PMID- 3204129 TI - Determination of the molecular size distribution of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in intravenous IgG-albumin formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Recent reports have expressed concern about the safety of intravenous human immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations. Evidence seems to indicate that aggregates in these formulations are responsible for several adverse reactions in some patients, including anaphylaxis and dyspnea. Therefore, monitoring the molecular size distribution of IgG in these products is essential for ensuring their safety. This paper describes a sensitive and precise two-stage high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determining the molecular size distribution profile of IgG in an intravenous formulation stabilized with albumin. In the first step, all molecular forms of IgG are separated from all molecular forms of albumin by anion-exchange chromatography. In the second stage, a portion of the collected IgG fraction is re-chromatographed by size-exclusion chromatography and separated into its aggregate, dimer, and monomer components. Although some minor losses of aggregate do occur in the procedure, the overall molecular size distribution is not significantly affected. The method described is both time efficient and accurate, and represents an improvement over existing methods. PMID- 3204128 TI - Isolation of specific lymphocyte receptors by high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography. AB - Isolation of antigen-specific lymphocyte receptors can be achieved by high performance immunoaffinity chromatography, using immobilized monoclonal antibodies directed against the antigen. Primed lymphocytes are allowed to react with their target antigen prior to disruption and membrane solubilization. The bound antigen acts both as a preservative for the receptor and as a ligand on which the immobilized antibody captures the antigen-receptor complex. Dissociation of the antigen-antibody complex also releases the antigen from the receptor, and both antigen and receptor can be separated and recovered for further study. PMID- 3204130 TI - Comparison of mono Q, superose-6, and ABx fast protein liquid chromatography for the purification of IgM monoclonal antibodies. AB - Nine immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) produced in ascites fluids or in cell culture supernatants, have been purified on a fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) system using anion-exchange, size-exclusion, or mixed-mode chromatography matrices. The use of a mixed-mode ABx column provided an IgM that had a purity of greater than 99% after a single purification step. Anion-exchange chromatography using a Mono Q column, provided a partial purification of the IgM which could subsequently be purified to a product of ca. 90% purity (determined from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) by size-exclusion chromatography on a Superose-6 column. Alternatively, the ascites containing the IgM was ammonium sulfate precipitated and chromatographed on the Superose-6 column under normal- as well as high-ionic strength conditions, which also yielded a product of ca. 90% purity. The purification of IgM from concentrated cell culture supernatants was evaluated using the Superose-6 or the ABx column. IgM purified from this source was greater than 99% pure when chromatographed on the mixed-mode column and ca. 60% pure on the size-exclusion column. MAbs from each of the procedures retained their immunoreactivity, as shown by indirect immunofluorescence staining of fixed cell preparations. A comparison of these methods revealed that mixed mode chromatography was simple, efficient, and yielded a product of high purity. The optimization of these methods facilitates the large-scale purification of mouse IgM MAbs and provides practical procedures for generating IgMs for use as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. PMID- 3204131 TI - Analysis of allergenic components of a Parietaria judaica pollen extract by chromatographic methods for the evaluation of purification procedures. AB - Size-exclusion and ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography were used to monitor the presence of polymeric aggregates and of families of allergens of similar isoelectric point in Parietaria judaica pollen extracts. A radio-allergo sorbent test and chromatofocusing were used for the analysis of individual fractions. This allows the detection of two groups of allergens, having pI of 4.7 and greater than 5.7, respectively, and shows the effect of dialysis or ultrafiltration on the distribution of allergens. PMID- 3204132 TI - Use of avidin-coated glass beads as a support for high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography. AB - Immunoaffinity chromatography, using immobilized antibodies, is a useful technique for the specific isolation and purification of biological materials. We have developed an avidin-coated glass bead which can easily immobilize and retain under adverse conditions, such as acid elution, any antibody which is covalently labelled with biotin. The physical strength of the bead, together with the expanding repertoire of commercially available biotinylated monoclonal antibodies makes this support ideal for both medium- and high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography. PMID- 3204133 TI - High-performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography as a means of identifying estrogen receptors expressing different binding domains. AB - Methodology for high-performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HPHIC) of estrogen receptors (ER) was developed, utilizing a polyether-bonded stationary phase, which was non-ionic in nature. Using a descending salt gradient (2 M to 0 M ammonium sulphate in 40 min), ERs from human breast cancer separated into two isoforms, which retained ligand-binding domains. The same isoforms were observed with ER preparations from rat uterus. When sodium molybdate, a stabilizer of receptor structure, was incorporated into the mobile phase, it altered the ER characteristics, producing an earlier elution of one component, while the other one remained unchanged. Treatment of breast cancer cytosol with RNase A did not alter ER elution from either the hydrophobic or size-exclusion (TSK 3000 SW) columns. Modification of cysteine residues with N-ethylmaleimide led to a broad elution pattern of receptor from the hydrophobic column, implying the existence of multiple conformations of ER. Limited trypsin treatment of ER, which removes the DNA binding domain, led to the elution of only one receptor peak from the hydrophobic column. The receptor eluted at 24 min both in the presence and in the absence of sodium molybdate. Thus, at least one mechanism of the sodium molybdate effect must involve its direct interaction with ER to influence the sequence between the DNA-binding domain and the N-terminus. This also indicates that the most hydrophobic species of ER (sodium molybdate sensitive) may arise due to the interaction of the DNA-binding site with the stationary phase. Other possibilities, such as differential post-translational modifications of the receptor protein could also account for the two isoforms of ER, observed in HPHIC analysis. PMID- 3204134 TI - Optimal resolution of eye lens gamma-crystallins by cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography on SynChropak CM300. AB - Cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography on SynChropak CM300 in Tris-acetate buffers of pH 5-7, using sodium acetate gradients, produces an excellent separation of the various gamma-crystallin gene products and their post synthetically modified forms from eye lens. With a single analysis of total lens extract, the gamma-crystallins can be resolved, quantified and collected for amino acid analysis. Experimental conditions are presented for optimal resolution of individual human, rat, bovine and dogfish shark gamma-crystallins. Applications presented include determinations of different synthesis of gamma crystallins and chemical modification (oxidation by hydrogen peroxide) in situ. PMID- 3204135 TI - Hydrophobic interaction chromatography of peptides as an alternative to reversed phase chromatography. AB - Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was examined as an alternative to reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) for peptide separations by high-performance liquid chromatography. With small peptides, selectivity was similar in both modes. This was the case with commercially available standards and with a set of synthetic peptides having the same amino acid composition but different sequences. Column efficiency was higher in RPC. HIC possesses several other disadvantages, including significant baseline changes during gradient elution and a requirement for non-volatile mobile phases, which complicates peptide isolation. Thus, RPC is still the method of choice for most small peptides. Marked differences in selectivity were noted with small proteins and polypeptides large enough to possess tertiary structure. Good results were also obtained by HIC in the case of some peptides that could not be purified at all by RPC, due to aggregation or poor binding or recovery. Thus, in these cases, HIC is a useful alternative to RPC for peptide purification. PMID- 3204137 TI - Preparative separation of peptide and protein samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with gradient elution. I. The Craig model as a basis for computer simulations. AB - The Craig model (assuming a Langmuir isotherm) has been used by us previously to successfully simulate isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation in a mass-overload mode. Here we have extended this approach to the case of gradient elution for large samples. These simulations support our earlier conclusion that so-called "corresponding" isocratic and gradient separations provide similar sample resolution when the sample size is the same. "Corresponding" separations refer to the case where isocratic retention k' is equal to average gradient retention k, and where other conditions (column, flow rate, etc.) are the same. Craig simulations reported here also provide further insight into the factors that affect preparative HPLC separations under mass overload conditions. PMID- 3204136 TI - High-performance concanavalin A affinity chromatography of liver and hepatoma membrane proteins. AB - Although the separation of water-soluble glycoproteins by high-performance (HP) concanavalin A (ConA) affinity chromatography (AC) is feasible, irregularities may be encountered with hydrophobic glycoproteins. The separation of plasma membrane glycoproteins from liver and Morris hepatoma 7777, used as a model, showed that not only the interaction between the lectin and the oligosaccharide portion of the glycoproteins plays a role in the chromatographic process, but also the hydrophobic interactions between sample and lectin and between sample and support. In this, the characteristics of the support, such as surface hydrophobicity and pore size, play an important part. It was found that a portion of the ConA is not covalently bound to the column, especially when elution is carried out with buffers containing detergents. Moreover, some extremely hydrophobic proteins could only be eluted from the column when high concentrations of detergents [1% (w/v) or higher] were applied. Despite these difficulties, four membrane glycoproteins from the liver with apparent molecular weights of 60, 80, 100 and 110-120 kilodaltons could be highly enriched by ConA HPAC. These proteins were further fractionated according to their strength of binding to the ConA and their different hydrophobic characteristics, using various detergents as eluents. PMID- 3204138 TI - Preparative separation of peptide and protein samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with gradient elution. II. Experimental examples compared with theory. AB - Craig simulations of mass-overloaded gradient elution reported in the preceding paper have been extended to the case of non-Langmuir isotherms. Isotherms were selected that appear to be characteristic of peptide and protein samples in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The dependence of bandwidth on sample size and gradient conditions was examined by Craig simulation and compared with experimental data for 13 different experimental systems involving four different proteins. There is a good correspondence between simulations and experimental data, and it seems possible to quantitatively predict bandwidth and resolution as a function of small-sample retention data, experimental conditions, and sample size. A systematic approach for designing the preparative or process-scale separation of protein mixtures by reversed-phase gradient elution is proposed. PMID- 3204139 TI - Reversed-phase preparative chromatography of [D-Ala1]-peptide T amide. AB - [D-Ala1]peptide T amide is a metabolically stable and more potent analogue of peptide T, a proposed inhibitor of human immunodeficiency viral infectivity of human T-cell lymphocytes. The peptide was synthesized by solid-phase methods to provide amounts of several grams. The product was purified by chromatography on a 25 cm x 2 in. column of DuPont Zorbax Pro-10 C8 (10 micron) packing. Sample loads of 100-450 mg were chromatographed isocratically in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and 5% acetonitrile at a flow-rate of 110 ml/min. Under these conditions, the pure peptide fraction was eluted reproducibly between 15 and 22 min. After solvent removal and lyophilization, the recovery of pure peptide was 50% by weight. PMID- 3204140 TI - Preparative purification of peptides by reversed-phase chromatography. Sample displacement mode versus gradient elution mode. AB - In this study, we describe a novel method of preparative liquid chromatography, applicable to analytical columns and instrumentation, where the reversed-phase column is operated in sample displacement mode (SDM). This technique takes advantage of the different relative hydrophobicities of components of a sample mixture, so that when a column is optimally loaded with an aqueous solution of the sample mixture, there is competition among the sample components for the adsorption sites on the hydrophobic stationary phase. The more hydrophobic components compete more successfully for these sites than more hydrophilic components, which are displaced and immediately eluted from the column. Thus, the major separation takes place in water. Subsequent treatment with an aqueous organic eluent is only required to wash retained components off the column and takes no part in the major separation process. A two-column (precolumn and main column, in series) SDM strategy was applied to the preparative purification of a peptide product from neighbouring hydrophilic and hydrophobic impurities. Hydrophobic impurities were isolated on a shorter precolumn trap while hydrophilic impurities were displaced from the main column in the aqueous mobile phase (0.05% aq. trifluoroacetic acid), leaving the main column filled with homogeneous product. Gradient elution was then used to remove the peptide product from the main column. The researcher can regulate the size of the precolumn trap depending on the amount of hydrophobic impurities in a particular sample, or the size of the main column depending on the amount of product desired. The simplicity and flexibility of the SDM approach to preparative-scale purification enabled rapid separation of a single peptide component from a complex multicomponent mixture and should prove to be valuable for researchers in the peptide/protein field. PMID- 3204141 TI - Preparation and chromatographic use of 5'-fluorescent-labelled DNA probes. AB - A convenient procedure for synthesizing and purifying fluorescently-labelled short DNA probes is reported. DNA probes were chemically synthesized on an automated instrument using the "Aminolink" reagent in the final cycle to attach a primary amino group at the 5'-terminus in the final step. The synthetic oligonucleotides were purified by polyacrylamide urea gel electrophoresis, followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The oligomers were then allowed to react with a fluorescent compound, and the products were separated by HPLC with consecutive detection by UV absorption and fluorescence. Gel permeation chromatography demonstrated that the fluorescent probes were able to form stable hybrids with complementary oligodeoxynucleotides. Furthermore, essentially 100% of the purified fluorescent probe was capable of hybridizing to its complementary strand. Special precautions in handling the fluorescent probes, such as stability, were investigated. PMID- 3204142 TI - Purification of transfer RNA species by single-step ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been developed for the purification and concentration of milligram quantities of tRNA. A Waters Protein Pak DEAE 5PW 150 x 21.5 mm I.D. column was utilized for the separation of tRNA species. The chromatographic conditions chosen created non denaturing conditions for separating the different species: 0.1 M Tris buffer (pH 7.6) at 25 degrees C, with a 0.25 M to 0.4 M sodium chloride gradient, using a 170-min gradient. The gradient form could be adjusted for optimizing purification (to over 85%) of the tRNA species of interest. The same DEAE packing in a smaller column was found to be effective for concentrating solutions of the purified tRNA. Fifty-fold concentration and recoveries above 90% have been obtained by this method. These methods were successfully applied to the purification of individual tRNA species from both Escherichia coli and yeast. PMID- 3204143 TI - Microassay for adenosine deaminase, the enzyme lacking in some forms of immunodeficiency, in mouse preimplantation embryos. AB - A highly sensitive biochemical microassay has been developed for adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4), the enzyme deficient in approximately 20% of cases of severe combined immuno-deficiency disease (SCID). The microassay is capable of detecting femtomolar amounts of reaction product in a single blastomere from a mouse 8-cell embryo and thus is sensitive enough to be considered for the possible preimplantation diagnosis of SCID in human embryos. PMID- 3204144 TI - Sexing whole human pre-embryos by in-situ hybridization with a Y-chromosome specific DNA probe. AB - We have used DNA-DNA in-situ hybridization with a DNA probe for the human Y chromosome to distinguish between male and female human pre-embryos. Both biotinylated and tritiated Y-probes worked well on control cell cultures where 100 interphase nuclei were scored. Morphologically normal pre-embryos could be sexed with confidence with the tritiated Y-probe but the biotin results were less reliable (although only a few pre-embryos were analysed in this way). Early cleavage stage pre-embryos had large nuclei with relatively diffuse Y-bodies and were more difficult to score with the biotinylated Y-probe. Morphologically abnormal pre-embryos often had large nuclei with multiple Y-bodies (presumably polyploid nuclei) or small nuclei with no Y-bodies (possibly fragmenting nuclei). In all, 38 cleaving and two non-cleaving pre-embryos were analysed. The incidence of false positive and false negative cells seen after hybridization of tritiated Y-probes to control lymphocyte cultures suggests that it should normally be possible to distinguish morphologically normal male and female pre-embryos with samples of three to six interphase nuclei. PMID- 3204145 TI - Cytoplasmic factors influence mitochondrial reorganization and resumption of cleavage during culture of early mouse embryos. AB - The mitochondrial distribution pattern has been monitored in normally cleaving and developmentally arrested preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro and compared with the distribution found immediately after flushing from the oviduct in vivo. Mitochondria in normally cleaving embryos in vitro and in vivo were found to be homogeneously distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the blastomeres during interphase. In developmentally arrested embryos in vitro the mitochondria became progressively aggregated and localized in the perinuclear region and the area of the cytocortex immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane. Injection of G2 cell cycle cytoplasmic factor(s) from a cycling 2-cell embryo into an arrested embryo resulted in the re-initiation of normal cleavage. Concomitant with the re initiation of cleavage, a re-distribution of the aggregated mitochondria to the pattern, associated with normally cycling embryos, was observed. Specific mitochondrial translocations to the mitotic spindle were observed during cleavage. The results have shown that observation of the mitochondrial distribution using the vital stain Rhodamine 123, provides an accurate and reliable prediction of an embryo's ability to proceed through the next cleavage stage and develop in vitro and suggests that the specific association of mitochondria with the mitotic spindle is a prerequisite for normal cleavage. PMID- 3204146 TI - Expression of a secretory product by microvillous and ciliated cells of the human endometrial epithelium in vivo and in vitro. AB - A monoclonal antibody which identifies a component of post-ovulatory endometrial secretions is now shown to be expressed within the cytoplasm and on the cell surface of both microvillous and ciliated epithelial cells. A glandular explantation model was developed in order to study the 'carry over' of this secretion to the regenerative phase endometrium. A loss of cytoplasmic antigen was observed in vitro. However, it was retained on the cell surface in a fashion consistent with its expression at the time of explantation. Mosaicism of expression of this secretory component occurs throughout the secretory-phase and is particularly pronounced at the time of transition from proliferative to secretory phase. It is concluded that both ciliated and microvillous epithelial cells produce a post-ovulatory secretory component which may be retained on the cell surface in the absence of hormonal stimulation. PMID- 3204147 TI - Effects of preovulatory tamoxifen in regularly cycling women on folliculogenesis, oocyte recovery and luteal function. AB - Forty women undergoing elective sterilization and oocyte donation were randomized in a trial to study the effects of administration of 30 mg of tamoxifen 12 h before injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin and 48 h before oocyte capture. Cycles were regulated for advanced operative scheduling with norethisterone given in the luteal phase of the previous cycle and 150 mg of clomiphene given in the early follicular phase of the recovery cycle. Tamoxifen cycles showed a delay of peak urinary oestrone excretion by 2 days, associated with a slight decrease in total excretion. Tamoxifen administration lengthened treatment cycles by 0.5 days and the luteal phase by 0.4 days. The urinary excretion peak of pregnanediol was 3 days later than in controls. Total pregnanediol excretion was slightly elevated. There were no differences in oocyte recovery rate although cleavage rate was decreased (0.84 versus 0.65, not significant at P greater than or equal to 0.05). Intrafollicular oestradiol levels were similar (794 +/- 97 versus 735 +/- 102 ng/ml). Intrafollicular progesterone levels were marginally lower in tamoxifen cycles (3.5 +/- 0.5 versus 2.3 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml). PMID- 3204148 TI - The treatment of infertility by the high intrauterine insemination of husband's washed spermatozoa. AB - A total of 345 couples with non-tubal infertility on an IVF waiting list underwent 702 treatment cycles involving daily intrauterine inseminations of husband's washed spermatozoa (AIH) over 3 days of the periovulatory period, following ovarian stimulation. Pregnancy rates achieved were dependent upon the underlying infertility disorder, with similar rates noted in those with a negative post-coital test (15.8%) or where antispermatozoal antibodies were present in either the male (18.5%) or female (17.1%) partner. These rates were significantly higher than for couples with poor cervical mucus (4.7%), asthenozoospermia (0%), endometriosis (mild, 7.7%; severe, 4.1%) or unexplained infertility (8.5%), while discrete oligozoospermia showed mid-range results (10.3%). Pregnancy outcome revealed a high level of early wastage (33.3%), mainly in the blighted ovum category, however congenital abnormalities (5.6%) were not significantly increased. It is concluded that the procedure of AIH should be considered for infertility due to poor sperm--mucus interaction, antispermatozoal antibodies and simple oligozoospermia, prior to IVF-related treatments. PMID- 3204149 TI - The value of IVF-ET in patients undergoing treatment by the GIFT procedure. AB - In patients undergoing the gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) procedure, a prospective study was performed to establish the predictive value of attempting in-vitro fertilization (IVF) using extra oocytes obtained at laparoscopy and also the value of transferring the resulting embryo(s), in conjunction with GIFT, in the same treatment cycle. The GIFT procedure was performed in 50 treatment cycles involving 43 patients, of whom 20 have achieved clinical pregnancy with an overall success rate of 40% per treatment cycle. In 38 of these patients, one or more extra oocytes were available and an attempt was made in each case to fertilize them in vitro. When fertilization failed to occur in vitro, the chances of pregnancy were significantly reduced (9.1%). In patients for whom IVF of extra oocyte(s) was successful, there was no significant difference in the pregnancy rate whether embryo transfer was performed or not (54 and 57.1%, respectively). The success rate was also influenced by the number of oocytes collected rather than the number of oocytes/embryos transferred. Therefore these results suggest that IVF of extra oocytes is a good indicator of in-vivo fertilization and that if extra embryos are obtained they should be cryopreserved. PMID- 3204150 TI - Human and bovine cervical mucus penetration as a test of sperm function for in vitro fertilization. AB - Human and bovine cervical mucus penetration tests (n = 57) were performed preceding IVF to test their prognostic value as sperm function tests for IVF. This evaluation also included results from conventional semen analysis and from a computerized sperm analysis system. The bovine cervical mucus penetration test was shown to be at least as valuable as the human cervical mucus penetration test in evaluating sperm function. The migration distance of the vanguard sperm (P less than 0.001) and the sperm density at a fixed migration distance in the mucus column (P less than 0.05) correlated most closely with the IVF results. A clear parallelism with the outcome of the 'swim up' technique was also found. Of the sperm parameters examined, only sperm motility in the ejaculate (P less than 0.05) correlated significantly with the results of IVF. It is concluded that the outcome of a bovine cervical mucus penetration test depends on the same sperm functions as required for IVF. Therefore, this test may be of predictive value in an IVF programme. PMID- 3204151 TI - Effect of 1,2-propanediol and dimethylsulphoxide on the meiotic spindle of the mouse oocyte. AB - At ovulation, the mouse oocyte is arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division. Since microtubules are thermo-and chemosensitive structures, the effects of 1.5 M dimethylsulphoxide and 1.5 M 1,2-propanediol were studied at room temperature on the morphology of the meiotic spindle. Oocytes incubated at 37 degrees C or at room temperature served to estimate the effect of temperature in the experiment. The meiotic spindle was visualized by immunogold-silver staining of microtubules. In the control group at 37 degrees C, 88% of oocytes had normal spindles. After incubation at room temperature for the same time, 89% of oocytes showed abnormal spindles. In the oocytes exposed to dimethyl sulphoxide or 1,2-propanediol at room temperature a protective effect on spindle morphology could be recognized. Subsequent incubation at 37 degrees C resulted in partial restoration of the observed abnormalities after cooling to room temperature and after exposure to dimethylsulphoxide. Incubation at 37 degrees C after exposure to 1,2-propanediol at room temperature induced spindle absence in the majority of oocytes. Although this latter condition allowed fertilization without increased incidence of ploidy abnormalities, a role for 1,2-propanediol as an activating agent is hypothesized. PMID- 3204152 TI - The effects of cooling human oocytes. AB - Preovulatory human oocytes were cooled to 0 degrees C at 1 degree C/min, with or without the cryoprotectant dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), to assess the effects of cooling on the meiotic spindles and on oocyte structure. Batches of oocytes, cultured for 3-9 h, were held at 0 degrees C for 20 or 60 min and then fixed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) either at 0 or 8 degrees C. Control oocytes were not cooled and were fixed at 22 or 37 degrees C for comparison. TEM revealed that 80% of the oocytes were at metaphase II, while 20% were at metaphase I and most had resumed meiosis recently. Control oocytes had more or less barrel-shaped meiotic spindles composed of microtubules (MT), some associated with chromosomes at kinetochores. Both metaphase I and II spindles were disassembled when cooled and fixed at 0 degrees C, with or without DMSO, due to extensive depolymerization of MT. The few MT that survived were found at the poles or were bundled together or were associated with chromosomes. Kinetochores were not prominent. Some oocytes cooled with DMSO and fixed at 0 or 8 degrees C showed evidence of MT, but the spindles were still disorganized and were abnormal in structure. Chromosomes tended to clump together or were dislocated in the cortical ooplasm in cooled oocytes, but widespread scattering was not observed. This was particularly evident in the absence of DMSO. Elements of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondria and the cytosol were also adversely affected in some of the cooled oocytes and their surrounding cumulus cells. The results show that meiotic spindles are very sensitive to simple cooling and that DMSO does not provide substantial stabilization of the meiotic spindle even at 0 degrees C. The findings are discussed with reference to recent work on frozen human and mouse oocytes. PMID- 3204153 TI - Cytoskeletal organization in fresh, aged and spontaneously activated human oocytes. AB - The cytoskeleton of the human oocyte (microtubules and actin filaments) has been examined using fluorescence microscopy. In unfertilized oocytes in metaphase of the second meiotic division, microtubules were found exclusively within the spindle which was located at the periphery of the cell and oriented radially, with its long axis perpendicular to the surface membrane. The spindle was anastral and slightly pointed at each pole, the chromosomes being arranged on a metaphase plate at the equator. When treated with taxol, the oocyte spindle became astral and microtubules appeared in the cortex of the oocyte in the form of small strands or bundles. Polymerized actin was found to be present in a dense filamentous layer throughout the cortex of the unfertilized oocyte. Aged unfertilized oocytes displayed an increased incidence of disrupted or abnormal cytoskeletal organization. In parthenogenetically activated oocytes in anaphase and telophase, microtubules were again found predominantly in the spindle but in addition, cortical strands or bundles of microtubules were often present. Oocytes in late telophase sometimes showed the presence of a concentrated ring of actin in the cleavage furrow between the oocyte and the second polar body. Activated oocytes in early interphase contained a dense cortical mesh of microtubules and a midbody remnant between the oocyte and the polar body. The cytoskeletal organizations of mouse and human oocytes are compared. PMID- 3204154 TI - Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human embryo-derived platelet activating factor. AB - The soluble platelet activating factor (PAF) produced by mouse embryos was shown to have properties similar to 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphocholine (PAF-acether). In this study PAF was extracted from the medium in which human embryos were cultured for approximately 18 h prior to transfer. The extracted embryo-derived PAF moved on silica thin layer chromatograms with the same RF of 0.26 +/- 0.03 (n = 26) as PAF-acether. Embryo-derived PAF or PAF-acether activity was assayed by monitoring the decrease in the proportion of single platelets in rabbit whole blood due to aggregation on incubation at 37 degrees C. The two agonists were said to be of the same activity, if they induced the same degree of platelet aggregation after 15 min incubation. PAF-acether (93 nM) and embryo derived PAF of similar activity induced an identical time response of platelet aggregation, the response being maximal by 6 min. PAF-acether, over the range 5.6 200 nM, induced a decrease that was linear when plotted on a log-log scale. Embryo-derived PAF and PAF-acether (184 nM) gave identical dose responses when serially diluted to 16 nM. Pharmacologically, the action of embryo-derived PAF and PAF-acether (46 nM) on platelet aggregation was significantly inhibited by 3.75 microM of the PAF-specific receptor inhibitor, SRI 63-441, and completely inhibited at 15 microM SRI 63-441. Embryo-derived PAF and PAF-acether (184 nM) were inactivated to the same degree by incubation with 5-13 IU/ml phospholipase A2 (pA2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3204155 TI - Evaluation of different biopsy methods of blastomeres from 2-cell mouse embryos. AB - As an outgrowth of in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, detection of genetic and metabolic defects prior to implantation might be possible in the future. The objective for preimplantation diagnosis would be to sample a minimum of cell material of the conceptus for diagnosis prior to transfer. Different protocols for isolating individual blastomeres out of 2-cell mouse embryos were evaluated. 2-cell mouse embryos (from F1 hybrids C57B1 females x CBA males) were collected and the zona pellucida was removed by enzyme treatment (pronase), by exposure to Ca2+-Mg2+-free acid Tyrode (pH = 2.5) or by mechanical force. Individual blastomeres were obtained by exposure to an enzyme (pronase), to a chelating agent (EDTA-glycine mixture), to Ca2+-Mg2+-free PBS or after isolation by mechanical force. The biopsied blastomeres were then cultured in vitro as such or first replaced into a host zona pellucida. Evaluation was performed by culture in vitro up to the blastocyst stage and by transfer of embryos appearing morphologically normal into pseudopregnant foster mothers. A chromosomal study of the second mitotic division of the isolated blastomere was also performed. All isolation procedures had a negative impact on the in-vitro and in-vivo growth patterns of the isolated blastomeres. After culture in vitro to the blastocyst stage, different abnormalities could be observed: embryos lacking compaction, embryos with double blastocoelic cavities and embryos with no inner cell mass (trophoblastic vesicle). After replacement of the isolated blastomeres into a host zona pellucida, similar observations could be made. Chromosomal analysis did not reveal a clear influence of the different biopsy methods on the mitosis of the isolated blastomeres. PMID- 3204157 TI - Advantages of an additional subcranial approach in the correction of craniofacial deformities. AB - The subject of this paper are the advantages conferred by the subcranial and extracranial approach for the performance of fronto-orbital osteotomy and advancement. In contrast to the usual intracranial approach the resection of the ethmoidal and medial aspect of the orbital roof can be achieved by the subcranial and transethmoidal approach, thus avoiding any damage to the olfactory filaments. The resulting subcranial compartment, after radical resection of the ethmoidal cells, enables optimal visualization of the optic nerve and decompression from this access. Frontal lobe retraction is only necessary at the lateral fronto temporal region in order to complete the lateral osteotomy. Thus the morbidity rate related to the intracranial procedure can be reduced. Further advantages are the watertight repair of the skull base with fascia lata and the drainage of the intercranial region avoiding the postoperative development of the Orbital Apex Syndrome. PMID- 3204156 TI - Replacement of the interarticular disc of the craniomandibular joint with fresh autogenous sternal or auricular cartilage. An experimental study in guinea pigs. AB - Meniscectomy has proved to be a disadvantageous therapeutic method for the surgical treatment of patients with internal derangement of the TMJ. A few authors have reported on the replacement of the removed disc with dermis, fascia and auricular cartilage in clinical reports. To the best of our knowledge no experimental work has ever been published on this subject. The interarticular disc of six young adult albino guinea pigs was removed and replaced with fresh autogenous sternal cartilage and in nine others with fresh autogenous auricular cartilage. After having been followed clinically, the animals were sacrificed after 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Transplantation of sternal cartilage resulted clinically in moderate to marked discomfort. However, histologically no spectacular changes in the joints were found. The auricular cartilage transplants clinically did rather well. Histologically, some changes were found which became less pronounced with time. The use of sternal cartilage is not advisable as a replacement material because of technical reasons. The protective role of the auricular transplants could not be fully evaluated because of their tendency to warp and become displaced, although they retained their original microscopic structure and did not show reactive or resorptive changes. Further studies using larger groups of experimental animals and intermaxillary fixation are justified. PMID- 3204158 TI - Paranasal incision as an access for maxillary osteotomy. AB - A new approach for osteotomy of the maxilla through a paranasal incision is described. Advantages and indications are discussed. PMID- 3204159 TI - A comparative study of treatment of keratocysts by enucleation or enucleation combined with cryotherapy. A preliminary report. AB - In the present study, the recurrence rates found after treatment of keratocysts by enucleation or enucleation combined with cryotherapy are compared. Despite the relatively short follow-up period, this study indicates that there is no difference in recurrence rate between the two treatment methods. PMID- 3204160 TI - Compression therapy for parotid haemangioma in infants. A report of three cases. AB - Three cases of parotid haemangioma in infants are presented. Compression therapy was applied in these cases using a resin splint and a headcap and they were very effective. In the first case, the lesion had begun to reduce in volume within two weeks after starting the compression therapy. The haemangioma had disappeared completely in sixteen months. In the second and third cases, the lesions have disappeared in eight months and fifteen months, respectively. In all of the cases, no side effects were noticed. We believe that compression therapy is a safe and effective treatment modality for haemangiomas in infants even though these may disappear spontaneously in some cases. PMID- 3204161 TI - Local prostaglandin E2 in patients with oral malignancies undergoing chemo- and radiotherapy. AB - Patients undergoing chemo- and/or radiotherapy for malignancies were often found to develop annoying inflammation of the oral mucosa. As prostaglandins are known to be cytoprotective. Prostaglandin E2 was given to 10 patients who received combined radio- and chemotherapy for oral neoplasms. Patients receiving PGE2 reported substantially less intense pain then those in the control group. Our statistically significant results indicate that topical treatment of side effects produced by combined radio- and chemotherapy of oral neoplasms with PGE2 holds promise and is clearly superior to conventional treatment modalities. PMID- 3204162 TI - Treatment of "idiopathic midline destructive disease" by irradiation. A case report. AB - An unusual case with an aggressive destructive granulomatous lesion of the maxilla is reported. Although the possibility of infection and neoplasm could be ruled out, a definite diagnosis could not be established even by repeated biopsies which showed the lesion to be a non-specific inflammatory process. Since Wegener's granulomatosis was most unlikely, the patient was treated by radiotherapy which caused rapid remission of the lesion with no sign of recurrence after 4 years. The clinical and histological findings as well as the responsiveness to the treatment were most indicative of idiopathic midline destructive disease. Effective management of lethal midline granuloma of unknown aetiology is discussed. PMID- 3204163 TI - Tattooing in maxillo-facial surgery. AB - A patient is described who had a discoloration of the skin caused by too deep tattooing of the oral mucosa. To avoid this complication a safe tattoo technique is described. PMID- 3204164 TI - Traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. AB - Traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is an uncommon situation resulting from severe trauma, with less than 40 cases having been reported. It is usually associated with a skull base, frontal or mid-facial fracture, but it may also be a spontaneous phenomenon of congenital, infective or degenerative origin. The blood shunts from the internal carotid to the cavernous sinus resulting in pulsating exophthalmos, orbital headache, pain, orbital or frontal bruit, loss of visual acuity, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia and the differential diagnosis should include superior orbital fissure syndrome, orbital apex syndrome and cavernous sinus thrombosis. Several modes of treatment have been proposed. We were recently faced with such a case, who had sustained fractures of the facial skeleton and developed the fistula despite an initial non-contributory angiogram. The patient remained in a permanent coma. PMID- 3204165 TI - Fatal susceptibility to cycloheximide of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumours and of animals pretreated with cell-free Ehrlich ascites tumour fluid. AB - Soluble, but unidentified, factors in cell-free Ehrlich ascites tumour fluid induced, after a delay period, a fatal heparin- and ancrod-resistant susceptibility to a normally tolerated dose of cycloheximide. The evidence suggests that production of such factors is dependent upon interaction of tumour cells with the intravascular or the intraperitoneal compartment. The factors are considered likely also to play a crucial role in the similar heparin and ancrod resistant fatalities which follow cycloheximide challenge of mice bearing established Ehrlich ascites tumours and in the deaths of mice challenged with cycloheximide 24 h after an intravenous injection of washed Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. These factors play no part in the heparin- and ancrod-preventable fatal syndrome following cycloheximide challenge either 2 h before or 2 h after intravenous injection of washed Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. PMID- 3204166 TI - Studies of the pathogenesis of orf virus infection in sheep. AB - Damage to the skin is essential for the establishment of orf virus infection and the development of typical lesions. However, analysis of the pathogenesis of experimental lesions induced by viral challenge of mildly abraded skin, indicated that the virus does not establish in the damaged epidermis, but replicates in the cells of an underlying replacement epidermal layer derived from the walls of the wool follicles. The skin reaction consists of a cellular response with necrosis and sloughing of the affected epidermis and underlying stratum papillare of the dermis. Healing is then completed by the formation of a third epidermis derived from the deeper portions of the wool follicles. Previous cutaneous infection did not prevent reintroduction of the disease, even on the same area of skin although the lesions were less severe and persisted for a shorter period. PMID- 3204167 TI - Ultrastructure of junctional epidermolysis bullosa in Belgian foals. AB - Ultrastructural examination of a mechanobullous disease of probable hereditary nature in Belgian foals, confirmed light microscopic findings that separation of the dermo-epidermal junction occurred through the lamina lucida of the basement membrane, leaving the intact lamina densa adherent to the dermis and the plasmalemma of the basal epithelial cells intact. The location of the cleft and the presence of small hemidesmosomes in adjacent intact skin are additional characteristics which make this condition similar to junctional epidermolysis bullosa of man. PMID- 3204168 TI - Gastric hyperplastic polyp in a horse. AB - An unusually large, pedunculated (20 cm long) mass arising the gastric pylorus which produced complete obstruction of the proximal duodenum and severe gastric distension was found in a 13-year old castrated male Arabian horse. The histological diagnosis was gastric hyperplastic polyp, which has not been reported previously in the horse. The clinico-pathological findings in this horse are compared with hyperplastic (inflammatory) gastric polyps of man. PMID- 3204169 TI - Disseminated granulomatous disease in a cat caused by larvae of Toxocara canis. AB - The gross and histological findings of a case of disseminated granulomatous disease caused by larval nematode infection in a cat are presented. The larvae were identified as those of Toxocara canis and the lesions associated with infection of cats with various ascaridoid larvae are discussed. PMID- 3204170 TI - Micronema deletrix-induced granulomatous osteoarthritis in a lame horse. AB - Necropsy of a chronically lame 16-year-old thoroughbred gelding revealed granulomatous osteomyelitis and polyarthritis due to a widely disseminated infection by Micronema deletrix. Diagnosis was based upon the nematode's morphology with its characteristic rhabditiform oesophagus. Granulomata, often containing one or more centrally located M. deletrix, were observed histologically in sections prepared from femur, kidney, stomach, lung, adrenal gland and sublumbar lymph nodes. Neither verminous meningo-encephalitis nor cephalic granulomata, which are the more commonly described lesions, was found. PMID- 3204171 TI - Lobular capillary haemangiomas in two calves. AB - Lobular capillary haemangiomas in the gingiva near the mandibular incisor region of two 6-month-old calves are described. PMID- 3204172 TI - Concurrent infection with Mycobacterium farcinogenes and Actinobacillus lignieresi in slaughtered cattle. AB - Concurrent infection with Actinobacillus lignieresii and Mycobacterium farcinogenes was detected in slaughtered cattle. The lesions were confined to the retropharyngeal, mandibular and parotid lymph nodes. The actinobacillus granulomas were seen either inside the caseous lesions or between the caseous part and the epithelioid zone of bovine farcy granuloma. In concomitant infections, actinobacillosis was always in the early active phase, whereas in actinobacillosis alone, active as well as healed stages were encountered. PMID- 3204173 TI - Occurrence of multinucleated giant cells in the appendix of clinically healthy rabbits. AB - The spontaneous formation of multinucleated giant cells was observed in the appendix of clinically healthy adult rabbits that were free of infection with intestinal viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi and parasites. Giant cells occurred singly and in aggregates. They were of the foreign body and of the Langhans' type, but intermediate forms were also noticed. Ultrastructurally, the hallmark of these appendiceal polykaryons were large phagolysomal fields harbouring amorphous debris and remains of cytoplasmic organelles and bacteria. The bacteria in the appendiceal tissues were neither of a special type nor acid fast. The aetiology and significance of appendiceal giant cells remains to be clarified. PMID- 3204174 TI - Spontaneous hydronephrosis in C57BL/KsJ mice. AB - Spontaneous hydronephrosis was observed in 15 of 33 necropsied C57BL/KsJ mice. The gross and histological appearances of these lesions are described. Spontaneous hydronephrosis is rare in mice and has not been previously described in this strain. At least four different mutations are reported to cause hydronephrosis in the mouse; each is associated with a high incidence of severe skeletal defects. Because no skeletal malformations were observed in the present study, it is likely that either a multigenic trait which has been present for a long time but is expressed variably, or a mutation other than those previously described may be responsible for hydronephrosis in C57BL/KsJ mice. PMID- 3204175 TI - Thyroid function in patients with pustulosis palmoplantaris. AB - Fifty consecutive patients (45 women and 5 men) with pustulosis palmoplantaris were evaluated for thyroid disease. Five women had previously had thyroid disorders for which they were receiving thyroxine substitution therapy. Of the other 40 women three had a raised serum concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone and nine had high concentrations of antibodies against thyroid "microsomal antigen." During a 4-year follow-up hypothyroidism developed in two women with initially raised thyroid-stimulating hormone, and laboratory test results for one woman indicated subclinical hyperthyroidism. Four of nine patients with thyroid abnormality also had evidence of gastric autoimmunity. Of the patients 94% smoked at the onset of pustulosis palmoplantaris compared with 33% in age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The prevalence of thyroid disease in women with pustulosis palmoplantaris was significantly higher than in a comparable population sample of women from the same geographic region. We conclude that patients with pustulosis palmoplantaris should be screened for thyroid disease. PMID- 3204176 TI - Basal cell carcinomas and lymphoma: biologic behavior and associated factors in sixty-three patients. AB - The relationship between basal cell carcinoma and lymphoma was investigated in 63 patients with both diagnoses who were seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1949 and 1984. The majority of patients were diagnosed with lymphoma before the onset of their first basal cell carcinoma. Multiple basal cell carcinomas developed in most patients. The overall recurrence rate of basal cell carcinoma was high (17%), and metastatic disease developed in one patient. These data support a more aggressive behavior of basal cell carcinomas in patients with lymphoma than in otherwise healthy individuals. PMID- 3204177 TI - Increasing incidence of eczema herpeticum: analysis of seventy-five cases. AB - Clinicians at the Department of Dermatology at the University of Mainz saw 63 patients with 75 episodes of eczema herpeticum. An analysis of these cases shows an exceedingly high rate of increased incidence of the disease. From 1969 through 1981, 13 cases were registered, whereas in the years 1982 to 1986 the number of cases was 62. The mean age of the patients was 22.7 years, and 42 patients (56%) were between 15 and 24 years of age. This finding shows that the affected patients are not predominantly infants, as has been reported up to now. Of these patients 5 had one recurrence, two had two recurrences, and one had three recurrences. Acyclovir, used for treatment in 38 cases, led to rapid improvement, whereas therapy with immunoglobulins, antibiotics, and so-called immunostimulating agents did not clearly influence disease duration. PMID- 3204178 TI - Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis. AB - Two cases are presented of congenital linear and whorled hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmented macules in streaky configurations along Blaschko's lines appeared gradually after birth. Histologic examination revealed prominent epidermal melanocytes and irregular basal layer hyperpigmentation with normal melanosomes. This condition must be differentiated from incontinentia pigmenti, early systematized epidermal nevus, extensive hypomelanosis of Ito, and chimerism. Other similar case reports from the literature suggest that incidence is sporadic and may be associated with more serious congenital anomalies. The patterning is the inverse to that found in hypomelanosis of Ito. Developmental somatic mosaicism may be responsible for this patterned hypermelanosis. PMID- 3204179 TI - Skin cancer in a Queensland population. AB - In the present study we have estimated the current prevalence of actinic skin disease in young and middle-aged adults in Queensland, Australia by surveying a representative community. It was found that 4.6% of persons aged 20 to 69 years had skin cancer, mostly basal cell carcinoma, and 40% had solar keratoses. The age distribution and site distribution of actinic lesions in this population were not as classically described; persons below age 40 years exhibited substantial sun-related skin damage, and a large proportion of actinic lesions occurred on sites other than the head, backs, of hands, or forearms. Allowing for age and sex, the strongest risk factors for skin cancer and solar keratoses were fair skin, as assessed by a dermatologist, and clinical signs of solar damage such as solar lentigines, facial telangiectasia, and actinic elastosis of the neck. Associations with self-reported tendencies toward sunburn, frequent painful sunburns, occupational sun exposure, and a previous history of skin cancer were confirmed. PMID- 3204180 TI - Radiation port dermatophytosis. AB - We report two cases in which dermatophytic infection developed almost entirely within a radiation field mimicking an acute radiation effect. Radiotherapists and dermatologists should be aware of this possibility and be able to differentiate it from radiation dermatitis. Topical antifungal agents are the recommended treatment after diagnosis is established. PMID- 3204181 TI - Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy: the enigma and the confusion. PMID- 3204182 TI - Self-care in patients with psoriasis: first international Duo-Formula Group Training Workshop. PMID- 3204183 TI - Thyroid evaluation in alopecia areata in children. PMID- 3204185 TI - The role of academia in teaching ethics. PMID- 3204184 TI - Remission of human immunodeficiency virus-associated generalized granuloma annulare under zidovudine therapy. PMID- 3204186 TI - Photographs for Clark's "dysplastic" nevi? PMID- 3204187 TI - Increased readability improves the comprehension of written information for patients with skin disease. AB - Many standardized methods are available with which to evaluate the reading ease and comprehensibility of written material. Techniques depend on mechanical analysis of sentence length, multiple prepositional phrases, direct phraseology, and arrangement of printed materials on the page. Those techniques were used to analyze a pamphlet designed for patient education by the American Academy of Dermatology. The pamphlet scored a reading ease grade of 45, corresponding to what is considered difficult reading and at a level commonly found in academic journals. We rewrote the pamphlet and increased its reading ease score to 62.4, corresponding to material that appears in standard digest-type magazines. We gave both versions of the pamphlet to a group of first-year medical students and to a group of middle-class patients from a dermatology practice. In both groups the modified version led to greater understanding of the written material. We conclude that the usefulness of patient education materials now being distributed by dermatologists could be significantly improved by being rewritten according to well-recognized formulas. PMID- 3204188 TI - Chilled drinking water effects on lactating Holstein cows in summer. AB - In Experiment 1, 12 multiparous lactating cows (six per group) were offered drinking water ad libitum at temperatures of 10 or 30 degrees C in a switchback design. The treatment group received 10 degrees C water from 1235 to 2000 h and was then changed to 30 degrees C water for the remaining 16.5 h/d. The control group received 30 degrees C water 24 h/d. Respiratory rates, rectal temperatures, and rumen motilities were measured at 1100, 1440, and 1810 h, 3 d/wk. Water consumed was recorded for 1235 to 2000 h and 2001 to 1234 h of the next day. Water consumption for the treatment group was 3.90 L/h per cow compared to 5.40 L/h per cow for the control group from 1235 to 2000 h. However, the 10 degrees C water absorbed 65.6 kcal/h more heat than the 30 degrees C water. No differences were found in respiratory rates, rectal temperatures, rumen motilities, or milk yield. Cows that drank 10 degrees C water consumed 3.67 kg of feed DM/100 kg of body weight compared with 3.36 kg of feed for the controls. In Experiment 2, the same two groups of cows were offered 9.5 degrees C water ad libitum for 24 h/d or 27.5 degrees C water for a 48 h comparison. The treatment group tended to consume more water than the control group and to have lower respiratory rates and body temperatures. PMID- 3204190 TI - Genetic parameters for fertility of dairy bulls. AB - Genetic parameters for male fertility and fertility ratings of AI bulls were obtained by analyzing 298,013 service records of cows with successive calving records. Cows were mated to 746 service bulls, which were progeny of 126 sires. The model for variance component estimation accounted for fixed effects of herd year-seasons, sire of the service bull, age of mates, and random effects of service bull and residual error. Estimates of variances of service bulls and residual error components for bull fertility indicated almost 10% of the phenotypic variation for fertility is among AI bulls. Best linear unbiased prediction of fertility ratings of individual bulls with inclusion of sire and maternal grandsire relationships on these data permitted the evaluation of 886 AI bulls for bull fertility. Heritability for bull fertility computed as twice the regression of son on sire was .158. Differences in fertility ratings of AI bulls ranged from -.29 to .19. Prediction of fertility of young AI bulls and more accurate rating of proven bulls might be useful to the industry. PMID- 3204189 TI - Use of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in prevention of bovine parturient paresis. 8. Maternal and neonatal plasma calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D metabolites concentrations. AB - Thirteen Israeli Friesian cows (3.71 average calvings) in the second or later lactation, fed a daily diet containing 90 g of Ca and 50 g of P, were injected once intramuscularly with 700 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3 in order to investigate its placental transfer and its subsequent metabolism in the neonate. The injection of the vitamin 96 to 24 h before calving slightly increased plasma Ca at parturition, whereas uninjected controls displayed a prominent hypo calcemia. On the 10th and 20th d after calving, difference in the plasma Ca concentration of the two groups was not significant. At parturition, plasma parathyroid hormone concentration was significantly higher and plasma 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D lower in the control than in the treated cows. At parturition the plasma concentrations of Ca, parathyroid hormone, hydroxyproline, and 24,25 hydroxyvitamin D were higher in the calves than in their dams. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were markedly higher and 1,25 hydroxyvitamin D was slightly higher in cows than in their offsprings. PMID- 3204191 TI - Regulatory response to the problem of pathogenic bacteria in the dairy industry. PMID- 3204192 TI - Industry response to the problems of pathogenic bacteria. AB - An on-farm assessment of sources of pathogenic bacteria in milk will be presented. Control of pathogenic bacteria through on-farm sanitation and herd management programs are part of the presentation. The processing plant environment and controls enacted in response to the menace of emerging pathogens will be reviewed. The current status of pathogen incidence and sources in dairy plants as evidenced by surveys provided by national trade organizations will also be presented. PMID- 3204193 TI - Cell to cell interactions and normal mammary gland function. AB - The nonepithelial components of the mammary gland are reviewed and their potential for regulatory cell-cell interactions with the epithelial cells are discussed. Studies undertaken to examine the regulatory potential of mammary stromal fibroblasts using an in vitro cell culture system are presented. The influence was examined of epithelial-fibroblast interactions on estrogenic regulation of progesterone receptor concentration in epithelial cells and on epithelial and fibroblast DNA synthesis. Mammary fibroblasts affect estrogen responsiveness in epithelial cells by two different mechanisms. In the case of progesterone receptor regulation, fibroblasts promote estrogen-dependent increases in the receptor via a substratum effect possibly by the production of collagen type I. By contrast, the fibroblast effect promoting estrogen-dependent cell proliferation requires fibroblasts to be metabolically active and in close contact with the epithelium. Additionally, under coculture conditions, estrogen dependent stimulation of fibroblast DNA synthesis is also observed, indicating a bidirectional, interactive phenomenon between the two types of cells. It is possible that the modulations in epithelial responsiveness to estrogen that are associated with the presence of mammary fibroblasts in vitro reflect regulatory mechanisms that operate in vivo. PMID- 3204194 TI - Psychological dysfunction and physical health among elderly medical inpatients. PMID- 3204195 TI - Psychological consequences of AIDS-related bereavement among gay men. PMID- 3204196 TI - Risk factors at intake predict nonremission among depressed patients. PMID- 3204197 TI - Depression among chronic pain patients: cognitive-behavioral analysis and effect on rehabilitation outcome. PMID- 3204198 TI - Inventory of interpersonal problems: psychometric properties and clinical applications. PMID- 3204199 TI - An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. PMID- 3204200 TI - Assessment of positive automatic cognition. PMID- 3204201 TI - Cognitive attributes of depression in children and adolescents. PMID- 3204202 TI - Mothers' and fathers' perceptions of child deviance: roles of parent and child behaviors and parent adjustment. PMID- 3204203 TI - The many faces of social isolation in childhood. PMID- 3204204 TI - Three-year follow-up of the treatment of obesity by very low calorie diet, behavior therapy, and their combination. PMID- 3204205 TI - Treatment of relationship dysfunction: an empirical evaluation of group and conjoint behavioral marital therapy. PMID- 3204206 TI - On the use of symbolic labels in psychotherapy outcome research: comment on Wills, Faitler, and Snyder. PMID- 3204207 TI - Distinguishing specific from nonspecific interventions in comparative outcome studies: reply to Collins and Thompson. PMID- 3204208 TI - It's real--the threat to erode your profession. PMID- 3204209 TI - The effects of a therapeutic bed on pressure ulcers: an experimental study. PMID- 3204210 TI - Maintenance of healthy skin. PMID- 3204211 TI - Concerns of clients and spouses regarding ostomy surgery for cancer. PMID- 3204212 TI - Urinary incontinence: diagnosing the problem. PMID- 3204213 TI - An ET nurses' challenge: obesity and a high output ileostomy. PMID- 3204214 TI - Effective fecal collectors. PMID- 3204215 TI - [Clinico-physiologic study of the phenomenon of the disturbance of visual-motor coordination following local irradiation of the head in animals]. PMID- 3204216 TI - [Functional properties of the neurons of the ventral tegmentum and adjacent areas of the midbrain in waking rats]. PMID- 3204217 TI - [Tissue specificity of the regulation of proliferative processes by brain and liver extracts]. PMID- 3204218 TI - [Cellular proliferative activity of human breast cancer]. PMID- 3204219 TI - [The action of membrane-active preparations on early embryonic development in the sea urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis]. PMID- 3204220 TI - [Growth-inhibiting action of platinum(II) complexes of the triamine and tetraamine types containing purines, pyrimidines and their nucleosides]. PMID- 3204221 TI - [Nucleotide incorporation into liposomes]. PMID- 3204222 TI - [The degree of DNA-DNA homology in prosthecobacteria of the genus Stella]. PMID- 3204223 TI - [Effect of ferrocolloid on erythrocytes]. PMID- 3204224 TI - Primary early-onset dysthymia: comparison with primary nonbipolar nonchronic major depression on demographic, clinical, familial, personality, and socioenvironmental characteristics and short-term outcome. PMID- 3204225 TI - Dependency and self-criticism in depression: evaluation in a clinical population. PMID- 3204226 TI - Prodromal signs and symptoms of schizophrenic relapse. PMID- 3204227 TI - Family history of problem drinking among young male social drinkers: modeling effects on alcohol consumption. PMID- 3204228 TI - A comparison of the psychological and hormonal factors in women with and without premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 3204229 TI - Reference performance and positive and negative thought disorder: a follow-up study of manics and schizophrenics. PMID- 3204230 TI - Visual function in past users of LSD: psychophysical findings. PMID- 3204231 TI - The effect of intellectual deterioration on retention deficits in amnesic alcoholics. PMID- 3204232 TI - Strategy manipulation and the Stroop effect in hypnosis. PMID- 3204233 TI - Vulnerability of postpartum depression: a prospective multivariate study. PMID- 3204234 TI - Depressive symptoms and personality during late adolescence: gender differences in the externalization-internalization of symptom expression. PMID- 3204235 TI - The startle probe response: a new measure of emotion? PMID- 3204236 TI - Factor structure of self-reported depression: clinic-referred children versus adolescents. PMID- 3204237 TI - Genetic risk for schizophrenia, birthweight, and cerebral ventricular enlargement. PMID- 3204238 TI - Alcohol and the balanced-placebo design: were experimenter demands in expectancy really tested? Comment on Knight, Barbaree, and Boland (1986). PMID- 3204239 TI - Experimenter demands in the balanced-placebo design: reply to Collins and Searles. PMID- 3204240 TI - Muscle attachments and TMJ. PMID- 3204241 TI - Infection control procedures. PMID- 3204242 TI - New dentists' problems. PMID- 3204243 TI - The effect of a fluoridated dentifrice on root and coronal caries in an older adult population. AB - Little information is available on the effect of fluorides on root surface caries in adults. This double-blind clinical study of 810 healthy adults, aged 54 and older, demonstrated decided cariostatic effects of a fluoridated dentifrice containing 1,100 ppm F as sodium fluoride. Statistically significant differences on both coronal (41%) and root surface caries (67%) incidence were produced in the test group and compared with a control dentifrice group during 1 year of study. PMID- 3204244 TI - Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with oral manifestations: report of case. AB - A patient seeking dental care was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and referred to a hematologic-oncologic service for confirmation and treatment. The typical oral findings and a discussion of the disease process of acute leukemia are presented. PMID- 3204245 TI - Pernicious anemia with associated glossodynia. AB - Glossitis and glossodynia are commonly seen by the dental practitioner. The awareness that these symptoms in conjunction with other oral signs indicate pernicious anemia is important for the clinician. Correct diagnosis can be made, and neurological complications avoided. Two case reports are presented and typical oral and systemic features of pernicious anemia are discussed. PMID- 3204246 TI - Advertising standards of the American Dental Association. PMID- 3204247 TI - Large nonpainful swelling of the lower lip. AB - The lipomas are slow-growing benign neoplasms. They are characterized by a smooth surfaced, sessile or pedunculated, yellow-to-pink submucosal mass that is usually asymptomatic. Superficially situated lesions show a telangiectatic vascular network. Deeper lesions may only be noticed as a subtle swelling, making them difficult to detect and treat. Despite its relative infrequency in the mouth, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of lipoma when diagnosing nonulcerated, soft-tissue masses of the mouth. Proper treatment consists of surgical excision, histologic examination, and patient follow-up. PMID- 3204248 TI - Continuing education course listing for January to June 1989. Council on Dental Education. PMID- 3204249 TI - The effects of nalmefene, a potent oral opiate antagonist, on exercise-induced bronchospasm. AB - Endogenous opioids are released during exercise and have been demonstrated to induce mast cell degranulation when they are administered intradermally. Thus, these peptides may play a role in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). However, in two previous studies, intravenous naloxone did not provide significant protection from EIB. To determine if these failures were due to inadequate dosage (pharmacokinetic failure) or lack of an inherent pharmacologic effect (pharmacodynamic failure), the present study was conducted with nalmefene (Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Miami, Fla.), a slowly metabolized, orally bioavailable opiate antagonist, with 30 times the potency of naloxone. Ten subjects with mild intermittent asthma and a greater than or equal to 20% decrease in FEV1 after a standardized exercise test were studied. nalmefene, 20 mg, and identically appearing placebo tablets were administered orally in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design 2 hours before bronchoprovocation. Treadmill exercise was performed for 6 minutes at a minute ventilation of 55% to 66% of the calculated maximum voluntary ventilation and not exceeding 75% to 85% maximal heart rate for age. Spirometry was performed before and 3, 5, 8, 10, and 15 minutes after exercise. The mean decrease in FEV1 after exercise was 28.6 +/- 4.5% with placebo and 30.3 +/- 4.5% with Nalmefene (p = 0.6; beta = 0.04 for a 15% difference). Thus, we conclude that narcotic antagonists do not alter airway reactivity to exercise. In addition, these data suggest that endogenous opioids probably do not play an important role in the pathogenesis of EIB. PMID- 3204250 TI - In vivo effects of theophylline on diaphragm, bicep, and quadricep strength and fatigability. AB - Aminophylline has been demonstrated to increase in vitro contractility in skeletal muscle, including diaphragm. In vivo studies report significant increases in diaphragm contractility in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but only small increases in control subjects. The present study determined the effects of aminophylline on strength and fatigability in the diaphragm, the biceps brachii, and the quadriceps of normal individuals. Seven healthy subjects were tested with placebo and drug conditions on separate days in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Mean theophylline levels of 15 +/- 2 mg/L SD were maintained by constant intravenous infusion. Strength of the diaphragm was measured as maximum inspiratory pressure. Strength of the biceps and quadriceps were measured isometrically during arm flexion (90 degrees) and leg extension (115 degrees) against an electronic load cell. Fatigue was measured as the decrease in tension during a 30-second contraction and during a 6-minute period of alternating 5-second maximal contraction and 5-second rest. Therapeutic levels of theophylline had no effect on strength or fatigability during a maximal contraction in any muscle group studied. PMID- 3204251 TI - Prevalence of basidiospore allergy in the Pacific Northwest. AB - Mold spore-induced respiratory allergy has been incompletely studied, and only a limited number of Fungi Imperfecti are well established as aeroallergens. Basidiomycetes, a complex and common group of fungi, which include mushrooms, rusts, smuts, brackets, and puffballs, have not been well studied. Although basidiospores can be present in high atmospheric concentrations, little is known of their aeroallergen potential. To examine this question, we performed skin prick and RASTs in 33 adult residents of Washington State using a panel of 15 common inhalant allergents that included four Fungi Imperfecti and 15 basidiospore extracts. Thirty-one of 33 (94%) subjects had positive immediate reactions to two or more common inhalants. Nine of 33 (27%) subjects responded to at least one Fungi Imperfecti; reactions were most common to Aspergillus sp. (21%), and least common to Penicillium sp., which were positive in 6%. Positive responses to basidiospore extracts were observed in 10 of 33 (30%) subjects. The prevalence of basidiospore reactivity was similar to that of Fungi Imperfecti, ranging from 18% for Scleroderma sp. to 6% for four different spore extracts. These results demonstrate that a significant number of subjects with respiratory allergies have skin test reactivity to basidiospore extracts, suggesting that these spores could be important aeroallergens in the Pacific Northwest. PMID- 3204252 TI - Immunoregulation of human natural killer cells (NK) by corticosteroids: inhibitory effect of culture supernatants. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated into HNK-1+ and HNK-1- subpopulations and examined for the effects of prednisolone (PRD) on natural killer cell activities in vitro. Preculture of HNK-1+ lymphocytes with PRD (10(-6) to 10(-8) mol/L) for 72 hours resulted in a significant reduction of cytotoxic functions. When peripheral blood lymphocytes were first precultured with PRD and then separated into HNK-1+ and HNK-1- subpopulations, both could suppress the target binding and lytic activities of fresh large granular lymphocytes with the HNK-1+ cells demonstrating greater inhibition than the HNK-1- cells. Moreover, PRD treated cells demonstrated greater suppression of target binding and cytotoxicity than identical subpopulations cultured without PRD. Culture supernatants of lymphocytes treated with 10(-6) to 10(-9) mol/L concentrations of PRD contain PRD induced soluble suppressor factor that significantly inhibited the natural killer activity of allogeneic lymphocytes against different targets. PRD-induced soluble suppressor factor was not cytotoxic itself, and suppression was evident at various effector-to-target cell ratios. These studies indicate that in addition to being directly immunosuppressive, corticosteroids may also induce immunoregulatory lymphocytes to secrete a suppressive lymphokine. PMID- 3204253 TI - Antibody response to trimellityl hemoglobin in trimellitic anhydride-induced lung injury. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to trimellitic anhydride by inhalation, and the antibody response to trimellityl (TM)-conjugated hemoglobin (HB) and TM rat serum albumin (RSA) was compared. Groups of rats were exposed to trimellitic anhydride by inhalation 6 hours per day for 2, 6, or 10 days at 100 micrograms/m3 and compared to a control group exposed to filtered air. The IgG antibody response to TM-HB in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was measured with ELISA. IgG antibody levels to TM-HB rose significantly throughout the exposure. A positive correlation was found between IgG to TM-HB in serum and BAL fluid. In addition, this response in both serum and BAL fluid correlated with the IgG antibody response to TM-RSA. Cross-inhibition studies indicated the existence of shared antigenic determinants on TM-RSA and TM-HB. The IgG antibody to both antigens was specific for new antigenic determinants and not for the TM hapten. PMID- 3204254 TI - Cytologic changes in the nasal secretions during the immediate nasal response. AB - In 102 randomly selected patients with allergic rhinitis caused by immediate hypersensitivity, nasal provocation tests (NPTs) with allergens were evaluated by means of rhinomanometry, and cytologic examination of the nasal secretions (NSs) was performed. The cells in NS of 117 positive immediate nasal responses (INRs) and in 68 negative INRs, correlating with history and skin tests, and in 102 control challenges with phosphate-buffered saline were stained by modified May Grunwald-Giemsa, toluidine blue, and Hansel's method. The positive INR was accompanied by significant changes in the count of eosinophils (increase followed by decrease) in 67% of neutrophils (decrease followed by increase) in 40%, goblet cells (increase followed by decrease) in 41%, and basophils (decrease) in 13% of the NSs. No significant changes in the count of other types of cells in the NSs were recorded during most of the cases of INR. No significant changes in the count of individual cell types in NSs were found during most cases of negative INR. During the phosphate-buffered saline control challenges, the individual cell types appeared irregularly, and no significant changes in their count were recorded in any patient. The cytologic examination of NS, evoked by allergen, appears therefore to be a valuable supplementary diagnostic parameter for nasal allergy. The repeated counting of eosinophils in NS, before and after allergen challenge, appears to be the best way to discriminate between positive and negative nasal responses, since the eosinophils demonstrated significant changes in their count during 67% of the positive and only 11% of the negative INRs. PMID- 3204255 TI - Specific immunotherapy with a standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. II. Prediction of efficacy of immunotherapy. AB - House dust mites of the species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) represent one of the major allergens inducing asthma. However, a strict allergy to Dpt is not always observed in Dpt-allergic patients, since nonallergic and other allergic triggering factors often coexist. It was suggested that specific immunotherapy with house dust-mite extracts is more effective in children than in adults. A controlled study was undertaken in 215 Dpt-allergic patients with asthma ranging in age from 3 to 72 years (mean +/- SD, 28.2 +/- 10.9 years) to investigate parameters that might predict the efficacy of specific immunotherapy before it is started; 171 patients received a rush immunotherapy protocol with a standardized Dpt extract and, subsequently, maintenance injections with 3000 BU of this extract, and 44 patients served as a control group. Before immunotherapy, all patients had a complete evaluation of the severity of asthma by symptom medication scores and a pulmonary function test, as well as a study of other triggering factors by checking on seasonal and perennial allergens, sinusitis, and other possible causes, such as aspirin intolerance; 196 patients were investigated between 9 and 12 months after the onset of the survey by means of pulmonary function tests and symptom-medication scores. Medications were adapted according to peak flow rates. It was observed that patients with chronic sinusitis, and/or aspirin intolerance, and/or other perennial allergies did not benefit from specific immunotherapy; therefore, the treatment of a major etiologic factor did not demonstrate improvement in the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3204257 TI - Ultrastructural changes in human skin mast cells during antigen-induced degranulation in vivo. AB - Human skin mast cells were degranulated in vivo by intradermal injection of antigen. Biopsy specimens of control and stimulated skin were obtained at 5 minutes, again at 10 to 15 minutes, and analyzed by electron microscopy. Degranulation, defined as dissolution of granule contents and swelling in at least 20% of secretory granules of mast cells was observed in one third of mast cells at 5 minutes and in nearly two thirds of mast cells at 10 to 15 minutes, but was absent in biopsy specimens of control subjects. Anaphylactic degranulation was characterized by extensive fusion of granules to form degranulation channels, fusion of channels with the cell membrane to form large pores, and exocytosis of amorphous or fibrillar granule matrix into the connective tissue. Extruded secretory granules of skin mast cells persist for at least 15 minutes in the connective tissues, in apparent contrast to the process of in vivo degranulation in nasal and lung mast cells. PMID- 3204256 TI - Characterization of allergens from spores of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. AB - Crude extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus spores obtained from a single local source were fractionated by gel filtration to resolve the allergenic components. The fraction pool corresponding to 10.5 to 25 kd molecular weight contained allergenic activity as demonstrated by both RAST and skin testing. Similar results were obtained with extracts from spores that originated in four other areas and with extracts prepared from P. sajor-caju spores obtained from commercially produced caps. The RAST-active fraction was further separated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). HIC fraction pools were assayed for allergen(s) by RAST inhibition and immunoblotting of isoelectric focused polyacrylamide gels. RAST-inhibition data indicated that the allergen(s) was reversibly bound to the HIC column, eluting with 2, 1, and 0.15 mol/L of buffered salt solutions. After electrofocusing, these fractions yielded 15, 12, and 11 Coomassie brilliant blue-staining bands, respectively. IgE binding occurred with 7, 8, and 6 of these bands, as revealed by radiostaining of the immunoblots. These procedures help identify P. ostreatus spore allergens and allow a greater degree of standardization in the preparation of allergen extracts from basidiospores for use in diagnosis and therapy of fungal allergy. PMID- 3204258 TI - Elder care: ethical dimensions. PMID- 3204260 TI - Health teaching strategies in a day hospital. PMID- 3204259 TI - The elderly and COPD. PMID- 3204261 TI - Key to healthy aging: exercise. PMID- 3204262 TI - Factors affecting central inspiratory modulation of hypoglossal motoneuron activity in newborn pigs. AB - In newborn pigs (4-6 days old), recordings of efferent whole hypoglossal and phrenic nerve discharges were obtained during hyperoxia (or normoxia) and during hypoxia, before and after bilateral vagotomy. With intact vagi, spontaneous hypoglossal inspiratory activity was not observed and was not elicited by either spontaneous changes of electroencephalogram (EEG) or hypoxic stimulation (15% O2 in N2). After bilateral vagotomy, some animals had episodes of spontaneous hypoglossal inspiratory activity; power spectral analysis of EEG demonstrated that this inspiratory activity appeared synchronously with shifts of major peaks in EEG spectra from the delta band (0.5-3.5 Hz) to the theta band (3.5-7.0 Hz). Hypoglossal inspiratory discharges were also elicited by hypoxic stimulation and usually had a decrementing discharge pattern; in some cases, this activity had an augmenting discharge pattern. Our results suggest that hypoglossal motoneurons are poorly modulated by central inspiratory drive, requiring additional facilitatory influences, i.e. corticobulbar, intra-bulbar, chemical drive, before such modulation is observed. PMID- 3204263 TI - Lipoproteins of the newborn rat. Reciprocal development of low density lipoproteins and apoprotein E-rich high density lipoproteins. AB - Plasma lipids increase sharply with the onset of suckling in the neonatal rat. Much of the variation has been attributed to the high fat content of milk. Apoproteins AI, E and AIV were found in low concentrations in the fetus. They increased during suckling. Apoprotein E and apoprotein AIV did not exceed adult values whereas apoprotein AI concentration in the late suckling period was twice that of the adult. On the contrast, fetal apoprotein B was nearly 2.5-fold above adult concentration and was under the form of LDL, the main lipoprotein class in the late fetal period. Apoprotein B concentration decreased progressively as LDL was replaced by an apoprotein E-rich HDL. The latter class constituted an important transitory cholesterol carrier during the shift from the neonatal lipoprotein pattern dominated by LDL to the typical adult pattern in which HDL are predominant. Lack of active cholesterol ester transfer protein is believed to be one of the reasons for low LDL concentration in adult rats. However, in vitro incubation of radioactively-labelled HDL cholesteryl esters with rat plasma demonstrated that the juveniles' lipoprotein depleted plasma induced as little transfer of the label from HDL to lower density lipoproteins as that of the adult. Thus a transient cholesteryl ester transfer activity could not have contributed to the composition of the LDL pool in the fetus and the early suckling rat. It is more likely that LDL are secreted directly by the liver. Each apolipoprotein exhibited a characteristic developmental pattern different from that of adult rats fed hyperlipidic diets. It therefore appears that each apoprotein is controlled independently by a combination of programmed ontogenic development and nutritional factors leading to the progressive establishment of the adult lipoprotein profile. PMID- 3204264 TI - Continuous measurement of biparietal distance in the intact and hypophysectomized fetal sheep using ultrasound. AB - Piezoelectric transducers were implanted into the parietal bones of intact (n = 4) and hypophysectomized (n = 8) fetal sheep of approximately 110-120 days gestational age (term 145-150 days). Intertransducer distance was determined by measuring the time taken for an ultrasonic pulse, generated by one transducer, to elicit a piezoelectric response in an opposing transducer. The limit of sensitivity of the timer was +/- 0.033 microsec. The ultrasonic velocity through fetal sheep brain tissue was 1549.6 +/- 2.2 m.s-1 (SEM; n = 33). This velocity remained constant throughout the entire period studied in both intact and hypophysectomized fetuses. At this velocity, the sensitivity of the measuring device was +/- 0.05mm. The ultrasonic transit time was measured daily between 0900 and 1100h until term in all fetuses. Three hypophysectomized fetuses were allowed to remain in utero until day 163 of gestation. The mean biparietal distance growth rate prior to day 135 for the intact and hypophysectomized fetuses was 0.25 +/- 0.03 and 0.27 +/- 0.025 mm/day respectively. These values were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05). A significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in growth rate was detected in both experimental groups between days 135 and 147 and was more pronounced in the sham (0.05 +/- 0.04 mm/day) than in the hypophysectomized (0.14 +/- 0.03 mm/day) group. However, the growth rate of the sham animals after day 135 was not significantly different from that of the hypophysectomized animals. In the three hypophysectomized fetuses killed at day 163 the biparietal distance growth was maintained at 0.12 +/- 0.005 mm/day. We conclude that fetal biparietal distance growth is pituitary independent from day 110 of gestation and that this technique for measuring distance is a valid and extremely accurate method for the continuous measurement of this parameter of fetal growth and may have further applications in other areas of growth research. PMID- 3204266 TI - Medical management of AIDS. PMID- 3204265 TI - Effects of histamine on vascular resistance and protein permeability in the isolated dually perfused guinea-pig placenta. AB - The possibility that histamine can affect both the vascular resistance and permeability of the isolated dually perfused guinea-pig placenta has been investigated. Change from control to histamine (2.7 x 10(-4)M) perfusion of the fetal circulation elicited a significant (P less than 0.01, paired 't' test) maximum increase of 1.17 +/- 0.14 (SEM) kPa in fetal perfusion pressure 3 min later, representing a 33% rise. This vasoconstriction was completely blocked by the H1 antagonist diphenhydramine (10(-4)M) but not by the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (10(-4)M). In the same experiments the clearance (calculated as the ratio of fetal to maternal perfusate concentration times fetal flow-rate) of a macromolecular tracer, anionic horseradish peroxidase from the maternal to fetal circulation was significantly increased (P less than 0.05, paired 't' test) when steady state (15-20 min of perfusion) values were compared, from 5.9 +/- 1.7 (SEM) microliter min-1 placenta-1 to 12.9 +/- 3.5 (SEM) microliter min-1 placenta 1 (n = 20) for control and histamine respectively. By contrast the steady state clearance (calculated as before) of a smaller hydrophilic tracer, 51Cr-EDTA, was not significantly affected, being 587 +/- 59 (SEM) microliter min-1 placenta-1 in control and 587 +/- 55 (SEM) microliter min-1 placenta-1 (n = 20) with histamine perfusion. When histamine was perfused simultaneously with an H1 or H2 antagonist there was no change in anionic horseradish peroxidase clearance. Electron microscopy of placentas perfused with histamine failed to reveal any obvious alteration in morphology or anionic horseradish peroxidase localisation as compared to placenta perfused without histamine. This study thus demonstrates that histamine may cause changes in the macromolecular permeability of the placenta as well as vasoconstriction of the placental vasculature. PMID- 3204267 TI - Caring for the patient with AIDS. An integrated approach. AB - Caring for patients with AIDS poses new and serious challenges for the medical care system, particularly the hospital. Stresses associated with the care of AIDS patients are generated by the medical complexities of the disease, by the stigma attached to the disease and the patients affected, and by the often overwhelming psychosocial support requirements. These stresses and concerns about the cost of AIDS care have contributed to apprehension about AIDS involvement on the part of many in the health care system. This paper addresses these concerns from the perspective of San Francisco General Hospital, which has developed what many consider to be a model of care in which comprehensive medical management is combined with cost effectiveness in a setting where much of the care is conducted in an outpatient and community-based setting. PMID- 3204268 TI - Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in brucellosis. AB - Renal function was assessed in 270 patients with brucellosis. In 58 consecutive patients of this total, plasma and urinary osmolality and urinary sodium excretion as well as adrenal and thyroid functions were measured prospectively. Results of these measurements satisfy criteria for the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Such inappropriate secretion explains the asymptomatic hyponatraemia observed in our patients. The hyponatraemia together with the usual haematological findings and cellular derangement of the liver may be useful in the differential diagnosis of brucellosis which should be considered as one of the clinical conditions leading to SIADH. PMID- 3204269 TI - Does isolation of patients with infections induce mental illness? AB - Forty-one patients admitted into single-bedded isolation cubicles in an infectious diseases unit were assessed for evidence of mental disturbance. By use of the Crown-Crisp Experimental Index as a measure of mental state, the scores for somatic anxiety, free floating anxiety, and the total score were found to be significantly raised on admission, falling towards those found in a control general practice population by the time of discharge from hospital. Higher scores were associated with a past history of mental illness. There was, however, no statistical correlation between the psychological indices and consumption of alcohol, smoking, or patient's sex. Clinically apparent behavioural disturbance, mainly anxiety and agitation, was seen in 12 patients. Overall, patients expressed a preference for single rooms and did not find the isolation rituals disconcerting. The findings indicate that anxiety in patients with acute infections is more related to their illness and referral to hospital than to their imposed isolation. Only those patients with a past psychiatric history are likely to benefit from transfer to an open ward during convalescence. PMID- 3204270 TI - Acute sixth nerve palsy following vaccination. PMID- 3204271 TI - The ideal undergraduate curriculum in leprosy. PMID- 3204272 TI - Adenosine deaminase activity in leprosy (a preliminary study). AB - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was studied in 25 patients having different types of leprosy and 25 healthy volunteer as control. There was definite rise of ADA activity in BL (72.9 +/- 6.85), LL (56.7 +/- 3.35) and BT (39.1 +/- 8.28) which was statistically significant when compared to ADA activity in healthy control (9.7 +/- 0.53). PMID- 3204273 TI - A follow up study of borderline tuberculoid leprosy under sulphone monotherapy. AB - A retrospective study is presented herewith of 94 cases classified as BT and treated with sulphone monotherapy. A system of scoring based on the number and extent of lesions, and nerve involvement was followed. It was observed that cases with a clinical score of 2 or having more than 15 lesions or patients with extensive lesions covering 3 or more of 7 sectors of the body had a bad prognosis in respect of time taken for subsidence, occurrence of deformities and most importantly occurrence of relapses. Hence it is suggested that such cases should be considered as Multibacillary and treated as such, despite bacteriological findings which may be either negative or a bacteriological positivity of less than 2 at any one site. PMID- 3204274 TI - Leprosy deformities. I. An epidemiological study in a rural area of Rajasthan. AB - Leprosy deformities have been the cause of dehabilitation, destitution and social ostracism. Present study was planned and conducted in a rural area situated in eastern districts of Rajasthan. Out of 426 cases of leprosy, ninety cases were found suffering with deformities. The influences of various host factors and disease factors, in causation of deformities have been discussed. PMID- 3204275 TI - Primary hyperpigmented cutaneous lesions in tuberculoid leprosy. AB - Two cases of tuberculoid leprosy with primary hyperpigmented anaesthetic lesions are reported and subject is reviewed. PMID- 3204276 TI - Undernutrition and lepromatous leprosy. Serum vitamin A and E levels in leprosy spectrum. AB - Serum vitamins A and E were estimated by spectrophotocolorimetric methods in 67 leprosy patients comprising 9 BT, 10 BB, 15 BL, 27 LL, including 12 Histoid cases. These findings were evaluated in comparison to 55 normal subjects serving as controls. A significant reductions in the mean serum levels of Vitamins 'A' and 'E' were observed in the leprosy groups as compared to normal controls. These findings are of considerable importance and need to be taken note of in the light of delineating these alterations to the cause or effect of the disease. As far as we know, this is the first report describing serum levels of Vitamins 'A' and 'E' in the leprosy spectrum. PMID- 3204277 TI - Multidrug therapy in hospitalised leprosy cases. AB - Fifty eight cases including 44 paucibacillary and 14 multibacillary leprosy diagnosed at Command Hospital SC Pune were hospitalised for the entire period of multidrug therapy. 76% cases belonged to high endemic states of India. Reactions occurred in 13 cases during treatment, type I in 10 and type II in three. 7 Multibacillary cases experienced reaction. 69% reaction patients developed reaction within two months of starting MDT and all of them were multibacillary. Usually it took 3-6 months for majority (61.5%) of reactions subside completely. In 65.5% paucibacillary patients activity subsided within twelve months, however 70.5% paucibacillary cases took more than six months to exhibit subsidence of activity. In 13 multibacillary cases activity subsided by 18 months though bacteriological negativity was obtained from fourth to twelve months. PMID- 3204278 TI - Male gonads in leprosy--a clinico-pathological study. AB - Sixty male leprosy patients (mean age 27.2 +/- 5.04 years) selected at random, were studied for gonadal involvement with the mean duration of illness 4.17 +/- 3.27 years. Only lerpomatous and borderline leprosy cases developed testicular and epididymal changes. Testicular pain and/or swelling (lepromatous 62.5%, borderline 30%) was the main presenting feature. Altered sexual function was observed in 34(56.6%) cases, and 11 patients revealed altered sexual hair pattern. Gynecomastia was seen in 9 cases. Reduced testicular size along with its soft feeling was present in 25% of cases while no testicular sensation was felt in 8 (13.3%) cases, and impaired testicular sensation in 9 (15%) of them. Spermogram revealed azoospermia in 19 (35%) and oligospermia in 16 (26.6%) cases. Histo-pathology revealed evidences of leprous pathology irrespective of testicular size, semen picture and clinical manifestations. There was marked variation in histopathological findings in testes and hence it was difficult to categorise them into vascular, interstitial and obliterative phase. PMID- 3204279 TI - 'Flu' syndrome on once monthly rifampicin. AB - Two cases of 'flu' syndrome on once monthly rifampicin are reported. The symptoms were reproduced in one patient with the next supervised dose. In the second patient they did not recur probably because she was receiving systemic steroids for left ulnar neuritis. PMID- 3204280 TI - Suicide with dapsone. AB - A case of suicide with dapsone is reported in a female medico chemical analysis report confirmed it to be death due to dapsone. Management in case of dapsone poisoning is also discussed. PMID- 3204281 TI - [Surgical correction in coarctation of the aorta beyond infancy]. PMID- 3204282 TI - [Evaluation of coronary arterial diseases and left ventricular function in cases of vascular disease]. PMID- 3204283 TI - [Postoperative management of Fontan procedure]. PMID- 3204284 TI - [Treatment of bronchopleural fistula and empyema after pulmonary resection]. PMID- 3204285 TI - [In vitro assessment of bioprosthetic valve performance with the concentric creep of the stent post]. PMID- 3204286 TI - [The evaluation of the effect of surgical repair on the left ventricular function of mitral stenosis--the analysis of the left ventricular functional reserve by dynamic exercise echocardiography]. PMID- 3204287 TI - [The influence of thoracotomy on the chest wall movement--difference between intercostal thoracotomy and median sternotomy]. PMID- 3204288 TI - [Clinical studies of the distribution of pulmonary blood flow at rest and with exercise in mitral stenosis in connection with the reversibility of the pulmonary vascular lesion]. PMID- 3204289 TI - [Surgical results of bronchiectasis--effect of postoperative residual bronchiectatic lesions on long-term results]. PMID- 3204290 TI - [Prospect of early postoperative hemodynamics after modified Fontan procedure in tricuspid atresia]. PMID- 3204291 TI - [The surgical treatment of the aortic arch dissection]. PMID- 3204292 TI - [The changes in coagulation factor XIII after open heart surgery]. PMID- 3204293 TI - [Simultaneous surgery of WPW syndrome combined with acquired valvular disease]. PMID- 3204295 TI - [The effect of "pulsation" on vascular resistance during extracorporeal circulation--experimental study based on the quantification of pulsatile flow curve]. PMID- 3204294 TI - [Pulmonary artery banding in simple transposition of the great arteries to prepare the left ventricle for anatomic correction]. PMID- 3204296 TI - [Intraoperative echography in the imaging of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 3204297 TI - [The reconstruction surgery of the thoracic skeleton with the homologous rib transplantation]. PMID- 3204298 TI - [The mechanical characteristics and the effects of the circulatory support of left ventricular copulsation in ischemic heart canine preparation--an experimental study]. PMID- 3204299 TI - [Assessment of morphological mitral valve severity on of operative procedure using two-dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 3204300 TI - [Systemic-pulmonary shunt for tetralogy of Fallot--analysis for optimal shunt flow]. PMID- 3204301 TI - [The consideration of multiple organ failure following open-heart surgery to valvular disease]. PMID- 3204302 TI - [A case report of successful surgical treatment in a patient with Taussig-Bing anomaly and coarctation of the aorta by multiple staged approaches]. PMID- 3204303 TI - [A case of spontaneous esophageal rupture treated with pedicled omental graft]. PMID- 3204304 TI - [A case of benign metastasizing leiomyoma with pulmonary metastases]. PMID- 3204305 TI - [Case report of undergoing 3 times mitral valve replacement in prosthetic valve endocarditis]. PMID- 3204306 TI - [Radiotherapy of the pineal region tumors--analysis of the treatment technique]. PMID- 3204307 TI - [Clinical study of combination chemotherapy with CDDP, ADM and CPM for ovarian cancer]. PMID- 3204308 TI - [Evaluation of chemosensitivity of gynecological cancer cell lines by the subrenal capsule assay]. PMID- 3204309 TI - [Clinical values of estrogen receptor (ER) as a prognostic factor in breast cancer]. PMID- 3204310 TI - [CDDP concentration of bladder tumors--comparison between intraarterial infusion and intravenous infusion]. PMID- 3204311 TI - [A study on estrogen receptor in human breast cancer by specific monoclonal antibody]. PMID- 3204312 TI - [Transcatheter arterial embolization in cases of recurrent and/or advanced gynecologic cancer]. PMID- 3204313 TI - [Selective intra-arterial administration of a high dose of CDDP in combination with plasmapheresis]. PMID- 3204314 TI - [Combined modality therapy of gastrointestinal neoplasms]. PMID- 3204315 TI - [Nutritional management as adjuvant cancer therapy]. PMID- 3204316 TI - [Application of new imaging technics in the diagnosis of cancer]. PMID- 3204317 TI - [Evaluation of reduction surgery]. PMID- 3204318 TI - [Treatment of hormone-dependent cancer--recent progress and problems]. PMID- 3204319 TI - [The characteristics of cancer discovered during mass examination]. PMID- 3204320 TI - [Chemotherapy based on the mechanisms of actions of antineoplastic agents]. PMID- 3204321 TI - [Targeting chemotherapy of cancer]. PMID- 3204322 TI - [Recent advances in tumor markers]. PMID- 3204323 TI - [Temporal muscle proprioceptors involved in evoking jaw-tongue reflex]. PMID- 3204324 TI - [Influence of denture base material used for palate on mechanical properties of upper complete denture]. PMID- 3204325 TI - [Dental office contamination during dental treatment]. PMID- 3204326 TI - [Effect of subgingival plaque control by a direct irrigation technic. I. The clinical and microbiological changes after the irrigation with distilled water or 1/30 diluted iodine complex solution]. PMID- 3204327 TI - 20th century demerits: 21st century merits in medicine. PMID- 3204328 TI - Illusion in medicine: the case for the Elliott Wave Principle. AB - A review of infectious diseases and other conditions, as reported over a period of months to many years, shows that our attempt to forecast peaks and troughs of disease activity fails more often than not. A technique used to discern and count rising and falling waves of disease activity (also employed in stock markets and known there as the Elliott Wave Principle) provides a novel approach for better understanding of outbreaks of disease and the attitude of health professionals in response. Thirteen figures demonstrate the approach in action. PMID- 3204329 TI - Hemolytic anemia and susceptibility to hydrogen-peroxide hemolysis in children with vitamin E-deficiency and chronic liver disease. AB - Thirty-four children, aged 1-14 years, with severe chronic liver disease were studied to determine the incidence of chronic hemolytic anemia and the mechanism underlying it. Sixteen children were grouped as vitamin E-deficient patients (Group I, serum vitamin E level below 5.0 micrograms/ml) and compared with 18 vitamin E-sufficient children (Group II) and 20 healthy controls. Group I patients had a significantly lower hemoglobin level (11.6 +/- 0.4 g/dl) when compared with Group II (12.9 +/- 0.4 g/dl, less than 0.05), their RBC's were less resistant to H2O2-induced hemolysis (53.1 +/- 8.0% in Group I, vs. 1.07 +/- 0.23% in Group II), and the average hemolysis correlated with serum vitamin E levels. H2O2-induced hemolysis reverted to normal in five patients after vitamin E therapy. With respect to controls, cirrhotic children in both groups showed a slight increase in total RBC membrane lipids, but no difference in either phospholipid content or in cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio that could have changed RBC membrane properties and sensitivity to lysis. In our experience, vitamin E-deficient cirrhotics have a slight degree of chronic hemolytic anemia and their RBC's are much more sensitive to H2O2 lysis, although this abnormal lysis susceptibility does not seem apparently related to membrane peroxidation. PMID- 3204330 TI - Cyanide and thiocyanate blood levels in patients with renal failure or respiratory disease. AB - Whole blood cyanide and plasma thiocyanate were measured by a headspace gas chromatographic method and a colorimetric method, respectively, in 16 healthy subjects, in 10 patients with respiratory disease and in 12 patients on chronic dialysis for renal failure. In healthy subjects, whole blood cyanide and plasma thiocyanate concentrations were significantly higher in smokers (1.8 +/- 0.4 mumol/l; 206 +/- 74 mumol/l) than in non-smokers (0.8 +/- 0.4 mumol/l; 74 +/- 19 mumol/l). In renal failure patients on hemodialysis, no difference was noted in cyanide levels (0.6 +/- 0.4 mumol/l), but there was a significant increase in plasma thiocyanate levels during the interdialysis period (62 +/- 24 mumol/l; 91 +/- 24 mumol/l). No difference in cyanide and thiocyanate levels of patients with respiratory disease was seen, in agreement with a weak pulmonary elimination of cyanide. PMID- 3204331 TI - Forms of hepatic failure in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - Four pathophysiological types of hepatic failure suffered by 59 patients with liver cirrhosis were defined: chronic-recurrent type (Group A), acute exacerbation of chronic (Group B), post-operative type (Group C) and terminal type (Group D). The etiological, clinical and prognostic characteristics of the four types of hepatic failure were examined. More patients of Group C were seen in recent years than former years, but the opposite trend was observed in Group D. Direct causes or precipitating factors of hepatic failure differed depending upon the type of hepatic failure. Mortality rates were higher than 80% in the acute types of hepatic failure (Groups B, C and D), but were 50% in the chronic type (Group A). The association of multiple organ failure was frequently observed in Groups C (67%) and D (39%). Lactulose, nonabsorbable antibiotics and branched chain amino acid solutions were used in combination for the treatment of patients of Groups A and D, with rates of arousal from encephalopathy of 75% and 29%, respectively. Even though further therapeutic maneuvers for acute hepatic failure were employed in Groups B and C, only low arousal rates of 38% and 27%, respectively, were obtained. PMID- 3204332 TI - Muscular mechanisms of snake locomotion: an electromyographic study of the sidewinding and concertina modes of Crotalus cerastes, Nerodia fasciata and Elaphe obsoleta. AB - Synchronized electromyography and cinematography were used to determine the muscle activity of colubroid snakes during sidewinding and concertina locomotion. The primary muscles studied were the three largest, most superficial epaxial muscles: the Mm. semispinalis-spinalis, longissimus dorsi and iliocostalis. Sidewinding locomotion of Nerodia fasciata and Crotalus cerastes was the result of continuous posterior propagation of contractile blocks consisting of several adjacent muscle segments. During sidewinding, the activity of the M. longissimus dorsi and M. iliocostalis was primarily unilateral, beginning when a body region was convex and ending when it was maximally concave on the side of the active muscle. Unilateral activity of the M. semispinalis-spinalis correlated with lateral flexion in addition to bilateral activity that correlated with dorsiflexion of the vertebral column. During concertina locomotion of N. fasciata and Elaphe obsoleta, muscle activity also involved blocks of several simultaneously active adjacent muscle segments, but all major activity was unilateral and was not propagated posteriorly in a simple continuous fashion. Muscle activity during concertina locomotion correlated either with lateral flexion towards the side of the active muscle or with the maintenance of static contact with the sides of a tunnel. The number of simultaneously active adjacent muscle segments and the maximum duration of continuous muscle activity varied significantly between Nerodia and Elaphe and among the different widths of tunnels. Theoretical considerations combined with observed differences suggest that the more elongate body of Elaphe is advantageous for performing concertina locomotion. There was no consistent evidence that nonhomologous muscles with tendinous interconnections functioned as single units during either of these two locomotor modes. Although individual segments of the studied epaxial muscles span several vertebrae, via long, tendinous connections, consistent kinematic correlations with muscle activity were observed only between the contractile portion of a muscle segment and the vertebrae adjacent to that contractile portion. PMID- 3204333 TI - Kangaroo rat locomotion: design for elastic energy storage or acceleration? AB - Mechanical stresses (force/cross-sectional area) acting in muscles, tendons and bones of the hindlimbs of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) were calculated during steady-speed hops and vertical jumps. Stresses were determined from both high-speed cine films (light and X-ray) and force plate recordings, as well as from in vivo tendon force recordings. Stresses in each hindlimb support element during hopping (1.6-3.1 m s-1) were generally only 33% of those acting during jumping (greater than or equal to 40 cm height): ankle extensor muscles, 80 +/- 12 (S.D.) versus 297 +/- 42 kPa; ankle extensor tendons, 7.9 +/- 1.5 versus 32.7 +/- 4.8 MPa; tibia, -29 +/- 5 versus -110 +/- 25 MPa (all values are for hopping versus jumping). The magnitude of stress in each structure during these locomotor activities was similarly matched to the strength of each element, so that a consistent safety factor to failure is achieved for the hindlimb as a whole (1.5 2.0). The large stresses during jumping were correlated with a three-fold increase in ground reaction forces exerted on the ground compared with the fastest steady hopping speeds. We conclude that, for its size, the kangaroo rat has disproportionately large hindlimb muscles, tendons and bones to withstand the large forces associated with rapid acceleration to avoid predation, which limits their ability to store and recover elastic strain energy. Middle ear morphology and behavioural observations of kangaroo rats jumping vertically to avoid predation by owls and rattlesnakes support this view. PMID- 3204334 TI - Classical conditioning alters the efficacy of identified gill motor neurones in producing gill withdrawal movements in Aplysia. AB - In a semi-intact preparation of Aplysia californica Cooper, classical conditioning training leads to changes in the synaptic strength at the sensory motor neurone synapse. However, these changes are neither necessary nor sufficient to bring about the observed behavioural changes of the gill withdrawal reflex. We therefore tested whether the ability of a gill motor neurone to elicit a gill withdrawal response was altered following classical conditioning training of the reflex. We found that following classical conditioning training, the ability of a gill motor neurone to elicit a gill withdrawal response was significantly potentiated. In addition, in control preparations which did not receive classical conditioning training, the ability of a gill motor neurone to elicit a gill response was decreased. Thus, associative learning of this reflex appears to involve alteration in neuronal activity at loci distal to the sensory motor neurone synapse. PMID- 3204335 TI - Ultrastructure, morphology and organization of biogenic magnetite from sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka: implications for magnetoreception. AB - Although ferromagnetic material has been detected in the tissues of a variety of animals that are known or suspected to respond to magnetic fields, in only a few cases has the material been identified and its suitability for use in magnetoreception been determined. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), we have studied magnetic particles isolated from ethmoid tissue of the sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Low-magnification electron micrographs showed chains containing up to 58 (median = 21-25) electron-dense particles that were held together by intimately attached organic material. The particle size range was 25-60 nm with a mean of 48 nm and a standard deviation of 8.5 nm. Elemental analysis, by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), electron diffraction patterns and HRTEM lattice images, showed that many of the particles were structurally well-ordered and crystallographically single-domain magnetite. These results imply that the production of the biomineral is under precise biological control. The crystal morphology was cubo-octahedral with the (111) faces of adjacent crystals lying perpendicular to the chain axis. The magnetic moments of the particles will therefore be aligned along the chain axis and will sum to produce a total moment dependent on the number of particles present in each chain. In the presence of the geomagnetic field, the mean moment for the particles will give a magnetic to thermal energy ratio of about 0.2. The corresponding calculations for individual chains gave two clusters of ratios ranging between 2.7 and 5.3 and between 6.6 and 9.5. The implications of these results in the possible use of the particles in magnetoreception are discussed. PMID- 3204336 TI - Predominance of vagal bradycardia mechanism in the brain stem of turtles. AB - Cardiovascular parameters of spontaneously breathing pond turtles (Cyclemys flavomarginata) anaesthetized with chloralose (4 mg 100 g-1) and urethane (40 mg 100 g-1), were examined during exploratory electrical stimulation of the brain stem. Turtles exhibited a low mean systemic arterial blood pressure (MSAP, average 25 mmHg) and slow heart rate (average 24 beats min-1). Upon stimulation, pressor (sympathetic), depressor (sympathetic inhibition), bradycardia and hypotensive (vagal) responses were elicited from regions of the brain stem extending from the hypothalamus to the medulla, principally in the medial region. The pressor response appeared after a longer latency than did the bradycardia and hypotensive responses. It developed rather slowly, and rarely attained a magnitude double its resting value. In contrast, stimulation of many points in the brain stem produced marked slowing or even cessation of the heart beat, and thus resulted in an immediate fall of the blood pressure even to zero. This cardio-inhibitory response depended on the integrity of the vagus nerves and was particularly marked upon stimulation in the caudal medulla, the areas of the ambiguus, solitary and dorsomotor nuclei of the vagus and the midline structures. When such an area was stimulated continuously the heart stopped beating throughout the stimulation. The longest period of cardiac arrest before the appearance of escape was 35 min. With continuous stimulation of the peripheral end of the cut vagus, the earliest escape beat occurred even later (65 min). Epinephrine given intravenously produced an increase of MSAP and force of cardiac contraction, although the slope of pressor rise was shallow. Reflex bradycardia, however, was not observed. These experiments show that a very prominent vagal bradycardia can be evoked from the turtle brain stem, which may contribute to its well-known capacity for tolerating anoxia. PMID- 3204337 TI - Motor activity in the stump of an amputated leg during free walking in cockroaches. AB - 1. A rhythmic pattern of motor activity was recorded in the stump of an amputated leg during free walking in cockroaches. 2. During relatively rapid walking, extensor (depressor) and flexor (elevator) muscles in the intact coxa of the amputated leg showed one burst of activity during each cycle of bursting in an adjacent, intact leg. However, during slower walking these muscles could show two or three bursts of activity during each cycle of bursting in an intact leg. 3. Motor bursts in the stump of an amputated leg showed features similar to those of bursts recorded from intact legs. Burst duration increased with an increase in period, and the bursts generally showed consistent timing (phase) relative to bursts in most of the intact legs. 4. The motor pattern recorded in a stump was very like that recorded in an intact leg during walking, and unlike that recorded during searching for a foothold (defined in the text). It is concluded that after the amputation of most of a leg, motor neurones innervating muscles in the stump of the amputated leg continue to be driven by the interneurones that normally drive the intact leg during walking. Analysis of the motor pattern in the stump may therefore reveal important features of the locomotor control system. PMID- 3204338 TI - Production of single-domain magnetite throughout life by sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. AB - Although single-domain particles of biogenic magnetite have been found in different species of pelagic fishes, nothing is known about when it is synthesized, or about whether the time during life when it is produced is correlated with the development of responses to magnetic field stimuli. We have investigated production of biogenic magnetite suitable for use in magnetoreception in different life stages of the sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum). Sockeye salmon were chosen because responses in orientation arenas to magnetic field stimuli have been demonstrated in both fry and smolt stages of this species. We found significant quantities of single-domain magnetite in connective tissue from the ethmoid region of the skull of adult (4 year-old) sockeye salmon. The ontogenetic study revealed an orderly increase in the amount of magnetic material in the same region of the skull but not in other tissues of sockeye salmon fry, yearlings and smolts. The physical properties of this material closely matched those of magnetite particles extracted from the ethmoid tissue of the adult fish. We suggest that single-domain magnetite particles suitable for use in magnetoreception are produced throughout life in the ethmoid region of the skull in sockeye salmon. Based on theoretical calculations, we conclude that there are enough particles present in the skulls of the fry to mediate their responses to magnetic field direction. By the smolt stage, the amount of magnetite present in the front of the skull is sufficient to provide the fish with a magnetoreceptor capable of detecting small changes in the intensity of the geomagnetic field. Other tissues of the salmon, such as the eye and skin, often contained ferromagnetic material, although the magnetizations of these tissues were usually more variable than in the ethmoid tissue. These deposits of unidentified magnetic material, some of which may be magnetite, appear almost exclusively in adults and so would not be useful in magnetoreception by young fish. We suggest that tissue from within the ethmoid region of the skull in pelagic fishes is the only site yet identified where magnetite suitable for use in magnetoreception is concentrated. PMID- 3204339 TI - Discussion of "Failure of Use of Cemental Annulations in Teeth to Determine the Age of Humans". PMID- 3204340 TI - Discussion of "Embolization of Cotton Pledgets Following Insertion of Porcine Cardiac Valve Bioprostheses". PMID- 3204341 TI - The present direction of research in forensic odontology. AB - Forensic odontology is receiving increased attention in the literature and has become a widely recognized field of expertise with broad ramifications. With this growth, research is needed to solve the most pressing problems of the discipline. The purpose of this paper is to identify current trends in research in forensic odontology. The review consisted of studies using the scientific method and reports of new techniques being tested. Also, abstracts from the annual meeting of the Odontology Section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences from 1980 to 1987 have been reviewed to determine the current areas of emphasis in forensic dentistry. PMID- 3204342 TI - A scanning electron microscopy and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EPMA) of pink teeth. AB - Samples of postmortem pink teeth were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Fracture surfaces of the dentin in pink teeth were noticeably rough and revealed many more smaller dentinal tubules than those of the control white teeth. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis showed that the pink teeth contained iron which seemed to be derived from blood hemoglobin. The present study confirms that under the same circumstance red coloration of teeth may occur more easily in the teeth in which the dentin is less compact and contains more dentinal tubules. PMID- 3204343 TI - Development of a radioimmunoassay technique for the detection of human hemoglobin in dried bloodstains. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for the detection of human hemoglobin in dried bloodstains for the purpose of forensic science species identification has been developed. Bloodstains from 13 animal species were tested and found to be negative for human blood. A minimum volume of 0.8 microL of fresh blood is required to produce sufficient stain for successful testing. Bloodstains prepared from newborn and sickle-cell bloods were determined to be human. Bloodstains ranging in age from 1 month to 6 years which had been maintained desiccated at 20 to 25 degrees C were also successfully tested. Positive results were obtained on human bloodstains stored at 24 degrees C with relative humidity ranging from 0 to 98% for a period of 3 weeks. Absolute counts per minute (CPM) decreased with increased humidity. Human bloodstains exposed to bacterial contamination (gram positive or negative species) under humid conditions for 2 weeks also tested positive. Bacterial contamination caused a decrease in CPM, but insufficient to result in an erroneous conclusion as to species of origin. Positive results were also obtained on human bloodstains stored for 6 weeks at various temperatures ranging from -16 to 37 degrees C. No significant decreases in CPM were noted for any of the temperature conditions described. PMID- 3204344 TI - Fast isoelectric focusing of some polymorphic proteins and enzymes in miniaturized gels using an automated system. AB - Optimal programs for the separation of polymorphic proteins and enzymes in miniaturized polyacrylamide gels using an automated system (PhastSystem) are described. The potential advantages and disadvantages of the method and its application to forensic science laboratories are discussed. PMID- 3204345 TI - Chromatographic and spectroscopic profiles of Cannabis of different origins: Part I. AB - High-resolution capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and mass spectrometry (GC and GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to establish complex chemical profiles (chemical signatures) of Cannabis samples of known origin. Over 100 compounds could be differentiated, including noncannabinoids (terpenes, alkanes) as well as minor and major cannabinoids and their acids. A characteristic peak pattern was found within a limited number of specimens of identical origin. Correlation studies on the basis of peak area ratios [A(x)/A(i.s.)] showed the feasibility of tracing Cannabis chemically to its country of origin. Several forensic science applications for the chromatographic and spectroscopic profiles of confiscated Cannabis samples are discussed, such as detection of additives (phencyclidine), differentiation of chemotypes, and monitoring of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) potency. PMID- 3204346 TI - Cardiac blood pH as a possible indicator of postmortem interval. AB - Postmortem changes in the pH of blood and selected tissues in rats were evaluated at intervals ranging from 2 min to 96 h. Cardiac blood pH was significantly and reproducibly decreased in all groups at all postmortem intervals, independent of the method of sacrifice used. A preliminary study using cardiac blood obtained at autopsy from a limited number (n = 11) of human subjects demonstrated a significant negative correlation (r = -0.908, P less than 0.01) between postmortem interval (range 2 to 20 h) and cardiac blood pH. PMID- 3204347 TI - Operational criteria for the determination of suicide. AB - Suicide is an important public health problem for which we have an inadequate public health database. In the United States, decisions about whether deaths are listed as suicides on death certificates are usually made by a coroner or medical examiner. These certification decisions are frequently marked by a lack of consistency and clarity, and laws and procedures for guiding these decisions vary from state to state and even from county to county. Without explicit criteria to aid in this decision making, coroners or medical examiners may be more susceptible to pressures from families or communities not to certify specific deaths as suicide. In addition, coroners or medical examiners may certify similar deaths differently at different times. The degree to which suicides may be underreported or misclassified is unknown. This makes it impossible to estimate accurately the number of deaths by suicide, to identify risk factors, or to plan and evaluate preventive interventions. To remedy these problems, a working group representing coroners, medical examiners, statisticians, and public health agencies developed operational criteria to assist in the determination of suicide. These criteria are based on a definition of suicide as "death arising from an act inflicted upon oneself with the intent to kill oneself." The purpose of these criteria is to improve the validity and reliability of suicide statistics by: (1) promoting consistent and uniform classifications; (2) making the criteria for decision making in death certification explicit; (3) increasing the amount of information used in decision making; (4) aiding certifiers in exercising their professional judgment; and (5) establishing common standards of practice for the determination of suicide. PMID- 3204348 TI - Causes of death of patients in an institution for the developmentally disabled. AB - The causes of death of 53 severely to profoundly developmentally disabled patients who died in an intermediate care facility were reviewed. Respiratory disease, predominantly pneumonia and aspiration, accounted for 72% of deaths. Seven patients died of nonrespiratory causes, and in 8 patients, no cause of death could be determined, even after a complete autopsy or investigation. The median age at death was 20 years. The weights of these patients' organs at autopsy were lower than those for normal individuals of the same age. The lifespan of these severely impaired individuals continues to be significantly shortened, even with improved methods of care. PMID- 3204349 TI - Regional study of free fatty acids and free carnitine behavior in cardiac tissue in relation to different causes of death. AB - The determination of free fatty acids (FFA) and free carnitine (FC) in seven different regions of the human heart has been done. The hearts used were classified into six groups according to the cause of death. The results show that these two parameters are useless in ascertaining the cause of death, although they can provide useful postmortem information about the duration of the agonal process. PMID- 3204350 TI - Autoerotic asphyxial death following television broadcast. AB - How individuals who engage in autoerotic asphyxial activities first become aware of its purported erotic potential is debated. The case of an adult male who died from autoerotic asphyxiation shortly after watching a television show that discussed sexual asphyxiation is reported. A request is made that medical examiners and coroners report other accidental autoerotic deaths that are temporally associated with this television broadcast. PMID- 3204351 TI - A case of panhypogammaglobulinemia masquerading as child abuse. AB - A case of panhypogammaglobulinemia in a 15-month old boy is presented. The child was followed at a local university teaching hospital for pneumonia, failure to thrive, and possible child abuse/neglect. Following minor trauma to the face, massive sepsis developed in the child. The mother was afraid to seek medical care because she was fearful of legal action against her. Upon the child's demise at home, police and medical examiner involvement ensued. The correct diagnosis was established at autopsy. PMID- 3204352 TI - Pheochromocytoma and sudden death as a result of cerebral infarction in Turner's syndrome: report of a case. AB - Various etiologies for hypertension in Turner's syndrome, a common feature of the disorder, are well recognized. Pheochromocytoma is not among them. A young woman with Turner's syndrome, recently diagnosed with hypertension, died suddenly and unexpectedly. A hemorrhagic cerebral infarct and an adrenal gland pheochromocytoma were found at necropsy. This is the first reported case of pheochromocytoma associated with Turner's syndrome. PMID- 3204354 TI - Amendment 10: some afterthoughts. PMID- 3204353 TI - An unusual variant of blood group A. AB - A blood specimen from a forensic science case appeared to violate Landsteiner's Rule. The red cells failed to react with anti-A, anti-B, or O serum while reacting strongly with Ulex europaeus lectin but not other anti-A lectins. The saliva from the person involved was found to contain both A and H blood group substances in a ratio of 4:1. The blood group was determined to be type Am. PMID- 3204356 TI - Thoughts on hemochromatosis. PMID- 3204355 TI - Private and public sectors form partnership to solve indigent maternity care crisis. PMID- 3204357 TI - Need for geriatric education urgent in Florida. PMID- 3204358 TI - Correlation of hormone receptors with histologic differentiation in ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3204359 TI - Hernia repair in the aged and infirmed. PMID- 3204360 TI - RBRVS--an internist's view. PMID- 3204361 TI - The Harvard RBRVS: is there a more appropriate relative value scale alternative? PMID- 3204362 TI - Organized medicine. PMID- 3204363 TI - Sodium-phosphate cotransport in human red blood cells. Kinetics and role in membrane metabolism. AB - Orthophosphate (Pi) uptake was examined in human red blood cells at 37 degrees C in media containing physiological concentrations of Pi (1.0-1.5 mM). Cells were shown to transport Pi by a 4,4'-dinitro stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DNDS) sensitive pathway (75%), a newly discovered sodium-phosphate (Na/Pi) cotransport pathway (20%), and a pathway linearly dependent on an extracellular phosphate concentration of up to 2.0 mM (5%). Kinetic evaluation of the Na/Pi cotransport pathway determined the K1/2 for activation by extracellular Pi ([Na]o = 140 mM) and extracellular Na [( Pi]o = 1.0 mM) to be 304 +/- 24 microM and 139 +/- 8 mM, respectively. The phosphate influx via the cotransport pathway exhibited a Vmax of 0.63 +/- 0.05 mmol Pi (kg Hb)-1(h)-1 at 140 mM Nao. Activation of Pi uptake by Nao gave Hill coefficients that came close to a value of 1.0. The Vmax of the Na/Pi cotransport varied threefold over the examined pH range (6.90-7.75); however, the Na/Pi stoichiometry of 1.73 +/- 0.15 was constant. The membrane transport inhibitors ouabain, bumetanide, and arsenate had no effect on the magnitude of the Na/Pi cotransport pathway. No difference was found between the rate of incorporation of extracellular Pi into cytosolic orthophosphate and the rate of incorporation into cytosolic nucleotide phosphates, but the rate of incorporation into other cytosolic organic phosphates was significantly slower. Depletion of intracellular total phosphorus inhibited the incorporation of extracellular Pi into the cytosolic nucleotide compartment; and this inhibition was not reversed by repletion of phosphorus to 75% of control levels. Extracellular 32Pi labeled the membrane-associated compounds that migrate on thin layer chromatography (TLC) with the Rf values of ATP and ADP, but not those of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), AMP, or Pi. DNDS had no effect on the level of extracellular phosphate incorporation or on the TLC distribution of Pi in the membrane; however, substitution of extracellular sodium with N-methyl-D-glucamine inhibited phosphorylation of the membranes by 90% and markedly altered the chromatographic pattern of the membrane-associated phosphate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3204364 TI - Dissociation of changes in apparent myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity and twitch relaxation induced by adrenergic and cholinergic stimulation in isolated ferret cardiac muscle. AB - In isolated, aequorin-injected ferret cardiac muscle we measured the apparent myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and its relationship to twitch relaxation time in the presence of autonomic perturbations. The Ca2+-tension relation was determined from the peak aequorin luminescence and peak twitch tension measured in muscles across a broad range of bathing [Ca2+] in the presence and absence of acetylcholine (ACh) (1 microM) or isoproterenol (ISN) (1 microM), or both drugs. ACh shifted the relationship of peak tension to (peak) aequorin light leftward, which suggests an increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, but it did not alter relaxation, which was measured as the time for peak tension to decay by 50% (t 1/2 R). ISN produced its previously documented effects, i.e., a rightward shift of the relationship of peak tension to peak aequorin light and a decrease in t1/2R. ACh abolished the ISN effect on the peak tension-aequorin light relationship but did not reverse the effect of ISN to decrease t1/2R. The effects of ACh and ISN of modulating the apparent myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in intact muscles, corroborate findings of previous studies in isolated myofibrillar preparations. However, these perturbations of myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in the intact muscle do not relate to twitch relaxation, measured as t1/2R, since (a) ACh affects the former but not the later and (b) the effect of ISN on the Ca2+ tension relationship is abolished by ACh, while the relaxant effect persists. PMID- 3204365 TI - Vertical transmission of woodchuck hepatitis virus. AB - One newborn and 24 fetal woodchuck litters from a woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) endemic population were examined for serological or hepatic evidence of WHV. In 18 of 24 fetal litters, there was detectable WHV DNA in the livers, either at explant culture or tissue extract. Most of those WHV DNA-positive liver extracts, which were examined by Southern blot, showed integration of WHV. However, WHV DNA replicative forms without integration were demonstrated in livers of two litters from late gestation. Woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen was detected in the sera of two other fetal litters from the late gestation period. WHV DNA was demonstrated in sera of three litters at different stages of ontogeny. PMID- 3204366 TI - Acute and chronic hepatitis delta virus infection: direct or indirect effect on hepatitis B virus replication? AB - In a large population of patients, chronic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection was usually associated with absence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. However, acute HDV superinfection progressing to chronic HDV infection in two hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive HBV carriers and coinfection in two other patients who progressed to chronic HBV (HBeAg-positive) and HDV infection was associated with continuing high-level HBV replication for several years. Thus HDV infection does not always inhibit HBV replication. The hypothesis that the different effects of HDV coinfection and superinfection on HBV replication may stem from variability in the capacity of the host to produce and respond to interferon is discussed. PMID- 3204367 TI - Epidemiology of delta infection in Spain. AB - The prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection was studied in 954 sera samples collected in Spain between 1974 and 1986 from 838 patients in a variety of epidemiological categories with HBsAg-positive liver disease, and from 116 haemophiliacs and drug addicts with hepatitis B antibodies. Hepatitis D markers were detected in 64% of drug addicts and 33% of HBsAg-positive haemophiliacs but were absent in asymptomatic chronic carriers, homosexual males, mentally retarded patients and haemodialysis patients. Hepatitis D markers were found in 6% of patients with acute hepatitis, in 5.6% of those with chronic hepatitis B from general population, and in 65% of those with acute hepatitis B and 67% of those with chronic hepatitis B among drug addicts. During the 12-year study, no changes were observed in the frequency of Delta infection. The prevalence was less than 10% in chronic HBsAg-positive hepatitis. These findings indicate that in Spain Delta infection is restricted mainly to HBsAg-positive drug addicts and multitransfused haemophiliacs, while in the general population only 6.7% of those with chronic hepatitis B show D superinfection. Anti-HD sera detection is correlated with more severe forms of chronic hepatitis such as chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis. PMID- 3204368 TI - Protection against neonatal rotavirus infection by breast milk antibodies and trypsin inhibitors. AB - The role of breast milk antirotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) and trypsin inhibitors in limiting the acquisition of rotavirus infection during the initial 5 days of life was evaluated among 42 exclusively breast-fed hospital-born infants, 22 of whom experienced rotavirus infection. The mean concentrations of antirotavirus IgA (ELISA Units) in the breast milk of mothers of the 22 rotavirus infected neonates was 130.4 +/- 46.4; the corresponding value in 20 noninfected neonates was 384.3 +/- 328.3 (P less than 0.001). Similarly, the trypsin inhibitory capacity (mumols/mt/ml) of breast milk in the rotavirus-infected group was significantly lower (0.109 +/- 0.095) than that in the noninfected group (0.376 +/- 0.191; P less than 0.001). The trypsin inhibitory capacity of milk showed an inverse correlation with infant stool tryptic activity (P less than 0.01). Our results indicate that the acquisition of rotavirus infection during the early neonatal period depends on the concentrations of antirotavirus IgA and trypsin inhibitors in human milk and that protection is mediated by high levels of these antiviral factors. PMID- 3204369 TI - AIDS: the development of social policy. PMID- 3204370 TI - Nursing research: how to prepare a competitive research grant application. PMID- 3204371 TI - Suicide in the elderly: a beginning investigation. PMID- 3204372 TI - An innovative health care model for management of teenage pregnancy. PMID- 3204373 TI - A description of the fathering experience among Black fathers. PMID- 3204374 TI - Acceptance of others, intolerance of ambiguity, and locus of control of nursing personnel surrounding care delivered at public and voluntary hospitals. PMID- 3204375 TI - Chemical studies on Mexican plants used in traditional medicine, V. Cucurbitacin glucosides from Cigarrilla mexicana. AB - The new cucurbitacin glucoside 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylcucurbitacin F 25-acetate and arvenin I were isolated from the more polar fractions of the MeOH extract of Cigarrilla mexicana. PMID- 3204376 TI - Antitumor principles in mosses: the first isolation and identification of maytansinoids, including a novel 15-methoxyansamitocin P-3. AB - A novel 15-methoxyansamitocin P-3 [2], in company with three known maytansinoids 1, 3, and 4, was isolated for the first time from two Japanese mosses, Isothecium subdiversiforme and Thamnobryum sandei. All are potent cytotoxic compounds. PMID- 3204377 TI - Chemical studies on mexican plants used in traditional medicine, VI. Additional new 4-phenylcoumarins from Exostema caribaeum. AB - Six additional 4-phenylcoumarins have been isolated from the MeOH extract of the bark of Exostema caribaeum. Their structures were determined by physical and chemical methods as 4'-5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin [1], 5,7,4'-trimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin [2], 5,3'-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxy-4 phenylcoumarin [3], 5-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-7,4'-dimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin [6], 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3',4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenylcoumarin+ ++ [7], and 5-O-(6"-acetyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-3', 4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4 phenylcoumarin [9]. The last four compounds are new natural products. PMID- 3204378 TI - Sesquiterpene furans and thiosesquiterpenes from the nudibranch Ceratosoma brevicaudatum. AB - Six furanosesquiterpenes have been isolated from an Australian nudibranch, Ceratosoma brevicaudatum, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis. The metabolites include the known terpenes dehydrodendrolasin [1], dehydrolasiosperman [3], and thiofurodysinin acetate [7]. The remaining metabolites were determined to be an unreported cis isomer 2 of dehydrodendrolasin, (methylthio) furodysinin [4], and dithiofurodysinin disulfide [5], derivatives of thiofurodysinin acetate that had been isolated earlier from a sponge. 13C-nmr data were obtained for all compounds. PMID- 3204379 TI - Metabolism of homoorientin by human intestinal bacteria. AB - As a part of our studies on the metabolism of bioactive compounds from oriental medicines by intestinal flora, homoorientin, a C-glycosylflavonoid, was anaerobically incubated with a human intestinal bacterial mixture. Homoorientin was transformed to 6-C-glucosyleriodictyol, (+/-)-eriodictyol, luteolin, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, and phloroglucinol. A novel cleavage of the C glycosyl bond was discovered for the first time by using intestinal bacteria. PMID- 3204380 TI - Biosynthesis of staurosporine, 1. 1H- and 13C-NMR assignments. AB - Complete and unambiguous assignments of the 1H- and 13C-nmr spectra of the potent antitumor antibiotic staurosporine have been accomplished using a combination of one- and two-dimensional nmr techniques, including one-bond and long-range heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence spectroscopy (HMQC). Staurosporine was found to be highly cytotoxic in the KB and P-388 assays but was inactive in the microtubulin assembly assay. PMID- 3204381 TI - Biosynthesis of staurosporine, 2. Incorporation of tryptophan. AB - Following studies to define the time course, media, and nutrient parameters for the production of the potent cytotoxic antibiotic staurosporine in Streptomyces staurosporeus, biosynthetic studies of staurosporine with singly- and doubly labeled radioactive precursors established that either one or two units of tryptophan was incorporated efficiently. From the 13C-nmr spectrum of staurosporine subsequent to stable isotope incorporation experiments, it was established that the aglycone moiety was derived from two units of tryptophan with the carbon skeleton incorporated intact. PMID- 3204382 TI - The biosynthetic origins of rebeccamycin. AB - Experimental evidence is presented to demonstrate that the antitumor-antibiotic rebeccamycin is biosynthesized by Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes from one unit of glucose, one of methionine, and two of tryptophan. Evidence is presented that suggests that the alpha-amino group of neither tryptophan unit provides the nitrogen of the phthalimide system. PMID- 3204383 TI - Models of retinoid metabolism: microbial biotransformation of alpha-ionone and beta-ionone. AB - Retinoic acid [1] and its analogues (retinoids) have recently generated interest as possible chemopreventive agents, but 1 is rapidly metabolized to many known as well as unknown products. Recently, microbial models have been employed for the study of mammalian metabolism. In this study two fungi, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888 and Cunninghamella blakesleeana ATCC 8688a, were found to biotransform beta ionone [2] and alpha-ionone [8] and may serve as models for the mammalian metabolism of retinoic acids. A. niger yielded oxidized metabolites, whereas C. blakesleeana gave products most of which were both oxidized and reduced. Methods developed here should prove amenable to studies utilizing 1 as the substrate for biotransformation. PMID- 3204384 TI - Umuhengerin, a new antimicrobially active flavonoid from Lantana trifolia. PMID- 3204385 TI - Chemistry of Hyptis mutabilis: new pentacyclic triterpenoids. PMID- 3204386 TI - Brain death and pinpoint pupils. PMID- 3204387 TI - Acute dystonic reaction with asterixis and myoclonus following metoclopramide therapy. PMID- 3204388 TI - Bilateral spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas, associated with systemic hypertension and generalised arteriosclerosis: a case report. PMID- 3204389 TI - Subdural and intraventricular tension pneumocephalus after transsphenoidal operation. PMID- 3204390 TI - When and on what to operate in multiple cerebral cysticercosis cysts? PMID- 3204391 TI - Cervical intradural disc protrusion. PMID- 3204392 TI - Loss of unilateral eye closure and right parietal lesion. PMID- 3204393 TI - Disappointing results of increasing benzodiazepine dose after the development of anticonvulsant tolerance. PMID- 3204394 TI - Anti-CNS antibodies in neurological and psychiatric disorders. PMID- 3204395 TI - Relief of common migraine by exercise. PMID- 3204396 TI - Asymmetry of pathology in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3204397 TI - Leukocyte glutamate dehydrogenase activity in patients with degenerative neurological disorders. AB - Leukocyte glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was measured in 39 normal subjects, 32 neurological controls, 66 patients with progressive ataxic disorders, 32 with multiple system atrophy, 40 with Parkinson's disease, eight with Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome, eight with juvenile Parkinsonism and four with the dystonia-Parkinsonism syndrome. GDH activity was reproducible to within 10% in leukocyte pellets stored at -70 degrees C for up to 9 months, and did not vary with sex or age in control subjects. There was marked variation in the relative proportions of heat stable and heat labile forms of GDH between control subjects and on repeated assay in the same subject. Total leukocyte GDH activity was similar in normal subjects and neurological controls. Mean total GDH activity was reduced in all patient groups by between 15 to 29% compared with controls. Fourteen patients had total GDH activity below 50% of the control mean, but low values were not specific for any one disease (five had ataxic disorders, four Parkinson's disease, three multiple system atrophy, one juvenile Parkinsonism, and one dystonia-Parkinsonism). The heat labile fraction of GDH represented about 20% of total activity in control subjects, and 27% in the patients with reduced total GDH activity. Thus low GDH activity was not disease specific in this study, and the heat-labile GDH fraction was not selectively affected. "Reduced" leucocyte GDH activity in some patients may represent no more than the lower end of a normal distribution. PMID- 3204398 TI - Alterations in vasopressin regulation in Alzheimer's disease. AB - A decreased concentration of vasopressin (AVP) in the plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease has been shown recently and suggests damage to hypothalamic neurosecretory cells. To verify this, osmolar and hypotension (sodium nitroprusside) stimulations on AVP release were applied. The effect of metoclopramide, a powerful stimulator of AVP, was also assessed. Patients with Alzheimer's disease released AVP normally after hypotension. However, AVP response to osmotic stimulation was altered in eight out of 10 patients, owing to low osmoreceptor sensitivity and/or high threshold. Metoclopramide increased AVP in controls but not in patients. Normal AVP response to hypotension in patients with Alzheimer's disease makes it unlikely that there is a significant anatomical loss or damage of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells. Alterations in osmoreceptor function and AVP unresponsiveness to metoclopramide point to damage in the control of AVP release in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3204400 TI - Botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis. AB - Ten patients with spasmodic torticollis were treated by injection of a total dose of 30 ng of botulinum toxin type A into the affected sternomastoid and posterior cervical muscles. Nine patients reported improvement in head position and control, which was confirmed in seven cases by clinical assessment and "blind" videotape ratings before and 6 weeks after injection. Five patients who had pain reported relief. Seven patients had mild transient dysphagia after injection; two who were given a more concentrated solution of the toxin developed more severe dysphagia, but this also recovered. Other minor transient side effects included weakness of the voice and local pain. The beneficial effects of botulinum toxin injections lasted some 2 to 3 months. A slight reduction in the total dose of toxin injected avoided the main side effects, and this method of treatment appears to offer successful control of head position and pain in the majority of patients with torticollis. PMID- 3204399 TI - Does a "moderate" alcohol intake damage the brain? AB - A range of volumetric and neurochemical analyses were carried out on the brains of 14 "moderate" drinkers. These data were compared with previous studies from controls and alcoholics. Volumetric measurements consistently suggest a loss of cerebral tissue although the differences were not statistically significant. Changes in the lipid and water content of the white matter were noted and the significance of these changes in relation to the pathogenesis of reversible brain shrinkage caused by alcohol abuse is discussed. PMID- 3204401 TI - Concentration-effect relationships with carbamazepine and its epoxide on psychomotor and cognitive function in epileptic patients. AB - A battery of psychometric tests was administered to 85 patients with epilepsy, of whom 26 were untreated, 40 received carbamazepine monotherapy and 19 took carbamazepine with another anticonvulsant. Carbamazepine alone had little effect on performance, but carbamazepine polypharmacy produced significant impairment. Increasing concentrations of carbamazepine (four tests) and its active metabolite, carbamazepine 10,11 epoxide (seven tests), correlated with decreasing performance in the monotherapy patients. PMID- 3204402 TI - Visual and mechanical control of postural and kinetic tremor in cerebellar system disorders. AB - The influence of alterations in visual guidance and somaesthetic sensory inputs was studied in five patients with kinetic and postural tremor characteristic of cerebellar impairment. The patients performed wrist flexion-extension movements or movements about the shoulder with or without visual guidance. Different types of mechanical loads were applied to oppose the wrist movements. The tremor was greatest when the patients used visual cues to guide movements. Kinetic tremor was substantially suppressed during performance of similar movements that were not guided directly by vision. Viscous loads suppressed the tremor nearly linearly, whereas constant loads opposing extension enhanced the tremor. The postural tremor was not observed during isometric contractions. These results support the view that processing of visual information contributes to the impairment of movement in disorders with cerebellar-type tremor and that certain somaesthetic inputs can selectively influence the generation of postural tremor. PMID- 3204403 TI - Intracranial hypertension causing visual failure in cryptococcus meningitis. AB - Thirty four patients with cryptococcal meningitis seen in the University of Malaya medical centre since 1980 were reviewed. Eleven patients had bilateral papilloedema and visual impairment but eventually survived. Seven patients had intensive aggressive measures, including shunting to reduce intracranial hypertension irrespective of ventricular size shown in CT scan, and showed substantial improvement in vision. It is concluded that papilloedema and visual failure in cryptococcal meningitis reflects raised intracranial pressure and that this should be treated vigorously. PMID- 3204404 TI - Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy: jitter in facial muscles. AB - Motor end plate jitter was studied by single fibre EMG in the orbicularis oculi muscle of eight patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy activated by extramuscular nerve stimulation. The jitter was found to be slightly larger in comparison with the normal controls, although still within the normal limits in each patient. The findings are considered to indicate absence of any significant neuromuscular transmission disturbance, inflammatory or regenerative process, or reinnervation in progress. There was no evidence of muscle fibre conduction abnormality even in very weak muscle. PMID- 3204405 TI - Posturo-kinetic organisation during the early phase of voluntary upper limb movement. 1. Normal subjects. AB - The nature and organisation of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) associated with the early phase of a voluntary upper limb movement were studied. Upper limb elevations, performed at maximal velocity, were studied according to three conditions: bilateral flexions (BF) and unilateral flexions without and with an additional inertia (respectively OUF and IUF). Activities of the anterior part of the deltoid (DA) and of main muscles of the lower limbs, pelvis, trunk and scapular girdle were recorded by surface electromyography. Miniature accelerometers enabled the recording of the tangential acceleration of the arm at wrist level (Aw) and the antero-posterior accelerations of various body links. Systematic investigations allow a precise description of the segmental phenomena which precede the onset of the voluntary movement. Before the activation of the anterior deltoid, a sequence of EMG modifications occurred in muscles of lower limbs, pelvis and trunk. The onset of Aw was preceded by anticipatory local accelerations of all the body links. Anticipatory EMG activities and local accelerations were organised according to patterns which were specific to the forthcoming voluntary movement. By comparing anticipatory EMG activities with anticipatory local accelerations, the nature of anticipatory postural movements can be determined. They appear to counteract the disturbing effects of the forthcoming voluntary movement. Because of their reproducibility and specificity, the anticipatory postural movements can be considered as preprogrammed. Postural adjustments and voluntary movement appear to be parts of the same motor program. Anticipatory postural movements should result from muscular functional synergies selected from a pre-evaluation of the perturbative aspects of the forthcoming movement. PMID- 3204406 TI - Spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula in Ehlers Danlos syndrome. AB - A patient is described with Ehlers Danlos syndrome presenting with spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula, in whom there was biochemical evidence for defective type III collagen synthesis. Despite the risks associated with arterial manipulation, the fistula was successfully closed by interventional neuroradiology and the patient has since remained well. This outcome is in contrast with the results in previous reports. PMID- 3204407 TI - The association of gegenhalten in the upper limbs with dyspraxia. AB - Ten patients with gegenhalten of the upper limb of mixed aetiology were studied, in nine of whom an association with dyspraxia was found. In four of the patients, the rigidity became more pronounced after the instruction to relax, and only one patient showed improvement after this instruction. In these patients, the resistance to movement, evident as gegenhalten, may be a direct consequence of the dyspraxia. PMID- 3204408 TI - Parkinsonism as first manifestation of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. PMID- 3204409 TI - Transglial pathway of diffusion in the Schwann sheath of the squid giant axon. AB - In order to investigate the transglial pathways in the Schwann sheath of squid giant axons, an electron microscopic study of thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas was carried out. Hitherto the mesaxonal clefts between Schwann cells were regarded as the only pathway between the extracellular space and the periaxonal space which, like the clefts, is about 10 nm in width. The clefts were now found to be obstructed by a putative single-stranded tight junction between neighbouring Schwann cells along the entire border near the axon. The Schwann cells were found to be penetrated like a sponge by a three-dimensional tubular transglial lattice that is confluent with the periaxonal space, the mesaxonal clefts and the extracellular space. The transglial channel system (TGCS) would, therefore, serve as an alternative diffusional pathway, provided that the tubular lumen was permeable. The diameter of the tubules is about 40 nm. In freeze fracture replicas the density of tubular openings towards the axon was estimated to be 3.3 +/- 0.72 per micron 2. In relation to the periaxonal cell surface, this constitutes a relative opening area of 0.42% as compared to the 0.15% of the mesaxonal clefts (neglecting their tight junctions). Therefore, the TGCS would provide a ubiquitous access for ionic flow between axolemma and extracellular space. The fact that the TGCS has only recently been observed in squid, but has been described for some time in the giant nerve fibres of crayfish and lobster, can be explained by the use of different fixation methods. The TGCS system is preserved in aldehyde fixation as used in the present study, whereas osmium tetroxide was applied in earlier work on squid. The comparison with the results obtained in other species suggests strongly that the TGCS is permeable and constitutes a transglial pathway for rapid ionic flow. PMID- 3204410 TI - Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of long-term peripheral nerve regeneration through silicone tubes. AB - Light and electron microscopy were used to investigate long-term regeneration in peripheral nerves regenerating across a 10 mm gap through silicone tubes. Schwann cells and axons co-migrated behind an advancing front of fibroblasts, bridging the 10 mm gap between 28 and 35 days following nerve transection. Myelination of regenerated fibres started between 14 and 21 days after transection and occurred in a manner similar to that reported during development. Although these early events were successful in producing morphologically normal-appearing regenerated fibres, complete maturation of many of these fibres was never achieved. Axonal distortion by neurofilaments, axonal degeneration and secondary demyelination were seen at 56 days following nerve transection. These changes progressed in severity with time as more axons advanced through the distal stump towards their peripheral target. Since regeneration occurs in the absence of endoneurial tubes, and because constrictive forces act on the nerve during regeneration, we suggest that these extrinsic factors limit the successful advancement of axons through the distal stump to their target organ. PMID- 3204411 TI - Denervation induces long-lasting changes in the distribution of microtubule proteins in hippocampal neurons. AB - The cellular distributions of tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) were examined in the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus after unilateral lesion of the entorhinal cortex, which destroys the major afferent pathway to dentate granule cells. Changes were observed in distribution of both tubulin and MAP2 in granule cell dendrites on the denervated side. After 24 h there was a noticeable increase in both anti-tubulin and anti-MAP2 staining in the outer two-thirds of the dentate molecular layer, corresponding to the area of denervation. This increased staining reached a maximum 1 week after the lesion. There was no change on the unlesioned side. During a subsequent second phase the region of increased anti-tubulin and anti-MAP2 staining became restricted, by 35 days after lesioning, to a narrow band mid-way through the molecular layer. This pattern remained the same until 6 months after the lesion, the longest time point examined. The results indicate that there is considerable plasticity in the microtubular cytoskeleton of dendrites in the adult brain and that rearrangements induced in it by axotomy can persist long after the immediate effects of denervation and subsequent re-innervation have subsided. PMID- 3204412 TI - Abnormalities of the axonal cytoskeleton in giant axonal neuropathy. AB - Intermediate filaments accumulate abnormally in a variety of cell types in individuals with human inherited giant axonal neuropathy (GAN). A characteristic feature of this disorder is the occurrence of focal axonal enlargements filled with accumulations of neurofilaments. The minimum separations between neurofilaments in sural nerve axons of a patient with GAN were 12-30 nm compared with 24-60 nm in controls. The normal sidearm protrusions which cross-bridge adjacent filaments were rare in GAN. Average minimum neurofilament diameter was 12.4 nm in GAN compared with 10.1 nm in controls. Many axons were devoid of neurofilaments and contained an increased density of microtubules, many of which did not run longitudinally. This disorganization of microtubule alignment may reflect the lack of an associated neurofilament lattice. It is concluded that GAN involves abnormalities of neurofilament cross-linkage to one another and to adjacent microtubules. Mechanisms are discussed which could account for this inherited disorder of intermediate filament organization affecting various cell types. PMID- 3204413 TI - Double myelination of axons in the sympathetic nervous system of the mouse. I. Ultrastructural features and distribution. AB - This study has examined the structural features and distribution of 'doubly myelinated' axons in normal adult and aged mice. Investigation focused on the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and paravertebral sympathetic ganglia, which were extensively serial-sectioned for light and electron microscopy. In the SCG, the principal features of doubly myelinated regions were that an apparently normal myelinated axon was enclosed for part of its length by an additional (outer) myelinating Schwann cell. The separate nature of the inner and outer Schwann cells was emphasized by the consistent presence of individual nuclei in each, and by the presence of endoneurial space, often containing collagen fibrils, between the inner and outer cells. In some cases more than a single outer Schwann cell was present, arranged serially along the inner myelinated fibre. While double myelination forms through a mechanism involving displacement of an original myelinating Schwann cell by an interposed Schwann cell (see companion paper), we here provide evidence that in some instances the outer Schwann cell fails to retain any direct axonal contact, either with the axon centrally enclosed within the configuration or with any neighbouring axon. In contrast to the rat, delicate cytoplasmic processes often extended from the lateral extremes of outer Schwann cells. However, again no evidence for axonal contact was found, and similar processes also extended from the paranodal region of some singly myelinated non-displaced Schwann cells. Without exception the outer myelin sheath remained structurally intact, and characteristically underwent a series of conformational changes (progressive infolding of the paranodes and new areas of myelin compaction) which infer a continuing capacity of the outer Schwann cell to translocate myelin-specific components in a co ordinated manner. A basal lamina was always present on the 'abaxonal' plasma membrane of the outer cell, but not on the 'adaxonal' surface except in areas involved in infolding, thus retaining the polarity which existed at the time of displacement from the axon. At single cross-sectional levels through the SCG, up to approximately 4% of myelinated axons were involved in double myelination. Double myelination was not detected in the sciatic nerve or in the paravertebral ganglia, thus indicating a predilection for the SCG as a site of development of these configurations. Though not challenging the role of the axon in initiating the formation of myelin, these data indicate that in this tissue myelin maintenance does not require direct contact between axonal and Schwann cell plasma membranes. PMID- 3204414 TI - Double myelination of axons in the sympathetic nervous system of the mouse. II. Mechanisms of formation. AB - The phenomenon termed 'double myelination', present in sympathetic nerve of normal adult rats and mice, comprises regions of a myelinated axon which are concentrically ensheathed by additional (outer) myelinating Schwann cells. Evidence has been presented that in some instances the outer Schwann cell fails to make contact with an axon, yet its myelin sheath characteristically remains ultrastructurally intact. The present study has sought to identify and analyse configurations intermediate between single and double myelination, in order to determine the mechanism(s) underlying the formation of double ensheathment. Superior cervical ganglia from normal male mice aged 12-24 months were prepared for electron microscopy by systemic aldehyde perfusion. Regions of interest were extensively serial-sectioned for detailed electron microscopical analysis and reconstruction. The earliest evidence for alteration to the expected intimate ensheathment of axons by myelinating Schwann cells involved invasion of supernumerary Schwann cells and their processes at the node of Ranvier, resulting in displacement of the paranodal pockets from axonal contact. Similar paranodal displacement occurred at heminodes as a result of lateral extension and invasion of processes from the adjacent Schwann cell (i.e. the cell investing the unmyelinated domain of the axon). Subsequently, processes of the invading cell extended progressively into internodal regions, located at all times between the plasma membranes of the axon and displaced Schwann cell. The cytoplasmic pockets at the remaining paranode were then subject to invasion. At various stages of displacement myelin formation commenced within the invading cell, representing the first acquisition of double myelin ensheathment in the development of the configuration. Involvement of haematogenous cells in displacement was not detected. There was also evidence consistent with paranodal displacement by adjacent pre-existing myelinating cells, but this additional mechanism appeared minor relative to the involvement of (initially) non-myelinating Schwann cells. We found no evidence for the alternative possibility that Schwann cells could synthesize a myelin sheath around a pre-existing myelinated axon de novo, independent of any direct axonal contact. These results are consistent with the well-established requirement for axonal contact by Schwann cells engaging in initial myelin formation, in the sense that the myelin sheath of the outer cell was synthesized prior to its displacement, and that a myelin sheath was not formed by the invading cell until it had invested the axon in a 1:1 relationship.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3204415 TI - Quality of life measurement: a psychometric tower of Babel. PMID- 3204416 TI - Recall of childhood illnesses. AB - Recall of eight childhood communicable diseases and other illnesses was validated among 95 adults by comparison to longitudinal childhood health records. Self reports at age 50 of several illnesses were highly accurate; however, German measles was correctly recalled by only 34% of subjects. Similar levels of accuracy were consistently found among a subset who also completed health history interviews 8 and 20 years earlier. Over-reporting of some health events was common. Past exposure to viral or bacterial agents is sometimes assessed in case control studies by self-reports. Misclassification of prior exposure due to faulty recall may distort true associations between childhood illness and chronic disease in later life. PMID- 3204417 TI - Patient-proxy response comparability on measures of patient health and functional status. AB - The present study evaluates the response comparability between 361 elderly hip fracture patients admitted from the community to seven Baltimore area hospitals between 1984 and 1986 and interviewer selected proxies on items pertaining to patients' pre-fracture health and functional status. Agreement across items ranges from very poor to good and varies with respect to the health or functional area assessed. Proxies tend to overestimate patient disability relative to the patients themselves, especially with regard to capacity to perform instrumental activities of daily living. Although proxies who report the greatest contact with patients respond most comparably to the patients, when they do disagree, proxies with the greatest patient contact tend to overestimate patient disability. The authors suggest that attention to item construction and phrasing may improve response comparability. PMID- 3204418 TI - Association of body fat distribution with plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins AI and B in postmenopausal women. AB - Associations between the distribution of body fat, measured by the waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR), and plasma lipid fractions were examined in 84 postmenopausal women. WHR was correlated r = 0.39 with body mass index (BMI). After adjustment for BMI and other covariates, WHR was positively and significantly associated with concentrations of triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. WHR was negatively and significantly associated with concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI. These results indicate that in postmenopausal women abdominal fat preponderance is associated with an atherogenic plasma lipid profile, independent of its association with BMI. PMID- 3204419 TI - Preventing heart disease: is treating the high risk sufficient? AB - Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess the effects of several intervention strategies on coronary heart disease mortality rates in a Finnish and a North American cohort. Lowering total serum cholesterol by 4%, smoking by 15%, and diastolic blood pressure by 3% for the whole cohort would be expected to reduce the incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction by at least 13% and coronary heart disease deaths by at least 18%. Lowering serum cholesterol by 34%, diastolic blood pressure to 90 mmHg, and reducing smoking by 20% in the subset of the population with all three risk factors in the highest quartile would result in a 6-8% reduction in non-fatal myocardial infarction and a 2-9% reduction in deaths from coronary heart disease in these cohorts. These data demonstrate that in populations with a relatively high incidence of heart disease, treating the entire population will produce larger effects than focusing only on high-risk populations. PMID- 3204420 TI - CARDIA: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects. AB - In 1984, a prospective cohort study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) was initiated to investigate life-style and other factors that influence, favorably and unfavorably, the evolution of coronary heart disease risk factors during young adulthood. After a year of planning and protocol development, 5,116 black and white women and men, age 18-30 years, were recruited and examined in four urban areas: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Oakland, California. The initial examination included carefully standardized measurements of major risk factors as well as assessments of psychosocial, dietary, and exercise-related characteristics that might influence them, or that might be independent risk factors. This report presents the recruitment and examination methods as well as the mean levels of blood pressure, total plasma cholesterol, height, weight and body mass index, and the prevalence of cigarette smoking by age, sex, race and educational level. Compared to recent national samples, smoking is less prevalent in CARDIA participants, and weight tends to be greater. Cholesterol levels are representative and somewhat lower blood pressures in CARDIA are probably, at least in part, due to differences in measurement methods. Especially noteworthy among several differences in risk factor levels by demographic subgroup, were a higher body mass index among black than white women and much higher prevalence of cigarette smoking among persons with no more than a high school education than among those with more education. PMID- 3204422 TI - On hunting. PMID- 3204421 TI - Serum lipids, apoproteins and nutrient intake in rural Cretan boys consuming high olive-oil diets. AB - A high intake of olive oil has produced high levels of high-density and low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in short-term dietary trials. To investigate long-term effects of olive oil we have studied the diet and serum lipids of boys in Crete, where a high olive oil consumption is the norm. Seventy six healthy rural Cretan boys aged 7-9 years were studied. The diet was assessed by a 2-day dietary recall. Blood was collected according to a standardized protocol and sera were analyzed in a rigidly standardized laboratory. The mean daily intake of energy was 11.0 MJ (2629 kcal). The intake of fat (45.0% of energy) and oleic acid (27.2% of energy) was high, and that of saturated fat low (10.0% of energy), reflecting a high consumption of olive oil. The high consumption of olive oil was confirmed by a high proportion of oleic-acid (27.1%) in serum cholesteryl fatty acids. Mean concentration of serum total cholesterol was 4.42 mmol l-1 (171 mg dl-1), of HDL-cholesterol 1.40 mmol l-1 (54 mg dl-1), of serum triglycerides 0.59 mmol l-1 (52 mg dl-1), of apo-AI 1210 mg l-1 and of LDL apo-B 798 mg l-1. The body mass index of the Cretan boys (18.2 kg m-2) was on average 2 kg m-2 higher than that of boys from other countries. Contrary to our expectation, the Cretan boys did not show a more favourable serum lipoprotein pattern than boys from more westernized countries studied previously using the same protocol. Our hypothesis that a typical, olive-oil-rich Cretan diet causes a relatively high HDL- to total cholesterol ratio is not supported by the present findings. PMID- 3204424 TI - Nurses' smoking in the workplace: causes and solutions. PMID- 3204423 TI - Conception and birth control use: Cambodian refugee women's beliefs and practices. PMID- 3204425 TI - Using games in nursing education. PMID- 3204427 TI - Publishing practices of registered nurses. PMID- 3204426 TI - Interviewing to evaluate preceptorship relationships. PMID- 3204428 TI - The recipe for a successful workshop. PMID- 3204429 TI - Consumerism in nursing. PMID- 3204430 TI - Continuing education and megatrends. PMID- 3204432 TI - Looking good: you, your topic, and television. PMID- 3204431 TI - Implementing the use of nursing diagnosis in a university hospital setting. PMID- 3204433 TI - Collaboration aids inservice education. PMID- 3204434 TI - A preceptor program for critical care. PMID- 3204435 TI - Factors underlying individual differences in the color matches of normal observers. AB - We have used a factor analysis of the Stiles-Burch [Opt. Acta 6, 1 (1959)] 10 degrees field color matches to examine the basis of individual differences in the color matches made by observers with normal color vision. The differences in the matches are primarily due to interobserver variations in the macular-pigment density [with a standard deviation (sigma) of 0.12 at 460 nm]; the lens-pigment density (sigma = 0.18 at 400 nm); the spectral position of the long-wavelength sensitive (sigma = 50.3 cm-1), medium-wavelength sensitive (sigma = 31.9 cm-1), and short-wavelength-sensitive (sigma = 45.3 cm-1) photopigments; the covarying densities of the three photopigments (sigma = 0.045); and the degree of rod intrusion. Variations in the different factors appear to be uncorrelated. Comparable estimates of the sources and range of interobserver differences in color matching were obtained from a similar analysis of the Stiles-Burch 2 degrees color matches [Opt. Acta 2, 168 (1955)]. PMID- 3204436 TI - Direct psychophysical estimates of the cone-pigment absorption spectra. AB - The absorption spectra of the long- and medium-wavelength-sensitive cone photopigments were derived by determining the spectra that best accounted for either the individual differences in the Stiles-Burch 10 degrees color matches [Opt. Acta 6, 1 (1959)] or the changes in color matches at high light levels due to photopigment bleaching [Vision Res. 20, 23 (1980)]. The estimates were made by finding the best-fitting coefficients for an 11th-order polynomial function of wavelength, with no requirement that the resulting sensitivities be consistent with the color-matching functions. The estimates are independent of the scaling effects of any inert screening filters and therefore directly reflect the photopigment sensitivities. The spectra implied by the differences in the matches are similar to the absorption spectra of Smith et al. [Vision Res. 16, 1087 (1976)], which were used as initial estimates. However, the peak sensitivity of the required long-wavelength-sensitive pigment is shifted toward slightly longer wavelengths. PMID- 3204437 TI - Spatial waveform discrimination following higher-harmonic adaptation. AB - Campbell and Robson [J. Physiol. (London) 197, 551 (1968)] proposed that a near threshold square-wave grating can be distinguished from a sine-wave grating of the same spatial frequency and fundamental amplitude when the channel tuned to the third-harmonic component of the square wave reaches its own threshold. To test this hypothesis, we measured waveform discrimination thresholds with two interval forced-choice methods before and after 4-min adaptation to a high contrast sine-wave grating, the spatial frequency of which equaled that of the square wave's third harmonic. The results indicate that 3f adaptation has only a negligible effect on discrimination thresholds. In a further experiment, we adapted observers to both 3f and 5f harmonic frequencies of the square-wave test grating presented sequentially over 4 min. Although substantial threshold elevations occurred at the 3f and 5f frequencies, the elevation in waveform discrimination threshold was small. These results suggest that the independent channel hypothesis alone cannot account for the visibility of complex features (edges) following harmonic adaptation. PMID- 3204438 TI - Integration of depth modules: stereo and shading. AB - We studied the integration of image disparities, edge information, and shading in the three-dimensional perception of complex yet well-controlled images generated with a computer-graphics system. The images showed end-on views of flat- and smooth-shaded ellipsoids, i.e., images with and without intensity discontinuities (edges). A map of perceived depth was measured by adjusting a small stereo depth probe interactively to the perceived surface. Our data show that disparate shading (even in the absence of disparate edges) yields a vivid stereoscopic depth perception. The perceived depth is significantly reduced if the disparities are completely removed (shape-from-shading). If edge information is available, it overrides both shape-from-shading and disparate shading. Degradations of depth perception corresponded to a reduced depth rather than to an increased scatter in the depth measurement. The results are compared with computer-vision algorithms for both single cues and their integration for three-dimensional vision. PMID- 3204439 TI - Direction-of-motion discrimination with complex patterns: further observations. AB - Moving one component of a stimulus comprising two sinusoidal gratings of the same orientation sometimes results in mistaken judgments of the direction of motion. If the component with the higher spatial frequency moves and the stimulus is presented briefly, observers report motion in the direction opposite that which actually occurs. The illusory, or backward, motion appears whether the movement producing it occurs smoothly or as a discrete jump at the midpoint of the stimulus presentation. At durations at which motion appears reversed, smooth and discrete motion are indistinguishable. Measurement of the speed of the illusory motion by a cancellation technique permits comparison with results from classical induced-motion paradigms; the classical effect, obtained with spatially separated components, is smaller but in the same direction as the errors in perceived direction of motion that we measure. We suggest that the errors in judging the direction of motion may result from interactions among motion detectors tuned to the different spatial-frequency components of the stimulus. PMID- 3204440 TI - Effect of luminance on photopic visual acuity in the presence of laser speckle. AB - Visual acuity in coherent and incoherent light has been determined by using square-wave gratings of 100% contrast. Luminance was varied from 3 to 400 cd/m2. Coherent illumination resulted in a 40% loss of visual acuity. This is probably due to the masking effect of coherent spatial noise (speckle). However, the most interesting finding is the change in shape of the photopic visual-acuity luminance function. With coherent illumination, the function is vertically displaced and of a different gradient. An increase in luminance produces a decrease in visual acuity. This indicates that the masking effect of the speckle is dependent on luminance. Two observers were used, and similar results were obtained by both. PMID- 3204441 TI - Quantitative studies of color constancy. AB - In order to study color constancy, the color appearance of the center of a center surround paradigm was measured by using multiple-alternative forced-response matching. The center was presented with (1) no surround, (2) an adjacent chromatic surround, or (3) a chromatic surround separated from the center by an achromatic gap. The center and the surrounds were presented under various simulated illuminants ranging from illuminant A to illuminant D75. We found that when no surround is present, color constancy fails; however, when surrounds are present, some degree of color constancy is displayed. We also found that color constancy is poor when chromatic induction is minimal. In addition, it was determined that, if the ratios of R, G, and B of the center to R, G, and B of the surround remain constant as the illuminant changes, color constancy results. (R, G, and B correspond to the outputs of the retinal color mechanisms). PMID- 3204442 TI - Postural movements induced by rotations of visual scenes. AB - The effect of visual information processing of a rotating visual scene on postural responses of a standing subject was studied. Rotation of a scene induced postural sway movements involving rotations in the ankle joint. For modulation frequencies of rotation below 0.3 Hz, a clear correlation was found between the visual stimulus and the postural movements in the lateral direction. The amplitude of postural movements appeared to be independent of the angular velocity of the rotation of the scene if the angular velocity exceeded 5 deg/sec for sinusoidally modulated rotations or 10 deg/sec (rms values) for randomly modulated rotations. To facilitate distinction between the contributions from visual information processing of the incoming visual stimuli and from the motor system, a model is presented that explains some aspects of visuo-motor interaction. PMID- 3204443 TI - Phase-transfer function of the human eye and its influence on point-spread function and wave aberration. AB - The bidimensional phase-transfer function (PTF) of the human eye has been computed from aerial retinal images of a point test. These images were previously determined by using a recently developed hybrid optical-digital method. Actual PTF data have been obtained directly without linear variations with spatial frequency and have shown great variations among individual subjects. The influence of the PTF on the determination of the point-spread function and the wave-aberration function for emmetropized and slightly astigmatic subjects has been also evaluated. Finally, the effect of pupil size on the PTF was determined by computing these functions from the wave aberration. These results allow us to give a more thorough description of the optical image quality of the human eye and can be used as actual data in subsequent psychophysical studies. PMID- 3204444 TI - From the President. AMA registered care technologist proposal. PMID- 3204445 TI - Two-lumen peripheral i.v. catheter evaluation and overall clinical acceptance. PMID- 3204446 TI - The A-Z of presenting before an audience. (2). PMID- 3204447 TI - Innovative antibiotic therapy at home. PMID- 3204448 TI - Clinical ladders for i.v. nurses? PMID- 3204449 TI - Is wax on the wane? PMID- 3204450 TI - The histopathology of the upper airway in the neonate following mechanical ventilation. AB - Laryngotracheobronchial lesions were carefully documented in 26 neonatal autopsies and were classified into two main types. Type I lesions were focal desquamative or ulcerative, asynchronous, and variable in severity involving areas exposed to contact with endotracheal tube or suction catheter. These lesions are most likely due to trauma of artificial ventilation. Type II lesions were diffuse, necrotizing, more synchronous and uniform in severity involving tissues distal to the endotracheal tube and extending to second or third generation bronchi. The early or mild type II lesions consisted of coagulative necrosis of epithelial cells and mucosal oedema. The late or severe type II lesions showed features similar to those of necrotizing tracheobronchitis described by Metley et al. All the cases with type II lesions had been ventilated with 100 per cent oxygen continuously for at least 3 h during life. The use of pure oxygen may be an important factor leading to necrotizing tracheobronchitis. PMID- 3204451 TI - Control of differentiation in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines: epithelial mesenchymal interactions. AB - Mesenchymal elements have been investigated for their effects on the growth and differentiation of seven human colorectal carcinoma-derived cell lines. Epithelial cells were cultured as monolayers on plastic; they were also grown on fibroblast lawns and in collagen matrices, with and without fibroblasts. In each case, differentiation was assessed morphologically with monoclonal antibodies directed against components of normal goblet and columnar cells. The results were compared with those obtained when the cell lines were grown in vivo as xenografts in athymic mice. The xenografts allowed the greatest potential for differentiation, although two cell lines showed little or no response to mesenchyme either in vivo or in vitro. The presence of fibroblasts induced branched structures in all the remaining lines when these were cultured in collagen matrices. The collage matrix alone induced the formation of well-defined glandular structures in SW1222 cells, reminiscent of those seen in SW1222 xenografts and normal colonic crypts. Epithelial response to mesenchymal factors may require specific receptors, the expression of which dictates phenotype. Isolation and analysis of such receptors and factors could lead to clarification of the mechanisms underlying normal tissue morphogenesis and the growth and spread of neoplastic cells. PMID- 3204452 TI - Basal cell carcinoma xenografts in nude mice: studies on epithelial differentiation and stromal relationships. AB - Thirty-three basal cell carcinomas (BCC) were transplanted into athymic mice, and foci of tumour were identified in 17 grafts recovered after intervals of 2-5 months. Fifteen of these xenografts contained apparently normal differentiated epithelia, considered to derive from elements within the original tumours. The level of differentiation was very close in original and corresponding xenograft BCC. Morphologically recognizable 'specialized' stroma was present in some but not all xenografted BCC, and was also present in some grafts containing only differentiated elements. A monoclonal antibody specific to human type IV collagen showed intact epithelial and also vascular basement membranes within the graft. Surprisingly, mouse cells were found to line these vessels, and the stroma around normal and neoplastic epithelial islands was a mixture of mouse and human cells, with no consistent composition. These observations question the proposed dependence of BCC on its 'specialized' stroma. PMID- 3204453 TI - Silver-stained nucleoli and nucleolar organizer region counts are of no prognostic value in thick cutaneous malignant melanoma. AB - Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) can be stained by a simple one-step silver technique; the black dots formed are termed AgNORs. Often AgNORs are tightly clustered, appearing as one silver-stained nucleolus (AgNu). We have assessed this technique as a possible prognostic indicator for thick (greater than 3.0 mm) primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Three groups were studied: (A) seven thick CMM that had not metastasized 8-20 years after excision; (B) three thick CMM that developed metastases 6-9 years after excision; and (C) twelve CMM that presented with metastases or developed them within 4 years of excision. Two methods of counting silver-stained black dots in nuclei were employed: one method counted easily discernible black dots consisting of AgNus and dispersed AgNORs; the other attempted to count actual AgNORs both dispersed and clustered within AgNus. Scores per nucleus by the first method were 1.5-6.7 in group A, 1.1-2.6 in group B, and 1.4-5.4 in group C. AgNOR counts by the second method were 6.2-13.0 in group A, 5.4-8.9 in group B, and 5.3-10.5 in group C. No significant difference was present between groups for scores by either method. Due to the subjectively, technical difficulty, non-reproducibility, and tedium associated with the second method of attempting to count individuals AgNORs, the first method is recommended. It is concluded that this technique is of no value in predicting prognosis for CMM. PMID- 3204455 TI - Host-parasite relationship in the brains of mice with congenital toxoplasmosis. AB - The wall of intact tissue cysts in the brains of mice with congenital toxoplasmosis was investigated using light and electron microscopy. Impregnation of the wall with reduced silver salts and protargol silver suggested that it was composed, at least in part, of components derived from the neuronal cytoskeleton. Electron microscopy extended these observations and revealed that intact cysts were separated from the extracellular compartment by a layer of neurofibrillae enclosed within the host cell membrane. It is suggested that this may be a means whereby intact Toxoplasma tissue cysts are protected from the host's immune response. PMID- 3204454 TI - Electron microscopic observations in in situ and microinvasive bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma. AB - Seventeen cases of resected in situ and microinvasive bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma were studied by light and electron microscopy. No definite secretory differentiation was found in any case. Examination of the tumour cells in the basal layer for electron density of cytoplasm, intercellular spaces, and degree of development of cytoplasmic processes showed a variety of cells ranging from type I, where the cytoplasm was dark, development of cytoplasmic processes was good, and the intercellular spaces were large, to type III, where cytoplasmic processes and intercellular spaces were less well developed and the cells were mostly of clear cell type. The tendency to invasion was greater in type III than type I and there was also more marked cellular atypia, more extensive dissolution of basement membrane, a larger number of mitotic figures per 3000 cells in the basal layer, and greater enlargement of nuclear and cytoplasmic areas. A good rank correlation coefficient was obtained. Small dense-core granules were observed in some cases. These finding suggest the strong possibility that cell kinetics and cellular morphology are related to the development of squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 3204456 TI - How do we teach pathology? The Oxford Clinical Pathology Course. PMID- 3204458 TI - Papers presented at the 36th annual meeting of the Surgical Section of the American Academy of Pediatrics. New Orleans, Louisiana, October 31-November 2, 1987. Part 2. PMID- 3204457 TI - Life-threatening intrathoracic complications during treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. AB - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been successful (greater than 80% survival) in 35 centers in greater than 900 newborns with severe respiratory failure having an estimated mortality of greater than 80% on conventional management. During the last 3 years we have treated 79 newborns with 74 survivors (94%). Their diagnoses included meconium aspiration, persistent fetal circulation, respiratory distress syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and sepsis. Seven patients (9%) had life-threatening intrathoracic complications requiring emergent intervention while on ECMO: tension hemothorax (3), tension pneumothorax (2), and pericardial tamponade (2). Pericardial tamponade and tension hemothorax and pneumothorax show a similar pathophysiology of increasing intrapericardial pressure and decreasing venous return. Perfusion is initially maintained by the nonpulsatile flow of the ECMO circuit before further decrease in venous return results in decreasing ECMO flow and progressive hemodynamic deterioration. Each of the seven patients demonstrated a clinical triad that includes increasing PaO2 and decreasing peripheral perfusion (as evidenced by decreasing pulse pressure and decreasing SvO2) followed by decreasing ECMO flow with progressive deterioration. The diagnoses were confirmed by transillumination, chest x-ray, or cardiac echocardiogram. Initial emergent placement of a percutaneous drainage catheter was temporizing in all seven cases. However, four patients required emergent thoracotomy for definitive treatment while still on ECMO. All seven patients were weaned from ECMO and are short-term survivors (6 months to 3.5 years). As use of ECMO for newborn severe respiratory failure increases, responsible physicians must be familiar with life-threatening intrathoracic complications and appropriate treatment strategies. PMID- 3204459 TI - A pediatric trauma model of continuous hemorrhage. AB - This report describes a new experimental model of hemorrhage in immature animals. Puppies were subjected to continuous hemorrhage equivalent to 1% of calculated blood volume per minute. In the control group there was no change in mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output, hematocrit, pH, or core temperature. In the experimental group the response to hemorrhage was gradual and in proportion to blood loss until 25% to 30% blood volume reduction. At this critical point, the fall in mean arterial pressure and cardiac output accelerated and death occurred. These observations suggest that the response to blood loss has break points beyond which sudden deterioration is rapid and dramatic. This model of hemorrhage should be useful for future study of the effects of treatment of hemorrhagic shock in immature subjects. PMID- 3204460 TI - Surgical repair of pectus excavatum. AB - From 1958 to March 1987 we corrected 704 patients with pectus excavatum. The condition occurred more frequently in boys (544 patients) than girls (160 patients). In the majority of patients (86%), the defect was evident at birth or within the first year of life. Musculoskeletal abnormalities were identified in 133 patients (scoliosis, 107; kyphosis, 4; myopathy, 3; Poland's syndrome, 3; Marfan's syndrome, 2; Pierre Robin syndrome, 2; prune belly syndrome, 2; neurofibromatosis, 3; cerebral palsy, 4; tuberous sclerosis, 1; and congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 2). Sixteen patients had associated congenital heart disease. A family history of chest wall deformity was present in 37% of the cases and a history of scoliosis in 11%. Surgical correction was performed using a uniform technique for bilateral subperichondrial resection of the deformed costal cartilages and sternal osteotomy resecting a wedge of the anterior cortex and fracturing the posterior cortex. Anterior displacement was maintained with silk sutures closing the osteotomy defect. In 28 early cases, the sternum was secured by intramedullary fixation with a Steinman pin. All repairs were completed with a low complication rate (4.4%; pneumothorax, 11; wound infection, 5; wound hematoma, 3; wound dehiscence, 5; pneumonia, 3; seroma, 1; hemoptysis, 1; hemopericardium, 1). Six complications were associated with Steinman pin fixation (hemoptysis, seroma, hemopericardium, pneumothorax, 3). Major recurrence occurred in 17 patients (2.7%) and led to revision in 12. Satisfactory long-term results were achieved in the remaining 687 patients, with follow-up ranging from 2 weeks to 27 years. Mean follow-up was 4.3 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3204461 TI - Cervical esophageal obstruction by ectopic gastric mucosa. AB - A 5-year-old boy presented with dysphagia, and barium swallow revealed a narrowing in the upper esophagus. Biopsies of the circumferential lesion showed gastric mucosa. The heterotopic gastric mucosa was resected via a cervical approach. After resolution of a minor anastomotic leak, he remains asymptomatic 10 years following resection with no evidence of recurrence by esophagrams and endoscopy. PMID- 3204462 TI - The efficacy of Thal fundoplication in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux: the influence of central nervous system impairment. AB - One hundred sixteen patients underwent a modified Thal fundoplication to correct gastroesophageal reflux (GER) between July 1, 1983, and January 30, 1987. Ninety one percent of patients were relieved of GER. When patients were evaluated with respect to the presence or absence of CNS impairment there was a marked difference in the success rate of this procedure. Eight of 48 patients with CNS disorders had recurrent reflux with gastrostomy feedings after a modified Thal fundoplication (16%) while only two of 68 neurologically normal children had a failure of operation (3%; P less than .05). These data indicate that the modified Thal fundoplication is very effective in correcting GER in neurologically normal children but is less effective in children with CNS impairment. PMID- 3204463 TI - Is 5% dextrose in water a proper choice for initial postoperative feeding in infants? AB - Forty infants undergoing inguinal hernia repair were divided equally into two groups. After adequate recovery from anesthesia, one group was given an initial feeding of 5% dextrose in water while the other received 15% milk formula (5 mL/kg in each case). Samples of gastric content were taken 15, 30, and 60 minutes after feeding and measurements of gastric residual volume, pH, and osmolality were obtained. A statistically significant difference in the pH and osmolality of the gastric samples was present without any difference in the gastric residual volumes or rates of gastric clearance between these two groups. Initial feedings of milk appear to offer no substantial disadvantages when compared with dextrose in water feedings in the prevention of the acid aspiration syndrome. PMID- 3204464 TI - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) induces fibrosis in a fetal wound model. AB - The adult cellular response to tissue injury is characterized by acute inflammation followed eventually by fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Fetal tissue responses to injury differ markedly from those of the adult; an early acute inflammatory response is absent, few fibroblasts participate, and no collagen is deposited. The object of the present study was to analyze the effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), an important regulatory molecule in adult healing events, on the fetal tissue response following wounding. Fetal cellular and extracellular matrix responses to injury were evaluated by placing subcutaneous wound implants containing TGF-beta (0.01 to 10 ng) in fetal rabbits at 24 days gestation (term = 31 days). Histologic responses one to seven days later were compared with fetal and adult control implants without TGF-beta. The histology of the adult implant was characterized by an early acute inflammatory response: by day 7 fibroblasts and collagen were predominant. In contrast, control implants removed from fetal rabbits had no histologic evidence of acute inflammation or fibroblast penetration and no collagen was deposited. When implants containing 1.0 ng TGF-beta were removed from fetal rabbits at seven days, a grossly fibrotic reaction was observed: histology confirmed marked fibroblast penetration with collagen deposition. Fetal implants containing 0.01 ng or 10 ng TGF-beta showed few fibroblasts but had increased numbers of inflammatory cells compared with controls. These observations demonstrate that the fetal response becomes adultlike with fibroblast proliferation and collagen accumulation when TGF-beta is added, thus documenting the responsiveness of the fetal system to adult repair signals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3204465 TI - Bronchoplastic techniques for pediatric lung salvage. AB - Bronchoplastic reconstruction can salvage normal bronchial and pulmonary tissue distal to diverse obstructive bronchial lesions. Five children underwent proximal bronchial and limited pulmonary resections allowing preservation of normal distal parenchyma. Three patients were infants between 2 1/2 and 12 months of age. All five survived without immediate or late complications. Follow-up included interval bronchoscopy and chest radiography, and ranged from 8 months to 12 years. Cardiopulmonary bypass was unnecessary even in the case of a large carinal lesion. Techniques used to insure adequate ventilation during bronchotomy included positioning the endotracheal tube above the carina with clamp occlusion of the open mainstem bronchus, positioning the tube within the opposite mainstem bronchus, and inserting a sterile tube into an open mainstem bronchus (with connections to sterile ventilator tubing passed across the operative field). Preoperative bronchoscopy and radiographic studies localized the extent and base of the lesion, allowing precise placement of the bronchotomy. Conservative excision was accomplished by frozen section examination of all margins of resection. Ingenious usage of available tissue was essential to a successful reconstruction. PMID- 3204466 TI - Respiratory complications in cervical thymic cysts. AB - Thymic cysts are considered uncommon lesions in the differential diagnosis of pediatric neck masses. They have been described as asymptomatic and of little clinical consequence. Recent reports have stressed the possibility of respiratory compromise associated with these lesions. We reviewed our experience with cervical thymic cysts with emphasis on respiratory problems. Ten pediatric patients underwent surgery and were found to have cervical thymic cysts. Ages ranged from newborn to 14 years. There were four boys and six girls. Two were found to have the thymic cysts at time of neck exploration for Grave's disease and hyperparathyroidism. Of the remaining eight patients, all had mobile cystic masses, located anterior to but extending beneath the lower third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The size of the mass ranged from 3.0 to 8.5 cm. Preoperative diagnosis included cystic hygroma/branchial cleft cyst (five), lymphoma (one), teratoma (one), and thymic cyst (one). All had a history of rapidly developing neck mass. Seven of the eight gave a history of upper respiratory tract infection (URI) prior to the development of the mass. Five had imaging studies that showed tracheal compression. Three of these required airway management in the early postoperative period. All were excised through a neck incision, with two requiring sternal extension. Histology showed cholesterol crystals, Hassall's corpuscles, and giant cell reaction diagnosis of thymic cysts. There has been no recurrence and no permanent respiratory sequela in the ten patients. Cervical thymic cysts are benign lesions that may be more common than literature suggests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3204467 TI - Experience with hepatic hemangioendothelioma in infancy and childhood. AB - This report describes our experience with 16 infants and children with a mean age of 7 months and a median age of 6 weeks with hepatic hemangioendothelioma. Fifteen patients presented with hepatomegaly. Seven had congestive heart failure and four had associated cutaneous lesions. Although diagnosis was clinically evident in 15 of the 16 patients, arteriography and computerized tomography (CT) were diagnostic. A variety of treatment approaches were used including radiation, resection, systemic steroids, hepatic artery ligation, angiographic embolization, and various combinations of these modalities. The following information was gained from this experience. CT with enhancement is as specific a diagnostic tool as hepatic arteriography. Angiographic and CT appearances do not correlate with prognosis. Most patients can be treated successfully with steroids; those who do not respond should have other approaches tried such as embolization or ligation. The angiographic appearance determines whether embolization therapy is worthwhile, as we found that hemangioendotheliomatosis with portal as well as hepatic arterial supply will not respond to embolization. The survival rate in this series was 80%. PMID- 3204468 TI - Chest wall resection and reconstruction for malignant conditions in childhood. AB - This report evaluates the efficacy of extensive chest wall resection and prosthetic reconstruction in 15 children with chest wall malignancies. There were nine boys and six girls, with a mean age of 9.6 years. Eleven patients had primary chest wall tumors including Ewing's sarcoma (ES), six; rhabdomyosarcoma (RH), two; chondrosarcoma (CS), one; Askin's malignant neuroectodermal tumor, one; and mesenchymal sarcoma, one. Four children had metastases to chest wall and lung from Wilms' tumor (WT), two; osteogenic sarcoma (OS), one; and neuroblastoma (NB), one. Chest wall resection of two to six ribs and reconstruction with Marlex mesh (seven), lattisimus flap (two), prolene mesh (one), and more recently, a Gortex patch (five), was performed. Eight of the patients required concomitant en bloc pulmonary resection (wedge, five; lobectomy, two; pneumonectomy, one) and two required resection of diaphragm. Fourteen received adjunctive therapy (chemotherapy, 14; irradiation, eight [preoperative, five; postoperative, three]. Six patients had second-look resections after chemotherapy. There was no operative mortality. Early pulmonary function was normal; however, pulmonary restrictive disease and scoliosis occurred with growth. One ES patient developed a radiation-induced second malignant tumor at age 10 and one ES child died at age 6 (no evidence of disease) of meningitis. Average survival length for ES patients was 77 months (range, 18 to 132 months.) Currently, eight patients are alive and five are free of disease. Extensive chest wall resection and reconstruction is useful in the treatment of primary chest wall tumors, but is palliative in metastatic cases. The Gortex patch is the current prosthetic of choice. PMID- 3204469 TI - Tackling professional issues: never a dull moment. PMID- 3204470 TI - Integrating clinical practice and research: a challenge for the pediatric nurse practitioner. PMID- 3204471 TI - Hair care in the black patient. PMID- 3204472 TI - Well child care for the chronically ill child. PMID- 3204473 TI - A survey of factors associated with diaper dermatitis in thirty-six pediatric practices. PMID- 3204474 TI - Societal values: a cause of stress in children. PMID- 3204475 TI - NAPNAP Policy Statement on breastfeeding. PMID- 3204476 TI - Minimum health benefits update. PMID- 3204477 TI - Ostomy care and puppets too. PMID- 3204478 TI - Thumb sucking. PMID- 3204479 TI - Interactions of drugs and antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 3204480 TI - Tissue interactions with dentin specimens after demineralization using tetracycline. AB - Greater cell attachment to demineralized dentin has been associated with subsequent development of a fiber attachment system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tissue interactions to dentin demineralized with different concentrations of tetracycline solution. Dentin specimens were obtained from beneath root surfaces covered by periodontal ligament. Each rectangular specimen had a face of root surface dentin and an opposite surface of pulpal dentin. Experimental specimens were treated with a tetracycline solution of either 200 mg/cc or 100 mg/cc for five minutes. The remaining group of specimens served as untreated controls. Specimens were implanted transcutaneously into incisional wounds on the dorsal surface of rats with one end protruding through the skin. Four specimens in each group were available for examination one and ten days after implantation. Histologic and histometric analysis of both root and pulpal surface of implants included counts of adhering cells, assessment of implant length within the connective tissue, and evaluation of connective tissue fiber relationships. In each group, specimens became severely extruded between days one and ten, the number of attached cells decreased, and a fiber attachment system did not develop. Tetracycline-treated surfaces had greater numbers of attached cells at both time points compared to untreated controls. No differences were discernible relating to different tetracycline concentrations. It was concluded that tetracycline-demineralized dentin provided a substrate that increased cell attachment; however, this enhanced response did not result in a connective tissue attachment. PMID- 3204481 TI - The comparative cytotoxicity of periodontal bacteria. AB - The direct cytotoxicity of sonic extracts (SE) from nine periodontal bacteria for human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was compared. Equivalent dosages (in terms of protein concentration) of SE were used to challenge HGF cultures. The cytotoxic potential of each SE was assessed by its ability to (1) inhibit HGF proliferation, as measured by direct cell counts; (2) inhibit 3H-thymidine incorporation in HGF cultures; or (3) cause morphological alterations of the cells in challenged cultures. The highest concentration (500 micrograms SE protein/ml) of any of the SEs used to challenge the cells was found to be markedly inhibitory to the HGFs by all three of the criteria of cytotoxicity. At the lowest dosage tested (50 micrograms SE protein/ml); only SE from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum caused a significant effect (greater than 90% inhibition or overt morphological abnormalities) in the HGFs as determined by any of the criteria employed. SE from Capnocytophaga sputigena, Eikenella corrodens, or Wolinella recta also inhibited cell proliferation and thymidine incorporation at this dosage; however, the degree of inhibition (5-50%) was consistently, clearly less than that of the first group of three organisms named above. The SE of the three other organisms tested (Actinomyces odontolyticus, Bacteroides intermedius, and Streptococcus sanguis) had little or no effect (0-10% inhibition) at this concentration. The data suggest that the outcome of the interaction between bacterial components and normal resident cells of the periodontium is, at least in part, a function of the bacterial species. PMID- 3204482 TI - The effects of exclusion of epithelium from healing periodontal pockets. AB - Epithelium was excluded experimentally from artificially induced periodontal pockets by cutting off the crowns of vital teeth and covering the roots with mucoperiosteal flaps. This procedure was carried out on 58 teeth in eight rhesus monkeys and specimens recovered at from five to 36 weeks postoperatively. Thirty eight (66%) of the teeth remained completely covered by soft tissue for the duration of the experiment. Up to 4.4 mm (mean = 0.9 mm) of new attachment with cementum and attached collagen fibers was found on both the sides of the roots and the cut ends, but root resorption and downgrowth of epithelium over root surfaces were about equally common. Thus, even when epithelium is excluded from healing periodontal pockets, reattachment with new cementum and attached collagen fibers is not consistently achieved, even after periods of 36 weeks. Root resorption and ankylosis are major complications. Although most new attachment appears to result from cells originating in the periodontal ligament, it can also arise from cells from the gingival connective tissue. PMID- 3204483 TI - Collagen linkage in periodontal connective tissue reattachment. An ultrastructural study in beagle dogs. AB - Early stages of connective tissue reattachment to surgically denuded cementum and root dentin following citric acid application were studied in fenestration wounds. Block specimens were obtained after seven, 14, and 21 days. Continuity between newly deposited collagen fibrils in the granulation tissue and unmasked dental matrix collagen had been established within seven days by interdigitation of fibrils in an up to 0.5 micron-wide zone at the cementum or dentin surface. Splicing of collagen at the fibrillar level by direct attachment to the severed end of matrix fibrils or by juxtapositioning of new and old fibrils was seen in rare instances only. At 14 and 21 days, distinct bundles of collagen fibrils inserted deeply into the orifice of dentinal tubules. Arrested and reversed surface resorption was encountered at all time points. At these sites as well, new collagen fibrils interdigitated with denuded matrix collagen, while some resorbed surfaces were characterized by absence of collagen continuity. The results lend continued support to the concept of reattachment based on interdigitation of collagen fibrils. However, since attachment is established even in the absence of this feature, a significant role for specific attachment substances not shown can also be postulated. PMID- 3204484 TI - Severe gingival damage after polysiloxane impression procedures. A case report. AB - This is a report of a 38-year-old white female who developed severe gingival damage after impression for a full crown with vinyl polysiloxane material. Treatment of the lesion consisted of a gingival graft placed directly on bone. A one-year follow-up showed significant re-establishment of a healthy gingival complex. PMID- 3204485 TI - Predicting dependent feeding behaviors in the institutionalized elderly. PMID- 3204486 TI - Blood pressure of elderly persons in relation to dietary practices, sodium preference in foods, and urinary sodium. PMID- 3204487 TI - Child care needs of nursing personnel: the challenge for the future. PMID- 3204488 TI - Factors affecting nurses' decisions to administer pediatric pain medication postoperatively. PMID- 3204489 TI - Cultural factors affecting newborn and infant diarrhea. PMID- 3204490 TI - Nursing interventions for the child with Prader-Willi syndrome. PMID- 3204491 TI - Collaboration as a strategy for success. PMID- 3204492 TI - Adolescents' preferences for a scaling format: a validity issue. PMID- 3204493 TI - Children and morality. PMID- 3204494 TI - Looking at a problem and seeing an opportunity: the Mercy School nurse program. PMID- 3204495 TI - Polyether polyurethanes: biostable or not? AB - Certain polyether polyurethanes have been shown to be biostable in long-term implant studies. Others retain good bulk properties, but have been shown to develop cracks on their tissue contacting surfaces. Two cracking mechanisms have been identified, in vivo stress cracking and metal ion oxidation. Stress cracking is the result of an interaction between the in vivo mammalian environment and residual stress (strain) in the implanted polymer. Mild autooxidation can be initiated by stress cracking. More extensive autooxidation can be initiated and propagated by corrosion of metallic device components, especially the corrosion products of cobalt. Both mechanisms are controllable, thus, do not necessarily preclude the use of polyether polyurethanes in implantable devices. PMID- 3204497 TI - How to help the hungry & homeless. PMID- 3204496 TI - The use of silicone/polyurethane graft polymers as a means of eliminating surface cracking of polyurethane prostheses. AB - The long-term biodegradation of various polyurethanes with and without surface modifications was evaluated by implanting small porous filamentous patches of these materials subcutaneously in the backs of dogs for one month. Data were compared to those obtained with spun polyurethane vascular grafts of similar materials implanted in the aorto-iliac position in dogs. The extremely high surface area of approximately 7 m2/cm3 of these porous filamentous patches provided numerous sites for surface cracking and the very fine filaments (10 microns in diameter) provided an easily identifiable structure to study the cracking phenomenon. Results from numerous one month implants clearly demonstrated that the subcutaneous implant model effectively reproduced the biodegradation behavior observed in vascular graft implants. The degradation was most pronounced in the softer Shore 80A polyurethanes and less pronounced in the harder 55D and 75D polyurethanes. The degradation could not simply be stopped by stress annealing the polyurethane and the degradation did not require the presence of metallic ions. Antioxidants, surface adsorbed albumin, poly(2 hydroxyethyl-methacrylate) grafting, silicone copolymerization, tetrafluoroethylene plasma discharge and the addition of urea linkages to the polymer were also shown to be ineffective in stopping the biodegradation process. In contrast, covalent bonding or grafting of silicone polymer to the surface of the urethane successfully inhibited the biodegradation process. PMID- 3204498 TI - More than a home: one nurse's vision of a healing community. PMID- 3204499 TI - Mercy ships. PMID- 3204500 TI - In the dark: a night nurse struggles to give hope to the elderly. PMID- 3204501 TI - Heartbreak hotel. PMID- 3204502 TI - Why young people need the facts about AIDS. PMID- 3204503 TI - Heavy lithium ingestion and haematological changes in rats. AB - Haematological lesions (viz. total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, RBC count, haematocrit value) have been studied in both adults and freshly weaned rat pups following heavy oral (50 mg/kg b.wt.) lithium administration for 2 months. Significant increase in the total leukocyte count/mm3 and neutrophil count/mm3 accompanied by concomitant fall in the lymphocyte count/mm3 was observed in both the adults and weaned rat pups at all the treatment intervals. Erythrocyte count and the haematocrit values were also significantly increased in both the treated adults and pups as compared to their age matched controls. Physiological significance of these haematological fluctuations has been discussed. PMID- 3204504 TI - Comparative effects of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether exposure on hematopoiesis and histopathology in B6C3F1 mice. AB - Ethylene Glycol (EG) or Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (EGMME) was administered by gavage to both sexes of B6C3F1 mice for 4 consecutive days at total doses of 200, 400, and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Bone marrow parameters were examined on days 1, 5, and 14 after the final treatment. Exposure to EG produced hypocellularity and suppression of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (CFU-C) colony formation in both sexes on days 1 and 5 postexposure. Values returned to normal by day 14 in the female mice but not in the males. Erythropoiesis, as measured by 59Fe incorporation and quantitation of erythroid precursors in culture (CFU-E), revealed no effect in female mice and affected male mice at the high dose only. In contrast, EGMME exposure in female mice resulted in inhibition of erythropoiesis. There was also a pronounced effect on white blood cells with decreased peripheral counts, and decreases in the number of CFU-C's cultured from marrow cells. The effect of EGMME was also seen at the lower dose levels and was sustained through the 14-day evaluation period. In addition, EGMME caused a 20% decrease in testicular weight, which was shown microscopically to be a segmented degeneration of seminiferous tubules, an effect not found with EG. This study demonstrates that EGMME is more myelotoxic in mice than EG and that pancytopenia is more pronounced in males, while erythropoiesis is more affected in females. PMID- 3204505 TI - Morphological alterations in the nasal mucosa in heat stroke. AB - A preliminary histomorphological examination of the nasal mucosa of 8 heatstroke patients who presented without epistaxis, showed stromal vascular damage and degenerative changes in the basal lamina of the overlying epithelium, severe enough in two cases to indicate impending epistaxis, even in the absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). It is suggested that direct damage by the extreme heat to mucosal structures, especially the prominent, thin-walled blood vessels, plays an important role in the genesis of epistaxis in heatstroke even in the absence of DIC. PMID- 3204506 TI - Influence of selenium on 3-methylcholanthrene induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. AB - Incidence of skin papillomas/tumors have been studied in ICRC male mice after surface application of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) after selenium treatment. Decrease in percentage incidence and tumor burden was noticed. Also increase in latent period of induction was observed. As no influence of selenium was noticed on arylhydrocarbon-hydroxylase activity in skin and liver, so activation/inactivation of carcinogen is ruled out with selenium treatment. Since there is significant increase in glutathione S-transferase activity with selenium treatment, hence detoxication pathways may be active in suppression of carcinogenic activity with selenium treatment. PMID- 3204507 TI - Learning disorders associated with the treatment of cancer in childhood. PMID- 3204508 TI - An invitation for collaborative research. PMID- 3204509 TI - Late effects of childhood cancer treatment. Part 1. PMID- 3204510 TI - The concept of care for life. PMID- 3204511 TI - A leukotriene and thromboxane inhibitor (Sch 37224) blocks antigen-induced immediate and late responses and airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic sheep. AB - Peptide leukotrienes and thromboxane A2 are putative mediators of allergen induced late responses and allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), respectively. Sch 37224 blocks antigen-induced leukotriene D4 and thromboxane B2 release in guinea pig lung fragments. It also inhibits leukotriene-mediated allergic guinea pig bronchospasm. Sch 37224 was, therefore, tested in allergic sheep (n = 6) with documented immediate and late airway responses and AHR to inhaled Ascaris suum antigen. For these studies, base-line airway dose-response curves to histamine and carbachol were determined on the same day. The sheep were challenged 1 to 2 days later with Ascaris suum antigen, once after placebo treatment and once after 10 mg/kg of Sch 37224, administered orally 18 and 2 hr before challenge (total dose, 20 mg/kg). Airway dose-response curves were subsequently performed 24 hr after antigen challenge. In the placebo trial, antigen challenge caused significant peak immediate and peak late increases over base line in specific lung resistance (SRL) of 286 +/- 51 and 196 +/- 29%, respectively. SRL returned to baseline values 24 hr later, but the sheep had AHR to both histamine and carbachol as indicated by 2.6- and 3.1-fold increases in the slopes of the dose-response curves (P less than .05). Sch 37224 treatment reduced the peak immediate and peak late increases in SRL to 128 +/- 32 and 43 +/ 17%, respectively (both P less than .05 vs. placebo). Furthermore, 24 hr later, the antigen-induced AHR to both histamine and carbachol was blocked (P less than .05 vs. placebo).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3204513 TI - Endothelium-dependent contraction and -independent relaxation induced by adenine nucleotides and nucleoside in the canine basilar artery. AB - ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine at 10(-8) induced a slight relaxation, and at concentrations greater than 10(-7) M caused a biphasic response consisting of an initial relaxation followed, after a brief period, by a transient contraction in canine basilar artery. ATP (10(-6) and 10(-5) M) caused a triphasic response consisting of a rapid, small contraction, a relaxation and then a second, transient contraction. The order of agonist potency for contraction was ATP greater than ADP much greater than AMP = adenosine, but for producing relaxation the agonists were equipotent. Removal of the endothelium abolished the contraction after the relaxation, but had virtually no effect on the relaxation and the rapid contraction induced by ATP (10(-6) and 10(-5) M). Only the relaxation in response to ATP (10(-6) M) was attenuated by removal of the endothelium. Aspirin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) (5 X 10(-5) M), OKY-046 (a thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor) (10(-5) M) and ONO-3708 (a thromboxane A2 antagonist) (5 X 10(-9) M) attenuated markedly the endothelium-dependent contraction induced by ATP (10(-5) M) and ADP (10(-5) M), but did not affect the relaxation. Phentolamine (10(-6) M) and atropine (10(-6) M) did not affect either the contraction or the relaxation. The relaxations induced by both ATP and adenosine in both endothelium-intact preparations and endothelium-removed preparations were attenuated by 8-phenyltheophylline (P1 antagonist) (10(-6) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3204512 TI - Pharmacological classification of receptors for adenyl purines in guinea pig myometrium. AB - The sensitivity of the smooth muscle of in vitro strips of guinea pig uterus to the contractile-inducing effects of a series of adenyl purines was investigated. Both P1-purinoceptor agonists, such as 2-chloroadenosine, and P2-purinoceptor agonists, such as beta,gamma-methylene ATP, produced concentration-dependent contractions. Responses to 2-chloroadenosine were antagonized by the P1-receptor antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline and those to beta,gamma-methylene ATP by the P2 receptor antagonist 3'-O-3-[N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]propionyl ATP. Significant antagonism of responses to ATP occurred only with combined treatment with 8-phenyltheophylline and 3'-O-3-[4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]propionyl ATP. Responses to both adenosine and ATP were potentiated significantly in the presence of the adenosine uptake blocker S-p-nitrobenzyl-6-thioguanosine. These results indicate the presence of both P1- and P2-receptors in the myometrium and that activation of either receptor leads to contraction. Additional studies with other adenosine analogs, such as 5'-N-ethyl-carboxamine adenosine, R-N6 phenylisopropyladenosine, S-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine and N6 cyclohexyladenosine, indicate that the P1-receptor is of the A1 subtype. PMID- 3204514 TI - Effects of quinidine on the renal tubular and biliary transport of digoxin: in vivo and in vitro studies in the dog. AB - Quinidine is known to inhibit the renal clearance of digoxin without affecting glomerular filtration rate. The renal interaction between these drugs was investigated by a combination of in vivo and in vitro methods. The uptake of digoxin by brush border membrane vesicles was not affected by quinidine. Similarly, digoxin did not inhibit the uptake of the cation N-methylnicotinamide by these vesicles and did not alter the binding kinetics of digoxin to the Na+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase by the antiluminal membrane vesicles. By using the in vivo multiple indicator dilution technique transtubular transport of digoxin was documented; renal-artery infusion of quinidine did not affect the recovery of digoxin in the renal vein or urine. Clearance studies documented that the decrease in the renal clearance of digoxin is paralleled by a significant fall in renal blood flow evidenced by a decrease in p-aminohippuric acid clearance. It is concluded that quinidine inhibits the renal excretion of digoxin not by competition at the tubular cell membrane level, but rather by decreasing renal blood flow. A parallel decrease in biliary clearance of digoxin is documented and may suggest a similar mechanism. PMID- 3204515 TI - Characterization of an "in vitro" blood-brain barrier: effects of molecular size and lipophilicity on cerebrovascular endothelial transport rates of drugs. AB - The in vitro blood-brain barrier model described consisted of confluent monolayers of bovine cerebrovascular cells in primary cultures. Aim of the study was to investigate whether this type of model exhibits transport characteristics comparable to the in vivo blood-brain barrier and whether the cells in the cultured monolayers were able to form tight junctions, the most typical feature of the in vivo blood-brain barrier. Endothelial permeability of fluorescein conjugated dextrans with increasing molecular size was correlated to monolayer pore shape, size and abundance by means of a mathematical model. Results showed that the in vitro pores had a longitudinal appearance with an effective pore size of 81 A and fractional pore area of 0.04%. These data indicate that the properties of the in vitro pores and in vivo tight junctions are comparable. The monolayer model was applied successfully to establish a relationship between endothelial permeability and drug lipophilicity, using several beta blocking agents and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as model drugs. Results showed a sigmoidal relationship between these parameters, indicating the existence of a threshold lipophilicity for passive transendothelial transport. PMID- 3204516 TI - Levels of endogenous opioids and effects of an opiate antagonist during regional cerebral ischemia in rats. AB - Changes in endogenous opioid concentrations and the effect of treatment with the opiate receptor antagonist WIN 44,441-3 (WIN) were evaluated after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCA-O) in rats. Animals treated with WIN at doses of 0.4 to 400 micrograms/kg 15 min, 3 hr and 6 hr after MCA-O had significantly higher mean arterial blood pressure than saline controls (P less than .05). Twenty-four hours after MCA-O, WIN-treated rats had significantly greater recovery of EEG activity and higher neurological scores than the controls; these actions were greatest at a dose of 40 micrograms/kg (P less than .01). The neurological outcome correlated with recovery of the ipsilateral EEG (P less than .01). The mortality rate 24 hr after occlusion and the infarct size were not significantly different from controls. At 1 hr after MCA-O, there were no significant differences in regional concentrations of endogenous opioid peptides (dynorphin, Leu-enkephalin and beta-endorphin) between the injured and uninjured hemispheres. These are the first studies to evaluate the effects of an opiate antagonist over a wide dose range in cerebral ischemia. Dose-related beneficial actions were found with regard to several, but not all, outcome measures. The absence of regional opioid changes after regional ischemia, in contrast to previous studies of spinal cord ischemia and brain trauma, was unexpected, but may reflect limited regional and temporal sampling. PMID- 3204517 TI - Cocaine-elicited mydriasis in the rat: pharmacological comparison to clonidine, D amphetamine and desipramine. AB - Agents known to influence adrenergic function were examined for their mydriatic effects in urethane-anesthetized rats. Both the direct acting adrenergic agonist, clonidine, and the "indirect" acting agonists, cocaine, desipramine and amphetamine elicited mydriatic responses. The polar alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, 4-hydroxyclonidine, did not elicit a mydriatic response when administered systemically; however, it did produce a pronounced mydriatic response when administered i.c.v. Inasmuch as the selective lipophilic alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, but not the polar alpha adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine, reversed the mydriatic effects of clonidine and cocaine, these data suggest that centrally located alpha-2 adrenoceptors elicit the above mydriatic response. The direct acting alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists, clonidine (i.v.) and 4 hydroxyclonidine (i.c.v.), were the most efficacious of the agents studied in eliciting the mydriatic response. The indirect acting agents, amphetamine, desipramine and cocaine, were less efficacious. The rank order potency (ED-50) of these drugs was as follows: clonidine greater than desipramine greater than cocaine = amphetamine. The mydriatic effects of cocaine were attenuated by yohimbine and reserpine pretreatments. In addition, the local anesthetic, procaine, and the polar cocaine analog, cocaine methiodide, were significantly less efficacious than cocaine. These results suggest that cocaine elicits mydriasis by indirectly acting at central and postsynaptically located alpha-2 adrenoceptors. PMID- 3204518 TI - Adenosine promotes histamine H1-mediated negative chronotropic and inotropic effects on human atrial myocardium. AB - Because histamine and adenosine are coreleased from the ischemic heart, we investigated the effects of their interaction on human myocardium. Surgical specimens of human right atrium (i.e., pectinate muscles) responded to histamine with increases in spontaneous rate and contractile force. Adenosine, and the A1 selective adenosine agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), reduced the spontaneous rate and suppressed the positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of histamine. CPA was more potent than adenosine in slowing the spontaneous rate and in suppressing histamine's positive chronotropic effect, suggesting that the responses to CPA and adenosine are A1-mediated. CPA was also more potent than adenosine in attenuating histamine's positive inotropic effect on human ventricular papillary muscle. The adenosine-induced suppression of histamine's effects on pectinate muscles was mimicked by carbachol, which like adenosine is known to attenuate H2-mediated histamine-induced adenylate cyclase activation. The H1-selective histamine antagonist pyrilamine potentiated histamine's chronotropic and inotropic responses, and inhibited the attenuation of these responses by adenosine or carbachol. In contrast, pyrilamine failed to modify the adenosine-induced attenuation of the cardiac stimulatory effects of dimaprit, an H2-selective histamine agonist. Our data suggest that adenosine-induced suppression of histamine's positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on human myocardium results both from an A1-mediated attenuation of H2-stimulatory effects and from the uncovering of H1 negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. Thus, the results of the histamine-adenosine interaction may exceed the "retaliatory" purpose of adenosine release and uncover H1-mediated myocardial depression. PMID- 3204519 TI - N-allylnormetazocine: hemodynamic actions and inhibition of leucine-enkephalin hemodynamic activity in conscious dogs. AB - The hemodynamic actions of dl-, d-, and l-N-allylnormetazocine (NANM) were examined. dl-NANM significantly increased heart rate and systemic arterial pressure in a dose-dependent manner. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) inhibited the hemodynamic actions of 0.5 mg/kg dl-NANM. At a dose of 0.25 mg/kg, l-NANM, but not d-NANM, significantly increased heart rate and mean arterial pressure. The effects of l NANM were blocked by naloxone but not by naloxone-methylbromide, indicating that the opiate effects are mediated by receptors located in the central nervous system. At a higher dose (0.5 mg/kg), d-NANM consistently produced small increases in heart rate and blood pressure which were statistically significant. The hemodynamic actions of Leu-enkephalin were inhibited by pretreatment with dl NANM and l-NANM but not d-NANM. These results indicate that NANM has opiate hemodynamic activity which resides with the levorotary isomer. Dextrorotary isomer activity is nonopiate or possibly nonspecific. Furthermore, there appears to be a inhibitory interaction between NANM-opiate and enkephalin hemodynamic actions. This suggests that NANM-opiate receptors may be involved in modulation of the hemodynamic response to circulating enkephalins. PMID- 3204520 TI - Central muscarinic cholinergic influences on ethanol sensitivity in long-sleep and short-sleep mice. AB - Sensitivity to the hypnotic effects of ethanol was increased selectively by central administration of muscarinic agonists. Carbachol or oxotremorine, but not nicotine, i.c.v., enhanced hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol markedly, as measured by blood ethanol concentration at loss or righting response, in short-sleep (SS) but not long-sleep (LS) mice. Likewise, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, neostigmine, i.c.v., differentially enhanced hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol in these mouse lines. LS and SS mice were equally sensitive to the hypothermic effects of carbachol, neostigmine or oxotremorine i.c.v. The muscarinic antagonists, atropine or pirenzepine, i.c.v., were without effect on ethanol sensitivity, but these compounds antagonized muscarinic agonist-enhanced ethanol sensitivity in SS mice effectively. Pirenzepine, and M1 selective antagonist, produced a parallel shift in the oxotremorine dose-response curve, indicating that the enhanced hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol may be due to interaction of oxotremorine with M1 muscarinic receptors. This possibility was supported by the finding that atropine and pirenzepine which are known to have comparable affinities for M1 but not M2 receptors, had comparable potencies in antagonizing the action of oxotremorine or neostigmine. The results suggest that LS and SS mice differ genetically in neuronal processes activated by specific muscarinic agonists and are consistent with the hypotheses that ethanol acts in part via membrane receptor coupling to intracellular processes known to mobilize intracellular Ca++. PMID- 3204521 TI - Effect of tolmetin glycine amide (McN-4366), a prodrug of tolmetin sodium, on adjuvant arthritis in the rat. AB - The glycine amide of tolmetin sodium (TGA) functions as a prodrug and was demonstrated to be more potent than the parent compound as an inhibitor of developing and established adjuvant arthritis in the female Lewis rat. In contrast, the glycine amide of indomethacin was less potent than indomethacin. The superiority of TGA relative to tolmetin sodium in alleviating this condition was demonstrated by inhibition of paw swelling and reduction of the degenerative bone changes that are associated with the progression of this chronic animal model of rheumatoid arthritis in humans. These properties were not evident when equimolar mixtures of tolmetin sodium and glycine were administered concurrently. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed that TGA was absorbed completely and hydrolyzed to tolmetin in the female adjuvant arthritic rat. The combined effects of absorption, distribution and hydrolysis of TGA produced lower peak plasma tolmetin levels than an equivalent dose of tolmetin sodium, but plasma concentrations were sustained for a longer period of time contributing to an apparent increase in potency. Furthermore, TGA displayed a decreased propensity to cause gastrointestinal irritation compared to tolmetin sodium. Several additional amino acid amides of tolmetin were similar to the glycine amide in exhibiting increased potency and reduced gastrointestinal toxicity in comparison to equivalent doses of tolmetin sodium. PMID- 3204522 TI - SK&F 105494: a potent antidiuretic hormone antagonist devoid of partial agonist activity in dogs. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that in vivo cyclooxygenase blockade in dogs unmasks the antidiuretic agonist activity associated with the vasopressin antagonist, SK&F 101926, and have revealed two new vasopressin analogs, SK&F 104146 and 105494, with greatly reduced antidiuretic agonist activity. The purpose of the present study was to characterize SK&F 104146 and SK&F 105494 for water diuretic activity (aquaretic activity) in hydropenic dogs and for antagonism of vasopressin-stimulated antidiuresis in hydrated dogs. The vasopressin receptor affinity and inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in renal membranes were also studied. When administered to hydropenic dogs, SK&F 101926 (3 or 30 micrograms/kg) did not cause a water diuresis. Substitution of the dipeptide tail of SK&F 101926 with Arg7D-Arg8NH2 (SK&F 104146; 30 micrograms/kg) was associated with a reduction of urine osmolality from 1876 +/- 182 to 349 +/- 94 mOsm/kg of H2O, and an increase in free water clearance (from -0.32 +/- 0.09 to 0.06 +/- 0.09 ml/min). Replacement of the 1 to 6 disulfide bridge of SK&F 104146 with a 1 to 6 dicarba bridge (SK&F 105494; 3 micrograms/kg) was associated with a further reduction of urine osmolality (1709 +/- 281 to 210 +/- 79 mOsm/kg of H2O) and a net positive free water clearance (from -0.56 +/- 0.02 to 0.6 +/- 0.35 ml/min). In water diuretic dogs, SK&F 104146 and 105494 shifted the vasopressin dose-response for antidiuresis to the right. SK&F 105494 appeared to be 3 times more potent than SK&F 104146.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3204523 TI - Antagonism of 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptor-mediated phosphatidylinositol turnover by d-lysergic acid diethylamide. AB - The interactions of the indolealkylamine hallucinogen d-lysergic acid diethylamide (d-LSD) and two phenalkylamine hallucinogens, 2,5-dimethoxy-4 bromoamphetamine (DOB) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), with 5 hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptors were analyzed in rat cortex using both radioligand binding techniques and biochemical measurements of phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover. 5-HT2 binding sites were labeled by [3H]ketanserin. DOB and DOI displayed decreased affinity for 5-HT2 sites in the presence of 10(-4) M GTP, whereas the ability of d-LSD to compete for these sites was not affected by the presence of 10(-4) M GTP. Moreover, the Hill slope of the d-LSD competition curve was unity in both the absence and presence of 10(-4) M GTP. These findings suggest that d-LSD is an antagonist at 5-HT2 receptors. PI turnover studies in rat cortex showed that at 10(-5) M concentrations d-LSD, DOB and DOI display partial agonist activity in comparison to 10(-5) 5-HT. Stimulation of PI turnover by 5-HT, DOB and DOI was inhibited by the 5-HT2 antagonist ketanserin (10(-6) M). The d-LSD PI signal was not affected by the presence of ketanserin. In addition, nanomolar concentrations of d-LSD did not stimulate PI turnover in rat cortex. Moreover, nanomolar concentrations of d-LSD are able to significantly antagonize the stimulatory effect of 10(-5) M 5-HT on PI turnover. These data suggest that d-LSD acts as an antagonist at 5-HT2 receptors in rat cortex. At high concentrations (greater than 1 microM) d-LSD stimulates low-level PI turnover via a non-5-HT2 receptor-mediated mechanism. PMID- 3204524 TI - Stereoselective secretion of atenolol from PC12 cells. AB - Stereoselective storage and release of the cardioselective beta adrenergic receptor antagonist atenolol was studied using cultured PC12 cells as a neural model. [3H]Atenolol efflux from preloaded PC12 cells was increased 4-fold in response to membrane depolarization by elevated extracellular potassium (50 mM). [3H]Norepinephrine release was enhanced 4.5-fold under the same conditions. Potassium-induced release of both [3H] atenolol and [3H]norepinephrine was inhibited completely in the absence of extracellular calcium. [3H]Atenolol release from PC12 cells was also reduced by the calcium channel antagonist nifedipine (IC50 = 1.6 +/- 0.5 nM). In addition, the calcium channel agonist BAY K8644 (1 microM) significantly enhanced potassium-induced [3H]atenolol efflux. After loading overnight, accumulation and storage of the (-)-enantiomer of atenolol by PC12 cells was found to be approximately 3-fold greater than that of the (+)-enantiomer. The (-)-enantiomer of atenolol was also preferentially released by 50 mM potassium with a (-)/(+)-enantiomer ratio of 3.6 to 1. The results support the existence within neurosecretory cells of storage and calcium dependent release mechanisms which result in stereoselective secretion of the (-) or active enantiomer of atenolol in response to membrane depolarization. PMID- 3204525 TI - Agonist and antagonist activities of arylpiperazines at human platelet serotonin2 receptors. AB - A series of arylpiperazines was examined for structure-function relationships at the human platelet serotonin (5-HT) receptor. Amplification of ADP-induced aggregation was used to measure 5-HT receptor activation. The platelet serotonergic agonists 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI), 5-HT and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MeOT) and the antagonist ketanserin were used for comparison of potency and amplitude of response. All arylpiperazines, including the parent compound phenylpiperazine (PP) showed antagonist activity. The monosubstituted phenylpiperazines acted only as antagonists, and electron withdrawing substituents markedly enhanced activity. Modification of PP by addition of another phenyl ring or benz-fusion also enhanced antagonist activity. Benz-fusion at the b face of PP (1-NP) yielded greater antagonist potency than benz-fusion at the c face (2-NP). The latter modification, however, also conferred a variable agonist activity with a very weak response. In contrast, the heteroaromatic piperazines consistently demonstrated concentration dependent mixed antagonist-agonist activity. These compounds were weak agonists compared with 5-HT, 5-MeOT and DOI, although the amplitude of the quipazine response was similar to DOI. This study demonstrates that the arylpiperazines, which are variably selective for the multiple brain 5-HT receptors, are all antagonists on the platelet 5-HT receptor. The antagonist activity is markedly increased by ring monosubstitution or aryl modification. Compared with the monosubstituted analogues, antagonist activity is decreased by heteroaromatic modification or by the addition of an N-aminophenethyl group to the 4-position nitrogen. Weak agonist activity can be conferred by heteroaromatic modification. PMID- 3204526 TI - Salicylic acid causes a diuresis and natriuresis in normal and common bile-duct ligated cirrhotic miniature swine. AB - In patients with liver disease, or in normal subjects who are sodium-depleted, the administration of either a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or acetylsalicylate (aspirin) has a detrimental effect on the kidney; profound renal vasoconstriction and the retention of sodium and water may occur. We observed recently that salicylate (SA), in contrast to meclofenamate (MECLO) or aspirin, caused a diuresis and natriuresis in the sodium-depleted dog. To determine if SA would similarly affect the kidneys in a cirrhotic subject, the effects of SA (40 mg/kg) and subsequent MECLO treatment (2 mg/kg) were evaluated in five normal and six common bile-duct-ligated (CBDL) miniature swine. All six CBDL animals showed signs of biliary cirrhosis and four of the six were ascitic at the time of study. SA did not significantly alter renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate in either the normal or CBDL animals. In both groups, SA caused a significant diuresis and natriuresis. MECLO, given after SA, caused a reduction in renal blood flow in the normal but not in the CBDL animals, but did not alter glomerular filtration rate in either group. In the CBDL animals, when MECLO was given alone a significant decrease in renal blood flow occurred. MECLO abolished the SA-induced diuresis and natriuresis in the normal swine but only affected the SA-mediated natriuresis in the CBDL animals. SA significantly reduced renal prostaglandin E2 excretion in both groups. With MECLO, prostaglandin E2 excretion was reduced further in the normals but not in the CBDL animals. These data demonstrate that SA does not produce detectable renal vasoconstriction in the cirrhotic pig.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3204527 TI - Temperature gradients at two locations within the tooth during cavity preparation in vitro. AB - An improved method has been developed to measure temperature at both the DEJ and the PDJ during cavity preparation. This method allows a more realistic determination of the effects on the pulp tissue of various tooth reduction procedures. In future studies, the same method could also be used to determine pulpal effects from various restorative materials. PMID- 3204528 TI - The effect of limited beryllium additions on a Ni-Cr alloy. PMID- 3204529 TI - Gnathologic assessment of centric slides in postretention orthodontic patients. AB - After 2 weeks of "deprogramming" with an occlusal splint, 92 subjects with a history of comprehensive orthodontic therapy had an average centric slide that was comparable not only to that of an untreated control group, but also to equivalent estimates reported in the literature. It is suggested that for modern man a CO-CR difference may be a normal, physiologically significant by-product of the nature and pattern of mandibular function and the tooth attachment mechanism. Moderate changes in the magnitude of a given patient's centric slide would therefore be expected to regress, not to the population mean, but rather to the CO-CR difference that was present before treatment. PMID- 3204530 TI - The relationship between the disk and the lateral pterygoid muscle in the human temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3204531 TI - Preservation of the alveolar ridge with hydroxyapatite-collagen implants in rats. PMID- 3204532 TI - Bedside nurses: an endangered species. PMID- 3204533 TI - Postoperative pain management: the PACU nurse's challenge. PMID- 3204534 TI - Patient-controlled analgesia: who really benefits? PMID- 3204535 TI - Practical points in the use of midazolam. PMID- 3204536 TI - Analyzing qualitative data. PMID- 3204537 TI - The emotions of professional writers. AB - In this study, 24 professional writers completed a short pencil-and-paper questionnaire on which they indicated how they felt before, at a pause, and after specific writing episodes. The intensity with which they experienced 20 emotions was assessed, as was the frequency with which these emotions were experienced when writing in general. Results indicated that the professionals experienced positive emotions significantly more often when writing in general than they experienced either negative-active or negative-passive emotions. Negative-passive emotions such as boredom, shame, and shyness were particularly rare and weak. During the actual writing process, positive emotions tended to intensify, whereas negative-passive and negative-active emotions resisted change. Sponsorship of writing had little impact on the quality of emotions experienced during the process. The professional poets, however, experienced negative-active emotions significantly more often when writing in general than did the prose writers. PMID- 3204538 TI - The relationship between aerobic activity and cognitive performance under stress. AB - This study examined the relationship between regular aerobic activity and cognitive performance under stress when personality and inherent aptitude were statistically controlled. Aerobically conditioned subjects have been shown to mediate the physiological response to stress under physical challenge. Would aerobically conditioned subjects also respond more efficiently to psychological stress under cognitive challenge? Forty volunteers completed a battery of personality and aptitude measures and then completed two cognitive tasks (written tests of logic), one under a condition of no stress, the other while being verbally pressured by a test monitor. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured during and after each cognitive task. Contrary to the experimental hypothesis, aerobic activity was related to inferior cognitive performance and to elevated blood pressure under stress. Inherent cognitive aptitude and personality traits emerged as far more important correlates of cognitive performance under stress than did the level of exercise. PMID- 3204539 TI - Radiation sensitivity of human bone marrow fibroblast colony forming unit (CFU-F) to various radiation sources. PMID- 3204540 TI - Effect of 89 Sr-induced monocytopenia on splenic and pulmonary alveolar macrophage populations in a normal steady state. PMID- 3204541 TI - The effects of peer review in general practice. AB - This paper describes the effects of an intensive, structured programme of peer review on the behaviour of general practitioners. Trained assessors evaluated 43 doctors before and after participating in the programme. Both the medical and non medical performance of the general practitioners was assessed using a previously tested measuring instrument. In addition, the prescribing behaviour of the participants was compared with that of a control group. After taking part in the programme, the work of the general practitioners conformed more closely to a number of criteria for good general practice care. This was particularly true for clarifying the questions and expectations of the patients, active stimulation of patient involvement, history taking and providing information and advice to patients. The greatest change occurred among general practitioners who had previously conformed least with the established criteria. During peer review participants in the project prescribed fewer drugs, such as analgesics, tranquillizers and antibiotics, than before peer review while non-participants prescribed more. The value of these changes is discussed. PMID- 3204542 TI - Practice receptionists: poorly trained and taken for granted? AB - Seventy receptionists from 20 general practices in Newcastle upon Tyne were interviewed using a questionnaire to determine their demographic and social characteristics, tasks performed and training experience. The majority of receptionists were mature married women working part-time; only 13% had received any formal training. Most receptionists had no career structure and only 9% had ever been given a written job description. Thirty-one per cent of receptionists did not feel appreciated by their general practitioners and more (49%) felt unappreciated by the general public. However, they believed their main function was to help patients. From the description of their work receptionists are clearly integral and essential members of the primary health care team.To achieve the development of primary care services it is likely that practices will need to employ more ancillary staff, and these staff will require more pre-service and in service training. PMID- 3204544 TI - Hours of work and fatigue in doctors. PMID- 3204543 TI - Do antidepressants cause folic acid depletion? A pilot study. AB - Chronic administration of tricyclic antidepressants is common; folic acid depletion is a potential consequence adversely affecting the mental state. In a pilot study prior to research in the community, serum and red cell folate and serum vitamin B (12) levels were measured in the following elderly psychiatric inpatients: 14 controls (patients not receiving any drugs with known antifolate activity), 11 receiving tricyclic antidepressants, 13 receiving antipsychotics (phenothiazines) and four receiving an anticonvulsant (carbamazepine). Patients on prolonged treatment with carbamazepine or phenothiazine drugs had lower concentrations of folate in serum and erythrocytes compared with controls; the decrease was statistically significant for the effect of phenothiazines on serum folate levels. Tricyclic antidepressants, which are in widespread use in the community, did not cause folate depletion during the first two years of treatment. PMID- 3204545 TI - Prevalence of depression in general practice patients over 75 years of age. AB - The prevalence of depression among 74 male and 211 female patients aged 75 years or over registered with a group general practice was assessed, using the geriatric depression scale. Test scores of 0- 10, suggesting no depressive illness, were observed in 63 (85%) men and 172 (82%) women. Mild depression (scores 11-20) was observed in 10 (14%) men and 36(17%) women and severe depression (scores 21-30) in one (1%) man and three (1%) women. No significant statistical association was found with age or sex, suggesting that elderly men and women are equally prone to depression.A general practitioner found clinical manifestations of depression in 29 of the patients (10%). The geriatric depression scale scores were compared with clinical diagnoses of depression. Those with high scores were more likely to be depressed and vice versa. Thirty two elderly patients (11%) with no clinical manifestation of depression recorded high scores on the geriatric depression scale. These patients may be described as ;psychiatric cases'. Uncertainty about the importance of early identification of these cases necessitates further screening and regular follow-up of elderly patients. PMID- 3204546 TI - Computerized family practitioner committee records--a data base for general practitioners. AB - In the primary care environment the role of preventive medicine is assuming increasing importance and general practitioners need accurate and up-to-date information about their practice population. Computerization of family practitioner committee registers should provide a readily accessible data base from which data about groups of patients within the practice area can easily be extracted. This paper describes a study carried out in Northumberland, which set out to establish the type of information which would be of interest to general practitioners and how it could be produced.It was found that a data base holding only registration data was of limited value to general practitioners, although useful for identifying target groups for screening programmes and showing demographic trends within the practice. The doctors felt that the inclusion of medical data would make the register a far more effective resource. PMID- 3204547 TI - Opportunistic health promotion: do patients like it? AB - In a five doctor general practice 100 adults attending routine surgeries were given questionnaires to assess the influence of discussing health promotion on their satisfaction with the consultation. Health promotion topics were discussed in 74% of the 86 consultations analysed. Of these consultations, blood pressure was mentioned in the largest number (48%) and breast self-examination in the smallest (6%). Patient satisfaction was not significantly influenced by the inclusion or omission of such topics. The highest mean satisfaction score was for those discussing smoking and the lowest for those discussing alcohol. Most patients (84%) found discussion of health promotion helpful and felt comfortable (62%); only two patients felt uncomfortable doing so. PMID- 3204548 TI - Format and content of medical record summaries in 27 training practices. AB - Twenty seven established trainers enrolled on an advanced course for trainers were sent a set of medical records with the instruction to summarize them as they would any set of records going into their practice. The main finding of the study was the great variability of the summaries produced, often owing to the failure to include important information from the continuation cards. The need for nationally recognized standards in summary making is discussed. PMID- 3204549 TI - Discrepancies in the availability of open access services: comparison between the Northern and Oxford regions. AB - General practitioners have long been aware of variations in the range of open access services available to them.This study compares the availability of 22 open access services in the Northern and Oxford regions and examines possible reasons for variations. From data collected from general practitioners and community managers two striking patterns emerge. First, there is a difference between the regions with wider availability in the Oxford region. Secondly, there are differences in the range of services available between health authorities, sometimes neighbouring, within the same region, although this is less marked in Oxford.These discrepancies probably reflect the situation nationally and it would appear questionable whether there is any policy coordination at regional or national level to ensure an equitable distribution of open access services. PMID- 3204550 TI - The College: academic or political? PMID- 3204551 TI - AIDS--is general practice meeting the challenge? PMID- 3204552 TI - How easily can practices be contacted during normal working hours? PMID- 3204553 TI - Home births. PMID- 3204554 TI - Advantages of a fellowship. PMID- 3204555 TI - Digoxin prescribing in general practice. PMID- 3204556 TI - Nifedipine and prostatism. PMID- 3204557 TI - Disabled living centres. PMID- 3204558 TI - Telephone management of out-of-hours calls. PMID- 3204559 TI - Antibiotics in acute otitis media. PMID- 3204560 TI - James Mackenzie lecture 1987. Clinical medicine and the health divide. PMID- 3204561 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs--prescribe with caution. PMID- 3204562 TI - Counsellors in general practice. PMID- 3204563 TI - Epilepsy in the community. PMID- 3204564 TI - Infectious diseases update: AIDS. PMID- 3204565 TI - Invitation to attend a health check in a general practice setting: comparison of attenders and non-attenders. AB - A sample of 1570 men and women aged 20-45 years registered with an inner-city Cardiff practice were offered the opportunity by their general practitioner to have a health check at the surgery. The demographic characteristics, attitudes, beliefs and preventive health behaviour and past contact with the practice were compared for a sample of 259 non-attenders and 216 attenders. The results showed that attenders were generally better educated, better motivated to look after their health, had fewer ties and commitments, performed more healthapproved practices, had had more recent contact with their own practice and accepted the legitimacy of a general practitioner's interest in his patients' lifestyle. Offering cohorts of patients additional screening services is unlikely to be efficient or effective since it is the low-risk people already known to the doctor who are most likely to attend. The onus lies on primary health care to provide services in a way which permits appropriate screening of the high-risk groups as they attend for other reasons. PMID- 3204567 TI - Survey of young principal groups in the United Kingdom. AB - Of 164 young principal groups identified, 107 replied to a questionnaire asking for details of the groups and their activities. Eighty one per cent of the groups had been in existence for less than five years and 57% gave continuing medical education as one of the reasons for forming the group. The majority of groups were run informally and 55% had social meetings to which spouses were invited. The groups varied in size from six to 50 members and members' surgeries were the most popular meeting place. Clinical topics proved the most successful and group discussion was the preferred form of meeting. Groups formed for less than three years were less likely to have meetings with specialists than groups formed for three years or more and were more likely to have discussions about personal/partnership problems. Although 67% of the groups had sought outside help at some time 78% did not need any help at present.These self-help groups appear to be self-sufficient and to be meeting the continuing education and personal/social needs of young principals. PMID- 3204566 TI - Invitation to attend a health check in a general practice setting: the views of a cohort of non-attenders. AB - Two hundred and fifty-nine men and women aged 20-45 years who did not respond to an offer from their general practitioner for a health check were interviewed at home to explore the reasons for non-response. There was no support for the view that the invitation aroused anxiety or that the administrative arrangements had been a barrier to acceptance. Many subjects were not really interested (44%) or just forgot to attend (24%). Crises at work or home (26%) and current attendance at a doctor (16%) were other reasons offered, while 11% felt screening to be in appropriate. There is little that can be done to change these rates except by a shift of public opinion to more consumer demand for health checks or by more opportunistic health checks when people attend their doctors for other reasons. The dangers of marketing health checks to increase consumer demand are discussed in the light of these findings and other work. PMID- 3204568 TI - Use of laboratory services and communication of results to patients in an urban practice: an audit. AB - The pattern of investigations in an urban practice of 4200 patients was monitored over an eight-week period. An assessment was made of the characteristics of patients who sought the results of their investigations.During the study period there were 1522 consultations and 186 investigations were carried out on 155 patients. More females were investigated than males (3.4:1) with most tests among 31-40 year old women. At the end of the study period only 95 patients (61.3%) knew the results of their tests and of 34 abnormal results nine were not relayed to patients. The probability of a patient collecting a result was not influenced by the patient's age or sex, the reason for carrying out the test or the instructions given by the doctor for collection of the result. Abnormal test results were more likely to be collected than normal results.These findings suggest that many practice systems of relaying information to patients need modifying. Whose responsibility it should be to pass on the results of patients' investigations is discussed. PMID- 3204569 TI - Trends in the reported rates of suicide by self-poisoning in the elderly. AB - Trends in the reported rates of suicide by self-poisoning in the elderly from 1974 to 1984 are presented. When all drugs were considered together there was evidence of a slow but progressive decline in age specific rates of suicide in both sexes over the period studied. When individual drugs were considered, however, the overall fall was attributable almost exclusively to a fall in suicides using barbiturates, which reflected the decrease in barbiturate prescribing over this time. Suicides using other drugs, particularly benzodiazepines and analgesics for mild to moderate pain, increased, particularly among elderly women, with coproxamol showing the biggest increase over the period studied. In many cases deaths were the result of multiple drug ingestion. Implications for the management of the elderly at risk are discussed in the context of the difficulties in identifying depressive illness in the elderly and the general rise in the elderly population. PMID- 3204570 TI - Incidence of acute otitis media in infants in a general practice. AB - A 12-month study of the incidence of acute otitis media in children under three years of age in an urban practice of 10 000 patients showed that acute otitis media accounted for one in 10 of all episodes of illness presented. In contrast to findings in Scandinavia and the USA the incidence of acute otitis media in the first year of life (11.5%) was lower than in the second year (28.6%). The study included a number of children in their third year and the incidence in this group was higher still (30.8%).The problems of defining acceptable diagnostic criteria for acute otitis media, and the relation of these diagnostic criteria to the differences in our results compared with previous studies are discussed. PMID- 3204571 TI - General practitioners and opiate-abusing patients. AB - General practitioners' involvement with patients who abuse opiates has increased in recent years but little is known about the difficulties they may encounter in working with such patients. This study examined a series of general practitioner consultations with patients who were abusing heroin and describes the problems that arose. Manipulative behaviour, lying about symptoms and a lack of motivation to give up drug use were common among drug abusers; by such behaviour, the patients failed to satisfy the underlying assumptions on which the doctor-patient relationship ordinarily depends. There is a need to evolve alternative approaches for the care of this group of patients which will help general practitioners to establish more effective relationships with them. PMID- 3204572 TI - Diabetic supervision. PMID- 3204573 TI - Diabetes mini-clinic. PMID- 3204574 TI - Inter-practice visiting. PMID- 3204575 TI - AIDS, HIV and general practice. PMID- 3204576 TI - Childhood cancer survivors and their offspring studied through a postal survey of general practitioners: preliminary results. AB - A postal survey is being carried out among the general practitioners of survivors of childhood cancer born before 1963 and treated in Britain. The response rate is currently about 88%. Based on a preliminary analysis of 2001 questionnaires it emerged that fewer childhood cancer survivors married than was expected from the general population. The number of live births to female survivors was 57% of that expected from general population rates. The frequency of congenital malformations among the offspring was not in excess of that expected on the basis of large population based surveillance rates and the number of malignant tumours observed was broadly similar to that expected from general population rates, although the results were based on very small numbers. The present data, taken together with other studies of the offspring of cancer survivors, provides grounds for optimism with regard to the inherited component of childhood cancer and the effects of radiotherapy and cytotoxic drugs on germ cell mutation. PMID- 3204577 TI - General practitioner relocation in an urban area. AB - One important factor affecting access to primary health care is the location of the general practitioner but it is often assumed that opportunities to influence the distribution of general practitioners are minimal owing to their low propensity to relocate. In this study in an urban area of Manchester a relatively high level of turnover over nearly five years was observed among 488 general practitioners, reflecting factors such as changes of practice within the study area (6% of general practitioners), movements to new premises without changing practice (7%), moves into (23%) and out of (20%) the study area and retirements (13%). Some characteristics of movers were examined and compared with those of other general practitioners. It is argued that levels of turnover may be predictable to some extent, but that family practitioner committees need greater knowledge of general practitioners' movements in order to influence the distribution of general practitioner services. PMID- 3204578 TI - The bacteriology of a rural general practice: a retrospective six-year study. AB - The organisms cultured and their antibiotic sensitivities, together with clinical details, were obtained from all the available bacteriology requestlresult forms from a rural practice over a six-year period. The 3022 bacteriology specimens analysed yielded 997 potential pathogens. The main infections studied were those of the urinary tract, the upper respiratory tract and the skin and soft tissue. In spite of the fact that trimethoprim alone had never been used in the practice, 29% of urinary tract pathogens were resistant to this drug. Ninety-six per cent of isolates of Haemophilus influenzae were sensitive to ampicillin. The overall results suggest that most infectious disease in rural general practice can be managed with a limited and inexpensive antibiotic regimen. Such a regimen is described. PMID- 3204579 TI - Prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis: a general practice audit. AB - A method of identifying patients at r,sk from bacterial endocarditis is described. All at-risk patients in one practice were identified, contacted and counselled. Twothirds of these at-risk patients had no contact with the appropriate hospital outpatient department. It is suggested that the general practitioner has the primary role in the prevention of this disease. PMID- 3204580 TI - Views of general practitioners in the Oxford region on microcomputing and collaboration with health authorities and family practitioner committees. AB - A postal questionnaire was sent to the senior partners of all 353 general practices in the Oxford region to investigate their interest in microcomputing and in pooling data with other general practitioners, health authorities and family practitioner committees. The response rate was 58%. Twenty per cent of responders already used a microcomputer and a further 59% intended to purchase a microcomputer for the practice. Nearly all the practices with an interest in microcomputing wanted to use it to produce age-sex registers, to establish recall groups and for repeat prescribing. Approximately 90% of interested practices reported that they would be prepared to link their data with family practitioner committees or health authorities, while 76% were interested in collaborating with other general practitioners for research. The results show that general practitioners will require support in utilizing the data that they produce. PMID- 3204581 TI - Censoring of patient-held records by doctors. AB - Computer-held information is increasingly shared between general practice and hospitals and with the provisions of the Data Protection Act now in operation, the practical issues of disclosure to patients need to be reviewed. Patients attending diabetic clinics at University Hospital, Nottingham, are routinely issued with a copy of their computerheld record but a previous study showed a high level of censoring by the hospital doctors. This paper reports a review of a sample of 251 censored records, containing 426 problems, whereby the doctors concerned provided reasons for the censoring and restored information they thought suitable. After the review, only 8% of censored problems, that is 1% of all problems, remained censored. An additional 2% of all problems were deleted from the patient's copy at the request of the patient. It is essential that systems which allow censoring of patient records have continuous built-in audit to monitor the reasons for censoring. PMID- 3204582 TI - The place of homoeopathic medicine in postgraduate education for general practice. AB - The academic growth of homoeopathic medicine justifies and depends upon adequate representation within the postgraduate curriculum of general practice. Its role and status within the health service requires this if it is to be an effective and well integrated therapeutic option for doctors and patients. Its approach to illness offers a perspective that enhances the general practitioner's traditional management skills. This paper explores these themes in the context of the growing public and professional interest in and demand for this form of treatment. PMID- 3204583 TI - Intimacy and terminal care. AB - Four cases are summarized in which the general practitioner is involved in the terminal care of one partner of a stable marital relationship. The need to conceptualize the expectations of the patient, the family and the doctor in terminal care is stressed. An attempt is made to illustrate how the quality of the pre-existing sexual relationship, the dying person's own sexuality, and ultimately the capacity for physical expression of intimacy in the marriage profoundly influence choices in terminal care and the quality of dying. PMID- 3204585 TI - Well woman advisory centre. PMID- 3204584 TI - Dietary sources of vitamin B12 for vegans and other special groups. PMID- 3204586 TI - Audit of diabetic care. PMID- 3204587 TI - Patients' views on preconceptual care. PMID- 3204588 TI - Sex and health promotion. PMID- 3204589 TI - Women's preferences for sex of doctor. PMID- 3204590 TI - Women doctors. PMID- 3204591 TI - The College and health for all. PMID- 3204593 TI - Rediscovering the role of the pharmacist. PMID- 3204594 TI - Society for the Study of Fertility. 6th joint meeting. London, 19th-20th December 1988. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 3204592 TI - Bringing home the Bacon. PMID- 3204595 TI - Formal educational level--a marker for the importance of behavioral variables in the pathogenesis, morbidity, and mortality of most diseases? PMID- 3204596 TI - Honeybees and arthritis: sharpening perspective on a sticky issue. PMID- 3204597 TI - The clinical value of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire Functional Disability Index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We administered the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire functional disability questionnaire to a cohort of 400 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) every 6 months during a mean followup of 3.1 years. Simple classification into 3 groups based on Functional Disability Index (FDI) scores (0-1, 1.1-2, 2.1 3) identified patients with increasingly more severe scores for clinical, psychological, and demographic variables; and FDI scores at entry predicted increased inpatient and outpatient utilization of services, and mortality. The FDI provided important and clinically useful current and predictive information regarding RA status, utilization of services, and mortality that was not available through conventional testing. Our data suggest that such information can be easily and inexpensively obtained. PMID- 3204598 TI - Modulation of cartilage proteoglycan synthesis by osteoarthritic synovium. AB - Conditioned media derived from explant cultures of human osteoarthritic synovial tissue have been shown to contain preformed and newly synthesized factors of variable molecular weight which are capable on a concentration dependent basis of modulating cartilage proteoglycan metabolism. Anabolic inhibitory and stimulatory activity often appeared to coexist, a reversible down-regulation usually dominating in unfractionated preparations. The size of newly synthesized proteoglycan aggregates and monomers and the length of glycosaminoglycan chains produced in the presence of conditioned media were normal. The pattern of anabolic response did not necessarily correlate with the presence of catabolic inducing activity. PMID- 3204600 TI - Tolerance of cyclosporine A in children with refractory juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In an open trial, tolerance and safety of cyclosporine A was studied in 14 patients with refractory juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). The doses varied from 4-15 mg/kg/day. Treatment lasted for greater than 12 months in 11 and 6 to 9 months in 3 patients. Eleven patients were withdrawn due to lack of efficacy (4) or side effects (7). A drop of greater than 2 g/l in hemoglobin and a marked rise in serum creatinine were the cause of withdrawal in 5 patients. The effect of cyclosporine on disease activity seemed to be mainly symptomatic and temporary. Probably, the dose should be kept below 5 mg/kg/day. Future controlled studies should be aware of a risk of aggravation of anemia in children treated with cyclosporine. PMID- 3204599 TI - Cysteine proteinase activity in arthritic rat knee joints and the effects of a selective systemic inhibitor, Z-Phe-AlaCH2F. AB - The role of cathepsin B, H and L activities in arthritic processes was studied histochemically using specific synthetic substrates in a postcoupling method on unfixed and undecalcified cryostat sections of rat knee joints. Only cathepsin B in synoviocytes, chondrocytes and fibroblasts showed a strong increase in activity due to antigen induced arthritis. The addition of a tissue stabilizer, polyvinyl alcohol, to the incubation medium enabled us to demonstrate extracellular enzymic activity within the articular cartilage matrix of arthritic joints. Both intravenous and oral treatment of the animals with a selective inhibitor of cathepsin B, Z-Phe-Ala fluoromethyl ketone (CH2F), during the development of arthritis suppressed the degree of inflammation and resulted in decreased intracellular and extracellular cathepsin B activity as detected histochemically, and less cartilage damage. Our study indicates that (a) cathepsin B-like activity plays a role in the cascade of proteolytic cartilage destruction, (b) chondrocytes and fibroblasts may well be involved in the breakdown of cartilage and ligaments, and (c) Z-Phe-AlaCH2F could be of therapeutic value. PMID- 3204601 TI - Pain, functional disability, and psychological status: a 12-month study of severity in fibromyalgia. AB - We mailed monthly questionnaires regarding fibromyalgia symptoms to 75 patients during a one-year period. Fibromyalgia symptoms in individual patients were generally stable over time as assessed by repeated measures and slope analyses, but patients clearly differed from one another in symptom severity. Pain, psychological status, and functional disability, but not sleep disturbance or morning stiffness, were the independent explanatory factors for disease severity in regression models. Functional disability has not been recognized previously as an important factor in fibromyalgia severity, but our data suggest that it should be assessed as a process and outcome measure in future fibromyalgia studies. PMID- 3204602 TI - Coexistence of Paget's disease and dermatomyositis. AB - The occurrence of Paget's disease and dermatomyositis in a single patient has not been previously reported. We present 2 patients with this combination of disorders and consider why these diseases might coexist. PMID- 3204604 TI - Nocardiosis associated with low dose methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3204603 TI - Seroconversion to Borrelia burgdorferi in a patient with juvenile arthritis in Ontario, Canada. AB - A seroconversion to Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, was documented in a 5 year old girl from central Ontario. Our patient developed juvenile arthritis in January, 1984 when she was 14 months old. It was relatively well controlled with aspirin. Her arthritis flared in April, 1986 at which time seroconversion to B. burgdorferi was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. She was treated with phenoxymethyl penicillin and has had no further flare of her arthritis. The possible relationship between her rheumatic disease and her seroconversion to B. burgdorferi is discussed. PMID- 3204605 TI - Severe bone marrow failure due to low dose oral methotrexate. PMID- 3204606 TI - Low dose methotrexate and acute respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 3204607 TI - Pulse methylprednisolone in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3204609 TI - Serial CSF immunoglobulins in CNS SLE. PMID- 3204608 TI - Stroke and anticardiolipin antibodies in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and large granular lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 3204610 TI - Acroosteolysis and polymyositis. PMID- 3204611 TI - Candida albicans infection of a prosthetic knee replacement. PMID- 3204612 TI - Congenital kyphoscoliosis versus ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 3204614 TI - The monitoring of clinical and pharmacological effects of antiinflammatory drugs in populations. Proceedings of a workshop. Toronto, Canada, October 30-31, 1987. PMID- 3204613 TI - Lingual and scalp infarction as a manifestation of giant cell arteritis: delay in diagnosis leading to blindness. PMID- 3204615 TI - Definition of events associated with drugs: regulatory perspectives. AB - Drug regulations in the United States require that all clinical events reported associated with a marketed drug be collected by the manufacturer and provided to the regulatory agency. In the clinical setting, many factors determine (a) the likelihood of an event being detected, (b) the attribution of the event to the drug, and (c) the actual spontaneous reporting of the drug event association to the manufacturer, regulator or to the literature. In formal postmarketing trials to collect information on events occurring in drug exposed patients, the events detected are greatly determined by characteristics of the trial design. The further analysis of events suspected to be adverse drug effects is described. Once an adverse effect is hypothesized, a number of factors will determine whether it can be further studied in a meaningful, cost effective way. PMID- 3204616 TI - Features of the French postmarketing drug surveillance system. Application to cutaneous effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. AB - The French drug surveillance system is characterized by several original features: 29 regional centers in France collect, analyze and enter the adverse drug reactions (ADR) in a national data bank; reporting of severe ADR by prescribers is mandatory; data are collected either as spontaneous reports (warming-step) from prescribers or by direct request when an intensive validation study is set up from the data of the spontaneous reports; each validation study evaluates only well documented cases which thus can lead to a decision of imputability to assess the drug effect relationship; the reaction time of the system is fast: severe ADR (agranulocytosis, Lyell's syndrome) can be identified as soon as they occur, and it takes less than one year between the first warning case report and the final restrictive decisions for any drug concerned. Such a system answers the question whether an individual patient in a drug treated group developed the adverse reaction because of the drug. This type of analysis can lead to emphasis on some special features, pathological causes, genetic or environmental factors, pharmacological causes, which may serve to initiate epidemiological studies as a next step. These studies can indicate, in statistical terms, a greater occurrence of an ADR group and thus are an aid to define the population at risk. The results of a national inquiry on cutaneous adverse effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs observed in France in 1985 have led to an original classification of drugs regarding that risk. PMID- 3204618 TI - Postmarketing surveillance--some ethical considerations. AB - While postmarketing surveillance presents many of the ethical problems characteristic of research involving human subjects, this article focuses on some of the more frequently encountered issues: It is necessary to distinguish research from practice because ethical justification for these two classes of activity differs in important respects. Most research involving medical records may be conducted without informed consent provided patients are given adequate notice of such activities. Access by researchers to patients through their medical records requires careful planning to avoid what patients might consider unwelcome intrusions. Choosing the timing and format of publication of results often requires careful balancing of the interests of concerned parties such as the public, regulatory agencies, industrial sponsors and researchers. PMID- 3204617 TI - Pharmacoepidemiology: the industry's perspective. AB - The pharmaceutical industry has a vital interest in, and plays a central role regarding, the issues of safety of the medicines it produces. Not only does industry have the basic and broadest expertise and "ownership" in drugs, it also is in an ideal position to receive and evaluate important information. At the center of spontaneous voluntary reporting (particularly in the US) it is a partner in generating signals of potential safety problems. And, as a scientific leader, it is a vital partner with academia and government in developing and using the evolving capacity for pharmacoepidemiology for proper examination of these signals using structured epidemiology study. Particularly, the importance of the large automated database in this regard is emphasized. Where the public's health is concerned there is no "different" industry perspective. PMID- 3204619 TI - Concentration-effect relationships of NSAID. AB - For the most part, plasma concentrations of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) have not correlated well with assessments of therapeutic response. This disappointing record may largely reflect weaknesses in experimental design. It may also be, however, that concentrations in plasma bear only a distant relationship to those in the inflamed tissues where NSAID presumably act. Elimination kinetics, protein binding, fat solubility, tissue blood flow, and uptake by cells may be determinants of concentration and response in target tissues. These factors are considered as they relate to NSAID concentrations in synovial effusions. PMID- 3204620 TI - Research challenges: overview of epidemiological study designs. AB - This paper provides an overview of the epidemiological techniques used in pharmacoepidemiology. Definitions, advantages and disadvantages of the various types of study design are presented and potential sources of bias are discussed. An important challenge and the source of major controversies is the evaluation of cause and effect relationships when exposure to a drug is associated with the occurrence of an adverse event; we present an established set criteria suggesting inferences about causation. PMID- 3204622 TI - Can satyrs control pests and vectors? PMID- 3204621 TI - Overview of different logistical approaches to postmarketing surveillance. AB - The study designs used for postmarketing surveillance are those of epidemiology, but very large sample sizes are needed. Therefore, a number of specific logistical approaches have been developed. One can use spontaneous reports of adverse reactions, aggregate population based data, computerized collections of data from organized medical care programs, data collected for postmarketing surveillance on an ongoing basis, existing data collected as part of other ad hoc studies, or data collected de novo for the study being conducted. Each is described in more detail, along with its advantages and disadvantages. PMID- 3204623 TI - Colonization and response of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to pollution levels in experimental dairy wastewater ponds. PMID- 3204624 TI - Field evaluation of Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) and description of a natural epizootic involving a new isolate of the fungus. PMID- 3204625 TI - Medium-sized mammal hosts of Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) at Land Between the Lakes, Tennessee, and effects of integrated tick management on host infestations. PMID- 3204627 TI - Effects of photoperiod on nymphal diapause in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). PMID- 3204626 TI - Interactions between malaria (Plasmodium yoelii) and leishmaniasis (Leishmania mexicana amazonensis): effect of concomitant infection on host activity, host body temperature, and vector engorgement success. PMID- 3204628 TI - Exploitation of bedding in dairy outdoor calf hutches by immature house and stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae). PMID- 3204629 TI - Population dynamics of the American dog tick (Acari: Ixodidae) in relation to small mammal hosts. PMID- 3204630 TI - Protomyobia (Acari: Myobiidae) species groups and the Brevisetosa complex of mites on North American shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae). PMID- 3204631 TI - A new method for determining vitellogenin in hemolymph of female Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae). PMID- 3204632 TI - Obstetrical manpower in Mississippi: where are the babies being born? PMID- 3204633 TI - Intraoperative detection of unilateral spinal cord dysfunction by somatosensory evoked potentials. PMID- 3204634 TI - AMA membership equals dollars and sense. PMID- 3204635 TI - Success and failure in penile prosthesis surgery: two cases highlighting the importance of psychosocial factors. AB - Two cases, carefully selected from a longitudinal, prospective investigation of the relationship between psychosocial variables and postsurgical adjustment to a penile prosthesis implantation, were studied intensively. In both cases, the patient and sexual partner were assessed, presurgically, on a number of psychological, marital, and sexual functioning variables; their subsequent satisfaction with the prosthesis, and their psychological, marital, and sexual adjustment were measured at 6 and 12 months postsurgery. Despite many similarities in medical aspects of the surgery, for one couple a successful outcome was evidenced, whereas the other couple demonstrated a therapeutic failure despite the technical success of the surgery. Psychosocial differences between the couples were identified as they may relate to the discordant outcomes observed. Clinical implications of these results are discussed, as are the strengths and weaknesses of our methodological approach. PMID- 3204636 TI - Self-monitoring and self-focus in erectile dysfunction. AB - Self-focused attention can cause anxiety and poor performance in those with low self-efficacy expectations. Self-monitoring is frequently used in sex therapy assessment. If self-monitoring is conceptualized as a self-focusing manipulation, it would be expected to cause "spectatoring," anxiety and deterioration in individuals with erectile dysfunction. Therefore, this investigation explored the relationship between the dispositional tendency to focus attention on the self (self-consciousness) and sexual behavior in males with erectile dysfunction, and evaluated the effects of self-monitoring on erectile dysfunctional males who differed in dispositional self-consciousness. Results indicate that (a) individuals with erectile dysfunction were less dispositionally self-conscious than nondysfunctional individuals, (b) self-monitoring had no adverse effects on any aspect of sexuality investigated, and (c) manipulated and dispositional self focus had no interactive effects. Implications of these results for sex therapy and for a better understanding of etiological and maintaining factors in sexual dysfunction are discussed. PMID- 3204637 TI - The technique of coital alignment and its relation to female orgasmic response and simultaneous orgasm. AB - To enhance male-female sexual compatibility, principles of physical alignment were formulated to make clitoral contact possible in coitus. The Coital Alignment technique combines (a) the "riding high" variation of the "missionary" coital posture, with (b) genitally focused pressure-counterpressure stimulus applied in the coordination of sexual movement. It was hypothesized that the Alignment technique would correlate with high frequency of female orgasm and partner simultaneity. A questionnaire was given to a group of males and females (n = 43) who had learned the Alignment technique, and to a volunteer group (n = 43) who had no knowledge of the Alignment concept. The mean age for the experimental females (n = 22) was 39.7, and for the control females (n = 22) was 38.7. Analysis of variance and post-hoc LSD procedures conducted on the key dependent variables showed significant differences (p less than .05, two-tailed) between experimental and control females, favoring experimental females on the orgasmic attainment criteria of coital orgasm, simultaneous orgasm, and orgasm experienced as "complete and satisfying." Pearson Product Correlations were conducted across all four groups, experimental and control males and females combined (N = 86). Greater adherence to behaviors associated with the Coital Alignment technique- learned and incidental--had a significant positive correlation with the above and additional sexual satisfaction variables (p less than .01). The Alignment technique may be an important option for a majority of women that have difficulty in attaining orgasm in coitus. PMID- 3204638 TI - Identifying and treating the sexual repercussions of incest: a couples therapy approach. AB - Given the significant number of adults who were sexually victimized as children and the serious negative effects that sexual abuse can have on sexual functioning, clinicians need to be prepared to recognize and treat the intimacy concerns of adult incest survivors. Broadening the definition of incest to include nontouch sexual abuse, this paper describes types of sexual problems commonly expressed by survivors, such as sexual dysfunction, fear of sex, conditioned negative reactions to sex, flashbacks to the abuse, and mind-body dissociation. The intimate partner of the survivor is viewed as a secondary victim of the incest, who often displays a unique set of sexual and emotional concerns as well. A four-stage couples therapy approach is presented which includes identifying the problem, working together on incest resolution, changing old sexual intimacy patterns, and creating positive sexual experiences. This model is a dynamic combination of incest resolution therapy, sex therapy, and couples therapy. Therapeutic dilemmas and considerations are discussed and recommendations given for increasing the effectiveness of therapy. An argument is made as to why a couples therapy approach is the preferred method of treatment. PMID- 3204639 TI - [Surgical experiences of retinal detachment with silicone band encircling]. PMID- 3204640 TI - The role of red blood cell distribution width in the differential diagnosis of microcytic anemia. PMID- 3204641 TI - [An immunological study of malnourished infants]. PMID- 3204642 TI - [Hallopeau-Siemens type dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa--a case report]. PMID- 3204643 TI - Extracranial internal carotid artery dissection: a case report with review of literature. PMID- 3204645 TI - Ruptured cerebral hydatid cyst: a case report. AB - In this report we describe a case of cerebral hydatid cyst which ruptured into the subarachnoid space and suggest points which help in the preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 3204644 TI - Teaching ORT to women: individually or in groups? AB - Programmes to promote the widespread use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea used a variety of methodologies to carry the message to mothers. The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) sent its health workers to individual households, and mothers were trained through a one-to-one approach. The cost of training a mother was 72 US cents. Recently, an alternative approach was tried. Instead of individually, mothers were trained in groups which halved the cost. Outcome indicators, such as usage, knowledge and safety of ORT solution, were looked at for each type of approach and were not found to be significantly different. PMID- 3204646 TI - Salmonella responsible for infantile gastroenteritis in Mosul, Iraq. AB - The aetiological role of salmonella in acute diarrhoeal illness in infants aged between 4 weeks and 7 years admitted to the Mosul Paediatric Hospital (North Iraq) was studied. Patients consisted of 63 males and 48 females. Almost all (18) salmonella positive cultures were isolated from patients under 2 years old who comprised 84 (75.6%) of the total sample. A wide variety of species of salmonella were found with Salm. typhimurium and Salm. worthington predominating. Most of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. This study emphasizes the importance of high rates of Salmonella spp. as potential causes of diarrhoeal disease in infancy and children. PMID- 3204648 TI - Epidemiology of head lice infestation in school children at Peshawar, Pakistan. AB - An epidemiological survey of head lice infestation among school children at Peshawar (Pakistan) was conducted from April to December 1986. Lice were detected by visual inspection and combing of the head. A total sample of 2287 students (1499 girls, 788 boys) aged 8-16 years from six schools revealed an overall prevalence of 46%, with girls showing a higher infestation rate (49%) than the boys (40%). The infestation in girls was more common in one of the three girls' schools surveyed, while in boys it did not differ significantly among different schools. The prevalence decreased as a linear function of age in both sexes. Pediculosis was directly related to hair length, and the rate of decrease with age was uniform in the three hair length categories compared. The infestation was directly related to crowding at home, and was negatively associated with dandruff. Like prevalence, the degree of infestation was higher in girls than in boys and decreased linearly with age in both sexes. PMID- 3204647 TI - Primary tumours of the small intestine in Jamaica. AB - A review of 60 patients with primary small bowel tumours seen at the University Hospital, Jamaica, during the 15 year period 1971-1985, revealed that adenocarcinoma was the commonest tumour (27%), followed by smooth muscle tumour (23%), and carcinoids (11%). There were 32 malignant and 28 benign tumours. The mean age at presentation was 56 years, with a range of 4 to 85 years. The most common clinical presentation was intestinal obstruction, followed by pain, weight loss, abdominal mass and intussusception. In the majority of patients the diagnosis was not made preoperatively, and 80% with adenocarcinoma had lymph node metastases. Increased awareness of the diagnosis in symptomatic patients may result in improved survival. PMID- 3204649 TI - Proceedings of the 52th annual scientific meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society. May 1988, Akita. Abstracts. PMID- 3204651 TI - Reproductive studies of NY-198 in rats. II. Teratology study. AB - Lomefloxacin (NY-198), a new antibacterial agent, was administered daily by gavage to groups of 32 pregnant female rats of the CD strain at dosages of 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg/day from Day 7 to Day 17 of gestation. Twenty-one females in each group were killed on Day 20 of gestation for examination of their uterine contents. Eleven females in each group were allowed to deliver their litters and the offspring were examined for growth and functional development. At the highest dosage (300 mg/kg/day), there was a small reduction in maternal weight gain and a transient reduction in food intake during the treatment period. Foetal and placental weights were markedly reduced. However, survival, growth and development of F1 offspring were unaffected and, with the possible exception of a slight reduction in F2 foetal weight, their reproductive performance was unimpaired. At the intermediate level (100 mg/kg/day), maternal body weight gain and food intake during the treatment period were slightly reduced but, with this exception, the performance of F0 females and of the F1 generation was essentially similar to that of the vehicle controls. At the lowest dosage (30 mg/kg/day), no adverse effects were recorded on either the F0 females or the F1 generation. On the basis of the above results 30 mg/kg/day was considered to be the no effect level for the F0 females treated during gestation while 100 mg/kg/day administered during gestation to F0 females had no effect upon performance of the F1 generation. PMID- 3204650 TI - Reproductive studies of NY-198 in rats. I. Fertility study. AB - Lomefloxacin (NY-198), a new antibacterial agent, was administered daily by gavage to groups of 22 male and 22 female rats at dosages of 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg/day. Males were dosed for 71 days before pairing and then until termination, and females were dosed for 15 days before pairing, throughout mating and until Day 7 of gestation. Females were killed on Day 20 of gestation for examination of their uterine contents. Males were killed after approximately 14 weeks treatment and their reproductive organs were weighed and retained. At 300 mg/kg/day the majority of animals showed increased salivation, water intake was slightly increased throughout the treatment period in males and before pairing in females whereas food intake showed a slight, transient reduction during the first few days of treatment in both sexes. Body weight gain of males was marginally depressed during the first week of treatment, but no other signs of reaction to treatment were observed. At 30 and 100 mg/kg/day some animals exhibited increased salivation after being dosed. At all dosages, NY-198 was without adverse effects upon mating performance and fertility, or upon survival, growth and development in utero. On the basis of the above results it is considered that the no effect level with respect to reproduction and breeding performance of treated F0 animals and the in utero development of the foetuses was 300 mg/kg/day. A dosage of 100 mg/kg/day was considered to be the no effect level for somatic changes in the F0 animals, and even at the highest dosage of 300 mg/kg/day only slight effects were recorded on the F0 animals. PMID- 3204652 TI - Reproductive studies of NY-198 in rats. III. Perinatal and postnatal study. AB - Lomefloxacin (NY-198), a new antibacterial agent, was administered daily by gavage to groups of 22 pregnant female rats of the CD strain at dosages of 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg/day from Day 17 of gestation to Day 21 of lactation. Females were allowed to deliver their litters and the offspring were examined for growth and functional development. There was a slight maternal response at the highest dosage (300 mg/kg/day), including increased salivation after dosing, reduced food intake in the treated period of gestation and increased water intake during the lactation period. Gestation length was slightly increased, although remaining within the laboratory background control range; in consequence, body weight of F1 offspring at Day 1 post partum was slightly increased. At 100 mg/kg/day, a few females showed increased salivation after dosing and there was a slight increase in gestation length. Birth weight of F1 offspring was slightly increased at 30 and 100 mg/kg/day but all values were within laboratory background control ranges. The survival, functional responses and fertility of F1 offspring were essentially unaffected by NY-198. On the basis of the above results, 30 mg/kg/day was considered to be the no-effect level for the F0 females treated during late gestation and lactation whilst 300 mg/kg/day administered to the F0 females had no adverse effect upon their offspring. PMID- 3204653 TI - A clinical index for the timing of blood cultures in febrile patients with acute leukemia. AB - In an attempt to define a clinical index for the timing of blood cultures in febrile patients with acute leukemia, subjective symptoms at onset of bacteremia were investigated in a total of 109 consecutive episodes. General malaise, chills, and nausea and vomiting were most frequently observed (66%, 59%, and 50%, respectively). The gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort and fullness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were encountered in 72% of all the episodes, forming the second largest group next to those closely associated with high fever. These GI symptoms were usually mild and of brief durations, and their occurrence had no relation to sites of infections or etiology of bacteremia. In some cases, nausea and vomiting were aggravated by intensive antileukemic chemotherapy or massive GI bleeding. It was thus suggested that GI symptoms, particularly nausea and vomiting, concomitant with a remarkable, sometimes abrupt rise in temperature during granulocytopenia may serve as a useful index for the timing for blood collection for culture to improve the probability of detection of bacteremia. PMID- 3204654 TI - [Clinical laboratory approach for estimating effective administrative dose of cefuzonam. Evaluation of disc susceptibility test and its interpretation system]. AB - In vitro activities of cefuzonam (CZON) against 273 clinical isolates were studied through the evaluation of MIC's and the results of disc susceptibility test. The MIC's were determined using the agar dilution method at an inoculum level of 10(6)CFU/ml. The MIC80's of CZON against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Haemophilus influenzae and Citrobacter spp. were less than 0.20 microgram/ml. The MIC80's against Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter aerogenes were both 6.25 micrograms/ml, and that against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 100 micrograms/ml. The MIC80's against Staphy-lococcus epidermidis were 25 and 6.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. Approximately 70% of strains of S. aureus were inhibited at concentrations less than 1.56 microgram/ml. For the interpretation of the CZON Showa 30 micrograms disc susceptibility test a 4 category system was used. In the 4 category system for Showa disc containing CZON, the following classification inhibitory zone diameters has been proposed: ( ) MIC less than or equal to 3 micrograms/ml, (++) MIC greater than 3-15 micrograms/ml, (+) MIC greater than 15 60 micrograms/ml, (-) MIC less than 60 micrograms/ml. Reliability of the CZON disc tests in estimating approximate MIC values was studied using Showa 30 micrograms discs and discs prepared in this laboratory containing 1-10 micrograms CZON. A good negative correlation was observed between inhibitory zone diameters and MIC's, showing the reliability of the disc method. The results of the test using Showa 30 micrograms disc against various clinical isolates were accurately classified into the 4 groups except those against P. aeruginosa. Some strains of P. aeuruginosa showed false positive results, exhibiting relatively larger inhibitory zone diameters compared with MIC's against these organisms. As CZON is not effective against P. aeruginosa a much better overall correlation between MIC's and the disc test would result when P. aeruginosa was excluded. With Showa 30 micrograms discs of various cephalosporins, sub-classification of strains with MIC less than 3 micrograms/ml cannot be achieved. In this study, however, it was demonstrated that differentiation of strains with MIC's less than 0.5-1.56 micrograms/ml was possible when discs containing 1-10 micrograms of CZON were used. According to recent concepts on pharmacokinetics for antibiotics including penetration of drugs into tissues and inflammatory fluids, serum protein binding of drugs appears to be one of the important determinants of drug distribution in the body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3204655 TI - [Clinical laboratory approach for estimating effective administrative dose of cefoperazone. Evaluation of disc susceptibility test and its interpretation system]. AB - To interpret of the cefoperazone (CPZ) disc susceptibility test, a 4 category system is used in Japan, but a 3 category system is used in the U.S.A. and Europe. In the 4 category interpretation system of Showa CPZ disc the following classification is used: ( ) MIC less than or equal to 3 micrograms/ml, (++) MIC greater than 3 approximately 15 micrograms/ml, (+) MIC greater than 15 approximately 60 micrograms/ml, (-) MIC greater than 60 micrograms/ml. In the 3 category system the classification used is as follows: susceptible MIC less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml, moderately susceptible MIC greater than 16 approximately 32 micrograms/ml, resistant MIC greater than 32 micrograms/ml, or susceptible MIC less than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml, moderately susceptible MIC greater than 32 approximately 64 micrograms/ml, resistant MIC greater than 64 micrograms/ml, depending on dose levels, 1 or 2 g. Reliability of the CPZ disc susceptibility test in estimating approximate MICs by classifying the test results into 4 categories was studied using discs containing 1, 2, 5, 10, 30 and 75 micrograms. The MICs were determined using the agar dilution method at an inoculum level of 10(6) CFU/ml. A good negative correlation was observed between inhibitory zone diameters and MICs, showing reliability of the test using these discs. The results obtained with discs containing 30 or 75 micrograms of CPZ were well categorized into the 4 groups mentioned above. Some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis, however, showed false positive results. When different break points of inhibitory zone diameters than those used for other bacteria were used for P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis was excluded from the test, an excellent correlations were obtained. With 30 or 75 micrograms discs, it was unable to subclassify strains against which MICs of CPZ were below 3 micrograms/ml. However, with discs containing 1 to 10 micrograms, it was possible to separate the strains against which MICs were less than 0.5 microgram/ml. The fact that most frequent values of MICs of CPZ against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes etc. were less than 0.5 microgram/ml supports the usefulness of low dose discs. According to recently ongoing concepts on the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics and their penetration into tissues and inflammatory fluids, serum protein binding appear to be one of the important determinants of drug distribution in the body. Only free, unbound drug molecules can readily pass through capillary pores into tissue fluids except into hepatic biliary system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3204656 TI - [Clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup on Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the neonate and infant]. AB - A dry syrup preparation for infants and children of a newly developed 16-membered macrolide antibiotic, rokitamycin, was administered to 5 neonates and low birth weight infants of 6 to 25 days after births at a dose level of 10 mg/kg on an empty stomach then plasma drug levels were determined. The dry syrup preparation was also given to a total of 19 Chlamydia trachomatis infection cases of 7 days to 8 months old neonates, low birth weight infants and infants including 12 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of conjunctivitis and 5 non-symptomatic carriers at an average daily dose level of 48.1 mg/kg in 2 to 4 doses for an average of 19 days and its clinical effects, bacteriological effectiveness, side effects and effects on laboratory test values were examined. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Because the test subjects were neonates and premature infants, obtainable amounts of blood samples were limited, thus it was not possible to determine time courses of plasma drug levels to reach their peaks. Peak plasma levels, however, were speculated to be similar to those in children. Plasma half lives of the drug were also not determinable, but they seemed to be somewhat longer than those in children. 2. Clinical efficacies were determinable in the 2 cases of conjunctivitis and 10 of the 12 cases of pneumonia, with excellent or good results in both cases of the former and with excellent or good results in 9 of the 10 determinable cases of the latter. Thus, the overall efficacy rate was high, 91.7%. 3. Bacteriological efficacies were determinable in 18 cases including non-symptomatic carriers. C. trachomatis was eradicated in 16 of the cases with an overall efficacy rate of 88.9%. 4. Diarrhea was observed in 2 cases, which were suspected as side effects of the drug. 5. No abnormalities were observed in the laboratory test results. Judging from the above results, this drug appears to be useful for the treatment of C. trachomatis infections of neonates, low birth weight infants and infants. PMID- 3204657 TI - [Clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup on skin and soft tissue infections in the pediatric fields]. AB - Rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup, a newly developed macrolide antibiotic, was administered to children with ages between 6 months and 15 years and 10 months suffering from skin and soft tissue infections including 41 cases of impetigo, one case of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and 2 cases of subcutaneous abscess totalling 44 cases. The average daily dose level used was 31.3 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses, for an average of 6 days of treatment. MICs of 4 different macrolide antibiotics including RKM, erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM) and midecamycin acetate (MDM acetate) were determined against 32 bacterial strains isolated from these cases including 30 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 2 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes. The inoculum level used was 10(6) cells/ml. Among these strains of bacteria, 20 strains of S. aureus and 1 strain of S. pyogenes were also used, at the same inoculum size, for the determination of MICs of 4 beta-lactam antibiotics including 3 different penicillins such as ampicillin (ABPC), methicillin (DMPPC) and cloxacillin (MCIPC) and cefaclor (CCL), a cephem antibiotic. RKM was then evaluated through the above treatment for its clinical efficacy, bacteriological effects, side effects and effects on laboratory test values. Obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Activities of drugs tested were compared to each other. MIC90 of RKM against S. aureus averaged 0.39 microgram/ml, and against no strains of S. aureus showed MIC values of higher than 25 micrograms/ml, thus, the antibacterial activity of RKM against S. aureus was the highest among the 8 drugs tested. The activity of MCIPC was next highest followed by that of DMPPC, MIC determination was done on only 2 strains, or, for some drugs, only one strain, of S. pyogenes, and RKM showed activities somewhat lower than ABPC and EM, and similar to JM and CCL within the limited testing. 2. Clinical efficacies of RKM determined by doctors in charge were 97.6% in the 41 cases of impetigo, with good or excellent efficacies were observed, 100% in the single case of SSSS and the 2 cases of subcutaneous abscess. Thus an overall efficacy on the 44 cases was rated very high, at 97.7%. 3. Clinical efficacy rating according to accumulated scores was determinable in 37 cases including all the 3 diseases on the third day of treatment with an efficacy rate of 89.2%. Ratings were determinable on the fifth and the seventh days of treatment in 24 and 21 cases, respectively, with all the cases judged good or excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3204658 TI - [Clinical studies of cefpodoxime proxetil in respiratory tract infections]. AB - Twelve patients with respiratory tract infections were treated with cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR), a new cephem antibiotic. It was given orally at a dose of 200 mg 2 times a day for 4 approximately 15 days. Its clinical effects were evaluated as excellent in 1 case, good in 9 cases and poor in 2 cases. The efficacy rate was 83.3%. Its bacteriological effects were evaluated as eradication in 5 strains and decrement in 1 strain. The eradication rate was 83.3%. No adverse reactions and disorder of laboratory findings due to CPDX-PR were observed. PMID- 3204659 TI - [In vitro activity of minocycline against Chlamydia trachomatis clinical isolates and clinical efficacy of minocycline to C. trachomatis associated nongonococcal urethritis]. AB - The in vitro activity of minocycline (MINO) against Chlamydia trachomatis and its efficacy in the treatment of C. trachomatis-associated nongonococcal urethritis were investigated. Six isolates of C. trachomatis were inhibited at 0.06 micrograms/ml of MINO and 5 isolates at 0.03 micrograms/ml. All cases received oral MINO twice daily for 7 or more days in doses of 100 mg. In 5 of 31 cases, 2 g of spectinomycin was intramuscularly administrated together with MINO only once. C. trachomatis was eliminated in all cases tested. Excellent results were obtained in 26 cases (84%); urethral discharge and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) disappeared or decreased to normal levels (3 cells/hpf or less) in these cases. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 8 cases, 7 of which became free of ureaplasmal infection. MINO seemed to be less effective on the decrease of PMN in the urethral smear in cases infected coincidentally with C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum than in cases infected with C. trachomatis alone. No subjective side effects were observed in any of the 31 cases studied. In conclusion, MINO was a useful antimicrobial agent for the treatment of C. trachomatis- and U. urealyticum-associated nongonococcal urethritis. PMID- 3204660 TI - [Predictions of the incidence of cancer in Japan in the year 2000]. AB - The incidence of cancer in Japan in the year 2000 was predicted according to sex, age-group, and primary site, using the annual incidence data in the Osaka Cancer Registry for 1966-83 and the annual standardized mortality ratio of Osaka residents to all residents of Japan in 1966-83. (1) The incidence of cancer in Japan in the year 2000 was predicted to reach 479,500 cases (365.5 per 100,000 population), or a 1.66-fold increase over that of 1985. Forty-nine percent of these cases would be aged 70 years or older. (2) As for the 5 leading cancer sites in the year 2000, out of this total of 479,500 cancer cases, 80,300 were estimated to occur in the lung, 77,200 in the stomach, 45,200 in the colon, 35,500 in the liver and 28,000 in the breast. PMID- 3204661 TI - [A clinicopathological study of multiple thyroid carcinomas]. AB - Thyroid cancers associated with multiple cancerous lesions that were detected by clinical and/or histological examination, namely, multiple thyroid carcinomas have been studied clinicopathologically. Of 443 cases of primary thyroid cancers, 111 (25%) had multiple cancerous lesions. Histologically, most multiple cancers consisted of papillary carcinomas. In 66% of the cases, the size of the second cancer was 1.0 cm or less. Fifty-three percent of multiple cancers were located in both the right and left thyroid lobes. Therefore, it is important to examine the contralateral lobe at operation to be certain that there are no other nodular lesions. Since lymph node metastasis was positive in 83% of the cases, it is necessary to perform bilateral neck dissection in multiple cancer cases of not only the bilateral but also of the unilateral type. PMID- 3204662 TI - [Radiotherapy of squamous cell lung cancer]. AB - A retrospective study was made of 56 patients with squamous cell lung cancer, who were inoperable or unresectable and had completed a course of radiotherapy at Jichi Medical School Hospital from August, 1973 to December, 1986. All cases had a performance status score of 80-100 (Karnofsky), no evidence of a distant metastases and tumors that had received a minimum total dose of 50 Gy. The patients were treated with one of three therapy regimens: split course (SC, 32 Patients), conventional fractionation (CF, 13), or multiple daily fractionation (MDF, 11). The over-all median survival time was 13.0 months, and the 2 and 5 year survival rates were 29.2% and 14.7%, respectively. The patients treated with the split course had the lowest survival rate in comparison with the other two groups. Comparison of the patients with the continuous course (CF + MDF) were significantly higher (P less than 0.025) than that of the split course. Patients with MDF had better local control. Age, tumor stage, and the size of the booster field were found to be factors which influenced the survival rate with a fair statistical significance. The survival rate increased with an increase in age, a decrease in the tumor stage, and in the size of the booster field. These findings have important implications for the design of future clinical trials for patients with squamous cell lung cancer. PMID- 3204663 TI - [Surgical problems encountered in cases of S0 (serosal invasion-free) gastric cancers]. AB - In this paper we have studied 649 resected cases of S0 (macroscopically negative serosal invasion) gastric cancer, this number of S0 gastric cancer resections experienced from a total number of 1692 patients treated at our hospital during the previous 16 years. The five-year survival rate of S0 cancers was 94% for patients given curative resections. Most of S0 cancers were histologically restricted within the pm layer but a few had reached the ss gamma or se layer. Non-curative factors in S0 cancers we recomposed of cancer positive stumps in the IIb-like margin, liver metastasis in the differentiated type carcinomas with ss invasion, and surgically left lymph node metastasis in the advanced carcinomas. As for lymph node dissections, our study reveals that an R2 dissection in the C and M regions, and a R3 or R2 + No.12 dissection for the A region are recommended. Modes of recurrence were characterized by liver or other hematogeneous metastasis in pm cancers or lymph node-positive cancers at the antrum, and by a peritoneal recurrence at the corpus in cases of advanced cancers. Histological ps(-) cancers showed a different survival result than did the S0 cancers and S(+) cancers. PMID- 3204664 TI - [Su-polysaccharide skin test and immunotherapy with OK-432 in postoperative gastric cancer--the effect of a splenectomy]. AB - A SU-polysaccharide skin test (SU-PS test) has been employed and studied as a parameter for monitoring the immunological status of OK-432 treated patients who had undergone a curative gastrectomy for a gastric cancer in stages II and III. The median diameter of the erythema (SU-PS value) was found to have no relation to the number of lymphocytes and the serum protein level and was depressed by combined chemotherapy. The SU-PS value was significantly higher in patients not given a splenectomy than in patients who had undergone a patients splenectomy. The spleen is considered the essential organ to focus on in OK-432 immunotherapy. PMID- 3204665 TI - [A case of cystic changes in a giant leiomyoblastoma of the stomach]. AB - A 44-year-old male was admitted to hospital with a complaint of abdominal distention. A CT scan revealed a giant multicystic mass in the abdominal cavity, a tumor that measured 34 cm in diameter, which had risen from the gastric body and grew in an exophytic fashion with a stalk. Histologic findings exhibited a malignant leiomyoblastoma with cellular pleomorphism and a intracytoplasmic cystic change, which included disseminated nests of immature small round cells. After excisional surgery, the patient has had no sign of a recurrence for the past two years. PMID- 3204666 TI - [Lipoleiomyoma of the uterus--report of a case]. AB - A case of lipoleiomyoma, measuring 4 x 4.5 x 5 cm, in the uterine corpus is reported in a 64-year-old multiparous woman. Histologically, the tumor was mostly composed of mature fatty tissue intermingled with small amount of fibrous and smooth muscle components in an irregularly reticular or clustered pattern. Immunohistochemically fibroblast-like cells around the perivascular areas of the fibrous components were positive in various numbers for S-100 protein, desmin, vimentin, neuron specific enolase, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and Factor VIII. These results indicated the possibility that the present lipoleiomyoma was derived from multipotential undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, resembling fibroblast-like cells. PMID- 3204667 TI - [Diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3204668 TI - [In vitro culture of megakaryoblastic progenitors and its clinical application]. PMID- 3204669 TI - [Sensitivity and differentiation induction effect of a human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line (MEG-01s) by chemotherapeutic agents]. PMID- 3204670 TI - [The c-sis gene expression in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia cells]. PMID- 3204671 TI - [Levels of antithrombin III and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in bone marrow aspirate]. PMID- 3204672 TI - [Prognostic factors in the myelodysplastic syndromes]. PMID- 3204673 TI - [Correlation of immunophenotypes with chromosomal findings in acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3204674 TI - [Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia associated with hypercalcemia]. PMID- 3204675 TI - [A case of idiopathic plasmacytic lymphadenopathy with polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia concurrent with severe anemia and hyperviscosity syndrome]. PMID- 3204676 TI - [Usefulness of urinary polyamine determination in distinguishing acute myelocytic leukemia, M6 form myelodysplastic syndrome]. PMID- 3204677 TI - [Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia associated with progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 3204678 TI - [Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with inv(16) (p13q22) developed in a case of ovarian cancer]. PMID- 3204679 TI - Evaluation of mass screening for thyroid cancer. AB - Mass screening for detecting both thyroid and breast cancer in adult women was carried out in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, between 1980 and 1986. The total number of subjects during the seven years was 152,651. The first screening was by inspection and palpation using experienced surgeons. Thyroid abnormalities were found in 5,902 subjects (3.9%) and 3,804 (2.5%) were required to attend a second examination. Thyroid carcinoma was detected in a total of 216 subjects, a detection rate of 0.14%. The detection rate for thyroid cancer was twice as high at the initial screening (0.19%) than that at subsequent periodic screenings (0.09%). Histological classifications of the detected thyroid cancers were: papillary carcinoma, 189 cases (87.5%); follicular carcinoma, 26 (12%); medullary carcinoma, 1 (0.5%). Eighty-seven percent of the thyroid cancers were asymptomatic at the time of screening. The tumor size were 2 cm or less in 126 patients (58.3%). Thyroid cancer detected by mass screening was revealed at an earlier stage and showed a significantly better survival rate compared to that of our usual outpatients. As differentiated carcinoma has been found at a higher incidence by mass screening, the program is useful for the early detection and treatment of thyroid cancer. PMID- 3204680 TI - A histopathologic study on 1,095 surgically resected thyroid specimens. AB - A histopathologic study was made on 1,095 thyroid specimens which had been removed surgically under various diagnoses at Seoul National University Hospital during the six-year period, 1976-1981. Among the 1,095 surgically removed thyroids, adenomatous goiter was the most common single disease, accounting for 43% of all cases; this was followed by papillary carcinoma and follicular adenoma. Of the malignant tumors, papillary carcinoma was the most frequent, accounting for 259 cases, 76.85% of all malignancies. Ground glass nuclei and psammoma bodies were seen in approximately 64% and 65% of the papillary carcinomas, respectively. Squamous metaplasia was, however, present in 17%. There were also 53 follicular, 13 anaplastic and seven medullary carcinomas. Of the 56 occult sclerosing carcinomas, most were detected in the backgrounds of the adenomatous goiters. Occult sclerosing carcinoma was found in 9.2% of the adenomatous goiters and in 4.3% of the follicular adenomas. PMID- 3204681 TI - A clone with a chromosome abnormality, i(17q), in the myeloid crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia is able to differentiate into neutrophil, basophil and eosinophil lineages. AB - Simultaneous cytogenetic and morphologic observations of single colonies derived from granulocytic precursor cells were performed on a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) during the myeloid crisis. Colonies having a Ph1 chromosome and i(17q) were found to consist of neutrophilic/basophilic, eosinophilic/basophilic or basophilic granulocytes. These findings led to the conclusion that cells having the additional abnormality, i(17q), are still able to differentiate into neutrophil, basophil and eosinophil lineages. In other words, this chromosome abnormality does not give a proliferative advantage to a restricted cell lineage. PMID- 3204682 TI - Clinical response to busramustine (KM-2210) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a pilot evaluation of estrogen receptor in relation to its therapeutic effect. AB - Busramustine (KM-2210), the benzoate of a 17 beta-estradiol-chlorambucil conjugate, was administered to 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) which included eight cases of B-cell CLL and three cases of T-cell CLL. Four patients had received prior chemotherapy. Busramustine was given orally at an initial daily dose of 50-100 mg continuously, and the dose was modified according to hematological improvement. Two cases of B-cell CLL achieved clinical complete responses, six cases including two of T-cell CLL and four of B-cell CLL achieved partial responses and one case of B-cell CLL achieved improvement. The partial and complete response rate was 72.7%. Four patients showed estrogen receptor activity of CLL cells ranging from 3.5 to 57.5 fmol/mg cytosol protein, but there seemed to be no correlation between the estrogen receptor activity of the CLL cells and the therapeutic effects of busramustine. Toxic effects included diarrhea (2/11) and estrogen-related symptoms including breast pain (4/11), genital bleeding (2/5), gynecomastia (2/6) and loss of libido (2/6). The findings of this preliminary study suggest that busramustine is effective in the treatment of CLL, irrespective of the presence of the estrogen receptor. PMID- 3204684 TI - Serum testosterone level in the peripheral vein and the perigastric draining vein of patients with gastric carcinoma. AB - The serum testosterone level (STL) was determined in 181 patients with gastric carcinoma, 128 male and 53 female, and in 98 patients with benign diseases, 67 male and 31 female. As in our previous report, the preoperative STL of the cancer group was significantly lower than that of the control group, in both male and female patients (P less than 0.001). In the present study, the STL of the perigastric vein draining the stomach was determined and compared with the STL of the blood obtained at the same time from the peripheral vein during the operation. It was found that, in the male patients, the STL of the blood obtained from the perigastric vein draining a stomach with carcinoma was significantly lower than that of the peripheral vein in the same patient (P less than 0.001); however, there was no difference between these STL in the control group. On the contrary, in the female patients during operation, no such phenomenon was confirmed. Analysis classifying the patients by histological type revealed almost the same results for all patients as those shown for the cancer group, i.e. there was a proven significant difference in male patients and no significant difference in female patients. It was therefore considered that the mechanism of decrease in preoperative peripheral STL was not always the same in male patients as in female patients, although the STL decrease was observed to be similar in both sexes before surgery. PMID- 3204683 TI - Gastroduodenal complications in patients with adult T-cell leukemia. AB - Gastroduodenal endoscopic examinations were performed on 15 patients with adult T cell leukemia (ATL). Twelve had the disease in acute form, two in chronic form and one patient was in crisis. Eight patients had gastroduodenal lesions, four esophageal candidiasis, three gastric infiltration and two duodenal ATL-cell infiltration. Four out of the five patients who had the gastroduodenal ATL-cell infiltration complained of gastroduodenal symptoms such as anorexia, upper abdominal pain, diarrhea and melena. Our observations suggested that these gastroduodenal symptoms were related to the gastroduodenal ATL-cell infiltration. Esophageal candidiasis in ATL could be related to immunodeficiency. PMID- 3204685 TI - Treatment of a case of asynchronous bilateral renal cell carcinomas with inferior vena caval thrombus and hepatic metastases. AB - A 56-year-old man underwent a right radical nephrectomy with removal of a vena caval thrombus and resection of hepatic metastases for right renal cell carcinoma. Twenty-one months after the first operation, a left renal cell carcinoma was detected which was treated with left radical nephrectomy and followed by hemodialysis. The patient then enjoyed an active life for 14 months but died 18 months after his second operation due to lung metastasis. Bilateral radical nephrectomy and hepatic resection may be justified since there is no strongly effective adjuvant therapy for such advanced cases. PMID- 3204686 TI - Genetic polymorphisms of complement components C6 and C7 in Korean. PMID- 3204687 TI - Pallister-Killian syndrome: cytogenetic and biochemical studies. PMID- 3204688 TI - Radiation-induced chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes from patients with tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 3204690 TI - A Japanese case with an unusual variant of chromosome 16 with an extra C negative, G-dark segment in the short arm. PMID- 3204689 TI - Complex chromosome rearrangements: report of three patients. PMID- 3204691 TI - Familial X;Y translocation in a malformed male infant and his mother. PMID- 3204692 TI - HLA polymorphism information content (PIC) PMID- 3204693 TI - [Work-physiological assessment of eye-tracking task]. AB - Mental work-load has increased with technical innovation, while manual work-load has decreased. As a result, eye fatigue has become one of the complaints in the modern working environment. Heretofore, the evaluation of visual work-load was based mainly on observation of the refractive power and accommodative function of the eyes. The purpose of this study is to assess, through observation of eye movement, the work-load created by eye-tracking tasks. The subjects were required to track, only by eye movement, a target oscillating between a distance of 35 cm in the horizontal or vertical direction for seven minutes. Mispursuit of the target, blinking and heart rate were recorded during the period of the experiment. The subjects were given eye-tracking tasks under nine conditions comprising angles 20 degrees, 40 degrees and 60 degrees in the respective moving widths and 0.1 Hz, 0.3 Hz and 0.5 Hz in the moving frequency of the target. Four healthy male volunteers participated in the eye-tracking experiments involving the horizontally moving target and five healthy male volunteers participated in those involving the vertically moving target. The task load condition of visual angle of 20 degrees with target frequency of 0.1 Hz was employed as standard. The relative velocity of the target and the velocity of eye movement were obtained using various combinations of visual angles and target frequencies. The following results were obtained: 1) The frequency of mispursuits increased significantly with the increase of relative target velocity. The degree of increase of mispursuit was especially remarkable at relative target velocities exceeding 1.0 Hz or at eye movement velocities exceeding 40 degrees/s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3204695 TI - [Relation between changes in arousal level with shift of sleeping time and subsequent sleep stage pattern]. AB - The relationship between decrease in cerebral arousal level and sleep stage pattern was examined when a cycle of 22 h-wake and 8 h-sleep was repeated four times. The subjects of the experiment were six healthy male university students. The results of the experiment showed that the period between the time when the average score of Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) reached point four (a little foggy) and the rising time was gradually decreased by repetition of the 22 h-wake and 8 h-sleep cycle. It was also found that the average score for the 6th experimental day after the third cycle was significantly increased, compared with that for the 1st 22 h waking period. These results show that the cerebral arousal level, which was indicated on the scores of SSS, was gradually decreased under the present experimental wake-sleep condition. The day-to-day variation of critical fusion frequency showed a tendency similar to that of SSS, demonstrating a gradual decrease in arousal level. On the other hand, stage 4 sleep (S4) was significantly increased during sleep after the 1st 22 h waking period, compared with baseline sleep after 16 h waking time. However, a significant increase in S4 was not seen during the sleeping periods in the second to the fourth cycles of 22 h-wake and 8 h-sleep, compared with that during the sleep after the 1st 22 h waking period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3204694 TI - Long-term effect of occupational dust exposure. AB - In 1950-1960, a cohort of dust-exposed workers and a cohort of multiple matched unexposed subjects was set up from the files of preventive medical checkups performed in 1,089 Viennese plants. Male workers with a history of long-term exposure to nonfibrous particulates in different industries (metal, ceramics, brick, glass, stone etc.) aged greater than or equal to 40, and male workers without dust exposure (matched for residency, start of observation, age, and smoking) were followed up to 1980 or death (48,960 person yr). By life table methods, dust-exposed workers compared to unexposed workers showed a reduced survival of age 60 (p less than 0.0001), due to lung cancer (123 exposed, 87 controls, p = 0.001), stomach cancer (48/27, p = 0.003), silicosis (40/0), emphysema, bronchitis and asthma (41/23, p = 0.007). No difference in mortality from cardiovascular diseases was observed (p greater than 0.50). We concluded that heavy and long term exposure to respirable particulates is related to increased lung cancer mortality after age 60. A comparison of 2,212 deaths among Austrian silicotics, with deaths in the corresponding population showed a relation between lung cancer and silicosis (p less than 0.001), fairly independent of age and time-period. The estimated relative lung cancer risk of Austrian silicotics in the period 1955-79 averaged 1.41 (95% confidence 1.21 1.64). PMID- 3204696 TI - [Changes in blood toluene concentrations in rats under various kinds of exposure conditions and physical loads]. AB - The present experiment was conducted under the assumption that exposure conditions (time of exposure, concentration of exposed substances and working intensity) should be taken into account in estimating the level of invasion of injurious substances into the human body. Experiments were carried out on rats under various exposure conditions of toluene and the toluene concentration in the blood was monitored for the estimation of its intake. The results were as follows; 1. It was confirmed that toluene concentration in blood increased and plateau-time was delayed in proportion to increase in exposure concentration. 2. Light exercise (5.0, 7.0 m/min) increased toluene concentration in blood and it was proportioned to intensity of physical exercise. 3. Light daily exercise (2.7 m/min) for six days increased toluene concentration in blood gradually day after day when compared to exposure without exercise, though the exposure conditions were the same every day. It is thus considered that physical exercise is one of the very important factors in estimation of exposure. PMID- 3204697 TI - [Effects of local vibration exposure on whole blood viscosity in rats]. AB - To investigate the relationship between vibration hazards and blood viscosity, vibration exposure experiments were conducted. The rat's hind limbs were continuously exposed to local vibration (60 Hz, 5 G) for 4 h. The exposed group showed a slightly lower blood viscosity and plasma fibrinogen in the blood obtained immediately after exposure when compared with the control group. However, in the blood obtained 18 h after exposure, there was no significant difference in the levels of whole blood viscosity and plasma fibrinogen between the exposed group and the control group. Hematocrit was not affected by this exposure. These results indicate that the decrease in the levels of whole blood viscosity induced by local vibration exposure is transient and that some relationship exists between changes of whole blood viscosity and those of plasma fibrinogen. PMID- 3204698 TI - [Blood lead levels in the mothers and their neonates]. PMID- 3204699 TI - [Effectiveness of calcium gluconate for hydrofluoric acid burns]. PMID- 3204700 TI - [Relationship between elemental composition of particulate matters accumulated in human lung and occupational histories]. PMID- 3204701 TI - [Heart rate responses of fire-men to actual fire-fighting and their endurance capacity]. PMID- 3204702 TI - [Health effects of high concentration of trichloroethylene exposure for 12 weeks in rats]. PMID- 3204703 TI - A simple human sex determination method using biotin-labeled probes. PMID- 3204704 TI - Detection of toluene in a putrefied human body. PMID- 3204705 TI - Post-mortem muscular changes studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy--studies on the 31P-NMR spectrum of the myocardium after sudden death. PMID- 3204707 TI - [Postmortem interval estimation from falling percentage of rectal temperature]. PMID- 3204706 TI - [A toxicological study of the effects of freon 22 inhalation--the behavior of rats exposed to freon inhalation and an evaluation of freon concentrations in their tissue]. PMID- 3204708 TI - [Experimental studies on biologic and toxicologic effect of excessive dose of manganese]. PMID- 3204709 TI - [An autopsy case of the lethal anesthetic accident caused by nitrous oxide mis inhalation]. PMID- 3204710 TI - A case of sudden cardiac death manifesting contraction band necrosis of the cardiac myocytes. PMID- 3204711 TI - [The intermediary report II from the Research Committee on Brain Death of the Medico-Legal Society of Japan--brain death and individual death]. PMID- 3204712 TI - [Statistical analysis of unnatural deaths in Hyogo Prefecture (1986)--comparison of the results of inquests by medical examiners and by others]. PMID- 3204713 TI - [Pregnancy and delivery among teens. Statistics on teen pregnancy]. PMID- 3204714 TI - [Various conditions and backgrounds related to teen pregnancy]. PMID- 3204715 TI - [Unwanted pregnancy among teens: interactions with adolescent patients at an ambulatory clinic]. PMID- 3204717 TI - [Establishment of an APCC (Adolescent Pregnancy Crisis Center)]. PMID- 3204716 TI - [Psychological and social backgrounds of teen pregnancy: observations of cases leading to delivery]. PMID- 3204719 TI - [Dry technic of cleansing a newborn infant]. PMID- 3204718 TI - [Study on characteristics of teen mothers as nursing objectives]. PMID- 3204720 TI - [An experience in childbirth in England. (1) The early stage of pregnancy: examination at the clinic and hospital]. PMID- 3204721 TI - [The effects of self massage of the breast]. PMID- 3204722 TI - [Questions and answers on breast feeding. Total care utilizing midwifery characteristics]. PMID- 3204723 TI - [Counseling in midwifery. Acceptance and understanding]. PMID- 3204724 TI - [Introduction of personal computers in perinatology. Clinical application. 7. A support system in the obstetric care of outpatients]. PMID- 3204725 TI - [For more effective professional education. 19. Teaching methods. 3]. PMID- 3204726 TI - [Midwifery education of the future]. PMID- 3204727 TI - [Reflection on my attitude in understanding a patient's needs: through an experience in interactions with a mother who delivered an ectromelic infant]. PMID- 3204729 TI - [Needs to be reevaluated by nursing personnel]. PMID- 3204728 TI - [Needs in nursing]. PMID- 3204730 TI - [Nursing responses to patients' needs: suggestions by a wife and a mother]. PMID- 3204731 TI - [Nursing responses to patients needs: suggestions by a husband and a father]. PMID- 3204732 TI - [Needs of modern expectant mothers: a discussion by editors of maternity magazines]. PMID- 3204733 TI - [Opinion leaders in Europe and the United States. 5. Dr. Wendy Savage, a British obstetrician supporting active patients and midwives. Interview by J. Pearce]. PMID- 3204734 TI - [Comparison of attitudes of nursing and junior college students toward sex education given at elementary, junior and senior high schools. On sex education (1)]. PMID- 3204735 TI - [Questions and answers on breast feeding. Methods to promote breast feeding]. PMID- 3204737 TI - [Automation of monitoring during delivery]. PMID- 3204736 TI - [Counseling in midwifery. Understanding of the private realm of the patient]. PMID- 3204738 TI - [For more effective professional education. 18. Teaching methods. 2]. PMID- 3204739 TI - [Expectant mothers and seat belts]. PMID- 3204740 TI - [An organization of breast cancer patients. 7. The importance of a happy, cheerful and beautiful outlook]. PMID- 3204741 TI - [An experience of a nursing instructor as a patient. 7. A struggle with the feeling of embarrassment at medical procedures]. PMID- 3204742 TI - [Profile: Mr. Yoshio Yamamoto, manager of an apartment with short-term health care]. PMID- 3204743 TI - [Information technology for nurses. 7. Decision making in nursing]. PMID- 3204744 TI - [Welfare and medical care in the aging society. 26. The daughter-in-law vs. mother-in-law relationship in view of cultural anthropology. 2]. PMID- 3204745 TI - [Diary of a physician at a hospital. 22. Unpleasant incidents in dealing with patients' families]. PMID- 3204746 TI - [Nursing study in England. 22. British nursing experiencing the first labor strike in its history (2)]. PMID- 3204747 TI - [An approach in home nursing. 19. Challenge in training of nursing helpers]. PMID- 3204748 TI - [Nursing theory. 33. On the "Notes on Nursing" (5). The nucleus of nursing and the ideal image of nurses]. PMID- 3204750 TI - [On adolescent nursing. The need to establish adolescent nursing as a specialty]. PMID- 3204749 TI - [On adolescent nursing]. PMID- 3204752 TI - [On adolescent nursing. Psychological processes of a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia who is entering adolescence]. PMID- 3204751 TI - [On adolescent nursing. Interactions with a boy who is agitated with the problems associated with CAPD]. PMID- 3204754 TI - [Observation of the welfare system for the aged in Denmark]. PMID- 3204753 TI - [Suggestions by a child psychiatrist on training in adolescent nursing]. PMID- 3204755 TI - [An approach in home nursing. 20 Related economic problems]. PMID- 3204756 TI - [Stress suffered by physicians and nurses involved in terminal care]. PMID- 3204757 TI - [Psychology of family members of terminal patients and their support]. PMID- 3204758 TI - [Items to be noted by ward nurses in dealing with terminal care: interview with Ms. Eimi Sawai, a nurse at Toranomon Hospital. Interview by A. Uchinuno]. PMID- 3204759 TI - [Items to be noted by home visiting nurses in dealing with terminal patients]. PMID- 3204760 TI - [JJN hotline (Japanese Journal of Nursing): what would you do if you discovered that a senior co-worker is without a nursing license?]. PMID- 3204762 TI - [An organization for breast cancer patients. 8. Deaths of members]. PMID- 3204761 TI - [Profile: Ms. Kiyoko Shirai, a piano instructor who is inviting senior citizens to participate in piano lessons]. PMID- 3204763 TI - [An experience of a nursing instructor as a patient. 8. Suffering imposed on the patient (2): Problems related to treatment]. PMID- 3204764 TI - [Information technology for nurses. 8. Decision making methods. 1. Diagnostic processes]. PMID- 3204766 TI - [Diary of a physician stationed at a hospital. 23. Individual attitude of patients seen in terminal care]. PMID- 3204765 TI - [Welfare and medical care in the aging society. 27. Old-womanly solicitude and "meddlesome" persons]. PMID- 3204767 TI - [Nursing study in England. 23. Terminal care seen in England]. PMID- 3204768 TI - [Reevaluation of ambulatory nursing--from the viewpoint of emergency care]. PMID- 3204769 TI - [Guidelines in the telephone interactions at an ambulatory clinic]. PMID- 3204770 TI - [An approach in home nursing. 17. Unobtrusive attitude of the nurses appreciated by the family: an experience in the example with Mrs. Teru]. PMID- 3204771 TI - [Nursing theory. 31. On the "Notes on Nursing" [3]. Consideration toward the patient and his environment]. PMID- 3204772 TI - [Nursing of patients with chronic diseases at an outpatient department--an observation of clinical cases]. PMID- 3204773 TI - [On the role of nursing in the ambulatory department of a clinic]. PMID- 3204774 TI - [Care at an outpatient clinic: a discussion between Dr. Nozomi Ogasawara and two nurses]. PMID- 3204775 TI - [Ophthalmic surgery on an ambulatory basis: an experience and observation in medical technology in the United States]. PMID- 3204776 TI - [My experience in the preparation for nursing study in the United States]. PMID- 3204777 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Sister Setsuko Maihara, director, Himeji St. Mary's Hospital]. PMID- 3204778 TI - [Bedside nursing: emotional responses as the basis of nursing actions to Mrs. H. who was in a vegetative state, but is expected to be discharged]. PMID- 3204779 TI - [Organization of post-mastectomy patients and their activities. 5]. PMID- 3204780 TI - [A record by a nursing instructor who is hospitalized as a patient. 5. A precious record]. PMID- 3204781 TI - [Information technology for nurses. 5. Nursing processes and nursing information processing]. PMID- 3204782 TI - [Geriatric care as a profession. (2)]. PMID- 3204785 TI - [Nursing theory. 32. On the "Notes on Nursing" (4). The nurses to be trusted by patients]. PMID- 3204783 TI - [Nursing study in England. 20. English nursing threatened by the first labor strike in the history of nursing. 1]. PMID- 3204784 TI - [An approach in home nursing. 18. A 24-hour on-call system]. PMID- 3204786 TI - [Reevaluation of ambulatory nursing--a support of continuity of nursing. Understanding of patients in their daily environment]. PMID- 3204787 TI - [Reevaluation of ambulatory nursing--a support of continuity of nursing. On continuing nursing at health care facilities: interactions with a patient receiving 24-hour infusion therapy]. PMID- 3204788 TI - [Reevaluation of ambulatory nursing--a support of continuity of nursing. Communication among the self-care ward, general ward, ambulatory section, and the local area outside the hospital: a communication system using patient transfer cards]. PMID- 3204789 TI - [Reevaluation of ambulatory nursing--a support of continuity of nursing. Transit from hospitalization to discharge and ambulatory care and the role of nursing]. PMID- 3204790 TI - [Reevaluation of ambulatory nursing--a support of continuity of nursing. Continuity of nursing in psychiatry: a viewpoint from the intermediate facilities]. PMID- 3204791 TI - [Bedside nursing. Communication with the patient's family at the time of patient care education at discharge: training in urinary catheterization of the patient with urinary dysfunction]. PMID- 3204792 TI - [Design of a facial immobilization device for rest in a prone position: for the comfort of patients following surgery of the retina and vitreous body]. PMID- 3204794 TI - [An organization of breast cancer patients. 6. Belief, decision, and personality in the campaign for breast cancer prevention]. PMID- 3204793 TI - [Study on sterilization by ethylene oxide gas and the residual gas following the sterilization procedure]. PMID- 3204795 TI - [A record by a nursing instructor who is hospitalized as a patient. 6. At a turning point in the road to recovery]. PMID- 3204796 TI - [Profile in nursing. Ms. Hiroko Kase, a former social worker of Musashino City who has become an instructor in the education of social workers]. PMID- 3204797 TI - [Information technology for nurses. 6. Nursing processes and nursing information processing]. PMID- 3204798 TI - [Welfare and medical care in the aging society. 25. Cultural anthropology applied to the daughter-in-law vs. mother-in-law relationship. (1)]. PMID- 3204799 TI - [Diary of a doctor at a hospital. 21. The life of a head nurse]. PMID- 3204800 TI - [Nursing study in England. 21. Death of a young child]. PMID- 3204802 TI - [For the improvement of the self care capability of patients following surgery of cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 3204801 TI - [Health promotion and self care by citizens in regional health care planning]. PMID- 3204803 TI - [Problems associated with discharge of patients with cerebrovascular disorders following surgical treatment]. PMID- 3204804 TI - [Timing of the start of rehabilitation and its goal for patients following surgical treatment of cerebrovascular disorders--evaluation of degrees of self reliance]. PMID- 3204805 TI - [The use of an ADL rating table in nursing of a patient with hemiplegia following surgery of cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 3204806 TI - [Self feeding by patients with cerebrovascular disorders and designing of self help devices]. PMID- 3204807 TI - [Locomotion difficulties experienced by patients following surgery of cerebrovascular disorders and designing of equipment]. PMID- 3204808 TI - [Discharge of patients following surgery of cerebrovascular disorders and assistance in the establishment of self care--overnight training at home and its effect]. PMID- 3204809 TI - [Nursing of patients who are not cooperative in rehabilitation programs following surgery of cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 3204810 TI - [Assistance in the rehabilitation of a patient with hemiplegia and locomotion difficulty after surgery of cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 3204811 TI - [Assistance in rehabilitation of a patient who is excessively dependent on his family following surgery of a cerebrovascular disorder]. PMID- 3204813 TI - [Functional disabilities of patients in the acute state of ruptured cerebral aneurysm and prognosis of their recovery]. PMID- 3204812 TI - [Guidance and assistance for a cerebral apoplexy patient who could not follow the medical requirements and suffered a recurrence]. PMID- 3204814 TI - [Experience in the use of a robot for ambulation training (AID-1) at a geriatric care facility]. PMID- 3204815 TI - [Keypoints in the care of patients following gastrectomy]. PMID- 3204816 TI - [A factor in preventing social rehabilitation of dialysis patients]. PMID- 3204817 TI - [Survey on the fatalities among patients with neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 3204819 TI - [Keypoints in monitoring of arrhythmia patients. 8. Atrial block. (1)]. PMID- 3204818 TI - [Geriatric care based on nursing related to daily activities--the practice at Shin-ai Hospital]. PMID- 3204820 TI - [Diagnostic tests required for chronic nephritis and their clinical significance]. PMID- 3204821 TI - [Nursing in ambulatory care in obstetrics]. PMID- 3204822 TI - [Preparation and application of the nursing standard based on the nursing process. 8. Preparation of the standard for the problems common among patients following rectum resection--the problem of urination disorders]. PMID- 3204823 TI - [Nursing eye: nursing education to nurture sensitivity: reflection on the experience as a teacher]. PMID- 3204824 TI - [Nursing as a professional entity: nursing education in a 4-year educational institution]. PMID- 3204825 TI - [Analysis of the supply and demand for professional nursing. Trends in employment and salaries for graduates from 4- and 2-year nursing colleges]. PMID- 3204826 TI - [Incorporation of home nursing into clinical training in obstetrics]. PMID- 3204828 TI - [Introduction to logical therapy in the study of nursing humanity. 14. Practice section. 5. Apprehension]. PMID- 3204827 TI - [Key points in clinical training in psychiatric nursing: results of the analysis of students' responses in clinical training]. PMID- 3204829 TI - [The role and expectations of public health and clinical nurses in home care]. PMID- 3204830 TI - [Cooperation among social workers, nursing social workers, and public health nurses in home care for the aged]. PMID- 3204831 TI - [Rehabilitation programs at hospitals and other health facilities, and those conducted as a part of regional health services]. PMID- 3204832 TI - [The work of the occupational therapist in home care of the aged: assistance in the establishment of independence in daily activities and attainment of a sense of achievement in everyday life]. PMID- 3204833 TI - [Social workers' viewpoint on home care of the aged: total assistance of the aged in home care]. PMID- 3204834 TI - [Current status, future problems and prospects of home care of the aged]. PMID- 3204835 TI - [Medical checkup of the aged. 9. Urologic diseases]. PMID- 3204836 TI - [Home nursing and the importance of dressing]. PMID- 3204837 TI - [Continuing education of public health nurses]. PMID- 3204838 TI - [Activities to correlate the region and work place: a lesson in public health activities with a focus on specific areas]. PMID- 3204839 TI - [Social welfare of the aged in Sweden]. PMID- 3204840 TI - [Activities of a public health nurse. Outdoor achievements of a boy with a severe heart defect]. PMID- 3204841 TI - [Mothers' concern in child rearing: regional significance and responsibility of health personnel]. PMID- 3204842 TI - [Active and passive information transmission: technology of communication]. PMID- 3204843 TI - [Aid to mothers and children in case studies: establishment of an organization of parents of children with cleft lip or cleft palate]. PMID- 3204844 TI - [Aid to mothers and children in case studies: interactions with retarded children and the mother who is ill-equipped as a homemaker]. PMID- 3204845 TI - [Aid to mothers and children in case studies: interactions with mothers who are socially isolated and uncertain of child-rearing capabilities]. PMID- 3204846 TI - [A letter by a mother on the attitude of public health nurses during routine health examinations of infants: responses by public health nurses, physicians, and a mother]. PMID- 3204847 TI - [Current trends in maternal and child health legislation]. PMID- 3204848 TI - [Medical checkup of the aged. 7. Skin diseases. 2]. PMID- 3204849 TI - [Home nursing and excretory functions (6)]. PMID- 3204850 TI - [Evaluation of the regional care system for aged demented patients and their families]. PMID- 3204851 TI - [Comprehensive public health activities initiated by Yasugi City Health Council: the importance of cooperation with various organizations]. PMID- 3204852 TI - [The status of home care and facilities for the aged in Japan]. PMID- 3204853 TI - [Economic evaluation of home care for the aged and care at facilities for the aged]. PMID- 3204854 TI - [Status of aged, bedridden patients and their families, and possibilities of home care]. PMID- 3204855 TI - [Interim report on home care by the Office of Comprehensive National Health Care Planning: the interim report and subsequent developments]. PMID- 3204856 TI - [Model operations for overall promotion of home care (including home nursing services)]. PMID- 3204857 TI - [Home care of the aged (1). Current development: background and details of the revised medical fee schedules]. PMID- 3204858 TI - [Better nursing services to mothers and infants: improvement of public health services to be appreciated by the public. A discussion]. PMID- 3204860 TI - [Medical checkup of the aged. 8. Skin diseases (3)]. PMID- 3204859 TI - [Home nursing and excretory functions (7)]. PMID- 3204861 TI - [Status of geriatric nursing education for public health nurses]. PMID- 3204862 TI - [Public health activities focused on selected areas and public health clinics: the role of legislation]. PMID- 3204863 TI - [Effects of nifedipine on pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic respiratory failure--a comparison with oxygen administration at rest and during exercise]. PMID- 3204864 TI - [Aspergilloma in tuberculous cavities]. PMID- 3204865 TI - [Evaluation of imaging of the ventilatory lung motion in pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 3204866 TI - [Evaluation of regional pulmonary ventilation by videodensitometry using a new X ray image processor]. PMID- 3204867 TI - [Measurement of size of aerosols produced by different aerosol generators and effect of physical factors on aerosol size]. PMID- 3204868 TI - [Prognosis of prolonged eosinophilic pneumonia--possibly acquired bronchial hyperreactivity]. PMID- 3204869 TI - [The effects of unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion on pulmonary extravascular water volume and broncho-alveolar lavage under unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion]. PMID- 3204870 TI - [A case of Heerfordt's syndrome associated with acquired type II-b hyperlipoproteinemia, leading to the development of myocardial infarction during its clinical course]. PMID- 3204871 TI - [A case of localized pleural mesothelioma, examined by magnetic resonance imaging]. PMID- 3204873 TI - [A case of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) showing spontaneous remission after open lung biopsy]. PMID- 3204872 TI - [A case of chronic hyperventilation syndrome effectively treated by metoprolol]. PMID- 3204874 TI - Liability of a referring physician. PMID- 3204875 TI - Notifiable disease reporting in Kansas. PMID- 3204876 TI - Aortic stenosis. I: Recognition and natural history. PMID- 3204877 TI - [Competitive decrease of rifampicin absorption by a dominant absorption of p aminosalicylic acid under the simultaneous administration of both drugs]. PMID- 3204878 TI - [Assessment and application of pulmonary detachment procedure in chronic empyema]. PMID- 3204879 TI - [A case of tuberculous pericarditis treated with pericardiectomy]. PMID- 3204880 TI - [Tuberculosis control programme in Japan]. PMID- 3204881 TI - [Some philosophical considerations for autonomy of nursing care]. PMID- 3204882 TI - Reliability and validity of a Korean empathy construct rating scale. PMID- 3204883 TI - [Relationship between height of heels and quantitative EMG of lower leg, thigh and paralumbar vertebral muscles in young women]. PMID- 3204884 TI - Home nursing care needs in rural Korea. PMID- 3204885 TI - [A descriptive study on job satisfaction and its related factors for clinical nurses in a general hospital]. PMID- 3204886 TI - [Premenstrual syndrome and personality]. PMID- 3204887 TI - [A study on the relationship between health locus of control and health behavior of residents in Choong Nam Province]. PMID- 3204888 TI - [A direction for nursing research]. PMID- 3204889 TI - [A study on the relationship between dysfunctional matrimonial communication patterns and degree of complaints among housewives]. PMID- 3204890 TI - [A study on the health services provision of community health practitioners]. PMID- 3204891 TI - [A preliminary study on setting philosophy and curriculum development in nursing education]. PMID- 3204892 TI - [A study on adult's perception of health concept]. PMID- 3204893 TI - [The pain behavior of patients with joint pain]. PMID- 3204894 TI - The effect of sensorimotor stimulation for ingestion in dysphagic patients who have nonprogressive brain damage. Preliminary study. PMID- 3204895 TI - [Echocardiographic analysis of the hemodynamic effect of closed mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 3204896 TI - [Combined treatment of acute arterial occlusion]. PMID- 3204897 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the methods of treating postphlebitic syndrome in the light of remote results]. PMID- 3204898 TI - [Intra-aortic counterpulsation using percutaneous balloon pumps]. PMID- 3204900 TI - [External rupture of the myocardium with 4-day survival]. PMID- 3204899 TI - [Thromboembolic syndrome with recurrent myocardial infarction after trivalvular prostheses]. PMID- 3204901 TI - [Effect of progressive arteriosclerosis on late results of the reconstruction of the aorta and peripheral arteries]. AB - The results of repeat angiographies, conducted for late impairments of the reconstructed artery, were reviewed in 912 patients after reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta and its main branches. Progress of atherosclerosis in intact arteries was the cause of impairment in 65.9% of cases. Contribution of diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking and arterial hypertension is discussed. PMID- 3204902 TI - [Predicting the duration of functioning of iliac artery prostheses]. AB - A formula has been computer-derived to predict the duration of the operation of lavsan vascular prostheses, implanted in the iliac artery. The relative mean square prognostic error is 2.8%. The formula outlines more specific indications for the implantation of iliac arterial prostheses. PMID- 3204903 TI - [Volume load in the evaluation of functional reserves of the heart in reconstructive surgery of the abdominal aorta and its branches]. AB - A review of the results of volume load tests, carried out in the presence of intracardiac hemodynamic monitoring in 19 patients with abdominal aortic diseases and attendant coronary heart disease, has demonstrated that the productivity curve slope and left-heart pumping coefficient are the most valuable criteria for the assessment of cardiac functional reserve. Volume load tests identified 12 patients with limited functional reserve of the heart as being in need of continuous intra- and postoperative inotropic support and pre- and poststress control in the presence of central hemodynamic monitoring. PMID- 3204904 TI - [Changes in local blood flow and energy metabolism in patients with hypertension with different degrees of tolerance of isometric load (hand grip)]. AB - The onset of muscular fatigue and the patterns of exercise and postcontraction hyperemia, oxygen consumption and lactate release were examined in 50 male patients with essential hypertension, doing hand grip with an effort amounting to 5% of their maximum unrestricted potential. Subgroups of patients with normal and rapid onset of forearm muscular fatigue were identified. Unlike normal subjects and hypertensive patients with normal onset of muscular fatigue, patients with increased muscular fatigability demonstrated a progressive increase rather than stabilization of blood flow rate, oxygen consumption and lactate release which continued until the patient gave up exercise. Different patterns of blood supply, energy metabolism and muscular fatigability are believed to result from changed vascular resistance. PMID- 3204905 TI - [Current problems of vascular surgery]. PMID- 3204906 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in arteriosclerotic occlusions of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries]. AB - The results of 213 reconstructive operations for atherosclerotic aorto-iliac lesions are reviewed. Good late results were recorded in 64.3% of patients. Total postoperative mortality rate was 5.6%. Operations using synthetic vascular prostheses produced better results, as compared to endarterectomy. Extra anatomical bypass improves circulation to the limbs in patients with grave attendant diseases. PMID- 3204907 TI - [Pulmonary regulation of fibrinogen levels in acquired heart defects with pulmonary hypertension]. AB - Fibrinogen levels and aortic and pulmonary-artery blood pressure were measured in 143 patients with acquired heart diseases and pulmonary hypertension and in 60 control patients. The lungs were shown to participate in the regulation of fibrinogen levels both in the controls and patients with heart diseases, as reflected in the deposition-balance-mobilization phases by positive, zero, negative arterio-venous difference of fibrinogen levels. The association between the metabolic and hemodynamic functions of the lungs is particularly obvious, if pressure gradients (pulmonary-capillary and bronchial perfusion ones), making for blood inflow into the alveolar-capillary region, are examined. PMID- 3204908 TI - [Immediate hemodynamic effect of sequential atrioventricular pacing in cardiosurgical patients]. AB - The results of ventricular, atrial and sequential atrioventricular pacing, conducted in 16 cases of open-heart surgery, demonstrated that sequential atrioventricular pacing produced the best hemodynamic effect owing to the optimization of atrioventricular delay and impulse frequency. PMID- 3204909 TI - [Organizational principles of mass screening and therapeutic tactics in arterial/occlusive diseases of the lower extremities]. AB - Determination of the ankle-shoulder index (ASI) was used in addition to clinical examination for the detection and monitoring of patients with obliterating arterial lesions of the legs. In individuals with suspected obliterating lesions, the ASI served as a criterion for the identification of normal, affected and high risk groups and determined the strategy and duration of treatment and the follow up schedule. ASI variation following surgery on arteries of the legs was an objective indicator of the efficiency of the operation and furnished indications for repeated surgical intervention to prevent reocclusion. PMID- 3204910 TI - [Peripheral hemodynamics at various stages of deep vein thrombosis of the legs]. AB - A study of 46 patients at different stages of deep-vein thrombosis of the legs, using venous-occlusion plethysmography, doppler ultrasonic flowmetry and radiopaque phlebography, has identified structural and functional mechanisms compensating venous outflow for clinically inapparent nonocclusive thrombosis, acute occlusion of a major venous trunk and post-thrombotic disease. PMID- 3204912 TI - [Reversed circulation as a possible method of preventing intra-cerebral hemorrhages (experimental study)]. AB - Possibilities of reversed cerebral circulation, with arterial blood coming to cerebral tissue through the venous network and venous blood going through the arteries, were examined in acute and chronic experiments in dogs. Arterial blood pressure in cephalic veins reached 70-120 mm Hg, venous blood pressure in the circle of Willis was 5-35 mm Hg. Liquor pressure was never beyond 20-35 mm Hg. The EEG and reflex responses of the cerebral trunk were maintained for scores of minutes under acute experiment. Animals, surviving after prolonged arterialization of the cerebral venous network in chronic experiments (3-4 days), showed no central nervous or behavior disorders. PMID- 3204911 TI - [Possibilities of using implanted elastic magnetic elements in reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta and its branches]. AB - A new method based on the use of elastic magnetic elements has been developed for reconstructive surgery on the abdominal aorta and its branches. In 135 experimental operations and subsequent clinical trial of 40 operations, an oriented 5 and 10 mT elastic magnetic element was implanted to the centre of the reconstruction site, resulting in a considerable reduction of the rate of thrombosis in the reconstructed arterial segments. PMID- 3204913 TI - [Correction of disorders in the microcirculatory system in embolism of the aortic bifurcation and major arteries of the extremities]. AB - A favorable effect of combined pathogenetic treatment for acute arterial obstruction on systemic microcirculation has been demonstrated in 40 experimental animals and 40 patients operated on for embolism in the aortic bifurcation and main arteries of the limbs. PMID- 3204914 TI - [Study of the nonspecific effect of phosphocreatine disodium salt on the process of excitation conduction in acute myocardial ischemia]. AB - The effect of phosphocreatine and phosphocreatinine disodium salts on excitation conduction in acute myocardial ischemia was investigated, using repeated short term ischemia exposures of the isolated rabbit ventricular septum as a model. Considerable improvement of excitation conduction through ischemized myocardium, seen after the administration of phosphocreatine and phosphocreatinine salts, was shown to be associated with Na+ added to the perfusion medium. Phosphocreatine and phosphocreatinine effects on excitation conduction time and the septal force in control perfusion were related to both the addition of Na+ and the binding of Ca2+ by these agents in the perfusion medium. PMID- 3204915 TI - [Use of biocompatible resorbable films and medicinal plates in vascular surgery]. PMID- 3204916 TI - [Recurrence of peptic ulcer following selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 3204917 TI - [Thromboemboli in the pulmonary artery system in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 3204918 TI - [Complications of hormone therapy in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3204919 TI - [Extensive resection of an infarcted intestine]. PMID- 3204920 TI - [Posterior right-sided transpericardial approach to the left pulmonary artery during reconstruction of the tracheal bifurcation]. PMID- 3204921 TI - [A method of continuous control of the functioning of an intraluminal arterial shunt]. PMID- 3204922 TI - [A method of diagnosing and evaluating the efficacy of surgical treatment of primary valvular insufficiency of the femoral vein]. PMID- 3204923 TI - [A method of early detection of obliterating diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3204924 TI - [Thrombectomy from the superior mesenteric vein]. PMID- 3204925 TI - [An isolated atherosclerotic lesion of the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 3204926 TI - [X-ray-controlled endovascular and intraoperative dilatation in multiple lesions of the branches of the aortic arch and the renal arteries]. PMID- 3204927 TI - [Traumatic injury of the subclavian artery]. PMID- 3204928 TI - [A foreign body in the upper lobe of the right lung]. PMID- 3204929 TI - [Current aspects of the treatment of destructive pancreatitis]. PMID- 3204930 TI - [Urgent problems of purulent cholangitis]. PMID- 3204931 TI - [Dissolution of gallbladder stones in patients with cholecystitis presenting an extremely high surgical risk]. PMID- 3204932 TI - [Single-stage plasty of the esophagus with the stomach using a cervico-abdominal approach]. PMID- 3204933 TI - [Hormonal-enzymatic therapy in the prevention of recurrences of cardiospasm following its dilatation]. PMID- 3204934 TI - [Long-term results of aortic valve prosthesis]. PMID- 3204935 TI - [Controlled annuloplasty of an incompetent tricuspid valve in the surgical treatment of multivalvular heart disease]. PMID- 3204937 TI - [Hemicorporectomy]. PMID- 3204936 TI - [Paravalvular fistulas following mitral prosthesis]. PMID- 3204938 TI - [Valve-preserving surgery in the correction of rheumatic tricuspid valve disease]. PMID- 3204939 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the functional reserve of the heart in heart surgery patients]. PMID- 3204940 TI - [Nonspecific aortoarteritis and aneurysms of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 3204941 TI - [A surgical technic in atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta and iliac arteries]. PMID- 3204942 TI - [Formation of an arteriovenous anastomosis in patients with the postthrombophlebitic syndrome]. PMID- 3204943 TI - [Recurrences of varicose veins]. PMID- 3204944 TI - [Hemodilution in the complex treatment of acute iliofemoral venous thromboses]. PMID- 3204945 TI - [Treatment of the Paget-Schroetter syndrome]. PMID- 3204946 TI - [The hemostasis system in patients with diabetic angiopathies of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3204947 TI - [Effect of extracorporeal sorption treatment on blood hormone levels]. PMID- 3204948 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic ischemic lesions of the large intestine]. PMID- 3204949 TI - [Cancer of the large intestine in patients with nonspecific colitis]. PMID- 3204950 TI - [Use of preparations from the nootropic group for treating memory disorders in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3204951 TI - [The clinical picture and treatment of stroke in alcoholics]. PMID- 3204952 TI - [Hypertensive syndrome after bee and wasp stings]. PMID- 3204953 TI - [2 cases of listeriosis with unusual clinical manifestations]. PMID- 3204955 TI - [Differentiated therapy of chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 3204954 TI - [Acute pneumonia (its clinical picture and treatment)]. PMID- 3204956 TI - [Assessment of antibiotic activity in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia]. PMID- 3204957 TI - [Restoration of normal bronchial reactivity as a criterion of complete remission in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 3204959 TI - [Pulmonary blood flow in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 3204958 TI - [Clinical variants of preasthma in patients with a drug allergy]. PMID- 3204961 TI - [The initial manifestations of neurotic disorders]. PMID- 3204960 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in severe lesions of the central nervous system]. PMID- 3204962 TI - [The achievements and pathway of development of reconstructive surgery in the USSR]. PMID- 3204963 TI - [The staged treatment and outpatient care of patients with disseminated sclerosis]. PMID- 3204964 TI - [Effectiveness of vasoactive preparations in patients with circulatory encephalopathy]. PMID- 3204965 TI - [Diagnosis of depression in functional diseases of the internal organs]. PMID- 3204966 TI - [The initial manifestations of central nervous system involvement in prolonged contact with antibiotics]. PMID- 3204967 TI - [The cerebral pseudotumor syndrome in women during the gestational period]. PMID- 3204968 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of space-occupying processes in the brain]. PMID- 3204969 TI - [Functional activity of the blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vascular lesions of the brain]. PMID- 3204970 TI - [Effect of the long-term prophylactic use of trental on cerebral blood flow in diabetics]. PMID- 3204971 TI - [Multiple small liver abscesses]. PMID- 3204973 TI - [Seminar on nursing administration. Effective staffing in nursing]. PMID- 3204972 TI - [The possibilities of diagnosing primary sclerosing cholangitis at the therapeutic clinic]. PMID- 3204974 TI - [Seminar on nursing administration. ABC's of nurse recruitment]. PMID- 3204975 TI - [Seminar on nursing administration. Ford development of labor and industrial relations]. PMID- 3204976 TI - [Continuing education. The plan of nursing management practice (1)]. PMID- 3204977 TI - [Continuing education. The plan of nursing management practice (II)]. PMID- 3204978 TI - [Nursing theory: elitism or realism]. PMID- 3204979 TI - [Case study of a myocardial infarction patient]. PMID- 3204980 TI - [A study of execution of quality assurance systems in hospital nursing departments]. PMID- 3204981 TI - [A survey on nurses' attitudes and knowledge of AIDS]. PMID- 3204982 TI - [AIDS and nursing care. How far will AIDS take us?]. PMID- 3204983 TI - [Attending to patients with AIDS. The chaplain's role]. PMID- 3204984 TI - [Children with AIDS at the hospital. "Here, death is felt as a deliverance]. PMID- 3204985 TI - [Patients with AIDS should be surrounded by qualified and motivated professionals. Interview by Brigitte Kocher]. PMID- 3204986 TI - [An appeal to the nursing personnel--establish a climate of confidence]. PMID- 3204987 TI - [AIDS group, Geneva. Special care: a proof of solidarity]. PMID- 3204989 TI - [AIDS in everyday life. Barriers are unnecessary ... on the contrary]. PMID- 3204988 TI - [The HIV test at the anonymous consultation of the University Hospital Center of Vaud. Importance of the interview]. PMID- 3204990 TI - [Infection by the AIDS virus. The professional risk is very small]. PMID- 3204991 TI - [AIDS test for the nursing personnel?]. PMID- 3204992 TI - [AIDS test required by health insurances and pension funds?]. PMID- 3204993 TI - [AIDS and nursing. "The most positive challenge to nursing"]. PMID- 3204994 TI - [AIDS in psychiatry. AIDS patients preferred?]. PMID- 3204995 TI - [Attempt at an explanation from a psychosomatic viewpoint. On the defensive all through life]. PMID- 3204996 TI - [AIDS and HIV-positive patients have to struggle with psychosocial problems. Helping requires acceptance]. PMID- 3204997 TI - [The home for AIDS patients in need of care. Guiding home safely]. PMID- 3204998 TI - [AIDS and caregivers. Preventing psychological stress. Help for stressed caregivers]. PMID- 3204999 TI - [Other peoples' AIDS?]. PMID- 3205000 TI - [Psychological guidance of the intensive care patient and his family]. PMID- 3205001 TI - [Extended cerebral monitoring--possibilities in neurosurgery and related fields]. PMID- 3205002 TI - [Conservative aspects of the treatment of sepsis]. PMID- 3205003 TI - [Problems in central venous catheterization]. PMID- 3205004 TI - [Experiences with the use of a new microprocessor-controlled infusion computer]. PMID- 3205006 TI - [Importance of endoscopy in intensive care medicine]. PMID- 3205005 TI - [Analgesia and sedation in intensive care patients]. PMID- 3205007 TI - [Tendencies in pediatric intensive care]. PMID- 3205008 TI - [The function of physical therapy in intensive care patients]. PMID- 3205009 TI - ["Now the dead too have to be nursed"]. PMID- 3205010 TI - A combined macro and microvascular model for whole limb heat transfer. AB - A new prototype model for whole limb heat transfer is proposed wherein the countercurrent heat exchange from the large central arteries and veins in the core of the limb is coupled to microvascular models for the surrounding muscle and the cutaneous tissue layers. The local microvascular temperature field in the muscle tissue is described by the bioheat equation of Weinbaum and Jiji. The new model allows for an arbitrary axial variation of cross-sectional area and blood distribution between the muscle and cutaneous tissue, accounts for the blood flow to and heat loss from the hand and treats the venous return temperature and surface temperature distribution as unknowns that are determined as part of the solution to the overall boundary value problem. Representative solutions are presented for a wide range of environmental conditions for a limb in both the resting state and during exercise. PMID- 3205011 TI - Thermal modeling of the malignant woman's breast. AB - In this paper the conceptual three-dimensional model of the normal woman's breast presented in Osman and Afify, is developed into a detailed quantitative model of the malignant woman's breast. This model takes into consideration the effect of tumor size and location on the metabolic heat production, blood perfusion rate, and thermal contour plot of the malignant breast for each tumor size, depth, and location. Also the results of this investigation show that a hot spot in the malignant woman's breast thermal contour plot may not be directly related to an embedded tumor beneath the breast surface. PMID- 3205012 TI - Heat transfer normal to paired arterioles and venules embedded in perfused tissue during hyperthermia. AB - A numerical model of the heat transer normal to an arteriole-venule pair embedded in muscle tissue has been constructed. Anatomical data describing the blood vessel size, spacing, and density have been incorporated into the model. This model computes temperatures along the vessel walls as well as the temperature throughout the tissue which comprises an infinitely long Krogh cylinder around the vessel pair. Tissue temperatures were computed in the steady-state under resting conditions, while transient calculations were made under hyperthermic conditions. Results show that for both large- (1st generation) and medium-sized (5th generation) vessel pairs, the mean tissue temperature within the tissue cylinder is not equal to the mean of the arteriole and venule blood temperatures under both steady-state and transient conditions. The numerical data were reduced so that a comparison could be made with the predictions of a simple two dimensional superposition of line sources and sinks presented by Baish et al. This comparison reveals that the superposition model accurately describes the heat transfer effects during hyperthermia, permitting subsequent incorporation of this theory into a realistic three-dimensional model of heat transfer in a whole limb during hyperthermia. PMID- 3205013 TI - Convection-diffusion interaction for oscillatory flow in a tapered tube. AB - Transport of soluble material is analyzed for volume-cycle oscillatory flow in a tapered tube. The equations of motion are solved using a regular perturbation method for small taper angle and order unity amplitude over a range of the Womersley parameter. The transport equation is also solved by a regular perturbation method where uniform end concentrations and no wall flux are assumed. The time-averaged axial transport of solute is calculated for several tapered tubes. There is substantial modification of transport compared to the straight tube case and the results are interpreted with respect to pulmonary gas exchange. PMID- 3205014 TI - Numerical solutions for steady and unsteady flow in a model of the pulmonary airways. AB - A computational model is presented for unsteady flow through a collapsible tube with variable wall stiffness. The one-dimensional flow equations are solved for inlet, outlet and external conditions that vary with time and for a tube with time-dependent, spatially-distributed local properties. In particular, the effects of nonuniformities and local perturbations in stiffness distribution in the tube are studied. By allowing the flow to evolve in time, asymptotically steady flows are calculated. When simulating a quasi-steady reduction in downstream pressure, the model demonstrates critical transitions, the phenomena of wave-speed limitation and the sites of flow limitation. It also exhibits conditions for which viscous flow limitation occurs. Computations of rapid, unsteady changes of the exit pressure illustrate the phenomena occurring at the onset of a cough, and the generation and propagation of elastic jumps. PMID- 3205015 TI - Flow measurements in a human femoral artery model with reverse lumen curvature. AB - Flow visualization and wall pressure measurements were made in a smooth reverse curvature model that conformed to the gentle "s" shape of a left femoral artery angiogram of a patient in a clinical trial. Observed lesion localization at the inner (lesser) curvatures appeared to be associated with secondary flows in the wall vicinity directed toward the inner curvatures that tended to reverse direction in the flow entering the reverse curvature region. Moderate flow resistance increases of about 20 percent above the Poiseuille flow relation were found at the higher physiological Reynolds numbers Re above about 600-700 and thus Dean numbers for steady flow. For pulsatile flow simulation, flow resistances did not increase up to the largest Re of 470 tested. Apparently, the large variations in velocity during the cardiac cycle disrupted the stronger secondary flow patterns observed at the higher Reynolds numbers for steady flow. PMID- 3205016 TI - Flow measurements in an atherosclerotic curved, tapered femoral artery model of man. AB - Flow visualization and pressure measurements were made for physiological conditions in a model derived from a femoral angiogram of a patient with lesion localization on the inner curvature wall and with vessel taper. Effects of curvature and taper were evaluated separately in other curved, tapered, smooth and straight, tapered, smooth models. Double helical secondary flow patterns were modified by plaque on the inner wall, and flow separations were observed between plaques at higher flow rates and Reynolds numbers. Pressure drop data for the plaque simulation model were similar in trend with Reynolds number as for the smooth model, but flow resistances were 25 to 40 percent higher. Significant pressure drops were measured due to the mild taper which could be estimated from momentum considerations, and smaller increased pressure drops were found due to curvature effects at the higher Dean numbers. Flow resistances for in vivo pulsatile flow simulation were about 10 percent higher than for steady flow for the plaque model, whereas no differences were observed for the smooth model. PMID- 3205017 TI - Hot-film wall shear probe measurements inside a ventricular assist device. AB - Wall shear rates at eleven sites within the Penn State Electric Ventricular Assist Device (EVAD) were determined with the pump operating under conditions of 30 and 50 percent systolic duration and a mean flow rate of 5.8 L/min using a flush-mounted hot-film probe. Probe calibrations were performed with the hot-film in two orientations relative to the flow direction: a standard orientation and an orientation in which the hot-film was rotated by 90 deg from the standard orientation. The magnitude and direction of the wall shear stress at each site within the EVAD were estimated from ensemble averaged voltage data recorded for similar standard and rotated film orientations. The results indicate that, during diastole the wall shear stress direction around the pump's periphery for both operating conditions is predominantly perpendicular to the inflow-outflow plane (in the direction of the pusher plate motion) and reaches a peak value of approximately 350 dynes/cm2. The highest wall shear stresses were found near the prosthetic aortic valve (inside the EVAD) under the 30 percent systolic duration condition and are estimated to be as high as 2700 dynes/cm2. Peak shear stress values of 1400 dynes/cm2 were observed in the vicinity of the prosthetic mitral valve under both operating conditions. The results suggested that the valve regions are substantially more hemolytic than other wall regions of the EVAD; the magnitudes of the wall shear stresses are sensitive to operating conditions; and that wall shear in the direction of pusher plate motion can be significant. PMID- 3205018 TI - Model studies at mechanical aortic heart valve prostheses--Part I: Steady-state flow fields and pressure loss coefficients. AB - In a 3:1 scaled model of the human aorta models of the Omniscience, Bjork-Shiley Convexo-Concave, Bjork-Shiley Monostrut, Medtronic-Hall, Duromedics (Hemex) and the Saint Jude Medical heart valve prostheses are studied in steady flow representing the systolic peak flow phase. Detailed flow visualization experiments show flow separations at all inner ring surfaces as well as at most of the occluders. The resulting stagnation areas increase the risk of thrombus accumulation. Flow separations also stimulate vortex formation and turbulent mixing at the downstream jet boundaries and thus may intensify blood damage by turbulent shear stresses. The different influences of struts and occluder guides on the flow around the occluders are discussed. The effects of the individual valve components on the flow fields are analyzed and correlated with the resulting pressure losses. PMID- 3205019 TI - Finite elasticity modeling of the biaxial and uniaxial properties of compliant vascular grafts. AB - Compliant vascular grafts were modeled by finite elasticity theory. A linear, biaxial model satisfactorily described the stress-strain behavior in inflation tests, where the sample length was fixed longitudinally and inflated. The model was then used to predict the behavior in a longitudinal test (where the longitudinal stretch was varied while keeping the pressure zero), and in a uniaxial test of a circumferential strip. The model satisfactorily predicted the longitudinal Young's modulus measured in the longitudinal test. The model was less successful in predicting the circumferential Young's modulus measured in the uniaxial test, possibly because the state of stress was not purely uniaxial. PMID- 3205020 TI - Biaxial mechanical behavior of excised epicardium. PMID- 3205021 TI - Relationship between mechanical properties and collagen structure of closed and open wounds. AB - Mechanical properties and collagen structure of excisional wounds left open are compared with wounds closed by clips. In both wound models, collagen fiber diameter increases with time post-wounding and is related to tensile strength. Clipped wounds show a higher ultimate tensile strength and tangent modulus compared with open wounds. In clipped wounds, newly deposited collagen appears as a biaxially oriented network as observed in normal skin. In open wounds a delay in the organization of the collagen network is observed and parallel wavy-shaped ribbons of collagen fibers are deposited. At long term, the high extensibility observed in open wounds may be due to the sliding of ribbons of collagen fibers past each other. PMID- 3205022 TI - The three-dimensional kinematics and flexibility characteristics of the human ankle and subtalar joints--Part I: Kinematics. AB - The in-vitro, three dimensional kinematic characteristics of the human ankle and subtalar joint were investigated in this study. The main goals of this investigation were: 1) To determine the range of motion of the foot-shank complex and the associated range of motion of the ankle and subtalar joints; 2) To determine the kinematic coupling characteristics of the foot-shank complex, and 3) To identify the relationship between movements at the ankle and subtalar joints and the resulting motion produced between the foot and the shank. The tests were conducted on fifteen fresh amputated lower limbs and consisted of incrementally displacing the foot with respect to the shank while the motion of the articulating bones was measured through a three dimensional position data acquisition system. The kinematic analysis was based on the helical axis parameters describing the incremental displacements between any two of the three articulating bones and on a joint coordinate system used to describe the relative position between the bones. From the results of this investigation it was concluded that: 1) The range of motion of the foot-shank complex in any direction (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, inversion/eversion and internal rotation/external rotation) is larger than that of either the ankle joint or the subtalar joint.; 2) Large kinematic coupling values are present at the foot-shank complex in inversion/eversion and in internal rotation/external rotation. However, only a slight amount of coupling was observed to occur in dorsiflexion/plantarflexion.; 3) Neither the ankle joint nor the subtalar joint are acting as ideal hinge joints with a fixed axis of rotation.; 4) Motion of the foot-shank complex in any direction is the result of rotations at both the ankle and the subtalar joints. However, the contribution of the ankle joint to dorsiflexion/plantarflexion of the foot-shank complex is larger than that of the subtalar joint and the contribution of the subtalar joint to inversion/eversion is larger than that of the ankle joint.; 5) The ankle and the subtalar joints have an approximately equal contribution to internal rotation/external rotation movements of the foot shank complex. PMID- 3205024 TI - Analytical description of minimum energy expenditure surfaces. AB - Mechanical energy expenditure during level walking was evaluated and graphed for two unilateral, below-knee amputees over time and a range of adjustments of the flexion-extension alignment angle. The resulting mechanical energy surfaces were then least-squared fitted with an analytical function that was linear in time and quadratic in flexion-extension alignment angle. The least-squares analysis showed that there was a flexion-extension adjustment that minimized the mechanical energy expenditure and that this optimal adjustment was very close to the design point set by certified prosthetists. PMID- 3205023 TI - The three-dimensional kinematics and flexibility characteristics of the human ankle and subtalar joint--Part II: Flexibility characteristics. AB - The objective of the present study was to investigate the in-vitro, coupled, three-dimensional load-displacement and flexibility characteristics of the human ankle joint complex consisting of the talocrural and the talocalcaneal joints and to determine the effects that sectioning of the anterior talofibular ligament has on these characteristics. Similar to other anatomical joints such as the knee and the intervertebral joint, the ankle joint complex was found to exhibit highly nonlinear load-displacement characteristics with the angular displacement approaching asymptotic values as the external load was increased. Therefore, a procedure of incremental linearization was used to derive the flexibility characteristics of this structure. According to this procedure, external loads were applied to the calcaneus in small increments and its resulting three dimensional displacements were recorded. The incremental flexibility coefficients were then derived by assuming linear load-displacement relationship for each increment. From the results obtained from fifteen human ankle specimens, it was evident that the ankle joint complex exhibit highly coupled flexibility and load displacement characteristics. It was further concluded that the ankle joint complex is the most flexible in the neighborhood of the unloaded, neutral position and that all the flexibility coefficients of the structure decrease rapidly toward the extremes of the range of motion. Rupture of the anterior talofibular ligament was found to have a significant effect on the load displacement and flexibility characteristics of the ankle joint complex. This effect was manifested as a change in the load-displacement characteristics and a large increase in the flexibility coefficients primarily in those corresponding to rotations in the transverse and the coronal plane. The results of the present study can provide the necessary data base for the development of quantitative diagnostic technique for identifying the site and the extent of injury to the collateral ligaments of the ankle. PMID- 3205025 TI - Continuous monitoring of erythrocyte sedimentation process: a new possible mechanism of erythrocyte sedimentation. AB - An automated system is constructed to record the complete course of erythrocyte sedimentation process. In this system a light source and a paired photodetector are employed to monitor the change of light transmittance at the junction of plasma and the sedimenting red blood cell column, thus providing a continuous record of erythrocyte sedimentation as a function of time. Differentiation of this sedimentation--time curve yields a velocity--time curve of erythrocyte sedimentation. Frequently recorded "spikes" on top of the velocity--time curve imply the episodes of very rapid fall of erythrocytes in the sedimentation tube that cannot be explained by the currently accepted theory of erythrocyte sedimentation based mainly on Stokes' law, and a new mechanism of rouleau coalescing and fracturing is proposed to account for them. PMID- 3205026 TI - [Physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3205027 TI - [Data collection and assessment of patients with intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3205028 TI - [Nursing plan for a patient with intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3205029 TI - [Nursing of a patient following surgery of intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3205030 TI - [Evaluation of the method of disinfection to eradicate Pseudomonas]. PMID- 3205032 TI - [The importance of daily nursing care]. PMID- 3205031 TI - [The effect of the presurgical patch test to prevent irritation by bandages following laparotomy]. PMID- 3205033 TI - [Errors in your nursing: accidental bedwetting by a young child; care of a patient during respiratory management]. PMID- 3205034 TI - [Nursing of a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia during induction of remission]. PMID- 3205036 TI - [Physiopathology of cerebral apoplexy]. PMID- 3205035 TI - [Nursing of patients with chronic diseases]. PMID- 3205037 TI - [Misunderstanding between nursing personnel and patients and resulting limitations in nursing actions]. PMID- 3205038 TI - [Danger of one-sided assumption on the part of nurses]. PMID- 3205040 TI - Surrogate motherhood as prenatal adoption. PMID- 3205039 TI - Solomon would weep: a comment on In the Matter of Baby M and the limits of judicial authority. PMID- 3205041 TI - Forum on surrogate motherhood: politics and privacy. PMID- 3205042 TI - Forum on surrogate motherhood. Introduction. PMID- 3205043 TI - Is there anything wrong with surrogate motherhood? An ethical analysis. PMID- 3205044 TI - Surrogate motherhood: the challenge for feminists. PMID- 3205045 TI - An essay on surrogacy and feminist thought. PMID- 3205046 TI - Surrogacy: a preferred treatment for infertility? PMID- 3205047 TI - Uncertainty in clinical research. PMID- 3205048 TI - Research with human subjects as a paradigm in teaching. PMID- 3205049 TI - Uncertainty and medical authority in the world of Jay Katz. PMID- 3205050 TI - Conflict between doctor and patient. PMID- 3205051 TI - Silent decisions: limits of consent and the terminally ill patient. PMID- 3205052 TI - A "dignitary tort" as a bridge between the idea of informed consent and the law of informed consent. PMID- 3205053 TI - Disclosure and consent problems in pediatrics. PMID- 3205054 TI - Professional liability and the quality of mental health care. PMID- 3205055 TI - A psychiatrist on the law school faculty: influences on professional careers. PMID- 3205056 TI - "I think I do": another perspective on consent and the law. PMID- 3205057 TI - Meeting needs and rationing care. PMID- 3205058 TI - Education and the prevention of AIDS. PMID- 3205059 TI - From physical to biological time. AB - Time is a primitive (i.e. fundamental) notion, and the various concepts** that have been so far derived from this notion in various scientific domains do not cover all facets of it. Time in mechanics, either classical, quantal or relativistic, is devoid of directionality, the "arrow", i.e. of irreversibility: these physical theories are fundamentally time reversible. Thermodynamics, however, does involve irreversibility, but only as an empirical observation, rather than as a fundamental law of nature (entropy decreasing processes are said to be very improbable, they are not said to be forbidden). In contrast with physics, the arrow of time is of a tremendous importance and effect in biology. For this reason here I will propose a notion of time that--contrary to the claim of several current epistemological schools--is both primitive and oriented. Time flow and irreversibility are indeed at the heart of phenomena of the generation and growth of biological order (in developing organisms), of phenomena of maintenance of organisms in their healthy adult age (it is suggested that the production and coordination of temporal cycles are as important and perhaps more important in understanding this maintenance than the usually emphasized phenomenon of homeostasis), and finally of phenomena of senescence, with their ultimate issue: death. In all these fields, life obeys--does not negate--the thermodynamic law of increase of entropy, as the development of irreversible processes thermodynamics allows us to understand it. Many biologists use the concept of entropy in a somewhat restricted, and sometimes misleading way, namely as a measure of disorder. But the relationship between entropy and disorder is more subtle than mere equivalence. In order to clarify these ideas, a most precise relationship between entropy and order, using the physical concept of phase space, is expounded and illustrated. Application of the results of thermodynamics of irreversible processes to living beings requires a jump in complexity, the wideness of which is acknowledged: possible specific effects of this jump (linked for instance to the high number of hierarchical levels and/or to the role of randomness in the organization of the lower levels) are mentioned.4+ Some current models of aging, using thermodynamical analogies, are examined and discussed . Finally, it is pointed out that the concepts of time so far examined do not include the notion of the "present", which is so obviously at the heart of our psychological, internal and subjective notion of time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3205060 TI - Morphometrical and biochemical analysis on autofluorescent granules in various tissues and cells of the rats under several nutritional conditions. AB - The effects of age and nutritional conditions on accumulation of autofluorescent granules in various organs and tissues of male Sprague-Dawley rats were compared morphometrically. The relative intensity of the specific fluorescence of these autofluorescent granules was similar in all tissues and cells examined. In almost all cases, there were more autofluorescent granules in the 12-month experiment than in the 4-month one. Multiple necrotic foci of myofibrils with an accumulation of autofluorescent granules were seen in striated muscles in the rats on vitamin E-deficient diets for 12 months. In splenocytes, renal proximal convoluted tubules and hepatic cells, autofluorescent granules quantitatively increased significantly with an increase of the corn oil contents in the diets. The increase was rather marked in the splenocytes and renal epithelia of vitamin E-deficient rats. In the Purkinje cells and bronchial epithelial cells, no significant differences were noted according to the difference in the vitamin E and corn oil contents in diets. The accumulation of autofluorescent granules was not merely considered to be an age-related change, but to be influenced by a relationship to the cell metabolism and functional activity in various organs. PMID- 3205061 TI - Integral differences among human survival distributions as a function of disease. AB - The mortality kinetics of white humans of the United States were examined for 25 different age-related causes of death (22 male, 21 female). The survivorship distributions for these diseases clustered into groups, as defined by their position on the time axis. When the survivorship curves were linearized, by plotting as log(-log S(t] vs. log t, this clustering was easily identified as well-defined intersections among the lines separated by 2-year intervals. The four largest groups had intersections at approximate time values of 101, 99, 95, and 93 years, with a small group having an intersection at 97 years. The distribution of diseases among the intersections was not random but was related to sex and disease type. The two-parameter Weibull and GDCP (Gamma Distribution raised to a Combinatoric Power) functions were fit to the individual cause of death survivorship curves and yielded parametric values for the shape (slope) and median time to death. These two parameters varied with disease type and exhibited a positive, linear regression. The regression slope between the shape (alpha) and time (tau m) parameters of the GDCP was also equal to approximately 2 years. This suggested to us that the 2-year intervals in the median times of death with integral changes in the shape parameter and the 2-year time interval between the survivorship clusters may both arise from a similar process involving integral numbers of discrete steps. PMID- 3205062 TI - Cell surface oligosaccharide modulation during differentiation: III. Lectin affinity class distributions. AB - In previous studies we showed that the onset of the morphological phenotype of cellular senescence (IMR-90) in vitro is preceded by complex cell surface changes. Using fluorescently conjugated lectins these studies showed: (1) quantitative PDL-dependent decreases in cell surface mannosyl, galactosyl, and N acetyl-glucosamine residues; (2) these changes were correlated with changes in ligand/lectin membrane mobility, suggesting a functional relationship for the quantitative changes. To further investigate the biological significance of these observations we have developed a synthetic ligand competition assay to analyze the lectin binding event itself. The results of these analyses show that: (1) the number of binding affinity class distributions is highly restricted; (2) the PDL dependent mannosyl change is due to the loss of a high-affinity class distribution without significant change in the low-affinity site; and (3) PDL dependent changes in both galactosyl and N-acetyl glucosamine binding events are the result of changes in the affinity class distributions. These results are interpreted in terms of the potential available energy to act as the basis for signal transduction at the cell surface. PMID- 3205063 TI - Sialic acid content and sialyltransferase activity in human lymphocytes with advancing age. AB - Sialic acid and sialyltransferase activity were determined in lymphocytes obtained from the blood of 78 healthy male volunteers aged 20-80 years. When grouping was made in double decades, statistical evaluation using the Duncan procedure indicates that sialic acid did not show significant differences between groups, whereas the sialyltransferase activity was significantly higher in the group aged 41-60 years as compared to the group aged 20-40 years and the group aged 61-80 years, both at the 0.05 level. PMID- 3205064 TI - Comparison of arterial wall properties in young and old racing greyhounds. AB - Arteries were obtained from several sites in young (YGH) and old racing greyhounds (OGH). Segments were used for the determination of arterial wall mechanics under conditions of active (norepinephrine) and passive (Ca2+ free and 2 mM EGTA) smooth muscle. Contiguous segments were used for the chemical analysis of connective tissue, water and electrolyte content. The passive stiffness of arteries from OGH was consistently greater than that of the YGH. Collagen content and the collagen-elastin ratio were larger at all sites in the OGH. However, the connective tissue changes were not considered to be of sufficient magnitude to explain the changes in passive mechanics. Maximum values of active stress development were generally lower in arteries from the OGH as was their relative cell content. Active stress development normalized to smooth muscle cell cross section was not uniformly changed in arteries from OGH. In spite of the lower active stress development in some arteries, the ability of smooth muscle to constrict lumen diameter was not different between OGH and YGH at transmural pressures in the physiological range. While a number of changes occur in arteries of purebred greyhounds with aging, they appear to occur in such a fashion that normal function is not grossly altered. PMID- 3205065 TI - Lipid peroxidation as a possible cause of cataract. AB - The role of free-radical-induced lipid oxidation in the development of human lens opacity was studied. Physico-chemical parameters of the lens fiber membranes at different stages of cataract have been investigated. The deterioration of lens fiber plasma membranes structure preceding formation of large aggregates in lenticular matter, leading to lens opacity, was observed by electron microscopy. Initial stages of cataract were characterized by the accumulation of primary (diene conjugates, cetodienes) lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, while in the later stages there was a prevalence of end LPO fluorescent products. Reliable increase in oxiproducts of fatty acyl content of lenticular lipids was shown by direct gas chromatography technique obtaining fatty acid fluorine-substituted derivatives. The lens opacity degree is found to correlate with the level of the end LPO fluorescent product accumulation in its tissue, accompanied by SH group oxidation of crystallins due to decrease of reduced glutathione concentration in the lens. The injection of LPO products into the vitreous has been shown to induce cataract. It was concluded that peroxide damage of the lens fiber membranes may be the initiatory cause of cataract development. PMID- 3205066 TI - Sex-difference in the age related change of cholesterol metabolism in rats. AB - In Sprague-Dawley rats at the ages of 5 weeks (young) and 9 months (adult), the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in age matched animals was significantly higher in females than in males. The magnitude of the age-related decrease in the reductase activity was also greater in female rats. When rats were fed a cholesterol-enriched (1%) diet for 30 h as cholesterol challenge, the reduction of reductase activity depended more on sex than on age. The activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase was also higher in female than in male rats and it apparently remained unchanged with age in female rats while it decreased in male rats. With a cholesterol-enriched diet, the hydroxylase exhibited a significant age- and sex-dependent difference and it increased only in young males and adult females. In male rats, the concentration of hepatic cholesterol was significantly higher in adult than in young rats while it was comparable in female rats. The increase in hepatic cholesterol with dietary cholesterol was observed only in male adult rats. A significant age-related difference was observed in the concentration of serum cholesterol. The results suggest an existence of sex-dependent compensatory mechanism for maintenance of hepatic cholesterol homeostasis with age. PMID- 3205067 TI - Age-related changes in excision repair of cultured epithelial cells from mouse thymus. AB - These experiments were performed to test the possibility of a link between involution of the thymus and decreased ability to repair damaged DNA. In a previous investigation this was not found to be the case with thymic lymphocytes, and in the present work the question was addressed to epithelial cells of the thymic stroma isolated by growth in tissue culture. DNA repair in the epithelial cells was measured as unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and detected autoradiographically after UV irradiation of the cultures. In cultures derived from older mice, DNA repair was evident in the majority of the cells and continued after extended culture. When cultures were derived from preinvolution mice DNA repair activity, which was detected after short periods of culture, was lost from most of the cells after several days of growth. These unexpected findings raise the possibility that the ability of the stromal cells to repair DNA damage has enabled them to survive a selective pressure that is involved in thymic involution. PMID- 3205068 TI - The poly(U) translational capacity of Fischer 344 rat liver does not deteriorate with age and is not affected by dietary regime. AB - The translational capacity of ribosomes isolated from the livers of young (60-170 days, n = 13) and old (26.5 months, n = 11) Fischer 344 rats was assessed by poly(U)-directed [3H]phenylalanine incorporation. Run-off ribosomes and S100 supernatant were separately prepared from each individual liver. Ribosome concentrations were carefully measured. Individual differences were seen among young rats and among old rats; however, when considered as a group, the old rats, whether diet-restricted or fed ad libitum, translated poly(U) as well, or almost as well, as the young ones. PMID- 3205069 TI - Aluminum in the organs and diet of ageing C57BL/6J mice. AB - Total aluminum concentrations increased with ageing in the liver and kidney of male C57BL/6J mice, remained unchanged in brain and heart, and decreased with ageing in femur and lung for mice ranging in age from 56 to 1186 days. Ligating one kidney did not significantly increase aluminum concentrations in the various organs. Feeding 1 X 10(-2) M aluminum chloride (270 ppm Al) in the drinking water beginning at 604 days of age decreased the average life span by 6.7%. We conclude that very little aluminum accumulation occurs with ageing in the organs tested in this study, in spite of a high dietary intake. Other organs might show a change. Only one aluminum concentration was used in this study which accelerated the rate of ageing as indicated by a change in the survival curve. The effect of higher or lower aluminum concentrations remains to be seen. PMID- 3205070 TI - Slowing down aging of cultured embryonal chick chondrocytes by maintenance under lowered oxygen tension. AB - Cultured epiphyseal-chondrocytes from embryonic chick may serve as a useful in vitro model to study aging processes in cartilage. The accelerated aging process in cultured chondrocytes is completed within a month and is manifested by typical changes in both cellular and extracellular compartments. Under common maintenance conditions, cells show a gradual loss of replicative capacity, increase in the rate of proteoglycan synthesis and age-dependent changes in the structure and composition of proteoglycan. An environmental factor--reduced oxygen tension--was found to slow down aging processes and preserve the young features of chondrocytes for a longer duration in culture. Cultures maintained under lower oxygen tension had higher proliferation rate, smaller cell size, lower rate of proteoglycan synthesis, and lower content of keratan sulfate side chains in the proteoglycan. In addition higher concentrations of free cytosolic calcium [Ca2+]in as compared to control cultures, was found. It is suggested that the increased proliferation rate and the decrease in proteoglycan synthesis caused by low oxygen tension may be signalled by the higher [Ca2+]in in these cells. PMID- 3205072 TI - [Siv Rydheim, physician in rotating internship: the scheduling system must be changes]. PMID- 3205071 TI - Oxygen free radical production by mouse peritoneal macrophages as a function of age. AB - The ability of thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PM) from young and senescent C57BL/6J mice to produce oxygen free radicals was assessed by luminol dependent chemiluminescence (CL) after introduction of phagocytic stimuli. A significant age-dependent variation in the CL response was detected. A 2-fold increase in the oxygen reactive species was produced by senescent PM in response to latex and zymosan stimulation; but, the capacity to ingest latex and zymosan A particles did not vary significantly between PM from young and senescent mice. Peritoneal macrophages from both age groups responded much more vigorously to opsonized zymosan. The response of the PM from young mice was, however, 2.8-fold higher than that of old ones. There was no age-related difference in oxygen free radical production after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Also, no age-dependent differences were found in the relative contribution of the various oxygen reactive species O2.-, OH., 1O2 and H2O2) to the overall oxidative burst, with latex zymosan A or PMA. PMID- 3205073 TI - [The medical research council invests in HIV/AIDS research and geriatric health care]. PMID- 3205074 TI - [What ails the health care system?l. Obsolete organization]. PMID- 3205075 TI - [Consultation, symptoms,effect of expectations--some areas for general medical research. Interview by Gustav Haglund]. PMID- 3205076 TI - [Children and acute pain]. PMID- 3205077 TI - [Pericardial effusion after open heart surgery is a complication with uncharacteristic symptoms]. PMID- 3205079 TI - [Who should formulate medical ethics--physicians, patients or authorities?]. PMID- 3205078 TI - [At the top of the world. A report from the Swedish Mount Everest expedition]. PMID- 3205080 TI - [Results from the WHO MONICA study: Northern Sweden has the highest cardiovascular mortality rate]. PMID- 3205081 TI - [Campylobacter--a common cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome?]. PMID- 3205082 TI - [Peritendinitis calcarea doesn't appear only in the shoulder joint]. PMID- 3205083 TI - [Vision control in diabetics is neglected. Health care providers should be alerted to prevent blindness. Interview by Bo Lennholm]. PMID- 3205084 TI - [Examination of undergraduate medical students in surgery in 1973-1984. What is done with the ones who failed?]. PMID- 3205085 TI - [Is pathologic anatomy or psychiatry the best basis for clinical perspective of general practitioner?]. PMID- 3205086 TI - [Physician as patient's ombudsman: a way to increase quality of care]. PMID- 3205088 TI - [Shock wave lithotripsy--a conservative method for treatment of urinary tract calculi]. PMID- 3205087 TI - [How do the Swedish adolescents feel?]. PMID- 3205089 TI - [Streptokinase or urokinase in the treatment of myocardial infarction?]. PMID- 3205090 TI - [A new case of vomiting gallstones]. PMID- 3205091 TI - [Sodium intake and hypertension: a connection not yet clarified]. PMID- 3205092 TI - [Patients with suspected unstable coronary disease can be discovered by exercise test]. PMID- 3205093 TI - [Who owns resected cells? A conflict between a patient and a physician in the USA]. PMID- 3205094 TI - [Food and cancer--a methodological problem in population studies]. PMID- 3205096 TI - [Health centers and theirs widespread contacts make primary health care services to take central role in the work with HIV]. PMID- 3205095 TI - [Bone marrow granuloma caused by Q fever--a rarely notified etiology]. PMID- 3205097 TI - [Determination of endotoxin--a new method for diagnosis of gram-negative septicemia]. PMID- 3205099 TI - [TWAR--a newly discovered cause of pneumonia]. PMID- 3205098 TI - [Better quality of life with modern pacemaker treatment]. PMID- 3205100 TI - [Criticism of psychiatric care of the most severely ill patients--resources and education are demanded]. PMID- 3205101 TI - [School medicine or magic?]. PMID- 3205102 TI - [Aluminum might cause osteoporosis]. PMID- 3205103 TI - [Ambulatory care at health centers--experiences from a suburb of Stockholm]. PMID- 3205104 TI - [A tip for occupational health services: triglyceride levels and unhealthy life style]. PMID- 3205105 TI - [No deviating levels were found in persons with self-diagnosed mercury poisoning]. PMID- 3205106 TI - [Insufficient protection against new influenza strains. An early start of the influenza season means widespread epidemics]. PMID- 3205107 TI - [Implantation of permanent pacemakers in Sweden in 1986--an inquiry study]. PMID- 3205108 TI - [Art in hospitals: a renaissance of roof painting]. PMID- 3205109 TI - [The LSPV project--a study of involuntary commitment and voluntary treatment in 2 counties. A wholly negative picture of psychiatric hospitalization. Reforms are necessary after criticism expressed by both patients and relatives]. PMID- 3205112 TI - Nursing diagnostic categories' time has come. PMID- 3205110 TI - [Pleuropneumonia with abscess formation caused by TWAR]. PMID- 3205111 TI - [Expert recommendations on drug therapy in arthrosis]. PMID- 3205113 TI - "I like old people, I do". PMID- 3205114 TI - Satellite Housing Integrated Programmed Support (SHIPS). PMID- 3205115 TI - [Development of a radiofrequency device for heating superficial and deep-seated tumors]. AB - The author described the procedure of RF heating of tumors using a heating system Thermotron RF-8 (8 MHz), developed in Japan. The results of the treatment of 63 patients were reported. Limitations of the method and ways of their overcoming were shown. PMID- 3205116 TI - [Engineering aspects of electromagnetic hyperthermia]. AB - The paper is concerned with an approach of Japanese investigators to the treatment of malignant tumors using hyperthermia. Some physical and engineering aspects of electromagnetic hyperthermia were described. Emphasis was laid on the designing of equipment simple to maintain and the development of accessories. PMID- 3205117 TI - [Current state of the problem of local hyperthermia in Japan]. AB - The author reported the results of local RF hyperthermia in combination with radiotherapy applied to 700 cancer patients used jointly in a group of 7 Japanese institutes, the author being the chief of the group. The author also reported clinical results of thermochemotherapy applied to a limited number of patients in 4 institutes. A conclusion has been made that the use of hyperthermia, especially in combination with radiotherapy, holds promise. However, further optimization of the methods of heating and thermometry is required. PMID- 3205118 TI - [Clinical experience in the combined use of hyperthermia and radiotherapy]. AB - The experience of thermoradiotherapy of superficial and deep-seated tumors with Thermotron RF-8 in the Kyoto University Hospital indicates the effectiveness of RF capacitative heating. CT scanning plays an important role in the assessment of thermoradiotherapy as it permits the detection of low density zones in a heated area. In such cases even in the absence of tumor regression, local tumor control is observed. It is confirmed by the retardation of tumor growth and histology findings. PMID- 3205119 TI - [Effect of hyperthermia and ionizing radiation separately or in combination on tumor metastasis]. AB - The paper is devoted to a study of the effect of hyperthermia and irradiation used alone or in combination on the frequency and intensity of metastasizing of Walker carcinoma in rats, sarcoma-37 and 2 types (LLC and LLC-1) of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. The frequency and intensity of metastasis depend not only on tumor type but also on a transplantation site. Metastasizing of tumor cells transplanted under the leg skin, occurs after a tumor reaches the volume of 25 mm3. Local hyperthermia (40-45 degrees C) and irradiation used alone or in combination, do not change the frequency and intensity of metastasis. However if a rise of body temperature is noted in local hyperthermia, larger tumor nodes appear in the lungs without evidence of an increase in the number of metastases. PMID- 3205120 TI - [Pathomorphosis of cancer of the breast during thermoradiotherapy]. AB - Local UHF-hyperthermia in combined therapy of breast cancer patients as compared to preoperative radiotherapy used alone, resulted in more noticeable therapeutic changes in a tumor. This fact was established during a study of tumor pathomorphosis in 206 patients with stage II breast cancer. A degree of therapeutic tumor pathomorphosis showed good correlation with the frequency and duration of a recurrence-free period of disease. In III-IV degree of tumor pathomorphosis the use of thermoradiotherapy brought about a higher efficacy of radical therapy of breast cancer patients. PMID- 3205121 TI - [Computed tomography in pre-irradiation topometry applied to diseases of the thoracic organs]. AB - The authors describe methods of pre-irradiation topometry in patients with thoracic tumors. They are based on patients' examination using an X-ray simulator and a computerized tomograph. The superiority of these methods over the previously used conventional methods was shown. The authors presented 77 cases observed by them. Radiation therapy plans in 48% of the patients were changed as a result of pre-irradiation investigation. PMID- 3205122 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in multiple primary cancer of the colon]. AB - The paper is concerned with analysis of CEA indices in 43 patients with multifocal colon cancer (22 with synchronous and 21 with metachronous colon cancer). The level of CEA was elevated in the group of patients with metachronous cancer in 85.7%, in the group of patients with synchronous cancer in 90.9%, and in the entire group of colon cancer patients in 88.4%. No correlation between the level of CEA and the presence of the second (third of more) tumor simultaneously was not revealed. CEA can be used as a test for diagnosis of recurrences and metachronous colon cancer during a follow-up of patients subjected to radical treatment for a primary colon tumor. PMID- 3205123 TI - [Ultrastructure of the vessels of the submucosal membrane of the rat small intestine at long intervals following fractionated irradiation]. AB - The time course of ultrastructural changes in the walls of arterial type vessels was studied in the small intestinal submucous membrane of Wistar male rats long after fractionated irradiation of the abdominal area. Three phases were identified in the development of vascular response to irradiation; mechanisms of their development are under discussion. PMID- 3205124 TI - [A computerized dosimetric system for studying the radiation fields of equipment for distance radiotherapy]. AB - The use of micro-computers for continuous control of the position of an ionizing radiation detector in space and dose rate using an analog-to-digital converter permits raising the accuracy of and lessening the efforts of obtaining dosimetric information on radiation fields of beta-beam units. Error of determination of the position of a detector in space was +/- 0.2 mm, that of relative changes of dose rate was +/- 0.2%. PMID- 3205125 TI - [The hygiene of instruction in preschool institutions]. PMID- 3205126 TI - [The training of correct carriage in preschoolers]. PMID- 3205127 TI - [The pathophysiological bases of drug addiction and abuse]. PMID- 3205128 TI - [How to organize a fluorography card file]. PMID- 3205129 TI - [Elements of the scientific organization of work in the work of a functional diagnosis office]. PMID- 3205130 TI - [A device for applying a tourniquet]. PMID- 3205131 TI - [Marfan's disease in children]. PMID- 3205132 TI - [New forms of management, planning and financing in public health]. PMID- 3205133 TI - [Chromosomal diseases in children]. PMID- 3205134 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of hematogenous osteomyelitis of the spine]. PMID- 3205135 TI - [Therapeutic physical exercise in closed diaphyseal fractures of the femur]. PMID- 3205136 TI - [Problems of theory and practice in therapeutic physical exercise]. PMID- 3205137 TI - [Current aspects of phytotherapy]. PMID- 3205138 TI - [Buckwheat]. PMID- 3205139 TI - [Moral-ethical and deontological problems in the professional activities of paramedical personnel today]. PMID- 3205140 TI - [The theory and practice of nursing]. PMID- 3205141 TI - [Organizational problems of specialized medical care for patients at home]. PMID- 3205142 TI - Heating effects of metallic implants by MRI examinations. AB - Magnetic radiofrequency fields applied in magnetic resonance imaging examinations induce electrical currents in metallic implants. These eddy currents may heat up the implants and thus may be capable of causing localized tissue heating. The rf power deposition and the joule heating of the implant can be calculated by solving Maxwell's equations for the specific problem. First, extreme in vitro worst-case experiments were performed with a large and very thin aluminum sheet, which was placed in a 1.5-T MRI device in a position parallel to the magnetic rf field. In agreement with the theoretical results the temperature rise of a thermally insulated sheet amounted to only 0.08 degrees C after a 15-min MRI examination at 64 MHz. No temperature rise in the aluminum sheet could be measured for a sheet immersed in a saline solution. Second, in vitro experiments with a hip joint prosthesis and an osteosynthetic plate were performed to confirm the theoretical results, which predict nearly no temperature rise in the metallic implants. No temperature rise in the implants could be measured. PMID- 3205144 TI - Averaging error in NMR slice profile measurements. AB - Slice thickness is a primary operational parameter in the evaluation of the performance of an MRI system with regard to providing accurate imaging of a slice of tissue. Of the various methods that have been utilized to evaluate slice thickness, a continuous high-signal ramp has gained the most support as the method of choice. However, problems with the accuracy of the measurement method have been associated with the finite thickness of the ramp. This report considers the accuracy of the measurement method as a function of ramp width. PMID- 3205143 TI - High-resolution 1H NMR spectral signature from human atheroma. AB - Coronary artery disease due to atherosclerosis takes the lives of approximately 550,000 Americans each year--an enormous toll. Put in economic terms, the cost to the United States alone has been estimated to exceed 60 billion dollars annually. We have found that well-resolved proton (1H) NMR spectra can be obtained from human atheroma (fatty plaque), despite its macroscopic solid appearance. The fraction of the total spectral intensity corresponding to the sharp 1H NMR signals is temperature dependent and approaches unity at body temperature (37 degrees C). Studies of the total lipids extracted from atheroma and cholesteryl esters were conducted to identify the chemical and physical origin of the spectral signature. The samples were characterized through assignment of their chemical shifts and by measurement of their T1 and T2 relaxation times as a function of magnetic field strength. The results suggest that the relatively sharp 1H NMR signals from human atheroma (excluding water) are due to a mixture of cholesteryl esters, whose liquid-crystalline to isotropic fluid phase transition is near body temperature. Preliminary applications to NMR imaging of human atheroma are reported, which demonstrate early fatty plaque formation within the wall of the aorta. These findings offer a basis for noninvasive imaging by NMR to monitor early and potentially reversible stages of human atherogenesis. PMID- 3205145 TI - Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of estradiol-induced pituitary hyperplasia in rats. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for the determination in vivo of rat pituitary size. In midsagittal T2-weighted sections the pituitary, having a lower T2 value than the surrounding tissue, was visible with pronounced contrast. The size has been estimated by pixel counting. A close correlation (r = 0.96) with the pituitary weights determined postmortem has been obtained, demonstrating the reliability of the in vivo method. Using MRI the effects of Sandostatin, a somatostatin analog, on the pituitary size have been monitored in a rat model of prolactinoma (estradiol-induced hyperplasia of the pituitary). Treatment with Sandostatin over 4 weeks resulted in a 40% reduction of the hyperplastic pituitaries. These results have been confirmed by determination of pituitary weights postmortem. However, due to a large interindividual variation in size of hyperplastic pituitaries, more animals are required to reach statistical significance when only endpoints of treatment can be measured. In contrast, MRI allows one to monitor individually the drug effects over a long period of time, eliminating interindividual variations. PMID- 3205147 TI - Paramagnetic contrast enhancement at 0.02 T: an experimental study using Gd-DOTA in normal and hydronephrotic kidneys. AB - Both normal and experimentally hydronephrotic rabbits were imaged at 0.02 T using partial saturation (PS 160/30) and inversion recovery (IR 1000/200/40) sequences. The signal intensity of normal renal medulla and cortex markedly increased after the injection of 0.1 mmol/kg of Gd-DOTA. In the unilateral total hydronephrosis the dilated renal pelvis did not contrast enhance after 15 and 35 min of Gd-DOTA injection. The enhancement pattern was similar in 1- and 3-week-old hydronephrosis. The effect of Gd-DOTA on renal T1 times at 0.02 T was studied using rats. Fifteen minutes after the Gd-DOTA injection (0.1 mmol/kg) the T1 times of excised rat kidneys decreased from 311 to 90 ms. The authors conclude that the enhancement of the MR signal of the kidney by Gd-DOTA at an ultralow magnetic field (0.02 T) is similar to its enhancement at higher fields (greater than 0.15 T). PMID- 3205146 TI - Problems in the assessment of magnesium depletion in the rat by in vivo 31P NMR. AB - Prior in vitro studies, utilizing 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) to measure the chemical shift (sigma) of beta-ATP and lengthening of the phosphocreatine spin-spin (T2) relaxation time, suggested an assessment of their efficacy in measuring magnesium depletion in vivo. Dietary magnesium depletion (Mg2+ decreases) produced markedly lower magnesium in plasma (0.44 vs 1.13 mmol/liter) and bone (130 vs 190 mumol/g) but much smaller changes in muscle (41 vs 45 mumol/g, P less than 0.01), heart (42.5 vs 44.6 mumol/g), and brain (30 vs 32 mumol/g). NMR experiments in anesthetized rats in a Bruker 7-T vertical bore magnet showed that in Mg2+ decreases rats there was a significant change in brain beta-ATP shift (16.15 vs 16.03 ppm, P less than 0.05). These chemical shifts gave a calculated free [Mg2+] of 0.71 mM (control) and 0.48 mM (Mg2+ decreases). In muscle the change in beta-ATP shift was not significant (Mg2+ decreases 15.99 ppm, controls 15.96 ppm), corresponding to a calculated free Mg2+ of 0.83 and 0.95 mM, respectively. Phosphocreatine T2 (Carr-Purcell, spin-echo pulse sequence) was no different with Mg2+ decreases in muscle in vivo (surface coil) (Mg2+ decreases 136, control 142 ms) or in isolated perfused hearts (Helmholtz coil) (control 83, Mg2+ decreases 92 ms). 31P NMR is severely limited in its ability to detect dietary magnesium depletion in vivo. Measurement of beta-ATP shift in brain may allow studies of the effects of interaction in group studies but does not allow prediction of an individual magnesium status. PMID- 3205149 TI - Fast gradient-echo chemical-shift imaging. AB - A fast chemical-shift imaging using the gradient-echo technique is proposed for the separation of the water and fat in human in vivo imaging. This technique also incorporates magnetic field inhomogeneity correction in the fast chemical-shift imaging. Experimental results of the proposed imaging technique demonstrate that the method would be useful for quick in vivo water-fat separation imaging with a substantially shorter time than the conventional spin-echo imaging sequence. PMID- 3205148 TI - Human in vivo phosphate metabolite imaging with 31P NMR. AB - Phosphorus (31P) spectroscopic images showing the distribution of high-energy phosphate metabolites in the human brain have been obtained at 1.5 T in scan times of 8.5 to 34 min at 27 and 64 cm3 spatial resolution using pulsed phase encoding gradient magnetic fields and three-dimensional Fourier transform (3DFT) techniques. Data were acquired as free induction decays with a quadrature volume NMR detection coil of a truncated geometry designed to optimize the signal-to noise ratio on the coil axis on the assumption that the sample noise represents the dominant noise source, and self-shielded magnetic field gradient coils to minimize eddy-current effects. The images permit comparison of metabolic data acquired simultaneously from different locations in the brain, as well as metabolite quantification by inclusion of a vial containing a standard of known 31P concentration in the image array. Values for the NMR visible adenosine triphosphate in three individuals were about 3 mM of tissue. The ratio of NMR detectable phosphocreatine to ATP in brain was 1.15 +/- 0.17 SD in these experiments. Potential sources of random and systematic error in these and other 31P measurements are identified. PMID- 3205150 TI - Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging using steady-state free precession. AB - IVIM MR imaging is a method which generates images of diffusion and perfusion in vivo. Until now, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) images have been obtained using spin-echo sequences with extragradient pulses, resulting in long acquisition times (typically 2 x 8 min 32 s). A new method is proposed here, using steady-state free precession (SSFP), which allows IVIM images to be obtained in a couple of minutes. Phantom studies showed that the sensitivity of SSFP to IVIMs is much greater than that of spin echoes. In vivo images are shown. PMID- 3205151 TI - Nodal inhomogeneity mapping by localized excitation--the "NIMBLE" shimming technique for high-resolution in vivo NMR spectroscopy. AB - A method (NIMBLE) for obtaining optimum B0 field homogeneity at voxels located away from the magnet isocenter for use in volume-selected NMR spectroscopy is described. Voxels may be shimmed using only first-order X, Y, and Z shims to produce three-dimensional shim current maps, thus avoiding shim coupling problems. NIMBLE shimming prior to volume selection ensures optimum spectral resolution and improves the efficiency and accuracy of the volume-selection experiment. The benefits of the technique are illustrated by a high-resolution volume-selected spectrum of human tibia marrow. PMID- 3205152 TI - 31P FLASH NMR imaging. AB - A method of 31P FLASH NMR imaging is described using a low flip angle excitation pulse and three-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopic imaging (3DFT). In vivo high-resolution 31P NMR spectra are obtained for each of 32 x 32 image elements using a minimum measuring time of 1.5 min. 31P FLASH images of a rat showing the spatial distribution of phosphocreatine, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ATP have been measured in a 4.7-T magnet with a spatial resolution of 6 mm. PMID- 3205153 TI - A volume-localized, two-dimensional NMR method for the determination of lactate using zero-quantum coherence created in a stimulated echo pulse sequence. AB - A volume-localized, two-dimensional NMR method which unambiguously measures lactate protons in the presence of interfering lipid resonances is presented. This technique employs the stimulated echo method for spatial selection and was used to observe lactic acid levels in a subcutaneously implanted RIF-1 tumor at a concentration of 9.6 mM. PMID- 3205154 TI - Spin probe reduction in cells and tissues. AB - The reduction rates of different nitroxides in rat lung tissue were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance. We confirmed that the reduction rate of nitroxide spin probe molecules is coupled with their structure and transport characteristics. Oxygen was found to slow down the reduction rate of nitroxides in rat lung tissues. On the basis of these findings it can be concluded that most nitroxide properties described for homogeneous systems--cells and tissue homogenates--are also valid for heterogeneous systems, which is important for the application of nitroxides as metabolically active NMR contrast agents. PMID- 3205155 TI - Elimination of transverse coherences in FLASH MRI. AB - Fast low-angle shot (FLASH) imaging enables T1-weighted scans to be acquired in a few seconds. However, the diagnostic image quality is severely compromised by the appearance of artifactual bands parallel to the frequency encode direction. We show that the band structure arises from differences in the ability of the phase encode gradient to spoil transverse coherences that build up between successive repetition intervals. A theoretical understanding of the mechanisms involved leads to a comparison between various methods of spoiling the unwanted echoes throughout the whole field of view. Spoiler gradients whose amplitudes change linearly with phase encode step number are treated in detail. The theory predicts that the spoilers will rotate and rescale the band structure and these results are confirmed experimentally. The effect of the spoilers at a given location along the gradient is equivalent to the effect on the entire field of view of an incremented phase shift applied to the radiofrequency pulse. An appropriate rf phase shift scheme should therefore provide ideal spoiling characteristics for FLASH imaging. PMID- 3205156 TI - Simultaneous multislice acquisition of MR images. AB - The simultaneous multislice technique is a method of imaging multiple parallel slices with the number of echoes normally used to image a single slice. Images of 16 slices have been obtained from a single 128-echo acquisition. The distance between the slices can be decreased to approximately 15% of the field of view in the readout direction with the cost of significant image blurring. The image blurring is negligible when the distance between the slices approaches the field of view in the readout direction. The trade-offs are described, and equations and images are presented. PMID- 3205157 TI - Gastrointestinal contrast agents: a diamagnetic approach. AB - The clay minerals kaolin and bentonite are demonstrated as gastrointestinal contrast agents for MRI. Weak field dependence of the relaxation efficiency assures effectiveness of these agents at all field strengths in clinical use. These agents eliminate signals from their immediate environment and are not toxic. PMID- 3205158 TI - SLIM: spectral localization by imaging. AB - Nonspectroscopic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging often shows that a slice is composed of several compartments, each of which can be assumed to have a spatially homogeneous magnetic resonance spectrum, e.g., a limb composed of fat, muscle, bone marrow, and tumor. We show how to use structural information from such a nonspectroscopic image in order to increase the efficiency of subsequent localized spectroscopic measurements. Specifically, knowledge of the boundaries of N compartments makes it possible to reconstruct compartmental spectra from spectroscopic signals from an entire cross section with N or more different degrees of phase encoding. Experimental studies of a two-compartment phantom show that this method (SLIM) can be used to derive regional hydrogen spectra of a single slice from signals with as few as 2 phase-encoding steps, although Fourier transform chemical-shift imaging requires 64 steps to achieve a result of comparable accuracy. SLIM required only 16 phase-encoding steps to obtain accurate regional single slice spectra in a human limb with three compartments. Spectra of similar quality, obtained by Fourier transform chemical-shift imaging, required 256 to 1024 steps. PMID- 3205159 TI - A general approach to selection of multiple cubic volume elements using the ISIS technique. AB - The ISIS method is used regularly for the selection of a single cubic volume of tissue for in vivo investigation by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. This technique has been extended on a theoretical basis to include the simultaneous selection of a number of cubes, the signals from which can be either assessed individually or in certain circumstances coadded to produce improvement in signal to-noise ratio. The modification requires additional selective RF pulses in the spatial encoding prepulse period, and spatially localized spectra are produced by addition and subtraction of NMR signals in a manner similar to the original ISIS technique. PMID- 3205160 TI - Maximum entropy and 2DFT NMR images. AB - A comparison between contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as obtained by both maximum entropy (ME) and 2DFT reconstruction, is reported for NMR images. Our results show that in the ME elaboration the contrast and SNR are generally increased with respect to the 2DFT elaboration. The magnitude of such an increase depends on the ME statistical parameter and also, quite strongly, on the values of contrast and SNR of the 2DFT image. PMID- 3205161 TI - 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of glucose metabolism in human red blood cells. AB - Glucose metabolism of human red blood cells was investigated using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy under both oxygenated and nonoxygenated conditions. These results show that under oxygenated conditions reversal of 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde to glucose is in competition with its catabolism to lactate. PMID- 3205162 TI - Fat suppression in the time domain in fast MR imaging. AB - Two gradient-recalled lipid suppression sequences are proposed. A two-excitation sequence cycles the TE interval between excitations to alter the lipid phase which is followed by complex subtraction. A four-excitation variant which improves the extent of lipid suppression by partially compensating for errors resulting from spin-spin relaxation and B0 inhomogeneities is outlined. PMID- 3205163 TI - Daily assessment of ocular variables throughout the menstrual cycle. PMID- 3205164 TI - Late results of surgery for congenital esotropia. AB - In a retrospective study we have evaluated the surgical outcome in 46 children with congenital esotropia who were followed up for at least two years. The results support the concept of early operation for congenital esotropia. Evaluation of the effect of simultaneous weakening of the inferior obliques proved statistically that this reduced the effect of recession-resection of the horizontal recti. PMID- 3205165 TI - Mitral valve prolapse (Barlow's syndrome) and retinal emboli. AB - Mitral valve prolapse (M.V.P.) is a noninflammatory degeneration of the mitral valve leaflets which results in a billowing of the redundant valve tissue toward the left atrium during the systolic phase. Mitral valve prolapse can be diagnosed by echocardiography or by auscultation where a characteristic mid-systolic click and late systolic murmur can be heard. Ophthalmic complications of MVP include chronic external progressive ophthalmoplegia and an association with keratoconus. In this case we present a case of a young woman who presented with sudden recurrent decrease in vision secondary to retinal arterioli emboli associated with the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. PMID- 3205167 TI - Original acquisition in the pathogenesis and the treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy. AB - In the present work, we demonstrate in the serum of patients with progressive exophthalmos, the presence of circulating immunoglobulin which is able to induce an experimental exophthalmos in goldfish. This immunoglobulin disappears when exophthalmos becomes residual. In parallel, we describe an easy technique for the measurement of delayed hypersensitivity which is positive for thyroid or retroorbital antigens in progressive exophthalmos but negative in residual exophthalmos. We also demonstrate in patients with exophthalmos an increase in urinary glycosaminoglycans. We propose a new therapeutic approach in treatment of acute exophthalmos which consists of intensive plasma exchange followed during a few months, by the administration of small amounts of corticosteroids. The plasma exchange mechanism consists of the extraction of the antibody directed against retroorbital eye muscle antigen. In addition, plasma exchange produces the extraction of glycosaminoglycans from retroorbital tissue. These hygroscopic molecules are responsible for the marked oedema in retroorbital tissue. PMID- 3205166 TI - A metabolic analysis of high myopia and senile macular degeneration. AB - Abnormal zinc and copper metabolism have been described in several retinal disorders affecting the retinal pigment epithelium. An infrequent presentation of senile macular degeneration in high myopia is well known. We examined the blood for zinc and copper and the urine for copper of three groups of patients, one consisting of high myopia, another with high myopia and primary retinal detachment and the other a group of patients with senile macular degeneration. When comparing the above groups of patients, we found statistically elevated values of serum zinc (p = less than 0.005) in the group of patients with senile macular degeneration. The significance of these findings, and a correlation with the pathogeneses of high myopia and senile macular degeneration is discussed. PMID- 3205169 TI - The pathogenesis of the fundus peau d'orange and salmon spots. PMID- 3205168 TI - Beneficial effects of intensive plasma exchange followed by immunosuppressive therapy in severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - Nine patients with severe Graves' ophthalmopathy were treated by intensive plasma exchange, followed by immunosuppression. Severity of ocular involvement and response to therapy were evaluated by numerical scoring (ophthalmopathy index) and clinically. Serum thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) and urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were measured immediately before and immediately after plasmapheresis. Plasma exchange was rapidly accompanied by marked clinical improvement in 8/9 patients. The most marked effects were on soft tissue involvement, proptosis, intraocular pressure, and visual acuity. The ophthalmopathy index decreased from 9.7 +/- 4.1 to 5.7 +/- 2.2 (p less than 0.001) after plasmapheresis. Serum TSI levels were initially elevated in 6 patients and remained positive in 3 patients after treatment. Urinary GAG excretion was initially 2- to 12-fold normal levels and was decreased by 60%. After plasmapheresis, patients received immunosuppressive drugs for 3-6 months. The follow-up period, after withdrawal of drugs, ranged from 5 to 38 months with a median of 17 months. The ocular condition remained stable in 6 patients. Three patients had a relapse 1 year after plasmapheresis: they were treated a second time by plasma exchange with subsequent improvement. In conclusion, intensive plasma exchange provided prompt and effective improvement in patients with severe progressive Graves' ophthalmopathy. This therapeutic procedure, followed by immunosuppression, gave long lasting results. Relapses were responsive to plasmapheresis therapy. The data suggest that plasma exchange may represent the best primary treatment for severe progressive Graves' ophthalmopathy. PMID- 3205170 TI - The effect of human bile on Bacteroides fragilis in health and disease. AB - Bacteroides fragilis is generally believed to be stimulated by bile. Although B. fragilis is rarely found in the human duodenum, it is relatively frequent in gall bladder infections. To investigate this paradox, the growth of B. fragilis in the human bile in both health and disease was studied, and compared with the effect of bovine and porcine bile. B. fragilis was stimulated by the bovine bile and inhibited by the porcine bile. The normal human bile was either bacteriostatic or inhibitory whereas bile from cholelithiatic patients, in 50% of cases, stimulated the growth of B. fragilis. This explains the relative prevalence of B. fragilis in cholelithiatic cholecystitis patients although it is not a resident flora of the duodenum. PMID- 3205171 TI - Measles/mumps/rubella vaccine: a new start. PMID- 3205172 TI - The introduction of measles/mumps/rubella vaccine. PMID- 3205173 TI - Obstetric implications of sickle cell disease. PMID- 3205174 TI - The "GIFT" of life. PMID- 3205175 TI - Establishment of a screening clinic for well-adults. PMID- 3205176 TI - New patterns in Doula client relations. PMID- 3205177 TI - Cultural and religious attitudes in family planning. PMID- 3205178 TI - Soothers--a case for the professionals? PMID- 3205180 TI - Community nursing and communication. PMID- 3205179 TI - Healthy eating includes eggs. PMID- 3205181 TI - Anaesthetic accidents & the future of obstetrics. PMID- 3205182 TI - Development & use of a recovery room for the delivery suite. PMID- 3205183 TI - Midwife to the hippies. PMID- 3205184 TI - Case study: management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy. PMID- 3205185 TI - Sayings and superstitions. PMID- 3205186 TI - 'If it hasn't got a name, it doesn't exist': international classifications, primary care and education. PMID- 3205187 TI - Social issues in medicine: a follow-up comparison of senior-year medical students' attitudes with contemporaries in non-medical faculties. AB - A comparison of first-year medical students' attitudes to social issues in medicine with attitudes of non-medical first-year students in 1983 found that the medical group was less conservative towards general social issues but more conservative in relation to those areas which closely affect the doctor's role, particularly the place of allied health professions and government intervention in health care. This paper reports a follow-up study of the same groups of students when they had reached senior years in their respective courses. While medical student conservatism on general social issues continues to be no greater than other student groups there is a marked increase in conservatism of attitudes towards government involvement in health care and regulation of costs. Attitudes to allied health professions and preventive care remain unchanged but senior medical students are significantly less likely to recognize social factors as determinants of illness than they were when they commenced the study of medicine. Specific curricular attention to social and behavioural medicine does not appear to counteract the predominantly biomedical perspective students experience in teaching hospitals, the major venue for their clinical education. PMID- 3205188 TI - School results as predictors of medical school achievement. AB - In Queensland, scores in the final 2 years of secondary school scaled by an independent aptitude test are used to determine admission to tertiary education. The validity of this procedure for medical school enrollment has been investigated. Data were from four cohorts which entered the medical school to commence the course in each of the years 1975-1978, a total of 943 students. In addition to the school subject scores, overall order of merit scores and results of an independent aptitude test used to scale these scores were included with the predictors. Criteria were derived from the grades obtained in the 33 medical school subjects over the 6-year course, or from a broad pass/fail classification. We demonstrate that the school science subjects were of moderate value for prediction of preclinical achievement, but that school English was the most important predictor of performance in the clinical years, which is perhaps an indication of the value of communication skills. PMID- 3205189 TI - Early identification of future medical students using initial undergraduate grades. AB - This study assessed whether overall academic performance in undergraduate medical coursework can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by using grades from initial college-level courses rather than total premedical grade point averages (GPAs). Initial college grades from four areas, MCAT scores, and NBME I and II scores were recorded for students admitted to the University of Washington Medical School, for students admitted to other medical schools, and for students not admitted to any medical school. The results documented a high relationship between cumulative GPAs and initial grades, with differences found between those students admitted to medical school and those not admitted. The importance of this study is the documentation that little predictive utility is gained by waiting for overall college GPAs from medical school applicants. Initial GPAs are available 2 years earlier than overall GPAs and provide virtually the same information. Exploratory suggestions for medical school admission policies are made. PMID- 3205190 TI - Teaching basic science: Dr Fox in the physiology chicken coop. AB - In a variation of the Dr Fox study, an educational specialist delivered a lecture in the first-year course on physiology. A highly expressive teaching style was used for content which was determined by physiology teachers. The aim was to determine whether students would note a difference. According to student evaluations, this was the highest rated lecture in the 1984 course. The lecture was repeated in the 1985 and 1986 courses with positive, but less high ratings. No students detected that the lecturer was not a physiologist. PMID- 3205191 TI - Biomedical knowledge in explanations of clinical problems by medical students. AB - This paper was motivated by a controversy concerning the role of basic sciences in medical education. A problem underlying this issue is that it is unknown how basic science is used in clinical reasoning. The experiment was designed to address this issue. Three texts were constructed dealing with basic science knowledge relevant to a clinical problem. Subjects were asked to read and recall the texts. Next, the subjects were required to read and recall the clinical text describing a patient problem. Finally, they were asked to provide a diagnosis and an explanation of the underlying pathophysiology. Subjects were first-, second- and fourth-year medical students. Detailed analysis of subjects' protocols are presented. In general, the results show that when basic science information is given before the clinical problem, the basic science knowledge is used either incorrectly or inconsistently in explaining the clinical problem by all subjects. The authors interpret these results to indicate that the basic sciences and the more practical clinical knowledge form two separate domains with their own individual structures and the clinical information cannot be embedded into the basic science knowledge structure. PMID- 3205192 TI - What anatomy shall we teach medical and dental students in a primary health care curriculum? AB - The opinions of 142 doctors on the relevance of anatomy to the diagnosis and management of common clinical problems in their current medical and dental practice were analysed. This was in a bid to determine the relevant anatomy course content for the new primary health care oriented medical and dental curriculum of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos. The respondents gave high scores to the relevance of anatomy knowledge to the management of acute abdomen (mean = 3.5), dislocated shoulder (3.3), Colles' fracture (3.2), palmar space abscess (3.2), obstructed labour (3.2), carcinoma of the breast (3.2), ectopic pregnancy (3.1), flail chest (3.1) and upper respiratory obstruction (3.0). They gave minimal scores to helminthiasis (mean = 1.5) common cold and anaemia (1.6), sickle cell disease (1.7), gastroenteritis (1.8), dental abscess (2.0), hypertension (2.2) and asthma (2.2). A basis for selecting relevant anatomy course content is deduced for an undergraduate curriculum in which the responsibilities and competence of the graduates is known. A nationwide extension of the study, especially amongst general practitioners and first-line doctors in rural areas, would be useful for identification of health problems that require little or no knowledge of anatomy and which can be safely managed by lower cadres of health personnel, traditional practitioners and members of the lay community. PMID- 3205193 TI - Learning human anatomy: student preferences of methods in a Nigerian medical school. AB - The present study evaluates the usefulness, as perceived by students, of the various methods by which anatomical information is presented during the preclinical part of the medical course. Assessments of these learning methods were elicited from a cohort of medical students at the University of Benin by a questionnaire based on their selection of questions to attempt in Anatomy Paper 2 (Essays) of the First Professional examination (= 2nd MB). An algorithm was provided to enable the quantification of the preferences expressed and hence the derivation of a utility index for each learning method. The results showed that reading/private study, formal lectures, informal discussions with peers and practical work were the learning methods from which the students had benefited, in descending order of usefulness. These findings are discussed in the context of the teaching and learning of human anatomy in the particular circumstances studied. PMID- 3205194 TI - How comfortable do first-year medical students expect to be when taking sexual histories? AB - The authors assessed the expected degree of comfort among first-year students at two California medical schools in taking a sexual history from four types of patients: heterosexual men; heterosexual women; homosexual (men and women combined); and an AIDS patient. Data were from questionnaires administered at two California medical schools (response rate = 87%). Students expected to be significantly more comfortable with heterosexual patients who were the same sex as the student. Students who had previously taken a sexual history anticipated relatively more comfort with heterosexual patients. The lowest expected comfort was for the AIDS patient. Older students expected to be more comfortable with the AIDS patient, independent of the student's personal sexual experience. Students with a homosexual friend anticipated more comfort with both the AIDS patient and the homosexual patients. PMID- 3205195 TI - An approach to medical curriculum evaluation. AB - The advent of new trends in medical education makes it necessary for new and established medical schools to evaluate their curricula. The changing needs of society emphasize that this process should be continuous. There are, however, many difficulties which impede the initiation of curriculum evaluation. The College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences at King Abdulaziz University initiated and carried out a plan for programme evaluation in 1984-85. The pathway selected for this experience was based on existing models which were modified to suit the local needs. The formulation of the plan was guided by general principles aiming at participation, communication, data-gathering from numerous sources and utilization of appropriate resources. The main direction of the evaluation was formative in nature and was carried out internally. The results were analysed and revealed major problems in the existing design and the teaching/learning environment. The recommendations for change were guided by educational criteria concerned with promotion of learning, problem-solving and community orientation. The main emphasis in the presentation of this report is on the process more than the content of curriculum evaluation. PMID- 3205196 TI - An audit of clinical teaching: an approach to one performance indicator of educational competence. AB - This paper describes a simple, self-administered audit of the year-by-year clinical examination results of 149 students taught by the writer (Dr X) over a 9 year tenure (1977-1985) as a Senior Lecturer in Surgery at the University of Western Australia. The clinical examination results of these 149 students are compared with the clinical examination results of a total peer group cohort of 1567 students taught by the writer's colleagues in the same academic department over the same years. The limitations and applicability of this method of audit are discussed, and it is argued that this type of self-assessment might be of use, in conjunction with other evidence, in the documentation of teaching expertise. Such documentation might be of use in applications for clinical teaching appointments or promotions. PMID- 3205197 TI - The effect of practical training in obstetrics among medical students: symphysis fundal height measurements. AB - In a study to evaluate the repeatability of symphysis-fundal (SF) height measurements by medical students, and the effect of practical training in obstetrics on this repeatability eight medical students and an obstetrician initially measured the SF height three times each in six pregnant women. The students were then split into two groups: a training group and a control group. After a training period at the University Hospital in Trondheim, another series of measurements were taken on another group of pregnant women. For comparison of results analysis of variance was used. Within and between observer variation are presented, and the results showed that the practical training had a positive effect on the repeatability of SF height measurements. PMID- 3205198 TI - Group training of general practitioners: evaluation based on participants' expectations of an educational programme. AB - Since 1985, the Norwegian Medical Association (NMA) has offered a 5-year specialist training programme in general practice. For two of these years the doctors take part in a group-based educational programme with bi-weekly meetings of 3 hours' duration. The evaluation study reported here had a dual purpose: to provide the groups with a method for exploring the group members' expectations of the programme, and to measure to what extent the programme had actually met these expectations within the first of the 2 years. Thirty-one of 38 groups, first established in spring 1986, responded on a postal inquiry where they were asked to list up to 10 features they expected to find in the educational programme. These expectations were rated by the groups on a five-point scale, where 5 denoted a fully met expectation. The four most frequent features analysed were: (1) increased comprehension of the characteristics and practice of general medicine; (2) good group collaboration; (3) facilitating the acquisition of medical knowledge; and (4) evaluation of clinical problems and patient management. Expectations for the first two of these features were nearly fully met, while the two others were met to a lesser degree. This type of evaluation seemed to be a useful tool for improving the group's way of functioning. PMID- 3205199 TI - Training of general practitioners in interpreting chest radiographs. AB - Easily accessible chest and skeleton roentgen examinations are needed in primary health care. In Finland the health centres perform about a third of all roentgen examinations. Many of the films are interpreted by health centre doctors at least in the primary phase. About 40% of them are chest radiographs. In 2640 chest radiographs interpreted by general practitioners the final roentgen diagnosis was pathological in 54%. Pathological conditions were totally overlooked in 13%. Of normal cases 19% were interpreted falsely positive. The greatest need for general practitioners' training is in the common findings in the chest, for example cardiac insufficiency and inflammatory as well as atelectatic changes in the lungs. Pulmonary findings in children proved difficult to interpret and were proposed as a subject for training. The role of poor image quality in interpretation errors must be emphasized when less experienced doctors interpret chest films. If regular radiological consultation is not available, postgraduate training in diagnostics of chest radiographs should be considered in the training of specialists in general practice as well as in their supplementary training. PMID- 3205200 TI - Continuing education as an essential component of World Health Organization manpower development policies and strategies in the European Region. PMID- 3205201 TI - Is peptide T, an octapeptide sequence found in the external glycoprotein coat of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a fragment of a retro-copy of the gamma-3 MSH neuropeptide? AB - It is proposed that peptide T, a protein sequence found in the HIV coat, shares homology with the carboxyl-terminal extension of the gamma-3-MSH neuropeptide. Based on this observation, it is hypothesized that the N-terminal gamma-MSH sequence is probably present in the glycoprotein coat. It is concluded that many of the symptoms caused by HIV are mediated by the gamma-MSH receptor. PMID- 3205203 TI - Aspects of perceptual development and rehabilitation. AB - It is hypothesized that two anatomically distinct structures--sensory and cognitive--are jointly responsible for perception. In normal individuals the sensory structure is developed at birth, whereas the cognitive one develops after birth under the influence of information received through the sensory structure. Only information that is consciously perceived and comprehended is essential for development of cognitive structure. Consequently, creation of an optimal substream of this cognizable information is an important objective for the therapist or teacher. PMID- 3205202 TI - Theoretical mechanisms for synthesis of carcinogen-induced embryonic proteins: XX. Embryonic gene perturbations expressed in terms of matrix algebra. AB - Simple matrix expressions can be devised for gene repressor associations that lend themselves to manipulations such as linear transformation matrices. Such transformation matrices act in perturbing representations for given repressed genic states and may be analogous to carcinogens. Although the matrix algebraic expressions are developed by using simple repressor theory, it can equally serve to represent modifications of chromatin domains that may be more consistent with mechanisms of derepression of embryonic genes. In general, it is proposed that the potentially exploitable algebras such as abstract, geometric, matrix, vector and tensor be a subset of mathematical biology termed "Bioalgebraic Field Theory". PMID- 3205204 TI - A natural food, the Malabar Tamarind, may be effective in the treatment of obesity. PMID- 3205205 TI - Might the aphorism "there is no indication in medicine for a pint of blood" lie behind some of the residual morbidity and mortality of surgery? AB - Reconsideration of, and some uncertainty about, the risks of whole blood transfusion are stimulating renewed debate around and about transfusion policy. This essay -- 1) considers probable risks of retreating in fright from the approach which has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of surgical operations over the last 100 years, so that we may balance them against the known and putative risks of transfusion. 2) questions the universality of the aphorism "There is no indication in medicine for a pint of blood" -- because it presumes and implies that everyone can "tolerate"/not be harmed by/minor blood loss, or minor hypovolaemia from any other cause, and leads surgeons and anaesthetists to aim at "minimising" the degree and duration of hypovolaemia during surgery rather than to prevent it entirely. 3) proposes that circulating volume deficiencies, including small ones, are intrinsically intolerable pathological events to be prevented by a "positive" policy aiming at normovolaemia throughout operative procedures by "priming" patients about to undergo major operations with volume expanders before surgery, minimising their intraoperative blood loss, giving non blood plasma expanders until dilution threatens significant anaemia, and whole blood transfusion as a last resort when it does. 4) proposes that averting "minor" short-lived circulating volume depletion might avert the residual "minor" morbidity and mortality caused by venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, bronchopneumonia, intestinal ileus, postoperative abdominal distension, wound and anastomotic dehiscence, fat embolism, (alone or in various combinations) and give us a greater (insight into and) control over fluid and electrolyte balance. PMID- 3205206 TI - On the possible relationship between AIDS and nutrition. AB - It is noted that host resistance or susceptibility factors are important in determining the probability of contracting many diseases. Though AIDS has been studied primarily in terms of exposure to disease agents, it is proposed that factors affecting susceptibility or resistance be considered. Because of its effect on cellular immunity, nutritional stress is proposed as a plausible determinant of increased risk. Specific mechanisms are discussed and a connection between diverse risk groups is proposed. PMID- 3205207 TI - Four ways of becoming ill. AB - Illnesses are classified by whether or not etiologies are comprehensible or incomprehensible. The comprehensible diseases are divided into those due to four classes of etiologic agents: toxicity, heredity, infection and deficiency. Cooperations between two members of these classes are described to illustrate the concepts of hereditary intoxication, infectious intoxication, toxic deficiency, hereditary infection, hereditary deficiency and infectious deficiency. Examples in which cooperations among members of three or four classes of etiologic agents are required to produce illness also are provided. It is concluded that there are only four known ways of becoming ill and that cooperations can explain much variability of human disease. PMID- 3205208 TI - New approach to treatment of AIDS and AIDS related complex. AB - A new approach for treatment of AIDS is suggested. This is to isolate the patient's blood, to remove anti-T-cell substance from the plasma, and treat the cells with an anti-viral agent. And then return it into the patient. PMID- 3205209 TI - Maternal hyperthermia as a cause of "idiopathic" mental retardation. AB - Maternal hyperthermia of even short duration induces dramatic teratogenic (monster producing) effects in all experimental animals studied. In humans, several studies have reported cases analogous to some laboratory results in animal experiments, e.g., mental retardation, brain and nerve abnormalities and facial deformity. Recent computer-aided 3D reconstructions of pyramidal cells from guinea-pig brains subjected embryonically to a 1 hr stress at 44 degrees C environmental temperature, show that structural changes are induced in dendritic arbors. The alterations are greatest for dendritic segments closest to the cell body and are consistent with several reports linking topological and metrical anomalies with disturbances of brain function. We suggest that many cases of "idiopathic" subnormality are due to maternal hyperthermia during early pregnancy. PMID- 3205210 TI - [Inter-observer variations in thoracic radiogram readings in pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 3205211 TI - [Psychometric study of assessment of coronary prone behavior (type A) in working population. II. Jenkins activity survey: N form]. PMID- 3205212 TI - [Changes in pulmonary diffusion of carbon dioxide during induced bronchospasm]. PMID- 3205213 TI - [Cardiovascular stress in workers of porphyry mines]. PMID- 3205214 TI - [A case of edematous pharyngolaryngitis in a man occupationally exposed to inhalation of freon gas]. PMID- 3205215 TI - [Tosylchloramide-induced asthma: description of a case]. PMID- 3205216 TI - [Indicators in human biological materials for assessing exposure to and/or biological effects of genotoxic chemical substances]. PMID- 3205217 TI - [Behavior of zinc during and after intestinal infections in infants]. PMID- 3205218 TI - [Accidental ingestion of caustics in childhood. Therapeutic proposals]. PMID- 3205219 TI - [Diagnostic elements in chronic HBV hepatitis in childhood]. PMID- 3205220 TI - [Efficacy of the piperacillin-aztreonam combination in antibiotic prophylaxis during the neonatal period]. PMID- 3205221 TI - [Usefulness of the determination of creatine kinase isoenzymes in the neonatal period]. PMID- 3205222 TI - [Assessment of blood barbiturates in the newborn infants by the determination of phenobarbital in saliva]. PMID- 3205223 TI - [Candida and Aspergillus infections in children with neoplasms, neutropenia and fever: serological diagnosis]. PMID- 3205224 TI - [Bladder-urethral dysfunction in childhood]. PMID- 3205225 TI - [Recurrent abdominal pain in childhood]. PMID- 3205226 TI - [Heterogeneous neurologic manifestations of AIDS in children]. PMID- 3205227 TI - [Spondylo-costal dysostosis. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 3205228 TI - [Asymmetric septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with omphalocele in a newborn infant]. PMID- 3205229 TI - [Temperature of the gingival sulcus in man]. PMID- 3205230 TI - [Clinical research on the antiseptic properties of a co-adjuvant product in root canal therapy and of an endodontic cement]. PMID- 3205231 TI - [Deep epithelial graft. Histological findings]. PMID- 3205232 TI - [Gemination and fusion]. PMID- 3205233 TI - [Giant keratocyst localized in the mandible. Clinical case]. PMID- 3205234 TI - [Dust pollution at dental technical laboratories]. PMID- 3205235 TI - Going the distance as a neonatal nurse. PMID- 3205236 TI - Kasey's story. PMID- 3205237 TI - Aftereffects of morphine and fentanyl analgesia: a retrospective study. PMID- 3205238 TI - Rooming-in: a preventative health care measure in the neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 3205239 TI - Overwhelmed by infant resuscitation? Remember your "ABCDEs". PMID- 3205240 TI - Congenital lobar emphysema. PMID- 3205242 TI - Registered care technologists. PMID- 3205241 TI - Ribavirin: ready for RSV season. PMID- 3205244 TI - RCTs revisited. PMID- 3205243 TI - Bagged versus diaper urine specimens and laboratory values. PMID- 3205245 TI - Tolazoline HCl (Priscoline). PMID- 3205246 TI - [Clinicopathological studies of the recurrence of esophageal squamous cell cancer -with special reference to the mode of recurrence and operative procedure]. AB - In 93 out of 201 patients (46%) with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus who underwent radical resection (excluding death within 30 days after operation), the site of recurrence could be identified by means of X-ray, CT, ultrasonography, and biopsy. Recurrence was found in 55% of 93 cases within 12 months after surgery and in 86% of 93 cases within 24 months. Of 93 patients with recurrences, lymph node recurrences were present in 44 cases, visceral recurrences in 32 cases, both lymph node and visceral recurrences in 11 cases and others in 6 cases. Neck and/or upper mediastinal lymph node recurrences were found in 10 out of 15 patients who had recurrences within 3 months after surgery. Careful examination should be made in the left recurrent nerve chain and extended lymph node resection of upper mediastinal region should be performed under the adequate indication. Esophageal squamous cell cancer has a tendency to recur in the lymph nodes initially, and visceral metastases may occur thereafter. The incidence of visceral recurrence increased remarkably, when neck and/or upper mediastinal lymph nodes were involved at the time of operation. Accordingly, both irradiation and chemotherapy should also be applied for improving the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 3205247 TI - [Clinicopathological study of early gastric cancer--indication of conservative surgery and radical endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer]. AB - Clinicopathological factors such as depth of cancer invasion, size, gross type, frequency of metastases to regional lymph nodes, and distant prognosis were evaluated in last consecutive 339 cases with solitary early gastric cancer. The conservative surgery, that is, subtotal gastrectomy with complete dissection of lymph nodes of group 1 and selective celiac group and partial bursectomy, would be indicated for early gastric cancers located in antrum or corpus. But if the metastasis to the group 2 lymph nodes is suspected during the surgery, it is necessary to dissect lymph nodes en bloc more than group 2. The results, concerning the type of early gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis and the indication of endoscopic treatment, were as follows; 1. Intramucosal cancer of elevated type less than 2 cm in diameter. 2. Intramucosal cancer of depressed type less than 1cm in diameter, without peptic ulcer within the lesion, and a differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma histologically. 3. Intramucosal cancer of flat type less than 2 cm in diameter. But it is difficult to detect the depth of cancer invasion and lymph node metastasis preoperatively. We would emphasize that endoscopic treatment should be indicated in the case for which surgical treatment is not indicated. PMID- 3205248 TI - [Results of long follow-up study for peptic ulcer patients treated with gastrectomy]. AB - This clinical study was based on 307 peptic ulcer patients treated with gastrectomy over a 15-year period in our department. Numbers of surgical cases for peptic ulcer remarkably decreased after the introduction of cimetidine in 1980. A median age of gastric ulcer patients was in sixth decades, whereas duodenal ulcer in fifth decades. Surgical indications were 60 percent in intractable ulcer, 30 percent in complication as bleeding, stenosis and perforation, and 10 percent in suspicious malignancy. After cimetidine introduction intractable cases decreased from 63 percent to 44 percent. There was no remarkable difference in the fasting and peak plasma secretin concentrations in postprandial period between peptic ulcer patients and normal controls, however, in gastrectomized patients the plasma secretin response decreased in postprandial state. Follow up study was made on a point of postoperative recurrence and postgastrectomy syndrome. Small stomach syndromes such as insufficient food intake and body weight loss were observed in 10 and 30 percent in the gastrectomized patients, but 86 percent of the patients were satisfied with the results of operation. We concluded that gastrectomy for peptic ulcer was treatment of choice from the point of low recurrence rate and no severe postgastrectomy disorders. PMID- 3205249 TI - [A study of the effects of fresh frozen plasma to improve host defense against bacterial infection and levels of coagulation factors after hepatectomy]. AB - Intraperitoneal infection and massive bleeding after hepatectomy often lead to liver failure. A possible cause of these complications may be the debasement of coagulation factors and opsonins in plasma after hepatectomy. The effects of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to prevent these complications were investigated. 1) In the patients administered with more than 10 units/day of FFP after major hepatectomy, postoperative plasma opsonic activity was higher and the frequency of the intraperitoneal infection was lower than in the patients administered with smaller volume. In the former group, the activity of coagulation factors tended to increase postoperatively except for factor VII. But even the activity of factor VII was above critical level, and actually postoperative bleeding caused by coagulative insufficiency was not observed. 2) In the 70%-hepatectomized dogs, disappearance curve of intravenously injected Escherichia coli was biexponential. So two compartment model composed of circulating blood and phagocytic system was applied and velocity constants of the each phases of sequestration, reflux, and ingestion were calculated. The administration of FFP and opsonization of bacteria by normal plasma did not influence the phases of sequestration and reflux, but significantly accelerated the ingestion phase. The administration of FFP also increased survival rate after bacterial injection. These results suggest that FFP is effective on improving host defense against bacterial infection. PMID- 3205250 TI - [Nuclear DNA pattern and various prognostic factors of the gallbladder cancer]. AB - Nuclear DNA patterns which was obtained by the Feulgen staining and microspectrophotometric measurement in the gallbladder cancer were analyzed. DNA score was determined by the peak ploidy unit and decided numbers of frequency in each ploidy unit and compared with the various factors influencing prognosis of the patients. DNA score was significantly lower in cancer with papillary form and limited involvement to the mucosa compared with that with other forms and involvement beyond the proper muscle layer. DNA score was also significantly lower in cancer without hepatic infiltration, vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis than that with those characteristics. In experimental studies VX2 cancer cells which were implanted in the gallbladder subserosa in rabbits, DAN score did not show any changes with the growth of carcinoma implanted. Biologic nature of the tumor which was evaluated with nuclear DNA pattern of cancer cells was fundamental to define the spread of carcinoma and the prognosis of the patients. PMID- 3205251 TI - [Azygos venous blood flow in portal hypertension]. AB - Azygos venous blood flow estimated by the continuous thermodilution method was measured in 48 patients with portal hypertension. In patients with cirrhosis, azygos venous blood flow was 326 +/- 139ml/min (mean SD) and was significantly higher than in patients without portal hypertension (163 +/- 61ml/min). In patients with idiopathic portal hypertension and extrahepatic portal obstruction, azygos venous blood flow was 411 +/- 227ml/min and 328 +/- 85ml/min respectively. Azygos venous blood flow was significantly correlated with the hepatic venous pressure gradient but neither with cardiac output nor with size of esophageal varices. In eleven cirrhotic patients, azygos venous blood flow and other hemodynamic parameters were measured before and after the nonshunting operation of esophageal transection, splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization. Azygos venous blood flow and hepatic venous pressure gradient were significantly reduced after operation. On the other hand, cardiac output did not change significantly after surgical procedure. Relatively high postoperative azygos venous blood flow indicates its important role in the postoperative collateral circulation. PMID- 3205252 TI - [Hemodynamic studies of portal hypertension with esophageal varices; a role of left gastric artery and vein]. AB - Hemodynamic states of portal hypertension with esophageal varices were studied by scintiphoto splenoportography (SSP) and left gastric angiographies in relation to endoscopic findings. The cases were classified into two groups by SSP. The flow of left gastric vein was hepatofugal in Group I (77.3%), and it was hepatopetal or "to and fro" in Group II (22.7%). Endoscopically, the varices were more severe in Group I than those in Group II. The diameter of left gastric vein was significantly larger in Group I. The values of K.ICG and liver function by blood analysis were also poor in Group I. Moreover, the cases with varices supplied by both left gastric artery and vein showed more severe endoscopic findings and history of hematemesis than those in the cases with varices supplied by left gastric artery alone. In conclusion, the results suggested that the flow of left gastric vein was closely related to the severity of esophageal varices. PMID- 3205253 TI - [Autotransplantation of nipple-areolar complex in a modified radical mastectomy- indications and three-stage breast reconstruction]. AB - Necessity of breast reconstruction after mastectomy has been increasing in recent years. For better reconstruction, we preserve a nipple-areolar complex (NAC) by transplanting it temporarily onto the lower abdominal wall and retransplant it to the restored breast mound in a subsequent operation. Indications for NAC preservation are as follows: (1) by palpation the tumor is found to be smaller than 3.0cm in diameter without apparent regional and distant metastasis, (2) neither abnormal nipple discharge nor nipple retraction is observed, (3) tumor is remote more than 3.0cm from the areolar margin, (4) no abnormal shadows are seen below the nipple and areola in the mammogram, (5) no microscopic extension of the cancerous cells is detected beneath the resected NAC. We have performed 18 transplantations using this procedure with good cosmetic results. There were no recurrent cases due to NAC preservation. It is concluded that this technique for preserving the NAC by autotransplantation is easy to perform and useful for breast reconstruction because of low risk of recurrence and better cosmetic results. PMID- 3205254 TI - [Long-term results of porcine bioprosthetic heterograft; a 13-years' experience]. AB - One hundred and ninety-four patients underwent valve replacements with the glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine bioprostheses (133 Hancock valves, 39 Angell Shiley valves, 22 Carpentier-Edwards valves and 3 other valves) from 1974 through 1979. There were 105 women and 89 men, whose age ranged 18 to 62 (mean 38.8) years. One hundred and eighty-two patients had mitral bioprosthetic valve replacement (BVR)s, of which 52 had combined aortic mechanical valve replacements, 8 had aortic BVR's, 3 had tricuspid BVR's and 3 had multi-BVR's. Operative mortality was 10.8%. Only one patient was lost to follow-up. Cumulative duration of follow-up is 1421 patient-years. Linearized rate of anticoagulant related hemorrhage, thromboembolism (TE), prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), primary tissue failure (PTF) and valve dysfunction (VD) were 0.07, 1.62, 0.49, 2.74 and 3.66% per patient-year. Actuarial freedom from TE, PVE, PTF and VD were 87.0 +/- 2.7%, 95.6 +/- 1.5%, 65.2 +/- 4.9% and 56.9 +/- 5.6% at 13 years. Actuarial survival rate was 67.4 +/- 4.0% at 13 years. Long term follow-up after valve replacement with porcine bioprosthetic valve confirms low thrombogenicity. But primary tissue failure was the chief cause of valve dysfunction and represent a major problem. At this time, we are going to use porcine bioprosthetic valve in the selected patients, that is in the situations in which anticoagulation is contraindicated. PMID- 3205255 TI - [In vitro evaluation of hydrodynamics of prosthetic heart valves]. AB - The hydrodynamics of various prosthetic heart valves currently available commercially were studied in our mock circulation system by analysis of flow pressure gradient and opening angle. Using the circulation system, various prosthetic heart valves were tested in the simulative states of normal hemodynamics, low output, arrhythmia, hypovolemia, and vasoconstriction. The flow pressure gradient analysis demonstrated the characteristics of each valves clearly. The St. Jude Medical valve showed the superior valve characteristics over other mechanical valves. The opening angles of the tilting disc prosthetic valves were also studied in the same simulative circulation using the photosensor system with real-time monitoring. In contrast to our clinical experiences of poor opening of Omniscience valve in the mitral position, limitation of the opening angle of the valve was not observed in this in vitro study. PMID- 3205256 TI - [Aortic valve replacement in children associated with enlargement of aortic annulus]. AB - Between February, 1983 and August, 1987, twelve children, aged from 2 years to 16 years, underwent aortic valve replacement associated with enlargement of aortic annulus successfully. According to the form of the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, enlargement of aortic annulus was performed by Konno procedure in eight cases, by Nicks procedure in three cases and by Manouguian procedure in one case. In Manouguian procedure, mitral valve replacement associated with enlargement of mitral annulus was carried out simultaneously. In Konno and Manouguian procedures, the diameter of aortic annulus was enlarged from 180% to 200% compared with the original annular size, whereas in Nicks procedure, the diameter was enlarged around up to 110%. St. Jude Medical valve, of which size ranged from 21mm to 25mm, was employed in these procedures. All these children survived operation, and the post-operative follow up period ranged from 1 month to 55 months. There was one late death eleven months after Konno procedure because of respiratory failure resulting from pulmonary hypertension which persisted postoperatively. The remaining eleven children are surviving well after procedure. These results suggest that aortic valve replacement associated with enlargement of aortic annulus is an acceptable procedure in children with small aortic annulus or sub-aortic stenosis. PMID- 3205257 TI - [A review of post-operative multiple organ failure in peripheral arterial diseases]. AB - Two-hundred- and-fifty-one patients of peripheral arterial diseases underwent 281 operations for past 11 years in our institute, and multiple organ failure (MOF) occurred in 10 patients (4.0%). These patients were reviewed and were compared with in other diseases. Survival rate was 50% and all the patients with 4 or more organ disorders died. Incidence and survival rate were not significantly different from operative time, blood loss and blood transfusion. Significant difference was observed between elective operation (3.0%) and emergent operation (20.0%). Compared with other diseases, MOF occurred more rarely in peripheral arterial diseases than in aortic aneurysms, but occurred 1.4 times of digestive diseases. While the gastro-intestinal bleeding as the initial failure organ occurred more frequently in peripheral arterial diseases than in other diseases, heart and respiratory failures were rare. MOF occurred after peripheral arterial intervention as well as other abdominal and thoracic surgery. To avoid MOF it is important to avoid MOF that the emergent surgery should be kept out and that general status, especially the grade of diabetes mellitus should be evaluated sufficiently. PMID- 3205258 TI - [Extra-anatomic bypass operation of ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm]. AB - A successful surgical case of ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm of Crawford type III was reported. The patient was a 40-year-old male suffering from cystic kidney, hypertension and dissecting aortic aneurysm. The operative procedure was implantation of a large Dacron graft between the ascending aorta and the common iliac arteries, with branches of small Dacron grafts anastomosed to the left common carotid, left subclavian, celiac, superior mesenteric and renal arteries, and exclusion of the aorta. PMID- 3205259 TI - [Flow cytometric determination of S phase fractions of colorectal carcinomas using: preliminary report anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody]. PMID- 3205260 TI - [Possible participation of lymphatic uptake of endogenous endotoxin: preliminary report]. PMID- 3205261 TI - [Effect of artificial surfactant therapy on pulmonary failure in severe acute pancreatitis: preliminary report]. PMID- 3205262 TI - Activity of 1,1,1- and 1,1,3-trichloroacetones in a chromosomal aberration assay in CHO cells and the micronucleus and spermhead abnormality assays in mice. AB - 1,1,1- and 1,1,3-trichloroacetones (TCA) result from the disinfection of municipal water supplies with chlorine, and are direct-acting mutagens in the Ames/Salmonella assay. The objective of this study was to further investigate the genotoxicity of these compounds in mammalian cells using an in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and the micronucleus and spermhead abnormality assays in mice. Both compounds induced significant increases in structural chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells in the presence and in the absence of rat S9 metabolic activation (MA). 1,1,3-TCA was more cytotoxic to CHO cells but 1,1,1-TCA resulted in a higher proportion of cells with aberrations. The clastogenic activities of both compounds were reduced in assays conducted with MA. Neither compound resulted in the induction of a significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes from bone marrow of Swiss Webster mice when administered by oral gavage; nor were effects seen on the incidence of sperm with head-shape abnormalities, testis weight, or epididymal sperm concentration in B6C3F1 mice 21 or 35 days after treatment. These data indicate that the drinking water contaminants 1,1,1- and 1,1,3-TCA are clastogenic in vitro, but are not clastogenic to bone marrow cells in vivo, and do not adversely affect several indicators of testicular function in mice. PMID- 3205263 TI - Cytotoxicity, sister-chromatid exchange, chromosome aberration and transformation induced by 2,2-dichlorovinyl-O,O-dimethyl phosphate. AB - 2,2-Dichlorovinyl-O,O-dimethyl phosphate (DDVP), an extensively used household insecticide, was assayed for its genotoxicity in primary rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells. Cytotoxicity of DDVP to RTE cells was dose-dependent, killing about 50% of the cell population at a dose of 80 micrograms/ml. Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosomal aberrations induced by this insecticide were positive in RTE cells although the doses needed for significant inductions were much higher than those by a known genotoxic agent, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The level of transformation induced by DDVP in RTE cells was about 1/5 that induced by MNNG at a dose of similar cytotoxicity. The slope of the regression line for induced transformation is 1.27. DDVP probably induces the genotoxic effect in RTE cells by a one-hit mechanism. PMID- 3205264 TI - Acute cytogenetic effects of potassium bromate on rat bone marrow cells in vivo. AB - The acute cytogenetic effects of potassium bromate (KBrO3) on rat bone marrow cells in vivo were studied. The incidence of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells increased rapidly, reaching a maximum level 12 h after intraperitoneal injection and decreased within 24 h. Dose-response relationships were obtained for both intraperitoneal and oral administrations. PMID- 3205265 TI - Effects of adjuvant tamoxifen and of cytotoxic therapy on mortality in early breast cancer. An overview of 61 randomized trials among 28,896 women. AB - We sought information worldwide on mortality according to assigned treatment in all randomized trials that began before 1985 of adjuvant tamoxifen or cytotoxic therapy for early breast cancer (with or without regional lymph-node involvement). Coverage was reasonably complete for most countries. In 28 trials of tamoxifen nearly 4000 of 16,513 women had died, and in 40 chemotherapy trials slightly more than 4000 of 13,442 women had died. The 8106 deaths were approximately evenly distributed over years 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5+ of follow-up, with little useful information beyond year 5. Systematic overviews of the results of these trials demonstrated reductions in mortality due to treatment that were significant when tamoxifen was compared with no tamoxifen (P less than 0.0001), any chemotherapy with no chemotherapy (P = 0.003), and polychemotherapy with single-agent chemotherapy (P = 0.001). In tamoxifen trials, there was a clear reduction in mortality only among women 50 or older, for whom assignment to tamoxifen reduced the annual odds of death during the first five years by about one fifth. In chemotherapy trials there was a clear reduction only among women under 50, for whom assignment to polychemotherapy reduced the annual odds of death during the first five years by about one quarter. Direct comparisons showed that combination chemotherapy was significantly more effective than single-agent therapy, but suggested that administration of chemotherapy for 8 to 24 months may offer no survival advantage over administration of the same chemotherapy for 4 to 6 months. Because it involved several thousand women, this overview was able to demonstrate particularly clearly that both tamoxifen and cytotoxic therapy can reduce five-year mortality. PMID- 3205266 TI - Diminished rates of bone formation in normal black adults. AB - Blacks have a greater bone mass and a lower incidence of osteoporosis and hip fractures than whites. We performed biopsies of the iliac crest in 12 blacks (6 men and 6 women) and 13 whites (8 men and 5 women) who were matched for age (range, 19 to 46 years) and weight, to determine whether histomorphometric differences between blacks and whites could be identified. The static measurements of cortical and cancellous bone architecture were not significantly different in the two groups. In contrast, the dynamic measurements, determined with tetracycline markers, showed that the mean rate of bone formation in the blacks was only 35 percent of that in the whites (P less than 0.001). We conclude that the rate of bone turnover is lower in blacks than in whites, since bone resorption and bone formation are closely coupled in the steady state. If reconstitution of previously resorbed cavities at remodeling sites is incomplete in osteoporosis, a reduction in the rate of skeletal remodeling could provide a means for maintaining and preserving bone mass in blacks. PMID- 3205267 TI - Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. AB - To study risk factors for falling, we conducted a one-year prospective investigation, using a sample of 336 persons at least 75 years of age who were living in the community. All subjects underwent detailed clinical evaluation, including standardized measures of mental status, strength, reflexes, balance, and gait; in addition, we inspected their homes for environmental hazards. Falls and their circumstances were identified during bimonthly telephone calls. During one year of follow-up, 108 subjects (32 percent) fell at least once; 24 percent of those who fell had serious injuries and 6 percent had fractures. Predisposing factors for falls were identified in linear-logistic models. The adjusted odds ratio for sedative use was 28.3; for cognitive impairment, 5.0; for disability of the lower extremities, 3.8; for palmomental reflex, 3.0; for abnormalities of balance and gait, 1.9; and for foot problems, 1.8; the lower bounds of the 95 percent confidence intervals were 1 or more for all variables. The risk of falling increased linearly with the number of risk factors, from 8 percent with none to 78 percent with four or more risk factors (P less than 0.0001). About 10 percent of the falls occurred during acute illness, 5 percent during hazardous activity, and 44 percent in the presence of environmental hazards. We conclude that falls among older persons living in the community are common and that a simple clinical assessment can identify the elderly persons who are at the greatest risk of falling. PMID- 3205268 TI - Reducing the risks of malpractice liability: the Illinois court takes an important step. PMID- 3205269 TI - Stimulated as compared with spontaneous growth hormone levels for diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 3205270 TI - Pediatric surgery. PMID- 3205271 TI - Cobalamin deficiency and neuropsychiatric disorders. PMID- 3205272 TI - Cerebral infarcts and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. PMID- 3205273 TI - Cigarette smoking and benign breast disease. PMID- 3205274 TI - AIDS and the health care worker. PMID- 3205275 TI - The village health worker in the Republic of Ciskei. PMID- 3205276 TI - The dilemma of the pregnant teenager. PMID- 3205277 TI - Alternative choices. PMID- 3205278 TI - Simulation games: a promising teaching strategy for nursing education. PMID- 3205279 TI - [Proposals by leaders]. PMID- 3205280 TI - [Life insurance and your style of marriage]. PMID- 3205281 TI - Family planning and the male adolescent. Part 2. Sex counseling of the male adolescent. PMID- 3205282 TI - Active birth. An alternative for labour management. PMID- 3205283 TI - The spread of hospital infections. Part II. PMID- 3205284 TI - Village health do's and don'ts. PMID- 3205285 TI - Feeding the cancer patient. PMID- 3205287 TI - Puppets as a teaching tool. PMID- 3205286 TI - Copying & copyright. PMID- 3205288 TI - Sex counselling of the male adolescent. Part I. Pregnant. PMID- 3205289 TI - [Observations of psychiatric and other nursing needs in orthopedic patients]. PMID- 3205290 TI - [Problem solving: Nominal Group Technic]. PMID- 3205291 TI - How to promote breast feeding. PMID- 3205292 TI - Clinical grading review. PMID- 3205293 TI - How law is increasingly affecting the practice of nursing--a lawyer's perspective. PMID- 3205294 TI - The psychology of spontaneous abortion. PMID- 3205296 TI - Be sure your sins will find you out! PMID- 3205295 TI - Role conflict. PMID- 3205297 TI - Privatization not the answer to NIH problems. PMID- 3205298 TI - New clinical trial programme for AIDS in the United States. PMID- 3205299 TI - Natural History Museum to build DNA database in London. PMID- 3205300 TI - Polio in Israel. PMID- 3205301 TI - Use of animals. PMID- 3205302 TI - Blindsight and insight in visuo-spatial neglect. AB - In a variety of neurological syndromes, patients may show tacit awareness of stimuli that cannot be consciously recollected or identified. Such dissociations are the defining characteristic of 'blindsight'; comparable phenomena are seen in some patients with amnesia and some with prosopagnosia, a profound impairment of familiar face recognition. We report here an analogous dissociation between overt and covert perception in a case of visuo-spatial neglect. The patient, P.S., had sustained right cerebral damage and failed overtly to process information in the hemispace contralateral to lesion. In common with most patients who manifest left sided neglect, P.S. has a left homonymous hemianopia. Nonetheless, her neglect persists despite free movement of the head and eyes and is thus not a direct consequence of sensory loss in the left visual field. P.S. was presented simultaneously with two line drawings of a house, in one of which the left side was on fire. She judged that the drawings were identical; yet when asked to select which house she would prefer to live in, she reliably chose the house that was not burning. PMID- 3205303 TI - Genetic influence on general mental ability increases between infancy and middle childhood. AB - Adoption studies can provide direct evidence for the independent effects of family environment and heredity that are always confounded in intact nuclear families. When children are separated from their biological mothers shortly after birth and placed nonselectively in adoptive homes, adoptive-parent/adopted-child resemblance can be ascribed to cultural transmission, whereas biological parent/adopted-child similarities are due to heritable factors. Furthermore, a longitudinal adoption study facilitates examination of changes in these two main sources of variation during development. The Colorado Adoption Project is the first large-scale longitudinal adoption study of behavioural development and was initiated in 1975. Data were collected from biological parents of 245 adopted children, the adoptive parents and parents of 245 matched nonadopted children. The children have subsequently been tested at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years of age, and at the end of their first year in primary school (average age, 7.4 years). The number of subjects tested is now adequate for analysis of data over 7 years. The results provide conclusive evidence for increasing heritable variation of general mental ability, ranging from 9% at 1 year of age to 36% at 7 years. PMID- 3205304 TI - The role of sex steroids in the acquisition and production of birdsong. AB - Male birdsong is generally regarded as a secondary sexual characteristic under the control of gonadal steroids. Song typically waxes and wanes with the seasonal cycle of testicular growth and regression and decreases after adult castration. Testosterone therapy reinstates song, induces it in females, augments it in intact males, and spring testosterone profiles correlate with seasonal song production. Thus, testosterone has been viewed as a major factor in song acquisition and production acting either directly, or after aromatization within the brain. We show here, however, that song learning and early phases of the development of singing both take place in castrated male birds with no significant levels of testosterone in their blood plasma. Testosterone seems to be required for song crystallization, however. Oestradiol was unexpectedly still present after castration, evidently from a non-testicular source, throughout the period of male song acquisition. PMID- 3205305 TI - A community effect in animal development. AB - In animal development, the first tissues to be formed include such major components as muscle, nerve cord, notochord and the eye. In the vertebrates, all of these tissues are formed by embryonic induction, a process by which some of the cells within a mass of tissue are caused to change their direction of differentiation as a result of close proximity to cells of another kind. The induced cells typically form a solid coherent mass with a distinct border between them and the remaining uninduced cells. This clean separation between induced and uninduced cells is much sharper than can readily be explained as a result of the induction process. We describe here the culture of amphibian cell and tissue recombinations in solid gels containing cytochalasin in which cell division and cell movement is inhibited during response to induction. This has revealed an effect in which the ability of a cell to respond to induction by differentiating as muscle is enhanced by, or even dependent on, other neighbouring cells differentiating in the same way at the same time. This seems to be a newly described process in animal development, termed the community effect. It helps to explain the formation of blocks of tissue from sheets of cells, and could be of widespread occurrence and significance in morphogenesis resulting from embryonic induction. PMID- 3205306 TI - Chemotropic guidance of developing axons in the mammalian central nervous system. AB - In the developing nervous system, axons project considerable distances along stereotyped pathways to reach their targets. Axon guidance depends partly on the recognition of cell-surface and extracellular matrix cues derived from cells along the pathways. It has also been proposed that neuronal growth cones are guided by gradients of chemoattractant molecules emanating from their intermediate or final cellular targets. Although there is evidence that the axons of some peripheral neurons in vertebrates are guided by chemotropism and the directed growth of some central axons to their targets is consistent with such a mechanism, it remains to be determined whether chemotropism operates in the central nervous system. During development of the spinal cord, commissural axons are deflected towards a specialized set of midline neural epithelial cells, termed the floor plate, which could reflect guidance by substrate cues or by diffusible chemoattractant molecules. Here we provide evidence in support of chemotropic guidance by demonstrating that the rat floor-plate cells secrete a diffusible factor(s) that influences the pattern and orientation of commissural axon growth in vitro without affecting other embryonic spinal cord axons. These findings support the hypothesis that chemotropic mechanisms guide developing axons to their intermediate targets in the vertebrate CNS. PMID- 3205307 TI - Correlation of DNA adduct levels in human lung with cigarette smoking. AB - Lung cancer is the most common cancer in men in the United Kingdom and the second most common in women, accounting for between 25 and 40% of all cancer deaths. Cigarette smoking is widely accepted as the major cause of lung cancer and linear relationships have been established between the number of cigarettes smoked and lung cancer risk. Although approximately 50 carcinogenic chemicals have been identified in cigarette smoke, a causal link between specific compounds and lung cancer has yet to be made. Studies on cigarette smokers' urine, blood and placenta have provided indications of carcinogen exposure, and although the presence of covalently-bound adducts in human DNA provides evidence of exposure to carcinogens, there have been no reports of systematic studies on the levels of DNA adducts in human lung. We report here, using the 32P-post-labelling technique, that cigarette smokers have higher adduct levels than non-smokers, that there is a linear relationship between adduct levels and daily or lifetime cigarette consumption, and that people who have given up smoking for at least five years have adduct levels similar to those of non-smokers. PMID- 3205308 TI - The scientific process--its links, functions and problems. AB - The scientific process comprises production, quality control, dissemination, and consumption of knowledge. Its links are represented by author, editor and referees, publisher, and user. The basic units of the scientific process are research articles, the basic substrate learned journals. The formalized scientific process provides the foundation for orderly worldwide public communication among scientists and for establishing priority in scientific findings and ideas. The functions and problems of the author-editor, editor publisher and publisher-user connections are outlined and discussed, and suggestions are offered for reducing potentially detrimental effects of diverging link interests. PMID- 3205309 TI - [Molecular aspects of high altitude respiration of birds. Hemoglobins of the striped goose (Anser indicus), the Andean goose, (Chloephaga melanoptera) and vulture (Gyps rueppellii)]. AB - Respiration of birds at high altitude and the structural adaptation of avian hemoglobins are studied. Applying the method of the "minimal biological distance", hemoglobins of closely related species were sequenced and compared with each other. Physiological measurements and sequence data show that adaptation to hypoxic stress can be interpreted as exchange of one amino acid. The structural aspects of the genetical data are discussed on the basis of the atomic model of hemoglobin. High-altitude respiration is not a general characteristic of birds: the adaptation to high altitudes is the result of a specific mutation, thus distinguishing a species from its closest relatives in the lowland. PMID- 3205310 TI - [What do we know about the molecular mechanism of visual excitation?]. AB - The mechanism of transduction of the light stimulus into an electrical response signal is described for visual cells of vertebrates and invertebrates. Absorption of a photon by a rhodopsin molecule in the photosensory membrane of the visual cell leads to a delayed, relatively large single-photon-evoked response, the elementary excitatory response. The rhodopsin molecule starts an enzyme cascade via a G-protein. This leads to a considerably amplified decrease (vertebrates), or increase (invertebrates) of a large number of intracellular messenger molecules. Binding of these messenger molecules causes the opening of the sodium preferring ion channels in the plasma membrane. Our present knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved is described. PMID- 3205312 TI - Movement detectors provide sufficient information for local computation of 2-D velocity field. PMID- 3205311 TI - Miniaturization, genome size and the origin of functional constraints in the visual system of salamanders. AB - During their evolution, many species of lungless salamanders (fam. Plethodontidae) have experienced a great increase in genome size and consequently in the size of their cells, including sensory receptors and neurons. In addition, some have become extremely miniaturized. The consequences of these events and the morphological compensatory processes are studied in the visual system of juvenile and adult salamanders. PMID- 3205313 TI - Kinetics of epidermal cells in skin from human cadavers. PMID- 3205314 TI - The avian inner ear. Continuous production of hair cells in vestibular sensory organs, but not in the auditory papilla. PMID- 3205315 TI - [The role of disinfection in HIV infections: the classical agents suffice]. PMID- 3205316 TI - [Continuity and discontinuity of psychiatric problems in children]. PMID- 3205317 TI - [The effect of prevention of infectious diseases in travelers to (sub)tropical areas]. PMID- 3205318 TI - [Pacemaker implantation for complete atrioventricular block due to Lyme borreliosis]. PMID- 3205319 TI - [Cardiological disorders in patients with Lyme borreliosis]. PMID- 3205320 TI - [Psychiatric complications in the treatment of obesity using fenfluramine]. PMID- 3205321 TI - [Congenital malformations of the limbs caused by early amnion tear]. PMID- 3205322 TI - [Medical actions at the beginning of life; various legal observations]. PMID- 3205323 TI - [Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: psychiatric aspects]. PMID- 3205324 TI - [Decrease in human immunodeficiency virus antigen titer in the cerebrospinal fluid during treatment of AIDS patients with zidovudine]. PMID- 3205325 TI - [Addison crisis following taking of rifampicin in a patient with tuberculosis]. PMID- 3205326 TI - [Testing for HIV infection in cardiology]. PMID- 3205327 TI - [The limping child]. PMID- 3205329 TI - [The legal position of the voluntarily admitted psychiatric patient]. PMID- 3205328 TI - [Pregnancy and fertility in older women]. PMID- 3205330 TI - [Timely diagnosis of isolated nose fractures]. PMID- 3205331 TI - [Medical protocol concerning the outcome of cytologic screening study of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 3205332 TI - [A retrospective study of the cause, treatment and course of cerebral hemorrhages during oral anticoagulant treatment]. PMID- 3205333 TI - [Nodding spasm]. PMID- 3205334 TI - [Intestinal necrosis in a patient with fibromuscular dysplasia and digoxin poisoning]. PMID- 3205335 TI - [The legal status of voluntarily admitted psychiatric patients]. PMID- 3205336 TI - [Food allergy in children]. PMID- 3205337 TI - [Testing for HIV infection in cardiology]. PMID- 3205338 TI - [A patient with disseminated Mycobacterium avium-complex infection and an immune system disorder]. PMID- 3205339 TI - [A better vaccine against whooping cough?]. PMID- 3205340 TI - [Variation in operation pattern between academic and general hospitals]. PMID- 3205341 TI - [Ruptures of the musculus extensor pollicis longus tendon]. PMID- 3205342 TI - [Operations in academic and other general hospitals]. PMID- 3205343 TI - [Oncologic surgery; the role of the surgeon in the treatment of the patient with cancer]. PMID- 3205344 TI - [Cardiac risk in non-cardiac operations]. PMID- 3205345 TI - [Skin cancer in The Netherlands]. PMID- 3205346 TI - [Developmental course of the child and hyperactivity]. PMID- 3205347 TI - [The use of calcium blockers in patients with cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 3205348 TI - [The surgical treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; results in the first 70 patients in the Academic Hospital Maastricht]. PMID- 3205349 TI - [incidence of impaired kidney function in 2050 patients admitted to a general hospital; a prospective study]. PMID- 3205350 TI - [Traumatic duodenal rupture; a diagnostic problem]. PMID- 3205351 TI - [Osteogenesis imperfecta; treatment with internal rods for the prevention of fractures]. PMID- 3205353 TI - [Minor complaints in family practice; blemishes below the breast]. PMID- 3205352 TI - [Small intestine transplantation, a review]. PMID- 3205354 TI - [Glaphenine: toothache or a matter of choice?]. PMID- 3205355 TI - [Transbasal approach for anterior skull base tumors]. PMID- 3205356 TI - [Reversibility of cerebral cortical function after recirculation in experimental cerebral ischemia]. AB - Several kinds of monitoring systems to evaluate cerebral function have been introduced such as somatosensory evoked potential, visual evoked potential and auditory brain stem response. Although these monitoring systems are employed in practice in neurosurgical operations, the reversibility of these cerebral functions after ischemia insult is little known. In this study the reversibility of direct cortical response (DCR) as well as EEG from global ischemia was investigated using total 60 cats. Cortical cerebral blood flow was also measured continuously by the thermal diffusion flow probe with a peltier stack calibrated by hydrogen clearance. Global ischemia was made by the occlusion of innominate and left subclavian arteries. Although the EEG was abolished soon after occlusion of these arteries, DCR was preserved and it started to decay at the cortical CBF of about 21 ml/100 g/min. It had completely disappeared at the CBF of about 8 ml/100 g/min. Recovery of DCR was not correlated with the occlusion time, but it was well correlated with the interval of loss of DCR. When the DCR was not completely lost, DCR amplitude was completely recovered about 3 hours after ischemia insult with the CBF below 20 ml/100 g/min. Moreover, in all 8 cats which were recirculated within 5 minutes after loss of DCR, complete recovery of DCR amplitude was obtained. However, it was observed in 10 of 12 cats (83%) with 10 minutes loss of DCR, 5 of 12 cats (42%) with 15 minutes loss of DCR, 4 of 14 cats (29%) with 20 minutes loss of DCR, and only one of 11 cats (10%) with 30 minutes loss of DCR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205357 TI - [Continuous lumbar subarachnoid pressure monitoring as an indicator of shunt operation for so-called normal pressure hydrocephalus]. AB - Lumbar subarachnoid pressure (LSP) was continuously monitored via intrathecally introduced polyethylene catheter to select the patients for shunt operation. A total of seventy cases included so-called normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH; 34 cases), idiopathic NPH (17 cases), secondary NPH whose symptoms developed after operations for brain tumors, head injuries or meningitis (12 cases) and other intracranial diseases including pseudotumor cerebri or meningeal carcinomatosis, etc. (7 cases). Shunt operation was effective in 36 cases and not effective in 9 cases, while 25 cases were not shunted since LSP was not elevated or clinical manifestations were slight. Mean values of baseline pressure and maximum pressure in shunt effective group, shunt non-effective group and non-shunted group were 14.5, 12.7, 9.0 and 29.9, 25.0, 17.9 mmHg, respectively. Statistical difference was observed between shunt effective group and non-shunted group. Frequency of pressure waves was also significantly higher in shunt effective group than in non-shunted group. Above all, measurement of LSP was regarded as useful in idiopathic NPH. However, preoperative clinical symptoms had a closer relationship to shunt response than results of LSP in post SAH patients. Complication related to this monitoring was negligible except in one case of meningitis which was easily treated by administration of antibiotics. Follow-up study also justified our selection since no further deterioration was noted in non-shunted group. The present study indicates that measurement of LSP would be useful in selecting the patients who will benefit from shunting and in eliminating unnecessary shunt operations because this simple method is easily performed at bed side without perforating the skull.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205358 TI - [Thermographic findings of syringomyelia]. AB - Thermographic findings in 10 cases of syringomyelia were reported. 7 cases were associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation and 3 cases with spinal adhesive arachnoiditis. The cases included 3 men and 7 women, aged 7 to 56 years (mean age 27.7 years). Comparing the right side of the body with the left side, in 9 cases, thermography demonstrated asymmetric skin temperature of the trunk or extremities. MRI revealed laterality of the syrinx at the level of cervical or lumbo-sacral cord in 9 cases. The side with the lower temperature corresponded with the side of lateralized syrinx in 8 cases. Neurologically, 9 cases had laterality of sensory disturbance and 6 cases had asymmetric motor weakness. The side with the lower temperature also corresponded with the laterality of sensory disturbance in 8 cases, and the side of the motor weakness in 4 cases. Considering these findings, many of the patients with syringomyelia are thought to have asymmetric skin temperature. Intramedullary involvement of sympathetic pathway by the syrinx may cause such a change. As thermography is non-invasive and easy to carry out, it should be a useful method for estimating or even detecting cases of syringomyelia, especially when applied to out-patients. PMID- 3205359 TI - [Accessory nerve paralysis due to compression of the fenestrated vertebral artery]. AB - Neurological involvement due to fenestrated vertebral artery has not yet been reported, although fenestration formation by vertebral arteries is not rare. Reported here is one such rare case. In this case accessory nerve paralysis developed due to fenestrated vertebral artery. A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our department with tilting of the head to the right side as her chief complaint. This had gradually developed over a period of approximately one year. Neurological examination on admission showed the presence of marked atrophy of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle with hyperactive deep tendon reflexes in her four limbs. Metrizamide CT scan showed compression of the upper cervical cord at the left side, and an abnormal small high density area was found at the same site on contrast enhanced CT scan. Left vertebral angiogram showed fenestration formation of the left vertebral artery at C1 level. Surgical decompression for the left accessory nerve and high spinal cord was planned because of the occurrence of symptoms due to compression of the fenestrated vertebral artery. C1 and C2 laminectomy was performed and the dura was opened in prone position. The fenestrated vertebral artery of the intraspinal portion was confirmed to be compressing the spinal root of the accessory nerve and high cervical cord. Initially, trapping of the fenestrated vertebral artery was attempted in the hope of sufficiently relieving compression on the accessory nerve and high cervical cord. This attempt resulted in failure, since auditory evoked response became definitely abnormal within two minutes following interruption of this abnormal artery. Because of this, insertion of Ivaron sponges between the abnormal artery and the accessory nerve was all that could be done.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205360 TI - [A case of myelopathy caused by calcified nodules of cervical ligamentum flavum]. AB - A case is reported of a 71-year-old female with cervical myelopathy caused by calcified nodules in the cervical ligamentum flavum and improved by en bloc laminectomy. The calcified nodules were formed by the deposition of two crystals, hydroxyapatite (HAP) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD). Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and X-ray diffraction study disclosed that the larger nodule located on the right was composed mainly of HAP in the central part and CPPD in the circumference. On the other hand, the smaller nodule located on the left was composed mainly of CPPD crystal. These findings support the hypothesis that calcification of the ligamentum flavum and CPPD crystal deposition disease in the cervical region are the same entity and the both are merely different aspects of the same entity at different chronological stages. PMID- 3205362 TI - [A case of cerebral gumma]. AB - A case of cerebral gumma in the left trigonal region is reported. A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on Apr. 23, 1985 with unsteady gait and memory disturbance. Neurological examination revealed slight disorientation, memory disturbance, right homonymous hemianopsia and right hemiparesis. Serological reaction for syphilis was strongly positive, and so was CSF. The CSF showed slight pleocytosis (8/3 lymphocytes) and increased protein content (130 mg/dl). DSA showed no hypervascularity nor tumor stain. Ga brain scan showed no abnormality. The CT scan revealed an irregular low density area near the left trigone with abnormal contrast enhancement. Because of the radiological findings a malignant lymphoma was diagnosed and biopsy was performed, however, histological investigation confirmed the diagnosis of cerebral gumma. The patient was treated with penicillin and reduction of the tumor size was observed on CT scan. Cerebral gumma has been reported only rarely during the last few decades, and there are only a few descriptions of the neuroradiological characteristics of this disease. An accurate diagnosis can be made only by taking into consideration the clinical findings and course, the serological results, and the effect of the antisyphilitic treatment. When dealing with CT imaging similar to an intracranial malignant lymphoma, syphilitic disease of the brain should be regarded as possibly being present. PMID- 3205361 TI - [A case of cavernous angioma extended from the ventral part of the pons to the midbrain: subtemporal and trans-tentorial approach]. AB - The authors presented a surgically treated case of cavernous angioma extending from the ventral part of the pons to the midbrain. A 20-year old man was admitted to our service with left motor weakness, dysarthria and consciousness disturbance. CT scan revealed a round well-circumscribed high density lesion in the pons and midbrain. This was diagnosed preoperatively as a cryptic vascular malformation with hemorrhage. The right temporal craniotomy with keel form skin incision and subtemporal & trans-tentorial approach was performed in an attempt to remove the hematoma and the angioma. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed abnormal vessels as a cavernous angioma. The postoperative course was uneventful. PMID- 3205363 TI - [Cerebral ischemia (1)--Reversibility of ischemic lesion and CT findings]. AB - Two hundred and twenty-one patients with cerebral cerebral ischemic attack in the middle cerebral artery territory were investigated. Those patients manifested several clinical types, TIA: 31, stroke with full recovery: 50, minor completed stroke: 54 and major completed stroke: 86 cases. CT classification was made 3 weeks after the ischemic attack based on the characteristic arterial topography. We discussed in this paper what kind of ischemic lesion had greater possibility of recovery from ischemic lesion had greater possibility of recovery from ischemia focusing on the retrospective study of clinical symptoms, CT classification and angiographic findings. We also referred to the other factors influencing the reversibility of an ischemia such as lacunae and PVH (periventricular hypodensity). The extent of and LDA on CT scan closely correlated with clinical symptoms, CT classification and angiographic findings. We also referred to the other factors influencing the reversibility of an ischemia such as lacunae and PVH (periventricular hypodensity). The extent of an LDA on CT scan closely correlated with clinical types (Table 2). The reversibility of type I was excellent, however aged patients over 70 with PVH and ventricular dilatation developed permanent neurological impairment associated with dementia. The reversibility of a small infarction in the basal ganglia (type II) depended mainly on the involvement of the internal capsule. Infarction involving a cortex (type IV and type V) invariably resulted in permanent neurological deficits except for the rare cases with involvement of silent areas. CT classification of type III, so called demarcation zone infarction, developed various clinical types, and showed transient functional disturbance of the cortex without an infarction i the cortico-subcortical region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205364 TI - [Experimental study of the usefulness of evoked potentials in predicting the reversibility of the brainstem function following infratentorial epidural balloon compression]. AB - With few warnings signs, posterior fossa mass lesions can affect life-supporting brainstem systems directly and cause a precipitous failure of vital functions. Consequently, a technique, by which brainstem dysfunction could be detected at its reversible stage, would have clinical value. Recently manly reports have suggested that the evoked potentials might be advantageous in assessing a developing brainstem dysfunction and might be a more sensitive or reliable detector of deteriorating neurological function than the physical or neurological signs. To explore this possibility, we recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) serially during inflation and deflation of balloons placed in the suboccipital epidural space of cats, as a model of an acutely expanding posterior fossa lesion. The results were correlated simultaneously recorded cardiovascular and pupillary function and with supratentorial and infratentorial epidural pressure. In this study, N1 of cortical SEP (CSEP), wave IV of BAEP, and wave III of short latency SEP (SSEP) were found to be useful parameters in predicting the electrophysiological reversibility. Experimental results were as follows: 1) As the infratentorial epidural balloon was expanded, CSEP, wave IV of BAEP and wave III of SSEP showed remarkable changes both in latency and in amplitude. Decrease in blood pressure and pulse rate preceded or developed at the same time as the apparent change in CSEP. Futher expansion of the balloon resulted in Cushing phenomenon and lability of blood pressure.2) As long as wave IV of BAEP remained, and decompression was started within 15 minutes after N1 of CSEP were completely suppressed, changes in SEP. BAEP and cardiovascular function were all reversible.2+ decompression. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205365 TI - [Lateral coordinate of the thalamic Vim neurons in the cases with dilated third ventricle]. AB - Precise radiographical measurement of the third ventricle in the first and essential procedure in stereotaxic surgery in order to determine the target point. This is done while referring to an available standard brain atlas such as Schaltenbrand & Bailey. However there have been no criteria established for determining the deviation of the coordinates of the thalamic nuclei, especially in their lateral coordinates when the third ventricle is highly dilated. Therefore, in 109 cases encountered recently (81 parkinsonism, 11 essential tremor, 10 cerebral palsy, 3 thalamic pain, 1 Benedikt's syndrome, 1 torticollis, 1 oral dyskinesia, 1 striato-nigral degeneration), we studied the correlation between the width of the third ventricle and the lateral coordinate of the thalamic point where kinesthetic neurons or tremor-synchronously discharging neurons were detected. These neurons were especially related to the arm. According to the width of the third ventricle, we classified the cases into three types: 18 cases with large ventricles (more than 10 mm), 37 cases with medium sized ventricles (4-10 mm) and 16 cases with small ventricles (less than 4 mm). By plotting the lateral coordinate of the thalamic point where kinesthetic neuron of the upper extremity was recorded in reference to the radiogram of anteroposterior view, we found that the lateral coordinates of large ventricular cases generally tended to show more lateral displacement than cases where the ventricles were narrower. Their mean lateral coordinate was 16.9 mm from midline in contrast ot 14.0 mm in cases with small ventricular width. There was a linear correlation between the width of the third ventricle and the lateral coordinate of the kinesthetic neuron of the Vim nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205366 TI - [Clinical significance of serial monitoring of short-latency somatosensory evoked potential in head injury with special reference to intracranial hypertension]. AB - Short-latency somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) was serially monitored in head injured patients and its clinical significance was evaluated in relation to auditory brain stem response (ABR), prognosis and other parameters such as intracranial pressure (ICP). SEP, ABR, and ICP were monitored serially and automatically in 16 patients with acute head injury. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was equal to or less than 8 in 14 cases. High dose barbiturate therapy was performed in 7 cases and intracranial hematoma was removed operatively in 14 cases. SEP was recorded from C3'or C4'-Fz leads on the lesion side following stimulation of the contralateral median nerve, and the difference between the two potentials (N20, N13) defined as central conduction time (CCT) was followed at a basic time interval of 10-20 min. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to N20 finding and the prognosis of each group was analyzed. The final outcome (assessed 6 months after injury) was graded according to Glasgow Outcome Scale as follows: good (good recovery, moderate disability), poor (severe disability, persistent vegetative state), death (death). Three patients with no CCT change showed good recovery (table, 11). Out of 7 patients with no N20 on admission, 5 died due to severely increased ICP and the prognosis for the other 2 cases was poor. The last group consisted of 6 patients in whom CCT varied during hospitalization. In 3 out of these 6 cases N20 finally disappeared due to increased ICP and they died in the acute stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205367 TI - [Problems in the embolization therapy of spinal arteriovenous malformation]. AB - Six cases with spinal arteriovenous malformation refractory to repetitive embolization therapy were reported. In these, de novo feeding arteries appeared after the emboli obliterated the proximal portion of the blood feeding system. Though the malformation disappeared after the embolization therapy in the angiograms of the original feeding arteries, the lesion was visualized in the follow-up angiogram from different segmental arteries via various collaterals. Through angiographic evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging were necessary to point out the "false angiographic disappearance" of the spinal arteriovenous malformation after the embolization therapy. PMID- 3205368 TI - [A case of radiation induced aneurysm of extracranial carotid artery]. AB - An unusual case of post-irradiation aneurysm of extracranial internal carotid artery is presented. A 70-year-old man, complaining of left cervical throbbing mass with focal pain, was admitted on February 8, 1985. It was noted, from his past history, that he had had surgery of the removal of cervical lymph-nodes and that unknown dosage of irradiation had been added to the cervical region 30 years before. Left carotid angiography (on admission) demonstrated a giant aneurysm in the cervical portion of internal carotid artery. Right carotid angiography with compression of left carotid artery revealed good cross filling through anterior communicating artery. Computed tomography with contrast media showed a ring like enhanced mass, which was thought to showed a ring like enhanced mass, which was thought to suggest that a large part of the aneurysm was filled with intraluminal thrombosis. During 30 days of evaluation, the aneurysm grew larger and his cervical pain became untolerable. Operation, the resection of the aneurysm and the reconstruction (of circulation) with vein graft, was challenged n March 12. It was so difficult with meticulous work that the ligation of left common carotid artery was performed after all. Seven days after the operation, he suffered from the gastrointestinal bleeding, which was enough to lead him to hypovolemic shock. Thereafter, right hemiparesis and aphasia were brought about. Two months later, he die of pneumonia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205369 TI - [A rare case of cerebral aspergillus aneurysm at the site of temporary clip application]. AB - Anterior communicating artery aneurysm was shown in a 48-year-old man who had suffered from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by cerebral angiography. Right pterional approach was performed on the 40th day after SAH. Premature ruptured occurred during aneurysmal manipulation and temporary clip (Scoville clip) was placed at the middle of the right A1 segment for fifteen minutes. the anterior communicating artery aneurysm was successfully clipped and postoperative course was uneventful. But, four days after the operation, the patient fell into coma following generalized tonic convulsion. Lumbar puncture showed fresh SAH. Consciousness recovered gradually to a lethargic state. A newly formed berry aneurysm was revealed on the righ A1 segment at the site of the temporary clip application by cerebral angiography performed on the seventh day after aneurysmal surgery. Second attack occurred on the 12th postoperative day and the patient died on the 16th day after the operation. Postmortem findings disclosed massive subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage from the ruptured aneurysm at the right A1 segment. Microscopic examination of the aneurysm and the right A1 segment. microscopic examination of the aneurysm and the right A1 segment showed the extensive destruction of the artery and massive proliferation of aspergillus in the arterial wall which was prominent of its outer layer. The mechanism of the formation of the new aneurysm in this case was considered as follows: the arterial wall was primarily damaged by the temporary clip and was weakened rapidly by the invasion of aspergillus, probably producing thrombosis of the vast vasorum, hemorrhage, and necrosis in it. PMID- 3205370 TI - [Successful treatment of cerebral cysticercosis with praziquantel]. AB - A case of a 56-year-old Korean man with cerebral cysticercosis was reported. This case demonstrated the first successful treatment with praziquantel in Japan and also the usefulness of a low-dose regime in the treatment of cerebral cysticercosis. The patient was admitted to our hospital with a 7 years history of generalized seizure and a 6 months history of gait disturbance. He had 6 subcutaneous nodules. A CT scan of the brain showed multiple cysts containing a small calcification and the largest lesion measured 5 cm in diameter in the cerebellar vermis. Posterior fossa craniectomy was performed and the cyst was pathologically confirmed as cysticercosis. A month postoperatively the patient was given praziquantel 50 mg/kg body weight in 3 divided doses per day. But medication with praziquantel was stopped on the 5th day because of severe headache, nausea and vomiting. He was readmitted 6 months later with appearance of gait disturbance, left facial paresis and dysphagia. A CT scan revealed enlargement of some of the residual cysts. The patient was then given smaller doses of praziquantel 8 mg/kg body weight in 3 divided doses with steroid cover for 48 days. He experienced no side effect during the therapy and became free from the neurological symptoms. A CT scan showed complete disappearance and only numerous small calcifications of the cysts. PMID- 3205371 TI - [A case of chondroblastoma with intracranial extension]. AB - A case of chondroblastoma with intracranial extension from middle cranial base is reported here. Chondroblastomas usually arise from the epiphysis of long bone. Intracranial chondroblastomas are very rare and only 14 cases have been reported. Histological feature of this tumor is to have numerous multinucleated giant cells resembling the giant-cell tumor. But this case has the typical features of chondroblastoma in the histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopical studies. PMID- 3205372 TI - 28th International Neuropsychiatric Symposium. Pula, 30th May-4th June, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3205373 TI - Transient paroxysmal dystonia in infancy. AB - A group of nine patients with paroxysmal non epileptic motor disorders, with onset in the first year of life, is presented. The characteristics of the attacks define them as paroxysmal dystonia. The progression of the symptoms showed a spontaneous remission in a short length of time (6-22 months) in most infants. In two of them the symptoms persist, showing, however, a progressive decrease. All the laboratory tests were normal. None of the subjects revealed neurological signs and psychomotor development was normal. A likely correlation between transient early-childhood paroxysmal dystonia and developmental processes is discussed. PMID- 3205374 TI - Marshall-Smith syndrome: new aspects. AB - A 4-year-old girl with the Marshall-Smith syndrome (MSS) is described. A muscle biopsy was performed because of hypotonia and muscular weakness. Selective hypoplasia of type IIa and IIb fibers was found. Additional not previously reported findings in this girl were a partial growth hormone deficiency, a partial villous atrophy of the small bowel and a pronounced dicarboxylic aciduria. The significance of these findings in MSS is not clear and the results of similar investigations in other MSS patients have to be awaited. PMID- 3205375 TI - Lethal autosomal recessive arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with whistling face and calcifications of the nervous system. AB - Three children from a sibship of four had congenital contractures, scarce facial expressions, central nervous system dysfunction, and early death. Extensive deposits of calcium compounds were found at postmortem examination of the nervous system and of skeletal muscle. The disorder in these sibs is presumably inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The metabolic basis for the calcium deposition has yet to be discovered. PMID- 3205376 TI - Dancing eyes syndrome--brainstem acoustic evoked potential approach. AB - Three patients with dancing eyes syndrome of childhood are reported focussing on brainstem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEPs) recorded at different phases of the disease. In the first child in the acute phase BAEPs revealed pontine disturbance, which was less severe in a following milder attack. In the second child slight BAEP abnormalities were shown in the period of remission. In the case of the third child minimal pontine abnormalities were registered by BAEPs. These electrophysiological findings, in accordance with the clinical features, suggest tegmento-pontine or pontocerebellar localisation of pathology in the dancing eyes syndrome. PMID- 3205377 TI - Gliomatosis cerebri in a newborn. AB - A newborn is reported with diffuse gliomatosis involving the cerebral hemispheres, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The presenting signs were paucity of spontaneous movements except for multifocal clonic seizures, absent response to sensory stimuli and optic atrophy. A CT scan suggested agyria. The child expired on the seventh day. Autopsy disclosed diffuse gliomatosis affecting both cerebral hemispheres, the brainstem and the whole cerebellum, but excluding the spinal cord. Neuronal loss was unusually severe in all the affected areas. The genitals were ambiguous, an association not explained by the cerebral pathology. The karyotype was 46XY (male pseudohermaphroditism). This is probably the first reported instance of gliomatosis cerebri in a newborn. PMID- 3205378 TI - Neonatal seizures--recent aspects. AB - This study reports the neonatal aspects and prognosis of seizures observed in 71 neonates from 1.3. 1980 to 30.6 1981. Forty-five were full-term, 26 preterm babies. Twenty-one children had status epilepticus (SE), 50 isolated crises (IC). An etiology was found in 68 cases. Acute fetal distress (AFD) was observed in half of the cases. AFD and intracranial hemorrhages represented 62% of the etiologies in term babies, 42% in preterm. Fifteen children died in the neonatal period. The outcome of the 56 survivors was followed until at least two years of age. Forty-one children were neurologically normal; 15 were not: 9 had a cerebral palsy, 12 a mental retardation, 1 was deaf, 4 were epileptic. Sequelae occurred in 24.3% of term, 31.6% of preterm survivors (p less than or equal to 0.01). The outcome was normal in 8 out of 15 living children with SE (53%), in 32 out of 41 (78%) with IC (p less than or equal to 0.01). The prognosis of hypoxic-ischemic seizures was good if crises lasted less than two days. Treatment was discontinued as soon as possible, during the days following the end of the crises and the recovery from the initial disease, without adverse effects. Convulsions following obstetrical abnormalities were less frequent, and the prognosis was better in premature babies than in previous studies. PMID- 3205379 TI - Familial periodic ataxia responsive to flunarizine. AB - A ten-year-old boy is reported who presented with periodic ataxia. The diagnosis is based on family history and on the observation of an evoked paroxysm. The differential diagnosis is discussed and successful treatment with flunarizine is described. PMID- 3205380 TI - Arthrogryposis associated with connatal Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease: case report. AB - A newborn with multiple congenital contractures (MCC) or arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and a leukodystrophy is described. The clinical features and neurophysiological studies suggested a disorder primarily involving the central white matter. The diagnosis of connatal Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease was made post mortem. This disorder of myelin formation should be considered in infants presenting with arthrogryposis. PMID- 3205381 TI - Juvenile alternating hemiplegic migraine. PMID- 3205382 TI - Ethanol enhances the calcium-dependent stimulus-induced release of endogenous dopamine from slices of rat striatum and nucleus accumbens in vitro. AB - When slices of striatum from the rat were preincubated for 40 min in calcium-free medium in vitro, the subsequent release of endogenous dopamine (DA) induced by 40 mM KCl was completely calcium-dependent, showing a maximal response in the presence of 1.5 mM CaCl2, and a half-maximal response in the presence of 0.5 mM CaCl2. In this calcium-dependent preparation, ethanol, at concentrations of 80 120 mM, significantly increased the KCl-induced release of endogenous DA from the striatum by 19-29%. This effect was not reproducible in calcium-replete incubation medium (2.0 mM CaCl2), suggesting that the phenomenon was calcium dependent. Preliminary studies in the nucleus accumbens of the rat showed a similar increase (30%) in the calcium-dependent, KCl-induced release of endogenous DA in the presence of 100 mM ethanol. PMID- 3205384 TI - Inhibitory effect of l-ascorbic acid on the growth of astrocytes in cell culture. AB - The effect of l-ascorbic acid on the growth of astrocytic cells in culture was investigated. l-Ascorbic acid produced a concentration-dependent reduction of the growth of astrocytes, both in normal and tumor cells. The effect of l-ascorbic acid was similar to that of the relative acidification of the medium, except in treated concentrations greater than 10(-6) M. The effects produced by both l- and d-forms of ascorbic acid were the same. The inhibitory effect of l-ascorbic acid at greater concentrations was partially prevented by oxidized glutathione and increased by the large concentration of reduced glutathione. This result suggests that l-ascorbic acid possesses the ability to inhibit the growth of astrocytic cells in culture through the acidification of the medium at small concentrations and/or the antioxidative properties of this compound at larger concentrations. PMID- 3205383 TI - Injection of L-allylglycine into the posterior hypothalamus in rats causes decreases in local GABA which correlate with increases in heart rate. AB - Injection of the GABA antagonist, bicuculline methiodide into the posterior hypothalamus of rats has been shown to cause marked increases in heart rate and lesser elevations in blood pressure. Allylglycine is a potent inhibitor of the synthetic enzyme for GABA, glutamic acid decarboxylase, only after in vivo biotransformation into its active form, 2-keto-4-pentenoic acid, through a stereospecific amino acid oxidase. The posterior hypothalamus is thought to contain substantial activity only of L-amino acid oxidase. In this study, the stereoisomers of allylglycine were injected into the posterior hypothalamus at a site also shown to be reactive to bicuculline. Injection of L-allylglycine but not D-allylglycine caused substantial increases in heart rate but only slight increases in blood pressure. Injection of the GABA agonist muscimol prior to treatment with L-allylglycine prevented these cardiovascular changes. In another series of experiments, levels of GABA in the posterior hypothalamus and adjacent areas were measured 90 min after unilateral injection of L-allylglycine (12.5 or 25 micrograms), D-allylglycine (25 micrograms) or saline into the posterior hypothalamus. Only L-allylglycine caused increases in heart rate and blood pressure and decreases in levels of GABA. Quantitatively, the increases in heart rate at sacrifice were strongly correlated with the decreases in levels of GABA in the injected posterior hypothalamus (r = -0.94; P less than 0.002) but not in other regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205385 TI - Increased central noradrenergic activity during benzodiazepine withdrawal: an electrophysiological study. AB - Spontaneous discharge rates of cerebellar Purkinje neurons were decreased in rats withdrawn from chronic treatment with alprazolam, diazepam, and lorazepam relative to discharge rates recorded from control rats. Prior treatment with 6 hydroxydopamine to deplete cerebellar levels of norepinephrine significantly reduced this effect of diazepam upon Purkinje cell firing rates. The data suggest that increased noradrenergic activity may be occurring during withdrawal from benzodiazepines. PMID- 3205386 TI - Dual effect of N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-4-pyrolidino)-2-butyl)acetamide on release of (3H)-acetylcholine from the rat hippocampal slices. AB - The effect of muscarinic cholinergic drugs on (3H)-acetylcholine [3H)-Ach) release from slices of rat hippocampus was investigated either in the presence of eserine or hemicholinium-3 (HC-3), 10 microM each. BM-5 (N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-4 pyrolidino-2-butyl)acetamide) is a partial muscarinic cholinergic agonist. Like oxotremorine, BM-5 significantly (p less than 0.012) decreased the release of (3H)-Ach in the presence of HC-3. In the presence of eserine, (3H)-Ach release was significantly (p less than 0.001) enhanced both by atropine and BM-5. The decrease or increase in release of (3H)-Ach by BM-5, in the presence of HC-3 or eserine, respectively, may be due to its partial agonist effect on hippocampal muscarinic cholinergic receptors. PMID- 3205387 TI - Dose-catalepsy response to haloperidol in rat: effects of strain and sex. AB - Haloperidol induced catalepsy with a continuous dose-response between 0 or 0.03 and 10 mg/kg, IP in Brown Norway (BN), Fischer (FR). Long-Evans (LE), and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, with similar ED50 values for males (0.23-0.42 mg/kg), and generally greater but more varied drug sensitivity in females (ED50 = 0.13-0.45 mg/kg). Inconsistent findings regarding a biphasic dose-effect relationship in SD male and LE female rats led to testing both sexes and strains up to 200 mg/kg. Females showed a greater tendency than males of both strains to yield lower catalepsy scores at doses greater than 10 mg/kg, but in association with gross neurological toxicity. This paradigm evidently is not an adequate model for a proposed biphasic relationship between doses of high potency neuroleptic agents and acute dystonia in man. PMID- 3205388 TI - [Carotid surgery. Current indications in the treatment of aged patients]. PMID- 3205389 TI - [Roux loop conversion of Billroth II gastric resection complicated by alkaline reflux gastritis]. PMID- 3205390 TI - [Peritoneo-jugular shunt in the treatment of refractory ascites (LeVeen shunt). Clinical case series and personal experience]. PMID- 3205391 TI - [Current fiberoptic bronchoscopic diagnosis of carcinoma of the lung]. PMID- 3205392 TI - [Postoperative morbidity and mortality in geriatric patients after emergency surgery for abdominal pathology]. PMID- 3205394 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the jejunum. A clinical contribution]. PMID- 3205393 TI - [Multifactorial analysis of prognostic factors in breast carcinoma]. PMID- 3205395 TI - [Clinical features of a case of cysts of the hepatogastric ligament]. PMID- 3205397 TI - [Malignant melanoma of the skin. Considerations on a case series]. PMID- 3205396 TI - [Surgical treatment of liver injuries. Considerations on a series of 32 cases]. PMID- 3205398 TI - [Variations of prolactin under suckling stimulation]. PMID- 3205399 TI - [Papillomavirus infection of the epithelium of the vaginal vault. A prospective study of morphological aspects]. PMID- 3205400 TI - [Crohn's disease with acute presentation in pregnancy]. PMID- 3205401 TI - Asymmetric distribution of cells in the inner nuclear and cone mosaic layers of the goldfish retina. AB - Cell counts in hematoxylin-stained, flat-mounted retinae revealed that the inner nuclear (INL) and cone mosaic layers (CML) of the goldfish retina contained a high density of cells along the temporal boundary between dorsal and ventral retina. Our findings indicate that the goldfish contains a region situated in the temporal retina in which the density of a wide variety of cell types, that span several retinal layers, is elevated. This study indicates that the dorsotemporal retina, which is the first retinal region to develop, contains the highest density of cells. PMID- 3205402 TI - Dopamine cells and rod bipolar cells contain protein kinase C-like immunoreactivity in some vertebrate retinas. AB - The localization of cells immunoreactive to a monoclonal antibody against protein kinase C (PKC) and to polyclonal antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was investigated in the retina of fish (carp, goldfish, dace and catfish), frog, turtle, chick and some mammalians (guinea pig, rat, cat and rabbit) by means of fluorescence microscopy. PKC-like immunoreactivity was found in dopamine (DA) or TH-like immunoreactive (IR) cells in all the species examined and also in rod bipolar cells in the fish (except for catfish), and in presumed rod bipolar cells in the other animals (except for frog and turtle). In the catfish, frog and turtle retinas, no PKC-like IR bipolar cells were found. In the rat retina, some other amacrine cells in addition to TH-like IR amacrine cells were reactive to the anti-PKC antibody. It is of interest that PKC-like immunoreactivity is commonly found in DA cells and probably in rod bipolar cells in most animal species, although the functional significance is unknown at present. PMID- 3205403 TI - Colocalization of [3H]muscimol uptake and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in amacrine cells of the cat retina. AB - High affinity uptake of [3H]muscimol, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue, followed by autoradiography, labelled practically all amacrine cells which expressed GABA-like immunoreactivity. Hence it is a good marker for putative GABAergic amacrine cells. All amacrine cells, which were stained with antibodies against choline acetyltransferase, a marker for cholinergic neurones, also accumulated [3H]muscimol. This makes it likely that cholinergic amacrine cells of the cat retina are a subpopulation of putative GABAergic amacrine cells. PMID- 3205404 TI - Detection of vasopressin messenger RNA in cells within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis by in situ hybridization histochemistry. AB - In situ hybridization histochemistry and quantitative autoradiography were used to confirm the presence of cells within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) which express the vasopressin (VP) gene and to assess the biosynthetic capacity of these cells throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus. Brain sections from adult male Wistar rats were hybridized with a 35S-labeled 48-base oligonucleotide probe. Clusters of grains were present over cells in the BNST. Cells were parvocellular in appearance and signal over cells was determined to be specific since it was abolished by RNase pretreatment or incubation with 100-fold excess unlabeled probe. The distribution of VP-mRNA containing cells in the BNST corresponds closely to that previously reported by immunocytochemistry. No clear cut rostral to caudal gradient was found for gene expression as measured by grains/cell. In situ hybridization techniques can provide a powerful tool to study the regulation of central VP pathways in the BNST. PMID- 3205405 TI - Excitatory and inhibitory effects on human spinal motoneurones from magnetic brain stimulation. AB - Stimulation of baboon motor cortex causes in the motoneurones (MNs) of intrinsic hand muscles monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and a disynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). These phenomena have been investigated in human MNs by applying pulsed magnetic stimuli over the scalp at random times during the tonic discharge of single hand muscle motor units (MUs). Post-stimulus time histograms (PSTHs) demonstrated an increased firing probability at between 25 and 35 ms. This major firing peak showed a multimodal form with interpeak intervals of 1.4-1.8 ms. When MUs were not fired by the stimulus, they were nevertheless inhibited from firing spontaneously. There are thus short latency excitatory and inhibitory cortical inputs to human MNs. PMID- 3205406 TI - Effect of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis cold block on the cerebrovascular-evoked responses of rostral trigeminal complex neurons. AB - The technique of reversible cold block was used to explore the possibility that the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) influences the responses of rostral trigeminal brainstem nuclear complex (TBNC) neurons to stimulation of the cerebrovasculature. Reversible cold block of Vc was found to abolish totally the responses of many rostral TBNC neurons to stimulation of the cerebrovasculature. The remaining neurons were not affected by the cold block. These data suggest that some rostral TBNC neurons may receive an indirect input from the cerebrovasculature via Vc while other rostral TBNC neurons receive a direct input from the cerebrovasculature. PMID- 3205407 TI - A GABA-mediated inhibition of neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the cat that respond to electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve. AB - Extracellular recordings were made from 39 single neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius which were activated following electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve in chloralose anaesthetised cats. Iontophoretic application of GABA abolished or markedly reduced the evoked activity of all neurones. The inhibitory effect of GABA could be antagonised by the simultaneous iontophoretic application of bicuculline. The iontophoretic application of bicuculline alone resulted in a significant increase in the evoked activity of eleven out of seventeen neurones. These results support the notion that a GABAergic inhibitory system, with the potential to modulate sinus nerve reflexes, acts within the nucleus tractus solitarius. PMID- 3205408 TI - Pineal gland N-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): seasonal variation linked to photoperiod. AB - The activities of rainbow trout pineal gland N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) were determined at various times during a 24 h period in mid-winter and mid-summer. The results indicate a small diurnal fluctuation in HIOMT and a marked diurnal fluctuation in NAT activity with peak enzyme activities occurring during the dark phase. NAT can be assumed to be the rate limiting enzyme for the production of melatonin and, as NAT activity increases were associated with the dark phase, it can also be assumed that melatonin production would be greater in winter than in summer. PMID- 3205409 TI - Intradentate colchicine impairs acquisition of a two-way active avoidance response in a Y-maze. AB - Male, Fischer-344 rats received bilateral injections of colchicine (2.0 micrograms/site) into the dorsal and ventral hippocampus to destroy dentate gyrus granule cells. Colchicine impaired the ability of rats to learn a brightness discrimination, active avoidance task in a Y-maze. Acquisition was measured in 120-trial sessions given once weekly for 3 or 4 weeks. In a second experiment, colchicine-treated rats were tested in a modified procedure in which only the tone warning stimulus and a light directional cue were presented; shock was not presented. Colchicine-treated rats showed an enhanced response bias under these conditions, selecting to go to the unlighted arm with a greater frequency than the control rats whenever the tone and light were activated. These data are consistent with other reports indicating that rats with hippocampal lesions are impaired in the acquisition of a simultaneous discrimination if a response bias exists to one of the choices. PMID- 3205410 TI - Sexual reflexes in male and female rats. AB - A novel preparation for the study of male and female sexual function in anesthetized, acutely spinalized rats is reported. In both sexes, the coitus reflex (the neuromuscular concomitants of sexual climax) could be elicited by mechanical stimulation of the distal urethra. It is concluded that the spinal sexual circuitry is essentially similar in both sexes and that the coitus reflex is generated by a hormone-insensitive spinal pattern generator and is triggered by a simple peripheral stimulus. PMID- 3205411 TI - The selling of research. PMID- 3205413 TI - Curriculum revolution: the practice mandate. PMID- 3205412 TI - Human caring as a moral context for nursing education. PMID- 3205414 TI - Finding the key to successful enrollment management. PMID- 3205415 TI - Philosophy statements: challenging beliefs and values. PMID- 3205416 TI - The two worlds of nursing. PMID- 3205417 TI - The health of our state. PMID- 3205418 TI - Environmental and occupational health. PMID- 3205419 TI - Environmental health in New Jersey. PMID- 3205420 TI - Radon in New Jersey. PMID- 3205421 TI - Indoor air pollution. PMID- 3205422 TI - Chemical and dust-related diseases. PMID- 3205423 TI - Clusters of environmental disease. PMID- 3205424 TI - Death rates in New Jersey. PMID- 3205425 TI - Risk communication. PMID- 3205426 TI - Information sources and resources. PMID- 3205427 TI - Brain alterations induced by vitamin E deficiency and intoxication with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. AB - Rats fed a vitamin E-deficient diet from age 3-10 weeks were either maintained on a vitamin E-deficient diet or fed a vitamin E-enriched diet for 8 subsequent weeks. The content of vitamin E, endoperoxide-derived malonaldehyde, lipofluorescent material and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the activities of catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were then measured in cerebral tissues, with or without intoxication with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP). For this purpose, one half of the animals in each vitamin E group received an ip injection of 5 mg MEKP per kg of body weight, which was followed 44 hours later, i.e., 4 hours before sample collection, by a second ip injection of 15 mg MEKP per kg of body weight. Despite the fact that the vitamin E concentration was 12-times lower in the brain of vitamin E-deficient rats, no significant change in other cerebral parameters was found between the two groups of animals. In contrast, the activity of selenium-glutathione peroxidase was markedly decreased in the liver of 10-week old vitamin E-deficient rats. Unexpectedly, acute systemic intoxication with MEKP caused only a small, albeit significant, decrease in glutathione reductase activity in the brain of vitamin E sufficient rats, while no significant change in other cerebral parameters was observed in either group of animals. These results suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) is still substantially protected when its vitamin E content has been decreased to 3 micrograms/g fresh weight, and that systemic intoxication with MEKP may not cause lipid peroxidation in the CNS. PMID- 3205428 TI - Atropine and DFP-induced delayed neurotoxicity. AB - Atropine is often given as an antidote for acute cholinergic effects in studies of a delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) caused by some organophosphorus esters. These experiments examined if atropine would also affect the onset and/or severity of signs of OPIDN. Chickens were given one to six 200 micrograms/kg doses of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) with or without 20 mg/kg atropine (IM). Locomotion, brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity, and histology of the nervous system were examined. The results demonstrated that atropine treatments delayed onset of the signs of OPIDN and may have slightly increased brain NTE activity in vivo. Relatively high levels (Ki: approximately 3.0 mM) of atropine inhibited NTE activity in vitro. PMID- 3205429 TI - Effect of chronic hydrogen peroxide exposure on neuronal electric membrane properties. AB - In view of the well known cytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide, it was decided to investigate the neurotoxic effects of this oxygen metabolite on the electric membrane properties of neurons. Neural cell cultures of adult mouse dorsal root ganglia were chronically exposed to H2O2 and electrical properties of the neurons determined using intracellular recordings. Chronic H2O2 exposure caused a variety of alterations in EMP including increased overshoot, afterhyperpolarization and duration of the action potential. The prolongation of the action potential was due to a shift to a more biphasic type of repolarization and to a decreased rate of fall of the initial phase of repolarization. The observed pattern of EMP alterations in conjunction with previous investigation of ionic dependence in these neurons suggested that hydrogen peroxide may exert its toxic effect, at least in part, by increasing the calcium dependence of the action potential ionic mechanism. PMID- 3205430 TI - Trace element imbalances in hair and nails of Alzheimer's disease patients. AB - The concentrations of 17 elements in the hair and nails of 180 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control subjects have been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Comparisons of trace element levels of properly matched AD and control groups revealed significant imbalances in the concentrations of six elements (Br, Ca, Co, Hg, K, and Zn) between disease and control groups. It is noteworthy that each of these has previously been shown by our group, or others, to be altered in some AD brain region(s). Geometric means for each element in both hair and nails of AD and control subjects are presented, and significant differences noted. The significance of these alterations with regard to the possible role of trace elements in the etiology of AD is discussed. PMID- 3205432 TI - Histopathological assessment of triphenyl phosphite neurotoxicity in the hen. AB - The signs of neurotoxicity observed in the cat and the rat following single or multiple doses of the phosphorous acid ester triphenyl phosphite (TPP) have been reported to differ from the syndrome known as organophosphorous compound induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) caused by some phosphoric acid esters. Since the hen is the test animal traditionally used to test compounds for OPIDN, we chose to study the neurotoxicity of single, subcutaneous doses of TPP using the hen. TPP (1000 mg/kg) produced progressive ataxia and paralysis which developed 5-10 days after dosing. The clinical signs were accompanied by axonal damage in the lateral columns of the spinal cord and peripheral nerve. Similar signs were observed following neurotoxic doses of the OPIDN-causing agents tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) or diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP). In addition, TPP caused damage to axons in the brain and gray matter of the spinal cord, and chromatolysis and neuronal necrosis were frequently observed in the spinal cord. These latter areas were not affected by TOCP or DFP. The minimum neurotoxic dose of TPP was found to be 500 mg/kg. Prior administration of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) reduced the incidence of damage to the peripheral nerve of animals dosed with TPP, but did not prevent toxic effects on the cell bodies in the spinal cord or the clinical effects. The results of this study indicate that TPP causes neuronal damage in addition to the axonal damage observed with OPIDN. Therefore, we conclude that two distinct mechanisms underlie the neurotoxicity of TPP. PMID- 3205431 TI - Disrupted retention of the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response in rabbits with aluminum-induced neurofibrillary degeneration. AB - Rabbits underwent classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response (NMR) to a tone conditioned stimulus and an air puff unconditioned stimulus until they emitted 90 percent or greater conditioned responses (CRs) for two consecutive days. They then received intraventricular injection of aluminum chloride, hydrochloric acid or saline. Ten days post injection they were tested for retention of the conditioned response. Animals injected with saline or hydrochloric acid emitted an average of greater than 90 percent CRs. Aluminum injected rabbits, in contrast, emitted an average of only about 40 percent CRs. This disruption of retention of conditioning in aluminum treated rabbits could not be attributed to deficits in sensory or motor processes or to illness. Neuropathological analysis revealed widespread neurofibrillary tangle formation in the aluminum treated animals. Furthermore, the degree of neurofibrillary degeneration was significantly negatively correlated with retention of the CR. The results are considered in the context of using the rabbit NMR preparation as a model system for studying age-related conditioning disorders. PMID- 3205434 TI - Brain damage due to paraquat poisoning: a fatal case with neuropathological examination of the brain. AB - A 20-year-old man committed suicide by drinking 50-100 ml of a 20% solution of Paraquat (Gramoxone). He died 24 days later from progressive pulmonary fibrosis (Paraquat lung) despite intensive therapy to combat the toxicity of the poison to lung, kidney, and liver. At necropsy, brain damage was found in the form of moderate neuronal depletion, probably secondary to anoxia, and damage to the central white matter and particularly the brain around the lateral and third ventricles. Examination of the brain by electron microscopy showed oedema and destruction of myelin with abundant myelin breakdown products, and astrocytic fibrous gliosis. PMID- 3205433 TI - Lead acutely reduces glucose utilization in the rat brain especially in higher auditory centers. AB - The 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was used to assess the effects of acute lead exposure on regional brain glucose metabolism in the rat. Eight male Long-Evans hooded rats weighing between 317 and 364 g were cannulated for access to the femoral artery and vein, then given an iv bolus of lead acetate (27 mg Pb/kg as 50 mg PbAc/kg) or saline and observed for the six hours prior to the start of the 2-deoxyglucose experiment. Under controlled conditions of light and sound, the rats were injected with 14C-2-deoxyglucose, then sacrificed after 45 min. The brains were frozen in isopentane cooled to -40 degrees C and 20 micron sections were made. Every third slice was dried on glass slides and apposed to Kodak SB5 X-ray film for five days. Local cerebral metabolic rates (1CMRglu) were measured by densitometry with a computerized image analyzer. Four other rats were similarly given lead (but not 2-deoxyglucose), and blood samples taken at -1, 15 30, 60, 120, and 360 min had corresponding lead levels of 1.8 +/- 1.4, 156 +/- 14.6, 182 +/- 20.4, 155 +/- 17.4, 134 +/- 12.5 and 36 +/- 2.3 ppm. Whole brain lead was 0.45 +/- 0.22 and 1.20 +/- 0.15 ppm in the control and lead-treated groups, respectively (p less than 0.025). Significant reductions in 1CMRglu occurred in the following structures: medial geniculate bodies (15.6 +/- 2.5%), inferior colliculus (13.8 +/- 4.6%), and sensory cortex (9.8 +/- 1.8%). Among those structures showing the greatest percent reductions were several auditory centers, including lateral lemniscus (13.0 +/- 4.6%), auditory cortex (10.4 +/- 4.1%), and superior olivary complex (8.0 +/- 7.0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205435 TI - Economic, management, and business content in the nursing curriculum. PMID- 3205436 TI - Needed: a new curriculum development design. PMID- 3205437 TI - Inquiry learning: a new strategy to solve an old problem. PMID- 3205438 TI - A multidimensional teaching-learning strategy for the nursing process. PMID- 3205440 TI - To be or not to be: honors programs in baccalaureate nursing education. PMID- 3205439 TI - Synthesis of role diversity in graduate education. PMID- 3205441 TI - Are we preparing baccalaureate students for practice? PMID- 3205442 TI - Meta-analysis: a third alternative for student research experience. PMID- 3205443 TI - What's my type? Teaching interviewing skills. PMID- 3205444 TI - The cookie experiment. PMID- 3205445 TI - Will you be sued? PMID- 3205446 TI - Advanced placement: evaluation of a state mandate. PMID- 3205447 TI - A unique mind-body approach to stress management. PMID- 3205449 TI - Analyzing cost: a learning module. PMID- 3205448 TI - This must be a priority. PMID- 3205450 TI - Karen's special gift. PMID- 3205451 TI - Myths & facts about increased intracranial pressure. PMID- 3205453 TI - Action stat! Hyphema. PMID- 3205452 TI - Graduation gift. PMID- 3205454 TI - Evaluating Alzheimer's patients: the importance of being thorough (continuing education credit). PMID- 3205455 TI - Portrait of an Alzheimer's patient: from masterful quilts to "mud pies" and toys. PMID- 3205457 TI - Coding abuses hurt nurses, too. PMID- 3205456 TI - Helping your cancer patient cope with alopecia. PMID- 3205458 TI - Giving mouth-to-mouth ventilations? This pocket mask could protect you from H.I.V. infection. PMID- 3205460 TI - Six attitudes to take with patients and how to know when to use each one. PMID- 3205459 TI - Seeing your patient as a mosaic. PMID- 3205461 TI - Setting up an effective E.D. triage system. PMID- 3205463 TI - Another kind of patient education. PMID- 3205462 TI - More new drugs: update 88. PMID- 3205464 TI - "How can you do that?". PMID- 3205465 TI - Test your knowledge of neurologic emergencies. PMID- 3205467 TI - [Testimony: Northernness]. PMID- 3205468 TI - [Burnout--the soul mourning for its ideals]. PMID- 3205469 TI - [Sexuality of stoma patients--a taboo for whom?]. PMID- 3205470 TI - Drugs: what do they have to do with us? PMID- 3205471 TI - [Demystifying the operating room]. PMID- 3205472 TI - [To appreciate nursing care]. PMID- 3205474 TI - [Is your publicity conforming to the rules?]. PMID- 3205473 TI - [Care and services ... at home!]. PMID- 3205475 TI - Scholarly dialogue: the fire of refinement. PMID- 3205476 TI - Nursing: what's in a name? PMID- 3205477 TI - Building the research enterprise. PMID- 3205478 TI - King's theory in practice. PMID- 3205479 TI - Research blenders: commentary and response. Transitions to new methodologies in nursing sciences. PMID- 3205480 TI - Leininger's theory of nursing: cultural care diversity and universality. PMID- 3205481 TI - Congruence between teaching and learning self-care: a pilot study. PMID- 3205482 TI - The concept of perception in selected nursing theories. PMID- 3205483 TI - New dimensions of human caring theory. PMID- 3205484 TI - Contraceptive practice in New Zealand. AB - A survey of contraceptive practice in New Zealand was carried out using a population-based sample of women, aged 25 to 54, selected as control subjects in a national case-control study. The results showed that sterilisation has become the most common means of family limitation. Overall, 45% of women aged 25 to 54 were in a union where one or the other partner had been sterilised. Vasectomy was the most common method of contraceptive sterilisation. The frequency of hysterectomy contributed to the high rates of sterilisation; 12% of women had had a hysterectomy. Over 80% of New Zealand women had used an oral contraceptive at some time, but only 11% were using the pill at the time of the survey. Comparison with earlier studies of contraceptive use in New Zealand show there has been a marked increase in the prevalence of contraceptive sterilisation, and a marked decrease in the use of oral contraceptives. PMID- 3205485 TI - Recent trends in the availability, distribution, utilisation and cost of general practitioner services. AB - GMS data for the 1983-4 and 1986-7 years were analysed to determine the availability, distribution and utilisation of general practitioners in New Zealand. In 1986-7 there were 1724 full time equivalents (FTE) general practitioners, one per 1923 population, an annual increase in availability of 2.8% over the three years studied. The rate of availability appears to be increasing rapidly and, from Medical Council data, was around 6% for the 1986-7 year. Wide variation exists in availability, the highest being in central Auckland with one general practitioner per 1351 population, the lowest being in Invercargill with one per 2500. Utilisation increased by just over 1% annually to 3.9 services per person. The median workload in 1986-7 was 7184 services per general practitioner equivalent to a GMS income of $31,454. Each general practitioner was associated with government expenditure of about $359,000 but received only about $33,670 of this, less than one seventh of that paid by government for pharmaceuticals. Radical changes are proposed to redress inefficiencies, inequities and the perverse incentives which continue to increase in this almost totally unmanaged but fundamentally important area of health care. PMID- 3205486 TI - Does the computerisation of a general practice increase doctor's fees? AB - While few Auckland general practitioners had inpractice computers before 1981-2, many installed computers after 1981-2. In order to assess some of the determinants of the computerisation of practices and the outcomes of computerisation, data was collected on a random sample of Auckland urban area general practitioners for the financial years 1981-2 and 1984-5. The characteristics of those installing computers and the effect of computerisation on practice costs, fees and workloads was explored. No significant difference in fees was seen between computerised and noncomputerised general practitioners, but differences were observed in practice costs and practice workstyles. The cost of the purchase of a computer by a practice does not appear to be directly passed on to the consumer in higher patient fees. PMID- 3205487 TI - Drug reactions. Medicines Adverse Reactions Committee: report for the two years ending March 1987. PMID- 3205488 TI - As Mr Caygill wishes! PMID- 3205489 TI - Misplacement and misconceptions about New Zealand's elderly population. PMID- 3205490 TI - Coronary heart disease death certificate diagnoses. PMID- 3205491 TI - Disciplinary matters. PMID- 3205492 TI - Area health boards and general practitioners. PMID- 3205493 TI - Tests for HIV antibodies. PMID- 3205494 TI - Garments involved in children's burn injuries. PMID- 3205495 TI - Selenium and the north south gradient in cot death. PMID- 3205496 TI - Misleading publicity for a fluoridation trial. PMID- 3205497 TI - Control of hypertension. PMID- 3205498 TI - Rett syndrome genetic study. PMID- 3205500 TI - Small for dates infants. PMID- 3205499 TI - Health care in the South Pacific islands. PMID- 3205501 TI - Asthma in New Zealand: some answers, more questions. PMID- 3205502 TI - Sickness absence and smoking. PMID- 3205503 TI - The ME syndrome. PMID- 3205504 TI - AIDS education in general practice. PMID- 3205505 TI - Personal grievance? PMID- 3205506 TI - New Zealand Health Service: in need of a lifeline. PMID- 3205507 TI - The "Hawke" report--NZNA responds. PMID- 3205508 TI - October's package: trick or treat? PMID- 3205509 TI - Melanoma: a burning issue. PMID- 3205510 TI - Earthquake: the day Whakatane Hospital moved. PMID- 3205511 TI - Helping themselves. PMID- 3205512 TI - Nursing interventions: independent or not? PMID- 3205514 TI - Hopes, dreams, and visions. PMID- 3205515 TI - Can't believe what I'm hearing. PMID- 3205513 TI - Retaliatory discharge. PMID- 3205517 TI - Really hit the mark. PMID- 3205516 TI - Discrimination by weight? PMID- 3205518 TI - Nurses' evaluation of recruitment and retention. PMID- 3205519 TI - Ensuring clinical competence. PMID- 3205520 TI - Self-image and job satisfaction in varied settings. PMID- 3205521 TI - Commitment of part-time nursing personnel: a challenge. PMID- 3205522 TI - Nursing management positions--for non-nurses? PMID- 3205523 TI - Documentation: managing the dilemma. PMID- 3205524 TI - Quality assurance in ambulatory surgery: "how to do it". PMID- 3205525 TI - Comparable worth and nursing. PMID- 3205526 TI - Fatal availability. PMID- 3205527 TI - Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3205528 TI - Adolescent smokeless tobacco use. PMID- 3205529 TI - Organized dentistry--striving in behalf of all practitioners. PMID- 3205530 TI - Legible records necessary. PMID- 3205532 TI - An OH guide to the semiconductor industry. PMID- 3205531 TI - On use of composites. PMID- 3205533 TI - The truth about VDUs? PMID- 3205534 TI - High-tech stress: identification and prevention. PMID- 3205535 TI - Occupational health and the nursing process. PMID- 3205536 TI - [Eyelid and conjunctival diseases as the causes of temporary work incapacity]. PMID- 3205537 TI - [Etiologic diagnosis and combined therapy of inflammatory diseases of the sclera]. PMID- 3205538 TI - [Effectiveness of antilymphocyte gamma globulin in the therapy of patients with vernal catarrh]. PMID- 3205539 TI - [Suppurative conjunctivitis in newborn infants]. PMID- 3205540 TI - [Prevention and treatment of conjunctivitis in anophthalmos]. PMID- 3205541 TI - [Diseases of the eyelids and anterior eye segment in connection with mite infestation (demodicosis)]. PMID- 3205542 TI - [A new method of treating mite-borne blepharoconjunctivitis]. PMID- 3205543 TI - [Indications for the conservative treatment of chalazion in children]. PMID- 3205544 TI - [Diagnosis of pulsating exophthalmos (carotid-cavernous anastomosis)]. PMID- 3205545 TI - [Adrenergic innervation mechanisms of the microvessels in the human ciliary body]. PMID- 3205546 TI - [Variants of the phacoemulsification technic in various clinical forms of pediatric cataracts and their effectiveness]. PMID- 3205547 TI - [Effectiveness of the treatment of patients with bacterial keratitis using an arenarin ointment]. PMID- 3205548 TI - [Quantitative analysis of age-related characteristics of human scleral parameters]. PMID- 3205549 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of an acute attack of glaucoma]. PMID- 3205550 TI - [Latent nystagmus in asymmetrical binocular vision]. PMID- 3205551 TI - [A good outcome in the surgical treatment of a complicated penetrating eye wound]. PMID- 3205552 TI - Relationship between clinical and radiologic findings of the temporomandibular joint in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The relationship between clinical findings in the craniomandibular system and radiologic findings in the temporomandibular joint was investigated in 101 adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Radiologic changes were correlated with duration and severity of temporomandibular joint symptoms and general joint disease. The radiologic changes were also associated with loss of occlusal support, anterior open bite, and occlusal interferences. Most joints with crepitus exhibited radiologic erosion. Joints with mutilating changes were silent. PMID- 3205553 TI - Sideways position of the temporomandibular joint disk: coronal cryosectioning of fresh autopsy specimens. AB - Forty-five fresh temporomandibular joint autopsy specimens from elderly persons were studied with respect to the position of the disk in the sagittal and coronal planes. In the sagittal plane 80% of the joints showed superior disk position and 20% showed anterior disk position. In the coronal plane 62% showed superior disk position, 33% showed medial disk position, and 4% showed lateral disk position. There were no statistically significant associations between disk positions in the sagittal and coronal planes. The vertical distance from the central part of the condyle to the fossa was measured in the coronal sections and was smaller in joints with medial disk position than in joints with superior disk position. It was concluded that medial disk position is relatively frequent in elderly persons and that this condition might represent a variant of temporomandibular joint internal derangement. PMID- 3205554 TI - The effects of two different dental local anesthetic solutions on plasma potassium levels during third molar surgery. AB - The influence of two different dental local anesthetic solutions on plasma potassium levels during third molar surgery has been investigated in a single blind cross-over study in twelve volunteers. The solutions employed were 2% lidocaine (xylocaine) containing 1:80,000 epinephrine and 3% prilocaine (Citanest) containing 0.03 IU/ml felypressin. The different treatments produced similar effects on blood pressure and heart rate. However, the effect on plasma potassium levels differed significantly in the early postinjection period. PMID- 3205555 TI - The soft laser: therapeutic tool or popular placebo? AB - Because of the alleged effectiveness of soft laser therapy in the treatment of a wide range of medical and dental conditions, it is becoming increasingly popular with both patients and practitioners. It was the purpose of this study to assess soft laser treatment of hypersensitive dentin, gingivitis, pulp-capped teeth, herpes labialis, and nausea. Clinical trails demonstrated no advantage in augmenting or replacing conventional treatment of these conditions with soft laser therapy, despite its positive effect on patient attitude toward treatment. PMID- 3205556 TI - Use of a two-piece Gunning splint as a mandibular guide appliance for a patient treated for ameloblastoma. AB - Prosthodontic restoration in edentulous patients who have undergone hemisection of the mandible is difficult because of the instability of the mandible after resection and the lack of teeth necessary for successful retention of a guidance appliance. Successful prosthodontic restoration was accomplished through the use of a two-piece Gunning splint both for intermaxillary fixation and as a guidance appliance in an edentulous patient who underwent a hemisection of the mandible subsequent to treatment for an ameloblastoma. Because mandibular guidance therapy is most successful in patients whose resection involves only bony structures with minimal loss of soft tissue and no radical neck dissection or radiation therapy, the patient treated for ameloblastoma is an ideal candidate for the use of a two piece Gunning splint for intermaxillary fixation and mandibular guidance therapy. PMID- 3205557 TI - Evaluation of histopathologic parameters in predicting cervical lymph node metastasis of oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas. AB - A retrospective study of 53 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx was undertaken to evaluate histopathologic parameters in predicting cervical lymph node metastasis. Biopsy and surgical specimens were examined for degree of differentiation, pattern and depth of stromal invasion, lymphatic-vascular invasion, and lymphoplasmacytic response in relation to metastasis. The incidence of lymph node metastasis in tumors showing grade III type diffuse invasion (71.4%) and with stromal invasion of more than 8 mm in depth (83.3%) was significantly higher than that of tumors with well-demarcated boundaries (44.4% to 5.2%) and superficial invasion (35.3% to 8.3%). Lymph node metastasis also increased in the presence of lymphatic-vascular invasion by tumor cells, whereas the degree of differentiation and lymphoplasmacytic response was not related to metastasis. Thus, the pattern and the depth of stromal invasion and the presence of lymphatic-vascular invasion were important indicators in prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis. Prophylactic neck dissection is advocated when grade III type diffuse invasion, invasion exceeding 8 mm in depth, or grade II type invasion accompanied by a 4 mm to 8 mm depth of invasion is observed in a biopsy specimen. PMID- 3205558 TI - Proximal surface caries detection with direct-exposure and rare earth screen/film imaging. AB - This laboratory study compared five imaging systems for their diagnostic accuracy in detection of proximal surface dental caries. Ten viewers provided data on radiographic detectability of carious lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of each system was determined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves by comparing viewer data with the true state of the teeth as determined microscopically. D-speed film marginally outperformed the other four systems, but the three screen/film systems matched the diagnostic accuracy of E-speed film. Radiation reductions between 62% and 92% were achieved with the screen/film systems when compared to the two conventional dental films. The feasibility of designing a screen/film bite-wing cassette was shown, but the poor diagnostic accuracy of the present bite-wing system indicated a need for a new technology in caries detection. PMID- 3205559 TI - [Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in childhood]. PMID- 3205560 TI - [Pulmonary actinomycosis simulating disseminated pulmonary changes]. PMID- 3205561 TI - [Let us know more about the current Hungarian medical literature]. PMID- 3205562 TI - [Frustration, nursing and personal courage]. PMID- 3205563 TI - [Every Austrian has the right to care ... also at home]. PMID- 3205564 TI - [On the other side of the door...]. PMID- 3205565 TI - [Preparation of children for surgery]. PMID- 3205566 TI - [Health in the year 2000--analysis of aim 17: risky health behavior]. PMID- 3205567 TI - A human sequence homologous to v-sea maps to chromosome 11, band q13. AB - Human sequences homologous to the v-sea oncogene have been localised in the human genome to the region 11q13. This region of the genome has been implicated in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and also encodes the INT-2 human oncogene. PMID- 3205568 TI - Treatment implications for severe PMS and anxiety. PMID- 3205569 TI - Patient and nursing staff perceptions of living and working on a spinal injuries unit. PMID- 3205571 TI - Biochemical changes in skin composition in spinal cord injury: a possible contribution to decubitus ulcers. AB - Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have an increased susceptibility to ulcers of the skin due to pressure. Immediately after the injury, SCI patients have a greatly increased degradation of collagen from both bone and skin. Loss of collagen from the skin could account for a reduction of the skin's ability to resist mechanical insults. This paper describes the results of an investigation into the role of collagen metabolism in the etiology of pressure ulcers. Skin biopsies have been obtained from healthy non-paralysed volunteers, and from insensitive and sensitive skin in SCI patients. The amino acid content of the insensitive skin was considerably lower than in sensitive skin. The activity of the enzyme lysyl hydroxylase was also lower in the insensitive skin. Lysyl hydroxylase activity in the sensitive skin was similar to enzyme activity in control skin biopsies of the same body area. PMID- 3205570 TI - Bone mineral content of the lumbar spine and lower extremities years after spinal cord lesion. AB - Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by dual photon absorptiometry in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and shaft, and proximal tibia in 26 individuals with spinal cord lesions sustained 2 to 25 years previously. In average BMC of the lumbar spine was within the range of normal values. BMC of the femoral neck and shaft was in average 25% lower than the normal values, and for the proximal tibia more than 50% lower than the normal value. Participants with cervical lesions had lower BMC values in the femoral bones than those with thoracic lesions. Neither presence of spasticity nor daily use of long leg braces influenced the BMC significantly. Participants with previous lower extremity fractures had lower BMC values in the long bones compared with participants without fractures. The preservation of the BMC of the lumbar spine may be due to maintenance of load on the spine while sitting in a wheelchair. PMID- 3205572 TI - Spinal cord regeneration: new experimental approach. AB - An experimental study was conducted to enhance regeneration in the spinal cord. Twenty Swiss albino rats were used, of which 8 were controls, and hemicordotomy was performed at mid-thoracic level. In 12 rats a segment of peripheral nerve (sciatic) autograft was taken, minced and implanted in the hemicordotomy site. All the rats were sacrificed at 4-12 weeks. Fixation was carried out by intracardiac perfusion of fixative. Light microscopy was used to study the hemicordotomy site. Two observations were made; first, regeneration of the cord was greatly enhanced, and second, the spinal cord caudal to the hemicordotomy did not disintegrate in the grafted cords. PMID- 3205573 TI - Self-neglect of spinal injured patients. AB - Self-neglect is a recognised, but poorly emphasised, complication of spinal cord injury, with a prevalence in this study of 9% of a consecutive sample of 400 patients. Self-neglect may be the presenting symptom of problems related to adjustment to disability, a major depressive disorder (DSM III criteria), or a clear and rational wish to die (existential self-neglect). Management is discussed, emphasising the importance of respecting spinal injured patients' autonomy. PMID- 3205575 TI - Complications of a pressure sore of the chest wall: case report. AB - A female tetraplegic patient developed a pressure sore of the chest wall leading to an empyema of the lung and respiratory failure. The pressure sore resulted from the commonly practised habit of grasping the upright of the wheel chair with the upper arm in order to gain stability. PMID- 3205574 TI - Acute intermittent arteriomesenteric occlusion of the duodenum after use of Harrington's spinal instrumentation: case report. AB - We report on a traumatic paraparetic patient, who developed acute intermittent arteriomesenteric occlusion of the duodenum after the use of Harrington's spinal instrumentation. This rare condition was treated conservatively. It is presumed that some degree of hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine by the rods was responsible for this phenomenon. PMID- 3205576 TI - Long-term follow-up of spinal cord injury patients with vesicoureteral reflux. PMID- 3205577 TI - Intermittent catheterisation versus percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy in the early management of traumatic spinal cord lesions. PMID- 3205579 TI - [Characteristics of the development of Eimeria species from gerbils in secondary hosts]. AB - Peculiarities of endogenous and exogenous developmental stages of the life cycle of Eimeria salasuzica Musajev et Vejsov, 1960, a parasite of Persian jird, and E. akeriana Ismailov et Gaibova, 1983, a parasite of Meriones blackleri, in two first recognized secondary hosts (Meriones vinogradovi and M. lybicus) were studied. The paper gives comparative data on the duration of infection, endogenous stages of development and variability of oocysts of the studied species of Eimeria obtained from the main and secondary hosts. PMID- 3205578 TI - [Parasitic fauna of the cherry salmon in the Maritime Territory]. AB - 23 species of fresh water parasites were recorded from cherry salmon of which 11 species were first recorded from this host and 14 species from the Maritime Territory. The monogeneans Tetraonchus awakurai and T. oncorhynchus are specific for this host. Most strongly it is infected with parasites the intermediate hosts of which are benthic organisms. Oligochaetes, larvae of amphibiotic insects and amphipods play a considerable role in the feeding of cherry salmon in fresh water. Differences in the parasitic fauna of this fish from southern and northern parts of the Maritime Territory were found out. In the north the food ration of this species is more limited with predominance of oligochaetes in it. Diversity of the aquatic fauna, the abundance of invertebrates and fishes in it, the history of fauna formation define the peculiarities of parasitic fauna of the cherry salmon. PMID- 3205580 TI - [The quantity of blood ingested by various species of fleas in an experiment]. AB - Data are given on the blood amount engorged by the fleas Xenopsylla conformis, X. cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis, Nosopsyllus laeviceps, N. consimilis, Ctenophthalmus golovi, Neopsylla setosa, Citellophilus tesquorum and Coptopsylla lamellifer. The average weight of blood portion in females of different species engorged for the first time ranged from 0.05 mg (X. conformis) to 0.72 mg (C. lamellifer). Females of most species, which had multiple blood meals, engorge more blood. Males engorge less blood than females and blood portions do not increase with age. In all sex-age groups most ectoparasites cease feeding spontaneously after having incomplete blood meal. Indices are suggested for the estimation of saturation rate in fleas during feeding. PMID- 3205581 TI - [Hemolymph cells of fleas and their phagocytic activity]. AB - The present paper concerns 4 groups of haemolymph cells of fleas (proleukocytes, leukocytes, trophic cells and oenocytoids), results of observations on their phagocytic activity during parenteral infection of insects with bacteria, bacilli, and cells' response to the infection with Microsporidia. PMID- 3205583 TI - NSAIDs and avascular necrosis. PMID- 3205582 TI - [Ixodes trianguliceps (Parasitiformes, Ixodidae) in the southern Lake Baikal area]. AB - In the southern Lake Baikal area, in the region of the Khamar-Daban ridge, which borders the banks of Lake Baikal, there was found in abundant population the tick I. trianguliceps. Data on the ecology of the tick in this particular part of its distribution area and on its ecological links revealed by factor analysis of the tick's habitat of the first and second order by means of electronic computers are given. PMID- 3205584 TI - Sportsmedicine and the primary care practitioner. AB - Sportsmedicine is not so much a special and separate discipline as it is the application of time-honored medical principles, especially those of primary care, to the care of active people. A sportsmedicine emphasis alters practice habits, since patients are evaluated in terms of their activity patterns as well as their signs and symptoms. The "sports physician" is a primary care practitioner who treats and coordinates the care of athletes prior to, and during, athletic participation, as well as during periods of disability. PMID- 3205585 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by flexor tendon sheath lipoma. AB - Release of the transverse carpal ligament is a highly successful treatment for the majority of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. However, carpal tunnel syndrome may also be caused by space-occupying lesions within the carpal canal that compress the median nerve. In these cases, simple release of the transverse We describe a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome whose symptoms were not relieved by simple transverse carpal ligament release. Subsequent surgery revealed a lipoma of the flexor tendon sheath. PMID- 3205586 TI - Rotator cuff injuries in the throwing athlete. AB - Injuries to the rotator cuff have often been attributed to a progressive, degenerative process seen in the older patient. Traditionally, impingement has been implicated as the major etiologic factor. This paper will review the recent literature regarding rotator cuff injuries in the throwing athlete and examine the current thoughts on etiology and treatment. PMID- 3205587 TI - Clinical kinesiology: measurement techniques for spinal disorders. AB - Accurate measurement of the motions and strength of the trunk is limited by landmarks that rarely remain constant, a shifting axis of rotation, and the dual roles of muscles that act as both extensors and flexors. This paper will review the growing number of devices that can assist the clinician in measuring both the quality and quantity of trunk functions for range of motion, strength and endurance. PMID- 3205588 TI - Patient-controlled analgesia in orthopedic procedures. PMID- 3205589 TI - The surgical treatment of complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation. AB - Forty-eight patients with complete acromioclavicular (A-C) joint dislocation were treated surgically and followed postoperatively for an average of 26 months. Nineteen patients were treated with simple temporary pinning without ligament reconstruction. Eight of these patients were found, on follow-up x-ray, to have some degree of loss of reduction. All 21 patients treated with Neviaser's operation and all four patients treated with pinning and coracoclavicular (C-C) ligament reconstruction maintained their position on follow-up. One patient treated with arthrodesis of the C-C joint with a wire sustained metallic failure, and another treated with arthrodesis with a screw sustained bone erosion of the clavicle. Although the radiographic results were not necessarily good, 94% (45/48) of patients obtained good or excellent functional results. Reconstruction of either the superior A-C ligament or the C-C ligament, besides temporary fixation of the A-C joint, is recommended for surgical treatment of complete A-C joint dislocation. PMID- 3205590 TI - The Ilizarov External Fixator, a physiologic method of orthopaedic reconstruction and skeletal correction. A conversation with Prof. G. A. Ilizarov and Victor H. Frankel. PMID- 3205591 TI - Knee prop for knee surgery. AB - A simple, inexpensive, effective, sterilizable knee prop is described for use in the operating room. It allows placement of the knee in any position, using the operating table hydraulic mechanism in conjunction. It is small, compact, easily adjustable, and can be kept sterilized for easy access. Over thirty years of use have abundantly demonstrated its success. PMID- 3205592 TI - Early gastric cancer: 52 cases of combined experience of two south Australian teaching hospitals. AB - Fifty-two patients with early gastric cancer are described. At presentation, the average age was 60 years and the male:female ratio was 3:2. The patients had presenting symptoms indistinguishable from those due to benign peptic ulcer disease. Endoscopic examination with multiple biopsies was the most accurate means of diagnosis, with an overall 93% detection rate. The tumours were located predominantly along the lesser curve (75%) and in the antrum (64%), with ulcerated or depressed lesions most common and flat lesions least common. Approximately 58% of lesions were of intestinal type, submucosal invasion was seen in 45% and lymph node metastases had occurred in 7% of cases. Lesser curve and antral lesions were more likely to be ulcerated. Ulcerated lesions were on average, the same size as non-ulcerated lesions. Body lesions were larger than antral lesions and lesions which had spread to the submucosa were larger than mucosal lesions. Diffuse-type lesions were more likely to be ulcerated than intestinal-type lesions and dysplasia was more commonly associated with intestinal-type lesions than with diffuse or mixed-type lesions. The crude 5-year survival rate was 80%, but only one death was associated with a recurrence of gastric cancer. PMID- 3205593 TI - Osteofibrous dysplasia of the tibia and fibula. AB - Osteofibrous dysplasia (ossifying fibroma of long bone) is an uncommon disorder of bone affecting the tibia and, rarely, the fibula of children and adolescents. It has been delineated from monostotic fibrous dysplasia, from which it can be distinguished by its radiological and histological characteristics and by its clinical course. We report 11 patients with osteofibrous dysplasia whose ages ranged from 10 months to 22 years. Four presented with a pathological fracture and in 2 a pseudarthrosis developed. A circumscribed area of intracortical lucency and expansion in the diaphysis is the characteristic radiological finding. Histologically there is a similarity to fibrous dysplasia but the trabeculae are lamellar or have a lamellar surface and most show osteoblastic rimming. Treatment may be difficult but more recent experience strongly favours a conservative approach wherever possible. PMID- 3205594 TI - Test and teach. Number fifty-seven. Cocaine-associated coronary thrombosis and myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3205595 TI - DNA ploidy in thin melanoma. AB - DNA ploidy in benign nevi (BN), thin non-metastasizing melanomas (TNM) and thin metastasizing melanomas (TMM) was investigated using an image analyser to determine whether characteristics such as nuclear area (NA) and nuclear integrated optical density (IOD) could be used to distinguish between these lesions. NA measurements showed significant differences between samples of nevus cells and melanoma cells and nuclear IOD differences were significant between TNM and TMM samples. Differences in NA and nuclear IOD were detected across the three groups (BN, TNM and TMM) but the large variability within samples and within groups indicate further studies would be necessary to determine the usefulness of these results in terms of the rate of correct group classification of a single sample for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 3205596 TI - Clinching the diagnosis: applications of recombinant DNA techniques. AB - rDNA tests are playing an increasing role in the diagnostic laboratory. These tests have a number of advantages over conventional protein or biochemical markers. Their main disadvantages are interpretation of results and technical problems. The latter will, in many cases, be resolved by availability of kits. On the other hand, interpretation can be difficult and requires experience as well as close liaison between clinicians and the laboratory. PMID- 3205597 TI - Susceptibility of 114 isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group to imipenem and eight other antimicrobial agents. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the newer beta-lactam antibiotic, imipenem, were compared with those of cefoxitin, cefotetan, penicillin, amoxycillin, ticarcillin and metronidazole against 114 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group of anaerobic organisms. The ability of clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, to potentiate the in vitro activity of amoxycillin and ticarcillin was also studied. Using an agar dilution technique we found imipenem to be the most active beta-lactam antibiotic tested having an MIC50 of 0.25 microgram/ml and inhibiting all isolates at a concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. Metronidazole had comparable activity with a MIC50 of 0.5 microgram/ml and all isolates inhibited by 1 microgram/ml. Cefoxitin and cefotetan showed similar activity both with a MIC50 of 8 micrograms/ml against the B. fragilis group, while penicillin, amoxycillin and ticarcillin all had a MIC50 of 16 micrograms/ml. Clavulanic acid significantly reduced the MIC50 of amoxycillin and ticarcillin to 0.5 micrograms/ml and 0.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. PMID- 3205598 TI - Activated killer cell lymphoma: an erythrophagocytic syndrome simulating histiocytic medullary histiocytosis. AB - We report a detailed analysis of a lymphoma-induced erythrophagocytic syndrome mimicking histiocytic medullary reticulosis. Phenotypic analysis of cell surface molecules demonstrated a T cell-like phenotype. However, more extensive analysis showed that this phenotype was not typical of any element of the normal T cell lineage. The markers were consistent with a subset of natural killer cells, the lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell. The lymphoma cells, like normal LAK cells, were shown to be capable of non-specific cytotoxicity. Moreover, consistent with the reported regulatory effects of certain non-specific killer cells on hemopoiesis, the lymphoma cells were able to suppress in-vitro hemopoiesis, especially maturation of erythroid precursors, although a soluble factor could not be directly demonstrated. Both of these activities were blocked by a monoclonal antibody (9.IC3) which inhibits NK cell function. These findings imply that this tumour is a neoplastic counterpart of the cell identifiable in vitro as an LAK cell. PMID- 3205600 TI - Solitary cervical intra- and extramedullary schwannoma. AB - A case of solitary cervical intramedullary schwannoma with an extramedullary extension is reported. This case demonstrates the difficulty of radiologic diagnosis of these tumours and the necessity for pre-treatment biopsy. PMID- 3205599 TI - Limbic encephalitis associated with malignant thymoma. AB - A case of limbic encephalitis associated with recurrent malignant thymoma in a 41 year-old male is described. The patient presented with confusion, loss of memory, hallucinations, abnormal behaviour, tachycardia and profuse sweating. Investigations were unrewarding and the patient's clinical state deteriorated until his death 1 month after presentation. The diagnosis was made at autopsy when bilateral extensive neuronal loss with reactive gliosis, confined to the medial temporal cortex and Ammon's horn, was revealed. PMID- 3205601 TI - Additions and modifications to the range of antibiotics tested by the CDS method of antibiotic sensitivity testing. PMID- 3205602 TI - Pattern of glomerulonephritis in Hong Kong. PMID- 3205603 TI - Coronary heart disease: animal fat on trial: a rebuttal. PMID- 3205604 TI - The plastic tube compared with the glass tube in blood bank tests. PMID- 3205605 TI - Effects of respiratory alkalosis on thromboxane-induced pulmonary hypertension in piglets. AB - Acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is attenuated by respiratory alkalosis. It is unknown if alkalosis similarly reduces pulmonary vasoconstriction produced by thromboxane A2. Respiratory alkalosis does not always attenuate persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns, some of whom have elevated serum thromboxane B2 levels. We hypothesized that alkalosis attenuates thromboxane-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction less than it does hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in infants. Hemodynamic responses to respiratory alkalosis during pulmonary vasoconstriction produced in random order by breathing 12% inspired oxygen and by infusing 0.1 micrograms/kg/min of the thromboxane-mimetic U46,619 were compared in eight 2-wk-old piglets. Hypoxia increased mean pulmonary artery pressure from 12 +/- 3 to 29 +/- 2 mm Hg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) from 11 +/- 4 to 25 +/- 8 mmHg/L/min; U46,619 increased pulmonary artery pressure from 16 +/- 5 to 37 +/- 6 mm Hg and PVR from 14 +/- 5 to 51 +/- 17 mm Hg/liter/min. U46,619 also decreased cardiac output accounting in part for the greater increase in PVR compared to hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction. Respiratory alkalosis decreased PVR to 14 +/- 6 mm Hg/liter/min during exposure to hypoxia and to 28 +/- 9 mm Hg/liter/min during infusion of U46,619. In six additional piglets with U46,619 induced pulmonary vasoconstriction, the effects of lung stretch and hypocapnic alkalosis were separated by doubling tidal volume and then adding inspired CO2 to return PaCO2 to prehyperventilation levels. Respiratory alkalosis decreased PVR from 52 +/- 36 to 35 +/- 21 mm Hg/liter/min. Despite the increased tidal volume, PVR increased to 53 +/- 35 Hg/liter/min when PaCO2 returned to 44 +/- 5 mm Hg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205606 TI - Formation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) in blood from adults versus neonates: reduced production of 12-HETE in cord blood. AB - Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) are major arachidonic acid metabolites of a number of cells found in blood and blood vessels. These products have been implicated in physiologic responses as diverse as platelet aggregation, cell migration, and cell proliferation. Using a sensitive and specific assay, GC/selected ion monitoring after high-performance liquid chromatography separation, we have measured the levels of three HETE isomers of biologic significance 12-HETE, 15-HETE, and 5-HETE in plasma, serum and stimulated serum (formed in the presence of arachidonic acid and calcium ionophore), obtained from normal adults and cord blood from normal neonates. Whereas there were no significant differences between the two groups for 5- or 15-HETE in any of the samples, stimulated serum from adults produced 12 times as much 12-HETE when compared to cord blood. When platelets were isolated from adult and cord blood, 12-HETE production by neonatal platelets, stimulated with 10 microM arachidonic acid, was less than one-fourth that of adults. Although no role for 12-HETE in normal platelet responses has yet been established, it has been reported that those individuals with myeloproliferative syndromes who demonstrate a concomitant decrease in platelet 12-HETE synthetic ability have an increased bleeding tendency. It needs to be further evaluated if this already depressed level of 12 lipoxygenase in neonatal platelets may contribute to pathologic bleeding in those infants subjected to additional stress (such as prematurity or birth asphyxia). PMID- 3205608 TI - Growth hormone deficiency is not associated with impaired vagal cholinergic nervous system activity in children. AB - Central cholinergic mechanisms mediate release of growth hormone (GH) as well as peripheral secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP). To determine if impaired ability to secrete GH is associated with defective PP response, we studied the PP, epinephrine, and norepinephrine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in 31 children evaluated for GH deficiency by insulin-arginine stimulation (IATT) and 24-h integrated concentrations of GH (IC-GH). Eleven patients had normal GH by IATT and IC-GH (controls), 10 patients had normal GH by IATT but subnormal IC GH, 10 patients had GH deficiency by both IATT and IC-GH. PP levels peaked at the time of glucose nadir, and remained elevated for 20 min thereafter. The peak PP and incremental PP change from baseline were not significantly different among the three groups. The log peak PP response was inversely correlated with the glucose nadir (r = -0.5, p less than 0.005). Peak PP levels were also significantly correlated with the peak epinephrine levels (r = 0.6, p less than 0.001) but not with norepinephrine. Our findings suggest that 1) GH deficiency disorders are not associated with impaired vagal cholinergic response to hypoglycemia; 2) in children the magnitude of PP response is inversely related to the degree of hypoglycemia; and 3) the peripheral hormonal manifestation of autonomic nervous system responses to hypoglycemia as measured by PP and epinephrine levels are closely correlated. PMID- 3205607 TI - Effects of pulmonary oxygen injury on airway content of surfactant-associated protein A. AB - The use of therapeutic hyperoxia has greatly improved the survival of infants born prematurely. However, high concentrations of oxygen cause pulmonary injury, leading to decreased pulmonary compliance and decreased oxygen diffusion. This injury can result in chronic pulmonary insufficiency. It has been hypothesized that the adverse effects of hyperoxia are mediated, in part, through changes in the pulmonary surfactant system. We investigated the effects of hyperoxia on surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A), the abundant surfactant-specific glycoprotein. Adult male rats were exposed to 85% oxygen for 72 h. Total lung volume and pulmonary compliance were measured, and alveolar surfactant material recovered by lavage. Hyperoxia decreased total lung capacity, and altered inflation and deflation hysteresis patterns. Disaturated phosphatidylcholine and SP-A content were significantly increased in alveolar surfactant material isolated from oxygen-treated rats. SP-A content was also significantly increased in lung tissue from oxygen-treated rats. The SP-A in the lavage of oxygen-treated rats appeared to be intact protein as no proteolytic fragments were detected and the SP-A migrated identically to that recovered from room air animals when analyzed by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing. We conclude that the decreased pulmonary compliance associated with pulmonary oxygen injury is not due to quantitative decreases in two major surfactant components, disaturated phosphatidylcholine and SP-A. PMID- 3205609 TI - Regulation of cardiac output with controlled heart rate in newborn lambs. AB - To determine the factors regulating cardiac output in newborn lambs and to examine the effects of age after birth, we altered heart rate, afterload, preload, and myocardial contractility in eight younger lambs, 5 to 13 days old, and seven older lambs, 15 to 36 days old. To control heart rate, we ablated the atrioventricular node by injecting formalin into the region of the node, and paced the right ventricle at a baseline heart rate of 200 beats/min. After the lambs recovered from surgery, we performed two protocols. In the first protocol we assessed the effects of changing heart rate by pacing the ventricle at various rates. We also examined the effect of altering afterload and preload at a fixed heart rate: afterload was increased by infusing phenylephrine and decreased by infusing nitroprusside. Preload was increased by infusing blood or 0.9% NaCl solution over 2 min. In the second protocol, we increased myocardial contractility by infusing isoproterenol at a fixed heart rate. Increasing heart rate above baseline levels caused no significant increase in cardiac output in the younger lambs (3.9 +/- 4.0%, mean +/- SD), and only small increases in the older lambs (11.4 +/- 6.7%). Decreasing heart rate, however, resulted in a progressive decrease in cardiac output in both groups of lambs. Decreasing afterload caused no significant increase in cardiac output in the younger lambs (1.4 +/- 14.0%) and only a small increase in the older lambs (11.1 +/- 1.9%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205610 TI - Developmental changes in rat brain 5'-deiodinase and thyroid hormones during the fetal period: the effects of fetal hypothyroidism and maternal thyroid hormones. AB - We have studied the ontogenesis of 5'-deiodinase (5'D) activity in rat brain during fetal life, its capacity to respond to maternal or fetal hypothyroidism, and its regulation by maternal thyroid hormones. Type II 5'D (5' D-II) activity increases 4-fold during the period studied (17 to 22 days of gestation), mainly between days 19 and 21. Fetal brain T4 concentrations increase in parallel with fetal plasma T4, whereas fetal brain T3 concentrations increase 18 times (days 17 21), six times more than would have been expected from the small increase in fetal plasma T3 levels. Maternal thyroidectomy did not affect 5'D-II activity or thyroid hormone concentrations in fetal brain (except brain T4 at 18 days of gestation). Fetal hypothyroidism, induced by giving a goitrogen (methimazole) to the mothers, depleted all fetal tissues studied, including the fetal thyroid, from thyroid hormones. By 19 days of gestation, the fetal brain was able to respond to hypothyroidism with a 3- to 5-fold increase in 5'D-II activity. Earlier onset of treatment with methimazole led to 2- to 3-fold increases in 5'D already at 17 and 18 days of gestation, showing that when fetal thyroid secretion starts the fetal brain 5'D-II is able to respond to hypothyroidism. Replacement of methimazole-treated mothers with physiological doses of T4, given by constant infusion, increased T4 and T3 concentrations in fetal brain, and inhibited fetal, as well as maternal, brain 5'D-II activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205611 TI - Kinetics of circulating corticosterone in infant rats. AB - Corticosterone plays an important role in the regulation of postnatal development in the rat. Basal concentrations of plasma corticosterone increase markedly during the 3rd wk of life. To date, however, the physiologic bases of this increase have remained unclear. To understand the determinants of circulating concentrations of corticosterone during this period, the plasma half-life of disappearance at steady state (t1/2), the apparent volume of distribution, and metabolic clearance rate were determined after injection of a tracer dose of 3H corticosterone in rats at 12, 16, and 22 days of age. The t1/2 for total plasma corticosterone decreased with increasing age. The volume of distribution decreased even more steeply and, consequently, the MCR displayed a highly significant decline between 12 and 22 days of age. As plasma concentrations of corticosteroid-binding globulin are known to increase markedly during this period, the t1/2 of protein-bound corticosterone was measured and that of free corticosterone was computed. At all ages the t1/2 of bound corticosterone was less than that of free corticosterone. Protein binding of the injected 3H corticosterone increased significantly with development. Thus, increased binding of corticosterone is associated with decreased t1/2. The increasing association of corticosterone with corticosteroid-binding globulin during this developmental period is the most likely explanation for the steep decline of volume of distribution and thus of the metabolic clearance rate for corticosterone. The latter provides, for the first time, an understanding of the basis of the developmental increase in plasma concentrations of corticosterone. PMID- 3205612 TI - Precocial neural function in the growth-retarded fetal lamb. AB - Clinical studies suggest that growth-retarded prematurely delivered infants are neurologically precocious. We investigated this paradoxical observation in the fetal lamb. Somatosensory and brainstem auditory-evoked potentials were studied in chronically instrumented fetal lambs in late gestation with varying degrees of growth retardation induced by preconception uterine carunclectomy. The components of the brainstem auditory-evoked response appeared earlier (p less than 0.05) in fetuses at least 2 SD less than the mean weight for gestational age (n = 5) compared to normal controls (n = 8) or carunclectomized fetuses of normal size (n = 7). Several waveforms of both the somatosensory (N20, P/N 30, and P200) and the brainstem auditory-evoked response (I, III, IV, and V) demonstrated shorter (p less than 0.05) latencies in growth-retarded fetuses relative to normal-sized fetuses. The ability to follow increasing stimulus rates for both stimuli also demonstrated precocial maturation (p less than 0.05) in growth-retarded as compared to normal-sized fetuses. Growth retardation is thus associated with precocial neurologic maturation in utero. PMID- 3205614 TI - Fetal internal carotid and umbilical artery blood flow velocity waveforms as a measure of fetal well-being in intrauterine growth retardation. AB - Maximal flow velocity waveforms were recorded on one occasion from the umbilical artery (UA) and fetal internal carotid artery (ICA) in 240 normal pregnancies and 44 cases of intrauterine growth retardation between 26 and 39 wk of gestation. In normal pregnancy the mean UA pulsatility index (PI) decreased from 1.14 (SD: +/- 0.13) at 26-27 wk of gestation to 0.78 (SD: +/- 0.15) at 38-39 wk. The corresponding decrease in ICA PI was from 1.63 (SD: +/- 0.19) to 1.31 (SD: +/- 0.21). Mean values of UA PI for normal pregnancies were linearly related to gestational age; for ICA PI this relation appeared to be quadratic. Normal limits according to age were constructed by estimated means +/- 2 SD. In intrauterine growth retardation, the UA PI was increased (greater than 2 SD) in 80% of cases, ICA PI was reduced (greater than 2 SD) in only 45%. The outcome of fetuses with intrauterine growth retardation, as expressed by fetal heart rate abnormality, Apgar score at 1 min, and umbilical cord pH, was significantly related to the UA PI but not to the ICA PI. PMID- 3205613 TI - Erythroid colonies derived from fetal blood display different growth patterns from those derived from adult marrow. AB - Fetal blood may be useful for the study of hematopoietic development in humans. However, the methods used to study blood cell colonies in adults may not be optimal for the study of colonies derived from fetal blood. Using cord blood from six healthy term pregnancies and marrow from six healthy adult volunteers, we compared the chronology of emergence, morphology, and differentiation of progenitor cell colonies from the two sources. In cultures of adult marrow, erythroid colony-forming unit colonies reached maximal concentrations after 8.5 +/- 0.3 days of culture (mean +/- SEM), but erythroid colony-forming unit colonies derived from fetal blood reached maximal concentrations sooner, after 6.5 +/- 0.2 days (p less than 0.01). Single-centered-erythroid burst-forming unit colonies from adult marrow (45 +/- 5/10(5) light-density, "accessory-cell" depleted cells) reached a peak at 14 days, but from cord blood they were significantly greater at 9 days (200 +/- 15/10(5) cells) than at 14 days. When studying fetal blood erythroid colony-forming unit and "mature-erythroid burst forming unit," colonies should be enumerated earlier than when studying adult marrow-derived progenitors. Otherwise, the concentrations of these progenitors will be significantly underestimated. PMID- 3205615 TI - Ophthalmic artery blood flow velocity in healthy term and preterm neonates. AB - Ophthalmic artery blood flow velocity (OA-BFV, cm/s), cerebral blood flow velocity (C-BFV, cm/s), and cardiac output (ml/min) were measured by pulsed Doppler sonography in 15 healthy term and 10 well preterm (26-35 wk) infants in the first week of life. OA-BFV did not increase with increasing gestational age (preterm: peak systolic BFV 29 +/- 5 cm/s, mean BFV 7.2 +/- 1.5 cm/s; term: peak systolic BFV 27 +/- 5 cm/s, mean BFV 6.6 +/- 1.3 cm/s), unlike C-BFV (preterm: peak systolic BFV 34 +/- 8 cm/s, mean BFV 9.4 +/- 2.3 cm/s; term: peak systolic BFV 43 +/- 9 cm/s, p less than 0.05; mean BFV 11 +/- 3.0 cm/s, p less than 0.05) and cardiac output (preterm 329 +/- 128 ml/min, term 732 +/- 112 ml/min; p less than 0.001). The ratio of OA-BFV/C-BFV was significantly higher in preterm than in term infants (p less than 0.01). In preterm infants, but not in term infants, there was a positive linear correlation of OA-BFV to C-BFV (r = 0.88). We conclude that it is possible to measure opthalmic artery blood flow velocity in neonates by pulsed Doppler sonography. Gestational age has different effects on OA-BFV and on C-BFV. Although it is a point of discussion if blood flow velocities are reflecting absolute blood flow, Doppler assessment of OA-BFV could be a tool for monitoring risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity. PMID- 3205616 TI - Inositol and glucocorticoid in the development of lung stability in male and female rabbit fetuses. AB - Inasmuch as inositol affects the development of lung surfactant, and exogenous glucocorticoids accelerate fetal lung maturation, a possible interaction of the two substances on alveolar stability of preterm rabbit fetuses of 28 days gestation was investigated. On days 26 and 27 of gestation inositol or glucose were added to the diet of does treated with betamethasone (0.2 mg/kg intramuscularly on days 26 and 27). Inositol increased lung-thorax compliance of paralyzed fetuses at all insufflation pressures studied (from 16 to 22.5 and 30 cm H2O and back to 22.5, and 16 cm H2O). At a ventilation pressure of 30 cm H2O, lung-thorax compliance of fetuses treated with inositol plus betamethasone was more than doubled as compared with controls (1.2 +/- 0.6 versus 0.5 +/- 0.2 ml/kg x cm H2O; p less than 0.001). Inositol alone had no detectable effect on compliance, whereas betamethasone tended to increase compliance (p = 0.05). According to variance analysis, the effect of inositol was statistically significant only among the males. Inositol prevented the glucocorticoid-induced decrease in lung protein and, to a lesser extent, the decrease in DNA. Inositol did not further increase the lavageable surfactant pool of the glucocorticoid treated, ventilated fetuses, although the area occupied by lamellar bodies within type II cells was increased after inositol plus betamethasone. According to the present study, inositol modifies the physiologic and biochemical response of the immature fetal lung to a pharmacologic dose of exogenous glucocorticoid. PMID- 3205617 TI - Cerebral tolerance of hypoxia in growth-retarded and appropriately grown newborn guinea pigs. AB - To elucidate if there is a reduced perinatal tolerance of hypoxia in growth retardation and approach its pathophysiologic background, newborn guinea pigs of different weights were subjected to standardized hypoxia. Intrauterine growth retardation was induced through uterine artery ligation. After spontaneous delivery experiments were performed within 2 days. After stabilization, hypoxia of stepwise increased severity was instituted. Blood gases, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurophysiologic [somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP)] parameters were monitored. A control series in which equally large blood samples were taken at the same intervals was performed. The animals were grouped according to birth weight: greater than or equal to 101 g (n = 10, 12), 71-100 g (n = 11, 10), and less than or equal to 70 g (n = 8, 3) (hypoxic and control series, respectively). Basal SEP latencies did not differ between the groups. Under hypoxia, both the amplitude of the SEP and the time to complete loss of the SEP was reduced in proportion to the degree of growth retardation. The differences between all groups were significant. The animals in the control series did not change their SEP performance significantly. Slight differences in metabolic and cardiovascular parameters between the groups were found not likely to explain the differences in SEP performance. Therefore, it is concluded that a reduced cerebral tolerance of hypoxia prevails in growth-retarded newborn guinea pigs and that this is related to changes in the brain itself. It is also concluded that a relationship exists between the degree of growth retardation and that of reduced cerebral hypoxia tolerance. PMID- 3205618 TI - Maturation of calcium transport in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Developmental changes in myocardial function have been described by a number of investigators. To further define the cellular basis for these changes, the present study was designed to characterize age-related changes in Ca2+ transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles isolated from six groups of sheep: group (Sp) I (100-105 days gestation), Gp II (128-132 days gestation), Gp III (postnatal, 0-3 days), Gp IV (4 wk), Gp V (8 wk), and Gp VI (maternal sheep). The maximal Ca2+ uptake for vesicles isolated from Gp I-V was significantly (p less than 0.01) decreased as compared to that measured for Gp VI (maternal) vesicles. However, Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis was decreased only in the fetal SR vesicles (Gp I-II). Thus, decreased ATP hydrolysis only partially explained the decreased Ca2+ uptake. In contrast, calculation of apparent Ca2+ pump coupling ratios (mol of Ca2+ transported/mol of ATP hydrolyzed) showed that there was a marked increase in the coupling of Ca2+ transport to ATP hydrolysis during maturation of the heart. Inasmuch as the contractile state of the heart depends on precise regulation of Ca2+ concentration by the SR, these age-related changes in SR function may contribute to developmental changes in myocardial function. PMID- 3205619 TI - Renal functional impairment in preterm neonates related to intrauterine indomethacin exposure. AB - Renal function was measured during the first 4 postnatal days in 9 preterm neonates (gestational age 26.2 to 31 wk) exposed to indomethacin during the last 2 days of pregnancy (group I). The data were compared to those obtained from nine control neonates (gestational age 28 to 34.5 wk) (group II). Five of the nine neonates in group I were markedly edematous at birth, none of group II were edematous. Urine production in group I was low (32.2 +/- 16.8 ml/kg.day on day 1 increasing to 68.6 +/- 21.4 ml/kg.day on day 4) and differed significantly from group II [75.2 +/- 26.8 ml/kg.day on day 1 increasing to 84.8 +/- 20.9 ml/kg.day on day 4 (p less than 0.001)]. Fluid intake was adapted to urine production when necessary. A continuous inulin infusion was started directly after admission and continued for 5 days. Renal function was evaluated for 3 consecutive days after at least 48 h of insulin infusion. The values of the inulin clearance, serum creatinine, urine osmolarity, osmolar clearance, and free water clearance were stable in both groups during the study period. Inulin clearance was lower in group I than in group II (p less than 0.001), whereas serum creatinine was higher in group I than in group II (p less than 0.0001). Urine osmolarity was higher in group I (p less than 0.01), whereas osmolar clearance and free water clearance were lower in group I (p less than 0.02, respectively, p less than 0.01). There was no difference in fractional sodium excretion between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205620 TI - Cerebral metabolic response to neonatal hypoglycemia in growth-retarded dogs. AB - The cerebral metabolic effects of hypoglycemia due to intrauterine growth retardation were studied in newborn dogs. Intrauterine growth retardation was induced in newborn dogs after 3 days of maternal nutritional deprivation (birth weight 251 +/- 7 versus 227 +/- 7 g, p less than 0.01). After birth, growth retarded pups developed fasting neonatal hypoglycemia which lasted from 3 to 9 h of life. The cerebral arteriovenous differences for glucose, oxygen, and ketone bodies were not different between growth-retarded pups or those from age-matched controls. The cerebral venous efflux of lactate was reduced, whereas the extraction of glucose (relative to blood glucose) was enhanced among growth retarded pups. Cerebral glycogen content was lower in pups with growth retardation whereas phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate concentrations were augmented among growth-retarded pups. The latter may reflect a more oxidized cytoplasmic redox state but may also be due to diminished lactate efflux from the brain. Cerebral ATP content was not affected during periods of reduced blood glucose levels. These results suggest that in newborn dogs hypoglycemia associated with intrauterine growth retardation alters cerebral metabolism by increasing cerebral extraction of glucose and decreasing CNS efflux of lactate. We speculate that the net effect is increased lactate utilization within oxidative pathways and preservation of cerebral oxygen uptake. Cerebral glucose utilization is directed away from glycogen synthesis and toward glycolysis. Lactate oxidation rather than release to the systemic circulation may maintain cerebral ATP production in growth-retarded hypoglycemic newborn dogs. PMID- 3205621 TI - Current status and future needs of pediatric nephrology. Position paper from American Society of Pediatric Nephrology. PMID- 3205622 TI - Spectral analysis assessment of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in normal infants and infants who subsequently died of sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Reduced heart rate variability has been found in infants who later succumb to the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). To determine whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a major component of heart rate variability, is also reduced in SIDS victims, nighttime portions of eighteen 24-h recordings of ECG and respiration from infants who later died of SIDS and 52 recordings from control infants were assessed using spectral analysis. Two aspects of respiratory sinus arrhythmia were examined: "extent" (the absolute heart rate variation at the respiratory frequency) and "coherence" (the degree to which heart rate follows respiration regardless of the absolute amount of variation). Respiratory parameters were used to classify each 1-min epoch as quiet sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, waking, or indeterminate state. Median extent and coherence values across the night were then computed for each sleep-waking state. Two-way (group X state) repeated measures analysis of variance tests were then used to compare respiratory sinus arrhythmia values for 13 SIDS victims and 13 control infants matched by postnatal age, birth weight, sex, and gestational age. Extent of respiratory sinus arrhythmia was significantly lower in the SIDS victims across all sleep-waking states, a finding that persisted after adjusting for heart rate. Coherence values did not differ significantly. These results suggest that even before the time of maximal risk for the syndrome, SIDS victims, as a group, differ from controls in the extent to which cardiac and respiratory activity couple, and this difference is independent of basal heart rate. PMID- 3205623 TI - Bone mineral content reflects total body calcium in neonatal miniature piglets. AB - We measured bone mineral content (BMC) in 18 neonatal miniature piglets by single photon absorptiometry, total body calcium (TBC) by total body neutron activation analysis, growth, and serum indices of mineral status (calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity). Measurements were begun on day 6, when the piglets were weaned, and were continued to day 19. After weaning, the piglets were assigned randomly to receive one of three diets which differed only in their concentrations of calcium and phosphorus: 100% of the recommended level (diet A), 60% (diet B), and 20% (diet C). No differences were observed among groups during the 19-day study, either in weight gain (48 +/- 2 g/day) or increment in crown rump length (2.4 +/- 0.2 cm/wk). BMC correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) with TBC at 6 (r = 0.83), 13 (r = 0.77), and 19 (r = 0.93) days. BMC correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) with the ash weight (r = 0.87) and calcium content (r = 0.90) of the corresponding tibial bone segment. Anthropometric parameters and serum indices of mineral status did not predict TBC as accurately as did BMC measurements. We observed a range in BMC measurements in this study that was similar to the range reported for infants in the 1st yr of life. The high correlation between BMC and TBC suggested that BMC is useful in the assessment of mineral status in infants. PMID- 3205624 TI - Indomethacin does not diminish the pulmonary vascular response of the fetus to increased oxygen tension. AB - This study was performed to determine whether prostaglandins play a role in the increase in pulmonary blood flow in the fetal lamb caused by an increase in oxygen tension similar to that occurring at birth. To increase fetal oxygen tension without ventilating the lungs, nine pregnant ewes with chronically instrumented fetuses were exposed to 100% oxygen at 3 atmospheres absolute pressure for 20 min in a hyperbaric chamber. This exposure increased pulmonary arterial oxygen tension in the nine fetuses from 20 +/- 1 to 54 +/- 9 torr. It increased pulmonary blood flow from fetal to newborn values, 31 +/- 3 to 295 +/- 20 ml/kg/min. It did not change pulmonary arterial pressure, 52 +/- 2 torr during normoxia and 50 +/- 2 torr during hyperoxia. Treating five of these fetuses with 3.2 +/- 0.4 mg/kg of indomethacin during hyperbaric oxygenation did not alter these effects (PO2 = 51 +/- 8 torr, pulmonary blood flow = 283 +/- 13 ml/kg/min, and pulmonary arterial pressure = 48 +/- 2 torr). We conclude that the increase in pulmonary blood flow caused by an increase in oxygen tension in the fetus is not maintained by prostaglandins. PMID- 3205625 TI - Granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units from cord blood of premature and full term neonates: its role in ontogeny of human hemopoiesis. AB - It is still uncertain whether the yolk sac is the only origin of hemopoietic stem cells during fetal development. We studied the level of circulating granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) from the 23rd week of gestation to fullterm, trying to delineate its role in the ontogeny of human hemopoiesis. Cord blood samples were collected from 45 healthy premature neonates and 91 healthy full-term neonates. CFU-GM assays were performed using a single agar layer system with human placental conditioned medium as a source of colony stimulating activity. The mean numbers of colonies produced from the cord blood samples of the premature and full-term neonates were 116 +/- 185 (SD) and 96 +/- 113/2 x 10(5) mononuclear cells, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the numbers of colonies of the two groups (Mann-Whitney test, p greater than 0.05). These results indicate that the level of circulating CFU-GM from the 23rd week of gestation to full term is constantly high and add credence to the assumption that CFU-GM are produced not only from the yolk sac but also from other hemopoietic sites. PMID- 3205627 TI - In situ activation of human erythrocyte prolidase: potential for enzyme replacement therapy in prolidase deficiency. AB - Deficiency of prolidase is frequently associated with skin lesions and mental retardation. Biochemically, the condition is marked by iminodipeptiduria. We have investigated the feasibility of using donor erythrocytes to replace the deficient enzyme. Prolidase occurs in erythrocytes in an inactive form. If erythrocytes are incubated overnight at 37 degrees C in the presence of 1 mM MnCl2, the intracellular Mn++ concentration increases from 0.014 to 2.04 micrograms/ml. As a consequence, the activity of prolidase in hemolysates increases to 159 mumol glycyl-L-proline hydrolyzed/h/ml compared to 5 mumol/h/ml for hemolysates of cells incubated in the absence of Mn++. Hydrolysis of glycyl-L-proline by intact erythrocytes is reduced by the slow rate of iminodipeptide transport into the cell; however, intact cells hydrolyzed this substrate at a rate 10-20 times faster after preincubation with MnCl2. After exogenous MnCl2 is removed from the storage buffer, high levels of erythrocyte prolidase activity persist for at least 13 days. The kinetic parameters for intact activated erythrocyte-catalyzed hydrolysis of glycyl-L-proline have been estimated. These values predict that donor erythrocytes, activated with Mn++ before transfusion could play a significant role in the recovery of proline from dietary sources of iminodipeptides in patients with prolidase deficiency. PMID- 3205626 TI - Formation of intracellular vesicles in neonatal and adult erythrocytes: evidence against the concept of neonatal hyposplenism. AB - Intraerythrocytic vesicles accumulate in the peripheral blood as a result of impaired clearance of these intracellular inclusions by the spleen. The observation that neonates demonstrate an increased percentage of erythrocytes containing these vesicles constitutes the primary evidence supporting the concept that the newborn is functionally hyposplenic. Neonatal erythrocytes also demonstrate an increased propensity to undergo a variety of endocytic processes. We therefore questioned whether the increase in red cell vesicles in the neonate might be the result of increased vesicle formation as opposed to impaired splenic clearance. Newborn and adult erythrocytes were incubated in vitro in synthetic medium at 37 degrees C. Several parameters confirmed the maintenance of physiologic conditions, including levels of erythrocyte phosphate metabolites monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance. The acquisition of intraerythrocytic vesicles during the course of these incubations was compared. Over a period of 144 h, 19.2% of neonatal erythrocytes acquired vesicles compared to 3.7% of the adult cells (p less than 0.001). The increase in vesicles was greater in younger density-separated erythrocytes in both the neonate (37.6%, p less than 0.0005) and the adult (10.3%, p less than 0.002), but persisted even in the oldest erythrocytes (12.2% and 2.4%, respectively). We conclude that the increase in erythrocytic vesicles in the neonate may not simply be an indication of hyposplenism, but a reflection of increased vesicle formation which overwhelms the clearance capability of the spleen. PMID- 3205628 TI - Hypotonia of rickets: a sequential study by P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - To address the role of high-energy phosphorus compounds in the hypotonia of vitamin D-dependent rickets, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were obtained sequentially from resting gastrocnemius muscle of a 10-month-old infant with rachitic hypotonia during supplementation with vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus. During the initial weeks of treatment, the hypotonia resolved before evidence of epiphyseal mineralization. Over the early treatment period, the muscle phosphocreatine/beta-adenosine triphosphate [PCr/beta-ATP] ratio increased from 2.7-2.8 [wk 1-2] to 3.9-4.5 [wk 7-9]. The PCr/beta-ATP ratio for 6-month-old normal infant gastrocnemius and adult forearm were 4.0 and 5.7, respectively. Muscle strength appeared to recover concomitantly with an increase in retained muscle phosphorus and high-energy phosphate compounds, and with relative increase in the muscle phosphocreatine to ATP ratio. The synchrony of clinical recovery may relate to the recovery kinetics of these metabolic changes. PMID- 3205629 TI - Biochemical and morphologic aspects of peroxisomes in the human rectal mucosa: diagnosis of Zellweger syndrome simplified by rectal biopsy. AB - Rectal mucosa biopsy specimens from five controls and three infants with Zellweger syndrome were investigated morphologically and biochemically to elucidate peroxisomal structure and functions in the human rectal mucosa and to develop a simple method for an early postnatal diagnosis of peroxisomal deficiency disorders. After the alkaline 3,3'-diaminobenzidine reaction, peroxisomes of the rectal mucosa from the controls could be identified, electron microscopically, but not light microscopically. However, they were strongly stained using an immunoenzyme technique applied to semi-thin Epon sections and then were clearly visible under the light microscope. However, no positive granules were observed in the specimens of infants with Zellweger syndrome, using either of the two staining techniques. On immunoblot analysis, immunoreactive proteins of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase were present in rectal mucosae from the controls; however, these enzyme proteins were not detected in tissues from the patients. Activity of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase was detectable in rectal mucosae from the controls, whereas in those from infants with Zellweger syndrome, the activity of this enzyme was greatly reduced. These observations indicate that the peroxisomal structure and multiple functions are present in the rectal mucosa and that rectal biopsy is of potential value for the early and less invasive detection of Zellweger syndrome and other peroxisomal disorders. PMID- 3205630 TI - The concentration of the 35-kDa surfactant apoprotein in amniotic fluid from normal and diabetic pregnancies. AB - A specific, enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay was used to determine the concentration of the 35,000 mol wt surfactant apoprotein (SP-A) in samples of amniotic fluid obtained from nondiabetic (n = 358) and diabetic (n = 29) women. The enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay was performed with rabbit antibodies directed against SP-A present in lavage fluid from a patient with alveolar proteinosis. Amniotic fluid SP-A concentrations increased as a function of gestational age, from less than 3 micrograms/ml at 30-31 wk to 24 micrograms/ml at 40-41 wk, and were positively correlated with the lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio (p less than 0.01). SP-A concentrations also increased as a function of gestational age in shake test positive samples (p less than 0.05), but were unchanged in shake test-negative samples. There was no difference in the surfactant apoprotein concentration of male compared with female fetuses at any gestational age. In amniotic fluid obtained from 20 diabetic women, SP-A levels were significantly less than in nondiabetic pregnancies that were matched for gestational age and sex of the fetus (p less than 0.05). The SP-A concentrations in amniotic fluids obtained from nine women who were diabetic and hypertensive and from 10 hypertensive women were not different from matched controls. The relationships described above were valid whether the SP-A concentration was expressed per mg protein or per ml amniotic fluid. These data are suggestive that the concentration of amniotic fluid SP-A is decreased in diabetic pregnancies. PMID- 3205631 TI - Trichloroethylene: a cardiac teratogen in developing chick embryos. AB - Prior studies have evaluated the teratogenicity of TCE, a contaminant of drinking water. However, none specifically examined effects of TCE on cardiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine if TCE is a cardiac teratogen in early embryogenesis in an avian model. Fertile White Leghorn chicken eggs were incubated under standard conditions. At stage 6, 12, 18, or 23, TCE, in concentrations of 5 to 25 microM (2 to 28 micrograms/g body weight) was injected into the air space of the egg (vol = 0.03 ml). Mineral oil and saline served as control solutions. For this double-blinded study, solutions were coded and remained so until all observations were made and recorded. Embryonic hearts (n = 1055) were examined at stage 29, 34, or 44. Gross examination was performed, followed by microdissection. Cardiac malformations were found in 7.3% of TCE treated hearts, compared to 2.3% of saline controls (p less than 0.01), and 1.5% of mineral oil controls (p less than 0.001). No significant difference in incidence of malformations was found when comparing saline and mineral oil controls. Cardiac defects include septal defects, cor biloculare, conotruncal abnormalities, atrioventricular canal defects, and abnormal cardiac muscle. These data demonstrate that TCE is a cardiac teratogen in an avian model. PMID- 3205632 TI - Interaction of heart rate and respiration in newborn babies. AB - Variability of heart rate (HRV) and transthoracic electric impedance respirogram (TEZ) were examined by spectral analysis in three groups of neonates: healthy term babies (22), healthy preterm babies (21), and preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (11). Heart rate, TEZ, PtcO2, and PtcCO2 were monitored during quiet sleep on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day of postnatal life. Autospectra for trend-corrected segments of heart rate and TEZ as well as their cross-spectral density was in less than 0.2 Hz [low frequency (LF)] area (less than 12 cycles/min) in all the neonates. Intergroup comparisons of average band integrated spectra revealed that the LF spectral density of HRV was greater in the term babies than in the preterm babies on day 3. In the babies with RDS, both LF and high-frequency (HF, greater than 0.2 Hz) were abnormally low throughout the study. In the term infants, the TEZ amplitude spectrum was flat on day 1. On later days, a peak corresponding to the average respiratory rate emerged. In the healthy preterm babies, there was a LF peak in TEZ autospectrum on all days. In the babies with RDS, the peak of ventilator frequency was initially present; finally, the respiratory activity accumulated in the LF area. In the cross spectra of term babies, there was a LF peak on all days. On day 5, an additional HF peak appeared, representing respiratory sinus arrhythmia. In the healthy preterm babies, only a LF peak was present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205633 TI - Luminal antisecretory effects of a beta-casomorphin analogue on rabbit ileum treated with cholera toxin. AB - Because the physiologic significance of the presence of the opioid peptides beta casomorphins (beta-CMs) in enzymatic digestion of milk proteins is still undetermined, the effect of the nonmetabolized beta-CM analogue beta [DAla2,4,Tyr5]CM-5-NH2 on water and electrolyte movements was studied in vivo and in vitro in rabbit ileum untreated or treated with cholera toxin (CT). When this analogue was introduced in vivo at a concentration of 10(-3) M into the lumen of rabbit ileal loops, it significantly stimulated net water absorption in untreated loops and reduced net water secretion in CT-treated loops. In vitro addition of this analogue (10(-4) M) to the serosal compartment of untreated ileum in an Ussing chamber reduced Isc (delta Isc = 0.44 +/- 0.05 muEq.h-1/cm2) and stimulated net Na and Cl absorption to the same extent. In CT-treated ileum, both serosal (10(-4) M) and mucosal (5.10(-4) M) addition of the analogue did not further modify the rise in Isc caused by CT but also stimulated net Na and Cl absorption. On the mucosal side, the effect of the analogue was accompanied by its transfer from the luminal to the blood side of the tissue. The transferred analogue was intact as shown by HPLC (Jm----s = 2.4 +/- 0.8 nmol.h-1/cm2). These results demonstrated that the beta-CM analogue stimulates intestinal absorption of electrolytes in rabbit ileum both in the basal state and after its stimulation by CT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3205634 TI - [New dietetic products and their use in pediatric practice]. PMID- 3205635 TI - [Follow-up of patients with food allergy after antioxidant therapy]. PMID- 3205636 TI - [Risk factors in the development of diabetic complications in children]. PMID- 3205637 TI - [Thyroid function in children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3205638 TI - [Glucocorticoid function of the adrenals and indicators of anti-infection protection in infants with pneumonia]. PMID- 3205639 TI - [Early diagnosis of diabetic microangiopathies in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3205641 TI - [Complex evaluation of microcirculatory disorders in obese children]. PMID- 3205640 TI - [Humoral immunity, phagocytosis and salivary lysozyme in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3205642 TI - [Functional status of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal system in girls of pubertal age in diffuse toxic goiter and hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3205643 TI - [Variants of Macleod's syndrome in children]. PMID- 3205644 TI - [Value of determining myoglobin and creatine phosphokinase levels in the evaluation of the cardiovascular status in children with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 3205645 TI - [Possibilities of bronchoscopy in the treatment of acute destructive pneumonia and in the prevention of its complications]. PMID- 3205646 TI - [Hemoperfusion during resuscitation of children with toxic pneumonia]. PMID- 3205647 TI - [Individual characteristics and effects of spasmolytics in relation to the oxidation phenotype of the marker preparation amidopyrine in children with digestive and respiratory diseases]. PMID- 3205648 TI - [Differential microcalorimetry in the diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory diseases in newborn infants]. PMID- 3205649 TI - [Physical culture in the prevention and therapy of diseases in children]. PMID- 3205650 TI - [Decompressive volume load as a method of evaluating the functional reserves of the heart]. PMID- 3205651 TI - [The main indications for conducting diurnal (Holter) ECG monitoring in children]. PMID- 3205652 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of periodic disease in children]. PMID- 3205653 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of periodic disease in children]. PMID- 3205654 TI - [Socioeconomic aspects of malignant neoplasms in children]. PMID- 3205655 TI - [Obstructive syndrome in children with respiratory diseases]. PMID- 3205656 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of bacterial thrombosis of the cavernous sinus in children]. PMID- 3205657 TI - [Tracheal bronchus in a child]. PMID- 3205658 TI - [Analysis of phenotypic variability of Zimmermann-Laband syndrome]. PMID- 3205659 TI - [Diagnostic criteria of the cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome or Pena-Shokeir II syndrome]. PMID- 3205660 TI - [Oligomeganephronia in an adolescent]. PMID- 3205661 TI - [Treatment of cervical myositis in children]. PMID- 3205662 TI - [Development of the personality of a physician-pediatrician]. PMID- 3205663 TI - WestFailures (2): Hardly hearing. PMID- 3205664 TI - On a changing perspective illusion within Vermeer's The Music Lesson. AB - The effect of line of sight on the perception of spatial configuration has been investigated in a well-known painting (The Music Lesson by Vermeer) and in two control patterns. In experiment 1, subjects indicated the perceived inclination of two major contours which defined the sidewall-floor and backwall-floor joints in (i) a projected image of the painting, (ii) a three-line representation of the major spatial elements of the painting, and (iii) a three-dimensional wire model of these same contours, when standing in each of eighteen positions on a line running parallel to the surface of the screen. Results indicated a significant change in the perception of the sidewall-floor, but not of the backwall-floor contour, as viewing angle changed, in both the painting and the three-line representation. However, the angular setting in the latter case was significantly less than when the painting was used, ie subjects underestimated the depicted inclination. Settings for the wire model did not deviate with viewing angle and reflected geometrically correct adjustments. In experiment 2, the results of experiment 1 were confirmed using enantiomorphs. These findings are discussed in the light of other view-dependent illusions in paintings. PMID- 3205665 TI - A simple optical method for producing two identical stimuli moving in opposite directions. AB - A problem in experiments on adaptation to moving stimuli is the tendency of subjects to track the stimuli visually, which can complicate results. A simple optical method is described which eliminates this tendency by presenting two identical stimuli moving in opposite directions. PMID- 3205666 TI - The apparent size of three-dimensional objects and their silhouettes: a solid superiority effect. AB - A solid object looks larger than its outline or silhouette under many viewing conditions. This solid-superiority effect may result from the assimilation or confusion of visual contours within the projection of a three-dimensional object on the picture plane. An aspect of the Muller-Lyer illusion may also play a role. PMID- 3205667 TI - Perceptual alternations in stereokinesis. AB - When a flat ellipse is slowly rotated in the frontoparallel plane, two different 3-D percepts can be obtained: (i) a rigid circular disc tilting back and forth in 3-D space, and (ii) an elongated egg, slanted into 3-D space, whose end parts seem to be located at different distances from the observer and describe a circular trajectory with respect to the frontal plane. Under prolonged observation, the two 3-D percepts alternate in time, separated by brief intervals in which either the rotation of a rigid flat ellipse in the frontal plane or an amoeba-like distortion of a 2-D shape can be perceived. An experiment is reported in which the sequence of perceptual alternations was investigated. Results show that the 3-D disc is mostly preceded by impressions of elastic amoeba-like deformations, whereas the 3-D egg is mostly preceded by the percept of a rotating flat ellipse. Direct transitions from egg to disc are not as frequent as transitions from disc to egg. Results are discussed in relation to Braunstein and Andersen's hypothesis that phenomena of this sort might result from the stimulation of automatic mechanisms for perceiving size change (changing-size neutral channels). PMID- 3205668 TI - The concave cusp as a determiner of figure-ground. AB - The tendency to interpret as figure, relative to background, those regions that are lighter, smaller, and, especially, more convex is well known. Wherever convex opaque objects abut or partially occlude one another in an image, the points of contact between the silhouettes form concave cusps, each indicating the local assignment of figure versus ground across the contour segments. It is proposed that this local geometric feature is a preattentive determiner of figure-ground perception and that it contributes to the previously observed tendency for convexity preference. Evidence is presented that figure-ground assignment can be determined solely on the basis of the concave cusp feature, and that the salience of the cusp derives from local geometry and not from adjacent contour convexity. PMID- 3205669 TI - Looking at faces: first-order and second-order features as determinants of facial appearance. AB - The encoding and relative importance of first-order (discrete) and second-order (configural) features in mental representations of unfamiliar faces have been investigated. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (KYST) was carried out on similarity judgments of forty-one photographs of faces (homogeneous with respect to sex, race, facial expression, and, to a lesser extent, age). A large set of ratings, measurements, and ratios of measurements of the faces was regressed against the three-dimensional KYST solution in order to determine the first-order and second-order features used to judge similarity. Parameters characterizing both first-order and second-order features emerged as important determinants of facial similarity. First-order feature parameters characterizing the appearance of the eyes, eyebrows, and mouth, and second-order feature parameters characterizing the position of the eyes, spatial relations between the internal features, and chin shape correlated with the dimensions of the KYST solution. There was little difference in the extent to which first-order and second-order features were encoded. Two higher-level parameters, age and weight, were also used to judge similarity. The implications of these results for mental representations of faces are discussed. PMID- 3205670 TI - Effect of stationary objects on illusory forward self-motion induced by a looming display. AB - It has previously been shown that when a moving and a stationary display are superimposed, illusory self-rotation (circular vection) is induced only when the moving display appears as the background. Three experiments are reported on the extent to which illusory forward self-motion (forward vection) induced by a looming display is inhibited by a superimposed stationary display as a function of the size and location of the stationary display and of the depth between the stationary and looming displays. Results showed that forward vection was controlled by the display that was perceived as the background, and background stationary displays suppressed forward vection by about the same amount whatever their size and eccentricity. Also, the perception of foreground-background properties of competing displays determined which controlled forward vection, and this control was not tied to specific depth cues. The inhibitory effect of a stationary background on forward vection was, however, weaker than that found with circular vection. This difference makes sense because, for forward body motion, the image of a distant scene is virtually stationary whereas, when the body rotates, it is not. PMID- 3205671 TI - The corner Poggendorff. AB - With the classic Poggendorff illusion a set of parallel 'induction lines' will cause a set of oblique line segments to look misaligned even though they are collinear. A different kind of misalignment can be produced by placing the induction lines so that they form a corner. Under these conditions the obliques will appear to be angled slightly, one relative to the other. The effects are small, but can be seen and reliably reported by a group of naive subjects. The influence of the induction lines drops sharply as their relative position is moved from parallel to orthogonal, but there is a small residual influence which may be called the corner Poggendorff effect. PMID- 3205672 TI - Visual stimulation affects the perception of voluntary leg movements during walking. AB - When a limb is used for locomotion, patterns of afferent and efferent activity related to its own motion are present as well as visual, vestibular, and other proprioceptive information about motion of the whole body. A study is reported in which it was asked whether visual stimulation present during whole-body motion can influence the perception of the leg movements propelling the body. Subjects were tested in conditions in which the stepping movements they made were identical but the amount of body displacement relative to inertial space and to the visual surround varied. These test conditions were created by getting the subjects to walk on a rotatable platform centered inside a large, independently rotatable, optokinetic drum. In each test condition, subjects, without looking at their legs, compared, against a standard condition in which the floor and drum were both stationary, their speed of body motion, their stride length and stepping rate, the direction of their steps, and the perceived force they exerted during stepping. When visual surround motion was incompatible with the motion normally associated with the stepping movements being made, changes in apparent body motion and in the awareness of the frequency, extent, and direction of the voluntary stepping movements resulted. PMID- 3205673 TI - Psychophysical evidence for an extrastriate contribution to a pattern-selective motion aftereffect. AB - A stationary vertical test grating appears to drift to the left after adaptation to an inducing grating drifting to the right, this being known as the motion aftereffect (MAE). Pattern-specific motion aftereffects (PSMAEs) induced by superimposed pairs of gratings in which the component gratings drift up and down but the observer sees a single coherent plaid drifting to the right have been investigated. Two experiments are reported in which it is demonstrated that the PSMAE is tuned more to the motion of the pattern than to the orientation and direction of motion of the component gratings. However, when subjects adapt to the component gratings in alternation, aftereffect magnitude is dependent upon the individual grating orientations and motion directions. These results can be interpreted in terms of extrastriate contributions to the PSMAE, possibly arising from the middle temporal area, where some cells, unlike those in striate cortex (V1), are tuned to pattern motion rather than to component motion. PMID- 3205674 TI - Ratio judgments of empty durations with numeric scales. AB - A study is reported on the perception of empty time intervals marked by auditory signals. Nakajima's supplement hypothesis, which states that the subjective duration of a subjectively empty time interval is proportional to its physical duration plus a constant of approximately 80 ms, was examined quantitatively. Although this hypothesis has been used to explain various general aspects of time perception, from a global viewpoint, it has lacked the quantitative data necessary to describe the shape of the psychophysical functions mathematically. In the present study, subjects used two positive numbers to estimate the subjective ratio (m:n) between the durations of two serial or separate empty intervals. The psychophysical functions for empty durations 50-600 ms long could be approximated by a straight line with a positive gamma-intercept, as predicted by the hypothesis. The effective range of the hypothesis could be extended to approximately 1200 ms. A power function (without any modifications) also gave good approximations. The reliability and validity of the supplement hypothesis are discussed. PMID- 3205675 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nalidixic acid in man: hydroxylation and glucuronidation. AB - Nalidixic acid is metabolized by hydroxylation to 7-hydroxymethylnalidixic acid[[ and then by oxidation to 7-carboxynalidixic acid.[[ The half-lives of the two elimination phases of nalidixic acid are 0.75 and 2.5 h. The apparent half-lives of the metabolite 7-hydroxymethylnalidixic acid are 2.5 and 5.5 h. Plasma protein binding of nalidixic acid is 95% and that of 7-hydroxymethylnalidixic acid 65%. The renal clearance of nalidixic acid varies between 2 and 25 ml/min and that of 7-hydroxymethylnalidixic acid between 37 and 162 ml/min. Of nalidixic acid 42% is glucuronidated and 40% hydroxylated. Of the hydroxy metabolite 57% is glucuronidated and 32% excreted unchanged. 7-Carboxynalidixic acid is excreted in the urine and is not glucuronidated. The variations in the glucuronidation/hydroxylation ratio of nalidixic acid and the glucuronidation/renal excretion ratio of the 7-hydroxymethyl metabolite belong to a normal distribution. PMID- 3205677 TI - Effect of cyclodextrins on anthracycline stability in acidic aqueous media. AB - The effect of cyclodextrins on the stability of six anthracyclines in acidic medium at 50 degrees C has been investigated using a stability-indicating high pressure liquid chromatographic method. The influences of various parameters, such as the structure of cyclodextrins (alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin and gamma-cyclodextrin) and anthracyclines, cyclodextrin concentration, the pH and the presence of a co-solvent, are investigated. Lineweaver-Burk plots were used to calculate the stability constants of the various inclusion complexes as well as the rate constants for degradation of the anthracycline guest molecules in the complexes with the host cyclodextrins. Anthracyclines complexate only with gamma-cyclodextrin to a substantial extent. On complexation the stability of the guest molecule increases, however, the degradation pattern does not alter. The influence of the pH on the degradation of the included molecule is identical to that of the free drug. Addition of co-solvents, such as acetonitrile, causes decomposition of the complex. PMID- 3205676 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral cyclophosphamide in the presence of methotrexate and fluorouracil. AB - Cyclophosphamide was administered to 12 breast cancer patients in combination with methotrexate and fluorouracil. Doses prescribed were cyclophosphamide 75 mg/m2, methotrexate 30 mg/m2 and fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 (per square meter body surface). Cyclophosphamide was administered intravenously and orally in aqueous solutions and in tablets in a randomized cross-over trial. Methotrexate and fluorouracil were administered intravenously, methotrexate was given first and then fluorouracil. Assays of cyclophosphamide in blood plasma were performed by capillary gas chromatography. Data of mean bioavailability of cyclophosphamide administered by tablets were suggestive of sufficient absorption. In 2 patients, however, a lower bioavailability of cyclophosphamide was demonstrated. Intra individual differences in the terminal slope of the plasma decay curves after intravenous and oral administration in some patients decreased the calculated bioavailability of cyclophosphamide, if these values were included in the calculation of cyclophosphamide bioavailability. Compared with the administration of the solutions peak times, lag-times and mean absorption times of cyclophosphamide given in tablets were markedly prolonged. It is concluded that interactions between cyclophosphamide and methotrexate and/or fluorouracil after oral dosing as tablets are different from interactions observed after intravenous administration of cyclosphosphamide. PMID- 3205679 TI - Pharmacology meeting. Dutch Society of Pharmacology. Utrecht (The Netherlands), 9 November/7 December 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3205678 TI - Gamma irradiation of Sennae Folium. Microbiological and phytochemical studies. AB - The effect of different doses of gamma irradiation on senna leaves was studied. No changes in sennoside content and composition were observed after irradiation with 25 kGy. It was demonstrated that a minimum dose of 10 kGy was necessary to obtain a product of good microbiological quality. Cold maceration of senna leaves has to be discouraged, because of unavoidable microbial growth. Hot extraction is the method of choice for tea preparation. The rationale of gamma irradiation is discussed. PMID- 3205680 TI - The ethics of care and the ethics of cure: synthesis in chronicity. PMID- 3205681 TI - An ethic of caring/curing/nursing qua nursing: introduction. PMID- 3205683 TI - Discussion group summary: the ethics of care and cure with chronically ill children. PMID- 3205682 TI - Discussion group summary. Setting the limits: medical goals in an aging society. PMID- 3205684 TI - Discussion group summary: how do you feel at age 84? Caring about the experience of aging. PMID- 3205685 TI - Discussion group summary: ethical dilemmas in the clinical setting--time constraints, conflicts in interprofessional decision making. PMID- 3205686 TI - Discussion group summary: family and community dimensions of the ethics of care with chronically ill persons. PMID- 3205687 TI - Covenant without cure: letting go and holding on in chronic illness. PMID- 3205688 TI - Discussion group summary: when caring doesn't mean curing. PMID- 3205689 TI - Criteria for the evaluation of diploma programs in nursing. PMID- 3205690 TI - [Viruses and arthritis]. PMID- 3205691 TI - [What happens to gastric surgery?]. PMID- 3205692 TI - [Demonstration of antigens by means of light microscopy and electron microscopy]. PMID- 3205693 TI - [Prostatic cancer--examination and treatment]. PMID- 3205694 TI - [Differences with respect to treatment of acute or chronic pain]. PMID- 3205695 TI - [Laboratory tests in primary health service. 2. Use of tests in frequent clinical problems]. PMID- 3205696 TI - [International multicentre trials. Practical experiences o planning and executing]. PMID- 3205697 TI - [Examination and treatment of involuntary childlessness]. PMID- 3205698 TI - [Psychosocial support to childless couples in Finland. Don't forget the husband in infertility treatment]. PMID- 3205699 TI - [Sperm quality--a question on number, shape or content?]. PMID- 3205700 TI - [Fragile X syndrome--the most frequent hereditary type of mental retardation]. PMID- 3205701 TI - [HIV brain damage--a growing neurologic problem]. PMID- 3205702 TI - [Magnetic resonance in cardiology--status and perspectives]. PMID- 3205703 TI - [Ambulatory pediatric surgery. A 5-year retrospective study]. PMID- 3205704 TI - [Acute alcohol and drug poisoning in forensic material from Arhus and Oslo]. PMID- 3205705 TI - ANA President urges empowerment of staff nurses. PMID- 3205707 TI - AIDS antibody testing required for boxers in Nevada. PMID- 3205706 TI - Computers in nursing: basic applications of PCs. PMID- 3205708 TI - A systematic problem-oriented approach to the comprehensive diagnosis. PMID- 3205709 TI - Test your diagnostic ability. PMID- 3205710 TI - Maxillofacial imaging: the radiological diagnosis of craniomandibular disorders. PMID- 3205711 TI - Improving the performance of the office sterilizer. PMID- 3205712 TI - Test your diagnostic ability. PMID- 3205713 TI - Structure and expression of the U5 snRNA gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. Conserved upstream sequence elements in plant U-RNA genes. AB - We have previously characterized the U2 small nuclear (sn) RNA gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana. To find out the structural features of upstream and downstream non-coding regions that are shared by different U-RNA genes in higher plants we have isolated the gene encoding a 125 nt-long U5 snRNA of Arabidopsis. Activity of the cloned gene was demonstrated in stably transformed tobacco calli and by transient expression in transfected protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Southern analysis indicated that the Arabidopsis genome contains 8-9 copies of the U5 gene. Alignment of upstream non-coding regions revealed two elements conserved between all plant U-RNA genes characterized so far: the sequence RTCCCACATCG (-70/-80 region, 100% conservation) and the TATA homology around position -30. The coding regions in all genes are followed by the sequence CAN4-9AGTN (A/T)AA which may correspond to a termination and/or processing signal. PMID- 3205714 TI - A novel nuclear transcription system which responds correctly to cloned estrogen receptor. AB - We describe here a novel but simple nuclear transcription system in which nuclei make RNA in an isotonic buffer for a long time and respond to a cloned external factor by accurately initiating new transcription. PMID- 3205715 TI - Transient expression of heterologous RNAs using tomato golden mosaic virus. AB - The genome of the geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) consists of two circular DNA molecules designated as components A and B. The A component contains the only virally-encoded function required for autonomous replication in infected plant cells. We used agroinoculation of petunia leaf discs with the A component to develop a transient expression system which permits direct examination of viral transcripts by S1 nuclease protection. The AR1 gene, which encodes the TGMV coat protein, was transcribed transiently in leaf discs after agroinoculation of TGMV a DNA. Synthesis of AR1 RNA was dependent on T-DNA transfer and TGMV DNA replication, demonstrating that it is a plant transcription product. The AL open reading frames of TGMV A were also expressed transiently in leaf discs. The ratio between AR1 RNA and the major leftward RNA was constant and was used to normalize AR1 transcription for viral DNA copy number. The bacterial genes encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) were transiently expressed in leaf discs from the AR1 promoter in TGMV A. The levels of AR1 and GUS RNAs were similar in leaf discs after adjusting for viral DNA copy number, while CAT RNA was less abundant. The geminivirus transient expression system allows rapid analysis of RNAs transcribed from foreign genes and can serve as a preliminary screen in the construction of transgenic plants. PMID- 3205716 TI - Detection of a nuclear protein that interacts with a metal regulatory element of the mouse metallothionein 1 gene. AB - Metallothionein (MT) genes contain multiple metal regulatory elements (MREs) that are responsible for metal induction. A protein blotting procedure and a synthetic oligonucleotide have been used to identify nuclear factors interacting with a MRE (MREd) of the mouse MT-1 gene. We report the specific binding of the probe to a protein of apparent Mr 108,000 (p108). The specificity of the interaction was demonstrated by mutation analysis and competition experiments. Furthermore, the probe contains the Sp1 consensus binding sequence 5'CCGCCC3', in addition to the MRE consensus sequence, 5'TGCAC3', and we show that a Simian Virus 40 DNA fragment which contains six Sp1 binding sites did not bind p108 nor did it compete for the protein(s) interacting with MREd in a DNA footprinting assay. These results show that a metal regulatory element of the mouse MT-1 gene interacts specifically with a nuclear protein of Mr 108,000 and that this protein is distinct from the transcription factor Sp1. PMID- 3205718 TI - Nuclear matrix associated DNA is preferentially repaired in normal human fibroblasts, exposed to a low dose of ultraviolet light but not in Cockayne's syndrome fibroblasts. AB - In this study we addressed the questions as to whether repair is confined to the nuclear matrix compartment, analogous to replication and transcription and how repair events are distributed in DNA loops associated with the nuclear matrix. Pulse labelling of ultraviolet (254 nm) irradiated confluent human fibroblasts revealed that repair was preferentially located in nuclear matrix associated DNA in cells exposed to 5 J/m2. However, in cells exposed to 30 J/m2 repair approached a random distribution. The non-random distribution of repair label at 5 J/m2 was most pronounced directly after irradiation and gradually changed to a more random distribution within two hours after treatment. The results of pulse chase experiments exclude the possibility of transient binding of repair sites to the matrix and favour the model of preferential repair of DNA sequences permanently associated with the nuclear matrix. Pronounced differences in distribution pattern of repair events in DNA loops were found among normal and UV sensitive cell lines exposed to 5 J/m2. Repair in nuclear matrix associated DNA was 1.7 fold more efficient than in loop DNA in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum group D cells and over 3 fold in xeroderma pigmentosum group C cells. In Cockayne's syndrome fibroblasts repair in nuclear matrix DNA was found to be 2 fold less efficient than in loop DNA. This heterogeneity in distribution of repair correlates well with preferential removal of pyrimidine dimers from transcriptionally active DNA in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum group C cells and its absence in Cockayne's syndrome cells as recently reported by Mayne et al., 1988. The results suggest that Cockayne's syndrome cells have a defect in excision of UV-damage from transcriptionally active genes located proximal to the nuclear matrix. Xeroderma pigmentosum group C cells may possess a defect in DNA repair associated with chromatin regions outside transcriptionally active DNA. PMID- 3205717 TI - An embryonic DNA-binding protein specific for a region of the human IFN beta 1 promoter. AB - Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are unable to make interferon in response to inducing agents. This block disappears after differentiation. We have found that nuclear extracts from undifferentiated P19 EC cells contain a DNA-binding activity which specifically recognizes a region within the human interferon-beta 1 promoter. This activity is absent from differentiated cell types, both of EC and non-EC origin. The binding of the factor in undifferentiated EC cells leads to dramatic changes in the overall protein binding pattern of the interferon promoter as compared with differentiated cells, and may be responsible for repression of the endogenous interferon-beta gene prior to differentiation. PMID- 3205719 TI - The Xenopus laevis ribosomal gene promoter contains a binding site for nuclear factor-1. AB - Nuclear Factor I (NF1) is a DNA binding protein that is known to function in the replication of Adeno virus and also binds to many promoters recognized by RNA polymerase II. We have found that there is also an NF1 binding site within the ribosomal gene promoter from Xenopus laevis as well as in several other promoters recognized by RNA polymerase I. The function of a binding site for a polymerase II transcription factor within a promoter recognized by polymerase I is not known. However, its presence suggests interesting regulatory possibilities. PMID- 3205720 TI - Identification of psiB genes of plasmids F and R6-5. Molecular basis for psiB enhanced expression in plasmid R6-5. AB - PsiB protein of plasmid R6-5 inhibits the induction of the SOS pathway. The F sex factor also carries a psiB gene homologous to that of R6-5. Yet, it fails to inhibit SOS induction. In order to solve this difference, we characterized the psiB genes of R6-5 and F. We found that (i) the sequences of the two psiB genes share extensive homology the predicted amino acid sequences of the two proteins differing by 5 residues, (ii) the expression of R6-5 psiB is 4 times higher than F psiB gene, (iii) in plasmid R6-5, a Tn10 transposon upstream from the psiB gene enhances psiB expression. Hence, the F sex factor may be unable to prevent SOS induction for two non-exclusive reasons: (i) F PsiB protein, being slightly different from R6-5, may be less active, (ii) the level of synthesis of F PsiB protein may be insufficient to prevent SOS induction. PMID- 3205721 TI - An upstream enhancer and a negative element in the 5' flanking region of the human urokinase plasminogen activator gene. AB - The 5' flanking region of the human urokinase (uPA) gene has been fused to the reporter chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene and its activity assayed by transfection in two human cell lines. Progressive deletions of the uPA regulatory region from the 5' end maintain a high level of expression provided at least 1870 (in A1251 cells) or 1963 (in HFS10 cells) nucleotides of the 5' flanking region are retained. A DNA fragment from -2350 to -1824 has enhancer properties, stimulating transcription of an enhancerless SV40 early promoter independently of orientation and distance. Internal deletions that still retain the enhancer element reveal the presence of negative cis-acting sequences between -1824 and -1572. Their removal, in fact, increases uPA transcriptional activity. Differences of expression of the uPA-CAT fusion genes in the two cell lines are also observed, indicating the presence of cell-specific cis-acting sequences. PMID- 3205722 TI - A related moderately repetitive DNA family in the nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides and Panagrellus silusiae. AB - Digestion of genomic DNA from the nematodes Panagrellus silusiae and Ascaris lumbricoides with restriction endonuclease BamH1 releases a 0.7 kilobase (kb) fragment. The 0.7 kb fragment from both nematodes was cloned onto E. coli plasmid pUC19. Using representative clones as DNA hybridization probes, it was found that (i) the BamH1 fragments cross-hybridize; (ii) a ladder-effect with multiples of 0.7 kb was evident in both species after hybridization to genomic DNA and (iii) the genomic copy number of BamH1 elements is 150 and 195 for P. silusiae and A. lumbricoides respectively. DNA sequence analysis of the inserts, AL700-1 and PS700-1, revealed nucleotide blocks with over 85% similarity. No open reading frames are present in either DNA fragment. Neither fragment hybridizes to genomic DNA from Caenorhabditis elegans. Northern blot hybridization indicated that the 0.7 kb element is transcribed into poly(A)(-)-RNA in P. silusiae; but, is not transcribed in adult Ascaris muscle. Thus, P. silusiae and A. lumbricoides share a homologous, tandemly arrayed, moderately repetitive DNA family. PMID- 3205723 TI - Assessment of methods for covalent binding of nucleic acids to magnetic beads, Dynabeads, and the characteristics of the bound nucleic acids in hybridization reactions. AB - Dynabeads are magnetic monosized beads with high stability, high uniformity, unique paramagnetic properties, low particle-particle interaction, and high dispersibility. Different reactive groups; hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups can be attached to the surface. Several methods for covalent attachment of DNA or oligonucleotides to the beads were investigated. Best coupling yields were obtained by carbodiimide-mediated end-attachment of 5'-phosphate and 5'-NH2 modified nucleic acids to respectively amino and carboxyl beads. The carboxyl beads showed a low degree of non-specific binding, while a better yield of end attached nucleic acids was obtained using the amino beads. The DNA-beads worked efficiently in hybridization experiments, and the kinetics of hybridization approach those of solution hybridization. PMID- 3205724 TI - Nucleotide sequence of bovine acidic fibroblast growth factor cDNA. PMID- 3205725 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a developmentally regulated Dictyostelium discoideum endogenous plasmid gene and 5' flanking region. PMID- 3205726 TI - DNA sequencing using Taq polymerase. PMID- 3205727 TI - Organization and sequence of the compact rDNA spacer of the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei. PMID- 3205728 TI - Sequence of mGK-11, a mouse glandular kallikrein gene. PMID- 3205729 TI - Sequence and secondary structure of Porphyra umbilicalis 5S rRNA. Relevance for the evolutionary origin of red algae. PMID- 3205730 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the rat muscle acetylcholine receptor epsilon-subunit. PMID- 3205731 TI - Sequence of the rat serine dehydratase gene. PMID- 3205732 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai IC1 entomocidal crystal protein gene. PMID- 3205733 TI - The nucleotide sequence of potato virus X RNA. PMID- 3205734 TI - Determination of contiguity of subclones using the polymerase chain reaction. PMID- 3205735 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the argT locus of Aeromonas hydrophila. PMID- 3205736 TI - Nucleotide sequence of 5S ribosomal RNAs from spore-forming lactic acid bacteria and Lactobacillus plantarum. PMID- 3205737 TI - Amplification of human minisatellites by the polymerase chain reaction: towards DNA fingerprinting of single cells. AB - Hypervariable minisatellites can be amplified from human DNA by the polymerase chain reaction, using primers from DNA flanking the minisatellite to amplify the entire block of tandem repeat units. Minisatellite alleles up to 5-10 kb long can be faithfully amplified. At least six minisatellite loci can be co-amplified from the same DNA sample and simultaneously detected to provide a reproducible and highly variable DNA fingerprint which can be obtained from nanogram quantities of human DNA. The polymerase chain reaction can also be used to analyse single target minisatellite molecules and single human cells, despite the appearance of spurious PCR products from some hypervariable loci. DNA fingerprinting at the level of one or a few cells therefore appears possible. PMID- 3205738 TI - Similar effects of adenovirus E1A and glucocorticoid hormones on the expression of the metalloprotease stromelysin. AB - The stromelysin (sml) gene encodes a secreted protease which degrades components of the extracellular matrix. Transformation of NRK49F cells by the E1A region of adenovirus (Ad) type 5 or 12 reduces sml RNA levels, whereas various growth factors or EJras-mediated transformation stimulate sml gene expression in these cells. Nuclear run-on experiments show that AdE1A, growth factors and EJras act on sml gene expression at the level of transcription. Although the sml gene is strongly suppressed in AdE1A-transformed cells, treatment with growth factors or transfection of EJras still causes a raise in sml mRNA levels, indicating that E1A does not block the induction mechanism itself. The effect of glucocorticoid hormones on sml gene expression is very similar to that of AdE1A, in that mRNA levels are lowered without affecting the induction phenomenon. This similarity may provide a clue to the mechanism by which AdE1A represses cellular gene activity. PMID- 3205739 TI - Erythroid specific activation of the Xenopus laevis adult alpha-globin promoter in transient heterokaryons. AB - Insertion of 1.5 kb of the 5' flanking region of the adult alpha-globin gene of X. laevis in front of the CAT structural gene promotes synthesis of CAT in transiently transfected X. laevis kidney cells. Fusion of transiently transfected kidney cells with erythroblasts isolated from anaemic frogs stimulates CAT expression 3-4 fold in the resulting transient heterokaryons. The stimulation is specific for the alpha-globin promoter and is obtained after fusion with erythroid cells but not with hepatocytes or kidney cells. Stably transfected kidney cells express drastically reduced CAT activity as compared with transiently transfected cells. Nevertheless, fusion of stably transfected kidney cells with erythroblasts leads to a 10-17 fold stimulation of CAT expression. The experiments suggest that erythroid specific transacting factors stimulate expression of CAT controlled by the adult alpha-globin promoter. PMID- 3205740 TI - Actinomycin D induced DNase I cleavage enhancement caused by sequence specific propagation of an altered DNA structure. AB - Two DNA hexadecamers containing one central 5'-GC-3' base step have been examined by footprinting methodology in the presence and absence of actinomycin D. The results of these studies, coupled with imino proton NMR measurements indicate that the antitumor drug causes a change in DNA conformation at a distance from the actinomycin intercalation site in a molecule of sequence d[ATATATAGCTATATAT] that does not occur in d[AAAAAAAGCTTTTTTT]. The experiments demonstrate that DNase I rate enhancements associated with actinomycin D binding are caused by ligand alteration of equilibrium DNA structure. PMID- 3205741 TI - Deletion screening of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus via multiplex DNA amplification. AB - The application of recombinant DNA technology to prenatal diagnosis of many recessively inherited X-linked diseases is complicated by a high frequency of heterogeneous, new mutations (1). Partial gene deletions account for more than 50% of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) lesions, and approximately one-third of all cases result from a new mutation (2-5). We report the isolation and DNA sequence of several deletion prone exons from the human DMD gene. We also describe a rapid method capable of detecting the majority of deletions in the DMD gene. This procedure utilizes simultaneous genomic DNA amplification of multiple widely separated sequences and should permit deletion scanning at any hemizygous locus. We demonstrate the application of this multiplex reaction for prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of DMD. PMID- 3205742 TI - Determination of secondary structure in the initiation region of ovalbumin mRNA. AB - We have analyzed the secondary structure in the region surrounding the initiation codons of both cellular and synthetic versions of ovalbumin mRNA. RNase V1 cleavage sites and structure-dependent, chemically modified bases in cellular ovalbumin mRNA were determined by reverse transcription of hen poly A(+) RNA using ovalbumin-specific, synthetic DNA primers. These results indicate an extensive region of unpaired nucleotides preceding the initiation codon and a region of base-paired nucleotides including and following the initiation codon. A synthetic ovalbumin mRNA (SP65.OV) was prepared by run-off transcription of a cloned ovalbumin cDNA (pSP65.OV). Identical regions of hen ovalbumin and SP65.OV mRNAs gave identical patterns of structure-dependent base modifications. A computer program for determining RNA secondary structure was used to find a 5' region structure for ovalbumin mRNA that is consistent with our data. PMID- 3205744 TI - Complete sequence of a cDNA encoding mouse MAP2. PMID- 3205743 TI - Xenopus transcription factor IIIA forms a complex of covalent character with 5S DNA. AB - The 5S gene-specific transcription factor TFIIIA forms an exceptionally stable complex with the internal promoter of the 5S RNA gene. Approximately 1 to 5% of TFIIIA-DNA or deoxyoligonucleotide complexes are stable to harsh denaturation conditions and can be resolved by electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. These complexes are resistant to acidic conditions (0.1 N HCl, 55 degrees C, 2h) suggesting that the interaction may be through a covalent bond. Complex formation does not result in DNA strand scission and studies of the chemical sensitivity of the complex suggest that the TFIIIA-DNA linkage may be through a phosphoramidate bond. Covalent complexes are formed with both the noncoding (RNA-like) and coding strands of the internal control region. The predominant sites of TFIIIA-DNA adducts have been mapped to the 3' end of the 5S gene internal control region, the region previously shown to exhibit essential guanine and phosphate contacts with TFIIIA. PMID- 3205745 TI - Construction of hygromycin-resistant retroviral cloning vectors. PMID- 3205746 TI - Nucleotide sequence of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mitochondrial genes coding for subunit 6 of NADH dehydrogenase and tRNATrp. PMID- 3205747 TI - Nucleotide sequence and encoded amino acid sequence of a genomic gene region for a low molecular weight glutenin. PMID- 3205748 TI - An expression cassette for targeting foreign proteins into chloroplasts. PMID- 3205749 TI - Nucleotide sequence of gene for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Rhodotorula rubra. PMID- 3205750 TI - cDNA and genomic cloning of yeast phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes reveal genomic intron deletions. PMID- 3205751 TI - A taste of freedom. PMID- 3205752 TI - Shift work. Punching the body clock. PMID- 3205753 TI - Shift work. Changing shift patterns. PMID- 3205754 TI - Shift work. Flexible friend. PMID- 3205755 TI - Making sense of stress and coronary heart disease. PMID- 3205756 TI - Acupuncture. The point of health. PMID- 3205757 TI - Acupuncture. Pinpointing the problems. PMID- 3205758 TI - Disposables. The case against re-use. PMID- 3205759 TI - Disposables. Disposing of danger. PMID- 3205760 TI - Recruit and retain. The emotional labour of nursing. PMID- 3205761 TI - Education. Managing change. PMID- 3205762 TI - Open all hours? PMID- 3205764 TI - Spotlight on children. Journal of the Association of British Paediatric Nurses. PMID- 3205763 TI - Code of conduct. An expensive claim. PMID- 3205765 TI - Spotlight on children. Partnership in practice. PMID- 3205766 TI - Spotlight on children. A wee success. PMID- 3205767 TI - Spotlight on children. A special branch. PMID- 3205769 TI - Getting the balance right. PMID- 3205768 TI - Leading lady. Interview by Janet Snell. PMID- 3205770 TI - Putting pay in its place. PMID- 3205771 TI - The best days of your life. PMID- 3205772 TI - Taking their own medicine. PMID- 3205773 TI - Conducive to change. PMID- 3205774 TI - How busy are you? PMID- 3205775 TI - Dark secret. PMID- 3205776 TI - Recruit and retain. Keeping in touch. PMID- 3205778 TI - Supplementary caring. PMID- 3205777 TI - The reality behind stress. PMID- 3205780 TI - Quest. Nursing Times' educational supplement. PMID- 3205779 TI - Systems of life. No. 165. Senior systems. 30. Locomotor system. PMID- 3205781 TI - Quest. A model for the future. PMID- 3205783 TI - Quest. The way forward. PMID- 3205782 TI - Quest. Vital links. PMID- 3205784 TI - Focus on AIDS. PMID- 3205785 TI - Expensive cutbacks. PMID- 3205786 TI - Mr Moore reaps the benefits. PMID- 3205787 TI - Type-casting. Is disease linked with personality? PMID- 3205789 TI - Developing potential. PMID- 3205788 TI - A short stopover. PMID- 3205790 TI - Satisfaction guaranteed. PMID- 3205791 TI - Recruit and retain. Good initiatives. PMID- 3205793 TI - How should we teach the nursing process? PMID- 3205792 TI - Contracture of the middle finger. PMID- 3205794 TI - Do you need your indemnity insurance? PMID- 3205795 TI - Buying peace of mind. PMID- 3205797 TI - Mental Health. The journal for psychiatric nurses. PMID- 3205796 TI - An ailing alternative? PMID- 3205798 TI - Mental Health. Dream or nightmare? PMID- 3205799 TI - Mental health. Worlds apart. PMID- 3205800 TI - Mental health. Educating for health. PMID- 3205802 TI - For the future of midwifery. Interview by Jane Feinmann. PMID- 3205801 TI - Reconstructing hope. PMID- 3205804 TI - A glimmer of sanity. PMID- 3205803 TI - Health at work. PMID- 3205805 TI - A helping hand for haemophiliacs. Interview by Toni Turner. PMID- 3205806 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. More than tea and sympathy. PMID- 3205807 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. Statistical signals. PMID- 3205809 TI - Primary nursing. The next challenge. PMID- 3205808 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. Chlamydia infection. PMID- 3205810 TI - Primary nursing. Viable reality or pipe dream? PMID- 3205811 TI - Recruit and retain. Managing a successful return. PMID- 3205812 TI - Baby admissions. PMID- 3205813 TI - Making sense of venous disorders of the leg. PMID- 3205814 TI - Freedom to wander. PMID- 3205815 TI - First-day nerves. PMID- 3205816 TI - The Journal of Infection Control Nursing. PMID- 3205817 TI - The Journal of Infection Control Nursing. Is it safe to lie down in hospital? PMID- 3205818 TI - The Journal of Infection Control Nursing. A pool of clean water. PMID- 3205819 TI - On the edge of poverty. PMID- 3205820 TI - A spur to equality. PMID- 3205821 TI - Strained relations. PMID- 3205822 TI - An adult nurse-ery rhyme. PMID- 3205824 TI - Nurses in danger. Servants of good health. PMID- 3205823 TI - The final journey. PMID- 3205825 TI - Systems of life. No. 166. Senior systems. 31. Locomotor system. 2--bone. PMID- 3205826 TI - Primary nursing. Achieving new roles. PMID- 3205827 TI - Token changes. PMID- 3205828 TI - Recruit and retain. Cultivating an interest in nursing. PMID- 3205829 TI - Arthritics education. PMID- 3205830 TI - Workshop for trainers of TBAs. PMID- 3205831 TI - Cancer pain control behaviors: description and correlation with pain intensity. PMID- 3205832 TI - A validity and reliability study of two tools for assessing and managing cancer pain. PMID- 3205833 TI - Care of the Groshong catheter. PMID- 3205834 TI - Cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. PMID- 3205835 TI - Radiation therapy nursing care record: a tool for documentation. PMID- 3205836 TI - Clinical trials: patient issues in the decision-making process. PMID- 3205837 TI - The potential role of vitamins A, C, and E and selenium in cancer prevention. PMID- 3205838 TI - Quality of life of adults receiving chemotherapy: a comparison of instruments. PMID- 3205839 TI - Informed consent: nursing issues and ethical dilemmas. PMID- 3205840 TI - Planning breast self-examination programs for elderly women. PMID- 3205841 TI - Administering and monitoring epidural analgesia. Monitoring epidural morphine injections. PMID- 3205842 TI - Administering and monitoring epidural analgesia. Safety considerations in epidural injections. PMID- 3205844 TI - Administering and monitoring epidural analgesia. Accessing implanted pumps: developing reusable templates. PMID- 3205843 TI - Administering and monitoring epidural analgesia. Staff certification for epidural administration. PMID- 3205845 TI - Administering and monitoring epidural analgesia. Ensuring needle placement. PMID- 3205846 TI - Administering and monitoring epidural analgesia. Preventing complications. PMID- 3205847 TI - Administering and monitoring epidural analgesia. Patient selection criteria. PMID- 3205848 TI - Administering and monitoring epidural analgesia. Epidural infusions of opiates and local anesthetic solutions for intractable cancer pain. PMID- 3205849 TI - Administering and monitoring epidural analgesia. Epidural fentanyl for postoperative pain management. PMID- 3205850 TI - Administering and monitoring epidural analgesia. Preparing nurses for epidural pain management. PMID- 3205851 TI - Identifying threats to data integrity in studies of adolescents with cancer. PMID- 3205852 TI - The biotherapy of cancer. PMID- 3205853 TI - Biological response modifier treatment reimbursement: present status and future strategies. PMID- 3205854 TI - Melanomas arising in large congenital nevocytic nevi: a prospective study. AB - In 1979 a registry of large (20 cm or more in diameter) congenital nevocytic nevi was established at the NYU Medical Center. To date, 56 patients have been entered. Seven were lost to follow-up. An additional two patients had melanoma on entry into the study and were therefore excluded from the results of prospective following such patients for the development of melanoma. Thus, this report concerns 47 individuals who were followed prospectively for a mean of 53 months, only 1 of whom developed melanoma. This was a 2-month-old girl at entry into the study who subsequently developed Touraine's syndrome. She eventually developed a primary melanoma in the central nervous system and died of metastatic disease at the age of 21 months. PMID- 3205855 TI - Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: a genealogic, stereomicroscope, and scanning electron microscope study. AB - This is a report of three patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, or Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome, their genealogic backgrounds and the stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopic appearances of the hair, the skin of their fingertips and palms as well as skin studies of members of their families. The skin morphology was recorded by means of silicone monomer rubber impressions and epoxy resin dyes. In two of the patients the disease was acquired by X-linked inheritance, while in the third, a boy, it appeared to follow an autosomal dominant pattern. Defects of the skin of the fingertips and palms of the propositi and members of the families included abnormalities of the morphology and pattern of the epidermal ridges, reduction of sweat pores varying from 13 to 87% of normal, and changed anatomy of the openings of the sweat glands. The openings were shallow and with less whorling compared to the normal, funnel-shaped sweat pores. Among the sweat pores, micropores, or openings with an average diameter of 5.3 micrometers, were observed. One of the propositi and the affected father of another had orifices on their fingertips resembling hair sheaths. Two propositi and the affected father of one exhibited grooving of the hair. The findings confirm the necessity for genealogic investigations in patients with or suspected of having the disease in order to advise parents or prospective parents. They also illustrate the usefulness of stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy in observing skin and hair abnormalities. PMID- 3205856 TI - Acquired ichthyosis in a child with rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - A generalized ichthyosiform eruption developed in a 13-year-old boy three weeks before presentation with a paravertebral rhabdomyosarcoma. His skin returned to normal shortly after the onset of chemotherapy and remission of the tumor. This case is unusual because the ichthyosis developed acutely, following a generalized urticarial eruption, and also involved the palms and soles. PMID- 3205857 TI - Spontaneous resolution of a giant congenital melanocytic nevus. AB - This is the second report of a case of spontaneous resolution of a giant congenital melanocytic nevus, which was documented both by photographs and skin biopsies. Cases of spontaneous resolution of these lesions may represent a vigorous host response against an aberrant clone of melanocytes. PMID- 3205858 TI - Ichthyosis and neutral lipid storage disease (Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome). AB - Ichthyosis and neutral lipid storage disease (INLSD) is a nonlysosomal, multisystemic, triglyceride storage disorder. It is characterized by nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NBCIE), leukocyte vacuoles, and variable involvement of the liver, muscles, eyes, and central nervous system. In our patient fat-containing vacuoles were also demonstrated in the epidermis. In patients with NBCIE, the diagnosis of INLSD is readily made by direct examination of a peripheral blood smear demonstrating cytoplasmic lipid vacuoles within most granulocytes and monocytes. PMID- 3205859 TI - X-ray microanalysis of the fingernails in term and preterm infants. AB - The element content of the fingernails of 10 term and 14 preterm infants, clipped for the first time after delivery, was determined by x-ray microanalysis. The results showed a decrease in sulfur and aluminum, and a higher chlorine content in term infants in comparison with preterm ones, the difference being statistically significant. Sodium, potassium, calcium, and zinc content did not differ in the two groups. Copper, iron, magnesium, aluminum, and phosphorus were detected in trace amounts only. Cobalt was not detected in the fingernails of newborns in either group. The elevated content of aluminum in the fingernails of preterm infants may be a clue to the osteopenia observed in these infants. PMID- 3205860 TI - Photodermatosis in infants and children. PMID- 3205861 TI - Incidental detection of premature centromere separation in amniocytes associated with a mild form of Roberts syndrome. AB - Premature centromere separation (PCS) was detected in amniocytes after an amniocentesis was done because of markedly elevated maternal serum alpha fetoprotein values in a healthy primiparous young woman. PCS has been associated with the Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome (RS). By 23 weeks' gestation, ultrasonic evaluations did not reveal abnormal fetal development. The pregnancy continued and a male infant was born with mild manifestations of RS. PCS was confirmed in cord blood lymphocytes. This case illustrates that PCS, when detected in amniotic fluid cell cultures, requires a thorough evaluation. PMID- 3205862 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. AB - Plasmalogen biosynthesis and phytanic acid oxidation activity were measured in cultured chorionic villus samples or amniocytes from four pregnancies at risk for the rhizomelic form of chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP). Normal results were obtained in three of the samples and post-natal examination or fetal ultrasound studies confirmed that the fetuses were unaffected. Chorionic villus culture in one case demonstrated defective plasmalogen biosynthesis and lack of phytanic acid oxidation. Pregnancy was interrupted at 10 weeks. Immunoblot studies of post mortem fetal tissues showed that peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase was present in the unprocessed form, a finding we had previously demonstrated in RCDP. These results establish that RCDP can be identified prenatally. PMID- 3205863 TI - Circulating 'trophoblast' cells in pregnancy have maternal genetic markers. AB - A syncytiotrophoblast-associated antigen identified by the monoclonal antibody (McAb) H315 is detectable on the surface of a low proportion of peripheral blood cells in pregnant women, raising the possibility of a new approach to prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. We aimed at verifying the trophoblastic origin of H315+ cells and their use for prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia. H315+ cells were separated from the peripheral blood of pregnant women: the DNA obtained from these cells in two selected cases was shown to have genetic markers indistinguishable from those of the mother and definitely different from the fetus. Our results suggest that H315 antigen is expressed by maternal cells and that prenatal diagnosis on peripheral blood of the mother using H315 McAb is not feasible. PMID- 3205865 TI - Transabdominal chorionic villus sampling. Clinical experience of 1159 cases. AB - The efficacy and risks of transabdominal free-hand ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration technique were evaluated in 1159 pregnancies submitted to chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in the first trimester and early in the second trimester. An adequate amount of chorionic tissue was obtained by two needle insertions in 99.7 per cent of cases, and a second tapping was needed in 3.5 per cent of cases. A local peritoneal reaction was the only early complication clearly related to the procedure, and it occurred in 0.3 per cent of cases without any adverse effect on the maternal and fetal outcome. The correct abortion rate in 716 consecutive concluded pregnancies was 2.4 per cent, while the rate of late obstetrical complications and perinatal mortality and morbidity compares favourably with the rates in the general population. Because of its simplicity and practicability, transabdominal aspiration is the procedure of choice and is especially recommended for intensive CVS routine conditions. PMID- 3205864 TI - Analysis of peripheral maternal blood samples for the presence of placenta derived cells using Y-specific probes and McAb H315. AB - Using flow cytometry, a small number of cellular elements expressing on their surface an antigen (H315) produced by placental trophoblast have been observed in the peripheral blood of pregnant women. This is in agreement with previous observations (Covone et al., 1984a,b) and recent results documenting the presence of a small number of H315-positive cells in the peripheral circulation of pregnant women (Pool et al., 1987; Caligaris-Cappio and Camaschella, personal communication). When DNA extracts, prepared from H315-positive cells sorted from maternal samples were tested by Southern transfer using Y-specific probes (Y190 or Y411), a Y-specific band could not be detected in any sample analysed, irrespective of the sex of the fetus. In control samples from healthy male donors, a Y-specific band could be detected with as few as 800 46,XY cells without interference from contaminating 46,XX cells. H315-positive cellular elements, sorted by flow cytometry from the maternal peripheral blood, were also examined in interphase using Y-specific probes (Y190 and Y431) and an in situ biotin-avidin fluorescent hybridization technique. The great majority of the sorted H315-positive cellular elements did not show a fluorescent Y body, even in samples from mothers who later delivered a male infant. While previous investigations had failed to demonstrate the in vitro uptake of H315 antigen onto the surface of leucocytes from healthy males incubated in maternal sera, the present studies demonstrate that cells from male donors could adsorb this antigen following incubation in extracts prepared from retroplacental blood. These findings thus suggest that the majority of H315-positive nucleated cells previously detected by flow cytometry in the peripheral circulation of pregnant women are maternal cells which have adsorbed H315 antigen in vivo, either in soluble form or as small cell membrane fragments. PMID- 3205866 TI - First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis using fibroblasts from a deceased index child to establish haplotypes. AB - First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) using linked DNA markers is usually only possible if there is an index affected child to establish the haplotype of the parental chromosomes. We describe a prenatal diagnosis where fibroblasts, cultured from the skin of a deceased affected child and then held in frozen storage for 3 years, were used as the starting point for tracking the CF gene. The fetus was diagnosed as a homozygous normal and the diagnosis confirmed by immunoreactive trypsin testing after birth. It was also possible to establish heterozygosity in the aunt of the affected child. PMID- 3205867 TI - Pseudomosaic centric fission of chromosome 4 in amniotic cells. AB - This paper describes a case of pseudomosaic centric fission of chromosome 4 detected in amniotic fluid cell culture. The pregnancy went to term and the newborn had a normal chromosomal constitution. PMID- 3205868 TI - False negative cytogenetic result in direct preparations after CVS. PMID- 3205869 TI - The morphology of Trichinella spiralis: ultrastructural study of the mid- and hindgut of the muscle larvae. AB - The ultrastructure of the gut of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae is comprehensively described, based on extensive observations. The mid-gut was composed of a single cell layer of epithelium over the basal lamina, the brush border, the septate junction, prominent glycogen aggregates, and other common cell organelles. The epithelial cells of the midgut were basically uniform, but the lumen presented a remarkably diversified appearance. In the ampullar portion, the midgut accommodated an amorphous substance of medium electron density, the middle portion was collapsed, and the terminal portion again dilated, but without any particular contents. The mid- and hindgut were devoid of muscle cells that could be responsible for the peristaltic movement of the gut. PMID- 3205870 TI - Morphology of the alimentary tract of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae with emphasis on the esophagus. AB - This study was designed to provide a comprehensive description of the ultrastructure of the esophagus of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. Although the esophagus exhibited basically the same structure throughout its entire length, being composed of a single cell-layered epithelium, the basal lamina, and the cuticle, some morphological diversity was observed, depending on the level of sectioning. The upper esophagus, devoid of a muscular sheath, was equipped with myofilamentous cytoplasm and a thick cuticle. The middle and lower esophagus was surrounded by the muscular sheath on the basal side and thin cuticle on the luminal side. The cytoplasm usually contained glycogen, ribosomes, and mitochondria. The presence of an amorphous substance in the lumen of the esophagus is reported for the first time. It was completely homogeneous or finely granular and always devoid of any substructure. PMID- 3205871 TI - Transmammary transmission of Strongyloides ratti. AB - The rate of transmammary transmission of Stronglyloides ratti was examined in albino rats in terms of the route of subcutaneous (s.c.) migration from the infection site (the skin) to the cranium. Inoculation sites nearer the cranium resulted in less frequent transmammary infection. The maximum number of adult worms was recovered from the sucklings when the mother was inoculated in her hindquarter and sucklings were allowed to feed for 30-36 h after inoculation (AI). Few worms were recovered from sucklings when they were allowed to nurse during periods of less than 24 h AI or greater than 42 h AI. In lactating mothers, larval infection of the mammary glands was commonly observed, and these larvae showed an increased esophagus length. In nonlactating mothers, most larvae completed their migration to the cranium within 36 h AI. PMID- 3205872 TI - Incubation in rats of a nematodal larva from cod to establish its specific identity: Contracaecum osculatum, (Rudolphi). AB - Infective, third-stage larvae of the genus Contracaecum from fish were cultured in vitro and fed to laboratory animals in order to obtain later developmental stages to permit their specific identification. The in vitro incubation was unsuccessful. In orally infected laboratory rats and hamsters, fourth-stage larvae were obtained from the stomach at 2-5 days postinfection (p.i.), but no adult worms developed. Larvae introduced surgically into the body cavity of laboratory rats yielded some adult worms from day 42 onwards. Adult males were identified as Contracaecum osculatum. PMID- 3205873 TI - Sym. triazinone (toltrazuril) effective against fish-parasitizing Monogenea. PMID- 3205874 TI - A comparative study on eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic activities of various helminth parasites. PMID- 3205875 TI - Antigenic characteristics of two strains of Trichinella spiralis isolated during the horsemeat-related outbreaks of 1985 in France. PMID- 3205876 TI - Efficacy of injectable ivermectin against the itch mite (Psorergates ovis) of sheep. PMID- 3205877 TI - Nursing management of the patient with an ischemic limb. PMID- 3205878 TI - The relationship of social support systems, health locus of control, health value orientation, and wellness motivation in the postmyocardial infarction patient during three phases of rehabilitation. PMID- 3205879 TI - Perceived stressful life events. A factor in recovery after myocardial infarction. PMID- 3205880 TI - Body surface areas and K values in strain 13 guinea pigs with different body weights and ages. AB - Body surface areas (BSA) were determined for strain 13 guinea pigs with body weights ranging from 191 to 1011 g. For this determination, the entire skin of each animal was removed immediately after death and flattened on a wax film with a homogeneous paper. The skin outlines on the paper were cut and weighed for determining BSA. The K value was calculated for each guinea pig as the ratio of BSA (cm2)/body weight (g)2/3. Significantly different K values of 11.31 +/- 0.11, 9.66 +/- 0.09, 9.22 +/- 0.05, and 9.17 +/- 0.05 were determined for average body weights of 218 +/- 24, 527 +/- 33, 706 +/- 60, and 943 +/- 30 g, respectively. By plotting these K values on semilog paper and determining the best fit curve of the slope, it was possible to extrapolate exponentially the K values for different body weights. The relationship between age and body weight was also established for guinea pigs, and a series of K values were determined from birth to 35 weeks of life. We conclude that a different K value should be used for calculating BSA for various ages and body weights of strain 13 guinea pigs. PMID- 3205881 TI - Depletion and release of prolactin from rat pituitaries and pituitary tumors in vitro. AB - Depletion of pituitary prolactin (PRL) and PRL release into culture medium were simultaneously examined over a 3.5- to 4.0-hr incubation period from anterior pituitary fragments obtained from Fischer-344 or Wistar-Furth female rats treated with estrogen for 5 days, in pituitary tumors induced by 8 weeks of diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment in Fischer-344 rats and in MtTW15 pituitary tumors transplanted subcutaneously in Wistar-Furth rats for 4 weeks. Our objective was to determine if the event known as transformation, which we define as a loss in the tissue PRL content without a corresponding and equivalent increase in the medium PRL content, occurs in rat pituitary tumors. Our results indicated that transformation did not occur in vitro in rat anterior pituitary tumors induced in Fischer-344 rats by DES treatment but was present in pituitaries from Fischer-344 rats treated for 5 days with estrogen, which served as controls. We also observed in vitro transformation in the anterior pituitary of Wistar-Furth rats treated with estrogen for 5 days (controls) and in the pituitaries of Wistar-Furth rats inoculated with the MtTW15 tumor for 4 weeks, but not in the MtTW15 tumor itself. Although transformation was present in both Fischer-344 and Wistar-Furth rats treated acutely with estrogen the timing of the transformation was delayed 1-2 hr in the Fischer-344 rats compared with Wistar Furth females. We concluded that transformation does not precede release of prolactin in rat pituitary tumors and that in normal pituitaries the mechanisms of transformation are induced differently between the strains of rats examined. PMID- 3205882 TI - Enhancement of cell-mediated cytotoxicity by recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha). AB - The effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF alpha) on the immune responses were investigated. A single iv injection of rTNF alpha (6 x 10(3) U) caused regression of sarcoma-180 transplanted into BALB/c nu/+ mice, but failed to regress this tumor in nu/nu mice. A higher dose of rTNF alpha (2 x 10(4) U) was necessary to induce antitumor effect in nu/nu mice. A host-related factor seemed to be involved in mediating tumor regression. Therefore, the effects of rTNF alpha on various T-dependent immune responses, including delayed footpad reaction (DFR), cell mediated cytolysis (CMC), and plaque-forming cells (PFC) were examined in BALB/c mice, immunized ip with chicken erythrocytes (CRBC). A single injection of rTNF alpha, at the time of the antigen administration, induced the augmentation of CMC to CRBC in a dose-dependent manner. DFR and PFC were not affected in optimal immunization procedures. The TNF alpha injection, at or after the time of antigen administration, was more effective in inducing augmentation of CMC. The increase in CMC by TNF alpha was mediated by nonadherent, Thy 1.2, Lyt 2.2 positive cells and neutralization of TNF alpha by the anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody abolished the effect on CMC. These results indicated that the human recombinant TNF alpha induced changes in the T-cell mediated responses. PMID- 3205883 TI - Adaptation to nephrotoxic chemicals. AB - Rats given gentamicin chronically become resistant to its nephrotoxic effects. To further explore this adaptation to nephrotoxicity, we gave male rats gentamicin 40 mg/kg/day for 12 days, then 80 mg/kg/day for 24 days. We then challenged them with 110 mg/kg/day of gentamicin for 9 days. Spermine was given 16 mg/kg/day for 42 days, then gentamicin challenge at 60 mg/kg/day for 9 days. Gossypol was given at 6 mg/kg/day for 19 days, then gentamicin at 60 mg/kg/day for 21 days. A fourth group of rats (controls) received 0.5 ml saline daily for 42 days and then received gentamicin 60 mg/kg/day for 9 days. Urine N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) was measured 3 times weekly and serum creatinine was measured 5 times during the study. Each drug-treated rat increased its urine NAG from baseline values. After a period of drug administration, all NAG values returned to the predrug values. Then all animals were given gentamicin daily. NAG values increased 20-fold in the animals previously treated with saline but did not rise in the other groups. The serum creatinine frequently but not always changed in parallel with the NAG values. These observations indicate that adaptation to these nephrotoxic substances occurs and that cross-resistance to gentamicin is produced by spermine and gossypol. PMID- 3205884 TI - The influence of extracellular calcium on microvascular tone in the rat cremaster muscle. AB - In vivo responses of arterioles and venules to changes in bath calcium concentrations were observed in the cremaster muscle of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Small arterioles (2A, 3A) initially exposed to a solution containing calcium (2.55 mM) significantly dilated in response to a 0-calcium bath. Reexposure to calcium (greater than 0.65 mM) caused 2A and 3A arterioles to constrict to diameters similar to the initial control values. In contrast, large arterioles (1A) and all venules (1V, 2V, 3V) were unresponsive to exposure to a 0-calcium solution or to reexposure to calcium (0.65-5.10 mM). Treatment with mefenamic acid (10 micrograms/ml), a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, produced marked constriction of arterioles but not of venules, suggesting the involvement of endogenous vasodilator prostaglandins in the regulation of resting diameters of arterioles. In the presence of mefenamic acid, 1A arterioles dilated when exposed to a 0-calcium solution and constricted back to control diameters following reintroduction of calcium into the bath. These data demonstrate heterogeneity in the responsiveness of cremasteric microvessels to changes in extracellular calcium. The small arterioles were most responsive to calcium. The lack of response by the largest arterioles appears to be due to the dilator influences of endogenous prostaglandins. PMID- 3205885 TI - Adherence to lithium prophylaxis: II. Multivariate analysis of clinical, social, and psychosocial predictors of nonadherence. AB - The purpose of this prospective study of 133 affective disorder patients, consecutively referred to start long-term lithium therapy, was to identify predictors of importance for nonadherence. The nonadherent group was defined as the 31 (23.3%) patients who stopped treatment within the first six months. In the multivariate logistic analysis the most informative clinical, social, and psychosocial predictors were, in rank order: many admissions to mental hospitals, death or divorce of parent in childhood, heavy smoking, short duration of the mental disorder diagnosed as affective, not married, never economically active, and early onset of the affective disorder. The logical consequence of the results is to offer the subgroup of patients with an individually calculated high probability of nonadherence intensive control and support during the first month of lithium treatment. PMID- 3205886 TI - Reflection of central aminergic-cholinergic imbalance by peripheral enzymes in psychiatric disorders? AB - Disturbances of central catecholaminergic-cholinergic balances have been discussed as causing affective disorders and schizophrenia. Such imbalances might be due to abnormalities of the metabolizing enzymes, especially their activities relative to each other. With this in mind, the activities of platelet monoamine oxidase and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (pseudocholinesterase) were determined spectrophotometrically in 33 psychiatric patients and eight controls. No significant differences could be detected for the enzyme activities as such and their relationship as expressed by their ratios. Thus, these peripheral enzymes seem to be unlikely indicators of supposed central imbalances. PMID- 3205887 TI - Typology of mood assessment curves by means of cluster analysis of computerized mathematical descriptions of time-series mood data collected from depressive inpatients treated with antidepressants. AB - A recently developed method for the computerized description of mood curves was applied to self-evaluation mood data of a large sample of 136 depressive inpatients. The values of the mathematical parameters from this description were analysed by cluster analysis to determine different types of mood courses of patients undergoing therapy with antidepressants. In general, the most unfavorable type of mood course was overrepresented in the group of neurotic depressive patients, the most favorable one in the group of endogenous depressive patients. But in this latter diagnostic group, a remarkable proportion of patients with the unfavorable mood course was observed, indicating the well-known phenomenon of non-response to antidepressants. The results can be interpreted as a validation of the new method of computerized description of mood curves. This method might lead to interesting possibilities in drug treatment evaluation. PMID- 3205888 TI - Urinary retention in the course of neuroleptic therapy with haloperidol. AB - A case history was presented of a 49-year-old female patient, who had developed paranoid-hallucinatory schizophrenia for the first time and suffered from an acute functional bladder obstruction while receiving haloperidol. Thorough urological examination showed no pathologic findings except for a medium-grade urinary tract infection. No beneficial effects were obtained after application of parasympathicomimetic substances (carbachol, distigminebromide). After discontinuation of haloperidol therapy normal bladder function returned. The question as to the basic causative pharmacologic mechanism remains unanswered but the hypothesis that bladder dysfunction is due solely to the anticholinergic side effects of haloperidol merits further critical elucidation and research. PMID- 3205889 TI - [Student adaptation to hospital practice]. PMID- 3205890 TI - [The sick infant and you!]. PMID- 3205891 TI - [Diabetes as a psychosomatic disease]. PMID- 3205892 TI - [Community nurses]. PMID- 3205893 TI - [The employment potentials of the graduates of a nursing department]. PMID- 3205894 TI - [The Dr. Mieczyslaw Michalowicz School]. PMID- 3205895 TI - [Sex. Psyche and soma]. PMID- 3205896 TI - [AIDS--a threat to public health]. PMID- 3205897 TI - [Dilemmas of the community nurse midwife]. PMID- 3205898 TI - [The professional ethics of midwives]. PMID- 3205899 TI - [The nurse in her role]. PMID- 3205900 TI - [Effectiveness of bright light therapy in cyclothymic axis syndromes--a cross over study in comparison with partial sleep deprivation]. AB - In a preliminary crossover study, fifty patients with a cyclothymic axial syndrome were given bright-light treatment, while fifty other such patients were treated by means of partial sleep deprivation, 60% of the patients responded to bright-light treatment, as opposed to 50% of the patients partially deprived of sleep. The superior results of the bright-light treatment (Hamilton Depression Scale) are confirmed on the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation and the Profile of Mood States. Comparatively young patients with a not so extremely marked depression show the best response rates. Bright-light treatment is also effective against depressive disorders in non-seasonal depressions. PMID- 3205901 TI - [Provoking endogenous psychoses]. AB - For six forms of endogenous psychosis, causal agencies were sought to establish endogenous, physical, and mental provocation. Endocrine causes were found most frequently, 17.5%, in mixed bipolar disorders, followed by cycloid psychoses, 8.5%, which in this respect appear to be closer to the mixed bipolar psychoses, than the unipolar forms at 4.4%. Among the physical causes, the difference in affective psychoses is not particularly great. Cycloid psychoses head the list at 9%. Among the mental causes, pure phase psychoses account for the greatest number, 12.7%, by a wide margin. The three unsystematic forms of schizophrenia revealed a slender link with their causes. Clear distinctions among the causes of the six forms were thus demonstrated. PMID- 3205902 TI - [Brain stem encephalitis]. AB - Using five cases of illness anamnestic, clinical, paraclinical and morphological results of brain stem encephalitis are presented. The usually indistinctive and unspecified liquor syndrome requires a subtly differentiated diagnostic distinguishing between vascular brain stem syndromes and brain stem gliomas. The hypothesis of hyperallergic reaction of the neurovascular system after bland virus infections is discussed. Because of the unclear spontaneous prognosis in this special case of perivenous focal encephalitis with premature paralysis in swallowing and breathing, measures for intensive care should be included in the method of treatment in time. PMID- 3205903 TI - [A case of familial occurrence of writer's cramp]. AB - The author reports on two sisters suffering from writer's cramp. Genetic, somatic and psychic factors are discussed regarding their pathogenetic importance. PMID- 3205904 TI - Inhibitory influence of oxytocin infusion on contingent negative variation and some memory tasks in normal men. AB - A double-blind study combining electrophysiological and psychometrical approaches was carried out to investigate the central effects of an intravenous oxytocin (OT) infusion in normal men. Contingent negative variation (CNV) was selected as the measure of central cognitive evoked potential, and the psychometric tests measured mood, vigilance and memory. OT infusion induced a significant decrease of CNV amplitude and an increase of post-imperative positive potentials in vertex derivations. A similar effect was still evidenced one week after treatment in frontal derivations, suggesting a long time effect of OT on human brain. No significant influence of OT on mood or vigilance tests was apparent; only one item of a memory test revealed a significant impairment of some mnesic performances. These observations provide new electrophysiological arguments supporting a central action of peripheral OT administration in man. PMID- 3205905 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus: learning disability in the male offspring of female patients and relationship to laterality. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic disease that predominates in women during the childbearing years. One system frequently affected is the central nervous system. Seizures and psychoses are criteria useful in the diagnosis of SLE. The effects of this disease on disorders of learning and handedness in both patients and first degree relatives are the subject of the present report. Dyslexia and other disorders of learning were present in 45% (24/55) of male offspring of female SLE patients. Ten percent of male siblings of female SLE patients were learning-impaired. Dyslexia and other disorders of learning are also common in women with SLE (dyslexia 12.5%) and men with SLE where the proband is one of two or more cases of SLE in the same family (dyslexia 27.6%). Tests for handedness in the lupus population indicated that there were slightly more patients (mostly women) (p = 0.08) who were lefthanded by the Oldfield laterality test compared to normal volunteers. Handedness did not correlate with the degree of dyslexia in either the patients or their first degree relatives. PMID- 3205906 TI - Renal pathology and proteinuria determine progression in untreated mild/moderate chronic renal failure. AB - The progression of renal failure was analyzed in 108 patients with mild to moderate renal impairment, none of whom had received any form of dietary protein, phosphate restriction or immunosuppressive treatment. The reciprocal of plasma creatinine was plotted against time using a minimum of six plasma creatinine values taken over at least six months (mean 13 values over 41 months). Plots indicated there was linear deterioration in 70 patients, non-linear deterioration in 15 and stable renal function in 24. Progressive renal failure was common in patients with glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, chronic pyelonephritis and polycystic kidney disease. Most patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis, analgesic nephropathy and renal impairment following acute renal failure were stable. Among those with progressive impairment the mean rates of deterioration were significantly faster for patients with glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy compared to those with chronic pyelonephritis, polycystic kidney disease and undiagnosed renal disease (p less than 0.01). Hence the underlying renal pathological changes appear to be important in determining progression of renal failure and also the subsequent rate of deterioration. For those with linear progression of renal failure there was a significant correlation between 24-h urinary protein excretion and the rate of deterioration. This relationship held for glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis as separate diagnostic groups only. Proteinuria, therefore, may be a useful prognostic index for the rate of progression of established renal failure. Calcium phosphate product correlated poorly with the rate of deterioration. We were unable to demonstrate a relationship between spontaneous protein intake and deterioration of renal function. However, patients prescribed high protein diets were not included in dietary analysis and we cannot, therefore, exclude the possibility that a high dietary protein intake may accelerate renal failure. Similarly we were unable to show a significant relationship between blood pressure and progression of renal failure although there were weak correlations between mean arterial pressure and rate of deterioration for chronic pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3205907 TI - The effects of prenatal X irradiation on the appearance of reflexes and physiologic markers in the neonatal rat. AB - Seventy pregnant adult Wistar strain rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 12 exposure groups; 9th or 17th day irradiation at the 0-, 0.1-, 0.2-, 0.4-, 0.6-, or 0.8-Gy dosage level. On the first day of postnatal life, litters were reduced to a maximum of eight pups per litter. A total of 508 pups were observed for the age of acquisition of five reflexes (air righting, surface righting, visual placing, negative geotaxis, auditory startle) and the appearance of four physiologic markers (pinna detachment, eye opening, vaginal opening, testes descent). A dose-response relationship for alterations in reflex acquisition and physiologic marker appearance was observed due to exposure above 0.2 Gy on the 17th day of gestation. Therefore, 0.2 to 0.4-Gy exposure may represent a threshold range for exposure on the 17th day using these postnatal parameters. PMID- 3205908 TI - Regulation of the synthesis of heat-shock proteins in heat-resistant variants of Chinese hamster fibroblasts. AB - The synthesis of the major heat-shock proteins (hsp) was compared in normal and heat-resistant Chinese hamster fibroblasts which express higher levels of the 70 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp70). Following exposure to a variety of experimental conditions that induce the elevated synthesis of the hsp, higher relative levels of hsp70 and lower relative levels of hsp89 and hsp110 were found in the heat resistant variants. This effect was observed with all inducers tested. The relatively greater synthesis of hsp70 and relatively lower synthesis of hsp89 occurred at all temperatures tested and was found to be independent of cell culture conditions. The relatively greater increase in the levels of hsp70 in the heat-resistant variants after a mild heat shock was found to be a reflection of elevated levels of messenger RNA coding for this polypeptide. These results indicate that the heat-shock response in mammalian cells displays coordinate regulatory features and that the alteration of the expression of one of the hsp may affect the expression of the others. PMID- 3205909 TI - Changes in bromodeoxyuridine labeling index during radiation treatment of an experimental tumor. AB - Cell proliferation kinetics in a spontaneous mouse fibrosarcoma (FSaII) growing in C3H mice has been studied by in vivo pulse labeling of cells synthesizing DNA with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). A monoclonal antibody to BrdUrd and flow cytometry were used to quantify these cells. Labeling indices (LI) were measured before and after radiation. Unirradiated 10-mm tumors had a mean LI of 17.5%. After a single dose of 20 Gy there was depression of LI after 1 day followed by a rapid increase to greater than control values after 5 days. Analysis performed after five fractions showed that LI was dependent on the dose per fraction and interval between fractions. After 5 and 7 Gy/fraction LI remained similar to control values during daily fractionation but was significantly depressed after twice daily fractionation. With doses greater than 10 Gy/fraction there was marked depression of LI using both fractionation schedules. These changes in LI correlated well with changes in tumor volume after radiation. Tumors were also biopsied after 5 fractions of a 20-fraction course to see if LI would predict for tumor control. LIs of greater than or equal to 10% were associated with lack of tumor control at 90 days while all controlled tumors had a significant depression of LI. Changes in LI after radiation were a reasonable indication of the amount of repopulation occurring and might be useful in selecting patients for altered fractionation schedules. PMID- 3205910 TI - Therapeutic gain factors for fractionated radiation treatment of spontaneous murine tumors using fast neutrons, photons plus O2(1) or 3 ATA, or photons plus misonidazole. AB - Therapeutic gain factors (TGFs) have been determined for three spontaneous tumors of the C3H mouse treated by photons + normobaric oxygen (O2(1) ATA), photons + hyperbaric oxygen (O2 3 ATA), photons + misonidazole, or fast neutrons. The tumors were early generation isotransplants of spontaneous tumors: MCaIV, a mammary carcinoma; FSaII, a fibrosarcoma; and SCCVII, a squamous cell carcinoma. The tumors, transplanted to the right leg, were 6 mm at start of treatment. Normal tissue responses studied were acute reaction of normal skin (all treatment modalities) and LD50 following irradiation of the upper abdomen (in test of photons + O2 at 1 or 3 ATA). Thus both the tumor and normal tissues would be classified as "acute responding." All subject tissues were at congruent to 34.5 35 degrees C at irradiation. Treatments were based on d(25)Be or p(43)Be fast neutron beams, 60Co and 137Cs photon beams. Treatments were given in 5 or 15 equal doses in 5 days. For photon treatments, TGFs (air/O2 3 ATA) were substantially and significantly larger than 1 for all three tumor systems treated at small or large doses per fraction when related to skin or abdominal tissue responses. The TGFs (air/O2 1 ATA) were greater than 1 at small doses per fraction for MCaIV and FSaII for skin as the normal tissue; the TGFs for all three tumors and at all doses per fraction would be greater than 1 when related to upper abdominal tissues. TGFs (O2 1 ATA/O2 3 ATA) for photon irradiation greater than 1 were found only for SCCVII and that obtained for both large and small doses per fraction. Misonidazole achieved impressive TGFs (air/air + miso or air/O2 1 ATA + miso); the drug was tested only at 10-12 Gy/fraction and relative to skin. RBEs(FN) for the three tumors were lower at 1.5-2 Gy(FN)/fraction than at 5-6 Gy(FN)/fraction, i.e. the opposite to that reported for normal tissue (RBE increases with decreasing dose per fraction). A TGF (relative to skin reaction) greater than 1 for fast neutron therapy was found only for SCCVII when treated at large doses/fraction; this was true for air or O2 1 ATA conditions. PMID- 3205911 TI - Late somatic effects in mice after total lymphoid irradiation. AB - Late somatic effects of total lymphoid irradiation have been investigated in BC3F1 mice. A total X-ray dose of 34 Gy was distributed in 17 daily fractions. The cumulative mortality curve is shifted in time because all the irradiated mice died earlier than the unirradiated controls. There was a 24% shortening of life span. A marked increase of solid tumor incidence, mostly due to skin cancers, was observed (66% vs 30%). In contrast, the incidence of malignant lymphomas was greatly reduced in irradiated mice (6% vs 49%). Furthermore, nephrosclerosis was a common finding in the irradiated group (38% vs 8%). Death-rate analysis revealed an association between life shortening and the presence of solid tumors and nephrosclerosis at death. PMID- 3205912 TI - Induction and rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks in human cervix carcinoma cell lines of differing radiosensitivity. AB - Five recently established cell lines of human carcinoma of the cervix of varying radiosensitivity have been used to determine whether the induction or rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks (dsb) shows any correlation with radiosensitivity or radiation recovery capacity. Double-strand DNA breaks have been measured using neutral filter elution at pH 9.6. The number of breaks induced immediately after irradiation with doses of 10 to 40 Gy 60Co gamma rays appeared to show some correlation with radiosensitivity particularly after 10 Gy; the two more radiosensitive lines incurred more breaks than the more radioresistant lines. In addition, the shape of the induction curve with dose was linear for the two sensitive lines but curvilinear for the resistant lines. Despite the dose scales being different, this mirrored their respective cell survival curve shapes. After 30 or 50 Gy irradiation, rejoining of breaks appeared to be rapid and almost complete within 60 min at 37 degrees C for the three resistant lines. However, for the sensitive lines, one line (HX160c) in particular exhibited a reduced rate of dsb rejoining. In addition, a residual level of dsb was present in this line even after allowing rejoining for 3 h. While induction and rejoining of DNA dsb therefore appears to be a factor in determining radiosensitivity, at doses relevant to cellular survival (up to 10 Gy), the greater induction of DNA dsb in radiosensitive lines may play a significant role in determining the cellular response to ionizing radiation. PMID- 3205914 TI - R.N. fired: constitutional rights issue. PMID- 3205913 TI - On the dose-response relationships following the irradiation of amino acids. PMID- 3205915 TI - Nurse makes "anonymous call': hearsay evidence. Case in point: Su v. Weaver (525 A. 2d 692--MD (1988)). PMID- 3205916 TI - Can a nurse be sued by a fellow employee? Case in point: Panaro V. Electolux Corporation (545 A. 2d 1086--CT (1988)). PMID- 3205917 TI - [MR vs CT: which is the diagnostic advantage in neuroradiology]. AB - The comparative adequacy was studied of the two main neuroradiological imaging methods, MR imaging and CT, through the analysis of 1500 MR examinations with a preliminary CT study. The comparison was made by giving a score to the diagnostic contribution of MR imaging, especially as far as changes in the therapeutical approach were concerned. The results varied according to the various pathologies, to the different anatomical regions explored, and to the site of the masses. The overall score was higher in the spine and the spinal cord than in brain pathology. In brain neoplastic pathology, eg, the diagnostic capabilities of CT and MR imaging were similar in most cases, especially in supratentorial locations, while MR imaging was clearly superior in the spinal cord district. In infratentorial location, the better anatomical details make MR imaging the method of choice. In conclusion, CT confirms its accuracy in the detection of brain pathology, while MR imaging proves more sensitive in white matter diseases, and in particular locations, e.g. the posterior fossa. In the spine and spinal cord districts, the very high average score mainly confirms MR capability to demonstrate spinal canal normal and pathological content. Moreover, the important role of MR imaging is stressed in pediatric pathology, together with CT primary role in emergency cases. PMID- 3205918 TI - [Thalassemia today. The radiologic evolution of lesions of the skull and hand with reference to transfusion therapy]. AB - The main abnormalities of the hand and skull in a group of patients who underwent hypertransfusion regimen were reviewed and compared to the lesions observed in a control group of low-transfused patients. The results are reported, and a possible correlation with transfusion regimen is discussed: since bone lesions are explained on the basis of relationship between proliferating bone marrow and bone cortex, hypertransfusion regimen will prevent the development of abnormalities, only if established early in life. For this reason, skeletal lesions in Cooley's anaemia have changed their "classical" radiographic patterns. In the skull, the diploic space may become normal, and the overgrowth of facial bones moderate; the pneumatization of paranasal sinuses may not be completely impeded by the swelling of the jaws, the "hair-brush" pattern may disappear completely. The normalized picture of the hand is and remains a typical differential sign of prepuberal and adult patients. PMID- 3205919 TI - [Articular complications in sickle cell-thalassemia after childhood. Diagnostic problems]. AB - The osteoarticular complications of drepanocytosis-thalassemia (DT) include: 1) bone infarction, or avascular necrosis (AVN), common at all ages; 2) acute septic arthritis and hematogenous osteomyelitis, that usually affect infants and children. Early diagnosis and treatment of the osteoarticular infectious complications is imperative, to maximize the chances of a favorable outcome, and to prevent the sequelae, ie pathological fractures, chronic osteomyelitis. Early roentgenographic features of involved areas are similar in acute osteomyelitis and in AVN--both of which cause painful bone crises, so as to make osteomyelitis (OM) a diagnostic challenge. Four cases of DT are reported. The patients, 17 to 37 years old, presented with bone infarcts. One of them (the youngest) had also multiple osteomyelitis of long bones. The 99m-Tc-MDP bone scans, performed only on the youngest patient, affected by OM, revealed increased uptake in both AVN and in OM locations, without differential diagnostic features. After a review of the literature, a diagnostic protocol is suggested, based on 99m-Tc colloid marrow scintigraphy for the early differential diagnosis between acute OM (normal or slightly-increased uptake), chronic OM (markedly increased uptake), and AVN (decreased uptake). Furthermore, MR imaging is stressed as the most promising tool, in the next future, for this kind of differential diagnosis. PMID- 3205920 TI - [CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle biopsy in the histological characterization of mediastinal-pulmonary lesions]. AB - CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle biopsy (FNB) is the method of choice in the histological characterization of mediastinum and lung lesions in which a diagnosis could not be reached through noninvasive methods such as cytology of the sputum, or biopsy during bronchoscopy. FNB represents an alternative to diagnostic thoracotomy: it is, in fact, less invasive, it can be carried out with no need for hospitalization, and has a low incidence of complications. FNB diagnostic accuracy is very high, as our results prove: accuracy 89.6%, sensitivity 87.6% and specificity 98%. Our series includes 419 percutaneous fine needle biopsies. PMID- 3205921 TI - [Use of an electrohydraulic lithotripter in the percutaneous treatment of biliary tract calculi. The preliminary clinical experience in 4 cases]. AB - The results are reported of percutaneous transhepatic treatment with an electrohydraulic lithotripter in 4 cases of bile duct lithiasis. An electric discharge, generated by a bipolar electrode, gives origin to high-amplitude and low-frequency shock waves in the fluid medium which cause the stone to fragment. Complete resolution of lithiasis was obtained in 2 patients with intrahepatic calculosis. In the other 2 cases of massive lithiasis of intra and extrahepatic bile ducts the treatment, however incomplete, proved to be useful, as the biliary flux was rehabilitated and clinical symptoms disappeared. No relevant immediate side-effects were observed, except for well-tolerated pain during the discharges, and transitory hemobilia which solved spontaneously. No complications were observed in this series of patients. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy proves thus to be useful for supporting standard interventional radiology techniques in very complex cases of intra- and extrahepatic bile duct stones. PMID- 3205922 TI - [Use of a high-frequency pulsed hydro jet in the percutaneous treatment of biliary tract calculi]. AB - A new system (Broxo Jet) is described for bile duct washing to complete mechanical maneuvers during nonsurgical treatment of intra- and extrahepatic calculi. The device is connected either to a percutaneous biliary drainage catheter or to a fibroscope, and provides a high-frequency pulsating water jet. Seven patients with intra- and extrahepatic bile duct stones were treated with this new technique. Complete resolution was observed in 4/7 cases. The water jet allows the mobilization of even the biggest stones and the elimination of stone debris, as well as the removing of fibrin and necrotic tissue fragments tightly attached to bile duct walls in subacute cholangitis. PMID- 3205923 TI - [A comparison of scintigraphy with radioiodinated MIBG and CT in localizing pheochromocytomas]. AB - In order to define the diagnostic roles of MIBG imaging and CT in the detection of pheochromocytomas (pheos), the results obtained in 45 patients suspected of bearing pheo and studied with both modalities were analyzed and compared. Scintigraphy was correctly negative in 22/23 cases, correctly positive in 11/12 adrenal and 5/5 extra-adrenal pheos, and in 4/5 malignant pheos (metastases present in 2 cases were also identified). CT was correctly negative in 20/23 cases (a mass other than a pheo was detected in 3 patients); correctly positive in 12/12 adrenal and 4/5 extra-adrenal pheos and in 5/5 malignant pheos. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of scintigraphy and CT were 91% and 95.4%, 95.6% and 87%, 93.3% and 91.1% respectively (differences were not statistically significant). The overall data emphasize the complementary role of 123/131I-MIBG imaging and CT in the location of pheochromocytomas. A flow-chart essentially grounded on the combined use of both these diagnostic modalities is proposed which includes 123/131I-MIBG scintigraphy as a first choice examination. PMID- 3205924 TI - [Usefulness of gallium 67 in research into the need for radical cervical lymph node dissection in patients with head and neck carcinomas]. AB - Fifty-nine patients with head and neck carcinoma were examined with 67Ga scintigraphy. All patients had undergone lymph node dissection of the neck. They were followed for a minimum of 2 years after the examination. The primary tumor, treated prior/contemporaneously to the lymph node dissection, did not evolve in this interval. Metastatic involvement of the lymph node capsule was observed in all 44 cases with metastatic lymph nodes; macroscopic radicality was surgically obtained since involvement of the capsule was only microscopic. Nevertheless, complementary radiotherapy was given. The whole of 17 recurrences in the soft tissues of the neck were found, within 2 years, in the group of 26 patients who had undergone dissection of lymph nodes with metastatic capsular involvement and whose postoperative 67Ga scintigraphy was positive. On the contrary, no recurrences in the soft tissues of the neck were observed in the group of 18 patients who had undergone dissection of lymph nodes with metastatic capsular involvement and whose scintigraphy was negative. This result proves (P less than 0.001) 67Ga capable of evidencing eventual microscopic diffusion. Such a possibility has not yet been realized in vivo with any other investigation technique. Scintigraphy was negative in a control group of 15 patients who had undergone lymph node dissection, and with nonmetastatic lymph nodes. This finding leads us to exclude that the use of 67Ga might result in misinterpreted findings in the exploration of relatively superficial tissues. In fact, the eventual accumulation of radioisotope in nonneoplastic pathologies is quite easily recognizable in the neck. We can therefore conclude that in those 9 cases with positive scintigraphy and in whom no recurrence was found, microscopic diffusion was probably present, but local recurrence of the disease was prevented by complementary radiotherapy. PMID- 3205925 TI - [A simple trick for economizing on contrast medium in angiography]. PMID- 3205926 TI - [Hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia]. PMID- 3205928 TI - [MacLeod syndrome]. PMID- 3205927 TI - [Localized gastric amyloidosis. Clinico-radiologic aspects]. PMID- 3205929 TI - 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance imaging of acute spinal trauma. AB - Fifty patients with spinal injury above L2 were studied with MRI; forty-two had initial and followup studies permitting correlation of MRI abnormalities with neurologic improvement. Two discrete patterns of MRI abnormality were identified, presumably representing cord hemorrhage and edema respectively. A third pattern appeared to represent a mixed type of injury. The correlation between the MRI patterns of cord injury and neurologic recovery was excellent. The ability of MRI to demonstrate and characterize acute cord injury appears to exceed that of other diagnostic techniques. PMID- 3205930 TI - Intestinal ischemia: comparison of plain radiographic and computed tomographic findings. AB - This article illustrates the radiographic and CT findings in 14 patients with proved intestinal ischemia or infarction. Gaseous bowel distention, thumbprinting and pneumatosis were the most frequent radiographic findings; intestinal distention, thickening of the bowel wall, engorgement of mesenteric vessels, and pneumatosis, the most frequent CT findings. The authors conclude that CT offers major advantages for evaluating patients suspected of having intestinal ischemia or infarction. PMID- 3205932 TI - Pathways and pitfalls in treatment planning with external beams: the role of the clinical physicist. PMID- 3205931 TI - Reconstruction of the four basic cardiac projections from magnetic resonance images: a new aspect. AB - From 3D MR scans, the authors have constructed 2D "silhouettes" that correspond to standard radiographic views of the heart. These images explicitly demonstrate the relationship of the surface anatomy to the internal anatomy of the heart and serve to indicate what chambers contribute to the heart borders seen on radiographs. The findings depart from conventional wisdom in at least four respects, including: the left atrium contributes to the left heart border in a frontal radiograph in only a minority of subjects, in steep RAO and lateral radiographs, the right ventricle does not always form the anterior heart border, in left anterior oblique radiographs greater than 30 degrees, the anterior heart border is formed predominantly by the right ventricle, and the left ventricle extends more craniad along the posterior margin of the heart than expected. PMID- 3205933 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist: normal cross sectional imaging and selected abnormal cases. AB - Using a small surface coil and limited field of view, the authors have generated 13 contiguous, 3 mm, transverse sections of the wrist of a cadaver. The identity of the structures recorded has been established by subsequent dissection of the cadaver. The article presents the 13 MR sections together with drawings identifying the recorded structures at each level. These anatomic sections are amplified by 7 transverse MR images showing alterations of the normal anatomy in clinical examples of wrist pathology. PMID- 3205934 TI - Pediatric case of the day.I. Dehiscent jugular bulb. II. Mondini malformation.III. Aural atresia. PMID- 3205935 TI - General case of the day. Cor triatriatum. PMID- 3205936 TI - Research in mental retardation: underreporting of medication information. AB - Estimates of psychoactive drug use among persons residing in community and institutional settings suggest high prevalence rates. Psychoactive drug use has been associated with impairments in adaptive functioning. As a result, drug induced effects may represent potential confounds that need to be considered when evaluating treatment outcomes. Consequently, information about drug regimens should be reported in empirical investigations. In this investigation, a review of six applied research and special education journals over an 11-year period was conducted to determine the extent to which information about drug regimens of participants was provided. It was determined that only slightly more than 3% of the articles reported information about subject medication usage and only 1.5% reported information relating to the use of medications as independent variables. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for recommending that providing information about drug regimens should become standard practice when describing subjects. PMID- 3205937 TI - An analysis of employer evaluations of workers with mental retardation. AB - A critical component of supported competitive employment is the provision of long term consumer assessment and systematic follow-along services. To date, there is a paucity of information that describes or validates the process of ongoing consumer assessment. In this article, written employer evaluations of workers with mental retardation were analyzed regarding their relationship to employment retention. Three factors were identified which related to employment retention: (a) workers' attendance, (b) punctuality patterns, and (c) consistency in task performance. These findings are discussed in light of their implications for curriculum design and habilitation efforts for persons with mental retardation. PMID- 3205938 TI - Comment on Starin and Fuqua's (1987) review of research on rumination and vomiting. AB - Starin and Fuqua seriously misread a critical study cited in their recent review in failing to characterize it as an experimental analysis of four treatment procedures, and therefore inappropriately criticized it for several shortcomings. This misreading and a tendency to equate vomiting with and without rumination compromise their conclusions regarding treatment choice. At the present time, the data base favors selection of several aversive procedures and the nonaversive satiation procedure over others, but the number of studies on nonaversive operant treatment procedures remains remarkably limited. PMID- 3205939 TI - [Changes produced by the chronic ingestion of ethanol in pepsinogen cells of the gastric mucosa in the rat. Quantitative and ultrastructural study]. PMID- 3205940 TI - [Re-permeabilization of the intestinal lumen after obliteration of digestive transit with non-absorbable material. Experimental study in the rat]. PMID- 3205941 TI - [Action of the drug pirenzepine on regenerating parietal cells. Morphological and quantitative study]. PMID- 3205942 TI - [Gastric leiomyosarcoma]. PMID- 3205943 TI - [Medical treatment of gastric phytobezoar]. PMID- 3205944 TI - [Hepatic repercussion of acute intestinal ischemia. Experimental study]. PMID- 3205945 TI - [Ileoscopy: indications and results]. PMID- 3205946 TI - [Action of oxidated and regenerated cellulase on colic scarring: experimental study]. PMID- 3205947 TI - [Surgical treatment of choledochocele with conservation of papilla]. PMID- 3205948 TI - [Cystic dilatation of the biliary tract and choledochal cysts]. PMID- 3205949 TI - [Solitary congenital liver cyst (diagnosis after an episode of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3205950 TI - [Primary duodenal adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 3205951 TI - [Colon-splenic fistula. Complicated by large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 3205952 TI - [Primary peritonitis in a heroin addict]. PMID- 3205953 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the spleen]. PMID- 3205954 TI - [A new case of strongyloidiasis in an immunosuppressed patient]. PMID- 3205955 TI - [The use of sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in children]. PMID- 3205957 TI - AIDS-related neoplasias. Workshop of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research. 1988. PMID- 3205956 TI - AIDS in central Europe. PMID- 3205958 TI - Malignant lymphomas in patients with or at risk for AIDS in Italy. PMID- 3205959 TI - HIV-related hematological neoplasias in France. PMID- 3205960 TI - Malignant lymphomas in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. PMID- 3205961 TI - Malignant lymphomas and HIV infection. PMID- 3205962 TI - AIDS-related neoplasias in Switzerland. PMID- 3205963 TI - Inactivation of HIV and safety precautions for the workplace. PMID- 3205964 TI - Psychosocial issues for patients with AIDS-related cancers. AB - The social, psychological, and ethical challenge of AIDS, specifically AIDS related cancers, is as complex as the biological and medical. Both the patient and his or her sexual partner experience a number of stresses to which they must adapt. AIDS also poses a challenge to professionals and to the social fabric of countries in which it occurs. One test of the worth of a society is the way in which it handles its fears, its sick, and its stigmatized individuals. The challenge to us all is to respond to this disease, to those endangered by it, to those overwhelmed by their fear, and to those who contract it with the clarity of thought, scientific excellence, high ethical standards, and human compassion that enables all of us to continue life with dignity and meaning. PMID- 3205965 TI - The relationship between perception of supportive behaviors of others and wives' ability to cope with initial myocardial infarctions in their husbands. PMID- 3205966 TI - Needs of relatives and helpfulness of support groups in severe head injury. PMID- 3205967 TI - Prosthetic problem inventory scale. PMID- 3205968 TI - Strategies to promote independence in the elderly. PMID- 3205969 TI - Clinical ladders and rehabilitation nurses. PMID- 3205970 TI - Making the interdisciplinary team approach work. PMID- 3205971 TI - Sleeplessness among the elderly. PMID- 3205972 TI - Aminothiols: synthesis and effect on chicken brain aminopeptidases. AB - An amino acid derivative, leucinethiol, was reported to be a strong inhibitor of aminopeptidase activity. In order to obtain selective inhibitors of various brain aminopeptidases, we tested the inhibition by amino acid analogs of brain aminopeptidase activity. In particular, we synthesized the trifluoroacetyl derivatives of phenylalaninol, tyrosinol, and leucinol; leucinethiol; and phenylalaninethiol and measured their effect on soluble puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase S1 and SII purified in our laboratory. Two of the compounds, L-bis (1-thio-2-amino-4-methylpentane) dihydrochloride (TAMP) and L-bis (1-thio-2-amino 3-phenylpropane) dihydrochloride (TAPP), caused significant inhibition. PMID- 3205973 TI - Inhibition of synaptosomal serotonin uptake by Ketalar. AB - The effects of the clinical preparation of ketamine, Ketalar and its preservative, benzethonium chloride on [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine uptake were studied using rat brain synaptosomes. Ketalar caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of substrate uptake by the high affinity transport site (I50 = 20.2 +/ 2.75 microM) while benzethonium chloride had no effect. Kinetic analysis indicated the inhibition to be competitive with serotonin; the apparent km (54 nM) was increased nearly two-fold at 10 microM ketamine. This action may represent a mechanism involved in ketamine anesthesia. PMID- 3205974 TI - Adjuvant effects of beta-adrenergic drugs in the indomethacin treatment of highly lethal endotoxic shock. AB - Indomethacin reduced the mortality of highly lethal endotoxic shock and dopamine infusion following indomethacin treatment reduced the lethality further. However, dopamine alone did not reduce the lethality. Dobutamine or isoproterenol was not effective in the treatment of endotoxic shock with or without indomethacin treatment. PMID- 3205975 TI - Some insights into the variations in antipyrine pharmacokinetics in the rat. AB - Antipyrine plasma disposition and urinary metabolic profile studies conducted in this laboratory between 1984 and 1987 are reported. A comparison of this data is made to a previous report of temporal variation in antipyrine plasma disposition parameters over a 18 month period. It is suggested that antipyrine plasma disposition parameters may not be sensitive indicators of temporal variation, but that variation in the metabolic profile might provide such evidence. PMID- 3205976 TI - The effect of luteinizing hormone on parturition in rats; imidazole antifungals may affect parturition via luteinizing hormone. AB - Studies were carried out to investigate the mechanism whereby the imidazole anti fungal, tioconazole, affects parturition in rats. Administration s.c. of luteinizing hormone (LH) to pregnant rats on days 15-17 post-insemination (p.i.) or days 15-21 p.i. delayed the onset of parturition by a day and markedly reduced the ovarian production of 17 beta-estradiol, but not of progesterone. Administration of LH on days 18 and 19 p.i., which was already known to advance birth, reduced ovarian production of progesterone, but not of 17 beta-estradiol. The similarity of these results to those for tioconazole administered from days 15 p.i. or on days 18 and 19 p.i. suggests that tioconazole affects parturition in rats, at least in part, via LH. PMID- 3205977 TI - In vivo effects of doxorubicin and isoproterenol on reduced glutathione and H2O2 production in mouse heart. AB - Some parameters of free radical generation were studied in the hearts of CD 1 mice at short time intervals after the administration of Doxorubicin (15 mg/Kg i.v.) or Isoproterenol (80 mg/Kg s.c.). The two drugs consistently caused a decrease in cardiac reduced glutathione. Isoproterenol significantly increased in vivo H2O2 production by the heart at all the intervals taken into consideration, i.e., 5, 8, 12 and 16 hours after its administration. However, Doxorubicin did not significantly modify H2O2 generation at the same hours. These findings suggest that an increase in H2O2 production may not be involved in the oxidative stress caused by the anthracyclines at cardiac level. PMID- 3205978 TI - Labetalol is metabolized oxidatively in humans. AB - Previous studies on the metabolic fate of antihypertensive agent labetalol in humans identified only conjugated metabolites of the drug and accounted for only a portion of the dose. In this study, urine samples obtained from three patients on chronic labetalol therapy for hypertension were analyzed initially by thin layer chromatography for the presence of other metabolites. All three urine samples were found to contain 3-amino-1-phenylbutane. The identify of this metabolite in one of the urine samples was confirmed by electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometry experiments also identified the presence in the urine sample of the D-hydroxy derivative of 3 amino-1-phenylbutane. The two metabolites are the result of oxidative biotransformations of labetalol. 3-Amino-1-phenylbutane has been reported to be a potent sympathomimetic agent, and the question arises whether the newly identified metabolites of labetalol contribute to its pharmacological effects. PMID- 3205979 TI - Suppression of carbon monoxide excretion by zinc mesoporphyrin in adult Wistar rats: evidence for potent in vivo inhibition of bilirubin production. AB - We studied the effect of zinc mesoporphyrin on the CO excretion rate (VeCO) and liver heme oxygenase activity of adult rats. A subcutaneous dose of 4 mumol/kg significantly lowered the VeCO between 4 and 12 hours after injection. The liver heme oxygenase activity of treated animals was significantly lower 12 hours after treatment. These findings demonstrate that zinc mesoporphyrin is a potent inhibitor of in vivo total bilirubin production, as measured by the VeCO. PMID- 3205980 TI - Stimulation of phospholipase A2 and vascular permeability by an extract of granuloma induced in the rat by carrageenin. AB - Isolation from carrageenin-induced granuloma of rat of factors affecting phospholipase A2 (PLase A2) activity was attempted. Excised granuloma was extracted with 2% phenol and denatured both at acidic and alkaline pH's in boiling water. The extract was adsorbed on charcoal and eluted in an alkaline milieu. Following gel chromatography of the eluate on Sephadex G-25, the effect of this fraction on PLase A2 prepared from rabbit peritoneal exudates was examined. Materials affecting PLase A2 activity were eluted slightly behind the peak of saccharides having an approximate molecular weight of 800. Activation of PLase A2 was most pronouncedly observed in the sample prepared from 5 days granuloma. Activating effect on PLase A2 was not observed with the sample prepared from control rat skin. The effect of fractions that contained PLase A2 activating components on vascular permeability was investigated by measuring the leakage of i.v. administered pontamine blue. Injection of the sample containing PLase A2-activating materials into mouse paw induced the increase of vascular permeability in a dose dependent manner. Maximal effect was observed also in the sample obtained 5 days after the injection of carrageenin. Thus, the activating components may be involved in the processes of inflammation. PMID- 3205981 TI - Gastrointestinal malignancies. PMID- 3205982 TI - Future perspectives and nursing issues in gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 3205983 TI - [Value of early anticoagulation in the prevention of intraventricular thrombosis after a 1st myocardial infarction: prospective and randomized study]. PMID- 3205985 TI - [Chronic thyroiditis in a young population with goiter]. PMID- 3205984 TI - [Endomyocardial biopsy: clinical experience in 44 procedures]. PMID- 3205986 TI - [Genetic characterization of the hospital population of Santiago, Chile]. PMID- 3205987 TI - [Isolated effect of potassium on zona glomerulosa of the human adrenal gland]. PMID- 3205988 TI - [M-mode echocardiographic values in a sample of the normal adult Chilean population]. PMID- 3205989 TI - [Ethnic differences and sex dimorphism of cleft lip and palate]. PMID- 3205990 TI - [Axillo-axillary prosthetic internal arteriovenous fistula as an alternative for vascular access in hemodialysis]. PMID- 3205992 TI - [To think the University]. PMID- 3205991 TI - [Familial deficiency of antithrombin III]. PMID- 3205993 TI - [Human resources training at the universities]. PMID- 3205994 TI - [Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni/coli in personnel and animals of the Zoo Park of Santiago. Analysis of the pathogenic factors]. PMID- 3205995 TI - [Operated mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: outcome of late aortoduodenal fistula]. PMID- 3205996 TI - [Diagnosis of the health status of a college-level student population]. PMID- 3205997 TI - [Indexes of human resources performance in the technical area of a health service. I. Medical hours]. PMID- 3205998 TI - Interactions between statisticians and biomedical journal editors. AB - The increased involvement of statisticians in the publication of biomedical research has resulted in increased communication between statisticians and biomedical journal editors. This paper considers ways to enhance positive interactions between statisticians and journal editors. Specific questions addressed are: What are the most serious statistical problems in manuscripts? What statistical design information should the methods include? How can editors identify papers that need statistical review? How can editors interpret what statistical reviewers say? How can editors identify statisticians who are willing to review manuscripts? PMID- 3205999 TI - Comparing the effects of different durations of the same therapy. AB - With clinical trials that compare different durations of the same therapy, particular problems arise when the main response criterion is time to an event, such as death or relapse. With such trials, we first discuss the appropriate time(s) for randomization in the context of both the two-treatment trial and the three-treatment trial, where one of the treatments is a control. We then propose a proportional hazards model with time-varying treatment effects for analysis of a three-treatment trial in which randomization occurs on entry to the study. We illustrate the methodology with a trial of intravesical chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. PMID- 3206000 TI - A statistical methodology for postmarketing surveillance of adverse drug reaction reports. AB - This paper presents a statistically optimal exact hypothesis testing procedure for detecting changes in sales adjusted adverse drug reaction (ADR) rates between historical and current periods, with a computer program that implements this test appended. We provide discussions and illustrations on how to monitor ADR rates for product lines that consist of several pharmacologically equivalent dosage forms. PMID- 3206001 TI - Identifying important results from multiple statistical tests. AB - When many statistical tests are performed simultaneously, the overall chance of a type I error (incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis) can substantially exceed the nominal error rate used in each individual test. Numerous techniques exist to adjust results of individual tests to control this problem. In general, these techniques apply a more stringent criterion of statistical significance (a smaller P-value) to each individual test than normally needed to maintain the experimentwise type I error. With an analysis that seeks to identify results for further research, however, such a conservative technique may not be appropriate. We present a new approach that uses a mixture of several distributions to model the set of P-values or of test statistics. One component models the results consistent with a failure to reject the null hypothesis, while the other distribution(s) in the mixture represent results inconsistent with the null hypothesis. These latter results may not achieve statistical significance based on a conventional P-value. We illustrate the use of the method on national mortality data and on several data sets analysed previously. PMID- 3206002 TI - Forecasting the demand on accident and emergency departments in health districts in the Trent region. AB - The annual new, return and total attendances at Accident and Emergency (A and E) Departments for Trent district and the whole of the Trent region are forecast for the years 1986 to 1994 by using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series model applied to the SH3 A and E returns for 1974 to 1985. The 1986 forecasts of annual new, return and total attendances in Trent districts are compared with the actual attendances observed; the new attendance forecasts were found accurate, the return attendance forecasts less so. The latter may reflect inability to predict changing policies on return attendances of individual A and E departments. The 1994 ARIMA forecasts of annual A and E new attendances for Trent districts are compared with the 1984 based regional guidelines for 1994 and the projections for individual districts. Both the ARIMA models and the health districts' own projections produce a different forecast to the 1994 regional guideline which seems to overestimate. The forecasting methodology used has other applications in health care planning. PMID- 3206003 TI - The effect of non-differential exposure misclassification on estimates of the attributable and prevented fraction. AB - This paper considers the effect of non-differential exposure misclassification on the population attributable fraction and the population prevented fraction as a function of the sensitivity and specificity of the exposure classification, the true relative risk, and the true prevalence of the exposure. Given a certain set of sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence of the exposure, the apparent attributable fraction is a constant proportion of the true attributable fraction regardless of the true relative risk. This observation does not hold for the apparent prevented fraction and the apparent relative risk, both of which vary with the true relative risk. For both the attributable and the prevented fraction, the sensitivity of the exposure classification has a greater influence on the magnitude of the bias than the specificity; also, the higher the prevalence of the exposure, the larger is the bias caused by the imperfect exposure classification. PMID- 3206004 TI - Cross-over trials, carry-over effects and the art of self-delusion. PMID- 3206005 TI - [Genetic fingerprinting as a tool in identification and in the study of paternity]. PMID- 3206006 TI - [Aging and esophageal transit. A study using krypton isotopes]. PMID- 3206007 TI - [Human experimentation]. PMID- 3206008 TI - [Hydronephrosis in children]. PMID- 3206009 TI - [The bones of the skull (2). The bone cavities of the face. Principal nose fractures]. PMID- 3206010 TI - [Pleural drainage (2)]. PMID- 3206011 TI - [Surgical treatment of caustic burns of the digestive tract]. PMID- 3206012 TI - [Surgery of the neoplastic or burnt esophagus. Problems with anesthesia]. PMID- 3206013 TI - [Surgery of caustic or neoplastic esophageal stenoses. Role of the circulating nurse]. PMID- 3206014 TI - [Esophagoplasty using an ileocolonic graft. Role of the circulating nurse]. PMID- 3206015 TI - [Esophagectomy via a right-sided thoracic approach. Role of the circulating nurse]. PMID- 3206016 TI - [Esophagectomy by stripping after ingestion of a caustic. Postoperative care and monitoring of the patient]. PMID- 3206017 TI - [Postoperative surveillance and complications after esophageal surgery]. PMID- 3206018 TI - [Esophageal cancer. Epidemiology, clinical aspects and pre-therapeutic assessment]. PMID- 3206019 TI - [Treatment of the operated esophagus by massage and physical therapy]. PMID- 3206021 TI - [Nursing care for unconscious patients]. PMID- 3206020 TI - [Psycho-pathological approach to suicide attempts by ingestion of "Destop"]. PMID- 3206022 TI - [Trophic problems in vascular disease of the lower extremities daily nursing care]. PMID- 3206023 TI - [Ingestion of caustic materials. Admission and surveillance during the first hours]. PMID- 3206024 TI - [Community psychiatry]. PMID- 3206025 TI - [The body, the soul, the physician]. PMID- 3206026 TI - [Go see a psychiatrist! Or various observations on the need for psychiatric treatment]. PMID- 3206027 TI - [From the other side of the mirror]. PMID- 3206028 TI - [Social service for ambulatory psychiatric patients. Or how one regards the mentally disturbed person in his social projection]. PMID- 3206029 TI - [Referral to the psychiatrist]. PMID- 3206030 TI - [Activities at a crisis center. The center for therapeutic intervention]. PMID- 3206031 TI - [The function of a community hospital: justification and illustration]. PMID- 3206032 TI - [Flight over a nest of psychiatric nurses]. PMID- 3206033 TI - [A patient, a therapist, a day center: some of their interactions]. PMID- 3206034 TI - [From psychiatrist to family physician or return to sender]. PMID- 3206035 TI - [Clinical aspects and singularity. Essay on the poetic dimension in the psychoanalysis of psychoses]. PMID- 3206037 TI - [The body as an outlet. Reflections on psychosomatic diseases]. PMID- 3206036 TI - [The time to take time... in psychogeriatrics]. PMID- 3206038 TI - [Pickwickian syndrome or Dickens betrayed]. PMID- 3206039 TI - [The story of M. H. or the life of a 3d-year medical student during a medicosocial term outside of the hospital]. PMID- 3206040 TI - [Response to: "Open question to those responsible for the MMR vaccination program" by Dr. R. Ph. Gaillet]. PMID- 3206041 TI - [Response to Dr. Gaillet's letter: An open question to those responsible for the MMR vaccination program]. PMID- 3206042 TI - [Surgery and endoscopy: the situation in orthopedics]. PMID- 3206043 TI - [Arthroscopy of the knee]. PMID- 3206044 TI - [Therapeutic endoscopy in gastroenterology]. PMID- 3206045 TI - [Endoscopic surgery in ORL]. PMID- 3206046 TI - [Various aspects of bronchoscopy]. PMID- 3206047 TI - [Classical lumbar approach and endoscopy in neurosurgery]. PMID- 3206048 TI - [10 years' experience in ambulatory and hospital consultation in oncology at the Monthey hospital]. PMID- 3206049 TI - [The value of routine thoracic radiography at the time of admission at a psychogeriatric department]. PMID- 3206050 TI - [From Fallot to our times, 100 years of progress in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 3206051 TI - [Technical progress in medical radiology: benefit or misfortune?]. PMID- 3206052 TI - Cardiovascular and respiratory relationships with neuronal discharge in the central nucleus of the amygdala during sleep-waking states. AB - We examined state-related relationships of neuronal discharge in the central nucleus of the amygdala (ACE) with cardiac and respiratory patterning. ACE cell discharges correlated with cardiac and respiratory timing, arterial pressure, and several respiratory parameters in undrugged, freely moving cats during waking, quiet sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep. Phasic discharge with the cardiac or respiratory cycle was examined using cross-correlation histograms. Of 80 cells in 8 cats, 24% showed a timing relationship with the cardiac or respiratory cycle, i.e., a tendency to discharge with each cardiac R-wave or with each breath, 12% with the cardiac cycle, and 14% with the respiratory cycle (2 cells showed both). All timing relationships were state dependent, usually observed in only one sleep waking state per cell. Over half the cells showed a significant Pearson's r rate correlation with respiratory period or arterial pressure. Two-thirds of the cells showing arterial pressure correlations also correlated with respiratory period. A substantial proportion of ACE cells thus shows a state-dependent modulation of discharge rate and pattern by cardiovascular and respiratory variables. Rate and timing relationships were mutually exclusive within states, suggesting a state dependent functional differentiation within the ACE. PMID- 3206053 TI - The QT interval during wake and sleep in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. AB - Eight patients with frequent ventricular ectopy underwent continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) and polygraphic monitoring for 4 days. A complex protocol consisted of normal day-night, activity-nonactivity, cycles for 48 h (nine patients); followed by a 24-h awake bedrest; and finally by a very delayed sleep and inactivity phase in the morning before returning to a normal day-night cycle (eight patients only). ECG tracings showed that the QT intervals during rapid eye movement sleep and nonrapid eye movement sleep increased significantly when compared with active wakefulness. The Bazett's corrected QT (QTc) interval also increased from active wakefulness to rapid eye movement sleep and nonrapid eye movement sleep. Adjusted mean QT intervals computed using the RR [corrected] interval as a covariate were significantly longer during non-rapid-eye-movement (407 ms) and rapid-eye-movement (408 ms) sleep than during active wakefulness (386 ms). The RR-adjusted mean QT intervals during inactive wake were also longer (400 ms) but this clear trend did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.08). Although prolongation of the QT interval during sleep reflects inactivity that may be related to withdrawal of sympathetic tone, we postulate that sleep per se also has an effect on the interval. PMID- 3206054 TI - Night-to-night variability in sleep apnea and sleep-related periodic leg movements in the elderly. AB - The amount of night-to-night variability in sleep apnea (SA) and sleep-related periodic leg movements (PLMs) is largely unknown but, despite this, clinical decisions are based on single-night studies in many clinical sleep laboratories. We examined variability in SA and PLMs over three nights in 46 community-resident seniors. No evidence was found for either a first-night effect or a directional trend across nights in either the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) or the Movement Index (MI), despite a prominent first-night effect on pattern of sleep. Duration of apneas/hypopneas and degree of associated heart rate change and oxygen desaturation in subjects with SA and intermovement interval in subjects with PLMs also failed to show systematic change across nights. However, if a cut off score of 5/h for RDI and MI was used, the classification recorded on the first night did differ from the classification given on at least one of the other nights in 43% of the subjects. The magnitude of fluctuation in RDI or MI from night to night was large enough in some subjects that, in a clinical situation, decisions based on one night would have been entirely different had the subject been studied on a different night. Night-to-night variability in RDI and MI within subjects also was associated with significant alterations in the sleep pattern. We conclude that caution should be taken in drawing conclusions from single-night studies, especially in individuals with relatively mild forms of SA and PLMs where nightly variations could easily place them above or below an arbitrary cut-off score. PMID- 3206055 TI - The effect of total sleep deprivation on plasma melatonin and cortisol in healthy human volunteers. AB - Twelve healthy volunteers were included in this study. Baseline curves for melatonin and cortisol were obtained after one night of adaptation to laboratory conditions. From 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m., blood samples were drawn every hour. On the third night, the subjects were kept awake at the sleep unit. Curves for the two hormones were then obtained after 36 h of total sleep deprivation (SD). The levels of these hormones were evaluated by calculating the area under the curve at each hour in both situations (basal and after sleep deprivation). It was found that the melatonin levels were increased after sleep deprivation, whereas the cortisol levels remained the same. These results suggest a mechanism by which a reset of abnormal rhythms can occur in depression. PMID- 3206056 TI - Sleep need in adolescents: a longitudinal approach. AB - A sample of 190 male and female "high school" students completed a sleep questionnaire for the first time when they were 10 to 14 years old. The survey was repeated five times at 2 year intervals. Ninety-three subjects answered the questionnaire each time. Subjective sleep need was assessed by the indicated wish for more sleep. The wish for more sleep was very pronounced, varying between 54.3% and 74.5% across the years. Individual consistency, however, was low since only 14.5% of the adolescents indicated the wish for more sleep in each survey, emphasizing the state dependency of this variable. Within each total sample, subjects with the wish for more sleep (MSL) and with sufficient sleep (SSL) were compared. Subjective sleep need was consistently validated by a syndrome of morning-tiredness. In the last two surveys, there was reduced time in bed (TIB) on weekdays in MSL subjects and longer TIB during vacation in surveys 2 through 5. Furthermore, MSL subjects more often showed irregular sleep habits. The previous sleep history of the MSL subjects in the last survey indicated that concomitants of the wish for more sleep were already experienced earlier in adolescence. The desired sleep duration of these subjects was 1.7 h longer than their current sleep on weekdays, an amount they had not obtained on weekdays since early adolescence. It is concluded that a substantial proportion of the adolescents seem to have had difficulties adapting to the general sleep time reduction occurring in adolescence. PMID- 3206057 TI - Sleep and waking states in infancy: normative studies. AB - Twelve-hour polygraphic recordings were obtained in 20 normal healthy term infants at 1 week of age, at monthly intervals up to 4 months, and at 6 months of age. Each minute of these recordings was coded into active sleep (AS), quiet sleep (QS), wakefulness (AW), or indeterminate (IN) based on polygraphic and behavioral variables. For each state, a dozen variables were computed with the help of a laboratory computer. Together these variables describe trends in the development of sleep and wakefulness in the laboratory: an increase in QS and a concomitant decrease in AS, an increase in sustained episodes of these states, and continuous sleep onset in AS throughout this time span. Considerable variability appears to characterize immature sleep patterns, but a reduction in variability was noted between 3 and 4 months of age. The number of sustained sleep-state episodes and the percentage of AS and IN proved to be stable characteristics of individual infants. The large variability among and within infants sheds doubt on the usefulness of polygraphic monitoring of sleep states for early detection of abnormalities. PMID- 3206058 TI - Body position does not affect apnea frequency. PMID- 3206059 TI - Role of the mononuclear phagocyte system in the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - In studies aimed at defining monocyte and macrophage function in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we found impaired in vivo Fc receptor-specific clearance in 20 of 25 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in five of 13 patients with AIDS-related illnesses. The in vivo function of macrophage C3 receptors was also found to be abnormal: AIDS patients had a relatively large release of cell back into the circulation, suggesting failure of macrophage phagocytosis. The antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity of circulating mononuclear cells was significantly lower in AIDS patients than in healthy controls. Monocyte nonspecific phagocytosis and surface marker expression were intact. Defective monocyte and macrophage function is an integral part of the immunopathology of AIDS, leading to the failure to control opportunistic pathogens. Whether these defects are due to intrinsic infection of the mononuclear phagocytes with HIV or are secondary to other events in the network of HIV infection remains to be determined. PMID- 3206060 TI - Species identification in haemophilus infection. PMID- 3206061 TI - Nosocomial bacteremia and sinusitis in nasotracheally intubated patients in intensive care. PMID- 3206062 TI - Empyema in pneumococcal bacteremia. PMID- 3206063 TI - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis. PMID- 3206064 TI - Chronic Q fever hepatitis. PMID- 3206065 TI - Influence of charcoal on ciprofloxacin activity. PMID- 3206066 TI - Serodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis. PMID- 3206067 TI - International cooperation in rabies research. AB - International cooperation in rabies research focuses on four areas of activity- surveillance, technical cooperation in the planning of national programs, coordination of the control programs of neighboring countries along their borders, and enforcement of national regulations. It is the goal of the World Health Organization to see that every member state has the opportunity to formulate plans for the elimination of rabies. PMID- 3206068 TI - Role of lesser developed nations in rabies research. AB - The contributions of lesser developed nations to rabies research can be significant in several areas. The type of health system that supports complex veterinary-public health programs, the operational research that is required in these countries, the follow-up epidemiologic surveillance, and the involvement in technology transfer concerning new rabies vaccines and rapid and simple diagnostic procedures are all crucial to the success of rabies prevention in developing countries. Results of a relevant research project carried out in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal, India, are discussed. PMID- 3206069 TI - Wildlife rabies: overview of ecology and epidemiology. AB - One area of increasing importance to rabies research is cooperation between organizations: industry and government, academia and government, and various local and national levels of government. The need for cooperation between countries is also emphasized. Such cooperation could provide more effective and economical rabies control. PMID- 3206070 TI - Skunk rabies. AB - In North America, the number of cases of rabies diagnosed in skunks generally exceeds that in either raccoons or foxes. Enzootic skunk rabies occurs mainly in four geographic regions: (1) southern Ontario and Quebec and upper New York State; (2) the north central United States and the Canadian provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta; (3) California; and (4) south central United States (Texas and several adjacent states). Rabies in these areas (in skunks and, to a large extent, in other terrestrial mammals) is caused mainly by three street virus variants, as determined by monoclonal antibody testing (one variant for areas 2 and 3 and separate variants for each of areas 1 and 4). Experimental studies suggest that the species specificity (e.g., raccoon vs. skunk) of enzootic rabies is due, at least partly, to differences in the pathogenicity of variants of rabies virus. PMID- 3206071 TI - Rabies in the kudu antelope (Tragelaphus strepsiceros). AB - An epizootic of rabies in the greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) occurred in Namibia during 1977-1983. The virus strain involved in the epizootic proved to be identical to rabies strains found in infected dogs in many African countries. Such a sudden and large outbreak of rabies could not be explained on the basis of the etiologic agent. A thorough investigation into kudu characteristics revealed that the kudu population had increased disproportionally before the epizootic in response to favorable conditions. The social behavior of the kudu, i.e., group browsing on acacia trees, whose thorns cause lesions in the kudu's oral cavity, as well as the excretion of relatively high titers of virus in the saliva of infected animals provide suitable conditions for transmission in the kudu population after initial infection through the jackal or other species. These factors offer an explanation for this epizootic. PMID- 3206072 TI - Roles of the wolf and the raccoon dog in the ecology and epidemiology of rabies in the USSR. AB - At the end of the 1960s, the roles of the wolf and the raccoon dog in the ecology and epidemiology of rabies in the USSR increased rapidly. This increase was caused by a lack of attention to measures of wolf control and by the introduction of the raccoon dog into the European part of the USSR. The intensification of control measures led to a decrease in the role played by these animals in the ecology and epidemiology of rabies. PMID- 3206073 TI - Monoclonal antibody studies of rabies in insectivorous bats of the United States. AB - Isolates of rabies virus from terrestrial animals in six geographically separate rabies enzootic areas of the United States were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the viral N protein. Characteristic differences in immunofluorescence reactions permitted the formation of five antigenically distinct reaction groups from the 328 isolates tested. Distinctive reaction patterns were also identified for isolates from four species of bats. These observations were used to determine the role of infected bats in 19 cases of rabies that had occurred in terrestrial animals living in areas free of enzootic rabies in terrestrial wildlife and to estimate the contribution of infected bats to rabies in cats and foxes in the United States. The findings suggest that monoclonal antibodies can be used to study the prevalence, distribution, and transmission of rabies among wildlife species. PMID- 3206074 TI - Oral rabies vaccination: an overview. AB - The vaccination of wild animals against rabies was first attempted in 1962 after the repeated failure of poisoning or trapping to control the movement of the disease in these species. The initial requirements of such a vaccine were that it be efficacious and inexpensive, that it allow animals to immunize themselves, and that it not cause vaccine rabies in the target species. Foxes were chosen for research purposes because they are a problem species and are exquisitely susceptible to rabies. The first successful laboratory studies with attenuated vaccine came in 1971, and the first field trial (successful) was carried out in Switzerland beginning in 1978. Other species have not yet been immunized in the field. PMID- 3206075 TI - Oral immunization of wildlife against rabies: concept and first field experiments. AB - The possibility of immunizing carnivores against rabies with live attenuated vaccine administered by the oral route was raised by North American scientists in the 1960s. Subsequently, several American and European teams tested different vaccine strains in the laboratory for efficacy and safety and studied vaccine stabilization, vaccine delivery systems, bait acceptance by wild animals, and bait distribution schemes. The first field trial of a cloned SAD (Street Alabama Dufferin) strain in baits designed to immunize foxes orally was conducted in an Alpine valley in Switzerland in 1978. A population containing approximately 60% immune foxes at the valley entrance stopped the spread of the disease into untreated upper parts of the valley. The strategic use of oral vaccination of foxes in additional regions of Switzerland resulted in freedom from the zoonosis in four-fifths of the country. PMID- 3206076 TI - Current oral rabies vaccination in Europe: an interim balance. AB - The field trial for the oral immunization of foxes against rabies in the Federal Republic of Germany began in 1983 and since the end of 1985 has had the specific goal of the elimination of rabies in large interdependent areas of that country. To meet this goal it was necessary to develop methods for the large-scale production of the SAD (Street Alabama Dufferin) clone B19 vaccine as well as to develop a bait that could be mass-produced (the Tubingen fox bait). It has been shown that after a single vaccination campaign in the field approximately 75% of the fox population is immune to rabies and that after one or two repeated campaigns vaccination in many areas could be discontinued. Participation in the field trial in circumscribed border areas was extended to Italy in 1985 and to Austria, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France in 1986. For the first time, through the use of oral immunization, a method for the elimination of rabies is available that is effective, safe, inexpensive, and practical. Further, this method meets the requirements of animal-protection societies, does not interfere with the preservation of endangered species, and therefore represents a significant political factor. PMID- 3206077 TI - An aerial baiting system for the distribution of attenuated or recombinant rabies vaccines for foxes, raccoons, and skunks. AB - An aerial baiting system was developed to deliver oral rabies vaccines to wild carnivore vectors of rabies, e.g., red fox, striped skunk, and raccoon. The bait consists of a polyethylene bag that contains either a 30-g hamburger ball or a 25 mL cube of polyurethane sponge coated with a wax-beef tallow mixture containing 100-150 mg of tetracycline as a biomarker. Attractants used with the sponge were added to the bag (e.g., liver slurry, cheeses, fish oils, or fruits). Baits (greater than 80,000) were dropped from light aircraft at densities of 18-120 baits/km2 over test areas in Ontario and Pennsylvania. Rates of bait acceptance were assessed by the presence of fluorescent tetracycline deposits in the teeth of animals obtained from hunters and trappers. Bait acceptance reached 74% in foxes, 54% in skunks, 43% in raccoons, and 85% in coyotes in the Ontario trials; bait acceptance by raccoons in a small trial in Pennsylvania reached 76%. Also, 66% of juvenile foxes that ate baits ate a second bait 7 or more days after eating the first, thus giving the potential for a booster effect. The cost of aerial distribution of bait (excluding cost of bait and vaccine) in Canadian dollars was $1.45/km2. The aerial distribution system is capable of economically reaching a high proportion of foxes, skunks, and raccoons over large areas. Trials with attenuated ERA (Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth) vaccines are under way in Ontario. PMID- 3206078 TI - Public health aspects of current oral rabies vaccines. AB - The use of a live oral rabies vaccine for the immunization of foxes is an accomplished fact. An oral rabies vaccine for field use has been developed, with care taken to ensure that the vaccine virus will not become established in nature. Education has been a major component of oral rabies vaccination campaigns. PMID- 3206079 TI - Domestic animal rabies control: an overview. AB - Models for rabies control, particularly in dogs and cats in urban centers in Western nations, have been based on mandatory regular vaccination and restriction of movement of animals, with removal of unrestricted animals. When this three component approach has been unsuccessful or only temporarily maintained, especially in developing countries, constraints on implementation and maintenance, rather than the model itself, have been blamed. The ecology of the reservoir animals, the relations of dogs and cats to people, and the development of culturally adaptable approaches to rabies control have received little serious attention. As a part of a rabies control pilot program assisted by the World Health Organization, the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, was chosen as an urban center of high rabies prevalence in animals and high rabies risk in people. The ecology of dogs and cats was investigated, and the findings were applied in developing a model based on community education, annual house-to-house vaccination campaigns, stabilization of the dog and cat populations, limitation of restriction and removal of animals to focal-outbreak control, and environmental measures to promote population control. Initial implementation has been successful, and longitudinal studies are in place to monitor maintenance of control. PMID- 3206080 TI - Pathogenesis of rabies virus infection in dogs. AB - Most dogs experimentally infected with street rabies virus showed clinical signs of rabies before death, but up to 18% of the dogs died without showing detectable signs of illness. In dogs showing signs, rabies was not invariably fatal. Up to 20% of dogs recovered without any supportive treatment. Some dogs inoculated with American (southern Texas) or Ethiopian canine street virus excreted virus in their saliva up to 14 days before signs appeared. There was no relation between the time of excretion of virus in the saliva and the titer of virus in the salivary glands at death. One dog that recovered from rabies intermittently excreted rabies virus in its saliva for a long time. The carrier state in rabies may play a significant role in the perpetuation and survival of the virus and may become a source for rabies outbreaks whenever a new generation of rabies susceptibles reaches critical density. PMID- 3206081 TI - Program for the elimination of urban rabies in Latin America. AB - The status of rabies in Latin America and the Caribbean is described. The probable evolution of rabies is described. The probable evolution of rabies is analyzed, especially with respect to the effect of urbanization in the large cities of the hemisphere and its possible impact on the epidemiology of urban rabies. Several alternatives for the control of rabies are discussed, as are the strategies for their implementation at the continental, subregional, and country levels. PMID- 3206082 TI - Organization of mass vaccination for dog rabies in Brazil. AB - The present study reports results of the mass dog rabies vaccination campaigns that took place in Brazil between 1980 and 1985 as a measure of reducing the incidence of rabies in urban areas of the country. Particular focus is given to the organization of these campaigns, which took place on a single day in more than 1,000 towns in 20 states, including large metropolitan areas such as Rio de Janeiro. Three levels of public health services (federal, state, and municipal) were involved in the organization of these campaigns. The massive participation of the community is also emphasized. Nearly 100,000 people from different segments of the community, especially students and members of the armed forces and state military police, participated as vaccinators or in other roles on the national day of the dog rabies vaccination. Another fundamental point is the support given in the media by means of national and state broadcasts during the 2 weeks before the day of vaccination. The study shows a progressive decrease in the number of cases of rabies in dogs and in humans during the period, a decrease that can be reasonably attributed to the increase in the number of vaccinations for dog rabies. In 1980 there were reported 4,570 cases of rabies in dogs and 168 cases of rabies in humans; in 1985 the incidence was reduced to 496 and 52 cases, respectively. PMID- 3206083 TI - Mass vaccination campaign against rabies: are dogs correctly protected? The Peruvian experience. AB - In a mass vaccination campaign conducted in Peru in March 1985, 270,000 dogs (65% of the estimated dog population) were vaccinated over the course of 1 month with an inactivated tissue culture vaccine. Since that time no human rabies cases have been reported; in addition, the number of animal rabies cases has declined to only three from a previous mean of 292 cases per year since 1980. A serologic survey was also done to determine the immune response among randomly selected vaccinated dogs, with titers determined 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after vaccination. Twelve months after vaccination, 97% of the dogs had a rabies neutralizing antibody titer of greater than or equal to 0.5 IU/mL, and 87% had a titer of greater than or equal to 1.0 IU/mL. Thus, this tissue culture rabies vaccine given under field conditions induced antibodies that lasted for at least 1 year in 97% of vaccinated dogs. PMID- 3206084 TI - Experience in field rabies control programs. AB - The Tunisian experience in a recent field rabies control program is described. The Tunisian program emphasizes control of rabies in dogs, the essential source of virus for other animals and humans. The different phases of this program to reduce and eliminate canine rabies by systematic vaccination of accessible dogs and removal of other dogs are described, recent results are presented, and future plans are discussed in light of these results. PMID- 3206085 TI - Vampire bat-transmitted rabies in cattle. AB - A short history of bovine paralytic rabies in the Americas is given. Based on information from the Animal Health Yearbook--a cooperative publication of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Office of Epizootics (OIE)--a comparison is made of the epidemiology of the disease in 1968, 1978, and 1985. An important reduction in the number of cases of rabies was observed in some countries (Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama), mainly as a result of the use of effective vaccines that are now available and of the application of new technology to reduce the vampire bat population, the vector of the disease in cattle. The trials performed in Argentina and Mexico in the 1960s and 1970s provide enough evidence that many vaccines will protect cattle against bovine paralytic rabies. Results of these trials are presented. PMID- 3206086 TI - Failure to thrive, wasting syndrome, and immunodeficiency in rabies: a hypophyseal/hypothalamic/thymic axis effect of rabies virus. AB - Studies of rabies virus in several animal models consistently showed hypothalamic infection, hypophyseal infection, dramatic growth impairment (in the form of failure to thrive), wasting syndrome, and immune depletion. Rabies virus infection was studied through routine monoclonal antinucleocapsid antibody immunofluorescence and through a peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoperoxidase method. The latter was modified to detect the in situ production of growth hormone by uninfected and rabies virus-infected adeno-a-pituicytes (with confirmation of the results both in vivo and in vitro). Infection with rabies virus made the specialized pituicytes produce less growth hormone. Growth before rabies virus infection and its reduction due to infection were investigated in a linear regression model. The fit was statistically significant (P less than .05) in all species studied: mouse, rat, rabbit, cow, and cat. Immune depression was studied in terms of alterations in the immunotopography of the thymus and also the specific T- and B-cell homing areas of the spleen (although spleen data are not presented here). On the basis of these results and a thorough review of wasting syndromes encountered in other diseases, a primary failure to thrive and an ensuing wasting syndrome were described and characterized for rabies, and their origin was assigned to a dysfunction of the hypophyseal/hypothalamic/thymic axis associated with at least (but not necessarily only) one of the centrally controlled growth hormones. PMID- 3206087 TI - Tissue culture-based rabies vaccines: vaccine production technology transfer. AB - Overcoming stagnation in rabies prevention programs in the developing world requires national strategies that include plans to adopt existing facilities for production of low-cost efficacious tissue culture-based vaccine. Transfer of tissue culture technology for the production of rabies vaccine has been supported by the World Health Organization and The Rockefeller Foundation, and in the fall of 1986 the location of the optimal site for the initial technology transfer program was agreed upon. Funds were provided to assemble training staff and to purchase the supplies and equipment to furnish a production facility at the Veterinary Products Company of Colombia (VECOL) located in Bogota, Colombia. PMID- 3206088 TI - Use of serum and vaccine in combination for prophylaxis following exposure to rabies. AB - Persons seriously wounded by rabid animals in China were administered postexposure rabies treatment with serum and vaccine. Some of these exposures were similar to those described in an attack by a rabid wolf in Iran in 1954, in which some persons developed rabies. Postexposure treatment consisted of the administration of primary hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine and purified equine antirabies serum. Persons with severe wounds from the bites of rabid animals survived without sequelae when the serum and vaccine were administered together within 3 days of the bite, and persons with superficial exposures survived after treatment with vaccine alone. Serum neutralizing antibodies were present 1 year after the patients had received a full course of treatment. Some persons with severe wounds who had not received antiserum and vaccine died of rabies. PMID- 3206089 TI - Antigenic diversity of the glycoprotein and nucleocapsid proteins of rabies and rabies-related viruses: implications for epidemiology and control of rabies. AB - Rabies virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have served to describe operationally the topography of the antigenic structure of the glycoprotein and nucleocapsid proteins of rabies virus. With the use of nucleocapsid protein specific MAbs and cleavage fragments of the nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein, it has been possible to identify the chemical structure of two antigenic sites of the nucleoprotein and one antigenic site of the phosphoprotein. Antisera produced to synthetic peptides that make up the structure of these antigenic sites exhibited reactivities similar to those of MAbs. Analysis of a large number of isolates of rabies virus from different animal species and from different geographic locations revealed that rabies viruses differ considerably in their antigenic structure and can be identified according to their characteristic reactivity patterns with MAbs. Analysis of field virus isolates has also revealed that strains of rabies virus generally are associated with only one or a few major mammalian hosts within any given geographic area. Protection experiments in mice have not demonstrated correlations between protective activity and degree of antigenic difference between the vaccine strain and the challenge virus. Therefore, changes in antigenic structure, as determined by analysis with rabies virus-specific MAbs, cannot predict whether a given rabies vaccine will protect against a particular field virus. PMID- 3206090 TI - Development of animal recombinant DNA vaccine and its efficacy in foxes. AB - Rabies is prevalent in most parts of the world. An extensive reservoir of the disease is present in the population of wild animals. The fox in particular is a major vector of the disease in North America and Europe. Although attempts to control rabies by vaccination of wild carnivores with attenuated rabies virus have met with some success, this approach remains controversial. The potential of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the rabies glycoprotein for the protection of foxes against rabies was examined. Both the parental (wild-type) and recombinant viruses were found to be innocuous to foxes. Inoculation of live recombinant virus via the subcutaneous, intradermal, or oral routes uniformly elicited high titers of neutralizing antibodies, and animals that received 10(8) plaque-forming units of the recombinant virus in bait resisted severe challenge with live rabies virus. PMID- 3206091 TI - Efficacy of a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine in raccoons (Procyon lotor). AB - Raccoon rabies exists in epizootic proportions in the southeastern and mid Atlantic regions of the United States, but efficacious oral vaccines for control of rabies in this important vector have not been previously demonstrated. Alternatively, a vaccinia recombinant virus vaccine (V-RG) expressing the ERA (Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth) rabies virus glycoprotein was highly immunogenic for laboratory animals and raccoons by the intradermal, intramuscular, and oral routes. Raccoons that ate a synthetic sponge bait containing 1.0 mL (10(8) pfu/mL) of V-RG were completely (eight of eight) or 80% (eight of 10) protected from challenge with street rabies virus at 30 and 205 days after ingestion, respectively. In laboratory contact trials limited V-RG transmission occurred between animals that were rabies seronegative and those that were orally immunized and seropositive. After ingestion of bait, V-RG virus was recovered from buccal mucosa, tonsil, and parotid or submandibular lymph nodes of raccoons within 24-48 hours of oral immunization but not thereafter. Adult and immature raccoons showed no adverse clinical signs or gross or microscopic lesions attributable to V-RG vaccination at any time. PMID- 3206092 TI - Glimpses into the future of rabies research. AB - Much is now known about the chemical composition of the rabies virus but little is known of its pathogenesis. Techniques used commonly in molecular biology research can and should be applied to questions about the behavior of the rabies virus and the responses of the challenged host so that new generations of vaccines may be produced. The vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine acts by inducing neutralizing antibody to rabies virus and completely protects various species of vaccinated animals against challenge with rabies virus. The vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine is the most promising of the new generation of rabies serums. PMID- 3206093 TI - [Deflected cephalic presentation. Apropos of 80 cases]. PMID- 3206094 TI - [What lesions of the myometrium are responsible for hemorrhage?]. AB - Based on a personal series of 54 cases of endo-uterine haemorrhage with normal endometrium, the authors show that lesions of the myometrium which may result in haemorrhages, consist mainly of interstitial or submucous myomas and adenomyosis, i.e. lesions on which medical treatments are ineffective. Ultrasonography, but mainly clinical data and hysterography very often demonstrate the lesions and are sufficient to indicate a hysterectomy or a myomectomy. The problem is more difficult when the clinical, ultrasonographic and hysterographic work-up is negative or barely evocative. In these cases, after ruling out certain functional haemorrhages or a haemorrhagic disease, it is useful to take an histological sample of the endometrium either by curettage or biopsy, on an ambulatory basis (using Inocurette for instance). If this examination is normal, hysterectomy is indicated, because, in their experience, there are such lesions of the myometrium, that recurrence of the haemorrhages is inevitable. PMID- 3206095 TI - [A comparative study of serum progesterone and biopsy of the endometrium in infertile females]. AB - We have titrated the serum progesterone and performed an endometrial biopsy on 69 infertile women, on the 21st day of the cycle. In 19 cases (27.5%), the serum progesterone levels were normal and the endometrium was at an advanced secretory stage. In 28 cases (40.5%), although the serum progesterone levels were normal, the endometrium was at an early secretory stage in 9 cases. In 29 cases (42%), the serum progesterone levels were under 8 ng/ml but for 20 of them, the endometrium was at an advanced secretory stage. In 12 cases (17.5%), there were anovulatory cycles. PMID- 3206096 TI - [Seasonal, weekly and lunar cycles of birth. Statistical study of 12,035,680 births]. AB - The authors have studied the seasonal, weekly and lunar rhythms which could characterize deliveries, based on 12,035,680 french births, between January 1, 1968 and December 31, 1982. The seasonal rhythm is the most remarkable. It is characterized by a maximum of newborn in May and a minimum in November; there is an increased number of births during the month of September. The weekly rhythm is characterized by a drop in the number of births especially on Sundays, but also on Saturdays, with a maximum on Tuesday. The number of births also fluctuate according to the lunar cycle. Their amplitude is low. They are however significant. From that standpoint, these results confirm other studies already conducted in France and the USA, in a much smaller scale. PMID- 3206097 TI - [Denny-Brown sensory neuropathy disclosing a bilateral ovarian adenocarcinoma]. AB - The authors report the case of a 76 year-old woman examined because of occurrence of a paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy. Three months later, she developed a left inguinal adenopathy, metastasis of a bilateral ovarian adenocarcinoma. This case of particular interest in view of the way the neoplasm was discovered. The sensory neuropathy was previously reported to be associated with an ovarian cancer in only one case of the literature. Besides the tumor masse only limited to a left inguinal adenopathy, in this case emphasizes the ability of these rare metastasis. The ovarian cancer-associated antigen CA 125 is particularly useful for the diagnosis when high levels are found. In the absence of a pelvic tumor masse, the paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy, as well as the high levels of CA 125, have resulted in an exploratory laparotomy with extemporaneous examination of the ovaries, enabling to make the diagnosis of bilateral ovarian adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3206098 TI - [Myopericarditis in the 3d pregnancy trimester. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors describe a case of myocardiopathy, during the third trimester of pregnancy, in a patient without any significant previous cardiac history nor associated obstetrical pathology. The clinical course was uneventful without sequelae. The clinical importance of peri-partum myocardiopathy, especially regarding myocardial sequelae, imposes a differential diagnosis and an analysis of the current state of this pathological process. PMID- 3206100 TI - [The job market tomorrow]. PMID- 3206099 TI - [Lutenyl and menstrual disorders. A hospital study]. AB - The efficacy of nomegestrol acetate in the treatment of menstrual cycle disorders and dysfunctional uterine bleedings was confirmed on 66 cases in this study conducted by three hospital departments. The study also confirmed the perfect clinical tolerance of nomegestrol acetate. One knows that the same is not true with Nortestosterone derivatives which were used up to now in these indications. PMID- 3206101 TI - [The nurses on top of the poster]. PMID- 3206102 TI - [Gastrectomies: indications and postoperative monitoring]. PMID- 3206104 TI - [Systematic family therapy]. PMID- 3206103 TI - [Leaving the asylum]. PMID- 3206105 TI - [Children with hand injuries]. PMID- 3206106 TI - [Aspiration of fat or liposuction]. PMID- 3206108 TI - Establishment of highly metastatic clones without tumorigenicity derived from Dunn osteosarcoma. AB - Thirteen clones were established from a Dunn osteosarcoma by means of limiting dilution. The heterogeneity of four parameters (in vivo and in vitro growth rates, alkaline phosphatase activity and metastatic capacity) was clearly demonstrated. Statistical analysis does not reveal a high correlation between the four parameters. The highly metastatic clones 5 and 10 lost tumorigenicity at the primary site. The presence of these clones suggests that the microenvironment of the host is able to control tumor growth and that metastasis should be considered as a differentiated phenotype in tumor progression. PMID- 3206107 TI - Activities of phosphohexose isomerase and other glycolytic enzymes in normal and tumor tissue of patients with neoplastic diseases: comparison with serum activities and correlation to tumor staging and grading. AB - Of five glycolytic enzymes tested, only the serum activity of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) was elevated in the vast majority of 140 patients with gastrointestinal, kidney or mammary carcinomas. However, in the tumor tissues all enzymes were increased to about the same extent. Thus, the measured increase in the serum activity of PHI is not due to a specific overproduction in the malignant cells. A general rise in the glycolytic enzyme activities in the malignant tissue could be detected already in early stages without metastases and in well-differentiated tumors. PMID- 3206109 TI - Pancreatic oncofetal antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen in breast and colon carcinoma. AB - Pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were determined in plasma of 195 patients with breast cancer and 90 patients with colon carcinoma. Increased levels of POA and CEA were seen in 19.0 and 25.6% of patients with breast cancer, respectively. Some but not all patients showed an increase in both markers. The incidence of abnormal concentrations of POA and CEA increased with the progress of the disease. POA appears to be a useful marker in breast cancer, especially in patients who have normal CEA levels. On the other hand, colon carcinoma patients showed increased POA concentrations considerably less frequently than CEA levels. PMID- 3206110 TI - Comparison of the tyrosine kinase activity with the proliferation rate in human colon solid tumors and tumor cell lines. AB - The role of the tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathway was investigated in human colon solid tumors and colon tumor cell lines. A high level of tyrosine kinase activity was found in 7 of the 27 human solid tumors tested (26%). In these cases, a close correlation between the level of tyrosine kinase activity and the high ratio of the S phase cells has been demonstrated (r = 0.8418). High autophosphorylation accompanied by a high proliferation capacity was detected in 8 cases (29.6%). In 12 cases (44%) low tyrosine kinase activity with a lower proliferation rate was found. Seven of the 8 human colon tumor cell lines tested showed tyrosine kinase activity. Differentiation-inducing agents, such as sodium butyrate and retinoic acid, have been applied to influence the rate of cell proliferation. Treatment with 5 mM sodium butyrate (24 h) and 10 microM retinoic acid (48 h) effectively decreased the fraction of S phase cells and 3H-thymidine incorporation. The tyrosine kinase activity fell to 9-22% and to 44-65% of the original value in the case of the sodium butyrate and retinoic acid treatment, respectively. Our results suggest that a significant part of human colon tumors have an active tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathway and that tyrosine kinase plays a role in the process of proliferation rather than in the process of differentiation in these human colon tumor cell lines. PMID- 3206112 TI - Fighting the currents toward professionalism. PMID- 3206111 TI - How to turn your job into a career. PMID- 3206113 TI - It's your decision: a practical guide to modern nursing ethics (continuing education credit). PMID- 3206114 TI - Does the nursing shortage change the rules? PMID- 3206115 TI - What to do when you suspect incompetence. PMID- 3206116 TI - Death and dying: ethics at the end of life. PMID- 3206117 TI - Are you merely a witness to the patient's consent? PMID- 3206118 TI - Why AIDS wracks the conscience of nursing. PMID- 3206119 TI - Abortion: one question clearly answered. PMID- 3206120 TI - When the profit motive threatens patient care. PMID- 3206122 TI - If a child is at risk for heart disease. PMID- 3206121 TI - The safe way to work with the pharmacy. PMID- 3206123 TI - What parents need to know about trach care. PMID- 3206124 TI - My brother was a person. He also had AIDS. PMID- 3206125 TI - How we coped with a colleague's death. PMID- 3206126 TI - The importance of hope. PMID- 3206127 TI - No wound is too big for resourceful nurses. PMID- 3206128 TI - We gave Elizabeth her last trip home. PMID- 3206130 TI - The RN pin collection: more symbols of pride. PMID- 3206129 TI - Nursing diagnosis: waste of time or valued tool? PMID- 3206132 TI - Jobs don't get any better than this. PMID- 3206131 TI - Endocarditis: when bacteria invade the heart (continuing education credit). PMID- 3206133 TI - The right way to fill out an incident report. PMID- 3206134 TI - Is alcohol always bad for your patient? PMID- 3206135 TI - Home care makes privacy hard to find. PMID- 3206136 TI - Calling the shots. PMID- 3206137 TI - [Treatment of myasthenia]. PMID- 3206138 TI - [Arthropathies of hemodialyzed patients]. PMID- 3206139 TI - [Inflammatory enthesopathies]. PMID- 3206140 TI - [Dyslipidemic hypertension]. PMID- 3206141 TI - [The use of lasers in arterial pathology]. PMID- 3206142 TI - [Kaposi's disease]. PMID- 3206143 TI - [Malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3206144 TI - [Lyell's syndrome]. PMID- 3206145 TI - [Lasers in dermatology]. PMID- 3206146 TI - [Paraneoplastic syndromes]. PMID- 3206147 TI - [Calcium, calcium antagonists and coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 3206148 TI - [Calcium inhibitors and treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3206149 TI - [Calcium antagonists and cardiac rhythm disorders]. PMID- 3206150 TI - [Calcium antagonists and cerebral circulation]. PMID- 3206151 TI - [Calcium antagonists in the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome and in the treatment of esophageal spasm]. PMID- 3206152 TI - [Arterial pseudo-hypertension]. PMID- 3206153 TI - [Evolution of individual behaviors in the face of the aggressive environment of modern societies]. PMID- 3206154 TI - [Inequalities of health in France and in Great Britain]. PMID- 3206155 TI - [Musculo-cutaneous nerve syndrome in the foot. Apropos of 10 cases]. AB - In 10 cases, the authors describe the musculo-cutaneous nerve syndrome in the foot. It involves pain and paresthesias located on the dorsal aspect of the foot, occurring after local trauma or repeated microtraumas (ill fitted shoes), promoted by a static disorder (anterior hollow foot, calcaneal valgus). The diagnosis is essentially clinical, based on the presence of a Tinel sign on the dorsum of the foot and on the infiltration test. The treatment consists in the combination of local measures and steroid infiltration. Neurolysis is only indicated in case of failure of the medical treatment (4 cases). Then, it always proves to be effective. PMID- 3206156 TI - [Benign acute edematous polyarthritis in the elderly. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - Four retrospective cases of acute, benign, edematous polyarthritis are reported in elderly patients. These cases have in common a sudden onset of distal edema of the 4 extremities, which is severe, associated with primary or secondary joint pain and an inflammatory syndrome. A picture of symmetrical polyarthritis similar to rheumatoid polyarthritis develops secondarily. This polyarthritis is sero negative. In less than 2 years, it spontaneously evolves into a complete cure without any clinical or radiological sequelae. This picture appears to be a specific entity in the elderly, different from rheumatoid polyarthritis. Ten identical cases have been reported by McCarty under the name of RS3PE syndrome. The onset with edema, sero-negativity and the spontaneous cure are the main characteristics. The nosology of this disease among "polyarthritis of the elderly", is discussed here. PMID- 3206157 TI - [Generalized amyloidosis revealed by vertebral compression]. PMID- 3206158 TI - [Role of hyperthyroidism in bone complications of fluoride treatment of osteoporosis]. PMID- 3206159 TI - [Arthritis associated with collagen colitis. Apropos of 4 cases treated with mepracine]. PMID- 3206160 TI - [Reflex sympathetic algodystrophy of the lower extremity with extension to the spine]. PMID- 3206161 TI - [Pseudo-aneurysmal bone metastasis. Apropos of 6 new cases]. PMID- 3206162 TI - [Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. A new case with ultrastructural study]. PMID- 3206163 TI - [Horton's disease revealed by a trismus. 2 new cases]. PMID- 3206164 TI - [Fluoride poisoning from the Saint-Yorre water with osteomalacia. Apropos of a case with bone histomorphometric analysis]. PMID- 3206165 TI - [Osteopetrosis with intra-abdominal calcifications]. PMID- 3206166 TI - [X-ray computed tomography of a bilateral retrosomatic fissure of L2]. PMID- 3206167 TI - [Listeria monocytogenes septic arthritis of the knee]. PMID- 3206168 TI - [Cervical spondylodiscitis after intubation]. PMID- 3206169 TI - [A new case of localized myositis in Adamantiades-Behcet disease]. PMID- 3206170 TI - [Spinal and sacro-iliac ankylosis suggesting ankylosing spondyloarthritis in progressive ossifying myositis]. PMID- 3206171 TI - [Analgesia in noninvasive lithotripsy of gallstones]. PMID- 3206172 TI - [The major histocompatibility system in bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 3206173 TI - Influence of yohimbine on the formation of desmosine cross-links in elastin. PMID- 3206174 TI - Changes of butyrylcholinesterase activity in the liver and plasma of rabbits following ionizing irradiation. PMID- 3206175 TI - Effect of acute lisuride treatment on behavior in elevated plus-maze (animal model of anxiety) and on the exploratory activity in holeboard. PMID- 3206176 TI - Reactivity to the electric shocks and motor depression as a consequence of inescapable shocking: the effect of chronic imipramine treatment. PMID- 3206177 TI - Participation of connective tissue in pathogenesis of dermatoses. PMID- 3206178 TI - Half-sine stimuli and wave I of the ABR. AB - The relation between half-sine stimuli and wave I of the ABR was explored in this initial study. Electrical half-sines in both polarities at the nominal frequencies 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 and 8,000 Hz were fed through a TDH-39 phone into KEMAR, an acoustic maniken designed to reproduce the acoustic transformations of a representative pinna, ear canal and eardrum. The same electrical waveforms through the TDH phone (at a peak equivalent level of 90 dB SPL) were then used to elicit ABRs in 4 normal hearing young adult listeners. Comparisons between the acoustic waveforms and ABR wave I showed that (1) the initial condensation peaks were excitatory, and (2) wave I latency differences resulting from half-sines of the same frequency in opposite polarity appeared consistent with the timing differences between the initial condensation peaks of the opposed half-sines. PMID- 3206179 TI - The effect of acoustic neuroma removal on hearing in the contralateral ear. AB - 22 patients with unilateral acoustic neuromas were assessed audiometrically pre- and post-operatively. A high proportion (36%) were found to have a hearing loss of 10 dB or more (6 frequency average) in the contralateral ear in the post operative period. The evidence points to a cochlear site of the loss, and serial audiograms suggest that the hearing deteriorates in the immediate post-operative period. Follow-up audiometry at three months or more showed that the hearing recovered to pre-operative levels. The possible mechanism of the hearing loss is discussed. PMID- 3206180 TI - Effects of sex on auditory brainstem responses in infancy and early childhood. AB - The effects of sex on I-III, III-V and I-V interwave intervals and I, III, V ABR waves latency values have been studied in 171 normal children born at term, 94 males and 77 females, aged between 2 and 720 days. The obtained data confirm that latency values decrease progressively with age, and show that there is a statistically significant difference in wave III and V latency values and in III V and I-V intervals between males and females. Moreover, these differences seem to increase with age. The authors also discuss the possible underlying mechanisms and claim that even in infancy, sex-related variability should be taken into account. PMID- 3206181 TI - Sound attenuation of TDH-39 earphones in a standard headset and in a noise excluding headset. AB - The sound attenuation of TDH-39 earphones with MX-41/AR cushions has been measured in two different configurations: 1) earphones attached to the usual audiometric headband, and 2) earphones mounted in a noise-excluding headset, ME 70 from Madsen Electronics. The measurement method was in accordance with ISO 4869-1981 for hearing protectors, using 1/3-octave noise bands in a diffuse field. For almost all frequencies, the attenuation results (config. 1) are lower than the guidance values given in the audiometric test method standard, ISO/DIS 8253. The noise-excluding headset (config. 2) provides a 7-10 dB better attenuation. PMID- 3206182 TI - Screening for retrocochlear pathology. AB - In 1982, 135 patients were screened for possible retrocochlear pathology, by means of an investigation protocol consisting of caloric test, impedance audiometry and brainstem response audiometry (BRA). A combination of the first two of these procedures had an unacceptably low prognostic accuracy. BRA indicated retrocochlear pathology in 8 and was inconclusive in 4 cases. Enhanced computer tomography revealed an intracranial tumour in 4 of the former, while no space-occupying lesion could be demonstrated in the remainder nor in the 4 patients with inconclusive BRA. BRA is the best single test for screening of this patient category. PMID- 3206183 TI - Low-frequency auditory brainstem response threshold. AB - Auditory brainstem thresholds have been determined in 35 non-cooperative, anaesthetized children using a 'two-point audiogram' paradigm. The high-frequency point was found with a 2 kHz tone-burst without masking, and the low-frequency with a 0.5 kHz tone-burst together with 1 kHz high-pass noise masking. Great variability was found in the low-frequency thresholds, and only 3 of 18 ears with normal high-frequency thresholds had low-frequency thresholds below 70 dB nHL. It is concluded that the 0.5 kHz tone-burst with 1 kHz high-pass noise masking is not a reliable method for routine assessment of low-frequency auditory threshold at the brainstem level. PMID- 3206184 TI - Effect of band-limited clicks on ABR waves I and V. AB - Studies have shown that the I-V latency difference decreases in cases of high frequency peripheral loss. In order to limit the variability associated with a hearing-loss population, we studied this latency decrease using normal-hearing young adults. Listeners were exposed to band-limited clicks having differing low pass cutoffs. Responses to the low-pass clicks were intended to duplicate the ABRs that would be evoked by wide-band clicks in ears with high to mid-frequency hearing loss. The clicks were presented in both polarities. The primary finding was that the low-pass rarefaction clicks produced disproportionately large increases in wave I latency as low-pass cutoff frequency was reduced, i.e., as "hearing loss" extended into the mid-frequencies. This finding appears to explain, at least for the conditions of study, the shortening of the I-V interval with peripheral hearing loss. PMID- 3206185 TI - The effects on auditory function of damage to the pontine olivo-cochlear bundle in man. AB - A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) in whom a lesion developed in the pons between successive nuclear magnetic resonance image scans (MRI) is described. The patient developed intolerance of loud sounds, with distorted perception of speech and music, and abnormalities of stapedius reflex threshold, masked speech audiometry, and masking level difference assessment in the presence of an unchanged pure tone threshold. These abnormalities partially resolved over a number of months. It is postulated that the efferent olivo-cochlear bundle was involved on one side of the pons and the abnormalities are interpreted in terms of bilateral removal of inhibition from the hair cells of the cochlea. PMID- 3206186 TI - Occupational hearing impairment in pig breeders. AB - Individuals employed at pig breeding facilities are exposed to potentially harmful noise from several sources. In a building housing about 1,100 pigs, the animals themselves were found to produce a sustained noise level between 95 and 104 dBA during the feeding procedure. High-pressure cleaners used for cleaning the buildings generate between 98 and 105 dBA. We present a case of typical noise induced hearing loss, which, with reasonable certainty, can be ascribed entirely to this kind of noise exposure. General use of hearing protectors in the profession is recommended. PMID- 3206187 TI - Effect of blood sampling site on measurements of bilirubin-albumin binding. AB - Significant arterio-venous concentration gradients in metabolites such as lactate could result in sampling site differences in bilirubin binding measurements. Therefore, total bilirubin and apparent unbound bilirubin concentrations were determined on paired capillary and arterial serum samples from ten neonates with hyaline membrane disease. There were no significant arterial versus capillary differences in bilirubin binding in these infants. However, a small, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant, difference in total bilirubin concentration was found. Consistent blood sampling sites should be used for laboratory tests where arterial, venous, and capillary results differ or could conceivably differ. PMID- 3206188 TI - Quiescent fibroblasts in a cellular model system. AB - Quiescent fibroblasts are non-dividing cells in a reversible postmitotic state induced by lowering the serum concentration of the medium (e.g. from 10% to 0.3%). Three to seven days after lowering the serum concentration only minor metabolic changes will take place in the cells. During this period the quiescent fibroblasts can be used experimentally in a model system for various periods of time. PMID- 3206190 TI - Effect of venous stasis and physical exercise on plasma extracellular-superoxide dismutase. AB - The secretory protein extracellular-superoxide dismutase is the major superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzyme in the extracellular space. There is evidence to suggest that most extracellular-superoxide dismutase in the vascular system is bound to endothelial cell surfaces. Venous stasis and physical exercise is known to induce release of several endothelium-associated factors into the plasma. However, venous stasis and physical exercise were not found to induce any release of extracellular-superoxide dismutase into plasma. The plasma activity of the intracellular isoenzyme CuZn SOD was doubled by venous stasis. PMID- 3206189 TI - Reduced C27-steroid 26-hydroxylase activity in heterozygotes for cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. AB - C27-steroid 26-hydroxylase activity in fibroblasts from two heterozygotes for CTX was determined, using an optimized enzyme assay. With 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha-diol, 7 alpha-hydroxy-4 cholestane-3-one or 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol as substrates, the activities were about 50% of those of control cells. The Km for the substrates was not increased in the CTX heterozygotes. These findings support that deficiency of the C27 steroid 26-hydroxylase is the primary enzymatic defect in CTX. PMID- 3206191 TI - Hyposmolar entrapping of a spin label into aged red cells. AB - The aging of human erythrocytes stored in vitro at 4 degrees C was studied by the entrapping method. Erythrocytes were subjected to a sudden hyposmolar stress by suspension in solutions of varying osmolarity in the presence of the spin label tempocholine. The curves obtained when the amount of the spin label entrapped in the ghosts after resealing was plotted against the osmolarity of the buffer solutions exhibited an entrapping which increased with time of the in vitro storage of the erythrocytes (40-60 and 80-100 days). Rejuvenation of the aged erythrocytes by addition of glucose-adenine restored the entrapping curves to shapes nearly similar to those obtained with erythrocytes collected 30-35 days earlier. PMID- 3206192 TI - Contribution of the trabecular component to mechanical strength and bone mineral content of the femoral neck. An experimental study on cadaver bones. AB - Both proximal femora from 10 females were acquired at autopsy. The trabecular component of the femoral neck of one specimen from each pair was evacuated, while the contralateral specimen was left intact as a reference. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the femoral neck, demonstrated only a slight (mean 4.8%) individual side to side variation. After evacuation of the trabecular component, BMC was reduced with mean 23.5%. Mechanical strength of the specimens, determined by applying a force to the femoral head perpendicularly to the axis of the femoral shaft, was reduced by mean 39.5%. Correlation between BMC and fracture strength was poor. There was no correlation between reduction in BMC and reduction in mechanical strength after evacuation, indicating that bone fracture strength is influenced by factors other than the mineral content. PMID- 3206193 TI - Transient hyperkalaemia immediately after acute haemorrhage in rats. AB - The effect of haemorrhage on plasma potassium concentration was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats, Brattleboro (BDI) rats and the parent strain Long-Evans (LE) rats. Haemorrhage induced an increase in plasma potassium within 10 min in all rats studied; 20 and 30 min later, plasma potassium was back to prehaemorrhage level. Changes in plasma sodium concentration were not statistically significant. When haemorrhage (1.0% of body weight) was repeated in the same animal preparation, there was a further significant increase in plasma potassium, but a fall in plasma sodium concentration. When vasopressin was injected intravenously, plasma potassium concentration did not change significantly (-0.21 +/- 0.21 mmol/l) in LE rats, whilst it increased significantly (0.69 +/- 0.20 mmol/l, p less than 0.001; paired t-test) in the BDI rats. The results suggest that haemorrhage-induced hyperkalaemia is unrelated to vasopressin, despite the fact that it increases plasma potassium concentration in the BDI rats when injected. PMID- 3206194 TI - Effect of electrode temperature on orthostatic changes in forefoot transcutaneous oxygen tension (tc-PO2). AB - The influence of increasing the temperature of the transcutaneous oxygen tension (tc-PO2) electrode from 37 to 45 degrees C on the orthostatic changes in tc-PO2 was studied in six normal subjects. The tc-PO2 electrode was mounted on the forefoot. The blood pressure of the forefoot was changed by elevating and lowering the forefoot in relation to heart level. At all electrode temperatures tc-PO2 decreased about 35% when the forefoot was elevated. At electrode temperatures between 41 and 45 degrees C tc-PO2 increased about 20% when the electrode was lowered below heart level. This indicates a passive vascular bed in the heated tissue under the electrode. However, at 37 degrees C tc-PO2 decreased about 40% when the forefoot was lowered. This indicates that the local vasoconstrictor response to increased venous transmural pressure is preserved when the tissue under the electrode is heated to 37 degrees C only. The study suggest that tc-PO2 monitoring at 37 degrees C may be used for continuous, non invasive monitoring of the local vasoconstrictor response, and thus of arteriolar contractility and intact sympathetic innervation. PMID- 3206195 TI - Plasma cholesterol esterification rate in hyperlipoproteinaemia: relation to cholesterol elimination. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship between plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer (LCAT) rate and cholesterol and bile acid turnover in hyperlipidaemia. Nineteen healthy controls, 19 patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) type IIa and 12 patients with HLP type IV were studied under standardized dietary conditions. Bile acid kinetics was determined with the aid of [14C]labelled cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In the hyperlipidaemic patients, cholesterol balance was calculated as the sum of bile acid synthesis plus daily faecal excretion of neutral C27 steroids minus dietary intake of cholesterol. The plasma LCAT rate was determined simultaneously. The mean values of bile acid formation, cholesterol balance, and LCAT rate in HLP type IV patients exceeded those in HLP type IIa patients or in the controls. An increased plasma LCAT rate was found among HLP type IV patients with and without evidence of cardiovascular disease. Plasma LCAT rate correlated positively with bile acid formation (Rs = +0.78, p less than 0.01) and cholesterol balance (Rs = +0.88, p less than 0.002) in HLP type IV. No such relationships were obtained in the controls or in HLP type IIa. It is suggested that an increased production and/or flux of VLDL in HLP type IV is linked to an enhanced plasma LCAT rate and to an increased formation and metabolism of cholesterol in the liver. PMID- 3206196 TI - Light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic study of initial phases of giant tubule formation in bovine dentin. AB - Bovine tooth germs dissected from the mandible immediately after bleeding of the less than 1-yr-old calves (Bos taureus) were used to study the initial phases of giant tubule (GT) formation. Three stages could be discerned. Firstly, the initial manifestations were represented by loci about 150 micron apart in the axiomesiodistal plane along the pulpal border of the 100-200-micron-thick incisal dentin. Some of these loci showed only a blunt capillary loop and associated cells, whereas in most others there was a 50-100-micron-wide dense matrix consisting of coarse collagen fibrils and showing a metachromatic staining reaction to toluidine blue. Fibroblasts lined this matrix, and a capillary loop was always present underneath. Both kinds of GT origins were eventually circumvented by the odontoblasts situated incisal to them. The matrices became enclosed in the dentin. In the second stage, the GT grew in length as new dentin was formed. In this stage the vascular loops and the adjoining fibroblasts remained stationary within the GT lumina relative to the origins. In the third stage the GT vessels started to migrate pulpally relative to the origins. This seemed to be the result of a sequestration of the most incisal portions of the vascular loops. In this last stage the formation of collagen fibrils in the GT lumen incisal to the vessel loops started. PMID- 3206197 TI - Effect of preventive measures in 50-60-year-olds with a high risk of dental caries. AB - Salivary and microbial conditions were examined in 124 50-60-yr-old patients attending a dental clinic of the Public Dental Health Service. They were then randomly divided into a control and a test group. Patients with low salivary secretion rate and buffer capacity and high numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in the test group received special caries preventive measures during 1 yr. In the control group all patients were given prevention according to routine procedures. The incidence of dental caries between the groups was compared. The risk patients in the control group developed 1.67 new carious lesions as compared to 0.19 in the test group. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Also the numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were significantly lower in the risk patients in the test group after 1 yr compared with baseline values. After the experimental year all patients were treated according to routine procedures. Five years after the start of the study a new examination showed increased caries activity in the risk patients in the test group and the gain which had been made during the experimental year was almost lost. PMID- 3206198 TI - Fluoride acquisition on and in human enamel during topical application in vitro. AB - Fluoride acquisition during topical fluoride treatment was studied after different time intervals, at different concentrations and at different pH. The effects of pretreating the enamel with Ca++, and of pre-etching were also tested. Four experimental groups of repeated measures design were established. Chemical assessments were made of the amounts of fluoride formed on (as alkali soluble fluoride, i.e., calcium fluoride) and in enamel (as firmly bound fluoride). The depositions on enamel were also demonstrated by SEM. The amounts of alkali soluble fluoride on enamel increased with time, concentration, pH-decrease and calcium availability. The time of exposure seemed to be the major factor. The amounts of fluoride deposited on enamel outranged by far (greater than 70%) the amounts of fluoride acquired in the enamel. The formation of alkali soluble fluoride on enamel is probably limited by the availability of calcium ions. It is suggested that the fluoride on enamel may protect the enamel surface and serve as a reservoir of fluoride. PMID- 3206200 TI - Inhibition of plaque formation and plaque acidogenicity by zinc and chlorhexidine combinations. AB - Zinc ions and chlorhexidine (CH) were found to exhibit a synergistic inhibitory effect on in vitro growth of S. sobrinus OMZ 176 and of S. sanguis 10556. A clinical mouthrinsing experiment was performed in a group of 10 volunteers to assess the plaque-inhibiting capacity of this combination. Sucrose enhanced plaque accumulations were assessed (Plaque Index, Silness & Loe) after 4 days of twice daily mouthrinses with 10 ml aqueous solutions of either 10.0 mM zinc or 0.55 mM CH, or with a combination of zinc ions and CH, during which period no mechanical toothcleaning was performed. The Zn-CH combination showed improved inhibition properties compared to the individual agents. The effects on plaque acidogenicity of 8.0 mM zinc, 0.44 mM CH, and of zinc and CH in combination were also assessed in a test panel of five volunteers. The Zn-CH combination inhibited acid production by dental plaque significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) more than the individual agents 1 h 30 min after a single rinse. PMID- 3206199 TI - Long-term retention of TiF4 and SnF2 after topical application to dentin in dogs. AB - As part of an evaluation of the potential of topical application of TiF4 in the prevention or arrest of root caries, the longevity of the titanium-rich glaze and the long-term retention of titanium and fluoride in exposed dentin surfaces were examined in dogs. For comparison, the effect of fluoride in combination with another cation, tin, was studied as well. Facets of exposed dentin were prepared in two beagles and treated for 1 or 4 min with either a TiF4 or an SnF2 solution (1.1 M F, native pH). After 3, 7, or 21 wk, the experimental surfaces were analyzed for fluoride, titanium, tin, and calcium using an electron microprobe. Dentin surfaces treated with TiF4 for 1 min showed fluoride concentrations ranging from less than 0.15% to 1.03%, while those treated for 4 min with SnF2 showed values from 0.22% to 1.28%. The calcium analyses revealed partial surface demineralization in one half of the SnF2-treated specimens, while this was a rare finding in the TiF4 group. The findings show that a brief application of TiF4 to exposed dentin results in approximately the same increase in fluoride content as a 4-min application of SnF2, with, however, less surface demineralization. In addition, the presence of a surface glaze may impart an added benefit to the use of TiF4 as a topical agent in the prevention of root caries. PMID- 3206202 TI - Gingival and mucosal reactions after intensive chlorhexidine gel treatment with or without oral hygiene measures. AB - The aim of this study was to elucidate whether soft tissue reactions during chlorhexidine (CHX) treatment might be associated with meticulous oral hygiene measures. A commercially available 1% chlorhexidine digluconate gel (Hibitane Dental Gel) was applied in a custom tray for the mandibular arch, 10 min daily, for 14 days. A split mouth approach was used to allow evaluation of the effect of oral hygiene measures with toothbrush, toothpaste, and dental floss on one side of the arch. During the treatment period, 8 out of 12 subjects developed gingival and/or mucosal reactions appearing as white patches or ulcerations. Both the gingival reactions on the buccal marginal gingiva and the mucosal reactions near the margin of the custom tray occurred only when the gel treatment was combined with meticulous oral hygiene measures. The white patches, which could easily be detached, leaving ulcerated areas, consisted entirely of stratified squamous epithelium. The findings suggest that intensive treatment with chlorhexidine gel, in individually fitted custom trays, combined with meticulous oral hygiene measures may induce toxic effects on the surface layers of the gingiva and mucosa. PMID- 3206201 TI - Secretion of glucose in human parotid saliva after carbohydrate intake. AB - The aims of the present investigation were, first, to follow the secretion of free glucose in parotid saliva in various subjects after a single oral intake of different carbohydrates, and second, to compare the salivary glucose concentration with the concentration in blood. Twenty healthy subjects, three women and 17 men, 20-35 yr of age, participated. They were asked not to eat or drink anything from 10 p.m. the night before the examination. 75 g of carbohydrate (glucose, fructose, or sucrose) dissolved in 300 ml water was ingested the next morning at 8 a.m. One experimental series with glucose was performed in triplicate in 10 of the subjects. Approximately 1.5 ml of citric acid-stimulated parotid saliva was collected before (0 min) and 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min after the intake. Salivary concentration of glucose was analyzed enzymatically. Most of the 0-min samples showed a variation in glucose concentration from 5 to 25 mumol/l. After the glucose, fructose, and sucrose intakes, the salivary glucose level increased about 2-4 times, especially in the 30-min samples. A large inter- as well as intra-individual variation was found both in the 0-min samples and in the samples collected after the different intakes. The correlation between the glucose concentration in saliva and blood was higher after than before the carbohydrate intakes. PMID- 3206203 TI - Collagen deposition during wound repair in rat gingiva. AB - The aim of this study was to examine day-by-day changes at incisional wound edge in rat molar interdental tissue with special reference to early interactions of new and pre-existing collagen fibrils. Twenty rats aged 50 days were divided into experimental groups each comprising two animals. Following incision and post injury observation periods of 1-10 days, the rats were given an overdose of sodium pentothal and specimens prepared for light and electron microscopy. In 1-3 day post-injury specimens fibrin was replaced by inflammatory cells. Fibroblasts were found along the cut edge in 4-day post-injury specimens. Fibrillogenesis had started at 5 days post-injury. During the period of 5-10 days post-injury increasing amounts of new collagen fibrils were laid down at the wound edge. No granular material was identified at the interface of new and preexisting collagen. In standardized mesiodistal sections, bundles of newly formed fibrils regularly appeared cross-cut in relation to the tangentially cut transseptal fiber system, suggestive of a buccolingual fibril orientation at the wound edge. The ultrastructural observations indicate that during early stages of wound repair, connective tissue continuity is generally established without direct splicing of severed fibers. PMID- 3206204 TI - [Ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva]. PMID- 3206205 TI - [Cooperation between the surgeon and the otolaryngologist in the treatment of carcinoma of the cervical esophagus]. PMID- 3206206 TI - [Transpubic approach to carcinoma of the middle rectum]. PMID- 3206207 TI - [Serum proteins in the immunologic monitoring of patients with tumors of the colon and rectum]. PMID- 3206209 TI - [Experience with management of invasion of renal carcinoma into the venous system]. PMID- 3206208 TI - [Personal experience with the early diagnosis of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 3206211 TI - [Results of treatment of advanced stages of testicular tumors]. PMID- 3206210 TI - [Results of comprehensive treatment of carcinoma of the kidney and its related problems]. PMID- 3206212 TI - [Possibilities of treatment of malignant icterus]. PMID- 3206213 TI - [Metaphylaxis on the basis of outpatient metabolic tests in nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 3206214 TI - [Personal experience with the surgical treatment of advanced nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 3206215 TI - [Problems in the treatment of flexor tendon injuries in the hand in the region of "no man's land"]. PMID- 3206216 TI - Reliability of CT in preoperative evaluation of bladder carcinoma. AB - Sixty patients with bladder carcinoma were examined by CT prior to radical cystectomy. CT indicated perivesical tumour growth or extension to neighbouring organs correctly in 68% of these cases. Overstaging was observed in 23% and understaging in 8% of the cases. Most of the difficulties concerned assessment of tumours in the anterior bladder wall and identification of the plane between the bladder and the seminal vesicle. In most instances CT provided no supplementary information to clinical staging, but was useful when obesity or previous irradiation impeded clinical staging. PMID- 3206217 TI - Extensive tubular secretion and reabsorption of creatinine in humans. AB - The validity of creatinine as a marker for the glomerular filtration rate was studied in 8 healthy volunteers in different stages of hydration and during large variations in urinary flow rates. The urine flow was 8.4 ml/min in a dehydrated state (due to furosemide infusion; 8 mg/h) and raised to 23.2 ml/min after rapid rehydration. The creatinine to inulin clearance ratio changed considerably from 1.47 in rehydrated state, indicating a substantial tubular secretion of creatinine, to 1.05 in dehydrated state, indicating a reabsorption of creatinine almost equal to secretion. Thus, substantial tubular secretion and reabsorption of creatinine, changing in relative importance in relation to the degree of hydration, make creatinine clearance an unreliable marker for the glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 3206218 TI - DDAVP test for renal concentration capacity. Age-related reference intervals. AB - The effect of different levels of fluid intake on the renal concentration test was evaluated. Maximal urinary osmolality did not significantly differ whether strict fluid restriction was kept or not. One side effect, namely headache, seemed more frequent after fluid deprivation than after a more liberal fluid intake. We suggest a practical approach to the performance of the urinary concentration test with DDAVP. The maximal urinary concentration after a single subcutaneous injection of 4 micrograms DDAVP was determined in 212 healthy adults aged 20 to 80 years. A significant decline with age was found in maximum urinary concentration, mean values ranging from 982 mOsm/kg at 20 years to 823 mOsm/kg at 80 years. References are given for different ages which render the test useful in adult patients. PMID- 3206219 TI - Effects of indwelling catheters on the urethral mucosa (polypoid urethritis). AB - Indwelling catheters are almost invariably associated with characteristic mucosal lesions of the urinary bladder, commonly referred to as polypoid cystitis. In the present study, 20 male patients with indwelling catheters (due to benign prostatic hyperplasia) for 1-12 months were studied. Three non-catheter bearing male patients served as controls. Biopsies were taken from the posterior urethra in all patients and from the bladder in 16 of the 20 patients with indwelling catheters. All patients with catheters had endoscopic lesions in the urethra. The lesions varied from polypoid to bullous or oedematous, with or without hemorrhagic discoloration. In 11 of 20 patients the urethral lesions were histologically almost identical to polypoid cystitis. In the remaining 9 patients the reaction was less pronounced, and oedema, with or without mucosal hemorrhage, dominated. Due to the similarity between the catheter associated bladder lesions and the urethral lesions we suggest the term polypoid urethritis for the urethral lesions. There was no correlation between type of catheter used or how long it was used and the mucosal lesions. The results suggest mechanical irritation and/or pressure exerted by the catheter on the mucosa is responsible for the development of polypoid urethritis. PMID- 3206220 TI - Influence of drainage conditions on mucosal bladder damage by indwelling catheters. I. Pressure study. AB - Clinical observations suggest the occurrence of a hydro-dynamically generated negative pressure wave in termination of bladder evacuation in patients with an intermittently clamped indwelling catheter. This in-vitro study confirmed the assumption. At circumstances like those of a bedridden person with a conventional urinary drainage system the transitory suction at the site of the catheter eyes reaches negative peak pressures of about 150-180 cm of water when catheters on a latex base are used and about 300-350 cm by catheters of 100% silicone, which is a less compliant (elastic) material. Catheters, drainage tubes and the combined function were analyzed regarding factors influencing this hydro-dynamical phenomenon, which may occur in some situations of straight drainage too. Clinical aspects are discussed. A noxious effect on the bladder mucosa is demonstrated in a subsequent study. It is concluded that the basal hydro-physical laws involved in bladder drainage by indwelling catheter need more attention. PMID- 3206221 TI - Influence of drainage conditions on mucosal bladder damage by indwelling catheters. II. Histological study. AB - A previous study demonstrated a strong but short-lasting suction through the catheter eyes by a hydro-dynamically generated negative pressure fluctuation terminating bladder evacuation in some frequently occurring circumstances of indwelling catheter drainage. This report regards the biological effect. Fifteen successive evacuations on such drainage conditions in each of 4 anesthetized pigs were followed by cystectomy and histological examination. All bladders presented small swollen areas, histologically showing localized mucosal elevations dominated by edema of lamina propria and submucosa, occasionally with urothelial thinning or defects. Drainage with suction prevented in 3 animals caused normal bladders. The changes were similar to those following hydro-statical suction and much like those of the "polypoid cystitis" so commonly occurring with indwelling catheters. This suggests both types of suction by ordinary drainage as a major pathogenetic factor in the latter condition. The clinical significance and the occurrence during regimes of straight drainage or intermittent clamping are discussed. PMID- 3206222 TI - [Neonatal vitamin K prophylaxis and vitamin k deficiency hemorrhages in Switzerland 1986-1988]. AB - On the basis of an inquiry held in Switzerland in May 1988, over 99% of all newborn receive vitamin K prophylaxis, 59% orally and 41% intramuscularly. In the previous 2 1/2 years, ten cases of bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency had been observed, of which two were inadequately documented. In two children there was early haemorrhage and late haemorrhage in eight. The latter were all exclusively breast-fed and had received oral vitamin K prophylaxis. Seven presented with vitamin K deficiency due to cholestasis or chronic diarrhea. The only "idiopathic" case is insufficiently documented. The advantages and disadvantages of oral and intramuscular prophylaxis are discussed. A definite stand in favour of the one route or the other is not possible at present. However, the continuation of general prophylaxis is undoubtedly necessary. PMID- 3206223 TI - [The treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis using balloon dilatation. Long-term results]. AB - Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty has been used successfully in the treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis for several years, but reports on long-term results are still sparse. We have performed pulmonary valve balloon dilatation procedures 23 times in 22 patients since February 1985; the age of the patients ranged from 2 days to 22 years. Three patients did not benefit from the procedure, in two instances because the pulmonary valve was dysplastic and once because of severe associated infundibular stenosis. These patients subsequently underwent surgery. In the other 19 patients the initial transvalvular gradient of 35 to 160 mm Hg (mean 81 mm Hg) was markedly reduced (to values ranging from 10 to 60 mm Hg, mean 31 mm Hg) rendering surgery unnecessary. There were no complications. The patients have been followed up for periods ranging from 2 months to 3 years and all are asymptomatic. Repeat measurements of the transvalvular gradient were carried out either by recatheterization or by echo Doppler 4 months to 3 years after the procedure; we have not observed restenosis and the mean gradient remained unchanged compared to the measurements immediately after valvuloplasty. Pulmonary regurgitation was uncommon and indeed appears to be less prominent than after surgical valvotomy. Thus, percutaneous valvuloplasty now appears to be the preferred treatment for pulmonary valve stenosis and open heart surgery can be avoided in most cases. PMID- 3206224 TI - [Luetic uveitis in a patient with AIDS. Case report]. AB - We report on a 33-year-old male Turkish patient with primarily nonsuspect sexual behavior who presented with panuveitis unresponsive to therapy. HIV infection and secondary syphilis was diagnosed. The uveitis was the only manifestation of syphilis. Because of isosporiasis, an HIV infection of CDC class IV C1 was diagnosed. This is the second published case of acquired syphilitic uveitis in a patient with HIV infection. The diagnosis was delayed by a prozone phenomenon. Treatment with high doses of penicillin i.v. for 14 days led to complete recovery. Because the HIV infection may obscure the diagnosis of syphilis, this constellation will assume increasing importance with the growing number of HIV infected patients. PMID- 3206225 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct in patients under 30 years old]. AB - Between 1980 and 1985 nine patients under the age of 30 were admitted to our hospital with acute myocardial infarction. They represented 4% of all patients with acute myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography was performed in 8 patients and in a high proportion (5 patients) no stenotic lesion was found. In these patients, vasospasm seems to be the most likely pathogenesis. In one patient no angiography was performed; he had stopped anticoagulation therapy after aortic valve replacement and therefore coronary embolism was the obvious reason for the infarct. After a median of 5 years (2-7) no patient had died or had suffered a new coronary event. The 5 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries had ceased taking medication and were all back to work full time. Psychological evaluation showed impaired ability to express aggression in all 9 patients. PMID- 3206226 TI - [Screening for and treatment of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases: need for a strategy?]. AB - A major reduction in ischemic cardiovascular diseases depends on prevention of risk factors (RF) for atherosclerosis. To assess how screening and treatment of these RF were undertaken in an outpatient setting, we reviewed 300 charts of Swiss men (age 17 to 86, mean 50) who were compliant with medical follow-up. We noticed that the six RF taken into account were insufficiently investigated among young people. Furthermore, hypercholesterolemia was largely underinvestigated, even in the presence of other RF for atherosclerosis. These findings indicate that both the importance of early detection and the clinical significance of dyslipidemia are underestimated by physicians. This situation would be improved by a health policy adapted to Swiss medical practice which defined rules of screening and treatment of RF for atherosclerosis. PMID- 3206227 TI - [Frequent problems with non-steroidal antirheumatic agents (NSAID) in old age]. PMID- 3206228 TI - Fertility rites. PMID- 3206229 TI - Radon retried. PMID- 3206230 TI - Embryonic questions. PMID- 3206231 TI - Memories of mother. PMID- 3206232 TI - Ghost in the machine. PMID- 3206233 TI - Hypertriglyceridemia, arteriosclerosis, and thrombosis: I. September 21-23, 1987, Washington, D.C. Proceedings of a workshop. PMID- 3206234 TI - Hemodynamic effects on atherosclerosis and thrombosis. PMID- 3206235 TI - Melanoma. PMID- 3206236 TI - Solar considerations in the development of cutaneous melanoma. AB - On the basis of these considerations, the possible action spectrum for melanoma can be narrowed considerably, but not confined to any one solar emission band. The physical factors discussed eliminate all but UV, visible, and NIR radiation as possible solar agents. Ionizing radiation fits neither the epidemiologic data nor first-order physical considerations. Wavelengths longer than the NIR wavelengths, although they could conceivably account for the occurrence of melanoma under clothed parts of the body, carry so little energy that they are probably unimportant. Epidemiologic evidence regarding the effects of skin pigment favors UV or visible radiation. A distinction between these two components is not obvious; UV-C and UV-B photons carry greater energy and are more likely to induce biochemical cutaneous effects, but the total flux in the UV A and visible radiations is far greater. That UV-B radiation may play a role in melanoma is supported; at the same time, one cannot exclude the possibility that the action spectrum for melanoma is, instead, the UV-A, the visible, or even the NIR portion of the sunlight spectrum. The strong differential effect of altitude on the transmission of light of different wavelengths might serve as an important discriminating variable. If solar UV radiation is implicated in the development of melanoma, then altitude should emerge as a significant factor in epidemiologic studies. If visible or IR radiation is the active agent, then differences on the basis of altitude should be small or negligible. Intrinsic solar variations that follow the annual sunspot number appear inadequate in either the UV or the visible band to account directly for the apparent 11-year modulation of melanoma incidence found in some registries. Secondary atmospheric effects brought about by the action of solar UV changes on the ozone layer may be adequate to explain a weak 11-year modulation in melanoma incidence, although continuous measurements of UV-B flux made at sites in the United States through a full solar cycle have shown no such effect. Nor do these early measurements reveal the long-term increase in UV-B intensity expected from the destruction of stratospheric ozone by industrial pollutants over the last 10 years. PMID- 3206237 TI - Clinical aspects of familial cutaneous malignant melanoma. PMID- 3206238 TI - Dysplastic nevus syndrome--biological significance. PMID- 3206239 TI - Histologic prognostic indicators in cutaneous malignant melanoma. PMID- 3206240 TI - Current status of surgical treatment of melanoma. PMID- 3206241 TI - Recent advances in medical oncology. Proceedings of a symposium. May 20, 1988. New Orleans, Louisiana. PMID- 3206242 TI - Traditional thought and modern Western surgery. AB - This study, based in part on anthropological field work with surgeons, is an examination of some aspects of traditional thinking and practices which coexist with, and are embedded in, the scientific thinking and practices of modern surgery. The focus is on the role of these beliefs and practices in modern surgical culture in understanding the causes and prevention of post-operative infections. Three beliefs and practices that exist in traditional and modern medical systems are examined: (A) personalistic disease causes and cures; (B) myriad endogenous and exogenous disease causes; and (C) ritual practices. The adaptive and nonadaptive functions of these beliefs and practices in modern surgery are explored. PMID- 3206243 TI - Social science and medical education in Nigeria. AB - In response to Nigeria's 'old' and seemingly intractable health problems and the emergence of a 'new' epidemiology of behaviour-related and social disorders, there is an urgent need for greater participation of social scientists in the training of front-line health care practitioners and delivery of care. This study was conducted to determine the current extent of involvement of the social sciences in Nigerian medical education. A survey was carried out in all schools/colleges of medicine in the country. Nineteen social scientists, comprising 1 anthropologist, 10 psychologists and 8 sociologists, were identified in 10 of the 12 schools. Questionnaires were sent to all of them and 12 were returned. Analyses of the data collected showed that most psychologists were affiliated with departments of psychiatry and sociologists with community health/social medicine. Psychologists spent most of their time in teaching, clinical work and research (in that order); and sociologists in teaching, research and health care delivery. Most of the social scientists perceived their work as essential in the training of medical doctors and thought that the medical school provided a good opportunity for research. But a significant number of them complained of status inequality with their medically-trained colleagues. This was regarded as one of several obstacles to greater participation of social scientists in Nigerian health care. It was suggested that while social scientists were essential in the training of health care personnel, they needed to diversify their inputs (emphasizing health promotion and disease prevention) in accordance with a broadened and socially relevant view of health and illness. PMID- 3206244 TI - The social meanings of nervios: a case study of a Central American woman. AB - This paper analyzes nervios among Central American refugees living in the United States. Nervios is analyzed as personal descriptions of distress, statements about family relations, and commentaries on the broader social forces affecting people's lives. A description of the clinical presentations of 28 Salvadorans who suffer from nervios and an indepth analysis of an extended interview with a nervios sufferer are presented to examine the multiple meanings of nervios. Nervios is identified as a powerful idiom of distress used by Latinos to express concerns about physical symptoms, emotional states, and changes both in the family and in the broader society. PMID- 3206246 TI - 'Nerves': folk idiom for anxiety and depression? AB - This study suggests that 'nerves' as presented in a primary care clinic is a lay idiom for emotional distress and documents a relationship between the folk ailment 'nerves' and anxiety and depression. One hundred and forty-nine patients at a Virginia clinic were studied, 47 with 'nerves', and 102 controls. Testing with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) showed 'nerves' patients to be more anxious and depressed than controls. 'Nerves' patients had a mean GHQ score of 13.0 compared to 5.8 for controls (P less than 0.0001) and a BDI score of 7.6 compared to 2.5 for controls (P less than 0.0001). Testing with the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale showed 'nerves' patients to suffer more recent life stresses than controls: 'nerves' patients had a mean score of 187.1 compared to 119.3 for controls (P less than 0.05). 'Nerves' patients had somatic symptoms including gastrointestinal disturbances, headaches and shaking. 'Nerves' is most common among women and housewives, and is often attributed to misfortune and tragedy. The ethnomedical illness 'nerves' encompasses a rich array of cultural meanings reflecting the lifestyle and worldview of its sufferers. Despite its chronic debilitating nature, it is rarely recognized by physicians; it is, however, treated by alternative healers. Clinical implications are discussed and recommendations advanced, among them that physicians work with such healers in the recognition and treatment of 'nerves'. PMID- 3206245 TI - Conceptions of schizophrenia as a problem of nerves: a cross-cultural comparison of Mexican-Americans and Anglo-Americans. AB - This paper explores indigenous conceptions of psychosis within family settings. The cultural categories nervios and 'nerves', as applied by Mexican-American and Anglo-American relatives to family members diagnosed with schizophrenia, are examined. While Mexican-Americans tended to consider nervios an appropriate interpretation of the problem, Anglo-Americans explicitly dismissed the parallel English term 'nerves'. Anglo-American relatives were likely to consider the problem as 'mental' in nature, often with specific reference to psychiatric diagnostic labels such as 'schizophrenia'. Although variations in conceptions appear related to both ethnicity and socioeconomic status, significant cultural differences were observed independent of socioeconomic status. These results raise questions concerning contemporary anthropological views that psychosis is conceptualized in substantially similar ways cross-culturally, and underscore the need for more contextualized understanding of the meaning and application of indigenous concepts of mental disorder. The paper concludes with a discussion of psychocultural meanings associated with ethnopsychiatric labels for schizophrenia and their importance for the social and moral status of patients and their kin. PMID- 3206247 TI - The transformation of Zimbabwe's health care system: a review of the White Paper on health. AB - In a recently released White Paper on health, the Government of Zimbabwe details its plans to transform the colonial health care system it inherited at the time of independence to one consonant with its commitment to socialist development. The essence of the transformation can be described in terms of several key ideas. First, there is a commitment to develop an integrated non-racial health care system. Second, there is a concerted attempt to develop a primary health care system throughout Zimbabwe. Third, there is a deliberate attempt to 'redistribute' health care resources by making sure that additional or new resources are largely devoted to the rural populations. Fourth, the government is committed, and has acted on the commitment, to ensure equitable access to health services. Fifth, the government is taking a variety of measures to limit the size and influence of the private medical sector. Sixth, there is a serious intent to involve local populations in the health planning and programming. Seventh, human resource development must be consistent with the primary health care system the government wishes to establish throughout the country. It is suggested that while the White Paper is unclear and uncertain about some important aspects of the transformation, for example, with regard to the private sector and the financing of the National Health Service, most of its proposed changes are well within the realm of feasibility. PMID- 3206248 TI - Information and decision-making preferences of hospitalized adult cancer patients. AB - Physician behaviors and patient responses were studied in 439 interactions between hospitalized adult cancer patients and oncologists to investigate patient preferences for a participatory role in the interaction. Patients were asked their preference for information to be given (minimal; only if it is good news; or all information, good or bad) and their preference for participation in decision-making (prefer doctor makes therapeutic decisions or prefer to participate in decisions). The majority (92%) preferred all information be given, but only 69% preferred to participate in therapeutic decisions. Of those wanting all the information, 24.9% preferred the physician to make the therapeutic decisions. This group was comprised primarily of older, sicker males. Those who did not want to participate were also slightly more satisfied (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that, although most patients prefer all information to be given to them, almost one-fourth of them preferred a more authoritarian, rather than participatory, relationship with their oncologist. PMID- 3206249 TI - A human development intervention in the Philippines: effect on child morbidity. AB - The pilot phase of a human development intervention in the Philippines focused on improving child health. Selected household practices which influence health were targeted for modification to reduce the incidence of child morbidity. Completion rates of 69.5% of recommended activities led to a decrease of 70.0% of reported diarrhea and fever. Local health leaders and promoters were involved in providing administration and instruction, which served to increase local problem-solving skills and self-reliance. Essential components of an effective intervention are identified. PMID- 3206250 TI - Workers' perceptions, knowledge and responses regarding occupational health and safety: a report on a Canadian study. AB - This paper presents data from interviews with 492 rank and file workers. It examines aspects of workers' perceptions, knowledge and actions regarding workplace hazards and views these as indicators of the potential strength of labour in improving occupational health and safety. Respondents had a strong consciousness of ways in which their work might damage their health and they or their fellow workers had experienced half of the symptoms they mentioned. However, they lacked information on the results of environmental and medical monitoring, their core legal rights and the more effective strategies for reducing hazards. Few respondents sought information and few were persistent in dealing with their worries about hazards. Knowledge of their rights under the current occupational health and safety legislation was linked with taking such actions. It is suggested that workers' pursuit of their health and safety concerns might be facilitated if they had better access to information about their legal rights and mechanisms for dealing with hazards in the workplace. PMID- 3206251 TI - Health through three life stages: a longitudinal study of urban black adolescents. AB - This is a study of life stage coherence and change in perceived health status and morbidity reports over a 15 year interval bounding adolescence. Data were obtained through personal home interviews with a representative sample (N = 426) of urban black youths who were interviewed at three successive life stages: first when they were adolescents ages 12-17, 6-8 years later when they were ages 18-23, and 7-8 years after that when they were ages 26-31. Results showed that health decline was neither continuous nor progressive over the three life stages. Instead, a dramatic increase in morbidity reports occurring between adolescent and post adolescent measurement was succeeded by stabilization in the following 7 year interval. One interpretation of these findings is that they reflect the stressfulness of the adolescent life stage in the urban black youth cohort. The congruence of this interpretation with Mechanic and Angel's theory of differential health synchrony over the life course and also with Antonovsky's theory of sense of coherence in explaining variations in perceived health is discussed. The study, finally, pointed up a serious methodological impediment to attempting comparative life span health studies such as this, namely, the difficulty in arriving at equivalently comprehensive and sensitive health symptom indicators at different life stages. PMID- 3206252 TI - Psychological distress and the decision to seek medical care. AB - There have been a number of studies linking psychological distress with the demand for medical care. The importance of these studies lies in the finding that the distressed use of services more frequently than the non-distressed. To the extent that many of the visits of the distressed are for medically trivial reasons, which is the most frequent interpretation of this finding, there may be an argument in favor of cost containment strategies aimed at diverting the distressed away from seeking 'unneeded' medical attention. There are, however, a number of difficulties both with most of the studies that have been done to date and with how the finding of more frequent visits among the distressed is interpreted. The present study examines the reporting of illnesses, disability per illness reported, patient initiated physician visits per illness reported and physicians' judgement regarding the medical necessity of the visits reported for a representative sample of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The 950 respondents in this analysis were divided into groups by three levels of psychological distress. Illnesses reported both prospectively and retrospectively to the measurement of psychological distress are analyzed. The data indicate that, although the distressed report more illnesses, they are no more likely either to report disability per illness or to initiate medical care per illness. Further, the distressed are no more likely either to initiate unnecessary physician visits or to avoid initiating necessary visits. The implications of these findings for the impact of cost containment strategies on equity in the delivery of medical services are discussed. PMID- 3206253 TI - Health services inequalities in Nigeria. AB - The paper gives a brief overview of the growth and development of health services in Nigeria in the period after independence. A large part of the paper concentrates on the discussion of various forms of health services inequalities in Nigeria. Regional and rural-urban inequalities which are usually cited by Nigerian health critics to justify health inequalities have been considered. However, the paper, concludes that class inequalities are the most serious forms of inequality affecting the distribution and utilization of health resources in Nigeria. PMID- 3206254 TI - Social factors affecting use of immunization in Indonesia. AB - This paper examines the importance of certain social and demographic factors in the acceptance of child immunization in rural Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The major findings concern the importance of the role of the community (hamlet) leader in motivating or instructing parents to seek immunization for their children. While these leaders can be effective in conveying information about availability of immunization services, they are not in a position to provide education on immunization function or procedure. The survey results also show that knowledge of the disease-prevention function of the specific vaccines is important, and it is recommended that vaccines be given names which incorporate the name of the disease which they prevent. PMID- 3206255 TI - Statutory change and 'street-level' implementation of psychiatric commitment. AB - This paper assesses the impact of a statutory change in psychiatric commitment laws on the dangerousness of involuntarily committed civil patients in one metropolitan area. More restrictive local guidelines for commitment emphasizing assaultiveness were replaced by a new state law which expanded the criteria to those whose health might deteriorate from neglect. Using an interrupted time series analysis, we find that changes in the proportion of persons hospitalized as dangerous (or assaultive) occurred more among normally less assaultive groups such as older, white and female patients than among normally more assaultive categories of younger, black and male patients. The less assaultive groups contained an increasing proportion of dangerous patients under the period of restrictive guidelines but the proportion dropped dramatically following the implementation of the less restrictive law. Groups typified by higher rates of assaultiveness remained at a relatively high level, unaffected by changes in the statutes or time. Given the relative stability in the numbers of OTA patients committed over time, the results suggest that changes in the proportion of patients said to be dangerous may be an artifact of the way petitioners for patients and providers make use of the mental health system. PMID- 3206256 TI - Choice of surgery for early breast cancer: psychosocial considerations. AB - A prospective study was conducted with early breast cancer patients who had either been offered, or not been offered, a choice of surgery for treatment. The choice involved mastectomy or wide excision plus radiotherapy. Available evidence suggests that the medical outcome between these two options is similar; this study was designed to investigate selected psychosocial outcomes. It was found that whether or not patients were given a choice was of greater relevance to psychosocial outcomes that was the type of operation performed. Providing a choice led to improved reported adjustments with respect to the ability to undertake work, attitudes towards the future, beliefs about coping, and in physical and psychological functioning. PMID- 3206257 TI - Children and core-periphery differences. AB - This study examines the differences between children's (0-15 yr of age) use of primary care services in core and peripheral municipalities in Uusimaa province in southern Finland following the implementation of the Primary Health Care Act (1972). In the ecological study (municipality-based), children's total use of primary health care services during 1973-1979 was continuously lower in peripheral municipalities than in core areas in spite of the Primary Health Care Act, the express purpose of which was to reduce regional differences. Some equalization of utilization of private practitioners occurred during this period. The individual-based study material collected in 1979 enabled us to control for the influences of (1) distance to the core of the municipality, (2) age of the child, (3) socio-economic status of the family, (4) type of visit and (5) diagnosis. These factors somewhat modified the influence of the core/periphery dichotomy, but the overall picture that children in the core use more primary health care services remained the same. This suggest that health care policy should be quite specific and based on detailed regional analysis, if equalization between core and peripheral municipalities is to be achieved. PMID- 3206259 TI - Causal reasoning and the treatment of diarrhoeal disease by mothers in Kenya. AB - A study of reasoning about the cause and treatment of childhood diarrhoea by Maasai schooled and unschooled mothers was carried out in Kenya, using a method of analysis developed within cognitive psychology. A dramatic difference in the conceptual structures of mothers' reasoning about both the cause and treatment of diarrhoea was found between the unschooled and schooled group. The unschooled mothers' explanation of diarrhoea was in terms of illness, resulting from social and moral factors. The knowledge structures generated showed global coherence. The schooled mothers explained diarrhoea with a series of quasi-biomedical facts about the disease with little or no connections between facts. The role of understanding the underlying disease processes for learning in health education is discussed in the context of Kenyan culture. PMID- 3206258 TI - Gender differences in tobacco use in Africa, Asia, the Pacific, and Latin America. AB - This paper reviews historical, anthropological and contemporary survey data concerning gender differences in tobacco use in Africa, Asia, the Pacific, and Latin America. In many cultural groups in these regions, tobacco use has been substantially more common among men than among women. In some groups, tobacco use has been about equally common for both sexes. No evidence was found of any group in which tobacco use has been substantially more common among women. The widespread pattern of greater tobacco use by men appears to be linked to general features of sex roles. For example, men have often had greater social power than women, and this has been expressed in greater restrictions on women's behavior, including social prohibitions against women's smoking. These social prohibitions against women's smoking have strongly inhibited women's tobacco use and thus have been a major cause of gender differences in tobacco use. Gender differences in tobacco use have varied in magnitude, depending on the type of tobacco use and the particular cultural group, age group and historical period considered. Causes of the variation in gender differences in tobacco use include variation in women's status and variation in the social significance and benefits attributed to particular types of tobacco use in different cultures. Contact with Western cultures appears to have increased or decreased gender differences in smoking, depending on the specific circumstances. The patterns of gender differences in tobacco use in non-Western societies are similar in many ways to the patterns observed in Western societies, but there are several important differences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3206260 TI - Modeling hospital closure relative to organizational theory: the applicability of ecology theory's environmental determinism and adaptation perspectives. AB - The writers present a set of hypotheses testing the strength of organizational ecology theory's environmental determinism perspective and the adaptation perspective. Some of these hypotheses are analyzed relative to data on hospital closures in the United States between 1980 and 1985. Initial empirical analyses indicate that environmental determinism's liability of smallness holds relative to hospital closure, but the liability of newness doesn't hold. There are no published accounts where the liability of newness hypothesis hasn't held in research on other industries. The writers speculate that the inverse relationship between a highly changing health care environment and the liability of newness of hospitals may be because newer hospitals are better able to tap into the ongoing changes of the today's turbulent health care delivery environment in the United States. Also, analysis findings show that the environmental interdependence orientation of the adaptation models has some explanatory power in that hospitals with greater community support have much lower closure rates. Consideration of the more organization action oriented framework of the adaptation perspective is called for over the environmental determinism perspective that has been promoted in recent publications. The writers suggest that the more community sponsored a hospital is, the less likely its survival will hinge solely on standard environmental selection criteria, and that the ability of a hospital's administration to correctly adapt to environmental fluctuations is critical, especially in today's turbulent health care delivery environment in the United States. PMID- 3206262 TI - The future of the Society for Nursing History. PMID- 3206261 TI - Distribution of knowledge of AIDS: a national study. AB - Knowledge of, and attitudes toward, AIDS were assessed in a random sample of over 2600 individuals aged 16 and over in all states and territories of Australia. Those with lower knowledge of AIDS were more likely to be separated, divorced or widowed, older, and more personally concerned about AIDS. There were no differences in knowledge of AIDS across states, or between sexes. Individuals with lower knowledge of AIDS had greater fear of homosexuals, more unrealistic concerns about AIDS, blamed those infected more, were more afraid of the unknown aspects of AIDS, and were more conservative. Individuals who had used intravenous drugs ever and in the past year had significantly lower knowledge of AIDS; for other risk behaviours, there were no significant differences. Individuals who personally knew homosexual people had higher knowledge of AIDS. These data indicate that the determinants of knowledge of AIDS are related more strongly to attitudinal variables than to demographic ones, and that there are few differences in knowledge across those practising at risk behaviours, compared with the general population, with the exception of intravenous drug users. PMID- 3206263 TI - Vertebral body and posterior element morphology: the normal spine in middle life. AB - Multiple morphologic parameters were studied in 50 normal adult vertebral columns ranging in age from 20 to 40 years at the time of death. Posterior element morphology is highly variable and largely unpredictable. Minimum pedicle diameters ranged from 1.8 mm at T6 to 6.4 mm at L5, and did not correlate with any more readily measured vertebral dimensions. Penetration of 5 mm screw threads through pedicle cortex can be expected to occur routinely in the lower thoracic spine, and in a lesser but significant number of lumbar vertebrae. PMID- 3206264 TI - Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis followed to skeletal maturity. AB - The authors reviewed 43 patients with the onset of idiopathic scoliosis between 4 and 9 years who were followed to skeletal maturity to document the natural history, effects of bracing, and factors associated with progression. Average age at onset was 7.1 years for female and 6.7 for male patients. Twelve were treated with observation only; six improved, five progressed, and one refused an orthosis and required surgery. Thirty-one patients wore an orthosis; five patients improved or were unchanged, and 26 progressed, including 13 who subsequently required surgery. All patients treated with observation had a rib vertebral angle difference (RVAD) of less than 10 degrees; whereas patients progressing despite orthosis and all but one patient requiring operation had an RVAD greater than 10 degrees. Thoracic hypokyphosis (less than 20 degrees) was present in 20% of observed patients, 64% of those treated with an orthosis, and 78% of those requiring operation. PMID- 3206265 TI - Idiopathic scoliosis in males. A natural history study. AB - Curve behavior of idiopathic scoliosis in an exclusively male population was investigated, since it has not been previously reported. Fifty males with idiopathic scoliosis satisfied entry requirements for this study: standing posteroanterior (PA) spine radiograph measuring a curve greater than 20 degrees, preoperative observation for greater than 1 year (mean, 4.4 years), and nonoperative patients with greater than 5 years of radiographic follow-up beyond skeletal maturity (mean, 10.7 years). Mean rate of curve progression from presentation to Risser 4 maturation was 3.0 degrees/year. Forty-four percent of the curves progressed 5 degrees or more between Risser 4 and 5. The rate of curve progression following Risser 5 was 0.18 degrees/year. Thoracic curves were associated with a higher degree of curve progression than other curve types (P less than 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between curve progression and family history, vertebral rotation, Risser sign, or curve magnitude. Curve progression secondary to growth usually terminates at Risser 4 in females with idiopathic scoliosis. This study indicated that scoliotic male curves demonstrated clinically significant progression until Risser 5 rather than Risser 4. Thus, the authors conclude that males with idiopathic scoliosis curves greater than 20 degrees should be followed radiographically until Risser 5. In females, scoliosis beyond Risser 4 can be considered as an adult curve; however, in males, scoliosis can be evaluated as an adult curve only after Risser 5. Beyond Risser 5, male curves demonstrate minimal progression. PMID- 3206266 TI - Reproductive outcomes in scoliosis patients. AB - In a retrospective cohort study of 1,409 persons diagnosed with scoliosis between 1927 and 1965 in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, mailed questionnaires were obtained for 846 white women. Six hundred and eight (72%) of these women had ever been pregnant, and they reported a total of 1,733 pregnancies and 1,413 livebirths. Adverse outcomes among the pregnancies and livebirths of the 608 women were reported, including spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, prematurity, congenital anomalies, and complications of pregnancy or delivery. Rates of these events for the scoliosis patients were compared with corresponding expected rates. Comparison of the overall rates suggested that the scoliosis patients had more premature births than expected, but their rates of other adverse reproductive events did not differ from expected. PMID- 3206267 TI - Osteoporosis in Scheuermann's disease. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate osteoporosis in Scheuermann's disease. Ten consecutive untreated patients with thoracic Scheuermann's were studied. The mean age was 16 years, 1 month, and the mean kyphosis was 64 degrees. Osteoporosis was quantitated by single and dual photon absorptiometry. Seven age-, sex-, height-, and weight-matched subjects were used as controls. The mean bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was 0.975, compared with 1.130 for the control group, significant at P less than 0.025. For patients with a kyphosis greater than 45 degrees, the BMD was 0.913, significant at P less than 0.005. The mean BMD of the femoral neck was 1.00, compared with 1.22, significant at P less than 0.005. For patients with a kyphosis greater than 45 degrees, the femoral neck BMD is 0.983, significant at P less than 0.005. The BMD of the radius by single photon absorptiometry was 0.689, compared with 0.748 in the controls, which was not significant. In patients with a kyphosis greater than 45 degrees, the BMD was 0.655, which is significant at P less than 0.01. A highly significant association exists between osteoporosis and Scheuermann's disease. Further investigation is indicated to determine the role of medical management in the treatment of these patients. PMID- 3206268 TI - Dissociation of muscle action potentials and spinal somatosensory evoked potentials after ischemic damage of spinal cord. AB - In patients undergoing spinal fusion and Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation we recorded compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) from the lower limb and spinal somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) from the caudal epidural space after direct stimulation of rostral spinal cord via epidural electrodes. In three of 30 patients tested, the derotation maneuver altered CMAP but not SSEP. In ten dogs, we observed similar dissociation with decrease or disappearance of CMAP amplitude and unchanged SSEP after ligation of the thoracoabdominal aorta or intercostal arteries at each level. In contrast, both CMAP and SSEP were unchanged by clamping the artery at the lumbar level. This is likely due to the lack of collateral vascular flow at the thoracic cord level, the anterior cord in particular, which is mainly supplied by a single large radicular artery (Adamkiewicz artery). These findings support that the CMAP and SSEP are mediated through two independent pathways located in the anterior and posterior spinal cord, respectively. We postulate that the dissociate alteration of CMAP and SSEP by derotation maneuver is due to greater vulnerability of the anterior cord or motor tract to ischemia caused by the displacement of anterior spinal or radiculomedullary artery. Therefore, the patients requiring major derotation procedure would benefit from CMAP monitoring, which provides more sensitive measure of anterior cord function that the conventional SSEP monitoring. PMID- 3206269 TI - Dermatomal monitoring for surgical correction of spondylolisthesis. A case report. AB - The operative treatment for high-grade spondylolisthesis carries with it an inherently high morbidity due primarily to the probability of significant stretch or other injury to nerve roots. Routine somatosensory monitoring of evoked potentials does not give the same specificity to nerve roots as may be desirable to accurately detect changes during surgical correction. We report our experience with the use of dermatomal monitoring to track changes in conduction characteristics of specific nerves and root entry levels. PMID- 3206270 TI - Biomechanical evaluation of spinal fixation devices: I. A conceptual framework. AB - In the field of spinal fixation devices, there is a profusion of new instrumentations. Often, the biomechanical evaluation is done in a nonstandardized manner, which makes it difficult to compare the results of one researcher with those of another, for the same device or for different devices. There is a need for a conceptual framework under which guidelines may be suggested for the evaluation of these devices in some uniform and comprehensive manner. There are three basic biomechanical tests: strength, fatigue, and stability. The strength test evaluates the failure load of the device, determines its weak points, and is helpful in the initial development of the device. The fatigue test provides a measure of longevity of the device, either alone or as part of the spinal construct, by testing the device to failure using cyclically varying loads. In contrast, the stability test measures the capability of the device to provide multi-directional stability to the injured spine. There is no failure of the device, and the results of this test are clinically important, as they characterize the potential for early fracture healing and early fusion. A conceptual framework for the evaluation of multi-direction stability of spinal fixation devices and guidelines for designing the necessary experiments are described. PMID- 3206271 TI - Biomechanical evaluation of spinal fixation devices: II. Stability provided by eight internal fixation devices. AB - The three-dimensional stability provided by eight spinal fixation devices has been studied in an in vitro biomechanical model using seven-vertebrae (T9-L3) fresh cadaveric thoracolumbar specimens. An injury was created at T12-L1 by complete transection of the posterior elements and posterior half of the intervertebral disc, leaving the anterior half of the intervertebral disc and anterior longitudinal ligament intact. The three-dimensional rotational and translational motions, measures of biomechanical instabilities, were determined under physiologic loads for the intact specimen after injury and instrumentation with each of the eight fixation devices. The tested devices were: Dunn's anterior device (DD); Harrington distraction (HD); Harrington compression (HC); Harrington distraction-compression combination (HDC); Harrington distraction with sleeves (HDS); Luque rods (LQ); Luque rectangle (LR); and Luque short rectangle (LSR). The following devices were stable under the four loads: Flexion: HC, HD, HDC, HDS, LQ, and LR; Extension: HD, HDC, HDS, LQ, and LR; Lateral Bending: LQ and LR; and Axial Rotation: none. PMID- 3206272 TI - Computer tomography evaluation of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation in idiopathic scoliosis. AB - In 30 adolescent patients with 36 structural curves undergoing posterior spinal arthrodesis using Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) instrumentation, computer tomography (CT) was performed to evaluate the change in rotation and in the sagittal plane. The average preoperative Cobb angle was 51.7 degrees, and improved to 18.7 degrees postoperatively, or 64.9%. The angle of rotation of the apical vertebra relative to the anterior midline of the body (RAML) improved from 27.9 degrees preoperatively to 21.5 degrees postoperatively (23.9%). The angle of rotation relative to the sagittal plane (RAsag) improved from 15.2 degrees preoperatively to 13.4 degrees postoperatively (14.3%). The kyphotic angle increased an average of 10.6 degrees in the 14 patients whose preoperative angle was less than 25 degrees. As measured by CT, CD instrumentation improves both the rotational and sagittal plane deformities better than that reported for other systems. PMID- 3206273 TI - Zielke instrumentation in idiopathic scoliosis: late effects and minimizing complications. AB - Sixty-eight patients with idiopathic scoliosis treated with Zielke instrumentation are reviewed. Comparison of Groups A and B demonstrates a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of rod fracture by modifying preoperative selection criteria and operative technique as described. Only one half of the cases with broken implants had an unfavorable clinical course, and those rod fractures with curve progression were associated with significant pain. Average kyphosis was 9.7 degrees, and did not correlate with the subjective result. Analysis of Group A showed that thoracic progression was rare, and tended to occur in patients who were out of balance. Seventy-two percent of patients operated on for severe pain report significant relief at 4.2 years average follow up, many reporting continued improvement between 1 and 3 years after surgery. PMID- 3206274 TI - The superiority of vascularized compared to nonvascularized rib grafts in spine surgery shown by biological and physical methods. AB - Eleven canine experiments were performed to demonstrate the advantages of immediate vascular preservation in ribs used to fill a surgically created osseous gap bridging three vertebral bodies. In the five vascular rib grafts, mean blood flow was retained and measured at .101/ml/min/ml bone tissue. At autopsy 3 months post-operatively, vascularized grafts were more robust and hypertrophic. Mechanical testing in six stiffness modes confirmed the advantage of vascularized grafts. The experimental results indicate that vascularized grafts retain greater viability and better mechanical properties during graft incorporation. Providing a vascularized construct may be helpful in reconstructing large vertebral osseous gaps. PMID- 3206275 TI - Comparison of soluble dexamethasone sodium phosphate with free dexamethasone and indomethacin in treatment of experimental neoplastic spinal cord compression. AB - In an experimental rat model of neoplastic spinal cord compression, the in vivo effect of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on the water content, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and specific gravity of the compressed cord segments were assessed, as well as the effect on the course of the disease. Paraplegic animals presented a consistent increase in the water content, PGE2 synthesis, and specific gravity in the compressed cord segments. The effect of treatment given on onset of paraplegia with either dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex-p; 10 mg/kg twice daily), or free dexamethasone (F-dex; 8.25 mg/kg twice daily) or indomethacin (10 mg/kg twice daily), was evaluated after 30 hours of therapy. Both F-dex and indomethacin eliminated spinal cord edema but varied in the rate of inhibitory effect on PGE2 production (dexamethasone less than indomethacin). Dexamethasone sodium phosphate failed to reduce spinal cord edema and PGE2 synthesis, but specific gravity changes were corrected by each of the administered agents. Evaluation of the effect of treatment on the course of the disease required dose reduction by 50% for Dex-p and F-dex, and to 25% for indomethacin, to avoid lethal toxicity. Treatment was started on appearance of the first sign of neurologic dysfunction (Grade 1) and continued to paraplegia (Grade 5). In the saline-treated rats, the mean time interval between Grades 1 and 5 was 2.7 +/- 0.3 days. Free dexamethasone, Dex-p, and indomethacin significantly prolonged this interval by 57%, 54%, and 48% respectively (P less than 0.005). The three agents differed in their ability to control the increases in water content and in PGE2 production, but proved almost equally effective in the prompt control of the specific gravity changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3206276 TI - The North American decision in historical perspective. PMID- 3206277 TI - School screening for scoliosis. A statement of the problem. PMID- 3206278 TI - Cadaveric spines to cyclic loading in bending, using a maximum bending moment of 3 Nm. PMID- 3206279 TI - Intervertebral disc changes with aging of human cervical vertebra. From the neonate to the eighties. AB - The infantile nucleus pulposus is occupied by tissue derived from the notochord. The nucleus pulposus of this type is replaced by a different type of nucleus pulposus, composed of fibrocartilage and dense fibrous tissue at the first half of the second decade. In the adult, the nucleus pulposus shows morphologically high cell activities near the cartilaginous end-plate, including a process suggestive of regeneration. The surface layer of the cartilaginous end-plate and adjacent layer of the nucleus pulposus seems to play an important role in the maintenance of the nucleus pulposus. Both the calcification within the cartilaginous end-plate, accompanied by bone formation, and its superficial detachment, seems to destroy this layer and lead up to the obliteration of the disc. PMID- 3206280 TI - Morphometry of the cervical spinal cord and its relation to pathology in cases with compression myelopathy. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not computerized tomography myelography (CTM) gave an actual size and shape of the cervical spinal cord, and whether such dimensions reflected pathology of the spinal cord in cases suffering from compression myelopathy. Spinal cord transverse area and compression ratio (sagittal diameter divided by transverse diameter) were measured as indicators of spinal cord morphology. As a basis for this study, we first performed CTM of cadaveric cervical columns and compared the actual dimensions of the spinal cord of the cadaveric specimens with the CTM image. Second, the correlations between these dimensions and pathology of the affected spinal cord were investigated. The results showed that CTM provided a precise image of the actual cross-section of the spinal cord. In 12 cadaveric specimens of cervical myelopathy examined, the transverse area and compression ratio were in good correlation with the severity of observed pathological changes. PMID- 3206281 TI - Level diagnosis of cervical myelopathy using evoked spinal cord potentials. AB - The ESCPs (evoked spinal cord potentials) resulting from both median nerve and spinal cord stimulation were recorded from the interlaminar yellow ligaments posteriorly or intervertebral discs anteriorly on patients with cervical myelopathy in order to determine the most significant lesion in the spinal cord electrophysiologically. The normal median-nerve-evoked spinal cord potential (MN ESCP) consisted of P1N1 and N2(P2) deflections, while normal spinal cord ascending evoked spinal cord potential (SC-AESCP) consisted of N1 and N2 deflections. The abnormal ESCPs obtained from 65 patients were classified into three grades. The spinal level recording the highest grade of ESCP, which was mostly positive wave, generally corresponded to the level that was clearly diagnosed as the main lesion by neurologic and radiologic examinations, such as a case of single level disc hernia. With these techniques, the level diagnostic rates of primary lesions were 94.7% in posterior recordings and 74.1% in anterior recordings. PMID- 3206282 TI - Occipito-cervical fusion reinforced by Luque's segmental spinal instrumentation for rheumatoid diseases. AB - Thirteen rheumatoid patients who suffered from severe neck-occipital pain with or without myelopathy due to cranio-cervical instability, were operated on using a modified U-shaped rod. Twelve of them concomitantly had lower cervical rheumatoid lesions. Average extent of fusion was 5.9 levels. Bone union was confirmed in twelve cases in which autogenous bone graft had been used at approximately 4 months postoperatively; methylmethacrylate was used in the remaining one case. Good alignment of the cervical spine also was obtained in 12 cases; one patient experienced occipito-C2 shortening after an additional surgery for deep infection. Improvement of neck-occipital pain was noted in all cases, and seven of eight patients with myelopathy showed neurologic recovery. PMID- 3206283 TI - School screening for scoliosis by the Chiba University Medical School screening program. Results of 1.24 million students over an 8-year period. AB - The screening program for scoliosis started by Chiba University in 1979 consists of using moire topography, low-dose roentgenography and a final ordinary x-ray examination. The number of children screened through this Chiba University Medical School (CUMS) screening program to 1986 amounted to 1,246,798. The incidence of scoliosis of more than 15 degrees increased linearly according to age from the fifth grade primary school children (0.07% in boys, 0.44% in girls) to the second grade junior high school students (0.25% in boys, 1.77% in girls). The female predominance of scoliosis cases with curvatures of more than 20 degrees detected during the total period was 10:1 and this female predominance was the same for primary school children and junior high school students. According to a study of the incidence of scoliosis by districts, (areas were divided according to population density and urbanization) there were no significant differences in the fifth grade primary school children between the sparsely and densely populated areas. In the cases of children beyond the fifth grade primary school level, however, the incidence in the densely populated areas were significantly higher than those in the sparsely populated districts. The incidence of scoliosis of more than 20 degrees decreased significantly every year among junior high school students, because they were screened periodically in school and the scoliotic students who had already been detected were left out of the next screening. This study establishes that screening for scoliosis by the CUMS screening program is cost-effective with a low risk of radiation hazards. PMID- 3206284 TI - Prediction of curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis based on initial roentgenograms. A proposal of an equation. AB - A retrospective study was conducted in 122 patients with idiopathic scoliosis who were followed for more than 2 years. There were 58 patients who showed 5 degrees (Cobb) or more progression, and 41 patients who showed no progression. Only those who did not receive any treatment or who failed to comply with brace treatment were selected, to eliminate the effect of treatment. In the early phase of the study, 12 parameters were put into a multivariate analysis to observe the relative weight of each of them, which led the authors to eliminate the following five parameters: 1) Cobb angle, 2) rotation of the apical vertebra, 3) deviation of the apical vertebra, 4) Risser's expected correction: (standing angle--supine angle) X 3, and 5) maturation index of the iliac apophysis. Through a multiple regression analysis, an equation was obtained to correlate the predictive and the real progression within 10 degrees deviation. PMID- 3206285 TI - Thoracic disc herniation. Surgical treatment in 23 patients. AB - The authors' surgical procedure for the treatment of symptomatic thoracic disc herniation has consisted of total discectomy of the involved intervertebral disc, followed by intervertebral body fusion using autogenous iliac bone through an anterior approach. The authors prefer the extrapleural approach to the thoracic vertebrae because of simplified postoperative care with minimum surgical interference with respiratory function. During the past 16 years, 23 patients with symptomatic thoracic disc herniation have been treated by this procedure. Preoperatively all 23 patients presented with some measure of paraplegia, with difficulty in walking. Their clinical presentation was analyzed and diagnostic aids to the thoracic disc herniation by radiographic examinations were assessed. The radiographic abnormality of ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL) coinciding with the involved thoracic disc level was noted. The results in all 23 patients with this procedure were favorable. Based on the results of this series, this procedure is recommended for the treatment of symptomatic thoracic disc herniation. PMID- 3206286 TI - Relationship between traumatic spinal canal stenosis and neurologic deficits in thoracolumbar burst fractures. AB - Using CT scans of 112 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures, we investigated the relationship between traumatic spinal canal stenosis and neurologic deficits. We calculated the stenotic ratios of the area occupied by the retropulsed bony fragments to the estimated area of the original spinal canal. We also examined the shape of the narrowed canal and the disruption of spinal elements. Burst fractures having the following ratios are at significant risk of neurologic involvement: at T11 to T12 with 35% more, at L1 with 45% or more, and at L2 and below with 55% or more. PMID- 3206287 TI - Free vascularized fibular strut graft in the treatment of kyphosis. AB - Anterior free vascularized fibular strut grafts were performed in four patients with structural kyphosis, whose curves were: 40 degrees (C3-C7) in a case of Larsen syndrome; 51 degrees (C6-T3) in a postlaminectomy kyphosis; 48 degrees (T9 L2) in a neurofibromatosis; and 125 degrees (T11-L4) in an old tuberculous spondylitis. Bony union at both fibular ends occurred mostly at 12 weeks postoperative. Vascular patency was evaluated by scintigram using 99m TcMDP. All patients showed positive uptake in the shape of the grafted fibula at 1, 3, and 8 weeks postoperative. Without exception, serial roentgenograms demonstrated rapid incorporation of the graft into the vertebral bodies, without any phase of creeping substitution. This method provides stable and long-standing anterior struts, essential in the management of high grades of kyphosis. PMID- 3206288 TI - Effects of peripheral nerve stimulation on the blood flow of the spinal cord and the nerve root. AB - Hemodynamic changes in the spinal cord and the nerve root caused by electrical sciatic nerve stimulation in anesthetized dogs were measured with a thermal diffusion method. The electrical stimulation increased the blood flow of the stimulated spinal cord and the nerve root. The conditions of stimulation giving the maximum increase of blood flow were different for the spinal cord and the nerve root. Strong stimulation at a high frequency of 50 to 100 Hz was effective for increasing the blood flow. In the spinal cord, an increase of the local metabolic rate appeared to be important for the blood flow increase. In the nerve root, the sympathetic nerves may have an important effect in the blood flow increase. PMID- 3206289 TI - Analysis of rabbit intervertebral disc physiology based on water metabolism. I. Factors influencing metabolism of the normal intervertebral discs. AB - Basic factors influencing the metabolism of intervertebral discs of rabbits were quantitatively analyzed based on the water metabolism. The blood flow surrounding the intervertebral disc was calculated using pharmacokinetic concepts from the data obtained by time-related tritiated water distribution analyses. The blood flow was estimated as 0.056 (mg/min/mg tissue) in the anterior annulus, 0.106 in the posterior annulus, 0.120 in the lateral annulus, and 0.084 in the nucleus pulposus, respectively (Experiment 1). Water content and fixed charge density in the intervertebral disc fractions also were measured (Experiment 2). The cations and uncharged small solutes transported into the disc tissue ranged in descending order from nucleus pulposus, lateral annulus, posterior annulus, to anterior annulus. The authors also calculated theoretically the swelling pressure of the proteoglycan in the intervertebral disc fractions from the results of Experiment 2. It was concluded that swelling pressure was highest in the nucleus pulposus, and lowest in the anterior annulus. The water in the posterior annulus is less exchangeable than in the other disc tissue fractions. PMID- 3206290 TI - Analysis of rabbit intervertebral disc physiology based on water metabolism. II. Changes in normal intervertebral discs under axial vibratory load. AB - Metabolic changes induced by axial vibratory load to the spine were investigated based on water metabolism in normal intervertebral discs of rabbits with or without pentobarbital anesthesia. Tritiated water concentration in the intervertebral discs of unanesthetized rabbits was reduced remarkably by axial vibration for 30 minutes using the vibration machine developed for this study. Repeated vibratory load for 18 and 42 hours duration showed the recovery of 3H2O concentration of the intervertebral disc without anesthesia. Computer simulation suggested a reduction of blood flow surrounding the intervertebral disc following the vibration stress. However, no reduction of the 3H2O concentration in the intervertebral disc was noted under anesthesia. Emotional stress cannot be excluded as a factor in water metabolism in the intervertebral disc. PMID- 3206291 TI - Sway of the center of gravity in patients with spinal canal stenosis. AB - In this study the sway of the center of gravity was observed in patients with spinal canal stenosis, in order to observe the movement of the center of the gravity after the onset of claudication. In normal subjects the sway of the center of gravity was restricted to a small area, but in patients with spinal stenosis, the center of gravity was diverted to the left or right side. With claudication, the center of gravity moved forward. Following several rest periods, the center of gravity returned to the initial area. The time required to return to the initial area was longer than for a patient's subjective recovery from the symptoms. PMID- 3206292 TI - Combined contrast studies in lumbar spine diseases. Myelography (peridurography) and nerve root infiltration. AB - Successive performances of the morphologic and functional diagnostic procedures of myelography and/or peridurography along with nerve root infiltration were attempted for evaluating lumbar spine disorders with radicular symptoms. With this combination, the compressed area of the involved nerve root can be specified morphologically and the responsible root level can be assessed functionally. Physical examinations and the above procedures showed that there are three types of cases: cauda equina, radicular, and mixed; and that the responsible level is usually single. The type of decompression procedure can be predetermined, and the extent of decompression can be minimized by the specification of the responsible level and the type of nerve involvement. Symptoms improved in all operated cases after surgery. PMID- 3206293 TI - Degradation and biosynthesis of proteoglycans in the nucleus pulposus of canine intervertebral disc after chymopapain treatment. AB - The effects of chymopapain treatment of the canine intervertebral disc were studied in vivo by monitoring proteoglycan in the nucleus pulposus. Analysis of proteoglycan was carried out by Sepharose CL-4B (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals AB, Stockholm, Sweden) chromatography and electrophoresis. The proteoglycan was degraded to glycosaminoglycans within 1 week after chymopapain treatment. Two weeks later, a proteoglycan smaller than the original appeared in the nucleus pulposus. At 8 weeks after injection, the amount of the newly synthesized proteoglycan, similar in molecular weight to the original, had recovered to about half that of the original, although the new proteoglycan fraction was rich in hyaluronic acid. It was concluded that, following chemonucleolysis with chymopapain, the water-binding capacity of the nucleus pulposus recovered, but that the regenerated nucleus pulposus differed biochemically from the original. PMID- 3206294 TI - Spinal pedicle fixation: reliability and validity of roentgenogram-based assessment and surgical factors on successful screw placement. AB - The increased popularity of pedicle fixation prompted research to address two issues: the reliability and validity of roentgenograms as a technique for evaluating the success of pedicle fixation, and the effects of surgical factors on successful fixation. Thus, does approach--the point and angle of screw insertion, surgeon experience, practice, level of the spine involved, and screw size--effect success of pedicle fixation? Eight fresh thoracolumbar spines were harvested and cleaned of all soft tissues. Two surgeons, one more experienced in pedicle fixation than the other, used two pedicle fixation approaches (Weinstein and Roy-Camille) on both the left and right sides at levels T11-S1 of each specimen. All screws were placed under anteroposterior (AP) and lateral c-arm control. For specimens 1 to 3, 5.5 mm screws were used at T11-L1, and 7.0 mm screws at L2-S1. Unacceptable failure rates at L2 and L3 for the first three specimens resulted in a change of instrumentation for the remaining specimens, with 5.5 mm screws used at T11-L3 and 7.0 mm screws at L4-S1. When surgeons completed the fixations for a specimen, AP and lateral roentgenograms were taken and both surgeons independently evaluated the films to assess the success of each fixation. Failure was defined as evidence of any cortical perforation on any side of the pedicle in or outside of the spinal canal. After completing the roentgenogram evaluation, the specimen was transected in the midline, and the success of each pedicle fixation was evaluated by visual/tactile inspection. There were no disagreements between surgeons on the visual/tactile evaluations of the specimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3206295 TI - The lumbar spine in backward bending. AB - Cadaveric lumbar motion segments were loaded to simulate backward bending (extension) movements of the lumbar spine. The motion segments' resistance was measured initially, and after the spinous processes and apophyseal joints had been cut through in turn. Compression tests were then performed on the discs while they were wedged in full extension. The results showed that extension is resisted mainly by the disc and spinous processes, and that, in hyperextension, damage usually occurs first in the spinous processes (or the soft tissue squashed between them). However, if the spinous processes are particularly widely spaced, then the apophyseal joints can become damaged first. The protection offered the disc by the neural arch is greater in young people, and after the disc height has been reduced by creep loading. The disc can be damaged in hyperextension if the spine is subjected to high compressive forces at the same time. A sudden application of compressive force can cause an anterior disc prolapse, while a cyclic (fatigue) compressive force can increase the posterior bulging of the lamellas in the posterior annulus. PMID- 3206296 TI - Application of a stereoradiographic method for the study of intervertebral motion. AB - A technique of three-dimensional reconstruction along with a method of adjusting anatomic landmarks were used to evaluate movements of the lumbar vertebrae of living subjects. Altogether, 16 subjects took part in the experiment. Each subject was radiographed in an upright standing position, and in each of the following positions: flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending. The results of the three-dimensional reconstruction procedures and the correction of anatomic landmarks show an adequate level of accuracy for experimentation with living subjects. The mean relative displacements of lumbar vertebrae in rotation are 10 degrees of flexion, 3 degrees of extension, 5 degrees of lateral bending, and 1 degree of axial rotation. PMID- 3206297 TI - Instantaneous axes of rotation of the lumbar intervertebral joints. AB - Lateral radiographs of ten normal individuals were studied to determine the location of the instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR) of every lumbar vertebra for the movements of flexion and extension from the upright position and flexion from the fully extended position; and errors involved in the technique were quantified to establish confidence limits for the results of the calculations. The distribution of the IARs was found to fall within a small range from the mean location at each level, particularly for the movement of flexion from the extended position. Within-observer and between-observer errors occurred in tracing and superimposing radiographs and marking x and y coordinates. Unacceptably large errors occur when the movement of the joint is less than 5 degrees, and only the IAR for flexion from extension can be plotted with acceptable confidence. This result invalidates the notion that plotting centrodes may be of diagnostic value in recognizing mechanical disorders. The determination of a single extension to flexion IAR may be of more value clinically, to which end this study provides essential normative data. PMID- 3206299 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging and contrast CT of the lumbar spine. Comparison of diagnostic methods and correlation with surgical findings. AB - Thirty-two patients with suspected lumbar disc herniation were studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast computed tomography (CT). One hundred disc levels were evaluated. Twenty-five patients underwent surgery on 31 discs, allowing anatomic confirmation of the diagnosis. Surgical findings supported the MRI diagnosis at 28 of 31 levels (90.3% accuracy), whereas the CT diagnosis correctly reflected only 24 of 31 levels (77.4% accuracy). Discrepancy between MRI and CT interpretation occurred at ten levels that were surgically explored. Computed tomography (CT) was incorrect at seven levels, and MRI was in error at three levels. The sensitivity of MRI was 91.7%, compared with 83.3% for CT, and the MRI specificity of 100% was superior to 71.4% for CT. This study demonstrates the clinical superiority of surface coil MRI over contrast CT in the evaluation of lumbar disc herniation. Surface coil MRI can be used as the initial diagnostic procedure for a suspected herniated lumbar disc, using invasive contrast studies and CT, if required, to clarify an equivocal MRI finding. PMID- 3206298 TI - A comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphic bone imaging in the diagnosis of disc space infection in an animal model. AB - In a controlled prospective study, 33 rabbits were used to compare the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to scintigraphy in diagnosing pyogenic infection of the intervertebral disc. A suitable inoculum of Staphylococcus aureus (10(8) organisms) was injected into a test level while a similar volume of sterile culture medium was injected into a control disc in each animal. Plain radiographs, MRI, and scintigraphic bone images then were performed at regular intervals after operation. The imaging studies were interpreted blind, as was the final histologic assessment. Five animals died of respiratory complications following sedation. In the remaining 28 animals, 23 developed infection at the test level, and four developed infection at the control disc. Magnetic resonance imaging was found to be more sensitive than scintigraphy in diagnosing discitis, particularly in the early stages of the disease. The overall results showed MRI had a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 97%, and accuracy of 95%. There were two false-negative results and one false-positive. In contrast, scintigraphy had a sensitivity of 41%, specificity of 93%, and accuracy of 68%. There were two false positive and 16 false-negative results. Plain radiographs had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 93%, and accuracy of 88%. There were two false-positive and five false-negative results. The MRI appearance of discitis was characteristic from an early stage in the disease, and preceded the changes on scintigraphy and plain radiographs by several days in the majority of cases. PMID- 3206300 TI - Metaplastic proliferative fibrocartilage as an alternative concept to herniated intervertebral disc. AB - It is hypothesized on the basis of experimental intervertebral disc degeneration that herniated disc is actually newly synthesized proliferative metaplastic fibrocartilage and not herniation of pre-existing disc tissue, particularly that of the nucleus pulposus. Human material in selected surgical tissues was examined to test this concept. Histology revealed evidence for proliferative fronts of fibroblastic cells in herniated discs with hypocellular interiors. Hydroxypyridinium cross-link assay was used to determine the maturity of the collagen. Results indicated, with statistical significance, that herniated disc is a younger tissue than in situ annulus fibrosis, and that herniated disc is not from the nucleus pulposus, thus supporting the hypothesis. PMID- 3206301 TI - Induction of scoliosis in the growing rabbit by unilateral rib-growth stimulation. AB - Growing rabbits were subjected to surgical resection of the intercostal nerves on the right side, posteriorly or anteriorly. Two other groups of animals were used as sham and as normal controls. Six months after the nerve resection, there was no electromyographic evidence of denervation of the involved muscles. Radiologic examinations revealed progressive development of a curve, convex to the left, in each animal of the two resection groups. Analysis of structural changes by computed tomography showed rotation of the apical vertebra about the longitudinal axis. Rib cage deformity was diagnosed in 82% of the rabbits. The experimental model developed for induction of scoliosis is simple. The surgical procedure involves just one selected and easily recognized anatomic structure, leaving the vertebral structures and their vicinity intact. Reliable analysis of the underlying mechanism of the developing scoliosis is thereby assured. PMID- 3206302 TI - Postural control in siblings to scoliosis patients and scoliosis patients. AB - The etiologic importance of postural dysfunction, as shown by many authors in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), has been under great debate. The authors' hypothesis was that a factor that is involved in the development of the scoliotic curvature, would be present also in nonscoliotic siblings to scoliosis patients, as AIS is a hereditary transmitted disease. Postural function in 100 siblings to scoliotic children was investigated by means of stabilometry, and compared with a matched control group of healthy children, as well as a group of scoliotic children. The siblings showed a postural control function that was significantly different from both of the other groups. The siblings had a postural sway that was less than the sway measured in both controls and scoliosis patients. The sway was also more asymmetrical than in the two other groups. In the authors' opinion, the presence of this postural aberration in siblings indicates that it is a factor in the etiology of AIS. PMID- 3206303 TI - Pedicle screws: axial pull-out strength in the lumbar spine. PMID- 3206304 TI - 1988 Volvo award in basic science. Proteoglycan synthesis in the human intervertebral disc. Variation with age, region and pathology. AB - Slices of human annulus fibrosus were cultured under conditions that controlled their hydration and prevented loss of proteoglycans from the extracellular matrix. A quantitative analysis of proteoglycan synthesis was carried out. Both the absolute rate of synthesis and the topographical variation in chondrocyte activity changed with age; the most active cells in the adult were found in the mid-annulus region, whereas in the fetal disc the cells in the inner annulus were the most active. The conditions under which the tissue was stored, and changes in hydration during culture, had considerable effects on synthesis. Pathological discs had a wide range of biological activity that reflected the heterogeneous properties of these specimens. It is suggested that this culture method provides a means of investigating the way in which the synthesis of the macromolecular components of the intervertebral disc are coordinated and subsequently incorporated into the extracellular matrix. PMID- 3206305 TI - 1988 Volvo award in biomechanics. The triaxial coupling of torque generation of trunk muscles during isometric exertions and the effect of fatiguing isoinertial movements on the motor output and movement patterns. AB - Previous studies have shown that reduction of precise motor control accompanies local muscular fatigue. The effects of isodynamic fatiguing of flexion and extension trunk movements on the movement patterns and the motor output of the trunk were investigated. Twenty male subjects with no history of low-back pain for the past 6 months volunteered for the study. A triaxial dynamometer was used that simultaneously provided measurement of torque, angular position and velocity of each axis. Resistances were set independently for each axis by an interfaced computer. The subjects performed trunk flexion and extension movement against a sagittal plane resistance equal to 70% of their maximum isometric extension strength in the upright position. The minimum resistances in the coronal and transverse planes were set up at 7 Newton meters. The subjects were asked to perform trunk movement as quickly and as accurately as possible while exerting the maximum efforts until exhaustion. Analysis of variance, the MANOVA procedure with a repeated measure design, was performed among the selected parameters of the first, middle and last three repetition cycles. The selected parameters are the trunk motor output and movement patterns; the total angular excursion, range of motion, maximum and average torque and angular velocity of the trunk. All the selected parameters were significantly reduced in the sagittal plane. Subjects displayed significantly less motor control and greater range of motion in the coronal and transverse planes in performing the primary task of flexion and extension. The reduction in the functional capacity of the primary muscles performing the required task is compensated by secondary muscle groups and the spinal structure is loaded in a more injury prone pattern, as identified by finite element models. In addition it is suggested that the fatigued muscles would be less able to compensate any perturbation in the load or position of the trunk. The repetitive loading results in a weakening of the viscoelastic passive elements of the spineless structure. The loss of ability to protect these weakened passive elements makes the spine susceptible to industrial and recreational injuries. PMID- 3206307 TI - [How new drugs and new technology have affected various aspects of urology]. PMID- 3206306 TI - Progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation. I. A standardized protocol and normative database. AB - Dynamic tests of trunk strength and lifting capacity have become more popular in recent years, offering certain advantages over static isometric tests in measuring patient progress in functional restoration programs for spinal disorders. However, equipment for performing such tests is expensive to buy, complex to run, and requires technical expertise and clinical volume unavailable in most physician offices. In this study, a new dynamic test known as Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation (PILE) is described, which draws upon prior psychophysical and isoinertial methods. An industrial sample of 61 male and 31 female incumbent workers were tested using the PILE, and a variety of anthropometric normalizing factors were evaluated. The isolation of an "Adjusted Weight" (AW) normalizing factor is documented, after which normative data are presented for male and female workers utilizing lumbar (0-30 inches) and cervical (30-54 inches) dynamic protocols. PMID- 3206308 TI - [The continent ileocecal pouch (Mainz Pouch)]. PMID- 3206309 TI - [Prognostic factors in the progress of non-seminomatous tumors of the testes in clinical stage I]. PMID- 3206310 TI - [Urologic findings after spinal injuries]. PMID- 3206311 TI - [Initial experience with lithotripsy using extracorporeal shock waves]. PMID- 3206313 TI - [Orimeten in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 3206312 TI - [Microsurgical reconstruction of the upper urinary tract]. PMID- 3206314 TI - [Possibilities for hastening diagnosis of tumors of the kidney]. PMID- 3206315 TI - [Use of single and short-term therapy of uncomplicated infections of the urinary tract]. PMID- 3206316 TI - [Malacoplakia of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 3206317 TI - [10 years' experience with radical cystectomy in malignant tumors of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 3206318 TI - Bilingualism--blessing or curse? PMID- 3206319 TI - Patterns of cirrhosis in Natal Indians. AB - A retrospective study was designed to analyse the mode of presentation, clinical signs, haematological, biochemical and histological features in 46 Indian patients admitted with cirrhosis to R. K. Khan and King Edward VIII Hospitals, Durban, between 1977-1981. The commonest presenting feature was swelling of the body followed by pain in the right upper quadrant, most patients had hepatomegaly, jaundice and ascites, and splenomegaly was detected in one-third of cases. Biochemical investigations indicated that most patients had a high globulin and low albumin concentration. Liver function tests revealed raised bilirubin and gamma-glutamyltransferase values in most cases. On histological examination, micronodular cirrhosis predominated (95%) with a high incidence of fat and iron deposition. Changes consistent with alcoholic hepatitis were superimposed in one-third of cases while immunological and viral markers were absent. This study suggests that alcohol is the predominant cause of cirrhosis in Natal Indians. PMID- 3206320 TI - Perinatal health in the peri-urban township of Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Part I. Mothers and their newborn infants. AB - The satellite 'city' of Khayelitsha lies some 40 km south-east of the centre of metropolitan Cape Town. The first phase of the development, Town 1, including a large 'squatter' area, accommodates approximately 150,000 people at present. It is envisaged that ultimately the entire 3,200 ha site will house between 250,000 and 350,000 people. In order to obtain useful planning information for future community obstetric and neonatal health care services, a survey of all births within the Peninsula Maternal and Neonatal Service (PMNS) during 1986 was undertaken. Of a total of 2,113 mothers from Khayelitsha, 2,000 (94.7%) gave birth to a live singleton infant. The mean maternal age was 26.2 years, 15.1% of mothers being under 20 years of age. The mean parity was 3.03, and 18.3% of mothers were having their first baby. Only 3.1% of mothers booked early (in the first trimester); however, 91.9% were booked before delivery. The average number of prenatal visits was 3. The largest proportion of mothers (43.1%) delivered at the Heideveld midwife obstetric unit (MOU). There was an overall pre-term rate of 7.6%, while 8.8% of infants were of low birth weight (LBW) (less than 2,500 g). In addition, 51.4% of the LBW infants were born at term. The mean birth weight was 3,160 g. The largest proportion of mothers (53.6%) were residents of the 'squatter' area. No statistically significant differences in obstetric features, maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcome were discernible between the squatter, site-and-service, and core housing areas of Khayelitsha, with the exception of higher maternal weight, earlier booking and more antenatal visits in the group from the core housing area. PMID- 3206321 TI - Perinatal health in the peri-urban township of Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Part II. Infant mortality. AB - Estimates of infant mortality suggest that the rate during the past 14 years for families living in Khayelitsha at present was approximately 130-160/1,000. In contrast, the infant mortality rate for infants born in Khayelitsha during 1986 was 50.3/1,000. The highest rates occurred in the post-neonatal period in 'squatter' families, infection being a common cause of death. Mortality rates should fall further with improved housing. PMID- 3206322 TI - Adenocarcinoma from endometriosis causing urinary tract obstruction in a patient on oestrogen replacement therapy after hysterectomy. A case report. AB - A patient on oestrogen replacement therapy after hysterectomy developed endometriosis and adenocarcinoma. The involvement of the urinary tract and theories on the pathogenesis of endometriosis and adenocarcinoma in relation to oestrogen replacement therapy are discussed. PMID- 3206324 TI - Healing of the colon. PMID- 3206323 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebral malformation in Miller-Dieker syndrome. A case report. AB - Absent or defective cortical gyri (lissencephaly) combined with a characteristic phenotypic appearance was first reported by Miller and Dieker in 1963 and the clinical, computed tomographic and pathological features of this syndrome have been extensively reviewed. We report on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in a sporadic case of this syndrome. PMID- 3206325 TI - HTLV-I seropositivity in east Caprivi, SWA/Namibia. PMID- 3206326 TI - Mothers' understanding of the graphic representation of weight gain on 'Road to Health' cards. PMID- 3206328 TI - [The dynamics of blood vessel wall changes in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 3206327 TI - [Advances in angiology 1988. 17th annual meeting of the German Society of Angiology. 22-24 September 1988, Esslingen. Proceedings]. PMID- 3206329 TI - [Visualizing muscular phosphorus metabolites in peripheral arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 3206330 TI - [Intravenous and intra-arterial prostaglandin E1 treatment in patients with stage IIb arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 3206331 TI - [Prostaglandin E1 in progressive systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 3206332 TI - [Transperitoneal and extraperitoneal replacement of the aortic bifurcation- comparison of intra- and postoperative complications]. PMID- 3206333 TI - [Blood vessel wall cells of the human in culture]. PMID- 3206334 TI - [Experiences with ultra-high dosage fibrinolysis in arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 3206335 TI - [Stenoses and occlusions of the internal carotid artery caused by strangulation by the hypoglossal nerve]. PMID- 3206336 TI - [Change in the surgical technic in carotid artery reconstruction by registration of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP)]. PMID- 3206337 TI - [Selective biopsy of plaque material for cell cultivation]. PMID- 3206338 TI - [Subclavian-carotid transposition as surgical therapy of subclavian steal syndrome: 5-year results]. PMID- 3206339 TI - [Surgical therapy of carotid artery kinking--retrospective analysis of 43 cases]. PMID- 3206340 TI - [Change in blood coagulation in transperitoneal implantation of aortofemoral bifurcation prostheses]. PMID- 3206341 TI - [Effect of dihydroergotamine on venous macro- and microcirculation in patients with healthy veins and in patients with chronic venous insufficiency]. PMID- 3206342 TI - [Effect of various glycosaminoglycans on laser-induced thrombus formation in the rat mesentery in correlation to inhibition of blood coagulation]. PMID- 3206343 TI - [Compression syndrome of the popliteal artery. Angiography detection and morphologic correlations]. PMID- 3206344 TI - [Testing of proliferation modifying substances on cultivated blood vessel wall cells of the human]. PMID- 3206346 TI - [Hemorheology and microcirculation in cerebral infarct before and following hemodilution]. PMID- 3206345 TI - [Entrapment of the popliteal artery--diagnostic, indicative and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 3206347 TI - [Effect of normal and pathologic physicochemical surface conditions and various pore diameters on erythrocyte filterability in patients with arterial occlusive disease and control patients of the same age]. PMID- 3206348 TI - [Examining the initial lymph vessels of the guinea pig ear using an extension technic]. PMID- 3206349 TI - [Variability of transcutaneous p02 in repeated measurements in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 3206350 TI - [Validation of the treatment of fresh pelvic-leg venous thromboses with ultra high dose streptokinase based on a new phlebographic score]. PMID- 3206351 TI - [Analysis of the periodical Strahlentherapie from 1920 to 1984]. AB - The part of medical science, radiotherapy and radiology, and its outstanding publication organ, Strahlentherapie, in its development in the last sixty years is evaluated in form of a publication analysis. From every decennium the first five years from 1920 to 1984 are taken to analyse the articles by formal facts and contents. Especially the habit of citing is evaluated in detail. Dependences among the factors (especially time dependences) are worked out in detail. PMID- 3206352 TI - [Individual collimators as an aid in improving the accuracy of positioning, the reproducibility of irradiation and the sparing of critical organs]. AB - Despite the technical progress regarding radiotherapeutic facilities, the positioning and fixation of the patient and the reproduction of the daily irradiation geometry is still the critical point in planning and performance of radiotherapy treatments. Besides the use of irradiation masks, an improved adjustment precision and reproducibility as well as an individualization of the target volume is achieved above all by individual collimators. The use of individual absorbers offers a precise and fast adjustment of irradiation fields at the therapy unit, an optimum adaptation of the irradiation volumes to the anatomical features of the patient and the loco-regional tumor extent as well as a selective protection of radiosensitive structures. The historical method of field-shaping by standard absorbers should be abandoned. PMID- 3206353 TI - Symptoms and signs of mandibular dysfunction in primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PSF) patients. AB - Primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) is a form of nonarticular rheumatism characterized by muscular pain and stiffness, commonly located in the neck-, shoulder-, back-, and pelvic regions. The most common finding in patients with mandibular dysfunction (MD) is pain or tenderness of the masticatory muscles, but tender and painful neck and shoulder muscles are also often found in relation to jaw muscle affection. Complaints presented by patients suffering from musculoskeletal conditions may overlap one another. Indeed, there may be some common causative factors for these complaints. To test the hypothesis that some complaints by PFS patients could be explained by mandibular dysfunction, we have investigated the subjective symptoms and the clinical state of the stomatognathic system in eight patients suffering from PFS. According to the Helkimo anamnestic dysfunction index, six patients were classified as having severe signs of MD. The Helkimo clinical dysfunction index revealed severe or moderate dysfunction in all patients. Recurrent headaches was reported by half of the patients. In conclusion, the present study shows that PFS patients also may suffer from mandibular dysfunction. Thus, an examination of the function of the stomatognathic system would be an important part in the investigation to elucidate possible etiological factors behind the reported complaints by PFS patients. PFS may also be of etiological importance for mandibular dysfunction. PMID- 3206354 TI - Individualised restricted intraoral radiography versus full-mouth radiography in the detection of periradicular lesions. AB - The aim was to study the diagnostic yield of periradicular lesions using different combinations of periapical radiographs. One hundred patients were first examined clinically and then periapical radiographs were taken of teeth with clinical signs and symptoms. As a second step of the radiological examination, periapical radiographs were taken of teeth that were endodontically treated or had extensive cavities demonstrated by bitewing radiographs. Finally, these radiographs were supplemented to make up a full-mouth examination. Out of 226 periradicular lesions. 34% were indicated by the clinical symptoms, another 43% by the fact that the tooth was endodontically treated and an additional 13% by having an extensive cavity. The remaining 10% of the periradicular lesions were found only with the aid of the full-mouth examination. It is suggested that information from clinical examination and from bitewing radiographs of the whole dentition might be employed to select radiographs in order to detect periapical lesions. PMID- 3206355 TI - Collective doses to the Swedish population from panoramic radiography and lateral cephalography. AB - A questionnaire was sent to all dental offices in Sweden equipped with panoramic and cephalographic x-ray units. Data were obtained for estimating the energy imparted from panoramic radiography and lateral cephalography during 1984 to the Swedish population. There were two units with intraorally placed focus among the 121 panoramic units studied. Approximately half of the panoramic radiographs, totally 79,000, were exposed on individuals younger than 20 years of age. Ninety three cephalographic units were used to expose 40,000 lateral cephalograms, of which 10 per cent were exposed on children less than 10 years old and 12 per cent on adults. The energy imparted was estimated using the collected data, relative depth dose values and conversion factors from the literature. Mean energy imparted per panoramic examination was 0.50 mJ, and per cephalogram 0.43 mJ. From the panoramic and cephalographic examinations the energy imparted to the Swedish population was 40 J and 17 J, respectively. The corresponding collective effective dose equivalent to the population would be 0.75 manSv and 0.43 manSv, respectively. As a comparison, the collective effective dose equivalent from the annual natural irradiation including radon irradiation from dwellings is about 6.8.10(4) manSv. PMID- 3206356 TI - [Myeloma-related nephropathy]. PMID- 3206357 TI - [Principles of the treatment of various forms of systemic vasculitis]. PMID- 3206358 TI - [Chronic renal failure in middle-aged and elderly persons]. AB - The authors analyzed the frequency of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and the level of serum creatinine (200 mumol/l and more) in 10,350 outpatients aged over 60 (I group), 2400 persons of the same age in need of episodic hospitalization (II group), and in 1840 patients who died in hospital (III group). In the 1st group CRI frequency was 0.98%, in the 2nd group--6.9%, in the 3rd group--14.6%. Pyelonephritis (76.1%) and myelonephropathy (7.5%) were among CRI main causes. The authors underlined the multitude of factors causing CRI in middle-aged patients and the prospects of adequate therapy even in terminal states; CRI syndromes were considered for persons of this age group. PMID- 3206359 TI - [Current problems of diet therapy of nephropathy]. PMID- 3206360 TI - [Orthostatic hypotension in primary amyloidosis]. AB - Proceeding from clinicoanatomical observation of a 50-year-old man, the authors discuss the pathogenesis of arterial hypotension developing in generalized amyloidosis with severe affection of the cardiovascular and nervous system, and the adrenal glands. PMID- 3206361 TI - [One of the possible mechanisms of development and progression of chronic glomerulonephritis]. AB - Proceeding from clinical examination of 430 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) and morphological, histochemical and biochemical studies on kidney biopsy specimens the author has proposed and substantiated a hypothesis, according to which prolonged raised protein reabsorption in cells of the proximal tubules (PT) of the kidney can cause breakage and distortion of the activity of transport systems responsible for the absorption and catabolism of macromolecules. These changes can result in PT cell breakage, escape of lysosomal enzymes into the lumen and basal membrane of PT cells and pericanalicular interstice with further development of cortical interstitial sclerosis. The combination of the above mentioned disturbances would lead to GN progression and development of renal insufficiency. PMID- 3206362 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome (clinico-morphological, immunological and biochemical aspects)]. AB - Morphological, immunological and biochemical aspects of pathogenesis and manifestation of the nephrotic syndrome in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis were considered on the basis of the authors' result and literature data. High clinical importance of the lymphocyte stimulation index for patients' follow-up was emphasized. 131I-albumin metabolism was studied in 105 patients phenotyping of nephrotic hyperlipoproteinemia was done in 28. The results obtained suggested the relationship of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolic derangements with severity of the nephrotic syndrome. Possible causation of the above phenomena was discussed. PMID- 3206363 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis]. AB - Some features of the nephrotic syndrome (NS) were studied in 38 patients with mesangial proliferative glomerylonephritis (MSPGN). Clinicomorphological correlations were deduced, 10-year survival rates were determined. NS in MSPGN can be observed both in diffuse and focal variants, results in clinicomorphological remissions and is not attended by renal functional disorders in most of the patients. The best therapeutic results were achieved with glucocorticosteroids. The 10-year survival rate was 88%. It is assumed that NS main morphological substrate in MSPGN is, first of all, podocytic small outgrowths destruction. PMID- 3206364 TI - [Mechanisms of progression of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3206365 TI - [Mechanism of hematuria in hematuric nephritis]. AB - Peripheral blood erythrocytic functional disorders were studied in 31 patients with primary and secondary hematuric nephritides. A decrease in erythrocyte normal charge was noted in 90%, erythrocyte fragmentation in 43%. Reverse correlation was established between a degree of lowered peripheral blood erythrocyte charge and serum IgA concentration (R = -0.65 +/- 0.15). The role of the detected erythrocytic disorders in the mechanisms of hematuria, the involvement of local (renal) intravascular coagulation in the pathogenesis of hematuric nephritides were discussed. PMID- 3206366 TI - [Study of electrophoretic mobility of urinary lysozyme in the differential diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis]. AB - Different electrophoretic mobility of urine lysozyme was established in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis during electrophoresis in 12% polyacrylamide gel (gel pH 4.3, electrode buffer pH 4.0). The examination of 128 patients has shown that anode position of lysozyme in electrophoretic tubes is observed in 95% of patients with chronic pyelonephritis, and its anode position in 92% of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. A method of urine lysozyme electrophoresis under the above conditions was proposed as a noninvasive method of differential diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritides and chronic pyelonephritides. PMID- 3206367 TI - [Restoration of diuresis in the initial period of the oligoanuric stage of acute renal failure by dopamine-furosemide infusion]. AB - Dopamine-furosemide infusion was used in 31 patients with acute renal insufficiency (ARI) of various etiology in the initial period of the oligoanuric stage. The circulating blood volume was recovered in all the patients by infusion therapy and diuresis stimulation with mannitol and furanthril. The failure of these therapeutic measures was indicative of the presence of the oligoanuric stage of ARI. Dopamine was administered by intravenous drop infusion at a dose of 1-4 microgram/kg/min for 3-4 h followed by intravenous injection of 200 mg of furanthril. Dopamine infusion lasted for 4 more hours (even longer, if necessary), and furanthil during the 1st day was administered at a dose of 200 g every 6 h. The recovery of diuresis and renal function was observed in 13 patients (41.93%), diuresis was recovered but renal insufficiency remained (ARI oligoanuric type was transformed into polyuric type) in 14 patients (45.16%), no effect was noted in 4 patients (12.9%). PMID- 3206368 TI - [Ways of intensification of hemodialysis therapy]. AB - Three methods of intensive hemodialysis were compared: routine hemodialysis (HD) (12 h/m2/week), HD on a highly permeable membrane with ultrafiltration (ordinary in volume and increased up to 10.5 l), and hemodiafiltration with the replacement of 16.4 l. Clearance, pre- and postdialysis concentration in the plasma of urea, creatinine, phosphate and average molecular mass substances were analyzed during investigation; dynamometry was used at the beginning and end of investigation to assess right forearm muscle strength. Better results were obtained with hemodiafiltration. The successive use of three methods of hemodialysis resulted in the patients' improved somatic state and a significant increase in muscle strength. In the authors' opinion, the use of hemodiafiltration would facilitate rehabilitation and reduce a period of preparation of uremic patients for kidney transplantation. PMID- 3206369 TI - [Dialytic ascites: pathogenetic aspects and the possibilities of its treatment]. PMID- 3206370 TI - [Changes in the functional status of the adrenal glands in patients with chronic renal failure during the treatment by programmed hemodialysis]. AB - A study was made of adrenal function in 2 groups of patients with chronic renal insufficiency on programmed hemodialytic therapy. Insufficiency of gluco- and mineralo-corticoid function of the adrenal glands and hyperfunction of their medulla developed in patients with normal BP and controlled hypertension. In patients with uncontrolled hypertension, insufficiency of adrenal glucocorticoid function was attended by hypercatecholaminemia and aldosteronism. Genesis of the revealed disorders was associated with the loss of hormones into the dialysing solution through the membrane, depletion of adrenocortical functional reserves and disturbance of pulmonary regulation of the level of biologically active substances as a result of microthromboembolization of the vessels of the lesser circulation attending hemodialysis. PMID- 3206371 TI - [Status of the antioxidant system and free radical lipid peroxidation in patients with chronic renal failure]. AB - Function of the antioxidant system (AOS) and intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were studied in 42 patients with different stages of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). The AOS state was studied by means of defining the content of SH-groups in erythrocytes using a method of quantitative cytochemistry, LPO activity was determined according to the level of diene conjugates of polyunsaturated higher fatty acids in the erythrocytic membrane by spectrophotometry. AOS functional incompetence was found in uremic patients. Of diagnostic importance was parallelism revealed between a degree of AOS damage and CRI stages. The results of investigation indicated the presence of marked imbalance between AOS and LPO, causing probably some clinical manifestations in CRI patients. Antioxidant preparations could be recommended for use in combined therapy of CRI patients. PMID- 3206372 TI - [Activation of monocytes during hemodialysis]. AB - The authors conducted a clinical study of the hypothesis of interleukin-1 regarded as one of the most important topics in the problem of biocompatibility of dialytic membranes. Hemodialyses (HD) were performed using different cellulose and synthetic membranes. During HD research was made into the kinetics of monocytes and lymphocytes, monocytic activation expressed by a stimulation index, and the deposition of blood elements on the membranes of parallel membrane dialysers. All types of cellulose membranes were characterized by acute dialytic monocytopenia. Synthetic membranes produced no considerable monocytopenia. No convincing data on the dependence of the monocytic stimulation effect on membrane material were obtained. Possible mechanisms of monocytic activation during HD were discussed. PMID- 3206373 TI - [Use of plasmapheresis in the treatment of patients with severe arterial hypertension refractory to drug therapy]. AB - Thirty patients with severe and malignant arterial hypertension (AH) received 1-4 sessions (in most cases 2) of plasmapheresis to overcome refractiveness to drug therapy. Stable BP reduction, improvement of the vascular picture of the fundus of the eye and raised sensitivity to antihypertensive therapy were noted in 26 patients. Though antihypertensive drug dosages were reduced, the antihypertensive effect of plasmapheresis could be observed within 3-8 mos (an average of 5.3 +/- 0.5 mos). The efficacy of plasmapheresis was approximately equal both in symptomatic AH and in essential hypertension. Plasmapheresis was shown to be a method of overcoming refractiveness to antihypertensive therapy which could not be used alone for therapy of refractory AH. Possible mechanisms of BP reduction after plasmapheresis were discussed. PMID- 3206374 TI - [Relation between arterial hypertension and disorder of erythrocyte deformability in patients with chronic renal failure]. AB - A total of 29 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) were investigated. Noticeable disorder of erythrocytic deformability (ED) was detected in half of them. The expression of arterial hypertension showed correlation with a degree of ED disorder. A possibility of the main role of ED disorder in the development and progression of arterial hypertension was discussed. ED disorder was found to correlate with a degree of expression of laboratory signs of the DIC-syndrome and was practically unassociated with the blood level of creatinine. PMID- 3206375 TI - [Renal hemodynamics in hypertensive nephritis: the effect of nifedipine]. PMID- 3206376 TI - [Clinical value of the study of hemostasis in nephrology]. AB - The results of many-year studies on the humoral and platelet links of hemostasis in chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and amyloidosis were analyzed with relation to a stage of disease and prognosis of its course. Activation of the blood coagulation system (BCS), platelet hyperaggregation and suppression of the fibrinolytic system were revealed in CGN. Hypercoagulation was most noticeable in patients with active and prognostically unfavorable GGN types correlating with the frequency of local (in the kidney) intravascular coagulation, the frequency of peripheral thromboses and DIC-syndrome. In amyloidosis hypercoagulation shifts of BCS were combined with the activation of fibrinolysis and thrombocytopenia. Pathogenetic, adaptive and compensatory significance of changes of system of hemostasis revealed in CGN and amyloidosis was discussed. PMID- 3206377 TI - [Effect of nifedipine on renal activity]. AB - Sublingual administration of nifedipine (N) at a dose of 20 mg to 8 persons without cardiovascular and renal pathology and to 19 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) increased renal excretion of sodium (by an average of 51.1 132.8%), water (by an average of 31.7-101.9%), potassium (by an average of 43.2 63.2%) and calcium (by an average of 118%). The natriuretic effect of N appeared in 20 min reaching its maximum in 45-60 min, being more noticeable in CHF. An increment of natriuresis resulted from a decrease in sodium tubular reabsorption (correlation factor--0.92) rather than from an increase in glomerular filtration (correlation factor +0.50). N suppressed sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule (by an average of 34.1%) as well as in the segment, more distal of Henle's loop (by an average of 6.8%). N might suppress directly calcium-dependent mechanisms of sodium transtubular transport but it could also produce a mediated effect as a result of shifts of renal hemodynamics. PMID- 3206378 TI - [Zinc in the treatment of hypogonadism in patients with renal pathology]. AB - The relationship of the symptoms of hypogonadism (HG) with the serum level (SL) of zinc was investigated in 31 uremic male patients: 16 on hemodialysis (I group), 10 on a low-protein diet (II group), and 5 kidney graft recipients (III group). A conclusion has been made that in renal pathology a zinc SL does not always reflect the content of zinc in the body however zinc acetate therapy is effective in the treatment of HG patients as well as in the treatment of retarded physical and sexual development in adolescents with nephropathies. PMID- 3206379 TI - [Characteristics of the aggregative function of thrombocytes in amyloidosis]. AB - In continuity of prior investigations a study was made of platelet aggregation activity stimulated by arachidonic acid in patients with amyloidosis as compared to patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Altogether 31 patients with amyloidosis (primary--2, secondary--15, hereditary in periodical disease--14) and 25 CGN patients (latent disease--10, nephrotic--15) were investigated. Considerable changes in platelet aggregation properties in amyloidosis were shown: the absence of aggregation in most of the patients (22) irrespective of a stage of disease and a tendency to prolongation of a latent period in patients in whom it was observed (9). These data were obtained for the first time. Either normal (in patients with latent type) or raised (in patients with nephrotic type) aggregation to a given stimulus was observed in CGN which was well in accord with the results obtained by other authors. PMID- 3206380 TI - [Tubular acidosis and hypokalemic periodic paralysis in Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 3206381 TI - [Acetylation phenotype in patients with periodic disease]. AB - Acetylation phenotype distribution (activity of N-acetyltransferase enzyme) was studied in 29 patients with periodical disease (PD), 73 healthy persons (Armenians), and 20 patients (also Armenians) suffering from epithelial coccygeal cysts. The results obtained indicated the prevalence of slow acetylation phenotype (67%) in the entire Armenian population. PD was characterized by slow acetylation type (28 of 29 patients had slow acetylation with a high frequency of very slow inactivators). The other hereditary pathology, also specific for Armenians (epithelial coccygeal cysts), was characterized by another type of acetylation--a rapid one. The role of slow acetylation as a genetic marker of PD was discussed. PMID- 3206382 TI - Assessment of work performance in asthma for determination of cardiorespiratory fitness and training capacity. AB - In view of the lack of objective information on work performance in asthma, a progressive incremental exercise test was carried out in 44 subjects with mild to moderate asthma and 64 normal, healthy subjects matched for habitual activity, to compare cardiorespiratory fitness and to determine the relative contribution of airflow obstruction to exercise limitation. The two groups achieved similar maximum heart rates (mean (SD) 176(12) and 175(10) beats/min). After allowance for confounding factors the asthmatic subjects had a lower maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) (by 199 ml min-1) than control subjects. Having asthma also accounted for a significant reduction in anaerobic threshold (125 ml min-1) and oxygen pulse (0.805 ml/beat). There was no correlation of FEV1 with VO2 max, anaerobic threshold, or oxygen pulse either before or after bronchodilator. The dyspnoea index (VE/MVV%) was increased in the asthmatic subjects at peak exercise, but was less than 60% in all subjects at a workload that produced 75% of the predicted maximum heart rate. Thus the asthmatic subjects had a maximum heart rate similar to that of normal subjects but the low VO2 max, anaerobic threshold, and oxygen pulse suggest suboptimal fitness, which was not directly due to airflow obstruction. All had sufficient ventilatory reserve to allow toleration of training at a work intensity adequate to permit improvements in cardiovascular fitness. PMID- 3206383 TI - Effect of peptide histidine valine on cardiovascular and respiratory function in normal subjects. AB - Non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves may have an important role in regulating airway calibre. A recently discovered peptide, peptide histidine valine, is a potent relaxer of airway smooth muscle in vitro and has been proposed as a possible neurotransmitter in this tissue. The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of graded infusions of this peptide (2.5-10 pmol kg-1 min-1) have been examined in six normal subjects in a placebo controlled, randomised double blind study. The mean (SEM) peak plasma concentration of peptide histidine valine during the highest infusion rate was 2392 (170) pmol/l, representing a 29 fold increase above the basal concentration. This was accompanied by flushing, a significant increase in heart rate of 28 (3.7) beats/min and skin temperature of 1.8 degrees (0.16 degrees) C, but no effect on systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Despite these high plasma concentrations of the peptide and the substantial tachycardia and increase in skin blood flow, there was no change in partial expiratory flow at 40% of vital capacity (Vp40) or in the airway response to inhaled histamine (geometric PD40 9.37 and 9.73 mumol during saline and peptide histidine valine infusion respectively). Although these findings provide no support for a physiological role of peptide histidine valine in controlling airway function in healthy subjects, important effects of locally released peptides in the vasoactive intestinal peptide family cannot be excluded. PMID- 3206384 TI - Dose-response relationships and time course of the response to systemic beta adrenoreceptor agonists in infants with bronchopulmonary disease. AB - The lung function response to three doses of salbutamol 0.075 mg/kg given at 10 minute intervals by gastric tube was studied in 31 infants aged 2-22 months with bronchopulmonary disease (eight after the respiratory distress syndrome, 15 with wheezy bronchitis, and eight with cystic fibrosis). Lung function was measured by whole body plethysmography. Seven of 31 infants had normal lung function and 10 of the remaining 24 had an increase in thoracic gas volume (TGV), 10 an increase in airway resistance (Raw), and four an increase in both the TGV and Raw. The response of TGV and Raw to salbutamol was analysed by circular statistics, enabling analysis of coupled, directional data. Thirty minutes after administration of the first dose of salbutamol there was a reduction in TGV or Raw in 21 of the 24 infants, 11 showing a decrease in TGV ("volume responder") and 10 a fall in Raw ("flow responder"). These results indicate that in most infants with bronchopulmonary disease an improvement in lung function can be documented after systemic administration of beta agonists if both TGV and Raw are measured. PMID- 3206385 TI - Relationship of lung function to radiographic reading (ILO) in patients with asbestos related lung disease. AB - The 1980 International Labour Office (ILO) classification of posteroanterior chest radiographs was used to obtain the scores for profusion of small opacities and pleural abnormalities of 172 men with confirmed or suspected disease of the lungs due to asbestos. After allowance had been made for age, stature, and smoking habit the quantitative score for area of diffuse pleural thickening seen in profile on both lateral chest walls contributed to reductions in inspiratory capacity, expiratory reserve volume, and forced expiratory flow rates. Occlusion of one or both costophrenic angles in the presence of diffuse thickening was associated with further reduction in inspiratory capacity. Profusion of small opacities was associated with a reduction in transfer factor. Diffuse pleural thickening and occlusion of costophrenic angles were associated with relatively low values for the forced expiratory flow rates (MEF50FVC) and FEV1/FVC, whereas small opacities were associated with relatively high values. Thus overall increased, normal, or reduced values of MEF50FVC and FEV1/FVC might occur, depending on the distribution of the radiographic abnormalities. The findings contribute to the validation of the ILO pleural scores; those for diffuse pleural thickening and occlusion of costophrenic angles should be used jointly with the scores for profusion of parenchymal small opacities in interpreting the lung function of persons exposed to asbestos. PMID- 3206386 TI - Antileucoprotease in the developing fetal lung. AB - The distribution of antileucoprotease in the lungs of 25 fetuses of 9-40 weeks' gestation was studied with monoclonal antibodies and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Antileucoprotease was detected from 16 weeks in submucosal glands and collecting ducts in the trachea and main and lobar bronchi: it was also found in the surface epithelium of the trachea at 20 weeks, in main and lobar bronchi at 20 weeks, and in smaller bronchi at 20-25 weeks. Non-ciliated cells containing antileucoprotease were observed in the bronchiolar epithelium at 36 and 40 weeks. The results of this study indicate that antileucoprotease is available from birth. It may therefore form part of the first line of defence of the lung. PMID- 3206387 TI - Assessment of pulmonary macrophage and neutrophil function in sequential bronchoalveolar lavage aspirates in sarcoidosis. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in eight patients with biopsy proved sarcoidosis and eight control subjects matched for age and smoking habit, three sequential 60 ml aliquots of sterile saline being used. Each aliquot was aspirated and analysed separately to determine total and differential cell counts. Cellular metabolic activity was stimulated with latex and measured by means of luminol enhanced chemiluminescence to assess neutrophil activity and lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence to assess macrophage activity. In control subjects mean total cell counts were significantly greater in the second aspirate than in the first, but fell slightly in the third. Similarly, in the patients with sarcoidosis mean total cell counts increased from aspirate 1 to a maximum in aspirate 2, before falling again marginally in aspirate 3. The only significant difference in cell counts between patients with sarcoidosis and controls was an approximately threefold increase in total lymphocyte counts in the former in each of the three aspirates. Luminol chemiluminescence was similar in patients with sarcoidosis to that in controls in the first aspirate, but was significantly greater in the second and third aspirates. Lucigenin chemiluminescence was also significantly greater in the second and third aspirates only. Thus in patients with sarcoidosis lymphocyte numbers are increased in all three aspirates whereas cellular metabolic activity is increased to a greater extent in later aspirates, which may reflect events occurring in the periphery of the lung segment. PMID- 3206388 TI - Congenital bronchobiliary fistula: first case in an adult. AB - The first adult case of a congenital communication between the biliary tract and the right main bronchus is reported. Treatment by surgical excision and pneumonectomy was successful. PMID- 3206389 TI - Long ischaemic stricture of the interposed colon. AB - A case is reported of a long segment stricture in a colonic oesophageal replacement with radiographic evidence to support the diagnosis of ischaemia. Ischaemia of the substitute organ following oesophageal resection is a well recognised, serious complication that usually results in anastomotic leakage. If the anastomosis heals primarily, late manifestations of ischaemia are rare. PMID- 3206390 TI - Effect of cigarette smoking on the specific antibody response in pigeon fanciers. AB - Titres of circulating IgG antibodies to pigeon gammaglobulin and end expired carbon monoxide concentrations were measured in 86 pigeon fanciers attending the "Show of the Year." Antibody levels were significantly higher in non-smokers and in those with end expired carbon monoxide concentrations below 10 parts per million. PMID- 3206391 TI - Deoxyhaemoglobin concentrations in the detection of central cyanosis. PMID- 3206393 TI - Fibrinolysis. Proceedings of a French-Japanese workshop. Paris, France, July 13, 1987. PMID- 3206392 TI - Proceedings of the British Thoracic Society. 1988 summer meeting. 13-15 July, Newcastle upon Tyne. Abstracts. PMID- 3206394 TI - Human histidine-rich glycoprotein gene: evidence for evolutionary relatedness to cystatin supergene family. AB - The human chromosomal histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) gene has been isolated and its molecular structure was partially characterized. The gene is approximately 11 kb in length and contains nine exons and eight introns. Locations of the introns in HRG gene coding for cystatin domains are essentially identical with those of cystatin SN, SA and C, and kininogen genes. These results provide direct evidence that HRG belongs to a supergene family that includes cystatin SN, SA and C, and kininogen, and also demonstrate high conservation of the intron-exon organization among this supergene family. PMID- 3206395 TI - [Non-surgical management of gallstones]. PMID- 3206396 TI - [Quality, laboratory and general practice]. PMID- 3206397 TI - [Quality control of laboratory analyses performed in general practice]. PMID- 3206398 TI - [Sexual abuse of children]. PMID- 3206399 TI - [Urinary tract infections in children. Practical aspects]. PMID- 3206400 TI - [Uretero-renoscopy. Our initial experience]. PMID- 3206401 TI - [Use of tobacco among army conscripts. A study among soldiers in in the brigades in Northern Norway]. PMID- 3206402 TI - [Carotid artery occlusion. Symptoms, risk factors, examination and treatment]. PMID- 3206403 TI - [Teflon injection in unilateral vocal cord paralysis]. PMID- 3206404 TI - [Medial tibial pain syndrome]. PMID- 3206405 TI - [Pneumomediastinum]. PMID- 3206406 TI - [Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Clinical aspects and treatment illustrated by a case history]. PMID- 3206407 TI - [Treatment of severe septicemia and meningitis in children]. PMID- 3206408 TI - [HIV antibody testing and statistics]. PMID- 3206409 TI - [Preventive health services for the elderly. A health check-up of 68-year olds in the community of Rauma]. PMID- 3206410 TI - [Primary health care in occupational medicine]. PMID- 3206411 TI - [Insulin-dependent diabetes--medical progress and late complications]. PMID- 3206412 TI - [Widespread diseases--widespread health education]. PMID- 3206413 TI - [Rotating internship]. PMID- 3206414 TI - [New Norwegian percentage charts for height, weight and head circumference for age groups 0-17 years]. PMID- 3206416 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis and Bechterew's disease. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3206415 TI - [Height, weight and head circumference of 0-4 year-old children. Data based on the SYSBARN registration and medical register of births]. PMID- 3206417 TI - [Arthroses. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3206418 TI - [Risk factors for macrovascular disease in diabetes]. PMID- 3206419 TI - [Fracture/dislocation of the minor strut of a Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis]. PMID- 3206420 TI - [Long-term course of somatoform disorders in men. A follow-up study with 11-15 years' observation]. PMID- 3206422 TI - [Epicrises which do not come]. PMID- 3206423 TI - [The working party on priorities in health care discontinued. Thoughts on health economics]. PMID- 3206421 TI - [Microalbuminuria. An important marker for diabetic nephropathy and macrovascular disease]. PMID- 3206424 TI - [National health plan and the need for acute care]. PMID- 3206425 TI - [Structure of the Norwegian health system]. PMID- 3206426 TI - [Treatment of hypercholesterolemia]. PMID- 3206427 TI - [Accident research ought to be given priority]. PMID- 3206428 TI - [Induced abortions in teenagers]. PMID- 3206429 TI - [Might a myocardial infarction be a positive experience?]. PMID- 3206430 TI - [Heart tests. Experiences from a Norwegian health center]. PMID- 3206431 TI - [Anogenital condylomata and chlamydia infections in children. Is it always tantamount to sexual abuse?]. PMID- 3206432 TI - [Corynebacterium jeikeium. Multiresistant diphtheroids as a cause of nosocomial infections]. PMID- 3206433 TI - [Application for basic financial support and special allowance by cancer patients with colostomies]. PMID- 3206434 TI - [A syringoperitoneal shunt. A promising treatment in syringomyelia]. PMID- 3206435 TI - [Intracranial giant cell arteritis]. PMID- 3206436 TI - [Significance of food for synthesis of IgE and allergy manifestations]. PMID- 3206437 TI - [Treatment of hypercholesterolemia in adults. An action plan]. PMID- 3206438 TI - [Induced abortions in teenagers]. PMID- 3206439 TI - [Pregnancy and sick leave]. PMID- 3206440 TI - [Thoughts concerning decentralizing of medical libraries in Norway]. PMID- 3206441 TI - [The concealed figures of the HIV epidemic]. PMID- 3206442 TI - [The HIV epidemic--concealed figures among intravenous drug abusers]. PMID- 3206443 TI - [Hip joint prosthesis. Cement or not?]. PMID- 3206444 TI - [Congenital hip dysplasia in Northern Norway]. PMID- 3206445 TI - [Experiences of the Lord cementless hip prosthesis]. PMID- 3206447 TI - [Complications of angiography]. PMID- 3206446 TI - [Cholesterol embolization. A serious complication to angiography]. PMID- 3206448 TI - [Idiopathic midline destructive disease]. PMID- 3206450 TI - [Amoxicillin in the treatment of gonorrhea]. PMID- 3206449 TI - [Androgenic alopecia]. PMID- 3206451 TI - [Coffee--cholesterol. Is the preparation method of importance?]. PMID- 3206452 TI - [Fast management of insurance is good insurance medicine]. PMID- 3206453 TI - [Alternative medicine]. PMID- 3206454 TI - [The concealed figures of the HIV epidemic]. PMID- 3206455 TI - [Abuse of laxatives]. PMID- 3206456 TI - [Transpedicular osteofixation in lower thoracic and lumbar spine instability]. PMID- 3206457 TI - [Post-polio respiratory failure. New manifestations of a forgotten disease]. PMID- 3206458 TI - [Insect allergy. Hyposensitization with insect venoms in 1980-1987]. PMID- 3206459 TI - [Hematuria in urolithiasis]. PMID- 3206460 TI - [Iatrogenic hyponatremia in newborn infants]. PMID- 3206461 TI - [Coronary complications in Kawasaki syndrome]. PMID- 3206462 TI - [Metastasizing glioma]. PMID- 3206463 TI - [Mild side-effects of oral contraceptives]. PMID- 3206464 TI - [Objective and automated semen analysis. CellSoft-CASA]. PMID- 3206465 TI - [Eukaryotic gene expression: regulation of transcription]. PMID- 3206466 TI - [Human reliability and safety of medical equipment. Basic principles]. PMID- 3206467 TI - [Modern reproductive technology. The patients' attitudes]. PMID- 3206468 TI - [Injuries at a hospital. 4-year experiences from the Regionsjukhuset in Trondheim]. PMID- 3206469 TI - [Inequalities in health care--can they be prevented?]. PMID- 3206470 TI - [The judicious relationship between physicians and nurses]. PMID- 3206471 TI - [Chlamydia infections]. PMID- 3206472 TI - [Cervix cancer--a disease which can be eradicated--if we want]. PMID- 3206473 TI - [Varicose veins and therapeutic routines]. PMID- 3206474 TI - [Criticism of doctors--a failure in training?]. PMID- 3206475 TI - [Infertility and chlamydia infection]. PMID- 3206476 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis in cervix uteri specimens among patients in general practice]. PMID- 3206477 TI - [Genital chlamydia trachomatis infections in Norwegian general practice]. PMID- 3206478 TI - [Laser treatment of cervix dysplasia. Who is to be treated?]. PMID- 3206479 TI - [Partial stripping in insufficiency of the long saphenous vein]. PMID- 3206480 TI - [Serology in lower respiratory tract infections. Virus, mycoplasma and ornithosis serology]. PMID- 3206481 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 3206482 TI - [Use of occupational anamnesis at a lung department]. PMID- 3206483 TI - [Occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting]. PMID- 3206484 TI - [Plasma viscosity measurements]. PMID- 3206485 TI - [Da Silva plasty. A surgical method for management of large hernias]. PMID- 3206486 TI - [Vegetables and prevention of cancer. Carrots are still good for you]. PMID- 3206487 TI - [The Norwegian health care system--medical education and values]. PMID- 3206488 TI - [Special care services--an advantage or a disadvantage?]. PMID- 3206489 TI - [Life style and AIDS/HIV infection]. PMID- 3206490 TI - [Traffic accidents--3 points of attack]. PMID- 3206491 TI - [In vitro fertilization--recent results and recent problems]. PMID- 3206492 TI - [Traffic injuries. A hospital-based registry of injuries]. PMID- 3206493 TI - [First aid in traffic accidents. A prospective 1 year trial in the Trondheim region]. PMID- 3206495 TI - [Parental education in relation to fetal death and death during the first year of life]. PMID- 3206494 TI - [Preoperative cervix dilatation with the prostaglandin E1 analogue Cervagem]. PMID- 3206496 TI - [Non-patient related drugs at homes for the aged]. PMID- 3206497 TI - [Tuberculous peritonitis. A rare manifestation of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3206498 TI - [Treatment of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura]. PMID- 3206499 TI - [Vasculitis of the central nervous system]. PMID- 3206500 TI - [Postoperative acute acalculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 3206501 TI - [Spigelian hernia misdiagnosed as inguinal hernia]. PMID- 3206502 TI - [Legionella in cooling towers in Oslo]. PMID- 3206503 TI - [Fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of palpable breast cancer. Use of a commercial color test for immediate cytologic evaluation]. PMID- 3206504 TI - [Dog bites. A prospective study]. PMID- 3206506 TI - [Non-ulcer dyspepsia. Drug therapy]. PMID- 3206505 TI - [Emergency treatment of serious hypertension]. PMID- 3206507 TI - [Children born after in vitro fertilization]. PMID- 3206509 TI - [Food poisoning--whose duty is it to report it?]. PMID- 3206508 TI - [Non-medical reasons for wishes not to participate in physical training. What role should the school physician take?]. PMID- 3206510 TI - [Screening for Chlamydia infections]. PMID- 3206511 TI - [Uncritical employment of the HIV antibody test]. PMID- 3206513 TI - ['Veterinarians, watch what you're doing']. PMID- 3206512 TI - [2 cases of colonic pbstipation in ponies, probably as a sequela of a treatment with Taktic]. AB - Within a one-year period two ponies were operated on because of colon impaction. The two ponies had each been treated with Amitraz (Taktik) quite recently. In view of findings reported in the literature, the colon impaction in these two ponies was very likely to have been due to treatment with Taktik. PMID- 3206514 TI - [Veterinary professional partnership]. AB - The legal concept of a professional partnership (maatschap) such as it has acquired a place among veterinarians in the Netherlands, was studied. It appears that the validity of the partnership is affected if three essential characteristics have not been included in the partnership agreement. The Civil Code leaves no doubt of that. The professional partnerships agreement is most clearly defined in its limits, where it changes into other forms of business entities. Some of these marginal areas are discussed. The conversion of a professional partnership into a private limited company (BV) does not stand the test of criticism. Naturally, considerable attention has been paid to the dissolution of the professional partnership and the rules concerning a partner giving notice. It appears that the arrangement for continuance plays an important part in these cases. Using these arrangements of continuance is mainly prompted by fiscal motives. PMID- 3206515 TI - [Extraction of the canine tooth?]. PMID- 3206516 TI - [Veterinary Chief Inspection for Public Health. Import meat from Belgium]. PMID- 3206517 TI - [A patient with recurrent bacterial infections]. AB - With the example of a case report of a 17-year old boy with chronic granulomatous disease the recent advances in our knowledge of this disease as well as the therapeutical possibilities are discussed. PMID- 3206518 TI - [Immunodeficiency and chromosome instability]. AB - In this paper, a survey is given of the immunological disturbances in some chromosome instability disorders (e.g. Bloom syndrome, ataxia teleangiectasia and Nijmegen Breakage syndrome). Further, the clinical symptoms and the diagnostic approach will be discussed. PMID- 3206519 TI - [House calls to patients with an immunodeficiency disorder]. AB - Eighty-seven patients with a primary immunodeficiency (PID) and their family doctors were interviewed on their opinions and experiences with the illness and the treatment. The aim of this inquiry was to gain insight in the problems that arise at home. Primary immunodeficiencies are rare and therefore unknown not only to the broad public, but also to many doctors. Patients experience much uncertainty about the character of their ailment, the risk of infections, the treatment possibilities and the prognosis. Information is greatly needed, but hardly available. Patients receive no written information on the subject from their specialists. The contact between PID patients and their family doctor is, generally speaking, poor. Treatment is done mainly on a (poli)clinical basis, leaving the family doctor out of the picture. Most patients say they would prefer home treatment; most family doctors say they would like to be more involved. The patient, however, is very often rushed to the hospital with the first symptoms of an infection. In this article it is argued why it is advisable to improve the contact between these patients and their family practitioners, even when the disease requires treatment by (super)specialists. In view of these facts and arguments it can be considered a challenge for the doctors at home and in the hospital to integrate both kinds of medical care, in order to prevent psychosocial disorders as a sequel of a somatic disease. The second part of the article deals with the setting up of an organisation of PID patients. Benefits of such an organisation, and also the possible risks involved, are discussed. PMID- 3206520 TI - [Statistics of 10 congresses for pediatrics]. PMID- 3206521 TI - [Good general pediatrics is common property]. PMID- 3206522 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative inventory of scientific research in pediatrics at the Dutch universities (1981-1985)]. AB - A survey was made of the contribution to the scientific research of the different pediatric departments at the universities in The Netherlands. The evaluation was based on quantitative and qualitative output of scientific papers over the period 1981-1985. It was possible to indicate the better research-groups at the universities. This information should form a solid base for future research policy with respect to pediatrics in The Netherlands. PMID- 3206523 TI - Nephrotoxicity of N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide metabolites in vivo and in vitro. AB - The experimental fungicide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) has been shown to produce selective nephrotoxicity at least in part through the actions of one or more metabolites. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the nephrotoxic potential of three known NDPS metabolites; N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2 hydroxysuccinimide (NDHS), N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinamic acid (NDHSA), and N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)malonamic acid (DMA) and (2) examine the role of renal biotransformation in NDPS-induced nephrotoxicity. In one set of experiments, male Fischer 344 rats were administered a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of NDPS or a NDPS metabolite (0.2, 0.4, or 1.0 mmol/kg) or vehicle (sesame oil, 2.5 ml/kg) and renal function was monitored at 24 and 48 hr. Both NDHS and NDHSA administration (0.2 or 0.4 mmol/kg) resulted in nephrotoxicity similar to that produced by NDPS (0.4 or 1.0 mmol/kg). DMA administration resulted in only minor renal effects. Addition of NDPS to renal cortical slices prepared from naive Fischer 344 rats resulted in decreases in p-aminohippurate (PAH) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) accumulation at NDPS media concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-5) M or greater, respectively. Pretreatment of rats with microsomal enzyme activity modifiers (phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, cobalt chloride, or piperonyl butoxide) had little effect on in vitro effects of NDPS on PAH or TEA accumulation. A pattern of PAH or TEA uptake similar to that observed for NDPS was observed in vitro with NDPS-d4, a nonnephrotoxic analog of NDPS labeled on the succinimide ring with deuterium. Of the NDPS metabolites tested in vitro for nephrotoxicity, only NDHS produced decreases in PAH and TEA accumulation similar to those produced by NDPS. These results suggest that the NDPS metabolites NDHS and NDHSA are nephrotoxic compounds. However, the role of these metabolites in NDPS-induced nephrotoxicity remains to be determined. In addition, it appears that NDPS has direct effects on renal function, but these effects do not appear to be of major toxicological significance in vivo. Direct renal bioactivation of NDPS or its known metabolites to nephrotoxic species does not appear to occur in vitro. PMID- 3206524 TI - Morphogenesis of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate-induced pulmonary injury in mice. AB - The purpose of this study was to establish and characterize an experimental model in mice that examined the pulmonary effects of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP), a contaminant present in commercially important organophosphorus insecticides. Characterization of the model will allow the delineation of comparative effects between species and its possible extrapolation to man, and provide an additional experimental animal species satisfactory for mechanistic oriented studies on OOS-TMP and related compounds. The morphogenesis of pulmonary injury induced by OOS-TMP was studied in mice by light and transmission electron microscopy. Weanling female C57BL/Ka mice received OOS-TMP dissolved in corn oil by intraperitoneal injection and were studied at intervals from 6 to 168 hr after treatment. Morphologic changes were observed in Clara cells only at the initial time period examined. Injury of pulmonary parenchymal cell populations, including the endothelium and type I alveolar epithelium, occurred after morphologic changes indicative of severe cell injury and necrosis in Clara cells. Endothelial cell injury was accompanied by significant increases in wet lung weight and percentage lung water content. Type I alveolar epithelial cell injury and loss resulted in a bare basal lamina, followed by attenuation, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of type II alveolar epithelial cells. The results of this study document the successful establishment of a mouse experimental model of OOS-TMP induced pulmonary toxicity. It is concluded that the Clara cell was the initial and most severely affected pulmonary cell population in mice receiving OOS-TMP. The administration of OOS-TMP in mice also results in marked morphologic alterations in the pulmonary parenchyma that were accompanied by significant changes in lung weight and composition. PMID- 3206525 TI - Derivation of retinoic acid and metabolites from a teratogenic dose of retinol (vitamin A) in mice. AB - Megadose supplements of vitamin A are under suspicion as hazards to the developing embryo after the discovery that two vitamin A-related drugs, Accutane and Tigason, are human teratogens. Retinoic acid (all-trans-RA) is a natural metabolite of vitamin A which participates in many of the known functions of vitamin A and may be the active agent in teratogenesis. In this investigation we gave a single, high oral dose of retinol (vitamin A) to pregnant mice to assess its transplacental pharmacokinetics as well as to measure the formation and distribution of its metabolites in the embryo. Retinol was estimated to be 4-fold less active than retinoic acid in the whole animal teratogenesis and 20-fold less active in the in vitro bioassay. A fully teratogenic dose, 200 mg/kg, yielded considerable quantities of retinoic acid which were transferred to the embryo with kinetics similar to that of retinol. During the first 8 hr after administration of retinol, the metabolites (including all-trans-RA, 13-cis-RA, and 4-oxo-RA) constituted almost 50% of the quantity of all retinol derivatives found in the embryo. A comparison of combined peak concentrations of the metabolites (or their AUC values) with the extent of teratogenesis associated with them individually provided sufficient evidence to implicate the metabolites themselves as mediators of retinol-induced teratogenesis. However, since both retinol and retinoic acid were present in sufficient concentrations in the embryo to act as teratogens we cannot at present rule out the possibility that they may act independently. Further experimentation will be necessary to address whether retinoic acid detected in the embryo is the product of the embryo's own metabolic capability or is transferred from the maternal circulation. PMID- 3206526 TI - The effect of carbon monoxide on aminopyrine metabolism in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant widely recognized for its ability to inhibit cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics in vitro. In recent years, the importance of the lung in the metabolic disposition of certain airborne and systemically administered xenobiotics has been demonstrated. The purpose of this investigation was to establish a threshold for the CO-induced inhibition of cytochrome P450-mediated activity in the isolated perfused rabbit lung and to determine if hemoglobin would alter the carbon monoxide-cytochrome P450 interaction. On the basis of its half-life and the stoichiometry of its metabolism, aminopyrine was shown to be a good substrate for monitoring mixed function oxidase activity in the intact rabbit lung. First-order rate constants for aminopyrine metabolism were significantly lower in isolated rabbit lungs perfused with either artificial medium (39%) or whole blood (67%) and ventilated with a 7.5% CO/20% O2 mixture for 2.5 hr than in the respective control lungs ventilated with breathing air. The threshold level (7.5% CO) for this inhibition is the same in lungs perfused with artificial medium and in whole blood-perfused lungs and is well above environmentally relevant levels of exposure. PMID- 3206527 TI - Effects of low levels of NO2 on terminal bronchiolar cells and its relative toxicity compared to O3. AB - This report describes structural changes occurring in the terminal bronchioles of rats exposed to low levels of NO2 continuously for 6 weeks. In addition, the relative susceptibility of epithelial cells to oxidants and the comparative toxicity of NO2 and O3 are discussed. Terminal bronchioles isolated from rats exposed 5 days/week to 2.0 ppm NO2 (plus two 1-hr daily spikes to 6.0 ppm) were found to have 19% less ciliated cells per unit area of epithelial basement membrane. The remaining ciliated cells had a reduced mean surface area (-29%). The shape of the Clara cell changed with reduced size of the dome protrusions but increased cell contact with the basement membrane. These data indicate that exposure to 2.0 ppm NO2 (+ spikes) for 6 weeks caused injuries to cilia and ciliated cells and possible Clara cell differentiation in the terminal bronchioles of adult rats. Exposures of adult or juvenile rats to 0.5 ppm NO2 (+ two 1-hr daily spikes 5 days/week to 1.5 ppm) did not cause morphologically measurable injuries in the terminal bronchioles. The severity of the concentration-dependent epithelial cell reactions to NO2 and O3 in adult rat terminal bronchioles were compared to those occurring in the proximal alveolar regions (PAR). Epithelial cells in the PAR appeared to be more susceptible to oxidant insult since both 0.5 ppm NO2 and 0.25 ppm O3 were found to cause epithelial injury only in the PAR. Comparison of epithelial reactions to 6-week exposures to either NO2 or O3 indicated that 0.25 ppm O3 caused four times as much increase in the number of type I epithelial cells as did 2 ppm (+spikes) NO2. Therefore, O3 could be 40 times more toxic than NO2 in the PAR on the basis of the inspired concentration and the focal response. On the other hand, there was no loss of ciliated cells following the 0.25 ppm O3 exposure. This suggests that the ratio of O3 to NO2 toxicity in the terminal bronchioles is considerably less than 10. The relative toxicity of the two oxidant gases appears to be site specific. PMID- 3206528 TI - The chronic hepatic or renal toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, acetaminophen, sodium barbital, and phenobarbital in male B6C3F1 mice: autoradiographic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical evidence for levels of DNA synthesis not associated with carcinogenesis or tumor promotion. AB - Male B6C3F1 mice, 6 weeks of age, were fed diets or water containing di(2 ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) at 12,000 or 6000 ppm, acetaminophen (ACT) at 10,000 or 5000 ppm, sodium barbital (BBS) at 1000 ppm, or phenobarbital (PB) at 500 ppm for 40 weeks. Groups of six mice were terminated at 2, 8, 24, and 40 weeks for evaluation of liver and kidney weights, histopathology, and thymidine kinase (TK) activity in liver and kidney and levels of DNA synthesis, measured by tritiated thymidine [( 3H]T) autoradiography or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. Liver weights, as percentage of body weight, were significantly elevated at most time intervals for mice exposed to all chemicals at each dose. The hepatocyte labeling indices (LI) with [3H]T autoradiography or BrdU immunocytochemistry were significantly elevated in mice fed DEHP at 12,000 ppm at 24 and 40 weeks or BBS and ACT at 2 weeks. LI were not elevated in mice fed PB. Hepatic TK activity was significantly elevated in mice fed DEHP, BBS, or ACT at Weeks 2 and 8. Histopathologic hepatic lesions were associated with these elevations, while hepatic lesions were not associated with changes in TK activity in PB-treated mice. In contrast, only DEHP and BBS induced toxic renal lesions. Persistent or transient elevation of the renal LI and TK activity accompanied renal toxicity. Thus, the hepatic toxin DEHP induced chronic renal hyperplasia without evidence of renal carcinogenicity or tumor promotion in previous studies at the doses used. ACT, a hepatotoxin, produced transient chronic hepatic hyperplasia without evidence of carcinogenicity in B6C3F1 mice in earlier studies at the same doses used. Thus, persistent or transient hepatic or renal hyperplasia was associated with carcinogenic or tumor promoting activity of these chemicals in some cases but not in others. PMID- 3206529 TI - Mercury vapor uptake and hydrogen peroxide detoxification in human and mouse red blood cells. AB - The uptake of Hg vapor (Hg0) by suspensions of human and BALB-c mouse erythrocytes was studied in a closed exposure system. The formation of catalase compound-I and thereby the oxidation of Hg0 was initiated by microinfusion of hydrogen peroxide. The degradation of H2O2 by the glutathione (GSH)/GSH peroxidase system was reduced by t-butyl-hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) or by 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). In human red blood cells, CDNB and t-BOOH increased the rate of Hg vapor oxidation at the low and intermediate H2O2 supplementation rates. In mouse erythrocytes, Hg uptake was increased by CDNB over the entire H2O2 infusion range. In human cells, t-BOOH (0.1 mM) produced a remarkably high Hg uptake even without added H2O2. This Hg uptake in absence of exogenous H2O2 was inhibited by aminotriazole as was the activity of catalase. Hence, the Hg uptake was likely to have been induced by endogenous hydrogen peroxide. These findings support the view that the intact GSH/GSH peroxidase system can diminish the efficiency of compound-I-induced Hg vapor oxidation in erythrocytes. PMID- 3206530 TI - Methoxychlor induces estrogen-like alterations of behavior and the reproductive tract in the female rat and hamster: effects on sex behavior, running wheel activity, and uterine morphology. AB - The current investigation was designed to determine if the pesticide methoxychlor (M) mimicked the effects of estrogen in the brain and on behavior. Running wheel activity (RWA) and sex behaviors were evaluated in this study because the role of estrogen in the regulation of these behaviors has been thoroughly established. M exposure at 400 mg/kg/day (90% pure) induced high levels of acyclic RWA and persistent vaginal estrus in the female rats. Following ovariectomy (ovx), RWA declined precipitously in controls but remained at high levels in M-treated-ovx females. M also produced estrogen-like alterations of the uterine endometrial epithelium, the ovary, and growth after ovx. In another study, ovx female rats were dosed with M at 200 mg/kg/day and then with progesterone (P). P acts as an antiestrogen and specifically suppresses estrogen-induced RWA. P blocks the synthesis of estrogen receptors in the CNS and reproductive tract but does not lower RWA induced by nonestrogenic mechanisms. After 14 days of M administration RWA was increased fourfold over the ovx-oil-treated females. Subsequently, P injections reduced RWA levels far below those seen when the ovx-M-treated rats were injected with oil. The P-induced decline represents a 95% inhibition of the M-induced increase in RWA. Subsequently, M-treated-ovx rats and hamsters were injected with P and tested for their ability to display reproductive behaviors when paired with a stud male. Female sexual behaviors are induced by the administration of estrogen followed by progesterone. In this study the M-treated females displayed reproductive behaviors, in contrast to the oil-treated rats and hamsters. The observation that the high levels of RWA induced by methoxychlor treatment in ovx rats can be suppressed by concurrent progesterone injections demonstrates that the increase in RWA is due to the estrogenic effects of methoxychlor on the CNS. The fact that methoxychlor, followed by P injections, induces behavioral estrus in the rat and hamster extends this estrogenicity to other areas in the CNS. PMID- 3206531 TI - Contribution of methylsulfonyl metabolites of m-dichlorobenzene to the heme metabolic enzyme induction by the parent compound in rat liver. AB - In the present study, we investigated the contribution of methylsulfonyl metabolites derived from m-dichlorobenzene (m-DCB) on the heme metabolic enzyme induction by the parent compound in rats. The time courses of the effects of a single ip administration of m-DCB (200 mg/kg, 1.36 mmol/kg) and 2,4- and 3,5 dichlorophenyl methyl sulfones (2,4- and 3,5-DCPSO2Mes) (each 50 mumol/kg) on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 content were almost in parallel with those on the total heme content in liver microsomes. m-DCB significantly increased the heme oxygenase activity, but 2,4- and 3,5-DCPSO2Mes did not. On the other hand, m DCB and both methyl sulfones markedly enhanced the delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase activity. No change was observed in percentage saturation of the tryptophan pyrrolase activity after administration of m-DCB, whereas this ratio at 6 hr after injection of 3,5-DCPSO2Me was increased. In the liver of the DL buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO)-treated rats dosed with m-DCB, both of 2,4- and 3,5-DCPSO2Mes were present at significantly lower concentrations than in non BSO-treated rats. Additionally, the m-DCB did not elevate the ALA synthetase activity in the BSO-treated rat. On the other hand, the administration of either 2,4- or 3,5-DCPSO2Mes to BSO-treated rats resulted in induction of ALA synthetase. m-DCB and 2,4- and 3,5-DCPSO2Mes produced a dose-related increase in liver levels of methyl sulfones. The changes in the ALA synthetase activity after the administration of varying doses of m-DCB were similar to those after the administration of 2,4- or 3,5-DCPSO2Mes, whereas the sum of the concentration of two methyl sulfones in the liver of rats dosed with m-DCB was almost the same as the concentration of methyl sulfone after the administration of either 2,4- or 3,5-DCPSO2Mes. The results strongly suggest that the methyl sulfones derived from m-DCB, i.e., 2,4- and 3,5-DCPSO2Mes, contribute highly to the induction of the ALA synthetase activity by the parent compound. PMID- 3206532 TI - An analysis of pulmonary natural killer cell activity in F1-hybrid mice with acute graft-versus-host reactions. AB - The kinetics of activation, cell surface phenotype, target cell specificity and anatomic localization of pulmonary natural killer cells was examined in (C57BL/6 X A/J)F1-hybrid mice with acute graft-versus-host reactions induced by intravenous injection of 50 x 10(6) parental strain lymph node and spleen cells. Results showed that there was a marked increase in NK cell activity directed against YAC-1 tumor cells. This activity remained elevated in the lung over almost the entire course of the reaction, whereas it was only transiently increased in the spleen during the early stages of the reaction and then fell to control values. During the reaction, NK cells from both organs acquired the ability to kill P815 targets, cells that are normally insensitive to NK cell lysis. The level of P815 killing never reached that achieved against YAC-1 cells, but was significantly higher in the lung than in the spleen. Antibody and complement depletion experiments showed that both anti-YAC-1 and anti-P815 activity could be depleted with antiserum to the asialo-GM1 cell surface marker, but was unaffected by anti-Lyt-1.2 and anti-Lyt-2.2 treatment. Anti-YAC-1 activity was partly sensitive to depletion with anti-Thy-1.2. Cytotoxicity to P815 target cells acquired during the reaction was completely abrogated by anti Thy-1.2. These findings suggest that during the reaction two phenotypically distinct types of NK cells are activated: a conventional, Thy-1-negative cell that kills only YAC-1 targets, and a Thy-1-positive cell with a broadened spectrum of lytic activity. We suggest that the latter may be generated in response to interleukin-2 released during the lymphoproliferative phase of the reaction and may represent a type of lymphokine-activated killer cell. Our results revealed that virtually all of the NK cell activity in the lung could be attributed to cells residing in the interstitium, or to cells tightly adherent to endothelium or epithelium. There was no correlation between augmented NK cell activity in the lung and the presence of peribronchial and perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates seen in histological sections of the lung. These findings do not appear to support the idea that NK cells are by themselves directly responsible for the pathological changes produced by the reaction. PMID- 3206533 TI - Effect of cyclosporine on steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cells. AB - Cyclosporine induces hypoandrogenism in adult male rats. In order to assess whether this effect of CsA may be due to a direct inhibitory effect on Leydig cell function, CsA (0, 50, 500, and 5000 ng/ml) was added to a collagenase dispersed mixed Leydig cell preparation and incubated with and without hCG (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 ng/ml). Testosterone (T) production, mitochondrial cholesterol side chain cleavage (CSCC) and microsomal 17,20-desmolase enzyme activities in Leydig cells were determined after 3 hr of incubation. In the absence of CsA, stimulation of T production was maximal (about 16-fold) with 1.0 ng/ml hCG. With 50 and 500 ng/ml CsA there were no changes in either the hCG stimulated T levels or the two enzymatic activities. However, 5000 ng/ml CsA significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the hCG (1 ng/ml)-stimulated T levels, CSCC and 17,20-desmolase activities. The high dosage of CsA (5000 ng/ml) also caused a significant decrease in cell viability (P less than 0.05) during the incubation period. These effects of CsA were not due to cremophor EL, the CsA vehicle. This in vitro data indicate that high dosages of CsA (greater than or equal to 5000 ng/ml) appear to have a cytotoxic effect on rat Leydig cells that results in a decrease in T production. However, lower doses of CsA (less than 500 ng/ml) do not have any direct inhibitory effect on the rat Leydig cells, suggesting that the hypoandrogenic effect of in vivo CsA in rats is not due to any direct effect on the testis. PMID- 3206534 TI - Recipient endothelialization of renal allografts. An immunohistochemical study utilizing blood group antigens. PMID- 3206535 TI - The effects of cooling rates and storage temperature on the function of 24-hour cold-preserved rabbit kidneys. PMID- 3206536 TI - Effect of verapamil on glomerular filtration rate and glomerular prostaglandin production during cyclosporine administration. PMID- 3206537 TI - Beneficial effect of cyclosporine pretreatment in preventing ischemic damage to the liver in dogs. PMID- 3206538 TI - Glucose-containing organ preservation solutions and intracellular acidosis. PMID- 3206539 TI - Preservation of livers with UW or Euro-Collins' solution. PMID- 3206540 TI - [Tropomyosin and myosin subfragment 1 induce in thin muscle fiber filaments differing conformational changes in the C-terminal portion of the polypeptide chain of actin]. AB - Muscle fibres, free of myosin, troponin and tropomyosin, containing thin filaments reconstructed from G-actin and modified by fluorescent label 1,5 IAEDANS were used for polarized microfluorimetric studies of the effect of tropomyosin (TM) from smooth muscles, and of subfragment 1 (S1) from skeletal muscles on the structural state of F-actin. TM and S1 were shown to initiate different changes in polarized fluorescence of 1,5-IAEDANS of F-actin: TM increases, whereas S1 decreases fluorescent anisotropy. It was suggested that the structural state of F-actin may differ in the C-terminal of polypeptide chain of actin. PMID- 3206542 TI - [The distribution of negative charges on the luminal surface of Descemet's endothelium]. AB - The localization of anionic sites on the surface of corneal endothelium was investigated using colloidal nickel. The distribution of the binding sites of colloidal nickel along the cell surface was examined with the scanning electron microscope. The application a special detector of high sensitivity reflection allows to register a composed contrast determined by colloidal nickel. Colloidal nickel is bound with the surface of endothelium in areas of cell junctions only. A 1 X 10(-4)% sol. adrenaline injection into the anterior rabbit eye chamber in vivo changed the distribution of colloidal nickel. These findings demonstrate that colloidal nickel allows to mark the anionic sites on the cell surface for scanning electron microscopic studies. PMID- 3206541 TI - [Differentiation and a change in the sensitivity to antibrain serum of circulating colony-forming units under the action of thymic factors]. AB - The rabbit anti-mouse brain serum (RAMBS) that interacts with SC-1 marked cells, rather than with thymocytes and bone marrow cells, inhibits most of the blood and bone marrow colony-forming unit (CFU) population. A commercial thymus preparation thymalin increases the granulocytopoietic activity of the circulating CFU and decreases their sensitivity to RAMBS in thymectomized and normal animals. Differentiation of circulating CFU remains unchanged in thymalin-treated mice after RAMBS administration, while CFU erythroid activity of nontreated animals is lowered. The revealed changes in the CFU differentiation and sensitivity to RAMBS confirm the assumption that SC-1 antigen may mark Thy-1 lymphocytes of their microenvironment, rather than CFU. PMID- 3206543 TI - [Ultrastructure of the mitotic chromosomes in pig embryonic kidney cells during their reversible artificial decondensation in vivo]. AB - Using methods of in vivo observation and ultrathin sectioning, it is shown that chromosomes of metaphase PE cells, previously treated with diluted Henk's solutions (70, 30 and 15%), undergo some structural transitions resulting in the formation of micronuclei. At the early stages of hypotonic treatment chromosomes are seen considerably swollen and losing the higher levels of organization, including the chromonema and chromomeres. The chromosomal bodies are formed by DNP fibers 10-25 nm in diameter making loops radiating from the central part of the chromatids. Chromosomes are capable of recondensing from this state by consecutive reconstitution of G-bands, chromomeres and the chromonema. The subsequent secondary decondensation of chromosomes is analogous to telophase decondensation at the normal mitosis, but it results in the formation of a great number of small nuclei (micronuclei). The chromatin structure in micronuclei as well as their ability to synthesize RNA and to replicate DNA show these effects to be reversible. It has been suggested that the loop organization of DNP may be essential for sustaining the structural integrity of the mitotic chromosome. PMID- 3206544 TI - [Structural disorder of the endoplasmic sheath of microfilaments during neoplastic transformation]. AB - Neoplastic transformation of cultured cells leads to a disorganization or loss of actin bundles. The platinum replica technique was used to study transformation dependent changes of other structures of actin cytoskeleton, that is the active edge actin meshwork and endoplasmic microfilament sheath. Cultures of 3 normal and 10 neoplastic cell lines were used. While the structure of the active edge meshwork was found unaltered in transformed cells, the endoplasmic sheath was very sensitive to transformation. It appeared much looser than in normal cells, to become fragmented up to a complete loss in certain cases. The fine structure of the sheath in transformed cells was also changed. It was composed of short random microfilament fragments instead of long parallel microfilaments typical for normal cells. The degree of sheath alterations varied among different transformed cells lines. A certain correlation could be observed between sheath changes and other signs of neoplastic transformation. PMID- 3206545 TI - [Effect of the tumor promoter TPA on the distribution of PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes by cell cycle phases]. AB - Patterns of the cell cycle distribution in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, stimulated by PHA alone and PHA plus 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), were studied using DNA cytometry in different times after PHA stimulation. In the first period (nearly 3 days after PHA stimulation) TPA induces no significant differences in the characters under consideration, but in the later period, when the proliferation of the cultures stimulated by PHA alone is reducing, in other cultures stimulated by PHA plus TPA the percentage of cells in S-phase does not reduce, whereas the percentage of cells in G2-phase is rising, which may suggest that this phase is blocked. Concurrently the tetraploid cells are appearing. Accumulation of cells in G2-phase can be overcome by the application of chlorpromazine, which is known to inhibit the membrane-associated protein kinase C. PMID- 3206546 TI - [Proliferation of cultured cells with genetically induced resistance to ethidium bromide on synthetic nutrient media without serum]. AB - Lebr 625 and Lebr 350 cells, resistant to ethidium bromide in concentrations 25 and 50 mkg/ml, are able to grow continuously in serum- and protein-free media. Under the same conditions the parental L929 cells are not able to. Two cell lines (625 sf and 350 sf) were established capable of growing in serum- and protein free media. It is found that ethidium bromide is toxic for resistant cells grown the in serum-free medium. The addition of serum lowers the toxic action of ethidium bromide. A continuous growth of resistant cells in serum-free medium (under nonselective conditions) leads to a decreased level of resistance, which may nevertheless persist for a long period of cultivation (over 2.5 years). PMID- 3206547 TI - [Reproducible chromosomal instability of an established Chinese hamster cell line detectable by flow cytometry]. AB - The karyotypes of individual cells in clones of the established Chinese hamster cell line display a highly heterogeneous pattern. Unlike situation in individual cells, the flow karyotypes of cloned cell populations are very similar. A comparison of these facts suggests that mostly the same certain chromosomal reorganizations, appearing frequently enough, may occur in the cells. As a result, the whole set of possible variants of reorganized chromosomes appear during few cell cycles, regardless of the initial cell karyotype. This hypothesis is supported by our flow cytometry data. The same small peaks corresponding to rarely met (less than 1 per cell) rear ranged chromosomes appear on flow karyotype histograms of parental cell clones and their secondary subclones. Chromosomes with random gamma or UV irradiation-induced reorganizations do not remain in the cell population, unlike certain reorganization of regular nature. PMID- 3206548 TI - [Valvular surgery in Saudi Arabia]. PMID- 3206549 TI - [Effect on fertility and on sperm cytology of treatment of varicocele: apropos of 117 controlled cases]. PMID- 3206550 TI - [Septicemia in chronic hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 3206551 TI - [Evaluation of 90 cases of obliterating arteriopathy of the leg]. PMID- 3206552 TI - [Perineal laceration and rectovaginal fistula due to non-obstetrical injury apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 3206553 TI - [Treatment of edematous diabetic retinopathy (apropos of 51 cases)]. PMID- 3206554 TI - [Treatment of bacterial broncho-pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 3206555 TI - [Therapeutic results of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of children in Tunisia (181 cases)]. PMID- 3206556 TI - [The Wise technic in the repair of urethro-cutaneous fistula]. PMID- 3206557 TI - [Late complications related to the persistence of the common mesentery in adults apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 3206558 TI - [Behcet's disease and psychiatric disorders: apropos of a case]. PMID- 3206559 TI - [Intra-myometrial pregnancy: an unusual pathology]. PMID- 3206560 TI - [Triglyceride lipase from the rabbit liver]. AB - Unlike the rabbit blood plasma the high-activity triglyceride lipase which does not require a protein cofactor and is resistant to 1 M of NaCl has been revealed in the liver of this animal. Rapid freezing of the liver tissue by liquid nitrogen before homogenization induced a sharp increase in the enzyme activity level and extraction of the active enzyme without heparin usually added to the homogenate. The specific activity of hepatic lipase purified from the ordinary heparin-containing homogenate by affinity chromatography on heparin-sepharose 4B was equal to 3800 microM of FFA/h per mg of protein. If the homogenate previously treated with liquid nitrogen was used as a source of enzyme, the specific activity of hepatic lipase was higher, namely, 13,000 and 19,000 microM of FFA/h per mg of protein in the presence or absence of heparin, respectively. PMID- 3206561 TI - [Deamination of indolalkylamines in hyperthermia]. AB - The experiments on dogs subjected to the outward overheating allow concluding that the quantities of deaminated serotonin in mitochondrial fractions of the brain stem, heart muscles and liver increase twice as compared with the normal levels. Particularly, in the liver the value of Km of this process is equal to 1.6 x 10(-3) M, while without the overheating it is equal to 3.6 x 10(-3) M. Overheating makes the process of tryptamine deamination in mitochondrial fractions of the heart and liver more intensive. However, overheating causes a higher increase of the monoaminooxidase activity with respect to serotonin than with respect to other substrates. PMID- 3206562 TI - [Immunomodulating and analgesic activity of synthetic fragments of various proteins and immunopeptides]. AB - The biological activity of certain new peptides synthesized by the classic methods of peptide chemistry is investigated. The characteristic feature of these peptides is that they are parts of the sequences of many naturally occurring proteins and immunopeptides (beta-lactoglobulin, vicilin, B-hordein, gamma gliadin, histones, Thy-I-antigen, thymosin beta, leukocyte interferon, neutrophil peptides and others) tested by the computer methods. Most of the investigated peptides are shown to enhance E-rosette-forming activity of human T-lymphocytes and to possess the analgesic activity. In some cases the analgesic effect was antagonized by naloxone. The possible mechanism of appearance of such peptide fragments and their biological role in human organism is discussed. PMID- 3206563 TI - [Citrate transport in submitochondrial particles of the rat liver]. AB - The submitochondrial particles (SMP, inverted inner membrane vesicles of mitochondria of the turned out vesicles in internal mitochondrial membranes) of the rat liver are characterized for their ability to incorporate [14C]citrate depending on the concentration of exogenic citrate, temperature and time of incubation. The rate of citrate incorporation into SMP does not depend on the addition of the oxidation substrate into the medium, however in the presence of malate and phosphate it is sharply activated. 1,2,3-benzene tricarboxylase (1,2,3 BTC) is an active inhibitor of the citrate transport into SMP. The citrate transport is determined by the protonation-deprotonation processes of the carrier protein on the outer and inner side of the membrane. A decrease in the pH of the medium favours protonation of the carrier protein on the outer side of the membrane and intensifies [14C]citrate incorporation into SMP, whereas the pH increase inhibits this process. The effect of pH changes is less pronounced in the presence of K+ ions. Valinomycin in the K+ medium activates incorporation of [14C]citrate increasing the carrier protein deprotonation rate on the inner side of the SMP membrane. Protonophore separators intensify conductivity for H+ ions and remove the stimulating influence of valinomycin on the rate of [14C]citrate incorporation into SMP. PMID- 3206564 TI - [Activation of electron transport at the terminal site of the respiratory chain by the submitochondrial fluid from the rat and guinea pig liver]. AB - Supermitochondrial liquid (SL) of rat and guinea-pig liver increases the activity of 2, 3, 5 triphenyltetrasolium chloride (TPC) and tetrasolium violet (TV) reduction at succinate, NADH and NADPH oxidation by mitochondria (MC). SL contains an activating factor A, being evidently of a protein nature and factor B, increasing the activating activity of factor A. NAD, NADP, NADH and NADP at 5 x 10(-5)-1 x 10(-4) M concentration activate the TPC and TV reduction at succinate oxidation by mitochondria. TPC and TV reduction at succinate and NADP oxidation by mitochondria makes antimicin and cyanide sensitive. SL does not influence succinate dehydrogenase activity, when used as electron acceptors of ferricyanide, blue Vurster, cytochrome C, blue and violet nitrotetrasolium. Activation of electron transfer chair between cytochrome C and oxygen is supposed to be responsible for such an effect. PMID- 3206565 TI - [Respiration of mitochondria from brown fat and the mechanism of thermogenesis]. AB - It is shown that both phosphorylating and nonphosphorylating (noncoupled) respirations, the latter being regulated by GDP and increasing in a series of substrates - pyruvate + malate----succinate----NADH----ascorbate(+ cytochrome c) have been presented in brown fat mitochondria of newborn guinea pigs and of adult rats under thermoneutral conditions. Noncoupled respiration is suggested to support thermogenesis not only under cold exposure but under thermoneutral conditions as well. PMID- 3206566 TI - [Detection of N-acylethanolamine phospholipids in neuroblastoma C1300 cells]. AB - Phospholipids with high chromatographic mobility are detected in cells of murine neuroblastoma C 1300. One of them is identified (proceeding from data of successive chemical degradation) as N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine. It may be a precursor of physiologically active N-acylethanolamines. N-palmitoyl and N stearoylethanolamines are shown to inhibit the transport of ions through the veratrine-activated fast sodium channels as well as remove the effect of lysophospholipids accumulation in cells under the effect of veratrine. PMID- 3206568 TI - [Isoelectric heterogeneity of hemoglobin of domestic ducks]. AB - Electrophoresis in PAAG separates hemoglobin of domesticated ducks into 4 fractions: two major (Hb-1 and Hb-2) and two minor (Hb-3 and Hb-4). All electrophoretic fractions of the mentioned hemoglobin being subjected to isoelectrofocusing within the pH gradient of 6.0:8.0 show a heterogeneity associated with the presence of nine isoelectric components in each fraction. Components with the highest protein content are found to shift towards the acidic region pI in the direction of Hb-1----Hb-2----Hb-3----Hb-4 fractions. PMID- 3206567 TI - [The effect of chronic alcoholic intoxication on the level and metabolism of glycolipids in the rat brain]. AB - The chronic alcohol intoxication has been studied for its effect on the content of glycolipids in the rat brain and incorporation of [I-14C]acetate into them. It is established that administration of ethanol to animals (2 g per 1 kg of body weight daily for 7 days) rises the content of cerebrosides I in the brain tissue. The specific radioactivity of sulphatides I falls as a result of a decrease of the [I-14C]acetate into fatty acids and galactose. The specific radioactivity of sulphatides II, cerebrosides II and III falls as a result mainly of a decrease of the specific radioactivity in the galactose components. PMID- 3206569 TI - [Seasonal changes in the levels of various metabolites and proteins in cow milk and colostrum]. AB - The studies on lactating black-and-white cows have shown that the content of albumins as well as of lactate, ammonia and glutamate in colostrum and milk of cows is higher in winter and spring but the level of beta- and gamma-globulins, citrate and urea is lower than the analogous indices in cows in summer. The concentration of alpha-globulins, oxaloacetate, malate and pyruvate in colostrum and milk did not change with the season. PMID- 3206570 TI - [Changes in geometric parameters of liposomes and plasma lipoproteins during enrichment with cholesterol]. AB - Geometrical parameters of liposomes and lipoproteins of human blood plasma with different content of cholesterol are determined by the methods of radiationless energy transfer between fluorescence probes and by spectroscopy of the optical shift. The bilayer thickness of liposomes containing 33% (mol.) cholesterol is 48 +/- 3A, that of liposomes of pure phosphatidyl choline--32 +/- 2 A. The surface area is equal to (0.41 +/- 0.02).10(3) m2/g of lipid and (0.47 +/- 0.01).10(3) m2/g of lipid, respectively. The radii of lipoproteins of very low density were 13.9 and 25.5 nm, those of the low density--10.0 and 9.5 nm and those of high density--5.3 and 7.8 nm by the data of radiationless energy transfer and optical mixing, respectively. In case of hyper cholesternemia these values are equal to 20.7 and 31.9 nm, 12.7 and 11.1 nm, 5.2 and 5.9 nm, respectively. The results obtained are compared with data of other methods. PMID- 3206571 TI - [Peroxidation of lipids from liver mitochondria during pneumonia]. AB - Inflammation of the respiratory system leads to an increase in the relative content of lipids in the liver mitochondria and to an activation of initial stages of their peroxidation. Antioxidative activity of the postmitochondrial liver fraction is in the inverse relation to the concentration of acyl residues with the conjugated diene structures. But the malonic dialdehyde level decreases during the lung inflammation development from 3 days to 3 months. These changes may be explained by respiratory mitochondria chain reconstruction due to an increase in the lipid utilization in the oxidative phosphorylation reactions. PMID- 3206572 TI - [Activation of lipid peroxidation in the adrenal cortex by metal ions]. AB - The processes of lipid peroxidation have been studied in bovine adrenal cortex in vitro. The lipid peroxidation rate in this tissue is shown to be dependent on the content of metal ions. EDTA, deferroxamine and penicyllamine inhibit spontaneous lipid peroxidation by 25, 50 and 42%, respectively. The ability to activate the process permits arranging metal ions in the following sequence: Fe2+ greater than Fe3+ greater than Cu2+ greater than Mg2+ greater than Mn2+. The maximum activation of lipid peroxidation is observed at Fe2+ and Fe3+ concentrations within the range of 5 x 10(-6) x 10(-4) M. PMID- 3206574 TI - [Carcinoma in situ of the testis]. PMID- 3206573 TI - [Subunit structure of AMP-deaminase from skeletal muscles]. AB - AMP-deaminase was purified from skeletal muscle of rat by the affinity chromatography on phosphocellulose and gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE) has shown three protein bands on each step of purification. One of them corresponds to the subunit of tetrameric AMP-deaminase molecule with molecular weight of 76 kDa and two others--to the protein subunit with molecular weight of 42 and 33 kDa. Repeated SDS-PAGE of the main subunit band has revealed again all these protein bands. The data obtained indicate that AMP-deaminase subunit of 76 kDa is able to dissociate on two polypeptide chains with similar values of molecular weights in the presence of SDS. PMID- 3206575 TI - [Testicular carcinoma in situ]. PMID- 3206576 TI - [Methods for evaluation magnesium status of the organism]. PMID- 3206577 TI - [The differential diagnosis of intracranial tumors by computed tomography]. PMID- 3206578 TI - [Fracture of the proximal tibial metaphysis in children]. PMID- 3206579 TI - [Bilateral hip replacement. Surgery done in 1 or 2 occasions]. PMID- 3206580 TI - [Hospitalization of female and male alcoholics in St Hans Hospital]. PMID- 3206581 TI - [Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. A diagnostic pitfall]. PMID- 3206582 TI - [Mammography of breast tumors in males]. PMID- 3206583 TI - [Group G streptococcal cellulitis]. PMID- 3206584 TI - [Breast cancer surgery and its sequelae]. PMID- 3206585 TI - [Changes in the smoking habits of Danes in the period 1970-1987]. PMID- 3206586 TI - [Phantom-related phenomena following mastectomy]. PMID- 3206587 TI - [How women experience delivery]. PMID- 3206588 TI - [Experiencing pain during delivery]. PMID- 3206589 TI - [Uterine cervical cancer and variations in taking cytological samples in general practice]. PMID- 3206590 TI - [Hospital costs involved in the diagnosis and treatment of AIDS patients. The first 33 patients at the Royal Hospital]. PMID- 3206592 TI - [Caffeine poisoning as a cause of chronic diarrhea]. PMID- 3206593 TI - [Aspartame and asparaginase]. PMID- 3206591 TI - [Unrecognized occupational diseases among unskilled workers having chosen early retirement]. PMID- 3206594 TI - [Complications of capillary blood sample taking from newborn infants]. PMID- 3206595 TI - [Physicians' pension fund. Calculation an accounting 1987/1988]. PMID- 3206596 TI - [Lesch-Nyhan syndrome]. PMID- 3206598 TI - [Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 3206597 TI - [Giant cell anaplastic ki-1-positive malignant lymphoma. A recently characterized type of lymphoma]. PMID- 3206599 TI - [Abdominal aortic aneurysm in combination with retroperitoneal fibrosis. A new syndrome]. PMID- 3206600 TI - [Alcohol and head injuries caused by traffic accidents]. PMID- 3206601 TI - [Sterilization of women in Denmark during a 7-year period, 1978-1984]. PMID- 3206602 TI - [Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE). Computer tomographic findings related to predisposing factors and clinical symptoms]. PMID- 3206603 TI - [Emergency referrals and admissions to the Copenhagen County Hospital, Nordvang. An analysis of a 6-month period]. PMID- 3206604 TI - [Methods of evaluating community psychiatric services. Outpatient and inpatient treatment in psychiatric hospital services]. PMID- 3206605 TI - [Thrombosis-precipitating factors and diagnosis in a patient with qualitative antithrombin III defect]. PMID- 3206606 TI - [Problems of clinical research in university hospitals]. PMID- 3206607 TI - [Misteltoe therapy of metastasizing kidney cancer. A phase II study]. PMID- 3206608 TI - [Treatment of myositis ossificans]. PMID- 3206609 TI - [Gallbladder polyps in the normal population]. PMID- 3206611 TI - [Chiropractic treatment of infants in the first year of life]. PMID- 3206610 TI - [Saturated fats in the diet and hypercholesteremia]. PMID- 3206612 TI - [Asthma and acupuncture]. PMID- 3206613 TI - [Are Jehovah's Witnesses right?]. PMID- 3206614 TI - [Language and meaning]. PMID- 3206615 TI - [Treatment of epilepsy in Denmark]. PMID- 3206616 TI - [The first centre for epilepsy in Denmark--the Epilepsy Hospital in Dianalund]. PMID- 3206617 TI - [The clinical significance of the epilepsy-suspected EEG--latent epilepsy?]. PMID- 3206619 TI - [Accidents among children riding bicycles]. PMID- 3206618 TI - [Distribution of benzodiazepines in blood tests sent for alcohol and/or drug examination at the Forensic Institute in Copenhagen]. PMID- 3206620 TI - [Recent perspectives in the protection of the skin from mustard gas]. PMID- 3206621 TI - [Electrolyte disorders resulting from treatment with a diuretic combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride. A case report with acute symptomatic hyponatremia and a review of reports to the National Board of Adverse Drug Reactions over a period of 10 years]. PMID- 3206622 TI - [Colonoscopic activity in a department for gastroenterological surgery over a 9 year period]. PMID- 3206623 TI - [How patients experience cesarean section under epidural analgesia. A retrospective questionnaire study]. PMID- 3206624 TI - [3-year mortality of uterine cervix cancer in relation to the preliminary cervical cytological examination]. PMID- 3206625 TI - [The occupational prognosis after long-term sick-leave. Status after 10 years]. PMID- 3206626 TI - [Legal induced abortions in 1987]. PMID- 3206627 TI - [Ultrastructural markers in AIDS patients]. PMID- 3206629 TI - [Validity of a dietary survey in adiposity]. PMID- 3206628 TI - [Fertility among painters according to questionnaires]. PMID- 3206631 TI - [Primary health centers]. PMID- 3206630 TI - [Changed prescription habits in general practice]. PMID- 3206632 TI - [Cancer in young adults]. PMID- 3206633 TI - [Suicide among physicians]. PMID- 3206634 TI - [Cervical Chlamydia infections in pregnancy]. PMID- 3206635 TI - [Anesthesia for resection of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 3206636 TI - [Undiagnosed traumatic injuries. A comparison between clinical and forensic medical findings]. PMID- 3206638 TI - [Antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures]. PMID- 3206637 TI - [Tumors of the upper urinary tract. Long-term survival and local resection]. PMID- 3206639 TI - [Subtalar dislocations]. PMID- 3206640 TI - [Errors in automated determination of erythrocyte indices]. PMID- 3206641 TI - [Reduced numbers of germinal cells in prepubertal patients with ectopic testes]. PMID- 3206642 TI - [Breast cancer in women under 20 years of age]. PMID- 3206643 TI - [An isolated fracture of the tibia with rupture of the syndesmosis]. PMID- 3206644 TI - [The Edinburgh declaration concerning medical education]. PMID- 3206645 TI - [The Cronkhite-Canada syndrome]. PMID- 3206646 TI - [Significance of the demonstration of Actinomyces in cervical cytological smears]. PMID- 3206647 TI - [Regional differences in the occurrence of neuroblastoma in Denmark]. PMID- 3206648 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin in general practice]. PMID- 3206649 TI - [Modified lateral projection in acute elbow injuries]. PMID- 3206650 TI - [Aneurysms of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 3206651 TI - [Surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 3206652 TI - [Allergic alveolitis (farmer's lung) caused by looking after a furnace fired with straw]. PMID- 3206653 TI - [A clinically unexpected pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 3206655 TI - [Contribution of Elsebeth Kock-Pertersen to the medical convention 23 September 1988]. PMID- 3206654 TI - [AIDS epidemiology]. PMID- 3206656 TI - [Reporting of occupational diseases to the Labour Department I]. PMID- 3206657 TI - [Reporting of occupational diseases to the Labour Department II]. PMID- 3206658 TI - [Crisis- and catastrophe-psychiatry]. PMID- 3206659 TI - [Oxygen-derived free radicals: their biochemistry, protective mechanisms and physiopathological aspects]. PMID- 3206660 TI - [Breast reconstruction after mastectomy. I. Prosthesis implantation after tissue expansion]. PMID- 3206661 TI - [Breast reconstruction after mastectomy. II. Use of a musculo-cutaneous flap without prosthetic implants]. PMID- 3206662 TI - [Cardiac arrest registered in an anesthesia department during a period of 20 years]. PMID- 3206663 TI - [Bacterial contaminations in an operating theatre with a laminated horizontal airflow system during total hip replacement]. PMID- 3206664 TI - [Below-knee amputations. A retrospective study of below-knee amputations performed with equally large sagittal flaps or a long posterior flap]. PMID- 3206665 TI - [Acute obstruction of a nasotracheal tube in a newborn infant]. PMID- 3206666 TI - [Meningitis in a previously health adult man caused by Haemophilus influenzae]. PMID- 3206667 TI - [Hospital preparedness and efforts by physicians--cooperation and communication. The train accident at Soro, April 25, 1988]. PMID- 3206668 TI - [Radiotherapy of rectal cancer--complications and prognosis]. PMID- 3206669 TI - [Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita]. PMID- 3206670 TI - [Child psychiatry as community psychiatry--a review of the functions of child psychiatry in Denmark in 1988]. PMID- 3206671 TI - [Evaluation of treatment at the Copenhagen County Hospital, Stolpegard. A study of psychotherapeutic effects]. PMID- 3206672 TI - [Gonorrhea in Funen during 1984-1987]. PMID- 3206673 TI - [Chronic lymphatic leukemia. Prognosis and effects of treatment in 170 patients during the period 1976-1986]. PMID- 3206674 TI - [Pericardial exudates caused by extracardial malignant disease]. PMID- 3206675 TI - [CT-guided transthoracic biopsy]. PMID- 3206676 TI - [Diagnostic esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy in patients under 40 years of age]. PMID- 3206677 TI - [Hypotension and reduced oxygen tension following an uncemented hip replacement]. PMID- 3206678 TI - [Cardiac death resulting from Reiter's syndrome]. PMID- 3206679 TI - [Delivery of living neonates via Cesarean section in Denmark in 1987]. PMID- 3206680 TI - [Psychotic patients with substance dependence]. PMID- 3206681 TI - [AIDS prevention and control among substance abusers]. PMID- 3206682 TI - [Fiberoptic bronchoscopy]. PMID- 3206683 TI - [Juvenile polyposis]. PMID- 3206684 TI - [Plastic bowing fractures in children]. PMID- 3206685 TI - [Product-related home accidents. An epidemiologic study]. PMID- 3206686 TI - [Product-related home accidents. A study of injuries and accidents]. PMID- 3206687 TI - [Access to medical records from a psychiatric ward. Experiences from the first year of free access]. PMID- 3206688 TI - [The first year of access to medical records in a gynecologic and obstetric department]. PMID- 3206689 TI - [Sensory integration problems. Occurrence in consecutive child psychiatric material]. PMID- 3206690 TI - [Thyroidectomy and cosmetic problems with scars]. PMID- 3206691 TI - [Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 3206692 TI - [Bone marrow depression due to 131I treatment of thyroid cancer]. PMID- 3206693 TI - [Herniography. A diagnostic aid in suspected hernia]. PMID- 3206694 TI - [The benefit of colonoscopic control after radical surgery of colorectal cancer]. PMID- 3206695 TI - [Candida spondylitis. A review of the predisposing factors, clinical and radiologic diagnosis based on a current case report]. PMID- 3206696 TI - [Foreign body in the esophagus removed by means of an embolectomy catheter]. PMID- 3206697 TI - [Mitral insufficiency and Marfan syndrome in children]. PMID- 3206698 TI - [Extrapyramidal side effects after long-term treatment with thiethylperazine]. PMID- 3206700 TI - [Utilization of preventive obstetric examinations in Denmark in 1987]. PMID- 3206699 TI - [Depression as a side effect of treatment with flunarizine?]. PMID- 3206701 TI - [False negative mammographies]. PMID- 3206702 TI - [EEC concerted action research on HIV infection among intravenous drug abusers]. PMID- 3206703 TI - [Basal vital functions in patients admitted as emergencies to a department of acute internal medicine]. PMID- 3206704 TI - [Basal vital functions in patients with acute diseases admitted to a department of internal medicine]. PMID- 3206706 TI - [The occupational situation of patients with pacemakers]. PMID- 3206705 TI - [Burns caused by oven windows and electric plates]. PMID- 3206707 TI - [Blood oxygen parameters: uncompensated venous oxygen tension and cardiac compensation factors]. PMID- 3206708 TI - [Arthrodesis after knee alloplasty]. PMID- 3206709 TI - [Domestic accidents with ladders]. PMID- 3206710 TI - [The ambulatory function of a department of neuromedicine at a central hospital]. PMID- 3206711 TI - [Flat vulvar condylomata and dyspareunia]. PMID- 3206712 TI - [The Vejle transport stretcher]. PMID- 3206713 TI - [Patient information]. PMID- 3206714 TI - [Is the information given by doctors understandable?]. PMID- 3206715 TI - [Referral of acute psychiatric patients. II. A description of patients referred to a 24-hour reception ward]. PMID- 3206716 TI - [Cholecystectomy. I. Surgical incidence in Fredriksberg in 1973-1987]. PMID- 3206717 TI - [Cholecystectomy. II. Indications, complications and status after 1 year in Fredriksberg in 1985]. PMID- 3206719 TI - [Microsurgery of lumbar disk prolapse]. PMID- 3206718 TI - [The McVay method versus the Ottsen method in surgical treatment of medial inguinal hernia. A prospective randomized study with a 5-year follow-up]. PMID- 3206720 TI - [Preoperative epidural blockade and phantom pain after below-knee amputation]. PMID- 3206721 TI - [Systemic arterial emboli in myocardial infarction. ECG as a basis for preventive anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 3206722 TI - [Prevention of AIDS. A campaign in the municipality of Copenhagen of providing free condoms in general practice]. PMID- 3206723 TI - [Compensation of occupational skin diseases]. PMID- 3206724 TI - [Propafenone. An antiarrhythmic agent for both ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmia]. PMID- 3206725 TI - Surgical reconstruction of incompetent deep vein valves. AB - Conventional treatment of deep venous insufficiency results in a rather high failure rate. The introduction of methods for surgical repair of incompetent deep vein valves has implied new possibilities for active treatment and has added increased knowledge to venous pathophysiology. This study summarizes our clinical experience with surgical reconstruction of deep vein valves during a nine-year period. PMID- 3206726 TI - Cancer of the stomach after operation for benign ulcer disease. AB - Despite a great number of studies during almost three decades it has not been possible to satisfactorily answer the question how the risk of developing cancer of the stomach is affected by operation for ulcer disease. The answer to this question is interesting from a tumourbiological point of view and practically important when choosing treatment and follow-up routines. In principle this can be said to be a test case for clinical problems that can be solved most effectively by epidemiological research methods. In this brief survey are summarized first the state of knowledge in the field and the methodological problems that have made it hard to study the question. Then a historical cohort study is reported which has just been finished in the health care region of Uppsala. By following a sufficiently great number of individuals (fully 6,000) over a long time (25-33 years) and using multivariate methods of analysis it was possible to demonstrate a consistent and complex pattern of a changed risk of cancer of the stomach after partial gastrectomy according to Billroth I and II. Not only the choice of surgical method influences this risk but also age at operation, diagnosis, the length of the observational follow-up, and the sex of the patient. PMID- 3206728 TI - Transplantation surgery in Uppsala. PMID- 3206727 TI - Duodenal carcinoma--a curable disease. AB - During a five-year-period 9 cases of duodenal carcinoma were treated. Eight of the patients were resected and 7 of them survived more than 5 years without signs of recurrent disease. Aggressive therapy, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cases with lymph node metastases, might in some way explain the good results. The importance of visualizing the infrapapillary region of the duodenum when performing upper endoscopy is stressed. PMID- 3206729 TI - [Use of the radiation from an optical quantum generator in the combined treatment of chronic prostatitis]. PMID- 3206730 TI - [Treatment and prevention of chlamydial prostatitis]. PMID- 3206732 TI - [Diagnosis of tumors of the upper urinary tract]. PMID- 3206731 TI - [Therapy of patients with fulminant scrotal gangrene and its complications]. PMID- 3206733 TI - [Hemodialysis in the combined treatment of patients with uric acid nephrolithiasis complicated by kidney failure]. PMID- 3206734 TI - [Morphologic changes due to embolization of the renal artery in kidney tumors]. PMID- 3206736 TI - [The anatomy of the lymph nodes in the walls of the human urinary tract]. PMID- 3206735 TI - [The nature and mechanisms of disorders in the ionouretic, acid- and water excretory functions of the kidneys in acute kidney failure (experimental research)]. PMID- 3206737 TI - [Anomalies of the ductus deferens]. PMID- 3206738 TI - [Echinococcosis of the prostate]. PMID- 3206739 TI - [Surgical treatment of oleogranuloma of the penis]. PMID- 3206740 TI - Pharmacoangiography of the penile arteries. AB - Angiography may play an important role in the evaluation of patients with erectile failure and in whom abnormal Doppler studies indicate arterial insuffiency. The angiographic examination should give information about major pelvic arteries as well as the peripheral branches of the internal pudendal artery. We describe a method for performing pharmacoangiography of the penile arteries, which involves the local injection of a vasodilator into the corpus cavernosum. Angiography during pharmacologic erection provides optimal visualization of the penile arteries and helps to differentiate functional from organic vascular disorders. PMID- 3206741 TI - Arteriography and radiology of impotence. AB - Both arterial and venous dysfunction are now recognized as significant causes of organic impotence. Numerous therapeutic modalities are currently available, including surgical bypass, venous ligation, transluminal angioplasty, and transcatheter vessel occlusion. The specific nature of this patient population requires correlation of angiographic findings with the patient's history and physical examination to determine the appropriate intervention and obtain a satisfactory outcome. PMID- 3206742 TI - Cavernosography and cavernosometry in the evaluation of impotence. AB - Vascular problems represent the most frequent cause of organic impotence. Abnormal venous drainage from the corpora cavernosa is now widely accepted as the major cause of vasculogenic impotence. Based on our experience with more than 450 radiologic procedures, we describe the technique of cavernosography and cavernosometry, the effect of papaverine injection, and we review the literature. PMID- 3206743 TI - Nonprosthetic surgical strategies for impotence. AB - The past decade has seen a remarkable expansion of understanding of erection and the treatment of impotence. This has been brought about, in part, by improvements in radiographic techniques for selective pudendal arteriography and dynamic cavernosography, which, in turn, have made possible development of surgical techniques for the management of penile vascular insufficiency and corpus spongiosum venous leakage that yield good short-term results in restoring the capacity for penetration in impotent patients. PMID- 3206744 TI - Posttraumatic impotence: resulting from transcatheter embolization. PMID- 3206745 TI - Penile prostheses. AB - Penile prostheses represent the most often used approach to the surgical management of impotence. These devices can be classified into semirigid and inflatable types. The advantages and disadvantages of each type as well as a description of their construction are provided here. Appropriate images are provided to illustrate the components of the various devices available. PMID- 3206746 TI - [Early complications of vagotomy]. PMID- 3206748 TI - [A pin-directing device]. PMID- 3206747 TI - [Functional results of gastrectomy]. AB - An estimation of functional results of gastrectomy for gastric cancer in 183 patients has been made. Radical operations with the formation of Y-shaped inter intestinal anastomosis and an artificial food reservoir in the area of the small intestine portion anastomosed with the esophagus were performed in 102 patients. Macroscopic signs of reflux-esophagitis were noted in 2 patients (1.96%), dumping syndrome in 4 patients (3.9%) and hyperproteinemia in 1 patient (0.98%), i.e. the operations performed gave favourable functional results. PMID- 3206749 TI - [A method of arrest of parenchymatous hemorrhage]. PMID- 3206750 TI - [A multi-needle injector for sclerosing therapy of hemangiomas]. PMID- 3206751 TI - [A device for the debridement of tissues]. PMID- 3206752 TI - [A device for determining the deformability of erythrocytes]. PMID- 3206753 TI - [Experience with using selective angiography of the mesenteric arteries in patients with cicatricial esophageal stenosis]. AB - The authors have used selective angiography of the upper and lower mesenterial arteries in patients with scary constriction of the esophagus in order to obtain data of blood supply of the colon before operation of esophagus plasty and to give preliminary grounds for surgical tactics. The method was used in 37 patients operated upon. In ten of them angiography of the upper mesenterial arteries has shown contrasted veins. Coincidence of the pathway of arteries and veins was noted in 1 patient. Angiography of the lower mesenterial artery has shown coincidence of the pathway of arteries and veins in 16 cases, i.e. in all the cases where the venous phase was fulfilled. PMID- 3206754 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the vagus nerves in the vagotomy aspect]. AB - The surgical anatomy of vagus nerves was studied in 25 corpses and in protocols of operations-vagotomies in patients with ulcer disease of the duodenum. The authors consider incomplete vagotomy to be responsible for insufficiently decreased secretion of hydrochloric acid after operation in 24 (23.1%) of 104 patients examined. It was found that both the right and the left vagus nerves had different numbers of trunks and branches. The knowledge of variants of branching and disposition of the vagus nerve branches decreases the risk of incomplete and inadequate vagotomy. PMID- 3206755 TI - [A method of using fasting-diet therapy in patients with acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs]. AB - The article describes the technique of the application of fasting-diet therapy, specific features of the clinical course of the postoperative period in the treatment of 75 patients by this method, the composition and caloric value of the restorative diet used. PMID- 3206756 TI - [Use of plasma surgical devices for hemostasis during operations on the liver and spleen]. AB - A comparative analysis of the efficiency of coagulation of the wound surfaces of the liver and spleen by plasma jet of argon, neon and helium was made. The coagulation rate was shown to increase with the elevation of temperature and power of the plasma jet. Results of the experimental studies have shown that using argon is most expedient for achieving reliable and rapid hemostasis. PMID- 3206757 TI - [Re-artelialization of the liver after intravascular occlusion and the possibilities of re-embolization of the arterial bed of the liver]. AB - Angiographic examinations were performed in 52 patients with portal cirrhosis and 6 patients with tumours of the liver in remote terms (1.5-38 months) after embolization of the hepatic artery. In 20 patients (34.5%) a considerable degree of reestablishment of the hepatic blood flow was noted which was considered to be an indication to a repeated endovascular intervention. Unlike the surgical operation, the intravascular occlusion can be performed repeatedly in the process of observation of the patient. PMID- 3206758 TI - [Possibility of restoration of the respiratory function of the lung after recanalization of the pulmonary artery after its long-term experimental occlusion]. AB - The gas-exchange function, blood circulation and structure of the revascularized lung after a continuous (up to 3 months) occlusion of its pulmonary artery were studied in 36 dogs in experiment. The repair of the artery patency resulted in the reestablishment of blood flow, gas-exchange function of the lung, normalization of the structure and metabolic processes in its cells. The functional competence of the revascularized lung was estimated by the ability of the animal to survive after removal of 3 lobes of the intact right lung, with the upper lobe only being left. PMID- 3206759 TI - [Combined and extended operations in neglected cancer of the thyroid gland]. AB - Under analysis were results of combined and extended operations undertaken in 40 of 520 patients with carcinoma of the thyroid. Such operations were found to be necessary due to the involvement of cervical and mediastinal organs. Wide cervical and cervico-sternal accesses were used. Organs of the cervix and mediastinum were resected in 23 patients, in 22 patients the cervical and retrosternal fatty tissues with metastases of the tumour were dissected bilaterally. The patients could endure such traumatic operations of large volume better if the operations were divided into two steps. Radical combined and extended operations resulted in survival longer than 10 years in 20 of 24 patients with neglected differentiated carcinoma. PMID- 3206760 TI - [Detection of arteriovenous anastomoses using thermography]. PMID- 3206761 TI - [Tropical pyomyositis, necrotic fasciitis and Fournier's gangrene]. PMID- 3206762 TI - [Thrombosis of the femoral artery caused by paravasal ossification]. PMID- 3206763 TI - [Remote results of surgical correction of heart septal defects]. PMID- 3206764 TI - [Resection of the lung in tuberculosis with predominant involvement of the lower lobe]. PMID- 3206765 TI - [Immunological status of patients with acute lung abscesses]. PMID- 3206766 TI - [Localized mesotheliomas of the visceral pleura]. PMID- 3206767 TI - [Surgical treatment of hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 3206768 TI - [Postoperative cancer of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3206769 TI - [Activity of dermal macrophages in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 3206770 TI - [Profuse intraoperative hemorrhage from the veins of the anterior sacral plexus]. PMID- 3206771 TI - [Retroperitoneal phlegmon]. PMID- 3206772 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase in mechanical and thermal trauma]. PMID- 3206773 TI - [Changes in the blood coagulation system at the early stage of trauma]. PMID- 3206774 TI - [Pellegrini-Stieda disease]. PMID- 3206775 TI - [Maduromycosis of the extremities]. PMID- 3206777 TI - [Rupture of the diaphragm after a fall with a deltoplane]. PMID- 3206776 TI - [Rupture of the left subclavian artery]. PMID- 3206778 TI - [Surgical treatment of rupture of the epicondyle in dislocation of both forearm bones in children]. AB - Results of the surgical treatment of abruption of epicondyles in dislocation of both forearm bones in 86 children aged 9-14 are described. Long-term results of the treatment were studied in 63 patients within the period from 1 till 21 years. In most patients excellent and good anatomical and functional results were obtained. PMID- 3206779 TI - [Functional status of the adrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems in children with urologic diseases under general anesthesia]. AB - A method of combined non-inhalation anesthesia is described which was used in children of different age with urological diseases. The administration of phentanyl, calypsol as well as seduxen and droperidol in certain doses and regimens provides an adequate anesthesiological defense in operation of different duration and traumatic character. PMID- 3206780 TI - [Use of lymphosorption detoxication in the treatment of lung abscesses and their complications]. AB - The method of lymphosorption detoxication used in the complex treatment of abscesses of the lungs and their complications in 37 patients is described. The total amount of fractional lymphosorptions is 258. The application of the method is shown to be expedient and to give positive results. PMID- 3206781 TI - [Effect of novocaine block of the neural structures of the neck on external respiration after operations on the abdominal organs]. PMID- 3206783 TI - Veterinarians and animal medicines. PMID- 3206782 TI - [Mass screening, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with peptic ulcer in a medical outpatient care unit]. PMID- 3206785 TI - Volvulus of the intestines in a neonatal calf with two caeca, rectal stenosis and a cardiac anomaly. PMID- 3206784 TI - Titration of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in non-pregnant sheep and the effects of subsequent challenge during pregnancy. AB - Fifty-nine ewes, seronegative to Toxoplasma gondii, were allocated to four groups which received 2000, 200, 20 or no M1 strain toxoplasma oocysts 56 days before mating. Fifty-one of them subsequently became pregnant and were challenged with 10,000 oocysts between 78 and 83 days of gestation. Infection with 2000 oocysts induced a pyrexia, seroconversion and protective immunity in all the recipient animals. Ewes that received either 20 or no oocysts before pregnancy were susceptible to subsequent challenge and severe fetal mortality occurred. In this study 200 oocysts was the threshold value for the induction of toxoplasma infection in sheep, although not all the ewes that seroconverted to this dose were protected against further challenge. PMID- 3206786 TI - Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice. PMID- 3206787 TI - Misuse of antibiotics in horses. PMID- 3206788 TI - Veterinarians and seals. PMID- 3206789 TI - Salmonella infection in a vet. PMID- 3206790 TI - Stress. PMID- 3206791 TI - Haematology of veal calves reared in different husbandry systems and the assessment of iron deficiency. AB - Calves were reared for veal and fed milk replacer either alone or with straw or dry feed of varied iron content. Measurements of haematology and iron biochemistry were made at the start of the rearing period and before slaughter at 16 to 20 weeks of age. When the total dietary iron intake rose to approximately 12,500 mg (an average of 112 mg/dl, approximately 60 mg/kg dry matter) haemoglobin concentration reached a mean value (+/- sd) of 12.4 +/- 1.1 g/dl, similar to control calves. There was no further increase in haemoglobin when more iron was fed, indicating that there was sufficient iron in the diet for normal erythropoiesis. The borderline of iron deficiency anaemia at 16 to 20 weeks of age was defined as a haemoglobin concentration of 9 g/dl and a saturation of total iron binding capacity of 10 per cent. There was evidence of diurnal variation in serum iron concentration in calves fed in a periodic manner. The feeding of straw to veal calves did not prevent iron deficient erythropoiesis. PMID- 3206792 TI - Detection of zeranol in the blood of ram lambs by a radioimmunoassay technique. AB - Plasma separated from jugular blood samples from six weaned ram lambs was examined for zeranol after the lambs had been implanted, behind the left ear, with a 12 mg pellet. The results showed that the ipsilateral vein contained significantly more zeranol for up to 100 days after implantation; by 145 to 175 days the difference between the ipsi- and contralateral veins was no longer significant. Massage of the implant site did not increase the rate of release of zeranol from the residual mass. PMID- 3206793 TI - Two related cases of cerebellar abnormality in equine fetuses associated with hydrops of fetal membranes. AB - Hydrops allantois was diagnosed in two Haflinger mares with severe abdominal distension. Both mares were seven months pregnant. Abortion was induced with two injections of prostaglandin six hours apart followed by further manual dilation of the cervix and administration of oxytocin the next day. There were 90 and 95 litres of fluid, respectively, in the allantoic cavities which resembled extracellular fluid with regard to concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate and chloride, but not total protein. Both fetuses had severe brain abnormalities which were diagnosed as cerebellar and cerebral hypoplasia associated with bilateral hydrocephalus internus and hydranencephaly and cerebellar aplasia, respectively. Both mares were pregnant by the same stallion, but a clear hereditary link was not found. PMID- 3206794 TI - Antibiotic sensitivity of bovine staphylococcal and coliform mastitis isolates over four years. AB - Eight hundred and forty-eight strains of Staphylococcus aureus and coliforms isolated from milk samples taken from cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis were tested for their sensitivity to a range of antibiotics, comparing strains isolated in 1984, 1985, 1986 and 1987. The only increase in the proportion of resistant strains occurred with coliforms resistant to ampicillin and neomycin. PMID- 3206795 TI - Pilar neurocristic melanoma in four dogs. PMID- 3206796 TI - True hermaphroditism in the domestic fowl. PMID- 3206797 TI - Factors affecting mutation and emerging diseases. PMID- 3206799 TI - Veterinary written directions. PMID- 3206798 TI - Vaccination of seals. PMID- 3206800 TI - Bovine somatotrophin. PMID- 3206801 TI - Salmonella infection in a vet. PMID- 3206802 TI - Sow welfare. PMID- 3206803 TI - Veterinarians and animal medicines. PMID- 3206804 TI - Folic acid therapy for alopecia in a Charolais calf. AB - A three-week old male Charolais calf which had a history of progressive hair loss and clinical signs, including crusts and brown patches similar to those in folic acid deficiency syndrome in man, was subjected to folic acid therapy. Daily oral administration of folic acid (1 mg/kg/day) resulted in the gradual disappearance of the crusts and patches within two weeks and a steady growth of hair and recovery to a normal state within two months. Folic acid, which is required for cellular turnover in a variety of tissues and organs including the hair follicle, may serve as an effective therapeutic agent in some types of alopecia triggered by a deficiency of either folic acid or the co-enzymes involved in the synthetic pathway of DNA. PMID- 3206805 TI - Infection rates in clean surgical procedures with and without prophylactic antibiotics. AB - One hundred calves with an uncomplicated umbilical hernia were included in a prospective study. The frequency of wound infection and recurrence of herniation were compared in animals operated on either with or without prophylactic antibiotics. In 90 calves operated on for the first time (60 without antibiotics and 30 with antibiotics) there were no infections and only one hernia recurred. In 10 calves operated on for the second time (seven without antibiotics and three with antibiotics) there were two infections and one hernia recurred in the group not receiving antibiotics. PMID- 3206806 TI - Herpes-like virus particles in necrotic stomatitis of tortoises. PMID- 3206807 TI - Performance of lambs on a clean grazing system compared with lambs on a traditional system. PMID- 3206808 TI - Diagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis. PMID- 3206809 TI - Intravaginal sponge insertion technique. PMID- 3206810 TI - Diseases of winter housed sheep. PMID- 3206811 TI - Anal furunculosis. PMID- 3206812 TI - Unusual calf fetus death. PMID- 3206813 TI - Dearth of veterinarians. PMID- 3206814 TI - Feline dysautonomia. PMID- 3206815 TI - Misuse of antibiotics in horses. PMID- 3206816 TI - Sheep scab. PMID- 3206817 TI - [A 4-year study of work disability due to hypertension in the Northern Bohemia brown coal basin]. PMID- 3206818 TI - [Extra-gonadal sources of steroidal sex hormones in man]. PMID- 3206819 TI - [The importance of functional pulmonary tests in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3206820 TI - [Paroxysmal intra-atrial tachycardia]. PMID- 3206821 TI - [Nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis as a cause of acute kidney failure]. PMID- 3206822 TI - [Cardiac beriberi--heart failure associated with vasodilatation]. PMID- 3206823 TI - [Occurrence of lead in food and in the human body; its biological function and metabolism]. PMID- 3206824 TI - [Pyruvate kinase, 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate and fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products in patients with polycythemia, before and after erythrapheresis therapy]. PMID- 3206825 TI - [Fibrin degradation products in healthy donors after immunization]. PMID- 3206826 TI - [Characteristics of the work organization of a specialized military field surgical hospital for head, neck and spinal wounds]. PMID- 3206827 TI - [The scientific organization of the work of a military medical specialist]. PMID- 3206828 TI - [Surgical procedures in erosive hemorrhage of the common carotid artery]. PMID- 3206829 TI - [Emergency care of acute pneumonia at the polyclinic and at the hospital]. PMID- 3206830 TI - [Rehabilitative treatment of patients with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 3206831 TI - [Maintenance therapy in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3206832 TI - [The pathway of perestroika and further improvement in military traumatology and injury prevention]. PMID- 3206833 TI - [Characteristics of the course of Reiter's disease in a hot, humid climate]. PMID- 3206834 TI - [Use of puncture biopsy under computed tomographic control]. PMID- 3206835 TI - [Use of thymalin in stimulating an immune response in subjects inoculated with influenza vaccine]. PMID- 3206837 TI - [Methods for the sanitary inspection of barbershops]. PMID- 3206836 TI - [Organization of research on the body function and work capacity of the personnel of mobile military equipment installations]. PMID- 3206838 TI - [Assessment of the effectiveness of the medical rehabilitation of patients with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 3206839 TI - [Clinico-immunologic characteristics of the course of acute pneumonia in the local and newly arrived inhabitants of western Siberia]. PMID- 3206840 TI - [High-frequency artificial pulmonary ventilation in the combined intensive therapy of status asthmaticus]. PMID- 3206841 TI - [Difficulties in iridodiagnosis]. PMID- 3206843 TI - [On the march for health]. PMID- 3206842 TI - [Effect of heat and physical training on the nonspecific resistance of the body]. PMID- 3206844 TI - [Temporary occlusion of the bronchi in the combined treatment of pyopneumothorax]. PMID- 3206845 TI - [A device for removing the ligatures from ligature fistulae]. PMID- 3206846 TI - [A device for determining the capillary asymmetry index]. PMID- 3206847 TI - [A holding device for otic manometers]. PMID- 3206848 TI - [The activities of the institutions of higher education in military rear units raised to a new quality level]. PMID- 3206849 TI - [Data on the buffer effect of food based on the study of intragastric proteolytic activity in patients metabolic-alimentary obesity]. AB - A total of 30 patients with alimentary obesity of the I-IV stage, aged from 18 to 40 years, were under study. No diseases of the digestive system were recorded in their anamnesis. Quantitative estimation of intragastric proteolysis (IP) was used for the study of the food action on the gastric secretory function. The protein substrate enclosed into a vinyl chloride tube was introduced into the gastric cavity, then it was removed, and the amount of the digested protein was estimated in micrograms/h. It has been established that the mean level of IP activity in obese patients is significantly higher than in healthy subjects with normal body mass. The investigations conducted have shown that there is a relationship between the IP changes under the action of food and its buffer effect estimated in vitro. The in vitro study of the influence of separate foods on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the acid gastric contents have shown that the buffer effect of the products studied as intensified as follows: tea, bread, milk, meat. The neutralizing effect of a combination of several foodstuffs is determined by the buffer properties of separate products included into the complex. PMID- 3206850 TI - [Dietary services in the homes for the aged in the Ukraine and the ways of their rationalization]. AB - On the basis of 7-day menu actual nutrition was studied in 39 old people's homes in the Ukrainian SSR in 1984-1985. The composition of the food rations was analyzed. It has been established that the nutrition in the old people's homes does not completely meet the requirements of the present-day science on nutrition for old age. High consumption of grain products, groats, maccaroni products and fats has been recorded along with insufficient consumption of vegetables, fruit, meat, fish and lactic acid products. The total amount of fat in the ration exceeds the values recommended more than by 60%; the level of simple carbohydrates is rather high, while that of animal protein is low. The authors have recommended a new balanced composition of products, meeting the current requirements of gerodietetics, enriched with food substances possessing geroprotective properties, that will promote normalization of metabolism in old subjects and prevention of age-dependent diseases. PMID- 3206851 TI - [Physiological energy requirements of schoolchildren]. AB - To obtain more accurate data on physiological energy requirements of schoolchildren, daily energy expenditure was studied in pupils at a general school (70 subjects) and at a boarding school (152 subjects). Evaluation of daily energy expenditure was made on the basis of the study of the schoolchildren's time budget and their energy expenditure at the main body postures and during varying types of activity. The data obtained were used for validation of physiological energy requirements of schoolchildren of different age and sex. It was found that at present physiological energy requirements of schoolchildren are 10-15% lower as compared to those of schoolchildren in the 60th years. On the basis of the data obtained the authors have recommended the food rations for schoolchildren with the energy value depending on their age and sex: from 7 to 10 years--2300 kcal for boys and 1950 kcal for girls, from 11 to 17 years--2900 kcal for boys and 2400 kcal for girls. PMID- 3206852 TI - [Vitamin levels in children with latent iron deficiency]. AB - Providing with ascorbic acid, vitamins A and E, thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine was biochemically investigated in 108 children aged from 9 to 15 years. Significant disorders in the providing with all these vitamins were observed, the highest deficiency of ascorbic acid and pyridoxine being recorded. Vitamin deficiency in children was expressed as polyhypovitaminosis. Children with latent iron deficiency are less provided with vitamins than normal children, and the incidence of this or that vitamin deficiency in them is higher. The data obtained have evidenced that normalization of the body providing with vitamins should play an important role in the preventive treatment of children with latent iron deficiency. PMID- 3206853 TI - [Effect of human milk enzymes on carbohydrate metabolism during adaptation of newborn infants in the early neonatal period]. AB - The total activity and isoenzymatic composition of lactic dehydrogenase (LDG), malic dehydrogenase (MDG) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDG) were studied in the blood serum and erythrocytes of 56 premature and 18 mature newborns, as well as in colostrum and mature breast milk. The growth of the role of anaerobic glycolysis was observed at the end of the neonatal period in the mature newborns. In highly premature newborns the activity of glycolysis and pentose cycle of glucose oxidation was especially high. Isozymic spectrum of LDG evidences the prevalence of the processes of aerobic glycolysis in the premature which is unfavourable under conditions of hypoxia. The pattern of changes in the MDG spectrum denotes a low activity of reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Isoenzymatic composition of colostrum and milk is close to that in the newborn's blood. Enzymes of colostrum and milk influence carbohydrate metabolism thus producing favourable effect on the adaptation processes in the newborns. PMID- 3206854 TI - [Experimental 3-month study of safety of textured soybeans Becsei]. AB - The authors conducted a three-month safety test of a textured soy (TS) product manufactured by the Agricultural Plant, Boly. Young male and female rats received semisynthetic diets containing 8, 18 and 38% of TS protein or casein supplemented with methionine, as the only source of protein. The effect of the diet containing 18% of TS protein on the growth, on certain parameters of protein and fat metabolism and on the zinc and copper status corresponded to that produced by 18% of casein supplemented with methionine. When the content of TS protein was lower or higher than the optimal (18%), the development of rats fell behind the control ones receiving adequate amount of casein. High doses of TS protein produced a favourable effect on lipid metabolism in the liver, but its effect on zinc metabolism was unfavourable. No signs of toxic action of the TS product were recorded during the three-month safety test of TS. PMID- 3206855 TI - [Effect of supplementary vitamin administration on free amino acids in the liver and brain of rats with alcoholic intoxication]. AB - The authors studied combined action of ethanol, pyridoxine (3 mg/kg), and a mixture of thiamine (5 mg/kg), riboflavin (5 mg/kg), pyridoxine (3 mg/kg) and pantothenate (15 mg/kg) on the free amino acid reserve in the tissues of rats. Ethanol was given to the animals with a liquid semisynthetic diet (its calorific value comprised 36%) during 30 days. Both pyridoxine and the complex of vitamin B group produce normalizing action on the free amino acid pool by correcting the shifts induced by ethanol. It is especially manifested in the decreased levels of urea, isoleucine and GABA in the brain. The data obtained have shown that prevention with vitamins of shifts in the amino acid metabolism induced by ethanol, especially in respect to the central nervous system, should be recommended. PMID- 3206857 TI - [Planning the fatty-acid composition of new food products based on the complex use of various raw materials]. AB - The authors have considered calculating methods permitting design of fatty-acid composition of new full-value foodstuffs basing on combined utilization of varying types of raw materials, proceeding from the comparative analysis of the composition of the starting ingredients and hypothetic reference fat products. Certain regularities associated with the design of combined fat products have been confirmed. The lipid effectiveness coefficient values have been presented for a number of traditional and purified foodstuffs. PMID- 3206856 TI - [Further study of immuno-correcting properties of vitamins A and E in experimental chronic alcoholic intoxication]. AB - The experiments conducted on guinea pigs have shown that chronic alcohol poisoning induced by daily oral intake of 1 ml of 25% ethanol solution during a month has brought to suppression of the T-system immunity. Vitamin A used during 3 days in a dose of 30,000 IU results in partial normalization of the immunological parameters, while vitamin E given during 3 days in a dose of 50 IU provides absolute normalization of the immune status. PMID- 3206858 TI - [Thermophilic aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria as causative agents of acidification of crab preserves]. AB - The authors studied the influence of regimen of canned crab sterilization on the viability of thermophilic aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the product. It has been established that sterilization of canned crabs reduces contamination of the product with thermostable bacteria, although it does not ensure their complete death. During storage at a temperature of 8-10 degrees C thermophilic bacteria lose their capacity for acidification. The product can turn sour in the presence of these bacteria among the residual flora only during storage at higher temperatures. PMID- 3206859 TI - [Toxicological and hygienic evaluation of potatoes grown with the use of a pesticide croneton]. AB - Biological action of potato grown with the use of two forms of pesticide croneton (emulsion concentrate and granulate) was studied in female rats. Sensitive biochemical and physiological tests revealed certain changes in the function of the liver and cardiovascular system in the animals that were fed with potato treated with 50% emulsion concentrate. With regard to the organoleptic properties of both potato samples the authors have recommended 10% granulate of croneton for agricultural practice. The hygienic regulation - the maximum permissible level of the pesticide in potato has been validated. PMID- 3206860 TI - [Identification of nutritious vegetable oils by their triglyceride composition]. AB - Three criteria have been suggested for the identification of food vegetable oils: the ratio of the summary area of triglyceride peaks and the summary area of the reference peaks; a set of peaks of critical pairs of oil triglycerides and their relationship expressed as the percent of the maximum peak. To prove the correctness of the identification a previously known oil is analyzed and its characteristics are compared to those of the oil under study. A mixture of saturated triglycerides with equivalent carbon numbers 30-56 is used as a reference one. A total of 16 vegetable oils have been identified with the use of the method suggested. PMID- 3206861 TI - [Determining the level of dehydroascorbic acid in food products]. AB - Ascorbic acid stability was studied under conditions of dehydroascorbic acid assay. The minimum amounts of cysteine and volumes of reagents utilized were specified. Based on the data of 2,6-dibromoindophenol stability the method of indophenol-xylol extraction was proved to be unsatisfactory for the assay of dehydroascorbic acid. PMID- 3206862 TI - [An improved method of determining the level of vitamin E in food products]. AB - The author suggests a modified method for vitamin E estimation in foodstuffs. Thin-layer chromatography on Silufol (CSSR) plates was used for purification and isolation of vitamin E. Color reaction conducted directly on the plate makes possible increasing the estimation accuracy, especially when isomeric composition of vitamin E is studied in vegetable products. The use of excessive amounts of ethanol for alkaline saponification of samples enables estimation of vitamin E by the method suggested practically in all foodstuffs. The author has used this method for vitamin E estimation in some foodstuffs, in particular, in vegetable oils. PMID- 3206863 TI - [Ethyl alcohol level in various food products]. PMID- 3206864 TI - [Evaluation of actual nutrition of reindeer breeders]. PMID- 3206865 TI - [Special preserved products for children with obesity]. PMID- 3206866 TI - [Determination of the effectiveness of the information support for physicians at practical public health institutions]. PMID- 3206867 TI - [Methodological questions in assessing the body's reaction to the action of chemical substances]. PMID- 3206868 TI - [Immune reactivity of persons with odontogenic foci of infection]. PMID- 3206869 TI - [Characteristics of leptospiral meningitis]. PMID- 3206870 TI - [Methodological aspects of the teaching of epidemiology]. PMID- 3206871 TI - [The importance of physical culture in promoting health and enhancing the work capacity of technical engineering workers]. PMID- 3206872 TI - [Criteria for selecting patients with diseases of the digestive tract for endoscopic and x-ray examinations]. PMID- 3206874 TI - [Peroral cholecystography and gastroduodenoscopy in patients with Gilbert's syndrome]. PMID- 3206873 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of patients with obstruction of the terminal portion of the choledochus]. PMID- 3206875 TI - [Suppurating cyst of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 3206876 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic colonic stasis]. PMID- 3206877 TI - [Clinical characteristics of nephropathy in pregnant women and its immediate outcomes]. PMID- 3206878 TI - [The course of chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis in pregnant women]. PMID- 3206879 TI - [Myocardial contractile function in glomerulonephritis based on ultrasonic study data]. PMID- 3206880 TI - [The work prognosis of patients who have had a myocardial infarct with complications in the acute period]. PMID- 3206881 TI - [A case of myocardial infarct of the right ventricle]. PMID- 3206882 TI - [Morphologic changes in the myocardium in experimental infarct treated with benzofurocaine]. PMID- 3206883 TI - [Treatment of peptic ulcers in the operated stomach]. PMID- 3206884 TI - [Effect of physical loading on metabolic indices of lipids in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3206885 TI - [The importance of endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of noncoronarogenic diseases of the heart muscle]. PMID- 3206886 TI - [An ambulatory treatment approach in hypertension patients]. PMID- 3206887 TI - [A rare case of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3206888 TI - [Treatment of patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis using intramuscular isoniazid administration]. PMID- 3206889 TI - [Reparative agents in the treatment of patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3206891 TI - [Clinico-morphologic analysis of thymus tumors in patients with myasthenia]. PMID- 3206890 TI - [The immunodepressive action of dimedrol]. PMID- 3206892 TI - [Indices of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with disseminated sclerosis being treated with immunomodulators]. PMID- 3206894 TI - [Clinico-morphologic analysis of the visceral manifestations of psoriasis]. PMID- 3206893 TI - [Effect of glucocorticoid therapy on the function of the endocrine glands in patients with autoimmune skin diseases]. PMID- 3206895 TI - [Clinical characteristics of asthenic depression in the late period of craniocerebral trauma]. PMID- 3206896 TI - [Characteristics of the treatment of older women with chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3206897 TI - [Function of the sympathetic-adrenal system in workers at a coke chemical plant]. PMID- 3206898 TI - [Characteristics of the development and course of pneumoconiosis in deep-shaft miners]. PMID- 3206899 TI - [Primary malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach]. AB - A case of a 69 years old male patient with primary malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma is presented. The disease resembled clinically, roentgenologically and endoscopically gastric cancer. The diagnosis was proved by histologic examination which revealed lymphoblast sarcoma with significant malignancy. The etiopathogenesis, clinical, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic problems of malignant non-Hodgkin gastric lymphoma are discussed. PMID- 3206900 TI - [A case of large mixed thrombus in the left heart atrium]. AB - A case is presented of a woman with a combined Rheumatic mitral valvular disease with a large mixed thrombus (65 mm) in the left atrium diagnosed post mortem. Such cases are very rare. In the course of the investigation of the patient many difficulties arose in spite of the use of modern instrumental methods. The precise and timely diagnosis of a thrombus in the left atrium allows an early radical treatment. PMID- 3206901 TI - [A case of aortic coarctation associated with skeletal abnormalities]. AB - A combination of coarctation of the aorta, symphalangism and short stature in a 23 years old woman is reported. The resemblance and the differences of the case with the Tabatznik's syndrome are discussed. The need of the search for cardiovascular anomalies in cases with skeletal dysplasia, in particular of the sternum, is pointed out. PMID- 3206902 TI - [Systolic pressure--left-ventricular telesystolic volume ratio in the treatment of hypertension with a cardioselective beta-blockader without inner sympathomimetic activity]. AB - The ratio systolic pressure--telesystolic volume (SP-TV) was determined in 39 patients with II degree hypertension by M-type echocardiography and simultaneous measurement of the arterial pressure before and at the end of the I and VI month of treatment with a cardioselective beta-blocker without a sympathicomimetic activity. The initial values of the ratio SP-TV did not differ from those of healthy persons. At the end of the first month of treatment the ratio was reliably lower (p less than 0.001) and at the end of the sixth month it increased but remained reliably lower than that of healthy persons (p less than 0.045). At the end of the sixth month the left ventricular muscular mass was reliably reduced. A large up to significant negative correlation was established between the ratio SP-TV and the left ventricular muscular mass before and after the treatment. The left ventricular pump function showed favorable dynamics. PMID- 3206903 TI - [An apex cardiographic method of determining the moment of mitral valve opening and duration of its isovolumetric relaxation]. AB - By analyzing the simultaneous recordings of M-type echocardiogram of the mitral valve, apexcardiogram (ACG) phonocardiogram (PCG) in 49 healthy persons, 30 patients with II stage hypertension and 39 patients with unstable angina pectoris was established that the opening of the mitral valve coincides with the moment in which the discending arm of the ACG deviates from its tangent (determined by two points--the first is the point of intersection of the ACG with the perpendicular raised from the initial highfrequency vibrations of the aortic component of the II tone: the second is 20 ms from the first on the discending arm of the ACG). The method allows the determination of the exact moment of the opening of the mitral valve and the duration of the isovolumetric relaxation and of the period of the active suction by the ACG and the PCG only. This increases the apexcardiographic potentialities in the functional diagnosis of the left ventricle. PMID- 3206904 TI - [Prevention and treatment of cardiac rhythm disorders during hemodialysis]. AB - 16 patients with chronic renal failure and cardiac rhythm disorders which appear or aggravate in the course of hemodialysis were followed up. The most frequent cause for the appearance of arrhythmia in the course of hemodialysis is the dialyzing solution containing 2 mmol/l potassium. Some predisposing factors such as age, cardiac failure also play a role. The prophylaxis of these rhythm disturbances can be carried out by increasing the potassium content of the dialyzing solution up to 3.0-3.5 mmol/l. This does not lead to statistically significant increase of the predialysis potassium serum concentration but after the dialysis the serum potassium concentration increases statistically significantly (4.01 mmol/l against 3.29 mmol/l, p less than 0.05). This dialyzing solution is recommended also for the treatment of digitalized patients in order to prevent digitalis intoxication. PMID- 3206905 TI - [Effect of biostator control on levels of contra-insulin hormones]. AB - A 24 hour biostator control was carried out on 30 patients with insulin dependent diabetes, mean age 34 years (16-61 years) and mean duration of the disease 7 years (1-33 years). All patients had normal body mass (+/- 10% according to Broka's formula). The plasma levels of glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol and C peptide were determined at the beginning and at the end of the biostator control. With the decrease of glycemia (from 12.71 +/- 4.3 to 5.75 +/- 1.5 mmol/l, p less than 0.001) only the cortisol level fell reliably (p less than 0.001), the growth hormone and glucagon levels fell statistically insignificantly. There is no reliable correlation between the contra-insulin hormones studied and the glycemia level. PMID- 3206906 TI - [Glycosylated serum proteins in the early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus]. AB - In order to determine the information value of glycosilated serum proteins concentrations a parallel examination of these proteins and the oral glucose tolerance test was carried out on 104 diabetic patients and healthy controls. The results revealed a high degree correlation -r = 0.80. The advantages of the determination of the glycosilated serum proteins for the clinical and laboratory practice are discussed. The analysis is automized, available and cheap and is not influenced by food intake. PMID- 3206907 TI - [Diagnostic value of various tests frequently used in bronchial asthma]. AB - The purpose of the study is to find out a correlation between the inhalation++ broncho-provocative tests and the skin allergic tests as well as a correlation between the inhalation broncho-provocative tests and the level of total and specific immunoglobulins class E. 41 patients with bronchial asthma were examined to whom 52 inhalation broncho-provocative tests with atopic allergens were performed and a comparison with the skin allergic tests with the same allergens was made. The level of the specific immunoglobulins E, reacting as antibodies towards 42 atopic allergens, was examined and the results were compared with those of the inhalation broncho-provocative tests with the same allergens. A moderate correlation between the inhalation broncho-provocative tests and the skin allergic tests and a significant correlation between the inhalation broncho provocative tests and the specific antibodies level were found. PMID- 3206908 TI - [Weil-Vasil'ev disease in the Burgas region]. AB - 31 patients with Weil-Vassilev's disease are discussed epidemiologically, clinically and by laboratory indices. The disease is predominantly professional, the minors prevailing. Clinically it is manifested by acute onset, febrile and toxiinfectious syndrome and various organ manifestations--liver, renal, meningeal. The hepato-renal syndrome is leading (64.5%). The patient's fate is determined by the renal failure mainly. Hemodialysis and proper intensive care play a decisive role in the treatment. Since the patients are admitted to hospital late, on the sixth day mean, the antibiotic treatment is of less importance. The disease is not well known by the physicians and the initial diagnosis is usually wrong. PMID- 3206909 TI - [Study of mortality rate in acute poisoning and its characteristics in a region with developed agriculture]. AB - The lethality rate from acute intoxications was studied for the period 1975-1986 in the Tolboukhin district, Bulgaria, a district with a highly developed modern agriculture. A total of 119 persons died from intoxications during the period studied which makes 0.39% of all deceased and a mortality rate of 3.89/100,000 population. Men were five times more than women. 40% of the diseases were in the age group 41-60 years and 23.5% were above 60 years of age. Children up to 14 years were only 4. The peasants prevailed. The domestic (casual) intoxications are leading (62.2%), followed by suicides (32.8%) and professional intoxications (5%). Only 32.7% died in hospital, the remaining 61.3% died elsewhere. The main cause of death was alcohol (44.6%), followed by pesticides (mainly phosphororganic compounds--24.4%), on the 3d and 4th place are drugs and industrial products (including toxic gases--9.2%). Among the hospitalized patients prevailed those with pesticide intoxications (mainly phosphororganic compounds), followed by drugs and corrosive poisons. Among the non-hospitalized patients the alcoholic intoxications are leading, followed by industrial products. Appropriate conclusion are made. PMID- 3206910 TI - [Changes in the serum biochemical indicators in healthy blood donors during cytapheresis]. AB - In the serum of 33 healthy donors to whom 72 cytophereses (31 thrombo-, 25 leuko- and 16 leukothrombocytophereses) were performed by a cell separator "Haemonetix 30" the following indices were followed up by SMA before and after the cytophereses: total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol, glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine: total and conjugated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Several of the donors were followed up dynamically. Immediately following the cytopheresis a transitory decrease of total protein, albumin, inorganic phosphorus and cholesterol was found. At the following cytopheresis of the same donor (the time interval between two cytophereses varied from 72 hours up to several months) the levels of the total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and cholesterol had reached their normal values. The glucose level increased transitory though in the reference ranges. PMID- 3206911 TI - [Autonomic disorders and thermography using liquid crystals in obesity]. AB - The neurovegetative state was studied by a questionnaire in 70 obese patients. In 61 of them frontal and distal thermometry with liquid crystal cholesterol thermoindicators was performed and the polarization currents of the hands were recorded. In 21.3% of the obese patients deviations in the thermoregulatory state were found. A tendency toward hypothermia of about 2 degrees C, localized predominantly in the medial frontal zone, was registered. Disturbances in the sudomotorics--hypo or hyperhydrosis--were found. The results show mixed and/or parasympathicotonic dystonia in the patients studied. Thermodiagnostics with liquid crystals and registration of the polarization currents are recommended as noninvasive methods for determination of neurovegetative disorders in obesity. PMID- 3206912 TI - Longitudinal examinations in the course of dietotherapy of mentally retarded obese in-patients. AB - Mentally retarded obese in-patients were fed by low-energy diet (4.2-4.6 MJ) for 9 months. During this period, an average of 13 +/- 4.5 kg loss of body mass occurred in men and 16 +/- 2.7 kg in women. Anthropometric measurements were performed before starting the dietotherapy and in the ninth month. Changes of body fat could be followed well when calculated according to BMI. Less reliable results were obtained with skinfold thickness measurements, presumably due to body deformities. Results of clinical laboratory tests, which were carried out before starting the dietotherapy and in the fourth and seventh months, suggested that a low-energy-containing diet with balanced nutrient content and adequate protein intake did not impair protein metabolism, favourably affected serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, but resulted in an unfavourable decrease in the HDL-cholesterol content. PMID- 3206913 TI - [Effect of marginal zinc deficiency on humoral immunity in rats]. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of a marginal zinc deficiency on serum immunoglobulin (Ig) IgM and IgG1 levels. 60 weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups of ten animals each. Two control groups (73.7 ppm Zn) and two zinc-deficient groups (4.3 ppm Zn) were fed a semisynthetic casein diet ad libitum. The animals of two further groups received the control diet (73.7 ppm Zn) pair-fed to the zinc-deficient animals. After 15 days the rats of one group of each treatment were infected i.m. with a single injection (0.2 ml) of a bovine enterovirus, apathogenous to rats. 3 weeks later, all rats were anesthetized with ether and decapitated. Infection of the rats with the bovine enterovirus had no effect on the serum immunoglobulin level. The marginal zinc deficiency did not alter the IgM and IgG1 serum concentrations at all either. It remains to be examined whether other Ig-classes will react to marginal zinc deficiency. Also, the effect of severe zinc deficiency on the humoral immune system must be studied. PMID- 3206914 TI - Influence of dietary carnitine on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in rats. AB - Dietary saturated fatty acids, when compared with polyunsaturated fatty acids, increase plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, possibly because saturated fatty acids are preferentially converted into triglycerides. Carnitine is known to stimulate the oxidation of fatty acids and the formation of ketone bodies, and thus divert fatty acids from the pathway of esterification and triglyceride synthesis. In rats fed semipurified diets, we tested the hypothesis that carnitine counteracts the increase in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides seen after the feeding of saturated fatty acids. Indeed, saturated fatty acids in the form of coconut fat were found to increase plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations when compared with polyunsaturated fatty acids fed as corn oil. The addition of carnitine to the diet (1%, w/w) did not affect this differential fat effect. Thus the hypothesis would be disproved. However, it cannot be excluded that the experimental conditions were improper, so as to demonstrate an interaction between dietary carnitine and saturated fatty acids: dietary carnitine per se did not influence the blood concentration of ketone bodies. PMID- 3206916 TI - [AIDS and gastroenterologic endoscopy. Survey of current practice]. AB - Endoscopy has not remained unaffected by the increasing number of AIDS patients. A survey among German gastroenterologic centers has shown that most endoscopists pay close attention to this problem. It may be true that the safety precautions, considered to be necessary by some if a patient's HIV status is unknown, are exaggerated; the procedures undertaken for HIV positive patients are, however, in accordance with the recommendations made so far. The risk of infection is considered to be moderate to minimal, the procedures undertaken until now to disinfect endoscopes are considered to be adequate. PMID- 3206915 TI - [Effect of an egg-milk-vegetarian diet on nutritional and blood status. II. Findings of a study on circulation, blood status; discussion]. AB - Blood analyses were performed concerning glucose, uric acid, potassium, total protein, s-GOT, S-GPT, total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, iron, ferritine, iron binding capacity (IBC), hemoglobin, thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid. Significant changes with regard to improving blood levels at the end of period L, compared with the initial position, could be registrated for the following parameters: uric acid, s-GPT, HDL-, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, IBC, thiamine, ascorbic acid. In both periods, the food volumes actually eaten served basically for the comparison of clinical-chemical parameters. Only a few subjects with inconvenient blood levels had an inadequate intake of the nutrient that was to be correlated with a blood parameter. On the other hand, every blood parameter showed subjects with levels above the average of the group, but averaging, at the same time, far beyond the group's nutrient supply. PMID- 3206917 TI - Primary sclerosing cholangitis. AB - Thirty patients, 18 males and 12 females, with PSC have been studied between 1972 and 1986. In nine PSC was associated with ulcerative colitis (30%), in 4 with Crohn's disease (13%) and 17 were free of any chronic bowel disease. Four of these 17 were siblings. Alkaline Phosphatase, Gamma GT, total bile acids and 7 alpha-hydroxilated bile acids were elevated in all patients. In 14 patients plasma and urinary copper as well as ceruloplasmin were studied, showing the copper in all cases and ceruloplasmin in 10 cases elevated, 4 were normal. By means of cholangiography alterations of the extrahepatic ducts, the intrahepatic ducts, and both the intra- and extrahepatic ducts were seen in 13%, 27% and 40% of the cases, respectively. Alterations of the pancreatic duct were observed by pancreatography in 21% of cases. 40% of the PSC-patients had also a Sjogren's syndrome, while 3% were associated with diabetes mellitus Type I and II, psoriasis and red lichen planus, iridocyclitis and hepatic hemangioma. PMID- 3206918 TI - Influence of experimental hyperthyroidism on the adult rat pancreas, small intestine, and blood gastrin levels. AB - Thyroxine modulates the ontogenic changes of animal tissues. In this study, the effects of experimental hyperthyroidism on the adult rat pancreas, small intestine, and serum gastrin were evaluated. Hyperthyroidism was induced by oral feeding of thyroxine (T4) in increasing dosages (150-450 micrograms/kg body weight; 3 weeks) and controlled by measurements of the circulating hormones. The increase of thyroid hormones in blood (T4 ng/dl: thyroxine-treated rats 10.8 vs. controls 3.3; p less than 0.01; given are means) was accompanied by hypergastrinemia (IR-gastrin pg/ml: T4-treated rats 169 vs. controls 25; p less than 0.05). The T4-treated animals consumed more food but lost about 20 g of their initial body weight. Pancreatic wet weight (g: T4-treatment 1.72 vs. controls 1.42; p less than 0.05), DNA (micrograms/g body weight: T4-treatment 2.42 vs. controls 1.5; p less than 0.05), and protein (micrograms/g body weight: T4-treatment 131.7 vs. controls 63.5; p less than 0.05) were increased, whereas no pronounced influence on pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin was found. The gut wet weight after thyroxine administration (18.1 g vs. 15.4 g of controls; p less than 0.05) was elevated, but length, DNA, protein, and brush border enzyme activities remained unaltered. Our data demonstrate in adult rats a small but significant trophic response of pancreas and gut to repeated oral thyroxine administration. PMID- 3206919 TI - [On joy]. PMID- 3206920 TI - [What gallstones must (still) be removed surgically?]. PMID- 3206921 TI - [Cerebral evoked potentials in electrostimulation of the rectosigmoid--a new method of studying autonomic afferent pathways of the digestive system]. PMID- 3206922 TI - [Percutaneous, endoscopic drainage of pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 3206923 TI - [Treatment of calculi of the gallbladder by extracorporeal shock waves]. PMID- 3206924 TI - [Imaging procedures in gastroenterology. Conventional radiology and CT]. PMID- 3206925 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis and therapy of early forms of gastrointestinal cancer]. PMID- 3206926 TI - [Imaging procedures in gastroenterology. Magnetic resonance tomography]. PMID- 3206927 TI - [Cytodiagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors]. PMID- 3206928 TI - [Therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Differential surgical therapy]. PMID- 3206930 TI - [Proctology in ambulatory practice. Anal eczemas]. PMID- 3206929 TI - [Hemorrhoid disease--stage related therapy instead of polypragmatism]. PMID- 3206931 TI - Fissure in ano and anorectal sepsis. PMID- 3206933 TI - [Clinical aspects of AIDS. Opportunistic infections: "abdomen"]. PMID- 3206934 TI - [Therapy of opportunistic infections in AIDS]. PMID- 3206932 TI - [Clinical aspects of AIDS: early neuropsychiatric symptoms]. PMID- 3206935 TI - [Precancerous conditions of the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 3206936 TI - [Temporal aspects of endoscopic methods]. PMID- 3206937 TI - [Gastrointestinal drainage--technic and efficacy]. PMID- 3206938 TI - [Tumor markers]. PMID- 3206940 TI - [Procyanidin polymers, the crucial ingredients of the almond seed coat]. AB - The seed coat of almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) contains up to 30% procyanidins with different degrees of polymerisation and, in addition, fatty oils, lignin, polysaccharides and cutin. Monomer units of dimers to tetracosamers are (-) epicatechin and (+)-catechin. Prodelphinidins could not be detected. The dimers B 1, B-3, B-4, trimers and oligomers are soluble in acetone/water. The bulk material is large polymer, that is only soluble, by thiolysis, in thioglycolic acid. The large polymer procyanidins are crucial to the structure and attributes of the seed coat. PMID- 3206939 TI - Effect of irradiation and storage on patulin disappearance and some chemical constituents of apple juice concentrate. AB - The effect of irradiation on the patulin content and on the chemical composition of apple juice concentrate during storage at 4 degrees C over a period of several weeks was investigated. The radiation-induced disappearance of the mycotoxin in relation to the absorbed dose followed an exponential relationship. The radiation dose (D50), i.e., the dose which reduced the patulin content to 50% of its initial value was equal to 0.35 kGy. Storage of the irradiated concentrate had no effect on the patulin content; however, storage did lead to a slight increase in the titratable acidity and a decrease in the amounts of the carbonyl compounds and the ascorbic acid concentration. The development of non-enzymatic browning during storage of the irradiated samples followed the same kinetics as that of the non-irradiated samples. PMID- 3206941 TI - [Occurrence and determination of okadaic acids in mussels from the German North Sea coast]. AB - A method for the determination of okadaic acid, a typical DSP toxin, in mussels is described. The homogenized hepatopancreas is extracted and the crude extract purified by liquid/liquid partition chromatography. The derivatization of okadaic acid to 9-anthrylmethyl-okadaic acid (9-AM-OA) is achieved using the derivatization reagent 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM) and the clean-up is carried out by SPE with silica gel. 9-AM-OA is determined by HPLC using a RP-18 column with CH3CN/THF/H2O as the eluent. The selective and sensitive detection of 9-AM OA is performed by coupling UV and fluorimetric detectors (detection limit: 0.5 microgram okadaic acid/g hepatopancreas). PMID- 3206942 TI - Changes in free amino acids content in albacore (Thunnus alalunga) muscle during thermal processing. AB - The effects of cooking and sterilization at several temperatures on the free amino acids (FAA) content in albacore (Thunnus alalunga) muscle were studied during the processing of canned tuna. FAAs were derivatized with o phthalaldehyde, separated on a C18 column by HPLC and detected by both fluorescence and ultra-violet detectors. After cooking the loss of FAAs was not significant. However, in the final product sterilized at 115 degrees C and 110 degrees C (throughout the whole process) there were significant losses with regard to the start material, but not at 118 degrees C (all temperatures leading to the same lethal F-value). The influence of the thermal process time at 115 degrees C was evaluated for 60 and 100 min. Significant losses were found between both canned products (approximately 25%) and between the raw fish and the final product (approximately 12% and approximately 34%, process time 60 and 100 min, respectively). The determination of the content of FAA present in canned albacore may be a useful indication of the severity of the thermal processing. PMID- 3206943 TI - HPLC profiles of mutagens in lean ground pork fried at different temperatures. AB - Ground lean pork was formed into patties and fried under ordinary conditions making sure that the crust was not charred. No fat was added when frying. The meat was fried at pan temperatures of 200 degrees C, 250 degrees C, and 300 degrees C until the temperature at the centre of the patties was either 65 degrees C or 70 degrees C. The crust was extracted with aqueous acid followed by concentration of the mutagens on an XAD-2 column and elution with acetone. The total mutagenic activity and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the mutagenic components ("mutagrams") in the eluates were determined for the different frying procedures using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome test strain TA 98. Each 50 degrees C increase in the pan temperature (from 200 degrees C to 250 degrees C and from 250 degrees C to 300 degrees C) resulted in a doubling of the total mutagenic activity. The HPLC profiles of the mutagens were quite similar for the different frying temperatures, although a strong increase in the relative amount of more apolar mutagens was seen at 300 degrees C (the highest temperature). The major mutagenic activity of the HPLC fractions was confined to seven regions (mutagenic peaks) and a comparison of the HPLC profiles of the mutagens in fried beef and pork patties showed identical profiles. It is therefore concluded that the mutagenic compounds formed in fried beef and pork are similar in structure. PMID- 3206944 TI - The migration of propylene glycol, mono-, di-, and triethylene glycols from regenerated cellulose film into food. AB - Chocolates, boiled sweets, toffees, cakes and meat pies were wrapped in regenerated cellulose films (with or without coatings) that contained various mixtures of glycol softeners and which had been specially formulated for particular food applications. Samples were unwrapped at intervals (up to the end of the usual maximum shelf-life for the food) and analysed for their glycol content. Analysis involved homogenization of the food in hot water, removal of fats with hexane, precipitation of sugars with calcium hydroxide and analysis of the glycols by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) after trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization. Triethylene glycol was analysed by selected ion monitoring GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) as interference problems occurred with the GC/FID approach. The results of the study showed that higher levels of migration occurred for propylene glycol than for triethylene glycol and the presence of a coating reduced the migration of both softeners. Generally, mono- and diethylene glycol levels in the food samples were below 10 mg/kg, although some samples wrapped in polyethylene glycol-softened films contained levels approaching the current statutory limit of 50 mg/kg. PMID- 3206945 TI - Serological comparison between isolated strains of Aeromonas salmonicida by agglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PMID- 3206946 TI - Effects of exogenous estrogen administration to ovariectomized cows on the blood and milk-leukocyte counts and -neutrophil phagocytosis measured by flow cytometry. PMID- 3206947 TI - Sequential changes of mineral and trace elements in milk during the course of endotoxin-induced mastitis as analyzed by particle induced -X-ray (PIXE), -gamma ray emission (PIGE) and ion selective electrodes. PMID- 3206948 TI - Research on susceptibility of cats to the oral administration of rabies vaccine SAD B 19 Tu. PMID- 3206949 TI - The effect on inflammation of the bovine mammary gland of vaccination with a cell wall extract of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3206950 TI - [Sequence divergence of the mitochondrial DNA of Pacific Ocean salmon]. AB - Restriction assay of mtDNA has been made in 6 salmon species form the genus Oncorhynchus and one species from the related genus, i.e. Salvelinus malma. The size of the mitochondrial genome was found to be identical and equal to 16.7 kilobases. The digestion patterns of mtDNA cleaved by 5 restriction endonucleases (Eco RI, Bgl I, Bgl II, Hind III, and Pst I) were used for analysis of the levels of interspecific variation and for estimation the matrix of mtDNA sequence differentiation. It was found that the level of nucleotide sequence divergence (p) in the genus Oncorhynchus varies within 1.7-6.7%. Minimum p value was observed in a pair O. keta--O. gorbuscha, maximum one--between O. masu and other species. With respect to similarity in their mtDNA, three groups may be distinguished: 1) O. gorbuscha--O. keta; 2) O. nerka--O. kisutch, O. tschawytscha; 3) O. masu. Mean value of intergeneric level of sequence divergence between Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus was found to be equal to 8%. On the basis of mtDNA analysis, the dendrogram of similarity of the species was plotted which is consistent in principle with current viewpoints on phylogenetic relations among the Pacific salmon. PMID- 3206951 TI - [Ontogenetic characteristics of ascorbic acid binding by nerve tissue proteins]. AB - The highest ascorbic acid content has been found in a low-molecular fraction (m. w. less than 6000) of water-soluble proteins from brain tissue homogenates of rats, the lowest one--in a high-molecular fraction (m. w. about 65,000). The content of protein-bound ascorbic acid decreases during postnatal life. This process is accompanied by changes in the ratio of the reduced and oxidated forms of the ascorbic acid in favour of the latter. PMID- 3206952 TI - [Comparative enzymologic analysis of the creatine kinases from the skeletal muscles of the cod, frog and rabbit]. AB - Electrophoretic studies have been made of the protein composition and isozymic pattern of the creatine kinase from muscles of the cod. It was shown that this enzyme constitutes up to 40% of total water-soluble proteins of muscle tissue. Isolation and purification procedures were suggested for the creatine kinase from cod muscles which allow to obtain the enzyme with the specific activity 250-350 IU/mg. Comparative enzymic analysis of creatine kinases from muscle tissue of the cod, lake frog, and rabbit was also made. Studies were carried out on temperature dependence of the reaction, kinetic constants at temperatures 5 and 30 degrees C were determined together with other physicochemical properties of the enzymes. The revealed species specific differences are discussed in relation to the structure and function of the enzymes in lower vertebrates in vivo. PMID- 3206953 TI - [The action of L-DOPA on the structure of spontaneous motor activity in rat pups]. AB - In experiments on 2-3-, 7-8-, 10- and 16-day old rat pups, basic age differences have been observed in the effect of a precursor of catecholamine mediator, i.e. L DOPA on the activity on the spinal and brain mechanisms of autogenic periodic motor excitation. Strong stimulation of the spinal motor rhythm was observed during the first week. At this period, supraspinal rhythm becomes even less evident. On further development, the effect is an opposite one. In 10- and 16-day rat pups, at the background of total inhibition of the spontaneous activity, administration of L-DOPA significantly increases the activity of supraspinal generator of the motor rhythm. The data obtained reveal ontogenetic changes in regulatory mechanisms of autogenic motor activity. PMID- 3206954 TI - [The cholinesterase properties of Daphnia magna]. AB - It has been demonstrated that cholinesterase of Daphnia magna is capable of the hydrolysis of propionylthiocholine iodide at the highest rate as compared to the other substrates studied, the hydrolysis being inhibited by high concentrations of the substrate. The rate of splitting of acetylthiocholine iodide is similar to that of propionylthiocholine iodide, whereas the hydrolysis of butyrylthiocholine iodide is 3 times slower. Cholinesterase from D. magna is extremely sensitive to an organophosphorus inhibitor, DDVP. The value of bimolecular constant of the inhibition rate (kappa II) is equal to (1.60 +/- 0.20).10(8)1.mol-1.min-1. PMID- 3206955 TI - [The volume rate of lymph flow in dogs in postnatal ontogeny]. AB - In experiments on 1-day to 3-month-old puppies and adult dogs, studies have been made on the lymph flow from the thoracic duct. Within the first week of postnatal life, the lymph volume was found to be high decreasing gradually in further development. In adult dogs, the volume of the lymph flowing from the thoracic duct per unit of time and per body mass was 3 times lower than that in 1-week-old puppies. Possible mechanisms of these differences are discussed. PMID- 3206957 TI - [From the theory of the epidemic process to the theory of the "self-regulation" of parasitic systems]. PMID- 3206956 TI - [Invasiveness and cytotoxicity as criteria in assessing Yersinia attenuation]. AB - The electron microscopic study of cells HEp-2 and the complex microbiological and morphological study of tissues and organs of guinea pigs and mice infected with the isogenic pairs of Yersinia strains (Y. pseudotuberculosis I and Y. enterocolitica 09) differing in the presence of the calcium-dependence plasmid, as well as Y. pseudotuberculosis mutants resistant to rifampicin, nalidixic acid or crystal violet without this plasmid, have revealed that the invasiveness and cytotoxicity of the infective agents are not directly related to the presence of the above-mentioned plasmid in these bacteria. The use of the quantitative characteristics of virulence, such as penetration ability, intracellular multiplication, dissemination and the formation of degenerative changes, has made it possible to find out that the mutants of Y. pseudotuberculosis I, yielding the negative result in the keratoconjunctivitis test and resistant to the above mentioned antimicrobial substances, can be arranged in the following order according to the degree of attenuation: rifr mutants--nalr mutants--kvlr mutants. In contrast to Y. pseudotuberculosis I, the loss of the calcium-dependence plasmid by Y. enterocolitica 09 is accompanied by an essential decrease in their invasive and cytotoxic properties, but this relationship is indirect and unstable. The proposed criteria intended for use in the evaluation of the degree of the manifestation of the invasive and cytotoxic properties of bacteria can be useful for the selection of optimally attenuated Yersinia strains showing promise as vaccine strains. PMID- 3206958 TI - [The expediency for active immunization of people against anthrax]. PMID- 3206959 TI - [The 5 laws of B. L. Cherkasskii]. PMID- 3206960 TI - [The spatial-temporal structure of fluctuations in tick-borne encephalitis morbidity in the Maritime Territory]. AB - The annual dynamics of the epidemic process in tick-borne encephalitis and its spread in the Maritime Territory, endemic for this infection, have been studied. The study has shown that in the central mountainous regions grown with boreal forest, in contrast to the rest of this focal area, a higher morbidity level and more severe outcomes of this infection are observed. This indicates that in those regions more ancient nuclei of the endemic area of this infection with the main stable elements of the natural focus are preserved. PMID- 3206961 TI - [Changes in the "latent" virulence of a vaccinal strain of Yersinia pestis multiplying within macrophages]. AB - The multiplication of Y. pestis vaccinal strain inside peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs and white mice in vitro leads to an essential increase in its latent virulence. This effect is most pronounced when guinea pig macrophages are used. Changes in the latent virulence of Y. pestis vaccinal strains, occurring in the process of their passage inside macrophages in vitro, correlate with those observed in vivo, i.e. in animal experiments. PMID- 3206962 TI - [Methodologic aspects of the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems]. PMID- 3206963 TI - [An improved technic for cementing total endoprostheses of the hip joint]. PMID- 3206964 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the spine]. PMID- 3206965 TI - [Basics of surgical treatment of spinal tumors]. PMID- 3206966 TI - [Initial experience with transpedicular stabilization of spinal injuries using ridged plates]. PMID- 3206967 TI - [Congenital dislocation of the knee joint]. PMID- 3206968 TI - [Injuries of the growth cartilage of the humeral ulnar condyle in children]. PMID- 3206969 TI - [Biomaterials and their definition]. PMID- 3206971 TI - [Diagnosis, classification and treatment of so-called hangman's fractures]. PMID- 3206970 TI - [Prediction of growth in segments of the lower extremities in focal femoral defects]. PMID- 3206972 TI - [Results of conservative treatment of congenital deformities of the spine]. PMID- 3206973 TI - [Congenital radio-ulnar synostosis in a boy with Williams-Beuren syndrome]. PMID- 3206974 TI - [Sarcoidosis and hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 3206975 TI - Effect on pulmonary function of surgical treatment of bullous lung disease. PMID- 3206976 TI - Tuberculous (peri) hepatic abscesses. PMID- 3206977 TI - Beneficial effects of plasmapheresis followed by immunosuppressive therapy in pretibial myxedema. PMID- 3206978 TI - [Isolated painful ophthalmoplegia manifesting a hypophyseal tumor]. PMID- 3206979 TI - How should we proceed when confronted with urticaria and angioedema? PMID- 3206980 TI - XIXth International Congress of Internal Medicine. Brussels, Belgium, 29th August 2nd September 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3206981 TI - [Experimental studies on a role of NK activity in murine myeloid leukemogenesis]. PMID- 3206982 TI - [Chromosomal abnormalities in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: correlation with FAB classification and prognosis]. PMID- 3206984 TI - [bcr rearrangement in variant Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3206983 TI - [DCTP(II) combination chemotherapy of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3206985 TI - [A case of t(4;11) congenital leukemia that transformed from pre B lymphoid to monocytic morphology]. PMID- 3206986 TI - [Antigenicity of human platelet membrane dissociated glycoproteins IIb and IIIa, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex]. PMID- 3206988 TI - Presidential politics and health care law. PMID- 3206987 TI - [Immunological abnormalities in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3206989 TI - Antitrust protection against a hospital's denial of access. PMID- 3206990 TI - Competence models: from theory to practical application. PMID- 3206991 TI - A survey of anesthetic choice among nurse anesthetists. PMID- 3206993 TI - Attitudes and perceived levels of knowledge of nurse anesthesia educators with respect to computers. PMID- 3206992 TI - Tissue oxygenation in the critically ill. PMID- 3206994 TI - Anesthesia considerations in myelomeningocele repair. PMID- 3206995 TI - AANA Journal course: advanced scientific concepts: update for nurse anesthetists- mechanical circulatory support: the intra-aortic balloon pump. PMID- 3206996 TI - [Antibody activity of CSF oligoclonal IgG in infectious neurological diseases. Detection using immunoblotting]. AB - The authors describe various applications of an immunoblot technique which allows the qualitative determination of the specific antibody activity of oligoclonal IgG intrathecally synthesized in infectious diseases of the nervous system. After dilution of sera to the same IgG concentration as the paired CSF samples, 10 microliters of both fluids are applied side by side on agarose gel plates and isoelectrically focused. Precipitated IgG or specific IgG antibodies are then blotted onto a nitrocellulose sheet previously coated with either a rabbit anti IgG antiserum or the antigen under study, respectively. The immunoblot is successively incubated with biotinylated anti-IgG antiserum and with the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex before staining with 4 chloro-1-naphthol. This method was applied to samples from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, herpetic encephalitis, meningoradiculitis due to Herpes Zoster, neuro-AIDS, neurobrucellosis, meningoradiculitis or encephalomyelitis due to Borrelia burgdorferi, and tuberculous meningitis. In each case, specific oligoclonal IgG antibodies, superimposed or not on a diffuse polyclonal synthesis were detected in the CSF, but not, or more faintly, in the corresponding serum. This was taken as evidence for an intra-thecal synthesis of these antibodies. In contrast, when a "mirror effect" was observed, i.e. similar oligoclonal bands in both serum and CSF after dilution at the same IgG concentration, an intra-thecal synthesis was ruled out. PMID- 3206997 TI - Abetalipoproteinemia or Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome. Clinical, biochemical and electrophysiological features of two cases. AB - The clinical, biochemical and electrophysiologic features of two patients with abetalipoproteinemia, a 17 year old boy and his sister of 14, are reported. They are the second and third reports of this disease in Belgium. Diagnosis was made by the Apo-B deficiency in their serum and the normal levels in their parents'. According to other investigators we revealed in both cases deficiency of other apoproteins, indicating, that the metabolic defect affects all classes of plasma lipoproteins. EMG findings showed axonal neuropathy. Somatosensory evoked potentials demonstrated dorsal column dysfunction. Findings were consistent with the known neuropathology of abetalipoproteinemia and of vitamin E deficiency syndromes. The therapeutic role of vitamin E is discussed. PMID- 3206998 TI - [Panmedullary ependymoma. A case report]. AB - Panmedullary ependymoma is an unusual disease last reported by Fuentes in 1986. The present case is the first to have been studied by magnetic resonance, using gadolinium. The findings indicated a panmedullary lesion rather than a tumour. Histopathological investigation confirmed the hypothesis. PMID- 3206999 TI - Primary acquired and recurrent cholesteatoma versus residual cholesteatoma. A light- and electron-microscopical study. AB - A comparative morphological study was performed between the primary acquired and recurrent cholesteatoma on the one hand and the residual type on the other. Between these two groups of cholesteatomas, one can distinguish differences in the pathogenesis and clinical features which may have therapeutic implications. This study, based on light- and electron microscopy, revealed no essential differences in morphology between the two groups of cholesteatoma. In particular, infiltration of matrix into subepithelial tissues could be found in cholesteatoma both with and without signs of inflammation or infection in the perimatrix, and this phenomenon could be applied to both types of cholesteatoma. This morphological uniformity suggests that the differences in clinical features and pathogenesis should not influence the otologist's choice of therapeutic approach. The results of this study emphasize the importance of removing as much as possible of the adjacent subepithelial tissue during eradication of the cholesteatoma, regardless of clinical type of cholesteatoma or signs of infection. PMID- 3207000 TI - Plaster of Paris and hair cell morphology. A scanning electron microscopic study of an alternative implant material for ear surgery. AB - Many techniques have been proposed for reconstruction of the posterior canal wall and/or obliteration of the mastoid bowl after radical mastoidectomy. The variety of materials that have been used, biological as well as foreign materials of different kinds, indicates that the ideal solution has yet to be found. Plaster of Paris, a biocompatible, degradable ceramic material prepared from CaSO4, may have an osteogenic property and become an alternative implant material for ear surgery. However, its possible ototoxicity has not been studied previously. Plaster was implanted in the tympanic cavity of guinea pigs. On investigation in the scanning electron microscope after 4.5 to 8 months, no toxic damage to the hair cell morphology was observed. Thus, from an ototoxic point of view, plaster of Paris would seem suitable for use as an implant material in ear surgery. Studies concerning the possible osteogenic property of plaster of Paris and its clinical application in human ear surgery are in progress. PMID- 3207001 TI - Body position and caloric nystagmus response. AB - The observation that the caloric nystagmus response is dependent on body position has been repeated in several studies during the course of this century. For many, this position-dependent modulation of the caloric response has been interpreted as evidence in favour of the thermoconvection theory as originally proposed by Barany. However, the adequacy of this theory has been put into question by recent observations of caloric nystagmus during weightlessness in orbital flight. These zero-g findings clearly demonstrate that any hypothesis based on thermoconvection alone must prove insufficient as a description of the caloric nystagmus response. In the light of these recent findings, it has also become necessary to reconsider the influence of body position on caloric nystagmus intensity and the physiological mechanisms involved. Caloric testing was performed with a group of 30 healthy test subjects. Each person was tested in eight different body positions in the sagittal plane. Caloric nystagmus response was registered by means of horizontal and vertical EOG. The observed modification of the caloric response (SPV) by assumed body position is discussed with reference to associated reports in the literature. PMID- 3207002 TI - Effect of labyrinthine dysfunction upon head oscillation and gaze during stepping and running. AB - Head oscillations and eye movements when stepping and running were studied in normal subjects and in patients with labyrinthine dysfunctions. In normal subjects, whereas linear head oscillations in the horizontal plane were very limited during both stepping and running, a marked increase in the vertical linear displacement induced pitching motions of the head during running. Patients with unilateral and bilateral lesions complaining of oscillopsia manifested lateral and diffuse oscillations, respectively, in the horizontal plane during stepping. The ratio of eye amplitude to head amplitude in the vertical plane showed larger values in subjects with labyrinthine lesions than in normals. The present results suggested that oscillopsia during upright locomotion is closely related to linear head oscillations with irregular and high-frequency components, in addition to dysfunction of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. PMID- 3207003 TI - Oculomotor disturbances in patients with tension headache. AB - Forty-seven female patients with tension headache were studied with oculomotor tests. The test results were compared with those of a control group consisting of 38 healthy women. The peak velocity of the saccades was lower in the patient group than in the control group (p greater than 0.01). There were no differences between the patient group and the control group regarding accuracy and latency of the saccades. The velocity gain values of the smooth pursuit eye movements were lower in the patient group than in the control group (p greater than 0.01). The differences in both the number and the amplitude of the corrective saccades between the two groups were significant (p greater than 0.01). The number of square waves superimposed on the smooth pursuits was the same in both groups. PMID- 3207004 TI - The Preyer reflex--an easy estimate of hearing function in guinea pigs. AB - Preyer reflex thresholds elicited monaurally by tone bursts from 0.25 to 8 kHz were determined in more than 150 guinea pig ears. Normal reflex thresholds were between 85 and 95 dB SPL in the low and middle frequencies, decreasing to 75 dB in the higher frequencies. The range of measurements at single frequencies usually did not exceed 10 dB. In unselected populations of adult guinea pigs, about half of the animals had increased reflex thresholds--at least unilaterally, in most cases due to middle ear infections. The Preyer reflex showed parallel threshold increase with compound action potential thresholds in conductive loss and recruitment in cochlear hearing loss. Normal Preyer reflex thresholds do not necessarily mean normal hearing, but increased thresholds do indicate hearing impairment. This technique is valuable in the selection and monitoring of animals for otologic experiments. PMID- 3207005 TI - Time sequence of degeneration pattern of the organ of Corti after acoustic overstimulation. A transmission electron microscopy study. AB - Female pigmented guinea pigs were exposed to a 3.85 kHz pure tone of 120 dB SPL for 22.5 min. The exposed animals were sacrificed after varying post-exposure intervals (5 min, 4 and 24 h, 5 and 28 days). Transmission electron microscopical examination was performed after serial-sectioning in areas of maximum damage and both basal to and apical to this region. By serial-sectioning, the degradation pattern of the individual cell structures in the organ of Corti could be studied in relation to post-exposure time and proximity to the well-demarcated area of maximum damage in the organ of Corti. The results provide further information on the non-reversible changes leading to degeneration and loss of sensory and supportive structures in the organ of Corti. PMID- 3207007 TI - Cochlear blood flow in endolymphatic hydrops. AB - There is no animal model for Meniere's disease but by obliteration of the endolymphatic duct, endolymphatic hydrops may be achieved in several animal species. In order to measure the cochlear blood flow in ears with endolymphatic hydrops the endolymphatic duct was obliterated in 9 guinea pigs. The blood flow was measured with the microsphere method and the cochlear histology was studied. The regional and total blood flow was determined in the serially sectioned cochleas 2, 4 and 8 months after obliteration of the endolymphatic duct. No change in regional or total cochlear blood flow was observed in the hydropic ears. PMID- 3207006 TI - Age-related auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold changes in the dancer mouse mutant. AB - An age-related analysis of auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds in 42 heterozygotic dancer mouse mutants (1-13 months old) showed an impairment of ABR thresholds with increasing age, though individual threshold curves could vary considerably. As compared with normal CBA/CBA mice, a progressive deterioration of ABR thresholds occurred from the 2nd postnatal month onwards. The dancer mutant has an inner ear with a morphogenetic type of defect, caused by a semidominant gene which is located in chromosome 19. PMID- 3207008 TI - Cytochemical identification of secreted carbohydrates in the endolymphatic sac. AB - Carbohydrate complexes were investigated in the murine endolymphatic sac by means of histochemical techniques in normal untreated animals as well as after ethacrynic acid treatment. The light epithelial cells were classified into three different types: normal, granular and vacuolar. The granular and vacuolar cells were believed to secrete glycoproteins and/or proteoglycans, the presence of which was closely correlated with the component of the precipitate in the lumen of the endolymphatic sac. This finding suggested that the light cells not only absorb endolymph but may also be involved with secretory activity. Such a dual modality in function may have several important implications, since it suggests that the endolymphatic sac has both absorptive and secretory functions. PMID- 3207009 TI - Treatment of early recurrences of acute purulent otitis media; value of myringotomy. AB - The present investigation was carried out in order to study the efficacy of oral antibiotics (A) versus oral antibiotics plus acute myringotomy (B) in the treatment of early recurrences of acute purulent otitis media. Seventy-nine children with early recurrences (arisen within 4 weeks of a primary episode) were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups (A or B). Eleven of 41 (26.8%) children in group A, and 12/38 (31.6%) in group B had healed at 4 weeks (p greater than 0.1). Seventeen children of both groups had secretory otitis media at 4 weeks and new relapses had occurred in 13 children in group A and 9 in group B. No difference between the groups was noted regarding the number of otitis episodes during the next 5 months. Thus, acute myringotomy could not be proven to affect the clinical course of an early recurrence of acute purulent otitis media as compared with that after treatment with oral antibiotics alone. PMID- 3207010 TI - Experimental acute sinusitis in rabbits. Energy metabolism in sinus mucosa and secretion. AB - In previous studies, sinus secretions have been analysed concerning pO2, pCO2 and pH. In this study the energy metabolism in the maxillary sinus mucosa and secretion was studied in 33 New Zealand White rabbits. In freeze-dried samples, glucose and lactate were analysed by enzymatic assays and ATP by HPLC. In the purulent sinusitis, lactate concentration in the mucosa was 5.67 mmol X kg-1 w.w. and significantly higher than in the control sinus. Also in the non-purulent sinusitis, lactate was increased in the mucosa. The lactate concentrations in the secretion were 9.8 and 8.4 mmol X kg-1 w.w. in purulent and non-purulent secretions respectively and are probably the result of a diffusion from the mucosal cells and of leukocyte metabolism. A reduced ATP content, with increases in ADP and AMP, in the sinus mucosa of the purulent sinusitis suggests a relative energy depletion which could result in impaired epithelial function. PMID- 3207011 TI - Non-organic dysphonia. II. Phonetograms for normal and pathological voices. AB - The clinical usefulness of the phonetogram, i.e. a graph showing the sound pressure level (SPL) of softest and loudest possible phonation over the entire fundamental frequency range of a voice, was investigated. Phonetograms of 29 female non-organic dysphonic patients, 17 healthy female subjects, 18 non-organic dysphonic male patients and 12 healthy male subjects were compared. The female patients showed significantly lower SPL values for loudest phonation when compared with healthy female subjects, while no significant difference was seen in the male subjects in this regard. With respect to the SPL values for softest phonation, on the other hand, the male dysphonic patients showed significantly higher SPL values than the healthy male subjects, whereas no significant difference was seen in the female subjects. Spectrum analysis showed that the patients had a more dominating fundamental in loud phonation than did the healthy voices. PMID- 3207012 TI - Retrograde cochlear neuronal degeneration in human subjects. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify the structural changes in the organ of Corti that correlate with retrograde cochlear neuronal degeneration. Thirty-eight temporal bones with excellent histological preparation from 23 subjects having hearing losses caused by cochlear disease were selected for study. Cytohistograms were prepared for inner and outer hair cells, inner and outer pillar cells, inner phalangeal cells, and cochlear neurons. The extent of neuronal degeneration was found to be directly related to the extent of injury to inner pillar cells and inner phalangeal cells, but not to loss of inner or outer hair cells. In most cochleas the loss of dendritic nerve fibers exceeded the loss of cell bodies. The findings support the concept that retrograde neuronal degeneration is initiated by injury to the dendritic nerve fibers, secondary to collapse and/or degeneration of the inner pillar cells and inner phalangeal cells. PMID- 3207013 TI - Poor reversibility of EEG abnormality in hypotensive, preterm neonates. AB - Twenty-four infants, 32 weeks of gestation or less, were studied with continuous recording of amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and repeated Doppler ultrasound determination of the mean blood flow velocity in the internal carotid artery (cMFV). The recording was started after the initiation of mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress. Of twelve infants receiving blood or albumin transfusion to expand the intravascular volume and in whom adequate data were available, both mean arterial blood pressure and cMFV increased in eight, and cMFV but not blood pressure in further two. In the present circumstances we consider the cMFV increases to represent true increases in cerebral blood flow. aEEG burst rate increased distinctly in five of the twelve infants during or immediately following transfusion, but did only approach the level of the four non-transfused infants after several hours, indicating a dysfunction of neural tissue not readily reversible by improved blood flow. PMID- 3207015 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in preterm very low birthweight infants. AB - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry using the Minolta Airshield TcB was performed on 40 preterm VLBW Chinese infants during the first 7 days of life; altogether 614 observations were made on the forehead and sternum, respectively. A positive correlation between the TcB index and plasma bilirubin concentration was obtained on the forehead and sternum. Positive plasma bilirubin-TcB index correlations were also observed for each individual day. The plasma bilirubin-TcB index (forehead) regressions were fairly similar for the individual days and the combined overall regression except for 2 days (days 5 and 7). A slight improvement was observed when only bilirubin concentrations less than or equal to 200 mumol/l were evaluated. The intercepts were however different for individual days requiring correction factors to the combined overall regression intercept if the regression is to be used for the respective days. However, the plasma bilirubin-TcB index (sternum) regression for the individual days were significantly different one from another, and from the overall combined plasma bilirubin-TcB index (sternum) regression. This significant difference was still observed when only plasma bilirubin concentrations less than or equal to 200 mumol/l were evaluated. Hence, transcutaneous bilirubinometry has major limitations in preterm VLBW infants. PMID- 3207014 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry. Evaluation of accuracy and reliability in a large population. AB - A total of 576 transcutaneous bilirubin measurements were performed on 336 Japanese full-term breast-fed newborn infants during the first twelve days of life. Our present study revealed that transcutaneous bilirubin measurements obtained from the forehead, chest, and sternum correlated well with serum bilirubin concentrations measured by AO bilirubinometer (0.910-0.922, p less than 0.001, n = 576). The 95% confidence limits were +/- 3.04 mg/dl for the forehead, +/- 2.85 mg/dl for the chest, and +/- 2.84 mg/dl for the sternum readings. The overall mean of values from the forehead, chest and sternum, when compared with individual means, was found to correlate better with serum bilirubin concentrations (r = 0.930, p less than 0.001, n = 576) and improve the 95% confidence limits to +/- 2.68 mg/dl. These results demonstrated that the accuracy and reliability of TcB measurement could be increased further with multiple site measurement. The study clearly indicates that transcutaneous bilirubinometry is useful for clinical screening of serum bilirubin levels in Japanese full-term newborn infants. PMID- 3207016 TI - Measurement of small intestinal transit time in children. AB - The lactulose hydrogen breath-test provides a non-invasive measure of mouth to caecum transit-time. Its use, particularly in children has not been thoroughly investigated. We have studied the effects on transit time of altering the lactulose concentration of the test solution, and of administering it in a liquid nutrient preparation. Concentration markedly affected transit-time; studies with an isotonic solution may be least affected by delayed gastric emptying, and so may reflect small bowel transit-time. Day-to-day variation was large, and was not reduced by altering lactulose concentration, or by using the liquid nutrient based test solution. There was no correlation between age and transit-time. PMID- 3207017 TI - Plasma antibodies to cow's milk are increased by early weaning and consumption of unmodified milk, but production of plasma IgA and IgM cow's milk antibodies is stimulated even during exclusive breast-feeding. AB - We measured levels of cow's milk-specific (CM) antibodies of immunoglobulin classes G, A and M by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma of 198 healthy infants; a variable number of samples taken at birth and at ages of 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 28 months were available (altogether 765 samples). The rise in the level of IgG CM antibodies was highest and most rapid in infants exposed to CM formula before the age of 1 month. The level fell by 9 months, but rose again by 12 months. This second rise was attributed to the introduction of dairy milk. Partially breast-fed and fully weaned infants had similar levels of IgG CM antibodies. The levels of IgG CM antibodies were unaffected by the infants' own atopy, their heredity for atopy, and the umbilical serum level of IgG CM antibodies. IgA and IgM CM antibodies were absent at birth. Their levels increased similarly in exclusively breast-fed infants and infants fed CM formula. We conclude that plasma IgG antibodies to cow's milk are increased by early weaning and by consumption of unmodified cow's milk. Production of plasma IgA and IgM antibodies to cow's milk is stimulated even during exclusive breast-feeding. PMID- 3207018 TI - Sudden infant death in Stockholm. A forensic pathology study covering ten years. AB - During a ten year period, March 1976-February 1986, 83 non-selected consecutive cases of sudden unexpected death in infants, between one week and one year of age, were examined at the Department of Forensic Medicine in Stockholm. Forty three deaths (52%) were classified as typical or possible cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), 35 (42%) as non-violent non-SIDS cases and 5 (6%) as non natural deaths. Cardiovascular disease, including myocarditis, was found in 21 (25%) instances, infections with inflammatory manifestations in various organs outside the heart in 12 (14%) and miscellaneous, non-violent causes of death in 2 (2%) cases. The male:female ratio was 1.15:1 for SIDS and 1.30:1 for non-SIDS cases. A peak of incidence was found for SIDS cases in infants between two and four months of age, while non-SIDS victims tended to be somewhat older. Ninety five percent of the SIDS fatalities occurred during the winter months (October April) as compared to 71% of the non-SIDS cases. Outdoor temperature below the annual mean of 5.9 degrees C in combination with a sudden decrease in temperature was associated with sudden deaths, particularly SIDS. Thirty-three percent of the SIDS victims died in their cribs compared to 51% of the non-SIDS cases. Corresponding figures for deaths outdoors in a pram were 33% and 11%, respectively. Fourteen percent of the infants in both groups died while in bed with one of the parents. Ninety-five percent of the SIDS victims were previously healthy, but in 9% one or more periods of abnormal breathing had been noted. The corresponding figures for non-SIDS were 70% and 3%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207019 TI - Prevalence of bronchial asthma among schoolchildren in a Swedish district. AB - The prevalence of asthma among 10,527 children aged 7-16 years was investigated in 1985. Children were assigned to the asthma group when replies to a questionnaire stated that at least two of four stipulated symptoms had been experienced in the preceding year. A validation study, comprising exploration of medical history, pulmonary auscultation and physiological tests (spirometry and methacholine inhalation challenge) was performed in 73 children. The overall prevalence of asthma was 4%. The most common symptom-inducing factors were physical exertion, upper respiratory tract infection, contact with animals and tobacco smoke. The methacholine test had limited value as a diagnostic aid, being positive in only 25% of children with a clear history of asthma. PMID- 3207020 TI - Asthma in schoolchildren. Factors influencing morbidity in a Swedish survey. AB - In a survey of asthma among schoolchildren, a questionnaire was sent to the parents of 10,527 children aged 7-16 years. A group of 420 children with asthma was thereafter identified. Their asthma symptoms had caused little absence from school (none in the past 6 months in 60% of the group, and greater than 5 days in only 13%). During the preceding year 40% of the group had had more than 10 days of restricted physical activity due to asthma. Severe symptoms due to undertreatment were uncommon. Although 68 children were receiving no medication, most of them appeared to have only mild symptoms, and the parents requested aerosol inhaler in only ten cases. Symptoms at school were usually related to sporting activities. In 40% of the total asthma group the symptoms were unknown to the school health service before the survey. Dissatisfaction with the service was expressed by 24% of the parents of asthmatic children. PMID- 3207022 TI - Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL): quantitative description of its clinical variability. AB - The clinical courses of 17 JNCL patients were analyzed retrospectively with the use of a simple, disease-specific scoring system. The mean observation period was 14 years (range 8-18 years). Scores of 0 (maximal dysfunction) to 3 (normal function) were assigned to each patient's vision, intellect, language, motor function, and epilepsy for each year of observation. The lapse of medians and ranges of all patients' scores were established from age 3 to 20 years. This scoring system allowed quantitative description of an individual course in context of the wide natural variability of the disease. Patients with seizures starting before the age of 10 years tended to have intractable epilepsy, to receive multiple antiepileptic drug therapies, and to have poor courses including problems not related to epilepsy. One patient had a course clearly outside the usual variability of JNCL and is thought to represent a genetic variant. PMID- 3207021 TI - Children with tonsillar obstruction: indications for and efficacy of tonsillectomy. AB - One hundred and twenty-two children between 1 1/2 and 14 years of age with symptoms suggesting tonsillar obstruction have been investigated. Each patient's history was analysed and the symptoms scored according to their incidence and severity. In addition, the size of the tonsils was evaluated. Eighty-five patients were chosen for tonsillectomy. The children with signs and symptoms of tonsillar obstruction improved greatly immediately after tonsillectomy. Severe symptoms of obstruction were observed in children with nearly normal tonsil size, as well as in those with very large tonsils. It is therefore just as important to obtain a careful history as it is to evaluate the size of the tonsils before deciding about surgery. PMID- 3207024 TI - Breast-feeding in Islam. PMID- 3207023 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes of children vaccinated against rubella and measles-mumps-rubella. AB - This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the cytogenetic and immunological responses to the effective, harmless and world-wide used vaccines of I. rubella and II. measles-mumps-rubella (M-M-RII). In one group (A) of five girls vaccinated against rubella and in another group (B) of four boys and two girls vaccinated against measles-mumps-rubella, the following parameters were studied before and repeatedly after vaccination: (a) SCE frequency, in peripheral lymphocytes, (b) DNA-synthesis, in peripheral mononuclear cells, and (c) antibody titres. The mononuclear cell proliferation rate was elevated between the 3rd and 7th day, preceeding the humoral immunological reactions, which began after the 25th day (group A) and the 28th day (group B). The latter findings coincided with a significant increase of SCE frequency in group A (one child) and in group B (all six children); in no case did the highest SCE/cell ratio exceed the normal value. PMID- 3207025 TI - The neuron-specific enolase as a marker of brain destruction in a case of Reye's syndrome: related to the treatment of brain edema. PMID- 3207026 TI - CHARGE-association with pulmonary stenosis. PMID- 3207027 TI - Nephrotic syndrome in a child with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3207028 TI - 45,X/47,XY,+13 mosaicism and Crohn's disease. AB - The unusual karyotype 45,X/47,XY,+13 in an 8.5-year-old girl with the Turner phenotype is described. She displayed none of the phenotypic manifestations of trisomy 13. The patient suffered from Crohn's disease, which is known to be associated with the Turner syndrome. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of Crohn's disease in a patient with 45,X and Y chromosome mosaicism. PMID- 3207029 TI - A case of complete trisomy 2p/triploidy mosaicism. AB - This report describes a newborn male infant with complete trisomy 2p in 80% and triploidy in 20% of cultured cells from peripheral blood. The boy was delivered by Caesarean section after 32 weeks of gestation because of signs of intrauterine asphyxia. The infant, who was utterly small for his gestational age, showed an aberrant motoric pattern and a high forehead, low-set ears, a prominent occiput and scoliosis, an extension defect in the knee joints and flexed, ulnar-deviated wrists. He had flexed thumbs, sandal gap bilaterally and syndactyly between toes III and IV bilaterally. Autopsy revealed multiple internal malformations. PMID- 3207030 TI - Retarded skeletal maturation in Weaver syndrome. AB - A male infant with primordial overgrowth and morphological characteristics of Weaver syndrome is presented. Unexpectedly his osseous maturation was retarded. PMID- 3207031 TI - Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula in infancy. AB - Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) in infancy are rare and are usually located at the level of femoral and antecubital vessels. They are generally secondary to multiple diagnostic or therapeutic arterial or venous punctures. The diagnosis is usually easy to make on clinical grounds; however, invasive procedures such as digital subtraction angiography (DSA) can be used to locate the fistula. These iatrogenic AVF may present as direct vascular communications or pseudoaneurysms originating in the venous wall. Surgical treatment is the therapy of choice. The case of an infant with an iatrogenic AVF of the femoral vessels is presented. PMID- 3207032 TI - Adolescent diabetic amyotrophy. AB - A 16-year-old boy with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus since age five years was admitted with severe ketoacidosis, and suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest from which he made a full recovery. He subsequently developed the typical clinical picture of diabetic amyotrophy with painful asymmetrical weakness and wasting of proximal lower limb muscles. Cerebrospinal fluid protein was elevated, and electromyography showed typical changes. Diabetic amyotrophy has not previously been reported in this age group. PMID- 3207033 TI - Severe child abuse presenting as polymicrobial bacteremia. AB - Life-threatening polymicrobial bacteremia in a 7 1/2-year-old boy, was found to be caused by willful contamination of i.v. drips by the mother. The boy, as well as his diseased twin sister, had histories of long-lasting chronic otitis of unknown etiology. The importance of obvious pathologic psycho-social factors was overlooked, and diagnosis was only reached by close collaboration with clinical microbiologists. PMID- 3207034 TI - Second International Symposium on the Pregnant Uterus. May 22-24, 1986, Debrecen, Hungary. Proceedings. PMID- 3207035 TI - Evolution of tissue levels of steroids: oestradiol-17 beta, oestrone and progesterone in the macaque myometrium during gestation. AB - In 15 cynomolgus monkeys between days 30-160 of gestation, tissue levels of oestrone (E1), oestradiol 17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P4) were assayed by RIA in the myometrium and the placenta. Myometrial samples were subdivided as follows: inner and outer layers adjacent to the placental area (IMP and OMP) and inner and outer layers from antiplacental areas (IMAP and OMAP). Steroid levels (ng/g wet wt) were in the range of known plasma values (ng/ml) and there was no asymmetric distribution of steroids between the various locations. When the results obtained in all the layers were pooled the gestational profiles indicated a decrease of E1 between days 80-130, whereas at the same time E2 and P4 increased. The ratio P4/E2 was 8 on day 40, 17 on day 80 and 9 on day 160. In the placenta, levels of E2 and P4 were 4 times higher, levels of E1 10 times higher than in the myometrium. Gestational profiles of the three steroids in the placenta increased from day 30 to day 160. Myometrium steroid content therefore does not appear to be a simple reflection of steroid diffusion from the site of production. PMID- 3207037 TI - Longitudinally and circularly measured EMG activity in the human uterine cervix during labour. AB - The role of the smooth cervical muscle has not yet been sufficiently explored. For that reason cervical EMG was measured during induced labour of several primiparas and multiparas. Three spiral electrodes were placed on the cervix in order to measure the EMG in the longitudinal and circular direction referred to the cervical axis. A quantitative analysis of changes in the amplitude and frequency of the EMG signals was performed by means of the spectral method. It was found that the EMG measured from the two leads differed in unripe cervices in the latent phase of labour. The differences are illustrated by two cases. Some possible explanations for the different activity are discussed. PMID- 3207036 TI - Effect of alpha-adrenergic blocking agents on uterine activity in the ewe at the end of gestation. AB - The electromyographic activity (EMG) of the uterus was recorded in vivo in 8 unanaesthetized ewes from the 140th day of gestation up to parturition. The effects on uterine activity of treatments with an alpha 1-receptor blocker (prazosin) and an alpha 2-receptor blocker (yohimbine) were studied. During the last days of gestation, EMG activity consisted of periodic active phases (1-2/h). During the last 16-17 hours, uterine activity increased sharply; this period was referred to a labour. Intravenous perfusion of prazosin (0.03 mg/kg/mn over 1 h) or intravenous injections (1 mg/kg) did not modify uterine activity either before or during labour. Intravenous perfusion of yohimbine (0.03 mg/kg/mn during 1h) inhibited uterine activity before and during labour. In all cases, lambing occurred between the 142nd and 145th day of gestation, which corresponds to the normal lambing period. These results suggest that, in the ewe, uterine alpha 2 receptors are important for normal uterine activity at the end of gestation and in. parturition. PMID- 3207038 TI - Progesterone and oestradiol levels and cytoplasmic receptor concentrations in the human myometrium at term, before labour and during labour. AB - Progesterone (P) and oestradiol (E2) cytoplasmic receptor levels in the myometrium of 12 women, who underwent cesarean section at term were determined by means of an exchange assay. Six of the women had an elective cesarean section, and the other six were in active labour when the operation was performed. Both the P and the E2 receptor concentrations were significantly higher in the myometrium of those women who were in labour. The plasma P and E2 levels did not change before labour and during labour. The myometrial E2 concentrations were also similar in both groups. The myometrial P concentration was lower in the labour group, but the difference was not statistically significant. This study is the first which compares the steroid receptor levels at term before labour and during labour in human myometrium, although only the unbound and the cytosol receptor levels were determined. The change of levels in receptor concentrations could be a sign of the decrease of the P dominance in the myometrium during labour. PMID- 3207039 TI - Effects of ethanol infusion on foetal EEG and breathing movements. AB - Ethanol (0.3 g/kg and 0.5 g/kg administered over 2 hours) was infused intravenously into 15 chronically instrumented pregnant ewes between 128 to 135 days of gestation (0.85 to 0.92 gestation time, term 147 days). Brainstem dissection above the pons was made in 7 foetuses. Foetal breathing movements were suppressed for 7 hours following a 30 ml ethanol infusion. Low voltage foetal electrocortical activity was suppressed or replaced by an intermediate voltage electrocortical activity for 5 and 3 hours following the 60 ml and 30 ml ethanol infusions, respectively. In brainstem dissected foetuses the effects of ethanol infusion on the foetal EEG were similar. Foetal blood gases and pH were not altered. These data suggest that ethanol moves across the foetal blood-brain barrier and suppresses foetal breathing movements by a direct central mechanism. PMID- 3207040 TI - Effects of calcium channel-blocker tokolysis on the foetal circulation. AB - The Ca++-antagonist nifedipine has been successfully employed in the treatment of non-gravid hypertension, and was found to inhibit uterine contractions in the perimenstrual period, as well as during premature labour in animal models. The use of antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy introduces the possibility of iatrogenic foetal distress. It has been established that nifedipine crosses the placental barrier in the sheep and causes a fall in mean arterial pressure and tachycardia in both the ewe and the foetus. This paper examines the effects of nifedipine on the foetus when administered to the pregnant ewe. Catheters and electrodes were implanted by surgical procedures in 15 ewes and foetal lambs between days 118 and 122 of gestation. The redistribution of foetal blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere injection technique. The infusion of nifedipine caused a 9% increase in the combined ventricular output (CVO) from 446 to 509 ml/min/kg in the foetus. Foetal lung blood flow increased from 29 +/- 6 to 69 +/- 14 ml/min/kg while figures for the skeletal muscle flow were 109 +/- 34 and 141 +/- 41.6 ml/min/kg. Heart and brain blood flow, expressed as percentages of CVO showed variations of 4.3 and 5.6 per cent, respectively. Blood flow in the gut, placental membranes, skin, kidney and spleen was reduced. The present results show that nifedipine, in addition to its known effects causes a redistribution of the foetal circulation. PMID- 3207041 TI - Cardiorespiratory effects of nifedipine in pregnant sheep. AB - Four concentrations of nifedipine (AdalatR, Bayer) were infused into 25 pregnant sheep of 123-140 days of gestation (term, 147 days) and the effects on the ewe and the foetus have been studied. At all doses of nifedipine infused, maternal diastolic pressure fell by about 15% and maternal heart rate increased by 33%. There was no change in blood gases or pH. Uterine activity, as measured by uterine electromyographic recordings, was reduced due to an increase in the interval between periods of activity. The duration of a burst of activity remained unaffected. The effects of nifedipine on the foetus, were similar. Mean foetal arterial pressure fell by 4-5 mmHg and heart rate rose by 15 to 50%, both changes being maintained for the duration of the infusion and the increased heart rate for longer. The electrocorticogram of the foetal sheep was unaffected by nifedipine. The effects on foetal breathing movements were small. At the concentration of 5 micrograms/kg/min for either 2 or 4 hours the breathing pattern changed so that the episodes of breathing were shorter and more frequent. The total amount of breathing per hour was unaffected. Control infusion of ethanol had little effect on the ewe except for a significant increase in lactate production. In the foetus breathing was reduced at the highest concentration used. PMID- 3207042 TI - Immunobiological methods in the prenatal diagnosis and evaluation of foetal neural tube defects. AB - In cases of foetal neural tube defects (NTDs) macrophages are present in the amniotic fluid. These mononuclear cells were analysed with immunobiological methods: functional markers as Fc and C3b receptor-mediated phagocytosis and chemoluminescence have been studied. It was found that most of these pathognomic cells ingest haemolysin sensitized sheep red blood cells (sSRBCs) and zymosan (Mannozym) particles opsonized with fresh human serum. Amniotic fluid cell suspensions from pregnancies with and without foetal NTDs were stimulated by opsonized Mannozym; consistently higher chemoluminescence activities were found when open lesion was present. The evaluation of multiple functional markers is likely to provide a better basis for understanding the characteristics of amniotic fluid macrophages and may contribute to the prenatal diagnosis of NTDs. PMID- 3207043 TI - [The body as hostage of the self. Phenomenological aspects of anorexia nervosa]. AB - There are several basic structures upon which anorexia nervosa could develop: hostility between mother and daughter, feministic protest, abandonnism, the ascetic structure, the reluctance against the being-thrown-on-the-world, asw. The phenomenological analysis reveals, through these different structures, a common distress. The patient feels the others, and also, the existence, as a violence. Yet, she feels help ass in her fight against this violence. So she takes her own body as hostage in order to delay her entry in the existence. PMID- 3207044 TI - [Body image and anorexia nervosa. The use of confrontation via video in psychomotor therapy]. AB - The body image of the patient suffering from anorexia nervosa is not only an important diagnostic criterion, but also an important aspect of therapy. In the patient unit of the university clinic for psychiatry at Kortenberg (K.U. Leuven), which specialises in the treatment of anorexia nervosa, a great deal of attention is given to body-image through the video confrontation technique. Video recordings are made of each patient on her arrival and departure. The recordings are shown to the patient and her group and discussed afterwards. It is expected that such confrontations will improve the attitude of the patient towards her own body. In order to evaluate these possible changes, the therapist fills out questionnaires at the start and the end of the program. The results of this method are analysed in this article. PMID- 3207045 TI - Effects of selective attention on visual evoked potentials in depressed patients and healthy controls. AB - The study of the attention process during depression has been realized with the recording of visual evoked potentials (VEP) by simple pattern reversal checkerboard, and in sequences where a rare stimulus appears randomly, with of without task. The recordings obtained on fifty patients before antidepressive treatment (D0) have been compared to the VEP obtained on the same patients at the end of the treatment (D28) and to those obtained on fifteen reference subjects. The results indicate that some perturbations, characteristic of the depressive state, should happen at both levels of attentional selection, early (components P1 and N1) and late (component P3). The responses of the depressive patient appear to reflect rather the intervention of automatic attention process. Electrophysiological and behavioral data seem to indicate a positive effect of the psychotropic treatment. PMID- 3207047 TI - [Some considerations on the physician's responsibility in the field of public health]. PMID- 3207046 TI - [Anorexia and drug addiction. Apropos of toxicorexias]. AB - The authors are comparing anorexia nervosa and addiction, from the points of view of the evolution and of family features. They propose the denomination of "toxicorexia" for these intricate pathologies where an anorexic or bulimic problem is associated to a drug, alcohol or medication abuse. Finally, a few guide-lines for the treatment are established. PMID- 3207048 TI - [A clinical chemistry program for clinical pathology residents]. PMID- 3207049 TI - [Etiology of congenital heart diseases. Occurrence in family members]. PMID- 3207050 TI - [Penicillin G in the treatment of pneumococcus meningitis. Current importance]. PMID- 3207051 TI - [Viral particles identical to HTLV-I in lymphocyte cultures of an asymptomatic woman whose serum contained antibodies against HTLV-I and HTLV-III/LAV-I and LAV II]. PMID- 3207052 TI - [Microalbuminuria in type I and type II diabetics without hypertension. A preview]. PMID- 3207053 TI - [A new surgical method to treat reflux gastritis and prevent gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 3207054 TI - [The Interview Department. From information to prevention]. PMID- 3207055 TI - [Gastric carcinoma: autopsy of 124 cases]. PMID- 3207056 TI - [Indicators of prognostic value in infective endocarditis. Retrospective evaluation of 37 cases]. PMID- 3207057 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse, a study of 50 patients]. PMID- 3207058 TI - [A sporadic case of legionnaire's disease in Oporto]. PMID- 3207059 TI - [Completed suicide. Methodological note about an ongoing inquiry]. PMID- 3207060 TI - [Medical education. A process in transformation]. PMID- 3207061 TI - [From the time of surgical art to the time of modern technology]. PMID- 3207062 TI - French fries, fake food or fresh fruit? PMID- 3207064 TI - The Tromso Heart Study: coronary risk factor levels in treated and untreated hypertensives. AB - Coronary risk factors are described in 288 medically treated hypertensives, 1293 untreated hypertensives and 15,029 normotensives. Cholesterol in untreated men and women was 0.37 mmol/l and 0.35 mmol/l higher than in normotensives (p less than 0.001). Non-significant differences were observed between those untreated and treated. Treated men and women had 0.16 mmol/l and 0.14 mmol/l lower HDL cholesterol than untreated (p less than 0.01). Between untreated and normotensives non-significant differences were found. Triglycerides were 0.27 mmol/l and 0.22 mmol/l higher in treated than in untreated men and women (p less than 0.01). Normotensive men and women had 0.33 mmol/l and 0.10 mmol/l lower triglycerides than untreated (p less than 0.01). The results suggest that the increased cholesterol in hypertensives was present originally, while the decreased HDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides probably were evoked by drugs. The importance of consideration of the whole constellation of risk factors in order to reduce the mortality from coronary heart disease by antihypertensive drug treatment is emphasized. PMID- 3207063 TI - Trends in coronary care. A retrospective study of patients with myocardial infarction treated in coronary care units. AB - Data on the 2,008 patients in the Swedish Co-operative Study from 1969 were compared with 773 consecutive cases with definite myocardial infarction (MI) admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) of Danderyd Hospital in Stockholm 1984 85. We found a significant decrease in hospital mortality from 26.6% to 12.9% despite the admission of older patients to our CCU. Mean age for men was 63.8 vs. 65.6 years and for women, 69.8 vs. 72.3. The incidence of previous hypertension and diabetes was higher and the incidence of heart failure and angina lower in 1984-85. No differences were noted as regards the incidence of ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation and AV-block III in the acute phase despite a much more frequent use of antiarrhythmics in 1969 (33% vs. 4%). A decreased use of cardiac glucosides was also noted (34% vs. 16%). Asystole, however, was noted in 10% of the patients in 1969 compared with 3% in our patients. beta-Adrenergic blockers were not used in 1969 but commonly given in 1984-85 (67%), also in those with heart failure (54%). Delay between onset of symptoms and admission was longer in 1969, 47% being admitted within 6 hours compared with 75% in 1984-85. In conclusion, our study shows a marked change in the use of various cardiac drugs in the treatment of MI. Differences between the populations as regards mortality and different clinical findings are more difficult to evaluate and may also be explained by change in the selection of patients treated in the CCU. PMID- 3207065 TI - Hypokalemia and ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. AB - In the present study, 408 patients with acute myocardial infarction were included. The serum concentration of potassium was assessed on admission. Episodes of ventricular fibrillation and/or ventricular tachycardia within the following 6 hours were registered. A significant positive correlation between hypokalemia and the incidence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias was demonstrated. Ongoing treatment with diuretics at the time of admission did not appear to be of any significance for the development of ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. Out of 100 hypokalemic patients, only 33 were treated with diuretics. The main reason for hypokalemia in the early phase of an acute myocardial infarction is most likely an activation of the sympathetic nervous system leading to an influx of potassium from the extracellular to the intracellular body fluid compartment. PMID- 3207066 TI - Predicting long-term mortality after a myocardial infarction from routine hospital data. AB - Among 528 patients under 67 years of age discharged alive after a myocardial infarction (MI), the cumulative survival rates after 3, 5, and 7 years were 84.1%, 75.9% and 68.6%, respectively. Compared with the "normal" population, the relative mortality risk was 4.8 for the first year, 3.1 for the second, and on average 2.1 for the next 5 years. Significant age differences were not observed for relative mortality. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed long term mortality to be independently related to higher age, a reduced working activity before the MI, previous cardiovascular disease, and a higher inhospital complication score, which was computed by summing eight defined clinical events weighted for severity. The results indicate that a reasonable prediction of long term survival after a MI can be made from routine hospital data. PMID- 3207067 TI - Hyperuricaemia and risk of cardiovascular disease and overall death. A 12-year follow-up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. AB - Serum uric concentration was determined in a series of 1462 women, aged 38-60 when first examined in 1968-69, as the first phase of a longitudinal population study in Gothenburg, Sweden. Serum uric acid concentration was positively correlated to the 12-year overall mortality in univariate analysis. No relationship was observed between initial serum uric acid values and incidence of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, ECG changes indicating ischaemic heart disease or stroke. The association between serum uric acid concentration and mortality was independent of age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, adipose tissue distribution, smoking habits, serum cholesterol concentration, serum triglyceride concentration, serum creatinine concentration, serum calcium concentration, use of diuretics, and haematological disease. The increased mortality could not be explained by any increase in malignant neoplastic disease. PMID- 3207068 TI - Atrioventricular valve plane displacement in healthy persons. An echocardiographic study. AB - A method of measuring the displacement of the atrioventricular (AV) of the left ventricle plane during the cardiac cycle in 71 healthy persons is described. An echocardiographic equipment with two cursors was used. Measurements were performed from four sites in the AV plane situated about 90 degrees apart and corresponding to the septal, anterior, lateral and posterior myocardial walls. The mean displacement during systole was 16 mm towards the apex. There was no significant difference in the recordings from the four sites. The study population was divided into three groups with mean ages 28, 42 and 60 years (group I, II and III). The displacement was significantly smaller in group III compared with groups I and II. Fractional shortening, however, could not demonstrate such a difference. The determination of displacement of the AV plane may imply the introduction of a new and simple method in assessment of left ventricular function. PMID- 3207069 TI - Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis with a new radionuclide method--99Tcm-albumin test. AB - The diagnostic efficiency of 99Tcm-albumin test (AT), a new radionuclide method, was evaluated in 90 consecutive patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) admitted to the medical emergency ward. Phlebography was used as reference method. The sensitivity of the AT test was 92% and the specificity was 61%. As the method is objective, rapid and convenient for the patients, it can be recommended as an initial examination method to be followed by phlebography, in cases with a positive test result. Criteria with high specificity, 98%, have also been defined but these criteria should be further investigated. PMID- 3207070 TI - One-year sequential follow-up of venous emptying rate and leg temperature profiles after acute deep vein thrombosis. AB - In order to study the natural course of venous flow and temperature reaction in the legs after symptomatic first episode of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 65 patients (57 with proximal DVT) without further thromboembolic complications during the observation period were followed for 1 year by repeated plethysmography (PG) and thermography (TG). Regarding the non-invasive parameters substantial individual variations was observed during the observation period. After 1 year pathologic PG and TG were still demonstrated in 39% (I mu (95%) = /0.43 +/- 0.05/) and 65% (I mu (95%) = /1.18 +/- 0.11/), respectively, of the patients after proximal DVT. Only a minority of the patients were normalized permanently in both PG and TG during the first year. The high frequency of remaining venous obstruction and especially, persistent thermoactivity is notable and may be of clinical importance. PMID- 3207071 TI - Diagnostic strategy in suspected duodenal ulcer disease. A questionnaire study. AB - In a questionnaire study of 89 Danish gastroenterologists the current diagnostic strategy in patients suspected of having duodenal ulcer disease was elucidated. A case summary concerning a patient with upper abdominal pain was presented. It was assumed that the patient had had a double-contrast barium meal examination or an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed. If the X-ray had revealed a deformity of the duodenal bulb, 30% of the gastroenterologists would offer the patient specific medical treatment (H2-blocking agent etc.), but a significantly higher number of gastroenterologists, 45%, (p less than 0.05) would offer specific medical treatment if a deformity was revealed at endoscopy. There was also a significant difference (p less than 0.01) between those who would offer specific treatment if X-ray (84%) or if endoscopy (100%) had revealed an ulcer. Considerable variation was found among experts in their decisions on the basis of X-ray and endoscopy in patients with suspected duodenal ulcer disease. Gastroenterologists generally rely more on endoscopic than on radiographic findings. PMID- 3207072 TI - Clinical and immunological features of Sjogren's syndrome in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis with emphasis on focal sialadenitis. AB - Serological and pathological findings in 21 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (primary SS) were compared with those in 32 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In ELISA, anti-SS-B/La antibodies were detected in sera from 14 (67%) of the patients with primary SS, but only from 12 (38%) of those with PBC. With the Ouchterlony test, anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies were found in sera from 15 (71%) of the primary SS patients, but in no PBC patient. Of those PBC patients investigated prospectively with objective tests, four of 11 (36%) had keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and five of 15 (33%) had pathological sialometry results. In contrast, all PBC patients but one (i.e., 14 of 15 or 93%) showed evidence of focal sialadenitis. In immunochemical study of PBC patients, IgM immunoreactivity was found in the stroma, particularly adjacent to excretory ducts and acini in salivary glands (5 of 5), whereas no such IgM deposits were observed in patients with primary SS (3 of 3), nor in healthy controls (n = 20). We conclude that the frequency of anti-SS-A/Ro and anti-SS-B/La antibodies in serum is lower in PBC patients than in patients with primary SS. The incidence of focal sialadenitis is high in PBC, though only one third of the PBC patients studied here showed clinical evidence of glandular dysfunction. With immunochemical techniques, sialadenitis associated with PBC is distinguishable by its significant IgM reaction from sialadenitis in primary SS. PMID- 3207073 TI - Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in Iceland. AB - Two children and two adults of four unrelated families were on regular light microscopic examination found to exhibit identical, spherical urine crystals. Their characteristic appearance led to the diagnosis of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine crystalluria by spectrophotometric or gas-chromatographic/mass-spectrometric analysis. Total deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase was confirmed by direct measurements of the enzyme activity in lysed red blood cells. Close family members were also examined for the enzyme defect, revealing no additional homozygotes, but 13 heterozygotes among 14 relatives. We suggest that round, brownish urine crystals, even without radiolucent kidney stones, should alert the physician to search for the existence of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine. Proper treatment could then be instituted without delay, preventing eventual kidney damage. PMID- 3207075 TI - [Orthodontic and stomatologic implications in a child with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]. PMID- 3207074 TI - Immunoelectrophoretic tailing albumin phenomenon. Associations with clinical characteristics of the patients and with nitrofurantoin treatment. AB - The study is a retrospective analysis of the clinical features of 122 patients from Finland, whose serum showed in immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) a cathodic elongation of the albumin line, "tailing albumin" (TA), not associated with an M component. One hundred and seventeen of these cases were found among about 40,000 consecutive routine serum IEP examinations in two laboratories during 1967-1980. Five further cases were detected during the collection of the control series. Only a few TA cases of corresponding type have been reported from elsewhere. Previous studies of some of the patients of the present series had shown that the TA phenomenon was due to complexes between albumin and IgG class autoantibodies against albumin. Clinical data were collected mainly from the hospital records. The chest radiographic findings were classified by the ILO (International Labour Office) method. The author herself examined 33 of the patients during the current disease or during the follow-up. One hundred and ten patients were followed up for a period of three months to nine years (mean 2.5 years). The patients were mostly elderly, and 93% of them were women. Most of the patients had one or more previously diagnosed chronic illnesses, for which they were receiving one or several drugs as long-term therapy. Eighty percent of the patients were receiving nitrofurantoin (NF) as prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections. However, urinary tract infection was not a current problem in any of the cases. There was evidence of a role of NF in the development of both the immunologic abnormalities and the clinical disease in the TA patients. On the basis of long term NF treatment the patients were divided into two groups: 1) 97 patients with NF therapy (NF+ group) and 2) 25 patients without NF therapy (NF- group). The patients had mostly undergone the examinations because of cough, dyspnoea, and general symptoms (fatigue, weakness, malaise, loss of weight). The symptoms had usually started insidiously, and in 50% of the patients they had lasted for at least three months. Eight of the patients had been hospitalized because of various acute diseases (e.g. cerebral stroke). Ten of the patients were subjectively symptomless. The most common pathologic laboratory findings were high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (over 100 mm/h in 47%), IgG class antinuclear antibodies (in 88%; the titre was greater than or equal to 1000 in 56%), high serum IgG (mean 30.6 g/l), and elevated levels of serum aminotransferases (in 54% of the patients examined).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3207076 TI - [Clinical indications for the use of the Zonarc]. PMID- 3207077 TI - [Mandibular condylar hyperplasia. Its various clinical aspects and its treatment]. PMID- 3207078 TI - [Eruption disorders of the permanent molars]. PMID- 3207080 TI - Unusual association of renal carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the contralateral pelvis. Diagnostic aspects and therapeutical management. PMID- 3207079 TI - [Buccal microbiology, dental plaque and the incidence of caries in children with or without removable orthodontal appliances]. PMID- 3207081 TI - Intrarenal lipoma. PMID- 3207082 TI - [The treatment of a staghorn calculus using extracorporeal lithotripsy as single therapy]. PMID- 3207084 TI - ABO blood groups and their relationship to transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in 30 Jordanian patients. PMID- 3207083 TI - [Is it necessary to systematically reduce dietary calcium intake in lithiasic patients?]. PMID- 3207085 TI - Obturator nerve block in preventing bladder perforation during endoscopic transurethral bladder surgery. PMID- 3207086 TI - [Enuresis and urethral instability]. PMID- 3207087 TI - [Urogenital fistulas of obstetrical origin. Apropos of 421 cases]. PMID- 3207088 TI - [The development of autonomic bladder innervation following release of urethral obstruction. Experimental study]. PMID- 3207089 TI - [Gastrostomy in urological surgery]. PMID- 3207090 TI - Idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum. PMID- 3207091 TI - AIDS commission issues report; gets lukewarm response. PMID- 3207092 TI - Labeling information on nonprescription drug products. PMID- 3207093 TI - Readability evaluation of nine patient drug education sources. PMID- 3207094 TI - This drug--what for? PMID- 3207095 TI - Gynecologic malignancies: detection, prevention, and therapeutics. Part 1. Ovarian cancer. PMID- 3207096 TI - Minoxidil. A few of the questions you're likely to hear. PMID- 3207097 TI - How to handle an audit. PMID- 3207098 TI - Occupation on the death certificate: to use or not to use, that is the question. PMID- 3207099 TI - Comparison of death certificate occupation and industry data with lifetime occupational histories obtained by interview: variations in the accuracy of death certificate entries. AB - This study compares usual and recent occupation and industry data from lifetime work histories obtained by interview with death certificate entries for occupation and industry for 2,435 persons diagnosed with cancer. Match rates are calculated as the percent of death certificate occupation and industry entries that were confirmed by interview data and are compared for exact 3-digit 1980 U.S. Census Bureau occupation and industry codes and for groups of these codes. The overall match rate for individual usual occupation codes was 47.9% and for exact usual industry codes it was 61.8%. Significant differences between the interview data for usual occupation or industry and the death certificate entry were observed by race and gender, marital status, number of years worked, and occupation and industry groups and by age for industry. Misclassification or overreporting of occupation and industry data on the death certificate ranged from 30 to 50% in this study. Our results suggest that the utility of death certificate data for investigations into the occupational risk factors for cancer may be quite limited. PMID- 3207100 TI - Silicon carbide in lung tissue of a worker in the abrasive industry. AB - Lung tissue of a worker in an abrasive manufacturing plant, whose duration of dust exposure was about 10 years, was analyzed by means of bulk analysis and in situ analytical electron microanalysis. The content of the total dust in the lung was 120 mg/g of the dried lung tissue. This value is close to the average concentration of the total dust in the lungs of coal miners with massive fibrosis. The lung dust composition in this case was approximately 43% silicon carbide, 24% aluminium oxide, 2.3% cristobalite, 2.0% quartz, and trace of talc and feldspar. Silicon carbide may be one of the major etiologic agents in this case of pneumoconiosis. PMID- 3207101 TI - Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity in soy bean workers. AB - Respiratory function was studied in a group of 29 soy workers exposed to soy bean dust produced after extraction of soy oil. The prevalence of all chronic respiratory symptoms was consistently higher in exposed than in control workers, although the differences were not statistically significant. During the Monday work shift there was a significant mean acute across-shift decrease in maximum expiratory flow rates at 50% and 25% vital capacity (FEF50: -6.4%; FEF25: 12.4%). Changes in vital capacity (FVC: -3.6%) and 1-sec forced expiratory volume (FEV1: -2.7%) were smaller, but still statistically significant. There were also statistically significant acute reductions in all ventilatory capacity parameters over the work shift on the following Friday, although the changes were in general smaller than on Monday (except for FEV1). An analysis of Monday preshift values of ventilatory capacity in soy bean workers suggests that exposure to soy bean dust may lead to chronic respiratory impairment in some workers. PMID- 3207102 TI - Mortality among agricultural extension agents. AB - The mortality experience of agricultural extension agents in the Cooperative Extension Service (CES) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture who died during the period January 1, 1970-December 31, 1979 (n = 1,495 white males) was evaluated in proportionate-mortality and case-control studies. The proportionate-mortality analysis was used to identify cancers that might be elevated in this occupational group compared with the U.S. white male population. All cancers with a significantly elevated proportionate-mortality ratio were more thoroughly evaluated in the case-control study, where there is presumably less of a selection bias in the comparison. In the case-control study, leukemia demonstrated a statistically significant linear trend with duration of employment as an extension agent. Smaller, but nonsignificant, trends were seen for non Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and brain cancer. The odds ratio for Hodgkin's disease and cancers of the colon, prostate, and kidney did not vary with the number of years on the job. These patterns resemble cancer risks seen among farmers, suggesting that agricultural factors may also play a role in the origin of these tumors among extension agents. PMID- 3207103 TI - Exposure to organic solvents and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. AB - The present investigation compares the frequency of adverse pregnancy complications and outcomes in 90 women who worked with various organic solvents during pregnancy and in 180 unexposed matched (2:1) subjects. Solvent-exposed women were approximately four times more likely to develop preeclampsia, a disorder of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria (unconditional adjusted RR = 3.9, 95% CI = 2.5, 5.4). That hypertension alone, without edema or proteinuria, was also more likely to be reported in solvent exposed women (unconditional adjusted RR = 3.0, 95% CI = 0.9, 9.9) lent additional support to the association of solvent exposure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Because preeclampsia is thought to be associated primarily with glomerular lesions, our findings, although in need of replication with a larger sample size, may be biologically plausible given the growing literature associating solvent exposure with renal disease. Solvent-exposed women were more likely to have cardiovascular complications and to deliver by cesarean section; however, given the specific type of complications and reason for cesarean, it is unlikely that these findings were directly related to solvent exposure. Other pregnancy complications such as threatened abortion and vaginal bleeding, and poor neonatal growth and maturity, were not more common in the exposed group. PMID- 3207104 TI - Respiratory symptoms and lung function in furriers. AB - Forty women who had been occupationally exposed in the fur coat manufacturing industry were studied. The mean age was 30 years; mean duration of exposure was 14 years. A group of 31 females who did not work in the furrier industry also was included in the study as the control group. A higher prevalence of all chronic respiratory symptoms was found among furriers when compared with controls; these differences were statistically significant for nasal catarrh (p less than 0.05) and sinusitis (p less than 0.01). Among the furriers, the highest prevalence of respiratory symptoms was recorded for chronic cough in 20 workers (50.0%), followed by sinusitis in 12 (30.0%), dyspnea in 10 (25.0%), and nasal catarrh in 8 workers (20.0%). Among the furriers, two (5.0%) had symptoms characteristic of occupational asthma. Most of the symptomatic furriers complained of acute symptoms during their work shifts. Statistically significant mean reductions in lung function over the work shift were recorded in furriers for forced vital capacity (FVC), -4.1%; one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), -5.2%; and flow rate at 50% vital capacity (FEF50%), -6.3%. Furriers demonstrated significantly lower mean Monday preshift measurements for FVC and flow rate at 25% (FEF25%) (p less than 0.05) when compared with those predicted. Preshift administration (by spinhaler) of 40 mg disodium cromoglycate in three workers reduced the intensity of acute respiratory symptoms and diminished the reductions in ventilatory capacity over the work shift. Data from six additional male workers demonstrated similar findings for symptoms and lung function. Our data suggest that furriers are at risk of developing both acute and chronic respiratory symptoms as well as ventilatory capacity impairment as a result of occupational exposure. PMID- 3207105 TI - Cardiovascular malformations, work attendance, and occupational exposures during pregnancy in Finland. AB - To explore for associations between occupational factors and cardiovascular malformations, information on the parents of 160 infants with cardiovascular malformations and 160 control parents was studied. The case infants had been reported consecutively to the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations. All mothers were interviewed identically after delivery, using both open and pro forma questions about detailed work tasks, exposures, and leisure activities during pregnancy. The interview information was evaluated blindly. Neither parental occupational titles nor maternal working per se gave new clues to the teratogenic risk; nor did shift working, wearing of personal protective equipment, or the mother's own opinion on exposures during pregnancy. Identified occupational exposures, as categorized by an industrial hygienist, showed no remarkable associations to cardiovascular malformations. Few mothers were exposed substantially to specific occupational hazards. Comparing mothers who used medications in the first trimester with those who did not showed an odds ratio of 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.3-3.9) when adjusted for potential confounding by multivariate logistic methods. PMID- 3207106 TI - Threshold limit values: a timely look. PMID- 3207107 TI - An international viewpoint on exposure limits. PMID- 3207108 TI - Significance and use of threshold limit values with reference to "Corporate Influence on Threshold Limit Values" by Castleman and Ziem. PMID- 3207109 TI - Swedish occupational exposure limits: developments in scientific evaluation and documentation. PMID- 3207110 TI - Maximum concentrations at the workplace in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 3207111 TI - Threshold limit values: any alternative? PMID- 3207112 TI - Threshold limit values: a balanced report. PMID- 3207113 TI - Carcinogens in Belgium. PMID- 3207115 TI - Effect of hydrogen peroxide on prostaglandin production and contractions of the pregnant rat uterus. AB - Although evidence for a role for prostaglandins in parturition is abundant, less is known about how prostaglandin levels are regulated at term. Conditions occurring peripartum in the uteroplacental unit can result in reactive oxygen production. We investigated the effect of one reactive oxygen product, hydrogen peroxide, on in vitro activity of uterine segments from the 18-day-pregnant rat. H2O2 (0.3 mmol/L) was found to elicit rhythmic contractions and increase prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 release by uterine tissue. Indomethacin blocked both of these effects. We conclude that H2O2 stimulates uterine contractions through a prostaglandin release mechanism. A speculative hypothesis of peripartum regulation of prostaglandin production by reactive oxygen is discussed. PMID- 3207114 TI - Characterization of prostaglandin production in amnion-derived WISH cells. AB - This study was undertaken to characterize prostaglandin production and its regulation in the human amnion-derived WISH cell line. Epidermal growth factor, tumor growth factor-alpha, tumor growth factor-beta, human interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13 didecanoate, and dexamethasone were tested for their ability to modulate prostaglandin production in WISH cells. Quantitatively, the major prostaglandin produced in WISH cells was prostaglandin E2. Treatment with epidermal growth factor, tumor growth factor-alpha, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate resulted in a concentration-dependent stimulation of WISH cell prostaglandin E2 production; tumor growth factor-beta and the inactive phorbol ester analog 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13 didecanoate had no effect. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in concentration-dependent inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production by WISH cells. WISH cells responded in a qualitatively similar manner to that previously observed in primary cultures of human amnion with the exception of the response to dexamethasone. On the basis of the findings of this investigation, we suggest that WISH cells may be a useful model for studying some but not all aspects of the regulation of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin E2 formation in amnion. WISH cells may also be used to evaluate the mechanisms that link regulation of immune function and arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 3207116 TI - Fetal plasma and renal responses to ruminal fluid. AB - Amniotic fluid homeostasis is dependent on a balance of fetal fluid production and absorption. The fetal gastrointestinal tract is believed to resorb 500 to 1000 ml of amniotic fluid per day during 7 to 10 bouts of swallowing activity. However, the impact of ruminal fluid on fetal plasma composition and fluid homeostasis is largely unknown. Seven ovine fetuses (120 +/- 1 day) received intraruminal infusions of 0.9% or 3% saline solution on alternate days. In response to successive 40-minute intraruminal infusions of 0.9% saline solution (0.5 and 1.0 ml/kg/min), there was no change from basal levels of fetal plasma osmolality (295.7 +/- 2.9 mosm), plasma arginine vasopressin (1.45 +/- 0.29 pg/ml), urine osmolality (150 +/- 8 mosm), or urine volume (0.49 +/- 0.10 ml/min). In response to the 3% saline solution infusion, significant increases were noted in fetal plasma osmolality (295.4 +/- 3.1 to 302.6 +/- 2.6 mosm), plasma arginine vasopressin (1.77 +/- 0.31 to 4.84 +/- 0.79 pg/ml), and urine osmolality (157 +/- 13 to 342 +/- 25 mosm), whereas fetal urine volume significantly decreased (0.35 +/- 0.05 to 0.15 +/- 0.06 ml/min). These results indicate that hypertonic, but not isotonic, saline solution infusion into the fetal gastrointestinal tract may affect fetal plasma composition and urine production. Under conditions of significant plasma to luminal osmotic gradients, fetal gastrointestinal water and electrolyte transfer may be more rapid than can be compensated by either fetal renal function or placental equilibration. PMID- 3207117 TI - Increase in fetal hydration during long-term intraamniotic isotonic saline infusion. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether a long-term infusion of saline into the amniotic space alters amniotic fluid volume or fetal fluid balance. Isotonic saline solution was infused continuously at a rate of 1 L/day for 3 days into the amniotic cavity of eight fetal sheep, resulting in an increase in amniotic fluid volume that averaged 50% of the infused volume. This amniotic volume expansion persisted during a 36-hour recovery period. During the infusion, fetal urine flow increased by 600 ml/day and was accompanied by a significant rise in renal electrolyte excretion. Fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid rose in parallel by 600 ml/day and fetal blood volume significantly increased by 5%. Maternal parameters were not changed during the experimental or recovery periods. Thus the present data suggest that direct intraamniotic infusion on a long-term basis in pregnant sheep appears to be an effective method for increasing fetal hydration and amniotic fluid volume. PMID- 3207118 TI - Circulatory responses to prolonged hypoxemia in fetal sheep. AB - Experiments were conducted in 11 chronically catheterized pregnant sheep to determine the distribution of blood flow within the fetus during prolonged (48 hours) hypoxemia secondary to the restriction of uterine blood flow. Uterine blood flow was mechanically restricted with a polytetrafluoroethylene vascular clamp placed around the maternal common internal iliac artery such that mean (+/- SEM) fetal arterial oxygen tension decreased from 23.4 +/- 1.9 to 17.3 +/- 0.8 mm Hg at 1 hour of hypoxemia and remained low for 48 hours. There was an initial increase in fetal arterial carbon dioxide pressure from 48.5 +/- 0.9 mm Hg during the control period to 56.2 +/- 2.3 mm Hg at 1 hour; this parameter subsequently returned to control values, whereas base excess showed a transient decrease. Fetal cerebral, myocardial, and adrenal blood flows were significantly increased at 1, 24, and 48 hours of hypoxemia. In contrast, there was no change in nuchal muscle or renal blood flows with hypoxemia of this magnitude. Cotyledonary blood flow increased transiently by 38% at 1 hour of hypoxemia, but was not changed from control at 24 and 48 hours. These experiments demonstrate that the sheep fetus is able to maintain the normal protective circulatory adjustments seen with acute hypoxemia for up to 48 hours in the absence of progressive metabolic acidemia. PMID- 3207119 TI - Effects of multiple-dose maternal ethanol infusion on fetal cardiovascular and brain activity in lambs. AB - Ethanol (2 gm/kg of maternal body weight administered in four equal doses of 0.5 gm/kg over 5 hours) was infused intravenously into nine chronically prepared pregnant ewes between 124 and 137 days' gestation. The data demonstrated a dose response relationship between fetal arterial ethanol concentrations and the incidence of fetal breathing movements. Suppression of normal fetal electrocortical activity occurred at a low ethanol concentration and returned to control values at a time of very high arterial ethanol concentrations. This experimental model of a binge drinking episode further supports the hypothesis that ethanol suppresses fetal breathing movements by a direct central mechanism rather than indirectly by alteration of electrocortical activity. PMID- 3207120 TI - Ovine placental perfusion balance: effect of marijuana smoke. AB - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that maternal marijuana smoking impairs placental oxygen transfer in late ovine pregnancy by disrupting perfusion balance between the maternal and fetal placental circulations. Placental hemodynamics were assessed in nine chronically prepared ewes 1 hour after exposure to smoke from either a marijuana (n = 5) or a placebo (n = 4) cigarette. When compared with placebo smoke, maternal marijuana smoke exposure resulted in a fall in both uterine and umbilical placental vascular resistance and a 30% improvement in placental perfusion balance at a cotyledonary level. We conclude that maternal marijuana smoking in late ovine pregnancy has a direct relaxant effect on both maternal and fetal placental vascular smooth muscles that decreases the normal heterogeneity of flow and improves macroscopic placental perfusion balance. However, the observed concurrent 6 torr decrease in fetal oxygen tension suggests that perfusion balance is actually disrupted at a microcirculatory level. PMID- 3207121 TI - Placental transfer of thiamine in the human subject: in vitro perfusion studies and maternal-cord plasma concentrations. AB - The transfer of thiamine across human placenta has been studied in an in vitro perfusion system. With the maternal and fetal perfusates not recirculated, the transfer index (ratio of clearance of thiamine to that of L-glucose) toward the fetus was 2.09 +/- 0.36, suggesting a mediated transport system. In the reverse direction, the transfer rate approximates that expected from simple diffusion (transfer index 0.78 +/- 0.25). Stepwise increases in thiamine concentration in the maternal perfusate were associated with parallel increases in transfer rates up to 500 nmol/L. Above that concentration, the rate of increase declined and the transfer index fell. When the maternal perfusate was recirculated and the fetal circulation was kept open, the thiamine concentration rapidly decreased, reaching a plateau in 30 to 40 minutes at a level about 0.1 to 0.2 of the fetal perfusate. In contrast, the concentration within the placenta greatly exceeded those in the perfusates. The observations indicate an effective transport system directed toward the fetus, saturable at low concentrations and capable of establishing a transplacental gradient. Measurement of thiamine concentrations in 20 paired samples of plasma obtained at term demonstrated a mean (+/- SD) cord:maternal ratio of 2.5 +/- 1.4. Differential protein binding was excluded as a cause of the gradient. The in vivo gradient is probably attributable to placental transport. PMID- 3207122 TI - Nifedipine does not adversely affect uteroplacental blood flow in the hypertensive term-pregnant rat. AB - The short-term effect of the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, on maternal hemodynamics and organ perfusion was investigated in 12 hypertensive term pregnant, spontaneously hypertensive rats by means of the radioactive-labeled microsphere technique. The normal fall in blood pressure during pregnancy was prevented by reducing litter size to two conceptuses on day 7 of gestation. Nifedipine (200 micrograms/kg) effectively lowered mean arterial pressure 25% by decreasing total peripheral resistance 38%. Cardiac output was increased 15%. Blood flows to the splanchnic region and the reproductive organs were increased after nifedipine administration. The increase in blood flow to the reproductive organs was the result of increased ovarian and uterine wall perfusion caused by large reductions in vascular resistances. Placental blood flow was not significantly altered, but resistance was decreased. Thus, the use of nifedipine to lower maternal blood pressure in pregnancy complicated by extreme hypertension does not necessarily decrease uteroplacental perfusion. PMID- 3207123 TI - Mitogenic activity is increased in the sera of preeclamptic women before delivery. AB - There is increasing evidence that endothelial cell injury and altered endothelial cell function play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Endothelial cell injury can lead to the secretion of potent mitogens by activating platelets and directly through the increased production of peptide growth factors by endothelial cells themselves. This study was undertaken to test the hypotheses that increased secretion of mitogenic factors is a feature of preeclampsia and that this activity could be detected in the serum of preeclamptic women. Paired serum samples were collected in early labor and again at 24 to 48 hours post partum from term patients with preeclampsia (n = 15) and normal pregnant controls (n = 14). A bioassay was used to quantify mitogenic activity in these paired samples by assessing their ability to stimulate the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid of confluent, quiescent (GO stage) human fibroblasts in monolayer culture. Mitogenic activity was significantly increased in prepartum, preeclamptic sera compared with normal controls and diminished rapidly postpartum to levels equivalent to normal pre- and postpartum serum. These findings are consistent with endothelial cell injury, a process that we believe plays a central role in the pathophysiology of the preeclamptic syndrome. PMID- 3207124 TI - Maternal physiologic adaptations to early human pregnancy. AB - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that significant maternal physiologic adaptations to pregnancy take place in multiple systems long before they are functionally necessary (during the embryonic period). To test this hypothesis, 20 women were studied serially before pregnancy and in the seventh and fifteenth postconceptional week of an accurately dated, clinically normal, singleton pregnancy. By the seventh week, significant changes were noted in body composition and cardiopulmonary and metabolic functions. Body fat and plasma volume increased 2% and 11%, respectively, accounting for all of the observed 2 kg weight gain. With the patient standing at rest after eating, heart rate increased 13 beats/min (16%) while mean arterial pressure fell 8 mm Hg (9%). Minute ventilation rose 24% and oxygen consumption increased by 27 ml/min, or 10%. The postprandial respiratory exchange ratio also increased, from 0.78 to 0.83; the whole blood glucose level was unchanged at rest, although there was a 15% decrease in whole blood lactate levels. We conclude that our hypothesis is correct, which suggests these adaptations are preparative and may have diagnostic value. PMID- 3207125 TI - Does the intravenous infusion of ritodrine or magnesium sulfate alter the hemodynamic response to hemorrhage in gravid ewes? AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the intravenous infusion of ritodrine or magnesium sulfate alters the hemodynamic response to maternal hemorrhage in gravid ewes. Twenty-seven experiments were performed in 12 chronically instrumented animals at 0.8 of timed gestation. Each animal was subjected to hemorrhage (20 ml/kg over 60 minutes) during infusion of ritodrine (0.004 mg/kg/min), magnesium sulfate (4 gm/hour), or saline solution control. Infusion of magnesium sulfate increased the mean (+/- SEM) maternal serum magnesium concentration to 4.8 +/- 0.2 mg/dl before hemorrhage and 5.3 +/- 0.3 mg/dl after hemorrhage. At the end of hemorrhage maternal mean arterial pressures were 63% +/- 4%, 82% +/- 2%, and 79% +/- 6% of baseline in the magnesium sulfate, ritodrine, and control groups, respectively. The maternal mean arterial pressure response in the magnesium sulfate group differed significantly from the maternal mean arterial pressure responses in the ritodrine and control groups (p less than 0.01). Fetal pH was decreased significantly only in the magnesium sulfate group (p = 0.0001). Fetal PO2 was decreased significantly in the magnesium sulfate and ritodrine groups (p less than 0.001) but not in the control group. We conclude that magnesium sulfate but not ritodrine, worsened the maternal hypotensive response to hemorrhage in gravid ewes. PMID- 3207126 TI - The relationship between large-for-gestational-age infants and glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes. AB - In this prospective study 246 women with gestational diabetes were followed up to determine the characteristics of metabolic control associated with large-for gestational-age infants. Memory-based reflectance meters were used for self monitoring blood glucose. Ambulatory glucose profiles were produced to characterize glycemic control levels throughout pregnancy. With these novel approaches to the collection and representation of glucose data, the severity of glucose intolerance (hyperglycemia) was found to be associated with both maternal and neonatal morbidity in terms of infant size and cesarean section rate. By use of hierarchical cluster analysis to identify three groups on the basis of control levels (low less than 87 mg/dl, mid 87 to 105 mg/dl, high greater than 105 mg/dl) we were able to show a positive outcome in the low group with reduced rates of large-for-gestational-age (2%) and macrosomatic (0%) infants. Furthermore, we showed that as mean blood glucose levels and instability in glycemic control increased from group to group, incidence of large-for-gestational-age and macrosomatic infants increased. Whereas obesity increased the relative risk of adverse neonatal outcome, type of treatment (insulin versus diet) did not appear to be significant. Appropriately monitored toward stability within a narrow range to achieve tight metabolic control, ambulatory glycemia in pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of maternal and fetal complications. PMID- 3207127 TI - Antenatal phenobarbital and bilirubin metabolism in the very low birth weight infant. AB - Prior studies in term infants have suggested that in utero phenobarbital exposure may accelerate bilirubin metabolism by stimulating hepatocyte glucuronyl transferase activity. This report reviews our experience with maternal phenobarbital therapy and fetal bilirubin conjugation in the very premature fetus. Mothers with arrested premature labor between 26 and 33 weeks' gestation were randomly assigned to receive oral phenobarbital (90 mg daily) or not. Infants in the two groups were similar in race, birth weight, and gestational age. Conjugated bilirubin levels at birth were significantly higher for infants receiving several days of phenobarbital in utero than no therapy (0.31 +/- 0.03 vs 0.16 +/- 0.01 mg dl, p less than 0.01). A smaller portion of infants exposed to phenobarbital in utero required phototherapy (10/23, 43% vs 24/29, 83%, p less than 0.01), which was also more likely to be delayed beyond 48 hours after delivery. Antenatal phenobarbital enhances bilirubin conjugation before delivery of a very low birth weight infant. PMID- 3207129 TI - Cordocentesis: an appraisal of risks. AB - Fetal blood sampling via cordocentesis is being used with increasing frequency. Between March 1986 and February 1988, we performed 58 intravascular transfusions (64 attempts) and 27 fetal blood samplings (28 attempts) guided by ultrasonography. The complication rates for intravascular transfusion and fetal blood sampling were 9.4% (6 of 64) and 7.1% (2 of 28), respectively. The procedure-related mortality rates were 4.7% (3 of 64) and 0%. We caution that the potential complications be seriously considered when appropriate patients are selected for cordocentesis. Additionally, we recommend that cordocentesis be performed only in tertiary care centers by personnel skilled in both ultrasonography and prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 3207128 TI - Prediction of fetoplacental blood volume in isoimmunized pregnancy. AB - Direct intravascular fetal transfusion under ultrasound guidance allows precise evaluation of both fetal anemia and adequacy of therapy. In addition, the change in hematocrit after transfusion may be used to estimate the circulatory fetoplacental blood volume. In this study we present the estimates of fetoplacental blood volume calculated at the time of intravascular fetal transfusions. Between March 1986 and March 1988, 60 intravascular fetal transfusions were performed in 20 patients. The 56 procedures in which fetal hematocrits were obtained both before and after transfusion were analyzed. The mean fetoplacental blood volume before transfusion was 94.0 ml/kg. Furthermore, the fetoplacental blood volume per kilogram fetal weight decreased with advancing gestation. These estimates of fetoplacental blood volume and changes relative to gestational age may be useful in the treatment of the severely isoimmunized fetus. Reliance on the more recently generated fetoplacental blood volumes may allow more accurate predictions of transfusion volumes and estimation of the hematocrit after transfusion. PMID- 3207130 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase B activity in women with premenstrual syndrome. AB - Several lines of evidence suggest a strong association between premenstrual syndrome and affective disorder. Similar psychological symptoms, behavioral manifestations, and biochemical etiologies have been reported. We attempted to evaluate the biologic interconnection between premenstrual syndrome and psychiatric disorder by investigating the platelet enzyme, monoamine oxidase B. The activity of this enzyme has been noted to be decreased in affective disorder, alcoholism, and psychiatric vulnerability. Platelet monoamine oxidase B activity, estradiol, and progesterone were assessed throughout one menstrual cycle in 13 women with premenstrual syndrome and 19 control subjects. No significant differences were noted between groups using these parameters. The study indicates that well-screened subjects with premenstrual syndrome are, as evidenced by the parameter of monoamine oxidase B, biochemically similar to normal control subjects. PMID- 3207131 TI - Influence of preovulatory estradiol concentration on diurnal and pulsatile prolactin secretion patterns. AB - We evaluated the effect of preovulatory concentrations of estradiol on the 24 hour profile of prolactin secretion in women with regular menstrual cycles. An estradiol preparation was chosen to allow comparison with physiologic events. Estradiol benzoate, 1 mg intramuscularly, was administered for 7 days to achieve estradiol concentrations just above preovulatory levels (424 +/- 54 pg/ml); 24 hour mean prolactin concentrations increased threefold (14.0 +/- 2.1 to 40.6 +/- 7.1 ng/ml). Prolactin pulse frequency increased significantly (p less than 0.001) during waking hours after estradiol benzoate administration. The diurnal pattern of prolactin secretion was maintained with estradiol benzoate, although the sleep acrophase often reached high concentrations (86 +/- 11 ng/ml). These results suggest in women with regular menstrual cycles: (1) that estrogen administration that achieves slightly greater than preovulatory estradiol concentrations can stimulate prolactin release, (2) that estradiol may elevate prolactin by increasing its pulsatile secretion, (3) that estradiol does not alter the diurnal pattern of prolactin secretion, (4) that estradiol concentrations just above preovulatory levels can be associated with markedly elevated prolactin concentrations. PMID- 3207132 TI - Rat Leydig cell and granulosa cell 17-ketosteroid reductase activity: subcellular localization and substrate specificity. AB - The potent gonadal steroids testosterone and estradiol are synthesized from the biologically weak precursors, androstenedione and estrone, by enzymatic reduction of the ketone group at carbon-17 of the steroid nucleus (17-ketosteroid reductase). To test the hypothesis that Leydig and granulosa cells may contain a distinct 17-ketosteroid reductase enzyme, the subcellular localization and the substrate specificity of the enzyme was examined in each cell type. In Leydig cells, the 17-ketosteroid reductase activity was concentrated in the microsomal fraction of the cell. In granulosa cells, the 17-ketosteroid reductase activity was concentrated in the cytosolic fraction of the cell. In Leydig cell microsomes, the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant for the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone was 0.41 mumol/L and for the conversion of estrone to estradiol it was 12 mumol/L. In granulosa cell cytosol, the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant for the conversion of estrone to estradiol was 1.1 mumol/L and for the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone it was 15 mumol/L. These results demonstrate that rat Leydig and granulosa cells each contain a 17-ketosteroid reductase enzyme with unique subcellular localization and substrate specificity. PMID- 3207133 TI - Collagen matrix influences the morphologic features and steroid secretion of human granulosa cells. AB - Steroid secretion and structure of granulosa cells on floating collagen gels were compared with those of cells grown on plastic. Granulosa cells from follicles of gonadotropin-treated women were plated either onto dishes coated with type I collagen or onto plastic dishes. Medium containing serum was removed after 24 hours, defined medium was added, and the gel was floated. Medium was changed daily for 3 days, after which the granulosa cells were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Cells grown on collagen secreted significantly more estradiol and progesterone than those grown on plastic during the 3 days of culture. The round multilayered granulosa cells on collagen had abundant mitochondria and lipid droplets and they formed numerous intercellular junctions. On plastic surfaces, flat granulosa cells grew as a monolayer with few junctions and less abundant mitochondria or lipid droplets. We conclude that growth on floating collagen promotes structural changes of human granulosa cells that enhances cell interaction and secretion of steroid hormones. PMID- 3207134 TI - Platelet activating factor-induced early pregnancy factor activity from the perfused rabbit ovary and oviduct. AB - Early pregnancy factor, a glycoprotein, and platelet activating factor, a phospholipid, are early signals of pregnancy appearing during the preimplantation period. The aim of this study was to determine if the administration of platelet activating factor to rabbits would stimulate the production of early pregnancy factor and, if so, to ascertain the organs responsible. Early pregnancy factor was assayed after the administration of synthetic platelet activating factor to intact rabbits, rabbits that had undergone bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and isolated in vitro perfused rabbit ovary and/or oviduct. Although serum early pregnancy factor activity was detectable 30 minutes after platelet activating factor injection in intact rabbits, no activity was found in rabbits whose ovaries and oviducts had been removed. Perfusate early pregnancy factor activity was detectable only in the presence of both ovary and oviduct, and was first evident 120 minutes after platelet activating factor exposure. However, combined samples of perfusates from the ovary alone and oviduct alone expressed positive early pregnancy factor activity. Furthermore, the addition of platelet activating factor to either single or combined perfusates did not increase early pregnancy factor activity. Our data imply that platelet activating factor induces the production of ovary and oviduct early pregnancy factor components independently. PMID- 3207135 TI - The effects of progesterone antagonist RU 486 on mouse oocyte maturation, ovulation, fertilization, and cleavage. AB - The antiprogesterone RU 486 was utilized to evaluate the possible role of progesterone in ovum maturation, ovulation, fertilization, and embryo cleavage. After gonadotropin treatment, CD-1 mice received the following experimental agents: group 1, an oil vehicle; group 2, 1 mg progesterone; group 3, 1 mg antiprogesterone (RU 486); group 4, 1 mg RU 486 and 1 mg dexamethasone. Each group of animals was injected simultaneously for 2 days (concomitant with human chorionic gonadotropin and the day after coitus). Ova or embryos were obtained on day 1, 2, 3, or 4 after human chorionic gonadotropin by flushing uteri and tubes. No differences were apparent in number of oocytes ovulated, ovum maturation, or number of oocytes progressing to two-cell embryos. However, on day 3 a marked reduction in embryos retrieved from the oviduct and uterus was apparent in the RU 486-treated groups (group 1, 84; group 3.0; group 4, 17) (p less than 0.001). In addition, few cleavage stage embryos were recovered on day 4 in the RU 486 treated groups (group 1, 74; group 2, 70; group 3, 2; group 4, 0) (p less than 0.0001). Freshly ovulated cumulus masses were recovered from the oviducts on day 4 in groups 3 and 4 (coincident with resumption of the estrous cycle). In conclusion, periovulatory RU 486 injections had no effect on nuclear maturation, ovulation, fertilization, or first cleavage division. Progesterone may not have an obligatory role in these processes. However, RU 486 administration did result in a reduced number of embryos retrieved on days 3 and 4 because of either early expulsion or destruction of the embryos. PMID- 3207136 TI - Metabolism of murine and human embryos: search for a growth indicator in vitro culture medium. AB - Ham's F-10 medium was analyzed biochemically before and after growth of murine and human embryos. Ham's F-10 medium (280 mosm/kg, pH 7.4) alone, by means of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, demonstrated one major hydrophilic peak, which eluted at 4 to 8 minutes in a 10% to 48% acetonitrile gradient. This peak showed a single peptide of 50 kilodaltons in one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. After the growth of two-cell murine embryos to eight-cell embryos or blastocysts, the major hydrophilic peak was greatly reduced or absent in the culture medium, and in turn a major hydrophobic peak appeared that eluted at 29 minutes. The major hydrophobic peak could not be focused in one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but a high content of polar and nonpolar amino acids was revealed in N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometric analysis. This shift in the peaks was not detected when embryos were cultured in the presence of 0.02% sodium azide. In vitro culture of human zygotes from the pronuclear stage to two to eight cells caused a similar disappearance of the major hydrophilic peak concomitant with the appearance of one to three major hydrophobic peaks in the culture medium. We conclude that the change in profile of culture medium from hydrophilic to hydrophobic peaks on high-performance liquid chromatography is indicative of the metabolic pattern of murine and human embryos. These data also indicate that murine and human embryos do not secrete any major peptide during their development in vitro. PMID- 3207137 TI - Fetal neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 3207138 TI - Heterophile antibodies and false-positive assays for human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 3207139 TI - Pediatric cardiology. PMID- 3207140 TI - The fimbrial biopsy in Chlamydia trachomatis pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 3207141 TI - Catecholamine concentration in amniotic fluid: possible role of dopamine in parturition. PMID- 3207142 TI - Ovulation in relation to cervical canal diameter. PMID- 3207143 TI - Ovarian renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 3207144 TI - Working the system: a perspective for managing change. PMID- 3207145 TI - The effects of chronic otitis media on motor performance in 5- and 6-year-old children. AB - Two 16-member groups of 5- and 6-year-old children, one group with a history of chronic otitis media and one without such a history, were tested on three measures of motor performance. These were the Motor Accuracy Test-Revised, the Stott Test of Motor Impairment, and measures of duration of standing balance. These instruments assess, respectively, fine motor coordination, overall motor skills, and balance. On each of these measures, children with a history of chronic otitis media scored lower than children without such a history. However, when these scores were compared statistically, no significant differences were found between the two groups. Because the results of this study were inconclusive, routine motor performance evaluation of children with a history of chronic otitis media is not advocated at this time. PMID- 3207146 TI - The relationship of cognitive skills performance to activities of daily living in stroke patients. AB - This article reports on two studies that examine the relationship between measurements of activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive skills performance. Study 1 is a post hoc analysis of ADL improvement scores collected on acute stroke patients who were either given or not given cognitive skills remediation. An examination of individual ADL scores showed significantly higher personal hygiene, bathing, and toilet activity improvement scores for patients receiving cognitive skills remediation. In Study 2, cognitive skills and ADL pre- and posttest scores for stroke patients were measured by occupational therapists, who also implemented an ADL as well as a cognitive skills remediation program as part of the patient's therapy. Some significant positive correlations between initial cognitive skills measurements and ADL outcome were found. The best correlate of patients' ADL performance at discharge was performance on an auditory attention task. Verbal comprehension correlated with overall ADL improvement, and overall cognitive skills improvement correlated with overall ADL improvement. Implications of these two studies are discussed. PMID- 3207147 TI - Early controlled motion following flexor tendon graft. PMID- 3207148 TI - Cloth sling for treatment of infant gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 3207149 TI - Relation between distance heterophoria and tonic vergence. AB - The distance heterophoria was measured using both the von Graefe and Maddox rod clinic procedures under standard reduced illumination conditions and in total darkness. Tonic vergence was measured in total darkness. The phoria measures were more divergent than tonic vergence, with the von Graefe being the more divergent of the two measures. The difference between the phoria and tonic vergence position is believed to be due to accommodative divergence derived from the decrease of accommodation, relative to the tonic level, required to focus the distance phoria target. Equations were derived to predict tonic vergence from the phoria value. PMID- 3207150 TI - Algebra of sphero-cylinders and refractive errors, and their means, variance, and standard deviation. AB - Sphero-cylinders and refractive errors can be represented by matrices. Matrix algebra provides methods whereby sphero-cylinders can be added, subtracted, multiplied, inverted, and raised to powers and can have roots extracted. These operations are defined for sphero-cylinders and examples are given. In terms of these operations a number of means of refractive errors are defined: the arithmetic, harmonic, and quadratic means. Furthermore it is possible to define a variance and standard deviation for refractive errors. These quantities should provide a basis for a formal approach to the statistical analysis of populations of refractive errors. PMID- 3207151 TI - Effect of radial keratotomy on the contrast sensitivity function. AB - A group of six patients had the radial keratotomy (RK) procedure carried out on one eye only as part of the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study. Contrast sensitivity was measured in the operated and unoperated eyes of these patients under conditions of maximum correction and no over-correction. Analysis of variance indicated a significant reduction in the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) of the operated eye postsurgically when compared to the operated eye for all patients. Analysis of results for individual patients indicated that three of the six patients showed significant reductions in CSF between the two eyes. Reasons for these changes are offered in terms of the change in glare produced by the surgical procedure and the difference in spherical aberration of the eye. PMID- 3207152 TI - Steady state of accommodation during observation of a Scheiner image. AB - To evaluate the observer's ability to self-monitor and correct accommodation voluntarily, a slit aperture, incorporating the Scheiner principle, was used as an accommodative stimulus. The Scheiner image consisted of two horizontal lines, which were perceived as superimposed into a single line when the observer's accommodation was conjugate with the optical distance of the target. The observer's task was to maintain superimposition of the monocularly viewed lines. During the task, accommodation was assessed with a Badal optometer that incorporated gratings of several spatial frequencies. By varying the optical distance of these gratings it was possible to determine the location of minimum blur, and thus the accommodation response. Results from two observers indicated that a Scheiner image can be used effectively for voluntary adjustments in accommodation for several optical distances. PMID- 3207153 TI - Reconsideration of the psychological effects of contact lenses. AB - The potential psychological impact of switching from glasses to contact lenses was investigated within a controlled quasi-experimental design. Contrary to anecdotal reports and some previous investigations, the hypothesis that a switch from glasses to contact lenses leads to psychological benefits was not supported. PMID- 3207154 TI - Factors influencing participation in an optometric comanagement center. AB - Health care is undergoing significant changes and one effect in the optometric profession has been the establishment of comanagement centers. These centers provide specialty optometric and ophthalmologic services to community optometrists on a referral basis. The centers are having an impact on traditional optometric/ophthalmologic referral patterns. This study surveyed all optometrists practicing near a comanagement center in order to determine the extent of participation, the factors affecting participation, and to design a predictive model for participation. The model identified three practice variables and five provider variables as being important in predicting participation in center activities. PMID- 3207155 TI - Fresnel vs. conventional prisms: their effects on the apparent fronto-parallel plane horopter. AB - Among the inherent optical aberrations found in conventional crown glass or resin prisms is the property known as nonuniform relative magnification. Prisms, by definition, displace an image by a given amount. However, the final size of the image is nonuniform, being relatively larger toward the apex than toward the base of the prism. At present, reduction of the amount of nonuniform magnification is achieved by fabricating the prismatic correction on relatively steeper base curves (i.e., +9.00 D). This research deals with an attempt to reduce nonuniform magnification using Fresnel prisms. In this way, image displacement is created only by small prism apices, each of equal power and each producing identical image displacement resulting in a smaller degree of nonuniformity of image size. In this experiment, equal amounts of prism were fabricated on flat and steep base curves, using either conventional or Fresnel prism. The precise magnitude of the nonuniform relative magnification for each set of lenses was measured by a number of observers using the Apparent Fronto-Parallel Plane (AFPP) horopter apparatus. After statistical analysis using both an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a matched pair t-test, there proved to be no significant reduction in the amount of nonuniform relative magnification when Fresnel prisms were used in place of conventional ground prisms. Furthermore, maximal reduction of this aberration appears to be effected only by fabricating such corrections on steep base curves. Relative magnification is more a function of the orientation of the base-apex meridian and the angle of incident light from an extended object than of effects of prism type or thickness. PMID- 3207156 TI - pH and H2O2 concentration of hydrogen peroxide disinfection systems. AB - Hydrogen peroxide disinfection has caused discomfort for some soft contact lens wearers even though the solution was neutralized properly. The discomfort could be due to the endpoint pH of the system used or the residual H2O2 concentration. Using a digital pH meter and H2O2 concentration detection strips, we measured the pH and H2O2 concentration of seven different hydrogen peroxide disinfection systems over their recommended disinfection and neutralization cycles to determine their time courses and endpoint values. The final pH of the seven systems varied from 6.15 to 7.74 pH units. All systems resulted in residual H2O2 concentrations below threshold values. These findings indicated that the final pH may be the cause of patient discomfort after hydrogen peroxide disinfection and neutralization. PMID- 3207157 TI - Complications reported with hydrogel extended wear contact lenses. AB - We conducted a survey to evaluate the incidence of various complications associated with extended wear (EW) contact lenses. Of the 137 surveys sent out, 44 responded, 15 with data. The analysis indicates: (1) EW contact lens patients receive nonuniform care, evident from the fact that the EW follow-up to EW dispensing ratio varied between 1.6 and 16.75; (2) the incidence of epithelial microcysts, striae, and giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) was found to be considerably lower than that reported previously; (3) the incidence of "red-eye" response and corneal ulcers was calculated to be within the lower end of the range of previously reported research; and (4) there may be a seasonal variation in the incidence of GPC and red-eye response as indicated by an increase in both conditions during the month of March as compared to February. PMID- 3207158 TI - Comparison of vertical fixation disparities between essential hypertensives and matched normotensives. AB - Using American Optical Vectographs and a Disparometer, vertical fixation disparities and associated phorias were measured on 19 essential hypertensives and 19 matched normotensives. Subjects were matched on the basis of race, sex, age, use of tobacco, and family history of hypertension. Correlated variance comparisons of the measured associated phorias and fixation disparities, as well as calculated x and y intercepts derived from forced-duction vertical fixation disparity curves were made and a t-test for related measures was used to compare slopes. The x and y intercepts and slope data showed no significant differences between the groups. However, statistically larger measured associated phorias for the hypertensive group were found on all but one test. This suggests a relation between the magnitude of vertical associated phorias and the occurrence of essential hypertension, but the relation found was not of sufficient strength to warrant clinical application. PMID- 3207159 TI - Comparative investigations of progressive lenses. AB - Different types of progressive addition lenses were compared with each other. It was our aim to measure all parameters in such a way that they were consistent with the normal wearing situation. The distribution of the spherical power and astigmatism was measured with a special focimeter. The induced distortion, which is important for patient acceptance, was determined by a photographic method. There are significant differences between the various types of progressive addition lenses. However, objective information is not sufficient to resolve the subjective question of patient acceptance. PMID- 3207160 TI - Standardization of the tangent screen examination: some neglected parameters. AB - Usually two factors are not rigidly standardized in the routine tangent screen examination: (1) the stimulus characteristics of the carrier that fixes the spot to the wand, and (2) patient instructions about what aspects of the stimulus they should attend to. Differences in these factors within the range of what is commonly done in the tangent screen test can lead to significant differences in the locations of the isopters. There is also an interesting interaction between these two factors in establishing isopter size. PMID- 3207161 TI - Pressure testing of ophthalmic safety lenses: the effects on different materials. AB - The procedure of applying pressure to a lens until fracture occurs and the use of the fracture pressure as a measure of lens strength has been proposed as a quantitative alternative to the drop ball test. The fracture pressure or pressure resistance of untempered, thermally tempered, and chemically tempered glass lenses and CR39 lenses were compared. The results for the glass lenses were consistent with workplace experience and previous studies using the drop ball test. The results for glass and CR39 lenses showed the reverse to what was expected. In order to investigate the basis of this difference, a second procedure was followed in which the annulus supporting the lens and the steel ball applying the pressure to the lens were systematically changed. Glass lenses showed a highly statistically significant change in fracture pressure with decreasing ball size and a small but statistically significant change with annulus size. CR39 lenses showed no statistically significant change in fracture pressure with changing ball size but a highly statistically significant increase in fracture pressure with increasing annulus size. The mechanism of fracture is known to differ in the glass and plastics materials and it is concluded that this method should not be used to compare the performance of different materials. PMID- 3207162 TI - Visual field area in phakic, aphakic, and pseudophakic individuals. AB - Goldmann perimetry was done on 11 pseudophakic subjects and results were compared to those of age-matched phakic subjects and a third group of aphakic individuals who were wearing rigid gas permeable contact lenses. Testing showed that the I-3 and I-4 fields of the subjects who had had cataract surgery were generally constricted when compared to the normal phakic population. Possible explanations for this include media clarity not being as important a factor in determining field size as was previously thought, peripheral retinal changes, and implant material affecting contrast sensitivity. PMID- 3207163 TI - On writing grant proposals: confessions of two grant reviewers. PMID- 3207164 TI - AIDS Task Force policy statement. Section on Public Health and Occupational Vision of the American Academy of Optometry. PMID- 3207165 TI - The subarcuate fossa and cerebellum of extant primates: comparative study of a skull-brain interface. AB - The subarcuate fossa of the petrosal bone houses the petrosal lobule of the cerebellar paraflocculus. Although the subarcuate fossa can be extensive, little is known about its relative size and distribution in primates. Studies indicate parafloccular involvement with cerebellar areas coordinating vestibular, visual, auditory, and locomotor systems. Hypotheses have proposed a role for the paraflocculus in vestibular-oculomotor integration, caudal muscle control, autonomic function, and visual-manual predation. This study examines the morphology and relative extent of the subarcuate fossa/petrosal lobule in a range of living primates. Methods include study of postmortem specimens representing nine mammalian orders, and qualification of the volume of the subarcuate fossa and endocranial cavity in 155 dry primate crania of 36 genera. Results show that, in mammals, the size and morphology of the petrosal lobule is directly related to that of the subarcuate fossa. Craniometric analysis shows that the ratio of subarcuate fossa volume to endocranial volume is largest in lemuriforms. The largest ratio is in Microcebus and Hapalemur. Lorisids show a significant reduction in the size of the subarcuate fossa to almost 50% below the lemuriform mean. Tarsius is near the lemuriform mean. Among platyrrhines, the ratio is high, but significantly reduced compared to lemuiforms. The highest platyrrhine ratio is seen in Ateles, the lowest in Saimiri and Alouatta. Atelids are significantly elevated compared to cebids. In cercopithecids, the fossa is significantly reduced compared to platyrrhines. The trend toward reduction of the cercopithecid fossa is most pronounced in Theropithecus and least evident in Presbytis. In hominoids, the fossa is present only in Hylobates. In great apes and humans, other than Gorilla, the petromastoid canal occupies a similar location to the subarcuate fossa of other primates, but is not homologous to it. Neither the subarcuate fossa nor the petromastoid canal are present in Gorilla. A graded reduction of the subarcuate fossa/petrosal lobule is evident among primates which evolved later in time. The relative size of this cerebellar lobule within primates may reflect size-related factors and/or degree of neocortical evolution as these relate to usage of a specific sensory-mediated locomotor behavior. The subarcuate fossa may serve as an indicator to the differentiation of the petrosal lobule of the paraflocculus in fossil forms. PMID- 3207166 TI - Relationship of the body mass index with skinfolds, girths, and bone breadths in Canadian men and women aged 20-70 years. AB - The relationship of Quetelet index (w/h2), or body mass index (BMI), with the sum of skinfolds at five sites, two skinfold-corrected limb girths, and two bone breadths were studied in a cross-sectional sample of 12,282 men and 6,593 women aged 20-70 years. The correlations of the BMI with skinfolds (0.50), bone breadths (0.51), and girths (0.58) were too low for individual prediction. Contingency tables of the BMI and sum of skinfold categories further indict its use for the purpose of assessing adiposity status or monitoring change in individuals. PMID- 3207167 TI - Genetic blood markers in Arab Druze of Israel. AB - A sample of 153 individuals from a Druze village, in northern Israel, was typed for the following genetic markers--ABO, MNSs, Rh, P, Kell, and Duffy in the blood groups AcP, AK, ADA, EsD, GL01, ICD, LDH, G6PD, PGM 1 & 2, PHI, PGD and peptidases A, B, C, and D in the red cell enzymes and for the serum proteins Hp and GC subtypes. Rare variants were observed in the following systems: PGD, a new slow variant, PGM, type 8-1; Pep A, types 2-1 and 3-1, Pep B, type 2-1; Pep D, types 3-1 and 3-3; and type GC, 2-V. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were observed for MNSs and Duffy because of increased homozygosity, which was also observed in three other systems. Gene frequencies compared well with those of Arab Druze and Moslems in Lebanon and of Israeli Moslems in most of the systems, except for the lower frequencies of blood group B, the NS chromosome, the cde haplotype, and the AcPA allele in the present sample. A considerably lower frequency of the Fy allele was found in the Druze compared with Arab Moslems. It may be due to the Druze having been less exposed to inflow of African genes, to their being highlanders, and, therefore, less exposed to Plasmodium vivax malaria, or to both of the above. PMID- 3207168 TI - Effect of posture and locomotion on energy expenditure. AB - Energy expenditure for human adults and infants and for dogs was measured in resting (supine or lateral) posture, in bipedal posture and locomotion, and in quadrupedal posture and locomotion. Variations in respiratory and heart rate and in body temperature were utilized in this comparative study. Oxygen consumption was also measured in human adults. In human adults, bipedal posture and locomotion were shown to be much less energy-consuming than corresponding quadrupedal posture and locomotion. The opposite was observed in adult dogs, where bipedalism was shown to be much more energy-consuming than quadrupedalism. In addition, this study demonstrated, for human adults in their natural erect posture, an energy expenditure barely higher than in supine or lateral resting posture, while the dogs in their natural quadrupedal stance, the energy expenditure is much higher than in their resting posture. With respect to energy, therefore, humans are more adapted to bipedalism than dogs to quadrupedalism. Human children, at the transitional stage between quadrupedalism and bipedalism, have high and almost equal requirements for all postures and locomotions. This demonstrates, in term of energy, their incomplete adaptation to erect behavior. PMID- 3207169 TI - Back muscle function during bipedal walking in chimpanzee and gibbon: implications for the evolution of human locomotion. AB - The evolution of erect posture and locomotion continues to be a major focus of interest among paleoanthropologists and functional morphologists. To date, virtually all of our knowledge about the functional role of the back muscles in the evolution of bipedalism is based on human experimental data. In order to broaden our evolutionary perspective on the vertebral region, we have undertaken an electromyographic (EMG) analysis of three deep back muscles (multifidus, longissimus thoracis, iliocostalis lumborum) in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and gibbon (Hylobates lar) during bipedal walking. The recruitment patterns of these three muscles seen in the chimpanzee closely parallel those observed in the gibbon. The activity patterns of multifidus and longissimus are more similar to each other than either is to iliocostalis. Iliocostalis recruitment is clearly related to contact by the contralateral limb during bipedal walking in both species. It is suggested that in both the chimpanzee and gibbon, multifidus controls trunk movement primarily in the sagittal plane, iliocostalis responds to and adjusts movement in the frontal plane, while longissimus contributes to both of these functions. In many respects, the activity patterns shared by the chimpanzee and gibbon are quite consistent with recent human experimental data. This suggests a basic similarity in the mechanical constraints placed on the back during bipedalism among these three hominoids. Thus, the acquisition of habitual bipedalism in humans probably involved not so much a major change in back muscle action or function, but rather an improvement in the mechanical advantages and architecture of these muscles. PMID- 3207171 TI - Multiple correlations between craniofacial characteristics: an x-ray study. AB - The method of multiple correlations was used to assess the interrelations between basic characteristics of the facial bony framework and the cranial base. The study was based on x-ray measurements in 50 normal adult males, and the result disclosed the extent to which the variability of the investigated characteristics was determined by the variability of several combined facial parameters. The characteristics of shape and position of individual facial structures were more closely interrelated than characteristics of size. The lowest degree of association was shown by the parameters of the cranial base, which confirmed its independent development. The highest degree of interrelations was shown by the parameters of shape and position of the lower jaw, which characterized the marked adaptation and compensation capacity of the mandible. Some of these relations were causal. The present findings could be useful in orthodontic therapy and during anthropologic reconstructions. PMID- 3207170 TI - Cranial base and jaw relationship. AB - The lateral skull radiographs of 124 boys aged approximately 10 years divided equally between the four angle classes were digitized in an effort to establish the relationship between cranial base size and shape and jaw relationship. Comparison of the means for occlusal groups showed a trend from class II to class III as cranial base dimensions and angle decreased. The condyle was also more distally positioned with respect to nasion, point A and the Pterygomaxillary vertical in the class II groups. Cranial base length correlated strongly with maxillary length but weakly with mandibular length. Nevertheless, the size of the maxilla did not influence its prognathism. The cranial base angle was strongly correlated (-0.7) with angle sella-nasion-point B. It is concluded that cranial base size and shape influence mandibular prognathism by determining the anteroposterior position of the condyle relative to the facial profile. PMID- 3207172 TI - Comparative study of the upper molar occlusal table morphology among seven human populations. AB - Three-dimensional morphology of the occlusal table of the upper first molars was compared in seven racial populations. Materials were moire contourograms collected by ourselves over 5 years. Intercuspal distances and cuspal heights were comparatively studied in this analysis. When the populations were arranged in the order of these sizes, their arrangements based on intercuspal distances and cuspal heights were quite different from each other. When intercuspal distances were scaled by protocone-paracone distance, the distances connecting distal cusps were significantly smaller in Mongoloids (Japanese and Eskimo) than in Caucasoids (Dutch and Asiatic Indian), which suggests a reduction tendency of distal cusps in Mongoloids. This tendency was intermediate in Negroids and Australoid. Principal coordinate analysis was carried out on the basis of a similarity matrix including both intercuspal distances and cuspal heights. The result suggested that the three-dimensional shape of the occlusal table was distinguishable in four representative racial populations. PMID- 3207173 TI - Cultivation of exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium cynomolgi, P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, and P. inui in Macaca mulatta hepatocytes. AB - Exoerythrocytic stage parasites of Plasmodium cynomolgi, P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, and P. inui were cultured by inoculating primary cultures of hepatocytes from Macaca mulatta with sporozoites. Less than 1% of inoculated sporozoites survived. Morphology and size of the liver stages in all 4 species were similar to in vivo descriptions and the time required for in vitro maturation correlated well with prepatent periods described. PMID- 3207174 TI - Interactions between Plasmodium yoelii and Leishmania mexicana amazonensis in Leishmania resistant C57B1/6 mice. AB - We examined the effect of concurrent infection with Plasmodium yoelii and Leishmania mexicana amazonensis on the course of each disease in leishmania resistant C57Bl/6 mice. P. yoelii parasitemia was greatly enhanced when L. m. amazonensis was inoculated 2 days, 3 weeks, or 12 weeks prior to the malaria. Lesions due to L. m. amazonensis were enhanced in mice concomitantly infected with P. yoelii compared to mice infected with L. m. amazonensis only. Metastatic L. m. amazonensis lesions developed in mice infected with P. yoelii and L. m. amazonensis, but never in mice only infected with L. m. amazonensis. PMID- 3207175 TI - Comparison of DNA probe and cytogenetic methods for identifying field collected Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes. AB - A recently developed DNA probe method was compared with the standard cytogenetic method for identifying the species of individual mosquitoes in the Anopheles gambiae complex. The complex consists of 6 morphologically indistinguishable sibling species that include the major African malaria vectors. Half-gravid, field collected mosquitoes were split into 2 portions: the abdomen was preserved for ovarian nurse cell cytotaxonomy and the head/thorax portion was desiccated for DNA extraction. Cytogenetic examination of the Kenya specimens showed 88 An. gambiae and 108 An. arabiensis. The Zimbabwe specimens consisted of 6 An. gambiae and 55 An. Quadriannulatus. All samples of the 3 species were polymorphic for the major chromosomal inversions previously recorded in field specimens from eastern and southern Africa, indicating that the collections reflected natural levels of intraspecific variation in the field populations sampled. Approximately 97% of the cytologically identified mosquitoes were also identified to species by the DNA probe method, and in every case the DNA probe and cytogenetic methods of species identification produced concordant results. PMID- 3207177 TI - Vector density, parasite prevalence, and transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in Guatemala. AB - Transmission of Onchocerca volvulus at 4 locations with different prevalences of human onchocerciasis in the Atitlan region of Guatemala is described in relation to vector density and infection rates. The percentages of residents with skin biopsies positive for microfilariae of O. volvulus at these locations were 13.8%, 33.3%, 65.4%, and 89.6%. The following variables associated with transmission were calculated from our observations (the values are presented in an order that corresponds with the above prevalence rates): frequency of third-stage larvae (calculated on an annual basis) in parous Simulium ochraceum, 0, 0.004, 0.005, and 0.004; estimated daily biting density of S. ochraceum, 23, 24, 254, and 1,509 flies per day; and estimated annual infective biting density (based on S. ochraceum), 0, 18, 185, and 1,101 potentially infective bites per year. The frequencies of third-stage larvae are very small compared with those observed in Africa, and suggest that transmission of O. volvulus in Guatemala depends on high vector density. Locations with low, and perhaps tolerable, levels of onchocerciasis (less than 15% of female residents with skin biopsies positive for microfilariae) have mean daily biting densities for S. ochraceum of less than or equal to 24 flies, and infected residents normally have mean microfilarial densities of less than or equal to 3 microfilariae per mg of skin. Stratification of prevalence rates by age group proved useful for assessing current transmission within a village. PMID- 3207176 TI - Transmission of Onchocerca volvulus by secondary vectors in Guatemala. AB - A comprehensive study of the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus at 4 locations in Guatemala with different prevalence rates of onchocerciasis included observations on potential secondary vectors, the most prevalent of which were Simulium metallicum, S. callidum, and S. gonzalezi. Filariae encountered in S. metallicum were primarily of a Dipetalonema-like species, but third-stage larvae indistinguishable from O. volvulus were found in 4 flies of this species. Our findings suggest that O. volvulus may occasionally be transmitted by S. metallicum, but such transmission is likely limited to areas having both a high parasite prevalence maintained by S. ochraceum and a relatively high host-seeking density of S. metallicum. Two third-stage larvae that could not be differentiated from O. volvulus were found once in S. gonzalezi; however, transmission by this species appears to be inconsequential. PMID- 3207178 TI - Reduced Rift Valley fever virus infection rates in mosquitoes associated with pledget feedings. AB - Infection rates were compared in Culex pipiens and Aedes taeniorhynchus after they fed on Rift Valley fever (RVF) viremic hamsters or ingested similar doses of RVF virus from blood-soaked pledgets. Infection rates were significantly lower for mosquitoes that ingested virus from a pledget than for those that ingested similar doses from viremic hamsters. The method used to prevent normal clot formation for the pledget feedings (i.e., defibrination by shaking with glass beads or addition of heparin) did not affect subsequent infection rates. Both inhibition of normal clot formation and freezing of virus after it had last been propagated were associated with significantly reduced infection rates with the pledget feedings. Laboratory studies using artificial feeding techniques may not give reliable estimates of the vector competence of mosquitoes for arboviruses. PMID- 3207179 TI - Bronchial provocation studies in farmers with positive RAST to the storage mite Lepidoglyphus destructor. AB - Bronchial provocation studies with L. destructor (L. des.) extract were made on 12 farmers with asthma who were exposed daily to stored hay and grain and had positive radio-allergo-sorbent test (RAST) to L. des. All 12 farmers developed more than a 20% fall in FEV1 to the extract. None of the symptomatic farmers who were also RAST positive to the L. des. culture medium developed an asthmatic reaction to the medium extract. Neither four healthy farmers nor two patients with asthma caused by D. pteronyssinus (D. pt.) responded to L. des. or the L. des. culture medium. Challenges with D. pt. extract were negative in two symptomatic farmers who were RAST positive to L. des. and negative to D. pt. The present study further supports our previous hypothesis that there is an IgE mediated immunological mechanism behind L. des.-induced asthma in farmers and that atopic farmers are liable to develop occupational asthma caused by allergy to L. des.. PMID- 3207181 TI - Dose response curve of allergen and histamine in skin prick tests. AB - Twenty-six Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.pt.) sensitive subjects were skin prick tested in duplicate with 15 concentrations of D.pt. ranging from 0.0018 to 17.8 mg/ml, 15 concentrations of the major allergen of D.pt., antigen P1, ranging from 0.0002 to 1.88 mg/ml and 15 concentrations of histamine dihydrochloride solution ranging from 0.048 to 114.0 mg/ml. Weal areas and concentrations were transformed by taking logs and linear and non-linear regression curves fitted, allowing for confounding variables, such as subject, and interactions. The weal areas over all concentrations fitted "S" shaped curves with essentially straight central portions, parallel between materials, with differences between subjects but parallel within subjects. The dose response curves of P1 and D.pt. were coincident when the concentrations were adjusted to allow for differences in potency. The concentrations of allergen and histamine commonly used for standardisation purposes will give weals that can be plotted along a straight line, but at higher and lower concentrations the response will tail off. This accounts for previously ambiguous results. Standardisation of allergens using 10 mg/ml histamine is preferable to 1 mg/mg. PMID- 3207180 TI - Preparation of patient-related allergens for hyposensitization. Qualitative aspects. AB - An affinity chromatography method for preparation of patient-related antigens from commercially available allergen extracts has been investigated. IgG1,2,4 from a patient previously hyposensitized with dog hair and dandruff allergen was bound to protein A-sepharose. Secondly, commercial allergen extract was applied to the immunosorbent, and patient-related antigens were selectively absorbed by the specific antibodies from the patient serum. Finally, immune complexes containing antigen and IgG were eluted. Alternatively, the antigens alone were purified by retaining the IgG on the column by means of a covalent reinforcement of the protein A-IgG-binding. Purified, patient-related antigens were investigated in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and identity to IgG- and IgE binding antigens (as determined by the CRIE-technique) was suggested. The affinity purified IgG was unaltered with regard to protein A-binding, binding of antigen and affinity for monoclonal antibody to human IgG-subclasses. Further, it was demonstrated that the antigen-binding capacity of IgG in the immune complexes was intact as evidenced by strong affinity to antigens even at low pH. The antigens eluted together with IgG were predominantly found in immune complexes with a molecular weight of greater than 300 kdalton equivalent to 2 or more molecules of IgG. The possibility of employing a similar method with IgE instead of IgG for preparation of patient-related allergens instead of antigens, is discussed. PMID- 3207182 TI - Immediate and late phase allergic cutaneous reactions are not inducers of unspecific or specific local hyperreactivity. AB - The present study evaluates the possibility of allergen-induced unspecific and specific dermal hyperreactivity with special reference to the presence of late cutaneous reactions and allergen-induced nasal hyperreactivity. Twenty-six patients with strictly seasonal allergic rhinitis participated. All had a positive skin prick test for birch (Betula verrucosa) and/or timothy (Phleum pratense). Ten patients had previously displayed an allergen-induced nasal hyperreactivity and six patients a late cutaneous reaction. An initial skin prick test with a relevant pollen allergen was done in triplicate. The immediate skin reactions were recorded after 15 min and any late-phase reaction after 6 h. Twenty-four hours later the patients were retested. The same pollen allergen was sited in the first flare reaction from the previous day. A histamine prick test was sited in the weal as well as in the third reaction from day 1. A histamine control was also performed in a previously unaffected area. The allergen-induced weal reactions decreased significantly at rechallenge compared with the results from the previous day (P less than 0.05). The histamine tests resulted in similar skin reactions regardless of whether or not they were done on a previous allergen test site. This was true for both specific and unspecific reactions when the subgroups of patients with previously demonstrated allergen-induced nasal hyperreactivity or late-phase skin reactions were evaluated separately. These results indicate that allergen-induced hyperreactivity is not a general feature of allergic inflammation but is a phenomenon restricted to specific sites, such as the airway mucosa. PMID- 3207183 TI - Immuno-electronmicroscopic identification and localization of the antigenic proteins of tree pollen grains. AB - The localization of antigenic proteins on ultrathin sections of pollen grains represents an interesting approach to understanding the release mechanisms of these antigens when the pollen grains come in contact with various physiological fluids. Using different rabbit antibodies we have demonstrated the locations of these antigens in the various structures of pollen grains. We further demonstrated the cross-reactivities between alder (Alnus incana), birch (Betula verrucosa) and hazel (Corylus avellana) pollen allergens. Ultrathin sections of the pollen grains were prepared and allowed to react with two individually raised rabbit antibodies, (Ab-BV and Ab-ALK), against birch pollen. The sites of the Ag/Ab complex on the sections were labelled by protein A/gold, and identified in a transmission electron microscope. The two birch antibodies showed either quantitative or qualitative differences regarding their binding to various structures on the pollen sections. Using Ab-BV, the antigen-binding sites were located in the apertural region of the pollen grain and in the cytoplasm, while almost no gold labelling could be seen on the pollen surface. With the other antibodies (Ab-ALK), we could visualize the antigen-binding locations on the surface material of the pollen grains, particularly in the exine part of the wall and in the cytoplasm. A few gold particles could also be seen in the apertural region of the pollen. In hazel and alder pollen the exine part of the wall was the most densely labelled, whereas the cytoplasm and the aperture bound smaller numbers of gold particles. Cross-incubations: birch pollen incubated with antibodies against hazel (Ab-CA), or alder (Ab-AI), showed various intensities of gold labelling for each of the three species. Statistically, the differences in the number of gold particles bound per micron 2 grain section between birch, hazel and alder, were highly significant. The cross-reactivities between these antigens from the three pollen species were further tested using house-produced rabbit antisera against antigens of the three species by means of electrophoretic and autoradiographic techniques (CIE and CRIE). The three antibodies could precipitate the major IgE-binding antigen from all three pollen species. PMID- 3207184 TI - Plasma catecholamine levels in severe atopic eczema. AB - Free plasma catecholamines were measured by means of a standardized HPLC method in 41 adult patients with severe atopic eczema and in 18 healthy volunteers. The circulating norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in the atopic group (P less than 0.005), by contrast only slight differences were found in the epinephrine and dopamine concentrations. The possible mechanisms leading to these changes at concomitant normal DBH activities are discussed. PMID- 3207185 TI - Indomethacin and other NSAIDs do indeed modulate IgE-dependent late phase oedema in human skin. PMID- 3207186 TI - Is there an additional allergen in house dust? PMID- 3207187 TI - Anatomical studies in the hyoid region of the mouse in term of evolutional importance. AB - The mouse hyoid region was studied in detail in term of its evolutional importance. A pair of small pyramidal-shaped "epiphyseal cornua" wedged between the body and the caudal cornua. It is suggested that the epiphyseal cornu is an independent element of the hyoid bone, and that it is not homologous with the typical hypohyal in other mammals. Just ventral of the tympanic bulla, there was a stylohyal, on which the "paroccipito-styloideus" and "paroccipitostylohyoideus" muscles (appellations by the authors) were attached. Ossification of the hyoid bone began at the attachments of the hyoid muscles, which acted synergically in tongue movement or swallowing. It is suggested that the ossification is triggered by the mechanical stress of the muscles in tongue movement or swallowing. PMID- 3207188 TI - Effect of pyridoindole derivative (DH 1011) on late chick embryo-genesis. AB - The pyridoindole derivative (DH 1011), a new antiarrhythmic agent, and quinidine were examined for teratogenic and embryotoxic activity in chick embryos. The tested substance was injected into egg albumen on incubation days 5, 6 or 7 in doses of 0.4, 0.8 or 1.6 mg per egg. All embryos were examined on day 19. A significantly decreased survival rate of embryos was recorded only after the dose of 1.6 mg DH 1011 per egg administered on incubation day 5. Correlation between body and heart weight was found in all surviving embryos after administration of each agent on incubation days 5 and 6. Chondrodystrophy was the major deformity in chick embryos treated on incubation day 5. The results of this investigation suggest that neither quinidine nor DH 1011 have adverse effects on the late embryonal development of chickens. PMID- 3207189 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the thymus of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius). AB - The thymus of young camels contained 2 main cell types: lymphocytes and epithelial reticular cells (ER). 3 types of ER cells were observed and described. 2 types from these cells showed secretory activities, meanwhile, the third type had well developed tonofilaments. Hassall's corpuscles were noted in the medulla and were composed of degenerative concentrically arranged ER cells. The functional morphology of the above mentioned structures was discussed. PMID- 3207190 TI - [Glycogen in the fetal intestinal epithelium]. AB - In the phase of differentiated epithelium the well-known phenomenon of glycogen incorporation in the supra- and infranuclear cytoplasm of the villous enterocytes was verified. Contrary to the role of glycan in the production of pentoses for the biosynthesis of nucleic acid in embryonic cells (Sasse 1968), which display a high rate of metabolism and proliferation, this enormous glycogen store is evidently of very little functional significance. It seems to be an expression of a disordered glycogenolysis. These masses of glycogen are incorporated into impressive glycogenosomes, which are the predominate cytoplasmic inclusion for a short period of time. According to the present results it is not certain whether lysosomal glycogenolysis takes place. There is no morphological or functional evidence for a reutilization of glycogen. PMID- 3207191 TI - Anomalous fascicle and high origin of latissimus dorsi compensating for absence of serratus anterior. AB - The unilateral absence of the right serratus anterior muscle was found in a 78 year old white male subject. In addition, on the same side, a high origin (5th thoracic level) of latissimus dorsi with an accessory muscle fascicle which covered the inferior angle of the scapula and fused with teres major and with the deep fascia of infraspinatus was also found. The structural arrangement suggests that the absence of serratus anterior was compensated for by the anomalous latissimus dorsi. PMID- 3207192 TI - Dysdifferentiation of neural crest cells by temperature in newborn mice. AB - Multiple neural crest tumors, hyperplasia, excessive cell proliferation, the cell death of neural crest cells and melanin pigmentation occurred in newborn mice injected intraperitoneally with heated deionized water. It is thought that these phenomena may not only be associated with the protein denaturation of the membrane structure in the neural crest cells, but also with temperature dependent changes of lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions, particularly changes of the mobility of proteins, and that may be a reflection of thermodynamic decrease in entropy that occurs during differentiation. PMID- 3207193 TI - [The tongue as a factor in craniofacial growth. 2. The influence of the width dimension of the lower jaw]. AB - The role played by the tongue in orofacial growth is also indicated by the reduced width of the lower jaw. In miniature pigs MINI-LEWE that were partially glossectomized at an age of 12 weeks lateral growth of the whole lower jaw was reduced after eight months. In animals that had been glossectomized at an age of six weeks lateral growth of the lower jaw was reduced in the region of the 1st deciduous molars and the canines right months after glossectomy. PMID- 3207194 TI - [Osteotomy healing of the lower jaw and the adaptation of the masticatory muscles after miniplate osteosynthesis in rabbits. II. Response pattern of the masticatory muscles (M. masseter)]. AB - 16 operated 4 control animals of both sexes were included in the study following osteotomy of the lower jaw and subsequent miniplate osteosynthesis. In addition, muscle tissue excised from 8 rabbits was evaluated at the time of the operation as additional normal material. The study was conducted over 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks, after which periods the animals were killed and their left and right masseters examined and compared in histological, histochemical and morphometric terms. The masticatory muscles of the control rabbits displayed a marked sex dimorphism. The males had strikingly large, predominantly type-2 fibres, whereas the fibre diameters in the females were found to differ less clearly, with type-1 fibres being predominant. In terms of muscle regeneration, it was found that following soft-part trauma small localized defects (biopsy) had healed completely after 12 weeks. In the residual parenchyma, signs of adaptation to a changed mastication as a result of the experimental operation (osteotomy of the lower jaw, miniplate osteosynthesis, muscle biopsy) could be identified. Atrophy as a result of non-use was found to occur to a limited extent, whereas the number of type-2C fibres and fibre type transformations were raised significantly. After the surgery, the organization of the impaired muscle fibres was aided by a stabilization and rest positioning of the parts concerned. The muscle fibres reinnervation that followed was supported by functional exercise and nerve impulses. PMID- 3207195 TI - Human seminal transferrin: correlation with seminal and hormonal parameters. AB - Transferrin (TF) concentrations were assessed in semen from 10 fertile controls and 79 infertile patients by a radioimmunoassay method. A positive correlation between seminal TF concentration and sperm count was found in the whole sample of patients and within the control group. A statistically significant difference was found between azoospermic and severely oligospermic patients and all the others. No correlation was found with other seminal parameters or hormonal values. PMID- 3207196 TI - Artificial insemination using fresh donor semen. AB - Four hundred and forty couples were treated by artificial insemination using fresh donor semen. The main indication was azoospermia. The overall pregnancy rate was 84.9% resulting in 287 take-home babies. The rate of ectopic pregnancies, perinatal deaths and spontaneous abortions were comparable to the general population. The accumulating pregnancy rate within 5 months was 86.8. Women older than 35 years had similar pregnancy rates than younger patients. Socioeconomic class, length of infertility and ovulatory disturbances either before or during treatment affected significantly the pregnancy rates. PMID- 3207197 TI - Free and bound sialic acid in rat and hamster epididymal fluid. AB - Total, free and bound sialic acid concentrations were determined in sperm-free luminal fluid removed by micropuncture from different regions of the rat and hamster epididymides. In the rat, total sialic acid concentrations (mean +/- s.e.m.) in the proximal caput, the mid corpus and the proximal cauda were, respectively, 25.7 +/- 1.3, 23.9 +/- 1.7 and 28.8 +/- 1.9 mM compared to 4.4 +/- 0.1 mM in blood plasma. In the hamster, total sialic acid concentrations in the distal corpus, the proximal cauda and the distal cauda were, respectively, 32.9 +/- 3.8, 26.4 +/- 1.4 and 26.6 +/- 3.2 mM compared to 4.7 +/- 0.5 mM in blood plasma. Free sialic acid accounted for approximately 70-80% of total sialic acid present in the epididymal plasma of the rat. Similarly, 82% of sialic acid in the rat blood plasma was in free form. The levels of free and bound sialic acid were not changed in different regions of the rat epididymis. Unilateral ligation of the rat efferent ducts had no effect on total, free or bound sialic acid concentrations in all regions except in the proximal cauda in which a transient increase (P less than 0.01) in free sialic acid was observed on Day-3 after EDL. PMID- 3207198 TI - Ultrastructural morphometric data of human spermatozoa. AB - A morphometric study of the volumetric parameters of human spermatozoa has been carried out, volume densities being obtained by point counting and converted to absolute volumes by employing the point-sampled intercept method. Data for the Spermatozoa from the semen of 15 recently fertile men are presented. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to results obtained by other methods and in relation to the building of a diagnostic reference database. PMID- 3207199 TI - Metabolism of round spermatids in the rat: effect of gossypol on the glucose transport. AB - Low dose of gossypol (5 microM) completely inhibited uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by rat spermatids. With gossypol 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport into spermatids increased curvelinearly for 10 minutes after the start of incubation, but reached a plateau afterwards, whereas without gossypol it continuously increased. The levels of fructose-1,6-bis-phosphate (FBP) and ATP were inversely correlated when the cells were exposed to glucose. However, in the presence of gossypol the levels of ATP and FBP decreased simultaneously. In addition, gossypol at 10 microM stimulated oxygen consumption when lactate was present. These results suggest that gossypol probably inhibits glucose transport into spermatids by lowering the ATP level by uncoupling respiratory chain-linked phosphorylation. PMID- 3207200 TI - [Andrological findings in adolescents with retractile testis]. AB - Approximately between 9 and 19 years of age 28 adolescents with one and 26 with both retractile testicles were andrologically examined and followed up. Retractile gonads during puberty often remained of subnormal size with the long axis shorter than 34 mm. In both groups in 50 to 60% of cases low sperm values were ascertained. The findings of azoospermia were only sporadic. In 40 cases a repeated examination of ejaculates after longer intervals was carried out. It was found that sperm values remained mostly on the level of the first examination which was performed in the majority of cases in the same year with the first emission of semen or in the following year. A more pronounced amelioration of sperm findings was ascertained only in about 12% of cases. PMID- 3207201 TI - The importance of fixatives for detection a carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) in testicular tissue. AB - To demonstrate the essential importance of fixatives to detect CIS pattern in testicular tissue parts of a testis with intratubular seminoma cells, which were identified by semithin sections in a testicular biopsy of a subfertile patient, were fixed with 4% formaldehyde solution resp. with Bouin's solution for paraffin sections and with 5.5% glutaraldehyde phosphate buffer for semithin sections. Whereas the diagnosis unequivocally could be established by semithin sections the diagnosis was doubtful using material fixed with Bouin's solution and overlooked when the material was fixed with 4% formaldehyde solution. PMID- 3207202 TI - Comparative study of two computerized semen motility analyzers. AB - Semen analysis is one of the primary tests carried out to investigate the infertile male. Subjective evaluation of semen is often prone to observer bias and error. To eliminate this, a number of computerized semen analyzers have recently been introduced into the market and we have evaluated two of the more popular models, the Cell Soft Semen Analyzer and the Hamilton Thorn Motility Analyzer (HTM 2000). The Cell Soft identifies sperm on the basis of user defined values for cell size and luminosity whereas the Hamilton Thorn identifies sperm by motility, and then applies the computer-calculated average size and luminosity of all moving objects to non moving sperm cells. Semen samples from 25 normal donors and 25 subfertile patients were analyzed using these two models of computerized semen analyzers, and also by an experienced technician using both the Makler chamber and the hemocytometer. The results obtained from the two automated analyzers were compared with those obtained by subjective evaluation. Variation in sperm count and motility were analyzed according to the sperm density. Four groups, less than 30 million/ml with debris, less than 30 million/ml, 30-50 million/ml, and greater than 50 million/ml were studied. The majority of patients fit into the first two groups. We observed that the HTM 2000 is superior to the Cell Soft in evaluating sperm count within the patient population group. For our donor population with an average sperm count of greater than 85 million/ml both systems provide extremely accurate counts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207203 TI - 17-a-OH-progesterone to testosterone plasma ratios and their modification after HCG in normal men and in patients with idiopathic infertility. AB - We have investigated on eventual relationships existing in men between plasma levels of 17-a-OH-Progesterone (17-a-OH-P) and, plasma levels of Testosterone (T) and on the modifications of these relationships after stimulation of the testicles by HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin). An inverse correlation exists between basal plasma levels of the two steroids and their delta max (%max increase 96 h after the injection of 5000 I.U. of hCG): r = -06, p 0.01. This suggests that the enzymatic steps of the delta -4 steroidogenic pathway are rate limiting for the synthesis of T. The delta max of the two-steroids are also inversely correlated with the circulating levels of LH (Luteinizing Hormone) (r = -05, -06; p less than 0.01) suggesting that the rate-limiting activity of the delta 4 pathway is under endogenous LH control. A desensitized state of this pathway can be expected in presence of high circulating levels of LH. Similarly to LH also the FSH plasma levels, an index of function of the seminiferous tubules, are inversely correlated with the 17-a-OH-P and T delta max (r = -0.4, 05; p 0.005) indicating close relationships between tubular and interstitial functions. In men with idiopathic oligozoospermia and high circulating levels of FSH we have found increased 17-a-OH-P/T ratios after hCG. PMID- 3207204 TI - A case report: obstruction at the colliculus seminalis. PMID- 3207206 TI - Yield of stool cultures, ova and parasite tests, and Clostridium difficile determinations in nosocomial diarrheas. AB - Stool cultures for bacterial pathogens, ova and parasites, and Clostridium difficile are usually ordered for patients with nosocomial diarrhea. In the interest of cost containment we undertook an 18-month retrospective study to assess the cost/benefit of performing each of these three tests. During the study period nosocomial diarrhea developed in 118 patients. Of 452 bacterial stool cultures ordered, only one was positive for Campylobacter jejuni and none for ova and parasites. However, of 126 cultures examined for C. difficile, 47 showed positive results. We conclude that bacterial stool culture and ova and parasite identification are not indicated for patients with nosocomial diarrhea. Elimination of these unnecessary stool tests (bacterial/ova and parasite) would have saved the hospital approximately +7530 in the 18-month study period. PMID- 3207205 TI - Balano-preputial separation as an external sign of puberty in the rat: correlation with histologic testicular data. AB - In order to correlate the date of balano-preputial separation (BPS) with the testicular development, twenty four rats were selected from an experimental design focused on the effects of pituitary grafts on puberty. Animals that presented BPS at an early age, showed a smaller volume of the seminiferous epithelium and a lower spermatogenic level than that presented BPS at a more advanced age. These data indicate that the advancement in BPS induced by pituitary grafts was not in keeping with an equivalent enhancement of testicular development. PMID- 3207207 TI - Protecting public health in U.S. jails: a call for the development of guidelines for managing communicable disease outbreaks. PMID- 3207208 TI - AIDS, attitudes, and infection control. PMID- 3207209 TI - Postdoctoral nursing education in infection control: program description. AB - The need to identify and evaluate those clinical practices that are efficacious in reducing risk of nosocomial infection is clear. A model of large-scale programmatic evaluation is the Study of the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control. Other important clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of practices such as closed urinary drainage and management of intravascular lines and the ineffectiveness of such practices as double bagging and routine gowning in the newborn nursery. Clearly, research is one essential way to direct practice in infection control. It is our goal that the Johnson & Johnson/SURGIKOS Postdoctoral Nursing Fellows in Infection Control will make a significant contribution to the knowledge base in the specialty. The need for collaboration by government, industry, and academia in addressing health care research needs has been recently emphasized. We also believe that this Program can serve as one model for such a collaborative effort. PMID- 3207210 TI - The last word. PMID- 3207211 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea--an orthodontic concern. AB - A description of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and its many ramifications, with a case report on the diagnosis and treatment of a patient whose condition was relieved by orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3207213 TI - Buccal separators for relief of TMJ pain and symptoms. AB - A case report and extended discussion of a simple technique that is effective in relieving TMJ symptoms in some cases. The many questions raised by the clinical response to insertion of separators between some buccal teeth demonstrate the complexity of TMJ problems and the limitations of present understanding. PMID- 3207212 TI - Developmental effects of impaired breathing in the face of the growing child. AB - Craniofacial morphology and occlusal pattern are evaluated in 71 subjects having impaired breathing as diagnosed by an otolaryngologist, and in an equal number of controls. The impaired group demonstrate characteristic combinations of craniofacial deformities and malocclusions, with the younger individuals demonstrating a lesser expression of malocclusion progression and morphologic deformities. This suggests that early recognition of such facial patterns may be utilized to identify those breathing compromised individuals who have a likely tendency to develop certain types of malocclusion. PMID- 3207214 TI - Three-dimensional radiographic evaluation of condyle poles in "closed-lock" syndrome. AB - A radiographic study of 39 cases of "closed-lock" syndrome using three radiographic projections, finding approximately equal involvement of medial and lateral poles in long-standing cases. PMID- 3207215 TI - Orthodontic treatment, dental health, and oral health behavior in young Norwegian adults. AB - Information about previous orthodontic treatment and oral health is evaluated for 525 17 yr-olds and 175 21 yr-olds. Of these, 24.6% of the 17 yr-olds and 14.3% of the 21 yr-olds had received orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment did not appear to have had any adverse effect on the level of periodontal disease, and caries prevalence in the orthodontically treated 17 yr-olds was less than in the untreated subjects. PMID- 3207216 TI - Porcine malignant hyperthermia carrier detection and chromosomal assignment using a linked probe. AB - In pigs, the gene for glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) is linked to the halothane (HAL) gene which is responsible for malignant hyperthermia (MH). A single copy DNA probe, designated GPI8R, has been isolated from a pig genomic library using a porcine GPI cDNA probe. This probe detects, as was the case for the cDNA probe, a five allele polymorphism in SacI and PvuII digested pig DNA. Family studies show that this polymorphism is linked to the HAL locus and hence can be used in carrier detection. In situ hybridization with GPI8R assigned the GPI locus to bands p12-q22 of chromosome 6. We conclude that the HAL linkage group resides on chromosome 6. PMID- 3207217 TI - Genetics and development of ocular oxidases in the mouse: evidence for a new locus (Eox-1) closely linked with the aldehyde oxidase loci on chromosome 1. AB - Isoelectric focusing (IEF) and histochemical techniques were used to examine the genetics, postnatal development and biochemical properties of ocular oxidases (EOXs) among inbred strains of mice. The designation as EOX was made on a provisional basis, since the 'natural' substrate(s) for this enzyme have not been identified. Five major forms were resolved from adult animals, which exhibited high activity in murine lens and low activity in the cornea. An additional ocular oxidase was observed in neonatal animals. Genetic analyses demonstrated that one of these enzymes (EOX-1) is encoded by a locus (Eox-1) which is closely linked with, but distinct from, the aldehyde oxidase (Aox) gene complex on chromosome one of the mouse. These results support the proposal that ocular oxidases are distinct from the major liver AOXs in this organism. PMID- 3207218 TI - Genetic polymorphism of plasma alpha 1 B-glycoprotein and transferrin in arctic and silver foxes. AB - Plasma samples of 235 foxes from 38 complete families (14 of arctic foxes, 21 of silver foxes and 3 with arctic x silver fox hybrid offspring) were analysed by one-dimensional horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) pH 9.0 followed by general-protein staining of gels. A major postalbumin of fox plasma was identified as alpha 1B-glycoprotein (alpha 1B) by using immunoblotting with antiser m specific to human or pig plasma alpha 1B. Four codominant, autosomal alleles of alpha 1B were found in arctic foxes. Two transferrin (TF) alleles (TfF, TfS) were observed in arctic foxes and two (TfD, Tff) in silver foxes; the TF F type of both of the fox species showed identical electrophoretic mobilities. The arctic foxes showed a high degree of polymorphism for both TF and alpha 1B. The silver foxes showed a scarce polymorphism of TF and were monomorphic for alpha 1B. The arctic fox, silver fox and their hybrids could be clearly differentiated from one another by their plasma protein patterns obtained by the PAGE method. PMID- 3207219 TI - Kinetics of the Hb A to Hb C switch and erythropoietin plasma levels in sheep. AB - The induction of Hb A (alpha 2 beta A2) and Hb C (alpha 2 beta C2) synthesis in three adult sheep has been sequentially analysed, in relation to the reduction of the haematocrit (Ht) and to the changes of erythropoietin (Epo) concentration in plasma. Hb A production is detected in peripheral reticulocytes when the Ht approaches 70% of its initial value in correspondence with the first rise of EPO plasma level, whereas HB C synthesis appears when the Ht is further reduced to about 50%, at an Epo concentration two to three times higher. The assumption that the cell committed to HB C synthesis is close to the erythroid colony-forming unit (CFU-e) progenitor is also discussed. PMID- 3207220 TI - Genetic variation in the blood of llamas, Llama glama, and alpacas, Llama pacos. AB - Blood samples of llamas and alpacas were typed using haemolytic, electrophoretic and isoelectric focusing procedures to assay polymorphism at 13 loci. Blood group variation was assessed using six antibody specificities produced by allo- and heteroimmunizations. Two red cell factors (A and B) behave as autosomal, codominant alleles at a closed A locus. The other four factors (C, D, E and F) behave as autosomal, dominant traits. Biochemical variation was found for red cell enzymes catalase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose phosphate isomerase and for plasma proteins transferrin and post-albumin. No variants were found for haemoglobin, phosphoglucomutase and albumin. Estimates of probability of exclusion were 0.883 for llamas and 0.681 for alpacas, which are adequate initial levels of efficacy for purposes of parentage verification. Preliminary estimate of Nei's genetic distance measure (D) suggests that llamas and alpacas are more likely related as subspecies than as separate species. PMID- 3207221 TI - Polymorphism and genetic control of erythrocyte 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the genus Cervus. AB - A study of 11 enzyme systems in blood samples of Cervus dama, C. elaphus, C. nippon and hybrids C. elaphus X nippon has revealed an erythrocyte 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase polymorphism in the hybrid populations. Genetic analysis suggests that this enzyme is controlled by one gene locus with two codominant alleles, one specific for pure Japanese sika deer, the other for pure red deer as well as for fallow deer, while both alleles have been found in the red X sika hybrids. PMID- 3207223 TI - VI International Food Allergy Symposium. November 13-14, 1987, Boston. Proceedings. PMID- 3207222 TI - Transferrin (Tf) polymorphism in wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. AB - Evidence for two new alleles (TfC and TfD) at the transferrin locus (Tf) in wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, is presented. Blood samples were collected in Continental Portugal (178 individuals), and in the Azores Islands of Terceira (52) and S. Miguel (59). The frequency of TfA, which is the only allele detected up to now in domestic rabbits, varied from 0.20 +/- 0.13 to 0.95 +/- 0.05 in the populations sampled in Continental Portugal. In the island populations sampled the frequency of TfA was greater than 0.8. PMID- 3207224 TI - Gastrointestinal uptake of polypeptide fragments of food protein. PMID- 3207225 TI - Injection immunotherapy trial in inhalant food allergy. PMID- 3207226 TI - Natural history of food allergy. PMID- 3207227 TI - [Relation of the fall in PO2 in ventilation of the lower lung in pulmonary surgery and the preoperative distribution of respiratory function]. AB - Hypoxaemia during one-lung ventilation is influenced by the anatomic distribution of lung perfusion and hypoxic vasoconstriction. This study aimed to assess whether preoperative selective bronchospirometry could predict the degree of peroperative hypoxaemia. Twelve patients scheduled for pneumonectomy, lobectomy, wedge resection or decortication were included in the study. Preoperative data included the usual spirometric parameters, oxygen consumption, minute ventilation of each lung and arterial blood gases. A Carlens or Robertshaw tube was inserted in each case; the patients were ventilated with 100% oxygen and halothane was used for anaesthesia. Blood gases were measured during surgery before and after upper lung exclusion. When both lungs were ventilated, mean PaO2 was 390.5 +/- 92.4 mmHg; during one-lung ventilation, it fell to 210.8 +/- 109.2 mmHg. Routine spirometry could not predict the magnitude of fall in PaO2; however, it was correlated with the bronchospirometric oxygen consumption of each lung (r = 0.83; p less than 0.01). The anatomical distribution of lung perfusion seemed to be the predominant factor influencing the decrease in PaO2 during one-lung ventilation. PMID- 3207228 TI - [Humidification of the respiratory tract in anesthesia]. AB - The upper airways humidify, warm and purify the air breathed in. When these are bypassed by an endotracheal intubation catheter, cold dry air goes straight to the bronchi; this leads to local and generalized changes, which are all the more pronounced the longer the intubation lasts. Drying of the tracheobronchial mucosa leads to an early decrease in mucus production, with an increase in its viscosity, a progressive arrest of ciliary function with, finally, a destruction of the vibratory cilia. These lesions create a build-up of thick mucus which hinders humidification of the gas flow and increases bronchial resistances. The disturbed VA/Q relationship leads to a decreased secretion of surfactant. The usual loss of water by way of the lungs is about 30 mg.l-1 of air. Evaporation of this water uses up calories. Most authors suggest that, so as to compensate for the heat and water loss, inhaled gases should be warmed to between 25 and 30 degrees C and be saturated with water to 100%, i.e. 23-30 mg water per litre of air. The water and heat loss can be reduced by using either partial or total rebreathing of expired gases, or a device for heat and moisture exchange, or a humidifier. The most efficient circuits are those which include a soda lime canister. They can be made even more efficient by using different devices. Although this humidification is sufficient for large tidal volumes and a surrounding temperature greater than 22 degrees C, it is not enough for Bain's circuit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207229 TI - [Oral dantrolene in a parturient with myotonic dystrophy and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia]. AB - A 33 year old woman, with myotonia atrophica and a known susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, presented during her second pregnancy with multiple episodes of hyperthermia. They were associated with a rapid rise in the serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level, and not with infection or a myotonic crisis. Because of the obstetric conditions, caesarean section was planned. Preoperative oral dantrolene was used as prophylaxis. Six days after the start of this treatment, CPK and serum myoglobin levels were back within the normal range. There were no side-effects for the mother nor for the foetus. There were no further increases in either CPK or serum myoglobin levels during surgery or afterwards, but the rectal temperature remained markedly raised for 48 h after the delivery. Oral dantrolene was given during the first nine postoperative days. The occurrence of episodes of high fever during pregnancy linked to MHS and myotonia atrophica is discussed, as well as the anaesthetic management of such a patient. Side-effects of dantrolene for the mother or the foetus are also considered, especially as foetal levels of this drug would seem not to reach therapeutic levels. It would appear interesting to measure maternal dantrolene blood levels, especially if high doses are administered, to avoid reaching therapeutic levels in the foetus. PMID- 3207230 TI - [Crush injury of the lower limbs. Use of anti-shock trousers]. AB - A case of lower limb crush injury is reported. A 16 year old female sustained severe soft tissue, muscle, skeletal and vascular lesions during a road traffic accident. She rapidly presented with severe haemorrhagic shock due to a popliteal arterial injury. At the scene, massive vascular loading by emergency physicians using both colloids and group O negative packed red cells was not enough to improve the haemodynamic state, even though there was adequate control of the bleeding artery. The pneumatic antishock trousers were therefore used despite the severe injuries to the legs, with rapid improvement of the haemodynamic parameters. By using bilateral femoral nerve blocks, the limb fractures were reduced rapidly; this decreased ischaemic time and allowed correct placement of the garment. Although the left leg was amputated above the knee, the postoperative course was uneventful. The authors insist on the important part such early management at the scene plays in preventing acute post-traumatic renal failure. PMID- 3207231 TI - [Isolated rupture of the left main-stem bronchus during intubation with a Carlens tube]. AB - A case is reported of bronchial rupture due to a Carlens double-lumen tube. A 73 year old male patient was to undergo a double right lower and middle lobectomy for carcinoma. All went well and as expected until 20 min after the start of left sided unilateral ventilation by way of the double-lumen tube. A sudden increase in the inspiratory pressures led to the discovery, first, of a leak around the cuff, and then, air bubbles in the mediastinum. Surgical exploration showed up the 4 cm long rupture in the pars membrana of the left main bronchus through which the cuff was herniating. The patient was reintubated and the rupture surgically repaired. The right upper lobe had not been ventilated for 45 min and there were signs of micro-atelectasia. The immediate postoperative course was rather stormy, with severe cardiac failure, recurring right upper lobe atelectasia and bilateral pulmonary infection. The patient was only definitely weaned from the respirator 40 days after the surgical incident. Although such complications with double-lumen tubes are rare, they must be recognized and surgically repaired very rapidly. A few simple rules to prevent these complications are discussed. PMID- 3207232 TI - [Post-traumatic cerebral fat embolism]. AB - A seventeen year old boy sustained pelvic, femoral shaft and malleolar fractures in a road traffic accident. Six hours after admission, the patient became comatose (Glasgow coma score = 7); the coma worsened such that, 24 h later, the coma score was 4. Petechiae were present on the conjunctiva and anterior chest wall. Computed tomography revealed diffuse brain swelling. The diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism was made. There were multiple episodes of severe intracranial hypertension. After 23 days of traction, the femoral fracture was internally fixed. The patient returned home after five months of hospital, with just a few memory and writing problems. Ten months after the accident, magnetic resonance imaging showed a small ventricular dilatation due to subcortical atrophy. Residual ischaemic lesions and demyelination could be seen in the right centrum ovale and temporal lobe. The cerebral lesions contrast with the reversibility of the clinical state. PMID- 3207233 TI - [Perforation of the pulmonary artery during the insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter]. AB - An accidental rupture of the pulmonary artery in a 77 year old female patient is reported. She was admitted for total mastectomy, but her past medical history revealed an old myocardial infarct, treated arterial hypertension and asthma. She was under heparin as well for her varicose veins. Her clinical examination revealed a patient in mild chronic heart failure. It was therefore decided to carry out invasive monitoring during surgery and the recovery period. A Swan-Ganz catheter was put up. Its progression was controlled by looking at the pressure curves. Several attempts were made to obtain a wedge pressure, with no success. During these attempts, the patient developed a cough followed by massive haemoptysis. Despite adequate resuscitative measures, the patient died before a surgical procedure could be attempted. Postmortem examination showed the rupture to be 9 cm away from the origin of the pulmonary artery. This unfortunate accident confirmed that the following three factors, all present in this patient, should call for extreme care in the setting-up of Swan-Ganz catheters: age greater than 60 years, pulmonary arterial hypertension and anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 3207234 TI - [Blood histamine and early retrospective diagnosis of anaphylactic shock]. PMID- 3207235 TI - [Calculation of the blood volume to be removed for intentional normovolemic hemodilution]. AB - Intentional haemodilution is more and more frequently used. Although it is a simple technique, it can only be carried out with a maximum of safety if the operator has an idea of the amount of blood that needs to be removed to obtain the required haematocrit value. Several methods have been suggested, using more or less complex calculations, or nomogrammes. A new simple rule is presented here which gives an estimation of the amount of blood to be removed in three steps: 1) the theoretical total blood volume (VS), according to weight, height and sex of the patient, 2) the ratio (R) between the initial and required final haematocrit, and 3) the volume of blood to be removed (Vp) according to VS and R. A mono compartment model with identical inflow and outflow was used. A multicentre trial with 229 haemodilutions showed that the volume removed (mean = 1,325 ml; SD = 642 ml) was 15% less than the calculated volume (mean = 1,526 ml; SD = 561 ml). No one factor was found to explain this difference. The haematocrit values obtained by microcentrifuge were compared with those obtained by a laboratory automatic counter. The mean of the differences was 0.002 (SD = 0.029). Because of the possible errors involved in estimating the total blood volume and the haematocrit before dilution, it is essential that the haematocrit be checked at least once during the haemodilution. PMID- 3207236 TI - [Is the prevention of peranesthetic malignant hyperthermia with dantrolene justified?]. PMID- 3207237 TI - [Carotido-esophageal fistula: an unusual complication of nasogastric intubation?]. PMID- 3207238 TI - [Cerebral hernia on top of pre-existing intracranial hypertension during anaphylactoid reaction to phenoperidine]. PMID- 3207239 TI - [Facial paralysis after general anesthesia]. PMID- 3207240 TI - [Knot formation at the intravascular extremity of a venous catheter with long metallic mandrel]. PMID- 3207241 TI - [Sudden death of a young adult and right ventricular cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3207242 TI - Board studies progress of COAR, RCT plan. PMID- 3207243 TI - Know how to deal with professional incidents. PMID- 3207244 TI - Speaker urges nurses to move health agenda. PMID- 3207245 TI - Nursing reps study specialty certification. PMID- 3207246 TI - AMA Board vote calls for four RCT pilot projects. PMID- 3207247 TI - Many nursing groups unite to resolve nursing shortage. PMID- 3207248 TI - Nurses and friends say no to RCT proposal. PMID- 3207249 TI - Open letter to educators: 'Refuse to train RCTs'. PMID- 3207250 TI - Exxon backs publication on nurses fighting AIDS. PMID- 3207252 TI - Advances in neuroimmunology. Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Neuroimmunology. Philadelphia, September 8-11, 1987. PMID- 3207251 TI - Individual monitoring for intakes of radionuclides by workers: design and interpretation. A report of a Task Group of Committee 4 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. PMID- 3207253 TI - Brain transplantation in genetic analysis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. PMID- 3207254 TI - Quantitation of IgG subclasses in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3207255 TI - Gene activation during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Cloning of new cDNAs. PMID- 3207256 TI - Bone marrow cells in multiple sclerosis. A functional and phenotypic study. PMID- 3207258 TI - Thymopoietin: a marker of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 3207257 TI - Autoantibodies in serum and CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3207259 TI - Immunoglobulin G (IgG) localization during acute autoimmune demyelination. PMID- 3207260 TI - A 70-kd polypeptide secreted by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that suppresses proliferation of a human glioblastoma cell line. PMID- 3207261 TI - Isolation of human lymphocyte cell lines reactive with whole human myelin. PMID- 3207262 TI - Complement allotyping explains MHC associations in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3207263 TI - Neuropathy and monoclonal IgM M-protein with antibody activity against gangliosides. PMID- 3207264 TI - Clonal restriction of complement-fixing antineural antibodies in the Guillain Barre syndrome. PMID- 3207266 TI - Antibody for nerve growth factor detected in patients with Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3207265 TI - Terminal complement complexes (SC5b-9) in cerebrospinal fluid in autoimmune nervous system diseases. PMID- 3207267 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity in cultured glial cells. Correlation with appearance of myelin markers and effects of steroid hormones. PMID- 3207268 TI - Cloning of cDNA for two large polypeptides found in myelinating oligodendrocytes. PMID- 3207269 TI - A peanut agglutinin binding glycoprotein in CNS myelin and oligodendrocytes. AB - We isolated and characterized a 120-kd PNA-binding polypeptide from the human CNS. This polypeptide is linked to membranes through a PI linkage. After release from membranes by PLC it measures 105 kd, 30 kd of which appear to be contributed by N-linked carbohydrates. We isolated the polypeptide by the use of PLC and PNA affinity chromatography and used it to raise polyclonal antibodies and to determine the N-terminal sequence. Immunohistochemical and immunochemical studies using these antibodies showed that 120 kdpp is present in both myelin and oligodendrocytes. PMID- 3207270 TI - Cells proliferating in vitro to local brain injury are primarily of hematic origin and differ from those associated with anterograde degeneration. AB - (a) The PR elicited by excitotoxic destruction of intrinsic neurons in the CN has a rapid onset, peaks within 2 weeks, and persists indefinitely; (b) the majority of the proliferating cells are not intrinsic to the CNS but are of hematic origin; (c) a small mirror-image response is seen in the contralateral CN; (d) the proliferating response in anterogradely degenerating terminals in SN differs in time course, magnitude, and phenotypically from that initiated by direct neuronal loss. We conclude that the majority of proliferating cells at the site of selective neuronal injury in brain are of hematic origin in contrast to that initiated during anterograde degeneration, which consists primarily of intrinsic cells of brain (glia). PMID- 3207271 TI - Interactions of astroglia-derived factors with hippocampal neurons. PMID- 3207272 TI - Changes in astrocyte extracellular matrix with differentiation and after contact with neurites. PMID- 3207273 TI - Antisera to an axolemma-enriched fraction have antiaxon and antimyelin effects in vitro. PMID- 3207275 TI - Antineuronal autoantibodies in neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes. PMID- 3207274 TI - Insulin-like growth factor-I stimulates regeneration of oligodendrocytes in vitro. PMID- 3207276 TI - Mammalian reovirus receptor expression by oligodendrocytes. PMID- 3207277 TI - Lesion-induced changes of astrocyte morphology and protein expression in rat optic nerve. PMID- 3207278 TI - Autoantibody reactive integral membrane antigens of thymocytes and brain. PMID- 3207280 TI - Functional implications of class I MHC modulation in neural tissue. PMID- 3207279 TI - Expression of class II antigens on peripheral nerve allografts. PMID- 3207281 TI - MHC-dependent neural allograft rejection. PMID- 3207282 TI - MHC association between antistriational antibody-negative myasthenia gravis in the Chinese. PMID- 3207283 TI - Antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor also in nonmyasthenic autoimmune disease. PMID- 3207284 TI - Specific suppression of the antibody response to acetylcholine receptor in vitro and in vivo by daunomycin-acetylcholine receptor conjugates. PMID- 3207285 TI - Treatment of experimental allergic myasthenia gravis with a new immunosuppressant: 15-deoxyspergualin. PMID- 3207286 TI - Sindbis virus neutralization. PMID- 3207287 TI - Long-term follow-up study of relapse in symptoms and reelevation of acetylcholine receptor antibody titers in patients with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3207288 TI - Lymphocyte subsets after stroke. PMID- 3207289 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus gp120 and p24 oligoclonal antibody in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cerebrospinal fluid and sera. PMID- 3207290 TI - Intrathecal synthesis of anti-HIV oligoclonal IgG in HIV-seropositive patients having no signs of HIV-induced neurologic diseases. PMID- 3207291 TI - Intrathecal immunity in 37 patients seropositive for anti-HIV-1 antibody. PMID- 3207292 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid changes in HIV-1 infection. PMID- 3207293 TI - An AIDS virus-associated antigen localized in human fetal brain. PMID- 3207294 TI - Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated brain lesions. A neuropathologic evaluation. PMID- 3207295 TI - HTLV-I myelitis: isolation of virus, genomic analysis, and infection in neural cell cultures. PMID- 3207296 TI - Borna disease. An immunopathologic response to viral infection in the CNS. PMID- 3207297 TI - Suppression of anaphylactic shock by enkephalins. PMID- 3207298 TI - Somatotropin and prolactin enhance respiratory burst activity of macrophages. PMID- 3207299 TI - Effect of sound stress on the migration of prethymic stem cells. PMID- 3207300 TI - Neuroendocrine regulation of immune parameters. Photoperiod control of the spleen in Syrian hamsters. PMID- 3207301 TI - Sympathectomy augments the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. PMID- 3207302 TI - Presence and distribution of nervous system-associated mast cells that may modulate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PMID- 3207303 TI - Genetic regulation of susceptibility and severity of demyelination. PMID- 3207304 TI - Aspirin and secondary bleeding after traumatic hyphema. PMID- 3207305 TI - Epithelial inclusion cysts after radial keratotomy. AB - Two patients underwent bilateral radial keratotomy procedures and developed epithelial inclusion cysts as a postoperative complication. Metal blades were used for the corneal incisions; this might be related to the development of the cysts. PMID- 3207306 TI - Partial evulsion of the optic nerve. AB - A 12-year-old boy had partial evulsion of his optic nerve caused by blunt trauma and maintained good vision. Elevation of the macula, resulting probably from a leak of cerebrospinal fluid under the neurosensory retina from the disc margin, resolved spontaneously in two weeks. PMID- 3207307 TI - A clinical evaluation of the potential acuity meter in 210 cases. AB - The potential acuity meter (PAM) has been reported to be a useful instrument for predicting postoperative visual acuity after cataract extraction surgery. In this study, 210 eyes were tested with the PAM before surgery, and the best postoperative visual acuity was obtained. The PAM accurately predicted the postoperative visual acuity to within three lines in 85.2% of the cases. Further, the PAM was able to predict whether or not an operation would be successful (success defined as a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better) in 91.6% of the cases. It was found that senile macular degeneration may cause false-positive tests (predicted acuity better than final acuity), and this should be watched for when the test is used. When the test is in error, the tendency is for the PAM to underestimate the final acuity rather than to overestimate. PMID- 3207308 TI - Lyme disease: ocular manifestations. AB - We present three cases of Lyme disease, complicated by ocular manifestations. These included optic nerve abnormalities and corneal opacities. PMID- 3207309 TI - Our further experience with bromhexine in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. AB - We report the results of six years' experience in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca with bromhexine. We found the drug to be efficacious in long-term use in patients with partially involved lacrimal glands. PMID- 3207310 TI - Lupus optic neuritis with negative serology. AB - A 56-year-old woman with a 12-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus presented with severe optic-disc swelling and blepharitis. At the same time, she developed acute pancreatitis and ultimately died of gram-negative sepsis. Although it appeared that the ocular and systemic disorders were manifestations of lupus, her serum antinuclear antibody and complement levels remained normal throughout her hospital course. Optic neuritis may be secondary to lupus, but the diagnosis is difficult to make when the serology is negative. PMID- 3207311 TI - Retinal toxicity of intravitreal ethyldeoxyuridine and zinc. AB - We investigated the toxicity of intravitreal zinc sulfate, zinc gluconate, and ethyldeoxyuridine (EDU) in albino rabbits. Various concentrations of EDU were added to the infusion solution during pars plana vitrectomy. Retinal changes were observed by light microscopy after intravitreal injections containing 20 micrograms of zinc gluconate, all concentrations of zinc sulfate, and 400 micrograms of EDU. No histologic or electroretinographic alterations occurred with doses of 15 micrograms or less of zinc gluconate or 200 micrograms or less of EDU. When added to the vitrectomy solution, concentrations of 20 micrograms/mL or less of EDU appeared nontoxic to the rabbit retina. PMID- 3207312 TI - Some unusual periorbital dermatoses. AB - Three case reports of primary periorbital dermatitis are presented. The etiology of these were molluscum contagiosum, Microsporum canis, and Coccidioides immitis. In each case, the presenting complaint was unusual since the primary lesion started in the periorbital region. PMID- 3207313 TI - Congenital fibromatosis (myofibromatosis) of the orbit: a rare cause of proptosis at birth. AB - A full-term infant boy had proptosis OS at birth: A large solid tumor mass was found by examination and computed tomographic scan in the orbit and extended intracranially. Biopsy showed spindle-shaped tumor cells that, with electron microscopy, proved to be myofibroblasts. Congenital fibromatosis (myofibromatosis) is a benign localized tumor of which this case is a striking example. PMID- 3207314 TI - Presence of anaerobic bacteria in conjunctivitis associated with wearing contact lenses. AB - Ten anaerobic bacterial species were found in conjunctival cultures obtained from six patients who wore contact lenses and developed conjunctivitis. In three instances the anaerobic bacteria were associated with facultative bacteria. The predominant anaerobic isolates were Peptostreptococcus species (three isolates), Bacteroides sp. (two), and Fusobacterium sp. (two). It was the practice of five of the six patients to wet their lenses with saliva. It is recommended that a culture for anaerobes be obtained from any patient who uses contact lenses and develops conjunctivitis. PMID- 3207315 TI - Parasympathetic pupillary involvement in biopsy-proven temporal arteritis. AB - The neuro-ophthalmologic spectrum of temporal arteritis (TA) is broad and includes such diverse presentations as ischemic optic neuropathy, retinal infarction, anterior ocular segment dysfunction, ophthalmoparesis, and cortical blindness. A common clinical dictum suggests that third nerve palsies are associated with pupillary sparing in this systemic arteritis. We present a biopsy proven case of TA with parasympathetic pupillary involvement and ophthalmoparesis. Relative light-near dissociation and differential clinical response to adrenocorticosteroids occurred. Previous pathologic studies have suggested that clinically apparent parasympathetic pupillary dysfunction could follow arteritic lesions at several neuroanatomic sites and may, therefore, reflect different pathogenetic mechanisms and display distinctive clinical features. Our case effectively broadens the clinicopathologic locus of neuro ophthalmologic expression in TA. PMID- 3207316 TI - Pseudophakic and aphakic pupillary block. AB - Fifteen eyes of 14 patients who underwent cataract extraction surgery with or without lens implantation developed pupillary block. Six lenses were of the anterior-chamber type, two of the posterior-chamber, and four of the iris-clip Binkhorst type; three were simple aphakic eyes. Ocular hypertension was present in 12 eyes; while in three eyes, the pupillary block was detected by biomicroscopic examination. In order to relieve the block, we performed one of the following three procedures: laser (yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), argon, or krypton) iridotomy, YAG laser photodisruption of the anterior vitreous face, or pars plana vitrectomy. PMID- 3207317 TI - [Cervicography: a new approach to the early diagnosis of carcinoma of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 3207318 TI - [Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome: presentation of 14 cases]. PMID- 3207319 TI - [Serum CA 125 and TPA determination in malignant neoplasms of the uterus]. PMID- 3207320 TI - [Early diagnosis of breast cancer: 5-year experience in a local medical service in Lombardy]. PMID- 3207321 TI - Medical treatment of stomal ulcers. AB - Thirty-five patients with anastomotic ulcer after gastric resection for benign ulcer disease were treated with sucralfate (Antepsin) and endoscopically controlled over a 6-month period after termination of the medical treatment. The healing frequency of 75% makes this model a suitable alternative in the treatment of stomal ulcers. PMID- 3207322 TI - Intra-operative air testing: an audit on rectal anastomosis. AB - Thirty three patients having an anastomosis to the rectum were studied prospectively to determine the usefulness of intra-operative air testing. The pelvis was filled with saline and the anastomosis was distended with air. Any leaks demonstrated were oversewn. A Gastrografin enema was performed on all the patients on the eighth postoperative day. Overall, there were 4 (12%) clinical leaks and 10 (30%) radiological leaks. In six patients with air leaks demonstrated at operation, two had a radiological leak, one of which presented clinically as well. We believe that in the other four patients a potential leak was probably avoided as a result of intra-operative air testing. This technique is simple, safe and effective and probably helps reduce leakage after colorectal anastomosis. PMID- 3207323 TI - Early postoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy for retained biliary stones. AB - Endoscopic sphincterotomy was attempted on 18 patients with retained biliary stones. Endoscopy was performed within 2 weeks of the operation in 13 patients and within 3 weeks in 5 patients. A T-tube was present in 14 patients and 6 patients had multiple stones. Sphincterotomy and complete duct clearance was achieved in 17 patients (94%) and a complication (haemorrhage) occurred in one patient (6%). PMID- 3207324 TI - Does a legalistic approach to anaesthesia benefit the patient? An address delivered at the 50th anniversary of the Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics. PMID- 3207325 TI - Preoperative treatment of thyrotoxicosis in developing countries: a comparative study of carbimazole and propranolol. AB - Preoperative management of treatment in thyrotoxicosis was investigated in a comparative study of carbimazole and propranolol in 41 consecutive patients collected during a 3-year period. The groups included 20 and 21 patients respectively, of equal sex and age distribution and of similar severity. The length of the preoperative treatment was significantly reduced in the propranolol pretreated patients (P greater than 0.001). Intraoperative blood loss, postoperative function with regard to the thyroid, parathyroids and vocal cords were similar in both groups. Three and two patients respectively had permanent hypothyroidism requiring thyroxin treatment. In patients with therapy compliance problems treatment with propranolol would entail a definite advantage, particularly in developing countries. PMID- 3207326 TI - The use of flexible nasoendoscopy in adults with acute epiglottitis. AB - Acute epiglottitis is a potentially fatal upper respiratory tract infection. In this paper, we describe the use of flexible nasoendoscopy, both in establishing the diagnosis and during the subsequent airway management of adults with acute epiglottitis. PMID- 3207327 TI - Surgical morbidity and mortality meetings. AB - Morbidity and mortality meetings aim to improve the standards of surgical care, and are now required in all hospitals responsible for training junior surgical staff. If they are to receive support and achieve their aim, they must be carefully planned and well organised. This paper outlines considerations in setting up morbidity meetings and in making them a success. PMID- 3207328 TI - Acute urinary retention: which catheter? AB - There is no scientific data on which is the best method and catheter to use in acute urinary retention in males. We therefore compared the efficiency of a size 12 G latex rubber balloon catheter with a similar calibre but more expensive catheter made of polyvinyl-chloride (PVC). A total of 50 patients was studied and a 100% successful catheterisation rate was recorded at first attempt with both catheters, with no significant complications. The importance of the correct management of acute urinary retention, especially adequate analgesia, is stressed and it is concluded that either catheter is satisfactory. PMID- 3207329 TI - Does oedema following lower limb revascularisation cause compartment syndromes? AB - Oedema of the leg, particularly the calf, is a well-recognised complication following lower limb reconstructive vascular surgery, but its effect on the limb is unknown. In this study, anterior compartment pressures and calf circumference were measured in both the operated and non-operated limbs following femoropopliteal bypass in 15 patients. All the patients developed lower limb swelling, which was significantly greater than the non-operated limb, P less than 0.05 paired t test (day 2-5). There was a significant difference in the mean anterior compartment pressures between the operated and non-operated limbs on the third and fourth postoperative days for the overall and below knee group, P less than 0.05 (paired t test). However, none of the patients developed signs, symptoms or pressures indicative of a compartment syndrome. These results suggest that the oedema following reconstructive vascular surgery is subcutaneous rather than compartmental in origin and that compartment pressure measurements should only be undertaken if a fasciotomy is being contemplated. PMID- 3207330 TI - 168 double J (pigtail) ureteric catheter insertions: a retrospective review. AB - The medical records of 116 patients who had 168 ureteric double J (pigtail) catheters inserted over a 6-year period between 1981 and 1987 were reviewed. Eighty-five patients had pigtails inserted for benign conditions and 31 for malignant disease. The pigtail catheters were inserted cystoscopically in 88 patients, percutaneously in 7 patients and by open surgery in 21 patients. Of 168 pigtail catheters used, 147 were soft (silicone, multilength) and 21 hard (polyurethane). No mortality was attributable to the use of these catheters but certain complications were commonly encountered. Loin discomfort occurred after 32 (19%) insertions; 27 of 147 (18%) soft catheters and 5 of 21 (24%) hard catheters. Trigonal irritation, confirmed cystoscopically was reported in 26 of 147 (18%) insertions of soft catheters and in 6 of the 21 (29%) with hard catheters (chi 2, P = 0.37). Urinary tract infection (confirmed by urine microscopy and culture) occurred after 46 (31%) soft catheter insertions and after 13 of 21 (61%) hard catheter insertions (chi 2 test, P = 0.01). Stent migration occurred in five patients and obstruction in two. Pigtail catheters are safe ureteric stents which are easy to insert and their use is supported by this study. The complications of associated infection, trigonal irritation and loin discomfort are relatively common and still occur even with soft catheters. Careful monitoring of all patients with pigtail catheters in position is recommended. PMID- 3207331 TI - The surgical correction of mandibular prognathism using rigid internal fixation- a report of a new technique together with its long-term stability. AB - A historical review of the literature for the surgical correction of mandibular prognathism is presented, together with a list of ideal conditions for the successful treatment of this condition. This is a report of a new surgical technique which satisfies the majority of these principles and demonstrates stability at the osteotomy site. PMID- 3207332 TI - Pain relief clinics under anaesthetic management in Scotland. AB - The rapid development of pain relief clinics throughout the United Kingdom has led to major differences in the range of treatments provided by the centres, and problems in their management and funding. To ascertain the present position of the service provided by anaesthetists in Scotland, a survey by questionnaire was carried out. A summary of these findings and the conclusions are detailed. PMID- 3207333 TI - Elective splenectomy in haematological disorders. PMID- 3207334 TI - The practical management of Fournier's gangrene. PMID- 3207335 TI - The correlation between gross appearance of the appendix at appendicectomy and histological examination. PMID- 3207336 TI - Tuberculosis: a surgical viewpoint. PMID- 3207338 TI - The twist drain. PMID- 3207337 TI - Intraoperative testing of the integrity of left-sided colorectal anastomoses: a technique of value to the surgeon in training. PMID- 3207339 TI - Pancreatic sphincteroplasty: indications and outcome. PMID- 3207340 TI - Tracheostomy service for ITU patients. PMID- 3207341 TI - Histological changes in the gastric stump mucosa and late clinical results after Billroth I, Billroth II and Roux-en-Y operations for peptic ulcer disease. AB - To study the morphological alterations and clinical outcome after gastric resection 53 patients operated on for peptic ulcer disease 5 to 7 years earlier were analyzed. The type of reconstruction was either Billroth I (n = 16), Billroth II (n = 19) or Roux-en-Y (n = 18). Vagotomy was combined with Billroth II in 7 (31%) cases and with Roux-en-Y in 8 (44%) cases. According to a modified Visick classification the late functional results were similar after Billroth reconstructions, whereas failures were most often after Roux-en-Y reconstruction (28%). No ulcer recurrences were found. The histological findings were similar in the operative specimens, but biopsies from the gastric stump mucosa 5 to 7 years after surgery showed significantly (P less than 0.05) more atrophic gastritis after Billroth operations than after Roux-en-Y reconstruction. No dysplastic changes were found. It is concluded that Roux-en-Y reconstruction causes least changes in the gastric stump mucosa after gastric resection. The delayed gastric emptying associated with this procedure may, however, cause late functional disturbances. PMID- 3207342 TI - Anatomical results after distal forearm fractures. AB - A radiological evaluation of 207 fractures of the distal forearm was performed. 91.5% of the fractures were of Colles' type. Almost 60% of them were intra articular. A practical classification of Colles' fractures according to intra articular fracture lines was shown to be useful in assessing the severity of these fractures. It correlated well with the shortening of the radius and the amount of dorsal tilt of the fractured wrist. It also seemed to predict the tendency for worsening of the position during treatment. An impairment of the position was noticed in more than 60% of cases. The anatomical result was evaluated as good or excellent in 60% of cases. Women seemed to have slightly better results. In age groups 35-44 and 45-54 years, the outcome was somewhat worse. PMID- 3207343 TI - Functional recovery after fractures of the distal forearm. Analysis of radiographic and other factors affecting the outcome. AB - Functional recovery of the wrist and hand after a fracture of the distal forearm in 207 consecutive patients was analysed. A good or excellent result was achieved in 77 percent, fair in 22.5 percent and poor in 0.5 percent of cases. The result in 14 unstable fractures treated with external fixation was as good as that of the whole series. Good functional results were associated with extra-articular fractures, good anatomical results, male sex and low age. Comminuted intra articular fractures of the radiocarpal joint, fracture line into the distal radio ulnar joint, fracture of the ulnar styloid and a poor anatomical result in addition to high age contributed to a poor result. PMID- 3207344 TI - Upper limb amputations in southern Finland 1984-85. AB - There is a specific requirement for amputee statistics to facilitate the planning of prosthetic rehabilitation of amputee patients. The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiological situation concerning upper limb amputations in southern Finland. The data on all limb amputations made in the catchment area of the Helsinki University Central Hospital were collected for the period 1984-85. During the two-year period upper limb amputations had been performed on 52 patients. A total of six major amputations had been performed on 52 patients. A total of six major amputations had been performed at a level potentially requiring a prosthesis, and 46 patients had undergone amputation distal to the carpal joint. The overall upper limb amputation rate was 2.2 and rate of major amputations 0.3 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The ratio of men to women was 7.7 for all amputations and 10.5 for finger amputations. Of the 52 amputees, 62 per cent were in the 20-59 age group. The mean age of all amputees was 42.7 years. The typical upper limb amputee was a man of active working age. Trauma, mainly occupational accident, was the most common cause, accounting for 61 per cent of all upper limb amputations. The annual incidence of major amputations in the whole of Finland is as low as 20-30 cases. It would seem reasonable to concentrate prosthetic fitting of upper limb amputations at two or three prosthetic factories and rehabilitation centres. PMID- 3207345 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of clostridial gas gangrene. AB - Thirty-two cases with clostridial gas gangrene were treated during the years 1971 87 in the Department of Surgery, Turku University Central Hospital. The presumptive diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical appearance of the patient and presence of gram-positive bacilli on a smear. Each patient underwent surgical debridement, antibiotic therapy and hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Seventeen cases had diffuse spreading myonecrosis, 11 of whom survived. Fifteen patients developed clostridial cellulitis with toxicity, 12 survived. Thus the over-all mortality was 28.1%. All those patients who died had been transferred from other hospitals of the country and were already moribund on arrival. Twenty two infections developed postoperatively, in 6 cases trauma was the antedecent cause and 4 were spontaneous infections. None of the patients with a posttraumatic infection died. The most common underlying disorders included arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, malignancy and Buerger's disease. The addition of hyperbaric oxygenation to the treatment of gas gangrene--although strictly adjunctive to surgery, antibiotics and supportive therapy--has dramatically changed the surgical approach to treatment. Early diagnosis remains essential. Patient survival can be achieved if the disease is recognized early and appropriate therapy applied promptly. PMID- 3207346 TI - Nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder. AB - Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare, benign lesion of the bladder, occurring as a metaplastic response of urothelium to chronic infection or trauma. The symptoms are non-specific, being merely those of chronic cystitis. Endoscopically, the lesion can be mistaken easily for a low grade, low stage transitional cell carcinoma. The treatment consist of long-term, low-dose antibiotic therapy, transurethral resection and fulguration of the tumour. PMID- 3207347 TI - Surgical treatment of high bleeding gastric ulcer. AB - In the surgical treatment of 68 consecutive patients with benign, high, bleeding gastric ulcer between 1966 and 1981, the following operative procedures were used; high gastric resection in 31 (45.5%) cases, local ulcer excision with truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty in 23 (33.8%), local ulcer excision with low gastric resection in 11 (16.2%) and a local procedure alone in three (4.5%) cases. Of these 68 operations, 40 (59%) were early elective operations and 28 (31%) acute or emergency operations. Altogether, six (8.9%) patients died postoperatively, all but one after acute or emergency operation. High gastric resection was the most risky operation and five of the six deaths were in this operative group. Nonfatal complications developed in 18 (26.4%) cases but without correlation to the timing or to the type of operation. Early rebleeding during the hospital stay necessitating reoperation occurred in three (4.4%) patients, two of these among the three cases operated on using a local procedure and without a definitive operation. During the follow-up five (7.3%) recurrent ulcers developed, four after local ulcer excision with truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty and one after high gastric resection. It seems to us that in the treatment of patients with high gastric ulcer, local operation alone is never acceptable. High gastric resection is often technically hazardous with a high postoperative mortality rate. The best methods seemed to be local ulcer excision combinated with truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty or, perhaps preferably, with low gastric resection. PMID- 3207348 TI - Restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. AB - The results of 36 restorative proctocolectomies (with 2-loop reservoir) for ulcerative colitis (UC) performed in a three-year period were surveyed. These patients represented 69% of all those undergoing definitive surgery for UC at the same time at our department. There was no operative mortality. Both early (44.4%) and late complications (45.2%) were quite common, but they were mostly minor and only two were permanent failures (5.6%) requiring construction of conventional ileostomy. Anastomotic retraction and sinus formation (25%), as revealed by pouch x-ray, were the most frequent early complications, occurring in a lesser degree (19.4%) also after stoma closure. Pouchitis was also a common (20%) late complication, but usually resolved promptly with metronidazole treatment. The functional results in the 23 patients evaluated were satisfactory, with a mean defaecation frequency of 5.4 per 24 hour and a minor soiling frequency of 36%. None of the patients had to wear a pad. The over-all results are compatible to those from other centres and suggest that acceptable anal function follows restorative proctocolectomy in most suitable cases with UC. The role of adequate surgical experience and consideration of contraindications must, however, be emphasised, and the surgeon must be ready to handle many minor and even major complications. PMID- 3207349 TI - 17th annual meeting of the European Thyroid Association. Abstracts. Montpellier, 11-16 September 1988. PMID- 3207350 TI - [The effect of ranitidine on gastric pH measured by continuous monitoring over 24 hours in healthy subjects. Comparison of 2 methods of administration: 150 mg morning and night, vs 300 mg in a single dose at night]. AB - The gastric pH of 8 healthy subjects was determined, in a continuous fashion, during three different 24 hour periods corresponding to the 3 following treatments: Placebo, ranitidine 150 mg twice per day, and ranitidine 300 mg in the evening. During each period, the feeding conditions were normal and standardized. The results are expressed in terms of the number of hours under a threshold pH value. In comparison with the placebo, ranitidine, regardless of its mode of administration, results in a significant decrease of the mean number of hours under pH 1.5, 2 and 3 during 24 hours; no significant difference was demonstrated between the two modes of administration in 24 hours. During the 12 night-hours, a single dose of 300 mg of ranitidine was more effective to ranitidine taken in 2 doses for pH thresholds of 2 and 3, while during the 12 day hours, no difference was demonstrated for pH thresholds of 1.5, 2 and 3. The analysis of the mean pH graphs in relation to time, suggests that a single 300 mg dose is more effective than the same dose divided into 2 doses during the day. These results tally with the variations of ranitidine plasma levels in 24 hours. These results justify, from a pharmacological standpoint, the prescription of a single dose of ranitidine, in the evening. PMID- 3207351 TI - [A rare etiology of anasarca in Africa: gastric lymphoma]. AB - The authors report the case of a young 16 year-old woman from Gabon hospitalized because of edemas. The laboratory tests show a hypoproteinemia of 32 g/l with hypoalbuminemia of 9.4 g/l. After ruling out a renal, cardiac or hepatic etiology as well as malnutrition, the endoscopic exploration of the G.I tract, performed because of abdominal pain, enables to make the diagnosis: malignant, non-Hodgkin gastric lymphoma, confirmed by biopsies during the procedure. Edemas and hypoproteinemia were related to an exudative enteropathy secondary to ulcerations of the gastric mucosa. PMID- 3207352 TI - [Bone marrow aplasia and ranitidine]. PMID- 3207354 TI - [Mediterranean Society of Gastroenterology. 4 June 1988, Monte-Carlo. Abstracts]. PMID- 3207353 TI - [Comparative study of Creon and Eurobiol in the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in adults]. PMID- 3207355 TI - Thalamic, brainstem, and cerebellar glucose metabolism in the hemiplegic monkey. AB - Unilateral ablation of cerebral cortical areas 4 and 6 of Brodmann in the macaque monkey results in a contralateral hemiplegia that resolves partially with time. During the phase of dense hemiplegia, local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (1CMRG1c) is decreased significantly in most of the thalamic nuclei ipsilateral to the ablation, and there are slight contralateral decreases. The lCMRGlc is reduced bilaterally in most of the brainstem nuclei and bilaterally in the deep cerebellar nuclei, but only in the contralateral cerebellar cortex. During the phase of partial motor recovery, lCMRGlc is incompletely restored in many of the thalamic nuclei ipsilateral to the ablation and completely restored in the contralateral nuclei. In the brainstem and deep cerebellar nuclei, poor to moderate recovery occurs bilaterally. Moderate recovery occurs in the contralateral cerebellar cortex. The findings demonstrate that a unilateral cerebral cortical lesion strongly affects lCMRGlc in the thalamus ipsilaterally and in the cerebellar cortex contralaterally, but in the brainstem bilaterally. Partial recovery of lCMRGlc accompanies the progressive motor recovery. The structures affected include those with direct, and also those with indirect, connections to the areas ablated. PMID- 3207356 TI - HTLV-I-associated myelopathy: oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands contain anti HTLV-I p24 antibody. AB - Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM) and tropical spastic paraparesis belong to a new group of neurological diseases associated with retroviral infection. An HTLV-I-like virus has recently been implicated in multiple sclerosis as well. We studied paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum specimens from HAM and multiple sclerosis patients by isoelectric focusing and an isoelectric focusing HTLV-I p24 overlay technique to clarify the role of HTLV-I in these diseases. We detected oligoclonal bands by isoelectric focusing with silver-staining in cerebrospinal fluid, but not serum, from all 5 HAM and all 9 multiple sclerosis patients. An isoelectric focusing HTLV-I p24 overlay technique demonstrated anti-p24 antibody in HAM cerebrospinal fluid at a different pI distribution than that seen in paired serum, indicating local synthesis of anti-p24 antibody within the central nervous system. Oligoclonal bands in HAM cerebrospinal fluid corresponded in pI distribution to anti-p24 antibody activity, suggesting the presence of an ongoing HTLV-I infection in the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis patients had no evidence of anti-HTLV I activity by p24 radioimmunoprecipitation assay, Western immunoblots, or isoelectric focusing HTLV-I p24 overlay analysis. Our data support a role for HTLV-I as an etiological agent in HAM, but not in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3207357 TI - Ergot alkaloids block neurogenic extravasation in dura mater: proposed action in vascular headaches. AB - Although the ergot alkaloids (ergots) are useful drugs for the acute treatment of migraine headaches, their mechanism of action remains obscure. When administered to rats in clinically relevant doses, ergots blocked the development of neurogenic plasma extravasation in dura mater. Plasma extravasation was induced by depolarization of perivascular axons following capsaicin injection or unilateral electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. The ergot action could not be accounted for by vasoconstriction alone because neurogenic plasma leakage was not blocked by angiotensin or phenylephrine. Furthermore, ergots did not block plasma extravasation induced by administering sensory neuropeptides that mediate enhanced permeability. We propose that the therapeutic effects of ergots in vascular headaches may result from peripheral blockade of small fiber (C or A delta)-dependent neurogenic inflammation within the dura mater. PMID- 3207358 TI - The glucose transporter of the human brain and blood-brain barrier. AB - We identified and characterized the glucose transporter in the human cerebral cortex, cerebral microvessels, and choroid plexus by specific D-glucose displaceable [3H]cytochalasin B binding. The binding was saturable, with a dissociation constant less than 1 microM. Maximal binding capacity was approximately 7 pmol/mg protein in the cerebral cortex, approximately 42 pmol/mg protein in brain microvessels, and approximately 27 pmol/mg protein in the choroid plexus. Several hexoses displaced specific [3H]cytochalasin B binding to microvessels in a rank-order that correlated well with their known ability to cross the blood-brain barrier; the only exception was 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which had much higher affinity for the glucose transporter than the natural substrate, D-glucose. Irreversible photoaffinity labeling of the glucose transporter of microvessels with [3H]cytochalasin B, followed by solubilization and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, labeled a protein band with an average molecular weight of approximately 55,000. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific to the human erythrocyte glucose transporter immunocytochemically stained brain blood vessels and the few trapped erythrocytes in situ, with minimal staining of the neuropil. In the choroid plexus, blood vessels did not stain, but the epithelium reacted positively. We conclude that human brain microvessels are richly endowed with a glucose transport moiety similar in molecular weight and antigenic characteristics to that of human erythrocytes and brain microvessels of other mammalian species. PMID- 3207359 TI - Acetylcholinesterase-rich pyramidal neurons in the human neocortex and hippocampus: absence at birth, development during the life span, and dissolution in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Acetylcholinesterase-rich pyramidal neurons in the human association neocortex and hippocampal formation are virtually absent early in life, become established by adolescence, and appear to increase in density during adulthood and perhaps even senescence. Analogous neurons are not detectable in the adult monkey brain. This novel class of neurons may represent a uniquely human adaptation in primate evolution and may provide a neuroanatomical substrate for the mental development that occurs during the adult stages of life. These phylogenetically and ontogenetically progressive neurons are also markedly vulnerable to degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3207360 TI - McArdle's disease: biochemical and molecular genetic studies. AB - We have analyzed muscle biopsy specimens from 48 patients with biochemically proven phosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease) by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), immunoblotting, and immunotitration (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]). Thirty-five of the 42 patients studied by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot, and 41 of the 48 patients studied by ELISA had no detectable enzyme protein. Six patients had markedly decreased phosphorylase protein by all three assays, and only 1 patient had a normal amount of protein. No apparent correlation existed between the presence or absence of enzyme protein and the clinical presentation or muscle glycogen concentration. Northern analysis was performed on muscle RNA in 4 patients: messenger RNA was normal in 2, abnormally short in 1, and absent in the fourth, indicating heterogeneity of the molecular lesion in McArdle's disease. PMID- 3207362 TI - Commentary on guidelines for the determination of brain death in children. PMID- 3207361 TI - Motor vehicle crashes in dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - To assess the occurrence and related features of motor vehicle crashes in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) we studied 30 patients who had been followed longitudinally and 20 healthy age-matched control subjects. Data were gathered from first-degree relatives who had lived with the subjects for the previous 5 years or more. Forty-seven percent of the DAT patients incurred at least one crash while they were driving, whereas only 10% of the control subjects had had a crash in the previous 5 years. The odds ratio for crashes in the DAT group was 7.9 (p less than 0.01). Moreover, in 77% of DAT patients, a deterioration in driving performance was noted, and 63% of the patients had stopped driving. However, only 42% of the DAT patients who stopped driving did so before a crash occurred. Mean illness duration was 4.0 (+/- 1.8) years, and the mean Mini-Mental Status Examination score was 19.9 (+/- 6.3) at the time of the first crash in the DAT group. The occurrence of crashes was not significantly correlated with dementia severity or with disease duration. These data suggest that the occurrence of driving crashes in patients with DAT is an important public health problem. PMID- 3207363 TI - Transverse sinus thrombosis in newborns: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings. AB - Neonatal transverse sinus thrombosis (TST) is considered a rare and severe sequela of birth injury. Clinical descriptions of this entity are few since most published series are postmortem studies. The advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows recognition of TST ante mortem. We describe 4 full-term infants with distinct clinical and neuroradiological features indicative of TST, which we suggest may be relatively common, with a wide spectrum of severity, including favorable outcome. PMID- 3207364 TI - Myasthenia gravis: discontinuation of long-term azathioprine. PMID- 3207365 TI - Concept teaching in nursing. PMID- 3207366 TI - Selected learning experience and evaluation. PMID- 3207367 TI - Correlates of burnout among staff nurses working in selected units of a tertiary hospital in Metro Manila. PMID- 3207368 TI - Ultraviolet light inhibits nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions to benzoic acid. AB - The effect of ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation on nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions (NIICRs) induced by benzoid acid (BA) was studied in 14 and 13 test subjects, respectively. 10 x 20 cm areas of the back skin were irradiated with 0.08, 0.16, and 0.24 J/cm2 UVB, and with 20 and 60 J/cm2 UVA. Five concentrations of BA were applied to the UV-exposed and nonexposed areas on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 21st day after UVB irradiation and on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after UVA irradiation. Forty minutes after BA application, erythema and edema reactions were observed visually, and changes in the skin blood flow were monitored using laser-Doppler flowmetry. The highest dose of UVB significantly inhibited NIICRs for 3 weeks. The lower doses of UVB had a weaker effect. Both doses of UVA diminished blood flow in NIICRs to lower concentrations of BA for 14 days. PMID- 3207369 TI - Isolation of corneocyte envelopes from porcine epidermis. AB - Sheets of porcine stratum corneum were dispersed into individual corneocytes after 4 h in a solution consisting of 8 mM N,N-dimethyldodecylamine oxide and 2 mM sodium dodecylsulfate in phosphate-buffered isotonic saline, at 45 degrees C. With continued detergent treatment and moderate sonication, most of the cells lost their keratin contents and were then separated from the remaining intact cells by centrifugation in cesium chloride solution of density 1.280. Electron microscopy showed that the cell envelopes retained both the crosslinked protein envelope and its attached lipid envelope. The dry weight of envelopes was approximately 7% of the estimated dry weight of the original stratum corneum, while the corneocytes surviving intact also amounted to 7% of the starting weight. Mild alkaline hydrolysis of the corneocyte envelopes allowed the extraction of hydroxyceramides amounting to 10% of the dry weight of the envelopes. The procedure therefore provides isolated corneocyte envelopes suitable for studying both the protein and lipid components of this compound sheath. PMID- 3207370 TI - Cocarcinogenic and tumor-promoting capabilities of anthralin. AB - Numerous chemicals to which humans are exposed either therapeutically or as a result of living in an industrial environment constitute a potential threat as carcinogens, mutagens, and/or tumor promoters and cocarcinogens. Anthralin, and antipsoriatic agent, acts as a tumor promoter for Balb/c-3T3 mouse embryo cell cultures that were previously exposed to a low dose of either benzo-a-pyrene (BaP), an indirect-acting carcinogen needing metabolic conversion for its carcinogenic action, or beta-propiolactone (BPL), a direct-acting carcinogen which needs no metabolic conversion. As a cocarcinogen, i.e., when exposure of cells to anthralin was simultaneous with exposure to the carcinogen, anthralin enhanced neoplastic transformation only when the carcinogen was BaP. Several explanations are explored. The possibility that cocarcinogens and tumor promotion occur by separate mechanisms is suggested. PMID- 3207371 TI - Immunohistological identification of protein kinase C isozymes in normal and psoriatic epidermis. PMID- 3207372 TI - Humoral immunity to link protein in patients with inflammatory joint disease, osteoarthritis, and in non-arthritic controls. AB - Cartilage link protein of high purity was prepared and used in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies to link protein were sought in the sera of 98 patients with rheumatic disorders; 38 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 29 with osteoarthritis (OA), 13 with psoriatic arthritis (PA), nine with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), nine with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and in 83 healthy controls. Antibodies were detected in all groups with the following prevalences: 21/83 normals, 9/38 RA, 7/29 OA, 7/13 PA, 3/9 AS, and 4/9 SLE. No statistically significant differences existed between the groups with regard to either prevalence or mean titre of anti-link antibodies. Serum antibodies to proteoglycan link protein appear to be no more common in patients with rheumatic disorders than in healthy controls. PMID- 3207373 TI - Reaction of rheumatoid factors with IgG3 monoclonal anti-Rh(D) antibodies: more frequent reactivity to a monoclonal antibody of the Gm allotype G3m(5) in rheumatoid patients negative for G3m(5). AB - Human monoclonal anti-Rh(D) antibodies of known IgG isotype and Gm allotype were bound to erythrocytes and then used as the target IgG antigens for rheumatoid factors (RFs) in a direct haemagglutination test. When serum samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were tested for RF specificity towards these IgG monoclonal anti-D antibodies the incidence and titre of reactivity towards an IgG3 monoclonal anti-D antibody was considerably greater than for a polyclonal anti-D antibody of the same Gm allotype, G3m(5). This difference was not explained by the amount of each anti-D antibody which bound to erythrocytes. Furthermore, when patients with RA were divided into groups according to their Gm phenotype, sera from a greater proportion of patients negative for the phenotype G3m(5) reacted to the G3m(5) monoclonal anti-D antibodies than sera from those patients positive for this allotype. Analysis of RF reactivities towards two IgG3 and three IgG1 monoclonal anti-D antibodies, each with different Gm allotypic epitopes, indicated, however, that individual serum samples contained RFs with a spectrum of specificities; some sera appeared to react to a single set of Gm alleles, whereas others also reacted to isotypic or iso-allotypic epitopes, or both. Our data suggest that RFs with specificity for Gm allotypes do not arise in patients who carry that particular allotype owing to tolerance induced in fetal neonatal life. Conversely, RFs with apparent specificity for a Gm allotype formed in patients negative for that allotype may be reacting to a closely related but different epitope. Final proof requires precise specificities for each RF formed, and IgG3 monoclonal anti-D antibodies would be useful reagents for this purpose. PMID- 3207374 TI - Physiology of the retrocalcaneal bursa. AB - To clarify the function of the retrocalcaneal bursa the hindfoot was studied by magnetic resonance imaging at various positions of the ankle joint. In normal individuals a tongue-like extension of the retromalleolar fat pad entered the bursa during plantar flexion as the angle between Achilles tendon and calcaneus widened. The reverse occurred in dorsiflexion. In contrast, in a patient with spondyloarthritis and retrocalcaneal bursitis excessive cavitary fluid prevented the intrusion of the fat pad. The sliding motion of the fat pad in and out of the bursa during ankle motion allows a more caudal, advantageous insertion of the Achilles tendon into the calcaneus. PMID- 3207375 TI - Survey of the long term incidence of osteonecrosis of the hip and adverse medical events in rheumatoid arthritis after high dose intravenous methylprednisolone. AB - A prospective, randomised, double blind, matched cohort survey using retrospective data was undertaken to assess the long term incidence of osteonecrosis of the hip and adverse medical effects occurring after intravenous pulsed methylprednisolone used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis over the period 1977-86. One hundred and forty three patients were matched for age, sex, duration and severity of the disease, erosive and serological status. Information was obtained by direct questioning and from hip x rays, the latter being read independently by two 'blind' radiologists. Two definite cases of osteonecrosis were identified, one in both the treated and control groups and three possible cases (radiological disagreement) in the treated group. Adverse medical events, when analysed by systems, were similar in both groups. This study did not provide evidence of increased osteonecrosis of the hip or adverse medical events in the treated group compared with the control group. PMID- 3207376 TI - Experimental arthritis in C57black/6 normal and beige (Chediak-Higashi) mice: in vivo and in vitro observations on cartilage degradation. AB - Mice with the beige mutation are known to be deficient for polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) elastase and cathepsin G and can therefore be used as a model for protease dependence of tissue destruction in inflammatory conditions. The in vitro and in vivo effect of PMN activation on cartilage damage in C57black/6 normal and beige mice was measured. In vitro it was found that stimulation of normal PMNs with chemotactic peptide caused degradation of articular cartilage matrix owing to an elastase dependent mechanism; PMNs of beige mice did not induce degradation of cartilage. In vivo, using zymosan induced arthritis, which is a model characterised by a PMN-rich infiltrate and exudate, no significant differences were found between the two strains with respect to (a) joint oedema formation as measured by technetium-99m uptake; (b) matrix degradation as measured quantitatively and with histology; (c) chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis as measured by radiosulphate uptake. At day 28 after induction of arthritis, when inflammation is waning, no differences in end stage irreversible damage to joint tissues were found. The relevance of these observations to the supposed role of PMN derived neutral proteases in joint inflammation is discussed. PMID- 3207377 TI - Ischaemic necrosis of the ilium complicating haemolytic anaemia due to an unstable haemoglobin. AB - A case of ischaemic necrosis of bone (INB) affecting the right hemipelvis in a 57 year old woman with an unstable haemoglobinopathy is presented. The rarity of INB in this site, the usefulness of nuclear scanning, and the relation between haemolytic anaemia and INB are discussed. PMID- 3207378 TI - Constrictive pericarditis complicating dermatomyositis. AB - Chronic constrictive pericarditis may complicate both rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. To our knowledge, however, this is the first time it has been described in a patient with dermatomyositis. This association should be kept in mind as constrictive pericarditis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 3207379 TI - Sarcoidosis or primary Sjogren's syndrome? PMID- 3207380 TI - Micromechanical testing of articular cartilage: recent improvements to test apparatus. PMID- 3207381 TI - Antibodies to type II and XI collagens: evidence for the formation of antigen specific as well as cross reacting antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Antigen specific and cross reacting antibodies to native and denatured types II and XI collagen were detected in the sera of rats immunised with either of these antigens. The antibodies from rats immunised with type XI collagen initially showed the strongest binding to the alpha 2(XI) chain of type XI collagen but later binding to the alpha 3(XI) chain was seen. Sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis had antibodies that bound to both type II and XI collagens. Immunoblotting studies showed that most patients had antibodies which bound to the alpha 1(II) chain of type II collagen and to the alpha 3(XI) chain of type XI collagen. Some patients also had antibodies which bound to the alpha 1(XI) and to the alpha 2(XI) chains of type XI collagen. Thus antibodies to unique as well as to common epitopes on each of the two types of collagen molecule occur in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3207382 TI - Effect of intermittent stretch on immobilised muscle. AB - When muscle is immobilised in a shortened position there is a reduction in fibre length and an increase in the proportion of connective tissue. This results in reduced muscle compliance and a loss of range of joint motion. Experiments have been carried out to determine whether short periods of stretch are effective in preventing these changes. The soleus muscle of the mouse was immobilised in a shortened position for a period of 10 days by means of a plaster cast. Every two days the cast was removed and the muscle passively stretched for a 15 minute period. It was found that this treatment prevented the connective tissue changes but did not prevent the reduction in muscle fibre length, which in itself resulted in considerable loss of range of motion. PMID- 3207383 TI - Atrioventricular conduction disturbance as an early feature of Reiter's syndrome. AB - Atrioventricular (A-V) conduction disturbances in Reiter's syndrome are usually described in longstanding disease. This report deals with two male patients with Reiter's syndrome who developed an A-V block early in the course of the disease. One of these patients developed a second degree A-V block, Wenckebach type, which has not been described before at an early stage of this syndrome. PMID- 3207384 TI - Relapsing polychondritis mimicking rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A woman with relapsing polychondritis presented with progressive and deforming polyarthritis (but always negative for rheumatoid factor) 14 years before the appearance of typical clinical and histological changes of nasal and auricular cartilage destruction. PMID- 3207386 TI - Steroid resistant pleural effusion in systemic lupus erythematosus treated with tetracycline pleurodesis. AB - A 26 year old woman had recurrent unilateral pleural effusions secondary to active systemic lupus erythematosus. The effusions were resistant to conventional treatment with steroids but did not recur after tetracycline pleurodesis. PMID- 3207385 TI - Intra-articular apatite deposition in mixed connective tissue disease: crystallographic and technetium scanning characteristics. AB - An acute arthritis in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) was found to be associated with intra-articular deposition of carbonated hydroxyapatite crystals. A technetium hydroxymethylene diphosphonate bone scan showed intense uptake in the delayed phase scan of the affected joints. Synovial fluid analysis demonstrated uptake of the radiopharmaceutical drug directly onto the crystals. PMID- 3207387 TI - Adverse reproductive outcomes in women who subsequently develop rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The rates of adverse reproductive outcomes in 40 women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were compared with 67 of their unaffected female relatives. All women were aged between 35 and 65 years at the time of inquiry. Seven of the women with RA reported a perinatal death (six stillbirths, one early neonatal death) compared with one women in the unaffected group: estimated age adjusted relative risk (R) = 12.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.6-91.1. The rate of spontaneous abortions was, however, not significantly different between the two groups (R = 1.2, 95% CI 0.5-2.9). All the perinatal deaths occurred before clinical disease onset in the women with RA. It is possible that in these two groups of women with a similar genetic background perinatal loss may be related, at least in part, to disease expression. PMID- 3207389 TI - Haematuria in rheumatoid arthritis: a follow up study. AB - Twenty one patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and previously documented isolated haematuria were recalled at a median 7.7 years (range 3-12) after initial investigation. Eighteen subjects had previously undergone renal biopsy, which had shown mesangial glomerulonephritis in all but four cases. Renal function was found to have remained normal in all patients with previous mesangial changes despite the presence of persistent haematuria in most cases. PMID- 3207388 TI - Lymphoproliferative cancer and other malignancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with azathioprine: a 20 year follow up study. AB - Two hundred and two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) starting treatment with large doses of azathioprine (median 300 mg/day) between 1964 and 1974 were followed up until March 1984. All but one patient (99.5%) were traced from either hospital or general practice records; and death certificates, where relevant, were obtained. A comparison group of 202 patients with RA not treated with azathioprine was selected from the diagnostic index of another rheumatology unit and followed up in 1985 to assess their status retrospectively at March 1984. Each patient treated with azathioprine was matched for year of birth, year of diagnosis, sex, and serostatus with a control patient from the latter group. Four lymphoproliferative cancers occurred in the azathioprine treated group compared with two in the control group. Further analysis of these findings suggested an increased risk of lymphoma of one case per 1000 patient years of azathioprine treatment. The lymphoma rates were then compared with those expected based on the incidence in the general population. This comparison suggested a fivefold increase in the RA control group and a 10-fold increase in the azathioprine treated group. There was also an excess of patients with non-lymphoproliferative cancers, including one with myeloma in the azathioprine group (29 v 19), the excess being greater in the group with the longest duration of treatment. This significantly increased risk did not, however, persist on matched analysis, was not related to maximum daily dose, and was not site specific. These results from a possibly unique series of patients treated with high dose azathioprine give some reassurance about the magnitude of the previously postulated carcinogenic risk of such treatment in RA. PMID- 3207391 TI - [Ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex in the rat after the effect of electromagnetic impulse]. AB - In mature rats an area on the head has been subjected to a single radiation for 1.5 sec with microwaves in the continuous regimen of generation, frequency 2.4 GHz level of the specific absorbed power 5 W/g, that is accompanied with appearance of convulsions. Under anesthesia specimens of the superficial layer of the cerebral superlateral part are taken and subjected to electron microscopical investigation. Immediately after radiation and in 2 h certain disorders in microcirculation and reactive changes of mitochondria in perikaryons, axons, dendrites, synapses of the neurons and in gliocytes are revealed. The mitochondrial changes are designated as "edematous". In 2 and 6 h in karyoplasm of some neurons membranous structures appear; they are interpreted as a result of heat denaturation of the nuclear proteins. In synapses, together with lesions of mitochondria, synaptic complexes undergo destruction and osmiophilic substance is accumulated in the subsynaptic zone along the whole length of the contact. In one day, essential destructive changes are revealed as severe lesions of some neurons, vacuolization and destruction of mitochondria, localized in all the structures. Pathogenesis of the neurological disturbances is based on disturbances of interneuronal interactions, connected with an immediate heat effect of the electromagnetic radiation on the structures responsible for the synaptic transmission and with a rapidly developing tissue hypoxia as a consequence of microcirculatory disturbance and a sharp inhibition of energetic metabolism. PMID- 3207390 TI - Ultrastructural study of hypervitaminosis D induced arterial calcification in Wistar rats. AB - Hypervitaminosis D produces extensive vascular alterations which are similar to Monckeberg's calcinosis. The present study was undertaken to examine early changes in vascular ultrastructure of rats receiving tap water supplemented with either calcium chloride or a relatively low dosage of irradiated ergocalciferol ad libitum for 21 days. Untreated rats received normal tap water ad libitum. A significant increase in serum calcium levels was obtained in hypervitaminosis D treated rats. Calcium deposits were seen near the internal elastic lamina, within new elastic elements and around degenerating smooth muscle cell fragments in the extracellular organic matrix of hypervitaminosis D treated rats. Calcium deposits were not detected in vascular sections from untreated rats or those receiving calcium chloride. A complex pathogenesis of vascular lesions produced by hypervitaminosis is suggested. One possible pathogenic mechanism for calcification of elastic matrix may be via altered microfibrils. Our data support this hypothesis and indicate that much lower levels of vitamin D administration, compared to other reports, produce considerable vascular calcinosis in this experimental preparation. Several hypotheses regarding possible mechanisms of pathologic calcification are discussed. PMID- 3207392 TI - [Connections of various fields of the parietal cortex with the caudate nucleus of the cat brain]. AB - By means of the light and electron microscopy methods efferent connections of the fields 5a, 5b and 7 with the caudate nucleus have been studied. These fields are predominantly projected to the dorsolateral corner of the middle and posterior head of the caudate nucleus. The fields 5b and 7, unlike the field 5a, give also origin to the fibers, terminating in the central part of the head and in the caudate nucleus body. The electron microscopic investigation proves the monosynaptic nature of the fields 5a, 5b and 7 with the dorsolateral part of the middle and posterior parts of the caudate nucleus head. The parietal cortex gives origin, mainly, to fine myelin fibers (0.665 +/- 0.029), terminating in the part mentioned of the caudate nucleus. These fibers form small terminals (0.310 +/- 0.014 to 0.430 +/- 0.020 mcm) with asymmetrical membranous thickening; these terminals end on the spines (with a poorly expressed spine apparatus) of the dendrites, evidently, of the middle spine cells. Axonal terminals of the parietal cortex form axodendritic terminals extremely seldom. Axospinous synapses on the dendrites of the middle spine cells, situating in the dorsolateral part of the caudate nucleus head are supposed to be a morphological substrate, ensuring the cortical control of the parietal cortex at the level of the caudate nucleus. PMID- 3207393 TI - [Influence of the feeding regimen on the rhythmicity of the processes of secretion of the supraoptic nucleus in C57Bl mice]. AB - During the period of vernal equinox in Leningrad 2 groups of C57Bl male mice have been investigated. Ninety-five animals are given food ecologically adequate at 9 p.m. Eighty-four animals are given foot at 9 a.m.--ecologically inverted regimen of feeding (IRF). The mice are decapitated for 4 days with an interval about 1.5 h. Serial paraffin sections are stained with aldehyde-fuchsin after Gomori and an additional staining of the nuclei with azocarmine. Criteria for the neurosecretory activity is the ratio of the cells amount at various stages of synthesis, outflux and accumulation of the secrete, volumes of the nuclei and nucleoli. Spectrum and parameters of the rhythmicity are revealed. IRF produces decrease in the amount of the ultradian component of the rhythmic parameters, characterizing active synthesis and discharge of the secrete. The part of the neurosecretory cells, those actively synthesizing and discharging the secrete, and volume of the cell nucleoli decrease. Range of ultradian component of the cell part rhythm, depositing the secrete, and the cell volume enriches. Thus, IRF produces certain changes in the rhythmicity of the cell secretion at all the stages: synthesis, discharge and accumulation of the secrete. Total intensity of the synthetic processes decreases. A conclusion is made that IRF inhibits the microsecretory process in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and decreases adaptive possibilities of its cells. Adaptation to IRF is performed at the expense of rhythmic discharge of neurohormones, deposited in the cells, and at the expense of processes, occurring in the neuryoplasm and resulting in increase of the nuclear volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207394 TI - [Adrenergic innervation of the kidneys in man and various laboratory animals]. AB - By means of the neurohistochemical method for slice incubation in 2% solution of glyoxylic acid, innervation of the kidneys of a 57-year-old man after a sudden cardiac death has been investigated, as well as innervation of the kidneys in white rat, rabbit, guinea pig and cat. A rich adrenergic innervation in the organ's blood vessels has been revealed. In particular, adrenergic nervous fibers have been found along the course of afferent glomerular arterioles. Together with innervation of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, a high density of the terminal adrenergic nervous plexus is revealed along the course of the nephron loops. Adrenergic nervous plexuses of high density are found in the area of the initial part of the urinary excretory pathways and their connection with nervous plexuses of the kidney itself. PMID- 3207395 TI - [Damage and regeneration of the endothelium of the aorta in experimental hypercholesterolemia]. AB - In dynamics of the experimental hypercholesterolemia in rabbits, peculiarities of endothelial regeneration have been studied. Comparison of proliferative activity level in endotheliocytes with structural-functional state of the endothelial monolayer at atherogenesis makes it possible to consider, that the lesion of the endothelium cannot be regarded as an initiating factor for formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Formation of the lesions in the internal lining of the arteries is preceded by certain disorders in permeability of the endothelial barrier at increasing concentration of cholesterin in blood plasma, accompanying with a sharp activation of the cell proliferative activity. When lipid plates and atherosclerotic plaques are already formed, the processes of the endothelial damage and regeneration occur in parallel. The regeneration is ensured with an intensive proliferation and growth of endotheliocytes onto deendotheliolized areas of the damaged intima. PMID- 3207396 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the anastomotic branch between the occipital and vertebral arteries]. AB - Using anatomical material of mature persons and, for the first time, that of newborns, the discovered well developed anastomotic branch between the occipital and vertebral arteries can be considered as an anatomical variant of the vascular system, important for the collateral blood circulation. Similar branch in mature persons can also serve as an intermediate link for transmitting irritation at the neck osteochondrosis along the periarterial plexuses from the vertebral artery to the occipital one, that results in reflectory pains in the posterior area of the neck. PMID- 3207397 TI - [Lymphoid nodules of the urinary bladder in man]. AB - Basing on macro- microscopical investigation of the urinary bladder in 94 persons, died at the period of birth up to old years and by the time of death having not any disease of the urinary apparatus, structure and topography of the lymphoid nodules, their amount, density of distribution in the mucous membrane of various parts of the organ have been studied. The germinative centers in the lymphoid nodules of the urinary bladder are not revealed. The external appearance of the nodules is not the same; some have clear contours others have no clearly manifested borders. We call them prenodules. The lymphoid nodules are situated near to each other without any definite order. And only near the ureteral openings they are always revealed in a small amount, in the area of the triangle; they are oriented, as a rule, from the ureteral openings towards the exit from the urinary bladder. The amount of the lymphoid nodules in the organ's wall varies (at an average) from 18, in newborns, up to 415, in adolescents, and up to 129, in old persons. Distribution density of the lymphoid nodules in the fundal area of the urinary bladder is somewhat greater, than in its superior parts. The size of the lymphoid nodules during all age periods is not more than 900 mcm. PMID- 3207399 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative parameters of the growth of the skeleton of the extremities of embryos and early fetuses in man]. AB - One hundred and ten human embryos 6-9 weeks of the intrauterine development have been investigated. Sequence of anatomical differentiation of the skeleton in the composition of the upper and lower extremities has been stated. Quantitative changes of the parameters of each anlage at successive stages of the development are analyzed. Equations of regression are obtained, owing to them it is possible to determine age of human embryos and early fetuses in dependence on size of separate fragments of the extremities. PMID- 3207398 TI - [Localization of glycoconjugates in tissues of mammals revealed by means of labeled lectins]. AB - Histochemical peculiarities on binding of castor-oil plant, soybean and lentil lectins with tissues of the mucous membrane in the stomach, small and large intestine have been studied in the human being, rat, mouse, as well as the lectins mentioned and the maize agglutinin with the nervous tissue of the rat cerebral tissue. The reactions are carried out with nonfixed cryostat and deparaffinized histological slices. Lectins labelled with horseradish peroxidase are used. Certain specific peculiarities and differences concerning the lectin binding with tissues of the organs studied are determined. Predominant binding is noted of the soybean lectin with parietal and mucin-producing cells of the stomach, with epitheliocytes of the duodenal glands, with the brush border of the epithelial cells of the intestinal villi. The lentil and castor-oil plant lectins make contours of the basal membrane epithelium in the stomach and intestine. The lentil lectin also reacts with the germinative centers of the stomach lymphatic nodules and the castor-oil plant agglutinin--with the brush border of the small intestine epitheliocytes. The lectins used are predominantly bound with neurons of the subcortical formations of the rat brain and cerebral cortex. By means of labelled lectins of lentil, soybean, and castor-oil plant it is possible to reveal certain modifications of the rat small intestine glycoconjugates produced by means of the immortelle extract. PMID- 3207400 TI - [Anatomo-anthropological typology of the jaws in man]. AB - Basing on the morphological signs selected in the morphologically contrast samples of the facial skeleton, 27 variants of the upper and lower jaws have been obtained for each, characterizing interconnection and interdependence of several morphological signs. Into each of these variants people of various races and sex, with massive or gracile masticatory apparatus can get. However, the reduction degree, directness, temps and successiveness of reorganizations together with exogenic influence within the limits of the normal reaction in various parts of the masticatory apparatus of the individuals, that belong to the same variant, is identical. Thus, an anatomo-anthropological typology of the dento-maxillary apparatus is obtained, owing to which it is possible to study and compare: 1- individual morphological peculiarities, 2--regional and ethnic norms in morphology of the jaws, 3--within the 27 variants of the structure selected it is possible to study functional, biochemical and other factors. The results demonstrate, that 27 morphological variants of the jaw structure can serve as anatomical marker for distinguishing 27 risk groups for caries. PMID- 3207401 TI - [Embryological premises for the emergence of congenital obstruction of the duodenum in man]. AB - There is no unity in views on the causes of the congenital "internal" duodenal obstruction occurring in the human being. The investigation makes it possible to conclude that the embryological premises for this pathology are: 1) death of epitheliocytes in the process of recanalization; 2) spiralization, resulting in narrowing the organ's flexure and in deformity of blood vessels. Morphogenesis of the duodenal papillae and of the intestinal villi contributes to stenosis of the intestinal canal. Spiralization and death of epitheliocytes--are normal processes of the embryonal organogenesis. But their abundance under influence of some external factors can stipulate disorders in the normal organogenesis. PMID- 3207402 TI - [Effect of deafferentation of the liver on hepatocytes located in various parts of the hepatic lobule]. AB - Taking into account the data on functional heterogeneity of hepatocytes, situating in various parts of the hepatic lobule, influence of deafferentation of the cat liver on changes in the size of hepatocytes and their nuclei, as well as contents of glycogen and nucleic acids in their cytoplasm have been investigated. The greatest decrease of the glycogen contents and the greatest increase of the nucleic acids and the nuclei volume take place in hepatocytes, situating around the central vein. PMID- 3207403 TI - [New developments in the method of teaching normal anatomy of man in medical institutes under conditions of perestroika of higher education]. PMID- 3207404 TI - [Optimization of the educational process]. PMID- 3207405 TI - [Recurrence rate of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and change in drinking pattern]. PMID- 3207406 TI - [Brain CT study on the alcohol dependence]. PMID- 3207407 TI - Effects of alcohol-drinking on mouse chromosomes. I. Sister-chromatid exchanges in the lymphocytes of mice administered ethanol. PMID- 3207408 TI - [Effect of ethanol administration on the concentrations of glutathione and alpha tocopherol in rat liver]. PMID- 3207409 TI - Effects of alcohol-drinking on mouse chromosomes. II. Sister-chromatid exchange and chromosome dissociation in male germ cells of mice administered ethanol. PMID- 3207410 TI - [Induction of physical dependence on morphine and genetic analysis of morphine withdrawal signs in mice]. PMID- 3207411 TI - Importance of unilateral examination in olfactometry. AB - Hyposmia, the decreased sense of smell, and anosmia, the loss of sense of smell, may be unilateral or bilateral. If the olfactory acuity examined by means of bilateral test is normal, olfactory disorders are not found; unilateral examination is therefore necessary for definite evaluation of olfactory acuity. As evidence, 7 cases out of 94 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and 6 cases out of 12 patients who received the surgery of anterior cranial fossa showed definite different olfactory threshold between nasal cavities, and there were no patients who recognized the diminished sense of smell in spite of unilateral high olfactory threshold. Additionally, we have experienced that a patient with brain tumor was diagnosed by the help of unilateral olfactory test. We thus strongly recommend the unilateral olfactometry as a method for simple and reliable test in clinical measurement of the sense of smell. PMID- 3207412 TI - Changes in soft palate taste buds of rats due to aging and zinc deficiency- scanning electron microscopic observation. AB - The effects of aging and zinc deficiencies on taste were studied. The soft palate of zinc-deficient old rats, prepared by feeding with a zinc-deficient diet, were studied by a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and comparative examination was made on the morphological changes in soft palate papillae and taste buds of young normal rats and control old rats. In the case of young normal rats, papillae similar to lingual fungiform papillae were observed on the soft palate; one taste bud per one papilla was observed. The papillae were concentrated in the central area of the soft palate continuing from the hard palate. In the case of old rats, decrease in the number of papillae, flattening of papillae, exfoliation and atrophy of mucosal epithelium and leveling of microplicae were observed. In the case of zinc-deficient old rats, the above mentioned tendencies were more significant. While dense substance and microvilli were observed in taste pores of taste buds of young normal rats, these were found to decrease or disappear in the zinc-deficient old rats. PMID- 3207414 TI - One hundred and seventy-five surgically treated malformations of the external and middle ear: findings and results. AB - During 10 years 222 patients suffering from malformation of the external and/or middle ear came for treatment to our clinic. One hundred and fifty-seven have been operated on, 139 on one side, 18 bilaterally. This report is based therefore upon 175 cases and deals especially with findings seen during operation, methods of reconstruction and results achieved. Thirty-six patients showed a stenosis of the external meatus, 78 had a partial or complete aplasia. In 61 ears exclusive malformation of middle ear structures was the cause of hearing loss (anomalies of malleus 58.2%, of incus 58.8% and of the stapes nearly always: 172 out of 175 ears). Combinations were frequent. Three structures may affect the development of the ossicular chain, when showing abnormal development themselves: 1) facial nerve, 2) a persistent stapedial artery and 3) the chorda tympani. Anomalies of the course of the facial nerve have been found in 87 ears. In 60 cases these deviations of the course caused obviously a malformation of the ossicular chain, too. A persistent stapedial artery has been seen in six ears. The stapes footplate was always fixed. In four patients a lateral deviation of the chorda tympani's course caused an interruption of the ossicular chain, mainly between the head and the handle of the malleus. The long process of the incus was involved, too, in different degree. The ratio between one-sided and bilateral aplasias was about 2:1. Our method to reconstruct the external meatus is described in detail. The functional results were very satisfying in exclusive anomalies of the ossicular chain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207413 TI - Partial laryngopharyngectomy for piriform sinus carcinoma. Technique and preliminary results. AB - This paper presents a technique for partial laryngopharyngectomy followed by a one-stage reconstruction and its preliminary results. This surgery is indicated for carefully selected cases in which the lesion is confined to the ipsilateral piriform sinus, aryepiglottic fold, arytenoid eminence and paraglottic space at the level of the false fold. The hyoid bone, thyroid ala, arytenoid cartilage, epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, arytenoid eminence and false fold are removed on the affected side. Reconstruction is performed with the use of a pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap. The surgery was performed on four cases: two were successful; one suffered from persistent postsurgical aspiration because the reconstructed hypopharynx was too wide; and one developed necrosis of PMMC flap and a secondary reconstruction procedure was performed. PMID- 3207415 TI - Histopathology of the temporal bones of deaf dogs. AB - Histopathological studies were done in 22 deaf dogs consisting of 10 Dalmatians, 5 English setters, 2 Great Danes, 2 foxhounds, 1 shepherd, 1 bulldog and 1 Australian sheep dog. Hypoplasia or aplasia of the sensory cells of the organ of Corti, stria vascularis and macula sacculi (pars inferior) was noted in all deaf dogs examined, indicating the pathology of inner ear malformation in these dogs to be of Scheibe's type. A solidified and calcified tectorial membrane was noted in 19 out of the 22 deaf dogs. A calcified sclerosis of the tectorial membrane is thought to be a characteristic finding of genetically inherited anomaly of the inner ear in deaf dogs. Distortion of the tectorial membrane, absence of the sensory cells in the organ of Corti, agenesis of the stria vascularis and abnormalities of the saccule described Scheibe's dysgenesis of the pars inferior as the pathological correlate for deafness in these dogs as assessed functionally. PMID- 3207416 TI - Cachectin/TNF stimulation of ATP synthesis in 30A-5 preadipocytes. AB - Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) one of the cytokines secreted by reticuloendothelial cells and lymphocytes, evokes a multitude of biological effects in different cells. Although the effects of TNF on adipocytes generally appear rather slowly, we have found that TNF almost instantaneously stimulates respiration and respiration-coupled ATP synthesis in 30A-5 preadipocytes. This novel TNF effect might be one of the essential early steps in the cachectic mobilization of energy reserves associated with TNF action in vivo. PMID- 3207417 TI - Nucleation and accretion of bioelastomeric fibers at biological temperatures and low concentrations. AB - Quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) studies are reported, which address the early stages of aggregation of the polypentamer poly(VPGVG). This reflects the major primary structural feature of native elastin. The study is focused on the region of the phase diagram which in both its temperature and concentration range is closest to the state of affairs occurring in the course of bioelastogenesis by progressive synthesis of the precursor protein. Results here reported allow for the first time a self-consistent view of the physics of elastogenesis, and specify the role of the region of metastability and of that of instability of the phase diagram in the non-chaotic, orderly formation of elastomeric fibers. PMID- 3207418 TI - Retinol-binding protein is synthesized in the mammalian eye. AB - As the chromophoric component of the visual pigment, retinol plays an essential role in vision. In the plasma, retinol is transported by retinol-binding protein (RBP) in complex with transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin). In previous work we demonstrated intraocular synthesis of TTR. To determine whether RBP is also synthesized in the eye, we performed Northern and Western blot analysis of rat eye, and detected both RBP mRNA and immunoreactive RBP. Regional Northern analysis of bovine eye localized RBP mRNA to ciliary body/iris and retina/RPE. Preliminary immunohistochemical studies revealed a widespread but heterogeneous distribution of RBP in rat eye. We postulate that ocular RBP and TTR are involved in the intraocular translocation of retinol. PMID- 3207420 TI - Crystallization and some properties of acetylpolyamine amidohydrolase from Mycoplana bullata. AB - During the course of investigations on the catabolism of acetylpolyamines by microorganisms, we found that acetylpolyamine amidohydrolase was produced by Mycoplana bullata FERM BP-1845 and isolated the enzyme from the cell-free extract in crystalline form. The enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 67 kDa and was composed of two identical subunits. The enzyme activity was inhibited by o oxyquinoline and the crystalline enzyme contained one zinc atom per each subunit. The enzyme had an optimal pH around 8.0 with acetylputrescine as substrate and showed broad substrate specificity and high affinity towards various acetylpolyamines, such as acetylputrescine, acetylcadaverine, acetylspermidine, and acetylspermine. PMID- 3207419 TI - Characterization and localization of a novel neuroreceptor for the peptide sarafotoxin. AB - We have recently shown that the rat atrium and brain contain specific high affinity receptors for the novel snake vasoconstrictor peptide sarafotoxin-b (SRTXb), and demonstrated toxin-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Here we report on the characteristics of 125I-SRTXb receptors and their regional distribution in rat brain. 125I-SRTX receptors in the rat brain bind the toxin rapidly and with high affinity. The binding was not inhibited by ligands of known neurotransmitter receptor and ion channels. 125I-SRTX receptors have a distinctive regional distribution. The highest densities were observed in the cerebellum, thalamus and hypothalamus (850, 550 and 450 fmol/mg protein, respectively) and the lowest densities in the caudate and cerebral cortex (82 and 62 fmol/mg protein, respectively). Taken together our results suggest that mammalian brains contain a hitherto undetected neuroreceptor that may operate in neurotransmission with a "SRTX-like" brain peptide, similar to the SRTX homologous vasoconstrictor peptide of the mammalian endothelium endothelin. PMID- 3207421 TI - Apolipoprotein E genotyping using the polymerase chain reaction and allele specific oligonucleotide probes. AB - A rapid procedure for determining apolipoprotein E genotype from genomic DNA has been developed. In this procedure, DNA is amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and allele-specific oligonucleotide probes are used to detect the cysteine-arginine interchanges at residues 112 and 158 that distinguish the three common isoforms of apolipoprotein E. The method was tested with 68 subjects, representing the six common phenotypes, and yielded results consistent with the known phenotype. PMID- 3207422 TI - Calcium sensitive isocitrate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activities in rat liver and AS-30D hepatoma mitochondria. AB - NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in extracts of mitochondria from the highly malignant AS-30D rat hepatoma cell line demonstrate Ca2+ sensitivities and affinities for substrates similar to those of normal liver mitochondria. However, the maximal activities of NAD+- and NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase were found to be 8 and 3.5 fold higher in hepatoma mitochondrial extracts than those of liver mitochondria, whereas maximal activities of succinate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenases were similar in the two tissues. At pyridine nucleotide concentrations giving the lowest physiological NADH/NAD+ ratio, NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in hepatoma mitochondrial extracts was completely inhibited at subsaturating concentrations of Ca2+, substrate, and NAD+, in contrast to rat liver mitochondrial extracts which retained significant activity. PMID- 3207423 TI - Di-O-alkylglycerol, mono-O-alkylglycerol and ceramide inositol phosphates of Leishmania mexicana mexicana promastigotes. AB - Three acidic unsaponifiable lipid fractions were isolated by chromatographic methods from sandfly vector stages (promastigotes) of a protozoan parasite of man, Leishmania mexicana mexicana, cultured in vitro. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, fast atom bombardment collision induced tandem mass spectrometry and metabolic labeling were used to characterize these lipids as di-O alkylphosphatidyl-inositols, lyso-1-O-alkylphosphatidylinositols and inositol phosphosphingolipids. Molecular species of the dialkyl forms, new to natural product biochemistry, had a 20:0 substituent and either 17:1 or 18:1. The monoalkyl forms had either 17:0 or 18:0. The predominant ceramide had the 16:1 base and the lesser component the 16:0 base. In both, the N-acyl group was 18:0. PMID- 3207424 TI - Dissociative extraction and partial purification of osteogenin, a bone inductive protein, from rat tooth matrix by heparin affinity chromatography. AB - Implantation of demineralized tooth matrix in subcutaneous sites results in new bone formation locally. The osteoinductive activity of the tooth matrix was dissociatively extracted in 4.0 M guanidine hydrochloride and the residue was devoid of biologic activity. The bone inductive protein, osteogenin, was partially purified by heparin affinity chromatography. The heparin binding fraction initiated the bone differentiation cascade when implanted with guanidine extracted, inactive bone or tooth matrices. These results imply a cooperative interaction between the soluble osteogenin and collagenous substratum in bone induction. PMID- 3207425 TI - A measurement of cerebral glucose uptake rate by 31P MRS. AB - A method for the measurement of cerebral glucose uptake rate by in vivo 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is proposed. The initial rate of 2-deoxy glucose (DG) uptake after DG administration is measured by the increase of 2 deoxy-glucose-6-phosphate (DG6P) signal at a chemical shift of 7.2 ppm with respect to phosphocreatine (PCr). The values for four different metabolic states of rat brain (two levels of epileptic seizures induced by bicuculline, nitrous oxide analgesia and pentobarbital anesthesia) were in good agreement with the previously reported ones by radioisotope methods. This method appears to be useful for measuring cerebral glucose uptake rate. PMID- 3207426 TI - Nucleotide sequence and tissue distribution of the human mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase mRNA. AB - The cDNA of human mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (E.C.2.6.1.1.) was isolated from a human liver cDNA library using a rat mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase cDNA as probe. The sequence of this cDNA gives a predicted aminoacid sequence for the human presequence and for the human mature protein exhibiting respectively 93% and 95% homology with rat sequences. A Northern blot of total RNA, isolated from various human tissues and hybridized with this cDNA, revealed a single 2.4 Kb RNA band. Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase RNA was clearly detected in human kidney, placenta, stomach and spleen as well as in both fetal and adult liver. PMID- 3207427 TI - Azidothymidine inhibits mitogen stimulated growth and DNA-repair in human peripheral lymphocytes. AB - Until now, 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is the most widely used drug in AIDS therapy, but the positive anti HIV effect of the drug is often accompanied by severe side effects such as bone-marrow suppression. In the present study, the effect of AZT on UV induced DNA strand-break rejoining and on phytohemagglutinin stimulated growth of lymphocytes from 7 healthy volunteers has been examined, and inhibitory effects of the drug was observed at therapeutic concentrations, i.e. 1 10 uM AZT. PMID- 3207428 TI - Age-related changes in the expression of cytochrome P-450 (b+e) gene in the rat after phenobarbitone administration. AB - Run-on transcription of total RNA and the level of cytochrome P-450 (b+e) mRNA were measured in the liver at different times after administering phenobarbitone (PB) to young (21 wk) and old (120 wk) female rats. Cyto P-450 poly A+ mRNA is stimulated only in the liver and not in brain and kidney. Even though the stimulation of transcription is higher in the young after PB administration, the cytoplasmic RNA peaks earlier in the old. This may be due to faster transport of transcripts from the old nucleus. Furthermore, four P-450 transcripts ranging from 1.5 to 3.0 kb are detected from old nuclear RNA, which possibly represent different stages of processing of its pre-mRNA. These data show that significant changes in the cyto P-450 catalysed reactions may occur in the old liver that may alter its metabolism, especially of steroids. PMID- 3207429 TI - Human hexokinase: sequences of amino- and carboxyl-terminal halves are homologous. AB - cDNA clones encoding human hexokinase have been isolated from an adult kidney library. Analysis of this 917 amino acid protein (Mr = 102,519) indicates that the sequences of the NH2- and COOH-terminal halves, corresponding to the regulatory and catalytic domains, respectively, are homologous; and that eukaryotic hexokinases evolved by duplication of a gene encoding a protein of 450 amino acids. The COOH-terminal half of the protein created by this gene duplication retained the glucose binding site and glucose phosphorylating activity while the substrate binding sites of the NH2-terminal half evolved into a new allosteric effector site. PMID- 3207430 TI - Interaction of DNA hairpin loops and a complementary strand by a triplet of base pairs. AB - Hypothesis of non-enzymatic recognition of primordial tRNA and mRNA precursors is experimentally approached. DNA hairpins containing a different number of deoxyguanosine residues in the loop are analyzed for their binding ability to a chemically fixed single-strand of oligo(dC). In presence of small Mg2+ concentration a hairpin with five dG residues in the loop is adsorbed to affinity matrix. Comparison of elution temperatures of hairpin oligonucleotides with those of single-stranded oligoguanylic acids with length of the loop indicates, that smallest loop able to bind forms a triplet of base pairs. PMID- 3207431 TI - Manganese, Mn-dependent peroxidases, and the biodegradation of lignin. AB - Manganese and Mn-dependent peroxidases have been implicated in the enzymatic degradation of lignin. However, the specific role of manganese is uncertain. We report here the novel observation that in the absence of enzyme, suitably chelated Mn3+ is a ligninolytic agent capable of oxidizing veratryl alcohol, lignin model compounds, and lignin. We also demonstrate the unexpected effect of reducing agents which stimulate the oxidations by Mn3+. The stimulation is apparently through the production of a reduced oxygen species likely to be superoxide. These observations provide a fresh insight into the process of lignin biodegradation. PMID- 3207432 TI - [The effect of a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam against clinical anaerobic isolates]. AB - Effect of a Combination of Ampicillin and Sulbactam on Clinical Isolates of Anaerobic Bacteria. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 182 recent clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria to ampicillin alone, ampicillin plus 1 mg/l sulbactam, ampicillin plus 5 mg/l sulbactam, and cefoxitin was studied by means of agar dilution tests. The ampicillin-sulbactam combination (Unacid) was most effective against species of the Bacteroides fragilis group, the MIC90 of ampicillin plus 5 mg/l sulbactam for B. fragilis being less than or equal to 1 mg/l, compared to 256 mg/l of ampicillin, 4 mg/l of ampicillin plus 1 mg/l sulbactam, and 8 mg/l of cefoxitin. No significant difference between ampicillin alone and in combination with sulbactam was observed against gram-positive anaerobic rods or cocci. PMID- 3207433 TI - Ganglioside therapy in experimental diabetic neuropathy. AB - Streptozocin-diabetic rats were treated with a mixture of gangliosides (Cronassial, 21% GM1, 40%GD1a, 16% GD1b, 19% GT1b) in different application schemes: a) daily s.c. injection of 20 mg/kg gangliosides starting from the first day of diabetes and continued for 8 weeks; b) application of the same dose but only every second day over the same period of time; c) daily application of the same dose is started four weeks after induction of diabetes and continued for 4 weeks; d) daily injections of a corresponding volume of physiological saline. Serial in vivo determinations of conduction velocities in the tail nerve of these animals and of non-diabetic control animals gave the following results: 1. The nerve conduction velocities decreased in all diabetic groups which is evidence for the development of a peripheral diabetic neuropathy. 2. The finding from a previous study is reproduced showing that daily application of gangliosides counteracts this deceleration of nerve conduction. 3. Application of the same dose every second day is nearly as effective in inhibiting the development of the diabetic neuropathy as daily injections. 4. When a daily ganglioside treatment is started four weeks after the onset of diabetes, the existing neuropathy is reduced. The possible basis for this ganglioside effect on experimental peripheral neuropathy and its significance for the treatment of human diabetic polyneuropathies is discussed. PMID- 3207434 TI - Pharmacological studies of lappaconitine. Analgesic activities. AB - The analgesic activity of lappaconitine, which is contained in the root of Aconitum sinomantanum Nakai, was examined after oral and subcutaneous administration to mice or rats by using methods for screening of analgesics, i.e., hot plate, tail immersion, tail pinch, tail pressure, acetic acid-induced writhing, bradykinin-induced flexor reflex of hind limb and Randall-Selitto methods. The results were compared with those for morphine, indometacin and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Analgesic activities of lappaconitine were greater than those of indometacin and ASA, but generally about 2 to 5 times less than those of morphine. However, in the rat tail immersion test, orally administered lappaconitine exhibited more potent analgesic activity than morphine; in this test, lappaconitine was almost equipotent when given orally and subcutaneously, whereas the potency of orally administered morphine was only one-twentieth of that of subcutaneously administered morphine. Like morphine, lappaconitine increased the pain threshold of the normal paw as well as that of the inflamed paw when tested by the Randall-Selitto method. The results show that lappaconitine has strong analgesic activity, and further suggest that the central nervous system may be involved in the action on the pain threshold. PMID- 3207435 TI - Reversible prevention of platelet activation by (E,Z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11 triene 9-oxide (ajoene) in dogs under extracorporeal circulation. AB - Ajoene ((E,Z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide), an organosulfur compound derived from garlic inhibits platelet activation induced ex vivo by all known agonists. The effect of ajoene on the thrombocytopenia associated with the circulation of blood through extracorporeal devices such as dialyzers or oxygenators was studied under the following conditions: Ex vivo using fresh, heparinized human blood, circulating through a dialyzer or oxygenator, and in vivo, in dogs subjected to extracorporeal circulation. In both experimental conditions ajoene proved very efficacious in preventing platelet loss (60-65% loss in controls vs. 15-20% loss in the presence of ajoene, p less than 0.01). Moreover, recuperation of platelet function was achieved after 3-4 h in the in vivo experiments. PMID- 3207436 TI - Disposition and metabolism of [14C]-amezinium metilsulfate in rats. AB - Disposition and metabolism of [14C]-amezinium metilsulfate (4-amino-6-methoxy-1 phenylpyridazinium methylsulfate, Risumic) were systematically studied in rats after intravenous (5 mg/kg) or oral (20, 100 mg/kg) administration. After oral administration at 20 mg/kg, blood level reached the maximum (Cmax) of 0.65 microgram eq/ml at 3 h (tmax) and decreased with t1/2 of 8.1 h. Levels in plasma and most tissues elevated to the Cmax at 3 h. The liver level was the highest (61 times as high as plasma level) of all examined tissues. Most tissue levels decreased thereafter essentially in parallel with plasma levels. The findings by whole-body autoradiography essentially agreed with those by radiometry. In lactating rats, milk levels were virtually similar to plasma levels. [14C] Amezinium metilsulfate radioactivity in fetus and fetal blood was around 0.3 microgram eq/g, being about 1/10 level of maternal plasma level. About 24, 72 and 42% were excreted in urine, feces and bile, respectively. Re-absorption of biliary metabolites accounted for about 31%, being about 13% of orally given [14C]-amezinium metilsulfate. Plasma and aorta contained unchanged amezinium and glucuronide of hydroxyl amezinium MIII. In the brain, the major metabolite was O demethyl amezinium MV and unchanged drug was not detected. Urinary metabolites were largely MIII glucuronide and the unchanged drug. Biliary metabolite was found composed mostly from MIII glucuronide. In feces, MIII and the unchanged amezinium were found. MIII and its glucuronide were novel metabolites which were identified by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. PMID- 3207437 TI - Effects of bezafibrate and gemfibrozil on serum lipoproteins in primary hypercholesterolemia. AB - 29 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia were treated for 8 weeks each with either bezafibrate (200 mg t.i.d.) or gemfibrozil (600 mg b.i.d.) in a randomized cross-over trial. Compared to placebo bezafibrate was significantly more effective on low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (-28% versus -18%) and the LDL/high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (-34% versus -24%) by exploratory statistics. There was also a trend for a more marked reduction of bezafibrate on total cholesterol and apoliproprotein B as well as more pronounced increase in HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I. The triglyceride reduction tended to be more extensive with gemfibrozil. Complicance to both drugs was good. No side effects were observed. The results are considered important with respect to the potential of bezafibrate in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3207438 TI - [Double-blind study of the effect of cyclotropium bromide on the smooth musculature of the esophagus. Description of a test of spasmolytic action]. AB - Esophageal manometry can be employed to quantify the effects of antispasmodics in human subjects. Because of this, the effects of intravenously administered ciclotropium bromide (CTB) or hyoscine N-butylbromide (HNB) on esophagus smooth muscles were tested by manometry against saline (placebo) in 10 healthy volunteers in a randomized double-blind study. Tolerance as well as efficacy of CTB and HNB were evaluated. CTB administered intravenously significantly reduced the peristalsis amplitude following dry and wet acts of swallowing for at least 90 min. HNB caused a similar reduction which lasted only for 10 min. No reduction was observed following placebo except for physiological fluctuations. This shows that intravenous CTB causes a long-lasting reduction of smooth muscle contractions following the act of swallowing. Following placebo the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was higher than baseline values during the entire 90 min measurement period. CTB administration resulted in a significant reduction of the LES pressure compared to placebo. After HNB administration there was an initial decrease of the LES pressure lasting 30 min which was followed by an increase. None of the 3 drugs affected systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The heart rate did not change following placebo. After HNB administration heart rate was elevated at 15 min but decreased thereafter and was significantly lower than the baseline value at 45 min and later. CTB caused a significant increase of the heart rate at all sampling times. This increase corresponds well with the side-effects reported by 7 of the 10 subjects. PMID- 3207439 TI - Quality assurance of products manufactured by recombinant DNA technology. Introduction and elements of a philosophy. AB - The risk of gene technology has been overrated, leading to regulations which are unnecessarily strict. Industry can contribute to relaxation of such controls by making its experiences in production available to the authorities concerned. Good manufacturing practice (GMP) for large scale operations mainly covers the risks of gene technology in industrialised countries; to what extent this also applies to developing countries is not yet certain. Quality assurance of recombinant DNA technology derived products requires control of the starting materials (host organism and DNA vector), manufacturing process and final product. The host organism and DNA vector are beyond pharmacopoeial control; this control must be exercised by the competent national authorities, concerned with licensing of pharmaceutical production. The same applies to the validation of methods designed to exclude viral contamination during manufacture. The risk of introducing DNA engineered organisms into the environment remains to be studied. Application of gene technology in the development and production of pharmaceutical products does not call for rigid directives, but for guidelines and lists of "Points to consider". PMID- 3207440 TI - Regulating recombinant DNA biologics. AB - Biologics have been regulated in the United States since 1902. Many new products and technologies have been introduced since that original Act defined a biologic and specified how they should be controlled. Fortunately, that authorizing authority, now known as Section 351 of the Public Health Service Act, proved to be flexible enough to provide adequate assurance of the safety, purity, and efficacy of these new products, with minimal promulgation of regulations. The new biotechnology products, although presenting a challenge, are being regulated consistent with our policy for all other biologics. The scientific advances now possible because of recombinant DNA technology are seeming unlimited. Safety issues resulting from the use of such products are examined. These issues include: a) alterations in molecular structure; b) chemical and physical alterations; and c) purity standards of final products. Lastly, strategies that have been developed for regulating these biotechnical products, within the framework of FDA statutes and regulations are reviewed. PMID- 3207442 TI - A view from the other side of the street. PMID- 3207443 TI - Is it stuttering? PMID- 3207441 TI - 1988 ASHA annual convention. November 18-21, 1988, Boston. Abstracts. PMID- 3207444 TI - The dysphagia controversy. PMID- 3207445 TI - Characteristics of signal stimuli for 19 auditory evoked potential instruments. PMID- 3207446 TI - Audiologists providing services to industry and dispensing products. PMID- 3207447 TI - Guidelines for audiometric symbols. PMID- 3207448 TI - Use of rigid and flexible sigmoidoscopy by family physicians in the United States. AB - To investigate the incidence of use of the flexible and rigid proctosigmoidoscopes by family physicians, a questionnaire was mailed to 1,585 randomly selected members of the American Academy of Family Physicians. Of the total of 1,057 respondents, 48 percent performed sigmoidoscopy, with 30 percent performing flexible sigmoidoscopy, 31 percent performing rigid sigmoidoscopy, and 48 percent performing at least one of the procedures. Younger physicians were found to be more likely to perform flexible sigmoidoscopy, as were physicians who practice in communities of fewer than 500,000 population. Nationwide, more of the flexible procedures are performed in private offices than in the hospital. Physicians in communities of less than 500,000, however, are more likely to use the flexible sigmoidoscope in a hospital setting than are physicians in larger urban areas [corrected]. Board-certified physicians were more likely to perform one or both procedures than were noncertified physicians. PMID- 3207450 TI - [Brucellosis 1986]. PMID- 3207449 TI - Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. Argyrol and argyria. PMID- 3207451 TI - [Whooping cough 1986]. PMID- 3207452 TI - [Botulism 1986]. PMID- 3207453 TI - Auditory evoked potential and psychiatry. AB - An adolescent was implied in a car accident in which he suffered a head trauma without any substantial loss of consciousness. The posttraumatic syndrome was characterized by headaches and mental symptoms: nervousness, feelings of depersonalization, impaired memory, difficulty in concentration. Neurological examination and laboratory tests have always been normal but for a large perduring asymmetry at the Cortical Auditory Evoked Response. This finding is commented in the light of a review of the literature and of some neuropsychological findings. PMID- 3207454 TI - Caution continues over transplants. PMID- 3207455 TI - An image analysis morphometric method for the study of myelinated nerve fibers from mouse trigeminal root. AB - For the morphometric light microscopic study of myelinated fibers in mouse trigeminal root, it was necessary to write: (1) an entirely automatic analysis program for the myelinated axons inside the myelin sheath, based on the detection of the myelin sheaths, and (2) an interactive analysis program for the myelinated fibers outside the myelin sheath, due to the high density of compactness of the myelinated fibers based on an indirect fiber individualization by reconstructing them from their axons. In the latter, a semiautomatic correction method (drawing the profile contours with a light pen) allowed compensation for the failures of the automatic method, except for the smallest fibers, which represented 8% of the total. Using these programs, 95% of the axons could be measured and 92% of the myelinated fibers whose axons were analyzed could be measured. The area equivalent diameter was independent of the detection method; it is a correct-size measurement parameter for axons and fibers that is unrelated to their shape. The projected diameter, an estimation of the perimeter obtained by measurement of the profile projections, depended upon the detection method because the profile contour was influenced by the detection method; it thus takes into account the profile shape. For myelinated fibers, whose analysis program used two detection methods (automatic and semiautomatic), there was an average difference of 16% between the projected diameters obtained with these two methods, whereas the equivalent diameter value was the same. The fiber circularity factor could not be precisely estimated because of the detection error; the axon circularity factor was more reliable since the axon detection was completely automatic. PMID- 3207457 TI - Morphometric characteristics of hepatocellular dysplasia. AB - Morphometric study of liver biopsies from six entities (normal tissue, post hepatitis cirrhosis, post-alcoholic cirrhosis, cancer-related cirrhosis, hepatocellular adenoma and hepatocellular adenocarcinoma) confirmed that this technique can be a valuable adjunct to histopathologic study in the examination of such specimens. As expected, measurements in cirrhotic nodules showed two populations of cells. The so-called "large dysplastic cells" had nuclear and cellular areas close to those of normal hepatocytes and should thus be considered to be hyperplastic elements, not precancerous elements. The smaller dysplastic cells had morphometric values close to those of the corresponding hepatocellular carcinomas, indicating that these cells are the truly precancerous ones. Therefore, while the study confirmed that hepatic cirrhosis is a precancerous lesion, it also showed that the term hepatocellular dysplasia must be restricted to the smaller type of cells found in such nodules. PMID- 3207456 TI - Automated image analysis of in vitro decondensation of human spermatozoa nuclei. III. Variable decondensation with and without incubation in the seminal fluid. AB - The effect of seminal fluid upon human spermatozoa was analyzed using in vitro chromatin decondensation and automated image analysis. A number of specimen portions processed after incubation in seminal fluid showed different total mean areas as compared to the corresponding portions processed immediately. Comparison of the results obtained with and without delay showed that the incubation in seminal fluid promoted decondensation in some cases, but retarded it in others. Thus, the seminal fluid stabilized the chromatin condensation in some spermatozoa, but not all. The stabilization may be due to the influence of prostatic zinc. PMID- 3207458 TI - The influence of variations in the measuring procedure on quantitative nuclear image features in histologic sections of lung tissue. AB - The qualitative and quantitative features of cell nuclei in tissue sections play an important role in diagnostic histopathology; variations in staining intensity and measuring procedures may interfere with their proper evaluation. To identify nuclear features that are relatively insensitive to these technical variables, the influence of critical steps in a scanning-stage densitometer measuring system was studied on 87 quantitative nuclear image (QNI) features in histologic sections of lung tissue. The influences of the following measuring variations were evaluated: interactive segmentation (with and without median filtering; with and without 5% uniform distributed noise added); scanning (with and without median filtering); calibration of the photomultiplier (different background localizations and different intensity levels); and time. In addition, the influence of artificially changed intensity variations was investigated. The results showed that, while the coefficient of variation (CV) induced by variations in the measuring system was usually low (below 10%), for some QNI features the CV can be high (up to 216%). The influence of artificial variations in intensity was restricted: only a minority of the QNI features showed a significant difference. Of the 87 QNI features, 35 had a CV of less than 10%, and 25 of these were significantly correlated with each other. Thus, only ten uncorrelated, low-CV QNI features remained; these belonged to all of the different QNI feature categories used. These features may be diagnostically important since they may best describe the morphologic properties of the nuclei. The results of this study should help in selecting quantitative nuclear image features that are less sensitive to variations in the measuring procedure and staining intensity. PMID- 3207459 TI - Diagnostic significance of flow cytometric DNA analysis applied for the detection of cancer cells in bronchial washing fluid. AB - Since both DNA aneuploidy and increased proliferative activity are important characteristics of malignant neoplasms, flow cytometric (FCM) analysis was used to examine the cell content in bronchial washing samples obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy from 73 patients. The results were compared with the results of histology and conventional cytology. The patients included 30 with bronchial carcinomas, 12 with bronchopneumonia and 31 with no evidence of lung disease. Of the 30 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancers, 25 showed either aneuploid stem lines (19 cases) or high levels of proliferation (6 cases) as determined by analysis of cell-cycle stages. The same rate of cancer cell detection was obtained by cytology. In the 43 cases with neither histologic nor clinical evidence of malignancy, FCM data yielded 5 false-positive results, as compared to 4 erroneous suspicions of cancer by cytology. From these data, it is concluded that FCM measurements of both DNA ploidy and proliferative activity may complement conventional cytology in the recognition of bronchial carcinomas. PMID- 3207460 TI - A quantitative cytologic study of sputum in early squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - The abnormal cells (atypical squamous cells and cancer cells) in the sputum of 12 in situ and 20 early invasive squamous cell carcinomas were studied quantitatively and compared with the cells in 12 borderline cases and 11 frankly invasive squamous cell carcinomas, In in situ and early invasive squamous cell carcinomas, the mean nuclear diameters were larger and multinucleated cells and distinct nucleoli were more frequent than in borderline cases. Furthermore, the mean cellular diameters and the number of abnormal cells per slide were smaller, the distinct nucleoli were less frequent and acidophilic cytoplasms were more frequent than in frankly invasive squamous cell carcinomas. The results indicate that (1) in situ and early invasive squamous cell carcinomas are generally distinguishable cytologically from borderline cases and from frankly invasive squamous cell carcinomas and (2) the cytologic differentiation between in situ and early invasive squamous cell carcinomas is quantitatively insufficient. PMID- 3207461 TI - Macrophage size determinations in the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions. AB - This study investigated the usefulness of macrophage size determinations in lymphocyte-rich pleural effusions to improve the cytologic diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. The size of pleural macrophages was analyzed by quantitative morphometric planimetry in 18 effusions due to tuberculosis, 21 effusions following radiotherapy for malignant disease and 10 effusions due to congestive heart failure. Macrophages were identified and clearly separated from mesothelial cells by latex phagocytosis and immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody My4 (CD14). The mean macrophage area (+/- standard deviation) in tuberculous effusions (92 +/- 14 sq micron) was significantly smaller than in postradiation (141 +/- 28 sq micron) and heart-failure effusions (154 +/- 22 sq micron) (P less than .0001). There was also a smaller ratio of mesothelial cells in tuberculous effusions (0.5 +/- 0.9%) in comparison with effusions following radiotherapy (4 +/- 5%) or congestive heart failure (10 +/- 12%). In summary, this study demonstrated some cytomorphologic parameters that may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous effusions. PMID- 3207462 TI - Primary (essential) thrombocythemia versus polycythemia vera rubra. A histomorphometric analysis of bone marrow features in trephine biopsies. AB - A morphometric analysis of bone marrow biopsies was performed in 25 patients each with clinical diagnoses of primary (essential) thrombocythemia (PTH) and polycythemia vera rubra (P. vera) according to the rigid diagnostic criteria of the Polycythemia Vera Study Group to reveal significant differences in the histomorphologic features between these disorders. In comparison with control specimens of patients without any hematologic disease, megakaryocyte proliferation was most prominent in PTH, even exceeding that of P. vera with concomitant thrombocythemia (11 of 25 cases with a platelet count greater than 600 X 10(9)/L). Moreover, in P. vera there were wide ranges of megakaryocyte sizes, consisting of micro-megakaryocytes as well as giant forms with highly segmented nuclei (four nuclear lobes), which gave the cells a pleomorphic appearance. As compared with the normal bone marrow, the amount of neutrophilic granulopoiesis and erythropoiesis was not significantly increased in PTH, in contrast to P. vera. Similar results were obtainable regarding the density of reticulin (argyrophilic) fibers: a normal content was encountered in the control specimens and PTH, whereas P. vera displayed a minimal-to-slight increase. Finally, the bone marrow of P. vera was totally devoid of stainable iron while hemosiderin deposits were detected in about two-thirds of the patients without hematologic disorders and in PTH. The characteristic differences revealed by this morphometric study may lead to an improvement of the controversial histologic diagnosis in these disorders. PMID- 3207463 TI - Footprinting studies on the interactions of nogalamycin, arugomycin, decilorubicin and viriplanin with DNA. AB - DNase I footprinting studies employing several DNA fragments have confirmed that nogalamycin binds preferentially to regions of DNA containing alternating purines and pyrimidines. Arugomycin and viriplanin A, related compounds which contain additional sugar residues at both ends of the molecule, produce similar patterns of nuclease protection though at higher drug concentrations. The pattern induced by decilorubicin, which has charged groups at both ends of the aglycone, differs in many details and this analogue appears to display a modified DNA sequence selectivity. The results have been confirmed by similar studies using DNase II. All four compounds increase the susceptibility of certain adenine residues to modification by diethylpyrocarbonate. The results suggest an intercalative mode of binding for these nogalamycin analogues, and reveals an increased complexity in compounds which can bind to DNA by this mechanism. PMID- 3207464 TI - Comparative DNA damage induced by nitroimidazole-aziridine drugs: 1. Effects of methyl substitution on drug action. AB - RSU-1069 (1-(-3-aziridinyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-2-nitroimidazole) is a bifunctional chemo- and radiosensitizing agent. The properties of these functional groups may be examined by comparison of drug-induced DNA damage oxically, a measure of aziridine-induced damage and, during anoxic electrochemical reduction of the nitro-group, a measure of DNA damage resulting from the combined activity of reduced nitro group intermediates and alkylation by the aziridine moiety. In this study, a series of nitroimidazole aziridines have been studied and compared. The compounds used were RSU-1069, five methyl substituted derivatives: RSU-1131, RSU 1150, RSU-1164, RSU-1172, RB-7040; a 4-nitroimidazole derivative, RSU-1170, and RSU-1137, the non-alkylating hydrolysis product of RSU-1069. DNA damage, occurring oxically or as a consequence of nitro reduction, decreases with increasing substitution of the aziridine ring. Most DNA damage occurring oxically is produced by RSU-1069 and RSU-1170, both compounds having unsubstituted aziridine rings; least DNA damage is produced by RSU-1137. In general, the extent of DNA damage during electrochemical reduction is greater than that occurring oxically, this being due to an assumed combination of alkylation and reduced nitro-group intermediates. There is a direct correlation between the half-lives of the compounds and the extent of DNA damage occurring under oxic conditions. A direct correlation of the aerobic toxicities of the compounds tested, relative to RSU-1069, and the number of unsubstituted sites available for nucleophilic attack on the aziridine moiety has also been shown. PMID- 3207465 TI - Toxicity and anti-tumor activity of hydrophobic diammine and diaminocyclohexane platinum complexes entrapped in multilamellar vesicles. AB - The toxicity and anti-tumor activity of a lipophilic diaminocyclohexane (DACH) platinum complex entrapped in liposomes (liposomal-cis-bis-neodecanoato-trans-R, R-1, 2-DACH platinum II-L-NDDP) were compared with those of the liposomal preparation of the same compound without the DACH group (liposomal-cis-bis neodecanoato-(diammine) platinum II-L-CNDP). Both liposomal preparations had the same liposome size distribution, drug entrapment efficiency (greater than 95%), and liposome stability (greater than 95%). Although no differences were observed in the mouse LD50 (60.2 mg/kg for L-NDDP vs 67.8 mg/kg for L-CNDP), the liposome entrapped non-DACH compound (L-CNDP) was more nephrotoxic than the liposome entrapped DACH compound (L-NDDP), but much less than cisplatin (CDDP) (mean BUN elevation 4 days after the administration of the LD50 dose 67 mg% for L-CNDP vs 30 mg% for L-NDDP vs 255 mg% for CDDP). L-NDDP was not cross-resistant with CDDP against L1210/CDDP leukemia while L-CNDP was cross-resistant (%T/C 200 for L NDDP, 112 for CDDP, and 100 for L-CNDP). In addition, L-NDDP was slightly more active than L-CNDP against i.p. L1210/0 leukemia and i.v. M5076 reticulosarcoma. These studies suggest that the attachment of a cyclohexane group to the amino functions of lipophilic platinum complexes results in a decrease of the nephrotoxicity and a lack of cross-resistance with CDDP. The lack of cross resistance is preserved when the compounds are entrapped and delivered in a liposomal carrier but not when they are delivered in a micellar suspension. PMID- 3207466 TI - Combination effects of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum with selected metahalones, pyrimidine sulfoxides and pyrimidine sulfones on human NHIK 3025 cells in vitro. AB - Synergistic cell inactivating effects were displayed when human NHIK 3025 cells cultivated in vitro were treated with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) in simultaneous combination with selected metahalones, pyrimidine sulfoxides and sulfones. Cell inactivation was measured as the percentage of single cells surviving and able to give rise to macroscopic colonies following drug treatment. Selection of compounds was made according to the presence and position of certain structural groups. For 5-halo-pyrimidin-2-ones (the metahalones), a propargyl substituent attached to the pyrimidine ring at the 1-position resulted in compounds causing potentiation of cis-DDP-induced cell inactivation. An iodo or trifluoromethyl substituent at the 5-position led to a reduction in cis-DDP + metahalone synergism respective to a 5-chloro substituent. Cell survival following 1 h treatment with the metahalones alone was always near 100%. The cell inactivating effect of pyrimidine sulfoxides and sulfones alone and in simultaneous combination with cis-DDP was also investigated. Treatment of human cells with pyrimidine sulfoxides and sulfones alone resulted in reduced cell survival relative to the metahalones. When tested in combination with cis-DDP, pyrimidine sulfoxides and sulfones containing a propargyl moiety bound at the sulfur atom were found to potentiate the cell inactivating effect of cis-DDP. Other substituents induced only minor effects. PMID- 3207467 TI - Aggravation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by cimetidine. PMID- 3207468 TI - Polymorphism of the seventh component of complement (C7) in a healthy Caucasian population: an immunoblotting study with neuraminidase-treated samples. AB - Genetic polymorphism of the seventh component of complement (C7) was studied in a healthy Caucasian population using polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing of neuraminidase-treated plasma samples and an immunoblotting procedure for the specific detection of C7. Among 248 blood donors, three C7-3/1 heterozygotes were identified, resulting in a C7*3 allele frequency of 0.0061 +/- 0.0035. Neuraminidase treatment of serum or plasma samples is necessary for unequivocal identification of C7*3, which is known to be a hypomorphic variant. This observation is discussed with special reference to previous studies on C7 polymorphism in Caucasian populations, where untreated samples have been used for C7 typing. PMID- 3207469 TI - Quantitative study of guinea-pig bronchoalveolar cell population after oral administration of RU 41740 "Biostim". PMID- 3207470 TI - Idiotypes, tailors and networks. PMID- 3207471 TI - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration--a new treatment in hypercalcemic crisis. AB - A case of hypercalcemic crisis, with accompanying anuria, due to recurrence of a parathyroid carcinoma and unresponsive to conventional medical treatment, was treated with continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH). A maximum of 24 mmol of calcium was removed per 24 h by CAVH and serum calcium was temporarily normalized. Rising values during continued treatment necessitated acute parathyroidectomy. CAVH may represent a new treatment in hypercalcemic crisis, unresponsive to medical treatment. PMID- 3207472 TI - Role of hypertension on the progression of renal disease in man. AB - The effects of hypertension on the course of early chronic renal failure were evaluated in 233 patients with renal disease of diverse etiology, followed for 12 166 months (mean 51.35) on protein-restricted diet. On entry, 174 patients (74.6%) were hypertensive and 59 (25.4%) were normotensive. Serum creatinine levels rose from 2.40 +/- 1.11 to 4.84 +/- 3.26 mg/dl in the overall population. Deterioration of renal function was more evident in hypertensives (percent increase in serum creatinine 112.8, monthly increase 0.053 mg/dl) than in normotensives (percent increase 70.9, monthly increase 0.032 mg/dl). This difference, however, was not statistically significant. Progression of renal failure was significantly faster in hypertensive than in normotensive patients in the groups of polycystic kidney disease and chronic renal failure of unknown etiology. The actuarial renal survival probability at 72 months was 77% in normotensives and 47% in hypertensives. Among the 84 patients (36.1%) who had a fast deterioration of renal failure, 71 (84.5%) were hypertensive. In conclusion, hypertension seems to play an important role in worsening the prognosis of patients with renal parenchymal disease and early chronic renal failure. It is still difficult to separate the exact role of hypertension from the constellation of pathogenetic factors (such as the underlying renal disease, the magnitude and duration of proteinuria, the inadequate dietary contents of protein and phosphate) which may affect the progression of chronic renal disease in man. PMID- 3207473 TI - Role of hyperperfusion in different glomerular diseases. AB - In various forms of glomerulonephritis, diabetic glomerulosclerosis and decompensated benign nephrosclerosis hyperperfusion injury of the glomeruli may be found in addition to the basic disease in patients with malignant hypertension. The changes consist of adhesions, subendothelial capillary hyalinosis and fat droplets in the hyalin material and in endothelial cells. They occur far more often in males than in females. The highest frequency of hyperperfusion injury was found in patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I. The lowest frequency was found with membranous glomerulonephritis. The juxtamedullary part of the kidney, which is not autoregulated, is earlier and more severely affected than the subcapsular part. Hyperperfusion changes occur in the middle and eventually in the subcapsular part of the cortex only when the glomeruli in the juxtamedullar cortex are sclerotic. PMID- 3207475 TI - 6th annual meeting of the International Society of Blood Purification. June 22 24, 1988, Vicenza (Italy). PMID- 3207474 TI - Glomerular filtration rate in response to an acute protein load. AB - The effect of a protein load on the glomerular filtration rate (measured as creatinine clearance) was studied in normal subjects, healthy vegetarians, patients with advanced liver disease, patients with moderate renal failure and in normal volunteers being pretreated with aspirin or sulindac. Only patients with liver disease were not capable of increasing their glomerular filtration rate after the protein challenge, a finding which suggests that the liver might be of importance for the adequate renal reserve. It is of note that neither the application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs nor the existence of a moderate renal failure modify the response to a protein load. PMID- 3207476 TI - The year in review. PMID- 3207477 TI - Differential diagnosis of dementing diseases. Commentaries. PMID- 3207478 TI - Neuropathological definition of Alzheimer disease: multivariate analyses in the morphometric distinction between Alzheimer dementia and normal aging. AB - Although establishing that a patient is suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type initially reflects a clinician's opinion, neuropathological study is for the present the most definitive examination to confirm the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. We review several comprehensive publications attempting on a quantitative basis to differentiate the changes occurring with normal aging of the human brain from those indicative of Alzheimer disease. New morphometric data on 5 histopathological lesions in the mesial temporal cortex of 42 subjects indicate that, when multivariate analyses are performed on such microscopic information, a diagnostic prediction about the brain of any unknown individual should indeed be possible with a statistically calculated degree of certainty. PMID- 3207479 TI - Proverb and idiom comprehension in Alzheimer disease. AB - Twenty-nine patients diagnosed with Probable Alzheimer Disease were administered tests of word, familiar phrases (idioms and proverbs), and novel phrase comprehension. From the early stage of the disease, patients performed worse at understanding familiar phrases than single words or novel phrases. The results uphold common observations that AD patients have difficulty interpreting abstract meanings. Cognitive variables responsible for poor idiom/proverb comprehension and the clinical implications of this new protocol are discussed. PMID- 3207480 TI - Differential diagnosis of dementing diseases. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement Volume 6, Number 11, July 6-8, 1987. PMID- 3207481 TI - The conus with no great artery. AB - In three patients with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease, the conus was found to have no arterial outlet. The semilunar valves were at similar, caudad levels, and there was malposition of the great arteries. The aorta was related to the body--not the outflow portion--of the right ventricle in two patients with transposition and to the body of the left ventricle in one child with single ventricle. These cases confirm the independent embryological segregation of the conus and the truncus. Failure to recognize this condition can lead to erroneous relationship diagnoses and may adversely influence surgical decisions. PMID- 3207482 TI - Decreased regional contractility in nonischemic myocardium during acute coronary artery occlusion in conscious pigs. AB - The purpose of this study was to use the relationship between end-systolic left ventricular pressure and segment length to assess the inotropic state of nonischemic myocardium during acute coronary artery occlusion in the conscious pig. Eight pigs were chronically instrumented with sonomicrometers to measure midwall segmental shortening and a micromanometer to measure left ventricular pressure. Occlusion of the inferior vena cava with a pneumatic occlusive cuff caused transient decreases in left ventricular pressure so that the relationship of left ventricular pressure and segment length at end systole could be determined over a range of pressures. In preliminary studies using open-chest pigs, this relation was shown to be highly linear and best quantified using a calculated segment length at a left ventricular pressure of 100 mm Hg (ESL100). During acute, 1-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the ESL100 of the nonischemic lateral and posterior walls was significantly increased from 8.75 +/- .18 mm to 9.64 +/- .21 mm (mean +/- SD, p less than .01), indicating a decreased inotropic state. Similarly, during occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery, the ESL100 of the nonischemic anterior wall increased from 8.44 +/- 2.53 mm to 9.26 +/- 3.12 mm (p less than .05). This was not associated with a change in the amount of shortening during systole. Pharmacological autonomic blockade using atropine and propranolol failed to alter the response of nonischemic zones to acute coronary artery occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207483 TI - Cardiomyopathy in a rat model of pheochromocytoma. Morphological and functional alterations. AB - To investigate the cardiac muscle damage observed in pheochromocytoma, New England Deaconness Hospital rats were implanted subcutaneously with a transplantable pheochromocytoma. The tumor was evident 4 weeks after transplantation. Approximately 5-6 weeks after transplant, systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in tumor-bearing animals (183 +/- 13 vs 119 +/- 7 in controls). At this time a cardiomyopathy with the following features was apparent in the tumor-bearing animals: multifocal lesions of enhanced interstitial and replacement fibrosis; granularity of the cytoplasm and contraction band necrosis; and mixed inflammatory infiltrates. Using a morphological scoring system from 0 (no cardiac damage) to 3 (complete involvement of the ventricular cross section studied), the pheochromocytoma animals had a cardiomyopathy score of 1.8 +/- 0.1, which is significantly greater than that found in age- and sex-matched controls: 0.4 +/- 0.1, p less than .001. A significant increase in the wet heart weights (1.28 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.12 +/- 0.04 in controls) was also observed in these animals, indicating the possibility of cardiac hypertrophy in the pheochromocytoma rats. There was a marked decrease in sensitivity to isoproterenol in isolated, electrically driven left atrial strips from pheochromocytoma rats. Isoproterenol's EC50 increased eightfold from 1.5 +/- 0.6 x 10(-8) M in controls to 1.3 +/- 0.4 x 10(-7) M in left atrial strips from the pheochromocytoma rats. However, there was no difference in maximal contractile response to isoproterenol in either the left atrial strips or in right or left ventricular papillary muscle strips. Also, there was no change in responsiveness of either left atrial or right ventricular muscle strips from pheochromocytoma hearts to contraction induced by 3.75 mM calcium chloride. However, the contractile response to calcium was enhanced in left ventricular papillary muscle from tumor-bearing animals (808 +/- 195 vs 372 +/- 101 mg tension in controls, p less than 0.05). These results demonstrate a catecholamine induced cardiomyopathy in hearts from pheochromocytoma-bearing rats. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a functional beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization in isolated left atrial strips from tumor-bearing rats, whereas maximal contraction of heart muscle, induced by either isoproterenol or calcium chloride, remains intact. PMID- 3207484 TI - Heterotopic thyroid tissue in the heart. AB - Heterotopic thyroid tissue, presumably due to an embryological developmental abnormality, was discovered incidentally within the right atrial wall of an elderly woman who underwent coronary arterial aortic saphenous vein bypass grafting. As far as we are aware, this is only the third patient with thyroid heterotopia of the heart to be documented. PMID- 3207485 TI - Subaortic aneurysm of the left ventricle. AB - A subaortic aneurysm of the left ventricle resulting in massive hemopericardium is described. The anatomy of the aortic anulus, aortic valve, and pericardial reflections at the base of the heart are constructed in a manner that allows the migration of blood from the left ventricle, through an area of aortic anular dehiscence, resulting in the formation of a false aneurysm. The pertinent anatomy is described, as well as pathogenesis and similar cases in the literature. PMID- 3207486 TI - Primary cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma: definition of a rare entity. AB - Primary cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma (PCR) is a highly malignant tumor that is rarely recognized prior to surgery or necropsy. We present the pathologic findings of a primary atrial rhabdomyosarcoma in an 82-year-old woman and an update on PCR as a clinicopathologic entity. In addition to pleomorphic tumor cells with cross striations and a positive immunoperoxidase reaction for myoglobin, some areas of our patient's tumor had features of sarcoma botryoides. Electron optic studies showed primitive cells with fibroblastic and/or myoblastic differentiation. A comprehensive study of 77 cases in the international literature yielded new information and perspectives on PCR. The incidence of PCR is bimodal among males, being highest in infancy and early childhood with a secondary peak in the sixth and seventh decades. Females, however, have a single peak incidence in the fifth decade. Septal origin is 35.2% among infants and children but only 5.2% among adults. The predilection for the pediatric age group in conjunction with common septal origin among these patients suggests a congenital form of PCR that may arise from embryonic cell tests. PMID- 3207487 TI - Surgical pathology of the truncal valve: a study of 12 cases. AB - The truncal valves of 12 patients (eight females and four males) who had undergone valve replacement were studied. The patients ranged in age from 14 months to 21 years (mean, 10 years). All truncal valves were purely regurgitant: nine were severe, two were moderate, and one was mild. Eight of the valves were tricuspid, two were bicuspid, one was quadricuspid, and one was unicommissural. Each valve was thickened, but none was the site of endocarditis. The thickening tended to be greatest along the distal portion of each cusp and resulted primarily from expansion of the spongiosa and fibrosa layers. In seven of the 12 valves, the spongiosa disrupted the fibrosa. In 11 valves, fibrous pads were also observed along the cuspid surfaces. These histopathologic features are indistinguishable from those described for floppy mitral valves and support the concept that floppy valves may result from a congenital abnormality in valvular structure. PMID- 3207488 TI - Surgical pathology of the common atrioventricular valve: a study of 11 cases. AB - Eleven patients (six females and five males) underwent partial or complete excision of common atrioventricular valves. Their ages ranged from 11 months to 23 years (mean, 8 years). Six patients had complex congenital heart disease: three with asplenia, two with polysplenia, and one with a hypoplastic left ventricle and severe pulmonary stenosis. Pure regurgitation characterized all 11 valves and was severe in eight. Neither active nor healed endocarditis was observed in any valve. Of the 11 valves, nine were thickened, and eight had features of floppy valves, including hooding deformity, inadequate chordal insertions, and disruption of the fibrosa by the spongiosa. In ten valves fibrous pads also involved the leaflet surfaces. These observations support the concept that floppy valves may result from congenital abnormalities in valvular development. PMID- 3207489 TI - Detection of early myocardial infarction in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. AB - Whether the early infarct area in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue could be delineated by the immunohistochemical method using myoglobin-antibody was studied in 23 pig hearts without collateral circulation. Five hearts were examined at 20 minutes, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours after occlusion of the distal one third of the left anterior descending coronary artery, respectively. Three pigs were killed 24 hours after occlusion. Heart rate and aortic pressure before and after occlusion did not change in any groups. The subepicardial and subendocardial regional blood flows were reduced to almost zero in all hearts after occlusion (0.88 +/- 0.10 to 0.02 +/- 0.02 mL/g/min). Slight myoglobin defects in the ischemic tissue were noted in the five pigs examined 2 hours after occlusion and definite myoglobin defects were detected in all pigs examined at 4, 6, and 24 hours after occlusion. Nitrotetrazorium blue stain of myocardial tissue before formalin fixation showed slight demarcation of the ischemic area at 4 hours after occlusion and definite demarcation at 6 and 24 hours after occlusion. Slight demarcation was noted at 2 hours after occlusion in Masson trichrome stain and 4 hours after occlusion in the hematoxylin-eosin stain. However, definite demarcation of the ischemic area was seen in Masson trichrome stain only at 24 hours after occlusion and was not noted in hematoxylin-eosin stain even at 24 hours after occlusion. Our previous electron microscopic study revealed that, in the pig heart, irreversible cellular damage was transmurally seen at two hours after occlusion of the coronary artery. Therefore, a definite myoglobin defect reflects irreversible cellular damage such as infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207490 TI - Catecholamine-associated smooth muscle contraction bands in the media of coronary arteries of brain-dead baboons. AB - In the brain death baboon model, the baboon experiences an autonomic storm with release of catecholamines both from the adrenal glands and from intracardiac sympathetic nerve endings. Since catecholamines may induce coronary arterial spasm, we looked for morphologic evidence of smooth muscle damage in the coronary arteries of 11 baboons that underwent induction of brain death under general anesthesia. Nine (82%) of the 11 animals showed coronary arterial smooth muscle contraction bands, and 9 (82%) of the 11 baboons also showed focal myocardial contraction bands and myocytolytic necrosis. Focal coronary arterial smooth muscle cell necrosis with intracytoplasmic calcium deposits were observed in three (33%) of the nine contraction band-positive cases. This study provides further support for the concept that medial smooth muscle contraction bands may be a morphologic marker of antemortem coronary arterial spasm. PMID- 3207491 TI - The effect of verapamil cardioplegia on myocardial ultrastructure. AB - The calcium channel blocker, verapamil, was evaluated as an adjunct to cold cardioplegia in 16 randomized patients with unstable angina pectoris who received saphenous vein bypass grafts. Myocardial biopsies taken before cardioplegia showed various degrees of ischemic change as assessed by ultrastructural parameters (mitochondrial swelling, matrix clearance, and sarcotubular dilatation). After reperfusion, the majority of the patients had progressive changes of ischemia, with marked mitochondrial and sarcotubular swelling, depletion of glycogen, chromatin clumping, and myofibrillar disruption; amorphous mitochondrial densities were occasionally seen. The ultrastructural changes after cardioplegia were dependent primarily on the extent of preexisting ischemic damage and did not correlate with the use of verapamil. Verapamil did not protect the ischemic myocardium during cold cardioplegia as assessed ultrastructurally. PMID- 3207493 TI - Thrombosis and infarction of the left atrial appendage in an infant: a case report. AB - A case of thrombosed and infarcted left atrial appendage is presented. These findings occurred in a 28-day-old infant who died of pneumonia due to Hemophilus influenzae. Congenital abnormalities of the atrial appendages including hypoplasia, right and left isomerism and juxtapositions, and aneurysmal dilatations with and without pericardial defects are relatively uncommon. Acquired defects are also uncommon, and are often iatrogenic in nature. This report describes the case of a thrombosed and infarcted left atrial appendage in a 28-day-old infant. PMID- 3207492 TI - The pathology of mitral papillary muscles in mitral regurgitation associated with discrete subaortic stenosis. AB - Two patients needed mitral valve replacement for severe mitral regurgitation after surgical relief of subaortic stenosis. A third, much older patient (who died) also had mitral regurgitation after surgery to relieve subaortic stenosis and to close a ventricular septal defect. All the mitral valves showed both macroscopic and microscopic abnormalities, the latter being characterized by myocytolysis, vasculitis, and fibrosis. The severity of these abnormalities was inversely proportional to the age of the patient. The findings were compared with those (surgical and necropsy specimens) of five patients with congenital "left sided" anomalies (group 1) and five with "right-sided" lesions (group 2). Coagulation necrosis and ischemic changes were observed in both of the control groups, but none demonstrated the combination of features observed in the patients with subaortic stenosis. The observation of myocytolysis, vasculitis, and fibrosis suggests that there may be a pathologic substrate for mitral valve malfunction in patients, especially very young ones, with subaortic stenosis. PMID- 3207494 TI - Premortem histologic evidence of chronic vascular rejection obtained from percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy: report of a case. AB - Chronic rejection is characterized by obliterative arteritis of coronary arteries and their branches in the form of myointimal proliferation and diffuse tubular atherosclerosis. Chronic rejection is more difficult to detect than discrete focal obstructive lesions by coronary angiography. We report a case of a 51-year old woman in whom a biopsy of the right ventricle 14 months after heart transplantation revealed convincing histologic evidence of chronic rejection. A subsequent biopsy of the left ventricle showed subendocardial infarct. Necropsy findings confirmed coronary artery changes of chronic rejection, as well as diffuse subendocardial infarction, which had been suspected clinically. The finding of a small arteriole in a biopsy was fortuitous. However, if such a vessel is present and shows obliterative arteritis, this demonstrates that a premortem histologic diagnosis of chronic rejection is possible. PMID- 3207495 TI - Comparison of patients with acute anterior or posterior myocardial infarcts with and without complete heart block. AB - The differences between myocardial infarct (MI) size, amount, and type of conduction fiber injury and outcome in patients with acute anterior or posterior (inferior) MI with or without complete heart block (CHB) were compared. In patients with acute anterior MIs with CHB the infarcts were larger, CHB was more persistent, necrosis involved the more anterior portions of the conduction system, and the terminal event was cardiogenic shock; whereas in the smaller acute posterior MIs with CHB, the CHB was usually transient, necrosis involved the more posterior portions of the conduction system, and terminal arrhythmias were the main cause of death. This is the first quantitative study that documents the larger size of anterior infarcts with complete heart block in comparison with posterior infarcts with complete heart block. PMID- 3207496 TI - Quantitation of leukocytes in endomyocardial tissue from 100 normal human hearts at autopsy. Implications for diagnosis of myocarditis from biopsy specimens of living patients. AB - From 100 normal human hearts, evenly distributed by age and sex, 5 endomyocardial samples were obtained from the septal surface of each ventricle with a cardiac bioptome. In each case, from both ventricles, the number of lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells, and neutrophils was counted in 10 high-power (x400) microscopic fields, and the mean number of each type of leukocyte was calculated. In 95% of the 2,000 high-power fields, the number of interstitial lymphocytes was less than 5.0. Moreover, in all but one heart, the mean number of lymphocytes was less than 4.0. The mean number of eosinophils was 0.0-0.1 and of plasma cells was 0.0-0.3. The median number of neutrophils was 0.6. Recognition of the normal number of leukocytes in the heart may help to minimize false positive interpretations of myocarditis in biopsy specimens of endomyocardial tissue from living patients. PMID- 3207497 TI - Quantitation of mast cells in 100 normal and 92 diseased human hearts. Implications for interpretation of endomyocardial biopsy specimens. AB - In endomyocardial specimens from 100 normal hearts from autopsy, the mean number of mast cells per high-power field was calculated. A peak occurred in the third decade and was more marked in women than men. In the fourth through seventh decades, mean values were greater in men than women. For both sexes, the number of mast cells in the left ventricle tended to exceed that in the right ventricle. The number of mast cells was similarly determined in 92 diseased hearts. The range of mean values overlapped considerably with that of normal hearts. The highest mean values occurred in subjects with mast cell neoplasia, giant cell myocarditis, and lymphocytic myocarditis; and the lowest occurred in the group with amyloidosis. The values in patients with eosinophilic myocarditis did not differ appreciably from normal. Increased numbers of mast cells tended to be associated with areas of fibrosis more than with inflammatory infiltrates. PMID- 3207498 TI - Correlation of morphological variables in the coronary atherosclerotic plaque with clinical patterns of ischemic heart disease. AB - The frequency and severity of "morphological" variables (fibrosis, proteoglycan accumulation, atheroma, intimal vascularization, calcification, acute intimal hemorrhage, and both adventitial and intimal lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates) in atherosclerotic plaques were related to plaque type, percentage of lumen reduction, plaque length, and intimal and medial thickness in 3,640 coronary artery sections sampled at the site of maximal lumen reduction in 8 selected segments from 100 cases of acute myocardial infarct, 50 of chronic angina, 208 of unexpected sudden coronary death with or without prodromata, and from 97 normal subjects dying accidentally. Morphological variables were occasionally observed in 1,519 sections with no lumen reduction. They were found only in sections from ischemic patients. With increasing luminal stenosis and intimal thickness, progression of the coronary plaque seemed to start as a fibrous change followed by proteoglycan accumulation in the deeper portion of the fibrous intima. Proteoglycan deposits appeared as a recurrent phenomenon. In them, atheroma or calcification develop. Intimal hemorrhage was a less frequent variable. It was found mainly in a vessel supplying an infarcted area. Lymphoplasmacellular inflammation correlated mainly with proteoglycan accumulation and atheroma, both showing a parallel increase with increasing intimal thickness and lumen reduction. No correlation was found between plaque variables and sex, age, heart weight, and infarct size. Significant variations in the distribution of plaque variables were observed among hearts of patients in the ischemic groups and between them and controls. In particular, inflammatory reaction was significantly more frequent and severe in ischemic groups than in controls, independent of the degree of coronary stenosis. Coagulative myocytolysis (contraction band necrosis), found in the majority of ischemic patients, correlated with the inflammatory reaction in supplying vessels. A peculiar tropism of mononuclear cell infiltrates for adventitial nerve structures was found. As a result, we question whether this inflammation may trigger coronary spasm and/or coagulative myocytolysis ("active" plaque vs "inactive" plaque). PMID- 3207499 TI - The importance of membrane stabilization in protecting the developing rat myocardium from the actions of triac. AB - Administration of triiodothyroacetic acid (triac) to pregnant rats produces cardiac hypertrophy and myofibrillar disarray in the hearts of the newborn offspring. Previous experiments have shown that concurrent administration of dl exprenolol or dl or d propranolol prevent the disarray but not the hypertrophy, suggesting that membrane stabilization and not beta-adrenergic blockade may be responsible for modifying the actions of triac. In order to clarify this, further experiments have been carried out whereby timolol, a beta-blocking agent with minimal or no membrane stabilizing activity, and procainamide, a pure membrane stabilizing compound, have been administered with triac. Timolol had no effect, but procainamide reduced the level of disarray and the hypertrophy to a minor degree. The results have thus confirmed the proposal that membrane stabilization is of major importance in modifying the actions of triac. PMID- 3207500 TI - The epidemiology of the human rabies threat in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. AB - Epidemiological data were recorded and blood samples were obtained from a group of 297 individuals from Luxembourg who had been in contact with rabies-infected or -suspected animals from 1979 to 1985, and who had been vaccinated with a complete course of HDCS rabies vaccine. The majority of the subjects were farmers aged between 30 and 59. The most frequent source of infection was cattle, followed by foxes, sheep and cats. Dogs were in the fifth position only, probably as a direct result of obligatory vaccination of dogs in Luxembourg. Animal rabies was proven in 253 of the 297 cases; in 35 cases, rabies diagnosis was not confirmed, and in 9 cases the animals escaped. Concerning the mode of contact, most people (86%) reported having had contact which caused no skin lesions. Contact with skin lesion, i.e. by biting, scratching or scraping, was only reported in connection with dogs, cats and wild animals, whereas with cattle and other farm animals, contact was mostly without skin lesion. The hand was the part of the body (85%) most frequently involved. Sera were tested by an enzyme immunoassay for rabies antibodies. The results were unsatisfactory: 21.5% of the cases had no demonstrable antibodies and 15.2% had antibodies in low titre. No decline in antibody titre was found according to the time interval after vaccination. Therefore, the enzyme immunoassay does not appear to be optimal to determine long-term immunity. PMID- 3207501 TI - Sequence and analysis of bovine enteritic coronavirus (F15) genome. I. Sequence of the gene coding for the nucleocapsid protein; analysis of the predicted protein. AB - Sequences encoding the N protein of the bovine enteritic coronavirus-F15 strain (BECV-F15) have been cloned in PBR322 plasmid using cDNA produced by priming with oligo-dT on purified viral genomic RNA. Some 265 insert-containing clones were studied. Hybridization of these inserts with poly(A)+ RNA extracted from infected cells led to the conclusion that they were located at the 3'-end of the genome. After subcloning in M13 phage DNA, clones were sequenced by the Sanger technique. A 1,710-nucleotide sequence corresponding to the gene coding for the viral N protein was established. It shows 2 overlapping open reading frames (ORF). The 3' non-coding end of the gene has an 8-nucleotide sequence in common with the homologous genome areas of MHV, TGE and IBV viruses. This sequence may represent the polymerase RNA binding site. An upstream sequence surrounding the first AUG of the smaller ORF corresponds to a potentially functional initiation codon. The sequence of the primary translation product deduced from the DNA sequence predicts a polypeptide of 207 amino acids (22.9 Kd) with a high leucine (19.8%) content, possessing a hydrophobic N-terminal end. The larger ORF has a coding capacity of 448 amino acids (49.4 Kd), corresponding to the N-protein molecular weight. The deduced protein possesses 43 serine residues (9.6% of the total amino acid content) which may be phosphorylated and involved in N-protein/RNA binding. N-protein also has 5 regions with a high basic amino acid content. One of them is also serine-rich and has a strong homology site with MHV, TGE and IBV viruses. In the first part of the N-terminal, a 12-amino-acid sequence (PRWYFYYLGTGP) is highly conserved for BECV-F15, JHM, TGE and IBV viruses. BCV Mebus strain and BECV-F15 have only minor differences in their N-protein sequence. PMID- 3207502 TI - Accessibility of three continuous epitopes in tomato bushy stunt virus. AB - Three peptides corresponding to residues 28-40, 138-154 and 380-387 of the coat protein of tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) were synthesized by the solid phase method and used to raise specific antibodies. These antibodies were used to follow the conformational changes that occur when TBSV particles swell under slightly alkaline conditions. Peptides 28-40 and 380-387 were found to correspond to continuous epitopes in the dissociated viral protein as well as in both compact and swollen virions. The region 138-154, which is also a continuous epitope of the monomeric protein, became accessible to antibody binding in the virion only when the particles were in the swollen state. PMID- 3207503 TI - Identification by in situ hybridization of IFN-beta-producing murine macrophages obtained from high and low interferon producers. AB - Resident peritoneal macrophages obtained from If-1h and If-1l mice were induced in vitro with Newcastle disease virus. Then, 3, 5 and 7 h after induction, the cells were fixed and analysed for the presence of Mu IFN-beta mRNA by in situ hybridization, using a 35S-labelled Mu IFN-beta cDNA as a probe. The number of cells that were scored positive was the same in cultures derived from high responder If-1h and from low responder If-1l mice, and reached 100% of the cells present in the cultures. This result highly suggests that low responder mice have the same number of IFN-producing cells as high responders, and that the difference in production is not due to an increased number of producer cells in high responders. PMID- 3207505 TI - Cauliflower mosaic virus ORF VII is not required for aphid transmissibility. PMID- 3207504 TI - Immunological relationships between rabies virus and rabies-related viruses studied with monoclonal antibodies to Mokola virus. AB - Specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were prepared against a rabies-related lyssavirus, Mokola virus. A strain isolated in the Central African Republic, Mok 3, was used as immunogen. After 3 fusions more than 90 hybridoma cultures secreting mAb were identified. According to their different patterns of reactivity against rabies and rabies-related viruses, 61 ascites fluids were obtained. The antibody class was IgM for 2 of them and IgG for 59. They were specific for one of the 4 major viral proteins, as determined by immunofluorescence, neutralization and immunoblotting tests. Their patterns of reactivity were determined against 6 different strains of rabies-related viruses: Lagos-bat virus from Nigeria (Lag-1) and the Central African Republic (Lag-2), Duvenhage virus from the Republic of South Africa (Duv-1) and Federal Republic of Germany (Duv-3), Mokola virus from Nigeria (Mok-1) and Cameroon (Mok-2) and a fixed strain of rabies virus, the challenge virus strain (CVS). According to their reactivities with these strains and the pattern of fluorescence, the mAb were classified into 11 different groups with intracytoplasmic fluorescence and 7 groups with cell surface fluorescence. A differential diagnosis of these lyssaviruses is possible in tissue culture using some of these mAb. PMID- 3207507 TI - Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatitis D virus. AB - Sera from 185 HBsAg carrier, pregnant Saudi women were tested for HBeAg, antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) and for antibody to hepatitis D virus (anti-HDV); 9.7% of the carrier mothers were anti-HDV-positive and the majority of them (94.4%) were anti HBe-positive. Follow-up of 17 infants of anti-HDV-positive carrier mothers until about 7 months of age showed no evidence of perinatal transmission of HDV. Age specific prevalence of anti-HDV in 280 Saudi carriers showed that infection with HDV is infrequent in infants and is mainly acquired during the second and third decades of life, which suggests that transmission of HDV is predominantly horizontal. PMID- 3207506 TI - The effect of trypsin on the growth in vitro of adenoviruses present in faeces. PMID- 3207508 TI - Latex agglutination test using a monoclonal antibody for rotavirus detection in stool specimens under adverse conditions. PMID- 3207509 TI - An RVF epidemic in southern Mauritania. PMID- 3207510 TI - [Antirabies vaccinations in France in 1987]. PMID- 3207511 TI - Dual HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in West Africa supported by synthetic peptide analysis. PMID- 3207512 TI - Inhibition of expression of natural UAG suppressor glutamine tRNA in HIV-infected human H9 cells in vitro by Avarol. AB - HTLV-IIIB-infected H9 cells are shown to contain a high level of the natural UAG suppressor glutamine tRNA(UmUG Gln); this tRNA has been demonstrated to be required for the synthesis of Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV)-encoded protease. After cultivation of HTLV-IIIB-infected H9 cells with Avarol at a concentration (1 microgram/ml), previously found to protect the cells against the cytopathic effects of HTLV-III, an almost complete inhibition of the synthesis of the tRNA(UmUG Gln) was observed. Moreover, we obtained some evidence that the processing of the HTLV-III precursor protein p53 to p24 is inhibited by Avarol in infected cells, suggesting that the compound interferes with the expression of the viral protease gene. PMID- 3207514 TI - President's address to the General Dental Council. PMID- 3207515 TI - The untreatable few. PMID- 3207513 TI - A method for predicting individual HIV infection status in the absence of clinical information. AB - Latent structure analysis can be used to determine sensitivity and specificity rates of human immunodeficiency virus antibody assays in the absence of previous clinical or laboratory results. The technique was applied to the analysis of data obtained when a panel of serum samples, collected as part of a large-scale screening project, were subjected to four conventional bioassays (ag121, p24, gp120, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). To determine the accuracy of this statistical approach, the results of latent structure analysis were compared with the known clinical diagnoses of patients from whom the samples were taken, and nearly 100% agreement was obtained. Although a two-class latent structure model had some predictive value, a three-class model more adequately explained assay patterns. The use of the four standard assays in conjunction with the statistical methods described here would largely reduce the need for confirmatory Western blot assays in analyses of large panels of samples. PMID- 3207516 TI - 'Training professionals: the essential steps'. PMID- 3207517 TI - Management of the small child with gross caries. PMID- 3207518 TI - 'AIDS and dentistry'. PMID- 3207519 TI - 'In defence of protection'. PMID- 3207520 TI - 'Warning: dentists can be bad for your teeth'. PMID- 3207521 TI - Finishing glass polyalkenoate (glass-ionomer) cements. PMID- 3207522 TI - Teaching of oral medicine, periodontology and oral surgery: students' opinions. PMID- 3207523 TI - Some vocational trainees' perceptions of the tasks of the trainer. PMID- 3207524 TI - Orthodontic case history project. Part 3--Treatment. PMID- 3207525 TI - Disposition of infusions of atracurium and its metabolite, laudanosine, in patients in renal and respiratory failure in an ITU. AB - A study of plasma atracurium and laudanosine concentrations was undertaken in 14 critically ill patients who received a bolus dose of atracurium 0.6 mg kg-1 followed by an infusion of 0.6 mg kg-1 h-1 for a period of 11-47 h. Seven of the patients had normal renal function and seven were in acute renal failure. In both groups plasma concentrations of atracurium reached a plateau of approximately 1300 ng ml-1 within 30 min of the bolus dose. The drug disappeared from the plasma within 120 min after discontinuation of the infusion. There was no difference between the two groups with respect to the pharmacokinetic parameters derived for atracurium. In the patients with normal renal function, plasma laudanosine concentration reached a plateau of approximately 1200 ng ml-1 within 10 h. In patients with renal failure there was a greater variation in the plasma laudanosine concentration: the highest value recorded was 4300 ng ml-1. Patients with renal failure had a significantly longer mean elimination half-life for laudanosine (1418 min v. 375 min; P less than 0.05) and Vd (4.52 litre kg-1 v. 2.40 litre kg-1; P less than 0.01) than the patients with normal renal function. PMID- 3207526 TI - Use of the post-tetanic count to monitor recovery from intense neuromuscular blockade in children. AB - The post-tetanic count was investigated as a method of monitoring intense neuromuscular blockade in children. One of five myoneural blockers (atracurium, vecuronium, pancuronium, tubocurarine or alcuronium) was given to groups of six children during nitrous oxide-oxygen-halothane anaesthesia. During recovery, the first post-tetanic response always preceded the first train-of-four response. The interval between the appearance of the first post-tetanic response and the first train-of-four response was typically 5-10 min for the intermediate-acting agents vecuronium and atracurium, and 20-30 min for the long-acting agents pancuronium, alcuronium and tubocurarine. A post-tetanic count of 6 with alcuronium and tubocurarine, or 7 with vecuronium, atracurium and pancuronium indicated that recovery of the first train-of-four response was imminent. PMID- 3207527 TI - Relative bioavailability of controlled release morphine tablets (MST continus) in cancer patients. AB - The bioavailability of oral controlled release morphine tablets (MST, Napp Laboratories) and oral morphine sulphate in aqueous solution (MSS) was compared in 10 patients with advanced cancer. Serum samples were analysed for morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) using a specific HPLC assay. The relative bioavailability of morphine with MST was significantly less than that with MSS (mean 80%, range 50-110%) although there was no difference between the formulations in the relative availability of M3G and M6G. There was no significant difference between the formulations in the serum concentration of morphine at 12 h. The mean ratios morphine: M6G:M3G (comparing areas under the serum concentration-time curves) were 1:9:56. There was a highly significant linear relationship between the dose administered and AUC for morphine, M3G and M6G after MSS; and for morphine after MST. Median tmax for morphine was 0.5 h with MSS and 2.5 h with MST; for M3G 1.5 h with MSS and 3.0 h with MST; and for M6G 1.5 h with MSS and 3.25 h with MST. A secondary peak of unconjugated morphine, which may represent enterohepatic circulation, was seen in several patients 2-4 h after administration of elixir and 4-6 h after administration of MST. PMID- 3207528 TI - High- and low-dose fentanyl anaesthesia: hormonal and metabolic responses during cholecystectomy. AB - We have compared two groups of patients given low- or high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. Arterial blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, beta-hydroxy-butyrate, insulin, c-peptide, glucagon, human growth hormone (HGH), cortisol and adrenaline concentrations. After induction of anaesthesia, blood concentrations of most of these substances decreased. After the start of surgery the concentrations of cortisol, glucose, HGH, FFA and beta-hydroxy-butyrate increased significantly in the group anaesthetized with the lower dose of fentanyl. In the group that received high dose fentanyl anaesthesia the plasma concentrations of almost all the hormones and substances measured remained relatively low. The differences between the two groups during surgery were significant for adrenaline (P less than 0.001) and cortisol (P less than 0.001). High-dose fentanyl appears to block the trauma induced stress response seen in patients anaesthetized with low dose fentanyl. PMID- 3207529 TI - Concentration-response analysis of percutaneous local anaesthetic formulations. AB - The percutaneous absorption of amethocaine has been measured for different concentrations of the drug in three different formulations, A, B and C. Statistical analysis indicated that a concentration of 4% produced effective percutaneous local anaesthesia to pin-prick, together with an acceptable onset time of approximately 40 min. Increasing the concentration did not reduce the onset time further, although there was some increase in the duration of anaesthesia. Formulations A and B were hydrophilic, whereas C was an oil-in-water cream. Effective anaesthesia with formulation C required a higher drug concentration (12%), perhaps because of partitioning of the lipophilic anaesthetic into the lipid phase of the vehicle. The rate-limiting step was considered to be diffusion by the lipophilic anaesthetic through the stratum corneum, shown by onset of anaesthesia after removal of the formulation from the test site. PMID- 3207531 TI - Changes in pupil diameter after oral administration of codeine. AB - Pupillary constriction occurs following administration of opioids and may be used as a marker of opioid activity. We have measured plasma concentrations and pupil diameters in 16 healthy volunteers after the oral administration of placebo or codeine. Pupil size decreased significantly after codeine compared with placebo. Pupil size was related to the plasma concentrations of codeine (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3207530 TI - Oxygen supplementation during electroconvulsive therapy. AB - The effects of ventilation with 30% and 100% oxygen were investigated on the circulatory and electrocardiographic response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 12 patients during 40 treatments. Administration of 30% oxygen resulted in a 25% decrease in seizure duration compared with 100% oxygen (P less than 0.0125). Hypoxaemia, defined as SaO2 less than 90%, occurred during five of 20 treatments with 30% oxygen and during two of 20 treatments with 100% oxygen (ns), and was associated invariably with loss of airway control. Heart rate, arterial pressure, and the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias were not affected significantly by oxygen supplementation. Inspired oxygen concentration has a significant effect on seizure activity and should be of a consistent value if a reproducible seizure is to be produced during ECT. Breathing 100% oxygen does not appear to affect adversely the cardiovascular response to ECT. However, arterial hypoxaemia may develop rapidly during or after the seizure, regardless of oxygen supplementation, if adequate control of airway and ventilation is not maintained. PMID- 3207532 TI - A method for measuring tidal volume during high frequency jet ventilation. AB - A new method has been developed to measure tidal volume during high frequency jet ventilation. A pneumotachograph is placed in the expiratory limb of the breathing circuit. Using a model lung, the results from this method did not differ from the tidal volume calculated from pressure changes measured within the model lung. The results from the two methods correlated well (r = 0.99). The method enables the gas volumes entrained and spilled out of the airway during inspiration, true I:E ratios and mean driving pressures to be determined. The method is non-invasive and could easily be applied clinically. PMID- 3207533 TI - Effects of nitrous oxide on auditory cortical evoked potentials and subjective thresholds. AB - This study has examined the effects of inhaled nitrous oxide on the N1 and P2 components of the cortical auditory evoked potentials (AEP) in the latency interval 80-300 ms after the stimulus. The amplitudes, latencies and thresholds of the AEP were measured at a range of end-tidal nitrous oxide concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, 40%) in 10 subjects with normal hearing. Systematic decreases in amplitude and latency were observed with an increase in threshold. A study of the effect of stimulus intensity on AEP amplitude showed that the amplitude change with nitrous oxide was accounted for largely by systematic increase in evoked potential threshold. Subjective pure tone thresholds were not affected by the concentrations of nitrous oxide used, indicating that the AEP changes were independent of subjective hearing level. PMID- 3207534 TI - Regional skin temperatures associated with total sympathetic blockade in conscious dogs. AB - Multiple regional skin temperatures were measured continuously before and after complete sympathetic nerve block by extradural anaesthesia in conscious dogs in environmental temperatures slightly below (22.4 (SEM 0.4) degrees C) and slightly above (27.2 (0.4) degrees C) the thermoneutral range. In the cold environment, skin temperature increased in the distal (+2.13 degrees C, P less than 0.001) and proximal (+1.1 degrees C, P less than 0.02) front limbs and distal (+3.25 degrees C, P less than 0.001) and proximal (+1.72 degrees C, P less than 0.001) hind limbs, but decreased on the chest (-0.83 degrees C, P less than 0.01) and abdomen (-0.67 degrees C, P less than 0.002). Similar changes (all significant) were seen in the warm environment, although the effects were smaller. Rectal temperature did not change during the experiments. Arterial pressure decreased in both groups after denervation, but was the same in the denervated state regardless of ambient temperature. Our results are incompatible with increased sympathetic discharge from unblocked regions being a dominant factor in the decrease in trunk skin temperature above and within the analgesic areas, and demonstrate a substantial contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to the maintenance of the normal skin temperature gradient along the long axis of the body. PMID- 3207535 TI - Early postoperative hypoxia during transport. AB - The incidence of immediate postoperative hypoxaemia following general anaesthesia was studied using a pulse oximeter in 120 ASA category I and II patients during transport to the recovery room. Thirty-two percent of those not given oxygen during transport developed desaturation (SaO2 less than 90%) in spite of receiving 100% oxygen for 5 min before transport. In 14.3% of patients SaO2 decreased to less than 85%. None of the patients given oxygen 2 litre min-1 via a nasopharyngeal catheter during transport exhibited an SaO2 less than 90%. The only variable which correlated with the development of desaturation was the duration of anaesthesia. PMID- 3207536 TI - Myoneural blockers and suxamethonium. PMID- 3207537 TI - A complication of intercostal insertion of a chest drain. PMID- 3207538 TI - Paravertebral block during cholecystectomy: effects on circulatory and hormonal responses. AB - Surgical trauma induces a hormonal metabolic response which is partly responsible for postoperative catabolism. In this study 12 patients underwent cholecystectomy during isoflurane anaesthesia, six with a paravertebral block (PVB) in addition. Plasma concentrations of glucose, cortisol and adrenaline, and heart rate and arterial pressure were compared between the two groups. The patients with PVB showed a significantly diminished response to noxious stimuli. PMID- 3207539 TI - Resin injection of thoracic paravertebral spaces. AB - Stained, quick setting resin was injected into the thoracic paravertebral spaces of six cadavers to assess the suitability of this material for delineating the spread of injected substances in an area of the human body which is being re evaluated currently as a repository for analgesic drugs. The distribution and spread of the resin in relation to intercostal spaces, vertebral bodies and the spinal cord were noted, and compared with other studies. PMID- 3207540 TI - Risk of myocardial ischaemia during anaesthesia in treated and untreated hypertensive patients. AB - Hypertensive patients were monitored for myocardial ischaemia during anaesthesia and surgery with the V5 lead of a standard electrocardiograph. Myocardial ischaemia was detected in 11 of 39 untreated hypertensive patients and in four of seven receiving therapy with a diuretic, but in none of 44 receiving atenolol. Fourteen of the atenolol-treated patients were receiving the drug on a long-term basis and the remaining 30 were treated acutely only on the morning of surgery. When myocardial ischaemia was observed, it was always associated with noxious stimulation and tachycardia, but a conspicuous increase in arterial pressure was not usually present. We conclude that myocardial ischaemia is prevalent during anaesthesia in untreated hypertensive patients, and that pretreatment with atenolol, but not diuretics, provides prophylaxis. PMID- 3207541 TI - Self-tuning, microprocessor-based closed-loop control of atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade. AB - A self-tuning, closed-loop computerized system was used to maintain atracurium induced neuromuscular blockade in patients undergoing routine lower abdominal gynaecological surgery. The controller is based on a unique algorithm which utilizes a bi-exponential model wherein two of the variables are estimated on line. This enables the system to optimize the sizes of subsequent bolus doses according to patient sensitivity. In this study an initial bolus of 0.3 mg kg-1 was given in a trade-off aimed at achieving earlier intubating conditions rather than taking control of relaxation ab initio and obtaining the pre-programmed setpoint of 15% single twitch response (STR) without overshoot. This was successful in all of the 11 patients studied, the mean time from injecting the bolus to intubation being 2.47 (SD 0.95) min and the drug maintenance requirement being 0.34 (0.07) mg kg-1 h-1. This provided a mean value of 10.26% STR with minimal oscillation about the setpoint (average standard deviation = 4.31 (2.53)) for up to 147 min. PMID- 3207542 TI - Premedication with piroxicam in patients having dental surgery under general anaesthesia with halothane or isoflurane. AB - Pain, analgesic requirements, mouth opening and emesis were assessed in 60 patients who received either piroxicam 40 mg or placebo before dental surgery under general anaesthesia which included breathing either halothane or isoflurane. Patients went home on the day after surgery and completed a questionnaire concerning pain and emesis. There were four groups of 15 subjects: piroxicam-halothane, piroxicam-isoflurane, placebo-halothane or placebo isoflurane. Pain increased at 2 and 4 h and had reduced by 18 h after surgery; there were no significant differences between the groups in pain scores. After operation, fewer patients in the piroxicam-isoflurane group required papaveretum compared with the piroxicam-halothane and placebo-halothane groups. Mouth opening was reduced between 2 and 4 h after surgery, but was less restricted after piroxicam-isoflurane than placebo-halothane. There was no difference between the groups in the incidence of emesis within 18 h of surgery. The postal questionnaire suggested that pain and emesis were reduced significantly during the 3 days after surgery in patients who had received piroxicam before surgery, compared with those who had received placebo. PMID- 3207543 TI - Gastrointestinal motility and gastric pH and emptying following ingestion of diazepam. AB - The effects of diazepam on antroduodenal motility, gastric pH and gastric emptying rate were investigated in 10 volunteers. Gastric emptying was assessed using paracetamol absorption and antroduodenal motility and pH by means of a perfused multilumen tube. On the first study day, the volunteers received paracetamol in phase I after the occurrence of one complete interdigestive motility complex (IDMC). Diazepam was given on the second study day at the beginning of the first phase I and paracetamol was given one IDMC later. The rate of absorption correlated with motility (P less than 0.03). Some volunteers were fast absorbers on the first study day and slow on the second, indicating that absorption rate is not constant, but dependent on gastroduodenal motility. Diazepam tended to increase the gastric emptying rate and enhanced the amplitude of contractions and the motility index during phase II (P less than 0.02). Gastric pH increased after ingestion of diazepam (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3207544 TI - Use of i.m. ranitidine for the prophylaxis of aspiration pneumonitis in obstetrics. AB - Twenty patients who underwent elective Caesarean section received ranitidine 150 mg by mouth 8-14 h, and 50 mg i.m. 90 min, before surgery. Intraoperative gastric aspiration resulted in contents with a pH greater than 2.5 and volume less than 25 ml in all patients (mean pH 6.5 (SD 0.8); mean volume 9.0 (SD 7.2) ml). Sixty patients in labour, who received ranitidine 50 mg i.m. 6-hourly, underwent emergency surgery. Half of this group received, in addition, a single preinduction dose of either 15 or 30 ml of sodium citrate 0.3 mol litre-1. A further 30 patients who remained unmedicated during labour and required emergency surgery received a preinduction dose of 15 or 30 ml of sodium citrate 0.3 mol litre-1 alone. Ranitidine medication resulted in a mean aspirated gastric volume of 31.4 (26.6) ml and pH of 5.3 (2.1); five of 30 patients had a pH less than 2.5. The addition of sodium citrate 0.3 mol litre-1 resulted in gastric pH greater than 2.5 in all patients and a mean gastric volume of 43.2 (38.3) ml. The group who received only sodium citrate 0.3 mol litre-1 had a mean pH of 5.3 (1.1) and a mean volume 122.7 (98.2) ml. PMID- 3207545 TI - A time and motion study of the anaesthetist's intraoperative time. AB - A time and motion study was made of anaesthetists during 32 surgical procedures. Thirteen activities performed by the anaesthetist were defined for the study. Time and event data were recorded electronically and analysed by digital computer. Activity and link analysis techniques were used to analyse the data. Only 25% of intraoperative time was spent observing the physiological state of the patient. Seventy-five percent was spent in secondary or indirect activities. Direct observation of the patient was least in the middle of the procedure when the anaesthetist was performing secondary activities. Prudent use of personnel, machines, or both, to perform activities not requiring full medical knowledge and training should increase the anaesthetist's ability to focus full attention on the state of the patient and may improve patient care. PMID- 3207546 TI - Cardiac conduction interactions of propranolol and verapamil with halothane in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized dogs. AB - We have studied the effects of propranolol 0.25 mg kg-1 and verapamil 0.075 mg kg 1 on cardiac conduction and refractoriness in 21 dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbitone 30 mg kg-1 using His bundle electrocardiography and programmed stimulation. After baseline studies under pentobarbitone and halothane (1.3 MAC) anaesthesia, the dogs were allocated randomly to two groups: group 1 received verapamil followed by propranolol; group 2 received propranolol followed by verapamil; the drugs were given in a continuous infusion over 10 min. The atrial His (AH) interval, the atrioventricular node effective (AVERP), and functional (AVFRP) refractory periods, were prolonged by verapamil in both groups, but not the His-ventricle (HV) interval or the ventricular effective refractory period (VERP). AVFRP and VERP were prolonged by propranolol in both groups. Corrected sinus node recovery times were normal after each drug. Heart rate and the rate required to produce Wenckebach were decreased by each drug. The combination of verapamil and propranolol during halothane anaesthesia in dogs has significant cardiac conduction effects; however, no spontaneous AV block occurred during the study. PMID- 3207548 TI - Pulse oximetry during extradural analgesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. AB - Exracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) may require immersion of the patient in water and extradural blockade for analgesia, which may both affect pulmonary and cardiovascular function and increase the likelihood of hypoxaemia. Twenty four patients (ASA I-III) with extradural blockade and six healthy subjects were studied by pulse oximetry during immersion. Oxygen saturation (SaO2) tended to decrease after induction of extradural analgesia. Immersion decreased SaO2 further, by up to 2% in healthy volunteers (P less than 0.05) and 3% in patients (P less than 0.05). In two patients with arteriosclerosis, an SaO2 of 92% was accompanied by arrhythmias which resolved after administration of oxygen. PMID- 3207547 TI - Developmental neurophysiology of mammalian peripheral nerves and age-related differential sensitivity to local anaesthetic. AB - Using an in vitro nerve preparation, we have studied the relative electrophysiological properties of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres in the vagus nerve of 1-, 9- and 36-month-old rabbits and their sensitivity to local anaesthetic. The baseline (values before infusion of local anaesthetic) mean amplitude and conduction velocity (CV) of the compound action potential (APc) were recorded and the nerve was exposed to a range of concentrations (0.5-4.0 mmol litre-1) of lignocaine for periods sufficient to attain equilibrium block. There was an increase in the amplitude of the A fibre elevation from the 1-month to the 9- and 36-month-old rabbits. The CV of the A and B fibres increased significantly with age, while the CV of the C fibres did not change. The ED50 values of lignocaine for reduction of the A fibre elevation in the 1-, 9- and 36 month-old rabbits were 0.66, 0.94 and 0.85 mmol litre-1, respectively. The respective values for the B fibres were 0.74, 1.21 and 0.82 mmol litre-1, while those of the C fibres were 1.50, 2.44 and 2.07 mmol litre-1. In general, nerves from young and old rabbits were more sensitive to local anaesthetic-induced conduction blockade, suggesting that smaller doses of local anaesthetic are required clinically for anaesthesia in paediatric and older age groups. PMID- 3207549 TI - Ilioinguinal nerve blockade for analgesia after caesarean section. AB - Bilateral ilioinguinal nerve blockade was performed, using 0.5% plain bupivacaine 10 ml to each side, in 13 patients having elective Caesarean section under general anaesthesia. Pain scores and requirement for postoperative analgesia were compared with 13 patients in a control group. Pain scores were less in the block patients at all times during the first day after operation, with the exception of 12 h. There was an increased time from the patient's recovery from anaesthesia to the first injection of opioid in the block group. In the control group, patients required more analgesia in the first 24 h after surgery compared with patients having ilioinguinal nerve blockade. There were no observed adverse effects following nerve blocks. PMID- 3207550 TI - Variations in the gliding characteristics of 10-ml plastic syringes used to locate the extradural space by "loss of resistance" techniques. AB - The gliding characteristics were evaluated of 10-ml plastic syringes used to identify the extradural space by "loss of resistance" techniques. This was undertaken quantitatively, by measuring the force necessary to depress syringe plungers, and qualitatively, by examining travel characteristics in terms of the force applied, together with the rate and uniformity of plunger travel. An important cause of inadvertent dural puncture is the use of syringes with plungers that do not move freely; this study has identified wide variations between makes which may be of particular relevance to anaesthetists inexperienced in techniques of extradural analgesia. PMID- 3207551 TI - Acute and long-term renal and metabolic effects of piretanide in congestive cardiac failure. AB - 1. The renal and metabolic effects of the sulphamoylbenzoic acid diuretic, piretanide, have been studied, under controlled dietary conditions, in 39 patients with congestive cardiac failure. 2. In acute studies, peak saluresis occurred within 4 h of oral piretanide administration; saluresis was complete within 6 h, after which a significant antidiuretic effect was observed. Addition of triamterene, 50 mg, blunted the 0-6 h kaliuretic effect of piretanide. Over 24 h, piretanide, alone, caused insignificant urinary losses of potassium when compared with control. 3. In comparative studies, the piretanide dose-response curve was found to be parallel to that of frusemide over the dose range studied. The 0-6 h saluretic responses of piretanide, 6, 12 and 18 mg, were found to be equivalent to frusemide, 40, 80 and 120 mg respectively. The collective mean ratios of all the saluretic responses to each dose of piretanide with the corresponding dose of frusemide was observed to be 0.99 +/- 0.12, over 0-6 h period, and 0.86 +/- 0.09 over the 24 h period. The relative potency of piretanide, when compared with frusemide was found to be 6.18 (95% confidence limits 4.87-8.33), over the 0-6 h period, and 4.73 (95% confidence limits 3.65 6.14), over 24 h period. 4. In 15 patients in severe cardiac failure, urinary recovery of piretanide, over first 6 h, at the start of treatment was 21.2 +/- 2.1% while efficiency of the diuretic (mmol Na/mg drug) was 47.3 +/- 4.1. Long term piretanide therapy was continued in the same group for up to and in some cases over 3 years. No other diuretics or potassium supplements were given. Piretanide dosage ranged from 6 to 24 mg day-1 according to clinical need. Plasma potassium fell significantly at 12 and 24 months, though remaining within the normal range. At these same times, significant elevations in both plasma urate and total fasting cholesterol were observed. Two patients developed overt gout on high dose piretanide therapy (24 mg day-1). Piretanide was well tolerated, and effective in the management of congestive cardiac failure without any other recognized metabolic or electrolyte changes. PMID- 3207552 TI - Correction of systolic time intervals for heart rate: a comparison of individual with population derived regression equations. AB - 1. We have examined the problem of how systolic time intervals (STI) should be corrected for heart rate in clinical pharmacological studies. 2. 'Individual' linear regression equations describing the relationship between STI and heart rate were derived for each of 43 healthy young adults (30 men and 13 women) by measuring STI at different heart rates produced by incremental doses of intravenous atropine. 'Population' equations for each sex were obtained by taking the mean of the 'individual' regression coefficients. 3. In order to assess which method more effectively reduced variability of the STI, 'individual' regression coefficients were derived for eight men who had previously participated in a placebo-controlled study which had used STI to test the cardiovascular effects of calcium antagonists alone and in combination with propranolol. 4. Within-subject variability in rate-corrected STI was similar after application of 'individual' and 'population' regression equations. Between-subject variability tended to be less after the use of 'population' equations. 5. 'Population' regression equations were more effective than 'individual' regression equations in allowing detection of differences between treatments, as judged by F values from ANOVA. 6. In clinical pharmacological studies including measurements of STI in healthy young subjects, 'individual' regression equations appear to have no advantage over 'population' equations derived in a group of subjects of similar age and sex. PMID- 3207553 TI - Delayed-release mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid): coat dissolution and excretion in ileostomy subjects. AB - 1. Delayed-release mesalazine has been formulated to deliver 5-aminosalicylic acid to the colon. We have therefore studied the ileostomy excretion and coat dissolution of this preparation. 2. Following ingestion of a single tablet 88% (range 69-114%) of the 400 mg dose appeared unchanged in the ileosomy effluent over the subsequent 12 h. 3. Ileostomy effluent pH appeared to be a major determinant of 5-aminosalicylic acid release. 4. In vitro studies revealed rapid coat dissolution above pH 7.0, slow dissolution between pH 6.0 and 7.0 and non dissolution at pH 2.0 and 4.0. PMID- 3207554 TI - Passage of chloroquine into semen. AB - The passage of chloroquine into semen was investigated in four healthy men following the oral administration of four chloroquine sulphate tablets (600 mg base) to each subject. Chloroquine was found to be excreted into semen with a slow transfer rate constant of 0.0002 min-1, and the semen/plasma ratio based on regression analysis was 0.40 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- s.d.). It is concluded that the passage of chloroquine from plasma to semen occurs by passive diffusion. PMID- 3207556 TI - Predicting the ciprofloxacin-theophylline interaction from single plasma theophylline measurements. AB - The effect of ciprofloxacin treatment on theophylline clearance was evaluated with a theophylline multiple dose, multiple sample protocol and with a single dose, single sample protocol. The object was to determine whether a single dose, single sample protocol for estimating theophylline clearance could be used as a screening strategy for evaluating host factor influences on theophylline clearance. Ciprofloxacin (750 mg per os) was administered every 12 h for nine doses in the multidose study and every 12 h for seven doses in the single dose protocol. Subjects were sixteen healthy, non-smoking young adult males. The oral clearance of theophylline at steady state, (CL/F)ss, decreased from a mean (+/- s.d.) value of 0.035 (+/- 0.008) 1 h-1 kg-1 to 0.024 (+/- 0.004) 1 h-1 kg-1 during ciprofloxacin treatment. Single sample estimates of theophylline clearance, CL/F, similarly decreased from 0.040 (+/- 0.014) 1 h-1 kg-1 to 0.018 (+/- 0.008) 1 h-1 kg-1. Mean theophylline clearances were significantly different when comparing control with ciprofloxacin treatment means (P less than 0.01), but were not different when comparing single sample vs multiple sample clearances for a given treatment (i.e. control or ciprofloxacin). It is concluded that a single dose, single sample strategy may be used in screening for host-factor influences on theophylline clearance. PMID- 3207555 TI - Excretion of tiapamil in breast milk. AB - The excretion of tiapamil in breast milk was studied in six lactating mothers (3 7 days post partum) following a single oral 600 mg dose of the drug. The milk/plasma ratio of tiapamil derived from the areas under the plasma and milk concentration-time curves was 0.44 +/- 0.10 mean +/- s.d.). Assuming an intake of 350 ml of milk during a dosing interval of 12 h, the newborn would be exposed at the maximum to 0.053 mg tiapamil. This small amount does not represent a risk for the baby. PMID- 3207557 TI - Low dose dopamine in lithium poisoning. PMID- 3207558 TI - Misuse of the standard error of the mean. PMID- 3207559 TI - The immunological basis of adverse drug reactions. A report on a symposium held in Liverpool on 6th April 1988. PMID- 3207560 TI - Effect of indomethacin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of felodipine. AB - 1. We studied the effects of pre-treatment with oral indomethacin (25 mg four times daily for 3 days) on the pharmacokinetics, haemodynamics and diuretic properties of oral felodipine (10 mg single dose) in 12 healthy male volunteers using a placebo controlled double-blind four-way crossover protocol. 2. Felodipine with or without indomethacin pretreatment reduced standing diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001) at 0.5 to 3.0 h after dosing compared with placebo or indomethacin alone. Systolic blood pressures during indomethacin treatment alone were consistently higher than the other three treatment groups (P less than 0.01), presumably due to sodium and fluid retention. 3. Felodipine and felodipine plus indomethacin produced significantly greater excretion of urine and urinary sodium, but not of urinary potassium or creatinine when compared with placebo (P less than 0.01) over an 8 h period. 4. The pharmacokinetic parameters of felodipine (Cmax, tmax, t1/2 and AUC), the concentration-response curves for blood pressure lowering effects, the reflex tachycardia, diuretic properties and side-effects profile of felodipine were not significantly altered by indomethacin pretreatment in normal volunteers. PMID- 3207561 TI - Effect of intra-articular glucocorticoids on the disposition of sulphadimidine in chronic osteoarthritis patients. AB - 1. The disposition of sulphadimidine (15 mg kg-1 orally) was investigated in six chronic osteoarthritis patients (four slow and two fast acetylators) prior to and 4 days following intra-articular administration of glucocorticoids. 2. The mean (+/- s.e. mean) renal clearance of sulphadimidine was increased from 0.03 +/- 0.01 to 0.07 +/- 0.02 ml min-1 kg-1 (P = 0.01) following the administration of intra-articular steroid. 3. Mean metabolic clearance and volume of distribution data were similar on the two study days. However, two of the slow acetylators showed marked increases (63% and 193%) in metabolic clearance following steroid treatment. PMID- 3207562 TI - An in vitro study of the microsomal metabolism and cellular toxicity of phenytoin, sorbinil and mianserin. AB - 1. The cytotoxicity of metabolites generated from phenytoin, sorbinil and mianserin by human and mouse liver microsomes was assessed by co-incubation with human mononuclear leucocytes as target cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by trypan blue dye exclusion. 2. Phenytoin and sorbinil were metabolised by NADPH dependent murine microsomal enzymes to cytotoxic metabolites. Cytotoxicity produced by both drugs was significantly enhanced by the epoxide hydrolase inhibitor trichloropropane oxide (TCPO). No significant cytotoxicity was observed in the presence of human liver microsomes. 3. Mianserin was metabolised by both human and mouse liver microsomes to a cytotoxin. Cytotoxicity was greater in the presence of human liver microsomes (13.7 +/- 2.2%; mean +/- s.d. for four livers, compared with 6.0 +/- 2.4%, mean +/- s.d., n = 4, with mouse liver microsomes), and was unaffected by pretreatment with TCPO. 4. Stable metabolites were quantified by radiometric high performance liquid chromatography. Phenytoin and sorbinil were metabolised to 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-hydantoin (0.3-0.5% of incubated radioactivity) and 2-hydroxysorbinil (0.4-2.7% of incubated radioactivity), respectively, by both human and mouse liver microsomes. 5. Mianserin was metabolised to 8-hydroxymianserin and desmethylmianserin by both human and mouse liver microsomes. Desmethylmianserin was the major product in incubations with human liver microsomes (32.3 +/- 12%, mean +/- s.d. for four livers), whereas 8-hydroxymianserin was the predominant metabolite generated by mouse liver microsomes (25.9 +/- 1.5%, mean +/- s.d., n = 4). 6. Generation of electrophilic metabolites was assessed by determination of the amount of radiolabelled material which became irreversibly bound to protein. Only mouse liver microsomes activated phenytoin to a chemically reactive metabolite, whereas both mouse and human liver microsomes generated reactive metabolites from sorbinil and mianserin. 7. These studies show that drug cytotoxicity can be mediated by low concentrations (circa microM) of metabolites generated by NADPH dependent hepatic microsomal enzymes; however demonstration of cytotoxicity in vitro has not been established as a means of predicting in vivo toxicity. PMID- 3207563 TI - Pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects of prolonged methohexitone infusion. AB - 1. The use of continuous infusion anaesthesia has only been of interest since the development of short-acting, less cumulative and less toxic drugs. 2. This study aimed to compare pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects during and after long time methohexitone constant rate infusion. Sixteen patients were given either 60 or 90 micrograms kg-1 min-1 methohexitone during 14 h. Blood samples were taken hourly during this time and 12 h following the end of infusion. 3. Infusion period was analysed by a single exponential model; post-infusion time showed a three compartment model, the intermediate phase parameters corresponding to those of the infusion period. 4. Methohexitone was haemodynamically well tolerated; prolonged infusion decreases oxygen consumption, mainly by a decrease in oxygen demand. 5. Many patients remained unconscious for unacceptably long periods of time after post-operative sedation by methohexitone. PMID- 3207564 TI - Polymorphism of debrisoquine hydroxylation among Finns and Lapps. AB - Debrisoquine hydroxylation polymorphism was studied in 155 Finns and 70 Lapps. The frequency of the poor metabolizer phenotype was 3.2% among Finns (95% confidence interval 0.4-6.0%) and 8.6% among Lapps (95% confidence interval 2.0 15.1%). PMID- 3207565 TI - Influence of menstrual cycle on antipyrine pharmacokinetics in healthy Indian female volunteers. AB - The effect of the menstrual cycle on antipyrine pharmacokinetics was studied in 11 normal, healthy Indian female volunteers. Antipyrine half-life, apparent volume of distribution, clearance and AUC were calculated by standard methods. Results indicated that in females, antipyrine half-life was significantly longer on day 5 as compared with that on days 15 and 21 of the menstrual cycle. It appears that hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs in normal healthy females. PMID- 3207566 TI - Clinical pharmacology of sibutramine hydrochloride (BTS 54524), a new antidepressant, in healthy volunteers. AB - The cardiovascular, anticholinergic and central effects of single doses of 30, 45 and 60 mg of sibutramine hydrochloride (BTS 54524), a new potential antidepressant, were compared with amitriptyline (50 mg) and placebo given at weekly intervals in a randomised design to six healthy male volunteers. Sibutramine was associated with increases in both supine heart rate and systolic blood pressure at 1, 2 and 6 h after 60 mg (P less than 0.05). Amitriptyline caused a significant 50-60% decrease in salivation compared with placebo at 2 and 6 h but there were no changes with sibutramine. No significant changes in pupil size were detected with either drug. Visual analogue rating scales (VARS) revealed significant drowsiness with amitriptyline but neither sedative nor stimulant effects with sibutramine. Impairments of simple auditory and visual reaction times, visual two-choice reaction time, finger tapping and trail making, measured using an automated test battery, occurred with amitriptyline compared with sibutramine. If sibutramine proves to be an effective antidepressant it should be devoid of anticholinergic or central depressant effects. Chronic dosage studies are indicated to evaluate the clinical significance of its cardiovascular effects. PMID- 3207567 TI - Once nightly sustained release theophylline in elderly subjects. PMID- 3207570 TI - Airgun injuries on Tyneside. PMID- 3207569 TI - A comparative study of Spiroprop and Moducren in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension in general practice. PMID- 3207568 TI - Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society, Clinical Pharmacology Section. Ireland, 6-8 July, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3207572 TI - The use of diuretics in preventing ascites recurrence. PMID- 3207571 TI - A comparison of erythromycin and flucloxacillin in the treatment of infected skin lesions in general practice. PMID- 3207574 TI - Do geriatricians need a diabetic clinic? PMID- 3207573 TI - Therapeutic milestones. Cimetidine. PMID- 3207575 TI - If I had a first time coronary. PMID- 3207576 TI - My first coronary. PMID- 3207577 TI - Causes of uraemia in the elderly. An evaluation of biochemical parameters. PMID- 3207578 TI - Sexual abuse of children; with clinical examples of sexual abuse of boys. PMID- 3207579 TI - The use of high vaginal, endocervical and rectal swabs in the diagnosis of genital infection in association with pre-term labour. PMID- 3207580 TI - An open study to evaluate the long term tolerability of Frumil in patients with congestive cardiac failure. PMID- 3207581 TI - Pyogenic sacroiliitis in children. PMID- 3207583 TI - Severe hypokalaemia. PMID- 3207582 TI - Missed asthma: a study of 13 old people. PMID- 3207584 TI - Tibial osteochondroma and popliteal artery compression. PMID- 3207585 TI - Obesity and nevocellular nevi. PMID- 3207586 TI - Local recurrence of colorectal cancer. A District General Hospital's experience. PMID- 3207587 TI - Two point sensory discrimination in syringomyelia. PMID- 3207588 TI - Does 24-hour supervisory staff coverage in the labour and delivery area change the fetal outcome? A preliminary observation. PMID- 3207590 TI - Bilateral femoral hernia in a male. PMID- 3207589 TI - The pathology of the appendix in Hong Kong. PMID- 3207591 TI - Total hip replacement infected by septic abortion. PMID- 3207592 TI - Spontaneous mid-oesophageal rupture presenting as acute abdomen. PMID- 3207593 TI - Failure of steroid and immunosuppressant therapy to halt progression of mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 3207594 TI - The management of rectal prolapse in a district general hospital. PMID- 3207595 TI - Biliary surgery in three district general hospitals: factors contributing to mortality. PMID- 3207596 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis and nasal deformity. PMID- 3207597 TI - Measurement of cell kinetics in human tumours in vivo using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and flow cytometry. AB - The proliferative potential of human solid tumours, in vivo, was investigated using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation and flow cytometry (FCM). Patients with solid tumours from a variety of sites were injected with 500 mg BrdUrd, intravenously, several hours prior to biopsy or surgical excision. The labelling index (LI), duration of S-phase (Ts) and thus the potential doubling time (Tpot) could be measured within 24 h of sampling. The results show that both the LI and Ts vary greatly between tumours (Ts ranges from 5.8 to 30.7 h). However, within this study of 26 evaluable patients, tumours of the same tissue origin tended to have similar Ts values. Melanomas had the shortest Ts (8.8 h), nine patients with head and neck cancer had Ts values ranging from 5.8 to 18.8 h (median 12.5 h). The longest Ts values (24 h) were found in lung and rectum. The estimates of Tpot ranged from only 3.2 days in an oat cell carcinoma to 23.2 days in a lymphoma. The striking feature of the study was that 38% of the tumours had a potential doubling time of 5 days or less. We found no relationship between proliferation and histopathological differentiation or DNA ploidy. It should now be possible to assess the prognostic significance of pretreatment cell kinetic measurements which may, in the future, aid in the selection of treatment schedules for the individual patient. PMID- 3207598 TI - Antitumour activity and pharmacokinetics of niosome encapsulated adriamycin in monolayer, spheroid and xenograft. AB - Niosomes are multilamellar vesicles formed from nonionic surfactants of the alkyl or dialkyl polyglycerol ether class and cholesterol. Adriamycin has been trapped within vesicles prepared from a monoalkyl triglycerol ether and its activity compared with adriamycin solution in human lung tumour cells grown in monolayer and spheroid culture and in tumour xenografted nude mice. The activity of the encapsulated adriamycin in vitro is maintained with similar clonogenic survival curves following treatment of monolayers and identical growth delays following spheroid exposure. The pharmacokinetics of adriamycin are altered in vivo in human lung tumour-bearing nude mice, when it is administered in niosomal form. There is prolonged release of drug from the plasma compartment with significantly lower peak levels; lower peak cardiac adriamycin concentrations with a shorter tissue half-life and decreased cardiac AUC and a greater degree of hepatic metabolism to inactive 7-deoxyaglycones. The tumour peak drug level and AUC was similar irrespective of the mode of administration of adriamycin. The growth delay (i.e. the time taken for the tumour volume to double) was significantly longer for adriamycin (15 days) and niosomal adriamycin (11 days) than for control (5.8 days). It is possible that the therapeutic ratio of adriamycin could be enhanced by administration in niosomal form. PMID- 3207599 TI - Cross resistance pattern towards anticancer drugs of a human carcinoma multidrug resistant cell line. AB - Puromycin-resistant (PurR) mutants/variants of a human carcinoma cell line (HeLa), which show greatly reduced cellular uptake of 3H-puromycin and 3H daunomycin have been isolated after one- and two-step selections in presence of the drug. The cross-resistance pattern of these mutant cell lines towards numerous anticancer drugs and other inhibitors has been examined. Both the first- and the second-step mutants exhibited increased resistance to a number of antimitotic drugs (viz. vinblastine, vincristine, colchicine, taxol and maytansine), several protein synthesis inhibitors (viz. chalcomycin, bruceantin, harringtonine, homoharringtonine), a large number of DNA interactive compounds (viz. aclacinomycin A, actinomycin D, adriamycin, m-AMSA, chromomycin A3, coralyne sulphoacetate, daunomycin, ellipticine, mithramycin, mitoxantrone, 5 methoxysterigmatocystin, rubidazone, variamycin, VM26 and VP16-213) and a number of other drugs acting via other mechanisms (viz. Baker's antifol, nitidine chloride and rhodamine 123). Whereas the first-step mutants showed stable resistance to these drugs, the second-step lines partially reverted upon growth in non-selective medium. Further, treatment of these mutant lines with non cytotoxic doses of the calcium channel blocker verapamil reverted or abolished their resistance to the above drugs in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast to the above compounds, the PurR mutants showed no significant cross-resistance to a large number of other drugs which included asaley, AT-125, 5-azacytidine, azaserine, cyclocytidine, cis-platin, cytosine arabinoside, chlorambucil, chlorpromazine, alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine, 5-fluorouracil, ftorafur, gallium nitrate, hydroxyurea, ICRF-159, ICRF-187, imipramine, methotraxate, 6 methylmercaptopurine riboside, mycophenolic acid, melphalan, mitomycin C, methyl GAG, nafoxidine, reumycin, 6-selenoguanosine, 6-thioguanine, tiazofurin, tamoxifen, thalicarpine, tiapamil and verapamil). These cross-resistance data should prove useful in developing suitable drug combinations to which cellular resistance would not develop readily. PMID- 3207600 TI - Epidermal growth factor receptor status of histological sub-types of breast cancer. AB - The histological breakdown of a consecutive series of 264 surgically resected malignant lesions of the breast was studied. Oestrogen and epidermal growth factor receptor status was quantified and presented along with size and lymph node status of the non-ductal lesions. Those non-ductal tumours containing EGF receptors have all recurred within two years of resection. Twenty-one percent of the lobular carcinomas contained EGF receptors compared to 34% of ductal carcinomas. EGF receptor status appeared to be associated with an increased risk of early recurrence and death whatever the histological sub-type of the breast cancer. PMID- 3207601 TI - Infused vincristine and adriamycin with high dose methylprednisolone (VAMP) in advanced previously treated multiple myeloma patients. AB - Forty-five patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma received continuous infusions of vincristine (0.4 mg total dose daily for 4 days) and adriamycin (9 mg m-2 daily for 4 days) with a high dose of methylprednisolone (1 g m-2 i.v. or p.o. daily by 1 h infusion), the VAMP regimen. Sixteen (36%) responded, with a median duration of remission of 11 months and median survival of 20 months. Major toxicities encountered were infective and cardiovascular. Two smaller groups of myeloma patients were treated with high dose methylprednisolone (HDMP) alone, or VAMP plus weekly low dose cyclophosphamide (Cyclo-VAMP). HDMP produced short responses in 25% of patients with less toxicity than VAMP. Cyclo VAMP was used in a highly selected group of patients who had previously responded to high dose melphalan. It was well tolerated and produced responses in 61% of this group. PMID- 3207602 TI - Histological grade and steroid receptor content of primary breast cancer--impact on prognosis and possible modes of action. AB - The clinical course of breast cancer was related to degree of anaplasia (DA) and steroid receptor (SR) content of primary tumours in 743 patients (pts) with clinical recurrence, initially enrolled in the DBCG-77 protocols. The oestrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PgR) content was known in 110 and 67 pts. The recurrence-free interval, survival after recurrence, and the overall survival were all prolonged in patients with well differentiated tumours or with high SR content. The tumour growth rates were estimated as clinical rates of progression (i.e., the time elapsed from a single distant metastasis until dissemination). The progression rate was prolonged in relatively well differentiated as well as in receptor rich tumours. The extent of dissemination, as indicated by the number of metastatic sites, was not associated with either DA or SR content. However, the anatomical distribution of metastases varied with both DA and SR content: signs of poor prognosis (high DA or low SR content) were associated with occurrence of visceral metastases. In contrast, SR rich tumours had a propensity for recurrence in bone. The results suggest that the impact on prognosis of the features examined here includes both variations in growth rate and metastatic pattern. PMID- 3207603 TI - Prognostic factors for survival in stage IIIB and IV Hodgkin's disease: a multivariate analysis comparing two specialist treatment centres. AB - A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was carried out on 301 patients with clinical or pathological stage III/IV Hodgkin's disease treated using the same combination chemotherapy (MVPP) at two centres (Christie Hospital, Manchester, 151 patients, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 150 patients). There were no significant difference in CR or relapse free and overall survival at 5 and 10 years between the two groups. Cox analysis of the Christie data alone produced four significant factors for survival - age, sex, lymphocyte count and stage. The latter three factors showed the same trend for the St. Bartholomew's Hospital patients but failed to reach statistical significance. Analysis of the combined data showed all four factors to be of importance in predicting survival. Three different prognostic groups were identified which separated patients with good, intermediate or poor prognosis in both centres. The good prognostic group included patients aged less than 45 years, lymphocyte count greater than 0.75 x 10(9) l-1 and female patients with stage IIIB disease (5 year survival 85%). The rest were of poorer prognosis with male stage IV patients faring particularly badly (5 year survival 40%). Problems associated with the use of multivariate analysis to produce useful prognostic groupings in patients from different centres, are discussed. PMID- 3207605 TI - Peritoneal trauma releases CA125? PMID- 3207606 TI - Expression of CA125 in pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 3207604 TI - Tamoxifen, serum lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk. AB - The influence of tamoxifen on plasma lipids and lipoproteins was monitored in 46 postmenopausal and 8 premenopausal women treated for advanced breast cancer up till 6 months. Total cholesterol (total-C) did not significantly change. However, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the HDL-C/total-C ratio rose significantly. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly decreased. Triglycerides and free fatty acids did not change markedly. The concomitant rise of sex hormone binding globulin and thyroxine binding globulin indicates that the increase of HDL-C with prolonged use of tamoxifen is compatible with an intrinsic oestrogenic effect of tamoxifen on the liver. The increased HDL-C/total-C ratio lends no support to the concern that long-term administration of this anti oestrogenic drug might lead to an increased cardiovascular risk. PMID- 3207608 TI - Hodgkin's disease: subsequent primary cancers in relation to treatment. AB - A consecutive series of 2,999 patients, diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease (HD) between 1950 and 1979, was assembled from the records of the Birmingham and West Midlands Cancer Registry and followed to the end of 1984. Cohort analyses of subsequent primary cancers among 1,976 patients, surviving one or more years (mean follow-up 6.7 person-years), were carried out in relation to overall treatment by radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT) or both modalities (CT + RT). Over all sites a 50% increase in risk, relative to the West Midlands population, was found [observed (O) = 65; relative risk (RR) = 1.5; P less than 0.01]. Among patients treated by CT (with or without RT) a significant increase in acute and non-lymphocytic leukaemias was found (O = 6; RR = 30.0; P less than 0.001). The excess risk was of the order of 1 per 1000 patient-years and the cumulative risk was 1.2%. Among solid tumours increased risks, which might be attributable to RT, occurred in the lung (O = 15; RR = 1.6; P less than 0.05), breast (O = 9; RR = 2.2; P less than 0.05) and bone (O = 2; RR = 20.0; P less than 0.01). The excess of skin cancers (O = 13; RR = 2.9; P less than 0.01) occurred mainly within 10 years of treatment with CT. The follow-up period is still insufficient to determine the long-term effect on the incidence of solid tumours with long latent periods from multiple-agent CT which became more frequently used in the early 1970s. A sub-set of these data was analysed over all treatments and the results were contributed to an international study co-ordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon. PMID- 3207607 TI - The completeness of cancer registration in England: an assessment from the Oxford FPA contraceptive study. AB - The completeness of cancer registration in England for the period 1968-85 has been assessed in a cohort of 17,000 women who reported malignancies directly to the investigators. Of 325 cancers reported, 281 (86.5%) had been registered by mid-1987. Under-registration varied considerably between regional cancer registries. Eight (18%) of the 44 unregistered cancers were treated in private hospitals. Under-registration also varied considerably with cancer site: only 8% of 150 breast cancers were not registered, and at sites accounting for 79% of all tumours, under-registration was less than 15%; however, 40% of melanomas (20 cases) and 50% of lung cancers (6 cases) were not registered. Of 281 registered tumours, only 219 (78%) were notified to the investigators from the NHSCR at Southport, with a median lag-time of 2.5 years since diagnosis. There has been a tendency for notification of registered cancers to the investigator to become more prompt but less complete. PMID- 3207609 TI - Third meeting of the British Oncological Association. York, 3-5 July, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3207610 TI - Effect of BANS location on the prognosis of clinical stage I melanoma: new data and meta-analysis. AB - Intermediate thickness (0.76-1.69 mm) clinical stage I melanomas at BANS locations (upper Back, posterior Arm, posterior Neck, posterior Scalp) were initially reported to have worse prognosis than similar thickness lesions at other subsites. Subsequent investigation did not support this observation. We re examined the hypothesis in 156 consecutive patients with clinical stage I melanomas in this thickness range, who were seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1977 to 1985. Patients with BANS lesions suffered recurrences at twice the rate of those with non-BANS lesions (28% compared with 13% at 5 years after excision of the primary melanoma), but this difference was not statistically significant. A meta-analysis of the effect of BANS subsite on death risk was performed using data from our investigation and five comparable published studies. The original data set which led to the BANS hypothesis was excluded from the meta-analysis in order to avoid bias. BANS location was associated with a 60% increased risk of death (P = 0.002). The difference remained statistically significant after elimination of any two of the six studies from the analysis. This confirms the influence of anatomical subsite on the prognosis of intermediate thickness melanoma. PMID- 3207611 TI - Intestinal mucosal mast cells: enumeration in urticaria pigmentosa and systemic mastocytosis. AB - Endoscopic gastrointestinal mucosal biopsy specimens from one patient with systemic mastocytosis and five with urticaria pigmentosa (UP) were fixed with Carnoy's reagent and then stained for chloracetate esterase. The mast cell population densities were enumerated in the mucosa using cursor planimetry. Compared with controls, mast cell counts were increased in gastric and duodenal but not sigmoid mucosae. On a histological basis, systemic involvement would appear commoner in urticaria pigmentosa than is generally expected. Gastrointestinal symptoms did not relate to elevated mucosal mast cell counts. PMID- 3207612 TI - Mast cells and IgE in intestinal mucosa in adult atopic dermatitis patients. AB - Duodenal biopsies from 29 adult atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with multiple positive skin prick test reactions were examined and the results compared with biopsies from 13 non-atopic controls. The duodenal mucosa showed mild inflammatory changes in six out of the 29 patients, but was normal in all the controls. Numerous anti-IgE positive cells, increasing with the severity of AD, were found in the duodenal mucosa in 25 of the 29 AD patients compared with few sporadic positive cells seen in only two out of 13 controls (P less than 0.001). The total serum IgE level showed a significant positive correlation with the number of anti-IgE stained cells in the mucosa (P less than 0.05). No significant differences were found in the total number of toluidine blue stained cells or cells immunoreactive for histamine between patients and controls. However, AD patients who had high numbers of anti-IgE positive cells often had decreased numbers of histamine immunoreactive cells in the mucosa suggesting mast cell degranulation. These findings provide further evidence that also in adult AD patients the gastrointestinal tract may serve as a portal of entry for allergens which may lead to exacerbation of AD. PMID- 3207613 TI - Skeletal hyperostosis and extraosseous calcification in patients receiving long term etretinate (Tigason). AB - In an ongoing study of patients on long-term etretinate (Tigason) therapy, 13 patients with a congenital or inherited disorder of keratinization and 10 patients with psoriasis were examined to investigate the incidence of, and the factors associated with, skeletal hyperostosis. Skeletal scintigraphy, plain radiographs, haematological and biochemical analyses were performed. Using all criteria, 7 of 13 patients with a congenital or inherited disorder of keratinization showed evidence of hyperostosis. No single investigation was able to detect all these cases; in particular, skeletal scintigraphy was positive in only nine of the 13 patients who showed hyperostosis. Eleven of the 13 patients with hyperostosis gave a history of musculoskeletal symptoms compared with three of the 10 patients without hyperostosis. There was no clear association with total dose or duration of treatment. Serum chemistry and haematological studies were normal. In two patients the 24-h urinary calcium excretion was significantly elevated, an abnormality which has not been described previously. Annual lateral thoracic spine radiographs with additional views of symptomatic areas are recommended for patients on long-term etretinate therapy. PMID- 3207614 TI - Inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase activity in human skin by zinc and azelaic acid. AB - The effects of zinc sulphate and azelaic acid on 5 alpha-reductase activity in human skin were studied using an in vitro assay with 1,2[3H]-testosterone as substrate. When added at concentrations of 3 or 9 mmol/l, zinc was a potent inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase activity. At high concentrations, zinc could completely inhibit the enzyme activity. Azelaic acid was also a potent inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase; inhibition was detectable at concentrations as low as 0.2 mmol/l and was complete at 3 mmol/l. An additive effect of the two inhibitors was observed. Vitamin B6 potentiated the inhibitory effect of zinc, but not of azelaic acid, suggesting that two different mechanisms are involved. When the three substances were added together at very low concentrations which had been shown to be ineffective alone, 90% inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase activity was obtained. If this inhibition is confirmed in vivo, zinc sulphate combined with azelaic acid could be an effective agent in the treatment of androgen related pathology of human skin. PMID- 3207615 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus with complement deficiency and IgA anti-cardiolipin antibody. AB - A case of aggressive systemic lupus erythematosus with a fatal outcome is described. The patient had a complement component deficiency with a strong family history of autoimmune disease. An exceptional feature of the case was the detection of a high titre of anti-cardiolipin antibody of the IgA class only. PMID- 3207616 TI - Plasma somatomedin-C levels in systemic sclerosis. AB - We have measured the plasma levels of somatomedin-C (SM-C) or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in 13 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and age and sex matched healthy controls. We found the plasma SM-C levels to be within normal limits in all the patients. Thus, if somatomedin-C plays a role in the pathogenesis of PSS, it is more likely to be at the fibroblast receptor level or in the synthetic response of fibroblasts to SM-C. PMID- 3207617 TI - Hand warming as a treatment for Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis. AB - Twelve patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) due to systemic sclerosis (SS) warmed their hands for 5 min in hand hot water every 4 h throughout the day during alternate weeks of a 6-week study. There was a statistically significant decrease in the number and duration of Raynaud's attacks in the weeks in which warming was performed compared with the intervening weeks. An increase in blood flow as measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry accompanied clinical improvement. Simple hand warming appears to be effective in the management of RP in patients with SS. PMID- 3207618 TI - In vitro transepidermal water loss: differences between black and white human skin. AB - In vivo transepidermal water loss studies are characterized by large inter individual variability and biased by environmental effects and eccrine sweating. An in vitro technique for measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was used to compare TEWL in two racial groups--blacks and whites. In both groups a significant correlation between skin temperature and increased TEWL was found (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, black skin had a significantly higher mean TEWL than white skin, corrected log TEWL 2.79 and 2.61 micrograms/cm2/h, respectively. The difference in TEWL between the groups could because measurements were made in the absence of eccrine sweating and other vital functions. The higher TEWL in black skin could be explained on the basis of a thermoregulatory mechanism. The anatomical and physiological differences in the stratum corneum between different races are discussed. PMID- 3207619 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte random migration and chemotaxis in psoriatic and healthy adult smokers and non-smokers. AB - Random migration and chemotactic responsiveness of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from psoriatic and control smokers and non-smokers were studied in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, but not in vitro, PMNs from psoriatic smokers responded to a significantly greater degree to a standard chemotaxin than did PMNs from psoriatic non-smokers, control smokers and control non-smokers. This suggests that smoking has a selective effect on psoriatic PMNs. The possible relevance of this to the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris and to palmoplantar pustulosis is discussed. PMID- 3207621 TI - Binding of nickel to human epidermis in vitro. AB - Human epidermis was homogenized, dried and incubated with nickel chloride solutions in the concentration range 0.008-3.4 mM/50 mg epidermis. Nickel uptake was found to occur according to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, giving a slope of 0.55, indicating that nickel is associatively bound to constituents of the epidermis. The binding characteristics of cobalt were very similar to those of nickel, but the two metals were not found to compete significantly for binding sites in the epidermis. The metal-chelating agents, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid disodium, (Na-EDTA) L-histidine and D-penicillamine were tested for ability to remove nickel from its binding sites. Na-EDTA was found to be the most efficient, removing 70-90% of the nickel bound to the tissue. The possible clinical significance of these in vitro observations are discussed in relation to percutaneous absorption and allergic contact dermatitis. PMID- 3207620 TI - Distribution of EGF receptor expressing and DNA replicating epidermal cells in psoriasis vulgaris and Bowen's disease. AB - We have examined the localization of DNA replicating cells and EGF receptor expressing cells in the epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris, a benign hyperproliferative skin disease, and Bowen's disease, a pre-malignant hyperproliferative skin disease, and normal skin. DNA replicating cells were detected by anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody after incubating tissue sections with BrdU, and EGF receptors were detected by the anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody B4G7. In normal skin, DNA replicating cells were localized exclusively in the basal and suprabasal layers. EGF receptor expression was observed most strongly in the basal and parabasal layers, but diminished gradually towards the upper squamous layer. In psoriatic skin, DNA replicating cells were also localized in the basal and parabasal layers, but the number of these mitotic cells was about 10 times higher than in normal skin. In this case, more EGF receptors were detected in all viable layers of the epidermis. Apparently normal skin adjacent to psoriasis lesions showed persistent expression of EGF receptors in the upper squamous layer without an increased number of DNA replicating cells in the basal and parabasal layers. In Bowen's disease, DNA replicating cells and EGF receptor expressing cells were distributed in all layers of the epidermis. These findings indicate that the increased production of EGF receptors may be, in part, responsible for the hyperproliferative state of the epidermis and that cells in the upper squamous layer of psoriasis may have lost a mechanism by which EGF receptor expression is diminished thus allowing differentiation. This altered process of EGF receptor production may be involved in the onset of psoriasis vulgaris. PMID- 3207622 TI - Foetal psoriasis. PMID- 3207623 TI - Permanent cure of hydroa vacciniforme after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3207624 TI - Haemopoiesis in long-term cultures of liver, spleen and bone marrow of pre- and postnatal mice: CFU-GM production. AB - The CFU-GM yield in confluent long-term cultures (LTC) derived from liver, spleen and bone marrow cells at different gestational and postnatal ages has been studied after the stromal adherent layer reached confluency. The stromal cell compartment of fetal and neonatal haemopoietic organs is able to sustain haemopoiesis in vitro. Moreover, the granulocyte-macrophage stem cell (CFU-GM) yield of these LTC reflects the CFU-GM content of the haemopoietic organs from which the cultures are originated. LTC from the liver produce high numbers (between 100 and 150 CFU-GM per well) of CFU-GM if the cultures are derived from fetal livers between 13 d of gestation and birth. Cultures from spleens just before and after birth, give maximal CFU-GM numbers (between 50 and 100 CFU-GM per well). The CFU-GM yield in long-term bone marrow cultures increases 10 times from 17-day-old fetus towards adult life (between 700 and 1000 CFU-GM per well. PMID- 3207625 TI - Bone marrow lymphoid nodules in myeloproliferative disorders: association with the nonmyelosclerotic phases of idiopathic myelofibrosis and immunological significance. AB - The presence of lymphoid nodules in bone marrow biopsy was investigated at diagnosis in 200 patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). Twelve out of 51 patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis (IM) showed such a feature (23.5%), versus two out of 100 with Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia, two of 32 with polycythaemia vera, and one of 17 with essential thrombocythaemia, the difference between IM and the remaining MPD being statistically significant (P less than 0.0001). When IM patients were compared for their initial characteristics according to the presence or not of bone marrow lymphoid nodules, patients with such a histological finding showed significantly lower values for either WBC counts, number of primitive cells in the blood, and serum lactic dehydrogenase levels. Moreover, it was observed that virtually all patients with lymphoid nodules were in the nonmyelosclerotic phases of IM. Finally, among the 14 of 32 IM patients (44%) investigated for circulating immune complexes who gave a positive test, a significant association between this immunological abnormality and bone marrow lymphoid nodules was found. The above results reinforce the immunological significance of the finding of bone marrow lymphoid nodules in IM and give support to the hypothesis of an immune component in the pathogenesis of the disorder. PMID- 3207626 TI - The development of non-responsiveness to immunotherapy with monoclonal anti idiotypic antibodies in a patient with B-CLL. AB - A patient having a B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia was treated with a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (MoAb anti-id). Up to 24.5 g of MoAb anti-id has been administered to the patient over a period of 1 year without serious side effects. Despite a substantial amount of serum idiotype (id = 100 micrograms/ml) and a low expression of id on the tumour cells (+/- 6000 molecules per cell) clearance of serum id and a marked tumour reduction was obtained. Therapy resistance developed and coincided with a decreased clearance rate of circulating id-anti-id immune complexes and an increased modulation of cellular id expression, in vivo. This suggests that a decreased clearance rate of anti-id coated tumour cells provided more time for id modulation in vivo, resulting in therapy resistance. Therefore, the overall capacity of the natural effector system may have an important influence on the ultimate therapeutic effect of immunotherapy with MoAb anti-id. Although the partial remission obtained was not long-lasting, this study shows that MoAb anti-id therapy can be effective even when id expression on the tumour cells is low and a substantial amount of serum id is present. PMID- 3207627 TI - Treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with ascorbate. AB - The treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) includes corticosteroids, danazol, splenectomy and various immunosuppressives. Treatment can be difficult for those patients refractory to these modalities and/or those patients intolerant of the secondary effects. In this paper we report on the use of ascorbate in the treatment of ITP and its successful use in seven of 11 patients studied. We found that therapy with ascorbate appeared to improve the platelet count and the intravascular survival of platelets. Because of excellent patient compliance and its lack of toxicity, it may be an alternative for the treatment of ITP. The exact role of ascorbate in the treatment of ITP, as well as its mechanism of action, await further study. PMID- 3207628 TI - A detailed morphological evaluation of the evolution of the haemostatic plug in normal, factor VII and factor VIII deficient dogs. AB - A standardized injury of the nail cuticle of normal, factor VII and factor VIII deficient dogs was used to study the evolution of the morphological changes occurring within the forming and formed haemostatic plug at the site of vascular injury. The morphological changes occurring were documented by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Randomized measurements were made of the distances between adjacent platelets as a function of platelet interdigitation or compaction and the degree of dilatation of the open canalicular system (OCS) was used as an indicator of the degree of platelet activation. Fibrin deposition was noted both in terms of its location and the point in time at which it first appeared. TEM demonstrated major differences between the factor VIII deficient and the normal and factor VII deficient groups. In the normal animals the intermembrane distance showed noticeable changes with the platelets becoming tightly interdigitated at the time bleeding stopped. During the same period the OCS became dilated. These changes, which were not seen in the factor VIII deficient animals, continued until many platelets lost their intracellular content and became balloon cells or ghosts and fibrinous transformation became prominent. Although those events did occur in the factor VII deficient state, each was delayed and resulted in significant differences between the factor VII and normal animals suggesting that the extrinsic pathway may play an important role in initiating the changes noted. The results suggested that the generation of thrombin and/or factor Xa is essential to promote the initial stabilization of the platelet plug as well as initiating its subsequent consolidation by fibrinous transformation. PMID- 3207629 TI - Molecular characterization of beta-globin gene mutations in patients with beta thalassaemia intermedia in south China. AB - We have studied the spectrum of mutations producting beta-thalassaemia intermedia in South China. The methods of mutation detection include oligonucleotide analysis, polymerase chain reaction amplification of the beta-globin gene and direct genomic sequencing. The mutations have been identified in 22 beta-globin genes from the patients in 11 unrelated families. Seven different mutations have been identified and the A to G substitution in the TATA box of the beta-globin gene accounts for 42% of these mutant beta-globin genes. Most patients have a beta(+) thalassaemia and one copy of the TATA box mutation. In two patients with beta(0) thalassaemia intermedia the mild phenotype may be explained in one by the presence of the - + - + + 5' beta-globin gene cluster haplotype which contains the Xmn I site -158 nt to the G gamma-globin gene or in the other by the number of alpha-globin genes present. PMID- 3207630 TI - Irreversible erythrocyte volume expansion induced by tellurite. AB - Tellurite (K2TeO3) has been suggested as a potential anti-sickling compound because it causes a selective increase in the water content of RBC. To investigate the conditions underlying the increase in RBC volume due to tellurite, normal RBCs were incubated with the compound in a physiological medium and the cells washed with a 10-fold volume of the medium. The washed cells were then incubated at 24 degrees C for periods up to 4 h and the following parameters were determined: MCV, MCH, MCHC and supernatant haemoglobin concentration by standard methods, the density distribution profile by phthalate esters and cell morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of hypertonic PBS on the tellurite-treated cells was also tested. K2TeO3 induced concentration and time dependent increases in MCV and decreases in MCHC without any apparent change in MCH. The median density and the transitional 60% density range of the cell distribution profile respectively decreased and increased in proportion to [K2TeO3] and time. Hypertonic PBS did not inhibit or reverse the tellurite induced changes in MCV and MCHC. SEM and photovolumetric measurements demonstrated tellurite-induced large vesicles ranging in size from 24 to 32 micron 3. The proportion of these vesicles increased with time and K2TeO3 concentration. Since tellurite is an oxidant, these findings suggest that its influx into the red cell results in irreversible reactions that disrupt the ion and water regulatory properties of the membrane. PMID- 3207632 TI - Haemodialysis for a haemophiliac with immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3207631 TI - Erythroid progenitor cell kinetics in chronic haemodialysis patients responding to treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin. AB - The response of bone marrow and peripheral blood erythroid progenitors to human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was studied in nine haemodialysed renal failure patients receiving this hormone for the correction of their anaemia. The haematocrit rose in all patients in response to thrice weekly injections of escalating rHuEPO doses (12-192 IU/kg). Both the numbers of CUF-e and BFU-e and their proliferative state in the bone marrow as well as BFU-e numbers in the peripheral blood were estimated before treatment and again after correction of the anaemia, at 16 h following an intravenous dose of rHuEPO. Following treatment bone marrow BFU-e numbers fell to a mean of 24.5% (P less than 0.01) of the pre treatment values although there was no significant change in CFU-e or circulating BFU-e numbers. The mitotic rate (percentage S-phase cells) estimated by tritiated thymidine suicide rose from 45.2% to 68.4% (P less than 0.05) in the case of CFU e and from 16.4% to 45.1% (P less than 0.05) for BFU-e following treatment with rHuEPO thus indicating in-vivo sensitivity of both the primitive as well as the mature erythroid progenitors to the hormone. The fall in BFU-e numbers in the bone marrow after several months of treatment may be due to a loss of cells from this progenitor pool by maturation that is uncompensated by replacement from the pluripotential stem cell compartment. PMID- 3207633 TI - 'Clover leaf' nucleus of atypical lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 3207634 TI - High dose intravenous methylprednisolone for idiopathic myelofibrosis. PMID- 3207635 TI - On self-boundary: a study of the development of the concept of secrecy. AB - The child's developing concept of a 'boundary' between an inner world of 'self' and an outer world 'non-self' is central to a number of systems of psychodynamic theory. The notion of boundary is also essential to Piaget. Despite the evident importance of the subject, there have been few attempts to discover the age at which this concept emerges. This study of 40 urban Australian children uses the development of the concept of secrecy as a marker. Most children attained this concept during the fifth year of life. PMID- 3207636 TI - Patients' techniques for coping with schizophrenia: an exploratory study. AB - Non-hospitalized schizophrenic patients were administered a questionnaire designed to assess how they coped with various symptoms of their illness. Of the 200 subjects in the sample, 92 gave additional descriptions of coping techniques which they found useful in addition to those listed in the questionnaire. This report presents the latter findings and categorizes the range of coping techniques described. Patients used a variety of such techniques ranging across a spectrum of behaviour change, socialization, cognitive control and use of medical care as well as behaviours which were likely to have been identified by others as symptomatic of the illness. PMID- 3207637 TI - Type A behaviour and life-events. AB - Our aim was to study the relationship between Type A behaviour and the occurrence of life-events in a large sample (n = 1003) of men aged 35-54. Over the whole sample, Type As reported more events during the past 12 months than Type Bs. This difference was found in the total score and in self-initiated life-events, but not in other-initiated ones. The results were similar even if those who reported chronic illness or a severe attack of chest pain were excluded. The relationship varied, however, by age as well as by marital and occupational status. PMID- 3207639 TI - Grief and rehousing. AB - The occurrence and extent of grief-like features were assessed in a sample of people who had been rehoused involuntarily. Answers indicating the following responses were reported by a proportion of those interviewed: intrusive thoughts (29 per cent), searching (22 per cent), anger (24 per cent), loss of self (56 per cent) and identification (38 per cent). PMID- 3207638 TI - Longitudinal evaluation of psychological distress in medical geriatric in patients. AB - A longitudinal evaluation of the degree and type of psychological distress was carried out in 50 geriatric medical in-patients, using the Symptom Distress Checklist. They were tested within three days of admission, after 12-15 days of hospital stay, and 20-30 days after discharge. The first two evaluations showed significantly higher distress than the third for almost all the subscales. Scores indicating a significant depressive distress decreased from 70 per cent (first evaluation) and 76 per cent (second evaluation) to 34 per cent at the third one. The number of patients with significant distress for the other SCL-90 subscales was, at the third evaluation, rather low. Our data hence seem to show that the phenomenon of psychological distress in the hospital setting is transitory, and mainly arises from the factors of 'disease' and 'hospitalization'. However, in the case of some particular aspects of psychological distress, such as depression, whilst most patients overcome it, one out of three still presents a significant degree of suffering after returning home. PMID- 3207640 TI - A prospective study of colposcopy in women with mild dyskaryosis or koilocytosis. AB - Colposcopy was performed in 91 women who had cervical cytology suggesting mild dyskaryosis or showing koilocytosis, all previous cytology having been normal. The final histological diagnosis was CIN III in 22%, CIN II in 18%, CIN I in 31%, koilocytosis alone in 14% and no abnormality in 15%. These results indicate that even with mild cytological atypia, a high proportion of patients will have more advanced disease when colposcopy-directed punch biopsy is performed. PMID- 3207641 TI - Early pregnancy wastage after gamete manipulation. AB - The outcome of 1034 pregnancies in women who conceived after referral for infertility management in seven treatment groups is detailed. The mean early pregnancy wastage (before 20 weeks gestation) was 27% and ranged from 18% after AID (artificial insemination by donor semen) to 33% after IVF-ET (in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer). These differences were not due to maternal age which was similar in all groups (means between 29.7 and 32.7 years). Excluding the AID group, there was a high rate of ectopic pregnancy which was significantly higher after GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer) and was only partly related to underlying tubal disease. Blighted ova was the main category of early pregnancy loss and was highest after AIH (artificial insemination by husband's semen). There was a higher rate of biochemical pregnancies after GIFT, PROST (pronuclear stage tubal transfer) and IVF-ET. Our findings confirm a high pregnancy wastage rate in subfertile women and highlight deficiencies in the sperm separation, gamete handling and IVF/embryo culture techniques. PMID- 3207642 TI - Screening of the fetal heart rate in early labour. AB - The fetal heart rates (FHR) of 588 women admitted in labour, or in early labour after induction, were screened for up to 60 min (average 17 min) using computerized numerical analysis. Decelerative records with normal FHR variation occurred in eight (1.4%) and were not associated with acidaemia or depression at birth. Forty women (6.8%) had fetuses with a reduced FHR variation. They were more likely to be in spontaneous labour, to be at an earlier gestational age, and to be delivered operatively for fetal distress of babies that were more hypoxaemic and acidaemic. However, none of the fetuses with the least variable FHR patterns required resuscitation at birth or special care. The results of the screening procedure were not fully concealed and could have influenced clinical management. This is unlikely to have caused the associations that were observed, but could have reduced an association between low FHR variation and poor outcome. We conclude that there is a basis for a randomized controlled trial of FHR screening in early labour, but that this would need to be large (more than 10,000 patients) to test the benefit of detecting the most sinister pattern (decelerations with reduced variation) of which only one example was found in this study. PMID- 3207643 TI - Fetal outcome in obstetric cholestasis. AB - Obstetric cholestasis has been associated with a high incidence of stillbirth and perinatal complications. Between 1975 and 1984, 83 pregnancies were complicated by cholestasis. Meconium staining occurred in 45%, spontaneous preterm labour in 44%, and intrapartum fetal distress in 22%. Of 86 infants two were stillborn and one died soon after birth. Perinatal mortality fell from 107 in a previous series from this hospital (1965-1974) to 35/1000 in this series. Cardiotocography, estimations of oestriol, liver function tests and ultrasonic assessment of amniotic fluid volume failed to predict fetal compromise, whereas amniocentesis revealed meconium in 8 of 26 pregnancies. Early intervention was indicated in 49 pregnancies, 12 because of fetal compromise. This study suggests that intensive fetal surveillance, including amniocentesis for meconium, and induction of labour at term or with a mature lecithin/sphyngomyelin ratio, may reduce the stillbirth rate in this 'high-risk' condition. PMID- 3207644 TI - Fetomaternal macrotransfusion in the Yorkshire region. 2. Perinatal outcome. AB - The perinatal outcome associated with fetomaternal macrotransfusion (FMMT), defined as fetomaternal haemorrhage greater than or equal to 10 ml, was investigated in a study group of 179 cases of FMMT and compared with the outcome in 322 controls selected from the same population. Perinatal mortality and morbidity occurred more frequently in the case group (P less than 0.01). The mean Apgar score at 1 min and the cord haemoglobin level differed significantly between the case and control groups (P less than 0.01) and showed a significant inverse correlation with the estimated volumes of FMMT (P less than 0.0001). There was no significant difference in birthweight between the case and control groups. The mean estimated volumes of FMMT associated with perinatal mortality and with low cord haemoglobin (less than or equal to 9.0 g/dl) were significantly higher than the mean volume in the case group as a whole, which suggests the possibility of adapting these observations to a screening procedure. PMID- 3207645 TI - The variation in cervical hydroxyproline and cervical water with age. AB - The squamocolumnar junction is frequently not visible in the postmenopausal patient. This study attempts to identify some of the changes in the cervix that may account for this observation. Twenty-four cervical biopsy samples taken at the squamocolumnar junction were analysed for hydroxyproline (collagen) and water content. There was significantly more hydroxyproline (collagen) in the premenopausal woman than the postmenopausal woman. Similarly, there was higher percentage of water in the biopsies in the premenopausal woman than the postmenopausal woman. Further samples obtained deeper in the cervical stroma did not confirm these differences. It appears likely that differences in cervical water and cervical collagen near the surface of the cervix account, at least in part, for the lack of visibility of the squamocolumnar junction in the older woman. PMID- 3207646 TI - Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary: a retrospective study. AB - Thirty-nine women with endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary were studied for factors relating to their presentation, treatment and survival. Nine of the women (23%) had a concomitant adenocarcinoma of the endometrium at the time of presentation. There were no significant differences in age at presentation or menopausal status between the two groups. The actuarial 5-year survival for women with endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary alone was 43%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 24% to 62% (stage I 80%, CI 45% to 100%, stage II 62%, CI 27% to 97%, and stage III 21%, CI 0% to 42%). The 5-year survival for women with concomitant endometrial tumours was 62.5% (CI 28.5% to 96.5%). The difference in the overall survival rate between the two groups was not significant. PMID- 3207647 TI - Bladder drainage: a survey of practices among gynaecologists in the British Isles. AB - All 2836 members and fellows of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists were circulated with a questionnaire concerning catheterization practices; 1229 replies were received, an overall response rate of 43%; the response rate from practitioners of consultant and senior registrar status was 67%. Practices varied considerably, some aspects of management apparently relating to the age or experience of the surgeon, some to their level of interest or surgical commitment in gynaecological urology, and some showing regional variation. Of the 960 respondents in active gynaecological practice, 84-93% (depending on the operation) drained the bladder before routine abdominal procedures, 52-54% (depending on the route) drained the bladder before incontinence surgery, and 62-70% routinely used continuous bladder drainage for periods between 1 and 12 days following these procedures. Overall, 51% of respondents preferred urethral, and 39% suprapubic catheters for postoperative bladder drainage; this showed a marked regional- and experience-related variation. Prophylactic antibiotics were used by 32% of gynaecologists overall, and a wide variety of other measures were employed in the management of catheter associated infection, and other problems of catheter management. PMID- 3207648 TI - The distribution of CA 125 in the reproductive tract of pregnant and non-pregnant women. AB - Investigation of serum and tissue homogenates obtained from first, second and third trimester pregnancies, and from non-pregnant women, has provided further insight into the possible origin of the CA 125 antigen. Serum CA 125 levels were higher in the first trimester (median 53.6 U/ml, range 15.6-268.3 U/ml) than in non-pregnant women (median 19.3 U/ml, range 7.2-27.0 U/ml) and later in pregnancy (second trimester: median 18.5 U/ml, range 12.0-25.1 U/ml, third trimester: median 19.2 U/ml, range 16.8-43.8 U/ml) (P less than 0.05) but were two orders of magnitude less than in second trimester amniotic fluid (median 4825 U/ml, range 3200-9300 U/ml). Fetal serum CA 125 activity was consistently less than 20 U/ml. The highest tissue levels of CA 125 were detected in first trimester decidual homogenate (median 4547 U/100 mg, range 340.4-20 851 U/100 mg) and were greater than in non-pregnant endometrium (median 388 U/100 mg, range 100.9-3341 U/100 mg) (P less than 0.01) and term decidua (median 116 U/100 mg, range 32.7-449.9 U/100 mg) (P less than 0.01). These observations suggest that CA 125 is synthesized by normal endometrium and decidua and that increased CA 125 activity during pregnancy is of decidual origin. PMID- 3207649 TI - Pneumococcal neonatal colonization and sepsis in association with maternal genital pneumococcal colonization. Case reports. PMID- 3207650 TI - Increased platelet reactivity in pregnancy-induced hypertension and uncomplicated diabetic pregnancy: an indication for antiplatelet therapy? PMID- 3207651 TI - Can risk factors be identified for failure of laser treatment to the cervix? PMID- 3207652 TI - The effect of pelvic floor exercises in the treatment of genuine urinary stress incontinence in women at two hospitals. PMID- 3207653 TI - A rapid method of grading cataract in epidemiological studies and eye surveys. AB - A rapid method of grading clinically important central lens opacities has been developed for use in eye surveys and in epidemiological studies of cataract and has been field-tested in a specifically designed observer agreement study in a survey of a rural community in Central India. The grading method is based on simple measurement of the area of lens opacity that obscures the red reflex relative to the area of clear red reflex, as visualised through the undilated normal pupil. Good to almost perfect agreements were attained between two ophthalmologists and two trained ophthalmic assistants for overall grades of central lens opacity. Most disagreements were trivial in nature and were concerned with difficulties in distinguishing grade 0 from grade 1, and with hazy appearance of the red reflex in high myopes and in cases of early nuclear sclerosis. Teaching materials including video tape and slides for training survey teams and other workers are in preparation. PMID- 3207654 TI - A case-control study of cataract in Oxfordshire: some risk factors. AB - Three hundred patients with cataract and 609 control subjects with the same age sex distribution were interviewed in a study of cataract in Oxfordshire, England. The risks associated with severe diarrhoea, glaucoma, and work on a military base have been demonstrated. Population attributable risks were calculated for those and other risk factors. PMID- 3207655 TI - Drugs, including alcohol, that act as risk factors for cataract, and possible protection against cataract by aspirin-like analgesics and cyclopenthiazide. AB - A case-control study of cataract in Oxfordshire explored the risks and benefits associated with a variety of drugs. Steroids including the diuretic spironolactone, nifedipine, heavy smoking, and beer drinking were associated with a raised risk. On the other hand aspirin-like analgesics (paracetamol, ibuprofen, aspirin, etc. appeared to protect against cataract. Cyclopenthiazide appeared to provide a similar protection. PMID- 3207656 TI - Surgery of aphakic retinal detachment. AB - In a prospective study 84 patients with aphakic retinal detachment were treated either by local scleral buckling alone or combined with an encirclement. The rate of surgical reattachment of the retina was found to be similar with either technique over a minimum follow-up period of one year. Simplicity and a low incidence of serious complications of the local procedure merit its application as the initial method of repairing aphakic detachments. PMID- 3207657 TI - Visual after-effects associated with the use of high-resolution visual display units. AB - A long-lasting visual after-effect associated with the use of a high-resolution green visual display unit (VDU) is described in eight normal volunteers. Its duration to a standard VDU exposure is measured. It is related to the McCollough effect and is thought to be either a fatiguing of green colour-coded edge detectors or an associative phenomenon. A reduction or loss of the usual foveal peak of the critical flicker frequency (CFF) to red is also described. PMID- 3207658 TI - Changing fluorescein angiographic appearance of a subretinal membrane. AB - A patient is described in whom a post-traumatic subretinal membrane changed with time from a hypofluorescent to a hyperfluorescent appearance. It is suggested that the early hypofluorescence was due to a masking effect of the hyperplastic retinal pigment epithelium and the late hyperfluorescence to pigment defect and staining of the membrane. PMID- 3207659 TI - Evaluation of a non-mydriatic camera in Indian and European diabetic patients. AB - The value of the Canon CR3-45NM non-mydriatic fundus camera in screening for diabetic retinopathy has been assessed in two ethnic groups, namely, 45 Indian and 40 European diabetic patients. There was 72% agreement between ophthalmoscopy by an ophthalmologist and the photographic assessment, and 100% agreement on clinically important lesions requiring treatment. However, peripheral retinal lesions, seen on ophthalmoscopy but lying outside the photographic field, occurred in 4% of eyes. 6% of photographs were totally unassessable and an additional 12% were only partially assessable. The prevalence and severity of retinopathy was similar in Indian and European patients. The advantages and disadvantages of the non-mydriatic camera in screening for diabetic retinopathy are discussed. PMID- 3207661 TI - A case of 'low tension glaucoma' with primary empty sella. AB - A case of 'low tension glaucoma' with primary empty sella is reported. The visual field defect and optic disc change were characteristic of glaucoma. The intraocular pressure was within normal limits. X-ray examination and the metrizamide-CF procedures revealed a primary empty sella. The coexistence of 'low tension glaucoma' and empty sella is discussed. PMID- 3207662 TI - Spontaneous reformation of upper eyelid. AB - Twenty-six patients with lesions of upper eyelids were treated with simple surgical excision under local anaesthesia as day cases. Three other patients with eyelid injuries had full-thickness margin-inclusive lacerations of upper eyelids. In all these 29 patients the upper eyelid wounds were allowed to heal solely by spontaneous repair. The cautious study began with small extramarginal skin excisions and progressed gradually via moderate sized juxtamarginal excisions of skin and orbicularis lamella to full-thickness margin-inclusive excisions. The wounds healed satisfactorily in all the 29 patients without ocular or palpebral complications. The functional results were normal. Cosmetic results were excellent in 27 patients and acceptable in 2, one of whom subsequently underwent a secondary oculoplastic repair. This study demonstrates that, for upper eyelids, full-thickness margin-inclusive excisions of up to 10 mm in horizontal extent and 5-6 mm in height, and moderate sized 13 X 10 mm juxtamarginal excisions of the skin and orbicularis lamella, yield near normal results with solely spontaneous repair. Immediate surgical reconstruction of such wounds is assumed to be mandatory by current tenets of oculoplastic surgery. PMID- 3207660 TI - Single stage insertion of the Molteno tube for glaucoma and modifications to reduce postoperative hypotony. AB - Severe glaucoma was controlled in all 13 cases following insertion of a Molteno drain in a single stage procedure. One eye required a repeat operation. A modified technique to minimise early postoperative hypotony and prevent flat anterior chambers is described. PMID- 3207663 TI - Blepharochalasis. AB - Blepharochalasis is an uncommon disorder distinguished by recurrent episodes of eyelid oedema in young patients. A hypertrophic form, manifested as fat herniation, and an atrophic form, manifested as fat atrophy, have been described. Ptosis with excellent levator function, laxity of the lateral canthal structures with rounding of the lateral canthal angle, nasal fat pad atrophy, and redundant eyelid skin develop after many episodes of eyelid swelling. Fine wrinkling, atrophy, and telangiectasias characterise the excess eyelid skin. We describe four cases of this syndrome in which external levator aponeurosis tuck, blepharoplasty, lateral canthoplasty, and dermis fat grafts were used to correct atrophic blepharochalasis after the syndrome had run its course. PMID- 3207664 TI - Testicular cancer presenting as a red swollen lid. AB - A case is reported in which a testicular cancer presented as a metastatic deposit in the eyelid. The histological appearances of both the metastasis and the subsequently detected primary were diagnostic of malignant teratoma trophoblastic (MTT). After comments on the testicular tumour, metastases occurring in the eye and adnexa are discussed. PMID- 3207665 TI - Bilateral orbital cavernous haemangiomas. AB - Simultaneous bilateral orbital lesions are rare. The differential diagnosis includes orbital pseudotumour, metastasis, leukaemia, lymphoma, Wegener's granulomatosis, and neurofibromatosis. We report what we believe to be the first case of bilateral orbital cavernous haemangiomas. PMID- 3207667 TI - Postmeasles blindness. PMID- 3207666 TI - Detection and quantification of S-100 protein in ocular tissues and fluids from patients with intraocular melanoma. AB - S-100 protein is a 21,000 dalton acidic calcium-binding protein present in ocular melanomas and some normal ocular tissues. Ocular fluids and extracts of ocular tumours were examined by a sensitive radioimmunoassay that could detect less than 5 ng of S-100 protein in minute volumes of fluid. Three ocular melanoma biopsy specimens had S-100 protein at levels between 25 and 1300 ng/ml, comparable to that found in a cutaneous melanoma biopsy specimen (1000 ng/ml). (SI conversion: ng/ml = microgram/l.) Six melanoma culture lines had 1000 to 125,000 ng/ml. Four lymphoblastoid cultures had less than 2 ng/ml, and three colon carcinoma cultures had 180 ng/ml. Subretinal fluid from 23 melanoma-containing eyes had 10 to 76,800 ng/ml. Lesser amounts were found in eyes with small, anteriorly located, lightly pigmented tumours. Vitreous from 3 melanoma-containing eyes had 10,000 to 11,000 ng/ml. Vitreous obtained from three eyes during tractional retinal detachment repair had 500 to 1600 ng/ml, and vitreous obtained at necropsy from six normal eyes had 2 to 120 ng/ml. Aqueous from six melanoma-containing eyes had 10 to 30 ng/ml, levels not significantly different from those observed in three normal eyes (80-120 ng/ml). This approach provides new insight into the interaction of ocular tumours and adjacent ocular fluids and may, with more specific tumour markers, have diagnostic applications. PMID- 3207668 TI - Catalysis of a rotational transition in a peptide by crystal forces. AB - Detailed examination of the dynamics trajectories of the isolated cyclic peptide cyclo-(Ala-Pro-D-Phe)2 and of the molecule in its crystalline environment led to the unexpected observation that the methyl groups of the alanine residues rotated more frequently during a simulation in the crystal environment than in a simulation of the isolated peptide. In effect, the crystal environment is "catalyzing" the rotational isomerization of the methyl groups. In order to understand how the crystal forces increase the rate of this rotation, and to explore any possible analogy to the inducing of strained conformations of ligands by enzymes, the barriers to rotation in the two environments were studied by using the torsion angle forcing method. The crystal forces induce a different, higher energy, conformation of the peptide than is found for the isolated molecule, and the different rates of rotation have been explained in terms of the resulting specific intramolecular interactions that, it turns out, give rise to the lower rotational barrier. Molecular dynamics simulations of the peptide were also run at higher temperatures in order to calculate the barriers to rotation through the use of Arrhenius plots. The barriers obtained in this way agree well with the barriers obtained through an adiabatic reaction path derived by rotating the methyl through the barrier while minimizing all remaining degrees of freedom. The rates of rotation calculated from these adiabatic barriers also agree well with the rates observed during the 300 K simulations. PMID- 3207670 TI - Solution-state structure of the Dewar pyrimidinone photoproduct of thymidylyl-(3' ---5')-thymidine. AB - The preparation, spectroscopic investigation, structure determination, conformational analysis, and modeling of the Dewar pyrimidinone photoproduct of thymidylyl-(3'----5')-thymidine, previously referred to as TpT3 [Johns, H. E., Pearson, M. L., LeBlanc, J. C., & Heilleiner, C. W. (1964) J. Mol. Biol. 9, 503 524], is described. TpT3 was prepared in quantitative yield by photolysis of an aqueous solution of the (6-4) photoproduct of TpT with Pyrex-filtered medium pressure mercury arc light. TpT3 was analyzed by FAB MS, IR, UV, and 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data led to the conclusion that TpT3 results from the photoisomerization of the pyrimidinone ring of the (6-4) product of TpT to its Dewar valence isomer. Torsion angle and interproton distance information derived from coupling constants and NOE data was used to constrain ring conformation searches by utilizing the SYBYL molecular modeling program subroutine SEARCH. Sets of angles derived from the ring search procedure were then used to construct structures whose geometries were optimized by the energy minimization subroutine MAXIMIN. A two-state model for the solution-state structure of the Dewar photoproduct was chosen which was energetically sound, fit the experimental coupling constants with an RMS deviation of 1.15 Hz, and was consistent with the NOE data. The model for the Dewar photoproduct was compared to a model for the (6-4) photoproduct and the TpT subunits of the Dickerson dodecamer structure by a least-squares fitting procedure. It was concluded that the Dewar photoproduct more closely resembles a B-form TpT unit than does the (6 4) photoproduct. PMID- 3207669 TI - UV-induced pyrimidine dimers and trimethylpsoralen cross-links do not alter chromatin folding in vitro. AB - We have examined the ability of intact and histone H1 depleted chromatin fibers to fold into higher ordered structures in vitro following DNA damage by two different agents: UV irradiation at 254 nm and trimethylpsoralen plus near-UV light. Both agents damage DNA specifically, yet cause different degrees of unwinding (and possibly bending) of the DNA helix. In addition, trimethylpsoralen forms interstrand DNA cross-links. The structural transitions of intact and histone H1 depleted chromatin fibers, induced by NaCl, were monitored by analytical ultracentrifugation, light scattering, and circular dichroism. Our results indicate that when chromatin fibers contain even large, nonphysiological amounts of DNA photodamage by either agent, the salt-induced folding of these fibers into higher ordered structures is unaffected. The compact 30-nm fiber must therefore be able to accommodate a large amount of DNA photodamage (greater than one UV-induced photoproduct or trimethylpsoralen interstrand cross-link per nucleosome) with little or no change in the overall size or compaction of this structure. PMID- 3207671 TI - Non-Watson-Crick structures in oligodeoxynucleotides: self-association of d(TpCpGpA) stabilized at acidic pH. AB - The 1H NMR spectrum of the tetradeoxynucleotide d(TpCpGpA) was examined as a function of temperature, pH, and concentration. At pH 7 and above the solution conformation for this oligodeoxynucleotide appears to be a mixture of random coil and Watson-Crick duplex. At 25 degrees C, a pH titration of d(TpCpGpA) shows that distinct conformational changes occur as the pH is lowered below 7.0. These conformational changes are reversible upon readjusting the pH to neutrality, indicating the presence of a pH-dependent set of conformational equilibria. At 25 degrees C, the various conformational states in the mixture are in rapid exchange on the NMR time scale. Examination of the titration curve shows the presence of distinct conformational states at pH greater than 7, and between pH 4 and pH 5. At pH less than 4, a third conformational state is present. When the pH titration is repeated at 5 degrees C, the conformational equilibria are in slow exchange on the NMR time scale; distinct signals from each conformational state are observable. The stable conformational state present between pH 4 and pH 5 represents an ordered conformation of d(TpCpGpA) which dissociates to a less ordered structure upon raising the temperature. This ordered conformation does not result from an intramolecular rearrangement, as is shown by by spectra obtained by varying oligodeoxynucleotide concentration at constant pH. The ordered conformation differs from the Watson-Crick helix, as is shown from nuclear Overhauser enhancement experiments, as well as chemical shift data. An ordered conformation for d(TpCpGpA) was previously reported [Reid, D. G., Salisbury, S. A., Brown, T., & Williams, D. H. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 4325 4332].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207672 TI - Assignments of 31P NMR resonances in oligodeoxyribonucleotides: origin of sequence-specific variations in the deoxyribose phosphate backbone conformation and the 31P chemical shifts of double-helical nucleic acids. AB - It is now possible to unambiguously assign all 31P resonances in the 31P NMR spectra of oligonucleotides by either two-dimensional NMR techniques or site specific 17O labeling of the phosphoryl groups. Assignment of 31P signals in tetradecamer duplexes, (dTGTGAGCGCTCACA)2, (dTAT-GAGCGCTCATA)2, (dTCTGAGCGCTCAGA)2, and (dTGTGTGCGCACACA)2, and the dodecamer duplex d(CGTGAATTCGCG)2 containing one base-pair mismatch, combined with additional assignments in the literature, has allowed an analysis of the origin of the sequence-specific variation in 31P chemical shifts of DNA. The 31P chemical shifts of duplex B-DNA phosphates correlate reasonably well with some aspects of the Dickerson/Calladine sum function for variation in the helical twist of the oligonucleotides. Correlations between experimentally measured P-O and C-O torsional angles and results from molecular mechanics energy minimization calculations show that these results are consistent with the hypothesis that sequence-specific variations in 31P chemical shifts are attributable to sequence specific changes in the deoxyribose phosphate backbone. The major structural variation responsible for these 31P shift perturbations appears to be P-O and C-O backbone torsional angles which respond to changes in the local helical structure. Furthermore, 31P chemical shifts and JH3'-P coupling constants both indicate that these backbone torsional angle variations are more permissive at the ends of the double helix than in the middle. Thus 31P NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics energy minimization calculations appear to be able to support sequence-specific structural variations along the backbone of the DNA in solution. PMID- 3207673 TI - In situ enzymology of DNA replication and ultraviolet-induced DNA repair synthesis in permeable human cells. AB - Using permeable diploid human fibroblasts, we have studied the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate concentration dependences of ultraviolet- (UV-) induced DNA repair synthesis and semiconservative DNA replication. In both cell types (AG1518 and IMR-90) examined, the apparent Km values for dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP for DNA replication were between 1.2 and 2.9 microM. For UV-induced DNA repair synthesis, the apparent Km values were substantially lower, ranging from 0.11 to 0.44 microM for AG1518 cells and from 0.06 to 0.24 microM for IMR-90 cells. Control experiments established that these values were not significantly influenced by nucleotide degradation during the permeable cell incubations or by the presence of residual endogenous nucleotides within the permeable cells. Recent data implicate DNA polymerase delta in UV-induced repair synthesis and suggest that DNA polymerases alpha and delta are both involved in semiconservative replication. We measured Km values for dGTP and dTTP for polymerases alpha and delta, for comparison with the values for replication and repair synthesis. Km values for polymerase alpha were 2.0 microM for dGTP and 5.0 microM for dTTP. For polymerase delta, the Km values were 2.0 microM for dGTP and 3.5 microM for dTTP. The deoxyribonucleotide Km values for DNA polymerase delta are much greater than the Km values for UV-induced repair synthesis, suggesting that when polymerase delta functions in DNA repair, its characteristics are altered substantially either by association with accessory proteins or by direct posttranslational modification. In contrast, the deoxyribonucleotide binding characteristics of the DNA replication machinery differ little from those of the isolated DNA polymerases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207674 TI - Angiogenin abolishes cell-free protein synthesis by specific ribonucleolytic inactivation of 40S ribosomes. AB - The translational capacity of a rabbit reticulocyte lysate is rapidly abolished on treatment with angiogenin, an effect that is due to cleavage of rRNA [St. Clair, D. K., Rybak, S. M., Riordan, J. F., & Vallee, B. L. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 8330-8334]. The same time course of inhibition is seen when isolated ribosomes are treated with angiogenin prior to being added to a ribosome dependent lysate system. In both cases, the onset of inhibition occurs at a rate similar to that seen on addition of puromycin, a known inhibitor of elongation, suggesting that this is the step in the protein synthesis machinery that is inactivated by angiogenin. The action of angiogenin on ribosomes is quite specific: both 28S and 18S rRNAs are cleaved whereas 5.8S and 5S rRNAs are not. Moreover, 28S and 18S rRNAs are affected differently. Prolonged incubation with angiogenin degrades 28S rRNA extensively but only causes limited cleavage of 18S rRNA. Remarkably, it is the effect of angiogenin on 18S rRNA that seems to be responsible for the inhibition of protein synthesis rather than the nucleolytic degradation of 28S rRNA. This has been demonstrated by separating the isolated ribosomes into their 40S and 60S subunits and treating them individually with angiogenin. The pattern of rRNA cleavage is the same with the separated subunits as with intact ribosomes, but translation is abolished only on treatment of the 40S, not the 60S, subunit with angiogenin. These results confirm our previous observations on the effect of angiogenin on the rabbit reticulocyte cell-free translation system and extend the understanding of its mechanism of action on the ribosome. PMID- 3207675 TI - cDNA cloning of the Octopus dofleini hemocyanin: sequence of the carboxyl terminal domain. AB - A cDNA library was constructed in pUC 19, using poly(A+) RNA purified from Octopus dofleini branchial gland, which is the site of hemocyanin biosynthesis in cephalopods. The library was screened with an oligonucleotide probe derived from a portion of the partially known sequence of the C-terminal domain of Paroctopus dofleini dofleini. The clone with the longest insert--called pHC1--was sequenced and used as a probe for Northern blotting. It hybridized to a 9.5-kb RNA species, which was also visible as a band after ethidium bromide staining. The cDNA insert (approximately 1200 bp) of pHC1 contained an open reading frame of 1071 bp coding for 357 amino acids. In this insert, a region coding for 42 amino acids from the N-terminal end of the C-terminal domain is missing. These were obtained by sequencing a cloned primer extension product. By comparing our sequence with Helix pomatia beta c-hemocyanin unit D, we found 42.9% identical and 11.5% similar residues. One putative copper binding site (site B) was identified by homology to Helix hemocyanin and arthropodan hemocyanin. The location of a second possible site was identified. PMID- 3207676 TI - Structure and function of the carboxyl-terminal oxygen-binding domain from the subunit of Octopus dofleini hemocyanin. AB - The C-terminal domain, Od-1, of the 7-domain subunit of Octopus dofleini hemocyanin has been prepared by partial trypsinolysis followed by ion-exchange chromatography. It binds oxygen reversibly and is homogeneous in molecular weight. Its physical properties have been compared with those of the subunit. The domain molecular weight is found by sedimentation equilibrium to be 4.7 X 10(4), in excellent agreement with the result recently obtained in our laboratory from cDNA sequencing of this domain [Lang, W. H. (1988) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. It has a sedimentation coefficient of 3.8 S. Both the molecular weight and sedimentation coefficient are consistent with the domain constituting approximately one-seventh of the Mr 3.5 X 10(5) subunit. Its amino acid composition and carbohydrate content differ significantly from that of the whole subunit, confirming the heterogeneity in domains previously established on an immunological basis. Circular dichroism predicts similar secondary structure for the domain and subunit. The domain does not self-associate in the presence of Mg2+ but does bind to the whole molecule in a ratio of approximately 1 domain/subunit. The oxygen affinity of this domain is quite low. It shows intrinsic magnesium and Bohr effects similar to those of the whole molecule but of greatly reduced magnitude. PMID- 3207677 TI - Inhibition of arginine aminopeptidase by bestatin and arphamenine analogues. Evidence for a new mode of binding to aminopeptidases. AB - The synthesis and inhibition kinetics of a new, potent inhibitor of arginine aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase B; EC 3.4.11.6) are reported. The inhibitor is a reduced isostere of bestatin in which the amide carbonyl is replaced by the methylene (-CH2-) moiety. Analysis of the inhibition of arginine aminopeptidase by this inhibitor according to the method of Lineweaver and Burk yields an unusual noncompetitive double-reciprocal plot. The replot of the slopes versus [inhibitor] is linear (Kis = 66 nM), but the replot of the y intercepts (1/V) versus [inhibitor] is hyperbolic (Kii = 10 nM, Kid = 17 nM). These results provide evidence for a kinetic mechanism in which the inhibitor binds to the S1' and S2' subsites on the enzyme, not the S1 and S1' subsites occupied by dipeptide substrates. Furthermore, structure-activity data for a series of ketomethylene dipeptide isosteres in which the amide (-CONH-) of a dipeptide is replaced with the ketomethylene (-COCH2-) moiety show that the S1 and S1' subsites preferentially bind basic and aromatic side chains, respectively. These results are in agreement with the known substrate specificity of arginine aminopeptidase. The structure-activity data for several bestatin analogues, however, show that these compounds do not bind to the S1 and S1' sites of arginine aminopeptidase. A comparison of the data provides evidence that bestatin inhibits arginine aminopeptidase and possibly other aminopeptidases by binding to the S1' and S2' sites of the enzyme. PMID- 3207678 TI - Isopentenyl-diphosphate isomerase: inactivation of the enzyme with active-site directed irreversible inhibitors and transition-state analogues. AB - Seven analogues of isopentenyl diphosphate (1) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (2) containing fluorine, epoxy, and ammonium functional groups irreversibly inhibited isopentenyl-diphosphate:dimethylallyl-diphosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.3.2) from the mold Claviceps purpurea. Inactivation kinetics, substrate protection studies, and labeling experiments demonstrated that the analogues interacted stoichiometrically with the active site of the enzyme. Radioactive enzyme inactivator complexes were stable to extended dialysis and treatment with chaotropic reagents. The complexes resulting from inactivation of isomerase by 3 (fluoromethyl)-3-buten-1-yl diphosphate (3) and 3,4-epoxy-3-methyl-1-butyl diphosphate (4) were also stable to ion-exchange chromatography and gel electrophoresis. Stoichiometric release of fluoride ion occurred during inactivation of isomerase with 3. This observation is consistent with SN2 or SN2' displacement of fluorine by an active-site nucleophile with concomitant covalent attachment of the inactivator to the enzyme. 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl diphosphate (9) formed a stable noncovalent complex with isomerase with Kdis less than 1.2 x 10(-10) M. The enzyme-inhibitor complex was stable in 6 M urea, but the inhibitor was partially released upon treatment with SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol at 37 degrees C for 1 h. The results indicate that 9 is a transition-state/reactive intermediate analogue where the positively charged ammonium group mimics a tertiary carbocationic species in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. PMID- 3207679 TI - Mechanistic deductions from kinetic isotope effects and pH studies of pyridoxal phosphate dependent carbon-carbon lyases: Erwinia herbicola and Citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase. AB - The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters and primary deuterium isotope effects have been determined for tyrosine phenol-lyase from both Erwinia herbicola and Citrobacter freundii. The primary deuterium isotope effects indicate that proton abstraction from the 2-position of the substrate is partially rate-limiting for both enzymes. The C. freundii enzyme primary deuterium isotope effects [DV = 3.5 and D(V/Ktyr) = 2.5] are pH independent, indicating that tyrosine is not sticky (i.e., does not dissociate slower than it reacts to give products). Since Vmax for both tyrosine and the alternate substrate S-methyl-L-cysteine is also pH independent, substrate binds only to the correctly protonated form of the enzyme. For the E. herbicola enzyme, both Vmax and V/K for tyrosine or S-methyl-L cysteine are pH dependent, as well as both DV and D(V/Ktyr). Thus, while both the protonated and unprotonated enzyme can bind substrate, and may be interconverted directly, only the unprotonated Michaelis complex is catalytically competent. At pH 9.5, DV = 2.5 and D(V/Ktyr) = 1.5. However, at pH 6.4 the isotope effect on both parameters is equal to 4.1. From these data, the forward commitment factor (cf = 5.2) and catalytic ratio (cvf = 1.1) for tyrosine and S-methyl-L-cysteine (cf = 2.2, cvf = 24) are calculated. Also, the Michaelis complex partition ratio (cf/cvf) for substrate and products is calculated to be 4.7 for tyrosine and 0.1 for S-methyl-L-cysteine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207681 TI - Chemical modification of acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase. 2. Identification of a coenzyme A regulatory site by p-mercuribenzoate modification. AB - Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26, ACAT) is the major intracellular cholesterol-esterifying activity in vascular tissue and is potentially a key regulator of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis during atherogenesis. We have previously reported inhibition of microsomal ACAT by histidine and sulfhydryl-selective chemical modification reagents and present here a more detailed analysis of the effect of sulfhydryl modification on ACAT activity. This analysis indicated two effects of sulfhydryl modification on ACAT activity. Modification of aortic microsomes with relatively low concentrations of p-mercuribenzoate (PMB) (100-200 microM) identified an inhibitory coenzyme A binding site on ACAT which contains a modifiable sulfhydryl group. This site binds CoA tightly (Ki = 20 microM), and PMB modification prevented subsequent ACAT inhibition by CoA without itself inhibiting enzyme activity. At higher concentrations (1-2 mM), PMB inhibited ACAT activity, indicating the presence of a modifiable sulfhydryl group necessary for cholesterol esterification by ACAT. Modification of both sites by PMB was reversible by thiols, and protection against modification was afforded in both cases by oleoyl-CoA, indicating that these sites may also bind oleoyl-CoA. Thus, at least two sulfhydryl groups influence ACAT activity: one is necessary for cholesterol esterification by ACAT, and one is at or near an inhibitory CoA binding site, which may be occupied at intracellular concentrations of CoA. PMID- 3207680 TI - Chemical modification of acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase. 1. Identification of acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase subtypes by differential diethyl pyrocarbonate sensitivity. AB - Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26) (ACAT) catalyzes the intracellular synthesis of cholesteryl esters from cholesterol and fatty acyl-CoA at neutral pH. Despite the probable pathophysiologic role of ACAT in vascular cholesteryl ester accumulation during atherogenesis, its mechanism of action and its regulation remain to be elucidated because the enzyme polypeptide has never been identified or purified. Present chemical modification results identify two distinct tissue types of ACAT, based on marked differences in reactivity of an active-site histidine residue toward diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEP) and acetic anhydride. The apparent Ki of the DEP-sensitive ACAT subtype, typified by aortic ACAT, was 40 microM, but the apparent Ki of the DEP-resistant ACAT subtype, typified by liver ACAT, was 1500 microM, indicating a 38-fold difference in sensitivity to DEP. Apparent Ki's of aortic and liver ACAT for inhibition by acetic anhydride were also discordant (less than 500 microM and greater than 5 mM, respectively). On the basis of the reversibility of inhibition by hydroxylamine, a neutral pKa for maximal modification, and acetic anhydride protection against DEP inactivation, DEP and acetic anhydride appear to modify a common histidine residue. Oleoyl-CoA provided partial protection against inactivation by DEP and acetic anhydride, suggesting that the modified histidine is at or near the active site of ACAT. Systematic investigation of ACAT activity from 14 different organs confirmed the existence of 2 subtypes of ACAT on the basis of their different reactivities toward DEP and acetic anhydride.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207682 TI - Structure-activity relationship of synthetic branched-chain distearoylglycerol (distearin) as protein kinase C activators. AB - Several representative branched-chain analogues of distearin (DS) were synthesized and tested for their abilities to activate protein kinase C (PKC) and to compete for the binding of [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) to the enzyme. Substitutions of stearoyl moieties at sn-1 and sn-2 with 8-methylstearate decreased activities on these parameters, relative to those of the parental diacylglycerol DS, a weak PKC activator. Substitutions with 8-butyl, 4-butyl, or 8-phenyl derivatives, on the other hand, increased activities of the resulting analogues to levels comparable to those seen for diolein (DO), a diacylglycerol prototype shown to be a potent PKC activator. Kinetic analysis indicated that 8 methyldistearin (8-MeDS) acted by decreasing, whereas 8-butyldistearin (8-BuDS) and 8-phenyldistearin (8-PhDS) acted by increasing, the affinities of PKC for phosphatidylserine (PS, a phospholipid cofactor) and Ca2+ compared to the values seen in the absence or presence of DS. The stimulatory effect of 8-BuDS and 8 PhDS on PKC, as DO, was additive to that of 1,2-(8 butyl)distearoylphosphatidylcholine [1,2(8-Bu)DSPC] and, moreover, they abolished the marked inhibition of the enzyme activity caused by high concentrations of 1,2(8-Bu)DSPC. The present findings demonstrated a structure-activity relationship of the branched-chain DS analogues in the regulation of PKC, perhaps related to their abilities to specifically modify interactions of PKC with PS and/or Ca2+ critically involved in enzyme activation/inactivation. PMID- 3207683 TI - Optimization of efficiency in the glyoxalase pathway. AB - A quantitative kinetic model for the glutathione-dependent conversion of methylglyoxal to D-lactate in mammalian erythrocytes has been formulated, on the basis of the measured or calculated rate and equilibrium constants associated with (a) the hydration of methylglyoxal, (b) the specific base catalyzed formation of glutathione-(R,S)-methylglyoxal thiohemiacetals, (c) the glyoxalase I catalyzed conversion of the diastereotopic thiohemiacetals to (S)-D lactoylglutathione, and (d) the glyoxalase II catalyzed hydrolysis of (S)-D lactoylglutathione to form D-lactate and glutathione. The model exhibits the following properties under conditions where substrate concentrations are small in comparison to the Km values for the glyoxalase enzymes: The overall rate of conversion of methylglyoxal to D-lactate is primarily limited by the rate of formation of the diastereotopic thiohemiacetals. The hydration of methylglyoxal is kinetically unimportant, since the apparent rate constant for hydration is (approximately 500-10(3))-fold smaller than that for formation of the thiohemiacetals. The rate of conversion of methylglyoxal to (S)-D lactoylglutathione is near optimal, on the basis that the apparent rate constant for the glyoxalase I reaction (kcatEt/Km congruent to 4-20 s-1 for pig, rat, and human erythrocytes) is roughly equal to the apparent rate constant for decomposition of the thiohemiacetals to form glutathione and methylglyoxal [k(obsd) = 11 s-1, pH 7]. The capacity of glyoxalase I to use both diastereotopic thiohemiacetals, versus only one of the diastereomers, as substrates represents a 3- to 6-fold advantage in the steady-state rate of conversion of the diastereomers to (S)-D-lactoylglutathione.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207684 TI - Alterations of the glutamine residues of human apolipoprotein AI propeptide by in vitro mutagenesis. Characterization of the normal and mutant protein forms. AB - We have used site-directed mutagenesis to independently alter the Gln residues at positions -1 and -2 of the human apoAI propeptide to Arg residues. The normal and mutated genes were placed under the control of the mouse metallothionein 1 promoter in a bovine papilloma virus (BPV) vector which also carries a copy of the human metallothionein 1A gene. Following transfection of mouse C127 cells [corrected] with the vectors, cell clones resistant to CdCl2 were selected and analyzed for production of apoAI mRNAs and protein. The RNA blotting analysis showed that the steady-state apoAI mRNA levels of cell clones expressing either the normal or the mutant apoAI gene are 3-5-fold higher than that of the liver or HepG2 cells. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled apoAI showed that the apoAI-expressing clones secreted mainly the proapoAI form. Furthermore, both mutant proapoAI's differed by one positive charge from the normal apoAI. Secretion of apoAI into the culture medium follows apparent first-order kinetics and gives similar rate constants for the normal and mutant apoAI forms. Separation of secreted apoAI by density gradient ultracentrifugation in the presence of human plasma or HDL shows identical distribution of plasma and nascent (normal and mutant) apoAI. The findings indicate that in the cell system used the modification of either of the two glutamines of the apoAI prosegment does not affect the intracellular transport and secretion of apoAI, and its ability to associate with HDL. PMID- 3207686 TI - Rhodopsin-lumirhodopsin phototransition of bovine rhodopsin investigated by Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy. AB - The rhodopsin-lumirhodopsin transition has been investigated by Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy using isotope-labeled retinals. In the transition, two protonated carboxyl groups are involved. Another carbonyl band, located at 1725 cm-1 in rhodopsin, is shifted to 1731.5 cm-1 in lumirhodopsin. This line is tentatively assigned to a carbonyl stretching vibration of a peptide bond adjacent to the nitrogen of a proline residue. The C=N stretching vibration of rhodopsin could unequivocally be assigned to a band at 1659 cm-1. In contrast to rhodopsin and bathorhodopsin, the C=N stretching vibration of lumirhodopsin is at a low position, i.e., at 1635 cm-1, and exhibits only a downshift of 4 cm-1 upon deuteriation of the nitrogen. The C15-H rocking vibration of rhodopsin is assigned to the unusual high position of 1456 cm-1 and shifts into the normal region upon formation of lumirhodopsin. From these results, it is concluded that, whereas the environment of the Schiff base in rhodopsin, bathorhodopsin, and isorhodopsin is approximately the same, large changes occur with the formation of lumirhodopsin. From the assignment of the C10-C11 stretching vibration in bathorhodopsin and lumirhodopsin, a 10-s-cis geometry of lumirhodopsin can be excluded. PMID- 3207685 TI - The active site of hemerythrin as determined by X-ray absorption fine structure. AB - Extensive X-ray absorption fine structure measurements and analysis have been made on azidomet- and methemerythrin and on the native forms of oxy- and deoxyhemerythrin. Due to the availability of models that have been synthesized to mimic the active site of hemerythrin, it was possible to make a thorough assessment of the various errors in the structural parameters determined by the analysis. It is found that the largest source of error is the lack of complete transferability of amplitude and phase between the standards and hemerythrin. This is of particular importance in distinguishing the contributions of the second-shell low-Z atoms and, thus, has a substantial influence on the determination of the iron-iron distance. The internal consistencies of the various checks and a new formulation of error analysis for the structural parameters give us confidence in the structure determined for the active site. The main result is that as O2 is released from oxyhemerythrin, the mu-oxo bridge between the two iron atoms in the active site with an Fe-O distance of 1.8 A converts to a mu-hydroxo bridge in deoxyhemerythrin, expanding the Fe-O distance to 2.0 A. The Fe-Fe distance expands proportionally from 3.24 A in oxyhemerythrin to 3.57 A in deoxyhemerythrin so as to keep the Fe-O-Fe bridging angle approximately constant. These conclusions provide experimental support for the structures of oxy- and deoxyhemerythrin proposed previously on the basis of spectroscopic and preliminary X-ray crystallographic data. PMID- 3207687 TI - Irreversible degradation of histidine-96 of prothrombin fragment 1 during protein acetylation: another unusually reactive site in the kringle. AB - Acetylation of prothrombin fragment 1 in acetate-borate buffer at pH 8.5 resulted in the appearance of increased light absorbance at about 250 nm. Protease digestions resulted in isolation of a single peptide (residues 94-99) with intense absorbance at about 250 nm (estimated extinction coefficient of 5000 M-1 cm-1). Amino acid analysis showed the expected composition except for the absence of His-96. Instead, an unidentified amino acid which had a ninhydrin product with absorption properties similar to those of proline eluted near aspartate. When sequenced, this peptide (YP?KPE containing epsilon-amino-acetyllysine) lacked histidine at the third position but gave a high yield of a PTH derivative that eluted near PTH-Gly from the HPLC column. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the derivatized 94-99 peptide showed a mass that was 74 units higher than expected. The histidine degradation product was identified as a di-N-acetylated side chain with an opened imidazole ring and loss of C2 of the ring. While a similar degradation pattern has previously been reported during acylation of histidine, the high chemical reactivity exhibited by His-96 was unusual. For example, under conditions sufficient for quantitative derivatization of His-96, His-105 of fragment 1 was not derivatized to a detectable level. Furthermore, His 96 in fragment 1 was at least an order of magnitude more susceptible to degradation than His-96 in the isolated 94-99 peptide. His-96 is therefore one of several neighboring amino acids of the kringle portion of fragment 1 that displays highly unusual chemistry (see also Asn-101 [Welsch, D.J., & Nelsestuen, G. L. (1988) Biochemistry 27 4946-4952] and Lys-97 [Pollock, J.S., Zapata, G.A., Weber, D.J., Berkowitz, P., Deerfield, D.W., II, Olson, D.L., Koehler, K.A., Pedersen, L.G., & Hiskey, R.G. (1988) in Current Advances in Vitamin K Research (Suttie, J.W., Ed.) pp 325-334, Elsevier Science, New York]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207688 TI - Evidence that binding to the carboxyl-terminal heparin-binding domain (Hep II) dominates the interaction between plasma fibronectin and heparin. AB - We assessed the participation of the three known heparin-binding domains of PFn (Hep I, Hep II, Hep III) in their interaction with heparin by making a quantitative comparison of the fluid-phase heparin affinities of PFn and PFn fragments under physiologic pH and ionic strength conditions. Using a fluorescence polarization binding assay that employed a PFn affinity-purified fluorescein-labeled heparin preparation, we found that greater than 98% of the total PFn heparin-binding sites exhibit a Kd in the 118-217 nM range. We also identified a minor (less than 2%) class of binding sites exhibiting very high affinity (Kd approximately 1 nM) in PFn and the carboxyl-terminal 190/170 and 150/136 kDa PFn fragments. This latter activity probably reflects multivalent inter- or intramolecular heparin-binding activity. Amino-terminal PFn fragments containing Hep I (72 and 29 kDa) exhibited low affinity for heparin under physiologic buffer conditions (Kd approximately 30,000 mM). PFn fragments (190/170 and 150/136 kDa) containing both the carboxyl-terminal Hep II and central Hep III domains retained most of the heparin-binding activity of native PFn (Kd = 278-492 nM). The isolated Hep II domain (33-kDa fragment) exhibited appreciable, but somewhat lower (2-5-fold), heparin affinity compared to the 190/170-kDa PFn fragment. Heparin binding to the 100-kDa PFn fragment containing Hep III was barely detectable (Kd greater than 30,000 nM). From these observations, we conclude that PFn contains only one major functional heparin binding site per subunit, Hep II, that dominates the interaction between heparin and PFn. PMID- 3207689 TI - Structure and function of disk aggregates of the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus. AB - Experiments have been carried out on the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMVP) to test for the occurrence of the previously postulated RNA-induced direct switching, during in vitro assembly of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), of the subunit packing from the cylindrical bilayer disk to the virus helical arrangement. No evidence was found for such RNA-induced switching and no evidence for the direct participation of the bilayer disk in either the nucleation or elongation phases of the in vitro virus assembly. Instead, virus assembly proceeds by an initiation step involving the binding of the RNA to the previously characterized two-plus turn helical aggregate that is formed from small oligomers of subunits. However, a bilayer disk, which has been characterized in high ionic strength crystals, has been observed in low ionic strength virus assembly solutions only as a transient species upon depolymerization of dimers of bilayer disks formed in solution at high ionic strength, and not as an equilibrium species of TMVP. PMID- 3207690 TI - Properties of membrane-inserted protein kinase C. AB - Protein kinase C (PKC) interacted with phospholipid vesicles in a calcium dependent manner and produced two forms of membrane-associated PKC: a reversibly bound form and a membrane-inserted form. The two forms of PKC were isolated and compared with respect to enzyme stability, cofactor requirements, and phorbol ester binding ability. Membrane-inserted PKC was stable for several weeks in the presence of calcium chelators and could be rechromatographed on gel filtration columns in the presence of EGTA without dissociation of the enzyme from the membrane. The activity of membrane-inserted PKC was not significantly influenced by Ca2+, phospholipids, and/or PDBu. Partial dissociation of this PKC from phospholipid was achieved with Triton X-100, followed by dialysis to remove the detergent. The resulting free PKC appeared indistinguishable from original free PKC with respect to its cofactor requirements for activation (Ca2+, phospholipid, and phorbol esters), molecular weight, and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) binding. The binding of PDBu to free and membrane-inserted PKC was measured under equilibrium conditions using gel filtration techniques. At 2.0 nM PDBu, free PKC bound PDBu with nearly 1:1 stoichiometry in the presence of Ca2+ and phospholipid. No PDBu binding to the free enzyme was observed in the absence of Ca2+. In contrast, membrane-inserted PKC bound PDBu in the presence or the absence of Ca2+; calcium did enhance the affinity of this interaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207691 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of dopamine D1 receptors. AB - A high-affinity radioiodinated D1 receptor photoaffinity probe, (+/-)-7 [125I]iodo-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-(4-azidophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetra hyd ro- 1H-3 benzazepine ([125I]IMAB), has been synthesized and characterized. In the absence of light, [125I]IMAB bound in a saturable and reversible manner to sites in canine brain striatal membranes with high affinity (KD approximately equal to 220 pM). The binding of [125I]IMAB was stereoselectively and competitively inhibited by dopaminergic agonists and antagonists with an appropriate pharmacological specificity for D1 receptors. The ligand binding subunit of the dopamine D1 receptor was visualized by autoradiography following photoaffinity labeling with [125I]IMAB and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Upon photolysis, [125I]IMAB incorporated into a protein of apparent agents in a stereoselective manner with a potency order typical of dopamine D1 receptors. In addition, smaller subunits of apparent Mr 62,000 and 51,000 were also specifically labeled by [125I]IMAB in these species. Photoaffinity labeling in the absence or presence of multiple protease inhibitors did not alter the migration pattern of [125I]IMAB-labeled subunits upon denaturing electrophoresis in both the absence or presence of urea or thiol reducing/oxidizing reagents. [125I]IMAB should prove to be a useful tool for the subsequent molecular characterization of the D1 receptor from various sources and under differing pathophysiological states. PMID- 3207692 TI - Hemoglobin Brockton [beta 138 (H16) Ala----Pro]: an unstable variant near the C terminus of the beta-subunits with normal oxygen-binding properties. AB - Hemoglobin Brockton [beta 138 (H16) Ala----Pro] is an unstable variant associated with a mild anemia. It has the same electrophoretic mobility as and cannot be resolved from Hb A. Oxygen affinity measurements of blood and hemolysate do not indicate biphasic oxygen saturation, showing that the functional properties of the variant are very similar to those of Hb A. This implies that the introduction of proline into the H-helix at position 138 does not disrupt the critical inter- and intrasubunit hydrogen bonds and salt bridges at the beta carboxyl-terminal dipeptide, since these polar interactions are essential for the normal oxygen binding properties of hemoglobin. X-ray crystallographic data are consistent with these findings and show that the consequences of the beta 138 Ala----Pro substitution are almost entirely confined to the immediate vicinity of the mutation site. Instability probably results from the inability of a buried hydrogen bond to form between Pro 138 beta and Val 134 beta. PMID- 3207693 TI - The solution conformation of the antibacterial peptide cecropin A: a nuclear magnetic resonance and dynamical simulated annealing study. AB - The solution conformation of the antibacterial polypeptide cecropin A from the Cecropia moth is investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy under conditions where it adopts a fully ordered structure, as judged by previous circular dichroism studies [Steiner, H. (1982) FEBS Lett. 137, 283-287], namely, 15% (v/v) hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol. By use of a combination of two-dimensional NMR techniques the 1H NMR spectrum of cecropin A is completely assigned. A set of 243 approximate interproton distance restraints is derived from nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) measurements. These, together with 32 distance restraints for the 16 intrahelical hydrogen bonds identified on the basis of the pattern of short-range NOEs, form the basis of a three-dimensional structure determination by dynamical simulated annealing [Nilges, M., Clore, G.M., & Gronenborn, A.M. (1988) FEBS Lett. 229, 317-324]. The calculations are carried out starting from three initial structures, an alpha-helix, an extended beta strand, and a mixed alpha/beta structure. Seven independent structures are computed from each starting structure by using different random number seeds for the assignments of the initial velocities. All 21 calculated structures satisfy the experimental restraints, display very small deviations from idealized covalent geometry, and possess good nonbonded contacts. Analysis of the 21 converged structure indicates that there are two helical regions extending from residues 5 to 21 and from residues 24 to 37 which are very well defined in terms of both atomic root mean square differences and backbone torsion angles. For the two helical regions individually the average backbone rms difference between all pairs of structures is approximately 1 A. The long axes of the two helices lie in two planes, which are at an angle of 70-100 degrees to each other. The orientation of the helices within these planes, however, cannot be determined due to the paucity of NOEs between the two helices. PMID- 3207694 TI - Reaction of pyruvate kinase with the new nucleotide affinity labels 8-[(4-bromo 2,3-dioxobutyl)thio]adenosine 5'-diphosphate and 5'-triphosphate. AB - Two new reactive nucleotides have been synthesized and characterized: 8-[(4-bromo 2,3-dioxobutyl)thio]adenosine 5'-diphosphate and 5'-triphosphate (8-BDB-TADP and 8-BDB-TATP). ADP or ATP was converted to 8-thio-ADP (-ATP) via 8-bromo-ADP ( ATP), followed by condensation with 1,4-dibromobutanedione. Rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase is inactivated by both reagents in a biphasic manner with an initial rapid loss of 75% activity, followed by a slow total inactivation. The initial fast reaction with both compounds exhibits nonlinear dependence on reagent concentration, indicating formation of a reversible enzyme-reagent complex prior to covalent attachment. The presence of the gamma-phosphoryl group improves the performance of the affinity label: KI values for the fast phase are similar (about 100 microM), whereas kmax for 8-BDB-TATP is about three times greater than that of 8-BDB-TADP (0.286 min-1 vs 0.0835 min-1). After an 80-min incubation with 175 microM of either reagent, about 2 mol/mol of subunit is incorporated with 76% inactivation caused by 8-BDB-TADP and 97% inactivation by 8 BDB-TATP. Loss of activity is prevented by substrates, with the best protection afforded by a combination of ATP, Mn2+, K+, and phosphoenolpyruvate. Reaction of pyruvate kinase with either compound in the presence of protecting ligands leads to incorporation of about 1 mol of reagent/mol of subunit with only about 15% loss of activity. These results suggest that 8-BDB-TADP and 8-BDB-TATP react with two groups on the enzyme, one of which is at or near the active site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207695 TI - Recombinant rat liver guanidinoacetate methyltransferase: reactivity and function of sulfhydryl groups. AB - Rat liver guanidinoacetate methyltransferase, produced in Escherichia coli by recombinant DNA technique, possesses five cysteine residues per molecule. No disulfide bond is present. Analysis of the chymotryptic peptides derived from the iodo[14C]acetate-modified enzyme shows that Cys-90, Cys-15, Cys-219, and Cys-207 are alkylated by the reagent in order of decreasing reactivity. Incubation of the enzyme with excess 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) (DTNB) in the absence and presence of cystamine [2,2'-dithiobis(ethylamine)] causes the appearance of 4 and 5 mol of 2-nitro-5-mercaptobenzoate/mol of enzyme, respectively. Reaction of the methyltransferase with an equimolar amount of DTNB results in an almost quantitative disulfide cross-linking of Cys-15 and Cys-90 with loss of a large portion of the activity. The methyltransferase is completely inactivated by iodoacetate following nonlinear kinetics. Comparison of the extent of inactivation with that of modification of cysteine residues and the experiment with the enzyme whose Cys-15 and Cys-90 are cross-linked suggest that alkylation of Cys-15 and Cys-90 results in a partially active enzyme and that carboxymethylation of Cys-219 completely eliminates enzyme activity. The inactivation of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase by iodoacetate or DTNB is not protected by substrates. Furthermore, disulfide cross-linking of Cys-15 and Cys 90 or carboxymethylation of Cys-219 does not impair the enzyme's capacity to bind S-adenosylmethionine. Thus, these cysteine residues appear to occur outside the active-site region, but their integrity is crucial for the expression of enzyme activity. PMID- 3207696 TI - Conformational features of bovine heart mitochondrial transhydrogenase. AB - Both purified and functionally reconstituted bovine heart mitochondrial transhydrogenase were treated with various sulfhydryl modification reagents in the presence of substrates. In all cases, NAD+ and NADH had no effect on the rate of inactivation. NADP+ protected transhydrogenase from inactivation by 5,5' dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) in both systems, while NADPH slightly protected the reconstituted enzyme but stimulated inactivation in the purified enzyme. The rate of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) inactivation was enhanced by NADPH in both systems. The copper-(o-phenanthroline)2 complex [Cu(OP)2] inhibited the purified enzyme, and this inhibition was substantially prevented by NADP+. Transhydrogenase was shown to undergo conformational changes upon binding of NADP+ or NADPH. Sulfhydryl quantitation with DTNB indicated the presence of two sulfhydryl groups exposed to the external medium in the native conformation of the soluble purified enzyme or after reconstitution into phosphatidylcholine liposomes. In the presence of NADP+, one sulfhydryl group was quantitated in the nondenatured soluble enzyme, while none was found in the reconstituted enzyme, suggesting that the reactive sulfhydryl groups were less accessible in the NADP+ enzyme complex. In the presence of NADPH, however, four sulfhydryl groups were found to be exposed to DTNB in both the soluble and reconstituted enzymes. NEM selectively reacted with only one sulfhydryl group of the purified enzyme in the absence of substrates, but the presence of NADPH stimulated the NEM-dependent inactivation of the enzyme and resulted in the modification of three additional sulfhydryl groups. The sulfhydryl group not modified by NEM in the absence of substrates is not sterically hindered in the native enzyme as it can still be quantitated by DTNB or modified by iodoacetamide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207697 TI - Role of peptide conformation in the rate and mechanism of deamidation of asparaginyl residues. AB - The tetrapeptides Val-Asn-Gly-Ala and N-acetyl-Val-Asn-Gly-Ala undergo deamidation of the asparaginyl residue at pH 7.0 at similar rates. However, they form different products. The N-acetyl peptide gave a 3:1 ratio of N-acetyl-Val isoAsp-Gly-Ala and N-acetyl-Val-Asp-Gly-Ala, respectively. The nonacetylated peptide gave no detectable amounts of these products but rather gave a cyclic peptide formed from the nucleophilic displacement of the asparaginyl side chain amide by the amino terminus of valine. This compound was slowly inverted at carbon 2 of the asparaginyl residue. At pH values above 7.5, the nonacetylated peptide also underwent deamidation to form Val-isoAsp-Gly-Ala and Val-Asp-Gly-Ala in the 3:1 ratio. Proton NMR spectra of the acetylated and nonacetylated tetrapeptides show that below pH 7.5 they have very different preferred conformations, and it is these different conformations which result in the different mechanisms of deamidation. Above pH 9.0, both peptides have similar conformations and deamidate by the same mechanism to give equivalent products. Neither mechanism of deamidation was subject to general base catalysis by the buffer. These results suggest that deamidation rates of the asparaginyl-glycyl sequence in proteins will vary according to the conformation of the peptide backbone of each respective protein. The results also show that asparaginyl residues which are penultimate to the amino terminus can react to form an N terminal-blocked seven-membered ring. PMID- 3207698 TI - Acceleration of cleavage of the carbon-cobalt bond of sterically hindered alkylcobalamins by binding to apoprotein of diol dehydrase. AB - Cleavage of the C-Co bond of sterically hindered alkylcobalamins bearing neither an adenine moiety nor functional groups, such as isobutylcobalamin, neopentylcobalamin, and cyclohexylcobalamin, was markedly accelerated by their interaction with apoprotein of diol dehydrase, although these cobalamins do not function as coenzyme. Acceleration of the conversion of alkylcobalamins to enzyme bound hydroxocobalamin was stoichiometric and obeyed first-order reaction kinetics. These results, together with strong competitive inhibition by these alkylcobalamins with respect to adenosylcobalamin, indicate that acceleration of the C-Co bond cleavage by the apoenzyme is due to labilization of their C-Co bond by binding to the active site of the enzyme. This labilization is considered to be caused by a steric distortion of the corrin ring which is induced by specific tight interaction of the cobalamin moiety with apoprotein. The importance of such a labilizing effect for activation of the C-Co bond of adenosylcobalamin in enzymatic reactions is discussed. PMID- 3207699 TI - Kinetic properties of the binding of alpha-lytic protease to peptide boronic acids. AB - The kinetic parameters for peptide boronic acids in their interaction with alpha lytic protease were determined and found to be similar to those of other serine proteases [Kettner, C., & Shenvi, A. B. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 15106-15114]. alpha-Lytic protease hydrolyzes substrates with either alanine or valine in the P1 site and has a preference for substrate with a P1 alanine. The most effective inhibitors are tri- and tetrapeptide analogues that have a -boroVal-OH residue in the P1 site. At pH 7.5, MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-boroVal-OH has a Ki of 6.4 nM and Boc Ala-Pro-boroVal-OH has a Ki of 0.35 nM. Ac-boroVal-OH and Ac-Pro-boroVal-OH are 220,000- and 500-fold less effective, respectively, than the tetrapeptide analogue. The kinetic properties of the tri- and tetrapeptide analogues are consistent with the mechanism for slow-binding inhibition, E + I in equilibrium EI in equilibrium EI*, while the less effective inhibitors are simple competitive inhibitors. MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-boroAla-OH is a simple competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 67 nM at pH 7.5. Other peptide boronic acids, which are analogues of nonsubstrates, are less effective than substrate analogues but still are effective competitive inhibitors. For example, MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-boroPhe-OH has a Ki of 0.54 microM although substrates with a phenylalanine in the P1 position are not hydrolyzed. Binding for boronic acid analogues of both substrate and nonsubstrate analogues is pH dependent with higher affinity near pH 7.5. Similar binding properties have been observed for pancreatic elastase. Both enzymes have almost identical requirements for an extended peptide inhibitor sequence in order to exhibit highly effective binding and slow-binding characteristics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207701 TI - 4-alkyl radical extrusion in the cytochrome P-450-catalyzed oxidation of 4-alkyl 1,4-dihydropyridines. AB - Rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 oxidizes the 4-methyl, 4-ethyl (DDEP), and 4-isopropyl derivatives of 3,5-bis(carbethoxy)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine to mixtures of the corresponding 4-alkyl and 4-dealkyl pyridines. A fraction of the total microsomal enzyme is destroyed in the process. The 4-dealkyl to 4-alkyl pyridine metabolite ratio, the extent of cytochrome P-450 destruction, and the rate of spin-trapped radical accumulation are correlated in a linear inverse manner with the homolytic or heterolytic bond energies of the 4-alkyl groups of the 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. No isotope effects are observed on the pyridine metabolite ratio, the destruction of cytochrome P-450, or the formation of ethyl radicals when [4-2H]DDEP is used instead of DDEP. N-Methyl- and N-ethyl-DDEP undergo N-dealkylation rather than aromatization but N-phenyl-DDEP is oxidized to a mixture of the 4-ethyl and 4-deethyl N-phenylpyridinium metabolites. In contrast to the absence of an isotope effect in the oxidation of DDEP, the 4 deethyl to 4-ethyl N-phenylpyridinium metabolite ratio increases 6-fold when N phenyl[4-2H]DDEP is used. The results support the hypothesis that cytochrome P 450 catalyzes the oxidation of dihydropyridines to radical cations and show that the radical cations decay to nonradical products by multiple, substituent dependent, mechanisms. PMID- 3207700 TI - Nitrogen-15 NMR spectroscopy of the catalytic-triad histidine of a serine protease in peptide boronic acid inhibitor complexes. AB - 15N NMR spectroscopy was used to examine the active-site histidyl residue of alpha-lytic protease in peptide boronic acid inhibitor complexes. Two distinct types of complexes were observed: (1) Boronic acids that are analogues of substrates form complexes in which the active-site imidazole ring is protonated and both imidazole N-H protons are strongly hydrogen bonded. With the better inhibitors of the class this arrangement is stable over the pH range 4.0-10.5. The results are consistent with a putative tetrahedral intermediate like complex involving a negatively charged, tetrahedral boron atom covalently bonded to O gamma of the active-site serine. (2) Boronic acids that are not substrate analogues form complexes in which N epsilon 2 of the active-site histidine is covalently bonded to the boron atom of the inhibitor. The proton bound to N delta 1 of the histidine in these histidine-boronate adducts remains strongly hydrogen bonded, presumably to the active-site aspartate. Benzeneboronic acid, which falls in this category, forms an adduct with histidine. In both types of complexes the N-H protons of His-57 exchange unusually slowly as evidenced by the room temperature visibility of the low-field 1H resonances and the 15N-H spin couplings. These results, coupled with the kinetic data of the preceding paper [Kettner, C. A., Bone, R., Agard, D. A., & Bachovchin, W. W. (1988) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)], indicate that occupancy of the specificity subsites may be required to fully form the transition-state binding site. The significance of these findings for understanding inhibitor binding and the catalytic mechanism of serine proteases is discussed. PMID- 3207702 TI - Variation in hydration forces between neutral phospholipid bilayers: evidence for hydration attraction. AB - It is now generally recognized that hydration forces dominate close interactions of lipid hydrophilic surfaces. The commonality of their characteristics has been reasonably established. However, differences in measured net repulsion, particularly evident when phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers are compared, suggest there exists a variety of behavior wider than expected from earlier models of hydration and fluctuation repulsion balanced by van der Waals attraction. To find a basis for this diverse behavior, we have looked more closely at measured structural parameters, degrees of hydration, and interbilayer repulsive forces for the lamellar phases of the following lipids: 1 palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PE (POPE), egg PE, transphosphatidylated egg PE (egg PE-T), mono- and dimethylated egg PE-T (MMPE and DMPE), 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-PC (SOPC), and mixtures of POPE and SOPC. POPE and SOPC bilayers differ not only in their maximum degrees of hydration but also in the empirical hydration force coefficients and decay lengths that characterize their interaction. When mixed with POPE, SOPC effects sudden and disproportionate increases in hydration. POPE, egg PE, and egg PE-T differ in their degree of hydration, molecular area, and hydration repulsion. A single methylation of egg PE-T almost completely converts its hydration and bilayer repulsive properties to those of egg PC; little progression of hydration is seen with successive methylations. In order to reconcile these observations with the conventional scheme of balancing interbilayer hydration and fluctuation-enhanced repulsion with van der Waals attraction, it is necessary to relinquish the fundamental idea that the decay of hydration forces is a constant determined by the properties of the aqueous medium. Alternatively, one can retain that fundamental idea if one recognizes the possibility that polar group hydration has an attractive component to it. In the latter view, that attractive component originates from interbilayer hydrogen bonded water bridges between apposing bilayer surfaces, arising from correlation of zwitterionic or other complementary polar groups or from factors that affect polar group solubility. The same Marcelja and Radic formalism that accounts so well for the repulsive component also leads to an estimate of the attractive one. We suggest that the full range of degrees of hydration and of interbilayer spacings observed for different neutral bilayers results in part from variable contributions of the attractive and repulsive hydration components.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3207703 TI - Equilibrium and dynamic bilayer structural properties of unsaturated acyl chain phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-rhodopsin recombinant vesicles and rod outer segment disk membranes as determined from higher order analysis of fluorescence anisotropy decay. AB - Limited-frequency phase-modulation fluorometry of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and trimethylammonium-diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH) was used to characterize the equilibrium and dynamic lipid structural properties of (1) reconstituted egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC)-rhodopsin vesicles varying in rhodopsin content from 0 to approximately 1 mol %, (2) reconstituted PC-cholesterol-rhodopsin vesicles containing approximately 1 mol % rhodopsin and 0, approximately 15, or approximately 30 mol % cholesterol with egg PC, DOPC (di-18:1-PC), or PAPC (16:0,20:4-PC) as the phospholipid constituent, and (3) native bovine rod outer segment disk membranes. Experiments were conducted at 37, 25, 15, and 5 degrees C. Fluorescence lifetime analysis was performed by fitting the data to a constrained, discrete, biexponential model. Rotational depolarization properties were considered by a model requiring a single rotational diffusion coefficient and capable of producing orthogonal, bimodal orientational distributions for DPH and unimodal distributions for TMA-DPH [Straume, M., & Litman, B. J. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 5113-5120]. Unbleached rhodopsin reduced mean fluorophore lifetimes in proportion to the amount of protein present in PC vesicles as a result of probe-to-retinal energy transfer by (1) redistributing the relative lifetime contributions in favor of the short lifetime population and (2) reducing the lifetimes of each derived population. Lifetimes were increased by cholesterol and by reduction of the temperature, but the relative proportions of derived short- and long-lifetime populations were not affected. TMA-DPH lifetimes were more sensitive (in a relative manner) than were those of DPH. These observations are interpreted in terms of cholesterol and reduced temperature each inhibiting water penetrability into these bilayers, with a greater effect occurring in the headgroup and interfacial regions (probed by TMA-DPH) than in the hydrophobic bilayer interior (probed by DPH). Diunsaturated DOPC-rhodopsin recombinants were more resistant to temperature-dependent lifetime changes than were mixed-chain egg PC or PAPC vesicles. This suggests less favorable interaction of rhodopsin with diunsaturated PCs than with mixed-chain PCs. Lifetimes in disk membranes exhibited this same temperature dependence although DPH in disks had lifetimes longer than those seen in recombinant vesicles. TMA-DPH lifetimes in disks were more similar to those observed in cholesterol-containing recombinants. It would therefore appear that the large proportion of small, charged (at pH 7) phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine headgroups present in disks reduces water penetrability into the d PMID- 3207704 TI - Rotational dynamics of actin. AB - The rotational diffusion of actin was studied with the technique of time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy using actin labeled at Cys-374 with erythrosin iodoacetamide. Immediately after the polymerization of actin was initiated, the correlation time increased sharply, passing through a maximum at 5 min and then declined to low values. F-Actin at equilibrium showed no anisotropy decay. The results were interpreted as indicating the initial formation of short mobile filaments which became increasingly immobile as elongation proceeded, leaving a decay which was dominated by shorter filaments. Some of these short filaments could have arisen by fragmentation of longer filaments. Eventually, the shorter filaments themselves became immobilized by entanglement within the gel matrix. The infinite-time anisotropy increased during polymerization, reflecting a smaller range of angular motion of the probe brought about by restricted torsional motion on the submicrosecond time scale. The results were compared with the length distribution of actin filaments revealed by electron microscopy [Kawamura, M., & Maruyama, K. (1970) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 67, 437-457]. Polymerization in the presence of 1 microM cytochalasin B abolished the maximum in the correlation time profile and tended to prevent the immobilization of filaments by favoring shorter capped filaments which retained considerable rotational freedom. Addition of spectrin dimer to F-actin caused an increase in the time-invariant anisotropy. Subsequent additions of spectrin-binding proteins (erythrocyte bands 2.1 and 4.1) caused further increases in the anisotropy in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting additional restriction of submicrosecond torsional motions. The results suggest that actin filaments within nonmuscle cells are rotationally immobile particularly if they are cross-linked by actin-binding proteins. PMID- 3207705 TI - Time-resolved fluorescence investigation of membrane cholesterol heterogeneity and exchange. AB - The fluorescent sterol delta 5,7,9(11),22-ergostatetraen-3 beta-ol (dehydroergosterol) was investigated as a cholesterol analogue to examine sterol domains in and spontaneous exchange of sterol between 1-palmitoyl-2 oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) small unilamellar vesicles (SUV). Fluorescence lifetime, acrylamide quenching analyses, and intermembrane exchange kinetics were consistent with the presence of at least two sterol domains in POPC. Fluorescence lifetime was determined by phase and modulation fluorescence spectroscopy and analyzed by nonlinear least-squares as well as continuous distributional analyses. Both methods demonstrated that pure dehydroergosterol in POPC SUV had two lifetime components (C) and fractional intensities (F) near C1 = 0.851 ns (F1 0.96) and C2 = 2.668 ns (F2 0.004). In contrast to component C1, the center of lifetime distribution, fractional intensity, and peak width of dehydroergosterol lifetime component C2 was dependent on the polarity of the medium and vesicle curvature. The sterol domain corresponding to dehydroergosterol component C2 was preferentially quenched by acrylamide. Acrylamide quenching of dehydroergosterol fluorescence demonstrated that the two lifetime components of dehydroergosterol were not due to transbilayer sterol domains with different lifetimes. In a spontaneous exchange assay not requiring separation of donor and acceptor SUV, the lifetime component C2, but not C1, shifted to a shorter lifetime with altered distributional width. The kinetics of these lifetime and distributional width changes best fitted a two-exponential function, with a fast exchange rate constant K1 = 0.0325 min-1, t1/2 = 21.3 min, and a slow rate constant k2 = 0.00275 min-1, t1/2 = 261 min. The fast exchanging pool correlates with the longer lifetime component C2. These kinetics were confirmed both by dehydroergosterol exchange measured with fluorescence intensity and by [3H]cholesterol exchange. In summary, lifetime, distributional width, acrylamide quenching, and classical exchange assay data are consistent with the presence of at least two pools of sterol in POPC SUV. PMID- 3207706 TI - 31P and 2H NMR studies of structure and motion in bilayers of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. AB - The structural and motional properties of mixed bilayers of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) have been examined by using wide-line 31P, 14N, and 2H NMR. 2H and 14N NMR data showed that in mixed bilayers containing both PC and PE the conformations of the head-group moieties are essentially identical with those observed for bilayers containing a single phospholipid species. Equimolar amounts of cholesterol induce also only a small change in head group conformation. 31P T1 relaxation measurements (at 300 MHz) at various temperatures of bilayers containing phospholipids with a mixture of phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine head-groups and unsaturated fatty acid residues revealed in all cases a clearly defined minimum corresponding to the condition omega O tau C-1 approximately 1. For all phospholipid mixtures studied, the 31P T1 relaxation was homogeneous over the whole powder spectrum and could be fitted to a single-exponential decay. The 31P vs temperature profiles were analyzed by a simple correlation model following the analysis of Seelig et al. (1981) [Seelig, J., Tamm, L., Hymel, L., & Fleischer, S. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 3922-3932]. Rotational diffusion of the phosphate moiety in bilayers of 1 palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) was slower than that of 1,2 dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), and the activation energy was increased by a factor of 1.7 to 31.4 kJ mol-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207707 TI - pH-induced changes in G-actin conformation and metal affinity. AB - Metal-induced conformational changes in actin at 20 degrees C have been investigated as a function of pH using actin labeled at Cys-374 with N (iodoacetyl)-N'-(5-sulfo-1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine. At pH 8, the addition of a high Ca2+ concentration (2 mM) to G-actin gives an instantaneous fluorescence increase while the addition of a high Mg2+ concentration gives both an instantaneous and a slow fluorescence increase. The instantaneous increase is interpreted as divalent cation binding to low-affinity, relatively nonspecific sites, while the slow response is attributed to Mg2+ binding to specific sites of moderate affinity [Zimmerle, C.T., Patane, K., & Frieden, C. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 6545-6552]. The magnitudes of both the instantaneous and slow fluorescence increases associated with Mg2+ addition to G-actin are shown here to decrease as the pH is lowered while the fluorescence of labeled G-actin in the presence of low or moderate Ca2+ concentrations (less than 200 microM) increases. The pH dependent data suggest that protonation of a single class of residues with an approximate pK of 6.8 alters the immediate environment of the label differently depending upon the cation bound at the moderate-affinity site. The pH-dependent changes in the magnitude of the slow fluorescence response upon Mg2+ addition to Ca2+-actin are not associated with changes in the Mg2+ affinity at the moderate affinity site but result from protonation altering the fluorescence response to Mg2+ binding. Protonation of this same class of residues is proposed to induce an actin conformation similar to that induced by cation binding at the low-affinity sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207708 TI - Effect of pH on the mechanism of actin polymerization. AB - The effect of pH on the Mg2+-induced polymerization of rabbit skeletal muscle G actin at 20 degrees C was examined. Polymerization data were obtained at various initial concentrations of Mg2+, Ca2+, and G-actin between pH 6 and 7.5. The data were found to fit a kinetic mechanism for actin polymerization previously proposed at pH 8 in which Mg2+ binding at a moderate-affinity site on actin induces an isomerization of the protein enabling more favorable nucleation [Frieden, C. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2882-2886]. The data also suggest the formation of actin dimers induced by Mg2+ binding is over 2 orders of magnitude more favorable at pH 6 than at pH 8. Little effect on trimer formation is found over this pH range. In addition, the conformation induced by nonspecific binding of metal to low-affinity sites becomes more favorable as the pH is lowered. The critical concentration for filament formation is also decreased at lower pH. The kinetic data do not support fragmentation occurring under any of the conditions examined. Furthermore, as Mg2+ exchange for Ca2+ at a high-affinity site (Kd less than 10(-9) M) fails to alter significantly the polymerization kinetics, Ca2+ release from this site appears unnecessary for either the nucleation or the elongation of actin filaments. PMID- 3207709 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of the thioesterase domain of chicken liver fatty acid synthase. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of thioesterase domain of chicken liver fatty acid synthase has been determined by sequencing peptides produced by trypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and cyanogen bromide cleavage. The thioesterase domain consists of 300 amino acid residues. All of the tryptic peptides of the thioesterase domain were isolated and sequenced, except the segment covered from position 109 to position 124. Peptides resulting from digestion by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and cyanogen bromide cleavage filled the missing part and overlapped the complete sequence of the entire thioesterase domain. The NH2 terminus of the thioesterase domain was determined to be lysine by sequencing the whole domain up to 20 residues while the COOH terminus was identified as serine through carboxyl peptidase Y cleavage. The active site of the thioesterase domain of chicken fatty acid synthase was suggested to be the serine on position 101 according to its homology with other serine-type esterases and proteases which have a common structure of -Gly-X-Ser-Y Gly- with the variable amino acids X and Y disrupting the homology. PMID- 3207710 TI - Characterization of a genomic and cDNA clone coding for the thioesterase domain and 3' noncoding region of the chicken liver fatty acid synthase gene. AB - The fatty acid synthase (FAS) of animal tissue is a dimer of two identical subunits, each with a Mr of 260,000. The subunit is a single multifunctional protein having seven catalytic activities and a site for binding of the prosthetic group 4'-phosphopantetheine. The mRNA coding for the subunit has an estimated size of 10-16 kb, which is about twice the number of nucleotides needed to code for the estimated 2300 amino acids. We have isolated a positive clone, lambda CFAS, containing FAS gene sequences by screening a chicken genomic library with a segment of a 3' untranslated region of goose fatty acid synthase cDNA clone, pGFAS3, as a hybridization probe. The DNA insert in lambda CFAS hybridizes with synthetic oligonucleotide probes prepared according to the known amino acid sequence of the thioesterase component of the chicken liver fatty acid synthase [Yang, C.-Y., Huang, W.-Y., Chirala, S., & Wakil, S.J. (1988) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. Further characterization of the DNA insert shows that the lambda CFAS clone contains about a 4.7-kbp segment from the 3' end of the chicken FAS gene that codes for a portion of the thioesterase domain. Complete sequence analyses of this segment including S1 nuclease mapping, showed that the lambda CFAS clone contains the entire 3' untranslated region of the chicken FAS gene and three exons that code for 162 amino acids of the thioesterase domain from the COOH-terminal end of the fatty acid synthase. Using the exon region of the genomic clone, we were able to isolate a cDNA clone that codes for the entire thioesterase domain of chicken liver fatty acid synthase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207711 TI - Stereoselectivity of the guanyl-exchangeable nucleotide-binding site of tubulin probed by guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiotriphosphate) diastereoisomers. AB - The active site of the exchangeable nucleotide-binding site of tubulin was studied by using diastereoisomers A (Sp) and B (Rp) of guanosine 5'-O-(2 thiotriphosphate) (GTP beta S) where the phosphorus atom to which sulfur is attached is chiral. Turbidimetric measurements were used to follow kinetics, and electron microscopy was used to evaluate polymeric forms. Both isomers at 0.5 mM promoted the assembly of tubulin in buffer containing 0.1 M 2-(N morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, 30% glycerol, 3 mM MgCl2, and 1 mM EGTA, pH 6.6, 23-37 degrees C. GTP beta S(A) promoted assembly into microtubules, although a few bundles were also found by electron microscopy. However, GTP beta S(B) induced assembly of tubulin into bundles of sheets and microtubules. As expected, 0.5 mM GTP induced tubulin to assemble into microtubules, thin sheets, and a few bundles. Both GTP and GTP beta S(A) were hydrolyzed in the tubulin polymers. However, more than 95% of the bound GTP beta S(B) was not hydrolyzed. Higher concentrations of GTP beta S(B), i.e., 1 mM, also induced bundles of sheets and microtubules, with 86% of the thionucleotide bound as the triphosphate. The GTP beta S(B)-induced polymers were considerably more cold stable than the GTB beta S(A)-induced microtubules, which were more cold stable than GTP-induced polymers. Mg(II) (2-5 mM) had minimal effects on the structures induced by GTP beta S(A) or -(B) isomers in the tubulin assembly system. However, at 1 mM Mg(II), no assembly was found with GTP beta S(A) and tubulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207712 TI - 1H NMR studies of plastocyanin from Scenedesmus obliquus: complete sequence specific assignment, secondary structure analysis, and global fold. AB - Two-dimensional 1H NMR methods have been used to make sequence-specific resonance assignments for the 97 amino acid residues of the plastocyanin from the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Assignments were obtained for all backbone protons and the majority of the side-chain protons. Spin system identification relied heavily on the observation of relayed connectivities to the backbone amide proton. Sequence-specific assignments were made by using the sequential assignment procedure. During this process, an extra valine residue was identified that had not been detected in the original amino acid sequence. Elements of regular secondary structure were identified from characteristic NOE connectivities between backbone protons, 3JHN alpha coupling constant values, and the observation of slowly exchanging amide protons. The protein in solution contains eight beta-strands, one short segment of helix, five reverse turns, and five loops. The beta-strands may be arranged into two beta-sheets on the basis of extensive cross-strand NOE connectivities. The chain-folding topology determined from the NMR experiments is that of a Greek key beta-barrel and is similar to that observed for French bean plastocyanin in solution and poplar plastocyanin in the crystalline state. While the overall structures are similar, several differences in local structure between the S. obliquus and higher plant plastocyanins have been identified. PMID- 3207713 TI - Optically detected magnetic resonance study of tyrosine residues in point-mutated bacteriophage T4 lysozyme. AB - Two spectroscopically distinct types of tyrosine (Tyr) residues in triply point mutated bacteriophage T4 lysozyme, which contains no tryptophan (Trp), have been detected by optical detection of triplet-state magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. Their triplet states are characterized by similar E but different D values. The Tyr site which exhibits the lower D value and has the red-shifted phosphorescence origin is quenched by energy transfer to Trp and has D and E values comparable to previously studied Tyr residues. The blue-shifted Tyr site, which is not quenched by Trp, exhibits a larger D value that has been found previously. Calculation of energy-transfer efficiencies of Tyr-Trp pairs based on the crystal structure of the native enzyme provides a possible assignment of Tyr sites to the two different spectral types. PMID- 3207714 TI - Comparative triplet-state properties of the three tryptophan residues in bacteriophage T4 lysozyme and in the enzyme complex with methylmercury(II). AB - Triplet-state energies, zero-field splittings (ZFS), and total decay rate constants of the individual triplet-state sublevels of the tryptophan (Trp) residues located at positions 126, 138, and 158 in bacteriophage T4 lysozyme have been determined by using low-temperature phosphorescence and optical detection of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in zero applied magnetic field. An investigation of spectral and kinetic properties of individual Trp residues was facilitated by measurements on point-mutated proteins containing two Trp----Tyr substitutions. We find that the phosphorescence lifetime of the buried Trp-138 is considerably shorter than those of the solvent-exposed Trp residues. CH3HgII binding to cysteine residues in T4 lysozyme selectively perturbs the triplet state of Trp 158 by means of an external heavy-atom effect. In contrast with the previous observation of selective x-sublevel perturbation in the Trp-CH3Hg complex, the radiative character of the z sublevel (z is the out-of-plane axis) is selectively enhanced due to the heavy-atom perturbation of Trp-158. The observed pattern of radiative and total sublevel decay constants of the perturbed Trp is attributed to a special orientation of the Hg atom with respect to the indole plane. PMID- 3207716 TI - Characterization of the methotrexate transport pathway in murine L1210 leukemia cells: involvement of a membrane receptor and a cytosolic protein. AB - A radioiodinated photoaffinity analogue of methotrexate, N alpha-(4-amino-4-deoxy 10-methyl-pteroyl)-N epsilon-(4-azidosalicylyl)-L- lysine (APA-ASA-Lys), was recently used to identify the plasma membrane derived binding protein involved in the transport of this folate antagonist into murine L1210 cells [Price, E. M., & Freisheim, J. H. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 4757-4763]. The labeled protein has an apparent molecular weight of 46K-48K when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but no such labeling occurs in a methotrexate transport-defective cell line (L1210/R81). Labeling of the total cytosolic protein from disrupted cells, followed by electrophoresis and autoradiography, showed, among other proteins, a 21K band, corresponding to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), in both the parent and R81 cells and a 38K band only in the parent cells. However, when whole cells were UV irradiated at various times at 37 degrees C following addition of radiolabeled APA-ASA-Lys, the 38K protein and DHFR were the only cytosolic proteins labeled in the parent cells, while the intact R81 cells showed no labeled cytosolic protein, since the photoprobe is not transported. Further, when the parent cells were treated with a pulse of radiolabeled photoprobe, followed by UV irradiation at different times at 37 degrees C, the probe appeared sequentially on the 48K membrane protein and both the 38K cytosolic protein and dihydrofolate reductase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207715 TI - Sigmoidal relation between mitochondrial respiration and log ([ATP]/[ADP])out under conditions of extramitochondrial ATP utilization. Implications for the control and thermodynamics of oxidative phosphorylation. AB - Except for close to state 3, mitochondrial respiration has been observed to vary almost linearly with the extramitochondrial phosphorylation potential. For the understanding of the control, thermodynamics, and stoichiometries of oxidative phosphorylation, it is important if this linearity corresponds to an extension of a near-equilibrium flow-force relationship. Using three methods to determine the extramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio, we observed that at high ATP/ADP ratios the relationship between respiratory rate and log (ATP/ADP) deviated in a sigmoidal fashion from linearity, if the amount of hexokinase present was modulated. In a titration with uncoupler, the sigmoidicity at high ATP/ADP ratios was absent. This difference between the flow-force relationships of these two experiments suggests that the sigmoidicity in the former case reflects a nonproportional flow force relationship of the adenine nucleotide translocator. In the latter case, one measures the flow-force relationship of the redox-driven proton pumps alone, which turns out to be virtually linear. We determined the flow-force relation of the adenine nucleotide translocator for two ways of varying the force and confirmed the sigmoidicity in both cases. The implication is that the near linearity of the flow-force relationships at intermediary respiratory rates does not correspond to an Onsager-type (near equilibrium) linearity. We discuss that this phenomenon requires the application of nonclassical forms of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and may be responsible for some of the control over oxidative phosphorylation that is exerted by the cytosolic ATP consuming processes. PMID- 3207717 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of transfer of synthetic model apolipoproteins. AB - The effect of hydrophobicity on the rate and mechanism of transfer of a synthetic amphiphilic peptide between phosphatidylcholine single bilayer vesicles has been evaluated. These peptides, which had the sequence Cn-SSLKEYWSSLKESFS (where Cn represents a saturated acyl chain of n carbons that is attached to the amino terminus of the peptide and n = 8, 12, or 16), were distinguished by the length of the saturated acyl chain of n carbons that was covalently bonded to the amino terminus. The transfer of the peptides was monitored by following the rate of change of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence that followed mixing of donor vesicles, which contained peptide, phosphatidylcholine, and a fluorescence quencher, with acceptors composed only of phosphatidylcholine. The transfer rates were independent of the structure and concentration of the acceptor. The kinetics were biexponential with the contribution of the fast and slow components being nearly equal. The rates of both components decreased with increasing acyl chain length; the respective free energies of activation were linear with respect to the acyl chain length. These results showed that, unlike lipid transfer, peptide transfer is not always a simple unimolecular process. However, like lipid transfer, the transfer rates are a predictable function of hydrophobicity. It is proposed that the peptides exist as dimers on the phospholipid surface and that the two components of transfer are due to sequential transfer of each molecule in a dimer. PMID- 3207718 TI - 13C NMR of the bases of three DNA oligonucleotide duplexes: assignment methods and structural features. AB - Natural abundance 13C NMR spectra of three DNA oligomers have been obtained. Most of the base resonances are well resolved from one another. A combination of two independent methods was used in making assignments: a one-dimensional spectral comparison method and a two-dimensional proton-detected 1H-13C correlated experiment for the protonated carbons. There are large shielding changes (between 1.62 and -1.40 ppm) upon thermal dissociation of the duplex. The shapes of the chemical shift vs temperature curves are largely independent of sequence. The base carbon resonance frequencies are sensitive to hydrogen bonding, base stacking, sugar conformation, and changes in the glycosyl torsion angle. PMID- 3207719 TI - On the question of DNA bending: two-dimensional NMR studies on d(GTTTTAAAAC)2 in solution. AB - It is very well documented that the presence of an An.Tn tract causes intrinsic DNA bending. Hagerman demonstrated that the sequence in which the An.Tn tracts are joined plays a very crucial role in determining DNA bending. For example, Hagerman showed that the polymer with a repeat of d(GA4T4C)n greater than or equal to 10 is bent but the polymer with a repeat of d(GT4A4C)n greater than or equal to 10 is not bent [Hagerman, P. J. (1986) Nature (London) 326, 720-722]. Earlier we have shown that the decamer repeat d(GA4T4C)2 is itself bent with a finite structural discontinuity at the A----T sequence [Sarma, M. H., Gupta, G., & Sarma, R. H. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 3423-3432]. In the present article, we summarize our studies on the decamer repeat d(GT4A4C)2 structure in solution. By employment of 1D and 2D 1H NMR studies at 500 MHz a complete sequential assignment has been made for the exchangeable and nonexchangeable protons belonging to the ten nucleotides. NOESY data were collected for d(GT4A4C)2 at 17 degrees C in D2O for three mixing times, 150, 100, and 50 ms. A quantitative NOESY simulation technique was employed to arrive at a structural model of d(GT4A4C)2 in solution. Our detailed analyses revealed the following structural features: (i) The duplex adopts the gross morphology of a B-DNA. (ii) All the A.T pairs are propeller twisted (less than or equal to -15 degrees). (iii) Although both A and T nucleotides belong to the C2'-endo,anticonformational domain, there is a mild variation in the actual conformation of the A and T residues. (iv) Even though there is a subtle conformational difference in the A and T nucleotides, two structural frames of T4.A4 segments are joined at the T----A sequence in such a way that there is no finite discontinuity at the junction; i.e., two neighboring frames exactly coincide at the T----A junction. Thus, our studies on d(GA4T4C)2 (Sarma et al., 1988) and on d(GT4A4C)2 (this article) reveal the structural peculiarity of the An.Tn tract and the effect of A----T/T----A sequence in causing DNA bending. PMID- 3207720 TI - Interparticle interactions and structural changes of nucleosome core particles in low-salt solution. AB - The structural behavior of the nucleosome core particles in the range of solvent Na+ concentration from 10.45 to 0.45 mM has been studied by small-angle neutron and synchroton radiation X-ray scattering, sedimentation, atomic absorption spectroscopy, density measurements, and circular dichroism. With decreasing salt concentration, the appearance of a scattering peak that is assignable to interparticle interactions, an intraparticle structural transition, a decrease in the sedimentation velocity of the particle, and a release of bound Na+ ions from the particle are all observed concurrently when the ratio of solvent Na+ ions per particle is below approximately 1000. These observations are interpreted to indicate that a release of bound Na+ ions from the particle brings about structural rearrangements and weakens the electrostatic shielding of the particle, and this introduces long-range repulsive ordering of the particle in low-salt solution. Analyses of the scattering data indicate that the rearrangement within the core particle in low-salt solution is slight, changing the particle's shape slightly from cylindrical to a more spherical form by moving the center of the mass of the DNA somewhat inward with accompanying small decreases in the radii of gyration of both the DNA and the histones. PMID- 3207721 TI - 2D NMR investigation of the binding of the anticancer drug actinomycin D to duplexed dATGCGCAT: conformational features of the unique 2:1 adduct. AB - One- and two-dimensional NMR studies on the oligomer dA1T2G3C4G5C6A7T8, with and without actinomycin D (ActD), were conducted. Analysis of the NMR data, particularly 2D NOE intensities, revealed that the free oligonucleotide is a duplex in a standard right-handed B form. At the ratio of 1 ActD/duplex (R = 1), 1D NMR studies indicate that two 1:1 unsymmetric complexes form in unequal proportions with the phenoxazone ring intercalated at a GpC site, in agreement with previous studies [Scott, E.V., Jones, R.L., Banville, D.L., Zon, G., Marzilli, L.G., & Wilson, W.D. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 915-923]. The 2D COSY data also confirm this interpretation since eight cytosine H6 to H5 and two ActD H8 to H7 cross-peaks are observed. At R = 2, both COSY and NOESY spectra confirm the formation of a unique 2:1 species with C2 symmetry. The oligomer remains in a right-handed duplex but undergoes extreme conformational changes both at and adjacent to the binding site. The deoxyribose conformation of T2, C4, and C6 shifts from primarily C2'-endo in the free duplex to an increased amount of C3' endo in the 2:1 complex as revealed by the greater intensity of the base H6 to 3' NOE cross-peak relative to the intensity of the H6 to H2' NOE cross-peak. This conformational change widens the minor groove and should help alleviate the steric crowding of the ActD peptides. The orientation of the ActD molecules at R = 2 has the quinoid portion of the phenoxazone ring at the G3pC4 site and the benzenoid portion of the phenoxazone ring at the G5pC6 site on the basis of NOE cross-peaks from ActD H7 and H8 to G5H8 and C6H6. All base pairs retain Watson Crick type H-bonding, unlike echinomycin complexes [e.g., Gao, X., & Patel, D.J. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 1744-1751] where Hoogsteen base pairs have been observed. In contrast to previous studies on ActD, we were able to distinguish the two peptide chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3207722 TI - Equilibrium binding of benzo[a]pyrene tetrol to synthetic polynucleotides: sequence selectivity, thermodynamic properties, and ionic strength dependence. AB - We have investigated the equilibrium binding of racemic 7r,8t,9t,10c-tetrahydroxy 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene to the double-stranded, synthetic polynucleotides poly[d(A-T)], poly[d(G-C)], and poly[d(G-m5C)] at low binding ratios. Difference absorption spectroscopy shows a 10-nm red shift for binding to poly[d(A-T)] and an 11-nm red shift for binding to either poly[d(G-C)] or poly[d(G-m5C)]. The value of delta epsilon for binding is approximately the same for all three hydrocarbon-polynucleotide complexes. Binding of this neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivative to these polynucleotides is dependent upon ionic strength and temperature. Analysis of complex formation employing polyelectrolyte theory shows a greater release of counterions associated with binding to poly[d(A-T)] than with the other two polynucleotides (0.5 and ca. 0.36, respectively). Thus, sequence-selective binding of this hydrocarbon in DNA would be expected to change depending on salt concentration. The temperature dependence of binding was studied at 100 mM Na+ where the equilibrium binding constants for poly[d(A-T)] and poly[d(G-m5C)] are roughly equivalent and 6-fold greater than the binding affinity for poly[d(G-C)]. The binding to poly[d(A-T)] and poly[d(G-C)] is characterized by a delta H omicron = -7.0 kcal/mol, and the large difference in affinity constants arises from differences in negative entropic contributions. Formation of hydrocarbon-poly[d(G-m5C)] complexes is accompanied by a delta H = -9.1 kcal/mol. However, the affinity for poly[d-(G m5C)] is the same as that for poly[d(A-T)] due to the much more negative entropy associated with binding to poly[d(G-m5C)]. PMID- 3207723 TI - Interactions of proteins with ganglioside-enriched microdomains on the membrane: the lateral phase separation of molecular species of GD1a ganglioside, having homogeneous long-chain base composition, is recognized by Vibrio cholerae sialidase. AB - The thermotropic behavior (studied by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry) and susceptibility to Vibrio cholerae sialidase hydrolysis of large unilamellar vesicles of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine, containing native GD1a ganglioside or the molecular species of GD1a containing C18:1 or C20:1 long-chain base (C18:1 GD1a; C20:1 GD1a), were studied. Vesicles containing ganglioside (10% in molar terms) showed the presence in the heat capacity function of a second minor peak besides the phospholipid main transition peak. The presence of a second peak is much more evident with C20:1 GD1a than with C18:1 GD1a, the difference being potentiated by Ca2+ and indicating a different tendency of the CD1a molecular species to undergo lateral phase separation. The scans of vesicles containing native GD1a showed the features of those obtained with C18:1 GD1a and C20:1 GD1a, indicating that the main components of native GD1a, C18:1 GD1a and C20:1 GD1a, maintain their individual aggregative properties. V. cholerae sialidase affects vesicle-bound GD1a at a much higher rate (17-25-fold) than it does micellar GD1a, the activation by Ca2+ being 3- and 2-fold, respectively. The Vmax values were identical on C18:1 GD1a and C20:1 GD1a in micellar dispersions, whereas they were markedly higher (from 20 to 50%) on C18:1 GD1a than on C20:1 GD1a in vesicular dispersions. Exhaustive sialidase hydrolysis of vesicles carrying native GD1a produced C18:1 GM1 and C20:1 GM1 in the same proportion as the C18:1 and C20:1 species present in native GD1a (53.9% and 46.1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207725 TI - Structurally distinct plasma membrane regions give rise to extracellular membrane vesicles in normal and transformed lymphocytes. AB - Shedding of extracellular membranes from the cell surface may be one of the means through which cells communicate with one another. In an attempt to elucidate whether cell surface exfoliation is a directed or random process, we investigated the membrane lipid and protein composition and membrane lipid order of shed extracellular membranes and of plasma membranes from which they arose in normal circulating lymphocytes and in the B-lymphoblastoid cell lines Raji, WI HF2 729 and the T-lymphoblastoid cell line Jurkat. Extracellular membranes derived from transformed cell lines were more rigid as assessed by steady state polarization of 1,6-diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and were highly enriched in cholesterol when compared with the corresponding plasma membrane. The extracellular membranes from normal lymphocytes, on the other hand, were more fluid and contained more polyunsaturated acyl chains than did the plasma membranes from these cells. Our results suggest that extracellular membranes are shed from specialized regions of the lymphocyte plasma membrane and that membrane exfoliation is likely to be a directed event. PMID- 3207724 TI - Transmembrane ferricyanide reductase activity in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - A transmembrane ferricyanide reductase activity was assayed in intact Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Kinetic measurements gave a Km of 0.14 mM and a Vmax of 0.31 mumol/min per 10(6) cells. In short-term batch experiments, this activity was enhanced in the presence of 10 mM lactate, a source of cytosolic NADH. The transmembrane redox activity was accompanied by alkalinization of the cytosol. Both ferricyanide reduction and proton extrusion were diminished in the presence of 0.2 mM amiloride. Several cytotoxic drugs significantly inhibited the ferricyanide reductase activity at concentrations at which they show antineoplastic activity. PMID- 3207726 TI - Tissue distribution, purification and characterization of rat phosphatidylinositol transfer protein. AB - Phosphatidylinositol transfer activity is measured in cytosol fractions prepared from 13 rat tissues; specific activity is highest in brain and lowest in adipose and skeletal muscle. Based upon electrophoretic analysis phosphatidylinositol transfer protein is purified to homogeneity from whole rat brain. The protein has a molecular weight of 36,000 and exists as a mixture of species having isoelectric points of 4.9 and 5.3. In a vesicle-vesicle assay system, the intermembrane transfer rate is greatest for phosphatidylinositol and less by a factor of 2 for phosphatidylcholine; transfer of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine or sphingomyelin is not observed. Using a polyclonal rabbit antibody against bovine phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, immunologic cross reactivity is noted between the rat protein and other mammalian phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins. A strong correlation is established between a tissue's capacity for phosphatidylinositol transfer and the amount of immunoreactive transfer protein seen in that tissue. Purified phosphatidylinositol transfer protein is capable of transporting newly synthesized phosphatidylinositol molecules from rat brain microsomes to small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. The results are discussed within the context of cellular phosphoinositide metabolism and the maintenance of the metabolically responsive pool of phosphatidylinositol in the plasma membrane. PMID- 3207727 TI - Membrane potential in liposomes measured by the transmembrane distribution of 86Rb+, tetraphenylphosphonium or triphenylmethylphosphonium: effect of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer. AB - Valinomycin-induced potassium diffusion potential (delta psi, inside negative) in the liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine and various amounts of cholesterol was measured by uptake of 86Rb+, tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) or triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP+). In any liposome, the values of membrane potential obtained by 86Rb+ uptake (delta psi Rb) agreed well with those calculated from the imposed potassium concentration gradient using the Nernst equation, and were not affected by the presence of cholesterol. However, both delta psi TPP and delta psi TPMP showed smaller values than delta psi Rb when the cholesterol content in liposomes increased. delta psi TPMP at a stationary state was much smaller than delta psi TPP. The orientational order parameter of the lipids' bilayer with various cholesterol content was estimated from fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. The results indicated that the permeation of TPP+ or TPMP+ into liposomes containing a large amount of cholesterol is strongly restricted by the high ordering of phosphatidylcholine acyl chains. PMID- 3207728 TI - First direct observation of the water exchange across the membrane of a single cell green alga on a cellular level. AB - The isotopic water exchange across the membrane of a single-cell alga is made visible by optical differences of H2O and 2H2O. In the near infrared (NIR) (1000 to 2500 nm) H2O shows pronounced absorption bands while 2H2O is almost transparent. Results from in vivo experiments on the diffusive water permeation across the membrane of the spherical freshwater alga Eremosphaera viridis are presented. The evaluation of the isotope-exchange kinetics allows the calculation of the permeability coefficient, Pd, and the approximation of the intracellular diffusion constant, D. The extension of H2O/2H2O-exchange measurements to two dimensions opens new ways to study transport pathways up to the spatial resolution of a microscope. First NIR video images demonstrate the capability of the method. PMID- 3207729 TI - Eutectic phase behavior of 1-stearoyl-2-caprylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine mixtures. AB - The thermotropic behavior of aqueous dispersions of C(18):C(10)PC/diC(14)PC mixtures with different molar ratios has been investigated by high-resolution differential scanning calorimetry. C(18):C(10)PC is a highly asymmetric lipid molecule, whereas diC(14)PC is a symmetric species with the same molecular weight. Their packing properties in the bilayer are known to be similar at T greater than Tm, but very dissimilar at T less than Tm. Calorimetric results indicate that C(18):C(10)PC and diC(14)PC are completely miscible in the liquid crystalline state. In the gel state, however, C(18):C(10)PC and diC(14)PC are only partially miscible. The temperature-composition phase diagram for C(18):C(10)PC/diC(14)PC mixtures has the shape characteristic of a typical eutectic system. PMID- 3207730 TI - The anion-transport inhibitor H2DIDS cross-links hemoglobin interdimerically and enhances oxygen unloading. AB - Human hemoglobin treated with equal concentrations of the anion-transport inhibitor H2DIDS produces a right shift in the oxygen dissociation curve. concomitantly, the Hill coefficient is reduced from n = 2.7 to 2.1. When higher concentrations of H2DIDS are applied (H2DIDS: hemoglobin = 5:0.5 mM), the Hill coefficient decreases further to 1.5 and the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin is shifted slightly to the left of the control. Similar results were also obtained with DIDS instead of H2DIDS. SDS-PAGE shows that H2DIDS cross-links hemoglobin monomers mainly into dimers. Cross-linking is more effective under anaerobic conditions. With tritiated H2DIDS the larger part of the radioactivity is found in the dimer position of hemoglobin. Separation of the alpha and beta units of hemoglobin reacted with tritiated H2DIDS demonstrated a stoichiometry of 2.2 and 2.4 molecules H2DIDS per molecule alpha and beta unit hemoglobin, leading to about 8-9 H2DIDS molecules per native hemoglobin. The right shift produced in the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve and the cross-linking of monomers into dimers, especially under anaerobic condition, suggest that H2DIDS can also react with those amino groups of hemoglobin which are involved in 2,3-DPG binding. A comparison of H2DIDS, DIDS and 2,3-DPG at three different concentrations close to the hemoglobin concentration revealed a concentration dependent right shift in the oxygen dissociation curve with the order of potency 2,3-DPG greater than H2DIDS greater than DIDS. The Hill coefficients (n) at the three concentrations of 2,3-DPG demonstrated no changes, but H2DIDS and DIDS reduced in a concentration-dependent manner the cooperativity of hemoglobin. Again, H2DIDS is more potent than DIDS, especially at the low concentration. These anion-transport inhibitors provide novel approaches to the exploration of hemoglobin function. PMID- 3207731 TI - Effect of amiloride on cell volume regulation in renal straight proximal tubules. AB - Amiloride has been shown to impair cell volume regulatory decrease in amphiuma red cells. The present study has been performed to test for the influence of amiloride on volume regulatory decrease and electrical properties in isolated perfused mouse straight proximal tubules. Replacement of 40 mmol/l NaCl with 80 mmol/l mannitol in bath perfusate does not appreciably affect the cell volume or the potential difference across the basolateral cell membrane. Reduction of osmolarity by omission of mannitol leads to cell swelling by 16.7 +/- 0.7% (n = 7), followed by volume regulatory decrease to 107.2 +/- 1.2% (n = 7) of original cell volume within 2 min. 1 mmol/l amiloride (but not 0.1 mmol/l amiloride) in the bath depolarizes the basolateral cell membrane from -63 +/- 1 mV (n = 24) by +16 +/- 1 mV (n = 16), decreases the apparent potassium transference number from 0.69 +/- 0.02 (n = 5) to 0.36 +/- 0.05 (n = 5), and significantly impairs volume regulatory decrease without appreciably modifying cell volume in isotonic solutions. 1 mmol/l amiloride in the luminal perfusate leads to a slight hyperpolarization of the basolateral cell membrane but does not interfere with volume regulatory decrease. Reduction of bath osmolarity depolarizes the basolateral cell membrane within 30 s by +7.8 +/- 0.8 mV (n = 18) in the absence and by +18 +/- 2 mV (n = 8) in the presence of amiloride. In the presence of reduced bath osmolarity and amiloride the potassium transference number amounts to 0.36 +/- 0.04 (n = 8). The hyperpolarization following luminal application of amiloride is most likely due to inhibition of luminal sodium channels, whereas bath amiloride depolarizes the basolateral cell membrane by reduction of basolateral potassium selectivity. As in amphiuma red cells amiloride impairs volume regulatory decrease in proximal straight renal tubules. PMID- 3207732 TI - Specific intracellular hyaluronic acid binding to isolated rat hepatocytes is membrane-associated. AB - Intact isolated rat hepatocytes show a small amount of specific 125I-labeled hyaluronic acid (HA) binding. However, in the presence of digitonin, a very large increase in the specific binding of 125I-HA is observed. Chondroitin sulfate, heparin and dextran sulfate were as effective as unlabeled HA in competing for 125I-HA binding to permeabilized hepatocytes, indicating that the binding sites may have a general specificity for glycosaminoglycans. After rat hepatocytes had been homogenized in a hypotonic buffer, more than 98% of the 125I-HA binding activity could be pelleted by centrifugation at 100,000 x g for 1 h. Mild alkaline treatment of hepatocyte membranes did not release 125I-HA binding activity, suggesting that the HA binding site is an integral membrane molecule. Furthermore, trypsin treatment of deoxycholate-extracted membranes destroyed the binding activity, as assessed by a dot-blot assay. This suggests that a protein component in the membrane is necessary for 125I-HA binding activity. Rat fibrinogen could be a possible candidate for the HA binding activity because HA binds specifically to human fibrinogen (LeBoeuf et al. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12 586). Also, fibrinogen can be found in a quasi-crystalline form in rat hepatocytes and could be pelleted with the membranes. Rat fibrinogen was not responsible for the 125I-HA binding activity, since (1) purified rat fibrinogen did not bind to 125I-HA, and (2) immunoprecipitation of rat fibrinogen from hepatocyte extracts did not decrease the 125I-HA binding of these extracts. We conclude that the internal HA binding sites are membrane- or cytoskeleton associated proteins and are neither cytosolic proteins nor fibrinogen. PMID- 3207733 TI - Photolabeling of erythrocyte and adipocyte hexose transporters using a benzophenone derivative of bis(D-mannose). AB - The benzophenone derivative of 1,3-bis(D-mannos-4-yloxy)-2-propylamine (BB-BMPA) has been tested as an exofacial photoaffinity label for the sugar transport systems of human erythrocytes and rat adipocytes. The half-maximal inhibition constants for the reagent are 971 microM in erythrocytes and 536 microM in basal and 254 microM in insulin-treated adipocytes. The photolabelling of erythrocyte membranes is very specific for the 50 kDa transporter peptide and is completely displaced by D-glucose. The exofacial photoaffinity labelling of adipocytes also shows labelling of a 50 kDa transporter peptide, which is displaced by cytochalasin B, but extensive nonspecific labelling of a 75 kDa plasma membrane peptide occurs. The transporter is labelled in insulin-treated cells but not in basal cells which indicates that this in situ labelling technique selectively reveals only those transporters that visit and are active in the plasma membrane during the labelling period. This also indicates that in basal cells transporters do not turn over rapidly. Subcellular redistribution of transporters after the labelling period has been studied. Following incubation and washing at 37 degrees C in the presence of insulin, 30% of the transporters photolabelled at the plasma membrane are internalised and are found in the light microsome fraction of the cell. The proportion of transporter that is observed to be internalised is much greater than can be accounted for by a contamination of the light microsome fraction by plasma membrane. The labelled 50 kDa transporter peptide in the light microsomes is enriched when compared with the carry-over of the 75 kDa nonspecifically labelled plasma membrane peptide. Thus we have obtained direct evidence for transporter translocation. PMID- 3207734 TI - Transbilayer effects of ethanol on fluidity of brain membrane leaflets. AB - Previous work on membrane effects of ethanol focused on fluidization of the bulk membrane lipid bilayer. That work was extended in the present study to an examination of ethanol's effect on lipid domains. Two independent methods were developed to examine the effects of ethanol on the inner and outer leaflets of synaptic plasma membranes (SPM). First, differential polarized phase and modulation fluorometry and selective quenching of diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were used to examine individual leaflets. Both limiting anisotropy and rotational relaxation time of DPH in SPM indicated that the outer leaflet was more fluid than the inner leaflet. Second, plasma membrane sidedness selective fluorescent DPH derivatives, cationic 1-[4-(trimethylammonio)phenyl]-6-phenylhexa-1,3,5 triene (TMA-DPH) and anionic 3-[p-6-phenyl)-1,3,5-hexatrienyl]phenylpropionic acid (PRO-DPH), confirmed this transmembrane fluidity difference. TMA-DPH and PRO DPH preferentially localized in the inner and outer leaflets of SPM, respectively. Ethanol in vitro had a greater fluidizing effect in the outer leaflet as compared to the inner leaflet. Thus, ethanol exhibits a specific rather than nonspecific fluidizing action within transbilayer SPM domains. This preferential fluidization of the SPM outer leaflet may have a role in ethanol affecting transmembrane signaling in the nervous system. PMID- 3207735 TI - Trehalose and dry dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine revisited. AB - Dry mixtures of sonicated vesicles of DPPC and trehalose which contained a maximum of 0.2 mol water/mol lipid were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Samples of dry DPPC and trehalose prepared from aqueous solution had a minimum Tm of 24 degrees C for the gel to liquid-crystalline transition provided that the vesicles were dried with trehalose while the lipid was in liquid-crystalline phase. This low transition is compared to a transition of 105 112 degrees C for dry pure DPPC and of 42 degrees C for hydrated pure DPPC. The present work is an extension of earlier work from this laboratory using both other lipids and other methods of preparation. PMID- 3207736 TI - Efflux and exchange of glycine by plasma membrane vesicles isolated from glioblastoma cells. AB - The efflux and exchange of glycine were studied in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from cultured glioblastoma cells. The mechanism of glycine translocation has been probed by comparing the ion dependence of net efflux to that of exchange. Dilution-induced efflux requires the simultaneous presence of internal sodium and chloride, while influx is dependent on the presence of these two ions on the outside (Zafra, F. and Gimenez, C. (1986) Brain Res. 397, 108-116). Glycine efflux from the membrane vesicles is stimulated by external glycine, this exchange being dependent on external sodium, but not on external chloride. The parallelism observed in influx and efflux processes suggests that glycine is translocated in both directions across the membrane, probably by interacting with the carrier. To account for all the observed effects of external ions, glycine concentrations and membrane potential on glycine influx and efflux, a kinetic model of the Na+/Cl-/glycine cotransport system is discussed. PMID- 3207737 TI - Potassium channels in synaptosomal membrane examined using patch-clamp techniques and reconstituted giant proteoliposomes. AB - Synaptosomes isolated from the rat cerebral cortex were mixed with sonicated phospholipid vesicles and subjected to freezing-thawing to acquire giant proteoliposomes. Membranes of these giant proteoliposomes could thus be studied using patch-clamp techniques. Single-channel currents were measured with the inside-out patch of the membrane, in KCl solutions. Three different potassium channels were detected and unit conductances were 15.1, 28.6 and 91.0 pS, respectively, in a symmetrical 150 mM KCl solution. All these channels are more permeable to potassium than to sodium ions, the permeability ratio being about 2:1. Tetraethylammonium ions blocked these channels. The gating of these potassium channels is independent of the membrane potential. Presumably, these channels play a role in the resting membrane potential of presynaptic nerve terminals. PMID- 3207738 TI - Depression of phase-transition temperature by anesthetics: nonzero solid membrane binding. AB - The anesthetic-induced depression of the main phase-transition temperature of phospholipid membranes is often analyzed according to the van't Hoff model on the freezing point depression. In this procedure, zero interaction between anesthetics and solid-gel membranes is assumed. Nevertheless, anesthetics bind to solid-gel membranes to a significant degree. It is necessary to analyze the difference in the anesthetic binding between the liquid-crystal and solid-gel membranes to probe the anesthetic action on the lipid membranes. This article describes a theory to estimate the anesthetic binding to each state at the phase transition temperature. The equations derived here reveal the relation between the partition coefficients of anesthetics and the anesthetic effects on the transition characters: the change in the transition temperature, and the broadening of transition. The theory revealed that the width of transition temperature is determined primarily by the membrane/buffer partition coefficients of anesthetics. Our previous data on the local anesthetic action on the transition temperature of the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicle membrane (Ueda, I., Tashiro, C. and Arakawa, K. (1977) Anesthesiology 46, 327-332) are analyzed by this method. The numerical values for the partition of local anesthetics into the liquid-crystal and solid-gel dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine vesicle membranes at the phase-transition temperature are: procaine 8.0 x 10(3) and 4.7 x 10(3), lidocaine, 3.7 x 10(3) and 2.3 x 10(3), bupivacaine 4.1 x 10(4), and 2.6 x 10(4), and tetracaine 7.3 x 10(4) and 4.7 x 10(4), respectively. PMID- 3207739 TI - A hydroxide ion carrier in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes: (C6F5)2Hg (dipentafluorophenylmercury). AB - Although a number of molecules are known to function as current-carrying proton carriers across lipid bilayer membranes, no such hydroxide ion carriers have been found to date. We report that (C6F5)2Hg, which can function as a chloride ion carrier, can also carry a hydroxide ion. In 100 mM Na2SO4 solutions, membranes treated with (C6F5)2Hg are almost ideally selective for H+/OH- between pH 6.0 and 9.5. Membrane conductance varies linearly with [OH-] over this pH range and with the square of the (C6F5)2Hg concentration. The presumed current-carrying species is the dimer [(C6F5)2Hg]2OH-, which, along with the neutral molecule (C6F5)2Hg, shuttles back and forth within the bilayer. In 0.2 M NaCl at pH 9.5, the OH- and Cl- conductances are approximately equal. Thus, the carrier displays an approximately 10(4)-fold preference for OH- over Cl-. PMID- 3207740 TI - Effect of stereoconfiguration on ripple phases (P beta') of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. AB - Mixtures of sn-1 (D) and sn-3 (L) enantiomers of fully hydrated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were studied with differential scanning calorimetry and freeze-fracture microscopy. The pretransition temperature of racemic mixtures of DPPC was 1.8 C degrees below that of either pure sn-1 or sn-3 enantiomers, which had similar pretransition temperatures. The main transition temperature of racemic mixtures was also depressed, but to a lesser extent, 0.8 C degrees. Freeze-fracture images of liposomes of sn-1, sn-3, and racemic mixtures of DPPC frozen from the P beta' phase showed well-defined ripples of wavelength 13 nm. Lipid stereoconfiguration had no effect on ripple wavelength, configuration or amplitude, or on the number and nature of surface defects. PMID- 3207741 TI - NMR study of the interaction of retinoids with phospholipid bilayers. AB - The interaction of three vitamin A derivatives or retinoids: all-trans-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid and retinol with multilamellar phospholipid bilayers was studied using a combination of 2H- and 31P-NMR measurements. The following model membrane systems were used: (1) dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers; (2) bilayers composed of a mixture of DPPC and bovine heart phosphatidylcholine (PC); (3) mixed PC/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) bilayers. Only a weak interaction was observed between 13-cis-retinoic acid and DPPC membranes. Addition of all-trans-retinoic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2 to the lipid causes a small decrease (5 C degrees) in the gel to liquid crystalline phase-transition temperature of DPPC, a small increase in the order parameters of the lipid side-chains of single component bilayers and no measurable effect in the other lipid systems studied. Considerably larger perturbation in the lipid bilayer structure is introduced by addition of retinol which, at a molar ratio of 1:2 to the lipid, lowered the gel to liquid crystalline phase-transition temperature of DPPC by 21 C degrees and caused a decrease of order parameters of the lipid side-chains in all three lipid bilayer systems. These effects are consistent with intercalation of retinol molecules into the bilayer interior. The results for the mixed PC/PE bilayers indicate that the presence of retinol caused lateral separation of PE- and retinol-enriched regions. PMID- 3207742 TI - Inhibition of cell proliferation with antibody-targeted liposomes containing methotrexate-gamma-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine. AB - We have prepared liposomes containing methotrexate-gamma dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (MTX-DMPE liposomes), to which protein A was covalently coupled, permitting specific association of these liposomes in vitro with murine cells preincubated with relevant protein A-binding monoclonal antibodies. In the absence of antibody the presence of externally-oriented methotrexate (MTX) in MTX-DMPE liposomes did not result in greater binding to cells than liposomes made without MTX-gamma-DMPE. Derivation of methotrexate with phospholipid permits enhanced drug-liposome association. These liposomes are more resistant than conventional liposomes to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. MTX-DMPE liposomes are comparable to antibody-targeted liposomes made with encapsulated water-soluble methotrexate both with respect to specific binding to target cells and drug effect. The inhibitory effects of MTX-liposomes, as well as free MTX, were reversible by either thiamin pyrophosphate (Tpp) or N5 formyltetrahydrofolate (F-THF), while the effects of MTX-DMPE liposomes were reversed only by N5-formyltetrahydrofolate. This suggests that the toxicity of non-targeted MTX-liposomes may be due to leakage of the encapsulated MTX. The absence of an effect of thiamin pyrophosphate on non-targeted MTX-DMPE liposomes indicates that they do not enter into the cell via the normal folate transport system. PMID- 3207743 TI - Effects of L-alanine on membrane potential, potassium (86Rb) permeability and cell volume in hepatocytes from Raja erinacea. AB - Isolated hepatocytes from the elasmobranch Raja erinacea were examined for their regulatory responses to a solute load following electrogenic uptake of L-alanine. The transmembrane potential (Vm) was measured with glass microelectrodes filled with 0.5 M KCl (75 to 208 M omega in elasmobranch Ringer's solution) and averaged -61 +/- 16 mV (S.D.; n = 68). L-Alanine decreased (depolarized) Vm by 7 +/- 3 and 18 +/- 2 mV at concentrations of 1 and 10 mM, respectively. Vm did not repolarize to control values during the 5-10 min impalements, unless the amino acid was washed away from the hepatocytes. The depolarizing effect of L-alanine was dependent on external Na+, and was specific for the L-isomer of alanine, as D- and beta-alanine had no effect. Hepatocyte Vm also depolarized on addition of KCN or ouabain, or when external K+ was increased. Rates of 86Rb+ uptake and efflux were measured to assess the effects of L-alanine on Na+/K+-ATPase activity and K+ permeability, respectively. Greater than 80% of the 86Rb+ uptake was inhibited by 2 mM ouabain, or by substitution of choline+ for Na+ in the incubation media. L Alanine (10 mM) increased 86Rb+ uptake by 18-49%, consistent with an increase in Na+/K+ pump activity, but had no effect on rubidium efflux. L-Alanine, at concentrations up to 20 mM, also had no measurable effect on cell volume as determined by 3H2O and [14C]inulin distribution. These results indicate that Na+ coupled uptake of L-alanine by skate hepatocytes is rheogenic, as previously observed in other cell systems. However, in contrast to mammalian hepatocytes, Vm does not repolarize for at least 10 min after the administration of L-alanine, and changes in cell volume and potassium permeability are also not observed. PMID- 3207744 TI - A fluorescent sterol probe study of cholesterol/phospholipid membranes. AB - The behavior of dehydroergosterol in L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) unsonicated multilamellar liposomes was characterized by absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence measurements. Dehydroergosterol exhibited a lowered absorption coefficient in multilamellar liposomes while the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of dehydroergosterol in these membranes decreased significantly with increasing dehydroergosterol concentration, suggesting membrane sterol-sterol interactions. The comparative steady-state anisotropy of 0.9 mole percent dehydroergosterol in multilamellar liposomes was lower than in small unilamellar vesicles suggesting different sterol environments for dehydroergosterol. Dehydroergosterol fluorescence lifetime was relatively independent of membrane sterol content and yielded similar values in sonicated and unsonicated model membranes. In multilamellar liposomes containing 5 mole percent cholesterol, the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition of DMPC detected by 0.9 mole percent dehydroergosterol was significantly broadened when compared to the phase transition detected by dehydroergosterol in the absence of membrane cholesterol (Smutzer, G. et al. (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 862, 361 371). In multilamellar liposomes containing 10 mole percent cholesterol, the major fluorescence lifetime of dehydroergosterol did not detect the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition of DMPC. Time-correlated fluorescence anisotropy decays of dehydroergosterol in DMPC multilamellar liposomes in the absence and presence of 5 mole percent cholesterol exhibited a single rotational correlation time near one nanosecond that was relatively independent of temperature and low concentrations of membrane cholesterol. The limiting anisotropy of 0.9 mole percent dehydroergosterol decreased above the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition in membranes without cholesterol and was not significantly affected by the phase transition in membranes containing 5 mole percent cholesterol. These results suggested hindered rotational diffusion of dehydroergosterol in multilamellar liposomes. Lifetime and time-correlated fluorescence measurements of 0.9 mole percent dehydroergosterol in multilamellar liposomes further suggested this fluorophore was detecting physical properties of the bulk membrane phospholipids in membranes devoid of cholesterol and was detecting sterol-rich regions in membranes of low sterol concentration. PMID- 3207745 TI - Membrane proteins are critical targets in free radical mediated cytolysis. AB - The hypothesis that proteins are critical targets in free radical mediated cytolysis was tested using U937 mononuclear phagocytes as targets and iron together with hydrogen peroxide to generate radicals. Those conditions which, after a lag of approx. 30 min, led to drastic lysis were also associated with very rapid membrane depolarisation. Conversely, when the early membrane depolarisation was prevented (by the addition of chelator and catalase), so was lysis. A similar correlation between early membrane depolarisation and subsequent lysis was also observed when the cells were exposed to a toxin from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Those conditions of radical attack which led to lysis normally caused substantial lipid peroxidation. However, depolarisation and subsequent lysis were not prevented even when lipid peroxidation was completely suppressed by exogenous antioxidant. ATP levels were not grossly affected within the critical first 30 min period. These data exclude lipids and ATP as the target for lytic damage. We argue therefore that proteins are probably amongst the primary targets in cytolysis by radicals. PMID- 3207747 TI - Mechanisms of interaction of amino acids with phospholipid bilayers during freezing. AB - In this study we compare the ability of various amino acids to protect small unilamellar vesicles against damage during freeze/thaw. Liposomes were composed of 75% palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine and 25% phosphatidylserine. Damage to liposomes frozen in liquid nitrogen and thawed at 20 degrees C was assessed by resonance energy transfer. Cryoprotection by numerous amino acids was compared in the presence and absence of 350 mM NaCl. The majority of amino acids with hydrocarbon side chains increased membrane damage during freeze/thaw regardless of the presence of salt. However, amino acids with hydrocarbon side chains of less than three carbons long, e.g. glycine, alanine, and 2-aminobutyric acid, were cryoprotective only in the presence of salt. We suggest that NaCl selectively increases the solubility of such amino acids, allowing them to act as cryoprotectants. In contrast, amino acids with side chains containing charged amine groups were cryoprotective regardless of the presence of salt. The degree of charge on the second amine group is shown to be important for cryoprotection by these molecules. We present evidence that suggests an interaction between the positively charged, second amine group of the amino acid, and the negatively charged phospholipid headgroup. PMID- 3207746 TI - Na+-Ca2+ exchange in squid optic nerve membrane vesicles is activated by internal calcium. AB - The role of intracellular Ca2+ as essential activator of the Na+-Ca2+ exchange carrier was explored in membrane vesicles containing 67% right-side-out and 10% inside-out vesicles, isolated from squid optic nerves. Vesicles containing 100 microM free calcium exhibited a 2-fold increase in the initial rate of Na+i dependent Ca2+ uptake as compared with vesicles where intravesicular calcium was chelated by 2 mM EGTA or 10 mM HEDTA. The activatory effect exerted by intravesicular Ca2+ on the reverse mode of Na+-Ca2+ exchange (i.e. Na+i-Ca2+o exchange) is saturated at about 100 microM Ca2+i and displays an apparent K 1/2 of 12 microM. Intravesicular Ca2+ produced activation of Na+i-Ca2+i exchange activity rather than an increase in Ca2+ uptake due to Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange. The presence of Ca2+i was essential for the Na+i-dependent Na+ influx, a partial reaction of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. In fact, the Na+ influx levels in vesicles loaded with 2 mM EGTA were close to those expected from diffusional leak while in vesicles containing Ca2+i an additional Na+-Na+ exchange was measured. The results suggest that in nerve membrane vesicles Ca2+ at the inner aspect of the membrane acts as an activator of the Na+-Ca2+ exchange system. PMID- 3207748 TI - The involvement of cytoskeletal proteins in the maintenance of phospholipid topology in renal brush-border membranes. AB - When incubated for 14 h at 37 degrees C in the absence of energy supply, brush border membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney cortex maintain, as judged by the use of sphingomyelinase and trinitrobenzene sulfonate as membrane probes, their highly asymmetrical phospholipid distribution. In particular, sphingomyelin still accounts for 75% of the phospholipids present on the outer membrane leaflet. Pretreatment of the vesicles with 5 mM diamide resulted in extensive crosslinking of membranous and cytoskeletal proteins. Although it had no immediate effect on the topology of phospholipids, this crosslinking resulted in a limited but significant increase in the amount of aminophospholipids present on the outer membrane leaflet after 14-h incubations. Degradation of aminophospholipids, upon incubation with hog pancreas and bee venom phospholipases A2, was also enhanced by diamide. However, this enhanced hydrolysis was observed immediately after the diamide treatment. A similar increase in degradation of aminophospholipids was obtained when vesicles were incubated with dihydrocytochalasin B. Our results strongly suggest that cytoskeletal proteins, via interactions with aminophospholipids, stabilize the lipid bilayer of the brush-border membrane. It is also suggested that, due to a low transbilayer migration rate, sphingomyelin may play an important role in the maintenance of the lipid asymmetry in these membranes. PMID- 3207749 TI - Membrane-buffer partition coefficients of tetracaine for liquid-crystal and solid gel membranes estimated by direct ultraviolet spectrophotometry. AB - The membrane-buffer partition coefficient of tetracaine was measured by direct ultraviolet spectrophotometry in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine unilamellar liposomes at temperatures above and below the main phase transition. The partition coefficients of uncharged tetracaine to solid-gel (18 degrees C) and liquid-crystal (30 degrees C) membranes were 6.9 x 10(4) and 1.2 x 10(5), respectively. Despite the general assumption that local anesthetic binding to the solid membrane is negligible, this study showed that the solid membrane binding amounts to 57.5% of the liquid membrane binding. Binding of the charged form to the liquid or solid membrane was not detectable under the present experimental condition of 0.03 mM tetracaine bulk concentration. The present method measures metachromasia of local anesthetics when bound to lipid membranes. Its advantage is that the separation of the vesicles from the solution is not required. A linearized equation is presented that estimates the partition coefficient or binding constant graphically from a linear plot of the absorbance data. The method is applicable for estimation of drug partition when a measurable spectral change occurs due to complex formation. PMID- 3207750 TI - Temperature dependence of anion transport in the human red blood cell. AB - Arrhenius plots of chloride and bromide transport yield two regions with different activation energies (Ea). Below 15 or 25 degrees C (for Cl- and Br-, respectively), Ea is about 32.5 kcal/mol; above these temperatures, about 22.5 kcal/mol (Brahm, J. (1977) J. Gen. Physiol. 70, 283-306). For the temperature dependence of SO4(2-) transport up to 37 degrees C, no such break could be observed. We were able to show that the temperature coefficient for the rate of SO4(2-) transport is higher than that for the rate of denaturation of the band 3 protein (as measured by NMR) or the destruction of the permeability barrier in the red cell membrane. It was possible, therefore, to extend the range of flux measurements up to 60 degrees C and to show that, even for the slowly permeating SO4(2-) in the Arrhenius plot, there appears a break, which is located somewhere between 30 and 37 degrees C and where Ea changes from 32.5 to 24.1 kcal/mol. At the break, the turnover number is approx. 6.9 ions/band 3 per s. Using 35Cl- -NMR (Falke, Pace and Chan (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 6472-6480), we also determined the temperature dependence of Cl- -binding. We found no significant change over the entire range from 0 to 57 degrees C, regardless of whether the measurements were performed in the absence or presence of competing SO4(2-). We conclude that the enthalpy changes associated with Cl- - or SO4(2-)-binding are negligible as compared to the Ea values observed. It was possible, therefore, to calculate the thermodynamic parameters defined by transition-state theory for the transition of the anion-loaded transport protein to the activated state for Cl-, Br- and SO4(2 ) below and above the temperatures at which the breaks in the Arrhenius plots are seen. We found in both regions a high positive activation entropy, resulting in a low free enthalpy of activation. Thus the internal energy required for carrying the complex between anion and transport protein over the rate-limiting energy barrier is largely compensated for by an increase of randomness in the protein and/or its aqueous environment. PMID- 3207751 TI - Characterisation of a Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter in alkylating agent-sensitive L1210 murine leukemia cells. AB - The mode of influx of 86Rb+, a K+ congener, to exponentially proliferating L1210 murine leukemia cells, incubated in a Krebs-Ringer buffer, has been characterised. The influx was composed of a ouabain-sensitive fraction (approx. 40%), a loop diuretic-sensitive fraction (approx. 40%) and a fraction which was insensitive to both types of inhibitor (approx. 15%). The fraction of ouabain insensitive 86Rb+ influx, which was fully inhibited by furosemide (1 mM) or bumetanide (100 microM), was completely inhibited when Cl- was completely substituted by nitrate or gluconate ions, but was slightly (29 +/- 12%) stimulated if the Cl- was substituted by Br-. The substitution of Na+ by Li+, choline or tetramethylammonium ions inhibited the loop diuretic-sensitive fraction of 86Rb+ uptake. These results suggested that a component of 86Rb+ influx to L1210 cells was mediated via a Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter. 86Rb+ efflux from L1210 cells which had been equilibrated with 86Rb+ and incubated in the presence or absence of 1 mM ouabain, was insensitive to the loop diuretics. Additionally, efflux rates were found to be independent of the external concentration of K+, suggesting that efflux was not mediated by K+-K+ exchange. The initial rate of 86Rb+ influx to L1210 cells in the plateau phase of growth was reduced to 44% of that of exponentially dividing cells, the reduction being accounted for by significant decreases in both ouabain- and loop diuretic sensitive influx; these cells were reduced in volume compared to cells in the exponential phase of cell growth. In cells which had been deprived of serum for 18 h, and which showed an increase of the proportion of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the addition of serum stimulated an immediate increase in the furosemide-sensitive component of 86Rb+ influx. Diuretic-sensitive 86Rb+ influx was not altered by the incubation of the cells with 100 microM dibutyryl cyclic AMP, but was inhibited by 10 microM of the cross-linking agent nitrogen mustard (bis(2-chloro-ethyl)methylamine, HN2). PMID- 3207752 TI - Selective inhibition by bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (nitrogen mustard) of the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter of murine L1210 leukemia cells. AB - Incubation of L1210 murine leukemia cells in vitro with 10 microM of the bifunctional alkylating agent bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (nitrogen mustard, HN2) for 10 min brought about a fall of more than 99.9% in their ability to form colonies when the cells were suspended in 0.5% nutrient agar. Incubation with HN2 also inhibited the influx of the potassium congener 86Rb+ to exponentially proliferating L1210 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This inhibition was specific and was accounted for by a reduction of a diuretic-sensitive component of 86Rb+ influx, identified in the preceding paper (Wilcock, C. and Hickman, J.A. (1988) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 946, 359-367) as being mediated by a Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter. Inhibition by 10 microM HN2 was complete after a 3-h incubation. There was no inhibition at this time of the ouabain-sensitive component of 86Rb+ influx, mediated by Na+/K+-ATPase. After 3 h of incubation with 10 microM HN2 there was also no change in the membrane potential of the treated cells as measured by the distribution of the [3H]TPMP+, no decrease in cellular ATP concentration and no change in intracellular pH, and the ability of the cells to exclude the vital dye Trypan blue was not significantly different from control values. These effects of HN2, therefore, appeared to follow lethal damage, but precede cell death. In the stationary phase of L1210 cell growth, the component of HN2 and diuretic-sensitive K+ influx to L1210 cells was reduced, whilst the component constituting the HN2-insensitive ouabain-sensitive sodium pump was increased. The monofunctional alkylating agent MeHN1 (2 chloroethyldimethylamine) which cannot cross-link cellular targets and has no antitumor activity, did not inhibit 86Rb+ influx to L1210 cells when incubated at equimolar or equitoxic concentrations to HN2. Intracellular potassium concentration was maintained close to control values of 138 +/- 10 mM in HN2 treated cells because of an approx. 35% fall in cell volume. The results suggest that the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter is a selectively inhibitable target for HN2, and the lesion is discussed with reference to the cytotoxic effects of this agent. PMID- 3207753 TI - Effect of dolichyl monophosphate on the permeability properties of lipid membranes. AB - The effect of dolichyl monophosphate on the permeability properties of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers to alkaline cations, Ca2+ and glucose has been determined by stop-flow spectrophotometry. The results show that, in contrast to free dolichol effects, the monophosphate derivative increased the permeability following a decreasing order of the permeating particle size. Phase diagrams indicate that dolichyl monophosphate is fully incorporated into the phosphatidylcholine bilayer around 0.75% weight/weight ratio. For these ratios, the permeation of ions is higher in the gel than in the liquid crystalline state. PMID- 3207754 TI - Cholesterol affects divalent cation-induced fusion and isothermal phase transitions of phospholipid membranes. AB - The influence of cholesterol on divalent cation-induced fusion and isothermal phase transitions of large unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylserine (PS) was investigated. Vesicle fusion was monitored by the terbium/dipicolinic acid assay for the intermixing of internal aqueous contents, in the temperature range 10-40 degrees C. The fusogenic activity of the cations decreases in the sequence Ca2+ greater than Ba2+ greater than Sr2+ much greater than Mg2+ for cholesterol concentrations in the range 20-40 mol%, and at all temperatures. Increasing the cholesterol concentration decreases the initial rate of fusion in the presence of Ca2+ and Ba2+ at 25 degrees C, reaching about 50% of the rate for pure PS at a mole fraction of 0.4. From 10 to 25 degrees C, Mg2+ is ineffective in causing fusion at all cholesterol concentrations. However, at 30 degrees C, Mg2+-induced fusion is observed with vesicles containing cholesterol. At 40 degrees C, Mg2+ induces slow fusion of pure PS vesicles, which is enhanced by the presence of cholesterol. Increasing the temperature also causes a monotonic increase in the rate of fusion induced by Ca2+, Ba2+ and Sr2+. The enhancement of the effect of cholesterol at high temperatures suggests that changes in hydrogen bonding and interbilayer hydration forces may be involved in the modulation of fusion by cholesterol. The phase behavior of PS/cholesterol membranes in the presence of Na+ and divalent cations was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The temperature of the gel-liquid crystalline transition (Tm) in Na+ is lowered as the cholesterol content is increased, and the endotherm is broadened. Addition of divalent cations shifts the Tm upward, with a sequence of effectiveness Ba2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Mg2+. The Tm of these complexes decreases as the cholesterol content is increased. Although the transition is not detectable for cholesterol concentrations of 40 and 50 mol% in the presence of Na+, Sr2+ or Mg2+, the addition of Ba2+ reveals endotherms with Tm progressively lower than that observed at 30 mol%. Although the presence of cholesterol appears to induce an isothermal gel-liquid crystalline transition by decreasing the Tm, this change in membrane fluidity does not enhance the rate of fusion, but rather decreases it. The effect of cholesterol on the fusion of PS/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) vesicles was investigated by utilizing a resonance energy transfer assay for lipid mixing. The initial rate of fusion of PS/PE and PS/PE/cholesterol vesicles is saturated at high Mg2+ concentrations. With Ca2+, saturation is not observed for cholesterol-containing vesicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3207755 TI - Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy of hydration of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine multibilayers. AB - The effect of hydration on the structure and molecular orientation of multibilayers of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), cast on a germanium plate, was studied by means of polarized Fourier transform infrared (FT IR)-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. Compared with the dry state, the antisymmetric and symmetric CH2 stretching bands of fully hydrated DMPC in the liquid-crystalline state were shifted to the higher frequency side, indicating the increase in the number of the gauche conformers. However, the dichroism of these bands revealed that the hydrocarbon chains of DMPC were still ordered and titled. The absorption bands of the glycerol ester, phosphoryl, and choline groups were broadened upon hydration, suggesting the activation of the librational or torsional motion. Furthermore, the dichroism of the polar head group bands of DMPC indicated that these groups retained a slight orientation even in the fully hydrated and fluid multibilayers. PMID- 3207756 TI - An ATP-dependent Na+/Mg2+ countertransport is the only mechanism for Mg extrusion in squid axons. AB - The components of magnesium efflux in squid axons have been studied under internal dialysis and voltage clamp conditions. The present report rules out the existence of an ATP-dependent, Nao- and Mgo-independent Mg2+ efflux (ATP dependent Mg2+ pump) leaving the Mg2+-Na+ exchange system as the only mechanism for Mg2+ extrusion. The main features of the Mg2+ efflux are: (1) The efflux is completely dependent on ATP. (2) The efflux can be activated either by external Na+ (forward Mg2+-Na+ exchange) or external Mg2+ (Mg2+-Mg2+ exchange). (3) The mobility of the Mg2+ exchanger in the Na+o-loaded form is greater than that in the Mg2+-loaded one. (4) In variance with the Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism, Mg2+ Mg2+ exchange is not activated by external monovalent cations. (5) ATP gamma S replaces ATP in activating Mg2+-Na+ exchange suggesting that a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation process regulates this transport mechanism. PMID- 3207757 TI - Elastic properties of the erythrocyte membrane and the critical cell volume of erythrocytes. AB - The results on elastic membrane area extension during hemolysis, reported by Richieri and Mel (Richieri, G.V. and Mel, H.C. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 813, 41-50), are discussed. Careful analysis of their data leads to the conclusion, that the differences in osmolarity, as found in the experiment, were insufficient to cause the reported values of elastic changes in erythrocyte volume (17-22%) and of membrane area extension (11-14%). The recalculated values of the elastic extensions of membrane area are not different from those measured by the micropipet method (i.e. 3-4%). PMID- 3207758 TI - Pre-steady-state uptake of D-glucose by the human erythrocyte is inconsistent with a circulating carrier mechanism. AB - Simulation shows that the four-state mobile carrier model for sugar transport in which the asymmetry arises from unequal rate constants of inward and outward translation of the free-carrier and carrier-sugar complex, does not fit with the observed data for pre-steady-state uptake recently obtained by A.G. Lowe and A.R. Walmsley [1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 903, 547-550). The main reason for this discrepancy is that pre-steady-state fluxes are determined mainly by the dissociation constants Ks of glucose and maltose for the external sites, rather than the Km (zero-transoi) of glucose and the Ki of maltose. The data are also inconsistent with other forms of asymmetric carrier but are fairly consistent with a symmetrical carrier with high-affinity sites for D-glucose or with a fixed site carrier model. PMID- 3207760 TI - Enzymology of DNA replication. Papers presented at the EMBO workshop. 18-23 September, 1988. Weggis, Switzerland. PMID- 3207759 TI - Prevention of calcium-induced membrane structural alterations in erythrocyte membranes by flunarizine. AB - The calcium antagonist flunarizine is shown to be able to prevent particle aggregation, membrane aggregation and blebbing resulting from elevated calcium concentrations. The anti-ischemic effects of flunarizine may therefore result in part from its ability to directly interfere with calcium-membrane interactions and thus prevent the lethal membrane reorganizations which occur after a period of ischemia during intracellular calcium overload. PMID- 3207761 TI - Replication of single-stranded porcine circovirus DNA by DNA polymerases alpha and delta. AB - Porcine circovirus is the only mammalian DNA virus so far known to contain a single-stranded circular genome (Tischer et al. (1982) Nature 295, 64-66). Replication of its small viral DNA (1.76 kb) appears to be dependent on cellular enzymes expressed during S-phase of the cell cycle (Tischer et al. (1987) Arch. Virol. 96, 39-57). In this paper we have exploited the porcine circovirus genome to probe for in vitro initiation and elongation of DNA replication by different preparations of calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha and delta as well as by a partially purified preparation from pig thymus. The results indicated that three different purification fractions of calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha and one from pig thymus initiate DNA synthesis at several sites on the porcine circovirus DNA. It appears that the sites at which DNA primase synthesizes primers are not entirely random. Subsequent DNA elongation by a highly purified DNA polymerase alpha holoenzyme which had been isolated by the criterion of replicating single stranded M13 DNA (Ottiger et al. (1987) Nucleic Acids Res. 15, 4789-4807) is very efficient. Complete conversion to the double-stranded form is obtained in less than 1 min. When the DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase alpha is blocked with the DNA polymerase alpha specific monoclonal antibody SJK 132-20 after initiation by DNA primase, DNA polymerase delta can efficiently replicate from the primers. This in vitro DNA replication system may be used in analogy to the bacteriophage systems in E. coli to study initiation and elongation of DNA replication. PMID- 3207762 TI - Purification methods for the sequence-specific DNA-binding protein nuclear factor I (NFI)--generation of protein sequence information. AB - The paper describes a potent purification method, preparative gel retention, for the purification of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. This procedure exploits the sequence-specific DNA-binding affinity of such proteins for their enrichment, comparable to recognition site DNA affinity chromatography. The method was employed to obtain a pure preparation of nuclear factor I (NFI) from porcine liver from which sequences of partial peptides could be obtained. Oligonucleotide probes derived from these amino-acid sequences were used to identify genomic and cDNA clones of NFI. PMID- 3207763 TI - Protein-primed replication of bacteriophage phi 29 DNA. AB - The replication of phi 29 DNA-protein p3 represents a simple model system to study the protein-priming mechanism of initiation of replication. The phi 29 DNA polymerase involved both in the initiation and elongation steps of phi 29 DNA protein p3 replication, is a very processive enzyme and it is able to produce strand-displacement in the absence of other proteins. To correlate functional and structural domains in the phi 29 DNA polymerase point mutants in the most carboxyl region of amino-acid homology with other DNA polymerases have been constructed. Most of the mutations had a decreased initiation and elongation activity, but normal 3'----5' exonuclease activity, suggesting that this region contributes to the active domain for initiation and elongation. Point and deletion mutants in the terminal protein have allowed the mapping of one DNA binding region and two DNA-polymerase-binding regions. The viral protein p6, which stimulates the initiation of replication, binds to a set of specific signals present at both phi 29 DNA ends. A good correlation of binding and stimulation of replication has been obtained by using fragments containing phi 29 DNA-terminal sequences and deletion mutants of protein p6. The viral protein p5 has been shown to bind to single-stranded DNA, to protect the latter against nuclease digetion, and to stimulate phi 29 DNA-protein p3 replication in vitro. PMID- 3207764 TI - Xenopus egg extracts: a model system for chromatin replication. AB - A cell-free system derived from Xenopus eggs enables in vitro reproduction of the steps occurring during eukaryotic DNA replication. With a circular single stranded DNA template, extracts obtained from high-speed centrifugation perform complementary DNA strand synthesis coupled to chromatin assembly. Nucleosomes are formed on the newly replicated DNA and the overall reaction mimics the events occurring during chromosomal replication on the lagging strand at the replication fork. ATP is necessary at all steps examined individually, including RNA priming, elongation of DNA strands and chromatin assembly. Although not required for nucleosome formation, ATP is involved in the correct spacing of nucleosomes and the stability of the assembled chromatin. Replication of double-stranded DNA was observed only with extracts obtained from low-speed centrifugation using demembraned sperm nuclei as substrate. Nuclei are reconstituted around the DNA and then undergo a series of events characteristic of a cell cycle. In contrast, neither DNA elongation or chromatin assembly require formation of the nucleus, and both are independent of the cell cycle. PMID- 3207766 TI - Bowel sound biofeedback as a treatment for irritable bowel syndrome. AB - Using an electronic stethoscope placed on subjects' abdomens, bowel sound biofeedback was administered to five subjects suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (functional diarrhea). They were instructed to alternately increase and decrease colonic sounds in an attempt to gain control over bowel activity. Using daily ratings of diarrhea as the primary dependent measure, three of five subjects reduced mean ratings enough at posttreatment to meet our 50% criterion for success (100%, 94%, and 54%). At 1-year follow-up, two of the three short term successes had maintained their level of improvement--each had ratings 75% below those of pretreatment. PMID- 3207767 TI - Biofeedback. PMID- 3207765 TI - Surface EMG recordings and pain-related disorders: a diagnostic framework. AB - Surface electromyography provides a very valuable set of information when used diagnostically with pain-related disorders. Unfortunately, most researchers and clinicians limit their investigation to only one level of diagnostic information available concerning the neuromuscular system. This article develops and encourages the clinician/researcher to consider three levels of diagnostic information: emotional, organ-related, and postural aspects. The theoretical background and diagnostic procedures used to investigate each is presented. Differential treatment considerations, given differential diagnostic findings, are discussed. PMID- 3207768 TI - Mass correlograms of multiple neuronal activity in the cat's extrastriate cortex. AB - Electrical activity of a population of visually responsive cells located in the vicinity of a single functionally defined neuron was recorded in the area 18 of the cat's cerebral cortex with a single tungsten microelectrode. The correlograms calculated from the mass activity record showed an existence of a rhythmic neuronal firing with an average interval near to 3 ms. When the system was activated by a visual stimulus, a line at an optimal angle moving in an optimal direction, the rhythmic activity became regular, acquiring an oscillatory sinusoidal character. This rhythmic pattern cannot be easily recognized when the activity of a single neuron is recorded. It is possible that such rhythmic activity involving large numbers of neurons contributes to the recognition of the velocity and position of the visual stimulus. PMID- 3207770 TI - Solid perception mechanism by a shading pattern: spatial frequency components in a corrugated wave pattern. AB - Illumination allows solid object perception to be obtained and depicted by a shading pattern produced by lighting. The shading cue, as one of solid perception cues (Gibson 1979), was investigated in regard to a white corrugated wave shape, using computer graphic device: Tospix-2. The reason the corrugated wave was chosen, is that an alternately bright and dark pattern, produced by shading, can be conveniently analyzed into contained spatial frequencies. This paper reports spatial frequency properties contained in the shading pattern. The shading patterns, input into the computer graphic device, are analyzed by Fourier Transformation by the same device. After the filtration by various spatial frequency low and high pass filters, Inverse Fourier Transformation is carried out for the residual components. The result of the analysis indicates that the third through higher harmonics components are important in regard to presenting a solid reality feeling in solid perception. Sakata (1983) also reported that an edged pattern, superimposed onto a lower sinusoidal pattern, was important in solid perception. The third through higher harmonics components express the changing position of luminance on the pattern, and a slanted plane relating to the light direction. Detection of a solid shape, constructed with flat planes, is assumed to be on the bottom of the perfect curved solid perception mechanism. Apparent evidence for this assumption, in difficult visual conditions, is that a flat paneled solid is seen before the curved solid. This mechanism is explained by two spatial frequency neural network systems, assumed as having correspondence with higher spatial frequency detection and lower spatial frequency detection. PMID- 3207769 TI - A unified framework for connectionist systems. AB - Pattern classification using connectionist (i.e., neural network) models is viewed within a statistical framework. A connectionist network's subjective beliefs about its statistical environment are derived. This belief structure is the network's "subjective" probability distribution. Stimulus classification is interpreted as computing the "most probable" response for a given stimulus with respect to the subjective probability distribution. Given the subjective probability distribution, learning algorithms can be analyzed and designed using maximum likelihood estimation techniques, and statistical tests can be developed to evaluate and compare network architectures. The framework is applicable to many connectionist networks including those of Hopfield (1982, 1984), Cohen and Grossberg (1983), Anderson et al. (1977), and Rumelhart et al. (1986b). PMID- 3207771 TI - Visual contrast detection by a single channel versus probability summation among channels. AB - It is now generally accepted that the human visual system consists of subsystems ("channels") that may be activated in parallel. According to some models of detection, detection is by probability summation among channels, while in other models it is assumed that detection is by a single channel that may even be tuned specifically to the stimulus pattern (detection by a matched filter). So far, arguments in particular for the hypothesis of probability summation are based on plausibility considerations and on demonstrations that the data from certain detection experiments are compatible with this hypothesis. In this paper it is shown that linear contrast interrelationship functions together with a property of a large class of distribution functions (strict log-concavity or log-convexity on the relevant set of contrasts/intensities) uniquely point to detection by a single channel. In particular, models of detection by probability summation based on Quick's Model are incompatible with linear contrast interrelationship functions. Sufficient (and observable) conditions for the strict log concavity/log-convexity of distribution functions are presented. PMID- 3207772 TI - Can quantum-bumps in photoreceptors be reconstructed from noise-data? AB - The method of reconstructing quantum bumps in photoreceptor cells from noise data by making use of shot noise theory is critically reviewed. The application of this method produces results irrespective of whether the conditions for reconstructing bumps by the method are satisfied or not and even irrespective of whether at high stimulus intensities quantum bumps exist or not. We argue that at high intensities the concept of quantum bumps indeed becomes physically meaningless and degenerates to a purely mathematical concept. In order to investigate the meaning of the results of the reconstruction method, we submit it to a test model for which bumps and single channel opening events can be evaluated analytically. By comparing the analytical results of the test model with that of the reconstruction method applied to the test model we find: (1) even at low intensities, the reconstructed bump values deviate from the analytical results by up to an order of magnitude due to the variability of the bumps, (2) at high intensities, the reconstruction method produces single channel opening events rather than anything like a quantum bump. We also find, however, that there is no continuous transition from a bump at low intensities to a single channel event at high intensities. PMID- 3207773 TI - Multinomial pulse-number distributions for neural spikes in primary auditory fibers: theory. AB - We previously reported experimental short- and long-counting-time pulse-number distributions (PND's) for the neural spike train in cat primary auditory nerve fibers. Data were obtained for spontaneous activity, pure-tone stimuli with a wide range of frequencies and intensity levels, and Gaussian noise. The irregular shapes of the PND's are an indication of the presence of spike clusters of various sizes in the neural impulse train. We develop a family of theoretical cluster counting distributions and examine their suitability for describing the experimental PND's. The reduced-quintinomial distribution provides theoretical results that describe the characteristics of the PND's quite well, accounting for the smooth or scalloped behavior of short-counting-time data, the jagged nature of long-counting-time data, and the Poisson-like character of very-short-counting time data. This family of distributions admits values for the spike-number mean to-variance ratio that are independent of stimulus level, in agreement with experimental observation. A number of procedures for fitting the theoretical distributions to the experimental PND's are studied. These include the use of a minimum mean-square error criterion, the factorial moments of the data, and the discrete Fourier transform of the PND. The first of these techniques appears to be the most useful. PMID- 3207774 TI - Modeling the process of problem-solving by associative networks capable of improving the performance. AB - In this paper a model of neural network underlying arithmetic problem-solving is described. Memory models of procedural memory, semantic memory, and working memory, which are necessary to represent the process of the problem-solving, are constructed within a framework of a model of associative processor, HASP, proposed by one of the authors (Hirai 1983). Performance of the model has been simulated on a digital computer. By memorizing primitive knowledge of addition of two digits such as 6 + 8 = 14 in the semantic memory and procedural knowledge for the control of the process of adding in the procedural memory, the model can perform addition of multiple numbers with multiple digits. By making explicit serial associations between consecutive procedural steps, the performance of the model can be improved, because a current procedural step primes the next one. In addition, if a preceding procedural step is a subset of the next one, merging between the two steps occurs. The performance can be improved about 20% by these priming and merging. By memorizing incorrect procedures, the model can generate four kinds of bugs of addition which were observed in children's performance. PMID- 3207775 TI - Empirical evaluation of two-sample statistical tests for differences of stepping phase during insect walking. AB - In order to determine which statistical tests can validly be applied to data that describe a temporal relationship between two or more repetitive movements by an animal, we evaluated empirically seven two-sample tests that seemed potentially useful: Student's t test, the Watson Williams test for means, the variance-ratio F test, the Watson Williams test for the concentration parameter k, the Wallraff test, the Mann Whitney test and the Watson U2 test. Evaluations were carried out on the timing (phases) of bursts of muscular activity in one leg relative to those in another during free walking in cockroaches. Each statistical test was evaluated by dividing randomly a single parent set of data into two subsets, each subset containing about half the original data set. This division was repeated 400 times, thus generating 400 different pairs of subsets. Each statistical test was used separately on the pairs of subsets to test the null hypothesis that the two samples of each pair came from the same population; this procedure generated 400 statistics for each test, one for each pair of subsets. An estimate of the reliability of each statistical test was obtained by comparing the number of times the test actually indicated a significant difference between subsets to the number of times it might be expected to do so out (20 out of 400 when tested at the 5% level of significance). This procedure was repeated on ten different sets of data. The outcome of the evaluation suggested that, from an empirical point of view, Student's t, the Mann Whitney, the Wallraff and the Watson U2 tests may be useful in assessing differences among the data we analyzed. The variance-ratio F test and the Watson Williams test for the concentration parameter k were clearly not usable. The Watson Williams test for means might be useful in some circumstances. Performing an arcsine transformation of the data did not significantly alter these results. Possible causes of the inapplicability of some of these tests to phase data are discussed. PMID- 3207776 TI - Individual differences and variability in the timing of motor activity during walking in insects. AB - The uniformity of the neural physiology of an animal population is a fundamental, rarely tested assumption in most neurophysiological work. In this study, the variability of the timing between the movements of pairs of legs during free walking in cockroaches was assessed. Phases (a measure of timing) of motor bursts in muscles of legs in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, were calculated for insects walking straight over a flat, level surface. Student's t, Wallraff, Mann Whitney and Watson U2 two-sample tests were used to compare the phases of motor bursts of the same pairs of legs in different insects. The comparisons showed that in spite of the homogeneity both of the animal population and of the conditions under which the insects walked, most of the inter-leg phases of the animals that were compared were significantly different statistically. Further testing of greater numbers of insects using analysis of variance to test for population uniformity confirmed that the insects we tested were not members of a single statistical population with respect to the timing of motor bursts of the legs during walking. We infer that this unexpectedly large variability in a population thought to be relatively homogeneous reflects subtle but biologically significant differences between animals. The possible sources of these differences and their consequences for the study of behavior and its physiological basis are discussed. PMID- 3207777 TI - Delayed-exponential approximation of a linear homogeneous diffusion model of neuron. AB - The diffusion models of neuronal activity are general yet conceptually simple and flexible enough to be useful in a variety of modeling problems. Unfortunately, even simple diffusion models lead to tedious numerical calculations. Consequently, the existing neural net models use characteristics of a single neuron taken from the "pre-diffusion" era of neural modeling. Simplistic elements of neural nets forbid to incorporate a single learning neuron structure into the net model. The above drawback cannot be overcome without the use of the adequate structure of the single neuron as an element of a net. A linear (not necessarily homogeneous) diffusion model of a single neuron is a good candidate for such a structure, it must, however, be simplified. In the paper the structure of the diffusion model of neuron is discussed and a linear homogeneous model with reflection is analyzed. For this model an approximation is presented, which is based on the approximation of the first passage time distribution of the Ornstein Uhlenbeck process by the delayed (shifted) exponential distribution. The resulting model has a simple structure and has a prospective application in neural modeling and in analysis of neural nets. PMID- 3207778 TI - Connection between internal representation of rigid transformation and cortical activity paths. AB - A canonical unitary representation of the Euclidean group on the range space of the Gabor transform is constructed from mathematical properties of the Euclidean group and the quaternions. The visual cortical activity pattern corresponding to a given retinal image is represented by a point in the range space of the Gabor transform. Paths experienced in apparent motion and mental rotation are represented by paths in the Euclidean group. The key hypothesis of the paper is that an action of the Euclidean group on the Gabor transform space brings the perceived paths into relation with corresponding successive neural microstructure activity patterns. Possible experimental tests are suggested. PMID- 3207779 TI - Vitamin D deficiency, pancreatic and small intestinal enzyme development in rats. AB - Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been shown to lead to reduced body weights in developing rat pups. To evaluate the effects of vitamin D deficiency alone both in dams and pups during the perinatal age on the ontogeny of gastrointestinal enzymes, female weanling rats (3 weeks of age) were divided into three groups. Groups I and II were fed a control (vitamin-D-replete) diet. Group II were fed a vitamin-D-deficient diet. Six weeks afterward they were mated with normal male rats while continuing on their respective diets until sacrifice. Only rats that delivered their pups on the same day from each group were brought into the study. Litter sizes of groups I and II were adjusted to 10, while group III was adjusted to 13 such that the rate of growth paralleled that of group II. At 19 days after birth, all dams and pups were sacrificed. There were no differences in the calcium and phosphorus contents in breast milk obtained from dams of each group. The serum calcium concentration of pups from group II (vitamin-D-deficient) was lower than the other groups. Body weights of pups from groups II and III were significantly lower than those of group I. The mucosal weight, total mucosal protein, mucosal DNA, sucrase, and maltase activities from groups II and III were similar, but lower than group I. Pancreatic weight, total pancreatic protein, DNA, amylase, and lipase activities from groups II and III were also similar, but lower than group I. Vitamin D deficiency was confirmed in both dams and pups from group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207780 TI - Effect of bupivacaine hydrochloride on bilirubin production in neonatal rats. AB - The rate of bilirubin production was studied in 12-hour-old rats exposed to bupivacaine HCl by subcutaneous injection. The bilirubin production was estimated by measuring the excretion rate of carbon monoxide (VeCO) using an open flow through system. No significant difference was found between the VeCO of bupivacaine HCl-treated and control animals, or between the levels of bilirubin in the pooled blood of treated (0.92 +/- 0.32 SE mg/dl) and control (1.0 +/- 0.28 SE mg/dl) animals. These negative findings support the clinical studies which have not demonstrated an association between epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine HCl and neonatal jaundice. PMID- 3207782 TI - Event related potential investigations of cognition. Fourth International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience. Dourdan, France, June 14-19, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3207781 TI - Vasoactive compound effects on autoregulating versus nonautoregulating intestinal and renal circulations in young swine. AB - Vascular resistance changes to single intra-arterial injections of norepinephrine, histamine and adenosine were examined in 12 kidney and 10 jejunum preparations perfused in situ in fasting swine anesthetized with pentobarbital. Threshold doses were higher and other response magnitudes were smaller in the nonautoregulating renal circulation of 1-week-olds and jejunal circulation of 2 week-olds than in autoregulating circulations of 1-month-olds. These results suggest a correlation between maturation of autoregulatory capability and of vasodilator histamine and adenosine receptors. PMID- 3207783 TI - Decomposing event-related potentials: a new topographic components model. AB - "Component" notions inherently used with measurement approaches, raw peak determination, PCA and generator approaches are discussed. By combining aspects of them all, a new model of ERP decomposition is established; quite profitable and surprising mathematical properties are illustrated and discussed. PMID- 3207784 TI - Latencies of event related potentials as a tool for studying motor processing organization. AB - The aim of this experiment was to better define the relative organization of motor processing using both behavioral measures and ERPs. Using the additive factors method, three motor variables; (1) stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility, (2) movement extent, and (3) time uncertainty, were all manipulated in a visuo bimanual, four-choice, pointing task. As expected, all three variables significantly lengthened RT without interaction. All three motor variables also affected ERP latencies. Both P300 and N200 latencies were lengthened by greater movement extent. Moreover, N200 and P300 latencies were differentially affected by S-R compatibility and time uncertainty. Finally, both RT-minus-N200 and RT minus-P300 were significantly lengthened by S-R incompatibility and greater time uncertainty whereas movement extent had no effect. In sum, ERP results did not support the assumptions of the classical serial model but rather of a contingent parallel model. Furthermore, the ERP data can be used to infer the relative order of the different stages in this model. PMID- 3207785 TI - Assessing the development of automatic processing: an application of dual-task and event-related brain potential methodologies. AB - Previous research has found that properties of automatic processing do not always co-occur, suggesting that the acquisition rates may differ. The present study investigated the acquisition rate of several of these properties by employing additive factors logic, dual task methodology, and event-related brain potentials. Seven subjects participated in a ten session experiment in which they performed two tasks, a visual/memory search task and a pursuit step tracking task, both together and separately. RT and P300 latency measures indicated that parallel processing of the display was achieved early in training in the consistent mapping condition. This processing was unaffected by dual task demands. An analysis of RT/P300 ratios suggests that another form of perceptual efficiency was achieved later in practice in both the varied and consistently mapped search tasks. This effect was larger in the consistent mapping condition. Reductions in the slope of the memory set function occurred significantly earlier for P300 latency than for RT, suggesting that the stimulus evaluation processes became automated more rapidly than the response selection components of memory search. Consistent with an analysis of the processing demands of the two tasks, the introduction of the tracking task and an increase in tracking difficulty produced equivalent interference during consistent and varied mapping conditions. Results are discussed in terms of models of skill, skill acquisition and component task automaticity. PMID- 3207786 TI - ERPs predictive of subsequent recall and recognition performance. AB - By exploiting measures of information processing complementary to those obtained from behavioral studies, electrophysiological studies of human memory may provide insights into the cognitive processes associated with encoding. In the present experiment, subjects viewed words under incidental learning conditions in which each word required a two-choice decision based on semantic criteria (interesting/uninteresting or edible/inedible). Memory for those words was subsequently assessed by a free recall test and then a recognition test. Event related brain potentials elicited in response to the original presentation of each word were found to differ as a function of later memory performance. Over the 400-800 ms latency range, responses to remembered words were positive relative to responses to forgotten words, especially for recall. These electrophysiological differences are interpreted as reflections of processes that correlated with encoding. PMID- 3207787 TI - Learning where to look: electrophysiological and behavioral indices of visual search in young and old subjects. AB - The present investigation explores the way young and elderly subjects use regularities in target location in a visual display to guide search for targets. Although both young and old subjects show efficient use of search strategies, slight but reliable differences in reaction times suggest decreased ability in the elderly to use complex cues. Event-related potentials were very different for the young and the old. In the young, P3 amplitudes were larger on trials where the rule that governed the location of the target became evident; this was interpreted as an effect of memory updating. Enhanced positive Slow Wave amplitude indicated uncertainty in random search conditions. Elderly subjects' P3 and SW, however, seemed unrelated to behavioral performance, and they showed a large negative Slow Wave at central and parietal sites to randomly located targets. The latter finding was tentatively interpreted as a sign of increased effort in the elderly to allocate attention in visual space. This pattern of behavioral and ERP results suggests that age-related differences in search tasks can be understood in terms of changes in the strategy of allocating visual attention. PMID- 3207788 TI - The late positive component of the ERP and adaptation-level theory. AB - Relationships between the P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) and processes of evaluation and categorization of events have been demonstrated in numerous investigations. On the other hand, these same processes have also been studied extensively by means of rating scale procedures within the framework of the psychological Adaptation-Level Theory. Recently, it has been suggested that the P300 amplitude reflects the distance between the adaptation level and the event that elicits the ERP. In this study we explored this suggestion by examining the effects of stimulus categorization on P300. Seven healthy adult subjects had to judge the length of five letter strings which were presented equiprobably in a randomized sequence. The ERPs (Fz, Cz, Pz derivations) elicited by string presentation were selectively averaged according to the five categories of string length. U-shaped trends of P300 amplitude changes were found. Minimum amplitudes were elicited by strings of medium length consistent with the inferred adaptation level. The data provide further evidence that P300 amplitude reflects the mental distance to adaptation level. PMID- 3207789 TI - Selective attention in the presence of music: an event-related potentials (ERP) study. AB - The present study was aimed at investigating selective attention in the presence of music as expressed by ERPs. The experiments were performed with 7 subjects. A two-channel auditory frequency discrimination task (target - 1000 Hz, standard - 1550 Hz tones) in a dichotic listening environment was employed. The EEG was recorded from Fz, Cz, Pz, C3 and C4. The EOG and performance data were also collected. A smaller and delayed N1 amplitude as well as changes in the two components of the processing negativity in the presence of music were found. N2 and P3 components only delay with music was observed. The changes in the level of performance were not significant. PMID- 3207790 TI - Developmental changes in ERPs to visual language stimuli. AB - ERPs to visual language stimuli were recorded in normal children (7-18 years) and adults from Fpz, Fz, Cz, Pz, Oz, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, T3, T4, T5 and T6. An oddball paradigm was employed with letter discrimination and lexical decision tasks. N2 and P3 latencies decreased significantly with age, N2 until adolescence, P3 until adulthood. The P3 amplitude increased until 11-12 years and then decreased until adulthood. In younger children there was a large frontal negativity and posterior positivity to targets. With increasing age there was a gradual increase in anterior positivity, concomitant with a decrease in posterior positivity. On the Pz and Cz coronal chains P3 was always largest at Pz while P3 was rarely largest at Cz. Asymmetric ERPs over the temporal lobes were recorded in the younger children. These data extend earlier studies by demonstrating variations in ERP scalp topography that occur with age. PMID- 3207791 TI - Intracortical auditory evoked potentials during classical aversive conditioning in cats. AB - Auditory evoked potentials (EPs) were recorded simultaneously from six different depths of the auditory cortex of freely moving cats. In a classical aversive learning paradigm the change of the pitch of regularly given acoustic stimuli served as warning signal. With conditioning the amplitude of a middle latency negative component increased and its latency decreased. Based on laminar analysis of EP profiles we propose that the observed EP changes were generated within the upper cortical layers and reflected a temporary aurousal reaction induced by the signal as a result of discrimination learning. For the description of this effect the term "learned aversive arousal" is suggested. PMID- 3207792 TI - The consequences of actin disruption at Sertoli ectoplasmic specialization sites facing spermatids after in vivo exposure of rat testis to cytochalasin D. AB - Cytochalasin D (CD) was used to perturb actin filaments of the Sertoli ectoplasmic specialization (ES)--a cytoskeletal complex of the Sertoli cell related to spermatids. CD (500 microM for 6 h) produced a loss of 88% of the ES facing the head region of early (Step 8) elongating spermatids as compared to vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide:saline) controls. Nitrobenzoxadiazole-phallacidin staining of F-actin revealed a CD-related loss of uniform fluorescence over the head of elongated spermatids. To examine for a possible relationship between the presence of actin and cell attachment at ES sites, hypertonic fixatives were introduced to provoke cell shrinkage and stress ES-associated junctions. After osmotic stress, cell-to-cell adhesion at ES sites remained intact in vehicle treated animals. CD treatment caused Sertoli cells to separate from elongating spermatids at sites where ES had been lost from the Sertoli cell surface. It is suggested that actin of the ES plays a role in cell-to-cell interaction analogous to its possible role at the Sertoli cell barrier. In CD-treated animals, structures resembling tubulobulbar complexes frequently developed at sites where ES was lost, suggesting that the loss of ES has a facilitatory role in tubulobulbar complex formation. It is hypothesized that tubulobulbar complexes are devices that rid the cells of ES-associated junctional links to effect dissociation of the spermatid from the Sertoli cell during spermiation. Spermatids at Step 8 of development are known to become oriented with their acrosomes facing the base of the Sertoli cell. After CD treatment, a 5.8-fold increase in malorientation of Step 8 spermatids was noted. A role for the ES cytoskeletal complex in orienting the spermatid acrosome toward the basal aspect of the Sertoli cell is also suggested. PMID- 3207793 TI - The effect of sulfhydryl oxidation on the morphology of immature hamster epididymal spermatozoa induced to acquire motility in vitro. AB - Immotile spermatozoa from the caput epididymidis become progressively motile when incubated in medium containing theophylline, seminal plasma, and albumin. We previously reported that under these incubation conditions the spermatozoa induced to acquire motility exhibited a marked flagellar angularity, with the sperm head or midpiece bent 90-180 degrees towards the tail. In addition, we demonstrated that sperm flagellar bending did not occur when the sulfhydryl oxidant diamide was added to the motility induction medium. In the present study, we examined further the effect of sulfhydryl oxidation on the morphology and sulfhydryl content of immature caput spermatozoa induced to acquire motility in vitro. We found that flagellar bending was prevented and sperm flagellar straightness was maintained in a dose-dependent manner by diamide. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis of caput sperm sulfhydryls using the sulfhydryl reagent monobromobimane (mBBr) revealed that 1) diamide oxidizes caput sperm sulfhydryls, and 2) less than 15% of the total reactive sperm sulfhydryls were oxidized at diamide concentrations capable of preventing sperm angulation. Sodium tetrathionate (NaTT), another sulfhydryl oxidant, and hamster cauda epididymal fluid (CEF) containing sulfhydryl oxidase enzyme activity also maintained flagellar straightness in induced caput spermatozoa and oxidized sperm sulfhydryls. The flagellar straightness in caput spermatozoa treated with sulfhydryl oxidants, however, was temporary; with extended incubation, diamide- or CEF-treated spermatozoa exhibited flagellar bending. Additional studies showed that the flagellar straightness observed in sulfhydryl-oxidized spermatozoa was sustained when nitrofurantoin, an inhibitor of glutathione reductase, was included in the induction medium. Flow cytometric analysis of nitrofurantoin treated spermatozoa showed that nitrofurantoin maintained the sperm disulfides formed by diamide and prevented the reduction of sperm disulfides back to sulfhydryls. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the significance of sulfhydryl oxidation in maintaining the morphology of immature caput epididymal spermatozoa induced to acquire motility in vitro and suggest that sulfhydryl oxidation may be important in the development of motility during sperm epididymal maturation in vivo. PMID- 3207794 TI - Interspecies differences in the stability of mammalian sperm nuclei assessed in vivo by sperm microinjection and in vitro by flow cytometry. AB - To assess the structural stability of mammalian sperm nuclei and make interspecies comparisons, we microinjected sperm nuclei from six different species into hamster oocytes and monitored the occurrence of sperm nuclear decondensation and male pronucleus formation. The time course of sperm decondensation varied considerably by species: human and mouse sperm nuclei decondensed within 15 to 30 min of injection, and chinchilla and hamster sperm nuclei did so within 45 to 60 min, but bull and rat sperm nuclei remained intact over this same period of time. Male pronuclei formed in oocytes injected with human, mouse, chinchilla, and hamster sperm nuclei, but rarely in oocytes injected with bull or rat sperm nuclei. However, when bull sperm nuclei were pretreated with dithiothreitol (DTT) in vitro to reduce protamine disulfide bonds prior to microinjection, they subsequently decondensed and formed pronuclei in the hamster ooplasm. Condensed rat spermatid nuclei, which lack disulfide bonds, behaved similarly. The same six species of sperm nuclei were induced to undergo decondensation in vitro by treatment with DTT and detergent, and the resulting changes in nuclear size were monitored by phase-contrast microscopy and flow cytometry. As occurred in the oocyte, human sperm nuclei decondensed the fastest in vitro, followed shortly by chinchilla, mouse, and hamster and, after a lag, by rat and bull sperm nuclei. Thus species differences in sperm nuclear stability exist and appear to be related to the extent and/or efficiency of disulfide bonding in the sperm nuclei, a feature that may, in turn, be determined by the type(s) of sperm nuclear protamine(s) present. PMID- 3207795 TI - Comparative analysis of proteins from the fibrous sheath and outer dense fibers of rat spermatozoa. AB - The protein composition of the fibrous sheath (FS) and the outer dense fibers (ODF), two cytoskeletal components of the tail of spermatozoa, was compared by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunochemistry applied to Western blots and to spermatozoa. Isolated FS and ODF, the purity of which were verified by electron microscopy (EM), were denatured and either run on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels or used to raise antibodies. The gels revealed at least 18 and 14 polypeptide bands for the FS and ODF, respectively. The major bands of the FS had molecular masses of 75, 27.5, and 14.4 kDa, whereas the major bands of the ODF-connecting piece had molecular masses of 32-26, 20, 14.4, 84, and 80 kDa. Several prominent FS and ODF bands were found to comigrate on gels, and the 14.4 kDa polypeptides had similar electrophoretic properties. Anti-FS serum reacted with the majority of Western blot-transferred FS polypeptides, but also cross-reacted strongly with a major 14.4 kDa ODF polypeptide and with less affinity to other major ODF polypeptides. Anti-ODF serum reacted with the majority of ODF polypeptides, but also cross-reacted strongly with a major 14.4 kDa FS polypeptide, and with less affinity to several other FS polypeptides including the 75 kDa band. Antibodies affinity-purified from the 14.4 kDa FS polypeptide only cross-reacted with the 14.4 kDa ODF polypeptide, whereas antibodies purified from the 14.4 kDa ODF polypeptide cross-reacted with 14.4, 27.5, 57, and 63 kDa FS polypeptides. The immunocross-reactions observed on Western blots were confirmed by immunocytochemical methods applied to spermatozoa. This study demonstrates that the FS and ODF, both composed of many polypeptides, several having similar molecular weights, are related cytoskeletal structures as they have epitopes in common, and both contain 14.4 kDa polypeptides with common antigenic and electrophoretic properties. PMID- 3207796 TI - Characterization of protein production by bovine chorionic and allantoic membranes. AB - Bovine allantoic (A) and chorionic (C) membranes from Days 29, 32, 36, and 40 of pregnancy were isolated by dissection and cultured in a modified minimum essential medium in the presence of L-[35S]methionine to characterize in vitro synthesis and release of proteins. Membranes were also cultured in the presence of the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin. Proteins synthesized and released into the medium were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography of dried gels. Stained gels were used to analyze protein from allantoic fluids. Percent incorporation of the radiolabeled amino acid into nondialyzable protein was higher for A than for C (A = 8.0 +/- 1.2 vs. C = 6.4 +/- 0.5 per 200 mg tissue) but not significantly different. C released significantly more total protein (nonradioactive) into the medium (57.0 +/- 3 vs. 9.6 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml). Of the 25 proteins analyzed, 19 appeared to be produced primarily by one membrane or the other. In general, C was the source of a number of basic-to-neutral glycosylated proteins and A was the source of a number of more acidic glycosylated proteins. Many but not all proteins synthesized by A were present in allantoic fluid. The present study is the first to characterize protein production by isolated chorionic and allantoic membranes and to demonstrate that both tissues contribute to the production of secretory conceptus proteins. PMID- 3207797 TI - Increase in testicular androgen receptor during sexual maturation in the rat. AB - Androgen receptor concentration was measured by exchange with 3H dimethylnortestosterone (DMNT) in cytosol and nuclear extracts from testes of rats 15-90 days of age. Dissociation kinetics verified the necessity of an extended incubation (86 h) for maximum exchange at 4 degrees C. Nuclear androgen receptor concentration per mg DNA decreased between 15 and 25 days of age, from 375 to 146 fmol per mg DNA, then increased to 584 fmol per mg DNA at 90 days. Testicular receptor content also increased between 25 and 90 days of age. Cytosol receptor concentration patterns were similar to nuclear androgen receptor patterns. The affinity of the receptor for the ligand did not change with age (mean Kd = 0.88 nM). No significant difference in androgen receptor concentration per cell was detected between cultured peritubular cells from animals 25 and 45 days of age. Androgen receptor concentrations in freshly isolated peritubular cells could not be determined. There also was no difference in receptor concentration per cell in a Leydig cell-enriched fraction from animals between 25 and 45 days of age. Although androgen receptor concentrations per Sertoli cell increased between 15 and 35 days of age, the increase in Leydig cell number over the same period probably accounted for approximately 75% of the increase in receptor per testis between 25 and 45 days of age. PMID- 3207798 TI - How does melatonin code for day length in the ewe: duration of nocturnal melatonin release or coincidence of melatonin with a light-entrained sensitive period? AB - The main objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that the phase of melatonin release with respect to the light-dark cycle mediates the effects of photoperiod on the reproductive response of the ewe. To test the phase hypothesis, we eliminated endogenous melatonin secretion by pinealectomy and then restored physiological levels of serum melatonin with rises of the same duration but at different phases of the light-dark cycle (either at night or in the middle of the day). Serum melatonin patterns were determined by radioimmunoassay in samples taken hourly for 24 h. The reproductive state was monitored by measuring serum luteinizing hormone (LH) in ovariectomized ewes treated with constant release estradiol implants. Infusion of a long-day pattern of melatonin was equally effective in maintaining reproductive suppression when given during the night or the middle of the day. LH remained low for approximately 150 days and then rose as ewes became refractory to the inhibitory melatonin signal. These results do not support the phase hypothesis. Rather, they are consistent with the hypothesis that the duration of the nocturnal secretion of melatonin codes for day length. PMID- 3207799 TI - Increased suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion by chronic and acute estradiol administration in underfed adult female rats. AB - These studies attempted to elucidate the relationship between estradiol and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in chronically underfed (R) adult female rats. Examination of the response to ovariectomy revealed a significant delay in the onset of the postcastration increase in LH secretion in R females compared to control (C) animals. Chronic estrogen treatment in the form of Silastic capsules containing varying doses of E2. The response of C females was dose-dependent, ranging from complete suppression at 10 micrograms E2/animal to an absence of inhibition at 2.4 micrograms E2/animal. The acute response of LH secretion to E2 administration in the ovariectomized female indicated an increased suppression of plasma LH at 6 and 24 h after a single s.c. injection of estradiol benzoate (EB) in R compared to C animals. There was no difference between R and C rats in the ratio of free to protein-bound estradiol in the serum. The results of these studies suggest that the negative feedback efficacy of estrogen on LH secretion is significantly enhanced by reduced food intake in adult female rats and may be responsible for the loss of reproductive cyclicity in these animals. PMID- 3207800 TI - The effect of human follicular fluid on endothelial cells: proliferation and DNA synthesis. AB - Human follicular fluid has been reported to cause angiogenesis. Although endothelial cell mitogenesis is a major component of the process of angiogenesis, the findings in the literature regarding the effects of human follicular fluid in in vitro endothelial cell growth assays are equivocal. In the present study, we examined the effect of human follicular fluid from preovulatory follicles on fetal bovine aortic endothelial cell proliferation. Human serum was used as a control since follicular fluid is largely a transudate of serum and could contain serum-derived endothelial cell mitogens. Neither human follicular fluid nor serum directly caused endothelial cell proliferation. However, follicular fluid, as well as serum, caused an increase in thymidine incorporation by endothelial cells, and resulted in an increased proportion of cells in the DNA synthesis and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Although follicular fluid was not directly mitogenic, it, in contrast to human serum, together with fetal bovine serum markedly enhanced endothelial cell proliferation beyond that caused by fetal bovine serum alone. These results suggest that a combination of factors, some of ovarian origin present in follicular fluid, and others from as yet unidentified sources, govern the mitogenic component of new blood vessel growth in the ovary. PMID- 3207801 TI - Pineal and ovarian response to 22- and 24-h days in the ewe. AB - Melatonin secretion in ewes was entrained by 22-h light-dark cycles whether of long (16L:6D) or short (6L:16D) photoperiod. In photoperiods of 6L:16D, a phase delay of melatonin secretion was evident, leading to a dark-phase duration shorter than that found in 8L:16D. Early onset of estrus was induced in anestrous ewes kept in 8L:16D, but not 6L:16D, from 22 July compared to controls in natural light. In photoperiods of 16L:6D, the melatonin profile corresponded precisely to the dark phase. Early offset of estrus was induced in estrous ewes kept in both 18L:6D and 16L:6D from 18 December compared to controls in natural light. Thus, when the duration of melatonin secretion was appropriate to the long photoperiod (16L:6D), but with a constantly changing phase position, a long-day reproductive response was found. Activity-rest cycles were not entrained by 16L:6D; thus the synchronization of melatonin and activity-rest cycles does not appear to be essential for the induction of a long-day reproductive response. These results support the hypothesis that the duration, not the circadian-phase position, of melatonin is critical to the induction of photoperiodic effects. PMID- 3207802 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the oviduct during egg transport in cyclic and pregnant rats. AB - We investigated the temporal relationships between ovum transport and changes in the concentration of nuclear steroid receptors in the oviduct of cyclic and pregnant rats. A lack of parallelism between estrogen and progesterone fluctuations in plasma and their respective nuclear receptor concentrations in the oviduct predominated during egg transport. In pregnant animals, oviductal egg transport took 24 h longer than in nonpregnant animals. In both conditions, transport was initiated while the action of estrogen and progesterone on the oviduct--measured as nuclear receptor accumulation--was decreasing. Three or four days later, depending on whether the animal was pregnant, the eggs entered the uterus shortly after an increase in the nuclear receptor accumulation of both hormones. Treatment with RU486, a progesterone receptor-blocking agent known to cause premature arrival of eggs in the uterus, advanced estrogen receptor accumulation in the oviduct of pregnant rats. These data suggest that the arrival of eggs in the uterus is timed by a transitory increase in nuclear estrogen receptor in the oviduct that does not necessarily reflect a similar change of circulating estradiol. Moreover, in pregnant rats, the onset of this estrogenic action is delayed by a progesterone receptor-mediated effect that hinders nuclear estrogen receptor accumulation. PMID- 3207803 TI - Uptake of progesterone by red blood cells in the rat. AB - This work examined the extent to which progesterone (P) in whole blood is transported in association with red blood cells (RBC) in the rat. The effects of plasma P concentration and changes in the source of whole blood on this association were also assessed. Initially, the RBC uptake of [3H]P was measured in vitro in blood from either adrenalectomized-ovariectomized (Ax-Ox) rats, thus rendered effectively P-free, and from rats at Day 16 of pregnancy. In blood from Ax-Ox rats, almost 10% of [3H]P was located within the RBC fraction, and this percentage increased with the addition of exogenous P (range of mean RBC uptake 9.4-18.9% over a plasma P concentration range of approximately 100-4500 ng/ml). A similar though less marked effect of exogenous P was observed in blood from pregnant rats (mean RBC uptake 11.7-14.8% over a similar plasma P concentration range), suggesting that plasma from pregnant rats had a greater capacity to bind P. To assess the RBC uptake of P in vivo, arterial blood samples were obtained during constant infusion of [3H]P in Day 16 pregnant rats with or without prior P supplementation (20 mg P per day over 4 days). The mean RBC uptake of P in control rats was 18.8 +/- 0.7%, but was reduced (p less than 0.05) to 16.2 +/- 0.5% after P supplementation. This reduction may have been due to the increase in the P-binding capacity of plasma known to occur after P supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207804 TI - Noninvasive measurement of glucose uptake by two populations of murine embryos. AB - Glucose uptake was measured by a noninvasive fluorescence technique on a total of 165 morula- and blastocyst-stage murine embryos in two different culture media. Eighty-four embryos were tested in M2 medium, and the remaining 81 embryos were tested in M16. Embryos assayed in M2 took up significantly less glucose over the 4-h assay period than did embryos assayed in M16. The lower uptake of glucose by embryos in M2 corresponded with a decrease in the quality of embryos cultured overnight in M2 as judged by morphological criteria. Embryos that were judged to be degenerate or had gross abnormalities took up significantly less glucose than did normal embryos. Glucose uptake in both populations of embryos covered a wide range of values and was normally distributed. A significant effect between mothers was noted in glucose uptake for embryos assayed in both M16 and M2 media. The possible uses of noninvasive measures of glucose uptake as a test of embryo viability or for optimizing culture conditions are discussed. PMID- 3207805 TI - Temporal changes in motility parameters related to acrosomal status: identification and characterization of populations of hyperactivated human sperm. AB - The occurence and time course of capacitation, acrosomal loss, and hyperactivated motility require quantitative definition in order to characterize fertile human sperm. In this study, video microscopy and digital image analysis were used to measure curvilinear (VCL) and straight line (VSL) velocity, average linearity of progression (LIN [100 x VSL/VCL]), maximum and mean amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), beat-cross-frequency (BCF), DANCE (VCL x meanALH) and DANCEMEAN (meanALH/(LIN/100]. These parameters were measured for sperm in semen and in the swim-up fraction of washed cells during incubation for up to 24 h under in vitro fertilization (IVF) conditions. Acrosomal loss was monitored in the same population of washed cells by an immunofluorescence end-point assay. The greatest increase in mean values of motility parameters was observed when seminal sperm were washed free of seminal plasma. Increases continued for up to 6 h of incubation. Two subpopulations of hyperactivated sperm were identified; one type, not found in semen, showed star-spin trajectories, and constituted 3.0, 3.8, 4.5, and 4.1% of the swim-up population after 0, 3, 6 and 24 h of incubation. The second type, termed transitional showed a more progressive trajectory and constituted less than 1% in semen. In total, hyperactivated cells constituted 0.8% of cells in semen, 14.5% of the swim-up population with no incubation, and 23.1, 22.7, and 19.4% after 3, 6, and 24 h of incubation, respectively. Acrosomal loss in the swim-up population was delayed during the first 3 h of incubation, then increased from near 5% at 3 h to 7 and 12% at 6 and 24 h, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207806 TI - Ped gene expression by embryos cultured in vitro. AB - The rate of cleavage division of preimplantation mouse embryos has been shown to be influenced by the Ped gene, a gene linked to the H-2 complex, the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse. There are two functional alleles of the Ped gene, slow and fast. To examine Ped gene expression outside of the maternal uterine environment, embryos from inbred and congenic mouse strains were cultured in vitro, in chemically defined medium, for various lengths of time. The results of these studies show that the difference in the rate of cleavage division between slow-developing strains (Ped slow) and fast-developing strains (Ped fast) is maintained in vitro. Thus, the Ped gene phenotype of developing embryos is an intrinsic property of the embryos themselves. PMID- 3207807 TI - Effect of daily spermatozoan production but not age on transit time of spermatozoa through the human epididymis. AB - Daily spermatozoan production, numbers of epididymal spermatozoa, and transit times of spermatozoa through different regions of the epididymis were determined in 38 men, aged 20-49 or 50-79 yr. Specimens were obtained at autopsy within 24 h of death due to traumatic injury or heart failure. Subjects were in apparent good health prior to death, and death was not preceded by an extended period of hospitalization. Daily spermatozoan production per testis (DSP/T) and numbers of epididymal spermatozoa were determined from counts of maturation-phase spermatids or epididymal spermatozoa in tissue homogenized in a Waring blender. Epididymal transit time was calculated as the number of spermatozoa in a given region of the epididymis or in the entire epididymis divided by DSP/T of the connected testis. Parenchymal weight, spermatozoan production rate, numbers of epididymal spermatozoa, and epididymal transit time were similar (p greater than 0.05) between paired testes or epididymides. Men were divided into four groups on the basis of age and DSP/T. Since there was no (p greater than 0.05) effect of age on epididymal transit time, men in different age groups were combined within their respective group on the basis of DSP/T. In the group with high DSP/T, DSP/g parenchyma was much higher and epididymal transit time was much faster. However, parenchymal weights and numbers of epididymal spermatozoa were similar (p greater than 0.05) between DSP/T groups. The similarity in number of spermatozoa in epididymides of men whose DSP/T differed by threefold is consistent with the inability of the human epididymis to store many spermatozoa when no blockage is present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207808 TI - Developmental changes in and hormonal regulation of estrogen and androgen receptors present in the rabbit epididymis. AB - Both androgen and estrogen receptors (AR and ER) are present in the rabbit epididymis. We have used the sucrose gradient method to examine receptor sedimentation properties, receptor concentration, and distribution of receptors among the caput, corpus, and cauda of the epididymis to determine changes that occur in these parameters as the animals age. The 9S form of the ER is present in all three epididymal segments of the immature rabbit, with the highest concentration occurring in the cauda. The 8.2S form of the AR is also present in all three segments of the immature epididymis, with the highest concentration occurring in the caput. Short-term castration (3 days) leads to an increase in the amount of both AR and ER detected. ER are present in all segments of the immature epididymis at higher concentrations than AR. The functional 9S form of the ER disappears as the animals mature, the result of a tissue-specific protease that our laboratory previously has shown proteolyzes ER to a non-DNA-binding 3.8S form. Long-term castration (3 mo) of adult rabbits results in the reappearance of the 9S form of the ER in all segments of the epididymis. The reappearance of the 9S form of the ER is also seen in animals castrated for 1 mo, but not in those castrated for 2 wk. Administration of testosterone once daily for 2 wk to adult animals castrated for 6 wk results in the disappearance of the 9S form of the ER and the reappearance of the 3.8S form, suggesting that the tissue-specific protease is androgen-dependent. In this way, circulating androgens may play a role in regulating the concentration and form of the ER in the rabbit epididymis. There is little change in the concentration or distribution of AR in the epididymis of adult rabbits castrated for 3 mo as compared to those castrated for 3 days. This implies that circulating androgens are not required for maintenance of AR in the epididymis. Our data demonstrate that there are temporal differences in the presence and concentration of ER and AR in the epididymis and suggest that there is a differential, age-dependent regulation of the development and function of the epididymis by androgens and estrogens. PMID- 3207809 TI - Excreted steroids in primate feces over the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. AB - Techniques were established for the extraction and measurement of 17 beta estradiol (E2) and progestins (P4) from feces of Old World primates. Studies were conducted to show the sensitivity of these measures, means of preserving fecal samples in the field, effects of urinary contamination, and means to eliminate these effects. Our results show that excreted steroid measures can be used to distinguish between mid-follicular and luteal phases in the menstrual cycle, and to identify pregnancy by Day 20 of gestation; the steroid measures can also be used to identify ovulatory levels of E2 and to establish the length of the menstrual cycle. Urine was shown to contaminate the fecal sample and to confound the estimate of steroid levels in feces; prolonged storage (less than 6 h) was shown to change the steroid estimate. Both urinary contamination and storage dependent changes were eliminated by the addition of ethanol to the sample. Preliminary results also suggest that effects of dietary fiber on steroid hormone levels are minimal when controlled quantitatively by adjusting for water content of the fecal sample. We conclude that these measurements of excreted steroids provide a valid, noninvasive measure of physiological state of the hypothalamic pituitary-ovarian axis among free-ranging animals in the field. PMID- 3207810 TI - Effect of electrocautery of nonovulated day 1 follicles on subsequent morphological variation among day 11 porcine embryos. AB - One hundred and thirteen crossbred gilts were used in three experiments to examine the relationship between the pattern or sequence of ovulation and subsequent variation in the morphology of Day 11 embryos. In the first experiment, the percentage of follicles that had ovulated was determined in individual gilts at 26, 30, 34, or 38 h after the onset of estrus (n = 20) and 39, 41, 43, 45, or 47 h post-injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 25; hCG, 1000 IU). The second experiment consisted of observing the percentage of follicles ovulated in 52 additional gilts at 34 h after the onset of estrus (Day 0). In the third experiment, the morphological variation among littermate embryos was compared on Day 11 between sham-operated control gilts (n = 8) and gilts whose nonovulated follicles were destroyed by electrocautery (n = 8) on Day 1. Results of these experiments indicated that the pattern of ovulation in gilts was skewed (p less than 0.01). Ovulation, induced with hCG, appeared to occur in a majority of follicles during a short period of time, whereas the remaining ovulations occurred over a longer interval. Of the 57 gilts observed at 34 h after natural estrus, ovaries of 25 gilts contained corpora hemorrhagica (CH) and follicles; one gilt had 1 CH and 17 follicles, and 24 others had 10-17 CH with 1 4 follicles remaining. Destruction of these nonovulated follicles resulted in a more (p less than 0.01) uniform group of Day 11 embryos and with fewer (p less than 0.05) small embryos. These data demonstrated that the pattern of ovulation may affect morphological variation in embryonic development such that some of the later ovulating follicles may represent smaller embryos within a litter. PMID- 3207811 TI - Fast and easy detection of mouse sex chimeras using electrophoretic polymorphism of phosphoglycerate kinase-1, an X chromosome-linked enzyme. AB - About half of the chimeras produced by aggregation of two mouse embryos are sex chimeras composed of both XX and XY cells. We developed a fast and easy method to identify sex chimeras by using electrophoretic bimorphism of an X-linked enzyme, phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK-1), as a marker. When embryos resulting from the crossing of a Pgk-1b/Pgk-1b female and a Pgk-1a/Y male are aggregated, the genotype of sex chimeras is Pgk-1b/Pgk-1a----Pgk-1b/Y. Most of these were identifiable from the PGK-1 electrophoretic pattern of blood cells (i.e., AB type) and the appearance of genitalia (male type or apparently abnormal). Genotypes of functional sperm in the testes of the male-type sex chimeras were also identifiable from the PGK-1 electrophoretic pattern of progenies. Examination of gonads of the sex chimeras revealed that a considerable proportion was hermaphorditic. With this method, reasonable numbers of male-type sex chimeras and hermaphrodites may be selected and used as material for investigating sexual differentiation. PMID- 3207812 TI - Metal-binding proteins of the Syrian hamster ovaries: apparent deficiency of metallothionein. AB - A deficiency of metallothionein, a high-affinity metal-binding protein thought to detoxify cadmium, has been observed in rat and mouse testes, tissues that are highly susceptible to the necrotizing and carcinogenic effects of cadmium. Like the testes, the ovaries undergo a hemorrhagic necrosis when exposed to cadmium, and female Syrian hamsters have recently been shown to be highly susceptible to cadmium. However, the nature of cadmium-binding proteins in the ovary is unknown; thus, this study was undertaken to define the nature of any such proteins in the Syrian hamster ovary. A low molecular weight (Mr) zinc- and cadmium-binding protein was detected in cytosol derived from the ovaries after gel filtration that eluted with a relative elution volume similar to authentic metallothionein. This protein was extractable by heat-treatment and sequential acetone precipitation. When such extracts were further purified with a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique developed for the isolation of metallothionein isoforms, two forms were separated. However, neither of these could be classified as metallothionein on the basis of amino acid composition, since both were particularly low in cysteine, a very common amino acid in metallothionein. The ovarian protein also contained significant amounts of aromatic amino acids, unlike metallothionein--which is devoid of aromatics, and contained much more glutamate than metallothionein. Hamsters were also made resistant to cadmium-induced ovarian necrosis by zinc treatment. Such zinc treatment, however, did not alter levels of this protein, yet caused a marked induction of hepatic metallothionein. Likewise, cadmium treatment did not increase the levels of the ovarian metal-binding protein yet markedly induced hepatic metallothionein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3207813 TI - Secretory proteins of the bovine conceptus alter endometrial prostaglandin and protein secretion in vitro. AB - The conceptus is believed to produce factors that regulate endometrial function and prevent luteolysis during early pregnancy. Endometrial tissues were collected from cyclic (n = 8) and pregnant (n = 2) cows at Day 17 post-estrus and cultured for 24 and 48 h with bovine conceptus secretory proteins (bCSP) (0%, 10%, 100%), where the amount of protein produced by a bovine conceptus during 24 h of culture is 100%. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into secreted proteins was determined and examined qualitatively by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Levels of an intracellular endometrial inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis were determined with a cotyledonary microsomal test system. Treatment with 10% and 100% bCSP reduced incorporation of [3H]leucine into secreted proteins. However, bCSP selectively induced two secreted proteins (13 and 10 kDa) from endometrium of cyclic cows. Prostaglandin F (PGF) secretion was decreased by bCSP treatment while prostaglandin E2 secretion was unaltered. An intracellular endometrial inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis was induced by bCSP; synthesis of PGF by the cotyledonary prostaglandin-generating system was decreased when incubated with cytosol of endometrium treated with bCSP, but unaltered by cytosol from control tissues. In conclusion, products produced by the bovine conceptus are capable of regulating endometrial protein and prostaglandin biosynthesis in a fashion that could act to prevent luteolysis in vivo and provide endometrial secretory products for embryonic development. PMID- 3207814 TI - Morphological studies of the microcirculatory system of periovulatory ovine follicles. AB - Thecal vascular tissue and blood cells were studied by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy during ovulation in the ewe. Cross-sectional areas of vascular lumens increased after the preovulatory surge in luteinizing hormone, decreased before ovulation, and then increased again as corpora lutea formed. Numbers of blood vessels per unit area of thecal tissue declined just before ovulation, then increased during luteinization. The follicular stigma that develops near the time of ovulation was completely void of blood vessels. These findings were paralleled chronologically by evidence of vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, tissue edema, congestion, ischemia, vascular injury, and angiogenesis. Neutrophils and eosinophils migrated out of the vascular compartment before ovulation. Around the time of ovulation, there were masses of extravasated blood in thecal tissue, and numerous platelets adhered to damaged vascular endothelium. Extravasated monocytes/macrophages were evident after ovulation. Numbers of extravascular lymphocytes remained relatively constant, but the lymphocytes were often marginated along endothelium in ovulatory and postovulatory follicles. Basophilic cells accumulated in association with the development of new capillaries during luteinization. Our observations are consistent with the concept that periovulatory follicular processes include acute inflammation, tissue damage, glandular transformation, and healing. PMID- 3207815 TI - [Use of a charge-coupled device array camera in reflectance spectroscopy of the blood. 2: Determination of the indocyanine green concentration]. PMID- 3207816 TI - [A comparison of the evaluation of intramural and epicardial and endocardial distribution of transmembrane potentials in demonstrating the source structure in the ECG and magnetocardiography impulse problem]. PMID- 3207817 TI - [Principle of the dynamic neutral electrode in high frequency cutting]. PMID- 3207818 TI - [BEATE--a new function test instrument for safety technical assessment of respirators]. PMID- 3207819 TI - [Requirements for bicycle ergometers for children]. PMID- 3207820 TI - [A computerized model of cerebrovascular circulation]. PMID- 3207821 TI - Nonproton ion release by purple membranes exhibits cooperativity as shown by determination of the optical cross-section. AB - The amplitudes of the conductivity transients in photoexcited purple membranes were studied as a function of the energy of the actinic flash to determine the optical cross section of the process giving rise to the conductivity transient. Heating of the solution by the absorbed light causes an additional conductivity change and serves as an internal actinometer; the experiment directly yields the ratio of the cross section of ion release/uptake to that for light absorption. In effect, this counts the number of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) molecules involved in the conductivity transient per photon absorbed. At pH 7 in 0.4-0.5 M NaCl, where the conductivity signals are dominated by nonproton ions, the ratio is between 3 and 4, i.e., excitation of any one of several chromophores generates the same ion release signal. The simplest interpretation is that at pH 7 cooperative conformational changes cause a transient change in the surface charge distribution near all the affected bR molecules, resulting in the transient release of numerous counterions. As a comparison, at pH 4 where the signals are due to protons alone, the cross section data indicate that only a single bR molecule is involved in the proton movements. In this case, the results also show that the sum of the primary forward and reverse quantum yields (for the reactions: bR----K) is 0.88 +/- 0.09. PMID- 3207822 TI - Theory of optical ellipsometric measurements from muscle diffraction studies. AB - A theory of optical ellipsometry describing the complete phase shift and ellipticity of light diffracted from a single muscle fiber is developed. We show that both the phase shift information, described commonly by the birefringence of the fiber, and the ellipticity information, described by the differential polarizability ratio, are necessary to provide a complete picture of the complex contributions to the total optical anisotropy spectra from a diffraction pattern derived from the striated muscle cell. Both form and intrinsic contributions play significant roles in either the birefringence measurement or the differential field ratio measurement. However, we show that their relative weights in these two measured quantities are different, and measuring both of these parameters is necessary to obtain a more complete assessment of the cross-bridge structure and dynamics. The theoretical results have been tested for three different situations: solvent index matching, passive stretch of a resting fiber, and cross bridge changes under isometric conditions. Comparisons between experimental data and simple model calculations provide much information regarding cross-bridge orientation and structure. PMID- 3207823 TI - Purple-to-blue transition of bacteriorhodopsin in a neutral lipid environment. AB - The red shift in the absorption maximum of native purple membrane suspensions caused by deionization is missing in lipid-depleted purple membrane, and the pK of the acid-induced transition is down-shifted to pH approximately 1.4 and has become independent of cation concentration (Szundi, I., and W. Stoeckenius. 1987. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:3681-3684). However, the proton pumping function cannot be demonstrated in these membranes. When native acidic lipids of purple membrane are exchanged for egg phosphatidylcholine or digalactosyldiglyceride, bacteriorhodopsin is functionally active in the modified membrane. It shows spectral shifts upon light-dark adaptation, a photocycle with M-intermediate and complex decay kinetics; when reconstituted into vesicles with the same neutral lipids, it pumps protons. Unlike native purple membrane, lipid-substituted modified membranes do not show a shift of the absorption maximum to longer wavelength upon deionization. A partial shift can be induced by titration with HCl; it has a pK near 1.5 and no significant salt dependence. Titration with HNO3 and H2SO4, which causes a complete transition in the lipid-depleted membranes, i.e., it changes their colors from purple to blue, does not cause the complete transition in the lipid-substituted preparations. These results show that the purple color of bacteriorhodopsin is independent of cations and their role in the purple-to-blue transition of native membranes is indirect. The purple and blue colors of bacteriorhodopsin are interpreted as two conformational states of the protein, rather than different protonation states of a counterion to the protonated Schiff base. PMID- 3207824 TI - Hypophosphite ion as a 31P nuclear magnetic resonance probe of membrane potential in erythrocyte suspensions. AB - Hypophosphorus acid has a single pKa of 1.1 and at physiological pH values it is therefore present almost entirely as the univalent hypophosphite ion. When added to a red cell suspension the ion crosses the cell membrane rapidly, via the anion exchange protein, and the intra- and extracellular populations of the ion give rise to separate 31P NMR resonances. From a single 31P NMR spectrum it was possible to determine the relative amounts of hypophosphite in the intra- and extracellular compartments and thereby estimate the corresponding concentrations. The ratio of intracellular to extracellular hypophosphite concentration was independent of the total hypophosphite concentration for cells suspended in NaCl solutions and was independent of hematocrit. The hypophosphite distribution ratio increased as extracellular NaCl was replaced iso-osmotically with citrate or sucrose, through it remained very similar to the corresponding hydrogen ion distribution ratio. Incorporation of the hypophosphite distribution ratio into the Nernst equation yielded an estimate of the membrane potential. For cells suspended in NaCl solutions the estimated potential was consistently around -10 mV. PMID- 3207825 TI - Transport properties of rigid bent-rod macromolecules and of semiflexible broken rods in the rigid-body treatment. Analysis of the flexibility of myosin rod. AB - The translational diffusion coefficients, rotational relaxation times and intrinsic viscosities of rigid bent rods, composed by two rodlike arms joined rigidly at an angle alpha, have been evaluated for varying conformation using the latest advances in hydrodynamic theory. We have considered semiflexible rods in which the joint is an elastic hinge or swivel, with a potential V(alpha) = 1/2Q alpha 2 with constant Q. Accepting the rigid-body treatment, we calculate properties of broken rods by averaging alpha-dependent values for rigid rods. The results are finally used to interpret literature values of the properties of myosin rod. Q is regarded as an adjustable parameter, and the value fitted is such that the average bending angle of myosin rod is approximately 60 degrees. PMID- 3207826 TI - Measurement of protein rotational motion using frequency domain polarized fluorescence depletion. AB - Polarized fluorescence depletion (PFD) methods (Yoshida, T. M. and B. G. Barisas. Biophys. J. 1986. 50:41-53) are approximately 10(3)-10(4) fold more sensitive than other techniques for measuring protein rotational motions in cell membranes and other viscous environments. Proteins labeled with fluorophores having a high quantum yield for triplet formation are examined anaerobically in a fluorescence microscope. In time domain PFD experiments a several-microsecond pulse of linearly polarized light produces an orientationally-asymmetric depletion of ground state fluorescence in the sample. Monitoring the decay of ground state depletion with a probe beam alternatively polarized, parallel, and perpendicular to the depletion pulse permits the triplet lifetime and rotational correlation time to be resolved and evaluated. We have now explored fluorescence depletion methods in the frequency domain to see whether such measurements could provide simpler and more efficient routine measurements of protein rotational relaxation than previous time domain PFD methods. An acousto-optic modulator (AOM) modulates the intensity of a 514.5 nm argon ion laser beam and a Pockels cell (PC) rotates its plane of polarization. These devices are driven by sinusoidal or square waves in fixed frequency relation, and rigidly phase locked, one to another. The fluorescence emitted from a sample then contains various overtones and combinations of the AOM and PC frequencies. The magnitude and phase of individual fluorescence signal frequencies are measured by a lock-in amplifier using a reference also phase-locked to both the AOM and PC. Specific frequencies permit evaluation of the rotational correlation time of the macromolecule and of the fluorophore triplet state lifetime, respectively. Measurement of bovine serum albumin rotation in glycerol solutions by this method is described. PMID- 3207827 TI - Osmotic fragility model for red cell populations. AB - A model that predicts the osmotic fragility curve of a red cell population is developed by relating the critical osmotic pressure to the size distribution of the cells, determined by resistive pulse spectroscopy. Two of the parameters involved, namely the normalized osmotic volume correction, B, and the swelling index, k, are previously determined from the experimental average properties of the population. From these values the critical volume of the cell is obtained, and is shown to be 6-12% larger than the first spherical volume, obtained from an independent experiment. A new parameter, n, a measure of the surface area distribution of the cells, is incorporated through a simple function that relates the critical volume to the size of the cells, and is theoretically shown to be linked to parameters k and B. The model is used to fit and interpret fragility data obtained in this laboratory for normal and sickle cell samples. From the values of n obtained for normal samples, the model predicts an essentially constant surface-to-volume ratio within an individual's cell population. For sickle cell samples, instead, the value of index n is negative, thereby supporting an increase in excess surface area as cell size decreases. Both findings are in agreement with direct observations reported in the literature. It is concluded that this set of parameters may be used to develop an index classification of blood disorders. PMID- 3207828 TI - Photocurrent measurements of the purple membrane oriented in a polyacrylamide gel. AB - When illuminated, oriented purple membranes isolated from Halobacterium halobium give a photoelectric effect. The frequency response of a photocurrent measuring system for purple membranes oriented and immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel is analyzed from DC to 100 MHz. The waveform of the photocurrent can depend on both the sample conditions (including bathing solution) and the measuring system (electrode and ammeter) at both the low and high frequency ends. In the DC-1 kHz range (millisecond signals), the apparent lifetime of the photocurrent component is distorted if the electrode is not platinized and if the conductivity of the bathing solution is not low. In the 1 kHz to 1 MHz range (microsecond signals), the frequency response is flat under most conditions. In the MHz range (nanosecond signals), the apparent lifetime of the photocurrent component will be distorted if the conductivity of the bathing solution is not high and if the input impedance of the ammeter is not low and constant throughout the frequency range. With our optimized apparatus, we could measure the photocurrent components from oriented purple membrane with lifetimes from 70 ms to 32 ns without distortion by the measuring system. PMID- 3207829 TI - Leukocyte relaxation properties. AB - Study of the mechanical properties of leukocytes is useful to understand their passage through narrow capillaries and interaction with other cells. Leukocytes are known to be viscoelastic and their properties have been established by micropipette aspiration techniques. Here, the recovery of leukocytes to their normal spherical form is studied after prolonged deformation in a pipette which is large enough to permit complete entry of the leukocyte. The recovery history is characterized by the time history of the major diameter (d1) and minor diameter (d2). When the cell is removed from the pipette, it shows initially a small rapid recoil followed by a slower asymptotic recovery to the spherical shape. In the presence of cell activation and formation of pseudopods, the time history for recovery is prolonged compared with passive cell recovery. If a protopod pre-existed during the holding period, the recovery only begins when the protopod starts to retract. PMID- 3207830 TI - Hindered diffusion in excised membrane patches from retinal rod outer segments. AB - Excised inside-out membrane patches are useful for studying the cGMP-activated ion channels that generate the electrical response to light in retinal rod cells. We show that strong ionic current across a patch changes the driving force on the current by altering the ionic concentration near the surface membrane, an effect somewhat like that first described by Frankenhaeuser and Hodgkin (1956) in squid axons. The dominant concentration change occurs in the solution adjacent to the cytoplasmic (inner) surface of the membrane, where diffusion is impaired by intracellular material that adheres to the patch during excision. The magnitude and time course of the ionic changes are consistent with the expected volume of this material and with an effective diffusion coefficient about an order of magnitude less than that in free solution. Methods are described for correcting current transients observed in voltage clamp experiments, so that channel gating kinetics can be obtained without contamination by changes in driving force. We suggest that restricted diffusion may occur in patches excised from other types of cells and influence rapid kinetic measurements. PMID- 3207832 TI - Mild pressure induces resistance of erythrocytes to hemolysis by snake venom phospholipase A2. AB - It is generally assumed that mild pressure of a few atmospheres, such as that applied to blood cells during routine centrifugation, does not affect cell function. The results of the present study refute this notion. To explore the effect of mild pressure on cell function we examined its effect on the susceptibility of red blood cells (RBC) to hemolysis by snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Rat RBC were subjected to pressure of up to five atmospheres, returned to ambient pressure and interacted with PLA2 to induce hemolysis. The hemolysis was markedly decreased with increasing the pressure applied before induction of hemolysis. Application of such a pressure induces the shedding of a chemical factor, as yet uncharacterized, which facilitates the action of PLA2 on RBC. PMID- 3207831 TI - Anisotropic 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation in cerebroside- and phospholipid-cholesterol bilayer membranes. AB - The axially symmetric powder pattern 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lineshapes observed in the liquid crystalline phase of pure lipid or lipid/cholesterol bilayers are essentially invariant to temperature, or, equivalently, to variations in the correlation times characterizing C-2H bond reorientations. In either of these melted phases, where correlation times for C 2H bond motions are shorter than 10(-7) s, information on the molecular dynamics of the saturated hydrocarbon chain would be difficult to obtain using lineshape analyses alone, and one must resort to other methods, such as the measurement of 2H spin-lattice relaxation rates, in order to obtain dynamic information. In pure lipid bilayers, the full power of the spin-lattice relaxation technique has yet to be realized, since an important piece of information, namely the orientation dependence of the 2H spin-lattice relaxation rates is usually lost due to orientational averaging of T1 by rapid lateral diffusion. Under more favorable circumstances, such as those encountered in the lipid/cholesterol mixtures of this study, the effects of orientational averaging by lateral diffusion are nullified, due to either a marked reduction (by at least an order of magnitude) in the diffusion rate, or a marked increase in the radii of curvature of the liposomes. In either case, the angular dependence of 2H spin-lattice relaxation is accessible to experimental study, and can be used to test models of molecular dynamics in these systems. Simulations of the partially recovered lineshapes indicate that the observed T1 anisotropies are consistent with large amplitude molecular reorientation of the C-2H bond among a finite number of sites. Furthermore, from the observed orientation dependence of the 2H spin-lattice relaxation rates, we conclude that order director fluctuations cannot provide the dominant relaxation pathway for acyl chain deuterons. PMID- 3207833 TI - Mass action kinetics of virus-cell aggregation and fusion. AB - A simple approximate solution for the mass action kinetics of small particles (viruses or vesicles) binding to large particles (cells) and their subsequent fusion has been derived. The solution is evaluated in terms of the measurable fluorescence changes expected when the virus or vesicles are labeled with fluorescent probes, which are diluted into the cellular membrane by fusion. Comparison with numerical integrations shows that the approximate solution is extremely accurate. Analytic simplifications for a variety of special cases of this general problem are also shown. PMID- 3207834 TI - Inhomogeneous translational diffusion of monoclonal antibodies on phospholipid Langmuir-Blodgett films. AB - The translational mobility of fluorescent-labeled monoclonal antibodies specifically bound to supported phospholipid bilayers containing hapten conjugated phospholipids has been measured as a function of the surface concentration of bound antibodies using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Fluorescence recovery curves are fit well by a model that assumes the presence of two populations of antibodies with different lateral diffusion coefficients. The larger diffusion coefficient equals 3.5 x 10(-9) cm2/s, the smaller diffusion coefficient ranges from 1.5 x 10(-9) cm2/s to 2.5 x 10(-10) cm2/s, and the fractional fluorescence recovery associated with the smaller coefficient increases from approximately 0 to approximately 0.7 with increasing concentration of bound antibody. These results suggest that complexes of haptenated phospholipids and antibodies in phospholipid Langmuir-Blodgett films form clusters or domains in a concentration-dependent fashion. PMID- 3207835 TI - On the mechanism of injury to slowly frozen erythrocytes. AB - When cells are frozen slowly in aqueous suspensions, the solutes in the suspending solution concentrate as the amount of ice increases; the cells undergo osmotic dehydration and are sequestered in ever-narrowing liquid-filled channels. Cryoprotective solutes, such as glycerol, reduce the amount of ice that forms at any specified subzero temperature, thereby controlling the buildup in concentration of those other solutes present, as well as increasing the volume of the channels that remain to accommodate the cells. It has generally been thought that freezing injury is mediated by the increase in electrolyte concentration in the milieu surrounding the cells, rather than reduction of temperature or any direct action of ice. In this study we have frozen human erythrocytes in isotonic solutions of sodium chloride and glycerol and have demonstrated a correlation between the extent of damage at specific subzero temperatures, and that caused by the action at 0 degrees C of solutions having the same composition as those produced by freezing. The cell lysis observed increased directly with glycerol concentration, both in the freezing experiments and when the cells were exposed to corresponding solutions at 0 degrees C, showing that the concentration of sodium chloride alone is not sufficient to account quantitatively for the damage observed. We then studied the effect of freezing in anisotonic solutions to break the fixed relationship between solute concentration and the volume of the unfrozen fraction, as described by Mazur, P., W. F. Rall, and N. Rigopoulos (1981. Biophys. J. 653-675). We confirmed their experimental findings, but we explain them differently. We ascribe the apparently dominant effect of the unfrozen fraction to the fact that the cells were frozen in, and returned to, anisotonic solutions in which their volume was either less than, or greater than, their physiological volume. When similar cell suspensions were subjected to a similar cycle of increase and then decrease in solution strength, but in the absence of ice (at 20 degrees C), a similar pattern of hemolysis was observed. We conclude that freezing injury to human erythrocytes is due solely to changes that occur in the composition of their surrounding milieu, and is most probably mediated by a temporary leak in the plasma membrane that occurs during the thawing (reexpansion) phase. PMID- 3207836 TI - Anion conductances of the giant axon of squid Sepioteuthis. AB - Anion conductances of giant axons of squid, Sepioteuthis, were measured. The axons were internally perfused with a 100-mM tetraethylammonium-phosphate solution and immersed in a 100-mM Ca-salt solution (or Mg-salt solution) containing 0.3 microns tetrodotoxin. The external anion composition was changed. The membrane currents had a large amount of outward rectification due to anion influx across Cl- channels of the membrane (Inoue, 1985). The amount of outward rectification depended on the species of anion used and was strongly influenced by temperature and internal pH. In contrast to the anion conductances themselves, the conductance relative to Cl- (gA/gCl) was found to be quite stable against changes in the membrane potential, temperature, and pH. It is therefore suggested that each gA/gCl is an intrinsic quantity of the Cl- channel of the squid axon membrane. The sequence and values of gA/gCl obtained in this study were NO3- (1.80) greater than I- (1.40) greater than Br- (1.07) greater than Cl- (1.00) greater than MeSO3- (0.46) greater than H2PO2- (0.33) greater than CH3COO- (0.29) greater than SO4(2-) (0.06). PMID- 3207837 TI - On the measurement of shear elastic moduli and viscosities of erythrocyte plasma membranes by transient deformation in high frequency electric fields. AB - We present a new method to measure the shear elastic moduli and viscosities of erythrocyte membranes which is based on the fixation and transient deformation of cells in a high-frequency electric field. A frequency domain of constant force (arising by Maxwell Wagner polarization) is selected to minimize dissipative effects. The electric force is thus calculated by electrostatic principles by considering the cell as a conducting body in a dielectric fluid and neglecting membrane polarization effects. The elongation A of the cells perpendicular to their rotational axis exhibits a linear regime (A proportional to Maxwell tension or to square of the electric field E2) at small, and a nonlinear regime (A proportional to square root of Maxwell tension or to the electric field E) at large extensions with a cross-over at A approximately 0.5 micron. The nonlinearity leads to amplitude-dependent response times and to differences of the viscoelastic response and relaxation functions. The cells exhibit pronounced yet completely reversible tip formations at large extensions. Absolute values of the shear elastic modulus, mu, and membrane viscosity, eta, are determined by assuming that field-induced stretching of the biconcave cell may be approximately described in terms of a sphere to ellipsoid deformation. The (nonlinear) elongation-vs.-force relationship calculated by the elastic theory of shells agress well with the experimentally observed curves and the values of mu = 6.1 x 10(-6) N/m and eta = 3.4 x 10(-7) Ns/m are in good agreement with the micropipette results of Evans and co-workers. The effect of physical, biochemical, and disease-induced structural changes on the viscoelastic parameters is studied. The variability of mu and eta of a cell population of a healthy donor is +/- 45%, which is mainly due to differences in the cell age. The average mu value of cells of different healthy donors scatters by +/- 18%. Osmotic deflation of the cells leads to a fivefold increase of mu and 10-fold increase of eta at 500 mosm. The shear modulus mu increases with temperature showing that the cytoskeleton does not behave as a network of entropy elastic springs. Elliptic cells of patients suffering from elliptocytosis of the Leach phenotype exhibit a threefold larger value of mu than normal discocytes of control donors. Cross-linking of the spectrin by the divalent S-H agents diamide (1 mM, 15 min incubation) leads to an eightfold increase of mu whereas eta is essentially constant. The effect of diamide is reversed after treatment with S-S bond splitting agents. PMID- 3207838 TI - Structure and location of amiodarone in a membrane bilayer as determined by molecular mechanics and quantitative x-ray diffraction. AB - Amiodarone is a drug used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and is believed to have a persistent interaction with cellular membranes. This study sought to examine the structure and location of amiodarone in a membrane bilayer. Amiodarone has a high membrane partition coefficient on the order of 10(6). Small angle x-ray diffraction was used to determine the position of the iodine atoms of amiodarone in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers under conditions of low temperature and hydration where the DPPC bilayer is in the gel state. The time-averaged position of the iodine atoms was determined to be approximately 6 A from the center (terminal methyl region) of the lipid bilayer. A dielectric constant of kappa = 2, which approximates that of the bilayer hydrocarbon core region, was used in calculating a minimum energy structure for membrane-bound amiodarone. This calculated structure when compared with the crystal structure of amiodarone demonstrated that amiodarone could assume a conformation in the bilayer significantly different from that in the crystal. The results reported here are an attempt to correlate the position of a membrane active drug in a lipid bilayer with its time-averaged conformation. This type of analysis promises to be of great use in the design of drugs with greater potency and higher specificity. PMID- 3207839 TI - Picosecond transient absorption study of photodissociated carboxy hemoglobin and myoglobin. AB - The optical transient absorption spectra at 30 ps and 6.5 ns after photolysis are compared for both carboxy hemoglobin (HbCO) and carboxy myoglobin (MbCO). Both 355- and 532-nm excitation pulses were used. In all cases the shapes of the optical difference spectra thus generated are stationary over the complete time scale studied. The photolysis spectra for MbCO are not significantly different from the equilibrium difference spectra generated on the same picosecond spectrometer when measured to an accuracy of +/- 0.5 nm. In addition, spectral parameters for delegated HbCO generated on the same spectrometer but detected by two different techniques, either by a Vidicon detector or point by point with photomultiplier tubes, are reported; the results are different from some of the previously reported picosecond experiments. PMID- 3207840 TI - Threshold for repetitive activity for a slow stimulus ramp: a memory effect and its dependence on fluctuations. AB - We have obtained new insights into the behavior of a class of excitable systems when a stimulus, or parameter, is slowly tuned through a threshold value. Such systems do not accommodate no matter how slowly a stimulus ramp is applied, and the stimulus value at onset of repetitive activity shows a curious, nonmonotonic dependence on ramp speed. (Jakobsson, E. and R. Guttman. Biophys. J. 1980. 31:293 298.) demonstrated this for squid axon and for the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model. Furthermore, they showed theoretically that for moderately slow ramps the threshold increases as the ramp speed decreases, but for much slower ramp speeds threshold decreases as the ramp speed decreases. This latter feature was found surprising and it was suggested that the HH model, and squid axon in low calcium, exhibits reverse accommodation. We have found that reverse accommodation reflects the influence of persistent random fluctuations, and is a feature of all such excitable systems. We have derived an analytic condition which yields an approximation for threshold in the case of a slow ramp when the effect of fluctuations are negligible. This condition predicts, and numerical calculations confirm, that the onset of oscillations occurs beyond the critical stimulus value which is predicted by treating the stimulus intensity as a static parameter, i.e., the dynamic aspect of a ramp leads to a delay in the onset. The condition further demonstrates a memory effect, i.e., firing threshold is dependent on the initial state of the system. For very slow ramps then, fluctuations diminish both the delay and memory effects. We characterize the class of excitable systems for which these behaviors are expected, and we illustrate the phenomena for the HH model and for a model of cAMP-receptor dynamics in Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 3207841 TI - Photochemistry of monomethylated and permethylated bacteriorhodopsin. AB - Methylation of the nonactive site lysines of bacteriorhodopsin to form permethylated bacteriorhodopsin does not interfere with the formation of the short wavelength intermediate M412 or light-induced proton release/uptake. The absorption spectrum is similar to that of the native bacteriorhodopsin. However, additional monomethylation of the active site lysine of bacteriorhodopsin causes a red shift of the absorption maximum from 568 nm in light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin [BR] to 630 nm. The photochemistry of active-site methylated BR does not proceed beyond the L-photointermediate. In particular, the photointermediate corresponding to M412 does not form, and there is no proton pumping. Moreover, there is no tyrosine deprotonation. Thus, the formation of an M-type photointermediate is required for proton pumping by BR. PMID- 3207842 TI - Phosphorescence of adenosine and poly(riboadenylic acid). Evidence for dual emissions and n pi states. AB - Phosphorescence from the 9-adenylyl group in the form of microcrystalline powders of adenosine films of poly(riboadenylic acid) (poly(rA)) in hyaluronic acid has been studied at 77 K. For adenosine, clearly resolved vibronic structure consists of two progressions, A and B, with delta vA = 1363 cm-1 and delta vB = 1575 cm-1, correlated with in-plane C5-N7 and in-plane C4-C5 stretch, respectively. The relative strength of the progressions varies with excitation wavelength and this, together with the absence of a common origin, indicates the existence of two independent emitting states with 0-0' levels separated by either 300 or 1000 cm 1. Two different excitation spectra are observed lying below the normal (pi pi*) adsorption and one is assigned as a previously undetected 1(n pi*) transition. For poly(rA) films the emission band envelope is identical with that of adenosine but the vibronic structure is lost. Only one excitation peak is observed at 32.9 X 10(3) cm-1, identical with one of the adenosine spectra. The second adenosine excitation spectrum probably represents an intermolecular charge transfer transition. Comparison is made with the predictions of six semi-empirical MO calculations. PMID- 3207843 TI - Conformational change of poly(L-lysine) induced by lipid vesicles of dilauroylphosphatidic acid. AB - The effect of negatively charged dilauroylphosphatidic acid (DLPA) vesicles on the conformation of poly(L-lysine) was investigated by circular dichroism measurements. DLPA vesicles induced a conformational change of poly(L-lysine) from the random coil to beta-structure in 5 mM Tes, pH 7.0. The fraction of induced beta-structure (F beta) was determined via a procedure of curve fitting of the observed spectra to the reference spectra. F beta increased linearly with the molar ratio, r, of DLPA to lysine residues up to r congruent to 0.7, and reached a saturation value of 1 at r greater than 1. Within the range 0.7 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 1, precipitation occurred. The effect of dilution of the negative charge on vesicle membranes was examined by mixing DLPA with dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC). Although the beta-structure of poly(L lysine) was also induced by mixed vesicles, the saturation value of F beta decreased with decreasing DLPA content in mixed vesicles. The variation in saturation value of F beta with the composition of mixed vesicles was interpreted in terms of the change in average distance between DLPA head groups in mixed vesicles. PMID- 3207844 TI - Effects of random copolymers of lysine on the thermotropic behaviour of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol vesicles. A fluorescence anisotropy study. AB - The effects of some random copolymers of lysine on the thermotropic behaviour of phospholipid vesicles, mainly dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), were studied by monitoring the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy with 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) as a membrane probe. A characteristic effect of the polylysine-tyrosine 4:1 copolymer was observed: DPPG vesicles are strongly stabilized, the gel-to-fluid transition going from 40 degrees C in the absence to 52 degrees C with an excess of copolymer (corresponding to a lipid/amino-acid ratio R = 0.5). For R greater than 0.5, the gel-to-fluid transition shows a three step profile. This triphasic transition, which appears with a much better resolution than with polylysine, demonstrates the formation of stable distinct domains of reasonable size, coexisting from 41 to 51 degrees C. Such stability, over a temperature range of 10 degrees C, is quite unusual and unexpected for a phase separation of mixed lipid phases. The peculiarity of this copolymer was proved by investigating the interactions of DPPG vesicles with polylysine tryptophan 4:1, polyornithine-lysine 4:1 and polylysine-tyrosine 1:1. We hypothesize that the observed effects are correlated with the ability of these copolymers to adopt/not adopt an alpha-helical or beta-sheet conformation upon interacting with anionic vesicles. PMID- 3207845 TI - Brownian dynamics simulations of intramolecular energy transfer. AB - A novel technique for modelling intramolecular energy transfer is presented. Brownian dynamics calculations are used to compute the trajectories of donor and acceptor species, and the instantaneous orientation factor is calculated during each temporal iteration. In this work, several model systems are considered. Trajectories were computed for energy transfer between a flexible donor and a rigidly fixed acceptor. We have considered configurations where the donor is, (1) tethered to a fixed point in space, but free to diffuse rotationally, and (2) constrained to wobble in a cone. The luminescence decay of the donor is 'measured', and a non-single-exponential decay is observed for configurations of efficient energy transfer. Luminescence anisotropy measurements of constrained and unconstrained donors reflect the contribution of both energy transfer and rotational diffusion to the shape of the anisotropy decay curve. PMID- 3207847 TI - The structure of a membrane-spanning polypeptide studied by molecular dynamics. AB - We have performed a molecular dynamics simulation of a 46-residue segment of glycophorin which includes the hydrophobic membrane-spanning region of this protein. The presence of a membrane and of water is taken into account in a continuum approximation which makes use of phenomenological hydrophobic energies. The initial alpha-helical conformation and the membrane incorporation of the hydrophobic segment remain stable for the length of the simulation which is 100 ps. Moreover, when the hydrophobic segment is partially shifted out of the membrane, it moves back into the membrane. Superimposed on these deterministic effects one also observes thermal fluctuations in the form of bending and tilting of the membrane-spanning helix. PMID- 3207846 TI - Detection of three rotational correlation times for a rigid asymmetric molecule using frequency-domain fluorometry. AB - We measured the frequency response of the polarized emission of Yt-base in propylene glycol at 10 degrees C. Data were obtained for excitation wavelengths of 290, 312 and 346 nm, for which the fundamental anisotropies are 0.05, 0.19 and 0.32, respectively. Additionally, data were obtained using CCl4, to decrease the mean decay time from 9.1 to 4.2 ns. These nine sets of data were analyzed globally to recover the anisotropy decay law. Three correlation times were needed to fit the data, 0.8, 3.0 and 5.6 ns, a range of only 7-fold. We believe this is the first reported detection of three correlation times for a rigid molecule. PMID- 3207848 TI - Micropolarities of lipid bilayers and micelles. 5. Localization of pyrene in small unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles. AB - The excimer/monomer ratio of emission intensities (IE/IM) and the enhancement of the 0-0 vibronic transition in the fluorescence spectra of pyrene (PY) and 16-(1 pyrenyl)hexadecanoic acid (C16PY) were used to investigate the localization of PY in the bilayers of small unilamellar vesicles constituted of phosphatidylcholine (SUV-PC). First, from comparison of the fluorescence characteristics of PY in water with those of PY incorporated into the SUV-PC membranes, we concluded that the probe is incorporated preferentially in the lipid phase of the vesicles and not in the bulk aqueous phase. In addition, we found that, contrary to what happens with the pyrenyl moiety of C16PY, the location of PY varies with its relative concentration in the membrane space. The critical concentration was observed to be around 1.0 mol% of incorporated PY. At concentrations below this value, PY is located in the hydrocarbon core of the lipid bilayers. Above 1.0 mol%, the PY molecules reside preferentially in the neighbourhood of the glyceryl moiety region of the PC vesicles. PMID- 3207849 TI - Stacking and edge-to-edge associations of antitumoral ellipticine derivatives are controlled in solution by interactions involving their nitrogen sites. PMID- 3207850 TI - CD of ethidium bromide complexes with normal and electrophoretically anomalous DNA restriction fragments. PMID- 3207851 TI - Electric birefringence studies of rabbit skeletal tropomyosin. PMID- 3207852 TI - A 2H-NMR study of the A-DNA conformation in films of oriented Na-DNA: evidence of a disordered B-DNA contribution. PMID- 3207853 TI - Terbium(III) induced Z to A transition in poly(dG-m5dC). PMID- 3207854 TI - Elevation of gastric pH with ranitidine does not affect the release characteristics of sustained release ibuprofen tablets. AB - The effect of elevating gastric pH on the release characteristics of a single unit sustained release (SR) ibuprofen tablet (MOTRIN-SR, Upjohn) was evaluated in 12 young, healthy men. Using a randomized crossover-type design, each subject received three treatments--ibuprofen SR 800 mg, ranitidine 300 mg followed by ibuprofen SR 800 mg, and conventional ibuprofen tablets (2 x 400 mg). Gastric pH, which was monitored radiotelemetrically, was maintained above pH 6 for at least 4 h after pretreatment with ranitidine. In absence of ranitidine, the pH remained mostly below pH 3. Serum levels of ibuprofen were measured for 24 h and urine was collected for 48 h after each treatment. Similarity of the serum levels after the two treatments with ibuprofen SR 800 mg indicated that the release of ibuprofen was unaffected by elevation in gastric pH. Comparison of profiles with the immediate release dosage form indicated that dose dumping did not occur in any subject. PMID- 3207855 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ergoloid mesylates. AB - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ergoloid mesylates following single administrations of various dose levels (3-9 mg), dosage forms (oral swallow and sublingual tablets, solution) and under different dosing conditions (fasted, with meal) were studied in young healthy volunteers. Male and female subjects showed a similar rate and extent of bioavailable ergoloid after drug treatment. The absorption of ergoloid using either the tablet dosage forms or the drug administered as a solution was rapid, with peak levels of about 60-80 pg ml-1 mg 1 dose achieved after 0.6 to 1.3 h. The elimination half-life for ergoloid in plasma was 2-5 h. Administration of drug with food had no effect on the extent of absorption (AUC) but lowered the absorption rate. This resulted in a reduction of (by 25 per cent) and delay in (by 1 h) achieving peak levels (Cmax). Increasing the ergoloid dose caused a proportional increase in the AUC, but a smaller than proportional increase for Cmax. The tablet formulations provided similar AUCs as the solution; the objective of the sublingual tablet formulation to provide improved bioavailability over the swallow tablet via circumvention of first-pass metabolism was therefore not realized. Transient decreases in blood pressure after ergoloid treatment paralleled the plasma level profiles. Higher ergoloid levels were paired with the larger pressure decreases. PMID- 3207856 TI - The non-linear pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone. III. Experiments using the rabbit as an animal model. AB - Intravenous zero order infusions were administered to New Zealand white rabbits. In a pilot study using one rabbit, prednisone and prednisolone clearance values increased with increase in either prednisone or prednisolone infusion rates. In the second study, prednisone was infused until both prednisone and prednisolone achieved steady-state concentrations. In the third study, prednisone was infused until only prednisone achieved steady-state concentrations. The results of the three experiments support the use of a non-linear reversible metabolism model to describe the pharmacokinetic relationship between prednisone and prednisolone. PMID- 3207857 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefazolin administered as a new drug delivery system in healthy volunteers. AB - A study was made of the pharmacokinetic behaviour in plasma and urine of cefazolin in seven healthy volunteers following parenteral administration of sodium cefazolin (1250 mg) and a sustained release formulation containing sodium cefazolin: cefazolin-dibenzylamine (1:4) at a total dose of 1250 mg, both formulations being administered over 1 week by the i.m. route. Cefazolin concentrations in plasma and urine were determined by a HPLC technique. Kinetic analysis of the experimental results was performed using an open single compartment kinetic model and a sustained release model for the drug administered as standard formulation and the sustained release formulation, respectively. The results obtained point to significant variations in the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug when administered in the DDS. The time of cefazolin at levels greater than 1 microgram ml-1 was 16.03 +/- 2.51 and 47.76 +/- 14.18 h-1 after administration of the standard formulation and the DDS, respectively. The urinary excretion rate curves also show the existence of sustained drug levels in the urine following administration of the DDS. The renal clearance of the drug did not show statistically significant differences between the two formulations administered. The process of release of cefazolin from the cefazolin dibenzylamine complex proved to be a first order kinetic process. The release constant of the antibiotic was calculated according to three different methods: the Wagner-Nelson method; the statistical moments method; and the fitting of the plasma levels curves to a compartmental model considering release and absorption. The values obtained for this constant ranges from 0.026 +/- 0.02 h-1 calculated with the method of statistical moments to 0.094 +/- 0.03 h-1 as calculated by the equation derived for the plasma fitting of cefazolin administered as DDS. PMID- 3207858 TI - Choice of optimum pharmacokinetic model of orally administered paracetamol. AB - The present work studies the characterization of the pharmacokinetic profile of paracetamol following oral administration of DUOROL tablets containing 500 mg of the active compound. Analysis is made of the influence of statistical weighting on the selection of the pharmacokinetic model chosen. In the model proposed, the uptake of the drug into the systemic circulation is described by two first-order sequential kinetic processes. The values of the first order rate constants that define the absorption process have values of 4.79 and 9.73 h-1. Validation of the absorption model proposed was performed by applying the Wagner-Nelson method, according to which values of 4.63 and 10.95 h-1 were obtained for each of the constants defining the uptake of the drug into the systemic circulation. PMID- 3207859 TI - Bioavailability of 125I bromelain after oral administration to rats. AB - Bromelain is a sulphydral protease, derived from the stem and fruit of pineapples. Semi-purified preparations of bromelain are used in the treatment of inflammation and oedema. There is however no unequivocal proof of the absorption of the enzyme after oral administration. In this study, 125I-bromelain was administered orally to rats and blood sampled at various times. The total radioactivity, the TCA precipitable 125I-compounds and the molecular weight profile of 125I-proteins in the plasma were determined. A maximum level, equivalent to 270 ng ml-1 bromelain was found at 1 h after administration. Approximately 40 per cent of the 125I in plasma could be precipitated by 10 per cent trichloroacetic acid. Electrophoretic analysis showed one major peak of radioactivity in the plasma samples, with a molecular weight of 26-32,000 daltons. This is identical to the main molecular weight fraction in the Bromelain mixture and corresponds to the molecular weight of the purified enzyme. In the 1 h plasma sample this peak contained 0.003 per cent of the administered dose per millilitre. PMID- 3207861 TI - Mean residence time in non-linear systems? PMID- 3207860 TI - Theophylline disposition in foundry workers exposed to coke oven effluent. PMID- 3207862 TI - A highly sensitive Northern blot assay detects multiple proenkephalin A-like mRNAs in human caudate nucleus and pheochromocytoma. AB - Total RNA from post mortem human caudate nucleus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex and pheochromocytoma tissues has been prepared. Northern blot analysis, using a single-stranded human proenkephalin A antisense probe (cRNA), revealed the existence of two different proenkephalin A-like sequences in the human caudate nucleus and pheochromocytoma RNA extracts of approximately 1400 and 1000 nucleotides in length respectively, whereas no specific RNA bands could be detected in the cortex and only the 1400 nucleotide band was present in the cerebellum. Under highly stringent hybridization conditions, the proenkephalin A like RNA bands still appear, indicating that the detected RNA species have either identical or a closely related sequence to that of the well-characterized human proenkephalin A mRNA sequence. PMID- 3207863 TI - An effective method for the separation of insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 during the purification process. AB - The separation of human insulin-like growth factors hIGF-1 and hIGF-2 was greatly improved by an additional purification step using the cation exchanger Mono-S (FPLC) compared to previous studies. Cross-reactions between hIGF-1 and hIGF-2 were strongly reduced. The more highly purified hIGF-1 had a cross-reaction of less than 1% in the RIA for hIGF-2, and was equivalent to recombinant hIGF-1. The pure hIGF-2 had a cross-reaction of less than 1% in the RIA for hIGF-1. In the human placental hIGF-2 radioreceptor assay, the hIGF-1 polypeptide completed less than 1% with hIGF-2 when the type 1 IGF receptor was blocked with insulin. PMID- 3207864 TI - [Participation of the thalamic reticular nucleus in the shaping of the interrelations of the mesencephalic reticular formation and the lateral geniculate body]. AB - On the awake rabbits and cats under nembutal anesthesia it has been shown that the reticular nucleus of the thalamus takes considerable part in the formation of reticulogeniculate response of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) to electrostimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation. It is assumed that the reticular nucleus of the thalamus takes basic part in a realization of "rapid" physical influences of the reticular formation on the LGB. PMID- 3207865 TI - [Comparative analysis of the efficacy of sympathetic effects on resistive vessels in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats undergoing perfusion at a constant flow rate and under constant pressure]. AB - The authors analyse the efficacy of sympathetic constrictive effects under the conditions of alternative perfusion. A more intensive vasoconstrictive response in perfusion with a constant discharge was observed in spontaneously hypertensive rats as compared to normotensive ones, and in perfusion with a constant pressure the reverse correlation was noted. PMID- 3207866 TI - [The analgesic effect of various fractions of the supernatant of a bone marrow cell culture in pathologic pain]. AB - Different fractions of bone marrow cell culture supernatant effects on pathological pain have been studied. It is shown that all studied fractions have analgesic effect and inhibit strong pain syndrome induced by generator of pathologically enhanced excitation. In distinction from commercial drug myelopid bone marrow supernatant fractions with high and low molecular weight exert analgesic effect in low concentrations not having muscle-relaxant and narcotic influence. It suggests the possibility of creation of some new highly effective analgesic drugs to abolish pain syndromes. PMID- 3207867 TI - [Elimination of stress-induced activation of DNA reparative synthesis in the myocardium by increasing the load on the heart]. AB - The rate of DNA reparative synthesis was studied in the nucleus of myocardial cells in the heart compensatory hyperfunction (HCH) induced by the aorta coarctation and in animals exposed to surgical stress without the aorta coarctation. It was established that both surgery and emotional painful stress activated the DNA reparative synthesis in myocardial cells. For example, 12-24 hrs following the surgery the DNA reparation rate exceeded control values by 50 74%. HCH induced no changes in the DNA reparation rate in nuclei of myocardial cells. The mechanism of stress-induced DNA damage is discussed and a hypothesis is put forward on stabilizing the effect of hyperfunction on the DNA structure. PMID- 3207868 TI - [Behavioral characteristics and protein synthesis in the brain of rats receiving ethanol with the mother's milk]. AB - The authors studied behavioral responses, conditioned reflexes and indices of protein synthesis in the structures of the brain in the progeny of female rats which received ethanol during the period of lactation. PMID- 3207869 TI - [The inhibition stage of lipid peroxidation during stress]. AB - Stress is shown to induce at first the generalized inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and then the activation of LPO. In brain and blood serum of rats subjected to continuous footshock as well as to restraint stress LPO products decreased and superoxide scavenging activity increased during the initial period of stress, after 1 hour of footshock LPO indices nearly reached normal values, and after 2 hours of footshock the accumulation of LPO products and decrease of superoxide scavenging activity were seen. LPO inhibition was accompanied by accumulation of easy oxidizable brain phospholipids and by depletion of brain cholesterol, during LPO activation brain cholesterol content and cholesterol-phospholipid ratio increased. The content of LPO products- fluorescent Schiff bases in blood plasma of women suffering from algomenorrhea at first decreased (O-12 h) and then dramatically increased (12-24 h) after a onset of pain at the beginning of menstruation. The data suggest that the stage of LPO inhibition precedes its activation during stress. PMID- 3207870 TI - [Effect of various reperfusion regimens on the recovery of myocardial contractile function after total ischemia]. AB - Isolated guinea pig hearts were subjected to 25-min total ischemia at 37 degrees C followed by 30-min reperfusion. The product of the left ventricular isovolumic systolic pressure and heart rate representing the cardiac work index was restored to 33 +/- 5% of initial value and diastolic pressure (DP) remained substantially elevated by 47 +/- 9 mm Hg if reperfusion was resumed with initial rate 10 ml/min. The gradual restoration of perfusion rate initiating from 2 or 4 ml/min was performed in other series, and was associated with slower but higher recovery of cardiac work and lower DP by the end of reperfusion. The similar result was observed when reperfusion was resumed with initial rate but a modified solution was used for first 5 min. In which Ca++ content was reduced while K+ and Mg++ elevated. In this case final recovery of cardiac work was 59 +/- 2% and DP completely returned to initial level. It is suggested that optimal reperfusion mode should be associated with slower work recovery. PMID- 3207871 TI - [Blood middle-molecule peptides as factors in the modification of the erythrocyte membrane in burns]. AB - The electrophoretic mobility (EM) and acid stability of erythrocytes were investigated during incubation in a middle-molecule peptide-containing medium and in burns of different severity. It was shown, that EM of erythrocytes markedly increased after thermal injury. Major part of MMP fractions produced the same effect during in vitro incubation. MMP also changed the erythrocyte stability to acid haemolytic. PMID- 3207872 TI - [The content of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the myocardium and liver of rats with various vitamin E allowances]. AB - After 2 month of feeding vitamin E-supplemented diet (100.6 and 0 mg/kg; group I control, II and III, respectively) the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (diene conjugates, malondialdehyde, Schiff's bases) and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) was estimated in rat heart and liver. Although the content of alpha-tocopherol in organs of group II was significantly decreased, the concentration of peroxidation products and enzyme activities was unchanged. Moreover, these parameters were constant in rat liver of group III. The heart was more sensitive because in group III to vitamin E deficiency (the alpha-tocopherol level was dropped fourfold) the concentration of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde was increased and superoxide dismutase activity was decreased. Thus insufficiency of vitamin E may result in selective alterations of myocardial functions. In addition, vitamin E may be useful instrument for correction of free radical oxidation and antioxidant system activity in the heart. PMID- 3207873 TI - [DNA damage and repair in human lymphocytes under the activation of molecular oxygen]. AB - It was shown that activation of molecular oxygen by Fe2+ in the presence of ascorbate is a caise of human lymphocyte DNA damage. The level of DNA damage caused by activation of oxygen is comparable with the effect of high doses of chemical mutagens. DNA damage is linked with action of activated oxygen but not with generation of lipid radicals. Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) added to lymphocytes prevents partly the damaging action of activated oxygen on DNA. PMID- 3207874 TI - [31P-NMR spectroscopy of the human liver and bile]. AB - High-resolution 31P-NMR is used for the estimation of phosphate-containing compounds levels in native bile of healthy subjects and patients with primary biliary liver cirrhosis and also in the liver biopsies of patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis. The results demonstrate the possibilities of rapid comparative estimation of the content of main phosphate-containing compounds in human bile and liver biopsies aimed at clinical diagnosis of liver and bile duct diseases. PMID- 3207875 TI - [Selective incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family in the diet into the cerebellar phospholipids of rats]. AB - TLC, GLC and GC-MS methods were applied for studying the fatty acid composition of rat cerebellum phospholipids. 75 male Wistar rats had a diet without fat for 6 weeks and then a diet with linseed oil, fish oil in combination with lard and mixture of sunflower oil with lard (control group) for 3 months; PUFA omega 6/omega 3 rations were 0.27; 0.5 and 45.0. PUFA omega 3 in all fractions were represented mainly by 22:6 omega 3 (0.2-12.0%) acid and its share depends on the total PUFA omega 3 amount in the diet. The absence of 18:3, 20:5 and 22:5 omega 3 in cerebellum lipids, fed in great amount with test diets, suggested that these acids are rapidly desaturated and elongated to 22:6 omega 3 at the blood-brain barrier. Established competitive inhibition of desaturases responsible for the synthesis of tissues PUFA omega 6 and omega 3 proves the expressed regulatory effect of alimentary factor on brain lipids. PMID- 3207876 TI - [Isothiobarbamine prevention of disorders of carbohydrate and oxygen metabolism and of the development of brain edema in the early period after an intracerebral hemorrhage]. AB - In experiments on cats after injection of isothiobarbamine intravenously (50 mg/kg) at 30 min, intracerebral hemorrhage prevented activation of brain glucose utilization, depression of brain oxygen utilization, surplus lactate accumulation in brain, early development of brain edema and death of cats. PMID- 3207877 TI - [The immunomodulating action of myelopeptides in hypoxic hypoxia in animals]. AB - It was observed that in animals which underwent a hypoxic stress by way of a 3 day exposition in the pressure chamber at an altitude of 7,000 m the immune response to sheep erythrocytes was decreased by 47 per cent. A two-three-fold decrease in the production of myelopeptides was noted in 24h after the exposition in the pressure chamber. PMID- 3207878 TI - [Effect of unilateral nephrectomy in mice on the level of the humoral immune response to T-independent antigen]. AB - The influence of unilateral nephrectomy on the degree of humoral immune response to T-independent (polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) and T-dependent (sheep red blood cells, SRBC) antigens was studied. The increase in the number in antibody-forming cells (AFC) and nonspecific immunoglobulin-forming cells (nIFC) was investigated by means of the adaptive transfer model. The lethally irradiated recipients were injected with the antigen and also the spleen cells of operated and intact donors. PVP did not induce significant alterations of antibody genesis in mice receiving spleen cells of unilaterally nephrectomized animals comparing with recipients of intact spleen cells. At the same time, the kidney operation induced the increase in the number of AFC and nIFC when the SRBC were used. Hence the activation of humoral immune response induced by kidney operation was related not to the direct activation of B-lymphocytes but to T-cells. The possible causes of this activation were analyzed. Spleen cells of operated animals enhance both specific and antigen-dependent nonspecific immune response. PMID- 3207879 TI - [Effect of bone marrow cells on colony-forming stromal cells in guinea pigs and on the proliferation of their cultured descendents]. AB - In the presence of irradiated bone marrow cells the efficiency of stromal colony formation increases from 0.8 +/- 0.2 to 3.6 +/- 0.4 per 10(4) explanted bone marrow cells. The growth-stimulating activity of bone marrow cells on passaged bone marrow fibroblasts depends on growth conditions of passages to which irradiated bone marrow cells are added. The response of proliferating bone marrow fibroblasts to stimulating activity of bone marrow cells is low, while addition of bone marrow cells to fibroblast cultures stimulates their proliferation. PMID- 3207880 TI - [The growth-stimulating action of the preparation Balis-2 on sympathetic ganglia in culture]. AB - The effect of Balis-2 drug on the growth and differentiation of nervous tissue was studied on organotypic culture of the sympathetic ganglia. It was established that this agent is able to stimulate fiber outgrowth from explant and increase mean value of the maximal magnitude of the zone of the growth by concentration 0.001% and 0.0001%. It was found that Balis-2 drug is able to increase the intensity of reaction by 1.8-2 times. It is suggested that Balis-2 drug can be used as a new neurotropic agent. PMID- 3207881 TI - [The cellular composition of the bronchoalveolar washing in experimental anthracosis]. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in albino random-bred adult male rats with pneumoconiosis. Fibrotic reaction in the lungs was induced by inhalation coal dust during 6 months. BAL comprised 90.9 +/- 1.2% of macrophages; 4.4 +/- 0.8% of neutrophils and 4.5 +/- 1.0% of lymphocytes. The total cell number in BAL was higher (over 59%) in animals with pneumoconiosis. The number of cells on alveolar surface of the lungs was also higher. Fibrotic reaction in the lungs is probably directly related with the increased number of vital macrophages in the lung. PMID- 3207882 TI - [Dynamics of the recovery of the structure and function of the sciatic nerve and skin receptors in reinnervation of the hindlimb of white rats]. AB - The dynamics of the structural and functional repair of nerve trunks and receptor endings in the rat foot skin was studied on the model of sutureless connection of the damaged nerve by and implanted arterial vessel. Neurohistological and neurophysiological methods were used to show that the anatomical repair of the nerve integrity, maturation of nerve fibers and formation of receptor endings preceded their functional restoration. Terms of myelinization of regenerating axons, their diameters and initial stages of the formation of receptors in the foot skin were established. The restoration of the skin receptor function was shown to occur within 11-13 months after operation. PMID- 3207883 TI - [Ways to prevent the calcification of heart valve bioprostheses]. AB - The influence of the method of preservation and application of medicinal preparation xydiphone on the process of calcification of xenograft bioprostheses in a classic model of subcutaneous implantation of bioprosthesis cusps in rats has been studied. It is estimated that fermentative processing does not influence the intensity of calcification, while the immobilization of heparin to tissue decreases the amount of calcium in implants 4.5 times. Combination of heparin immobilization with peroral administration of xydiphone results in summing up of the effects, decreasing the amount of calcium in experimental set of cusps up to the level of nonimplanted ones. PMID- 3207884 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the axons of the central nervous system in experimental amyotrophic leukospongiosis]. AB - Ultrastructural changes, various by their character and the degree of expression, have been found in axons of the spinal cord of guinea-pigs with amyotrophic leukospongiosis (AL) (a slow infection of the CNS). The dependence of the degree of degenerative changes on the disease duration is shown. Absorption of cellular debris by oligodendrocytes and astrocytes is noted. It seems that microglia does not participate in phagocytosis. The conclusion has been made that experimental AL is a convenient model for studying the mechanisms of death of the central axons and analysis of the glia cell function under the conditions of keeping the blood-brain barrier intact. PMID- 3207885 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of leproma cell cultures from humans and experimental animals and the effect on them of antileprotic preparations]. AB - Leproma pieces obtained from leprosy patients and M. leprae-infected animals were cultivated by the method of primary explantation. It is noted that the development of a monolayer from macrophages overloaded with M. leprae is a characteristic common to the lepromas of various origin. Antileprosy activity of the drugs under study was assessed by the rate of decrease in mycobacterial load of macrophages. Species features of cultivated lepromas from man, nine-banded armadillo and mouse are characterised. While cultivating lepromas from leprosy patients the peculiarities of tissue culture organization are found out representing immune status and prognosis of specific therapy. PMID- 3207886 TI - [The phenomenon of the accumulation of biological and nonbiological corpuscular particles in mammalian lungs]. AB - When injecting yeast, staphylococcus, polyacrolein microspheres, 3 microns in diameter, into the blood stream of white common rats, it was found that these tend to accumulate in the lumen of pulmonary capillaries, being disposed there in the cytoplasm of macrophages and neutrophils. PMID- 3207887 TI - [Electron microscopic study of various salts of proteoglycan aggregates]. AB - Chemically isolated preparations of acid and normal Mg2+, Ca2+-, and guanidine+ salts of cartilage proteoglycan aggregates were investigated by electron microscopy. Some differences between acid and normal salts depend on the amount, valency and distribution of basic ion as well as between carboxyl and sulphate groups. PMID- 3207888 TI - [Age-related changes in the amount and intensity of the fluorescence of small, intensely fluorescing cells in the autonomic ganglia of rats]. AB - The number and intensity of fluorescence of small, intensely fluorescent cells were measured on serial slices of main pelvic (MPG) ganglion and lumbar ganglia of sympathetic trunk (LG), treated by modified Falck method, on days 1, 7, 14, 28, and 26-30 months of age. The content of paraform-induced fluorescence increased with age of two weeks and later in SIF cells of MPG and LG. The number of SIF cells in LG decreased with age, while that of MPG increased. The growth of a number of SIF cells in MPG was detected in large clusters. PMID- 3207889 TI - [Effect of irradiation on the size of the mitochondria in rat cardiomyocytes]. AB - The paper presents the results of studies of the influence of radiation on the sizes of cardiomyocyte mitochondria in rats. Considering the established regularity of subordination of mitochondrial size distribution to the gamma-law on the cardiomyocyte mitochondria, one can judge presumably on their functional state by the variation in the mitochondrial size distribution. This conclusion is confirmed by the relationship between the redistribution of mitochondrial size and the biochemical parameters of their functional activities. It is recommended to evaluate morphometrically the variation in mitochondrial sizes in the course of computer-assisted microscopic investigation of cells for the purpose of assessment of morphological and functional properties of these cellular organellae and the cell as a whole. PMID- 3207890 TI - [Pathomorphology of the nodose ganglia of the vagus nerves in burns]. AB - Pathomorphology of ganglion nodosum was studied by means of neurohistological methods in 65 dead patients during different periods of burn disease and demonstrated a definite dynamic of structural modifications. In period of burn shock there were discovered dystrophic changes and necrosis of neuron separate groups, varicose thickness of a myelin sheath, in period of toxemia hypertrophied neurons with thick axons predominated, in period of septic toxemia and burn exhaustion predominated atrophic changes, necrotic neurons and grain-blockage disintegration of nervous fibres. PMID- 3207891 TI - In vivo recovery and half-life time of a steam-treated factor IX concentrate in hemophilia B patients. The influence of reagents and standards. AB - Factor IX (FIX) recovery and half-life was measured in ten hemophilia B patients under standardized conditions. Each patient received a steam-treated high-purity factor IX concentrate at a dose of 19-39 U/kg body weight. FIX activity was determined using a one-stage assay, which was calibrated against the international concentrate standard (reagents from Immuno, Heidelberg). The in vivo recovery ranged from 24% to 53% (mean value 37.7%) and the half disappearance time (HDT) from 8-30 h (mean 16.7 h). In four of the ten patients, the distribution and elimination half-lives were estimated and ranged from 0.3 h to 3.9 h (mean 1.4 h) and from 28.6 h to 39.7 h (mean 33.1 h), respectively. In six patients FIX was redetermined using a different FIX deficient plasma and a plasma standard (reagents from Merz & Dade, Munich, FRG). Recoveries and HDT based on the results obtained with this method were significantly higher (68.2% vs 39.7%; p less than 0.05), and longer (14.8 h vs 10.6 h; p less than 0.05), respectively. FIX activity was also measured by both assay systems in 100 healthy subjects (50 males, 50 females). The reagents from Immuno yielded a mean value of 0.77 U/ml, while the mean FIX activity utilizing standards and reagents from Merz & Dade was 1.11 U/ml (p less than 0.000001). The coefficient of correlation between the FIX activity measurements, as determined in 100 healthy subjects and 6 hemophilia B patients using the different test systems, was r = 0.9 (N = 159; y = 0.08 +/- 1.3* chi; p less than 0.001). Our data suggest that recovery and HDT of factor IX concentrate strongly depend on the assay and calibration conditions and that an international FIX activity plasma standard is urgently required. PMID- 3207892 TI - Experiences with the Ommaya reservoir for prophylaxis and treatment of the central nervous system in adult acute myelocytic leukemia. AB - Intraventricular chemotherapy was administered to adult AML patients via an Ommaya reservoir. Twenty-eight patients received central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis and seven patients were treated for meningeal leukemia (ML). A treatment course lasted at least 6 months. Asymptomatic ML developed in two patients (7%) of the prophylaxis group concomitantly with bone marrow relapse. One of these patients had not completed the standard course. CNS remission could be obtained in all evaluable patients with ML. The easy entrance to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) offers the advantage of frequent investigations of the CSF, early diagnosis and treatment of CNS relapses without radiotherapy, and caused little patient discomfort. CNS prophylaxis in this small study seemed to prolong first remission duration slightly. In M4 and M5 subtypes CNS prophylaxis can be valuable. PMID- 3207893 TI - Low dose cytosine arabinoside in refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation. AB - Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous diseases. Patients with blast counts of more than 20% of nucleated bone marrow cells have a high risk of short survival. We treated six patients with refractory anemia with excess of blast in transformation (RAEBiT) with low dose cytosine arabinoside (LD Ara-C). We had one partial remission (PR), surviving 16 weeks and two complete remissions (CR), surviving 22 and 55+ months. Myelosuppression was dominant in all patients, but was not as serious as with conventional remission-induction treatments for leukemias. Bone marrow aplasia occurred in all responding patients, but a differentiation effect is possible too. Maintenance therapy with LD Ara-C may be important for the two long-lasting CR. PMID- 3207894 TI - [Natural history and development of bone metastasis. Apropos of 429 cases]. AB - The records of 429 patients seen at the Centre Alexis-Vautrin in 1979 and 1980 with bony metastases were retrospectively reviewed to assess their natural history and survival. Breast was the location of primary lesion in 140 patients (32.6%), lung in 95 patients (22.1%) and prostate in 33 patients (7.7%). The primary tumor was of unknown origin in 42 cases (10.9%). The median survival from time of diagnosis was 5 months. Two and 5-year survival rates were 17.5 and 5.1% respectively. According to the nature of the primary tumor, 2 and 5-year survival periods for bony metastases were 36.4 and 7.9% in breast cancer, 33.3 and 15.2% in prostatic cancer, 4.3 and 2.1% in metastases of unknown origin, 2.1 and 0% in pulmonary carcinoma. Multivariate analysis revealed four factors to be of prognostic significance for survival: the nature of the primary tumor, the absence of local relapse, the disease-free interval and the absence of metastases in other sites. Patients with hormone-sensitive lesions or slowly-growing tumors had a better prognosis. PMID- 3207895 TI - [Treatment of hematologic diseases with alpha interferon]. AB - Since 1970, several trials conducted with natural alpha interferon have allowed the recognition of sensitive disorders to this new type of treatment. These studies are ongoing now with recombinant alpha interferons in hairy cell leukaemia, low grade lymphomas, myeloproliferative disorders and myeloma. PMID- 3207896 TI - [Contribution and limits of x-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating the extent of primary cancers of the bronchi]. AB - The authors report the contribution and the limits of CT and MRI in the thoracic and extrathoracic staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. From data of a personal study and of the literature, findings and performances of CT and MRI are reported and compared for the evaluation of mediastinal and parietal extension and in the detection of nodes and metastases. Their respective places and indications are underlined. PMID- 3207897 TI - An enzymatic method for the hydrolysis of urinary 1-naphthyl glucuronide. PMID- 3207898 TI - Comparative effects of chelating drugs on trace metal and biochemical alterations in the rat. PMID- 3207899 TI - 2,3-Dimercaptopropane-1-sodium sulfonate for reducing retention of ingested 203Hg in suckling rats. PMID- 3207900 TI - Mutagenicity of monocrotophos in mice. PMID- 3207901 TI - Metallothionein-like cadmium binding protein in rat testes administered with cadmium and selenium. PMID- 3207902 TI - Mercury in freshwater fish and clams from the Cerro Prieto geothermal field of Baja California, Mexico. PMID- 3207903 TI - Sensitivity of freshwater pulmonate snails, Lymnaea luteola L., to heavy metals. PMID- 3207904 TI - Uptake and distribution of copper sulphate and its effect on the respiration rate of the hemocyanin-producing freshwater snail Lymnaea natalensis. PMID- 3207905 TI - Influence of copper treatment on the immune response in an air-breathing teleost, Saccobranchus fossilis. PMID- 3207907 TI - Chronic toxicity of Hydrothol-191 to Ceriodaphnia dubia at 25 and 15 degrees C. PMID- 3207906 TI - Comparative sublethal ovarian pathology of some pesticides in the teleost, Puntius conchonius Hamilton. PMID- 3207908 TI - Effect of glyphosate (Roundup formulation) on periphytic algal photosynthesis. PMID- 3207909 TI - Microcomputer-based measurement of algal fluorescence as a potential indicator of environmental contamination. PMID- 3207910 TI - Effects of aldicarb on the biochemical composition of Rhizobium meliloti. PMID- 3207911 TI - Comparison of chemical biodegradation rates in BOD dilution and natural waters. PMID- 3207912 TI - Persistence of pirimiphos-methyl in stored potatoes. PMID- 3207913 TI - New diet for Ceriodaphnia dubia. PMID- 3207914 TI - [Correlative ontogenetic study of transverse variations in the premaxillary and symphyseal axes]. PMID- 3207915 TI - [The head of the human mandibular condyle (caput mandibulae): a skeletal unit or skeletal units?]. PMID- 3207916 TI - [A morphologic approach to the mobile oral and pharyngeal structures; a preliminary statistical study of a population of children presenting with a disorder of labiolingual behavior]. PMID- 3207917 TI - [Mandibular biometry in the norma axialis. A proposed architectural analysis and diagram]. PMID- 3207918 TI - [Symphyseo-premaxillary correlations in the norma lateralis]. PMID- 3207919 TI - [The mandibular symphysis. Its transverse variations during growth]. PMID- 3207920 TI - [The premaxilla. Its transverse variations during growth]. PMID- 3207921 TI - [Changes in the inferior dental artery in relation to age]. PMID- 3207922 TI - [An external aprismatic layer on temporary and permanent teeth]. PMID- 3207924 TI - Magic preservation: conservation and preservation of a dental library's research archival collection. PMID- 3207923 TI - Histology of the fissure contents in completely impacted teeth. PMID- 3207925 TI - Application of thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for determination of organophosphorus pesticides and trialkyl and triaryl phosphates. AB - The characterization of several organophosphorus compounds was achieved by utilizing positive and negative ion 'filament-on' thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. In the positive ion mode, the base peak was [M + NH4]+ for all the studied compounds, while in the negative ion mode the organophosphorus pesticides exhibited different fragmentation behaviour, such as electron capture, dissociative electron capture and anion attachment. The positive ion mode showed, for all the organophosphorus compounds, higher sensitivity than the negative ion mode. In the positive ion mode, detection limits at the low nanogram level were achieved for the trialkyl and triaryl phosphates, similar to gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization mass spectrometry with ammonia as reagent gas. The organophosphorus pesticides exhibited detection limits slightly lower than the phosphates, but with values similar to those previously observed in direct liquid introduction liquid chromatography/negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Applications of positive and negative ion analysis are reported for the determination of malathion in a fish sample. PMID- 3207926 TI - Identification by methane chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the products obtained by steam distillation and aqueous acid extraction of commercial Piper methysticum. AB - Bornyl cinnamate has been identified as a constituent of kava resin and of the steam distillate of Piper methysticum. 5-Hydroxydihydrokawain was identified in commercial samples of P. methysticum originating from Vanuatu provided an initial aqueous extraction was employed. Commercial preparations, and fresh samples of the root of this plant from Fiji, lacked this compound. Two previously described N-cinnamoyl pyrrolidine alkaloids were also observed along with stigmasterol in kava resin from Fiji and Vanuatu. The products derived from aqueous 2 M hydrochloric acid extraction of P. methysticum were determined from methane chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis which identified a series of hydroxylated compounds (15a-d) derived from formal decarbonylation of the parent kava lactones. The products (13a-c) of dehydration of these compounds were also observed. The efficiency of kava resin extraction from plant material by water (the traditional method of preparation of the kava beverage) was typically 5-10% of that recovered by direct extraction with an organic solvent. PMID- 3207927 TI - Biotransformation of 1-dehydrotestosterone in the equine male castrate: identification of the neutral unconjugated and glucuronic acid conjugated metabolites in horse urine. AB - The in vivo biotransformation of (1,2(n)-3H)1-dehydrotestosterone was studied in three equine male castrates and a number of neutral metabolites were identified in the urinary unconjugated and glucuronic acid conjugate fractions by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The metabolites were extracted from aliquots of the 0-24 h urine samples by Amberlite XAD-2 and separated into combined unconjugated plus glucuronic acid conjugated and sulphoconjugated fractions by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the glucuronides, the crude neutral unconjugated steroids plus the aglycones were partially purified by Kieselgel H chromatography and identified as their methyloxime trimethylsilyl derivatives. In the unconjugated fraction, the major metabolites were isomers of androsta-1,4-diene-6,16,17-triol-3-one. In the aglycone fraction a small amount of the parent steroid was present but the major metabolite was the 17 alpha isomer androsta-1,4-dien-17 alpha-ol-3-one. Other metabolites containing the 1,4-dien-3-one group were isomers of androsta-1,4 diene-16,17-diol-3-one and androsta-1,4-diene-6,16-diol-3-one. Reduction of the 4 ene functionality leading to the formation of 5-androst-1-en-16-ol-3,17-dione, 5 androst-1-ene-16,17-diol-3-one and of the 1-ene functionality leading to the formation of testosterone and its further reduction leading to the formation of C19O2 and C19O3 androstane metabolites was observed. Some interesting features on the electron impact fragmentations of the methyloxime trimethylsilyl derivatives of steroids containing a 1,4-dien-3-one group were also observed. PMID- 3207928 TI - Imaging analysis and selected sequence monitoring of small peptides using planar chromatography/secondary ion mass spectrometry. AB - Mixtures of enkephalins and bradykinins contained on silica gel thin-layer chromatograms were imaged by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Spatial profiles of the sample distribution in the chromatographic plane were determined using a precision manipulator that moves the sample into and out of the primary beam generated in a liquid metal gallium source. For instance, spatial profiles are conveniently measured by monitoring the protonated molecule [M + H]+ of each compound or, in a selected-sequence monitoring experiment, by monitoring a sequence ion common to the members of each peptide group. The latter experiment is useful for quick location and identification of a class of peptides separated by planar chromatography, including thin-layer chromatography and electrophoresis. PMID- 3207929 TI - A rapid liquid-solid extraction procedure for the quantification of clenbuterol in urine. PMID- 3207931 TI - Vectors: a survey of molecular cloning vectors and their uses. PMID- 3207930 TI - Quantitation of clenbuterol in biological fluids using ammonia CI and automated capillary GCMS. PMID- 3207932 TI - The alliance between research and clinical practice in drug dependence--wedlock or deadlock? PMID- 3207933 TI - Bridging the gap between the two cultures of alcoholism research and treatment. PMID- 3207934 TI - The Minnesota Model in the management of drug and alcohol dependency: miracle, method or myth? Part II. Evidence and conclusions. PMID- 3207935 TI - The opiate dependence syndrome: replication study using the SODQ in a New York clinic. PMID- 3207936 TI - Pathological gambling among youthful multiple substance abusers in a therapeutic community. PMID- 3207937 TI - Psychosocial characteristics of children of alcoholics. Proceedings of a symposium. June 1987, Philadelphia. PMID- 3207938 TI - Predicting alcoholism and personality disorder in a 33-year longitudinal study of children of alcoholics. PMID- 3207939 TI - Adult children of alcoholics: cognitive and psychomotor characteristics. PMID- 3207941 TI - A comparison of the home and social environments of children of alcoholic and non alcoholic parents. PMID- 3207940 TI - Deliberate family process: a strategy for protecting children of alcoholics. PMID- 3207942 TI - Depressive affect in school-aged children of alcoholics. PMID- 3207943 TI - Cognitive functioning in children from alcoholic and non-alcoholic families. PMID- 3207944 TI - Effect of human parathyroid hormone (PTH(1-34)) on experimental osteopenia of rats induced by ovariectomy. AB - The effect of human PTH(1-34) on the development of osteopenia induced by ovariectomy was investigated in immature female Sprague-Dawley rats. After the surgery, human PTH(1-34) was injected subcutaneously three times a week for 25 weeks. A reduction of serum calcium level and a tendency to increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity were seen in ovariectomized rats. The ovariectomized rat bones were characterized by reduction of dry weight, ash weight, calcium content and phosphorus content, but there was no change in length, volume and ash content in these bones. Human PTH(1-34) prevented the reduction of dry weight, ash weight, calcium content and phosphorus content dose dependently (1.5-6.0 micrograms/kg) in ovariectomized rats. It was concluded that pulsatile administration of human PTH(1-34) prevented the development of osteopenia induced by ovariectomy. PMID- 3207945 TI - A link between calcitriol and bone resorption. AB - Calcitriol exposure stimulated a human osteosarcoma cell line, U2-OS, to produce a factor(s) which stimulated bone degradation in human monocyte cultures and osteoclastic bone resorption in fetal rat long bone cultures. The factor(s) was elicited by as little as 10(-10) M calcitriol. The factor is effective in stimulating peripheral blood monocytes to degrade bone, suggesting a direct effect on cellular bone breakdown. The fetal long bone assays suggest that the osteoblast-like cells produce a factor(s) which stimulates osteoclasts. This is confirmed by the fact that human calcitonin added to the long bone cultures blocks the stimulation. The effect of PTH appears to be through the production of factors which stimulate osteoblasts. The present study suggests that a similar factor(s) may be responsible for the effect of calcitriol on bone resorption. PMID- 3207946 TI - Protein kinase activities in the parathyroid gland: proparathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone and secretory protein-I as substrates for phosphorylation. AB - We have identified two protein kinase activities in homogenates of bovine parathyroid tissue following fractionation on DEAE columns. One of these is a protein kinase C based upon its requirement for calcium and phosphatidylserine and the other one is probably M kinase. The protein kinase C phosphorylated both proparathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone but not secretory protein-I (SP I). Neither N [1-34] or C [35-84] terminal hormonal fragments were phosphorylated, suggesting that the structure of the intact PTH molecule is required for recognition by the enzyme. A second kinase activity behaving like M kinase was also obtained. This activity, which was not separable from a cAMP dependent kinase, was maximal with only 50 mM MgCl2 as cofactor. SP-I was readily phosphorylated by this activity but parathyroid hormone was not. PMID- 3207947 TI - Effect of calcium depletion on the rat parathyroids. AB - Stereological methods were used on the light- and electronmicroscopic levels to estimate total volumes and surfaces of secretory cells and organelles in normal and hypocalcemia-stimulated rat parathyroid glands. Weanling rats were given a diet containing 0.02% Ca. After 28 days they had severe hypocalcemia and about a two-fold increase of serum levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. The parathyroids were enlarged, mainly because of an increase of cytoplasmic volume of secretory cells. Volume and surface densities (fractions) of cells and organelles were, however, only moderately increased. But when expressed as absolute amounts, the volumes and surfaces of the cell components showed a substantial increase. The largest changes occurred in total volume of Golgi complex and total surface of endoplasmic reticulum, which both showed a more than two-fold increment. The present investigation provides quantitative histological data showing that pronounced hypocalcemic stimuli may cause an increase in the machinery involved in synthesis and processing of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 3207948 TI - Determination of galactosyl hydroxylysine in urine as a means for the identification of osteoporotic women. AB - A sensitive and specific method is proposed to follow bone collagen degradation. The procedure consists of the measurement of galactosyl hydroxylysine (GH) in urine by HPLC. The aim of the work is to assess the predictive values of the method for the identification of post-menopausal osteoporotic women. By assuming the value of 12 mumol/g creatinine as the threshold value, the sensitivity of the test is 87% and the specificity 60%. Individuals with a GH/creatinine ratio of 12 or below are not likely to be at risk of bone fractures: an equivalent predictive value is provided by the measurement of bone density by quantitative computed tomography. This biochemical method is however simple and not invasive and may be frequently repeated. PMID- 3207949 TI - Simulation of cellular compaction and internalization in mammalian embryo development--II. Models for spherical embryos. PMID- 3207950 TI - Computational simulation of activity of cortical-like neural systems. PMID- 3207951 TI - On the incompatibility of Gompertz or Weibull survival dynamics with exponentially distributed individual lifespans. PMID- 3207952 TI - Sequence comparison with concave weighting functions. PMID- 3207953 TI - Identifiability of DNA distribution from flow cytometric data with cell debris. PMID- 3207955 TI - Periodic band pattern as a dissipative structure in ion transport systems with cylindrical shape. PMID- 3207954 TI - Parameter-dependent transitions and the optimal control of dynamical diseases. PMID- 3207956 TI - Mathematical studies of capillary-tissue exchange. PMID- 3207957 TI - The chemically dependent dentist and Dr. Care. PMID- 3207958 TI - The venous territories of muscles: anatomical study and clinical implications. AB - The venous architecture of the muscles of the body was studied in 425 specimens obtained from four fresh cadavers after total body injection with a radio-opaque lead oxide mixture. In 40 muscles the site and orientation of the valves was identified with the operating microscope. The venous network of each muscle was compared with similar arterial studies. The venous territories in each muscle matched the arterial territories. Where arterial territories were linked with choke arteries the venous territories were linked by veins devoid of valves which allowed bidirectional flow--the "oscillating veins". Elsewhere the valves of adjacent territories were directed away from each other and towards their respective pedicles. These anatomical observations reinforce our angiosome concept. The muscles were classified into Type A, B and C where there were one, two or more territories respectively. When a skin paddle is designed distally on a Type B or C muscle its venous return at first must negotiate the anatomical obstruction of the valves of the distal muscle territory before reaching the safety of the oscillating veins and the venous territory of the drainage pedicle. Finally, afferent veins were noted entering many muscles from the superficial and deep tissues. This highlights the importance of the muscles in aiding venous return by their muscle pump action. PMID- 3207959 TI - Custom-made nipple-areola prostheses in breast reconstruction. AB - The nipple-areola prosthesis is a useful temporary or permanent adjunct to breast reconstruction. The commercially available prostheses, however, are unable to reflect the remarkable normal variation in this anatomical feature. We describe the production and use of custom-made prostheses using the remaining nipple areola complex as a template. Their success in 72 patients has led us to adopt such prostheses as routine in breast reconstruction. PMID- 3207960 TI - Aesthetic considerations related to repair of the bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. AB - A study of the changing configuration of the nose tip with age shows that the columella naturally takes a greater share of nose tip projection with increasing age. In the infant and small child, when most repairs are done, nose tip projection is due more to the alar dome component than to the columella. Over lengthening the columella at the expense of alar dome projection results in an unaesthetic nose at maturity. The nasal correction should be towards a normal proportion for age and attention must be paid to alar dome configuration. Where the inferior view shows a "tent tip" skyline, lateral crus advancement is required and can be achieved in asynchronous repairs by Pigott alar leapfrog at primary repair or by Potter V-Y advancement at the time of forked flap columella lengthening. The profile view of the nose and lip shows that the lip "drops" from a point about two-thirds of the way from nostril apex to alar base. A key stitch advancing the alar bases at the time of columella lengthening allows the philtral area to bow forwards as a prow so that it comes to lie in a normal relationship with the columella in the profile view. PMID- 3207961 TI - Complications in craniofacial surgery. AB - 200 consecutive patients undergoing craniofacial operations have been reviewed and the complications and problems encountered are reported. The complications were all among patients undergoing surgery in which intracranial exposure was used and the incidence was notably higher in some particular patient groups. Complications occurred in 22% of patients overall and the mortality rate was 1%. Complications in the 'disaster or life-threatening' category were seen in 9.5% of patients. Infection rate was low at 1%. PMID- 3207962 TI - A study to assess the effectiveness of a professional and lay support service for parents of new-born cleft babies. AB - Since 1981 the Leicestershire Support Service has offered a combination of professional and lay advice to parents of new-born cleft babies. This paper evaluates this service by interviewing retrospectively the parents of two groups of children, those born before the service was available and those born since. As a control group, a prospective study of parents with unclefted children was carried out. The strengths and weaknesses of the current Support Service are identified and recommendations for improvements are proposed. PMID- 3207963 TI - Reverse-flow anterior tibial flap type III. AB - A new anterior tibial flap has been designed. It is nourished by a single septocutaneous branch of the anterior tibial artery and its veins, running vertically through the anterior crural septum and appearing in the deep fascia of the lower half of the lower leg. This differs from the two other types of anterior tibial flap which have been reported and are nourished by different septocutaneous branches. We call our flap the anterior tibial flap type III in order to avoid confusion. We have applied it clinically in two cases as a reverse flow island flap, anastomosing one vena comitans to a superficial vein at the edge of the wound in order to avoid venous congestion. Both flaps survived well with no problems. PMID- 3207964 TI - L-shaped flap for triangular skin defects. AB - A modified transposition flap is described which is useful in closing triangular defects with sides of unequal length and avoids the unnecessary sacrifice of skin to tailor the defect to the flap. The technique is illustrated with four cases. PMID- 3207965 TI - The use of the anteromedial thigh fasciocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of the lower abdomen and inguinal region; a report of two cases. AB - The use of the anteromedial thigh fasciocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of the lower abdomen and inguinal region is described. If there is a dominant vessel supplying the anteromedial thigh flap, it can be raised as an island or a free flap. When there are only slender vessels in this area, a random pattern fasciocutaneous flap can safely be created with a fasciosubcutaneous pedicle. PMID- 3207966 TI - Free serratus anterior muscle transplantation for hand reconstruction. AB - Free transplantation of the serratus anterior muscle has allowed salvage or reconstruction of difficult hand injuries with advantages compared to traditional methods. Free muscle tissue adds vascularity to poorly vascularised and potentially infected wounds and allows hand elevation and early mobilisation. Dynamic reinnervation is possible with segmental preservation of the long thoracic nerve. The serratus anterior muscle is easily harvested and has a long, reliable vascular pedicle. It is thin, easily contoured to the defect and can be separated into its component slips. The muscle provides stable coverage when covered with a meshed split thickness skin graft. Scapular winging does not occur since only the lower two or three slips of muscle are used. The muscle has been used in 15 complex hand wounds, three within a week of revascularisation or digital replantation for hand salvage. Three dynamic muscle transfers were performed to restore thumb opposition with one simultaneous toe-to-thumb transplantation. PMID- 3207967 TI - Antibiotic sensitivities of Aeromonas hydrophila cultured from medicinal leeches. AB - Increased use of medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) for the treatment of venous congestion in flaps and replanted parts has coincided with reports of soft tissue infections following leech application. We cultured the gullets of 20 medicinal leeches to re-examine the antibiotic sensitivities of Aeromonas hydrophila, the leech enteric organism associated with reported infections. These isolates reflected reported resistance to penicillin and first generation cephalosporins as well as sensitivity to gentamicin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Additionally, the cultures were sensitive to cefamandol, cefoxitin and two third generation cephalosporins (cefoperazone and cefotaxime). These findings suggest that cefamandol, cefoxitin and some third generation cephalosporins may have a role as perioperative antibiotics in replantation and flap surgery. These antibiotics might provide prophylaxis against Aeromonas hydrophila infection when leech use is required. PMID- 3207968 TI - Repair of subglottic stenosis with a free perichondrial graft. AB - A case of tracheal stenosis was reconstructed, after trough formation, with a chondromucosal flap which was developed by submucous perichondrial grafting. At the first stage, a free perichondrial graft from the pinna was transplanted into the buccal submucosal layer. About 10 months later, when sufficient neocartilage had formed, the chondromucosal composite graft was transferred from the buccal region to the paratracheal subcutaneous region with the mucosa facing deeply. Finally, 4 weeks later the tracheal trough was closed with a composite rotation flap which incorporated the skin, neocartilage and mucosa. The postoperative course was uneventful and a wide tracheal lumen with a firm framework and mucous lining was confirmed by both fibrescopic and radiographic examination. PMID- 3207969 TI - Inelastic tape to treat problems of tissue expansion. PMID- 3207970 TI - Inhibitory effect of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine on the depolarization induced release of GABA from cerebral cortex. AB - 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine (THA) has an inhibitory effect on the activity of acetylcholinesterase which has led to its use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Other actions of THA include the inhibition of voltage-dependent ion channels. In this paper we describe the effect of THA on the depolarization induced release of [14C]-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from tissue slices of rat cerebral cortex. THA produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the 30 mM K+-evoked release of [14C]-GABA with an IC50 of 56 microM. The maximal response was an 84% inhibition of the evoked response. THA (up to a concentration of 1 mM) had no effect on the basal release of GABA. A similar inhibitory effect on the K+-evoked release of [14C]-GABA was seen with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) but no inhibition was obtained with tetraethylammonium up to a concentration of 20 mM. The maximal inhibitory effect of 4-AP (39%) occurred at 1 mM (IC50 of 112 microM) and this response was much smaller in magnitude than that obtained with THA. PMID- 3207971 TI - Effect of calcium and calmodulin antagonists on contractile responses of the human uterine artery. AB - 1. The dependence on extracellular calcium of contractile responses of intramyometrial arteries (0.5-2 mm diameter), as well as the effects of various types of calcium antagonists on these responses, were studied. Contractions were induced by K-depolarization (K) and noradrenaline (NA). 2. Whereas the K response was completely abolished in a calcium-free medium containing 2 mM LaCl3, the NA response was substantially maintained. 3. Nimodipine strongly inhibited the K response but had a relatively weak effect on the NA response; the IC50 values for the K and NA responses being 2 nM and 6 microM, respectively. Corresponding values for verapamil were about 0.7 and 10 microM. 4. Calmodulin antagonists, particularly trifluoperazine and flunarizine, caused a greater inhibition of the NA than of the K response. 5. These results indicate that besides the extracellular calcium which appears to be the major source of activator calcium, there is an intracellular pool of calcium which can be utilized to activate, albeit to a limited extent, drug-induced contractile responses. PMID- 3207972 TI - Phospholipase A2 induced airway hyperreactivity to cooling and acetylcholine in rat trachea: pharmacological modulation. AB - 1. Rat isolated tracheal smooth muscle preparations respond to phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and phospholipase C (PLC) with contractile responses of highly variable magnitudes. Rat tracheae exposed to PLA2 or PLC for a period of 10-30 min, exhibit airway hyperreactivity (AH) to cooling (10 degrees C), i.e., respond with strong contractile responses. Phospholipase D neither contracted rat tracheae nor induced AH to cooling. 2. PLA2-induced AH to cooling was dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+ in the physiological solution. 3. Verapamil, azelastine, diltiazem and TMB-8 (each 10 microM) significantly attenuated PLA2 induced AH. This effect was not shared by nifedipine (10 microM). 4. Bepridil (10 microM), a Ca2+ and calmodulin antagonist, also significantly attenuated AH induced by PLA2. 5. Indomethacin (a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor), AA-861 (a selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor), FPL 55712 (a leukotriene receptor antagonist), methysergide (a 5-hydroxytryptamine D-receptor antagonist) and pyrilamine (a histamine H1-receptor antagonist) exerted little or no effect on PLA2-induced AH to cooling. 6. Atropine significantly attenuated PLA2-induced AH suggesting the participation of acetylcholine. 7. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (an antioxidant; 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor) and BW 755C (an antioxidant; a dual inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase) significantly attenuated PLA2 induced AH to cooling. 8. In conclusion, these data show that PLA2 (an enzyme involved in the synthesis of Paf-acether, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, diacylglycerol, superoxide free radicals and lipid peroxides, etc.) induces AH to cooling and acetylcholine in rat trachea. The induction of AH to cooling is dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and is significantly attenuated by verapamil, diltiazem, bepridil, atropine and azelastine (an antiallergic/antiasthmatic drug). PMID- 3207973 TI - Electrophysiological effects of melperone on isolated rabbit heart muscles. AB - 1. Electrophysiological effects of melperone on isolated atrial and ventricular muscle preparations of the rabbit were studied by a conventional microelectrode technique. 2. Melperone (3.3 microM) prolonged the action potential duration and effective refractory period of the atrial preparations without affecting the maximum rate of depolarization (Vmax). These effects of melperone on action potential duration and effective refractory period were inhibited by a low potassium perfusate (2.7 mM). 3. A high concentration of melperone (16.6 microM) decreased Vmax of atrial preparations. In ventricular muscles, melperone at either concentration decreased Vmax, although the increase in action potential duration was greater than in the atrium. 4. Depression of Vmax of ventricular muscles by melperone was found to be augmented by an increase of stimulation frequency and drug concentration. 5. The rate of onset of rate-dependent block of Vmax in ventricle was increased with drug concentration and frequency of stimulation. However, the time constant of recovery from rate-dependent block was almost constant. The kinetics of rate-dependent block of Vmax by melperone were approximately similar to those of quinidine and disopyramide. Consequently it is concluded that melperone possesses class 1a antiarrhythmic activity as well as class 3 activity. PMID- 3207974 TI - Investigations into the origin of the high pressure neurological syndrome: the interaction between pressure, strychnine and 1,2-propandiols in the mouse. AB - 1. The effects of a variety of structural isomers of the centrally acting muscle relaxant mephenesin on the high pressure neurological syndrome have been investigated. Threshold pressures for the onset of the behavioural signs, tremors and convulsions, were established. The effects of these compounds on the response to pressure were also compared with their ability to antagonize the convulsive action of strychnine. 2. The dose-response relationships for strychnine and picrotoxin were investigated at fixed pressures. Additionally, the dose-response relationship of strychnine, in the presence of mephenesin, at pressure was investigated. 3. All the isomers of mephenesin protected against the effects of both pressure and strychnine. The relative potency was found to be identical with respect to both. Mephenesin was clearly the most effective; it raised the threshold pressure for tremors by 2.5 times, that for convulsions elicited by pressure by 1.5 and the ED50 for strychnine convulsions by 1.6 times. Strychnine was found to be strictly additive with pressure whereas picrotoxin exhibited gross deviations from additivity. Mephenesin ameliorated the combined effects of pressure and strychnine equally. 4. The marked dependence on structure of the anticonvulsant activity of the mephenesin isomers can be interpreted as evidence that pressure acts not by some general perturbation of the membranes of excitable cells but rather via some specific interaction. The finding that strychnine and pressure are strictly additive supports the idea of specificity and also indicates that they may share a common mechanism in the production of convulsions. By analogy with the established mechanism of action of strychnine, it is suggested that the hyperexcitability associated with pressure might arise from an action on glycine-mediated inhibitory processes. PMID- 3207975 TI - An investigation of the pharmacological response to vitamin K1 in the rabbit. AB - 1. The relationship between pharmacological response and disposition of a dose of vitamin K1 (10 mgkg-1, i.v.) in normal rabbits and in rabbits treated with the coumarin anticoagulant brodifacoum, has been studied. 2. High performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) with electrochemical detection (EC) was used to determine concentrations of vitamin K1 in plasma, whole liver homogenate, and liver microsomes. 3. After intravenous administration of vitamin K1, plasma concentrations of the vitamin declined in a tri-exponential fashion. There were no differences between the two groups over the first 24 h of the experiment. However, between 24 h and the end of the study, plasma concentrations of vitamin K1 in the presence of brodifacoum were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) below those of vehicle-treated rabbits. 4. Seventy-two hours after administration of vitamin K1, plasma concentrations of the vitamin were not different from normal. 5. Three hours after administration of vitamin K1, the concentrations of the vitamin in whole liver were 46.6 +/- 4.3 micrograms g-1 in the presence of brodifacoum, and 32.8 +/- 6.4 micrograms g-1 in the absence of brodifacoum; and were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) greater than normal (127.7 +/- 44.3 ng g-1). Likewise, microsomal concentrations of vitamin K1 (4.00 +/- 2.38 micrograms mg-1 protein, and 2.65 +/- 1.01 micrograms mg-1 protein, in the presence and absence of brodifacoum, respectively) were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) greater than normal (16.0 +/- 3.5 ng mg-1 protein). 6 In conclusion, there appears to be no direct effect of coumarins on clearance of vitamin K1 from either plasma or liver; the need for large doses of vitamin K1 during coumarin poisoning is due to a greatly increased requirement for the vitamin. PMID- 3207976 TI - Responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine evoked in the hemisected spinal cord of the neonate rat. AB - 1. Superfusion of isolated hemisected spinal cord from neonate rats with 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (10(-6) to 10(-3) M) evoked concentration-related depolarizations. The maximal depolarization elicited by a concentration of 10(-4) M was 1.0 +/- 0.1 mV (mean +/- s.e.mean, n = 30). Noradrenaline in a similar range of concentrations also elicited depolarizations. 2. The depolarizations probably originate in motoneurones as a result of direct interaction of the amines with these cells, since responses were unaltered by tetrodotoxin (10(-7) M) or Ca2+-free/Mg2+-rich medium. 3. 5-Carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT), S(+)-alpha methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (alpha-Me5-HT) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MeOT) evoked similar depolarizations to 5-HT. Tryptamine evoked depolarizations of smaller maximal amplitude. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, 8-hydroxy-2 (di-N-propylamino) tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT) and 5-methoxy-3-[1,2,3,6 tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl]-1-H-indole succinate (RU 24969) had no depolarizing action. 4. Concentration-response (CR) curves were determined for 5-HT, 5-CT, alpha-Me5-HT, 5-MeOT and tryptamine. The ED50 value for 5-HT was 20.5 +/- 1.2 microM. The equipotent molar ratios (EPMRs) for 5-CT and alpha-Me5-HT were close to unity, while 5-MeOT was approximately 3 times and tryptamine 13 to 14 times less potent than 5-HT. 5. The relative agonist potency of 5-HT with respect to other tryptamine analogues capable of depolarizing motoneurones was increased when 5-HT uptake was blocked by citalopram (10(-7) M). In the presence of citalopram, 5-HT was 2.7 times more potent than alpha-Me5-HT and 16.9 times more potent than 5-CT. The apparent order of potency was 5-HT greater than alpha-Me5 HT greater than 5-CT (greater than 5-MeOT much greater than tryptamine). 6. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline (5 x 10(-4) M), had no effect on depolarizations to 5-HT, 5-CT or alpha-Me5-HT. 7. Methiothepin, 1 alpha H, 3 alpha, 5H-tropan-3-yl-3,5-dichlorobenzoate methanesulphonate (MDL 72222) and [3 alpha-tropanyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid ester hydrochloride (ICS 205-930) had no effect on 5-HT depolarizations elicited in motoneurones. Ketanserin (0.75 x 10(-7) M to 10(-6) M) showed modest antagonistic action and depressed maximal response amplitude; the pIC50 was 6.5. 8. Methysergide (10-8 to 10- 7M) was a potent antagonist of responses to 5-HT. CR curves were displaced to the right and flattened in the presence of the antagonist. The pIC5o assessed from the effect on depolarizations evoked by 5-HT 1O-4M was 7.5. 9. It is concluded that 5-HT acts directly to depolarize mammalian spinal motoneurones through receptors that are also activated by 5-CT, alpha-MeS-HT and 5-MeOT and are blocked by methysergide. The receptor profile, although not 5-HT3-like, does not clearly coincide with that for either 5-HT1-like or 5-HT2 receptors. PMID- 3207977 TI - The competitive antagonistic effect of compounds from Mandevilla velutina on kinin-induced contractions of rat uterus and guinea-pig ileum in vitro. AB - 1. Pure non-peptide compounds obtained in crystal form from the crude extract of the plant Mandevilla velutina (Apocynaceae) were analysed for their antagonistic effects on rat uterine and guinea-pig smooth muscle contractions induced by bradykinin (Bk), lisyl-bradykinin (L-Bk), acetylcholine (ACh), oxytocin and histamine, in vitro. 2. Pre-incubation of rat uterine muscle with compounds MV 8608, MV 8609, MV 8610, MV 8611 and MV 8612 (5 to 40 micrograms ml-1) caused parallel and concentration-dependent rightward displacements of the Bk concentration-response curves (1 to 1000 nM). Schild plots of these data were linear (correlation close to 1) and yielded nominal pA2 values (g ml-1) of 5.7, 5.6, 5.4, 5.7 and 5.3, respectively. Compounds MV 8608, MV 8611 and MV 8612 (5 to 20 micrograms ml-1) also caused concentration-dependent and parallel displacements to the right of the concentration-response curve to L-Bk (1 to 10,000 nM). The Schild plots were linear and furnished nominal pA2 values (g ml 1) of 5.4, 5.8 and 5.1, respectively. With the exception of the antagonist effect of compound MV 8606 against Bk-induced contraction, all compounds behaved as simple competitive kinin antagonists since the calculated slopes were not different from unity. 3. In the guinea-pig ileum, both MV 8608 and MV 8612 (5 to 20 micrograms ml-1), produced concentration-dependent rightward displacements of the concentration-response curve to Bk (0.1 to 1000 nM) when the experiments were performed in the presence but not in the absence of atropine (2.5 microM). However, in contrast to the result obtained in the rat uterus, compound MV 8608 also caused a significant reduction of the maximal response to Bk. The Schild plot for compound MV 8612 was linear (correlation close to unity) and furnished a nominal pA2 value (g ml-1) of 5.3 and a slope not different from unity. 4. In rat uterine muscle, compounds MV 8608 and MV 8612 at concentrations producing marked rightward displacements of the kinin concentration-response curves (10 and 20 micrograms ml-1), did not influence the uterine contractile response to oxytocin or ACh, indicating some selectivity towards kinin receptors. Similarly, compound MV 8612 (10 and 20 ygml 1) did not interfere with the sensitivities or the maximal responses to ACh and histamine in the guinea-pig ileum, whereas compound MV 8608 (10 and 20ug ml-1) caused a slight reduction of ACh- and histamine induced maximal contractions, allied to decrease of the sensitivity to histamine at concentrations of 20pgml-1 or more. 5. These results extend our previous data, indicating the existence of several non-peptide compounds in the crude extract of Mandevilla velutina that act as simple, competitive, selective and reversible kinin receptor antagonists in the rat isolated uterus and guinea-pig ileum smooth muscle. PMID- 3207978 TI - The actions of neuropeptide Y and peptide YY on the hepatic arterial and portal vascular beds of the anaesthetized dog. AB - 1. The vascular actions of the two peptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) were compared with the transmitter noradrenaline (NA) on the arterial and portal vascular beds of the in situ liver of the anaesthetized dog. 2. The sole vascular response of the hepatic arterial vasculature to intra-arterial administration of either NPY or PYY was vasoconstriction; the duration of these responses was longer than that to NA. 3. The maximum hepatic arterial vasoconstrictor responses to PYY and to NPY were significantly different and they were both significantly less than the maximum to NA (P less than 0.001). 4. In contrast to its activity on the splenic arterial vasculature PYY was not more potent, on a molar basis, than NPY as an hepatic arterial vasoconstrictor agent. However, both peptides were significantly more potent than NA (P less than 0.005). 5. Neither peptide, when injected intraportally, caused any change in intrahepatic portal inflow resistance. 6. Both peptides when administered intraportally in doses which were free of systemic effects caused hepatic arterial vasoconstriction. PMID- 3207979 TI - Gastric motor responses elicited by vagal stimulation and purine compounds in the atropine-treated rabbit. AB - 1. The effects of vagal inhibitory stimulation and of purine compounds were studied in the rabbit stomach. 2. Gastric motility was assessed by the balloon method. Vagal nerves were electrically stimulated at the neck. Purine compounds were injected intra-arterially. 3. In the atropine-treated rabbit, vagal stimulation caused relaxant motor responses followed by a rebound contraction. 4. Among the purine compounds, only ADP and ATP caused relaxant motor responses similar to the effects of vagal inhibitory stimulation. However, the relaxation produced by ATP was more powerful than that due to ADP, especially at lower infusion rates. 5. Vagal inhibitory responses were recorded during and after infusion of ATP. When relaxation by ATP was fully developed, vagal inhibitory stimulation was ineffective. At the highest infusion rates of ATP, a depression of the vagal inhibitory motility was also observed after cessation of the infusion. 6. Relaxant responses to ATP and vagal inhibitory stimulation were not influenced by theophylline, scarcely affected by alpha,beta-methylene ATP, but were reduced or blocked by reactive blue 2. 7. The results are consistent with ATP being an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the stomach of the rabbit. PMID- 3207980 TI - Methylflavonolamine hydrochloride inhibits contractions induced by noradrenaline, calcium and potassium in rabbit isolated aortic strips. AB - 1. The effects of methylflavonolamine hydrochloride (4'-methyl-7-(2-hydroxy-3 isopropylamino-propoxy)-flavone hydrochloride, MFA) were investigated and compared with verapamil and papaverine on rabbit isolated aortic strips, which were contracted by noradrenaline, calcium and potassium. 2. Pre-incubation for 25 min with either MFA (0.03 to 0.2 mM) or papaverine (0.03 to 0.2 mM) induced non parallel and concentration-dependent rightward displacements of the curves to noradrenaline (0.00001 to 0.1 mM) with the maximal response depressed. The calculated pD2' values (mean +/- s.d.) were 3.89 +/- 0.15 for MFA and 3.93 +/- 0.05 for papaverine, respectively. Verapamil (0.03 to 0.2 mM) inhibited the contraction induced by noradrenaline in a competitive manner with a pA2 value of 5.91 +/- 0.83. 3. In depolarized aortic strips of the rabbit, prior exposure to MFA (0.03 to 0.3 mM) and papaverine (0.03 to 0.2 mM) shifted the cumulative curves to Ca2+ (0.003 to 100 mM) parallel to the right with the maximal responses depressed, pD'2 values being 3.88 +/- 0.05 and 3.89 +/- 0.13, respectively. Verapamil produced comparable inhibition of the contraction at much lower concentrations (30 to 300 nM). 4. MFA (0.03 and 0.1 mM) inhibited the contraction elicited by graded depolarization at a constant Ca2+ concentration with a pD'2 value of 4.09 +/- 0.07. 5. The present results show that MFA has some actions consistent with a calcium antagonist. It resembles papaverine more closely than verapamil. PMID- 3207981 TI - Protection of rat atrial myocardium against electrical, mechanical and structural aspects of injury caused by exposure in vitro to conditions of simulated ischaemia. AB - 1. Rat isolated and superfused atria were exposed for varying periods to a solution simulating the composition of extracellular fluid during myocardial ischaemia (SI). 2. Atria subjected to SI showed a loss of systolic contractile tension, a rise in diastolic tension, a shortening of electrical refractory periods, a slowing of action potential conduction velocity and disruption of the mitochondrial ultrastructure. All these features were reversible when the muscle was returned to normal superfusate. 3. Atria pretreated with a superfusate containing a calcium channel antagonist, a calmodulin inhibitor or an intracellular calcium antagonist showed fewer features of the response to SI than did controls. 4. Atria pretreated with a superfusate containing various non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents did not show identical responses to SI. Sulphinpyrazone protected against all features of the response to SI but ibuprofen, flurbiprofen and GP25671 (a metabolite of sulphinpyrazone) had little effect. Flufenamate, phenylbutazone and salicylate enhanced the responses to SI. PMID- 3207982 TI - Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of trans-diclofurime with different types of calcium antagonists in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. Trans-diclofurime has been shown to be a potent group II calcium antagonist in in vitro and in vivo test systems. In contrast to the dihydropyridines, group II calcium antagonists have a reduced propensity to cause reflex tachycardia due to well-balanced inhibitory effects in smooth muscle and heart. Since effects on autonomic reflexes are more reliably assessed in conscious animals, the cardiovascular effects of trans-diclofurime have been examined and compared to those of nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). 2. Each SHR had an indwelling catheter in the femoral artery to record mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) and a cannula in the femoral vein for drug infusion over 1 min. 3. Nifedipine (0.1-3.0 mumol kg 1 i.v.) caused dose-related falls in MAP accompanied by dose-related increases in HR. Trans-diclofurime and verapamil (0.3-3.0 mumol kg-1 i.v.) also caused dose related decreases in MAP, but significant tachycardia was only seen at 1.0 and 3.0 mumol kg-1. Trans-diclofurime (0.3 mumol kg-1) induced a significant fall in HR. Diltiazem (1.0-10.0 mumol kg-1 i.v.) induced dose-related falls in MAP, significant bradycardia was evident with 1.0 mumol kg-1 and tachycardia with 10 mumol kg-1. Trans-diclofurime and diltiazem induced less tachycardia than nifedipine and verapamil for equivalent falls in MAP. 4. These results suggest that trans-diclofurime is a potent antihypertensive agent in conscious SHR and, like diltiazem, the hypotensive effects are associated with less tachycardia than is usually apparent with calcium antagonists such as nifedipine or verapamil. S. The cardiovascular effects of trans-diclofurime in conscious SHR are those expected of a class II calcium antagonist and are consistent with its proposed mode of interaction with the diltiazem site in the calcium channel. PMID- 3207983 TI - Inhibitory actions of amoxapine, a tricyclic antidepressant agent, on electrophysiological properties of mammalian isolated cardiac preparations. AB - 1. The electrophysiological effects of amoxapine were examined in guinea-pig isolated papillary muscles and rabbit sinoatrial nodes using a conventional microelectrode technique. 2. In papillary muscles, amoxapine above 10 microM caused a dose-dependent decrease in the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) of the action potential and in the action potential amplitude (APA), whereas the action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) was significantly prolonged. For a decrease in Vmax, amoxapine produced a negative shift of the curve relating Vmax to the resting potential (Em) along the voltage axis to more negative membrane potentials. 3. Amoxapine also decreased Vmax and the overshoot potential of K+-depolarized slow action potentials of papillary muscle preparations. 4. In spontaneously beating sinoatrial node preparations, amoxapine above 3 microM reduced the heart rate, Vmax, APA and the slope of phase 4 depolarization in a dose-dependent manner. 5. It was concluded that amoxapine exerts inhibitory actions on fast- and slow-response fibres of the heart and these actions can be mainly explained by inhibition of both fast Na+ and slow Ca2+ channels. PMID- 3207984 TI - Dicyclomine discriminates between M1- and M2-muscarinic receptors in the guinea pig ileum. AB - 1. The affinity of the antagonist dicyclomine for subtypes of muscarinic receptors has been assessed in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation of the guinea-pig. 2. Dicyclomine had a high affinity (pA2 9.13) for the neuronal M1-receptor whose activation by pilocarpine causes an increase in acetylcholine release. Dicyclomine had a low affinity for both the prejunctional M2-receptor (pA2 7.61) mediating inhibition of the electrically-evoked acetylcholine release and the postjunctional M2-receptor (pA2 7.21). 3. It is concluded that dicyclomine distinguishes between M1- and M2-muscarinic receptors in functional experiments. PMID- 3207986 TI - Vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase: the basis for stereoselectivity of 4 hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant activity. AB - 1. The administration of S-warfarin (1 mg kg-1 i.v.) to rats that were pre-loaded 48 h before with tracer doses (6 micrograms) of 14C-labelled R- or S-warfarin caused the plasma levels of these compounds to increase. This is due to the substitution of the microsomal (vitamin K 2,3-epoxide (K0) reductase) bound R- or S-[14C]-warfarin by the unlabelled 4-hydroxycoumarin administered. The rate of reappearance was 3-4 fold higher for R- than for S-warfarin; t1/2 of release: 1.2 +/- 0.04 and 3.7 +/- 0.6 h, respectively. 2. Liver microsomes prepared from rats pretreated with R- or S-[14C]-warfarin, released these compounds only in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT; 10 mM). The rate of release was higher for R- than for S-warfarin-treated microsomes. 3. Liver microsomes treated in vitro with R- or S-acenocoumarol could be reactivated by DTT (10 mM). Reactivation was higher for the R- than for the S-acenocoumarol-treated microsomes. 4. The microsomal vitamin K0 reductase activity under 'normal' assay conditions ([DTT] = 2 mM) was as sensitive for R- as for S-4-hydroxycoumarins. At elevated DTT concentrations (= 42 mM) the rate of vitamin K0 conversion was about 1.5 fold higher in the presence of the R-isomers than in the presence of the S-isomers. For instance, at 2 mM DDT the reductase activities in the presence of 2.6 microM R- and S-warfarin were about 15% of control. At 42 mM DTT the activities were 90 and 65% of control, respectively. 5. In the in vitro experiments acenocoumarol appeared to be more potent than warfarin and phenprocoumon. 6. The following mechanism is proposed: vitamin K0 reductase becomes oxidized during substrate reduction. The oxidized (i.e. inactive) form binds equally to the R- and S enantiomers of 4- hydroxycoumarins. The attached (covalently bound?) coumarin is released by the reactivation (i.e. reduction) of the enzyme. However, the rate of reactivation is strongly attenuated by the attached coumarin. This effect is more pronounced for the S-configuration of the 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulants. PMID- 3207985 TI - The mechanism of action of calcium antagonists on arrhythmias in early myocardial ischaemia: studies with nifedipine and DHM9. AB - 1. Nifedipine and DHM9 (carboxymethyl methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3 nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate) were studied for their effects on arrhythmias resulting from regional myocardial ischaemia in conscious rats, and for their effects on left ventricular developed pressure in vitro. 2. Nifedipine possessed antiarrhythmic activity at a high dose of 10 mg kg-1 i.v., but not at 0.5 or 2 mg kg-1. Ventricular fibrillation (VF), tachycardia (VT), and ventricular premature beats (VPB) were all attenuated to a similar degree; nifedipine did not have a selectivity of action for high frequency arrhythmias. 3. Before coronary occlusion, the three doses of nifedipine reduced arterial blood pressure by a similar magnitude, indicating a similar (maximal) degree of systemic vasodilatation. The reductions in blood pressure were accompanied by reflex tachycardia. Heart rate and blood pressure did not correlate with the incidence or severity of arrhythmias. 4. DHM9 had no influence on arrhythmias, haemodynamic variables or the ECG, even at 20 mg kg-1 i.v. 5. Nifedipine concentration-dependently reduced contractility in perfused paced (5 Hz) rat ventricles in vitro. Raising the concentration of K+ in the perfusion fluid from 3 to 10 mequiv.l-1 increased the potency (-log10 EC50) of nifedipine up to four fold, and caused a significant depression in excitability. 6. DHM9 at up to 3 x 10(-5) M had no significant influence on ventricular contractility in vitro. 7. The results provided indirect evidence in support of the hypothesis that calcium antagonists inhibit ischaemia-induced arrhythmias by virtue of inhibition of the slow inward current (Isi) in the ischaemic ventricular myocardium. PMID- 3207987 TI - Purine receptors and guinea-pig trachea: evidence for a direct action of ATP. AB - 1. Adenosine (3-300 microM) and ATP (1-300 microM) each induced concentration dependent relaxation of guinea-pig isolated tracheal preparations that had been precontracted with methacholine. 2. Ectonucleotidase enzymes on the trachea dephosphorylated ATP to form adenosine which was then further metabolised to inosine and hypoxanthine. 3. Dipyridamole (2 microM) inhibited the metabolism of adenosine but did not inhibit the dephosphorylation of ATP. Nevertheless dipyridamole potentiated the effects of both adenosine and ATP in relaxing tracheal smooth muscle. 4. Although adenosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido] triphosphate (AMP-PNP), an analogue of ATP, was resistant to catabolism by ectonucleotidases, it was more potent at inducing relaxation than either ATP or adenosine, and was also potentiated by dipyridamole (2 microM). 5. Relaxations induced by ATP and by AMP-PNP were more rapid than those induced by adenosine. 6. We therefore conclude that the intact ATP molecule can itself induce relaxation of the guinea-pig trachea, without first having to be metabolised to adenosine, and furthermore that dipyridamole does not act simply by inhibiting the degradation (or uptake) of adenosine. PMID- 3207988 TI - Selective blockade by nifedipine of 'purinergic' rather than adrenergic nerve mediated vasopressor responses in the pithed rat. AB - 1. Nifedipine can attenuate pressor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation both in the presence and in the absence of alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents. 2. In the presence of alpha,beta-methylene ATP, nifedipine produces only a small attenuation of the vasopressor response. 3. Nifedipine attenuates the vasopressor response produced by intravenous bolus administration of alpha,beta-methylene ATP. 4. The results suggest that the purinergic component of the vasopressor response to stimulation of the sympathetic outflow in the rat is subject to blockade by nifedipine, whereas the alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated response to co transmitter noradrenaline is relatively resistant. PMID- 3207989 TI - Secretory effects of kinins on colonic epithelium in relation to prostaglandins released from cells of the lamina propria. AB - 1. Sheets of muscle-stripped rat and rabbit colon with epithelium intact or removed were mounted in Ussing-type chambers for recording of transepithelial p.d., resistance and short circuit current (Isc), and measurement by radioimmunoassay (RIA) of the release of prostaglandins into serosal and mucosal bathing solutions. 2. In epithelial-intact preparations prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGE1, PGF2 alpha, U46619 and prostacyclin (10(-7)-10(-6) M) caused increases in Isc and transepithelial p.d., in (approximate) descending order of potency. Epithelial-removed preparations did not exhibit any transepithelial p.d. 3. In epithelial-intact preparations, lysyl-bradykinin (LBk) applied serosally but not mucosally caused increased p.d. and release of PGE2 (and to a lesser extent other prostaglandins) into serosal but not mucosal bathing solutions. In epithelial removed tissues, responsiveness to LBk was maintained, but it did not exhibit 'sidedness', i.e. LBk was effective when applied on either side and PGE2 release occurred into both compartments. 4. Indomethacin and other non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) abolished the LBk-induced p.d. and reduced PGE2 release if applied serosally but not mucosally in epithelial-intact preparations. In epithelial-removed tissues, indomethacin added to either side abolished prostaglandin release into both compartments. 5. Calcium removal from serosal but not mucosal bathing solution (Ca2+-free EGTA Krebs) abolished p.d. generation by LBk in epithelial-intact preparations, and reduced PGE2 release in rabbit but not rat colon. Similarly, in epithelial-removed preparations, calcium removal did not affect kinin-induced PGE2 generation in rat but strongly attenuated it in rabbit colon. 6. We conclude that (i) kinins activate the arachidonate cascade principally by interactions with cells in the subepithelial (lamina propria) layer, rather than with the epithelial cells themselves, (ii) PGE2 contributes substantially to the kinin-induced increase of transepithelial p.d. as a messenger released from kinin-responsive subepithelial cells and acting on the basolateral pole of the epithelial cells, (iii) the apparent sidedness of colonic epithelium in terms of responses to kinins, NSAIDs and calcium removal is due to the barrier properties of the epithelial cell layer, and (iv) there are differences in calcium sequestration and apparent calcium dependence of prostaglandin biosynthesis between rat and rabbit colonic subepithelial cells. PMID- 3207990 TI - Cardioprotective actions of human superoxide dismutase in two reperfusion models of myocardial ischaemia in the rat. AB - 1. In rats under ether anaesthesia, the left coronary artery was ligated and reperfused after 10 min of ischaemia. Forty-eight hours later the myocardium was analyzed for creatine kinase (CK) activity. 2. Human superoxide dismutase (h-SOD) given 1 min after occlusion and again 6 h later significantly improved survival and retarded the loss of myocardial CK. 3. In rat isolated hearts perfused at 15% of normal flow for 30 min followed by re-establishment of normal flow for 20 min, perfusion pressure increased by 72% and myocardial CK decreased by 44%. No significant changes occurred in wet-to-dry heart weight ratio. 4. Administration of h-SOD at 2.5 or 5.0 mg, significantly attenuated the elevated post-ischaemic perfusion pressure and the loss of myocardial CK activity in rat perfused hearts. 5. h-SOD appears to be an effective anti-ischaemic agent in the intact animal as well as the isolated perfused heart of the rat subjected to low flow followed by reperfusion at normal flow. The mechanism of this cardioprotective effect is not totally dependent upon the formed elements of the blood, but may be partially due to a direct cytoprotective effect. PMID- 3207991 TI - Evaluation of the potassium channel activator cromakalim (BRL 34915) as a bronchodilator in the guinea-pig: comparison with nifedipine. AB - 1. The potential of the potassium channel activator, cromakalim (BRL 34915), as a bronchodilator has been evaluated in guinea-pig models in comparison with nifedipine. Some effects of the compounds on guinea-pig tracheal spirals have been studied in an attempt to elucidate their different efficacies in vivo. 2. When given by the intraduodenal route to anaesthetized guinea-pigs, cromakalim (3 and 10 mg kg-1) inhibited 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced bronchospasm for at least 60 min. When given by the i.v. route, the dose of cromakalim producing 50% inhibition of the 5-HT response was 84 micrograms kg-1. Nifedipine failed to show any protective effect up to 100 micrograms kg-1, i.v. and was lethal at higher dose levels. 3. Cromakalim protected conscious guinea-pigs from asphyxic collapse in response to histamine aerosol. The maximal effect occurred 60 min following oral dosing, with 2.5 mg kg-1 providing complete protection for almost half of the animals. Nifedipine had only a weak protective effect even at a high dose level of 50 mg kg-1, p.o. 4. Cromakalim prolonged the time before convulsive cough in response to an antigen challenge in actively sensitized guinea-pigs. Its minimum protective dose was 1 mg kg-1, p.o. Nifedipine (50 mg kg-1, p.o.) was ineffective. 5. Cromakalim inhibited both spontaneous and prostaglandin E2 induced tone in guinea-pig isolated tracheal spirals with IC50 values, relative to the maximum inhibition achieved by isoprenaline (10(-3)M), of 1.1 x 10(-6)M and 8.9 x 10(-7)M, respectively. Its maximal effect was 89% of that produced by isoprenaline. Removal of the epithelium did not influence its activity. Studies using the two enantiomers showed that the activity of cromakalim resided almost entirely in the (-)-enantiomer. 6. Nifedipine (2 x 10-SM) achieved only 49% of the relaxant effect of 10 -3M isoprenaline in isolated tracheal spirals. Addition of cromakalim (10- 5 M) at the end of the nifedipine concentrationresponse experiment caused further relaxation to 94% of the effect of isoprenaline. 7. It is concluded that cromakalim has greater potential than nifedipine as a bronchodilator. It appears that opening of potassium channels, with consequent hyperpolarization and stabilization of the membrane potential, prevents calcium entering the cytosol through routes that are unaffected by calcium entry blockers. PMID- 3207992 TI - Effects of calcium channel antagonists and facilitators on beating of primary cultures of embryonic chick heart cells. AB - 1. Primary aggregate cultures of embryonic chick heart have been used to investigate the effects of calcium channel antagonists and facilitators on myocardial contractility. 2. The number of aggregates showing movement was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by calcium antagonists from different subgroups with negative log concentrations inhibiting movement in 50% of aggregates as follows: Class 1-nisoldipine (7.20); Class 2-verapamil (6.36), diltiazem (5.83); Class 3-lidoflazine (5.68), pimozide (6.25). 3. The effects of the dihydropyridine facilitators Bay K 8644 and CGP 28392 on aggregate beating were investigated by evaluating the interaction between calcium channel facilitators and antagonists from the three subgroups of calcium antagonists. Concentrations of antagonists that inhibited beating in 85% of aggregates were used. Both Bay K 8644 and CGP 28392 reversed nisoldipine-, diltiazem- or verapamil-induced inhibition of beating. 4. Bay K 8644 was approximately 10 times more potent than CGP 28392 in reversing nisoldipine-, diltiazem- or verapamil induced inhibition of beating. 5. For each facilitator the concentrations causing 50% reversal of inhibition of aggregate beating against the three antagonists were similar. There was little evidence for differential modulation by verapamil or diltiazem of the action of the dihydropyridine facilitators. 6. Bay K 8644 did not reverse lidoflazine- or pimozide-induced inhibition of beating, indicating that these drugs may act at a site distinct from the dihydropyridine site on the calcium channel. PMID- 3207993 TI - Studies of the effects of subacute treatment with N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-19 isopentylnororvinol (M320) on timing of parturition in the rat. AB - 1. Administration of 10 micrograms kg-1 of the long lasting potent kappa- and weaker mu-opioid agonist N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-19-isopentylnororvinol (M320) twice daily from day 20 of gestation prolonged the internal gestation period of the rat and retarded the development of the offspring in the perinatal period. 2. The capacities of myometrial, placental and cervical tissues to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were not affected by M320 treatment. 3. During the period in which parturition normally occurred in saline-treated rats, foetal pituitary levels of immunoreactive oxytocin (ir-OXY) but not immunoreactive arginine vasopressin (ir-AVP) were greater in M320-compared to saline-treated animals. Following the completion of parturition, foetal pituitary ir-OXY and ir-AVP levels continued to rise in saline-treated rats, but fell dramatically in rats treated subacutely with M320. 4. These data indicate that subacute treatment with M320 may inhibit foetal oxytocin release at term. This foetal OXY release may be a stimulus for the initiation of labour. PMID- 3207994 TI - Flunarizine inhibits endothelium-dependent hypoxic facilitation in canine coronary arteries through an action on vascular smooth muscle. AB - 1. Hypoxia augments contractile responses to several vasoactive agents in canine isolated coronary arteries with intact endothelium. Calcium antagonists inhibit the further increases in tension caused by hypoxia. The present experiments were designed to determine whether the calcium-antagonist flunarizine would inhibit hypoxic contractions in isolated blood vessels through an action on the endothelium or on the vascular smooth muscle. 2. Rings of canine coronary arteries, with or without endothelium, were suspended at optimal length for isometric tension recording in organ chambers filled with modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution. 3. Hypoxia (95% N2 and 5% CO2) augmented contractile responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha (2 x 10(-6) M); removal of the endothelium abolished this hypoxic facilitation. 4. Flunarizine (5 x 10(-5)-5 x 10(-7) M) exerted a long-lasting inhibition of the hypoxic facilitation in a concentration dependent manner. Flunarizine did not inhibit the response to prostaglandin F2 alpha. 5. To differentiate between the response of smooth muscle and the endothelium, strips of coronary arteries without endothelium were layered with strips with or without endothelium. Hypoxia augmented contractions only in layered preparations with endothelium. Flunarizine prevented the hypoxic contractions in layered preparations in which only the smooth muscle was treated with flunarizine. In contrast, when only the endothelium was treated, no or minimal inhibition of the hypoxic contraction occurred with flunarizine (10(-5) and 5 x 10(-5) M, respectively). 6. These experiments indicate that the calcium antagonist flunarizine inhibits endothelium-dependent hypoxic facilitation in canine coronary arteries primarily through its action on vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 3207995 TI - Development before and after hatching of non-cholinergic excitatory innervation to the rectum via Remak's nerve in the fowl. AB - 1. Development of the excitatory innervation to the rectal region of the intestine via Remak's nerve has been investigated in the rectum with Remak's nerve supply isolated from chicken embryos and young chicks aged less than two weeks. 2. Electrical stimulation of Remak's nerve produced a small contraction of the rectum isolated from chicken embryos on the 14th day of incubation (the earliest time examined). The contractile response was inhibited partially or totally by atropine (0.1 micrograms ml-1) but enhanced by physostigmine (0.01 to 0.05 micrograms ml-1), indicating its cholinergic nature. 3. During the embryonic stage, the proportion of the atropine-resistant component in the contractile response increased, and the contractile response became almost entirely atropine resistant within the first week after hatching. 4. Later after hatching, the contractile response was increased in magnitude by atropine and reduced by physostigmine. 5. It is concluded that the excitatory innervation to the chicken rectum via Remak's nerve is cholinergic at the 14-16th day of incubation and is gradually replaced by a non-cholinergic innervation during embryonic development. PMID- 3207996 TI - Structural requirements of alloxan and ninhydrin for glucokinase inhibition and of glucose for protection against inhibition. AB - 1. In order to elucidate the mechanism underlying the interactions between glucose and alloxan when competing for the sugar binding site of glucokinase from pancreatic B-cells or liver, the structural requirements of the enzyme for inhibition by alloxan and for protection by glucose were determined. 2. With a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 5 microM, alloxan was the most potent pyrimidine derivative inhibitor of glucokinase. Uramil was a less potent enzyme inhibitor. A variety of other pyrimidine derivatives and related substances were ineffective. 3. Ninhydrin also inhibited glucokinase with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 5 microM. Isatin was a slightly less potent enzyme inhibitor. Several other indoline derivatives were ineffective. 4. Only glucose derivatives with a sufficiently bulky substituent in position C-2, such as the glucokinase substrates glucose and mannose and the inhibitors mannoheptulose, glucosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine, protected glucokinase against inhibition by alloxan by binding to the active site of the enzyme. Glucose epimers which differed in other positions did not protect the enzyme against alloxan inhibition. 5. DTT (dithiothreitol) protected glucokinase against inhibition by alloxan and reversed the inhibition of the enzyme induced by alloxan. Thus the mechanism of glucokinase inhibition by alloxan and other inhibitors, such as uramil and ninhydrin, is an oxidation of functionally essential SH groups of the enzyme, where the most reactive keto group of the inhibitor acts as the hydrogen acceptor. The protective action of glucose and several C-2 epimers demonstrates that these functionally essential SH groups are situated in the sugar binding site of the glucokinase. 6. The present results support our contention, that the pancreatic B-cell glucokinase is the major target mediating the inhibition of insulin secretion by alloxan. PMID- 3207997 TI - The mode of inotropic action of ciguatoxin on guinea-pig cardiac muscle. AB - 1. Ciguatoxin (CTX) caused a dose-dependent increase in the contractile force of the guinea-pig isolated left atria at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 ng ml 1 with the ED50 value of 0.5 ng ml-1. 2. In the atria, tetrodotoxin (5 x 10(-7) M) inhibited markedly the inotropic action of CTX. The inotropic effect of CTX at low concentrations was abolished by practolol (10(-5) M) and reserpine (2 mg kg-1 daily, for 3 days), whereas that of CTX at high concentrations was partially inhibited by both drugs. 3. In single atrial cells, CTX (3 ng ml-1) produced a marked increase in the amplitude of longitudinal contractions. 4. CTX (3 ng ml-1) caused marked prolongation in the falling phase of action potentials of atrial strips without affecting the maximum rate of rise of action potentials and membrane resting potentials. The effect of CTX on action potentials was abolished by tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M). 5. The whole-cell patch-clamp experiments on myocytes revealed that CTX (20 ng ml-1) shifted the current-voltage curve of Na inward currents by 40 mV in the negative direction. CTX caused a small sustained Na inward current even at resting membrane potentials. 6. These results suggest that the inotropic action of lower concentrations of CTX is primarily due to an indirect action via noradrenaline release, whereas that of higher concentrations is caused not only by an indirect action but also by a direct action on voltage dependent Na channels of cardiac muscle. It is also suggested that CTX activates cardiac muscle Na channels by modifying the voltage-dependence of channel activation to increase Na inward currents, thus producing cardiotonic actions. PMID- 3207998 TI - Enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria following prolonged in vivo treatment with imipramine. AB - 1. Effects of prolonged in vivo administration of the tricyclic antidepressant drug imipramine on oxidative energy metabolism in rat liver mitochondria were examined. 2. Imipramine treatment resulted in an increase in state 3 respiration rates with all the substrates tested as early as one week after treatment; this was sustained through the second week of treatment. 3. The changes in respiration rates were accompanied by a selective increase in the intramitochondrial cytochrome aa3 and c + c1 contents after both one and two weeks of treatment. 4. Administration of imipramine did not alter the total liver protein content per g tissue, the mitochondrial protein content per g tissue or the mitochondrial yield. 5. Kinetic analyses of succinoxidase activity in terms of Arrhenius plots indicated possible alterations in mitochondrial membrane lipid milieu and membrane fluidity after the drug treatment, especially in the second week. PMID- 3208000 TI - What's in a face? The case of autism. AB - Groups of verbal MA-matched autistic and non-autistic retarded adolescents and young adults were tested for their ability to recognize emotion and personal identity in photographed faces and parts of faces. The tasks were to match expressions of emotion across different individuals, and to identify unfamiliar individuals despite changes in emotional expression. Faces were also presented upside-down. The results indicated a specific abnormality in the way autistic individuals perceive emotion, and possibly sex, in people's faces. In addition, however, autistic subjects' superior ability in matching upside-down faces suggested a more far-reaching abnormality in their perception of faces. PMID- 3207999 TI - Centrally acting hypotensive agents with affinity for 5-HT1A binding sites inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in calf hippocampus. AB - 1. A number of centrally acting hypotensive agents and other ligands with high affinity for 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) recognition sites have been tested on forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in calf hippocampus, a functional model for 5-HT1A-receptors. 2. Concentration-dependent inhibition of forskolin stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was elicited by the reference 5-HT1 receptor agonists (mean EC50 value, nM): 5-HT (22), 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5 CT, 3.2), 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 8.6), N,N-dipropyl 5-carboxamidotryptamine (DP-5-CT, 2.3), 1-[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]-4-(3 trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine (PAPP or LY 165163, 20), 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6 tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H indole (RU 24969, 20), buspirone (65) and ipsapirone (56). Emax amounted to 18-20% inhibition for all but the latter two agonists (14%). 3. The following hypotensive agents with high affinity for 5-HT1A sites were potent agonists in this system (mean EC50 value, nM): flesinoxan (24), indorenate (99), erythro-1-(1-[2-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-4 piperidyl )- 2-benzimidazolinone (R 28935, 2.5), urapidil (390) and 5-methyl urapidil (3.5). The first two agents were full agonists, whereas the latter three acted as partial agonists with 60-80% efficacy. 4. Metergoline and methysergide behaved as full agonists and cyanopindolol as a partial agonist with low efficacy. Spiroxatrine and 2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxyethyl)aminomethyl- 1,4 benzodioxane (WB 4101) which bind to 5-HT1A sites with nanomolar affinity, were agonists and inhibited potently forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase in calf hippocampus, showing mean EC50 values of 23 and 15 nM, respectively. Spiroxatrine and WB 4101 yielded 90% and 50% efficacy, respectively. 5. Spiperone and methiothepin (each 1 microM) caused rightward shifts of the concentration-effect curve to 8-OH-DPAT, without loss of the maximal effect, as did the partial agonist cyanopindolol (0.1 microM) and the (-)- and (+)-enantiomers of pindolol (1 microM and 0.1 mM, respectively). 6. There was an excellent correlation (r = 0.90, P = 0.0001) between the pEC50 values (ranging from 6.4 to 8.7) of the 19 agonists tested at adenylate cyclase and their pKD for 5-HT1A recognition sites. Apparent pKB values of antagonists at adenylate cyclase and their pKD values for 5-HT1A binding sites were also significantly correlated. 7. This study further indicates that the 5-HT1A recognition site and the 5-HT receptor mediating inhibition of adenylate cyclase in hippocampus are the same. The data show that a number of centrally acting hypotensive agents with high affinity for the 5-HT1,A site are potent agonists in this model, suggesting an involvement of central 5 HTIA-receptors in the control of blood pressure. PMID- 3208001 TI - The visual processor module and normal adult readers. AB - Four experiments are reported which investigated the nature of the code used by normal adult readers in nominal matches. It was established that the code is not a name code but a non-visual, non-phonological, case-independent, font independent, abstract representation: the abstract letter identity code. As nominal matches were found to be impaired when stimuli contained reversible letters from the set (Bb, Dd, Pp, Qq) it is argued that the visual processor must contain a component for checking the orientation of these letters prior to ALI assignment. Results are consistent with the theory that the ALI code is the code generated in the visual processor for use in direct lexical access. It is suggested that the four experiments might be useful in the diagnosis of any possible visual processor malfunction in impaired readers. PMID- 3208002 TI - Cognitive profiles of groups of poor readers and dyslexic children on the British Ability Scales. AB - Two samples of children with reading difficulties--145 poor readers and 121 dyslexic children--were tested on the British Ability Scales (BAS). The poor readers were classified, using Rutter & Yule's (1975) criteria, into children with specific reading retardation and general reading backwardness. These children's profiles of scores on the BAS were also entered into a cluster analysis which provided some confirmation of the validity of the Rutter & Yule classification. The BAS scores of the dyslexic children were also entered into a cluster analysis. Three groups were identified: 30 with mixed visuo-spatial and linguistic processing problems, 52 with sequential processing problems, and 39 with problems in the holistic retrieval of information. It was concluded that the data lend support to the view that children with specific reading retardation, and dyslexic children in particular, are not homogeneous in their cognitive profiles. Finally, each group identified above was analysed for fit to the Lawson & Inglis (1985) principal components model of learning disability. The fit to the model for most groups was poor. It was concluded that a model which implicates left hemisphere aetiology for all LD children is inadequate. Some benefit, however, is likely to accrue from the more rigorous definition of specific subtypes, and in this endeavour the BAS appear to offer a useful advance in such assessment and identification. PMID- 3208003 TI - Fast magnetic resonance imaging of intracerebral metastatic disease. AB - The appearance of intracerebral metastases imaged with a multi-slice fast imaging sequence (FLASH) is described. Images were obtained using a Siemens 2.0 T Magnetom operating at 1.5 T. Results of the FLASH imaging sequence at different values of repetition time, different values of "flip angle" and different numbers of acquisitions are described both qualitatively and quantitatively. At low flip angles, both tumour and oedema appear brighter than surrounding white matter. Increasing the flip angle tends to make oedema brighter than both tumour and white matter and increasing the flip angle still further makes tumour and oedema darker than white matter. A major limitation of this technique is that the low flip angle images, in particular, suffer from low signal-to-noise ratios. High flip angle FLASH images have higher signal-to-noise ratios but show similar contrast behaviour to T1-weighted spin-echo images and are likely to be no better as a screening sequence for intracerebral metastases. All the FLASH sequences showed a sensitivity to changes in magnetic susceptibility. This made small intratumoral haemorrhages and basal ganglia "calcification" easier to detect than on spin-echo images but also caused susceptibility artefacts in images around the base of the skull. PMID- 3208004 TI - Percutaneous extraction of centrally embolized foreign bodies: a report of 16 cases. AB - Sixteen cases of centrally embolized foreign bodies are reported (eight catheter fragments, two guide wires, four pacemaker electrodes, one ventriculo-atrial shunt, one Port-A-Cath catheter). In all patients only the Dormia basket was used. Foreign body extraction was successful in all patients except one, in which removal of a pacemaker electrode from the myocardium failed. Technical aspects as well as complications of percutaneous foreign body extraction are discussed. PMID- 3208005 TI - The role of lymphography in chylothorax following thoracic surgery. AB - Lymphography was used to investigate nine patients who presented with chylothorax after surgery of the thorax. Leakage of the lipiodol was identified from the thoracic duct in six patients and from tributaries of the thoracic duct in two patients. There was complete occlusion of the thoracic duct at the site of injury in two patients but leakage could not be visualized at the time of the procedure. The different methods of treatment of chylothorax and the influence of the lymphographic findings on management are discussed. PMID- 3208006 TI - The last illness factor: a District experience. AB - The term "last illness factor" is used to indicate the proportion of diagnostic X ray exposure which occurs in the patient's last illness. An assessment was made of this by determining the number of radiographic examinations made in the patients' last illnesses of persons dying in 1985 in Manchester Central District, and comparing this with the 1985 workload in the diagnostic department. This suggests the last illness factor is about 5% and is thus very small compared with the other factors to be taken into account in assessing the harm from diagnostic radiation. PMID- 3208007 TI - Radiation-induced changes in mouse duodenal papilla. AB - Radiation-induced changes in duodenal mucosal morphology as seen by scanning electron microscopy have been widely reported in the literature. However, no comment has previously been made on any post-irradiation alteration in the duodenal papilla. This paper describes the preliminary results of an investigation into the effects of X rays on the papilla. The duodenal papilla was difficult to find in untreated and sham irradiated mice. It was identified in only two of six mice examined and was located 5.37 and 4.43 mm from the gastroduodenal junction. Eighteen hours after irradiation with 15 Gy X rays, there was little change in position or prominence of the papilla. However, 3 days after treatment, the papilla was only 2.19-3.83 mm from the pylorus. It was also more prominent, being found in all three animals studied and having a widely dilated orifice in contrast to the closed structure seen in the unirradiated specimens. It is concluded that treatment with X rays alters the structure of the duodenal papilla. There may be implications for duodenal function in this marked change in the papilla, which controls the flow of pancreatic and biliary secretions. PMID- 3208008 TI - Time- and dose-related changes in the white matter of the rat brain after single doses of X rays. AB - Following the local irradiation of the rat brain with single doses of 17.5-25 Gy of X rays, necrosis of the white matter was seen after a latent interval of greater than 26 weeks. At 39 weeks and 52 weeks after irradiation the incidence of necrosis was dose-related. The doses associated with a 50% incidence of necrosis in the white matter (ED50) at these times were 23.45 +/- 0.49 and 20.98 +/- 0.91 Gy, respectively. At both these times the incidence of necrosis was higher in the fimbria than in the capsula interna and the corpus callosum. This reflects a variation in the latency time for the appearance of necrosis. Necrosis occurs earlier in the fimbria. In the corpus callosum and the capsula interna the latency times for the appearance of necrosis were also dose-dependent. In the latent period prior to the onset of necrosis of the fimbria, a number of dose related changes were seen in the vasculature and the associated astroglial cells. These changes, which included blood vessel dilation, blood vessel wall thickening, endothelial cell nuclear enlargement and the hypertrophy of perivascular astrocytes, were highly correlated and when combined appeared to represent a "unit of tissue injury". The incidence and severity of this "unit of tissue injury" apparently increased with time after irradiation until necrosis ensued. These dose-related vascular/glial changes were preceded by a reduction in the endothelial cell and vascular density. No early changes were seen in the number of glial parenchymal cells. PMID- 3208009 TI - Gynaecological treatments using the Selectron remote afterloading system. AB - The Manchester method of gynaecological treatment using radium 226, ovoids and a flexible intrauterine tube has been used in many centres. In Newcastle, the Manchester technique was used until 1971, when a manually afterloaded system (MAS) using caesium 137 and two source trains was introduced. In 1985, the MAS was replaced by the Selectron remote afterloading system (RAS), which also uses caesium-137 sources. The dosimetry of this remote system has been designed to produce the same shape of isodose distributions as the MAS, but shorter treatment times. The applicator design and the dosimetry of the system used in Newcastle are discussed. Dose rates achieved by the RAS are more than double those currently produced by the MAS, and a reduction in prescribed dose of 10-20% is being made. The percentage of ward staff receiving monthly doses of more than 0.2 mSv has fallen from 78% to 18% since the introduction of the remote afterloading system. The almost-cylindrical isodose distributions facilitate matching of external beam treatments using a central lead wedge to the intracavitary treatments, and work is in progress to develop this technique. PMID- 3208010 TI - An analysis of the changes to radiation dose distributions resulting from the use of simulator computed tomography. PMID- 3208011 TI - Magnification of 100 mm spot film. PMID- 3208012 TI - An afterloading technique suitable for the oral cavity and oropharynx and capable of adaptation for use with remote afterloading units. PMID- 3208013 TI - Dynamic contrast enhancement of asbestos-related pulmonary pseudotumours. PMID- 3208014 TI - Diffuse hepatic calcification. PMID- 3208015 TI - Case of the month. A geriatric plum. PMID- 3208016 TI - Role of clinical trials in evaluation of cancer therapy. PMID- 3208017 TI - The metacarpal index in homozygous sickle-cell anaemia. PMID- 3208018 TI - Concomitant intrauterine and ectopic tubal pregnancy. PMID- 3208019 TI - Relapse of osteoporosis circumscripta as a lytic ring after treatment of Paget's disease with intravenous 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate. AB - Two patients with osteoporosis circumscripta of the skull are presented who have each been treated with a 3-month course of intravenous infusions of (3-amino-1 hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) (total dose of 185 and 375 mg), which in both cases was associated with rapid and dramatic remineralization of the porotic bone and marked clinical and biochemical remission. However, osteolytic disease reappeared (after 9 and 18 months, respectively) in both cases as an osteolytic ring showing high uptake of radiolabelled bisphosphonate on bone scan, in formerly unaffected bone just distal to the original leading edge of osteolysis. Further treatment was associated with healing of these new lesions. These cases suggest that the diseased osteoclasts entering previously normal bone are protected against the drug probably because normal bone matrix takes up relatively little APD, and that APD taken up by diseased bone behind this front confers long-term resistance to further resorption. In assessing treatment strategies with bisphosphonates for Paget's disease, the response at the leading edge of osteoporosis circumscripta may be particularly informative. PMID- 3208020 TI - Installation and use of a neodymium-YAG laser in a urology department. AB - We report our experience in setting up a urological laser unit. An operating theatre was upgraded to include the required safety features and a neodymium-YAG laser was installed. A preliminary study using cadaver bladders was performed to establish the technique of cystoscopic laser application. We treated 55 bladder tumours in 12 patients by laser coagulation, with total destruction of 54 tumours and no serious complications; 6 patients developed recurrent tumours. Twenty-one patients underwent surgery with the contact laser scalpel. The instrument proved slow but effective, with excellent haemostasis and almost painless wounds. Healing was delayed in 2 cases but there were no wound infections. All wounds healed with good cosmetic scars. The neodymium-YAG laser is an effective means of destroying superficial non-invasive bladder tumours endoscopically and can also be used in conjunction with a laser scalpel for open surgery. PMID- 3208021 TI - CT scanning in the diagnosis and management of radiolucent urinary calculi. AB - The diagnosis of non-opaque calculi can be difficult. In 4 patients with protracted symptoms, 2 had renal pelvic filling defects, 1 a possible filling defect and 1 complete obstruction of the ureter at L4. Non-opaque calculi were readily diagnosed by CT scanning. Three patients have successfully undergone surgery (2 open, 1 percutaneous) and 1 awaits percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Of two stones available for analysis, one was composed of uric acid and the other calcium and phosphate. We recommend CT scanning as the investigation of choice for unexplained filling defects in the renal pelvis and ureter or when a non opaque calculus is suspected. PMID- 3208022 TI - Variations of cortisol hydroxylation and paracetamol metabolism in patients with bladder carcinoma. AB - We investigated the possibility that variations of the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds might be involved in the process of bladder carcinogenesis, by studying activation reactions (phase I) and detoxification reactions (phase II) of xenobiotic compounds in a group of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and in a group of controls hospitalised with other diseases. As an indirect estimate of activating reactions (phase I) we measured cortisol hydroxylation, expressed as the ratio between urinary 6-beta-OH-cortisol and 17 OH-corticosteroids. Cortisol hydroxylation was not increased in the group of patients when compared with controls. The variations of phase II conjugating enzymes were followed indirectly by administering paracetamol and measuring the urinary excretion of its main metabolites over a period of 12 h. The variations in the metabolic conjugation of paracetamol were expressed as a percentage of each metabolite, or of unmodified paracetamol excreted in the urine, or as the ratio between a given metabolite and unmodified paracetamol. The data were analyzed with a logistic regression model, analysing the effects of possible confounding variables such as age, smoking, alcohol, blood nitrogen, blood creatinine, glutamic-pyruvic (SGPT), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminases (SGOT) and percent recovery of paracetamol in the urine. Statistical analysis showed that the excretion of mercapturate derivatives of paracetamol was significantly increased in the group of patients. The levels of glucuronic, sulphate and cysteine metabolites were not varied significantly. Since mercapturate derivatives are formed as a consequence of the formation of short-lived metabolites of paracetamol which react with protein, nucleic acids or glutathione, the increased excretion of mercapturic acid derivatives in cancer patients might be an indication of a higher capability of forming reactive molecular species from xenobiotic compounds. We suggest that this factor might play a role in the induction of bladder cancer. PMID- 3208024 TI - Ultrasonic fragmentation in the treatment of male urethral calculi. AB - In the last 8 months, 7 patients have presented with acute retention of urine due to impacted urethral stones. Four stones were in the posterior urethra, 2 in the penile urethra and 1 proximal to the external urethral meatus. The patients were managed as emergencies. Stone fragmentation by ultrasound (US) through a 24F obliquely offset eyepiece nephroscope was achieved with minimal urethral trauma. Follow-up was for 6 months and no evidence of urethral stricture or recurrent stones was found. It was concluded that US fragmentation of urethral calculi is a safe and efficient procedure with minimal complications when used in the management of impacted urethral stones. PMID- 3208023 TI - The value of acid phosphatase measurements in predicting extraprostatic cancer growth before radical prostatectomy. AB - Acid phosphatase levels were determined using both an enzymatic method (32 cases) and radioimmunoassay (35 cases) in 35 patients with clinically localised prostatic cancer. All patients underwent total prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. In cases of intracapsular prostatic cancer the level of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) measured by radioimmunoassay was 1.4 +/- 0.8 micrograms/l. In patients with either local extraprostatic disease or pelvic lymph node metastases the mean level of PAP was 3.5 +/- 2.8 micrograms/l. The difference was statistically significant. The specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of an elevated PAP (greater than 3.0 micrograms/l) in revealing extraprostatic extension of clinically localised prostatic cancer were 100, 37 and 66% respectively. When the enzymatic method was used, the level of acid phosphatase was elevated (greater than 13 u/l) in only 1 case. The specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of the enzymatic method were 100, 6 and 47% respectively. Elevation of PAP predicts, with a high degree of probability, either local extension outside the prostate or lymph node metastases. A normal PAP does not exclude extraprostatic extension of prostatic cancer. PMID- 3208025 TI - Ethanolamine oleate as a sclerosant for testicular hydroceles and epididymal cysts. AB - Forty patients with testicular hydroceles and 16 patients with epididymal cysts were treated by tapping and injection of ethanolamine oleate; 97.5% of the hydroceles and 31% of the epididymal cysts were completely cured, 50% of the latter partly cured and 19% failed. About half of the patients experienced pain after treatment. Two patients developed infection. Ultrasonography showed no change in the testicular tissue during the follow-up period. Sclerotherapy with ethanolamine oleate is a rapid and cost-effective modality which can be recommended as primary treatment for hydroceles and for unilocular epididymal cysts, especially in elderly males. PMID- 3208026 TI - Abstracts of the proceedings of the Urological Society of Australasia, 41st annual scientific meeting. Sydney, Australia, 20 to 25 March 1988. PMID- 3208027 TI - Incomplete exstrophy of the bladder. PMID- 3208028 TI - Phaeochromocytoma diagnosed during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. PMID- 3208029 TI - Calcification in a renal oncocytoma. PMID- 3208030 TI - Prazosin-induced priapism. PMID- 3208031 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the male anterior urethra. PMID- 3208032 TI - Palisading lower urinary tract granuloma. PMID- 3208034 TI - Low pressure transurethral resection of the prostate using a suprapubic trocar. PMID- 3208033 TI - Cysts of the seminal vesicles: diagnosis and management. PMID- 3208035 TI - Re Benefits of combination therapy with flutamide in patients relapsing after castration. PMID- 3208036 TI - Red alert. PMID- 3208037 TI - Intra-operative inflow resistance measurement: a predictor of steal syndromes following femoro-femoral bypass grafting. AB - Although femorofemoral bypass grafting was originally used only as a method of limb salvage, it is now used increasingly in patients with claudication. If this trend is to be supported, the haemodynamic consequences of the operation must be carefully assessed. Fifteen patients undergoing femorofemoral grafting were studied prospectively by intra-operative measurement of the inflow resistance (IR) of the donor iliac segment. Three groups were identified by this technique. Patients with an IR less than 0.05 (n = 8) were uncomplicated; those with an IR greater than or equal to 0.05 but less than 0.10 (n = 5) developed a subclinical steal syndrome; and those with an IR greater than 0.10 (n = 2) developed a clinical steal syndrome. High initial IR values were corrected at the time of surgery in two cases. This study demonstrates that steal syndromes can occur after femorofemoral grafting and that the cause is an unmasking of previously unrecognized disease in the donor arterial segment. The measurement of IR allows the prediction of steal syndromes and their correction at the time of surgery. Direct haemodynamic studies are recommended, especially as the availability of balloon angioplasty has made inflow disease amenable to treatment. PMID- 3208038 TI - Erythrocyte membrane stearic and oleic acid ratios in breast cancer. AB - A case control study has been conducted to determine the value of stearic/oleic acid ratios in the erythrocyte membranes of women at the time of presentation with breast cancer. No difference was found between the stearic/oleic acid ratio of cases and that of controls with benign breast condition or normal volunteers. Furthermore, within clinical stages of breast cancer, no differences were detected. This ratio does not appear to be of value as a marker of malignancy, or of tumour burden. PMID- 3208039 TI - Natural history of the benign breast lump. AB - A prospective study of 112 patients with clinically discrete benign breast lumps has shown that 68 per cent of patients experienced resolution of their lumps over a period of up to 2 years. Resolution of both fibro-adenomas and discrete areas of fibro-adenosis was observed. Diagnosis was achieved by clinical examination and fine needle aspiration cytology. Four patients thought clinically to have benign disease were proven by cytology to have a carcinoma, but no patient with a cytopathological diagnosis of benign disease has developed cancer during or subsequent to this study. We recommend that patients under 35 years of age with clinically and cytologically benign breast lumps can be offered the option of non excision in the reasonable expectation of resolution of their lesion. PMID- 3208040 TI - Temperature gradient between the rectum and the anal canal: evidence against the role of temperature sensation as a sensory modality in the anal canal of normal subjects. AB - Temperature difference between the rectum and anal canal is a fundamental requirement for the hypothesis that temperature sensation is of physiological importance in discrimination of anorectal contents occurring during the 'sampling reflex'. The temperature gradient between the rectum and the anal canal was measured in 47 normal subjects (mean age 51.6 years +/- 16.8 s.d., 24 men). The maximum mean difference in temperature between the rectum and the anal canal was 0.13 degrees C (0.06-0.19, 95 per cent confidence intervals) and occurred 4 cm from the anal verge. This difference is too small to be detected by the anal canal mucosa. Under normal physiological circumstances the conscious appreciation of temperature of faeces passing from the rectum to the anal canal is impossible during the anorectal sampling reflex. PMID- 3208041 TI - Faecal incontinence associated with reduced pelvic sensation. AB - Eight patients with faecal incontinence associated with high threshold of rectal sensation are described. All had a normal anal sphincter on clinical and physiological assessment including anal manometry, pudendal nerve latency estimation and single fibre electromyography. In each case however rectal sensation was abnormal. The threshold of rectal sensation was 143 +/- 33 ml (range 110-200 ml) compared with control values of 39 +/- 14 ml (range 25-65 ml) (P less than 0.005) in 12 normal age-matched individuals. The degree of rectal distension required to initiate the recto-anal reflex was no different in the incontinent patients (19 ml, range 15-25 ml, compared with 22 ml, range 15-30 ml, in the controls). There was also no difference in the maximal tolerated volume of rectal distension between the groups (291 +/- 87 ml and 279 +/- 91 ml respectively). These observations may have defined a small group of patients with incontinence in whom an abnormality of rectal sensation rather than sphincter incompetence could be a part of the pathophysiological disorder. PMID- 3208042 TI - A new non-operative approach to fistula in ano. AB - The results of a new out-patient approach to fistula in ano are presented. The technique involved passing a multi-strand stainless steel wire through the fistulous tract and has been used in 56 patients with low fistulae as well as high horseshoe anal fistulae. Recurrence was seen in only 2 patients and none of the patients experienced temporary or permanent incontinence of flatus or faeces. PMID- 3208043 TI - Increase in pudendal nerve terminal motor latency with defaecation straining. AB - The relationship between perineal descent and pudendal nerve damage was tested in 57 consecutive patients by measuring the left and right pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) before and after a maximal defaecation straining effort. In 13 patients the PNTML was also measured 1 and 4 min later. The difference between the mean PNTML before and after straining (delta PNTML) was correlated with the amount of descent (r = 0.40, P less than 0.005), and with the perineal position during straining (r = -0.46, P less than 0.001). Four minutes after the straining effort the PNTML again approached the resting value in each subject. These findings support the concept that perineal descent causes pudendal nerve damage. PMID- 3208044 TI - Surgical aspects of a district hospital combined gastroenterology clinic. AB - The surgical aspects of 12 years' involvement with a combined consultative gastroenterology clinic at a district general hospital are reviewed. In this time the overall number of patients subjected to surgery has gradually fallen and the average age of patient referral has gradually increased and the logistical implications are considered. Trends for the common diagnoses encountered are discussed and the educational benefit of the clinic is stressed. PMID- 3208045 TI - Total duodenal diversion in the treatment of complicated peptic oesophagitis. AB - Total duodenal diversion (TDD) has been carried out in 59 patients with complicated forms of peptic oesophagitis (acquired short oesophagus, columnar lined oesophagus, previous oesophagogastric surgery, stenosis). A standard procedure (truncal vagotomy, antrectomy and gastrojejunal anatomosis using a 70 cm Roux-en-Y loop) was performed in 41 patients, and some technical adjustments were required in 18 patients previously operated on. One patient died from postoperative pulmonary embolism. Bowel movements were resumed before the fifth postoperative day in 93 per cent of patients (54/59). Early postoperative complications (gastroparesis, 5; fistula, 1; subsequent operation, 1) occurred in 12 per cent of patients. Stabilization of the oesophagitis was achieved in less than 3 months in 95 per cent of cases (55/58). There were two cases of regression of columnar lined oesophagus. A 3-h postprandial pH assessment showed that the reflux had been controlled in 92 per cent of cases (47/51). One patient who still had an acid reflux died subsequently of a perforated oesophageal ulcer. Three anastomotic ulcers occurred in eight patients who did not have vagotomy. Digestive side-effects have been observed in nine patients, but only in one case were they crippling. Our results suggest that TDD is a suitable form of treatment for complicated forms of peptic oesophagitis. PMID- 3208046 TI - Death from undiagnosed peptic ulcer complications: a continuing challenge. AB - A 10-year study of all 9653 autopsies performed in the Plymouth Health District, UK from 1977 to 1986 revealed 154 patients who died from undiagnosed peptic ulcer complications. In all, 118 of these patients died suddenly at home and 36 died in hospital. Most patients were elderly although 47 were under 70 years and 2 were under 50 years of age. Anti-inflammatory drugs were being used by 81 of these patients, an incidence of 60 per cent where full drug histories were available. Women who died were much more likely to be using these drugs than men. This study emphasizes the hitherto unrecognized importance of death from undiagnosed peptic ulcer disease and further highlights the potential risk of non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug use. PMID- 3208047 TI - Multivariate approach for assessing the prognosis of clinical oesophageal carcinoma. AB - We investigated the prognostic contribution of 15 discrete variables on the survival of 123 patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus who underwent oesophagectomy and oesophageal reconstruction. In the multivariate analysis, three of fifteen variables were associated with the prognosis of patients who underwent oesophagectomy. The variables are: resectability of the malignant lesion, DNA distribution pattern of the cancer cells and postoperative complications. The DNA distribution pattern proved to be one of the most reliable prognostic factors. These three variables were assigned one of two values, 'favourable' or 'unfavourable', indicative of the effect on survival. The 123 patients were classified into four groups, characterized by eight possible combinations of these three variables. The survival rate of those with two or more 'favourable' variables was the highest, that is about 50 per cent at 5 years after surgery. On the other hand, patients with two or more 'unfavourable' variables had a very poor prognosis. Therefore, early detection and postoperative care play key roles in determining the survival of patients with oesophageal carcinoma. PMID- 3208048 TI - Surgical treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. AB - Between January 1980 and June 1986, 21 patients required surgery for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Four patients had been transferred from other hospitals; the remaining 17 patients had been treated from the outset at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, representing 3.7 per cent of the 456 patients treated for acute pancreatitis during this time. Necrosectomy was performed on 14 patients and 7 patients were treated by pancreatic resection, with 4 deaths in each group; thus 8 patients (38 per cent) died at a median time of 22 days from onset of their attack. Three of the four patients transferred to our care died, giving a mortality in our own patients of 29 per cent. Of the survivors, all but three had a prolonged and complicated hospital course. Our data confirm that acute necrotizing pancreatitis is still associated with a considerable mortality and morbidity. Early multi-organ failure, advanced age, underlying medical illness and the presence of infected necrosis were associated with a poor outcome. Necrosectomy delayed until the second or subsequent week appeared to be a suitable procedure for the majority of our patients, but shortcomings were apparent with the traditional methods of closed drainage of the pancreatic bed postoperatively. The many demands imposed by this small group of patients suggests that their management is best undertaken in centres in which there is special expertise and this should contribute to a further reduction in the mortality from this condition. PMID- 3208049 TI - Obstructive pancreatitis: unusual causes of chronic pancreatitis. AB - Fifty-eight consecutive surgical pancreatic resections for chronic pancreatitis were examined. Eight cases were identified with obstructive pancreatopathy; all underwent pancreato-duodenectomy. Histological examination revealed that obstruction in three cases was due to duodenal wall cysts, and in two patients it was associated with pancreas divisum (the accessory papilla was obstructed by a neuroendocrine tumour in one case and by ectopic pancreatic tissue in the other). One case each was due to obstruction of an anomalous duct by vegetable matter, to segmental pancreatitis, and to an intraductal carcinoma. Obstructive pancreatitis has many causes and diligent pre-operative assessment is required as surgical resection may be beneficial. Special efforts should be made to identify ductal anomalies, duodenal cysts, ectopic pancreatic tissue, and small ampullary tumours of exocrine and endocrine origin in order to define the aetiology of pancreatitis. PMID- 3208050 TI - Splenic repair for trauma. AB - The risks of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) are now well documented both in children and adults. Although the incidence of OPSI is comparatively low following splenectomy for trauma, it has a high mortality. Splenectomy is no longer the treatment of choice for splenic injury and splenic salvage is recommended whenever feasible. Since 1982, in the Isle of Wight hospitals, 13 cases of splenic injury following trauma have been treated applying various salvage procedures and are reported here. PMID- 3208051 TI - Postoperative urinary retention in general surgical patients. AB - A prospective study has been performed to measure the incidence of postoperative urinary retention in 280 general surgical patients. Eighteen patients (6 per cent) were catheterized after a range of operations under general anaesthesia. There was no statistical difference in the retention rate between men and women. Increasing age did not predispose to retention of urine. Of 72 patients who had either herniorrhaphy, haemorrhoidectomy or testicular operations, only 1 was catheterized, whereas 16 (23 per cent) of 70 patients undergoing laparotomy were catheterized. Most of these laparotomy patients had upper abdominal procedures carried out. Those having lower abdominal operations were usually catheterized pre-operatively and were excluded from the study. There was a significantly higher incidence of retention among patients who had long anaesthetics (greater than 60 min). There was also a significantly higher incidence of retention among those who were ventilated, relaxed and reversed by atropine and neostigmine. Of those 193 patients who had opiate analgesia, 15 (8 per cent) developed retention of urine, compared with 3 (3 per cent) of the 87 patients who had non-opiate analgesia. There was a significantly higher retention rate among the patients who had opiate analgesia by intravenous infusion compared with those who had opiates by intramuscular bolus injection; 7 patients had painful and 11 had painless retention. This study suggests that postoperative retention of urine is a result more commonly of diminished awareness of bladder sensation, than of factors such as anxiety or local pain. PMID- 3208052 TI - Parotid tumours: a review of parotid tumour surgery in the Northern Regional Health Authority of the United Kingdom 1978-1982. AB - A review of inpatients treated for parotid tumours during the 5-year period 1978 to 1982 in the Northern Regional Health Authority of the United Kingdom revealed 376 new parotid tumours and 28 recurrent tumours. The incidence of new parotid tumours was 2.4 per 100,000 and of pleomorphic adenomas 1.5 per 100,000 per annum. Local excision was the most common operation and was employed to remove 156 (67.2 per cent) of the 232 pleomorphic adenomas but there was evidence of incomplete excision in 60 (38.5 per cent) of these tumours. Incomplete excision also occurred in 12 (15.8 per cent) of the 76 pleomorphic adenomas removed by conservative parotidectomy. Global temporary facial nerve palsy was more common after conservative parotidectomy for benign tumours (21.8 per cent) than after local excision (3.7 per cent) but global permanent nerve palsy only occurred after local excision (0.9 per cent). The widespread use of local excision resulted in its use in 12 (27.3 per cent) of the 44 malignant tumours. The low incidence of parotid tumours and their treatment by a relatively large number of surgeons resulted in limited experience for surgeons and few opportunities for training in parotid surgery. PMID- 3208053 TI - Plain abdominal radiographs and acute abdominal pain. PMID- 3208054 TI - Epidural analgesia and postoperative insulin resistance. PMID- 3208055 TI - Peritoneal encapsulation of the small bowel. PMID- 3208056 TI - An operation for incisional hernia. PMID- 3208057 TI - Suture granuloma. PMID- 3208058 TI - Prosopagnosia and agnosia for noncanonical views. An autopsied case. AB - It has been postulated that for prosopagnosia to occur, bilateral lesions of the central visual system are usually necessary. All but 1 of the 10 previously documented cases that came to autopsy showed this pattern. However, the long survival period after the onset of prosopagnosia in most of these patients limits the value of the autopsy findings for clinicopathological correlation. A patient is presented who died 10 days after she had developed prosopagnosia, topographagnosia and an agnosia for real objects seen from noncanonical views. These clinical symptoms corresponded directly to the autopsy finding of a recent large occipitotemporal ischaemic infarct in the territory of the right posterior cerebral artery. An additional right frontal infarct and a cortical microinfarct in a deep left lateral parieto-occipital sulcus were both old lesions and had passed unnoticed clinically. This first report of a direct clinicopathological correlation between a fresh right posterior lesion and prosopagnosia demonstrates that bilateral involvement of the visual system is not a prerequisite for prosopagnosia. PMID- 3208059 TI - Vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex, smooth pursuit and eye-head tracking dysfunction in internuclear ophthalmoplegia. AB - Vertical smooth eye movements were quantified by magnetic search coil oculography in 7 patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO), 4 bilateral and 3 unilateral, and compared with age-matched normal subjects. The upward and downward vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) had reduced gain and abnormal phase lag in both unilateral and bilateral INO during active head motion at frequencies from 0.25 to 2 Hz. The phase lag was attributed to disruption of vestibular eye velocity signals and relative preservation of eye position signals. Fixation of a stationary target enhanced smooth eye movement gain during vertical head motion but it remained subnormal. Vertical smooth pursuit gain was mildly reduced. All patients had normal gaze (eye plus head) gain when tracking with both the head and eyes despite defective cancellation of the vertical VOR; they employed high amplitude head tracking to compensate for the uncancelled VOR. Cancellation was more impaired than smooth pursuit. Dissociation between cancellation and ocular pursuit was also demonstrated by a model of VOR cancellation that uses measured pursuit gain with the head immobile to predict gaze gain of eye-head tracking. The model predicted eye-head tracking gain in normal subjects but not in patients with INO. The results indicate that the medial longitudinal fasciculi or neighbouring tegmental tracts convey bidirectional signals for vertical pursuit, cancellation, and vestibular smooth eye movements in man, and that smooth pursuit and cancellation of the VOR can be dissociated in INO. PMID- 3208060 TI - A model of radiation myelopathy in the rat. Pathology, regional capillary permeability changes and treatment with dexamethasone. AB - In order to identify the effects of x-irradiation on spinal cord histology and capillary permeability, we irradiated the upper thoracic spinal cord of adult rats with 3500 cGy to a single lateral field. After 165 +/- 14 (SD) days the rats became paraplegic over 4 to 8 days. Quantitative autoradiography using 14C-amino isobutyric acid demonstrated a biphasic curve of regional capillary permeability changes (K1). K1 first increased 70 to 85% in all regions of the cord at 30 days, then normalized at 60 days. From 60-151 +/- 8 days in asymptomatic animals there was an apparently exponential increase of K1 in all spinal cord regions progressing at varying rates among regions, most rapidly in the posterior columns and least rapidly in grey matter. K1 continued to rise when the animals became paraplegic. Morphologically, the asymptomatic period was characterized by myelin pallor and vacuolation evident at 30 days, maximal at 60 days, without progression until 151 +/- 8 days when microscopic foci of necrosis appeared in the posterior columns of some clinically normal ('preparetic') animals. The paretic period was characterized by extensive posterior and lateral column necrosis with preservation of grey matter. High dose dexamethasone or indomethacin had no preventative effect when administered just prior to irradiation. Dexamethasone transiently improved motor strength in symptomatic rats and reduced K1 in nonnecrotic portions of the cord. This study suggests that, after a transient peak of 'early delayed' changes in regional capillary permeability, there is progressive damage to the endothelium that may play a primary role in delayed radionecrosis. PMID- 3208061 TI - Preserved memory abilities in thalamic amnesia. AB - The pattern of preserved learning abilities is described in a severely amnesic patient after bilateral thalamic infarction. Experimental findings cannot be accounted for both by the view that only episodic memory is impaired in amnesia, while semantic memory is spared, and by the theory that what is spared in amnesia is procedural learning contrasted with impaired declarative memory. In agreement with Warrington and Weiskrantz (1982), diencephalic amnesia is considered to be a disconnection syndrome between the frontal and temporal lobes. The conditions for showing spared and impaired memory in amnesics are specified on the basis of the performance of the patient and of the data available in the literature. This allows us to derive practical suggestions for programmes aimed at remediation of memory defects. PMID- 3208062 TI - Neuronal activity in human lateral temporal cortex related to short-term verbal memory, naming and reading. AB - Extracellular microelectrode recordings were obtained from lateral temporal cortex that was subsequently resected in patients undergoing craniotomies under local anaesthesia for treatment of medically intractable epilepsy. During these recordings patients performed visually presented measures of overt and silent naming and word reading, short-term verbal memory and a control task requiring matching of angles. These measures were designed so that the same visual stimuli elicited language, short-term memory or spatial responses. Statistically significant changes within and between these various measures were identified. Technically satisfactory recordings were obtained from 17 populations reflecting activity predominantly from 1 neuron, in 13 patients. Two populations demonstrated no significant changes in any measured functions. Only 1 population showed changes suggesting a relation to visual perception. Four populations in or adjacent to the superior temporal gyrus altered activity with overt speech. Four other populations in the anterior temporal lobe altered activity during silent, but not overt speech. Some relation to language or memory was established for 13 of the 17 populations: 1 altered activity during reading alone, 6 during memory alone, and 6 to both. Most of the recording sites showing these language and memory changes were not essential for those functions based on surface electrical stimulation mapping. Thus the area of temporal lobe that participates in language and memory, as indicated by changes in neuronal activity, is substantially larger than the areas essential for those functions as determined by stimulation mapping. Within that participatory area, changes related to language were most often an increase in activity sustained throughout the task, a pattern suggestive of mechanisms of selective attention. Changes related to memory most often included a sustained increase in activity at the time of entry of information into memory, and again at retrieval, with decreased activity during the time the memory was stored. A few neuronal populations demonstrated relative inhibition of activity during the memory task, compared with control measures. PMID- 3208063 TI - Neck muscle vibration modifies the representation of visual motion and direction in man. AB - The retinal coordinates of an image are normally insufficient to define the direction of an object in body-centred visual space. Gaze direction, specified by information on the position of eye-in-head and on the position of head-on-torso, is also required. While the source of the eye-in-head signal is controversial, it is clear that proprioceptive signals from neck muscles are sufficient to provide head-on-torso information. Observations by Goodwin et al., beginning in 1972, that vibration of limb muscles modifies proprioception from them, and induces illusory motion and false perception of limb position, suggested this study of the effects of neck muscle vibration on the representation of visual space. Verbal reports, supported by objective measures, revealed that vibration of muscles on one side of the neck induces a visual illusion: contralateral displacement of a small visual target viewed in the dark. Pointing movements towards the target are similarly affected, confirming that the representation of directions in visual space is modified by neck muscle vibration. A second vibration-induced illusion was uncovered when apparent displacement ceased. This is an illusion of pure target motion in the same direction as the previously observed displacement. The magnitudes of both the displacement and pure motion illusions were dependent on vibration amplitude and were unrelated to real or apparent movements of eyes or head. Taken together these observations indicate that vibration of neck muscles can modify independently (1) the central representation of the instantaneous direction of gaze and (2) the signal of the velocity with which this direction is changing. PMID- 3208064 TI - White matter changes in dementia of Alzheimer's type. Biochemical and neuropathological correlates. AB - A correlative neuropathological-biochemical study was undertaken in order to characterize the selective incomplete white matter infarctions (SIWI) frequently found in dementia of Alzheimer's type. The brain tissue analysed represented white matter with incomplete infarction, complete infarcts and with histologically normal tissue, in cases with dementia, mainly of Alzheimer and multi-infarct type, in nondemented subjects with cerebral infarcts and in age matched control cases. The biochemical results verify the existence of the white matter changes and agree on their regional distribution as they appear in the morphological analyses. The increasing severity of SIWI as assessed histologically was reflected in a proportional reduction of several biochemically quantified white matter components. The histological difference between incomplete and complete infarction was also expressed biochemically. Incomplete white matter infarction with and without associated complete infarcts were biochemically similar. The aetiological significance of the loss of different white matter components is discussed. The biochemical data support the concept of SIWI as being an independent white matter disorder of cerebrovascular, hypoperfusional/hypoxic origin. PMID- 3208065 TI - Monoamine oxidases of the human brain and liver. AB - The two molecular forms of monoamine oxidase (MAO), MAO-A and MAO-B, were determined quantitatively in discrete regions of the human brain at autopsy, and in cerebral microvessels, choroid plexus and liver samples from the same subjects. MAO was assessed by specific[3H] pargyline binding, which is stoichiometric and irreversible, and by measuring the rate of oxidation of several MAO substrates. Basal ganglia structures (caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and substantia nigra) and hippocampus had about twice the levels of MAO that were present in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Cerebral microvessels, which constitute the blood-brain barrier, had minimal MAO, while the choroid plexus, which constitutes the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and the liver had higher MAO levels than any brain region. The vast majority of MAO (80-95%) in these tissues was of the B type, except in microvessels, where total MAO activity was low. Specific [3H]pargyline binding correlated well with the oxidation rates for 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and benzylamine in all tissues. Both specific [3H]pargyline binding and the rate of oxidation of MAO substrates increased with age. PMID- 3208066 TI - Sound lateralization, brainstem auditory evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. AB - Two tests of binaural hearing, namely intensity discrimination of alternating monaural clicks and interaural time difference (IATD) discrimination of binaural clicks, were performed in 28 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) and 12 with an isolated brainstem lesion compatible with demyelination. Intensity discrimination defects were found in 53.5% and IATD defects in 82% of definite MS cases, although no overt auditory symptoms were reported and pure tone audiology was unremarkable. Corresponding figures in the isolated lesion group were 25% and 33%. Defects were manifested either by an abnormal 'bias' in favour of one ear or by a broadened 'spread' of responses (i.e., greater range of uncertainty). Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were abnormal in 75% of the definite MS cases but only in 8% of the isolated lesion group. BAEP abnormalities involving component III on one or both sides were invariably associated with a defect of IATD discrimination. This is consistent with disruption of input to the superior olivary complex, the most peripheral structure where binaurally responsive units are sensitive to IATD. Lesions causing abnormality of component V alone less frequently resulted in impaired IATD discrimination, possibly because at rostral levels the IATD is encoded by the location rather than the timing of neuronal activity. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), abnormalities of the medulla, pons or midbrain were demonstrated in all MS patients tested and 45% of those with isolated brainstem lesions. The correlation with BAEP abnormalities was plausible in some patients but apparently anomalous in others. More severe BAEP abnormalities than would have been expected on the basis of MRI may have been due to small unresolved lesions, while the more frequent finding of normal or mildly abnormal BAEPs in conjunction with extensive MRI abnormalities may have been due to the fact that areas of abnormal signal reflect an increase in the water content of the tissue rather than demyelination per se. PMID- 3208067 TI - Fatal encephalitis caused by a bat-borne rabies-related virus. Clinical findings. AB - The clinical findings are described in the first reported European case of fatal encephalitis of bat origin caused by a rabies-related virus. A bat zoologist developed the symptoms of rabies 51 days after his last exposure to a bat bite. The clinical disease of 23 days duration was a combination of the paralytic and 'furious' forms of rabies. Serial BAEP and EEG recordings, CT and MR scans of the brain, as well as CSF findings, demonstrated severe ascending destruction of the brain. An unusual progression from isolated brainstem death to cortical brain death occurred. Neuropathologically, the brain showed severe lytic changes. The presence of rabies-related virus antigens in brain smears was shown using a panel of fluorescent antibodies. The virus was inoculated into and isolated from suckling mice. The virus had a close resemblance to European bat rabies isolates, which belong to the group of rabies-related viruses. Of particular concern is whether the virus can spread from bats to terrestrial animals and whether the European type of bat rabies constitutes a danger to man. PMID- 3208068 TI - Scalp-recorded P300 activity in patients following unilateral temporal lobectomy. AB - The bilateral distribution and overall amplitude of the P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) was studied in epileptic patients in whom the amygdala, hippocampal, and anterior temporal lobe areas of the brain had been resected unilaterally. Previous reports have suggested that a neural generator of the P300 elicited in the commonly used target detection ('Oddball') paradigm lies in these medial temporal areas. In an Oddball paradigm, there was no evidence of any left-right hemisphere asymmetry in the scalp distribution of the P300 that varied as a function of the side of surgery in either the left or right temporal lobectomy patients. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in overall P300 amplitude or latency between the patients and controls. These data do not support the hypothesis that the primary generator of the scalp recorded P300 in the Oddball paradigm lies in the hippocampus and amygdala. PMID- 3208069 TI - Vibrotactile reaction times in unilateral neglect. The effects of hand location, rehabilitation and eyes open/closed. AB - Patients with left hemispatial neglect resulting from right hemisphere damage performed a vibrotactile reaction time (RT) task with the stimulated and responding (right) limb placed either ipsilaterally in right hemispace, or across the midline in contralateral (left) hemispace. In 8 patients who had undergone little or no rehabilitative training, responses made on the left were very much slower (by an average of 45 ms) than responses made on the right. Four out of 5 rehabilitated patients who had been taught compensatory strategies to overcome their difficulty in attending to events on the left, and who were tested with eyes open, were faster on the left, a pattern opposite to the small (9 ms) but significant right-side advantage shown by normal subjects. However, when 4 of the rehabilitated patients were tested with their eyes closed, their performance reverted to that shown before rehabilitation, that is, a substantial left-side disadvantage. Overt and covert attentional strategies and spatial asymmetries in normal subjects and patients with unilateral attention deficits are discussed. The vibrotactile RT task provides a promising method for quantifying disability during the various phases of the neglect syndrome. PMID- 3208070 TI - Perception and production of tone in aphasia. AB - An acoustical and perceptual study of lexical tone was conducted to evaluate the extent and nature of tonal disruption in aphasia. The language under investigation was Thai, a tone language which has five lexical tones--mid, low, falling, high, and rising. Subjects included six left brain-damaged aphasics (two Broca's, one transcortical motor, one global, one conduction, one Wernicke), one right brain-damaged nonaphasic, one cerebellar dysarthric, and five normals. High quality tape recordings of each subject's productions of a minimal set of five, monosyllabic Thai words were presented to 10 adult Thai listeners for identification. Results from the phonemic identification tests indicated that tone production is relatively spared in aphasic patients with unilateral left hemisphere lesions. The performance of the global aphasic, however, was considerably below normal. Patterns of tonal confusions further revealed that the performance of all aphasics, except the global, differed from that of normal speakers primarily in degree rather than in kind. Tonal contrasts were signaled at a high level of proficiency by the right brain-damaged and dysarthric patients. Acoustical analysis revealed that F0 contours associated with the five tones for all aphasics, except the global, were similar in overall shape as well as position in the tone space to those of normals. F0 contours for the right brain-damaged patient and the dysarthric also generally agreed with those of normals in terms of shape and position. F0 ranges of both aphasic and nonaphasic brain-damaged speakers were generally larger than those of normals for all five tones. The relationship between tone and vowel duration was generally similar to that of normals for all brain-damaged speakers. A comparison of aphasics' performance on tone perception (J. Gandour & R. Dardarananda, 1983, Brain and Language, 18, 94-114) and tone production indicated that, for the normal and right brain-damaged subjects, performance on the perception task was higher than on production, whereas the opposite was true for the aphasics. These data are brought to bear on issues related to tone production in aphasia, consonant and vowel production in aphasia, hemispheric specialization for tone production, intonation production in aphasia, relationship between speech perception and speech production, and tone production in dysarthria with cerebellar disease. PMID- 3208071 TI - EEG alpha asymmetry in dyslexics during speaking and block design tasks. AB - Lateral specialization for speech and spatial construction was investigated in a highly screened group of dyslexic and normal-reading boys, age 9-13, by examining the extent to which their EEG alpha asymmetry changed from one task to the other. EEG was recorded from central, midtemporal, and parietal leads during several minutes of spontaneous narrative speech, and while the child constructed block designs. The dyslexics showed the same strongly task-dependent asymmetry as the normal readers, comparable to that observed in our adult populations. The observations were confirmed with a second independently chosen cohort of subjects. This result is discussed in terms of the constraints it places on models of dyslexia which invoke disorders of lateral specialization and hemisphere integration. PMID- 3208072 TI - Modes of word recognition in the left and right cerebral hemispheres. AB - Four experiments are reported examining the effects of word length on recognition performance in the left and right visual hemifields (LVF, RVF). In Experiments 1 and 2 length affected lexical decision latencies to words presented in the LVF but not to words presented in the RVF. This result was found for both concrete and abstract nouns. Changing from a normal horizontal format to the use of unconventionally "stepped" words, however, produced length effects for words in both visual hemifields (Experiment 3). The Length x VHF interaction was found once again in Experiment 4 where subjects classified words as either concrete or abstract. A model proposing two modes of visual processing of letter strings is presented to account for these findings. Mode A operates independent of string length and is seen only in left hemisphere analysis of familiar words. Mode B is length dependent: it is the only mode possessed by the right hemisphere but is displayed by the left hemisphere to nonwords and to words in abnormal formats. PMID- 3208073 TI - Selective impairment of the graphemic buffer in acquired dysgraphia: a case study. AB - The case of an Italian dysgraphic patient (S.E.), who showed a deficit of both written and oral spelling capacities, without significant differences between words and nonwords, is reported. The pattern of the patient's performance was identical on writing to dictation, delayed copying, and written naming. The most common category of errors was single-letter deletions, and errors were predominantly made in medial positions. Stimulus length appeared to be the single factor that most affected performance. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that S.E.'s spelling disorder results from selective damage of the Graphemic Buffer. The case is discussed in relation to current functional models of writing and is compared with similar cases reported previously. PMID- 3208075 TI - Hemispheric differences for orthographic and phonological processing. AB - The role of hemispheric differences for the encoding of words was assessed by requiring subjects to match tachistoscopically presented word pairs on the basis of their rhyming or visual similarity. The interference between a word pair's orthography and phonology produced matching errors which were differentially affected by the visual field/hemisphere of projection and sex of subject. In general, right visual field/left hemisphere presentations yielded fewer errors when word pairs shared similar phonology under rhyme matching and similar orthography under visual matching. Left visual field/right hemisphere presentations yielded fewer errors when word pairs were phonologically dissimilar under rhyme matching and orthographically dissimilar under visual matching. Males made more errors and demonstrated substantially stronger hemispheric effects than females. These patterns suggested visual field/hemispheric differences for orthographic and phonological encoding occurred during the initial stages of word processing and were more pronounced for male compared to female subjects. PMID- 3208074 TI - Developmental phonological and lexical agraphia in adults. AB - Many cases of agraphia from acquired cerebral lesions may be divided into two groups, phonological and lexical, suggesting two dissociable spelling systems. Studies of developmental agraphia have described some children who have spelling patterns similar to acquired phonological or lexical agraphia. This study analyzed spelling results from 22 adolescent and adult subjects with developmental agraphia (DA) and compared them to those from control subjects and subjects with acquired agraphia (AA). On the basis of spelling ability, subjects with DA could be divided into two groups. Analysis of the profile of spelling abilities indicated that the two groups of subjects with DA were almost indistinguishable from the two groups of subjects with AA, phonological and lexical. This supports the contention that DA in adults may be divided into phonological and lexical groups and further supports the two-system hypothesis for linguistic agraphia. PMID- 3208076 TI - Selective impairment of phonation: a case study. AB - A 47-year-old right-handed man underwent craniotomy for clipping of an aneurism at the trifurcation of the left middle cerebral artery. Subsequently, he suffered a left hemisphere CVA after which his speech and language resembled that of Broca's aphasia with accompanying apraxia of speech. Medical, behavioral, and acoustical data amassed over a period of several months indicated numerous contraindications to traditional diagnoses of Broca's aphasia, apraxia of speech, and dysarthria. Ultimately, it was determined that the patient had a selective impairement of phonation or laryngeal apraxia. This was illustrated dramatically when he was taught to use an electrolarynx which allowed him to bypass his disrupted phonatory system. Speaking with the electrolarynx, the patient communicated normally. Any semblance of Broca's aphasia disappeared. Supralaryngeal articulation was normal; apraxia of speech behaviors were absent. This case report indicates that dissociation of oral and laryngeal gestures due to brain injury is possible. Mechanisms underlying such a dissociation for this case are reviewed. The possibility of discrete center lesions in the frontal motor association area causing different types of apraxia of speech is discussed. PMID- 3208077 TI - Anticipatory coarticulation in aphasia: acoustic and perceptual data. AB - Two experiments investigated speech motor planning in aphasia by contrasting the degree of labial and lingual anticipatory coarticulation evident in normal subjects' speech with that found in the speech of aphasic subjects. In the first experiment, Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) analyses were conducted for the initial consonants of CV [si su ti tu ki ku] and CCV [sti stu ski sku] productions by 6 normal and 10 aphasic (5 anterior, 5 posterior) subjects. For normal subjects' productions, reliable coarticulatory shift was found for almost all measurements, indicating that acoustic correlates for anticipatory coarticulation obtain for [s], [t], and [k] in a prevocalic environment, as well as when [s] is the initial consonant of a CCV syllable. The data for the aphasic subjects were statistically indistinguishable from those of the normal subject group, and there were no differences noted as a function of aphasia type. In the second experiment, a subset of the consonantal stimuli produced by the normal and aphasic subjects was presented to a group of 10 naive listeners for a vowel identification task. Listeners were able to identify the productions of all subjects at a level well above chance. In addition, small but statistically significant Group differences were observed, with the [sV], [skV], and [tV] productions by anterior aphasics showing significantly lower perceptual scores than those of normal subjects. PMID- 3208078 TI - Anticipatory coarticulation in aphasia: some methodological considerations. PMID- 3208079 TI - Deviations in brain development of F2 generation on caloric undernutrition and scope of their prevention by rehabilitation: alterations in dendritic spine production and pruning of pyramidal neurons of lower laminae of motor cortex and visual cortex. AB - This is a report of comparison of developmental changes of spine densities on the different categories of dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons (V and VI layers of motor and visual areas) of Wistar rat, during 11-150 days of age, under conditions of normal nutrition and under chronic caloric but not protein deprivation. The studied animals were of F2 generation born to parents undernourished to a degree that their weights were only 40-50% of normal control. At such a level they would be active, reproduce, and not morbid. Similar level of undernutrition also continued in the F2 group studied. A group of undernourished animals was also, for rehabilitation, put on normal diet from 21 days of age. Visual and motor cortical area pieces were impregnated by Stensaas' rapid Golgi method. Spines were counted on successive 20-micron segments (I-IV) of both apical and basal dendritic main shafts as well as primary and secondary branches. The spine count per segment (density) in the normal population reached exuberant values by 26-50 days of age and later underwent a progressive decline or pruning by 30-50% or more by 150 days of age. The degrees of exuberance and pruning varied in different categories of dendrites, generally being more conspicuous in motor than visual cortex, and more in basal than apical dendrites. Under the conditions of chronic caloric restriction, the phenomenon of exuberance was retarded and pruning was not observed. On the contrary, there was a progressive increase in the spine densities on both basal and apical dendrites, in motor and visual cortex. By 150 days of age, the spine densities were not only greater than the final counts for respective segments in the normal animal, but even greater than the exuberant counts. Postweaning caloric rehabilitation had only a modest impact against this deviation. Preliminary data (intersections) of dendritic branching also indicated a similar pattern of changes (lag followed by increase), but of a lesser degree. These alterations in neuronal development are interpreted as biological adaptations evoked in shaping the homeostasis of the organism's brain and behaviour by factors of nurture. PMID- 3208080 TI - Dose-dependent effects of atropine sulfate on the brainstem and cortical auditory evoked potentials in the rat. AB - Because brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) are frequently recorded in anesthetized animals and humans, it is important to become familiar with the effects on the BAEP of drugs used during anesthesia, including pre-anesthetics. The dose-dependent and stimulus intensity-dependent effects on the BAEP of a pre anesthetic, atropine sulfate, were studied in the unanesthetized rat. The animal subjects were 11 adult female Long-Evans rats. BAEPs in response to 0.1 ms clicks (12.5/s) were recorded from skull screw electrodes during a baseline period, as well as after saline and atropine treatments. Atropine sulfate was given i.p. in doses ranging from 0.250 to 40 mg/kg. Contrary to a prior report, doses in the standard pre-anesthetic range (i.e. 0.250-1.000 mg/kg) did not convincingly influence the BAEP. Only the highest dose (40 mg/kg) produced a significant and noteworthy change in the BAEP. This effect was characterized by significant amplitude increases in the P1, P2 and P3 components, but not in the P4, P5 and P6 components. This selective effect occurred at the highest stimulus intensity of 110 dB peak equivalent sound pressure level, but not at lower intensities. There were no convincing atropine-induced changes in BAEP latencies. Atropine-induced changes in the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) were characterized by amplitude decrements. Thus, atropine seemed to have an excitatory effect on the BAEP and an inhibitory or depressive effect on the CAEP. PMID- 3208082 TI - Postnatal influence of diethylstilbestrol on the differentiation of the sexually dimorphic nucleus in the rat is as effective as perinatal treatment. AB - The volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) of the male rat brain is larger than that of the female. In the female rat, treatment with diethylstilbestrol (DES), either perinatally (from day 16 of gestation to postnatal day 10), or postnatally (birth to day 10) was equally effective in increasing the volume of SDN-POA compared to controls. Prenatal treatment (day 16 of gestation to birth) with DES also increased the volume of the SDN-POA but this increase was significantly smaller than that achieved with the other treatments. These results confirm the effectiveness of DES in increasing the volume of the SDN-POA in the female rat brain, and prove that the differentiating SDN-POA is very receptive to hormone influences in the early postnatal period. PMID- 3208081 TI - Differential effects of aminopeptidase inhibitors on angiotensin-induced pressor responses. AB - Recent iontophoretic data suggest that conversion of angiotensin II (AII) to angiotensin III (AIII) may be necessary before the peptide can activate central angiotensin-sensitive neurons. Furthermore, this conversion may be inhibited by the aminopeptidase A inhibitor, amastatin. In the present study we investigated the importance of aminopeptidase activity on central angiotensin-induced pressor responses. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) pretreatment with amastatin, suppressed i.c.v. AII-induced pressor responses. Pretreatment with the aminopeptidase B inhibitor, bestatin, increased pressor responses to AIII. Pressor responses induced by the aminopeptidase-resistant analogue, [Sar1]angiotensin II, were not affected by pretreatment with angiotensin inhibitors. These results support the hypothesis that AII must be converted to AIII to be active in the brain. PMID- 3208083 TI - Extracellular cocaine and dopamine concentrations are linearly related in rat striatum. AB - Microdialysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to determine temporal cocaine concentration profiles in the rat striatum following intraperitoneal (i.p.) cocaine injection. For a 30 mg/kg i.p. dose, cocaine reached a maximum in vivo concentration of 10.1 microM within 30 min, and then rapidly declined. A non-linear fit of a kinetic model to the experimental cocaine data gave a first-order rate constant for the appearance of cocaine in the extracellular fluid of the striatum after a 30 mg/kg dose of cocaine of 0.0304/min and a first-order rate constant of 0.0386/min for the disappearance of cocaine from the extracellular fluid. When combined with previous dopamine results for a 30 mg/kg i.p. cocaine dose, cocaine concentrations were found to be highly correlated (r = 0.963) with dopamine concentrations for the same point in time. The slope was 36.8 nM dopamine/microM cocaine and the y-intercept was 29.9 nM dopamine. Maximum dopamine and maximum cocaine concentrations were also found to be linearly related to i.p. dose of cocaine for doses of 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg. PMID- 3208084 TI - Local cerebral glucose utilization of the awake rat during chronic administration of nicotine. AB - Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was measured in 45 regions of the rat brain during chronic nicotine infusion using the quantitative autoradiographic 2 deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose method described by Sokoloff et al. [J. Neurochem., 28 (1977) 897-916]. Osmotic minipumps, filled with L-nicotine, were implanted 14 days before the measurement of LCGU. The infused nicotine dose of 12.5 micrograms/kg/min resulted in a plasma nicotine concentration of 77 +/- 17 and a plasma cotinine concentration of 504 +/- 137 (mean +/- S.E.M.) ng/ml plasma. One day before the LCGU experiment was performed, spontaneous locomotor activity was measured and found to be reduced significantly. Measurement of LCGU showed a significant increase in 6 of the 45 brain structures examined, i.e. globus pallidus, septal nucleus, lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus (superficial grey layer), interpeduncular nucleus and optic chiasm. These results are partly congruent with previous data of our group obtained during acute nicotine infusion, insofar as LCGU was increased in the optic chiasm, the lateral geniculate body, the superior colliculus, and the interpeduncular nucleus. On the other hand, the increased LCGU in the globus pallidus and septal nucleus occurred during chronic infusion only; other structures were not affected by chronic infusion although their LCGU had been raised during acute infusion. It is concluded that chronic nicotine infusion has distinct effects on the functional activity of several brain structures which are partly congruent with those affected during acute nicotine infusion and partly divergent from them. PMID- 3208085 TI - Central motor program for relaxation of periesophageal diaphragm during the expulsive phase of vomiting. AB - Relaxation of the periesophageal diaphragm during expulsion in decerebrate cats was found to arise from central mechanisms rather than a reflex of peripheral origin. Reductions in periesophageal EMG activity during expulsion were similar before and after cervical vagotomy, which abolishes reflex relaxation of the periesophageal diaphragm following esophageal distension. Reduced activity was also observed in a phrenic nerve branch to the periesophageal region during 'fictive vomiting' in a paralyzed animal. PMID- 3208086 TI - Testosterone alters the behavioral response of the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamus to microinjection of arginine vasopressin in the hamster. AB - The medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (MPOA-AH) is necessary for expression of several testosterone-dependent behaviors including a form of hamster scent marking, called flank marking. Since arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a critical role in the control of flank marking by the MPOA-AH the present study examined whether testosterone can influence the amount of flank marking produced by AVP microinjected into the MPOA-AH. The dose-dependent induction of flank marking by AVP was found to be reduced by approximately 50% in castrated male hamsters when compared to intact or testosterone-treated castrates. These data demonstrate that testosterone influences the amount of flank marking produced by AVP within the MPOA-AH. PMID- 3208087 TI - The vasopressin gene is expressed prior to regulation in the supraoptic nuclei of fetal rats. AB - The development of the regulation of vasopressin (prepropressophysin) mRNA in the supraoptic nuclei (SON) of rats was studied using quantitative in situ hybridization. On day 21 of gestation, vasopressin mRNA levels in the SON were increased by osmotic stimulation, with significant positive correlation between vasopressin mRNA levels and plasma osmolality. On day 19 of gestation, vasopressin mRNA levels in the SON were not significantly increased by osmotic stimulation, and no correlation between vasopressin mRNA levels and plasma osmolality was noted. The results suggest that the mechanisms for osmotic regulation of vasopressin mRNA levels develop between days 19 and 21 of gestation, a time course consistent with the initiation of afferent innervation of the SON. PMID- 3208088 TI - Neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area and zona incerta with ascending projections to the subfornical organ area in the rat. AB - Sixteen neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) and 12 neurons in the zona incerta (ZI) were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the subfornical organ (SFO) area in urethane-anesthetized male rats. The activity of these LH and ZI units was examined for response to intracarotid injections of isotonic (0.15 M NaCl solution, 0.05 ml) or hypertonic (0.18 M or 0.3 M NaCl solution, 0.05 ml) saline. All the units did not change their activity to the injections of isotonic saline. Of these units, 9 LH and 5 ZI units displayed an increase and 2 LH and 3 ZI units exhibited a reduction in neuronal activity following the injections of hypertonic saline, while the remaining 5 LH and 3 ZI units were unresponsive. The present results suggest that the LH and ZI neurons with ascending projections to the SFO may carry the information from osmoreceptive elements for modulating the actions of the SFO. PMID- 3208089 TI - Epileptic discharges induced by pentylenetetrazol: changes of shape of dendrites. AB - The effect of the epileptogenic drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) on the shape of dendrites of identified snail neurons was investigated. Comparison between control and test preparations revealed that changes in the shape of dendrites appeared after PTZ treatment: (i) the number of dendrites, especially filopodia like structures, increased; (ii) separations and involutions of dendrites occurred. Both of these changes of dendrites were found either separately or in combination. PMID- 3208091 TI - Facilitation of noradrenergic character of sympathetic neurons by co-culturing with heart cells. AB - Noradrenergic properties of peripheral sympathetic neurons obtained from 10-12 day-old chick embryos were examined under various culture conditions. Sympathetic neurons supported by nerve growth factor in serum-free or serum-containing medium took up significant and almost equivalent amounts of [3H]norepinephrine. The uptake was markedly enhanced when neurons were co-cultured with heart cells, either in the absence or presence of nerve growth factor, for 3 days. The facilitatory effect of heart cells on the uptake was persistent only if the nerve growth factor was present. In its absence there was a gradual decrease in the uptake. Endogenous norepinephrine content was increased by several fold when sympathetic neurons were grown with either heart cells or in a medium conditioned by the heart cells. Sympathetic neurons initially selected in culture by nerve growth factor in regular medium and then exposed to a conditioned medium for 3 days exhibited a marked facilitation of [3H]norepinephrine uptake. The number of surviving neurons was almost constant when culture media were changed. Choline acetyltransferase activity of neurons grown in heart-conditioned medium plus nerve growth factor was not significantly higher than that of neurons grown in regular medium plus nerve growth factor. The overall conclusion of the study is that the noradrenergic character of sympathetic neurons can be further enhanced by heart cells or a medium conditioned by these cells. PMID- 3208090 TI - Purine modulation of cholinomimetic responses in the rat hippocampal slice. AB - Iontophoretic application of carbachol caused excitation of CA1 neurones and decreased the amplitude of antidromic CA1 population spikes recorded extracellularly. Adenosine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the purine analogues N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) and R- and S-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) reduced the effects of carbachol on single cell firing and on the population spike. Responses to excitatory amino acids were unaffected by adenosine except for a small depression of kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate responses at high concentrations. The rank order of potency for the purine reduction of carbachol responses was R-PIA = S-PIA = NECA much greater than adenosine greater than ATP. The actions of purines and purine analogues were antagonized by 8 phenyltheophylline (8-PT) and other xanthine antagonists. Application of 8-PT and other xanthines without prior exposure to purines frequently resulted in marked potentiation of carbachol responses. Thus in the hippocampus, responses to the cholinomimetic carbachol are markedly and selectively reduced by purines acting at the P1 purine receptor type and it appears that endogenous levels of adenosine limit the effects of cholinergic agents. PMID- 3208092 TI - Intraventricular injection of antiserum to nerve growth factor delays the development of amygdaloid kindling. AB - To investigate the possibility that nerve growth factor (NGF) may play some role in the development of kindling, rabbit anti-NGF serum was injected into the third ventricle on the first 3 days of daily electrical stimulation of the basolateral amygdala. The number of stimulations required to reach full amygdaloid kindling increased significantly in the rat injected with anti-NGF serum compared to that in the rat injected with normal rabbit serum. It was confirmed that anti-NGF serum did not act as an anticonvulsant. The results demonstrate that NGF may be important for the long-lasting neuronal changes induced by daily electrical stimulation of the amygdala. PMID- 3208093 TI - Immobilization stress affects oxytocin and vasopressin levels in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic sites. AB - Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) have been localized in various sites within the central nervous system outside the classic hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal axis. This study investigated the effect of immobilization stress on the levels of OT and VP in the hypothalamus, pons-medulla, and the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord. Male Long Evans rats were immobilized for 1 min and sacrificed by guillotine. The tissues were dissected out and homogenized in 0.1 N HCl. The hormone content was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in Sep-pak extracted samples. The data show a decrease in OT content of 33.6% (P less than 0.02) and 42.4% (P less than 0.01) in the hypothalamus and pons-medulla, respectively. In the spinal cord, however, OT levels were increased by 39.1% (not significant), 51.1% (P less than 0.05), and 87.6% (P less than 0.001) in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral segments respectively. The VP content of the hypothalamus and pons-medulla did not change. However, in the spinal cord, the VP content was also increased by 101.4% (P less than 0.01) and by 143.7% (P less than 0.01) in the cervical and lumbosacral segments. The levels of VP in the thoracic segment did not change. The data demonstrate that stress can alter hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic levels of OT as well as spinal cord levels of VP. The exact physiological effects of these changes, particularly within the spinal cord, remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3208094 TI - Soman enhances nicotinic depolarizations, and depresses muscarinic hyperpolarizations in parasympathetic neurons. AB - Intracellular recording techniques were used to study the action of an irreversible anticholinesterase, soman, on cholinergic transmission in cat bladder parasympathetic neurons. With soman (0.1-10 microM) treatment, nicotinic depolarizations were increased in amplitude and prolonged in duration, whereas muscarinic hyperpolarizations showed either a depressed amplitude and prolonged duration, or were completely blocked. These data suggest that the final result of soman action is different at nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-channel complexes in parasympathetic neurons. PMID- 3208095 TI - Physiological modulation by adenosine: selective blockade of A1-receptors with DPCPX enhances stimulus train-evoked neuronal Ca influx in rat hippocampal slices. AB - Decreases in the extracellular Ca2+ concentration (delta Ca) elicited by a 20 Hz/10 s orthodromic stimulus train were measured with combined ion sensitive/recording electrodes in the CA1 area of rat hippocampal slices. Addition of the selective adenosine A1-receptor antagonist, DPCPX, or adenosine deaminase increased evoked delta Ca in the synaptic and pyramidal cell soma layer by more than 100%. This was accompanied by an earlier generation of population spikes during the train. It is concluded that physiological adenosine concentrations of about 1 microM exert a depressive tonus on synaptic transmission and frequency potentiation and that this effect is mediated via A1 receptors. PMID- 3208096 TI - Localization of catecholamines in the buccal ganglia of Aplysia californica. AB - The distribution of catecholamines and serotonin in the buccal ganglia and buccal nerves of Aplysia californica was examined using glyoxylic acid-induced histofluorescence. Three identifiable, medium-sized cell bodies, two paired and one unpaired, and 5 smaller cells fluoresced blue-green indicating the presence of catecholamines. Numerous fluorescent axons were observed in the neuropil and peripheral nerves, including a network of catecholaminergic processes emerging from the esophageal nerve and surrounding the base of the esophagus. The presence of catecholaminergic cells and processes in the buccal system suggests that these transmitters are used in the control of feeding behavior and digestion. PMID- 3208097 TI - Evidence for a Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism in the neuroendocrine cells of the locust corpus cardiacum. AB - The glandular lobe of the locust corpus cardiacum (CC) is a peripheral neuroendocrine gland consisting primarily of neurosecretory cells (NSCs), all of which synthesize, store, and release adipokinetic hormones (AKHs). An influx of extracellular Ca2+ into the NSCs provides an essential trigger for initiating AKH release. In this study we demonstrate that the Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane of these NSCs has a significant influence on the process of AKH release and on Ca2+ fluxes across the membrane. AKHs are released from NSCs when the corpus cardiacum is incubated in Na+-free saline or in K+-free saline with ouabain. The rate of 45Ca2+ efflux from the gland is reduced by 50% when glands are incubated in Na+-free saline compared to normal saline. The amount of 45Ca2+ uptake by Na+-loaded cells is nearly 100% greater in glands exposed to Na+-free saline compared to glands in normal saline. These results are most clearly interpreted by proposing that a Na+/Ca2+ exchange system is present in the NSCs. This system may provide an essential Ca2+ buffering mechanism by extruding Ca2+ from the NSCs following a stimulus-secretion cycle. PMID- 3208098 TI - Decrease of rapid-eye-movement sleep in the light by intraventricular application of a VIP-antagonist in the rat. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been shown to increase the amount of time spent in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep both in cats and in rats. In the present study we examined the effect of a newly available competitive VIP antagonist ([4Cl-D-Phe6-Leu17]-VIP) on sleep-wake patterns in male rats during both the light and the dark phase of 24 h. Continuous intracerebroventricular application of this VIP-antagonist reduced by 44% the amount of time spent in REM sleep during the light period. It is concluded that VIP may play a role in the generation and maintenance of REM sleep. PMID- 3208099 TI - Pre-movement facilitation of motor-evoked potentials in man during transcranial stimulation of the central motor pathways. AB - Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) following trans-cranial stimulation (TCS) through unifocal electric or magnetic impulses have been evaluated in the pre-movement period in 8 healthy volunteers. By utilizing a simple reaction time paradigm, progressive amplitude increments and latency decrements of MEPs have been demonstrated in the 100 ms preceding the onset of EMG activity in the muscle examined. By employing surface and depth recordings from various muscles of hand and forearm contralateral to the TCS, it was observed that in the 'early' period of pre-EMG facilitation (100-60 ms before EMG onset) TCS solely recruited the same low-threshold motor units which are fired first during self-paced contractions. In the 'middle and late' epochs of pre-EMG facilitation, TCS served when MEPs were recorded from a relaxed muscle, during TCS of progressively higher intensity. Multiple muscle recordings showed that pre-EMG facilitation was remarkably limited to the muscular group of the hand primarily involved in the intended movement. PMID- 3208100 TI - Kappa-bungarotoxin blocks an alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic receptor in the insect central nervous system. AB - Snake venom kappa-neurotoxins are selective antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine responses in avian, murine and bovine neurons, and have been used as probes for functionally defined vertebrate neuronal nicotinic receptors. The actions of kappa-bungarotoxin, a kappa-neurotoxin, have now been examined at a central invertebrate nicotinic receptor. kappa-Bungarotoxin is a potent antagonist (IC50 = 100 nM) of nicotinic responses, producing a long-lasting blockade of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The blockade appears to be competitive, and voltage-clamp experiments on an identified cockroach motorneuron indicate that the actions of kappa-bungarotoxin are not dependent on membrane potential. alpha-Bungarotoxin is also a potent antagonist at the cockroach central nicotinic receptor, and binds (Kd = 4.3 nM) to a nicotinic site in cockroach nervous tissue. kappa-Bungarotoxin recognizes this invertebrate nicotinic site with high affinity (Ki = 27 nM). A comparison of the pharmacological properties of insect nicotinic receptors with those of functionally defined receptors identified by kappa-neurotoxins in avian autonomic ganglia reveals several similarities. However, a striking exception is alpha bungarotoxin, which is the most potent antagonist examined at cockroach nicotinic receptors, but fails to recognize functional autonomic ganglia nicotinic receptors even at very high concentrations. It is concluded that kappa neurotoxins can be used as selective probes for neuronal nicotinic receptors in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Although invertebrates diverged from vertebrates over 600 million years ago, the results indicate that the neuronal nicotinic receptors found in species as diverse as cockroach and chick retain considerable structural similarity, and thus neuronal nicotinic receptors appear to be highly conserved membrane proteins. PMID- 3208101 TI - Bicuculline blocks the response to acetylcholine and nicotine but not to muscarine or GABA in isolated insect neuronal somata. AB - The isolated somata of neurons from the thoracic ganglia of the locust, Locusta migratoria, respond to pressure microapplication of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine. The acetylcholine receptors fall into two groups. ACh1 (activated by nicotine) and ACh2 (activated by muscarine). The GABA receptor and the ACh1 receptor differ in pharmacology from the known vertebrate receptors. The GABA receptor is insensitive to bicuculline and its salts up to a concentration of 10(-4) M. In contrast, bicuculline is a moderately potent, at least partially competitive antagonist of the ACh1 receptor-mediated response in the thoracic neuronal somata. These observations suggest that classical diagnostic compounds such as bicuculline may show greater cross-reactivity than hitherto suspected among the members of the superfamily of ligand-activated channels. PMID- 3208102 TI - Increase in extracellular potassium level in rat spinal dorsal horn induced by noxious stimulation and peripheral injury. AB - Changes in extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]e) in dorsal horn were studied by means of double-barrel K+-sensitive microelectrodes in rats anesthetized with Nembutal. Acute nociceptive stimuli (pinch, press, heat) applied to the hind paw induced a transient increase in [K+]e of about 0.1-0.5 mM which persisted for 5 30 s. Regional variations in [K+]e were found in unstimulated rat spinal cords. The K+ level in the lower dorsal horn (laminae III-V) was by about 0.4 +/- 0.06 mM higher than that in more superficial laminae and in the ventral horn. Chemical or thermal injury was evoked by: s.c. injection of 0.1-0.5 ml formalin or turpentine into the hind paw, by application of mustard oil onto the skin, or by thermal injury of the hind paw. These produced a long-term increase in [K+]e in the lower dorsal horn by 0.3-3.0 mM in 75% of animals (n = 27). The increase in [K+]e began 5-15 min after injury and persisted for more than 2 h. In the rest of the animals, occasional elevation in [K+]e of 0.1-0.3 mM were observed. The K+ increases evoked by acute nociceptive stimuli as well as by injury were blocked by preinjecting the hind paw with 1% procaine. However, when procaine was applied 20 min or later after injury, the evoked long-term rise in [K+]e was not affected. This shows that the long-term K+ accumulation results from self sustained abnormal neuronal firing induced in the dorsal horn by injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208103 TI - Differential localization of adenosine A1 receptors in the rat hippocampus: quantitative autoradiographic study. AB - [3H]Cyclohexyladenosine ([offCHA) was used to label adenosine A1 receptors in the rat hippocampus by quantitative autoradiography, and selective lesions in the neurons intrinsic to CA1 and CA3 subfields were chemically produced to determine the cellular localization of A1 receptors. Lesioning the CA3 subfield by intracerebroventricular kainic acid injection caused a 50% reduction in the maximal binding capacity of [3H]CHA in the CA3 subfield with no alteration in binding affinity. Five days after unilateral CA3 lesioning, a reduction of [3H]CHA binding by 10-30% of ipsi- and contralateral was observed in the dendritic fields in the CA1 region, though a significant reduction was restricted to the ipsilateral stratum radiatum. Thirty-five days after CA3 lesioning, [3H]CHA binding in the stratum radiatum in the CA1 subfield ipsilateral to the CA3 lesion revealed a small reduction in Bmax values but no alteration in Bmax in other sublayers of the CA1. The Kd values in all regions of the hippocampus were not different from the control values. Selective CA1 pyramidal cell lesioning by transient ischemia caused a 70% reduction of [3H]CHA binding sites in the CA1 subfield. Neither CA1 nor CA3 lesions altered [3H]CHA binding in the stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus. These results suggest that only a small population of adenosine A1 receptors are associated with the terminals of the CA3 pyramidal cells (Schaffer collaterals and commissural fibers) in the CA1 subfield. A1 receptors in the CA1 and CA3 subfields are predominantly located on intrinsic pyramidal cells. PMID- 3208104 TI - The activity of late inspiratory cells during the behavioral inhibition of inspiration. AB - Cats can be trained to stop inspiration behaviorally--a response mediated by inactivation of brainstem inspiratory neurons. Neurons that discharge late in the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle may terminate that phase; therefore, such cells may be activated behaviorally to inhibit inspiration. To test this hypothesis, we studied the activity of late-onset inspiratory neurons located in the dorsal and ventral medullary respiratory groups in cats trained to stop inspiration behaviorally. Twenty-eight of 112 respiratory neurons were classified as late-onset inspiratory neurons. They had an average eta 2 value of 0.58 (+/- 0.13, S.D.) and an average maximal discharge rate of 42 Hz (+/- 18, S.D.). For most cells, the period of activity varied under different conditions: some extended their activity into early inspiration; others, into early expiration. Eighteen of these late-onset inspiratory neurons were completely silent when the animals stopped inspiration behaviorally, and 10 discharged only a few action potentials. The latter response was weak and inconsistent, and we conclude that late inspiratory cells do not inhibit other brainstem inspiratory cells when animals stop inspiration behaviorally. PMID- 3208105 TI - Preferential cholinergic projections by embryonic spinal cord neurons within cocultured mouse superior cervical ganglia. AB - The development of preferential cholinergic projections of spinal cord neurons within superior cervical ganglia (SCG) was analyzed in vitro using cocultures of SCGs (E17) with organotypic explants of fetal mouse cord (E13). The cord explants consisted of: (1) dorsal vs medioventral strips or mediodorsal vs ventral strips (dissected from levels C8-T4), or (2) transverse sections cut at various levels of the neuraxis. After 4 weeks of coculture, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was assayed in individual explants to quantify development of the cholinergic neurotransmitter enzyme (a) within the cord neurons, and (b) within the SCG. An index of cholinergic interaction was calculated as the relative ChAT activity in cocultured ganglion per unit ChAT activity in the ipsilateral cord strip. The highest index value (0.7) was obtained in cocultures with mediodorsal strips of cord. The index of interaction was progressively lower with medioventral (0.4), ventral (0.3) and dorsal (0.1) cord. In cocultures of transverse sections of spinal cord and SCGs, the highest indices of cholinergic interaction (expressed per hemisection of cord) were obtained with cord levels T1/T2 (1.0) and T5 (0.9). The index decreased with T9 (0.7) and was significantly lower with segments C2/C3 (0.3) and L2/L3 (0.19). Addition of a skeletal muscle target explant to the cord SCG cocultures did not alter the preferential index of interaction between SCG and upper thoracic cord levels. Furthermore, the cholinergic cord neurons in medioventral strips did not promote increase of ChAT activity into equally accessible cocultured ganglia of inappropriate phenotype, e.g. sensory dorsal root ganglia. Decentralization of SCGs after coculture with appropriate T1/T2 cord resulted in loss of ganglionic ChAT activity. Electrical stimulation of the medial region in T1/T2 cord explants evoked compound ganglion action potentials in cocultured SCGs. The ganglion responses were blocked by hexamethonium. These data suggested that neurons located in the medial region of upper thoracic cord (presumably autonomic preganglionic) are able to develop enhanced cholinergic projections within cocultured SCGs, in comparison with neurons located in ventral cord (presumably motoneurons). In contrast, dorsal cord neurons showed no significant cholinergic interaction with SCGs. Furthermore, neurons located in upper thoracic spinal cord segments develop enhanced cholinergic projections within cocultured SCGs in comparison with neurons located in cervical and lumbar cord segments. PMID- 3208106 TI - Astroglia-induced detachment of central neurons but astroglia-dependent growth of peripheral neurons in rat embryonic spinal cord primary cultures. AB - In mixed primary cultures, intrinsic neurons from embryonic mammalian brains degenerate secondary to their detachment from the substratum and this is caused by the under-growing co-cultured astroglia. In the present study we sought to find out whether or not peripheral neurons, sensory and motor neurons which reside and/or only project outside the CNS respectively, interact with astroglia similarly as their central counterparts do. Mixed primary cultures prepared from dissociated embryonic rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia were examined by phase and immunofluorescence microscopy after labeling with antibodies to neurofilaments (neuronal markers) and to glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin (astroglia markers). Acetylcholinesterase staining served as a marker for motor neurons. In this system astroglia grew exclusively under intrinsic neurons of the spinal cord and with time (about 8 days) all these neurons detached and disappeared. In contrast, astroglia were intimately associated with perikarya of peripheral neurons, sometimes growing over them. Furthermore, the neuritic processes of these neurons were attached to the undergrowing astroglia. Central neurons could be rescued by treatment of cultures with the antimitotic drug cytosine arabinoside which led to the elimination of astroglia. However, this treatment resulted in death of all peripheral neurons. We conclude: (1) survival of intrinsic CNS neurons in culture is independent of astroglia; (2) astroglia are responsible for the detachment of these neurons from their growth substratum; (3) survival of peripheral sensory and motoneurons is dependent on co cultured astroglia and (4) the differences in neuron-astroglia interactions between central and peripheral neurons are membrane-associated and probably independent of soluble factors. PMID- 3208107 TI - An analysis of frequency response of motor units during voluntary isometric contractions at various speeds. AB - To ascertain the differences in discharge properties of a hand muscle between ramp and ballistic contractions, firing frequencies of 48 motor units of adductor pollicis muscle were analyzed during 3-kg isometric voluntary contractions at various force speeds. The force exertions were classified into 3 degrees: slow ramp, fast ramp, and ballistic contractions. The instantaneous frequencies (IFs) of motor units increased gradually when the force exertions were progressed to the target in slow and fast ramp contractions. The slopes of the linear regression equations between IFs and force levels were almost all constant during slow ramp contractions and were scattered slightly during fast ramp contractions. However, the slopes during ballistic contractions scattered widely. The y intercepts of the same regression lines increased slightly with respect to the increment of force speed when slow and fast ramp contractions were performed. However, a remarkably wide variation of the y-intercepts was observed during ballistic contractions. Motor units could be fired at high frequencies at the beginning of discharge when ballistic contractions were performed as compared with slow and fast ramp contractions. PMID- 3208108 TI - Ipsilateral somatosensory tongue representation within the lateral subdivision of the nucleus ventralis posteromedialis parvocellularis of the cat thalamus. AB - Neurons in the lateral subdivision of nucleus ventralis posteromedialis parvocellularis (VPMpcl) were studied in urethanchloralose anesthetized cats. The great majority of units responded to innocuous mechanical stimulation of the ipsilateral tongue, and the rest were responsive to innocuous mechanical stimulation of intraoral structures outside the tongue. No units responded to gustatory stimulation. These findings support the idea that VPMpcl receives ipsilateral trigeminal somatosensory input rather than gustatory input. PMID- 3208109 TI - The distribution of thalamic projection neurons containing cholecystokinin messenger RNA, using in situ hybridization histochemistry and retrograde labeling. AB - The distribution of cholecystokinin (CCK) synthesizing neurons in the thalamus was studied using in situ hybridization histochemistry. The message coding for CCK is present at different levels of intensity in almost all neurons (95%) of the anterior, ventral, medial and lateral groups of nuclei, with the ventral nuclei having the highest grain density. Many neurons (90%) of the medial and dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei also contained high levels of CCK transcripts. Very few neurons were found to express CCK in the parafascicular and paraventricular nuclei (2% and 10%, respectively), whereas the other intralaminar and midline nuclei had intermediate levels of CCK transcripts (75% of the neurons). The ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and the reticular nucleus were completely devoid of signal. After injection of the fluorescent dye, Fluorogold, into several areas of the cortex and corpus striatum, almost all retrogradely labeled cells in the thalamus (except in the parafascicular nucleus) expressed the CCK gene. PMID- 3208110 TI - Nucleotide sequences of two embryonic drebrins, developmentally regulated brain proteins, and developmental change in their mRNAs. AB - Drebrins are developmentally regulated proteins found in chicken brain and are classified into two forms of the embryonic type (E1 and E2) and one form of the adult type (A). Although the time courses of their appearance are different from each other, the structures of the 3 forms are closely related. Two kinds of drebrin cDNA, designated gDcw6 and gDcw17, were isolated from the cDNA library of the chicken embryo and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Their sequences were entirely identical except for a deletion of an internal 129 nucleotide sequence, and the gDcw17 insert contained an open reading frame capable of encoding 607 amino acids. These cDNAs seemed to correspond to two embryonic forms of drebrin mRNAs. The predicted drebrin molecules are highly hydrophilic and have proline-rich sequences and long stretches of glutamate in the carboxyl-terminal region. RNA dot-blot analysis using the drebrin cDNA as a probe demonstrated that the amounts of drebrin mRNAs were also developmentally regulated as those of drebrins. Southern blot analysis showed that the chicken genome has a single copy of the drebrin gene per haploid complement. These findings suggest that the multiple forms of drebrins result from alternative splicing of the single drebrin gene during neural development. PMID- 3208111 TI - Preprocholecystokinin mRNA in rat brain: regional expression includes thalamus. AB - The regional distribution of forebrain neurons expressing preprocholecystokinin (preproCCK) mRNA was examined using in situ and blot hybridization analysis. We observed a distribution of neurons containing preproCCK mRNA closely parallel to that reported for CCK immunoreactivity, with the exception of the thalamus. In this CCK-immunoreactive cell body-poor structure, we detected relatively abundant RNA: probe hybridization using both our techniques. Control experiments suggested that the hybridizing species in thalamus is authentic preproCCK mRNA. This suggests that there exist forebrain neurons expressing the CCK gene which have gone undetected in immunocytochemical studies. PMID- 3208113 TI - Differential enhancement of rapid eye movement sleep signs in the cat: a comparison of microinjection of the cholinergic agonist carbachol and the beta adrenergic antagonist propranolol on pontogeniculo-occipital wave clusters. AB - The cholinergic agonist carbachol and the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol were microinjected at the same pontine sites and their effects on polygraphic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, especially pontogeniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, were measured. While both propranolol and carbachol enhanced PGO wave activity and polygraphic REM sleep, the carbachol-correlated enhancement was more impressive. The increases in REM sleep signs elicited by carbachol were 5-fold over baseline and lasted throughout the 4-h recording period. Propranolol elicited 2.5-fold increases that were significant in the first 2 h only. Yet, the increase in PGO wave activity evoked by propranolol was equal to that of carbachol during non-REM sleep and wakefulness. The results indicate that while propranolol is less potent in activating the distributed neuronal network responsible for REM sleep generation, it selectively facilities that part of the network responsible for PGO waves. PMID- 3208112 TI - Granule cell loss and dendritic regrowth in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the rat after chronic alcohol consumption. AB - The effects of chronic alcohol consumption (CAC) on the relative number of dentate gyrus granule cells and their dendritic trees, were studied in animals fed alcohol for 6, 12 and 18 months and in their respective controls. The granule cell density was estimated with the unbiased disector method. Following 6 months of alcohol consumption, the thickness of the dentate gyrus granular layer and the relative number of dentate granule cells were significantly decreased when compared with controls. The granule cell dendritic arborizations showed an increase of their dendritic extent in alcohol-treated rats. No significant differences were found in the density of dendritic spines between alcohol-fed and control animals. These results indicate the existence of hippocampal granule cell dendritic regrowth in alcohol-fed rats, probably occurring as a compensatory response to the granule cell deficit which follows the alcohol-induced granule cell degeneration. These degenerative and regenerative changes might have functional implications for the organization of the synaptic hippocampal circuitry after long periods of alcohol consumption. PMID- 3208114 TI - Effects of electrical stimulation of autonomic nervous system on degranulation of von Ebner's gland acini. AB - In a series of studies to understand interactions between taste sensation and salivary gland function, we are pursuing experiments to determine the autonomic nervous system control of von Ebner's lingual salivary glands. Electrical stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which contains the parasympathetic nerve supply to von Ebner's glands, caused a reduction in secretory granules of the glands in the rat. This depletion of granules could be blocked by prior administration of the parasympathetic antagonist, atropine. In contrast, electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve supply was ineffective in causing granule depletion in von Ebner's gland, but produced almost total degranulation in the parotid gland of the same animals. It is concluded that parasympathetic nerves exert the principal control over von Ebner's gland, acinar degranulation in the rat; this is compared with autonomic control of other salivary glands that have a dual peripheral control by parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. PMID- 3208115 TI - Peripheral regulation of stiffness during arm movements by coactivation of the antagonist muscles. AB - Two experiments investigated whether unexpected and differential loading of a rapid, unsighted arm movement resulted in the central nervous system (CNS) regulating limb stiffness by modifying the associated neuromuscular activity. In Experiment 1, subjects completed multiple, spring-loaded training trials until a prespecified criterion of learning was attained. On selected trials, the spring load was unexpectedly replaced by an inertial load. Results indicated that to maintain positional accuracy during this inertial load trial, limb stiffness was increased by coactivating the antagonist muscles, i.e. by changing the associated neuromuscular activity from a predominantly triphasic pattern to one of coactivation. In Experiment 2, the sequence of loading was reversed producing a change in the required limb stiffness from a relatively high to low level. This change was observed as a pattern of coactivation being replaced by a triphasic activity pattern. These results support the notion that limb stiffness is regulated primarily through modification of the neuromuscular activity pattern prior to movement termination. It was also demonstrated that the size of the unexpected load did not affect the basic activation pattern selected by the CNS. It is proposed that the signal which triggers the CNS to regulate limb stiffness is based on peripheral information generated as a result of agonist activity occurring during the first part of the movement. PMID- 3208117 TI - Lateralization and adaptation of a continuously variable behavior following lesions of a reticulospinal command neuron. AB - This study utilizes digitized cinematic data and lesions of individual Mauthner (M-) cells, large medial reticulospinal command neurons, to examine their role in goldfish C-starts elicited by displacement stimuli. Our results show a major difference in response lateralization in animals with only one M-cell compared to those with both cells intact, or both cells absent. Animals with one M-cell responded by turning to the side opposite the remaining M-cell in 94% of the trials, whereas those with both M-cells intact or both cells absent responded with equal probability to both sides. When the M-cells were absent, the responses were on the average 4 ms longer in latency. This difference may confer a behaviorally significant advantage to the M-cell in blocking other networks that can trigger C-starts. Nevertheless, with the exception of latency, the central program producing the escape behavior adapts automatically to the absence of both M-cells: animals with bilateral M-cell lesions continued to produce the full spectrum of kinematic performance levels seen in intact animals. PMID- 3208116 TI - Effects of D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide microinjections placed into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis upon affective defense behavior in the cat. AB - This study examined the effects of intracerebral injections of D-Ala2-Met5 enkephalinamide (DAME) upon hypothalamically elicited hissing behavior in the cat. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) was selected for investigation because of its anatomical connections with the medial hypothalamus, its relatively high concentrations of enkephalins and opiate receptors and its demonstrated ability to modulate hypothalamically elicited aggressive reactions in the cat. DAME microinjected into the BNST in 1.0 or 10.0 micrograms/0.5 microliter quantities resulted in significant dose dependent increases in mean latencies for elicitation of the hissing response. Suppression of hissing following the 1.0 microgram dose of DAME was selectively diminished by prior administration of naloxone. These findings suggest that the opiate receptors within the BNST play a role in the regulation of the hissing component of hypothalamically elicited affective defense behavior. PMID- 3208118 TI - The role of short-term hypobaric hypoxia in prevention of disorders of the cerebral circulation in rats during acoustic stress. AB - The 2 h influence of the 'altitude' of 5000 m on the genetically epilepsy-prone rats of the KM line reduces the death rate and the extent of neurological changes (the frequency and severity of motion disorders and the development of intracranial haemorrhages) under the conditions of acoustic stress. PMID- 3208119 TI - Basal and amphetamine-induced asymmetries in striatal dopamine release and metabolism: bilateral in vivo microdialysis in normal rats. AB - In vivo microdialysis was used to monitor bilaterally the release of dopamine and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the striata of both anesthetized and awake, freely moving female rats. Under baseline conditions, an asymmetry in dopamine release was reciprocally related to an asymmetry in DOPAC. Baseline dopamine and DOPAC asymmetries were predictive of the preferred direction of amphetamine-induced rotation: the striatum having higher dopamine and lower DOPAC was contralateral to the preferred direction of rotation. Amphetamine (D-amphetamine sulfate, 1.25 mg/kg) enhanced dopamine release and decreased DOPAC and HVA; the increase in dopamine was greater in the ipsilateral striatum. Effects in anesthetized and awake rats were similar. Variations in rotation and in the dopamine asymmetry after amphetamine were correlated across time within individual awake rats. PMID- 3208120 TI - Cholecystokinin antagonist lorglumide reverses chronic haloperidol-induced effects on dopamine neurons. AB - Intravenous administration of the cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist lorglumide (LORG) reversed chronic haloperidol (CHAL)-induced depolarization inactivation (DI) of dopamine (DA) cells in both the A9 and A10 areas. Moreover, microinjection of LORG, but not naloxone, directly into the medial nucleus accumbens (mNAc) dose-dependently reversed CHAL-induced effect. LORG injected into other brain regions was without effect. These results suggest that CCK receptors in the mNAc form an important link for maintaining CHAL-induced DI of DA cells and that CCK is involved in the therapeutic action of antipsychotic drugs. PMID- 3208121 TI - Human neuronal cell viability demonstrated in culture after cryopreservation. AB - A human neuronal cell freezing technique has been developed. The results indicate that human fetal neuronal cells can be frozen with 7%-10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectant. The survival of isolated thawed cells has been evaluated in culture. Cells have been frozen at -196 degrees C for 370 days without loss of viability. Average recovery rate of frozen cells was 62% of the recovery rate of cultured unfrozen controls. Thawed cells show neurite outgrowth and maintain both cellular markers such as neuron specific enolase (NSE) and neurochemical characteristics (GABA synthesis). Morphological integrity of cryopreserved neurons has been confirmed at ultrastructural level. PMID- 3208122 TI - Chemical adrenalectomy reduces hippocampal damage induced by kainic acid. AB - Glucocorticoids (GCs), the adrenal steroids secreted during stress, have numerous catabolic effects which include damage to neurons of the hippocampus, a principal neural target site for the steroids. In the rat, the extent of GC exposure over the lifespan is a major determinant of the rate of hippocampal neuron death during aging. GCs also modulate the severity of hippocampal damage in the rat following insults such as seizure or hypoxia-ischemia. As evidence, exogenous GCs exacerbate, while adrenalectomy attenuates hippocampal damage after these insults. Thus, it is possible that diminution of endogenous GC secretion might protect the human hippocampus after similar neurological insults; adrenalectomy under such circumstances is obviously not a viable clinical option. We demonstrate the protective effects of transient chemical adrenalectomy with the GC synthesis inhibitor, metyrapone. Rats were microinfused with the excitotoxin kainic acid in order to induce status epilepticus seizures; this insult caused a significant GC stress-response. Attenuation of that response with metyrapone reduced the CA3 hippocampal damage produced by kainic acid. Metyrapone did not change the intensity of seizures, but rather, apparently, changed the capacity of neurons to withstand the seizure. Thus, metyrapone, which is used safely and efficaciously in other clinical contexts, might prove protective of the brain following seizure in the human. PMID- 3208123 TI - A topographic study of the course of nigral axons and of the distribution of pallidal axonal endings in the centre median-parafascicular complex of macaques. AB - The combination of autoradiographic and topographic methods in macaques reveals that nigral axons only cross through the medial part of the parafascicular nucleus and end more dorsally and anteriorly in the thalamus. Pallidal endings are scarce in the centre median and essentially located in the lateral parafascicular nucleus. It is proposed here to consider the centre median parafascicular complex as a part of the basal ganglia. PMID- 3208124 TI - Excitatory action of a plant extract, stizolobic acid, in the isolated spinal cord of the rat. AB - Actions of stizolobic acid, stizolobinic acid and their derivatives were examined on the isolated spinal cord of the newborn rat. The responses were recorded from the ventral root. Stizolobic acid and its bromo-derivatives caused a depolarizing response in a dose-dependent manner. Stizolobinic acid was considerably less potent than stizolobic acid. Depolarizing responses to stizolobic acid and its bromo-derivatives were not affected by the existence of Mg2+ and specific N methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. Kynurenate depressed responses to stizolobic acid. These results suggest that stizolobic acid is a new excitatory amino acid in the mammalian central neurons which binds preferably to other receptors than the NMDA-type receptor. PMID- 3208125 TI - GABAergic subsensitivity of dorsal raphe neurons in vitro after chronic benzodiazepine treatment in vivo. AB - Previous studies have shown that chronic benzodiazepine treatment reduces the in vivo sensitivity of dorsal raphe neurons (DRN) to microiontophoretically applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). We have examined sensitivity of DRN in vitro using a modified midbrain slice technique which allows side-by-side analysis of slices from control and chronic diazepam-treated rats. GABA sensitivity of raphe neurons was reduced in slices from rats treated for 3 weeks with diazepam, compared to control sensitivity. Thus, GABA subsensitivity following chronic diazepam treatment appears to be dependent on changes intrinsic to the midbrain area. PMID- 3208126 TI - Output pathway for turning behavior from the neostriatum and substantia nigra in cats. AB - The goal of the present work was to study the output pathway of the information for turning behavior originating in the striatum and coursing through the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR). In 45 adult cats distributed in 3 groups, Ni-Cr electrodes were implanted in the caudate nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata and depending on the animal group in the superior colliculus (SC), nucleus ventralis lateralis/nucleus ventralis medialis (VL/VM) complex or nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus (TPP) of one cerebral hemisphere. The threshold current required to evoke turning behavior was determined in each animal for each implantation site. An electrolytic lesion of the superior colliculus, the VL/VM complex or the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus was carried out in each group of cats. The effects of the lesions on behavior and on the electrical threshold currents were determined and compared with the prelesion values. Finally the extent of the lesions and electrode positions were analyzed. The results show that the substantia nigra pars reticulata is the structure with the lowest thresholds for turning and that the superior colliculus appears to be more relevant for carrying the information for turning than either the VL/VM complex or the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus. PMID- 3208127 TI - Behavioral abnormalities induced by frontal cortical and nucleus accumbens lesions. AB - In previous studies, we have demonstrated that in male rats, unilateral right hemisphere lesions of either the frontolateral cortex or the nucleus accumbens (NAS) result in significant postoperative locomotor hyperactivity. In the present study we carried out two experiments to assess whether the production of hyperactivity in response to these two lesions is mediated through a common mechanism. In the first experiment, male Sprague-Dawley rats received either unilateral frontocortical suction and/or unilateral electrolytic lesions of the NAS. Only rats with lesions of the right hemisphere (suction and/or electrolytic) developed locomotor hyperactivity. Similar lesions in the left hemisphere did not result in behavioral changes. While both right cortical and NAS lesions alone produced hyperactivity, there was no additive effect of both lesions. In the second experiment, the effect of cortical lesions on NAS dopaminergic activity was assessed. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either a right, left or sham frontocortical suction lesion, and were sacrificed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery. Right hemisphere suction lesions produced a significant bilateral increase in NAS and caudate nucleus dopamine turnover (as measured by DOPAC/DA ratio) 4 weeks post-lesion, while similar left hemisphere lesions did not. These findings suggest that lesions in the dorsolateral frontal cortex and NAS may affect locomotor activity through a common mechanism mediated through the NAS. PMID- 3208128 TI - Parallel suppression of extensor muscle tone and respiration by stimulation of pontine dorsal tegmentum in decerebrate cat. AB - This paper describes the pontine brainstem area responsible for the suppression of postural muscle tone as well as of respiration in acute precollicular postmammillary decerebrate (mesencephalic) cats. Stimulation of the dorsal part of the pontine tegmentum (DTF) along the midline (P4-P7, H-5 to H-6) decreased the bilateral tone of the hindlimb extensor muscles and the diaphragmatic activity. Tonic discharges of the extensor muscles were suppressed by DTF stimulation and the suppression of muscle activity continued for more than 5 min after termination of the stimulation. In contrast, the suppression of the diaphragmatic activity, which resulted in apnea in some of the animals tested, resumed in spite of the continuation of the stimulation. However, the rebound augmentation of the diaphragmatic activity appeared immediately after the termination of the stimulation. The existence of such a rebound phenomenon suggested that the suppressive effects on the diaphragmatic activity persisted during the entire period of the stimulation. The recovery of respiratory movements during the stimulation led us to suggest that the strong respiratory drives emerge to overcome the exerted DTF-elicited suppressive effects on respiration. In the paralyzed and vagotomized animal, the DTF-elicited suppressive effects on phrenic neural discharges were minimal when the end-tidal pCO2 was set at a higher level than during spontaneous breathing. PMID- 3208129 TI - Calcium-dependent and -independent release of endogenous dopamine from rat striatal synaptosomes. AB - We examined the role of calcium in the stimulus-secretion coupling process of brain neurons by measuring the potassium-stimulated release of endogenous dopamine from striatal synaptosomes in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium. Intracellular free calcium levels were also monitored under these conditions using the fluorescent calcium chelator, fura-2. The fast-phase (less than 3 s) of potassium-stimulated dopamine release was completely blocked by removing calcium from the external medium. Elimination of calcium from the medium with EGTA only partially blocked the slow phase (60 s) of K+-stimulated dopamine release. Depolarization of synaptosomes in the presence of extracellular calcium significantly increased intracellular calcium levels as measured by fura-2. No changes in intracellular calcium were observed during depolarization in calcium free-medium. Reductions in the sodium concentration of the extracellular medium produced a significant increase in the basal release of dopamine under calcium free conditions. Depolarization of synaptosomes under these conditions markedly enhanced the release of dopamine. These results suggest that the slow-phase of dopamine release from synaptosomes does not require calcium but may be mediated via the reversal of the sodium-linked dopamine transport system. PMID- 3208130 TI - Prefrontal representation of stimulus attributes during delay tasks. I. Unit activity in cross-temporal integration of sensory and sensory-motor information. AB - The activity of 294 single units was recorded from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of monkeys performing two visual discrimination tasks with delayed response. One task, delayed matching-to-sample (DMS), required memory of a colored cue for later (18 s) matching and choice of color; the cue did not connote the location of the delayed response. The other task, delayed conditional position discrimination (DCPD), required memory of a colored cue for later (18 s) choice of spatial response; the cue did connote delayed-response location. All 4 cues (red and green in DMS, yellow and blue in DCPD) were isoluminous and appeared in identical location at trial start. Differential unit reactions to the two DCPD cues were more common than those to the two DMS cues (samples). During the delay period, 15% of all units showed, in one task or the other, differential discharge depending on the cue. In DCPD, a large proportion of the units showing direction-related activity at the time of motor response also reacted with a firing frequency change to one or both (spatially identical) trial-initiating cues. Some units showed coherence of cue-related and response-related changes in accord with the behavioral association between color and direction of response (i.e., yellow-right, blue-left). The reactivity of some units was correlated with the behavioral performance of the tasks in terms of correctness or incorrectness of response. The results indicate that, during visual delay tasks, neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may process both spatial and non-spatial information. Because of their protracted differential discharge between cue and response (i.e., during the delay), some units seem involved in the transfer of sensory information across time. These findings suggest the role of prefrontal neurons in the representation of multiple attributes of sensory stimuli, including their associated motor connotations, and the overlap of the cortical representations of different attributes. They are also consistent with the role of the prefrontal cortex in the cross-temporal mediation of sensory-motor contingencies and, therefore, the temporal organization of behavior. PMID- 3208131 TI - Prefrontal representation of stimulus attributes during delay tasks. II. The role of behavioral significance. AB - Rhesus monkeys were trained to perform two visual discrimination tasks with delayed response. In both tasks, the response depended on the color of the cue, a lighted circle in the center of a panel. Red and green guided one task, yellow and blue the other. In the course of performance, a fifth color (violet), non relevant and inconsequential, was presented at random in the same location as the cues. All 5 stimuli were of equal brightness. Many cells in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (sulcus principalis and superior convexity) treated the relevant cues differently than the irrelevant stimulus. In general, cellular reactions to that stimulus were of lesser magnitude than the reactions to the cues. Cell reaction differences as a function of stimulus significance outnumbered and overshadowed differences as a function of cue-color or any other task variable. The results indicate that, during visual delay tasks, units in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex differentiate stimuli by their behavioral significance, as well as by other stimulus attributes, including color. Because the motivational evaluation of sensory stimuli is an integral part of the cognitive processes in delay tasks (together with short-term memory and motor set), these results support the notion that the prefrontal cortex integrates motivational inputs into the structure of behavioral action. PMID- 3208132 TI - A comparison of the distributions of eight peptides in spinal cord from normal controls and cases of motor neurone disease with special reference to Onuf's nucleus. AB - The distributions of 8 peptides were studied in the 4 major segmental levels (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) of the spinal cord in 52 neurologically normal cases. Similar regions from 36 cases of motor neurone disease (MND) were compared using the same procedures to determine possible changes in the distribution of peptides in areas associated with sensory, motor and autonomic function. In normal spinal cords, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, the C flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON)-, enkephalin-, galanin-, neurokinin like-, somatostatin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive fibres were abundant in the dorsal horn. Numerous somatostatin-immunoreactive cell bodies were also present. In the ventral horn, immunoreactive fibres were less abundant. Most motoneurones were closely apposed by fibres immunoreactive for enkephalin, neurokinin, somatostatin and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH). A subpopulation of motoneurones, most notable in lumbar segments, displayed CGRP immunoreactivity. In common with autonomic nuclei, Onuf's nucleus, which is thought to innervate perineal striated muscle and external urethral and anal sphincters, was densely innervated with CPON-, enkephalin-, and in particular somatostatin-immunoreactive fibres, thus suggesting Onuf's nucleus may have an autonomic component. In the diseased cords, there was a reduction in the area of the ventral horn and numbers of motoneurones as revealed by conventional histological staining and immunostaining of neurofilament triplet proteins. No changes in the distribution of peptides was noted in the dorsal horn or autonomic nuclei. By contrast, in the ventral horn, neurokinin-, enkephalin-, somatostatin- and TRH-immunoreactive fibres, which are normally found associated with motoneurones, were absent. Therefore, not only are motoneurones lost in MND, but also the fibres which innervate them. CGRP-immunoreactive motoneurones were not observed, a finding consistent with the proposed role of this peptide as a muscle trophic factor. In contrast to the large motoneurone groups in the ventral horn, the neuronal integrity of Onuf's nucleus and the peptides associated with it were spared. These data further imply that Onuf's nucleus is not a typical motor nucleus and it is not purely somatic. The coincident loss of peptide immunoreactivity and motoneurones from the large motor nuclei and sparing of Onuf's nucleus and its peptide-containing constituents in the diseased state suggests that peptides contribute to maintenance of neural integrity. PMID- 3208133 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of actin in neurites of cultured embryonic chick dorsal root ganglia: actin is a component of granular, microtubule-associated crossbridges. AB - Axons have been shown to contain substantial quantities of actin distributed along their length. However, the general lack of information on the structure and organizational state of this protein in axons has made it difficult to assign it a functional role. In the present study, we used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry (immunogold labeling) on neurites from cultured embryonic chick dorsal root ganglia to: (1) determine the distribution of actin in neurites: (2) identify actin-containing structures; and (3) reveal whether or not actin is associated preferentially with microtubules. Results show that actin is present throughout neurites but is organized primarily into short filaments that are localized almost exclusively to granular, microtubule-associated crossbridges. We propose that these short actin filaments are part of the framework of a supramolecular 'carrier complex' for the slow component b polypeptides. In addition, actin-containing crossbridges are often closely associated with the surfaces of membrane-bound organelles. This suggests that actin and microtubule-associated crossbridges are involved somehow in fast axonal transport, although the nature of their participation in this process still needs to be resolved. PMID- 3208134 TI - New evidence for distinct patterns of brain organization in rats differentiated on the basis of inherent laterality. AB - The purpose of the present study was to search for possible relationships among diverse measures of behavioral laterality in a non-human species or to identify an index of laterality that was predictive of other non-lateralized functions. Several indices of behavioral laterality and open field activity were assessed in male and female rats before and after asymmetric neocortical ablations. Plasma adrenocorticotropin, corticosterone, and prolactin were measured following stress at sacrifice. Sex-dependent population-level lateral biases were observed preoperatively in the choice of arms in a T-maze and initial direction out of a corner of an open field. Unilateral left neocortical ablation induced a leftward bias in the T-maze in both male and female rats. The direction of rotation following the peripheral administration of amphetamine was correlated with: (a) the degree of sensitization to amphetamine; (b) preoperative open field activity in females; (c) the induction of hyperactivity following right neocortical ablation in males; (d) rotational responses to amphetamine in male rats sustaining bilateral ablations; and (e) the effect of left neocortical ablation on prolactin levels in males. We propose that these data provide new evidence for distinct patterns of brain organization in rats differentiated by a measure of inherent cerebral laterality. PMID- 3208135 TI - Detection of novel proteins associated with secondary amyloidosis and Alzheimer's disease by monoclonal antibody. AB - We have established a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) AM34 (IgG1) which was prepared by a hybridoma constructed from fusion between murine myeloma cells and murine splenocytes. Crude amyloid proteins which were used as immunogen, were extracted from the kidney of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis by the distilled water method. This antibody strongly reacted with all 8 cases of secondary amyloidosis, but did not react or very weakly reacted with 17 tissue sections of primary or myeloma-associated amyloidosis. Other amyloid tissues did not give any positive reaction. Interestingly, 6 brain tissues of Alzheimer's disease clearly showed positive staining with this antibody, whereas two apparently normal brain tissues exhibited negative staining. Senile plaque cores, neurofibrillary tangles (weakly stained) and cerebrovascular amyloid in Alzheimer's disease were stained. Absorption of the MoAb AM34 with the crude amyloid proteins abolished the immunoreactivity of the MoAb AM34 not only with the kidney tissue section of the secondary amyloidosis, but also with the above mentioned portions of the brain in the case of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, these immunohistological data suggest that the MoAb AM34 recognizes common epitope which exists in amyloid deposits of both secondary amyloidosis and Alzheimer's disease. An inhibition test on the kidney section showed that the reactivity of MoAb AM34 was not at all inhibited by the pretreatment of the section with 10 times higher concentration of anti human amyloid A (AA) MoAb KM268 which was prepared against synthetic peptides of AA protein, suggesting that MoAb AM34 might react with amyloid-related protein other than AA protein. In addition, MoAb KM268 did not react with any lesions in Alzheimer's disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208136 TI - Structural and metabolic alterations in rat cerebral cortex induced by prenatal exposure to ethanol. AB - The effects of prenatal exposure to ethanol on glucose utilization in specific laminae of mature rat cerebral cortex were examined. Pregnant hooded rats were fed a liquid diet containing 35% ethanol-derived calories (E) or pair-fed an isocaloric liquid control diet (C) on gestational days 7-21. The cytoarchitecture of motor areas 4 and 6/8 and of somatosensory areas 3 and 2 of 105 day old, male pups was examined in Cresyl violet-stained sections. The glucose utilization of these cortical regions was assessed using a 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique. Overall, cortex was significantly thinner (5-10%) in E-treated rats than in C-treated rats, but with few exceptions, the thickness of individual laminae was not significantly affected by prenatal treatment. Despite these small structural differences, the overall glucose utilization in areas 4, rostral 6/8 3, and 2 of E-treated rats was significantly less (21-24%) than in C-treated rats. Layer IV was the most affected by the prenatal ethanol exposure (29%) and layers I and VI were the least affected (14-22%). The metabolism of caudal area 6/8 was not significantly affected by gestational exposure to ethanol. These results indicate that thalamic and callosal connections and corticospinal projection neurons are specifically affected by prenatal exposure to ethanol. Such alterations may underlie the learning deficits and motor dysfunction characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 3208137 TI - Effects of Na+ and Ca2+ gradients on intracellular free Ca2+ in voltage-clamped Aplysia neurons. AB - Selected neurons of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica were voltage clamped and intracellular free Ca [( Ca2+]i) and Na [( Na+]i) concentrations were monitored with ion selective microelectrodes. Reducing [Na+]o from 500 mM (normal seawater, NSW) to 5 mM resulted in a decrease of the potential measured by the Ca electrode (VCa). Increasing [Ca2+]o from 10 to 50 mM increased [Ca2+]i two-fold, keeping [Ca2+]o at 50 mM and decreasing [Na+]o to 5 mM still led to a decrease in VCa. With 100 mM [Ca2+]o, which also increased [Ca2+]i, decreasing [Na+]o increased VCa in two of the eight cells tested. This indicates that in normal or moderately high resting [Ca2+]i, Ca2+ extrusion by Na/Ca exchange (forward mode) is not essential for [Ca2+]i buffering. [Na+]i was 12.9 +/- 3.6 mM (S.E.M., n = 7) in NSW; reducing [Na+]o to 5 mM decreased [Na+]i to 2.0 +/- 1.1 mM (S.E.M.). Keeping [Na+]o at 5 mM and increasing [Ca2+]o from 10 to 20 mM further decreased [Na+]i to about 1.0 mM, evidence of Na/Ca exchange operating in the reverse mode. Attempts to increase [Ca2+]i by bath application of the Ca ionophores A23187, X537A, ionomycin or ETH 1001 resulted in no measurable change of the resting [Ca2+]i. Application of Ouabain caused an apparent increase in [Ca2+]i in two of the six cells tested. In cells injected with the metallochromic indicator arsenazo III (AIII), the rate of the falling phase of the AIII absorbance increase, following a voltage-clamp pulse, was significantly slower in 5 mM [Na+]o. This indicates that in its forward mode Na-Ca exchange is active in clearing large submembrane increases in [Ca2+]i. PMID- 3208138 TI - The role of cortical sympathetic ingrowth in the behavioral effects of nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions. AB - Following cholinergic denervation of the neocortex by nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) lesions, peripheral sympathetic fibers grow into the neocortex. Two experiments were performed to determine the behavioral effects of this neuronal rearrangement. Group I animals underwent training on a standard radial-8-arm maze task, while Group II animals learned a modified version (i.e. 4 arms baited). Following acquisition, NBM lesions were performed. Animals with lesions but without sympathetic ingrowth performed consistently better in both behavioral paradigms, than animals with NBM lesions and sympathetic ingrowth. These studies suggest that cortical sympathetic ingrowth can alter behavior and is detrimental to the learning of a spatial memory paradigm. PMID- 3208139 TI - GABA-like immunoreactivity in NADPH-diaphorase amacrine cells of the rabbit retina. AB - NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry selectively stains discrete populations of retinal interneurons in diverse mammals, including two amacrine types in the rabbit retina. In this study, we have demonstrated that most of these neurons show GABA-like immunoreactivity by combining indirect immunofluorescence and diaphorase histochemistry on frozen retinal sections. The NADPH-diaphorase amacrines account for only a small proportion of the GABA-positive cells in rabbit retina, thus reinforcing the emerging consensus that GABAergic amacrines are remarkably diverse in their morphology and function. PMID- 3208140 TI - Acromelic acid is a much more potent excitant than kainic acid or domoic acid in the isolated rat spinal cord. AB - Excitatory actions of acromelic acid were investigated in the isolated newborn rat spinal cord. Test compounds were added to the perfusing fluid and the responses were recorded from the ventral root extracellularly. Acromelic acid caused a depolarizing response in a dose-dependent manner and the depolarizing activity of acromelic acid was superior to that of other kainoids such as kainate and domoate. The depolarization induced by acromelate was not affected by NMDA antagonists at all. Acromelic acid was proved to be one of the most potent agonists of excitatory amino acids in both vertebrates and invertebrates. PMID- 3208141 TI - Ultrastructural differences between pallidohabenular terminals and pallidothalamic terminals. AB - Pallidal terminals in the cat lateral habenular nucleus and the ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclear complex of the thalamus have been examined electron microscopically. A significant difference was obtained after a quantitative analysis of size and shape parameters of synaptic vesicles in the identified terminals: synaptic vesicles in the pallidohabenular terminals had smaller mean elongation index and larger mean vesicle profile area than those in the pallidothalamic terminals. PMID- 3208142 TI - Neuronal origin of parallel suppression of postural tone and respiration elicited by stimulation of midpontine dorsal tegmentum in the decerebrate cat. AB - This paper describes the possibility that rostal pontine neuronal structures cause the parallel suppression of postural tone and respiration evoked by stimulation of the dorsal tegmental field (DTF) of the pons in decerebrate cats. Stimulation of the DTF along the midline decreased both diaphragmatic activity and the bilateral tone of the hind-limb extensor muscles. Pontine neuronal structures located rostrally to the DTF, from which antidromically activated units could be recorded on stimulation of the DTF, were studied. Antidromic spikes were recorded in and near the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis. Tonic electrical stimulation of these sites caused parallel suppression of postural tone and respiration. These suppressive effects were almost similar to those elicited by the DTF stimulation. PMID- 3208143 TI - Salivatory neurons in the brainstem nucleus parvocellularis of the rat: effects of electrolytic lesions. AB - This study was based on several recent anatomical studies suggesting that the superior salivatory nucleus is located within the area parvocellularis of the brainstem reticular formation. The aforementioned zone was lesioned in order to observe the alterations produced in salivary secretion. Electrolytic lesion of the area parvocellularis was followed by salivary hypersecretion as an immediate and transitory effect of the stimulatory capacity of the electrolytic lesioning method. Some days later the animals presented a markedly impaired salivary secretion as shown by the appearance of inefficient feeding behavior and the development of a prandial drinking pattern. The prandial behavior, which was characterized by numerous drinking episodes during dry food intake, was reversed when wet food was offered, suggesting a true deficit in salivary secretion caused by the parvocellularis lesion. Following the administration of pilocarpine, the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands of experimental animals showed an increased capacity for response (postsynaptic supersensitivity) in comparison to the control group. PMID- 3208144 TI - Involvement of dopaminergic systems in the ventromedial hypothalamic hyperphagia. AB - The effect of chronic dopamine receptor blockage on ventro-medial hypothalamic lesion induced hyperphagia and obesity was studied. Rats with electrolytic ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions were treated chronically with either haloperidol (DA antagonist) or vehicle solution. Food intake of rats with VMH lesions fell well below baseline levels. Additionally, these animals started losing body weight within 24 hours of the initiation of treatment and continued to lose weight throughout the treatment period. When the treatment was discontinued these animals resumed overeating and regained body weights. The food intakes and body weights of unlesioned rats treated with either haloperidol or vehicle, and VMH lesioned rats treated with vehicle, were not affected by these treatments. PMID- 3208145 TI - Evidence that cholinergic axon terminals are equipped with both muscarinic and adenosine receptors. AB - The release of 3H-acetylcholine (ACh) from longitudinal muscle strips of guinea pig ileum, which were previously incubated with 3H-choline, was measured by scintillation spectrometry. The release of ACh evoked by electrical field stimulation was inhibited in the following ways: stimulating muscarinic receptors directly with oxotremorine or indirectly with eserine by increasing ACh concentration in the surrounding axon terminals or stimulating adenosine receptors by increasing the biophase concentration of adenosine with dipyridamole. The muscarinic antagonist atropine and the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline enhanced ACh release. Atropine prevented the effect of eserine and oxotremorine on ACh release and theophylline counteracted the effect of dipyridamole. When the release of ACh was under the inhibitory effect of muscarinic receptor stimulation theophylline did not increase ACh release. Under these conditions atropine caused an extremely high increase in the release of ACh, which was not further enhanced by theophylline. When the extracellular level of adenosine was increased by dipyridamole, eserine, atropine or eserine and atropine together, they were unable to change the release of ACh, while theophylline increased release of ACh. Therefore, it is concluded that the muscarinic receptor mediated inhibition of ACh release is not due to previously released adenosine. Thus, adenosine and muscarinic feedback systems seem to be independent and each cholinergic nerve ending contains both adenosine and muscarinic receptors. PMID- 3208146 TI - Site-specific inhibition of receptivity by intracranial anisomycin in hamsters. AB - The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) has been implicated in the mediation of the hormonal control of female rodent sexual behavior. However, in hamsters, progesterone (P) has been found to have effects on sexual receptivity in other diencephalic and mesencephalic sites as well. Progesterone is thought to exert its behavioral effects by altering protein synthesis in CNS target neurons. We tested the effects of 30 gauge implants of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin in the preoptic area (POA), VMH, and ventral mesencephalon (VMES) 30 minutes before 500 micrograms P SC, on the facilitation of lordosis in ovariectomized estrogen-primed female hamsters. The same animals were tested one week later with estrogen and progesterone treatment but without anisomycin. Anisomycin reduced sexual receptivity (lordosis) when placed in the VMH or VMES, but not when delivered to the POA. The results confirm the importance of the VMH in the mediation of progesterone facilitation of female sexual behavior, but also provide evidence that ventral midbrain structures may play a role in female sexual receptivity in hamsters. These two structures may be important for different aspects of lordosis. Progesterone effects in both sites appear to be protein synthesis dependent. PMID- 3208147 TI - Cell-sized microspheres in the hippocampus show cleavage planes and passive displacement. AB - Fluorescent microspheres (6 or 10 micron in average diameter) dispersed in fluid were injected into the hippocampus, neocortex or striatum. In the hippocampus the microspheres were located in one of three cleavage planes. Cleavage planes were found above the alveus, in the obliterated hippocampal fissure and on the hilar side of the dentate granule cells. When the injections were made into the infragranular cleavage plane, the adjacent granule cells degenerated, presumably because the cavity separated the axons from their cell bodies. Some microspheres were passively displaced beyond the boundary of the injection site. If the microspheres gained access to the subarachnoid space, some of the displaced microspheres were found at considerable distances from the injection site. There were no cleavage planes in neocortex or striatum but there was passive displacement of microspheres into the host parenchyma. In cell suspension transplants, the passive displacement of cells should be distinguished from migration and the possibility of a widespread distribution of transplanted cells needs to be considered. PMID- 3208149 TI - Thermode for deep focal cooling. AB - A cooling thermode is described that can be used to reversibly lesion deep structures with minimal penetration damage. Construction, associated equipment, and use of this thermode are simpler and less expensive, and it can be made smaller in size, than previously described thermodes. The user has a choice of a simple, inexpensive control arrangement that is somewhat more complicated to use, or a more expensive control system that is simpler to use. The diameter of this thermode can be at least as small as 0.3 mm, which is smaller than any previously described thermode. The cooling agent, Co2, is used in such small quantities that toxicity is no problem. PMID- 3208148 TI - Brain spectrin(240/235) and brain spectrin(240/235E): conservation of structure and location within mammalian neural tissue. AB - We demonstrate that the brain spectrin isoforms (240/235) and (240/235E) are present in all mammalian species studied (human, bovine, mouse, and rat). Immunohistochemistry with a panel of eleven polyclonal antibodies have indicated an identical localization of the brain spectrin isoforms in all mammalian species. Brain spectrin(240/235) is found primarily in axons, and brain spectrin(240/235E) primarily in cell bodies and dendrites. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting studies have indicated that the subunit molecular weights of brain spectrin(240/235) and (240/235E) are identical in all mammalian species. We demonstrate that when proteolysis is not completely blocked during immunoprecipitation studies, the 235 kDa subunits are converted to a 230 kDa polypeptide [brain spectrin(240/235)] and a 232 kDa polypeptide [brain spectrin(240/235E)]. Finally, we show that both the alpha and beta subunits of brain spectrin(240/235) and brain spectrin(240/235E) are antigenically distinct in every species examined. These studies indicate that previous findings on the structure, location, and function of mouse brain spectrin isoforms can now be generalized to all mammalian species. PMID- 3208150 TI - Organization of GABA and GABA-transaminase containing neurons in the gustatory zone of the nucleus of the solitary tract. AB - Previous cytoarchitectural and electron micrographic studies have indicated that the gustatory zone of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) may contain local circuit neurons. It is known that neurons of the caudal "visceroceptive" NST contain GABA, glutamic acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15), and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T; 4-aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.19). The present study was conducted to determine whether or not neurons in the gustatory zone of the NST of rat contain GABA and the principle degradative enzyme of GABA, GABA-T. Transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to identify chorda tympani (CT) nerve terminal fields. Immunohistochemical studies were combined with transport experiments to evaluate the organization of GABA immunoreactive neurons in CT terminal fields. Results show that GABA immunoreactive neurons and puncta are located within CT terminal fields. These neurons evince small ovoid morphologies resembling Golgi interneurons, and comprise an average of 18% of total neurons in CT terminal fields. Independent histochemical studies reveal that approximately 82% of GABA immunoreactive neurons within CT terminal fields exhibit GABA-T activity. Retrograde transport of HRP was used in additional studies to evaluate whether or not axons of putative GABAergic neurons project to the second-order central gustatory relay located in the caudal parabrachial nucleus (PBNc), to the caudal NST, or to regions surrounding the rostral or caudal NST. Combined studies indicate that GABA immunoreactive neurons in the gustatory NST do not project axons to the PBNc, to the caudal NST, or to regions adjacent to the rostral or caudal NST.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208151 TI - Neuroanatomical regions of the chick brain involved in monitoring amino acid deficient diets. AB - Chicks fed a diet deficient in tryptophan will reduce food intake dramatically. Chicks will select a balanced diet over one that is deficient in tryptophan (trp). The amygdala and prepiriform cortex have been implicated in monitoring amino acid (AA) balance, and hence food intake in rats. Therefore, comparable regions of the chick brain were studied to determine if they were involved in monitoring AA deficient diets. In each of four experiments, 48 chicks were used (24 experimentally-operated and 24 sham-operated controls). After starting on a commercial diet, chicks were fed semipurified diets: balanced (bal) or trp deficient (def). The following dietary regimen was followed in all experiments in both pre- and postoperatively; 1) bal diet for an adjustment period; 2) bal diet for 1-2 days; 3) def diet for 2-3 days; 4) choice of both diets presented simultaneously. This was followed by ablation of a brain region and then a repetition of the dietary regimen. Brain regions ablated or isolated include the nucleus taeniae (Tn), piriform cortex (CPi), frontal archistriatum (FA) and ventral archistriatum (AV). No differences in selection were observed when lesions ablating the FA, AV or Tn were performed. A significant decrease in selection of the bal diet was observed after knife cuts which isolated the piriform cortex from medial connections. It is suggested that this brain region may be involved in monitoring AA profiles in the plasma. PMID- 3208152 TI - Basal forebrain inputs to the interpeduncular nucleus in the rat studied with the Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin tracing method. AB - The connections between the basal forebrain and the interpeduncular nucleus (IP) were studied in the rat using the anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). PHA-L was injected in the septum-diagonal band complex, the preoptic area, the substantia innominata, the globus pallidus, and the ventral pallidum. In a number of cases sections of the IP were double immunostained for PHA-L and serotonin. Only following PHA-L injections in the medial septal nucleus and the nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band, were substantial terminations found throughout all subnuclei of IP. Following injections in the medial and lateral preoptic area labeling was confined to the caudal part of IP. This finding suggests that the area in the basal forebrain that contributes to these projections is smaller than has been indicated by previous retrograde tracing studies. Labeled fibers reach the IP predominantly via the medial forebrain bundle. Only a very small number of fibers reaches the ventral mesencephalon, and possibly the IP, via the stria medullaris and the fasciculus retroflexus. The highest density of terminations was seen in the apical subnucleus. The apical subnucleus contains serotonin-immunoreactive neurons, in the direct vicinity of which varicosities on the labeled fibers were seen. This finding suggests innervation of the serotonergic neurons by fibers from the medial septum and preoptic area. PMID- 3208153 TI - Paramedian reticular nucleus--sympathetic inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The cardiovascular reactivity of various areas in the medulla related to sympathetic or parasympathetic activation, or to sympathetic inhibition, was compared in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in normotensive rats Wistar Kyoto (WKY) or Sprague-Dawley (SD). In SHR, which has an elevated resting systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP), the sympathetic pressor responses elicited from electrical stimulation of the dorsomedial medulla (DMM), parvocellular lateral nucleus (PVC) or ventrolateral medulla (VLM) were more profound than those in WKY and SD. The depressor and bradycardia responses elicited from electrical stimulation of the paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN) (which exerts both sympathetic and parasympathetic inhibitions) or from the area of the solitary nucleus/dorsomotor nucleus of vagus (NTS/DMV) (where stimulation leads to both parasympathetic activation and sympathetic inhibition) were also more intensive in SHR than in WKY and SD. The elicited pressor and depressor responses, however, were not significantly different between WKY and SD. Our results are consistent with previous findings (15) that in SHR an increased sympathetic activity of the pressor areas of medulla contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Sympathetic inhibition (PRN and NTS/DMV areas) and parasympathetic activation (NTS/DMV area) from these areas, however, may not be critically involved. PMID- 3208154 TI - Dorsal raphe and external electrical stimulation modulate noxious input to single neurons in nucleus parafascicularis thalami. AB - Spontaneous discharges and nociceptive responses of 47 parafascicularis thalami (PF) neurons were recorded extracellularly and comparisons were made between the effects of these discharges following focal dorsal raphe stimulation (DRS) and bilateral pinnal electrical stimulation (PES). Eighty-three percent of PF neurons (N = 39) responded to noxious stimulus, about 69% of the PF responsive cells (N = 27) were excited during noxious stimuli and thus categorized as "nociceptive-on" cells. The remaining 31% (N = 12) were suppressed by the noxious stimuli, and were categorized as "nociceptive-off" cells. DRS and PES attenuated the spontaneous activity of the "nociceptive-on" neurons as well as the noxious input to these cells, while the spontaneous activity of the "nociceptive-off" cells was suppressed only following DRS and not following PES. Moreover, PES displayed disinhibiting properties, namely, it reduced the suppression effects elicited by noxious input. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that both focal DRS and noninvasive PES were effective in modulating pain input to single neurons in the PF. PMID- 3208155 TI - Alterations in supraoptic nucleus ultrastructure of maternally behaving virgin rats. AB - Adult, nulliparous female rats were induced to behave maternally via constant cohousing with rat pups. After exhibiting maternal behaviors for 3 days, the animals were transcardially perfused, the supraoptic nuclei (SON) excised and examined quantitatively by transmission electron microscopy. Relative to virgin controls, the animals behaving maternally were found to have significant increases in: a) mean number of dendrites in large (9-12) dendritic bundles, b) mean area per single dendritic profile, c) area of the dendritic zone occupied by dendritic profiles and d) size of the dendritic zone. No significant changes were observed in the cell body zone or in the number of double synapses in the dendritic region. The observed changes are likely to be at least in part associated with the oxytocin-containing cells of the SON. These observations suggest a role for the SON in promoting maternal behaviors and constitute a novel demonstration of a neural modification in the mammalian central nervous system that appears conjointly with a complex set of behaviors. PMID- 3208156 TI - Autoradiographic analysis of second-messenger systems in the gerbil brain. AB - Quantitative in-vitro autoradiographic study was performed to localize two prominent second-messenger systems (the adenylate cyclase and phosphoinositide systems) in the normal gerbil brain. [3H] Forskolin and [3H] phorbol 12, 13 dibutyrate (PDBu) were used to identify the regional distribution of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase C, respectively. The localization of the forskolin binding was not uniform, being particularly concentrated in the striatum, the accumbens nucleus, the olfactory tubercle, the substantia nigra, the CA3 region of the hippocampus and the molecular layer of the cerebellum. On the other hand, the PDBu binding was rather uniform, although the superficial layer of the cerebral neocortices, the strata oriens of the CA1 region of the hippocampus and the molecular layer of the cerebellum showed relatively dense binding. Quantitative autoradiography of the second-messenger systems in the brain is expected to provide important information concerning the role of neurotransmitters in the pathophysiology of various conditions. PMID- 3208157 TI - A signal generator for testing extracellular recording amplifiers and probes. AB - A portable signal generator that simulates the amplitude and frequency of neuronal signals for testing extracellular recording amplifiers is described. The signal generator is easy to construct and it is extremely useful in tracing signal processing stages in neurophysiological equipment. PMID- 3208158 TI - [Proteins and lipids in focal demyelinization in multiple sclerosis and chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. PMID- 3208159 TI - [Rheocardiographic volume parameters of the heart using computer-assisted technology]. PMID- 3208160 TI - [Adrenergic innervation of the right myocardial atrium in congenital heart defects]. PMID- 3208161 TI - [Use of 24-hour Holter ECG ambulatory monitoring in children]. PMID- 3208162 TI - [2 types of atrial activation in children during puberty]. PMID- 3208163 TI - [Toxoplasma antibody titers in workers with a potentially increased risk for toxoplasma infection]. PMID- 3208164 TI - [Changes in the motor neurons of the spinal cord after experimental procedures]. PMID- 3208165 TI - [Use of fuzzy sets in the quantification of normality of the QRS complex in the orthogonal electrocardiogram]. PMID- 3208166 TI - [Possible application of topographic measurement and imaging of the electromagnetic field of the heart in the diagnosis of its functional state]. PMID- 3208168 TI - [Multimodal evoked potentials in focal cerebral ischemia in an experiment]. PMID- 3208167 TI - [Is the heart conduction system resistant to ischemia?]. PMID- 3208169 TI - [The tussiphonogram in workers in a dusty theater environment]. PMID- 3208170 TI - [Changes in the functional and metabolic activity of phagocytes induced by bacterial vaccines in vitro and in vivo]. PMID- 3208172 TI - [The effect of silymarin on gluconeogenesis in the liver of rats after damage due to phosmet]. PMID- 3208171 TI - [Automated evaluation of the orthogonal electrocardiogram in prevention]. PMID- 3208173 TI - [Changes in blood pressure and heart rate in a model of reversible respiratory failure]. PMID- 3208174 TI - [Integral surface mapping of ventricular activation in boys during puberty]. PMID- 3208175 TI - Direct procedure for the determination of the number of replication forks and the reinitiation fraction in bacteria. AB - A direct method for calculating the average number of replication forks per chromosome in an exponentially growing bacterial culture and the fraction of reinitiation after an inductive treatment of the initiation step is presented. This method has allowed the development of REPLICON, a computer program designed for the resolution of the algorithm and simulation of the bacterial chromosome replication. Using REPLICON the following parameters can be obtained: average number of replication forks per chromosome, time required for the complete replication cycle, average amount of DNA per nucleotide, gene frequency of any chromosomal locus and reinitiation fraction. The use of this analysis also permits the determination of the uni- or bidirectionality of replication. PMID- 3208176 TI - Analysis of finite mixture of distributions: a statistical tool for biological classification problems. AB - A microcomputer program to analyze finite mixtures of normal, binomial, Poisson or exponential distributions by a maximum likelihood estimation procedure is described. The program is coded in Turbo Pascal. Some theoretical and practical aspects of the compound distributions are discussed, mainly mathematical characteristics, fitting procedures and tests of hypotheses. The statistical tool, which is a cluster analysis technique, is presented in a general context for applications in biology. In particular an ecological example is briefly described: the age class structure resolution of a white-tailed deer population. To improve the usefulness for classification purposes, the link with discriminant analysis is examined. For a successful analysis of finite mixture of distributions the need for a large sample size is emphasized. PMID- 3208177 TI - A program for drawing evolutionary trees. AB - From the measures of evolutionary distance between pairs of sequences in a set, it is possible to infer the genetic tree or trees which best fit these known data. DENDRON is a new program, written in FORTRAN 66, which computes an initial tree from the bottom-up, then searches among increasingly divergent trees for a better fit. As a check on the consistency of the measures, the program tests all triplets for the triangle inequality. DENDRON also calculates a single 'top-down' tree, progressing from the trunk to the twigs, for comparison with the 'bottom up' trees. PMID- 3208178 TI - FUS: a system to simulate conformational changes in biological macromolecules. AB - In order to study the dynamics of protein and nucleic acid conformations, a molecular folding-unfolding system (FUS written in Lisp) has been developed. Secondary structure features of protein and nucleic acids are graphically represented by cubes in a modified 'Blocks World' paradigm. Modeling of protein and nucleic acid unfolding (denaturation) and folding of their three-dimensional structure is possible by the use of high level 'block' operators which allow displacement of these structural features in space. Due to the flexible nature of this program, FUS is a useful tool for the rapid evaluation of user-defined rules governing conformational changes. The use of FUS to unfold three common proteins (prealbumin, flavodoxin and triose phosphate isomerase) and a tRNA is presented. PMID- 3208179 TI - Merging of distance matrices and classification by dynamic clustering. AB - The graphical representation of distance matrices in a Euclidean space allows the merging of two distance matrices since the two matrices have shared elements. The graphical representation of the merging of the two distance matrices is associated with a robust method of classification that allows one to distinguish species for which membership to a cluster cannot be established with certainty. These possibilities are exploited to test the consistency of phylogenetic trees, and to establish exact relations between species for which one possesses different independent distance measurements (distance matrices established from several types of sequences for instance). The whole set of programs is written in BASIC and runs on microcomputers. PMID- 3208180 TI - A finite state machine algorithm for finding restriction sites and other pattern matching applications. AB - Existing algorithms for finding restriction endonuclease recognition sites use brute-force algorithms which run in time 0(NM) where N is the number of nucleotides in the sequence under analysis and M is the total number of nucleotides in all the different sites being searched for. This paper presents a deterministic finite state machine algorithm which runs in time 0(N). Memory use can be as high as 0(M4) but a slight modification to the basic algorithm can impose a theoretical upper bound of 0(M) at the cost of some added complexity in the execution of the state machine. The algorithm can operate with a single pass through the sequence under analysis, with no need to back up or (for non-circular sequences) store more than a single input character at a time. This type of algorithm can be adapted to many pattern-matching tasks and is simple enough to implement in hardware that it could, for example, be built into a disk controller as part of a specialized database machine. PMID- 3208181 TI - Multiple DNA and protein sequence alignment on a workstation and a supercomputer. AB - This paper describes a multiple alignment method using a workstation and supercomputer. The method is based on the alignment of a set of aligned sequences with the new sequence, and uses a recursive procedure of such alignment. The alignment is executed in a reasonable computation time on diverse levels from a workstation to a supercomputer, from the viewpoint of alignment results and computational speed by parallel processing. The application of the algorithm is illustrated by several examples of multiple alignment of 12 amino acid and DNA sequences of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) env genes. Colour graphic programs on a workstation and parallel processing on a supercomputer are discussed. PMID- 3208182 TI - A protein secondary structure prediction scheme for the IBM PC and compatibles. AB - A prediction scheme has been developed for the IBM PC and compatibles containing computer programs which make use of the protein secondary structure prediction algorithms of Nagano (1977a,b), Garnier et al. (1978), Burgess et al. (1974), Chou and Fasman (1974a,b), Lim (1974) and Dufton and Hider (1977). The results of the individual prediction methods are combined as described by Hamodrakas et al. (1982) by the program PLOTPROG to produce joint prediction histograms for a protein, for three types of secondary structure: alpha-helix, beta-sheet and beta turns. The scheme requires uniform input for the prediction programs, produced by any word processor, spreadsheet, editor or database program and produces uniform output on a printer, a graphics screen or a file. The scheme is independent of any additional software and runs under DOS 2.0 or later releases. PMID- 3208183 TI - A BASIC microcomputer program to calculate the secondary structure of proteins from their circular dichroism spectrum. AB - A BASIC program (CDPROT) has been developed to calculate the secondary structure of proteins from their far UV circular dichroism spectrum. This implementation can use different reference spectra, calculated either from model polypeptides or proteins of known tertiary structure. Apart from obtaining the alpha-helical, beta-structure, beta-turns or random percentages which would generate the spectrum of best fit with respect to the experimental measures, CDPROT represents on screen both theoretical and experimental spectra indicating the root-mean square error. The provision of additional reference spectra by the user is also considered, and another program (STOREREF) performs the editing in an adequate format for CDPROT. PMID- 3208184 TI - DNAid: a Macintosh full screen editor featuring a built-in regular expression interpreter for the search of specific patterns in biological sequences using finite state automata. AB - DNAid is a full screen and multi-window sequence editor designed as an aid for the easy manipulation of DNA and protein sequences on Macintosh computers. In addition to the classical editing capabilities, powerful analysis and search functions are available from within the editor. Restriction mapping, translation and alignment of homologous sequences are supported by DNAid, furthermore a pattern matching language is included which allows searches for user-defined strict or fuzzy signals within biological sequences. Patterns are translated into finite state automata which allow very efficient searches. PMID- 3208185 TI - A Macintosh Hypercard stack for calculation of thermodynamically-corrected buffer recipes. AB - This paper describes a stack for the Apple Macintosh Hypercard environment that facilitates the calculation of a set of thermodynamically-corrected pH buffers. Presented in the familiar Macintosh mouse-based environment, the program allows comprehensive buffer design and gives the user full control of buffer species, temperature, ionic strength, pH and choice of counter-ion to maintain the ionic strength at a fixed value. Addition of new buffers to the stack is straightforward and the recipes that are generated, including the weights of the various components, can be displayed on the screen or saved to a disk file for subsequent printing. PMID- 3208186 TI - AXE: a program for isolating short segments of long DNA sequences. PMID- 3208187 TI - ANTIGEN: protein surface residue prediction. PMID- 3208188 TI - Critical care of the cancer patient. PMID- 3208189 TI - Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme transitions in cultures of fetal rat hepatocytes. AB - Changes in the expression of two isoenzymic forms of pyruvate kinase in fetal hepatocyte cultures derived from 15- and 19-day gestation rats are studied by immunocytochemical localization of the respective antigens. Initially, in cultures established from 15-day gestation rats only the 'embryonic' form of the enzyme (M2-PK) is detected in all cells. Cells which stain positively for the liver specific form of the enzyme (L-PK) are not observed. After 2 days' culture, a significant number of cells have become positive for L-PK. All the positive cells have a morphology which is typical of liver parenchymal cells. However, the majority of parenchymal cells remain negative for L-PK while retaining M2-PK. In contrast, all cells which display a fibroblastic morphology, as well as clear epithelial cells are M2-PK positive, but L-PK negative. In 5-day-old cultures, all hepatocytes have become L-PK positive. Hepatocytes derived from 19-day gestation rat liver stain positively for L-PK on day 1 of culture in agreement with previously published biochemical data. A minor population of negative cells is non-parenchymal in appearance. All parenchymal cells are negative when the culture is stained with M2-PK specific antibody. Five days after the culture is established, many non-parenchymal cells are present. Such cells are L-PK negative and M2-PK positive and their presence in cultures derived from both 15- and 19 day gestation rats explains the persistence of M2-PK. This study reveals that during enzymic differentiation of fetal hepatocytes, all immature hepatocytes are initially capable of expressing M2-PK while they do not produce L-PK. During culture, a sub-population of these cells initiates synthesis of L-PK, indicating that only a fraction of the cells differentiate. At the same time, hepatocytes which do not stain for M2-PK appear, which suggests that cells which initiate L PK synthesis have ceased to make M2-PK. Eventually all hepatocytes are L-PK positive and M2-PK negative, indicating that a switchover in expression of the pyruvate kinase isoenzymes has occurred. PMID- 3208190 TI - Targets of v-myc tumorigenesis in the avian embryo depend on time and not on site of retroviral infection. AB - The present study extends our previous data, showing that the v-myc oncogene induces heart tumors and skin anomalies in young avian embryos [Saule et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 7982-7986 (1987)]. We now report that the target cells which become transformed are the same, whether the MC29 retrovirus is injected at E3 in various sites of the embryo (coelom, heart, brain, lateral plate mesoderm) or deposited on the embryo. Furthermore we confirm, in the quail, the time-specific pattern previously observed in the chick. In the quail, the incidence of heart tumors falls from 100% to 28% when injection is delayed from E3 to E4. By contrast, the incidence of skin anomalies rises from 30% to 64% when injection is delayed from E3 to E4. The skin defect, which consists of the presence of bell-shaped cornified feathers, could be assigned to hyperkeratinization of the epidermis. Both the dermis and the epidermis displayed hyperproliferation, whereas skin muscle hypertrophy during the embryonic period could not be confirmed. The presence of myc gene products was investigated using an antibody that recognizes both the c- and v-myc proteins. In the skin of control embryos, nuclei were well stained at E12-E13. At E14 the signal had disappeared. In abnormal skin patches from infected embryos, the antibody still marked heavily epidermal and dermal nuclei at E18. Finally we injected MC29 through the chorioallantoic vein in E10 chickens. No tumors were found during embryonic life, but 81% of the chickens developed tumors of hemopoietic or endothelial origin from the 14th posthatching day onwards. Studies of MC29 integration sites demonstrated that these tumors were derived from only a few transformed cells. Thus, contrasting with in vitro experiments, in vivo this virus has a restricted number of targets varying with the time of injection. PMID- 3208191 TI - Can proventricular mesenchyme promote differentiation of endocrine cells in gizzard endoderm? AB - Previous findings prompted the suggestion that avian proventricular mesenchyme might induce differentiation of endocrine cells with gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-like immunoreactivity in endoderm from an organ which, at hatching, is deficient in such cells. Therefore gizzard endoderm and proventricular mesenchyme from chick embryos of 5 days' incubation were combined and grown as chorio allantoic grafts. Controls comprised re-associated endoderm and mesenchyme of the gizzard and of the proventriculus. In the experimental grafts, as in proventricular controls, immunocytochemistry revealed not only GRP cells, but also the other endocrine cell types characteristic of proventriculus. All these cell types were either absent or very rare in gizzard controls. PMID- 3208192 TI - Bone formation by rat calvarial cells grown at high density in organoid culture. AB - Calvarial cells from day 21 rat fetuses were isolated by enzymatic digestion and grown at high density in an organoid culture system at the medium/air interface. In this type of culture, mineralization occurred as early as 7 days in vitro, as revealed by light and electron microscopic means. After about 18 days in vitro, most of the culture consisted of mineralized tissue. Mineralization was also achieved without beta-glycerophosphate, but it was delayed by 2 to 3 days. Maximal alkaline phosphatase activity occurred at days 8 to 12 in vitro and then declined continuously during further cultivation. Two types of mineralization could be observed: (1) mineralization of a collagen-rich osteoid by typical apatite crystals; (2) mineralization of a nearly collagen-free matrix by amorphous material which was possibly secreted by the cells. The importance of higher cell densities for cell differentiation and formation of histotypic tissue in vitro is apparent, and it is indicated that cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions may be prerequisites for the development of histotypic conditions similar to the in vivo situation. PMID- 3208193 TI - A membrane protein with possible relevance to sexual cell fusion in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The molecular mechanism of sexual cell fusion in Dictyostelium discoideum was studied using the heterothallic strains HM1 and NC4. Monovalent antibodies (Fab) prepared from rabbit antiserum against a crude membrane preparation of fusion competent HM1 cells inhibited fusion between HM1 and NC4 cells. Six out of 43 antigenic proteins were found in fusion-competent HM1 cells but not in fusion incompetent cells. Among them, only one protein with a molecular mass of 70 kDa was able to neutralize the fusion-inhibiting activity of Fab, suggesting its possible participation in sexual cell fusion. PMID- 3208194 TI - Spatial reorganization of actin, tubulin and histone mRNAs during meiotic maturation and fertilization in Xenopus oocytes. AB - The distribution of actin, tubulin and histone mRNAs is examined in full grown oocytes, meiotically mature eggs, and unicellular zygotes. For this analysis, oocytes, eggs and embryos were spatially divided into peripheral and central regions of both the animal and vegetal hemispheres, and the relative amounts and concentrations of these RNAs in each region were then determined. The concentration of actin and tubulin mRNAs is greatest in the periphery, whereas histone mRNA exhibits a uniform concentration throughout the oocyte. In the meiotically mature egg, actin mRNA is still concentrated in the periphery and histone mRNA still exhibits a relatively uniform concentration, but the tubulin mRNAs are more concentrated in the central regions. Following fertilization, however, the greatest concentration of mRNAs for actin, histone and tubulin is in the periphery of the zygote. The results demonstrate the existence of a system capable of altering the distributions of these mRNAs as well as a system which distinguishes between different types of mRNA. PMID- 3208195 TI - Regulatory mechanisms in developmental processes. Proceedings of the 3rd symposium of the International Prize for Biology. Okazaki, 27-28 November 1987. PMID- 3208196 TI - Purification and initial characterization of deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase from Streptomyces clavuligerus. AB - Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase, the penicillin N ring expansion enzyme from Streptomyces clavuligerus, was purified to near homogeneity, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The synthase was monofunctional and could be completely separated from deacetoxycephalosporin C hydroxylase activity early in the purification sequence. Synthase specific activity was increased 97-fold over crude cell-free extracts, and the purified enzyme appeared to be a monomer with a molecular weight of 36,000 and a Km for the penicillin N substrate of 50 microM. Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase activity required alpha-ketoglutarate, Fe2+, and oxygen and was specifically stimulated by ascorbate and dithiothreitol. The enzyme was sensitive to thiol specific inhibitors, the most effective of which was N-ethylmaleimide. PMID- 3208197 TI - Antibodies to arboviruses in an Alaskan population at occupational risk of infection. AB - A total of 435 United States Geological Survey and United States Forest Service workers in Alaska were studied for serologic evidence of past infections with four arboviruses known or suspected to be human pathogens. Of the personnel tested, 36 (8.3%) had the neutralizing antibody to Jamestown Canyon but not snowshoe hare virus, 6 (1.4%) had the antibody to snowshoe hare but not Jamestown Canyon virus, 53 (12.2%) had the antibody to both viruses, 17 (3.9%) had the antibody to Northway virus, and 15 (3.4%) had the antibody to Klamath virus. The indices most significantly correlated with presence of the Jamestown Canyon and snowshoe hare antibodies were the amount of fieldwork (p less than 0.001 for both antibodies) and the duration of employment by the agencies (p less than 0.0001 for Jamestown Canyon and 0.004 for snowshoe hare). The antibody to the four arboviruses also correlated strongly with a history of travel in certain remote or wilderness areas in Alaska (p values ranged from less than 0.001 to 0.086). PMID- 3208198 TI - Role of the carbon source in regulating chloramphenicol production by Streptomyces venezuelae: studies in batch and continuous cultures. AB - Both carbon- and nitrogen-limited media that supported a biphasic pattern of growth and chloramphenicol biosynthesis were devised for batch cultures of Streptomyces venezuelae. Where onset of the idiophase was associated with nitrogen depletion, a sharp peak of arylamine synthetase activity coincided with the onset of antibiotic production. The specific activity of the enzyme was highest when the carbon source in the medium was also near depletion at the trophophase-idiophase boundary. In media providing a substantial excess of carbon source through the idiophase, the peak specific activity was reduced by 75%, although the timing of enzyme synthesis was unaltered. Moreover, chemostat cultures in which the growth rate was limited by the glucose concentration in the input medium failed to show a decrease in specific production of chloramphenicol as the steady-state intracellular glucose concentration was increased. The results suggest that a form of "carbon catabolite repression" regulates synthesis of chloramphenicol biosynthetic enzymes during a trophophase-idiophase transition induced by nitrogen starvation. However, this regulatory mechanism does not establish the timing of antibiotic biosynthesis and does not function during nitrogen-sufficient growth in the presence of excess glucose. PMID- 3208200 TI - Biosynthesis of epsilon-rhodomycinone from glucose by Streptomyces C5 and comparison with intermediary metabolism of other polyketide-producing streptomycetes. AB - The catabolism of glucose by Streptomyces C5, a producer of anthracycline antibiotics, was investigated to determine the pathways that supply precursors for anthracycline biosynthesis. Carbons for the biosynthesis of epsilon rhodomycinone, an anthracycline aglycone, from radiolabelled glucose were derived primarily from the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, with a minor contribution from the pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, the anthracycline-producing strain, Streptomyces C5, as well as Streptomyces aureofaciens and Streptomyces lividans, strains that produce nonanthracycline polyketide antibiotics, displayed enzyme activities indicative of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas and pentose phosphate glycolytic pathways. As determined from labelling patterns, Streptomyces C5 apparently has a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle, but does not have a glyoxylate bypass pathway. PMID- 3208201 TI - Activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of an anthracycline-producing streptomycete. AB - During fermantation studies on the production of anthracycline antibiotics by Streptomyces C5, it was observed that among the intermediate metabolism enzymes tested, only phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31) increased significantly in specific activity during stationary phase. The specific activity of the Streptomyces C5 PEPCase increased ca. 3-fold during antibiotic production phase from the logarithmic phase levels. To characterize the regulation of the enzyme further, the Streptomyces C5 PEPCase was purified 150-fold from crude extracts. Acetyl-CoA and Mg2+ were shown to be required for PEPCase activity. The activity of the partially purified PEPCase was stimulated slightly by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and AMP, and was inhibited severely by oxaloacetate, aspartate, malate, succinate, ATP, citrate, and CoASH. PMID- 3208199 TI - Chemical characterization of lipopolysaccharide from Edwardsiella ictaluri, a fish pathogen. AB - The chemical components of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the fish pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri (Ed. ictaluri) were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, gas chromatography, and spectrophotometry, and compared with those of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli 0111:B4. Only four to five low molecular weight species of LPS from Ed. ictaluri were detected by silver staining after separation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The low molecular weight species, as well as a low sugar content, indicate that the LPS from Ed. ictaluri was of the rough type, compared with that of S. typhimurium and E. coli which were both of the smooth type LPS. Quantitatively, mannose was not a major sugar component in Ed. ictaluri, unlike S. typhimurium. Palmitic, palmitoleic, and cis 9,10-methylene-hexadecanoic acids were predominant fatty acids among the total cellular lipids of Ed. ictaluri. C14 fatty acids comprised 78% of the total in the LPS of this bacterium, with beta-hydroxy-myristate representing 55%. The results of this study suggest that the lipid A segment of the LPS molecule of Ed. ictaluri is similar to S. typhimurium and E. coli, at least with respect to fatty acid content; however, the core polysaccharide of E. ictaluri differs in that it has twice the heptose content. PMID- 3208202 TI - [The effect of cytochalasin A on the composition of subcellular fractions of hyphae in the growth of Mucor mucedo. II. Composition of the cell wall]. AB - Walls of young hyphae of Mucor mucedo L. growing in the presence or absence of cytochalasin A were isolated and their chemical content determined. Cytochalasin A induced modified proportions of various monomers resulting in a reduction of the (neutral sugars + glucuronic acid)/glucosamine ratio. The walls contained less proteins but more chitin-chitosan and phosphate. These modifications are discussed in relation to ultrastructural changes described previously. PMID- 3208204 TI - Bacterial tolerance of 100% dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - Viable bacteria were found in six bottles of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of approximately one bacterium per 4.4 mL. The 18 bacterial isolates appeared to be tolerating the DMSO rather than metabolizing it. No fungi were detected. DMSO must be assumed to be nonsterile unless it has been previously sterilized. PMID- 3208203 TI - Role of protozoa in microbial acclimation for mineralization of organic chemicals in sewage. AB - The role of protozoa in affecting the length of the acclimation period for the mineralization of organic compounds in sewage was investigated. The acclimation periods for the mineralization of 2 ng of p-nitrophenol, 100 ng of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 100 ng of 2,4-dichlorophenol per milliliter were markedly shortened or eliminated when the indigenous protozoa were inhibited with cycloheximide and nystatin. The extent of mineralization of the test compounds decreased when the protozoa were suppressed. Inhibition of the protozoa increased the total number of bacteria and the density of organisms able to mineralize 2 ng of p-nitrophenol/mL of sewage. Addition of Tetrahymena thermophila to sewage in which the indigenous protozoa were not active lengthened the acclimation period for the mineralization of p-nitrophenol. The addition of T. thermophila to a culture containing a low density of a p-nitrophenol-degrading Pseudomonas sp. did not affect the acclimation period prior to mineralization of the substrate, but the ciliate increased the acclimation period in the presence of high densities of Enterobacter aerogenes added as an alternative prey species. We suggest that protozoan grazing may be responsible for the acclimation period prior to the mineralization of certain organic compounds in sewage. PMID- 3208205 TI - Bacteria-lectin interactions in phytohemagglutinin-induced bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine. AB - The mechanism of phytohemagglutinin-induced bacterial overgrowth of the small bowel in the rat was studied. Interaction of the lectin with bacterial isolates selected at random from those that comprised the major population of the overgrowth was determined. In both bacterial agglutination assays and glycocalyx stabilization, no specific association between lectin and bacteria was seen. In three independent binding assays phytohemagglutinin was not found to increase bacterial adherence to washed intestinal mucosa. Phytohemagglutinin would not appear to act, therefore, as a direct ligand to mediate bacterial adherence or to modify the mucosal surface to increase bacterial adherence. PMID- 3208207 TI - Stroke assessment scales: guidelines for development, validation, and reliability assessment. AB - The validity and reliability of clinical instruments, including clinical scales, need to be determined. This paper presents guidelines for development, validation, and reliability assessment of stroke assessment scales. PMID- 3208206 TI - Establishment of Bacteroides succinogenes and measurement of the main digestive parameters in the rumen of gnotoxenic lambs. AB - We attempted to determine the degree of diversification of the microflora that allow the establishment of Bacteroides succinogenes S85 in the rumen of gnotoxenic lambs. Four lambs (group I) received an inoculum orally, composed of 182 noncellulolytic bacterial strains (inoculum 1) previously isolated from the rumen of conventional young lambs. Two lambs (group II) were inoculated with 32 strains (inoculum 2) selected among the 182 strains of inoculum 1. Two lambs (group III) received an inoculum (inoculum 3) composed of 106 noncellulolytic bacterial strains previously isolated from the rumen of meroxenic lambs. Two lambs (group IV) were inoculated with 16 strains (inoculum 4) chosen among the 106 strains of inoculum 3. All lambs were inoculated from birth except two lambs of group I, which were inoculated from 1 month of age. Each lamb then received orally a pure culture of B. succinogenes. This strain became established more easily in the rumen of lambs that had received complex inocula (group I). Its population reached a level close to that generally observed in conventional lambs (10(7)-10(8) bacteria.mL-1). In contrast, B. succinogenes became established in only one lamb of group II, but bacterial numbers varied considerably. In group III, repeated inoculations were necessary to obtain its definitive establishment (10(7)-10(8) bacteria.mL-1 after weaning). In spite of several inoculations, this cellulolytic species failed to establish in the rumen of lambs of group IV, which had received the less complex inoculum. The volatile fatty acid levels were very different from one lamb group to another. The more complex the inoculum administered to the animals, the higher the concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208209 TI - The high cost of not doing neurological research. PMID- 3208208 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of disease activity in multiple sclerosis. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be a good method of visualizing the lesions in MS. We have studied several applications of MRI to the evaluation of patients and experimental models. In diagnosis, MRI is the most sensitive test for the demonstration of dissemination of lesions in space. Pathological correlation studies show that MRI reliably measures the extent of chronic demyelination. Experimental studies show that MRI detects acute inflammatory lesions and measures their evolution. MRI also is a reliable measure of the extent of the MS process, serial MRI scans detect evidence of disease activity in MS not always disclosed by clinical evaluation. MRI will have an enormous future impact on the evaluation of patients in clinical studies and in understanding the evolution of pathological processes. PMID- 3208211 TI - Changes in serum anticonvulsant levels with febrile illness in children with epilepsy. AB - Changes in anticonvulsant serum levels during intercurrent illness may cause toxicity or decreased seizure control in children with epilepsy. We studied prospectively the effect of intercurrent illness and its treatment in 111 children being treated with AC monotherapy. Free fraction and total serum AC levels were determined when the child was well, on the fifth day of any illness with fever and one month after recovery. There were 55 episodes of febrile illness in 39 children during the study period. Twelve illnesses were associated with significant increases or decreases in serum AC levels; 7 children became clinically toxic; 1 child had increased seizures during illness. The mechanisms of AC level changes appeared to include interaction with antibiotics, with antipyretics or with viral illness. Amoxycillin and acetaminophen did not appear to interact with the AC's used. Physicians caring for children with epilepsy should be aware of the frequency and complexity of potential interactions between intercurrent febrile illness and anticonvulsant medication. PMID- 3208210 TI - Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and eyelid fasciculations. AB - Seventy-six patients with blepharospasm (mean age 56.9 years) received 248 injection treatments with botulinum A exotoxin (mean 3.1 treatments per patient): 87.0% of treatments led to total relief of spasms for a mean interval of 14.1 weeks. The average duration of response remained fairly constant over the first six injection series, although patients with the most severe spasms had shorter intervals than patients with less severe symptoms. Twenty patients with hemifacial spasm (mean age 56.9 years) received 44 treatments (mean 1.9 treatments per patient): In 93.1% of cases there was total relief of periocular and perioral spasms, with a mean interval of 17.4 weeks. The average duration of response for the third series of treatments was much shorter than the mean durations for the first two treatments. Side effects were always transient and included ptosis (23.3%), dry eyes (18.1%), tearing (5.5%), and strabismus (1.4%). No patient had a systemic reaction to the drug. Chronic benign eyelid fasciculations were also successfully treated in 3 patients with single treatments. PMID- 3208212 TI - Abnormal visual adaptation to flicker in multiple sclerosis. AB - A visual psychophysical adaptation procedure was used on patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in an attempt to induce a temporary and local exacerbation of subclinical visual impairment. Using a flicker detection task, sensitivity before and after adaptation to a flickering stimulus was measured in 9 MS patients and 9 control subjects. Although only 22% of patient eyes had abnormal flicker sensitivity prior to adaptation, visual deficit was observed in 83% of eyes studied after adaptation. Of the 7 MS eyes studied for which no other sign or symptom of visual involvement was present, 5 were found to have visual deficits after flicker adaptation. In addition, 10 of the 11 eyes affected by MS showed an abnormal response to flicker adaptation. Recovery from the effects of adaptation was complete in all patients within 2 minutes. The results suggest that partial demyelination of visual pathway neurons may exist in patients without signs or symptoms of visual involvement. The prolonged stimulation provided during adaptation may produce a temporary fatiguing or conduction blockade of such neurons which may lead to reductions in sensory sensitivity. PMID- 3208213 TI - Evoked potential studies in Friedreich's ataxia and progressive early onset cerebellar ataxia. AB - We recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in 15 patients affected by Friedreich's ataxia (FA) and in 9 patients with progressive early onset cerebellar ataxia (PEOCA). Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were also recorded in 14 FA patients and in five PEOCA patients. SEP results showed clear differences between groups of FA, evidence of peripheral involvement was seen in all patients, with absence of the N9 potential or a major reduction of its amplitude. In patients in whom central responses could be recorded, conduction velocity was normal or near normal up to the brainstem but was reduced from brainstem to cerebral cortex. Four patients with PEOCA had SEP abnormalities similar to those seen in FA. In the five other patients, the amplitude and latency of N9 were normal but conduction velocity was reduced from brainstem to cerebral cortex. In FA, BAEP were abnormal in all patients with a disease duration of four years or more but were normal in four of the five PEOCA patients. Systematic evoked potential recording is useful in the investigation of hereditary ataxias. PMID- 3208214 TI - Cerebellar atrophy in epileptic patients. AB - High-resolution CT scans of the brain and posterior fossa were performed on 106 phenytoin (PHT)-treated epileptics, 28 de novo epileptics and 43 control subjects. A higher incidence of cerebellar and brainstem (CBS) atrophy was observed in chronic PHT- or PHT+ phenobarbital-treated epileptics compared to the two other groups. Some control subjects and de novo epileptics presented mild CBS atrophy, whereas moderate to severe atrophy was noted exclusively in chronically treated patients. In attempting to delineate the etiology of CBS atrophy, epileptic patients were divided in three groups: 55 subjects with normal CT scans, 30 with both cerebral and CBS atrophy, and 49 with pure CBS atrophy. Their ages, length of illness, number of generalized seizures, number of other seizures, and amount of PHT received during their lifetime were assessed. Statistical analysis revealed that posterior fossa atrophy in epileptics was significantly correlated with both the length of the illness and the amount of PHT ingested during the patient's lifetime. The number of seizures appears to not be related to CBS atrophy. PMID- 3208215 TI - An unusual subacute progressive motor neuronopathy with myasthenia-like features. AB - The initial presentation and clinical course of this 60-year old woman suggested a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. The subsequent development of tongue fasciculations and the lack of response to treatment made a diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) more likely despite the presence of conjugate gaze paresis and the absence of many of the typical clinical and electromyographic (EMG) findings seen in this condition. The pathological findings were consistent with either a motor neuronopathy or an unusual variant of ALS. We review the clinical and pathological features of this unusual case in this report. PMID- 3208216 TI - Sphenoethmoidal sinusitis complicated by cavernous sinus thrombosis and pontocerebellar infarction. AB - An unusual case of sphenoethmoidal sinusitis complicated by cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis and pontine and cerebellar infarction is described. The patient presented with advanced intracranial complications which in retrospect caused delay in recognition and treatment of the underlying sphenoethmoidal sinusitis. Surgical drainage of the sinusitis was ultimately required. The pathogenesis of these complications is discussed, and the topic of sphenoid sinusitis reviewed in order to emphasize the numerous neurological manifestations of this disease. PMID- 3208217 TI - [Interactions between basic and clinical research. 2 examples drawn from a personal experience]. AB - Basic research helps to understand clinical knowledge which in turn leads to new fundamental research. Two examples are taken from the studies of the anomalies existing in the brain of patients suffering from Parkinson disease or deafferentation Pain. The researches performed to solve these two problems for the past 40 years (in particular by the author's working group) are replaced in the international context. In Man the precision of stereotaxic technique was improved by using the organisation of the somato-sensory thalamic projection described in animals by the physiologists. In the thalamus of Parkinsonian patients, the presence of cells bursting at tremor frequency led to search for the relations existing between the striato-nigral system and the motor thalamus. In the patients suffering from deafferentation Pain, a special role is attributed to the medial thalamus, whose characteristics were formerly studied in animals. The origin of the deafferentation Pain is nowadays studied in an animal model of this disease. PMID- 3208218 TI - Evoked potential evidence of cranial nerve and CNS involvement in chronic relapsing polyradiculoneuropathy. PMID- 3208219 TI - Trichlorethylene neurology. PMID- 3208220 TI - Tissue transplantation for Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3208221 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding after craniotomy: a retrospective review of 518 patients. AB - A retrospective review of the medical records of 518 patients who underwent craniotomy over a 3 year interval was carried out to determine the rate of gastrointestinal bleeding and its relationship to the Glasgow Coma Score. There were 288 [55.5%] males and 230 [44.5%] females in the series; the mean age was 51.5 +/- 18.9 years. Forty percent had brain tumours, 18% had subarachnoid hemorrhage, 14% had spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, 19% had head injury and 8% had other diagnoses. Forty-eight [9.3%] of the patients had significant gastrointestinal bleeding, the distribution of which was as follows: hematemesis [37/518], melena [11/518] and/or hematochezia [4/518]. A further 51 [9.8%] had evidence of "coffee ground emesis" only. Of those with a Glasgow Coma Score of less than 10, 21% had significant GI bleeding while only 7% of patients with a Glasgow Coma Score greater than 10 had such a bleed [p less than 0.005]. Further analysis showed that the incidence of GI bleeding in patients who underwent craniotomy increased with decreasing GCS. GI bleeding did not correlate with age, sex, steroid administration or casual use of anti-ulcer medication. PMID- 3208222 TI - Transcarpal median sensory conduction: detection of latent abnormalities in mild carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - The major slowing of nerve conduction in the carpal tunnel syndrome is located in the palm to wrist segment. The aim of this study is to develop a reliable, sensitive and accessible approach to measure transcarpal median sensory nerve conduction. For this purpose, a fast recovery amplifier with a stimulus artifact suppressor was designed by the author. On stimulation of digits II or III, evoked orthodromic sensory nerve action potentials were simultaneously recorded at the palm and at the wrist. Distances were determined with a ruler. Median sensory nerve conduction velocity was estimated from digit to palm and from palm to wrist in 80 healthy hands and 253 hands with a presumptive diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. According to conventional criteria, 131 of the 253 hands from those suspected of carpal tunnel syndrome were thought to have median nerve compression. When transcarpal median sensory conduction velocity was taken into account, the diagnostic yield increased by 18.1%. The described technique provides a simple, sensitive and reliable method of diagnosing mild or early carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 3208223 TI - Evolution of visual evoked potentials in optic neuritis. AB - The visual evoked potential (VEP) latency was either abnormally prolonged or absent in the involved eye of 47 patients with optic neuritis. Twenty-two of these patients with known multiple sclerosis (MS), had similar abnormalities to 25 patients with no clinical evidence of MS. Follow-up clinical assessment and VEP were done 10 to 42 (mean 22) months later in 34 patients. In 15 of 34 patients with no VEP from the involved eye during initial examination, 6 returned to normal, 8 had prolonged latencies and 1 still had no response at follow up. Of 19 patients who initially had prolonged latencies in the involved eye, 6 returned to normal, 11 had prolonged latencies and 2 had no response at follow up. The VEP is helpful in confirming the diagnosis of ON. The examination must be performed when the patient is symptomatic or soon thereafter as 35% of our patients with an abnormal initial VEP had a normal VEP at follow up. This normalization was not related to the severity of the initial VEP abnormality. PMID- 3208224 TI - Dominantly inherited ataxias in Portugal. AB - We analysed the clinical features of 82 patients with dominantly inherited ataxia in a cohort survey. All patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for Machado Joseph disease. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 39.8 (+/- 12.5) years and the duration of the disease was 9.2 (+/- 6.7) years. Ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and fasciculation scores correlated with age of onset and duration of disease. Upper motor neuron scores failed to correlate with age of onset. In a follow-up study we analysed the clinical data of 46 patients two years after the first examination. A paired t-test was used to compare differences between observations. The results are in agreement with those of the cross-section in time, suggesting a deterioration of the symptoms with the evolution of the disease. We conclude that dynamic definition of the disease according to age of onset and duration of symptoms is preferable to subdivision into classical types. PMID- 3208226 TI - Clobazam for refractory childhood seizure disorders--a valuable supplementary drug. AB - Clobazam is a new benzodiazepine recently introduced in Canada on an experimental basis. We report our experience with 27 children (average age 9.1 years) with severe intractable seizure disorders. All had mixed seizures (41% focal plus generalized, 59% mixed generalized) and 93% were mentally retarded. Eighty-five percent had multiple daily seizures and all had been on an average of 6 other anticonvulsants in the past. Forty-one percent of our patients responded to clobazam with a reduction of greater than 75% in seizure frequency and 15% had no further seizures. Tolerance to clobazam which could not be overcome by dose increases developed in 26% of patients. Forty-four percent of non-responders had exacerbations of their seizures shortly after starting clobazam, however 43% of these patients had reductions in comedications simultaneously. Side effects of clobazam in responders were minimal. We conclude that clobazam shows sufficient promise to warrant further trials in more benign seizure disorders in children. PMID- 3208225 TI - Status epilepticus in children. AB - We have prospectively reviewed the data on 52 children who presented with status epilepticus. Thirty-four (65%) of the 52 had not had seizures before. Children who were previously abnormal were more likely to present with partial status epilepticus or to have seizures greater than 60 minutes than those who were previously normal. The median age (24 months) of those who presented with status epilepticus was the same as that of children with seizures of shorter duration. The causes were equally distributed among the idiopathic, acute encephalopathic and chronic encephalopathic groups. Three children died and 13 (28%) were left with neurological sequelae. The outcome was favorable for those in the idiopathic category. PMID- 3208227 TI - Absence of gliosis in the brains of epileptic fowl. AB - Chickens homozygous for the epi gene (epileptics) suffer from spontaneous seizures throughout their life, whereas heterozygous (carriers) are phenotypically normal. Seizures can also be evoked in epileptics by photic stimulation. In addition, epileptic chickens' brains are 25% heavier than those of carriers. We have investigated whether hyperplasia or hypertrophy of astrocytes or increased numbers of astrocytic processes are involved in the development of seizures and the megalencephaly in this model by quantitative comparison of sections immunocytochemically stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). No statistically significant differences between epileptics and controls were found in any of seven areas selected for comparison. In this model gliosis is not involved in the development of epilepsy, nor does it result from repeated seizures. PMID- 3208228 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage and normal angiography: should the angiogram be reviewed by a second neuroradiologist? AB - In recent years there has been a tendency to abandon repeat cerebral angiography in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) if the initial angiogram is normal because prognosis is said to be excellent. Our experience does not support such a conclusion. We report our experiences in 25 patients with SAH, who had a normal initial angiogram. Aneurysms were seen in five of 20 cases when angiography was repeated. On subsequent review of the initial angiograms, the aneurysm was apparent in four of the five cases. When these four initial angiograms were shown to a second observer, unaware of the results of the second study, three of the four aneurysms were correctly identified. We suggest that if, under strong clinical suspicion of SAH, the angiogram is reported as normal the study should be reviewed by a second neuro-radiologist before proceeding to repeat angiography. PMID- 3208229 TI - Dermatomyositis and granulomatous myopathy associated with sarcoidosis. AB - A previously healthy, 21-year-old female presented with acute dermatomyositis. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral hilar adenopathy, and mediastinal lymph node biopsy demonstrated noncaseating granulomata compatible with sarcoidosis. The patient improved spontaneously. The significance of bilateral hilar adenopathy in association with dermatomyositis and implications for management are discussed. PMID- 3208230 TI - Recurrent intracranial hemorrhage in an adult with moyamoya disease: case report, radiographic studies and pathology. AB - Moyamoya disease is an unusual vascular disorder highlighted by progressive bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion and collateralization of intracranial blood flow. Recurrent multifocal cerebral ischemic events and isolated intracerebral hemorrhage are known to occur in this disorder. We report a 52 year old man who over a nine year period had four apparent intracranial hemorrhages. Serial angiograms demonstrated the evolution of moyamoya disease. Pathologic examination confirmed multiple vascular lesions, including two that were clinically silent. PMID- 3208231 TI - Primary spontaneous mesencephalic hemorrhage. AB - The case histories of two patients with clinically diverse forms of the very rare entity primary, spontaneous mesencephalic hemorrhage are presented. Each exhibited characteristic mesencephalic signs and neuroimaging profiles. However, both patients differed markedly in their predisposing factors, state of arousal, memory, temporal course and functional residua. One patient was unique in displaying a normal level of alertness throughout his clinical course and an isolated retrograde amnesia. The latter sign suggests a role for mesencephalic reticular activation in long-term retrieval and illustrates the differential effects of a subtle activation deficit on memory and arousal. These findings broaden the distinctive clinico-anatomical profile of primary, spontaneous mesencephalic hemorrhage. PMID- 3208232 TI - Elevated spinal fluid pressure as only sign of cerebral venous thrombosis. PMID- 3208233 TI - Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis in a man. PMID- 3208234 TI - Spinal osteomyelitis: unusual findings on magnetic resonance imaging. AB - In bacterial infection of the spine the intervertebral disc and its adjoining vertebral bodies are usually involved in continuity with narrowing of the disc and indistinct irregular vertebral end plates. We report a case in which the MR imaging examination demonstrated intact vertebral end plates, although the adjacent vertebral bodies and disc were involved with anaerobic streptococcus infection extensive enough to cause paravertebral inflammatory masses. Thus, intact vertebral end plates do not exclude vertebral osteomyelitis in favor of metastatic disease on MR imaging studies. PMID- 3208235 TI - CT demonstration of normal gastric wall thickness: the value of administering gas producing and paralytic agents. AB - The authors analysed the CT-findings in 100 normal subjects who underwent a modified double-contrast technique (D.C.). The mean gastric wall thickness in four areas was measured and the contribution of the D.C. technique is discussed. PMID- 3208236 TI - CT diagnosis of a gastric trichobezoar. AB - Computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of a palpable upper abdominal mass was performed in a young woman. The study demonstrated a non-attached intragastric mass which contained small amounts of air. Gastric bezoar was confidently diagnosed based on these findings. PMID- 3208237 TI - Non-seminomatous testicular tumors: effect of lesion side on CT detection of lymph node metastasis. AB - Abdominal CT examinations of 40 patients with non-seminomatous testicular tumors were reviewed with previous knowledge of the side of the testicular primary. Metastatic nodes, between 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm in diameter were overlooked more frequently in patients with right than in those with left testicular primaries, because mildly enlarged aorto-caval or para-caval nodes (which are the most frequent site of metastasis from a right testicular lesion) were more difficult to detect than enlarged left para-aortic lymph nodes. Efforts to delineate the aorto-caval region on CT examinations of patients with right-sided lesions must be increased in order to reduce a surprisingly high false negative rate. PMID- 3208238 TI - Occipital lobe hemorrhages; clinical-computed tomographic correlations. AB - Eighteen patients with occipital hematomas are analyzed. Six patients with medial occipital hematomas presented with headache and visual blurring and examination showed homonymous hemianopsia. Three of these six patients were normotensive; three others were hypertensive with chronic vascular changes. Three patients with lateral occipital hematomas presented with headache but had no neurological deficit. All were hypertensive and had evidence of chronic hypertensive vascular changes. Nine patients with larger occipital hematomas which extended into the temporal and parietal region with intraventricular and tentorial extension had an underlying etiology defined by laboratory studies (excessive anticoagulation, coagulation disorder, systemic lupus erythematosus, bacterial endocarditis). None of these patients were hypertensive. The clinical outcome was good in patients with medial and occipital hematomas; however with the larger and more extensive occipital hematomas, clinical outcome was dependent upon the underlying etiology. None of these 18 patients had recurrent stroke. PMID- 3208239 TI - Lacunar syndrome and intracerebral hemorrhage: clinico-computed tomographic correlations. AB - We examined case of intracerebral hemorrhage presenting as lacunar syndrome. Of 115 cases, 10 presented with a lacunar syndrome: 3 presented with pure motor hemiparesis, 1, pure sensory stroke, 1, ataxic hemiparesis, 5, sensorimotor stroke, and, none, dysarthria--clumsy hand syndrome. The sites of hemorrhage were capsular in 1, pontine in 1, thalamic in 4, and putaminal in 4. In these 10 patients, 9 were hypertensive, and the signs characteristics of parenchymal hemorrhage, e.g., headache, nausea, vomiting, and stiffness of neck, were absent or rare. PMID- 3208240 TI - Primary pontine hemorrhage: clinico-computed tomographic correlations. AB - A series of 10 patients with primary pontine hemorrhage with CT confirmation is reported. All patients were hypertensive. Seven patients had classical pontine hematoma syndrome characterized by decreasing levels of consciousness, quadriparesis, and eventual demise. The three other patients had atypical or partial clinical features of pontine hemorrhage and good prognosis. The pontine hemorrhage can be divided into 4 groups from the viewpoint of location of the hematomas. There are bilateral tegmentobasis (massive) type, hemipontine type, localized tegmentum type, and localized basis type. There was no evidence of ventricular extension in all 10 cases. All patients suffering the massive type had classical pontine hematoma syndrome and fatal outcome, the other three remaining types had atypical or partial clinical features for pontine hemorrhage and survived. It is concluded that CT is highly reliable method for the diagnosis and location of primary pontine hemorrhage. PMID- 3208241 TI - Lateral pontine hemorrhage: atypical clinical manifestations and good outcome. AB - Two hypertensive patients presented clinically with unilateral hematomas of the basis pontis demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) scan. Clinical signs showed hemiparesis while the typical signs of pontine hemorrhage--including coma, pin point pupils, ocular bobbing, respiratory abnormalities, and hyperthermia--were absent. Both patients survived with good recovery. Our observations suggest that some patients with pontine hemorrhage produce atypical clinical manifestations and have a good prognosis. Accurate diagnosis may be difficult without CT scan in such cases. PMID- 3208242 TI - The cranial computed tomographic findings in patients with pure sensory stroke. AB - We reported three patients compatible with the clinical syndrome of pure sensory stroke (PSS). The computed tomography (CT) scan suggested the lesions responsible for the deficits were posterior thalamus, corona radiata, and parietal lobe. PSS could conceivably arise anywhere along the sensory systems and CT scan is reliable method for discussing the lesion responsible for PSS. PMID- 3208243 TI - Computed tomographic findings in cerebral toxoplasmosis in adults. AB - The clinical and computerized tomographic (CT) findings in 10 patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis are reviewed. All patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis were homosexuals and/or intravenous drug users, and all patients had other manifestations of AIDS. Two presented with focal seizures, 4 presented with focal neurological deficit which progressively worsened, and 4 had evidence of diffuse neurological dysfunction (altered consciousness, generalized seizures). CT showed a single lesion in 3 patients and multiple lesions in 7 patients. Two patients had hypodense nonenhancing lesions(s). Eight patients had hypodense lesions with peripheral or nodular enhancement. The lesions were more commonly located in the cerebral hemispheres and subcortical gray matter nuclear masses (thalamus, basal ganglia). The finding of a hypodense lesion with a central slightly hyperdense noncalcified region that showed dense nodular homogeneous enhancement was quite characteristic of cerebral toxoplasmosis, but this pattern may also be seen in other neurological conditions including brain lymphomas. PMID- 3208244 TI - Computed tomographic findings in acute viral encephalitis in adults with emphasis on herpes simplex encephalitis. AB - Nine patients with acute viral encephalitis were diagnosed by CT. Seven had herpes simplex and two had nonherpetic acute viral encephalitis. All patients with herpes simplex encephalitis initially were febrile. They developed confusion and seizures. Five had focal neurological deficit and two had papilledema. The CT scan showed an abnormality on the initial CT in 6 of 7 cases. In one case initial CT study was normal; however follow-up scan (performed 5 days later) showed a definite abnormality. CT showed the characteristic pattern of herpes simplex encephalitis in all cases. This is a temporal lobe hypodense lesion (unilateral, 5 cases; bilateral, 2 cases) with a small interspersed hyperdense region. The hyperdense component represents hemorrhage. Mass effect was seen in all cases. Two patients showed enhancement which was diffuse or patchy in one case and cisternal-gyral in the other; however enhancement was absent in 5 cases. One patient showed progression of the size of the hypodense lesion despite antiviral treatment. Follow-up CT showed hypodense lesion(s) in the temporal lobe region with enlargement of the temporal horns and contiguous basal cisterns in 4 cases. In 2 other cases of acute viral encephalitis the patients initially developed fever, confusion and seizures. CT showed basal ganglia calcification or hypodense lesions. PMID- 3208246 TI - [Synthesis of trisaccharide units from capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae]. AB - In the presence of silver silicate as promoter, the reaction of glycosyl bromide of 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-mannose with 1,6-anhydro-2,3-di-O-benzyl-beta-D- glucopyranose led to derivatives of the disaccharide beta-D-ManpNac-(1----4)-D- Glcp. The derivatives were activated into disaccharide halides and employed as glycosyl donors in block synthesis. By chain extension with L-rhamnose and D glucose, four trisaccharides were synthesized. They represent components of capsular polysaccharide "repeating units" of various Streptococcus pneumoniae types, beta-D-Man-pNAc-(1----4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1----2)-L-Rhap (type 19 F), beta-D ManpNAc-(1----4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1----3)-L-Rhap (type 19 A), beta-D-ManpNAc-(1--- 4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1----4)-D-Glcp (type 9 A), and beta-D-ManpNAc-(1----4)-beta-D Glcp-(1----4)-D-Glcp (type 9 V). PMID- 3208245 TI - Binding of heparin to antithrombin III: a chemical proof of the critical role played by a 3-sulfated 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose residue. AB - Known methyl (prop-1-enyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosid)uronate was first converted into methyl (prop-1-enyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-O-levulinyl-alpha-D gluco-pyranosid)uro nat e. Acid hydrolysis, followed by treatment with (bromomethylene)-dimethylammonium bromide, gave methyl (2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-O levulinyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide)uronate. Condensation of this bromide with 1,6-anhydro-2-azido-3-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose gave 1,6-anhydro 2-azido-3-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-4-O-(methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-O- levulinyl-beta-D glucopyranosyluronate)-beta-D-glucopyranose. Acetolysis, followed by selective anomeric O-deacetylation and treatment with (bromomethylene)dimethylammonium bromide then gave 6-O-acetyl-2-azido-3-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-4-O-(methyl 2,3-di-O benzyl-4-O-levulinyl -beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide. Condensation of this bromide with benzyl 6-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-2 benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-deoxy-4- O-(methyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-alpha-L idopyranosyluronate)-alpha-D- glucopyranoside provided benzyl O-(methyl 2,3-di-O benzyl-4-O-levulinyl-beta-D- glucopyranosyluronate)-(1----4)-O-(6-O-acetyl-2 azido-3-O-benzyl-2-deoxy - alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)- (1----4)-O-(methyl 2-O-acetyl 3-O-benzyl-alpha-L-idopyranosyluronate)-(1----4)- 6-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-2 benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glu copyranoside. Removal of the levulinyl group followed by condensation with 6-O-acetyl-2-azido-3,4-di-O -benzyl-2-deoxy alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide provided benzyl O-(6-O-acetyl-2- azido-3,4-di-O benzyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-O-(methyl 2,3-di- O-benzyl-beta-D glucopyranosyluronate)-(1----4)-O-(6-O-acetyl-2-azido-3- O- benzyl-2- deoxy-alpha D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-O-(methyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-alpha-L- idopyranosyluronate)-(1----4)-6-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-2-benzyloxycarbon ylamino-2- deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside in 78% yield. O-Deacetylation followed by re esterification, O-sulfation, catalytic hydrogenolysis, saponification, and N sulfation gave the non-sodium salt of O-(2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-sulfoamino-alpha-D glucopyranosyl)-(1----4) -O- (beta-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1----4)O-(2 deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-sulfoamino- alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-O-(2-O-sulfo-alpha L-idopyranosyluronic acid)- (1----4)-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-sulfoamino-D glucopyranose. This synthetic pentasaccharide neither binds to antithrombin III nor induces anti-factor Xa activity. PMID- 3208247 TI - Primary structure of Klebsiella serotype K22 capsular polysaccharide: another glycan containing 4-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-D-glucuronic acid. AB - The primary structure of the acidic capsular polysaccharide isolated from Klebsiella serotype K22 has been investigated using methylation analysis, hydrolysis, bacteriophage-borne enzyme degradation, and n.m.r. spectroscopy. The repeating unit comprises the chain disaccharide----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D Glcp-(1---- substituted by 4-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-beta-D-GlcpA-(1----6)-alpha-D Glcp-(1---- at O-4 of the galactose. The galactose carries an O-acetyl group on position 6. PMID- 3208248 TI - Synthesis and characterization of lyso-GM3 (II3Neu5Ac Lactosyl sphingosine), de-N acetyl-GM3 (II3NeuNH2 lactosyl Cer), and related compounds. AB - Various GM3 derivatives which are present in A431 cells have different effects on the activity of the EGF receptor kinase. In order to systematically study these effects, the following GM3 derivatives have been synthesized: de-N-acetyl-GM3 (D1), de-N-acetyl-lyso-GM3 (D2), lyso-GM3 (D3), de-N-acetyl-GM3 with N acetylsphingosine (D4), and GM3 with N-acetylsphingosine (D3). A crucial step for the preparation of D1 is the use of mild alkaline conditions of hydrolysis under which the N-acetyl group of sialic acid is preferentially hydrolyzed. For the preparation of D3, conditions which allowed preferential N-acetylation of the amino group of the neuraminic acid moiety were devised, i.e., D2 was incorporated in a dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (dpPC) liposome in which the sphingosine moiety was protected and the amino group of neuraminic acid was N-acetylated with acetate and a water-soluble catalyst, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3 ethylcarbodiimide (DEC). When an aqueous micellar solution of D2 was treated with acetic anhydride and sodium hydrogencarbonate, N-acetylation occurred at the amino groups of both neuraminosyl and sphingosyl residues, yielding D5. The structures of these derivatives were verified by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. PMID- 3208249 TI - Synthesis of 2-deoxy-D-arabino-(6-13C)hexose. AB - 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-[6-13C]hexose (10), to be used to test the stability of 2-deoxy D-arabino-hexose 6-phosphate in brain tissue, was prepared. 2-Deoxy-D-arabino hexose was labeled at C-6 because of the large difference in chemical shift between C-6 in the free sugar and C-6 in the 6-phosphate. The synthetic scheme resembled that used for the synthesis of D-[6-13C]glucose that involved the removal of C-6 from D-glucose followed by its replacement with 13C. The protected derivative methyl 2-deoxy-alpha-D-arabino-hexofuranoside was prepared, using trifluoroacetic acid in methanol. This was treated with periodate, which cleaves only between C-5 and C-6, to afford an aldehyde which reacted directly with K13CN to give a mixture of the D-arabino and L-xylo nitriles. The enriched nitriles were reduced with hydrogen in the presence of 5% Pd-carbon catalyst to a mixture of 6-aldehydo sugars. These were reduced with NaBH4 to a mixture of the two labeled methyl furanosides. Acid hydrolysis followed by ion-exchange chromatography on AG-50(Ca2+) resin at 65 degrees gave 10 in an overall yield of 16% from K13CN. PMID- 3208250 TI - 1,5-Anhydro-beta-L-arabinofuranose from pyrolysis of plant cell wall materials (biomass). AB - Three types of agricultural waste material having a significant content of L arabinose have been subjected to mild, vacuum pyrolysis, and yields of 1,5 anhydro-L-arabinofuranose (1) determined. In corn bran, approximately 40% of the L-arabinose is converted into 1, and this conversion is increased to 78% when the bran is subjected to prior acid washing. The inner and outer barks of ponderosa pine give approximately 30% conversion of their L-arabinose content into 1, but orange peel gives only 9% conversion. A mechanism is postulated involving pyrolytic scission of pendant L-arabinofuranose units from polysaccharides, with cyclization to produce 1. PMID- 3208251 TI - Semiempirical, sodium-D molar rotations of pyranosides and other carbohydrate model compounds. PMID- 3208252 TI - Further use of O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-(2 acetamido-4 ,6-di-O- acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-2,4,6-tri-O acetyl-a lph a-D- galactopyranosyl bromide as a glycosyl donor. Synthesis of two mucin-type tetrasaccharides. PMID- 3208253 TI - Synthesis of aminoglycal derivatives, precursors of glycosidic moieties of antitumor anthracyclines. PMID- 3208254 TI - In vitro interaction of Acantamoeba castellani with Leishmania brasiliensis. PMID- 3208255 TI - Characterization and anticoagulant properties of rodent sublingual gland extracts. PMID- 3208256 TI - Action of lycorine on neuroadrenergic response of a nerve-skin preparation. PMID- 3208257 TI - Kinetics of L-alanine and L-leucine transport at the blood-tissue interface in the perfused stomach. PMID- 3208258 TI - [The construction, manufacture and development of the Motorlet condylar knee joint prosthesis]. PMID- 3208259 TI - [Indications and contraindications for the Walter-Motorlet condylar knee joint prosthesis]. PMID- 3208260 TI - [The implantation technic for the Motorlet condylar knee joint prosthesis]. PMID- 3208261 TI - [Rehabilitation and postoperative care after condylar knee joint prosthetic surgery]. PMID- 3208263 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with a condylar knee joint prosthesis]. PMID- 3208262 TI - [Methods in roentgen examination of condylar knee joint prostheses]. PMID- 3208264 TI - [Experience with the Walter-Motorlet condylar knee joint prosthesis]. PMID- 3208266 TI - [Psychotherapy and public health]. PMID- 3208265 TI - [The program for primary prevention and secondary prevention of ischemic coronary disease and research at the Laboratory of Human Energy Resources of the University of Wyoming in Laramie]. PMID- 3208268 TI - [Psychological dimensions of diseases with somatic disorders]. PMID- 3208267 TI - [A new generation of diagnostic preparations based on synthetic antigens]. PMID- 3208269 TI - [Human infertility and HLA antigens]. PMID- 3208271 TI - [Observations on the relation between psychiatry and psychology]. PMID- 3208270 TI - [Somatic characteristics of hypertensive patients in relation to functional and biochemical indicators]. PMID- 3208272 TI - [Tobacco or health]. PMID- 3208273 TI - [Adaptation processes in the small intestine and the general theory of substrate adaptation]. PMID- 3208274 TI - [Role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes (insulin dependent)]. PMID- 3208275 TI - [Is it possible to prevent the spread of viral hepatitis B in health facilities?]. PMID- 3208276 TI - [Morphologic evaluation of the effectiveness of hepatic drugs]. PMID- 3208277 TI - [Tobacco or health: choose health]. PMID- 3208279 TI - [Infectious complications in acute leukemias]. PMID- 3208278 TI - [Specific problems in medical ethics in relation to patients with cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 3208280 TI - [HLA antigens on erythrocytes. I. Incidence in healthy and and ill persons]. PMID- 3208281 TI - [The effect of heme arginate (Normosang Leiras--Medica) on hemostasis]. PMID- 3208282 TI - [VUFB trimethoprim in the prevention of urinary infections]. PMID- 3208283 TI - Exogenous delta-crystallin gene expression as probe for differentiation of teratocarcinoma stem cells. AB - We developed an experimental system in which differentiation of teratocarcinoma stem cell is probed by expression of stably introduced exogenous genes. We used chicken delta-crystallin gene (delta gene) and its derivative (Mo delta gene) driven by long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter of Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV). Neither of the genes was expressed in the undifferentiated condition. Differentiation to primitive endoderm induced by retinoic acid (RA) led to expression of delta but not Mo delta, while differentiation to more advanced endodermal cells by RA plus dibutyryl cAMP elicited Mo delta expression in addition to delta. These results are interpreted as a consequence of differential activation/suppression of gene expression through enhancer elements associated with the genes. PMID- 3208284 TI - Spatial and temporal changes in the pattern of glycosylation of the developing chick limb tissue components as revealed by fluorescent conjugated lectin probes. AB - The changing pattern of expression of glycoconjugates during the differentiation of the chick leg bud between stages 17 to 34 (days 3 to 8 of incubation) was studied using fluorochrome-labelled plant lectins. Limb buds were fixed in cold acetic-alcohol and wax-embedded. Agglutinins of peanut (PNA), soybean (SBA) and succinylated wheat germ (WGAs) revealed a specific binding pattern in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) between Hamburger and Hamilton stages 19-32. These stages coincide with the period of elevation of the AER. This specific binding pattern was absent from the adjacent dorsal and ventral ectoderm. Prechondrogenic cells were positive for WGA and for PNA, and the PNA-binding capacity was intensified after neuraminidase treatment. Premyogenic cells at stage 23 can be identified as negative to PNA after neuraminidase, while the blood vessels became positive. PNA, SBA, WGA, WGAs and, in addition, Ricinus communis (RCA-I) lectins stained the basal membrane. Strands of extracellular matrix which connect with the basal membrane and cross the limb transversely between dorsal and ventral ectoderm were stained by RCA-I, SBA and PNA after neuraminidase. PMID- 3208285 TI - Corticosterone effects on differentiation and X-ray-induced transformation of C3H/10T1/2 mouse cells. AB - Glucocorticoid hormones have dramatic effects on cytodifferentiation and carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We have investigated the effects of the endogenous rodent glucocorticoid hormone, corticosterone, on the X-irradiation induced transformation and differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 mouse fibroblast cells in culture. Initially, we have demonstrated the presence of functional glucocorticoid receptors in these cells. We found that corticosterone has little effect on X-ray-induced transformation. However, this hormone alone was found to differentiate a high number of these fibroblastic cells to the adipogenic cell lineage. Using an antagonist to the glucocorticoid receptor, we demonstrate that the hormonal effect on differentiation is mediated by the corticosterone-receptor complex. PMID- 3208286 TI - Lectin activity and distribution of chicken lactose lectin I in the extracellular matrix of the chick developing kidney. AB - A lectin activity inhibitable by thiodigalactose, N-acetyllactosamine, lactulose, lactose and by an antibody raised against CLL I (chicken-lactose lectin I) has been investigated in the chick embryo developing kidney. At post-induction stages this activity was found in both mesonephros and metanephros. In immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, the extracellular distribution of CLL I was similar in the mesonephros and the metanephros. The lectin was never found intracellularly; cultured kidney cells did not express any endogenous lectin but were rich in lectin-receptor sites, which led to the hyphothesis that CLL I is not produced in situ but could be adsorbed on renal cells. Potential physiological roles for embryonic lectins are discussed. PMID- 3208288 TI - A monoclonal antibody recognizing a common antigen on neurons and fibroblasts in chicken and quail. AB - A monoclonal antibody, FiN1, obtained by immunization of a mouse with homogenates of embryonic quail nodose ganglia, was found to react with a surface antigenic determinant, both in quail and chick, present on practically all neurons of the spinal cord and of the peripheral nervous system and on a subpopulation of fibroblasts. An ontogenetic study performed on tissue sections, cell suspensions and cultures showed that FiN1 defines a differentiation marker which appears relatively late in development, during the second half of embryonic life, and persists after hatching. The onset and evolution of its expression during development varies in a tissue-specific manner. PMID- 3208287 TI - Isolation and characterization of a sea urchin hsp 70 gene segment. AB - Three clones containing Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin DNA sequences which cross-hybridize to Drosophila heat shock protein (hsp) 70 gene were isolated. The sequence arrangements in the three cloned DNA inserts were compared by restriction and cross-hybridization analysis. The results showed that they contain four different genes related to one Drosophila hsp 70 gene. One of these genes was subcloned, and two of the isolated fragments were shown to hybridize to genomic DNA and to RNA from heat-treated sea urchin embryo. PMID- 3208289 TI - Cell differentiation as assayed by the topography and number of ribosomal genes. AB - In situ hybridization, Ag-staining and electron microscopy were used to study the distribution of ribosomal genes in isolated nuclei of rat cerebellar cells and the correspondence of the ribosomal genome topography to the nucleolar structure. rDNA-DNA autoradiography revealed clusters of silver grains, as well as diffuse groups and rows. The cluster frequencies corresponded to the frequencies of nucleoli on Ag-stained slides. Competitive hybridization in situ using unlabelled rat rRNA and hybridization with a nonspacer rDNA fragment showed that the diffuse groups and rows of grains also correspond to the ribosomal genes. Spatial organization of the ribosomal genome in the Purkinje cells differs from that in the other cerebellar neurons and glial cells. A 1.5-fold redundancy of the ribosomal genes was found in some Purkinje cells, while most of these as well as microneurons contained the diploid value of the genes. PMID- 3208290 TI - Stress proteins by zinc ions in sea urchin embryos. AB - In Paracentrotus lividus embryos, treatment with zinc ions induces the synthesis of the two major stress proteins with the same molecular weight as those induced by heat shock. The developmental stages responsive to zinc ion treatment are the same as those responsive to heat shock. However, zinc treatment induces a longer lasting synthesis of the stress proteins, and, unlike heat shock, does not induce thermotolerance and does not inhibit synthesis of the bulk proteins. PMID- 3208291 TI - Glomerular sialoconjugates of developing and mature rat kidneys. AB - The appearance of sialoconjugates in developing rat kidney glomeruli was studied using lectins and neuraminidase-lectin staining sequences. In the early S-shaped bodies, binding of Maclura pomifera (MPA; specific for galactosaminyl residues of glycoconjugates) could be detected in the presumptive podocyte layer at the apex of these cells, but notably no binding of lectins specific for sialic acid could be seen. During further morphologic maturation of the S-shaped bodies, binding of Limax flavus (LFA; specific for sialic acids) and Triticum vulgaris (WGA; specific for sialic acids and N-acetyl glucosaminyl moieties) appeared at the apex of podocytes and extended subsequently along the lateral membranes to the base of these cells. In morphologically mature glomeruli, LFA stained not only the base of podocytes but also glomerular basement membranes. WGA and MPA bound to the capillary endothelia as well as to the structures bound by LFA. The intensity of WGA binding increased considerably after 5 days of postnatal life, seemingly in parallel with the decrease and ultimate disappearance of MPA binding. In addition to showing individual appearance pattern for various lectin binding sites, these studies give evidence of previously unrecognized postnatal completion of the components of glomerular filtration barrier. PMID- 3208292 TI - Differential expression of the laminin A and B chains in chimeric kidneys. AB - The expression of laminin in embryonic kidneys growing in ovo is followed with mouse-specific, affinity-purified antibodies against the laminin A and B chains. In mouse kidneys growing on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane, the epithelium and nephrogenic mesenchyme are derived from mouse and the vasculature from chicken chorioallantoic vessels. Hence, with the mouse-specific antibodies, it is possible to analyze the deposition of laminin chains by the nephrogenic tissue, because laminin derived from the chicken vasculature remains unstained. In these chimeras, only the laminin B chain, but not the A chain, is expressed in the undifferentiated nephrogenic mesenchyme. The basement membrane around the ureter bud is labeled by the antibodies against both laminin A and B chains. In the mesenchyme, the laminin A chain appears when the mesenchyme converts into tubules. The results suggest that the laminin A and B chains are synthesized differentially in the embryonic nephrogenic tissue. PMID- 3208293 TI - Characteristic structures of actin gels induced with hepatic actinogelin or with chicken gizzard alpha-actinin: implication for their function. AB - We studied the properties of actinogelin, a Ca2+-regulated actin cross-linking protein isolated from Ehrlich tumor cells or rat liver. Chicken gizzard alpha actinin was used as a Ca2+-insensitive control. Actinogelin, which has very high gelation activity under low Ca2+ conditions, was found using electron microscopic or fluorescence studies to induce formation of a characteristic structure in which actin filaments and bundles radiate to (or converge from) all directions from spot-like core structures. A similar structure was induced with actinogelin, even in the presence of 0.7 saturation of tropomyosin. No such structure was detected with actinogelin under high Ca2+ conditions, and only a few were found with gizzard alpha-actinin. Because reconstituted structures are similar to those observed intracellularly, actinogelin may be important in the formation of similar microfilament organization in the cells. It seems also important that these structures are reconstituted with only two purified protein components, i.e., actinogelin and actin. Immunocompetition studies showed that actinogelin and gizzard alpha-actinin partially shared antigenicity, and their molecular shape and peptide maps were similar. Their amino acid compositions [Kuo et al., 1982], subunit and domain structures, and binding sites on actin [Mimura and Asano, 1987] are also very similar. Therefore, it is concluded that actinogelin belongs to alpha-actinin superfamily proteins. Furthermore, the presence of functionally different subfamilies concerned with Ca2+ sensitivity, gelation efficiency, and others is discussed. Actinogelin, which induces networks of actin filaments, may be classified as high gelation type. PMID- 3208294 TI - Proteolytic fragmentation of Dictyostelium myosin and localization of the in vivo heavy chain phosphorylation site. AB - Dictyostelium myosin was associated into dimers and small oligomers at very low ionic strength, filamentous at intermediate ionic strength, and monomeric in solution conditions of high ionic strength. These different associations were probed by fragmenting myosin with chymotrypsin, trypsin, or V-8 protease. All three proteases digested monomeric myosin giving rise to multiple fragments with a wide range of molecular weights. Filamentous myosin was not digested by the V-8 protease, was preferentially cleaved at a single site in the middle of the heavy chain by chymotrypsin, and was cleaved at several sites by trypsin. If the reaction was carried out in very low ionic strength, however, two of these proteases generated stable fragments of high molecular weight. Electron microscopic analysis of these stable fragments showed that tails were shorter than in intact myosin, indicating that the cleavage sites were in the rod portion of the molecule. Under the same conditions of enzymatic digestion, myosin that had been radio labeled in vivo with 32P was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. By comparing the state of phosphorylation and the size of the stable fragments, it was determined that the heavy chain phosphorylation site was located between 55 and 70 kD from the tip of the myosin tail, near a region where the tail displayed sharp bends. PMID- 3208295 TI - Measurement of the chemotaxis coefficient for human neutrophils in the under agarose migration assay. AB - Clinical and scientific investigations of leukocyte chemotaxis will be greatly aided by an ability to measure quantitative parameters characterizing the intrinsic random motility, chemokinetic, and chemotactic properties of cell populations responding to a given attractant. Quantities typically used at present, such as leading front distances, migrating cell numbers, etc., are unsatisfactory in this regard because their values are affected by many aspects of the assay system unrelated to cell behavioral properties. In this paper we demonstrate the measurement of cell migration parameters that do, in fact, characterize the intrinsic cell chemosensory movement responses using cell density profiles obtained in the linear under-agarose assay. These parameters are the random motility coefficient, mu, and the chemotaxis coefficient, chi, which appear in a theoretical expression for cell population migration. We propose a priori the dependence of chi on attractant concentration, based on an independent experimental correlation of individual cell orientation bias in an attractant gradient with a spatial difference in receptor occupancy. Our under-agarose population migration results are consistent with this proposition, allowing chemotaxis to be reliably characterized by a chemotactic sensitivity constant, chi 0, to which chi is directly proportional. Further, chi 0 has fundamental significance; it represents the reciprocal of the difference in number of bound receptors across cell dimensions required for directional orientation bias. In particular, for the system of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes responding to FNLLP, we find that the chemotaxis coefficient is a function of attractant concentration, a following the expression: chi = chi 0NT0 f(a) S(a) Kd/(Kd + a)2 where Kd is the FNLLP-receptor equilibrium dissociation constant and NT0 is the total number of cell surface receptors for FNLLP. f(a) is the fraction of surface receptors remaining after down-regulation, and S(a) is the cell movement speed, both known functions of FNLLP concentration. We find that chi 0NT0 = 0.2 cm; according to a theoretical argument outlined in the Appendix this means that these cells exhibit 75% orientation toward higher attractant concentration when the absolute spatial difference in bound receptors is 0.0025NT0 over 10 micron. (For example, if NT0 = 50,000 this would correspond to a spatial difference of 125 bound receptors over 10 micron.) This result can be compared with estimates obtained from visual studies of individual neutrophils. PMID- 3208297 TI - Cytoskeletal architecture and immunocytochemical localization of fodrin in the terminal web of the ciliated epithelial cell. AB - In order to understand the cytoskeletal architecture at the terminal web of the ciliated cell, we examined chicken tracheal epithelium by quick-freeze deep-etch (QFDE) electron microscopy combined with immunocytochemistry of fodrin. At the terminal web, the cilia ended into the basal bodies and then to the rootlets. The rootlets were composed of several filaments and globular structures attached regularly to them. Decoration with myosin subfragment 1 (S1) revealed that some actin filaments ran parallel to the apical plasma membrane between the basal bodies, and other population traveled perpendicularly or obliquely, i.e., along the rootlets. Some actin filaments were connected to the surface of the basal bodies and the basal feet. Among the basal bodies and the rootlets there existed three kinds of fine crossbridges, which were not decorated with S1. In the deeper part of the terminal web, intermediate filaments were observed between the rootlets and were sometimes crosslinked with the rootlets. Immunocytochemistry combined with the QFDE method revealed that fodrin was a component of fine crossbridges associated with the basal bodies. We concluded that an extensive crosslinker system among the basal bodies and the rootlets along with networks of actin and intermediate filaments formed a structural basis for the effective beating of cilia. PMID- 3208298 TI - Adhesion of cells to protein carpets: do cells' feet have to be black? AB - In most physiological situations, cell contact with a substratum is mediated by proteins of extracellular matrix. Therefore, an increasing number of cell substratum adhesion studies employ substrata covered with one or more proteins of extracellular matrix. To visualize the most adhesive cell structures, focal contacts and focal adhesions, the interference reflection microscopy has been widely used. It has been generally accepted that these strongly adhesive structures can be seen as black streaks in interference reflection microscopy. Calculations are presented herein, which although simplified, suggest that when cells are plated on protein-covered substrata, their focal contacts may not always appear black in interference reflection microscopy. PMID- 3208296 TI - Relationship between plasma membrane mobility and substrate attachment in the crawling movement of spermatozoa from Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Caenorhabditis elegans sperm are nonflagellated cells that lack actin and myosin yet can form pseudopods to propel themselves over solid substrates. Surface attached probes such as latex beads, lectins, and antimembrane protein monoclonal antibodies move rearward over the dorsal pseudopod surface of sessile cells. Using monoclonal antibodies against membrane proteins of C. elegans sperm to examine the role of localized membrane assembly and rearward flow in crawling movement, we determined that substrates prepared by coating glass with antimembrane protein antibodies, but not naked glass or other nonmembrane-binding proteins, promote sperm motility. Sperm locomotion is inhibited in a concentration-dependent fashion when cells are bathed with soluble antimembrane protein monoclonal antibodies but not with antimouse Ig antibodies or a monoclonal antibody against a sperm cytoplasmic protein. Our results suggest that C. elegans sperm crawl by gaining traction with substrate-attached ligands via their surface proteins and by using the motor that moves those proteins rearward on unattached cells to pull the entire cell forward. Continuous insertion of new proteins at the front of the cell and their subsequent adhesion to the substrate allows this process to continue. PMID- 3208299 TI - [Monitoring drug utilization as a method of evaluation]. PMID- 3208301 TI - [Monitoring adverse drug effects in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3208300 TI - [Experience with forecasting drug utilization]. PMID- 3208302 TI - [Automated drug information systems built at the State Institute for Drug Control]. PMID- 3208304 TI - [Drugs as one of the principle pharmaceutical categories]. PMID- 3208303 TI - [Irritants extracted from poly(HEMA) gel]. PMID- 3208306 TI - [The level of knowledge about sex in minor girls seeking abortion]. PMID- 3208307 TI - [Changes in the spermiogram after repeated ejaculation]. PMID- 3208305 TI - [Disorders of the menstrual cycle in women after entering a military training center. III. FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone and psychological stress 2 months after entering the center]. PMID- 3208308 TI - [Blue cyst of the uterine cervix--colposcopy and aspiration cytology diagnosis of endometriosis]. PMID- 3208310 TI - [Endometriosis. Selected reports presented at the statewide scientific conference of the Slovak Gynecologic-Obstetrical Society. Bratislava, 17-18 September 1987]. PMID- 3208309 TI - [Fistula due to cerclage as a cause of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis]. PMID- 3208311 TI - [Contrast sensitivity in man]. PMID- 3208312 TI - [Strabismus--a computer program]. PMID- 3208313 TI - [A gigantic intracranial aneurysm of the anterior part of the arterial circle of Willis]. PMID- 3208314 TI - [Use of computer tomography in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the choroid]. PMID- 3208315 TI - [Treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infancy and childhood]. PMID- 3208316 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia--an unusual complication of eye surgery]. PMID- 3208317 TI - [Immunohistologic study of pterygia]. PMID- 3208318 TI - [The development of hydrophthalmos in adults]. PMID- 3208319 TI - [Dieffenbachia and the eye]. PMID- 3208320 TI - [Electron microscopy findings in lichen planus]. PMID- 3208321 TI - [Premalignant fibroepithelial tumor (Pinkus)]. PMID- 3208322 TI - [Early gastric carcinomas]. PMID- 3208323 TI - [The incidence and etiopathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia]. PMID- 3208324 TI - [Ultrastructure of the respiratory tract epithelium in patients after irradiation or after administration of cytostatics]. PMID- 3208325 TI - [Transport mechanisms of sodium ions in the detection of hypertension]. PMID- 3208326 TI - [Screening for oligosaccharides in the urine of infants and toddlers]. PMID- 3208327 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of pulmonary stenosis in children with the Noonan syndrome]. PMID- 3208328 TI - [Carbocysteine--an effective mucolytic in cystic fibrosis of the lungs]. PMID- 3208330 TI - [The physician and the computer. 22. Graphics methods. I]. PMID- 3208329 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of primary endocardial fibroelastosis using fetal echocardiography]. PMID- 3208331 TI - [A look at the health status of adolescents in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3208332 TI - [Methods of monitoring risk factors in ischemic heart disease in childhood and adolescence]. PMID- 3208333 TI - [Children and traffic accidents in 1987 in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3208334 TI - [Somatotyping of children in the preschool age--the key to prevention of obesity]. PMID- 3208335 TI - [New characteristics of the father's role]. PMID- 3208336 TI - [The role of pediatric gynecology in the prevention of female infertility]. PMID- 3208337 TI - [Comparison of the extent of risk factors for ischemic heart disease in adolescents engaging in various physical activities]. PMID- 3208338 TI - [Personal experience with the clonidine test for acute growth hormone stimulation]. PMID- 3208339 TI - [The significance of diagnostic puncture of the thyroid gland in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3208340 TI - [The importance of respiratory infections in the development of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in children]. PMID- 3208341 TI - [Diuretic radionuclide nephrography in the diagnosis of obstruction of the upper urinary tract in children]. PMID- 3208342 TI - [The unstable detrusor and vesico-ureteral reflux (a group of 20 children)]. PMID- 3208343 TI - [Experience with the long-term ECG (Holter) monitoring system in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3208344 TI - [The physician and the computer. 23. Graphics methods. II]. PMID- 3208345 TI - [Pitfalls in emergency care in children]. PMID- 3208346 TI - [An algorithm for the therapy of typical forms of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children]. PMID- 3208347 TI - [Graphic imaging of fat deposits in obese children]. PMID- 3208348 TI - [Frequency of recurrence after 3 days of therapy of the first infection of the lower urinary tract segment in children]. PMID- 3208349 TI - [Sclerotization of esophageal varices in children]. PMID- 3208350 TI - [Gallbladder agenesis and ventral pancreas in a child diagnosed intra vitam]. PMID- 3208351 TI - [Ethics in adolescent medicine in practice]. PMID- 3208352 TI - [Maturation in Czech girls]. PMID- 3208353 TI - [The health status of the population and their health care needs]. PMID- 3208354 TI - [The potential for health]. PMID- 3208355 TI - [The development of social thinking about alcohol and alcoholism]. PMID- 3208356 TI - [Diabetes and drugs]. PMID- 3208357 TI - [Drug utilization in 1986 and controlling factors in districts in the Northern Bohemia Region]. PMID- 3208358 TI - [The effect of various disease groups on drug utilization]. PMID- 3208360 TI - [The development of prospective planning, prognostication and strategic administration of health care in Czechoslovakia 1945-1955]. PMID- 3208359 TI - [Prevention and dispensarization of a district population using computer technology]. PMID- 3208361 TI - [The concept of postgraduate education in biomedical cybernetics]. PMID- 3208362 TI - [Establishment of a cell strain from human kidney cell carcinoma KCC-853]. PMID- 3208363 TI - [DNA-cytophotometry of nasopharyngeal carcinoma imprints]. PMID- 3208364 TI - [Weights of various organs in Chinese people. National Collaborative Group on Organ Weight Research Program]. PMID- 3208365 TI - [Phenotype modulation of smooth muscle cells and its significance in atherogenesis]. PMID- 3208366 TI - [Dengue virus type IV infection in suckling mice: pathologic changes and localization of viral antigen in brain tissue]. PMID- 3208367 TI - [Fibronectin in liver cirrhosis: an immunohistochemical study]. PMID- 3208368 TI - [Ultrastructural study of experimental bladder tumor]. PMID- 3208369 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic observation on rat sciatic nerve during regeneration]. PMID- 3208370 TI - [Morphological study on incisural ended nuclei of myocardial cells in overheated rats]. PMID- 3208371 TI - [Correlation of estrogen and progesterone receptors with clinical pathologic features in human breast cancer]. PMID- 3208372 TI - [Pathological study of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats induced by 3'-Me-DAB]. PMID- 3208373 TI - [Application of organ culture in studying the carcinogenesis of respiratory epithelium]. PMID- 3208375 TI - [Induction of precancerous changes and carcinoma of the nasopharynx in rats and the inhibitory effect of RI on carcinogenesis]. PMID- 3208374 TI - [Heterotransplantation of human fetal tracheobronchial segments and its effect on carcinoma induction]. PMID- 3208376 TI - [Experience in maintaining a regular meeting system for head nurses]. PMID- 3208378 TI - [Recording the pressure curve accurately in right cardiac catheterization]. PMID- 3208377 TI - [Primary nursing and management of the operating room]. PMID- 3208379 TI - [The care of patients with hypokalemic paralysis]. PMID- 3208380 TI - [Nursing care of patients with shoulder injury with fixation at the zero position]. PMID- 3208381 TI - [Nursing perspective on the differentiation of symptoms and signs of exterior syndrome patients treated by relieving the exterior syndrome]. PMID- 3208382 TI - [Calculating milk, water and electrolyte requirements of the premature infant]. PMID- 3208383 TI - [Psychological tendencies of nursing school students]. PMID- 3208384 TI - [Taking active measures to strengthen nurses' condition--health condition of 374 nurses]. PMID- 3208385 TI - [The patient's mental demands of a nurse]. PMID- 3208386 TI - [Nursing care of patients with allergic shock caused by intensive CT]. PMID- 3208387 TI - [The care of patients with femoral artery catheterization for cerebral angiography]. PMID- 3208388 TI - [Nursing care of and changes in the blood picture in patients with gastric cancer treated with combined chemotherapy]. PMID- 3208389 TI - [Relief of stable pains of advanced primary hepatic cancer patients by an injection of morphine administered through a duct retained in the extradural cave]. PMID- 3208390 TI - [Prevention, treatment and nursing care of atelectasis after cardiac surgery in children (report of 15 cases)]. PMID- 3208391 TI - [Essential points in the nursing care of patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica]. PMID- 3208393 TI - [The nurse's interviewing skills with a patient]. PMID- 3208392 TI - [Pre- and postoperative monitoring of a patient with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation]. PMID- 3208394 TI - [Prevention of transfusion reaction by intravenous drip of coramine]. PMID- 3208395 TI - [Influence of the covering of a field with plastic film on Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. yield]. PMID- 3208396 TI - [An improved method of realgar processing]. PMID- 3208397 TI - [Function of ointments of various bases]. PMID- 3208398 TI - [Identification of essential oil from semen litchi]. PMID- 3208399 TI - [Effect of hongqi jianzhong decoction and sijunzi decoction on a mouse model of deficiency in the spleen caused by dahuang mixture]. PMID- 3208400 TI - [Actions of rhubarb and other Chinese drugs and compound prescriptions in animal models]. PMID- 3208401 TI - [Clinical study on the treatment of acute upper digestive tract hemorrhage using a zidi decoction]. PMID- 3208402 TI - [Discrimination between xingren (semen armeniacae) and taoren (semen persicae) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. PMID- 3208403 TI - [Pharmacognostic studies on resina populi]. PMID- 3208404 TI - [Analysis of 30 chronic renal failure patients treated with oral dialysis and Chinese drugs]. PMID- 3208405 TI - [Preliminary study on the therapeutic effect and pharmacological action of an earthworm extract]. PMID- 3208406 TI - [Relation of a crimson and pale tongue and levels of some serum trace elements and sex hormones]. PMID- 3208407 TI - [Exploration of the relation of pulse, tongue appearance and biochemical, immunologic changes in primary hepatic carcinoma]. PMID- 3208408 TI - [Clinical analysis of 71 cases of nonagenarian]. PMID- 3208409 TI - [Comparative study of the therapeutic effect of Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine in 517 cases of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3208410 TI - [Morphologic study of CCl4-induced liver necrosis in rats and its treatment with a "hepatitis No. III" decoction]. PMID- 3208412 TI - [Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment in acute perforative appendicitis with peritonitis]. PMID- 3208411 TI - [Determination of trace elements in the Chinese herbal medicines Salvia yunnanensis etc. and their clinical significance]. PMID- 3208413 TI - Synthesis of single- and double-13C-labeled cholesterol oleate. AB - Cholesterol oleate with the 13C-label in oleic acid at the carbonyl and/or in the sterol ring at position 4 was synthesized by two methods: (1) cholesterol was condensed with oleic anhydride, prepared from [1-13C] oleic acid, in the presence of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in anhydrous chloroform at room temperature for 4 -5 h; (2) cholesterol or 13C-enriched cholesterol at position 4 were reacted with 90% [1-13C]-oleic acid in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and DMAP at room temperature in anhydrous chloroform for 1.25 h. The single-13C and double 13C-labeled cholesterol oleate were obtained in 90% yields after purification by silicic acid column chromatography. Their purity was assessed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Tritium-labeled cholesterol oleate was also synthesized by method 1 using the fatty acid anhydride. PMID- 3208414 TI - Polymorphic forms of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol: a combined X-ray and electron diffraction study. AB - Quantitative crystallographic structure analyses are carried out for two polymorphic forms of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol. A single crystal X-ray determination on the higher melting beta'L-form reveals that the hairpin conformer structure is essentially identical to that of the dilauroyl homolog reported earlier (I. Pascher, S. Sundell and H. Hauser (1981) J. Mol. Biol. 153, 791-806) with inclined acyl chain packing in the O perpendicular methylene subcell. Lamellar electron diffraction intensity data from epitaxially crystallized samples were used to determine the structure of the lower melting alpha L-form. The chains pack in the hexagonal subcell and are perpendicular to the lamellar surface. An appropriately oriented molecular model based on the beta'L-polymorph does not lead to a satisfactory structure solution but models based on the conformationally different 1,2-diglyceride moiety of several phospholipid structures does lead to a closer match to the observed diffraction data. In this proposed packing model for the alpha L-form, the hydroxyl oxygens are somewhat farther away from the unit cell origin than in the beta'L-form crystal structure, and, in combination with the different molecular conformation, this might explain the observed stability of this crystal polymorph against acyl shifts. PMID- 3208415 TI - Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. A major role of chylomicrons in the metabolism of 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one in the rat. AB - The metabolism of 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one (I), a potent regulator of cholesterol (Chol) metabolism which has significant hypocholesterolemic activity upon oral administration to animals, has been investigated in male rats. After intragastric administration of [2,4-3H] I and [4 14C]Chol in triolein to intestinal lymph duct-cannulated rats, most of the 3H of the lymph was associated with chylomicrons. Most of the 3H in the chylomicrons was associated with fatty acid esters of I and the oleate ester represented the major species of the esters of I. After intravenous injection of the isolated doubly-labeled chylomicrons to intact rats, rapid clearance of 3H and 14C from blood was observed which was associated with a rapid and selective uptake of 3H and 14C by liver. The rate of disappearance of 3H from blood and the rate of uptake of 3H by liver were similar, if not identical, to those for 14C. In contrast, the disappearance of 3H from the liver was much more rapid than that of 14C. Studies of the distribution of 3H in liver demonstrated rapid formation of free I and the formation of [3H]Chol. In addition, significant amounts of the 3H in liver were associated with polar materials, a finding which was not observed in the case of 14C. After intravenous administration of the doubly-labeled chylomicrons to bile duct-cannulated rats, very rapid and substantial metabolism of the administered 3H to polar biliary metabolites was observed. The bulk of the 3H not recovered in bile at 49 h after the injection of the labeled chylomicrons was recovered in blood and tissues and almost all (integral of 94%) of this material was associated with Chol and Chol esters. The combined results indicate an important role for chylomicrons in the overall metabolism of I. The selective delivery of I to liver as its oleate ester in chylomicrons (or, more probably, as chylomicron remnants) and the subsequent metabolism of the oleate ester of I in liver has important consequences with respect to the actions of I which are discussed herein. PMID- 3208416 TI - Concerning the chemical synthesis of 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-15 one, a novel regulator of cholesterol metabolism. AB - A four-step synthesis of 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one (I) from 7-dehydrocholesterol is described. This synthesis, which is efficient and suitable for kilogram scale work, was carried out in a 33% overall average yield (39% overall best yield). A major byproduct of the hydrolysis of 3 beta benzoyloxy-14 alpha,15 alpha-epoxy-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene to I was found to be the ring C aromatic sterol 12-methyl-18-nor-5 alpha-cholesta-8,11,13-trien-3 beta-ol. Several other intermediates and byproducts of these reactions were also identified. All new sterols were characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR. PMID- 3208417 TI - Psychological and social adjustment of obese children and their families. AB - The psychological and social adjustment of 30 obese children and their families was examined. Mothers completed the Child Behaviour Checklist and the Family Environment Scale; children completed the Self-Perception Profile for Children. The results consistently indicate that the obese children were less socially competent, had more behaviour problems, and had poorer self-perceptions than the non-obese normative samples. Families of obese children differed significantly from families in the non-distressed normative sample in that they interacted in a more negative way. The findings are discussed in terms of an 'at risk profile' and the implications for the behavioural treatment of obese children. PMID- 3208418 TI - Use of the acuity card method to test retarded children in special schools. AB - Acuity cards were used to measure the visual acuity of students at a special school for retarded children, including some who were profoundly retarded and spastic. Almost all children could be tested by two testers on each of two days, and the agreement between different tests was good for children with acuities better than 0.2. Children with poorer acuities had poorer agreement between different test results. High success rate in testing and generally good inter test agreement indicate that acuity cards can be used in a special school setting to obtain information about the vision of retarded children, who are much more likely than other children to suffer from poor vision. PMID- 3208419 TI - Differences in attention control between 'clinic-observable' and 'reported' hyperactivity: a preliminary report. AB - A series of attention tests were administered to two groups of hyperactive children and a control group of normal children. The first group of hyperactive children had both 'reported' hyperactivity (defined as having hyperactive behaviour reported at school and home) and 'clinic-observable' hyperactivity (defined as having hyperactive behaviour readily observable in a clinic interview). The second group had only 'reported' hyperactivity. The results of attention testing indicated that the children with both 'reported' and 'clinic observable' hyperactivity had significant attentional difficulties in comparison with children with 'reported' hyperactivity as well as with the normal controls. On the other hand, the children with 'reported' hyperactivity had less evidence of attentional problems when compared to the normal children. Hence; the differentiation into 'reported' and 'clinic-observable' hyperactivity was of theoretical importance as clinic behaviour was a significant diagnostic marker in predicting performance in attention tests. The results of this study suggest the presence of different types of attention deficits in 'reported' and 'clinic observable' hyperactivity respectively as well as heterogeneity in hyperactive children. PMID- 3208420 TI - Early language screening in City and Hackney: work in progress. AB - The paper describes the initial stages in the development of a screening instrument designed to identify children with impaired language development at the age of 2 1/2 years. The pilot study comprised 40 children seen for routine developmental surveillance at one of the Community Health Centres in City and Hackney District Health Authority. The screen was found to be both sufficiently sensitive and sufficiently specific to warrant further investigation. The discussion highlights a number of pertinent issues which have arisen from the study and which the authors consider to be of relevance to others considering the development of equivalent procedures. PMID- 3208421 TI - Detection of platelet-activating factor during traumatic shock. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if platelet-activating factor (PAF) is formed in the peritoneal fluid of rats following traumatic shock. Anesthetized rats subjected to Noble-Collip drum trauma developed a lethal shock state characterized by a mean survival time of 80 +/- 16 min and a final mean arterial blood pressure of 54 +/- 7 mm Hg compared with 117 +/- 14 mm Hg in sham-shock control rats. Peritoneal fluid from traumatized and PAF-infused rats analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) contained a phospholipid which had a similar retention time as authentic PAF, but was absent in sham shock rats. Furthermore, aliquots of this chromatographic peak aggregated washed rabbit platelets, and the aggregation was blocked by a specific PAF receptor antagonist, CV-6209. Moreover, extraction of peritoneal fluid from traumatized rats aggregated washed rabbit platelets and this activity increased nearly four-fold in traumatized rats compared to sham shock rats. These findings are consistent with the formation of PAF in traumatic shock, and along with previous data of PAF antagonists ameliorating traumatic shock, support a role of platelet-activating factor in the pathogenesis of traumatic shock. PMID- 3208422 TI - Failure of glucagon to induce hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in endotoxic shock. AB - We have determined that one reason for diminished PEPCK activity during endotoxemia is the inhibition of glucocorticoid action in hepatic cells. Since glucocorticoid and glucagon hormones act cooperatively to regulate the expression of PEPCK mRNA, we examined whether endotoxin also inhibits the action of glucagon to induce this enzyme. Treated mice were injected intraperitoneally with endotoxin and glucose after a 24 hr fast and given ad libitum access to food and water. Control mice received the same amount of glucose and access to food and water. All mice were given intravenous injections of glucagon for 3 consecutive hours before euthanasia. Blood was analyzed for glucose concentrations, and the liver was assayed for PEPCK activity. Refeeding control mice after a 24 hr fast increased plasma glucose levels to 173 +/- 14 mg/dL and decreased PEPCK activity to 20.6 +/- 2.0 units/mg liver. Subsequent administration of exogenous glucagon further increased plasma glucose to 224 +/- 17 mg/dL and hepatic PEPCK to 31.4 +/ 1.4 units/mg liver. Refeeding endotoxin-treated mice after a 24 hr fast slightly increased plasma glucose levels to 75 +/- 4 mg/dL but had no effect on PEPCK activity. Subsequent glucagon administration had no effect on plasma glucose levels (75 +/- 1.0 mg/dL) or hepatic PEPCK activities (18.8 +/- 5.0 units/mg liver). Therefore, glucagon action to increase liver PEPCK activity and plasma glucose levels was inhibited in endotoxin-treated mice. PMID- 3208423 TI - Endotoxin-induced procoagulant activity in equine peripheral blood monocytes. AB - Increasing evidence has demonstrated the importance of monocyte procoagulant activity (PCA) in the pathogenesis of coagulopathies in a variety of diseases. Because endotoxin precipitated coagulopathies are common sequelae to intestinal ischemia/endotoxemia in the equine species, we investigated the ability of equine peripheral blood monocytes to express PCA. Monocytes isolated from five healthy adult horses were incubated in vitro with Escherichia coli endotoxin (10 micrograms), and the PCA was measured by the ability of cellular lysates to accelerate the clotting times of equine plasma in a modified one-stage recalcification assay. Equine monocyte PCA was identified as thromboplastin based on lack of clot formation in factor VII-deficient plasma. The induction of PCA occurred as early as 2 hr after endotoxin exposure, peaked at 6 hr (396% increase), and then gradually declined. The amount of PCA was proportional to the dose of endotoxin (0.01 to 100 micrograms) and the number of monocytes. Neither platelets nor neutrophils produced PCA, either in the absence or presence of endotoxin (1 microgram). Lymphocytes at a concentration of 4 x 10(6)/ml RPMI did produce a significant amount of PCA, compared to the time-matched controls. Co incubation of neutrophils or lymphocytes with monocytes did not alter the PCA, whereas coincubation of platelets and monocytes significantly enhanced the expression of PCA. This effect was further augmented by the addition of endotoxin (1 microgram). PMID- 3208424 TI - Early impairment of oxidative metabolism and energy production in severe sepsis. AB - We investigated the relationship of systemic blood flow to skeletal muscle tissue oxygenation, lactate production, and energy production during rat peritonitis established by cecal ligation and perforation. The study included five sham rats, five septic rats, and five septic rats infused with 5% albumin. Thermodilution cardiac output and skeletal muscle tissue oxygen tension were sequentially measured over a 6 hr interval. At 6 hr the rectus femoris was biopsied. In sham rats, there was no change in cardiac output or tissue oxygen tension. Skeletal muscle lactate/pyruvate ratio was 10.4 +/- 0.6, ATP was 5.39 +/- 0.23 mumol/g and total tissue adenine nucleotides were 6.41 +/- 0.21 mumol/g. In septic rats, significant decreases in cardiac output and tissue oxygen tension were associated with a lactate/pyruvate ratio of 25.7 +/- 3.7, an ATP level of 4.38 +/- 0.08 mumol/g and tissue adenine nucleotides of 5.59 +/- 0.08 mumol/g (P less than 0.01 vs. sham). In albumin infused septic rats, cardiac output and tissue oxygen tension were maintained at control levels. Skeletal muscle lactate/pyruvate ratio was 14.8 +/- 1.0, ATP was 4.70 +/- 0.12 mumol/g and tissue adenine nucleotides were 5.80 +/- 0.12 mumol/g (P less than 0.05 vs. sham). Despite the maintenance of systemic blood flow and tissue oxygenation in albumin infused septic rats, the increase in lactate/pyruvate ratio and decrease in high energy phosphates suggest impaired oxidative metabolism and energy production early in the course of severe sepsis. PMID- 3208426 TI - Contact Tracker: contact lens management software. PMID- 3208425 TI - CLAO, contact lens reclassification and the FDA: who is the patient's advocate? PMID- 3208427 TI - A nomogram for fitting fluorosilicone acrylate contact lenses. AB - A nomogram for fitting fluorosilicone acrylate contact lenses is presented. Using this nomogram to fit 814 patients (1,578 eyes), we obtained a first-fit success rate of 90%. PMID- 3208428 TI - The effect of daily wear time on contact lens complications. AB - Complications of contact lens wear include limbal neovascularization, corneal edema, keratitis, and spectacle blur. The incidence of complications was studied in a population of new clinic patients previously fitted for contact lenses. Patients whose daily wear time was greater than 12 hours had a significantly greater incidence of complications. Factors that are presumed to contribute to this difference include hypoxic effects, mechanical trauma, and hygiene. Patient education is stressed for the treatment and prevention of contact lens related complications. PMID- 3208429 TI - Giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with rigid gas permeable contact lenses. AB - Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) is an external ocular inflammatory disorder associated with contact lens wear. GPC seems to occur less frequently with hard than with soft contact lens wear. The management of soft contact lens related GPC has included refitting with hard lenses, specifically the newer rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses. We retrospectively studied 14 RGP lens wearers in whom GPC developed. Three patients had had GPC associated with soft contact lens wear and had been fitted with RGP lenses in an effort to restore contact lens tolerance. The interval of time between the initiation of RGP lens wear and the onset of GPC was inversely related to the lens oxygen transmissibility (DK value). Ophthalmologists should be aware of the association between GPC and rigid gas permeable lens wear. PMID- 3208430 TI - True prophylactic gentamicin application in experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. AB - In an experimental model of Pseudomonas keratitis, 50 rabbit eyes were treated with gentamicin sulfate (3 mg/mL) prophylactically on four different treatment regimens. One group (13 eyes) received one drop of gentamicin sulfate every hour to a total of four drops, the last drop 25 minutes before inoculation. A second group (13 eyes) was given one drop of gentamicin sulfate one hour before inoculation. A third group (12 eyes) received one drop of gentamicin sulfate per minute to a total of 4 drops, the last drop 25 minutes prior to inoculation. A fourth group (12 eyes) received one drop of antibiotic 25 minutes before inoculation. Twelve control eyes received saline solution. Subsequently, a superficial corneal scratch was inflicted and each eye received one drop (0.05 mL) of a solution containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The infection rate in all four experimental groups was low, whereas all control eyes became infected. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotic application in the prevention of Pseudomonas keratitis prior to superficial ocular trauma. PMID- 3208431 TI - Time course of corneal oxygen uptake during contact lens wear. AB - We used a polarographic oxygen sensor to measure corneal oxygen uptake rates of 16 subjects during daily wear of soft contact lenses. The subjects reported for examinations on nine occasions over a 30-week lens wearing period. Corneal oxygen uptake rates were measured immediately after lens removal and at 11 additional times over the following 60 minutes. Compared to the pre-fitting (baseline) values, the oxygen uptake rate immediately after contact lens removal was substantially increased early in contact lens wear. It then fell in a nearly stepwise fashion over the 30-week observation period. Whenever measured during the 30-week course of the study oxygen uptake rate decreased rapidly over the first one to two minutes after lens removal. It then showed only minor fluctuations for the remainder of the 60-minute examination. At wearing durations longer than 19 weeks this stable oxygen uptake value was less than the baseline value. We suggest that these changes are a direct consequence of altered epithelial metabolic activity, although possible contributions from instrument drift and corneal thickness changes cannot be discounted. PMID- 3208432 TI - Delayed microbial keratitis following radial keratotomy. AB - A 21 year old man developed Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis 23 months after a reoperation for radial keratotomy. The ulcer developed in one of the inferior incision sites, presumably as a result of poor epithelial wound healing. Prompt medical therapy with fortified antibiotics led to normal visual recovery. PMID- 3208433 TI - Skin collagen from scleroderma patients before and after cyclosporin A treatment. PMID- 3208434 TI - Electron microscopy of clinically normal skin of diabetic patients. PMID- 3208435 TI - Skin irritability to sodium lauryl sulphate--as measured by skin water vapour loss-by sex and race. PMID- 3208436 TI - Nodular amyloidosis. PMID- 3208438 TI - Hamartoma moniliformis--a case report. PMID- 3208437 TI - PUVA therapy of diffuse granuloma annulare. PMID- 3208439 TI - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus following sunburn. PMID- 3208440 TI - Lichen planus of the oesophagus. PMID- 3208441 TI - Hemifacial oedema complicating a case of syringomyelia. PMID- 3208442 TI - Melkersshon-Rosenthal syndrome with positive Kveim test. PMID- 3208443 TI - Nail dystrophy associated with iron deficiency anaemia. PMID- 3208444 TI - Severe photodermatitis during ketoconazole therapy. PMID- 3208445 TI - Neutralizing antibodies in relation to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity inducing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type I. AB - The presence of neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was investigated in sera from 73 HIV-1 seropositive subjects at different clinical stages. Virus neutralization was measured as survival of MT-4 cells in a 6-7 day microassay. Sixty-three sera were also tested for antibodies inducing virus-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Neutralizing antibodies were found in 59% of sera tested, the positivity rate being 50% (9/17) in asymptomatic subjects, 67% (12/18) in patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) and 54% (14/26) in AIDS patients (not significant differences). ADCC antibodies were present in 43% of the sera. Neutralizing antibodies and ADCC-inducing antibodies were found simultaneously in 35% (22/63) of the sera. Neutralizing antibodies alone were found in 22% (14/63) and ADCC antibodies alone in 6% (4/63) of the sera tested. Thirty-seven per cent (23/63) of the sera were negative for both types of antibodies, 62% of the sera with neutralizing antibodies also had ADCC inducing antibodies and 85% of the sera with ADCC antibodies had neutralizing antibodies. The titres of ADCC antibodies were higher than those of neutralizing antibodies. Thus, the presence of ADCC antibodies was related to the presence of neutralizing antibodies, but no correlation was found between the titres of these antibodies in sera positive for both activities. PMID- 3208447 TI - Specific antibody synthesis in vitro. IV. The correlation of in vitro and in vivo antibody response to influenza vaccine in rhesus monkeys. AB - Fourteen female monkeys (Macaca mulatta) received a trivalent influenza vaccine and antibody response was determined by a change in plasma antibody content (ELISA) before and after vaccine. Lymphocyte cultures were also established from these monkeys and the level of antibody response did not correlate with mitogen induced lymphocyte blastogenesis or natural killer cell function. In vitro anti influenza antibody synthesis, however, was found to correlate well with the in vivo response. That is, monkeys who were non-responders, as determined by lack of change in plasma antibody content, were also non-responders in vitro. Accordingly, we believe that vaccine response is not necessarily a measure of immune competence but its measurement may, none the less, have clinical utility. The excellent correlation of in vivo and in vitro response provides predictive value for the in vitro test. Furthermore, because the correlation is good, the in vitro test may be useful as a tool in immunopharmacology and toxicology. PMID- 3208446 TI - IgG subclass response to HIV in relation to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity at different clinical stages. AB - The anti-HIV IgG subclass response was analysed in sera from different clinical stages and related to virus specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). IgG1 was found to be the dominant subclass, present in all sera and with similar mean titres at different stages. The number of anti-HIV IgG3 positive sera, measured on whole viral lysate antigen plates, decreased during disease progression from 38% in symptom-free to 7% in AIDS patients. IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses were less prevalent although a slight increase of IgG4 frequency was found in AIDS patients. High IgG1 titres correlated with a positive ADCC reaction but there was no correlation between anti-HIV IgG1 and ADCC titres. Some sera which contained HIV IgG1 as the only subclass were able to mediate an ADCC reaction. In addition, when anti-HIV IgG3 was isolated, by protein A chromatography, no ADCC killing was induced by these antibodies. It is concluded that IgG1 is the major ADCC-active IgG subclass in HIV infected individuals. The lack of correlation between IgG1 and ADCC titres may be explained by a relatively small fraction of IgG1 antibodies mediating ADCC. PMID- 3208448 TI - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for circulating alpha-interferon in the plasma of healthy children and patients with measles virus infection. AB - The mean circulating alpha-interferon of healthy children aged 2 to 13.5 yrs as measured by a radioimmunoassay was 0.119 +/- 0.031 ng/ml, which was significantly lower than that of young adults. Circulating alpha-interferon of children with measles virus infection aged 1 to 11 yrs, on their first visit to the hospital when they were fully symptomatic, was 0.095 +/- 0.035 ng/ml (n = 39). It was 0.105 +/- 0.070 ng/ml (n = 21) on their second visit, 7 to 10 days after their first visit when the patients were convalescent. The difference was statistically insignificant. It is concluded that immunoreactive circulating alpha-interferon is low in children and reaches maximum level in young adults, subsequently declining gradually with age. Immunoreactive circulating alpha-interferon, a possible reflection of endogenous alpha-interferon, does not change significantly by the infection of measles virus. PMID- 3208449 TI - Recognition of Toxoplasma gondii excreted and secreted antigens by human sera from acquired and congenital toxoplasmosis: identification of markers of acute and chronic infection. AB - While the serological response to somatic antigens of Toxoplasma gondii is currently analysed, little information is available on the antibody response to the antigens excreted and secreted by tachyzoites (ESA). This serological study is focused on the immune response towards these antigens which were released by the parasites in cell-free culture medium. Human sera corresponding to 'acute', 'subacute' and 'chronic' acquired infection and sera from infected newborns and from their mothers were analysed by radio-immunoprecipitation with 35S methionine labelled ESA and with radio-iodinated membrane antigens followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In chronic toxoplasmosis, IgG antibodies recognized among ESA major 108, 97, 86, 60, 57, 42, 39 and 28.5 kD antigens; the 108-97 kD doublets and the 28.5 kD antigen seemed characteristic of the chronic phase of toxoplasmosis. In acute infection, IgM antibodies to the 97 kD antigen, the first to appear, seem to contitute good markers of early acute infection. The comparative study of antibody response to membrane antigens showed that, in chronic toxoplasmosis, human sera recognized four antigens of 43, 35, 30 and 22 kD and that, in acute toxoplasmosis, they first recognized the 43 and 30 kD antigens. The serological evolution in congenital toxoplasmosis was the same as in acquired infection. In some cases, the serological profile of the newborn was different from that of his mother, with an additional antibody response to a 170 kD antigen. This study demonstrates in human toxoplasmosis an early, intense and characteristic antibody response against ESA, suggesting that the use of these antigens could lead in the future to improved diagnostic tests. PMID- 3208450 TI - Subclass distribution and IgE responses after treatment in human schistosomiasis. AB - The IgG and IgA subclass distribution of specific antibodies as well as the distribution of total and specific IgE in 15 patients with schistosomiasis was determined in consecutive samples before and after initiation of treatment. An adult worm antigen preparation and a soluble egg antigen preparation were used as antigens in the ELISA assays. After initiation of treatment a rise was noted in certain subclasses and a correlation was found for specific IgG1 and IgG4 serum levels in the egg-excreting patients against adult worm antigen and for specific IgG4 and IgE levels in sera from the eight patients with a chronic disease. They also had a rise of the specific IgA1 titre and six of them also of specific IgA2. Members of eosinophilic granulocytes reached a peak after 2 weeks in seven of the eight patients. The increase of eosinophils was an early event as opposed to the incidence of peak of the determined specific isotypes. The associated rise in IgG1, IgG4 and IgE antibody concentrations and eosinophils may suggest a causal relation possibly induced by common interleukins. PMID- 3208451 TI - Isolation of a peptide associated with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia from red cell membranes. AB - A 12,000 molecular weight (12 kD) peptide which did not relate to immunoglobulins or complements was purified from the supernatants of dispase-treated red cells of four patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). The isoelectric point (pI) was about 5.3. This peptide was not obtained from normal persons and patients with other haemolytic anaemias. The peptide and the red cell autoantibody disappeared in a patient with angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia (AILD) after intensive chemotherapy. The result indicates an abnormality in the composition of red cell membrane proteins in AIHA. PMID- 3208452 TI - Immunological events leading to destructive thyroiditis in the AUG rat. AB - Single or infrequent observations in patients or animals with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) have failed to elucidate the exact sequence of pathogenetic events leading to thyroid cell destruction. A detailed serial morphological and functional study of experimental AITD (EAITD) in the female AUG rat was therefore undertaken. Following induction of EAITD with thyroglobulin (Tg) in adjuvant antibodies to Tg were detectable one week after the initial immunization, at which stage Ia positive vascular endothelium was observed within the thyroid. This was followed by large numbers of Ia positive dendritic-like cells. With time, in almost all the animals whose titre of Tg antibody rose above a critical level, lymphocytic infiltration was observed consisting mainly of Ia positive B cell aggregates with fewer scattered T cells. This was associated with raised levels of serum TSH and concomitant focal follicular hyperplasia and necrosis. Expression of Ia was mainly restricted to the outer epithelial wall of follicular thyrocytes in direct contact with invading lymphoid cells, although occasional staining on the internal apical membrane was observed as a late event in the destructive process. The Ia expression on thyroid epithelial cells was only observed in areas of thyroid lymphoid infiltration. The immune infiltration of the thyroid in the AUG rat appears to be very similar to that observed in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, with the exception that Ia was not regularly observed on the apical surfaces of thyrocytes. Whether or not the diminished or absent epithelial Ia expression contributes to the spontaneous recovery of the disease observed in this model remains to be resolved. PMID- 3208453 TI - In vivo and in vitro evidence of cell recovery from complement attack in rheumatoid synovium. AB - In the previous article we have demonstrated, by quantifying terminal complement complexes in synovial fluid, that membrane attack complex activation occurs in the joint in rheumatoid arthritis. Here we describe evidence of synoviocyte resistance to complement attack in vivo and in vitro. Gel filtration of terminal complement complex positive synovial fluid on Sepharose 2B revealed two forms of terminal complement complex: one form, eluting coincident with the column void, did not react with antibody to the fluid-phase inhibitor of complement membrane attack, the S-protein, suggesting that it was composed of membrane attack complexes, the other form, eluting in the included volume, did react with the anti-S-protein antibody, suggesting that it was composed of functionally inactive SC5b-9 complexes. The high molecular weight membrane attack complex peak was demonstrated by electron microscopy to be composed of membrane vesicles bearing many lesions having the typical appearance of complement membrane attack complexes. No discernible structures were present in the lower molecular weight peak. The effects of non-lethal complement membrane attack on human synoviocytes in culture were also investigated. Synoviocytes were relatively resistant to killing by autologous complement, end-point lysis of optimally antibody sensitized cells never exceeding 60% even at a serum dilution of 1:2. At serum dilutions of 1:20 or less, no significant cell killing occurred despite a high degree of membrane attack pathway activation, suggesting the existence of resistance and recovery mechanisms. Non-lethal complement membrane attack stimulated the release of toxic reactive oxygen metabolites from synoviocytes. These, and other reactive species released during non-lethal complement attack in vivo, may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3208454 TI - Measurement of terminal complement complexes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Though complement activation is recognized as a central event in inflammation in the rheumatoid joint, little attention has been paid to the role of the cytolytic membrane attack complex of complement in the pathogenesis of this disease. The membrane attack complex causes a variety of non-lethal effects in nucleated cells, including stimulation of release of inflammatory mediators, and cell proliferation. Thus in the rheumatoid synovium, non-lethal effects of complement membrane attack may play a major role in disease pathology. In order to investigate this possibility, assays for the detection of terminal complement complexes in biological fluids have been established, and used to demonstrate membrane attack pathway activation in rheumatoid arthritis. Terminal complement complexes were present in increased levels in synovial fluid (mean, 1,334 ng/ml) and plasma (mean, 513 ng/ml) in 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis when compared with controls (mean, 285 ng/ml and 129 ng/ml respectively). Using an assay specific for the SC5b-9 complex it was demonstrated that the raised levels of terminal complement complexes in rheumatoid synovial fluid consisted of a mixture of inactive SC5b-9 complexes and fluid-phase complement membrane attack complexes. PMID- 3208456 TI - IgA glomerulonephritis and pregnancy. AB - One hundred and sixteen pregnancies in 70 women with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of IgA glomerulonephritis have been analysed. Thirty percent (35) of the fetuses died, 22% (26) were premature and 44% (52) were full term. Maternal renal function declined during pregnancy in 26% (30) and in 2% (2) this was irreversible post-partum. Hypertension developed in 52% (61) of the pregnancies and in 13% (15) this was irreversible. Increased proteinuria was recorded in 62% (74) of the pregnancies. Fetal loss in pregnancies taking place after biopsy diagnosis was lower (16%) than those in which biopsy was performed either during or following the pregnancy (36%). PMID- 3208455 TI - Genetic control of mast cell development in bone marrow cultures. Strain dependent variation in cultures from inbred mice. AB - A comparison was made of the capacity of bone marrow cells (BM) from genetically distinct strains of mice to develop into mast cells under defined conditions of in vitro culture. In the presence of conditioned media derived from ConA treated spleen cells from normal or Trichinella spiralis-infected mice, mast cell development occurred readily. After 21 days of culture mast cells comprised more than 90% of the total cell population. BM taken from certain strains of mice (SWR and NIH) produced large numbers of mast cells, total cell numbers increasing between 2 and 5 fold; other strains (C57BL/10 [B10] B10 congenics) produced relatively few mast cells, total cell numbers not increasing above the starting concentration or declining during culture. The genetic factors determining the strain-response phenotype (no. of mast cells in culture) were predominantly associated with the background genome. No significant differences in response were noted between the B10 congenic strains B10 [H-2b], B10.G [H-2q] or B10.BR [H 2k], which differ only at the MHC, whereas major differences were seen between B10.G and the other H-2q strains [SWR and NIH]. Response phenotype was not inherited as a simple dominant trait; F1 progeny of high x low responder strains were intermediate between the parental values. The expression of genetic influences upon mast cell response phenotype appears to be at both the level of mast cell precursor cells, as determined from limiting dilution assays of BM from high, low and F1 (high x low) strains, and at the level of mast cell proliferation, as determined by repeated sub-culture of mast cells from these strains. PMID- 3208457 TI - Histological features of IgA glomerulonephritis as predictors of pregnancy outcome. AB - 116 pregnancies undertaken by 70 women with IgA glomerulonephritis and their diagnostic renal biopsies have been reviewed. An IgA diffuse mesangial proliferative lesion with superimposed focal and segmental proliferative lesions (IgA FSP) on diagnostic renal biopsy was associated with a greater incidence of maternal complications than IgA diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with no superimposed lesions (IgA DMP) and IgA diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with superimposed focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis (IgA FSHS) (p less than 0.025). Patients with severe vessel lesions had a significantly greater incidence of fetal loss than those with only mild to moderate lesions (p less than 0.025). PMID- 3208458 TI - Sepsis: a cause of aluminum release from tissue stores associated with acute neurological dysfunction and mortality. AB - We report six cases of patients with renal failure and exposure to aluminum who developed septicemia. In all cases the serum aluminum increased markedly. This may have contributed to the neurological dysfunction seen in five, and the deaths of four of the patients. We suggest that the rise in serum aluminum was due to the release of tissue-bound aluminum, resulting in an increase in free, diffusable aluminum and that this jeopardized both neurological function and immunocompetence. PMID- 3208459 TI - Renal failure and nephrotic syndrome associated with sulindac. AB - Four elderly patients developed nephrotic syndrome while receiving sulindac. Sulindac treatment had commenced 4-12 months prior to presentation with the nephrotic syndrome. Two patients also developed oliguric renal failure. Renal biopsy in one showed minimal change nephropathy and in three cases membranous nephropathy. Interstitial nephritis was present on renal biopsy in all cases. The nephrotic syndrome and renal failure resolved in all cases after withdrawal of sulindac. Two patients received steroid therapy and improvement in renal function and disappearance of proteinuria seemed to be temporarily related to steroid therapy in both cases. Despite the fact that sulindac is less likely to cause renal failure due to inhibition of renal prostaglandin secretion this report shows that sulindac treatment can be associated with renal failure and the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3208460 TI - Solitary asymptomatic plaque of demyelination in the medulla oblongata. AB - Clinically benign and clinically silent multiple sclerosis is now recognized. The corresponding plaques of demyelination in such cases are usually located in silent areas of the brain. We report a case where a solitary 3 x 3 mm plaque of demyelination was incidentally found in the medulla oblongata at autopsy. Although the plaque should have produced sensory symptoms by virtue of its location, no such history was obtainable even after direct questioning of the spouse of the deceased. The case illustrates that a single episode of demyelination may take place within the CNS without recurrence, and that a demyelinating plaque may be asymptomatic due to a functionally benign local effect, and not only by location in a silent area of the brain. PMID- 3208461 TI - Failure of automatic control of ventilation (Ondine's curse) associated with viral encephalitis of the brainstem: a clinicopathologic study of one case. AB - A case of Ondine's curse associated with hypothalamic dysfunction in an 8-year old boy is described. The neuropathological examination revealed a viral encephalitis affecting the hypothalamus and the brainstem. In the medulla the inflammatory process involved the reticular formation and the nuclei considered to control automatic respiration such as the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, the nucleus tractus solitarii and the nucleus ambiguous. Although Ondine's curse following viral infection of the central nervous system has been previously reported this represents the first case of viral encephalitis to be pathologically documentated. PMID- 3208462 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the meninges. AB - A case of primary malignant melanoma of the meninges is described in which the clinical presentation is that of visual loss and limb weakness. Clinically a diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis was made and subsequently malignant cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). At autopsy the diagnosis of primary malignant melanoma of the meninges was made. PMID- 3208463 TI - Distal myopathy with focal granular degenerative change in vacuolated type 2 fibers. AB - A slowly progressive distal myopathy with raised blood (CK) level commencing in the second decade was associated with large vacuoles found only in type 2 fibers. The vacuoles consisted of sarcoplasmic spaces without limiting membranes, containing granular and fibrillar material. This material probably represented degenerative products derived from myofibrils. A distinction is drawn between these degenerative vacuolar changes and those reported in other cases of sporadic or hereditary distal myopathy in which autophagic vacuoles are characteristic. PMID- 3208464 TI - Anaplastic evolution of childhood optico-hypothalamic pilocytic astrocytoma: report of an autopsy case. AB - A 19-month-old boy was found to have an optico-hypothalamic tumor with obstructive hydrocephalus, and received a ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt followed by irradiation to the hypothalamic area. Although his visual disturbances continued, general conditions improved subsequently and he enjoyed normal life with only a visual disturbance. Four years later, however, he developed vomiting, left hemiparesis and dysuria, and died at the age of 6.5 years. Autopsy revealed a huge tumor occupying the hypothalamus, thalamus, basal ganglia and the right temporal lobe. Histologically, the tumor was composed of pilocytic astrocytes with Rosenthal fiber in the hypothalamus, where the tumor is considered to have developed initially, and poorly differentiated cells with some astrocytic and neuronal differentiation in other areas. Dissemination of the tumor was extensive in the whole CSF spaces, and in the peritoneum through the V P shunt. We consider this a rare case of a childhood hypothalamic pilocytic astrocytoma undergoing delayed malignant evolution. PMID- 3208465 TI - Diffuse gliomatosis of the central nervous system with histological features of microgliomatosis. AB - An unusual case of diffuse gliomatosis affecting predominantly spinal cord but also paraxial structures of the brain is reported. Histologically, foci of tumor cells bore resemblance to microglia and a diagnosis of diffuse microgliomatosis was initially made. Subsequent review of histological material and immunostaining with anti-GFAP antiserum revealed astrocytic differentiation in the tumor. This is regarded as evidence of a poorly differentiated, diffuse gliomatosis exhibiting both astrocytic and microglial features. The controversy surrounding the microglia and microgliomatosis is reviewed. PMID- 3208466 TI - The diagnosis of Horner's syndrome. AB - We studied the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of Horner's syndrome in 62 patients. The final criterion was serial photography of the darkness reflex of the pupil. This technique confirmed oculosympathetic dysfunction in only 50%. The positive predictive value of the clinical diagnosis could be increased to more than 80% by measuring the degree of miosis and ptosis on single photographs, or by assuming independent confirmation of the clinical diagnosis by a second observer. However, the chance that a patient who is judged normal in this way does still have oculosympathetic dysfunction remains 25% (photographs) to 40% (second observer). Testing with cocaine is more specific and slightly more sensitive than estimating or measuring the degree of miosis and ptosis. PMID- 3208467 TI - Mitotic activity in cerebrospinal fluid cells. AB - Mitotic figures were observed in 38 cases of a series of 3200 CSF cytograms. Their relative incidence was the highest in cases of tumoural invasion of the CSF, but they also occurred in inflammatory and reactive fluids and did not necessarily indicate tumoural origin. In bacterial infections of the central nervous system they were mainly present during the repair phase of the disease. In haemorrhagic spinal fluid they were absent. These findings suggest that cell division in spinal fluid tends to develop in conditions in which the viability of the cells is not affected by introduction of foreign material such as blood and bacteria. PMID- 3208468 TI - Spinal epidural hematoma without lesion of the spine. Report of 4 cases. AB - The authors report 4 cases of spinal epidural hematoma without a lesion of the spine. The medical literature relating to this subject is reviewed with special reference to the pathophysiology of the bleeding. There are arguments in favor of the venous origin as well the arterial origin of the bleeding. As far as recovery following surgical treatment is concerned, the history of our cases confirms the opinion that the prognosis depends on two factors: the delay between onset of symptoms and operation and the severity of the neurological deficit. PMID- 3208469 TI - Dermoid tumours occurring at the site of previous meningocele repair. AB - Two cases of dermoid tumours following meningocele repair have been reported because of the rarity of the condition and paucity of literature. It should be stressed that a dermoid tumour should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological deterioration in patients with a repaired meningocele. PMID- 3208471 TI - Intradural extramedullary tuberculous spinal granulomas. AB - Four cases of intradural extramedullary tuberculous spinal granulomas without bony involvement are presented. Both, the rarity of the disease, as well as the successful microsurgical resection with good recovery prompted this report. The pathogenesis with the controversies therein, is discussed and pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 3208470 TI - Intracerebral bilateral symmetrical calcifications, demonstrated in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism. AB - Bilateral Symmetrical Calcifications (B.S.C.) in cerebro represent calcium deposits usually found in the basal ganglia and/or dentate nucleus. They can be the result of diverse disorders, but can also present themselves without any underlying disease. Most often they are asymptomatic, but if the calcifications are extensive, extrapyramidal and cerebellar signs may arise. The following case concerns a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism. Besides the usual signs and symptoms found in this disease, the patient also showed extensive B.S.C. The etiology and clinical symptoms of B.S.C. will be discussed. Furthermore, attention will be given to the syndrome of the pseudohypoparathyroidism and the effects of hypocalcemia. PMID- 3208472 TI - Coexistence of multiple arteriovenous malformations and an anomalous aortic arch. AB - An unusual case of multiple congenital arteriovenous malformations (AVM) coexistent with an anomalous aortic arch is described. Our patient had been asymptomatic, with physical findings limited to a low grade systolic murmur, until the onset of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Arteriography was technically difficult and failed to demonstrate the origin of his hemorrhage or the configuration of his aortic arch. However, an AVM within the neck muscles was visualized. Magnetic resonance imaging of his chest revealed a right-sided, retroesophageal aortic arch with an anomalous pattern of branching. The intracranial AVM and the course of the great vessels was clearly revealed at autopsy. A possible embryologic mechanism underlying the origin and distribution of the arch vasculature is discussed. PMID- 3208473 TI - Hydatid cyst of the cavernous sinus. AB - A case of hydatid cyst in the cavernous sinus is reported. The cyst was treated by cyst aspiration and formalin injection. PMID- 3208474 TI - Parkinsonian syndrome after cardiac arrest: radiological and neurochemical changes. AB - Following a cardiac arrest, a 21-year-old man developed a Parkinson syndrome. This was due to, as shown by brain computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), symmetrical infarctions of the basal ganglia, especially the globi pallidi. The levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) in the CSF were lower than normal, pointing to a possible alteration of the central dopaminergic activity. An alteration of the opioid system may also be supposed because of the extremely high levels of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk). PMID- 3208475 TI - Spinal epidural abscesses: surgery or conservative treatment? PMID- 3208476 TI - Scientific meeting of The Netherlands Society of Neurology. Garderen, 11-12th December 1987. Abstracts. PMID- 3208477 TI - Current controversies in perinatal care. PMID- 3208478 TI - Racial differences in pregnancy outcomes. AB - Black mothers in the United States are twice as likely as their white counterparts to experience a wide variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including prematurity, low birth weight, and infant and fetal death. Although blacks have higher proportions of births with maternal risk factors such as young age, high birth order, low education, and unmarried mothers, these differences do not account for their higher rates of adverse outcomes; the reasons for the excess remain largely unknown. To develop effective interventions to reduce the racial disparities in pregnancy outcome, we must further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying premature onset of labor and intrauterine growth. PMID- 3208479 TI - Baby Doe committees: a critical evaluation. AB - The origin, assumptions, functions, goals, similarities, and differences of infant ethics committees (IECs) are reviewed. Effectiveness of IECs is assessed through examination of cases involving parental refusal of treatment, and parental insistence on treatment. Specific steps for better facilitating committee goals are suggested. PMID- 3208480 TI - The perinatal paradigm: is it time for a change? AB - Two different care procedures are presented to raise the difficult question of whether we should completely reevaluate our paradigms of care in the perinatal period. In this thorough review, should we continue to use the same framework of beliefs in deciding on the benefits and risks of any care procedure? PMID- 3208481 TI - Aldosterone and magnesium in essential arterial hypertension. AB - Thirty mildly hypertensive patients and 27 patients with severe essential hypertension and high levels of aldosterone were selected for a study of the relationship between plasma aldosterone and magnesium in essential arterial hypertension; levels of calcium and potassium were also studied. Thirty-six individuals were used as a control group. Our findings indicate that as plasma aldosterone levels increase, serum magnesium levels decrease correspondingly: in mild hypertensives with low levels of plasma aldosterone p less than 0.05 and in the most severely hypertensive patients with high levels of plasma aldosterone p less than 0.001. In this latter group we also found an inverse correlation between serum magnesium and systolic arterial pressure (p less than 0.001) and diastolic pressure (p less than 0.01). In these patients a significant increase in urinary excretion of magnesium was found, with levels 3 times higher than in the control group. These findings suggest a close relationship between changes in plasma aldosterone and magnesium. Possibly the aldosterone contributes through this mechanism to maintaining the hypertensive state in essential arterial hypertension. This action is exercised directly through the kidney, leading to a small but constant urinary loss of magnesium. This in turn leads to a chronic depletion of magnesium in hypertensives who have high levels of plasma renin activity and highly elevated plasma aldosterone. PMID- 3208482 TI - Plasma catecholamines and urinary excretion of their main metabolites in three models of portal hypertension. AB - We have measured, by a specific radioenzymoassay, the plasma concentration of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) and by gas chromatography the urinary excretion of some catecholamine metabolites (HVA, homovanillic acid, DOPAC, dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid; VMA, vanilmandelic acid, and DOPEG, dihydroxyphenyl glycol) in three groups of rats with portal hypertension: cirrhotic rats (CR), rats with progressive portal hypertension (PPH) and rats with progressive hepatic congestion (PHC). The three groups of rats had portal hypertension. PPH and PHC had also intrahepatic hypertension. CR rats showed an increased urinary excretion of NE and DA metabolites with a normal plasma concentration of these catecholamines, suggesting an increased turnover of NE and DA in this experimental model. PPH animals had a high plasma DA concentration with a decreased urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites. PHC showed high plasma DA and NE levels with normal or increased urinary excretion of its metabolites. These results suggest that an increased neural activity is present in the early stages of experimental cirrhosis in rats and this alteration does not seem directly related to the portal hypertension but perhaps to the intrahepatic hypertension or to the hepatocellular damage. PMID- 3208483 TI - Heterogeneity of glomerular barrier function in early adriamycin nephrosis of MWF rats. AB - Adriamycin (ADR), selectively toxic to glomerular epithelial cells, was administered (5 mg/kg BW, i.v.) to MWF/Ztm rats to study its early effects on glomerular barrier function with respect to albumin and high molecular weight (HMW) proteins. After 7 days of ADR incubation (glomerular filtration rate remains unchanged), protein excretion was significantly increased in treated rats. The proteinuria was due to a nonselective glomerular lesions resulting in an increase in both, but not a changed ratio of HMW proteins to albumin. However, this ADR-induced proteinuria seen in the final urine was not confirmed by free flow micropuncture studies of superficial glomeruli. The albumin and HMW protein concentrations in samples taken from Bowman's capsular space of ADR-treated rats did not significantly differ from control samples. These data suggest that cortical nephrons are less sensitive to ADR than juxtamedullary nephrons. PMID- 3208484 TI - Influence of metallic carcinogenesis in lung and colorectal neoplasia. Metals in neoplastic processes. AB - We have found changes in the metabolism of trace elements undergoing cancerogenic processes. Using chromatography we have been able to prove that both their distribution among the different plasma proteins and their total concentration in serum and neoplastic tissue are altered. Some differences were found in the values of ceruloplasmin against controls by measuring its oxidizing activity as opposed to O-phenylenediamine. At the same time, using electrophoretic techniques, we have studied the global modifications in the different groups of plasma proteins in neoplastic serum. This report is especially interested in the metabolism of copper, chrome and zinc in serum and tissue in about 20 patients suffering from lung and colorectal neoplasia, in order to compare the parameters which were studied. PMID- 3208485 TI - Change in plasma amino acid concentrations during breath-hold diving at high altitude. AB - We studied the plasma concentration of various amino acids in 6 Italian sport divers in Italy and at approximately 4,500 m altitude in Peru; 6 Peruvian inhabitants were examined for comparison. We attempted to create a situation of pronounced hypoxia in muscles by breath-hold diving at altitude. The diving reflex diverts blood away from muscles while diving increases central oxygen tension and prevents loss of consciousness. Differences in certain amino acids, probably related to diet, were noted between Italy and Peru. Increases in concentration of plasma alanine and some branched-chain amino acids occurred after breath-hold diving. These changes were similar to those seen after prolonged hard exercise, even though physical work was low. Hypoxia in muscles, common during hard work and during breath-hold diving at altitude, might thus be the stimulus for amino acid release from working muscles. PMID- 3208486 TI - Myoglobinuria in hereditary progressive muscular dystrophies. AB - Myoglobin (Mb) levels in pooled urine samples were investigated and compared in patients with different types of hereditary progressive muscular dystrophies (MD). The samples were taken before and after physical exercise. The Mb levels in the patients were significantly higher than in controls under both resting and exercise conditions. The formation of separate clusters of Mb values enabled us to distinguish patients with different types of MD according to the clinical diagnosis. Urine protein detection with SDS-acrylamide electrophoresis showed an abnormal pattern in patients compared to healthy controls. PMID- 3208487 TI - [Digital radiographic image enhancement in bone diagnosis--initial clinical results]. AB - 34 patients with skeletal alterations mostly in the periphery were investigated by digital image intensifier radiography (DIIR). A high resolution image intensifier system (1024 x 1024 matrix, 40 cm, 28 cm, 14 cm image intensifier, maximal spatial resolution: 3.6 lp/mm) was available. The image quality was diagnostic sufficient in 76% using DIIR. A good or very good image quality of fine-structures was obtained only in 41%. The quality deficits in comparison to conventional radiograms were particularly obvious in investigation of the phalangeals. Logarithmic amplification and software upgrading lead after these first clinical investigations to a better image quality. PMID- 3208489 TI - [Technics of secondary reconstruction of planar images from magnetic resonance tomographic 3D data sets]. AB - Description of a method to reconstruct planar images from MRT 3D data sets. These images can be of varying orientation. Reconstruction requires a computer and the control panel of a normal magnetic resonance tomography equipment. Calculation of reconstruction is done in a few minutes. Patients can be examined parallel to this without difficulty. The method yields in a much shorter time than before images with a definitely higher resolution than by the conventional technique. PMID- 3208488 TI - [Diseases of the lymphatic system of the head and neck region. A comparative study of MRI and CT]. AB - The diagnostic possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging compared with computed tomography in lymphomas and pathological enlargement of the lymph nodes in the head and neck region are presented. Whereas plain MRI examinations showed the same diagnostic sensitivity as CT, application of the paramagnetic contrast medium Gd-DTPA in 50 of 87 patients clearly increased diagnostic accuracy. Signal intensities of T1- or T2-weighted images before therapy (operation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) and after administration of Gd-DTPA were enhanced, compared with posttherapeutic and plain examinations. An increase after therapy in two patients signalled a relapse or residual tumour tissue; a decrease in three cases was evaluated as response to therapy. Other differential diagnostic processes such as lipomas, neurinomas, glomus tumours etc. were differentiated with the help of signal intensity curves after administration of contrast media and the use of a gradient echo sequence TR/TE = 30/12 msec with a flip angle of 30 degrees. Differentiation of tissue based on morphological criteria such as homogeneity of tumour tissue or the delineation against surrounding tissue structures showed in the case of Hodgkin's disease and inflammatory diseases mainly homogeneous elements without ring-shaped structure. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas had a predominantly homogeneous structure. In squamous cell carcinomas MR revealed in two cases a ring-shaped enhancement. PMID- 3208490 TI - [The use of CT in meniscopathy]. AB - The results of CT examination of meniscopathies in 54 patients, most of them competitive athletes, are presented. CT has an overall accuracy of about 90 per cent and can hence be used for diagnosing a lesion of the meniscus with a reasonable amount of safety, while being rapid and avoiding unnecessary exposure to stress. This method, therefore, should be a focal point of the imaging methods and thus be placed between the specialist doctor's findings and possible surgery. The pros and cons of CT compared with other imaging methods are discussed. PMID- 3208491 TI - Increased urinary excretion of prostaglandin E in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. AB - 1. Because urinary prostaglandin excretion could play a role in idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH), we studied the excretion of prostaglandin E (PGE), calcium and sodium at various urine flows in 21 patients (14 males) with urolithiasis and IH, seven stone formers (five males) with normal calciuria and 20 controls (11 males). Dietary composition was comparable and sodium intake was restricted to 100-120 mmol/day. 2. Analyses were performed on 30 min urine collections obtained after overnight water deprivation and during water diuresis. Male IH patients had increased levels of urinary PGE at all ranges of urine flow. PGE excretion correlated directly with urine flow in patients and controls, but the slope of this relationship in individual IH male patients was steeper than in controls (P less than 0.01). Calciuria correlated directly with urine output in patients with IH but not in controls. Calcium and sodium excretion were directly correlated (P less than 0.0001) in patients and controls. There were no significant differences between absorptive IH (seven patients) and renal IH (eight patients). There were no significant differences between stone formers with normocalciuria and control subjects. 3. The findings suggest that increased urinary PGE could play a role in the hypercalciuria syndrome, possibly by promoting natriuresis. PMID- 3208492 TI - Effect of protoporphyrin IX on ursodeoxycholate-induced hypercholeresis in the rat. AB - 1. It is known that the perfusion of rat livers with solutions containing protoporphyrin IX induces a decrease in bile flow which is not due to inhibition of bile acid secretion but rather to decreased electrolyte transport into bile. By contrast, ursodeoxycholate induces hypercholeresis, partly due to a marked stimulation of biliary bicarbonate secretion. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of protoporphyrin IX on ursodeoxycholate-induced choleresis in anesthetized male Wistar rats. 2. Protoporphyrin IX infusion at rates of 10, 20 and 40 micrograms min-1 100 g-1 body weight into the jugular vein induced a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on bile flow as well as on bile acid and electrolyte secretion. The lowest infused rate only induced slight and non significant changes in spontaneous bile formation and functional variables such as glycaemia, packed cell volume, blood pH, PCO2, PO2 and bicarbonate concentration, and in hepatic carbonic anhydrase activity. It was thus considered as a subtoxic dose. 3. Sodium taurocholate was infused (0.5 mumol min-1 100 g-1 body weight) over the second hour of the lowest dose of protoporphyrin IX infusion. In these rats, no significant changes in bile flow or bile acid and electrolyte secretion were observed as compared with animals receiving sodium taurocholate plus saline solution. 4. Bile acid secretion induced by ursodeoxycholate infusion (1 mumol min-1 100 g-1 body weight) was similar both in rats receiving ursodeoxycholate plus saline solution and in animals infused with this bile acid over the second hour of the lowest dose of protoporphyrin IX infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208493 TI - Lithium clearance and renal tubular sodium handling during acute and long-term nifedipine treatment in essential hypertension. AB - 1. In two separate studies the lithium clearance method was used to evaluate the influence of acute and long-term nifedipine treatment on renal tubular sodium reabsorption. 2. In the acute study, after a 4 week placebo period two doses of 20 mg of nifedipine decreased supine blood pressure from 155/101 (20.6/13.5) +/- 11/4 (1.5/0.5) to 139/88 (18.5/11.7) +/- 16/9 (2.1/1.2) mmHg (kPa) (means +/- SD; P less than 0.01). Lithium clearance, glomerular filtration rate and sodium clearance did not change. Therefore the calculated values of absolute proximal and absolute distal sodium reabsorption rates were also unchanged, as were potassium clearance, urine flow and body weight. 3. In the long-term study, lithium clearance, glomerular filtration rate, sodium clearance, potassium clearance, urine flow and body fluid volumes were measured after a 4 weeks placebo period and after 6 and 12 weeks of nifedipine treatment. As compared with placebo, mean supine blood pressure decreased significantly. The glomerular filtration rate did not change but lithium clearance fell by 30%. Consequently, the absolute and the fractional proximal sodium reabsorption increased significantly. The fractional distal sodium reabsorption did not change. Sodium clearance, fractional sodium excretion, potassium clearance, plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were also unchanged. 4. In conclusion, we found no changes of renal tubular sodium reabsorption during acute nifedipine treatment, whereas long-term nifedipine treatment caused a redistribution of tubular sodium reabsorption without a change in overall sodium excretion or body fluid compartments. PMID- 3208494 TI - Reproducibility of haemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses to isometric exercise and mental arithmetic in normo- and hyper-tensive subjects. AB - 1. To determine the reproducibility of a mental arithmetic stress test and a handgrip exercise test, we studied the responses of blood pressure, heart rate, forearm blood flow and plasma catecholamines on two occasions, with an interval of at least 1 week, in 24 normotensive and 22 hypertensive subjects. 2. The SE of a single observation of the percentage changes of blood pressure ranged from 3.9 to 9.3% in normotensive subjects and from 3.9 to 7.4% in hypertensive subjects in both tests. For heart rate, these values were 4.9-12.3% in the normotensive subjects and 4.8-5.7% in the hypertensive subjects. However, there was a wide individual scatter of these haemodynamic responses during both tests. The forearm blood flow, only measured during mental arithmetic, had an SE of a single observation of 33.7%. 3. In 10 normotensive subjects the SE of a single observation of the change in plasma noradrenaline was 0.16 nmol/l during handgrip exercise and 0.09 nmol/l during mental arithmetic. The corresponding values for plasma adrenaline were 0.04 and 0.05 nmol/l. 4. In conclusion, although both tests showed a rather low SE of a single observation for the blood pressure and heart rate responses in normo- and hyper-tensive subjects, there was a considerable individual variability. If related to the mean forearm blood flow responses, the SE of a single observation of the forearm blood flow response was of similar magnitude. The limited intra-individual reproducibility of both tests should be borne in mind when interpreting pharmacological intervention studies or studies evaluating sympathoadrenal reactivity in cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 3208495 TI - Effect of potassium depletion on renal tubular function in the rat. AB - 1. In order to investigate the effects of K+ depletion on renal function, micropuncture studies were performed on anaesthetized rats which had been kept on a K+-deficient diet for 2 weeks; results were compared with those from control animals. 2. In the K+-depleted animals, values for total glomerular filtration rate and single-nephron filtration rate were significantly lower than in controls. Urine osmolality was also reduced; this was associated with reductions in the osmolality, Na+ concentration and K+ concentration of papillary interstitial fluid. No significant difference between urine and papillary osmolality was observed. 3. Fractional reabsorption by the proximal convoluted tubule was enhanced in the K+-depleted animals; end-proximal fluid delivery was markedly reduced. 4. Absolute, but not fractional, delivery of K+ to the beginning of the distal tubule was reduced in the K+-depleted animals. In contrast to observations in control rats, no net secretion of K+ into the distal tubule occurred and there was indirect evidence of K+ reabsorption in the collecting duct. 5. K+ depletion was associated with reductions in the delivery of Na+ and water to early and late regions of the distal tubule, whereas excretion rates of Na+ and water were unaffected. 6. It is suggested that the reduction in Na+ delivery to the loop of Henle (arising from the changes in filtration rate and proximal tubular reabsorption) might contribute to the reduced medullary osmotic concentration observed during K+ depletion. Reductions in fractional reabsorption of Na+ and water in the collecting duct might result from lowered plasma aldosterone levels and the reduced medullary osmolality. PMID- 3208496 TI - Alanylglutamine reduces muscle loss of alanine and glutamine in post-operative anaesthetized dogs. AB - 1. The present study examined the effect of an infusion of the dipeptide alanylglutamine or of the corresponding amino acids alanine and glutamine in equimolar amounts (10 mumol min-1 kg-1) on the canine hindlimb exchange of alanine and glutamine in the post-operative anaesthetized dog. In contrast to glutamine, the dipeptide alanylglutamine is stable in aqueous solution and therefore would be a suitable substrate for parenteral nutrition. 2. The infusion of alanylglutamine increased (a) the arterial concentration of alanylglutamine to a plateau level (120 +/- 9.5 mumol/l, mean +/- SEM) 20 min after start of the infusion, (b) the mean arterial alanine concentration from 761 +/- 42 to a plateau of 1500-1700 mumol/l (P greater than 0.01) and (c) the arterial glutamine concentration from 407 +/- 51 to a plateau of 1050-1500 mumol/l (P greater than 0.01). Alanine and glutamine levels were slightly higher (14% and 26%, respectively, NS) in the group receiving the equimolar amount of alanine and glutamine. 3. Infusion of alanylglutamine for 1 h abolished the net efflux of glutamine (from -0.80 +/- 0.1 to -0.03 +/- 0.2 mumol min-1 kg-1; P greater than 0.05) and invoked a net influx of alanine (from -0.50 +/- 0.19 to +0.27 +/- 0.14 mumol min-1 kg-1; P greater than 0.01). These changes were similar to those achieved when the two amino acids were infused. 4. This study demonstrates that during short-term administration of alanylglutamine or of the corresponding amino acids the nitrogen release from the hindlimb of the anaesthetized post-operative dog via alanine and glutamine is reduced. PMID- 3208498 TI - Antitrust enforcement and the medical profession: no special treatment. PMID- 3208497 TI - Renal handling of pepsinogens A and C in man. AB - 1. Fractional excretions of pepsinogens A and C in the urine were investigated in 21 healthy subjects and in 38 patients with chronic renal insufficiency. In eight of the healthy subjects fractional excretions were measured again after oral administration of omeprazole for 9 days. 2. The mean fractional excretion of pepsinogen A was 27.6% (range 4.4-73.9%) in healthy subjects and remained unchanged after omeprazole administration. In patients with renal failure the mean fractional excretion of pepsinogen A was 37.9% (range 7.0-81.9%). The mean fractional excretion of pepsinogen C was 1.0% (range 0.04-6.8%) in healthy subjects and decreased after omeprazole. In patients with chronic renal diseases a sharp rise in fractional excretion of pepsinogen C was observed once glomerular filtration rate was less than 40 ml/min. 3. Fractional excretion of pepsinogen A was unexpectedly high for a negatively charged protein with a molecule mass of 40,000 daltons. This might be explained by the presence of the positively charged activation peptide. Furthermore, pepsinogen C seemed to be almost entirely reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate and a tubular reabsorption maximum appeared to be present. Pepsinogen C may, therefore, be a new marker of tubular function. The cause of the remarkable difference in tubular handling of two quite similar low-molecular-mass proteins remains to be elucidated. PMID- 3208499 TI - New birth certificate form required. PMID- 3208500 TI - Hearing loss associated with muromonab-CD3 therapy. PMID- 3208501 TI - Lack of correlation between objective indicators and clinical-response scores during antimicrobial therapy for acute pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3208502 TI - Additive and synergistic bactericidal activity contributed by desacetylcefotaxime during cefotaxime therapy. PMID- 3208503 TI - Perspectives on clinical laboratory automation. PMID- 3208504 TI - Workflow analysis in determining instrumentation needs. AB - The workflow parameters that have been reviewed should be carefully utilized with all the other traditional evaluation techniques in making an instrument decision. Most laboratory managers make the mistake of purchasing a larger analyzer than is required. The cost of this mistake is not just the usually higher purchase price. Larger and higher speed instruments tend to be more complex, requiring better trained operators and necessitating more maintenance. In addition, they tend to be less flexible for meeting STAT needs and more difficult to bring out of the stand-by mode. For the smaller laboratory, the oversized analyzer not only raises the operating requirements, but potentially lowers the service capabilities. A careful analysis of the laboratory's workflow and production issues may also do more than help clarify the instrumentation issues. Often an audit of how work is processed will uncover new ways to organize and perform the testing. Instead of a new analyzer solving the perceived problem, the solution that has the most impact may not involve any capital acquisition at all. However, even when the decision reached results in new instrumentation, a better understanding of how the new machine should function in the laboratory's environment will only improve its effectiveness in addressing the need. PMID- 3208505 TI - Abstracts from the Second International Conference on Molecular Biology and Pathology of Matrix. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 15-18, 1988. PMID- 3208506 TI - Sequential processes in image generation. PMID- 3208507 TI - Construction of the third dimension in mental imagery. PMID- 3208508 TI - Major health care organizations support ANA in RCT opposition. PMID- 3208509 TI - Increase of dentin phosphophoryn with dentin formation. AB - Dentin phosphophoryn was quantified on bovine and rabbit dentin at three developmental stages. Phosphophoryn was extracted from teeth with 0.6M HCl, and quantified as optical density on DEAE-cellulose chromatogram or as phosphoserine content. Bovine phosphophoryn showed progressive increase with formation of dentin. Matrix-associated phosphophoryn was also quantified as phosphoserine content in insoluble dentin residue which was extracted with 6 M urea after decalcification. This fraction increased with formation of dentin both in bovine and rabbit dentin. Phosphophoryn is thought to be related to the later stage of dentin formation. PMID- 3208510 TI - Age-related changes in small proteoglycans of low buoyant density of human articular cartilage. AB - Proteoglycans extracted from articular cartilage of large joints of humans aged 4, 11, 70 and 75, were fractionated on associative density gradients. The top fraction (A3) was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and subsequent gel filtration on Sepharose CL 4B in 4 M GuCl, 0.5% Triton x 100. Proteoglycans from young cartilages yielded a narrow rapid migrating band on gel electrophoresis, had a Kav of 0.43 and 0.44 on Sepharose CL 4B, a glucosamine/galactosamine ratio of 0.11 and 0.12 and a glycoprotein core rich in aspartic acid and leucine with a Mr of about 47,000. Proteoglycans from old cartilages gave a wider and slower migrating band on gel electrophoresis, had a wide peak with a Kav of 0.38 and 0.40 on Sepharose CL 4B, a glucosamine/galactosamine ratio of 5.1 and 3.2, a glycoprotein core rich in glutamic acid and glycine, and with a Mr of about 170,000-180,000. Analysis using monoclonal antibodies detected epitopes of keratarn sulfate and of hyaluronic acid binding region in the fractions from old but not in those from young cartilages. Small proteoglycans not derived from the large monomers are the major component of low-buoyant-density fractions of proteoglycans from young cartilages. Fragments of large monomers containing keratan sulfate and hyaluronic acid binding region are the major component of similar fractions from old cartilage. PMID- 3208512 TI - Connective tissue remodelling in the ovine cervix during pregnancy and at term. AB - Cervical ripening and dilation in the ewe has been quantitated in terms of the connective tissue content of the tissue and the biosynthesis of the macromolecular components which make up the extracellular matrix of this tissue. During pregnancy there is a marked increase in the total tissue mass of the cervix along with the total mass of hydroxyproline (collagen) and hexuronate (proteoglycans and hyaluronate). The concentration of hydroxyproline of the cervix based on wet weight of the tissue decreases during pregnancy, however if based on dry weight, the concentration does not change until term. The hexuronate concentration based on both wet and dry weight of the tissue declines with pregnancy. The biosynthesis of collagen does not change during pregnancy but the rate of hyaluronate and proteoglycan synthesis by the cervix is increased in late pregnancy, and at term the rate of proteoglycan biosynthesis is elevated 10-fold. These data suggest that during cervical ripening and dilation a highly dynamic metabolic state exists within the tissue which allows for rapid tissue remodelling. PMID- 3208511 TI - Isolation, partial purification and in vitro characterization of osteogenic inhibitory protein. AB - A noncollagenous protein has been extracted and partially purified from adult cortical bone. This protein copurifies with another bone matrix protein, bone morphogenetic protein, until treatment with nonionic detergents. Characterization of the biological activity of this new protein has demonstrated it to be a potent osteogenic inhibitor in vitro. The inhibitor antagonizes the chondrogenic activity of devitalized, demineralized bone matrix as well as the activity of soluble bone morphogenetic protein. Bone matrix induced collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis are both inhibited in the presence of various concentrations of the osteogenic inhibitory protein. Inhibition of collagen synthesis required the presence of osteogenic inhibitory protein from the initiation of the tissue culture while glycosaminoglycan synthesis could be inhibited at any stage of differentiation. We postulate that this osteogenic inhibitory protein is essential in normal homeostatic bone metabolism, perhaps acting directly on bone morphogenetic protein. PMID- 3208513 TI - The antiprogestational agent RU 486 as an abortifacient in early human pregnancy: a comparison of three dose regimens. AB - Three different regimens of RU 486, a progesterone receptor blocking agent, were compared for their ability to terminate early human pregnancy. One-hundred-fifty three healthy women with a gestational length less than 49 days from the last menstrual period were recruited to the study and randomly allocated to one of three treatment regimens: 1) RU 486 10 mg x 2 for seven days; 2) RU 486 25 mg x 2 for seven days; or 3) RU 486 50 mg x 2 for seven days. No significant difference in efficacy was seen between the three dose regimens. Treatment with 10 mg x 2 x VII resulted in 73 per cent complete abortions, 25 mg x 2 x VII in 66 per cent and 50 mg x 2 x VII in 64 per cent complete abortions. Response to treatment, measured as reported onset of bleeding and passage of products of conception, however, occurred significantly later on the 10 mg x 2 regimen than on the other two dose regimens. In each treatment group, women who subsequently aborted completely had significantly lower pretreatment levels of hCG than women with incomplete abortion or continuing pregnancy. The treatment was well tolerated by the women and except for one woman who experienced a profound bleeding necessitating a blood transfusion, no serious side effects were seen. PMID- 3208515 TI - Temporal relation of ovulation to salivary and vaginal electrical resistance patterns: implications for natural family planning. AB - An independent assessment of the CUE Monitor (Zetek, Aurora, Colorado) as an ovulation predictor was made with emphasis on its potential role in "natural family planning". The device provides a digital measurement of the electrical resistance of saliva and vaginal secretions. Twenty-nine menstrual cycles from 11 regularly cycling women were monitored with basal temperatures, urinary LH, pelvic ultrasound and the CUE monitor. Patterns of peak salivary electrical resistance were able to predict ovulation on average 5.3 (+/- 1.9 SD) days in advance. Despite variations in total length of the follicular phase from cycle to cycle, the within-subject variation of this predictive interval was quite small. Nadirs in the electrical resistance of vaginal secretions occurred within 2 days of ovulation in all but one patient. Variation in this interval from cycle-to cycle was small as well. We propose an algorithm for the use of these intervals in "natural family planning" that could safely reduce the monthly abstinence period of present methods. The simplicity, objectivity and consistency of this device could result in their greater general acceptance. PMID- 3208514 TI - Why does RU486 fail to prevent implantation despite success in inducing menstruation? AB - The administration of RU38486 (RU486) in the luteal phase may induce menstruation, but it may not be associated with shedding of the functional layer of the endometrium. This provides an explanation why, in some cases of successful menstrual induction by RU486, pregnancy continues undisturbed. The ability of RU486 to interrupt a very early pregnancy is more likely to be related to its ability to cause shedding of the endometrium than its ability to induce menstruation. PMID- 3208517 TI - Paediatric nephrology: a research update. 21st annual meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology. Budapest, September 2-6, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3208516 TI - Alterations in the serum levels of gestodene and SHBG during 12 cycles of treatment with 30 micrograms ethinylestradiol and 75 micrograms gestodene. AB - The serum concentrations of gestodene have been measured radioimmunologically in 11 female volunteers on Day 1, 10, and 21 of the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th cycle of treatment with an oral contraceptive containing 30 micrograms ethinylestradiol and 75 micrograms gestodene during the first 4 hours and 24 hours after intake. During the 1st cycle the maximal gestodene levels increased from 2.1 to 6.2 ng/ml on Day 1 to values between 7.5 and 22.0 ng/ml on Day 21. During the 3rd and 6th treatment cycle the levels were still higher with maxima between 10.1 and 26.3 ng/ml, while during the 12th cycle the gestodene concentrations were slightly lower. The serum levels of SHBG rose significantly during intake of the pill up to values between 210 and 240 nmol/l on Day 21 of each cycle, and were reduced to a certain degree during the pill-free interval. The SHBG concentrations correlated closely with the area under the gestodene concentration-versus-time curves (AUC) indicating a pronounced influence of serum protein binding upon the pharmacokinetics of gestodene. The gestodene levels of the individual women remained relatively constant during the 12 treatment cycles, although great interindividual differences were found. It is concluded that the relatively high serum concentrations of gestodene are not only based on the binding to SHBG, but probably also on an impeded metabolism of gestodene. PMID- 3208518 TI - Tryptophan availability in nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3208519 TI - IgA rheumatoid factor and other autoantibodies in acute Henoch-Schonlein purpura. PMID- 3208520 TI - Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to ciclosporin administration in children with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3208521 TI - Endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactivity in urine of preterm infants with late hyponatremia. PMID- 3208522 TI - Importance of myoglobinaemia for the outcome of hypoxia in neonates. PMID- 3208523 TI - Indomethacin as an inhibitor of preterm labor. Effect on postnatal renal function. PMID- 3208524 TI - Renal effects of theophylline in very low birthweight neonates. PMID- 3208525 TI - Renal tubular handling of lactate in neonates. Index of tubulo-vascular adaptation. PMID- 3208526 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of urological abnormalities. PMID- 3208527 TI - Unilateral multicystic kidney dysplasia: follow-up during the first two years of life. PMID- 3208528 TI - Studies on fetal renal function. Comparison of microproteins in amniotic fluid and fetal urine. PMID- 3208529 TI - Alport's syndrome: localization of the X-chromosomal gene and consequences for future investigations. PMID- 3208530 TI - Multicenter cooperative studies in pediatric nephrology. PMID- 3208531 TI - Steroid-sensitive minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Long-term follow-up. PMID- 3208532 TI - A kallikrein-like molecule and plasma vasoactivity in minimal change disease. Increased turnover in relapse versus remission. PMID- 3208533 TI - Arginine vasopressin in children with moderately impaired renal function. Plasma concentration and its relationship to urinary clearance. PMID- 3208534 TI - Tubular dysfunction in metabolic acidosis. First step to acute renal failure. PMID- 3208535 TI - Free cytosolic calcium in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria. PMID- 3208536 TI - Possible genetic role of red cell membrane electrolyte transport abnormalities in families with essential hypertension. PMID- 3208537 TI - Connective tissue metabolism in children with chronic renal failure. PMID- 3208538 TI - Alteration in carnitine metabolism in uremic children. PMID- 3208539 TI - Albumin charge in adriamycin nephrosis. PMID- 3208540 TI - Intraerythrocytary markers of peroxidative alteration in children with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3208541 TI - Chromosomal aberrations induced by secondary and tertiary amine-containing dyes and in combination with nitrite in vivo in mice. AB - Chromosomal aberrations induced by indigo carmine (secondary amine-containing dye), fast green FCF (tertiary amine-containing dye) and sodium nitrite, singly and in combination, were studied in mice after prolonged feeding in the diet. A significant increase in the chromosomal aberrations was observed for all the dyes and in the nitrite treated series when compared with distilled water controls. However, a combination of half the concentration of dye and nitrite gave additive effects. PMID- 3208542 TI - Phorbol ester binding to oral epithelial cells in the presence of retinoic acid or N-nitrosonornicotine. AB - Although the specific mechanisms by which phorbol ester tumour promoters exert their various effects are not known, their actions are mediated by cell membrane receptors which contain lipids as major components of the receptor complex. Since cell modulators such as retinoic acid (RA) and nitrosonornicotine (NNN) can alter cell lipids, the binding of a phorbol ester to cells was examined at time intervals when lipid changes mediated by these modulators occur. Epithelial cells prepared from hamster cheek pouches were treated with all-trans RA or NNN for varying periods of time, then specific binding of phorbol esters was investigated. Cells treated with RA for intervals up to 24 h showed decreased binding when compared with untreated cells. Those treated with NNN for up to 168 h showed increased specific binding. The results suggest that alterations in the cell lipids may affect the specific binding of phorbol esters to cells. PMID- 3208544 TI - Azlocillin and mezlocillin concentration in human prostatic tissue. AB - The concentrations of azlocillin and mezlocillin in human prostatic tissue obtained by transurethral resection or enucleation were measured after two 2.0 gram doses of either drug. The average plasma concentration of azlocillin and mezlocillin at time of tissue sampling was 64.9 and 36.3 micrograms/ml, respectively, and tissue concentration at the time of sampling was 22.9 micrograms/g for azlocillin and 9.4 micrograms/g for mezlocillin. The plasma/tissue concentration ratio for mezlocillin was 0.25 and for azlocillin 0.35. Concentrations of mezlocillin in tissue obtained by transurethral resection were similar to those obtained by enucleation. Azlocillin and mezlocillin in appropriate doses achieve a concentration in human prostatic tissue above the inhibitory concentration for common bacterial pathogens. PMID- 3208543 TI - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in patients with end-stage renal disease and hemodialysis. AB - We report the pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftriaxone in 11 patients on hemodialysis with end-stage renal disease (ESRD; creatinine clearance less than 5 ml/min/1.73 m2). The patients were studied during the interdialysis period and during 4 h of hemodialysis. The mean age was 53.4 years. After the administration of 1 g of ceftriaxone during a constant intravenous infusion over a 30-min period, t 1/2 was 16.6 h, beta was 0.0418 +/- 0.0106 h-1, VD was 14.5 +/- 3.0 liters/1.73 m2 and Clp was 0.40 +/- 0.05 liters/h for the interdialysis period. Hemodialysis started 24 h after the infusion. The initial plasma ceftriaxone concentration was 68.6 +/- 10.8 micrograms/ml. This value dropped to 40.4 +/- 4.7 micrograms/ml at the end of the 4th hour, indicating a significant 41% decay in blood levels during hemodialysis (p less than 0.001). The t 1/2 decreased to 4.88 h, kel rose to 0.142 +/- 0.0250 h-1 and Clp increased to 1.73 +/- 0.44 liters/h. All values were highly significantly different (p less than 0.001) from those during the interdialysis period. The plasma ceftriaxone concentration of 40.4 +/- 4.7 micrograms/ml at the end of hemodialysis was well within the therapeutic range of the drug. We conclude that ceftriaxone has a moderated increase in t 1/2 in patients with ESRD. Ceftriaxone is significantly dialyzable, however, the plasma concentrations are in the therapeutic range by the end of a 4-hour hemodialysis, 28 h after the administration of the drug. We propose that 1 g given intravenously before each hemodialysis will be sufficient to keep the patient's plasma concentrations within the therapeutic range until the next hemodialysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208545 TI - Effect of medium chain glycerides on enteral and rectal absorption of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - The rat enteral and rabbit rectal models were utilized to study the effect of Capmul (medium chain glycerides) on the absorption of a selection of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. All tested non-orally available beta-lactam antibiotics (cefamandole, cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoxitin, mezlocillin, carumonam, penicillin G and amdinocillin) showed increased absorption enterally in rats and rectally in rabbits when formulated with Capmul. The orally available beta-lactam antibiotics, cephalexin and cephradine, were not enhanced in their enteral or rectal absorption by Capmul in the two model systems. Ampicillin absorption was enhanced rectally and enterally by Capmul. Rectal absorption of the aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin and gentamycin, was enhanced by Capmul while enteral absorption was not. PMID- 3208546 TI - Pharmacokinetics of chlorproguanil in man after a single oral dose of Lapudrine. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters of chlorproguanil (Lapudrine) and its active metabolite, chlorcycloguanil, were determined in 6 healthy male volunteers after a single oral dose of 4 Lapudrine tables (80 mg). The mean maximum plasma chlorproguanil concentration was 36.7 +/- (SD) 7.9 ng/ml and was reached at 3.8 +/- 1.3 h. The chlorproguanil elimination half-life was 17.5 +/- 6.7 h and its plasma clearance was 1.28 +/- 0.12 l/h/kg. The mean whole blood to plasma ratio was 3.1 at 4 h after dosing. Chlorcycloguanil could not be quantified in plasma and whole blood at the detection limit of 10 ng/ml using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. An excretion rate-time plot from urine data shows a rapid (t1/2 = 20 h) and a slow phase (t1/2 = 51 h) in the elimination of chlorcycloguanil. Our findings suggest that the current prophylactic regimen of chlorproguanil hydrochloride (20 mg weekly) may not be optimal in preventing infections with chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. PMID- 3208547 TI - In vitro activities of A-56619 (difloxacin) and A-56620, two aryl fluoroquinolones. AB - The in vitro activities of A56619 (difloxacin) and A-56620, two newer quinolones, have been compared with the activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ceftazidime and netilmicin. A total of 782 clinical, bacterial isolates were employed. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined under standard conditions with all isolates and, for 100 isolates against difloxacin and A 56620, with variation of agar pH and bacterial inoculum size. On a weight-for weight basis, ciprofloxacin and A-56620 were the most active agents against Enterobacteriaceae (MIC90 = 0.03 and 0.12 mg/l, respectively). Difloxacin was the least active quinolone, particularly against Proteus, Morganella and Providencia spp. Except for ceftazidime, all agents were highly active against staphylococci, but difloxacin and ofloxacin were somewhat less active against Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The streptococcal isolates were moderately sensitive to the quinolones, difloxacin being least active. Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were extremely susceptible to all the quinolones; nearly all isolates were inhibited by the lowest concentrations of the agents that were employed in the study (0.03 mg/l). The quinolones all showed moderate activity against Bacteroides fragilis. The activities of difloxacin and A-56620 were affected little by inoculum size. Difloxacin showed lower activity against most isolates at pH 8.0 as compared to the activity at pH 7.4 and 6.8. A-56620 was minimally influenced by pH variation. PMID- 3208548 TI - Conditions affecting the results of susceptibility testing for the quinolone compounds. AB - The quinolone class of compounds was studied for conditions which might affect susceptibility results. These compounds included amifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and RO 23-6240. Ciprofloxacin, a representative quinolone, was found to have rapid bactericidal activity, equivalent to that of gentamicin, in contrast to the slower activity of a cephalosporin, cefotaxime. Test conditions that might affect susceptibility test results included divalent magnesium and calcium cation concentrations and pH. For strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and enterococcus, the effects were not large. A pH of 5.0 in general increased the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the organisms against most carboxyquinolones, up to 8 fold, as compared to that at pH 7.4. In comparison, a similar lowering of pH caused an increased in MIC of 32-fold for gentamicin and no change for cefotaxime. Increasing the concentrations of divalent cations increased the MICs on the average of only 4-fold. Of the quinolones, difloxacin was the least affected by change in concentration of divalent cations and by pH. Such changes are not expected to greatly affect the efficacy of therapy of those members of Enterobacteriaceae which have MICs much less than 0.1 micrograms/ml, but might diminish therapeutic efficacy for those organisms such as Streptococcus aureus with MICs of 1.0 microgram/ml or higher. PMID- 3208549 TI - Antimicrobial sensitivity and plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolated in Bangladesh. AB - The antimicrobial sensitivity of Campylobacter jejuni isolated in Bangladesh from patients with diarrhoea, asymptomatic carriers and domestic animals was performed. All isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, gentamicin, furazolidone and kanamycin. Seven percent isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 8% to nalidixic acid, 37% to ampicillin and 100% to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and cephalothin. Tetracycline resistance was observed to be plasmid mediated. No plasmid band(s) coding for ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim or cephalothin resistance were observed, possibly indicating chromosomally located resistance. No significant differences in the susceptibility patterns of C. jejuni isolated from the different sources was observed. However, 10 patients' isolates showed low molecular weight (2-3, 7 Mdaltons) plasmid band(s) which were completely absent in isolates from asymptomatic carriers and animals. PMID- 3208550 TI - Analytical studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. II. Displacement effect of beta lactam antibiotics on bilirubin bound to human serum albumin. AB - We established a method for determining the KD value as a measure of the bilirubin-displacing effect for drugs by using bilirubin oxidase, which is produced by Myrothecium verrucaria MT-1. This method makes it possible to conduct measurements of many beta-lactam antibiotics, including those which could not be determined by Brodersen's method. The KD values of latamoxef reported by many investigators based on Brodersen's method were higher than the true value owing to interaction of the drug with peroxidase and H2O2. Our KD value under the new enzyme conditions was 2.6 X 10(3). Little or no interaction of drug with the enzyme system was tentatively confirmed. Flomoxef, a newly developed drug, and 7432-S, under development in our company, had KD values of 0.4 X 10(3) and 2.8 X 10(3), respectively. PMID- 3208551 TI - Experimental comparative study on myelotoxicity of 4'-deoxy-4'-I-doxorubicin and of doxorubicin. AB - 4'-Deoxy-4'-I-doxorubicin (I-Dx) is 1.5-2 times more potent than doxorubicin (Dx) on some mice tumors and does not seem to be cardiotoxic. A comparison was made of the effects of both anthracyclines on mice bone marrow hemopoietic progenitors (CFU-S, GM-CFC) and peripheral blood cells. The experimental model is based on dose survival and time survival curves following single or repeated (1 weekly administration for 4 weeks) doses. Results indicate slightly higher sensitivity of assayed populations to I-DX than to Dx. PMID- 3208552 TI - Host homes: one alternative for troubled youths. PMID- 3208553 TI - Outdoor adventures encourage youths to S.T.A.Y. in school. PMID- 3208554 TI - Medical foster care: achieving permanency for seriously ill children. PMID- 3208555 TI - Children in transition. The Salvation Army Playschool and Home Visiting Program. PMID- 3208556 TI - Violence, youth and a way out. PMID- 3208557 TI - The effects of incidental teaching on vocabulary acquisition by young children. AB - The effects on vocabulary acquisition of child-initiated versus adult-initiated instances of adult labeling were studied. 16 monolingual, English-speaking preschool children were exposed to a Spanish-speaking adult. In order to have access to toys placed out of their reach, children had to request the toys in Spanish. For the experimental group, adult labeling occurred when the children expressed interest in the toy. Control group children were yoked temporally to experimental group children for the purpose of adult labeling. Thus, adult labeling for the control group was randomly related to the children's expressions of interest. Although both groups of children learned some Spanish words, children in the experimental group produced significantly more Spanish words during the training sessions and showed superior performance on posttraining tests of Spanish production. Levels of comprehension of the Spanish words were equivalent for both groups. Results are interpreted in the context of the literature on "incidental teaching" and are viewed as demonstrating the critical role in language acquisition of the timing of exposure to language models. PMID- 3208558 TI - The development of speech act comprehension in mentally retarded individuals and nonretarded children. AB - Understanding the speech act(s) a sentence conveys requires that a listener follow conversational rules and use clues provided by the sentence and the context in which it is spoken. To trace the development of speech act comprehension in mentally retarded and nonretarded school age children, we examined their responses to sentences such as Would you open the telephone book? and Could you roll the shoebox? These sentences can be intended as questions or as directives. Nonretarded adults follow the "answer obviousness" rule and interpret a sentence of this type as a question if the answer to the question is nonobvious to the speaker, but as a directive if the question has an obvious answer. We manipulated answer obviousness by varying both the context and linguistic properties of the interrogative. Retarded and nonretarded individuals at the nonverbal MAs of 5, 7, and 9 years were studied. Retarded and nonretarded individuals at all MAs followed the answer obviousness rule and used the contextual and linguistic clues available. There were only minor differences between MA-matched retarded and nonretarded subjects despite the fact that the retarded subjects had serious deficits in receptive linguistic competence. The implications for understanding the development of comprehension in retarded persons and for understanding the relations among language, cognition, and communication in general are considered. PMID- 3208559 TI - The development of forward search planning in preschoolers. AB - Previous evidence suggesting that young children have some ability to plan by means of forward search suffers from typical findings that individual performance is inconsistent and group performance is low. In the present study, evidence is sought that children's imperfect performance results from unstable execution of the correct component processes of forward search, rather than from use of flawed or incomplete rules. 4- and 5-year-olds participated in a route-planning task in which they collected items from several locations in a large space. Incorrect routes required having to backtrack to locations previously visited. Forward search in this task required 3 component processes: representing a possible route, evaluating the route for backtracking, and if necessary, repeating the procedure for an alternate route. Evidence from stochastic parameter estimation and from children's self-corrections and explanations showed that 5-year-olds engaged in forward search, but that 4-year-olds used only a rudimentary form of forward search. Developmental changes involved children's ability to foresee and avoid backtracking, to consider alternate routes, and to spontaneously self correct errors. Results are discussed in terms of implications for our understanding of the structure and development of early problem-solving skills in general. PMID- 3208560 TI - What do two-year-olds know about the sizes of things? AB - Knowledge about the sizes of things is an integral part of object concepts. In 5 experiments, we examined 2-, 3-, 4-year-olds' and adults' internalized representations of the sizes of buttons, plates, and shoes. We found that 3- and 4-year-olds had accurate knowledge of the typical sizes of buttons and plates. 2 year-olds' knowledge of plate and button sizes was more fragile; however, they demonstrated accurate internal representations of the sizes of shoes. The studies provide new empirical evidence about the young child's knowledge of the sizes of 3 everyday objects. The findings also suggest that the size of an object may be more accurately represented if its size is highly relevant for the object's intended function. PMID- 3208561 TI - The facilitation of selective attention in preschoolers. AB - Allocation of attention was examined on a selective attention task in which some items were relevant (i.e., their locations should be remembered) and some were irrelevant. 100 4- and 5-year-olds formed 4 experimental conditions and 1 control group. 3 experimental groups had 1 added feature to aid selectivity (fewer stimuli, increased perceptual salience of the difference between relevant and irrelevant stimuli, or extra reminders of the locations of relevant and irrelevant stimuli). The fourth experimental condition included all features. A story and explicit instructions identified which objects were relevant. During study times, children opened doors (marked with cages or houses) of a box to reveal animals or household objects. Selectivity (opening mainly relevant doors) was high, compared to previous studies using no story with 6-year-olds, even in the control condition. Selectivity increased significantly beyond the level in the control condition only when all facilitative features were combined. Selectivity was not significantly related to recall. This outcome, in conjunction with previous research, suggests a lag between the production of a strategy and its facilitative effect on recall. PMID- 3208562 TI - The development of children's strategies for selective attention: evidence for a transitional period. AB - Previous research suggests a developmental lag between producing a strategy of selective attention and benefiting from it. This aspect of the transitional period during strategy acquisition was investigated in the present study by comparing recall following child-produced (Session 1) and experimenter-produced (Session 2) strategies. The 114 7-9-year-olds were told to remember a subset of 6 items (either animals or household) located beneath 2 rows of doors. Session 1 assessed each child's spontaneous strategy (pattern of opening doors) over 6 trials. Session 2 included 7 different trial types, during which the experimenter opened the doors, thereby equating the strategies for children of all ages. The results revealed gradual changes in children's ability both to produce and to benefit from a selective strategy. Whereas younger children performed differently on trial types during which only the 6 relevant versus all 12 items were shown, older children recalled a similar number of items for all trial types, regardless of the number or pattern of door openings provided. Adult-produced selectivity eliminated recall differences among the grades and suggested that strategy production is effortful for younger children and therefore may prevent their benefiting from the strategy. PMID- 3208563 TI - Sustained visual attention in young infants measured with an adapted version of the visual preference paradigm. AB - Phases of infant visual attention were studied using a visual preference procedure that was modified to be similar to a "dual-task," interrupted stimulus procedure. Infants were tested in a cross-sectional design at 14, 20, or 26 weeks of age. The infants were presented with varying and complex TV patterns on a TV monitor. At a delay from the onset of fixation on this stimulus, a similar pattern was presented on an adjacent TV monitor within the infant's field of vision. This secondary stimulus was presented either when heart rate (HR) decelerated significantly below prestimulus level or when the HR returned to prestimulus level. These 2 conditions correspond to sustained attention and attention termination phases of visual attention. The infants were less easily distracted by the secondary stimulus when HR was lower than prestimulus level than when it had returned to prestimulus levels. The amount of HR slowing on the HR deceleration trials increased over this age range, suggesting a developmental increase in sustained attention across this age range. The HR response at the time the infant looked at the secondary stimulus was different for the 2 delay conditions and differed from the HR response at primary stimulus onset. These results confirm the existence of distinct phases of attention during the visual preference procedure and suggest a refinement of the use of simple fixation time as a measure of infant attention with this procedure. PMID- 3208564 TI - Infants' sensitivity to boundary flow information for depth at an edge. AB - We investigated infants' sensitivity to a recently discovered kinetic depth cue, boundary flow. 5-month-old infants viewed computer-generated displays in which the relation between the motion of a boundary, indicating an edge, and 2 regions of dots on either side of the boundary, indicating surfaces, provided the only information specifying the order of the 2 surfaces in depth. Infants showed a significant reaching preference for the apparently nearer region of the display. Since previous research has demonstrated that infants reach more frequently for the nearer of 2 surfaces, this result indicates that 5-month-old infants are sensitive to boundary flow information for depth at an edge. PMID- 3208565 TI - Newborn response to auditory stimulus discrepancy. AB - Newborns were assessed for their recovery of head turning toward laterally presented auditory stimuli (titi) that varied from a familiar standard on 1 of 5 levels of fundamental frequency. Following habituation to repeated standard trials, newborns recovered to 14% and 21%, but not to 0%, 7%, or 28% discrepancies, indicating that recovery was a quadratic function of the degree of stimulus-schema discrepancy. Moreover, newborns reliably turned away from the standard stimulus during posthabituation no-change control trials, indicating that the neural network associated with that stimulus was not fatigued. Infants in every condition showed recovery of head turning to a novel posttest stimulus (papa). These data are interpreted with a dual processing model postulated to include both reflexive (context-independent) orientation and stimulus-schema comparison process (context-dependent) orientation. PMID- 3208566 TI - Newborn auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABRs): longitudinal correlates in the first year. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABRs) measured in newborns may predict delayed or impaired development during the first year of life. 93 high- and low-risk infants with normal and abnormal newborn ABRs were evaluated at 3, 6, and 9 months of age. Newborns with abnormal ABRs were further grouped according to diagnoses of sensorineural hearing loss (N = 11) or neuromaturational delay (N = 16). Data collected included measures of mental, motor, neurological, auditory, and speech/language development. After adjusting for risk-group membership, infants with abnormal newborn ABRs were found to differ from those with normal ABRs on summary handicap ratings and on individual measures of functioning. Measures of motor development and communicative development were most strongly associated with abnormalities in the newborn ABR. Developmental outcome for the sensorineural group was the poorest, with the performance of the maturational delay group falling between the sensorineural and normal groups on most measures. The predictive accuracy of the newborn ABR was moderate for detecting sensorineural hearing impairment and low to moderate for detecting deviant neurobehavioral development. We conclude that abnormalities in the newborn ABR may indicate diffuse CNS dysfunction in addition to deficits specific to the auditory system. PMID- 3208567 TI - Differential facial responses to four basic tastes in newborns. AB - The distinctiveness and recognizability of taste-elicited facial expressions in newborns were examined in 2 studies. Sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid, and quinine hydrochloride solutions were presented to 12 infants at 2 hours of age. In Study 1, the anatomically based Facial Action Coding System adapted for infants (Baby FACS) was used to obtain detailed, objective descriptions of the infants' videotaped facial responses to each solution. Facial responses to sucrose were characterized primarily by facial relaxation and sucking. The responses to salty, sour, and bitter solutions shared the same hedonically negative upper- and midface components but differed in the accompanying lower face actions: lip pursing in response to sour and mouth gaping in response to bitter. There was no distinctive facial expression for sodium chloride. These findings demonstrate that newborns differentiate sour and bitter from each other and from salt, as well as discriminating sweet versus nonsweet tastes. In Study 2, untrained adults viewing videotapes of the infants' facial reactions made forced-choice judgments identifying the stimuli presented and rated the hedonic tone of the infants' responses. While the judges accurately identified the newborns' responses to sucrose, there were systematic errors in their judgments of the 3 nonsweet stimuli. The judges' hedonic ratings, on the other hand, clearly differentiated between the infants' responses to the bitter stimulus and the other 3 tastes. The findings are discussed in terms of the possible functional origins and communicative value of taste-elicited facial expressions in infants. PMID- 3208568 TI - Infants of depressed mothers show "depressed" behavior even with nondepressed adults. AB - To determine whether the "depressed" behavior (e.g., less positive affect and lower activity level) of infants noted during interactions with their "depressed" mothers generalizes to their interactions with nondepressed adults, 74 3-6-month old infants of "depressed" and nondepressed mothers were videotaped in face-to face interactions with their mothers and with nondepressed female strangers. "Depressed" mothers and their infants received lower ratings on all behaviors than nondepressed mothers and infants. Although the infants of "depressed" versus nondepressed mothers also received lower ratings with the stranger adult, very few differences were noted between those infants' ratings when interacting with their mother versus the stranger, suggesting that their "depressed" style of interacting is not specific to their interactions with depressed mothers but generalizes to their interactions with nondepressed adults as early as 3 months of age. PMID- 3208569 TI - Childhood derivatives of inhibition and lack of inhibition to the unfamiliar. AB - Behavioral and physiological assessments of 41 7 1/2-year-old children who had been selected to be inhibited or uninhibited at 21 months and observed again at 4 and 5 1/2 years revealed that each of the 2 original behavioral profiles predicted theoretically reasonable derivatives. A majority of the formerly shy, timid children became quiet and socially avoidant in unfamiliar social situations, while a majority of the formerly sociable children became talkative and interactive with peers and adults. Absolute heart-rate and cortisol level at 7 1/2 years were not as discriminating of the 2 behavioral groups as they had been 2 years earlier. PMID- 3208571 TI - Children's understanding of the implications of causal attributions for emotional experiences. AB - Children's perceptions of how the cause of achievement outcomes affects individuals' emotional responses were studied. In Study 1, children aged 6 and 7, 9 and 10, and 12 and 13 listened to stories describing hypothetical children's achievement outcomes. Success and failure were explicitly attributed to luck, ability, effort, or another person's intervention. After each story subjects rated the story child's emotional reactions. Only seventh graders associated pride and shame exclusively with outcomes attributed to ability and effort. Guilt was strongly associated with effort attributions, and surprise was associated with luck attributions for fourth- and seventh-grade children but not for first grade children. The attribution-affect linkages assumed by the older children are the same as those found in previous studies of adults. In Study 2, children aged 6 and 7, 9 and 10, and 12 and 13 rated the cause of the outcomes in the same stories according to Weiner's controllability and locus dimensions. Children's placement of specific attributions on these dimensions was used to explain age differences in their beliefs about the effect of the attributions on emotional responses. PMID- 3208570 TI - Conflict and the friendship relations of young children. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to compare conflicts occurring between young children and their friends to those occurring between nonfriends. 53 children with a median age of 4 years, 3 months were observed and interviewed to determine who were mutual friends, unilateral associates, or neutral associates. 146 conflicts were also observed. Conflicts between mutual friends, as compared to those occurring between neutral associates: (a) did not occur less frequently, differ in length, or differ in the situations that instigated them, but (b) were less intense, were resolved more frequently with disengagement, and more frequently resulted in equal or partially equal outcomes. Continued socialization was also more likely following conflicts between friends. Conflicts between unilateral associates resembled those between nonfriends, although postconflict interaction resembled that between mutual friends. Conflict resolution strategies favored by friends maximize the likelihood that their interaction and their relationships will continue. PMID- 3208572 TI - Children's conceptions of the situational affective consequences of sociomoral events. AB - Children's conceptions of the linkages between sociomoral events and emotional consequences were examined in a 2-part study. In Part 1, kindergartners, third graders, and sixth graders assessed the probable emotional consequences of 6 types of sociomoral events (inhibitive morality, active morality, conventional, personal, distributive justice, and prosocial morality) on several event participants (initiator and recipient of the action, adult and child observers, and subject as observer). Results indicated that children's conceptions were highly differentiated, reflecting a general sensitivity to differences in both types of sociomoral events and the roles of individuals in these events. An additional sociomoral event X event interaction indicated, however, that conceptions within some sociomoral events also depended on the particular roles of the event participants. In Part 2 of the study, the social event-emotion linkage was reversed. Children were presented with depictions of the affective reactions of sociomoral participants and selected which of 2 sociomoral events was more likely to have produced those reactions. Overall, children were able to match affective information representative of each sociomoral category to the appropriate eliciting sociomoral event. PMID- 3208573 TI - Isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of Hansenula. AB - For investigation of the feasibility of obtaining yeast strains with high protein and low nucleic acid content or high nucleic acid and low protein content for industrial production of single cell protein or nucleotide, the methanol utilizing Hansenula polymorpha NTU-AM-P5 was chosen for isolation of temperature sensitive mutants. Approximately 70 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were obtained. All of the ts mutants increased in cell size and aggregated when they were cultivated at permissive temperature and shifted to restrictive temperature in the late log phase or in the stationary phase. 86.1% of ts mutants had a lower growth rate than that of their wild-type. Only ts mutants, NTU-AM-L2, NTU-AM-E10, NTU-AM-E19, NTU-AM-E25 and NTU-AM-E30 had same or slightly higher than that of their wild-type strain. Cycloheximide at 1 mg/ml inhibited the growth of ts mutant NTU-AM-E19, but inhibited one-third of the other ts mutants, and their wild-type strain. Rifampicin at 0.1 mg/ml had an inhibitory activity on wild-type strain but not on ts mutant NTU-AM-E1. ts mutants NTU-AM-L2 and NTU-AM-E19 converted methanol to cell mass more efficiently than others. The ts mutants divided into two groups. One included absolute ts mutants, such as NTU-AM-E15 and NTU-AM-E20, which did not grow even in enriched media at restrictive temperature; the other group, such as NTU-AM-L2, NTU-AM-L3, NTU-AM-E10, NTU-AM-E19, NTU-AM-N37 and NTU-AM-m5, was auxotrophic ts mutants, which grew slightly in enriched media at restrictive temperature. PMID- 3208574 TI - Broad host range cosmid pLAFR1 and non-mucoid mutant XCP20 provide a suitable vector-host system for cloning genes in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. AB - For many gram-negative bacteria, whose transformation systems have yet developed, following a two stage manipulation for gene cloning is a common choice. Following this strategy, DNAs are cloned in Escherichia coli, using a mobilizable vector, and the recombinant plasmids conjugally transferred into the original host. In this study, transfer of the broad-host range plasmid pLAFR1 (a 21.6 kb cosmid, TcR, derived from RK2 replicon) from E. coli to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, by the help of plasmid pRK2013, was carried out to optimize the working conditions for gene cloning experiments in this phytopathogenic bacterium. Among several mating procedures tested, the highest frequencies of transfer were found by dropping the mixtures of the donor, helper and recipient cells (at ratios 1:1:10) to a nitrocellulose filter on an agar plate, with all the cells used from the cultures between OD550 0.3 to 0.5. When the non-mucoid mutant P20 was used as the recipient instead of its parental mucoid strain XC11A, 14-fold more transconjugants were obtained. In addition, the plasmid was found to be quite stable in the X. campestris cells. Further experiments showed that pLTA1, which is pLAFR1 with a cloned DNA fragment (4.4 kb) encoding alpha-amylase activity from XC11A, was not only maintained stably but also found to contribute a 8.3-fold over-production of enzyme activity to the transconjugant cells. From these studies, it has been demonstrated that cosmid pLAFR1 and the non-mucoid mutant P20 together provide a suitable vector/host system for cloning genes in X. campestris. PMID- 3208575 TI - Current seroepidemiology of HIV antibody in Taiwan. AB - A total of 26,210 serum samples from 16 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk groups were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody, using mainly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. Among 751 homosexuals, 15 were positive (2.0%): 3 were full-blown AIDS patients; 2, AIDS related complex (ARC); 1, "possible" AIDS; 1, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL); 5 were asymptomatic carriers and 3 refused to be interviewed. Among 171 hemophiliacs, 29 were positive (17.0%), of whom 1 and only one developed full-blown AIDS. One asymptomatic homosexual HIV carrier had donated four bags of blood which resulted in a seropositive uremic patient who currently has no AIDS-related symptoms. In general, antibody titers were higher in asymptomatic HIV-carriers, PGL and ARC than titers in those of patients with full-blown AIDS. Among the low-risk groups, two seropositives were encountered: one was a patient with chronic oral candidiasis, the other was a transvestite. Neither of these two patients had any high-risk factor. They yielded strong ELISA and only one p24 band on Western blot. The possibility of obtaining false positive tests when using Western blot should be strongly considered. The conclusion is that AIDS has invaded Taiwan, but the prevalence of the HIV infection is presently low. Presently and importantly, active community efforts are needed to minimize HIV transmission. PMID- 3208576 TI - [The binding characteristics of antibody with antigen in enzyme immunosensor]. AB - The enzyme immunosensor developed by Aizawa et al for assaying antigens is regarded as a rapid and accurate method for immunoassay. The key point involved in this technique is the binding force of an antigen with a membrane-bound antibody. In this report, a simplified method was adopted to determine the amount of membrane-bound antibody and the binding constant between antigen and membrane bound antibody. The plot of C* vs C*/A0* facilitates the determination of binding constant K' and the amount of membrane-bound antibody, B0. From the equations expressing competitive binding reactions of labeled and nonlabeled antigen antibody reactions, the value of K was determined from the value of K' and relative concentrations of antigen and antigen-antibody complex. The determination of K' and K was exemplified by obtaining the data of anti-IgG and anti-hCG antibodies (immobilized on triacetyl cellulose membrane) with their antigens. PMID- 3208577 TI - [Natural killer cell activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma before and after radiotherapy]. AB - From 1984 through 1986, a total of 20 patients with biopsy confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were randomly selected for studies on natural killer cell (NK) activity before and at the end of radiotherapy. Lymphocyte separation was done by centrifuge of heparinized peripheral blood with Ficoll Hypaque and monocytes were removed by Petri dish adhesion. K562 cells were used as target cells of NK activity. The lymphocyte-target reaction of 4 hours was done and the ratio was 50:1, 25:1, and 12.5:1. The results of 50:1 was taken as the NK activity. The mean value of NK activity in NPC patients after radiotherapy was 43.0 +/- 21.1%, this is not significantly different from 41.2 +/- 23.6% before radiotherapy. On the other hand, before radiotherapy, the patients with too high NK activity (greater than 40%) or too low NK activity (less than 20%) had a mild tendency toward median value (20%-40%) after radiotherapy. PMID- 3208578 TI - [The roentgenologic manifestations of dialysis bone disease (report of 53 cases)]. PMID- 3208579 TI - [Long radiologic follow-up study of 16 cases of pine-moth osteoarthropathy]. PMID- 3208580 TI - [An X-ray analysis of 22 cases of malignant giant cell tumor of bone (with emphasis on reliable signs of early malignant changes]. PMID- 3208581 TI - [Experience of selective bronchography using propyliodone]. PMID- 3208582 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (a report of five cases)]. PMID- 3208583 TI - [CT diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (report of five cases)]. PMID- 3208584 TI - [CT investigation of spinal injury]. PMID- 3208585 TI - [Roentgenological and anatomical observations of cystic changes in the femur neck]. PMID- 3208586 TI - [Sprengel's deformity (report of nine cases)]. PMID- 3208587 TI - [Investigation on the blood supply of bronchogenic carcinoma. A comparative study of perfusion in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma rat model and selective bronchial arteriography in patients with lung cancer]. PMID- 3208588 TI - [Roentgenographic investigation of experimental pulmonary edema induced by vasopressor drug and large amount of infusion]. PMID- 3208589 TI - [A clinical report of 74 mandibles reconstructed with osteomyocutaneous flaps]. PMID- 3208590 TI - [An experimental study of cross-facial nerve graft]. PMID- 3208591 TI - [Relation of the quantity of lipopolysaccharide in periodontal plaque and in calculus to the degree of periodontal inflammation]. PMID- 3208592 TI - [Masticatory efficiency of the Chinese adolescent]. PMID- 3208593 TI - [Healing of bone and the shape of the periosteal vessels after mandible fracture in the rabbit]. PMID- 3208594 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the temporomandibular joint disk]. PMID- 3208595 TI - [Light-cured resin and its clinical application]. PMID- 3208596 TI - [SEM and EDAX studies of the bioactive ceramic implant-bone interface]. PMID- 3208598 TI - [SIgA extracted from colostrum in the clinical treatment of herpetic stomatitis in children]. PMID- 3208597 TI - [Smearing examination of subgingival plaque in healthy subjects and in periodontal diseases in humans]. PMID- 3208599 TI - [Immediate repair of a facial nerve resected in ablation of parotid tumor]. PMID- 3208600 TI - [Experience in the treatment of port-wine stains using an argon laser]. PMID- 3208601 TI - [Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3208602 TI - [Clinical evaluation of 50 cases of metal resin-bonded fixed partial dentures]. PMID- 3208603 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of oral metronidazole in the healthy adult's saliva secretion]. PMID- 3208604 TI - [Left ventricular systolic function in patients with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3208605 TI - [Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (a report of 83 cases)]. PMID- 3208606 TI - [Seven cases of parkinsonism or Parkinson's disease of various etiology]. PMID- 3208607 TI - [Histochemical study of distal myopathy]. PMID- 3208608 TI - [Ultrastructural study of thyrotoxic myopathy]. PMID- 3208609 TI - [A preliminary study of multiple brain evoked potentials in an idiot savant]. PMID- 3208610 TI - [Relation of structural changes in CT scanning and the clinical data among schizophrenics]. PMID- 3208611 TI - [CT scan of the brain in the first attack of schizophrenia]. PMID- 3208612 TI - [A hysteria provocative test with EEG recording: an objective method in differentiating hysteric and non-hysteric seizures]. PMID- 3208613 TI - [A comparative study of schizophrenics with negative symptoms and computer tomography examination of the brain]. PMID- 3208614 TI - [Methodology, normal values and clinical application regarding measurement of the near-nerve orthodromic sensory conduction velocity]. PMID- 3208615 TI - [Clinical and pathologic analysis of progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 3208616 TI - [Changes in blood pressure in Guillain-Barre syndrome]. PMID- 3208618 TI - Flow cytofluorometric analysis of the uptake of the fluorescent fatty acid pyrene dodecanoic acid by human peripheral blood cells. AB - The fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) was used for measuring the uptake of the fluorescent fatty acid derivative 12-(1-pyrene) dodecanoic acid (P12) by human peripheral blood cells. The results indicate that blood cells differ widely in their ability to take up P12, with polymorphonuclear cells showing the greatest uptake, followed by lymphocytes, platelets, and RBCs. These differences in P12 uptake provide a potential additional parameter for differential cell counting. Using the ability of the FACS to "gate out" nonrelevant cells, it was possible to measure the rate of P12 uptake by each respective cell type even when admixed with other cells. Thus elaborate physical separation procedures could be avoided, and contaminating cells did not influence the results. Differences in P12 uptake were also utilized to separate blood cells into pure subpopulations of specific cell types. PMID- 3208617 TI - Flow cytometric detection of ribosomal RNA in suspended cells by fluorescent in situ hybridization. AB - A method using flow cytometry and fluorescent in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect RNA in cells is described. L1210 murine leukemia cells were fixed with 1% formaldehyde in HEPES buffered Hank's balanced salt solution (HH) followed by 70% ethanol. Endogenous RNAses were blocked by diethylpyrocarbonate treatment. Single stranded sense and antisense RNA probes, labeled with biotin-11-UTP, were transcribed from a 2.1 kb 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene fragment subcloned into the pGEM2 plasmid. For good results, it was essential that the probes were degraded to 100-150 nucleotides before use. Hybridization was performed at 45 degrees C in 50% formamide, 5 x SSC, 0.5% SDS. Hybrids were detected with streptavidin-FITC by flow cytometry. Antisense rRNA probe signal was 100 times higher than the background. The hybrids were largely resistant to RNAse and melted at high temperature. The sense probe also gave a signal (5 times background), which was not RNAse resistant and was attributed to the presence of internal inverted repeats in the ribosomal RNA. When sufficient background reduction can be achieved, it is expected that as few as ten mRNA molecules per cell can be detected with the fluorescent in situ hybridization method. PMID- 3208619 TI - A flow cytometric assay for intracellular nonprotein thiols using mercury orange. AB - The level of nonprotein thiols was assayed in individual mammalian cells using flow cytometry. Previous determinations of glutathione (GSH, the most abundant nonprotein thiol in most cells) by flow cytometry were based on UV laser excitation of fluorochromes. Because of several shortcomings of UV excitation, an assay for GSH using visible light is of interest. Selective staining of nonprotein thiols with mercury orange (a mercurial compound that binds stoichiometrically to sulfhydryl groups) was obtained by restricting the staining time. By using various drugs that affect GSH levels and overall thiol levels in cells, it was shown that GSH is the primary thiol group being stained. Thus a quick, specific technique using mercury orange has been developed for the flow cytometric determination of nonprotein thiols and preferentially for GSH in individual mammalian cells. PMID- 3208620 TI - Correction of cellular autofluorescence in flow cytometry by mathematical modeling of cellular fluorescence. AB - A method for the correction of background fluorescence in flow cytometry with special relevance to the quantitation of low levels of cellular surface membrane antigens is presented. The method is based on the mathematical modeling of cellular fluorescence distributions of background fluorescence (autofluorescence control or irrelevant antibody control) and total fluorescence (positively stained cells). Algorithms based on two models and utilizing only the routinely available background and total fluorescence histograms are developed and implemented in computer programs. These allow estimation of the fluorescence histogram corresponding exclusively to immunofluorescence staining of the cell surface antigen of interest. Thus, the correction of background fluorescence is effected solely with software processing of routinely available data; no additional hardware or parameter determinations are necessary. Two models were chosen to be physically plausible and to represent extremes in correlation between background and probe fluorescence. Extremes were chosen to assess the solution dependence on model and to provide bounds to the actual solution when no information on correlation is available. Results are presented for both computer simulations and for an actual assay of the CR1 complement receptor on human erythrocytes to test and illustrate the technique. Alternatively, data can be tested assuming a particular model to explore the relationship, if any, between specific and nonspecific fluorescence. PMID- 3208621 TI - Five-dimensional flow cytometry as a new approach for blood and bone marrow differentials. AB - We have used five independent variables on a flow cytometer to discriminate and to quantify the cellular components within both blood and bone marrow aspirates. The signals were stored in list mode by which a five-dimensional space was created. The cells--differentiated into: 1) erythrocytes, 2) reticulocytes, 3) nucleated erythroid cells, 4) platelets, 5) lymphocytes, 6) monocytes, 7) neutrophils, 8) eosinophils, and 9) immature leukocytes--had to meet unique criteria with regard to their characteristics in the created five-dimensional space in order to be classified in a specific cell category. Forward and orthogonal light-scattering signals were matched with three fluorescence variables to obtain discrimination without necessitating erythrocyte lysis. Thiazole orange (binding predominantly to RNA) and LDS-751 (principally detecting DNA) were used to differentiate erythrocytes, platelets, reticulocytes, and nucleated cells. A monoclonal antibody, CD45, conjugated with phycoerythrin, was used to aid in discriminating between lineages of nucleated cells. PMID- 3208622 TI - Imaging system for morphometric assessment of absorption or fluorescence in stained cells. AB - An image acquisition and processing system has been developed for quantitative microscopy of absorption or fluorescence in stained cells. Three different light transducers are used in the system to exploit the best characteristics of these sensors for different biological measurements. A digital scanner, in the form of a linear array charge-coupled device (CCD), acquires data with high spatial and photometric resolution. A color (RGB) camera is employed when spectral information is required for the segmentation of cellular subcomponents. An image intensified charged-injection device (CID) camera provides for very low light intensity measurements, primarily for fluorescence-labeled cells. Properties of these transducers, such as contrast transfer function, linearity, and photo response nonuniformity, have been measured. Two dedicated image processing units were incorporated into the system. The front-end processor, based on a digital signal processor, provides functions such as object detection, raw image calibration, compression, artifact removal, and filtering. The second image processor is associated with the frame memory and includes a histogram processor, a dedicated arithmetic logic unit for image processing functions, and a graphics module for one-bit overlay functions. An interactive program was developed to acquire cell images and to experiment with a range of segmentation algorithms, feature extractions, and other image processing functions. The results of any image operation are displayed on the video monitor. Once a desired processing sequence is determined, the sequence may be stored to become part of a command library and can be executed thereafter as a single instruction. PMID- 3208623 TI - Relationship between changes of the steroid receptor and synchronization in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. AB - It has been reported that the response of target cells to steroid hormone (SH) stimulation may depend on their position in the cell cycle. The DNA and RNA contents of malignant cells of the endometrium cultured in vitro were measured using flow cytometry (FCM). We also measured estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels of cells at different positions in the cell cycle. The G1 and S phases of the cell cycle were investigated using cells synchronized by sodium n-butyrate (G1 block), methotrexate (S block), and excess thymidine (S block). For DNA measurements, the cells were stained with propidium iodide following RNase treatment. For RNA measurements (double-stranded RNA) the cells were treated with DNase. We found that S phase synchronization by methotrexate was 136.2% of control (100%). Using the excess thymidine block and release procedure, the S phase fraction was 185.1% of control. G1 phase synchronization by sodium n-butyrate was 134% of control. The estrogen receptor level in G1 phase synchronized cells increased to 5.94 fmol/micrograms DNA in the cytosol and 12.35 fmol/micrograms DNA in the nuclear fraction. These levels represent a sevenfold total increase over that of the control estrogen receptor level. Cells in S phase showed no significant increase in estrogen receptor levels over control cells. Based on this study, the functional increase of the steroid receptor was most significant in the G1 phase. PMID- 3208624 TI - Technical and statistical improvements for flow cytometric DNA analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue. AB - Flow cytometric DNA analysis of paraffin-embedded solid tumors has permitted review of large series of archival tissue in attempts to relate abnormal DNA content to prognosis. Limitations of the technique include: 1) a laborious, time consuming procedure; 2) variation in technique between laboratories; and 3) lack of an objective method of computing DNA indices. Critical evaluation of our technique has shortened the time involved in dewaxing and rehydration, selectively utilized patient's own normal tissue as the internal standard, proved reproducibility of stored specimens, standardized DNA index computation, and developed a statistical analysis to confirm aneuploidy. These technical improvements and the development of a statistical analysis provide a way to shorten the procedure time and standardize the data generated from flow cytometric DNA analysis so as to improve the quality of retrospective reviews of paraffin-embedded tumors and accelerate the definition of flow cytometry's role as a prognostic indicator. PMID- 3208625 TI - Comparison of automated and manual techniques for analysis of DNA frequency distributions in bladder washings. AB - Quantitative methods for interpretation of flow cytometry DNA histograms are required for the widespread clinical use of this technology. The usefulness of a histogram analysis technique in this setting requires that it be operator independent, easy to implement in a clinical laboratory, and provide high sensitivity to the desired information. Additionally, the technique must be tolerant of the relatively low signal-to-noise ratios often found in DNA distributions obtained from clinical samples. Among the factors that have been used to assess the malignant potential of tumors are the presence of an aneuploid population, the proportion of hyperdiploid cells, the width of the G1 peak, the DNA index, and the fraction of cells in S. A computer-based method has been developed for extraction of the above-mentioned features from DNA histograms. The program detects peaks in the histogram and uses straight-line fits to the cumulative frequency distribution to define cell population bounds. A test set of 44 histograms compiled from bladder irrigation specimens obtained from patients with a present or past history of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was analyzed by five collaborating laboratories forming a Network sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). This test set was used to evaluate the performance of the computer-based method by comparing results with those of four expert observers. In this preliminary analysis, perfect agreement was found in the detection of aneuploid cell populations by all observers and the computer-based method. Correlation of percent hyperdiploid cell fraction was also excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208626 TI - Comparison of S-phase fractions measured by flow cytometry and autoradiography in human transplant tumors. AB - The 3H-thymidine labeling index (TLI) and the percentage of cells in the S-phase have been determined by autoradiography and by flow cytometry, (FCM), respectively, in six malignant tumors of human origin transplanted on athymic nude mice. The Dean and Jett model and the graphical model were used to determine the percent of S-phase cells by FCM. Cell cycle analysis was performed using 1) no correction for background; 2) an algebraic function for background correction; and 3) an exponential function for background subtraction. Each of these three data sets was evaluated using both the Dean and Jett model and a graphical model for the evaluation of DNA histograms. The S-phase fractions (SPF) were compared to the corresponding labeling index results. SPF without background correction were 1.54 times higher than the TLI. SPF, after correction using the algebraic model, were 1.29-fold higher than the TLI, whereas SPF obtained after background subtraction according to the exponential model were only 1.05-fold higher than the TLI. Student's t-test revealed significant differences between the mean TLI values (16.25 +/- 9.06) and the mean SPF obtained by FCM without background correction (mean 25.0 +/- 9.36, P less than 0.01), but not between the mean TLI values and the mean SPF percentages after algebraic (mean 21.0 +/- 10.29) and exponential background correction (mean 17.11 +/- 11.59), P greater than 0.05 each. There was no difference between the results obtained using the Dean and Jett model and those obtained using the graphic evaluation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208627 TI - Relevance of DNA ploidy as a measure of genetic deviation: a comparison of flow cytometry and cytogenetics in 25 cases of human breast cancer. AB - Twenty-five human breast cancers, surgically resected, were studied by cytogenetic analysis and DNA flow cytometry (FCM). The establishment of karyotypes showed that multiple cell populations probably were derived from a single ancestor clone, because common marker chromosomes always could be demonstrated. Differences of up to 30% were observed when the estimates of DNA content by the two methods were compared. A general tendency toward the acquisition of large marker chromosomes should be at the origin of this discordance, as the proportion of markers for each case correlated significantly with the magnitude of the difference. Parallel use of the two methods revealed the existence of tumors with DNA diploid FCM profiles and highly abnormal hypodiploid karyotypes (35-40 chromosomes), which may explain the limited value of DNA ploidy as an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. PMID- 3208628 TI - Osmotic response of lymphocytes measured by means of forward light scattering: theoretical considerations. AB - Recent data provide solid experimental evidence that increase in cell size of human lymphocytes, caused by osmotic stress, is not directly proportional to forward scattering intensity but rather is inversely proportional. Here, we provide arguments that this phenomenon can be quantitatively explained by means of a model based on a modified Rayleigh-Debye-Gans theory. As a consequence, the current view that forward scattering intensities can be used as a measure of gross cell size needs to be reconsidered. In addition, we postulate that structural changes of the cytoplasm, imposed by an osmotic stress, reflect corresponding changes in the nucleus. PMID- 3208629 TI - Modulation of the phenotypic expression of a human serine tRNA gene by 5' flanking sequences. AB - Mammalian nonsense suppressors provide a model system to investigate structural and functional aspects of mammalian tRNAs and their genes in vivo. To assess the role that extragenic flanking sequences may have on the expression of mammalian tRNA genes in vivo, deletion/substitutions ending in the 5'-flanking sequence or 3'-flanking sequence of a cloned human serine amber suppressor tRNA gene were constructed. The phenotypic expression of these mutant genes was examined by transfection in mammalian cells and by measuring the efficiency with which they were able to suppress an amber (UAG) nonsense mutation in the Escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene. Deletion of the 5'-flanking region up to nucleotide position -66 with respect to the first nucleotide of the coding region had no effect on levels of nonsense suppression as compared to the wild type gene; however, deletion to -18 led to a 12-fold reduction in suppressor activity. Deletion up to -1 did not further reduce suppression efficiency. Deletion of the 3'-flanking region up to 9 nucleotides downstream from the consecutive T residue termination site resulted in only a slight reduction in functional tRNA expression. In in vivo competition studies, the -18 deletion clone was less able to compete out the activity of a second suppressor tRNA gene than was the wild-type corresponding gene, suggesting that the upstream region plays a role in the formation of active transcription complexes in vivo. These results imply that the human serine tRNA gene contains an upstream regulatory region located between positions -66 and -18 that plays a positive role in modulating expression of this gene in vivo. PMID- 3208630 TI - Expression of the 31-kD stress protein in rat myoblasts and hepatocytes. AB - Rat tissue cultures cells respond to stress by inducing the synthesis of about 20 proteins, including two low-molecular-weight species of about 31 kD and 27 kD. We have cloned a cDNA for the 31-kD protein. This protein is induced in myoblasts and hepatoma cells in response to a 43 degrees C heat shock, or exposure to sodium arsenite or cadmium chloride salts. Furthermore, this protein is superinduced in hepatoma cells conditioned to grow in cadmium and zinc salts when they are exposed to a standard sodium arsenite stress. Induction of the gene encoding the 31-kD protein has been characterized as follows: (i) Transcripts accumulate maximally with similar kinetics when myoblasts are induced with either heat shock or sodium arsenite; (ii) accumulation of transcripts decays to preinduction levels within 4 hr of a heat shock, but requires more than 8 days after sodium arsenite stress; (iii) basal levels of transcript are reduced when myoblasts are cultured in the presence of steroid hormones; and (iv) stress induction is virtually abolished once myoblasts have differentiated. PMID- 3208631 TI - Sensitive radiometric assay for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase using automated HPLC. AB - Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) is widely used as a reporter element in studies of eukaryotic gene expression. We report a new technique for measurement of CAT activity that incorporates several advantages over the existing procedures from which it is derived. The combination of direct reverse-phase HPLC analysis, substitution of butyryl for acetyl coenzyme A substrate, automated sample loading and continuous on-line radioactivity detection significantly improves the assay. This technique eliminates the need for organic extraction; improves chromatographic resolution of radioactive substrate and products; provides low background with high sensitivity, linearity, and precision; and yields rapid, quantitative results, even at low levels of cellular CAT expression. PMID- 3208632 TI - Auditing a quality assurance audit plan. PMID- 3208633 TI - Help for visually impaired. PMID- 3208635 TI - Educating police officers. PMID- 3208634 TI - CDEs in 1988: a two-year progress report. PMID- 3208636 TI - Establishing unit-based glucose monitoring. PMID- 3208637 TI - Strategies for the registered dietitian teaching nutrition to children with diabetes. PMID- 3208638 TI - Chronic poor metabolic control in the pediatric population: a stepwise intervention program. PMID- 3208639 TI - Diabetic cranial mononeuropathies: a patient's perspective. PMID- 3208640 TI - The diabetes care and education provided by nurses working in physicians' offices. PMID- 3208641 TI - Counseling patients who have diabetes and psychological problems (continuing education credit). PMID- 3208643 TI - Understanding the management process and financial and managerial accounting. Part II. Financial accounting. PMID- 3208642 TI - Guidelines for collaboration on research/publication projects. PMID- 3208644 TI - Computerized behavioral assessment of dietary compliance in IDDM patients. PMID- 3208645 TI - [Mortality rate of malignant tumors in Yangzhong County]. AB - Complete and reliable data of mortality rate of malignant tumors from 1973 to 1982 in Yangzhong County, Jiangsu Province, China are reported. The annual mortality rate was 271.38/100,000 which is the highest of all counties in China. Among the malignant tumors, the mortality rates of esophageal, stomach, liver and intestinal cancers are 100.77/100,000, 90.25/100,000, 31.25/100,000 and 11.95/100,000, respectively. Moreover, the mortality rates of lung, cervical cancers and leukemia are also rather high. The mortality rate of esophageal cancer in the female is higher than that in the male. There have been no obvious changes in the mortality rates of some chief malignant tumors in the past ten years. For the high mortality rates of various malignancies in Yangzhong county, epidemiological factors should be further investigated. PMID- 3208647 TI - [Immunocytochemical and morphologic features of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the nasopharynx]. AB - Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the nasopharynx is not rare. It comprises 5% of all nasopharyngeal carcinomas. In this paper, specimens of 41 cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the nasopharynx were studied. The microscopic findings have the tendency to form glandular or duct-like structures, or a specific "cerebriform" appearance, AB-PAS stain was positive. In addition to the common features of adenocarcinoma (cancer cells vary in size, with large, round central nuclei, enlarged conspicuous nucleoli), a specific feature that the nuclei of cancer cells were 1-2 times larger than those of normal cells was seen in smear. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the cytoplasm of the cancer cells contained numerous mitochondria, RER, developed Golgi apparatus and some secretory granules. Immunocytochemical studies proved that it was moderately positive for immunostain of low molecular weight keratin protein (K10,11), but was negative for keratin (K) it is different from poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and vesicular nuclear cell carcinoma, of which were strongly positive or partially positive for keratin. The main points of differential diagnosis for these carcinomas are elucidated. PMID- 3208646 TI - [Flow cytometry in analysis of precancerous lesions of the esophagus]. AB - DNA content of the severe dysplasia cells in the esophageal epithelium was quantitatively analysed using flow cytometry and compared with those of the normal, mild dysplasia and cancer cells. The results showed that DNA index of the severe dysplasia cells was 1.27 +/- 0.11 and there was a significant difference between its value and those of the normal (1.0 +/- 0.02), mild dysplasia (1.01 +/ 0.03) and cancer cells (1.73 +/- 0.35). The DNA content of severe dysplasia cells lies between the normal and cancer cells. The hyperplasia degree of the severe dysplasia cells parallels their DNA contents. This study indicates that flow cytometry is a useful supplementary tool for diagnosis of the tumor. PMID- 3208648 TI - [Multifactorial analysis of survival in breast cancer]. AB - Eleven clinical and pathological factors were eligible for study in relation to the survival of 617 female patients with breast cancer treated by radical mastectomy. All the patients have been followed for more than five years. The data were analyzed by the Cox's proportional hazards regression model. A final set of five independent significant prognostic factors was obtained. In order of importance, they were clinical stage, age at diagnosis, axillary lymph node status, histologic type and size of the primary. To test the time-dependency of these factors using Cox's model, all except age reduced their prognostic impact significantly after five years, however, age was a powerful prognostic factor for long-term survival. A prognostic index based on the regression coefficients was constructed. This index can give a better prediction for our patients' survival and be taken as reference when formulating treatment protocols for breast cancer. PMID- 3208649 TI - [Electron microscopy of 300 tumors in the nervous system]. AB - The results of 300 nervous system tumors observed by electron microscopy are reported. Of them, 12% depended on electron microscopy for diagnosis; 14% was further classified and typed by electron microscopy; 59% could be diagnosed by either electron or light microscopy but the former played an important role in confirming the diagnosis by light microscopy; 10% still could not be diagnosed even by electron microscopy; 5% failed in diagnosis due to faulty technique. The results indicate that the electron microscope is a useful tool in diagnosis of the nervous system tumor, particularly, in those whose diagnosis is difficult by light microscopy and in classification and typing of the tumor. In this paper, the pathognomonic ultrastructural features are described. PMID- 3208650 TI - [Morphology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mesothelioma]. AB - Forty cases of mesothelioma biopsied and autopsied from 1961 to 1985 were studied and analysed as to their morphology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Mesothelioma had complex histologic types. The tumor cells varied in size and shape and were characterized morphologically by the coexistence of biphasic differentiation, adenoid and microvilli formation. The pathologic diagnosis is made according to the feature of biphasic differentiation, or coexistence of epithelioid and spindle tumor cells. It should be emphasized that the tissue sections are taken from multiple areas. Usually, the correct diagnosis is made in correlation to the clinical manifestations. For difficult cases of the diffuse mesothelioma, electron microscopy is needed to differentiate from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle cell sarcoma etc. PMID- 3208651 TI - [Statistical analysis of 1016 cases of nervous system tumors in different nationalities in Xinjiang]. AB - 1016 cases of tumors of the nervous system in different nationalities in Xinjiang were collected from biopsies and autopsies from 1956 to 1985. The distribution of these tumors by nationalities were 78.93% in Han, 11.02% in Uygur, 5.42% in Hazak and 3.65% in Hui, respectively. Of 1016 cases, 644 were intracranial tumors (63.38%) with a similar distribution as showed above (80.74%, 11.33%, 4.20%, and 3.27%, respectively). Glioma was predominant in the intracranial tumors (46.11%). It was showed that there was a high incidence of tumors of the nervous system in Han and Hazak as compared with the size of their populations. There were some differences in histologic type in different nationalities. PMID- 3208652 TI - [Proposal on T staging of maxillary sinus cancer]. AB - The TNM staging of maxillary sinus cancer was stipulated by the UICC in 1987 using Ohngren line of demarcation. This report is to discuss the applicability of this staging based on 232 cases of maxillary sinus cancer treated in this hospital. Of 232 cases, the 3-year survival rate for those who received surgery alone was 4/6, for those after radical irradiation, 15.6% (20/128) and for those by combined irradiation and surgery, 43.9% (43/98). The 3-year survival rate for the whole series was 28.9%. To analyze the survival rates of different types of lesion separately, we found that those with involvement of the posterior wall, hence invading the pterygopalatine fossa had poor prognosis with a three year survival rate of 19.5%. And invasion of soft and/or hard palate also gave poor survival. Contrary to the common consensus, invasion of ethmoidal sinuses did not pose a serious prognosis. The feasibility of the Ohngren line in TNM staging was thus questioned. On the basis of our data, a modification of the TNM staging of JJC for maxillary sinus cancer is suggested. PMID- 3208653 TI - [Application of monoclonal antibody OC 125 in gynecological oncology]. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether the measurement of CA125 could effect an early diagnosis and a method for monitoring the course of gynecologic tumors. CA 125 in serum of 195 patients, including 15 apparently healthy women; 39 benign gynecologic tumors; 2 borderline ovarian tumors; 139 malignancies were measured by CENTOCOR cancer antigen 125 kits. Diagnosis of all patients was confirmed by pathology. None of the healthy women; 10% of benign tumors; 78% of epithelial ovarian cancers; 31% of endometrial adenocarcinomas and one out of five adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix had CA 125 level over 65 U/ml. In addition, 23 cases of ovarian cancer were monitored serially up to 9 months. In more than 80% of these patients, CA 125 levels were correlated with the regression or progression of the disease. The significance of this assay for early diagnosis and monitoring the course of ovarian cancer is discussed. It is considered that CA 125 is a promising and useful antigenic marker for monitoring the course of ovarian cancers. PMID- 3208654 TI - [Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast--report of 8 cases]. AB - Eight cases of primary Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the breast are reported. Almost all presented as a painless movable mass without nipple retraction, edema in the overlying skin, satellite skin nodules or bloody nipple discharge. Most of the cases belonged to B cell lymphoma. Wide local excision or simple mastectomy combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy were adopted in the treatment of these patients. The average survival was 28 months. Since prognosis of NHL is worse than that of breast carcinoma and is easily misdiagnosed as breast cancer, it is important to take vigilance in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 3208655 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of cerebral metastasis from lung cancer]. AB - A clinical analysis of 38 patients with cerebral metastasis from lung cancer is reported 17 patients had primary cancer symptoms prior to the increased intracranial pressure 34 patients were examined by cerebral angiography or ventriculography and 4 by CT scan. The incidence of cerebral metastasis with lung as the primary focus ranks first (54.7%). Three pathologic processes of intracranial metastasis: (1) cancer cell thrombosis stage (2) growth reaction stage (3) increased intracranial pressure stage. In this series, 16 patients were given conservative treatment and 22 were operated by craniotomy and resection. The results show that the operation could improve the symptoms and signs and prolong the survival time. The surgical treatment of lesions in the brain is emphasized and the indications are discussed. PMID- 3208656 TI - [Radical neck dissection for cancer of the oral cavity]. AB - 160 radical neck dissections (RND) were performed on 154 patients with cancer of the oral cavity in which cancer of the tongue predominated. The 3-, 5- and 10 year survival rates of these patients were 62.9%, 58.3% and 36.2%, respectively. Those with advanced lesions or positive lymph nodes had poor prognosis. The lymph nodes commonly involved were the submaxillary and the upper deep cervical nodes but "jumping" metastasis to the lower cervical nodes was observed. Elective radical neck dissection is advised for cancer of the tongue. The Survival rate of the patients treated by preoperative irradiation plus RND is higher than that by surgery alone. Proper management of the postoperative complications and regular follow-up of the patients are suggested. PMID- 3208657 TI - [Surgical treatment of breast cancer in elderly women--analysis of 244 patients]. AB - From April 1964 to December 1981, 244 patients, women over 60 years old, with unilateral breast cancer were treated by surgery in our hospital. In this series, 15 patients (6.1%) had Stage I, 131 (53.6%) Stage II, 82 (33.6%) Stage III and 16 (6.6%) unstaged lesions. Of these patients, 3 were treated by extended radical mastectomy (ERM), 140 by standard radical mastectomy (SRM), 49 by modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and 52 by total mastectomy (TM). Except 52 cases by TM, axillary lymph node metastasis rate in 192 patients of this series was 49.3%. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 33.3% in ERM group, 53.4% and 39.5% in SRM group, 70.8% and 48.5% in MRM group, and 73.4% and 55.3% in TM group, respectively. The overall 5-and 10-year survival rates were 62.1% and 45.6%. In Stage I, II patients, the 5-and 10-year survival rates of TM group were much higher than those of SRM and MRM groups (P less than 0.01), but in Stage III, the 5- and 10-year survival rates of MRM group were higher than those of other groups (P less than 0.05). Noticeably, the 5- and 10-year survival rates of SRM group in Stage I approximately III were not satisfactory. Our data show that the postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy was ineffective in elderly patients with breast cancer. PMID- 3208658 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma in the musculature of large vessel wall]. AB - Leiomyosarcoma of the large arteries and veins is rare. In this paper, one case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the axillary vein is reported. The patient, a 66 year old man, was admitted because of a mass in the medial side of right upper arm for three years and increasingly growing. The tentative diagnosis was neurologic fibroma. A local resection was performed and the final diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the right axillary vein was established by pathology. So far, there are 86 cases reported in the foreign literature but only one in the Chinese literature. The neoplasm most frequently occurs in the large veins (68 cases) and approximately one half in the inferior vena cava (33/68). 18 neoplasms are originated from the large arteries and of them, 10 from the pulmonary arteries. Primary leiomyosarcoma in large veins is about four times as common as that in arteries. The primary sites in order of incidence: (1) inferior vena cava; (2) pulmonary artery; (3) other large veins and (4) other large arteries. PMID- 3208659 TI - [Route and preparation of 5-Fu administration as preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer. I. Concentration and distribution of 5-Fu in tissues monitored by 14C-isotopically tagged 5-Fu]. AB - Experimental studies on more rational route and preparation of preoperative administration of 5-Fu were undertaken from March 1981 to June 1985. The experimental observation shows that intrarectal administration of radioisotope 14C tagged 5-Fu (suppository and emulsion) produces a much higher concentration in the rectal wall and mesenteric lymph nodes compared with its intravenous administration (40 rabbits) and produces a much higher concentration in cancer tissue than in surrounding tissues and in mesenteric lymph nodes than in the inferior mesenteric veins (4 patients). These findings favor the attenuation or destruction of cancer cells in the tumor and regional lymph nodes-the main route of spread. Also, after intrarectal administration of 14C tagged 5-Fu, its concentration in the lung, liver and bone marrow is much lower than that after intravenous administration (40 rabbits), and hence systemic toxicity is decreased. The above results indicate that the intrarectal route stands better than the conventional intravenous route for 5-Fu preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer. Administration of 5-Fu emulsion produces a higher concentration in the rectal wall and mesenteric lymph nodes than that of 5-Fu suppository and peak concentration also appears earlier, i.e. 2 hours after the administration of 5-Fu emulsion. This will lessen the interference of 5-Fu absorption owing to its premature evacuation, indicating that emulsion is a better form for intrarectal 5-Fu. PMID- 3208660 TI - [Effect of combined transfer of irradiated allo-lymphocytes and LAK cells on pulmonary metastasis of mammary carcinoma (SST-2) in SHR rats]. AB - We have attempted to prevent and treat experimental pulmonary metastasis of a rat mammary carcinoma (SST-2) by adopting transfer of LAK cells and irradiated allogeneic spleen cells (as an allogeneic immune stimulator). Transfer experiments were carried out by the following schedule: SST-2 cells were inoculated intravenously on day 0, irradiated allogeneic spleen cells were transferred intravenously on day -5, 1 and 8, and LAK cells were transferred on day 2, 5 and 7. In the control groups: the average number of metastatic nodules in the lungs were 180.5, 62.0, 10.2 in the groups of allogeneic lymphocytes alone and LAK cells alone in experiment 1, and 81.2, 21.0, 3.8 in experiment 2, respectively. In the combined transfer group, the average metastatic nodules were 1.3 in experiment 1 and 0 in experiment 2, and 17 out of the total 20 rats were completely free from metastasis. Interleukine 2 (IL-2) level in the serum increased gradually and reached a peak on day 3 and thereafter, declined after the 2nd transfer of allogeneic lymphocytes. We postulate that allogeneic lymphocytes transferred are able to stimulate a release of endogenous IL-2 which supports and augments antitumor activity of LAK cells. PMID- 3208661 TI - [Particle induced X-ray emission for trace element analysis of hairs from patients with cancer]. AB - In this paper, trace element analysis of the hairs from the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and osteoma was made using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique in order to obtain some information on the correlation between trace element and these two tumors. The hair samples of 34 NPC patients were each collected before and three months after radiotherapy (60Co) (group 1). The hair specimens from 34 osteoma patients were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. For comparison, 65 hair samples were collected from 40 normal subjects (group 2) and 25 NPC patients, who had received radiotherapy (60Co) five years before without any recrudescence (group 3). The trace element analysis of all specimens was made by PIXE. The results show that there is a significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (P less than 0.01) but no difference is found between groups 2 and 3 for Mn, Cu, Zn, As etc. content in the hairs. Cu and Zn content in the hairs of the osteoma patients is much lower than that of the normal subjects (P less than 0.01) while for K, Ti and Mn content, the former is higher than the latter. The above experimental results are discussed in detail. PMID- 3208662 TI - [Growth capability of epithelial cell line of human poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its response to Chinese medicinal herbs and marine drugs]. AB - By 3H-TdR incorporation, dye exclusion and cell colony-forming tests, the capability of short-term in vitro growth of the epithelial cell line of human poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE-2Z) was assayed. At the same time, its response to 54 kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs and marine drugs was studied. The results showed that the 3H-TdR incorporation rate of cells was 1.8 +/- 0.02%, reproduction rate was 60.9 +/- 13.0% and colony-forming rate, 40.8 +/- 3.5%. As to the ratios of the three cell growth indexes and response to medicines, the Chinese medicinal herbs and marine drugs causing the reduction of colony-forming and cell survival ratios were predominant (64.8% and 40.7%). The results indicate that the majority of drugs possess the cytotoxic and inhibitory effect on cell reproduction to different degrees. The composite cell response to every kind of drug could be divided into 6 types: descending, ascending, peaked, valley-like, depressed and stable. The depressing type drugs might inhibit or arrest the cell growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and are worthy of further study. PMID- 3208663 TI - Abstracts: XIII Congress of the International Diabetes Foundation. Sydney, Australia, 20-25 November 1988. PMID- 3208664 TI - Domperidone: an alternative to metoclopramide. PMID- 3208665 TI - Early and late discharge after hospital birth: father's involvement in infant care. AB - The father's involvement in his baby's care was studied in three groups of fathers: 49 randomly allocated to an experimental group (EG) with mother and infant discharged from hospital 24-48 h after birth, 52 allocated to a control group (CG) with traditional hospital postpartum care, and 237 randomly selected from parents not interested in participating in an evaluative study of early discharge (NPG). The ordinary length of hospital postpartum stay was 5-6 days. Fathers in EG spent more time with the baby (nappy changing, bathing, holding etc...) than fathers in CG during days 2-4 after the birth. No effect of this extended contact was observed measured as father involvement in infant care during the 2nd and 6th week after the birth, and utilization of parental leave during the first year. PMID- 3208666 TI - Are hospital confinements really more dangerous for the fetus? AB - A large number of publications has reiterated the observation that perinatal mortality rates in Britain are higher among births in consultant units than among those occurring at home or in other units. In this paper we show that whereas these observations are themselves undeniable, the conclusion that hospital confinements are more dangerous to the fetus is probably erroneous. To illustrate the methodological difficulties, we have used as much information as possible on the delivery intentions for a national survey of 16,668 singleton births taking place in the United Kingdom in one week of April 1970. Using these data, we show that although deliveries in a consultant unit had a three times higher mortality rate than those delivered elsewhere, this was due almost entirely to the excess mortality among transfers of women originally intending to deliver elsewhere. Consideration of the place the mother was originally intending to deliver altered the picture considerably, with mortality only 38% higher among the consultant unit group. It is pointed out that if account was taken of risk factors such as past obstetric history, marital status and social class it is likely that booking for hospital delivery may well carry a lower risk of perinatal death, but that present data collection systems combined with high rates of consultant delivery are unlikely to resolve this question. PMID- 3208668 TI - Histological maturation of astroglial cells in the archicortex of young hypothyroid rats. AB - The maturation of fibrous astrocytes was studied in the archicortex (hippocampus) of rats rendered hypothyroid by perinatal administration of propylthiouracil (PTU). A decrease in the number of protoplasmic processes and end-feet in fibrous astrocytes from the cortical molecular layer was observed. The diameter of the perikaryon and length of the prolongations were also decreased. In animals rehabilitated after weaning, the diameter of the perikaryon and length of protoplasmic processes returned to normal while that of number of prolongations per astroglial cell remained unchanged. It is postulated that hypothyroidism induced immediately after birth impairs differentiation of astroglia in the archicortex of the rat brain, probably as a response secondary to altered neuronal and capillary development. PMID- 3208667 TI - Oligohydramnios in the second trimester of pregnancy, fetal breathing and normal lung growth. AB - Two patients with severe oligohydramnios in the second trimester, one due to spontaneous membrane rupture at 18 weeks and the other, uteroplacental insufficiency from 22 weeks were prospectively followed. In both cases despite severe oligohydramnios fetal breathing movements persisted and although one infant delivered at 28 weeks developed respiratory distress syndrome and the second meconium aspiration syndrome neither had evidence of pulmonary hypoplasia. We conclude the presence of fetal breathing movements, despite oligohydramnios, may preserve lung growth, and may act as a predictor of favourable neonatal outcome. PMID- 3208670 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the Neonatal Society meeting. July 1987, Manchester, U.K. PMID- 3208669 TI - Hypotonia at six years in prematurely-born or small-for-gestational-age children. AB - A neurological follow up study was done of 143 full-term infants who were small for gestational age based on intrauterine growth retardation and of 49 preterm appropriate-for-gestational-age (PTAGA) infants at the age of 6 years. Findings were compared with those of a reference group of 192 full-term appropriate-for gestational-age (FTAGA) children. In 11% of the children of both study groups, hypotonia was found without any other neurological deviancy. This type of hypotonia was absent in the reference group, whereas minor neurological dysfunction consisting of hypotonia with other neurological signs was found in all the three groups of children. No relation was found with obstetrical or neonatal variables, including severity of growth retardation and gestational age, or with weight, body height or head circumference at 6 years. The possible interference of preterm birth or intrauterine growth retardation with, and the role of placental mechanisms in, fetal and early postnatal muscle development is discussed. PMID- 3208671 TI - Decreased lung surfactant disaturated phosphatidylcholine in sudden infant death syndrome. AB - The lipid composition of lung surfactant obtained by lung lavage at autopsy in 40 infants dying from the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), was compared to that obtained from 12 infants dying from other causes (control group). Analysis of the lipids from the two groups showed no major difference in the proportions of the various phospholipid classes particularly the predominant component, phosphatidylcholine (PC), which was present at 60.7 +/- 0.9% (mean +/- S.E.) of the total phospholipids in the SIDS group and 57.9 +/- 2.9% in the control group. However the proportion of the PC present as the disaturated form (DSPC), was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced in the SIDS group (65.8 +/- 1.6%) in comparison to the control group (77.4 +/- 3.5%). The proportion of DSPC present in the PC fraction of SIDS infants in the high-risk age range of 1-26 weeks (63.9 +/- 1.9%) was also significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) in comparison to the total control group of infants. For infants older than 26 weeks, significant differences in the proportion of DSPC in PC were not observed between SIDS and control groups. A functional consequence of the observed reduction in the DSPC content of lung surfactant of SIDS infants could be a greater degree of fluidity of the surfactant, particularly at exhalation. Such a biophysical change in surfactant properties could have a profound influence on lung function and be a causative factor in sudden infant death. PMID- 3208672 TI - Traditional Chinese infant supplementary medical foods given by mothers in Hong Kong. AB - Chinese mothers living in Hong Kong are used to giving their babies special medicinal food to strengthen the infant's internal defences and to restore the body's harmonious state. However since the majority of registered doctors are trained in the Western pharmacological tradition it is difficult for them to comprehend the concepts and idioms of this practice. This paper set out to investigate the frequency and varieties of medicinal foods given to 166 Chinese infants during the first 30 months after birth. One hundred and forty seven babies were given medicinal foods at some stage. The frequency of their administration varied from weekly to once or twice per month. The most popular medicinal food was "Job's tears" and the most widely administered compound herb preparations were milk preparation solution, flower teas and various cool teas. The potential pharmacological effects of these medicinal foods were searched from a Chinese medicines computerized database and found to be principally anti inflammatory, bacteriostatic, diuretic and appetite stimulant. This study contributed a better appreciation of the popularity of infant supplementary medicinal foods in Hong Kong and the rationale for their use. PMID- 3208673 TI - Serum creatine kinase BB as predictor of periventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants. AB - Serum creatine kinase BB (CK-BB) determinations were performed daily in 49 newborn infants of less than 34 weeks gestation to evaluate its usefulness in predicting the occurrence of periventricular-intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH). Using ultrasound PIVH was detected in 20 infants (41%); five grade I, seven grade II, two grade III, six grade IV (grading according to Papile et al.). Infants who developed severe PIVH (grade IV) during the study period had significantly higher serum CK-BB activities immediately after birth when compared with infants who developed less severe haemorrhages (grades I, II and II) or no PIVH. We postulate that these high serum enzyme activities are caused by perinatal brain cell damage which is an important antecedent of severe PIVH. Therefore, serum CK-BB activities at birth can be used as predictor of severe PIVH. PMID- 3208674 TI - Night sleep heart rate patterns recorded by cardiopneumography at home in normal and at-risk for SIDS infants. AB - It has been reported that infants at higher than normal epidemiological risk for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have abnormal cardiac autonomic activity. A prospective work was performed using cardiopneumographic recordings (CPG) in order to evaluate heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) patterns in sleeping normal control infants (C) and in infants at-risk for SIDS in their normal environment at home. One hundred appropriate-for-gestational age full-term infants were studied: 28 C, 48 SIDS siblings (SS), and 24 near-miss for SIDS (NM) within the first 2 weeks following the first detected apparent life-threatening event. The three groups of infants were comparable with respect to gestational and conceptional ages, birthweights, sex distribution and socio-economic backgrounds. CPG were done over two successive nights. Records were visually analysed for sleep states (quiet: QS, and combined active + indeterminate sleep: AIS) and wakefulness (W) coding. Periods of W were not analysed. An automatic programme allowed us to study HR minute-by-minute, and to assess whether HR and HRV patterns were specific to a certain part of the night, records were divided into three periods (2200-0040 h, 0041-0320 h, and 0321-0600 h). In C and SS groups, the HR was significantly lower in the 2nd night-period than in the 1st and 3rd periods in both QS and AIS (P less than 0.05). In the NM group this difference was only observed during AIS (P less than 0.05). During the three night-periods the HR was significantly elevated in AIS as compared to QS (at least P less than 0.05) in all infant groups except the NM group during the 2nd night-period. During QS the HR was significantly higher in NM than in C and SS groups (P less than 0.02). During AIS the HR did not differ between infant groups. HRV was significantly lower in the NM group during QS in the three night periods (P less than 0.05). There was no difference in the HR and HRV patterns between C and SS groups with respect to sleep states and night period. We concluded that following the first detected apparent life-threatening event differences in the HR and HRV patterns can be demonstrated when sleeping NM infants are compared with both C and SS infants especially during QS in different night periods studied by CPG at home. PMID- 3208675 TI - The blood flow velocity waveform in the fetal descending aorta; its relationship to fetal heart rate pattern, eye and body movements in normal pregnancy at 27-28 weeks of gestation. AB - In 13 normal pregnancies at 27-28 weeks of gestation the blood flow velocity waveform at the lower thoracic level of the fetal descending aorta was studied in relation to fetal heart rate pattern (FHRP), fetal eye movements (FEM) and fetal body movements (FBM). State parameter combinations in which high fetal heart rate (FHR) variability was present, were associated with a significant reduction in pulsatility index (PI) as compared with periods in which low FHR variability was present, irrespective of FEM and FBM, indicating a reduced peripheral vascular resistance. At 27-28 weeks of gestation FHR variability and PI might be linked to baroreceptor sensitivity. PI values derived from combinations FHRP-A, FEM(-), FBM(-) and FHRP-B, FEM(+), FBM(+) showed a significant inverse relationship (P less than 0.05) with FHR. FHR and FHR variability should be taken into account when studying flow velocity waveforms in the fetal descending aorta at 27-28 weeks of gestation. PMID- 3208676 TI - Developmental characteristics of blood flow in the middle cerebral artery in the human fetus in utero, assessed using the linear-array pulsed Doppler method. AB - To evaluate the physiological profile of human cerebral circulation, chronological sequences of flow velocity waveforms in the middle cerebral artery were studied using a pulsed Doppler method. Included were a total of 92 normal fetuses between 27 and 41 weeks of gestation, among which waveforms could be recorded in 81 cases (88.0%). Raw data of the waveforms were analysed by means of two indices: resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). Both RIs and PIs were calculated at 3-week intervals and were compared at two consecutive periods. Both RI and PI remained unchanged between 27 and 35 weeks of gestation. There were significant decreases in both indices between 33-35 and 36-38 weeks (P less than 0.01), and also between 36-38 and 39-41 weeks (P less than 0.05). These findings indicate that cerebral vascular resistance starts to decrease at the critical period of 36-38 weeks, after which there is a continuing decrease to term. The findings obtained using our method of assessment of fetal middle cerebral artery circulation are discussed. PMID- 3208677 TI - The early social environment of premature and fullterm infants. AB - The behaviors of 10 mothers of prematures and 29 mothers of fullterms were compared from 7-h observations made in the home when the infants were 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks post-term. The observation day was divided into four mutually exclusive interactional contexts that together made up the total day: feeding time, changing or bathing time, time when the mother and infant were in physical contact but the mother was not caretaking, and time the infant was alone. Measures of ten maternal behaviors were also compared: moving, rocking, patting, caressing, talking, looking, engaging in vis-a-vis with the baby, holding or carrying, smiling or laughing, and stimulating the baby to suck. Mothers of prematures left their infants alone more and changed them less than mothers of fullterms. In addition, mothers of prematures moved their infants less often, talked to their infants less, looked at their infants less, and held their infants less. These results indicate that, over the 7-h day, prematures receive markedly less stimulation than fullterms. Since the neurobehavioral characteristics of premature and fullterm infants are known to differ, it is suggested that these differences in maternal behaviors may be in response to infant cues and appropriate for the infants. PMID- 3208678 TI - Neonatal status: an objective scoring method for identifying infants at risk for poor outcome. AB - The likelihood of sustaining neurological, sensory or cognitive deficits is considerably greater for very low birthweight (VLBW) infants who require intensive care in early postnatal life than those without major neonatal illness. Identifying which, if any, medical events are responsible for an adverse outcome is most difficult in the face of multiple concurrent complications. In this research, a principal components analysis was performed in order to arrive at a set of orthogonal variables which succinctly described clinical involvement in the nursery. With this procedure, a single hypothetical factor depicting neonatal status (NS) was computed. Principal component scores were then generated for NS and assigned to 252 VLBW (less than 1500 g) infants. These subjects were followed prospectively from birth to 4 years of age. Standardized measures of neurological, sensory and intellectual function were regularly administered. Neonatal status was shown to be significantly correlated with the various test results and predictive of long-term development. When subjects were divided into quartiles with respect to NS, a specific subgroup was identified as "at high risk" for poor outcome. Those subjects falling into the lower quartile incurred more neurological abnormalities persisting beyond the first year. They also suffered a higher incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and sensori-neural hearing loss. In addition, the lower 25%, as a group, scored well below all others on traditional tests of mental ability. These differences were sustained throughout infancy and early childhood and could not be attributed to a number of demographic variables including sex, gestational age, birthweight, Apgar scores or parental educational level. PMID- 3208679 TI - Neurological outcome of twins dissimilar in size at birth. AB - The neurological outcome of dissimilar twins was studied in 22 pairs of babies having a birth weight difference of 25% or more (mean 1748 vs. 2531 g). In weight, height and head circumference no statistically significant difference could be found at the study time (mean age of the children 9.4 years) between the groups. In gross motor performance and mean school age grades there were no differences but in fine motor performance-balance-coordination (P less than 0.02) and visuomotor perception (P less than 0.01) a statistically significant difference was found favouring the larger group. It is concluded that dissimilarity carries an increased risk for signs of minimal brain dysfunction in the smaller twins. PMID- 3208680 TI - Erythrocyte acid phosphatase polymorphism: relationship with birth weight, duration of gestation, and congenital abnormalities. AB - No statistically significant relationships were observed between the red blood cell acid phosphatase polymorphism (ACP-1) and birth weight, duration of gestation and proportion of preterm infants in a large series of newborn infants (greater than 8000) in Cardiff. These results are contrasted with those of a similar, but smaller, series studied by Bottini's group in Rome, where some apparently significant effects were detected. The Cardiff survey did show a significant relationship between ACP-1 genotypes and the presence or absence of congenital abnormalities, but since this was largely attributable to an excess of ACP-1 CA individuals with abnormalities, a category with a small expected value, further data are required to confirm the validity of this observation. PMID- 3208681 TI - Foetal macrosomia and erythrocyte acid phosphatase (ACP1) polymorphism in diabetic and normal pregnancy. AB - Both in diabetic and in normal pregnancy the proportion of macrosomic fetuses is much lower among newborns carrying Pc allele of erythrocyte acid phosphatase (ACP1) than among other ACP1 genotypes. In diabetic pregnancy the well known increased incidence of fetal macrosomia has been observed only among fetuses which do not carry this allele. ACP1 probably functions as a flavin mononucleotide phosphatase. Since Pc allele is associated with the highest enzymatic activity it is likely that subjects carrying this gene may have a relatively lower concentration of flavin-mononucleotide cofactors and in turn a reduced rate of metabolic activities controlled by flavoenzymes. It is possible that in fetuses carrying Pc, flavo-enzyme activities are regulated at a level that does not allow a full response to stimuli (both genetic and/or environmental) aimed to maximize fetal growth. PMID- 3208682 TI - Clonidine: placental transfer and neonatal adaption. AB - The placental transfer of clonidine was investigated in five pregnancies. Clonidine readily crosses the placenta. The drug elimination in neonates was slow, but the only clinical abnormality was that of a raised arterial blood pressure. Hypertension for at least 24 h was observed in four cases. It is suggested that this may be related to a withdrawal syndrome due to the sudden cessation of the placentally transferred drug. PMID- 3208683 TI - [Modifying effect of antioxidants on the rate of lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes at early stages of diethylnitrosamine biotransformation]. AB - Lipid peroxidation and free radicals' generation were investigated in rats treated with carcinogenic diethylnitrosamine (DENA) after pretreatment with some antioxidants. It was shown that decreased generation of free radicals during DENA metabolism in rat liver microsomes after pretreatment of animals with antioxidants may be the cause of the protective action of these antioxidants against DENA toxicity. Lipid peroxidation was shown to be not a crucial reaction in the toxic effect of DENA. PMID- 3208684 TI - [Effect of phenozan on nitrosodimethylamine-induced carcinogenesis in rat kidneys]. AB - Fenosan has been studied for its effect on the lipid peroxidation level of mitochondria and microsomes of the rat kidneys in different periods of nitrosodimethylamine-induced carcinogenesis as well as on the incidence of kidney tumour formation. A month after the treatment with the above carcinogen the lipid peroxidation in the rat kidney was activated. An additional injection of fenosan decreased the intensity of the lipid peroxidation and inhibited the tumour development in kidneys. It is supposed that anticarcinogenic action of fenosan is related to the membrane protection from the lesion by the carcinogen. PMID- 3208685 TI - [Markers of malignant transformation in mouse cell lines]. AB - The expression of three phenotypic markers of transformation in vitro, i.e. serum dependence, contact inhibition and anchorage dependence of growth has been investigated using the lines of mouse cells obtained from spontaneously in vitro transformed embryonal fibroblasts (three stages of a continuous passage in vitro being considered) and from induced tumours. The results obtained indicate that in the cell lines arising spontaneously in the continuous passage in vitro the origin of the transformation features can be observed. Anchorage independence demonstrates not high (r = 0.69) but much better correlation with tumourigenicity than other studied markers. PMID- 3208686 TI - [Removal of surface antigens and changes in metastatic potential of transplantable rat rhabdomyosarcoma RA-2 cells]. AB - Cells of rat rhabdomyosarcoma RA-2 selected for high metastatic potential and affinity to lung tissue were (125I)-labelled in the presence of iodogene. The spectrum of 125I-labelled cell surface antigens was investigated by SDS-PAGE. Radionuclide was incorporated by proteins (or glycoproteins) with molecular weight of 30, 36, 47, 57, 78, 90, 102, 124, 180 and 250 kDa. After incubation of cells with 0.05-0.2% triton X-100 solution all the proteins except for those with molecular weight of 47 and 57 kDa were washed off the cellular surface; metastatic potential (MP) of triton-100 treated cells was 10 times as low as that of intact cells. PMID- 3208687 TI - [Elevated agglutinability of erythrocytes in cancer patients]. AB - Mediated agglutination of erythrocytes was studied in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A). Agglutinability of erythrocytes from cancer patients was found to be higher than that of normal cells as a result of chemical factors present in the blood plasma which transform the cell surface, the number of Con A receptors remaining unchanged. It is concluded that increased agglutinability of erythrocytes from cancer patients is mainly due to a decrease in the negative charge of cells and the appearance of echinocytic forms. PMID- 3208688 TI - [Decrease in the antimetastatic effect of vinblastine administered in liposomes]. AB - The model of experimental metastases in the HA-1 tumour in the liver of A/He mice was used to show that the anti-tumoural effect of cis-dichlorodiamminoplatinum being used in the liposomes increases, while that of vinblastine (VB) decreases. It is suggested that the low activity of liposome-encapsulated VB as to its influence on the tumour growth in the liver is a result of preferable uptake of liposomes by Kupffer cells and hepatocytes from where VB cannot diffuse into tumour cells since it binds to intracellular tubulin. PMID- 3208689 TI - [Plasminogen activators in malignant tissues and lungs of mice during metastatic spreading and administration of various pharmacological agents]. AB - The method of fibrin plates and electrophoresis in PAAG was used to study the activity and forms of plasminogen activators (PA) in extracts of normal tissues (muscle, lungs) as well as of the malignant tumours and the lungs of mice during metastatic spreading and under certain drugs (trielin and cyclophosphane). It was stated that determination of the specific activity level of plasminogen activator in a target organ (lungs) may be used as one of the indices during evaluation of the antimetastatic effect. PMID- 3208691 TI - [Effect of oxoplatin and platidiam on human melanoma strains and functional activity of blood lymphocytes in athymic mice]. AB - Oxoplatinum (USSR) caused a more pronounced anticancer effect than platidiam (CSSR) when treating nude mice with the transplantable human melanoma. Moderate lymphopenia was found with therapeutic doses of oxoplatinum and platidiam, but there was no direct inhibition of the energy metabolism of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. In the cancer cells and in the lymphocytes infiltrating the tumour oxoplatinum caused a significant decrease in the alpha-GPDG activity realizing the binding of the glycolysis and oxidation which might evidence for a definite selective action of oxoplatinum on the human melanoma. PMID- 3208690 TI - [Changes in biological properties of malignant melanoma B-16 after transplantation to (CBA x C57Bl/6)F1 mice]. AB - The primary tumour properties are studied for their effect on the recurrent tumour growth and metastatic spreading after chemotherapy. Serial transplantation of the B16 melanoma to (CBA X C57Bl/6)F1 mice induced gradual changes in tumour malignancy. With an increase of the generation number the metastatic activity of hybrid mice rises and chemotherapeutic sensitivity lowers. The thirty-first and the fifty-fourth tumour generations after the chemotherapy metastasize earlier and the number of metastases increases more rapidly as compared with the recurrence of the primary tumour. The metastatic potential of recurrent tumours increases with the number of generations in hybrid mice. PMID- 3208692 TI - [Induction of the antileukemic activity in nonimmune allogeneic splenocytes using spleen hemoregulators]. AB - The leukemic mice treated with cyclophosphamide were injected twice a week with the allogenic splenocytes treated for 4 h with the substance isolated from the calf spleen. The leukemia growth inhibition was observed. Syngenic splenocytes were inactive. Allogenic but not syngenic splenocytes manifested a certain antileukemic activity observed in the Winn neutralization and 51Cr release tests, however this activity did not correlate quantitatively with more pronounced antileukemic action of cells in vivo. PMID- 3208693 TI - [Ultrastructure of bone marrow stroma and endosteum in children with acute leukemia]. AB - Ultrastructural peculiarities of stromal elements from bone marrow and endosteum in 28 children with acute leukaemia during clinical and hematological exacerbations are presented. Investigations are conducted before chemotherapy. Changes in ultrastructure of all stromal components are revealed. Of special significance are the data on variations of reticular cells and rough desorganization of fibrillar structures. Disturbances in intercellular contacts between hemopoietic cells and stromal elements are detected. PMID- 3208694 TI - [Modifying effect of ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate on uterine carcomogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in CBA mice]. AB - Administration of ascorbic acid (0.3% in drinking water) inhibited the promoting effect of estradiol dipropionate on the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced uterine sarcomogenesis in CBA mice. However administration of sodium ascorbate intensified the promoting effect of estradiol on the uterine sarcomogenesis, as evidenced by the shortening of the periods of tumour incidence. PMID- 3208695 TI - [Changes in oxygen tension in tumor during induced hyperglycemia]. AB - It is shown that tumour PO2 falls by the factor of 2 or 3 at the 120-150 min i/v glucose infusion (80 mg.kg-1.min-1) to the rats bearing Guerin carcinoma. This is due to a decrease oxygen transport into the tumour induced by inhibition of local blood flow. PMID- 3208696 TI - [Temperature distribution in normal and tumor tissues of animals subjected to local SHF-hyperthermia]. AB - Temperature gradients are studied in normal and tumour tissues of animals under different duration of treatment (6-30 min) with microwave field which has a frequency of 460 MHz and 40 W power range. It is shown that in animal muscles and tumours an increase in the temperature is directly dependent on the time of microwave heating, the maximum temperatures being obtained in the depth of tissues, while there is no overheating in subcutaneous fatty tissues. PMID- 3208697 TI - [Changes in the spleen structure during treatment of patients with generalized Hodgkin's disease]. AB - Data obtained from 35 autopsies and morphological examination of the irradiated and non-irradiated spleen are analyzed. Morphological changes in the spleen as a result of radiation are described. Curability of Hodgkin's disease foci is established to be possible in the spleen irradiated with the dose of 35-40 Gy. A prophylactic spleen irradiation decreases the possibility of its metastatic damage in generalized Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3208698 TI - [Release of active forms of oxygen by blood neutrophils of Syrian hamsters with primary and transplanted tumors]. AB - The production of reactive oxygen forms by the blood neutrophils of Syrian hamsters bearing primary or transplantable tumours has been studied by chemiluminescence test. It is demonstrated that at the early developmental stages of spontaneous primary lymphosarcomas, or of certain malignant transplantable tumours of different origin there is a significant decrease in the spontaneous chemiluminescence and an increase in phagocytosis-dependent chemiluminescence of blood neutrophils. Such a decrease in the spontaneous chemiluminescence was not observed in hamsters bearing tumours with the low metastatic activity as well as in animals with abscesses. PMID- 3208699 TI - Age-related changes in serum 17-hydroxypregnenolone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone sulfate concentrations in human infancy and childhood. AB - In order to clarify some of the developmental processes of the human adrenal cortex or steroidogenesis in infancy and childhood, serum concentrations of 17 hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone sulfate and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were measured by means of a combined radioimmunoassay method, and the age-related changes in these steroids were also examined. The actual ranges of serum concentrations of 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone sulfate and 17 hydroxyprogesterone in umbilical cord blood were 27.1-80.5, 1,560-5,030 and 53.3 304 nmol/l, respectively. These values subsequently decreased to nadirs of 0.95 2.09 nmol/l of 17-hydroxypregnenolone in subjects 1 to 2 years old, 0.93-7.03 nmool/l of 17-hydroxypregnenolone sulfate in subjects 3 to 6 years old and 0.18 0.78 nmol/l of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in subjects 1 to 2 years old, respectively, and they were followed by gradual increases to the adult levels. This study thus revealed the age-related changes in 17-hydroxypregnenolone and its sulfate concentrations in infancy and childhood and indicated that, in the process in which the adrenal cortex was differentiated to the definitive form, the decrease in the activity of steroid sulfotransferase in infancy and childhood occurred more slowly than the increase in that of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 3208700 TI - 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine binding sites in nuclei of human trophoblastic cells. AB - Nuclear binding sites of T3 in human trophoblastic cells were biochemically characterized. Nuclei were isolated by a combination procedure with mild homogenization of the freshly obtained trophoblastic tissue aged term gestation, centrifugations and Triton X-100 treatment. The isolated nuclei were incubated with various concentrations of 125I-T3 at 20 degrees C for 3 h. The total number of T3 binding sites per nucleus was approximately 650. The apparent association constant (Ka) was 6.0 X 10(9)M-1. Nuclear proteins extracted from purified nuclei with 0.4M KCl were able to bind T3 giving rise to nuclear thyroid hormone binding protein-T3 complexes and they were precipitated with bovine IgG, as a carrier protein, by 12.5% polyethylene glycol. Binding was maximum in 3 h incubation at 20 degrees C or in 18 h at 0 degrees C, while it dropped quickly at 37 degrees C. The binding characteristics were analyzed by Scatchard plots. In nuclear proteins obtained from 8 term placentae there was a single set of high affinity-low capacity T3 binding sites with Ka of 7.0 X 10(9)M-1. The capacity is about 62.7 fmol T3/mg DNA. The binding sites were found to be specific for L-T3, while L-T4 was about 100-fold less effective, rT3 ineffective, and D-T3 and D-T4 were roughly 1/8 and 1/5 as active as L-T3 and L-T4, respectively in displacing 125I T3 from the binding sites. These data confirmed that human placenta is a target organ of thyroid hormones; trophoblastic cells contain T3 nuclear receptors which are biochemically similar to those isolated from liver, although the capacity is low. PMID- 3208701 TI - Five patients with painless thyroiditis simultaneously developed in a nursery school. AB - Painless (silent) thyroiditis (PT) occurred simultaneously in 1 male and 4 females aged 21 to 52 years working at a nursery school. Clinical symptoms did not include goiter, or pain or tenderness of the neck in any of the patients but were characterized by edema of the lower legs as well as palpitation and loss of body weight as observed in subacute thyroiditis. General blood analysis showed that all patients were negative for C-reactive protein (CRP) and 3 had mild impairment of liver function. Examination of thyroid function suggested transient thyrotoxicosis accompanied by a marked reduction in radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), but antithyroglobulin hemagglutination antibody (TGHA) and antithyroid microsomal hemagglutination antibody (MCHA) were negative in all patients. Examination of various viral antibodies showed no significant changes in their titers. Thyrotoxicosis was transient and disappeared without treatment or by glucocorticoid administration. Our results suggested that PT observed in this study was caused by some environmental factor. The possibility of an unidentified virus as a factor cannot be ruled out. PMID- 3208702 TI - Histocompatibility lymphocytic antigen (HLA) typing in patients with acute exacerbation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - Histocompatibility lymphocytic antigen (HLA) typing was performed in 6 patients with acute exacerbation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis whose diagnoses were established on the basis of typical histological findings, and was compared with those of 12 with subacute thyroiditis, 33 with general Hashimoto's thyroiditis and also with a control group. There was a high incidence of BW35 in patients with subacute thyroiditis, although it was only seen in 1 of 6 patients with acute exacerbation. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Four of 6 patients with acute exacerbation had DR2 and none of them had DR4, which was the reverse of the findings for Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients in general, and the difference in the incidence of DR2 was significant (p less than 0.001). None of the HLA types in patients with acute exacerbation was significantly different from those of the control group. In conclusion, HLA typing in patients with acute exacerbation was different from those of subacute thyroiditis and general Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Acute exacerbation was considered to involve quite a limited and rather unique population among patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PMID- 3208704 TI - Effect of melatonin on the spermatogenesis of Rana hexadactyla (Lesson). AB - It has been reported that melatonin produces either progonadal or antigonadal effects in mammals, depending on the time and mode of administration. Information on the melatonin-effect on the testis in toads indicated varied changes during the breeding and hibernating seasons. The present study in Rana hexadactyla (Lesson), a continuous breeder revealed that administration of melatonin at a dosage of 50 micrograms/frog/day either in the morning or evening for a week inhibited spermatogenesis; however, when melatonin was administered for a longer period, this inhibitory effect was lost. Moreover, treatment with melatonin both in the morning and evening had no net effect on the testes. PMID- 3208705 TI - Phase-shifted diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion in a patient with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical adenoma. AB - A 21-year-old woman with Cushing's syndrome was found to have a marked diurnal variation in cortisol secretion. Serum cortisol concentrations and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids were normal in the morning but clearly increased in the afternoon. The patient was cured by resection of an adrenocortical adenoma. ACTH and prostaglandin E1 stimulated cortisol release from incubated adenoma tissues in vitro. The cause of the abnormal diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion is unknown. PMID- 3208703 TI - Diurnal changes in vasopressin and oxytocin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of post operative patients with intracranial aneurysms. AB - Diurnal changes in vasopressin and oxytocin levels in cerebrospinal fluid were investigated under normal diurnal conditions. The patients examined had ruptured intracranial aneurysms, and underwent neck-clipping operations and continuous drainage from the basal cistern. All of the patients recovered consciousness without signs of neurological deficit. The investigations were conducted for 2 days starting 5-9 days after the neck-clipping operations were performed. The oxytocin concentration decreased as night fell, remained low during this period and then increased during the day. The vasopressin level demonstrated no definite rhythmic tendency. No correlation was revealed between the changes in the concentrations of either vasopressin or oxytocin in the cerebrospinal fluid and the osmolality. PMID- 3208706 TI - A case of glucocorticoid-suppressible hyperaldosteronism with aldosterone producing adenoma. AB - A 34-yr-old woman with hypertension (142/102 mmHg), hypokalemia, high plasma and urinary aldosterone and low plasma renin activity was studied. A left adrenal tumor and enlarged right adrenal gland were demonstrated by adrenal venography. During administration of dexamethasone (2 mg daily, for 3 weeks), urinary aldosterone excretion decreased abruptly from 22.5 to 9-11 micrograms/day, serum potassium increased and blood pressure fell to 120-130/80-90 mmHg. After left adrenalectomy, all manifestations improved with no medication. The resected adrenal gland revealed clear cell adenoma and micronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia. The patient was considered to be a rare case of glucocorticoid suppressible hyperaldosteronism with an aldosterone-producing adenoma. PMID- 3208707 TI - Distinct affinity and effector residues in the binding site for a regulatory ligand. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein as a model. AB - A hypothesis concerning two distinct classes of amino acid residues in some regulatory binding sites is proposed. The "affinity residues" are those that are unable to transduce the ligand information signal but are responsible for overcoming the barrier for the attachment of a ligand to its binding site while the "effector residues" transfer the binding signal to the other functional part of the protein, which then undergoes a non-equilibrium energetic cycle induced by interaction with the ligand. As an example, the purine nucleotide inhibition of H+ transport through the uncoupling protein of brown adipose tissue mitochondria is discussed; there is a concentration range in which the nucleotide is bound but does not inhibit H+ transport. This is interpreted in terms of inaccessibility of the effector residues inducing H+ transport inhibition below a certain threshold concentration. PMID- 3208708 TI - Minor effects of bulk viscosity on lipid translational diffusion measured by the excimer formation technique. AB - We have investigated the effect of bulk viscosity on lipid translational diffusion using the excimer formation technique. In contrast to a study by Vaz et al. (1987), performed with the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique, we observed only a minor decrease of less than a factor of two for pyrene labelled phosphatidylcholine in glycerinated phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes compared to an aqueous dispersion. Even the diffusion of pyrene labelled gangliosides with an oligosaccharide head-group that protrudes from the membrane surface is not strongly restricted by the increased bulk viscosity. We conclude that the viscosity of the fluid bounding the lipid bilayers is of minor importance for the diffusion of membrane lipids. PMID- 3208709 TI - Red-edge-excitation fluorescence spectroscopy of single-tryptophan proteins. AB - With the aim of finding non-equilibrium dipole-relaxational electronic excited states of tryptophan residues in proteins the dependence of the fluorescence emission maximum on excitation wavelength was studied for several proteins containing a single tryptophan residue per molecule. Spectral shifts upon red edge excitation are not observed for short wavelength-emitting proteins (azurin, two-calcium form of whiting parvalbumin, ribonucleases C2 and T1). This may be because of the non-polar environment of the tryptophan residues in these proteins or because of the absence of dipole-orientational broadening of spectra. The effect was also not found for proteins emitting at long wavelengths (max. at 341 350 nm)-melittin at low ionic strength, IT-Aj1 protease inhibitor, myelin basic protein. In these proteins, the tryptophan residues are exposed to the rapidly relaxing aqueous solvent. Spectral shifts associated with red-edge excitation are observed for proteins emitting in the medium spectral range - human serum albumin in the N and F forms, IT-Aj1 protease inhibitor at pH 2.9, melittin at high ionic strength as well as the albumin-dodecyl-sulfate complex. This suggests the existence in these proteins of a distribution of microstates for tryptophan environment with various orientation of dipoles and of slow (on the nanosecond time scale) mobility of the field of these dipoles. As a result the emission proceeds from electronic excited states which are not at equilibrium. PMID- 3208710 TI - The blocking effect of l-cis-diltiazem on the light-sensitive current of isolated rods of the tiger salamander. AB - The effect of the organic compound l-cis-diltiazem on the light-sensitive current of isolated rods of the tiger salamander was analysed by rapidly changing the extracellular medium using the method of Hodgkin et al. (1985). Addition to the extracellular medium of small amounts of l-cis-diltiazem rapidly inhibits the photocurrent. Complete suppression of the current was observed with 1 mM l-cis diltiazem. Half blockage of the photocurrent occurred with about 150 microM l-cis diltiazem. The blocking effect of l-cis-diltiazem was enhanced by light and by a reduction of extracellular Na. A concentration of l-cis-diltiazem of 140 microM, which suppresses one third of the photocurrent, was able to completely suppress the photocurrent carried by Ba. It is suggested that l-cis-diltiazem blocks the light-sensitive channel, possibly competing with cyclic guanosine-3'-5' monophosphate (cGMP) for an internal regulatory site. PMID- 3208711 TI - Morphology of the procarboxypeptidase A-S6 complex. A solution X-ray scattering study. AB - Bovine pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A is secreted as a non-covalent association of three different proteins (pro CPA-S6). The free native subunits can be obtained by dissociation of the complex by dimethylmaleylation. Moreover, two specific binary complexes resulting from the high affinity of procarboxypeptidase A (subunit I) for its other two partners (subunits II and III) can also be obtained. In order to better understand the function of the association, an investigation of the morphology of the ternary complex by solution X-ray scattering has been carried out. The radii of gyration of all the molecular species have been obtained and the experimental results have been interpreted in terms of compact objects of simple shape. The various components correspond to globular particles as shown by the value of the ratio Rg/M1/3. This is confirmed by the moderate anisotropy of the simple geometric shapes determined using an assumed value of 0.3 g H2O/g protein for the hydration. The distances between the centres of gravity of pairs of species strongly suggest that the components are in the closest distance configuration or close to it. However, the binary complex I-III appears to be more open than the complex I-II. Finally, a model of the interaction between carboxpeptidase A and its activation peptide has been constructed by comparing the hypothetical geometric model of subunit I to the crystallographically determined structure of carboxypeptidase A. PMID- 3208712 TI - Pulmonary gallium uptake in rats with granulomatosis induced by complete Freund adjuvant. AB - To investigate the mechanism of gallium-67 uptake in lung granulomatosis, we studied 13 rats in which lung granulomatosis was induced by injection of complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) and 14 controls. Gallium uptake was assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lavaged lung. The cells responsible for gallium uptake were identified by latent image activation autoradiography. Gallium activity in both lavaged lungs and bronchoalveolar cells (BAC) was higher in CFA treated animals than in controls [172,205 +/- 134,783 DPM versus 44,456 +/- 14,486 DPM +/- SD (p less than 0.05) and 40,083 +/- 16,350 DPM versus 9100 +/- 4114 DPM (p less than 0.05), respectively]. In control rats, about two-thirds of total lung gallium was located in the interstitium, whereas in CFA-treated rats it was found in the mononuclear cells of lung granulomas. Gallium tracks were more numerous in the alveolar macrophages (AM) of CFA-treated rats than in control AM (28.4 +/- 10.0/field versus 8.4 +/- 3.8/field, p less than 0.001) but the number of tracks was proportional to the number of AM (52.4 +/- 18.7 versus 12.2 +/- 4.3, respectively; p less than 0.001). It is concluded that in rats with CFA-induced lung granulomatosis 1) pulmonary gallium uptake increases, 2) mononuclear cells are responsible for this uptake in both granulomas and AM, and 3) the increased uptake is due to the increased number of mononuclear cells. PMID- 3208713 TI - Acute cigarette smoke exposure in dogs: the inflammatory response. AB - Acute cigarette smoke causes polymorphonuclear leukocyte (neutrophil, PMN) recruitment to the lung followed by loss of elastase from the recruited cells. Dogs were exposed to cigarette smoke with different oxidant content, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and the cell distribution in the recovered alveolar lining fluid was analyzed. Exposures were 1, 3, or 6 cigarettes on one or multiple days with a maximum dose of 42 cigarettes. The mean percent PMN present in control lavage was 2.01%, while the mean percent PMN recovered in BAL after a dose of 42 1R1 cigarettes was 13.05%. Recoverable PMN, after a single exposure to three 1R1 cigarettes, also increased from 1.7 to 10.4% by 15 h after cessation of smoke exposure. The cell response for multiple (2 and 7) day exposures was similar. The elastase content per BAL neutrophil decreased relative to peripheral blood PMN from the same animals. No free elastolytic activity was found in BAL, but PMN elastase antigen was present. Increased frequency of cigarette smoke exposure delayed the return to homeostatic cell conditions. The increased PMN accumulation observed may result in an increased proteolytic load in the pulmonary interstitium and contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema. PMID- 3208715 TI - Effects of aerosol exposures to cadmium chloride on the clearance of titanium dioxide from the lungs of rats. AB - This study deals with the hypothesis that the lymphatic uptake of particles from the lung parenchyma increases when phagocytosis by pulmonary macrophages is inhibited. Cadmium chloride was chosen as the toxicant to inhibit phagocytosis and was administered as an aerosol to rats at concentrations of 1.5 mg Cd/m3 (mass median aerodynamic diameter = 0.4 micron, sigma g = 1.4) and 5.0 mg Cd/m3 (MMAD = 0.4 micron, sigma g = 1.6), each for 30 min. Control animals were exposed to a saline aerosol. Lung clearance and lymphatic uptake were assayed after exposing the cadmium-exposed rats to titanium dioxide (TiO2) dust at concentrations of 12-15 mg/m3 (MMAD = 1.0 micron, sigma g = 2.3) for 6 h. Preexposure to 5 mg Cd/m3 decreased the initial deposition of TiO2 by 40% compared to a saline preexposure. Although the overall clearance of TiO2 from the lungs was not different in the cadmium-exposed animals, the lymph node burden was 2.7 times higher in the CdCl2-exposed animals than in the controls. Exposures to 1.5 mg Cd/m3 had no effect on lung clearance or lymphatic uptake of TiO2. When TiO2 exposure preceded a 5.0 mg Cd/m3 exposure, the results were similar; i.e., more TiO2 was found in the lymph nodes of the animals. This study supports the concept that lymphatic uptake of dust particles increases when phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages is decreased. PMID- 3208714 TI - Effect of 2 ppm ozone exposure on rat lung lipid fatty acids. AB - Based on in vitro studies, the initial damage to lung cells by ozone exposure is believed to result in part from the breakdown of lipid polyunsaturated fatty acids to aldehydes, ozonides, and peroxides. The present study measured lipid breakdown products in lungs isolated from rats pretreated with [1-14C]acetate 12 h before exposure for 4 h to either air or 2 ppm ozone. Lipid fatty acid breakdown was indicated by a 112% increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances on ozone exposure and by changes in chemical and radioactive measurements of mono- and dicarboxylic acids formed by treatment of lipid fractions with hydrogen peroxide. Ozone exposure resulted in a 63% increase in recovery of short-chain fatty acids accounted for by increased recoveries of malonic acid by 37%, hexanoic acid by 47%, nonanoic acid by 118%, and azelaic acid by 107%. Recovery of glutaric acid was enhanced 15-fold by ozone exposure. Although decreases in tissue arachidonic acid could not be detected, oleic acid was significantly decreased by 36%. Recovery of radiolabel as short-chain fatty acids was increased by 65% on ozone exposure and was mainly accounted for by enhanced labeling of nonanoic and glutaric acid fractions. The failure to observe significant increases in 14C recovery in the other fractions suggested ozone induced breakdown of unlabeled fatty acids. These results demonstrate the cleavage of unsaturated fatty acid double bonds following in vivo exposure of lungs to ozone. Breakdown of arachidonic and oleic acids was specifically identified by increased recoveries of glutaric and nonanoic acids, respectively. PMID- 3208716 TI - Airway permeability in rats exposed to ozone or treated with cytoskeleton destabilizing drugs. AB - Ozone (O3) exposure of rats increases airway epithelial permeability. We hypothesized that this increased permeability may be mediated by the epithelial cell cytoskeleton. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of cytoskeletal disruption on the transmucosal transport of tracers from airway lumen to blood and compared the results with the effects of O3 exposure. No increase in transport occurred following disruption of microtubules by vinblastine, but disruption of microfilaments with cytochalasin D resulted in increased transport of radiolabeled tracers [99mTc- and 111In-labeled diethylenetriamine-pentacetate (DTPA) and 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA)]. In control rats, both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and BSA, localized by cytochemistry and autoradiography, respectively, were detected on the epithelial cell surfaces and in endocytic vesicles. In rats treated with cytochalasin D or exposed to O3, the tracer molecules also penetrated the intercellular spaces, though the apical tight junctions remained devoid of the tracers. Increased numbers of endocytic vesicles containing HRP and aggregation of 125I-labeled BSA autoradiographic grains in the subepithelial region were also seen after either treatment. We conclude that destabilization of cytoskeletal elements following O3 exposure is a possible mechanism of increased transmucosal transport, which may be a combined effect of accelerated transport through both endocytic and paracellular pathways. PMID- 3208717 TI - Biotin stores in rodent lungs: localization to Clara and type II alveolar cells. AB - Biotin is a cofactor for carboxylases used in fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and energy production by the citric acid cycle. Although lung has low levels of this vitamin overall, high concentrations were demonstrated histochemically in Clara cells of mouse, rat, hamster, and guinea pig using avidin conjugated to peroxidase. Lesser concentrations were found in type II cells of mouse, rat, and hamster but not guinea pig. By electron microscopy, biotin stores in mouse Clara cells were localized to mitochondria, while those in type II cells were present in both mitochondria and the cytoplasmic matrix. Biotin stores in type II cells are probably used mainly in fatty acid synthesis but also in gluconeogenesis and energy production. The reason for particularly high concentrations in the mitochondria of Clara cells is unknown. PMID- 3208718 TI - Cigarette smoke potentiates asbestos-induced airflow abnormalities. AB - It has been suggested that exposure to both asbestos and cigarette smoke can produce worse parenchymal lung disease than exposure to asbestos alone. Using a guinea pig model of asbestos administration that produces primarily airway disease and associated airflow abnormalities, we showed previously that the combination of asbestos and smoke acts synergistically to produce more marked increases in tissue collagen, fibrosis of airway walls, and early interstitial fibrosis than are seen with asbestos alone. To investigate the functional effects of these morphological and biochemical abnormalities, pulmonary function tests for volumes and flows, including lung volumes, pressure-volume curves, and flow volume curves, were performed. By themselves, both smoke and asbestos produced increases in total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), and functional residual capacity (FRC); the two agents together made all these changes worse than either one alone. Both smoking and asbestos moved the pressure-volume curve upward, and the effects of the two agents together were again greater than either alone. Similarly, both smoke and asbestos decreased flows, and the two agents produced more severe impairment than either one by itself. The changes in volumes, pressure-volume curve, and flows correlated with both increased thickness of small airway walls and increases in airspace size. These observations indicate that, at least in this guinea pig model, cigarette smoke can potentiate the functional consequences of asbestos exposure. PMID- 3208719 TI - Neutrophil response following intratracheal instillation of collagen peptides into rat lungs. AB - Inflammatory lung diseases are associated with destruction of interstitial collagen and release of degraded collagen fragments into the lower respiratory tract. To determine whether degraded collagen might be one factor mediating the cellular influx, we measured polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following intratracheal instillation of collagen peptides. The responses to collagenous peptides derived from collagen digested with bacterial collagenase and to the collagenous-like polytripeptide (proline proline-glycine) were examined. Both types of collagen peptides were chemotactic for human PMN in vitro. Two days following instillation of 5 mg collagenous peptides, we observed a threefold increase in the percentage of PMN in lavage fluid with a maximum (fivefold) response on day 6. Since other chemoattractants produce a response within hours when instilled intratracheally, we postulated that the late neutrophil influx produced with collagen may be the result of production of a neutrophil chemoattractant by alveolar macrophages. Alveolar macrophages treated with collagenous or collagenous-like peptides released PMN chemotactic factors, and the time course of release of chemotactic activity by alveolar macrophages in vitro correlated with the in vivo finding of a 2-6-day delay in PMN accumulation in the lungs. These observations are consistent with the idea that collagen peptides may stimulate alveolar macrophages to produce chemotactic factors for neutrophils. This mechanism may play a role in the accumulation of phagocytic cells in the lung following injury. PMID- 3208720 TI - Neurally mediated increase in vascular permeability in the rat trachea: onset, duration, and tachyphylaxis. AB - Electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve of rats is known to increase vascular permeability in the trachea. In the present study, we sought to further characterize this neurogenic inflammatory response by defining the relationship between the parameters of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve and the magnitude of the increase in vascular permeability, by determining the onset and the duration of the increase in vascular permeability, and by assessing the development of tachyphylaxis in response to consecutive periods of vagal stimulation. The extravasation of Evans blue dye in the trachea was used as an index of tracheal vascular permeability. Rats were injected intravenously with dye and their right vagus nerves were electrically stimulated. The rats were then prefused with fixative, their tracheas were removed, and the amount of extravasated dye in the tracheas was measured with a spectrophotometer. We found that a vagal stimulus of 5 V and 20 Hz for 15 s increased the amount of dye in the tracheas 5.5-fold compared to controls, that the dye extravasation began within 30 s of the start of vagal stimulation and lasted for 3-5 min, and that tachyphylaxis developed after a stimulus as brief as 15 s and reduced the dye extravasation produced by a subsequent period of vagal stimulation for up to 4 h. PMID- 3208721 TI - Proliferation of pulmonary macrophages during the early phase of an acute graft versus-host reaction in mice. AB - The pulmonary response was investigated during the early lymphoproliferative phase of an acute graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction induced in (C57BL/6 x A/J)F1 hybrid mice by iv injection of 50 x 10(6) A/J spleen and lymph node cells. The GVH reaction was monitored by measuring splenomegaly and immunosuppression. Animals were sacrificed after 5, 7, 11, and 16 d and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed; on each day a significant increase in the number of alveolar macrophages (AM) was seen, whereas no increase was found in other inflammatory cells. In lung sections, interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrates were seen around airways and pulmonary veins on d 11 and in alveolar septae on d 16. The kinetics of cell proliferation was evaluated in lung, liver, and peritoneum of mice with GVHR reactions by injecting [3H] thymidine 1 h before sacrifice. Autoradiographs revealed a marked increase in the number of labeled AM, pulmonary interstitial cells, Kuppfer cells, peritoneal macrophages, and intravascular monocytes. The results indicate that the GVH reaction causes a proliferative response of pulmonary macrophages early in its course. This stimulus appears to by systemic, since resident macrophages in other organs show a similar response. It is possible that local macrophage proliferation and the subsequent activation of these cells may play a role in the cellular mechanism of tissue injury seen during later stages of the reaction. PMID- 3208723 TI - Effect of hydrogen ion concentration on in vitro pulmonary vascular reactivity. AB - The present investigation studied the effects of hydrogen ion concentration on pulmonary vascular reactivity to the biogenic amines in vitro. Pulmonary arterial segments from cats were dissected free of surrounding tissue and endothelium and isometrically suspended in tissue baths. Cumulative dose-response curves were constructed to norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin, and potassium chloride, and the protocol was designed such that only one agent and hydrogen ion concentration was studied in each vessel segment. Alkalosis ([H+] less than or equal to 28 nmol/l) produced enhanced maximum responses to all of the agents used in this study. Acidosis [( H+] greater than or equal to 52 nmol/l), in contrast, was without effect on the maximum responses to histamine, serotonin, and potassium chloride, but did produce increased maximum responses to norepinephrine. No alterations in the ED50 of the dose-response curves were observed for any of the agents tested. In general, increases in sloped of the dose response curves were correlated with hydrogen ion concentrations that demonstrated increased maximum responses, suggesting that the present observations may have resulted from hydrogen ion-induced changes in amine receptor efficacy. The present data demonstrate that (1) as in the in vivo model, pulmonary vascular amine receptor activity is related to the hydrogen ion concentration; (2) there are two hydrogen ion concentration ranges where adrenergic receptor activity was observed to be enhanced; (3) the effects of acidosis where specific for the adrenergic receptor system, since the reactivity to only norepinephrine was significantly altered by acidosis; and (4) the effects of alkalosis may have resulted from increased overall contractility of the pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells, since the force developed to all the agents tested was enhanced by alkalosis. PMID- 3208722 TI - Effects of cyclophosphamide treatment in experimental asbestosis. AB - The potential role of immunosuppressive therapy in asbestosis was evaluated in the sheep model of experimental asbestosis. A diffuse peribronchiolar alveolar and interstitial fibrosing alveolitis was developed in 10 animals following 2 years of exposure consisting of slow intratracheal infusion of 100 mg Canadian chrysotile in 100 ml saline every 2 weeks. A control group of 10 sheep concomitantly receiving only 100 ml saline intratracheally was also enrolled in the study. One group of 5 control sheep and one group of 5 asbestosis sheep received 1 mg/kg cyclophosphamide in 10 ml saline iv every 2 weeks, the other 10 sheep receiving only saline. One year after beginning of therapy, survival rates were comparable in the 2 control groups and the asbestosis group without therapy at 80%, whereas it was significantly reduced at 20% in the asbestosis group with therapy. Deaths in the latter were associated with significant increase in peripheral blood and lung lavage neutrophils, increased intensity of fibrosing alveolitis, worsening of lung functions, and worsening in the radiographic diffuse lung opacities. This was documented on histopathology to be associated with more intense fibrotic disease and bacterial pneumonia in the group of sheep with asbestosis receiving the immunosuppressor drug. We conclude that cyclophosphamide therapy in experimental asbestosis accelerated the fibrotic process and reduced significantly the survival rate of the animals. PMID- 3208724 TI - Dexamethasone reduces rat tracheal goblet cell hyperplasia produced by human neutrophil products. AB - An experimental model leading to goblet cell hyperplasia was developed in order to examine the possible preventive effects of glucocorticosteroids. Human peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated and either freeze-thaw lysed or activated with serum opsonized zymosan. Supernatants from these neutrophil preparations were then instilled transorally into the tracheas of male Sprague Dawley rats. After 7-35 days, the rats were sacrificed; the lower tracheas were excised, fixed in formalin, and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and alcian blue; and the goblet cells and total epithelial cells were counted. Supernatants from both lysed neutrophils and zymosan-activated neutrophils stimulated a 50% and 42% (respectively) increase in goblet cells after 3 weeks as compared to controls. Purified human neutrophil or porcine pancreatic elastase also caused goblet cell hyperplasia, while sham challenge, challenge with buffer, or challenge with lysates of human mononuclear cells failed to affect goblet cell number. The increase in goblet-cell number was maximal by three weeks and persisted through 35 days. Treatment of animals with glucocorticosteroids administered by the addition of dexamethasone to the drinking water (2 mg/l for 1 week followed by 0.2 mg/l for 2 weeks) ablated the goblet cell hyperplasia produced by neutrophil lysates or elastase alone. We conclude that goblet cell hyperplasia may be induced with insufflated neutrophil products and that this action can be inhibited by treatment with corticosteroids. PMID- 3208725 TI - Sublethal hyperoxic injury to the alveolar epithelium and the pulmonary surfactant system. AB - We quantified the effects of continuous exposure to 100% O2 on the development of sublethal injury to the pulmonary alveolar epithelium of rabbits. There was a progressive increase in alveolar permeability to solute after 48 h in O2, which coincided with the onset of damage to the pulmonary microvasculature. Rabbits that were exposed to 100% O2 for 64 h and returned to room air for 24 h had, in addition to increased permeability to solute, decreased phospholipid levels, decreased total lung capacity, pulmonary edema, high minimum surface tensions in their bronchoalveolar lavage, and moderate hypoxemia. Intratracheal instillation of calf lung surfactant (CLSE) significantly ameliorated the progression of hyperoxic injury by increasing alveolar phospholipid levels and thus preventing the inhibition of lung surfactant activity by plasma proteins and other high molecular weight components of alveolar edema. We concluded that the alveolar epithelium and the pulmonary microvasculature show similar sensitivity to hyperoxia and that clinical manifestations of hyperoxic lung injury may be due, at least in part, to surfactant dysfunction. PMID- 3208726 TI - Patterns of progression and markers of lung injury in rodents and subhuman primates exposed to hyperoxia. AB - Exposure to high concentrations of oxygen causes injury throughout the respiratory tract. Good markers for the earliest stages of injury are not available although the course of tissue and cell responses to injury has been well characterized in a variety of animal models including rats and subhuman primates. Exposure to subacute levels of hyperoxia (40%-60% O2) causes lung injury that is difficult to detect even after exposures of up to 7 days in duration unless animals are subsequently stressed with a second form of lung injury. Rats preexposed to 40% and 60% O2 die sooner when exposed to 100% O2 than do control animals, suggesting an increased susceptibility to a second injury. Rats exposed to 60% O2 are more susceptible to development of pulmonary edema during high tidal volume mechanical ventilation, suggesting an increased susceptibility to mechanical stress. Exposures to 60% O2 may set up chronic progressive inflammatory reactions in the lung interstitium manifested by an increase in interstitial cells and matrix occurring weeks after the hyperoxic exposure. Both rats and baboons show similar responses to acute lethal exposures to hyperoxia, although the time course is more prolonged in the baboon. Both species demonstrate increased numbers of neutrophils in the lung microvasculature as one of the earliest structural evidences of lung injury. Both species demonstrate an increase in interstitial cells, quantitative evidence of injury to alveolar epithelial cells, and a significant fall in the number of capillary endothelial cells during the late phases of hyperoxic lung injury. These changes are associated with significant decreases in the total lung capacity and residual volume, increases in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, and tachycardia. Baboons develop a 30% reduction in cardiac output after 80 h of 100% oxygen exposure because of a diminished ejection fraction. The primary difference in the progression of lung injury between species is in the time course rather than in the basic pattern of morphologic and physiologic responses. PMID- 3208727 TI - Hypoxia-induced oxygen tolerance: maintenance of endothelial metabolic function. AB - Hypoxia (10%-12% O2) preadaptation for 4-7 days effectively protects rats from oxygen toxicity. The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that the lung's microvascular endothelium shares in development of oxygen tolerance and therefore that endothelial metabolic function would be protected from oxygen toxicity by prior adaptation to hypoxia. Since pulmonary oxygen toxicity decreases lung capillary angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, we assayed converting enzyme active sites in an isolated perfused rat lung preparation as a marker for the development of oxygen toxicity and tolerance. Rats were exposed to air, hypoxia (10% O2 for 4 days), hyperoxia (greater than 95% O2 for 2 days) alone, or hypoxia followed immediately by hyperoxia. Lung vascular ACE content was quantitated by measuring the single pass binding of an iodinated-converting enzyme inhibitor, 125I-MK351A, a derivative of lisinopril. Hypoxia adaptation per se had no effect on ACE content reflected in normal 125I MK351A binding, whereas hyperoxia exposure caused a significant decrease in lung vascular ACE. Hyperoxia-induced decreases in ACE content were prevented partially by hypoxia adaptation, indicating that ACE content on luminal endothelial surfaces was protected from oxygen toxicity. In isolated perfused lungs 125I MK351A binding reflects development of oxygen tolerance after hypoxia preadaptation and suggests that lung endothelial metabolic function is protected from oxygen toxicity. PMID- 3208728 TI - Pulmonary limits of oxygen tolerance in man. AB - As part of a comprehensive study of specific organ oxygen tolerance [1-4], oxygen effects on pulmonary function were measured in normal, resting men who breathed oxygen continuously at 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for average durations of 3.4, 5.7, 9.0, and 17.7 h, respectively. Rates of development of effects of pulmonary oxygen toxicity were monitored during oxygen exposure at 2.5, 2.0, and 1.5 ATA with repeated flow-volume loops, spirometry, and symptom assessment. Additional pulmonary measurements before and after exposure included lung compliance, airway resistance, density dependence of flow, nitrogen closing volumes, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, and alveolar arterial oxygen differences. Of these measurements only airway resistance and closing volumes were not significantly affected at any pressure, but patterns and magnitudes of effects varied at different pressures. Overall, the data indicate that continuous oxygen exposure at 3.0 to 1.5 ATA affects pulmonary mechanical function earlier and more prominently than CO diffusing capacity. Recovery of lung mechanical function usually occurred within 12-24 h after exposure, but required more than 24 h in some individuals. No individual measure of pulmonary function was found to be uniquely satisfactory for monitoring rates of development or reversal of pulmonary oxygen poisoning. The existence of multiple pulmonary effects of oxygen toxicity and the complexity of their interactions require selective applications of individual toxicity indices to specific conditions of exposure and recovery. PMID- 3208729 TI - Role of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase in antioxidant defenses in rat alveolar macrophages. AB - Glutathione peroxidase is a crucial component of cellular antioxidant defenses. Using tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) as a model for oxidant stress in alveolar macrophages, we determined the effectiveness of glutathione peroxidase in preventing both cell "death" (lactate dehydrogenase release) and more subtle alterations in cell function. The KM of glutathione peroxidase for tBOOH was 54 microM, and the Vmax was 26 nmol/min/10(6) cells in alveolar macrophages. Concentrations of tBOOH greater than 100 microM caused lactate dehydrogenase release; however, a lag greater than 30 min was observed when with 10 mM tBOOH. With 200 microM tBOOH, the rate of decrease in membrane potential, measured by 3,3'-dipentyloxacarbocyanine iodide fluorescence, inversely correlated with glutathione peroxidase. Computer-enhanced microscopy showed that this fluorescence predominately was in mitochondria. NADPH fluorescence was altered in selenium-deficient alveolar macrophages; the tBOOH-dependent rate of NADPH oxidation was slowed, and higher concentrations of tBOOH were required to disturb the steady state NADPH/NADP+ ratio. Although alteration in NADPH or glutathione oxidation can reflect oxidant stress and can adversely affect cell function, such a change does not dictate irreversible injury. Nevertheless, irreversible injury by oxidants appears to involve an overwhelming of the glutathione-NADPH antioxidant system. PMID- 3208730 TI - Interaction between oxygen and cell membranes: modification of membrane lipids to enhance pulmonary artery endothelial cell tolerance to hypoxia. AB - Because high partial pressures of oxygen (O2) can cause peroxidative cleavage of membrane lipids, it is plausible to hypothesize that hyperoxia alters the physical state and composition of lipids in the membranes of pulmonary endothelial cells and that manipulation of the lipid profile may modify endothelial cell tolerance to hyperoxic injury. To test this, porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells were exposed to 95% O2 at 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA) in the presence or absence of cis vaccenic acid (CVA), a monounsaturated fatty acid (C18:1#11). Plasma membrane fluidity was assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy, plasma membrane lipid composition was quantitated using thin layer and gas chromatography, and cytotoxicity was monitored by measuring release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Hyperoxia caused peroxidation of membrane lipids and decreased fluidity in three distinct lipid domains within the plasma membrane. Incubation with CVA was associated with a reduction in the degree of unsaturation of the constituent fatty acids within all plasma membrane lipid subclasses except monoglycerides. CVA-treated cells were also more resistant to hyperoxic injury as judged by LDH release. These results support the hypothesis that cells with membranes in which the fatty acyl chains are more resistant to the disordering effects of high O2 tensions may be more resistant to O2 toxicity. PMID- 3208731 TI - Motion sickness and motion characteristics of vessels at sea. PMID- 3208732 TI - Survey of head, helmet and headform sizes related to motorcycle helmet design. PMID- 3208733 TI - A comparison between methods of measuring anaerobic work capacity. PMID- 3208734 TI - Sequential ballistic movement. PMID- 3208735 TI - Visual evoked potentials as indicators of the workload at visual display terminals. PMID- 3208736 TI - Visual strain during VDU work: the effect of viewing distance and dark focus. PMID- 3208737 TI - Predictive strategies in eye-head co-ordination during text processing. PMID- 3208738 TI - Interaction of a DNA binding factor with the 5'-flanking region of an ethylene responsive fruit ripening gene from tomato. AB - To understand how fruit development is controlled, we have begun experiments to identify DNA sequences and proteins that regulate gene expression during tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit ripening. We have focused on the E8 gene because its transcription is responsive to ethylene hormone and is activated at the onset of fruit ripening. We report here that sequences required for ethylene-responsive and developmentally regulated E8 gene expression in transgenic tomato plants are contained on a 4.4 kb restriction fragment which includes sequences 2 kb 5' and 0.5 kb 3' to the gene. In addition, we have identified a DNA-binding factor that specifically interacts with DNA sequences that flank the E8 gene. This DNA binding activity is low in unripe fruit and increases during fruit ripening. This factor also binds to the 5'-flanking region of another ethylene-responsive gene which is coordinately expressed during tomato fruit ripening. These data suggest that the DNA binding-factor may be involved in the regulation of gene expression during fruit ripening. PMID- 3208739 TI - Nuclear scaffold attachment sites in the human globin gene complexes. AB - In an analysis of a 90-kb region around the human beta-globin gene complex we have identified at least eight sites of attachment to the nuclear scaffold (SARs). While these have many potential functions, there appears to be a particular association with sequences important in the regulation of the complex. Two SARs are close to the known enhancer-like elements of the beta-globin gene. SARs flanking the complex co-habit with the boundaries of the putative beta-like globin gene regulatory domain. In contrast, we have detected no SARs within a 140 kb region of the human alpha-globin gene complex. If SARs play a role in the regulation of gene expression then this structural difference would imply a difference in the regulation of the two complexes. PMID- 3208740 TI - RNA binding specificity of hnRNP proteins: a subset bind to the 3' end of introns. AB - The binding of hnRNP proteins to pre-mRNAs in nuclear extracts, and as isolated proteins, was studied by using monoclonal antibody immunopurification of hnRNP proteins bound to RNase T1-generated fragments. Several major hnRNP proteins, A1, C and D, bind specifically to the 3' end of introns within a region containing the conserved polypyrimidine stretch between the branch site and the 3' splice site. Mutations which alter the conserved 3' splice site dinucleotide AG strongly impair or abolish the binding of the A1 protein as well as of an anti-Sm reactive component(s) to this region. The A1, C and D proteins do not bind efficiently to fragments of either bacterial RNA or the intronless spliced product (mRNA). The binding of these proteins at the 3' end of the intron does not require addition to the extract of exogenous ATP, but remains after ATP addition. These findings demonstrate that several hnRNP proteins have RNA binding specificities on pre mRNA, and suggest a model for hnRNP particle structure and assembly. PMID- 3208741 TI - Two guanosine binding sites exist in group I self-splicing IVS RNAs. AB - A shortened form of the self-splicing rRNA intervening sequence (IVS) of Tetrahymena thermophila can catalyze a transesterification reaction, termed G exchange, between a monomeric guanosine derivative such as GTP and the substrate GpN (where N is A, C, G or U). The reaction is specific to the two guanosines involved, providing evidence that two guanosine binding sites exist in this group I IVS RNA. One binding site accommodates a guanosine which initiates self splicing and the other recognizes the guanosine preceding the 3' splice site. Previously, only one guanosine binding site was thought to be involved in the mechanism of self-splicing. Based on the two functionally distinguishable guanosine binding sites, a new model is proposed to explain how the two independent transesterification reactions required for self-splicing might proceed in a concerted manner. PMID- 3208742 TI - Glycine-rich cell wall proteins in bean: gene structure and association of the protein with the vascular system. AB - A single genomic clone (14 kb) isolated from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) contains two genes that encode glycine-rich proteins. These genes are present as single copies in the genome, are separated by 2.85 kb and encode transcripts of 1.8 kb and 1.0 kb respectively. The encoded proteins contain 60% glycine and have amino-terminal signal peptides. The 1.8 kb transcript is present in young hypocotyls and in ovary tissue. Excision-wounding transiently induced this transcript in old, but not in young hypocotyl tissue. Antibodies raised against regions of the glycine-rich protein 1.8, expressed as a lacZ fusion protein in bacteria, react with a protein of 53 kd in a protein fraction extracted from cell walls of bean ovaries. Tissue imprints of bean ovaries treated with anti-glycine rich protein antibodies showed that the glycine-rich protein was distributed in a regular pattern of small, highly localized discrete sites. The immunoreactive regions correspond to the pattern of vascular tissue in the pod. In young hypocotyls, glycine-rich protein is present at four pairs of discrete sites symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the vascular ring. These results suggest a close relationship between glycine-rich proteins and development of the vascular system. PMID- 3208743 TI - A light-entrained circadian clock controls transcription of several plant genes. AB - Diurnal oscillations in steady-state mRNA levels and transcription rates were measured for seven transcripts (five of which encode chloroplast-localized proteins) in tomato seedlings: photosystem I and photosystem II chlorophyll a/b binding proteins (CAB/I and CAB/II), small subunit of RuBisCO (RBCS), actin, subunit II of the photosystem I reaction center (PSAD), subunit I of the photosystem II oxygen-evolving enzyme (OEE1), and a biotin-binding protein of unknown function. CAB/II mRNA levels were found to oscillate greater than 20 fold, showing a peak at noon, while only marginal diurnal oscillations are seen in RBCS transcripts. The oscillations are at least partially controlled at the transcriptional level. Transcription rates of both CAB/II and RBCS, measured by nuclear run-on experiments, were found to oscillate, with a peak around 8 a.m. Transcription rates of the 'biotin' clone also oscillated, with a peak around noon. Transfer of plants to constant darkness or constant light conditions alters the amplitude of the transcriptional oscillation, but does not abolish it, suggesting that it is at least partially controlled by a circadian clock. The oscillations are still visible after three days in complete darkness, and have a period very close to 24 h. The oscillator phase can be reset by out-of-phase light treatment. PMID- 3208744 TI - Visualization of a filamentous nucleoskeleton with a 23 nm axial repeat. AB - Whether nucleoskeletons seen after extracting cells are preparative artefacts is controversial. Using an extraction method that preserves vital nuclear functions, we have visualized part of a nucleoskeleton by electron microscopy of thick resinless sections. Cells encapsulated in agarose microbeads are lysed using Triton in a physiological buffer; the agarose coat prevents aggregation and protects fragile cell contents. These extracted cells are accessible to small molecules and transcribe and replicate at rates close to those in vivo. After electroeluting most chromatin after treatment with HaeIII, a skeleton is uncovered which ramifies throughout the nucleus. Individual filaments are approximately 10 nm wide with an axial repeat of 23 nm, characteristic of intermediate filaments. PMID- 3208745 TI - Footprinting of linker histones H5 and H1 on the nucleosome. AB - DNase I has been used to footprint the linker histones H5 and H1 on the nucleosome of chicken erythrocyte chromatin. Rate constants have been derived for digestion at the principal sites of attack on chromatosome length DNA (168 bp), located about 10 bp apart, and compared with those observed for linker histone depleted chromatosomes. Complete protection was found for site S7 on the dyad axis and decreasing partial protection seen at symmetrically positioned sites on each side of S7. Strong, but not complete protection was noted at S14, the site corresponding to the end of the core particle, situated less than 1/4 of a turn away from the dyad. Uniform partial protection was observed for sites S2, S3, S4 and S10, S12 on the far side of the chromatosome. The simplest interpretation of these results is that the globular domain of H5/H1 is responsible for the protection at S7, whilst extended N- and C-domains give rise to the partial protection at sites away from the dyad axis. PMID- 3208746 TI - A new type of transforming growth factor-beta, TGF-beta 3. AB - A new type of TGF-beta, TGF-beta 3, has been identified by cDNA characterization. The amino acid sequence of mature TGF-beta 3 and its precursor has been derived from porcine and human cDNA sequences. The human TGF-beta 3 gene is spread over seven exons as in the case of the TGF-beta 1 gene. Comparison with TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2 indicates a strong conservation of the mature sequences, but a relaxed homology in the precursor segments. TGF-beta 3 mRNA is mainly expressed in cell lines from mesenchymal origin, suggesting a biological role different from the other TGFs-beta. PMID- 3208747 TI - The outline structure of the T-cell alpha beta receptor. AB - From an analysis of the immunoglobulins of known structure we derive a list of 40 sites crucial for the conserved structure of the variable domains. We show that, with marginal exceptions, the sequences of the T-cell alpha beta receptors contain, at sites homologous to these 40, the same or very similar residues. Thus the V alpha-V beta dimer has a framework structure very close to that of the immunoglobulins. Further comparisons show that parts of the surface of the V alpha-V beta framework are hypervariable. They also show that the loops that form the antigen-binding site are similar in size to those commonly found in the immunoglobulins but have different conformations. Only limited sequence variations occur in the first loop of the antigen-binding site in both V alpha and V beta. This, and their geometrical arrangement, suggest that they mainly interact with the MHC proteins. PMID- 3208748 TI - Male sterility of transgenic mice carrying exogenous mouse interferon-beta gene under the control of the metallothionein enhancer-promoter. AB - As an approach to elucidating the roles of interferon (IFN) in the normal physiology and diseases of animals, transgenic mice carrying extra mouse IFN-beta genes under the control of a mouse metallothionein I enhancer-promoter were constructed. Upon induction with Cd2+, IFN activity (15-430 IU/ml) was detected in the sera of six out of ten transgenic mouse lines so far obtained. Synthesis of mRNA of the transgene was observed in the liver, the testis and less abundantly in the brain. Interestingly, IFN mRNA was constitutively synthesized in the testis where substantial levels of IFN accumulated without heavy metal induction, whereas synthesis in the liver was mostly dependent on induction by CD2+. Since IFN activity in the serum also depended on heavy metal induction, the IFN in the serum may be produced mainly in the liver. All males expressing the IFN gene in the testis were found to be sterile. Testes were involuted and contained few mature sperm, and degeneration of spermatocytes and spermatids was observed. These findings suggest that high levels of IFN are harmful to spermatogenesis and can cause male sterility. PMID- 3208749 TI - A zinc-responsive factor interacts with a metal-regulated enhancer element (MRE) of the mouse metallothionein-I gene. AB - Heavy metal ions are effective inducers of metallothionein gene transcription. The metal response is dependent on short DNA motifs, so-called MREs (metal responsive elements) that occur in multiple copies in the promoter region of these genes. We have analysed an MRE of the mouse metallothionein-I gene (MREd) and we demonstrate that this can function over long distances as a bona fide metal ion-inducible enhancer. The transcription factor Sp1 and a zinc-inducible factor, designated MTF-1, bind to the MREd enhancer in vitro. The combined use of MREd mutants in a transient assay in HeLa cells and a competition band shift assay show that the zinc-inducible formation of the MTF-1/DNA complex in vitro correlates with zinc-inducible transcription in vivo. A chemical methylation interference assay revealed remarkably similar but non-identical guanine interference patterns for the MTF-1 and Sp1 complexes, which may mean that MTF-1 is related to the Sp1 factor. PMID- 3208750 TI - Cell-specific activity of a GGTCA half-palindromic oestrogen-responsive element in the chicken ovalbumin gene promoter. AB - Using a transient co-transfection system we have identified a functional oestrogen responsive element (ERE) in the near vicinity of the TATA box of the chicken ovalbumin gene promoter. Oestrogen induced activation of transcription was observed only in chicken embryo fibroblast cells, and not in human HeLa cells, suggesting the existence of a cell-specific transcription factor(s) that is necessary for the hormonal response. By 5'-deletion mapping and site-directed mutagenesis, a sequence encompassing the more proximal of two GGTCA half palindromic motifs was identified as a functional ovalbumin gene ERE. Both motifs correspond to oestrogen receptor binding sites in vitro as revealed by DNase I footprinting. Optimal response to the hormonal stimulus apparently requires stereoalignment of the ERE and the TATA box. PMID- 3208751 TI - Positionally exact initiation is required for the formation of a stable RNA polymerase II transcription complex in vivo. AB - The requirements for the formation of a stable transcription complex on the RNA polymerase II-transcribed Xenopus U2 snRNA gene have been analysed in vivo by oocyte microinjection experiments. The two elements of the U2 promoter which are located in the 5' flanking region of the gene, the DSE and the PSE, are shown to be essential but not sufficient for stable complex formation. Two additional elements are required. The first is a short gene-internal sequence; the second is the nucleotide at the normal point of initiation, which must be a purine. If this nucleotide is changed to a pyrimidine the site of initiation is altered and, concomitantly, the transcription complex formed on the mutant template remains unstable. These results suggest that there is a distinct topological requirement for complex formation which may involve an exact stereospecific alignment of RNA polymerase II with transcription factors bound to the promoter. Despite the apparent involvement of RNA polymerase, transcription per se is not required for complex stability. PMID- 3208752 TI - Wheat germ splicing endonuclease is highly specific for plant pre-tRNAs. AB - Intron-containing pre-tRNAs from organisms as different as yeast, Nicotiana, Xenopus and man are efficiently spliced and processed in a HeLa cell extract. They are also correctly processed in a wheat germ extract; however, the intron is removed only from the tobacco pre-tRNA. To determine whether plant pre-tRNA introns have any specific structural and/or sequence feature we have cloned two intron-containing tRNATyr genes from the plant Arabidopsis. Comparison of these genes, of the Nicotiana tRNATyr gene and of a Glycine max tRNAMet gene reveals that plant introns from three different species have no sequence homology and are only 11 to 13 nucleotides long. Thus, short length may be one important feature of plant introns. Furthermore, the 5' and 3' splice sites are separated by 4 bp in the extended anticodon stems of these pre-tRNA structures. In contrast, yeast and vertebrate introns are rather variable in length and the splice sites are separated by 5 or 6 bp. These differences in distance and relative helical orientation of the splice sites in plant pre-tRNAs versus pre-tRNAs from other organisms are obviously tolerated by the vertebrate splicing endonuclease, but not at all by the plant enzyme. PMID- 3208753 TI - The Xenopus laevis mitochondrial protein mtDBP-C cooperatively folds the DNA in vitro. AB - The binding of the Xenopus laevis mitochondrial protein mtDBP-C to DNA was studied by equilibrium density banding, agarose gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. The results obtained show that the mtDBP-C binds cooperatively to DNA irrespective of whether the DNA is supercoiled, relaxed or linear and it induces the formation of superhelical turns locally leading to the formation of a highly folded structure. It appears that this protein could be involved in the compaction of DNA in the mitochondrial nucleoid. PMID- 3208754 TI - Interspecific comparison of the period gene of Drosophila reveals large blocks of non-conserved coding DNA. AB - We have cloned and sequenced the coding region of the period (per) gene from Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. virilis. A comparison with that of D. melanogaster reveals that the conceptual translation products consist of interspersed blocks of conserved and non-conserved amino acid sequence. The non conserved portion, comprising approximately 33% of the protein sequence, includes the perfect Thr-Gly repeat of D. melanogaster, which is absent from the D. pseudoobscura and D. virilis proteins. Based on these observations and cross species transformation experiments, we suggest that the interspecific variability in the per primary amino acid sequence contributes to the control of species specific behaviors. PMID- 3208755 TI - The period gene of Drosophila carries species-specific behavioral instructions. AB - We have analyzed and compared the circadian locomotor activity rhythms of Drosophila melanogaster and D.pseudoobscura. The rhythms of D.pseudoobscura are stronger and the periods shorter than those of D.melanogaster. We have also transformed D.melanogaster flies with a hybrid gene containing the coding region of the D.pseudoobscura period (per) gene. Behavioral assays of flies containing this hybrid gene show that the per protein encoded by the D.pseudoobscura per gene is able to rescue the rhythmic deficiencies of arrhythmic, pero1 D.melanogaster. More important, the rhythms of some of these strains are stronger and the periods shorter than those of D.melanogaster (and those of transformants which carry the equivalent D.melanogaster per gene construct) and hence resemble those of D.pseudoobscura. The results suggest that the primary amino acid sequence of the per gene encodes species-specific behavioral instructions that are detectable when only the per gene is transferred to a different species. PMID- 3208756 TI - A mycoplasma high-affinity transport system and the in vitro invasiveness of mouse sarcoma cells. AB - FS9 mouse sarcoma cells were previously shown to be highly invasive when confronted with chicken heart fibroblasts using Abercrombie's confronted explant technique. This invasion could be inhibited by addition to the assay of Fab fragments of a monoclonal antibody directed against p37, a protein associated with the surface of FS9 cells. We have cloned and sequenced the gene for p37. We show that it originates from Mycoplasma hyorhinis and that UGA is a tryptophan codon in this organism. We present evidence that the p37 gene is part of an operon encoding two additional proteins which are highly similar to components of the periplasmic binding-protein-dependent transport systems of Gram-negative bacteria, and we suggest that p37 is part of a homologous, high-affinity transport system in M. hyorhinis, a Gram-positive bacterium. We discuss the influence of p37 and M. hyorhinis on contact inhibition of locomotion of mammalian cells. PMID- 3208758 TI - The Escherichia coli LexA repressor-operator system works in mammalian cells. AB - We have demonstrated the use of the Escherichia coli LexA repressor-operator system to down-regulate gene expression in mouse cells. The LexA gene was placed downstream of the RSVLTR promoter with polyadenylation and splice signals from SV40. This expression unit was introduced into mouse Ltk- cells by calcium phosphate transfection and stable transfectants selected which express LexA protein. We have used the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (CAT) as our reporter gene. Transcription of this gene was driven by the HSV tk promoter, into which we have introduced one or two synthetic LexA operator sequences in various positions throughout the promoter. Necessary 3' signals were from the HSV tk gene. Repression by LexA was assessed by comparing the transient expression of tkCAT target constructs, containing LexA operator sequences in the promoter, in cells expressing LexA protein with that in control cells not expressing the repressor. We have observed up to 10-fold repression of CAT expression in LexA+ cells from promoters containing LexA operator sequences. PMID- 3208757 TI - Evidence for high affinity binding-protein dependent transport systems in gram positive bacteria and in Mycoplasma. AB - Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by two membranes. In these bacteria, a class of high affinity transport systems for concentrating substrates from the medium into the cell, involves a binding protein located between the outer and inner membranes, in the periplasmic region. These 'periplasmic binding-proteins' are thought to bind the substrate in the vicinity of the inner membrane, and to transfer it to a complex of inner membrane proteins for concentration into the cytoplasm. We report evidence leading us to propose that a Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and a mycoplasma, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, which are surrounded by a single membrane and have therefore no periplasmic region, possess an equivalent to the high affinity periplasmic binding-protein dependent transport systems, i.e. extra-cytoplasmic binding lipoprotein dependent transport systems. The 'binding lipoproteins' would be maintained at proximity of the inner membrane by insertion of their N-terminal glyceride-cysteine into this membrane. PMID- 3208759 TI - Enhancer-independent mutants of the Cin recombinase have a relaxed topological specificity. AB - Cin is a member of the hin family of complementing site-specific recombinases which regulate the alternate expression of genes by inverting DNA segments. Common characteristics of this family of recombination systems are the requirement for an enhancer-like element in cis and the specificity for inversely oriented recombination sites on the same DNA molecule. We have isolated two mutants of the Cin recombinase which will efficiently recombine a substrate lacking the enhancer. In addition, these mutant proteins also catalyse efficient recombination between sites in direct orientation or on different DNA molecules. Both mutations are due to single amino acid substitutions at different positions in the protein and the two mutants have slightly different phenotypes. The finding that the loss of enhancer dependence is coupled to a change in topological specificity leads us to conclude that the enhancer determines the specificity of the system for DNA inversion. PMID- 3208761 TI - Nomenclature of tetrapyrroles. Recommendations 1986 IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN). PMID- 3208760 TI - A threonine to alanine exchange at position 40 of Tet repressor alters the recognition of the sixth base pair of tet operator from GC to AT. AB - The tet operators of two naturally evolved tetracycline resistance determinants differ by a G.C to A.T transition at the sixth base pair. This mutation prevents heterologous recognition of these tet operators by their respective two Tet repressor proteins. The amino acid side chains responsible for this sequence specific distinction of operators were determined. For this purpose in vitro recombinants of the two tetR genes were constructed. Restriction sites were introduced by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in both genes followed by the exchange of different coding segments between them. The encoded chimeric Tet repressor proteins were expressed and their operator recognition specificity was scored in vivo. Exchanging gradually smaller coding segments led finally to a single amino acid exchange in both genes at position 40 of the primary structures. Each Tet repressor containing Thr at this position recognizes the G.C operator while those with Ala recognize the A.T operator regardless of the rest of the sequences. This result demonstrates clearly that the amino acid 40 of Tet repressor contacts and recognizes base pair 6 of tet operator. Sterical interference of the large Thr side chain with the methyl group of A.T and a possible involvement of the hydroxyl in hydrogen bonding to the operator are discussed as the molecular basis of this differentiation between A.T and G.C base pairs. PMID- 3208762 TI - Infrared spectroscopic studies of Acholeplasma laidlawaii B membranes. Comparison of the gel to liquid-crystal phase transition in intact cells and isolated membranes. AB - The physical state of the membrane lipids in the plasma membranes of intact, live Acholeplasma laidlawii B cells was probed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and compared with that in isolated membranes. Infrared spectra of live A. laidlawii B cells, enriched biosynthetically in the presence of avidin, with saturated deuterated and unsaturated non-deuterated fatty acids have been recorded at a variety of temperatures. The results indicate that within the temperature range of the gel to liquid-crystal phase transition, the live cells are able to keep the 'fluidity' of their plasma membranes at a considerably higher value compared to that in the isolated membranes at the same temperature. While this is a generally valid observation, the degree by which live and isolated membranes differ in their liquid-crystal-phase content at a given temperature depends on the nature of the exogenous fatty acid and the temperature of growth. PMID- 3208763 TI - Fidelity of aminoacylation by rat-liver tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. Effect of age. AB - The possibility of change in the rate of misrecognition of amino acids by rat liver tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase during aging was investigated. Frequency of misrecognition of phenylalanine vs tyrosine was determined at two temperatures by competitive assay using partially purified enzymes. At 25 degrees C, the error frequencies were 5.17 x 10(-8) and 8.24 x 10(-8) in young and old animals, respectively. These values are much below the reported error frequencies for the prokaryotic enzymes: i.e. approximately 5 x 10(-6). Although the fidelity of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from old animals appeared to be slightly lower, the difference was not statistically significant. At 37 degrees C, the error frequencies were increased 1.3-1.5-fold, but again the difference between young and old animals was not significant. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which fidelity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase of animals of various ages has been compared using natural amino acids. PMID- 3208764 TI - Isolation and characterization of the bovine kappa-casein gene. AB - 1. The bovine kappa-casein gene has been isolated as a series of overlapping lambda clones and shown to consist of five exons distributed over a total length of approximately 13 kb. Most of the mature protein-coding sequence is contained in a single large exon. 2. Approximately 65% of the gene has been sequenced together with portions of the 5'- and 3'-flanking sequences. The immediate 5' flanking sequence contains several motifs which are characteristic of upstream regions including a TATA box, a CAAT box, a sequence similar to that recognized by transcription factor AP-1 and a purine-rich sequence resembling that found upstream in all other lactoprotein genes. Other possible regulatory sequences are found upstream of exon 4. 3. The organization of the kappa-casein gene, together with its upstream sequence, confirms previous conclusions that it is unrelated to the calcium-sensitive-casein gene family to which it is linked. Evidence is presented which supports a previous suggestion that kappa-casein and the fibrinogens are evolutionarily related. 4. Intron sequences contain several examples of the A family of the artiodactyl Alu-like repeated sequences, together with a single example of a C-family sequence. The remainders of the introns of the kappa-casein gene, compared with the repeat elements and exons, are A + T rich. 5. Among the lambda clones isolated, representatives were found of the A and B genetic variants which can be distinguished by restriction-enzyme analysis. Several other examples of polymorphisms in the non-coding region were found. PMID- 3208765 TI - Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin. The amino acid sequence of subunit b and anomalous behaviour of subunits a and b on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. AB - The primary structure of subunit b of Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin has been derived from two digests (trypsin and CNBr) and, in some cases, with aid from the similarity with the sequence of subunit a. Differences between the amidation states of Asx and Glx residues in subunit b relative to a were investigated more thoroughly. When compared to the sequence of subunit a, 18 differences (2.7%) were found and certain heterogeneities, indicating the presence of a minor subunit b', were observed. Several differences in properties between subunits a and b, including their anomalous behaviour on SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, could be explained by amino acid replacements. PMID- 3208766 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of the neurone-specific gamma isozyme of enolase (NSE) from human brain and comparison with the non-neuronal alpha form (NNE). AB - The complete amino acid sequence (433 residues) of the human neurone-specific gamma isozyme of enolase (NSE) has been determined by a combination of direct amino acid sequencing and nucleotide sequencing of cloned cDNA. Substantial amino acid sequence of the non-neuronal alpha form of the enzyme was also obtained which agreed almost entirely with the indirect cDNA sequence. Comparison of the two human sequences shows no insertions or deletions, but 72 replacements. Comparison of the human gamma form with the corresponding isozyme from the rat shows only 7 replacements (compared to 27 changes between the human and rat alpha isozymes). We have identified regions of sequence difference between the human alpha and gamma forms that are mainly hydrophilic in character (residues 271-285, 298-316 and 416-433). These residues are on the surface of the three-dimensional structure and could be useful as immunogens to produce antibodies specific for the neurone-specific form. PMID- 3208767 TI - NMR studies of the conformations of leghemoglobins from soybean and lupin. AB - Phase-sensitive two-dimensional NMR methods have been used to obtain extensive proton resonance assignments for the carbon monoxide complexes of lupin leghemoglobins I and II and soybean leghemoglobin a. The assigned resonances provide information on the solution conformations of the proteins, particularly in the vicinity of the heme. The structure of the CO complex of lupin leghemoglobin II in solution is compared with the X-ray crystal structure of the cyanide complex by comparison of observed and calculated ring current shifts. The structures are generally very similar but significant differences are observed for the ligand contact residues, Phe30, His63 and Val67, and for the proximal His97 ligand. Certain residues are disordered and adopt two interconverting conformations in lupin leghemoglobin II in solution. The proximal heme pocket structure is closely conserved in the lupin leghemoglobins I and II but small differences in conformation in the distal heme pocket are apparent. Larger conformational differences are observed when comparisons are made with the CO complex of soybean leghemoglobin. Altered protein-heme packing is indicated on the proximal side of the heme and some conformational differences are evident in the distal heme pocket. The small conformational differences between the three leghemoglobins probably contribute to the known differences in their O2 and CO association and dissociation kinetics. The heme pocket conformations of the three leghemoglobins are more closely related to each other than to sperm whale myoglobin. The most notable differences between the leghemoglobins and myoglobin are: (a) reduced steric crowding of the ligand binding site in the leghemoglobins, (b) different orientations of the distal histidine, and (c) small but significant differences in proximal histidine coordination geometry. These changes probably contribute to the large differences in ligand binding kinetics between the leghemoglobins and myoglobin. PMID- 3208768 TI - Fluorescence-quenching-resolved spectra of fluorophores in mixtures and micellar solutions. AB - The application of a new fluorescence-quenching-resolved spectroscopic method [Wasylewski, Z., Koloczek, H. and Wasniowska, A. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. 172, 719 724] for resolving fluorescence emission spectra of a mixture of fluorophores into components is described. Contrary to fluorescence lifetime measurements, in this method the overlapping spectra can be decomposed even if the components have similar or the same fluorescence lifetimes, but differ in bimolecular-rate quenching constants. Using this technique, we have resolved the emission spectra of a two-component mixture of fluorescein and riboflavin, which have very similar fluorescence lifetimes. To illustrate the utility of this approach in the study of fluorophores in compartmentalized biological systems such as lipid bilayers, we have also used the method to resolve the emission spectra of a two-component mixture of fluorophores commonly used in biological studies which undergo partition between water and a micellar phase. PMID- 3208769 TI - Low-density-lipoprotein-receptor mRNA content of fibroblasts from normal and familial hypercholesterolaemic subjects. AB - The amount of mRNA for the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor in cultured human fibroblasts was estimated by hybridization of the poly(A)-rich RNA fraction with a DNA probe, using the recovery of beta-actin mRNA to correct for losses. During incubation of the cells with lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS) both the LDL-receptor mRNA content and the rate of receptor protein synthesis increased fourfold during the first 16 h and then fell by approximately 50% during the next 24 h. The content of beta-actin mRNA fell by a similar amount, so that the ratio of receptor/beta-actin mRNAs rose and then remained constant. The fall in beta actin mRNA content during incubation with LPDS was not prevented by the addition of cholesterol to the medium. In cells from a homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemic (FH) subject that bound 20% of the normal amount of LDL, the content of LDL-receptor mRNA and the changes during incubation with LPDS or free sterols were similar to normal. Cells from a familial hypercholesterolaemic subject that produced no immunodetectable receptor protein produced a small amount of receptor mRNA of apparently normal size which responded in the same way as in normal cells to LPDS and free sterols. PMID- 3208770 TI - Erythrocyte adducin. Comparison of the alpha- and beta-subunits and multiple-site phosphorylation by protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. AB - Two major substrates for human erythrocyte protein kinase C (PK-C) of Mr 120,000 and 110,000, previously named PKC-1 and PKC-2 [Palfrey, H. C. & Waseem, A. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 16021-16029] have been found to be identical to CaM-BP 103/97 or 'adducin', recently described by K. Gardner and V. Bennett [(1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 1339-1348; (1987) Nature (Lond.) 328, 359-362]. These proteins have been purified from the membrane skeleton by high-salt extraction, ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The two proteins co-fractionate in a ratio of approximately 1:1 under a number of conditions suggesting that they exist as a complex. Physicochemical data indicate that the native adducin complex is probably an asymmetric heterodimer of alpha and beta subunits. Adducin binds to a calmodulin (CaM) affinity matrix in a Ca2+-dependent manner and is specifically eluted with EGTA. Fingerprinting of the iodinated peptides derived from the alpha and beta subunits using three different proteases yields 16-37% overlapping peptides, indicating limited similarity between the two polypeptides. Affinity purified polyclonal antibodies against each protein show little or no cross reactivity with the other, indicating that the beta subunit is not derived from the alpha subunit or vice versa. Proteins reactive with both anti-(alpha-adducin) and anti-(beta-adducin) antibodies are found in erythrocytes from rat, rabbit, pig, ferret and duck. Immunoblots of adducin after non-ionic detergent extraction of ghosts reveal that a significant fraction of the protein may associate with non-skeleton membrane components. The phosphorylation of adducin is stimulated by both phorbol esters and cAMP analogues in intact erythrocytes. Fingerprinting suggests that protein kinase C preferentially phosphorylates four distinct sites on the two proteins. Phosphopeptide maps of alpha-adducin are virtually identical to those of beta-adducin after phorbol ester stimulation of intact cells, or after PK-C-catalyzed phosphorylation of the purified protein, indicating strong local similarities in the two proteins. Such maps also suggest that cAMP dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) modifies adducin at some similar and some distinct sites as those modified by PK-C. In vitro phosphorylation of isolated adducin by purified PK-C results in rapid incorporation of phosphate to a final level of approximately 1.5 mol/mol in both alpha and beta subunits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3208771 TI - Prevention of coronary heart disease: how far is the Belgian population from the recommended nutritional goals and ideal serum cholesterol levels? AB - For 15 years, recommendations concerning the primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) have been made by international bodies or national agencies. In a national Belgian nutritional study (the B.I.R.N.H. Study), the authors review how far the Belgian population is from the recommended nutritional goals and ideal serum cholesterol. They also make comparisons between genders and look at differences according to the linguistic background (French- or Dutch-speaking subjects). Only a small percentage of the Belgian population reach the nutritional goals for total fat intake in males (8.4%) and females (7%), saturated fat intake (7.0% and 6.2%, respectively), and P/S ratio (13.5% and 12.4%, respectively). The percentages reaching nutritional goals are somewhat higher for polyunsaturated fat intake (27.9% and 28.6%, respectively) and dietary cholesterol (39.4% and 54.6%, respectively). A total of 29.9% of the male population, and 32.7% of the female population are at 'high risk' of CHD according to their serum cholesterol levels. In general the results are better for the Dutch-speaking population than for their French-speaking counterparts. In conclusion, despite modifications in eating patterns and a decrease in CHD mortality in Belgium during the 1970s, a very high percentage of males and females are still far from the recommended nutritional goals and ideal serum cholesterol levels. PMID- 3208772 TI - Results of serial coronary angiography in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. AB - We studied the progression of coronary angiographic findings in a series of 10 patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. All patients had medical treatment; six had additional surgical treatment. They were followed over a period of 2-10 years (mean follow-up five years). Three types of evolution were observed: (a) normal coronary angiography with no development of any lesion over a period of eight years in two young patients; (b) regression of proximal coronary stenoses in three patients, and (c) progression of coronary angiographic status in five patients. A different evolution of proximal and distal segment lesions was observed; while more than two-thirds of proximal segments stenoses improved and no proximal lesion increased with a 45% decrease in plasma cholesterol level, no improvement was obtained at the distal level. Distal lesions tended to increase and new lesions appeared in spite of a major plasma cholesterol level reduction. When early treatment results in a cholesterol plasma level decrease of more than 45% and a level of about 4 g l-1 over a very long period of time, the coronary prognosis may be good. PMID- 3208773 TI - Effects of cold on ST amplitudes and blood pressure during exercise in angina pectoris. AB - To investigate the mechanisms of cold susceptibility in angina pectoris nine male angina patients were studied. All were cold susceptible by history and had developed ischaemic ST changes during a previous exercise test. The patients underwent two additional bicycle exercise tests, one in a cold chamber with an average temperature of -8 degrees C, and the other at room temperature. The ECG was computer analysed and the intra-arterial blood pressure was measured. No significant decrease in work capacity was found during exercise in the cold chamber. In the cold, systolic blood pressure was consistently higher throughout the test and in seven of nine subjects ST depression was more pronounced at corresponding workloads. ST depression was also analysed versus heart work which was assessed as rate pressure product. In the cold, 1 mm ST depression appeared at a somewhat higher rate pressure product when compared to room temperature. It was concluded, therefore, that an augmented heart work, secondary to substantial increases in blood pressure, appears to account for the cold-induced increase in ST depression found in the angina patients in this study. PMID- 3208774 TI - Characteristics of transient ischaemic episodes in patients with silent and symptomatic exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia. AB - To evaluate transient ischaemic episodes during daily life in patients with coronary artery disease and exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia, 38 patients underwent ambulatory ST-segment monitoring over 48 h. Sixteen patients had painless ischaemia during exercise and occasional angina, and 12 patients had symptomatic ischaemia and frequent angina during daily life. Ten patients with proven coronary artery disease but normal exercise electrocardiograms served as controls. The extent of coronary artery lesions and the prevalence of myocardial infarction were similar in all groups. ST-segment monitoring revealed 817 min and 98 episodes of ST depression in 13/16 patients of the asymptomatic group and 111 min and 21 episodes in 5/12 patients of the symptomatic group (P less than 0.03). Subjective scores for physical activity during Holter monitoring were significantly higher in the first group than in the second. The majority of ischaemic episodes in both groups was asymptomatic. No ischaemic ST changes occurred in control patients. Results indicate a higher frequency of transient ischaemic episodes related to a higher level of physical activity in patients with silent ischaemia than in patients with symptomatic exercise-induced ischaemia. PMID- 3208775 TI - The role of collateral blood supply in ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction. AB - The hypothesis that collateral or anterograde blood supply to an infarcted area maintains blood supply to cells responsible for ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction was studied in six patients. All patients had suffered a myocardial infarction and developed spontaneous episodes of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. The arrhythmia was paroxysmal in three patients and incessant in the other three. During ventricular tachycardia iced isotonic saline (10 ml in approximately 4 s) was injected first in the coronary artery ostia and thereafter superselectively in the coronary artery providing collateral or anterograde blood supply to the infarcted area. A 2.5-F catheter was used superselectively to catheterize coronary arteries of approximately 2-3 mm lumen for that purpose. Three patients had anterograde blood supply to the infarcted area through a reperfused infarct-related vessel. Two patients had only collateral retrograde blood supply to the infarcted region. One patient had both anterograde and retrograde collateral blood supply to the area of infarction. Ventricular tachycardia was not terminated in any patient during non-selective injection of iced saline in the coronary ostia. In five of the six patients ventricular tachycardia was terminated by the superselective administration of iced saline. The morphology of ventricular tachycardia was changed many times, but did not terminate, in the remaining patient. Termination or change in morphology was achieved during administration of iced saline through collateral vessels in two patients through the coronary artery supplying anterograde flow in three patients and both through collaterals and anterograde flow in the remaining patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208776 TI - Interatrial conduction block and retrograde activation of the left atrium and paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. AB - We studied 16 patients with electrocardiographic evidence of advanced interatrial block and retrograde activation of the left atrium (P greater than or equal to 0.12 s, and diphasic (+/-) P waves in leads II, III, and VF). Eight patients had valvular heart disease, four had dilated cardiomyopathy and four had other forms of heart disease. Patients with valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy were compared with a control group of 22 patients with similar clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, but without this type of interatrial block. Patients with advanced interatrial block and retrograde activation of the left atrium had a much higher incidence of paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (93.7%) during follow-up than did the control group, (27.7%) (P less than 0.001). Eleven of 16 patients (68.7%) with advanced interatrial block and retrograde activation of left atrium had atrial flutter (atypical in seven cases, typical in two cases, and with two or more morphologies in two cases). Six patients from the control group (27.7%) had sustained atrial tachyarrhythmias (five atrial fibrillation and one typical atrial flutter). The atrial tachyarrhythmias were due more to advanced interatrial block and retrograde activation of left atrium and frequent atrial extrasystoles than to left atrial enlargement, because the control group with a left atrium of the same size, but without advanced interatrial block and retrograde activation of left atrium and with less incidence of atrial extrasystoles, had a much lower incidence of paroxysmal tachycardia. PMID- 3208777 TI - Induction of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia at rest and during exercise with transoesophageal atrial pacing in the electrophysiological evaluation of asymptomatic athletes with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Even today there is controversy as regards the best approach to asymptomatic or slightly symptomatic athletes with the WPW syndrome as regards fitness for sports activity, especially in some countries where the doctor is responsible for certifying sports fitness. This study concerns 84 asymptomatic or slightly symptomatic athletes (66 males, 18 females, mean age 21.7 years, range 12-44 years) who underwent a stimulation protocol the end-point of which was the induction of atrial fibrillation (or, if not possible, atrial tachyarrhythmia) in the basal state and during bicycle stress test with transesophageal atrial pacing. The 81 athletes in whom the end-point was reached were divided into two groups: Group I includes the 32 athletes with the shortest R-R interval between pre-excited beats less than or equal to 240 ms in the basal state and/or less than or equal to 210 ms during bicycle ergometer test, Group II includes the other 49 patients. The evaluation during exercise was not carried out in four athletes because of serious haemodynamic compromise due to the arrhythmia induced in the basal state. Only 21/32 athletes would have been included in Group I if only evaluated in the basal state. In 30/81 athletes (37%), there was discrepancy between the result of stimulation and the result of the usual non-invasive evaluation (Holter monitoring, ergometric stress test, ajmaline test). On average, 40 min are required for the performance of the study protocol except when the induced arrhythmia lasts more than 5 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208778 TI - Impaired vagal heart rate control in aortic valve stenosis. AB - Impaired reflex control of heart rate seems to be associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death. To assess the effect of aortic valve stenosis on parasympathetic heart rate control we measured the heart rate responses to deep breathing and to standing up, non-invasive measures of cardiac parasympathetic activity, in 24 patients with valvular aortic stenosis and in 24 healthy asymptomatic subjects of the same age group. All but one of the patients were symptomatic and the mean aortic valve pressure gradients ranged from 32 to 114 mmHg. The heart rate response to deep breathing was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in valve patients than in the healthy subjects. The heart rate changes evoked by standing up, however, did not differ significantly between the groups. The heart rate response to deep breathing was inversely weakly related to the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = -0.41, P less than 0.05), but not significantly to the aortic valve pressure gradient, valve area, left ventricular ejection fraction or presence of coronary artery disease. Our results suggest that the impairment of reflex heart rate control is common in patients with significant aortic valve stenosis. PMID- 3208779 TI - Termination of re-entrant ventricular tachycardia by subthreshold stimulus applied to the zone of slow conduction. AB - A 52-year-old female patient developed recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia during the first week after left ventricular aneurysmectomy. The patient had no history of ventricular tachycardia preoperatively. As her tachycardias proved to be resistant to several antiarrhythmic drugs, catheter ablation was considered. To define the site of origin of ventricular tachycardia, endocardial catheter mapping and pace-mapping were performed. In addition, the response to single premature stimuli applied during ventricular tachycardia was assessed. At a site in the basal portion of the antero-septal area of the left ventricle, early presystolic endocardial activity during ventricular tachycardia was found. Continuous pacing as well as premature stimulation from that site showed a marked delay between the stimulus artefacts and the induced QRS complexes. The stimulus-induced QRS complexes were identical to QRS complexes of spontaneous and induced ventricular tachycardia. At very short critical coupling intervals of single premature stimuli that did not capture the ventricles (non propagated stimuli), ventricular tachycardia was reproducibly terminated. These findings are explained by assuming that the catheter was located within the zone of slow conduction of the re-entrant circuit, possibly in its proximal portion. PMID- 3208780 TI - Iatrogenic left main coronary artery stenosis following aortic valve replacement. AB - A case of severe iatrogenic fibrous left main coronary artery stenosis following aortic valve replacement (Hall-Kaster prosthesis) is documented clinically, angiographically and histologically. Reported histological data of this rare complication of valve replacement are reviewed. The onset of ischaemic symptoms in the first six months after valve replacement is highly suggestive of iatrogenic coronary artery stenosis, and urgent coronary angiography is recommended. PMID- 3208781 TI - Prinzmetal's angina during cyclophosphamide therapy. AB - The first case of cyclophosphamide-induced myocardial ischaemia with electrocardiographically documented ST-segment elevation, T-wave inversion, arrhythmias, angina pectoris and cardiac decompensation is reported. The data suggest that cyclophosphamides induces myocardial ischaemia by eliciting coronary artery spasm. PMID- 3208782 TI - A breathing lung phantom for 81mKr lung ventilation studies its use in dosimetry and quality control. AB - The construction of a breathing lung phantom that can be used to measure the amount of radioactive gas in the lungs as well as to determine the absorbed dose is described. For a lung ventilation study that consists of 6 views of 300 kcnts each, an effective dose equivalent of 50 microSv was calculated. The phantom is also suitable for comparison of different generator systems. PMID- 3208783 TI - Investigation into the effect of Fenoterol on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis. AB - We investigated the effect of Fenoterol, a selective beta 2 adrenoceptor stimulant, on mucociliary clearance in 12 patients with chronic bronchitis. Mucociliary clearance was measured with a scintillation camera after inhalation of a 99mTc labelled aerosol. Fenoterol was administered one h after acquisition commenced and imaging was maintained for a further two h. Three regions of interest (ROI) were selected over each lung to generate time activity curves. Corrections for decay, alveolar deposition (using 24 h image), cough and movement of activity through each ROI were carried out. An exponential function was fitted to the clearance curves to determine clearance rates. The increase in percentage clearance after Fenoterol administration for the left and right whole lung ROI was 35% and 36% per h respectively (P = 0.006 and 0.020). Fenoterol enhances cilial clearance in chronic bronchitis patients. PMID- 3208785 TI - Scintigraphic detection of sinusitis. AB - Radionuclide scintigraphy is useful in the diagnosis of sinusitis. Three cases are described, using different radionuclide agents (99mTc-MDP, 67Ga-citrate and 111In-leukocytes) in which sinusitis was discovered, though clinically unsuspected. The advantages and limitations of these agents are briefly reviewed. PMID- 3208784 TI - Lung water measurements with iodo-antipyrine. AB - 131I labeled iodo-antipyrine and 99mTc labeled erythrocytes were used to measure water content in lungs. These radioactive tracers were injected into 10 rabbits with normal lungs and 11 rabbits with injured lungs. Blood samples were drawn and the subjects were killed. The lungs were removed, weighed and homogenized. Samples of blood and lung homogenate were assayed for 131I and 99mTc. Samples were also weighed before and after drying to a constant weight at 70-75 degrees C. Extravascular lung water was determined by the dual isotope technique and again by gravimetric analysis. The average ratio of the results from the 2 different methods is 1.03 +/- 0.15. The 2 methods were compared by regression analysis and the correlation coefficient was 0.92 +/- 0.09. Our investigation suggests the possibility of measurement of lung water with equilibrium distribution of iodo-antipyrine. PMID- 3208786 TI - Air kerma rate constants for radionuclides. AB - Conversion to SI units requires that the exposure rate constant which was usually quoted in R.h-1.mCi-1.cm2 be replaced by the air kerma rate constant with units m2.Gy.Bq-1.s-1. The conversion factor is derived and air kerma rate constants for 30 radionuclides used in nuclear medicine and brachytherapy are listed. A table for calculation of air kerma rates for other radionuclides is also given. To calculate absorbed dose to tissue, the air kerma rate has to be multiplied by approximately 1.1. A dose equivalent rate constant is thus listed which allows direct calculation of dose equivalent rate to soft tissue without resorting to exposure rate constants tabulated in the special units R.m2.mCi-1.h-1 which should no longer be used. PMID- 3208787 TI - Detection of muscular ventricular septal defect by the phase image. AB - A case of muscular ventricular septal defect shown by the phase image derived from Fourier analysis of gated equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography is presented. The diagnostic feature of the defect on the phase image was a marked phase delay localized mainly in the trabecular portion of the right ventricle. This characteristic finding seemed to be caused by the left to right shunt flow through the defect located in the muscular portion of the interventricular septum. PMID- 3208788 TI - Comments on: "Changes in pulmonary mean transit time demonstrated by the scintigraphic first pass technique in patients receiving radiation therapy". PMID- 3208789 TI - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of metabolites of dipyrone in saliva. AB - Metabolites of dipyrone have been determined in the saliva of 18 volunteers following the oral intake of 0.5 g, 1.0 g, 1.5 g, 2.0 g and 2.5 g dipyrone. High concentrations were measured for N-methyl-aminoantipyrine (MAA), the other analgetic active metabolite, 4-aminoantipyrine was found in minor quantities only. N-formyl-antipyrine was not present in the saliva of some volunteers after low doses but could be determined following the intake of doses from 1.5 g - 2.5 g in saliva of all volunteers. N-acetyl-antipyrine appears late in saliva, acetylation rates varied greatly interindividually. Concentrations of the metabolites in saliva mimic the respective non-protein bound fraction in plasma found by other authors. PMID- 3208790 TI - Isolation and characterization of the urinary metabolites of arbaprostil in the male dog after intravenous administration. AB - The profile of urinary metabolites of 3H-arbaprostil was characterized in the male dog after intravenous administration. The major metabolites were purified and their structures deduced by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) studies after conversion to the methyl ester-methoxime-trimethylsilyl ether derivatives, aided by GC with simultaneous radioactivity monitoring. The identified metabolites accounted for 96% of the urinary excretion products. beta Oxidation of the carboxy side-chain of arbaprostil to 15-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetranor PGE1, via the 15-methyl-2,3-dinor PGE2 intermediate, appeared to be the most significant metabolic pathway. In contrast to the rat, the following were observed in the dog: glucuronic acid conjugation of the 15-methyl-2,3,4,5 tetranor PGE, and PGA metabolites; detection of the 15-methyl-2,3-dinor PGE2 intermediate; absence of 19-hydroxyl-15-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetranor PGA, and PGB metabolites; oxidation at C-20; and excretion of some parent drug. PMID- 3208791 TI - The effect of induction with phenobarbital on the kinetics and bioavailability of antipyrine in the dog. AB - In dogs, the chronic administration of 400 mg/d of phenobarbital produced peak plasma concentrations of 78 micrograms/ml which so markedly induced the metabolism of antipyrine that the conventional schemes by which antipyrine kinetics assess induction were rendered invalid. The bioavailability of antipyrine was only 20% due to first-pass metabolism. Induction raised the observed antipyrine clearance to 31 ml/min/kg, a value approaching hepatic blood flow. If one assumes antipyrine was an ideal test compound, one would calculate that metabolism was induced by a factor of 3.8. Acknowledging that antipyrine is nonideal, one can calculate a correct induction factor of 13.6. Oral, rather than intravenous, antipyrine is the metabolism test of choice under these conditions. PMID- 3208793 TI - A central venous catheter for long-term studies on drug effects and pharmacokinetics in Munich minipigs. AB - We have developed an implantable venous catheter for repeated blood sampling in the Munich minipig. The catheter consists of silicone tubing, with a polyesterfibre net for fixation in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck. It was introduced into the right jugular vein, and its tip was positioned in the right atrium. The extravascular part of the catheter was tunnelled subcutaneously to the exit point in the subscapular region. In order to avoid contamination of the silicone tubing by drugs, intravenous administrations were performed via a second polyethylene catheter inserted into the implanted catheter. In 9 minipigs, the catheter remained patent for an average of 200 days (maximum 515 days). The animals did not show any signs of discomfort or impaired health. PMID- 3208792 TI - Incorporation of chlorpromazine into bilayer liposomes for protection against microsomal metabolism and liver absorption. AB - Chlorpromazine (CPZ) was incorporated into bilayer liposomes carrying negative charges either from phosphatidic acid (PA) or from phosphatidyl inositol (PI). CPZ incorporation was dependent on the amount of negatively charged lipid present in the liposomes. At a concentration of 0.6 mol parts phosphatidic acid as referred to egg phosphatidyl choline (EPC) as matrix lipid, 80 micrograms CPZ/mg EPC were stably incorporated. At the saturation concentration a 1:1 molar complex between the phenothiazine drug and the negatively charged lipid is formed. This lipophilic complex retains the CPZ molecules firmly within the lipid bilayer. In vitro release of CPZ into the medium surrounding the liposomes was found to be a very slow process with release half-times of 30 to 99 hours depending on liposome composition. Microsomal metabolism of liposomally incorporated CPZ was slowed and reduced by 50% as determined by the formation of CPZ-sulfoxide. In single pass liver perfusion experiments it was shown that CPZ absorption is significantly reduced when CPZ is incorporated into liposomes. It is suggested that this protective effect of the liposomes might influence the pharmacological effects of CPZ and reduce its hepatotoxic properties. PMID- 3208795 TI - On the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of propiverine in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics of 14C-propiverine was studied in 13 volunteers and in 2 patients after a single i.v. injection of 5 mg or after oral administration of 15 mg. To each dose 1.11 MBq 14C-propiverine was added. The radioactivity measured in plasma, urine (and bile fluid), and the metabolites were estimated by an extraction procedure together with TLC and radiochromatography. Propiverine was eliminated from the plasma with a half-life time (t0.5) of 4.1 h (i.v. and per os), while the plasma radioactivity decreased with a t0.5 of 21.2 (i.v.) or 10.4 h (per os). Within 4 days, 84.5 (i.v.) or 53.5% (per os) of the administered radioactivity was excreted in urine. The absorption of radioactivity of propiverine amounted to 84.5%, while the amount of available propiverine was only 48.9%. In two patients with cannulated ductus choledochus, 21.5 or 14.7% of the administered radioactivity was excreted within 2 days. The metabolic pattern of plasma, urine and bile fluid mainly consisted of amine oxides, substances oxidized in the propyl side chain, desalkylated metabolites, substances with a N demethylated piperidino group or with ester cleavage, and glucuronide conjugates. Unchanged propiverine appeared in plasma, urine and bile at about 6 to 8% of the administered dose. PMID- 3208794 TI - Passage of allophanoyl-gamma-lactones through the kidney. AB - In order to establish if allophanoyl-gamma lactones (B compounds) can pass through the kidney or if only the corresponding delta-hydroxybarbiturates (A compounds), formed by intramolecular alcoholysis, are able to do so, nine experiments were performed to study the urinary excretion of four different allophanoyl gamma-lactones B after administration to dogs. Excreted compounds were extracted, identified and quantised. From the amounts of unmodified administered lactones that were recovered, it is concluded that B compounds can pass through the kidney before isomerisation into the corresponding barbiturates A. PMID- 3208796 TI - Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of porcine calcitonin in saline and in gelatin diluents in healthy volunteers. AB - A randomised 2-way crossover study was carried out in nine healthy male volunteers to compare the pharmacokinetics of porcine calcitonin (pCT) following i.m. administration of 160 i.u. of pCT in physiological saline or in a solution of hydrolysed gelatin. A new radioimmunoassay for pCT is described. It employs an antiserum raised in a guinea pig and a labelled tracer prepared from highly purified pCT. While comparable mean areas under the serum concentration-time curve for both dosage forms indicate equivalent bioavailability, the serum pCT profiles were different; peak pCT levels of 8.3 +/- 0.8 ng ml-1 (s.e.m.) occurred at 13 +/- 2 min (s.e.m.) with peak levels of 4.8 +/- 0.5 ng ml-1 (s.e.m.) when the gelatin diluent was used. The hypocalcaemic effects produced by the two preparations of pCT were of short duration (less than 1 h) and of a similar magnitude (-0.08 to -0.12 mmol.l-1). Comparable degrees of hypophosphataemia ( 0.11 to -0.15 mmol.l-1) were observed 20 min post-injection. The administration of pCT in gelatin and saline diluents resulted in markedly different pharmacokinetic profiles. Whether there are therapeutic advantages in the use of either diluent remains to be investigated. PMID- 3208797 TI - The metabolism and disposition of D-penicillamine in the DA-strain rat. AB - Radiolabelled [35S]-D-penicillamine was administered orally to DA-strain rats. After 72 hours approximately 65% of the dose was excreted with no significant differences between male and female animals. The major urinary product was inorganic sulphate with small amounts of D-penicillamine. Penicillamine disulphide, penicillamine-cysteine, S-methyl penicillamine and N-acetyl penicillamine were also found as metabolites. The female rat excreted significantly less sulphate (P less than 0.1) and more penicillamine disulphide (P less than 0.01) than the male. The residual radioactivity was found in the carcass, with slight concentration in the gut, skin, kidney, bladder and liver. PMID- 3208798 TI - The Munich Personality Test (MPT)--a short questionnaire for self-rating and relatives' rating of personality traits: formal properties and clinical potential. AB - The Munich Personality Test (MPT) is a brief questionnaire for the assessment of six personality dimensions proper (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Frustration Tolerance, Rigidity, Isolation Tendency, Esoteric Tendencies), one additional scale (Schizoidia, composed of the two shortest scales, Isolation Tendency and Esoteric Tendencies); an Orientation towards Social Norms, which might bias the rating, and the Motivation to perform the rating adequately can be ascertained by means of two control scales. There are two test versions, one for self-rating, the other one for a rating by a key person from the subject's social surroundings ("relatives' rating"). The instruction of both scales explicitly relates to times of mental and physical health in order to reduce the influence of symptoms of a disease on the values of the scales. The data presented indicate a highly consistent factorial structure of self-ratings and relatives' ratings, a significant concordance of both kind of ratings, a sufficient to marked degree of internal consistency of the test scales depending on the number of items in the scales, a fair degree of retest reliability after approximately 1 year and also, though less markedly, after around 7 years in psychiatric patients, and significant differences between groups of psychiatric patients and healthy subjects in all personality scales proper, partially depending on the type of the mental disorder. Judging from relatives' ratings and from other authors' data obtained in recovered patients, these differences cannot be fully explained by the influence of symptoms on the ratings. On the other hand, secondary changes of personality after brain damage have been demonstrated by other authors using a modified testing procedure. On the whole, the MPT offers a fairly differentiated picture of the personality structure in mental patients and healthy subjects. PMID- 3208800 TI - The definition of the 'no change' category in patients treated with endocrine therapy and chemotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the breast. AB - In the criteria used for assessment of response to treatment for advanced breast cancer the definition of no change (NC) is clear; however, there is no indication of the duration of stabilization required for patients to qualify for this category of response. We have made the assumption that NC is a worthwhile category of response if the overall time to progression (TTP) and survival of this group is not significantly different from patients with partial remissions (PR). Two hundred and sixty-three evaluable patients treated with endocrine therapy and 302 evaluable chemotherapy-treated patients were studied and the TTP and survival curves for PR and periods of NC from 1 to 6 months compared. For the endocrine-treated patients the TTP and survival curves for NC became non significantly different from the PR curves after 4 and 5 months respectively. For chemotherapy-treated patients the TTP curves became non-significantly different from PR at 4 months and for survival the period was 3 months. In order to define NC as a useful category of response and to eliminate the possibility that NC taken for a shorter period could simply represent a slowly progressive tumour, we suggest that the minimum period of disease stabilization be taken as 5 months for both endocrine- and chemotherapy-treated patients. PMID- 3208799 TI - Syndrome shift in the long-term course of schizoaffective disorders. AB - Seventy-two patients diagnosed as having schizoaffective disorders (Cologne study) were investigated with regard to syndrome shift. During long-term follow up (mean 25.6 years) they had 400 episodes (the duration of an episode being defined as the time between the beginning and end of inpatient or inpatient-like treatment). A total of 61% of the patients had a polymorphous course, i.e. displayed more than one type of episode. The first syndrome shift was found in the early stages of the course (in 61% of the cases as early as the second episode, in 84% at latest by the third episode). Using diagnostic criteria considering the longitudinal approach, 88% of schizoaffective disorders could be definitively diagnosed as such at the latest by the second episode. The only difference in the course between polymorphous and monomorphous (with only one type of episode) schizoaffective disorders was that the former relapsed more frequently. On the basis of the findings of the present study we suggest a longitudinally based dichotomy of schizoaffective disorders into bipolar and unipolar. PMID- 3208801 TI - Arterial occlusion reduces tumour cell lodgement in the rat liver. AB - The lodgement of tumour cells (TCs) is a key event in the development of metastases in distant organs. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that ligation of the hepatic artery may reduce the mass of established metastases. In the present study the effect of hepatic artery or portal vein occlusion on the early phase of metastasis development, i.e. TC lodgement, was investigated. Occlusion of the hepatic artery immediately before intraportal TC infusion reduced TC lodgement, while a temporary occlusion of the portal vein directly after the TC infusion led to increased TC lodgement. It is speculated that the decrease in TC lodgement after arterial occlusion is due to local increase in blood flow, which might enhance the passage of the TCs through the liver, and to a decrease in pH causing an increased rate of TC destruction. The increased TC lodgement after portal vein occlusion, on the other hand, should mainly be due to flow reduction, promoting TC trapping in the liver microvasculature. PMID- 3208802 TI - Tumor size/symptom duration ratio as a prognostic factor in patients with high grade soft tissue sarcomas. AB - Two hundred sixty-seven patients with high-grade (G2,G3) soft tissue sarcomas but without distant metastases, were studied retrospectively with respect to their duration of symptoms and size of tumor. Prognosis was significantly related to the size of the tumor (P = 0.0039). Small tumors (5 cm or less) had a 5-year survival rate of 49% compared to 28% for large tumors (more than 5 cm in diameter). Symptom duration was not related significantly to survival time (P = 0.2490). The ratio of the size of the tumor (greatest diameter, recorded in cm) to duration of symptoms (recorded in months), reflecting the growth rate of the tumor, is introduced as a potentially important prognostic variable. Analysis revealed a highly significant relation between an increasing size/duration ratio and shorter overall survival time (P less than 0.0001) and time to distant metastases (P = 0.0034). Moreover, an optimal cut-off point of 1.0 for the size/duration ratio offers prognostic information independent of the G-TNM classification and other prognostic factors. PMID- 3208803 TI - Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) distribution in various biological fluids. AB - Different human biological fluids, namely breast cyst fluids (five), milks (four), sera (five), were submitted to molecular sieving chromatography on Sepharose CL6B. Global protein contents of the eluted fractions were estimated by the Bradford method. Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was assayed by two different ELISA techniques using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Various molecular species reacting with EMA (15) were found in the chromatographies with molecular weights ranging from 35 to 1500 kd. But the total amount of antigens detected using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies was quite similar. Moreover no significant difference was found between the sera from two lactating women and the sera from three women with adenocarcinoma with respect to the molecular distribution of different molecular species of EMA. PMID- 3208805 TI - Lymphoblastic lymphoma in adults: a clinicopathological study of 34 cases treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. AB - We report a series of 34 adult patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma treated at our Institute between 1977 and 1986. At presentation, mediastinal involvement was seen in 76%, extranodal involvement (not including bone marrow) in 20%, stage IV in 53% and circulating blasts in 15%. In the 15 cases where immunological studies were performed, 12 proved to be of T type and the other three lacked both T and B markers. Chemotherapy with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) protocols was given to 58% and lymphoma protocols to the other patients, with CNS prophylaxis given to a total of 28 patients. Although complete remission (CR) was observed overall in 74% of patients, 5 year survival was only 22% (42% in stages I-II and 8% stages III-IV) with improved results seen with recent aggressive anti-leukemic protocols. Five relapsed patients entered second CR and two were still in CR at this time. CNS relapse occurred in a total of eight patients (three without prophylaxis), and was isolated in two of six patients who achieved CR (despite CNS prophylaxis). In an analysis of prognostic factors, only the attainment of a CR was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Thus we are unable to confirm other studies which demonstrated prognostic variations in this disease and believe that all such patients should receive aggressive chemotherapy with substantial CNS prophylaxis similar to those currently used for ALL. PMID- 3208804 TI - Morphometric study of myocardial changes during doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in mice. AB - Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective anti-cancer drugs in oncology, but may cause a cumulative dose-dependent cardiomyopathy in a number of cancer patients. The effect of DOX on the heart was studied in mice treated with i.v. injections of 2 mg/kg by measuring morphometric parameters, including nuclear index (number of non-myocytes/number of myocyte nuclei), reticulin index (reticulin area/number of myocyte transsections), nuclear transsectional area, myocyte transsectional area, capillary index (number of capillaries/number of myocyte transsections) and capillary transsectional area. The highest significant difference between control mice and DOX-treated mice was observed immediately after the 12th dose of DOX except for the two capillary parameters. The highest level of significance for these two parameters was obtained 12 weeks after the end of DOX treatment. In contrast to the observations in rats, mice did not develop a nephrotic syndrome during treatment with DOX. The morphometric analysis of myocardial changes in mice, as a quantitative and objective method, seems to be a good model for comparative studies on cardiomyopathy induced by anthracycline analogues. PMID- 3208806 TI - Prognostic factors in stage I and II high and intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Between 1975 and 1986, the Manchester Lymphoma Group treated 127 patients with localized (Stages I/II) high and intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) on one of three protocols of combined involved field radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The study included patients with widespread bulky abdominal disease providing there was no apparent spread outside the abdomen and the liver was not involved with metastatic disease. The median duration of follow-up was 70 months. The complete response rate was 86% and the overall 5-year survival was 70%. The 5 year relapse-free survival of the complete responders was 80%. Cox model multivariate analysis showed that bulk disease (greater than 5 cm), low serum albumin and gut involvement were the pretreatment factors associated with shorter survival. When remission status was included in the model the attainment of a complete response was the major determinant of long-term survival but bulk disease and gut involvement were still significant adverse predictors for survival. These factors need to be assessed when analysing results of therapy in NHL and in the design of future treatment strategies. PMID- 3208807 TI - A new reproducible model of hepatic and peritoneal metastases from colonic carcinoma. AB - A new technique for the generation of tumour nodules in both liver and peritoneal cavity has been developed in Wistar wag rats. The cell line 192 NRc was derived from a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colonic carcinoma and was cultured on positively charged ion-exchange polystyrene microspheres. The tumour grew to confluence on the spheres, adhering firmly by pseudopodial extensions, enabling washing and injections of spheroids without significant dislodgement of cells. 5 x 10(4) tumour spheroids injected into the portal vein produced a mean of 35 +/- 24 (S.D.) nodules in the liver with an average diameter of 1.5 +/- 0.55 (S.D.) mm at 14 days. The spheroids did not enter the hepatic veins and therefore did not produce pulmonary metastases. Similarly, 5 x 10(3) tumour spheroids injected into the peritoneal cavity, after gently abrading the peritoneum with gauze, produced a mean of 65 +/- 37 (S.D.) nodules with an average diameter of 1.6 +/- 0.39 (S.D.) mm at 14 days. The tumour continued to grow as discrete nodules in both locations until near the time of death at approx. 36 days from inoculation. This animal model is reproducible and will allow the study of a number of treatment modalities for discrete neoplastic lesions in both the liver and peritoneal cavity at any stage of tumour growth without interference from tumour at unwanted sites. PMID- 3208808 TI - Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Individualization of the treatment according to the prognosis of the disease. AB - A retrospective study of a continuous series of 152 patients is presented: the patients were treated between 1 January 1955 and 31 December 1981 for a papillary or a follicular thyroid carcinoma. The prognostic index, proposed by the EORTC Thyroid Cancer Cooperative Group in 1979, was calculated for each patient. According to the survival curves and recurrences after treatment, the study shows a clear-cut difference in prognosis if the prognostic index is below 50 or is equal to or above 50. This observation supports the proposal of minimal treatment for less aggressive tumors and extensive treatment for the high risk patients. The actual treatment plan is: (1) total lobectomy when the tumor is unilateral and the prognostic index below 50, but total thyroidectomy in the other cases; (2) lymph node surgery only in cases of node involvement. Instead of a radical neck dissection, a more conservative procedure should be performed, removing the lymphatic chains and preserving the sterno-cleidomastoid muscle, the internal jugular vein and the spinal accessory nerve; (3) no postoperative radioiodine for low risk patients with complete removal of the tumor; (4) postoperative thyroid hormone at doses suppressing secretion of TSH for all patients. PMID- 3208809 TI - Oestrogen reversible inhibitory activity of sera from breast cancer patients [corrected]. AB - Sera from foetal calves, newborn calves, athymic mice, and healthy postmenopausal women exert a growth inhibitory effect on the oestrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This inhibitory effect of serum can be abrogated by oestradiol. Serum samples from 22 breast cancer patients were analysed for the amount of inhibitory activity in order to clarify whether regulation of cell proliferation of human breast cancer may occur via a modulation of the inhibitory activity in the patient's serum. Twenty of the 22 serum samples showed inhibitory activity and no difference was found in the degree of inhibition. These results do not support the hypothesis that breast cancer cells grow in vivo solely as a function of a reduced level of a serum-borne inhibitory activity; other mechanisms must be involved in the regulation of growth. We have found that MCF-7 cells, the growth of which is inhibited by serum from breast cancer patients, exhibit a reduced synthesis of three secreted proteins, and an increased amount of one protein, a 46K protein. Oestradiol induced cell proliferation is concomitant with stimulation of the synthesis of these three proteins and inhibition of the 46K protein. Regulation of growth of breast cancer may therefore occur via changes in the synthesis of secreted proteins, which exert a regulatory function on cell proliferation. PMID- 3208810 TI - Evaluation of a Candida antigen detection test (Cand-Tec) in the diagnosis of deep candidiasis in neutropenic patients. AB - The diagnostic efficiency of a serum Candida antigen detection test Cand-Tec test) was prospectively investigated in 104 leukemic patients treated by intensive chemotherapy or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Candida antigen titers were determined on admission and then weekly as long as patients remained neutropenic. Nine patients had a proven disseminated yeast infection (diagnosed only at autopsy in five cases). The highest Candida antigen titers were 1:2 in two patients and 1:4 or more in seven patients (sensitivity: 76% for this last titer). This highest titer was observed 12 days before to 3 days after the diagnosis. Seven out of the 97 patients without proven deep candidiasis had a maximum titer of 1:4 (specificity: 93%). The positive predictive value was 50% for a titer of 1:4 and 24% for a titer of 1:2, whereas the negative predictive value was 100% for a titer of 1:4 and 97% for a titer of 1:2. Patients with elevated titers were mostly treated by chemotherapy, were older and had a worse prognosis than those with negative titers, although the duration of neutropenia was similar. It is concluded that Candida antigen detection is a reliable method of diagnosis of deep candidiasis in neutropenic patients. The clinical interest in this test, with special regard to empiric antifungal therapy, is discussed. PMID- 3208811 TI - Circulating drug levels in patients presenting cardiotoxicity to 5-FU. PMID- 3208812 TI - Diffusion of HIV-1 virus into non-habitual categories at risk in European countries. AB - The ECP Working Group on AIDS has evaluated the available data on seropositivity to HIV-1 supplied by research groups in 12 Eastern and Western European countries. The period covered is 1985 and 1986. A significantly elevated incidence of seropositives was observed in both females and males in heterosexual contact with members of high risk groups. In contrast heterosexuals with no such contact had an incidence below 1%. For male homosexuals from Italy, Denmark and Switzerland the trend was no detectable increase in prevalence from 1985 to 1986. Hungary and Poland now have a few per cent seropositive male homosexuals, but no seropositives were found in a group of Polish drug abusers. PMID- 3208813 TI - Control of the antitumoral activity of human macrophages produced in large amounts in view of adoptive transfer. AB - Purified human blood monocytes were grown in hydrophobic bags in RPMI medium containing additional amino acids, indomethacine and growth factors. Autologous serum was added after a few days of culture at 37 degrees C, 5% CO2. The antitumoral activity generated by activated monocytes against human tumor cells grown in vitro was mediated by soluble effectors in contrast to macrophages which acted by cell contact. Monocyte differentiation into macrophages was achieved after 7 days of culture and characterized by phagocytosis and expression of MAX 1 antigen and non-specific esterases. The macrophages remaining in suspension in the bags were activated by exposure to immunostimulating compounds used alone or in combination (recombinant human gamma-interferon and muramyldipeptide). Activated macrophages were cytotoxic in vitro against U 937 or ovary carcinoma tumor lines (95% cytotoxicity) at a 1/1 effector/tumor cell ratio. The antitumoral potency of activated macrophages was confirmed in vivo where adoptive transfer of one million human macrophages twice a week to nude mice bearing human ovary carcinoma caused a marked regression of the primary tumor. PMID- 3208814 TI - Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic investigation of didemnin B, a cyclic depsipeptide. AB - Didemnin B (NSC-325319), a cyclic depsipeptide isolated from a marine tunicate, has been evaluated in a Phase I trial. The drug was administered in a single intravenous infusion in 150 cm3 of normal saline every 30 min given every 28 days. Forty-three patients received 80 courses of the drug at doses ranging from 0.14 to 4.51 mg/m2. The dose-limiting toxicity was nausea and vomiting which began during or shortly after the infusion and was of variable duration. This toxicity was somewhat ameliorated by pretreatment with an aggressive antiemetic regimen. Mild hepatic toxicity also occurred with mild elevations of transaminases and bilirubin. One patient experienced an allergic reaction during his second infusion, characterized by chills, diaphoresis, flushing and hypotension. No objective anti-tumor response was seen during this trial. The recommended dose for Phase II studies on a single-dose schedule is 2.67 mg/m2 without prophylactic antiemetics and 3.47 mg/m2 if an antiemetic regimen is used. Preliminary pharmacokinetics suggest that didemnin B is sequestered or rapidly converted to a metabolite not identified by the antibody used in the radioimmunoassay. Further evaluation will be performed during Phase II studies. PMID- 3208815 TI - On the yield of new information from the selective requesting of post mortem examinations in oncology patients. AB - Traditionally, a high rate of post mortem (PM) examinations has been advocated, primarily for the quality control of clinical diagnosis. In days of increasing scrutiny of medical costs, the role of the 'routine' requesting of any investigation must be questioned, and we report here the results of a policy to request post mortem examinations selectively when there was a reasonable expectation that it would yield new information. Between 21/3/82 and 12/2/86 there were 1356 deaths in patients registered with the Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Hospital. During this period, 100 PM examinations were performed. The overall post mortem rate is thus 6.7%, but for patients dying whilst under our direct care it is 23%. The cause of death was changed in 9% of cases following PM examination. The ante mortem assessment of the remission status of irradiated volumes was confirmed in 69% but was not recorded in the post mortem report in 22%, in spite of the medical record being available to the pathologist. Minor modifications were made by PM examination to the establishment of primary tumor site, sites of metastatic disease, histological diagnosis and other significant pathological states. The autopsy is an expensive investigation: we conclude that the low yield of relevant new information in this selective series is a powerful argument against the traditional routine request. Indeed the yield of new information in cases when the histological tumour type was known was even lower. The necessity for a problem-orientated approach is apparent from the data on the remission status of treated sites. PMID- 3208816 TI - Evidence for host-mediated antitumor effects of lysozyme in mice bearing the MCa mammary carcinoma. AB - The host-mediated effects of lysozyme on primary tumor growth and on the formation of pulmonary metastases were investigated in mice bearing the MCa mammary carcinoma. The oral administration of lysozyme to CBA mice for 7 consecutive days before i.v. inoculation of MCa mammary carcinoma cells causes a significant reduction in the formation of lung tumors. The growth of s.c. tumors and the development of lung metastases is also significantly lowered in mice inoculated with tumor cells previously kept at 37 degrees C for 30 min in the presence of peritoneal resident cells or whole plasma samples obtained from normal mice treated with 25-100 mg/kg/day lysozyme for 7 consecutive days. The lysozyme concentration in plasma samples of the treated mice remains undetectable even at daily dosages up to 400 mg/kg, ruling out the hypothesis of a direct effect of the ingested lysozyme. These data seem to suggest a role for host immune reactivity in the antineoplastic effects of lysozyme. The results are consistent with previously reported data and further stress the interesting antitumor properties of the oral administration of lysozyme in mice bearing solid metastasizing tumors. PMID- 3208817 TI - Combined effects of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and cisplatin on the growth of murine neuroblastoma in vivo. AB - Combined effects of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and cisplatin on the growth of two murine neuroblastomas (C1300, NS-20) was investigated in vivo. Five groups of mice were prepared; group 1 were fed the control diet, group 2 were fed a vitamin E-deficient diet, group 3 were fed a vitamin E-supplemented diet, group 4 were fed the control diet and plus vitamin E solution given intraperitoneally during the treatment (solvent i.p. group), and group 5 were given vitamin E in the same manner (20 mg/kg/day; vitamin E i.p. group). Cisplatin (6 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into the mice of each group during the treatment. In case of the C1300 neuroblastoma, the antitumor activity of cisplatin was most enhanced in the mice receiving vitamin E i.p., and the intra-tumor vitamin E and platinum levels were significantly higher in this group than in the other groups (P less than 0.01, and P less than 0.05 respectively). In contrast, in animals transplanted with the NS-20 murine neuroblastoma, which proved to be a cisplatin tolerant tumor in separate experiments, no combined effect of those drugs was observed, although the intra-tumor level of platinum was elevated. The possibility was that vitamin E increases the influx of cisplatin into the tumor cells and acts after incorporation of cisplatin through the plasma membrane. Vitamin E did not accentuate the cisplatin-induced renal impairment in vitamin E loaded groups. Those results suggested that vitamin E should be considered as a co-agent of cisplatin for the treatment of neuroblastoma. PMID- 3208818 TI - Daily variation in non-protein sulfhydryl levels of human bone marrow. AB - There is increasing evidence that the dosing of certain antineoplastic agents based on a circadian type of schedule may have a beneficial effect on the outcome of patient therapy. Such regimens allow for a more intensive course of drugs to be administered due to a reduction in the toxicities associated with these agents. Since many of the antineoplastics in use today either form reactive intermediates or generate toxic free radical species within the cell, cellular thiols such as glutathione may play a role in their detoxification. Our studies were designed to investigate whether there exists a consistent daily fluctuation in the thiol content in human bone marrow samples. Five normal male volunteers, ages 26-32 years, underwent repeat bone marrow aspirations at approx. 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. Mean peak non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels of 47.7 nmole/mg protein occurred in morning bone marrow aspirates while evening aspirates showed markedly reduced mean levels of 7.9 nmole/mg protein. Reduced glutathione was used as a standard in these assays which measured sulfhydryls spectrophotometrically using Ellman's reagent. Our findings may help to explain the observed reduction in myelotoxicity in chemotherapy designed to take advantage of human circadian rhythms. These results support the proposition that the administration of certain cytotoxic drugs to match peak levels of thiols in the marrow may facilitate more intensive and active chemotherapy regimens. PMID- 3208819 TI - Influence of therapy on local control and survival in stage I and II intermediate and high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - In a consecutive series of 113 patients with localized (Stage I and II) intermediate and high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma we have retrospectively analysed patterns of survival and relapse in relation to presenting features and therapy. Two patients were treated by complete surgical excision. Seventy-two were treated by radiotherapy (RT), 19 by chemotherapy (CT) and 20 by combined CT and RT. A number of different chemotherapy combinations were employed. Overall survival for Stage I patients was 68.3% at 5 years and 65.5% at 10 years; for Stage II patients it was 61.2% at 5 years and 52.2% at 10 years. Recurrence-free survival for Stage I patients was 51.4% at 5 years and 42.1% at 10 years; for Stage II patients it was 46.2% at both 5 and 10 years. Local control by radiation was achieved in 59/72 (82%) patients treated with less than 40 Gy and 19/20 (95%) treated with 40 Gy or more. There was no advantage for extended field irradiation when compared with involved field. Eleven of 19 (58%) patients treated by CT alone achieved complete response (CR). For patients responding completely to CT there was no clear advantage for irradiation of originally involved bulky sites. For patients with Stage II and bulky Stage I disease there was a significant (P = 0.05) improvement in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and a trend (P = 0.192) towards improved overall survival for patients treated by CT alone or together with RT compared with RT alone. Independent variables identified by multivariate analysis were age, with better survival for younger patients (P = 0.034) and histopathological group, with better survival for DPDL compared with DH (P = 0.015). PMID- 3208820 TI - Blood transfusion and prognosis in surgical cancer patients. PMID- 3208821 TI - Special education teacher preparation: a synthesis of four research studies. PMID- 3208822 TI - Effects of early intervention on hearing impaired children. PMID- 3208823 TI - Current disciplinary practices with handicapped students: suspensions and expulsions. PMID- 3208824 TI - Training needs of special education paraprofessionals. PMID- 3208825 TI - What's happening in self-contained special education classrooms? PMID- 3208826 TI - Relationship between personality adjustment and high intelligence: Terman versus Hollingworth. PMID- 3208827 TI - Gentamicin causes the fast depression of action potential and contraction in cultured cardiocytes. AB - The short-term cardiotoxic effects of gentamicin were studied on electrical and mechanical activities in cultures of ventricular confluent cardiocytes of rats. Application of gentamicin to the bath lowered the spontaneous action potential firing rate which was restored when the external calcium was elevated. Fast local application and withdrawal of drugs to non-pacemaker cells allowed effect/dose curves to be made. Such application of 200 nmol gentamicin (approximated concentration: 0.8 x 10(-3)-8.0 x 10(-3) M) lowered the contraction amplitude by 50% and the action potential overshoot by 20% while the action potential duration and maximum diastolic potential remained unchanged. Gentamicin withdrawal was followed by a rapid (half time = 5 s) and complete restoration of contraction. Verapamil, Mn2+, EDTA and La3+ also diminished contraction and overshoot but their effects were reversed 28, 25, 6 and 1.5 times more slowly, respectively. Gentamicin, like La3+, could act extracellularly, probably by competing with calcium ions for some external membrane site. PMID- 3208828 TI - Proglumide antagonizes cholecystokinin effects on plasma glucose and insulin in rats in vivo. AB - Proglumide was shown to possess a low affinity for cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors and to inhibit the synergistic action of CCK8 on glucose-mediated insulin release in vitro. Proglumide (400 mg/kg i.p., given 15 min before an i.v. combination of CCK8 and glucose) reversed the CCK8 (0.5 nmol/kg)-induced increase of plasma insulin levels and decrease of glucose levels. It had no effect on plasma insulin and glucose levels when the glucose bolus was administered alone. Camostate (400 mg/kg p.o.; Foy-305; a trypsin inhibitor acting via endogenously released CCK) increased plasma insulin levels by 10 microU/ml during an oral glucose (500 mg/kg) tolerance test. Pretreatment with proglumide (400 mg/kg i.p.) antagonized this effect. The data indicate that proglumide has an antagonistic effect on either exogenously added or endogenously released CCK with respect to plasma insulin and glucose levels and that it has no effect on plasma insulin and glucose levels when glucose is given alone. Therefore, proglumide and the newly developed, more potent CCK receptor antagonists are able to disturb insulin and glucose homoeostasis. PMID- 3208829 TI - Effect of neurotensin and its fragments neurotensin-(1-6) and neurotensin-(8-13) on dopamine release from cat striatum. AB - At low concentrations, neurotensin (10(-9) M) enhanced electrically evoked release of dopamine. At higher concentrations, neurotensin (10(-7) M) also enhanced basal release of dopamine. The carboxy-terminal sequence of neurotensin (8-13) was fully active and enhanced both electrically evoked and basal release. In contrast, the amino-terminal fragment neurotensin-(1-6) did not enhance electrically evoked release of dopamine even at high concentrations (10(-6) M). However, it retained the ability to enhance basal dopamine release. Combination of different doses of apomorphine with a subthreshold (10(-10) M) and submaximal concentrations (10(-9) M) of neurotensin gave clear additive effects. It is concluded that in the cat striatum neurotensin stimulates dopamine release by a direct effect on its own neurotensin receptor, and does not modulate the sensitivity of presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors. Furthermore, it is suggested that there exist at least two types of neurotensin receptors in the cat striatum. One type stimulates evoked dopamine release and another influences basal release of dopamine. PMID- 3208830 TI - The novel CCK antagonist L364,718 abolished caerulein- but potentiates morphine induced antinociception. AB - The novel CCK antagonist L364,718 was tested on caerulein- and morphine-induced antinociception in rat using the paw pressure test. Caerulein-induced antinociception (ED50 = 30 micrograms/kg) was significantly inhibited by L354,718 (200 micrograms/kg i.p.) which on its own did not affect paw pressure threshold. In contrast, morphine-induced antinociception was significantly potentiated by L364,718. Since L364,718 is highly selective for 'peripheral' receptors which are found in tissue such as pancreas and gallbladder and a few discrete areas of brain, this receptor is likely to be implicated in the antinociceptive effect of caerulein. PMID- 3208831 TI - Asymmetry of responses to norepinephrine in perfused resistance arteries. AB - Diameter constrictor responses were significantly greater when norepinephrine (NE) was delivered intraluminaly compared to extraluminal application in isolated perfused mesenteric resistance arteries of the rat. The difference in response via the two routes was abolished by cocaine, a neuronal uptake blocker. Endothelium removal enhanced NE-induced constrictions but responses remained significantly greater when delivered intraluminally. This study provides evidence of asymmetry of vascular smooth muscle in resistance arteries due to a greater neuronal uptake of NE on the adventitial surface. PMID- 3208832 TI - p-fluoro-hexahydro-sila-difenidol: the first M2 beta-selective muscarinic antagonist. PMID- 3208833 TI - The facilitation by diazepam of the electrically evoked release of [3H]5-HT from rat cortical slices is antagonized by picrotoxin and Ro 5-4864. PMID- 3208834 TI - Inhibition of the development of electrical kindling of the prepyriform cortex by daily focal injections of excitatory amino acid antagonists. AB - The effects of daily focal injections of excitatory amino acid antagonists into the prepyriform cortex on the development of electrically kindled seizures at this site were studied. The selective 'NMDA receptor' antagonists 2-amino-7 phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP7) and 3-[+/-)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1 phosphonic acid (CPP) significantly inhibited the development of the electrically evoked afterdischarge over a 10 day period and prevented the development of the motor seizure responses. The 'kainate and quisqualate receptor' antagonist gamma D-glutamylaminomethyl sulphonic acid (GAMS) showed less potent but still significant inhibitory actions on these responses. When drug treatment ceased, kindling progressed in all animals at a rate similar to that of the control (buffer-treated) animals. These results suggest a critical role for NMDA receptors in the primary neuronal events initiating the epileptiform activity in this animal model of epilepsy. PMID- 3208835 TI - Effect of acute and chronic ethanol on the agonist responses of vascular smooth muscle. AB - We studied the effect of ethanol in vitro on the response of isolated rat aortas to phenylephrine and angiotensin II. We also examined the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on the phenylephrine response and the effect of ethanol in vitro on that response during the development of ethanol-induced hypertension. In acute experiments the depression of the phenylephrine dose-response produced by ethanol in vitro was greater than that for angiotensin II. Comparing the depression of these agonist dose-responses by ethanol to the depression by the receptor blockers, verapamil, prazosin and saralasin, suggests that ethanol may act like an alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocker. During chronic ethanol consumption two opposing changes occurred: (1) desensitization to phenylephrine during weeks 6-18 and, (2) tolerance to depression by ethanol in vitro during weeks 4-10. These opposing changes may cancel each other which suggests that the hypertension due to chronic ethanol consumption is probably not due to an action of ethanol on the vasculature. PMID- 3208837 TI - 2',3'-Dideoxy-N6-cyclohexyladenosine: an adenosine derivative with antagonist properties at adenosine receptors. AB - The 2',3'-dideoxy analogue of the potent A1 receptor agonist, N6 cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), was synthesized as a potential antagonist for the A1 adenosine receptor. In studies on adenylate cyclase 2',3'-dideoxy-N6 cyclohexyladenosine (ddCHA) did not show agonist properties at A1 or at A2 receptors. However, it antagonized the inhibition by R-PIA of adenylate cyclase activity of fat cell membranes via A1 receptors with a Ki value of 13 microM. ddCHA competed for the binding of the selective A1 receptor antagonist, [3H]8 cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine ([3H]DPCPX), to rat brain membranes with a Ki value of 4.8 microM; GTP did not affect the competition curve. In contrast to the marked stereoselectivity of the A1 receptor for the alpha- and the natural beta anomer of adenosine, the alpha-anomer of ddCHA showed a comparable affinity for the A1 receptor (K1 value 13.9 microM). These data indicate that the 2'- and 3' hydroxy groups of adenosine and its derivatives are required for agonist activity at and high affinity binding to A1 adenosine receptors and for the distinction between the alpha- and beta-forms. PMID- 3208836 TI - Muscarinic M1, M2 receptor binding. Relationship with functional efficacy. AB - A comparison has been made between [3H]pirenzepine binding to the M1 receptor population of rat cerebral cortex and [3H]N-methylscopolamine binding to M2 receptors in rat cardiac membranes. Several standard muscarinic antagonists including trihexyphenidyl HCl, benztropine, biperidin and 4-DAMP (4 diphenylacetoxy-N-methyl piperidine methiodide) showed some selectivity for the M1 binding assay. Dicyclomine and hexahydrosiladifenidol were the only antagonists with a selectivity approaching that of pirenzepine. Gallamine and AFDX-116 were the only M2 (cardiac) selective antagonists. Muscarinic agonists displayed profiles which could be classified into two groups, apparently related to their intrinsic activity. One group displayed apparent selectivity for the heart, with low Hill coefficients and contained full agonists such as acetylcholine. The second group displayed less selectivity, intermediate Hill coefficients and contained partial agonists such as pilocarpine. Thus muscarinic agents can distinguish between different tissues not only on the basis of receptor selectivity, but also by recognition of high and low agonist affinity states. Thus the intrinsic activity of a muscarinic agonist may reflect an apparent but not true receptor-mediated selectivity. PMID- 3208838 TI - Pro-inflammatory effects of bradykinin, sigma-cyclo[Lys1,Gly6]bradykinin and sigma-cyclo-kallidin in the rat. AB - A comparison of the effects of bradykinin (BK), sigma-cyclo-BK and sigma-cyclo kallidin (sigma-cyclo-KD) to induce oedema, hyperalgesia and blood flow in the rat paw was made. BK produced dose-dependent increases in oedema and blood flow and a reduction in the nociceptive pressure threshold. Sigma-Cyclo-BK and sigma cyclo-KD were more potent than BK at inducing oedema and increasing blood flow but had no effect on nociceptive pressure threshold at the doses used. The relative lack of hyperalgesic activity of sigma-cyclo-BK and sigma-cyclo-KD compared with BK raises the possibility of differences between kinin receptors mediating permeability and blood flow changes and those involved in nociception in this model. PMID- 3208839 TI - Releasable, non-neuronal GABA pool in rat stomach. AB - The uptake and K+-evoked release of [3H] gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was examined in tissue slices from rat gastric antrum. Active [3H]GABA accumulation was observed that could only be partially inhibited by L-diaminobutyric acid (L DABA), a blocker of neuronal GABA uptake. The L-DABA-insensitive uptake component was saturable, sodium-dependent and of high affinity. Moreover, [3H]GABA could be released from this L-DABA-resistant pool by a high K+ concentration. It is concluded that a releasable, non-neuronal GABA pool, which may have some functional significance, is present in the gastric antrum. PMID- 3208840 TI - Ro 15-4513, like anxiogenic beta-carbolines, increases dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex of the rat. AB - The effects of Ro 15-4513, FG 7142 and beta-CCM on the activity of the mesocortical dopaminergic system were examined by measuring the changes in the content of the principal dopamine (DA) metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the prefrontal cortex of the rat. Ro 15-4513 increased the DOPAC content in the prefrontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner (5-40 mg/kg i.p.) but had no effect on DA concentrations. A similar increase in DOPAC content was induced by FG 7142 (40 mg/kg i.p.) and beta-CCM (8 mg/kg s.c.), two beta carboline derivatives that interact with benzodiazepine recognition sites as partial inverse agonists. These effects of Ro 15-4513, FG 7142 and beta-CCM on DA metabolism in the prefrontal cortex are mediated via benzodiazepine recognition sites, since they were prevented by the administration of the benzodiazepine antagonists Ro 15-1788 and ZK 93426. These data indicate that Ro 15-4513 is an inverse agonist at benzodiazepine recognition sites. PMID- 3208841 TI - Demonstration of a different sensitivity to epinephrine in isolated and in vivo hearts. AB - Studies in isolated preparations dealing with myocardial effects of catecholamines usually employ epinephrine concentrations 10-1,000 times higher (10(-7)-10(-5) M) than those observed during maximal cardiac adrenoceptor activation in vivo (10(-9)-5 x 10(-8) M) to obtain measurable cardiac responses. The reason for this discrepancy is still unclear, but it may reflect a diminished sensitivity to catecholamines in vitro. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate if a different myocardial sensitivity to epinephrine in vivo and in vitro does exist and to investigate which epinephrine concentrations in vitro mimic the effect of cardiac adrenoceptor activation in vivo. We compared concentration-response curves to cumulative increasing concentrations of of epinephrine, measured by high pressure liquid chromatography, in chloralose anesthetized or pithed rats (in vivo) and in isolated Langendorff perfused rat hearts (in vitro). We found that the amplitude of response to epinephrine was significantly higher in vivo at all concentrations. For example, an increase of 50 beats/min was observed at an epinephrine concentration of 29 +/- 6 nM in chloralose anesthetized, 25 +/- 4 nM in pithed rats and 149 +/- 52 nM in isolated hearts (P less than 0.05 vs. in vivo). Data on contractility closely parallel those on heart rate. These data indicate that, when methodological differences are minimized, there is a marked reduction in the amplitude of the response to epinephrine in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208842 TI - Cardiovascular effects of dl-nebivolol and its enantiomers--a comparison with those of atenolol. AB - In the present study, we investigated the cardiovascular effects of dl-nebivolol, a newly synthetized, chemically novel, beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist and its enantiomers, d-nebivolol (SRRR) and l-nebivolol (RSSS), in closed-chest anesthetized dogs, using atenolol as a reference substance. Results from preliminary studies in vitro indicate that d-nebivolol is the beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist and that l-nebivolol is practically devoid of beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties. Unlike atenolol, dl-nebivolol does not depress left ventricular function and slightly, but significantly, reduces peripheral vascular resistance over the dose range from 0.0025 to 0.04 mg.kg-1 i.v. These observations are likely to be clinically relevant because one daily oral dose of 5 mg dl-nebivolol effectively lowers arterial blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The favorable hemodynamic profile of dl-nebivolol can be ascribed to the l-enantiomer because the cardiovascular effects of this enantiomer are similar to those of the racemate. The cardiovascular profile of the d-enantiomer is similar to that of atenolol, albeit that its depressant effect on left ventricular function occurs at higher doses. PMID- 3208843 TI - Early treatment of palatally erupting maxillary canines by extraction of the primary canines. PMID- 3208844 TI - Histologic reactions in gingival and alveolar tissues during tooth movement in rabbits. PMID- 3208845 TI - An experimental investigation into the effect of dimensional change on the stiffness of double vertical incisor alignment loops. PMID- 3208846 TI - Long-term results of orthodontic treatment. A clinical view 4. PMID- 3208847 TI - A cephalometric unit for research and hospital environments. PMID- 3208848 TI - The effect of projection errors on angular measurements in cephalometry. PMID- 3208849 TI - Can 'articulare' be used in the cephalometric analysis of mandibular length? A methodologic study. PMID- 3208850 TI - Serotonin immunocytochemistry of physiologically characterized raphe magnus neurons. AB - To determine if PAG stimulation activates serotonin containing neurons in RM, intracellular techniques were used to identify raphe magnus (RM) cells that are excited by antinociceptive periaqueductal gray (PAG) stimulation in the cat. RM neurons that received a monosynaptic EPSP from PAG shock were intracellularly labeled with ethidium bromide. Intracellularly stained RM cells were large, medium and small sized neurons. To determine if these cells contain serotonin, sections containing intracellularly labeled RM neurons were processed for serotonin immunocytochemistry. None of the RM cells (N = 32) which were intracellularly stained with ethidium bromide contained immunoreactive serotonin. These results are evidence that non-serotonergic RM cells are activated by antinociceptive PAG stimulation; these cells may be important in the relay of PAG induced antinociception. PMID- 3208851 TI - Motion perceptions induced by off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) at small angles of tilt. AB - Off-vertical axis rotation in darkness induces a perception of body motion which lasts as long as rotation continues. Perceived body motion is the combination of two simultaneous displacements. The most easily perceived is a translation without rotation along a conical path, at the frequency of the actual rotation. Meanwhile, the subjects feel as if they were always facing towards the same direction. The summit of the cone is generally below the head, from the waist to below the feet, and subjects have a sense of progression in the direction opposite to actual spinning. Some subjects feel, on the contrary, the summit of the cone above their heads, and the progression in the direction of spinning. Subjects also perceived another body motion, although it was faint for some of them. It consists of a rotation at low velocity in the same direction as progression along the cone. The axis of the cone is perceived as slowly rotating along a larger cone. These motion perceptions increase with tilt angle and rotation velocity. They probably result from the analysis by the Central Nervous System of the acceleration acting on the otoliths. The perceived trajectory would be reconstructed from estimates of gravity, and kinematic variables such as head translational acceleration and velocity, and head rotational velocity. The same variables would account for OVAR-induced nystagmus. Motion sickness would result from the impossibility of reconstructing a consistent body movement from most sets of values of these variables. PMID- 3208852 TI - Oculo-manual tracking of visual targets: control learning, coordination control and coordination model. AB - The processes which develop to coordinate eye and hand movements in response to motion of a visual target were studied in young children and adults. We have shown that functional maturation of the coordination control between eye and hand takes place as a result of training. We observed, in the trained child and in the adult, that when the hand is used either as a target or to track a visual target, the dynamic characteristics of the smooth pursuit system are markedly improved: the eye to target delay is decreased from 150 ms in eye alone tracking to 30 ms, and smooth pursuit maximum velocity is increased by 100%. Coordination signals between arm and eye motor systems may be responsible for smooth pursuit eye movements which occur during self-tracking of hand or finger in darkness. These signals may also account for the higher velocity smooth pursuit eye movements and the shortened tracking delay when the hand is used as a target, as well as for the synkinetic eye-arm motions observed at the early stage of oculo-manual tracking training in children. We propose a model to describe the interaction which develops between two systems involved in the execution of a common sensorimotor task. The model applies to the visuo-oculo-manual tracking system, but it may be generalized to other coordinated systems. According to our definition, coordination control results from the reciprocal transfer of sensory and motor information between two or more systems involved in the execution of single, goal-directed or conjugate actions. This control, originating in one or more highly specialized structures of the central nervous system, combines with the control processes normally operating in each system. Our model relies on two essential notions which describe the dynamic and static aspects of coordination control: timing and mutual coupling. PMID- 3208853 TI - Oculo-manual tracking of visual targets in monkey: role of the arm afferent information in the control of arm and eye movements. AB - The study was aimed at defining the role of hand (and arm) kinaesthetic information in coordination control of the visuo-oculo-manual tracking system. Baboons were trained to follow slow-moving and stepping visual targets either with the eyes alone or with the eyes and a lever moved by the forelimb about the vertical axis. A LED was attached to the lever extremity. Four oculo-manual tracking conditions were tested and compared to eye-alone tracking: Eye and hand tracking of a visual target presented on a screen, eye tracking of the hand, and eye tracking of an imaginary target actively moved by the arm. The performance of the animals evaluated in terms of latency, and velocity and position precision for both eye and hand movements was seen to be equivalent to that of humans in similar situations. After dorsal root rhizotomy (C1-T2) the animals were unable to produce slow arm motion in response to slow-moving targets. Instead, they produced successions of ballistic-like motions whose amplitude decreased as retraining proceeded. In addition, the animals could no longer respond with smooth pursuit eye movements to an imaginary target actively displaced by the animal's forelimb. It was concluded that the absence of ocular smooth pursuit after lesion results from the disruption of a signal derived from arm kinaesthetic information and addresses to the oculomotor system. This signal is likely to be used in the control of coordination between arm and eye movements during visuo-oculo-manual tracking tasks. One cause of the animal's inability to achieve slow arm movement in response to slow target motion is thought to be due to a lesion-induced alteration of the spinal common pathway dynamics which normally integrate the velocity signal descending from the arm movement command system. PMID- 3208854 TI - Cerebellar involvement in the coordination control of the oculo-manual tracking system: effects of cerebellar dentate nucleus lesion. AB - When the hand of the observer is used as a visual target, oculomotor performance evaluated in terms of tracking accuracy, delay and maximal ocular velocity is higher than when the subject tracks a visual target presented on a screen. The coordination control exerted by the motor system of the arm on the oculomotor system has two sources: the transfer of kinaesthetic information originating in the arm which increases the mutual coupling between the arm and the eyes and information from the arm movement efferent copy which synchronizes the motor activities of both subsystems (Gauthier et al. 1988; Gauthier and Mussa-Ivaldi 1988). We investigated the involvement of the cerebellum in coordination control during a visuo-oculo-manual tracking task. Experiments were conducted on baboons trained to track visual targets with the eyes and/or the hand. The role of the cerebellum was determined by comparing tracking performance defined in terms of delay, accuracy (position or velocity tracking errors) and maximal velocity, before and after lesioning the cerebellar dentate nucleus. Results showed that in the intact animal, ocular tracking was more saccadic when the monkey followed an external target than when it moved the target with its hand. After lesioning, eye alone tracking of a visual target as well as eye-and-hand-tracking with the hand contralateral to the lesion was little if at all affected. Conversely, ocular tracking of the hand ipsilateral to the lesion side became more saccadic and the correlation between eye and hand movement decreased considerably while the delay between target and eyes increased. In normal animals, the delay between the eyes and the hand was close to zero, and maximal smooth pursuit velocity was around 100 degrees per second with close to unity gain; in eye-alone tracking the delay and maximal smooth pursuit velocity were 200 ms and 50 deg per second, respectively. After lesioning, delay and maximum velocity were respectively around 210 ms and 40 deg per second, that is close to the values measured in eye alone tracking. Thus, after dentate lesioning, the oculomotor system was unable to use information from the motor system of the arm to enhance its performance. We conclude that the cerebellum is involved in the "coordination control" between the oculomotor and manual motor systems in visuo-oculo-manual tracking tasks. PMID- 3208855 TI - Dissociation of the lateral and medial cerebellum in movement timing and movement execution. AB - In a previous study (Ivry and Keele, in press), cerebellar patients were found to be impaired on both a motor and a perceptual task which required accurate timing. This report presents case study analyses of seven patients with focal lesions in the cerebellum. The lesions were predominantly in the lateral, hemispheric regions for four of the patients. For the remaining three patients, the lesions were centered near the medial zone of the cerebellum. The clinical evaluation of the patients also was in agreement with the different lesion foci: lateral lesions primarily impaired fine motor coordination, especially apparent in movements with the distal extremities and medial lesions primarily disturbed balance and gait. All of the patients were found to have increased variability in performing rhythmic tapping when tapping with an effector (finger or foot) ipsilateral to the lesion in comparison to their performance with a contralateral effector. Separable estimates of a central timekeeper component and an implementation component were derived from the total variability scores following a model developed by Wing and Kristofferson (1973). This analysis indicated that the poor performance of patients with lateral lesions can be attributed to a deficit in the central timing process. In contrast, patients with medial lesions are able to accurately determine when to make a response, but are unable to implement the response at the desired time. A similar dissociation between the lateral and medial regions has been observed on a time perception task in patients with cerebellar atrophy. It is concluded that the lateral regions of the cerebellum are critical for the accurate functioning of an internal timing system. PMID- 3208856 TI - Field potential response changes in the rabbit olfactory bulb accompany behavioral habituation during the repeated presentation of unreinforced odors. AB - Experiments were performed on waking rabbits to investigate the changes in both sniffing behavior and local field potential responses in the olfactory bulb during repeated exposure to unreinforced odors. Six rabbits were each implanted with 2 pairs of electrodes for differential recording of the bulbar extracellular field potential. Each animal was given 3 sequential sessions to each of 2 separate odors on 6 consecutive days, while monitoring the bulbar field potential activity and sniffing behavior. Behavioral sniffing responses exhibited rapid within-session decrement in amplitude and long term decrement across sessions. The within-session decrement showed spontaneous recovery between sessions. Both decremental changes in sniffing behavior were accompanied by changes in the bulbar field potential responses. The responses to novel odors were characterized by a reduction in amplitude of high frequency activity (40-80 Hz) and a corresponding increase in amplitude of low frequency activity (15-25 Hz). The high frequency component of the responses showed an initial increase in frequency to a novel odor on the first 3 presentations followed by a rapid decrease in frequency on subsequent trials in the first session which stabilized thereafter. No change in frequency or relative amplitude was observed for the low frequency component. The absolute difference between the odor evoked activity and the preceding control activity measured on each trial showed a significant decrement across sessions with no evidence for spontaneous recovery. The results demonstrate that olfactory bulb responses to novel unreinforced odors show both rapid and long-term changes which parallel changes in sniffing behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208858 TI - What facial features activate face neurons in the inferotemporal cortex of the monkey? AB - Single neurons were recorded in the inferotemporal cortex (IT) of a monkey trained to discriminate three selected human faces from a large number of different faces. Neurons which were not responsive to non-face visual stimuli used in the task but were responsive to certain sets of faces were found in the gyrus of the IT. The correlation analysis between the quantified facial features and the responses has revealed that face neurons detect the combination of the distances between facial parts such as eyes, mouth, eyebrows, hair, and so on. One of the face neurons detected the combination of the degree that the forehead above the left eye covered with hair and the distance between the eyes and the mouth. The results of this analysis have given appropriate reason for naming the neurons as the face neurons. PMID- 3208857 TI - Vestibulospinal and reticulospinal interactions in the activation of back muscle EMG in the rat. AB - The effects of electrical stimulation of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and medullary reticular formation (RF) on electromyographic activity in axial muscles medial longissimus (ML) and lateral longissimus (LL) in the rat were studied. Long trains (150-500 ms) at 200-330 Hz and 20-100 microA were sufficient to activate ML and LL at latencies of 20-100 ms from the beginning of the train. Results of stimulation at 200-330 Hz to RF or LVN showed that muscle units were activated at a fixed latency from any effective pulse in the stimulus train. Using high frequency (1 kHz) trains of 3-6 pulses to LVN, EMG activity was detected at minimum latencies of 3.5-6 ms. When conduction times from the medulla to the spinal cord, and the spinal cord to the muscle are subtracted, this latency range is consistent with monosynaptic activation. In many cases, muscle units were recruited in order of size, with both RF and LVN stimulation. Combined stimulation of LVN and RF sites in n. gigantocellularis led to EMG activity in ML and LL at currents which were insufficient to evoke activity when presented singly. When stimulation of one site (300-400 ms train) was just sufficient to evoke a response, a shorter, overlapping train (100-150 ms) to the other site led to a higher rate of muscle activity that continued through the end of the long train, even after the short train had ended. In all cases, the effect of RF facilitating LVN was similar to the effect of LVN facilitating RF. The evidence for convergence between these two systems in the medulla and the spinal cord is discussed. PMID- 3208859 TI - The effects of neonatal capsaicin treatment on the sensory innervation of the nipple and on the milk ejection reflex in the rat. AB - Much of the sensory innervation of the nipple is provided by fibers of small calibre (A delta and C). In order to determine the contribution of unmyelinated C fibers to this innervation and to the physiology of lactation, mammary afferents were studied in rats that had succeeded in lactating after neonatal treatment with capsaicin, a neurotoxin which selectively destroys C-fibers. After subcutaneous injection of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) into the nipple of capsaicin-treated lactating rats, cell counts and surface area estimates of peroxidase-labelled and unlabelled cells were made in the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and compared to values obtained in untreated lactating females that had received similar tracer injections. The segmental distribution of HRP-labelled primary sensory neurons in the capsaicin treated rats was similar to that in untreated controls, but the number of labelled cells was significantly reduced at each segmental level. This reduction reflected a marked decrease in C-fibers, since there was a striking reduction in the number of small HRP-labelled and unlabelled cell bodies in the DRG and unmyelinated fibers in the dorsal roots. Peroxidase labelling within the dorsal horn of capsaicin-treated rats was also substantially diminished. About 40% of the females that had been treated neonatally with capsaicin gave birth and lactated. Although the average weight gain of their litters was retarded with respect to that of litters of untreated controls, the milk ejection reflex appeared to function normally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208860 TI - Neurophysiological properties of the retinal ganglion cell classes of the Cuban treefrog, Hyla septentrionalis. AB - The properties of the retinal ganglion cell classes in the cuban treefrog Hyla septentrionalis were studied qualitatively and quantitatively. In the superficial layers of the optic tectum three main classes of afferent optic nerve fibers could be distinguished, class-1*, class-3 and class-4 neurons. Hyla displays a more "classical" organization of the receptive fields in class-1* neurons and a weaker inhibitory surround and lower thresholds with respect to velocity, size and contrast than in Bufo or ranid frogs. The functions for velocity, contrast, size of stimulus, neuronal adaptation and adaptation to background luminance level were evaluated. Experiments with monochromatic light spots are mentioned. The results are compared to those of other amphibia and the diversity of the retinal ganglion cell properties in the different species is stressed as an important factor in the processing of the various ganglion cell types at the tectal level. PMID- 3208861 TI - Striatal influences on paravermal cerebellar activity. AB - Units were recorded extracellularly in paravermal cortex (lobule VI) of the cerebellum of chloralose anesthetized cats. Electrical stimulation of the striatum evoked excitation followed by inhibition in these neurons. In addition, the somatosensory properties of these cells were also affected by the striatum. A conditioning-test paradigm (C-T) was used in which conditioning stimulation was applied to the striatum. Test responses were evoked in cerebellar neurons by facial stimulation. As a function of the C-T interval, striatal stimulation could either enhance or suppress the test facial responses. In another procedure, a moveable electrode was used to map the thresholds for affecting the cerebellum from different points in the striatum. The lowest mean threshold was in the putamen followed respectively by the internal capsule and caudate nucleus. Control experiments suggested that striatal effects on the cerebellum were due neither to extra-striatal current spread nor antidromic activation of corticostriatal fibers. These data were discussed with regard to models of striatal motor functioning that indicate a role in postural control and sensory gating. PMID- 3208862 TI - Projections from the ventral tegmental area and mesencephalic raphe to the dorsal raphe nucleus in the rat. Evidence for a minor dopaminergic component. AB - The origins of the dopaminergic innervation of the rat dorsal raphe nucleus (NRD) have been investigated using a combination of fluorescent retrograde tracing and fluorescence histochemistry. Stereotaxic microinjections of True Blue were placed in the central, caudal and lateral portions of the NRD, and after 6-12 days survival the brains were processed for fluorescence histochemical detection of catecholamines. Retrogradely labeled neurons were searched for in the diencephalic A11 and A13 dopaminergic cell groups, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the linear, central superior and dorsal raphe nuclei. The various NRD injections consistently resulted in retrograde labeling of a small number of catecholamine-containing, presumed dopaminergic cell bodies, confined mainly to three regions: the VTA, the linear and central superior raphe nuclei and the NRD itself. The present findings indicate that not only dopaminergic neurons in the VTA but also the system of catecholamine-containing cells, extending dorsally and caudally from the VTA within the midline raphe area, project to the NRD. Although often similar in size, shape and distribution to the catecholaminergic neurons the majority of retrogradely labeled cells in these regions were, however, found to be non-catecholaminergic. PMID- 3208863 TI - Nystagmus induced by off-vertical rotation axis in the cat. AB - 1) In the alert cat, nystagmus induced by off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) was recorded following steps in head velocity or ramps of velocity at constant acceleration below canal threshold. Dependence of nystagmus characteristics on tilt angle of rotation axis and head velocity was studied. Similar results were obtained with both types of stimulation. 2) Mean and modulation amplitude of horizontal eye velocity increased with tilt angle in the range 0-30 degrees. 3) Both variables increased also with head velocity, but with different trends, probably because they are set by different mechanisms. When head rotational velocity was increased above 80 degrees/s, mean eye velocity progressively decreased to zero. 4) In spite of variations from one animal to another, some regularity was observed in the phase of eye velocity modulation. In several cases, a reduction in phase lead of eye velocity with respect to conventional origin of phases (nose-down position) was observed when head velocity increased. 5) Time constant of post-OVAR nystagmus decreased with the tilt angle of the rotation axis from gravity, but not with the orientation of the head with respect to rotation axis. 6) The results could be accounted for by a general equation describing the vestibulo-ocular reflex, provided that estimates of kinematic variables of head movement (head rotational and translational velocities), and visual target distance could be computed by the Central Nervous System. PMID- 3208864 TI - Cutaneous control of group I pathways from ankle flexors to extensors in man. AB - Reciprocal inhibition from the anterior tibial muscle onto antagonist motoneurones of the soleus muscle was studied in normal man under control conditions and after low intensity stimulation of cutaneous afferent fibres from the sole and dorsal region of the ipsilateral and contralateral foot. Ipsilateral cutaneous stimulation increased the reciprocal inhibition to the soleus motoneurones, without qualitative differences between the effect from the sole and that from the dorsal region of the foot. Stimulation of cutaneous afferent fibres from the contralateral foot produced the reverse effect, i.e., depression of the Ia reciprocal inhibition from the tibialis anterior to the soleus motoneurones. No effects could be observed when cutaneous areas other than those of the foot were stimulated. The effects of cutaneous stimulation on the reciprocal inhibition became evident only when this inhibition approached its maximum and, thus, they most strongly influenced its recovery phase. Since cutaneous stimulation does not modify the test reflex when given alone, it is likely that there must be convergence on common premotoneuronal interneurones. Indirect evaluation of central delay suggests that the cutaneous afferent fibres from the foot have oligosynaptic spinal connections with interneurones belonging to the group I pathways to the antagonists. Our findings furnish additional evidence that short-latency inhibition of soleus motoneurones after a single conditioning stimulation of group I afferents from the tibialis anterior muscle constitutes a true example of disynaptic Ia reciprocal inhibition in man. PMID- 3208866 TI - Application of megakaryocytic morphology in diagnosing 5q- syndrome. AB - In order to evaluate the diagnostic importance of the megakaryocytic morphology in the 5q- syndrome we studied the bone marrow from 48 unselected patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). 44 cases were primary and 4 secondary to cytostatic drug treatment or irradiation. There were 24 cases with chromosome anomalies, of whom 10 had del (5q). 4 of these had refractory anaemia (RA) with 5q- as the sole anomaly (group A), 2 had RA with 5q- and additional chromosome anomalies consisting of trisomy 8 (group B); 3 patients had RA with excess of blasts (RAEB) and complex, karyotypic changes also including 5q- (group B). Changes of the same type were found in 1 case of multiple myeloma with secondary MDS. All 6 RA patients with 5q- had characteristic megakaryocytes. More than 50% of the cells had no more than 2 nuclear segments, and predominantly had a diameter of 30 micron or more. No other patient with RA showed this picture. Only 1 patient with RAEB 5q- in group B had the same megakaryocytic changes. We conclude that diagnosis of a 5q- syndrome may be strongly suspected in cases of RA with these bone marrow changes. In cases of RAEB 5q- group B the bone marrow examination did not reveal the same consistent changes. PMID- 3208867 TI - Experimental basis of standardized specimen collection: the effect of the site of venipuncture on the blood picture, the white blood cell differential count, and the serum albumin concentration. AB - The effect of the specimen collection site on blood picture and WBC differential count was investigated in 13 and 25 volunteers, respectively. Lower values were found for the mature neutrophils and higher monocyte values in ear and finger blood compared to venous blood. There were no statistically significant differences in the WBC differential count values found in the ear and finger specimens. A higher S-Alb concentration was found in ear and finger specimens compared to venous blood. The average WBC concentration was higher in the ear and finger specimens than in the venous blood (7.66 x 10(9)/l, 7.11 x 10(9)/l and 6.88 x 10(9)/l, respectively). Also the platelet concentration exhibited a statistically significant difference, the mean concentrations being 273 x 10(9)/l, 260 x 10(9)/l and 231 x 10(9)/l in the vein, finger and ear specimens, respectively. The differences found are partly explained by peripheral ultrafiltration of intravascular fluid, leading to haemoconcentration, and partly by the different properties of different white blood cells. In conclusion, the specimens for blood picture and WBC differential count should always be obtained from the same site, especially in follow-up cases. PMID- 3208865 TI - Eye movements induced by off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) at small angles of tilt. AB - Off-vertical rotation (OVAR) in darkness induced continuous horizontal nystagmus in humans at small tilts of the rotation axis (5 to 30 degrees). The horizontal slow eye velocity had two components: a mean velocity in the direction opposite to head rotation and a sinusoidal modulation around the mean. Mean velocity generally did not exceed 10 deg/s, and was less than or equal to the maximum velocity of optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN). Both the mean and modulation components of horizontal nystagmus increased with tilt angle and rotational velocity. Vertical slow eye velocity was also modulated sinusoidally, generally around zero. The amplitude of the vertical modulation increased with tilt angle, but not with rotational velocity. In addition to modulations in eye velocity, there were also modulations in horizontal and vertical eye positions. These would partially compensate for head position changes in the yaw and pitch planes during each cycle of OVAR. Modulations in vertical eye position were regular, increased with increases in tilt angle and were separated from eye velocity by 90 deg. These results are compatible with the interpretation that, during OVAR, mean slow velocity of horizontal nystagmus is produced by the velocity storage mechanism in the vestibular system. In addition, they indicate that the otolith organs induce compensatory eye position changes with regard to gravity for tilts in the pitch, yaw and probably also the roll planes. Such compensatory changes could be utilized to study the function of the otolith organs. A functional interpretation of these results is that nystagmus attempts to stabilize the image on the retina of one point of the surrounding world. Mean horizontal velocity would then be opposite to the estimate of head rotational velocity provided by the output of the velocity storage mechanism, as charged by an otolithic input during OVAR. In spite of the lack of actual translation, an estimate of head translational velocity could, in this condition, be constructed from the otolithic signal. The modulation in horizontal eye position would then be compensatory for the perceived head translation. Modulation of vertical eye velocity would compensate for actual changes in head orientation with respect to gravity. PMID- 3208868 TI - Pattern of platelet-associated immunoglobulin (classes and IgG subclasses) in childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Platelet-associated Ig classes and IgG subclasses were studied by a semiquantitative platelet ELISA test in 17 children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). An elevation of PAIg was found in 94% of the children. In nearly all cases increased amounts of PAIgG of subclass G1 was seen, and in half of the cases increased amounts of PAIgM were also seen. No statistical difference in the composition of PAIg classes and PAIgG subclasses in acute and in chronic ITP was found. However, a correlation of increased amount of PAIgG3 and very low platelet count (20 x 10(9)/l) was observed. PMID- 3208869 TI - Aggressive treatment improves survival in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - 20 consecutive adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with an intense induction regimen including vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisolone, L asparaginase and cyclophosphamide. 16 patients (80%) achieved complete remission and were then given CNS prophylaxis and 3 years of maintenance therapy. With minimum follow-up of 24 months, the median duration of first remission is 37+ months. Out of 10 patients who have completed maintenance therapy, 2 have relapsed after 14 and 22 months, respectively, and 7 are in continuous complete remission 1+-55+ months off therapy. PMID- 3208870 TI - Vacuoles in red cells from splenectomized subjects originate during cell life: association with glycosylated haemoglobin? AB - Whole blood from splenectomized subjects (n = 8) contained a substantial percentage of vacuolated ('pitted') red cells (34.7 +/- 8.3%), while blood from controls revealed none. The percentage of haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) had increased significantly compared with controls (p less than 0.01). Fractionation on cell density revealed that the number of 'pitted' cells and the HbA1 percentage were associated with increased cell density. Fractionation on cell volume showed that 'pitted' cells are equally distributed in fractions with varying mean cell volume (MCV) and that decreasing MCV was associated with a linear rise of HbA1. It appeared that, shortly after splenectomy (n = 4), 'pits' develop early in cell life and that also older cells, after previous splenic contact, are capable of pit formation. A positive correlation found between the number of 'pitted' cells and the percentage of HbA1 might point to an impaired release of HbA1, manifest in the presence of 'pits'. The increased percentage of HbA1 in whole blood from splenectomized subjects may thus be explained. PMID- 3208872 TI - Expression of histiocyte-associated antigens on Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. PMID- 3208873 TI - High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (HIVMP) for acquired aplastic anemia. PMID- 3208871 TI - Short-term intensive treatment (V.A.A.P.) of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma. AB - Increased dosages of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) have been shown to be active in remission induction and consolidation treatment of patients with primary refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (lyNHL). From August 1983 to December 1986 we treated 25 patients with ALL (9) and lyNHL, stage III and IV (16), median age 22 (range 15-48 yr) with a protocol consisting of remission induction with vincristine, prednisone, adriamycine and Ara-C (1 g/m2 twice daily as 2-h infusion d1-6) and intrathecal methotrexate, followed by consolidation courses with vincristine, prednisone, adriamycine and Ara-C (3 g/m2, twice daily as 2-h infusion d1-4) and intrathecal methotrexate. Some patients received CNS and/or mediastinal irradiation. No maintenance was given. 18 patients (72%) achieved complete remission (5 of the 11 previously treated and 13 of the 14 previously untreated patients). Consolidation courses were given to 17 patients. 5 of them relapsed in the bone marrow (3), skin (1) and CNS plus bone marrow (1) at 5, 5, 6, 6 and 24 months. The duration of complete remission ranged from 5 to 51+ months; the median could not yet be calculated. Short-term intensive treatment might be a worthwhile approach for ALL and lyNHL. PMID- 3208874 TI - About primary myelofibrosis. PMID- 3208875 TI - The Pink test in the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis. PMID- 3208876 TI - Myocardial infarction before the age of 20 is rare. PMID- 3208877 TI - Zero-order drug release from monolithic polydimethylsiloxane matrices through controlled polymer cracking. PMID- 3208878 TI - [Determination of 3-methylhistidine in urine with HPLC]. PMID- 3208879 TI - [Mutagenic activity of browning in model systems with three components]. PMID- 3208880 TI - [A method of modelling myocardial fibrillation]. AB - A method of controlled atrial fibrillation modelling including the paired stimulation of the right atrium induced by using a transvenous bipolar catheter during vagal arrest of the heart is presented. The myocardial fibrillation is supposed to result from a critical shortening of the absolute refractory period with relation to the hypothetic period of potential self-excitation normally overlapped by the absolute refractory period. PMID- 3208881 TI - [Positive reinforcing properties of klofelin]. AB - The primary and secondary reinforcing and analgesic effects of clonidine were compared with those of morphine in the experiments on rats. Clonidine was demonstrated to possess weak positive reinforcing properties that make it possible to predict a relatively low narcogenic potential of this drug in comparison with morphine at the equianalgesic doses. PMID- 3208882 TI - [Effect of angiotensin II and naloxone on the nociceptive sensitivity of rabbits undergoing electrostimulation of the skin and dental pulp]. AB - In unanesthetized rabbits intraventricular and intravenous administration of angiotensin II resulted in a decrease of the somatosensory evoked potential amplitude in response to nociceptive electrodental stimulation but not nociceptive electrocutaneous stimulation. Saralasin administered intraventricularly abolished the effect of angiotensin II. Naloxone injected by the same route increased the evoked potential amplitude in response to electrodental but not to electrocutaneous stimulation and also reversed the analgesic effect of angiotensin II. The selectivity of the antinociceptive effect of angiotensin II is probably due to the presence of different specific peptide pain mechanisms of varying origin. PMID- 3208883 TI - [Effect of dimephosphon on the blood circulation and oxygen tension in the brain of normal waking rabbits and in motion sickness]. AB - By using methods of hydrogen clearance and polarography it was shown that rocking of conscious rabbits is followed by an increase of total cerebral blood flow, local blood flow and oxygen tension (pO2) in the frontal, occipital and temporal brain cortex during hypotension and a decrease of the heart rate. Dimephosphon causes a decrease of the cerebral blood flow both during the stationary position of animals and rocking, exerting a weak influence on pO2 in the cerebral cortex, arterial blood pressure and the heart work. PMID- 3208884 TI - [Mechanisms of the anti-anginal effect of korinfar]. AB - Some clinical, hemodynamic and biochemical parameters were studied in 25 patients with ischemic heart disease of II-III functional classes depending on the presence of the antianginal effect during paired loading pharmacodynamic tests with corinfar. The antianginal effect of corinfar was found to be associated with a marked growth of "double product" and the presence of a clinical symptom of adaptation. In patients with the lack of corinfar antianginal effect there were noted the adaptation symptom absence and a higher blood catecholamine level. A decrease of the postloading did not correlate with the drug antianginal effect. The data could indicate that in the mechanism of corinfar antianginal effect the determining factor is its direct influence on the coronary circulation. PMID- 3208885 TI - [Effect of synthetic analogs of the sex steroid hormones on the secretory and proliferative activity of the adenohypophysis in vivo and in vitro in rats]. AB - Synthetic steroid compounds STS 557 and STS 737 administered to ovariectomized rats increased prolactin secretion to a lesser extent than estradiol benzoate or estrogen J 271. When injected to estradiol benzoate treated ovariectomized rats, compounds STS 557, STS 737 and progesterone failed to change DNA synthesis in the adenohypophysis and prolactin secretion. Only compound STS 737 exerted a pronounced effect on the adenohypophyseal cells in primary cultures. It inhibited DNA synthesis and prolactin secretion. These effects were synergistic with the inhibitory action of bromocriptine (CB-154) that is of certain interest for elaborating methods of treatment of pituitary hyperplasias and tumours. PMID- 3208886 TI - [The mechanism of the antihypoxic action of indomethacin, voltaren and ibuprofen]. AB - The antihypoxic effects of indomethacin, voltaren and ibuprofen were studied experimentally by the parameters of acid-base equilibrium of the blood and the ratio of lactic and pyruvic acids in the blood during chronic hemic and respiratory hypoxia. The results of the studies suggested that indomethacin, voltaren and to a lesser extent ibuprofen in the tested doses (10% LD50) exerted the antihypoxic action that consisted in the improvement of oxygen supply to tissues under conditions of its deficiency, the decrease of incompletely oxidized products of metabolism, the enhancement of hemoglobin synthesis and the ability of voltaren to influence the increase of the number of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood. PMID- 3208887 TI - [The mechanisms of the immunostimulating action of plant heteropolysaccharides]. AB - In experiments on Wistar rats it was found that oral administration of heteropolysaccharide preparations isolated from medicinal plants of Asteraceae, Tiliaceae and Polygonaceae families induces the appearance in the blood serum and supernatant fluid of cells of the spleen and thymus of humoral immunostimulating substances. Similar factors appear in the supernatant fluid of cells of the spleen and thymus after their treatment with sera of the rats receiving polysaccharides. The administration of the preparations significantly changes the appearance of the immunostimulating factors in animals with the toxic liver damage as well as under intensive physical exercise. PMID- 3208888 TI - [The immunodepressive and lympholytic action of kortifen]. AB - The study of the effect of a new antitumor drug cortifen on humoral immunity in experiments on CBA mice showed that it is a potent and long acting immunodepressant. The degree of immunity depression was found to be drug dose dependent. The hormonal components of cortifen failed to exert the immunodepressive action. The alkylating component, chlorphenacyl, on the contrary, had the immunostimulating effect. PMID- 3208889 TI - [Cytochrome P-450-dependent mechanisms of the biosynthesis of protein-conjugated benzo(a)pyrene antigens and their role in the development of a specific immune response to this carcinogen]. AB - There was studied the possibility of covalent binding to proteins of a carcinogenic compound benzo(a)pyrene in the system of cytochrome P-450 of the liver and the possibility of the development of the immune reaction to administration of the conjugated antigens obtained in such a way to animals. It was shown that under experimental conditions modelling the processes of microsomal oxidation of benzo(a)pyrene in the organism there occurs irreversible binding of 14C-benzo(a)pyrene both to microsomes and the added albumin. Immunization of rabbits by conjugates benzo(a)pyrene-albumin and benzo(a)pyrene microsomes leads to the development of the immune response to the original carcinogen. The antibodies and lymphocytes specifically binding 14C benzo(a)pyrene appear in the blood. PMID- 3208890 TI - [The ambiguous nature of the action of m-cholinolytics in chlorophos poisoning]. AB - The comparative study revealed significant differences in the effects of antimuscarinics on the outcome of intoxication in animals induced by direct and indirect cholinomimetics. The doses of the agents possessing equal choline blocking activity provide different levels of protection at chlorophos-induced intoxication of animals that is not observed at carbacholine-induced intoxication. The differences in the effects of direct and indirect cholinomimetics were used for the elaboration of the methodical approach that made it possible to formulate a hypothesis about the ambivalent character of the action of antimuscarinics. The hypothesis implies that the protective activity of the agents at intoxication by organophosphorus compounds is determined by the ratio of their effects on pre- and postsynaptic cholinoreceptors. PMID- 3208891 TI - Synthesis of some derivatives of 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin 1-yl)-3-quino linecarbo xylic acid (norfloxacin) as potential antibacterial agents. AB - Twelve new fluoroquinolones, structurally related to norfloxacin, have been synthesized in order to investigate the effect of substituents at the secondary nitrogen of the piperazine ring on antimicrobial activity. The new substances (carbamates, isoureas, guanidines, ureas and cyanamides) tested on a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms showed lower activity than the model compound. PMID- 3208892 TI - Biological study of triterpenequinones from celastraceae. AB - The cytostatic activity of several triterpenequinone methides isolated from Rzedowskia tolantonguensis and Maytenus horrida (Celastraceae) was evaluated against HeLa cell cultures. Their ID50 were determined and compared with those of other related compounds. A preliminary study of the antibacterial activity of the above triterpenequinone methides was also carried out. PMID- 3208893 TI - [Antifungal phytoiatric activity of 4-aroylanilides]. AB - Some N-acylderivatives of 4-aroylanilines were prepared and tested for phytoiatric antimycotic activity. The substances, most unknown, were subjected to in vitro and in vivo tests (in preventive phase). The compounds studied proved to have interesting activity. PMID- 3208894 TI - [Antifungal phytoiatric activity of 4-aroylanilides]. AB - Some N-acyl- and N-carbamoylderivatives of 3-aroylanilines were prepared and tested for phytoiatric antimycotic activity. The substances, all unknown, were subjected to in vitro and in vivo tests (in preventive phase). The compounds studied proved to have interesting activity. PMID- 3208895 TI - Formation of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, a highly genotoxic compound, from the reaction of sodium nitrite with the sympathomimetic drug dimethophrine in acidic aqueous solution. AB - Because of the genotoxic effects shown by Dimethophrine (DMP) nitrosation mixtures, the interaction between DMP hydrochloride and sodium nitrite in acidic aqueous solution at 37 degrees was investigated in a wide range of reagent concentrations and molar ratios, reaction times and pH values. Actually, depending on the operating conditions, it was possible to detect variable amounts of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ), a highly genotoxic compound, but no N nitrosoderivative. The highest conversion of DMP into DMBQ was obtained when concentrated acidic solutions of DMP and NaNO2 (molar ratio 1:1.9) reacted at pH 3.0-4.0 (50-60% after 1 hour, depending on the pH conditions). When DMP hydrochloride and NaNO2 (molar ratio 1:0.95) were allowed to react at pH 3.5 in a more diluted solution, to mimic gastric conditions, the conversion of DMP into DMBQ after 20 min was about 3%. The breakdown of DMP can be prevented by adding suitable amounts of ascorbic acid to the reagents. PMID- 3208896 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological study of 5-aryl-6-methyl-4,5-dihydro-pyridazin 3(2H)ones and related 5-aryl-6-methyl-pyridazin-3(2H)ones. AB - New 5-aryl-6-methyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)ones (III) and related 5-aryl-6 methyl-pyridazin-3(2H)ones (IV) were synthesized in order to evaluate their pharmacological profile in comparison with that of the known class of antihypertensive and platelet aggregation inhibitors 5-methyl-6-aryl-4,5 dihydropyridazin 3(2H)ones (I). Though none of the tested derivatives was found to possess the antihypertensive potency of the reference compounds, some of them displayed significant antithrombotic and antiulcer properties. In particular, 5(p. acetylaminophenyl)-6-methyl-pyridazin-3-one (IV c) was found highly effective (ED50 = 1.2 mg/kg) in inhibiting indomethacin-induced ulcers. PMID- 3208897 TI - [Synthesis and anti-ulcer activity of 3-arylprop-2-enthionoethyl esters]. AB - A series of 3-arylprop-2-enthionoester derivatives was synthesized. These compounds were evaluated for their antiulcer activity. Derivatives [(H), (V), (VIII)] showed a noteworthy activity. PMID- 3208898 TI - Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of a new series of monobactam derivatives. AB - Using as a model monobactams with a substituted alpha-oxyimino moiety in the side chain (aztreonam), a series of 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-hydrazono-acetamido monobactam (II a, f) were prepared by condensation of the hydrazones (I a, e) (Z form) with tetrabutylammonium 3-amino-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidin-sulphonate. Isomerization occurred during this synthesis and gave the E form of all compounds. Monobactams (II a, f) showed no significant in vitro antibacterial activity when compared with aztreonam and with some cephalosporins bearing the same E-hydrazono side chain. PMID- 3208900 TI - [Diet therapy in chronic enteritis]. PMID- 3208899 TI - [Medical control over the physical activities of the population]. PMID- 3208901 TI - [Ascariasis]. PMID- 3208902 TI - [Bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3208903 TI - [The initial manifestations of cerebral circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 3208904 TI - [Speech rehabilitation of aphasic patients]. PMID- 3208905 TI - [Detection of the students in vocational and technical schools who abuse alcoholic drinks]. PMID- 3208906 TI - [The design of health bulletins]. PMID- 3208907 TI - [Pediatric traumatism and its prevention]. PMID- 3208908 TI - [Viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3208910 TI - [The organization of admissions in polyclinics]. PMID- 3208909 TI - [Uterine myoma and ovarian dysfunction]. PMID- 3208911 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on hormonal function of cultured rat Leydig cells. AB - The effect of PGF2 alpha and its analogues on androgen production and activity of delta 5,3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat Leydig cells in vitro was investigated. Prostaglandin of the F type inhibit the enzyme activity and hormone secretion by cultured Leydig cells. This effect was considerably stronger in Leydig cells isolated from mature rats, than by Leydig cells from immature animals. PMID- 3208912 TI - The improvement of polyethylene glycol-induced cell fusion by incubation of cells in a medium with increased NaCl concentration. AB - Incubation of cells in a medium with NaCl concentration increased by 0.2 mol/l for one hour prior to and one hour after the polyethylene glycol induced cell fusion improves the performance of fusion. This procedure increases the percentage of fused cells, the formation of massive fusion products (in case of fusion performed in suspension) and allows the improvement of cell viability. The possible mechanisms involved in such effects of increased NaCl concentration are discussed. PMID- 3208914 TI - Changes in the morphology of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells caused by hyperosmotic media. AB - It was found that Ehrlich ascites tumour cells undergo significant morphology changes in media in which osmolarity is increased by NaCl or Hanks' balanced salt solution. The morphology changes include formation of filopodia- and lamellipodia like cell surface protrusions. Their formation is enhanced by an addition of cytochalasin B. The data obtained suggest that both changes in plasma membrane properties and changes in activity of contractile apparatus participate in the formation of cell surface protrusions. PMID- 3208913 TI - Restricted amino acid nutrition induces attachment to glass and spreading of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells were cultured in vitro in Eagle's MEM and Medium 199 with a lowered amino-acid content. Under these conditions EAT cells lose their rounded shape typical of highly malignant cancer cells, and begin to spread on the substratum. The changes in EAT cell morphology are preceded by a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis. These changes were maintained for three days after returning the cells to Eagle's MEM with a normal amino-acid content, but the return to control media did not cause reasumption of growth in the once spread cells. The increase in glucose content (up to five-fold) or the presence of inhibitors of DNA synthesis did not prevent the attachment and flattening of EAT cells in media with a lowered amino acid content. Several possible mechanisms of the influence of restricted amino-acid availability on the changes in EAT cell surface properties are pointed out and the need for study of cancer cell responses to restricted nutrition is discussed. PMID- 3208915 TI - Dendritic cells in bronchial adenocarcinoma. AB - We studied 28 bronchial adenocarcinomas (including 11 bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas) stained for S-100 protein by the PAP technique in order to visualize dendritic cells in the neoplastic area. Dendritic cells were found in all cases varying in number from single to multiple and from region to region. Bronchiolo alveolar carcinomas contained a similar quantity of these cells. The most numerous dendritic cells up to several scores per microscopical low-power field almost in all fragments of the tumour were found in three adenocarcinomas with numerous foci of the squamous cell metaplasia. Normal and metaplastic squamous epithelium of the bronchial mucosa did not show the presence of dendritic cells. PMID- 3208916 TI - [Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha on steroidogenesis of the PMSG-hCG primed rat ovary in luteolysis]. AB - Activities of the steroidogenic enzymes involved in functional luteolysis and PGF2 alpha induced luteolysis were determined in PMSG-hCG primed immature rats to elucidate the luteolytic effects of PGF2 alpha. Plasma progesterone (P4), plasma 20 alpha dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha OHP4), in vitro production of pregnenolone (P5) from endogenous cholesterol in ovarian mitochondria (8,000 X g pellet; Mt), activities of 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) in ovarian microsome (105,000 X g pellet; Ms) and 20 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha HSD) in ovarian cytosol(105,000 X g supernatant; Sup) were determined. For the investigation of intramitochondrial transport of cholesterol, measurement of free cholesterol (FCh) of Mt and the Lineweaver-Burk plotting for cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CSCC), prepared by osmotic shock and sonication of Mt, were carried out. Functional life span of the rat corpus luteum was estimated as 12 days post hCG treatment from plasma P4. As plasma P4 decreased, concomitant increase in plasma 20 alpha OHP4 was observed. In vitro production of P5 in Mt correlated well with plasma P4 levels, indicating cholesterol side-chain cleavage reaction is the rate limiting step involved in ovarian steroidogenesis. In contrast, both values of Km and Vmax of CSCC did not change between day 7, on which the highest value of plasma P4 observed, and day 12, on which functional luteolysis was ascertained from plasma P4. Both FCh of Mt and the activity of 3 beta HSD in Ms remained unchanged during the functional life of the corpus luteum. The activity of 20 alpha HSD in Sup increased from day 10 post hCG treatment in accordance with plasma 20 alpha OHP4. These results indicate that 1) decrease in availability of FCh to CSCC within mitochondria and 2) increase in catabolism of P4 into inactive progestin, 20 alpha OHP4, may play key roles in the functional luteolysis. To compare the events observed in functional luteolysis with PGF2 alpha induced luteolysis, the animals were treated either with PGF2 alpha (1 mg/rat; s.c.), cycloheximide (5 mg/rat; i.p.; CX), or vehicle on day 7 post hCG treatment, and sacrificed 1 hour later for the analyses mentioned above. Both plasma P4 and in vitro production of P5 in Mt decreased significantly with PGF2 alpha or CX treatment, whereas the FCh of Mt and the activity of CSCC remained unchanged with PGF2 alpha treatment. Both plasma 20 alpha OHP4 and 20 alpha HSD in Sup increased with PGF2 alpha treatment. However, CX suppressed both of them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3208917 TI - [A study of progestin, glucocorticoid binding and glycogen content in rat endometrium before and after implantation: effect of antiprogesterone RU-38486]. AB - Pregnant rats were injected with 3H RU38486 into the uterine cavity on day 2, 4, 5 and 8 of pregnancy. Before implantation, the saturable RU binding increased significantly (day 2 vs. 4; 30.0 +/- 2.3 vs. 640.0 +/- 17.9 dpm/g, p less than 0.001). After implantation, the binding became higher at the nidation site (implantation vs. non-implantation site; 1156.1 +/- 237.1 vs. 595.0 +/- 24.3, p less than 0.001, day 5). The dexamethasone suppressive RU binding, on the other hand, showed no significant increase during day 4, 5 and 8. Daily administration of RU38486 during day 4 and 8 caused failure to implant or to develop normal conceptus. The endometrium in these RU treated animals was stained for tissue glycogen and studied light microscopically. The tissue glycogen content appeared to be markedly decreased in RU treated animals but only at the site of implantation. The decrease was observed in both decidua and trophoblasts but not in myometrium or decidual epithelium. The present results indicate; (1) In rats, endometrial progesterone binding increases prior to implantation. (2) After implantation, the nidation site further increases its saturable progesterone uptake compared to the non-implantation site. (3) When normal process of implantation is inhibited by RU38486 administration, there occurs a decrease in the glycogen synthesis at the nidation site, including decidua and trophoblasts. PMID- 3208919 TI - [A study on the membrane Na+ efflux of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)]. AB - In order to elucidate the mechanism of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) from the point of view of vascular resistance, we measured the intracellular Na+ concentrations and the membrane Na+ effluxes using red blood cells from normal pregnant females and patients with PIH. We also discussed the influences of hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), hydrocortisol, human placental lactogen (hPL), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and prolactin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the membrane Na+ effluxes. The intracellular Na+ concentrations were lower and the Na+-K+-ATPase activities were slightly higher both in the luteal phase and in the first trimester of normal pregnancy than those in the follicular phase, after which the former gradually increased and the latter gradually decreased until term to the mean values of those in the whole menstrual period. In mild PIH, the intracellular Na+ concentrations were not significantly increased, and the Na+-K+-ATPase activities were significantly increased compared to those in the third trimester of normal pregnancy, which suggests the compensatory increase of the Na+-K+-ATPase activities as opposed to the increase of the intracellular Na+ concentrations. In severe PIH, the intracellular Na+ concentrations were significantly increased compared with those in the third trimester of normal pregnancy and slightly increased compared with those in mild PIH, whereas the Na+-K+-ATPase activities were slightly decreased compared with those in mild PIH, which indicates a breakdown of the compensatory increase of the Na+-K+-ATPase activities. The intracellular Na+ concentrations in PIH are significantly correlated to diastolic pressure, systolic pressure and mean blood pressure. When the male red blood cells were incubated with the hormone, dose-dependently the Na+-K+-ATPase activities were significantly elevated by hydrocortisol and slightly elevated by progesterone and hPL, and they were significantly depressed by estrogen and prolactin and slightly depressed by PTH. These results suggest that the peripheral vascular resistance might be increased in the third trimester of normal pregnancy compared with that in the first trimester because the intracellular Na+ concentrations were elevated, and the Na+-K+-ATPase activities in the cell membrane were decreased along the course of pregnancy as a result of the effects of various hormones in the maternal blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3208918 TI - [Ovarian inhibin activity in rats with persistent estrus]. AB - To investigate the significance of changes in ovarian inhibin in gonadal dysfunction with persistent estrus, female rats with persistent estrus were studied as animal model for polycystic ovaries (PCO). Newborn female Wistar rats treated with testosterone propionate s. c. (TP) and female rats raised under continuous light (LL) started at 9 weeks of age entered into continuous estrus 5 and 2 or 3 weeks after the treatment, respectively. Ovaries in both groups had many polycystic follicles Normal adult female rats with 4 day cycles were served as control. Ovarian inhibin content was measured by FSH suppressing activity of charcoal-treated ovarian homogenates using a rat anterior pituitary cell culture system. Blood samples were obtained at 11:00 a. m. and plasma levels of LH, FSH, PRL, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and testosterone were measured by RIA. Comparisons were made statistically between each experimental group and normal proestrus (PE). Both LH and FSH were similar to normal PE in TP LL, suggesting a lack of LH and FSH surges probably through hypothalamic dysfunction in TP and LL. Plasma PRL levels were variably elevated in both groups. Ovarian inhibin contents were comparably high to PE in both groups with parallel increases in plasma E2 and P. Plasma testosterone was elevated only in TP. In conclusion, female rats with persistent estrus induced by TP or LL exhibited polycystic ovarian changes similar to PCO. Increased inhibin content in TP and LL may reflect persistent follicular activity. PMID- 3208920 TI - [The measurement of plasma-free testosterone in normal menstrual females, pregnant females, post menopausal females and vulvar dystrophy]. AB - It is considered that plasma-free testosterone is a bioactive androgen in blood and is more reflective in androgenicity than plasma total testosterone. We measured plasma-free testosterone by dialyzable method in normal menstrual females, pregnant females, post menopausal females and vulvar dystrophy. The values of plasma total testosterone (T), fractional free testosterone (%FT) and plasma-free testosterone (free T) were 0.61 +/- 0.27 (mean +/- SD)ng/ml, 1.19 +/- 0.34% and 0.61 +/- 0.20 ng/kl in the follicular phase of normal menstrual females (n = 25), and 0.57 +/- 0.23 ng/ml, 1.29 +/- 0.46% and 0.56 +/- 0.35 ng/dl in the luteal phase of normal menstrual females (n = 24), respectively. The values in both phases showed no differences from each other. In post menopausal females (n = 18), the concentration of T (0.36 +/- 0.27 ng/ml) and free T (0.52 +/- 0.12 ng/dl) was significantly lower (T: P less than 0.01, free T: P less than 0.05) than that in normal menstrual females. However, %FT in post menopausal females (1.37 +/- 0.12%) was not different as compared with that in normal menstrual females. In pregnant females (n = 2) of second and third trimester, T (0.53 +/- 0.07 ng/ml) was not different as compared with that in normal menstrual females, but %FT (0.67 +/- 0.45%) and free T (0.33 +/- 0.23 ng/dl) were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than in normal menstrual females. In vulvar dystrophy, lichen sclerosus (n = 19) and hyperplastic dystrophy without atypia (n = 12) were measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208921 TI - [Physiological significance of plasma free and conjugated dopamine in healthy volunteers--with special reference to sympathetic nerve activity]. AB - In order to elucidate the physiological significance of plasma dopamine, blood pressure, pulse rate (PR), plasma concentrations of free or conjugated dopamine (free or conjugated pDA), noradrenaline (pNA) and adrenaline (pAd) were measured in 9 healthy volunteers. Blood sampling for the measurements was performed at a basal condition maintaining a supine position for 60 minutes, after twenty minutes 60 degrees head-up tilt (tilt) and an intravenous infusion of 1000 ml 0.9% saline for 2 hours. Following tilt, mean values in diastolic and mean blood pressure, PR, pNA and pAd were significantly increased, while free, conjugated and total pDA were decreased. On the other hand, saline infusion yielded significant decreases in hematocrit, pNA, free, conjugated and total pDA, but blood pressure, PR and pAd remained at the same level. Free/conjugated pDA ratio did not change during tilt or saline infusion. The basal value of free, conjugated or total pDA did not significantly correlate with blood pressure, PR, pNA or pAd, respectively. Furthermore, no significant correlations between the changes in pDAs and hemodynamic parameters, pNA or pAd by tilt or saline infusion were observed. From these results, it was suggested that plasma free or conjugated dopamine in physiological conditions may not be released from sympathetic nerve endings or adrenomedullary glands. Further investigations are needed to clarify the physiological significance of plasma dopamine in humans. PMID- 3208922 TI - [Sister chromatid exchange in some genetic dermatoses]. PMID- 3208923 TI - Serum IgE levels and IgE immune complexes in patients with atopic dermatitis. PMID- 3208924 TI - [Necrobiosis lipoidica--clinical aspects and therapy in 20 cases]. PMID- 3208925 TI - [8-methoxypsoralen dark effect on the HLA system?]. PMID- 3208926 TI - [Photochemotherapy in vitro--direct effect on epidermal lectin-binding of psoriatic and normal skin]. PMID- 3208927 TI - The importance of changes in epidermis at early diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. PMID- 3208928 TI - [Unusual early cutaneous manifestations of Hodgkin's disease. Differential diagnosis, immunologic and pathophysiologic considerations illustrated by a case]. PMID- 3208929 TI - [Dipicolinic acid--an allergen?]. PMID- 3208930 TI - Bullous lichen planus and lichen planus pemphigoides. PMID- 3208931 TI - [Dysmorphophobia--a cooperative field between dermatology and psychotherapy]. PMID- 3208932 TI - [Arterial blood pressure in the penis in patients with erection disorders and premature ejaculation]. PMID- 3208934 TI - A bad case of "one-upmanship". PMID- 3208935 TI - Increasing perio productivity. PMID- 3208933 TI - [Quantitative determination of secretory IgA (SIgA), serum IgA (7S-IgA) and IgG in cervico-vaginal secretions in gonorrhea]. PMID- 3208936 TI - How to weigh your net worth. PMID- 3208937 TI - Practice transitions. PMID- 3208938 TI - A legal snarl. PMID- 3208939 TI - Help patients overcome inertia. PMID- 3208940 TI - How to retire at age 55. PMID- 3208941 TI - Has marketing made you lazy? PMID- 3208942 TI - The role of life insurance. PMID- 3208943 TI - Is the private practitioner vanishing? PMID- 3208944 TI - The AAP's professional partnership program. PMID- 3208945 TI - Innocence isn't always a defense. PMID- 3208946 TI - Splitting the pie. PMID- 3208949 TI - Hotline to practice growth. PMID- 3208947 TI - Collections policy should maintain positive relationships. PMID- 3208948 TI - Patient's perceptions are all-important. PMID- 3208950 TI - There are quality prepaid dental plans. PMID- 3208951 TI - Set goals that are attainable. PMID- 3208952 TI - Understanding laptop computers. PMID- 3208953 TI - A strategy for success. PMID- 3208954 TI - Practice perpetuation. PMID- 3208955 TI - H blood group detection by the L-fucose binding lectin of the green marine alga Ulva lactuca. AB - Extracts of the green marine alga Ulva lactuca collected along the seashore of Tel-Aviv exhibit hemagglutinating activity towards papain-treated human erythrocytes. This hemagglutinating activity was shown to be inhibited by L fucose and EDTA, and to be relatively resistant to heating at 60 degrees C, while sensitive to low pH. Like the lectin of Ulex europeus, the Ulva lectin exhibits blood group H specificity. It agglutinates most strongly erythrocytes of blood group 0(H) followed by B greater than A greater than AB. A2 and A2B erythrocytes are agglutinated by it considerably more strongly than A1 and A1B respectively. Bombay 0(hh) type erythrocytes are almost non-reactive. The lectin can be stored at -20 degrees C for years. PMID- 3208956 TI - Age related occurrence of natural agglutinins in the erisilkworm, Philosamia ricini. AB - Natural agglutinins against human, guinea pig, and rat erythrocytes (RBC) and bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis were readily detected in hemolymph of final instar larvae with resulting titers of 0-9 (log2). Titers were independent of sex and season but varied conspicuously and reproducibly with age. Moreover, response of hemagglutinins to heating varied with age being heat-labile in younger larvae, yet totally resistant to heating for 30 min at 70 degrees C in older ones. Bacterial agglutinins were uniformly resistant at all larval ages. The study thus reveals that the amounts and physico-chemical properties of P. ricini agglutinins change with larval development. Therefore, larval age should be taken into close consideration before reporting on the occurrence and properties of agglutinins in insects. PMID- 3208957 TI - Transmission of hemic neoplasia in the bay mussel, Mytilus edulis, using whole cells and cell homogenate. AB - Experimental studies with hemic neoplasia in the bay mussel indicated that the condition can be transmitted allogeneically with intact whole cells and cell-free homogenate. A differential pathogenesis of the disease in mussels receiving the two different inocula supports the argument that actual cell transplantation occurred. In addition to the first demonstration of the infectious nature of the disease with cell-free homogenates, it was also shown that the disease is transmitted by cohabitation. Remission of the disease occurred in some mussels indicating individual variation in recognition mechanisms. PMID- 3208958 TI - Chimeras and histocompatibility in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri. AB - Chimeras of B. schlosseri were prepared by pairwise combination of colonies sharing one allele at the fusibility gene locus (AD = AC chimeras). A frequent resorption of one of the partners was observed and the resorption time was shown to be significantly correlated with the relative size, the resorbing partner being usually the larger. Both in the whole chimeras, AD = AC, and in the separated partners, (AD)AC, the fusibility of AC was frequently altered. In AD = AC the fusion did not prevent entirely AC fusion with BC. The fusion frequency with BC was significantly higher than with BD and significantly higher in (AD)AC than in AD = AC. Repeated rejections with BC or both BC and BD, repeated fusions with BD, simultaneous or successive fusions and rejections especially with BD, over a period of several months, indicated a long lasting competitive interaction of AD and AC in (AD)AC chimeras. The persistence in these chimeras of the AD cell population was also confirmed by the chimeric electrophoretic pattern of PGI in most of them. PMID- 3208959 TI - Acquired and innate resistance to the haemoflagellate cryptobia salmositica in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). AB - Juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka, Fulton River stock) were protected from otherwise lethal challenges with the haemoflagellate Cryptobia salmositica by acclimation to elevated water temperatures (20 degrees C). Fish treated in this manner displayed increased immunity to C. salmositica and yielded plasma showing enhanced lytic activity against the parasite. The acquired lytic activity was antibody- and complement-mediated. In contrast, a stock of naive O. nerka from Weaver Creek, previously identified as having a high innate resistance to the lethal effects of C. salmositica, also had plasma factors that destroyed the parasite in vitro. This anti-Cryptobia activity also involved complement because 1) it resulted in lysis of the parasite, 2) it was heat-labile (40 degrees C for 20 min), and 3) it was largely removed from the plasma by substances capable of activating (binding) complement by the classical pathway (an antigen:antibody complex of Renibacterium salmoninarum and its specific antibody) and the alternate pathway (Escherichia coli lipopolyssacharide). The complement-mediated lysis associated with innate resistance was apparently the result of activation by the alternate pathway because it occurred in fish lacking antibodies against the parasite. The reaction was unusual in that a long incubation period (about 2 days) was required for maximum lysis of the parasite. At least one component of the innate lytic system depended on disulphide bonds because lytic activity was destroyed by 2-mercaptoethanol. PMID- 3208960 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of leucocyte interaction with tumour targets in a teleost, Cyprinus carpio L. AB - The first step in natural killer activity, target cell binding, was investigated ultrastructurally in order to identify presumptive cytotoxic cells. After incubation of unfractioned peripheral blood cells of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L., with HeLa tumour cells as targets, regular conjugate forming was observed. Targets were surrounded by cells bearing features either of lymphocyte or monocyte/macrophage types. Cells with the usual lymphocytic characteristics contained acid phosphatase positive granules of various density and - after two hours of incubation - paracrystalline inclusions were observed. Cells with monocyte/macrophage morphology were characterized by abundant organelles, varying granules and occasional phagolysosomes. In both cell types development of the contact area was similar to those events known from mammalian cytotoxic cells: development of interdigitating microvilli and increase in the reoriented secretory apparatus (both more intense in the monocyte/macrophage cells than in the lymphocytes). The possibility of several cytotoxic cell types instead of one primitive cytotoxic precursor type proposed earlier in literature is discussed. PMID- 3208961 TI - Dissociation of the RES and immune components in the transient splenic response of embryos and neonatal chicks to immunization. AB - Immunization with mouse erythrocytes (MRBC) elicited transient splenic enlargement as well as PFC formation in immunocompetent 7, 10, and 14 day chicks. An early enlargement within two days was followed by a decline and a second enlargement by day six. Only the early enlargement was observed when MRBC or Percoll was administered to neonatal chicks and late embryos. No significant splenomegaly was observed following cell transfer of bone marrow, spleen, leucocyte, thymocyte or bursal cell suspensions from B haplotype-compatible donors. During the adoptive immune response in embryo hosts, a minor early peak was observed that was followed by an elevated or progressive increase in spleen size. The data suggest that the early splenic response reflects primarily RES vascular activity and the later enlargement is the consequence of immune proliferation. PMID- 3208962 TI - Post-hatching development of the immune system of the pigeon, Columba livia. PMID- 3208963 TI - Umbilical artery Doppler flow velocity waveform: the outcome of pregnancies with absent end diastolic flow. AB - We have studied doppler recordings of flow velocity waveform of the umbilical artery in 380 high-risk pregnancies and 160 patients with uncomplicated pregnancies. The results were not used in clinical management. In 24 cases, all in high-risk pregnancies, there was absence of end diastolic flow (AEDF). Four babies died, 22 out of 24 weighted less than the 5th centile for gestation and 20 were delivered by Caesarean Section. With only four exceptions, all fetuses showed other evidence of antenatal fetal compromise, though this was delayed in some cases for up to 24 days. AEDF does not appear to prejudice neonatal outcome. All six babies born weighing 750-999 g survived. In addition, 4 patients continued their pregnancy for 3-6 weeks after the first doppler with AEDF. Only one of the 4 developed other evidence of fetal compromise and two had vaginal deliveries. In our experience, AEDF is found only in abnormal pregnancy, and is a very serious sign of likely fetal compromise. It is an indication for extremely careful surveillance but not necessarily an indication for delivery. PMID- 3208964 TI - Low birth weight and hyperemesis gravidarum. AB - A group of patients suffering from severe hyperemesis gravidarum is defined. In contrast to what is reported in the literature, these women gave birth to babies with lower birth weight when compared to the hospital population and also to women who had a milder degree of hyperemesis gravidarum. This indicates that the metabolic disturbance created by hyperemesis may have an adverse effect on the growth potential of the fetus. PMID- 3208965 TI - Conservative treatment of intrapartum fetal acidosis with a betamimetic agent. AB - 553 cases of intrapartum fetal acidosis (pH less than 7.25) were treated with a betamimetic agent (ritodrine 250-300 micrograms/min). In 403 cases (72.8%), an improvement of fetal pH greater than 0.05 pH U was observed. Improvement was comparable in cases where the cause of fetal distress was abnormal uterine activity and in those where this was not the cause. Indeed, the recovery rate was the same, independent of the percentage of uterine activity inhibition. The neonatal condition was better in the pH recovered versus not recovered group. We suggest that conservative treatment of fetal distress with betamimetic drugs is a reasonable measure for improvement of fetal and neonatal condition. PMID- 3208966 TI - Termination of early pregnancy by a single dose of mifepristone (RU 486), a progesterone antagonist. AB - Mifepristone (RU 486) is a new steroid which is a progesterone antagonist and which is able to interrupt early pregnancy without any major side-effects. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical effect of a single oral dose of 600 mg on early pregnancy. The study included 150 healthy women applying for a legal abortion with an amenorrhea of no more than 42 days. Pregnancy was confirmed by clinical and ultrasound examination and plasma HCG assessment. Success was assumed by repeating these exams on the eighth day. 131 patients had a complete abortion (87.3%), with a very few side-effects. Only two patients needed curettage for heavy bleeding. Mifepristone is able to terminate early pregnancy by an easy ambulatory method under medical supervision. PMID- 3208967 TI - Mass screening for breast cancer with sonomammography: a prospective study. AB - A prospective study was performed to assess the reliability of sonographic mammography in mass screening for breast lesions and diagnosis of small, presumably early, breast cancers. 1350 women underwent a sonomammographic examination of the breasts. Sonomammographic images were described in terms of their elementary constituents. Final diagnosis was obtained through cytological, and, when indicated, histological analysis. This ultimately led to the diagnosis of 13 breast cancers. Statistical analysis of the elementary sonomammographic image data using a logistic regression found two criteria to be highly associated with cancer. These were: (1) jagged aspect of the margins extending to the anterior or posterior walls; (2) major axis of the lesion not parallel to the skin surface. When combined, these two criteria have a 100% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity. The conclusions of the present study were validated for the screening of young women and may be applied to the screening of small lesions. However, these conclusions should be restricted to tumors 5 mm or more in diameter and of the common histological type, i.e. the infiltrating ductal carcinomas. Within these limitations, sonographic mammography can be considered a reliable technique for mass screening for breast cancer. PMID- 3208968 TI - Acute fetal distress after fetal blood sampling (case report). AB - The authors report a case of acute fetal distress after fetal blood sampling, performed for fetal karyotype because of a precocious and symmetrical fetal growth retardation without maternal hypertension or ultrasonographic evidence of fetal malformation. A cesarean section performed because of acute fetal distress showed the newborn to be hypotrophic, with a major acidosis and a refractory hypoxemia. The new born died despite intensive care. Acute fetal anemia was assumed to be the cause of acute fetal distress. The authors emphasize the use of FHR in fetal survey after fetal blood sampling. PMID- 3208969 TI - Effect of diclofenac on implantation and embryonic development in the rat. AB - Recent evidence suggests that decidualization can be considered a modified inflammatory reaction. In this work we intended to determine whether the prostaglandin inhibitor diclofenac could affect implantation. Rat blastocysts were cultured in diclofenac in vitro, then implanted to host mothers on day 5 of pseudopregnancy. Large doses of diclofenac in culture were toxic. Smaller doses had a profound effect on implantation. Another group of host mothers received diclofenac i.p., one hour prior to transfer of untreated blastocysts. The results were compared to parallel controls without diclofenac treatment. Control animals had a 72% implantation rate, whereas there was only a 35-41% implantation rate after in vitro diclofenac treatment. In the treated host mothers only 7% of embryos were normal, while 34% were growth-retarded. More normal embryos were found when the blastocysts were cultured with diclofenac. The observations indicate that diclofenac administered to the mother inhibits the ongoing process of implantation and placentation, whereas following in vitro exposure the embryo can recover from the insult. The implications for a better understanding of the process of implantation are discussed. PMID- 3208970 TI - The regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion cell axons in vitro. PMID- 3208971 TI - Adenosine and ATP: presynaptic effects at the cholinergic nerve terminal. PMID- 3208972 TI - An investigation into the development of calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release from isolated growth cones. PMID- 3208973 TI - Structure and expression of neural cell adhesion molecule complementary DNA clones in skeletal muscle. PMID- 3208974 TI - Molecular heterogeneity and differential expression of multiple protein kinase C subspecies in central nervous tissue. PMID- 3208975 TI - Cloning of putative nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes from the locust. PMID- 3208976 TI - Measurements of intracellular calcium concentration in mammalian vascular smooth muscle cells during agonist-induced contractions. PMID- 3208977 TI - Ca2+ regulation of the thin filaments: biochemical mechanism and physiological role. PMID- 3208978 TI - How phosphorylation controls the self-assembly of vertebrate smooth and non muscle myosins. PMID- 3208979 TI - The place of biochemistry in courses in physical sciences. PMID- 3208980 TI - Biochemistry in the biological sciences undergraduate curriculum. PMID- 3208981 TI - Core biochemistry required for the biological sciences undergraduate. PMID- 3208982 TI - The changing scene in the advanced biochemistry undergraduate curriculum. PMID- 3208983 TI - Biochemistry required for the physical science undergraduate. PMID- 3208984 TI - The impingement of biochemistry on chemical engineering. PMID- 3208985 TI - Radioimmunoassay of rat serum inhibin: changes after PMSG stimulation and gonadectomy. AB - A heterologous inhibin radioimmunoassay (RIA) method has been developed which is highly specific and of sufficient sensitivity to detect inhibin in female and male rat serum. Purified bovine 31 kDa inhibin was used in the generation of the antiserum and following iodination as tracer in the assay. Parallel logit-log dose-response lines were observed between a rat ovarian extract used as standard and serial dilutions of female and male serum and testicular interstitial fluid. The within-assay variation based on index of precision was 0.049 (n = 5) and the between-assay variation (n = 4) was 9.8%. The specificity of the assay was assessed from: (a) the failure of a number of structurally related proteins (activin-A, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), Mullerian inhibitory substance) as well as inhibin subunits to crossreact (less than 0.5%) in the assay relative to bovine 31 kDa inhibin; (b) nondetectable levels of immunoactivity in the serum of gonadectomised rats; and (c) a close correlation (r = 0.96) between serum levels of in vitro biological and immunological activities from rats following pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) stimulation. Similar initial t 1/2 values (14-15 min) of serum inhibin following gonadectomy were obtained in both sexes. This RIA method will be useful in the study of the physiology of inhibin in the female and male rat. PMID- 3208986 TI - Differential glycosylation of the components of the bovine trophoblast protein-1 complex. AB - The bovine trophoblast protein-1 complex, a major secretory product of the day 17 to 18 conceptus, has been implicated in extension of luteal lifespan during early pregnancy. This glycoprotein complex, identifiable by immunoprecipitation procedures utilizing rabbit antiserum to ovine trophoblast protein-1, exists as seven isomers of two size classes (22 and 24 kDa). Culture of embryos with tunicamycin demonstrated that the isomers are N-linked glycoproteins, as deglycosylated products migrate as a single band (18 kDa) during electrophoresis. Culture with deoxymannojirimycin indicated that the 24 kDa form is complex in nature, whereas treatment with endoglycosidase H and lectin chromatography indicated that the 22 kDa form is a high-mannose type glycoprotein. These results indicate that molecular weight variants of bovine trophoblast protein-1 arise as a single translation product that undergoes differential post-translational glycosylation. PMID- 3208987 TI - Variations of liver prolactin receptors during pregnancy in normal rats and in the genetically hypoprolactinemic IPL nude rat. AB - Ovine prolactin (oPRL) binding to liver membranes was studied during pregnancy in normal and in genetically hypoprolactinemic rats. Prolactin (PRL) binding was determined using 125I-oPRL in the 100,000 x g pellet. Scatchard plots obtained changed throughout the pregnancy in the normal rat, being almost linear from days 2 to 10, becoming curvilinear (convex) on day 16, and linear again at the end of pregnancy. They were analyzed with reference to the co-operativity and Hill models, which give delta and nH, respectively. During pregnancy, delta values varied and were respectively 2.48 +/- 0.66, 1.84 +/- 0.64, 0.52 +/- 0.06 and 1.69 +/- 0.25 on days 3, 10, 16 and 22, and the delta value on day 16 was significantly different from other days; the nH value estimated on day 16 was 1.10 +/- 0.031. These results suggest the presence of a positive co-operativity on day 16 of pregnancy. Over the same period, a huge increase in the capacity occurred on day 10 and reached a maximum on day 14. It remained elevated until the day before parturition. In the IPL nude rat, the delta value (0.92 +/- 0.45) on day 16 was significantly different from that of normal rats and indicated an absence of positive co-operativity on this day in the IPL nude rat liver. This finding was confirmed by an nH value (0.99 +/- 0.39) close to 1. The PRL-binding capacity was similar to that of normal rats, except on day 14, where it was significantly decreased. These results are discussed in relation to hormonal variations during pregnancy, particularly with regard to serum PRL and placental lactogen values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3208988 TI - Paracrine control of immature Sertoli cells by adult germ cells, in the rat (an in vitro study). Cell-cell interactions within the testis. AB - Enriched populations of germ cells prepared from adult rats were found to influence 20-day-old rat Sertoli cell secretory activity by stimulating androgen binding protein (ABP) and inhibiting oestradiol-17 beta production in the presence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as well as of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP). Among the different populations tested in coculture, pachytene spermatocytes were the most effective at stimulating ABP and inhibiting oestradiol production, whereas early spermatids had relatively less effects. Cytoplasts from elongated spermatids only slightly stimulated ABP secretion. The influence of germ cells upon Sertoli cells may be mediated via paracrine component(s) detected in nonconcentrated conditioned culture media. The stimulatory (ABP) and inhibitory (oestradiol) effects of pachytene spermatocyte and early spermatid-spent media were reversible (change of media), dose related, specific (no effect of cytoplast, peritubular cell, rat liver epithelial cell or 3T3 cell-conditioned media) and strictly proportional to the cell viability estimated at the end of the incubation periods. Furthermore, the nature of the germ cell factor(s) influencing Sertoli cell secretory function is likely to be proteinaceous since both germ cell-spent media effects were trypsin and heat (100 degrees C; 3 min) sensitive and retained by molecular weight (MW) greater than 10,000 cut-off dialysis membranes. It is hypothesized that germ cells, in particular pachytene spermatocytes and early spermatids, may influence Sertoli cell function during sexual development in the rat. PMID- 3208990 TI - Interaction of indomethacin with the antilipolytic effect of prostaglandin E2 in rat adipocytes. AB - The interaction of indomethacin with the antilipolytic effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was investigated in rat adipocytes in order to reveal a possible role of endogenous PGs in adipose tissue. Adipocytes isolated from rats treated in vivo for 5 days with indomethacin were compared with non-treated control rats. The sensitivity of the antilipolytic effect of exogenous PGE2 was significantly enhanced in adipocytes from indomethacin-treated rats (IC50 of PGE2: 0.45 +/- 0.05 nM vs. 1.2 +/- 0.1 nM, P less than 0.01). This enhanced antilipolytic effect of exogenous PGE2 could be related to the reduced endogenous PGE2 formation in adipocytes from the indomethacin-treated rats (PGE2 formation was reduced by more than 90%). In agreement with that observation the [p3H]PGE2 receptor binding was enhanced by 58% in adipocytes treated with indomethacin. Thus, indomethacin via inhibition of endogenous PG formation could modulate some properties of lipolysis in adipocytes. However, indomethacin treatment had no significant effects on basal or isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis. PMID- 3208989 TI - Thyroid hormone metabolism in neuron-enriched primary cultures of fetal rat brain cells. AB - The metabolism of thyroxine (T4) by cultures of embryonic-rat brain cells grown in a chemically defined medium was studied. Cells in these cultures were predominantly neurons, characterized by the developmental increase of the binding of [3H]flunitrazepam to the high-affinity (0.67 nM) benzodiazepine neuronal receptors. The cultures also contained astrocytes, characterized by immunological studies using an anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp) and by the increase in glutamine synthetase (GS). Incubation of the cells, in situ, with 125I labelled 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) showed the presence of a single class of high-affinity nuclear receptors for T3 with a maximal binding capacity of 270-470 fmol T3/mg DNA and a Kd of 63 +/- 13 pM. Cells incubated in situ with 50 pM [125I]T4 actively metabolized the hormone. The major metabolite, 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (rT3) (159 +/- 43 fmol/4 h/mg DNA), was almost completely released into the medium. T3 was a minor metabolite (77 +/- 3 fmol/4 h/mg DNA), 75% of which accumulated in the cells. Of this T3, 35% was bound to the nuclear receptors after 4 h of incubation. In vitro assays showed that the 5'-deiodinase activity increased during culture and the 5-deiodinase decreased slightly. Cytosine-arabinoside (ARAc) treatment of the cultures reduced the DNA content per culture dish, corresponding to a fall in the number of GFAp-positive cells (astrocytes) and to a decrease in GS. A small increase in the number of benzodiazepine sites was observed. ARAc treatment markedly reduced the T3 production (14.5 +/- 0.7 fmol/4 h/mg DNA) and did not change the rT3 production. We suggest that T4 is metabolized to T3 in astrocytes, taken up by neurons and binds to their nuclear receptors. PMID- 3208991 TI - An immunocytochemical study of the progesterone receptor in rabbit ovary. AB - Distribution of progesterone receptor (PR) was studied immunohistochemically in rabbit ovary and uterus using a monoclonal anti-receptor antibody. At the subcellular level, PR was located in cell nuclei of prepubertal rabbits, which were either non-treated, primed with estrogen or made pseudopregnant. At the tissue level, germinal epithelium, the external theca cell layer and granulosa cell layer were PR-positive. The internal theca cell layer had no PR immunoreactivity. The corpora lutea of pseudopregnant rabbits contained small amounts of PR in some of the animals. During pseudopregnancy, the distribution and staining intensity of PR-positive cells in the ovary was essentially similar to that in non-treated rabbits except for weak PR immunoreactivity in the internal theca cell layer. This differed significantly from the uterus, in which pseudopregnancy caused a marked decrease in PR immunoreactivity. This implies that receptor downregulation by endogenous progesterone is not the same in different organs and cell types. Immunohistochemical techniques give valuable information as to the steroid hormone target cell types and their distribution which are not available by conventional steroid-binding assays. PMID- 3208992 TI - Effects of bromocriptine on prolactin cellular hypertrophy, proliferation and secretory activity in diethylstilbestrol-induced pituitary tumors. AB - Pituitary tumors induced by chronic diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment in female F344 rats were treated subsequently with bromocriptine (BC). Effects of BC on separable subpopulations of lactotrophs were examined. Enzymatically dissociated cells from individual pituitaries were assessed regarding total number, relative lactotroph population, intracellular prolactin (PRL) content, PRL release in primary culture, and density alterations by separation in Ficoll-Hypaque or after sedimentation at unit gravity. In addition to the treatment and analysis of in situ tumors, the effects of BC treatment in vitro were assessed, using tumor cells which were first separated on Ficoll-Hypaque. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell cycle analysis, using DNA measurement by laser flow cytometry. BC treatment of tumors reversed the effects of DES on pituitary weight, PRL content and in vitro PRL release. Total cell recovery was not affected by BC, but cell separation showed that BC reduced the number of larger PRL-containing cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a decrease in numbers of cells in S and G2 cycle phases after BC in only one of four experiments. BC had an effect on proliferation in only the upper gradient fractions, containing the smallest cells. Culture of Ficoll-separated tumor cells revealed greater PRL release among lighter/smaller cells. BC treatment inhibited PRL release from both light and dense cells. The results establish that PRL cell hypertrophy, as well as hyperplasia, results from DES treatment. Bromocriptine treatment reverses this hypertrophy concomitant with inhibiting PRL synthesis and release. Reversal of proliferation in tumor cells is not a major effect of bromocriptine treatment. PMID- 3208993 TI - Alpha-lactalbumin production by rat mammary gland: prepartum emergence of resistance to glucocorticoids and progestins. AB - Explants of mammary glands from pregnant or lactating rats were shown to differ markedly in their response to glucocorticoid and progestin in terms of alpha lactalbumin production. Tissue from day 14 pregnant rats had low initial tissue levels and basal production of alpha-lactalbumin, and showed a dose-biphasic response to glucocorticoids, with significantly higher production at 3 nM than 300 nM RU26988; the progestin ORG 2058 inhibited production. In explants from lactating rats (day 1 and day 5) tissue content and basal production of alpha lactalbumin were markedly increased compared with day 14 pregnant, but were unaltered by glucocorticoid or progestin. Animals near parturition (day 19, day 20) showed a transitional pattern, with considerable variation between animals. Basal production and tissue content correlated closely; as levels rose, the tissues became progressively less responsive to the effects of both classes of steroid. We interpret these data as evidence for a switch, in terms of glucocorticoid control of alpha-lactalbumin gene expression pre-partum; the mechanism(s) underlying this switch remain to be explored. PMID- 3208995 TI - Metabolic fate of estradiol in human mammary cancer cells in culture: estrogen sulfate formation and cooperativity exhibited by estrogen sulfotransferase. AB - The metabolism of 17 beta-estradiol in both estrogen receptor positive and negative human breast cancer cell lines has been compared. Initial experiments in which confluent cells were exposed to 1 nM [3H]17 beta-estradiol for 24 h, revealed that the main metabolites formed by estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells were 17 beta-estradiol-3-sulfate (together with lesser amounts of estrone sulfate) and estrone. In estrogen receptor negative cell lines, production of estrogen sulfates was either significantly lower (MDA-MB-231 cells) than receptor positive cells, or failed to be produced at all (MDA-MB-330 cells). In both these receptor negative cell lines, production of estrone was significantly higher than in receptor positive cells. Accumulation of estrogen sulfates resulted from attainment of a steady state between synthesis catalysed by estrogen sulfotransferase and degradation catalysed by estrogen sulfatase. The former was present in the cytosol and showed a very high affinity for 17 beta estradiol and estrone (low nM range). Complex initial velocity versus estrogen substrate curves were obtained with enzyme purified 106-fold by affinity chromatography. Such curves were consistent with a rate equation of degree 3 or 4 and suggest the presence of cooperatively linked dependent binding sites. PMID- 3208994 TI - Mechanism of L-triiodothyronine (T3) uptake by glial C6 cells: regulation by butyrate. AB - The mode of entry of triiodothyronine (T3) and its regulation by butyrate was studied in cultured glial C6 cells. Uptake of [125I]T3 increases for at least 60 min in C6 cells. The amount of cell-associated radioactivity is 2- to 4-fold higher during the entire time-course in cells previously exposed to 2 mM butyrate for 48 h. Uptake was non-saturable since uptake velocity was linearly related to the extracellular hormone concentration between 0.2 and 800 nM T3 in control and butyrate-treated cells. Uptake velocity increased by more than 3-fold in the cells incubated with the fatty acid. T3 uptake was temperature dependent and the effect of butyrate was observed at the different temperatures examined. Preincubation with metabolic inhibitors did not block [125I]T3 uptake in either group, and monodansylcadaverine was also ineffective. Present results suggest that in C6 cells T3 uptake proceeds by a passive, energy-independent, non saturable process, that is markedly affected by short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, this is the first study documenting that a natural compound directly influences the entry of thyroid hormones into cells. PMID- 3208996 TI - Nuclear triiodothyronine receptors in rat Sertoli cells. AB - The existence of specific triiodothyronine (T3) receptors in cultured rat Sertoli cells was investigated by evaluating the affinity and capacity of nuclear binding for T3. The results demonstrate the presence of high affinity (Ka = 0.15 +/- 0.02 X 10(10) M-1), low capacity (1.35 +/- 0.07 pmol T3/mg DNA) binding sites for T3 in rat Sertoli cell nuclei. It is demonstrated that, within the developing testis, the major localization of nuclear T3 receptors is in Sertoli cells. PMID- 3208997 TI - Fibroblast growth factor is a regulator of testosterone secretion in cultured immature Leydig cells. AB - The regulatory effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on testosterone secretion was studied by using a model of immature porcine Leydig cells cultured in serum free defined medium. FGF enhanced in a dose-dependent manner hCG-stimulated testosterone secretion (ED50 = 11 ng/ml FGF). The stimulatory effect of FGF on testosterone accumulation was time dependent; testosterone increased to a maximal value at 24 h treatment and then dramatically declined to near control value following 48 and 72 h treatment with FGF; such a decline was not related to FGF degradation in culture medium. Although FGF increased maximal secretion of testosterone, it did not affect the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) concentrations required for maximal and half-maximal secretion of testosterone (1 and 0.2 ng/ml hCG, respectively). These effects of FGF are probably exerted in the context of the local control of testicular steroidogenesis. PMID- 3208998 TI - Oesophageal motor activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and manometric study. AB - Oesophageal motor function was clinically and manometrically investigated by means of a low-compliance system in 24 nonselected rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 15 healthy controls. Dysphagia was referred by 37.5% of RA patients. Oesophageal motor abnormalities were discovered to be significantly present in a high percentage (62.5%) of patients with RA. However, there was no correlation between oesophageal motor abnormalities and any disease characteristic. It is concluded that a high percentage of RA patients have an oesophageal motor dysfunction, even in the absence of dysphagic symptoms. PMID- 3208999 TI - Gastric secretion in cirrhosis and non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. AB - Studies on basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion were carried out in 20 patients with cirrhosis, 20 with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) and 20 control subjects. There was no significant difference in the basal volume and acid output between the three groups. However, maximal volume and acid output were significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis and NCPF compared with the control group. There was no correlation between the acid secretion and the degree of hepatocellular dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. Moreover, the gastric hyposection was as marked in the patients with NCPF as in those with cirrhosis, although the former did not suffer from any hepatic decompensation. It is concluded that gastric hyposecretion is not due to a derangement of hepatocyte function but may be secondary to portal hypertension and collateral circulation. PMID- 3209000 TI - Changes of rat gastric mucus glycoproteins in cytoprotection: influences of prostaglandin derivatives. AB - The effects of two synthetic prostaglandin E derivatives on mucus glycoproteins in the stomachs of rats were evaluated. Neither derivative caused change in mucus glycoprotein content in the gastric corpus or antrum, but both increased the biosynthetic activity of mucus glycoproteins in these regions (about 15-30%). Furthermore, the effects of the pretreatment of these derivatives on conserving mucus glycoproteins in ethanol-induced gastric lesions were examined. Treatment with these derivatives 60 min prior to 70% ethanol administration markedly inhibits the decrease in gastric mucus glycoprotein content caused by 70% ethanol. But the glycoprotein content under these pretreatment conditions was significantly less (12-19%) than that in the control group without any drug treatment. PMID- 3209001 TI - Ulcerative colitis in Greece: course and prognostic factors. AB - The clinical course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis were studied in a group of 205 Greek patients. The study lasted for 6 years and follow-up was achieved in 98% of the patients. In most patients the disease was confined to the left bowel and it was of mild or moderate severity. Mortality was absent during the first attack and low at completion of the study while the cumulative colectomy rate was 14%. Bad prognostic factors leading to severe attacks and colectomy were: extensive disease, young age at onset and continuous symptoms. Compared to highly developed countries, the disease in Greece seems to run a milder course as can be judged by the better outcome of severe attacks and the more favorable short-term prognosis. PMID- 3209002 TI - Nervous control of gastric and pancreatic secretory response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the dog. AB - The relative contribution of the vagus and splanchnic nerves as mediators of the action of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on the stomach and the pancreas is largely unknown. In conscious dogs with gastric and pancreatic fistulas, the effect of 2 DG (100 mg kg-1, given as an intravenous bolus) on gastric acid and pancreatic exocrine secretion was tested before and after bilateral truncal vagotomy and after truncal vagotomy plus celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy (i.e. extrinsic denervation of the stomach and the pancreas). In another set of dogs, only ganglionectomy was performed and the same experiments were done as in the first set of dogs. With the extrinsic nerves intact, 2-DG caused a rapid (within 15 min) and prolonged increase in gastric acid output as well as in pancreatic flow rate, bicarbonate and protein output. Truncal vagotomy abolished the gastric acid and pancreatic secretory response to 2-DG; additional ganglionectomy had no further effect. Ganglionectomy alone did not significantly alter 2-DG-stimulated gastric acid output, pancreatic flow rate and bicarbonate output; protein output, however, was significantly diminished by 57%. These results indicate that (a) intravenous 2-DG is a potent stimulant of gastric acid and pancreatic bicarbonate and protein output; (b) the vagus nerves are the major mediators of the gastric and pancreatic secretory response to 2-DG; (c) the sympathetic nerve fibers running through the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia are probably not involved in the mediation of the 2-DG-induced gastric acid and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. The diminished protein response to 2-DG after ganglionectomy is probably due to cut vagal fibers running through these ganglia. PMID- 3209004 TI - Prolonged expression of differentiated phenotype by chondrocytes cultured at low density on a composite substrate of collagen and agarose that restricts cell spreading. AB - The dedifferentiation of chondrocytes in culture is frequently associated with transition from a rounded to a spread morphology. A number of culture methods which prevent cell spreading have been described; however, all have disadvantages that limit their widespread use. In this paper we describe a new technique which allows prolonged cultivation of attached chondrocytes at low density while inhibiting spreading: the cells are grown on a composite substrate of agarose and collagen. By varying the ratio of agarose to collagen in the gel, the degree of spreading can be varied. The cultures are suitable for ultrastructural and immunofluorescence analysis and for studies of the synthesis and secretion of macromolecules. In order to determine whether the differentiated phenotype was maintained on composite gels, we compared the levels of messenger RNAs for cartilage-specific proteoglycan, link protein, alpha 1 (II) and alpha 1 (I) collagens in chondrocytes grown at low density on composite gels or at high or low density on tissue culture plastic for up to 21 days. The rate of decline in the level of mRNAs encoding the cartilage-specific products and the rate of increase in the level of alpha 1 (I) collagen mRNA were slower in the composite cultures than in the cultures on plastic. This culture technique may, therefore, prolong expression of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes relative to cultivation on plastic and will be useful for further studies on the role of cell shape in regulating differentiated gene expression. PMID- 3209003 TI - The blood group I antigen defined by monoclonal antibody C6 is a marker of early mesoderm during murine embryogenesis. AB - The distribution of a blood group I-associated antigen in the postimplantation mouse embryo was examined using immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting techniques. The following results were obtained: 1. The I antigen defined by monoclonal antibody C6 was largely, but not entirely, restricted to mesodermal cells and their derivatives in day-6.5 to day-10 embryos. A gradual increase in the surface expression of the I antigen was observed as mesodermal cells moved away from the primitive streak in posterior and lateral directions between the embryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm. I expression declined in hindlimb-bud-stage embryos in a posterior-to-anterior progression, and was not observed in fetal tissues after day 11. 2. The appearance of mesodermal cells was associated with a switch in surface carbohydrate expression. Two-color labeling experiments using SSEA-1 and C6 monoclonal antibodies suggested that mesodermal cells leaving the primitive streak lose surface Lex and acquire I. This suggestion was supported by flow-cytofluorimetric analyses of single cell preparations of day-8 and day-10 embryos: cell-surface Lex expression declined markedly between days 8 and 10, while I expression increased. 3. The glycoproteins carrying Lex and I antigens were observed to change in molecular weight during early development. Lex was identified on a broad glycoprotein band with an apparent molecular weight greater than 200,000, whereas the I antigen was identified on glycoprotein bands with apparent molecular weights of 155,000 (day 8), and 140,000, 155,000, 210,000, and 250,000 (day 10). The results indicate that the I antigen is a useful marker of early mesoderm in the mouse embryo. PMID- 3209005 TI - Spatial patterns in the fruiting bodies of the cellular slime mold Polysphondylium pallidum. AB - During morphogenesis in the slime mold Polysphondylium pallidum cell masses are periodically pinched off from the base of the developing sorogen. These masses round up and differentiate into secondary sorogens, which become radially ordered arrays of secondary fruiting bodies called whorls. Here we describe the morphogenesis of P. pallidum and characterize the spacing of whorls along the central stalk of the fruiting body and the spacing of sorocarps within whorls. We find both are highly regular. We propose that the linear spacing of whorls can be accounted for satisfactorily by a model that views the periodic release of cell masses from the base of the developing sorogen as the consequence of an imbalance between forces that orient amoebae toward the tip of the culminating sorogen, and cohesive forces between randomly moving cells in the basal region of the sorogen, which act as a retarding force. The orderly arrangement of fruiting bodies within whorls can be explained most easily by models that employ short-range activation and lateral inhibition. PMID- 3209006 TI - Characterization of an antigenically related family of cell-type specific proteins implicated in slug migration in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The monoclonal antibody MUD50 recognizes a group of developmentally regulated proteins, which are almost exclusively expressed by prespore cells in developing aggregates of Dictyostelium discoideum. Some of these antigens are integrally associated with the cell membrane, as assessed by physical and detergent fractionation procedures. The MUD50-reactive proteins are glycosylated and some are phosphorylated. Post-translational modification is the common antigenic feature that is recognized by the MUD50 antibody in these cell-type-specific proteins. A glycosylation-defective mutant, DL118, (modB) does not express the MUD50 epitope, but does express the MUD52 epitope, which is found on a different group of glycoproteins. Therefore, we conclude that MUD50 recognizes a particular carbohydrate epitope on a restricted group of proteins. These proteins are structurally diverse, but are apparently involved in the maintenance of structure and movement of the multicellular D. discoideum slug. PMID- 3209007 TI - Lung response to ultrafine Kevlar aramid synthetic fibrils following 2-year inhalation exposure in rats. AB - Four groups of 100 male and 100 female rats were exposed to ultrafine Kevlar fibrils at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 25, and 100 fibrils/cc for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. One group was exposed to 400 fibrils/cc for 1 year and allowed to recover for 1 year. At 2.5 fibrils/cc, the lungs had normal alveolar architecture with a few dust-laden macrophages (dust cell response) in the alveolar airspaces. At 25 fibrils/cc, the lungs showed a dust cell response, slight Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, alveolar bronchiolarization, and a negligible amount of collagenized fibrosis in the alveolar duct region. At 100 fibrils/cc, the same pulmonary responses were seen as at 25 fibrils/cc. In addition, cystic keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (CKSCC) was found in 4 female rats, but not in male rats. Female rats had more prominent foamy alveolar macrophages, cholesterol granulomas, and alveolar bronchiolarization. These pulmonary lesions were related to the development of CKSCC. The lung tumors were derived from metaplastic squamous cells in areas of alveolar bronchiolarization. At 400 fibrils/cc following 1 year of recovery, the lung dust content, average fiber length, and the pulmonary lesions were markedly reduced, but slight centriacinar emphysema and minimal collagenized fibrosis were found in the alveolar duct region. One male and 6 female rats developed CKSCC. The lung tumors were a unique type of experimentally induced tumors in the rats and have not been seen as spontaneous tumors in man or animals. Therefore, the relevance of this type of lung tumor to the human situation is minimal. PMID- 3209008 TI - Experimental T-2 toxicosis in swine following inhalation exposure: clinical signs and effects on hematology, serum biochemistry, and immune response. AB - Nine- to ten-week-old, male castrated, specific pathogen-free derived pigs, weighing 34 to 42 kg, were exposed to a T-2 toxin aerosol (390 micrograms/liter, 1.5 microM mass median aerodynamic diameter) for a time period which allowed an amount equivalent to 8 mg/kg to be nebulized (six pigs). Control animals (five pigs) were exposed to an equivalent amount of the nebulized vehicle. Pigs were immunized subcutaneously with sheep red blood cells on Days 0 and 21. Whole blood and serum samples were taken periodically for clinical pathologic and immunologic studies. Pigs were closely observed, and daily rectal temperatures and weekly weights were measured. The T-2-treated pigs vomited and exhibited cyanosis, anorexia, lethargy, lateral recumbency, slightly elevated rectal temperature, and depressed body weight gain. The lymphocyte count decreased while the neutrophil count increased. The concentrations of total serum protein and hemoglobin declined. There was a marked increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity on Day 1, followed by a marked and persistent decrease. Mitogen-induced (Con A, PHA, and PWM) blastogenic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and hemagglutination titers to SRBC were also transiently decreased. Thus, inhalation exposure of pigs to a sublethal dose of T-2 toxin caused clinical signs of toxicity and adverse effects on clinical pathologic parameters and immune responses; however, most of these effects were short-lived. The changes described in our study resemble those reported in pigs given T-2 toxin by intravascular injection. PMID- 3209009 TI - Morphological investigation of cavity formation in articular cartilage induced by ofloxacin in rats. AB - Ofloxacin, a quinolone antibacterial agent, induced blisters and/or erosions in the articular cartilage of the humeral trochlea, femoral condyle, and femoral head of immature rats. Histologically, cavity formation was seen in the middle zone of the articular cartilage. Changes were detected as early as 5 hr after a single oral administration of 1000 or 3000 mg/kg. These changes were characterized by condensation, atrophy, and deformation of the nuclei of chondrocytes distributed in the middle zone. In such nuclei, aggregation of heterochromatin was observed. Degenerated cells with vacuolated and partially disintegrated cytoplasms were also seen in this zone. These lesions were followed by edema of the matrix accompanied with markedly decreased stainability with safranin-O, and a cavity was formed later by liquefaction of the cartilage. The changes were reversible, with rebounding occurring even with continued treatment with ofloxacin. The proliferation of chondrocytes around the lesion chiefly contributed to the repair. Ofloxacin had no adverse effects on the articular cartilage in rats when treatment was initiated at 8 weeks of age or later. PMID- 3209010 TI - Morphological investigation of osteochondrosis induced by ofloxacin in rats. AB - Oral doses of 300 or 900 mg/kg/day of ofloxacin, a quinolone antibacterial agent, for 8 weeks induced a high incidence osteochondrotic lesions in rats. The predilection site of the lesions was the caudal area of the medial femoral condyle. Early changes included thickening of the middle zone of the articular cartilage with a markedly thinned deep zone. As the course of administration progressed, the columns of chondrocytes in the thickened middle zone became more and more numerous, many degenerated cells were seen, and the staining intensity of the matrix of the cartilage with with safranin-O decreased slightly. After the completion of dosing, the articular cartilage was markedly thickened and was made up mainly of middle zone cartilage. In advanced cases, a cleft was formed along the tidemark which occasionally extended to the articular surface. This resulted in erosion of the articular cartilage. Beneath the cleft there were focal necrosis of the subchondral bone and fibrotic lesions in the marrow space. Nalidixic acid also produced similar lesions in rats. The two drugs induced osteochondrosis in rats when treatment began at 4 weeks of age, but not at 8 weeks of age. This lesion was different in developmental process from the spontaneous osteochondrosis of rats, which is characterized by retention of the inherently thick deep zone. PMID- 3209011 TI - The chronic toxicity of bromovinyldeoxyuridine in beagle dogs. AB - Bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU), a substituted pyrimidine analog with antiviral activity, was given orally to beagle dogs (6/sex/dosage) at dosages of 0, 5, 12, and 30 mg/kg/day for 52 weeks. Complete physical examinations, including ECG recordings and rectal temperature measurements, and clinical laboratory determinations were performed every 13 weeks. At the end of the dosing period, 4 dogs/sex/dosage were sacrificed and complete gross and microscopic examinations performed. The remaining 2 dogs/sex/dosage were sacrificed following a 13-week recovery period. BVDU had no effect on feed consumption, respiration, body temperature, or heart rate. At 30 mg/kg, males gained less weight than controls. At 12 mg/kg (males) and 30 mg/kg (both sexes) there were slight, but statistically significant decreases in mean corpuscular volume, but no changes in red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit, or hemoglobin, and no evidence of reticulocytosis. In males dosed at 30 mg/kg, during the last 6 months of dosing, partial thromboplastin times, serum alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase increased, and cholesterol decreased. Histologically, bile ductule hyperplasia and gall bladder epithelial hyperplasia were present at 12 and 30 mg/kg in both sexes at the end of both the dosing and recovery periods. At 30 mg/kg, bone marrow hypocellularity and testicular germ cell atrophy were also present in males. Thus, the liver and gall bladder are the major target organs of chronically administered BVDU in dogs. BVDU causes degenerative and proliferative hepatobiliary damage, and secondarily causes changes in clinical chemical parameters. At higher dosages, there are hypoplastic and degenerative changes in the bone marrow and testes. PMID- 3209012 TI - Evaluation of effects of ozone exposure on influenza infection in mice using several indicators of susceptibility. AB - Mice were exposed to 1 ppm O3, 3 hr/day, for 5 consecutive days. Separate groups of mice were infected with influenza following each of the individual exposures. A twofold increase in the incidence of mortality and a 3-day decrease in mean survival time were observed in mice infected after the second exposure. There were no effects on percentage mortality or mean survival time due to exposure to 1 ppm O3 in mice infected after the first, third, fourth, or fifth exposure. When the exposure concentration was lowered to 0.5 ppm, there were no effects on mortality in mice infected after the second exposure. Five, daily, 3-hr exposures to 1 ppm O3 had no effect on virus titers in the lungs of mice infected after either the second or fifth exposure. In contrast, wet lung weights were significantly enhanced over infected air controls in mice infected after the second O3 exposure at both 1 and 0.5 ppm but not at 0.25 ppm exposure concentrations. This effect on lung wet weight was observed in mice infected with a dose of virus which produced 7-33% mortality in controls as well as in mice infected with a sublethal dose of virus. Histopathologic changes due to sublethal influenza infection, including nonsuppurative pneumonitis and necrosis, squamous metaplasia and hyperplasia of the epithelium lining the bronchi and bronchioles, were more severe in mice infected after the second of five, 1 ppm O3 exposure than in comparable air controls. Sublethal infection caused a loss of lung volume with secondary reduction in diffusing capability and homogenity of ventilation distribution. These latter two effects were also exacerbated in mice infected after the second of five, 1 ppm O3 exposures as compared to air controls. When mice were infected after the fifth, 1 ppm O3 exposure, there was no effect due to ozone on either lung wet weight or histopathology. The data indicate that O3 has little if any effect on antiviral defense mechanisms since virus titers in the lungs were not affected by O3 exposure. However, mortality and morbidity, as indicated by lung wet weights, histopathology, and pulmonary function changes, were enhanced by O3 exposure in mice infected after the second of five exposures suggesting that symptoms due to infection can be enhanced in the absence of enhanced virus replication, possibly due to synergistic effects of O3 and virus in production of lung pathology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3209013 TI - Quantitative measurement of water consumption patterns in lactating female and neonatal Fischer 344 rats employing [14C]methylcellulose. AB - Lactating female and neonatal Fischer 344 rats were given water containing [14C]methylcellulose, a nonabsorbed marker, over a 24-hr interval on Days 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, and 27 postpartum. The amount of water consumed was calculated based on the 14C activity recovered in the feces and gastrointestinal tract. Maternal water consumption during the first 28 days postpartum, when expressed as g/kg/day, averaged 2.5 times the level consumed by nonlactating female rats. Maternal water consumption peaked on Day 21 postpartum at 3.3 times the level measured in nonlactating female rats of comparable age. Neonatal water consumption began on Day 18 postpartum and by Day 28 postpartum was 1.9 times the level observed in nonlactating females. Average neonatal water consumption between Days 21 and 28 postpartum was 1.3 times the level for nonlactating female rats. These data indicate that when the test material is administered via the drinking water the dose levels received by the maternal and neonatal rats have been routinely underestimated, and that conclusions concerning the dose-response relationship or increased sensitivity during this period must be tempered by these results. PMID- 3209014 TI - In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of a novel man-made fiber, calcium sodium metaphosphate fiber (Phosphate Fiber). AB - As part of a comprehensive effort to evaluate the toxicological potential of calcium sodium metaphosphate fiber (Phosphate Fiber), the in vitro cytotoxicity of the fiber in cultured cells was studied. Two pulmonary-derived cell systems (rat alveolar macrophages, RAM; rat lung epithelial cells, LEC) and an established cell line (Chinese hamster ovary, CHO) were used. Release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was used as an endpoint for cytotoxicity for all three cell types. In addition, inhibition of colony formation was used for CHO cells. The cytotoxicity of Phosphate Fiber was compared to a variety of mineral dusts and fibers including chrysotile asbestos, crocidolite asbestos, two glass fibers, calcium sulfate fiber, titanium dioxide, as well as the nonfibrous raw material, calcium sodium metaphosphate glass. Results with all three cell culture systems demonstrated that the Phosphate Fiber was less cytotoxic than the two asbestos fibers, similar in cytotoxicity to the glass fibers, and more cytotoxic than the calcium sulfate fiber and titanium dioxide. To further investigate the cytotoxicity of the Phosphate Fiber, it was fractionated by sedimentation into small and large fibers. The small Phosphate Fiber was found to be more cytotoxic and the large Phosphate Fiber to be less cytotoxic than the unfractionated Phosphate Fiber. The in vitro data suggest that Phosphate Fiber is less cytotoxic than asbestos, but further determination of safety can only be made after the in vivo data have been obtained. PMID- 3209015 TI - Drug disposition and biotransformation in the developing beagle dog. AB - The ability of developing male and female beagle pups to biotransform and eliminate drugs was studied by administering single intravenous doses of acetaminophen (50 mg/kg body wt), phenobarbital (15 mg/kg body wt), or phenytoin (15 mg/kg body wt) to the same groups of dogs (n = 6-8/drug) at 4, 10, 20, 40, and 60 days of age. At suitable intervals after treatment, small (1.0 ml) blood samples were obtained via the jugular vein and centrifuged and the plasma was recovered and stored at -20 degrees C to await analysis. Acetaminophen proved to be the most interesting "probe" of function with the plasma elimination half-life (beta t/2) in 40- to 60-day-old pups being 4.5-fold shorter than at 4 days of age. The synthesis of sulfate-conjugated drug decreased with age. In older pups, the synthesis of the glucuronide-conjugated drug was predominant. The elimination of sulfated acetaminophen from plasma was slow at all ages whereas the rate of glucuronide disappearance increased with age. Phenobarbital was slowly eliminated from the plasma at all ages and there was no indication of p-hydroxylated metabolite formation. The plasma beta t/2 of phenytoin decreased dramatically with age, a 10-fold difference occurring between 4- and 60-day-old pups. para Hydroxylated phenytoin (pHPPH) was detected only in the plasma of 4- and 10-day old pups, the plasma beta t/2 decreasing with age. With the appropriate chemical and using the technique of collecting small, serial blood samples, this animal model can be potentially useful in perinatal toxicity studies. PMID- 3209016 TI - The acute and chronic toxicities of nivalenol in mice. AB - In an attempt to ascertain precisely the toxic effects of nivalenol (NIV), we conducted the determination of LD50 values, and interim kills during the carcinogenic study in mice. LD50 values (mg/kg) of NIV in 6-week-old male ddY mice were determined as 38.9 (po), 7.4 (ip), 7.2 (sc), and 7.3 (iv). Seven-week old female C57BL/6CrSlc SPF mice were fed diets containing 0, 6, 12, and 30 ppm (mg/kg) NIV over 1 year, and were assessed for effects on body weight gain, feed efficiency, terminal organ weights, hematology, and histopathology. The rates of body weight gain and feed efficiency showed a good dose-dependent correlation in all experimental periods. Gross and histopathological evaluation of the liver, thymus, spleen, kidneys, stomach, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, ovaries, sternum, bone marrow, lymph node, brain, and small intestines with or without Peyer's patch portion from control and all NIV-exposed mice revealed that these tissues were normal in appearance and in histopathological structure. Also, no changes were observed in the ultrastructural studies on the bone marrow. Dietary NIV did, however, cause dose-dependent decreases of absolute organ weights (mg) and increases of relative organ weights (mg/g body weight) in the terminal organ weights recorded. A significant leukopenia was observed in the 30 ppm group at 6 months and in all NIV-treated groups at 1 year. No marked changes were observed in the other hematological parameters. These results indicated that 6 ppm or more of dietary NIV for 1 year showed a characteristic toxic effect of trichothecene mycotoxins in mice. PMID- 3209018 TI - Methylene chloride: two-generation inhalation reproductive study in rats. AB - Reproductive parameters in Fischer 344 rats were evaluated following inhalation of methylene chloride (MeCl2) for two successive generations. Thirty male and female rats were exposed to 0, 100, 500, or 1500 ppm MeCl2 for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 14 weeks and then mated to produce f1 litters. After weaning, 30 randomly selected f1 pups/sex/group were exposed to MeCl2 for 17 weeks and subsequently mated to produce f2 litters. Reproductive parameters examined included fertility, litter size and neonatal growth, and survival. All adults and selected weanlings were examined for grossly visible lesions. Tissues from selected weanlings were examined histopathologically. No adverse effects on reproductive parameters, neonatal survival, or neonatal growth were noted in animals exposed to methylene chloride in either the f0 or f1 generations. Similarly, there were no treatment-related gross pathologic observations in f0 or f1 adults or f1 and f2 weanlings. Histopathologic examination of tissues from f1 and f2 weanlings did not reveal any lesions attributed to methylene chloride. Thus, exposure of rats to concentrations as high as 1500 ppm methylene chloride, which has been shown in a 2-year study to produce treatment-related effects, did not affect any reproductive parameters. PMID- 3209017 TI - Methylene chloride: a 2-year inhalation toxicity and oncogenicity study in rats. AB - Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 50, 200, or 500 ppm methylene chloride for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. Blood carboxyhemoglobin levels were elevated in a dose-dependent (less than linear) manner in rats exposed to 50-500 ppm methylene chloride. Histopathologic lesions related to methylene chloride exposure were confined to the liver and mammary tissue of rats. An increased incidence of hepatocellular vacuolization was observed in male and female rats exposed to 500 ppm methylene chloride. Female rats exposed to 500 ppm methylene chloride also had an increased incidence of multinucleated hepatocytes and number of spontaneous benign mammary tumors/tumor-bearing rat (adenomas, fibromas, and fibroadenomas with no progression toward malignancy); the incidence of benign mammary tumors in female rats exposed to 50 or 200 ppm methylene chloride was comparable to historical control values. No increase in the number of any malignant tumor type was observed in rats exposed to concentrations as high as 500 ppm methylene chloride. Additional groups of female rats were exposed to 500 ppm methylene chloride for the first 12 months or the last 12 months of the 24-month study. The response observed in female rats exposed to 500 ppm for the first 12 months was the same as that observed in female rats exposed to 500 ppm for 2 years. Conversely, the response observed in female rats exposed to 500 ppm during the last 12 months of the study was similar to that observed in control animals. Based upon the results of this study, the no adverse-effect level for chronic inhalation exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats was judged to be 200 ppm methylene chloride. PMID- 3209019 TI - Tumor initiation and promotion effects of petroleum streams in mouse skin. AB - A furnace oil, a dewaxed heavy paraffinic distillate, and a solvent-extracted lubricant base oil induced skin tumors in 9/43, 26/48, and 1/47 male C3H mice, respectively, during lifetime skin-painting bioassays. An initiation/promotion (I/P) bioassay was conducted to assess the I/P potential of these materials. During a 28-week initiation bioassay, groups of 30 male CD-1 mice were first treated dermally once daily for 5 days with 25 or 50 microliter of test materials or 50 microliter of acetone, rested for 2 weeks, then treated twice per week for 25 weeks with 50 microliter (0.1 mg/ml) phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Only groups treated with the heavy paraffinic distillate had a significantly higher incidence of papillomas relative to the acetone control group. During a 28 week promotion bioassay, groups of 30 male CD-1 mice were treated once with 50 microliter of either DMBA (1.0 mg/ml) or acetone, rested for 2 weeks, and then treated twice per week with test material for the remaining 25 weeks. The furnace oil and dewaxed heavy paraffinic distillate showed significantly higher incidences of carcinomas and papillomas in DMBA-initiated mice relative to their acetone-initiated controls. Together these bioassay data suggest that only the dewaxed heavy paraffinic distillate is a complete carcinogen, having both initiating and promoting activity; furnace oil is a promoter only, while the solvent-extracted lubricating oil is noncarcinogenic. Overall, the I/P bioassay correlated well with the results of the lifetime skin-painting bioassay. PMID- 3209020 TI - Development of kidney tumors in the male F344/N rat after treatment with dimethyl methylphosphonate. AB - Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a chemical that has been used as a flame retardant and as a nerve gas simulant to mimic the physical but not biologic properties of nerve gases, was administered by gavage in corn oil for up to 2 years at doses of 0, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day to male and female F344/N rats and at doses of 0, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg/day to male and female B6C3F1 mice. Survival in dosed male rats was reduced, due in part to kidney toxicity, and lesions in the kidney included increased severity of spontaneous nephropathy, calcification, hyperplasia of the tubular and transitional epithelium, tubular cell adenocarcinomas, and transitional cell papillomas and carcinomas. Survival in female rats was similar among groups; survival in mice was reduced and this reduced survival decreased the sensitivity for detecting a carcinogenic response. There were no dose-related neoplastic responses in female rats or male or female mice. The spectrum of kidney lesions seen in the male rat given DMMP is similar to that seen after the long-term administration of a variety of other chemicals including unleaded gasoline, hydrocarbon solvents, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene. PMID- 3209022 TI - Evaluation of the need, perceived by general practitioners, for further education in geriatric dentistry. PMID- 3209021 TI - Incidence of edentulism in a non-institutionalized elderly population. PMID- 3209023 TI - Relationship between cementum fluoride concentration and root caries experience. PMID- 3209024 TI - Dental status and intake of food items among an adult Finnish population. PMID- 3209025 TI - Burning mouth-a case report. PMID- 3209026 TI - Clinical classification and therapeutic design of dental cervical abrasion. PMID- 3209027 TI - Examination of the end rounding pattern of toothbrush bristles using scanning electron microscopy: a comparison of eight toothbrush types. PMID- 3209028 TI - Salivary conditions and drug consumption in older age groups of elderly Swedish individuals. PMID- 3209029 TI - Prevalence of root caries in a population of older adults. PMID- 3209030 TI - Modifying the expectations of denture patients. PMID- 3209032 TI - Dental color as an indicator of age. PMID- 3209033 TI - Use of medications with dental significance by a non-institutionalized elderly population. PMID- 3209031 TI - Modifying the knowledge, skills and habits of denture patients. PMID- 3209034 TI - Coronal and root caries in older Iowans: 36-month incidence. PMID- 3209035 TI - Oral hygiene and periodontal conditions among 201 dentate institutionalized elderly. PMID- 3209036 TI - Dental conditions of the elderly: the teeth available for use. PMID- 3209037 TI - Effects of age, sex and salivary secretion on the human tongue surface. PMID- 3209038 TI - The power of expectation. PMID- 3209039 TI - [Relative bioavailability among metronidazole tablets]. PMID- 3209040 TI - [The efficacy of undergraduate medical teaching]. PMID- 3209041 TI - [AIDS as a public health problem in Mexico]. PMID- 3209042 TI - [Towards a categorization of iatrogenesis]. PMID- 3209043 TI - [Esophageal leiomyomatosis]. PMID- 3209044 TI - [Associations of diseases. Considerations on publications concerning coincident diseases]. PMID- 3209045 TI - [Astrocytoma of the cervical spinal medulla continuous with a bulbar hemangioblastoma]. PMID- 3209046 TI - [Politics of a reorientation of medical research]. PMID- 3209047 TI - [Sleep and wakefulness. Current concepts]. PMID- 3209048 TI - [The extension of health services coverage]. PMID- 3209049 TI - [Human cysticercosis in Mexico]. PMID- 3209050 TI - [Biopsy by transthoracic puncture. Experience in 284 cases]. PMID- 3209051 TI - [Medical education in Mexico: contributions obtained from educational research in a health and social security institution]. PMID- 3209052 TI - Familial risk of cancer among randomly selected cancer probands. AB - Several investigators have reported that relatives of lung cancer probands have a greater-than-normal likelihood for developing some form of cancer. To evaluate whether this familial risk is general for probands with cancer at any site or limited to lung cancer probands, we did a case-control study in which probands having cancer affecting any body site were identified and their pedigree data were tabulated. Telephone interviews and a mailed questionnaire were used to obtain cancer histories and environmental exposures on the families of 41 lung cancer probands, 105 probands with cancer other than lung, and 127 spouse families. Cumulative tobacco exposure (P less than .05), occupational hazards (P less than .005), and age of the family relatives (P less than .0001) were found to be statistically significant predictors of cancer risk. With consideration given for these variables, we determined that siblings of lung cancer probands were at slightly greater risk of cancer of any kind (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, P = .06) than siblings in the control group. Much of the elevated risk was attributable to an excess of lung cancer (OR = 2.49, P = .06). Siblings of non lung/non-breast cancer probands were also determined to be at increased risk of lung cancer as well (OR = 1.61, P = .06). For parents, the risk was lower, although parental information may have been underreported. PMID- 3209053 TI - The impact of varying diagnostic thresholds on affected sib pair linkage analysis. AB - For Mendelian disorders, it is usually simple to classify individuals as either affected or unaffected. By contrast, for "complex" phenotypes, the diagnostic boundary of the disorder is often uncertain. This paper explores the following question: to most efficiently detect linkage in such a complex phenotype by the affected sib pair method, where should the diagnostic threshold be drawn? The model assumes that the disorder is due to a generalized two-allele single major locus (SML) where liability in each genotype is normally distributed. Evidence for linkage between the marker and disease loci is highly dependent on the location of the threshold. The relationship between the placement of the threshold and population linkage information (PLI) is Gaussian-like. At high thresholds, linkage efficiency (LE) (or the amount of linkage information per affected sib pair) is high but PLI is low because the number of affected sib pairs is very small. At low thresholds, the number of affected sib pairs is high, but PLI is low because LE is very low. The model is applied to published SML parameters for schizophrenia, and maximal PLI is achieved at thresholds broader than those for schizophrenia alone. PMID- 3209054 TI - An expected decrease in the incidence of autosomal recessive disease due to decreasing consanguineous marriages. AB - A recent decline in consanguineous marriages in Japan should have resulted in a decrease in the incidence of autosomal recessive disorders. Theoretical estimates were made of the chronological decrease in the incidence using a formula for Hardy-Weinberg expectation in a partially inbred population and applying appropriate consanguinity rates, taken from the literature, during the period from 1942 to 1983. Theoretically estimated also, using Nei's extended Dahlberg's formula, is a chronological decrease in the proportion of first-cousin marriages among the parents of affected individuals. The estimated decrease in both indices during the period was substantial, and greater in disorders of low gene frequencies. The incidence of major autosomal recessive disorders was estimated to have decreased by 40 to 80% during the period. The proportion of first-cousin marriages among the parents of affected individuals dropped from 40-70% in 1945 to 5-15% in 1983. Theoretical estimates of the magnitude of the decrease in the incidence and in the proportion of first-cousin marriages among the parents agreed fairly well with those of observed figures in phenylketonuria and Wilson's disease. PMID- 3209055 TI - Circulatory disease mortality and diabetes incidence in 27 families with Friedreich ataxia. AB - Friedreich ataxia (FRA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder in which nearly all affected homozygotes eventually develop significant cardiomyopathy and a substantial proportion also develop diabetes mellitus. Diabetes and early heart disease have been observed previously in close blood relatives of FRA patients. To test the hypothesis that FRA heterozygotes may have elevated rates of heart disease mortality and diabetes incidence, we compared the rates of these conditions in 1,191 adult blood relatives to those in 745 nonblood relative spouse controls in 27 families of FRA patients. We found no evidence for an excess of diabetes in the blood relatives. For three broad categories of circulatory disease mortality, the FRA blood relatives had significantly higher rates than the spouse controls. However, when each relative's prior probability of heterozygosity for the FRA gene was taken into account, the resulting estimates of relative risk of dying from circulatory disease for FRA heterozygotes compared to nonheterozygotes were not significantly elevated. Since the latter analysis provides the best test of the hypothesis, our data did not strongly support the hypothesis that FRA heterozygotes are at increased risk of cardiac death. PMID- 3209056 TI - Significant association of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with HLA-Cw7. AB - Frequencies of all defined HLA-A, -B, -C (-DR) antigens were determined in 142 (59) Germans suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with differentiation of immunologically defined or age-related subgroups of the disease. A highly significant rise of the HLA-C locus antigen Cw7 was found in ALL patients, particularly those over the age of 11 in comparison with local German and Caucasian controls of the Ninth Int. Histocompatibility Workshop (WS). Only slight differences of HLA-Cw7 frequencies were observed within the four immunologically defined ALL subtypes of all or age-related patient groups. HLA-A, -B, or -DR antigens, as well as HLA-ABC three-locus haplotypes were similarly distributed in patients and their local or Caucasian controls. The results indicate HLA-linked genetic factors conferring susceptibility to ALL in adults, particularly those presenting with B-, T-, and Null-ALL. PMID- 3209058 TI - Can abortive early homologous associations promote increased crossing-over in an adjacent rearranged segment? AB - Meiotic pairing behavior of rearranged chromosome segments is compared across an informative series of combinations. The question is raised whether the simplest explanation for some peculiar findings may include a sequence of synaptic precursor events at leptotene or zygotene, the course of which may eventually strongly affect crossover frequency. PMID- 3209057 TI - Cell surface markers and cellular immune response associated with rheumatic heart disease: complex segregation analysis. AB - A series of functional and cell surface markers associated with a significantly increased risk of rheumatic heart disease were analyzed for the contribution of genetic factors in their presence. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from nine large kindreds from the New Zealand Maori, Polynesian, and Caucasian populations were isolated, purified, and evaluated with lymphocyte surface markers (monoclonals 83S.19.23 and D8103), as well as studied for blastogenic response to a purified group A streptococcal extracellular product, blastogen A. Segregation analysis of blastogenic response and percent of cells positive for these cell surface markers was consistent with genetic control by single major genes; however, the contribution by polygenes varied by marker, indicating heterogeneity of genetic control of identification of cell surface glycoproteins and blastogenic response to streptococcal products. PMID- 3209059 TI - Genetic analysis of growth and maturity in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). AB - Variation in growth and sexual maturity was examined for five stocks of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawning at different times in British Columbia. In each stock, four males were mated with eight females in a nested breeding design, and the juveniles were reared for 500 d after fry emergence. Adults in early-spawning northern stocks were smaller than those in late-spawning southern ones, but pink salmon from northern stocks had faster growth rates than those from southern ones. The relative ranking within stocks of family weight remained constant after late winter in the year of maturity. Heritability of weight based upon sire variance components was usually greater than 0.9 after 150 d of rearing. Pink salmon from the earlier-spawning stocks were in a more advanced state of sexual maturity when the experiment was terminated than were those from later-spawning stocks, indicative of a significant genetic component in timing of sexual maturity. PMID- 3209060 TI - Gene segregation in induced tetraploid rainbow trout: genetic evidence of preferential pairing of homologous chromosomes. AB - Gene segregation at six protein loci was analysed in progeny from tetraploid males and females obtained by suppression of first mitosis. The triploid full-sib families from five tetraploid males and the diploid gynogenetic lines from four tetraploid females were examined. The proportions of heterozygous gametes (0.83 on the average) were significantly higher than expected from tetrasomic inheritance (0.667) at all the loci studied. This was explained by preferential pairing of homologous chromosomes. The proportions of heterozygous gametes were significantly different between loci, but the variations were not correlated with the gene--centromere distances. Our results showed that, at least for one locus, the homozygous gametes mainly resulted from pairing of homologous chromosomes rather than from pairing of homologous chromosomes, quadrivalent formation, and chromatin exchanges between homologous chromosomes. PMID- 3209061 TI - Growth and body composition of mice selected for high body weight. AB - To elucidate the influence of high body weight selection on body compositional relationships, the accumulation of lipid, protein, and ash was investigated in two lines of mice selected for high 42-day body weight (H lines) and an unselected foundation population (FP). The two H lines differed in population size and were designated as the high-large (HL) and high-small (HS) lines. Logistic body growth curves revealed that HL mice exhibited an accelerated growth rate and reached a higher mature body weight than FP or HS mice. Over the range of body weights examined, HL mice had more lipid, less protein, and less ash than FP or HS mice of the same sex and body weight. However, HL lipid accumulation (relative to body weight increase) was not accelerated in comparison to that of FP mice. This study suggests that the existing model of selection-mediated compositional changes requires expansion to account for the ability of high growth selection to direct an acceleration of body growth without a correlated enhancement of the relative rate of fat accumulation. PMID- 3209062 TI - Biochemical data bearing on the relationship between the genome of Triticum urartu and the A and B genomes of the polyploid wheats. AB - To determine whether the Triticum urartu genome is more closely related to the A or B genome of the polyploid wheats, the amino acid sequence of its purothionin was compared to the amino acid sequences of the purothionins in Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum, and Triticum aestivum. The residue sequence of the purothionin from T. urartu differs by five and six amino acid substitutions respectively from the alpha 1 and alpha 2 forms coded for by genes in the B and D genomes, and is identical to the beta form specified by a gene in the A genome. Therefore, the T. urartu purothionin is either coded by a gene in the A genome or a chromosome set highly homologous to it. The results demonstrate that at least a portion of the T. urartu and T. monococcum genomes is homologous and probably identical. A variety of other studies have also shown that T. urartu is very closely related to T. monococcum and, in all likelihood, also possesses the A genome. Therefore, it could be argued that either T. urartu and T. monococcum are the same species or that T. urartu rather than T. monococcum is the source of the A genome in T. turgidum and T. aestivum. Except for Johnson's results, our data and that of others suggest a revised origin of polyploid wheats. Specifically, the list of six putative B genome donor species is reduced to five, all members of the Sitopsis section of the genus Aegilops. PMID- 3209064 TI - Phenotypic characterization and genetic analysis of twenty dominant cataract mutations detected in offspring of irradiated male mice. PMID- 3209063 TI - Studies on the expression and evolution of the glycogen phosphorylase gene family in the rat. AB - Muscle, liver, and brain glycogen phosphorylases in mammals comprise a family of closely related isozymes that are differentially expressed in a wide variety of cell types. Towards obtaining a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the tissue-specific control of expression of this isozyme family, we used an antibody generated against bovine liver phosphorylase to obtain quantitative estimates of the concentrations of the three isozymes in rat tissues by Western blot analysis. This analysis indicated that expression of these isozymes at the protein level, although widespread, was tissue-specific and each isozyme exhibited variations in expression throughout the tissues where it was produced. We also began a preliminary analysis of the evolution of the genes encoding these three isozymes. Towards this end, we isolated and sequenced a partial cDNA to the rat brain isozyme that encompassed the coding region from amino acids 569 to 729. Using known phosphorylase gene sequences, we reconstructed a phylogeny spanning three kingdoms. This phylogeny indicated that brain and muscle isozymes are more closely related to each other than to the liver isozyme and that gene duplications that give rise to the family predate the mammalian radiation. Differences in the relative rates of change of the three isozymes were observed and this may reflect different constraints on their evolution perhaps related to their functional roles and (or) tissue-specific expression. PMID- 3209066 TI - Age-related reactivation of an X-linked gene close to the inactivation centre in the mouse. PMID- 3209065 TI - Evolutionary characterization of a Y chromosomal sequence conserved in the genus Mus. PMID- 3209067 TI - The functions of the phage T4 immunity and spackle genes in genetic exclusion. PMID- 3209068 TI - Determinants of the 3' splice site for self-splicing of the Tetrahymena pre-rRNA. AB - Tetrahymena preribosomal RNA undergoes self-splicing in vitro. The structural components involved in recognition of the 5' splice site have been identified, but the mechanism by which the 3' splice site is recognized is not established. To identify some components of 3'splice site recognition, we have generated mutations near the 3' splice site and determined their effects on self-splicing. Alteration of the 3'-terminal guanosine of the intervening sequence (IVS), a conserved nucleotide in group I IVSs, almost eliminated 3' splice site activity; the IVS-3' exon splicing intermediate accumulated, and exon ligation was extremely slow. These mutations do not result in recruitment of cryptic 3' splice sites, in contrast to mutations that affect the 5' splice site. Alteration of the cytidine preceding the 3'-terminal guanosine or of the first two nucleotides of the 3' exon had similar but less severe effects on exon ligation. Most of the mutants showed some reduction (less than threefold) in GTP addition at the 5' splice site. A mutation that placed a new guanosine residue just upstream from the 3'-terminal guanosine misspliced to produce ligated exons with one extra nucleotide between the 5' and 3' exons. We conclude that multiple nucleotides, located both at the 3' end of the IVS and in the 3' exon, are required for 3' splice site recognition. PMID- 3209069 TI - A group of genes required for pattern formation in the ventral ectoderm of the Drosophila embryo. AB - Mutations in the genes spitz (spi), Star (S), single-minded (sim), pointed (pnt), rhomboid (rho) (all zygotic), and sichel (sic) (maternal), collectively called the spitz group, cause similar pattern alterations in ventral ectodermal derivatives of the Drosophila embryo. The cuticle structures lacking in mutant embryos normally derive from longitudinal strips of the ventro-lateral blastoderm. Defects were found in the median part of the central nervous system in whole-mount embryos stained with anti-HRP (horseradish peroxidase) antibodies. In addition, the nerve cells expressing the even-skipped protein appeared abnormally arranged. These results suggest that groups of cells from the same region, including both epidermal and neural precursor cells, require spitz-group gene activity for normal development. The members of the spitz group differ from one another: sim affects a more median strip of the ventral ectoderm than the other zygotic genes and pnt causes separation rather than deletion of pattern elements. As shown by pole cell transplantations, spi and S are also required for normal development of the female germ line, while sim, rho, and pnt appear to be exclusively zygotically expressed, and the maternal gene sic acts in the germ line autonomously. Some embryos produced by sic-homozygous females differentiate the spitz phenotype, others develop normally or die early. Of all the spitz-group genes, sim appears to have the most specific effect on the embryonic pattern. The significance of the spitz-group phenotypes for the dorso-ventral pattern formation is discussed. PMID- 3209070 TI - The maternal sex determination gene daughterless has zygotic activity necessary for the formation of peripheral neurons in Drosophila. AB - The daughterless (da) gene is known to have separate maternal and zygotic functions: Maternally supplied daughterless activity is required for proper sex determination and dosage compensation in female embryos, whereas loss of zygotically supplied da+ activity causes embryonic lethality in both male and female embryos. We have found that the zygotic da+ activity is necessary for neural development: The use of neuron-specific antibodies and beta-galactosidase marked X chromosomes has revealed that in both male and female embryos deletions or strong mutations of the da gene remove all peripheral neurons and associated sensory structures without disrupting the epithelium from which they derive. Partial da+ function causes partial removal of peripheral neurons. Our results indicate that da+ is required for the formation of peripheral neurons and their associated sensory structures. PMID- 3209071 TI - An erythrocyte-specific protein that binds to the poly(dG) region of the chicken beta-globin gene promoter. AB - The promoter region of the chicken adult beta-globin gene contains a sequence of 16 deoxyguanosine residues located at a nucleosome boundary in tissues where the gene is inactive. In definitive erythrocytes that express the beta-globin gene, the nucleosome is displaced, the G-string and adjacent sequences are occupied by sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, and a nuclease hypersensitive domain is generated in this region. To gain insight into the role of the G-string in this series of events, we have examined the proteins that bind to it. Using the gel mobility shift assay and a monoclonal antibody that blocks specific binding to the G-string, we have identified a specific protein, BGP1, that is found only in chicken erythroid cells and appears at the same time, or shortly before, the changes in chromatin structure. The antibody interacts strongly with BGP1 and cross-reacts weakly with Sp1. Although both BGP1 and Sp1 require Zn2+ for their DNA-binding activity, these proteins differ in their binding-site specificities, chromatographic properties, and molecular weights. In contrast to Sp1, which is found in a wide variety of cell types, BGP1 is restricted to erythrocytes and is most abundant in definitive erythrocytes. Thus, its presence corresponds to the tissue- and stage-specific occupancy of the G-string in vivo. PMID- 3209072 TI - Expression, function, and regulation of the hairy segmentation protein in the Drosophila embryo. AB - The Drosophila pair-rule segmentation gene, hairy, is required for the proper development of alternate embryonic segment primordia and the normal spatial expression of another pair-rule gene, fushi tarazu (ftz). We demonstrate that the product of the hairy gene is localized to the nuclei of cells in eight distinct regions of the early embryo. The major stripes of protein accumulation comprise the posterior half and the adjacent anterior portion of alternate segment primordia; the hairy pattern overlaps transiently with ftz expression in a narrow band of cells. Unlike other pair-rule products that have been studied, hairy is not expressed in the embryonic nervous system. The spatial distribution of the nuclear hairy protein and the pattern of ftz expression in embryos lacking hairy function suggests that hairy plays a direct role in repressing ftz gene expression. The pattern of hairy expression in gap gene mutants that affect ftz expression indicates that the gap genes largely act indirectly upon ftz through their effects on hairy. PMID- 3209073 TI - Functional and biochemical features of alcohol dehydrogenase in four species of the obscura group of Drosophila. AB - The biochemical features of ADH of four Drosophila species of the obscura group have been studied. The relationship between ethanol tolerance and ADH activity has been investigated. Propan-2-ol and acetone concentrations have been determined in propan-2-ol treated flies and ADH activity has been followed during 96 h of propan-2-ol treatment. Data on the ADH system confirm constructed phylogenies based on electrophoretic variation and chromosome homologies. PMID- 3209074 TI - Linkage studies of wavy in the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus. AB - The gene for wavy coat (wv) is shown to assort independently of the albino (c), brown (b), hooded pattern (h) and pink-eyed dilution (p) genes. The c and p genes, known to be in linkage group I, were observed to show a recombination value of 19.9 +/- 3.3 per cent. PMID- 3209076 TI - Circumferential nodulocystic keratopathy. A case report. AB - An apparently unique type of corneal nodular keratopathy is presented. The keratopathy was characterized by large, circumferentially bilaterally located, cystic nodules just inside the limbus. No epithelial cell or collagenous degeneration nor evidence of chronic inflammatory process was found on histopathologic examination of a biopsy of a nodule. Proteinaceous material was present between the epithelial cell basement membrane and collagenous stroma. There was no antecedent history of keratitis or uveitis. The patient was known to have inflammatory bowel disease (regional ileitis) and rheumatoid arthritis with ankylosing spondylitis. However, the corneal lesions could not definitely be associated with any of these disorders. This case does not correspond with any previously described corneal disorders. We have termed it circumferential nodulocystic keratopathy, which best describes its clinical and histologic features. PMID- 3209075 TI - Bilateral retinal detachments in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Bilateral serous retinal detachments are rare complications of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with chronic relapsing TTP with bilateral serous retinal detachments, which resolved after prompt aggressive medical therapy. Unlike several previous reports, the retinal detachments in our patient were unrelated to systemic hypertension. PMID- 3209077 TI - Acquired peripapillary changes and progression in glaucoma. AB - In a review of fundus photographs, changes in the degree of depigmentation or atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were observed near the disc over time in 21% of cases with progressive glaucomatous cupping, but they also occurred as a natural phenomenon over time in 4% of eyes with nonprogressive glaucoma and in 3% of nonglaucomatous eyes. Thus, the peripapillary RPE shows some progressive alteration in normal individuals, but also may sometimes suffer along with the axons during glaucomatous damage. The acquired changes observed in the progressive glaucomatous eyes seem too small and too infrequent to account for the high prevalence of large haloes and crescents seen around the optic disc in glaucoma. PMID- 3209078 TI - Electrophysiological findings of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in heterozygotes. AB - Nineteen obligate heterozygotes, 8 individuals at risk of being heterozygote, and 10 patients afflicted with four different forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis were examined electrophysiologically. The group of obligate heterozygotes was compared to age-matched control groups. Statistically significant differences were found between scotopic b-wave amplitudes, P-ERG amplitudes, and EOG light peaks of the obligate carriers of the juvenile type and the control subjects. The photopic L-ERGs and the latencies of the VEPs were mostly within the normal range. The findings represent the first evidence of functional ophthalmological changes in obligate carriers of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and demonstrate that heterozygotes with certain hereditary autosomal recessive diseases may manifest subtle functional signs. PMID- 3209079 TI - Optic disc morphometry in chronic primary open-angle glaucoma. I. Morphometric intrapapillary characteristics. AB - Four hundred twenty-seven optic discs of 233 unselected patients suffering from chronic primary open-angle glaucoma were morphometrically evaluated and compared with the optic nerve heads of 253 unselected normal subjects. Only one randomly chosen eye per patient was taken into consideration. We found that glaucoma leads to a change in the characteristic configuration of the neuroretinal rim that in normal eyes is significantly (P less than 0.001) largest at the lower disc pole, smaller at the upper and nasal disc side, and smallest in the temporal disc region. Based on this information, significant (P less than 0.001) morphometric differences between "early" glaucomatous and normal discs are: (a) the neuroretinal rim area in the lower temporal disc sector is smaller than in the upper temporal disc sector; the smallest rim width is outside the horizontal temporal disc sector ("pathognomonic"); the quotient of horizontal to vertical c/d ratio is lowered; and (d) the lower temporal, upper temporal, and total rim area are decreased. No significant difference in overall optic disc size and form exists between normal and glaucomatous eyes. Smaller optic nerve heads are not more susceptible to glaucoma. PMID- 3209080 TI - Orbital cellulitis due to mucormycosis. A case report. AB - A case of orbital cellulitis caused by mucormycosis developed in a patient subsequent to cataract extraction and during systemic steroid treatment for postoperative complications. Fatal mucormycosis is a rare disease usually beginning with a subcutaneous inflammatory lesion. As the subsequent development of orbital cellulitis is very rare, little has been published on this subject. In cases of subcutaneous mucormycosis, the diagnosis can easily be made by means of histologic examination of the lesion. However, early diagnosis is difficult in cases with orbital involvement, because the most common cause of orbital cellulitis is bacterial. Thus, orbital cellulitis caused by mucormycosis is often wrongly treated with antibacterial agents only, as histologic examination is neither easy nor part of any routine investigation. Therefore, a combined treatment using antibiotics and antifungal agents in immunusuppressed patients with this disease is advocated. PMID- 3209081 TI - The pattern electroretinogram and visual-evoked potential in glaucoma. AB - The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) may reflect ganglion cell or inner retinal layer activity. The most sensitive spatial and temporal variables for testing patients with glaucoma have not yet been identified. Fifty-two glaucoma suspects, 51 glaucoma patients, and 28 normal subjects were studied with the PERG and VEP, using three repetition rates and three spatial frequencies. Fast Fourier transforms were calculated at each spatial frequency and reversal rate. An analysis of variance revealed that normals could be differentiated from ocular hypertension and glaucoma patients using the amplitude of the PERG (second and fourth harmonic). Abnormalities in phase of the PERG between groups were also detected. A discriminant analysis of all amplitude and phase data revealed that the phase shift of the response of the second harmonic at 11 alternations/s (15 min checks) and at 5.5 alternations/s (15-min checks) correctly identified 81% of the normal and 75% of the glaucoma patients. The phase shift determinations of the VEP revealed significant abnormalities using 2 and 1/2 standard deviation confidence limits. There was significant overlap in the pattern ERG amplitude and phase shift in all three groups. PMID- 3209082 TI - New hypotheses on the pathogenesis and treatment of serous retinal detachment. AB - Recent experimental work has shown that, under normal conditions, most subretinal fluid is absorbed rapidly by active transport across the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). However, in the presence of damage to the RPE blood-retinal barrier, subretinal fluid is rapidly cleared by passive forces. Thus, it is apparent that RPE defects do not by themselves cause serous retinal detachment. A hypothesis is presented that some serous detachments occur because normal metabolic transport systems of the RPE have been damaged, while the blood-retinal barrier remains intact to prevent passive drainage of the subretinal space. Under these conditions, a focal RPE "leak" can overload the system so that the serous fluid accumulates and persists. Photocoagulation of a leaking point can facilitate resolution of the fluid, but as long as the underlying metabolic dysfunction of the RPE persists, recurrence is possible. Some forms of serous detachment may thus be viewed as diffuse rather than focal ocular disorders in which the transport capability of the RPE has been damaged; such damage can result from systemic pathology such as adrenergic stress (e.g., central serous chorioretinopathy) or vascular disease (e.g., hypertension). PMID- 3209084 TI - Ultrastructure of the paralimbal and juxtacaruncular human conjunctiva. AB - The epithelial fine structure of the juxtacaruncular and the medial paralimbal human conjunctiva was evaluated. In both locations the following types of cells could be identified: (1) basal cells containing numerous intermediary filaments (dark basal cells); (2) basal cells containing many mitochondria (light basal cells); (3) wing cells (spinocytes containing numerous filaments that were fewer and formed smaller bundles than those of the dark basal cells; (4) flattened, dark superficial cells; (5) wing-cell-like superficial cells. In addition, the juxtacaruncular conjunctiva contained the following cell types: goblet cells, light wing cells containing a multitude of polysomes, light wing cells containing dilated profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rare), and light wing cells containing numerous microtubules (rare). PMID- 3209083 TI - Ultrastructural and permeability characteristics of retinal vessels in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The ultrastructure and permeability of retinal arterioles, venules, and capillaries located near the optic disc of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were studied using electron microscopy and tracer cytochemistry. A variety of structural changes were observed in arterioles of SHRSP. They include (1) narrowing of the lumen due to smooth muscle hyperplasia and/or fragmentation and thickening of the basal lamina, (2) fusiform aneurysms containing degenerated smooth muscle cells and reduplicated basal lamina, and (3) the presence of microfilament bundles under the luminal surface of the endothelium. In addition, the wall of venules was thickened due to accumulation of basal lamina material. Many capillary pericytes were also degenerated. Retinal vessels of age-matched normotensive rats did not show such changes. In SHRSP, after injection of peroxidase, extravasation of tracer was seen occasionally in retinal capillaries and in the central retinal vein at the optic nerve head. No changes in vascular permeability were observed in the normotensive rats. PMID- 3209085 TI - Acid hydrolases in the bovine lens epithelium. AB - Acid hydrolases (acid phophatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alpha-D mannosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase, and beta-D-glucuronidase) in the bovine lens epithelium were studied biochemically. p-Nitrophenyl derivatives were used as substrate. All enzymatic activity was found to be much higher in the epithelium than in the cortex and nucleus. The properties of acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta D-glucosaminidase, and alpha-D-mannosidase were also studied, yielding Km values of 0.28, 0.95, and 0.53 mM, respectively. The optimal pH of these enzymes was acidic. Among the subcellular fractions, both acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta D-glucosaminidase had the highest enzymatic activities in the 20,000 g precipitate fraction, while alpha-D-mannosidase showed no difference in activity among the subcellular fractions, suggesting that alpha-D-mannosidase in the bovine lens epithelium is nonlysosomal. PMID- 3209087 TI - Retinal striae as a sign of resolving candidal chorioretinitis. PMID- 3209086 TI - Optic disk morphometry in high myopia. AB - The optic nerve head in highly myopic eyes is distinctly different from normal optic disks. We performed magnification-corrected morphometry of photographs of 51 optic nerve heads in highly myopic eyes (myopic refraction of more than -8.00 diopters). Mean refraction was -15.49 +/- 5.76 diopters (range, -8.00 to 28.00 diopters), mean age 63.0 +/- 12.1 years (range, 27-87 years). The disks were significantly (P less than 0.000001; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) larger and more ovally configurated than 457 unselected normal optic nerve heads with a myopic refraction of less than -8.00 diopters. Refraction, size of the disk, and area of the parapapillary region with chorioretinal atrophy were significantly (P less than 0.00001) correlated with each other. The parapapillary vessel diameter was independent from the disk size. Highly myopic disks can be regarded as secondary acquired macrodisks, the size of which is correlated with refraction and possibly age. They should be differentiated from secondary, acquired macrodisks in congenital glaucoma and from primary macrodisks. As in normal eyes, the parapapillary vessel caliber can be used to estimate the optic disk size in relative and approximately absolute units. PMID- 3209089 TI - [The results of x-ray endovascular balloon dilatation in valvular stenosis of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 3209088 TI - [Emergency valve-preserving operations in mitral stenosis under craniocerebral hypothermia]. PMID- 3209090 TI - [The results of the surgical treatment of congenital heart defects of the pallor type under nonperfusion hypothermia (31-25 degrees C)]. PMID- 3209091 TI - [Blood rheology aspects of open-heart operations]. PMID- 3209092 TI - [Echocardiographic assessment of the functional state of an experimental aorto left ventricular conduit]. PMID- 3209093 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity of patients operated on for tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 3209094 TI - [The late results of treating abscesses of the lungs by filling them with a foaming polymeric compound]. PMID- 3209096 TI - [1-stage echinococcectomy in bilateral pulmonary echinococcosis]. PMID- 3209095 TI - [Endoscopic electrosurgery of the trachea and bronchi]. PMID- 3209097 TI - [Effect of preoperative radiation therapy on the immediate results of bronchoplastic operations in lung cancer]. PMID- 3209098 TI - [Replacement of the trachea with an experimental silicone prosthesis]. PMID- 3209099 TI - [The experience of 700 operations on the lungs under high-frequency artificial ventilation]. PMID- 3209100 TI - [The causes of error in assessing hemodynamic parameters of the lesser circulation]. PMID- 3209101 TI - [Surgical correction of a coronary-right ventricular fistula in a child]. PMID- 3209102 TI - [Transposition of the great vessels combined with juxtaposition of the auriculae atrii]. PMID- 3209103 TI - [Neurofibroma of the diaphragm]. PMID- 3209104 TI - [1-stage sequential removal of a mediastinal-intravertebral neurinoma of the sandglass type]. PMID- 3209105 TI - [Suppurating echinococcosis of the posterosuperior mediastinum in a child]. PMID- 3209106 TI - Mucin in gall bladder bile of gall stone patients: influence of treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid. AB - The concentration of hexosamine, a marker for mucin, was determined and related to the degree of cholesterol saturation and to the occurrence of cholesterol crystals in gall bladder bile of gall stone patients (n = 40) and gall stone free subjects (n = 25). Ten of the gall stone patients had been treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and eight with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) three to four weeks before cholecystectomy. The hexosamine content was significantly higher in gall stone patients (137 (19) ng/ml, mean (SE) than in gall stone free subjects (83 (9) ng/ml, p less than 0.02). Treatment with CDCA or UDCA decreased cholesterol saturation, but did not significantly affect the hexosamine concentration. There was no difference in hexosamine concentration between gall stone patients with and without cholesterol crystals. The results do not support the hypothesis that the degree of cholesterol saturation is important for the mucin content of gall bladder bile in man. Neither do the data indicate that the formation and occurrence of cholesterol crystals in gall bladder bile from gall stone patients is caused by an increased concentration of mucin. As the studies were conducted on patients who had already had gall stones for several years, however, an effect of mucin in the very early stage of gall stone formation cannot be completely excluded. PMID- 3209107 TI - Dietary factors in the aetiology of gall stones: a case control study. AB - Dietary intake was studied in 121 women with gall stones (identified in a prevalence survey using ultrasonography) and a similar number of age-matched controls in order to investigate nutritional factors in the aetiology of the condition. Despite the appreciably lower frequency of gall stones in vegetarians as compared with non-vegetarian women (11.5% and 24.6% respectively) nutrient intake did not differ between cases and controls. This may indicate the existence of a threshold effect where virtually all non-vegetarian women in affluent societies have a diet high in saturated fat, animal protein, and simple sugar to the extent that it is not possible to distinguish between cases and controls. In women with newly discovered gall stones, the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms was no different from that in the controls. Thus cholecystectomies carried out to relieve relatively low grade symptoms may not do so. PMID- 3209108 TI - Evidence for a role of oxygen derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of caerulein induced acute pancreatitis in rats. AB - The effects of a polyethylene glycol linked oxygen free radical scavenger enzyme, superoxide dismutase (PEG:SOD) on caerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in rats were examined. Pancreas weights and serum amylase concentrations in rats given a three hour continuous intravenous infusion of caerulein (7.5 micrograms/kg/h, n = 18) for induction of AP followed by a three hour infusion of normal saline were significantly raised by approximately 25% (p less than 0.005) and 750% (p less than 0.001), respectively, compared with values obtained in control rats (n = 7) infused for six hours with normal saline alone. A single intraperitoneal injection of either 1 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 6), 2 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 5), or 4 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 5) of PEG:SOD immediately before caerulein infusion did not significantly alter pancreas weights, serum amylase content, or pancreatic histopathology compared with rats given caerulein alone. By contrast, a single intravenous bolus injection of 4 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 9) of PEG:SOD before caerulein treatment significantly reduced serum amylase content by approximately 25% (p less than 0.05) and a continuous six hour intravenous infusion of 4 X 10(4) U/kg/h of PEG:SOD (n = 5) produced significant reductions of approximately 25% (p less than 0.001), 35% (p less than 0.05), and 50% (p less than 0.01) in pancreas weights, serum amylase concentrations, and acinar cell vacuolisation (p less than 0.01), respectively, compared with values in rats given caerulein alone. In studies using bovine serum albumin linked to polyethylene glycol and infused for six hours at protein concentrations identical to high dose PEG:SOD (n = 6), no beneficial effects against caerulein induced AP were observed. These data suggest that (a) oxygen derived free radicals are involved in the early pathogenesis of caerulein induced AP in rats, and (b) the greatly extended circulating half life of polyethylene PEG:SOD ( > 35 hours in rats compared with less than six minutes for native superoxide dismutase) may make this compound more suitable than native superoxide dismutase as a potential therapeutic agent in AP. PMID- 3209109 TI - Macrophage heterogeneity in normal colonic mucosa and in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Immunohistological techniques using monoclonal antibodies were employed to study the morphology and phenotypic expression of macrophage like cells in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's colitis and histologically normal colonic mucosa. The antibody RFD1 identifies interdigitating (antigen presenting) cells whereas RFD7 binds to mature tissue macrophages. In normal colonic mucosa, the majority of cells recognised by these reagents were positive for Class II antigen expression and a median 87% (range 80-95%) were positive for both RFD1 and RFD7, with 6.5% (ranges 1-14%) positive for either antibody alone. There was much greater macrophage heterogeneity in the ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis biopsies than in normal mucosa. Clusters of RFD9+ cells (epithelioid cells) were found in Crohn's colitis and, to a lesser extent, in ulcerative colitis. Some Crohn's colitis sections showed replacement of the normal colonic macrophage phenotype with RFD1 RFD7+ cells (classical scavenger macrophages). The degree of this replacement correlated with the histological severity of the disease. By contrast, large numbers of RFD1+ RFD7- cells, with long dendritic processes, were found in intimate association with the lymphoid infiltrates in the lamina propria of the ulcerative colitis sections. Future studies of the factors controlling macrophage differentiation in tissues may help to explain the greater macrophage heterogeneity in inflammatory bowel disease and the differences between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis observed in this study. PMID- 3209110 TI - Short chain fatty acid distributions of enema samples from a sigmoidoscopy population: an association of high acetate and low butyrate ratios with adenomatous polyps and colon cancer. AB - We investigated the distribution of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in enema samples taken from subjects before sigmoidoscopy as an indicator of possible microbial community differences between subjects subsequently diagnosed as normal or having colonic disorders. The major SCFA in all groups were acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. A significantly higher ratio of acetate to total SCFA and lower ratio of butyrate to total SCFA was found for polyp-colon cancer subjects than for normal subjects. There were no significant differences in the ratios of acetate, propionate, or butyrate between the diverticulosis or inflammatory bowel groups and the normal group. There were no significant sex differences nor were there correlations with the ratios of acetate, propionate or butyrate and age, subject weight, or dry weights of samples. Significant differences in concentrations of individual acids were found between normal and certain diagnostic groups. The difference in proportions of individual SCFA between groups suggest differences in fermentation patterns of the colonic microflora. PMID- 3209111 TI - Rectal hyperplasia after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. AB - Jejunoileal bypass (JIB) has been widely used to treat patients with morbid obesity for the past 20 years. In rats JIB causes adaptive colonic hyperplasia and enhances colorectal neoplasia. In this study crypt cell production rate (CCPR) was measured stathmokinetically in cultured rectal biopsies from nine patients with JIB and seven controls without intestinal operations or disease. Crypt cell production rate in the group with JIB was more than double that of controls (12.80 (2.67) v 6.23 (1.49) cells/crypt/h: p less than 0.001). There were no significant differences in crypt morphometry and histological examination of rectal biopsies was normal. Patients with JIB have a marked and persistent increase in cell proliferation in the large intestine and may be at increased risk of developing colonic cancer. PMID- 3209112 TI - GABA immunoreactivity and 3H-GABA uptake in mucosal epithelial cells of the rat stomach. AB - GABA, best known as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is also present in various peripheral tissues including the gastrointestinal tract, where there is strong evidence that GABA acts as a transmitter in some intrinsic myenteric neurones. Several studies indicate that the gastric mucosa is one of the sites of action of GABA in the gut. Highly specific anti-GABA antibodies have been used to detect endogenous GABA in the mucosa of the rat gastrointestinal tract, and 3H-GABA uptake followed by autoradiography has been used to localise cells with uptake sites for exogenous GABA. It was found that although GABA immunoreactive nerve fibres are essentially absent from this site, some mucosal cells are strongly GABA-immunoreactive. These cells are common in the pyloric stomach and upper part of the small intestine. The autoradiographic experiments provide evidence that these cells also possess high-affinity GABA uptake sites. These observations raise the possibility that in the gastrointestinal tract GABA acts as a gut hormone in a subpopulation of mucosal endocrine cells, in addition to its role as an enteric neurotransmitter. PMID- 3209113 TI - Age related increase of brush border enzyme activities along the small intestine. AB - Intestinal morphology and brush border hydrolase activities were determined along the small intestine of young adult (three months, n = 10), mature (12 months, n = 10), and senescent (29 months, n = 15) rats. The intestinal segments of the senescent rats contained higher mucosal mass and protein content (p less than 0.05) compared with the young and mature animals. A significant reduction of villus height and crypt depth (p less than 0.05) was found in the proximal intestine during aging. A 35% increase in villus height (p less than 0.05) without changes in crypt depth, was observed in the distal ileum in senescent rats. The activities of sucrase and isomaltase were significantly increased during aging in the duodenum and jejunum (p less than 0.05). Lactase and aminopeptidase activities which showed only minor changes between young and mature animals were significantly enhanced in senescent animals (p less than 0.05) with aminopeptidase exhibiting a three-fold increase in activity in the proximal ileum. The results when combined with those of previous studies suggest that in the aged animal, the increased level of intestinal hydrolase activities may be the consequence of prolonged cellular maturation along the villi in the proximal intestine, and of adaptation to increased concentrations of intraluminal substrates in the distal intestine. PMID- 3209114 TI - Low gluten diet in the treatment of adult coeliac disease: effect on jejunal morphology and serum anti-gluten antibodies. AB - Treatment of patients with coeliac disease with a low gluten containing diet (LGD) remains controversial. We have studied jejunal morphology and antigluten (AG) antibody titres by ELISA in patients on a LGD of 2.5-5 g/day for three to 14 months (median six months) and compared results with patients on a strict gluten free diet (GFD) for six to 27 months (median 13 months). We found no significant difference in villous height or crypt depth (eight LGD v 10 GFD patients) or serum AG-IgA, -IgG, and IgM titres (13 LGD v 12 GFD patients). there was however, a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in intra-epithelial lymphocytes in those patients on a LGD. We conclude that adult coeliac patients can tolerate a LGD without gross morphological change and without initiating significant AG antibody responses. PMID- 3209116 TI - Pattern of 24 hour intragastric acidity in active duodenal ulcer disease and in healthy controls. AB - Twenty four hour intragastric acidity was measured by continuous recording using intragastric combined glass electrodes in 46 duodenal ulcer patients within 48 hours of endoscopic confirmation of active ulceration. Acidity during predefined time periods was compared with that measured in 40 healthy controls without gastrointestinal disease: it was significantly higher in duodenal ulcer patients at all times, but 25% of ulcer patients had median 24 hour acidity within the interquartile range of the normal group. During the evening (18,00 to 22,00 h) ulcer patients had considerable acidity with a median of 39.8 (63.1-31.6) mmol/l (interquartile range) compared with 5.6 (22.3-0.4) mmol/l of controls. It is suggested that antisecretory treatment be directed to decrease this period of unbuffered acidity, as well as during the night, which is presently considered of prime importance. PMID- 3209115 TI - Prevention of acute gastric erosions in the rat by novel semi-synthetic amphipathic analogues of pepstatin. AB - Pepstatin is a potent aspartyl proteinase inhibitor which is virtually insoluble in physiological media. Five semi-synthetic amphipathic analogues of pepstatin, prepared by N terminal substitution of native pepstatin with hydrophilic oligopeptides, have been assessed for their ability to protect the mucosa in two animal models of acute gastric erosions. Concentrations of approximately 90 pmol/mg were achieved in the rat gastric mucosa after oral administration of a 20 mmol solution. These levels are theoretically adequate to inhibit all pepsin like proteinase activity (including zymogens). Each pepstatin analogue was tested by intragastric administration in a controlled hypotension/luminal acid animal model of acute gastric erosions in a group of six animals. All the inhibitors tested produced marked mucosal protection, as measured by a mucosal damage index, compared with control animals (control mean 241, range 100-420; Pepstatinyl-Gly Orn-Orn-Cys (10 mmol) mean 3, range 0-8, p less than 0.01; Pepstatinyl-Gly Cysteic acid-Cysteic acid (10 mmol) mean 5, range 0-21, p less than 0.01; Pepstatinyl-Gly-Lys-Lys (10 mmol) mean 18, range 0-60, p less than 0.01; Pepstatinyl-Gly-Cysteic acid-Cysteic acid (1 mmol) mean 24, range 0-86, p less than 0.01; Pepstatinyl-Gly-Orn-Orn-Cys (1 mmol) mean 57, range 0-116, p less than 0.01; Pepstatinyl-Gly-Asp-Asp (1 mg/ml suspension) mean 68, range 19-126, p less than 0.01; Pepstatinyl-Arg-OMe (1 mmol) mean 93, range 4-142, p less than 0.05, Pepstatinyl-Gly-Lys-Lys (1 mmol) mean 157, range 70-286, NS). In a platelet activating factor/20% luminal ethanol model of erosions the pepstatin analogues again provided mucosal protection although this only reached statistical significance for one of three compounds tested. PMID- 3209118 TI - Effect of stress on oesophageal motor function in normal subjects and in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. AB - Stress can modulate the motor function of the stomach, small bowel, and colon in healthy subjects, and of the small bowel and colon in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The effect of stress on oesophageal motility in eight healthy subjects and in eight IBS patients was studied, using two pressure transducers positioned just above the lower oesophageal sphincter and 5 cm proximally. Stressors were: a video arcade game, delayed audio feedback, and hand immersion in cold water. Each stress period was followed by five swallows of water. Frequency and amplitude of oesophageal contractions and the number of simultaneous and multipeaked contractions were manually counted for each stress period and compared to the preceding rest period. Frequency of contractions (per minute) tended to decrease during stress periods, but achieved significance only with the video arcade game in the control group (2.0 (0.6) v 1.2 (0.4); p less than 0.01). No other trend was evident in either control or IBS patients. No abnormalities of oesophageal body function were recorded in IBS patients either in basal conditions, or under stress. Unlike the more complex motor programmes elsewhere in the gut, the preprogrammed nature of oesophageal peristalsis is not modulated by stress. PMID- 3209117 TI - Mortality caused by stomach cancer after remote partial gastrectomy for benign conditions: 40 years of follow up of an Amsterdam cohort of 2633 postgastrectomy patients. AB - Mortality caused by stomach cancer was analysed in a cohort of 2633 postgastrectomy patients who underwent surgery for benign conditions in the academic medical centre of the University of Amsterdam between 1931-1960. In comparison with mortality from gastric cancer in the general Dutch population, the observed versus expected ratio in the postgastrectomy group was significantly increased among women, after a postoperative latency of more than 15 years (O/E: 4.77; p = 0.011) and among men after a postoperative latency of more than 25 years (O/E: 3.13; p = 0.005). The analysis confirms that the discrepancies in risk appraisal which seem to exist between reports published in Europe and the USA may be explained by the differences in length of follow up in these studies. PMID- 3209120 TI - [Organ and function-preserving oncologic therapy. Introduction to the topic]. PMID- 3209119 TI - A genetic predisposition for colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 3209121 TI - [Reconstructive measures in radical vulva operations]. PMID- 3209122 TI - [Quality of life in gynecologic oncology]. PMID- 3209123 TI - Density distribution of red cells and prognostic significance in 50 patients with homozygous sickle-cell disease. AB - The sickle cell disease is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical and biological expression. In order to evaluate the prognostic significance of the red blood cell density distribution: D50 (median cell density of the distribution), R60 (middle density range in which 60% of the cells can be found), F4 and F5 (proportion of cells with density higher than 1.110 and 1.120 g/ml, respectively) have been determined in 50 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease. The alpha gene status was determined in 27 patients. All patients have been included in an original score of severity fitted to infancy and childhood. A positive correlation has been found between D50 and the clinical score. This result illustrates the potential clinical importance of this parameter as well as other biological indices such as the haemoglobin F level, the alpha gene status and the haplotypes of the beta-like gene cluster. PMID- 3209124 TI - Lymphocyte surface ferritin in malignant and inflammatory diseases. AB - We developed a lymphocyte ferritin antibody-binding test (LFABT) to measure lymphocyte surface ferritin (LSF) and used it in cases of malignant and other diseases associated with elevated serum ferritin. LSF was elevated in 33 of 83 patients with a variety of malignant neoplasms in all stages of disease. LSF was also elevated in 2 of 5 patients with infectious mononucleosis, but was normal in all 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, bacterial infections and hemochromatosis. LSF and serum ferritin levels do not correlate. These findings suggest the usefulness of LFABT as a diagnostic tool and demonstrate the biologic significance of LSF. PMID- 3209125 TI - Familial chronic B-cell malignancy. Hairy cell leukaemia in mother and daughter. AB - Two familial cases of hairy cell leukaemia are reported: a daughter, 44-years old, with a very unusual ultrastructural pattern found in hairy cells, the "tubuloreticular inclusions", and her mother, 71-years-old, who was affected six years later. Routine laboratory investigations, cytochemical and cytogenetic studies including HLA typing, as well as in vitro proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to polyclonal mitogens and to exogenous interleukin 2, were performed. The immunological characterization by assessing the cell surface phenotypic markers with monoclonal antibodies and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations were also carried out. In case 2 all tests were performed both on PBMC and on the bone marrow cells. To the best of our knowledge this is one of the first reports of such familial association. The possibility that genetic factors might play a role in the etiology of leukaemia in man is discussed: in our two cases, however, cytogenetic studies did not support this, while HLA typing revealed a non-significant association of HCL with DQw3 allele. Alternatively, an environmental factor has been considered, and a viral infection-perhaps by a retrovirus of the HTLV family has been suggested as tubuloreticular inclusions have been found in both hairy cell leukaemia, as reported, by us, and AIDS-LAS. However, a long time elapsed between the manifestation of HCL in the daughter and in the mother, and as the two patients had not been living together at that time, the possibility of a viral transmission seems minimal. The results of TEM and of immunological investigations are presented and discussed. Both, but particularly the latter, support the B cell nature of the hairy cell. PMID- 3209126 TI - Protective effects of vitamins E and C on erythrocytes in blood preserved in ACD solution and stored at 4 degrees C. AB - Vitamins E and C were used for the enrichment of the fluid for blood preservation. Whole blood with added ACD solution and vitamins E and C was stored at 4 degrees C for 21 days. The performed determinations included: haematocrit, osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes, ATP and 2,3-DPG content in the erythrocytes, and echinocyte count. A protective effect of these vitamins on erythrocytes was manifested by the decreased osmotic fragility, the steep fall of 2,3-DPG compared with the blood preserved in the vitamin-free ACD solution. PMID- 3209127 TI - Serum and leukocyte lactate dehydrogenase activity in leukaemias. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase (LHD) content of serum and leukocytes was examined in 42 haematologically normal healthy volunteers and in 34 patients suffering from various types of leukaemia. All patients were studied at the time of presentation and before any therapeutic intervention. Serum LDH was elevated in all types of leukaemia. In acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) a significant elevation of leukocyte LDH activity (p less than 0.005) was noted. In acute lymphoblastic leukaemia leukocyte (ALL), LDH was significantly elevated when compared to normal lymphocyte LDH (p less than 0.01) levels, but not when compared to total normal leukocyte LDH levels. In chronic leukaemias, leukocyte LDH levels were not significantly different from the normal. Comparison of LDH isoenzyme pattern in peripheral blood cells with that of serum, both in normal and in leukaemia cases showed more "M" type enzyme in the cells than in the serum. However, the "M" type enzyme was significantly elevated only in AML cases (p less than 0.005). Serum LDH and peripheral blood leukocyte count compared in normal subjects and in leukaemia cases showed no correlation. PMID- 3209128 TI - Effects of human diets on biotransformation enzyme activity and metabolic activation of carcinogens in rat liver. AB - We studied the effects of a complete human diet, based on mean consumption figures in The Netherlands, the heating of food, and the presence of vegetables and fruit in the diet on the drug metabolizing capacity of the rat liver and on metabolic activation of known carcinogens. Groups of five male and five female Wistar rats were given ad lib. one of six different diets for 3 months. Each diet contained 40 energy (E)% fat, 13 E% protein, 47 E% carbohydrate and 5% fibre (w/w). The diets were as follows: a control diet of semi-synthetic materials (A); a human diet of meat, bread and eggs without processing (B); diet B heated under usual household conditions (C); a diet representing a complete human meal including (summer) vegetables and fruit (D); diets consisting of winter vegetables (E) or summer vegetables (F) with fruit. Semi-synthetic components were added to diets B-F to achieve the desired composition. There were differences between male and female rats on the effects of the different diets on hepatic enzyme activity. In female rats, but not in males, ethoxyresorufin-O deethylase activity was increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in groups C, D and E in comparison with the controls (group A). In male rats ethoxycoumarin-O deethylase activity was enhanced in groups D, E and F, and glutathione-S transferase was markedly induced in group F (P less than 0.01). In males, hepatic cytochrome P-450 was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in groups B, C and E. There was no effect on aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity and almost no effect on UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity in either sex. Microsomes from rats fed heated food (C) markedly increased the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in the Ames assay using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98, in comparison with levels using microsomes from rats fed the raw food (B). Vegetables and fruit decreased B[a]P mutagenicity. All human diets except D decreased the mutagenicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine in tester strain TA100. The results indicate that the influence of components of human diets on rat-liver drug metabolism may have quite different effects on the biotransformation of carcinogens activated by different metabolic pathways. PMID- 3209129 TI - Carcinogenicity and toxicity study of m-phenylenediamine administered in the drinking-water to (C57BL/6 x C3H/He)F1 mice. AB - m-Phenylenediamine (m-PDA, CAS: 108-45-2), a component of hair-dye formulations, was administered in the drinking-water to groups of female and male (C57BL/6 x C3H/He)F1 (B6C3F1) mice at concentrations of 0.02 or 0.04% for 78 wk. All the surviving mice were killed after a further 5-7 wk on untreated drinking-water, 83 85 wk after the start of treatment. Survival of the treated mice was similar to that of the corresponding controls. Body weights were significantly lower in high dose females and males and somewhat lower in low-dose females than in the controls. The incidences of hepatocellular tumours were low to moderate in all male groups and in the control females, but the treated groups had significantly lower incidences than the controls. A few tumours of the lungs, haematopoietic organs and other organs and tissues were observed in all female and male groups. However, there were no statistically significant increases in the incidences of tumours in these organs and tissues in m-PDA-treated mice of either sex. Under the conditions of this study m-PDA showed no carcinogenic potential in either female or male B6C3F1 mice when administered in drinking-water. No non-neoplastic changes attributable to the compound were found in the treated mice, except for the deposition of brown pigment in follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid gland and in macrophages in some organs and tissues, and pigment impregnation of the bronchioli. PMID- 3209130 TI - Comparison of the responses of male rats to dietary sodium saccharin exposure initiated during nursing with responses to exposure initiated at weaning. AB - In an attempt to define the role of exposure to sodium saccharin (NaS) during early life on the subsequent development of bladder tumours, we compared the responses of male rat pups to exposure to 5% dietary NaS initiated at parturition with those to exposure initiated at weaning. We also compared the effects of exposure from parturition to NaS given in a low-carbohydrate (L-CHO) diet with those of NaS in rat chow. NaS ingestion by the dam was associated with low saccharin concentrations in the pups' urine and had no effect on the caecal or bladder mass in the suckling pups. In the 10 wk after weaning, the rats ingesting NaS in chow showed decreased weight gain and increases in feed consumption, mass of caecal contents and tissue, urine output, bladder mass, relative water consumption (g water consumed/g feed consumed) and bladder hyperplasia. Except for bladder hyperplasia these effects were generally greater in the rats exposed to NaS from parturition than in those exposed only from weaning. The animals exposed to NaS in the L-CHO diet had the highest level of urinary saccharin but showed no bladder hyperplasia. The significance of these findings to the role of pre-weaning saccharin exposure in bladder tumorigenesis is discussed, and it is concluded that the effects on urinary parameters and the bladders of rats exposed to NaS during suckling and weaning may be secondary to the effects of NaS on the gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 3209131 TI - Induction of rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 I proteins by the antimutagen anthraflavic acid. AB - Administration of the antimutagen anthraflavic acid to rats gave rise to significant increases in the hepatic microsomal O-deethylations of ethoxyresorufin and ethoxycoumarin, but not in the O-dealkylation of pentoxyresorufin nor in cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity. Immunoblot studies of solubilized microsomes from anthraflavic acid-treated rats revealed that anthraflavic acid induced the apoproteins P-450 I A1 and A2 but not P-450 B1 and B2. Pretreatment with anthraflavic acid resulted in a marked increase in the in vitro bioactivation of 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole and 2 amino-3,2-amino-3-methylimidazomethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoline (IQ) to mutagenic intermediate(s); IQ is a carcinogen against which anthraflavic acid has displayed strong antimutagenic effect in the Ames test when incorporated into the metabolic activation system. The increase in mutagenicity of IQ was the result of enhancement of both the microsomal and cytosolic activation steps. It is concluded that anthraflavic acid is a specific inducer of P-450 I proteins in the rat and this compound is not only unlikely to exhibit any anticarcinogenic effect in vivo but may act as a co-carcinogen. PMID- 3209132 TI - Inhibition of the serosal sugar carrier in isolated intestinal epithelial cells by saccharin. AB - Isolated intestinal cells accumulate certain monosaccharides via an Na+ dependent, active transport system localized in the brush-border membrane, and release sugar molecules at the basolateral boundary via a facilitated diffusion, passive system. Work described here indicates that sodium saccharin (25-130 mM) has little if any direct effect on the active transport system, but that the passive transport system is inhibited by saccharin. A short period of exposure (10-60 min) is required for expression of the effect, which is detectable at saccharin concentrations as low as 10 mM. At 100 mM-sodium saccharin, as much as 50% inhibition occurs. Saccharin also appears to act as a weak metabolic inhibitor. The basis of the 'non-specific' effect is not understood, but it can compromise the capacity of the epithelial cells to form sugar gradients. When a sugar is accumulated that satisfies both transport systems (for example 3-O methylglucose) the effect of saccharin on the passive transport system is the predominant one, and the cells establish a higher sugar gradient than that observed in the absence of saccharin. The 'non-specific' metabolic effect is manifested as an inhibition of sugar gradient formation when sugars that satisfy only the active system (such as alpha-methylglucoside) are accumulated. PMID- 3209133 TI - Safety evaluation studies of SGF gum--a potential food additive from the seed of Sesbania cannabina. AB - SGF gum, derived from the plant Sesbania cannabina, has properties very similar to those of guar gum. Because it is much cheaper than guar, SGF gum is of interest as a possible new food additive. It has therefore been tested in rats for acute, short-term and subchronic toxicity, teratogenicity and effects on reproductive performance, and a 1% concentration in the diet has been identified as the no-effect level. The tests complied with the guidelines issued by the Chinese authorities. Mutagenicity studies, Ames tests and a micronucleus test gave negative results, and a dominant lethal test in mice was negative at the 1% dietary level, although at 5 and 10% the results were equivocal. No adverse changes were elicited in 23 human volunteers who consumed a total of 960 mg SGF gum during a 30-day period during which they consumed, daily, 80 g ice-cream containing 0.04% SGF gum instead of the usual thickener. On the basis of applying a 100-fold safety factor to the findings in the animal studies, an acceptable human daily intake of 6 mg/kg is suggested. PMID- 3209134 TI - Formation of mutagenic N-nitroso compounds in vegetable extracts upon nitrite treatment: a comparison with the glucosinolate content. AB - More than 30 vegetables were screened for their potential to form biologically active N-nitroso compounds upon treatment with nitrite under acidic conditions. The total N-nitroso content was determined in the nitrite-treated and untreated extracts of the vegetables according to a modified method of Walters et al. (Analyst, Lond. 1978, 103, 1127). All treated extracts contained N-nitroso compounds at levels ranging from 23 to 789 nmol/25 mg dry matter. In the same samples the mutagenic activity was determined using the Salmonella typhimurium assay. About half of the vegetables were found to be mutagenic upon nitrite treatment. (Nitrite-treated extracts were considered to be mutagenic if the number of induced revertants was at least twice as high as that induced by the corresponding untreated extract). The content of different glucosinolates in the dry matter of the vegetables was also determined. Glucosinolates could be detected only in cruciferous vegetables, at levels ranging from 1.8 to 26.0 mumol/g dry matter. Although the nitrite-treated extracts of brassica species contained more N-nitroso compounds and induced more revertants than did other vegetables, there was no significant correlation between these parameters. However, the amounts of N-nitroso compounds formed upon nitrite treatment (expressed per fresh weight) did correlate significantly (P less than 0.01) with the amounts of glucosinolates (r = 0.95). When the glucosinolates were divided into aryl/alkyl- and indolyl-glucosinolates, the significant correlation was maintained for both subgroups (r = 0.93 and 0.95, respectively). From this it can be concluded that glucosinolates are probably involved in the formation of N nitroso compounds in certain nitrite-treated vegetables. PMID- 3209135 TI - Non-mutagenicity of capsaicin in albino mice. AB - Capsaicin, the active principle of red pepper, administered intraperitoneally to adult male mice at doses of 0.4, 0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg body weight/day (1/20, 1/10 or 1/5 of the LD50) on five consecutive days, did not induce any clinical signs of toxicity. No significant alterations were observed in epididymal weights, caudal sperm counts, testicular weights or testicular histology. In the sperm morphology assay, sperms at 1, 3, 5 and 7 wk did not reveal any treatment-related increase in the incidence of sperm-head abnormalities. Capsaicin also failed to induce dominant-lethal mutations during an 8-wk sequential mating schedule of males treated at the highest dose. PMID- 3209136 TI - Tea, aluminium and Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3209137 TI - Effects of plasma ochratoxin A and luminal pH on the jejunal absorption of ochratoxin A in rats. AB - The effects of iv injection of ochratoxin A (OA) on its absorption from the jejunum in rats were studied in vivo to demonstrate the jejunal absorption of OA in relation to the OA level in blood plasma. In addition the effects of the pH of the medium on OA uptake by the everted jejunum of the rat were studied in vitro to assess the contribution made by transfer of the non-ionized form of OA to the jejunal absorption of the toxin. The in vivo study showed that OA was absorbed from the jejunum even when its level was higher in the plasma than in the jejunal lumen. Jejunal uptake of OA in vitro was increased with a decrease in medium pH, the increase in uptake coinciding with an increase in the proportion of OA present in the non-ionized form. These results suggest that OA absorption is attributable mainly to transfer of the non-ionized form, and that a concentration gradient of the non-ionized form from the jejunal lumen to the blood and lymph may be achieved even when the total OA level is higher in the blood plasma than in the lumen. PMID- 3209138 TI - Several aspects of mineral/protein nutrition in relation to consumption of an oil involved in the toxic syndrome. AB - An oil involved in the 'toxic syndrome' and two similar mixtures of oils, one with and the other without added oleoanilides, were studied for their effects on the utilization of protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and zinc. Forty-eight female Wistar rats initially weighing about 75 g were fed for 28 days on the same semi-synthetic diet containing: virgin olive oil, or a mixture of canbra oil (50%), refined olive-pomace oil (20%), grapeseed oil (20%) and animal fat (10%), or the same dietary mixture supplemented with either 700 ppm oleoanilides or the alleged toxic oil. Weight, food intake and nutritional balances were monitored. The food intake of the animals fed the toxic oil began to decrease at the end of the trial, producing a reduction in the amount of nutrients ingested, but no weight loss. This oil also negatively affected the digestion of protein, potassium, sodium and zinc, the mechanism of which, in the case of the first two, appears to be related to the source of the fat. It also decreased metabolic utilization while favouring protein catabolism and the elimination of phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. No substantial modifications were noted in the animals' bones. PMID- 3209139 TI - Studies on the testicular effects of vitamin A palmitate in the Sprague-Dawley rat. AB - The purpose of the research was to investigate the mechanism of reported vitamin A-induced testicular degeneration. Three studies of vitamin A toxicity were conducted in male Sprague-Dawley rats; a 10-day study with daily ip injections of retinol palmitate at doses of 0, 115,000 and 230,000 IU/kg/day in adult rats; a 10-day study with juvenile rats treated with 115,000 IU/kg/day, pair-fed controls and ad lib.-fed controls; a 13-wk dietary study in which retinol palmitate beadlets were mixed in the food of juvenile rats at doses of 0, 60,000, 120,000 and 200,000 IU/kg/day; a second untreated group was pair-fed to the high-dose group. Even at doses that produced overt signs of hypervitaminosis A and mortality, minimal or no changes were observed in the testes. In the 10-day ip studies, only a 20% incidence of treated juvenile rats (115,000 IU/kg) and adult rats (230,000 IU/kg) showed sloughing germ cells in some of the tubule lumens of the testes, but the structure and integrity of the seminiferous epithelium was completely intact. No change in testicular morphology or spermatid counts was observed in the 13-wk dietary study. In all studies, testicular weights of treated rats were not significantly reduced when corrected for body weight or compared with pair-fed controls. In the 10-day ip studies, serum testosterone levels of treated rats did not differ from the respective pair-fed control rats, but in the 13-wk study, a dose-related reduction in testosterone occurred that was considered to be a direct effect of chronic vitamin A treatment. Seminal vesicle weights were decreased, as would be expected with decreased testosterone levels. Adrenal weights were increased in all studies. These findings suggest that the testes of rat are resistant to orally administered vitamin A palmitate and only slightly affected by ip administration. PMID- 3209140 TI - Toxicological effects of dietary Maillard reaction products in the rat. AB - The effects of dietary glutamate/glucose Maillard reaction products (MRP) on the rat were studied. Rats fed 5 and 10% MRP developed severe diarrhoea that persisted throughout the 5-wk feeding study. An increase in water consumption by these animals was attributed to excessive faecal water losses due to diarrhoea. Body weights were significantly depressed in animals fed 10% MRP compared with rats fed a control isocaloric diet or a diet containing 10% of an unreacted mixture of glutamate/glucose. MRP ingestion also resulted in a dose-related caecal enlargement, which was accompanied by a decrease in the osmolality of caecal contents, compared with control values. Relative kidney and liver weights were significantly increased in rats fed 10% MRP. Despite a high background incidence of cortico-medullary nephrocalcinosis in all groups in the study reported here, the condition was significantly more pronounced in rats fed MRP, as assessed by mineral analysis and histological examination. In addition, bladder urothelial thickness was significantly greater in rats fed either level of MRP compared with values for control animals. Finally, caecal goblet cell density was significantly reduced in rats fed MRP compared with counts for control animals. PMID- 3209141 TI - The in vivo genotoxic properties of the nitrosopeptide N-(N-acetyl-L-prolyl)-N nitrosoglycine. AB - The N-nitrosopeptide N-(N-acetyl-L-prolyl)-N-nitrosoglycine (APNG) was investigated for in vivo genotoxicity using the dominant lethal assay and the micronucleus test in mice, and the bone marrow test in rats. APNG was shown to cause definite genetic effects in the mouse but a much lesser effect in the rat, indicating that APNG is a genotoxic agent in vivo. PMID- 3209142 TI - N,N-diethylphenylacetamide, an insect repellent: absence of mutagenic response in the in vitro Ames test and in vivo mouse micronucleus test. AB - N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA), a promising new insect repellent, was tested for mutagenicity in the in vitro Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test and the in vivo mouse micronucleus test. For the Ames test, DEPA was assayed both in the presence and absence of Aroclor 1254-induced rat-liver S-9 mix (5 and 20% S-9 fraction), using five tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium--TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA104. For the micronucleus test, mice were exposed to DEPA through ip injection for 2 and 5 days in separate experiments, and bone marrow and peripheral blood were sampled 6 and 48 hr after the final injection, respectively. DEPA did not induce a mutagenic response in the Ames test, and mouse bone marrow and peripheral blood micronucleus tests. DEPA was not considered cytotoxic, as a depression of the percentage PCE was not observed at any dose in the range of 1 to 100 mg/kg body weight with either treatment protocol of the micronucleus test. PMID- 3209143 TI - The metabolism and deamination of [14C]sulphamethazine in a germ-free pig: the influence of nitrate and nitrite. AB - Twenty-four hours after feeding nitrite in combination with [14C]sulphamethazine to a germ-free and a conventional control pig the level of [14C]desaminosulphamethazine in tissues from both pigs was high, accounting for 11 to 30% of the total tissue 14C. When another germ-free pig was fed [14C]sulphamethazine in combination with nitrate, a trace amount of [14C]desaminosulphamethazine was found by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy in the skeletal muscle but not in other tissues. When a control pig was fed [14C]sulphamethazine and nitrate, [14C]desaminosulphamethazine was found in all tissues examined. The results from this study show that feeding pigs nitrite together with sulphamethazine increases the amount of desaminosulphamethazine in the tissues. Most of the desaminosulphamethazine found in the tissues of the control pig fed nitrate was presumably the secondary effect of bacterial reduction of nitrate to nitrite. PMID- 3209144 TI - Subchronic percutaneous toxicity testing of two liquid hand dishwashing detergents. AB - Subchronic percutaneous toxicity studies were conducted on two liquid dishwashing detergents containing anionic surfactants (C12-14 alkylethoxylate sulphate) to assess the safety of these materials for human exposure. The detergents were administered dermally to the shaved backs of rabbits (dose volume of 2 ml/kg body weight) at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5% in distilled water for 91 days. No adverse systemic effects were demonstrated by assessment of haematological parameters or by gross or microscopic tissue examination. Transient slight to moderate dermal irritation at the detergent application site was observed with detergent A. Slight to moderate dermal irritation confined to the detergent application site was noted in the detergent B study. PMID- 3209145 TI - Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate--missing links. PMID- 3209146 TI - A model medico-legal system. PMID- 3209147 TI - Physical and psychological sequelae to torture. A controlled clinical study of exiled asylum applicants. AB - The study comprised 24 male Lebanese refugees living in Denmark. Twelve of them alleged having been tortured in Lebanon during the period 1981-85. The remaining twelve had neither been imprisoned nor tortured and thus acted as control persons. All the testimonies were found to be valid according to a method previously used by the author. The most common forms of torture were blows against the head, body and foot soles, suspension and asphyxiation. Threats and solitary confinement were frequent, and sexual violations were also reported. At the time of examination (March-November 1986), the main complaints were headaches, various cardiopulmonary symptoms, sleep disturbances with nightmares, impaired concentration and memory, and emotional lability. Suicide attempts were reported. Prior to the torture all the probands had been healthy except for several cases of gunshot wounds. The clinical examination revealed different scars possibly related to torture in nearly all the cases. Missing or fractured teeth, peripheral nerve damage and mental depression were also found. The 12 controls had several mental and physical complaints, but significantly fewer than the probands. Almost all of them had scars from gunshot wounds. The present study clearly indicates that torture plus exilation has a more deteriorating effect on the health status than exilation alone. PMID- 3209149 TI - Estimation of the post mortem period by multiple-site temperature measurements and the use of a new algorithm. AB - The estimation of the post mortem period, in cases where death occurred under suspicious circumstances, is usually attempted using temperature measurements taken at a single body site. Early investigations of the validity of such an approach use the abdominal skin surface, the axilla and the rectum as measurement sites (B.H. Knight, Forensic Sci. Int., 36 (1987) 47-55). However, it has recently become more common to use the rectum alone, though the ear and the nasal passages have also been utilized. Whatever site is employed, the estimates are frequently found to be inaccurate. There are several fundamental reasons for these inaccuracies, the most prominent being the unknown variation in the ambient temperature between the time of death and the commencement of measurements, and the unknown body temperature at the time of death. This paper proposes a method of overcoming the above difficulties by taking a series of measurements concurrently at a number of body sites, a technique used by several previous workers (B.H. Knight, Forensic Sci. Int., 36 (1987) 47-55). Initial investigations have shown that an improved estimation of post mortem period is obtainable by the application of a suitable decision-making algorithm. PMID- 3209150 TI - [Sequelae of experimental Nd:YAG laser iridotomies on the human corneal endothelium]. PMID- 3209148 TI - Glucose phosphate isomerase variants in human bloodstains and seminal stains. AB - Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) variants occurring in human red cells were also demonstrated in human semen. Phenotyping was possible from bloodstains of 6 weeks storage and seminal stains of 12 weeks storage. The GPI system may be a supplemental tool for medicolegal individualization of seminal stains. PMID- 3209151 TI - [Long-term results following vitreoretinal silicone oil surgery]. PMID- 3209152 TI - [Significance of fibronectins in proliferative retinal diseases]. PMID- 3209154 TI - [Posterior chamber lens implantation in glaucoma--course of postoperative intraocular pressure and long-term follow-up]. PMID- 3209153 TI - [Vitrectomy in epiretinal gliosis]. PMID- 3209155 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy findings in brand new silicon posterior chamber lenses and those folded for implantation]. PMID- 3209156 TI - [Near heterophoria according to the angle mirror principle]. PMID- 3209157 TI - [Esophoria of the divergent insufficiency type--a case report]. PMID- 3209158 TI - [Mechanism of "inversion" of optokinetic nystagmus and pursuit movement in congenital nystagmus]. PMID- 3209159 TI - [Changes in amplitude and latency in pattern electroretinography in diseases of the retina and optic nerve]. PMID- 3209160 TI - Clinical analysis of non-recordable pattern VECPs in 107 patients. PMID- 3209161 TI - Pattern reversal electroretinograms: TV or projector system? PMID- 3209162 TI - [Pattern electroretinography with luminance stimuli in normal persons and patients with optic atrophy]. PMID- 3209163 TI - [Functional and morphologic variations in fundus flavimaculatus]. PMID- 3209164 TI - [Orbital involvement in neuroblastoma]. PMID- 3209165 TI - [Polytetrafluoroethylene in enucleation surgery]. PMID- 3209166 TI - [Quantitative results following consecutive corticoid and radiotherapy in endocrine ophthalmopathy]. PMID- 3209167 TI - [Diagnosis of orbital space-occupying lesions--a comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography]. PMID- 3209168 TI - [Occupational medicine can be professionally managed. Interview by T.U. Keil]. PMID- 3209169 TI - [Bioequivalence of generic drugs: sense and nonsense]. PMID- 3209170 TI - [Campylobacter '88]. PMID- 3209171 TI - [Granular cell tumor of the esophagus. 2 case reports of an endoscopic incidental diagnosis with endoscopic therapy]. PMID- 3209172 TI - [AIDS. Less risk for the circumcised]. PMID- 3209173 TI - [Anti-arrhythmia therapy--ECG cosmetics or therapeutic requirement?]. PMID- 3209174 TI - Surgery for mitral prolapse. AB - Mitral valve prolapse is an increasingly common etiology among patients presenting for mitral valve surgery. From 1985 through 1987, a total of 457 patients underwent surgery for pure mitral regurgitation. Of these, 304 (67%) had underlying mitral prolapse, 57 (12%) had rheumatic valvulitis, 36 (8%) had underlying ischemic disease, and 22 (5%) had bacterial endocarditis. The anatomic disturbance in the patients with prolapse was chordal rupture in 189 (62%), chordal elongation in 69 (23%), and isolated annular dilatation in 46 (15%). Valvuloplasty techniques were used in 294 patients (64%) overall. Among those with mitral prolapse, 208 patients (68%) underwent reconstructive procedures. Operative mortality for the entire group was 7% and for the valvuloplasty group it was 4%. We conclude that 1. in our patient population mitral prolapse is the most frequent etiology among patients requiring surgery for mitral regurgitation; 2. valvuloplasty techniques are applicable in the majority of these patients; 3. valvuloplasty can be performed with low operative mortality. Over the long term, available results indicate good clinical status and low rates of reoperation and thromboembolic events for patients who have undergone mitral valvuloplasty. PMID- 3209175 TI - A glycoprotein of oviductal origin alters biochemical properties of the zona pellucida of hamster egg. AB - Eggs were isolated from ovaries and oviducts of the golden hamster and the components of zonae pellucidae were examined using density gradient SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Zonae of ovarian eggs (ZP-OVA) had three major components corresponding to the so-called ZP-1, ZP-2, and ZP-3. Zonae of recently ovulated eggs collected from oviducts (ZP-OVI) had a 200-240 K component (ZP-O) in addition to the three components present in ZP-OVA. When ovarian and oviductal eggs were stained with FITC-conjugated B. simplicifolia-1 lectin (BS-1), which specifically binds to alpha-D-galactose- or alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-like terminal saccharide residues, ZP-OVI was intensely stained, while ZP-OVA was not. ZP-OVA gained the ability to bind to BS-1 after a brief treatment with oviduct extracts. These results suggest that biochemical properties of hamster zonae change after transport of eggs from ovary to the oviduct. The addition of the 200 240 K component of oviductal origin to preexisting zona components seems to be responsible for this change. PMID- 3209176 TI - Synthetic organic pH buffers can support fertilization of guinea pig eggs, but not as efficiently as bicarbonate buffer. AB - Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the medium are not absolutely essential for the fertilization of guinea pig eggs. However, fertilization takes place most efficiently in HCO3- -buffered medium. Capacitation, the acrosome reaction, and zona penetration by spermatozoa can occur in HCO3- -free media with synthetic organic buffers (i.e., MOPS, TES, HEPES, Tris, and TAPSO) but not as efficiently as in the HCO3- -buffered medium. It appears that HCO3- functions as more than just a pH-buffering molecule. PMID- 3209177 TI - Morphological observations on sperm-egg interactions during in vivo fertilization in the dasyurid marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata. AB - The aim of the present study was to determine the morphological changes that take place in the male and female gametes during in vivo fertilization in the Australian marsupial, the fat-tailed dunnart, Sminthopsis crassicaudata. Plastic sections were cut of sperm and eggs recovered from the oviducts of recently mated individuals, and light microscopy of thick, and transmission EM of thin, sections was carried out. It was found that, before penetration of the zona, the spermatozoon came to lie along the outer surface with its rostral tip forming a depression in the zona substance. During penetration, zona material was packed tightly around the spermatozoon, and no large hole was formed. A spermatozoon within the perivitelline space had made contact with the oolemma by way of its apical tip. In a spermatozoon partly incorporated into the ooplasm, fusion appeared to have taken place between its plasma membrane and that of the oolemma. Mucoid coat material became deposited outside the zona at this time; its existence and/or the release of cortical granule content probably prevented polyspermy. Once inside the egg cytoplasm, the sperm head sometimes travelled a considerable distance before chromatin decondensation occurred. In addition, it appeared to rotate somewhat on its axis at this time. Finally, some membranous structures were found around two condensed sperm heads in the ooplasm, which may have been part of the pronuclear envelope. Thus this study on in vivo fertilization in the dunnart documents, for the first time, some aspects of fertilization in an Australian marsupial as seen with the transmission electron microscope; it indicates a few differences from those previously found for the American opossum. PMID- 3209178 TI - Separation of human X and Y spermatozoa by free-flow electrophoresis. AB - Free-flow electrophoresis is a fast and promising method for gamete separation. Pretreated seminal plasma-free human spermatozoa were injected continuously as a fine stream into the buffer medium of the separation chamber flowing perpendicular to the forces of an electrical field, which separated the spermatozoa according to their differences in electrophoretic mobility. For characterization of the two classes of spermatozoa before and after separation, quinacrine mustard staining was used to identify the Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa carrying the fluorescent body (F-body). Human spermatozoa moved toward the anode and were separated into two main peaks. The faster moving fraction contained nearly 80% Y-bearing spermatozoa and the slower peak consisted mainly of pure X-bearing spermatozoa. Whereas sperm viability as determined by eosin staining was nearly unchanged, sperm motility was reduced after free-flow electrophoresis. PMID- 3209179 TI - Sulfhydryl groups are involved in the activation of sea urchin eggs. AB - Unfertilized sea urchin eggs exposed to the sulfhydryl reagents Ag+ or N ethylmaleimide either elevated fertilizationlike membranes, formed surface protrusions, developed a clear cortical layer devoid of organelles, or cytolysed. The relative fraction of each modification varied from batch to batch and was also dose and time dependent. With Ag+ and higher doses of N-EMI (10(-3) M), the most common effect was the elevation of a membrane indicating cortical exocytosis, while at lower doses of N-EMI protrusions were predominant. Glutathione (GSH) protected eggs against these reagents also in a dose-dependent manner. Eggs exposed to equimolar amounts of N-EMI and GSH, which otherwise formed membranes, produced protrusions, while increasing GSH tenfold afforded complete protection. We suggest there are two targets for the sulfhydryl reagents -the first, SH groups on proteins that regulate the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular sequestering mechanism which subsequently triggers cortical exocytosis; the second, SH groups on the egg surface that may regulate cortical organization. PMID- 3209180 TI - Differential distribution of the P1 and P2 protamine gene sequences in eutherian and marsupial mammals and a monotreme. AB - At the protein level, the P1 protamine is the predominant form of mammalian protamine, present in all mammalian spermatozoa analyzed to date. An additional variant, the P2 protamine, has been detected only in spermatozoa of the mouse, hamster and human. Southern blot analysis of a group of restriction enzyme digested mammalian DNAs has revealed the presence of sequences homologous to the P1 and P2 mouse protamine genes in diverse species. In agreement with protein studies, nucleotide sequences homologous to the mouse P1 protamine cDNA are widespread, being present in the genomic DNAs of human, rat, dog, ram, horse, bull, hamster, baboon, flying fox (megabat), microbat, boar, North American opossum, and wallaby. Although we detect genomic sequences with strong homology to the mouse protamine 2 cDNA in rat and hamster, we also find weaker but reproducible hybridization to the genomic DNA of human, boar, dog, bull, microbat, wallaby, and platypus. With the exception of the human, the P2 protamine has not been detected in the spermatozoa of these latter species. PMID- 3209181 TI - Ultrastructure of the sperm and spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis of Dina lineata (Hirudinea, Erpobdellidae). AB - The mature sperm of Dina lineata is of the modified type. The sperm are 48 micron long and 0.3 micron wide. The sperm are filiform and helicoidal cells with a distinct head, a midpiece, and a tail. There are two distinct regions in the head: the acrosome and the posterior acrosome, each with its own characteristic morphology. The midpiece is the mitochondrial region and has a single mitochondrion. Two distinct portions can be observed in the tail: the axonematic region and the terminal piece. In the process of spermatogenesis the early spermatogonia divide to form a poliplast of 512 spermatic cells. In the spermiogenesis the following sequential stages can be distinguished: elongation of the flagellum; reciprocal migration of mitochondria and Golgi complex; condensation of chromatin and formation of the posterior acrosome; spiralization of nuclear and mitochondrial regions; and, finally, formation of the anterior acrosome. The extreme morphological complexity of the Dina spermatozoon is related to the peculiar hypodermal fertilization which characterizes the erpobdellid family. Correlation between sperm morphology and fertilization biology in the Annelida is revised. PMID- 3209182 TI - Sperm head structure of a murid rodent from southern Africa: the red veld rat Aethomys chrysophilus. AB - The morphology of spermatozoa from the red veld rat, Aethomys chrysophilus, of Southern Africa is described; two very different types were found, which came from animals from two separate, as-yet-undescribed, species. In individuals from South Africa the sperm head had a somewhat disc-shaped nucleus and a large acrosome with a huge apical segment that, during epididymal transit, changed in form from initially projecting anteriorly to a highly complex structure that was flexed caudad and lay alongside part of the rest of the sperm head. In addition, the chromatin generally appeared to be not fully condensed. Spermatozoa from animals collected in Malawi were very different in morphology and had a head with a typical apical hook, a perforatorium, fully condensed chromatin, and a 4-micron long ventral spur. Its sperm tail was also significantly longer. The time of divergence of these two groups of animals from a common ancestor is not known, but the present results show that a considerable morphological change in the sperm nucleus, acrosome, and subacrosomal space can evolve even between two, presumably closely related, species. PMID- 3209183 TI - Ultrastructure of spermatogenesis in the sea star, Asterina minor. AB - The ultrastructural features of spermatogenesis were investigated in the hermaphroditic sea star Asterina minor. The primordial germ cells in the genital rachis contain small clusters of electron-dense material (nuage material) and a stack of annulate lamellae. They also have a flagellum and basal body complex situated close to the Golgi complex. After the development of the genital rachis into the ovotestis, spermatogenic cells increase in number and differentiation begins. Nuage material is observed in spermatogonia, but it gradually disappears in spermatocytes. The annulate lamellae do not exist beyond the early spermatogonial stage. By contrast, a flagellum and basal body complex are found throughout spermatogenesis. The Golgi-derived proacrosomal vesicles appear in the spermatocyte and coalesce to form an acrosomal vesicle in the early spermatid. The process of acrosome formation is as follows: (1) a lamella of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) continuous with the outer nuclear membrane encloses the posterior portion of the acrosomal vesicle; (2) the vesicle attaches to the cell membrane with its anterior portion; (3) periacrosomal material accumulates in the space between the acrosomal vesicle and the ER; (4) the nucleus proper changes its features to surround the acrosome; (5) amorphous, electron-dense material is deposited under the electron-dense disk; and (6) the nucleus forms a hollow opposite the electron-dense material. PMID- 3209184 TI - Primary pulmonary lymphoma: a re-appraisal of its histogenesis and its relationship to pseudolymphoma and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. AB - The clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of 15 cases of pulmonary lymphoproliferative disease are described. The diagnosis of primary pulmonary lymphoma was based in 13 cases on the demonstration of light chain restriction and in two cases on morphological characteristics. Many patients had a prolonged clinical course without significant clinical or radiographic deterioration, a feature associated with malignant lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in other sites. Lymphoepithelial lesions were characteristic and malignant cells had the features of centrocyte-like cells, similar to those described in gastric and salivary gland lymphomas. Germinal centres were present in three cases: some were partially overgrown by centrocyte-like cells but residual polyclonal follicle centre cells and dendritic reticulum cells were still detectable. It is suggested that primary pulmonary lymphoma arises from centrocyte-like cells normally present in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue. In addition to the malignant population, reactive follicles and polytypic plasma cells are frequently present and may prejudice interpretation of immunohistochemical features. In the light of these findings, cases previously diagnosed as pseudolymphoma or lymphoid interstitial pneumonia require careful assessment and the majority are, in reality, examples of primary pulmonary lymphomas. PMID- 3209185 TI - Alveolar soft part sarcoma: immunological evidence of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. AB - Two cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma have been studied immunocytochemically using antisera against epithelial membrane antigen, lysozyme, keratins, S-100 protein, desmin, vimentin, fetal myosin, slow myosin, alpha-skeletal muscle actin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and myoglobin. The neoplastic cells were negative with all antisera employed with the exception of the alpha-skeletal muscle actin antiserum which stained the cytoplasm of numerous neoplastic elements, including the crystalloid rods, typical cytoplasmic inclusions of these tumours. It is suggested that the presence of this protein indicates rhabdomyoblastic differentiation of these tumours. PMID- 3209187 TI - Rectal lymphoid tissue. PMID- 3209186 TI - Dermal adnexal differentiation in a squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - The first case of a keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with differentiation toward dermal adnexal structures is reported. A review of skin-associated structures in the non-neoplastic uterine cervix is given and the histogenesis discussed. Recent literature dealing with extracutaneous neoplasms with sebaceous differentiation is cited. PMID- 3209188 TI - Adjusting eyepieces. PMID- 3209189 TI - Immunohistochemistry in Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 3209190 TI - Duodenitis and secretion of O-acetylated sialomucin variants. PMID- 3209191 TI - Mucosubstances in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - We have studied mucosubstances in 12 cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid using histochemical techniques and a number of different lectins. Immunohistochemical staining for calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen was also performed. We have found that the presence of mucosubstances is a constant finding in medullary carcinomas; they were present extracellularly in 100% of cases and intracellularly in 53.3%. In both these compartments there was a predominance of neutral over acid mucosubstances. Receptors for UEA-I, Con A, RCA I, Succ-WGA and SBA were found in many cells in the majority of cases, but there were differences in the affinity from one case to another. Because of this lack of specificity lectin histochemistry is not of diagnostic value in medullary carcinomas of the thyroid. The possible relationships of the lectin-binding results to glycosylated hormone precursors and carcinoembryonic antigen are discussed. PMID- 3209192 TI - Expression of IgA and secretory component in the normal and in adenocarcinomas of Fallopian tube, endometrium and endocervix. AB - The occurrence and localization of IgA and secretory components (SC) were examined in the normal and in adenocarcinomas of Fallopian tube, endometrium and endocervix. IgA-containing immunocytes were identified in the stroma of 90% of normal Fallopian tubes. It is suggested that the Fallopian tube may have an immunological function and may, together with the endocervix, constitute the local secretory immune system of the female genital tract. IgA and SC were frequently demonstrated in the cytoplasm and luminal secretion of adenocarcinomas of the endocervix, endometrium and Fallopian tube. This study has shown a decrease in immunoreactivity of SC among poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas but has failed to demonstrate any correlation between the expression of IgA and the degree of differentiation of the tumours. Secretory component appears, therefore, to be more useful than IgA as an indicator of secretory activity and differentiation of adenocarcinomas of the female genital tract. PMID- 3209194 TI - The paradoxes of professional liability. PMID- 3209193 TI - Nucleolar organizer regions in melanocytic dysplasia and melanoma. AB - Using silver (Ag) staining to demonstrate nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (AgNORs), pigmented naevi exhibiting features of melanocytic dysplasia have been examined and compared with benign intradermal and compound naevi and with malignant melanomas. A highly significant difference was found between the numbers of AgNORs demonstrated in benign naevus cells and atypical melanocytes and in malignant melanocytes, suggesting that this technique may have a role in differentiating between difficult melanocytic lesions. PMID- 3209195 TI - Treating self-defeating personality disorder. PMID- 3209196 TI - Substance abuse in the elderly: over-the-counter and illegal drugs. PMID- 3209197 TI - Decentralized services for public hospital patients: a cost analysis. AB - Dr. Sharfstein's introduction: In this era of cost containment and fiscal constraint, it is critical to consider alternative methods of delivering public psychiatric care that emphasize decentralized approaches, shortened lengths of stay, and innovative clinical interventions. This month's report dramatically illustrates the cost savings that can be achieved in a decentralized treatment program, particularly costs associated with the judicial process and involuntary commitment. The need for high-quality services at the local level is greater than ever. PMID- 3209198 TI - Thyroid function testing in clinical psychiatry. PMID- 3209199 TI - National trends in use of psychotherapy in psychiatric inpatient settings. AB - The use of individual, family, and group psychotherapy at a national sample of state and county mental hospitals, private psychiatric hospitals, and psychiatric services in nonfederal general hospitals in 1975 and in 1980 or 1981 was studied. Patients with organic or alcohol-related disorders were generally less likely to receive psychotherapy than were those with schizophrenia. Patients' educational level, gender, or race did not appear to influence the use of psychotherapy, but older patients were less likely to receive psychotherapy, particularly group or family therapy. During the study period, the percentage of patients receiving psychotherapy at nonfederal public general hospitals rose dramatically and by 1981 was almost equal to or even a little higher than the percentages at nonpublic general hospitals and private hospitals, a sign that public general hospitals have made an impressive adjustment to their increased role in caring for the severely mentally ill. PMID- 3209200 TI - A comparison of clinical and judicial procedures for reviewing requests for involuntary medication in New York. AB - The Rivers v. Katz decision substituted judicial review for administrative review of requests for involuntary medication of patients in New York State mental hospitals. This change, prompted by concern for the rights of involuntarily committed patients, did not delay or diminish the use of involuntary medication in a large state hospital. Advantages of judicial review include a better understanding by clinicians of the legal basis for involuntary medication and greater patient participation in the review procedure. Disadvantages include lack of an independent clinical review and increased costs. PMID- 3209201 TI - Assessing competency in the physically ill: guidelines for psychiatric consultants. AB - Psychiatric consultants are increasingly asked to evaluate the competency of medically ill patients, but the absence of accepted guidelines and gaps in the law can make their task difficult. A model procedure for evaluating competency developed by the authors stresses the importance of conducting a complete clinical evaluation of the patient, prescribes interventions to clarify the role of the consultant for referring physicians, outlines medical and legal principles governing competency, and identifies the requirements of the consultant's note. Consulting psychiatrists cannot declare a patient legally incompetent; they can only give an opinion about the patient's apparent competency. They can withhold their opinion, however, until they have treated a psychiatric condition that may be affecting the patient's competency. Case vignettes illustrate the application of the guidelines. PMID- 3209202 TI - Arrest rates of patients treated at a community mental health center. AB - Records of inpatients and outpatients first admitted to a community mental health center (CMHC) in 1975 or 1983 were studied to determine the patients' arrest rates and to note the factors associated with incidence of arrest one to nine years after admission to the CMHC. CMHC patients were at greatest risk for arrest within their first year after admission. During the year after admission, arrest rates for CMHC patients were .76 to 1.96 times those of the general population, but were lower than rates reported in the literature for patients released from state hospitals. Attributes that predicted arrest of CMHC patients were a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, a history of arrests, and younger age. PMID- 3209203 TI - Multifaceted therapeutic interventions with the violent psychiatric inpatient. AB - Treatment interventions are increasingly needed for patients with violent behavior, who make up a growing proportion of the population in public mental hospitals. The literature suggests that these patients repeatedly use violent behavior to obtain their goals because it has worked successfully for them in the past. They also tend to have an image of themselves as persons to be feared and to have limited patterns of imagination and fantasy that inhibit alternative responses. The authors describe a treatment approach that combines cognitive, behavioral, and expressive therapy concepts and incorporates creative therapies such as art and music. The goal of therapy is to alter the self-image of violent patients and help them develop alternative response patterns. PMID- 3209204 TI - A continuum of mental health care for children and adolescents. AB - As an alternative to the confusing patchwork that often characterizes child and adolescent mental health care, the mental health program of a children's social welfare agency offers a continuum of inpatient and outpatient services on one campus. The program operates a 36-bed psychiatric hospital, a 38-bed residential treatment program, a partial hospital for ten children and adolescents, and a large outpatient service, and it can draw on the agency's foster care, emergency shelter, and home-based therapy services. Treatment in all the services is provided by multidisciplinary treatment teams, which have primary responsibility for coordinating a patient's transfer with other elements of the continuum and for initiating a patient's discharge. A case study illustrates some of the practical considerations that influence treatment decisions in the continuum. PMID- 3209205 TI - Training chronic mental patients to independently practice personal grooming skills. AB - Schizophrenic patients typically have poor grooming and self-care skills, which hinder their social relationships and their chances of successful adaptation in the community. A practical and inexpensive program for teaching grooming skills to hospitalized chronic mental patients has been developed in a California state hospital. Patients are also taught to evaluate their grooming behavior and to carry out grooming activities independently. Grooming deficits and improvements are rated on an 11-category performance checklist. Two small-scale pilot studies showed that the program is efficacious and that nursing staff can effectively apply the procedures; in another study, the program was implemented on a large psychiatric unit with minimal staffing and resources. PMID- 3209206 TI - The psychiatrist and the Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income programs. AB - As psychiatrists become more active in the care of the chronic mentally ill, they are taking a greater role in relation to the entitlement programs of Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income. In a review of the application and appeals processes of the disability determination system, the author focuses on areas in which psychiatrists are likely to be involved, such as identifying patients qualified to receive benefits, providing reports on their own patients for disability determination, and examining other patients as a consultant. Psychiatrists should be knowledgeable about the Social Security entitlement programs, the author believes, and should increase their linkages with the Social Security Administration. PMID- 3209207 TI - Homelessness: consequence of a crisis or a long-term process? PMID- 3209208 TI - A model for implementing AIDS education in a drug abuse treatment setting. PMID- 3209209 TI - Consumers speak. PMID- 3209210 TI - Factors in rehospitalization. PMID- 3209211 TI - Spectral analysis interpretation of electrosurgical generator nerve and muscle stimulation. PMID- 3209212 TI - Robust closed-loop control of isometric muscle force using pulsewidth modulation. PMID- 3209213 TI - Investigation of upper extremity visuomotor control performance measures. PMID- 3209214 TI - A telemetry-instrumentation system for chronically implanted glucose and oxygen sensors. PMID- 3209215 TI - A stochastic characterization of chronic ventricular ectopic activity. PMID- 3209216 TI - Method for locating a small magnetic object in the human body. PMID- 3209217 TI - Instrumentation design for high-voltage electrical injury studies. PMID- 3209218 TI - Clinical & angiographic profile of left main coronary artery disease (LMCA). PMID- 3209220 TI - Reciprocal ST depression in acute myocardial infarction: correlation with early post-infarction exercise testing and coronary angiography. PMID- 3209219 TI - Electrocardiographic and coronary angiographic correlation in patients with transmural myocardial infarction. PMID- 3209221 TI - Recanalization time after intravenous streptokinase in evolving acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3209222 TI - Specific reperfusion arrhythmias with high dose short term IV streptokinase therapy in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3209223 TI - Total occlusion of the left main coronary artery in chronic stable angina pectoris. PMID- 3209224 TI - Total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in a segment of urban population in Kerala. PMID- 3209225 TI - Electrophysiological effects of intravenous amiodarone in patients with intraventricular conduction disorders. PMID- 3209227 TI - Heterograft cardiac valve prostheses: a five year experience. PMID- 3209226 TI - Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus: preliminary experience with five patients. PMID- 3209229 TI - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. PMID- 3209228 TI - Accuracy of continuous wave Doppler ultrasound in the estimation of severity of pulmonary and subpulmonary obstruction. PMID- 3209230 TI - Double outlet right ventricle in inverted position mimicking corrected transposition of great arteries. PMID- 3209231 TI - Diagnosis of dual AV nodal pathway by surface ECG during sinus rhythm. PMID- 3209232 TI - IVC interruption in a case of TOF. PMID- 3209234 TI - [Specificity of first and second generation HIV-1 antibody screening tests]. AB - Among 9867 sera tested between January and April 1987 by Abbott HTLV-III EIA (cell culture-derived antigen) 155 reacted repeatedly positive. 22% of these could not be confirmed, while 77% could be confirmed by other tests. The results of 2 sera remained equivocal. Subsequently Abbott recombinant HTLV-III EIA was used and until August of the same year 184 out of 11508 sera gave reproducible positive results. 12% of these could not be confirmed, while 86% could be confirmed. The results of 3 sera remained equivocal. False positive results were found in 0.34% of all sera examined by the test of the first generation, whereas the percentage in the second generation test was 0.19. Despite the higher specificity of the ELISA with antigen prepared by recombinant gene technology, there is further need for reliable confirmatory tests. PMID- 3209233 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine]. AB - A recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B derived from yeast cells (Gen-HB-Vax, Co. MSD/Behring) has been evaluated in 59 healthy young volunteers (37 men, 22 women) with an average age of 24.4 years. The seroconversion rate was 100%, and no major side effects were observed. During a follow-up period of 24 months concentrations of antibodies against HBsAg were shown to decline to one tenth within 16 to 17 months. Triple vaccination led to protective antibody titres for about 27 months on average. Based on these findings we suggest the following recommendations concerning revaccination: an anti-HBs titre of more than 10,000 mIU/ml four weeks after third vaccination should be reassessed 3-5 years later, and titres between 1000 and 10,000 mIU/ml after 2-3 years. A control of the antibody titre should be performed after 1-2 years if the titre is 200-1000 mIU/ml after the third vaccination, and after 6-12 months if it is 100-200 mIU/ml. Antibody titres between 10 and 100 mIU/ml should already be reassessed about 3-6 months later. We recommend an immediate revaccination for persons with anti-HBs titres below 10 mIU/ml. This corresponds to the course of antibody concentrations which could be seen in former studies with the conventional serum derived vaccine. Maximum anti-HBs titres are slightly below those observed with the serum-derived vaccine. PMID- 3209235 TI - [Direct agglutination as a tool for toxoplasma control in pregnancy]. AB - Sera of 3243 pregnant women were tested by direct agglutination and dye test for toxoplasma antibodies. An agreement of 99.48% between results of both tests could be found. The direct agglutination can be recommended as a screening technique in pregnancy care. PMID- 3209236 TI - Inhibition by glucocorticoids of mitogen-dependent histamine biosynthesis caused by histidine decarboxylase in cultured mouse spleen cells and peritoneal adherent cells. AB - When spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice were cultured, their histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity increased with a concomitant increase in the histamine concentration in the culture medium. The addition of concanavalin A (Con A) or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the culture enhanced the responses. Treatment with dexamethasone or corticosterone significantly inhibited both spontaneous and Con A-dependent induction of HDC and histamine biosynthesis. Progesterone and estradiol did not inhibit but rather enhanced the responses. Testosterone had little effect on HDC activity and the histamine level of the culture medium of spleen cells. Adherent cells obtained from glycogen-stimulated peritoneal exudates had the enzyme constitutively. Con A had no appreciable effect on the HDC activity and the histamine level of the culture of these adherent cells. However, the addition of conditioned medium of T + B lymphocytes that had been incubated in the presence of Con A rendered the adherent cells responsive to Con A, leading to an increase in the HDC activity and the histamine level of the culture of the cells. Treatment with dexamethasone largely abrogated the responses. The results suggest that HDC-dependent histamine biosynthesis by peritoneal adherent cells is inhibited by glucocorticoids, which act on the adherent cells per se. PMID- 3209238 TI - [Copper determination in the hair of psoriatic patients]. PMID- 3209237 TI - Rapid expulsion of Trichinella spiralis in suckling rats: mediation by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Pups born to rats immunized with the excretory/secretory antigens (ESA) of Trichinella spiralis L1 larvae expressed rapid expulsion when challenged orally. Rat monoclonal antibodies specific for ESA were produced and tested for their specificity in Western blots, binding to intact larvae and protective capacity in suckling rats. Eight antibodies had apparently identical specificity in Western blots, each recognizing a polypeptide family that included three molecular weight species sized at 41,000-50,000 MW. These polypeptides formed a series of higher molecular weight aggregates that were also bound by the monoclonal antibodies. Four of eight antibodies were protective when serially transferred to suckling pups. Each protective antibody was able to bind to intact larvae. Antibodies of two subclasses, IgG1 and IgG2c, were strongly protective, delivering to pups the capacity to expel as much as 94% of the challenge dose. PMID- 3209239 TI - [Alopecia areata. Hemorheological study and treatment with pentoxifylline]. PMID- 3209240 TI - [The sex factor in the prognosis of stage I skin melanoma. A preliminary note]. PMID- 3209241 TI - [Psoriasiform tinea]. PMID- 3209244 TI - [Phototherapy and uremic pruritus]. PMID- 3209242 TI - [Voluminous lipoma with unusual localization]. PMID- 3209243 TI - [Benign reactive proliferating angioendotheliomatosis]. PMID- 3209245 TI - [Evaluation of the topical antimycotic treatment in psoriatic onychopathy with severe perionychia]. PMID- 3209247 TI - [Mourning and its sequelae--consequences for the family environment]. PMID- 3209248 TI - [Nocturnal asthma: questions and answers]. PMID- 3209246 TI - [An unusual association of psoriasis with polymyositis]. PMID- 3209249 TI - [Olivier, Emilie and Titou are on the sick list]. PMID- 3209250 TI - Diet and coronary arterial disease: a statistical study. AB - Statistical analysis comparing mortality rates from coronary arterial disease with food consumption in 21 countries belonging to the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development is presented. In a preliminary process correlation coefficients are calculated for coronary mortality and all food items appearing in statistics collected for food consumption as well as for some combinations of food items. The highest correlations obtain with oats, milk proteins (other than the protein content of cheese), milk fats and sugar. These items are investigated in greater detail with respect to mortality from coronary arterial disease in males and females in various age groups and for various time intervals between the dates of mortality and statistics for food consumption. Correlations tend to increase in the older age groups and with longer time intervals. The highest correlation coefficient found is 0.94 for deaths due to coronary arterial disease for males in the 65-74 age group with the combined consumption of oats and milk proteins. PMID- 3209251 TI - Reduced incidence of left ventricular thrombi with intravenous streptokinase in acute anterior myocardial infarction: prospective evaluation by cross-sectional echocardiography. AB - Forty-five consecutive patients with transmural anterior acute myocardial infarction were prospectively studied to determine the effect of intravenous streptokinase on the incidence of left ventricular thrombi. Three patients died. The remaining patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 patients (n = 22) received 750,000 units of intravenous streptokinase within 6 hours of onset of symptoms. Neither thrombolytic therapy or anticoagulants were administered to 18 patients in group 2. Cross-sectional echocardiography was performed 8 to 10 days following acute myocardial infarction to detect left ventricular thrombus. Technically satisfactory echocardiography was not possible in 2 patients. Apical akinesia or dyskinesia was observed in all patients. No patient in the treated group developed left ventricular thrombus compared with 8 of 18 (44.4%) in group 2 (P less than 0.05). One patient in the control group sustained an embolic cerebrovascular accident. Thus intravenous streptokinase significantly reduces the incidence of left ventricular thrombus formation in patients of transmural anterior acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3209252 TI - Effect of age on long-term prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction. AB - We studied 181 patients aged under 65 years and 129 patients over 65 with acute myocardial infarction. There were no major differences in the prevalence of coronary risk factors, angina or previous myocardial infarction. A larger percentage of elderly patients had congestive heart failure (51.4% vs 32.6%, P less than 0.001) and complete heart block (17.1% vs 7.2%, P less than 0.01) during the acute phase. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the elderly patients (34% vs 16%, P less than 0.01). Late mortality rates correlated in both groups with the Killip class at the time of infarction and with the occurrence of reinfarction. In the elderly group, it was also associated with complete heart block during the acute phase. Five-year survival was 80% in the older and 72% in the younger patients (P = 0.1). Age did not affect survival of Killip class I patients (85% vs 86%, P = 0.83), but life expectancy was significantly reduced in elderly patients in Killip class greater than II (39% vs 60%, P less than 0.05). In conclusion, elderly patients cannot be considered a homogeneous group of high-risk patients. Clinical variables at the time of infarction can identify low- and high-risk subsets among them. Age constitutes an independent prognostic factor for late mortality when any degree of heart failure is present. PMID- 3209253 TI - Dipyridamole thallium testing: noncardiac side effects, cardiac effects, electrocardiographic changes and hemodynamic changes after dipyridamole infusion with and without exercise. AB - Thallium-201 scintigraphy in combination with intravenous dipyridamole has been reported to be useful in patients who are unable to perform maximal exercise stress testing. Few reports have dealt with side effects in large numbers of patients. For that reason noncardiac side effects, cardiac effects, electrocardiographic changes, as well as hemodynamic changes were studied in 301 consecutive patients, examined by dipyridamole thallium-201 imaging because of suspected coronary artery disease. The patients were divided into two groups (A and B). Patients in group A (101 patients) received an infusion of 0.14 mg/kg per minute dipyridamole for four minutes. Patients in group B (200 patients) received the same dose of dipyridamole followed by low level exercise (60 rpm/30 Watts) for three minutes to achieve maximal coronary blood flow and to diminish thallium 201 uptake in the gastrointestinal organs. The likelihood of having hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease was the same in both groups. Patients in group B experienced significantly less side effects than patients in group A (11% vs 43%, P less than 0.05). In group B changes in systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.05), heart rate (P less than 0.05), and rate pressure product (P less than 0.05) were more distinct. The occurrence of angina was the same in both groups (47% vs 44%, NS), but ischemic ST segment changes were significantly more frequent in group B than in group A (25% vs 12%, P less than 0.05). Thus, exercise added to dipyridamole infusion compared to dipyridamole infusion alone results in fewer noncardiac side effects, the same prevalence of angina pectoris, and a higher incidence of ST segment changes. PMID- 3209254 TI - Can left ventricular end-diastolic pressure be estimated non-invasively? AB - The relationship between the velocity waveforms due to the early and late phases of ventricular filling recorded by pulsed Doppler changes with abnormalities of left ventricular diastolic function and it has previously been suggested that quantitative assessment of these changes may provide a clinically useful estimate of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Pulsed Doppler ultrasound was used to record transmitral blood flow velocities simultaneously and on the same recorder as left ventricular pressure measurements in 30 patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation for the investigation of ischaemic heart disease. Contrary to previous reports we found no relationship between transmitral flow and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Caution is required in the conclusions drawn from transmitral flow velocity patterns whose relationship to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure remains uncertain. PMID- 3209255 TI - Segmental aortic hypoplasia or how to interpret the flow concept. AB - The development of elastin lamellae in the media of elastic type arteries such as the aorta appears to be modulated by mechanical factors such as flow. On that basis, decreased aortic flow during fetal development is held responsible for the occurrence of tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch. Underdevelopment of the ascending aorta in aortic atresia likewise is considered due to diminished retrograde flow from the aortic arch. The present study has examined this hypothesis by comparing the number of elastic lamellae in hypoplastic segments of the aortic arch and ascending aorta with corresponding segments from normal aorta. In both situations the underdeveloped segments show a paucity of cellular and supportive connective tissue constituents, leading to a densely packed layer of elastic lamellae and, thus, contributing to the diminished dimensions. A major difference, however, was noted with respect to the number of elastic lamellae. In the hypoplastic ascending aorta in aortic atresia, the number was not different from that encountered in normal specimens. In tubular hypoplasia, on the other hand, the number of elastic lamellae was significantly lower than in the corresponding segments of normal specimens (P less than 0.01). Taking the stance that flow is a major factor in proper development of the aortic media, it seems that the findings in tubular hypoplasia fit well with a chronic lack of tension from early development and, hence, relate directly to the cardiac malformation. The findings in the ascending aorta of aortic atresia are less easy to understand from this point of view.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209256 TI - The scale of myocardial involvement in varicella myocarditis. AB - Two patients with varicella myocarditis are described. An arrhythmia associated with complete recovery occurred in the first patient whereas intractable congestive heart failure complicated by hemiplegia resulted in a fatal outcome in the other case. We stress the extent of myocardial involvement produced by the herpes zoster virus in the setting of varicella. PMID- 3209257 TI - Functional abnormalities of the conduction system in children with an atrial septal defect. AB - We performed an electrophysiologic study in 40 children with an atrial septal defect and analyzed their pre- and postoperative electrocardiograms and 24-hour Holter recordings. The electrophysiologic study showed a prolonged corrected sinus node recovery time in 83% and an abnormal sinuatrial conduction time in 25% of the children. An early Wenckebach response to atrial pacing was seen in 18%. Sixteen percent had a prolonged atrial conduction time. The atrial functional refractory period was abnormal in 35%. Two children developed nonsustained supraventricular tachycardia during the electrophysiologic study. The preoperative electrocardiogram showed first-degree atrioventricular block in 15% of the children; prolonged periods of accelerated atrial rhythm were found in 35% of the preoperative 24-hour Holter recordings. The incidence of first-degree atrioventricular block and accelerated atrial rhythm decreased postoperatively. We could not find a significant correlation between age or shunt size and the presence of electrophysiologic abnormalities or arrhythmias. These results indicate that the sinus node, atrioventricular node and atrial myocardium show some degree of dysfunction in patients with an atrial septal defect. An early operation may prevent further progression of electrophysiologic abnormalities and the development of symptomatic arrhythmias. PMID- 3209258 TI - Coronary angiography in a patient with mirror-image heart ("situs inversus"). AB - A right-sided heart associated with mirror-image atrial arrangement (situs inversus) is a rare condition. The incidence of coronary arterial disease in this setting is probably similar to that in the general population. Description of coronary angiography in this condition is very rare. We have recently catheterized such a patient. The necessary approach to coronary angiography is emphasized. PMID- 3209259 TI - Postoperative cardiopulmonary failure in tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. AB - When tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome leads to respiratory failure in early infancy, total repair has been advocated. Respiratory insufficiency may persist despite a surgically adequate repair. An infant with this syndrome underwent total surgical correction. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was employed in the early postoperative period for intractable pulmonary insufficiency and myocardial dysfunction. PMID- 3209260 TI - Massive mitral and myocardial calcification--technical manoeuvres for successful valve replacement. AB - Massive mitral valvular and myocardial calcification is rare. Successful valve replacement poses a technical challenge. One such case is described with a 5-year follow-up. PMID- 3209261 TI - Myocarditis manifesting as persistent atrial standstill. AB - Persistent atrial standstill complicating inflammatory myocarditis in a young boy is presented. The disease was marked by a stuttering course characterized by intermittent return of atrial rhythm in the form of atrial flutter and fibrillation until persistent standstill lasting till the last follow-up occurred. The relevant literature is reviewed. PMID- 3209262 TI - Corrected transposition presenting as aortic stenosis in an infant. AB - Associated intracardiac lesions have been well documented in congenitally corrected transposition. Most often these include ventricular septal defects, dysplasia of the morphologically tricuspid valve and subpulmonic stenosis. Aortic stenosis as the only isolated intracardiac defect in association with corrected transposition has not been described previously. We present such a patient and review the clinical features of corrected transposition. PMID- 3209263 TI - Common arterial trunk with pulmonary atresia. AB - We describe a congenitally malformed heart with usual atrial arrangement and concordant atrioventricular connexions in which a solitary arterial trunk left the base of the heart and supplied the coronary and systemic arteries. Pulmonary blood supply was derived from systemic to pulmonary collateral arteries but, in addition, hypoplastic intrapericardial pulmonary arteries were found in each lung hilum. The two sets of hilar arteries were discontinuous, but it seemed likely that this discontinuity had been artefactually produced by prior dissection. Irrespective of this matter, the left pulmonary arteries were connected by a thread-like atretic cord to the left-sided sinus of the solitary arterial trunk. This indicates that, initially, there had been a common trunk which now demonstrates pulmonary atresia. The significance of this lesion is discussed in the light of the nomenclature and description of hearts with common arterial trunk. PMID- 3209264 TI - Familial complete heart block in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - We report the finding of complete heart block in two siblings (brother and sister) with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Its relationship to the disease is discussed and the relevant literature is reviewed. PMID- 3209265 TI - Hypnotic transformation--three studies of theatrical role-playing: a brief communication. PMID- 3209267 TI - Hypnotists' associations: a consumer's confusion. PMID- 3209266 TI - Trance-related pseudocyesis in a male. PMID- 3209268 TI - The effect of hypnotically induced suggestions on reading performance. PMID- 3209269 TI - Imaginative involvement and hypnotizability in childhood. PMID- 3209270 TI - Memory distortion in hypnosis. PMID- 3209271 TI - The imagery factor in hypnotic hypermnesia. PMID- 3209272 TI - Hypnosis and the recall of visually presented material: a failure to replicate Stager and Lundy. PMID- 3209273 TI - The experience of hypnotic suggestions. PMID- 3209274 TI - Hypnosis, cerebral laterality and relaxation. PMID- 3209275 TI - Lack of effects of calcium antagonists on red blood cell deformability in hypertension. AB - To compare the red blood cell (RBC) deformability in hypertensive patients and healthy volunteers and to evaluate the effects of calcium antagonists on RBC deformability in hypertension, forty mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients and forty healthy volunteers, matched for age, sex and smoking habits, were studied. Each patient was randomized to receive one of the four following two-week treatment regimens: nifedipine 10 mg, verapamil 80 mg and diltiazem 60 mg three times a day and no drug. RBC deformability, measured with a gravity driven filtration technique, and mean arterial pressure were determined before and after the treatment. No difference in RBC deformability was observed between hypertensive patients and healthy volunteers. In contrast to the significant reduction in mean arterial pressure, RBC deformability was not altered by any of the three calcium antagonists. We conclude that a two-week treatment with calcium antagonist, at the effective vasodepressor dose, has no effect on RBC deformability in mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients. PMID- 3209276 TI - Prediction of steady-state plasma theophylline concentration by Bayesian algorithm. AB - The use of Bayesian algorithm on theophylline pharmacokinetics was studied in asthmatic patients. Each patient received multiple oral doses of the sustained release theophylline tablet formulation, Theo-Dur, in an amount of 200-400 mg as maintenance dose. Plasma theophylline concentration was measured by a commercially available substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay. The data were analyzed by applying a one-compartment model with both zero-order and first-order absorptions based on a nonlinear least squares method, Bayesian algorithm. The present study indicated that the zero-order absorption model provided better estimated pharmacokinetic parameters than the first-order absorption model. It was also found that prediction by the Bayesian method is dependent on number of sampling trials, but the best sampling time is still unknown. This may be due to the small peak-trough plasma concentration differences. From these findings, we suggest that parameters with larger variances should be chosen by considering the interindividual and intraindividual variabilities in order to improve the accuracy of population pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3209277 TI - The effect of naloxone on the blood level of morphine and histamine in morphine perfused dogs. AB - Injection of naloxone to morphine perfused naive dogs caused a transient increase in the blood level of morphine although no concomitant increase in the blood level of histamine was observed. The increase in the blood level of morphine following naloxone administration was statistically significant (p less than 0.001) within the 1st min and decreased rapidly to control values by 10 min. A second injection of naloxone administered 2 h later did not increase the blood level of morphine. Similarly, administration of naloxone to morphine perfused dogs pretreated with compound 48/80, a potent mast cell depleter, revealed no increase in the blood level of morphine. These findings indicate that morphine was promptly bound to the mast cells after perfusion and the origin of morphine released into the blood by naloxone was the mast cells. PMID- 3209278 TI - Pharmacokinetics of netilmicin during hemodialysis: comparison of four artificial kidneys. AB - The pharmacokinetics of netilmicin was studied in 11 patients with terminal renal impairment (Clcr less than 5 ml/min) during the course of a 4-h hemodialysis session, using four different kinds of dialyzer: Biospal 2400, Biospal 3000, Allegro HF, and Andante HF. All patients received a single dose of 2 mg netilmicin/kg body wt at the beginning of the dialysis session. The type of dialyzer influences the serum half-life, the dialysis clearance and the percentage of drug extracted during dialysis. A linear relationship was established between the drug fraction extracted by dialysis and the dialysis clearance of the antibiotic. During the hemodialysis sessions, the serum half life of netilmicin decreased approximately 10-fold compared with the interdialysis periods. PMID- 3209279 TI - Drug use in dermatology. AB - Prescription of drugs was studied for 197 outpatients and 93 inpatients seeking treatment under the specialized services of the Dermatology Department of the Nehru Hospital attached to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, (PGIMER) Chandigarh. Disease patterns in both settings and drugs prescribed for them were analyzed from prescriptions, retrospectively. Brand drugs were prescribed to the tune of 60-65%, in both settings, some lacunae in prescription are discussed. PMID- 3209280 TI - Effects of ibopamine in combination with furosemide on renal function in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. AB - The effects of ibopamine and furosemide on renal function given alone and in combination at single doses were studied in 6 men and 6 women aged 45 to 73 years with chronic congestive heart failure of NYHA class II. After 3 days of dietary stabilization, the patients received either ibopamine 200 mg, furosemide 40 mg, or furosemide 40 mg plus ibopamine 200 mg with 2-day washout between treatments, according to a double-blind, balanced three-way crossover design using all possible treatment sequences. On each treatment day urine collections were performed at 2-hourly intervals from 2 h before to 6 h after dosing, and urine volume and Na+, K+, Cl-, and creatinine concentrations were measured for every period. The patients received a standardized breakfast 3 h before treatment and then were allowed 250 ml tap water to drink before starting each urine collection period. Venous blood samples were taken before breakfast and midway between each urine collection period for analysis of serum Na+, K+, Cl-, creatinine, and glucose. Heart rate, blood pressure, and physical signs were recorded 2, 1 h, immediately before, and then 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h after treatment. At the same times the patients were asked for any symptoms. The time course of the diuretic effect of furosemide 40 mg was consistent with the data reported by other authors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209281 TI - Discrimination of kinetic models in heteroscedastic parametric estimation of bentazepam following multiple dosing. AB - The aim of the present study was to attempt to discriminate between single- and two-compartment kinetic models used for calculating the pharmacokinetic parameters of bentazepam when the plasma concentrations of different administrations are used as initial data during multiple dosage regimes. Determination of the best estimated pharmacokinetic parameters was performed using non-linear regression analysis, weighting the data as a function of the error of the analytical technique. Bentazepam was administered at a dose of 25 mg orally at intervals of 8, 12 or 24 h to a total of 9 patients. The mean values of the parameters established for the single-compartment model were Ka = 2.024 h-1; Vd = 2.198 l/kg and Ke = 0.130 h-1. For the two-compartment model these values were: Ka = 2.134 h-1, Vc = 2.049 l/kg, K10 = 0.154 h-1, K12 = 0.042 h-1 and K21 = 0.103 h-1. By application of the MAICE test mean AIC values of 41.62 and 42.52 were obtained for the single- and two-compartment models, respectively. The most suitable kinetic model was determined for each patient according to the predictive nature of the individual parameters of the two kinetic models and by analysis of the residuals of the non-linear regressions of the parametric estimation. PMID- 3209282 TI - Pharmacokinetic comparison of a slow-release theophylline-hydroxyzine combination and a plain slow-release theophylline preparation. AB - We have compared the pharmacokinetic properties of a slow-release theophylline hydroxyzine combination and a slow-release theophylline preparation both after a single dose administration and at steady state after the dosage of twice/day for four days in ten healthy volunteers. After a single dose, theophylline was absorbed slightly faster from the combination preparation (Retafyllin comp.) than from a plain theophylline preparation (Theo-Dur). However, in a steady state phase the pharmacokinetic profiles were quite similar. Hydroxyzine showed a slight delay in absorption from the combination preparation, but in a steady state the overall pharmacokinetic profile of hydroxyzine was similar to that of theophylline. Cumulation of either hydroxyzine or theophylline was not evident. On the basis of the present study, the slow-release combination preparation of theophylline and hydroxyzine seems suitable for twice/day dosage. PMID- 3209283 TI - Treatment of hypertensive emergencies with nifedipine. AB - The effects and safety of using sublingually nifedipine 10-20 mg as acute antihypertensive treatment were evaluated in 108 patients with hypertensive emergencies or urgency without intensive care monitoring. Before treatment, mean systolic blood pressure was 220 +/- 28 mmHg, mean diastolic blood pressure was 125 +/- 15 mmHg and mean arterial pressure was 155 +/- 14 mmHg. Administration of 10 mg of sublingual nifedipine reduced the blood pressure within 10 min and produced a peak effect level between 30 to 40 min. Blood pressure decreased significantly to a mean 155 +/- 20 and 92 +/- 14 mmHg systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Minimal adverse effects was observed. Five patients, required additional therapy with other antihypertensive drugs. Heart rate increased from 74 +/- 10 to 84 +/- 10 beats per min. The response to nifedipine correlated with the blood pressure value prior to treatment, but did not correlate with age or the type of hypertensive emergency. These results indicate that nifedipine administered sublingually is a simple, effective, and safe agent for treating hypertensive emergencies, especially for the patients in whom intensive care monitoring cannot be guaranteed. PMID- 3209284 TI - Attenuation of pulse rate and blood pressure response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation by clonidine. AB - Forty healthy patients (ASA class 1) of both sexes, aged between 20 and 45 years, undergoing routine surgical procedures were included in this double-blind randomized study. They were divided into two groups of 20 each. Patients in group A received no pretreatment, while patients in group B received oral clonidine 5 micrograms kg-1 90 min before induction of anesthesia. All patients received thiopentone (5 mgs kg-1) followed by suxamethonium (1.5 mgs kg-1) to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Control patients showed a significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure; they were significantly lower in the clonidine treated group immediately after intubation (p less than 0.001). The data suggest that the rise in heart rate and blood pressure associated with laryngoscopy and intubation during a routine induction sequence can be attenuated by the use of oral clonidine. PMID- 3209285 TI - High-dose methotrexate: pharmacokinetics in children and young adults. AB - Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate (MTX) was studied in 34 patients (age 1-25 years, median 12 years) predominantly with primary brain tumors and osteosarcoma, who received a total of 64 high-dose infusions (12 g/m2/4 h, maximum dose 20 g), followed by leucovorin rescue (COSS 82). Serum samples were collected over a period of at least 72 h after the end of infusion and MTX was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EMIT). The data were fitted to a biexponential equation using a nonlinear regression analysis. The concentration-time decay of MTX in serum observed in 29/34 patients receiving 4 x 15 mg/m2/d p.o. leucovorin up to 5 days was biphasic with mean half-lives (+/- SD) of 2.42 +/- 0.45 h for t1/2 alpha and 19.9 +/- 7.6 h for t1/2 beta. The steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) was 0.56 +/- 0.18 l/kg and the total body clearance (CL) 71 +/- 20 ml/min/m2 (mean +/ SD). Peak serum concentrations ranged from 674-1778 mumol/l (mean +/- SD, 1201 +/- 293 mumol/l). In 5/34 patients who received a prolonged leucovorin rescue due to a delayed MTX elimination t1/2 alpha was greater than 3.1 h. The data of this study suggest that patients with MTX serum concentrations of less than or equal to 6.3 mumol/l at 24 h, less than or equal to 0.77 mumol/l at 48 h, and less than or equal to 0.33 mumol/l at 72 h after the end of infusion, and a t1/2 alpha of less than or equal to 3.1 h (97.5th percentiles) are at low risk of toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209286 TI - Male/female differences in alcohol-related problems: alcohol rehabilitation patients. AB - Differences in male and female prevalence of drinking problems have been studied previously. However, few studies have focused on gender differences in a range of alcohol-related problems in individuals identified as dysfunctional drinkers. We analyzed such differences in 299 alcohol patients who met DSM-III criteria for alcohol abuse/dependence. Male and female patients differed significantly on heavy consumption patterns and negative social experiences resulting from drinking. However, no significant differences were found in loss of control, dependence, or health problems. The similarities were obtained even though females had been problem drinkers for a shorter number of years. Implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 3209287 TI - Attitudes and perceptions of health professionals toward substance use disorders and substance-dependent individuals. AB - The study investigated the attitudes and perceptions of health professionals toward four substance use disorders and toward substance abusers. An attitude measurement questionnaire and a semantic differential scale were administered to measure nurses' attitudes toward alcohol, nicotine, soft-drug, and hard-drug substance use disorders; and toward individuals' dependence upon the four substances. Statistical analysis revealed that while positive attitudes were indicated toward the disorders, negative perceptions were displayed toward certain substance abusers. The findings are discussed in terms of treatment implications, and the need for attitudinal education in the training and selection of health professionals for work with substance abusers is emphasized. PMID- 3209288 TI - Fighting drug abuse in Australia. AB - On the basis of a sample survey (N = 919) of North Queensland considerable evidence is provided that education is the most favored and treatment the least favored intervention strategy in fighting drug abuse. Law enforcement takes an intermediate position. However, there is even more evidence that people do not agree about the definition and meaning of these three intervention mechanisms and that people frequently make contradictory recommendations. There is but limited evidence that these recommendations vary in terms of personal and socioeconomic background. PMID- 3209289 TI - The differing requirements of collateral clients and primary alcohol users in outpatient treatment. AB - Treatment data were collected on 134 clients of the Alcohol Counseling and Education Program, Taunton, Massachusetts: 31 of these clients were collateral clients; 103, primary users. Short-term improvements in the emotional status (i.e., improvements that occurred within the period of treatment) of collateral clients seem dependent upon different treatment modalities than do those of primary users. Collateral clients seem, on the one hand, responsive to individual counseling; primary users, on the other, to group (including self-help, Alcoholics Anonymous) therapy. PMID- 3209290 TI - Predicting rehabilitation outcomes from clinical and statistical data: a probability model. AB - This research was focused on the feasibility of a Markov Chain probability model for predicting rehabilitation outcome. A combination of clinical ratings from counselors and statistical data from client files was used to predict 'successful' and 'unsuccessful' outcomes. Predictions were made at three separate time periods: Time 1, during the first week after initial interview; Time 2, during the fourth week after initial interview; and Time 3, during the thirteenth week after initial interview. The final outcome was determined at the end of six months. The research sample consisted of seventy-one clients from two private rehabilitation agencies, all of whom suffered from work-related injuries or illnesses. The results of this research indicate that a Markov Chain probability model is quite feasible for predicting rehabilitation outcomes. In addition, it was observed that the predictions generally followed a progression over time toward stronger and more accurate predictions for both 'success' and 'failure'. With only one exception, occurring at Time 1, the clinical ratings from the counselors were shown to be stronger predictors than the statistical data from case files. This finding is inconsistent with previous studies. It is suggested that a model such as this can serve to alert counselors to the possible need for different or more innovative strategies for service to clients who show a poor probability for success. PMID- 3209291 TI - The role of the school psychologist in the examination of complex language disorders. AB - In this article we shall first attempt to show in a summary fashion how the concept of language has changed over the last 20 to 40 years. This will serve as a background and aid to understanding the current view that language disturbances are of such a complex nature that they can only be understood, analysed and treated by means of an interdisciplinary approach. A look at the recent developments in the sciences that touch upon the comprehension of language disturbances elucidates our current view of them. It can help to clarify the role of the psychologist, especially the school psychologist who works with children and adolescents in the diagnosis, counseling, in some cases in the treatment and often in cooperation with other professionals of lingual disturbances. Conclusions can also be drawn as to the specific professional qualifications required and as to the methodology of the psychological examination. PMID- 3209292 TI - The management of epilepsy at work. AB - This paper examines the way in which health problems, resulting from epilepsy, are managed in one large organisation, the British Civil Service. The part played by stress in precipitating epileptic seizures is first of all considered. This leads on to a discussion of the problems of finding a medical regime that, on the one hand, prevents epileptic attacks at work and, on the other, does not result in side effects that adversely affect work performance. The importance of social support is also stressed. The paper concludes by highlighting the need to improve the process whereby information on the requirements of a job are related to information on an individual's epilepsy, in order to determine the risk of their having, or causing, an accident at work. PMID- 3209293 TI - Community psychiatric rehabilitation in Israel. AB - This paper describes the development of community-based rehabilitation services for persons with mental illness in Israel. It describes current provision for occupational, social and residential programs. It is argued that developments in all of these spheres have been both slow and piecemeal, and that they have been influenced unduly by models imported from psychiatric hospitals. The authors conclude that more adequate provision is needed, and that this should be more attuned to the philosophy and objectives of community psychiatry. PMID- 3209294 TI - Advances in the applications of monoclonal antibodies in clinical oncology. Proceedings of the 5th international meeting. London, UK, 25-27 May 1988. PMID- 3209295 TI - Engineering antibody affinity and specificity. AB - A combination of ab initio calculations, "knowledge-based prediction", molecular graphics and site-directed mutagenesis has enabled us to probe the molecular details of antibody:antigen recognition and binding and to alter the affinity and specificity of an antibody for its antigen. The significance of electrostatic hydrogen bonding, hydrophilic/hydrophobic patch matching and van der Waals interactions as well as CDR:CDR interactions are discussed in relation to the results of site-directed mutagenesis experiments on the anti-lysozyme antibody Gloop2. The ability to generate reconstructed antibodies, chimeric antibodies, catalytic antibodies and the use of modelled antibodies for the design of drugs is discussed. PMID- 3209296 TI - Localization of monoclonal antibody AUA1 and its F(ab')2 fragments in human tumour xenografts: an autoradiographic and immunohistochemical study. AB - The mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) AUA1, when applied on LoVo tumour sections, reacts by staining all tumour cells, on their cell surfaces. To investigate the accessibility of these sites to antibody when the tumour is present as a solid mass in vivo, subcutaneous xenografts of LoVo were first prepared in nude mice. The mice were then injected intravenously with either 125I-labelled AUA1, 125I AUA1 F(ab')2 or with 125I-labelled HMFG2 (negative control antibody). Animals were killed at various time intervals. Gross and micro-autoradiography as well as immunohistochemistry were performed on tissue samples of tumour and control organs. The in vivo injected antibody, in contrast to that studied in vitro, was localized only, as detected by autoradiography, on a thin layer of tumour cells adjacent to the vascularized stroma. On microscopically small tumour islands the antibody penetration was complete. Most of the radioactivity was on the cell surfaces, as seen on in vitro immunostaining. With intact antibody, similar autoradiographic results were obtained at days 1, 3 and 6. With F(ab')2 fragments there was deeper penetration into the tumour at days 1 and 3, though less radioactivity was found; by day 6 the activity had greatly decreased. Radioactivity in the control organs was limited to the blood pool. Negative control antibody HMFG2 showed no localization on the tumour cells. These results were not due to differences in antigenic expression of the tumour cells but reflect the problem of accessibility of antigenic sites in vivo. PMID- 3209297 TI - Localization of biotinylated monoclonal antibody in nude mice bearing subcutaneous and intraperitoneal human tumour xenografts. AB - To demonstrate the precise distribution and binding of in vivo injected monoclonal antibodies on histological tumour sections, we have biotinylated our primary antibody AUA1. Biotinylated antibody was injected into nude mice bearing simultaneous subcutaneous and intraperitoneal xenografts of the human tumour LoVo. Twenty-four hours after injection, the animals were killed, tumours and control organs were removed. Antibody was demonstrated on frozen sections by incubating sections with avidin biotin peroxidase complex. We compared the in vivo penetration and binding of this antibody on intraperitoneal and subcutaneous xenografts. The antibody penetration was mainly restricted to a thin layer of tumour cells adjacent to the vascularized stroma in large solid subcutaneous and intraperitoneal tumours, whereas in very small intraperitoneal tumours, antibody penetration was complete. These findings were similar to our autoradiographic results. This study demonstrates that employing the biotinylated antibodies for in vivo localization studies provides superior resolution of antibody binding for morphological assessment compared to autoradiography. Localization of a biotin label is more precise and will permit ultra-structural studies. PMID- 3209298 TI - Tumour localization using monoclonal antibodies. II. Biodistribution of A5B7/111indium chelates. AB - The anti-CEA antibody A5B7 has been conjugated with the chelating agents DTPA and DHDE. Radioimmunoassay and FPLC studies have shown that the conjugation procedure has not impaired the CEA binding ability of the antibody or induced aggregate formation. Biodistributions of the 111In-labelled conjugates have been carried out in nude mice bearing the human colon carcinoma xenograft LS174T. The results show favourable tumour-to-tissue ratios for the DTPA conjugate. PMID- 3209299 TI - Monocyte/macrophage-directed antibodies Ki-M3 and Ki-M7 detect renal-cell carcinomas. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) Ki-M3 and Ki-M7, which detect cells of the human monocyte/macrophage lineages, were tested using immunohistochemistry on a series of benign and malignant human tumors (n = 43). Positive staining was detected in all renal-cell carcinomas (n = 19 positive for both Ki-M3 and Ki-M7), a few cases of breast carcinoma (n = 6 for Ki-M3; n = 2 for Ki-M7), in 1 case each of prostatic carcinoma (Ki-M3) and prostatic adenoma (Ki-M3), and in 1 case of endometriosis (Ki-M3). In normal human kidney Ki-M3 and Ki-M7 reacted with proximal tubules and parts of the distal tubules and with the loop of Henle. The Ki-M3 and Ki-M7 MAbs proved useful in detecting renal-cell carcinomas and in distinguishing these tumors and their metastases from morphologically similar neoplasms: in addition, our study further hints that renal cell carcinomas are derived from tubular epithelial cells. PMID- 3209300 TI - A comparison of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) in human colorectal cancer. AB - The development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to tumour-associated antigens has allowed the successful radioimmunolocalization of a variety of tumours and has provided a basis for targeted therapy. In patients with colorectal cancer, antibodies to CEA have been the most widely used for imaging, but their role in targeted therapy may be inhibited by their reaction with normal tissues and with circulating CEA. Epithelial-membrane antigen (EMA) is expressed by most epithelial tumours, including colorectal cancers, and antibodies to EMA may provide a satisfactory alternative. We therefore compared two high-affinity MAbs, one to CEA (C46) and one to EMA (ICR2), in tissues obtained from 31 patients with cancer (18 primary colonic, 6 nodal metastases and 7 liver metastases), 14 patients with adenomatous polyps and 17 with normal colon. The indirect immunoperoxidase staining reaction was used and the results classified as either positive or negative. A heterogeneous pattern of staining was found for both antibodies. ICR2, the anti-EMA, reacted with slightly fewer colonic cancers than C46, the anti-CEA antibody (83% vs. 100%) and a similar number of metastases. Most noticeable was the minimal reaction of anti-EMA with normal colon (12% vs. 71%) and benign polyps (7% vs. 79%) in comparison to anti-CEA. This would suggest a possible role for ICR2 in the radioimmunolocalization and targeting of colorectal cancer. PMID- 3209301 TI - Pre-operative discrimination between benign and malignant ovarian tumors using a combination of CA125 and CA15.3 serum assays. AB - Serum levels of CA125 and CA15.3 were measured in 70 patients presenting with an ovarian neoplasm, of whom 38 had an ovarian malignancy and 32 a benign ovarian tumor. CA125 levels exceeded 35 U/ml in 71% of ovarian carcinomas and in 25% of benign ovarian tumors. In the entire group of 70 patients, CA125 levels (greater than 35 U/ml) were elevated in 35 patients, of whom 27 had ovarian cancer. CA15.3 levels were found to be elevated (greater than 30 U/ml) in 9% of benign ovarian tumors and in 50% of ovarian malignancies. Of 8 patients with a false positive CA125 (greater than 35) elevation, only one had an elevated CA15.3 level whereas in 27 correct positive patients 19 also had elevated CA15.3 levels. Of all 20 patients with both markers elevated, 19 patients (95%) had ovarian cancer. When a cut-off level of 65 U/ml was used for the tumor marker CA125, all patients with simultaneous elevation of both markers were found to have an ovarian malignancy. Using a panel of CA125 (greater than 35 U/ml) and CA15.3 (greater than 30 U/ml) and requiring a simultaneous marker elevation, the sensitivity of the test decreased from 71% to 50% but the corresponding specificity of the test rose from 75% to 97%. Specificity was as high as 100% if in the same panel of tests a 65 U/ml cut-off for CA125 was taken. A comparison of early stage I-II ovarian cancer with benign ovarian tumors failed to demonstrate a discriminatory capacity of any test or test combination. We conclude that the use of a panel of tumor markers is advantageous in the pre-operative discrimination of benign and malignant ovarian tumors, since the predictive value for malignancy of a combined marker elevation was as high as 100% in the population studied. PMID- 3209302 TI - CA 125 in the monitoring of response to chemotherapy of ovarian carcinoma. AB - CA 125 serum levels were assessed in 23 patients undergoing chemotherapy for advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). Rising, falling and unchanged levels correlated with disease in 21 out of 23 (95%) cases. Ten out of 11 patients who showed objective response to chemotherapy had a decrease in antigen levels. Two out of 3 patients with stable disease had unchanged values. Progression was always associated with rising levels. CA 125 is a reliable marker for monitoring response to chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3209303 TI - Intraperitoneal 131I- and 90Y-labelled monoclonal antibodies for ovarian cancer: pharmacokinetics and normal tissue dosimetry. AB - The pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal (i.p.) radiolabelled monoclonal antibody (MAb) was studied in 35 patients receiving 40 i.p. injections. Eleven patients received 131I-labelled MAb, 24 received 90Y-labelled MAb, and 5 patients received a second 131I MAb treatment after having developed human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA). All patients had blood and urine isotope activity monitored for 5 days after MAb injection. The radiation dose to bone marrow from the vascular compartment in the marrow was calculated by applying the MIRD formula to the measured blood activity. In HAMA-negative patients, peak blood isotope activity was observed at 40 hr post injection with a mean of 26% and 21% of the injected 131I and 90Y activity respectively. Sixty-five percent of the injected 131I activity, but only 12% of the administered 90Y, was excreted in the urine. Myelosuppression limited the administered 131I and 90Y activities to below 160 and 20 mCi respectively. In patients receiving 131I labelled MAbs, the marrow is irradiated by MAb within its circulation, producing myelosuppression that can be predicted by applying the MIRD formula to the blood isotope activity. This is not true for 90Y-labelled MAbs, where bone absorption of yttrium (which cannot be measured in patients) is the dominant radiation source for bone-marrow irradiation. Patients with HAMA present clear 131I MAb rapidly with a decreased radiation dose to marrow and reduced myelosuppression. Giving patients intravenous antimouse immunoglobulin to clear 131I-labelled MAb absorbed from the peritoneal cavity could decrease the toxicity observed in these patients. Patients receiving 90Y DTPA-chelated MAbs are unlikely to benefit, as catabolized yttrium is not excreted, and is concentrated in liver, spleen and bone. On the other hand, the use of i.v. chelating agents as EDTA may scavenge non-protein bound 90Y with increased excretion in the urine and less myelosuppression. PMID- 3209304 TI - Biodistribution of 131I-labelled monoclonal antibodies in human colon tumours by an ex vivo perfusion model. AB - We describe a model for the evaluation of anti-tumour antibody specificity, using a human carcinoma-bearing colon segment. After resection of the human colon tumour, the supplying artery was cannulated and perfused with fresh frozen plasma and heparin. Continuous control of pressure, flow, temperature, pH and various metabolic parameters were performed after administration of 131I-labelled anti CEA antibody. Highly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the colon showed a much higher antibody uptake than undifferentiated tumours. Between 3 and 7% of the injected antibody was found in the tumour tissue. Autoradiography showed non homogeneous binding in the tumour tissue. The non-specific antibody perfusion showed no tumour binding. We conclude that the ex vivo perfusion of resected colon carcinomas can be used to measure the kinetics of binding and clearance of MAbs in tumour tissue by direct scintigraphy. The cellular biodistribution of the antibody can be documented by means of autoradiography. PMID- 3209305 TI - Immunoscintigraphy with 131I-labelled monoclonal antibodies HMFG2 and HMFG1 F(ab')2 versus abdominal CT scan in the detection of residual disease in ovarian cancer patients. AB - 131I-labelled HMFG2 or HMFG1 F(ab')2 monoclonal antibody (MAb) was administered intraperitoneally to 15 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who had completed chemotherapy and were in complete or good partial remission. Each patient received 2-3 mCi. Patients were scanned immediately after and until 7 days post injection. In 3/15 patients the immunoscan failed because extensive adhesions from the previous surgery prevented MAb diffusion. Of the remaining 12 patients, 9 underwent second-look laparotomy (SL). Immunoscan was true positive in 8/9 (89%) patients and equivocal in 1/9 (11%), whereas the abdominal CT scan gave true positive results in 6/9 (67%) patients. In 8 out of 9 patients there was a good correlation between distribution of all sites of abnormal uptake and the surgical findings at SL. Of the 3 patients not undergoing SL, the immunoscan was positive in all, whereas clinical examination and abdominal CT scan were negative. All 3 patients relapsed after 3, 4 and 5 months. Thus the total true positivity of immunoscan reached 92%, CT scan remaining at 50%. Immunoscan with intraperitoneal administration of 131I-labelled MAbs can thus accurately detect the presence of residual disease in ovarian cancer patients and appears more sensitive than abdominal CT scan. PMID- 3209306 TI - Immunoscintigraphy with 131I-labelled HMFG2 and HMFG1 F(ab')2 in the pre operative detection of clinical and subclinical lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients. AB - Radiolabelled specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) HMFG2 and HMFG1 F(ab')2 and non-specific 11.4.1 and 4C4 F(ab')2 were injected into the webs between the 2nd and 3rd fingers of both hands in 31 patients with clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. We studied 10 patients with clinically obvious axillary lymph-node disease (group A) and 10 patients with clinically negative axilla (group B) using HMFG2, 5 patients with clinically negative axilla (group C) using HMFG1 F(ab')2 and 6 patients with clinically positive axilla (group D) using non-specific 11.4.1 and 4C4 F(ab')2 MAbs. In group A, 7 patients had true positive scans. There were also 3 false negative scans, due to problems related to proper iodination at the beginning of this study. In group B there were 4 true positive scans, 4 true negative, I false positive and I false negative. In group C there were 4 true negative scans. In one patient the radiolabelled antibody was arrested in the middle of the arm, because of lymphatic obstruction. In group D, there were 3 false negative scans with 11.4.1 antibody and 3 false negative scans with 4C4 F(ab')2 MAb. The results of immunoscintigraphy were in accordance with the histopathology and immunoperoxidase staining findings. These results indicate that this non-invasive approach can accurately detect metastatic involvement in the axillary lymph nodes and can be used for the diagnosis and staging of breast cancer. PMID- 3209307 TI - Problems and prospects in the use of lymphoma idiotypes as therapeutic targets. AB - The infusion of anti-idiotypic antibody in patients with lymphoma has proved a relatively innocuous procedure, but in general had yielded only partial, short lived remissions of disease. A major problem is that xenogeneic antibody is simply not well-fitted to destroying mammalian cells: complement and cellular effectors (K cells and phagocytes) are not efficiently recruited, and the target cells in any case present some excellent defense mechanisms. Antigenic modulation is particularly prominent among these defenses, and we present evidence here for modulation of idiotype being much more efficient in vivo than in vitro. Two broad types of antibody derivative are under development to improve the killing of neoplastic targets. One type relies on recruiting natural effectors, and is exemplified by univalent chimeric antibody. The other relies on delivering an exogenous effector such as a drug or toxin, and is exemplified by bispecific anti Id/anti-saporin F(ab'gamma)2 antibody. Both types of derivative have been able to suppress animal lymphoma to the extent that tumor escape occurs largely through the emergence of idiotype-negative mutants. PMID- 3209308 TI - Treatment of B cell malignancies with 131I Lym-1 monoclonal antibodies. AB - Lym-I is a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody (MAb) that is B-cell specific but has greater avidity for malignant B cells when compared with normal B lymphocytes. It was originally produced by immunizing mice with nuclei of cultured cells from a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma. Ten patients with progressive refractory B-cell malignancies were treated with 131I-labelled Lym-I. Treatment with 131I Lym-I produced complete or partial remissions in 4 patients. Toxicity did not occur or was mild in most patients. The only significant complications included two instances of fistula secondary to necrotic lymphoma and one instance of hypotension. Human antimouse antibodies occurred in only 2 patients after multiple injections of Lym-I antibody. This experience was in contrast to treatment of B-cell malignancies with unconjugated Lym-I alone. Unconjugated Lym I also caused no significant toxicity but was less effective than 131I Lym-I. PMID- 3209309 TI - Jurisprudence and the appropriation of the psychoanalytic: a study in ideology and form. PMID- 3209310 TI - Legal aspects of voluntary psychiatric hospitalization. PMID- 3209312 TI - Mothers and their innocent boys: a never ending fantasy. An exploration of the mother discourse in forensic psychiatry. PMID- 3209311 TI - Protecting the entitlements of the mentally disabled: the SSDI/SSI legal battles of the 1980s. PMID- 3209313 TI - Grounds for involuntary hospitalization according to the opinion of Norwegian psychiatrists. PMID- 3209315 TI - Patient questionnaires in atopic dermatitis. AB - An allergy questionnaire, directed to people suffering with atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma or hay fever was analysed in 81 people (44 men, 37 women), proved to be less important for patients with atopic dermatitis than for those with bronchial asthma and hay fever. PMID- 3209314 TI - Crime, inpatient admissions, and violence among male mental patients. PMID- 3209316 TI - Cutaneous mast cell quantity in pruritic and nonpruritic hemodialysis patients. AB - Pruritus remains a significant complication of end-stage renal disease. Its cause in hemodialysis patients is not known. It has been postulated that increased numbers of mast cells occur in these patients and may account for the presence of pruritus. Our objective was to determine if there is a difference in the number of cutaneous mast cells between pruritic and nonpruritic patients. A 3-mm punch biopsy specimen was obtained from pruritic (n = 7) and nonpruritic (n = 6) hemodialysis patients. We observed no significant difference in the quantity of cutaneous mast cells in pruritic and nonpruritic hemodialysis patients. We conclude that the etiology of pruritus in hemodialysis patients is not related to an increase in the number of cutaneous mast cells. PMID- 3209317 TI - Fibroblasts in dermal tissue repair. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study. AB - The cellular dynamics of dermal regeneration were studied in nonsutured cutaneous wounds of female pigs and monkeys with electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate the origin and the development of fibroblasts forming granulation tissue. The results indicate that fibroblasts do not originate from histiocytes but from resting fibroblasts in the wound margins. These resting fibroblasts first become undifferentiated mesenchymal cells termed "X" cells. The "X" cells then multiply, migrate, and invade the wound defect in approximately 3 days, transforming into highly active fibroblasts. The active fibroblasts are endowed with the capacity of further transformation to fibroclasts and myofibroblasts. The latter two cell populations then effectively cause remodeling of newly formed tissue and contraction of wound margins. PMID- 3209318 TI - Hyperpigmentation in megaloblastic anemia. AB - Hyperpigmentation of the hands and feet developed in a 65-year-old Korean woman who had undergone a total gastrectomy and esophagojejunostomy due to early gastric cancer 7 years previously. A diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency was made. In the areas of pigmentation, there were abnormally large nuclei in the keratinocytes. All of these findings were reversible upon the administration of vitamin B12. Ultrastructurally, there were many intracytoplasmic desmosomes, numerous aggregated bundles of tonofilaments, and highly condensed keratohyalin granules. The pathophysiologic mechanism of vitamin B12 deficiency associated with pigmentary disturbances and change of nuclear size is discussed. PMID- 3209319 TI - Granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, and diabetic disease. AB - One hundred sixteen patients with granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica were studied. The relationship of these two disorders with diabetes mellitus suggests that atypical granuloma annulare could be linked to necrobiosis lipoidica, toward which it progresses. PMID- 3209320 TI - The course and prognosis of pemphigus. A review of 115 patients. AB - A survey of 115 pemphigus patients who have been followed for 4-24 years was carried out in an attempt to analyze the possible factors influencing the course and prognosis of the disease. At the time of the study, 45 patients were in complete remission, 45 still had lesions, and 25 had died. In 12 cases, the death occurred from causes related to the disease or consequences of treatment. The comprehensive statistical analysis revealed that a good prognosis may be expected for patients who, in the initial stage of the disease, show involvement of the skin only (p less than 0.05) and when systemic steroid therapy is instituted within half a year of appearance of the disease (p less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in the rate of recovery and mortality between the different groups of patients in regard to the initial dose of prednisone. A daily dose of 120 mg of prednisone was sufficient to control the lesions in most of the severe cases and less contributory to death in comparison with previous studies. PMID- 3209321 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis. A report of five patients. AB - Five patients with necrotizing fasciitis are reported. Streptococci were isolated in all but one patient, in whom Staphylococcus albus was responsible. Other organisms were also isolated in culture. Surgical debridement and skin grafting were needed in all our patients, in addition to systemic antibiotics and topical treatment, comprising Eusol paraffin soaks. One patient developed this condition after a skin biopsy; another had chronic venous leg ulcer. There was no predisposing cause in the remaining three patients. PMID- 3209323 TI - Rothmund-Thomson syndrome with calcinosis universalis. PMID- 3209322 TI - Zosteriform porokeratosis of Mibelli. PMID- 3209324 TI - Psoriasis treatment with RePUVA in the United Arab Emirates. AB - Twenty-one patients with severe psoriasis involving more than 40% of the body surface were included in the first controlled study of RePUVA therapy in the United Arab Emirates. The control group was given PUVA only. In the RePUVA group, PUVA was started with the retinoids (not following the retinoids by 2 weeks as is usually done in the standard RePUVA therapy) and then was gradually increased, so it was possible to give 4 j/cm2 by the beginning of the third week. Administration of PUVA in this way would save the time needed to reach an effective PUVA dose if the latter is started 2 weeks following oral retinoids. PMID- 3209325 TI - Use of surveillance systems for occupational cancer: data from the Danish National system. AB - In Denmark the 1970-census population has been followed up for deaths, emigrations, and cancer cases during the ten-year period 1970-80. The linked register allows tabulation of cancer incidence by occupation, however no information is available on specific exposures. It is therefore an indication of the validity of the register that classic associations known from in-depth epidemiological studies are found also in the register. Examples are cancer of the lip in farmers, RR = 1.85, and fishermen, RR = 3.17; and cancer of the nasal cavities and sinuses in skilled furniture makers, RR = 12.25. The register may serve as a library for further elucidation of newly reported associations. Examples, of such associations confirmed in the Danish data, are an excess risk of colon cancer among males with sedentary work, RR = 1.38; and an excess risk of bladder cancer in hairdressers, RR = 2.05. An unconfirmed example is an excess risk of malignant melanoma in the printing industry, where the Danish data show an RR of 0.95. A systematic tabulation of each cancer diagnosis across detailed occupational groups may lead to identification of previously unknown associations. This procedure is illustrated using cancer of the pharynx as an example. Painters were identified as having an excess risk of pharyngeal cancer (RR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.1-4.2). PMID- 3209326 TI - A case-control study of cervical cytology before diagnosis of cervical cancer in Denmark. AB - The number of previous vaginal smear examinations in 428 patients who developed invasive cancer of the cervix was compared with previous screening in age- and area-matched controls. The average age was 53 years. There was a highly significant difference in the numbers who had never undergone screening, ie 55% of the cancer patients and 33% of the controls. Equally there was a highly significant difference between cases and controls in the number examined according to recommended guidelines for prophylactic examination. It was shown that about 40% of the cytological tests were done for gynaecological reasons, and it is probable that the number of false negatives among the cases was not negligible. Despite this, however, regular screening reduced the relative risk of cancer to about 0.25, compared with those never examined. When only symptomless patients were considered in the assessment of regular screening, the relative risk was reduced to 0.15 in patients screened every three years. Even the group which was screened more than five years previously had a relative reduction in risk to 0.67, compared with those never screened. It is concluded that PAP-smears are important in the prevention of cancer of the cervix. The greatest need is to eliminate the group which is never examined. An increase in the number of screenings has only a marginal benefit. PMID- 3209327 TI - Increased risk of cancer in siblings of Alaskan native patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AB - Alaskan Natives (Eskimos, Indians, Aleuts) are at increased risk of developing nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and there is family clustering of NPC. This study reviewed the total cancer experience of relatives of NPC patients and found that siblings of Eskimo NPC patients had a nearly threefold risk. No cancer family syndrome was identified and the cancers diagnosed in the siblings were similar to those seen in the general Alaskan Eskimo population. PMID- 3209328 TI - Family history of autoimmune disorders and cancer in multiple myeloma. AB - To explore genetic mechanisms that might underlie the relation observed between multiple myeloma and rheumatoid arthritis, we examined the occurrence of autoimmune disorders in first-degree relatives of myeloma cases and controls. There was a significant excess of rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.0 13.1) among the relatives of cases compared with controls, as well as an increased occurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus and pernicious anaemia. An excess of certain cancers was also observed among family members, including leukaemia and cancers of the breast, endometrium, and oral cavity and pharynx, but none of the excesses were significant. These findings deserve further evaluation in larger population-based studies. PMID- 3209329 TI - Mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Greenland. AB - Mortality 1968-83 from Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) and Cerebrovascular Disease (CD) was studied in native Greenlanders. Mortality from IHD was lower in Greenland than in Denmark for both males and females and especially low in Greenlandic settlements. IHD mortality decreased during the period. Mortality from CD was higher in Greenland than in Denmark with no certain time trend. Living conditions, of which a high intake of seafood may be a key factor, and/or a genetic predisposition seem to protect Greenlanders from IHD and to predispose them to CD. PMID- 3209330 TI - Cardiovascular risk factor distribution above the age of 75 years in a Belgian community. AB - An elderly Belgian population group anno 1986 consisting of 53 men and 110 women above the age of 75 years with a mean age of 80 and 81 years, respectively, is characterized by relative obesity and low diastolic blood pressure, both in men and women. The SBP/DBP ratio is 1.91 in men and 1.88 in women. HDL-cholesterol levels are relatively high in men. Women still have slightly higher HDL cholesterol levels than men, the difference between women and men being 3.4 mg/dl. In both sexes HDL-cholesterol correlates negatively with body weight. The 24-hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio is 2.9 in men and 2.5 in women. Factors significantly related to diastolic blood pressure in a multiple regression analysis included being on a low-salt diet, the level of 24-hour urinary potassium excretion and of 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion in men, and body weight, heart rate and the level of 24-hour urinary calcium excretion in women. It may be concluded that significant differences exist between the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in older compared to middle-aged subjects. PMID- 3209331 TI - Validity of claims to lifelong non-smoking at age 36 in a longitudinal study. AB - Consistency of self-reported cigarette smoking habits was investigated in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, using data collected at ages 20, 25, 31 and 36 years. Of those claiming to be lifelong non-smokers at age 36, 7.9% had previously reported smoking at least one cigarette a day. Those cohort members with inconsistent records had smoked fewer cigarettes and were less likely to inhale than cohort members who smoked at age 36, and had started smoking later. Re-analysis of data collected by Friedman et al suggested that the effect of misclassification of ex-smokers was to reduce the relative risk of death from all causes, for men and women aged 35-54 years, by a factor of 5%. It is suggested that in future studies, those claiming to be lifelong non-smokers should be questioned about their habits in late adolescence and early adulthood. PMID- 3209332 TI - Predicting abstainers in a smoking cessation programme administered by general practitioners. AB - Pre-treatment characteristics which predicted successful outcome in one hundred cigarette smokers participating in a general practitioner administered smoking cessation programme were identified. Successful outcome was assessed using three types of criteria: quit smoking by the end of treatment, remained abstinent for six months and remained abstinent for three years. Seventeen pre-treatment variables predicted immediate response to treatment, but this decreased to six variables for six months sustained abstinence and to only one variable (smoking when ill in bed) for three years sustained abstinence. Low cigarette dependence, no smoking related health problems, and a non-smoking social environment characterized subjects most likely to have stopped smoking at the end of treatment and to have remained abstinent for six months. PMID- 3209333 TI - Epidemiological study of tobacco smoking behaviour among adults in a rural community of the hill region of Nepal with special reference to attitude and beliefs. AB - This study, designed to examine adult smoking behaviour, attitudes and norms was carried out in the hill villages of Alapot and Bhadrabas, Nepal, using the WHO standardized survey questionnaire. Some 1506 adults were interviewed. The overall prevalence of daily smokers is 73.7%. The majority of people, though aware of hazards of smoking, are not concerned with its possible effects on their own or other people's health. More males than females endorse public action against smoking. Both the endorsement of public action against smoking and awareness of social norms discouraging smoking increase with educational attainment. The motives for not smoking and endorsement of public actions against smoking have been ranked. Based on these findings strategies for a national smoking control programme have been recommended. PMID- 3209334 TI - A community case-control study of alcohol consumption in stroke. AB - This study examines the hypothesis that there may be a clinically important association between alcohol intake and stroke. Alcohol consumption and the haematological and biochemical markers of alcohol intake were studied in hospital admissions for stroke and compared with community based control subjects from an occupational screening survey. In males, moderate to heavy alcohol consumption (greater than 30 units per week) was associated with an increased relative risk of stroke. Light drinking (less than 30 units per week) was associated with reduced relative risk when compared to teetotallers. The relative risk of stroke in moderate and heavy consumers of alcohol compared with teetotallers was elevated 1.8 times. Similar patterns of risk were present for increasing levels of aspartate transaminase and uric acid. Relative risk was increased for all levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase above the lowest. There was a decrease in relative risk associated with increasing levels of mean erythrocyte cell volume though this did not achieve statistical significance. There were few heavy drinkers among the female cases or controls. We conclude that high alcohol intake may be a significant preventable risk factor particularly among male strokes. PMID- 3209335 TI - Multivariate analysis of dietary patterns in 939 Swiss adults: sociodemographic parameters and alcohol consumption profiles. AB - A dietary survey of 939 Swiss adults, randomly selected from the population of Geneva and its surrounding communities, was performed according to the history method. A factor analysis, using average weekly intakes for 33 food variables, reveals three principal components of the diet: satiating capacity, healthfulness and culinary complexity. These characteristics, together with the energy content of the diet, were analysed for differences according to sex, age, relative weight index, birthplace, marital status and occupation. All of these sociodemographic variables influence some dimension of dietary habits. Alcohol consumption is positively associated with satiating, protein rich diets, but energy intake from foods does not significantly differ between various groups of abstainers and drinkers. Although the energy contribution of alcoholic beverages is globally additive, we suggest that cultural and societal norms may modulate the relationship of alcohol and diet. PMID- 3209336 TI - Nationwide data base on medically diagnosed spontaneous abortions in Finland. AB - The content and technical quality of the Finnish data base on medically diagnosed spontaneous abortions, retrieved from hospital discharges and polyclinic records, are described. The validity and suitability of the data for epidemiological studies is also evaluated. The rate was 8.9 in 1973-83 and it increased from 7.8 to 10.2 during the study period. The rates are at the same level as the ones obtained in other register-based studies, and slightly lower than those of the interview studies. A comparison of self-reported spontaneous abortions to those in our data base showed that 20% of all the abortions reported by the nurses, and 17% of those by the solvent-exposed women, were not found in the hospital register. About half of these are likely to be due to erroneous personal identification codes in the records of the patients. The absence of a spontaneous abortion was related to the length of gestation, with early abortions more often missing. Women in different occupational groups confirmed spontaneous abortions retrieved from our data base to a different degree: nurses in 91% of the cases, whereas industrial workers in only about 79% of the cases. Confirmation was also related to time elapsed since abortion. As the nationwide data base on medically diagnosed spontaneous abortions provides data, independent of an individual's own definition, recognition and reporting, it is a powerful tool in retrospective reproductive studies. Its limitations regarding early abortions need to be recognized, however. PMID- 3209337 TI - Regional differences in maternal mortality in Greece, 1973-1982. AB - Maternal mortality in the ten regions of Greece during the period 1973-82 is examined. In Greece as a whole, maternal mortality declined from 27.2 per 100,000 livebirths in 1973, to 12.0 in 1982. During these ten years, the age standardized maternal mortality ratios (SMRs) of two regions was significantly raised, Thrace (SMR = 295, 95% CL = 187-443) and the Aegean Islands (SMR = 197, 95% CL = 117 311). Greater Athens was the only region with significantly reduced maternal mortality (SMR = 77, 95% CL = 59-99). In two regions, Thrace and Epirus, maternal mortality increased during the ten years studied. To explore the possible reasons for the observed geographical differences in maternal mortality, data on three sociodemographic and three obstetric service indicators are presented. Regions with the highest proportion of hospital births had the lowest SMRs (p less than 0.05); and it is suggested that cultural factors in the case of Thrace, mainly emanating from the Muslim minority living in this region, and topographical factors, in the case of the Aegean Islands and Epirus, may have influenced maternal mortality by adversely affecting maternity service usage and availability. PMID- 3209338 TI - Birthweight and socioeconomic status: a study in Kigali, Rwanda. AB - Data were collected on 6709 singleton livebirths occurring in the hospital of Kigali, Rwanda. An analysis of birthweights was carried out by socioeconomic status, parity and age of the mother. The mean birthweight was highest in the high socioeconomic group. An effect of maternal age and parity on birthweight was observed. Because of the strong association between socioeconomic status and birthweight, the incidence of low birthweight can be used as an indicator of socioeconomic development. PMID- 3209339 TI - Weather and occurrence of eclampsia. AB - The authors performed a population-based case-control study of the association between weather and occurrence of eclampsia in Washington State. Women who were recorded as having eclampsia on Washington birth certificates from 1980 to 1983 were compared to a random sample of all women who gave birth during those years. For each woman studied, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather data were used to determine the temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind speed on the date of birth at the station nearest the hospital of birth. Categorical analysis revealed that eclampsia was not associated with low temperature, high relative humidity, precipitation, or high wind speed. These results were unchanged after adjustment for race, parity, maternal age, and late initiation of prenatal care. These results do not support an association between eclampsia and weather on the date of delivery in this population. PMID- 3209340 TI - Chemical quality of maternal drinking water and congenital heart disease. AB - We undertook a case-control study to investigate the association between chemicals in maternal drinking water consumed during pregnancy and congenital heart disease in the offspring. Two hundred and seventy affected children and 665 healthy children were enrolled in the study. Information on contaminant levels in maternal drinking water was available from records of routine water analysis of samples taken from public taps in the communities where the mothers resided during pregnancy. Mothers provided information during a telephone interview on their health, pregnancy management, and demographic characteristics. Nine inorganic metals were analysed for detection of an association with congenital heart disease. The chemical exposures of particular interest were arsenic, lead, mercury and selenium. None of the chemicals was associated materially with an increase in the frequency of congenital heart disease overall. Arsenic exposure at any detectable level was associated with a threefold increase in occurrence of coarctation of the aorta (prevalence odds ratio = 3.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-8.9). Detectable traces of selenium in drinking water were associated with a lower frequency of any congenital heart disease than was observed among children exposed to drinking water not containing detectable levels of selenium (prevalence odds ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence limits = 0.40-0.97). A dose response effect was observed over four levels of selenium exposure. Non differential errors in the measurement and classification of exposure to contaminants routinely monitored in drinking water could account for lack of positive findings. In addition, most of the contaminant levels were below the maximum levels set by the Environmental Protection Agency, so that lack of evidence of effect may have been due to the low exposure levels in this population. PMID- 3209341 TI - Vasectomy and health: cardiovascular and other diseases following vasectomy in Sichuan province, People's Republic of China. AB - The long-term sequelae of vasectomy were studied in a retrospective cohort study of 4596 vasectomized and 4340 nonvasectomized farmers from eight rural communes in Sichuan, People's Republic of China. The mean duration since the operation was 14.5 years with a range of 10 to 25 years. At the time of evaluation the vasectomized men were generally healthier than the non-vasectomized for a wide range of health indicators including clinical signs of cardiovascular disease, resting ECG changes, positive ECG changes following a maximal stress test, or fundus abnormalities. The lack of association between vasectomy and cardiovascular disease noted in Europe and the USA is supported by the present study conducted in a population with a low prevalence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors. PMID- 3209342 TI - Secular trends of infectious disease mortality in The Netherlands, 1911-1978: quantitative estimates of changes coinciding with the introduction of antibiotics. AB - Secular trends of mortality from 21 infectious diseases in the Netherlands were studied by inspection of age/sex-standardized mortality curves and by log-linear regression analysis. An attempt was made to obtain quantitative estimates for changes coinciding with the introduction of antibiotics. Two possible types of effect were considered: a sharp reduction of mortality at the moment of the introduction of antibiotics, and a longer lasting (acceleration of) mortality decline after the introduction. Changes resembling the first type of effect were possibly present for many infectious diseases, but were difficult to measure exactly, due to late effects on mortality of World War II. Changes resembling the second type of effect were present in 16 infectious diseases and were sometimes quite large. For example, estimated differences in per cent per annum mortality change were 10% or larger for puerperal fever, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, erysipelas, otitis media, tuberculosis, and bacillary dysentery. No acceleration of mortality decline after the introduction of antibiotics was present in mortality from 'all other diseases'. Although the exact contribution of antibiotics to the observed changes cannot be inferred from this time trend analysis, the quantitative estimates of the changes show that even a partial contribution would represent a substantial effect of antibiotics on mortality from infectious diseases in the Netherlands. PMID- 3209343 TI - Evaluation of the effectiveness of BCG vaccination using the case-control method in Buenos Aires, Argentina. AB - A retrospective case-control study was conducted in Argentina to determine the protection conferred by BCG vaccination against tuberculosis in children under six years of age, in an area where coverage is about 55%. A total of 175 tuberculosis patients were included. Five controls selected from patients treated at the same hospital as those under study for reasons other than tuberculosis were matched to each case on the basis of age, socioeconomic origin, nutritional status and place of residence. Information on BCG vaccination status was collected by an independent examiner. Tuberculosis localizations were as follows: 152 pulmonary, pleural and/or miliary; 18 meningitis; 2 lymphadenitis; 2 osteoarticular; and 1 otic. The diagnosis was based on bacteriological and histopathological tests, computerized tomography, radiology, clinical examination, endoscopy, and proved source of infection. The protective effect of BCG among those who were vaccinated was 73.0% with 95% confidence limits of 82% and 62%. According to these results BCG vaccination given early in life is very effective in preventing tuberculosis. PMID- 3209344 TI - Water supply, sanitation and housing in relation to the risk of infant mortality from diarrhoea. AB - In a population-based case-control study in the metropolitan areas of Porto Alegre and Pelotas in southern Brazil children dying in infancy from diarrhoea were compared to neighbourhood controls in terms of several social and environmental variables. Factors found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of death from diarrhoea included the non-availability of piped water, the absence of a flush toilet, residence in a poorly built house and household overcrowding. When adjustment was made for confounding variables and the mutual confounding effect of the environmental variables on each other, the only association that remained statistically significant was that with the availability of piped water. The association with poor housing was almost significant (p = 0.052). Compared to those with water piped to their house, those without easy access to piped water were found to be 4.8 times more likely to suffer infant death from diarrhoea (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 13.8) and those with water piped to their plot but not to their house had a 1.5 times greater risk (95% confidence interval 0.8 to 3.0). PMID- 3209345 TI - Use and safety of home-made oral rehydration solutions: an epidemiological evaluation from Bangladesh. AB - Home-made oral rehydration solutions (ORS) have been promoted in developing countries for preventing dehydration due to diarrhoea. Evaluations of this method must take into account the effective usage rates achieved and the safety of the solutions used. A community programme organized by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) has visited over a third of all the households in Bangladesh and taught the preparation and use of an oral rehydration solution made from lobon (common salt) and gur (unrefined sugar)--abbreviated to LGS. An evaluation study based on over 7000 households enabled different usage rates to be calculated for four different diarrhoea types. The overall usage of LGS for all diarrhoea episodes was around 5-10% but for what the people called 'Severe Diarrhoeas' or cholera it was found to be between 25% and 52%. The mother's ability to prepare a safe Lobon-gur solution appeared to deteriorate about six months after training and it was significantly poorer in the Second Phase than the First Phase of the BRAC programme. PMID- 3209346 TI - Estimating the potential disease rate reduction under varying conditions of combined effects. AB - The disease rate difference between people exposed and not exposed to some factor is the familiar estimate of attributable risk. When there are two or more causal exposures which demonstrate joint effects and are independently distributed, partitioning a population's overall rate between factors requires estimates of the marginal distributions of exposures and the independent (unconditional) and combined rate ratios for each exposure factor. The net potential reduction in the overall disease rate resulting from elimination of one of the exposures depends on these parameters and on the model of combined effect assumed, additive, multiplicative or some departure therefrom. In this paper the authors illustrate the extent to which the assumed model of combined effect of exposures determines which parameters need to be specified to estimate disease rate reductions. The concepts presented are demonstrated algebraically and with simulated hypothetical data. An application of the method is given with data from a case-control study of smoking, asbestos exposure and lung cancer. PMID- 3209347 TI - An assessment of the use of Bayes' Theorem for forecasting in public health: the case of epidemic meningitis in China. AB - A mathematical model based upon Bayes' Theorem (BT) was used to forecast the occurrence of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (ECM) in ten communities in North China. Reports of ECM from each ten-day period during the meningitis season and records of special population movement during 1960-82 were analysed to establish forecast models. Calibration, split-sample, random-sample selection, as well as actual forecast tests, were used to check the efficiency of the models. For all the tests, the theoretical occurrence of ECM forecast by the BT method was compared with the observational data. Since the BT method offers efficiency and convenience, it is recommended for use in planning for the prevention and control of ECM in China. PMID- 3209348 TI - Dietary iodine deficiency and breast cancer mortality: an ecological study. PMID- 3209349 TI - Sex differences in neonatal survival. Relationship to birthweight and gestational age. PMID- 3209350 TI - Accuracy of maternal recall of birthweights of adolescent children. PMID- 3209351 TI - Amino acid side chain parameters for correlation studies in biology and pharmacology. AB - Fifteen physicochemical descriptors of side chains of the 20 natural and of 26 non-coded amino acids are compiled and simple methods for their evaluation described. The relevance of these parameters to account for hydrophobic, steric, and electric properties of the side chains is assessed and their intercorrelation analyzed. It is shown that three principal components, one steric, one bulk, and one electric (electronic), account for 66% of the total variance in the available set. These parameters may prove to be useful for correlation studies in series of bioactive peptide analogues. PMID- 3209352 TI - Protein conformational changes induced by guanidine at predenaturational concentrations. AB - The nature of the molecular event that apomyoglobin undergoes at predenaturational concentrations of guanidine has been investigated by means of steady-state and multifrequency phase and modulation fluorometry. The results have been compared to those observed for liver alcohol dehydrogenase. From these studies has been hypothesized a different susceptibility of the distinct elements of secondary, super-secondary, and tertiary structure towards the denaturing action of guanidine at predenaturational concentrations. PMID- 3209353 TI - 9-Acridinylpeptides and 9-acridinyl-4-nitrophenylsulfonylpeptides. Synthesis, binding to DNA, and photoinduced DNA cleavage. AB - The preparation of 6-(9-acridinylamino)hexanoic acid DHBT ester and N alpha-Fmoc N epsilon-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)-L-lysine DHBT ester and their application in solid phase peptide synthesis are described. The 9-acridinylamino ligand was shown to confer high DNA affinity, probably by intercalation, to the resulting peptides. The 4-nitrophenylsulfamido ligand furthermore resulted in "photonuclease" activity of some of the modified peptides. PMID- 3209354 TI - Structural stability of beta-lactoglobulin in the presence of kosmotropic salts. A kinetic and thermodynamic study. AB - The thiol group of beta-lactoglobulin reacted very sluggishly with dithio-bis nitro-benzoic acid as compared to that of glutathione at pH 6.85. The pKapp value of the thiol group of the protein was 9.35. In the presence of 3 M urea, the thiol group reacted completely with dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid at pH 6.85. Heating (from 50 degrees to 80 degrees) increased the exposure of the thiol by dissociating the dimer unit. From the pseudo-first order rate constants of heat exposure of thiol, thermodynamic activation parameters, delta G++, delta H++, and delta S++, for the heat-dissociation of beta-lactoglobulin dimer were estimated to be 23,290 cal/mol, 31,160 cal/mol, and 22.9 e.u. (at 70 degrees), respectively. Addition of kosmotropic salts, chloride, tartrate, sulfate, phosphate, and citrate (0.2 M) decreased the heat-induced exposure of the thiol group (at 70 degrees), probably by decreasing the dissociation of the dimer at pH 6.85. The relative change in free energy of activation for the dissociation of the dimer, delta(delta G++dimer), in the presence of the salts was positive, suggesting that these additives increase the stability of the dimer against heat. These salts also increased the conformational stability of beta-lactoglobulin as revealed by an increase in -delta(delta G0conf) values in their presence. Both delta(delta G++dimer) and -delta(delta G0conf) values followed the order, chloride less than tartrate less than sulfate less than phosphate less than citrate. These salts seem to manifest their structure-stabilizing effect by increasing both inter- and intramolecular hydrophobic interactions via changes in structure of water. PMID- 3209355 TI - Interaction of basic extension peptide fragments of adrenodoxin precursor with phospholipid vesicles. AB - Two extension peptide fragments PA1-4 and PA17-32, which correspond to the residues 1-14 and 17-32, respectively, of adrenodoxin precursor, were synthesized by the solution method to find a sequence necessary for the import of the precursor into mitochondria. Biological assay showed that PA1-14 inhibited the import of two mitochondrial enzyme precursors, but PA17-32 showed no inhibition, indicating that the N-terminal sequence has important information for import. CD spectra of the peptides demonstrated that PA1-14 formed alpha-helical structure in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) containing acidic phospholipid liposomes. Furthermore, PA1-14 induced the moderate leakage of carboxyfluorescein from phospholipid vesicles. The relationship between the structure and function of the peptides is discussed. PMID- 3209356 TI - Noninvasive continuous monitoring of solid-phase peptide synthesis by acid-base indicator. PMID- 3209357 TI - Gaining access to school for the child with a tracheostomy. AB - Admission to school for a child with a tracheostomy can present numerous problems. Reasons cited by school authorities for denying access to school for these children include liability issues, financial constraints, inadequately trained health personnel in the schools, logistic problems, and the fears of school staff. Attempting to exclude children with tracheostomies from school is discriminatory and illegal. At the Children's Hospital National Medical Center a model program was developed to resolve conflicts and facilitate the assimilation of the child with a tracheostomy into the school system. PMID- 3209358 TI - Peritonsillar abscess in children and its indication for tonsillectomy. AB - 38 children aged 1-15 years treated for peritonsillar abscess (PTA) between 1976 and 1986 have been reviewed. The patients were divided into those with a history of recurrent tonsillitis prior to developing PTA (T+) (10 patients = 26.3%) and those without such history (T-) (28 patients = 73.4%). 19 patients were surgically drained, 2 abscesses ruptured spontaneously, 2 patients were treated by repeated needle aspirations and 15 patients were treated by medication only. Neither the pre-PTA history (T+ versus T-) nor the mode of treatment during the acute event showed any significant differences in comparing the recurrency rate of PTA or tonsillitis. Therefore, it seems that a single event of PTA among pediatric population should not be considered an indication for tonsillectomy. PMID- 3209359 TI - Serous otitis media (S.O.M.). A bacteriological study of the ear canal and the middle ear. AB - A bacteriological study of the middle-ear effusions and the ear canals in children with chronic serous otitis media (S.O.M.) was performed. Sixty-eight children (127 ears) were investigated. From this study it appeared that cleansing of the ear canal with 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol for 30 s is partially effective; micro-organisms (diptheroids, Staphylococcus epidermidis) could still be isolated in 29%. Cleansing of the ear canal decreases the incidence of middle ear fluid contamination by non-pathogenic ear canal organisms (diptheroids, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aerococcus), but after cleansing, 'non-pathogenic' micro-organisms could still be isolated in 33% of the effusions (diptheroids, Staphylococcus epidermidis). From 12% of the middle-ear effusions pathogenic micro-organisms (Hemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus pneumoniae) were isolated; cleansing of the ear canal did not influence this percentage. Anaerobics were not isolated from the middle-ear effusions. PMID- 3209360 TI - Broken Aboulker stents in the tracheal lumen. AB - Aboulker stents (AS) used in laryngotracheoplasty have yielded good results and few complications. Although the complications are few, a potentially serious complication is fracture of the stent. The Aboulker stent produced in France has been used with increasing frequency. Dr. Robin Cotton reported on a method of modifying the stent so that a metal tracheotomy tube could be inserted and wired to the stent. This method avoids the problem of suprastomal tracheal collapse often encountered with other stenting methods. However, though the method is generally effective, transverse break of the AS has occurred in 5 cases in 3 different institutions. When transverse break of the AS occurs, the airway can be compromised rapidly and removal of the stent can be treacherous. During attempts to remove the stent, any tilt of the distal broken segment can cause immediate complete occlusion of the tracheal airway. In this paper, 3 cases of transverse break of the AS are analyzed, and suggestions for avoiding stent breakage are outlined. PMID- 3209361 TI - Fluctuating hearing losses in children can be migraine equivalents. AB - Fluctuation of hearing thresholds in an already severely to profoundly deaf child constitutes a stressing condition and a therapeutic challenge. Thorough medical inquiries revealed strong histories of migraine headaches in the parents of 13 severely deaf children (mean age: 7 years) and two of them also presented symptoms of migraine. This disease is viewed as a form of a relatively benign cerebral vasospasm causing an intense transitory vasodilatation of the small vessels of the brain and a subsequent sterile inflammatory reaction. Liberation of histamine, serotonin and plasma kinins appear to interfere with the metabolism of nerve cells. All children in our study had suffered from anoxia at birth, a condition related to a depopulation of cochlear brainstem nuclei. Migraines may therefore produce obvious hearing symptoms when vasomotor disturbances occur in already damaged nervous structures. Treatment with propranolol hydrochloride (HCl), a potent beta-blocker, resulted in cessation of hearing fluctuations in all patients and in an improvement of thresholds in two of them. We presented our results, as well as preliminary studies on asphyxiated rats shortly after birth, with transitory artificially induced cerebral vasodilatation. PMID- 3209362 TI - Rhinomanometrical findings after septoplasty in children. AB - 40 children of both sexes, aged 5-12, with deviations or fractures of the nasal septum were tested. These children were selected for septoplasty on the basis of anamnestic data, ENT examination and anterior rhinomanometry with and without anamnestic data. The control group consisted of 15 children, of approx. the same age and sex distribution, with normal nose breathing and rhinomanometrical findings. The operated group underwent clinical and rhinomanometrical examination 3 and 12 months after surgery, and the control group 12 months after the initial examination. Septoplasty was performed under general anaesthesia with locally applied vasoconstrictors. The results showed that rhinomanometrical resistances prior to surgery were significantly higher in all the subjects in the operated group than those in the control group. Rhinomanometrical resistances were lower in 29 operated cases 3 months after septoplasty than before septoplasty, and significantly lower in 32 operated cases 12 months after septoplasty. Rhinomanometrical resistances in the operated group 12 months after surgery were a little higher than those in the control group 12 months after the initial examination. Failures and complications after septoplasty are commented upon, as is their influence on rhinomanometrical resistances. PMID- 3209363 TI - Nasopharyngeal teratoma involving the temporal bone. AB - Teratoma is the most common nasopharyngeal tumor in neonates. The tumor is usually limited to the oropharynx and is manifest by stridor and respiratory distress. Complete excision affects a cure. An unusual case of nasopharyngeal teratoma extending into the temporal bone, causing facial paralysis and conductive hearing loss, in addition to stridor, is presented. Stridor was relieved by transoral partial excision shortly after birth. Complete removal of the tumor by way of a subtemporal and infratemporal fossa approach was performed at 14 months of age. The defect was filled with a rectus abdominis muscle graft with microvascular anastomoses. The facial nerve was reconstructed secondarily with a sural nerve graft. The patient has no recurrence tumor and has good facial function at 30 months. This case demonstrates the first known case of facial paralysis due to nasopharyngeal teratoma. The surgical approach for tumor removal: lateral infratemporal fossa dissection, and the method of reconstruction: free rectus abdominis muscle flap with microvascular anastomoses, had so far not been described in a patient this young. PMID- 3209364 TI - Recurrent tonsillitis and growth in children. AB - Anecdotal observations suggest an association between tonsil disease and growth retardation. This study compared height, weight and skinfold thickness measurements between a group of children (44) suffering from recurrent tonsillitis for a mean duration of 4 years, and a control group (34). No important differences were observed between the groups. Recurrent tonsil infection does not appear to retard the growth of children. PMID- 3209365 TI - Elevation of bone conduction threshold in children with middle ear effusion. AB - A retrospective study of children having otitis media with effusion revealed fluctuations in bone conduction thresholds as well as in air conduction thresholds. Previous investigations in this area presented both low- and high tone bone conduction hearing loss which were reversible. We conducted a detailed study including complete otologic, audiologic and tympanometric evaluation of 27 (41 ears) children who had fluctuating bone conduction hearing loss. From these audiologic examinations, 3 types of bone conduction hearing loss could be classified: high-tone, low-tone and flat-type bone conduction hearing loss. We observed the shift of bone conduction thresholds in children after removal of middle-ear fluids by the appropriate medical management. PMID- 3209366 TI - Statistical and diagnostic adequacy of a short form of the Halstead Category Test. AB - The current study examined the statistical adequacy of shortened versions (SF) of the Halstead Category Test (CT) through several multiple regression analyses (MRA), using a large sample (N = 1012) of neurologically- referred patients to allow for reasonable confidence in the reliability of the findings. The diagnostic accuracy of the psychometrically soundest short form (consisting of subtests 4, 6, and 3) was then compared to that of the long form on a subsample of 590 patients from the first study for whom brain damage had either been medically confirmed or ruled out. Results suggest that a short form may be psychometrically feasible, with little loss in diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 3209367 TI - Movement-related potentials and control of associated movements. AB - Previous studies have shown a relationship of the readiness potential (RP) preceding a motor act to motor control, as indexed by eye movement (EM). Greater EM and, therefore, less motor control was associated with increased positivity in preresponse RP components. It was hypothesized that these positive components may reflect processes involved in the inhibition of extraneous or associated movement during the performance of a motor act, especially in younger subjects with less motor development. We developed a finger lift task for detecting irrelevant associated movements (AM) from the responding hand and the nonresponding contralateral hand. During each target finger lift, small movements of the other nontarget fingers from the target hand and the contralateral hand were considered movements that should have been inhibited. Trials for each subject were divided into two bins: associated movement (AM) trials which had movement of target plus nontarget fingers, and trials with only target finger movement detected (NAM). Difference waveforms indicated a positive-going shift on trials with discrete target finger movements (NAM). Age and RP positivity at ipsilateral and posterior regions were significantly correlated. We suggest that, on trials on which associated movements are successfully inhibited, the negativity of the RP is confounded by an overlapping slow positivity. The positivity may be related to the effort needed to inhibit associated movements in order to perform a sharper and more discrete response. This relationship is a function of motor control and, indirectly, of age. PMID- 3209368 TI - EEG activity during performance of cognitive tasks demanding verbal and/or spatial processing. AB - EEG activity of 8 male volunteers was monopolarly recorded at P3 and P4 during four resting periods and during the performance of three series of cognitive tasks: one verbal, one spatial and one demanding verbal and spatial processing or "mixed" task. Beta, alpha and theta relative power were compared between successful and unsuccessful trials, between start and end of performance interval and among resting periods and tasks. There were no significant differences between successful and unsuccessful trials, nor between start and ending of performance period. The effect of tasks and hemispheres on relative power showed different results for each band: beta was responsive to hemispheres while alpha and theta were sensitive to tasks; beta relative power was significantly higher in the left parietal and the same pattern of asymmetry was maintained during the three series of tasks; alpha relative power decreased and theta increased significantly during the three series of tasks regardless of their cognitive nature as compared to baseline. PMID- 3209369 TI - A modified, event-related potential-based guilty knowledge test. AB - Subjects chose and pretended to steal one object from a box of nine. They then watched a visual display of verbal representations of objects including their chosen object or one of eight novel objects on each trial. They were told to count one of the novel objects and that although they were welcome to try to beat our test, they would be unable to avoid noticing the chosen object. P3 responses were obtained only to counted and to chosen objects in 7 of 10 subjects not eliminated for artifact or noncooperation. PMID- 3209370 TI - Functional properties of presumed dopamine-containing and other ventral tegmental area neurons in conscious rats. AB - To elucidate the functional significance of mesolimbocortical dopamine (DA) containing neurons in animal adaptive activity, the properties of single units in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and adjacent regions of the midbrain were studied in conscious rats with strictly fixed skull. Analysis of spontaneous firing activity, its changes during polymodal activating and aversive stimulations and their interrelations was performed in electrophysiologically-identified presumed DA-containing (D-type, 48 cells) and other (A-B and C-type, 47 and 29 cells accordingly) neurons found in this brain area. A common feature of all cells was the dependence of their discharge changes on the biological significance of the stimulation used and the strong correlation between these firing changes and stimulation-induced or spontaneous movement activity and blood pressure oscillations. Moreover, a significant correlation between the rate of firing and its dispersion and constancy of directions of neuronal changes during experimental stimulation in single cells were found. Presumed DA-containing neurons of D-type had a high variability of all properties and heterogeneity in the pattern of their discharges and in direction changes (prevalent activations). In presumed acetylcholine (ACh)-containing A-B type cells strong tonic-like activations and in presumed GABA- or ACh-containing interneurons of C-type depressions of firing both correlated with animal movement activity were found. Present data were discussed in relation with mediator specifity of studied cells and the differences of their participation in avoidance behavior forming in aversive environment. PMID- 3209371 TI - Response variability as a predictor of skin temperature biofeedback performance. AB - The purpose of the present study was to compare the power of three subject variables as predictors of performance in a skin temperature biofeedback task. Data from three related experiments (N = 52) designed to train digital skin temperature increases in four sessions were pooled. Three measures (mean skin temperature, standard deviation and standard error of estimate), derived from a prefeedback instructional control session, were correlated with three criteria derived from training sessions (temperature change in the first, last and mean of training sessions). There were significant correlations with standard error of estimate, the largest with the mean change measure, accounting for 14% of temperature variance. The findings are consistent with an operant conditioning model of biofeedback learning, and have implications for more optimal training methods and experimental designs based on assessment of the standard error of estimate. PMID- 3209372 TI - Performance of schizophrenic patients on putative neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe function. AB - Though individual tests thought to assess frontal lobe function have been administered to patients with schizophrenia for many years, approaches in which a number of tests thought to tap a single function or brain region have rarely been used. Such an approach might define a critical test or a common dysfunctional cognitive process. In the present study four putative neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe integrity, namely, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Category Test, Trail Making B, and verbal fluency, were administered to 28 patients with schizophrenia. Seventy-five percent performed abnormally on at least one test. However, relationships among the test results were difficult to characterize, either by correlation or factor analysis. A hierarchical arrangement in which "higher order" tests proscribe performance on "lower order" tests did not appear to be present. Regarding sensitivity, Trails B, the only timed test, was most frequently impaired and verbal fluency was least frequently impaired. The results suggest that the tests assess somewhat different aspects of frontal lobe function, and that no single frontal lobe test is uniquely sensitive to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. PMID- 3209373 TI - On the cerebral localization of constructional apraxia. AB - Twenty patients with constructional apraxia, their only neuropsychological impairment, were examined. On the basis of CT-findings it could be shown that the syndrome is very close connected with lesions of the right hemisphere of the brain (parietal brain-cortical and subcortical-and parieto-occipital border areas). PMID- 3209374 TI - Disparity acceleration effects in stereoscopy and their importance for theoretical neurology. AB - Stereoscopic perceptions have a special significance for brain modeling, because they require a special form of cortical integration for their appearance. We have newly observed, along ridges of very high stereoscopic disparity accelerations, narrow bands of exaggerated visual depth. These observations signal the importance of local excitation accelerations for future models of brain functions. Some key parameters of disparity acceleration bands are identified and their effects measured. PMID- 3209375 TI - Hemispatial-limb hypometria. AB - Patients with unilateral cerebral stroke and healthy controls were studied for limb and hemispatial hypometria. Subjects were required to reproduce lateral and medial horizontal displacements of each arm, with their eyes closed. Patients exhibited significant hypometria when moving toward hemispace contralateral to the lesion, and also when moving the limb contralateral to the lesion. Possible mechanisms for the hemispatial-limb hypometria are discussed. PMID- 3209376 TI - The distribution of the Geschwind scores to familial left-handedness. AB - The principal objective of this work was to study the influence of the familial sinistrality (FS) on the distribution of the hand preference in males and females. The hand preference was assessed by the Oldfield's questionaire. The distributions of the Geschwind scores were compared in the subjects without and with FS. The strong right-handedness was reduced; the strong left-handedness was accentuated under the influence of FS. This left shift in the hand preference presumably inherited by a left shift factor was more pronounced in males than females. It was tentatively suggested that the subjects with FS might be better in mathematics than the subjects with no FS. PMID- 3209377 TI - Asymmetries in tachistoscopic word recognition: scanning effects re-examined. AB - To investigate the role of scanning biases in visual half field studies, native readers of Hindi (a language written and read from left-to-right) and Urdu (a language written and read from right to left) were tested in a language analogue of the Stroop paradigm. Subjects had to identify the script (Hindi vs. Urdu) in which the words referring to the two languages Hindi and Urdu were presented. Greater RVF than LVF interference was obtained in both groups, indicating a left hemisphere specialization for lexical functioning independent of scanning biases. PMID- 3209380 TI - Comment on the "P300" and Donchin Oddball Paradigm, Rosenfeld, et al., 1987. PMID- 3209378 TI - The circadian cycle effects of DSIP on colonic temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate in control and area postrema-lesioned rats. AB - Groups of control and Area Postrema rats were treated with 0.1 mg/kg, i.p., DSIP or with saline, at 06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, 24:00, and at 03:00. Colonic temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured 30 min after treatment. DSIP induced a shift in the hyperthermic cycle of control rats, but was unable to modify the noncyclic hypothermia found among Area Postrema-lesioned rats. Furthermore, DSIP caused a decrease in the blood pressure level of control rats, but had no such effect on the already depressed level of blood pressure in the Area Postrema-lesioned rats. Finally, DSIP decreased the heart rate of control rats and significantly antagonized the elevated heart rate observed in the Area Postrema-lesioned rats. The data do not permit us directly to relate the physiological change induced by DSIP to its sleep-promoting effects. PMID- 3209379 TI - Acquisition of linguistic procedures for printed words: neuropsychological implications for learning. AB - A microcomputerized experiment, administered to 45 children in the 2nd, 5th, and 8th month of first grade, manipulated three variables: (a) stimulus unit (whole word or letter-by-letter presentation), (b) nature of stimulus information (phonically regular words, phonically irregular words, nonsense words, and letter strings, which differ in whether phonemic, orthographic, semantic, and/or name codes are available), and (c) linguistic task (lexical decision, naming, and written reproduction). Letter-by-letter presentation resulted in more accurate lexical decision and naming but not more accurate written reproduction. Interactions between nature of stimulus information and linguistic task occurred. Throughout the year, accuracy was greater for lexical decision than for naming or written reproduction. The superiority of lexical decision cannot be attributed to the higher probability of correct responses on a binary choice task because only consistently correct responses on repeated trials were analyzed. The earlier development of lexical decision, a receptive task, than of naming or written reproduction, production tasks, suggests that hidden units (Hinton & Sejnowski, 1986) in tertiary cortical areas may abstract visual-linguistic associations in printed words before production units in primary cortical areas can produce printed words orally or graphically. PMID- 3209381 TI - Digital archiving requirements and technology. PMID- 3209382 TI - Transvaginal fallopian tube catheterization in an animal model. AB - A rabbit model for testing the safety and effectiveness of diagnostic and interventional techniques of fallopian tube catheterization is presented. Hysterography with injection into the terminal portion of the uterine horn visualized the fallopian tube in only 6% of cases; however, this increased from 33% to 50% by pretreatment with progesterone, administration of glucagon or phentolamine, or increased pressure of injection with balloon obstruction of the uterine horn. Salpingography with a catheter introduced in the tubal ostium or directly inside the tube was most effective and resulted in a consistent (100%) visualization of the fallopian tube. The technique also allowed coaxial introduction of small diameter guidewires and catheters deep into the fallopian tube. PMID- 3209383 TI - No pulmonary edema or congestion after central venous injection of conventional and newer contrast media in dogs. AB - Our aim was to determine whether large central venous doses of ionic diatrizoate, nonionic iopromide, or nonionic iotrolane produce pulmonary edema or pulmonary congestion in dogs. Eighteen dogs (six per group) anesthetized with piritramide and N2O received three sequential doses (1.5 mL/kg body weight) of one contrast medium in less than 20 seconds. Before the first injection, and again 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after each contrast injection, extravascular lung water, pulmonary blood volume, and cardiac output were determined by thermal-dye dilution. Neither extravascular lung water nor pulmonary blood volume increased after any contrast medium. Pulmonary blood volume and cardiac output decreased slightly but not significantly after all contrast media during the course of the study. We conclude that diatrizoate, iopromide, or iotrolane do not produce pulmonary edema or congestion in dogs. PMID- 3209384 TI - Computerized data base of teaching conference cases. AB - Conferences consisting of case presentation with discussion are a major tool in radiology resident teaching. We used a computerized data base to study the case mix at our teaching conference. At daily conferences from July 1984 to March 1985 each case was recorded as to patient name, identification number, date, type of conference, case presented, modality used, organ study, and diagnosis. Data were entered on a 256K IBM PC with two 360K disk drives running dBase II (Ashton Tate). Use of a computer to store the information offered the advantage of rapid analysis of the data by type of study or region of interest. Initial use of the system has confirmed its utility in the areas of teaching file generation, monitoring of conference content, and as an aid in modifying the case content to represent more evenly the spectrum of disease found in a given organ or an organ system. PMID- 3209386 TI - NCLEX: keeping pace with practice. PMID- 3209387 TI - Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Thalassemias in China. Shanghai, People's Republic of China, October 12-15, 1987. PMID- 3209385 TI - A complex mandate. The radiology chairmanship. PMID- 3209388 TI - The types and distribution of alpha-thalassemia-2 in China. AB - We studied 111 cases of Hb H disease from different families using Bam HI and Bgl II restriction enzymes. The results showed that 76 cases (68.5%) were of the deletion type, eight cases (7.2%) had Hb Constant Spring (Hb CS), and 27 cases (24.3%) were of the nondeletion and Hb CS types (alpha T). Distribution of the alpha-thalassemia-2 (alpha-thal-2) gene varies with the different regions in China. The rightward deletion (alpha -3.7) is found chiefly in Guangdong Province, the leftward deletion (alpha -4.2) mostly in Jiangxi Province, and the nondeletional type in Guangxi Province where the Han nationality is most prominent. We studied the nondeletional Hb H type by DNA gene mapping, digestion with Msp I, and hybridization with a 32P-alpha probe for the presence of the Hb Quong Sze [alpha 125(H8)Leu----Pro] mutation. It appears that none of these alpha thal-2 genes contain the Hb Quong Sze mutation. PMID- 3209389 TI - Potential application of a new screening test for alpha-thalassemia-1 carriers. AB - A murine hybridoma cell line secreting monoclonal anti-human embryonic zeta globin chain antibody has been established. Using this monoclonal antibody, a slot blot immunobinding assay for the detection of zeta-globin chains in adult hemolysates has been developed. This simple test can identify individuals who are alpha-thalassemia-1 carriers due to the (-SEA/) deletion. It is proposed that this test should be made generally available in Southeast Asia and Southern China, in order to identify couples who are at risk of begetting fetuses afflicted with homozygous alpha-thalassemia. PMID- 3209390 TI - The different types of alpha-thalassemia: practical and genetic aspects. AB - From May 1985 to October 1987, 1,564 Southeast Asians living in Hawaii were screened for hereditary anemias. Microcytosis was determined by electronic red cell indices and morphology; iron deficiency was ruled out by normal red cell distribution width and normal protoporphyrin levels; Hb E was determined by electrophoresis; beta-thalassemia (thal) heterozygotes were identified by raised Hb A2 on column chromatography. alpha-Thalassemia heterozygotes were diagnosed by exclusion. Family studies helped identify or confirm diagnoses, especially for the alpha-thal-2 heterozygotes (-alpha/alpha alpha) and homozygotes (-alpha/ alpha). Provisional diagnoses are being checked by DNA analyses. Iron deficiency prevented detection of possibly coexisting alpha-thalassemias in 97 individuals. Technical problems included the obscuring of standard criteria for recognizing the alpha-thal variants by the presence of Hb E or beta-thal. In such cases, alpha-thal could only be detected by family studies or DNA analyses. Problems with hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis included Hb H migrating beyond the edge of the strip if incubation was not closely monitored, and difficulty in detecting the small amounts of unstable Hb Constant Spring. DNA analyses also had limitations, since the nondeletion alpha-thalassemias would not be detected by routine Southern blotting. DNA analyses suggested that about 50% of presumed alpha-thalassemias were alpha-thal-2 (-alpha/alpha alpha) variants, and a corresponding number of alpha-thal-2 variants were among the apparent normals. Gene frequencies in the unselected Lao subjects were approximately 0.2 for Hb E, at least 0.1 for (-alpha), usually a rightward (alpha -3.7) type, 0.04 for (-), and 0.01 for a beta-thal. Multistep screening for the alpha- and beta thalassemias was an effective and efficient strategy. PMID- 3209391 TI - Alpha-thalassemia in Thailand. AB - The alpha-thalassemia syndromes are remarkable both for their phenotypic diversity and for their different clinical severity. They are associated with variable degrees of alpha-chain deficits; the clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases with normal hematologic findings to the totally lethal Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome. Recent molecular biology studies have clarified the defects in these alpha-thalassemia syndromes around the world. This paper describes the alpha-thalassemias in Thailand, and covers the types, molecular defects, incidence of each genotype, and their phenotypic expression. PMID- 3209392 TI - Different forms of Hb H disease in the Chinese. AB - A marked genetic and clinical variability of the Hb H syndrome occurs because of the molecular heterogeneity of alpha-thalassemia (thal). The hallmark is the presence of excess beta chains forming Hb H (beta tetramer). In the Chinese, classical Hb H disease presents as "alpha-thalassemia intermedia" and is due to a double heterozygosity for two deletional forms of alpha-thal, alpha-thal-1 and alpha-thal-2. The majority of cases with an alpha-thal-1 defect have a deletion of at least 18.1 kb starting 3' to the zeta 1 gene which includes the psi alpha and the two alpha genes; it is similar to that described in Thais. However, two families had a deletion of the entire zeta-alpha gene cluster, i.e. zeta-alpha thal-1. Of 33 alpha-thal-2 defects studied, 26 were the rightward deletion (alpha -3.7 kb, all type I defects) and seven the leftward deletion (alpha -4.2 kb); one of the latter was associated with Hb Q. About 10% of the alpha-thal defects belong to the nondeletion type, the most common form being Hb Constant Spring (CS). This anomaly, when coinherited with alpha-thal-1, produces Hb H-CS disease which has a most marked anemia and splenomegaly due to the instability of the alpha-CS chain. Hb Quong Sze produces an alpha-thal-2 because of the unstable alpha-Quong Sze chain. One patient who inherited classical Hb H disease and Hb New York (NY) [alpha 113(G15)Val----Glu] had severe anemia, and required frequent blood transfusions due to the deleterious effect of an increased alpha-NY chain turnover.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209393 TI - The interaction of alpha-thalassemia with sickle cell anemia. AB - The coinheritance of alpha-thalassemia (alpha-thal) and sickle cell anemia provides a most interesting example of how separate globin gene mutations influence clinical manifestations of abnormal gene expression. Early reports in the literature contained conflicting opinions as to whether alpha-thal ameliorated the clinical consequences of sickle cell disease. With the discovery that the concentration of sickle hemoglobin (Hb S) had a profound influence on both the kinetics and extent of deoxy Hb S polymerization, it was predicted that the lower intraerythrocytic concentration of Hb S associated with alpha-thal would mitigate the clinical severity of sickle cell anemia. Moreover, the use of alpha-globin gene mapping for objectively diagnosing alpha-thal revealed that one in three Black Americans were silent carriers of alpha-thal. Thus, it followed that a great many sickle cell patients may be affected by this potentially modifying influence. PMID- 3209394 TI - The relationship between Hb Bart's levels in cord blood and the deletions of alpha-globin genes. AB - A relationship between Hb Bart's levels in cord blood and the number of alpha globin genes has been established by screening cord blood samples from 1,075 newborn babies. Diagnosis was made by gene mapping of DNA samples with restriction endonuclease digestion. The presence of Hb Bart's was determined with a discontinuous microelectrophoresis on cellulose acetate at pH 8.34. The establishment of this relationship allows an early diagnosis of alpha-thalassemia by this simple microelectrophoretic procedure. PMID- 3209395 TI - The incidence of alpha-thalassemia in south China. PMID- 3209396 TI - Alpha-thalassemia screening reveals quadruple zeta-globin genes in a Laotian family. AB - In screening families for alpha-thalassemia (thal) by the Southern blot technique, several Laotian families were found which had anomalous zeta-globin haplotypes. The zeta-globin genes encode alpha-like embryonic hemoglobin subunits in the alpha-globin multigene complex on chromosome 16. There are normally two zeta-globin genes in this cluster: 5' zeta 2 and 3' psi zeta 1. In our study, six individuals in three families had triple zeta-globin genes. Another family revealed a novel quadruple zeta-globin arrangement. Two aberrant fragments were seen in Eco R1, Bam H1, Bgl II and Hind III digests using a zeta-globin gene probe. These anomalous bands were in the integral 10 kb range consistent with duplication of the zeta-globin region. This haplotype interpretation was confirmed by Southern blot analyses using double digestions hybridized to a cDNA zeta-gene probe, and Pvu II digests probed with a 5'-psi zeta 1 intergenic fragment. Proposed mechanisms of recombination and implications of this novel arrangement are discussed. PMID- 3209397 TI - Newer developments in the identification of beta-thalassemia. AB - One of the easiest and most sensitive methods of detecting mutations in the beta globin gene leading to beta-thalassemia is by the use of oligonucleotide probes. The current method involves digestion of 5-10 micrograms of genomic DNA followed by gel electrophoresis, and blotting onto nitrocellulose. The membrane is then hybridized with a 32P-radiolabeled oligonucleotide probe containing the specific point mutation of interest. Finally, the membrane is subjected to X-ray film for 3-10 days. We wish to report a method for detecting these mutations which involves 1 microgram of genome DNA or less. The method involves the use of a gene amplification technique. A series of primers are synthesized which span the beta globin gene. In each primer set, one primer is complementary to the beta-gene and the other primer is complementary to the non-coding strand. The suspected mutation point is located between these two primers. With the use of this primer set, the beta-globin gene region is amplified by denaturing, annealing, and DNA synthesis. The amplification cycle is repeated 25 to 30 times. The amplification is conducted using the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I or Taq polymerase in the presence of all four deoxynucleotide triphosphates. The resulting amplified DNA is applied to a nylon membrane with the aid of a dot-blot apparatus and directly hybridized with normal and mutant deoxynucleotide probes. The entire process requires one to two days. More than 300 beta-thalassemia homozygotes have been identified in our laboratories; over 20 different mutations have been observed. PMID- 3209398 TI - Type of beta-thalassemia mutations found in the Chinese identified by synthetic oligonucleotides. PMID- 3209399 TI - The thalassemia syndromes in association with hemoglobinopathies in southern China. PMID- 3209400 TI - Beta-thalassemia associated with alpha-thalassemia in Thailand. AB - In Thailand alpha-thalassemia (thal), beta-thal, hemoglobin (Hb) E and Hb Constant Spring (Hb CS) are prevalent. The incidences are 20-30% for alpha-thal (3.5% for alpha-thal-1 and 16% for alpha-thal-2), 3-9% for beta-thal, up to 54% for Hb E and nearly 8% for Hb CS. Different combinations of these genes result in a spectrum of thalassemia syndromes ranging in severity from asymptomatic to intrauterine death. From the known gene frequencies the numbers of thalassemic patients per generation (total population of 50 million) are as follows: Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis 20,000; homozygous beta-thal 31,250; beta-thal/Hb E disease 162,500; Hb H disease (two genotypes) 200,000, making a total of 413,750. In addition, individuals may carry more than two of the abnormal genes leading to complex thalassemia syndromes such as alpha beta-thal, AE-Bart's and EF-Bart's diseases. PMID- 3209401 TI - Selection of hydroxypyridin-4-ones for the treatment of iron overload using in vitro and in vivo models. AB - The hydroxypyridin-4-one group of iron chelators show promise as potential compounds for the treatment of iron overload by the oral route. In the search for the compounds best suited for long term clinical use, a balance has to be struck between the desire to mobilise the maximum amount of iron and the wish to minimise the potential toxicity of such compounds. In this article we review the approach we have used to evaluate which of the hydroxypyridinones have the properties best suited for further development prior to clinical trials in man. The diversity of a number of closely related compounds substituted on the ring nitrogen have allowed us to study the properties of chelators responsible for cellular mobilisation of iron(III), as well as those which may contribute to their toxicity. The primary hepatocyte culture model has facilitated the investigation of the contribution of their iron binding constant, as well as the critical importance of their relative lipid solubility to both cellular iron mobilisation and toxicity. Similarly studies in mice have confirmed that the factors affecting cellular iron release also control iron excretion in whole animals. Further we have demonstrated that the acute toxicity of this group of compounds is closely linked to the size of the available iron pool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209402 TI - Treatment of the thalassemia syndrome with splenectomy. AB - Splenectomy was performed on 152 patients with thalassemia (thal), including 90 cases with Hb H disease, 48 cases with homozygous beta-thal, and 14 cases with Hb E-beta-thal. The therapeutic effect in Hb H disease was 83.3%, and 32.3% in Hb E beta-thal and beta-thal. In Hb H disease, the hemoglobin (Hb) level increased 30 g/l in 14 of 29 cases. After splenectomy, the life-span (T1/2) of 51Cr RBC in Hb H and Hb E-beta-thal increased to 18.2 +/- 2.6 and 18.2 days, respectively. The number of inclusion (Heinz) bodies attached to the RBC membrane increased after surgery. The interdermal delayed supersensitivity reaction became negative in seven of 26 cases of Hb H disease; the IgG also decreased after surgery. The number of PAS positive foam cells in the spleen correlated to Hb level after surgery. Infection is a common complication. PMID- 3209403 TI - Cloning and sequencing of a beta-thalassemia gene from south China. AB - A beta-thalassemia gene from a patient with beta+-thalassemia in South China was cloned and sequenced. A four nucleotide (TCTT) deletion in codons 41 and 42 was found. This is the most common beta-thalassemia gene in South China and the first mutant identified on China mainland. PMID- 3209404 TI - Beta-thalassemia in China: a systematic molecular characterization of beta thalassemia mutations. AB - In order to initiate a program of prenatal diagnosis for the prevention of beta thalassemia in China, we have begun systematic studies of the beta-thalassemia mutations among the Chinese. DNA polymorphisms in the beta-globin gene cluster were examined in 46 beta-thalassemia chromosomes. Six different haplotypes were observed. One beta-thalassemia gene associated with a new haplotype was cloned and sequenced. The mutation was a single base substitution (A----G) at position 29 within the highly conserved proximal promoter element (the "TATA" box). This mutation was not observed previously in the Chinese. The beta-thalassemia genes were further screened with oligonucleotide probes specific for all known mutations in the Chinese. Five mutations were identified and accounted for 35 beta-thalassemia alleles. PMID- 3209405 TI - Thalassemia in the Silk Road region of China. AB - This paper summarizes data obtained during a screening program involving 11,563 persons from the Silk Road region in China. The mean incidence of thalassemia is 1.62% with an increase from east to west. The incidence in the Hui population (3.01%) is higher than in Kazaks (2.92%), and in Uygur (2.22%). The Han population also has a higher incidence (0.98%) than seen for other regions in Northern China. The thalassemias observed are classified into seven groups; beta thalassemia accounts for 89.48% of the total, and alpha-thalassemia for 10.52%. PMID- 3209406 TI - Congenital anemias in Macau. AB - The implementation of a Primary Health Care system in Macau has created the need to study the prevalence of Congenital Anemias in the population to facilitate the planning of measures needed for their control. Blood samples from 3815 women attending the antenatal clinics were screened for beta-thalassemia using MCH values as the preliminary test, followed by quantitation of Hb A2 and Hb F. Isoelectric-focusing was used to screen 1091 cord blood samples for the presence of Hb Bart's. The prevalence of alpha- and beta-thalassemia carriers was found to be 6.2% and 3.6%, respectively. PMID- 3209407 TI - Prevalence of hemoglobinopathies and anemia in Phetchaburi, Thailand. AB - Thalassemias and Hb E are highly prevalent in Thailand. Anemia is also common among the Thai population with an incidence varying between 30-80%, depending upon the area. We now report preliminary results from a population survey, conducted in Phetchaburi between September 1985 and October 1986, to determine the incidence of hemoglobinopathies and anemia. PMID- 3209408 TI - Deletional beta-thalassemia with high Hb A2. PMID- 3209410 TI - Biochemical and molecular aspects of beta-thalassemia types in northern Sardinia. AB - Forty-three patients with beta-thalassemia from Northern Sardinia (31 severe and polytransfused, six follow-up babies, five adults with mild thalassemia who were not transfusion dependent, and a young transfused patient was also affected by a disease of intermediate severity) were studied in order to establish the fetal hemoglobin composition, restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotypes at the beta-globin gene cluster, and the type(s) of mutation. Haplotype II was prevalent, [56/86 chromosomes (65%)], haplotype I was also fairly common, [22/86 chromosomes (25%)], while other types were relatively rare. The nonsense mutation at codon 39 was nearly exclusive, [76/80 chromosomes (95%)]. Other beta thalassemia mutations occurred on chromosomes with haplotypes III, IX, X, and perhaps V, and a new type related to II. The mutated A gamma T gene was associated with type II, X, and the new type. Type IX was linked to a beta(0) gene and to an Xmn I site 5' to the G gamma gene, to a high G gamma globin level, and to a disease of mild severity. Type III was associated with a beta(+) thalassemic gene. The (0)39 mutation linked to type II was associated with thalassemia intermedia in three patients. PMID- 3209409 TI - A beta+-thalassemia (codon 24, GGT----GGA) found in a Japanese. AB - A beta+-thalassemia mutation at codon 24 (GGT----GGA) was discovered in a Japanese; this is the third type of beta-thalassemia found in this population. The case, as well as the data from DNA sequencing analysis, are presented. PMID- 3209411 TI - Restriction primer extension method of labeling oligonucleotide probes and its application to the detection of Hb E genes. AB - A new method for labeling oligonucleotides was developed to obtain high specific activity of radioactive probes. In an oligonucleotide molecule, two sequences were designed. One sequence, the 5', contains 19 nucleotides and serves as a template for probe synthesis. The second sequence, 3', contains a consensus sequence which forms a Pst I site after forming a complementary strand with the primer. In the presence of E. coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment), alpha-32P dNTP and other dNTPs, a radioactive labeled oligonucleotide was synthesized by the primer extension method. After Pst I digestion, the probe was different from its template in length by 4 bp and could be separated from each other on urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A radioactive oligonucleotide probe with extremely high specific activity up to 10(10) dpm/micrograms could be obtained by the use of this method. The oligonucleotide probes have been used for the detection of the Hb E mutation in this report. PMID- 3209412 TI - gamma-thalassemia and its related abnormalities in China. PMID- 3209413 TI - Characterization of abnormalities in the gamma-globin gene arrangements of Japanese newborns. AB - Cord blood samples from 889 healthy Japanese newborns from three districts of Honshu Island were studied with the purpose of characterizing the gamma-globin genes in the Japanese. The A gamma T gene frequency was 0.159 which is the same as that found elsewhere in Japan. The haplotype of the chromosome with the A gamma T gene was [-- ++ - + (+ or -) (+ or -)] at eight polymorphic sites. Data from analyses of DNA and the proportion of gamma chains in Hb F showed the existence of various kinds of gamma-globin gene arrangements; six genotypes were observed for individuals with high G gamma values and triple or quadruple gamma globin gene arrangements, and seven genotypes for babies with low G gamma values and a single gamma-globin gene. The in vivo expression of the gamma-globin gene located at the third or fourth position in the multiple gene arrangement was found to be about 5% and 2.5% of the total, respectively. The haplotype for the chromosomes with a triple gamma-globin gene was [+ --(-)---- +], but that for the chromosomes with a single gamma-globin gene remains unclear. In addition, a new type of Bgl II polymorphism in the G gamma-globin gene was observed. PMID- 3209415 TI - Construction of three plasmids, each containing two or three different human globin gene fragments. AB - Three plasmids (labeled pUC-2 gamma-beta, pUC-2 beta-delta, and pL-alpha-zeta), each containing two or three different human globin gene fragments (beta IVS-II, inter-gamma, and gamma IVS-II in pUC-2 gamma-beta; 5'-beta, 3'-beta, and delta IVS-II in pUC-2 beta-delta; alpha and zeta in pL-alpha-zeta) have been constructed. The gene fragments could be isolated simultaneously from Eco RI/Bam HI double digests of each of the first two plasmids or from a Pst I digest of the third, using electrophoresis in an 1.0% agarose gel. This facilitates the large scale isolation of gene fragments for use as probes in studies such as the analysis of polymorphisms or the molecular basis of some hemoglobinopathies. PMID- 3209414 TI - Abnormal gamma-globin gene arrangements in Sardinians. AB - An extended survey of 8,103 Sardinian newborns has been conducted for the study of abnormal gamma-globin gene arrangements. Fetal hemoglobin analysis and globin gene mapping have identified five different arrangements in 24 babies: five (21%) were carriers of the -GA gamma- hybrid (thalassemic) gene, directing the synthesis of the A gamma chain and resulting in low (41%) G gamma chain and decreased Hb F levels; two (8%) carried the -A gamma-A gamma T- duplication, characterized by even lower (37%) G gamma levels; five (21%) carried the -G gamma AG gamma-A gamma- triplication; one (4%) carried the -G gamma-G gamma-A gamma- triplication, and 11 (46%) the -G gamma-G gamma- duplication, all resulting in high G gamma levels (85, 83, and 88%, respectively). Thirty-six additional babies could be phenotypically classified as carriers of the same mutations. Haplotyping and gamma-chain composition showed that the crossover event generating the -GA gamma- hybrid gene and the corresponding -G gamma-AG gamma-A gamma- triplication has occurred on at least three different chromosomes. The -G gamma-G gamma- duplication was associated with the chromosome having haplotype I, and the -A gamma-A gamma T- with the chromosome of haplotype II. As many as 2,260 babies (28%) were heterozygous, and 254 (3%) homozygous for the A gamma T mutation. The incidence and relative distribution of these anomalies in Sardinia are different when compared with those of other ethnic groups. PMID- 3209416 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of alpha- and beta-thalassemias: experience in Hong Kong. AB - The incidence of alpha-thalassemia trait (alpha-thal-1 and alpha-thal-2) among Southern Chinese in Hong Kong is about 3%. From June 1983 to September 1987, prenatal diagnosis for homozygous alpha-thal-1 was performed in 88 pregnancies at risk, using direct DNA analysis of amniotic fluid cells or chorionic villi. Twenty-one homozygous alpha-thal-1 fetuses were aborted and confirmed as Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis, and two were "Hb H" hydrops fetalis. Of 47 pregnancies delivered, 26 were alpha-thal-1 heterozygotes, 10 normal, eight alpha-thal 1/normal. Twenty-one pregnancies, diagnosed as alpha-thal-1/normal, await delivery. Based on a 6% incidence of beta-thalassemia minor among pregnant women in Hong Kong, the number of pregnancies at risk for beta-thalassemia major should be 288 per annum. However, since February 1984, only 25 diagnoses were performed. Comprehensive screening and education programs need to be implemented. The majority of beta-thalassemia defects in Southern Chinese are point mutations, single nucleotide insertions or minor deletions, not detectable by standard gene mapping techniques. With linkage analysis of the defective gene to polymorphic restriction sites, a definitive diagnosis can be obtained in 50% of the families, while in the remaining there is a 50% exclusion rate. We routinely use the Hind III-3' beta, Bam HI-3' beta, Ava II-beta, and Hinc II-psi beta sites for linkage analysis. For first pregnancies, the marked linkage disequilibrium of the Bam HI polymorphism can be applied in 29% of the cases. In nonconclusive cases, fetal blood beta/gamma globin chain synthetic ratio was used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209417 TI - Thalassemia heterozygotes in Hawaii: ethnic attitudes toward screening and prenatal diagnosis. AB - The attitudes toward screening and prenatal diagnosis for the hemoglobinopathies Hb E and alpha-thalassemia, prevalent in Southeast Asia, it were studied in Southeast Asians living in Hawaii. Since May 1985, one Laotian and two Filipino Outreach Workers were trained to make home visits to educate and recruit prospective subjects for a federally-funded thalassemia screening project. Volunteers over age 18 were interviewed to assess their comprehension about thalassemia and their attitudes toward screening, family planning, and prenatal diagnosis using structured questionnaires to measure subjective responses. Prenatal diagnosis was explained to all subjects using simple brochures in Laotian and in three Filipino dialects. Culturally oriented genetic counceling was offered to all heterozygotes, emphasizing that their status was common and benign. By July 1987, 597 adult participants had been interviewed; 262 were male, 335 female (65 pregnant); 250 were Laotian, 221 Filipino, 90 Chinese, and 36 of other races. Among female interviewees, 268 said they would want prenatal diagnosis and 196 said they would abort an affected fetus. Most interviewees, especially those who were pregnant, were in favor of: 1) public education about screening, 2) having relatives tested, and 3) prenatal diagnosis when indicated. These attitudes seemed to be influenced by Western culture and religious constraints. Comprehension of genetic concepts correlated closely with education. Ten pregnancies occurred in 16 couples where both partners were heterozygous for a thalassemia (thal) (at least two non-referred couples had homozygous alpha-thal 1 fetuses during this time). Five had amniocentesis for risk of alpha-thal homozygosity, two for risk of beta-thal homozygosity, two miscarried, and one was referred too late for fetal testing. After amniocentesis, one couple declined termination for a fetus with Hb E/beta-thal, and was sceptical of the results when their infant seemed normal at birth; one couple kept a homozygous beta-thal fetus, possibly modified by alpha-gene deletions. PMID- 3209418 TI - Biochemical genetic variation and population structure of fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis; Cottidae) in Scandinavia. PMID- 3209419 TI - Admixture of intact or lysed platelets to lymphocyte cultures results in higher chromosome aberration frequencies. PMID- 3209420 TI - The breakpoints of spontaneous chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are nonrandomly distributed. PMID- 3209421 TI - Polymorphism of a serum protease inhibitor system in Alaskan wolves. PMID- 3209422 TI - The use of Quetol 651 for the post-embedding immunohistochemical demonstration of gamma-aminobutyric acid on semithin sections. AB - Quetol 651 was used as an embedding medium for the demonstration of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in semithin sections by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method. In order to demonstrate the immunoreactivity, the embedding medium was partially dissolved using absolute ethanol containing 0.8-1 M NaOH or KOH for 5-7 min. The experimental procedure was elaborated by testing the GABAergic sites in the endings surrounding the small neurones of the anterior exterolateral nucleus of a mormyrid fish and in the pyramidal cells of the electrosensory lateral line lobe of gymnotoid fish by applying anti-GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) antiserum. To test the general validity of the use of Quetol 651, GABAergic sites were also identified in the central nervous system of an insect, the honey bee, with anti-GABA and anti-GAD antisera. The intensity of labelling revealed by immunoperoxidase applied to Quetol 651-embedded semithin sections, demonstrated high precision and gave good resolution for light microscopical observations. PMID- 3209423 TI - Quantitative histochemical determination of succinic dehydrogenase activity in skeletal muscle fibres. AB - A histochemical technique was developed for the quantitative determination of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in muscle cross-sections using 1 methoxyphenazine methosulphate (mPMS) as the exogenous electron carrier, and azide as an inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase. The optimal composition of the incubation medium for the SDH reaction was determined. This histochemical procedure was compared to one using phenazine methosulphate (PMS) instead of mPMS and cyanide instead of azide. The substitution of mPMS and azide resulted in a substantial decrease in the non-specific reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT; the reaction indicator), i.e., 'nothing dehydrogenase' activity. With mPMS and azide in the reaction medium, the production of NBT formazan was linear for at least 9 min during the enzymic reaction. This compared to a non-linear reduction of NBT during the initial stages of the reactions (SDH and 'nothing dehydrogenase') when using PMS and cyanide. The use of both mPMS and azide also eliminated the production of NBT monoformazan which occurred with PMS and cyanide. This procedure was shown to meet various criteria established for the quantification of histochemical reactions. PMID- 3209424 TI - A quantitative cytochemical assay for osteoclast acid phosphatase activity in foetal rat calvaria. AB - Acid phosphatase activity is prominent in osteoclasts (bone resorbing cells) and has been implicated in the process of bone resorption, although its precise role is not understood. To study the distribution and activity of this enzyme, a quantitative cytochemical method has been developed using undecalcified fresh frozen sections of foetal rat calvariae. Sections were allowed to react with 3 mM naphthol ASBI phosphate at pH 5.0, and the reaction was stopped by rinsing in ice cold tap water containing 50 mM sodium fluoride. The reaction product was post coupled to Fast Garnet at 4 degrees C. The absorbance of areas of reaction product in the cytoplasm was measured using scanning and integrating microdensitometry. The initial velocity rate was maintained for up to 2 min at pH 5.0 with a substrate concentration of 3 mM and a section thickness of 5 micron. Under these conditions reaction product was localized to osteoclasts and the surface of bone matrix beneath these cells. Activities in osteoblasts and chondrocytes were negligible. Osteoclastic acid phosphatase was almost totally inhibited by 10 mM fluoride and reduced by 70% by 100 mM tartrate. PMID- 3209425 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of hemangioma]. AB - Vascular malformations of the skin, such as angiomatous naevi (haemangiomas) are discussed in the present paper. Haemangiomas can be differentiated by histology into "capillary" and "cavernous" types. Therapy should be very conservative because about 95% of all haemangiomas in childhood tend to involute spontaneously. Active treatment is necessary for complications, such as bleeding or ulceration, the Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, or tumours at special sites such as the eyelid, lips etc. Conservative treatment includes steroids and embolisation by fibrin. Surgery includes the largely forgotten magnesium seed treatment first described 90 years ago; 99.8% pure magnesium foil and wires 0.5 and 1.0 mm thick were implanted into nine haemangiomas. Fibrosis and tumour regression were observed in seven cases: two further cases are still under treatment. PMID- 3209426 TI - [Computer-assisted rhinomanometry (CAR)]. AB - We developed a software program for computer-aided rhinomanometry (CAR) to assess the nasal resistance curve before calculating the rhinomanometrical parameters. This program forms the basis for correct processing of data in diseases associated with nasal obstruction. We were able to demonstrate the superiority of CAR over the conventional averaging of the resistance curves in 246 measurements. Thus computer-aided rhinomanometry opens up a wide range of diagnostic possibilities. PMID- 3209427 TI - [Experiences with smell and taste studies in 798 patients]. AB - We present our experiences of olfactometry and gustometry on 798 patients. The results show the necessity of combining tests for both taste and smell. They are essential components of the complete neuro-otological examination and should remain in the otorhinolaryngologist's repertoire. PMID- 3209428 TI - [The difficult septum]. AB - Septal corrections are one of the most common operations in the ENT field but even today severely deviated septa remain a problem. In such cases we suggest removal and replantation of the septum. PMID- 3209429 TI - [Acute bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, a symptom of Shy-Drager syndrome]. AB - The Shy-Drager syndrome causes symptoms of multiple nervous atrophy and orthostatic hypotension. This rare disease was diagnosed in a 40-year-old man after he developed an acute bilateral vocal fold paresis. The respiratory failure required an immediate tracheotomy. The Shy-Drager syndrome can include cranial nerve lesions. It should be taken into account in differential diagnosis in ENT diagnoses. PMID- 3209430 TI - [Reconstruction of the side of the nose and the columella using an oblique forehead flap]. AB - The forehead skin is an ideal material for nasal reconstruction. With the "oblique" forehead flap one can easily reconstruct even distal defects, as demonstrated by the case presented here. PMID- 3209431 TI - [Modification of blepharospasm by contralateral Edgerton-Wolfort-plasty]. AB - We report a case of transient disappearance of contralateral blepharospasm following Edgerton-Wolfort's operation and attempt to explain it in neurophysiological terms. PMID- 3209432 TI - Young children with meningomyelocele, with special reference to handling, positioning, and child-adult play interactions. PMID- 3209433 TI - Infant and child weights: reliability and validity of scales. PMID- 3209434 TI - School: a clinical placement for community health nursing. PMID- 3209435 TI - [Follow-up visit after abortion--a study of 442 women in Sodermalm]. PMID- 3209436 TI - [Swedish Society for Psychosocial Obstetrics and Gynecology]. PMID- 3209437 TI - [Scholarship report]. PMID- 3209438 TI - [Medical sexology. 3-day course in Orebro, 11-13 April]. PMID- 3209440 TI - [Adolescents' knowledge about sexually transmissible diseases and their attitude to condoms]. PMID- 3209439 TI - [Clinical sexology 1987. AIDS--facts about an epidemic]. PMID- 3209441 TI - [Report from a study trip to the Middle East to study family planning, etc]. PMID- 3209442 TI - [Report of a study trip to Kolding's hospital in Denmark]. PMID- 3209444 TI - Flying syringes. PMID- 3209443 TI - Clearinghouse for veterinarians wishing to work in developing countries. PMID- 3209446 TI - Admissibility of computerized medical records as evidence in a court of law. PMID- 3209445 TI - Horse owners and their use of veterinary services. PMID- 3209447 TI - Types of professional liability insurance. PMID- 3209448 TI - Malpractice suits and malicious prosecution--veterinarian countersuits. PMID- 3209449 TI - Dog and cat bites. PMID- 3209450 TI - ECG of the month. Ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 3209451 TI - Epidural injection of xylazine for perineal analgesia in horses. AB - Local anesthetics given in the epidural space of a horse may cause hind limb weakness in addition to analgesia. Because alpha 2 agonists given by epidural injection cause sensory blockade without motor effects in human beings and other species, their use in veterinary anesthesia is appealing. This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of xylazine HCl, an alpha 2 agonist commonly used in horses. Xylazine, 0.9% NaCl, and lidocaine were given by epidural injection to horses subjected to perineal electrical stimulation. Administration of xylazine (0.17 mg/kg of body weight, diluted to a 10-ml volume, using 0.9% NaCl) induced approximately 2.5 hours of local analgesia without apparent side effects. Higher doses of xylazine caused mild hind limb ataxia. Administration of lidocaine induced a similar duration of analgesia, with severe hind limb ataxia (100% incidence). We concluded that xylazine given by epidural injection results in safe, effective perineal analgesia in horses. PMID- 3209452 TI - Diarrhea associated with sand in the gastrointestinal tract of horses. AB - Four horses with diarrhea had radiographic evidence of large quantities of sand in the gastrointestinal tract. Initially, none of the horses had sufficient fecal sand quantity to suggest sand enteropathy. Diarrhea resolved in all horses within 2 days of oral administration of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid. Historically, all 4 horses had lost weight or had difficulty maintaining weight. After treatment was administered, the horses either gained weight or were easier to maintain in good condition. PMID- 3209453 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in veterinary students. AB - Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in 10 veterinary students. Exposure to the pathogen was associated with direct contact with infected calves and contact with contaminated materials. Affected students had fever (50%), headache (50%), nausea (70%), diarrhea (80%), and vomiting (40%). Clinical signs persisted for 30 hours to 16 days after the onset of clinical signs of disease. Although one student required hospitalization, the remaining students recovered without treatment. PMID- 3209454 TI - Fatal transesophageal carotid arterial perforation by thorns in a calf. AB - A Charolais bull calf died about 4 days after perforation of the left common carotid artery by thorns of a twig that had become lodged temporarily in the esophagus. The calf initially drooled blood-tinged saliva and drank with difficulty. Necropsy revealed severe anemia and a large volume of blood in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3209455 TI - Hemoperitoneum caused by rupture of a juvenile granulosa cell tumor in an equine neonate. AB - A neonatal foal was examined because of apparent abdominal pain and distention, anemia, and hemoperitoneum. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, and a large spherical mass, which had ruptured, was found in the area of the left ovary. Left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The mass was determined to be a juvenile granulosa cell tumor. PMID- 3209456 TI - Hereditary junctional mechanobullous disease in a foal. AB - Mechanobullous disease was diagnosed in a male Belgian foal that had sloughed hooves at 30 hours and at 6 and 12 days of age. Histologic and electron microscopic studies disclosed that lesions were the result of separation of the basal epithelial cell layer from the lamina densa of the basement membrane zone along the lamina lucida. Results of immunofluorescence on tissue specimens were negative for immunoglobulin deposition. The breeding history of the foal's dam indicated that the foal was produced from breeding of the mare to its full sibling stallion. This same mare had produced a female foal, sired by a different stallion, which also had sloughed hooves during the first 2 weeks of life and had similar histologic and electron microscopic changes. This newly recognized disease of horses most closely resembles junctional-type epidermolysis bullosa described in human beings. PMID- 3209457 TI - Clinical and clinicopathologic findings in two foals infected with Bacillus piliformis. AB - Bacillus piliformis infection (Tyzzer's disease) in foals is rarely observed clinically because of the peracute course of the disease. Clinical and clinicopathologic findings as well as information on therapeutic attempts in two foals are described. Clinicopathologic abnormalities common to both cases included leukopenia, hyperfibrinogenemia, metabolic acidosis, and hypoglycemia. Treatment was unsuccessful in both cases. PMID- 3209458 TI - Disseminated hemangiosarcoma in a horse. AB - A 6.5-year-old horse with a history of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage was admitted because of acute onset of epistaxis, dyspnea, high respiratory rate, pale mucous membranes, and dark feces. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of a bleeding disorder, and the horse's anemia was considered to be secondary to pulmonary hemorrhage. The cause of the hemorrhage was not found on thoracic sonograms or from cytologic examination of transtracheal aspirates. Despite supportive care, the horse's health deteriorated, and it was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed blood in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities and reddish black masses in many tissues. Histologic examination confirmed a diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma. Hemangiosarcoma is a rare tumor in horses; however, as this case demonstrates, it can cause pulmonary hemorrhage and respiratory distress and may be difficult to diagnose before death. PMID- 3209459 TI - Response to radiation therapy of recurrent lymphangioma in a dog. AB - A recurrent lymphangioma in a 5-year-old Airedale Terrier was treated successfully with cobalt-60 radiation. The neoplasm had been excised twice before being treated with radiation. PMID- 3209460 TI - Intraspinal epidermoid cyst in a dog. AB - A 2-year-old female Rottweiler was examined because of progressive gait deficits consistent with transverse myelopathy between the T2 and L3 spinal cord segments. Myelography confirmed an intramedullary spinal cord lesion between T13 and L1, so the dog was euthanatized. At necropsy, an intramedullary epidermoid cyst was confirmed in the T13 and L1 spinal cord segments. The epidermoid cyst probably resulted from a congenital cause. PMID- 3209461 TI - Paraesophageal hiatal hernia and pyloric obstruction in a dog. AB - Paraesophageal hiatal herniation and pyloric obstruction were diagnosed in a pup with a history of vomiting. Findings of contrast radiography included esophageal reflux, delayed gastric emptying time, and paraesophageal herniation. Exploratory celiotomy revealed increased firmness of the pylorus and a primary defect in the esophageal hiatus, which allowed gastric herniation. Nissen fundoplication was performed following reconstruction of the esophageal hiatus, and pyloroplasty was performed to relieve the gastric outlet obstruction. Pyloric biopsy findings were consistent with a diagnosis of chronic gastritis. Recovery from surgery was initially unremarkable; however, the dog died suddenly 3 weeks after surgery. Necropsy revealed a large diaphragmatic hernia adjacent to the esophageal hiatus; the hernia had resulted in incarceration of the abdominal organs. The hiatal hernia reconstruction remained intact and was not the cause of the diaphragmatic disruption. PMID- 3209462 TI - Disseminated histoplasmosis in dogs: 12 cases (1981-1986). AB - Diarrhea, intestinal blood loss, anemia, and lethargy were predominant clinical findings in 12 dogs with disseminated histoplasmosis. Young dogs were affected most commonly, with 6 dogs being 1 to 3 years old. A diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis was established on the basis of histologic or cytologic detection of Histoplasma organisms in intestinal or rectal mucosa in 7 dogs, in circulating leukocytes in 5 dogs, in bone marrow in 3 dogs, and in multiple tissues at necropsy in 1 dog (4 dogs had Histoplasma organisms detected in greater than 1 site). Anemia was detected in 10 dogs (PCV less than 20% in 3 dogs), and the anemia was inadequately regenerative or nonregenerative in 7. Hypoalbuminemia was detected in 9 dogs, and serum albumin concentrations were low (less than 1.0 g/dl) in 4 of the 9 dogs. Of 5 dogs treated with ketoconazole, 2 were in remission for greater than or equal to 1 year. Corticosteroid therapy may have exacerbated the disease in 4 dogs. Histoplasma infection of multiple organs was detected in 5 necropsied dogs. PMID- 3209463 TI - Generalized peritonitis in dogs: 50 cases (1975-1986). AB - Medical records of 50 dogs with generalized peritonitis and examined between 1975 and 1986 were reviewed. In these dogs, the gastrointestinal tract was the most common source of peritoneal cavity contamination (30 dogs). The most common cause of contamination was surgical wound dehiscence (14 dogs). Overall mortality of the 50 dogs was 68%. PMID- 3209464 TI - What is your diagnosis? Partially air-filled prostatic abscess. PMID- 3209465 TI - Lysobactin, a novel antibacterial agent produced by Lysobacter sp. I. Taxonomy, isolation and partial characterization. AB - A new antibacterial agent, lysobactin, has been isolated from a species of Lysobacter (ATCC 53042). The antibiotic was recovered from the Lysobacter cell mass by extraction and reversed phase chromatography. Lysobactin is a dibasic peptide with marked activity against Gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 3209466 TI - Lysobactin, a novel antibacterial agent produced by Lysobacter sp. II. Biological properties. AB - Lysobactin, an antibiotic isolated from a strain of Lysobacter, is 2 to 4-fold more active than vancomycin against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria. Included in the spectrum of lysobactin are Staphylococci, Streptococci, corynebacteria, clostridia and various other Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. The activity of lysobactin against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria is poor. When given parenterally the compound was efficacious in systemic staphylococcal and streptococcal infections in mice. Similarly, when applied topically lysobactin was also curative in a staphylococcal wound infection in mice. Some studies on the mode of action of lysobactin are presented. PMID- 3209467 TI - Antibiotics from basidiomycetes. XXIX: Pilatin, a new antibiotically active marasmane derivative from cultures of Flagelloscypha pilatii agerer. AB - Pilatin, a new marasmane derivative, was isolated from fermentations of the cyphelloid fungus Flagelloscypha pilatii. Its structure was determined by chemical and physical methods. Pilatin inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi at concentrations of 5-50 micrograms/ml. The compound is highly cytotoxic. The incorporation of thymidine and uridine into DNA and RNA in Ehrlich carcinoma ascitic cells is strongly inhibited by pilatin. Like marasmic acid pilatin causes frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA98. PMID- 3209468 TI - Taxonomic studies on Kitasatosporia cystarginea sp. nov., which produces a new antifungal antibiotic cystargin. AB - Taxonomic studies on a new species, Kitasatosporia cystarginea are presented. Among the several species already described in this genus, this strain is characteristic in forming distinct spirals of spore chains. A significant properties of the species is the production of a new antifungal antibiotic, cystargin. PMID- 3209469 TI - A new antifungal antibiotic, cystargin: fermentation, isolation, and characterization. AB - A new sulfur-containing peptide antifungal antibiotic, cystargin, was isolated from the fermentation broth of a new species of genus Kitasatosporia, designated as Kitasatosporia cystarginea. On acid hydrolysis, cystargin (C60H77N19O17S6) gave equimolar glycine, proline, aspartic acid and arginine. By performic acid oxidation, cysteic acid was detected after hydrolysis. It showed a growth inhibitory activity against various phytopathogenic fungi and inhibition of beta 1,3-glucan synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 3209470 TI - Atpenins, new antifungal antibiotics produced by Penicillium sp. Production, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. AB - Penicillium sp. FO-125, a soil isolate, was found to produce a new antifungal antibiotic complex named atpenin. Three components A4, A5 and B were isolated from the fermentation broth of the producing strain by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. The molecular formula of atpenins A4, A5 and B were determined to be C15H22NO5Cl, C15H21NO5Cl2 and C15H23NO5, respectively, on the basis of high resolution electron impact mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. They are active against filamentous fungi, especially, Trichophyton sp. PMID- 3209471 TI - L-657,398, a novel antifungal agent: fermentation, isolation, structural elucidation and biological properties. AB - L-657,398 is a broad spectrum antifungal agent isolated from solid fermentation or from the mycelium of the liquid fermentation of Aspergillus ochraceus. Structurally, the compound is a novel pyrollidine related to anisomycin. PMID- 3209472 TI - Aranorosin, a novel antibiotic from Pseudoarachniotus roseus. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, chemical and biological properties. AB - A novel antibiotic, aranorosin, was isolated from the fermentation broth of a new fungal isolate identified as Pseudoarachniotus roseus. The antibiotic showed a wide spectrum of activity. PMID- 3209473 TI - Aranorosin, a novel antibiotic from Pseudoarachniotus roseus. II. Structure elucidation. AB - Aranorosin, a new antifungal antibiotic, has been isolated from the culture filtrate and mycelium of a strain of Pseudoarachniotus roseus Kuehn. The antibiotic, C23H33NO6, contains a novel 1-oxaspiro[4,5]decane ring system. The structure (I) has been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical analysis. PMID- 3209475 TI - Synthesis of histargin and related compounds and their inhibition of enzymes. AB - A novel method for the synthesis of histargin and its analogs is described. It includes two kinds of N-alkylation reactions that prevent the formation of side products. The inhibition of enzymes by these compounds was also measured. Some of the compounds strongly inhibited carboxypeptidase B, carboxypeptidase A, carboxypeptidase N (kininase I), and angiotensin converting enzyme. PMID- 3209474 TI - Semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics. IV. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[2-(hetero aromatic methoxyimino)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4 yl)acetamido]cephalosporins. AB - A series of 7 beta-[2-(hetero aromatic methoxyimino)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4 yl)acetamido]- cephalosporins have been synthesized and bacteriologically evaluated. Several substances in this series showed exceptional in vitro activity, especially those with a five-membered hetero aromatic substituent moiety at the 7-position and a quaternary ammonium group as the 3-function of the cephem nucleus. The most active derivative, 7 beta-[2-(imidazol-4-ylmethoxyimino) 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)a cetamido]-3-(pyridiniomethyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate (13a) was the most evenly balanced with respect to activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, 13 was stable to various types of beta lactamases and had high affinities for penicillin binding protein-3 and -1Bs of both Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3209476 TI - The bialaphos resistance gene (bar) plays a role in both self-defense and bialaphos biosynthesis in Streptomyces hygroscopicus. AB - We inactivated the bialaphos (BA) resistance gene (bar) of a BA producer, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, by the gene replacement technique. The resulting BA sensitive mutant (Bar-) was able to produce little BA but considerable amount of an intermediate demethylphosphinothricin (DMPT). The Bar- mutant was still able to convert the N-acetyl derivative (AcDMPT) of DMPT to BA. Introduction of normal bar containing plasmid restored both BA resistance and BA biosynthesis to levels as high as the parental BA producer. By contrast, introducing a multi copy glutamine synthetase gene (glnA) into the Bar- mutant restored BA resistance but not BA production. Thus, the bar gene plays a crucial role in both self-defense and a step of BA biosynthesis in the BA-producing S. hygroscopicus. PMID- 3209477 TI - The effect of kazusamycin B on the cell cycle and morphology of cultured L1210 cells. AB - The effect of a potent antitumor antibiotic, kazusamycin B, on the cell cycle of L1210 cells was examined. Kazusamycin B arrested synchronized L1210 cells at G1 phase. Retardation of metaphase initiation was also observed. Flow cytometric analysis of kazusamycin B-treated asynchronized cells also confirmed G1 arresting effect of kazusamycin B. In addition, an unidentified cell population with lower fluorescence intensity than G1 population was observed when the cells were exposed to the drug longer than 12 hours. Morphology of kazusamycin B-treated L1210 cells revealed that the intranuclear structure changed within 4 hours, and that abnormal condensation of nuclei coincided with the appearance of unidentified population. Kazusamycin B inhibited RNA synthesis moderately but specifically at 2 hours. However, this inhibition might be a secondary effect of the antibiotic-induced structural abnormality of the nuclei. PMID- 3209478 TI - Biological activity of the main metabolites of ubenimex in humans. AB - The biological activity of the two main metabolites of ubenimex in humans, (-)-N [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-(4'-hydroxy)phenylbutyryl]-L-leucine (OH-ubenimex) and (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid [2S,3R)-AHPA) was examined. OH Ubenimex was almost identical in inhibitory activity against mouse peritoneal resident macrophage aminopeptidases (APases) and the growth of IMC carcinoma in mice to ubenimex. In contrast, the inhibition of; mouse spleen cell APase activities in vitro, blastogenesis of mouse T and B cells in vitro, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in mice, and the growth of C1498 leukemia and HeLa S3 cells in vitro was weaker than ubenimex. Macrophage APase activity was only slightly inhibited by (2S,3R)-AHPA which also had practically no activity in the other biological assays. PMID- 3209479 TI - Toxicity of selected tremorgenic mycotoxins and related compounds to Spodoptera frugiperda and Heliothis zea. AB - A series of tremorgenic mycotoxins and related compounds were tested for oral toxicity to the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and corn earworm (Heliothis zea) by incorporation of materials into artificial diets and examining mortality and weights after 7 days. Significant mortality to both insect species was caused with dihydroxyaflavinine and roseotoxin B, while significant mortality to H. zea was also caused by penitrem A at 25 ppm. After 7 days, weighs of larvae treated with 25 ppm penitrem A, roseotoxin B, and verruculogen were less than 50% of controls for both insect species. Weights of H. zea larvae treated with 25 ppb of penitrem A were less than 50% those of control larvae. Relative toxicities of the tremorgens and related compounds to insects compared to vertebrates are discussed. PMID- 3209480 TI - In vivo antibacterial activity of FK482, a new orally active cephalosporin. AB - The therapeutic activities of orally administered FK482 were compared with those of reference antibiotics against systemic and local infections with a variety of bacteria in mice and rabbits. In systemic infections in mice, oral FK482 was almost as effective as oral cefaclor (CCL) and more effective than oral cephalexin (CEX) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis infections. However, FK482 afforded superior protective activity when given subcutaneously against E. coli infection in mice, and this activity was more potent than that of subcutaneously given CCL. In comparison with CCL, the reason that the in vivo activity of orally given FK482 against mouse systemic infections was weaker than had been anticipated from its potent in vitro activity was due to its poor oral absorption in mice. In local infections in rabbits, a species in which FK482 was better absorbed than in mice, FK482 was more effective than CCL, CEX or amoxicillin (AMPC). Against pneumonia induced by S. aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, FK482 was as effective as AMPC and more effective than CCL in reducing the number of viable bacteria in the lungs of infected rabbits. In the oral treatment of experimental ascending pyelonephritis in rabbits, FK482 was superior to CCL and AMPC against methicillin resistant S. aureus infection, as effective as AMPC and more effective than CCL against Enterococcus faecalis infection, and as effective as cefixime (CFIX) and more effective than CCL and AMPC against E. coli infection in reducing the number of viable bacteria in the kidneys and urine. PMID- 3209481 TI - Pharmacokinetics of FK482, a new orally active cephalosporin, in animals. AB - The pharmacokinetic profile of FK482 was studied in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs after oral dosing and compared with that of cefixime, cefaclor and cephalexin. Considerable differences in oral absorption of FK482 were observed among the animal species. Absolute bioavailabilities of FK482 were 12.6% in mice, 15.3% in rats, 32.3% in rabbits and 72.3% in dogs. In mice and rats, the absorption of FK482 was poor, and was the lowest of the reference antibiotics. FK482 was moderately well absorbed, with higher plasma levels than cefixime in rabbits and, like cefixime, gave higher plasma levels and a longer half-life than cefaclor or cephalexin in dogs. The increase in the area under the serum concentration time curve (AUC) of FK482 was strictly proportional to the increase in dose in the range of 2.5 to 40 mg/kg in rats and dogs, and 2.5 to 20 mg/kg in rabbits and the urinary recovery rates were almost constant. All tissue concentrations of FK482 in rats and rabbits were lower than those of the reference antibiotics and reflected its lower plasma concentrations in these animals. The urinary recovery rates of FK482 were 9.8% for mice, 15.5% for rats, 45.8% for rabbits and 47.1% for dogs. The biliary recovery rate of FK482 was low; 1.4% in rats and less than 0.1% in rabbits and dogs. No active metabolites were detected in the plasma, urine or bile samples from rats, rabbits or dogs. FK482 was mainly absorbed in the jejunum, and was inactivated in the large intestine. The serum-protein binding of FK482 was almost the same as that of cefixime: 60-77% for mouse, rabbit and human serum, and 90-93% for rat and dog serum. PMID- 3209482 TI - Phthoramycin, a new antibiotic active against a plant pathogen, Phytophthora sp. PMID- 3209483 TI - PI-083, a new platelet aggregation inhibitor. PMID- 3209484 TI - Duocarmycin A, a new antitumor antibiotic from Streptomyces. PMID- 3209485 TI - A new anthracycline antibiotic SN-706. PMID- 3209486 TI - Time is traded for intensity in the bat's auditory system. AB - Disparities in time and intensity are the two chief cues animals use for localizing a sound source in space. Echolocating bats belonging to the family Molossidae emit brief, ultrasonic signals for orientation that sweep downward about an octave over the duration of the pulse. Due to acoustic shadowing and the directional properties of the ears, pronounced interaural intensity disparities are created that vary as a function of azimuth. However, due to the small headwidth of these animals, azimuthal changes create small interaural time disparities that are at most 30 microseconds. The experiments in this report are concerned with the binaural processing of time and intensity disparities using brief FM signals that simulate the animal's natural echolocation calls. Binaural neurons receiving excitation from one ear and inhibition from the other (E-I neurons) were recorded from the inferior colliculus of Mexican free-tailed bats. The majority of units sampled were highly sensitive for temporal disparities of 100-300 microseconds, and a few had significant changes in discharge probability when interaural time was changed by 10-20 microseconds. However, all E-I neurons were also sensitive to intensity disparities. With only one exception, all E-I neurons traded time for intensity. On the average, each decibel difference in intensity could be compensated for by advancing or delaying the inhibitory sound by 47 microseconds. The main conclusion is that the auditory system processes interaural disparities by transforming level differences at the two ears into latency differences. Thus the discharge probability of each binaural neuron is determined largely by the arrival times of the discharges from the excitatory and inhibitory ears. In view of the substantial time-intensity trading ratios, the small interaural time disparities produced by azimuthal locations off the midline play no role in shaping the response properties of these neurons. Specific examples of how time-intensity trades can translate into a high spatial selectivity are presented. PMID- 3209488 TI - Electrically evoked brainstem potentials in cochlear implant patients with multi electrode stimulation. AB - The electrically evoked brainstem potential was measured in cochlear implant patients with Symbion multichannel electrode system. In the first experiment, electrodes within the implant were stimulated individually and the responses and sensitivity across electrodes and across subjects were evaluated. The typical response waveform consisted of a series of three peaks, the most prominent occurring at approximately 4 ms after stimulus onset. The amplitude of the largest peak typically showed an orderly increase with increasing current level while latency changes were relatively small. In the second experiment, two electrodes were stimulated simultaneously in order to evaluate the relative independence of the neural populations being stimulated by the different electrode pairs. The responses were compared when two electrode pairs were stimulated simultaneously with current pulses in phase and when the same electrodes were stimulated with current pulses inverted relative to each other. Both stimulation conditions showed similar growth in response amplitude with level but different sensitivity. The differences in sensitivity between these two conditions may be indicative of the degree of overlap in the stimulated neural populations. PMID- 3209487 TI - Investigations into the nature of the association between threshold microstructure and otoacoustic emissions. AB - Three studies are described which investigate the nature of the association between threshold microstructure and otoacoustic emissions. In the first study, threshold dips (similar in shape to those seen in threshold microstructure) are produced by introducing a low-level masker. Threshold microstructure is not abolished when tonal probes are replaced by narrowband-noise probes, while dips induced by external tonal maskers are eliminated. These findings rule out a simple interpretation of the microstructure dips as an instance of masking by otoacoustic emissions. In the second study, ear-canal measurements of the interactions of external tones with spontaneous emissions indicate that, although beating is often detected near threshold maxima, stimuli close to threshold minima are perceived as tonal because the emission is frequency locked by the external tone. The last study shows that reduction of the levels of otoacoustic emissions by aspirin consumption is associated with an initial reduction of thresholds in regions of threshold microstructure, with the greatest reduction occurring at threshold maxima. This suggests that threshold maxima may be due, at least in part, to interference or masking by the nearby otoacoustic emissions. A simple analog (driven Van der Pol oscillator) of an external tone interacting with a spontaneous emission is used to interpret ear-canal pressure waveforms and associated psychophysical percepts (including threshold detection), for tones close in frequency to emissions. PMID- 3209489 TI - Modulation of cochlear tuning by low-frequency sound. AB - An intense, low-frequency tone (about 30 Hz) modulates the sensitivity of the inner ear to high-frequency stimulation. This modulation is correlated with the displacement of the basilar membrane. The findings suggest that the modulation may also affect cochlear tuning. We have investigated modulation of cochlear tuning by low-frequency sound in the guinea pig. Applying indirect methods of measurement (narrow-band analysis of compound action potentials and compound action-potential tuning curves), the results suggest a shift of the excitation pattern along the basilar membrane towards higher-frequency areas. The shift occurred for both scala tympani and scala vestibuli displacement of the cochlear partition. Tuning curves, obtained from single units in the cochlear nerve, show sensitivity loss and a tip shift towards lower frequencies. This was also found for both scala tympani displacement and scala vestibuli displacement. The shift of the tip of the tuning curve towards lower frequencies corresponds to the inferred high-frequency shift of the excitation pattern. The relationship of these phenomena with the pathophysiology of Meniere's disease and with possible active mechanisms in cochlear transduction is discussed. PMID- 3209490 TI - The effects of pentoxifylline on cochlear blood flow in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were given arterial infusions of saline and pentoxifylline in doses of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/kg/min. Blood pressure decreased in a dose related fashion with increasing doses of pentoxifylline. Cochlear blood flow, measured via laser Doppler flowmeter, increased with infusion of pentoxifylline in members of both rat strains, but to a greater extent in SHRs than in normotensive animals. The mechanism of action appears to be decreased red blood cell rigidity which allows increased penetration of red blood cells into microvessels of the cochlea. PMID- 3209491 TI - The spatial representation of frequency in the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus. AB - The spatial distribution of neural activity produced by tones was assessed in the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and inferior colliculus (IC), using the 2 deoxyglucose (2-DG) technique. Eight pure tones, spanning the range of reported single unit characteristic frequencies in the rat, were presented at 40 dB above behavioral threshold. The relationship between frequency of stimulation and location of neural activity within each nucleus was evaluated quantitatively. Based on the 2-DG uptake pattern across animals, a tonotopic axis in the transverse plane was defined for each nucleus. This axis transected the centers of regions of evoked 2-DG uptake for each frequency. There was an orderly relationship between stimulus frequency and the location of evoked neural activity along the axis. Each pure tone stimulus activated an approximately equal proportion of this axis, for all frequencies tested, in both the DCN and IC. This suggests the existence of equal 'spatial bandwidths, in rat central auditory structures, across its entire frequency range. Equal spatial bandwidths could facilitate signal analysis strategies which require interaction between neurons with closely-related CFs. In the horizontal plane, however, the proportion of stimulated tissue was not equal across frequency. High-frequency (greater than 8 kHz) tones produced increased neural activity along a much greater extent of the anterior-to-posterior axis of the IC than did low-frequency tones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209492 TI - Eighth nerve fiber firing features in normal-hearing rabbits. AB - Neural activity of single eighth nerve fibers was recorded with glass microelectrodes in anesthetized normal-hearing rabbits. The units had a spontaneous rate ranging from 0 to approximately 120 spikes/s. In a large number of fibers this rate was below 2 spikes/s. The frequency tuning curves (FTCs) had a tip and a tail region for fibers with a high or medium characteristic frequency (CF). For low-frequency units the FTC was more symmetrically U-shaped. The tip threshold reached the behavioral threshold and units with thresholds of up to more than 60 dB above the mean behavioral threshold were found. There was a weak negative correlation between spontaneous rate and tip threshold. Frequency selectivity, Q10, was about 2 for units with CF below 2 kHz and about 5 for those with CF above 4 kHz. The peristimulus time (PST) histogram showed an initial peak, a plateau, and poststimulus inhibition. For the majority of fibers the dynamic range was 20-30 dB. Some fibers did not reach saturation within the stimulus intensity available. The tip-to-tail distance was 50 dB for high frequency units at one octave below CF, a matter of potential interest for further studies of animals with inner ear lesions. PMID- 3209493 TI - Zinc-containing fiber systems in the cochlear nuclei of the rat and mouse. AB - Zinc-containing neurons are cells which sequester zinc in the vesicles of their axonal boutons; such zinc-containing fiber systems have been previously shown to innervate many limbic and cerebrocortical brain regions. The present study of rats and mice shows that zinc-containing axons also innervate the cochlear nuclei, forming two morphologically-distinct projection systems. One zinc containing pathway innervates the molecular stratum of the dorsal nucleus, supplying a diffuse, even band of neuropil staining throughout the stratum. The other pathway projects sparsely to the various small cell (granule cell) regions of the nuclei where the zinc-positive elements form scattered clusters and threads of bouton-like puncta amidst the granule neuron somata. Preliminary observations indicate that the pattern is the same in the cat as in the rat and mouse. PMID- 3209494 TI - Sound localization acuity in the cat: effect of azimuth, signal duration, and test procedure. AB - The sound localization acuity of cats was determined at 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees from the median sagittal plane for four durations of noise bursts using two behavioral procedures. Similar thresholds were also obtained for humans. The cats' average thresholds for a 40 ms noise burst ranged from 4.8 degrees at 0 degrees azimuth to 9.0 degrees at 90 degrees azimuth. Comparable thresholds for humans ranged from 1.3 degrees at 0 degrees to 9.7 degrees at 90 degrees. The fact that humans and cats had similar thresholds at 90 degrees azimuth suggests that the mobile pinnae of the cat are not an advantage in localizing sound in the lateral fields. Varying the duration of the stimulus from 10 ms to 'continuous' had little effect on threshold. No difference was found between the results of the two behavioral procedures. PMID- 3209495 TI - Synergistic interactions of gentamicin and pure tones causing cochlear hair cell loss in pigmented guinea pigs. AB - The effects of single and repeated combinations of gentamicin and sound on Preyer reflex and cochlear hair cells in pigmented guinea pigs have been examined. Gentamicin at 50 mg/kg for 10 days and an 8 kHz pure tone (116 dB for 60 min) cause little or no hair cell loss when given alone. In combination, hair cell loss occurs with the gentamicin and sound acting synergistically. If the pure tone is given on the first of a 10-day gentamicin course there is considerable loss of hair cells in the basal coil; if given on the 10th day the loss is several times less. Repeating the treatments after 3 weeks increases the hair cell loss and the synergistic effect. A possible explanation for the differential synergistic effect is discussed. PMID- 3209497 TI - Influence of concentration, duration and route of administration of melatonin on reproductive performance of spring-mated polypay and polypay-cross ewes. AB - The effects of exogenous melatonin on reproductive performance of 737 Polypay and Polypay-cross ewes were evaluated during a late March and April breeding period. Different concentrations (2 or 10 mg) routes of administration (fed vs implanted) and durations of administration (20 or 40 d before breeding) were studied. Estrus was synchronized in all ewes using 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) in a vaginal pessary. Number of mature ewes lambing/ewe present at lambing was increased (P less than .05) nearly 20% by implanting for 40 d with melatonin (75%) or by feeding either 2 (72%) or 10 mg (73%) melatonin for 40 d before spring breeding compared with untreated control ewes (54%) or ewes implanted for only 20 d before breeding (58%). Date of lambing, number of lambs born/ewes lambing and number of lambs born alive/ewe lambing were not altered significantly by treatments. Number of yearling ewes (n = 166 for ewes 1.5 yr old at lambing time) lambing/ewe present at lambing was lower (P less than .01; 26%) than that of mature ewes (n = 381, greater than or equal to 2.0 yr; 68%). We concluded that feeding 2 or 10 mg melatonin or implanting melatonin for 40 d enhanced reproductive performance and effectively overcame the restrictions of seasonality of breeding in mature ewes. In yearling ewes, 10 mg melatonin increased the number of ewes lambing. PMID- 3209496 TI - Influence of envelope rise time on neural responses in the auditory system of anurans. AB - The influence of envelope rise time on neural responses was investigated in the central auditory pathway of frogs. Single unit and evoked potential recordings were made from the dorsal medullary nucleus (DMN) and thalamus, respectively. It was found that phasic neurons (15% of the population) in the DMN responded preferentially to stimuli with rapid (less than 25 ms) rise times. Acoustically evoked potentials (AEPs) recorded from the thalamus, specifically the Nucleus of Bellonci, also showed more pronounced responses to stimuli with rapid, rather than slower, envelope rise times. Interestingly, the leopard frog mating call, which has a rapid onset, elicited strong neuronal discharge both within the DMN and thalamus. In contrast, the mating call of bullfrogs, a species sympatric with leopard frogs, has a characteristically slow (greater than 100 ms) envelope rise time and elicited little, if any, response. These findings indicate the presence of neural specializations within the frog's auditory pathway for the optimal detection of the conspecific mating call. The relevance of these findings for stimulus coding in the auditory pathway of other vertebrates is discussed. PMID- 3209498 TI - Effect of prenatal androgenization on growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers and heifers. AB - Two experiments were conducted in which pregnant crossbred cows were randomly assigned to a control group or implanted with testosterone propionate/silastic implants between d 110 and 140 of gestation in Exp. 1 and between d 80 and 110 of gestation in Exp. 2. Androgenized heifers (TH) and treated steers (TS), born to implanted dams, possessed similar birth weights compared with control heifers (CH) and steers (CS), respectively, in both experiments. In Exp. 1, yield grades were lower (P less than .05) for TH than for CH. In Exp. 2, TH possessed 9.4% greater (P less than .07) 205-d adjusted weaning weights and 9.8% heavier (P less than .05) adjusted yearling weights than CH. In Exp. 2, daily gain was 19.5% faster (P less than .05) and feed intake was 13.6% greater (P less than .05) for TH than for CH. In Exp. 2, TH possessed less (P less than .05) s.c. fat, greater (P less than .10) carcass weight gains and lower (P less than .05) yield grades than CH. Liver weight per unit of carcass weight was greater (P less than .07) for TH than for CH in Exp. 2. Androgenized heifers had lower (P less than .07) lipid content in the 9-10-11th rib section than did CH. Calving intervals were similar for implanted and nonimplanted cows in both experiments. Results from these two trials suggest that efficiency of heifers for producing carcass beef can be improved by prenatal testosterone exposure. PMID- 3209499 TI - Effect of lasalocid on reproductive performance and subsequent lactation in the sow. AB - The effect of lasalocid (140 mg . head-1 . d-1) on sow reproductive performance and subsequent piglet performance during lactation were examined in a trial that involved 114 sows. Treatments consisted of 1) control diet with no lasalocid during gestation and lactation; 2) lasalocid diet during gestation, control diet during lactation; 3) control diet during gestation and lasalocid diet during lactation; and 4) lasalocid diet during gestation and lactation. The addition of lasalocid either to gestation or lactation diets had no effect (P greater than .10) on sow weight gains or days to return to estrus postweaning. Milk protein percentages were similar (P greater than .10) for sows in all treatment groups for samples taken at 3, 7 and 14 d postfarrowing. Milk fat percentages were higher (P less than .05) in fall-bred sows at d 3 for Treatments 1, 3 and 4 than for Treatment 2 No significant differences (P less than .10) were observed for litter size at birth, 21 d postfarrowing or at weaning. Piglet weights at birth, 21 d and weaning were similar (P less than .10) among treatment groups. However, litter size and litter weight gains tended to be heavier at 21 d postfarrowing and at weaning for fall-bred sows fed lasalocid in either gestation and (or) lactation compared with those fed the control diet. PMID- 3209500 TI - Genetic parameter estimates for preweaning traits of beef cattle in a stressful environment. AB - Data collected from 1957 through 1985 from a Hereford herd located in the Southwest were analyzed separately for each sex to evaluate the heritabilities of and genetic correlations among preweaning growth traits within groups of environmentally similar years. Data were grouped into years with poor, moderate and good environments based on contemporary group means for male calves' weaning weight. A total of 7,690 records were analyzed for birth weight, weaning weight and preweaning daily gain with a model that included year of birth, sire within year of birth, age of dam and a covariate of day of birth for birth weight or age at weaning for the weaning traits. Year of birth was a significant source of variation in all environments for all traits, accounting for more of the variation in the good and poor years than in moderate years. Heritability estimates for all traits were greater in good and moderate years than in poor years for bull calves. For heifers, however, estimates for weaning weight and preweaning daily gain were greater in the poor environment. Genetic correlations among birth weight and preweaning gain increased from the good environment to the poor environment (-.49 +/- .26 to .82 +/- .56 for male calves and -.09 +/- 2.6 to .46 +/- .25 for female calves) but phenotypic correlations were near zero in all environments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209501 TI - Photoperiod and heat stress influence on lactating sow performance and photoperiod effects on nursery pig performance. AB - Three experiments were conducted to evaluate sow and piglet productivity under extended photoperiod. In Exp. 1, 98 crossbred, lactating sows were housed in one of four treatments: thermoneutral air temperature (23.6 degrees C) in either (h of light:dark) 1:23 or 16:8 photoperiods, or heat stress (30.4 degrees C) in either 1:23 or 16:8 photoperiods. Heat stress reduced (P less than .05) sow feed intake, piglet mortality and piglet weaning weight and increased (P less than .01) sow lactation weight loss. Number of pigs weaned per litter was increased (P less than .01) when sows were heat-stressed. Extended photoperiod reduced (P greater than .05) time for sows to rebreed postweaning by .4 d. The interaction between air temperature and photoperiod was significant only for sow lactation weight loss. Heat stress increased sow lactation weight loss, but this effect was more severe in the 1:23 than in the 16:8 photoperiod. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the effects of 1:23 or 16:8 photoperiods on nursery pig performance when pigs were weaned from sows experiencing 1:23 (Exp. 3) or 16:8 (Exp. 2) photoperiods. In both nursery studies, photoperiod did not influence (P greater than .10) postweaning pig mortality, feed intake, weight gain or gain:feed ratio. In conclusion, extended photoperiod reduced days to return to estrus and reduced sow lactation weight loss, especially during heat stress. No benefits in preweaning or postweaning piglet weight or survival were observed by use of extended photoperiod. PMID- 3209502 TI - Pituitary porcine growth hormone (pGH) and a recombinant pGH analog stimulate pig growth performance in a similar manner. AB - This study was conducted to establish the extent to which different doses of pituitary porcine growth hormone (ppGH) increase pig growth performance. Pigs were treated daily for 11 wk with 0, 35 or 70 micrograms ppGH/kg BW. In addition, these effects were compared with those produced by treating pigs with 0, 35, 70 or 140 micrograms.kg BW-1.d-1 of a recombinantly derived analog of porcine growth hormone (rpGH). This analog lacks the first seven amino acids at the NH2 terminus. Growth rate was increased similarly by ppGH and rpGH (the maximal increase was 19%). Feed efficiency was improved by ppGH and rpGH (the maximal response was 25%). This improvement in feed efficiency was associated with a decrease in feed intake (17% with the largest dose of rpGH). Both ppGH and rpGH decreased adipose tissue growth and increased muscle mass. Carcass lipid was decreased by 68% in pigs treated with the largest dose of rpGH. The recombinant pGH analog appeared to be less potent than ppGH in decreasing adipose tissue growth rate. All other parameters measured, however, indicated that rpGH mimicked the biological effects of ppGH (including binding to pig liver membranes and induction of insulin-like growth factor I production). Sensory panel evaluations indicated that neither ppGH nor rpGH affected pork palatability. Larger doses of pGH (greater than 70 micrograms/kg BW) adversely affected pig mobility. This impairment in mobility appears to be due to osteochondrosis. Our findings establish that the rpGH analog is equipotent to ppGH in stimulating growth performance and that pigs can be treated without any significant adverse effects when they are treated with less than 70 micrograms of pGH.kg BW-1.d-1. PMID- 3209503 TI - Influence of diet on growth rate and carcass composition of steers differing in frame size and muscle thickness. AB - One hundred seventy-three steer calves, selected at weaning to represent USDA classifications for frame size (Large, L; Medium, M; Small, S) and muscle thickness (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3), were assigned to three finishing diets (grain, 3.03 Mcal ME/kg DM; silage, 2.46 Mcal ME/kg DM; forage, 2.06 Mcal ME/kg DM), forming a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial with unequal subclass numbers. The steers were slaughtered at constant weights corresponding to their respective frame size classifications (L = 590 kg, M = 499 kg; S = 408 kg). Individual live weights were recorded every 28 d during finishing and, following slaughter, one side of each carcass was dissected into muscle, bone and fat. Diet interacted with frame size to affect growth rate. Frame-related differences in growth rate were very pronounced among grain-fed steers (L greater than M greater than S) but became smaller in magnitude as feeding intensity was reduced. Diet also had a significant effect on percentage separable carcass fat, despite the fact that the steers were slaughtered at a similar percentage (approximately 60%) of their estimated potential mature weights. Carcasses produced by grain-finished steers were fattest, and those produced by forage-finished cattle were leanest. The comparative fatness of steers finished on silage was dependent on frame size. Within the L class, carcasses produced by silage-finished steers were comparatively lean and were similar in fatness to carcasses produced by forage finished cattle. Conversely, S steers finished on silage produced carcasses that were comparable in fatness to carcasses from grain-finished cattle. Frame-related differences in percentage carcass fat were significant only within the silage treatment group (S greater than L). Differences in carcass muscle-to-bone ratio were directionally consistent with visually discernible differences in feeder cattle muscling (No. 1 greater than No. 2 greater than No. 3). The effects of muscle thickness on muscle-to-bone ratio were most pronounced within the L class.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3209504 TI - Effect of predigestion factors on the apparent digestibility of protein for swine determined by the Mobile Nylon Bag Technique. AB - Five Yorkshire x Lacombe barrows (45 kg initial wt) fitted with duodenal cannulas approximately 10 cm from the pyloric sphincter were used to determine the influence of the pH of the predigestion solution (pH 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5), pepsin activity (189 vs 377 IU/liter) and duration of predigestion (0, 1.5, 2.5 or 4.0 h) on the apparent digestibility of the protein in soybean meal (SBM), meal and bone meal (MBM) or canola meal (CM) determined with the Mobile Nylon Bag Technique (MNBT). An additional six barrows were used to determine protein digestibility by conventional methods. Protein digestibilities determined using conventional digestibility techniques were 93.1 +/- .7, 79.1 +/- 1.8 and 79.3 +/- 1.4% for the SBM, MBM and CM diets, respectively. Protein digestibilities determined with the MNBT were highest at pH 2.0 for all three protein sources. Increasing pepsin activity from 189 to 377 IU/liter resulted in a slight increase in the digestibility of SBM and CM, but not of MBM. The absence of predigestion (0 h) resulted in a dramatic reduction in protein digestibility; predigestion times of 1.5 or 2.5 h usually resulted in lower protein digestibilities than did a predigestion time of 4.0 h. The closest agreement between results obtained by the MNBT and conventional digestibility studies occurred with a pH of 2.0, a predigestion time of 4.0 h and a pepsin activity of 377 IU/liter. PMID- 3209505 TI - In vitro metabolism of formononetin and biochanin A in bovine rumen fluid. AB - The phyto-estrogens formononetin (7-hydroxy-4'methoxyisoflavone) and biochanin A (5-7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone) were independently incubated in vitro at 39 degrees C in bovine rumen fluid from a fistulated steer receiving an alfalfa hay diet. Formononetin was incubated in studies 1 and 2, whereas biochanin A was incubated in study 3. The isoflavones were separated and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. In study 1, formononetin concentration, 14.80 micrograms/ml at time 0, declined to 1.16 micrograms/ml by 12 h and to .76 micrograms/ml by 24 h. Daidzein (7,4-dihydroxyisoflavone), .18 micrograms/ml at time 0, peaked at 12.92 micrograms/ml at 6 h and decreased to 1.30 micrograms/ml by 24 h. Equol (7,4'-dihydroxyisoflavan), detected at 6 h, peaked at 16.94 micrograms/ml at 18 h and dropped to 12.64 micrograms/ml at 24 h. In incubation study 2, formononetin declined from 17.57 micrograms/ml at time 0 to 7.08 micrograms/ml by 6 h. Daidzein concentration was 1.75 micrograms/ml at time 0 and increased to 12.03 micrograms/ml by 6 h. Equol was detected at 3 h and increased to 2.32 micrograms/ml at 6 h. The half-lives were 4.3 for formononetin and 9.8 h for daidzein in this in vitro system. In study 3, biochanin A, 8.54 micrograms/ml at time 0, decreased to 0 micrograms/ml by 12 h in incubation 3, whereas genistein (5,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone), 3.17 micrograms/ml at 1 h, peaked at 7.35 micrograms/ml at 4 h and decreased to .32 micrograms/ml at 24 h. Equol was not detected in incubation study 3. The half-lives of biochanin A and genistein were 3.9 and 5.5 h, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209506 TI - Nitrogen kinetics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-stressed calves. AB - Eight crossbred feeder steers were used in two consecutive N balance studies to investigate the effects of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) on N kinetics. Balance Study 1, which followed a 10-d acclimation phase, consisted of 7 d of sample collection referred to as the healthy phase (d -7 to d -1). Study 2, the IBRV-infected phase, began 2 d after a nasal IBRV challenge and continued for 6 d (d 2 to d 8). A stable isotope, [15N]-glycine, was used to determine N kinetics in both studies. Steers weighed 203 kg at the beginning of the study, 208 kg at IBRV infection and 194 kg at the end of study. Infection with IBRV increased (P less than .05) urinary N excretion from 17.9 to 31.5 g/d. Daily N balance was reduced (P less than .05) during infection from 21.2 to -3.3 g/d. Total serum proteins increased (P less than .05) during infection from 6.6 to 7.1 g/100 ml, the increase being predominantly in the alpha and gamma globulin fractions. Blood urea-N increased (P less than .05) during infection from 6.5 to 12.9 mg/100 ml. The urine excretion curve of the stable isotope and the N balance data indicated that IBRV infection increased N turnover and altered tissue utilization of N. PMID- 3209508 TI - Hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis during a period of fatty liver development in sheep. AB - Fatty liver was induced in six sheep by fasting and treatment with phloridzin and epinephrine. Treatment was associated with a rise in the concentration in serum and hepatic uptake of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) compared with pretreatment (P less than .01). At 24 h after the start of the treatment, concentrations of serum lipoprotein in each density class were not different from baseline, but all were elevated (P less than .01) by 120 h of treatment. Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) concentration increased (P less than .01) 17-fold within the first 48 h of treatment, with no additional increase during the remaining 72 h. The activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) in hepatic microsomes increased (P less than .01) fourfold over baseline by 48 h of treatment, then declined slightly by 120 h. The activities of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and glycerolphosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) in hepatic microsomes increased during treatment but appeared to follow a slightly different pattern from that of PAP. Activity of GPAT was not above baseline at 48 h, but was at 120 h (P less than .05); DGAT activity was increased (P less than .05) twofold at 48 h, with an apparent continued increase (P less than .01) to threefold over baseline by 120 h of treatment. Fatty liver appeared to develop during a period of rapid hepatic uptake of NEFA without a corresponding increase in serum lipoprotein concentrations. The activities of PAP, GPAT and DGAT, putative regulators of TG synthesis rate, all increased in liver microsomes during a period of high hepatic NEFA uptake, but that of PAP appeared to coincide most closely with the development of fatty liver. PMID- 3209507 TI - The effects of dietary crude protein level on rate, efficiency and composition of gain of growing beef bulls. AB - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary CP level on rate, efficiency and composition of gain of growing beef bulls. In Exp. 1, 59 bulls (333 +/- 15.8 kg) were used. Eleven bulls were slaughtered on d 0 to provide an estimate of initial carcass composition (9-10-11 rib section chemical analyses), and remaining bulls were assigned to treatment diets containing 10, 12 or 14% dietary CP. Bulls fed the 10% CP diet grew slower (P less than .05) than bulls fed the 12 or 14% CP diets, although dry matter intake and feed-to-gain ratio did not differ. Bulls fed the 12% CP diet had fatter carcasses (P less than .05) than bulls fed the 10 or 14% CP diets and had greater daily fat accretion than bulls fed the 10% CP diet. In Exp. 2, 60 bulls (318 +/- 9.0 kg) were used. Bulls were assigned to initial slaughter (n = 6) or to one of three dietary treatments, 10, 12 or 14% CP, and were slaughtered after feeding for 66, 136 or 202 d (n = 6 . treatment -1 . slaughter time -1). Bulls fed 10% CP diets had lower (P less than .05) rates of carcass protein accretion during d 0 to 136 and d 0 to 202. Carcass fat gain was similar among treatments over the entire experiment, although bulls fed the 14% CP diet gained more fat during d 0 to 136 than bulls fed the other treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209510 TI - Effects of dietary iron on performance and mineral utilization in lambs fed a forage-based diet. AB - Twenty-four lambs, averaging 29 kg, were used to determine the effect of supplemental dietary Fe on performance and Cu, P, Zn and Mn utilization. Treatments consisted of supplemental Fe at 0, 300, 600 or 1,200 mg/kg diet as ferrous carbonate. The basal diet contained 154 mg Fe/kg diet and consisted of 90% Coastal bermudagrass pellets, 9.45% group corn, .5% sodium chloride and .05% vitamin mix. Lambs were slaughtered after having ad libitum access to diets for 98 to 121 d. Dietary Fe did not affect lamb gain or feed intake. Supplemental Fe increased Fe concentrations in liver (P less than .01), spleen (P less than .01) and bone (P less than .10), but not in kidney and muscle. Serum Fe concentrations and percentage transferrin saturation in serum were increased (P less than .01) by supplemental Fe at 28 and 84 d, but not at the termination of the study. Plasma Cu was decreased (P less than .01) at 56 d, whereas serum ceruloplasmin activity was reduced (P less than .01) at 28 d in lambs fed 1,200 mg Fe/kg diet compared with lambs fed 600 mg Fe/kg diet. Lower levels of Fe (300 and 600) reduced (P less than .01) ceruloplasmin by 56 d and plasma Cu by 84 d compared with controls. Liver Cu also was decreased (P less than .05) by supplemental Fe. Plasma P was decreased slightly (P less than .10) by 28 d and significantly (P less than .01) at the other sampling dates by supplemental Fe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209509 TI - Effects of rumen-protected amino acids on ruminant nitrogen balance, plasma amino acid concentrations and performance. AB - A series of trials was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental rumen protected methionine (RPMet) and lysine (RPLys) on nutrient metabolism and performance. In situ RPMet N disappearance was less than 4% following 48 h of incubation and was not affected (P greater than .05) by diet or resultant ruminal pH differences, indicating that RPMet was well protected from ruminal microbial degradation. Thirty-five Dorset-sired crossbred wether lambs (avg wt 28 kg) fed ground corn-soybean hull diets supplemented with urea were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 1) 0% RPMet, 2) .03% RPMet, 3) .06% RPMet, 4) .09% RPMet or 5) .12% RPMet. Dry matter, fiber and N digestibilities and N retention were not affected (P greater than .05) by treatment. Plasma methionine concentration tended to increase linearly (P less than .07) with dietary RPMet level. Six Simmental X Angus steers (avg wt 427 kg) were fed a corn grain-corn silage diet supplemented with urea and five levels of RPMet: 1) 0%, 2) .04%, 3) .08%, 4) .12% and 5) .16%. The plasma methionine concentration increased linearly (P less than .01) with dietary RPMet level. In a steer performance trial, no improvements in feedlot performance resulted due to these RPMet levels (P greater than .05), suggesting that the control diet (0% RPMet) was meeting the methionine requirement of these steers. The effects of RPMet and RPLys on growing and finishing steer feedlot performance also were evaluated. Treatments were 1) urea control, 2) soybean meal positive control, 3) .09% RPMet + .06% RPLys, 4) .12% RPMet + .08% RPLys and 5) .15% RPMet + .10% RPLys. In the growing trial, added RPMet and RPLys did not improve steer feedlot performance. In the finishing trial, only steers fed .09% RPMet + .06% RPLys had higher (P less than .05) gains than those fed the urea control diet. These trials indicate that postruminal methionine and lysine supplies were not limiting feedlot steer performance. PMID- 3209511 TI - Effects of forage source on ruminal microbial nitrogen metabolism and carbohydrate digestion in continuous culture. AB - Eight single-flow, continuous culture fermentors were used in Exp. 1 to study the effects of forage source on ruminal bacterial N metabolism and carbohydrate digestion. Forages included alfalfa, cicer milkvetch, birdsfoot trefoil and sainfoin with respective CP concentrations of 26.0, 28.7, 26.3 and 20.0%. Each forage provided 100% of the substrate for microbial metabolism and supplied 2.6 g N/d. Ammonia-N, protein degradation and efficiency of ruminal bacterial protein synthesis were lowest (P less than .05) for sainfoin. Protein degradation and efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis were higher (P less than .05) for birdsfoot trefoil than for alfalfa. Effluent flow of amino acids was highest (P less than .05) for sainfoin. Total nonstructural carbohydrate digestion tended to be highest for sainfoin and birdsfoot trefoil, whereas structural carbohydrate digestion was highest (P less than .05) for alfalfa and cicer milkvetch. In Exp. 2, mixed diets were supplied to dual-flow, continuous culture fermentors with alfalfa, cicer milkvetch, birdsfoot trefoil and sainfoin contributing 85% of the total dietary CP. Each diet contained approximately 12.9% CP. Ammonia-N concentration in the effluent and CP degradation tended to be lowest with the sainfoin diet and highest with the birdsfoot trefoil diet. Effluent flow of amino acids tended to be highest with the cicer milkvetch diet and lowest with the alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil diet. Total structural and nonstructural carbohydrate digestion was not different (P greater than .05) among forages. Results from these experiments indicate that bacterial degradation of protein was lower for sainfoin than for alfalfa. Birdsfoot trefoil and cicer milkvetch appear to be comparable to alfalfa with regard to metabolism of N and carbohydrates by ruminal bacteria. PMID- 3209512 TI - Biodegradation of substituted benzenes. AB - The ability of an association of micro-organisms to degrade a range of substituted aromatic compounds was assessed. Compounds were provided as sources of carbon and energy, and degradation rates monitored. The effect of the presence of other aromatic compounds and of rapidly metabolizable substrates was also investigated. The significance of bioaugmentation of waste-treatment processes with such an inoculum is discussed. PMID- 3209513 TI - Staphylococcus aureus, thermostable nuclease and staphylococcal enterotoxins in raw ewes' milk Manchego cheese. AB - Growth and survival of two enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus were studied during manufacture and ripening of eight batches of raw ewes' milk Manchego cheese. Only 2-3 generations of Staph. aureus occurred in the vat and during pressing. The death rate of Staph. aureus (mean decrease in log cfu/g/week of ripening) from day 1 to day 60 was 0.421 in cheese made with 1% Streptococcus lactis starter and 0.404 in cheese made without starter. Thermostable nuclease was produced in the vat by growing Staph. aureus cells; it was inactivated by rennet during the first 24 h and synthesized again by surviving cells of Staph. aureus from day 1 to day 60. Staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C and D were not detected in any batches of cheese, even though Staph. aureus counts exceeded 10(7) cfu/g. PMID- 3209514 TI - Electropositively charged filters for the recovery of yeasts and bacteria from beverages. AB - The ability of electropositively charged filters to recover yeasts and lactic acid bacteria from a variety of beverages was evaluated. Filtration through 'Zeta plus', grade O5S, filters recovered nearly all of the yeast contaminants from table wines, sherry and port. Recovery of yeasts from cream liqueurs and egg based beverages was also good but it was not possible to filter drinks containing orange juice, even through filters with nominal pore sizes of 2 to 10 micron. Lactic acid bacteria proved more difficult to recover than yeasts, even though smaller pore-sized filters (1 to 4 micron) were employed. However, a sufficiently high percentage of bacteria were recovered to justify use of these filters for quality assurance. The advantage of concentrating contaminants by using charged filters, and the influence of product composition on the efficiency of microbial adsorption are discussed. The growth of wine-spoiling yeasts and lactic acid bacteria were not inhibited by water- or ethanol-soluble extracts of the filter material. PMID- 3209515 TI - Metabolism and some characteristics of lactobacilli isolated from the rumen of young calves. AB - Fourteen strains of lactobacilli isolated from the rumen of young calves were studied to determine their biochemical characteristics, growth parameters, metabolism on lactose and sensitivity to 28 antimicrobial agents. Thirteen homofermentative strains belonged to Lactobacillus acidophilus and one heterofermentative strain resembled Lact. fermentum. The relevance of rumen lactobacilli to the nutrition of calves is discussed. PMID- 3209516 TI - Use of a computer data file for storage of heat resistance data on bacterial spores. AB - The use of a computer data file to compile published heat resistance data on bacterial spores is described. Information relating to sporulation, heating and recovery of the spores, in addition to decimal reduction times at different temperatures has been stored. The data file was constructed using Minitab and an indexer program on a VAX 11/750 computer operating on VMS. Storage of the data in this way enables rapid manipulation and analysis of large quantities of information relating to heat resistance of bacterial spores. PMID- 3209517 TI - Presumptive identification of nocardias in a clinical laboratory. AB - One hundred and thirty-six cultures of aerobic streptomycetes were examined by simple cultural and microscopical methods. Nocardia spp. were recognized by their resistance to lysozyme and identified to the three important species by casein, xanthine and tyrosine hydrolysis tests. PMID- 3209518 TI - Numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns of Campylobacter laridis and allied thermophilic campylobacters from the natural environment. AB - Twenty-one strains comprising Campylobacter laridis (nine), nalidixic acid sensitive campylobacters (NASC) (four), and urease-positive thermophilic campylobacters (UPTC) (eight) were characterized by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE of cellular proteins. The UPTC and NASC strains included six from river water, two from mussels and four from sea water. The type strains of three other Campylobacter species were included for reference. The protein patterns, which contained 45-50 discrete bands, were highly reproducible and were used as the basis for two numerical analyses. In the first, which included all the protein bands, the 21 strains formed nine clusters at the 80% similarity (S) level. The typical C. laridis strains were restricted to two phenons (2 and 5); the atypical strains being distributed among the remaining phenons. In the second analysis, which excluded the principal protein bands (40-48.5 kD range), the 21 strains formed five clusters at the 80% S level. The typical C. laridis strains were relatively homogeneous and fell into a single phenon (2) within which two subgroups were discernable. The atypical strains were more heterogeneous with respect to background protein pattern, with representatives appearing in all five phenons. An electropherotyping scheme comprising six electropherotypes, and based on both analyses is proposed. The high within-group S level and separation from reference strains of Campylobacter in the second analysis, suggested that UPTC and NASC strains belonged within C. laridis possibly as biovars. PMID- 3209519 TI - A numerical taxonomic study of non-motile non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria from foods. AB - A numerical taxonomic study using 155 unit characters was performed on 63 strains of Gram-negative non-motile non-fermentative bacteria isolated from proteinaceous foods. Similar bacteria from other sources and several Pseudomonas strains from meat were included for reference purposes. Three clusters were observed at 76% S which contained all the food strains. Cluster 1 was composed entirely of Acinetobacter strains including 17 isolated from foods that were provisionally identified with Acinetobacter johnsonii. Cluster 2 contained 22 strains identified as Psychrobacter immobilis, of which 20 were from food. Cluster 3 contained all the Pseudomonas reference strains and 26 non-motile strains isolated from meat. These were shown to be non-motile variants of Pseudomonas fragi. A simple identification scheme, based on five tests, is presented for the distinction of the three types of bacteria. PMID- 3209520 TI - Treatment of water for aquatic bacterial growth studies. AB - The composition of a water is inextricably linked to its nutrient status and hence influences the behaviour of bacteria in artificial water systems. It has not yet been possible to devise a defined liquid medium representative of the complex composition of a treated water. Instead sterilized natural or distilled waters are used to study the growth or survival of aquatic bacteria in the laboratory. This has led to conflicting data and opposing opinions when the same water has proved toxic in some laboratory studies and growth-supporting in others. These differences may be explained by the variations in chemical compositions which occur when water is collected, transported and treated or stored in the laboratory. This study describes a simple, membrane filtration method of preparing a fresh sample of water collected from the environment or a building water system such that it is both sterile and chemically unaltered. The availability of such water may enhance understanding of the behaviour of bacteria in the aquatic environment. PMID- 3209521 TI - Water hygiene of two swimming pools: microbial indicators. AB - The microbiological quality of the water of two swimming pools was evaluated to determine which organisms might be the best indicators of pollution. Membrane filtration gave low numbers of the common indicators of faecal pollution but high counts of the indigenous skin bacteria. As illnesses normally contracted in a swimming pool are mostly those of the skin rather than intestinal, it is suggested that the best indicators of the hygienic condition of water in a swimming pool are staphylococci because of their resistance to disinfection, high numbers in the environment, and ease of recovery. PMID- 3209522 TI - The clinical impact of antibiotic resistance. PMID- 3209523 TI - In-vitro susceptibility testing of Nocardia spp. and its taxonomic implication. AB - By disc diffusion, 28 clinical isolates of four species of Nocardia were tested against 16 antimicrobial agents. Among the drugs included in the study, only a few exhibited in-vitro activities. A species difference in susceptibility was noted for amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, kanamycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, minocycline and erythromycin, which was of clinical and taxonomic interest. All six N. brasiliensis and six N. otitidis-caviarum were susceptible to gentamicin and minocycline, while all 15 N. asteroides were not. In addition, N. otitidis caviarum was susceptible to kanamycin and chloramphenicol, while the sensitivity of N. farcinica was less predictable. The only antibiotic to which members of all of the Nocardia species tested were susceptible was amikacin, which therefore appears to be a good candidate for the treatment of all forms of nocardial infections. PMID- 3209524 TI - Susceptibility of Campylobacter pylori to macrolides and fluoroquinolones. AB - The in-vitro activities of several 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides and fluoroquinolones against Campylobacter pylori were determined. In general, 14 membered macrolides, such as clarithromycin and flurithromycin, were more active than the 15-membered macrolide, azithromycin, which was more active than 16 membered macrolides, such as miocamycin and rokitamycin. Fluoroquinolones, except ciprofloxacin and A-61827, were less active than macrolides. Clarithromycin was the most active of the new compounds against C. pylori and was as active as ampicillin. MICs of all compounds at pH 5.5 were increased when compared to MICs determined at pH 7.3. All compounds had MBCs which were the same as or within one two-fold dilution of their MICs. Frequencies of spontaneous resistance development by C. pylori NCTC 11637 at four and eight times the MIC of the compounds were low and ranged from less than 1 x 10(-9) to 1 x 10(-7). PMID- 3209525 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from paediatric patients. AB - We studied 91 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the Children's and Maternity Hospital San Juan de Dios of Barcelona, Spain, from July 1984 to June 1986. All strains were recovered from miscellaneous sites in different patients. We tested their susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents: penicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, vancomycin, rifampicin, cephalothin, cefaclor and cefotaxime. In addition, for 56 of the strains, cefonicid, cefoxitin and imipenem were included. We found many strains with decreased penicillin susceptibility (52.8%). Among the beta-lactam antibiotics tested, cefotaxime and imipenem showed the lowest MIC (less than or equal to 1 mg/l). Only 5.5% of the strains showed resistance to erythromycin, and all were susceptible to vancomycin and rifampicin. Tetracycline and co trimoxazole were the antimicrobials with the highest prevalence of resistance (72.5% and 67%, respectively). Our isolates were distributed in 21 serotypes, serotype 23 being the most frequent among strains with decreased penicillin susceptibility (50%). PMID- 3209526 TI - Enhanced susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria to phagocytic killing by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes after brief exposure to aztreonam. AB - Brief exposure of Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium to supra-inhibitory concentrations of aztreonam enhanced their susceptibility to phagocytic killing by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The effect was independent of the continuous presence of the antibiotic and required the presence of serum opsonins. Phagocytic killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was enhanced by prior exposure to subminimal inhibitory concentrations, and killing, relative to control bacteria, was not increased with increasing concentrations of aztreonam above minimal inhibitory concentrations. The degree of sensitization, and the range of bacteria susceptible to antibiotic modulation varied between antibiotics. Under the conditions of these experiments, gentamicin sensitized pseudomonas, but failed to sensitize E. coli, while cefotaxime failed to sensitize serratia, and varied in it's activity against E. coli and pseudomonas. Enhanced killing of aztreonam-pretreated bacteria was associated with an increase in uptake by leucocytes. Aztreonam exposure decreased the liability of the bacteria to hydrophilic interactions in an aqueous two-phase partitioning system. These observations indicate that exposure of Gram-negative bacteria to aztreonam enhances phagocytic killing through modification of cell surface structures. This may be mediated through an increase in surface hydrophobicity which enhances bacterial association with leucocyte membranes with subsequent phagocytosis and intracellular killing. PMID- 3209527 TI - Comparative neurotoxicity of benzylpenicillin, imipenem/cilastatin and FCE 22101, a new injectible penem. AB - Rabbits were given benzylpenicillin, imipenem/cilastatin and a penem beta-lactam, FCE 22101, as constant intravenous infusions with intervals of greater than or equal to 7 days between doses. Neurotoxicity was defined as epileptogenic electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. Mean doses precipitating neurotoxicity were 486 mg/kg of benzylpenicillin, 86 mg/kg of imipenem and 102 mg/kg of FCE 22101 leading to mean serum concentrations of 606, 55 and 30 mg/l, respectively. Doses and serum concentrations of benzylpenicillin were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than those of imipenem or FCE 22101. Neurotoxicity was seen at significantly (P less than 0.02) higher serum concentrations of imipenem than of FCE 22101. Neurotoxicity seemed to be related to antibiotic concentrations in brain tissue fluid (BTF) rather than to CSF concentrations which were less than 0.2 mg/l in 10 of 11 animals tested after administration of imipenem or FCE 22101. In BTF, significantly (P less than 0.001) higher concentrations of benzylpenicillin than of imipenem or FCE 22101 were found. When related to concurrent serum concentrations, BTF penetration of benzylpenicillin and FCE 22101 did not differ significantly but both these antibiotics penetrated significantly better than imipenem. In conclusion, imipenem/cilastatin and FCE 22101 were more neurotoxic in rabbits than benzylpenicillin but did not show major differences from each other. PMID- 3209528 TI - Effect of the combination of clavulanic acid and cephalothin on an experimental infection with Yersinia enterocolitica in iron-overloaded mice. AB - Iron-overloaded mice were infected with a virulent strain of Yersinia enterocolitica by the oral route to study the effect of antimicrobial treatments. The effects of therapy were assessed by enumeration of viable yersiniae in Peyer's patches and in ileal contents. Combinations of cephalothin and clavulanic acid showed therapeutic effects, which were interpreted as in-vivo synergism, since each component alone was ineffective. Ceftazidime, which is relatively beta lactamase resistant, showed in-vivo activity similar to that of the combination of cephalothin and clavulanic acid. These results suggest that clavulanic acid is able to protect cephalothin against Y. enterocolitica beta-lactamases in vivo, as has been shown previously in vitro. PMID- 3209529 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ciprofloxacin at three different doses. AB - The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin were evaluated after single iv bolus injections of 50, 100 and 250 mg in eight young, healthy male volunteers. Concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean terminal half-life was 3.33, 3.73 and 3.45 h for 50, 100 and 250 mg doses, respectively. No significant differences between the three dose levels were noted for terminal half-life, total and renal clearances, distribution volume (Vd(ss] and percentage of dose recovered in urine over 24 h. The areas under the serum concentration curves were proportional to the given dose. We conclude that distribution and elimination of ciprofloxacin is not dose dependent. PMID- 3209530 TI - The pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in the aged. AB - Eight patients aged over 65 years (mean age 81 years), with microbiologically proven urinary tract infections were treated with 400 mg norfloxacin bd daily for six days. Blood samples were taken on day 1 and day 6 to give a concentration time profile, and on each of the other days samples were obtained before the first dose of the day. Urine was collected throughout. The mean of the maximum serum concentration of norfloxacin after the first dose was 1.5 mg/l (range 1.1 1.8 mg/l) at a mean of 3.2 h (range 1-6 h). After the last dose the mean maximum concentration was 2.2 mg/l (range 1.6-3.7 h) at 3 h (range 1-4 h). The mean serum half life was 5 h (range 3.7-6.5 h) on day 1 and 5.3 h range (4.4-6.2 h) on day 6. Serum pre-dose norfloxacin levels showed no evidence of accumulation. Mean urinary concentrations varied between 95 and 288 mg/l from day 1 to day 6. No significant adverse reactions were noted. No alteration of norfloxacin dose is suggested in the aged with normal renal function. PMID- 3209531 TI - Inhibitory antimicrobial concentrations against Campylobacter pylori in gastric mucosa. AB - Gastric mucosal concentrations of erythromycin, amoxycillin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin were determined in patients at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 38 480 min after a 500 mg dose of erythromycin ethyl succinate, erythromycin stearate, amoxycillin, pivampicillin or ciprofloxacin. All the agents attained concentrations greater than the MIC 90 for Campylobacter pylori. The macrolides attained the lowest concentrations. There was no significant difference between concentrations attained with erythromycin ethyl succinate and stearate. High concentrations were attained by amoxycillin (range 14.6-322 mg/kg) and pivampicillin (range 47.5-209 mg/kg). Ciprofloxacin attained very high concentrations (range 35-1762 mg/kg); inhibitory concentrations 35 mg/kg) were still present at 6 h after the dose. Ciprofloxacin and erythromycin are ineffective in vivo despite these high gastric mucosal concentrations. Penetration into the gastric mucus and crypts where C. pylori is found will be determined by physicochemical properties of the antimicrobials, such as pKa, stability, activity over a wide range of pH, and lipid solubility. PMID- 3209532 TI - Response rates to a staged antibiotic regimen in febrile neutropenic patients. AB - In a prospective study of 50 patients with prolonged neutropenia, we observed a 75% response rate to a staged empirical antibiotic regimen used to treat 101 episodes of fever. Additions or modifications to the protocol were rarely necessary. The use of an approach such as this improves the management of febrile neutropenic patients. PMID- 3209534 TI - Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to AZT. PMID- 3209533 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin as initial therapy for febrile neutropenic patients. AB - Imipenem 2 g daily was administered intravenously to 40 evaluable patients with neutropenia and fever. Twenty-three patients had acute leukaemia and 17 malignant lymphoma. The overall response rate was 70.0%. Of the 14 patients with documented infection, 9 (64.3%) responded. Poorer responses were observed in patients with pneumonia (40%) or pseudomonal infection (50%). The response rate was significantly higher among patients with increasing neutrophil counts during therapy (P less than 0.02). Fungal infection was a common cause of treatment failure. Gastrointestinal side effects and skin rashes were occasionally seen. No patient developed central nervous system toxicity. Imipenem is a practical alternative to antibiotic combinations for management of neutropenic infection. However, careful monitoring is essential in the subgroups of patients with pneumonia or pseudomonal infections, who may require modifications of therapy. PMID- 3209535 TI - Combination of aztreonam with anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. PMID- 3209536 TI - Optimal blood sampling time for gentamicin. PMID- 3209537 TI - The impact of resistance on the selection of chemotherapy. Papers from a symposium. California, 7-10 November 1985. PMID- 3209538 TI - Effective use of the clinical microbiology laboratory. AB - The clinician's expectations of the clinical microbiology laboratory, while valid, have not always been fulfilled. Major limitations in the accurate identification of an aetiological agent are imposed by cost considerations and poor communication between clinician and laboratory personnel. Other difficulties arise in the entire process of making use of a clinical microbiology laboratory, ranging from specimen collection to interpretation of results. These problems can be partially overcome by the use of guidelines for specimen collection which are designed to provide a sufficient amount of material and number of specimens for complete examination. Additional assistance to the clinician may be rendered by the current trends in clinical microbiology practice to limit the processing of inappropriate specimens and to develop rapid, economical procedures for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms. The clinician should not routinely request antibiotic susceptibility testing but rather base the decision to test on specimen source, type of organism isolated, whether the organisms was isolated in pure or mixed culture, and how predictable the susceptibility of the organism is to the drug of choice. PMID- 3209539 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a critical evaluation. AB - Antibiotic susceptibility test results must be interpreted cautiously. There are important differences between the laboratory and natural environments. There are also important differences between disc and dilution tests, and between laboratories. Laboratory tests can demonstrate antagonism and synergy. Because beta-lactamases can be induced, beta-lactam susceptibility may have to be monitored during therapy. Increases in the incidence of drug resistance are particularly important in nosocomial infections. PMID- 3209540 TI - Factors affecting the choice of antibiotics in mixed infections. AB - Mixed infections can occur anywhere in the body and, on the basis of the location of the infection, involve predictable species of anaerobic bacteria. Most of our knowledge of anaerobic mixed infection has come from the study of intra-abdominal infections. The mortality associated with intra-abdominal abscesses in a recent study was lower than in earlier studies, perhaps because of improvements in radiographic techniques for better localization of abscess and early drainage, improved management of nutrition, and the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents. The efficacy of an antimicrobial agent depends on its ability to penetrate into an abscess and function under conditions of low pH, low Eh and in the presence of beta-lactamases. Some effective antibiotics include clindamycin/gentamicin, metronidazole/gentamicin, latamoxef, cefoxitin, piperacillin and imipenem. PMID- 3209541 TI - Platelet-activating factor antagonists increase vascular reactivity in perfused rat lungs. AB - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) administered to the pulmonary circulation in low dose (nanogram) has vasodilatory properties. Therefore, we investigated whether endogenous PAF plays a role in the control of tone in the pulmonary circulation. The PAF receptor antagonists, SRI 63-441 (2.6 X 10(-4) M) and L659,989 (1 X 10( 5) M), were the major investigative tools. In isolated perfused rat lungs, both agents caused a persistent increase in base-line perfusion pressure (Ppa), potentiated angiotensin II (ANG II) vasoconstriction, and potentiated hypoxic vasoconstriction (HPV). This potentiation of ANG II and HPV was found to be independent of circulating blood elements. Vasodilation in the presence of PAF blockade was also impaired. The combination of cyclooxygenase inhibition and PAF receptor blockade had an additive effect on ANG II vasoconstriction but did not cause more potentiation of HPV than achieved with PAF antagonism alone. In vivo, SRI 63-441 (10 mg/kg) caused only a transient increase in base-line Ppa without altering ANG II and hypoxic vasoconstriction. These findings support a vasodilatory role for endogenous PAF in the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 3209542 TI - Characteristics of tachyphylaxis to inhaled histamine in anesthetized dogs. AB - Three consecutive dose-response curves to aerosolized histamine were obtained in 11 anesthetized dogs. All dogs showed desensitization (i.e., tachyphylaxis) to high doses of histamine. Tachyphylaxis was highly reproducible. No tachyphylaxis occurred with inhaled acetylcholine or methacholine. Beta-Adrenergic blockade with propranolol or muscarinic blockade with atropine given intravenously had no effect on the histamine tachyphylaxis. Duration of thiamylal anesthesia did not alter the histamine responsiveness. Histamine tachyphylaxis was also seen with chloralose-urethan anesthesia. Since tachyphylaxis is not observed with acetylcholine, it cannot be attributed to a general decline in muscle contractility. We conclude that histamine tachyphylaxis in vivo is not explained by effects of cholinergic reflexes, catecholamine release, duration of anesthesia, or, probably, type of anesthetic agent. PMID- 3209543 TI - Histamine tachyphylaxis in canine airways despite prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. AB - Tachyphylaxis to aerosolized histamine was studied in dogs anesthetized with thiamylal after pretreatment with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. Three consecutive histamine dose-response curves were obtained in nine dogs pretreated with 5 mg/kg indomethacin; two of these nine were also pretreated with 10 mg/kg indomethacin. Seven of the nine dogs were pretreated with 4 mg/kg sodium meclofenamate; four of these seven were also pretreated with 12 mg/kg. All dogs had tachyphylaxis at high concentrations of histamine regardless of inhibitor used. Pretreatment with indomethacin while the dogs were under alpha-chloralose urethan anesthesia gave similar results. Histamine tachyphylaxis was also studied both in the presence and in the absence of indomethacin in tracheal smooth muscle strips obtained from seven additional dogs. A decrease in the median effective dose to histamine was observed in the indomethacin-treated strips, but tachyphylaxis to histamine remained. We conclude that prostaglandin synthesis inhibition does not reverse histamine tachyphylaxis either in vivo or in vitro. Thus the mechanism of histamine tachyphylaxis remains unexplained. PMID- 3209544 TI - Relaxation of the diaphragm muscle: influence of ryanodine and fatigue. AB - Relaxation of rat diaphragm was shown to be sensitive to load, as previously described for adult mammalian ventricular muscle, because the time course of isotonic relaxation could be changed by changing the load: the lighter the load, the greater the shortening, the quicker the relaxation. Maximum velocity of isotonic relaxation was linearly related to the extent of shortening (r = 0.90). To quantify the degree of load sensitivity, we measured the tRi, i.e., the ratio of time at which the isometric relaxation of the twitch afterloaded at 50% of the isometric peak active tension began to time at which the isometric twitch was relaxed to 50% of the isometric peak active twitch tension. tRi was 0.76 +/- 0.03 (SE) in control conditions but significantly increased to 0.91 +/- 0.02 after ryanodine, which is an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function, and to 0.89 +/- 0.03 after fatigue. These results suggest that in adult rat diaphragm, as in cardiac muscle, the load sensitivity of relaxation requires a well-functioning SR and that the relaxation abnormalities observed in fatigued diaphragm are related to a dysfunction of the SR. PMID- 3209545 TI - Physical fitness and thermoregulatory reactions in a cold environment in men. AB - The relationship between the physical fitness level (maximal O2 consumption, VO2max) and thermoregulatory reactions was studied in 17 adult males submitted to an acute cold exposure. Standard cold tests were performed in nude subjects, lying for 2 h in a climatic chamber at three ambient air temperatures (10, 5, and 1 degrees C). The level of physical fitness conditioned the intensity of thermoregulatory reactions to cold. For all subjects, there was a direct relationship between physical fitness and 1) metabolic heat production, 2) level of mean skin temperature (Tsk), 3) level of skin conductance, and 4) level of Tsk at the onset of shivering. The predominance of thermogenic or insulative reactions depended on the intensity of the cold stress: insulative reactions were preferential at 10 degrees C, or even at 5 degrees C, whereas colder ambient temperature (1 degree C) triggered metabolic heat production abilities, which were closely related to the subject's physical fitness level. Fit subjects have more efficient thermoregulatory abilities against cold stress than unfit subjects, certainly because of an improved sensitivity of the thermoregulatory system. PMID- 3209546 TI - Hypertonic aerosol inhalation does not alter central airway blood flow in dogs. AB - Tracheobronchial blood flow in dogs increases with cold or dry air hyperventilation, possibly as a result of airway drying leading to increased osmolarity of airway surface fluid. This study was designed to examine whether administration of aerosols of various tonicity to alter airway surface fluid osmolarity would induce similar blood flow changes. Tracheobronchial blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere technique in six anesthetized dogs ventilated with warm humid air (100% relative humidity) for 15 min (period 1), air containing ultrasonically nebulized saline aerosol (1,711 mosmol/kg) for 3 min (period 2) and 12 min (period 3), and the same aerosol at a higher nebulizer output for a further 3 min (period 4). Between periods 3 and 4, the dogs were ventilated with warm humid air for 30 min to reestablish base-line conditions. In another five dogs, measurements were made after 30 min of ventilation with 1) warm humid air, 2) isotonic saline aerosol, 3) warm humid air, 4) distilled water aerosol (3 dogs), and hypertonic saline aerosol (2 dogs). After the last measurement was made, each dog was killed, the trachea and major bronchi were excised, and blood flow was calculated. No change in blood flow was found during any period of aerosol inhalation. The osmolar load imposed on the airways was estimated and was similar to that occurring during cold or dry air hyperventilation. These data suggest that increasing osmolarity of airway surface fluid does not explain the blood flow changes seen during hyperventilation of cold or dry air. PMID- 3209547 TI - Effects on respiratory pattern of focal cooling in the medulla of the dog. AB - Studies in cats have shown that, in addition to respiratory neuron groups in the dorsomedial (DRG) and ventrolateral (VRG) medulla, neural structures in the most ventral medullary regions are important for the maintenance of respiratory rhythm. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a similar superficially located ventral region was present in the dog and to assess the role of each of the other regions in the canine medulla important in the control of breathing, in 20 anesthetized, vagotomized, and artificially ventilated dogs, a cryoprobe was used to cool selected regions of the medulla to 15-20 degrees C. Respiratory output was determined from phrenic nerve or diaphragm electrical activity. Cooling in or near the nucleus of the solitary tract altered timing and produced little change in the amplitude or rate of rise of inspiratory activity; lengthening of inspiratory time was the most common timing effect observed. Cooling in ventrolateral regions affected the amplitude and rate of rise of respiratory activity. Depression of neural tidal volume and apnea could be produced by unilateral cooling in two ventrolateral regions: 1) near the nucleus ambiguus and nucleus para-ambiguus and 2) just beneath the ventral medullary surface. These findings indicate that in the dog dorsomedial neural structures influence respiratory timing, whereas more ventral structures are important to respiratory drive. PMID- 3209548 TI - Effect of tidal volume and frequency on the temporal fall in lung compliance. AB - In this study we have investigated how changes in respiratory frequency and tidal volume in anesthetized dogs affect the fall in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) that occurs with time after a hyperinflation. Results showed that increasing frequency [at controlled arterial (PaCO2)] PCO2 from 16 to 32 breaths/min had no effect on either the rate of fall or the magnitude of the fall up to 1 h after the hyperinflation. However, increasing the tidal volume from 300 to 750 ml abolished the fall in Cdyn from 10 to 50 min after the hyperinflation; the fall within the first 10 min remained unchanged. We also examined the effect of a simulated "hyperinflation" on the compliance of strips of parenchymal tissue in vitro. This result indicated that in the absence of surface forces, parenchymal tissue demonstrates a fall in compliance, which is complete within 10 min. Overall our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the fall in Cdyn after hyperinflation is a two-phase process. The initial rapid fall in Cdyn (i.e., within 10 min) may simply represent a passive recovery process from the hyperinflation stress on the parenchymal tissue. The slower fall occurring after 10 min likely results from progressive increases in surface tension, and this increase can apparently be blocked by increases in tidal volume. PMID- 3209549 TI - Muscle glycogen utilization during shivering thermogenesis in humans. AB - The purpose of the present study was to clarify the importance of skeletal muscle glycogen as a fuel for shivering thermogenesis in humans during cold-water immersion. Fourteen seminude subjects were immersed to the shoulders in 18 degrees C water for 90 min or until rectal temperature (Tre) decreased to 35.5 degrees C. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle and venous blood samples were obtained before and immediately after the immersion. Metabolic rate increased during the immersion to 3.5 +/- 0.3 (SE) times resting values, whereas Tre decreased by 0.9 degrees C to approximately 35.8 degrees C at the end of the immersion. Intramuscular glycogen concentration in the vastus lateralis decreased from 410 +/- 15 to 332 +/- 18 mmol glucose/kg dry muscle, with each subject showing a decrease (P less than 0.001). Plasma volume decreased (P less than 0.001) markedly during the immersion (-24 +/- 1%). After correcting for this decrease, blood lactate and plasma glycerol levels increased by 60 (P less than 0.05) and 38% (P less than 0.01), respectively, whereas plasma glucose levels were reduced by 20% after the immersion (P less than 0.001). The mean expiratory exchange ratio showed a biphasic pattern, increasing initially during the first 30 min of the immersion from 0.80 +/- 0.06 to 0.85 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.01) and decreasing thereafter toward basal values. The results demonstrate clearly that intramuscular glycogen reserves are used as a metabolic substrate to fuel intensive thermogenic shivering activity of human skeletal muscle. PMID- 3209550 TI - Muscle perfusion and oxygenation during local hyperoxia. AB - Ventilation with O2 was previously shown to decrease whole-body and hindlimb muscle O2 uptake (VO2) in anesthetized dogs, particularly during anemia. To determine whether this was a purely local effect of hyperoxia (HiOx), we pump perfused isolated dog hindlimb muscles with autologous blood made hyperoxic (PO2 greater than 500 Torr) in a membrane oxygenator while the animals were ventilated with room air. Both constant-flow and constant-pressure protocols were used, and half the dogs were made anemic by exchange transfusion of dextran to hematocrit (Hct) approximately 15%. Thus there were four groups of n = 6 dogs each. A 30-min period of HiOx was preceded and followed by similar periods of perfusion with normoxic blood. In HiOx all four groups showed increased leg hindrance, increased leg venous PO2, and no significant changes in leg O2 inflow. Limb blood flow and VO2 decreased approximately 20% in HiOx with constant-pressure perfusion, regardless of Hct. In the constant-flow protocol, leg VO2 in HiOx was maintained by the anemic animals and actually increased in the normocythemic group. We conclude that HiOx directly affected vascular smooth muscle to cause flow restriction and maldistribution. Constant flow offset these effects, but the increased limb VO2 may have been a toxic effect. Anemia appeared to exaggerate the microcirculatory maldistribution caused by HiOx. PMID- 3209551 TI - Regional hemodynamic responses to hypoxia in polycythemic dogs. AB - Polycythemia increases blood viscosity so that systemic O2 delivery (QO2) decreases and its regional distribution changes. We examined whether hypoxia, by promoting local vasodilation, further modified these effects in resting skeletal muscle and gut in anesthetized dogs after hematocrit had been raised to 65%. One group (CON, n = 7) served as normoxic controls while another (HH, n = 6) was ventilated with 9% O2--91% N2 for 30 min between periods of normoxia. Polycythemia decreased cardiac output so that QO2 to both regions decreased approximately 50% in both groups. In compensation, O2 extraction fraction increased to 65% in muscle and to 50% in gut. When QO2 was reduced further during hypoxia, blood flow increased in muscle but not in gut. Unlike previously published normocythemic studies, there was no initial hypoxic vasoconstriction in muscle. Metabolic vasodilation during hypoxia was enhanced in muscle when blood O2 reserves were first lowered by increased extraction with polycythemia alone. The increase in resting muscle blood flow during hypoxia with no change in cardiac output may have decreased O2 availability to other more vital tissues. In that sense and under these experimental conditions, polycythemia caused a maladaptive response during hypoxic hypoxia. PMID- 3209552 TI - Multiple gas washout during jet ventilation. AB - Simultaneous washouts of He, N2, and SF6 were monitored during jet ventilation with tidal volumes of 50-200 ml and rates of 1-2 Hz. Gas concentrations were measured from the trachea and from a lower lobe bronchus in six baboons by mass spectrometry. Washouts using large tidal volumes approximated single exponential decays with the relative exponential rates of decay being He fastest, SF4 slowest, and N2 intermediate. Washouts using smaller tidal volumes demonstrated a two-phase exponential decay pattern. During the fast phase, the relative exponential rates of decay were He slowest, SF6 fastest, and N2 intermediate, the reverse order seen during large-volume washouts. During the slow phase, the relative exponential rates of decay were He fastest, SF4 slowest, and N2 intermediate, the same order seen during large-volume washouts. The magnitude of the first phase observed from the lower lobe bronchus was less than that observed from the trachea. These data are consistent with a serial two-compartment transport model incorporating a limitation of molecular diffusion between the peripheral and proximal compartments. The more rapid clearance of less diffusible gases from the central airways during the first phase of washout was due to slower transport from the alveoli to the central airways rather than faster transport from the central airways to the airway opening. PMID- 3209553 TI - Effect of diaphragm small-fiber afferent stimulation on ventilation in dogs. AB - Little is known regarding the role of diaphragm small-fiber afferents (groups III and IV) in the control of breathing. This study was designed to determine whether activation of these afferents with use of capsaicin affects phrenic efferent activity. Capsaicin injections into the phrenic artery were made in 10 alpha chloralose-anesthetized dogs after each of the following procedures performed in succession: bilateral cervical vagotomy, C7 spinal cord transection, bilateral cervical dorsal rhizotomy. In six of these animals injections were also made after C2 spinal cord transection and removal of the cervical spinal cord. Injections made in the vagotomized animals were associated with apneusis followed by hyperpnea. C7 spinal transection eliminated the hyperpneic response, but the apneusis remained. Cervical dorsal rhizotomy or C2 spinal cord transection failed to abolish the apneusis in response to injection. No diaphragm response was obtained after removal of the cervical spinal cord. Experiments in three additional animals showed that capsaicin does not have a direct excitatory effect on the muscle cells of the crural diaphragm, nor does it potentiate the release of neurotransmitter in the diaphragm. The results of this study indicate that small-fiber afferents in the diaphragm have an excitatory effect on phrenic motoneurons. There is a segmental component to this reflex, since the response is observed after C2 spinal cord transection. The data also suggest that at least some of these afferents enter the spinal cord through the ventral roots. PMID- 3209554 TI - Pulmonary gas exchange in Andean natives with excessive polycythemia--effect of hemodilution. AB - Pulmonary gas exchange in Andean natives (n = 8) with excessive high-altitude (3,600-4,200 m) polycythemia (hematocrit 65.1 +/- 6.6%) and hypoxemia (arterial PO2 45.6 +/- 5.6 Torr) in the absence of pulmonary or cardiovascular disease was investigated both before and after isovolemic hemodilution by use of the inert gas elimination technique. The investigations were carried out in La Paz, Bolivia (3,650 m, 500 mmHg barometric pressure). Before hemodilution, a low ventilation perfusion (VA/Q) mode (VA/Q less than 0.1) without true shunt accounted for 11.6 +/- 5.5% of the total blood flow and was mainly responsible for the hypoxemia. The hypoventilation with a low mixed venous PO2 value may have contributed to the observed hypoxemia in the absence of an impairment in alveolar capillary diffusion. After hemodilution, cardiac output and ventilation increased from 5.5 +/- 1.2 to 6.9 +/- 1.2 l/min and from 8.5 +/- 1.4 to 9.6 +/- 1.3 l/min, respectively, although arterial and venous PO2 remained constant. VA/Q mismatching fell slightly but significantly. The hypoxemia observed in subjects suffering from high-altitude excessive polycythemia was attributed to an increased in blood flow perfusing poorly ventilated areas, but without true intra or extrapulmonary shunt. Hypoventilation as well as a low mixed venous PO2 value may also have contributed to the observed hypoxemia. PMID- 3209555 TI - Fetal breathing and sleep state responses to graded carboxyhemoglobinemia in sheep. AB - To investigate CO effects on brain oxygenation, graded carboxyhemoglobinemia (HbCO) was produced in nine unanesthetized fetal sheep by infusing CO-laden erythrocytes in exchange for fetal blood. For the 1st h after this procedure, the mean fetal carboxyhemoglobin levels were 16.5 +/- 0.4% [control (C) = 1.4 +/- 0.4%] for mild HbCO, 22.7 +/- 0.6% (C = 1.8 +/- 0.4%) for moderate HbCO, and 27.8 +/- 0.5% (C = 2.1 +/- 0.7%) for severe HbCO. This induction of HbCO significantly reduced mean preductal arterial PO2 values to 4.3 Torr below control for mild HbCO, 4.6 Torr below control for moderate HbCO, and 5.5 Torr below control for severe HbCO. The respective arterial O2 contents were decreased by 17, 21, and 29%. Mean arterial pH was lowered only during severe HbCO, and arterial PCO2 values were unchanged. HbCO produced a fetal tachycardia. Mean arterial blood pressure was only increased during severe HbCO. The incidences of rapid eye movements and breathing activity were decreased by HbCO in a dose-dependent manner. When related to calculated brain tissue PO2, these decreases were similar to those measured during hypoxic hypoxia and anemia, suggesting that carboxyhemoglobin effects result solely from diminished oxygenation. It is concluded that 1) the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors in the fetus apparently have little effect on hypoxic inhibition of breathing and 2) the carboxyhemoglobin concentrations required to inhibit fetal breathing are greater than those likely to be encountered clinically. PMID- 3209556 TI - Thoracic influence on upper airway patency. AB - Patency of the upper airway (UA) is usually considered to be maintained by the activity of muscles in the head and neck. These include cervical muscles that provide caudal traction on the UA. The thorax also applies caudal traction to the UA. To observe whether this thoracic traction can also improve UA patency, we measured resistance of the UA (RUA) during breathing in the presence and absence of UA muscle activity. Fifteen anesthetized dogs breathed through tracheostomy tubes. RUA was calculated from the pressure drop of a constant flow through the isolated UA. RUA decreased 31 +/- 5% (SEM) during inspiration. After hyperventilating seven of these dogs to apnea, we maximally stimulated the phrenic nerves to produce paced diaphragmatic breathing. Despite absence of UA muscle activity, RUA fell 51 +/- 11% during inspiration. Graded changes were produced by reduced stimulation. In six other dogs we denervated all UA muscles. RUA still fell 25 +/- 7% with inspiration in these spontaneously breathing animals. When all caudal ventrolateral cervical structures mechanically linking the thorax to the UA were severed, RUA increased and respiratory fluctuations ceased. These findings indicate that tonic and phasic forces generated by the thorax can improve UA patency. Inspiratory increases in UA patency cannot be attributed solely to activity of UA muscles. PMID- 3209557 TI - A muscarinic receptor subtype modulates vagally stimulated bronchial contraction. AB - An in vitro preparation was developed to study vagus nerve-stimulated (preganglionic) and field-stimulated (post-ganglionic) contraction of the rabbit main stem bronchus and to compare the inhibitory effects of muscarinic antagonists on that contraction. The maximal contractile responses (20 V, 0.5 ms, 64 Hz) for either field or vagal stimulation were completely abolished by atropine (60 nM). Hexamethonium (0.1 mM) abolished the response to vagal stimulation but did not affect the field-stimulated response. To compare the effectiveness of atropine and pirenzepine as antagonists at the nerve-smooth muscle junction, inhibition studies of field-stimulated contractions were performed. Pirenzepine was 102- to 178-fold less potent than atropine when compared at the inhibitory concentration of antagonist that produced 25, 50, and 75% inhibition (IC25, IC50, and IC75, respectively), indicating that the muscarinic receptor at the nerve-smooth muscle junction is a muscarinic receptor with low affinity for pirenzepine (M2 subtype). Atropine had similar inhibitory effects on vagal- and field-stimulated contractions. In contrast, pirenzepine was more potent in inhibiting vagally stimulated contraction than field-stimulated contraction, especially at the IC25 where pirenzepine was only 8- to 22-fold less potent than atropine in inhibiting vagally stimulated contraction. These data suggest that an M1 subtype of muscarinic receptor modulates excitatory neurotransmission through bronchial parasympathetic ganglia. PMID- 3209558 TI - Clearance of surfactant phosphatidylcholine via the upper airways in rabbits. AB - A possible route of clearance of surfactant phosphatidylcholine from the lungs is via the airways. To quantify surfactant loss via this pathway, latex bags were surgically placed into the abdomens of adult rabbits such that secretions cleared via the esophagus could be collected. The rabbits then were given treatment or trace doses of radiolabeled phosphatidylcholine-surfactant by tracheal injection and/or intravascular radiolabeled precursors of phosphatidylcholine. Labeled saturated phosphatidylcholine was measured in all fluids that were collected from the bags at 2-h intervals for 24 h and in alveolar washes and lung tissues at 24 h. No more than 7% of either treatment or trace doses of intratracheal surfactant saturated phosphatidylcholine was lost via clearance up the airways over 24 h. Clearances of endogenously synthesized and secreted saturated phosphatidylcholine were estimated to be no more than 3% of the flux of labeled saturated phosphatidylcholine through the alveolar pool. These experiments demonstrate that surfactant phosphatidylcholine clearance via movement up the airways is not a major pathway leading to surfactant catabolism. PMID- 3209559 TI - Stimulation of H fields of Forel decreases total lung resistance in dogs. AB - Although there is considerable evidence that the H fields of Forel of the posterior diencephalon play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular function, little is known about the role these areas play in the control of airway caliber. In chloralose-anesthetized paralyzed dogs, we used both electrical and chemical means to stimulate the H fields of Forel, while we monitored breath-by-breath changes in total lung resistance (TLR), a functional index of airway caliber. Electrical stimulation (200-250 microA, 80 Hz, 0.75 ms) of 82 histologically confirmed sites significantly decreased TLR from 9.2 +/- 0.4 to 7.9 +/- 0.4 cmH2O.l-1.s (P less than 0.01). The bronchodilation evoked by electrical stimulation was unaffected by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol but was abolished by cholinergic blockade with atropine. The increases in airway caliber evoked by stimulation were often accompanied by increases in phrenic nerve activity. Chemical stimulation of 21 of 82 sites with microinjections of DL-homocysteic acid (83 nl, 0.2 and 0.5 M), which stimulates cell bodies but not fibers of passage, also decreased TLR from 8.3 +/- 0.5 to 7.3 +/- 0.5 cmH2O.l-1.s (P less than 0.03). We conclude that stimulation of cell bodies in the H fields of Forel produces bronchodilation by withdrawal of cholinergic tone to airway smooth muscle. PMID- 3209560 TI - Phorbol myristate acetate-induced injury of isolated perfused rat lungs: neutrophil dependence. AB - The effect of leukocyte depletion on acute lung injury produced by intravenous or intratracheal phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) administration was studied in isolated perfused rat lungs. Vascular endothelial permeability was assessed by use of the capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c). A predicted pulmonary capillary pressure (Ppc,p) was calculated from measurements of postcapillary resistances. These parameters were measured before and 90 min after the administration of PMA, either intratracheally or intravascularly. When blood elements were present both intratracheal and intravascular PMA caused an increased Kf,c [0.27 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.22 and 0.25 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.15 (SE) ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1, respectively; P less than 0.05] and an increased Ppc,p (8.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 74.7 +/- 18.3 and 8.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 74.2 +/- 25.1 cmH2O, respectively; P less than 0.05). Removal of circulating leukocytes abolished the increased Kf,c when PMA was given intratracheally (0.35 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1) or intravascularly (0.39 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1). In the absence of neutrophils, Ppc,p slightly increased with intratracheal PMA, from 6.9 +/- 0.5 to 10.5 +/- 1.1 cmH2O (P less than 0.05), but was unchanged at 90 min with intravascular PMA. Depletion of circulating neutrophils with an antineutrophil serum failed to block the Kf,c change with intratracheal PMA (from 0.24 +/- 0.03 to 0.42 +/- 0.09 ml.min-1.cmH2O 1.100 g-1; P less than 0.05). Ppc,p also increased from 6.9 +/- 0.6 to 19.8 +/- 6.7 cmH2O (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209561 TI - Respiratory sensation and pattern of respiratory muscle activation during diaphragm fatigue. AB - We have examined the relationship between respiratory effort sensation (modified Borg scale) and amplitude of the integrated surface electromyogram of the diaphragm (Edi, esophageal electrode), rib cage muscles (Erc), and sternomastoid muscle (Esm) during the development of diaphragm fatigue in five normal subjects. Three conditions were studied: run A: transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), 65% Pdimax; esophageal pressure (Pes), 60% Pesmax; run B: Pdi, 50% Pdimax; Pes, 60% Pesmax; and run C: Pdi, 50% Pdimax; Pes, 20% Pesmax. During all runs there was a progressive rise in sensation, which was greater in runs A and B than in run C (P less than 0.05, analysis of variance). There was no difference between runs A and B. At the end of run C subjects did not report a maximal Borg score despite their inability to generate the target Pdi. The increase in sensory score with fatigue correlated highly with Esm/Esmmax and with Erc/Ercmax. There was no correlation between sensory score and Edi/Edimax. We conclude that the increase in respiratory effort sensation that accompanies diaphragm fatigue is not due to perception of increased diaphragmatic activation. It may reflect increased overall respiratory motor output not directed to the diaphragm. PMID- 3209562 TI - Carotid baroreflex responsiveness in high-fit and sedentary young men. AB - The influence of fitness on cardiac vagal activity and baroreflex-mediated control of heart rate has not been clearly established in humans. Therefore, we studied resting cardiac vagal activity by evaluating respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and examined carotid-cardiac baroreflex responsiveness with a neck collar in 11 high-fit and 9 sedentary [based on maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) and history of physical activity] healthy young men (19-31 yr of age). Resting cardiac vagal activity was determined from the standard deviation of 100 consecutive resting R-R intervals. Baroreflex responsiveness was determined from the R-R interval responses to neck suction and pressure (repeated trials of 5-s stimuli of -20, -40, and 35 mmHg). Both RSA and the bradycardic (R-R interval) responses to neck suction of -40 mmHg were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in the high-fit individuals (RSA, 116.5 +/- 11.5 ms; neck-suction response, 145.3 +/- 17.0 ms; mean +/- SE) compared with sedentary subjects (RSA, 65.2 +/- 6.6 ms; neck-suction response, 86.9 +/- 12.5 ms). Responses of the high-fit volunteers to the other intensities of neck stimuli (-20 and 35 mmHg) showed a similar trend but were not significantly different from those of the sedentary volunteers. The baroreflex slope derived from these data was significantly greater in the high-fit subjects (4.00 +/- 0.39 ms/mmHg) compared with the sedentary controls (2.53 +/- 0.28 ms/mmHg). These data suggest that resting cardiac vagal activity is greater, carotid-to-cardiac activity is well maintained, and baroreflex sensitivity, i.e., slope, is augmented in high-fit subjects. PMID- 3209563 TI - Role of oxidants, eicosanoids, and neutrophils in amphotericin B lung injury in rats. AB - Administration of the antifungal antibiotic amphotericin B (AmB, 1 mg/kg) to intact rats produced acute lung injury as indicated by the extravascular leakage of protein and water and histological examination. The injury was neutrophil independent because it occurred in neutropenic rats. AmB produced vasoconstriction and injury in isolated lungs perfused with a cell- and plasma free physiological solution, and this injury was independent of pulmonary perfusion pressure. In vivo administration of AmB produced an increase in lung tissue and plasma-oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG) indicative of oxidant stress. In the isolated lung, the radical scavengers p-hydroxybenzoate (methylparaben) and catalase attenuated AmB lung injury as did 1-phenyl-3 pyrazolidone (Phenidone), a combined radical scavenger and lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and the leukotriene antagonist CGP 35949B. Methylparaben and CGP 35949B prevented the elevation in lung tissue leukotriene C4 and B4 levels noted after AmB. We conclude that AmB in the rat produces neutrophil-independent lung injury, which is associated with oxidant stress and eicosanoid production. PMID- 3209564 TI - Pleural pressure increases during inspiration in the zone of apposition of diaphragm to rib cage. AB - The zone of apposition of diaphragm to rib cage provides a theoretical mechanism that may, in part, contribute to rib cage expansion during inspiration. Increases in intra-abdominal pressure (Pab) that are generated by diaphragmatic contraction are indirectly applied to the inner rib cage wall in the zone of apposition. We explored this mechanism, with the expectation that pleural pressure in this zone (Pap) would increase during inspiration and that local transdiaphragmatic pressure in this zone (Pdiap) must be different from conventionally determined transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during inspiration. Direct measurements of Pap, as well as measurements of pleural pressure (Ppl) cephalad to the zone of apposition, were made during tidal inspiration, during phrenic stimulation, and during inspiratory efforts in anesthetized dogs. Pab and esophageal pressure (Pes) were measured simultaneously. By measuring Ppl's with cannulas placed through ribs, we found that Pap consistently increased during both maneuvers, whereas Ppl and Pes decreased. Whereas changes in Pdi of up to -19 cmH2O were measured, Pdiap never departed from zero by greater than -4.5 cmH2O. We conclude that there can be marked regional differences in Ppl and Pdi between the zone of apposition and regions cephalad to the zone. Our results support the concept of the zone of apposition as an anatomic region where Pab is transmitted to the interior surface of the lower rib cage. PMID- 3209565 TI - Volume quantification of chest wall motion in dogs. AB - We employed high-speed multisliced X-ray-computed tomography to determine the relative volume contributions of rib cage (delta Vrc) and diaphragmatic motion (delta Vdi) to tidal volume (VT) during spontaneous breathing in 6 anesthetized dogs lying supine. Mean values were 40 +/- 6% (SE) for delta Vrc and 62 +/- 8% of VT for delta Vdi. The difference between VT and changes in thoracic cavity volume was taken to represent a change in thoracic blood volume (2 +/- 3% of VT). To estimate how much of delta Vrc was caused by diaphragmatic contraction and how much of delta Vdi was caused by rib cage motion, delta Vrc and delta Vdi were determined during bilateral stimulation of the C5-C6 phrenic nerve roots in the apneic dog and again during spontaneous breathing after phrenicotomy. Thoracic cavity volume (Vth) measured during hypocapnic apnea was consistently larger than Vth at end expiration, suggesting that relaxation of expiratory muscles contributed significantly to both delta Vrc and delta Vdi during spontaneous inspiration. Phrenic nerve stimulation did not contribute to delta Vrc, suggesting that diaphragmatic contraction had no net expanding action on the rib cage above the zone of apposition. Spontaneous breathing after phrenicotomy resulted in small and inconsistent diaphragmatic displacement (8 +/- 4% of VT). We conclude that the diaphragm does not drive the rib cage to inflate the lungs and that rib cage motion does not significantly affect diaphragmatic position during spontaneous breathing in anesthetized dogs lying supine. PMID- 3209566 TI - Influence of vasoactive agents on cytoplasmic free calcium in vascular endothelial cells. AB - The regulation of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) in endothelial cells (EC) derived from human umbilical vein, aorta, and pulmonary artery, or from bovine pulmonary artery, was studied by means of the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator indo-1. Histamine and thrombin caused a rapid transient elevation in [Ca2+]i in the EC of all the human blood vessels tested. In aortic EC, [Ca2+]i also rose in response to ATP and bradykinin. It was shown that in bovine pulmonary artery EC [Ca2+]i rises in response to platelet-activating factor (PAF) and thrombin. For a more detailed investigation of the receptor-mediated mechanism of [Ca2+]i increase in EC we used histamine as a stimulating agent. Histamine effects were seen at concentrations ranging from 5 X 10(-7) to 10(-4) M [50% effective dose (ED50) approximately 2-4 microM)] and were mediated by H1 receptors. The histamine-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was not markedly diminished when the extracellular calcium was bound by excess ethylene glycol-bis(beta aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). The data obtained indicate that the histamine effect is best explained by Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. The histamine-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was not influenced by elevating the intracellular levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or cyclic guanylic acid (cGMP) by use of isobutylmethylxanthine and forskolin or by nitroprusside preincubation, respectively. However, the protein kinase C stimulator, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), strongly inhibits [Ca2+]i elevation. It is assumed that a negative feedback mechanism that blocks receptor-mediated [Ca2+]i increase is triggered as a result of the activation of protein kinase C. PMID- 3209567 TI - Exercise selectively increases G4 AChe activity in fast-twitch muscle. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChe) molecular forms were studied in hindlimb skeletal muscles from adult male Fischer 344 rats subjected to treadmill exercise for periods ranging between 1 and 30 days. Groups of three animals were exercised for 1 h/day at a treadmill speed of 8.5 m/min, with 1-min sprints at 15 m/min every 10 min. This exercise protocol led to a significant increase in the activity of G4 AChe in fast-twitch (gracilis and tibialis) but not in slow-twitch (soleus) muscles. Other AChe forms and muscle protein content remained unaltered. Such a selective enzymatic change was detected after a single exercise session, became more apparent after three daily sessions, and persisted for at least 30 days of exercise. A larger increment in G4 AChe activity was observed in gracilis muscle end-plate vs. non-end-plate regions. These findings show a specific adaptive reaction of fast-twitch muscles to enhanced motor activity, suggest that individual AChe forms in motor end plates are regulated through separate mechanisms, and support the hypothesis that membrane-bound G4 AChe plays an essential role in neuro-muscular transmission. PMID- 3209568 TI - Functional characteristics of canine costal and crural diaphragm. AB - We estimated the in situ force-generating capacity of the costal and crural portions of the canine diaphragm by relating in vitro contractile properties and diaphragmatic dimensions to in situ lengths. Piezoelectric crystals were implanted on right costal and left crural diaphragms of anesthetized dogs, via midline laparatomy. With the abdomen reclosed, diaphragm lengths were recorded at five lung volumes. Contractile properties of excised muscle bundles were then measured. In vitro force-frequency and length-tension characteristics of the costal and crural diaphragms were virtually identical; their optimal force values were 2.15 and 2.22 kg/cm2, respectively. In situ, at residual volume, functional residual capacity (FRC), and total lung capacity the costal diaphragm lay at 102, 95, and 60% of optimal length (Lo), whereas the crural diaphragm lay at 88, 84, and 66% of Lo. Muscle cross-sectional area was 40% greater in costal than in crural diaphragms. Considering in situ lengths, cross-sectional areas, and in vitro length-tension characteristics at FRC, the costal diaphragm could exert 60% more force than the crural diaphragm. PMID- 3209569 TI - Mechanics of compartmental models of the chest wall. AB - Standard methods for describing the mechanical properties of a linear elastic system are applied to the two- and three-compartment models of the chest wall. The compliance matrix and the experiments required to determine the entries in this matrix and thereby to describe the mechanical properties of the relaxed chest wall are described. The effective forces exerted by external loads and muscle tension are defined. The formal theory is used to identify relations among variables. From the definition of effective force, it follows that the ratio of the forces exerted by the diaphragm on the rib cage and abdomen is the same as the ratio of the dependence of diaphragm length on rib cage and abdominal volumes. As an example of relations among variables that follow from the symmetry of the compliance matrix, it is shown that the change of gastric pressure caused by raising pleural pressure is related to the change in lung volume caused by changing stomach volume. PMID- 3209570 TI - Coupling between rib cage and abdominal compartments of the relaxed chest wall. AB - The volume displacements of the rib cage and abdomen of relaxed seated subjects were measured as functions of pleural pressure with the chest wall expanded by airway pressure and with the chest wall distorted by an external force applied to the rib cage. From the measured displacements for the two independent loads, the three compliances that describe the mechanical properties of the relaxed chest wall modeled as a linear elastic system with two degrees of freedom were obtained. The cross compliance that describes the coupling between the rib cage and abdomen was found to be small and positive, 0.01-0.02 1/cmH2O. The displacement of the rib cage by the external force was consistent with the displacement predicted by use of standard methods for calculating the mechanical advantage of the force. PMID- 3209571 TI - 31P-NMR study of resting in vitro rat diaphragm exposed to hypercapnia. AB - We have reported previously that, when exposed to hypercapnia of various intensities, the diaphragm reduces its force of twitch and tetanic contractions in the in vitro rat preparation as well as in the in vivo dog preparation. The experiments reported here with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy attempt to examine cellular mechanisms that might be responsible for this deterioration in mechanical performance. Specifically they describe certain characteristics of this preparation and cautions needed to study the resting in vitro rat diaphragm with such techniques. Second, they report the response of intracellular pH (pHi), phosphocreatine (PCr), ATP, and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the resting in vitro rat diaphragm exposed to long-term normocapnia or to long term hypercapnia. The results show that 1) to maintain a viable preparation, it was necessary to keep the diaphragm extended to an area approximating that at functional residual capacity, 2) the diaphragm seemed quite capable of maintaining a constant pHi and constant contents of ATP and Pi during normocapnia, but there was a gradual decline in PCr, and 3) during hypercapnia there was a significant decrease in pHi, but the behavior of the phosphate metabolites was exactly as during normocapnia. The results suggest that the decrease in mechanical performance of the diaphragm is probably not due to a decrease in the availability of the high-energy phosphates, although they do not completely exclude this possibility or possibilities related to regional compartmentation. PMID- 3209572 TI - NMR study of rat diaphragm exposed to metabolic and compensated metabolic acidosis. AB - When exposed to hypercapnia, several muscles deteriorate with respect to their mechanical performance. Exposure to metabolic acidosis and, perhaps surprisingly, to compensated metabolic acidosis has the same effect on the diaphragm. The mechanisms involved in these effects remain unclear. If the diaphragmatic intracellular pH (pHi) is assumed to decrease with hypercapnia, to remain unchanged during metabolic acidosis, and to increase during compensated metabolic acidosis, it would appear that different mechanisms must be responsible for the depreciation in the diaphragm's mechanical performance. The present experiments using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy were undertaken to determine the effect of metabolic acidosis and compensated metabolic acidosis on pHi and on high-energy phosphate metabolites in the resting rat diaphragm. A whole diaphragm was slightly stretched while being stitched onto a fiberglass mesh. The area approximated that at functional residual capacity. It was superfused in the NMR sample tube with a phosphate-free Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution [( HCO3-] = 6 meqO equilibrated with either 95% O2-5% CO2 or 98.75% O2 1.25% CO2). Spectra were acquired during 15-min intervals for control (30 min of normal Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate superfusate, equilibrated with 95% O2-5% CO2), for 120 min of exposure to either form of acidosis and for 60 min of recovery with normal superfusate. The pHi decreased rapidly during metabolic acidosis but did not change significantly during compensated metabolic acidosis. In both forms of acidosis, phosphocreatine declined gradually but not significantly, whereas ATP and inorganic phosphate did not change at all. The results suggest that HCO3- passes freely through the diaphragmatic sarcolemma, very much like the cardiac sarcolemma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209573 TI - Potential for strength and endurance training to amplify endurance performance. AB - The impact of adding heavy-resistance training to increase leg-muscle strength was studied in eight cycling- and running-trained subjects who were already at a steady-state level of performance. Strength training was performed 3 days/wk for 10 wk, whereas endurance training remained constant during this phase. After 10 wk, leg strength was increased by an average of 30%, but thigh girth and biopsied vastus lateralis muscle fiber areas (fast and slow twitch) and citrate synthase activities were unchanged. Maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) was also unchanged by heavy resistance training during cycling (55 ml.kg-1.min-1) and treadmill running (60 ml.kg-1.min-1); however, short-term endurance (4-8 min) was increased by 11 and 13% (P less than 0.05) during cycling and running, respectively. Long-term cycling to exhaustion at 80% VO2max increased from 71 to 85 min (P less than 0.05) after the addition of strength training, whereas long-term running (10 km times) results were inconclusive. These data do not demonstrate any negative performance effects of adding heavy-resistance training to ongoing endurance training regimens. They indicate that certain types of endurance performance, particularly those requiring fast-twitch fiber recruitment, can be improved by strength-training supplementation. PMID- 3209574 TI - Alveolar enlargement in obesity-induced hyperplastic lung growth. AB - Structural changes underlying obesity-induced pulmonary cellular hyperplasia were evaluated by lung morphometry and stereology in 8-wk-old male Long-Evans rats made obese by nursing in small litters with subsequent feeding of a high-fat diet. Control animals were raised in normal-sized litters and then fed standard rat chow. Compared with controls, obese rats had significant elevations in body weight (31%), fat pad weight (158%), fat pad weight-to-body weight ratio (97%), snout-to-anus length (8%), snout-to-tail length (7%), serum insulin concentration (64%), fixed lung volume (56%), and the ratios of lung volume to body weight (18%) and lung volume to body length3 (24%). Lungs of obese rats had enlarged alveoli, with significant increases in mean (182%) and total (71%) alveolar volume, mean chord length (28%), and mean (89%) and total (25%) alveolar surface area. Surface density (24%), surface-to-volume2/3 ratio (24%), and numerical density (43-53%) of alveoli in obese rats were significantly diminished compared with lungs of control rats. Unchanged were total alveolar number and alveolar volume density. Measurements of perihilar and subpleural alveoli within the obese and control groups were indistinguishable. These results indicate the presence of alveolar enlargement with relatively diminished respiratory surface area in lungs of young rats made obese by diet. This relative decrease in gas-exchanging area may contribute to physiological and functional alterations present in obesity. PMID- 3209575 TI - Immature tendon adaptation to strenuous exercise. AB - White Leghorn roosters (3 wk old) were randomly assigned to runner or control groups. Runners were subjected to a progressive treadmill running program for 8 wk, 5 days/wk at 70-80% maximal O2 consumption (VO2 max). After 8 wk, runners showed a significant elevation in gastrocnemius fumarase activity (51%) and a 21% increase in VO2max compared with controls. The exercise program induced a significant increase in tendon collagen deposition (46%) without any changes in DNA, proteoglycan, and collagen concentrations or tendon dry weight. Also, tendon collagen from runners contained fewer (50%) pyridinoline cross-links. These results suggest that high-intensity exercise causes greater matrix-collagen turnover in growing chickens, resulting in reduced maturation of tendon collagen. PMID- 3209576 TI - Model analyses of capillary growth and tissue oxygenation during hypoxia. AB - Theoretical analyses were used to determine whether capillary growth is an adaptive response to hypoxia. Parameter values were obtained from models of transverse sections of muscles in which individual fibers were distributed in square-ordered arrays and capillaries were added to the perimeters of individual fibers in the arrays. Increasing the number of capillaries up to 2.0 per fiber increased hypoxic tolerance by 157% above that expected for a Krogh cylinder. However, increasing the number of capillaries from 2.0 to 4.0 per fiber increased hypoxic tolerance by only 18% and, assuming the entire perimeter of each fiber was perfused with blood, increased hypoxic tolerance by only 11% over the value obtained when capillary-to-fiber ratio was 4.0. Capillary growth during normal maturation may result in capillary-to-fiber ratios around 2.0, near the upper limit for producing marked changes in hypoxic tolerance. Therefore, capillary growth may not be an adaptive response to ambient hypoxia because there is little or no gas transport benefit derived from the additional capillaries. PMID- 3209577 TI - A multicouple probe for temperature gradient measurements in biological materials. AB - An easy-to-make, sensitive, thin, flexible, multisensor probe for in vivo tissue temperature profile measurement is described. It is essentially a multijunction thermocouple (i.e., a multicouple) of type-T composition. Enamel-insulated copper wires (38 gauge) were soldered 5 mm apart to one common uninsulated constantan wire (36 gauge) and introduced into a polyethylene tube sealed at one end. The total outside diameter of the multicouple probe is less than 1 mm, and the maximum number of junctions using the specified wire sizes is approximately 16. This design permits the instantaneous measurement of a tissue temperature profile at 5-mm intervals over a distance of approximately 8 cm. An extensive calibration for the thermal conductivity effect (k effect) along the multicouple wires by means of a limb model is presented. The results show that the temperature readings of the individual junctions are significantly affected by the k effect when a thermal gradient exists along the multicouple, as is usually the case during tissue temperature measurements. However, calibration of the multicouple for the k effect yields a measurement accuracy of +/- 0.1 degree C under a wide range of gradients. This probe can be implanted in tissues to measure thermal gradients under different physiological conditions. PMID- 3209578 TI - A constant-load ergometer for measuring peak power output and fatigue. AB - A constant-load cycle ergometer was constructed that allows maximal power output to be measured for each one-half pedal revolution during brief, high-intensity exercise. To determine frictional force, an electronic load cell was attached to the resistance strap and the ergometer frame. Dead weights were attached to the strap's free end. Flywheel velocity was recorded by means of a magnetic switch and two magnets placed on the pedal sprocket. Pedaling resulted in magnetically activated switch closures, which produced two electronic pulses per pedal revolution. Pulses and load cell output were recorded (512 Hz), digitized, and stored on disk via microcomputer. Power output was later computed for each pair of adjacent pulses, representing average power per one-half pedal revolution. Power curves generated for each subject were analyzed for peak power output (the highest one-half pedal revolution average), time to peak power, power fatigue rate and index, average power, and total work. Thirty-eight males performed two 15-s tests separated by 15 min (n = 16) or 48 h (n = 22). Peak power output ranged from 846.0 to 1,289.1 W. Intraclass correlation analysis revealed high test-retest reliability for all parameters recorded on the same or different days (R = 0.91-0.97). No significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were noted between parameter means of the first and second tests. These results indicate that the ergometer described provides a means for conveniently and reliably assessing short-term power output and fatigue. PMID- 3209580 TI - Structure of drug use behaviors and consequences among young adults: multitrait multimethod assessment of frequency, quantity, work site, and problem substance use. PMID- 3209581 TI - Coping with competing demands: interruption and the type A pattern. PMID- 3209579 TI - Hyperoxia and self- or neutrophil-generated O2 metabolites inactivate xanthine oxidase. AB - Xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) activities decreased in lungs isolated from rats and cultured lung endothelial cells that had been exposed to hyperoxia. Purified XO activity also decreased after addition of a variety of chemically generated O2 metabolite species (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, or hypochlorous acid), hypoxanthine, or stimulated neutrophils in vitro. XO inactivation by chemically, self-, or neutrophil generated O2 metabolites was decreased by simultaneous addition of various O2 metabolite scavengers but not their inactive analogues. Since XO appears to contribute to a variety of biological processes and diseases, hyperoxia- or O2 metabolite-mediated decreases in XO activity may be an important cellular control mechanism. PMID- 3209583 TI - SV40 large T antigen mutant data base. PMID- 3209582 TI - Stress and medical malpractice: organizational risk assessment and intervention. PMID- 3209584 TI - Procoagulant activity of mouse transformed cells: different expression in freshly isolated or cultured cells. AB - This study was originally designed to investigate whether there is any correlation between the type of procoagulant activity (PCA) and the tumorigenicity of transformed cells. The data obtained are relevant to this question and to defining the differences in the expression of cellular activities depending on the in vitro system used. PCA was measured and characterized in normal, immortalized, and tumorigenic mouse fibroblasts. In all the cell lines studied the activity was of tissue factor type, as established with functional, enzymatic, and immunochemical criteria. However, the PCA of cells freshly isolated from the tumors induced by tumorigenic cell lines was of cancer procoagulant type, i.e. a cysteine protease with direct factor X activator activity. The same cells, when cultured in vitro, expressed again PCA of tissue factor type. These results suggest that either a tumor-host interaction is required for the expression of cancer procoagulant or the latter activity, produced by tumor cells under in vitro conditions, is destroyed or inactivated during the culture period. Our findings caution against defining the procoagulant activity of tumors based on experiments on cultured cells. PMID- 3209585 TI - Culture conditions found to minimize false positive diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders. AB - The effect of culture conditions on the ultrastructure and enzyme activities of cultured skin fibroblast cells relevant to the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders are reported. The parameters examined were: pH of the culture media, type of media, increasing cell passage, and day of harvest. Ultrastructural changes were defined in terms of the number of lysosome-like inclusion bodies per cell according to a method devised in our laboratory and proven reliable in the detection of affected individuals. Our biochemical results included determination of enzyme activities of beta-hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta glucuronidase-lysosomal enzymes, arylsulfatase C, a microsomal marker, and 5' nucleotidase, a plasma membrane marker. Our results indicate that the cellular ultrastructure is more sensitive than enzyme activity to changes in culture conditions. The resulting ultrastructural "artifacts" observed under certain conditions were severe enough to result in a mistaken diagnosis. Due to certain difficulties we had previously encountered in heterozygote cultures (for lysosomal storage disorders) of amniotic cells, we decided to examine heterozygote cultures of skin fibroblasts. From these (preliminary) studies it seems that an elevation in the pH over the physiologic levels in the culture media may help to define between normal individuals and affected heterozygotes. On the basis of our results, we recommend that to minimize false positive ultrastructural results for the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders, cultures be grown in minimal essential medium, the pH of the medium carefully monitored to remain below 7.4, examining the cultures not later than cell Passage 8 and no later than Day 10 after subculture. PMID- 3209586 TI - Developmental potential of day 13 porcine embryonic disk under in vitro culture conditions. AB - Embryonic disks were microsurgically isolated from adjacent trophoblast tissue and cultured for varying periods in vitro. During the first 24 h of culture, vesicles (1 to 4/disk) composed of mesoderm and endoderm formed from the ventral surface. In the subsequent culture period, the vesicles continued to increase in size and by 96 h in vitro, most originally multivesiculated explants possessed a single vesicle formed by delamination and coalescence of smaller vesicles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of grooves and ridges in abnormal attempts at differentiation by the embryonic ectoderm. Endoderm comprising the outer tissue layer of the vesicle underwent a gradual alteration in surface morphology during in vitro culture. Initially flat, with a paucity of microvilli, these cells became dome-shaped with an abundance of microvilli. In addition, they became highly secretory as revealed by the presence of numerous secretory droplets at their surface. After culture for periods of up to 10 d, several explants displayed areas containing pulsating tissue, with contractions occurring at a rate of 20 to 30/minute, indicative of mesoderm differentiation. Culture of porcine isolated embryonic disk in vitro should enhance investigations into the regulation of germ layer formation and differentiation and assist in determining the tissue source of conceptus secretory products. PMID- 3209587 TI - Production of growth factors related to fibroblast growth factor and platelet derived growth factor by human embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells produce at least two growth factors: one related to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and another related to basic fibroblast growth factor (FGFb). Since human EC cell lines are being used with increased frequency, the current study examined whether human EC cells produce growth factors, in particular those produced by mouse EC cells. In this study, it was determined that the human EC cell line NT2/D1 produces a heat-labile heparin-binding growth factor that behaves like FGF in a bioassay. Three additional criteria suggest that this factor is closely related or identical to FGFb. The factor from NT2/D1 EC cells, bovine FGFb and FGFb produced by the human hepatoma cell line SK-HEP-1 elute from heparin at similar salt concentrations. The factor produced by NT2/D1 EC cells exhibits a thermal stability curve that is nearly identical to those for bovine FGFb and FGFb from SK-HEP-1 cells. Lastly, NT2/D1 and SK-HEP-1 cells express transcripts of the same size that hybridize with a cDNA probe for human FGFb. In the course of these studies it was determined that NT2/D1 EC cells also express several transcripts that hybridize with a cDNA probe for the human PDGF A-chain. Thus, our findings suggest that the pattern of growth factor production by human and mouse EC cells is evolutionarily conserved. PMID- 3209589 TI - A geometrical model of speed skating the curves. AB - The centripetal force in speed skating the curves has to be delivered by the push off force which also does the external work to maintain the speed. Based on the geometry of the speed skating oval and the sideward push off characteristics in speed skating, a mathematical model of the power output in skating the curves was deduced. The power required to follow the curve is dependent on the mean speed in the curve, the work per stroke and the radius of the speed skating oval. Measurements (by means of film and video analysis) during the 5000 m races at the European Championships for ladies (n = 16) yielded on the one hand power from the geometrical model and on the other hand power losses due to air- and ice- friction. The difference between power delivered and power lost is used by the skaters to increase their speed. The difference between predicted power and measured power used to increase the kinetic energy of c.g. was only 3% thereby providing strong support for the validity of the model. The analysis suggested that skaters who want to accelerate in the curves should increase their work per stroke. The model can be a useful tool to provide insight into this form of human locomotion and its optimization under competitive conditions. PMID- 3209588 TI - Effects of proximate cholesterol precursors and steroid hormones on mouse myeloma growth in serum-free medium. AB - The proximate cholesterol precursors lathosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol and desmosterol supported the growth of NS-1 and X63 mouse myeloma cells. These cells and X63.653 cells are cholesterol auxotrophs, yet each was able to convert [3H]lathosterol to [3H]cholesterol. These results are consistent with the conclusion that cholesterol auxotrophy in these myeloma cells is due to a deficiency in 3-ketosteroid reductase activity. The steroid hormones testosterone, progesterone and hydrocortisone could not replace cholesterol as a medium supplement. These results provide a greater understanding of the cholesterol auxotrophy characteristic of cell lines clonally-derived from the MOPC 21 myeloma tumor, and they provide a rational basis for the use of sterols in defined culture medium for mouse myeloma cells. PMID- 3209591 TI - A dynamic model for finger interphalangeal coordination. AB - In this paper a dynamic model to investigate interphalangeal coordination in the human finger is proposed. Suitable models which describe the relationship between the tendon displacement and the joint angles have been chosen and incorporated into the skeletal dynamic model. A kinematic and kinetic model for interphalangeal coordination is suggested. Digital computer simulations are carried out to study interphalangeal (IP) flexion. Moreover, the effect of two different optimization methods is contrasted. The two optimization algorithms are employed to obtain a set of feasible values for the forces in the tendons or muscles of the finger. PMID- 3209590 TI - Gait in rheumatoid arthritis: an electrogoniometric investigation. AB - For the purpose of detecting early aberrations of gait in rheumatoid arthritis 17 women suffering from that disease were examined. They were all under 50 years of age and had an essentially normal range of motility in the hips, knees and ankles. Eleven healthy women walking at voluntary speed and 6 healthy women walking at the same slow speed as the RA patients were included as controls. The recordings were made while the subject walked on a treadmill with a computerized electrogoniometer measuring the angular excursions of the hip, knee and ankle in three planes simultaneously. The patients with RA walked at a slower speed than did the healthy subjects (0.6 vs 1.2 ms-1). The angular excursions, i.e. inward and outward rotation, abduction and adduction, flexion and extension, were significantly less in the RA patients than in the healthy subjects who walked at voluntary speed. As compared to the healthy subjects walking at a slow speed, the differences in range of motility were much smaller. The major aberrations of the gait pattern were found in the ankles and feet, which showed reduced internal rotation (7 vs 10 degrees), adduction (6 vs 12 degrees) and a less pronounced plantar flexion at toe off (1 vs 8 degrees). PMID- 3209592 TI - Calibration of the mercury-in-silastic strain gauge in tendon load experiments. AB - A calibration method is presented by which the signals of mercury-in-silastic strain gauges (MISS), implanted in the tendons of in vitro loaded equine hindlegs, were converted to tendon loads. The relationships between MISS-signals and tendon loads were obtained from tensile-force tests applied to the tendons. Special attention was paid to the correction of the MISS-signals for amplitude shifts resulting from internal repositioning of the MISS after tendon isolation and temperature differences. Shift corrections equivalent to tendon strains up to 2.8% were necessary in the in vitro experiment. The tendon loads deduced from the corrected MISS-signals were checked by torque analyses of the lower part of the limb. Differences between computed and experimentally obtained values of the torque of the tendon loads with respect to the fetlock joint ranged from -4 to +13%. PMID- 3209593 TI - Isotropy and anisotropy of the arterial wall. AB - The passive biomechanical response of intact cylindrical rat carotid arteries is studied in vitro and compared with the mechanical response of rubber tubes. Using true stress and natural strain in the definition of the incremental modulus of elasticity, the tissue wall properties are analyzed over wide ranges of simultaneous circumferential and longitudinal deformations. The type of loading chosen is 'physiological' i.e. symmetric: the cylindrical segments are subjected to internal pressure and axial prestretch without torsion or shear. Several aspects pertaining to the choice of parameters characterizing the material are discussed and the analysis pertaining to the deformational behavior of a hypothetical compliant tube with Hookean wall material is presented. The experimental results show that while rubber response can be adequately represented as linearly elastic and isotropic, the overall response of vascular tissue is highly non-linear and anisotropic. However, for states of deformation that occur in vivo, the elasticity of arteries is quite similar to that of rubber tubes and as such the arterial wall may be viewed as incrementally isotropic for the range of deformations that occur in vivo. PMID- 3209594 TI - A method for analysis of back shape in scoliosis. AB - The shape of the back is an important factor in the clinical assessment of various spinal disorders, in particular scoliosis. A method of analysis of back surface shape is described which was designed to present most of the numerical parameters needed to assess the progress of the disease as it affects body shape. Measurements of back surface shape and manually marked anatomical landmarks were taken from a television/computer surface measurement system in which a plane of light was scanned over the back and from moire topographs. The anatomical landmarks were used to define reference planes from which successive analyses were matched. Asymmetry in the transverse plane was illustrated by horizontal cross-sections and skin surface angles. The lateral deformity was shown by an estimate of the line of the vertebral bodies beneath the skin, derived by adding an extra lateral displacement to the palpated positions of the spinous processes, proportional to the rotation of the skin in the transverse plane. This model was used to estimate vertebral end-plate angles and Cobb angles. Lateral sections showed kyphosis and lordosis. Correlations of Lateral Asymmetry from the surface shape analysis with Cobb angle from X-ray measurements in three groups of patients (totalling 119 subjects) were in the range r = 0.77 to r = 0.94, p less than 0.0001. The analysis has reduced follow-up X-ray examinations at the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre because it indicates quantitatively and with complete safety both lateral asymmetry and deformity in the transverse plane. PMID- 3209595 TI - Simultaneous measurements of strains on two surfaces of tendons and ligaments. AB - An optical rear projection device, coupled with a video dimensional analyzer (VDA) system, was developed for simultaneous measurement of tensile strains on opposite surfaces of tendons and ligaments. Stress-strain behaviors of the tissue based on the strains measured on either surface were determined and compared. Data obtained from canine femur-medial collateral ligament-tibia complexes (FMT) and isolated chicken flexor tendons revealed that the strains on opposite surfaces of these parallel fiber soft connective tissues were similar during a uniaxial tensile test. PMID- 3209596 TI - A television/computer three-dimensional surface shape measurement system. AB - An optical scanner is described which has been designed primarily for the measurement of human back shape. A projector and television camera were mounted together in a box which could rotate about a horizontal axis. The projector shone a horizontal plane of light, which was viewed at an angle from below by the television camera, linked directly to a minicomputer. The shape of the line of light formed by the plane as it fell on an object, together with a knowledge of the geometry of the system, enabled three-dimensional coordinates of points on the line to be calculated. A record of a surface shape was built up by scanning the object in about 2 s. Calibration of the system was achieved by scanning an object of known dimensions. Sets of algorithms are described which derive geometric parameters from the calibration scan and which sort surface shape coordinates, outline them and detect special markers from the surface shape scan. The accuracy of measurement exceeded the design aim of +/- 3 mm in each axis within a volume of 400 mm x 500 mm x 300 mm. PMID- 3209597 TI - The need for standards in an emerging discipline: clinical retrieval and analysis of surgical implants and biomaterials. PMID- 3209598 TI - FDA--medical device news corner. Medical device reporting (MDR) regulation. PMID- 3209599 TI - Radiation sterilization of polymeric implant materials. AB - High-energy irradiation sterilization of medical devices and implants composed of polymeric biomaterials that are in contact with tissue and/or blood, may adversely affect their long-term mechanical and/or biological performance (tissue and/or blood compatibility). Since many polymeric implants may contain trace quantities of catalysts and/or other additives, the effect of high-energy radiation on these additives, and possible synergistic effects with the polymer chains under the influence of high-energy radiation, must be considered. It is essential to indicate whether polymeric implants are used in short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic) applications. Relatively small changes in their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties may be tolerable in the short term, whereas similar changes may lead to catastrophic failures in long term applications. Therefore, polymeric implants which are to be sterilized by high-energy irradiation should be carefully evaluated for long-term property changes which may be induced by the radiation. PMID- 3209600 TI - Biomaterial and implant surfaces: on the role of cleanliness, contamination, and preparation procedures. AB - Material specificity in implant-tissue interactions derives primarily from the surface properties (chemical composition, microstructure, etc.) of the implant. This article addresses several questions related to implant and biomaterial surfaces: What is the status of real implant surfaces (composition, cleanliness, contamination, microstructure, etc.), and how does it vary with preparation procedures? Can the surface status be varied and analyzed in a controlled manner? How significant are surface status variations for in vivo function? And so on. We discuss clean surfaces, how they are contaminated, and how the contamination may affect the properties. We also discuss different preparation procedures, such as conventional machining, plasma treatment, and sterilization. Three important conclusions are drawn: (i) The surface status of a particular implant material may vary widely depending on its preparation and handling history. (ii) The surface status of implants is expected to be important for in vivo function, and should thus be controlled and standardized. (iii) It is usually not possible to predict how a change in surface status will affect the long-term, in vivo function of an implant. PMID- 3209601 TI - Biomaterials for facial bone augmentation: comparative studies. AB - Presently no material is available which is entirely satisfactory for facial bone augmentation. These studies examine several of those already in clinical use, made from various polymers in solid, porous, and woven forms. Homograft bone has also been studied, as an implant material. All materials were used in situations for which they are currently recommended clinically. Bioglass (Bioglass is a trademark of the University of Florida) implants, which are suggested for clinical use, have been studied in the same model and results show that their surface activity provides a more satisfactory immobilization, both in the short and long term, than does the tissue ingrowth on which most of the other materials depend. Results show that in this model as well as in clinical practice, porous and woven materials provoke in tissues a continuing cellular response which will always compromise long-term clinical success. Autograft bone has associated morbidity and is unpredictable with respect to its incorporation into host tissue and persistence at the site. Bioglass, however, was immobilized successfully at both hard and soft tissue interfaces without the need for porosity, could be satisfactorily shaped in the operating room, and, in addition, had the bonelike hardness which is not provided by any other available material. PMID- 3209602 TI - Fatigue testing of acrylic bone cements: statistical concepts and proposed test methodology. AB - In order to determine the fatigue behavior of a material, a standard procedure and methodology must be proposed and validated. This article describes a standard test method and statistical analysis for describing the fatigue properties of acrylic bone cement. It is proposed that bone cement fatigue data can be subjected to probability of failure (P) analysis and the establishment of a distribution function describing the data. It is also proposed that an Olgive type curve can be used to describe the stress (S) vs. cycles to failure (N) data. These two data sets can then be combined to determine the P-S-N relationship which fully describes the fatigue characteristics of the material. PMID- 3209603 TI - Wound healing using a collagen matrix: effect of DC electrical stimulation. AB - Rapid fibroblast ingrowth and collagen deposition occurs in a reconstituted type I collagen matrix that is implanted on full-thickness excised animal dermal wounds. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of direct current stimulation on dermal fibroblast ingrowth using carbon fiber electrodes incorporated into a collagen sponge matrix. Preliminary results suggest that fibroblast ingrowth and collagen fiber alignment are increased in collagen sponges stimulated with direct currents between 20 and 100 microA. Maximum fibroblast ingrowth into the collagen sponge is observed near the cathode at a current of 100 microA. These results suggest that electrical stimulation combined with a collagen matrix may be a method to enhance the healing of chronic dermal wounds. PMID- 3209604 TI - The surgical management of aortopulmonary window using the anterior sandwich patch closure technique. AB - Between 1969 and June, 1986, 13 patients with aortopulmonary window were evaluated and operated upon with eleven survivors. All were children with ages ranging from 2 weeks to 2 1/2 years and had a typical aortopulmonary window (Type 1) with a connection between the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery. Six of them also had associated cardiac anomalies. Operative techniques included both closed and open procedures. Simple ligation was carried out in two, while the remaining 11 patients were operated upon with the aid of extracorporeal circulation. "Sandwich" patch closure was the preferred method which was employed in 7 patients. PMID- 3209605 TI - Structural features of saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery endothelium: correlates with susceptibility and resistance to graft atherosclerosis. AB - Examination of saphenous vein (SV) and internal thoracic artery (ITA) endothelium at the time of coronary bypass surgery has confirmed the known susceptibility of SV to endothelial cell loss during preparation for grafting. In contrast the ITA showed only minimal cell loss. An ultrastructural morphometric analysis of the abluminal surface of the endothelium of both vessels showed significant differences in the numbers and depth of penetration of cytoplasmic processes or folds. Whereas the SV, perfusion-fixed at 110 mmHg, possessed relatively few (15/100 micron) and shallow (less than 1 micron deep) processes the ITA had significantly more (27/100 micron) and deeper (18% greater than 1 micron) processes. The ITA endothelial cells were also smaller and thicker. We suggest that the differences in the numbers and depth of the processes, which are believed to play a role in endothelial attachment, may account for the differing susceptibility of the two vessels to endothelial damage during grafting. This in turn correlates with the known susceptibility of SV grafts and resistance of ITA grafts to atherosclerotic changes. PMID- 3209606 TI - The Bentall procedure: a surgical option in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. AB - The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDs) is one of the most frequently encountered inherited disorders of connective tissue. The arterial-ecchymotic type IV is notorious for large vessel involvement associated with spontaneous catastrophic bleeding. Most of these patients who require cardiovascular surgical procedures have a poor prognosis. Our experience of two patients, with aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta is presented. The first patient presented with an aortic dissection extending from the ascending aorta to the common iliac arteries. The second patient presented with asymptomatic but progressive aneurysmal dilatation of the aortic root. Both patients underwent the Bentall procedure using a 25 mm St. Jude composite valved conduit. Despite increased vascular friability, both of these patients tolerated the operative procedure without complication and are doing well on early follow-up. This experience suggests that the Bentall procedure may be used to decrease the risks of dissection and rupture of the ascending aorta in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PMID- 3209607 TI - Comparison between cefotaxime and a combination of benzylpenicillin and cloxacillin as an antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery with cardio-pulmonary bypass. AB - In a prospective randomized trial, 422 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were studied for comparing two types of prophylactic antibiotic treatment. One group, 204 patients, received 4 doses of cefotaxime for 2 days. The other group, 198 patients, received 6 doses of benzylpenicillin combined with cloxacillin for 3 days. Sixty percent received the planned cefotaxime prophylaxis (CTX), while 43.4% received the planned combined benzylpenicillin with cloxacillin prophylaxis (BPC). This was because several patients in both groups required additional antibiotics for treatment of high fever (39.7%, CTX-ADD, in the cefotaxime group compared to 56.6%, BPC-ADD in the other group (p less than 0.01). The overall infection rate in the groups receiving the planned prophylaxis was significantly lower (4.1%) in the CTX-group compared to the 14% in the BPC-group (p less than 0.05). Early infections (less than 14 days) were lower in the groups CTX-group (3%) compared to the BPC-group (16%) (p less than 0.046). In the groups receiving additional antibiotics for fever (CTX-ADD and BPC-ADD), the former had a significantly lower number of infections, 16 compared to 23, in the latter group (p less than 0.01). There were significantly fewer early infections in the CTX-ADD compared to the BPC-ADD group (4 vs. 10 respectively, p less than 0.01). No deep infections were seen when CTX or CTX-ADD was used, while 6 deep wound infections occurred when BPC or BPC-ADD was used. The lowest rate of positive cultures of bacteria was seen in the CTX group (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209608 TI - The approach to large left ventricular aneurysms. A report of three difficult cases. AB - We report the management and evaluation of three difficult left ventricular aneurysms from a series of 246 cases treated between 1970 and 1985. These three cases reflect our present approach to left ventricular aneurysms after previous aortocoronary bypass (case 1), aneurysms with distorted ventricular geometry and severe mitral regurgitation (case 2), and large, minimally symptomatic left ventricular aneurysms (case 3). All three cases had very little or no coronary artery disease, and the main purpose of surgery in them was primarily to correct ventricular pathology. PMID- 3209609 TI - Right atrial hemangioma. AB - A case of right atrial hemangioma as a rare tumor of the heart is reported. Because of its single, pedunculated mass, surgical excision of the tumor resulted in the complete treatment. Histologically, it was classified as arteriolar type. The importance of recent non-invasive techniques to diagnose these tumors during life is emphasized. PMID- 3209610 TI - Dipyridamole-thallium scan for screening of coronary artery disease prior to vascular surgery. AB - Patients with extracranial cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease are at increased risk of ischaemic heart disease with resulting increased risk of early and late mortality following vascular reconstruction. Over a two year period, 67 patients undergoing carotid or aortic surgery were investigated preoperatively with dipyridamole-thallium scan. There were three positive scans in the first 17 patients; two of these patients suffered a postoperative myocardial infarction (one fatal), compared to none of 14 who had a negative scan (p = 0.02). There were seven positive scans in the next 50 patients. Patients with left main trunk or triple vessel disease were recommended to have coronary artery bypass prior to or combined with the vascular reconstruction. There were no deaths or postoperative myocardial infarction in this group, this improvement in morbidity being statistically significant (p = 0.01). Dipyridamole-thallium scanning is an effective screening procedure for coronary artery disease. Patients with a positive scan are at increased risk of postoperative myocardial infarction following vascular reconstruction. Further investigation with coronary arteriography prior to vascular reconstruction is recommended in patients with positive scans. Coronary artery bypass should be performed prior to or combined with the vascular reconstruction in patients with left main trunk or triple vessel disease. PMID- 3209611 TI - Symptomatic carotid restenosis. AB - Between May, 1969, and December, 1985, 680 carotid endarterectomies were carried out in the Surgical Professorial Unit in St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney. Recurrence requiring re-operation was detected in nine arteries in seven patients. Continued smoking after the initial operation may have contributed to the restenoses. The origin of the internal carotid artery was the most common site of recurrence, irrespective of whether restenosis was caused by myointimal fibroplasia or recurrent atheroma. PMID- 3209612 TI - Carotid endarterectomy. The timing of perioperative antiplatelet therapy by indium 111 labelled platelets study in canines. AB - Bilateral carotid endarterectomy (CEA) was performed in a series of 16 dogs, one of the arteriotomies being closed by direct suture and the other with an autologous vein patch. Platelets obtained at the induction of the anaesthetic were labelled with Indium 111 Oxine and subsequently re-infused prior to restoration of blood flow. Post-operative sequential platelet counts using a Selo CSZ counter were undertaken, which demonstrated a substantial rise at the sites of CEA. These counts rose to peak levels between 7-88 minutes after declamping with a median peak time of 20 minutes. Continued high levels of labelled platelet accumulation persisted for 48-96 hours following CEA and in some instances persisted for three weeks. These studies suggest that antiplatelet agents should therefore be active when carotid declamping occurs and administered for at least three weeks following CEA. PMID- 3209613 TI - The acute response of indium-111 labelled platelets to arteriotomy closure. AB - A standard 40 mm arteriotomy was created in canine iliac and carotid arteries and then closed by either direct suture without a patch, with a vein patch or with a polytetrafluoroethylene patch (PTFE). The uptake of 111-Indium oxine labelled platelets at 2 hours after operation was compared between the groups. Arteriotomies closed with a PTFE patch demonstrated significantly greater platelet aggregation than those closed with a vein patch. Primary closure without a patch was associated with the least platelet uptake of all (PTFE versus vein patch, P less than 0.01; PTFE versus no patch, P less than 0.01; vein patch versus no patch, P less than 0.05). Light and electron microscopy confirmed the radioisotopic findings. PMID- 3209614 TI - Heparinization in aortic surgery. AB - A prospective study was conducted on 35 patients (25 males and 10 females) undergoing elective reconstructive aortic surgery to examine the heparin activity after a bolus dose of sodium heparin (100 U/kg) given five minutes prior to aortic cross clamping. Recording of heparin activity were made 15 minutes later, on release of the aortic clamp, at abdominal wound closure and hourly thereafter until minimal activity was reached. In 10 patients, protamine was used to reverse anticoagulation. These results were related to clinical parameters of age, renal function, plasma cholesterol, blood pressure, position of the aortic clamp and blood loss. High peak levels of heparin activity were more likely in patients with impaired renal function or high plasma cholesterol concentrations. Heparin activity was prolonged at therapeutic levels in patients with renal impairment, and in this group of patients the use of protamine was significantly increased as was the requirement for blood replacement. PMID- 3209615 TI - Long term results of vein valve transplants placed in the popliteal vein for intractable post-phlebitic venous ulcers and pre-ulcer skin changes. AB - Most patients with chronic venous ulceration or severe pre-ulcer damaged skin have incompetent popliteal valves and a high ambulant venous pressure (AVP). Competency can be restored by a vein valve transplant taken from the arm and placed in the popliteal fossa, with subjective and objective improvement. In this study 23 patients with post-phlebitic syndromes received 25 vein valve grafts as part of management. Seventeen patients had large recurrent ulcers after unsuccessful venous surgery: 6 patients had extensive pre-ulcer skin damage. Fifteen of 17 patients healed their ulcers, and all 6 patients with skin damage showed rapid improvement with relief of symptoms. Falls in the AVP, ranging from 10 to 40 mmHg occurred in 19 patients. All vein valve transplants were patent, after 18 months, but 5 grafted valves have evidence of venous reflux. These results suggest a functioning valve replacement in the popliteal fossa may lower the AVP sufficiently to heal intractable venous ulcers or severely damaged skin. Vein valve transplants function well long term, and the falls in the AVP are usually maintained. The popliteal fossa may be the ideal site since a component popliteal valve has been shown to limit adverse post-phlebitic changes. PMID- 3209616 TI - The early use of operative lumbar sympathectomy in peripheral vascular disease. AB - The results of operative lumbar sympathectomy for both intermittent claudication and rest pain in 153 patients have been reviewed. Sympathectomy was performed as an initial procedure to further below the groin reconstructive surgery, should symptoms not be alleviated. Five year post-sympathectomy, 67% of the claudicant and 54% of the rest pain patients had avoided further surgery. Patient mortality from other manifestations of atherosclerosis was notably poor at five years and was significantly greater than the sympathectomy failure rate after the first year. The results in diabetics were not significantly different from those in non diabetics. The possible value of lumbar sympathectomy in both claudication and rest pain is reviewed and discussed. PMID- 3209617 TI - Femoropopliteal bypass using autogenous vein and modified human umbilical vein. A comparative study. AB - This study is based on 223 consecutive femoro-popliteal and femorotibial bypass grafts performed between January 1978 and June 1985 at the Western General Hospital. Autogenous vein grafts demonstrated better 5 year patency rates (54%) than modified human umbilical vein (32%). The superiority of autogenous vein was even more marked when anastomoses were to below knee vessels: 56% compared with 26% at 5 years. Grafts anastomosed to the superficial femoral artery had similar long term patency to those anastomosed to the common femoral artery. When grafts were required for severe ischaemia, similar 5 year patency rates were achieved with autogenous vein (35%) and modified human umbilical vein (30%). The 5 year limb salvage rate in severe ischaemia was 72% for autogenous vein and 63% for modified human umbilical vein. The findings confirm that modified human umbilical vein is a satisfactory alternative when autogenous vein is not available. PMID- 3209618 TI - Factors affecting outcome of diabetic patients with foot ulcers or gangrene. AB - This paper reports the outcome in 205 diabetic patients with foot ulcers or gangrene. The circulation to the foot was assessed using a radioisotope clearance test to measure the skin perfusion pressure (SPP) and skin vascular resistance (SVR) in the foot. Factors important in predicting initial healing were the age of the patient, SPP and SVR but not the ankle pressure index. The factors predicting death during 6-42 months follow-up were age and initial SPP; half the patients had died or under-gone amputation at 22 months. The information from the radioisotope clearance test is important in helping determine appropriate management for these patients and provides information not available from other methods, such as the ankle pressure measurement. PMID- 3209619 TI - Is the outlook for the vascular amputee improved by striving to preserve the knee? AB - A trend to amputate below knee (BK) began in the late 1960's when the disadvantages of above knee (AK) amputation were recognised. In this study, the outcome of 189 consecutive patients who had major lower extremity amputations between 1978-1982 was compared to earlier reports from the same institution. Their cumulative survival of 52% at three years, was similar to the cumulative survival of 116 amputees whose surgery was done in 1966-1971. The risk of losing the second limb, almost 10% per year, was also similar to the earlier experience of 1966-1971. In 1964 one BK amputation was performed for every six above the knee. By 1980 this ratio had reversed to three BK for each AK amputation. When a ratio of BK:AK amputation greater than 2:1 was achieved in our patient population, using clinical criteria as the sole guide to amputation levels, one in four failed. The eventual ratio of healed BK to AK amputation achieved was little better than unity. A trend to below knee amputation was not associated with improvement of long term survival after lower extremity amputation for advanced arterial disease. These results indicate a need for better care of the vascular amputee and for a test to compliment clinical selection of amputation levels. PMID- 3209620 TI - Vasculo-Behcet's disease: immunological study of the formation of aneurysm. AB - We report two patients with vasculo-Behcet's disease who had femoral and popliteal aneurysms. The resected aneurysms and occluded distal arteries were studied clinicopathologically. The most interesting features were prominent fibrosis of the adventitia including the surrounding tissue, venous occlusion, perivasculitis and deposits of C3, C4 and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM) in the arterial wall and surrounding tissue. These findings indicate that the formation of aneurysm in vasculo-Behcet's disease is caused by destruction of the intimal and outer side of the arterial wall. PMID- 3209622 TI - Anabolic steroids and sporting performance. PMID- 3209621 TI - An unusual case of fibromuscular dysplasia. AB - The case of a patient with abdominal angina due to fibromuscular dysplasia is described. Arteriography revealed dysplasia of both renal arteries and occlusion at their origins of both coeliac and mesenteric arteries. Digital subtraction angiography later showed fibromuscular dysplasia of both carotid artery systems. An unusually long right internal iliac artery allowed it to be anastomosed to the superior mesenteric artery. Follow-up studies have confirmed patency of this reconstruction. PMID- 3209623 TI - Toward an appreciation of cross-cultural perspectives in modern health care. PMID- 3209624 TI - Disguising morals as medicine. PMID- 3209625 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of propranolol and 4 hydroxypropranolol in serum. AB - A simple, sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of propranolol and its major metabolite 4-hydroxypropranolol is developed. The drugs and the internal standard, quinidine, were extracted from serum with ether at pH 10. The latter was evaporated and the residue was dissolved into phosphoric acid solution. Propranolol, 4-hydroxypropranolol and quinidine were eluted from 5 microns, C-18 reversed phase column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-methanol-phosphoric acid at pH 4 and detected with fluorescence detector. Quantification was achieved by measuring the peak height ratio of each drug to the internal standard. Interference due to either biological constituents of serum or other propranolol metabolites such as n desisopropyl propranolol and propranolol glycol was absent. The mean percentage recoveries for serum samples spiked with propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol were 94.7 and 98.4%, respectively. Detection limits were 10 ng/ml for propranolol and 5 ng/ml for 4-hydroxypropranolol. Within-day coefficients of variation ranged from 3.2-6.9% for propranolol and 0.8-6.2% for 4-hydroxypropranolol. PMID- 3209626 TI - Bioavailability and acceptability of a dispersible formulation of levodopa benserazide in parkinsonian patients with and without dysphagia. AB - The bioavailability of levodopa-benserazide in a standard capsule and a new dispersible tablet was compared in Parkinsonian patients, with (n = 8) and without (n = 8) swallowing difficulties. There was considerable variation within and between subjects, but no significant differences between formulations for any pharmacokinetic parameters, other than an earlier time-peak concentration following the dispersible tablets (P less than 0.01) in non-dysphagic patients. The acceptability of the dispersible tablets in the dysphagic patients was also determined following 7 days regular use. It was felt there were advantages in four of the patients because it was easier to administer or to swallow. The dispersible formulation may offer practical benefits to a minority of Parkinsonian patients without any anticipated loss of therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 3209627 TI - Colorimetric determination of tobramycin in parenteral solutions. AB - A colorimetric method based on a reaction between tobramycin and alkaline copper sulphate solution has been proposed to quantify tobramycin in injections. The excipients present and normal saline did not interfere with the assay procedure. A tobramycin sample which was decomposed using either sulphuric acid or sodium hydroxide solution indicated fairly good stability on both sides of the pH scale. PMID- 3209628 TI - Drug information services in four capital cities in the United Kingdom. 'A tale of four cities'--London (North East Thames), Cardiff, Belfast, Edinburgh. AB - Dissemination of information, active and passive, was examined in drug information centres in four capital cities in the United Kingdom. The cost of answering an enquiry varied between pounds 5.36 and pounds 10.80. All centres published bulletins. The largest circulation, 4,500 at quarterly intervals, is published in Northern Ireland for all members of the health care team. PMID- 3209629 TI - Chloroquine absorption in children from polyethylene glycol base suppositories. AB - Chloroquine phosphate (CP) has been formulated in a suppository base consisting of polyethylene glycol, PEG 1000 and PEG 6000 (7:3) with 0.5% polysorbate 80 included as an absorption promoter. Peak chloroquine blood levels in children (mean body weight 10 kg, age 21 months) were 0.67 +/- 0.08 micrograms/ml (after 200 mg CP) and 1.06 +/- 0.23 micrograms/ml (after 300 mg CP) following rectal administration of the suppositories. Prior to drug administration, the base level chloroquine was 0.30 +/- 0.02 micrograms/ml. Elimination half lives calculated from the rapid phase of log concentration-time curves were 3.3 h (after 200 mg CP) and 2.7 h (after 300 mg CP), respectively. Based on literature evidence the blood levels obtained with the 300 mg CP suppositories would be therapeutic in the management of malaria and rheumatoid disease. PMID- 3209630 TI - Qualitative studies on alpha-interferon-2b in prolonged continuous infusion regimes using gradient elution high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The treatment of home-based cancer patients with continuous infusion chemotherapy requires that complete courses of medication in pre-filled syringes are provided on an out-patient basis. The infusion must remain stable prior to use during refrigerated storage (up to 14 days) and during infusion from holster-worn ambulatory infusion pumps where the temperature of the infusion can reach 37 degrees C. In this study, polypropylene syringes containing interferon alpha-2b infusion (3 mega units in 6 ml) were stored at 4 degrees C. The infusion was analysed during storage by a qualitative gradient-elution high-performance liquid chromatography procedure. Over 14 days storage at 4 degrees C or 24 h storage at 37 degrees C, chromatographic changes occurred indicating interconversion between interferon monomers and possibly oligomer formation. Until further studies are completed we consider interferon alpha-2b unsuitable for inclusion in our home oncology programme. PMID- 3209631 TI - Specificity of a colorimetric paracetamol assay technique for use in cases of overdose. AB - A simple, economical colorimetric procedure for the determination of Paracetamol in serum or plasma (50-450 micrograms/ml) is described. Using the described method it is possible to quantify Paracetamol concentrations within 25 min which makes the technique ideal for use in an emergency-suspected overdose situation. A total of 178 drug/drug combination products were examined for possible interference with the method and of these, eight were shown to interfere significantly with the quantitative assay. However, in all cases it would be possible to correct for the interference to arrive at a semi-quantitative value for Paracetamol concentration by using the absorbance and by comparing the visible colour of the test sample with the Paracetamol standards. PMID- 3209632 TI - [Surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. Results and choice of a technic]. AB - Results are reported of surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure in 231 patients who had undergone 250 operations over 16 years: 152 total parathyroidectomies associated in 151 cases with an autotransplant, 58 subtotal parathyroidectomies, 9 incomplete parathyroidectomies, I white cervicotomy and 39 repeat operations for persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. Results were evaluated clinically, biologically and radiologically after a mean follow up of 4 years, and were rated good in 71.4% of cases. The quality of the results was independent of the type of parathyroidectomy practised: 71% good results after total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation and 69% after subtotal parathyroidectomy. No significant difference was demonstrated between the two techniques with respect to mortality, postoperative morbidity and late complications. The only divergence seen was in relation to recurrences: recovery surgery at the cervical level after subtotal parathyroidectomy leaving a clearly identified glandular stump associated with a better result than repeat operation on grafts at brachial level after total parathyroidectomy and autograft. These results led to the adoption of a surgical routine for hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure using subtotal parathyroidectomy combined with bilateral thymectomy. The operation of total parathyroidectomy without immediate autotransplant is reserved for cervical recovery surgical procedures. Whatever the technique used, frozen storage of removed tissue is the indispensable complement of parathyroidectomy. PMID- 3209633 TI - [Anatomo-clinical and therapeutic study of esophageal resection for cancer of the thoracic esophagus]. AB - 272 cancers of the thoracic esophagus were resected on 664 cases observed from 1975 to 1985 (resection rate: 41 p.c.): 8.1 p.c. were on the upper third, 71.3 p.c. on the middle third, 20.6 p.c. on the lower third of the esophagus. Tumors were classified as stage I (12: 4.5 p.c.), II (40: 15.2 p.c.), III (100: 37.9 p.c.), IV (112: 42.2 p.c.); 8 cases were not classified. Post-operative radiotherapy was administered to 90 patients. Hospital mortality was 50 (18.4 p.c.). Respiratory complications were the main lethal cause. After a post operative survival of 81.6 p.c., survival at 1 year was 58.3 p.c., at 3 years 23.3 p.c., at 5 years 9.8 p.c. Actuarial survival at 5 years is 11.1 p.c. +/- 3, 17.2 p.c. for T1 and T2, 8 p.c. for T3. No advantage was noted comparing neck or intrathoracic anastomosis. Post-operative irradiation was beneficial. Factors influencing survival are staging, curative or no curative resection and post operative irradiation for T3 N+. Nodes invasion is more important than invasion of the site of anastomosis. Palliative resections are the majority. They have no more severity than curative resections and give a 10 p.c. 5 years survival. The main effort must bear on a decrease of post-operative pulmonary complications and mortality. PMID- 3209634 TI - [Ambulatory surgery in traumatic orthopedics]. AB - The use of ambulatory surgery for orthopedic injuries over a 6-year period is reported. The hand was involved in 54% of cases but it is logical to extend these techniques to cover other fields, as shown by this report. The various local and regional types of anesthesia are discussed and emphasis placed on important pre and post-operative modalities. No major anesthetic or surgical complication was observed. The method possesses advantages with respect to Health Care costs but inconveniences within the overall budget framework. PMID- 3209635 TI - [Umbilical hernia and appendectomy]. AB - Results of 334 appendectomies carried out through the umbilical orifice are reviewed. Failures of treatment and complications of the method are reported while emphasizing that only 4 major complications occurred. When compared with the classical incision of right iliac fossa this procedure does not appear to provoke more risks and presents obvious esthetic advantages. PMID- 3209636 TI - [Natural history of synchronous hepatic metastases from a non-treated colorectal cancer]. AB - The authors present a retrospective study concerning 135 cases of untreated synchronous metastases from colorectal cancer. The median survival is 5.5 months and the natural history is depending on the percentage of liver replacement, on the "performance status" of each patient and on the stage of primary tumors classified according to Dukes. The seric levels of Alkaline Phosphatase and CEA are other useful prognostic factors. The age of patients and systemic chemotherapy (5-Fluorouracil) are not able to influence the evolution of the disease. At last different techniques, both curative and palliative, used in the current treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer are discussed and the reported survival improvements reaching with these forms of treatment are compared to the natural history of the disease. PMID- 3209637 TI - [Injuries of the tendons of hand]. PMID- 3209638 TI - [The nutrient flap. Its application in saving lower limbs involved in stage IV arteritis]. AB - The skin covering role of the nutrient flap is only accessory. However, this role is essential for an ordinary flap. In stage IV arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs when classical revascularization techniques cannot be performed, the nutrient flap can be spread over the distal extremity of the limbs. It provides a supplementary blood flow to ischaemic zones and it induces the neoformation of a vascular network. The nutrient flap avoids the need for high amputation and preserves weight bearing by maintaining the heel. Four clinical cases are detailed and the surgical techniques are described. The flap usually raised from latissimus dorsi, is anastomosed to the popliteal artery by means of an inverted saphenous vein graft, and is spread over the extremity of the limb after a wide excision of all the necrotic tissues. PMID- 3209639 TI - [Metastasis in the carpal bones and cancer of the esophagus]. PMID- 3209640 TI - [Cancer of the parathyroid gland: a difficult diagnosis]. PMID- 3209641 TI - Emergence of vocal alternation in mother-infant interchanges. PMID- 3209642 TI - Maternal speech to prelingual infants in Japan and the United States: relationships among functions, forms and referents. PMID- 3209643 TI - Role of adult input in young children's category evolution. I. An observational study. PMID- 3209644 TI - First steps in the acquisition of Spanish stress. PMID- 3209645 TI - Early talk about the past: the origins of conversational stories of personal experience. PMID- 3209646 TI - From discourse to semantics: the development of verb morphology and forms of self reference in the speech of a two-year-old. PMID- 3209647 TI - Vocabulary simplification for children: a special case of 'motherese'? PMID- 3209648 TI - Children's production of commissive speech acts. PMID- 3209649 TI - The acquisition of the meanings of modality in children aged eight and twelve. PMID- 3209650 TI - Attribute saliency and metaphor interpretation in school-age children. PMID- 3209652 TI - Sixth Danube Symposium on Chromatography. Varna, October 12-17, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3209651 TI - The language bioprogram hypothesis revisited. PMID- 3209653 TI - Chromatography of microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids. AB - A mixture of hydroxy-, methoxy- and aminobenzenecarboxylic acids (aromatic acids) was studied by gas (GC) and liquid (LC) chromatography. The gas and high performance liquid chromatographs were attached to a computer. The GC method yielded elution data for trimethylsilyl derivatives of a large number of aromatic acids on four stationary silicone phases, OV-1, SE-52, OV-17 and 1,5-bis(m phenoxyphenyl)-1,1,3,3,5,5-hexaphenyltrisiloxane. HPLC measurements afforded capacity factors, k, for these aromatic acids on a reversed stationary phase as a function of the mobile phase composition, which consisted of methanol (or ethanol), water and acetic acid. The GC and LC separation systems were described by an empirical function, embodying parameters such as the resolution, R, standard deviation, s, analysis time, t, and time for preparative work, tp. Evaluation of the optimization function enabled assessment of the applicability of the chromatographic methods to the analysis and isolation of natural metabolites of aromatic amino acids from microbial material. PMID- 3209654 TI - Micropreparative-scale enrichment of some allergenic components of Parietaria pollen extract. AB - A preparative-scale enrichment of the allergenic components of the pollen extract of Parietaria judaica, which grow all over the Mediterranean area, has been obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography, operating in the ion-exchange mode at pH 7 with a curvilinear ionic-strength gradient. PMID- 3209655 TI - Single-step high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of nucleoside monophosphates for ribonuclease specificity. PMID- 3209656 TI - Chromatographic separation and partial characterization of microbial low molecular-weight proteinase inhibitors. AB - A crude preparation, inhibiting trypsin (T), chymotrypsin (C) and papain (P), was isolated from the culture filtrate of Actinomyces sp. 9 by butanol extraction. Ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of this preparation on a Mono S column resulted in the separation of two inhibitory fractions: one active against T (TI-9) and the other active against C and P (CPI-9). These two fractions, having the same inhibitory specificity, were also obtained from the crude extract by size-exclusion HPLC on a Superose 12 column. This method proved to be better in terms of the purity of the fractionated inhibitors than ion exchange chromatography. Further purification of TI-9 and CPI-9 was achieved by using reversed-phase HPLC on a PEP RPC column. In this case, TI-9 was obtained as an apparently homogeneous peak. Studies on the physicochemical properties of the purified inhibitors showed them to be small molecules, similar in hydrophobicity, pH and thermal stability, but differing in solubility. Amino acid and spectral analyses provided the peptidic structure of TI-9 and gave a molecular weight of 1643, while parallel analyses of CPI-9 showed that it lacks the common amino acids. PMID- 3209657 TI - Gas chromatographic analysis of histidine: effect on other amino acids present. AB - Earlier proposals aimed at increasing the detector responses of histidine in gas chromatographic analysis have been compared and contrasted with regard to their effect on the other amino acids present. Twenty-one amino acids have been measured in the form of their N,O,(S)-trifluoroacetyl (TFA) isobutyl esters. Detector responses of the amino acid N,O,(S)-TFA isobutyl esters of dichloromethane solutions alone and mixed with acetic anhydride were recorded and compared with those of other TFA esters. Reproducibility data for chosen representative amino acid N,O,(S)-TFA isobutyl esters are presented. PMID- 3209658 TI - Densitometric identification of triglycerides separated by reversed-phase thin layer chromatography. AB - A method to identify triglycerides, separated by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography on silanized Kieselguhr G layers using densitometric data only, is described. Different triglyceride mixtures, containing components with partition numbers in the range 44-56, have been scanned. A linear relationship between the partition numbers of the zones and the maximum-to-maximum distances of the corresponding peaks, relative to the peak of the zones with partition number 48, has been found. The validity of this equation has been confirmed experimentally for triglycerides with partition numbers in the range 30-46. The method allows the identification of the triglyceride components of a mixture by their partition numbers, provided only one partition number is known or can be determined independently. An example concerning sunflower oil triglycerides is presented. PMID- 3209659 TI - Separation of triglyceride groups by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography on silanized Kieselguhr. AB - The resolution of triglyceride mixtures on a Kieselguhr G layer silanized with dimethyldichlorosilane and the mobile phase acetone-acetonitrile-water under different chromatographic conditions has been investigated. The influence of the water content on the separation has been studied. Each triglyceride mixture needs a mobile phase with a definite polarity, which depends on the partition numbers of the triglyceride components. Since a linear correlation between the partition number and the water content was observed, prediction of the mobile phase composition for any triglyceride mixture is possible, provided the partition numbers of the components are known. The chromatographic conditions found can be applied for resolution of triglyceride groups with partition numbers ranging from 30 to 52, in different triglyceride mixtures. PMID- 3209660 TI - Optimization of fluorescence detection for the determination of labetalol in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of labetalol has been developed. A mobile phase consisting of citrate buffer (pH 6.5), acetonitrile and 2-propanol and an RP-8 column were used. The sensitivity of the fluorescence detection was enhanced to 1 ng/ml of labetalol in plasma by optimizing the emitted light. General guidelines for optimization of fluorescence detection are discussed. PMID- 3209661 TI - Analysis of water-soluble vitamins by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. AB - Seven water-soluble vitamins were determined simultaneously by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with UV detection. All these compounds were separated from each other within ca. 22 min by using a carrier containing sodium dodecyl sulphate as the surfactant. On-column detection at 254 nm with ethyl p-aminobenzoate as the internal standard allowed sensitive, accurate and reproducible determination of these compounds. Five principal constituents of a vitamin injection were determined with relative standard deviations of less than 2.1%. PMID- 3209662 TI - Identification of degradation products of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry under both electron impact and methane chemical ionization conditions has been used to detect impurities and degradation products present in the mustard simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, with a detection limit of 0.05 area percent. After one and two years of storage at ambient temperatures, the primary degradation product was 1,4-dithiane formed from the degradation of dimeric sulfonium ions. Oxidation and hydrolysis products were not detected. PMID- 3209663 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of calcium stearate in polyethylene food packaging sheets. PMID- 3209664 TI - Separation of oligonucleotides by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography on a non-porous ion exchanger. PMID- 3209665 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of cyadox in medicated feeds and in the contents of the porcine gastrointestinal tract with fluorescence detection. PMID- 3209666 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of sulphur and captan in a mixture. PMID- 3209667 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of subcomponents of antimycin A. AB - Using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique, a mixture of antimycins A was separated into eight hitherto unreported subcomponents, A1a, A1b, A2a, A2b, A3a, A3b, A4a, and A4b. Although a base-line resolution of the known four major antimycins A1, A2, A3, and A4 was readily achieved with mobile phases containing acetate buffers, the separation of the new antibiotic subcomponents was highly sensitive to variation in mobile phase conditions. The type and composition of organic modifers, the nature of buffer salts, and the concentration of added electrolytes had profound effects on capacity factors, separation factors, and peak resolution values. Of the numerous chromatographic systems examined, a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water (70:30) and 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium phosphate at pH 3.0 yielded the most satisfactory results for the separation of the subcomponents. Reversed-phase gradient HPLC separation of the dansylated or methylated antibiotic compounds produced superior chromatographic characteristics and the presence of added electrolytes was not a critical factor for achieving separation. Differences in the chromatographic outcome between homologous and structural isomers were interpreted based on a differential solvophobic interaction rationale. Preparative reversed-phase HPLC under optimal conditions enabled isolation of pure samples of the methylated antimycin subcomponents for use in structural studies. PMID- 3209668 TI - Separation characteristics of alkylated guanines in high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The retention behavior of thirteen alkylated guanines on normal-phase silica gel and amino columns and on reversed-phase ODS and phenyl columns was studied. The larger the alkyl substituent at the same position of guanine the weaker was the retention in the normal-phase chromatographic system and the greater the retention during reversed-phase chromatography. O6-Derivatives possess the lowest polarity in each set of isomers. An amino column was found to be of highest efficiency in terms of separation of the set of ethylguanine isomers and of benzylguanines studied. A phenyl column provided the best resolution of methylated guanines. PMID- 3209669 TI - [Quadratic analysis of left ventricular ejection phase volume using a M-mode echocardiogram, and the effects of beta-methyldigoxin, nifedipine, physical exercise and propranolol on new parameters]. PMID- 3209670 TI - [Clinical research of the treatment of malignant gliomas by local administration of adriamycin. A statistical study of 118 cases]. PMID- 3209671 TI - [The effects of food ingredients on non-heme iron absorption in rats and the inhibitory mechanism of soy protein isolate]. PMID- 3209672 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular system in normal adults. Assessment of normal values and a study of correlation with body constitution]. PMID- 3209673 TI - [A study of visual evoked potential changes during imipramine treatment in patients with endogenous depression. Their relationship to the dose of drugs, the severity of illness and other factors]. PMID- 3209674 TI - [Studies of maternity blues syndrome]. PMID- 3209675 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of adult acute leukemias in the past 5 years]. PMID- 3209676 TI - Alterations in craniofacial growth induced by isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) in mouse whole embryo and primary mesenchymal cell culture. AB - Recent evidence has demonstrated that 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA, or isotretinoin) is responsible for various craniofacial malformations in the rodent and human embryo. Our studies have been directed toward understanding this effect using mouse whole embryo and primary cell cultures. In whole embryo culture, 13 cis-RA caused significant overall embryonic growth retardation, especially in the primary and secondary palatal processes. In embryos explanted on day 10 of gestation and exposed for 24 or 48 hr, the mesenchyme beneath the epithelium of the nasal and maxillary processes contained pyknotic nuclei as well as a dramatically reduced number of nuclei incorporating 3H-thymidine. The secondary palatal processes and the roof of the oral-nasal cavity had fewer mesenchymal cells than control embryos. The incorporation of 3H-thymidine into TCA-insoluble macromolecules was 30% less in the retinoid-treated heads. In primary cell cultures from day-12 mouse secondary palatal mesenchyme, subsequent cell growth was decreased at concentrations of 13-cis-RA greater than 1 X 10(-5) M. After a 40-hr treatment period, labeling indices in retinoid-treated cells were significantly lower than control values (25% compared with 40%). Retinoic acid also caused a significant, concentration-dependent decrease in 3H-thymidine incorporation. The inhibitory effect of 13-cis-RA on proliferation of oral-nasal mesenchymal cells appears to be related to the production of craniofacial malformations. PMID- 3209677 TI - Finite element method comparison of murine mandibular form differences. AB - The differences of adult female murine mandibular form between two inbred strains of mice (BALB/cBy and C57BL/6By) were analyzed by use of the finite element method (FEM). In the present instance, this method overcomes the conceptual and methodologic constraints of both craniometry and roentgenographic cephalometry by providing two-dimensional, reference-frame-invariant, independent comparisons of the size, shape, and location of the point continua enclosed within the boundaries for each local, finite element into which the mandible was discretized. At the present scale of observation, it is suggested that the FEM kinematic descriptions of form comparisons can be correlated with dynamic interpretations offered by the functional matrix hypothesis, i.e., that certain discrete, causal relationships exist between the continuum form of single elements and the form, or function, of anatomic structures associated with these elements. It is concluded that, in addition to its previously demonstrated use in the analysis of growth, the finite element method seems well suited for comparisons of form. PMID- 3209678 TI - Corticosteroid-induced cleft palate in short-ear mice. AB - Corticosteroid-induced facial clefting was examined in short-ear mice (inbred strain SEA/GnJ from Jackson Laboratory). They were found to be gentle, prolific breeders (average litter size 7.3 +/- 2.6), with no increased fetal loss due to treatment. Although they have the most "resistant" H-2 haplotype (H-2d), they were found to be highly susceptible to corticosteroid-induced clefting, demonstrating that loci other than H-2 are involved in susceptibility. The short ear locus itself is a plausible candidate, given that this gene on chromosome 9 leads to defective mesenchymal condensation, which in turn may render these mice extremely sensitive to teratogen exposure. Another gene or genes on chromosome 9 are also possibilities. PMID- 3209679 TI - Microcephaly in familial holoprosencephaly. AB - The holoprosencephaly sequence (HS) is characterized by abnormalities in forebrain cleavage and midface development. Familial holoprosencephaly has been reported in several families and there appears to be variable expression of the disorder in those who inherit the gene. Previous investigators have suggested hypotelorism and/or missing central incisors as mild manifestations of autosomal dominant HS. We evaluated a large kindred with three individuals with severe brain anomalies and 12 individuals with minor manifestations of the disorder. The most consistent sign in those mildly affected was microcephaly. We suggest that head circumference is an important part of the evaluation of the relatives of a patient with holoprosencephaly. PMID- 3209680 TI - Craniofacial pattern similarities and additional orofacial findings in siblings with the Robinow syndrome. AB - This study elucidates a craniofacial profile pattern similarity among four family members with the Robinow syndrome. Using eight angular measurements, these profiles (created from standard scores and correlation coefficients (rz) among siblings) exceed 0.80. Dental examination of these same children demonstrates an unusual incisal edge morphology that could comprise one additional identifying feature in this disorder. The accumulation of findings in this study, along with those previously reported, emphasizes midline craniofacial involvement in the Robinow syndrome. PMID- 3209681 TI - Genetic and epigenetic challenges in tooth development. PMID- 3209682 TI - Autosomal dominant inheritance of the DeMyer Sequence. AB - Holoprosencephaly (HPC) may be an isolated trait or may be associated with other craniofacial defects. As an isolated trait, HPC has been reported to be inherited as an autosomal recessive, while autosomal dominant inheritance has been reported for sequences or syndromes in which HPC occurs. This paper presents a family in which several people have variable combinations of craniofacial defects. The most severely affected relatives have HPC, while others have only mild facial dysmorphia and decreased bitemporal diameters. One relative has a single central incisor in the maxilla. The pattern of defects in this family is inherited as an autosomal dominant. Other families with the reported pattern of defects, including single central incisors as minimal manifestations, are cited. Because HPC is found only occasionally in the pattern of defects, the term DeMyer Sequence is proposed as a more appropriate designator than the more commonly used Holoprosencephaly Sequence. PMID- 3209683 TI - Microtia in infants with chromosomal trisomy. AB - Two children with chromosomal trisomy and severe ear malformations are described. This report further emphasizes the etiologic heterogeneity of microtia. PMID- 3209684 TI - Changes in craniofacial size and shape with two modes of orthodontic treatment. AB - Traditional cephalometric assessments not only provide cursory descriptions of craniofacial form but cannot withstand critical scientific appraisal. A more rigorous technique termed finite element analysis was used in this study. The study was based on lateral cephalographs from age-sex matched patient samples taken before and after the completion of orthodontic treatment. The results showed varying patterns of craniofacial change resulting from orthodontic treatment, compared with a control sample without treatment. These contrasts were shown to vary depending on the datum (nodal) point arrays used to define the component finite elements. The study therefore emphasized that the craniofacial changes resulting from orthodontic treatment are far more complex than envisaged from traditional cephalometric appraisals. These data also indicated the urgent need to investigate further the datum points used to define cephalometric form. PMID- 3209685 TI - Effect of iodine deficiency on craniofacial growth in young common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). AB - The effects of iodine deficiency on general and craniofacial growth were determined in young common marmosets. Examinations, including direct measurement, cephalometric radiology, and dental examination, were performed at three-month intervals from birth to 1 year on a cross-sectional sample of three groups of marmosets. The groups were those on a normal diet, n = 50; an iodine-deficient diet during gestation and for 1 year postnatally, n = 26; and an iodine-deficient diet only during gestation (returned to a normal diet at 1 month after birth), n = 18. The iodine-deficient animals were smaller in all dimensions, compared with controls, but they did not have typical cretin facies. Animals that were iodine deficient during gestation but subsequently fed a normal diet were small initially but displayed compensatory growth, so that by 1 year they were nearly normal in size. PMID- 3209686 TI - Numeric anomalies of teeth in concomitant hypodontia and hyperdontia. AB - Variations in tooth number in children, each of whom had supernumerary teeth and agenesis of teeth, is described. Among the 11, seven had cleft lip and palate, and two had clefting syndromes; two children had dental anomalies only. Only children who had both supernumerary teeth and congenitally missing teeth outside the area of the cleft alveolus were included. Concomitant hypodontia and hyperdontia were observed in the same dentition in nine subjects, in the same jaw in eight subjects, and in the same jaw quadrant in only three subjects. Supernumerary teeth and agenesis of teeth were observed simultaneously more often in the permanent dentitions than in the deciduous dentitions or in both dentitions simultaneously. The overall number of supernumeraries was 10 in the deciduous dentition and 14 in the permanent dentition of the 11 subjects. The number of congenitally absent teeth was 14 in the deciduous dentition and 40 in the permanent dentition. The etiology of concomitant hypodontia and hyperdontia is difficult to explain. It may result from disturbances in migration, proliferation, and differentiation of neural crest cells or interactions between the epithelial and mesenchymal cells during the initiation of odontogenesis. PMID- 3209687 TI - Electron microscopic observations on the fate of hypertrophic chondrocytes in condylar cartilage of rat mandible. AB - The present study focused on the hypertrophic cell zone and the adjacent region of primary spongiosa in the mandibular condylar cartilage in growing rats (3 to 7 weeks old). In this cartilage, chondrocytes were not arranged in columns, and there was no clear distinction between longitudinal and transverse septum. The hypertrophic chondrocytes were not surrounded entirely by calcified matrix, and capillaries were in close contact with cartilage cells. The staining intensity of the pericellular matrix decreased in the lower hypertrophic cell zone in comparison with that in the upper part of the hypertrophic cell zone. Electron microscopic examinations indicated that the lowest hypertrophic cells contained lysosomes and pinocytotic vesicles. Some hypertrophic chondrocytes appeared to have been released from their lacunae and were observed in the region of the primary spongiosa. Hence it is suggested that the lowest hypertrophic chondrocytes in the rat mandibular condyle do not die but are released from their lacunae into the bone marrow. Further study is needed to determine whether or not these cells do indeed become osteoblasts and/or chondroclasts. PMID- 3209688 TI - Sites of serotonin uptake in epithelia of the developing mouse palate, oral cavity, and face: possible role in morphogenesis. AB - With the method of whole mouse embryo culture, together with immunocytochemistry with an antiserum to serotonin (5-HT), sites of 5-HT uptake were found to be transiently expressed in the epithelia of the developing palate, tongue, nasal septum, and maxillary and mandibular prominences during the period of active morphogenesis (embryonic days 12-14; or E12-14). These sites had the ability to take up 5-HT when added to the culture medium in the presence of the MAO inhibitor nialamide and an antioxiant, L-cysteine (NC), and could also be seen after exposure of embryos to the 5-HT precursor L-tryptophan (L-TRP) + NC. These sites were also visible after culturing embryos without any additives, which may have been due to the presence of L-TRP in one component of the culture medium (DMEM) or to 5-HT itself, which is present in relatively high amounts in fetal calf serum. At E12-13, the appearance of 5-HT immunoreactivity (IR) at these sites after treatment with 5-HT + NC was blocked by the 5-HT uptake inhibitor fluoxetine, providing further evidence that these are true sites of 5-HT uptake. However, fluoxetine did not completely block the appearance of these sites in E14 embryos after 5-HT + NC or L-TRP + NC although it was effective with NC alone. This finding could mean that at E14 5-HT uptake into these sites occurs by mechanisms not completely blocked by fluoxetine or that there is some limited capacity for 5-HT synthesis. Taken together with results from previous studies where 1) 5-HT has been reported to stimulate palatal shelf reorientation and palatal mesenchyme cell motility in vitro [Wee et al., J Embryol Exp Morphol 53:75-90, 1979; Zimmerman et al., J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 3:371-385, 1983] and 2) long-term culturing of mouse embryos in the presence of 5-HT or fluoxetine has been shown to cause malformations of the craniofacial region (Lauder, Thomas, and Sadler, in preparation), the results of the present study suggest that 5-HT could act as a developmental signal in the palate, oral cavity, and face during the period of active morphogenesis. PMID- 3209689 TI - A small region of chromosome 9 in liability to cleft palate (CP) in mice. PMID- 3209690 TI - Functional regeneration in the hindlimb skeletal muscle of the mdx mouse. AB - The pattern of spontaneous skeletal muscle degeneration and clinical recovery hindlimb muscles of the mdx mutant mouse was examined for functional and metabolic confirmation of apparent structural regeneration. The contractile properties, histochemical staining and myosin light chain and parvalbumin contents of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (Sol) muscles of mdx and age-matched control mice were studied at 3-4 and 32 weeks. Histochemical staining (myofibrillar ATPase and NADH-tetrazolium reductase) revealed no significant change in slow-twitch-oxidative (SO) or fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibre type proportions in mdx Sol apart from the normal age-related increase in SO fibres. At 32 weeks mdx EDL, however, showed significantly smaller fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) and larger FOG proportions than those in control EDL. These fibre type distributions were confirmed by differential staining with antibodies to myosin slow-twitch and fast-twitch heavy chain isozymes. Frequency distribution of cross-sectional area for each fibre type showed a wider than normal range of areas especially in FOG fibres of mdx Sol, and FG fibres of mdx EDL, supporting previous observations using autoradiography of myofibre regeneration. Isometric twitch and tetanic tensions in Sol were significantly less than in controls at 4 weeks, but by 32 weeks, values were not different from age-matched controls. In mdx EDL at 3 weeks, twitch and tetanus tensions were significantly less, and time to-peak twitch tensions were significantly faster than in control EDL. By 32 weeks, mdx EDL twitch and tetanus tensions expressed relative to muscle weight continued to be significantly lower than in age-matched controls, despite normal absolute tensions. The maximum velocity of shortening in 32-week mdx EDL was significantly lower than in control EDL. Myosin light chain distribution in mdx Sol exhibited significantly less light chain 2-slow (LC2s) and more light chain 1b-slow(LC1bs) at 32 weeks than age-matched control Sol. Gels of EDL from 32-week old mdx mice showed significantly less light chain 2-fast-phosphorylated (LC2f-P) and light chain 3-fast (LC3f) and significantly more light chain 1-fast (LC1f) and light chain 2-fast (LC2f), but normal parvalbumin content compared to age matched controls. These observations suggest that mdx hindlimb muscles are differentially affected by the disease process as it occurs in murine models of dystrophy. However, the uniqueness of mdx Sol and to a lesser extent EDL is that they also undergo an important degree of functional regeneration which is able to compensate spontaneously for degenerative influences of genetic origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3209691 TI - Identification and distribution of some developmental isoforms of myosin heavy chains in avian muscle fibres. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies that react with all the slow skeletal myosin heavy chains in the mammalian skeletal muscles appeared to react with only SM1 myosin heavy chain in the post-hatch muscles of chicken. Further studies on the developing chicken showed one of these two antibodies to react with an additional myosin heavy chain in the early embryonic skeletal muscle as well as with the cardiac muscle. It is concluded that this antibody identified a slow muscle-like embryonic isoform of myosin heavy chain during earlier stages of development. While this embryonic isoform was more abundant during early development, the synthesis of SM1 myosin heavy chain was restricted to only presumptive slow muscle cells. PMID- 3209692 TI - The length dependence of the series elasticity of pig bladder smooth muscle. AB - Strips of urinary bladder smooth muscle were subjected to a series of quick release measurements. Each measurement consisted of several releases and resets to the original length, made during one contraction. The complete length-force characteristic of series elasticity was quantified by estimating H, the amplitude of quick release necessary to reduce the active force to exactly zero, and Db, a measure for the deviation of the characteristic from a straight line. By measuring a series of contractions at increasing stretched strip lengths, the length dependence of these parameters was studied. It was found that H depends linearly on stretched strip length. On average H/length amounted to 0.04. Db decreased when strips were stretched, i.e. a straight line was more closely approximated. Both parameter dependencies support the concept of two separate elastic mechanisms, a linear true passive elasticity in series with a non-linear elasticity in the cross-bridges. For the latter, H amounts to 3.8% of the initial strip length. PMID- 3209693 TI - Complexity of myosin species in the avian posterior latissimus dorsi muscle. AB - The myosin content of the avian posterior latissimus dorsi muscle, a small fast twitch muscle similar in fibre type to the much-studied pectoralis major muscle (type IIB), has been explored using high resolution chromatography of the proteolytic fragment known as subfragment-1 and of the products of its limited tryptic digestion, followed by N-terminal sequencing of selected peptides. The complexity of species found greatly exceeds that anticipated from the fibre-type homogeneity of the muscle and from previous studies (Bandman et al., Cell 29 (1982) 645-50; Lowey et al., J. Musc. Res. Cell Motility 4 (1983) 695-716; Crow & Stockdale Dev. Biol. 118 (1986) 333-42). A minimum of four heavy chain species were identified. One form, approximately 40% of the heavy chain complement, appears to be identical to the well-characterized type IIB isoform of the pectoralis major muscle. The remaining species differ from the pectoralis major form in primary sequence. None is identical to the post-hatch isoform of the pectoralis major muscle. PMID- 3209695 TI - The Fear Survey Schedule III and its correlation with personality in Egyptian samples. AB - An Arabic version of the 108 item Wolpe-Lang Fear Survey Schedule (FSS III) was administered to four Egyptian groups of undergraduates, in order to estimate test reliability. One-week interval stability coefficients for the total test score were 0.79 for males and 0.86 for females. Internal consistency (odd vs even) coefficients were 0.96 for males and 0.95 for females. It was concluded that the reliability of the Arabic version of the FSS had been adequately demonstrated. The Arabic FSS was correlated with several personality tests with results mostly in keeping with Western studies. PMID- 3209694 TI - Weight changes in a couples program: negative association of marital adjustment. AB - This study investigated the difference in weight changes of subjects who rated their marriages as more adjusted vs subjects who rated their marriages as less adjusted. Twenty-six moderately obese subjects were assigned to one of two groups based on their initial scores on the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale (MAS). The 10 subjects in the "moderately unhappy" group (MAS less than or equal to 99) lost significantly more weight than the 16 subjects in the "relatively happy" group (MAS greater than or equal to 100) at the end of the one-year treatment program (29.9 lb vs 20.4 lb) and at 3-month follow-up (27.7 lb vs 17.8 lb). Significantly more subjects in the unhappy group also reached ideal weight than subjects in the happy group (50% vs 7.7%). Subjects' initial MAS scores were significantly and negatively correlated with weight changes at post-treatment and follow-up; partners' MAS scores at the end of treatment were also significantly and negatively correlated to subjects' weight losses at post-treatment. None of the couples was initially maritally distressed but one couple met this criterion (MAS less than or equal to 85) by the end of treatment and follow-up. It was concluded that marital counseling is not a prerequisite for weight counseling, couples' marital adjustment does not improve as the subject loses weight and a moderate level of marital dissatisfaction does not seem to be an insurmountable barrier to successful weight loss and may be an advantage for some individuals. PMID- 3209696 TI - Different rates of improvement of different symptoms in combined pharmacological and behavioral treatment of agoraphobia. AB - This study was designed to see whether the high vs low serum level of imipramine influenced the outcome of in vivo exposure therapy on patients with agoraphobia. Thirty-six subjects completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90 one week before treatment and weekly throughout treatment. Both groups demonstrated equal improvement. It was noted that the rate of improvement differed for different symptom subscales: (1) Hostility, Paranoia and Psychotic symptom ratings improved over the first three weeks of treatment, (2) Interpersonal Sensitivity, Anxiety and Depression ratings improved throughout the first seven weeks of treatment and (3) Phobic Anxiety, Somatization and Obsessive Compulsure symptom ratings continued to improve throughout the entire 12 week course of treatment. Responsive vs nonresponsive subjects could be significantly differentiated after one week of treatment on the basis of their responses to the Psychoticism subscale. PMID- 3209697 TI - The possible relation of the menstrual cycle to susceptibility to fear acquisition. AB - Biological changes due to the menstrual cycle may account for the fact that fears are not equally distributed between the sexes. In a differential, classical conditioning paradigm, women in premenstrual phase of their menstrual cycles were compared with a control group of women at other points in their cycles except within seven days before menstruation. Electric shock and pictures of natural scenes were used as UCS and CS respectively. Premenstrual women showed an enhanced susceptibility to the acquisition of a conditioned skin conductance response and to delayed extinction, while control women did not. The possible role of an altered physiological state during the premenstrual phase in the acquisition of fear responses is discussed. PMID- 3209698 TI - Placebo effects in the treatment of male dating anxiety. AB - The outcomes of cognitive-behavioral and high credibility placebo group treatments were compared in a sample of nineteen heterosocially anxious males. At post-test and at a 3-month follow-up, both treatments showed improvement on self report measures of interpersonal functioning (ps less than 0.05). The cognitive behavioral treatment showed a consistent pattern of improvement on self-report and behavioral measures of anxiety (ps less than 0.05), but, overall, the groups showed comparable levels of effectiveness. The possibility that both treatments relied on placebo mechanisms is discussed. PMID- 3209699 TI - Distortion of body image as an effect of conditioned fear. PMID- 3209700 TI - Guided imaginal coping: an integrative treatment for panic disorder. AB - Contemporary models suggest that persons with panic disorder inaccurately attribute somatic anxiety symptoms to catastrophic causes. This consequently exacerbates their physiological symptoms, triggering full-blown panic attacks. Researchers have modified catastrophic thinking using cognitive therapy, but typically have not employed these techniques during actual episodes of heightened arousal. Thus, reported cognitive changes may not generalize to naturalistic situations involving hyperreactivity. This study describes use of an intervention which simultaneously combines symptom exposure and cognitive therapy techniques. The client treated here experienced reductions in panic attack frequency as well as duration and became less depressed as therapy progressed. Discussion addresses potential causal mechanisms and directions for future research. PMID- 3209701 TI - Procedures to increase social interaction among adolescents with autism: a multiple baseline analysis. AB - Isolate behavior, impaired social relationships and lack of conversational skills are behaviors which characterize persons described as autistic. These deficits interfere with their effective integration into school and social environments. This study of three subjects investigates the use of imagery procedures, specifically, covert reinforcement, to increase peer verbal initiations in adolescents who are labeled "autistic" and concomitantly looks at the demand characteristics of therapist "request". A multiple baseline analysis was used to assess the effects of individual training sessions on peer verbal initiations. The results demonstrate that verbal initiations can be changed in socially deficient adolescents labeled "autistic". PMID- 3209702 TI - Evaluation of long-term therapeutic efficacy of behavior modification program with chronic male psychiatric inpatients. AB - An experimental Behavior Modification Program (BMP) was carried out on fifteen diagnosed chronic schizophrenic male patients on a mixed-population open psychiatric unit in a VA Medical Center. Treatment consisted of positive reinforcement and response-cost contingency procedures and was conducted for 85, 80, 75 and 70 sessions, respectively, for the fifteen patients. These psychiatric patients were recruited for treatment based on staff documentation and reports of gross verbal abuse, non-attendance at assignments, poor grooming skills, and excessive drinking behavior while circulating on the mixed-population open psychiatric ward. Three to four of the aforementioned inappropriate (target) behaviors were selected for each subject and were treated sequentially in a multiple baseline design. Both procedures were highly successful for the fifteen male psychiatric patients in changing three of their target behaviors, but only partially effective for eight of those patients with drinking behavior problems. Follow-up assessment of the participants in the study indicated that most of the positive effects of intervention persisted over 6-12 months post-treatment periods. Of the fifteen inpatients that participated in the BMP, fourteen have been discharged into community foster homes and one remains on the open psychiatric ward awaiting placement outside the hospital. PMID- 3209703 TI - Crystal ball gazing and the effects of fate. PMID- 3209704 TI - Statistics on microcomputers. A non-algebraic guide to their appropriate use in biomedical research and pathology laboratory practice. 2. Confidence intervals and significance tests. PMID- 3209705 TI - Brush cytology of the colon and rectum in ulcerative colitis: an aid to cancer diagnosis. AB - In a prospective study of 100 patients with ulcerative colitis, 82 of whom had extensive colitis, carcinoma and dysplasia were distinguished cytologically from reactive hyperplasia. Six patients had carcinoma complicating colitis and satisfactory samples were obtained from five; the cytological appearances were interpreted as carcinoma in three and as dysplasia in two. Seventy eight patients had not developed carcinoma or dysplasia; the cytological appearances were interpreted as negative for dysplasia in 75 and indefinite for dysplasia in three. In patients who had developed dysplasia the changes seemed to be more widespread on cytological rather than on histological examination. Brush cytology may complement histological assessment in patients with ulcerative colitis who have developed strictures or in whom there is a high suspicion of neoplastic change. PMID- 3209707 TI - Anatomical variations in human carotid bodies. AB - The variations in anatomical structure and position of both carotid bodies were noted in 100 consecutive subjects who came to necropsy. Considerable variations in form were found. Although most carotid bodies (83% on the right and 86% on the left) were of the classic ovoid type, an appreciable minority was bilobed (9% on the right and 7% on the left) or double (7% on the right and 6% on the left); 1% were leaf shaped. All these anatomical variants have to be distinguished from the pathologically enlarged carotid body that may have a smooth or finely nodular surface. Anatomical variants (such as the bilobed) may themselves enlarge as a consequence of carotid body hyperplasia. PMID- 3209706 TI - HMFG-2 as a prognostic indicator in superficial bladder cancer. AB - A series of transitional cell carcinomas and mucosal biopsy specimens of bladder were stained immunohistochemically with the monoclonal antibody HMFG-2. Staining characteristics ranged from luminal staining in well differentiated, superficial lesions to staining of all cells in invasive carcinomas. Invasive tumour nests also stained strongly with the antibody. There was good correlation between the staining pattern and histological assessment of both tumours and mucosal biopsy specimens. Correlation with clinical course showed that it was also a good predictor of subsequent disease progression of superficial tumours. It is suggested that HMFG-2 staining is a sensitive indictor of malignant transformation and that it may have a role as an adjunct to conventional histological examination in the assessment of urothelial carcinomas. PMID- 3209708 TI - Accurate automated leucocyte differential counts despite profound leucopenia. AB - The differential white cell counts produced by the Technicon H*1 Autoanalyser in profoundly leucopenic specimens were compared with those carried out by manual differential counting by light microscopy of peripheral blood smears stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. The correlation achieved allowed the H*1 derived differential count to be reported with confidence. PMID- 3209709 TI - TOXBASE: a microcomputer database for post mortem toxicology. AB - A cheap microcomputer program for the storage, retrieval, and analysis of the results of toxicological investigations on samples obtained at necropsy was devised. The program was written using FoxBASE+, a dBase III clone, which is both cheaper and faster than other comparable software. The hardware requirements are an IBM PC compatible microcomputer, preferably with both hard and floppy disc drives, and a suitable printer. The system was found to be particularly useful when preparing reports for coroners and in retrieving data for administrators concerned with aspects of work in the laboratory. The system is flexible and can be readily adapted to other uses. PMID- 3209710 TI - HIV detection by DNA amplification. PMID- 3209711 TI - Effect of oral microflora on interpreting hydrogen breath test. PMID- 3209712 TI - Immune complexes in the choroid plexus in systemic hypertension. PMID- 3209713 TI - Increased red cell volume distribution width in patients with bone marrow metastases. PMID- 3209714 TI - Fate of gross specimens in pathology. PMID- 3209715 TI - Bees, ginseng and MAOIs revisited. PMID- 3209716 TI - Oral tyramine pressor test and the safety of monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs: comparison of brofaromine and tranylcypromine in healthy subjects. AB - The pressor effect of orally administered tyramine (TYR) has been evaluated in 124 tests of 49 healthy unmedicated volunteers, in 99 tests of 29 subjects treated with the reversible selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) A inhibitor brofaromine (BROF), and in 73 tests of 12 subjects treated with tranylcypromine (TCP). In unmedicated subjects, pressor doses of TYR to raise systolic blood pressure (BP) by 30 mm Hg (PD30) ranged between 200 and 800 mg of TYR. There was no correlation of PD30 with sex, age, or weight. In repeated tests, the intraindividual coefficient of variation of the PD30 (+/- SD) was 10 +/- 9%. During treatment for 8 to 16 days with the two MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) BROF and TCP, seven-fold and 56-fold increases of TYR pressor sensitivity were estimated. A significant correlation was found between the individual PD30 before and during MAO inhibition with BROF. Cheese with a pressor content equal to the PD30 of TYR raised the systolic BP in only three of 10 volunteers during BROF inconsistently by not more than 20 mm. Therefore, the probability of "cheese reactions" during treatment with this reversible MAOI seems to be small. For complete normalization of oral pressor responsiveness, delays of 8 and 30 days after the last doses of BROF and TCP, respectively, are needed. The total incidence of systolic BP elevations by more than 60 mm Hg was 13% in a total of 296 oral tests given to 49 subjects. This incidence of easily controllable hypertensive reactions is outweighed by the importance of the test as predictor of clinical risks for drugs with TYR potentiating effects. PMID- 3209717 TI - Pharmacologic characterization of tardive dyskinesia. AB - Tardive dyskinesia (TD) occurs in approximately 20% of patients treated chronically with antipsychotic drugs and constitutes a major public health problem. The cause of this disorder remains unknown, and no effective treatment has yet been found. The major etiologic theory (dopamine [DA] supersensitivity hypothesis) suggests that TD is the pharmacologic opposite of Parkinson's disease and implies that all patients with TD should respond uniformly to specific pharmacologic agents. Clinical research, however, has not borne this out. To evaluate pharmacologic response in TD syndromes, 15 patients underwent single dose acute administration of four different drugs: a DA agonist (bromocriptine 5 mg orally), a DA antagonist (haloperidol 5 mg intravenously), a cholinergic agonist (physostigmine 2 mg intravenously) and a cholinergic antagonist (benztropine 4 mg intravenously), individually in separate procedures at weekly intervals for four consecutive weeks in randomized order and under controlled double-blind conditions. Patients were evaluated for their clinical and endocrine responses. Pre- and post-drug administration TD exams were blindly rated. Results were not consistent with the DA supersensitivity theory; instead they demonstrated marked inter- and intrasubject variability in pharmacologic responses. Greatest uniformity in response was found among the tardive dystonic subjects, although this also was not consistent with a DA supersensitivity hypothesis. TD appears to be a pharmacologically heterogeneous condition, which may reflect the neurochemical complexity of the basal ganglia. PMID- 3209719 TI - Tranylcypromine in social phobia. AB - Thirty-two patients meeting DSM-III criteria for social phobia entered a 1-year drug treatment with tranylcypromine in dosages between 40 and 60 mg/day. After exclusion of the early dropouts, improvement was rated as marked and moderate in 62% and 17% of the sample (N = 29), respectively. Alcohol abuse was associated with a poor outcome. Side effects were frequent and in some cases delayed the attainment of efficacious dosages until the third month of treatment. No serious adverse reactions occurred. The findings, relative to efficacy, are in accordance with a previous trial with phenelzine but need confirmation in double blind controlled studies. PMID- 3209718 TI - Effects of clonidine on alprazolam discontinuation in panic patients: a pilot study. AB - Effects of adjunctive clonidine (0.15 to 0.7 mg/day) on symptoms experienced during and for 4 weeks after gradual alprazolam discontinuation were observed in panic disorder patients after 6 weeks of successful treatment. Twelve of 14 entered patients were considered to have had a sufficient period of discontinuation (2 weeks) and clonidine administration (1 week) for effects to be assessed adequately. Nine of these 12 patients reached zero dose of alprazolam in 3 to 4 weeks. However, 10 of 12 patients experienced new withdrawal symptoms and 11 of 12 experienced recurrent panic attacks during tapering. Although a greater proportion of patients were successfully discontinued in a shorter time than in a previous nonclonidine trial, clonidine did not appear to have a specific effect on relapse or withdrawal. A placebo-controlled trial is needed to discriminate between possible contributions of clonidine and other factors (e.g., physician attitude, placebo effect of pill taking) to this improved outcome. PMID- 3209721 TI - The evolving right to treat without consent. PMID- 3209720 TI - FDA's treatment investigational new drug rule: one year later. PMID- 3209722 TI - Tricyclics, akathisia, and jitteriness. PMID- 3209723 TI - Inappropriate sexual behavior and denervation supersensitivity of limbic and midbrain LHRH receptors in Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3209724 TI - Akathisia associated with buspirone. PMID- 3209725 TI - The treatment of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia with tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 3209726 TI - Successful clonazepam treatment of adolescents with panic disorder. PMID- 3209727 TI - Treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3209728 TI - Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with verapamil. PMID- 3209729 TI - Visual cortex of the dolphin: an image analysis study. AB - On cytoarchitectonic grounds we have identified two distinct types of cortical formations composing the lateral gyrus (visual cortex) of the dolphin and have termed these heterolaminar cortex and homolaminar cortex. The heterolaminar cortex occupies the medial and lateral banks of the entolateral sulcus whereas the homolaminar cortex occupies the remainder of the lateral gyrus both lateral and medial to the entolateral sulcus. Each of these cortices exhibits special cytoarchitectonic features, a major difference being that heterolaminar cortex contains an incipient layer IV whereas layer IV is clearly absent in homolaminar cortex. Quantitative imaging procedures reveal that there is greater laminar differentiation in heterolaminar than in homolaminar cortex. Golgi analysis of neuronal forms and dendritic architecture confirms this distinction between the two types of cortex composing the lateral gyrus. Computer-assisted morphometric methods have been applied to both types of cortex and indicate by a variety of parameters several quantitative differences in the cellular numbers, types, and organization in each type of cortex. Both types of cortex, homolaminar and heterolaminar, exhibit a markedly higher cellular density in the posterior sector of the lateral gyrus than in the anterior sector. We have also for the first time been able to identify a columnar type of organization of the cetacean visual cortex and have described two types of cytoarchitectonic columns, major and minor, in each of these types of cortex. Comparisons in organization of these basic columnar units between the bat, representing a prototypic brain, and the dolphin reveal many similarities but also major quantitative differences in type of organization between the visual cortices in these species. Marked differences are also seen between the cytoarchitectonic columnar organization of the visual cortices in the dolphin and columnar organization of striate cortex in the human brain, the number of columns per unit of cortex in the human being almost twice that seen in the dolphin brain. Some phylogenetic implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the so-called "initial" type of cortical organization reconstructed largely by retrospective inference. PMID- 3209730 TI - Interstitial cells of Cajal in the canine colon: a special communication network at the inner border of the circular muscle. AB - The ultrastructure of the region shown to be essential for pacemaking activity of the circular muscle of the canine colon was studied. This region, at the inner border of the circular muscle, consists of a network of several layers of interstitial cells of Cajal type III. These are interconnected to one another and to the adjacent circular muscle cells by numerous gap junctions. Elsewhere in circular muscle, gap junctions are rare and small. In addition, interstitial cells are in close (often less than 20 nm) contact with nerve varicosities containing large granular vesicles or sometimes small granular vesicles. The morphology of interstitial cells resembles that of others of type III. It is suggested that this arrangement of interstitial cells, circular smooth muscles, and nerves allows for a tightly coupled network of membrane oscillators to be subject to neural modulation. PMID- 3209731 TI - Regional and laminar distribution of the dopamine and serotonin innervation in the macaque cerebral cortex: a radioautographic study. AB - The regional density and laminar distribution of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5 HT) afferents were investigated in the cerebral cortex of cynomolgus monkeys using a radioautographic technique that is based on the high affinity uptake capacity of these aminergic neurons. Large vibratome sections, 50 micron thick, were incubated with [3H] DA (0.2 microM) and desipramine (5 microM) or with unlabeled norepinephrine (5 microM) and [3H] 5-HT (0.6 microM), which allowed for the specific labeling of the DA and 5-HT innervations, respectively. After fixation, these sections were dried, defatted, and radioautographed by dipping. Semiquantitative data on the DA innervation also were provided by counting [3H] DA-labeled axonal varicosities in radioautographs from 4-micron-thick sections of the slices obtained after epon embedding. The DA innervation was widespread and differed in density and laminar distribution in the agranular and granular cortices. DA afferents were densest in the anterior cingulate (area 24) and the motor areas (areas 4, 6, and supplementary motor area [SMA]). In the latter they displayed a trilaminar pattern of distribution, predominating in layers I, IIIa, and V-VI, with characteristic cluster-like formations in layer IIIa, especially in the medial part of motor areas. In the granular prefrontal (areas 46, 9, 10, 11, 12), parietal (areas 1, 2, 3, 5, 7), temporal (areas 21, 22), and posterior cingulate (area 23) cortices, DA afferents were less dense and showed a bilaminar pattern of distribution, predominating in the depth of layer I and in layers V VI; density in layers II, III, and IV was only 20% of that in layer I. The lowest density was in the visual cortex, particularly in area 17, where the DA afferents were almost restricted to layer I. The density of 5-HT innervation was generally greater than that of DA except in the motor areas and in the anterior cingulate cortex. Region-specific laminar patterns characterized (1) motor areas where a lower density in layer III contrasted with the clusters of DA axons in the same layer; (2) the primary visual cortex (area 17), where two bands of higher density in layers III-IV and layer V outlined a poorly innervated zone in layer IVc-beta; (3) the peristriate area 18, where the 5-HT network was relatively loose but with a denser band in layer III. Thus, DA innervation of the cerebral cortex displays major differences between rodents and primates, characterized by expanded cortical targets and by a highly differentiated laminar distribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3209732 TI - Immunocytochemical studies of the distribution of acetylcholine in the crayfish brain. AB - A number of studies indicate that acetylcholine is an important transmitter in most crustacean primary afferents and in at least several central pathways. Little is known, however, regarding the structure or distribution of cholinergic pathways in the central nervous system. The recent introduction of antibodies to choline-protein conjugates provides a potentially powerful means for localizing putative cholinergic neurons and pathways in the nervous system. Acetylcholine was localized with immunocytochemical procedures in the axons and terminals of cephalic primary afferents and in interneurons of the crayfish brain. The most intensely reactive loci were the primary sensory neuropiles, which contain the terminals of the statocyst afferents (parolfactory lobes) and antennal afferents (antennal lobe). These results are generally in accord with previous findings based upon choline uptake and enzyme assay in lobster cephalic nerves. We also found evidence consistent with the presence of acetylcholine in the globular interneurons of the accessory lobe and in descending interneurons which originate in the dorsal medial and anterior clusters of the protocerebrum. The axons of several neurons in the circumesophageal connective (descending interneurons and primary afferents) are also reactive to the choline antibody. PMID- 3209733 TI - Generation patterns of four groups of cholinergic neurons in rat cervical spinal cord: a combined tritiated thymidine autoradiographic and choline acetyltransferase immunocytochemical study. AB - This report examines the generation of cholinergic neurons in the spinal cord in order to determine whether the transmitter phenotype of neurons is associated with specific patterns of neurogenesis. Previous immunocytochemical studies identified four groups of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons in the cervical enlargement of the rat spinal cord. These cell groups vary in both somatic size and location along the previously described ventrodorsal neurogenic gradient of the spinal cord. Thus, large (and small) motoneurons are located in the ventral horn, medium-sized partition cells are found in the intermediate gray matter, small central canal cluster cells are situated within lamina X, and small dorsal horn neurons are scattered predominantly through laminae III-V. The relationships among the birthdays of these four subsets of cholinergic neurons have been examined by combining 3H-thymidine autoradiography and ChAT immunocytochemistry. Embryonic day 11 was the earliest time that neurons were generated within the cervical enlargement. Large and small ChAT-positive motoneurons were produced on E11 and 12, with 70% of both groups being born on E11. ChAT-positive partition cells were produced between E11 and 13, with their peak generation occurring on E12. Approximately 70% of the cholinergic central canal cluster and dorsal horn cells were born on E13, and the remainder of each of these groups was generated on E14. Other investigators have shown that all neurons within the rat cervical spinal cord are produced in a ventrodorsal sequence between E11 and E16. In contrast, ChAT-positive neurons are born only from E11 to E14 and are among the earliest cells generated in the ventral, intermediate, and dorsal subdivisions of the spinal cord. However, all cholinergic neurons are not generated simultaneously; rather their birthdays are correlated with their positions along the ventrodorsal gradient of neurogenesis. The fact that large motoneurons and medium-sized partition cells are born before small central canal cluster and dorsal horn cells would appear to support the generalization that large neurons are generated before small ones. However, the location of spinal cholinergic neurons within the neurogenic gradient seems to be more importantly associated with the time of cell generation than somal size. For example, when large and small motoneurons located at the same dorsoventral spinal level are compared, both sizes of cells are generated at the same time and in similar proportions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3209734 TI - Localization of glycine-containing neurons in the Macaca monkey retina. AB - Autoradiography following 3H-glycine (Gly) uptake and immunocytochemistry with a Gly-specific antiserum were used to identify neurons in Macaca monkey retina that contain a high level of this neurotransmitter. High-affinity uptake of Gly was shown to be sodium dependent whereas release of both endogenous and accumulated Gly was calcium dependent. Neurons labeling for Gly included 40-46% of the amacrine cells and nearly 40% of the bipolars. Synaptic labeling was seen throughout the inner plexiform layer (IPL) but with a preferential distribution in the inner half. Bands of labeled puncta occurred in S2, S4, and S5. Both light and postembedding electron microscopic (EM) immunocytochemistry identified different types of amacrine and bipolar cell bodies and their synaptic terminals. The most heavily labeled Gly+ cell bodies typically were amacrine cells having a single, thick, basal dendrite extending deep into the IPL and, at the EM level, electron-dense cytoplasm and prominent nuclear infoldings. This cell type may be homologous with the Gly2 cell in human retina (Marc and Liu: J. Comp. Neurol. 232:241-260, '85) and the AII/Gly2 of cat retina (Famiglietti and Kolb: Brain Res. 84:293-300, '75; Pourcho and Goebel: J. Comp. Neurol. 233:473-480, '85a). Gly+ amacrines synapse most frequently onto Gly- amacrines and both Gly- and Gly+ bipolars. Gly+ bipolar cells appeared to be cone bipolars because their labeled dendrites could be traced only to cone pedicles. The pattern of these labeled dendritic trees indicated that both diffuse and midget types of biopolars were Gly+. The EM distribution of labeled synapses showed Gly+ amacrine synapses throughout the IPL, but these composed only 11-23% of the amacrine population. Most of the Gly+ bipolar terminals were in the inner IPL, where 70% of all bipolar terminals were labeled. These findings are consistent with previous data from cats and humans and suggest that both amacrine and bipolar cells contribute to glycine-mediated neurotransmission in the monkey retina. PMID- 3209735 TI - Acetylcholinesterase fiber staining in the human hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. AB - The AChE fiber distribution within the human hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus was studied in order to provide normative data for the examination of cholinergic fiberarchitecture in human pathology and to clarify the cytoarchitectonic organization of these structures. A modification of the Koelle method was used to stain temporal lobe serial sections from 6 neurologically normal human brains collected at autopsy. The hippocampal formation contains some of the densest staining of any cortical area. Regions with the heaviest concentrations of AChE fibers include a thin band along the inner edge of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (ml-DG) and parts of the CA2, CA3, and CA4 sectors of Ammon's horn. Staining is of intermediate intensity in the CA1 region. The subiculum (S) is more lightly stained than the CA fields. Staining in the parahippocampal gyrus is generally less dense than in the hippocampal formation. The most conspicuous feature of the human entorhinal cortex (EC) is the AChE-rich fiber patches seen overlapping the stellate cell islands in layer II. An additional band of relatively dense AChE staining is identified in layers IV-V. Prominent AChE-rich polymorphic neurons are present within the hilum of the dentate gyrus. The CA1/subiculum transition in Nissl preparation is characterized by an oblique interdigitation of CA1 cells. The transition from EC to prorhinal cortex occurs along the medial bank of the rhinal sulcus and is characterized by a band of AChE staining, which slopes obliquely away from layer II until it joins an intermediate pyramidal cell layer. Some comparisons with AChE staining in the monkey were made. The monkey has a similar pattern except in DG, where the intensely AChE staining band along the inner ml-DG is thicker and much more prominent. In comparison to the human, the monkey has more conspicuous AChE staining in the parasubicular region. PMID- 3209736 TI - Small lateral suprasylvian cortex lesions produce visual neglect and decreased visual activity in the superior colliculus. AB - Previous experiments in cats have shown that complete contralateral visual neglect is produced by removing all known visual cortex on one side of the brain, which can then be reversed by damaging the opposite superior colliculus. Presumably, descending facilitatory influences from the visual cortex to the ipsilateral superior colliculus are counterbalanced by intercollicular inhibition (Sprague: Science 153:1544-1546, '66). However, not all of visual cortex or all of the superior colliculus needs to be involved in this circuit. It is the deep rather than the superficial laminae of the superior colliculus that are primarily involved in visual attentive and orientation behaviors, and these laminae are largely independent of primary visual cortex. However, they do depend on corticotectal influences from a comparatively small extraprimary visual area of the posterior region of the lateral suprasylvian cortex (PSSC-Ogasawara et al: J. Neurophysiol. 52:1226-1245, '84). The present experiments demonstrate that lesions only a few millimeters in diameter in this corticotectal zone of the PSSC can produce profound visual neglect. While damage to this area has little, if any, effect on superficial laminae visual activity, it produces a dramatic decrease in the visual activity of the deep laminae. These cats with PSSC lesions fail to orient to a visual stimulus that is introduced suddenly into the contralateral visual field, yet they respond on nearly 100% of the trials to this same stimulus when it is presented in the ipsilateral visual field. The lesion induced visual neglect produced by PSSC lesions is long-lasting but can be abruptly ameliorated by a midbrain lesion that primarily involves, or undercuts, the deep laminae of the contralateral superior colliculus. Thus, 1) visual neglect can be produced by depriving the deep laminae of the superior colliculus of visual inputs from the cortex, even when the principal visual cortical regions (17, 18, and 19) and their target structures are intact, and 2) visually guided behavior can be restored by eliminating afferents originating in, or passing through, the deep laminae of the contralateral superior colliculus. PMID- 3209737 TI - Identification of the blue-sensitive cones in the mammalian retina by anti-visual pigment antibody. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to visual pigments produced in our laboratory were applied to analyze the distribution of color-specific photoreceptor cells in the retina (photoreceptor mosaic). We demonstrated in two ways that the monoclonal antibody OS-2 specifically recognized the blue-sensitive cone cells in the mammalian retina. First, rabbit photoreceptors damaged selectively by intense blue light were recognized by OS-2 antibody. Second, OS-2-positive cones in the ground squirrel were those with thick inner segments, which is known to be characteristic of the blue-sensitive cones. In addition, the OS-2-positive cones in monkeys have a distribution and pattern characteristic of blue-sensitive cones in that species. In several other species (human, rabbit, cow, and pig), the OS-2 positive cones represent an appropriate minority of the population of photoreceptor cells. The visual pigment recognized by the OS-2 antibody had a relative molecular weight of 36,000, as shown by immunoblotting of 3 mammalian species. All other cones were recognized by another monoclonal antibody, COS-1, which is regarded as specific to middle-to-long-wavelength-sensitive photoreceptors. PMID- 3209738 TI - Quantitative study of granule and Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex of the rat. AB - The numerical densities of granule and Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex of the rat were determined by stereological methods. The density of Purkinje cells in our fixed material was 1,018 +/- 39 per mm2 (mean +/- s.e.m.) of Purkinje cell layer and that of granule cells 1.92 +/- 0.03 x 10(6) per microliter of granular layer. The total area of Purkinje cell layer was 332 mm2 and the volume of granular layer was 48 microliters. The rat cerebellum therefore contains 3.38 x 10(5) Purkinje cells and 9.2 x 10(7) granule cells, from which there are 274 granule cells for each Purkinje cell. The density of granule cells and the density of parallel fibers in the molecular layer observed in a companion study indicate that the average length of a parallel fiber is around 5 mm. PMID- 3209739 TI - Quantitative study of the Purkinje cell dendritic spines in the rat cerebellum. AB - The number of spines on an individual Purkinje cell in the cerebellar cortex of the rat was determined by stereological methods. Investigations were based on thin section electron micrographs, freeze fracture replicas, and horseradish peroxidase labeled cells. Purkinje cell dendritic spines in our embedded material had a mean length of 1.4 +/- 0.05 micron and mean neck and head diameters of 0.22 +/- 0.01 micron and 0.45 +/- 0.02 micron, respectively. From these dimensions, an estimate of spine volume in embedded material of 0.132 micron 3 was obtained. The density of dendritic spines in our fixed material was 8.15 x 10(8) or 7.24 x 10(8) per microliters of molecular layer from volume fraction and density per mm2, respectively. The number of spines per linear micron of Purkinje cell spiny branchlet was 17.2 from freeze fracture and 17.6 from horseradish peroxidase labeled dendrites. These all indicate that there are between 154,000 and 175,000 spines on the dendritic tree of each Purkinje cell, considerably more than previously reported for the rat. PMID- 3209740 TI - Number of parallel fiber synapses on an individual Purkinje cell in the cerebellum of the rat. AB - In the present study, stereological techniques applied to electron micrographs of the molecular layer of the rat cerebellum have been used to estimate the number of parallel fiber synapses on the dendritic tree of a single Purkinje cell. Quantitative features of the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell dendritic spine synapses and of the parallel fibers were investigated as a preliminary to estimating the number of synapses. Parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses are flattened disclike structures with a mean axial ratio of 14.7 and a mean diameter of 319 microns in fixed tissue. The density of synapses in our fixed material was 8.17 x 10(8) per microliters of molecular layer. Determination of the length density of the synapses per unit area of micrograph indicated a synapse density of 8.03 x 10(8) per microliters. These densities give a total number of synapses per Purkinje cell of 1.74 x 10(5) and 1.71 x 10(5), respectively. Estimation of the number of parallel fiber varicosities and of varicosity length gave a density of 9.31 x 10(8) varicosities per microliters of molecular layer and determining the mean number of parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses per varicosity gave a synapse density of 9.82 x 10(8) per microliters, equivalent to 2.09 x 10(5) per Purkinje cell. The reasons why this estimate is likely to be too high are discussed. We conclude that there are some 175,000 parallel fiber synapses on an individual Purkinje cell dendritic tree in the cerebellar cortex of the rat, considerably more than previously reported. PMID- 3209741 TI - Autoradiographic localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain of the zebra finch (Poephila guttata). AB - We have localized nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the zebra finch brain by using three 125I-labelled ligands: alpha bungarotoxin and two monoclonal antibodies to neuronal nicotinic receptors (MAb 35 of Tzardos et al., J. Biol. Chem., 250: 8635-8645, '81; and MAb 270 of Whiting and Lindstrom: J. Neurosci. 6: 3061-3069, '86). Unfixed brains from intact adult male and female zebra finches were prepared for in vitro autoradiography. Low-resolution film autoradiograms and high-resolution emulsion autoradiograms were prepared for each of the three ligands. The major brain structures that bind all three of the ligands are hippocampus; hyperstriatum dorsalis; hyperstriatum ventralis; nucleus lentiformis mesencephali; nucleus pretectalis, some layers of the optic tectum; nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis; pars dorsalis; locus ceruleus; and all cranial motor nuclei except nucleus nervi hypoglossi. The major structures labelled only by [125I]-alpha bungarotoxin binding included hyperstriatum accessorium and the nuclei: preopticus medialis, medialis hypothalami posterioris, semilunaris, olivarius inferior, and the periventricular organ. Of the song control nuclei, nucleus magnocellularis of the anterior neostriatum; hyperstriatum ventralis, pars caudalis; nucleus intercollicularis; and nucleus hypoglossus were labelled. The binding patterns of the two antibodies were similar to one another but not identical. Both labelled nucleus spiriformis lateralis and nucleus geniculatus lateralis, pars ventralis especially heavily and also labelled the nucleus habenula medialis; nucleus subpretectalis; nucleus isthmi, pars magnocellularis; nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis; nucleus reticularis lateralis; nucleus tractus solitarii; nucleus vestibularis dorsolateralis; nucleus vestibularis lateralis; nucleus descendens nervi trigemini; and the deep cerebellar nuclei. Lobus parolfactorius and nucleus vestibularis medialis were labelled by only MAb 270, whereas only MAb 35 labelled nucleus laminaris and the medial and lateral pontine nuclei. These data extend previous reports of cholinergic participation in the song system (Ryan and Arnold: J. Comp. Neurol. 202: 211-219, '81) to suggest that the zebra finch song system may contain several closely related nicotinic receptors. In several brain nuclei it appeared that certain anatomical portions of a nucleus or a certain class of neurons were specifically labelled. Furthermore, in certain cases, the labelling appeared to be clustered around Nissl-stained cell nuclei, thus suggesting that the receptors are concentrated on or in somata. PMID- 3209742 TI - Synaptic organization of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers in primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey. AB - The macaque neocortex is very densely innervated by serotonin-containing fibers. The highest density of these fibers is in primary sensory regions such as the primary visual cortex. By using an antibody against serotonin, we analyzed the distribution and morphology of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers and synapses in the primary visual cortex of the adult cynomolgus monkey. In addition, we quantified the laminar distribution of labeled varicosities and the distances between varicosities in single fibers. While serotonin-immunoreactive fibers are found in all cortical layers, at least three bands of heightened density of innervation were readily recognized that were coincident with 1) layer IIIB to IVC alpha, 2) layer VA, and 3) layer VIB. Layer IVC alpha of area 17 contained more varicosities per unit area than any other sublayer. There was a high degree of variability in the intervaricosity distances along single fibers; more than half were longer than 10 microns. At the electron microscopic level, synaptic contacts were also observed throughout the entire thickness of area 17, with the highest frequency in layer IV. The labeled varicosities were packed with electron lucent synaptic vesicles and formed synaptic complexes with small, but conspicuous, post-synaptic densities. Dendritic shafts were the most common postsynaptic target of the labeled synapses. Among these characteristically slender post-synaptic shafts, profiles with structural features of both spiny and smooth dendrites were observed. The small diameter of most of the postsynaptic dendrites indicated that distal dendrites were preferentially contacted by serotonin-immunoreactive varicosities. Although direct identification of the postsynaptic neurons will be required for complete characterization of this circuitry, the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive varicosities suggests that serotoninergic interactions in the primary visual cortex of the cynomolgus monkey are directed predominantly at the distal dendrites of granular and infragranular neurons rather than at targets in the supragranular layers. PMID- 3209744 TI - Effects of increasing ploidy on the lumbar lateral motor column and hindlimb of newly metamorphosed Xenopus laevis: a comparison of diploid and triploid siblings. AB - This study was undertaken to determine how increasing ploidy in Xenopus laevis affected the size of the lumbar lateral motor column (L-LMC) motoneuron population, the size of representative hindlimb muscles, and the relationship between these features in animals at the completion of metamorphosis. Triploids were produced by exposing fertilized diploid eggs to increased hydrostatic pressure. In the triploids, L-LMC motoneuron number was significantly reduced and motoneuron nuclear cross-sectional area was significantly increased. Both L-LMC length and the total L-LMC size (neuron number x mean nuclear size) were roughly equal in diploids and triploids. No ploidy-related differences in fiber number were observed in two representative thigh muscles. In diploid animals, motoneuron number is significantly correlated with both muscle fiber number and with body size. The latter two variables are also significantly correlated with one another, making it possible that a feature related to muscle fiber number or one related to body size or both are significant in determining motoneuron number. In triploid animals, motoneuron number was significantly correlated with body size but not with muscle fiber number. This suggests that the feature significant in determining motoneuron number may be one related to body size rather than to muscle fiber number. If a feature related to muscle fiber number were the primary determinant of motoneuron number, one would have expected in addition similar average changes in the two variables in comparing diploids and triploids. That this was not observed provides further reason to suspect muscle fiber numbers may not be a primary determinant of motoneuron number. In both diploids and triploids, total L-LMC size (a value combining neuron number and neuron size) was highly correlated with body size, but again, not with muscle fiber number. The average total L-LMC size and the average body size were equal in diploids and triploids while average motoneuron number was significantly different. What this suggests is that in discussing possible mechanisms to account for correspondences between central and peripheral sizes, the relevant variable for the former may be total L-LMC size rather than motoneuron number. PMID- 3209743 TI - Projections of submucosal neurons to the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig intestine: in vitro tracing of microcircuits by retrograde and anterograde transport. AB - The enteric nervous system (ENS) can mediate reflex activity without input from the brain or spinal cord. The ENS thus contains intrinsic primary afferent neurons that link mucosal sensory receptors with motor neurons in the myenteric plexus. The intrinsic primary afferent neurons of the gut have not yet been identified. Although the submucosal plexus is known to innervate the mucosa, where enteric sensory receptors are located, no submucosal to myenteric projections have previously been found. In order to determine whether such projections exist, the submucosal plexus was examined following the microinjection of a retrograde tracer (Fluoro-Gold or 4-acetoamido, 4' isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid [SITS]) into single myenteric ganglia. In addition, the myenteric plexus was studied following the iontophoretic injection of an anterograde tracer (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin; [PHA-L]) into single submucosal ganglia. Ganglia were visualized by use of differential interference contrast optics and were injected from the beveled tip of a glass micropipette; 2.5-3.0 hours were allotted for retrograde and 20-24 hours (under culture conditions) for anterograde transport. In the myenteric plexus, a small number of the neurons of each injected ganglion were fluorescent and additional neurons in distant myenteric ganglia (predominantly orad) were also retrogradely labeled. About five to six submucosal neurons deep to but not directly underneath the injected myenteric ganglion were labeled by Fluoro-Gold or SITS and only rarely was there more than one labeled neuron in a submucosal ganglion. When control injections of Fluoro-Gold were placed into the muscle instead of a ganglion, some myenteric neurons near the injection site became labeled indicating an innervation of the circular muscle by myenteric neurons; however, there was no labeling of neurons in the submucosal plexus. Similarly, if connections between the myenteric and submucosal plexuses were severed before injecting Fluoro-Gold, no submucosal neurons were labeled. Following injection of PHA-L into a single submucosal ganglion, small-diameter axons were labeled in approximately 2 myenteric ganglia as well as in several distant submucosal ganglia (mainly anal and circumferential to the injection site). Additional labeled fibers traveled with blood vessels or surrounded mucosal crypts. It is concluded that submucosal neurons project to the myenteric plexus as well as to the mucosa and to one another. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that at least some intrinsic enteric primary afferent neurons reside in the submucosal plexus. PMID- 3209745 TI - Binding pattern of alpha-bungarotoxin on horizontal cells of a marine teleost retina. AB - A conjugate of alpha-bungarotoxin and a fluorescent marker (fluorescein isothiocyanate) has been used to localize "nicotinic" acetylcholine receptors on neurons in the outer plexiform layer of marine teleost retina. Toxin binding was confined to bipolar cell dendrites and to intermediate horizontal cells. The arrangement of labeled horizontal cells appears irregular in the whole retina, with a peak density in the ventral and dorsal quandrants. Alpha-bungarotoxin receptors on horizontal cells differ from those on bipolar cells and from those on dendrites in the inner plexiform layer in their sensitivity to agonists and antagonists such as d-tubocurarine and nicotine. They constitute a different type of "nicotinic" receptor that probably has a different function. PMID- 3209746 TI - Time course of neocortical graft innervation by AChE-positive fibers. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing axons are the only extrinsic fibers projecting to the adult cortex that readily innervate embryonic cortical grafts up to normal densities without prior manipulation of the host brain. In the present paper we compare the time course of AChE-positive fiber innervation in the normal mouse cortex with that seen in neocortical grafts by using AChE histochemistry as a marker for presumed cholinergic fibers. Donor tissue was taken at two different stages of gestation; before (embryonic days 12-14, or E12 14) and after (E17-19) the cortical plate is formed. Three features are analyzed: 1) the distribution and density of AChE-containing fibers, 2) the presence of AChE-positive cells, and 3) the distribution of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) positive elements. The modification of Koelle's method used for AChE localization showed AChE-positive fibers in developing parietal neocortex as early as E18-19. The distribution of AChE-labeled fibers in the normal cortex achieves the mature pattern by the end of the third postnatal week. The rate of innervation of transplants takes longer and depends on the age of the donor tissue. Tissue from both donor ages first showed AChE-positive fibers crossing the host-transplant interface by 7 days postsurgery. E17-19 tissue approaches the density of AChE positive fibers in the normal adult cortex by 15 weeks after grafting, whereas the E12-14 donor tissue does not approach normal innervation densities until after 20 weeks. While the degree of innervation in the E12-14 donor tissue never equalled the surrounding adult cortex within our range of survival times, a few of the E17-19 transplants did develop densities equal to that of the host cortex. AChE-positive cells are first detectable in the normal parietal cortex on the day of birth, peak by the end of the first postnatal week, and then decline in number to the low levels of the mature cortex after the second postnatal week. Grafted cells in E12-14 tissue stain lightly for AChE by 7 days postsurgery, achieve maximal densities by 3 weeks, and become markedly reduced in number and density by 10 weeks. Cells in E17-19 tissue are lightly reactive by 7 days postsurgery, reach maximal numbers by 2 weeks postsurgery, and become similar in number and density to those seen in the mature cortex after 4 weeks. The appearance of BuChE reactive blood vessels, neurons, and glia in both normal development and in the transplants is described and discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3209747 TI - Cortical organization after treatment of a peripheral nerve with ricin: an evaluation of the relationship between sensory neuron death and cortical adjustments after nerve injury. AB - The present study was designed to assess whether cortical changes after peripheral nerve damage are related to the degree of death of primary sensory neurons in the damaged nerve. The cytotoxin ricin was injected into the sciatic nerves of adult rats to kill primary sensory neurons with axons through the injection site. Following periods of 6-101 days, the S-I hindpaw map was evaluated with neurophysiological techniques and compared with the hindpaw maps of previously studied normal adult rats and adult rats that had undergone adult or neonatal sciatic section at a comparable level of the nerve. These comparisons allowed evaluation of cortical functional organization following different degrees of sensory neuron loss after sciatic nerve injury. There were three main results. 1) The comparison of ricin-treated and normal adult rats indicated that ricin treatment interrupted inputs from the sciatic skin territory on the hindpaw and caused a limited increase in the size of the cortical area that was activated by stimulation of hindpaw skin innervated by the remaining saphenous nerve. 2) The cortical maps of rats that had undergone adult ricin treatment (relatively large primary neuron loss) or section during adulthood (small to moderate primary neuron loss) were similar. In both groups, only the saphenous hindpaw skin was represented in cortex, and the cortical area that was activated by stimulation of the saphenous hindpaw skin had undergone a comparable limited enlargement. 3) The comparison of ricin-treated adult rats (relatively large primary neuron loss) and adult rats that had undergone neonatal section (relatively large primary neuron loss) indicated that cortical organization differed after these treatments. In particular, after ricin treatment the cortical area that was activated by stimulation of the saphenous hindpaw skin was larger than the comparable area in neonatal denervates, and the topographical progressions between the hindpaw and adjacent body representations were not as variable as after neonatal section. These findings indicate that cortical maps are altered after injection of ricin into a nerve. The similarity in cortical organization after ricin treatment (relatively large sensory neuron loss) and nerve section in adults (relatively small sensory neuron loss) and the differences in cortical organization after ricin treatment and nerve section in neonates (both relatively large sensory neuron loss) indicate cortical changes do not covary as a simple function of the degree of peripheral neuron death. PMID- 3209748 TI - Projections of the dorsal and lateral terminal accessory optic nuclei and of the interstitial nucleus of the superior fasciculus (posterior fibers) in the rabbit and rat. AB - The projections of the dorsal and lateral terminal accessory optic nuclei (DTN and LTN) and of the dorsal and ventral components of the interstitial nucleus of the superior fasciculus (posterior fibers; inSFp have been studied in the rabbit and rat by the method of retrograde axonal transport following injections of horseradish peroxidase into oculomotor-related brainstem nuclei. The projections of the ventral division of the inSFp have been further investigated in rabbits with the anterograde axonal transport of 3H-leucine. The data show that the projections of the DTN, LTN, and inSFp are remarkably similar in rabbit and rat. The DTN projects heavily to the ipsilateral medial terminal accessory optic nucleus (MTN), nucleus of the optic tract, and dorsal cap of the inferior olive. The DTN projects sparsely to the ipsilateral visual tegmental relay zone and to the contralateral superior and lateral vestibular nuclei. The LTN and dorsal component of the inSFp are found to share the same basic connections; both project heavily to the ipsilateral nucleus of the optic tract and visual tegmental relay zone and send a moderately sized projection to the ipsilateral MTN. However, while the dorsal component of the inSFp sends significant ipsilateral projections to both rostral and caudal portions of the dorsal cap, only a few LTN neurons appear to follow this example and only by projecting to the rostral part of the dorsal cap. In addition, both the LTN and dorsal component of the inSFp send sparse contralateral projections to the MTN, nucleus of the optic tract, and visual tegmental relay zone; and the dorsal component of the inSFp also provides a sparse contralateral projection to both rostral and caudal portions of the dorsal cap. The ventral component of the inSFp projects heavily to the ipsilateral visual tegmental relay zone and moderately to the ipsilateral MTN and nucleus of the optic tract. The ventral inSFp projects sparsely to the contralateral MTN, the nucleus of the optic tract, and the visual tegmental relay zone. A few of its neurons target the ipsilateral dorsal cap of the inferior olive. Unlike the DTN (present study) and the MTN (Giolli et al.: J. Comp. Neurol. 227:228-251, '84; J. Comp. Neurol. 232:99-116, '85a), the LTN and the inSFp of the rabbit and rat lack projections to the superior and lateral vestibular nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3209749 TI - Postnatal development of cat hind limb motoneurons. III: Changes in size of motoneurons supplying the triceps surae muscle. AB - The postnatal changes of neuronal dimensions were studied in cat triceps surae motoneurons intracellularly labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Systematic correlations were observed in the analysis of single dendrites at each studied stage, from birth to 44-46 days post natum (d.p.n.) age, between size parameters intrinsic to the dendrites as the diameter of a 1st-order dendrite, the combined dendritic length, the dendritic membrane area, and the degree of branching. Some variability among samples was evident in each studied age group. The correlations were, however, sufficiently close to permit indirect estimations of both combined dendritic length and dendritic membrane area for larger samples of neurons from data on dendritic stem caliber. The total postnatal increase in dendritic membrane area was, on the average, 400%, i.e., from close to 100 X 10(3) microns2 to about 500 X 10(3) microns2. The corresponding increase in soma area amounted to 100%. Analysis revealed that there was a time lag between the increase in somatic and dendritic size. Thus, adult somatic dimensions were attained at age 44-46 d.p.n.; however, at this stage, the mean total dendritic membrane area was only about half of the adult value. The postnatal increase in size appeared to vary among neurons, yielding a wider neuronal size spectrum in the adult cat than that observed in kittens. The measured increase in size corresponded to a calculated average addition of dendritic membrane area of 3700 microns2/day from birth to 22-24 d.p.n. and from that stage to 44-46 d.p.n. of 2700 microns2 per day. Likewise, the increase in combined dendritic length could initially be as large as 1 mm/day down to 0.4 mm/day between 22-24 and 44-46 d.p.n., with a mean growth during the first 44-46 d.p.n. of 0.5 to 0.6 mm/day. The ratios of daughters to parent branch diameters (sigmadd1.5: dp1.5) and the dendritic trunk parameter (sigma d1.5) recorded along the proximodistal dendritic path distance revealed transient changes that might impact on the electrotonic properties of the dendrites during postnatal development. Computations from the measured changes in dendritic branch lengths and calibers indicated that if membrane and internal resistivity remain unaltered during postnatal development, the dendritic domain is electrotonically more compact in the newborn kitten than in the adult cat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3209750 TI - Distribution of glutamate-decarboxylase-immunoreactive neurons and synapses in the rat and monkey hippocampus: light and electron microscopy. AB - We have studied the distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons, axons, and synapses in the rat and monkey hippocampal formation by using glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) immunocytochemistry together with Nissl stains, electron microscopy, and double-labeled retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The numbers of GAD-containing (putative GABA) neurons and their percentages compared to all Nissl-stained neurons were calculated throughout all the various fields and strata of the mammalian hippocampus. Although their numbers are greatest in the polymorph region of the fascia dentata (FD) and in the principal cell layers stratum pyramidale (SP) and stratum granulosum (SG), GAD immunoreactive (GAD-IR) cells are numerous in other strata that contain mostly dendrites and scattered cells. These GAD-IR (putative GABA) neurons in dendritic regions may be involved in feedforward dendritic inhibition or may directly inhibit nearby neurons. We used a postmortem delay technique, which resulted in apparent diffusion of GAD into dendrites and axons and allowed better visualization of the extensive dendritic domain of GAD-IR neurons. Computerized image analysis of GAD-IR puncta indicated that putative GABA terminals were numerous on apical and basilar dendrites of all pyramidal cells but unexpectedly highest in the monkey presubiculum. In the rat, GAD-IR neurons projected axons ipsilaterally from every region to the fascia dentata and CA1; however, commissural GAD-IR axons to the fascia dentata arose from GAD-IR neurons in only the contralateral fascia dentata and subiculum. Electron microscopy of GAD stained hippocampus identified GAD-IR neurons with non-GAD-IR (possibly excitatory) synapses and GAD-IR terminals on somata and dendrites, 80% being the symmetric type and 20% the asymmetric type. In contrast, non-GAD-IR terminals were asymmetric 80% of the time. PMID- 3209751 TI - Cell death in suboptic necrotic centers of chick embryo diencephalon and their topographic relationship with the earliest optic fiber fascicles. AB - The structural features of suboptic necrotic centers (SONCs) in the floor of the chick embryo diencephalon were studied. These necrotic areas were observed lateral to the prospective zone of the optic chiasm through developmental stages 14 to 24. The relationship between SONCs and the earliest optic fiber fascicles also was studied in an attempt to determine the possible significance of these cell death areas in the mechanism of optic pathway development. In SONCs, healthy neuroepithelial cells contain primary lysosomes and phagocytose fragments of dead cells. Discrete regions within the cytoplasm of some cells show electron transparent vacuoles in contact with dense contents of ruptured lytic bodies. The cytoplasm of dying cells and dead cell fragments are notably electron dense, with numerous secondary lysosomes and electron-transparent vacuoles. These observations are interpreted on the assumption that after autophagic processes, condensation and fragmentation take place in dying cells of the SONCs. In the ventricular lumen adjacent to the SONCs, numerous more or less spherical bodies are observed that appear to be shed from the tip of the cells constituting the SONCs. Three different types of intraventricular bodies can be distinguished: loose, moderately dense, and highly dense. The first type appears to originate from apical portions of cells that undergo autolytic processes. Moderately dense fragments are interpreted as originating from dying cells in which the cytoplasm is undergoing condensation. Finally, highly dense intraventricular bodies appear to be fragments of dead cells that are shed into the ventricular lumen. SONCs separate the prospective area of the optic chiasm from lateral regions of the diencephalic floor. Extracellular spaces are poorly developed within the wall of the SONCs, whereas the neuroepithelium of the presumptive optic chiasm and regions located rostral and caudal to SONCs show abundant and extensive extracellular spaces. These are bounded by long marginal processes of neuroepithelial cells. Sagittal sections of embryonic heads at stages 22-24 reveal optic fiber fascicles penetrating the SONCs asymmetrically, as they are found only in its caudal half. These observations suggest that the SONCs function as doorways made of compact neuroepithelium, to be traversed by the earliest optic fibers before they reach the middle zone of the floor of the diencephalon through which they travel to the contralateral optic tract within large extracellular spaces. PMID- 3209752 TI - Anatomy of glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactive neurons and axons in the rat medial geniculate body. AB - This is a study of the form, density, and distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunoreactive neurons and puncta (axon terminals) in the adult rat medial geniculate complex. GAD-positive elements were stained by either the peroxidase-antiperoxidase or avidin-biotin procedures. Thalamic architectonic subdivisions were defined independently in Golgi, Nissl, plastic-embedded semi thin, and fiber-stained preparations, and from investigations of medial geniculate connectivity. GAD-positive neurons represent only approximately 1% of medial geniculate neurons. They occur in the three major medial geniculate subdivisions (ventral, dorsal, and medial). There is variability between subdivisions in the form and number of such neurons, and among the puncta. In the ventral division, immunopositive somata may have sparsely branched dendrites as long as 300-400 microns and capped with varicose expansions or bouton-like sprays of appendages. These closely appose the somata or primary dendrites of other cells; the axons of these GAD-positive neurons are also immunostained. In the dorsal division there are fewer GAD-positive neurons and their structure is different. Their dendrites are rarely immunoreactive for more than 100-150 microns; nor can their immunostained axons be traced very far. In the medial division the number of GAD-positive neurons, considering the relatively small size of this division, was high. These neurons rarely have immunostained dendrites, and more than one type of neuron is immunoreactive. The average somatic diameter of GAD-positive neurons is about 60% of that of non immunostained cells in semi-thin material; however, the range of somatic area and the dendritic variability of these neurons suggest that cells representing more than one population are immunopositive and include all but the largest neurons. The puncta also show regional differences. Small (0.5-2 microns in diameter), medium (2-3 microns), or large (greater than 3 microns) puncta occur. In the ventral division, the predominantly medium-sized puncta are about four times as numerous on a unit/area basis than in the dorsal division, where they are far smaller and more delicate; medial division puncta are as numerous as those in the ventral division, but are much larger and coarser, and may form perisomatic arrangements. Controls were devoid of specific immunostaining.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3209753 TI - Postnatal development of cat hind limb motoneurons. I: Changes in length, branching structure, and spatial distribution of dendrites of cat triceps surae motoneurons. AB - The postnatal development of length, branching structure, and spatial distribution of dendrites of triceps surae motoneurons, intracellularly stained with horseradish peroxidase, was studied from birth up to 44-46 days of postnatal (d.p.n.) age in kittens and compared with corresponding data from adult cats. The number of dendrites of a triceps surae motoneuron was about 12, and the arborization of each dendrite generated an average of 12-15 terminal branches. There was no net change in the number of dendrites of a neuron or in the degree of branching of the dendrites despite the occurrence of both a transient remodeling of the dendritic branching structure and changes of the spatial distribution of the dendritic branches during postnatal development. The perisomatic territory in the transverse plane occupied by the dendritic branches of a motoneuron increased in parallel with the overall growth of the spinal cord. Thus, the relative size of the dendritic territory in this plane was kept almost constant, whereas dendritic branches projecting in the rostrocaudal direction grew much faster than the spinal cord and also became more numerous. At birth the rostro-caudal dendritic span of individual motoneurons bridged 1:6 to 1:5 of the L7 spinal cord segment length; this figure was 1:3 at 22-24 d.p.n. Hence, in this direction, the growing dendritic branches invaded novel dendritic territories. The change in dendritic branch length from birth to 6 weeks of age corresponded to an average growth rate of 2 to 4 microns per dendritic branch and day, which implies that the total increase in length of the dendrites of a neuron could amount to 1 mm/day. The increase in branch length did not occur in a uniform or random manner; instead, it followed a spatiotemporal pattern with three phases: From birth to 22-24 d.p.n., growth was particularly prominent in greater than or equal to 3rd order preterminal and 2nd through 6th order terminal branches. From 22-24 to 44-46 d.p.n., a large increase in branch length confined to terminal branches of greater than or equal to 3rd branch orders was observed. As indicated by topological analysis, this length increase was probably due in part to a resorption of peripheral dendritic branches during this stage of development. From 44-46 d.p.n. to maturity, the increase of dendritic branch length was restricted to preterminal branches of low (less than or equal to 4th) branch order.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3209754 TI - Postnatal development of cat hind limb motoneurons. II: In vivo morphology of dendritic growth cones and the maturation of dendrite morphology. AB - The maturation of dendrite morphology was studied by light and electron microscopy in cat spinal alpha-motoneurons intracellularly labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Alpha-motoneurons supplying the triceps surae (TS) and the intrinsic foot sole (SP) muscles were investigated in kittens from birth to 44-46 days of postnatal (d.p.n.) age. At birth, a large number of dendritic branches displayed growth cones, filopodia, and fusiform processes. The growth cones were of lamellipodial and filopodial types, but intermediate forms also occurred. The growth cones shared several morphological features with the neuritic growth cones studied in vitro. It was suggested that the occurrence of different types of growth cones--even in the same dendrite--may reflect their transformation from one type to the other and the level of growth activity could be inferred from the number and form of the growth cones. About 50-70% of the terminal branches in the dendrites of newborn kittens possessed growth cones, filopodia, and/or fusiform processes. The corresponding figure for preterminal branches was 20-30%, with a clear decrease in incidence when approaching the soma. During the period under study, most of these growth-associated processes disappeared from the dendrites so that at 44-46 d.p.n. of age only about 10% of the terminal and less than 1% of the preterminal branches had growth-associated processes. Analysis of the three-dimensional distribution of dendritic branches with such processes disclosed that they were relatively more frequent in the medial, rostral, and caudal dendritic territories. It was concluded that the pattern of distribution and disappearance of growth cones, filopodia, and fusiform processes coincided with postnatal longitudinal dendritic growth and the development of the adult dendritic territories described in a preceding paper (Ulfhake et al., '88). Dendritic growth, with respect to length and caliber, also occurred in the absence of growth cones and filopodia. It is suggested that the important role of these processes may be to act as a steering device in establishing the adult distribution and synaptology of the dendrites. Comparison of TS and SP alpha-motoneuron dendrite morphology at birth and at 22-24 d.p.n. age showed that the SP neurons lagged in the maturation process. Light and electron microscopic observations indicated that postnatally direct contacts might exist between dendrites and fine blood vessels in the neuropil without any interposing glial sheath. The number of such suspected contacts diminished during the period under study, indicating that the glial ensheathment of the blood vessel takes place, in part, postnatally. PMID- 3209755 TI - Polycystic disease of the kidney in related mink. AB - Polycystic kidneys in young related mink kits were seen on a mink farm in 1983 (4 kits) and 1984 (6 kits). The kits showed retarded growth and locomotor abnormalities leading to death in the 1983 kits at the age of 4 months. The renal cysts involved the collecting tubules; there was vacuolization and focal hyperplasia of the epithelium. Other organs were normal. The data available for the condition in mink are insufficient as yet to explain the mode of inheritance. PMID- 3209756 TI - Pericardial haemangiosarcoma in a horse. AB - A primary pericardial haemangiosarcoma with metastasis to the parietal pleura and left adrenal gland is described in a 22-year-old Clydesdale x Percheron gelding. Although haemangiosarcomas have been reported in horses, the pericardium has not hitherto been described as the primary site of origin. PMID- 3209757 TI - Spontaneous rhabdomyosarcoma in a rhesus monkey. AB - In an adult male rhesus monkey, a large pelvic mass causing lysis of the ilium and destruction of pelvic musculature was diagnosed as a spontaneous rhabdomyosarcoma by the use of histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical techniques. PMID- 3209758 TI - Lipid layers in dermal vesicles of sheep scab. AB - Surveys of vertical frozen skin sections from lesions of sheep inoculated with Psoroptes ovis revealed new aspects of scab histopathology, particularly lipid layers adherent to epidermis forming beneath dermal vesicles. PMID- 3209759 TI - Mesothelioma in the tunica vaginalis of a bull. AB - Bilateral mesothelioma in the tunica vaginalis of an 18-month-old bull is described. Differentiation from adenocarcinoma was based on ultrastructural features, particularly on the morphology of the microvilli and the presence of microfilaments. The aetiology of this neoplasm in the tunica vaginalis is not known. PMID- 3209760 TI - Angioendotheliomatosis: two separate diseases. PMID- 3209762 TI - Cutaneous IgA subclasses in dermatitis herpetiformis and linear IgA disease. AB - The subclasses of the cutaneous IgA were studied in 8 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and 4 with linear IgA disease. The cutaneous IgA in dermatitis herpetiformis consisted of both IgA1 and IgA2, although IgA1 predominated. This demonstrated that the IgA is polyclonal and may be both mucosal and blood derived. The IgA in linear IgA disease was exclusively IgA1, confirming previous work, and suggesting that mucosal IgA may not make a major contribution to the skin deposits. PMID- 3209761 TI - Reactive and malignant "angioendotheliomatosis": a discriminant clinicopathological study. AB - In order to determine whether or not phenotypic differences existed between reactive angioendotheliomatosis (RAE) and malignant angioendotheliomatosis (MAE), we studied the histological and immunohistochemical features of 4 and 8 cases of these lesions, respectively. Antibodies to leukocyte common antigen (LCA), specialized B- and T-lymphocytic determinants, Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAG), blood group isoantigens A, B, and H (BGI), epithelial antigens, vimentin, and actin; and Ulex europaeus I lectin (UEL) were utilized. Cutaneous lesions in all cases of MAE were part of a disseminated, fatal, intravascular cellular proliferation, with highly atypical cytological features. Because one of the patients in this group had cardiac valvular vegetations at autopsy, this case had been reported previously as representative of RAE. However, the latter example, as well as all others of MAE, stained strongly for LCA, B-cell antigens, and vimentin in tumor cells. FVIIIRAG was seen focally in 6 cases, in cells entrapped in platelet-fibrin thrombi; however, UEL binding and reactivity for BGI were uniformly absent. Conversely, RAE was typified by a cytologically-bland intravascular proliferation, with actin-positive, perivascular, pericytic cuffs. All 4 patients in this group had cutaneous involvement only, and the lesions tended to be self-resolving. One had pulmonary tuberculosis, but evidence for an underlying infection was absent in the remainder of RAE cases. Immunohistologically, RAE displayed universal reactivity for FVIII-RAG, BGI, UEL, and vimentin, and negativity for LCA in intravascular cells. Neither MAE nor RAE showed the presence of epithelial determinants. These data indicate that MAE and RAE are clinicopathologically distinct entities, showing lymphoid and endothelial features, respectively. Because of the phenotypic properties of the former condition, it would appear advisable to substitute the term "intravascular lymphomatosis" for "malignant angioendotheliomatosis". PMID- 3209763 TI - Dysplastic nevi: a histopathological investigation. PMID- 3209764 TI - Epidermal and follicular calciphylaxis. AB - A patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure developed epidermal and follicular calcification without concomitant dermal calcification in the lesions of toxic epidermal necrolysis. We propose that the combination of keratinocyte necrosis and an elevated serum calcium-phosphorus product resulted in epidermal calciphylaxis. PMID- 3209766 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 26th annual meeting of the American Society of Dermatopathology. Washington, D.C., USA, November 30-December 2, 1988. PMID- 3209765 TI - Progressive macular hypomelanosis of the trunk: primary acquired hypopigmentation. AB - Dermatological practice in Martinique frequently encounters a bizarre skin condition presenting as a progressive and extensive hypomelanosis on the back. The course of this disorder is highly characteristic: it occurs mainly in females from 18-25 years of age, with a progressive development of round, pale, coalescent macules on the back and sometimes on the abdomen. This disease, which does not respond to therapy, spontaneously regresses within 3 to 4 years. Decreased epidermal melanin is the only histological feature. Ultrastructural examination of two cases found that the macular lesions were characterized by a switch from Stage IV single melanosomes (negroid) to small Type I-III aggregated melanosomes (caucasoid). It may thus be stated that the variation in skin coloration in these patients was due to a variation in melanosome size and distribution. PMID- 3209767 TI - Analysis of vocal tract parameters in parkinsonian speech. AB - A method for the analysis of vocal tract parameters is developed, aimed to perform quantitative analysis of rigidity from speech signals of Parkinsonian patients. The cross-sectional area function of the vocal tract is calculated using pitch synchronous autoregressive moving average (ARMA) analysis. The changes in Parkinsonian subjects of the cross-sectional area during the utterance of sustained sounds are attributed to both Parkinsonian tremor and rigidity. In order to isolate the effects of the rigidity on the vocal tract from those of the tremor, an adaptive tremor cancellation (ATC) algorithm is developed, based on the correlation of tremor signals extracted from different locations of the speech production system. PMID- 3209768 TI - Illusory continuity of interrupted speech: speech rate determines durational limits. AB - Deleted segments of speech can be restored perceptually if they are replaced by a louder noise. An earlier study of this "phonemic restoration effect" found that, when recorded discourse was interrupted periodically by noise, the durational limit for illusory continuity corresponded to the average word duration. The present study employed a different passage of discourse recorded by a different speaker. Durational limits for apparent continuity of discourse interrupted by noise were measured at the normal (original) playback speed, as well as at rates that were 15% greater and 15% less. At the normal playback rate, once again the limit of continuity approximated the average word duration--but of especial interest was the finding that changes in playback rate produced proportional changes in continuity limits. These results, together with other evidence, suggest that phonemic restorations represent a special linguistic application of a general auditory mechanism (auditory induction) producing appropriate syntheses of obliterated sounds, and that for discourse the limits of illusory continuity correspond to a fixed amount of verbal information, and not a fixed temporal value. PMID- 3209769 TI - The development of skill in producing word-final English stops: kinematic parameters. AB - It was hypothesized that native English adults would be more skillful in producing word-final English /p/ and /b/ than native English children who, in turn, would be more skillful in doing so than adult native speakers of a language (Mandarin Chinese) that does not possess word-final stops. A video tracking system was used to monitor lip and jaw movements. The subjects in all three groups made vowels significantly longer before /b/ than /p/, but the effect seen for the English subjects was three times as large as the Chinese subjects' effect and depended less on differences in lip closing velocity for (b) and /p/. The English subjects also showed a difference in duration between /a/ and /i/ that was twice as large as the difference seen for the Chinese subjects. Of the three groups, only the English adults showed significantly greater displacement and peak movement velocity for the final stop consonant of /bap/ than /bab/. This suggested that their central phonetic representations specified a more forceful constriction of the lips for /p/ than /b/. The English adults seemed to compensate more effectively for a bite block in producing the final stops in /bip/ and /bib/. The results obtained for the English children were intermediate to those obtained for the English and Chinese adults, which is consistent with the hypothesized experience-based differences in level of skill. PMID- 3209770 TI - Patterns of interarticulator phasing and their relation to linguistic structure. AB - Work by Tuller and Kelso [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76, 1030-1036 (1984)] and Kelso et al. [J. Phon. 14, 29-59 (1986)] has demonstrated stable relations between jaw and lip movements in (bV#CVb) utterances across rate and stress conditions. Specifically, the onset of lip movement toward the intervocalic consonant was found to be constant with respect to the vowel-to-vowel jaw cycle in both time and relative phasing. An attempt was made to replicate and extend this work by investigating interarticulator phase relations for utterances having a broader range of linguistic organization: In addition to rate and stress, syllable structure (open versus closed syllables) and identity of the intervocalic consonant (/p/ vs /m/) were manipulated. Results showed that the upper lip's lowering onset varied systematically with respect to the jaw vowel cycle as a function of both rate and stress. In addition, syllable structure and consonant identity influenced the relation of lip and jaw gestures. There was a general tendency for any condition that shortened the first vowel to produce earlier onsets of the upper lip relative to the jaw. However, the within-condition jaw cycle duration variability did not correlate with the within-condition variability in phase. Thus it seems that stable interarticulator phase relations maintain not only the integrity of phonological structure, as suggested by Kelso et al., but structural integrity at other levels of linguistic organization as well. PMID- 3209771 TI - Acoustic analysis of compensatory articulation in children. AB - A study was undertaken to explore the effects of fixing the mandible with a bite block on the formant frequencies of the vowels [i a u] produced by two groups of children aged 4 and 5 and 7 and 8 years. Vowels produced in both normal and bite block conditions were submitted to LPC analysis with windows placed over the first glottal pulse and at the vowel midpoint. For both groups of children, no differences were found in the frequencies of either the first or second formant between the normal and bite-block conditions. Results are discussed in relation to theories of the acquisition of speech motor control. PMID- 3209772 TI - Comodulation masking release: evidence for multiple cues. AB - Signal detection was determined in conditions where the masker was a 10-Hz-wide noise band centered on the signal, and in conditions where either a comodulated or noncomodulated noise band (centered at 0.8 times the signal frequency) was also present. Signal frequencies of 500 or 2000 Hz were investigated. In one condition of the first experiment, the signal was exactly the same 10-Hz-wide noise band as the masker, added to the masker in phase. This condition was designed to limit the availability of cues based upon dip listening, suppression, beating, or across-frequency differences in noise envelope correlation, but to afford a cue based upon across-frequency envelope amplitude difference. The narrow-band noise signal resulted in approximately the same magnitude of comodulated masking release (CMR) as was found for a pure-tone signal. This result suggested that one important cue for CMR is an across-frequency difference in envelope amplitude. Stimulus conditions in the second experiment were intended to disrupt cues of across-frequency envelope amplitude difference, but to afford cues based upon across-frequency differences in noise envelope correlation. In this experiment, cues based upon envelope amplitude were impoverished by randomly varying the level of the flanking band from interval to interval, and by adjusting the level in the on-signal band to be the same in the nonsignal intervals as the level of noise plus signal in the signal interval. Again, substantial CMRs occurred, suggesting that another cue for CMR may be envelope pattern or correlation. The results of these experiments indicated that CMR is probably based upon more than one stimulus variable. PMID- 3209773 TI - Four channels mediate the mechanical aspects of touch. AB - Although previous physiological and anatomical experiments have identified four afferent fiber types (PC, RA, SA II, and SA I) in glabrous (nonhairy) skin of the human somatosensory periphery, only three have been shown to mediate tactile (mechanoreceptive) sensation. Psychophysical evidence that four channels (P, NP I, NP II, and NP III) do, indeed, participate in the perceptual process is presented. In a series of experiments involving selective masking of the various channels, modification of the skin-surface temperature, and testing cutaneous sensitivity down to very low-vibratory frequencies, the fourth psychophysical channel (NP III) is defined. Based on these experiments and previous work from our laboratory, it is concluded that the four channels work in conjunction at threshold to create an operating range for the perception of vibration that extends from at least 0.4 to greater than 500 Hz. Each of the four channels appears to mediate specific portions of the overall threshold-frequency characteristic. Selection of appropriate neural-response criteria from previously published physiological data and correlation of their derived frequency characteristics with the four psychophysical channels indicates that each channel has its own physiological substrate: P channel and PC fibers, NP I channel and RA fibers, NP II channel and SA II fibers, and NP III channel and SA I fibers. These channels partially overlap in their absolute sensitivities, making it likely that suprathreshold stimuli may activate two or more of the channels at the same time. Thus the perceptual qualities of touch may be determined by the combined inputs from four channels. PMID- 3209774 TI - The radiation impedance of the external ear of cat: measurements and applications. AB - The configuration of external ears varies dramatically among mammalian species. In order to relate these structural differences to acoustic performance, it is useful to determine the "output" (radiation) impedance of the external ear. Measurements were made of the radiation impedance ZE of the cat external ear looking out from the location of the tympanic membrane. Freshly excised external ears were coupled to a calibrated sound source at the tympanic ring, and the resulting sound pressure at the source was measured. The ZE calculated from these measurements is masslike at frequencies below 2 kHz and approximately resistive above 4 kHz. The contributions of anatomically distinct sections of the external ear to ZE were assessed by measuring the impedance before and after surgical removal of the pinna flange and of the concha. Mean measurements of the lengths and cross-sectional areas of components of the external ear are used in a simple model that consists of a uniform tube and an exponential horn; the radiation impedance of the model shows many of the features of the measured ZE's. Measurements of the input impedance of the middle ear are combined with ZE to infer the diffuse-field absorption cross section ADF, which is a measure of the ear's performance as a coupler of acoustic power. It is suggested that ADF is useful for across-species comparisons of the performance of external and middle ears. PMID- 3209775 TI - Effect of traffic noise on the cyclical nature of sleep. AB - Sleep changes from shallow to deep and back again in a cyclical manner with a period of around 90 min. The sleep of 12 subjects, each sleeping for 24 nights, was monitored by EEG. The results indicate that the cyclical nature may be somewhat disturbed by continuous free-flowing traffic noise, at a level of 60 dB, if, for instance, waking is always considered as the end of one cycle. However, if a cycle is judged from a bird's-eye view of the sleep record, then it appears that the average subject persists in his normal cycle and the effect of noise is negligible. But individual differences are great and may even be in opposite directions [G. J. Thiessen and A.C. Lapointe, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64, 1078-1080 (1978)], which may result in obscuring real effects when data are averaged over a number of individuals. Defining a "sleep cycle" is of importance in view of reports [M. Herbert and R.T. Wilkinson, Proc. of Congress on Biological Effects on Noise, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia (1973)] that the disturbance of the sleep rhythm has an effect on performance during the following day. PMID- 3209776 TI - A method to account for acoustic microstreaming when predicting bubble growth rates produced by rectified diffusion. AB - A reinterpretation of existing theory for rectified diffusion, the process by which bubbles in a sound field may grow in radius, is presented in order to quantitate the effect of acoustic microstreaming on bubble growth rates. The 1/t term in the growth rate equation is defined as the "decay term" and t as the "decay time," the time required for the gas concentration in the liquid contacting the bubble to rise (or fall) from its initial to its final value. In the absence of microstreaming, t is the duration of sonification. In the presence of microstreaming, t may be calculated from the streaming velocity and the bubble radius. A comparison between theory and the experimental results of Eller [A. Eller, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 46, 1246-1250 (1969)] and of Gould [R.K. Gould, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 1740-1746 (1974)] shows reasonable agreement in the low kHz range. Theoretical results in the frequency range of 1-10 MHz at 1 and 4 bar are also presented. PMID- 3209777 TI - Erratum: transient pulsations of small gas bubbles in water [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 985-998 (1988)] [corrected and republished]. AB - Transient behavior of small gas bubbles in a liquid set into violent motion by ultrasonic pressure waves is of interest because of widespread use of microsecond pulses in diagnostic ultrasound. Such pulses contain only a few pressure cycles and the transient pulsations of bubbles set in motion by such pulses would determine the bubble-ultrasound interaction. A computer study has been made to obtain a global representation of the pulsation amplitudes R (t) of small gas bubbles (nuclei) in water during the first few cycles of a cw ultrasonic pressure. One objective was to obtain a better understanding of cavitation phenomena where many nuclei with initial radii Rn from 0.1-20 microns are set in motion at pressures ranging from 0.5-5 bars and at frequencies from 0.5-10 MHz. Results allowed construction of surfaces showing the relative bubble amplitude R/Rn as a function of Rn and of the time t/TA, where TA is the acoustic period. One finding is that, in the range of peak pressures found in diagnostic pulses, transient cavities would be generated during the first pressure cycle from nuclei with initial radii as small as a few microns (micron). Nuclei that grow into transient cavities in the first pressure cycle are here called "prompt" nuclei. At a specified pressure, the size range of radii Rn in which they occur decreases with increasing frequency. At 5 bars, the range of Rn for prompt nuclei is 0.166 11.35 microns at 0.5 MHz and vanishes at 10 MHz. PMID- 3209778 TI - Detectability of words and nonwords in two kinds of noise. AB - Recent models of speech perception emphasize the possibility of interactions among different processing levels. There is evidence that the lexical status of an utterance (i.e., whether it is a meaningful word or not) may influence earlier stages of perceptual analysis. To test how far down such "top-down" influences might penetrate, an investigation was conducted to determine whether there is a difference in detectability of words and nonwords masked by amplitude-modulated or unmodulated broadband noise. The results were negative, suggesting either that the stages of perceptual analysis engaged in the detection task are impermeable to lexical top-down effects, or that the lexical level was not sufficiently activated to have any facilitative effect on perception. PMID- 3209779 TI - Tactile sensory changes in hands occupationally exposed to vibration. PMID- 3209780 TI - Effect of alpha tocopheryl succinate on adenylate cyclase activity in murine neuroblastoma cells in culture. AB - Alpha tocopheryl succinate treatment (6-8 micrograms/ml), which inhibited the growth of murine neuroblastoma (NBP2) cells (46 +/- 3%), reduced basal and prostaglandin (PG)E1- and PGA2-stimulated adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in vitro. It also inhibited sodium fluoride (NaF)- and forskolin-stimulated AC activity, suggesting that the effect of vitamin E succinate on AC activity is mediated via stimulatory GTP-binding protein (Gs) and catalytic subunit. Vitamin E succinate-induced reduction of AC activity is not strictly related to inhibition of cell growth. This is substantiated by the finding that, although retinoic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole reduced the growth by over 50%, they did not inhibit AC activity. On the other hand, 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2 imidazolidinone (R020-1724, 200 micrograms/ml), which inhibited growth (73 +/- 3%) and induced differentiation in NB cells, increased basal and PGE1-stimulated AC activity. Vitamin E succinate treatment also reduced PGE1- and PGA2-AC activity in murine fibroblasts (L-cells) without inhibiting growth. PMID- 3209782 TI - Growth and development in rats and deficiency of magnesium and pyridoxine. AB - Eight-eight female weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either 650 or 150 mg magnesium/kg diet and 7.0 or 3.5 mg pyridoxine-HCl/kg diet, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, during growth, gestation, and lactation. The objective of the study was to determine whether concurrent dietary deficiencies of magnesium and pyridoxine were synergistic, additive, or antagonistic with regards to effects on reproductive performance, growth, and development of offspring, and tissue content of magnesium and calcium. Body weight of dams and pups was not different between groups until day 9 of lactation, at which point those animals in either low magnesium group weighed less than the other. Litter size and birth weight were not different. Development, as measured by timing of unfolding of the external ear, opening of both eyes, and clinical emergence of incisors, was delayed in pups from litters in the low magnesium groups. A synergistic effect on delay of onset of ear unfolding by deficiency of both magnesium and pyridoxine was observed. Calcium content of heart and kidney from dams was increased in the low magnesium groups. Renal calcium was not further increased by the level of pyridoxine deficiency in this study. The calcium to magnesium ratio in heart from pups was higher in those from litters in the low magnesium and pyridoxine group than in the others. Results indicate that simultaneous deficiencies of magnesium and pyridoxine may impair function synergistically. Because these two nutrients are often reported to be presented in inadequate amounts in diets of women in their reproductive years, the potential exists for impaired reproductive success. PMID- 3209781 TI - The effect of maternal smoking on the relationship between maternal and fetal zinc status and infant birth weight. AB - We have previously reported a trapping of zinc in the placenta directly related to circulating cadmium that comes from cigarette smoke. The purpose of this study was to examine in detail the effect of smoking on (a) the relationship between maternal and fetal zinc status and (b) the relationship between zinc status and birth weight. One hundred and eighteen smokers and 172 nonsmokers without any medical complications during pregnancy were studied. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to assess zinc status in maternal and cord vein plasma and red blood cells. Plasma alkaline phosphatase was also determined as an index of zinc status. Thiocyanate was used as an index of smoking status. The data were analyzed using univariate correlations and repeated measures analysis of variance. Infants of smokers had a statistically significant decrease in plasma zinc (5%), alkaline phosphatase (13%), and in cord vein RBC zinc (12%). Furthermore, the results showed an altered relationship between maternal and fetal indices of zinc status and zinc status and birth weight due to maternal smoking. The infant of the nonsmoking mother appears to be able to maintain adequate zinc status due to depletion of maternal zinc. However, it appears that the infant of the smoking mother may be marginally zinc deficient. These findings support studies of zinc supplementation in the pregnancy complicated by smoking. PMID- 3209783 TI - Coconut oil and its use in infant formula manufacturing. PMID- 3209784 TI - Preventing eye injuries. PMID- 3209785 TI - Optometric role in cardiac care. PMID- 3209786 TI - Ghost office revisited. PMID- 3209787 TI - Accommodative spasm. PMID- 3209788 TI - Functional model of an eye protection program: guide for the clinical optometrist. AB - An eye protection program is needed in occupational medicine policies. Typical eye injuries and eye accidents, as they relate to occupational accidents, justify the management advocating such a program. A recommended model for a functional eye protection program is provided and defined. PMID- 3209789 TI - Prevention of eye injuries in the dental office. AB - The dental office can be a source of ocular injury due to mechanical, chemical, microbiological, and electromagnetic insult. Survey questionnaires were sent to all Indian Health Service dentists in the Oklahoma area to assess knowledge of and compliance with measures to prevent eye injuries. After distribution of eye safety information, a second questionnaire was sent to assess any changes in compliance with wearing protective eyewear. Recommendations are given for measures to prevent eye injuries in the dental office. PMID- 3209790 TI - A comparison study of dynamic visual acuity between athletes and nonathletes. AB - A comparison study of dynamic visual acuity (DVA) was conducted using samples of nonathletic college students and college baseball players. The experimental population consisted of 17 male baseball players ranging in age from 19-24 years. The control population was made up of 25 male graduate students ranging in age from 23-29 years. Subjects reported the direction of a 20/25 "Landolt C" target exhibiting uniform angular motion produced by a projection system. Angular target velocities between 10 deg/sec and 110 deg/sec with an exposure time of 400 ms were used. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups' DVA. The mean DVA for the baseball players was 82.35 deg/sec and 69.90 deg/sec for the control group. PMID- 3209791 TI - Visual conditions of symphony musicians. AB - Professional symphony musicians work in a very stressful environment which requires them to remain in asymmetric postures for long periods of time. The maladaptations (i.e., astigmatism and anisometropia) made as a result of the stress and the asymmetric postures are investigated. Forrest's astigmatism theory is restated and related to the musician with clinical data to support the theory. Stress management through imagery for the musician is discussed. A study is also discussed which shows that good sight readers in music use a fundamentally different eye scan pattern to read music from the pattern that they use to read written language. PMID- 3209792 TI - Ocular chrysiasis. AB - Elemental gold, administered parenterally and orally, is used to a moderate extent to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome and nondisseminated lupus erythematosus. Deposition of gold salts are observable in ocular tissues during chrysotherapy. These tissues are the cornea, conjunctiva, skin, lens and retina. This case report describes ocular chrysiasis and discusses its clinical management. PMID- 3209793 TI - A review of five recent cases of significance for optometrists. AB - The standard of care expected of optometrists continues to be defined by the courts. Misdiagnosis of ocular disease and liability for injuries caused by ophthalmic products remain the leading causes of litigation. Documentation of findings, warnings, and key management decisions is an essential aspect of clinical practice and must not be neglected by clinicians. PMID- 3209795 TI - Calcium-activated chloride conductance in parasympathetic neurons of the rabbit urinary bladder. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from vesical pelvic ganglion cells of the rabbit in a Krebs solution containing tetrodotoxin (1 microM). Experiments were carried out during complete suppression of the calcium-dependent potassium conductance by tetraethylammonium (greater than or equal to 20 mM) and/or intracellular injection of cesium ions. The action potential was followed by a depolarizing afterpotential which lasted for 0.3-10 s and had a peak amplitude of 5-20 mV at about -50 mV. The afterdepolarization (ADP) could not be observed when the preceding calcium-dependent action potential was blocked in a nominally calcium-free solution. Intracellular injection of ethyleneglycol-bis(beta aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or total substitution of extracellular calcium ions with barium ions selectively blocked the ADP. The ADP, associated with an increased membrane conductance, reversed its polarity at -17 mV, when ganglion cells were impaled with microelectrodes filled with potassium chloride or cesium chloride. This reversal level was similar to that of the depolarization induced by gamma-aminobutyric acid. The reversal potential shifted to about -50 mV when acetate or sulphate were injected as counter anions. The peak amplitude and the total duration of the ADP was increased by substitution of external sodium chloride with sucrose or sodium isethionate. These results suggest that the ADP results from calcium entry during the spike and subsequent opening of chloride channels in parasympathetic neurons of the rabbit. PMID- 3209794 TI - Source and physiological significance of plasma 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. AB - To elucidate the source and physiological significance of plasma 3,4 dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) as metabolites of noradrenaline (NA), unlabeled and tritium-labeled NA [( 3H]NA) were infused into conscious rats and the formation of labeled and unlabeled DHPG and MHPG examined. Animals were pretreated with clorgyline to determine the effects of inhibiting monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A), with desipramine to determine the effects of blockade of NA neuronal uptake, or with reserpine to determine the effects of interference with vesicular translocation of NA. Inhibition of neuronal uptake prevented the formation of DHPG from exogenous NA and halved the formation of MHPG, indicating that DHPG is derived from NA metabolized intraneuronally and that MHPG is derived from NA metabolized extraneuronally and from DHPG produced intraneuronally. Blockade of vesicular translocation of NA with reserpine increased DHPG formation from exogenous NA by 300% and MHPG formation by 70%, consistent with enhanced availability of NA in the neuronal cytoplasm for metabolism by MAO-A. About 74% of NA recaptured by sympathetic nerves was estimated to be sequestered into storage vesicles. Endogenous DHPG and MHPG were derived mainly (60-70%) from leakage of NA from storage vesicles and to a smaller extent (30-40%) from NA recaptured after exocytotic release. An increased plasma DHPG to NA ratio with no change in the MHPG to NA ratio during infusions of physiologically active NA demonstrated that changes in plasma MHPG do not necessarily follow changes in DHPG. Consideration of the intra- and extraneuronal sources of plasma DHPG and MHPG, their main derivation from NA directly released into the neuronal cytoplasm and the influences of neuronal uptake and translocation of NA into storage vesicles is essential for the correct interpretation of plasma concentrations of these metabolites in the evaluation of sympathetic nervous function. PMID- 3209796 TI - Muscarinic antagonist action of clinical doses of chloroquine in healthy volunteers. AB - An investigation was undertaken into possible vagolytic effects of chloroquine. A single oral dose of chloroquine was given to healthy human volunteers and its influence on vagally mediated heart rate changes studied. Chloroquine at a dose of 600 mg significantly increased lying and standing heart rates, reduced the beat-to-beat variation of the R-R interval and reduced the heart rate changes induced by deep breathing, by the Valsalva manoeuvre and by standing. Chloroquine at a dose of 225 mg did not produce significant changes of these parameters. The effects of 600 mg chloroquine resemble those obtained with atropine and are consistent with an antimuscarinic receptor effect. PMID- 3209797 TI - Increase in neuropeptide Y, but not noradrenaline, in the superior cervical ganglion of rabbits chronically exposed to cold. AB - We have investigated the effects of exposure to cold for 8 days on sympathetic neurones supplying the ear artery of the rabbit using a combination of assay and quantitative morphological techniques. The concentration of neuropeptide Y was shown to be significantly higher in the superior cervical ganglion of cold exposed animals. Although the noradrenaline and dopamine levels in the ganglion were not significantly changed, the ratio of noradrenaline to dopamine was significantly increased after exposure to cold. The density of noradrenergic nerves supplying the ear artery was found to be unaffected by cold exposure. Since noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y have been shown to coexist in the majority of neurones of the superior cervical ganglion, the present study appears to provide an example of differential control of expression of neurotransmitters contained within the same neurone. PMID- 3209798 TI - The organization of the cardiac ganglion of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). AB - The heart of the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum was studied with histochemical methods to determine the distribution of neurons containing acetylcholine esterase, catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine. The cardiac ganglion is made up of cholinergic nerve fibers and somata, and of catecholaminergic fibers. Small intensely fluorescent cells were found along blood vessels in the pericardial wall at the base of the heart, but not in the heart itself, except, in a few instances, in the region bordering the pericardial wall. Both the cholinergic and the catecholaminergic innervation of the heart were poorly developed at hatching and reached their mature state after a few months. Cholinesterase staining fibers appeared several weeks before catecholaminergic fibers. The number of postganglionic cholinergic neurons in the heart increased several-fold during the first month after hatching. Histofluorescence studies of organ cultures suggested that all the catecholamine present in the heart are of extrinsic origin. Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection demonstrated that the dominant catecholamine in the heart is norepinephrine. No neurons containing 5 hydroxytryptamine were found. PMID- 3209799 TI - Secondary late components of the muscarinic postsynaptic potentials, in rabbit superior cervical ganglion. AB - The well known muscarinic slow excitatory polysynaptic potential (s-EPSP) of rabbit superior cervical ganglion (SCG) peaking at about 1-2 s and lasting 5-10 s, is immediately followed by an abrupt change in slope to a longer, lower depolarizing phase. A brief dip in the level of depolarization (DP) often separates the two depolarizing phases. The secondary phase of s-EPSP rises to its own peak at about 25 s; total duration 60-120 s. With repetition of orthodromic volleys secondary s-EPSP builds up more gradually than initial s-EPSP, but more rapidly than slow-slow (ss-) EPSP. The later 'secondary' depolarizing phase along with the antecedent 'dip in DP' are, like the 'initial' s-EPSP, eliminated by a muscarinic antagonist, quinuclinidyl benzilate hydrochloride (QNB). This distinguishes secondary s-EPSP from the even slower rising non-cholinergic ss EPSP. The ss-EPSP, although relatively small in the responses to the usual 3 pulse test stimuli, rises to an extraordinary amplitude (equal to the compound action potential) during a 10 s-120 s train of pulses. Gallamine blocked most of the slow IPSP component in test responses but not initial or secondary s-EPSP. A preganglionic conditioning train (10/s for 2 min) induced a long-term-enhancement (LTE) of secondary s-EPSP lasting greater than 3 h, with maximum postconditioning percentage increases greater than for initial s-EPSP. Also enhanced was the dip in DP, now forming a deeper notch between initial and secondary s-EPSPs; this attains a maximum at about 30 min postconditioning but thereafter progressively loses the enhancement by about 90 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209800 TI - Effect of eye color on heart rate response to intramuscular administration of atropine. AB - Melanin has been previously shown to modify the mydriatic response to atropine instillation. Skin and iris pigmentation has also been shown to modify aspects of the heart rate response to injected atropine, although these observations have been generally overlooked. In this study, 20 healthy non-smoker male subjects, ages 20-30 years, were injected by two different automatic injector devices and the mydriatic and heart rate responses in the first 90 min were reported. The group included 8 brown-eyed, 4 hazel-eyed, and 8 blue-eyed subjects. Although there were differences in the rate of atropine delivery between the two injection devices, the heart rate responses were independently modified by eye color to a magnitude of difference as great as the differences between injectors. Subjects with more pigmented irides (brown-eyed) showed a more rapid rise in heart rate compared to less pigmented irides (hazel-eyed and blue-eyed subjects). Following injection by the device with a slower atropine absorption rate, these differences were particularly enhanced and an abbreviated bradycardic phase of the heart rate response was observed for the brown-eyed subjects. This observation confirms earlier reports and suggests the possibility of an interference by melanin (in the iris or elsewhere) in atropine accessibility to selected muscarinic target sites. PMID- 3209801 TI - Long-term hypoxia increases the turnover of dopamine but not norepinephrine in rat sympathetic ganglia. AB - The content and turnover of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and norepinephrine have been investigated in the superior cervical, coeliac and mesenteric ganglia of rats exposed to moderate normobaric hypoxia (10% O2 in N2) lasting for 2-28 days. the turnover was estimated by the decrease in amine contents after inhibition of catecholamine biosynthesis with alpha-methyl-p tyrosine. In all 3 sympathetic ganglia, long-term hypoxia elicited a sustained increase in the content and turnover of dopamine. In contrast, the content and turnover of norepinephrine remained unchanged, except for a moderate increase in the coeliac ganglion after 14 and 28 days of hypoxia. These results suggest that the dopamine and norepinephrine pools in ganglia have a different functional significance and that rat sympathetic ganglia contain a pool of dopamine specifically sensitive to long-term hypoxia. PMID- 3209802 TI - Postnatal development of catecholamines and response to hypoxia in adrenals and paraganglia of rabbits. AB - The postnatal development of catecholamine levels in adrenals and paraganglia in newborn rabbits has been analyzed. At birth, the dominant catecholamine was noradrenaline, contributing 66% of the total catecholamine pool at day 1, 55% of which came from the paraganglia. There was a rapid postnatal increase of adrenaline, which constituted 67% of the total catecholamines at day 6 and 97% in the adult. After hypoxia at day 1, the noradrenaline levels decreased in paraganglia but not in adrenals, while adrenaline levels did not significantly change in either organ. PMID- 3209803 TI - Patterns of activity in sympathetic postganglionic nerves to skeletal muscle, skin and kidney during stimulation of the medullary raphe area of the rat. AB - In chloralose/urethane anaesthetised rats multi and single fibre activity was recorded in renal sympathetic nerves and in sympathetic nerves to skeletal muscle and to the skin of the hind limb. The activity was pulse-modulated and inhibited by stimulating baroreceptors with an increase in blood pressure following i.v. phenylephrine. The study investigated the effect of stimulating medial regions of the lower brainstem on activity in these sympathetic nerves. Comparing renal nerve and skin sympathetic nerve activity two main patterns of response were seen, either an inhibition of both or excitation of both. In contrast when comparing renal nerve activity with muscle sympathetic nerve activity a third pattern was evoked from a few sites located in nucleus raphe obscurus, an inhibition of renal nerve activity and excitation of muscle sympathetic activity. The latter is the same pattern as that evoked in the cat. Unlike the cat, however, the decerebrate rat was not observed to generate this differential pattern of activity either spontaneously or following the administration of physostigmine. It is argued that the activation of cell bodies located in raphe obscurus is responsible for inducing a pattern of sympathetic activity similar to that occurring during paradoxical sleep in other animals. PMID- 3209804 TI - Morphological and electrophysiological properties of cat lumbar paravertebral neurones. AB - The morphological and electrophysiological properties of neurones in the 3rd, 4th and 5th cat lumbar paravertebral ganglia were studied in vitro utilising intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and intracellular electrophysiological recording techniques. Projections of neurones (T13-L5) were determined by in vivo HRP techniques. Two distinct soma morphologies were noted in all ganglia. Those whose long and short axes were approximately equal in length were designated as being 'spherical' and had a mean cross sectional area of 730 micron2. The remainder, whose long axis was at least 1.5 times the length of their short axis were called 'fusiform' and had a mean soma area of 540 micron2. The two cell types occurred in an approximate 2:1 ratio, respectively. The mean numbers of primary, secondary and tertiary dendrites for the population studied were 6.5, 6.3 and 3.4, respectively. Spherical cells had significantly more of each than fusiform cells as well as having a greater number of branch points and overall length of dendritic arbor. Neither cell type could be distinguished from the other based on the estimated number of fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials, the duration of the afterspike hyperpolarization or the duration of action potential discharge in response to 8-10-s depolarizing current pulses. The estimated number of synaptic potentials associated with both types of neurones (mean 10.6 +/- 1.6) correlated inversely only with the soma diameters (see Materials and Methods). It is concluded that while cat lumbar paravertebral neuronal soma may be classified into two morphologically distinct types, this is not reflected in their electrophysiological profiles. In addition, these data suggest that cat lumbar paravertebral neurones have a dendritic appearance and a degree of convergence of synaptic input previously shown to occur in this system. PMID- 3209805 TI - Adrenoceptors and cardiovascular regulation in conscious, unrestrained, Long Evans and Brattleboro rats. AB - In conscious rats, in the presence of prazosin and idazoxan (alpha 1- and alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonists, respectively), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) become unstable, due to the occurrence of 'spontaneous' depressor and tachycardic episodes. These events could be triggered also by auditory stimuli, and were blocked by antagonism of beta 2-adrenoceptors. In adrenal-demedullated animals treated with prazosin and idazoxan, BP was less variable than in sham-operated animals, but bolus injections of adrenaline or salbutamol could simulate the 'spontaneous' depressor events seen in the latter. The marked swings in HR were not explained by sensitization of the cardiac baroreflex in the presence of idazoxan, but were probably due to blockade of prejunctional autoinhibitory alpha 2-adrenoceptors, amplifying the effects of intermittent sympatho-adrenal activation. PMID- 3209806 TI - Sympathetic postganglionic innervation of the cardiac coronary artery in cats. AB - The localization of the sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the cardiac coronary arteries of the cat was investigated using retrograde axonal transport with horseradish peroxidase. We found after the enzyme was applied to the main trunk of the right coronary artery, and to the main trunk and the terminal branch of the ventral descending vessels of the left coronary artery, the peroxidase-labeled sympathetic neurons were localized predominantly in the right stellate ganglia, with a few cells in the left stellate ganglia. There were very few labeled cells in the middle cervical, superior cervical, and T4-7 ganglia on both sides. After peroxidase application to the terminal branch of the dorsal descending vessels of the right coronary artery, labeled cells were mainly in the left stellate ganglia, with only a few cells in the right stellate ganglia. PMID- 3209807 TI - Spinal sympathetic conduction velocity in humans. AB - Simultaneous micro-electrode recordings of muscle sympathetic activity were made in the radial nerve at the mid-humerus level and the peroneal nerve at the fibular head in 8 healthy subjects. Sympathetic impulses occurred spontaneously in multi-unit bursts time-locked to the cardiac rhythm. There was a high degree of similarity between radial and peroneal neurograms with the radial bursts preceding corresponding peroneal ones by approximately 0.35 s. Utilizing this latency difference and previously determined values for peripheral sympathetic postganglionic conduction velocities, we calculated that the spinal conduction velocity for muscle sympathetic activity is 2.8 +/- 0.7 m/s (mean +/- SD). The result agrees with similar data from experimental animals. PMID- 3209808 TI - Origin of tonic GABAergic inputs to vasopressor neurons in the subretrofacial nucleus of the rabbit. AB - The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether the vasomotor effects reflexly elicited by baroreceptor stimulation are dependent upon gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the subretrofacial (SRF) nucleus in the rostral ventrolateral medulla; (2) the extent to which inputs other than those arising from peripheral baroreceptors, or transmitted via the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), contribute to the tonic GABAergic inhibition of SRF vasopressor cells. Following bilateral injection of a mixture of the GABA antagonist bicuculline methiodide (500 pmol) and GABA agonist muscimol (500 pmol) into the SRF nucleus, the sympathoinhibitory response normally evoked by a rise in arterial pressure (induced by inflating an aortic cuff) was abolished in 4 out of 8 rabbits and reduced in the remainder. For the whole group, the mean reduction in this response was 71%. In other experiments, the pressor response produced by injection of bicuculline methiodide into the SRF nucleus was still present after (1) destruction of the intermediate portion of the NTS, and (2) complete removal of the brain rostral to the pons. We conclude that (1) an inhibitory GABAergic input into the SRF nucleus is an important component of the central pathways mediating baroreceptor inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor tone; (2) the SRF nucleus also receives tonic GABAergic inputs that are intrinsic to the lower brainstem and are independent of baroreceptor or other cardiovascular inputs relayed by the NTS. PMID- 3209809 TI - Evidence that neuropeptide Y released from noradrenergic axons causes prolonged contraction of the guinea-pig uterine artery. AB - The participation of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in transmission from sympathetic vasoconstrictor neurons was investigated in the guinea-pig uterine artery, where NPY has been demonstrated immunohistochemically in noradrenergic axons. Exogenous NPY produced long-lasting contractions of isolated arterial segments at low resting tone. Low concentrations of NPY (10(-8)-3 X 10(-7) mol.l-1) were more potent than equimolar concentrations of noradrenaline (NA). NPY produced concentration-dependent desensitization to further application of NPY, but did not affect the magnitude of NA contractions. Trypsin (1.4-2 micrograms.ml-1) reduced NPY-induced contractions by 80-100%, but did not alter NA-induced contractions. Transmural electrical stimulation of arterial segments, after surgical removal of vasodilator axons, produced biphasic contractions which were abolished by guanethidine. Prazosin abolished the fast phase of the neurogenic contraction, leaving a slow contraction with a time course similar to that produced by a low concentration of NPY. The slow contraction was more pronounced at higher frequencies of stimulation (15-20 Hz) than at lower frequencies, and was selectively reduced after desensitization produced by NPY (10(-5) mol.l-1), or after exposure to trypsin. These results suggest that sympathetic vasoconstriction of the guinea-pig uterine artery is produced by release of both NA and NPY from noradrenergic axons. PMID- 3209810 TI - The forms of argyrophilic ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the opossum. AB - In the small intestine, the myenteric plexus contains several different forms of ganglion cells. We examined the whole gut of the American opossum to see if these forms exist in other organs. Sections were stained by silver-impregnation. About half the ganglion cells were argyrophilic in all regions. Argyrophilic cells were described as to dendrite shape (filiform or lamellar), number, and grouping on the nerve cell body (radiating or focal), and in respect to nuclear position (central or peripheral). Cells with lamellar dendrites were sparse in esophagus (less than 5%), in gastric fundus (17.2%) and in antrum (8.2%), increased from duodenum (18.5%) to ileum (64.3%) and increased along the colon from the cecum (62.3%) to the rectum (94.9%). The proportion of cells with filiform dendrites diminished correspondingly along the gut. The number of dendrites per cell increased caudad along the gut. Cells with focally distributed dendrites were rare in all regions. More cells had central nuclei than peripheral nuclei in all regions, and nuclear position did not correlate with dendrite morphology. Thus, the forms of myenteric plexus ganglion cells differ systematically in the gut. The results do not support the idea that a specific function can be assigned to a ganglion cell of a specific form. PMID- 3209811 TI - Afferent and efferent nerve injury in vibration white fingers. AB - To study afferent pain and efferent sympathetic nerve function in vibration induced Raynaud's phenomenon, 10 patients and 11 healthy controls were examined. Thresholds for mechanically and thermally induced pain were determined on the left side of the tip of the second finger, on the skin fold between thumb and second finger and on the ear lobe. Superficial skin blood flow was simultaneously measured by laser Doppler technique on the right third finger. The patients had higher pain thresholds than controls on the vibration-exposed index finger but not on other stimulation areas. Thus receptors or pain-mediating nerve fibres in the fingers are affected by work with vibrating tools. The controls demonstrated vasoconstriction on pain stimulation, whereas the patients showed no or weak vasoconstriction in response to the stimulation. This was true also when areas not included in the disease process were stimulated, indicating that also sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves or receptors are affected in vibration syndrome. PMID- 3209812 TI - [Study of color perception using a new color test and desaturated panel D 15 in normal subjects and diabetics]. AB - The authors used two tests (the Lanthony's New Color Test and the desaturated Panel D 15 test) to evaluate color vision in 235 subjects (235 eyes) of which 80 normal and 155 diabetic (85 with background retinopathy and 70 without retinopathy, as demonstrated by fluorescein angiography). The diabetic patients with maculopathy or macular oedema, with mixed or proliferative retinopathy, or with any form of advanced degenerative retinopathy were excluded from this study. The New Color Test was performed in accordance with Lanthony's standardized method, applying only the separation phase (to quantifying the color perception defect, if any) in photopic illuminance conditions at 250 lux. The desaturated Panel D 15 (qualitative classification test) has been performed at illuminance of 500 lux. Both normal and diabetic subjects were divided into two age groups (below and above 45 years) and the discriminatory value of two tests has been assessed in relation to age, diabetes and background retinopathy. The New Color Test showed a highly significant difference between normal subjects and diabetics of comparable age with background retinopathy. There was also a highly significant difference between diabetics with and without retinopathy. On the other hand, the difference between normal subjects and diabetics without retinopathy proved significant in the below-45 age group and no-significant in the above-45 age group. The results obtained in the desaturated Panel D 15 test have been similar: below the 45 years of age all differences among the three subject groups proved significant, whereas in the above-45 age group no significant differences were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209813 TI - [Retinographic and angiographic study of ocular lesions detected in AIDS]. AB - We examined 42 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: 11 of these had retinal lesions. In this study we reported five cases; all were examined within several weeks of admission to the Maggiore Hospital, and at various intervals thereafter. Ophthalmic evaluation included determination of visual acuity, slit-lamp examinations, direct ophthalmoscopy with the pupil dilated, fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated during gradient density centrifugation. Lymphocyte subsets were determined by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series. All patients demonstrated a reduction of the ratio of T-helper to T suppressor. Patient no. 1 was a 41 year-old hemophiliac man became ill (ARC) in June 1986; initially the patient had no ocular lesions. After five months developed bilateral retinal cotton wool spots. The patient's clinical conditions progressively worsened during the ensuing months and after fifteen months he felt a decreased vision in left eye: retinal examination disclosed a presumed CMV retinitis. Patient no. 2 was a 30 year-old intravenous drug-user man. At the time of the admission (AIDS) ophthalmologic evaluation revealed multiple cotton wool spots in both eyes. These changed of number and size during the following months. This patient was treated with ganciclovir (dihydroxy propoxymethyl guanine) because developed a CMV encephalopathy. We noted after this treatment a strong reduction of the cotton wool spots without an improvement of the general conditions and he died a month later. Patient no. 3 was a 26 year-old drug-user woman admitted for ARC. Ophthalmologic evaluation disclosed in right eye a presumed CMV retinitis with vascular sheathing and hemorrhages, and in left eye a little white retinal lesion (an initial retinitis) and cotton wool spots. The general and the retinal conditions rapidly worsened and she died three months later. Patient no. 4 was a 24 year-old women, intravenous drug-user, admitted for AIDS complicated by central nervous system infection by Toxoplasmic Gondii. Ocular examination revealed in right eye retinal cotton wool spots, and in left eye a white chorioretinal lesion with vitritis attributed to Toxoplasma Gondii. This retinochoroiditis improved after empiric therapy with sulfonamides and pyrimethamine. Patient no. 5 was a 37 year-old bisexual man admitted for AIDS. The findings on ophthalmologic examination were: CMV retinitis in right eye and retinal cotton wool spots in left eye. Treatment with ganciclovir resulted in an improvement of general symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3209814 TI - [Preliminary study on the effect of 1% indomethacin eyedrops in surgery of glaucoma]. AB - Indomethacin collyrium, a powerful inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, was used successfully in many applications. The authors evaluated its action in the surgery of glaucoma. Two groups of patients had a trabeculectomy. The first group received instillation of indomethacin; the second was a control group. Four parameters were evaluated and compared in both groups: 1. Inflammatory state of the anterior chamber (AC). 2. Anterior chamber depth. 3. Filtration bleb state. 4. Intra-ocular pressure. Indomethacin promotes the establishment of a good filtration bleb that yields on a lasting ocular hypotonia, thus improving the results. PMID- 3209815 TI - A method for quantitative analysis of flavor-tainting alkylphenols and aromatic thiols in fish. AB - Simultaneous steam distillation-extraction (SDE) of fortified rainbow trout tissue resulted in greater than 95% recovery of 2-isopropylphenol, 3 isopropylphenol, 4-isopropylphenol, 2,4-diisopropylphenol, 2,5-diisopropylphenol, 3,5-diisopropylphenol, carvacrol and thymol. Lower recoveries were obtained for 2,6-diisopropylphenol (81%), thiophenol (55%), and thiocresol (85%). Analysis of concentrated extracts by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry operated in the selected ion monitoring mode allowed quantitative detection of these compounds down to 0.5 ppb based on 20 g of initial sample. PMID- 3209816 TI - Volatile compounds in flavor-tainted fish from the Upper Wisconsin River. AB - Fillets from Walleye pike (Stizostedion vitreum) and Northern pike (Esox lucius) captured from the Upper Wisconsin River were analyzed for volatile components using simultaneous steam distillation-extraction and GC-MS techniques. Based on comparative odor assessments of eluting GC fractions and GC-MS analysis between control and tainted fish, trace amounts (ppb) of alkylphenols (2-isopropyl-, 4 isopropyl-, 2,4-diisopropyl-, 2,5-diisopropyl-, 2,6-diisopropyl-, 3,5-diisopropyl , 5-methyl-2-isopropyl-, and 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-) and thiophenol were identified as the principal contributors to flavor-tainting found in fish during the spring of the year. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were major contributors to mustiness flavor-tainting occurring in fish captured in the late summer and were more abundant in downstream fish than in upstream control fish. PMID- 3209817 TI - In vitro methylation of DNA by the fumigant methyl bromide. AB - Investigations have shown that the physical state of the DNA strongly influences the pattern of methylation observed when DNA or a substance containing DNA is treated with the fumigant methyl bromide. 1-Methyl-adenine and 7-methylguanine were identified, after hydrolysis, as the major methylated bases of DNA which had been treated in the solid state. 3-Methylcytosine, 3-methyladenine and 7 methyladenine were found as minor products. The overall methylation pattern was similar to that observed earlier for DNA of maize and wheat which had been fumigated. In contrast, when buffer solutions of DNA were treated with methyl bromide, the N-7 position of guanine was the major site and the N-3 position of adenine was the second most important site of methylation. This result corresponds to that previously observed in similar studies with buffer solutions of DNA and other methylating agents. PMID- 3209818 TI - The effects of high iodine on the brain development of mice. AB - C57 mice were divided into two groups: (A): experiment group (H group). Each female mouse was injected with 20 microliter iodized oil; (B): control group (N group). Both groups were mated 8 days after iodized oil injection. Urine iodine contents/24 h of H group was 20 times higher than that in N group 7 days after injection and 18 times higher two months later. Serum T4 values were determined. Brain protein, DNA, body weight, motility and learning ability were measured in the progeny. The results indicate that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in any of the parameters mentioned above. This strongly suggests that a high iodine dose, given as iodized oil, does not have obvious damaging effects on brain development, at least in mice. PMID- 3209819 TI - Difference in species specificity of TSH receptor antibodies in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - TSH receptor antibodies have been detected in the sera of patients with Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Since non-human thyroid tissue fractions or cells are used in the majority of assays, the species specificity of TSH receptor antibodies in GD or HT could be important. The species specificity was evaluated by means of an immunoprecipitation assay (IPA) using Triton X-100 solubilized TSH receptors prepared from human, porcine and rat thyroid as well as guinea pig fat cells (GPFC). In each assay the majority (4 or 5) of the 6 patients with GD were IPA-positive. In contrast, 9 out of 11 patients (82%) with HT had a positive human and rat IPA, while only 3 out of 11 (27% p less than 0.05) sera were positive in the porcine and GPFC assays. CONCLUSIONS: no species specificity of TSH receptor antibodies was detected for patients with GD; a selective species specificity for human and rat TSH receptors was found for HT sera. This suggests that TSH receptor antibodies in HT either recognize different determinants on the receptor than the antibodies in GD or are of lower affinity. Furthermore, the use of porcine thyroid tissue or GPFC may lead to an underestimation of the presence and level of TSH receptor antibodies in patients with HT. PMID- 3209820 TI - Isolated growth hormone deficiency after severe head trauma. AB - In a 12-yr-old boy growth arrest occurred after severe head trauma. Evaluation of pituitary endocrine function revealed isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Lack of GH response to GH-releasing factor indicated that the responsible lesion was most likely to be localized in the pituitary gland. GH substitution resulted in biochemical (somatomedin increase) and clinical (catch up growth) response. PMID- 3209821 TI - Spontaneous remission of acromegaly after pituitary apoplexy following head trauma. AB - A 34-year-old man with acromegaly was observed, and the clinical course and various endocrinological deficiencies occurring before, during and after the development of pituitary apoplexy were evaluated. Following the attack, the patient experienced acute reductions in growth hormone (GH) and other pituitary hormones, adrenohypophyseal insufficiency and transient diabetes insipidus which appeared subsequent to glucocorticoid therapy. The level of growth hormone in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured synchronously, and the respective regressions of GH levels in serum and CSF were observed. The results demonstrated the utility of measuring hormonal levels in CSF in the clinical evaluation of pituitary apoplexy in a patient with a functioning pituitary tumor. PMID- 3209822 TI - The relation of serum T4 and TSH with the urinary iodine excretion. AB - The urinary iodine excretion, expressed as the iodine/creatinine (I/Cr) ratio, was correlated with the serum T4 and TSH levels in persons with a relatively constant iodine intake for at least 6 months. It was found that the group with an I/Cr ratio of 151-200 micrograms/g had on average the lowest serum TSH and the highest serum T4 level. The differences in serum TSH from the other groups were statistically significant, whereas the differences in serum T4 were not. It is concluded that an I/Cr ratio of 151-200, corresponding to an iodine intake of about 200 micrograms/day, is associated with the lowest TSH stimulation of the thyroid gland in man and probably represents the optimal conditions for its function. PMID- 3209823 TI - Sex steroid and gonadotropin changes during phenobarbital therapy in epilepsy. PMID- 3209824 TI - [Stress urinary incontinence in women. Epidemiologic inquiry. Apropos of 500 cases]. AB - Nearly 50% of women in Tunisia have urinary incontinence, and 30% of these are highly embarassed. This condition is under-estimated in Tunisia by doctors in as far as its functional effects are concerned because the country has other diseases which are more urgent and take priority. Stress incontinence causing invalidism is very frequent: 31.4%. The principal factors that lead to it are home delivery, multiparity, menopause and large babies. There are two frequent associated conditions: incontinence during pregnancy and cystocoele. A contribution is made by the clinical diagnosis, but if investigations stop there a definite diagnosis cannot be made and therefore there is a risk of failure of treatment. In fact the treatment should be according to the cause: it is medical when are purely urinary troubles and surgical or physiotherapeutic when there is true stress incontinence. The best treatment would be to prevent the condition by good obstetrics and this by better methods of delivering the babies. PMID- 3209825 TI - [Use of the concept of fecundity in the prognosis of infertility]. AB - In taking note of the fecundability it becomes possible to calculate the distribution curve for delays in becoming pregnant for couples who want to have a pregnancy. In the first part of the paper tables are presented to correspond to different fecundabilities and contain the delays in conception and other indices that can measure the fertility of such couples. Il the second half the results are applied to concrete situations that go with different causes of infertility, so that couples affected with certain conditions can know their own prognosis as a function of the delay already suffered since starting to try for a pregnancy. PMID- 3209826 TI - [Histologic study of 100 pregnant fallopian tubes]. AB - The 100 fallopian tubes had been obtained from women whose mean age was 30 and whose mean period of amenorrhea was 38 days. Each fallopian tube gave rise to at least sixteen samples and was sectioned if necessary several times. There had been tubal rupture in 25 cases, and in at least 7 cases the rupture involved the ovum and its implantation site. The location of the implantation site could be determined in only 30 cases: 10 in the mesosalpin; x 10 in the antimesosalpinx; 8 lateral and 2 circumferential. The anatomic site of the implantation was isthmic in 7 cases; ampullary in 85 cases, of which 6 were near to the isthmus; infundibular in 7 cases and fimbrial in 1 case. Tubal lesions were found in 22% of the cases, but associated were also found frequently: tubal adenomyosis (17 cases); adherent tubal fimbriae (14 cases); peritoneal adhesions (11 cases) and decidual changes in 12 cases. The 74 remaining fallopian tubes were considered to have been previously normal and to have been affected only by changes linked to the pregnant state (edema, congestion, lymphocytic infiltration) or to complications or this state (a smoothing out of the tubal mucosa; a peritoneal granuloma surrounding blood products; a localized infarct of the fimbriae or wall; and haemorrhage involved in thromboses, ovum detachment or necrosis). The ovum and implantation appeared to be normal in 26 cases and to have had development prematurely stopped because of extensive haemorrhage in 41 cases. In 22 cases there was hypoplasia, and difficulty in determining the cause in 11 cases. From a morphological point of view preserving at least one third of gravid fallopian tubes is justifiable, because the chronic lesions are often discrete and the changes of pregnancy generally appear to be reversible. The persisting pathogenic factors are not necessarily tubal, as can be seen by the role of delays in transport of the ova. PMID- 3209827 TI - [Comparative morphological study of the peritoneal mesothelium and the germinal epithelium of the ovary. Histogenetic evidence for endometriosis]. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate comparatively the morphology of germinal epithelium and of peritoneal mesothelial cells in women with and without endometriotic foci. In women without enometriotic foci, transmission electron microscopy revealed that plasma membranes of both cell types can form villous process, and that tonofilaments can be found in the cytoplasm; the microfibrils are well defined and may be arranged in perinuclear location or closely packed on the surface. Desmosomes are occasionally found in both cell types. In endometriotic foci, located either in the peritoneum or in the ovary, invaginations of the mesothelium into the underlying stroma are frequently observed, contiguous to well defined endometriotic tubules, or glandlike crypts. These structures are lined by a layer of cuboidal or high columnar cells. The cell membranes are well defined and run parallel to one another; small widening of the intercellular spaces is occasionally associated with a desmosome in the apical portion of the cell. These features may reflect Mullerian induction. PMID- 3209828 TI - [Determination of the growth fraction using monoclonal antibody Ki-67 in breast cancers]. AB - In 329 breast tissues (120 benign lesions and 209 invasive breast carcinomas) the growth fraction was determined using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. The percentage of Ki-67 positive cells or the Ki-67 growth fraction was determined on histologic and cytologic specimens after immunoperoxidase staining. In benign breast lesions, the Ki-67 growth fraction never exceeded 11%, whereas in breast cancer 14.4 +/- 9.9% of cells were Ki-67 positive ranging from 1 to 48%. Breast carcinomas were classified according to the histologic grading system of Bloom and Richardson (G1-G3). Poorly differentiated carcinomas. (G3) had significantly higher Ki-67 growth fractions than well differentiated tumors (G1). Ki-67 was also correlated with axillary lymph node status. Growth fractions of N+ carcinomas were significantly higher than those of N0 tumors (16.4 +/- 10.4% versus 12.4 +/- 9.4%; p = 0.006). Thus, this new method yields similar results to those obtained by other researchers through the use of flow cytometry and thymidine labelling. As determination of Ki-67 growth fractions is an easy and rapid technique, it is ideal for routine clinical use. Ki-67 may be useful in prognosis and in the selection of patients for various treatment modalities such as adjuvant therapy. A wide-spread use of Ki-67 would be helpful to gain further experience. PMID- 3209829 TI - [Renal insufficiency and severe genital prolapse. 2 cases]. AB - The authors report two patients with renal failure due to total procidentia. Surgical repair led to an improvement in renal function. Mild chronic renal failure persisted. Thus the renal status must be assessed in cases of uterine prolapse. PMID- 3209830 TI - [Treatment of acute non-chlamydial salpingitis. Study of the efficacy and tolerance of a single-therapy antibiotic: Augmentin]. AB - An open randomised comparative trial of the efficacy and safety of Augmentin as against the triple therapy of penicillin-gentamicin-metronidazole in acute salpingitis was conducted in forty women admitted to hospital. Laparoscopy was performed routinely to confirm the diagnosis. The two groups of patients were comparable as to age and clinical and biological symptoms and the severity of the salpingitis (grade I to IV, with the presence or absence of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome). Treatment was started immediately after the laparoscopy, first by parental route until the patient had been apyrexic for 48 hours. Oral follow-up was then commenced. Twenty women received Augmentin and twenty the triple antibiotic therapy. Specimens for bacteriological study were obtained before treatment (culture of the urine, culture from the IUD and from the cervix, and swabs were taken laparoscopically). This made it possible to identify aerobic and anaerobic organisms. (The gonococcus was found more often in the group treated with triple antibiotics). On discharge, cures had been obtained in 12 women and 6 more were responding out of the Augmentin group. Out of the triple therapy group 8 were cured and 10 were responding. There was one failure in each group (persisting fever). Long-term assessment was carried out in the out-patients three weeks after discharge. 11 out of the 13 reviewed in the Augmentin group and 8 out of the 14 in the triple therapy group were considered as definitely cured. The clinical safety of both treatments was good. These results demonstrate that Augmentin is as effective as the combined therapy in treating acute salpingitis and with the added advantage of its easy use and lower cost. PMID- 3209831 TI - [Routine appendectomy during sterilization using a transverse mini-laparotomy technic]. AB - The author describes an original procedure for carrying out suprapubic minilaparotomy in the hair-line. The incision measures about 2 cm. This is adequate for tubal sterilization and for removing the appendix routinely when the patient complains of pain in the right iliac fossa. The first twenty (20) cases treated resulted in effective tubal sterilization in 100% and appendicectomy could be carried out in 95% of cases. 15% had minor side-effects. This new procedure is highly to be recommended in developing countries because it allows a good view of the pelvis and gives an aesthetically pleasing result in suprapubic minilaparotomie undertaken for voluntary surgical contraception (VSC). PMID- 3209833 TI - [Apropos of cancer and discharge from the nipple]. PMID- 3209832 TI - [Ripening of the cervix uteri at term by a single intracervical application of prostaglandin E2 gel]. AB - The efficacy and the side effects of an intracervical PGE2 gel application, as compared to placebo, for priming of the cervix have been studied in 208 patients at term (104 PGE2 and 104 placebo) with an unripe cervix (Bishop score less than 5) and with a medical indication for induction of labour. The cervical ripening success rate (as defined in methodology) is significantly higher in the treated group (58.6%) than in the control group (27.8%; p = 0.0001): 38.5% out of the PGE2 treated patients delivered within 12 hours after the gel application; 12 hours after PGE2 or placebo gel application labour was induced in the remaining patients with intravenous oxytocin infusion. Under these conditions there were 13.5% failures in the PGE2 treated group and 16.3% in the placebo group. We observed a statistically significant decrease in the length of labour of the PGE2 treated patients as compared to the control group. Since signs of myometrial hypercontractility were observed in the PGE2 treated group as compared to the control group (p = 0.01), the authors advocate careful cardiotocographic monitoring for at least three hours after the gel application. It is concluded that intracervical application of Prostaglandin E2 followed by intravenous infusion of oxytocin in an effective and safe method for induction of labour with an unfavorable cervix at term. PMID- 3209834 TI - [Detection and diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium using cytology]. PMID- 3209835 TI - [An innovative protocol, cyclic hormone-chemotherapy in the treatment of high risk localized endometrial cancer]. PMID- 3209836 TI - [Indications for vaginal hysterectomy in adenocarcinoma of the endometrium]. PMID- 3209837 TI - [The obstetrical record]. PMID- 3209838 TI - [Medical records in gynecology and obstetrics. Administrative and medico-legal aspects]. PMID- 3209839 TI - [Comparison of 3 methods of a trial of labor: classic, using peridural anesthesia, after inducing labor]. PMID- 3209840 TI - [Peridural anesthesia and a trial of labor]. PMID- 3209841 TI - [Induced labor and a trial of labor]. PMID- 3209842 TI - Status epilepticus in children: etiology, clinical features, and outcome. AB - Between August 1984 and September 1986, data were gathered prospectively on 114 episodes of convulsive status epilepticus, defined as seizure duration longer than 30 minutes, affecting 97 children. Status epilepticus was symptomatic in 72% (chronic 59%, acute 13%) and idiopathic or febrile in 28%. We identified precipitating factors in 63% of episodes. The most common factors were inadequate blood levels of anticonvulsants (32 of 60 episodes in children with prior seizures) and febrile illnesses, excluding meningitis or encephalitis (38 of 114 episodes). There was an elevated peripheral white blood cell count in 60%, acidosis with a pH of less than 7.0 in 12.5%, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis not due to meningitis or encephalitis in 8 of 64 episodes. Eight children died, three with severe pre-existing brain damage, two with meningitis, and two with a poorly defined encephalopathy. Eighteen children developed a new neurologic deficit. Outcome was associated with the etiology and duration of status epilepticus, with age at the time of status a minor factor. A permanent deficit occurred in only five children with idiopathic or febrile status epilepticus. PMID- 3209843 TI - Benign paroxysmal tonic upgaze of childhood. AB - Four cases of an apparently benign ocular motor syndrome of childhood are reported. The features of the disorder are: (1) onset in early life; (2) periods of constant or variably sustained tonic conjugate upward deviation of the eyes; (3) down-beating saccades in attempted downgaze, which are difficult to sustain below the neutral positions; (4) apparently normal horizontal eye movements; (5) frequent relief by sleep; (6) otherwise normal neurological findings apart from mild ataxia, chronic in one boy and at times of illness in one of the other patients; (7) absence of deterioration during observation spanning up to 15 years; (8) eventual improvement but with some residual ocular movement problems in two cases; (9) normal metabolic, electroencephalographic, and neuroradiologic investigations; (10) normal brain examination findings in one patient who died accidentally; and (11) an apparently good response to levodopa therapy in one patient. To the authors' knowledge, this condition has not been described previously. It may be a new levodopa-responsive condition, secondary to a localized neurotransmitter deficiency. PMID- 3209844 TI - Prognosis in Sturge-Weber disease: comparison of unihemispheric and bihemispheric involvement. AB - One hundred two patients with Sturge-Weber disease who were seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1942 and 1986 were studied retrospectively to determine the difference in prognosis between unihemispheric (88 patients) and bihemispheric (14 patients) involvement. Seizures occurred in 63 with unihemispheric involvement and 13 with bihemispheric; the mean age at onset of seizures was 24 months in the former and 6 months in the latter. Of the total group, 19% were severely or moderately mentally retarded, 27% were mentally retarded but educable, and 45% had average intelligence. In the bihemispheric involvement group, 46% were severely or moderately mentally retarded, 38% were retarded but educable, and only 8% had average intelligence. Bilateral involvement of the brain by Sturge-Weber disease is associated with earlier onset of seizures and worse prognosis for mental development compared with unilateral involvement. PMID- 3209845 TI - Transient global amnesia precipitated by emotion in an adolescent. AB - Transient global amnesia has been reported to be precipitated by intense emotion in adult patients. Transient global amnesia is uncommon in the pediatric age group. We report the unusual occurrence of this syndrome, apparently precipitated on two occasions by emotion, in an adolescent who had earlier in life suffered a left temporal and occipital lobe embolic infarction from congenital heart disease. Transient global amnesia following intense emotion may be a cause of some confusional states in children and adolescents. PMID- 3209847 TI - MS or AIDS? PMID- 3209846 TI - Parainflammatory leukoencephalomyelitis: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings. AB - Parainflammatory leukoencephalomyelitis is a broad term used to include the spectrum of disorders that affect the central nervous system following infection, immunization, or other noxious stimuli. There is a wide range of clinical and pathologic severity, ranging from acute cerebellar ataxia to acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy. With the improved survival of these patients, magnetic resonance imaging provides a window to the pathologic process, which can aid in the long-term management of these patients. Although lesions of the brainstem and spinal cord correlate well to clinical symptoms, multiple cortical lesions may be present without specific localizing signs. The distribution of magnetic resonance lesions is different from that commonly seen in multiple sclerosis. In some cases, prolonged immunosuppression may be required to prevent recrudescence of the inflammatory response. PMID- 3209848 TI - Current concepts in the management of cholelithiasis. Proceedings of a symposium. Washington, D.C., June 18, 1988. PMID- 3209849 TI - Canine muscular dystrophy: confirmation of X-linked inheritance. AB - The genetic basis of muscular dystrophy in golden retriever dogs was investigated by means of experimental matings and cytogenetic studies. An affected male golden retriever was mated to three normal females, producing an F1 generation of six males and 14 females, all of which were clinically normal. Of six F1 females retained for breeding, all were shown to be carriers of muscular dystrophy in outcrosses to unrelated normal male dogs or in backcrosses to the affected male golden retriever. In outcrosses of carrier females, three of seven male and none of nine female offspring were affected, as expected under the X-linked recessive hypothesis. Backcrosses of F1 females to their affected sire also yielded results that are consistent with this hypothesis: 15 of 32 males and 5 of 17 females had muscular dystrophy. Cytogenetic studies of a carrier female, an affected male offspring, and a normal male sibling revealed no detectable abnormalities of the X chromosome. PMID- 3209850 TI - Analysis of recombination in the centromere region of mouse chromosome 7 using ovarian teratoma and backcross methods. AB - Recombination near the centromere of mouse chromosome 7 was studied using data obtained from ovarian teratomas and backcrosses. The recombination percentage for the centromere-Gpi-1 (glucose phosphate isomerase-1) interval was 13.4 +/- 2.6 using the ovarian teratoma mapping method. In a backcross using the Robertsonian translocation Rb(7.18)9Lub (Rb9) as the centromeric marker, the centromere-Gpi-1 recombination percentage was 4.5 +/- 1.3, demonstrating that Rb9 suppresses recombination near the centromere of chromosome 7. The recombination percentage for the Gpi-1-Ldh-1 (lactate dehydrogenase-1) interval was estimated on the LT/Sv mouse genetic background to be 19.0 +/- 2.9 using the ovarian teratoma mapping method, a value comparable to the 15.5 +/- 4.8 reported earlier. On the same genetic background in a backcross segregating for Rb9, the Gpi-1-Ldh-1 recombination percentage was 7.1 +/- 1.6. Another backcross, without the Rb9 translocation but utilizing a different genetic background, produced a recombination percentage for the Gpi-1-Ldh-1 interval of 10.7 +/- 1.5, a value similar to that obtained in the Rb-containing cross. These results suggest that either the recombination suppression in the centromere area caused by Rb9 does not extend to the Gpi-1-Ldh-1 genetic region or, if it does, that the differing genetic backgrounds of these two crosses influence recombination. No recombinants were detected among 410 offspring produced from a backcross mating segregating for Ldh-1 and ru-2 (ruby-eye-2). Thus, the gene order of Ldh-1 and ru-2 on chromosome 7 remains uncertain. PMID- 3209851 TI - Linkage of Nat and Es-1 in the mouse and development of strains congenic for N acetyltransferase. AB - The human polymorphism in the hepatic enzyme N-acetyltransferase (NAT) affects the rate at which individuals acetylate, and in many cases detoxify, aromatic amine and hydrazine drugs and xenobiotics. Differences in NAT activity are known to affect individual susceptibility to drug toxicities and are thought to play a part in some spontaneous disorders. A mouse model for the human acetylation polymorphism has been previously characterized and involves the A/J (slow acetylator) and C57BL/6J (rapid acetylator) inbred strains. Strain distribution analysis of 40 A x B and B x A recombinant inbred (RI) strains indicated linkage between the N-acetyltransferase gene (Nat) and the esterase 1 (Es-1) gene, located on mouse chromosome 8. A double backcross involving 107 animals confirmed the recombination frequency between Nat and Es-1 to be 12 +/- 3% (mean +/- SE). The information obtained in the backcross and RI studies was combined, yielding a 13 +/- 2.8% (mean +/- SD) recombination frequency. The Es-1 genotype was determined in our newly developed congenic strains A.B6-Natr and B6.A-Nats. The B6.A-Nats strain has the Es-1 genotype of its inbred partner, the B6 strain, and the A.B6-Natr strain has the Es-1 genotype of the donor strain. These congenic strains will be important in determining the role of the NAT genotype in susceptibility to arylamine-induced cancer and other disorders. PMID- 3209853 TI - Medical museum notes. PMID- 3209852 TI - Linkage relationships of seven enzyme and two pigmentation loci in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. AB - Crossing experiments with inbred stocks of the snail (Biomphalaria glabrata) demonstrated that variants at two loci determining pigmentation and seven enzyme determining loci exhibited normal Mendelian segregation ratios in F2 progeny. Among 39 pairwise comparisons for joint segregation, there was evidence of genetic linkage between a locus controlling mantle pigmentation (S) and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Pgd) and confirmation of a previously described linkage between esterase-2 (Est-2) and catalase (Cat). Recombination fractions were estimated to be 17 +/- 4 for S-Pgd and 33 +/- 5 for Est-2-Cat. The remaining five loci--Acon-1, Pgm-1, Lap-1, Lap-2, and Pgd--assorted independently. This brings to 17 the number of loci examined for segregation and assortment in this medically important species. As Biomphalaria has a chromosome number n = 18, markers should soon be available for most or all of the linkage groups. PMID- 3209854 TI - Lung barotrauma in the ICU. PMID- 3209855 TI - CT findings in coexistent Paget's disease and multiple myeloma. PMID- 3209857 TI - Systemic fungal infections: diagnosis and treatment I. PMID- 3209856 TI - Radiology clinic. Burkitt's lymphoma of the ileum. PMID- 3209858 TI - Fine structure of the A-band in cryo-sections. Diversity of M-band structure in chicken breast muscle. AB - Electron micrographs of longitudinal ultrathin cryo-sections and plastic sections of chicken pectoralis muscle together with their average images have been used to study in detail the axial structure of the M-band. It was found that M-band structure could vary markedly in different fibres, even within the white part of the muscle. Strong M-band density ("M-bridges") could be seen at M4 and M4' in all fibres. On the other hand the density at M1 or M6 could vary systematically. Some fibres (probably fast) had M1 strong, M6 weak (a "3-line" M-band), and the Z band was narrow. Other fibres, especially (but not exclusively) in the red part of the muscle and probably slow, had M6 strong, M1 weak (a "4-line" M-band), and the Z-band was broad. However, the majority of fibres ranged in structure between those two extremes and had a more or less "5-line" M-band with M1 and M6 both strong and a Z-band of intermediate width. Since they were such a constant feature, the M4 lines may be the sites of the primarily structural component of the M-band, whereas the different proteins at M1 and M6 may vary in quantity according to the physiological needs of the fibre. Finally, detailed analysis sometimes revealed substructure within the strong M-bridge lines. This substructure may represent additional unknown M-band proteins or may be an indication of the shape of single proteins at these positions. PMID- 3209859 TI - Changes in the distribution of intramembranous particles and filipin-sterol complexes during epididymal maturation of golden hamster spermatozoa. AB - Golden hamster spermatozoa in various segments of the excurrent duct system were studied by freeze-fracture with and without filipin treatment. Two types of regular IMP (intramembranous particle) patterns temporarily appear on the plasma membrane covering the sperm head. One is a hexagonal arrangement seen in the acrosomal region, and the other is a linear arrangement near the posterior ring. Both patterns are seen in the spermatozoa from the corpus epididymidis. The FSC (filipin-sterol complex) density in the plasma membrane covering the acrosome increases from about 400 to 500 FSC/microns2 during epididymal passage. In this region, the majority of the membrane sterols appears to reside on the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer. When the spermatozoa reach the cauda epididymidis, FSCs in the outer acrosomal membrane virtually disappear from the apical segment, while they increase in the middle segment (250 FSC/microns2). These observations are discussed in relation to epididymal maturation. PMID- 3209860 TI - The ultrastructure of fiber cells in primate lenses: a model for studying membrane senescence. AB - We have compared the surface morphology of the youngest (cortical) fiber cells with that of the most senescent (nuclear) fiber cells in monkey and baboon crystalline lenses by stereo scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thick-section stereo transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both the broad and the narrow faces of the most senescent fiber cells featured distinctive, polygonal areas (domains) of furrowed cell membrane. The domains ranged in size from 2.42 to 8.78 microns2. Stereopair SEM and TEM micrographs demonstrated precisely oriented microvilli measuring approximately 0.14 micron in diameter and ranging in length from 1.27 to 4.65 microns overlying each ridge in the domains. Formation of microvilli on senescent cells has been noted in other types of aging cells but they are imprecisely arranged and their function is unknown. Since every fiber cell remains in a fixed location (relative to other fiber cells) throughout life, the lens provides a unique model to study structure-function relationships of senescent microvilli in situ. The discovery of an age-related elaboration of numerous microvilli on senescent fiber cells of noncataractous lenses invalidates the currently accepted theory that close, parallel apposition of the broad faces of lens fiber cells is necessary for the lens to be transparent. PMID- 3209862 TI - International Symposium on Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects. October 24-25, 1986, Padova, Italy. PMID- 3209861 TI - The cell wall structure of a magnesium-dependent halobacterium, Halobacterium volcanii CD-2, from the Dead Sea. AB - Cell wall preparations from the magnesium-dependent halophilic bacterium, Halobacterium volcanii, were studied by high-resolution electron microscopy complemented with image analysis and processing. For ultrastructural studies, specimens were prepared by a variety of methods, including negative staining, and metal shadowing after air-drying, freeze-drying, or freeze-fracturing and etching. All methods revealed the cell wall to be composed of a near-hexagonal lattice of unit cells having a center-to-center spacing of 15.5 nm. While negatively stained samples yielded two types variably revealed the unit cell to be composed of six protomers surrounding a central mass depression. This low resolution unit cell morphology appears very similar to that of other bacterial cell wall S-layers studied to date. PMID- 3209863 TI - Ribonucleases and deoxyribonucleases in pancreatic cancer: clinical value and pathophysiological interrelationships. AB - In this study we evaluated some pathophysiological aspects of pancreatic and liver ribonucleases and alkaline deoxyribonuclease and their clinical usefulness in diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic RNase was found to be a sensitive index of pancreatic malignancy; however it was not specific in distinguishing pancreatic malignancy from chronic pancreatitis or other pathologies. Liver RNase and alkaline DNase did not provide better results than pancreatic RNase. These three enzymes were found to be age-dependent and related to each other. Therefore serum nucleases are not useful for clinical purposes since they are influenced, at least in part, by different non-specific factors. PMID- 3209864 TI - Limits of CEA and ferritin in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. AB - In this paper the clinical usefulness of CEA and ferritin in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was pointed out. CEA was found to be increased in 51% of patients with pancreatic cancer; it was also abnormal in 22% of chronic pancreatitis and 31% of extra-pancreatic diseases. In patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer CEA was found to be more elevated than in those with localized tumor. CEA correlated with the age of the subjects in all material; in liver cirrhosis with IgG and in extra-pancreatic gastro-intestinal malignancies with alkaline-phosphatase. Ferritin was found to be increased in 73% of pancreatic cancer patients; it was also abnormal in 40% of chronic pancreatitis and in 38% of extra-pancreatic diseases. Patients with chronic pancreatitis studied during a relapsing phase all had elevated serum ferritin. We can conclude that neither CEA nor ferritin are useful indices of pancreatic malignancy, due to the lack of sensitivity or specificity. Both are influenced by several factors: CEA mainly by age and liver dysfunction, ferritin by the presence of an acute inflammation with cell necrosis. PMID- 3209865 TI - CA 19-9 in serum and pancreatic juice: its role in the differential diagnosis of resectable pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis. AB - The diagnostic role of serum and pancreatic juice CA 19-9 determination in discriminating surgically resectable pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis was investigated. Only in about one third of cancer patients the serum assay was diagnostic versus subjects with chronic pancreatitis. None of 5 patients with 'early' pancreatic cancer had a diagnostic score [greater than 120 U/ml]. Conversely, the determination of CA 19-9 content in pure pancreatic juice, expressed as Units per microgram of protein, discriminated all the 15 patients with operable tumors, including those with early carcinoma, from subjects with chronic pancreatitis. The CA 19-9 assay of pancreatic juice is proposed as a reliable marker of cancer in those patients in whom the ERCP pattern is not definitive for malignancy. PMID- 3209866 TI - Pancreatic cancer: CT scan. AB - The results of 72 cases of histologically confirmed pancreatic neoplasm are reviewed. By applying a semeiological scheme, which considers intra and extrapancreatic alterations, it is shown that the possibility of a pre-invasive diagnosis on CT is still limited, and requires further confirmation. CT examination is unique for demonstrating the extension of the lesion, and provides truly probative findings for a specific diagnosis, especially when signs of direct local or distant invasion appear. PMID- 3209867 TI - Pancreatic carcinoma, diagnostic ERCP. AB - Fifty-three patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Thirty-eight patients had pancreatic disease, diagnosed on the basis of surgical and/or instrumental-clinical findings, and consisted of 17 cases of carcinoma (group A), 10 cases of chronic pancreatitis with benign stenosis of the pancreatic duct (group B), and 11 cases of chronic pancreatitis without stenosis (group C). Linear discriminant analysis was employed to evaluate differential diagnosis data relative to secondary pancreatic ducts. With this method, 16/17 patients (94%) were correctly assigned to group A (high sensitivity), 7/8 patients (88%) to group B, and 7/10 patients (70%) to group C. A readily found radiological sign, such as abrupt and/or irregular stenosis of the pancreatic duct enables the correct diagnosis of carcinoma, but while this criterion is highly specific, it is poorly sensitive. If a clearly neoplastic stenosis of the main duct is not present, an analysis of the secondary ducts is determinant. PMID- 3209868 TI - Cytology in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. AB - The study of cytology in duodenal and/or pure pancreatic juice has been proposed in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. In our experience the sensitivity of cytology in duodenal juice, collected during Secretin Cholecystokinin test, in diagnosing pancreatic cancer was 66.6%. False positive results were obtained only rarely (1.4%) in patients with chronic pancreatitis and benign diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The cytological evaluation of pure pancreatic juice, obtained by ERCP, increases sensitivity up to 80-90%, especially when the combination of the results of ERCP and cytology is performed. Cytological examination of duodenal and/or pure pancreatic juice is a useful tool in detecting pancreatic malignancy and in differential diagnosis with chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 3209870 TI - [Preoperative evaluation of left atrial thrombi with computed tomography in mitral stenosis]. PMID- 3209869 TI - Systemic involvement in pancreatic damage: coagulation and fibrinolysis. PMID- 3209871 TI - [The results of clinical application of myocardial antimony pH monitor in 50 patients underwent open heart surgery--their evaluation by multivariate analysis]. PMID- 3209872 TI - [Intraoperative assessment of left ventricular systolic function utilizing end systolic pressure-volume relationship in patients with open heart surgery]. PMID- 3209873 TI - [Complication of thoracic surgery in the aged and their prevention]. PMID- 3209875 TI - [Afterloading interstitial brachytherapy combined with external radiation and surgery in the treatment of locally far-advanced lung cancer and esophageal cancer]. PMID- 3209874 TI - [Clinical features and prognosis of thymoma and thymic carcinoma]. PMID- 3209876 TI - [Prediction of postpneumonectomy pulmonary function using perfusion lung scanning]. PMID- 3209877 TI - [Induction of cardiac arrest before cold storage in Collins' solution--important role of the cardioplegic solution]. PMID- 3209878 TI - [The study of red cell deformability during cardiopulmonary bypass and the effect of prostaglandin E1]. PMID- 3209879 TI - [Regional and global right ventricular function and its relations to operative procedures late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 3209880 TI - [The effect of magnesium containing cardioplegia by kinetic analysis of calcium and magnesium in myocardial tissue]. PMID- 3209881 TI - [Median sternotomy in resection of bilateral multiple metastatic lung tumors]. PMID- 3209882 TI - [The quality of life after cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3209883 TI - [Multiple internal mammary artery bypass grafting for coronary revascularization]. PMID- 3209884 TI - [A successful case of surgical treatment of postinfarction pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle]. PMID- 3209885 TI - [A successfully-treated case of graft-versus-host disease after mitral value replacement]. PMID- 3209886 TI - [The effect of steroid therapy in giant cell aortitis confirmed by reoperation--a case report]. PMID- 3209887 TI - [Successful emergency embolectomy and inferior vena cava ligation in acute pulmonary embolism--a case report]. PMID- 3209888 TI - [Two cases of esophagectomy without thoracotomy in benign esophageal disease]. PMID- 3209889 TI - [Successful treatment of giant bulla by drainage with balloon catheter]. PMID- 3209890 TI - [Effect of ultrasound stimulation on ventricular function in isolated perfused rat heart--effect of ultrasound in ischemic whole hearts]. PMID- 3209891 TI - [Effect of left ventricular assist device on myocardial ischemic injury--analysis of epicardial mapping electrocardiography and myocardial regional blood flow]. PMID- 3209892 TI - [Experimental study of renal blood flow and renal function during LVAD assistance]. PMID- 3209893 TI - [An experimental study of cardioplegic solution containing papaverine hydrochloride in rat hearts]. PMID- 3209895 TI - [Assessment of regional myocardial ischemia by thermocardiography in the dog]. PMID- 3209894 TI - [Antithrombogenic therapy by use of antiplatelet agents with warfarin--its efficiency for the outpatients with prosthetic valve]. PMID- 3209896 TI - [Predisposing factors and prognosis in multiple organ failure after surgery of acquired cardiac disease]. PMID- 3209897 TI - [Prediction of postoperative lung function after pulmonary resection]. PMID- 3209898 TI - [Lymph node dissection of carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus: has prognosis of patients with esophageal carcinoma been improved by lymph node dissection?]. PMID- 3209899 TI - [Comparison of cerebral circulation and metabolism between hypothermic low flow perfusion and circulatory arrest]. PMID- 3209900 TI - [A surgical case of ventricular septal defect (Kirklin type IV) associated with mitral regurgitation]. PMID- 3209901 TI - [Modified Fontan operation in a case of single right ventricle with common atrium and mitral atresia]. PMID- 3209903 TI - [A case of re-expansion pulmonary edema during thoracotomy due to gigantic tumor of the chest wall]. PMID- 3209902 TI - [A case report of successful reoperation of aneurysm developed subsequently to Bentall operation]. PMID- 3209904 TI - [Detection of aortic valve ring abscess by intraoperative epicardial two dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 3209905 TI - [Solitary plasmacytoma of the thorax: report of two cases]. PMID- 3209906 TI - [Chronic traumatic thoracic aortic aneurysm: experience of 2 cases]. PMID- 3209908 TI - [Criteria for elective irradiation of postoperative patients with stage 1b cervical cancer and radical hysterectomy without pelvic peritonealization]. AB - One hundred and sixty cases of cervical carcinoma have been treated surgically for the last 8 years. The numbers of cases of stage 0, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3 and 4 were 55, 14, 45, 15, 16, 10 and 1, respectively. Simple or extended hysterectomy without lymphadenectomy was performed for stage 0 and 1a cases, radical hysterectomy for stage 1b, 2a and 2b cases, and staging laparotomy for stage 3 and 4 cases. Before July, 1976, postoperative irradiation had been applied only for stage 1b, 2a, 2b cases with evidence of histological lymph node metastasis. Since two cases of vaginal stump recurrence were encountered during this period, irradiation was performed for all cases with a tumor size greater than 1cm in diameter, or with infiltration reaching half of the cervical wall thereafter. Three year comulative survival rates (3YCSR) for stage 0, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b groups were 100%, 90%, 90.6%, 84.6%, 79.5%, 60% and 55.5%, respectively. In stage 1b group, there was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the 3YCSR between the cases with lymph node involvement (65.6%) and without it (96.2%). There was no significant difference in the factors indicating postoperative outcomes (the period for recovery of urinary functions, the incidence of ileus and the fever index) between the cases with and without pelvic peritonealization at the time of radical hysterectomy. PMID- 3209907 TI - [Pulsatile secretion of prolactin during the human menstrual cycle]. AB - Recent investigations have demonstrated the pulsatile nature of prolactin (PRL) secretion and the synchronous relationship between PRL and LH pulses in normal and hypogonadal women. The present study was designed to confirm this synchrony and to investigate the characteristics of PRL pulses at different stages of the menstrual cycle. Blood samples were obtained at 10-min intervals beginning at 1000 h for a duration of 4-7 h in women during the follicular (n = 11), preovulatory LH surge (n = 2) and luteal phases (n = 10). Detectable pulses in plasma PRL concentrations were present in almost all subjects during the each phase of the cycle. During the total 121 h-blood sampling throughout the three phases, 62 PRL pulses and 74 LH pulses were detected and about 80% of these PRL pulses were observed to coincide with LH pulses. The mean (+/- SD) pulse frequency of PRL was significantly lower during the luteal phase (0.28 +/- 0.17 pulses/h) than during the follicular (0.64 +/- 0.25 pulses/h) and preovulatory phases (0.72 +/- 0.16 pulses/h). The mean pulse amplitude of PRL was significantly greater during the luteal phase (6.8 +/- 2.3 ng/ml) than during the follicular (3.6 +/- 1.2 ng/ml) and preovulatory phases (4.8 +/- 1.4 ng/ml). These changes in pulse frequency and amplitude were also observed in LH pulses between the follicular and luteal phases, except during the LH surge when LH pulse amplitude increased markedly, whereas that of PRL did not alter. Further, a positive linear correlation between the pulse frequency of PRL and LH (r = 0.74; p less than 0.001) was found throughout the three phases of the cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209909 TI - [Evaluation of the fetal movements and accelerations of fetal heart rate in twin pregnancy]. AB - In twin pregnancy, the fetal heart rates (FHR) of each fetus and uterine contraction were recorded simultaneously on a single recording chart by two cardiotocographs and a linear multichannel recorder. In addition, with a new technique, FHR and fetal movement (FM) signal bursts for each fetus were recorded similarly on a single recording chart by two ultrasonic Doppler actographs and an electronic polyrecorder. Simultaneous nonstress tests were done for 32 sets of twins at 28 to 41 weeks' gestation. The observed acceleration number in every gestational week increased till 38 weeks and this result was similar to that in singletons. Completely synchronous acceleration patterns in the 2 fetuses were observed in 654 recordings (31.4%) and asynchronous acceleration patterns in 1,108 recordings (53.1%). Simultaneous FHR and FM signal burst recordings were performed in 7 twin pregnancies. In about half of the 1,535 recordings, the FM signal bursts were synchronous between 2 fetuses, whereas they were asynchronous in the other half. Synchronous FM bursts in each gestational week decreased with time. Neurological independency between the twins was suggested by the results. The synchronous appearance of FM signal bursts with FHR accelerations of 2 fetuses was more pronounced in a uniovular twin than in a biovular twin. PMID- 3209910 TI - [Clinical evaluation of contact Nd.YAG laser therapy of dysplasia and early cancer of the uterine cervix]. AB - For the past four years, cone and cone with cautery have been carried out by the contact Nd.YAG laser method after diagnosis with colpo.cervicoscopy in 174 cases of dysplasia and early cancer of the uterine cervix. The subjects were 82 patients with dysplasia, 75 patients with carcinoma in situ and 17 patients with microinvasive carcinoma. The cure rate based on the follow up for 6 to 50 months was 97.7%. There were 7 (4.1%) residual cases, 6 with residual mild dysplasia that required a follow up. Three cases with mild dysplasia disappeared during a follow up. In the remaining case, a semiradical hysterectomy was performed owing to Ib"occ" (8mm). Postoperative histological findings confirmed 76.2% of the preoperative findings; the rate of underdiagnosis was 23.8%. The rates of incomplete excision and underdiagnosis decreased in the cases where preoperative biopsy findings agreed with or overestimated cytologic and colpo.cervicoscopic findings. The results suggest that the laser cone is very useful as conservative therapy for early cervical neoplasia, and the cone specimen can be used to evaluate the success of the therapy and to improve future preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 3209911 TI - [Distribution of oncotrophoblast antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies]. AB - In order to analyze Oncotrophoblast antigen, I used monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) TM7-3 and TM3-8, which demonstrated a very strong reaction with choriocarcinoma, particularly cytotrophoblast-like tumor cells, in spite of a very weak reaction in normal chorionic villi. I examined their reaction with other tumors of non trophoblastic origin. Those examined were 58 malignant cases, 2 low-potential malignant cases and 14 benign cases. Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase stainings show that 1) TM7-3 and TM3-8 had similar patterns of distribution. 2) In various normal tissues tested, only a part of the urinary tubules of the kidneys and the duct of the pancreas reacted with these MoAbs. 3) In various neoplastic tissues, ovarian serous cancer (3/6), ovarian clear cell cancer (3/3), ovarian undifferentiated cancer (2/2) and well differentiated uterine corpus cancer (3/3) showed a positive reaction with TM7-3 and TM3-8. On the other hand, no uterine cervical squamous cell cancer (0/20) showed a positive reaction. These results suggest that TM7-3 and TM3-8 may be valuable for research on the relationship between the oncotrophoblast antigen and adenocarcinoma of the ovary. PMID- 3209912 TI - [Development of gamete intrafallopian transfer with preincubated preovulatory oocytes (new GIFT) and analysis of clinical data]. AB - We developed a new treatment, Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer with the preincubated oocyte (New GIFT) and applied this method to all kinds of infertility where the patient had at least one tube. We performed 114 New GIFTs and dealt with the factors which influenced the establishment of pregnancy. 1. The pregnancy rate was 37%/cycles (42/114), 42%/patients (42/100) and the abortion rate was 19% (8/42). These results show that the New GIFT was more efficient than the original GIFT. 2. The most important factor for the establishment of pregnancy among the semen parameters was sperm motility, especially at the time of insemination. The pregnancy rate increased as sperm motility became higher. The sperm count did not influence the pregnancy rate significantly except in severe cases of oligozoospermia. 3. The most important factor in oocyte assessment was the number of mature oocytes. The number of oocytes in the pregnant group was much more than that in the nonpregnant group, but the total number of follicles in the pregnant group was found to be from 3 to 7 follicles. No pregnancy occurred when the number of follicles was greater than 11. These results suggested that existence an optimum number of oocytes. Conditions of the corona-cumulus component complex closely related to the establishment of pregnancy. The pregnancy rate was about 60% when more than 2C ( ) oocytes (almost all cumulus cells were dispersed) were transferred, but it was only 5% when only C (+) oocytes (hardly any cumulus cells were dispersed) were transferred. 4. The most effective luteal support regimen was the pill. The administration of progesterone induced a high percentage of abortions. PMID- 3209913 TI - Triglycerides and apoproteins in toxemia of pregnancy. AB - In order to clarify the mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia caused by toxemia of pregnancy, apoprotein B, CII, CIII, and E in serum were determined by single radial immunodiffusion, and apoprotein CIII0, CII, CIII1 and CIII2 in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fractionated by ultracentrifugation were quantified by analytical isoelectric focusing. The increase in triglycerides in toxemia of pregnancy was estimated in VLDL and low density lipoprotein (LDL), mainly in VLDL. In contrast to the increase in triglycerides, apoprotein B and E, believed to interact with LDL receptors on cell membranes, remained unchanged from levels in normal pregnancy. The lack of correlation between triglycerides and these apoproteins may be related to the increase in triglyceride in VLDL. In toxemia of pregnancy, the relative amounts of apoprotein CII, an activator of lipoprotein lipase, and CIII, an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase, in serum were similar to those in normal pregnancy, but those in VLDL decreased significantly. This finding suggests that the increase in triglyceride in VLDL was caused by inhibition of VLDL to LDL catabolism. These results suggest that one of the factors which causes hypertriglyceridemia in toxemia of pregnancy is impaired removal of triglyceride, in LDL fraction, but mainly in VLDL fraction. PMID- 3209914 TI - A preliminary study of a combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, adriamycin and cisplatin for endometrial carcinoma. AB - Seven patients with uterine endometrial carcinoma received a postoperative combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide (1g/m2) daily for 5 days, and adriamycin (50mg/m2) and cisplatin (50mg/m2) on day 1 (IAP). All except one patient with the disease without myometrial invasion received 5 courses or more of IAP treatment. Of four patients with measurable disease, three achieved complete response (CR) and the other patient obtained partial response (PR), indicating a 100% response rate. In the PR case, the patient had previously been treated by radiation treatment for cervical cancer, and the histology of the tumor was papillary serous adenocarcinoma, a malignant variant of endometrial cancer. Six patients underwent second look operation following the planned IAP treatment courses, and the operation confirmed no pathological evidence of disease in any, although in one disease recurred 7 months after the second laparotomy. Side effects were remarkable, including an 87% incidence of grade 4 leucopenia. However, the patients recovered spontaneously from the hematologic toxicity within 3 weeks of treatment. Other toxic effects including central nervous system toxicity were controllable and acceptable. The results indicated that IAP combination therapy was feasible and promising in the management of patients with endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 3209915 TI - Detection of anti-idiotypic antibody responsible for immunological maintenance of pregnancy. PMID- 3209916 TI - [Intraarterial infusion of oncostasis in patients with advanced cervical adenocarcinoma--two case reports]. PMID- 3209917 TI - [A case of aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva]. PMID- 3209918 TI - [Treatment of advanced cervical cancer with sequential administration of OK-432]. PMID- 3209919 TI - [Limit of conservative surgery based on significance of extrapleural parasternal node dissection and intramammary cancer residuals after excisional biopsy in breast cancer]. PMID- 3209920 TI - [Remote afterloading transurethral radiotherapy of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 3209921 TI - [Indications for urethrectomy in male patients undergoing radical cystectomy in bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 3209922 TI - Glucocorticoid enhances alkylating agent-induced fragmentation of DNA through suppression of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in L-1210 cells. PMID- 3209923 TI - [Application of logistic model to clinical research]. PMID- 3209925 TI - Changes in lysosomal enzyme activities recognized in granulocytes from patients with carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3209924 TI - [Experimental study of the antitumor effect of Z-100 in the treatment of MM 46 tumor transplanted in C3H/He mice. 1. Effect of long-term administration of Z 100]. PMID- 3209926 TI - [New multimodal therapy of unresectable esophageal cancer]. PMID- 3209927 TI - [Results and postoperative function of oral cancer patients treated by surgery with immediate reconstruction]. PMID- 3209928 TI - [Effective progestogen therapy of endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma by administration of a combined progestogen-estrogen preparation]. PMID- 3209929 TI - [Reevaluation by Gleason grading in the cases with prostatic cancer]. PMID- 3209930 TI - [Significance of total hysterectomy in uterine cervical cancer of local recurrence in the cervix after radiotherapy]. PMID- 3209931 TI - [Clinical and pathological study of lymphography of carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 3209932 TI - Grommets and cholesteatoma in children. AB - Cholesteatoma in children may be a sequel to chronic exudative otitis media with tympanic membrane retraction but the role of grommets in the possible facilitation of squamous epithelial invasion into the middle ear is not yet clear. A retrospective study was made of the history and prior treatment in 25 children who underwent mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma at St. Mary's Hospital between 1975 and 1986. Thirteen patients had undergone previous middle ear aeration procedures which included myringotomy, cortical mastoidectomy and grommets. There was no difference in the site or severity of cholesteatoma in the operated and non-operated cases. Of the seven patients with a history of multiple grommets three had primarily attic, and three had primarily mesotympanic disease. The latter had greater ossicular erosion. One patient with an intact tympanic membrane had grommet insertion subsequently developed a cholesteatoma. While cholesteatoma due directly to the presence of grommets is rare, it appears that children who require multiple grommet insertions constitute a high risk group and should be very closely monitored. PMID- 3209933 TI - Cholesteatoma in children. AB - Of 325 previously untreated cholesteatomas, 109 were found to be in children 13 years old and younger--however, these 109 ears were not found to consist of one clinical entity. Sixty-three of the 109 ears presented a marginal perforation or a retraction pocket, at the level of Shrapnell's membrane or beyond the postero superior quadrant. In this group the cholesteatoma was distributed mainly in the attic and mastoid and was associated with a non-cellular mastoid. A second group comprising 31 ears presented with cholesteatoma behind an intact drum and were considered to be primary cholesteatomas. These were distributed mostly in the tympanic cavity as cystic epidermoid formations--their mastoid was usually pneumatized. Eight cholesteatomas were related to a central perforation. These ears presented features very similar to the primary cholesteatomas i.e., a pneumatized mastoid and tympanic cavity distribution. The similar features of this group make us think that they may have also originated as primary cholesteatomas which eventually perforated and bring the percentage of primary cholesteatomas in children to 38.3%. Seven of the 109 ears with cholesteatoma were of an indeterminate character. PMID- 3209934 TI - Acute epiglottis in children and adults. Nasotracheal intubation, tracheostomy or careful observation? Current status in Scandinavia. AB - A review was performed of the treatment of 92 patients with acute epiglottitis with special reference to the different procedures employed in children and adults. Intubation was performed in 74 per cent of the children but in only six per cent of the adults. More than half of the children were initially observed only, but of these 58 per cent eventually needed intubation. No deaths occurred. We present our management protocol as well as a survey of the routine management of acute epiglottitis in children in the five Scandinavian countries. The number of initially observed patients ranged from nil per cent in Iceland to 35 per cent in Finland. When an artificial airway is needed, 92-100 per cent of the patients are intubated, 0-8 per cent tracheostomized, and 0-5 per cent one or the other, as a standard procedure. Tracheostomy is performed in departments where the facilities do not permit sufficient observation of patients treated by intubation. PMID- 3209935 TI - Acute epiglottitis in adults (the Singapore experience). AB - Acute epiglottitis in adults is a potentially fatal but self-limiting disease of increasing incidence world-wide. Forty-two patients, seen consecutively over a four year period at the ENT Department, Singapore General Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. A strong male predominance with a peak age incidence in the sixth decade was noted. A severe sore throat and dysphagia with disproportionate signs of oropharyngeal inflammation was the main presenting picture. Only three patients had stridor on presentation. Vigilant monitoring of the airway with empirical high-dose intravenous ampicillin, cloxacillin and steroids resulted in a dramatic clinical improvement in most patients and none developed stridor after admission. The yield from throat swabs and blood cultures were low. Two patients developed complications, a Ludwigs angina and an epiglottic abscess. Recurrent epiglottitis was a problem in one patient. There was low morbidity and no mortality on the management regime outlined. PMID- 3209936 TI - Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: a 10 year study. AB - Sixty cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in both children and adults treated over a 10 year period were reviewed. An unexpected finding was that nine of the 60 patients (15 per cent) had symptoms by two months of age; an earlier onset than previously described. The control rate was 66 per cent for paediatric onset patients and 44 per cent with adult onset; the former required more operations. No anaesthetic deaths or complications were encountered. Glottic webs were the only surgical complication. The findings confirm that there is no relationship between puberty and the rate of control or recurrence. The necessity for precise and comprehensive endoscopic examination of the upper aerodigestive tract using a range of endoscopes and rigid telescopes under general anaesthetic is emphasized. PMID- 3209937 TI - Laryngo-tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies in children. AB - Inhalation of a foreign body into the respiratory passage can be a serious and sometimes fatal childhood accident. In this paper we analyse the management of 223 children with laryngo-tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies. Children below three years of age were found to be the most vulnerable. The majority of the patients were boys. Over a quarter of the patients did not present with a history of inhalation. Only 52 per cent reported within 24 hours of inhalation. Endoscopic removal was possible in all but nine cases. One hundred and forty eight (66.4 per cent) of the recovered foreign bodies were organic in origin, the majority of them being peanuts. In one hundred and five (47.1 per cent) the objects found their way into the right bronchial tree. There were two deaths. The modalities of diagnosis and management are discussed. PMID- 3209938 TI - Teratoma of the mastoid region in a newborn. AB - Teratomas are congenital tumours arising from pluripotent cells and usually consisting of tissue arising from all 3 embryonic germ layers. Teratomas are quite uncommon in head and neck sites and to date only 150 such cases have been reported. A rare case of teratoma of the mastoid region in a newborn is reported. The method of diagnosis and treatment are discussed and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 3209939 TI - Gardner's syndrome presenting with proptosis. PMID- 3209940 TI - Pritt Tak: another hazard of grommets and swimming. AB - There is argument about whether, whilst swimming, water should be excluded from ears which have middle ear ventilation tubes in place in the tympanic membrane. The adhesive putty substance BLU-TACK (registered Trade Mark, Bostik Ltd, Leicester, England, LE4 6BW) has been suggested as an effective ear plug for this purpose. A case is described in which an alternative adhesive putty substance was used as a waterproof plug. The result was that the plug became semi-solid and impossible to remove without the use of micro instruments and removal would have required general anaesthetic in a less co-operative patient. Patients should be warned of this risk. PMID- 3209941 TI - Rare mid-line congenital anomalies of the face. AB - Three rare cases of congenital anomalies (mid-line nasal proboscis, subintegumental mid-line cleft lip and congenital palatoglossal synechia) are presented with their management. The embryological considerations of these cases are discussed. PMID- 3209942 TI - Nasal lipoma. PMID- 3209943 TI - Osteopetrosis (marble bone disease)--agenesis of paranasal sinuses. AB - A case of Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease) in a child is presented. Agenesis (non-pneumatization) of all paranasal sinuses has been one of the salient features in this case. PMID- 3209944 TI - Spontaneous passage of a submandibular salivary calculus in a child. AB - Inflammatory salivary disease in childhood is an infrequent clinical entity. That associated with sialolithiasis is rare. We report a case of a child with spontaneous passage of a submandibular calculus. We believe she represents the youngest patient documented to demonstrate the phenomenon. PMID- 3209945 TI - Intractable aspiration in a young child and its surgical management. AB - Intractable aspiration is a life-threatening condition. The problems encountered in a young child with severe intractable aspiration due to bilateral bulbar palsy following the surgical removal of a cerebellar astrocytoma are described. The various options of surgical treatment are discussed and Sasaki's technique of triple layer closure of the larynx using a superiorly based sternohyoid muscle flap is outlined in detail. PMID- 3209946 TI - Hyperextension fracture of the hyoid bone. AB - A case of hyperextension fracture of the hyoid bone is presented. The management is discussed, with reference to the mode of injury, emphasising that symptomatic treatment only may be necessary. The literature is briefly reviewed. PMID- 3209947 TI - Tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesion of the head and neck. AB - The term tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesion is used to describe an unusual fibrosclerosing disorder that behaves in a malignant way clinically but is histologically benign. Lesions in the head and neck are believed to be part of the broader fibrosclerosing syndrome which include pseudotumour of the orbit, Reidel's thyroiditis, sclerosing cholangitis and mediastinal fibrosis. Clinical diagnosis is often difficult and relies heavily on histopathology. Steroid therapy is suggested as the first line of management, while surgery or radiation therapy is reserved for failures. PMID- 3209948 TI - Toothbrush: an unusual foreign body in ENT practice. AB - The toothbrush is an unusual foreign body in ENT practice. Three cases of impacted toothbrushes are presented. PMID- 3209950 TI - Prognostic factors in otitis media with effusion. AB - To determine which factors were associated with recurrence of otitis media with effusion following grommet insertion, the casenotes of 323 children who had a total of 485 operations for grommet insertion were reviewed. The incidence of repeat surgery was higher in those aged between four and six years, in those having grommet insertion between the months of July and October and in those cases in which the grommet was extruded within six months. Recurrence was not related to sex of the patient, month of listing for surgery, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, length of time on the waiting list or past history of previous grommet insertion. PMID- 3209949 TI - BERA in the diagnosis of deafness in children. A retrospective survey of its use in a district general hospital. AB - Brainstem Evoked Responses have been used in the Audiology Unit in Crosshouse Hospital since it opened in 1984, and have now come to form a vital asset in our assessment and diagnosis of the hearing threshold in children. This particular survey is a retrospective study of the BERA used in determining the hearing threshold in children. The survey has been limited to the BERA performed on children from January, 1985 until December, 1986. PMID- 3209951 TI - Parental smoking and middle ear effusions in children. AB - A study was conducted on seventy children to ascertain any relationship between parental smoking and the presence of middle ear effusions in the children. Information was collected using a questionnaire, clinical examination and audiological tests. Both groups of children (with and without effusions) had similar age, sex and social class distributions. It was found that the presence of middle ear effusions in the children was associated with an increased incidence of parental smoking. Those children with an abnormal tympanometry result were more likely to have at least one parent who smoked than those with normal tympanometry results. There was no relationship between resolution of the effusion and parental smoking. It is therefore suggested that as part of the management of this condition parents should be advised of the effects of smoking on the condition and encouraged to avoid smoking in the same environment as their children. PMID- 3209952 TI - Perforations of the tympanic membrane following the use of Goode-Type 'long term' tympanostomy tubes. AB - A retrospective review of 64 Goode 'T' tube insertions is presented. These were inserted into 61 ears of 48 patients over a period of four years. At the time of review of these 61 ears, 34 tubes were found to be in situ, 27 had extruded spontaneously and three had been removed surgically. Ten ears in which the tube had been extruded or removed had central perforations of the tympanic membrane of which eight had been present for more than six months. The number of previous myringotomies or grommet insertions did not increase the likelihood of developing a perforation. Tympanostomy tubes of this type should not be used indiscriminately. PMID- 3209953 TI - Pacemakers in aggregation fields of Dictyostelium discoideum: does a single cell suffice? AB - In this paper we address the following question: can a single cell of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum serve as a pacemaker for the aggregation phase? Whether or not this is possible is determined by the relative importance of cyclic AMP production due to self-stimulation as compared to diffusion of cyclic AMP away from the cell and extracellular degradation. We determine the conditions under which a single cell on an infinite place can emit periodic signals of cyclic AMP using a model developed previously for signal relay and adaptation in Dictyostelium. Elsewhere it has been shown that this model provides an accurate representation of the stimulus-response behavior of Dictyostelium for a variety of experimental conditions. PMID- 3209954 TI - Changes in feeding and foraging patterns as an antipredator defensive strategy: a laboratory simulation using aversive stimulation in a closed economy. AB - The effects of the risk of electric shock on the meal patterns of rats living in an operant chamber were investigated. Rats could obtain food by working on a response lever that provided reinforcement according to chained fixed-ratio continuous reinforcement schedules that allowed the animals control over meal size. Using a two-compartment operant chamber with a safe nesting area and manipulanda area with a grid floor, shock could be correlated with responding on the schedule. Shocks (less than or equal to 1.25 per hour) were scheduled to occur randomly throughout the day, independent of the rat's behavior. Shock caused a reorganization of meal patterns such that the animals took less frequent but larger meals. This pattern reduced the time the animals spent at risk without compromising caloric balance. Similar changes in feeding pattern were obtained in both hooded and albino rats. Exposure to shock in a separate chamber did not produce these behavioral modifications. The magnitude of shock-induced alterations of meal patterns was greater with chained fixed-ratio 90 continuous reinforcement than with chained fixed-ratio 10 continuous reinforcement. Additionally, the rats seemed to be able to reduce food intake but increase caloric efficiency, such that the reduced food intake did not have deleterious effects on maintenance of body weight. These behavioral modifications reduced the number of shocks received from that which would have been expected if meal pattern changes had not occurred. We suggest that this technique may provide a useful laboratory simulation of the impact that the risk of predation has on foraging behavior. PMID- 3209955 TI - Pigeons' choices in situations of diminishing returns: fixed- versus progressive ratio schedules. AB - In two different discrete-trial procedures, pigeons were faced with choices between fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio schedules. The latter schedules entail diminishing returns, a feature analogous to foraging situations in the wild. In the first condition (no reset), subjects chose between a progressive-ratio schedule that increased in increments of 20 throughout a session and a fixed ratio schedule that was constant across blocks of sessions. The size of the fixed ratio was varied parametrically through an ascending and then a descending series. In the reset condition, the same fixed-ratio values were used, but each selection (and completion) of the fixed ratio reset the progressive-ratio schedule back to its minimal value. In the no-reset procedure, the pigeons tended to cease selecting the progressive ratio when it equaled or slightly exceeded the fixed-ratio value, whereas in reset, they chose the fixed ratio well in advance of that equality point. These results indicate sensitivity to molar as well as to molecular reinforcement rates, and those molar relationships are similar to predictions based on the marginal value theorem of optimal foraging theory (e.g., Charnov, 1976). However, although previous results with monkeys (Hineline & Sodetz, 1987) appeared to minimize responses per reinforcement, the present results corresponded more closely to predictions based on sums-of-reciprocals of distance from point of choice to each of the next four reinforcers. Results obtained by Hodos and Trumbule (1967) with chimpanzees in a similar procedure were intermediate between these two relationships. Variability of choices, as well as median choice points, differed between the reset and no-reset conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3209956 TI - Choice and foraging: the effects of accessibility on acceptability. AB - Pigeons responded in a successive-encounters choice procedure in which accessibility of the less profitable of two outcomes varied either in terms of probability of encounter or search time to encounter (keeping search time to the more profitable outcome constant). When the less profitable outcome was made more probable its acceptance became more likely. However, when search time to encounter the less profitable outcome was shortened, its acceptance became less likely. Both results are consistent with the delay-reduction hypothesis and with an optimality model developed for application to the successive-encounters choice procedure. PMID- 3209957 TI - Time horizons in rats: the effect of operant control of access to future food. AB - The primary goal of this experiment was to determine whether the addition of an operant requirement for access to a less costly (continuous reinforcement) patch of future food increased the time horizon over which that future patch decreased intake in a currently available depleting (progressive-ratio) patch. Three groups of 4 rats were tested. Each member of the earned-time group was required to cumulate a fixed-time outside the progressive-ratio patch to obtain access to food in the less costly patch; the fixed-time requirement ranged from 2 to 64 min. Rats in the matched-time group received response-independent access to less costly food at the average delay shown by the earned-time group. Rats in the matched-time no-food group were removed from the chamber at the same average delay without receiving access to less costly food. Two of the earned-time rats showed an increased time horizon relative to that shown by the matched-time rats (approaching 40 min for 1 rat). The other 2 earned-time rats markedly increased instrumental responding but showed suppression of intake only when food was less than 20 min away. The matched-time group showed less suppression of intake over a similar range of delay intervals. Surprisingly, the matched-time no-food animals also showed suppression of intake concentrated at the end of the session, possibly reflecting the receipt of their entire daily ration 30 min after the session. The potential importance of time horizons to the foraging process is clear, but experimenters are still working out paradigms for investigation of these horizons. PMID- 3209958 TI - A cost-benefit analysis of demand for food. AB - Laboratory studies of consumer demand theory require assumptions regarding the definition of price in the absence of a medium of exchange (money). In this study we test the proposition that the fundamental dimension of price is a cost-benefit ratio expressed as the effort expended per unit of food value consumed. Using rats as subjects, we tested the generality of this "unit price" concept by varying four dimensions of price: fixed-ratio schedule, number of food pellets per fixed-ratio completion, probability of reinforcement, and response lever weight or effort. Two levels of the last three factors were combined in a 2 x 2 x 2 design giving eight groups. Each group was studied under a series of six FR schedules. Using the nominal values of all factors to determine unit price, we found that grams of food consumed plotted as a function of unit price followed a single demand curve. Similarly, total work output (responses x effort) conformed to a single function when plotted in terms of unit price. These observations provided a template for interpreting the effects of biological factors, such as brain lesions or drugs, that might alter the cost-benefit ratio. PMID- 3209959 TI - Coping with rising food costs in a closed economy: feeding behavior and nocturnal hypothermia in pigeons. AB - The pigeon's response to increasing fixed-ratio schedules in a 24-hr closed economy is marked by changes in feeding behavior during the daily light phase and by changes in body temperature during the dark phase. The time course of these responses to increasing behavioral cost of obtaining food is very different. Feeding is most affected immediately, within the first day of exposure to moderate fixed ratios. The number of times the pigeons produce the food hopper each day decreases, and the rate at which they eat from the food hopper (grams per minute) when it is available increases, as the fixed ratio is raised. Body temperature is affected later, falling to progressively lower resting levels during the dark phase as body weight drops at the higher fixed ratios when food intake is reduced. The changes in feeding and in body temperature that occur as the fixed-ratio schedule increases seem to reduce daily energy expenditures, within the constraints imposed by the experiment. The ascending and descending limbs of the bitonic function obtained when total daily operant responding is plotted as a function of fixed-ratio schedule in the closed economy is possibly related to the occurrence of thermoregulatory strategies for energy conservation. The energetic analysis of performances in the closed economy requires consideration of a variety of energetic strategies available to the species being studied. PMID- 3209960 TI - The effects of component duration on multiple-schedule performance in closed and open economies. AB - Pigeons responded on multiple variable-interval variable-interval schedules of reinforcement in an open and a closed economy. Equal duration components were increased in duration while the component rates of reinforcement were held constant, the component schedules were reversed, and component duration was decreased. In the open economy, daily sessions were limited to 1 hr, and subjects were maintained at 80% of their free-feeding weights through supplemental feeding when necessary in their home cages. In the closed economy, subjects were housed in their experimental chambers and no deprivation regimen was enforced. Relative response rate decreased as components were lengthened in the open economy, whereas in the closed economy relative rate increased as components were lengthened. Response proportions overmatched reinforcer proportions to a greater extent at long component durations in the closed economy, but there was no systematic effect of component duration on responding in the open economy. PMID- 3209961 TI - Positive behavioral contrast across food and alcohol reinforcers. AB - The present study examined behavioral contrast during concurrent and multiple schedules that provided food and alcohol reinforcers. Concurrent-schedule contrast occurred in the responding reinforced by food when alcohol reinforcers were removed. It also occurred in the responding reinforced by alcohol when food was removed. Multiple-schedule contrast appeared for food when alcohol reinforcers were removed, but not for alcohol when food was removed. These results show that behavioral contrast may, but does not always, occur across qualitatively different reinforcers. They also show that multiple-schedule contrast may be more difficult to produce than concurrent-schedule contrast. The results have implications for a model of alcohol consumption. PMID- 3209962 TI - Conditioning of appetitive and consummatory sexual behavior in male Japanese quail. AB - Two different types of stimulus objects, a live female quail artificially adorned with bright orange feathers and an inanimate toy dog, served as conditioned stimuli. For subjects in experimental groups, the conditioned stimuli were presented shortly before access to a sexually receptive normal female quail. For subjects in control groups, exposure to the conditioned stimuli was unpaired with copulatory opportunity. Subjects in the experimental but not in the control groups quickly came to approach the location of the conditioned stimulus objects. When an adorned female quail served as the conditioned stimulus, the conditioned approach behavior was controlled by a combination of the presence of the orange adornments and the visual cues of the head and neck of the female bird, and the approach behavior persisted as the adorned female moved to new locations. When the toy dog served as the conditioned stimulus, the conditioned approach behavior was limited to the spatial cues that surrounded the toy dog during conditioning trials. Although both types of stimulus objects evoked conditioned approach behavior, only the adorned female stimulus supported copulatory behavior. This last finding indicates that copulatory behavior can become redirected toward novel stimuli as a result of conditioning, but only under special circumstances. The results are consistent with the suggestion that appetitive components of reproductive behavior are more susceptible to conditioning than consummatory components. Possible reasons for this are discussed, together with implications of the results for the contribution of conditioning processes to sexual selection. PMID- 3209964 TI - Ontogenesis of contractile properties of skeletal muscle and sprint performance in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis. AB - Ontogenetic allometries of running performance in 3- to 4-m burst runs (sprints) and of the contractile properties of the fast-twitch, glycolytic region of the iliofibularis muscle (FG-IF) were measured in Dipsosaurus dorsalis. This iguanid lizard hatches at a body mass of about 4 g and reaches adult masses of 40-70 g. Running velocity was little influenced by changes in body mass during development. Stride frequency (f) declines ontogenetically and was proportional to body mass (Mb) to approximately the -0.2 power (determined by regression analysis). Stride length (Ls) appeared to be related to the allometry of hindlimb length (LHL); both Ls and LHL were proportional to about Mb0.28. Intrinsic shortening velocity of the FG-IF decreased only slightly with increasing body mass, and was consequently not proportional to f as has been assumed by various models of running dynamics. In contrast, twitch time lengthened markedly with increasing body mass, and the ratio of twitch time to stride time remained approximately constant. These results suggest that the intrinsic velocity of the muscles does not directly or solely determine maximal f, but instead limb kinematics are determined in part by other biomechanical constraints related to body dimensions. Further, the allometry of twitch kinetics supports the idea that the properties of the muscles are adjusted to allow ample time for full activation and deactivation within the biomechanically determined stride time. PMID- 3209965 TI - Kinematics and estimated thrust production of swimming harp and ringed seals. AB - The propulsive motions of swimming harp seals (Phoca groenlandica Erxleben) and ringed seals (Phoca hispida Schreber) were studied by filming individuals in a flume. The seals swam at velocities ranging from 0.6 to 1.42 m s-1. Locomotion was accomplished with alternate lateral sweeps of the hind flippers generated by lateral flexions of the axial body in conjunction with flexion of the flippers. The frequency of the propulsive cycle increased linearly with the swimming velocity, and the maximum angle of attack of the flipper decreased, but the amplitude remained constant. The kinematics and morphology of this hind flipper motion indicated that phocid seals do not swim in the carangiform mode as categorized by Lighthill (1969), but in a distinct mode that mimics swimming by thunniform propulsors. The hind flippers acted as hydrofoils, and the efficiency, thrust power and coefficient of thrust were calculated from unsteady wing theory. The propulsive efficiency was high at approximately 0.85. The thrust power increased curvilinearly with velocity. The drag coefficient ranged from 0.012 to 0.028 and was found to be 2.8-7.0 times higher than the theoretical minimum. The drag coefficient was high compared with that of phocid seals examined during gliding or towing experiments, indicating an increased drag encumbered by actively swimming seals. It was determined that phocid seals are capable of generating sufficient power for swimming with turbulent boundary layer conditions. PMID- 3209963 TI - Control of responding by sounds of different quality: an evolutionary analysis. AB - Two experiments investigated the acquisition of discriminations between two acoustic stimuli of different quality (noise bursts vs. a 2-kHz pulsed signal) when features of the everyday environment were incorporated into the experiments. In Experiment 1, rats were trained, using food, to press a lever. Throughout all sessions, 5-s trials of noise bursts (the random stimulus) were presented, after variable intertrial intervals, through a remote speaker mounted outside the experimental enclosure. The noise burst occurred randomly with respect to reinforcement of lever pressing and had no programmed relationship to the animal's behavior. When lever pressing was established, the 2-kHz signal was presented through a speaker adjacent to the response lever according to a different set of variable intertrial intervals. A response in the presence of the 2-kHz signal terminated the trial and was reinforced. The 2-kHz signal acquired control of responding within the first few trials, whereas the random stimulus exerted no control of responding. In Experiment 2, rats were trained to press the lever in the presence of the 2-kHz signal presented through the adjacent speaker on a variable intertrial interval. After 14 sessions, 5-s trials of noise bursts (random stimulus) were presented through the remote speaker on the second variable intertrial interval. The random stimulus initially elicited exploratory behavior, which then rapidly declined. Subsequently, the random stimulus exerted no or weak control of responding. The introduction of the random stimulus had no effect on responding in the presence of the adjacent stimulus. In Experiments 3 and 4 the random stimulus was presented through the adjacent speaker, and the stimulus correlated with reinforcement was presented through the remote speaker. In both experiments, there was persistent control of responding by the random stimulus and slow development of control by the stimulus correlated with reinforcement. In Experiment 5, both stimuli were presented through the adjacent speaker. There was persistent control of responding by the random stimulus. PMID- 3209966 TI - Muscle forces during locomotion in kangaroo rats: force platform and tendon buckle measurements compared. AB - The muscle forces and stresses occurring during normal locomotor activity in kangaroo rats are compared with the peak isometric force developed by the same muscles in situ. Two methods were used simultaneously to determine the stresses (force/cross-sectional area) acting in the ankle extensors during steady-speed hopping and during jumps when animals were startled: a direct measurement using a force buckle surgically implanted around a tendon; and an indirect measurement using a force platform/cine analysis technique. We obtained essentially the same values with the two techniques. We found that at slow speeds (0.7 m s-1) the ankle extensor muscles of kangaroo rats exerted 20% of the maximum isometric force developed when the muscles were stimulated via the tibial nerve. This increased to 53% at higher speeds (1.9 m s-1). At the animals's preferred hopping speed (1.5 m s-1), peak force was approximately 40% of maximum isometric force. In jumps when animals were startled, peak forces as high as 175% of the maximal elicited isometric force were recorded. These high forces always occurred when the muscles were being stretched. It appears that kangaroo rats utilize nearly the entire range of muscle force possible during normal locomotor events (i.e. up to 175% of maximum isometric force when muscles are stretched). PMID- 3209967 TI - Preferred speeds in terrestrial vertebrates: are they equivalent? AB - Terrestrial animals have 'preferred speeds' within each gait, that are used much more frequently than others for moving along the ground. Energy costs reach minimal values at these speeds within each gait. In this study we asked whether these speeds are mechanically equivalent among different animals (i.e. speeds where the same levels of peak muscle stress occur). If so, this would help in establishing a link between the energetics and the mechanics of the active muscles at these speeds, providing a first step in understanding why energy costs are minimal. We also asked whether peak muscle stress reaches a similar fraction of the maximal isometric stress at these speeds. If so, this would suggest that muscles are structured so that a similar reserve capacity remains, with a similar safety factor for avoidance of injury in response to prolonged repetitive loading. We compared two species that use quite different locomotory methods at their preferred speeds: white rats that gallop and kangaroo rats that hop. We measured peak stress in the ankle extensor muscles of these two species, as they moved at their preferred speeds, using a force platform/cine analysis technique. We also measured the maximum isometric force that this muscle group could develop in situ in the same individuals. We found the ankle extensors of white rats and kangaroo rats developed virtually identical levels of peak stress at their preferred speeds (70 +/- 6 kPa and 69 +/- 6 kPa, respectively, mean +/- S.E.), despite a fourfold difference in peak ground reaction force per unit body mass exerted on each limb. The values of peak isometric stress in situ were also virtually identical (206 +/- 17 kPa and 200 +/- 9 kPa, respectively). Our finding that the peak muscle stress is about one-third of maximum isometric stress at the preferred speeds is consistent with the idea that these are mechanically equivalent speeds, where the same fraction of available muscle fibres is recruited. Finding nearly identical values in two species that move in such different ways (galloping vs hopping), and have such large differences in ground reaction force exerted by each limb, suggests this may be true more generally for terrestrial vertebrates. PMID- 3209968 TI - The similarity of mitochondrial distribution in equine skeletal muscles of differing oxidative capacity. AB - A morphometric analysis was performed on horse muscle tissue to quantify mitochondrial distribution relative to capillaries. Samples of M. vastus medialis, M. semitendinosus, M. masseter and M. cutaneus thoracicus were preserved in a glutaraldehyde fixative for electron microscopy, or frozen for biochemical and histochemical analysis. These four muscles varied from highly oxidative in type, consisting nearly completely of type I fibres, in masseter, to highly glycolytic, primarily type IIb fibres, in cutaneus. In all four muscles, mitochondria were found in highest volume density near capillaries at the fibre border, with a sharp decline in volume density towards the fibre centre. This distribution was independent of myoglobin concentration, muscle fibre type and the activities of three key metabolic enzymes, citrate synthase, 3-OH-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. PMID- 3209969 TI - Stimulation of sodium transport and fluid secretion by ouabain in an insect malpighian tubule. AB - Ouabain, at all concentrations higher than 2 x 10(-7) mol l-1, stimulates the rate at which the Malpighian tubules of the insect, Rhodnius, transport sodium ions and fluid into the lumen. An effect on paracellular movement of sodium ions is unlikely because ouabain makes the electrical potential of the lumen more positive, which would slow diffusion of sodium into the lumen. Radioactive ouabain binds to the haemolymph-facing sides of the tubule cells but not to the luminal face. This binding is reduced in the presence of elevated levels of potassium or of non-radioactive ouabain. Bound ouabain is only slowly released on washing in ouabain-free saline. The evidence suggests that there is a Na+/K+ ATPase on the outer (serosal) membranes of the tubules. Such a pump would transport sodium in a direction opposed to the flow of ions and water involved in fluid transport; poisoning it with ouabain would remove this brake, and fluid flow and sodium transport would increase, as observed. PMID- 3209970 TI - Measured behavioural latency in response to sex-pheromone loss in the large silk moth Antheraea polyphemus. AB - Males of the giant silk moth Antheraea polyphemus Cramer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) were video-recorded in a sustained-flight wind tunnel in a constant plume of sex pheromone. The plume was experimentally truncated, and the moths, on losing pheromone stimulus, rapidly changed their behaviour from up-tunnel zig-zag flight to lateral casting flight. The latency of this change was in the range 300 500 ms. Video and computer analysis of flight tracks indicates that these moths effect this switch by increasing their course angle to the wind while decreasing their air speed. Combined with previous physiological and biochemical data concerning pheromone processing within this species, this behavioural study supports the argument that the temporal limit for this behavioural response latency is determined at the level of genetically coded kinetic processes located within the peripheral sensory hairs. PMID- 3209971 TI - Effects of hyposmotic shock on ion fluxes in isolated trout hepatocytes. AB - Isolated trout hepatocytes exposed to hypotonic Hank's medium (isotonicity x 0.70) swelled to 1.17 times the control volume after 3 min; by 15 min the cell volume had returned to normal. The ouabain-insensitive K+ uptake increased, indicating an immediate rise in K+ membrane permeability. As indicated by analysis of cellular contents, the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) was ensured by a release of intracellular K+. Na+ was not implicated in this mechanism. This potassium permeability induced by hypotonic shock was transient (maximum at 6 min), insensitive to blocking agents of voltage- and Ca2+-dependent K+ channels, and chloride-dependent. This result, together with a time-course of Cl- uptake similar to that of K+, suggests a K+/Cl- cotransport mechanism. This cotransport is inhibited by high furosemide concentrations (10(-3) mol l-1) but not by bumetanide (10(-4) mol l-1) or piretanide (10(-4) mol l-1). PMID- 3209972 TI - Ingestive behaviour and physiology of the medicinal leech. AB - Ingestion lasts 25 min in Hirudo medicinalis and is characterized by pharyngeal peristalsis which fills the crop. This peristalsis has an initial rate of 2.4 Hz which decays smoothly to 1.2 Hz at termination of ingestion. During ingestion, the leech body wall undergoes peristalsis which appears to aid in filling the crop diverticula. Body peristalsis begins at a rate of 10 min-1 and decreases linearly to 2 min-1 at termination. The body also undergoes dorsoventral flexions when blood flow is occluded. Blood meal size increases slightly with leech size: 8.4 g for 1-g leeches and 9.7 g for 2-g leeches. However, relative meal size decreases markedly with increasing animal size; from 8.15 times body mass for 1-g to 4.80 times for 2-g leeches. When intact leeches were exposed to micromolar concentrations of serotonin, there was an increase in the rate of pharyngeal peristalsis and the size of the blood meals. Leeches excrete the plasma from their ingested blood meals. Excretion is activated during ingestion, which increases feeding efficiency by increasing the proportion of blood cells in the ingestate. Excretion continues for 4-6 days following ingestion, removing all the remaining plasma from the ingestate. Leech ingestion comprises stereotyped muscular movements, secretion of saliva and excretion of plasma. A strikingly similar feeding physiology is seen in the blood-sucking insect Rhodnius, and we suggest that efficient sanguivory may require the convergent evolution of similar ingestive mechanisms. PMID- 3209973 TI - Blood flow patterns in the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, before, during and after metamorphosis. AB - The patterns of blood flow through the complex circulation of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, were investigated during aquatic normoxia and hypoxia by application of the microsphere technique. The distribution of differently labelled microspheres injected into the bloodstream towards the left and right atria, respectively, was used to evaluate the role of the ductus arteriosus in lung perfusion before, during and after metamorphosis, as well as the general contribution of right and left atrial outputs to the blood flow in gills and lungs in neotenic and postmetamorphic animals. The distribution patterns of radioactive microspheres among pulmonary, branchial and systemic tissues indicated that the ductus arteriosus is the major pulmonary perfusion pathway in neotenic and metamorphosing animals, whereas after metamorphosis the main perfusion pathway is down the entire length of the pulmonary artery. In neotenes, the ductus arteriosus becomes even more important during aquatic hypoxia. The anterior branchial arches receive blood richer in pulmonary venous blood than the posterior arches. Approximately 26% of left atrial output and 36% of right atrial output perfuses the brachial respiratory lamellae during normoxia in neotenes. Severe aquatic hypoxia appears to increase the fraction of cardiac output flowing to the lung and decrease the fraction flowing into the first branchial arch in neotenes. This decrease into the first arch may facilitate lung perfusion and also reduce branchial O2 loss. In postmetamorphic animals, approximately 55% of right atrial output and 32% of left atrial output is directed to the lungs. The flow patterns in postmetamorphic animals remain unaffected by aquatic hypoxia. PMID- 3209974 TI - Freezing avoidance and the distribution of antifreeze glycopeptides in body fluids and tissues of Antarctic fish. AB - The distribution of antifreeze glycopeptides (AFGPs) in the body fluids and tissues of antarctic notothenioid fish was determined. In Dissostichus mawsoni (Norman), the peritoneal, pericardial and extradural fluid, like the blood, contained all eight AFGPs and in concentrations sufficient to depress freezing points below that of sea water (-1.9 degree C). Secreted fluids including urine, endolymph and aqueous and vitreous humour either lack all AFGPs or have very low concentrations of only the low molecular weight forms and have freezing points of about -1.0 degree C, and are therefore undercooled with respect to environmental temperature. Fluids with high concentrations of AFGPs also contain high levels of proteins similar to plasma proteins. Systemic administration of tritiated AFGPs in the closely related species Trematomus bernacchii (Boulenger) yielded a distribution pattern similar to that of the native AFGPs in D. mawsoni. This suggests passive distribution of AFGPs into the various fluid compartments following secretion from the liver; a pattern typical of secreted blood proteins. Tissue distribution of AFGPs was determined by comparison with that of the extracellular space marker [14C]polyethylene glycol. AFGPs were found in the interstitial fluid of all body tissues examined except brain tissue. No tissue showed any intracellular accumulation of tritiated AFGPs from the blood. PMID- 3209975 TI - Hypersensitivity to light of the iris (Sphincter pupillae) of the albino axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). AB - As is common for amphibians, the sphincter pupillae of the axolotl contracts in vitro in response to illumination with visible light. 1. In a comparison of photomechanical responses of albino and normally pigmented axolotls, similar time courses and maxima of force development were found. 2. The dependence of isometric active force development on the length of the sphincter pupillae is similar to that of other smooth muscles. 3. The action spectrum of the axolotl is similar to the absorption spectrum of frog rhodopsin. 4. At low stimulus strengths, the increase of normalized, isometric, active force with increasing stimulus strength is approximately seven times as great in albino axolotls as in normally pigmented ones. 5. Melanin appears to decrease the light sensitivity of the irises of normally pigmented animals by acting as a simple light shield. PMID- 3209976 TI - Water depth alters respiratory behaviour of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 3209977 TI - In vivo analysis of partitioning of cardiac output between systemic and central venous sinus circuits in rainbow trout: a new approach using chronic cannulation of the branchial vein. AB - Freshwater-acclimated rainbow trout were chronically and non-occlusively cannulated in the dorsal aorta (DA), sinus venosus (SV) and branchial vein (BV), the latter returning the blood perfusing the central venous sinus (CVS) of the gill after being shunted away from the systemic circuit. After recovery, blood samples from these three sites were analysed for haematocrit (Hct) and [Hb]. Branchial venous blood was found to have considerably lower Hct and [Hb] (Hct = 3.5 +/- 3.1%; [Hb] = 1.04 +/- 0.75 g 100 ml-1) than systemic blood (DA: Hct = 24.3 +/- 8.9%, [Hb] = 6.54 +/- 2.90 g 100 ml-1; SV: Hct = 23.1 +/- 8.8%, [Hb] = 6.15 +/- 2.55 g 100 ml-1; means +/- S.D. N = 8), which strongly suggests that plasma skimming occurred at arteriovenous anastomoses and arterioles draining into the CVS. The partitioning of cardiac output, calculated on the basis of the [Hb] data, showed that the systemic flow accounted for 93 +/- 4.6% (N = 7) of the total cardiac output with only 7 +/- 4.7% of cardiac output being diverted into the CVS, thus bypassing the systemic vasculature. Previous results using in vitro experiments are compared with the present data in an evaluation of the usefulness of the isolated perfused gill and head preparations in the experimental analysis of circulatory physiology in fish gills. PMID- 3209978 TI - Excitability and secretory activity in the salivary gland cells of jawed leeches (Hirudinea: Gnathobdellida). AB - Thousands of salivary cells fill the interstices throughout the anterior ends of jawed leeches. The somata are large (30-200 micron in diameter). They project single processes (ductules) into the three jaws, and were found to fire overshooting action potentials of 50-85 mV amplitude and 100-200 ms duration at low spontaneous rates. The action potentials were not detected in the presence of cobalt (10 mmol l-1), but could be recorded when sodium was absent from the Ringer, so they appear to be calcium-dependent. Salivary material is transported by the long processes of these unicellular glands and secreted into ducts which alternate with paired teeth on the jaws. Secretion is activated reliably by 10( 6) mol l-1 serotonin, but not by other neurotransmitters found in the leech nervous system. Each jaw secretes at an average rate of 230 nl min-1 in the presence of serotonin, and secretion is completely abolished by cobalt. Perfusion with serotonin excites the salivary gland cells into impulse activity, and often evokes bursting. Impulse activity of the peripherally projecting, serotonergic Retzius cells evokes both depolarizations and action potentials in the salivary gland cells. In jawed leeches, central neurones appear to control salivation by a peripheral release of serotonin. This neurotransmitter evokes calcium-dependent action potentials and calcium, in turn, stimulates secretion. PMID- 3209979 TI - The secretory event. Proceedings of a meeting. Kolimbari, Crete, March 1988. PMID- 3209980 TI - Effects of teratogenic antibodies on cultured visceral yolk-sac endodermal cells: cytotoxicity and morphological studies. AB - Primary cultures of visceral yolk-sac (VYS) endodermal cells were used to assess the effects of teratogenic and nonteratogenic antibodies. When assessed by cytotoxicity assay, teratogenic antibodies appeared to be lethal to the cultured cells at high concentrations (1.25-5 mg of antibodies per ml of culture medium). At a nonlethal dosage, the teratogenic antibodies induced morphological changes, including retraction and rounding up of living cells. The cytotoxic effect as well as the effect on cell morphology appeared to be dose-dependent and specific to VYS endodermal cells. The mechanisms of cell killing were not the same as those attributed to complement-mediated cell lysis. The nonteratogenic antibodies did not have any cytotoxic effect nor did they cause any cell morphological alterations. The results of this investigation, when interpreted by correlating the dose-dependent effects of the teratogenic antibodies on cultured endodermal cells with the in vivo teratogenic effect, suggest that teratogenic antibodies when given at a teratogenic dose cause congenital abnormalities without killing the VYS endodermal cells. PMID- 3209981 TI - Cytology, embryology, and evolution of the developmental arrest syndrome in newts of the genus Triturus (Caudata: Salamandridae). AB - We have examined embryonic development in three species (T. carnifex, T. cristatus, and T. marmoratus) of European newts of the genus Triturus (subgenus Neotriton) in which developmental arrest occurs in embryos that are homomorphic for a chromosomal heteromorphism involving chromosome 1 (Horner and Macgregor: J. Herpetol., 19:261-270, 1985). Embryonic arrest occurred during tailbud stages in all three species, but at a slightly earlier stage in T. marmoratus. Two phenotypes were identified among the arrested embryos. One of these is indistinguishable in embryonic morphology from normal embryos at all stages up to the time of arrest, but the other is characterized by a protruding yolk plug, which persists from the late gastrula/early neurula stage to the tailbud arrest stage and apparently interferes with normal morphogenesis. Evidence is presented that the two arrested phenotypes, which occur in approximately equal numbers, represent embryos that carry the two alternative homomorphic chromosome pairs of chromosome 1 heteromorphism. We conclude that developmental arrest reflects a balanced lethal heterozygosity probably resulting from an unequal exchange of genic material between the homologues of chromosome 1 which occurred in a common ancestor of the Neotriton species. PMID- 3209983 TI - Secretion of proteins by cultured bovine oviducts collected from estrus through early diestrus. AB - To characterize in vitro protein secretion by the oviduct throughout early stages of the estrous cycle, 16 cows received a luteolytic dose of PGF2 alpha and were randomly assigned to be killed on day (D) 0, 2, 5, or 8 after subsequent estrus. Explant cultures of oviducts (ampulla and isthmus) were incubated for 24 h at 39 degrees C in a modified Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 50 microCi L-[4,5-3H]leucine. Oviductal secretion of de novo synthesized protein measured by incorporation of [3H]leucine into nondialyzable radioactivity in culture supernatants was greatest at D 0 and declined thereafter. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into TCA-precipitable macromolecules in tissue homogenates was also greatest at D 0. Analysis of culture supernatants by one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed four major bands of radiolabeled proteins at greater than 97 kDa, 85-97 kDa, 55 kDa, and 30 kDa. Analysis of individual polypeptides resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that five of 32 individual polypeptides examined were secreted at significantly greater rates at estrus than at other times examined. One of these five polypeptides, a 97-kDa peptide with an apparent pI of 5.0, was the major secretory product at estrus and accounted for 18% of total radioactivity recovered from two-dimensional gels. Two of 32 polypeptides examined were secreted at significantly greater rates by explants of the oviduct contralateral to the side of ovulation. In summary, estrus is associated with an elevation in total protein secretion by the bovine oviduct. This increase is due to selective amplification of secretion of several but not all secretory proteins. PMID- 3209982 TI - Maintenance of foreign gene expression and independent chromosome fragments in adult transgenic rainbow trout and their offspring. AB - Transgenic rainbow trout (RT) were generated in earlier experiments by an in vivo modification of the chromosome-mediated gene transfer technique. This involved fertilizing albino RT eggs with gamma-irradiated brook (speckled) trout (ST) sperm and then heat shocking the eggs to induce second polar body retention. Striped pigment patterns were stable in six mosaic individuals between the ages of 7 and 14 months. We estimated the total ST DNA contribution in adult transgenic fish using DNA dot blot analyses. An average of 7% ST DNA was obtained in analyses of 11 transgenic individuals. Nine of 55 transgenic individuals examined expressed a ST-specific isozyme in adulthood; some were mosaic for foreign gene expression. Variable numbers of autonomous chromosome fragments were maintained in 10 adult transgenic individuals examined. Five transgenic RT were backcrossed to albino RT. Chromosome fragments were inherited by 29 of 31 backcross embryos examined. Additional active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were present on some fragments and may also have been integrated into some host chromosomes. This method may have numerous applications for basic and applied genetic research in fish. PMID- 3209984 TI - Acrosome-reacted guinea pig spermatozoa become fusion competent in the presence of extracellular potassium ions. AB - Guinea pig spermatozoa are able to undergo capacitation and the acrosome reaction in a K+-free (-deficient) medium. However, they are unable to fuse with eggs unless they are exposed to a millimolar concentration of extracellular K+ during or after the acrosome reaction. Apparently, the plasma membrane over the equatorial segment gains the ability to fuse with eggs in the presence of K+ during and/or after the acrosome reaction. Once it becomes fusible, the membrane retains its fusibility even in a K+-deficient medium. Rb+ is almost as effective as K+ in rendering the sperm membrane fusible. Li+ and Cs+ are less effective. The molecular mechanism by which K+ renders acrosome-reacted spermatozoa fusion competent is unknown, but it may involve K+-mediated efflux of H+ from the spermatozoa. PMID- 3209985 TI - DNA synthesis in the mouse blastocyst during the beginning of delayed implantation. AB - The spatiotemporal pattern of DNA synthesis in the mouse embryo at the beginning of metabolic dormancy was examined. Embryos were recovered from females at intervals following ovariectomy at 1100 hours on day 4 of pregnancy, incubated in vitro for 1 h in the presence of [3H]thymidine, and prepared for light microscopic autoradiography. The proportion of labeled cells in the embryo remained high (40-60%) for 18 h after ovariectomy and then declined gradually to 12% by 96 h. However, analysis of individual cell subpopulations showed that the decline was not uniform in all regions of the blastocyst. Labeling was high over the inner cell mass (ICM) during all time intervals in the study, while labeling over the mural trophoblast cells declined sharply by 24 h after ovariectomy. Labeling over the polar trophoblast also declined but had values that were intermediate between the ICM and mural trophoblast regions of the blastocyst. These regional differences in DNA synthesis during the arrest of development suggest that intermediate steps are involved in control of DNA synthesis in the embryo and that the ICM may play a role in the different responses of the trophoblast cell populations. PMID- 3209986 TI - Quitting when the fun is gone. PMID- 3209987 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus with tibial arteritis and foot gangrene. PMID- 3209988 TI - Acute appendicitis and right adnexal torsion occurring simultaneously in pregnancy. PMID- 3209989 TI - The Florida Teratogen Information Service. PMID- 3209990 TI - Uplifting the physician's devalued state of mind. PMID- 3209991 TI - Antibodies to HTLV-I in populations of the southwestern Pacific. AB - Sera collected from 1,102 individuals in 14 populations of the southwestern Pacific between 1956 and 1979 were tested by ELISA for antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). Selected sera were also tested by particle agglutination and immunoblotting. Six of the populations had prevalences of antibodies greater than 4%, two populations had prevalences greater than 15%. Six populations had antibody prevalences of 2% or less. Three populations from the coast and northern islands of New Guinea had high prevalences of antibodies, while three New Guinea highland groups had virtually none. One population from the Solomon Islands had a high prevalence, while two others had very low prevalences. Two populations from small remote islands in Vanuatu both had high prevalences. Pacific sera did not neutralize a standard strain of virus readily neutralized by Japanese, European, and American sera. We conclude that infections with HTLV-I, some acquired more than 20 years ago, are widespread throughout the southwestern Pacific, even in several very isolated populations, although others have been spared. Some strains of HTLV-I in populations of the Pacific may have substantially different envelope proteins from prototype strains of America, Europe, and Japan. PMID- 3209992 TI - Alteration of infection pattern of duck hepatitis B virus by immunomodulatory drugs. AB - The relationship between host immune state and hepatic inflammation and infection pattern of the Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) was investigated by experimental transmission of DHBV into 98 Japanese 7-day-old ducklings that had been pretreated with immunoregulatory drugs including cyclophosphamide, OK 432, and a steroid hormone. Immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide revealed an extension of the viremic period associated with an absence of inflammatory changes in the liver. Although immunostimulating treatment with OK 432 showed a remarkable accumulation of inflammatory cells in the liver, the viremic period was not shortened. Treatment with a steroid used as a immunosuppressant did not suppress the hepatitis; moreover, it increased viral DNA replication and extended the viremic period. This phenomenon of viral replication seemed to be caused by the direct effects of the steroid. Alteration of DHBV infection by modifying the host immune state is quite similar to that of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in humans. In DHBV infection, the host immune state seemed to have a considerable role in determining the infection pattern and degree of hepatitis activity. DHBV may be a helpful model of HBV for studying host-viral interaction and the immunological mechanism of viral hepatitis. PMID- 3209993 TI - Seroepidemiological studies on hepatitis B and D viruses infection among five ethnic groups in southern Taiwan. AB - In order to compare the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection among five ethnic groups in Pingtung County of southern Taiwan, a total of 240 serum samples were collected from September to October, 1985, from the following five ethnic groups: Taiwanese, Hakka, Mainland Chinese, aboriginal Paiwanese, and aboriginal Rukaiese. Ages of subjects ranged from 5 to 69 years. All sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (anti-HBs), and core antibody (anti-HBc) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to hepatitis D antigen (anti-HDV) were also tested for those with HBsAg-positive sera. Results showed that 44.1% of all sera examined were negative for HBsAG but positive for both anti-HBs and anti HBc; additionally, 24.6% were negative for both HBsAg and anti-HBs but positive for anti-HBc. Only 134 serum samples showed negative results for HBV markers, indicating an HBV infection rate of 88.8%. The anti-HDV positive rate was estimated to be 2.7% among HBsAg-positive subjects. The HBsAg-positive rates among Rukaiese, Paiwanese, Hakka, Taiwanese, and Mainland Chinese were 25.8, 22.5, 16.7, 12.9, and 10.0%, respectively; while the prevalence rates of HBV infection among the above five groups were 94.2, 94.6, 85.4, 87.5, and 82.5%, respectively. Differences in the HBsAg-positive rate and HBV infection rate among these ethnic groups were statistically significant. We conclude that people living in Pingtung County are more frequently infected with HBV when compared with inhabitants in northern Taiwan. PMID- 3209994 TI - Children's understanding of death according to parents and pediatricians. AB - Thirty pediatricians and 30 parents were interviewed on (a) how and when children develop concepts about death, (b) children's emotional responses to the thought of death, (c) the possibility of dialogue between adults and children about death, and (d) differences in healthy and seriously ill children's conceptualization of death. Pediatricians were no different than parents in their opinions. Moreover, in some cases, less educated parents and older doctors tended to hold opinions that were even farther from reality. Overall, the results suggest that children, healthy or sick, are left alone with the problem of death and are not helped either by their parents or by their doctors. PMID- 3209995 TI - Rhythmic-movement facilitation of learning in working-class Afro-American children. AB - In this study, we examined whether the cognitive performance of working-class Afro-American children could be enhanced based upon a presumed knowledge of the Black cultural experience. Children (6 and 9 years old) learned to match each of 12 pairs of pictures via a rhythmic movement-coordinated procedure accompanied by a musical beat or through a rote recitation procedure. It was expected and found that subsequent retention of the picture matches was superior in the rhythmic movement condition. Moreover, for the younger children, the effect was stronger for those who came from homes providing high stimulation and who had high levels of movement expressiveness. PMID- 3209996 TI - Psychosocial development, self-concept, and gender. AB - Undergraduate students (N = 88; 51 males and 37 females) completed the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS; Fitts, 1965) and the identity versus identity diffusion and intimacy versus isolation scales from Constantinople's (1969) Inventory of Psychosocial Development (IPD). Strong positive correlations were found between ego identity and all aspects of self-concept for both males and females. Different results emerged for the intimacy versus isolation crisis, however. For males, all aspects of self-concept were related to a sense of intimacy, but for females intimacy was related only to the behavioral and interpersonal aspects of self-concept. The implications of these findings are discussed and the contingency of intimacy upon ego identity is questioned with regard to females. PMID- 3209997 TI - Worry, anxiety, and preferred length of sleep. AB - Sixty-three female and 43 male undergraduates responded to a "worry" scale, a trait anxiety measure, and a question asking preferred length of sleep to clarify conflicting findings regarding the relationship between worry and anxiety and length of sleep (e.g., Hartmann, 1973; Hicks & Pellegrini, 1977; Kumar & Vaidya, 1984). Worry and length of sleep were positively correlated, supporting Hartmann's contentions. Anxiety was related to sleep in a U-shaped curvilinear fashion. Anxiety and worry were substantially correlated (r = .60) for subjects above the median on worry but were not correlated for subjects below the median. Worry may be the underlying construct in the positive relationship between anxiety and length of sleep for highly anxious persons. Comparison of high worry low anxiety and low worry-high anxiety groups also suggests that our understanding of the relationships among sleep, anxiety, and worry may benefit from the simultaneous consideration of worry and anxiety factors. PMID- 3209998 TI - Encoding and retrieval processes in learning-disabled, head-injured, and nondisabled young adults. AB - Using a multi-trial, free-recall paradigm (Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test; Lezak, 1983), the acquisition and retention by learning disabled (LD) young adults with a Halstead Impairment Index less than or equal to 0.3 (low LD) or greater than or equal to 0.4 (high LD) was compared with that of nondisabled and head-injured (HI) young adults. Significant group differences, particularly during the last three acquisition trials, confirmed the effectiveness of this method in revealing subtle learning and retention deficits. Analyses of Trial 1 recall showed group differences in the prerecency but not the recency portion of the serial position curve, thus implicating long-term but not short-term memory differences between the groups. Analyses of pair frequency (Sternberg & Tulving, 1977) data showed that the three clinical groups had difficulty organizing the to be-learned material for effective retrieval. Following an interpolated task, retention was poorer for the clinical groups than for the nondisabled and varied inversely with the degree of neuropsychological impairment. Finally, during retention, the nondisabled and low LD groups retained and used the list organization established during acquisition whereas the high LD and HI groups did not. PMID- 3209999 TI - Memory for event frequency as a function of depression, age, intentionality, and level of processing. AB - In two experiments, we examined memory for event frequency among depressed and/or elderly subjects (depression was either naturally occurring or induced by the Velten technique). We also manipulated level of processing and instructional set to test the notion that memory for event frequency is relatively invariant across a variety of tasks. Results supported the proposal that memory for frequency is robust in the face of depression and old age. Memory for frequency was enhanced, however, by semantic processing and by an intentional learning instructional set. Finally, the results suggest that the Velten technique not only induced variation in mood but also may have induced a semantic processing strategy in our depressed and elated subjects. PMID- 3210000 TI - Hypnotic susceptibility, visual distraction, and reports of Necker cube apparent reversals. AB - Subjects, either susceptible (n = 50) or resistant (n = 50) to hypnotic suggestion, were asked to report on frequency of apparent reversals (ARs) to the Necker cube illusion. Such reports were made in the presence or absence of various types of visual, geometric surrounds (squares, triangles, crosses, or parallelograms). In agreement with a number of previous experiments, susceptible subjects reported perceiving more ARs than did resistant subjects. This difference held whether visual surrounds were present or absent. The presence of surrounds did serve to reduce AR reports regardless of hypnotic susceptibility level. The results are examined in terms of the ability of subjects to selectively attend when confronted with potential visual distractors. PMID- 3210001 TI - Does order of letter analysis contribute to the parafoveal identification asymmetry? AB - A parafoveally presented target character usually is identified more accurately when flanked by a nontarget character to its foveal side than when flanked by one to its peripheral side. An outside-in process of analysis produced by uncertainty about the target's position could contribute to this asymmetry. Current results revealed a greater asymmetry with relative target position blocked than with it mixed over trials, suggesting that target position uncertainty leads to inside out, rather than outside-in, analysis. PMID- 3210003 TI - Effect of color of questionnaire on emotional responses. AB - We examined whether paper color affects the kind of emotional response obtained from questionnaires. University of Utah students (N = 221) read three vignettes, each describing a murder or rape, and responded by answering a set of eight questions for each case. A three-way analysis of variance was performed in which color (pink, blue, white), type of verdict (guilty, not guilty) and sex were the main effects. The results showed that there were significant differences for color and verdict but not for sex. PMID- 3210002 TI - Attempts to train novices for beer flavor discrimination: a matter of taste. AB - Inexperienced beer-drinkers who could not pass a beer-flavor discrimination test were divided into a taste group, which received additional perceptual experience with beer flavors; a verbal group, which received instruction in beer flavor terminology; a taste/verbal group, which received both additional experience and instruction; and a control group. Before and after training, all subjects participated in a similarity rating task involving beer flavors and flavor related adjectives. Additional taste experience--but not increased experience with beer-flavor terminology--improved novices' ability to detect identical beer flavors. Results are discussed in terms of the trainability of flavor discrimination and the role of cognitive factors (both flavor-related and flavor independent) in marketing beverages. PMID- 3210004 TI - A comparison of brain choline acetyltransferase activity in Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, and combined dementia. AB - Brain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was determined in 43 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 14 with multi-infarct dementia (MID), and 15 with combined dementia (CD) and in 53 age-matched controls. The activity of ChAT declined in the hippocampus, temporal and frontal cortex in patients with AD and CD compared to the controls. In the AD group the reduced activity of ChAT in all brain areas was associated with a greater number of cortical neurofibrillary tangles. The degree of dementia had a negative correlation with the activity of ChAT in the frontal cortex in both AD and CD patients. The activity of ChAT in the temporal cortex of CD patients was negatively associated with the cortical tangle counts. In contrast, the activity of ChAT and MID patients was not essentially different from that of the controls. Neither did the various clinical and neuropathological variables show any significant correlation with ChAT activity in MID patients. Thus, in this study the reduction in the activity of ChAT seems to be associated with Alzheimer-type pathology but not with dementia due to vascular changes. PMID- 3210005 TI - Gabapentin augments whole blood serotonin in healthy young men. AB - It has been previously demonstrated that gabapentin, a gamma-amino butyric acid analogue, inhibits monoaminergic neurotransmitter release from rabbit caudate nucleus slices and from rat cortex. In humans this drug has been shown to have anti-epileptogenic activity. Serotonin may act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter and its interaction with blood platelets is thought to reflect its central actions. We investigated sleep stages, whole blood serotonin levels, and serum melatonin in healthy men after the administration of gabapentin. With increasing serum gabapentin levels six healthy subjects showed an increase in sleep stages 3 and 4 and in whole blood serotonin (P less than 0.05) Serum melatonin levels were not influenced. On account of these results we speculate that gabapentin modulates the release of serotonin from blood platelets. The increase in peripheral serotonin points paradigmatically to an increase in the bioavailability of serotonin which may account for the increase in sleep stages 3 and 4. PMID- 3210007 TI - Chronic naltrexone suppresses platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline and 5 hydroxytryptamine in former heroin addicts. AB - Naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, is used as an adjunct in the treatment of opiate addiction. In former heroin addicts, long-term treatment with naltrexone (350 mg/week for 5 months) resulted in suppression of adrenaline and 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced platelet aggregation. The results demonstrate that sustained blockade of opioid receptors can impair the functional expression of alpha 2-adrenoceptors and 5-HT2 receptors in human platelets. These findings may have negative clinical implications in the treatment of opiate addiction with naltrexone. PMID- 3210006 TI - Partial purification of (a) low molecular weight ovine pineal compound(s) with an inhibiting effect on the growth of human melanoma cells in vitro. AB - An in vitro human melanoma cell assay was used to work up the partial purification of (a) low molecular weight (MW) substance(s) from aqueous extracts of ovine pineal tissue shown to contain a growth-inhibiting activity. A combination of paper chromatography, ion-exchange and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with post-column antitumor assay has been developed. This allows a specific identification of an ovine pineal factor (MW less than 500) which inhibits the growth of human melanoma cells in vitro. The substance was partially purified to about 1,000 times as compared to the IC100 value of the starting material (retentate 5). The growth inhibition of human melanoma cells in culture was complete at a dose of 0.1 microgram/ml of purified pineal factor(s). It was demonstrated that the activity of this pineal compound differs from some substances known to be present in the pineal, such as melatonin, serotonin, peridines and beta-carbolines. The activity was not destroyed by treatment with proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 3210008 TI - Effects of chronic imipramine treatment on glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in various regions of the rat brain. Evidence for selective increases of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in the locus coeruleus and in 5-hydroxytryptamine nerve cell groups of the rostral ventromedial medulla. AB - Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) immunoreactivity (IR) was analyzed semi automatically in the forebrain and in the lower brain stem of male rats treated for two weeks with imipramine (10 mumol/kg). Serum corticosterone and aldosterone levels were determined by means of radioimmunoassay procedures. The microdensitometric analysis demonstrated a selective increase in the GR IR in the nerve cell nuclei of the locus coeruleus (A6), of the ventral part of the reticular gigantocellular nucleus (B3L) and of the nucleus raphae magnus (B 3 M), whereas a small reduction of GR IR was found in the nucleus raphe obscurus (B2). In the morphometric analysis significant increases in the mean profile area of nuclear GR IR, which may be secondary to the increase in GR IR, were observed in the B 3 M. The serum corticosterone and aldosterone levels were not found to be significantly altered. The selective changes of GR IR may reflect the presence of an altered number of GR in these nerve cell groups and/or an altered translocation of GR to the nuclei. It is of substantial interest that these changes were observed in the presence of unchanged serum levels of corticosterone and aldosterone. It seems possible that adaptive changes in monoamine synapses induced by the chronic imipramine treatment may be responsible for the changes in GR IR found in the noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) cell bodies, respectively. The present results open up the possibility that chronic imipramine treatment may help to maintain the glucocorticoid receptor function in the locus coeruleus and in the 5-HT cell groups of the rostral ventromedial medulla of depressed patients. PMID- 3210009 TI - The bimodal effect of cholinergic blocking agents on the human parotid gland deprived of parasympathetic control. AB - Intense salivatory reactions to atropine appear only at the second and are completely at the third stage of the postdenervational syndrome. Muscarinic receptors, emerging at these stages of denervation and causing paradoxical reactions to cholinolytics, differ from those which emerge at the first stage of denervation and from those blocked with atropine. A classical antagonist, atropine is able to discriminate between heterogenous subpopulations of these receptors, emerging at various stages of denervation. The denervated parotid gland presents, an evolving system in terms of muscarinic receptors. Atropine discriminates between the highest levels in the development of those structures and the lowest ones, since for the former it plays the role of an antagonist, and for the latter the role of an agonist. PMID- 3210010 TI - Capsaicin-sensitive vasodilatatory mechanisms in the rat substantia nigra and striatum. AB - Thermoregulatory and neurochemical effects of capsaicin microinjection into the substantia nigra (SN) or caudatus putamen (CPu) were studied in rats. Administration of capsaicin into these brain structures induced a peripheral vasodilatation which was associated with a decrease in body temperature. Pretreatment of the rats with capsaicin either as adults or neonates abolished the thermolytic response to the drug, indicating that the effect is executed specifically upon capsaicin sensitive structures. Analyses of the levels of monoamines and their metabolites in the striatum following injection of capsaicin into the SN or CPu revealed that dopaminergic neurons are not primarily involved in this effect. This view is also supported by our findings that neurochemical lesion of unilateral nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons did not influence the vasodilatatory response. Since the pharmacological effect of intranigral capsaicin was not abolished by unilateral axotomy (hemisection) we presume a capsaicin-sensitive, non-dopaminergic descending vasodilatatory pathway from the SN. PMID- 3210011 TI - Neither the pituitary gland nor the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for eliciting the large drop in elevated rat pineal melatonin levels due to swimming. AB - Since the pineal gland is an end organ of the sympathetic nervous system, stress might increase the synthesis of its hormone, melatonin. The stress of a 10 min swim, which elicits a marked rise in circulating catecholamines, causes a dramatic depression of high pineal melatonin levels at night within 15 min after swimming onset. N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity is unaffected by the treatment at 15 or 30 min after swimming onset. Within 90 min after initiation of a 15 min swim, high nighttime pineal melatonin levels are restored while NAT values remain elevated. The swimming-induced reduction in high pineal melatonin levels is not influenced by either hypophysectomy, superior cervical ganglionectomy, prazosin (alpha 1-adrenergic receptor blocker) pretreatment, yohimbine (alpha 2-adrenergic receptor blocker) pretreatment, or reserpine (amine depletor) pretreatment. These results indicate that neither hormones secreted from the pituitary gland nor catecholamines secreted from the sympathetic nerves are involved in eliciting the dramatic reduction in elevated pineal melatonin levels in the rat. PMID- 3210012 TI - Judgement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function in psychiatric patients by betamethasone-induced cortisol suppressibility. AB - Betamethasone induced cortisol suppressibility was examined in 62 drug free consecutively admitted psychiatric inpatients. Betamethasone was choosen instead of the commonly used dexamethasone, because its double half-life compared to dexamethasone and its higher tissue availability. After a base-line evaluation with blood samples drawn at 8 a.m., 4 p.m., and 11 p.m., 0.5 mg or 1.0 mg betamethasone was given orally at 11 p.m. Postbetamethasone cortisol as well as betamethasone blood levels were then measured at the same time points as on the baseline day. In the groups receiving 1.0 mg betamethasone non-depressed patients had significantly (p less than 0.05) lower postbetamethasone cortisol levels than depressed patients for each time point measured whereas 0.5 mg betamethasone did not differentiate depressed from non-depressed patients. Patients with other depressions like schizoaffective psychosis-depressive subtype- or organic brain syndrome with depressive symptomatology demonstrated similar postbetamethasone cortisol profiles as the group of patients with major depression. Betamethasone plasma concentrations differed significantly (p less than 0.001) with respect to the oral dosage with higher values for the 1.0 mg betamethasone groups. PMID- 3210013 TI - Biochemical and behavioral evidence for an interaction between ethanol and calcium channel antagonists. AB - In the present series of experiments we have studied the effects of the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist nifedipine on ethanol-induced changes in behavior and dopamine (DA) release and metabolism. The locomotor-stimulatory effect of low doses of ethanol (2.5 g/kg) was antagonized by nifedipine, whereas ethanol-induced sedation observed after higher doses (4.5 g/kg) was potentiated. Biochemical studies indicated that ethanol enhanced the metabolism and release of DA in the striatum and the DA-rich limbic regions measured by post mortem analyses of DA-metabolites by HPLC with electrochemical detection and by in vivo voltammetry in anaesthetized rats, respectively. Pretreatment with nifedipine antagonized the stimulatory effects of ethanol on the DA-system. Nifedipine reduced the preference for ethanol, estimated by the relative intake of ethanol (6% v/v) and water in a free-choice situation, suggesting an influence of nifedipine not only on the stimulatory but also on the positive reinforcing effects of ethanol. The present results suggest that the locomotor-stimulatory and positive reinforcing effects of ethanol as well as its enhancing effect on dopaminergic activity may involve an enhancement of calcium mediated mechanisms. PMID- 3210014 TI - Increased iron (III) and total iron content in post mortem substantia nigra of parkinsonian brain. AB - Significant differences in the content of iron (III) and total iron were found in post mortem substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease. There was an increase of 176% in the levels of total iron and 225% of iron (III) in the substantia nigra of the parkinsonian patients compared to age matched controls. In the cortex (Brodmann area 21), hippocampus, putamen, and globus pallidus there was no significant difference in the levels of iron (III) and total iron. Thus the changes in total iron, iron (III) and the iron (II)/iron (III) ratio in the parkinsonian substantia nigra are likely to be involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of this disorder. PMID- 3210016 TI - Macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio anonymus. Separation of a complex alkaloid extract using droplet counter-current chromatography. AB - Ten 12-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, all of them esters of the necines, retronecine or otonecine, have been isolated from Senecio anonymus. The separation, carried out by droplet counter-current chromatography, afforded senecionine [1], integerrimine [2], retrorsine [3], senkirkine [5], neosenkirkine [6], otosenine [10], hydroxysenkirkine [7], and a new alkaloid given the trivial name anonamine [9]. Traces of usaramine [4] and another new alkaloid, hydroxyneosenkirkine [8], were detected by 1H nmr. In addition, the previously unreported 3a beta-hydroxy-4-ethoxy-2,6-perhydroindoledione [11] was isolated. X ray structures were obtained for neosenkirkine [6], hydroxysenkirkine [7], anonamine [9], and [11]. 1H-13C heteronuclear shift correlated nmr (HETCOR) provided unambiguous chemical shift assignments for 13C-nmr data. Antitumor activity was assayed using the A204-rhabdomyosarcoma cell line in soft agarose. PMID- 3210015 TI - Irritant principles of the mezereon family (Thymelaeaceae), V. New skin irritants and tumor promoters of the daphnane and 1 alpha-alkyldaphnane type from Synaptolepis kirkii and Synaptolepis retusa. AB - Seventeen mostly new, skin irritant diterpene esters (DTE) of the daphnane and 1 alpha-alkyldaphnane types were isolated from roots of Synaptolepis kirkii and Synaptolepis retusa. The parent alcohols of the daphnane types are shown to be 5 beta-hydroxyresiniferonol-6 alpha,7 alpha-oxide [1] and 5 beta, 12 beta dihydroxyresiniferonol-6 alpha,7 alpha-oxide [2]. Ten of the daphnane types are 9,13,14-orthoesters and three are conventional esters involving tertiary or secondary hydroxyl groups at C-13 or C-14, respectively. The latter may be considered immediate precursors of corresponding orthoesters. The four 1 alpha alkyldaphnane types are intramolecular 9,13,14-ortho-(2-hexadecenoic acid)-esters in which, formally, the second to last C atom of the orthoester moiety is linked covalently to C-1 alpha of the diterpene parent alcohols 1 or 2. Thus, in the new structure, a macrocyclic ring bridges the alpha side of the diterpene moiety in an "ansa" type manner. The irritancies on the mouse ear of the DTE obtained cover a wide range (I24 = 0.05-670 nmole-1). Some of them are considerably more irritant than the daphnane type standard simplexin. Structure/activity investigations reveal that an ester group instead of a free hydroxyl group at C 20 ("cryptic types"), or presence of a hydroxy or an acetoxy group in position 12 diminishes the irritancies of the daphnane types isolated, similar to what is known in corresponding tigliane types. In the standardized initiation/promotion protocol on the back skin of mice, some of the irritant DTE exhibit tumor promoting activities higher than that of simplexin. PMID- 3210017 TI - Studies on cytotoxic constituents in pericarps of Mallotus japonicus, Part III. AB - Two new cytotoxic chromene derivatives, butyrylmallotochromene [10] and isobutyrylmallotochromene [11], were isolated from the pericarps of Mallotus japonicus. The new derivatives were identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-6-(2',4' dihydroxy-3'-acetyl-5'-methyl-6'-methoxybenzyl)-8 - butyryl-2,2-dimethylchromene [10] and 5,7-dihydroxy-6-(2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-acetyl-5'-methyl-6'-methoxybenzyl)-8 - isobutyryl-2,2-dimethylchromene [11] by means of spectral data. These compounds and their respective acetylation and methylation products were found to be cytotoxic against KB cell lines. PMID- 3210018 TI - The pigments in the dorsal skin of frogs. AB - The five pigments 1-5 and a colorless substance 6 were present in the dorsal skin of frogs of nine selected species belonging to Rhacophoridae, Ranidae, Hylidae, and Bufonidae and were identified as pterin-6-carboxylic acid, xanthopterin, isoxanthopterin, erythro-biopterin, 6-hydroxymethylpterin, and guanine, respectively. Another pigment 7 was specifically present in the skin of genus Rhacophorus and was deduced to be a pteridine derivative composed of five molecules of pterin-6-carboxylic acid [1]. PMID- 3210019 TI - The mystery of trichothecene antibiotics in Baccharis species. AB - The Brazilian higher plant Baccharis coridifolia has been shown to synthesize de novo a series of highly toxic macrocyclic trichothecene antibiotics heretofore found to be produced only by fungi. These compounds are produced only by female plants that have undergone pollination. Neither the male nor female plant is sensitive to the toxic effects of trichothecenes, whereas North American Baccharis species are. The macrocyclic trichothecenes found in B. coridifolia are the same as those produced by Myrothecium fungi, and it is suggested that the plant has acquired the toxin-producing genes from this fungus. PMID- 3210020 TI - Sesterterpenes from a Pacific sponge, Carteriospongia flabellifera. AB - 12,13-Didehydrofurospongin-1 and 16 beta-acetoxy-24-methyl-12,24-dioxosclaran-25 al, C21 and C26 sesterterpenes, were isolated from the sponge Carteriospongia flabellifera collected on the Great Barrier Reef, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis. The occurrence of these compounds falls into previously noted chemotaxonomic patterns. PMID- 3210022 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus infection of the brain. I. Virus isolation and detection of HIV specific antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with varying clinical conditions. AB - Isolation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been attempted from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 29 subjects with varying severity of HIV infection. Virus could be isolated from patients in all stages of disease including patients with primary HIV infection and asymptomatic carriers. In the early stages of infection free virus was infrequently present in the CSF but could be isolated from the cells present in CSF. This suggests that HIV may reach the brain at a very early stage of infection and that initially there is little production of virus from infected cells. In the late stages of HIV infection, associated with increasing severity of immunodeficiency, free virus could readily be isolated from the CSF. With one exception, all of these patients had neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms, as compared to only 2 (of 13) subjects in the early stages of infection. All patients with HIV-specific antibodies in serum had antibodies also in CSF. Examined by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay, CSF was more often found to contain antibodies to the precursor (p55) of viral core proteins than the corresponding serum of the patients. We propose that immune disturbances have an essential pathogenic role in the neurological/psychiatric symptoms associated with HIV infection, possibly through allowing increased viral expression in the central nervous system. PMID- 3210021 TI - Citlalitrione, a new diterpene from Jatropha dioica var. sessiliflora. AB - Solvent partitioning and column chromatography of MeOH root extracts of Jatropha dioica yielded four pure compounds, beta-sitosterol, jatropholone B, a previously unknown diterpene epoxytrione given the trivial name citlalitrione, and riolozatrione. Structures were determined using physical and spectral techniques and X-ray crystallography. PMID- 3210023 TI - Intrathecal synthesis of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in patients with multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological diseases. AB - Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP), an immunosuppressive substance produced mainly by macrophages, has previously been shown to increase in the serum of patients with inflammatory neurological diseases. In this study we assayed the IAP levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by a passive hemagglutination-inhibition test. CSF-IAP levels increased significantly in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) during both the active and inactive stages and in patients with Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) or Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) as compared with those of control patients, but not in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or spinocerebellar degeneration. During the active stage of MS, increased CSF-IAP levels together with the elevated IAP% (CSF-IAP/total CSF protein) and IAP index [(CSF-IAP/serum IAP)/(CSF albumin/serum albumin)] suggested the intrathecal synthesis of IAP. In contrast, in patients with GBS or MFS, increased CSF-IAP levels without elevation of IAP% could be attributed largely to increased total CSF protein levels. In patients with neuro-Behcet's disease, CSF-IAP levels and IAP% were elevated during the active stage, but remained normal levels during the inactive stage. Assaying CSF-IAP could provide useful information about inflammatory or immunopathological events within the central nervous system. PMID- 3210024 TI - Hereditary cerebral haemorrhage caused by cortical amyloid angiopathy. AB - This article describes 136 patients with hereditary cerebral haemorrhages; all patients belonged to families (originally) resident in Katwijk (The Netherlands). Cases of hereditary cerebral haemorrhage have also been reported in NW-Iceland, and in the Dutch coastal village of Scheveningen. Katwijk is a Dutch fishing village, located 20 miles north of Scheveningen. These 136 cases were encompassed in three large pedigrees, and the disorder followed an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. No connection between the pedigrees from Iceland, Scheveningen and Katwijk has as yet been established. In our series, sclerosis with amyloid deposits could be observed in roughly a quarter of the small arteries and arterioles in the cerebral cortex and the covering arachnoid. The pathological vessels were irregularly distributed in areas and clusters, possibly leading to superficial cerebral infarcts and, secondarily, to haemorrhages. Our findings are identical with those described in patients from Scheveningen, but different from the Icelandic group. In addition to some differences in the age at onset and in the distribution of the angiopathy, it has recently been demonstrated that the amyloid in our patients is constituted by a microprotein which shows a homology to the beta-protein in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome, while the amyloid in Icelandic cases is formed by an aggregation of cystatin C (gamma trace). An unexpected finding in most of our patients is the accumulation of senile plaque like lesions in the cerebral cortex. We did not observe Alzheimer's fibrillary tangles in any of our cases. PMID- 3210025 TI - An electrophysiological and histological study of myelinated axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury and repair in the cat. AB - Electrophysiological and histological methods have been combined to obtain quantitative measures of the success of regeneration of myelinated axons in a cutaneous nerve after injury and repair by a variety of procedures. Following a simple transection injury more axons regenerated successfully when the nerve was repaired by epineurial suturing or stump suturing than when it was left unrepaired; both types of repair gave similar results. After loss of a 10-mm piece of the nerve trunk, repair with an autograft produced more regeneration than when the nerve was left untouched, but repair by stump mobilization with epineurial suturing made matters worse. On the whole, the regenerated afferents had receptive field properties similar to those found in control animals but there was a higher incidence of units that could not be typed using conventional criteria. A small proportion of them had split receptive fields. Fibre diameters and conduction velocities were reduced compared with controls; this was particularly so through the neuroma and in the distal stump. There was also evidence of abnormal interactions, possibly ephaptic, between some regenerated axons. PMID- 3210026 TI - Early immobilization of hindleg muscles of dystrophic mice: short-term and long term effects. AB - Hindleg muscles of normal and dystrophic mice were immobilized unilaterally early during the postnatal period. After 1 week the casts were removed. Of one group of mice hindleg muscles were processed for histopathological and morphometrical evaluation at the end of the immobilization period. Hindlegs of other groups of mice were remobilized for various periods of time before the muscles were examined. In normal mice immobilization of calf muscles that were fixed in a shortened position resulted in atrophy of about 35% compared with untreated muscles. This was accompanied by a reduction in fibre number of about 15%. The antagonists that had been fixed extended, did not show those effects. Immobilization of dystrophic muscles minimized pathology in both agonists and antagonists, although atrophy developed. Upon remobilization the normal muscles resumed postnatal development. They did not deviate from normal, untreated muscles at the age of 3.5 months. Upon remobilization of dystrophic muscles pathology developed, but less severely than during the second and third postnatal week in untreated dystrophic muscles. Significant differences in morphometrical parameters compared with untreated dystrophic muscles were observed during the 3 months remobilization period studied. PMID- 3210027 TI - 2-Phenylpyridine and 3-phenylpyridine, constituents of tea, are unlikely to cause idiopathic Parkinson's disease. AB - Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is likely to be caused by one or more unidentified neurotoxins, present in the environment or formed endogenously, which progressively damage dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is an experimental neurotoxin which produces biochemical and neuropathological changes in lower primates and mice and in humans inadvertently exposed to it that closely resemble those found in PD. 2 Phenylpyridine (2-PP) and 3-phenylpyridine (3-PP), both of them present in tea, are the only MPTP analogues that are known to be present in the human diet. We exposed C57 black mice, animals very sensitive to the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP, to prolonged parenteral and oral administration of large doses of 2-PP, and to prolonged parenteral administration of the N-methylated tetrahydro derivatives of 2-PP and 3-PP. The latter are closer chemical analogues of MPTP than are 2-PP and 3-PP themselves. None of these MPTP analogues lowered the contents of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum of mice. We speculate that the neurotoxins which cause PD are unlikely to resemble MPTP structurally, and we suggest that the search for chemical causes of PD should be directed to a wider variety of compounds encountered by humans. PMID- 3210028 TI - Contractile properties and fatiguability of the human adductor pollicis and first dorsal interosseus: a comparison of the effects of two chronic stimulation patterns. AB - We have developed a method for simultaneously measuring the isometric force of the adductor pollicis (AP) and first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscles of the hand. Both muscles were found to have very similar force-frequency relationships, relaxation rates and fatigue indices. The effect of 2 patterns of chronic electrical stimulation on the force production, contractile properties and fatiguability of the AP and FDI were compared in 2 groups of 5 subjects. One pattern consisted of uniform 10 Hz stimulation and the other a random pattern containing a few high frequency bursts against an essentially low frequency background. Both patterns were found to increase the fatigue resistance of both muscles by approximately 30% and caused a smaller and less consistent shift in the force-frequency relationship such that more force was generated at low frequencies of stimulation. There was a decrease in both the maximum voluntary and tetanic force after stimulation with the uniform 10 Hz but not the non uniform patterns. The maintenance of force with the latter pattern may be due to the presence of the high frequency bursts. PMID- 3210029 TI - Involuntary closure of eyelids in parkinsonism. Electrophysiological evidence for prolonged inhibition of the levator palpebrae muscles. AB - Involuntary closure of eyelids (ICE), a phenomenon variously interpreted as blepharospasm and apraxia of lid opening, is occasionally observed in parkinsonism. Nine patients (4 with Parkinson's disease, 2 with post-encephalitic parkinsonism, and 3 with supranuclear palsy) with prominent ICE, were studied by electromyographic recording of the eye muscles. ICE episodes were shown to be dependent upon prolonged, irregular inhibition of the normal tonic activity of the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle causing drooping of the upper eyelid without any corresponding activation of the orbicularis oculi (OO) muscle. Nevertheless, some degree of excessive, widely fluctuating OO activity was present in seven of the patients. Blepharocolysis (from Gr. blepharon, eyelid, and kolysis inhibition) is put forward as the term to designate ICE episodes resulting from abnormally long inhibition of the LPS muscles and should be differentiated electrophysiologically from blepharospasm, excessive OO muscles activity. Abnormal influences from basal ganglia acting on brainstem structures that regulate blinking may falicitate either of the two components of normal blinking resulting in ICE due to the predominance of LPS inhibition (blepharocolysis), the predominance of OO activation (blepharospasm) or a combination of the two. PMID- 3210031 TI - Olfactory hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis. AB - Gross or microscopic glial hamartomas were found in the anterior olfactory lobe and olfactory germinal layer of three babies, two of them newborns, with tuberous sclerosis. In two cases microscopic hamartomas were seen in the anterior olfactory lobe, and in one of them there was a prominent nodular tumor of the olfactory tract and trigone. In addition, in both of these cases there were bilateral germinal layer tumors between striatum and septum, at the junction of the obliterated olfactory recess and the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle. Only microscopic hamartomas were present in the olfactory germinal layer of the third case. Typical subependymal germinal layer tumors were also present elsewhere in all cases; however, cortical tubers were recognized in only two of them. In all three patients, the clinical presentation and death were due to cardiac rhabdomyomas. The findings suggest that olfactory hamartomas might be relatively common in tuberous sclerosis. Involvement of olfactory structures is not surprising because the lesions seem to originate in the germinal layer, a region of the brain which is prominently involved in the disease. PMID- 3210030 TI - Familial bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy associated with testicular atrophy and sensory neuropathy (Kennedy-Alter-Sung syndrome). Autopsy case report of two brothers. AB - Autopsy cases of two brothers with bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy associated with gynecomastia, testicular atrophy and sensory neuropathy are reported. The disease started with finger tremor, proximal muscle weakness and facial muscle twitching at the second and fourth decades, accompanied by bulbar signs and glove-stocking type sensory disturbance. Systemic neurogenic patterns and diminished sensory nerve action potential amplitudes were recorded by electrophysiological studies. A marked loss of myelinated fibers was noticed upon sural nerve biopsy. Gonadal hormone values were normal, except for elevated urinary estrogen. Postmortem examinations revealed a remarkable degeneration of the facial and hypoglossal nuclei, and the spinal cord motoneurons. The skeletal muscles and the tongue showed neurogenic muscular atrophy with fatty replacement. Testicular atrophy was prominent showing hyalinized seminiferous tubuli with nodular and diffuse Leydig cell hyperplasia, containing estrogen immunoreactive substance. These clinical and histological features seemed to be highly compatible with those of Kennedy Alter-Sung type bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy. The involvement of sensory peripheral nerves, however, was a distinct feature of this family. PMID- 3210032 TI - Isolation and characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-like protein from fetal calf thymus. AB - A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-like protein (AChR-LP) was isolated from fetal calf thymus by affinity chromatography using cobrotoxin-Sepharose after alkaline extraction and solubilization with Triton X-100. The AChR-LP had a specificity of 1.61 +/- 1.12 nmol of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites per mg of protein. The isoelectric point, sedimentation coefficient and amino acid composition of the purified AChR-LP were very similar to those of muscle and electric organ AChRs. Upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis purified thymus AChR-LP preparations contained up to 6 polypeptide bands of molecular weights of 40,000, 43,000, 51,000, 56,000, 58,000, and 66,000, respectively. The peptides of 40,000, 51,000, 56,000, and 66,000 dalton cross-reacted with the four subunits of Torpedo californica and fetal calf muscle AChR. PMID- 3210033 TI - Protein synthesis in mitochondria isolated from human skeletal muscle. Detection of polymorphism in mitochondrial translation products. AB - The importance of the mitochondrial protein synthesizing system in the development of functional mitochondria, and thus presumably in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial cytopathies has become apparent in recent years. A procedure has been developed to allow the measurement of the protein synthetic activity in mitochondria isolated from human skeletal muscle biopsy materials. The examination of the mitochondrial protein synthesis products revealed two polymorphic variants with the electrophoretic mobilities in SDS-polyacrylamide gel of a 20/22 kDa and a 45/47 kDa protein. Since functional consideration suggests that these variants are most likely to be associated with conservative amino acid substitutions, the observation indicates that it might be possible to electrophoretically detect certain alterations in the mitochondrial translation products in mitochondrial cytopathies due to mutations in the mitochondrial genome. PMID- 3210034 TI - Leukoencephalopathy in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy: MRI and EEG data. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and electroencephalography (EEG) were carried out for patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) associated myelopathy (HAM). Nineteen of 22 patients (86%) had abnormalities on brain MRI and/or EEG. Thirteen patients showed high signal intensity lesions scattered in the cerebral white matter, as seen on the T2-weighted MRI images. The lesions were mostly located in the subcortical and deep cerebral white matter and were not contiguous with the lateral ventricles. Patients with abnormalities on the brain MRI had a longer duration of disease and a greater disability than did those without MRI abnormalities. The EEG records showed definite abnormalities in 9, and minor abnormalities in 5. All patients with HAM for more than 5 years showed definite evidence of cerebral involvement. Our findings strongly suggest that a multifocal pathological process over the entire CNS is probably a common occurrence in HAM. PMID- 3210036 TI - Immunofluorescence detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 antigen in cerebrospinal fluid cells of experimentally infected mice. AB - Experimentally infected mice were used to assess the value of immunofluorescence (IF) procedures in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells in comparison with routine viral culture of CSF for diagnosis of herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. Virus specific antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in the majority of CSF cells in 75% of infected animals. In contrast, only 20% of infected mice had positive viral cultures, which sometimes took as long as a week to show a cytopathological effect (CPE). It is concluded that antigen detection by immunofluorescence is a rapid, specific and sensitive technique for demonstrating HSV-1 antigen in CSF cells of experimentally infected mice. Our results put forward a plea for further studies using these techniques on CSF samples from patients with suspected HSV-1 encephalitis. The prerequisites for reliable interpretation of results have been defined in this study. PMID- 3210035 TI - Expression of HTLV-I antigen in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy. AB - The HTLV-I antigen (Ag) was detected in short-term cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from 44% of patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM), using the indirect immunofluorescence method. The HTLV-I Ag-positive cells accounted for less than 4% of cultured PBMNC in all but one case. The kinetics and mechanism of HTLV-I Ag expression in cultured cells were these studied in this individual with about 20% positive cells. HTLV-I Ag was 0.3% at 6 h after the culture and the number of positive cells increased to 9.3% at 48 h. The sera from HAM patients had a suppressive effect on the expression of HTLV-I Ag in the cultured cells. This suppression was more potent in sera from patients with a high than with low antibody titer. There were no correlations between the HTLV-I Ag expression in cultured cells and the various clinical and laboratory findings, in each case. PMID- 3210037 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials following severe head injury: loss of the thalamic potential with brain death. AB - The thalamic component (P17) of the short-latency somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) was assessed to determine its usefulness in patients with severe head injury. Subjects were a group of patients admitted to the Auckland Hospital Critical Care Unit who subsequently died from head injury. In all instances where brain death was unequivocally established and a SEP recording made in close temporal proximity to the time of brain death the P17 potential was absent. When there was evidence of continuing brainstem activity and particularly where prolonged survival occurred following the last SEP recording the P17 potential remained intact bilaterally. This study shows that the presence or absence of the thalamic component of the short-latency SEP provides a reliable electrophysiological measure of brainstem function in patients where brain death has been suspected. PMID- 3210038 TI - A dominantly inherited progressive disease in a black family characterised by cerebellar and retinal degeneration, external ophthalmoplegia and abnormal mitochondria. AB - A report is given of a black family with a dominantly inherited, neuro-retinal degeneration associated with abnormally large mitochondria, in which the cristae are disoriented. The disease is characterised by progressive external ophthalmoplegia, clear-cut macular degeneration, cerebellar dysarthria, spastic paraplegia and finally facial and bulbar weakness. A similar illness has been described in black families and individuals and we suggest that the disease may represent a specific syndrome, possibly confined to blacks, that lies within the spectrum of the so-called mitochondrionopathies. PMID- 3210039 TI - Firing rate may be a determinant of nerve fibre vulnerability in axonopathies. AB - Analysis of the discharge characteristics and conduction velocities of single vagal nerve fibres innervating slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the oesophagus and lungs of acrylamide affected dogs has demonstrated that a group of fibres, the fastest conducting fibres to each organ, fail to conduct. The two failed groups have conduction velocities which are grossly different and yet they have a common receptor type, they have a similar fibre length and they have the same central nervous system destination. Amongst the oesophageal fibres, the failed group with conduction velocities in the upper third of the control range had firing rates which were normally higher than those of the surviving slower conducting fibres (P less than 0.01). The same observation applied to the respiratory fibres (P less than 0.05). It is possible that firing rate is also a factor in predicting the vulnerability of axons in axonopathies. PMID- 3210040 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) abnormalities in brucellosis. AB - Twelve patients with neurobrucellosis and 17 patients with systemic brucellosis without neurological involvement underwent a brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) study. All neurobrucellosis patients (100%) showed abnormalities in their BAEP recordings, suggestive of brainstem lesions at various levels. On the other hand, only 5 (29%) of the 17 patients with systemic brucellosis had mild unilateral BAEP abnormalities, while the remaining 12 had normal responses. Comparison of pooled data between the systemic brucellosis and neurobrucellosis groups showed highly significant differences in all BAEP parameters. The recording of BAEP is thus considered a sensitive supplementary method to reveal CNS lesions in patients with neurobrucellosis. PMID- 3210041 TI - Diazepam binding inhibitor-like immunoreactivity (DBI-LI) in human CSF. Correlations with neurological disorders. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the anxiogenic neuropeptide diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 281 patients who underwent evaluation for neurological problems. Serial dilution curves and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography showed that the immunoreactive material in CSF behaved just as authentic DBI extracted from human brain. Furthermore in the assay there was no evidence of interference from CSF samples deprived of DBI by immunoaffinity. In 82 patients with no evidence of major lesions in the central nervous system, who acted as controls, the CSF DBI content was shown to be age- and sex-related. No correlation was observed with the CSF protein concentration. In patients with different types of dementia, the levels of CSF DBI were significantly increased in a group with normal pressure hydrocephalus. No significant differences were found between Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, or dementia with Parkinson's disease and controls. In non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease the levels of DBI were increased in a subgroup with depressive disturbances whereas no differences was observed in the non depressed cases. The content of DBI was markedly reduced in 5 cases with olivopontocerebellar atrophy and in 4 with spinocerebellar ataxia. In all the other disorders studied the levels of DBI were similar to or slightly lower (multiple sclerosis) than those of the controls. The origin of DBI in cerebrospinal fluid is uncertain; a number of various possibilities are discussed concerning the proposed role of DBI as modulator of brain GABAergic transmission. PMID- 3210042 TI - Neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. I. Changes in venules, leucocytes and epithelial cells. AB - This study was done to characterize the morphological changes in the respiratory mucosa that occur in neurogenic inflammation, which is a type of inflammation mediated by substances released from sensory nerves. Neurogenic inflammation was produced in the trachea and bronchi of atropine-treated Long-Evans rats by electrically stimulating the left or right superior laryngeal and vagus nerves. This procedure is known to increase vascular permeability in the airways, presumably as a consequence of antidromic activation of sensory vagal axons (Lundberg & Saria, 1982). By using a particulate tracer (Monastral blue, 30 mg kg 1 i.v.) that does not cross the walls of normal tracheal blood vessels but does cross the endothelium of abnormally permeable vessels, it was possible to identify which blood vessels were affected in neurogenic inflammation. Light and electron microscopic examination of tracheas prepared after 2 or 5 min of vagal stimulation revealed that postcapillary venules and collecting venules 7-80 micron in diameter were labelled by extravasated Monastral blue but capillaries, arterioles, and larger venules were not. Venules from which the extravasation occurred had gaps as wide as 1.5 micron between endothelial cells. Most of the abnormally permeable venules were located just beneath the airway epithelium in regions between the cartilaginous rings. Extravasation also occurred from venules in the mucosa overlying the posterior membrane of the extrathoracic trachea, but little occurred in the posterior membrane of the intrathoracic trachea. After unilateral vagal stimulation, vascular permeability was increased on both sides of the trachea; it was also increased in first through fourth order bronchi but only on the side of stimulation. Leucocytes (principally monocytes and neutrophils) were adherent to the endothelium of some of the abnormally permeable venules. Erythrocytes and platelets also were adherent to the walls of some venules. These changes in venules were accompanied by a degranulation of epithelial secretory cells, widening of the spaces between tracheal epithelial cells, and probably an increase in epithelial permeability. Neurogenic inflammation in the trachea and bronchi of rats is thus characterized by increased permeability of postcapillary venules and collecting venules in specific regions of the respiratory mucosa as well as adherence of leucocytes, erythrocytes and platelets to the endothelium of these venules and prominent changes in the respiratory epithelium. PMID- 3210043 TI - Neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. II. Identity and distribution of nerves mediating the increase in vascular permeability. AB - This study addresses the question of whether increased vascular permeability, which is a prominent feature of neurogenic inflammation in the respiratory tract, is mediated by sensory axons that end near venules in the airway mucosa. In these experiments, neurogenic inflammation was produced in the tracheal and bronchial mucosa of atropine-treated Long-Evans rats by electrical stimulation of the left or right superior laryngeal nerve and/or cervical vagus nerve. The particulate tracer Monastral blue was injected intravenously to localize the sites of increased vascular permeability, and microspectrophotometry was used to measure the amount of extravasated Monastral blue in the trachea and thereby quantify the increase in vascular permeability. In some rats, selective denervations were made to locate the cell bodies of neurons that mediate the increase in vascular permeability; in others, fluorescence immunohistochemistry and quantitative electron microscopic methods were used to determine which structures in the tracheal mucosa are innervated by these neurons. The study revealed that the vagally mediated increase in vascular permeability was sudden, transient (half life = 2.4 min) and restricted to venules. Stimulation of the left or right superior laryngeal nerve increased the permeability of venules in the extrathoracic trachea, whereas stimulation of either vagus nerve increased vascular permeability in the intrathoracic trachea and bronchi. All nerves had bilateral effects in the trachea, but the vagus nerves had largely unilateral effects in the bronchi. Neurons that mediated the increase in venular permeability had their cells bodies in the jugular (superior sensory) ganglion of the vagus nerve or rostral portion of the nodose (inferior sensory) ganglion. Preganglionic autonomic vagal neurons in the brain stem were not essential for this increase in venular permeability. Few nerves identifiable by substance P immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy were located near the affected venules, and no nerves were within 1 micron of the walls of venules. However, the epithelium and arterioles of the airway mucosa were densely innervated. All intraepithelial nerves were within 0.1 micron of epithelial cells, and at least two-thirds of nerves near arterioles were within 1 micron of the vessel walls. We conclude that the increase in venular permeability associated with neurogenic inflammation in the trachea and bronchi of rats is mediated by sensory axons that travel in the vagus nerves and superior laryngeal nerves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3210044 TI - Light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical demonstration of GABA immunoreactive astrocytes in the brain stem of the rat. AB - An antiserum against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was used in an immunohistochemical investigation of the nature of GABA-immunoreactive profiles in various regions of the brain stem of the rat. In accordance with findings in previous biochemical studies, but at discrepancy with recent immunohistochemical results, GABA-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated not only in neurons but also in glial cells. Electron microscopy revealed that the GABA-positive glial cells were astrocytes. Cells identified as oligodendrocytes were unlabelled as were pericytes and endothelial cells. In the labelled astrocytes, immunohistochemical reaction product was seen throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm, and in thin sheet like processes surrounding neuronal elements and in end-feet lining the basal membrane of capillaries. These observations support the concept that astrocytes play a role in the metabolism of GABA. It is suggested that the failure to demonstrate the presence of GABA in glial cells in previous immunohistochemical studies may have been due to some factor in the tissue preparation. However, it is also possible that labelled glial cells may have been mistaken for small labelled neurons. PMID- 3210045 TI - Cell kinetics and cell death in the optic nerve of the myelin deficient rat. AB - The optic nerves of myelin deficient (md) and normal rats were studied by light microscopic thymidine autoradiography and electron microscopy during the first postnatal month. Mean total glial cell counts were similar at most ages in the md and normal optic nerves, but were significantly increased in the md nerves at 18 days of age, and significantly reduced at 30 days, compared to the controls. Labelling indices in the md optic nerves were significantly higher than control values at 16-25 days. Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microgliacytes and unclassified cells were labelled in both normal and md rats. The mutants showed higher percentages of labelled astroglia and microglia, and the labelled oligodendroglia appeared immature when compared to the normal animals. Md optic nerves showed significantly higher counts of necrotic cells than controls at 14 30 days. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of abnormal oligodendrocytes, characterized by distended rough endoplasmic reticulum and a dilated perinuclear envelope, from 6 days of age in the mutant. These cells appear to degenerate and die. These results suggest a defect in the md rat oligodendrocyte, resulting in a protracted uptake of thymidine and increased cell death. Investigation of the link between these observations and the proposed myelin proteolipid protein defect in the md rat may reveal more about the role of myelin proteins in the CNS, and the specific cellular defect(s) in this mutant. PMID- 3210046 TI - Distribution of Muller cells in the turtle retina: an immunocytochemical study. AB - Muller cells are the major type of glial cell in the vertebrate retina, and appear to participate in important structural and metabolic functions. Although the morphological features of Muller cells have been extensively studied, their topographic distribution across the retina has not been previously reported. We have used a Muller cell-specific monoclonal antibody, 19-33, to study the distribution of Muller cells in turtle retina. The antibody was obtained during a search for cell type-specific monoclonal antibodies in the rat retina. Immunoblotting studies show that 19-33 reacts with a 58 KDa protein that is present in Muller cells. Immunocytochemical studies with en face sections of turtle retina show that the density of Muller cells is fairly uniform across the retina although there are small regional differences. We estimate that the mean Muller cell density is about 1600 cells mm-2 of turtle retina and that each turtle retina contains about 54,000 Muller cells. PMID- 3210047 TI - Nerve fibres with myelinated and unmyelinated portions in dorsal spinal roots. AB - Series of 312-605 consecutive sections were prepared from apparently normal dorsal spinal roots of lizard (Lacerta muralis). Two axons which showed a segment enveloped by a compact myelin sheath and a segment devoid of myelin were followed in these serial sections. These provided the opportunity of analysing the structural features that an individual axon presents when it is myelinated and when it is devoid of myelin. Some structural features (e.g., axon calibre and microtubule density) were significantly different in the myelinated segment and in the unmyelinated segment. The factors which possibly influence these features are briefly discussed. PMID- 3210048 TI - Plasticity of cone horizontal cell functioning in cyprinid fish retina: effects of background illumination of moderate intensity. AB - In electrophysiological experiments involving intracellular recording from horizontal cells in the isolated retina of the roach, light adaptation of the retina has been shown to result in potentiation both of (1) the depolarizing component of biphasic chromaticity type S-potentials, and (2) the temporal frequency transfer functions of photopic luminosity type horizontal cells. Under identical light adaptation conditions, the number of spinules on horizontal cell dendrites positioned laterally at cone pedicle ribbon synapses, increase by some threefold. The latter effect occurs equally in pedicles of red- and green sensitive cones. Thus, horizontal cells are 'plastic' in both structural and electrophysiological respects. Furthermore, since the two electrophysiological parameters studied depend on negative feedback from horizontal cells onto cones, the results suggest that it is the inhibitory synapses that are plastic and that spinules may be sites of the negative feedback interaction. Physiological and behavioural aspects of light-dependent horizontal cell plasticity are also discussed. PMID- 3210049 TI - Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and viral antibody titres. AB - Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by a papovavirus but serum antibody titres are generally considered unhelpful in clinical diagnosis because antibodies to the commonest causal agent (JC virus) are frequently found in normal adults. There is little published information about CSF titres but usually they have not been useful. Two cases of PML, confirmed by autopsy, are described where CSF antibody to JC virus was measured. In one case the JC antibody titre was significantly higher in the CSF than the serum and we suggest that this finding is diagnostically useful. In this case there was a transient stabilization of the disease following treatment with cytarabine with a change in antibody titres suggestive of reduced viral replication in the central nervous system and a host response to the infection. In the other case, which was untreated, rising serum antibody levels indicated active infection with a host response. PMID- 3210050 TI - Influence of magnetic resonance imaging on somatosensory and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in man. AB - There is still a need to prove that even static magnetic fields up to 1.5 T used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are biologically safe and harmless for humans. Recordings of median and ulnar nerves and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in 20 patients were completed prior to and after MRI investigation of the central nervous system. Neither the somatosensory nor the auditory evoked potentials exhibited any significant change of latencies, interpeak latencies or amplitudes. Since these electrophysiological parameters are highly dependent on the quality of nerve conduction and integrity of information processing in various nuclei, it may be assumed that MRI causes no lasting changes in either respect. PMID- 3210051 TI - Evidence for the presence of antibodies to cholinergic neurons in the serum of patients with Alzheimer's disease. AB - A blind study showing that serum from patients with Alzheimer's disease causes immunolysis of mammalian brain synaptosomes is reported. Control, aged-matched, sera were largely without effect. The immunolysis was directed mainly against cholinergic synaptosomes. The data presented support the hypothesis that autoimmune mechanisms may operate in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3210053 TI - Twenty-four-hour tremor recordings in the evaluation of the treatment of Parkinson's disease. AB - A new method of prolonged recording of EMG provides a good estimate of spontaneous and induced diurnal variations in resting tremor in Parkinson's disease. It provides a record and a measure of the effects of treatment. Tremor intensity shows considerable variations even over short periods of time. Therefore short-term measurements of tremor are unhelpful. Long-term recordings agree better with the patient's assessment than with the clinical rating score. Repeated recordings over a similar 10-h period on 3 consecutive days in one patients showed fairly constant measures of occurrence and intensity of tremor. In contrast to accelerometer measurements of tremor, artefacts caused by movements and general activity of the patient do not materially interfere with tremor evaluation using surface EMG. PMID- 3210052 TI - Generalized epileptic seizures as the presenting symptom of lacunar infarction in the brain. AB - Five elderly hypertensive patients presented with grand mal seizures and had computed tomographic (CT) findings consistent with lacunar infarction. Three of them had also a recent hemiparesis, contralateral to the side of the CT findings. Follow-up CT scans supported the diagnosis of lacunar infarction. Contrary to the accepted opinion, generalized epileptic seizures may be the presenting symptom of lacunar brain infarction. PMID- 3210054 TI - Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD): co-segregation between alleles at the D21S11 DNA marker and the FAD gene in a particular pedigree. AB - Segregation studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) gene and a cloned DNA probe (D21S11), which detects an EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphism for a sequence located in the medial part of the long arm of chromosome 21, are reported in a large pedigree, in which AD is transmitted as an autosomal dominant mendelian trait. In this pedigree, the AD gene co-segregation with one of the alternative alleles at the probe raises the possibility of using such a marker for presymptomatic diagnosis of individuals at risk for the disease. PMID- 3210055 TI - Choreoathetoid movements associated with a spleno-renal shunt. AB - A 73-year-old woman without liver cirrhosis developed choreoathetoid movements of the limbs due to portal-systemic encephalopathy. A prominent spleno-renal shunt was demonstrated by non-invasive methods (abdominal computed tomography and sonography) as well as arterial portography. The choreoathetoid movements were improved by a protein-restricted diet and administration of lactulose. A portal systemic shunt should be considered when investigating choreoathetosis, even in patients without liver cirrhosis. PMID- 3210057 TI - Sulphur gas analysis in the pulp and paper industry. PMID- 3210056 TI - Late recurrence of embolic stroke after discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. PMID- 3210058 TI - Reducing interference effects in the chemiluminescent measurement of nitric oxides from combustion systems. PMID- 3210059 TI - Hazardous waste minimization: Part V. Waste minimization in the petroleum industry. PMID- 3210061 TI - Basement ventilation needed to lower indoor radon to acceptable levels. PMID- 3210060 TI - Performance audit results for volatile POHC measurements during RCRA trial burn tests. PMID- 3210062 TI - The impact of migration on air quality dose-response functions: a case study of Jacksonville, Florida. PMID- 3210063 TI - Serum sex hormone levels and myocardial infarction in the Honolulu Heart Program. Pitfalls in prospective studies on sex hormones. AB - It has been hypothesized that hyperestrogenemia may underlie myocardial infarction. As a test of this hypothesis, the serum estradiol and testosterone levels were estimated in samples collected prospectively from 96 male patients aged 52-74 years [mean age 60.8 +/- 6.3 (SD)] who had had a myocardial infarction and from 96 matched control subjects in the Honolulu Heart Program. Established risk factors for myocardial infarction were measured prospectively. No significant difference between patients and control subjects in mean estradiol or testosterone level was observed. The only established risk factor that was significantly different was blood pressure, which was higher in the patients. Thus, the data did not confirm the hypothesis. However, two major pitfalls for prospective studies of estradiol in myocardial infarction, which might have affected the validity of the results, were observed, namely, deterioration of estradiol values with prolonged storage (8.5-12 years in this study) and intervention. The value of this study, therefore, may lie in pointing out difficulties in carrying out prospective studies on sex hormones. PMID- 3210064 TI - The use of proportional hazards regression in investigating dropout rates in a longitudinal study. AB - One difficulty with the interpretation of data from longitudinal studies is the bias associated with those who do not complete the study. In a 12-month study on the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems in 966 runners (583 of whom completed the study), a proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates was used to assess factors associated with dropout at the various stages of the study. This approach allowed examination of baseline factors as well as the effect of change in mileage, the occurrence of a musculoskeletal problem, or the occurrence of another health problem on the rate of dropout. Those most likely to drop out of the study were younger and heavier at baseline and, prior to drop out, were less likely to experience general health problems and more likely to show a 40% decline in weekly running mileage in the month before dropout. Examination of factors associated with dropout is important since factors influencing dropout may also affect the study outcome for the risk factor analysis (a musculoskeletal problem severe enough to be seen by a physician). The results of the dropout analysis can be used to guide in the choice of analytic methods and to aid in the interpretation of the risk factor analyses. PMID- 3210065 TI - A familial risk of chronic renal failure among blacks on dialysis? AB - End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is strongly associated with both hypertension and diabetes. As both diabetes and hypertension tend to be familial, we hypothesized a familial clustering of ESRD cases. Using 114 cases from three dialysis centers and 99 controls, the exposure odds ratio was determined. Mantel-Haenszel analysis demonstrated that individual history of hypertension (ORmh = 5.14; 95% Cl = 2.29 11.56) and history of chronic renal failure in a first or second degree relative (chi 2mh = 5.12; p less than 0.05) were significant "risk" factors for being dialysed for ESRD, while family history of hypertension posed a more questionable risk (ORmh = 1.92 95% Cl 0.96-3.86). In fact, when the subset of patients identified with hypertensive renal disease was considered independently, the risk due to family history of hypertension increased 14-fold which suggests a role as a confounder for hypertensive renal disease. The effect of chronic renal failure in a relative was independent of family history of diabetes. PMID- 3210066 TI - Frequency response evaluation of radial artery catheter-manometer systems: sinusoidal frequency analysis versus flush method. AB - It is well recognized that catheter-manometer systems significantly distort direct radial artery pressure measurements. Sinusoidal frequency analysis and the flush method of assessing the degree of distortion caused by the monitoring system were compared to determine whether these two methods agree in the estimation of natural frequency and damping coefficient. The frequency response of 30 radial artery catheter-manometer systems used for intensive-care unit patients was measured by the flush method and sinusoidal frequency analysis. The monitoring system consisted of a 20-gauge cannula, 150-cm pressure tubing, two plastic stopcocks, a continuous infusion device with fast flush valve, an American Edwards dome, a Hewlett-Packard quartz transducer, and a Hewlett-Packard blood pressure amplifier. Sinusoidal frequency analysis demonstrated second-order underdamped response for all 30 catheter-manometer systems. No secondary resonance peaks were observed up to a frequency of 200 Hz. The measured frequency response demonstrated that the average catheter-manometer system in use in our intensive care unit would cause significant distortion of the radial artery pressure, with the mean natural frequency (fn) of 14.7 +/- 3.7 Hz and the mean damping coefficient (zeta) of 0.24 +/- 0.07. Although the 30 monitoring systems had identical configurations and visible bubbles were carefully removed, a wide range of frequency responses was found (fn = 10.2 to 25.3; zeta = 0.15 to 0.44).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210067 TI - In vitro assessment of a flow-through fluorometric blood gas monitor. AB - The Gas-STAT blood gas monitor uses fluorometric techniques to continuously monitor blood gas tensions and acid-base status in the extracorporeal perfusion circuit during cardiac surgery. We evaluated the in vitro performance of this instrument by using a tonometry loop to simulate the clinical environment and to provide controlled gas tensions and pH in the circulating fluid. In this article we report the in vitro study in which 35 Gas-STAT blood gas sensors were used to assess the precision, stability, response time, and specificity of the instrument and to confirm the sterile integrity of its flow-through cells. The blood gas monitor exhibited precision values for pH, carbon dioxide tension (PCO2), and oxygen tension (PO2) of 0.1%, 1.3%, and 1.0%, respectively; stabilities were 0.002 units/h for pH, 0.5 mm Hg/h for PCO2, and 1.4 mm Hg/h for PO2; time constants (tau, a response to within 1/e of a new gas tension, approximately 63%) were 81 seconds for PCO2 and 72 seconds for PO2. No significant interference was detected in in vitro tests of 30 drugs and metabolites typically encountered during cardiac surgery. Bacterial challenge of the flow-through cell membranes showed that they provide an effective barrier isolating the sensors from contaminants in the fluid path. Our quality control consisted of measurement of a midrange gas standard as an unknown immediately following sensor calibration; this simple program is proposed as a complement to the manufacturer's operating procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210069 TI - The use of a personal computer for trend data analysis with the Ohmeda 3700 pulse oximeter. AB - The Ohmeda 3700 pulse oximeter provides trend data storage of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and pulse rate measurements for a maximum of 8 hours. This feature allows the oximeter to be used as a stand-alone unit for overnight studies of saturation during sleep. Subsequent transfer and processing of the stored SaO2 data requires additional software. We present a program for data processing that uses the Lotus 1-2-3 program on IBM and compatible microcomputers and that performs a data distribution and statistical analysis on these trend data and presents them in graphic form. Processing SaO2 trend data within the Lotus 1-2-3 worksheet format allows the user to easily add to or modify the program presented here, depending on individual needs. PMID- 3210068 TI - Effect of heparinization of catheters on pulmonary artery oximetry. AB - A clinical study was performed in two phases to determine whether pulmonary artery oximeter catheters that were impregnated or bonded with heparin would affect the accuracy of measurements of in vivo mixed venous oxygen saturation (Sv O2). In phase 1, 40 patients were catheterized with either a heparin-impregnated or a plain pulmonary artery catheter. Blood was sampled at random times to correlate in vivo with in vitro Sv-O2 measurements. In phase 2, 16 patients who were not receiving systemic heparin therapy or aspirin and who had no coagulopathies were catheterized with either a heparin-bonded or a plain pulmonary artery catheter in a blinded order. In phase 1, a total of 364 blood samples were obtained from 40 patients. Linear regression analysis of the pooled data demonstrated y = 0.98x - 0.01, r = 0.93, P less than 0.001, and n = 141 with heparin-impregnated catheters; and y = 0.87x + 8.0, r = 0.81, P less than 0.001, and n = 223 with plain catheters. The mean difference (in vivo minus in vitro) revealed a similar error (-1.3 +/- 0.4 versus -1.4 +/- 0.4, respectively, mean +/ SE). The 95% confidence limits of an individual value (+/- 8.1 versus +/- 12.3) suggested slightly greater accuracy with heparin-impregnated catheters. In phase 2, a total of 134 blood samples were obtained from 16 patients. Linear regression analysis showed nearly equal performance with heparin-bonded and plain catheters (r = 0.97 versus r = 0.98, respectively) with similar slopes (1.0 versus 1.1, respectively) but different intercepts (-0.6 versus -8.4, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210070 TI - Forehead pulse oximetry compared with finger pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas measurement. AB - Usual monitoring sites for pulse oximetry involve the fingers, toes, ear lobe, and nasal septum. This study examined the performance of a forehead sensor compared with a finger sensor for the pulse oximeter and arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. Ten healthy adult volunteers and 22 ventilator-dependent patients were studied. The arterial oxygen saturation detected by forehead pulse oximetry (SpO2) correlated well with finger SpO2 and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) determined by arterial blood gas analysis in the healthy volunteers. Forehead SpO2 in mechanically ventilated patients correlated well with finger SpO2 and SaO2 when heart rate detected by pulse oximeter differed less than 10% from apical heart rate. Factors that caused a difference in oximeter-detected heart rate and apical heart rate were extensive tissue edema, head movement, and difficulty securing good tape placement. This suggests that when signal strength is weak, causing poor pulse rate detection, there will also be problems associated with accurate SpO2. The forehead pulse oximeter sensor works well on healthy, well-oxygenated volunteers. Difficulty was experienced when applying and using the sensor on critically ill patients. The reliability of the forehead pulse oximeter sensor has not been established at low saturations. PMID- 3210071 TI - The precordial stethoscope can be indispensable in patient monitoring. PMID- 3210072 TI - Understanding the meaning of the shunt fraction calculation. PMID- 3210073 TI - Accuracy and reliability of nutrient intake estimates. AB - A common problem in nutrition assessment is determining the number of days of food intake information required to obtain accurate estimates of nutrient intakes. A standard definition of accuracy is needed for clinical practice and nutrition research. Any measure of accuracy should have two properties: 1) accuracy should improve as the number of observations increases and 2) the number of observations needed to achieve a given degree of accuracy should be unaffected by changes in the scale of measurement. Two approaches to defining accuracy are presented, one based on a proportion of the mean and the other using a proportion of the standard deviation (SD). The concept of reliability of measurement is introduced along with equations and tables that can be used in determining the number of repeated food records needed for a particular purpose. Defining accuracy in terms of the variability and reliability shows that increasing the number of days of a food record has a quickly diminishing return. For most purposes, 3-14 d of food diary records per subject will prove adequate. PMID- 3210074 TI - Influence of different dietary fats on the incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into rat adipose glycerides. AB - Male Wistar rats were fed for 6 wk either a control low fat diet (1.5% sunflower seed oil) or a diet containing 10% fat: either saturated (coconut oil, cocoa butter) or unsaturated (olive oil, sunflower seed oil). In each dietary condition, in vitro incorporation of exogenously added fatty acids (ranging from capric to oleic acid) was studied in epididymal adipose glycerides. Analysis of variance of data revealed that there was a significant effect of the diet x substrate interaction. When results were expressed per cell lipid weight medium chain fatty acids (capric and lauric) were esterified to a lesser extent than long-chain fatty acids regardless of the nature of dietary fat (saturated vs. unsaturated). The nature of dietary fat was found to have no effect on the incorporation of medium-chain fatty acids. Feeding saturated fats resulted in an increase of incorporation of long-chain fatty acids into adipose glycerides whereas feeding unsaturated fats did not modify fatty acid incorporation. Modifications of mean fat cell size by dietary fat could not account for all the observed variations. PMID- 3210075 TI - Toxicity of rac-1(3)-myristoyl glycerol to mice. AB - When a diet containing 30% rac-1(3)-myristoyl glycerol was fed to mice, they developed hypothermia and death occurred within a few days. If 4% safflower oil was added to the diet containing the myristoyl glycerol, hypothermia did not develop and the mortality decreased. There was a pronounced effect of ambient temperature on the toxic effects of rac-1(3)-myristoyl glycerol. Overall, the effects of feeding rac-1(3)-myristoyl glycerol paralleled the previous findings with rac-1(3)-palmitoyl glycerol. Thus there is a general toxicity associated with feeding the monoacylglycerol of any saturated fatty acid that can be reversed by including small amounts of safflower oil in the diet. The only change in plasma lipids that appears to be relevant to the toxicity and its reversal by safflower oil is an increase in cholesteryl linoleate and a corresponding decrease in the cholesteryl ester of the dietary monoacylglycerol. Even though mice ingested large amounts of rac-1(3)-myristoyl glycerol, the percentage of myristic acid in the plasma lipids was not higher than that found when a fat-free diet was fed, and was not affected by the level of myristoyl glycerol in the diet. PMID- 3210076 TI - Subcellular distribution of branched-chain aminotransferase activity in rat tissues. AB - The activity of branched-chain aminotransferase in mitochondria isolated from rat tissues was examined, and the mitochondrial contribution to total tissue branched chain aminotransferase activity was calculated using the mitochondrial marker enzyme citrate synthase. Mitochondrial aminotransferase activity was highest in heart followed by skeletal muscle, kidney and brain. In heart muscle all of the aminotransferase activity was accounted for by the mitochondrial fraction. Activity was found to be mitochondrial in skeletal muscle with high red fiber content and also in kidney cortex. Activity was predominantly cytosolic in brain and muscles with high white fiber composition. Thus, the distribution of branched chain aminotransferase activity in skeletal muscle was dependent on fiber type. No branched-chain aminotransferase activity was detected in liver mitochondria, and in liver tissue activity was too low to be relevant at physiological concentrations of branched-chain amino acids. Within a tissue, regardless of the subcellular distribution of aminotransferase activity, the relative rates of transamination with subsaturating or "saturating" concentrations of KIV or isoleucine were similar. Finally, amino acid preference was also similar within a tissue, but not necessarily between or among different tissues. PMID- 3210077 TI - Effect of hypothyroidism on methylmalonate excretion and hepatic vitamin B-12 levels in rats. AB - The effect of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on vitamin B-12 metabolism in the rat was studied by measuring methylmalonic acid excretion, B-12 content of liver and oxidation of 2-[14C]histidine. Ten percent pectin was added to increase severity of B-12 deficiency. The addition of thiouracil to a diet containing 10% pectin decreased the excretion of methylmalonic acid suggesting an amelioration of the B 12 deficiency. It was found that part of this decreased methylmalonic acid excretion was due to a decreased food consumption with a correspondingly decreased intake of branched-chain amino acids which are precursors of methylmalonic acid. When attempts were made to increase the protein intake of animals receiving thiouracil so their amino acid intake was equal to that of the control animals, methylmalonic acid excretion was still lower than that of the controls. It was also found that the vitamin B-12 content of the liver was higher in the animals receiving thiouracil than in the controls. Thyroidectomy had the same effect as feeding thiouracil. Liver B-12 levels are rapidly depleted on a B 12 deficient diet containing 10% pectin. It appears that hypothyroidism, induced either by thyroidectomy or by feeding thiouracil, slows the rate of depletion of hepatic B-12 which in turn facilitates the metabolism of methylmalonic acid and decreases its excretion in the urine. PMID- 3210078 TI - Tissue zinc and copper levels in diabetic C57BL/KsJ (db/db) mice fed a zinc deficient diet: lack of evidence for specific depletion of tissue zinc stores. AB - We investigated whether the decreased femur zinc concentrations reported in genetically obese diabetic db/db C57BL/KsJ mice reflected an increased propensity to zinc deficiency by determining zinc concentrations in tissues from 18-19-wk old db/db and control mice following ad libitum feeding of a zinc-deficient diet (2 mg/kg) or restricted or ad libitum feeding of a zinc-adequate diet (20 mg/kg) for 12 wk. Although hepatic and renal zinc concentrations of db/db mice fed the zinc-deficient diet tended to be lower than in any other experimental group when expressed on a dry weight basis, zinc concentrations in these tissues were either not different from or greater than those of their nondiabetic controls when expressed on an ash weight basis, i.e., relative to all mineral constituents of these organs. Hepatic and renal copper concentrations of the diabetic db/db mice were either not different from or greater than those of their controls on an ash weight basis. Femur zinc concentrations of diabetic db/db mice fed zinc-adequate diets were lower than those of their controls on a dry weight basis but were not different from their controls on an ash weight basis. We found proportionately lower dry zinc, calcium and magnesium concentrations in femurs of the db/db mice fed a nonpurified diet than in femurs of their db/m and m/m controls. These findings suggest that the low femur zinc concentration reported in the diabetic db/db mouse probably reflects a generalized decrease in bone mineral content rather than a specific depletion of tissue zinc stores. PMID- 3210079 TI - Factors affecting absorption and excretion of 54Mn in rats. AB - The effects of different levels of dietary Mn and different models of 54Mn administration and the effect of sucrose and starch on absorption and excretion of the isotope were studied. Rats were fed diets containing between 1.3 and 82.4 mg Mn/kg for 7 or 14 d and administered 54Mn by gavage or a test meal containing 5 or 20 micrograms Mn. Additional rats for each dietary treatment received 54Mn by intramuscular or intraperitoneal injection. Amount of Mn in the oral dose did not affect 54Mn absorption, but increasing dietary Mn reduced Mn absorption and enhanced 54Mn excretion. Absorption of 54Mn by fasted, gavaged rats was four times higher than in unfasted gavaged rats or in fasted rats fed test meals. Orally administered 54Mn had a shorter biological half-life than injected 54Mn and tissue distribution of 54Mn differed in rats given 54Mn by different routes. Rats fed between 1.4 and 2.8 mg Mn/kg diet grew as well as or better than those fed amounts similar to the recommended level (50 mg/kg). Sucrose-fed rats absorbed more than 54Mn than starch-fed rats. Rats fed sucrose excreted injected 54Mn faster than rats fed starch. Concentrations of liver Mn in sucrose-fed rats were higher than in starch-fed rats. Our results indicate that both absorption and excretion are important in maintaining Mn homeostasis in rats. PMID- 3210081 TI - Calcium and inorganic phosphate transport in embryonic chick intestine: triiodothyronine enhances the genomic action of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. AB - The influence of triiodothyronine (T3) on the induction of intestinal calcium and inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25 (OH)2D3) was studied in 48 h cultures of embryonic chick jejunum. While T3 alone had no effect on calcium uptake by gut segments cultured on d 20 of embryonic development, the thyroid hormone amplified the effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on calcium transport and effectively shifted the dose-response curve to lower 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentrations. T3 had a dual effect on Pi uptake by cultured jejunum: It induced transport activity even in the absence of the steroid hormone, and, in addition, synergistically raised 1,25-(OH)2D3-related Pi uptake. In d 17 embryonic small intestine, which does not respond to 1,25-(OH)2D3 by a significant increase in Pi transport, T3 permitted the induction of Pi transport by the sterol. In general, the thyroid hormone enhanced the responsiveness of cultured embryonic intestine toward 1,25-(OH)2D3 by two orders of magnitude, resulting in facilitated induction of calcium and Pi transport by the sterol and, in particular, modulated the stage-specific expression of 1,25-(OH)2D3 action on intestinal Pi transport. PMID- 3210080 TI - 65Copper absorption by women fed intrinsically and extrinsically labeled goose meat, goose liver, peanut butter and sunflower butter. AB - Absorption of stable 65Cu incorporated intrinsically or extrinsically into foods was studied in women fed a diet marginal in Cu content. Isotopic enrichment was 73.1 +/- 1.0 atom percent 65Cu in goose breast meat, 74.9 +/- 0.5 atom percent in goose liver, and 55-69.5 atom percent in two crops of peanuts. Seven women were fed a basal diet containing 1.25 mg Cu/d. At 4-wk intervals, they were fed test meals over a 3-d period; each set of meals contained one of the labeled test foods in amounts with similar copper content. Absorption of 65Cu from intrinsically labeled liver was (mean +/- SD) 65 +/- 4%; extrinsic liver, 65 +/- 10%; E/I = 1.00 +/- 0.16. 65Cu absorption from intrinsically labeled goose breast meat was 54 +/- 6%; extrinsic meat, 52 +/- 10%; E/I = 0.97 +/- 0.18. 65Cu absorption from intrinsically labeled peanut butter was 58 +/- 15%; extrinsic peanut butter, 54 +/- 10%; E/I = 0.93 +/- 0.11. 65Cu absorption from extrinsically labeled sunflower butter was 50 +/- 2%. There were no differences in absorption of intrinsic and extrinsic Cu from these foods. Absorption of Cu was significantly higher from goose liver than from goose meat or sunflower butter (P less than 0.05). With a dietary intake of 1.25 +/- 0.20 mg Cu/d, Cu balance, exclusive of surface losses, was essentially zero (0.01 +/- 0.13 mg/d) in the seven subjects. PMID- 3210082 TI - The carnitine-deprived newborn rabbit: a potential model to study carnitine deficiency. AB - This report describes the novel development of an animal model for neonatal carnitine deficiency using the artificially fed newborn rabbit. Each litter was separated from the mother following the first colostrum feeding and divided into 2 groups, one of which was fed a purified rabbit formula that was essentially free of carnitine; the other received the same formula supplemented with L carnitine (100 mg/l). At 9-13 d of age, rabbit pups receiving the carnitine-free formula had lower concentrations of total, free and acylcarnitine in plasma and urine, as well as lower total acid soluble carnitine concentrations in liver, muscle, heart and brown adipose tissue than those receiving the same formula supplemented with L-carnitine. Their plasma and tissue levels were also lower, but their urinary carnitine concentrations were higher than those in naturally raised pups. The findings suggest that the described animal model may prove to be a useful tool for the investigation of certain aspects of neonatal carnitine deficiency. PMID- 3210083 TI - Amino acid requirements for growth of Nile tilapia. AB - A series of feeding experiments was conducted in aquaria to determine the quantitative requirements of the 10 essential amino acids for growth of young Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The test diets contained casein and gelatin supplemented by crystalline L-amino acids to provide an amino acid profile similar to 28% whole egg protein except for the test amino acid. Each set of test diets consisted of seven isonitrogenous diets containing varying levels of the amino acid to be tested. Weight gains analyzed by the broken line regression method indicated the following requirements as a percentage of the dietary protein: lysine, 5.12; arginine, 4.20; histidine, 1.72; valine, 2.80; leucine, 3.39; isoleucine, 3.11; threonine, 3.75; tryptophan, 1.00; methionine with cystine (0.54% of the protein), 3.21; and phenylalanine with tyrosine (1.79% of the protein), 5.54. PMID- 3210084 TI - Effects of dietary leucine, alpha-ketoisocaproate and isovalerate on antibody production and lymphocyte blastogenesis in growing lambs. AB - The chronic effects of oral leucine and leucine metabolites on sheep immune function were determined in two experiments. In replicate experiments, 30 mixed breed ram lambs were individually fed diets supplemented with approximately 0.05% ruminally protected limestone (control), alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), isovalerate (IVA) or leucine (Leu). Serum titers of antibodies produced in response to Brucella abortus antigen and porcine red blood cells were determined. Mitogen stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis was determined in experiment 2 by adding phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) to isolated lymphocytes and measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation. In both experiments, in lambs fed Leu, antibody production to porcine red blood cells was approximately 80% (P less than 0.05) of that in control animals. When KIC was fed, antibody titers to porcine red blood cells were approximately 120% (P less than 0.05) of that of controls. Compared to controls background lymphocyte blastogenesis was higher when KIC was fed, whereas background blastogenesis was lower when Leu was fed (KIC vs. Leu; P less than 0.05). IVA did not significantly affect either measurement. These data indicate that feeding Leu may adversely affect immune function by suppressing lymphocyte activity, whereas oral administration of KIC has a positive influence on immune function in sheep by increasing lymphocyte activity. PMID- 3210086 TI - The rise and fall of the cafeteria diet: some observations. PMID- 3210087 TI - Light scattering by an arbitrary particle: the scattering-order formulation of the coupled-dipole method. AB - The field scattered by an arbitrary particle modeled as an array of coupled dipoles can be expressed as an infinite series in terms of scattering orders. The fields of a given scattering order can be calculated from those of the previous order. When the series converge, the approximate method agrees well with the exact theory for a sphere. The maximum size of the dipolar array that can be used with the method as well as the number of terms required for convergence depends on the relative refractive index and the shape of the particle. PMID- 3210085 TI - Tumor necrosis factor-mediated hypoalbuminemia in rabbits. AB - The serum albumin concentration is used clinically as an indicator of nutritional status and as a prognostic indicator. Critically ill patients, who display many aspects of the acute phase response, frequently have low serum albumin levels upon hospitalization. Cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mediate many aspects of the acute phase response. One purpose of this study was to determine if TNF administration to healthy well-nourished rabbits could produce hypoalbuminemia. After intravenous administration of saline or TNF, the TNF treated rabbits experienced significant hypoalbuminemia which was most prominent at 24 h and was partially corrected by 48 h. A second purpose was to evaluate the effects of TNF treatment on transendothelial movement of albumin using an in vitro porcine pulmonary artery-endothelial cell system. Exposure to TNF for 24 h resulted in a dose dependent increase in transendothelial passage of albumin. These data suggest that the mechanisms of hypoalbuminemia frequently observed in critically ill patients can be explained in part by cytokine (TNF)-induced endothelial cell injury, which results in enhanced endothelial permeability to albumin. The hypoalbuminemia observed in many critically ill patients thus may be unrelated to nutritional status, but rather may be related to the patient's underlying disease state. PMID- 3210088 TI - Effects of chromatic adaptation on phase-dependent sensitivity to heterochromatic flicker. AB - Temporal modulation sensitivity was measured as a function of the relative phase of two equiluminous chromatic sources (564 and 625 nm) for temporal frequencies from 6 to 20 Hz. The difference between 180 degrees and the phase of least sensitivity was computed as the measured phase shift. A 2 degree test field was superimposed upon 8 degrees chromatic adapting fields with luminances from 100 to 3000 Td and chromaticities of 500, 600, and 650 nm. For each adapting field, the 564-nm source was set to 175 Td, and the 625-nm source was matched to it with heterochromatic flicker photometry (giving an effective mean luminance of 350 Td). The 650-nm adapting fields produced large changes in photometric setting but only small changes in the measured phase shift. The 600- and 500-nm adapting fields produced smaller changes in photometric setting but larger changes in the measured phase shift. In general, increased adapting luminance resulted in an increase in the measured phase shift for 600-nm adaptation and a decrease in the measured phase shift for 500-nm adaptation. PMID- 3210089 TI - Long-term variability in the spectral loci of unique blue and unique yellow. AB - The spectral loci of both unique blue and unique yellow were measured over a 16 month period. Using the method of constant stimuli, two neutrally adapted observers made forced-choice green or red responses to monochromatic test flashes. Results showed a consistent difference between observers (about 5 nm), considerable within-subject variability (standard deviation 3 nm), and significant long-term drifts (greater than 5 nm) in spectral loci. These results demonstrate the importance of frequently redetermining unique-hue loci when they are used as baselines in chromatic contrast and adaptation studies. PMID- 3210090 TI - Drift-balanced random stimuli: a general basis for studying non-Fourier motion perception. AB - To some degree, all current models of visual motion-perception mechanisms depend on the power of the visual signal in various spatiotemporal-frequency bands. Here we show how to construct counterexamples: visual stimuli that are consistently perceived as obviously moving in a fixed direction yet for which Fourier-domain power analysis yields no systematic motion components in any given direction. We provide a general theoretical framework for investigating non-Fourier motion perception mechanisms; central are the concepts of drift-balanced and microbalanced random stimuli. A random stimulus S is drift balanced if its expected power in the frequency domain is symmetric with respect to temporal frequency, that is, if the expected power in S of every drifting sinusoidal component is equal to the expected power of the sinusoid of the same spatial frequency, drifting at the same rate in the opposite direction. Additionally, S is microbalanced if the result WS of windowing S by any space-time-separable function W is drift balanced. We prove that (i) any space-time-separable random (or nonrandom) stimulus is microbalanced; (ii) any linear combination of pairwise independent microbalanced (respectively, drift-balanced) random stimuli is microbalanced and drift balanced if the expectation of each component is uniformly zero; (iii) the convolution of independent microbalanced and drift balanced random stimuli is microbalanced and drift balanced; (iv) the product of independent microbalanced random stimuli is microbalanced; and (v) the expected response of any Reichardt detector to any microbalanced random stimulus is zero at every instant in time. Examples are provided of classes of microbalanced random stimuli that display consistent and compelling motion in one direction. All the results and examples from the domain of motion perception are transposable to the space-domain problem of detecting orientation in a texture pattern. PMID- 3210091 TI - Special issue on AIDS. PMID- 3210092 TI - Caring for persons with AIDS: Initiatives. The London Lighthouse. PMID- 3210093 TI - AIDS Homecare and Hospice in San Francisco: a model for compassionate care. PMID- 3210094 TI - The experience of AIDS: case narratives and questions. The dying leper syndrome. PMID- 3210095 TI - The experience of AIDS: hypotheses based on pilot study interviews. PMID- 3210096 TI - Care: the moral mandate. PMID- 3210097 TI - A letter from Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross. PMID- 3210098 TI - Chronic and intermittent AIDS-related bereavement in a panel of homosexual men in New York City. PMID- 3210099 TI - AIDS: the challenge to pastoral care. PMID- 3210100 TI - Existential and spiritual concerns of people with AIDS. PMID- 3210101 TI - AIDS: observations of a hospital chaplain. PMID- 3210102 TI - Dying with dignity, and euthanasia: a view from The Netherlands. PMID- 3210103 TI - The experience of AIDS: case narratives and questions. Who's who. PMID- 3210104 TI - The experience of AIDS: case narratives and questions. Opening windows. PMID- 3210105 TI - Morphohistometric investigations in placentas of gestational diabetes. AB - Perinatal morbidity and mortality are increased in both overt and gestational diabetes. Since retardation of placental development has been documented in overt diabetes, we, thus, examined morphometrically the terminal villi of 26 patients with gestational diabetes in order to determine if there is an immaturity of placental development. Investigation of villous surface, degree of vascularization, and development of epithelial plates yielded values lying somewhere between those of non-diabetic patients and those of patients with overt diabetes. Only the surface areas of the vessels were reduced to levels lower than in overt diabetes. Our findings appear to explain the occasional development of acute placental insufficiency. PMID- 3210106 TI - Morphohistometric investigations of placentas of diabetic patients in correlation to the metabolic adjustment of the disease. AB - In order to determination if an interdependence exists between the well-known maturational disturbances in placentas of diabetics and the quality of metabolic adjustment, a morphometric study covering 7,500 terminal villi of 50 placentas was performed. The diabetic mothers were divided into two groups according to satisfactory or unsatisfactory blood glucose values. Significant differences in placental retardation were observed between both diabetic groups and a normal control group. Although outcomes did not differ greatly between the two diabetic groups, macrosomia and the ratio of malformations in the newborns correlate with unsatisfactory metabolic management. Small-for-date babies, the need for early termination of pregnancy as well as pre-eclampsia are related to the severity and duration of the disease. PMID- 3210107 TI - Effect of maternal intrapartum glucose therapy on neonatal blood glucose levels and neurobehavioral status of hypoglycemic term newborn infants. AB - Two groups of 45 term, vaginally delivered infants were studied to determine effect of maternal intrapartum glucose therapy on neonatal blood glucose level at birth and at one and 2 hours of age. Twenty-three infants whose mother received glucose infusion prior to delivery (study group) had a significantly higher mean cord blood glucose level, lower 2 hour blood glucose levels and about three times higher incidence of hypoglycemia (glucose level less than or equal to 2.2 mmol/l) as compared to 22 infants whose mothers did not receive any glucose or fluid therapy. Neurobehavioral evaluation of the infants at 1 and 2 hour demonstrated, a significant association between hypoglycemia and a low muscle tone score and a delayed habituation to various stimuli. Blood glucose levels must be routinely monitored in infants whose mother receive glucose infusion prior to delivery to detect and treat early neonatal hypoglycemia. PMID- 3210109 TI - Immunoglobulin levels in maternal and neonatal sera from normal and abnormal pregnancies. AB - IgG, IgM and albumin levels in sera from neonates with open neural tube defects (NTD), other congenital malformations, and matched controls were measured, as were levels in sera from their mothers. Neonates with NTD had significantly lower serum IgG levels than 22 control neonatal sera. On the other hand, the mothers of these neonates with NTD had elevated serum IgG levels resulting in a striking imbalance in the mother/neonate IgG ratio. In contrast to IgG, IgM levels in maternal and neonatal sera from the NTD group were within normal values. The maternal albumin levels were however significantly increased reflecting hemoconcentration. In sera from 3 neonates born with other congenital malformations (hydrocephaly, caudal appendage and sacral tumor) the only significant changes were higher IgM levels and lower mother/neonate IgM ratios. These results are discussed in the context of materno-fetal immune responses, placental transfer of plasma proteins and the possible involvement of immunoglobulins in fetal malformation. PMID- 3210108 TI - Smoking during pregnancy and the perinatal cadmium burden. AB - The association between maternal smoking and both morphometric birth parameters and the perinatal cadmium burden were studied. The cadmium concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in 100 samples of maternal whole blood (MB) and in 93 samples of umbilical cord blood (CB). In the group of nonsmokers, significantly higher birth weight and decreased relative placental weight were noted as compared to the group of smokers who smoked more than 6 cigarettes a day (p less than 0.05). In both maternal and cord blood samples, the measured Cd levels were found to be significantly higher in smokers than in the nonsmoking subjects (for MB and CB p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01 respectively). The average number of cigarettes smoked daily by the women had little effect on the levels of the metal. The Cd-MB strongly correlated with the Cd-CB (p less than 0.001). The cadmium values determined in MB and CB did not significantly affect any of the studied fetoplacental parameters. The reported findings give support for placental permeability to cadmium in humans and confirm that smoking during pregnancy leads to elevated Cd concentrations in both the mother and the fetus. PMID- 3210111 TI - Erythromycin therapy for subclinical intrauterine infections in threatened preterm delivery--a preliminary report. AB - Evidence suggests that subclinical intrauterine infections which can be indicated by elevated maternal CRP-values may cause preterm labor and that Ureaplasma urealyticum might play a role in the pathogenesis of preterm delivery. Since these organisms are sensitive to erythromycin, 43 patients with threatened preterm labor were at the time of tocolysis treated with erythromycin, or placebo in a randomized study. Treatment with erythromycin resulted in a greater mean delay of delivery for 9 days than among the placebo-treated women. This effect is statistically significant in patients with intact membranes and cervical dilatation: in contrast to the placebo group these women achieved an increased delay of 23 days before delivering. Moreover, successful erythromycin treatment was significantly associated with the isolation of ureaplasmas from vaginal swabs. Our results emphasize that in cases with cervical dilatation, vaginal microorganisms, especially ureaplasmas, are more liely to ascend and might be involved in the initiation of preterm labor. Therefore, additional treatment with erythromycin was beneficial only in these women. PMID- 3210110 TI - Maternal smoking and alcohol consumption as determinants of birth weight in an unselected study population. AB - A prospective study was conducted to determine the effects of maternal smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the birth weight of fetuses in an unselected study population. Several confounding factors were taken into account. The main factors associated with an increase of birth weight of both sexes were gestational age at birth and parity. Both maternal smoking and maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy had the effect of decreasing the birth weight of female fetuses, whereas smoking, but not alcohol, had a decreasing effect on birth weight of male and female fetuses. PMID- 3210112 TI - Clinical assessment of fetal lung maturity in high risk pregnancies using fluorescence polarization. PMID- 3210113 TI - Heterogeneity of congenital primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 3210114 TI - Half lives of nicotine in milk of smoking mothers: implications for nursing. PMID- 3210116 TI - Personality correlates of type A coronary-prone behavior. AB - The study investigates the relationship between Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern and self-concept, need for approval, extroversion, neuroticism, and trait anxiety. Eighty-eight undergraduate students completed the Jenkins Activity Survey, which measures the Type A personality; the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS; Fitts, 1965); the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale; the A-Trait Scale (Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970), and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. It was found that Type As scored lower on all the dimensions of self concept except the physical. It was also found that Type Bs scored higher on need for approval, but only on its avoidance component. In addition, Type As scored higher on extroversion and on neuroticism. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 3210115 TI - Type A personality, self-control, and vulnerability to stress. AB - Type A behavior (hard-driving, competitive, time-urgent, hostile-irritable) has been linked to high stress levels and the risk of eventual cardiovascular problems (i.e., coronary heart disease, CHD). However, this pattern of behavior closely resembles the traditional masculine instrumental (goal-oriented) orientation, and, if kept within limits, may be viewed as adaptive in success oriented, middle-class college students. Hypothetically then, Type A behavior may be displayed by a broad group of individuals, and only in those cases when it is allowed to reach extreme proportions is stress sufficient enough to confer risk. This article considers two lines of reasoning. Is greater self-control required for college women to be Type As, because it involves crossing into traditional male role behavior? Type A women displayed significantly better self-control then Type B women; the opposite result was disclosed for college men with Type As displaying poorer self-control than Type Bs. The question of whether risk conferring Type A behavior would result from poorer self-control was answered in the affirmative. Self-control assumed moderator status; poorer self-control in both male and female Type As was associated with high levels of day-to-day stress relative to Type As with better self-control. Self-control did not influence stress level in Type Bs. This moderator effect suggests that only Type As who cannot contain their behavior within adaptive limits will be vulnerable to excessive stress and at risk for CHD. PMID- 3210117 TI - Optimized split-half reliability for the Bender visual motor Gestalt test: further evidence for the use of the maximization procedure. AB - Bender-Gestalt protocols from a clinical sample (N = 100) were scored according to the Pascal-Suttell method and r11 derived for all possible split-half combinations (n = 35). The distribution of these 35 reliability coefficients proved to be negatively skewed, justifying the use of the maximum split-half reliability rather than the usual odd-even or alpha coefficients. The maximized r11, using only eight designs, was .72, which was higher than has heretofore been reported. Implications of low ns and negative skews for correlational distributions are discussed, and the maximization procedure is recommended even for psychometric tests when the number of items is low. PMID- 3210119 TI - Assessing dissimulation and denial on the MMPI in a sample of maximum security, male inmates. AB - Comparisons were made between three groups of maximum security inmates thought to possess varying degrees of motivation to either exaggerate or suppress psychiatric symptomatology in their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) self-report. A group of individuals requesting single-cell placement (the group hypothesized to be motivated to exaggerate symptomatology) were found to score significantly higher on Scale F, the F-K Index, and a number of special MMPI scales (i.e., D-O, Hy-O, Pd-O, Pa-O, Ma-O, Dissimulation Scale, total number of Obvious Items, O:S Ratio) and significantly lower on scales K, Hy-S, Ma-S, and the total number of Subtle items relative to inmates undergoing parole evaluations (denial condition) or entering group therapy (neutral condition). Differences between the parole and group therapy conditions were relatively small, with only D-O, Hy-O, and the Dissimulation Scale producing statistically significant results. These findings tend to support use of the MMPI in assessing a respondent's test-taking attitude, particularly in cases where the subject is attempting to exaggerate psychiatric symptomatology. PMID- 3210118 TI - The construct validity of the MMPI alexithymia scale with psychiatric inpatients. AB - Relatively few studies have addressed the issue of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) alexithymia scale's construct validity. In this study, the validity of the scale is supported by the finding of a significantly lower percentage of alexithymic individuals in a large sample of psychiatric inpatients than in samples of patients with a variety of physical disorders (i.e., migraine headaches, asthma bronchitis/emphysema, and hypertension). Validity of the scale is further supported through a comparison of the alexithymic and nonalexithymic psychiatric inpatients on a series of Rorschach and MMPI variables. As predicted, alexithymics were less verbally productive, displayed less ability to fantasize, and demonstrated greater defensive pseudonormality. Results suggest the measure may be of value in studies of psychiatric patients as well as those with physical disorders. PMID- 3210120 TI - Vietnam veterans: overreporting versus acceptable reporting of symptoms. PMID- 3210121 TI - Drinking practices among black and white alcoholics and alcoholics of different personality types. AB - In order to examine the effects that race and personality type have on self reported drinking practices, samples of 49 White and 49 Black male alcoholics were matched on age and education, and classified into two personality types according to MMPI scores. The results of multivariate and univariate analyses of variance yielded significant main effects. White alcoholics reported a greater: (a) use of alcohol for symptomatic relief of psychological distress, (b) loss of motor control and tendency to engage in destructive acts, and (c) daily consumption of beverage alcohol than Black alcoholics. Alcoholics with psychiatric-appearing MMPI profiles reported greater: (a) social benefits of alcohol use, (b) alcohol use for symptomatic relief of psychological distress, and (c) perceptual distortions associated with alcohol withdrawal than alcoholics with characterlogical-appearing MMPIs. Results were discussed in terms of need to control confounding effects of biosocial variables in cross-cultural research and implications that these effects may have on the generalizability of alcoholic personality typologies. PMID- 3210122 TI - The utility of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test in the detection of alcoholics and problem drinkers. AB - This study examined the vulnerability of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), a widely used, direct alcohol inventory, to positive dissimulation. An earlier study by developers of the MAST suggested that most alcoholics were unable to alter their scores and thereby avoid detection by the instrument. But closer examination indicated that a standard scoring procedure was not employed. This study examined the ability of alcoholics to avoid detection by the MAST when using a standard scoring procedure. As predicted, alcoholics readily manipulated their MAST scores and avoided detection when so motivated. These results are discussed, indications and contraindications for use are included, and recommendations regarding future research are made. PMID- 3210123 TI - Emotionality as a moderator of cognitive style on the Matching Familiar Figures Test in adults. AB - This study examined whether an emotional temperament moderated scores on the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT) in adults. It was predicted that people who were high in fear would score in the impulsive and reflective quadrants of the MFFT, and those who were low in fear would score in the other two quadrants of the MFFT. Eighty-five college students completed the EASI Temperament Survey and later the MFFT. The results supported the prediction. Relative to others, subjects who scored in the impulsive and reflective quadrants of the MFFT also scored significantly higher on the Fear subscale of the EASI Temperament Survey. Implications for the role of fear in interpreting scores on the MFFT were drawn. PMID- 3210124 TI - Detecting faking on the Rorschach: computer versus expert clinical judgment. AB - In a previous study of the ability of expert Rorschach interpreters to detect faking that used true and malingered protocols, the experts faired very poorly. In this study, 50% of these same protocols were scored by the Exner system and analyzed by Exner's Semantic Computer Interpretation program. The program indicated invalidity of protocols only on the basis of low R and designated the faked protocols high on psychotic descriptors, barely indicating psychosis for the true schizophrenic protocols. Unlike the judges, however, the computer gave no psychotic designation to the normal protocols. The scoring-computer analysis method was as susceptible to faking as were the clinical judgments. PMID- 3210125 TI - Usefulness of structural Rorschach data in identifying inpatients with depressive symptoms: a preliminary study. AB - To explore the usefulness of various structural Rorschach data in identifying psychiatric inpatients with symptoms of depression, 54 adult inpatients were administered a Rorschach. Results indicated that the Comprehensive System, Rorschach Depression Index did not identify many of these individuals as depressed, but did identify most of the extratensive depressed individuals. Each variable included in the Depression Index and other potential, Rorschach correlations of depression were also investigated. Most of them were found to occur more often among these depressed patients than among nonpatients. Furthermore, adding other variables and using more liberal cutoffs may result in more accurate identification of patients with depressive symptoms. PMID- 3210126 TI - Primary process thinking, divergent thinking, and coping in children. AB - The relationships among primary process thinking, divergent thinking, and coping were investigated in fifth-grade children. Specifically, it was hypothesized from psychodynamic theory that access to and integration of primary process thinking would be positively related to divergent thinking and that both integration of primary process and divergent thinking would be predictive of coping ability. The Rorschach (Holt's scoring system) and Alternate Uses Test (spontaneous flexibility score) were administered to 53 fifth-grade children. Zeitlin's Coping Inventory, a teacher's rating scale, was the coping measure. Results confirmed the hypotheses for boys in that the percentage of primary process and the Adaptive Regression score on the Rorschach were significantly related to divergent thinking, r(27) = .33, p less than .05 and r(27) = .34, p less than .05, respectively. Divergent thinking was significantly related to teachers' ratings of coping ability for boys, r(27) = .58, p less than .01. There were no significant relationships among the variables for girls. These sex differences in the pattern of correlations are consistent with previous findings. PMID- 3210127 TI - A psychometric study of stereotypes: assessment of malingering in a criminal forensic group. AB - This research investigates the validity of the stereotype of insanity defendants as malingerers by analyzing the proportions of insanity defendants who exaggerate psychopathology at the pre- and postacquittal stages of the legal process and by assessing the severity of psychopathology among preacquittal defendants. We administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to 49 insanity defendants evaluated for fitness to stand trial and/or sanity at the time of the alleged crime and to 52 subjects previously found not guilty by reason of insanity. Results indicated: (a) Contrary to the stereotype, a minority (14% to 41%) of insanity defendants clearly malingered, whereas 22% to 39% showed evidence of minimizing psychopathology. (b) Eighty-one percent of these subjects had MMPI profiles suggestive of psychosis, but relatively few showed evidence of primarily antisocial behavior. Thus, the malingering stereotype may be application to only a minority of insanity defendants and is specifically inapplicable to a substantial proportion who minimized psychopathology or showed evidence of psychosis consistent with the claim of insanity. PMID- 3210128 TI - Susceptibility of Rorschach distress correlates to malingering. AB - This study examined whether faking depression can affect Rorschach variables associated with distress. Fifty-eight nondepressed undergraduates were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups of 29 subjects each. All subjects took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Depression Scale, Rorschach Inkblot Test, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) under standard administration procedures. Immediately before taking the Rorschach and BDI, experimental group subjects were: (a) instructed to fake depression, (b) provided with a clinical description of the disorder, and (c) offered a cash incentive for the most convincing test display of depression. These conditions increased scores on the BDI, p less than .0001, Morbid Special Score, p less than .05, Bl, p less than .005, and reduced R, p less than .05, but affected no determinants. Power to detect a clinically significant effect of faking on the sum of gray-black determinants was .99 (alpha = .05). Major implications are: (a) abnormal frequencies of determinants should not be attributed to malingering, and (b) Rorschach content measures of depression are affected by impression management strategies. PMID- 3210129 TI - Toward an assessment of the construct validity of four measures of narcissism. AB - In recent years there has been growing conceptual interest in narcissism, coupled with the rapid development of several paper and pencil measures. Clearly, construct validation should be performed prior to the adoption of any measure. This study reports on the construct validation of four scales that purport to measure narcissism. A conceptual definition of narcissism is provided, and a number of empirical analyses are performed, including examination of internal consistency reliabilities, intercorrelations among the four narcissism scales, and correlations with related and unrelated measures. Three of the four scales were found to be consistently related to each other, and demonstrated similar patterns of substantive and discriminant validity. A factor analysis, performed to examine the structure of the four narcissism measures, suggests four dimensions: desire for attention, admiration, and authority; feelings of inadequacy, unhappiness, and worry; disturbances in interpersonal relationships (exploitation, sense of entitlement, lack of empathy); and sensitivity to criticism and defeat. Implications of the results are discussed. PMID- 3210130 TI - Public and private self-consciousness and social phobia. AB - The relationship between public and private self-consciousness and self-report questionnaires, clinician ratings, and various measures derived from an individualized simulation of an anxiety-provoking situation was examined in a sample of men and women seeking treatment for social phobia. As predicted, public, not private, self-consciousness was generally related to self-report and naive observer ratings of anxiety and to behavioral disruption during the simulation. The predicted relationship between public self-consciousness and how accurately subjects evaluated their performance in the anxiety-provoking situation was marginally supported. Hypotheses regarding the relationship between private self-consciousness and self-reported anxiety during an anxiety-provoking situation, and between private self-consciousness and the correspondence between physiological assessment and self-report, were not supported. The discussion focuses on methodological issues and the theoretical implications of the relationship between self-consciousness and social anxiety. PMID- 3210131 TI - Single-sign Rorschach suicide indicators: a validity study using a depressed inpatient population. AB - This study attempted to test the validity of using single responses on the Rorschach as indicators of current suicidal risk. Forty-one depressed inpatients were administered the Rorschach along with a concurrent measure of depression and suicidality. Appelbaum and Holzman's (1962) color-shading sign was found to be related to low suicidal risk, whereas Blatt and Ritzler's (1974) transparency sign was found to be unrelated to current suicidal risk, but still related to a past history of suicide attempts. Patients who saw these signs while depressed were also likely to see them when recovered, suggesting that the signs may indicate a "suicidal personality" who may or may not be in any immediate danger of committing suicide. PMID- 3210132 TI - Discriminant analysis of clinical outpatients and public school children by TEMAS: a thematic apperception test for Hispanics and blacks. AB - This study investigated the utility of the minority version of the Tell Me a Story (TEMAS) test, a thematic apperception technique for minorities and nonminorities, by discriminating public school and clinical Hispanic and Black children. The test is composed of 23 stimuli, depicting minority characters interacting in urban settings, and is scored for nine personality functions (e.g., aggression and anxiety). The subjects were 100 outpatients at psychiatric centers and 373 public school students, all from low socioeconomic (SES), inner city families. All subjects were tested individually by examiners of the same ethnicity. Results indicated that TEMAS profiles significantly, p less than .001, discriminated the two groups and explained 21% of the variance independent of ethnicity, age, and SES. Classification accuracy, based on the discriminant function, was 89%. The TEMAS profiles interacted with ethnicity; better discrimination was evident for Hispanics than Blacks. Results are discussed in terms of the need to develop and validate culturally sensitive personality tests for ethnic minorities. PMID- 3210133 TI - MMPI scale clinical correlates for adolescent inpatients. AB - This study examined descriptive correlates of single-scale, high-point elevations for Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales D, Hy, Pd, Sc, and Ma in a sample of 112 adolescent inpatients undergoing psychiatric treatment. Clinical descriptors were collected for subjects based on their psychometric self reports and on ratings and evaluations of these patients by parents, nursing staff, and individual psychotherapists. Subjects were assigned to a high-point category based on their highest, single clinical scale elevation, with the restrictions that such elevations be greater than or equal to T-score values of 65 and that high-point groups contain a minimum of 10 subjects. Clinical descriptors for subjects in each high-point group were compared to descriptors for all remaining subjects by means of chi-square, Fisher's Exact Test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques. Findings were interpreted in terms of their general consistency with descriptors derived for these MMPI scales in the adult literature. PMID- 3210134 TI - MMPI profiles of problem peace officers. AB - The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of officers who had been involved in serious disciplinary actions were compared with those of a matched group of officers who had not been involved in such actions. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found the profiles of the two groups to be significantly different, with Scales F, 5, 6, and 9 significantly higher and Scale L significantly lower for the problem group. In addition, subjects in the problem group were twice as likely to have a high-point elevation T-score greater than or equal to 70 as their nonproblem counterparts. Overall, these results indicate that any degree of psychopathology, as reflected by MMPI profile elevations, increases the likelihood of serious job performance problems. In addition, a presentation of self as conventional and moderately defended is associated with a lesser likelihood of job difficulty, whereas characteristics such as hypersensitivity, impulsivity, and poor frustration tolerance contribute to significant job problems. PMID- 3210135 TI - Comparison of response formats for Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales: six levels versus two levels. AB - Two formats of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales were administered to 54 college students. Each subject completed the MHLC Scales in the standard 6-level response format (ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree) and in a revised 2-level format (ranging from disagree to agree). Comparisons of internal consistency measures, principal components, and classification of subjects into groups indicate that the 2-level response format yields comparable data to those obtained with the 6-level format, particularly when classification of subjects is the goal. PMID- 3210137 TI - Rapid and simple synthesis for the sulphate esters of 6-hydroxy-melatonin and N acetyl-serotonin. AB - Melatonin is metabolised by hydroxylation at the 6 position and to a variable extent by demethylation. Both metabolites so formed are excreted as sulphate and, to a lesser extent, glucuronide conjugates. To authenticate these metabolites which we had earlier isolated from urine, we wished to have synthetic samples. Since we also required them as standards we needed them as powders. A review of the literature showed that there were only two published methods, of which only one gave rise to 6-sulphatoxy-melatonin (SaMT) as a solid. The other metabolite, N-acetyl-serotonin-sulphate (SNAS), has not been previously made, and we here describe some of its chemical properties. Our method modifies a published method taking into account the results given in a recent paper describing the sulphation of the thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. Hydroxy-melatonin is thus reacted with a complex formed from dimethylformamide and chlorosulphonic acid. The reaction is of interest since it is rapid, easy, and produces pure powdered material in excellent yield. PMID- 3210136 TI - Effects of melatonin and 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone on photoperiodic control of testis size in adult male golden hamsters. AB - Consumption of young plants containing 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) appears to play an important role in the initiation of reproduction each spring in wild populations of the montane vole. Following its identification, 6-MBOA has been found to stimulate the reproductive system in a number of rodent species, but the mechanism of action remains unknown. The chemical structure of 6-MBOA is similar to melatonin, which, in addition to its well-known antigonadal effects, can exert a progonadal influence under certain experimental conditions. To determine if 6 MBOA might act as a melatonin agonist, four experiments were conducted to compare the effect of these two compounds on testis size in the golden hamster, a rodent whose responses to melatonin are well characterized. 1) Hamsters exposed to 14 h light per day (14L:10D) received a daily injection of melatonin (25.0 micrograms) or 6-MBOA (17.8 micrograms). 2) Hamsters exposed to 6L:18D received Silastic capsules (50 or 200 mm) containing melatonin or 6-MBOA. 3) Hamsters exposed to 6L:18D received chow containing melatonin (21.1 or 42.2 micrograms/gm chow) or 6 MBOA (15.0 or 30.0 micrograms/gm). 4) Hamsters exposed to 6L:18D received drinking water containing melatonin (15.5 micrograms/ml) or 6-MBOA (11.0 micrograms/ml). Testis widths were determined at 2--3 week intervals, and after 66-73 days testes were removed and weighed. Melatonin significantly influenced testis size in each experiment, but treatment with 6-MBOA had no effect in any of these experimental paradigms, indicating that 6-MBOA does not act as a melatonin agonist in the hamster. However, these results indicate that the consumption of melatonin (and presumably melatonin agonists) could serve as an environmental stimulus for reproductive activity. PMID- 3210138 TI - Effects of photoperiod on the 24-hour melatonin profiles of the Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus). AB - The Bennett's wallaby is a seasonal breeder in which photoperiod is an important proximate factor involved in regulating the timing of the breeding season. The present study was undertaken in order to describe the melatonin profiles of female wallabies under natural photoperiod and to examine the effects of abrupt changes in day length on the melatonin profile. Under artificial and natural photoperiods, plasma melatonin concentrations were low or nondetectable during the day but increased after the onset of darkness to values of up to 50 pg/ml. Under natural photoperiod, melatonin profiles were obtained from animals on December 17, April 3, June 26, and October 7. The duration of the nocturnal melatonin rise was positively correlated with the duration of the night, and there was no significant effect of time of year on the amplitude of the nocturnal melatonin peak. In a further study, 12 animals were placed in 9L:15D and after 7 days, one-half were transferred to 18.5L:5.5D for 6 weeks. Before and after each change of photoperiod, melatonin profiles were obtained from both groups. As demonstrated for animals on natural photoperiod, duration but not amplitude of the nocturnal melatonin rise was affected by day length. It is noteworthy that two of the 17 animals used in this study did not show evidence of a nocturnal rise in melatonin levels. PMID- 3210139 TI - Cytodifferentiation of the chick pineal gland, with special reference to the photosensory and secretory elements. AB - Cytodifferentiation of the chick pineal gland throughout the embryonic development was investigated with light and electron microscopy. The chick pineal anlage appears first as a small evagination in the diencephalic roof at 60 h of incubation (27-30 somites). Until day 5 of incubation, pineal anlage cells are undifferentiated and appear similar to ventricular ependymal cells. Subsequently, pinealocytes and supporting cells are first distinguishable at 7-8 days, and parafollicular cells are distinguishable at 12 days of incubation. Pigment containing cells after 6 days and nerve cells after 17 days of incubation gradually increase, especially in the posterior wall of the pineal recess. During embryonic development, the chick pineal gland has both photosensory and secretory elements: viz. the former, mitochondria-laden apical protrusions, synaptic ribbons, lamellar whorl-like cilia of the pinealocytes, and adjacent appearance of the pigment-containing cells and the nerve cells; and the latter, dense-cored vesicles of the pinealocytes and dense bodies of the supporting cells. Moreover, nuclear invaginations having a large lipid droplet nearby and some aggregations of glycogen are found in the pinealocytes and are transitory changes in structure restricted to certain days of incubation. PMID- 3210140 TI - Emotion in social reflection and comparison situations: intuitive, systematic, and exploratory approaches. AB - We asked 26 subjects to recall and describe social situations in which either a close or a distant other performed better or worse than the self at an activity that was either high or low in relevance to the self. Subjects then rated the extent to which they experienced each of 18 different emotions in each situation. They also rated each situation on a series of dimensions that Smith and Ellsworth (1985) found to be consequential for differentiating emotions. In a series of analyses guided by intuitive hypotheses, the Smith and Ellsworth theoretical approach, and a relatively unconstrained, open-ended exploration of the data, the situations were found to vary with respect to the emotions of pride, jealousy or envy, pride in the other, boredom, and happiness. We discuss the results in terms of their relevance to emotion theories and to the self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. PMID- 3210141 TI - Influence of positive affect on the subjective utility of gains and losses: it is just not worth the risk. AB - A modification of the procedure originally used by Davidson, Suppes, and Siegel (1956) to measure subjective utility was used to study the influence of positive affect on individuals' perceived value (utility) functions. Results indicated, as expected, that persons in whom positive affect had been induced showed a more negative subjective utility for losses than did controls. This indicates that losses seem worse to people who are feeling happy than to those in a control condition. The subjective utility functions of the two groups did not differ as much, however, when people were considering potential gain. Thus, at least in the situation tested in this study, potential gains did not seem to be more appealing (nor less so) for affect subjects than they did for controls. These findings are discussed in relation to theoretical issues in decision making and work suggesting that positive affect can promote increased sensitivity to losses in situations of potential meaningful loss. PMID- 3210142 TI - Stereotypic biases in social decision making and memory: testing process models of stereotype use. AB - Two information-processing mechanisms that could potentially contribute to judgmental discrimination against the members of stereotyped social groups were examined in two experiments, using a mock juror decision-making task. Both postulated mechanisms involve biased processing of judgment-relevant evidence. The interpretation hypothesis asserts that the activation of stereotypic concepts influences the perceived probative implications of other evidence. The selective processing hypothesis asserts that stereotype-consistent evidence is processed more extensively than is inconsistent evidence. Judgment and memory data from the first experiment supported the general notion that stereotype-based discrimination emerges from biased evidence processing. The specific pattern of results supported selective processing rather than interpretation biases as the critical process underlying observed judgmental discrimination. The second experiment corroborated this conclusion by showing that a manipulation that prevents selective processing of the evidence effectively eliminated biases in judgments and recall pertaining to stereotyped targets. Implications for a general understanding of stereotyping and discrimination are discussed. PMID- 3210143 TI - Effects of long-term exposure to violent and sexually degrading depictions of women. AB - In this study we investigated the effects of emotional desensitization to films of violence against women and the effects of sexually degrading explicit and nonexplicit films on beliefs about rape and the sexual objectification of women. Male subjects viewed either two or five R-rated violent "slasher," X-rated nonviolent "pornographic," or R-rated nonviolent teenage-oriented ("teen sex") films. Affective reactions and cognitive perceptions were measured after each exposure. Later, these men and no-exposure control subjects completed a voir dire questionnaire, viewed a reenacted acquaintance or nonacquaintance sexual assault trial, and judged the defendant and alleged rape victim. Subjects in the violent condition became less anxious and depressed and showed declines in negative affective responses. They were also less sympathetic to the victim and less empathetic toward rape victims in general. However, longer film exposure was necessary to affect general empathy. There were no differences in response between the R-rated teen sex film and the X-rated, sexually explicit, nonviolent film, and the no-exposure control conditions on the objectification or the rape trial variables. A model of desensitization to media violence and the carryover to decision making about victims is proposed. PMID- 3210144 TI - Affect and memory: effects of pleasant and unpleasant odors on retrieval of happy and unhappy memories. AB - Interpretation of studies of induced mood and memory is complicated by the fact that mood induction procedures may elicit mood-related cognition in addition to mood per se. We used odors to produce positive and negative experiences with minimal cognitive involvement. College women recalled memories cued by neutral words while exposed to a pleasant odor, unpleasant odor, or no odor. Subjects then rated their memories as to how happy or unhappy the events recalled were at the time they occurred. Subjects in the pleasant odor condition produced a significantly greater percentage of happy memories than did subjects in the unpleasant odor condition. When subjects who did not find the odors at least moderately pleasant or unpleasant were removed from the analysis, more pronounced effects on memory were found. The results suggest that congruence between the general hedonic tone of current experience and that of material in long-term memory is sufficient to bias retrieval. PMID- 3210145 TI - Person perception and the bounded rationality of social judgment. AB - In this article, we develop a bounded rationality view of the relation between person perception and social behavior. Two theses of this approach are that behaviors vary in their significance to observers, and that observers pursue bounded rather than global utility in forming personality impressions. Observers are expected to be sensitive to targets' overall behavioral tendencies and to the variability of their behavior across situations, but both sensitivities are bounded, being greater for behaviors that directly affect observers' outcomes. In two investigations involving extensive hourly and 6-s observations, we examined the bounded utility of people's impressions of personality, demonstrating how impression accuracy is linked to the significance of behaviors. Observers were sensitive to the organization of aggressive behaviors, but less sensitive to the organization of withdrawn behaviors, even when the consistency of those behaviors was comparable. The results clarify the relation between people's inferential shortcomings in laboratory paradigms and the bounded utility of person perception in the natural environment. PMID- 3210146 TI - Motivational factors in nonincarcerated sexually aggressive men. AB - Research on convicted rapists has demonstrated the importance of several key motivational factors in male sexual aggression. In particular, anger at women and the need to dominate or control them have been repeatedly implicated. Although anger and power have also been shown to be important in understanding college men who report sexually aggressive behavior, there has been little research on what underlies these motives. This research combined questions assessing these underlying motivational factors, as well as questions dealing with underlying sexual motivation and disinhibition, with a slightly modified version of the Sexual Experiences Survey (Koss & Oros, 1982). In Study 1, subjects were 184 male undergraduates. Factor analysis of the questions composing the four scales yielded four slightly modified scales. Scales measuring underlying anger, underlying power, and disinhibition significantly differentiated sexually aggressive from nonaggressive men but did not distinguish between men who were coercive, manipulative, or nonaggressive. In a replication on a smaller sample (n = 70), underlying anger, underlying power, and disinhibition again differentiated sexually aggressive from nonaggressive men. PMID- 3210147 TI - Academic stress, social support, and secretory immunoglobulin A. AB - We examined the relation of academic stress and social support to salivary concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA), an antibody class that plays an important role in mucosal defense against acute upper respiratory tract infections. We assayed whole, unstimulated saliva samples collected from 15 healthy undergraduates 5 days before their final exam period, during their exam period, and 14 days after their last final exam for S-IgA concentrations by single radial immunodiffusion. The students rated the university's general psychological climate as being more stressful during the exam period compared with the two other periods. Paralleling this, their salivary concentrations of S IgA were lower during the exam period. Students who reported more adequate social support at the preexam period had consistently higher S-IgA levels than did their peers reporting less adequate social support. This latter finding is consonant with the social support direct effects hypothesis, which states that social support enhances health outcomes irrespective of whether the individual is exposed to stressful experiences. PMID- 3210148 TI - Repression of emotionally tagged memories: the architecture of less complex emotions. AB - We asked subjects to recall memories of events that evoked feelings of anger, sadness, fear, and embarrassment. These memories evoked patterns of dominant and nondominant emotions. The dominant emotions evoked by the recalled events were no less intense for repressors than nonrepressors, but repressors' patterns of nondominant emotions were less intense than those of nonrepressors. The data suggested that for repressors the associative network of negative emotional memories may be more discrete and less complex than that for nonrepressors. This finding was consistent with recent research indicating that negative emotional memories are less accessible for repressors than for nonrepressors. The pattern of multivariate effects suggests that this repressive memorial architecture may serve the motive of isolating fear-associated memories. PMID- 3210149 TI - Chronic stress and coping styles: a comparison of male and female undergraduates. AB - Male and female coping behaviors were compared in order to test the theory that men use instrumental coping strategies more frequently than women, who are thought to use emotion-focused coping solutions. We interviewed 51 female and 39 male first-year undergraduates by telephone three times a week for 8 weeks, using an inventory developed for 28 chronic stressors. Analyses of variance were used to test gender differences in frequency of daily stressors, concomitant perceptions of stress, and utilization of problem-solving behaviors. The majority of analyses showed no gender differences. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of cultural expectations. PMID- 3210150 TI - Personality as the basis for theoretical predilections. AB - Four groups of behavioral scientists with divergent theoretical persuasions--43 sociobiologists, 25 behaviorists, 35 personality psychologists, and 16 human developmentalists--showed significantly different mean scores on two measures of philosophical assumptions: the World Hypothesis Scale (WHS) and the Organicism Mechanism Paradigm Inventory (OMPI). The OMPI, which appears to be more psychometrically sound than the WHS, showed in 12 additional groups of subjects (N = 622) consistent correlations with self-report and peer ratings of personality, intellectual and interpersonal style, and occupational interests. Taken together, the two studies suggest that behavioral scientists' philosophical presuppositions (e.g., whether reality is better described by stable, isolated elements or changing holistic patterns; and whether persons are passive and reactive or purposive and active) may mirror their views of themselves. PMID- 3210151 TI - Taxonomic studies of Acinetobacter species based on the electrophoretic analysis of enzymes. AB - Thirty six strains of Acinetobacter, 22 strains from the culture collections and 14 isolates from soil and cotton samples, were examined for the presence of twelve enzymes using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A numerical analysis was carried out on the basis of similarity values obtained from the electrophoretic mobilities of the enzymes. The strains used were divided into four clusters (Z-1, Z-2, Z-3 and Z-4), and cluster Z-1 was further divided into three subclusters (Z 1a, Z-1b and Z-1c). The type strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus IAM 12087 (ATCC 23055) and Acinetobacter lwoffii ATCC 15309 were found to belong to subcluster Z-1a and cluster Z-4, respectively. The radiation-resistant strain FO 1, a new type of acinetobacters, was included in cluster Z-3. Superoxide dismutase showed clearly distinguishable mobilities among four clusters, and was concluded to be useful in grouping acinetobacters. PMID- 3210152 TI - Circadian rhythm in theophylline disposition during a constant-rate intravenous infusion of aminophylline in the dog. AB - The disposition of theophylline in three dogs was determined during a 48-h constant-rate intravenous infusion of aminophylline. A systematic fluctuation in serum theophylline concentrations was observed over a 24-h period, which appeared to be characteristic of a circadian rhythm. Neither assay variability nor fluctuations in the infusion pump rate could account for the observed variations in the serum concentrations. It was concluded that the changes in the theophylline concentrations were the result of a circadian rhythm in theophylline disposition. PMID- 3210153 TI - Effect of amiodarone on the disposition of procainamide in the rat. AB - We examined the effect of amiodarone on the disposition of procainamide in the rat to determine the mechanism of a reported interaction between amiodarone and procainamide and to determine the effect of amiodarone on drug acetylation. Animals received a 5-d pretreatment with amiodarone hydrochloride (100 mg/kg) or diluent prior to the intravenous administration of 50 mg/kg of procainamide hydrochloride. The plasma clearance, volume of distribution, and half-life of procainamide did not significantly differ between the two groups. The urinary recovery of N-acetylprocainamide was increased by 31% (p less than 0.01) in amiodarone pretreated animals. However, there was no change in the partial clearance of procainamide to N-acetylprocainamide. Neither the renal clearance of procainamide nor N-acetylprocainamide was altered by amiodarone pretreatment. These data suggest that amiodarone interacts with procainamide by reduction of an alternate pathway of elimination, possibly oxidative metabolism. PMID- 3210154 TI - Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen in humans and rats. AB - Flurbiprofen, a 2-arylpropionic acid (2-APA) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), exists as racemate and is used as such. Although the activity of 2-APAs is due mainly to their S-enantiomers, information on the pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen is usually based on the measurement of total concentrations of S- and R-flurbiprofen. In this work, the pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen enantiomers following single doses were studied in humans and rats. Upon iv administration of 10 mg/kg of racemic flurbiprofen to male Sprague-Dawley rats, the plasma concentrations were consistently higher for S-flurbiprofen than for R flurbiprofen (AUC = 134 +/- 39 versus 41 +/- 9 mg.L-1 h). In bile duct-cannulated rats, the biliary excretion contained only 3.6-5.2% of the dose as conjugated flurbiprofen (S:R = 1.2-2.1). After administration of R-flurbiprofen to the rat, both enantiomers were found in plasma [AUC(R):AUC(S) = 0.10-0.16], indicating a limited extent of enantiomeric bioinversion. This is consistent with the previously reported limited extent of flurbiprofen uptake into fat. In healthy volunteers also, significant stereoselectivity was observed in the plasma concentration of the drug after 100-mg oral racemic doses [AUC-(S):AUC(R) = 45.4 +/- 12.7:40.1 +/- 14.3 mg.L-1.h]. As compared with the R-enantiomer, S flurbiprofen has a smaller volume of distribution (7.23 +/- 1.9 versus 8.41 +/- 3.0 L) and total clearance (1.23 +/- 0.34 versus 1.47 +/- 0.50 L/h), but an equal half-life (4.21 +/- 1.2 versus 4.18 +/- 1.3 h). In urine, on the other hand, the R-configuration was predominant, as greater amounts of the R-enantiomer were found both as conjugated flurbiprofen and as an unidentified metabolite. Negligible amounts of intact flurbiprofen enantiomers were detected in urine. The observed stereoselectivity in humans cannot be attributed to enantiomeric bioinversion, as S-flurbiprofen was not detected in plasma and urine after oral administration of R-flurbiprofen. PMID- 3210155 TI - Pharmacokinetics of flunoxaprofen in rats, dogs, and monkeys. AB - The kinetics of flunoxaprofen, an anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drug, was studied in rats (Charles River), dogs (beagles), and monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Plasma levels, after oral and iv administration of 20-40 mg/kg, and urinary excretion were followed for 24-72 h; the determinations were performed by gas chromatography. Levels in various organs and in rat bile were also determined. The pharmacokinetic parameters show noteworthy similarities in the three species studied: high bioavailability, extensive biotransformations with small urinary excretion of unmodified drug, total clearance between 40 and 50 mL/h/kg, and peak plasma levels of approximately 200 micrograms/mL. Rats show a high value in volume of distribution (2 L/kg), whereas dogs and monkeys show a volume of distribution between 0.13 and 0.18 L/kg. In the rat, the half-life of the drug is approximately 70 h, whereas in the dog and monkey, a half-life of approximately 2 h was found. PMID- 3210156 TI - Interindividual changes in volume of distribution of cefazolin in newborn infants and its prediction based on physiological pharmacokinetic concepts. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting the volume of distribution of cefazolin (a beta-lactam antibiotic) in newborn infants with bacterial infections, and to propose a method for predicting the volume of distribution at steady state per body weight (Vdss/BW). Cefazolin and tobramycin (an aminoglycoside) were simultaneously given to newborn infants (aged 2 to 28 d), and plasma concentration-time data were analyzed on the basis of model independent moment analysis. The Vdss/BW values ranged from 0.212 to 0.373 L/kg for cefazolin and from 0.384 to 0.541 L/kg for tobramycin. The unbound fraction of cefazolin in plasma (fp) fluctuated widely, from 0.22 to 0.83, among patients. The Vdss/BW value for cefazolin was characterized by both large extracellular water volume and a remarkable change in fp, and could be predicted as a function of fp using physiological pharmacokinetic concepts. Moreover, interindividual changes in the unconjugated bilirubin:albumin molar ratio were predominantly responsible for the individual variation in the fp values of cefazolin in newborn infants. PMID- 3210157 TI - Quantitative selected ion monitoring processing system: software and hardware for the automated collection and analysis of selected ion monitoring data acquired for use in pharmacokinetic studies. AB - The Quantitative Selected Ion Monitoring Processing System (QSIMPS) is a collection of software and hardware which was designed with the capacity to analyze 30,600 samples per year in support of pharmacokinetic studies. On a per sample basis, QSIMPS was designed to inject a sample into the GC, control the GC divert valve, collect selected ion monitoring data, identify the peaks for the drug and one metabolite and each compound's reference standard, fit the peaks to a relevant chromatographic model, calculate chromatographic features of merit, calculate the peak heights and ratio of the drug and its reference standard and the metabolite and its reference standard, and, using calibration data, convert the ratio to an amount of drug. On a per tray (batch) basis, QSIMPS was designed to fit all the peak height ratios from the calibration standards to either a linear equation, or a generalized nonlinear isotope dilution equation, report a statistical analysis of the fit, and, using aliquot factors, convert the measured amount of drug into concentrations. On a per project basis, QSIMPS prints reports summarizing statistical data on the calibration standards and the quality assurance samples, and prints reports presenting the concentration data as a function of, for examples, subject, drug treatment, time postdose, etc., along with other ancillary data such as subject sex, weight, species, etc. In addition, QSIMPS can fit the concentration data to a number of common pharmacokinetic model derived equations, and report the resulting pharmacokinetic parameters along with a statistical comparison of the parameters. PMID- 3210158 TI - Membrane-limited hepatic transport of the conjugative metabolites of 4 methylumbelliferone in rats. AB - The hepatic transports of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and its conjugative metabolites, the glucuronide (4-MUG) and sulfate (4-MUS), were investigated in rats with various methods. The extraction ratio (E) was estimated with the multiple indicator dilution (MID) method using isolated perfused rat liver. The values of E for 4-MUG and 4-MUS were much lower (less than 0.2) than that for the parent compound, 4-MU (0.89). In addition, we examined the simulation of the outflow curves of conjugates based on the "distributed" model in which we varied the permeability between the blood and hepatocytes. When the permeability was much smaller relative to the hepatic blood flow, the simulated curve was superimposed on the dilution curve. These results suggest that the influx permeabilities of these conjugates are so low that little extraction occurs during the passage through the liver. Measuring the unidirectional uptake of these conjugates into the liver with the in vitro centrifugal filtration method using isolated hepatocytes, we determined the influx permeabilities (PSinf(total] for the total ligands. The value of PSinf(total) determined with the in vitro method was extrapolated to that per gram of liver, assuming 1 g of liver has 1.3 X 10(8) cells. The values of PSinf(total) for 4-MU, 4-MUG, and 4-MUS were 4.8, 0.06, and 0.11 mL/min/g liver, respectively. Thus, the influx permeabilities for 4-MUG and 4-MUS were much smaller than the hepatic blood flow (1.6 mL/min/g liver), confirming the results of MID method. PMID- 3210159 TI - A novel dosing method for drug administration to the airways of the isolated perfused rat lung. AB - A novel method is described for the reproducible administration of known liquid quantities to the peripheral airways of the isolated perfused rat lung. The basis of the technique was to use a 25-microL metered dose of fluorocarbon propellant to expel liquid (as a coarse spray) from an intratracheal dosing cartridge into the airways, while simultaneously inflating the lungs with a fixed volume of gas. The methodology is illustrated by administration of 100-microL volumes of aqueous disodium fluorescein solutions to a series of lung preparations. The reproducibility and regional distribution of dosing were determined by dissection, homogenization, and fluorimetric assay. Even though the dye was distributed nonuniformly between the lung lobes, in a series of preparations, 65.9 +/- 4.8% of the recovered dose was still deposited in the lung periphery, the site from which absorption is believed to occur. The method will enable the study of airway-to-perfusate transfer kinetics for compounds administered in a variety of different liquid formulations. PMID- 3210160 TI - Polyanhydride microsphere formulation by solvent extraction. AB - A novel process based on solvent extraction was developed to produce drug-loaded polyanhydride microspheres for controlled-release applications. The technique consists of adding a chloroform solution of polyanhydride and drug into a stirred silicone oil phase containing suspended droplets of surfactant. No chemical reaction, heating, nor contact with water was required in this process. The microspheres produced were capable of releasing various dyes for prolonged periods of time. PMID- 3210161 TI - Determination of hydroxylamine traces in propionohydroxamic acid bulk drug and pharmaceutical preparations by capillary gas chromatography. AB - A specific, sensitive, accurate, and precise capillary gas chromatographic assay for determining trace levels of hydroxylamine, a well-known mutagen, in propionohydroxamic acid bulk drug and oral preparations is described. The analytical procedure involves derivatization in a nonaqueous medium with cyclohexanone and use of an internal standard. The derivative is then determined by capillary GC with a cool on-column injector and a nitrogen-selective detector. Effects of different matrices on the measurement were also determined. The lower limit of quantitation was 7 ppm, and the response was linear from 10 to 260 ppm. The procedure is simple and rapid enough for routine purposes. PMID- 3210162 TI - Simultaneous determination of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, and dextromethorphan hydrobromide by second-derivative photodiode array spectroscopy. AB - The simultaneous determination of the active ingredients in multicomponent pharmaceutical products normally requires the use of a separation technique, such as HPLC or GC, followed by quantitation. Presented here is a rapid, validated, analytical method that does not require prior separation for the simultaneous determination of three drugs, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, and dextromethorphan hydrobromide, in a tablet formulation. A diode array spectrophotometer, capable of multicomponent analysis, was used for the quantitation. The utility of this method was demonstrated in two ways: the analysis of a chewable pediatric tablet (formulation CP) containing 7.5 mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 0.5 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate, and 2.5 mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, and the dissolution analysis of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based sustained-release tablet (formulation SR) containing 120 mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 8 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate, and 60 mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide. The sensitivity of this assay is 7.5 micrograms/mL for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 1.0 micrograms/mL for chlorpheniramine maleate, and 5.0 micrograms/mL for dextromethorphan hydrobromide, using the second-derivative spectra of the absorbance with respect to wavelength. Determinations were made in 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.0 using a 1-cm quartz cell. Absorbance spectra, and their first and second derivatives, from 240 to 300 nm were used for the determination. The results obtained by this method compared favorably with the results obtained by a validated HPLC method. PMID- 3210163 TI - Stability of morphine solutions in plastic syringes determined by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography. AB - A reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC assay has been developed for quantitating morphine, codeine, apomorphine, and pseudomorphine in aqueous solutions. Using two types of plastic syringes, the effect of light (25 W) and temperature (22 and 3 degrees C) on the stability of morphine, over a 12-week period, has been investigated in the presence and absence of preservative and antioxidant. The leaching of contaminants from the plastic syringes to water stored in them, for a period of up to 12 weeks, has also been investigated. The results indicate that less than 3% of the morphine is degraded in both types of plastic syringes, stored in light at 22 +/- 2 degrees C. The degradation is even less prominent in the dark or at 3 degrees C. Pseudomorphine has been identified as the major degradation product. Using 5% degradation of drug as the criterion for the determination of the shelf-life of morphine, it was found that in one brand of plastic syringes, morphine has a shelf-life of the order of 20 and 33 weeks, in the absence and presence of preservative and antioxidant, respectively. In the other brand of plastic syringe, the drug has a shelf-life of greater than 1 year. Some unidentified leached contaminants have been detected in water stored in both brands of syringes. PMID- 3210164 TI - Application of fractal dimension to the study of the surface ruggedness of granular solids and excipients. AB - This report describes the use of fractal analysis in the study of the surface ruggedness of pharmaceutical solids. A comparison of the fractal dimension of granules and excipients prepared by different techniques revealed a possible correlation between the physical behavior of these granules and their surface geometry. The applications of the proposed tool in the study of the surface geometry of pharmaceutical bulk solids are discussed. PMID- 3210165 TI - Kinetics of drug action in disease states XXVIII: Effect of acute hypovolemia on theophylline-induced neurotoxicity in rats. PMID- 3210166 TI - Commentary on "extended least squares (ELS) for pharmacokinetic models". PMID- 3210167 TI - Risk management guidelines for dental office staff. PMID- 3210168 TI - The law and your profession. PMID- 3210169 TI - Your CE topic (No. 35). Premenstrual syndrome: diagnosis, etiologies, therapy. PMID- 3210170 TI - "Once a coach ... always a coach". ALS patient "coaches" students through home health clinicals. PMID- 3210171 TI - The Delserone communication system. PMID- 3210172 TI - The medical tribe. A transcultural teaching device. PMID- 3210173 TI - Teaching care plans. A five-step approach. PMID- 3210174 TI - The Uniform Health Care Information Act: an informed approach to medical record confidentiality. PMID- 3210176 TI - The RCT proposal, the entry-level issue and the nursing shortage. PMID- 3210175 TI - Your CE topic (No. 36). Clinical manifestations: post-drug impairment syndrome. PMID- 3210177 TI - Rubella prevention--a new era? PMID- 3210179 TI - Continuing education for general practitioners. PMID- 3210178 TI - The role of general practitioners in supporting carers of the elderly in the community. PMID- 3210181 TI - The nature of unemployment morbidity. 2. Description. AB - A longitudinal, controlled study on job loss and health using general practice records has concluded that unemployment morbidity among men made redundant can be identified as an increase in those episodes of illness which are associated with many consultations. The possibility that these episodes represent chronic ill health has been tested using the same data base. If chronic illnesses are defined as those requiring active management after one year, their incidence among unemployed men was over six times that among controls (P<0.001). Cardiovascular disorders were frequently detected in the unemployed men and several of the other chronic complaints they suffered may also have had a psychosomatic aetiology related to stress. The consequent workload in terms of consultations, investigations, referrals, outpatient attendances and drug therapy increased significantly after job loss. More frequent, short-lived illnesses showed continuing downward trends in study and control men.The results suggest that unskilled men face a serious health hazard if made redundant. Investigating and treating their chronic disabilities leads to an increased medical workload and must further burden the health service. PMID- 3210180 TI - The nature of unemployment morbidity. 1. Recognition. AB - The case records of one group practice have been used as the data base for a longitudinal, controlled study of unemployment and health. Previous numerical analyses have shown increases in reported morbidity in families threatened with and experiencing unemployment. The illnesses reported have now been classified by diagnostic category. The illnesses normally most prevalant were presented less frequently when patients' jobs were insecure and lost, contradicting the suggestion that excess morbidity reported by the unemployed results only from lowered symptom tolerance. On reassembling the data according to the number of consultations per episode a genuine unemployment morbidity was indicated. After job loss among the male employees there was a significant increase in the number of episodes for which there were four or more consultations. It is postulated that unemployment leads to chronic ill health. PMID- 3210182 TI - Description and evaluation of a course for practice nurses. AB - There is increasing awareness of the needs of practice nurses for continuing education and both the report of the community nursing review and the government's white paper Promoting better health have stressed this. A course for practice nurses is described in which the curriculum was based on previous research into their requirements. An evaluation of the course demonstrated changes in the attitude towards the work of the practitioner and an overall increase in confidence of the group. Perceptions of the course and the relevance of the content were also measured. The cost of the course is given and the future direction of training discussed. PMID- 3210184 TI - Increasing patient participation using an extended consultation: an inner city study. AB - An inner city practice in Birmingham has developed a new style of extended consultation to increase patient participation in primary care, based on previous initiatives in the practice, in particular allowing patients access to medical records, adopting an open reception style, and including consultations with a nurse practitioner. In a three stage consultation lasting approximately 30 minutes patients were offered a session with a receptionist for assisted access to medical records, a session of 15-20 minutes with a doctor or nurse and a self help session with a receptionist. This extended consultation was welcomed by patients, who showed a marked degree of participation, and it also increased the satisfaction and cooperation of project staff. This type of consultation provides a model for increasing patient participation in general practice. PMID- 3210183 TI - The organization of cervical screening in general practice. AB - Well organized cervical screening in general practice can have considerable clinical and financial rewards. Yet in a randomized survey of general practitioners in the United Kingdom only 43% operated a system for cervical screening which allows previously untested women to be identified and invited for testing.A younger age of general practitioner, a more rural practice, a larger practice size, employment of a practice nurse, a belief in the effectiveness of cervical screening and a positive view of the time spent on screening were all strong predictors of an organized approach to cervical screening within a practice. Being female or having a female partner was not statistically associated with systematic screening. The results demonstrate a need for education within general practice which emphasizes the relevance and significance of cervical screening and the essential contribution that can be made by each individual general practitioner to the success of the whole cervical screening programme. PMID- 3210185 TI - Understanding Latin abbreviations: a survey. AB - A questionnaire was sent to general practitioner principals and trainees and to retail pharmacists in the west of Scotland to ascertain how well they translated 20 Latin abbreviations. The results showed that pharmacists had a high level of understanding, but that general practitioner principals and trainees misunderstood some of the less commonly used terms. Misunderstanding was more likely among trainee general practitioners than principals. PMID- 3210186 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in general practice. Working Party of the Royal College of General Practitioners. PMID- 3210187 TI - Local oestrogen for recurrent epistaxis caused by familial telangiectasia. PMID- 3210188 TI - Evaluation of a waiting list leaflet issued to general practitioners. PMID- 3210189 TI - Blood pressure intervention programme. PMID- 3210190 TI - Dealing with addicts--one GP's personal experience. PMID- 3210191 TI - Improving clinical practice. PMID- 3210192 TI - The role of chest radiography in patients presenting with anterior chest pain to the Accident & Emergency Department. AB - The chest radiological findings and outcomes of 120 consecutive patients attending the Accident & Emergency Department with anterior chest pain were recorded prospectively to investigate the value of routine chest radiography in their management. Twenty-one patients (17.5%) were excluded because of incomplete information. Thirty-seven radiological abnormalities were identified in 33 (33%) of the remaining 99 chest X-rays. Seventeen of the abnormalities identified in 14 (14%) of the chest X-rays were clinically significant. The casualty officer's interpretation of 70 (70%) of the chest X-rays was correct, but 36 errors were made interpreting the other 29 chest X-rays. Of these errors, 19 were false negative errors, resulting in the mismanagement of two patients and 17 false positive errors, resulting in the mismanagement of four patients. It appears that a routine chest X-ray provides little information of practical value in the management of patients with anterior chest pain attending an Accident & Emergency Department, unless the training of medical students and junior doctors in the interpretation of chest X-rays is improved. PMID- 3210193 TI - Modulating the oxygen tension in tumours by hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen. AB - Hypothermia is associated with reduced metabolism of tissues and especially reduced oxygen consumption by tumours. If the blood supply to a hypothermic tumour can be maintained then the hypoxic fraction of cells should be reduced and the radiation response increased. This hypothesis has been tested with radiation under hyperbaric oxygen and increased tumour response has been demonstrated. PMID- 3210194 TI - Early experience with gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and direct intraperitoneal insemination (DIPI). AB - We present our early experience with gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and direct intraperitoneal insemination (DIPI) combined with intrauterine insemination (IUI), two recently described methods of assisting conception in patients with patent fallopian tubes. Sixty-nine patients (93 cycles) were entered into the study. Thirty-three patients (51 cycles) entered the DIPI/IUI programme and 36 patients (42 cycles) entered the GIFT programme. The mean age, duration and aetiology of infertility were similar in both groups. In the GIFT programme 12 pregnancies occurred, which is a 29% pregnancy rate per cycle and a 33% pregnancy rate per patient. In the DIPI/IUI programme only 3 pregnancies occurred, being a 6% pregnancy rate per cycle and a 9% pregnancy rate per patient. With the live birth rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) being 12% per embryo transfer, we conclude that GIFT is more successful than either DIPI/IUI or IVF in patients with patent fallopian tubes. Further controlled studies are required to assess the future role of DIPI/IUI in clinical practice. PMID- 3210195 TI - Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the orbit. AB - Between 1954 and 1980, 9 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the orbit were treated at the Regional Radiotherapy Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital. Following radiotherapy complete local regression of the tumour was seen in every case. Three patients subsequently developed recurrent disease which proved fatal in two cases. The overall 5 year survival was 89%. PMID- 3210196 TI - Light and length of stay in hospital. AB - A study was carried out to examine whether the time spent as an inpatient in hospital showed a seasonal dependence which could be attributed to differences in ambient lighting levels between summer and winter. It was found that the season of admission to hospital did not make any appreciable difference to how long patients took to recover before they were discharged. PMID- 3210197 TI - Neuro-otological findings in normal children. AB - The findings of a neuro-otological evaluation of 100 normal school children and 21 adults are presented. The results show changes in the vestibulo-ocular reflex with age which are of importance in the interpretation of future tests. They also give a fascinating insight into the maturation processes taking place in the growing child. PMID- 3210198 TI - Magnetic resonance for tumours of the skull base and parapharyngeal region: discussion paper. PMID- 3210199 TI - Acalculous cholecystitis--a misnomer. PMID- 3210200 TI - Early presentation of pseudohypoparathyroidism. PMID- 3210201 TI - Acute actinomycotic peritonitis--a new presentation of chronic infection. PMID- 3210202 TI - Pseudomyxoma extraperitonei. PMID- 3210203 TI - Systemic Weber-Christian disease with portal hypertension and oesophageal varices. PMID- 3210204 TI - Mediastinal emphysema simulating aortic rupture. PMID- 3210205 TI - Calculus in a congenital recto-urethral fistula: a late presentation. PMID- 3210206 TI - Magnetic resonance muscle studies. PMID- 3210208 TI - Muscle contraction headache: the importance of depression and anxiety. PMID- 3210207 TI - Hypothermia-induced thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3210209 TI - [Laser treatment for a dog]. PMID- 3210210 TI - Genetic eye disease diagnosed in Staffordshire bull terriers. PMID- 3210211 TI - [Brucella ovis as a possible cause of epididymitis in Angora goat rams]. PMID- 3210212 TI - Propethampos, cyromazine and blowfly strike in sheep. PMID- 3210213 TI - The veterinary education requirements of a veterinary research institute. PMID- 3210214 TI - Parotid salivary gland of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana): structure and composition of saliva. AB - Specimens from parotid salivary glands of full-grown elephant (Loxodonta africana) a (n=6) and saliva aspirated from their main excretory ducts were examined macroscopically and microscopically and analyzed biochemically. The composition of the saliva was compared to that of the blood. The parotids (n=12; mean = 7.4 kg) are homocrine and of a seromucous nature. Myoepithelial cells are well-developed along intercalated ducts and their processes extend to proximal portions of allied acini. The saliva is hypotonic and contains relatively low concentrations of sodium and glucose and high concentrations of potassium, urea, calcium and phosphorus. Absence of detectable levels of alpha-amylase negates a digestive role and the voluminous secrete evidently aids swallowing by moisturising and lubricating the large mass of ingested leaves, grass and bark. PMID- 3210215 TI - [The relationship between farming management practices and the incidence of wet carcass syndrome in sheep]. AB - Farmers who regularly experience wet carcass syndrome tend to farm on a more extensive scale and apply insufficient management practices evidenced by poor recordkeeping, lower sheep handling frequency and inefficient grazing management. Overgrazing and deterioration of natural pastures are aggravated by drought conditions. Feeding of supplements or the provision of a salt lick is unrelated to wet carcass syndrome. Nor can any connection between transport to and distance from the abattoir, type of feeding in the holding pens, withholding of drinking and overhydration before slaughter to the incidence of wet carcass syndrome be demonstrated. The susceptibility for the development of this condition most probably occurs while the live animal is still on the farm. PMID- 3210216 TI - The seasonal abundance of adult ixodid ticks on Merino sheep in the south-western Orange Free State. AB - With the exception of October, when no collections were made, adult ticks were collected at weekly intervals from February 1986 to January 1987 from 20 randomly selected sheep out of a flock of 60. Ixodes rubicundus was the most abundant tick and was present from April to September with a peak during May. Hyalomma marginatum rufipes was the next most numerous tick. It was recovered throughout the year with peak burdens being recorded from November to April. Small numbers of a Rhipicephalus sp. (near R. pravus) were also collected. These exhibited a major peak during February and a minor peak during August. A dipping programme to prevent the paralysis caused by I. rubicundus and the Rhipicephalus sp. (near R. pravus) is suggested. PMID- 3210217 TI - The significance of Eperythrozoon ovis in ill-thrift in sheep in the eastern Cape coastal areas of South Africa. AB - Ill-thrift in sheep in the coastal region of the Eastern Cape is described. It is shown to be a complex problem attributable to many causes, most of which can be eliminated by supplementary feeding, drenching, vaccination, dipping and management. However, studies on the aetiology of ill-thrift in young sheep indicate that arthropod-borne anaemia-producing pathogens are an important contributing factor, which cannot readily be diagnosed and controlled. Experiments were conducted on various farms to determine whether Eperythrozoon ovis occurred in sheep in the coastal areas of the Eastern Cape and to what extent infection affected these animals. Other blood parasites found in sheep in the Eastern Cape included Borrelia theileri, Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia ovina, Cytoecetes phagocytophila and Theileria ovis. E. ovis, either alone or in combination with one or more of these parasites, caused a severe prolonged anaemia accompanied by the development of ill-thrift. PMID- 3210218 TI - Prevention of blowfly strike on sheep by cypermethrin. AB - Merino ewe lambs (n = 500) were used in a trial to assess the efficacy of cypermethrin in preventing blowfly strike on sheep. Three hundred of these lambs were treated with 300 mg cypermethrin each and run as a separate flock. One hundred lambs were used as untreated controls and a further 100 lambs were treated topically with a larval growth regulator as treated control animals. It was found that the synthetic pyrethroid afforded total protection for 3 weeks against strike by Lucilia cuprina. The blowfly challenge was heavy, and 26% of the untreated control animals were struck in the 4 week trial period. PMID- 3210219 TI - Resistance of Libyostrongylus douglassi in ostriches to levamisole. AB - While fenbendazole at 15 mg kg-1 either alone or in combination with resorantel reduced the total burden of Libyostrongylus douglassi by more than 98%, levamisole alone at 30 mg kg-1 was only 28% effective, and in combination with resorantel its efficacy was 67%. These results with levamisole do not correspond with the registered rate of efficacy which is given as at least 80% in South Africa. This is apparently the first reported case of anthelmintic resistance in ostriches. PMID- 3210220 TI - The anthelmintic efficacy of resorantel against cestodes in sheep. AB - The anthelmintic efficacy of resorantel against Thysaniezia giardi and Avitellina spp. was tested in sheep at a dosage rate of 65 mg kg-1 live mass. The reduction obtained was 100% in at least 80% of the treated flock. PMID- 3210221 TI - The treatment of ticks on tortoises using amitraz. AB - Amitraz at a concentration of 2 ml litre-1 of water successfully induced detachment of Amblyomma marmoreum and Amblyomma hebraeum ticks from the mountain tortoise, Geochelone pardalis. Detached ticks died without reattaching. At the strength used, amitraz had no apparent adverse effects on the tortoises. PMID- 3210222 TI - The anthelmintic efficacy of resorantel against Houttuynia struthionis in ostriches. AB - Resorantel at a dosage rate of 130 mg kg-1 live body mass was found to be highly effective against Houttuynia struthionis in ostriches when dosed alone or in combination with fenbendazole or levamisole. PMID- 3210223 TI - Chloride transport in apical membrane vesicles from bovine tracheal epithelium: characterization using a fluorescent indicator. AB - C1 transport in apical membrane vesicles derived from bovine tracheal epithelial cells was studied using the C1-sensitive fluorescent indicator 6-methoxy-N-(3 sulfopropyl) quinolinium. With an inwardly directed 50 mM C1 gradient at 23 degrees C, the initial rate of C1 entry (JC1) was increased significantly from 0.32 +/- 0.12 nmol.sec-1.mg protein-1 (mean +/- SEM) to 0.50 +/- 0.07 nmol.sec 1.mg protein-1 when membrane potential was changed from 0 to +60 mV with K/valinomycin. At 37 degrees C, with membrane potential clamped at 0 mV, there was a 34 +/- 7% (n = 5) decrease in JC1 from a control value of 0.37 +/- 0.03 nmol.sec-1.mg protein-1 upon addition of 0.2 mM diphenylamine-2-carboxylate. The following did not alter JC1 significantly (JC1 values given as percent change from control): 50 mM cis Na (-1 +/- 5%), 0.1 mM furosemide (-3 +/- 4%), 0.1 mM furosemide in the presence of 50 mM cis Na (-5 +/- 2%), 0.1 mM H2DIDS (-18 +/- 9%), a 1.5 pH unit inwardly directed H gradient (-7 +/- 7%), and 0.1 mM H2DIDS in the presence of a 1.5 unit pH gradient (4 +/- 18%). With inward 50 mM anion gradients, the initial rates of Br and I entry (JBr and JI, respectively) were not significantly different from JC1.JC1 was a saturable function of C1 concentration with apparent Kd of 24 mM and apparent Vmax of 0.54 nmol.sec-1.mg protein-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210225 TI - The tobacco mosaic virus assembly origin RNA. Functional characteristics defined by directed mutagenesis. AB - The in vitro reassembly of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) begins with the specific recognition by the viral coat protein disk aggregate of an internal TMV RNA sequence, known as the assembly origin (Oa). This RNA sequence contains a putative stem-loop structure (loop 1), believed to be the target for disk binding in assembly initiation, which has the characteristic sequence AAGAAGUCG exposed as a single strand at its apex. We show that a 75-base RNA sequence encompassing loop 1 is sufficient to direct the encapsidation by TMV coat protein disks of a heterologous RNA fragment. This RNA sequence and structure, which is sufficient to elicit TMV assembly in vitro, was explored by site-directed mutagenesis. Structure analysis of the RNA identified mutations that appear to effect assembly via a perturbation in RNA structure, rather than by a direct effect on coat protein binding. The binding of the loop 1 apex RNA sequence to coat protein disks was shown to be due primarily to its regularly repeated G residues. Sequences such as (UUG)3 and (GUG)3 are equally effective at initiating assembly, indicating that the other bases are less functionally constrained. However, substitution of the sequences (CCG)3, (CUG)3 or (UCG)3 reduced the assembly initiation rate, indicating that C residues are unfavourable for assembly. Two additional RNA sequences within the 75-base Oa sequence, both of the form (NNG)3, may play subsidiary roles in disk binding. RNA structure plays an important part in permitting selective protein-RNA recognition, since altering the RNA folding close to the apex of the loop 1 stem reduces the rate of disk binding, as does shortening the stem itself. Whereas the RNA sequence making up the hairpin does not in general affect the specificity of the protein-RNA interaction, it is required to present the apex signal sequence in a special conformation. Mechanisms for this are discussed. PMID- 3210224 TI - A flow EPR study of deformation and orientation characteristics of erythrocyte ghosts: effects of lysing and resealing conditions. AB - The effects of various conditions in lysing and resealing the red cell membrane on the degree of ghost deformation and orientation in flow are investigated using the flow EPR and spin-label method. The relatively low deformability of the standard ghost, which is lysed and resealed, respectively, in hypotonic and isotonic NaCl-Tris buffer, is markedly enhanced by the presence of Mg-ATP, chlorpromazine, or Ca2+ ion during resealing. The effect is concentration dependent, and there is an optimal level for each treatment. Chlorpromazine and Ca2+ are also effective when added to the resealed ghosts. Mg2+ ion shows an opposite effect reducing the ghost deformability in flow at all concentrations. An isotonic lysis in NH4HCO3 solution with less osmotic stress substantially raises ghost deformability above that of the standard ghosts. These results are interpreted on the basis of a misalignment between the bilayer leaflets that is probably brought about during hypotonic lysis and its recovery to the nearly normal bilayer state by the agents used during or after resealing. The novel finding of deformability enhancing effect of calcium is assumed to be caused by the electrostatic expansion of the inner layer relative to the outer leaflet. The explanations are supported by the resealed ghost shapes observed before and after the treatments; shape recovery from the monoconcave spheroid toward biconcave discoid is observed in most cases concomitantly with improvements of flow characteristics. PMID- 3210227 TI - Estrogen-dependent activation of the avian very low density apolipoprotein II and vitellogenin genes. Transient alterations in mRNA polyadenylation and stability early during induction. AB - Administration of estrogen to egg-laying vertebrates activates unscheduled, hepatic expression of major, egg-yolk protein genes in immature animals and mature males. Two avian yolk protein genes, encoding very low density apolipoprotein II (apoVLDLII) and vitellogenin II, are dormant prior to stimulation with estrogen, but within three days their cognate mRNAs accumulate to become two of the most abundant species in the liver. Accumulation of these mRNAs has been attributed to both induction of transcription and selective, estrogen-dependent mRNA stabilization. We have detected alterations in the size of apoVLDLII mRNA that occur during the first 24 hours that are attributable to a shift in the extent of polyadenylation as steady-state is approached. In vitro transcription assays indicate that primary activation of both genes takes place relatively slowly and that maximal rates of mRNA accumulation occur when the apoVLDLII and vitellogenin II genes are expressed at only 30% and 10% of their fully induced levels, respectively. Transcription data combined with the structural alteration of apoVLDLII mRNA suggest that stability of the two mRNAs may change as steady-state is approached. We have assessed the compatibility of this suggestion with earlier estimates of the kinetics of accumulation of both mRNAs by developing a generally useful algorithm that predicts approach to steady state kinetics under conditions where both the rate of synthesis and mRNA stability change throughout the accumulation phase of the response. The results predict that the stability of both mRNAs decreases by at least two- to threefold during the approach to steady-state and that, although an additional destabilization of apoVLDLII mRNA may occur following withdrawal of estrogen, the steady-state stability of vitellogenin mRNA is not significantly decreased upon removal of hormone. PMID- 3210226 TI - Genetic analysis of structure and function in phage T4 tRNASer. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequences of 55 spontaneous mutations that inactivate a suppressor gene of phage T4 tRNASer. Most of the mutations caused substitutions or deletions of single nucleotides at 18 different positions in the tRNA. Two of three mutations that allowed the synthesis of mature tRNA had nucleotide substitutions at the junction of the dihydrouridine and anticodon stems, suggesting that this region of tRNASer is important for aminoacylation. The third mutation that synthesized tRNA had a nucleotide deletion in the anticodon loop, which presumably affected the translational capacity of the tRNA. We also sequenced 58 spontaneous reversion mutations derived from strains with the inactive suppressor genes. Some of these regenerated the initial tRNA sequence, while other generated a second-site mutation in the tRNA. These second site mutations restored helical base-pairings to the tRNA that had been eliminated by the initial mutations. The new base-pairings involved G.C and A.U, and the A.C wobble pair at certain positions in the tRNA. This finding establishes the existence of A.C wobble pair in tRNA helices. PMID- 3210228 TI - Mutational analysis of the mouse mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. AB - The protonmotive cytochrome b protein of the mitochondrial bc1 respiratory chain complex contains two reactions centers, designated Qo and Qi, which can be distinguished by the effects of different inhibitors. The nucleotide sequences have been determined of the mitochondrial cytochrome b genes from a series of mouse cell mutants selected for increased inhibitor resistance. Each mutant contains a single nucleotide change which results in an amino acid substitution. When the proximity of the altered amino acid residues to the histidines involved in heme ligation is considered, the results support a model for cytochrome b folding in which there are eight transmembrane domains rather than the nine of the Widger-Saraste model. Replacement of the Gly38 residue by valine results in resistance to the Qi inhibitors antimycin A and funiculosin but not 2-n-heptyl hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide. Based upon sequence comparisons of mitochondrial and bacterial cytochrome b and chloroplast b6 proteins, the region of the molecule involved in antimycin binding is as highly conserved as those domains involved in heme ligation. It is suggested that the antimycin binding domain of cytochrome b is involved in forming the Qi reaction center. Alterations of the Gly142 and Thr147 residues result in resistance to myxothiazol and stimatellin, respectively. While both inhibitors block the Qo reaction center, the two mutations do not confer cross-resistance to each other. This region of cytochrome b is the most highly conserved during evolution and these inhibitor binding sites probably occur within the protein domain constituting the Qo reaction center. In addition, there is a less conserved region of the protein, defined by the Leu294 residue, which may function in binding the hydrophobic portions of Qo inhibitors. PMID- 3210229 TI - Mouse cytoskeletal gamma-actin: analysis and implications of the structure of cloned cDNA and processed pseudogenes. AB - The nucleotide sequence corresponding to almost the whole of a mouse gamma cytoskeletal actin mRNA was determined from overlapping cloned DNA copies derived from brain mRNA. Several gamma-actin processed pseudogenes were isolated from a library of cloned DBA mouse genomic DNA, and the nucleotide sequences of these were determined and compared with that of the cDNA. This showed that two of these pseudogenes had arisen from a gene duplication or amplification event, and indicated that they had subsequently undergone partial correction against one another. The relative ages of the pseudogenes were estimated on the basis of their percentage divergence from the cDNA sequence and these were compared with an estimation based on the number of presumed silent mutations in the cDNA since each pseudogene had arisen. Consistent results were obtained, except in the case of one pseudogene which also showed an anomalous regional distribution of differences from the cDNA sequence. One way of accounting for the features of this anomalous pseudogene is by postulating that it is derived from a second functional gene for gamma-actin, different from that represented by the cDNA described here. PMID- 3210230 TI - Molecular basis for mutation in a surface protein expressed by malaria parasites. AB - Plasmodium knowlesi parasites isolated from a rhesus monkey vaccinated with a 143,000/140,000 Mr merozoite surface protein no longer expressed this protein. To study the molecular basis for the mutations, a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library constructed from the original parasite clone was screened with rabbit antiserum specific for the 143,000/140,000 Mr protein. Two cDNA clones that mapped to the 5' and 3' ends of the gene hybridized to two chromosomes of 3.6 x 10(6) kilobases and 1.8 x 10(6) kilobases. The gene on the 3.6 x 10(6) base chromosome was identified as the gene expressing the 143,000/140,000 Mr protein. Since the two cDNA clones also hybridized at high stringency with the 1.8 x 10(6) base chromosome, it appears that the 143,000/140,000 Mr gene was involved in an ancestral duplication and interchromosomal transposition. We have analyzed mutant parasites, using the cDNA clones and a 7000 base fragment of genomic DNA that contains the 143,000/140,000 Mr gene. In one type of mutation, the 143,000/140,000 Mr protein was replaced by a 76,000/72,000 Mr protein. The identical restriction sites and the identical size of the mRNA indicated that a point mutation resulted in premature interruption of translation. Sequence analysis revealed an AT substitution for a C in the middle of the coding region of the gene that created a frameshift and a stop codon. In a second type of mutation, no protein was expressed; a 4000 base deletion encompassed the transcriptional unit of the gene. The rapid mutation under vaccine pressure of an otherwise stable parasite protein emphasizes the need to identify vaccine candidates in which mutations would be lethal. PMID- 3210231 TI - Refined crystal structure of troponin C from turkey skeletal muscle at 2.0 A resolution. AB - The crystal structure of troponin C from turkey skeletal muscle has been refined at 2.0 A resolution (1 A = 0.1 nm). The resulting crystallographic R factor (R = sigma[[Fo[-[Fc[[/sigma[Fo[, where [Fo[ and [Fc[ are the observed and calculated structure factor amplitudes) is 0.155 for the 8054 reflections with intensities I greater than or equal to 2 sigma(I) within the 10 A to 2.0 A resolution range. With 66% of the residues in helical conformation, troponin C provides a good sample for helix analysis. The mean alpha-helix dihedral angles (phi, psi = -62 degrees, -42 degrees) agree with values observed for helical regions in other proteins. The helices are all curved and/or kinked. In particular, the 31 amino acid long inter-domain helix is smoothly curved, with a rather large radius of curvature of 137 A. Helix packing is different in the Ca2+-free domain (N terminal) and the Ca2+-bound domain (C-terminal). The inter-helix angles for the two helix-loop-helix motifs in the regulatory domain are 133 degrees and 151 degrees, whereas the value for the two motifs in the C-terminal domain is 110 degrees, as observed in the EF-hands of parvalbumin. These differences affect the packing of the respective hydrophobic cores of each domain, in particular the disposition of aromatic rings. Pairwise arrangement of Ca2+-binding loops is common to both states, but the conformation is markedly different. Conversion of one to the other can be achieved by small cumulative changes of main-chain dihedral angles. The integrity of loop structure is maintained by numerous electrostatic interactions. Both salt bridges and carboxyl-carboxylate interactions are observed in TnC. There are more intramolecular (9) than intermolecular (1) salt bridges. Carboxyl-carboxylate interactions occur because the pH of the crystals is 5.0 and there is a multitude of aspartate and glutamate residues. One is intramolecular and four are intermolecular. Polar side-chain interactions occur more commonly with main-chain carbonyls and amides than with other polar side-chains. These interactions are mostly short range, and are similar to those observed in other proteins with one exception: negatively charged side-chains interact more frequently with main-chain carbonyl oxygen atoms. However, out of 19 such interactions, 10 involve oxygen atoms of the Ca2+ ligands. These unfavorable interactions are compensated by the favorable interactions with the Ca2+ ions and with main-chain amides. They are a trivial consequence of the tight fold of the Ca2+-binding loops. PMID- 3210232 TI - Analysis of immunoglobulin domain interactions. Evidence for a dominant role of salt bridges. AB - Available crystallographic data for homologous immunoglobulin constant domains were correlated with measured association constants for these domains. High correlation was found between the association constant and both the buried surface area (number of interdomain contacts) and the number of salt bridges formed in the interaction, whereas no correlation with the number of hydrogen bonds between domains was evident. The total free energy of binding, as determined from the association constant, was related to the number of contacts, hydrogen bonds and salt bridges found in the domain:domain interface by the crystallographic studies. These calculations yielded reasonable average energy terms for each interaction category. PMID- 3210233 TI - Expression of an antibody Fv fragment in myeloma cells. AB - The antigen binding site on antibodies is fashioned by loops at the tips of the beta-sheet framework of both heavy and light chain variable domains. A heterodimer of both variable domains (Fv fragment), incorporating loops from an anti-lysozyme antibody, was expressed and secreted from myeloma cells in good yield (8 mg/l in supernatant from roller bottles), and shown to bind lysozyme. The two subunits were found to be in dynamic equilibrium but are overwhelmingly associated at neutral pH. The small size of Fv fragments (25 x 10(3) Mr) make them attractive for structural studies, in vivo imaging, and therapy. PMID- 3210234 TI - Crystallization of an anti-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-dinitrophenyl monoclonal antibody Fab fragment with and without bound hapten. AB - The Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody, AN02, specific for a 2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-dinitrophenyl hapten was crystallized both with and without bound hapten. Both crystals formed in phosphate-buffered saline (150 mM NaCl, 10 mM-Na2PO4, 0.02% (w/v) NaN3 (pH 7.4) at 4 degrees C and diffracted beyond 2.2 A resolution (1A = 0.1 nm). Fab with bound hapten crystallizes in space group P6(1)22 or P6(5)22, with cell dimensions a = b = 73.23 A, c = 373.8 A, alpha = beta = 90 degrees and gamma = 120 degrees. Unoccupied Fab also crystallizes in space group P6(1)22 or P6(5)22 with cell dimensions a = b = 73 A, c = 377 A, alpha = beta = 90 degrees and gamma = 120 degrees. PMID- 3210235 TI - Characterization of crystals of small ribosomal subunits. AB - Crystals of intact small ribosomal subunits from Thermus thermophilus have been obtained from functionally active particles. The crystals (P42(1)2, 407 A x 407 A x 171 A) are suitable for X-ray crystallography analysis to 9.9 A using synchrotron radiation at cryotemperature. Crystallographic data from native and a potential heavy-atom derivative have been collected. PMID- 3210236 TI - Structure of azurin from Alcaligenes denitrificans refinement at 1.8 A resolution and comparison of the two crystallographically independent molecules. AB - The structure of the blue copper protein azurin, from Alcaligenes denitrificans, has been refined crystallographically by restrained least-squares methods. The final crystallographic R value for 21,980 observed reflections to 1.8 A (1 A = 0.1 nm) resolution is 0.157. The asymmetric unit of the crystal contains two independent azurin molecules, the model for which comprises 1973 protein atoms, together with three SO2-4 ions, and 281 water molecules. Comparison of the two molecules shows very high correspondence. For 125 out of 129 residues (excluding only the chain termini, residues 1 to 2 and 128 to 129) the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) deviation in main-chain atom positions is 0.27 A. For other structural parameters r.m.s. deviations are also low; torsion angles 6.5 degrees, hydrogen bond lengths 0.12 A, bonds to copper 0.04 A and bond angles at the copper 3.9 degrees. The only significant differences are at the chain termini and in several loops. Some of these can be attributed to crystal packing effects, others to genuine structural microheterogeneity. Refinement has confirmed that the copper co-ordination is best described as distorted trigonal planar, with strong in plane bonds to His46 N delta 1, His117 N delta 1 and Cys112 S gamma, and much weaker axial interactions with Met121 S delta and Gly45 C = O. Two N-H...S hydrogen bonds characterize Cys112 S gamma as a thiolate (S-) sulphur and may influence the visible absorption maximum. Atoms in and around the copper site have very low mobility, whereas the most mobile regions of the molecule are the chain termini and some of the connecting loops between secondary structure elements, especially those at the "southern" end, remote from the copper site. Main-chain to side-chain hydrogen bonds supply important stabilizing interactions at the "northern" end. Surface features include the hydrophobic patch around His117, probably important for electron transfer, the SO2-4 site at His83, and the general absence of ion pairs, despite the presence of many charged amino acid residues. The 281 water molecules include 182 that occur as approximately twofold related pairs. There are no internal water molecules. The water sites common to both azurin molecules include those in surface pockets and some in intermolecular contact regions. They are characterized by relatively low thermal parameters and numerous protein contacts. PMID- 3210237 TI - Coenzyme-induced conformational changes in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - The structure of apo-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDHase) from Bacillus stearothermophilus has been refined using a restrained least-squares method. The final crystallographic R-factor is 0.177 for all 53,315 reflections between 7.0 and 2.5 A. The resulting model has been analysed with respect to lattice interactions, molecular symmetry, temperature factors and solvent structure showing that, apart from local deviations due to intermolecular contact, the molecule exhibits a very high degree of local 222 symmetry. Analysis of differences between the structure of apo-GAPDHase and the previously refined holo-GAPDHase at 1.8 A resolution reveals details of conformational change in the enzyme induced by cofactor binding. The change, which was previously described as a rigid-body rotation of the coenzyme-binding domain with respect to the catalytic domain, is of more complex nature and involves relative shifts of several structural elements in the coenzyme-binding domain and some small changes in the catalytic domain. A possible mechanism of this conformational change is proposed based on the comparison of the refined structures and model-building studies. According to this mechanism, the adenosine moiety of NAD can initially bind to the protein in the apo-enzyme conformation. Several attractive interactions resulting from the initial binding of the coenzyme trigger conformational changes in the molecule of GAPDHase that: (1) create the productive nicotinamide-moiety binding site; (2) improve enzyme-coenzyme interactions at the adenosine moiety; (3) modify the active site to optimize the positioning of catalytic residues and ion-binding sites. Implications of the proposed mechanism for existing experimental data on binding of NAD analogues to GAPDHase are discussed. PMID- 3210238 TI - Transient kinetics of oxygen dissociation from ferrous subunits of iron-cobalt hybrid hemoglobins. The principal reaction controlling the co-operativity. AB - The oxygen dissociation constants from Fe subunits in the half-ligated intermediate states of Fe-Co hybrid hemoglobins, alpha(Fe-O2)2 beta(Co)2 and alpha(Co)2 beta(Fe-O2)2, have been determined as functions of pH, temperature and inositol hexaphosphate. The oxygen dissociation rates from alpha(Fe-O2)2 beta(Co)2 are estimated to be more than 1300 s-1 for the deoxy quaternary state (T-state) and less than 3 s-1 for the oxy quaternary state (R-state) at 15 degrees C in 50 mM-Tris or Bis-Tris buffer containing 0.1 M-Cl-, while those of alpha(Co)2 beta(Fe-O2)2 are more than 180 s-1 and less than 5 s-1 for the T and R states, respectively. The pH dependence of the oxygen dissociation rate from Fe subunits is large enough to be accounted for by the R-T transition, and implies that those half-ligated intermediate hybrids mainly exist in the R-state at pH 8.8, and in the T-state at pH 6.6, while other studies indicated that the half ligated hybrids are essentially in the R-state at pH 7. Large activation energies of the oxygen dissociation process of 19 to 31 kcal/mol determined from the temperature dependence suggest that the process is entropy-driven. PMID- 3210239 TI - Preparation and preliminary X-ray studies of two crystal forms of the anti-T lectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) PMID- 3210240 TI - Preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of methylamine dehydrogenase and methylamine dehydrogenase--amicyanin complexes from Paracoccus denitrificans. PMID- 3210241 TI - Structure of a hypervariable tandemly repeated DNA sequence on the short arm of the human Y chromosome. AB - The structure of a repeated DNA sequence located on the short arm of the human Y chromosome is described. Genomic mapping and cloning in lambda or cosmid vectors show that the repeated sequence consists of units 20.3 x 10(3) base-pairs long that contain the three previously described DNA sequences: Y-156, Y-190 and Y 223a. Analysis of male genomic DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis shows that the units are tandemly arranged and are organized into two blocks. The major block is hypervariable in size and alleles in the range approximately 540 x 10(3) to 800 x 10(3) base-pairs were detected. The minor block is not variable in size and is approximately 60 x 10(3) base-pairs long. Analysis of rearranged Y chromosomes shows that both blocks are located on the short arm of the chromosome. Most commonly, the major block is distal to the minor block, but the opposite arrangement is also found. PMID- 3210243 TI - Single chicken cardiac myosin alkali light-chain gene generates two different mRNAs by alternative splicing of a complex exon. AB - We have isolated and characterized two kinds of cDNA for the chicken cardiac myosin alkali light chain. The sequences of the two cDNAs are identical, except for a notable divergence in part of the 3' untranslated sequence. By analysis of isolated genomic clones, it was shown that the genomic sequences corresponding to the different sequences in the 3' untranslated regions of the two mRNAs were arranged within a limited part of a single stretch of DNA; also the two distinct 3' untranslated regions of the two mRNAs shared part of the last exon, which was 0.6 x 10(3) base-pairs long. There are two canonical acceptor sites available for RNA splicing in the last exon, the first being located at the 5' end of the exon, and the second at 370 base-pairs downstream from this end. Together with analysis by S1 nuclease mapping, the foregoing results lead us to conclude that, by the differential use of these two acceptor sites, a single gene generates two distinct mRNAs of 1.45 x 10(3) base-pairs and 1.1 x 10(3) base-pairs with or without the 5' half of the last exon. The two mRNAs appear to utilize the same modified poly(A) signal, AGTAAA, rather than the authentic AATAAA sequence present about 30 base-pairs downstream from the poly(A) attachment sites. This is probably because another consensus G + T-rich sequence is present at an appropriate distance from the AGTAAA sequence, but not from the AATAAA sequence. The gene for the cardiac myosin alkali light chain has proved to be expressed in ventricular muscle and in atrial and anterior latissimus dorsi muscles, the last of these being characteristic of slow skeletal muscle. In these muscles, two kinds of mRNA for the cardiac myosin alkali light chain, identical with those in ventricular muscle, were expressed and their relative amount in each tissue was almost the same as that in ventricular muscle. PMID- 3210242 TI - Identification of a transcriptionally active pseudogene in the chorion locus of the silkmoth Bombyx mori. Regional sequence conservation and biological function. AB - We have determined the primary structure of a 3500 base-pair part of the silkmoth chorion locus mapping in a region containing genes of late developmental specificity. This part of the locus was found to harbour a pseudogene related to one of the families of chorion genes encoding high cysteine proteins, HcB. The pseudogene exhibits an overall sequence identity of 84% to the consensus coding region of HcB chorion genes. A 95% identity was observed over a length of 190 base-pairs of its immediate 5' upstream sequences and the corresponding part of the consensus 5'-intergenic sequences of Hc gene pairs, normally encompassing 270 base-pairs. Thus, the pseudogene has retained part of the promoter region that includes sequence elements whose presence is thought to be necessary for transcriptional competence of HcB genes. The pseudogene is also characterized by the elimination of part of its first exon containing most of the 5' untranslated region, the ATG translation initiation codon and part of the signal peptide sequences. Its intron is longer than that of other HcB genes due to the insertion of a copy of a repetitive element that appears to be transcribed by RNA polymerase III. A previously characterized chorion cDNA clone, m2282, representing a rare mRNA sequence of late developmental specificity, was found to be identical to the pseudogene over its entirety spanning 65% of the pseudogene's second exon. Hybridizations of clones spanning a 260,000 base-pair domain of the chorion locus of Bombyx mori and of total genomic DNA to a subfragment of the cDNA clone containing relatively unique sequences, coupled to primer extension experiments, have demonstrated that m2282 mRNA originated from the pseudogene and that the pseudogene transcripts are initiated at the chorion cap site consensus sequence. We conclude that the 5'-flanking sequences retained by the pseudogene encompass elements necessary and adequate for correct transcriptional activation, but may not include those required for quantitative expression of the promoter. Possible reasons for the observed lack of random drift in the 5'-upstream sequences of the pseudogene and the maintenance of a functional promoter in a non functional gene are discussed on the basis of the observation that elements resembling scaffold attachment sites are present in these sequences. PMID- 3210244 TI - Specific codon usage pattern and its implications on the secondary structure of silk fibroin mRNA. AB - We have identified two distinctive regions of the repetitive unit nucleotide sequence of fibroin mRNA of Bombyx mori. The codon usage for the major amino acids, glycine, alanine and serine is distinctly different in these two regions, indicating that it is determined by the fibroin mRNA or gene structure but not by the tRNA population. Comparative computer analyses of nucleotide substitutions in the unit sequence suggest that selection has operated on the codon usage to optimize the secondary structure characteristic of the fibroin mRNA. PMID- 3210245 TI - Recognition of the DNA helix stabilizing anthramycin-N2 guanine adduct by UVRABC nuclease. AB - The binding of the anti-tumor antibiotic anthramycin to a defined linear DNA fragment was investigated using both exonuclease III and lambda exonuclease. We show that most of the guanine residues are reactive toward anthramycin; however, several guanine residues showed preferential reactivity for the drug. Using purified UVRA, UVRB and UVRC proteins we present evidence that these three proteins in concert are able to recognize and produce specific strand cleavage flanking anthramycin-DNA adducts. The cleavage of anthramycin adducts by UVRABC nuclease is specific and results in strand breaks at five or six bases 5' and three or four bases 3'-flanking an adduct. At some guanine residues single incisions were observed only on one side of the adduct. The 5' strand breaks observed often occurred as doublet bands on sequencing gels, indicating plasticity in the site of 5' cleavage whereas the 3' cleavage did not show this effect. When DNA fragments modified with elevated levels of anthramycin were used as substrates the activity of the UVRABC nuclease toward the anthramycin adducts decreased. Possible mechanisms for the recognition and specific cleavage of the helix-stabilizing anthramycin DNA adduct and other helix destabilizing lesions by the UVRABC nuclease are discussed. PMID- 3210246 TI - Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding DNA methyltransferase of mouse cells. The carboxyl-terminal domain of the mammalian enzymes is related to bacterial restriction methyltransferases. AB - A cDNA encoding DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase (DNA MeTase) of mouse cells has been cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence contains an open reading frame sufficient to encode a polypeptide of 1573 amino acid residues, which is close to the apparent size of the largest species of DNA MeTase found in mouse cells. The carboxylterminal 570 amino acid residues of the inferred protein sequence shows striking similarities to bacterial type II DNA cytosine methyltransferases and appears to represent a catalytic methyltransferase domain. The amino-terminal portion of the molecule may be involved in regulating the activity of the carboxyl-terminal methyltransferase domain, since antibodies directed against a peptide sequence located within this region inhibits transmethylase activity in vitro. A 5200 base DNA MeTase-specific mRNA was found to be expressed in all mouse cell types tested, and cell lines known to have different genomic methylation patterns were found to contain DNA MeTase proteins of similar or identical sizes and de novo sequence specificities. The implications of these findings for an understanding of the mechanisms involved in the establishment and maintenance of methylation patterns are discussed. PMID- 3210247 TI - Reconstitution of chromatin higher-order structure from histone H5 and depleted chromatin. AB - Reconstitution of the 30 nm filament of chromatin from pure histone H5 and chromatin depleted of H1 and H5 has been studied using small-angle neutron scattering. We find that depleted, or stripped, chromatin is saturated by H5 at the same stoichiometry as that of linker histone in native chromatin. The structure and condensation behavior of fully reconstituted chromatin is indistinguishable from that of native chromatin. Both native and reconstituted chromatin condense continuously as a function of salt concentration, to reach a limiting structure that has a mass per unit length of 6.4 nucleosomes per 11 nm. Stripped chromatin at all ionic strengths appears to be a 10 nm filament, or a random coil of nucleosomes. In contrast, both native and reconstituted chromatin have a quite different structure, showing that H5 imposes a spatial correlation between neighboring nucleosomes even at low ionic strength. Our data also suggest that five to seven contiguous nucleosomes must have H5 bound in order to be able to form a higher-order structure. PMID- 3210248 TI - Possible molecular basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three membrane-active drugs: propranolol, nimodipine and amiodarone. AB - The interactions of propranolol, nimodipine, and amiodarone with membrane lipids were examined in an effort to explain their different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Propranolol and nimodipine, which bind with high affinity to plasmalemmal beta-adrenergic and calcium channel receptors, respectively, have membrane partition coefficients of approximately 1200 and 5000 and are readily washed out of membranes with which they had been equilibrated. X ray and neutron diffraction studies showed that after partitioning into lipid membranes, both propranolol and nimodipine are located approximately 6 A from the phosphate headgroup region of the membrane bilayer, near the hydrocarbon core/water interface. Amiodarone, which blocks Na and K channels with less site specificity than propranolol and nimodipine, has a much higher partition coefficient of approximately 1,000,000, resists washout from membrane bilayers, and is located deeper in the membrane, approximately 12 A from the phosphate headgroup region of the bilayer, nearer to the terminal methyl groups of the fatty acyl chains. The shorter durations of clinical action of propranolol and nimodipine may be related to the reversibility of their interactions with the region of the bilayer exposed to the aqueous media near the hydrocarbon core/water interface, whereas the much longer duration of clinical action of amiodarone may reflect a location more deeply within the fatty acyl region of the bilayer where this hydrophobic drug interacts avidly with the hydrocarbon core of the membrane. PMID- 3210249 TI - Can Ca entry via Na-Ca exchange directly activate cardiac muscle contraction? AB - Developed twitch tension and action potentials were recorded in rabbit ventricular muscle in physiological saline at 30 degrees C stimulated at 0.5 Hz. Addition of 5 microM nifedipine to block Ca entry via Ca channels almost abolished twitches (to 2.5 +/- 0.7%, S.E.M., n = 10 of control). This suggests that under normal conditions Ca entry via Na-Ca exchange is insufficient to activate contractions. However, when muscles are first exposed to 4 microM acetylstrophanthidin to elevate [Na]i the same exposure to nifedipine only partially suppresses twitches (to 59 +/- 12% of the original control). This suggests that when [Na]i is elevated, Ca entry via the Na-Ca exchange may be adequate to partially activate contraction. From this result it is not clear whether Ca entry via Na-Ca exchange is sufficient to activate contraction directly or whether sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release is required. When these experiments were carried out in the presence of 5 to 10 mM caffeine or 100 nM ryanodine similar results were obtained. That is, nifedipine still abolished contractions in the presence of caffeine or ryanodine (to 3.8 +/- 0.3% and 1.3 +/ 0.4%, respectively), but only partially inhibited contractions in the presence of caffeine + acetylstrophanthidin (to 21 +/- 5%) or ryanodine + acetylstrophanthidin (10 +/- 2%). Thus, it appears that even in the absence of a functional SR and with Ca current blocked, Na-Ca exchange might bring sufficient Ca into the cell to activate appreciable contractions, but only when [Na]i is elevated. Action potential duration is decreased by nifedipine and acetylstrophanthidin and is further decreased when nifedipine is added on top of acetylstrophanthidin. If this Ca entry is by an electrogenic 3 Na: 1 Ca exchange, Ca entry will be favored at more positive membrane potentials. If the action potential were not so abbreviated with these drugs, Na-Ca exchange might bring in more Ca and activate additional tension. PMID- 3210251 TI - The cytoplasmic free energy of ATP hydrolysis in isolated rod-shaped rat ventricular myocytes. AB - The relationship between the percentage of rod-shaped rat heart myocytes and ATP, creatine phosphate, creatine and inorganic phosphate content was determined. With these values the free energy of ATP hydrolysis was calculated and found to be 59.2 kJ/mol, a much higher value than found for the perfused rat heart. When, during the isolation procedure, creatine was present in the perfusion medium during the low-calcium period, the total creatine content of the myocytes after isolation was comparable to that found in the perfused rat heart. However, when creatine was absent during this low-calcium perfusion period, total creatine content of the myocytes was significantly lower. This difference is caused by leakage of creatine from healthy cells. The free energy of ATP hydrolysis was not affected by the absence of creatine during the low-calcium perfusion period. PMID- 3210250 TI - Effect of isoproterenol on force transient time course and on stiffness spectra in rabbit papillary muscle in barium contracture. AB - To determine whether catecholamines produce alterations in myocardial myosin actin cycling kinetics, we investigated the effects of isoproterenol upon mechanical characteristics of constantly activated heart muscle thought to reflect crossbridge behavior. In isolated rabbit right ventricular papillary muscles in barium contracture at 24 degrees C, we found that 10 microM isoproterenol caused: (a) a 23% reduction of the 10 to 90% rise time of slow tension recovery in force transients induced by rapid, small amplitude stretches; and (b) a 23% increase in the frequency of sinusoidal length perturbation at which stiffness amplitude exhibited a minimum. Based upon previous mechanistic interpretations of force transients, and on an analysis developed here to relate crossbridge events to the frequency-dependence of stiffness, we argue that our observations provide evidence that isoproterenol induces an acceleration of crossbridge cycling rate. This raises the intriguing prospect that beta adrenergic stimulation regulates contraction, not only by well-known alterations in calcium metabolism, but also by intrinsic modulation of the force-generating machinery itself. PMID- 3210253 TI - Calcium channel blockade during ischemia-reperfusion sequences. PMID- 3210254 TI - Internal jugular and subclavian vein thrombosis caused by central venous catheters. Evaluation using Doppler blood flow imaging. AB - Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein is often caused by central venous catheters. Doppler blood flow imaging (duplex sonography and color flow imaging) is very useful to establish the diagnosis, as soon as signs of venous obstruction occur after placing a catheter. Twenty-six patients with clinically suspected thrombosis were examined; in 25 patients thrombosis of the internal jugular or subclavian vein was diagnosed. By means of duplex sonography and color flow imaging, the degree of venous obstruction can easily be determined. The efficiency of therapy can be controlled. With color flow imaging, blood flow direction and velocity can be visualized in color which provides global information about hemodynamics in a short time. Furthermore, color flow imaging is a suitable method to detect even small subcutaneous collaterals. PMID- 3210255 TI - Aneurysm of a paraumbilical collateral vein. PMID- 3210252 TI - Diltiazem and verapamil reduce the loss of adenine nucleotide metabolites from hypoxic hearts. AB - The present study was undertaken to elucidate possible mechanisms for a protection of myocardial cells from hypoxia-induced derangements in cardiac function and metabolism by calcium antagonists. For this purpose, rabbit hearts were perfused for 20 min under hypoxic conditions in the presence of 312 ng/ml diltiazem or 125 ng/ml verapamil, and then for 45 min under reoxygenated conditions. Metabolic changes in the myocardium and the perfusate were examined throughout. Hypoxia induced a marked decline in myocardial high-energy phosphates and an immediate release of ATP metabolites, such as adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine, from the perfused heart. These changes were effectively depressed by diltiazem and verapamil. Hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation resulted in a release of creatine phosphokinase from the heart, which was completely inhibited by the treatment with either diltiazem or verapamil. Myocardial calcium contents were increased by 20 min-hypoxic perfusion. Both diltiazem and verapamil are capable of preventing hypoxia-induced increase in the transmembrane flux of cellular components, which may be beneficial for the preservation of substances necessary for the ATP regeneration after hypoxia and for the inhibition of calcium overload in cardiac cells. PMID- 3210256 TI - Unknown case 2: neonatal candidal pyonephrosis with an associated iatrogenic perirenal collection. PMID- 3210257 TI - Unknown case 3: subcapsular liver hematoma. PMID- 3210258 TI - Actions of the novel gastrointestinal prokinetic agent cisapride on equine bowel motility. AB - The effect of cisapride was evaluated on the normal fasting bowel motility of four ponies with chronically implanted electromechanical transducers. Cisapride was infused over 60-min periods at 0.05 mg/kg (n = 4), 0.1 mg/kg (n = 5) and 0.25 mg/kg (n = 5). It produced marked and prolonged increases in electrical and mechanical activity at all sites examined. In the stomach there was increased total contraction activity with increased contraction amplitude and a slight reduction in rate. In the small intestine there was an increase in irregular (phase II) activity with an increase in number and amplitude of contractions and a decrease in the number of regular (phase III) activity fronts. There was a decrease in the number of phase III fronts that spread distally from the jejunum to the ileum. The phase II activity was coordinated temporally with prolonged activity in the stomach. Cisapride increased electrical and contractile activity in the left dorsal colon with increased contraction amplitude and an increase in electrical activity in the small colon. In the stomach and small intestine cisapride produced dose-dependent increases in activity but in the left dorsal and small colon the intermediate dose (0.1 mg/kg) produced the largest and most consistent responses. Side-effects observed were increased bowel sounds and frequency of defaecation, a slight increase in heart rate and transient signs of discomfort at the highest (0.25 mg/kg) dose rate. PMID- 3210259 TI - Prokinetic effects of cisapride, naloxone and parasympathetic stimulation at the equine ileo-caeco-colonic junction. AB - The electromyogram of the terminal ileum, the caecum and the proximal right ventral colon was recorded in fasted conscious ponies receiving intravenously equiactive doses of pilocarpine (0.05 mg/kg) and carbachol (0.01 mg/kg) as acetylcholine analogues; cisapride (0.1 mg/kg) and metoclopramide (2 mg/kg) facilitating acetylcholine release from myenteric neurones and naloxone (0.05 mg/kg) as an antagonist of the endogenous inhibitory opioid system. Both cisapride and naloxone induced typical migrating spike bursts in the colon associated with contractions of caecal body and caecal base. Both pilocarpine and carbachol stimulated the terminal ileum but had opposite effects on the activity of the caeco-colonic segment which was decreased by pilocarpine and increased by carbachol. High doses of metoclopramide had weak and unspecific stimulatory motor effects. It is concluded that a true prokinetic effect at the equine ileo-caeco colonic junction requires a motor profile which includes coordination between contractions sequentially involving the body and the base of the caecum and migrating spike bursts on the proximal colon. Such changes in the motor profile were produced by cisapride and naloxone and to a lesser extent by carbachol. PMID- 3210260 TI - Comparison of serum and renal gentamicin concentrations with fractional urinary excretion tests as indicators of nephrotoxicity. AB - Gentamicin was given to six sheep at a dosage rate of 80 mg/kg/day divided into three daily doses to cause nephrotoxicity. Peak serum gentamicin concentrations rose significantly throughout dosing (P less than 0.05), but trough serum gentamicin concentrations increased dramatically (P less than 0.01) from initial concentrations of 3.2-9.1 micrograms/ml to final trough concentrations of 31.5 195 micrograms/ml by 6-10 days on gentamicin. The serum gentamicin elimination half-life (t1/2) was doubled in each animal by approximately 6 days on therapy, with the sheep that were the most clinically affected by the nephrotoxic effects of gentamicin showing increases in t1/2 earlier than those sheep that remained less intoxicated. These changes occurred before many other clinical indicators of nephrotoxicity, with only urinary enzyme excretions preceding the changes in gentamicin elimination. Thus, alterations in the elimination of gentamicin may be one of the first clinical indicators of the occurrence of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3210261 TI - Comparative effects of etomidate and its fluoro analogue, R 8110 on testicular, adrenal and ovarian steroid biosynthesis. AB - The effects, of etomidate and of its fluoro analogue, R 8110, on adrenal, testicular and ovarian steroid biosynthesis were compared using cultures of guinea-pig adrenal, rat adrenal capsular, rat testicular and rat ovarian granulosa cells. At a concentration of 100 nM, etomidate inhibited the adrenal 11 hydroxylation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid biosyntheses, producing a decrease in cortisol and corticosterone and an accumulation of 11-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone in guinea-pig adrenal and rat capsular adrenal cell suspensions, respectively. At higher concentrations (greater than 10(-6) M), etomidate also inhibited ovarian oestradiol production, testicular androgen formation and ovarian progesterone synthesis. The latter action suggests an effect on ovarian aromatase, on testicular 17 alpha/17,20-lyase activities and finally on cholesterol side-chain cleavage. The fluoro analogue of etomidate, R 8110, was ten times less potent as an inhibitor of 11-hydroxylation and affected progesterone formation only slightly in adrenal cell suspensions. Testosterone production was less affected by R 8110 than by etomidate. The increase of progestins suggests that the 17 alpha/17,20-lyase activities are the most sensitive testicular enzymatic reactions to R 8110. For inhibition of ovarian oestradiol production, R 8110 was twenty times more potent than etomidate. PMID- 3210262 TI - Biphasic disruption of fasting equine gut motility by dopamine--a preliminary study. AB - Dopamine was infused intravenously (1, 5 and 10 micrograms/kg/min) for 60 min in three fasted ponies. A dose-dependent increase in heart rate occurred that was rapid in onset and termination at the start and end of the infusions, respectively. Dose-dependent changes in gastric and small intestinal motility were observed. An initial marked inhibition of gastric contraction amplitude was followed by a secondary prolonged period of activity. At the same time the small intestine showed a prolonged period of irregular activity (phase II) and a marked increase in the interval between successive phase IIIs. The left dorsal colon and small colon exhibited variable responses. The normal fasting motility pattern was therefore disrupted by dopamine biphasically, an initial inhibition of the stomach being followed by a period of increased activity in the stomach and small intestine which resembled the postprandial motility pattern. Although the cardiovascular effects of dopamine were transient, the increases in gastrointestinal motility persisted long after the infusion was terminated. PMID- 3210263 TI - Investigation of the effects of histamine inhalation on the tracheobronchial tree of calves by the forced oscillation technique. AB - Effects of histamine inhalation were investigated with two different techniques in nine conscious, healthy calves. The oesophageal balloon technique was used to measure the dynamic respiratory compliance (Cdyn) and the pulmonary resistance (RL). The reactance (Xrs) and the resistance (Rrs) of the respiratory system were measured at high frequencies by the forced oscillation technique. These parameters were recorded before and after histamine inhalation. Three histamine dihydrochloride solution concentrations were used (16 mg/ml; 32 mg/ml; 64 mg/ml). Histamine inhalation induced a decrease in Cdyn and Xrs an increase in Rrs, RL and of the resonant frequency and a negative frequency dependence of Rrs. Some of these changes were satisfactorily correlated with the histamine solution concentrations. The resonant frequency was well correlated with Cdyn. It was concluded that histamine inhalation induces a decrease of the calibre of small and large airways and a non-homogeneous behaviour of the pulmonary ventilation in awake calves. The forced oscillation technique can be used to perform an inhalation provocation test in unsedated animals. PMID- 3210264 TI - Determination of the acute oral toxicity of theophylline in conscious dogs. AB - The purpose of this study was to define the minimum toxic concentrations and clinical signs of theophylline toxicity in healthy, conscious dogs. Five dogs were dosed orally in a five-way crossover design with sustained release theophylline (Theo-Dur tablets, Key Pharmaceuticals) at 0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg. They were observed for a 9-h period for clinical signs of toxicity which had been previously determined in a pilot study. These signs included sinus tachycardia and central nervous stimulation (manifested as restlessness, excitement, or vomition). The Physiotel radiotransmitter telemetry system was used for the acquisition of the heart rate and ECG. Blood samples were obtained every hour for theophylline determination by high pressure liquid chromatography. The results showed that toxicity occurs at higher theophylline plasma concentrations in the dog (37-60 micrograms/ml) as compared to man (greater than 20 micrograms/ml) when dosed orally. Since current dosage regimens in dogs are designed to maintain trough-peak theophylline plasma concentrations between 10 and 20 micrograms/ml, the results indicate that the upper limit of this range appears to be safe in the dog. PMID- 3210265 TI - Pharmacokinetic estimation for therapeutic dosage regimens (PETDR)--a software program designed to determine intravenous drug dosage regimens for veterinary applications. AB - Pharmacokinetic estimation for therapeutic dosage regimens (PETDR) is a soft-ware program used to design individualized intravenous dosage regimens, determine concentration-time profiles, predict serum concentrations at a specific time after intravenous dosing and predict the time after the last dose to achieve a specified concentration of drug. The reference pharmacokinetic parameters may be based on an individual animal's pharmacokinetic disposition of drug or on FARAD (Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank) mean population kinetic parameters. An individual animal's kinetic parameters may be input for predetermined analysis or the program can calculate these values by input of raw serum concentration-time data. The program allows the user to specify certain parameters of the dosage regimen, then calculates the other parameters (given desired maximum and minimum serum concentrations, dose and interval are calculated; given desired maximum serum concentration and interval, dose is calculated, etc.). Given the kinetic parameters, the dose and dosing interval, the program calculates and plots the serum concentration-time profile of the drug for that animal. The time and the number of doses to reach steady state can be calculated as well as the determination of loading dose. The percentage of the time of a dosing interval at steady state that the serum concentration is above a specific minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) allows evaluation of efficacy of an antimicrobial regimen. Similarly, the time to reach a specific concentration (e.g. residue tolerance) or the MIC of a drug can be calculated. Legal tissue tolerances can be accessed from FARAD to aid in predicting for what period of time illegal residues will remain in the animal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210266 TI - Preliminary pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole in gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). PMID- 3210267 TI - Effects of halothane on the mechanical responses in vitro of coronary arterial rings of malignant hyperthermia susceptible swine. PMID- 3210268 TI - The oxfendazole pulse release bolus. PMID- 3210269 TI - Single injection inulin/PAH method for the determination of renal clearances in adult horses and ponies. PMID- 3210271 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in horses. PMID- 3210270 TI - Pharmacokinetics of rifampin in calves and adult sheep. PMID- 3210272 TI - Accord on drug testing, sanctions sought before 1992 Olympics in Europe. PMID- 3210273 TI - Childhood cancers' improved survival rates can exact a price in late effects of therapy. PMID- 3210274 TI - Leads from the MMWR. State and local influenza immunization program activities. PMID- 3210275 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Abortion surveillance: preliminary analysis--United States, 1984, 1985. PMID- 3210276 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Hospital discharge rates for four major cancers--United States, 1970-1986. PMID- 3210277 TI - Physician deaths under the age of 50 years: information from the obituaries. PMID- 3210278 TI - The lurking sperm: vasectomy failures. PMID- 3210279 TI - Reye's syndrome among patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3210280 TI - Psychiatric aspects of organ transplantation. PMID- 3210281 TI - Loss of the will to live in multisystem organ failure. PMID- 3210282 TI - Affluent drowning victims; manacled minds. PMID- 3210283 TI - Estimated prevalence of anabolic steroid use among male high school seniors. AB - The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AS) is perceived by the media, by segments of the sports medicine and athletic communities, and by the public to have grown to epidemic proportions. Unfortunately, the incidence and prevalence of AS use among elite, amateur, and recreational athletes is poorly documented. This study was designed to help identify AS use patterns among the male portion of the general adolescent population. The overall participation rate on a schoolwide basis was 68.7% and on an individual basis reached 50.3%. Participants in this investigation were 12th-grade male students (N = 3403) in 46 private and public high schools across the nation who completed a questionnaire that established current or previous use of AS as well as user and nonuser characteristics. Results indicate that 6.6% of 12th grade male students use or have used AS and that over two thirds of the user group initiated use when they were 16 years of age or younger. Approximately 21% of users reported that a health professional was their primary source. The evidence indicates that educational intervention strategies should begin as early as junior high school; the intervention should not be directed only toward those individuals who participate in school-based athletics. PMID- 3210284 TI - Impact of critical care physician staffing on patients with septic shock in a university hospital medical intensive care unit. AB - To evaluate the effects of reorganizing physician resources in a medical intensive care unit (MICU), we studied the impact of these changes in patients with septic shock. Patients were compared during two consecutive 12-month periods: (1) an interval in which faculty without critical care medicine (CCM) training supervised the MICU (before CCM, n = 100) and (2) following staffing with physicians formally trained in CCM (after CCM, n = 112). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation scores were utilized to compare severity of illness and were similar for each group (29 +/- 11 before CCM vs 28 +/- 10 after CCM). However, mortality was significantly lower during the post-CCM interval (74% vs 57%, respectively). There was no significant difference in the frequency of use of mechanical ventilation (83% vs 87%), although pulmonary artery catheters (48% vs 64%) and arterial catheters (24% vs 73%) were employed more frequently after CCM. The number of subspecialty consultations and MICU and hospital length of stay were similar for both intervals. We conclude that the implementation of dedicated staffing by CCM physicians in a university hospital MICU was associated with a favorable impact on patients with septic shock. PMID- 3210285 TI - Determinants of isolated systolic hypertension. AB - Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), defined as systolic blood pressure of 160 mm Hg or greater when the diastolic pressure is less than 95 mm Hg, is a common form of hypertension among the elderly. We collected incidence and prevalence data on ISH and evaluated several potential factors for its occurrence in the Framingham Heart Study during 16 biennial examinations. The factors evaluated were age, sex, all components of the blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure), Metropolitan relative weight, serum cholesterol level, serum uric acid level, cigarette smoking, ventricular heart rate, glucose intolerance, and hematocrit. The population at risk (1687 men and 1992 women) were those members of the Framingham cohort with a systolic blood pressure less than 160 mm Hg in the first four biennial examinations. Results showed ISH in 14.4% of the men and 22.8% of the women. Cumulative incidence rates were 418 per 1000 in men and 533 per 1000 in women. Significant risk factors for ISH were age, sex, all components of the blood pressure, and increased relative weight in women. We conclude that ISH is a highly prevalent disorder. Its major determinants are age, sex, increasing levels of blood pressure, and obesity in women. PMID- 3210286 TI - Spicy food and the stomach. Evaluation by videoendoscopy. AB - We used videoendoscopy to investigate the effect of eating spicy foods on the gastric mucosa. We employed four meals: a bland meal of unpeppered steak and french fries (negative control), a bland meal with 1950 mg of aspirin (positive control), a spicy Mexican meal (30 g of jalapeno peppers), and a pepperoni pizza. Twelve subjects (eight men and four women, aged 24 to 43 years) were studied in a randomized, crossover trial with the test meal given at the noon and evening meals; each subject received all four test meals. Each study consisted of a baseline endoscopy, which was repeated approximately 12 hours after the last test meal. Gastric and duodenal damage was scored using a modification of the Lanza scale. Eleven of 12 individuals taking the bland meal plus aspirin developed multiple gastric erosions (median score, C; which equates with "severe" injury). In contrast, the median endoscopic score for the other three meals was 0. Single cases of a single erosion were present after the Mexican meals and after the pizza meals. Another experiment was done to examine the effect of spices directly on the gastric mucosa; approximately 30 g of fresh jalapeno peppers was ground in a food processor and then placed directly into the stomach. Endoscopy after 24 hours revealed no visible mucosal damage. The ingestion of highly spiced meals by normal individuals is not associated with endoscopically demonstrable gastroduodenal mucosal damage. PMID- 3210288 TI - Outcomes in critical care medicine. PMID- 3210289 TI - Now is the time to emphasize the autopsy in quality assurance. PMID- 3210287 TI - Anabolic steroid use in adolescence. PMID- 3210290 TI - Relationship between cardiac function and the sympathetic nervous system during exercise in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The relationship between echographical cardiac function and sympathetic nerve activity during dynamic exercise was examined in patients with essential hypertension. Nine normotensives (Group N), 11 hypertensive patients without cardiac hypertrophy (Group NH) and 13 hypertensive patients with cardiac hypertrophy (Group HH) were studied during multistage exercise using a supine bicycle ergometer. The shortening fraction (SF) and the peak negative dD/dt in Group HH, being within the normal range, tended to be smaller than those in Group N at the 75-watt load. The mean value of the peak positive dD/dt (+dD/dt) in Group HH was significantly smaller than that in Group N at rest and during the 75 watt load. The percent increase of plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels (% delta NE) at the 75-watt load was significantly greater in Group HH than in Group N. Plasma NE, in some patients with cardiac hypertrophy and compromised cardiac function, markedly increased (% delta NE greater than or equal to 186) during exercise. % delta NE was directly related to the left ventricular mass index among all of the groups, but it was inversely related to the SF, -dD/dt, and to +dD/dt at the 75 watt load. We conclude that the augmented sympathetic nerve activity may contribute to preserving left ventricular systolic function during exercise within the normal range in hypertensive patients with cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 3210291 TI - Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic assessment of transmitral flow in pacing-induced angina pectoris. AB - We analyzed transmitral flow using pulsed Doppler echocardiography during anginal attack provoked by atrial pacing in 11 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Left ventricular (LV) filling period was divided into 4 time intervals (Tr1: the time interval to peak velocity of rapid filling (peak R), Tr2: the time interval from peak R to the end of rapid filling, Ts: the time interval of slow filling, Ta: the time interval of atrial contraction). The velocity in each interval was integrated by planimeter as IR1, IR2, IS or IA which indicates relative filling volume in each interval. During angina, IR1 was unchanged due to prolongation of Tr1 (82 +/- 21 to 102 +/- 23 msec, p less than 0.02), despite a decrease in peak R (54 +/- 11 to 43 +/- 11 cm/sec, p less than 0.005), while IR2 decreased (5.8 +/- 1.9 to 4.3 +/- 1.4 cm, p less than 0.005) and IA increased (6.7 +/- 1.4 to 7.3 +/- 1.3 cm, p less than 0.005). In conclusion, these results suggested that in acute myocardial ischemia in CAD a decrease in transmitral flow from the time of peak R to the end of rapid filling (IR2) reflected the impairment of the LV rapid filling, which was incompletely compensated by an increase in atrial contraction. PMID- 3210292 TI - Effects of coronary thrombolysis on left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Left ventriculograms were performed on 65 patients with acute myocardial infarction, once upon admission and again 3 months later. In 29 cases urokinase was injected intravenously and/or intracoronarily. The other 17 were treated without urokinase. In 8 out of 29 patients whose infarct-related coronary arteries remained completely occluded following urokinase therapy, the global ejection fraction was reduced from 54 +/- 3% during the acute stage to 46 +/- 5% during the chronic stage (p less than 0.001). However, for the 21 patients whose coronary arteries were successfully recanalized, the 2 values were the same (52 +/- 2%). The highest global ejection fractions were seen in 19 spontaneously recanalized patients (acute: 54 +/- 2%, chronic: 55 +/- 2%). For the 8 unsuccessful patients, the regional ejection fraction for the infarcted portion was reduced from 20 +/- 5% during the acute stage to 18 +/- 6% during the chronic stage. But for the successful patients there was an improvement from 22 +/- 2% during the acute stage to 27 +/- 2% during the chronic stage. Again, the regional ejection fraction was the highest for the spontaneously recanalized group, being 31 +/- 2% and 36 +/- 3% during the acute and chronic stages, respectively. These results indicate that if the coronary artery remains occluded during the acute stage the reduced left ventricular function continues to deteriorate even more during the chronic stage. Successful coronary thrombolysis, however, might salvage the infarcted myocardium as well as preserve the function of the left ventricle. PMID- 3210293 TI - Spontaneously occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the rat. II. Distribution of, and correlations between, various cardiac abnormalities in the WKY/NCrj and its related strains. AB - We performed gross-anatomic and histologic examinations quantitatively on 18 male and 30 female WKY/NCrj rats, and their 299 first generation off spring. The results were analyzed in comparison with those obtained from 3 other strains of rats. The offspring of the WKY rats showed various cardiac abnormalities quite similar to those in their parents. The cardiac abnormalities in the offspring of the WKY rats were: increased heart weight (in about 10%), left or right atrial hypertrophy (50%), disproportionate septal thickening (50%), small left ventricular cavity (40%), right ventricular hypertrophy (40%), abnormal fiber arrangement greater than 5% in either of the 3 ventricular walls (90%), myocardial fibrosis (70%), and abnormal location of arteries in the ventricular septum (30%). ECG findings of the WHY-F rats such as high QRS complexes and high T waves and axis deviation showed a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of marked cardiac hypertrophy. Another conspicuous histologic finding observed in the WKY hearts was that the continuity of the latitudinal fiber bundle of the ventricular septum with that of the left ventricular free wall, an important functioning unit for pressure generation in the left ventricle, was markedly disturbed in the area of junction between the 2 walls; the smaller the continuity, the greater the cardiac hypertrophy; the disadvantage of the discontinuity for the pressure generation may be related to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Also examined were two strains of Wistar rats with the same origin as the WKY/NCrj. These rats also had gross-anatomic and histologic abnormalities of the heart quite similar to those in the 2 generations of WKY/NCrj rats, suggesting that a common factor related to the development of the abnormalities, probably a genetic predisposition, has been transmitted in these 3 strains. PMID- 3210294 TI - Slow continuous hemodialysis--new therapy for acute renal failure in critically ill patients--Part 1. Theoretical consideration and new technique. AB - In order to treat acutely uremic patients in an unstable hemodynamic state, we developed a new system for slow continuous hemodialysis. It is well known that continuous hemofiltration or peritoneal dialysis are successful in terms of removing the excess body water without adverse effects on hemodynamics. On the other hand, hemodialysis is far more effective in eliminating solutes such as uremic toxins, especially under a catabolic state. In order to combine the merits of both interventions, volume control and solute removal were dealt with separately in our system. The main system is composed of a double-pump driven closed circuit for the re-circulated hemodialysis. Volume control was achieved accurately within +/- 5% error of the set rate. The dialysance was evaluated in vitro and the efficacy of solute elimination was simulated mathematically. It was speculated that slow continuous hemodialysis could be a new method of treating critically ill patients with acute renal failure. PMID- 3210295 TI - Slow continuous hemodialysis--new therapy for acute renal failure in critically ill patients--Part 2. Animal experiments and clinical implication. AB - Five acutely uremic dogs were treated for 9 hours by means of slow continuous hemodialysis using our newly developed machine. The blood concentrations of urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were determined every hour and were compared to those calculated from a mathematical pool model. In order to assess the accuracy of volume control, the body weight of dogs was monitored continuously by scale bed, under simultaneous 200 ml/hour infusion and ultrafiltration. Arterial and swan-ganz catheter were inserted to measure hemodynamic changes during hemodialysis. The efficacy of solute elimination was coincidental with the predicted value. The error of volume control was within +/- 5% of set rate. Hemodynamic parameters were not significantly influenced in spite of a large amount of volume exchange. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that slow continuous hemodialysis could be a better alternative to peritoneal dialysis, continuous hemofiltration or conventional hemodialysis in order to treat acute renal failure in critically ill patients, in terms of solute removal, volume control and the effects on hemodynamics. PMID- 3210296 TI - [Clinical laboratory approach for estimating effective administrative dose of sulbactam/cefoperazone]. AB - Sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) is a preparation containing CPZ and SBT, an inhibitor of beta-lactamases, at the ratio 1:1. The reliability of the SBT/CPZ disc susceptibility test in estimating approximate values of MICs and the utilization of the test in the evaluation of proper administrative doses were studied using 365 strains of clinical isolates. The antimicrobial activity of SBT/CPZ was stronger than that of CPZ alone. This increase in the antimicrobial activity due to the addition of SBT was well observed in the disc diffusion susceptibility test and MIC values. The MIC80 of SBT/CPZ against Staphylococcus aureus was 12.5 micrograms/ml, while that of CPZ alone was 50 micrograms/ml. MIC80s of SBT/CPZ against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter aerogenes were smaller than those of CPZ, and were 0.20, 12.5, 25 and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively. However, MIC80s of SBT/CPZ against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris were not changed compared to those of CPZ alone, and MIC80s were 6.25, 0.20, 0.78, and 0.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. The reliability of the SBT/CPZ disc diffusion susceptibility test in the quantitative estimation of antimicrobial activities was well demonstrated using commercialized 8 mm diameter discs (Showa) and 6 mm diameter discs prepared in this laboratory, both of which contained 30 micrograms of CPZ and 30 micrograms of SBT. These disc susceptibility test results were well correlated with MICs, hence the SBT/CPZ disc susceptibility test should be useful for the estimation of approximate MIC values. To interpret results of the Showa SBT/CPZ disc test, the following 4 category classification was used: (?) MIC less than or equal to 3 micrograms/ml, (? 3 micrograms/ml less than MIC less than or equal to 15 micrograms/ml, (?15 micrograms/ml less than MIC less than or equal to 60 micrograms/ml, (-) MIC greater than 60 micrograms/ml. In both 6 and 8 mm diameter disc tests, when uniform break points of inhibitory zone diameter were similarly applied to all strains isolated clinically, some strains of S. aureus, E. faecalis, and P. aeruginosa, brought false positive (susceptible) results showing slightly greater inhibitory zone diameters compared to MICs. However, if different break points against P. aeruginosa as indicated in this study were applied and E. faecalis was excluded from the test, excellent results were obtained in the quantitative estimation of MICs. Antimicrobial activities of antibiotic agents have been reported to be reduced by serum protein binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210297 TI - [Antibacterial activities of monobactams against fresh clinical isolates]. AB - Antibacterial activities of monobactam antibiotics (carumonam (CRMN) and aztreonam (AZT] against Gram-negative bacilli isolated from inpatients in the latter half of 1987 were investigated using penicillin (PC: piperacillin (PIPC], cephems (CEPs: ceftazidime (CAZ), cefotaxime (CTX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefsulodin (CFS], carbapenem (imipenem (IPM] and pyridonecarboxylic acids (norfloxacin (NFLX) and ofloxacin (OFLX] as reference antibiotics. A total of 400 strains of 13 species, i.e. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Providencia rettgeri, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae, were used as test strains. 1. CRMN and AZT, both monobactam antibiotics, were roughly comparable in their activities and no resistant strain to these antibiotics were found among isolates of E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., M. morganii, P. rettgeri or H. influenzae and few resistant strains were observed among isolates of S. marcescens. On the other hand, isolates of C. freundii, Enterobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa included rather numerous strains resistant to the monobactam antibiotics. Among these cases, whereas R strains, i.e. resistant strains showing MICs greater than or equal to 50 micrograms/ml, accounted for a large proportion of strains resistant to PC and CEPs, I strains, i.e. intermediately resistant strains showing MICs between 12.5 and 25 micrograms/ml, accounted for a large proportion of strains resistant to the monobactam antibiotics. 2. Strains resistant to PIPC, a PC, were detected with high and more or less uniform frequencies over the entire spectrum of the isolates examined. 3. Antibacterial activities of CEPs varied against different bacterial species. While strains resistant to CTX, CAZ and LMOX were commonly detected with high frequencies among isolates of C. freundii, Enterobacter spp. and S. marcescens, large percentages of LMOX-resistant strains of C. freundii and Enterobacter spp. were of the I type. CTX-resistant strains were also found among isolates of P. vulgaris and M. morganii. Proportions of CEP-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa were 28% for CFS and 12% for CAZ. 4. No or few strains among the isolates of 13 species investigated were resistant to IPM, a carbapenem antibiotic, which showed the most stable antibacterial activity, but it was less active than monobactam antibiotics and CEPs against Klebsiella spp., P. mirabilis and H. influenzae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3210298 TI - [A clinical trial of astromicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, in thoracotomized patients and astromicin concentrations in the lung tissue]. AB - There have been no report on concentrations in human lung tissue of aminoglycoside antibiotics which are frequently used in combination with cephem antibiotics in the treatment of severe respiratory infections. The authors examined lung tissue concentration of astromicin (ASTM) during clinical trials in thoracotomized patients using intravenous drip infusion just before operation. And the following conclusions have been obtained: 1. The average peak serum level obtained upon intravenous drip infusion of ASTM 200 mg for 1 hour just before operation was 11.2 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after starting the administration and half-life of ASTM in beta phase was 2.90 hours. 2. ASTM concentrations in the lung tissue upon 1 hour intravenous drip infusion just before operation at a dose level of 200 mg reached a maximum at 2 hours after the start of the administration averaging 7.7 micrograms/ml and were 27.7-68.8% of serum peak level. 3. Bronchiolar concentrations of ASTM 200 mg upon 1 hour intravenous drip infusion just before operation were 33.0-72.3% of peak serum level. These concentrations appear to be sufficient for the treatment of target infections. 4. The 1 hour intravenous drip infusion of ASTM 200 mg appeared to be clinically safety and useful as was the intramuscular injection of ASTM 200 mg. PMID- 3210299 TI - [Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates and young infants]. AB - Twenty three neonates and young infants were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and its clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 0 to 83 days, and their body weights ranged from 750 to 4,760 g. Doses of IPM/CS ranged from 17.4 to 21.5 mg/kg as IPM every 6 to 12 hours for 3 to 12 days. Sixteen patients with infections including sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia, appeared to have responded to the IPM/CS treatment. Among them, clinical results were excellent in 2, good in 12 and fair in 2 patients. The drug was well tolerated, but 1 patient had diarrhea, 1 had redness of body during infusion, 1 had elevated GOT and GPT, and 2 patients showed only elevated values of GOT only among the 23 patients. The pharmacokinetics of IPM/CS were studied in 7 patients. Their ages ranged from 0 to 9 days, and body weights ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 kg. Serum concentrations of IPM were between 18.0 and 96.9 micrograms/ml and those of CS ranged 31.7 and 144.5 micrograms/ml in 6 patients at the end of intravenous drip infusion 20 mg/20 mg/kg during 30 or 60 minutes. Elimination half-lives of IPM ranged from 1.2 to 2.0 hours, and those of CS ranged from 1.4 to 2.7 hours. Serum concentrations of IPM was 14.7 micrograms/ml and that of CS was 32.4 micrograms/ml in 1 patient at the end of 30 minute-drip infusion 10 mg/10 mg/kg. The elimination half-lives of IPM was 1.5 hours, and that of CS was 2.9 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210300 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates]. AB - Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were carried out in neonates. The following results were obtained: 1. The plasma concentrations of IPM/CS were determined upon doses of 10 mg/10 mg/kg and 20 mg/20 mg/kg administered using 30- and 60-minute drip infusion, respectively. Peak concentrations of IPM/CS were 19.0-34.7 micrograms/ml/32.6-73.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, at the end of the drip infusion. Plasma half-lives of IPM and CS were 1.4-1.6 hours and 1.7-2.1 hours, respectively. 2. Over a period of 6-8.5 hours, urinary excretions of IPM and CS totaled 19.8-42.7% and 46.9-89.3% of the dose administered, respectively. 3. Clinical responses to IPM/CS were excellent in 4 patients, good in 8 patients and unknown in 1 patient. 4. No side effect was observed except for a platelet increase in 2 patients. From the above results, it has been concluded that IPM/CS is an effective and safe drug in the treatment of neonatal infections. PMID- 3210301 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates and premature infants]. AB - Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) was administered in a dose of 10 mg/10 mg/kg or 20 mg/20 mg/kg by a 1-hour intravenous drip infusion to 19 mature and premature neonates with ages from 1 to 12 days with various bacterial infections, and plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates in these subjects were measured. Because of the small number of patients recruited, neonates were not divided into mature and premature groups, but into 3 groups based on their day ages: 0-3 days, 4-7 days and 8 days or older. A clinical evaluation of IPM/CS was carried out in 10 male and 3 female neonates with ages 0-28 days. These patients included 6 with pneumonia, 4 with urinary tract infection and 1 each with septicemia, suspected septicemia and maxillary sinusitis. 1. Plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates (1) The 1-hour intravenous drip infusion at 10 mg/10 mg/kg of IPM/CS IPM: Its peak plasma concentrations were obtained at the end of drip infusion of the test drug in all 3 groups, their values ranged from 18.18 to 19.90 micrograms/ml with no statistically significant variations. The plasma concentrations rapidly decreased to 0.32-0.98 microgram/ml at 8 hours after administration of IPM/CS. The half-lives tended to be shorter in older neonates, with mean half-lives being 1.87, 1.55 and 1.40 hours, respectively. CS: Its peak plasma concentrations were obtained for all 3 groups at the end of drip infusion and were ranging from 28.23 to 30.00 micrograms/ml with no significant variations. Plasma concentrations in the 0-3 day-age group and the 4-7 day-age group slowly decreased to 6.30 micrograms/ml and 4.58 micrograms/ml at 8 hours after administration of IPM/CS, respectively. Half-lives were 4.10 hours and 3.08 hours, respectively. On the other hand, those of the 8 day or older group rapidly decreased to below the detection limit in 8 hours after administration with a half-life of 1.6 hours. (2) The 1-hour intravenous drip infusion at 20 mg/20 mg/kg of IPM/CS IPM: Peak plasma concentrations were obtained in all 3 groups at the end of drip infusion and were ranging from 31.1 to 38.24 micrograms/ml. Plasma concentrations rapidly decreased, and were 0.95 2.08 micrograms/ml at 8 hours after administration with half-lives of 1.5-1.88 hours. CS: Peak plasma concentrations were obtained in all 3 groups at the end of drip infusion and were ranging from 47.0 to 55.82 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3210302 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates]. AB - Clinical pharmacology and clinical efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS), a beta-lactam antibiotic with a carbapenem nucleus and a dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor, were investigated in newborns. 1. Peak serum concentrations of IPM/CS at a dose of 20 mg/20 mg/kg were achieved at the end of 60-minute infusion. Maximum serum levels of IPM and CS were 44.2 micrograms/ml and 70.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, in neonates with ages 0-3 days. IPM and CS peak levels in premature infants with ages 0-3 days were 47.2 micrograms/ml and 56.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. IPM and CS peak levels in neonates 4 day-old or older were 35.0 micrograms/ml and 41.5 micrograms/ml, respectively, and in premature infants of similar ages were 45.7 micrograms/ml and 65.3 micrograms/ml, respectively. 2. Mean serum half-lives of IPM and CS in 0-3 day-old neonates were 1.6 hours and 3.1 hours, respectively, and the mean serum half-lives in premature infants were 2.1 hours and 4.6 hours, respectively. In neonates 4 day-old or older, the mean serum half-lives of IPM and CS were 1.6 hours and 2.6 hours, respectively, and in premature infants they were 1.5 hours and 1.9 hours, respectively. 3. A dose response was evident between doses of 10 mg/10 mg/kg and 20 mg/20 mg/kg of IPM and CS. 4. Urinary recovery rates of IPM for the 0- to 6 hour post IPM/CS infusion period ranged between 27.2 and 46.6%. For CS, urinary recovery rates for the 0- to 6-hour post IPM/CS infusion period ranged between 25.3 and 100.8%. 5. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 9 patients and 7 patients showed excellent or good responses. 6. Of 14 patients who received IPM/CS treatment, 1 patient showed hematuria, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and 3 patients showed eosinophilia. However, these adverse reactions improved after the completion of therapy. 7. IPM has excellent antimicrobial activity against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, coadministration of IPM and CS produced good clinical responses and no serious adverse reactions. It is hence concluded that IPM/CS sodium is very useful for the treatment of severe bacterial infections in neonates, especially in the presence of beta-lactamase resistant strains and in polymicrobial infections. PMID- 3210303 TI - [Evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonatal infections]. AB - Ten patients with infections (8 neonates and 2 infants) were treated with 10.2 mg/10.2 mg/kg-37.7 mg/37.7 mg/kg of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) b.i.d. or t.i.d. by a 1-hour intravenous drip infusion. The plasma concentrations of IPM/CS were determined in 5 of the 10 patients and in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 patient of the 5. 1. The patients studied included 5 with pneumonia and 1 each with urinary tract infection, omphalitis, suspected meningitis, periproctal abscess and suspected septicemia. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 9 patients: the patient with suspected meningitis was excluded from the clinical evaluation because the infection was doubtfully due to bacteria. Responses were excellent in 4 and good in 5 patients. No patient with a poor response was observed. All of the 6 etiological isolates obtained from 5 patients (2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 1 each of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Bacteroides fragilis) were eradicated. 2. As for side effects, rash was observed in 1 patient and petechiae accompanied by decreases in platelets and reticulocytes and increases in GOT and GPT were observed in another. Other abnormal laboratory test values in addition to the above abnormalities consisted of an increase in GPT in 1 patient and increases in GOT and GPT in another. These side effects and abnormalities in laboratory test values were mild and normalized after discontinuation or completion of IPM/CS administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210304 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in pediatric surgery]. AB - Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in pediatric surgery were performed and the results obtained are summarized below. 1. Plasma and urinary levels of IPM/CS were measured in 9 neonate patients following drip-infusion for 1 hour of IPM/CS (dose of IPM 10 mg/kg for 5 patients, 20 mg/kg for 4 patients). In the 10 mg/kg group, peak plasma levels were observed at the end of infusion or after 1 hour of it. IPM 9.95-14.2 micrograms/ml, CS 7.7-30.1 micrograms/ml. In the 20 mg/kg group, peak levels were found at the end of the infusion, IPM 39.2-41.7 micrograms/ml, CS 48.1-58.8 micrograms/ml. In both groups, plasma levels of IPM/CS decreased rapidly, and plasma half-lives (T 1/2) in the 20 mg/kg group were 0.9-1.2 hours (IPM) and 0.8 1.1 hours (CS). Urinary recovery rates were 17.7-28.7% (10 mg/kg), 21.1-36.9% (20 mg/kg) for IPM and 27.1-43.8% (10 mg/kg) and 21.5-76.5% (20 mg/kg) for CS. 2. Bile levels of IPM/CS were measured in 3 patients with congenital biliary atresia and 1 patient with neonatal hepatitis. Peak levels of IPM/CS in bile were noted 1 hour after the end of infusion, and they were 3.01-12.3 micrograms/ml for IPM, and 2.5-13.1 micrograms/ml for CS. Recovery rates in bile in 7 hours after the end of infusion were 0.03-0.12% (IPM), 0.01-0.12% (CS). 3. IPM/CS was administered to 9 patients as prophylaxis against postoperative infections and to 2 patients with postoperative cholangitis. No infectious complications were observed in patients after the prophylactic use. In 1 patient with cholangitis, clinical effect was good and organisms were eradicated. No clinical or laboratory adverse reactions due to the administration of IPM/CS were noted. It is concluded that IPM/CS is an effective and safe antibiotic in pediatric surgery. PMID- 3210305 TI - [Study of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the perinatal period]. AB - The placental passage and therapeutic efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were studied in the perinatal period. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The mean biological half-life of IPM in maternal serum was 30 minutes. 2. The umbilical cord serum concentration of IPM was about 70% of that in maternal serum after 30 minutes. 3. A significant level of IPM was found in the amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid concentration of IPM was over 1 micrograms/ml at 45 minutes after administration and equal to that in maternal serum at about 90 minutes. 4. In 4 patients, the time course of placental transfer of IPM was investigated. The level of IPM in amniotic fluid was higher than that in maternal serum at 90 minutes after administration and gradually increased afterward. 5. The level of IPM was 3.96 micrograms/g in the fetal membranes at 17 minutes after administration. 6. In the treatment of 12 patients with perinatal infections, the preparation showed excellent efficacies in 3 patients and good efficacies in 7 patients. 7. An adverse effect (vomiting) was observed in only one patient. In conclusion, this drug showed satisfactory placental transfer as well as sufficient safety and excellent efficacy in the treatment of perinatal infections. PMID- 3210306 TI - [Clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in perinatal use]. AB - The clinical efficacy and the safety of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in perinatal infections were studied. The results are summarized below. 1. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 12 patients with intrauterine infections (endometritis), 3 patients with amniotic fluid infections, 2 patients with puerperal fever and 3 patients with other infections. The drug was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a 0.5g to 1.0g dose as IPM and the total doses during an entire course of treatment were 1.5g to 15g. 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 4 (20%) and good in 16 patients (80%) and the efficacy rate was 100%. Ten patients had not improved upon treatments with other previous antibiotics. 3. Infective bacteria were eradicated in 4, decreased in 1, and replaced in 6 patients. 4. No side effects or abnormal clinical laboratory test values were observed in any patient. PMID- 3210307 TI - [Clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the perinatal period]. AB - Clinical studies were carried out on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in the perinatal period, and the results are summarized below. 1. IPM/CS was administered to a total of 10 patients including 7 with puerperal intrauterine infections and 3 with pyelonephritis at a dose of 0.5 g/0.5 g twice daily through intravenous drip infusion. IPM/CS showed satisfactory results. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 1 patient, good in 9 with an efficacy rate of 100%. 2. As for bacteriological evaluation, 12 strains out of 14 detected in 8 patients before the treatment were eradicated upon IPM/CS administration, with an eradication rate of 85.7%. The remaining 2 strains persisted. 3. Neither subjective and objective side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values were observed in any of the patients or their babies. PMID- 3210308 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the perinatal period]. AB - To evaluate the efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, fundamental (measurement of IPM/CS concentrations in mothers' milk) and clinical studies were performed. Concentrations of IPM/CS in mothers' milk were measured every 1 hour up to 6 hours after a 30-minute drip infusion of 500 mg/500 mg of IPM/CS. IPM/CS was distributed similarly to other cephalosporins. In the clinical study, a 500 mg/500 mg dose of IPM/CS was administered to 5 patients with puerperal intrauterine infections and to 3 patients with urinary tract infections by a 30-minute drip infusion b.i.d. or t.i.d. Good responses were observed in all 8 patients, though the infections were mild or moderate. From these results, IPM/CS appeared to be a useful drug for the treatment of perinatal infections. PMID- 3210309 TI - [Clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology in the perinatal period]. AB - Clinical studies were performed on the perinatal use of imipenem (IPM)/cilastatin sodium (CS). The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. IPM/CS was administered to 11 perinatal infection cases which included mainly intrauterine infections and 3 mastitis cases in addition. IPM/CS showed excellent effectiveness against 1, good against 11, and the efficacy rates were 85.7%. 2. No side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values were observed. PMID- 3210310 TI - [Clinical study of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the perinatal period]. AB - A clinical study was carried out on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in the perinatal period, and the results obtained are summarized as follows. IPM/CS was given to 5 cases with puerperal intrauterine infection and 2 with puerperal fever. The clinical efficacies were evaluated as good in 6 cases and poor in 1. The clinical efficacy rate was 85.7%. In a bacteriological examination, 9 strains were isolated from 6 cases, and 7 strains were eradicated with an eradication rate of 77.8%. No side effects were observed in any of the cases treated with IPM/CS. PMID- 3210311 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the perinatal period]. AB - Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS), a parenteral carbapenem antibiotic combination drug, were carried out in patients in the perinatal period. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Concentrations of IPM and CS in umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid and maternal blood were determined in 13 patients after 500 mg/500 mg of IPM/CS was administered by a drip infusion over a period of 30 minutes. Peak levels of both drugs in umbilical cord blood were about 30% of those in maternal blood. Although the levels gradually declined thereafter, the decline was slower in umbilical cord blood than in maternal blood and the levels became higher in the former than in the latter after 2 hours or more. The transfer of both drugs into amniotic fluid was slower than into umbilical cord blood. Peak levels were observed 5-6 hours after administration, averaging about 30% of that in the maternal blood for IPM and 45% for CS. 2. A 500 mg/500 mg dose of IPM/CS was administered to 10 patients with postpartum infections by a drip infusion over a period of 30 minutes or more twice daily in the morning and in the evening. Clinical responses were excellent in 6 patients and good in 4, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Bacteriologically, all of the 19 strains identified previous to the treatment were eradicated except for 1 strain. However, one new strain of Enterococcus sp. appeared in 1 patient. No side effects or abnormal laboratory findings were observed. These results suggest that IPM/CS will be useful for the treatment of various infections in the perinatal period. PMID- 3210312 TI - [Hemostatic tests for the diagnosis of thrombosis. The diagnosis of protein C deficiency]. PMID- 3210313 TI - [Hemostatic tests for the diagnosis of thrombosis. Examination of thrombotic disease by impedance aggregometry using whole blood]. PMID- 3210314 TI - [Hemostatic tests for the diagnosis of thrombosis. Activated platelet]. PMID- 3210315 TI - [Study on mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, platelet associated IgG in a family with hereditary thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 3210316 TI - [Immunochromometric assay for human protein C]. PMID- 3210317 TI - [Erythrocyte sodium transport in children with pseudohypoaldosteronism]. PMID- 3210318 TI - [Serum levels of guanidino compounds in liver diseases]. PMID- 3210319 TI - [Biochemical and immunochemical studies on a hereditary hypocholinesterase family with C5 variant (silent type 1)]. PMID- 3210320 TI - [Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulation and subsets in patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3210321 TI - [A determination of lymphocyte blastoid transformation by a flow cytometry]. PMID- 3210322 TI - [Quantitative estimation of thermal and vibration sensations in diabetic neuropathy]. PMID- 3210323 TI - [Studies of an information system in a laboratory for physiological function tests]. PMID- 3210324 TI - [Current status of chromosome examination at central clinical laboratories in Japan]. PMID- 3210325 TI - [Transition and trend in rapid frozen section diagnosis at the surgical pathology division of a university hospital]. PMID- 3210326 TI - [Computed tomography of old intracerebral hematoma]. PMID- 3210327 TI - [Computed tomography of paranasal sinus mucoceles]. PMID- 3210328 TI - [Computed tomographic appearance of the recurrent patterns of oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas]. PMID- 3210330 TI - [Clinical experience with intraoperative radiotherapy of locally advanced colorectal cancer]. PMID- 3210329 TI - [MR imaging of tuberculous spondylitis]. PMID- 3210331 TI - [Gallium-67 accumulation in the stomach]. PMID- 3210332 TI - [Embolization of intrahepatic arterioportal fistula]. PMID- 3210333 TI - [Intraluminal irradiation with 192Ir source in bile duct carcinoma]. PMID- 3210334 TI - [Computed tomography of the prostate gland; evaluation by CT score method]. PMID- 3210335 TI - [Plaster cast syndrome]. PMID- 3210336 TI - [A case of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy secondary to lung cancer]. PMID- 3210337 TI - [A case of intestinal tuberculosis with a cystic dilatation inducing so-called "blind loop syndrome"]. PMID- 3210339 TI - [A case of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia of usefulness of liver scintigraphy in diagnosis]. PMID- 3210338 TI - [Successful transcatheter arterial embolization treatment of hemobilia using a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tube]. PMID- 3210340 TI - [Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen with metastases in the liver--radionuclide and angiographic study]. PMID- 3210341 TI - [Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 3210342 TI - Rickettsiosis in Japan. AB - The rickettsial diseases of man in Japan include Tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus), murine typhus, which occurs sporadically, and one of spotted fever group diseases, recognized as a new entity since 1984. Starting from 1976, there has been a remarkable resurgence in the number of reported cases of Tsutsugamushi disease in Japan after several years of virtual absence, and endemics are still continuing after reaching a prominent outbreak in 1984. Its yearly incidences from 1982 to 1986 were 538, 749, 971, 890 and 738, respectively. This resurgence is most likely related to an increase of vector mite colonies that carry Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. However, it cannot be explained as to how these foci of vector mites developed. The existence of spotted fever group disease had not been recognized until quite recently. This rickettsiosis was first identified in Tokushima and Kochi Prefectures in 1984. To date, the estimated total number of sero-positive cases is over 45 cases. The causative rickettsiae were isolated from the blood of 5 patients using cell culture methods and the identification of these rickettsiae is now being carried out. PMID- 3210343 TI - Cellular and humoral immunity in prostitutes in Istanbul. AB - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be transmitted through heterosexual intercourse and prostitutes may be responsible for this form of transmission. Thirty-four prostitutes were included in this study and their humoral and cellular immunological parameters were compared with control group. Prostitutes were divided in two subgroups according to their sexual practice and the use of illicit drugs and compared with each other. The only immunological parameter that is significantly different from the control group was the serum IgM level. In prostitutes who have more than 11 partners in a week, the mean number of E rosettes, EAC rosette forming cells and cells expressing surface immunoglobulins were significantly higher than prostitutes who have 0-10 sexual partner in a week. PMID- 3210344 TI - Effect of vitamin B complex on the immunodeficiency produced by surgery of gastric cancer patients. AB - We studied the effect of vitamin B complex (vitamin B1, B6 and B12 complex) on the immune responsiveness in gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery. The depression of blastogenic responses to both PHA and PWM was observed 2 weeks after surgery in half of the patients treated with Vitamedin but the degree was significantly less than that in the control patients without vitamin B treatment whose lymphocyte responses were depressed. Moreover, the blastogenic responses were induced by vitamin B administration 2 or 4 weeks after surgery in 5 of the 8 stage III-IV patients whose lymphocytes had not responded prior to surgery. Four weeks after surgery, the patients without vitamin B treatment showed only a tendency of recovery of their lymphocyte responses, whereas the recovery of blastogenic responses in the patients treated with vitamin B was significant. Essentially similar results were obtained with skin reactions to PHA and PPD. These results suggest that the administration of vitamin B1, B6 and B12 complex is useful for the protection against and the recovery of immune dysfunction produced by surgery in cancer patients. PMID- 3210345 TI - [Effects of a platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist CV-3988 on acute gastric erosions in rats by water immersion and restrained stress, and by ethanol]. PMID- 3210346 TI - [The clinical aspect of pneumatosis cystoides coli with special reference to association of trichloroethylene exposure]. PMID- 3210347 TI - [Reaginic hypersensitivity in ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3210348 TI - [Transport of secretory immunoglobulin A in the colonic mucosa in Crohn's disease -with special reference to transepithelial transport in the columnar epithelial cells]. PMID- 3210349 TI - [Evaluation of DNA synthesis using antibromodeoxyuridine antibody in liver cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 3210350 TI - [Experimental study on responses to and prevention of endotoxin shock in thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rats]. PMID- 3210351 TI - [Kupffer cell-derived growth factor in fibroblasts in acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride]. PMID- 3210352 TI - [Primary culture of mucosal epithelial cells of the gallbladder from rabbits in collagen gel matrix]. PMID- 3210354 TI - [A case report of autoimmune hepatitis with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3210353 TI - [A case of esophageal ulcer associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome]. PMID- 3210355 TI - [A case of primary biliary cirrhosis treated with colchicine and ursodeoxycholic acid]. PMID- 3210356 TI - [Effects of 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on the mucous glycoprotein secretion of the gallbladder in guinea pigs: relation to the gallstone formation]. PMID- 3210357 TI - [The clinical and pathological study in the recurrent myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3210358 TI - [Characteristics of the gastric cancer in the aged (over 65 years old)]. PMID- 3210359 TI - [Clinical profile and prognosis of mitral valve prolapse: influence of aging to the complications]. PMID- 3210360 TI - [A quantitative study of cerebral atrophy in senile dementia of Alzheimer type]. PMID- 3210361 TI - [Werner's syndrome and arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 3210362 TI - [Creatinine clearance estimation in the elderly]. PMID- 3210364 TI - [Self care behaviors of patients with chronic dis]. PMID- 3210363 TI - [The relationship between illness in the aged and in inherently scorbutic rats (ODS rats)]. PMID- 3210365 TI - [Problems in planning self care by patients following surgery of cancer of cervical esophagus--the problem of aphasia]. PMID- 3210366 TI - [Problems in planning self care by patients following surgery of thoracic esophagus--problems of voice changes, deglutition disorders, and nutrition deficiency due to paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and restoration of strength]. PMID- 3210367 TI - [Innovation at oral feeding and assistance of postoperative patients with esophageal cancer]. PMID- 3210368 TI - [Innovation to ease the psychological shock at a loss of voice and promoting the desire for recovery by patients following surgery of cancer of cervical esophagus]. PMID- 3210369 TI - [Nutritional care for the recovery of physical strength of patients following surgery of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 3210370 TI - [Nursing method concerning the problems of voice changes and aspiration due to recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in postoperative patients with cancer of thoracic esophagus]. PMID- 3210371 TI - [Nursing of an aphasic patient following surgery of cancer of the lower cervical esophagus--with special reference to assistance in speech rehabilitation]. PMID- 3210372 TI - [Nursing of a postoperative esophageal cancer patient with deglutition disorder- assistance directed to oral feeding]. PMID- 3210373 TI - [Nursing of a patient with esophageal cancer complicated by postoperative suture dehiscence at the neck--an example where oral feeding became possible with the use of an esophageal prosthesis]. PMID- 3210374 TI - [Nursing of a postoperative patient with cancer of the lower esophagus and a loss of appetite due to reflux esophagitis]. PMID- 3210375 TI - [Phonation disorder and rehabilitation following surgery of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 3210376 TI - [Current status and future of esophageal prosthesis]. PMID- 3210377 TI - [3 topics on the sentiment concerning aging]. PMID- 3210378 TI - [Keypoints in the care of post-hepatectomy patients]. PMID- 3210379 TI - [Changes in the life activities of patients dependent on the oxygen condenser immediately before and after discharge from the hospital]. PMID- 3210380 TI - [Keypoints in monitoring of arrhythmia patients. 8. Atrial block (2) acute or complete block]. PMID- 3210381 TI - [Diagnostic tests required for chronic rheumatoid arthritis and their clinical significance]. PMID- 3210382 TI - [Nursing in ambulatory care. 9. Ambulatory nursing of children with allergies]. PMID- 3210383 TI - [Preparation of criteria of problems specific to aged patients who are undergoing surgery--a problem of transient psychiatric disorder following surgery]. PMID- 3210384 TI - [Problems in planning rehabilitation and self-care of patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3210385 TI - [Problems in planning chemotherapy and self-care of patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3210386 TI - [Equipment necessary for expansion of ADL and its improvement for patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3210387 TI - [Nursing of a chronic rheumatoid arthritis patient with expansion of ADL using improved self-help devices]. PMID- 3210388 TI - [Innovation in self-managed chemotherapy of patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3210389 TI - [Prosthetic replacement of arthritis joints: management of the prosthesis and prevention of postoperative fractures and dislocations]. PMID- 3210390 TI - [Establishment of self-care by a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis utilizing her residual functions]. PMID- 3210391 TI - [Assistance in motivating a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis toward rehabilitation]. PMID- 3210392 TI - [Assistance toward rehabilitation of a housewife with chronic rheumatoid arthritis with a conflict with her role within the family]. PMID- 3210393 TI - [Assistance in the self control of medication by a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis--assistance to a patient with poor comprehension]. PMID- 3210394 TI - [Assistance in self-care of a rheumatoid patient at home--practice of a social network]. PMID- 3210396 TI - [The current status and future of prosthetic joint replacement]. PMID- 3210395 TI - [Progress in anti-rheumatoid drugs]. PMID- 3210397 TI - [Rheumatoid care in everyday life--daily care and QOL]. PMID- 3210398 TI - [Community fund raising campaign and forced good will. An essay]. PMID- 3210399 TI - [Keypoints in the care of patients following excision of the colon and rectum]. PMID- 3210400 TI - [Approach by the medical personnel determined by the decision of an aged patient- a nursing viewpoint in a case study]. PMID- 3210402 TI - [Self-starting care of diabetes--programs at the Diabetes Center, Shakai Hoken Yokohama Central Hospital]. PMID- 3210401 TI - [Study on fatigue associated with shampooing--physiological comparison and evaluation of maintenance of a horizontal head position while lying on the back]. PMID- 3210403 TI - [Keypoints in monitoring arrhythmia. 10. Intraventricular conduction disturbance]. PMID- 3210405 TI - [Nursing in ambulatory care. 10. Ambulatory nursing of patients with infections]. PMID- 3210404 TI - [Diagnostic tests required for diabetes mellitus and their clinical significance]. PMID- 3210406 TI - [Preparation of the criteria for patients following total prosthetic replacement of the hip joint--a problem of early infection]. PMID- 3210407 TI - [Self-care and guidance of patients: nursing of patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases. Actions by self-help groups and the significance of their activities]. PMID- 3210408 TI - [Quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases--negative factors in relation to self-care]. PMID- 3210409 TI - [Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung diseases and problems concerning self care]. PMID- 3210410 TI - [The effects of respiratory rehabilitation on patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases--choice of respiration method and restoration of efficient respiratory functions]. PMID- 3210411 TI - [Self control of respiratory rehabilitation by patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases--group sessions on instructions in respiratory rehabilitation]. PMID- 3210412 TI - [Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung diseases and self management- observation of the early symptoms and their management]. PMID- 3210413 TI - [The status of self-care practiced at home by patients dependent on oxygen therapy]. PMID- 3210414 TI - [Promotion of self care and organization of a social network for patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 3210416 TI - [Nursing of a patient with chronic obstructive lung disease who is dependent on a respirator for an extended period]. PMID- 3210415 TI - [Assistance in self care by a patient with diffuse panbronchiolitis--a case with recurrent infections over a period of 8 years]. PMID- 3210417 TI - [Assistance toward self care by a patient with chronic obstructive lung disease who had difficulties in respiratory rehabilitation]. PMID- 3210418 TI - [Assistance in expanding ADL of a patient dependent on oxygen inhalation therapy at home]. PMID- 3210419 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 3210420 TI - [The current status and future of oxygen inhalation therapy at home]. PMID- 3210421 TI - [Psychological support and assistance of a patient introduced to a respirator at home]. PMID- 3210423 TI - [Hospice care in Australia--volunteer activities]. PMID- 3210422 TI - [Keypoints in the care of patients following prostatectomy]. PMID- 3210424 TI - [Keypoints in monitoring arrhythmia. 11. Auricular fibrillation and flutter and ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 3210425 TI - [Diagnostic tests required for thyroid dysfunction and their clinical significance]. PMID- 3210426 TI - [Nursing in ambulatory care. 10. Nursing in ambulatory emergencies]. PMID- 3210427 TI - [Preparation of the criteria for patients following posterolateral spinal fusion- a problem of urination difficulties]. PMID- 3210428 TI - [Commentary: Bowlby's attachment theory]. PMID- 3210429 TI - [Commentary: notes on measurement of attachment--strange situation procedure and ABC typology]. PMID- 3210430 TI - [An exploration of paternal-fetal attachment behavior]. PMID- 3210431 TI - [Comment on "An exploration of paternal-fetal attachment behavior']. PMID- 3210433 TI - [Work patterns of midlife nurses]. PMID- 3210432 TI - [Maternal behavior in postpartum for her newborn baby--purpose of the research and perspective]. PMID- 3210434 TI - [An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample]. PMID- 3210435 TI - [Discussion about review writing (6)]. PMID- 3210436 TI - [Nursing eye: Holistic nursing. Assessment in HITTEM nurse (health care record in integrated information system for nursing section)]. PMID- 3210437 TI - [Modern nursing evaluated by care receivers. A special symposium hosted by the Japanese Association of Private Nursing Colleges]. PMID- 3210438 TI - [Introduction of the process of "learning through experiences" in the high school nursing course]. PMID- 3210441 TI - [Introduction to logical therapy in the study of nursing humanity. 15. Practice session. 6. The course of the development of prejudice]. PMID- 3210440 TI - [Planning of nursing conferences with lively participation by members: incorporation of a role playing technic]. PMID- 3210439 TI - [Method of teaching "continuing nursing" in adult nursing training. An experience in organizing a symposium on a clinical case]. PMID- 3210442 TI - 1H-NMR studies of calmodulin: the modifying effect of W-7 (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5 chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide) on the calcium-induced conformational changes of calmodulin. AB - The effect of W-7 (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide), a calmodulin antagonist, on the calcium-bound conformation of calmodulin was studied by 1H-NMR at 400 MHz. W-7 affected the resonances of Ile-27, Phe-68, Phe 92, Ile-100, His-107 and Val-142. The resonances of Met-71, Met-72, Met-76, Phe 89 and Phe-141 may be affected by W-7. These findings suggest that W-7 binds to hydrophobic amino acid residues, which almost occur in calcium-binding sites II, III and IV or their vicinity. The effect of W-7 on the structure of calmodulin was similar to that of other drugs, trifluoperazine, D600 and oxmetidine. Thus, those residues in the high-field methyl region, the methionine methyl region and the phenylalanine aromatic region of calmodulin, which were similarly affected by all four drugs, may be important at the interface for binding of calmodulin to the regulatory sites on target enzymes. PMID- 3210443 TI - Mechanism of the analgesic effect of neurotropin. AB - Neurotropin, an extract from the inflamed skin of vaccinia virus-inoculated rabbits, has been observed clinically to be effective for treating pain in patients with lumbago, SMON and other neuropathies. In the present study, we examined the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of neurotropin in mice in relation to administration routes, opioids, and noradrenergic or GABAergic drugs, by the tail pressure method. The antinociceptive effects of neurotropin were large when administered by the i.p. and intracisternal (i.cist.) routes, but comparatively small in the case of the intrathecal (i.th.) route. Neurotropin may thus act at the supraspinal level rather than on the spinal cord. The antinociceptive effect of neurotropin was not blocked by naloxone, and no cross tolerance developed between neurotropin and morphine. The effect of neurotropin was blocked by phentolamine and reserpine, but not by atropine. Its effect was enhanced by GABA, muscimol, aminooxyacetic acid and diaminobutyric acid, but not by baclofen, and blocked by bicuculline methiodide. From these results, the antinociceptive action of neurotropin appears to be non-opioid in nature, and may possible be mediated by the noradrenergic and GABAergic systems, but unrelated to the cholinergic system. PMID- 3210444 TI - Mode of potentiating action of cocaine in morphine analgesia. AB - The mechanism of antinociceptive interactions among morphine, cocaine and alcohol was studied in mice, guinea pigs and rabbits. In the tail-pressure test in mice, cocaine and alcohol alone showed almost no antinociceptive effects at doses up to 8 mg/kg, s.c., and 4 g/kg, respectively. Alcohol at 2 g/kg, i.g., also did not influence the effect of morphine, while cocaine at 4 mg/kg, s.c., significantly potentiated the antinociceptive effects of not only morphine but also pentazocine. In an analysis of serum and brain concentration levels of morphine in mice, when morphine and cocaine were simultaneously administered at 2 mg/kg, s.c., and 4 mg/kg, s.c., respectively, both serum and brain levels of morphine showed neither increase nor decrease in comparison with the levels in mice administered morphine alone. In myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparations of isolated guinea pig ileum, 1 microM cocaine enhanced the agonistic effects of both pentazocine and ethylketocyclazocine. Furthermore, cocaine as well as ethylketocyclazocine showed naloxone-reversible agonistic effects in isolated rabbit vas deferens. These results indicate that cocaine may potentiate the antinociceptive effects of morphine and pentazocine by acting on the kappa-opioid receptors as an agonist. PMID- 3210445 TI - Time-related facilitation and suppression of drinking by muscarinic anticholinergic drugs in water non-deprived rats. AB - Effects of tertiary anticholinergic drugs, atropine (1.3, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.) and scopolamine (0.13, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, s.c.), and a quaternary anticholinergic drug, methylatropine (1.3, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.), on the drinking behavior were investigated in water non-deprived rats that were housed in a 12-hr light-dark situation (light period: 6:00-18:00) with a free access to food. Atropine, 5 mg/kg, and scopolamine, 0.13 and 0.25 mg/kg, administered at 12:00, significantly increased the drinking during the 12:00-18:00 period. Furthermore, lower to medium doses of atropine increased the drinking during the 18:00-6:00 period. In contrast, the drinking did not change during the 12:00 18:00 period, but decreased during the 18:00-6:00 period in a dose-dependent manner after administration of methylatropine at 12:00, whereas the drinking during the 18:00-24:00 period decreased in a dose-dependent manner when both the tertiary and quaternary drugs were administered at 18:00. However, the drinking during the 24:00-6:00 period increased in the rats that were administered atropine at the dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg at 18:00, while the drinking still decreased after methylatropine at the same time. The present results suggest that in water non-deprived rats, central muscarinic cholinergic blockade is effective for both increasing and decreasing drinking behavior, depending on the doses, when the drug is administered, and time span between the drug administration and the behavior observation. It is also suggested that peripheral cholinergic blockade monotonously suppresses the drinking behavior. PMID- 3210446 TI - A behavioral pharmacological study of mafoprazine, a new phenylpiperazine derivative. AB - Behavioral pharmacological studies on mafoprazine, a new drug for the prevention of aggressive behavior, were performed to compare its effects with those of an existing drug, azaperone (Stresnil). The acute toxicity of mafoprazine in mice was slightly stronger than that of azaperone. Mafoprazine showed the following effects (at 0.2 to 2.0 mg/kg, s.c.): a decrease in spontaneous motor activity, prolongation of the duration of pentobarbital anesthesia, inhibition of long-term isolation-induced aggressive behavior, inhibition of olfactory bulbectomy-induced hyperemotionality and muricide behavior in mice and rats, and a marked taming and tranquilizing effect on aggressive behavior in dogs. These effects of mafoprazine were qualitatively the same as those of azaperone. Mafoprazine showed cataleptogenicity in rats at 5 mg/kg, s.c. or more and motor incoordination in rats at 0.2 mg/kg, s.c. or more. In the experiment on operant behavior in rats, the effect of mafoprazine on differential reinforcement of the low rate (DRL) response was almost the same as those of azaperone and chlorpromazine. These results indicate that mafoprazine has substantially the same psychotropic effect as azaperone, while the former has a weaker action on the extrapyramidal system than the latter, suggesting that mafoprazine could be used as a unique aggression inhibiting drug. PMID- 3210447 TI - Antihypertensive effect of CV-4093.2HCl, a new calcium antagonist, in three rat models of hypertension. AB - The hypotensive action of CV-4093.2HCl (CV-4093), a new calcium antagonist, was studied in spontaneously hypertensive, renal hypertensive, DOCA-salt hypertensive and normotensive rats. CV-4093 (3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently decreased systolic blood pressure in the three types of hypertensive rats. At the dose of 10 mg/kg, the compound decreased the blood pressure to the normotensive level between 1 and 3 hr after it was administered; the antihypertensive effect lasted for at least 8 hr. The systolic blood pressure in normotensive rats was also decreased at 3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o., but less evidently than in the hypertensive rats. When the antihypertensive effect of CV-4093 was compared with that of seven known calcium antagonists in spontaneously hypertensive rats, it was the most potent and the most long-lasting. PMID- 3210448 TI - Suppression of spontaneous calcium spikes and contraction in isolated portal veins of mice by gingerols and chemically related compounds. AB - The suppression of spontaneous Ca2+ spikes and isometric contractions by gingerols and their chemically related compounds was examined using the single sucrose gap method. Most of the congeners tested suppressed spontaneous contraction, which was not necessarily accompanied by the suppression of Ca2+ spikes. The most potent analogues for Ca2+ spike suppression were (+/-)-[6] gingerol (0.3 mM) and (+/-)-yakuchinone-A (0.3 mM). These compounds also strongly inhibited spontaneous contraction. In contrast, (+/-)-[8]-gingerol (0.3 mM) inhibited the contraction without changing the Ca2+ spikes. These results suggest that the inhibition of spontaneous contraction induced by (+/-)-[6]-gingerol, but not by (+/-)-[8]-gingerol, is due to the Ca2+ spike suppression. PMID- 3210450 TI - Antiarrhythmic plasma concentrations of pirmenol on canine ventricular arrhythmias. AB - Using two-stage coronary ligation-, digitalis- and adrenaline-induced canine ventricular arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic effects of pirmenol were examined, and the minimum effective plasma concentration for each arrhythmia model was determined. Pirmenol suppressed all the arrhythmias, and the minimum effective plasma concentrations for arrhythmias induced by 24 hr coronary ligation, 48 hr coronary ligation, digitalis and adrenaline were 1.1 +/- 0.3 (by 3 mg/kg, i.v.), 1.1 +/- 0.3 (by 3 mg/kg, i.v.), 1.1 +/- 0.2 (by 3 mg/kg, i.v.) and 2.5 +/- 1.5 (by 3 mg/kg, i.v.) microgram/ml, respectively (mean +/- S.D.M., n = 6-7). The concentration for adrenaline-induced arrhythmia was significantly higher than those for the other types of arrhythmias. This pharmacological profile is similar to those of mexiletine, tocainide and cibenzoline. Since pirmenol had no deleterious effects on the blood pressure and sinus node activity, its clinical usefulness is expected. PMID- 3210449 TI - Characteristics of antinociception induced by noncatecholic phenylethylamine derivatives: the relation of endogenous norepinephrine to phenylethylamine analog induced antinociception. AB - Characteristics of the antinociceptive action of phenylethylamine derivatives, amphetamine, beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) and beta-hydroxyphenylethylamine (OHPEA), were examined. The pain threshold of mice was measured by using the hot plate method. Intraperitoneal administration of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine inhibited antinociception induced by PEA and OHPEA, and intracisternal administration of norepinephrine increased antinociception induced by PEA and OHPEA. Intracisternal administration of phentolamine inhibited the antinociception induced by PEA derivatives. The levels of norepinephrine and normetanephrine in the brain were determined by using HPLC. PEA derivatives decreased norepinephrine in the brain and tended to increase normetanephrine at 15 min after the administration of PEA derivatives. These findings indicate that PEA derivatives cause the release of norepinephrine in the central nervous system, and the released norepinephrine induces antinociception. PMID- 3210451 TI - Effect of buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, on the selenium-induced lethality in mice. AB - The effect of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, on the selenium induced-lethality was examined in mice. A single injection of BSO (500 mg/kg, i.p.) markedly decreased the concentration of GSH in the liver after 5 hr. The acute lethality induced by selenium was greatly increased in BSO-treated mice. In contrast, the selenium induced-lethality decreased by pre- and post-treatments of cysteine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. PMID- 3210452 TI - Inhibitory effect of cilazaprilat on norepinephrine release induced by renal nerve stimulation in anesthetized dogs. AB - In pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, the increase in the renal norepinephrine secretion rate elicited by renal nerve stimulation (1 Hz) during infusion of angiotensin I (15 ng/kg/min) was partially but significantly inhibited (by 21 37%) after dosing with cilazaprilat (0.1 mg/kg), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, accompanied by a decrease in the renal venous plasma norepinephrine concentration. These results may suggest that cilazaprilat exerts at least a part of its hypotensive effect through decreasing the facilitatory action of endogenous angiotensin II on adrenergic transmission. PMID- 3210454 TI - Tetrodotoxin sensitivity of high K+-induced 86Rb efflux in the duodenal circular muscle of pigs. AB - The 86Rb efflux by high K+ was measured simultaneously during the mechanical responses in pig duodenal circular muscle using a superfusion technique. A slightly higher K+ (17.7-23.6 mM) simultaneously induced tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitive relaxation and 86Rb efflux. Much higher K+ (47.2-143.4 mM) contracted and also increased the 86Rb efflux markedly, but the extent of TTX-sensitive efflux remained the same as the one at 17.7-23.6 mM K+, indicating that the TTX insensitive efflux was contraction-related. The former efflux may lead to hyperpolarization linked to relaxation. PMID- 3210453 TI - Hypaconitine, the dominant constituent responsible for the neuromuscular blocking action of the Japanese-sino medicine "bushi" (aconite root). AB - The neuromuscular blocking actions of several constituents extracted from Japanese-sino medicine, aconite, were compared in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscle preparations. Hypaconitine (HAT) was more potent than aconitine (ATN), mesaconitine (MAT) and deoxyaconitine. Lipohypaconitine, coryneine and lipodeoxyaconitine were less effective. Lipoaconitine, benzoylmesaconine, higenamine, kobusine and chasmanine were not effective. The blockades by HAT, ATN and MAT were not recovered by neostigmine. The mechanisms of blockade were similar to that of aconite crude extract. These results suggest that aconite action is dependent on HAT, a main constituent. PMID- 3210455 TI - Emesis induced by cancer chemotherapeutic agents in the Suncus murinus: a new experimental model. AB - Acute emetic responses to seven cancer chemotherapeutic agents (adriamycin, bleomycin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, mitomycin C) were studied in the Suncus murinus. Intravenous injection of the drugs caused vomiting with various latency. Cisplatin-induced emesis was prevented by the pretreatment with metoclopramide or chlorpromazine but not with domperidone. These results indicate that the Suncus murinus is a useful animal for testing emetic activities of cancer chemotherapeutics and antiemetic activities of prophylactic drugs. PMID- 3210456 TI - [The role of semantic attributes of the distractor word in the script type effect on the Stroop color-word interference task]. AB - According to Biederman and Tsao (1979), ideographic script yields more interference than phonetic script in Stroop color-naming task. They attributed this effect to the fundamental differences in the perceptual demands in reading these scripts. In order to examine this hypothesis two experiments using Kanji and Kana were conducted, in which the semantic relationship between the distractor word and the color was manipulated. It was expected that if the above hypothesis was correct the script type effect would not be influenced by the semantic attributes of distractor words. In experiment 1 using verbal response (subjects were 30 undergraduates), although the script type effect was not shown in any semantic relationship conditions, the influence of the meaning of distractor words on the interference score was observed (semantic category effect). In experiment 2 using manual response (subjects were 24 undergraduates), both the semantic category effect and the script type effect were observed, and the latter was found to vary as a function of semantic relationship between the distractor words and the colors. These results are interpreted as evidence indicating that the script type effect on Stroop interference takes place at the semantic processing level. PMID- 3210457 TI - [Stages of information processing and cerebral hemispheric differences in random shape recognition]. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the differences of cerebral hemisphere function with respect to the way visual pattern information is stored in the long-term memory. The shape recognition in the left and right visual fields was measured after the subjects were trained to associate the shapes with relevant verbal labels, irrelevant verbal labels, or no verbal labels. Subjects were given a shape recognition test by the visual half-field presentation and both free- and aided-recall tests for retention of associated verbal labels. Results indicated that accuracy of recognition of shapes in the left visual field was greater than in the right visual field. Pretraining condition produced a significant main effect but no differential field effect. While irrelevant verbal labeling and observation conditions recognized the stimulus with equal reaction time in either visual field, the latency of relevant verbal labeling condition was longer in right visual field than in left visual field. These results were discussed in terms of the differences of cerebral hemisphere function in each stage of information processing. PMID- 3210459 TI - [Effects of stimulus modality and task instruction upon the orienting response]. AB - The purpose of this study is to confirm that habituated orienting response (OR) is evoked when the visual and auditory stimuli are bimodally presented. In Exp. I, either visual or auditory stimulus was exposed to 20 subjects in both habituation- and test-periods. In Exp. II, the visual and auditory stimuli were exposed conversely over the habituation- (either stimulus) and the test-periods (both stimuli). A half of the 20 subjects was instructed to pedal only when the test-stimulus was presented (Experimental Group; E-G), while the other half did not receive the instruction (Control Group; C-G). Results are as follows; the amplitude of skin conductance response (SCR) to the test-stimulus was significantly larger in the E-G than the C-G in the two experiments. However, a significant increase of the SCR amplitude of the E-G to the habituation-stimulus was obtained only in the Exp. II. These tendencies indicated the occurrence of "selective" OR. In addition, the above OR to the habituation-stimulus suggested that "alertive" OR was evoked here by the presentation of stimuli in different modality. PMID- 3210458 TI - [The processing unit and story structure in memory for story]. AB - To investigate story memory, three experiments were conducted. In Experiment I, 60 professional school students were asked to sort the sentences of stories into groups. Hierarchical clustering analysis was used to generate perceived story structure. Results indicated generally a good agreement between perceived structure and the structure induced by story grammar. In Experiment II and III, 72 university students and 72 professional school students learned three stories and were tested in recognition task. In the course of presenting the sentences in story, pauses were inserted between story clusters (BP) or within them (WP) (Experiment II). In BP condition, recognition time (RT) was faster than in WP condition. In Experiment III questions were inserted at the same points as in Experiment II (BQ, WP). In BQ condition RT was faster than in BP condition. These results indicated that pause or question inserted at the boundary of story cluster facilitated story processing and that question was more effective than pause. Story was processed in unit corresponding to perceived story structure. PMID- 3210460 TI - [Adjustment processes of foreign exchange high school students in Japan]. AB - The main purpose of the present study was to excavate the adjustment problems of 93 high school exchange students in Japan. Questionnaires including Cornell Medical Index (CMI) were administered longitudinally. In addition, individual interviews were held with those who had failed to adjust to the Japanese society. As for the subjective psychosomatic symptoms manifested in CMI, there was no significant sex difference while Asians were successively found to be significantly more liable to diseases and less adjusted than non-Asians. The questionnaires other than CMI disclosed difficulties which exchange students found in adjusting at Japanese home, including delicate personal relationships with host siblings, apparent lack of affective gestures (hugs and kisses), and early curfew. In the meanwhile, language barrier and trifling rules constituted the primary difficulties they faced at host school. On account of prejudice against women, girls had more unpleasant experiences than boys. Through individual interviews, all of the early returners were found to have already had a basic problem in their home countries. PMID- 3210461 TI - [Effects of liking, interpersonal distance, and topics on nonverbal behaviors]. AB - Effects of liking, interpersonal distance, and intimacy of topics on nonverbal behaviors were investigated in a setting simulating natural interaction, using a multichannel approach, which simultaneously took account of look, eye contact, body orientation, body lean, head orientation, and utterances. Twenty four male undergraduates interacted in pairs. Their interactions were video-taped. 1. Effects of liking were found on forward body lean, smile, head orientation, eye contact, and quantity of look. 2. Effects of interpersonal distance were found on forward body lean, eye contact, and body orientation. 3. In high liking, the smaller the interpersonal distance (or the greater the immediacy in terms of interpersonal distance), the greater the immediacy defined as a composite of other behaviors, and in low liking vice versa. PMID- 3210462 TI - [Effects of task attentiveness on task-irrelevant activity and boredom in the signal detection tasks]. AB - It has been reported that subsidiary behavior, including body movements, and irrelevant thoughts occur spontaneously during a vigilance situation. These activities are called task-irrelevant activity. To examine the effects of task attentiveness on task-irrelevant activity and on the subjective feeling of boredom, 31 subjects were asked to engage in two types of signal detection tasks. The body movements were measured by recording the rotating angle of a swivel chair that the subject sat on. More task-irrelevant thoughts and subsidiary behavior occurred accompanied by higher subjective feeling of boredom in the low attentive task than in the high attentive task. These findings indicate the possibility of the task-irrelevant activity as an index of subjective boredom. PMID- 3210463 TI - [Development of delay of gratification in preschool children]. AB - Developmental changes in delay-choice behavior and delay-maintenance behavior were investigated in situations, in which the difference in value between immediate reward and delayed reward was set small (S situation) and large (L situation). Ninety kindergarteners aged four, five and six were assigned to either one of the two situations. (1) In S situation, the choice of immediate reward was dominant in all age groups. (2) In L situation, the choice of delayed reward was dominant in all age groups. (3) In S situation, 6-year olds maintained longer delay than 4- and 5-year olds. (4) The delay time of 4- and 5-year olds in L situation was longer than that in S situation and was not significantly different from that of 6-year olds in L situation. PMID- 3210464 TI - [Visual behavior in conversational dyads: comparison between total eye contact measure and localized gaze pattern measure associated with turn of talk]. AB - The present paper investigated visual interaction in conversational dyads by using a larger range of gaze pattern measures associated with conversation than the total eye contact measure. Specifically, it aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the localized gaze pattern measure, which was scored for each subject by summing up gaze patterns for 3 s immediately prior to and following the end of the interviewer's utterance over three occasions. Twenty female students were interviewed by one male student for about 10 min. The interview topics were "fashion" for the first 5 min and "sex" for the remaining 5 min. (1) The frequency of a subject's gaze and eye contact was significantly greater in the "fashion" topic than in the "sex" topic, but the total amount and average length of both measures were not significantly different between the topics. (2) Immediately after the end of the interviewer's utterance subjects' gaze decreased, with significantly lesser localized gaze in the "sex" topic than in the "fashion" topic. It could thus be said that the localized gaze measure was more sensitive than the total eye contact measure. PMID- 3210465 TI - [A case of traumatic heart and lung hernia]. PMID- 3210466 TI - [A successful surgical treatment of acute mitral regurgitation due to cuspal perforation diagnosed by echocardiography]. PMID- 3210467 TI - [A clinical investigation of pulmonary valve replacement in tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 3210468 TI - [Surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms--14 years' experience]. PMID- 3210469 TI - [Tracheobronchoplasty combined with esophagectomy in the treatment of thoracic esophageal cancer]. PMID- 3210470 TI - [A huge aneurysm of the left main coronary artery trunk in Behcet's disease]. PMID- 3210471 TI - [Tricuspid valvular regurgitation due to infective endocarditis with ventricular septal defect]. PMID- 3210472 TI - [A case of successful surgical treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm ruptured to the right thorax]. PMID- 3210473 TI - [Follow-up study of 11 years after the arterial switching operation in transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum]. PMID- 3210474 TI - Characteristics of tetrocarcin-A compared with other anti-piroplasmotic drugs. PMID- 3210475 TI - A chicken model of systemic infection with Chlamydia psittaci: comparison of the virulence among avian and mammalian strains. PMID- 3210476 TI - Establishment and in vitro differentiation of a chicken monocytic leukemia cell line. PMID- 3210477 TI - Plasma estrone, estradiol-17 beta, and progesterone levels during late pregnancy and parturition in dairy cattle. PMID- 3210479 TI - A preliminary study for development of an inactivated Chuzan virus vaccine. PMID- 3210478 TI - Histopathologic observations on galactose-induced cataract in rats. PMID- 3210480 TI - Experimental infection of Getah virus in swine. PMID- 3210481 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter laridis from cats, dogs, pigs, and seagulls. PMID- 3210482 TI - Electrophoretic protein patterns in Campylobacter species with special reference to Campylobacter mucosalis and Campylobacter hyointestinalis. PMID- 3210483 TI - The ultimobranchial remnant and its hyperplasia or adenoma in equine thyroid gland. PMID- 3210484 TI - Clinical effects after heartworm removal from pulmonary arteries using flexible alligator forceps in dogs with common dirofilariasis. PMID- 3210485 TI - Changes in cardiopulmonary values after heartworm removal from pulmonary artery using flexible alligator forceps. PMID- 3210487 TI - Preparation of antibodies recognizing the new group antigens of feline red blood cell. PMID- 3210486 TI - Efficacy of heartworm removal in dogs with dirofilarial hemoglobinuria using flexible alligator forceps. PMID- 3210488 TI - Some physiochemical properties of serum and tissue alkaline phosphatases from normal and several disease-model dogs. PMID- 3210489 TI - Biochemical characteristics of Chuzan virus, a new serotype of Palyam serogroup. PMID- 3210490 TI - Susceptibility of fecal anaerobic bacteria from pigs and chickens to five polyether antibiotics for growth promotion. PMID- 3210491 TI - Pharmacological characteristics of the smooth muscle of retractor phalli cranialis isolated from cock. PMID- 3210492 TI - Plaque formation and replication of porcine parvovirus in embryonic swine kidney cell line, ESK cells. PMID- 3210494 TI - Mast cell associated-immune resistance against ticks. PMID- 3210493 TI - Canine and feline lymphoid and myeloid tumors encountered in Tokyo. PMID- 3210495 TI - Morphogenesis of longitudinal folds situated on the floor of the reticular groove. PMID- 3210496 TI - Comparative adhesion of protein A-positive and protein A-negative strains of porcine Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus to Vero cells. PMID- 3210498 TI - [The Board of Registration suggests the expansion of the field of work of the midwifery profession]. PMID- 3210497 TI - A method for isolation of the ruminoreticulum in the cow. PMID- 3210499 TI - [How the delivery is experienced by mothers and by fathers attending the delivery]. PMID- 3210500 TI - [Current care for newborn infants]. PMID- 3210501 TI - [Kangaroo care]. PMID- 3210502 TI - [Initial information given to the family when a child is born disabled or is stillborn]. PMID- 3210503 TI - [The first comprehensive manual for maternity care]. PMID- 3210504 TI - [Does Finland want more children?]. PMID- 3210505 TI - [Social and individual sequelae of the decrease in family size]. PMID- 3210506 TI - [Zone therapy at the time of delivery]. PMID- 3210507 TI - [Sauna and pregnancy]. PMID- 3210508 TI - [Fasting during childbirth]. PMID- 3210509 TI - [Rights and responsibility]. PMID- 3210510 TI - [Does Finland want more children? A seminar]. PMID- 3210511 TI - [Bactericidal effect of Tween 80 on mycobacteria]. PMID- 3210512 TI - [A case of isoniazid-induced systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3210513 TI - [Prevention of development of intractable tuberculosis]. PMID- 3210515 TI - Unity: the prevailing wind. A profession on the move. PMID- 3210514 TI - Development of a model of health-promotion among adolescents. PMID- 3210516 TI - Comparison and predictors of job satisfaction of Kansas nurses among varied work settings. PMID- 3210517 TI - [Appearance of pathologic diastolic impedance wave during exercise test as a sign of physical exertion intolerance in patients in the early period of myocardial infarction]. AB - A review of the results of bicycle ergometry under continuous electrocardiographic monitoring and chest rheograms in 316 males of able age, including 115 patients with early myocardial infarction, demonstrated that inadequate hemodynamic support (transitory heart failure), emerging during exercise in 45.2% of patients with early myocardial infarction, was reflected in considerably increased diastolic wave amplitude. Since some of the patients exhibited no electrocardiographic ischemic changes at testing, the emergence of an abnormal diastolic impedance wave may serve as an objective indicator of stress intolerance. PMID- 3210519 TI - [Use of pulsed Doppler cardiography for the evaluation of the parameters of central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - A study of 150 individuals, including the controls (group 1), coronary patients without postinfarction cardiosclerosis (group 2) and coronary patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis (group 3) is reported. A high correlation has been demonstrated between the stroke volume (SV) data, obtained at Doppler cardiography of the ascending aortic flow and echocardiography for groups 1 and 2, and between SV data, obtained by Doppler echocardiography and thermodilution for group 3. The assessment of myocardial contractility is also possible on the basis of ascending aortic flow, as evidenced by good correlation between the myocardial fibre circular shortening rate (Vcf) and the peak flow rate/ejection time ratio, and between Vcf and the peak flow rate/increment time ratio. PMID- 3210518 TI - [A new principle of precordial mapping and its value in the assessment of the size and development of the infarction focus]. PMID- 3210520 TI - [The role of abnormally located chordae in the origin of accidental heart murmurs in children]. AB - A study of 55 children with accidental systolic and diastolic heart murmurs demonstrated that abnormal chorda position (ACP), detected at echocardiography in various heart cavities, was the principal contributing factor. The relationship between the intensity and other parameters of systolic murmurs and abnormal chorda topography is discussed. Abnormal position of the chordae was not associated with any deviations from basic morphometric characteristics of the heart and should therefore be regarded as a normal variant. PMID- 3210521 TI - [Computerized two-dimensional echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction. Possibility of determining the size of necrotic focus]. AB - Myocardial asynergic area was estimated, using a new special mathematical model based on computerized assessment of echocardiographic images, in 42 patients with first acute transmural myocardial infarction. The results were compared with those of other standard methods used for the estimation of the size of damage, and with morphologic findings in 7 fatal cases. The latter comparison demonstrated that the special estimate of asynergic area, unlike the planimetric method, used earlier, showed a high correspondence to the actual size of damage. The comparison of echocardiographic data to those obtained by other techniques showed a significant correlation with the results of serial MB CFK assays and myocardial 201Tl scintigraphy. PMID- 3210522 TI - [Total and segmental left-ventricular myocardial function in patients with post infarction heart aneurysm]. AB - A study of total and segmental myocardial hemodynamics and contractility has demonstrated a close relationship between segmental disorders and the type and site of postinfarction left-ventricular aneurysms. A direct close correlation was established between total and segmental hemodynamic disorders, excepting the left ventricular aneurysm area. A close correlation was also demonstrated between myocardial contractility and ejection fraction parameters in three left ventricular segments. Standardized trisegmental hemodynamic and contractility analysis is shown to reflect left-ventricular myocardial condition in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and aneurysms of the heart. PMID- 3210523 TI - [Comparison of the results of provocation electrocardiographic tests with the questionnaire for detection of exertion-induced stenocardia (data of the epidemiological study)]. AB - The results of a combination of functional electrocardiographic tests were compared with those of a WHO questionnaire for angina of effort. Coronary disease was verified in 37% of patients with a double diagnosis of angina of effort, and in 100% of cases of angina of effort combined with ischemic electrocardiographic changes. PMID- 3210524 TI - [A method of quantitative evaluation of left-ventricular functional reserve in patients with heart aneurysm]. AB - Twenty-four patients with postinfarction aneurysms of the heart and 9 patients with chest pains were investigated in order to assess the value of left ventricular reserve parameters, proposed by the authors, i. e. the ratio between the percentage of change in ejection time and diastolic elasticity in the course of isometric stress and the increment at arterial blood pressure test. These parameters are shown to be more valuable for the assessment of left-ventricular function, as compared to conventional ventriculographic and intraventricular pressure parameters, measured at rest. The changes in ejection fraction and diastolic elasticity at isometric stress are a fairly reliable signal that the resection of heart aneurysm may be contraindicated. PMID- 3210525 TI - [Prospects for the development of clinical electrocardiology]. PMID- 3210526 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital bicuspid aortic valve in a polyclinic]. PMID- 3210527 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus]. PMID- 3210528 TI - [Correlations between ECG changes during exercise test and the degree of left ventricular end diastolic pressure during ventriculography]. PMID- 3210529 TI - [Relation between hemodynamic reactions to corinfar and the status of peripheral circulation in middle-aged and elderly patients with ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure]. PMID- 3210530 TI - [Study of possible use of the dipyridamole test and calculation of the myocardial ischemic index for non-invasive evaluation of the condition of the coronary bed]. PMID- 3210531 TI - [Value of the first ECG derivative for the evaluation of temporary indicators of the ventricular repolarization period]. PMID- 3210532 TI - [Use of Holter/monitoring in sports medicine]. PMID- 3210533 TI - [A table for determining systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery by an indirect method]. PMID- 3210534 TI - [Methodologic problems in the use of dynamic magnetic mapping of the heart]. AB - Dynamic magnetic maps have been constructed with the help of a magnetocardiograph, based on a superconductive quantum interferometric transducer, for 19 normal subjects, 12 patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis, 5 patients with ventricular extrasystoles, and 1 patient with left-ventricular hypertrophy. A correlation between general patterns and ventricular depolarization phases of normal subjects' maps was demonstrated, using a biophysical myocardial excitation wave model as an even layer of current dipoles. Methods are proposed for the localization of ectopic pacemaker, postinfarction scars and hypertrophic myocardial areas within the same model. PMID- 3210535 TI - [Possibilities of further improvement in rheographic methods of examination in cardiology]. PMID- 3210536 TI - Effect of fasting on lysosomes in kidney cortex of glomerulonephritic rats. AB - The effect of food restriction (FR) on the kidney cortex lysosomes prepared by rate and isopycnic zonal centrifugation was studied in rats with passive Heymann glomerulonephritis (PHN). FR reduced the renal mass by 41%, but the capacity for handling of labelled endocytosed proteins by the lysosomes was not different from fed PHN rats. While PHN with heavy proteinuria increased the recovery of lysosomal enzymes in the large lysosomes located in the proximal tubule, no changes were observed in FR-PHN rats in spite of significant proteinuria. The density of the small lysosomes was significantly shifted/reduced (from 1,200 and 1,235 g/ml to 1,185 and 1,225 g/ml, respectively) in both fed and FR-PHN rats, suggesting that the handling of extra loads of protein may enhance the absorptive function of small lysosomes found in the lower part of the nephron. FR reduced the mechanical fragility of lysosomes in the kidney cortex of PHN-rats. The highly increased urinary excretion of lysosomal enzymes in fed PHN rats was not observed in FR-PHN rats. As a conclusion, FR reduces both the fragility of lysosomes and the proportion of digestive enzymes in fragile lysosomes. These lysosomal enzymes may be of pathogenic importance in PHN causing cell damage when liberated from disrupted lysosomes. PMID- 3210537 TI - Verapamil reverses PTH- or CRF-induced abnormal fatty acid oxidation in muscle. AB - Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with impaired long chain fatty acids (LCFA) oxidation by skeletal muscle mitochondria. This is due to reduced activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT). These derangements were attributed to the secondary hyperparathyroidism of CRF, since prior parathyroidectomy in CRF rats reversed these abnormalities and PTH administration to normal rats reproduced them. It was proposed that these effects of PTH are mediated by its ionophoric property leading to increased entry of calcium into skeletal muscle. A calcium channel blocker may, therefore, correct these derangements. The present study examined the effects of verapamil on LCFA oxidation, CPT activity by skeletal muscle mitochondria, and 45Ca uptake by skeletal muscle obtained from CRF rats and normal animals treated with PTH with and without verapamil. Both four days of PTH administration and 21 days of CRF produced significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in LCFA oxidation and CPT activity of skeletal muscle mitochondria, and significant (P less than 0.01) increment in 45Ca uptake by skeletal muscle. Simultaneous treatment with verapamil corrected all these derangements. Administration of verapamil alone to normal rats did not cause a significant change in any of these parameters. The data are consistent with the proposition that the alterations in LCFA in CRF or after PTH treatment are related to the ionophoric action of the hormone and could be reversed by a calcium channel blocker. PMID- 3210538 TI - Nonimmunological alterations of glomerular filtration by s-PAF in the rat kidney. AB - Rat kidneys were isolated and perfused with a cell-free perfusion buffer containing 4% albumin. Infusion of platelet activating factor (s-PAF) into the isolated perfused kidney caused a dose-dependent fall in renal vascular resistance (RVR): 12 +/- 6% at 10 nM s-PAF, 18 +/- 3% at 100 nM s-PAF and 20 +/- 7% at 1 microM s-PAF. Glomerular filtration rate fell by 32 +/- 5% at 10 nM, 38 +/- 6% at 100 nM, and 52 +/- 10% at 1 microM. s-PAF (50 nM) increased urinary protein excretion after 20 minutes. Because GFR fell to a greater extent than RVR, possible changes in glomerular permeability after s-PAF treatment were assessed morphologically using native ferritin. After s-PAF treatment (100 nM), the number of ferritin particles/micron2 increased from 1.2 +/- 0.9 (control) to 795 +/- 69 in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and from 0.2 +/- 0.06 (control) to 98 +/- 29 in lamina rara externa (LRE). To quantitate changes in fixed anionic charges, polyethylenimine (PEI) was quantitated morphologically in GBM. No significant change between s-PAF treated and untreated kidneys was seen. s-PAF did not alter the sialoglycoprotein pattern in the perfused kidney as assessed by lysozyme staining. These results are in contrast to findings with s PAF in vivo where in addition to increased glomerular permeability, a reduction of fixed anionic charges is seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210540 TI - Acidosis and hypoxic medullary injury in the isolated perfused kidney. AB - The effects of acidosis on renal function and morphology were examined in the isolated perfused rat kidney (IPK). Kidneys were perfused with oxygenated Krebs Henseleit-albumin medium for 60 minutes at pH 7.4 or pH 7.0. At the lower pH, GFR was reduced by 25%, TRNa by 32% and oxygen consumption by 41% as compared to perfusion at pH 7.4 (all P less than 0.05). In addition, the usual hypoxic injury observed in the medullary thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle (TAL) in the IPK at pH 7.4 (consisting of nuclear pyknosis and focal fragmentation necrosis) was reduced by acidosis from 62% to 14% of tubules involved (P less than 0.005). This cytoprotection was not the result of improved oxygenation since O2 delivery was actually slighty reduced at pH 7.0 compared to pH 7.4. Furthermore, acidosis was protective even after perfusion with non-oxygenated media (42% tubules damaged at pH 7.0 vs. 95% of tubules damaged at pH 7.4; P less than 0.01), making it very unlikely that the effect of acidosis is to improve TAL oxygenation. Since previous studies indicate that the TAL lesion is transport dependent and prevented in the non-filtering kidney, it was possible that the decrease in GFR associated with acidosis could account for decreased injury. The GFR was manipulated by alterations in perfusion pressure or albumin concentration, and no consistent relationship between the extent of injury and GFR could be shown at either pH over a wide range of GFR values. Therefore, acidosis protected the TAL from hypoxic injury by a mechanism apparently independent of oxygen or solute delivery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210539 TI - Effects of histamine and its receptor antagonists on peritoneal permeability. AB - Peritoneal fluid and mass transfer rates were studied in rabbits undergoing control dialyses and dialyses with intraperitoneal histamine, or its receptor antagonists alone or in combination. These drugs had negligible effects on peritoneal ultrafiltration and small solute clearances. Histamine raised protein exudation from 1.6 to 2.9 mg/kg/min, an effect blocked by its antagonists which given alone did not lower protein loss. These data demonstrate the existence of histamine receptors in the peritoneal diffusion barrier and show that they do not control transport under baseline conditions, but can be blocked should abnormal histamine release occur. Increased peritoneal permeability with sterile peritonitis was unaffected by ranitidine, suggesting alternative mediators. PMID- 3210541 TI - Fatty acid oxidation in the myocardium: effects of parathyroid hormone and CRF. AB - Fatty acids constitute an important substrate utilized by the myocardium as a major fuel for energy production; certain data suggest that oxidation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) may be impaired in uremia, and such a derangement could, in part, contribute to the myocardiopathy of uremia. The latter is associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism and PTH has been shown to affect myocardial metabolism. The present study evaluated in rats the effects of four days administration of PTH and 21 days of chronic renal failure (CRF) with and without excess PTH on oxidation of alpha-ketoglutarate, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, LCFA and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). PTH impaired oxidation of alpha ketoglutarate, LCFA, SCFA, but not of beta-hydroxybutyric acid and reduced the activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT). Inactivation of the PTH abolished its effects. CRF rats with intact parathyroid glands also had impaired oxidation of LCFA and CTP activity. Carnitine contents of myocardium were not altered. The data show that PTH excess in normal rats is associated with impaired oxidation of LCFA and SCFA, and secondary hyperparathyroidism in CRF animals impairs oxidation of LCFA. This effect is due to: 1) reduction in the activity of CPT, a key enzyme for the transport of LCFA to mitochondrial matrix for beta oxidation; and 2) impairment in beta-oxidation. The data provide for new and additional pathway through which excess PTH and CRF can affect myocardial metabolism. PMID- 3210542 TI - Deferoxamine and coated charcoal hemoperfusion to remove aluminum in dialysis patients. AB - We studied the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of aluminum (Al) removal by coated charcoal hemoperfusion (HP) in combination with intravenous deferoxamine (DFO). DFO enhanced the clearance of Al by HP in vitro after 180 minutes of perfusion with a solution containing 403.3 +/- 14.0 ng/ml of Al at 150 ml/min. The Al clearance was 139 +/- 1.0 ml/min with DFO and 49 +/- 10.0 ml/min (P less than 0.001) without DFO. Addition of DFO enhanced in vitro Al removal from 5.5 +/ 0.9 mg to 10.0 +/- 1.2 mg (P less than 0.05). During our in vivo studies, an HP device was in series in the dialysis circuit after a Cuprophan hemodialyzer. Eight patients with Al toxicity were studied on twelve occasions. Patients received DFO (40 mg/kg) 40 hours before the study. The total Al clearance with the combined hemodialysis (HD) and HP devices was higher than that obtained by the dialyzer alone at 30 minutes (62 +/- 4.9 ml/min vs. 25 +/- 2.5 ml/min, P less than 0.02) and after 180 to 210 minutes (32 +/- 3.0 ml/min vs. 19 +/- 2.9 ml/min, P less than 0.02). After 120 minutes the Al clearance by the HP device alone was significantly lower than the initial Al clearance by HP. Combined HD plus HP removed 2.9 +/- 0.4 mg of Al, whereas the total removal of Al by HD alone was 1.5 +/- 0.3 mg (P less than 0.01). PMID- 3210543 TI - The renal functional reserve in health and renal disease in school age children. AB - The capacity to increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in response to stimuli is a characteristic of the healthy kidney. To establish normal limits of this functional reserve is of clinical relevance because its loss may be the earliest indication of renal damage. For this purpose we have used a method applicable in clinical practice: one-hour clearances of creatinine (CCr) done under water diuresis, before (unstimulated) and two hours after (stimulated) a test meat meal, taking a single postmeal blood sample. Urine collection was done by voluntary voiding under direct supervision. In studies done in 14 control subjects, inulin clearance (CIn)/CCr ratios were (mean +/- SEM) 1.04 +/- 0.05 and 0.96 +/- 0.03, in unstimulated and stimulated clearances, respectively. In studies repeated at three to nine week intervals, we found a variation coefficient (mean +/- SEM) of 24.5 +/- 3.11% and 9.25 +/- 1.43% (P less than 0.001) for the unstimulated and stimulated CCr, respectively. The corresponding values for CIn were 19.3 +/- 2.36% and 9.17 +/- 1.19% (P less than 0.001), suggesting that stimulated GFR values are more stable. Unstimulated and stimulated GFR and renal functional reserve (stimulated CCr - unstimulated CCr) were studied in 260 school aged children, ages 6 to 16 years (140 boys and 120 girls). The distribution of the renal functional reserve was approximately Gaussian but the distribution of the urinary creatinine excretion, unstimulated and stimulated GFR had considerable positive skewness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210544 TI - Causes, kinetics and clinical implications of post-hemodialysis urea rebound. AB - The rapid increase in end-dialysis urea concentration (Co) immediately after the end of dialysis (HD), which greatly exceeds that expected as an effect of urea generation and defined as "net rebound," was assessed in 21 chronic HD patients. The curve of serial values of net rebound correlated (r = 0.70) with the theoretical curve predicted by the two pool urea kinetics model (UKM). A mean equilibrium concentration (Ce) was achieved in 48 minutes, with a 7.58% increase in Co. Stabilized rebound (Re) was compared after four different HD procedures, and significant correlations were found between the magnitude of Re and the indexes of HD efficiency, dialyzer clearance (r = 0.75) and Kt/V (r = 0.68). The highest values of Re (8.6% and 8.8%) were observed after the procedures with largest urea removal, irrespective of the biocompatibility conditions (new or reused dialyzers). The single pool UKM applied with the stabilized end-HD urea concentration Ce instead of Co resulted in more physiological values of urea distribution volume (56.1% vs. 50.5% of body wt) and in lower values of Kt/V (0.64 vs. 0.73, P less than 0.001) and protein catabolic rate (1.07 vs. 1.17 g/kg/day, P less than 0.001). A reequilibration process, rather than protein hypercatabolism, seems to be responsible for most rebound, the magnitude of which correlated with the efficiency of the procedure. Only by considering Ce as the true end-HD urea concentration it is possible to minimize the errors arising from the application of a single pool analysis to a two pool system. PMID- 3210546 TI - Oral calcitriol and calcium: efficient therapy for uremic hyperparathyroidism. AB - Therapy with orally administered calcitriol often does not adequately control the biochemical manifestations of secondary hyperparathyroidism in uremic patients. This may be due to inadequate serum concentrations of 1.25(OH)2 vitamin D and/or to insufficient dietary calcium supplementation. In the present study, therefore, we examined the effect on parathyroid function of calcitriol and calcium carbonate, administered orally, in doses sufficient to normalize the serum 1.25(OH)2 vitamin D and calcium concentrations. After nine months of combined therapy, marked suppression of immunoreactive PTH occurred in the absence of hypercalcemia. Furthermore, prolonged therapy resulted in additional suppression of the PTH concentrations comparable in magnitude to that reported following intravenous calcitriol therapy and was associated with a mild degree of hypercalcemia similar to that which occurs with intravenous therapy. Euparathyroidism was achieved in 25% of the patients by 15 months of treatment. In conclusion, secondary hyperparathyroidism can be effectively controlled with combined oral therapy without significant hypercalcemia in selected patients with end-stage renal failure. This salutary effect may result from direct actions of 1.25(OH)2D on the parathyroid gland and/or gastrointestinal tract, or from an overall action of combined treatment to restore calcium homeostasis. PMID- 3210545 TI - Serial assessment of glomerular filtration rate in lupus nephropathy. AB - In patients with lupus nephropathy (LN), previous studies have shown that creatinine clearance (CCr) overestimates true glomerular filtration rate as measured by inulin clearance (CIn), and that among patients the degree of overestimation is highly variable. We sought to determine whether the discrepancy between CCr and CIn remains constant over time (months, years) in each individual patient, and therefore whether serial measurements of CCr reliably reflect the direction and magnitude of change in CIn. Twenty-five patients with LN underwent simultaneous determinations of CCr and CIn performed two to four (mean 3.3) times over three years. In a given patient, it was found that the ratio of CCr/CIn changed substantially over time (mean SD 0.16 with 95% confidence interval of 0.12 to 0.20). Thus, in about 32% of cases the ratio of CCr/CIn will vary more than +/- 16% from a previously measured value of CCr/CIn. Patients with both high and low values of CIn showed similar variability in CCR/CIn over time. Variability in CCr/CIn was found regardless of whether CIn was increasing, decreasing, or constant over time. In nearly one-half of all measurements of CCr, the corresponding change in CIn was directionally discordant. Iothalamate and technetium-DTPA renal clearances correlated highly with CIn (R2 = 0.99). We conclude that the discrepancy between CCr and CIn can vary greatly over time in an individual patient. Consequently, serial CCr does not accurately measure the direction or magnitude of change in glomerular filtration rate in lupus nephropathy. PMID- 3210548 TI - [Acupuncture and the prone position--reflections on letters from readers]. PMID- 3210549 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of paralysis of the brachial plexus caused by birth injuries]. PMID- 3210547 TI - Progression of chronic renal failure is related to glucocorticoid production. AB - Progression of chronic renal failure during 35 treatment periods in 27 patients was measured as the rate of change of bimonthly radioisotope GFR for an average of 15 months. Treatments were comprised of: (1) mild protein restriction; (2) more severe protein and phosphorus restriction plus essential amino acids; or (3) the same diet plus ketoacids. Progression was significantly (P less than 0.025) correlated with urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion in all three treatment groups; overall r was 0.78 (P less than 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the following factors were not additional significant determinants of progression: urea N excretion, phosphate excretion, protein excretion, serum calcium times phosphorus product, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum uric acid, serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, etiology, mean arterial pressure, or enalapril treatment. However, when urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion was factored by GFR (with which it was correlated), additional significant regressors appeared: serum triglycerides and polycystic kidney disease, which tended to be associated with more rapid progression, and ketoacid treatment, which tended to be associated with slower progression. Mean 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion differed significantly between the three treatment groups, in the order (1) greater than (2) greater than (3) (though not when factored by GFR). Changing from essential amino acids to ketoacids (or vice versa) without change in diet was associated with lower 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion on ketoacids (but not when factored by GFR).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210550 TI - [Epidemic occurrence of pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children]. PMID- 3210551 TI - [Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in the child--an up to now too little appreciated irreparable damage of a sense organ]. PMID- 3210552 TI - [Acute nonlymphatic leukemias in childhood--results of a retrospective study in East Germany 1970 to 1980]. PMID- 3210553 TI - [Initial results of a preventive iodine program in East Germany--incidence of goiter and the iodine supply in children before and after the preventive use of iodine]. PMID- 3210554 TI - [Preliminary publication of an educational program for the specialist in pediatrics--confirmed by the Minister of Public Health]. PMID- 3210555 TI - The relationship between the development of toxicity and lipid peroxidation induced by chromium compounds in rats. PMID- 3210556 TI - 1H-NMR studies of calmodulin: various divalent cation-induced conformational changes. PMID- 3210557 TI - [A method for isolation of human monocytes]. PMID- 3210558 TI - [HLA-haplotype-independent inheritance of monocyte-specific antigen]. PMID- 3210559 TI - [The role of open biopsy in the diagnosis of disseminated lung lesions]. PMID- 3210560 TI - [Pulmonary ventilation before surgery and the prognosis of pulmonary complications after cholecystectomy in elderly patients with concomitant cardiovascular pathology]. PMID- 3210561 TI - [Radionuclide functional assessment of the heart ventricles in the immediate period after the surgical correction of the mitral valve]. PMID- 3210562 TI - [Prevention of hemodynamic and infectious complications in endovascular occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus]. PMID- 3210563 TI - [The development of myocardial failure after subtotal pericardectomy]. PMID- 3210564 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of cicatricial strictures of the bile ducts]. PMID- 3210565 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute suppurative metapneumonic pleurisy]. PMID- 3210566 TI - [Evaluation of diagnostic methods for studying mediastinal tumors and cysts]. PMID- 3210567 TI - [Heliox correction of the changes in hemodynamics and gas exchange in the early period after lung resection]. PMID- 3210568 TI - [Prevention of blood coagulation disorders during operations on the organs of the chest cavity]. PMID- 3210569 TI - [Treatment results in patients with patent ductus arteriosus and high pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3210570 TI - [Cardioplegia with cooled blood and the addition of potassium ions during the correction of acquired heart defects under artificial circulation]. PMID- 3210571 TI - [Gunshot wounds of the chest in peacetime]. PMID- 3210572 TI - [Surgical procedures in penetrating wounds of the neck]. PMID- 3210573 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of thoraco-abdominal wounds]. PMID- 3210574 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of complications of endocardiac electrocardiostimulation]. PMID- 3210575 TI - [2-stage electrocardiostimulation at a provincial clinical hospital]. PMID- 3210576 TI - [Surgical treatment of perforation of a cicatricially-stenosed esophagus during bougienage]. PMID- 3210577 TI - [Shalimov's operation in sliding hernia of the esophageal hiatus]. PMID- 3210579 TI - [Surgical treatment of combined cicatricial stenoses of the pharynx, esophagus and stomach following chemical burns]. PMID- 3210578 TI - [Tietze's syndrome]. PMID- 3210580 TI - [Characteristics of the course of the postoperative period in patients with disseminated forms of tuberculosis and nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 3210582 TI - [Independent student work at surgery departments]. PMID- 3210581 TI - [Expanded volume of surgical care under outpatient polyclinical conditions]. PMID- 3210583 TI - [Severe complication of diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 3210584 TI - [Strangulation of the abdominal cavity organs in diaphragmatic hernia combined with gastric torsion]. PMID- 3210585 TI - [Complication of electrocardiostimulation in a pregnant woman]. PMID- 3210586 TI - [A case of esophageal perforation during fiber gastroscopy]. PMID- 3210587 TI - [A rare source of hemorrhage in closed chest trauma]. PMID- 3210588 TI - [Lung resection of isolated pseudotumorous amyloidosis]. PMID- 3210589 TI - [Complication of pulmonary echinococcosis by profuse hemorrhage]. PMID- 3210590 TI - [A rare case of a pulmonary echinococcal cyst emptying into the bronchus]. PMID- 3210591 TI - [Hernia of the lumbocostal triangle of the diaphragm]. PMID- 3210593 TI - [Strangulated left-sided diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 3210592 TI - [An unusual mechanism of diaphragmatic hernia strangulation]. PMID- 3210594 TI - [Simultaneous operations in multiple combined pathology of the abdominal cavity organs]. PMID- 3210596 TI - [Successful treatment of a gunshot wound of the heart at a central district hospital]. PMID- 3210595 TI - [Aneurysm of the right ventricle in a patient with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3210597 TI - [Stenosing peptic reflux esophagitis as a consequence of a congenital brachyesophagus in a female patient with complete absence of the pericardium]. PMID- 3210598 TI - [Endoscopic intubation of an esophageo-pleural fistula]. PMID- 3210599 TI - [A large leiomyoma of the esophagogastric junction]. PMID- 3210600 TI - [Traumatic rupture of an artificial esophagus]. PMID- 3210601 TI - [A method for the extracapsular removal of a pulmonary tuberculoma]. PMID- 3210602 TI - [A method of draining the pleural cavity]. PMID- 3210603 TI - [Topographic anatomical characteristics of the surgical approach to the second section of the posterior intercostal arteries]. PMID- 3210604 TI - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of lung contusion in closed chest trauma]. PMID- 3210605 TI - [The surgeon's procedures in acute suppurative mediastinitis]. PMID- 3210606 TI - [Complications in the combination treatment of cancer of the proximal portion of the stomach]. PMID- 3210607 TI - [Cryosurgical methods in the treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3210608 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of an inflammatory pseudotumor of the stomach]. PMID- 3210609 TI - [Chronic invagination of the sigmoid into the rectum]. PMID- 3210610 TI - [Acute intestinal obstruction caused by a polyp of the cecum]. PMID- 3210611 TI - [Actinomycosis of the liver]. PMID- 3210612 TI - [A combination of an accessory large intestine and teratoid cysts of the intrapelvic tissue]. PMID- 3210613 TI - [Actinomycosis of the greater omentum]. PMID- 3210615 TI - [Organ-sparing resection of the rectum in cancer]. PMID- 3210614 TI - [Perforation by a fish bone of a Meckel's diverticulum affected by a carcinoid]. PMID- 3210616 TI - [A giant lipoma of the spermatic cord]. PMID- 3210617 TI - [A method of treating benign neoplasms of the distal parts of the rectum]. PMID- 3210618 TI - [Endocrinopathy as a factor of surgical risk in proctology]. PMID- 3210619 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients operated on for acute adhesion ileus]. PMID- 3210620 TI - [Clinical aspects of the edematous form of cancer of the breast]. PMID- 3210621 TI - [Surgical tactics in complicated forms of cancer of the colon]. PMID- 3210622 TI - [Chronic nonspecific mastitis simulating cancer of the breast]. PMID- 3210623 TI - [Immunologic indices in patients with cancer of the breast following surgical treatment]. PMID- 3210624 TI - [Lobectomy with wedge resection of the bronchus in surgical and combination treatment of cancer of the lung]. PMID- 3210625 TI - [Thyrotoxicosis and cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 3210626 TI - [Cancer of the stomach in patients over 70 years of age]. PMID- 3210627 TI - [Diagnosis of cancer of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal zone accompanied by jaundice]. PMID- 3210628 TI - [Metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in patients with cancer of the esophagus]. PMID- 3210629 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic tactics in cancerous lesions of the thymus in patients with myasthenia]. PMID- 3210630 TI - [Polypous cholesterosis of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3210631 TI - [Replantation of an extremity after a prolonged period of anoxia]. PMID- 3210633 TI - [Principles of choosing the surgical approach]. PMID- 3210632 TI - [Surgery of recurring duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 3210634 TI - [Treatment of subcompensated and decompensated stenosis of the pyloroduodenal region]. PMID- 3210635 TI - [Prognostic significance of lymphocytic infiltration in malignant melanoma of the choroid]. AB - Lymphocytic infiltration of melanomas represents an immunological response of the organism to the tumor. In order to establish the prognostic significance of this parameter, 369 cases of malignant choroidal melanoma were investigated in the study reported here with respect to the degree of infiltration. The relationship to survival time and other histopathological parameters was examined by means of the mortality tabulation method. The 84.5% five-year survival rate among patients with melanomas exhibiting intense infiltration was significantly higher than the 70.9% rate among patients with tumors showing little infiltration. This study statistically confirms current conjecture that the degree of lymphocytic infiltration, already proven to be prognostically significant in cutaneous melanoma, is also prognostically significant in choroidal melanoma. No correlations to other histopathological parameters could be demonstrated. PMID- 3210636 TI - [Treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema]. AB - Treatment of diabetic macular edema was discussed in the first report of the Early Treatment Diabetic Research Study in 1985. Since then, patients treated at Innsbruck University Eye Clinic have been given grid-pattern argon laser therapy. Between February 1986 and April 1987, 106 eyes of 82 patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema underwent argon blue-green coagulation at the center of the fundus, excluding the foveal avascular zone. Four weeks after laser treatment, visual acuity was improved in 76 eyes, unchanged in 36, and had deteriorated in two patients. Thirty-eight eyes were retreated one to three times for reduction of visual acuity. PMID- 3210637 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the conjunctiva of Cynomolgus monkeys following pilocarpine administration?]. AB - After a slow-release pilocarpine carrier had been applied for three months, the conjunctival epithelium of two Cynomolgus monkeys showed some remarkable changes in the structure and distribution of the cell types as defined by the authors. The goblet cells (Type I) had almost entirely disappeared, whereas the epithelial cells with secretion granules (Type II) had considerably increased in number. The morphology of the Type II cells gave clear indications of a very active metabolism. In a control experiment, in which two Cynomolgus monkeys treated with a 4% pilocarpine solution for three months, these ultrastructural changes did not occur; it must therefore be assumed that mechanical irritation of the conjunctiva was the cause. PMID- 3210638 TI - [Choroidal hemodynamics using videoangiography]. AB - The characteristics of choroidal circulation were studied in 100 healthy subjects and differentiated from pathologically delayed filling of the choroid. The method used was videoangiography, which permits slow-motion analysis of choroidal hemodynamics. The sections of the choroid which fill fastest are the macula region, the peripapillary areas and the lower periphery, followed by the temporal and upper periphery and subsequently the nasal half of the fundus. If the beginning of choroidal filling is delayed for more than 3-3.5 s in any region it is 99% certain that the delay is pathologic. If this time is set in relation to the retinal circulation it approximates the early venous circulation time, i.e., the time in which the laminary venous blood flow reaches the optic disk. Videoangiography confirms that it is not possible to detect any functionally effective links between different choroidal lobuli. Choroidal circulation disorders in the event of occlusion of functional end-arteries are a logical consequence of this. Choroidal filling varies over a broad range: five different types of choroidal filling may be distinguished. The constant patterns of choroidal veins found by Hayreh in monkeys are only partially applicable to humans; the supply pattern of the human choroid must be regarded as considerably more complex. PMID- 3210639 TI - [Parapapillary retinal vessel caliber. II. Caliber reduction in eyes with glaucoma (a papillometric study of 309 eyes with chronic simple glaucoma compared with 264 normal eyes)]. AB - The diameter of the temporal superior or inferior artery and vein was measured at the optic disk border and 2 mm from the disk center in 309 nonselected eyes with chronic primary open-angle glaucoma. The values obtained were compared with those of 264 nonselected normal eyes. The calibers of both vessels were significantly larger in the normal eyes than in the glaucomatous ones (p = 0.000 or p less than 0.01; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). Their diameters diminished significantly (p less than 0.001) with decreasing width and area of the neuroretinal rim as a whole and when divided into different optic disk sectors, and with increasing optic cup area, horizontal and vertical cup/disk ratios, area of the subtotal to total parapapillary choriopigmentepithelioretinal atrophy, perimetric loss, and glaucoma stage. Thus, the caliber of the parapapillary retinal vessels decreases significantly with increasing glaucomatous optic nerve damage. PMID- 3210641 TI - [Pediatric ophthalmology: reasons for examination and disease pictures]. AB - A representative sample of 800 patients was taken from 15,000 children treated between 1972 and 1984 in the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology of Frankfurt University Eye Hospital. Their charts were reviewed to answer two questions: what are the most frequent reasons for ophthalmological examination in children under 15 years old and what are the most frequent diagnoses? Ophthalmological examinations were most frequently scheduled because of strabismus, errors of refraction and trauma or inflammation of the anterior segment, though also in a large number of cases because of general diseases, most often neurologic diseases such as epilepsy or elevated intracerebral pressure. The diseases diagnosed ophthalmologically were classified as congenital or acquired eye diseases and congenital or acquired general diseases with ocular symptoms. The most frequent are indicated in the text. Acquired diseases were more frequent than congenital diseases, though this group proved to be much larger in pediatric patients than in adult patients. PMID- 3210640 TI - [Isolated leukemic iritis in childhood]. AB - Case report on a child with acute lymphogenous leukemia. Although there was constant hematological remission she developed an isolated leukemic iritis and secondary glaucoma. The clinical picture showed a characteristic stratification of the hyphema. After the patient had remained seated for a prolonged period of time the leukemic cells settled above the erythrocytes, forming a so-called pseudohypopyon, which diagnostically important. Cytologic examination after anterior chamber paracentesis is indispensable in order to establish the etiology of the disease. Isolated leukemic iritis may be the first sign of a relapse and therefore indicate a need to reinstitute induction therapy. PMID- 3210642 TI - [The role of episcleral venous pressure in the development of secondary glaucomas]. AB - Between 1983 and 1987 the authors studied 64 patients with dilated episcleral vessels and open-angle glaucoma. Elevated episcleral venous pressure was found to be the cause of the increased intraocular pressure. Clinically, the cause of elevation of venous pressure included spontaneous carotid cavernous fistulas, Sturge-Weber syndrome, orbital tumors, endocrine exophthalmos, anterior scleritis and idiopathic cases. A variety of pathophysiological mechanisms causing elevated episcleral venous pressure were found. The clinical course and complications associated with elevated episcleral venous pressure are discussed. PMID- 3210643 TI - [Ocular hemodynamics following suction cup oculopression]. AB - In the study reported here the authors investigated the influence on ocular perfusion pressures of suction-cup oculopression, a procedure which permits oculopression without orbital compression. Patients over 50 years of age were examined before cataract extraction. Ulrich's method of ocular oscillodynamography was used to determine ocular perfusion pressures. A Mikuni and Yoneyama suction-cup dynamometer was applied for suction-cup oculopression. Ocular hypotonia following suction-cup oculopression was adequate and comparable to that achieved by other oculopression methods. After oculopression a significant increase in ocular perfusion pressures (retinal, ciliary, and diastolic) was found. However, ocular blood pressure remains constant after oculopression. Moreover, the increase in ocular perfusion pressure could not be explained by oculocardiac reflexes, because there was no change in systemic arterial blood pressure. It must be assumed, therefore, that the increase in ocular perfusion pressures is caused by a lowering of resistance, i.e., a drop in intraocular pressure. PMID- 3210644 TI - [Qualitative morphologic characteristics of normal and glaucomatous optic papillae]. AB - Using optic disk photographs, qualitative morphologic characteristics of the optic nerve head were determined in 251 nonselected normal eyes and 308 eyes with chronic primary open-angle glaucoma. These characteristics were correlated to morphometric (both intra- and parapapillary) and perimetric data. The highest degree of accuracy in distinguishing normal from glaucomatous optic disks was found with the characteristics "localization of narrowest point of neuroretinal rim outside the temporal horizontal optic disk sector" (85.5%) and "changes in the parapapillary retinal nerve fiber layer" (87.9%). The signs "baring of circumlinear vessels," "baring of cilioretinal arteries," "epipapillary flame shaped hemorrhages," and "bridging of the vessel trunk" were highly specific for glaucomatous optic nerve damage (94.4%-100%) and less sensitive (5.8%-25.3%). Bayonetlike vessel kinking," "prevalence of cupping nasal to the main vessel trunk," "baring of the lamina cribrosa pores," and "undermining of the cup border" were less useful in qualitative evaluation of the optic disk. The location of the central artery in relation to the central vein (nasal in 98.4%), prevalence of the cilioretinal arteries, and the total number of circumlinear vessels were not significantly correlated to changes associated with glaucoma and are therefore of no importance for optic disk evaluation in glaucoma. PMID- 3210645 TI - [Gas-no touch-enucleation]. AB - The gas not touch enucleation procedure described in the present paper was prompted by Zimmerman's theory that the increase in the rate of metastasization following enucleation of eyes with melanomas is due to intraoperative fluctuations in IOP. Prior to surgery the blood circulation in the affected eye is interrupted by a kind of "invisible hemostatic clamp ab interno." In practice this is accomplished by an intravitreal gas injection. From July 1984 to December 1987 this technique was used in 22 enucleations performed because of large choroidal melanomas. The average base diameter of the (histologically verified) tumors was 15.1 mm and their height 9.9 mm. In each of 11 patients air or an expanding perfluorocarbon gas (4 x CF4, 4 x C2F6, 3 x C3F8) was injected through a 30-gauge needle via the pars plana. IOP was subsequently maximally elevated, the eye "rock hard," the central artery not perfused, and the entire blood circulation in the affected eye interrupted. The volume of gas injected ranged from 0.8 to 2.2 ml (average 1.4 ml). IOP remained maximally elevated throughout the enucleation procedure, even persisting in the enucleated eye. No special instruments are needed for gas no touch enucleation, it is easy to perform and the duration of surgery is not increased. It can be performed by any eye surgeon in any operating room when an eye with a malignant melanoma has to be "no touch" enucleated, i.e., avoiding fluctuations in IOP in order to minimize the chances of tumor cell seeding into the bloodstream. For "no touch" enucleations the gas technique thus represents a viable alternative to Fraunfelder's freezing technique. PMID- 3210646 TI - [Procedures for the quantitative follow-up control of computerized perimetric findings in glaucoma]. AB - A statistical model for long-term follow-up of glaucomatous visual fields is described. Using an analysis of individual testpoints, a statistical evaluation of visual field change is done by the Bowker symmetry test. Eccentricity of test points in the visual field, density of scotomas and number of defective test points were used as parameters. The authors demonstrate that evaluation with this method is superior to methods using total sensitivity loss or mean sensitivity of the visual field. This model is currently being used in a retrospective and a prospective glaucoma study. PMID- 3210648 TI - [Pitted optic papilla with fluorescein angiography-detected macular edema]. AB - Two cases of optic pit associated with macular edema detected by fluorescein fundus angiography are described; the edema was most probably caused by pathologic vessels. PMID- 3210647 TI - [Severed musculus rectus internus caused by a dog bite]. AB - A four-year-old girl sustained facial injuries from multiple dog bites. Although the globe exhibited slight adduction saccades the medial rectus muscle appeared to be intact when examined by computer tomography. However, on surgical exploration of the orbit the muscle parenchyma was found to have been completely severed. PMID- 3210649 TI - [Results in Pediatric Oncology 12. Proceedings of the Society of Pediatric Oncology and the German Working Group on Leukemia Research and Treatment in Childhood]. PMID- 3210650 TI - [Principles and instruments for promoting research in leukemia--trends of the Child-Philipp Grant]. PMID- 3210651 TI - [Clinical experiences with polyethylene glycol-bound E. coli L-asparaginase in patients with multiple recurrences of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. AB - The efficiency and toxicity of E. coli-L-Asparaginase coupled to polyethyleneglycol (PEG-ASP) was investigated in 5 patients with second relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PEG-ASP was administered at a dose of 2000 U/m2 as infusion over 2 hrs. every 2 weeks. Following an initial single agent phase, PEG-ASP was combined with prednisone, vincristine, adriamycin and methotrexate i.t. Following induction, all 5 patients were in third remission. The remissions lasted from 3 to 9 months, median 4 months. The toxicity was transient and mild. Also in patients sensitized against native L-Asparaginase no anaphylactic reactions were observed. PMID- 3210652 TI - [Continuous doxorubicin infusions. A pilot study in young patients]. AB - Eleven young patients with relapsed childhood malignancies received continuous infusions of 5-10 mg/m2/day doxorubicin. 30 infusions were given via a central venous access until signs of mucositis showed up (7-52 days). Other toxicity was low, both bone marrow depression and fever and neutropenia occurred in 7/30 and 5/30 courses of therapy, respectively. No signs of liver or cardiac toxicity were seen in these heavily pretreated patients. In 8/11 patients tumor regression was documented, though only two partial remission were noted. Continuous infusions of doxorubicin are an effective and relatively non-toxic treatment for relapsed childhood malignancies. Since this form of therapy enables good quality of life and medical care on ambulatory basis, a phase II-study of low-dose doxorubicin for relapsed tumors is justified. PMID- 3210653 TI - [Family therapy approach by the pediatric oncology treatment team]. AB - 1. A Family perspective is a valid contribution to the predominantly biologically orientation in oncology. 2. The formation of a multidisciplinary treatment team appears realistical. This should be composed of the respective professional groups. 3. Family therapy in a stricter sense is indicated only in a limited number of cases, whereas a family centered viewpoint appears almost unavoidable. 4. Accompanying evaluations and research will be one of the most important features of the forthcoming work. 5. Looking back on the past decade far-reaching developments become obvious. Psychosocial aspects have become an essential part of the whole pediatric oncological treatment system. PMID- 3210655 TI - [Angiofollicular lymphatic hyperplasia with plasmacytoma and polyneuropathy: a case report with immunohistochemical study]. AB - A rare case of a 43-year-old man with polyneuropathy, monoclonal gammopathy, myeloma and Castleman's disease of plasma cell type was diagnosed. Immunohistological examination of the lymph node with Castleman's disease showed polyclonal binding while the myeloma was monoclonal containing IgA with lambda light chains. At the immunoelectrophoresis IgA/IgA paraprotein was demonstrated. The possible pathogenetical relationship between polyneuropathy and plasmacytoma as well as Castleman's disease will be discussed. PMID- 3210654 TI - [Percutaneous transfemoral valvuloplasty in patients with calcified aortic stenosis and significantly increased surgical risk: clinical course and value of Doppler sonography in assessment of therapeutic success]. AB - Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty (PTV) was performed in 24 patients (aged 67-86 years, mean: 76 +/- 5.7 years) with calcific aortic stenosis and high operative risk. The gradient between maximal left ventricular and aortic pressures (peak-to-peak gradient, PPPG) could be reduced by 52% from 73 +/- 21 to 34 +/- 12 mmHg (p less than 0.001). Peak pressure gradient (PPG), as assessed by continuous wave Doppler, could be reduced from 80 +/- 28 to 58 +/- 21 mmHg (p less than 0.001). Aortic valve area (AVA) as determined by Doppler and two dimensional echocardiography increased significantly from 0.39 +/- 0.14 to 0.61 +/- 0.3 cm2 (p less than 0.05). Clinical symptoms were found to be improved in 5 of 8 patients with impaired ejection fraction and in 11 of 16 patients with normal ejection fraction during the first week after PTV. Complications due to the procedure were surgical revision of femoral artery puncture site in one patient and hemodynamic relevant pericardial effusion in another patient. Transmitral early (E) and late (L) diastolic filling integrals were measured by pulsed Doppler: the ratio E/L decreased significantly after PTV from 0.9 +/- 0.5 to 0.63 +/- 0.31 (p less than 0.03) indicating further reduction of left ventricular early diastolic filling. Ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output did not significantly change immediately after PTV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210656 TI - Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura. A prospective therapeutic study of 132 patients from 1981-1985. AB - Between March 1981 and February 1985, 93 out of 132 patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma were eligible for therapy and were prospectively assigned to receive either combined therapy or best supportive care, according to their personal preferences. Fifty seven patients underwent multimodal therapy including surgical resection where possible, polychemotherapy, and radiation therapy in case of partial remission. Thirty-six patients received maximal supportive care only, as did 39 patients who were not eligible for treatment. The median survival was 13 months for treated patients compared to 7 for those receiving best supportive care and 5 for patients not amenable to treatment. Median progress-free survival was 6, 2, and 1 month respectively. Surgical resection did not prolong life expectancy within the treated group. In view of significant differences in the distribution of various cofactors over the two study groups, stepwise Cox model analyses were performed. Prognostic nontreatment variables related to prolonged survival were: good performance status, stage I and II, absence of chest pain, age below 50 years, and epithelial histology. Although in the Cox model analyses the survival improvement of patients being treated could be greatly attributed to other cofactors, multimodal treatment showed some prolongation of life expectancy. PMID- 3210657 TI - [Conjunctival oxygen pressure in patients with acute cerebral infarct]. AB - Conjunctival oxygen tension and arterial blood gases were measured in 20 patients with acute ischaemic stroke and compared to values obtained in a reference group. The conjunctival capillary bed is perfused by the ophthalmic artery and, thus, reflects the oxygen delivery to the areas supplied by the internal carotid artery. Patients with acute ischaemic stroke showed especially on the ipsilateral side, i.e. the side of the infarction, and to a lesser extent on the other side a lowered conjunctival oxygen tension and a reduced ratio of conjunctival to arterial oxygen tension. These findings indicate disturbances of the blood fluidity, of the cerebrovascular autoregulation and of brain microperfusion. Monitoring of conjunctival oxygen tension is simple and safe. This method allows the assessment of oxygen tension in a tissue bed vascularized by the internal carotid artery. It appears to yield an objective criterion of the effectiveness of therapeutic procedures aiming at an improvement of cerebral perfusion and oxygen supply in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. PMID- 3210658 TI - [Value of preoperative thrombocyte marking in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. AB - 51Cr-platelet kinetic studies were performed in 77 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The sequestration site was splenic for 63, splenic/hepatic for 7 or hepatic for remaining 7 patients. In 20 patients platelet survival was extremely shortened to 0-3 h, whereas only 26 patients had a survival time of more than 24 h. Those patients with low platelet counts also had a very short platelet survival time, whereas patients with higher platelet counts (greater than 50 x 10(9)/l) had longer platelet survival times. 51 patients (66%) were splenectomized following the kinetic studies. 25 patients who had a splenic sequestration site had normalized platelet counts and 6 patients had platelet counts between 80-149 x 10(9)/l 12 months after splenectomy (i.e. in 92% of cases with splenic sequestration site a full or partial remission). Of the 11 patients with a hepatic or splenic/hepatic sequestration site, 2 patients had full remission, 1 partial remission, 3 patients had minimal improvement and 5 other patients were treatment failures in respect to the splenectomy. PMID- 3210659 TI - [Observation of acenocoumarol-induced granulocytosis]. AB - A male patient had been treated with acenocoumarol for 9 years. Raised white cell count returned to normal, when acenocoumarol was substituted by heparin, but rose again after reexposure. An analysis of variance showed that this effect is mediated by neutrophils only. The rise is quick and may therefore be caused by a redistribution of white cells rather than by increased cell production. PMID- 3210662 TI - The problem of the snoring child and obstructive apnea syndrome. PMID- 3210661 TI - [Actinomycosis of the skin in HIV infection]. AB - A 29-year-old woman with HIV-infection developed disseminated abscesses of the skin, identified as an infection with Actinomyces israelii. To our knowledge, actinomycosis associated with HIV-infection (AIDS-related complex) has been reported only once previously. PMID- 3210660 TI - Hypocalcemia due to osteoblastic metastases and diminished parathyroid reserve in a patient with advanced breast cancer. AB - Symptomatic hypocalcemia is an uncommon finding in patients with malignant tumors. A patient with advanced breast cancer is described, who developed severe hypocalcemia in the course of her disease. The hypocalcemia was caused by the combination of enhanced calcium need due to progression of osteoblastic metastases and diminished parathyroid reserve due to tumorous infiltration of the parathyroid glands. PMID- 3210663 TI - How to avoid handicaps in children. PMID- 3210664 TI - The child with recurrent boils. PMID- 3210665 TI - Severe infections in acute leukaemia. PMID- 3210666 TI - Lipoprotein profile in childhood nephrotic syndrome: correlation with clinical severity. PMID- 3210667 TI - A scale for the assessment of social adjustment in children--reliability and validity data. PMID- 3210668 TI - The value of Quetelet's Index in the assessment of obesity in 7 and 12 year old obese Chinese children. PMID- 3210669 TI - Neonatal jaundice. A 4 year experience in Toa Payoh Hospital. PMID- 3210670 TI - Neonatal hypoglycemia. PMID- 3210671 TI - The relationship of temperament to adjustment in British infant schools. PMID- 3210672 TI - A self-report measure of touching behavior. PMID- 3210673 TI - The relationship between characteristics of the victim, persuasive techniques of the batterer, and returning to a battering relationship. PMID- 3210674 TI - Consistency of aggressive, assertive, and submissive behavior in male adolescents. PMID- 3210675 TI - Adaptation patterns of Indian and American adolescents. PMID- 3210676 TI - Sex, locus of control, and illusion of control in Hong Kong as correlates of gambling involvement. PMID- 3210677 TI - Beyond individualism and isolation: a study of communion in adolescent males. PMID- 3210679 TI - Periodontal disease and AIDS. PMID- 3210678 TI - How information gathering, its documentation, its communication and a heads-up philosophy can reduce your exposure to malpractice claims and help you serve your patients more completely. PMID- 3210681 TI - Ascorbate increases apparent "specific" binding of [3H]pyrilamine to glass fiber filters. AB - Although filtration through glass fiber filters provides a convenient method for separating bound from unbound radioligand, binding of the ligand to the filters is often a problem. Ascorbate (0.1%) has been shown to decrease binding of serotonergic acids to these filters. In the present study, relatively high binding of [3H]pyrilamine, an H1-antagonist, to glass fiber filters was observed. The addition of ascorbate increased, rather than decreased, binding of [3H]pyrilamine to the filters. Thus, the effect of ascorbate on binding of radioligands to glass fiber filters appears to be dependent upon the particular ligand involved. PMID- 3210680 TI - Novel method for producing standard subacute gastric ulcer in rats and for the quantitative evaluation of the healing process. Effect of several drugs on healing. AB - A simple new method has been developed for producing subacute gastric ulcers in rats, and it has been combined with a novel method for the quantitative evaluation of the healing process. Fasted rats of body weight 120-150 g were used. The animals were anaesthesized by ether and then a polyethylene catheter was orally inserted in the stomach with a fine needle inside. After the cannula reached the gastric wall, the needle was pressed gently so as to punch the tastric wall. Drugs under study were administered orally 30 min and 24 hr after the puncture. Food and water were given ad libitum from 2 hr after the intervention until the end (96 hr) of experiments. In order to follow the healing process of subacute ulcer, the so-called tensile strength of the ulcer was determined by inflating and was expressed in mmHg. The healing rate was calculated. The antiulcer drugs, cimetidine, famotidin, pirenzepine, and sucralfate, dose dependently and significantly increased the healing rate of ulcer. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, naproxen, piroxicam, indomethacin, and ibuprofen, significantly delayed the healing of ulcer and acetylsalicylic acid showed no significant effect on the healing. Strong HCl (0.5 molar) significantly delayed the healing of ulcer. N-EM given subcutaneously dose dependently delayed the healing of subacute ulcer. PMID- 3210683 TI - Portable in vitro bath for an unsubmerged complete trachea. AB - An in vitro organ bath into which to insert a complete isolated trachea after surgical removal has been developed. The bath is portable, a very useful feature, to transport the trachea collected in the slaughterhouse to the laboratory. Moreover, the luminal surface of the mucosa is not submerged, but is air-filled, thus obtaining the physiological conditions closer to the one of the trachea in vivo. Thus, pharmacological investigations of drugs acting on physicochemical characteristic of mucus and on mucociliary clearance can be performed under controlled conditions. PMID- 3210682 TI - The anesthetized ferret, an in vivo model for evaluating inotropic activity: effects of milrinone and anagrelide. AB - The anesthetized ferret model is introduced as an in vivo acute model for evaluating inotropic effects of new cardiovascular compounds. The effects of anagrelide and milrinone were compared to vehicle. Validation was accomplished using intravenous isoproterenol, which elicited a dose-dependent inotropic response. This suggests that the anesthetized ferret model is both reproducible and dependable. Additionally, in vivo inotropic activity can be assessed on small amounts of compound in a relatively inexpensive species. PMID- 3210684 TI - Simple micromotility recorder for rapid screening of potentially anthelmintic compounds. AB - A simple micromotility recorder for monitoring the motility of small nematodes (adult) is described. Normal motility of Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Nematospiroides dubius was recorded. The time course to cause paralysis (paralysis time) was also observed in the presence of various anthelmintics, e.g., Levamisole, Pyrantel; and Ivermectin at graded concentrations. This is a simple in vitro model for screening of potential anthelmintic compounds. PMID- 3210685 TI - A new portacaval shunt. AB - A new prosthetic, segmented polyether polyurethane portacaval shunt featuring quick-connect anastomotic ends was constructed and evaluated as part of a short term pharmacokinetic study. The shunts were easily implanted, did not require the use of anticoagulants, and decreased the operative time normally required for this surgical preparation. There was no evidence of thrombosis or venous stasis associated with the shunts. PMID- 3210686 TI - Temperature compensation in the vestibulo-ocular reflex: a novel hypothesis of cerebellar function. AB - Some ectothermic animals are subject to changes of body temperature during routine activity. How are they able to maintain co-ordinated behaviour? Analysis of the available evidence on the effects of temperature on the vestibulo-ocular reflex suggests that there will be a degree of automatic temperature compensation. Temperature will increase the gain of some components of the reflex, and decrease the gain of others resulting in a reduced temperature sensitivity of the overall reflex. It is suggested that the cerebellum may provide the balance of temperature compensation required to maintain adequate reflex function. The hypothesis is that type III (bidirectionally sensitive) Purkinje cells receive temperature information as a common-mode signal from the opposing labyrinths, and use this information to regulate the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex pathway. PMID- 3210687 TI - Branching patterns, generating rules, and astogenetic trajectories in arborescent bryozoans. AB - The terminal growth of bryozoans allows a reconstruction of their growth history and generating rules from the developed pattern. Three species of arborescent bryozoans share a bias in growth rate that favors reverser branches (those whose direction of growth is opposite that of their parent branch); this bias produces a common hummocky appearance to the top margin of the colony. Other differences in the growth rules, however, result in markedly different colony forms. For two species, the cue for splitting of branches seems to be the length of the branch; for the other, the cue seems to be the time since the last splitting. Simulations based on the distinction between reversing and nonreversing branches reproduce the hummocky pattern, but offer little insight into the underlying mechanism. Simulations based on occlusion, the line-of-sight blocking of the branches by each other, give similar patterns with fewer assumptions. These simulations also suggest that the pattern is due to a limited availability of nutrients to occluded growing tips, and that nutrients remain relatively localized within colonies. The actual determinants of colony form are likely to combine both nutrition and geometry. PMID- 3210688 TI - Reproductive wastage and the evolution of genetic systems. PMID- 3210690 TI - [Expectations on the revised national examination for nurses]. PMID- 3210689 TI - Reconstructive plastic surgery in a Third World country. PMID- 3210691 TI - [Problems in nursing management: young nurses deviating from the work assignment for physicians and nurses]. PMID- 3210692 TI - [Problems in nursing management: hiring of new nurses resulting in firing of part time nurses]. PMID- 3210693 TI - [Keywords in nursing management. The head nurse as a model for the nursing staff]. PMID- 3210694 TI - [Personality. Ms. Midori Kawashima and the past, present and future of the development of nursing technology]. PMID- 3210695 TI - [Problems in nursing education. Advisability in securing a new assignment for a nurse who has been fired for her involvement in undesirable religious activities]. PMID- 3210696 TI - [Problems in clinical training in nursing. Ambiguity in naming the leader and students' bewilderment in seeking out advice]. PMID- 3210697 TI - [Problems in clinical training in nursing. Students' complaints concerning "mistreatment" by instructors of clinical training]. PMID- 3210698 TI - [Prevention of medical accidents in geriatrics--significance of the problem and the keypoints to be noted by the hospital authorities]. PMID- 3210699 TI - [Prevention of medical accidents involving aged demented patients]. PMID- 3210700 TI - [Fire prevention policies at the medical and welfare facilities for the aged- equipment and training]. PMID- 3210701 TI - [Prevention of medical accidents in geriatrics. On assurance of the quality of home nursing services for the aged--with special reference to the cooperation between home medical care and home care services]. PMID- 3210702 TI - [Commentary by a physician. A need to respect patients' choice in therapeutic modalities]. PMID- 3210703 TI - [Nursing rotation in various departments. 2. My turning point and choice in nursing specialties]. PMID- 3210704 TI - [Nursing statistics. Reduction in the number of midwives and a new trend]. PMID- 3210705 TI - [Keypoints in training nursing staff. Understanding of individual staff members]. PMID- 3210706 TI - [Process of introduction of primary nursing at St. Luke's International Hospital (3)]. PMID- 3210707 TI - [Methodology in educational research. 9. Study on a program for learning bandaging (3). Bandage rolling: the goal in learning and rating methods]. PMID- 3210708 TI - [The current educational status and the future problems concerning radiotherapy in nursing education--a nationwide survey at nursing and practical nursing educational facilities]. PMID- 3210709 TI - [On man and nursing: aging (9). Aging and independence. (2)]. PMID- 3210710 TI - [Better nursing care through nursing research. (3)]. PMID- 3210711 TI - [Study on promoting an effective support relationship between patients undergoing mastectomy and their spouses]. PMID- 3210712 TI - [Evaluation of the contents of specialized nursing education. 3. Orientation in the specialties, roles and training of nursing specialists]. PMID- 3210714 TI - [A nursing generalist and a nursing specialist: a turning point and my choice]. PMID- 3210713 TI - [Nursing courses leading to doctorate and master's degrees in the United States (2)]. PMID- 3210715 TI - [Nursing statistics. Hospitals and government agencies providing home nursing care]. PMID- 3210716 TI - [Keypoints in training the nursing staff: improvement in the analytical process]. PMID- 3210717 TI - [Process in the introduction of primary nursing at St. Luke's International Hospital]. PMID- 3210718 TI - [Methodology in educational research. 8. Methods of recording in continued surveys]. PMID- 3210721 TI - [Better patient care through nursing research. (2)]. PMID- 3210720 TI - [On man and nursing: aging (8). Aging and independence. (1). A discussion]. PMID- 3210722 TI - [Study on the structure of awareness of diabetic children]. PMID- 3210719 TI - [A study on the correlation between ratings at clinical training and the results of the egogram]. PMID- 3210723 TI - [From the research on patient care, civilization and ethnology. A discussion]. PMID- 3210724 TI - [Nursing specialists in relation to the trend for expanded nursing duties and the current status of continuing education in Japan]. PMID- 3210725 TI - [Nursing courses leading to doctorate and master's degrees in the United States]. PMID- 3210726 TI - [Systematization of legislation for the aged--creation of a section for health and welfare of the aged]. PMID- 3210727 TI - [Problems in nursing management: objection by nursing supervisors to their relocation]. PMID- 3210728 TI - [Problems in nursing management: use of leave for individual reasons after careful preparation of the work schedule]. PMID- 3210729 TI - [Keywords concerning nursing management. The assessment tool: efforts by the nursing managers to develop assessment tools]. PMID- 3210730 TI - [Personality: Dr. Takuo Kuroiwa and home nursing. An interview]. PMID- 3210731 TI - [Problems in nursing education: methods in requesting a visit to health-related facilities by groups of nursing students]. PMID- 3210732 TI - [Problems in clinical training in nursing: a nursing student incapable of facing a terminal patient during a clinical training program]. PMID- 3210733 TI - [Problems in clinical training in nursing: students' dissatisfaction with the rating given by supervisors]. PMID- 3210734 TI - [Reevaluation of management related to night duties. Nursing duties at night and related management problems--current status and problems]. PMID- 3210735 TI - [Management concerning evening nursing duties at Tohoku University Hospital]. PMID- 3210736 TI - [Management concerning evening nursing duties at the Chiba Prefectural Emergency Center]. PMID- 3210737 TI - [Management concerning evening nursing duties at Shizuoka Prefectural Children's Hospital]. PMID- 3210738 TI - [Management concerning evening nursing duties at Kyushu Kosei Nenkin Hospital]. PMID- 3210739 TI - [Management concerning evening nursing duties at Minami Kokura Hospital]. PMID- 3210741 TI - [The need for presurgical shaving--reevaluation of nursing duties]. PMID- 3210740 TI - [Re-evaluation of management concerning evening nursing duties--a view by a staff nurse]. PMID- 3210742 TI - [The role of new nurses and student nurses in the nursing team]. PMID- 3210743 TI - [The team work contributing to individual psychological growth]. PMID- 3210744 TI - [On the ideal form of medical care by a team for the improvement in nursing care: through an experience in a case of a hospitalized patient undergoing a prolonged rehabilitation program]. PMID- 3210745 TI - [Apprehension of a nursing student facing graduation]. PMID- 3210746 TI - [Reports from the hospice. The final achievement of dying people]. PMID- 3210747 TI - [Learning through nursing. The importance of the affectionate environment]. PMID- 3210749 TI - [Data collection and assessment of patients with cataracts]. PMID- 3210748 TI - [Physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of cataract]. PMID- 3210750 TI - [Nursing plan for a patient with cataract]. PMID- 3210751 TI - [Innovation in reducing the noise involved in the use of bedpans]. PMID- 3210752 TI - [Mr Minoru Chiaki, an actor who has undergone a rehabilitation program for the sequelae of stroke: the "source of the desire to recover". Interview by M. Eto]. PMID- 3210753 TI - [Problems in your nursing: insomnia of a patient]. PMID- 3210754 TI - [An experience in giving dietary instructions to a diabetic patient]. PMID- 3210756 TI - [Obstetrical nursing]. PMID- 3210755 TI - [Physiopathology of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3210757 TI - [Nursing of patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3210758 TI - [Advantages of team nursing]. PMID- 3210760 TI - [Data collection and assessment of patients with liver cancer]. PMID- 3210759 TI - [Physiopathology, diagnosis, and treatment of liver cancer]. PMID- 3210761 TI - [Nursing plan for a patient with liver cancer]. PMID- 3210762 TI - [Nursing of a patient with liver cancer following hepatectomy]. PMID- 3210763 TI - [Discussion with Ms. Kayoko Shimizu on the future of the nursing profession]. PMID- 3210764 TI - [Problems in your nursing: the importance of the patient profile as data; nursing approach to the sense of embarrassment felt by aged patients]. PMID- 3210765 TI - [Evaluation of a nursing report: nursing of an aged patient in the terminal stage -a learning experience through nurse-patient interaction]. PMID- 3210766 TI - [Nursing of patients with sensory or urologic disorders]. PMID- 3210767 TI - [Physiopathology of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3210768 TI - [Management of the problem of sexuality in nursing--the question of privacy in the area of human rights and natural expression]. PMID- 3210769 TI - [Sexual problems in clinical practice]. PMID- 3210770 TI - [A psychiatric patient expressing an interest in nursing personnel as members of the opposite sex]. PMID- 3210771 TI - [A schizophrenic adolescent boy expressing a sexual desire toward nursing personnel]. PMID- 3210773 TI - [An aged patient expressing sexual desires toward nursing staff during the night]. PMID- 3210772 TI - [A patient who was unwilling to submit himself to shaving of the genital area prior to surgery]. PMID- 3210775 TI - [Apprehension of nursing students facing graduation]. PMID- 3210774 TI - [Male patients concerned over the possible loss of sexual function]. PMID- 3210776 TI - [Report from a hospice. Exchange of human warmth through touching]. PMID- 3210777 TI - [Learning through nursing. The importance of an interval in conversation]. PMID- 3210778 TI - [Nursing plan for patients with lumbar vertebral disk herniation]. PMID- 3210779 TI - [Physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of lumbar vertebral disk herniation]. PMID- 3210780 TI - [Data collection and assessment of patients with lumbar vertebral disk herniation]. PMID- 3210781 TI - [Nursing following anterior spinal fusion for the treatment of lumbar vertebral disk herniation]. PMID- 3210782 TI - [Changes in the attitudes of nursing students toward the nursing profession and factors responsible for the changes--through the establishment of communication]. PMID- 3210783 TI - [Discussion with Ms. Shizuko Muramatsu who organized a home nursing research center]. PMID- 3210784 TI - [Problems in your nursing: itching suffered by a patient in spite of cleaning; assistance toward aged patients in clinical examination]. PMID- 3210785 TI - [Evaluation of a case report: efforts toward improvement in a patient's desire for recovery and expansion of daily activities after discharge]. PMID- 3210786 TI - [Nursing of patients with diseases of digestive or endocrine organs]. PMID- 3210788 TI - [Nursing of patients with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3210787 TI - [Physiopathology of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3210789 TI - [Trust in patients' potentials for rehabilitation]. PMID- 3210790 TI - [Occasional strict attitude needed in rehabilitation of amputation patients]. PMID- 3210791 TI - [Hemodialysis patients traveling to Hokkaido on a bicycle]. PMID- 3210792 TI - [An encounter at a summer camp for diabetic children]. PMID- 3210793 TI - [Observations by a nursing student after 3 years of busy nursing studies]. PMID- 3210794 TI - [Report from a hospice. On revealing the nature of illness to the patient]. PMID- 3210795 TI - [Nursing attitude to accept and share patients' thoughts]. PMID- 3210796 TI - [Physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of asthma in children]. PMID- 3210797 TI - [Data collection and assessment of children with asthma]. PMID- 3210798 TI - [Nursing plan for children with asthma]. PMID- 3210799 TI - [Nursing of a 4-year-8-month-old child following a physical training program at a hospital]. PMID- 3210801 TI - [Nursing to meet the expectations of the patient and his family]. PMID- 3210800 TI - [Medical and nursing services desired by outpatients: on ambulatory interactions and environment]. PMID- 3210802 TI - [An interview with Ms. Shizuko Kiba: on temporary and permanent discharge of terminal patients. Interview by M. Kohara]. PMID- 3210803 TI - [Problems in your nursing: assistance in rehabilitation practiced in bed; support of a patient apprehensive of the clinical course after discharge]. PMID- 3210804 TI - [Evaluation of a nursing report. On individualized nursing based on the experience with a multipara]. PMID- 3210805 TI - [Pediatric nursing]. PMID- 3210806 TI - [Physiopathology of rectal cancer]. PMID- 3210807 TI - [Nursing of patients following colostomy]. PMID- 3210808 TI - [Approach to psychological suffering of cancer patients: psychological pain added to physical pain]. PMID- 3210809 TI - [Approach to psychological suffering of cancer patients: those who insist on knowing the truth and others who prefer believing in an optimistic diagnosis]. PMID- 3210811 TI - [Advice for graduating nursing students: sympathy toward patients and perseverance in spite of hardship]. PMID- 3210810 TI - [Approach to psychological suffering of cancer patients: preoccupation with the physical pain of the patient, resulting in overlooking her emotions]. PMID- 3210812 TI - [Report from a hospice. Strength and sadness of a mother who was dying of cancer]. PMID- 3210813 TI - Cloning of genomic DNA for tumor necrosis factor and efficient expression in CHO cells. AB - A genomic clone for human tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) was isolated using synthetic oligonucleotide probes. The genomic DNA was cleaved to remove 5' regulatory sequences and cloned in a PSVE3 expression vector containing the SV40 early promoter. The plasmid was co-transfected with a selectable dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene into DHFR-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. Efficient expression of TNF mRNA was established by Northern analysis. Expression of TNF protein was assayed for by cytotoxic activity for cycloheximide-treated SV80 fibroblasts. Selected transfected cultures secreted as much as 50,000 units of TNF activity/ml of culture medium. Synthesis of TNF protein was confirmed by immunofluorescence of transfected cells with a monoclonal antibody to TNF and immunoprecipitation of 17 kD protein from transfected CHO culture supernates. The efficient expression of TNF from genomic DNA in transfected mammalian cells may be advantageous for biologic uses. PMID- 3210814 TI - A human acute leukemia-derived T-cell line produces two inhibitor factors which suppress lymphocyte proliferation: characterization and purification of the molecules. AB - The crude supernatant of an CD1+/CD8+ T-cell clone (GI-CO-T-9) established from a long standing culture of an acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) was shown to inhibit the responsiveness of normal PBMC to PHA. This clone does not produce TNF alpha, TNF-beta, alpha-IFN, tau-IFN, IL-1, IL-2 and has no NK-like activity. The crude supernatant has been subjected to a multi-step chromatographic fractioning. Preparative gel permeation HPLC allowed us to recover two peaks of biologic activity in the range of 100-120 kDa and 75-85 kDa (referred to as "high molecular mass inhibitor factor", HMMIF, and "low molecular mass inhibitor factor", LMMIF, respectively). Both fractions were then subjected to anion exchange HPLC: HMMIF was recovered in fractions eluting at 0.04 M NaCl while LMMIF eluted at higher ionic strength (0.48 M NaCl). The fractions with biologic activity recovered from anion exchange HPLC have been subjected to hydrophobic interaction HPLC (HIC) for final purification. The highly purified material was characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with and without sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) revealing single bands of 115 kDa and 80 kDa. The isoelectric points (pI), determined by flat-bed isoelectricfocusing, were 7.4 for HMMIF and 3.5-3.6 for LMMIF. Studies on temperature lability indicated that both proteins are stable for 3-4 hours at room temperature (RT), 24-36 hours at +4 degrees C and 7-10 days at -80 degrees C. PMID- 3210816 TI - [Bibliographic references: better few and good than many and inappropriate]. PMID- 3210815 TI - [Familial type I (Portuguese form) amyloidotic polyneuropathy in Majorca. Study using the TTR (Met30) genetic marker]. PMID- 3210817 TI - [Neutropenia and immunoblastic lymphoma]. PMID- 3210818 TI - [Race as a little applicable category in medical scientific research]. PMID- 3210819 TI - [Bacteriology of nonhospital urinary infections]. PMID- 3210820 TI - [Fatal cardiac involvement in infantile polymyositis]. PMID- 3210821 TI - [Prevention of iodinated contrast media nephrotoxicity in patients with renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3210822 TI - [Impact of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on sex habits of a cohort of homosexuals]. PMID- 3210823 TI - [Human immunodeficiency virus antigens and antibodies in parenteral drug addicts: correlations with a clinical study]. PMID- 3210825 TI - [Interaction of erythrocytes with the hemostatic function of blood platelets]. PMID- 3210824 TI - [Polymorphism of apolipoprotein E in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3210826 TI - [Biomedical research in a regional hospital. Results of a survey]. PMID- 3210827 TI - [Hyperthermia in chlorinated solvent poisoning]. PMID- 3210828 TI - [Accidental hypothermia in the Canary Islands: description of 2 cases with fatal outcome]. PMID- 3210829 TI - [Cerebral lymphoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3210830 TI - [Pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium chelonei. A case with a duration of more than 2 years]. PMID- 3210831 TI - [Pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium chelonei. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3210832 TI - [Family physicians: do they compete or cooperate with internists?]. PMID- 3210833 TI - [Type I1/2 diabetes]. PMID- 3210834 TI - [Characteristics of Salmonella strains isolated from poultry containers designated for retail trade]. PMID- 3210835 TI - [Characteristics of Acinetobacter sp. strains isolated from a hospital environment. III. Anitracinogenic properties of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from clinical specimens and other sources]. PMID- 3210836 TI - [Biological properties of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis isolated from patients with urethritis. V. Sensitivity of U. urealyticum to selected chemotherapeutic agents]. PMID- 3210837 TI - [Biological properties of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis isolated from patients with urethritis. VI. Sensitivity of M. hominis to selected chemotherapeutic agents]. PMID- 3210838 TI - Karitane mothers' post partum support group. PMID- 3210839 TI - Try TLC for aggression. PMID- 3210840 TI - Hand-outs: a simple way to improve communication. PMID- 3210841 TI - Heartwatch: how much do you know about cholesterol. PMID- 3210842 TI - AIDS--the challenge of the eighties: are nurses equipped for the battle? PMID- 3210843 TI - [Differential circulatory value of various femoral shaft areas--experimental studies in rabbits]. AB - 15 rabbits underwent osteotomia of the left femur including lesion of the medullary vessels, 5 times in the proximal, 5 times in the middle, 5 times in the distal diaphysis. Changes in blood flow before and after osteotomia were measured by the "tracer microspheres" -method in the proximal, middle, and distal diaphysis of the femur and the tibia, in the marrow of femur and tibia, in the m. rectus femoris, and the m. tibialis anterior. After lesion of the femur diaphysis a significant reduction of blood flow was found in all tissues of the left leg which must have been caused by arterial spasm. In the diaphysis and marrow of femur, however, the reduction of blood flow was even greater and showed a characteristic pattern concerning the lesion of the medullary vessels. Osteotomia in the proximal diaphysis led to a greater reduction of blood flow in diaphysis and marrow than osteotomia in the middle and distal diaphysis did. The alteration of the diaphysis blood flow is different in the proximal, middle, and distal part in all cases of osteotomia. The characteristic pattern of diaphysis blood flow alteration by osteotomia can be explained by topography of the femur vessels. Their relations to clinical observations are discussed. PMID- 3210844 TI - [Risk of lung embolism following preventive intravenous use of heparin in polytraumatized patients]. AB - The risk of thrombo-embolic complications in multiple injured patients is increased due to several pathophysiological factors. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of a continuous IV heparin prophylaxis (10000IE/24h) in polytraumatized patients. A post-mortem evaluation of 72 decreased patients out of 373 multiple trauma patients treated during 1984-1985 was performed. In one patient multiple major pulmonary emboli were found to contribute to his death. No deep vein thrombosis as well as no fulminant pulmonary embolism were found in any case. PMID- 3210845 TI - [The external ring fixation--experimental studies of bending stability in distraction osteosyntheses]. AB - There is a high axial load for lower leg distractive osteosyntheses with external fixation systems. In searching for a high rigidity comparative investigations on the stability with different external fixators were carried out by an own developed material testing machine. Our anular fixator showed more rigidity than a three-dimensional ASIF-external fixateur. The use for infected fractures by changing the treatment, pseudarthrosis and also distractive osteosyntheses with weight bearing (for example Ilisarov-method) is possible. PMID- 3210846 TI - [Effect of serial CEA determination on diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of recurrent colorectal cancer]. AB - A rising CEA level did not indicate an early tumour recurrence in the follow-up of 660 patients with curative surgery because of colorectal carcinoma. In case of rectal carcinoma the first rise of the tumour marker preceded diagnosis of recurrence by other means 7.9 months on an average, in case of colonic carcinoma 5.1 months. The long-term survival after secondary procedure was 17.5% for patients with normal CEA value at time of reoperation and surmounted life expectancy of patients with rising tumour-marker level significantly (5.9%). The worst prognosis was found for the collective with rising CEA before diagnosis of relapse by other means, none of whom was saved by reoperation. The resectability rate of metastases was higher than that of local recurrences with nearly identical survival for both groups. Because of the long CEA lead times advances in therapy by second-look procedures are to be expected mainly for patients with pelvic recurrences after abdominoperineal extirpation. PMID- 3210847 TI - [Drainage in bile duct surgery--yes or no?]. PMID- 3210848 TI - [Autotransplantation of parathyroid gland tissue--on the indications for total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation]. PMID- 3210849 TI - [Parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation in renal hyperparathyroidism. I. Morphologic studies for tissue selection]. AB - During total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation 140 enlarged glands were removed in 35 hemodialyzed patients (normocalcemic: n = 14; hypercalcemic: n = 21). The cross-sections of all glands were classified intraoperatively. Diffuse hyperplastic (type 1) and nodular hyperplastic (type 2) glands could be distinguished. Using a stereo-magnifier (magnification: x 10 -x 16), type 1a- (stromal fat cells!) and type 1b- glands (without stromal fat cells!) could be differentiated. Those areas were also found between the nodules of type 2-glands. Significantly, nodular hyperplastic glands predominated in hypercalcemic patients (chi 2-Test: p less than 0.001). The colour of the nodules on the cross-sections of type 2-glands correlated with the predominating cell type ("dark": nodule of oxyphile cells; "medium": nodule of chief cells; "light": nodule of 'degenerating' oxyphile cells). As sign of proliferation the mitotic index was elevated (greater than 1:10,000) in type 1b-glands, in type 1b-like areas and in nodules of type 2-glands. These areas should not be used for autotransplantation. PMID- 3210851 TI - [Iatrogenic damage of the bile ducts caused by cholecystectomy. Treatment and results]. AB - This report concerns 44 patients with iatrogenic injuries to the bile ducts treated at the Mannheim University Clinic from 1973 to 1987. Group A: 12 own patients with lesions of the common bile duct among 6020 operations for cholelithiasis, i.e. a risk of 0.19%. All 12 lesions were recognized during operation and immediately repaired with eventual success. Group B: 32 patients referred to us from another hospital after cholecystectomy alone or previous repair. 11 of these patients had progressive jaundice in the immediate postoperative period (1. to 9. week) due to unrecognized bile duct injury. The other 21 patients developed strictures after an uneventful postoperative course within time intervals varying from 3 months to 23 years. 72% of patients (Group B) had reconstructive surgery within two years after last operation in another hospital. We performed 47 reconstructive operations in 42 patients without hospital mortality including 5 second or third operations for recurrent stricture. Biliary-intestinal anastomosis (70%) as sutured mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis was the most favoured method of reconstruction (30 Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomies and 3 choledochoduodenostomies). An end-to-end anastomosis was only performed in 3 cases of plain transection of the common duct. In management of high biliary strictures (type III and IV according to Bismuth's classification) preference would be given to Hepp-Couinaud's modification of hepaticojejunostomy using the left hepatic duct for a long side-to-side anastomosis. Overall morbidity amounted to 28% while the rate of relaparotomy for surgical complications was 13% (n = 6 without postoperative death). 10 patients died since reconstructive surgery, death being independent from bile duct injury in 5 cases. The injury related one-year-mortality was 4.5%. Overall stricture recurrence rate was 15% (18% for hepaticojejunostomy) with a mean follow-up of 72 months. Local infection was the most obvious cause of recurrence, thus a two stage procedure with postponement of reconstructive surgery must be recommended in case of subhepatic abscess or biliary fistula. Including second and third repairs, a good longterm result was achieved in over 80% of patients. PMID- 3210850 TI - [Parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation in renal hyperparathyroidism. II. Functional in vitro studies for tissue selection]. AB - The PTH secretion was studied in fragments of 83 (reactive) hyperplastic parathyroids (type 1 a: n = 24; type 1 b: n = 20, type 2: n = 39) simulating hypo (0.3 mmol Ca++ = maximal PTH secretion), normo- (0.9 and 1.2 mmol Ca++) and hypercalcemia (3.0 mmol Ca++ = basic PTH secretion, maximal suppressibility) in vitro. 56 out of 83 glands (67%) were suppressible (PTH secretion decreased under 50% of maximal secretion) with no significant difference in suppressibility of diffuse and nodular hyperplasia (50% and 74%, respectively). Differentiating diffuse hyperplastic glands in those with (type 1 a) and without (type 1 b) stroma fat cells, 92% of type 1 a glands and only 25% of type 1 b glands were suppressible (Fischer's test: p less than 0.001). Separated (oxyphilic and/or chief cell) nodules, type 1 b- and type 1 a-like areas (both localized between nodules) of types 2 glands were suppressible in 18%, 17% and 91%, respectively (Fischer's test: p less than 0.001). Thus fragments of type 1 a regions should be autotransplanted for preference. Type 1 b regions or nodules should not be used for grafting. PMID- 3210852 TI - [En-bloc resection of the esophagus in esophageal cancer]. AB - En-bloc esophagectomy not only comprises the elimination of the esophagus but also the mediastinal lymphadenectomy and the resection of the azygos vein and thoracic duct. Additionally the suprapancreatic abdominal lymphadenectomy is included and in tumors located orally of the tracheal bifurcation also the cervical lymphadenectomy. The surgical technique can be estimated as fully developed and standardized. Possible complications are postoperative hemorrhage (3.3%), chylothorax (1.6%) and tracheal lesions (4.9%). The mortality rate ranges under 10% in experienced centers, in our own patients around 6.6%. With en-bloc esophagectomy an exact staging of esophageal cancer becomes possible. In a high percentage complete tumor elimination (R0-resection) can be achieved and it seems that herewith prognosis in early tumor stages (T1/2N0/1) can be improved. PMID- 3210854 TI - [Is measuring impedance following ear operations an aid in the analysis of postoperative sequelae?]. AB - While the diagnostic value of pre-operative tympanometry is undisputed, there are very few publications on its application in postoperative control of sound conduction development. We measured otoadmittance several times after middle ear surgery in 42 cases. A significant increase of maximal admittance is found over a period of up to 24 months in case of tympanoplasty type I (16 cases, Fig. 1), and after stapedectomy (8 cases, Fig. 3). After a tympanoplasty of type III (Wullsteins classification) many tympanograms were flat, even in the follow-up examination, but a tendency to improvement can also be observed (Fig. 2). In none of the groups was hearing loss correlated with otoadmittance. Thus, tympanometry is not suitable for postoperative evaluation of conductive hearing loss. Nevertheless, our results indicate that the healing process after tympanoplasty modifies middle ear sound transmission for quite a long time. PMID- 3210853 TI - [Indications for intraoperative radiotherapy]. PMID- 3210855 TI - [Pre- and postoperative hearing thresholds and brain stem potential in acoustic neuroma. Is neuroma-induced hearing loss reversible?]. AB - Following acoustic neuroma excision through the middle fossa route hearing was maintained in 30% (8.8% of all patients with acoustic neuroma) within 20 dB compared with preoperative thresholds. Acoustic evoked brain stem responses had the tendency to normalise within 2 to 6 months following surgery. In individual cases hearing function was improved. PMID- 3210856 TI - [Mini-plate osteosynthesis in zygomatic fractures--restoration or alternative?]. AB - At the University ENT Clinic Frankfurt 105 patients with zygomatic fractures were treated from 1980 until 1986: 45 were treated with a maxillary sinus stent, part of them in combination with wire osteosynthesis, miniplate osteosynthesis was performed in 30 patients, some fractures seemed stable after reposition without fixation. The zygomatic fractures are classified into 3 types requiring different surgical treatments. Comparing the long term results of these methods with the pre- and postoperative radiological and functional data, patients with type 2 and 3 fractures do better with miniplate osteosynthesis than with the other treatments. In combination with an orbital floor fracture, the degree of enophthalmus is more severe in those patients where fractures were only repositioned without fixation. PMID- 3210858 TI - [Meningioma of the sphenoid bone with involvement of the tympanic cavity]. AB - Meningiomas are the most common benign neoplasms of the central nervous system, while meningiomas involving temporal bone are quite rare. If these tumours originate from the sphenoid they usually infiltrate the middle cranial fossa, the orbit, the cavernous sinus and the internal carotid artery. Only a small number of sphenoidal meningiomas infiltrating the middle ear have been reported so far. In these cases, differentiation from other middle ear diseases, particularly glomus tumour and chronical otitis media, is difficult. In this study the case of a sphenoidal meningioma involving the temporal bone and the middle ear is presented. The importance of computerized tomography and particularly MR tomography in evaluating intracranial and intratympanic meningiomas is discussed. PMID- 3210857 TI - [The variability of the surface morphology of olfactory sensory receptors]. AB - The olfactory epithelium of the adult hamster (mesocricetus auratus) was examined by light- and scanning electron microscopy. Tissues were perfusion-fixed in buffered glutaraldehyde solution. Of particular interest were the regionally varying, thickly structured olfactory boarder and the polymorphic olfactory receptors. The forms varied from simple, smooth olfactory vesicles to highly differentiated receptors with up to 20 cilia of varying length per vesicle. The cilia were tapered at such a rate that the distal segments had an average diameter 1/2 to 1/3 of the proximal segment. The distal segments were arranged in a parallel fashion occasionally over more than 100 microns in length between the surface of the epithelium and the loose meshlike plexus of the olfactory border. A second receptor type was also frequently observed in which the surface area was increased through microvilli. These variations in the structure of the receptors are discussed with regard to new immunohistochemical results. Further experiments should determine the relationship of local morphological differences. PMID- 3210859 TI - [Perilymph fistula yes or no?]. PMID- 3210860 TI - [Remarks on the contribution "Changes in the voice in Lombard reflex" by A. Lamprecht in Laryng. Rhinol. Otol. 67 (1988) 350]. PMID- 3210861 TI - [Possibilities and limits of speech audiometry in non-German speaking foreigners]. AB - The possibility of testing the discrimination for monosyllabic words in the so called "Freiburger-Sprachtest by Hahlbrock" in foreigners, who are unable to speak or to understand the German language, is discussed in the literature with different results. Most of the authors and experts advocate the opinion, that the monosyllabic word test (with test words in German) is not valid for foreigners. In our own medical expertizing we found, that this opinion is incorrect and invalid. Foreigners unable to speak or understand German can be examined with the monosyllabic discrimination test by Hahlbrock. The results were fully comparable with the results from Germans. To safeguard these results of discrimination tests, 50 randomized foreigners without any knowledge of German were examined under exact conditions in the same way as Germans. The result of these examinations prove the possibility of testing the discrimination for monosyllabic words in foreigners, who cannot speak or understand German words, via the Hahlbrock test or whispering word test. PMID- 3210862 TI - [Experimental studies of static stress on the footplate in the reconstruction of the sound conduction system]. AB - If a destroyed ossicular chain is substituted by a drum-to-footplate prosthesis (TORP), not only sound pressures but also static pressures are conducted via this new connection. To measure these effects in the area of the oval window, in isolated temporal bones the stapes was removed and substituted by a piece of plastipore, attached to the incus. This piece was connected by a very fine needle to a foil strain gauge, in order to registrate the effects of experimentally changed pressures in the external ear canal towards the inner ear. The incus was then also removed too and a TORP was introduced. Under the same measuring condition we found the conducted pressures ten times higher than in the previous situation. This can only be explained by movements in the incudo-malleal joint, if this is intact. Consequently patients with TORPs should avoid all situations of rapid changes of surrounding pressure, such as diving etc., especially if the tube function is impaired. These situations may be dangerous for the footplate and the inner ear. In fortunately rare cases perforations of the footplate were reported by some ear surgeons. PMID- 3210863 TI - [Plasma concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine following infiltration anesthesia in otorhinolaryngologic surgery]. AB - Infiltration anaesthesia is still relevant for the surgical treatment of patients in otorhinolaryngology. The injection of local anaesthetics in well vascularised areas constantly causes the danger of high plasma concentrations of local anaesthetics combined with undesirable side effects. In our study we tried to determine the development of plasma concentrations of local anaesthetics in patients scheduled for routine tonsillectomies and tympanoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 45 patients the development of plasma concentrations was measured immediately after the injection at short intervals; the samples were obtained between 1 minute and 60 minutes after the first injection. Group 1: Lidocaine 0.5% with epinephrine (1:200,000) 15-20 ml for tonsillectomy (n = 18). Group 2: Lidocaine 0.5% with epinephrine (1:200,000) 8-15 ml for tympanoplasty (n = 15). Group 3: Prilocaine 1% with epinephrine (1:200,000) 8-15 ml for tympanoplasty (n = 15). For tactical reasons infiltration anaesthesia for the patients of group 2 was - in addition to general anaesthesia - applied by the otorhinolaryngologist, whereas the patients of groups 1 and 3 were operated exclusively under local anaesthesia. RESULTS: Within the first minute after the initial injection plasma concentrations of the local anesthetic increased close to toxic threshold levels that are associated with undesirable systemic side effects. In the patients of group 1, who underwent tonsillectomy, plasma concentrations of 4-7 micrograms/ml were found during the first minute. The highest average values always appeared within the first five minutes: group 1 2.07 micrograms/ml, group 2: 0.45 micrograms/ml, and group 3: 1.15 micrograms/ml. DISCUSSION: With infiltration anaesthesia in well vascularised areas it may happen that there are--mainly in the early stage--high plasma concentrations of the applied substances, although the total dose was below the known maximum. Despite careful technique (repeated aspiration test in two levels) at least partial intravascular injections are apparently not always avoidable according to the pharmacokinetic data. Our results demonstrate that in addition to a safe peripheral venous line and prophylactic oxygen therapy, intraoperative monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram and verbal patient monitoring is of advantage in this group of patients. In our opinion the "standby function" of an anaesthesiologist can avoid severe complications. PMID- 3210864 TI - [A lidocaine base for surface anesthesia of the tympanic membrane]. AB - An anatomical study was conducted to determine the effects of 10% lidocain base (dissolved in DMSO) on the structure of the tympanic membrane. Survival times ranged from 1 day to 3 months. Membranes were embedded in plastic and cut in semithin sections. Within 1 and 3 days mild swelling of the epithelium was seen; 1 month after treatment the connective tissue layers of the lamina propria were severely hyperplastic. 2 months after lidocain-Base application additional collagen fibres, loosely packed and less regularly, appeared in the submucosal connective tissue layer. However, normal appearance of the drums was noticeable after 3 months survival. PMID- 3210865 TI - [Some recent results and developments in dermatovenerology]. AB - Our own results in dermatology are highlighted, such as the oral "hairy" leukoplakia associated with AIDS, treatment with Acyclovir for herpetic infections, laser therapy for angiomas, Lyme disease, x-ray therapy in Kaposi's sarcomas, photosensitivity reactions by treatment with thiazid diuretics and follicular mucinosis associated with T-cell lymphomas (mycosis fungoides). PMID- 3210866 TI - [Hoarseness]. AB - By means of measuring fundamental frequency, amplitude and voice quality (signal to-noise ratio) of voiced signal segments in speech, a three-dimensional representation was established. The record of voice quality versus pitch and intensity overcomes all the disadvantages which are met within the voice field (sustained vowels, extreme voice sound pressures, missing quality information etc.). PMID- 3210867 TI - [Changes of the voice in the Lombard reflex]. AB - In a noisy background the vocal intensity increases (Lombard reflex). The same effect is produced by binaural masking. We demonstrate the regulation of the vocal intensity in the beginning of phonation in eight normal subjects by Hilbert transformation via an FFT analyser. The signals were recorded under normal conditions and with binaural masking. The results are discussed. PMID- 3210868 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomography in tumors of the salivary glands--a diagnostic advantage?]. AB - 40 patients with clinically palpable salivary gland masses were included in a prospective study to compare magnetic resonance imaging to computed tomography. MRI has proved superior to CT not only in imaging primary lesions but also in diagnosing local and regional recurrences. In evaluating border structures, signal intensity, T1- and T2-values of space occupying lesions, we can determine the tumour status. Besides, we can define to some extent the internal architecture of the salivary gland or intra-resp. periglandular lymph node masses. Better contrast resolution and more specificity can be obtained by the use of contrast medium gadolinium-DTPA. Even small intraglandular and periglandular masses can be clearly distinguished from the sourrounding structures. At present, magnetic resonance imaging offers the diagnostic potency of both sonography and computed tomography. The advantages of MRI and our present indications in imaging salivary gland masses are discussed. PMID- 3210870 TI - [Cerebrospinal otorrhea--cerebrospinal rhinorrhea. The Salzburg concept of cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis]. AB - The three following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations make it possible to identify even the smallest amounts of CSF in case of CSF otorrhoea and rhinorrhoea. 1. Immunological identification of beta 2-transferrin (Oberascher/Arrer) 2. Laboratory fluorescein identification (Oberascher/Arrer) 3. Endoscopic fluorescein detection according to Messerklinger. For screening, and as the method of choice, beta 2-transferrin identification is always used as a first step if there is a suspicion of liquorrhoea. Depending on the result and on further measures, both fluorescein tests are used additionally in diagnosis. Basing on practical experience gained recently, special attention is given to test analysis, the various possibilities of taking samples, and their means of transport or mailing. A newly developed diagnostic step-by-step plan is intended to emphasise the clinical significance by means of practical examples. This concept represents the present state of the art in CSF diagnosis and demonstrates that a much mor precise range of indication is possible in surgery of fractures of the base of the skull and CSF leaks if it is combined with an appropriate x ray examination. PMID- 3210869 TI - [Clinical picture and possible causes of functional disorders of the parotid gland in radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer]. AB - The parotid gland function was examined in 31 patients with thyroid carcinoma treated with radio-iodine. Beside enhanced values of sodium concentration, protein concentration and alpha-amylase activity following each therapy, a continuous reduction of flow rate and alpha-amylase activity is found according to the cumulative total dose. The importance of glandular kallikrein und phosphohexoseisomerase (PHI) are discussed with regard to their possible role in glandular damage. A comparison is made with chronic recurrent parotitis, and therapeutical aspects are considered. On the whole the present investigation shows that radio-iodine therapy causes damage to the parotid gland, which normally leads to measurable effects after cumulative doses of 470 mCi. PMID- 3210871 TI - [Mechanisms of injuries of cut and stab wounds of the neck]. AB - The following paper presents a fundamental overview of the relationship between the manner in which cut or stab wound of the neck is inflicted and the resulting injury. The dependence of the type and shape of the weapon is discussed as well as the direction of the thrust. In addition, the main differences between cut and stab injuries and the differences between suicide and murder are pointed out. PMID- 3210873 TI - [Do arteriovenous anastomoses of the olfactory mucosa exist? A light and transmission electron microscopy study in the rabbit]. AB - Arteriovenous anastomoses were first mentioned more than 250 years ago. Since the original description, these peculiar vascular structures have been detected in almost every organ and tissue. In respect of the head and neck area, arteriovenous anastomoses have been mainly observed in the nasal mucosa of either humans or different animals and in the rabbit ear; the latter offers a unique chance for in-vivo studies using the ear chamber technique. Nevertheless, the existence of arteriovenous anastomoses in the nasal mucosa has often been denied. In the present study, we examined the endonasal vascular system of the rabbit by means of light- and transmission electron microscopy. No evidence for the existence of arteriovenous anastomoses could be found in the respiratory part of the nasal mucosa whereas in the deeper layers of the olfactory mucosa several vascular structures could be encountered that were similar to the glomerula digitalia of fingertips. It is emphasised that these vessels must be regarded as true arteriovenous anatomoses which might play a potential role in endonasal thermoregulation. PMID- 3210872 TI - [Neurinoma of the vocal cord. A case report]. AB - Neurilemmoma is an extremely rare tumour of the larynx. A case of a 75-year-old woman who complained of increasing hoarseness for several months is reported. Clinically the tumour looks like a polyp of the left vocal cord. The tumour was completely removed endoscopically. Histological examination, however, revealed a neurilemmoma. To the present day only two cases of neurilemmoma of the vocal cord have been reported in the literature. PMID- 3210874 TI - [The fixation theory of middle ear muscle function]. AB - The still unidentified function of the middle ear muscles might be explained by the fixation theory. However, this idea, which is being favoured nowadays, namely, that the action of the muscles controls the position of the ossicles for optimal transmission, has never been investigated experimentally except for a few studies 50 and 100 years ago. In 25 temporal bone preparations, the air pressure induced movements of the ossicles were microscopically measured, at first without and then with a 10 g. load on the tensor tympani muscle and a 5 g. load on the m. stapedius. The fixation hypothesis could not be confirmed, since with increasing pressure the movement-reducing effect of the middle ear muscle pull decreased. This inability of the muscles to compensate higher static air pressures is also demonstrated theoretically. A 10 g. pull of the tensor tympani muscle can only withstand a suction of 30 mm H2O in the ear canal. Hence, further evaluations are discussed that seem to enforce our hypothesis of the joint-preserving function of the middle ear muscles. The required antagonism of the pull of the muscle is accomplished by the change of the direction of movement in the gliding incudo malleal joint. PMID- 3210875 TI - [Changes in the hearing and discomfort thresholds in patients with the Clark/nucleus inner ear prosthesis]. AB - The Nucleus 22-electrode cochlear implant should be fitted individually for both pitch and loudness. Loudness is related to the charge delivered, and is usually controlled by current amplitude. In special cases the loudness may be influenced by stimulation mode and pulse width. 3 examples demonstrate optimal fitting with low current intensities, using these possibilities. In addition the threshold level and comfortable level date were analysed over a 2-year period. No significant changes were found, indicating that electrical stimulation caused no damage to the remaining auditory nerve fibres. PMID- 3210876 TI - [Annulate lamellae of in vitro cultivated squamous epithelial cancer cell lines]. AB - Annulate lamellae have been described in rapidly dividing and proliferating cells as germ cells of invertebrates and vertebrates and in some neoplastic cells. Although their functional significance is still unknown, it is postulated that these organelles play a central role in cell growth and differentiation. In the present study, annulate lamellae have been documented for the first time in cultured recloned squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, which had not been subjected to prior chemical treatment. The stacks of annulate lamellae are frequently in continuity with cisterns of the rough endoplasmatic reticulum. PMID- 3210877 TI - [Squamous cell carcinoma antigen. Current clinical value of a new tumor marker in head and neck cancer; preliminary results of a prospective study after 12 months]. AB - The serum SCC antigen levels of patients with head and neck tumours are being studied in a prospective study to evaluate their clinical relevance. Concentrations above 2 ng/ml are considered to be abnormal. Preliminary results of the study after a 12-month period including 167 patients are reported: In only 28% of the patients with actual carcinoma of the head and neck the serum levels were pathological (Fig. 6), most commonly in oropharyngeal tumours (nearly 50%). The incidence of abnormal SCC-antigen concentration only rarely increased with increasing tumour extension (Fig. 7), but to a considerably greater extent in well-differentiated than in poorly or non-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (Fig. 8). Tendencies, but no statistically significant correlation, were found between the Karnofsky index and the serum levels (Fig. 9) - as well as between the time of remission after successful tumour treatment and decreasing serum concentrations (Fig. 10). At the time of recurrence of the tumour, SCC-antigen serum levels had not been able to predict the clinical recurrence (Fig. 11). Since the assessment of SCC-antigen concentration is neither highly specific nor sensitive, the usefulness of this tumour marker test must be--at least according to the present state of the art--regarded as rather low. PMID- 3210878 TI - [A severe late tonsillar hemorrhage 2 months postoperatively]. AB - Tonsilloadenoidectomy performed on an 8-year old girl, in the course of which heavy bleeding from the left niche was staunched by suture ligation, was complicated from the 7th day onwards by severe haemorrhages at intervals from 5 to 25 days, causing life-threatening hypovolaemia. Haemorrhages started mostly in the early morning hours and ceased spontaneously. Revision of the left niche was undertaken shortly after the 5th bleeding two months postoperatively. After removal of the almost completely restituted mucosal covering, spreading of a haemosiderinstained canal released a massive pulsating haemorrhage which was controlled by ligation of the external carotid artery and suturing of the tonsillar bed. As the origin of the haemorrhage, an arterial lesion either by tonsil enucleation or by suture ligation is discussed. Attention is drawn to the possibility that certain branches of the external carotid artery may be positioned very close to the inferior half of the tonsil. PMID- 3210879 TI - Mechanism of laser ablation in an absorbing fluid field. AB - Selection of a laser source for intravascular applications has frequently been predicated upon assumptions involving transmissibility in blood of the wavelength of light emitted by a given laser. Standard absorption curves for ultraviolet radiation in blood and infrared radiation in water would suggest that transmission of ultraviolet radiation through a blood field and infrared radiation through any aqueous fluid field would be insufficient for tissue ablation. The present series of experiments was undertaken to determine whether these theoretical predictions would in fact obviate the use of these wavelengths in a blood field. Specimens of normal human myocardium and/or polyvinylchloride were submerged under blood and water and irradiated with ultraviolet radiation (351 nm) delivered as a focused beam and via an optical fiber and infrared radiation (10,600 nm) delivered as a focused beam. Ablation of myocardium was successfully accomplished with a focused beam of both ultraviolet and infrared radiation under as much as 5 mm of blood and with ultraviolet radiation via an optical fiber with the fiber tip up to 3 mm distant from the tissue specimen. High-speed cine recordings of ablation carried out using a focused beam of laser radiation demonstrated that formation of a dynamic optical cavity is the basis for successful pulsed ultraviolet and infrared laser transanguineous tissue ablation. These results thus demonstrate that prediction of wavelength transmission through fluid media based on optical properties of a static fluid does not predict ability to accomplish ablation under dynamic circumstances of laser irradiation. PMID- 3210880 TI - Effects of blood flow on laser probe temperature in human arteries. AB - Laser recanalization using metal capped fibers occurs by thermal vaporization of occluding plaque. However, little is known about the effects of blood and flow on the temperature of the laser probe or the arterial wall during lasing. To study this, probe and arterial wall temperatures were measured while a metal capped fiber, activated by an argon laser, was held stationary in a stenotic human peripheral artery. Arteries were perfused with saline and blood, and flow was varied from 0 to 140 cc/min. Probe temperatures were significantly higher in blood than in saline. However, the increased probe temperature achieved in blood was not transferred to the arterial wall. Increasing flow decreased probe temperature in both media, but again arterial wall temperatures were minimally affected. Thus, the presence of blood and flow may significantly affect heat generation and heat transfer during arterial recanalization using metal capped fibers. PMID- 3210881 TI - Cellular effects of the pulsed tunable dye laser at 577 nanometers on human endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and erythrocytes: an in vitro study. AB - The 577-nm flashlamp-pumped tunable dye laser pulsed at 450 microseconds is rapidly becoming the treatment of choice for removal of portwine stains and other vascular ectasias. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of vessel destruction by determining the effects of laser irradiation on three types of primary target cells--erythrocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Human endothelial cells and fibroblasts in microwell plates were irradiated at various energy densities with the laser, after which several aspects of cellular biology were determined, including 1) viability of cells by trypan blue exclusion test; 2) cell proliferation by [3H]thymidine incorporation; and 3) rate of protein synthesis using [3H]leucine incorporation as a marker. In endothelial cell cultures, both [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine incorporations were inhibited at energy levels of 5-12 J/cm2 (P less than 0.01). In fibroblast cultures, cell proliferation was similarly inhibited, while supratherapeutic energy density (greater than or equal to 12 J/cm2) was required for inhibition of protein synthesis. The laser energy in the range of 5-8.5 J/cm2 had no effect on cell viability. Erythrocytes as target cells for laser energy demonstrated rapid, dose dependent lysis, as determined by release of free hemoglobin into culture medium. Addition of erythrocytes into a coculture with endothelial cells abolished the direct inhibitory effect noted in cultures when endothelial cells were present alone. The results of the latter experiment imply that erythrocytes are the primary target cell absorbing the laser energy at 577 nm. However, direct laser effects on endothelial cells may also contribute to the mechanisms of ablation of the vascular ectasias by the tunable dye laser at 577 nm. PMID- 3210882 TI - Laser-assisted intestinal anastomosis. AB - Laser-assisted tissue fusion has been investigated as a new technology to enhance the healing of soft tissues. Laser fusion of intestinal anastomoses shows promise as a method to obtain primary healing while eliminating a foreign-body reaction associated with the sutures. This paper reviews the experimental data that are available regarding laser-assisted intestinal anastomoses and summarizes our experience using the CO2, Nd:YAG, and argon lasers to form fusions in small bowel. PMID- 3210883 TI - Low-energy CO2 laser intestinal anastomosis: an experimental study. AB - Intestinal anastomosis was performed in 17 Wistar rats via tissue welding by the low-energy CO2 laser. The postoperative course in the animals studied was uneventful. The integrity of the anastomosis was investigated manometrically, immediately upon completion of the anastomosis as well as 20 days later. Ten additional Wistar rats served as controls in which conventional interrupted one layer anastomosis was performed. The results show a significant superiority of the intestinal anastomoses that were constructed by means of laser tissue welding. The time to complete the anastomosis was also significantly shorter when laser rather than manual suturing was used. Serial histological examinations for up to 90 days following surgery revealed complete healing and epithelization of the anastomotic site. PMID- 3210884 TI - CO2 and argon laser vascular welding: acute histologic and thermodynamic comparison. AB - CO2 and argon lasers have been used successfully for vascular welding in both experimental and clinical settings. This study compared the thermodynamics during CO2 and argon laser welding of 1-cm longitudinal arteriotomies in a canine model. Continuous recordings using an AGA 782 digital thermographic system with spatial and thermal resolution of +/-0.2 mm and +/-0.2 degree C, respectively, were analyzed. A HGM argon laser using a 300-microns optic fiber held at 1 cm from the vessel edges (spot diameter = 2.8 mm) with concomitant room temperature saline irrigation (1 drop/sec) was used for argon welds. Total exposure time was 150 sec/cm. CO2 welds were performed with a Sharplan CO2 laser (spot diameter = 0.22 mm) with no irrigation for total exposure time of 10 sec/cm. Thermodynamic results and laser parameters are summarized as follows: Argon-n = 20; power = 500 mW; energy fluence = 1,400 J/cm2; Tmax = 48.8 degrees C; T mean +/- S.D. = 45.1 +/- 2.7 degrees C; CO2-n = 20; power = 150 mW; energy fluence = 3,000 J/cm2; Tmax 84.0 degrees C; T mean +/- S.D. = 60.7 +/- 9.8 degrees C. There was a significant difference (P less than .05) in thermal measurements between successful CO2 and argon vascular welds. Temperature rise during the argon welds was limited by saline irrigation. In contrast, during CO2 laser welding, the temperature rose quickly to its maximum and was maintained at a relatively high level as the laser progressed (0.1 cm/sec) along the anastomosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3210885 TI - Denudation of the entire mucosa of the canine urinary bladder using the neodymium:YAG laser with the MTR 1.5 contact probe. AB - Although the procedure of mucosal stripping or denudation of the urinary bladder was developed over 25 years ago to treat the potentially neoplastic mucosa in patients with low-grade superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, the procedure was abandoned because of serious complications, including short term bladder hemorrhage and urinary extravasation and long-term severe bladder contracture, ureteral reflux, and hydronephrosis. In this study, we used the neodymium:YAG laser with the MTR 1.5 contact probe to denude the entire mucosa of the canine urinary bladder. Evaluation of our results showed that mucosal denudation by this technique can be performed simply and safely without complications. Specifically, we encountered no significant bladder hemorrhage, urinary extravasation, bladder contracture, ureteral reflux, or hydronephrosis. We believe that the denudation procedure may be useful as a surgical means of treating the entire bladder mucosa in patients with proliferative epithelial lesions of the bladder including multifocal carcinoma in situ. PMID- 3210886 TI - Comparison of wound healing between chopped mode-superpulse mode CO2 laser and steel knife incision. AB - The healing of surgical incisions made with the steel knife and CO2 laser chopped wave mode (ChW) or rapid superpulse (RSP) mode were compared using histologic parameters and breaking strength of the scars on postoperative day 14. Using a miniature pig model the Sharplan 1100 laser incisions were made with an average power of 15 W and power density of 7.68 kW/cm2. Histological sections on postoperative day 14 revealed the knife scar measured .49 mm, was hypocellular, and contained visible bundles of collagen fibers. Both CO2 laser scars were less mature, the ChW scar measured 1.04 mm, the RSP scar measured 1.37 mm, and both contained cellular granulation tissue without visible collagen fibers. The breaking strength of the scars was measured with a tensiometer. Laser wounds were weaker than the knife wound. Scheffe test for variables was significant at P = .01 between the two laser modes and the knife. No significant difference was noted in the breaking strengths of incisions made with the chopped mode and superpulse mode. PMID- 3210887 TI - Argon laser treatment of urethral stricture and vesical neck contracture. AB - The physical characteristics of the argon laser wavelength allow a precise incision with excellent hemostasis and negligible heating of adjacent tissues resulting in less scarring. These qualities are used to advantage in the treatment of strictures. The argon laser was used to perform 13 internal urethrotomies and ten vesical neck incisions. The operative method used is similar to optical internal urethrotomy. The argon probe incises hemostatically, reducing the need for extensive fulguration of tissues at the operative site and thereby reducing the tendency for more scar tissue to form and compromise the operation. The same hemostasis reduces the need for postoperative indwelling urethral catheterization. Utility of the argon device in most instances allows treatment to be conducted on an outpatient basis without general anesthesia and without use of postoperative urethral catheters, yielding an effective, cost saving therapy. PMID- 3210888 TI - Subcapsular orchiectomy using the CO2 laser: a new technique. AB - We report a technique for performing subcapsular orchiectomy using the CO2 laser. The procedure was simple and safe and was completed within 30-45 minutes in the 13 patients in whom it was carried out. Postoperative pain and swelling were minimal, and compression dressings were unnecessary. Postoperatively, the mean serum testosterone value was of castrate level. We conclude that CO2 subcapsular orchiectomy is a worthwhile addition to our surgical armory. PMID- 3210889 TI - [Characteristics of acute renal failure in older patients in cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 3210890 TI - [Reconstruction of the inferior vena cava in an experiment with a PTFE prosthesis]. PMID- 3210891 TI - [Cryptosporidiosis in children in the Zagreb area]. PMID- 3210892 TI - [Acute pancreatitis caused by a congenital choledochal cyst]. PMID- 3210893 TI - [Occlusion of the subclavian vein--a late complication of the subclavian catheter]. PMID- 3210894 TI - [Case reports of benign kidney tumors with special emphasis on oncocytomas- correlation of angiography with pathohistologic findings]. PMID- 3210895 TI - [Therapeutic systems: 2. Forms for oral administration]. PMID- 3210896 TI - [The "double J" prosthesis as a method of urinary diversion of the renal drainage system]. PMID- 3210897 TI - Genetically determined differences in ethanol sensitivity influenced by body temperature during intoxication. AB - The present study investigated the importance of body temperature during intoxication in mediating differences between five inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6J; BALB/cJ; DBA/2J; A/HeJ; 129/J) in their acute sensitivity to the hypnotic effects of ethanol. Mice exposed to 22 degrees C after ethanol injection became hypothermic and exhibited statistically significant differences between strains in rectal temperatures at the return of the righting reflex (RORR), duration of loss of the righting reflex (LORR), and blood and brain ethanol concentrations at RORR. Exposure to 34 degrees C after injection offset ethanol hypothermia and markedly reduced strain-related differences in rectal temperatures and blood and brain ethanol concentrations at RORR. Brain ethanol concentrations at RORR were significantly lower in C57, BALB, DBA and A/He mice exposed to 34 degrees C compared to mice exposed to 22 degrees C during intoxication suggesting that offsetting hypothermia increased ethanol sensitivity in these strains. Taken with previous in vitro studies, these results suggest that genetically determined differences in acute sensitivity to the behavioral effects of ethanol reflect differences in body temperature during intoxication as well as differences in sensitivity to the initial actions of ethanol at the cellular level. PMID- 3210898 TI - Effects of acute ethanol administration on nocturnal pineal serotonin N acetyltransferase activity. AB - The effect of acute ethanol administration on pineal serotonin N acetyltransferase (NAT) activity, norepinephrine and indoleamine content was examined in male rats. When ethanol was administered in two equal doses (2 g/kg body weight) over a 4 hour period during the light phase, the nocturnal rise in NAT activity was delayed by seven hours. The nocturnal pineal norepinephrine content was not altered by ethanol except for a delay in the reduction of NE with the onset of the following light phase. Although ethanol treatment led to a significant reduction in nocturnal levels of pineal serotonin content, there was no significant effect upon pineal content of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). The data indicate that ethanol delays the onset of the rise of nocturnal pineal NAT activity. PMID- 3210899 TI - Carboxy- and oxyhemoglobin in pregnant ewe and fetus after inhalation of marijuana, marijuana placebo and tobacco cigarette smoke. AB - We measured carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) and oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) percent saturations and blood gases in four near-term pregnant ewes and their fetuses, during and for 6 hours after 9-12 minutes of smoke inhalation from one high-potency marijuana cigarette (M), a marijuana placebo cigarette (P), and a reference tobacco cigarette (T). Maternal HbCO reached maximum levels at or soon after the exposure (M, 2.8%; P, 3.5%; T, 6.3% above baseline) and fell to baseline values by 6 hours. Fetal HbCO rose slowly reaching a plateau at 3 hours (M, 0.7%; P, 1.1%; T, 2.0% above baseline) which was maintained for at least three additional hours. Reductions in maternal and fetal HbO2 after exposure to marijuana placebo and reference tobacco cigarettes reflected these rises in HbCO. After exposure to marijuana cigarettes, however, fetal HbO2 dropped precipitously by 17% of baseline and showed a prolonged rate of return to presmoking HbO2 levels. Although P exposure caused a greater change in HbCO in the fetus than did M, it had a less-profound effect on fetal oxygenation. PMID- 3210900 TI - Homodimer and heterodimer forms of adult rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase. AB - Three forms of alkaline phosphatase have been isolated from different sections of the small intestine: F3 180 kDa from the duodenum; F2 150 kDa principally jejunal; F1 120 kDa the only ileal form. Their catalytic properties have been compared as well as the electrophoretic properties the dimer and monomer of their phosphorylated intermediates. Pi was a competitive inhibitor of F1 and F3, whereas glycerophosphate was competitive inhibitor only of F3. Pi was a non competitive inhibitor of F2 and of a mixture F1 plus F3. Heating the phosphorylated enzyme preparations led to their dissociation into the phosphorylated monomers: F1 and F3 appear to be homodimers 65 kDa and 90 kDa peptides respectively whilst F2 seems to be a dimer formed from one of each monomer. F1 was phosphorylated faster but less intensively than F3. F2 was strongly phosphorylated over a long time-course and its 65 kDa monomer fraction was phosphorylated more strongly for longer than that from F1. PMID- 3210901 TI - DNA adduct formation by alachlor metabolites. AB - The extent of DNA adduct formation by alachlor [ArN(CH2OCH3)C(O)CH2Cl wherein Ar is 2,6-diethylphenyl] and its metabolites is used as a guide to deduce the causal agent(s) in the carcinogenicity of this major herbicide. [14C-phenyl]Alachlor is compared to its two metabolic cleavage products, [14C-phenyl]2-chloro-N-(2,6 diethylphenyl)acetamide (CDEPA) [ArNHC(O)CH2Cl] and [14C-phenyl]2,6 diethylaniline (DEA) (ArNH2), and to [14C-methoxy]alachlor in various in vitro and in vivo systems. Horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide activate DEA, but not CDEPA or alachlor, for formation of adducts with calf thymus DNA, which probably involves 2,6-diethylnitrosobenzene (ArNO) as an intermediate. Mouse liver microsomes and NADPH are both required to enhance the binding from each labeled preparation to calf thymus DNA; 4-fold higher labeling is observed from [14C-methoxy]- than from [14C-phenyl]alachlor. This 4-fold preferential DNA labeling from the 14C-methoxy compound is likewise found in the liver of mice treated intraperitoneally. Mouse liver protein and hemoglobin are also labeled, in vivo, with [14C-phenyl]alachlor, -CDEPA and -DEA, and, as with the DNA, the labeling of these proteins is 1.5- to 2-fold higher with [14C-methoxy]alachlor. Metabolic studies indicate that ArN(CH2OCH2OH)C(O)CH2Cl is an intermediate in forming CDEPA and presumably formaldehyde in the mouse liver microsomal mixed function oxidase system and in yielding the O-glucuronide of ArN(CH2OH)C(O)CH2Cl in the urine of alachlor-treated mice. These findings point to the N-CH2OCH2OH metabolite or formaldehyde as a reactive intermediate in forming a DNA-adduct and as a candidate proximate carcinogen. PMID- 3210902 TI - Cicletanine binding to human plasma proteins and erythrocytes, a particular HSA drug interaction. AB - The binding of cicletanine to human serum, isolated proteins and red blood cells was studied in vitro by equilibrium dialysis. Our results show this drug is highly bound to serum (97.3%) at therapeutic levels. No saturation to the binding sites was seen. Human serum albumin was shown to mainly responsible for this binding (93.5%) with a saturable process characterized by one binding site with a moderate affinity (K = 75800 M-1) and a non saturable process with a low total affinity (nK = 6400 M-1). Like many basic lipophilic drugs, cicletanine showed a saturable binding to alpha-1-acid glycoprotein with one site and a moderate affinity (K = 38,800 M-1). Its binding to lipoproteins and red blood cells was weak and non saturable. Over the range of therapeutic concentrations, the unbound fraction in blood remains constant (3.6%). Moreover, interactions were studied using bilirubin and non esterified fatty acids at pathological concentrations and these endogenous compounds did not alter cicletanine binding human serum or to human serum albumin likewise cicletanine shared the diazepam-site on HSA but no inhibition could take place between cicletanine and the drugs sharing the same binding site in serum at therapeutic levels. PMID- 3210903 TI - Antagonism of ethanol-induced depression of mouse locomotor activity by hyperbaric exposure. AB - Previous studies have shown that exposure to hyperbaric helium + oxygen (HEOX) antagonizes the acute depressant effect of hypnotic doses of ethanol on rodent behavior, precipitates and exacerbates withdrawal in ethanol-dependent mice, and attenuates the development of chronic functional ethanol tolerance. The present study extends these investigations to the sub-hypnotic dose range by determining the effect of hyperbaric exposure on ethanol-induced depression of locomotor activity. Male C57BL/6J mice were given two treatments, 2.5 g/kg ethanol and saline, spaced one week apart according to a within subjects, balanced crossover design. Following injection, animals were exposed individually to 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA) air or to 1 ATA or 12 ATA HEOX inside a 15 liter hyperbaric chamber. Chamber temperatures were adjusted to offset ethanol hypothermia and the cooling effect of helium. Locomotor activity was measured continuously, beginning 10 min after injection, and recorded at prescribed intervals for 60 min. Multivariate analysis of variance of the measured activity revealed statistically significant differences between groups based on atmospheric condition, treatment, and time after injection. Within group comparisons indicated that ethanol treatment induced a significant reduction in locomotor activity in mice exposed to either 1 ATA air or 1 ATA HEOX. In contrast, ethanol-injected mice exposed to 12 ATA HEOX did not show a significant ethanol-induced decrease in locomotor activity, indicating antagonism of ethanol's effect. Hyperbaric exposure did not significantly alter blood ethanol concentrations measured 70 min after ethanol injection, thus making a pharmacokinetic explanation for these results unlikely. These findings are consistent with, and extend, previous evidence suggesting that hyperbaric exposure antagonizes molecular actions of ethanol leading to intoxication. PMID- 3210904 TI - The effect of intracerebroventricular D-ALA2 methionine enkephalinamide and naloxone on cardiovascular parameters in the cat. AB - Lathers and Schraeder (1) have shown that autonomic dysfunction is associated with epileptogenic activity induced by pentylenetetrazol while Vindrola et al (2) found increased D-ALA2 methionine-enkephalinamide (DAME) levels in the rat brain after pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptogenic activity. Thus, this study was designed to determine whether DAME could have contributed, at least in part, to the autonomic dysfunction associated with pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptogenic activity in the study of Lathers and Schraeder (1). DAME (500 micrograms/kg, icv) was given to 9 cats anesthetized with alpha chloralose. Epileptogenic activity and hypotension occurred in all cats (maximum fall ranging from 6 to 46 mmHg; duration of 6 to 35 min). In 6 cats the heart rate decreased, in 2 it increased, and in 1 it showed little or no change. The duration of heart rate changes varied from 18 to 76 min. Naloxone (100 micrograms/kg, iv) was given to 6 cats after DAME. Naloxone suppressed or abolished the epileptogenic activity in all 6 cats, reversed the DAME-induced hypotension and increased the heart rate in 3 cats, decreased it in 2, and produced no change in 1. These results indicate that DAME may produce epileptogenic activity and cardiovascular changes through an action on central opiate receptors. It is hypothesized that: 1) increased levels of DAME inhibit the release of gamma aminobutyric acid; 2) this then increases vagal bradycardia and hypotension; and 3) step 2 causes an imbalance in peripheral autonomic cardiac neural discharge which may cause arrhythmias and/or sudden unexplained death in the epileptic person. PMID- 3210905 TI - 1H-spectroscopic imaging using a modified Dixon method. AB - Inhomogeneities of the static magnetic field and the different susceptibilities of the various types of tissue are a serious problem for all imaging methods of spectral separation of fat and water. In the Dixon method this problem is solved by using the absolute values of the image signals for the separation. In image regions where the fat signal is greater than the water signal, however, this results in an incorrect assignment of the computed solutions. A modified Dixon method was developed to easily carry out the spectral separation completely over the entire image by interactively building up a phase correction matrix after the data acquisition. The spectral delineation of the fat tissue finds an interesting application in the treatment planning with fast neutrons in accounting for the increase in dose. PMID- 3210906 TI - 19F 2-FDG NMR imaging of the brain in rat. AB - Images of the rat head reflecting glucose utilization were obtained using 2 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-FDG) and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. Spatial heterogeneity of glucose utilization in the rat head was clearly demonstrated showing significantly higher glucose utilization in the brain as compared to the surrounding tissues. Although the potential adverse effects of the high doses of 2-FDG (400 mg/kg) needed to perform the study preclude immediate application of this technique to clinical quantitative glucose utilization studies, the present study shows potential for future development of glucose utilization imaging by NMR. PMID- 3210907 TI - RF interference suppression in a cardiac synchronization system operating in a high magnetic field NMR imaging system. AB - An electrocardiographic (ECG) unit suitable for cardiac-synchronized nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in high magnetic fields is presented. The unit includes lossy transmission lines as ECG leads in order to suppress radio frequency (RF) interference in the electrocardiogram. The unit's immunity to RF interference is demonstrated. PMID- 3210908 TI - Biological effects of magnetic fields: chronic exposure of the nematode Panagrellus redivivus. AB - The Panagrellus redivivus bioassay, an established monitor of adverse toxic effects of different environments, has been used to study the biological effects of exposure to static and time-varying uniform and gradient magnetic fields, and to time-varying magnetic field gradients superimposed on a static uniform magnetic field of 2.35 Tesla. Temporally stationary magnetic fields have no effect on the fitness of the test animals. Time-varying magnetic fields cause some inhibition of growth and maturation in the test populations. The combination of pulsed magnetic field gradients in a static uniform magnetic field also has a small detrimental effect on the fitness of the test animals. PMID- 3210909 TI - Femoral head avascular necrosis in sickle cell anemia: MR characteristics. AB - Since considerable expansion of hematopoietic marrow occurs in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA), magnetic resonance images of 20 hips in 10 patients with known homozygous SCA were reviewed to determine a) if low signal hematopoietic marrow extended into the femoral capital epiphysis and b) if the MR characteristics of avascular necrosis (AVN) differed depending on the type of epiphyseal marrow. Our results revealed variable epiphyseal marrow type; mixed (fatty and hematopoietic) marrow (42%), fatty marrow (32%), hematopoietic marrow (16%) and hemosiderotic marrow (10%). AVN occurred irrespective of the underlying marrow. Segmental areas of low signal intensity in variable shapes (ring, band, crescent or large homogeneous area) was the most consistent MR manifestation of AVN in SCA. A low signal intensity peripheral rim surrounding a central zone, isointense with epiphyseal marrow on T1 and T2 weighted images, was most frequently observed similar to that described in patients without hemoglobinopathy. The notable difference, however, was of segmental areas within the same femoral head that demonstrated variable central zone signal on T2 weighted images. Further, while an increase in hip joint fluid is commonly seen with both early and advanced AVN in patients without hemoglobinopathy; it was increased in only one hip in patients with SCA. The observed differences in MR characteristics may be due to different pathophysiology of AVN in patients with SCA. PMID- 3210910 TI - MRI of thorotrastoma. PMID- 3210912 TI - Legal discussions in medical literature: is there adequate peer review? PMID- 3210911 TI - Application of the maximum likelihood principle to separate exponential terms in T2 relaxation of nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 3210913 TI - More on the role of weapons in homicidal violence. PMID- 3210914 TI - Mental health care and the law in developing countries: the independent state of Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3210915 TI - Adolescent drug use and antisocial behaviour. PMID- 3210916 TI - Family conflictivity and social maladjustment. PMID- 3210917 TI - New rulings on psychiatric issues by the Supreme Court of Israel. Part I. PMID- 3210918 TI - Reproducibility of nuclear measurements in computer-assisted image analysis. PMID- 3210919 TI - Dermatophyte fungi: improved isolation in a hospital laboratory. PMID- 3210920 TI - Spectrophotometric quantitation of haemoglobin S fraction in heterozygous sickle cell trait (HbAS) PMID- 3210921 TI - Semi-automated microplate blood grouping. PMID- 3210922 TI - Monoclonal antibody production: a cost comparison. PMID- 3210923 TI - Problems encountered with a side-room bilirubinometer: the Time BB-meter model 3. PMID- 3210924 TI - A microcomputer program for analog data collection with peak analysis. PMID- 3210925 TI - Acid-fast smears: a cause of false positive reactions. PMID- 3210926 TI - Enumeration of lymphocyte sub-populations: a comparative study of whole blood and gradient centrifugation methods. PMID- 3210927 TI - Assessment of a new test ("Staphylase') for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3210928 TI - Assessment of antibiotic-sensitive, intermediate or resistant status of bacteria by agar dilution. PMID- 3210929 TI - Catheter colonisation: a laboratory model suitable for aetiological, therapeutic and preventive studies. PMID- 3210930 TI - Urinary polyamines in malignancies. PMID- 3210931 TI - Correlation between red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase level and haematological parameters. PMID- 3210932 TI - Human coagulation factor IX: direct depletion and recovery from plasma, using immobilised monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3210933 TI - Assay of bovine milk fat globule membrane antibody by a non-isotopic chemiluminescent method. PMID- 3210934 TI - Flame photometry: a simple method and reference range for erythrocyte sodium and potassium. PMID- 3210936 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen: preliminary evaluation of a latex agglutination test. PMID- 3210935 TI - The indirect antiglobulin test: a routine microplate method for antibody screening. PMID- 3210937 TI - A liquid phase enzyme antibody screening method for use with a photometric microplate haemagglutination reader. PMID- 3210938 TI - Drop in Coulter S Plus-IV white cell count. PMID- 3210939 TI - RSC issues temporary reg on "pools'. PMID- 3210940 TI - Sink or swim in the marketplace: the staff can make the difference. PMID- 3210941 TI - Professional advertising: where is it today? PMID- 3210942 TI - A guide to soft tissue management in the family practice. PMID- 3210943 TI - Helping your patients say "yes". PMID- 3210944 TI - The computer as time-saver. PMID- 3210945 TI - Marketing in the '80s. The dentist and marketing. PMID- 3210946 TI - Implied quality in products and techniques. PMID- 3210947 TI - Dental treatment coordinators: the esthetic practice's plus. PMID- 3210948 TI - Steps in selling a dental practice. PMID- 3210949 TI - Conflict in the practice: covert clash or overt opportunity? PMID- 3210950 TI - Team dentistry: a step-by-step analysis. PMID- 3210951 TI - In vivo 31P NMR studies of rat salivary glands at 6.3 tesla. AB - In vivo 31P NMR spectra of rat submandibular glands were obtained. The glands were exposed, leaving the neurovascular system intact, and placed in a solenoidal coil. Resonances of nine phosphate metabolites were identified in the spectra and metabolite concentrations were estimated from the corresponding integrals ([ATP] = 3.4 +/- 0.7 mM). Tissue pH, as deduced from the chemical shift of the inorganic phosphate resonance, was 7.26 (+/- 0.07). T1 relaxation times of ATP, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, and phosphomonoester 31P spin systems were examined. The effect of hypoxia was followed as a function of time. 31P NMR spectra of the glands have also been obtained noninvasively by the use of a surface coil, adapted to the dimensions of the glands, and depth pulses. PMID- 3210952 TI - Fast SSFP gradient echo sequence for simultaneous acquisitions of FID and echo signals. AB - Recently, the gradient echo imaging sequence in conjunction with small flip angle excitations and short repetition times has been widely used for fast NMR imaging. As the repetition time decreases to an extent comparable to the spin-spin relaxation time T2, the residual phase coherency of the transverse spin magnetization tends to form another nuclear signal which is heavily weighted by T2 and similar to a long TR/long TE spin-echo signal. This effect, although expected, has not been utilized in the conventional fast gradient echo imaging. When this residual phase coherency is utilized in conjunction with the fast SSFP (steady-state free precession) technique, both the FID and the echo signals can be obtained. In this paper, we have proposed a new technique by which simultaneous acquisitions of both the FID and the echo signals are possible. Experiments on this fast SSFP mode imaging have shown that the FID signal is T1 weighted while the echo signal is strongly T2-weighted. The flip angle optimal for maximizing signal and related contrast are also studied in conjunction with the proposed sequence and the experimental results are presented. PMID- 3210953 TI - Delivery of nitroxide spin label to cultured cells by liposomes. AB - The positively charged nitroxide spin label, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N oxyl-4-trimethylammonium (Cat1), was encapsulated in two types of liposomes, phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine (PS/PC) and phosphatidylserine/distearoylphosphatidylcholine/dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline (PS/DSPC/DPPC). The liposomes were incubated with mouse thymus-bone marrow (TB) cells to study the uptake and metabolism of nitroxides entrapped in liposomes. The effects of temperature, metabolic inhibitors, and fixation of cells were investigated. The results indicate that different mechanisms are involved in the uptake of these two types of liposomes. PS/PC liposomes interact predominantely with the plasma membrane of TB cells and release Cat1 continuously, whereas the majority of PS/DSPC/DPPC liposomes are taken into the cells intact via endocytosis. These findings suggest that it may be possible to deliver nitroxides selectively, either to the membrane of cells or to their interior by manipulating the lipid composition of the liposomes. This study also found that the rate of reduction of Cat1 delivered using liposomes was increased under hypoxic conditions. Thus, the use of liposomes for in vivo delivery of nitroxides has the potential to provide NMR contrast that reflects different metabolic conditions. PMID- 3210954 TI - The center-tapped slotted tube autotransformer resonator: a coil for use with a high-resolution small animal imaging system. AB - A radiofrequency (rf) coil design based on a slotted tube resonator which allows high-resolution imaging of the rodent brain with excellent anatomic definition on a standard G.E. CSI II 2.0-T MR imaging unit with no modification of existing apparatus is described. The coil is easily constructed and permits very rapid tuning to different loading conditions, allowing a high sample throughput. PMID- 3210955 TI - Stability constants for Gd3+ binding to model DTPA-conjugates and DTPA-proteins: implications for their use as magnetic resonance contrast agents. AB - Five DTPA-amide and ester derivatives have been synthesized and their Gd3+ stability constants have been measured using a simple spectrophotometric method. These results are compared to stability constants measured for Gd3+ binding to two different DTPA-conjugated proteins. Although the thermodynamic constants for Gd3+ binding to DTPA-monopropylamide and DTPA-monopropylester relative to Gd(DTPA)2- decrease by log K = 2.6 and 3.4, respectively, the blood pH conditional constants differ from Gd(DTPA)2- only by log K = 1.2 and 1.9, respectively. The corresponding dipropylamide and ester conjugates of DTPA show considerably lower thermodynamic and conditional constants. This has important implications in the covalent attachment of chelates to macromolecules for use in magnetic resonance imaging. The measured binding constants for Gd(DTPA)-IgG and Gd(DTPA)-BSA suggest that many of the DTPA molecules in these systems, prepared under our experimental conditions, are disconjugated. The model compound results indicate that it is important to use methods in attaching DTPA to macromolecules which preclude dionjugation of the chelate. Otherwise, their affinity for Gd3+ and consequently their usefulness as MRI contrast agents may be severely compromised. PMID- 3210956 TI - Number of inner-sphere water molecules in Gd3+ and Eu3+ complexes of DTPA-amide and -ester conjugates. AB - The inner-sphere water coordination number for Eu3+ and Gd3+ complexed with five DTPA analogs, in which one or two terminal carboxylate groups are functionalized as propyl amides or propyl esters, have been studied using phosphorescence lifetime and nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) measurements. Both methods show that the water coordination number does not increase above that observed for the analogous DTPA complexes. The phosphorescence lifetime results indicate that all five Eu3+ complexes have one inner-sphere water molecule at 25 degrees C. The NMRD profiles for three of the Gd3+ complexes at 25 degrees C are also consistent with one inner-sphere water molecule, whereas two complexes have profiles consistent only with a mixture of complexes, 50% containing a single water molecule and 50% with none. Lowering the temperature alters the population of these species such that all five Gd3+ complexes have significantly less bound water on average at 5 degrees C. These results explain the anomalous temperature dependencies of the NMRD curves reported previously for the Gd(DTPA)-protein conjugates. We suggest that the Gd(DTPA)-conjugate systems have a fluxional coordination sphere whereby the amount of inner-sphere coordinated water varies from near zero at 5 degrees C to a high of two near 37 degrees C. PMID- 3210957 TI - Quantitative NMR measurements of hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging was employed to study 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and seven healthy elderly control subjects. Coronal sections were used to make volumetric measurements of the hippocampus, ventricles, subarachnoid space, and brain parenchyma. The hippocampal volume (normalized relative to the size of the lenticular nucleus) was reduced by 40% in the AD group compared to the controls, with no overlap between the two groups. Overall measures of brain atrophy and ventricular and sulcal enlargement also showed significantly different group means, although with overlap between the two groups. Hippocampal atrophy did not correlate with either overall brain atrophy or dementia severity, although the degree of brain atrophy was correlated with dementia severity. These results show that NMR is capable of providing in vivo quantification of diminished hippocampal size in AD which is not correlated with overall brain atrophy and which may differentiate AD from normal aging. PMID- 3210958 TI - Rapid 31P NMR test of liver function. AB - The 31P NMR spectrum of perfused rat liver was found to be dependent on the exogenous carbon available to the tissue. When pyruvate was supplied to liver initially perfused with lactate, Pi decreased, phosphoenol pyruvate and phosphomonoesters increased, and nucleotide pools remained the same. It is proposed that these changes can be used to evaluate liver function. PMID- 3210959 TI - Boron-11 MRI and MRS of intact animals infused with a boron neutron capture agent. AB - Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) depends on the delivery of boron-containing drugs to a targeted lesion. Currently, the verification and quantification of in vivo boron content is a difficult problem. Boron-11 spectroscopy was utilized to confirm the presence of a dimeric sulfhydryl dodecaborane BNCT agent contained in an intact animal. Spectroscopy experiments revealed that the decay time of transverse magnetization of the boron-11 spins was less than 1 ms which precluded the use of a 2DFT imaging protocol. A back-projection protocol was developed and utilized to generate the first boron-11 image of a BNCT agent in the liver of an intact Fisher 344 rat. PMID- 3210960 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of auditory fatigue on the human ear by auditory brain stem responses (ABR). I. Effect of auditory fatigue on temporary threshold shifts of ABR]. AB - The effects of auditory fatigue on auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were investigated in 23 normal-hearing subjects. ABR was recorded before and after exposure to fatiguing noise. Behaviourally, the auditory fatigue was tested using a temporary threshold shifts (TTS) paradigm. The latency of waves I, III, V and interwave intervals I-III, III-V, I-V were analysed as functions of stimulus intensity. In post-exposure recordings a threshold elevation, significant increase of all waves latency, increase of interwave-interval III-V at 40,50,60 dB nHL and unaltered intervals I-III, I-V were observed. PMID- 3210961 TI - [Principles of the diagnosis and medical prevention of lead poisoning]. AB - The report deals with methods of diagnosing and medical certification of industrial lead poisoning, with regard to WHO recommendations and legal guidelines issued by the Chief Sanitary Officer in Poland. The problems considered involve the procedures of collecting information on the level of occupational exposure to lead, anamnesis and physical examination, analytical indices of lead exposure and early symptoms of biological response to lead absorption. In addition, the report presents a clinical classification of lead related health disorders, range of preventive examinations and principles of work -fitness certification. PMID- 3210962 TI - [Clinical picture of dentition, periodontium and mouth mucosa in pharmaceutical industry workers]. AB - The studies involved 94 workers of one of pharmaceutical plants producing sulphonamides, aspirin, and psychotropic drugs. The subjects exhibited higher rate of stomatopathies, as compared to controls. The greatest exposure to hazards occurred at the Division of Sulphonamides where numerous cases of leukoplakia and oral mucosa inflammation, probably of allergic origin, were noted. The need for a better dental care for workers, especially within adaptation to environmental conditions was pointed out. PMID- 3210963 TI - [Effect of work performed by pregnant women on birth weight and fetal hypotrophy]. AB - The studies have been aimed at evaluation of the effects of occupational and non occupational work on foetal maturity and foetal intrauterine hypotrophy. The studies involved 17,134 women who gave birth to 17,324 newborns. The parturients have been divided into 5 groups: I--mental workers, II--physical workers, III- housewives, IV--farmers, V--peasant working also as labourers. The highest percentage of low birth weight newborns was found in peasant-labourers--16.96, housewives--12.42, and physical workers--11.77. PMID- 3210964 TI - [Causes of absenteeism not related to illness--model analysis]. AB - The study carried out at the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz promoted an analysis of the impact of many non-disease-related factors--such as demographic, economic, social and living conditions, as well as working environment--on sickness absenteeism rates. The analysis was based on empirical data collected in one of electronic industry plants. The analysis of sickness absenteeism causes involved cause-effect models estimated by multivariate regression. The models were constructed for men and women aged up to 29, 30-39, 40-49, over 50, and total. Two parameters served as variables of absenteeism: number of absenteeism days in a given year and average duration of absenteeism case. Explanatory variables in particular models were selected from many non disease-related variables. Multiple correlation coefficients indicated at the p = 0.05 significance level--a statistically significant correlation between the adopted explanatory variables and the variable being explained in every model. The results of estimation of particular models indicate that in the absenteeism of men and women alike, workers' health self-evaluation is essential and affects workers absenteeism in younger groups and totally. This variable significantly affects men and women's absenteeism rates exerting effects on the duration of absenteeism cases, thus also through the severity of diseases. Other variables determining--in the statistically significant way--sickness absenteeism involve: length of employment, influencing men and women's absenteeism in elder age, and occupational exposure to some hazards, which refers mainly to women. In addition, the studies demonstrated that the average duration of a disease is largely connected with workers' age. PMID- 3210965 TI - [Effect of age on the activity of hepatic mixed function oxidases in female rats]. AB - Female Wistar rats aged 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 540 days were tested. The rough and smooth microsomes fraction of the liver were tested for protein, cytochromes P 450 and b5 contents as well as for NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and two monooxygenases activity. Cytochrome P-450 and b5 contents and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity were increasing up to the age of 60 but aniline hydroxylase--up to the age of 15 days. NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity exhibited a gradual decreasing trend with age. In senescent animals (540 days) the contents of cytochromes and monooxygenases activity were lower but NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity was higher, as compared to young rats. PMID- 3210966 TI - [Status of the nervous system and bioelectric activity of the brain in dry cleaning plant workers exposed to tetrachloroethylene]. AB - The studies covered 87 women and 44 men--workers of chemical laundries exposed to tetrachloroethylene (PER). About 50% of subjects were exposed, at the beginning of their employment, to trichloroethylene (TRI). In clinical examinations neuroses prevailed. The objective examination revealed disturbances of the vegetative system and symptoms of organic lesions of the central nervous system in form of encephalopathy. The EEG tests indicated paroxysmal lesions, usually with unaltered basic activities. Analysis of the rate of neurological lesions and EEG implied that the TRI-exposure at the beginning of employment did not have any significant effect on the clinical picture. PMID- 3210967 TI - Comparison of the chemotactic behaviour of Rhizobium leguminosarum with and without the nodulation plasmid. AB - The chemotactic behaviour of a strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae was investigated. The flavanoids apigenin and naringenin, inducers of transcription of the nodulation (nod) genes, were both potent attractants but hesperitin, another flavone nod gene inducer, was not. The response of strains containing the Sym plasmid pRL1Jl to apigenin and naringenin was significantly greater than the response of a strain cured of the plasmid, although both strains gave a positive response. Addition of the flavanol kaempferol, an antagonist of nod gene induction, had no detectable effect on the chemotactic response to naringenin or apigenin, but was itself found to be an attractant. The attractant response to a variety of amino acids and sugars was not affected by the presence of the Sym plasmid. Homoserine, the most abundant nitrogenous compound in legume exudates, was also found to be an attractant. However, although the Sym plasmid is required for the biovar to metabolize homoserine as a carbon source, it was not required for the chemotactic response. A group of membrane proteins showed increased methylation in response to stimulation with serine. There was no measurable change in methylation after stimulation with apigenin. PMID- 3210968 TI - Molecular cloning of a Salmonella typhi LT-like enterotoxin gene. AB - Diarrhoea is a common event during typhoid fever; nevertheless, the possible participation of a diarrhoea-inducing enterotoxin has not been described (Roy et al., 1985). Recombinant bacteriophage lambda FDC1 was isolated from a genomic library of Salmonella typhi, the causal agent of typhoid fever, by screening with a probe for the B subunit gene of the heat-labile, cholera-like, Escherichia coli enterotoxin (LT). Lambda FDC1 codes for an enterotoxin that causes secretion in rat ileal loops, that elongates Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, that is recognized by antibodies against LT, and does not bind in vitro to ganglioside GM1. These results should allow further studies towards elucidating a possible role for the S. typhi enterotoxin in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. PMID- 3210969 TI - Time course of priming for associate and inference words in a discourse context. PMID- 3210970 TI - Semantic priming, prime reportability, and retroactive priming are interdependent. PMID- 3210971 TI - Functional aspects of recollective experience. PMID- 3210972 TI - Color blend retrievals: compromise memories or deliberate compromise responses? PMID- 3210973 TI - Recognition and recall of invisible objects. PMID- 3210974 TI - The consequences for memory of imagining in another person's voice. PMID- 3210975 TI - Task complexity and age differences in working memory. PMID- 3210976 TI - Processing resources and age differences in working memory. PMID- 3210977 TI - Absence of the set-size effect in memory-search tasks in the absence of a preprobe delay. PMID- 3210979 TI - Developing an instrument to assess infant breastfeeding behaviour in the early neonatal period. PMID- 3210978 TI - Asymmetries in processing horizontal and vertical dimensions. PMID- 3210980 TI - Women's views of communication during labour and delivery. PMID- 3210981 TI - Racial grouping and women's experience of giving birth in hospital. PMID- 3210982 TI - American nurse-midwifery: a task analysis approach to assessment of professional practice. PMID- 3210983 TI - Unplanned pregnancies at antenatal clinic. PMID- 3210984 TI - The role of the father. PMID- 3210985 TI - Can physicians 'risk' avoiding risk management? PMID- 3210986 TI - Cooperation is the key to solving rural physician shortage. PMID- 3210987 TI - Thinking beyond the numbers: AIDS education and our mission. PMID- 3210988 TI - AIDS Speakers Bureau--activities update. PMID- 3210989 TI - Physicians' attitudes about AIDS vary, MSMS survey reveals. PMID- 3210990 TI - MSMS committee keeps physicians in touch with gov't. PMID- 3210991 TI - Physicians to face new, complex health, life insurance rules. PMID- 3210992 TI - It's up to physicians to keep their licenses current. PMID- 3210994 TI - Nursing organizations propose solutions to the shortage. PMID- 3210993 TI - New law preserves physicians' right to distribute drug samples. PMID- 3210995 TI - Descriptive studies: what's going on here? Putting the search back in the research! PMID- 3210996 TI - Rapid preparation of samples for compositional sugar analysis of the "degraded polysaccharide" fraction of lipopolysaccharides from Vibrio cholerae. AB - A simple and rapid method was devised for direct isolation and fractionation of the "degraded polysaccharide" (DPS) fraction of O-antigenic (or endotoxic) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) directly from heat-killed Vibrio cholerae (O1 and non O1) cells without separating the LPS. Neither phenol-water extraction nor ultracentrifuge is needed in this method. V. cholerae NIH 41 was used as standard. The cells (3-5 g wet weight) were heated in 5% acetic acid at 100 C for 1.5 hr. The acetic acid extract obtained as the supernatant by centrifugation was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, and the resultant residue was dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water. The solution was mixed with 2 volumes of acetone, and the supernatant obtained by centrifugation was mixed with 5 volumes of acetone and centrifuged. Fraction Sed. II was recovered as the precipitate, while the supernatant was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, yielding fraction Sup. III. Sed. II had a sugar composition that was identical, at least qualitatively, to that of DPS isolated from LPS of the corresponding strain except for the absence of a fructose component in the case of V. cholerae NIH 41, while instead Sup. III from V. cholerae NIH 41 contained fructose. PMID- 3210997 TI - Iron and transferrin uptake by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Iron (Fe) and transferrin (TF) uptake by human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin was measured. Pulses of 59FeTF or 125I-TF were added to the cultures either at time 0 or 8 hr before the end of a 72-hr incubation. In time-course experiments, peak iron and transferrin uptake coincided with the peak of tritiated thymidine uptake taken as a measure of cellular activation. Iron, but not transferrin, was accumulated by the cells. Non linear relationships existed between both iron and transferrin uptake and the degree of activation. Both rose markedly above basal levels only at a level of activation at least 50% of the maximum observed. The results suggest that although iron utilization is related to cellular activity, the uptake mechanism is only activated when an increased iron metabolism has exhausted internal stores. PMID- 3210998 TI - A new Salmonella serovar S.III b 58:z10:z53:Rz50. AB - A new Salmonella serovar S.III b 58:z10:z53:Rz50 was isolated from the water samples of Ashida river, Fukuyama city, Japan. Its antigenic structure is described. PMID- 3210999 TI - An introduction to your stay in hospital. PMID- 3211000 TI - Midwives' clinic appraisal. PMID- 3211001 TI - The Belfast baby fair. PMID- 3211002 TI - Parenthood education--where are we now? PMID- 3211003 TI - Parentcraft for single girls. PMID- 3211004 TI - Good Hope maternity unit's Grandparents Open Weekend Fayre. PMID- 3211005 TI - New technology and managing change. PMID- 3211006 TI - Implementing a maternity computer system. PMID- 3211007 TI - [Utilization of 3-chlorobenzoic acid by a mixed culture of microorganisms]. AB - A mixed microbial culture (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus INMI-KZ-3 and Alcaligenes faecalis INMI-KZ-5) completely utilises 3-chlorobenzoic acid (3-CBA), and the liberation of chlorine atoms is 100% of the theoretically possible one. A. faecalis growth in the mixed culture at the account of 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconic acid which is accumulated in the course of 3-CBA metabolism by A. calcoaceticus INMI-KZ-3. PMID- 3211008 TI - [Comparative study of different variants of Actinomyces roseoflavus producing the polyene antibiotic roseofungin]. AB - The respiration chain in the membranes of whole Actinomyces roseoflavus (var. roseofungini) cells from the parent and secondary cultures is sensitive to KCN, non-sensitive to Triton X-100 treatment removing the antibiotic roseofungin from the cells, and has a very high for the bacteria respiration control. When the cells are in contact with atomic tritium at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, roseofungin is tritiated and binds to A. roseoflavus isolated membranes and whole cells, mostly to those of the parent culture as compared to the secondary culture. A fraction of membranes which lost NADH dehydrogenase in the course++ of purification was isolated from the cells disintegrated in the frozen state. PMID- 3211009 TI - [Use of sensitivity to antibiotics produced by representatives of the genera Williopsis and Zygowilliopsis in the identification of yeasts]. AB - Yeast strains belonging to the genera Candida and Hansenula were shown to differ in their susceptibility to the action of protein antibiotics produced by the yeasts Williopsis and Zygowilliopsis. This finding can be used as an additional criterion for yeast identification. PMID- 3211010 TI - [Light optical and electron microscopic study of the microflora of the parchment of an ancient Greek manuscript]. AB - The microflora of an ancient Greek manuscript parchment was studied using different microscopic techniques. The manuscript was found to be infected with a large number of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and with occasional micromycetes. The localisation of cells in the parchment was established, and the information was obtained pertinent to the functional state and the ultrastructural organisation of bacteria, as well as to the character of their interaction with the structural elements of the parchment. PMID- 3211011 TI - [Bacteria reducing chromium in nature and in effluents of industrial plants]. AB - Bacteria capable of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) reduction can be found in Cr6+ containing sewage and sediments of purification tanks of industrial plants. They cannot be detected in water and soil samples containing no chromium compounds. Bacteria reducing chromium belong to the genera Aeromonas, Escherichia, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter. Their activity of Cr6+ reduction correlates with the high resistance to the elevated content of this ion in the medium. The fine cell structure of these bacteria is described. PMID- 3211012 TI - [Characteristics of the methane fermentation of waste of animal husbandry complexes with respect to the biomass of microorganisms and volatile fatty acids]. AB - The content of microbial biomass and the concentration of volatile fatty acids were comparatively studied in the tanks where the waste products of three stock farms were subjected to methane fermentation. The biomass content was shown to vary from 19 to 30% of the dry matter weight and the concentration of volatile fatty acids from 0 to 4.5 g per litre. The low concentrations of acetic and propionic acids together with the high biomass content were indicative of an active balanced microbial association. The parameters can be used to assess the operation of methane fermentation tanks. PMID- 3211013 TI - Reflections on the pathogenesis of optic (retrobulbar) neuritis in multiple sclerosis. AB - The conditions which lead to a plaque of demyelination in the retrobulbar optic nerve are discussed. Growth of the plaque occurs along venules as small fingerlike sleeves which develop outwards from the contour of the plaque. This occurs slowly and at intervals; the very gradually expanding lesion remain for a long time clinically silent. It is here postulated that the change to clinical disease is induced if cells digesting myelin debris settle in a more distal part of the perivascular space of a vein, than during the subclinical phase. In sufficient numbers these cells will impede the movement of molecules from extra cellular fluid surrounding nodes of Ranvier into cerebrospinal fluid. A restriction in this vital drainage pathway results in oedema causing disturbed signal transmission in neurons passing through the veins drainage territory. Depending on intensity this can induce the characteristics symptom of blurred vision. These concepts have been used to speculate on sequential changes in neurons and to relate them to various phases of the disease. This seems to be justified as the pattern evolved corresponds well with the clinical symptomatology. PMID- 3211014 TI - The possible role of substances inhibiting protein synthesis on the treatment of the spongiform encephalopathies. AB - The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are probably caused by infectious proteinaceous agents called prions. It is suggested that these encephalopathies may be amenable to treatment by substances which inhibit protein synthesis. PMID- 3211015 TI - Immunoregulation of luteolysis. AB - It is proposed that the immune/inflammatory system plays a yet unrecognized role in the mechanics of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha-induced luteal regression. Eosinophils are specifically attracted into luteal tissues and activated to degranulate (i.e. secrete cytotoxins) before symptoms of luteolysis are manifested (sheep). Further, because eosinophils are often associated with tissue reactions involving antigen-antibody binding, it is hypothesized that a luteal cell antigen could be expressed/unmasked as a result of the action of PGF2 alpha. Identification of the antigen by an appropriate autoantibody (e.g. complement fixing) is an alternative mode by which cellular destruction can be mediated. Sialic acid residues that coat the surface of luteal membranes might act as a protective agent to autoimmune recognition. The hypothesis that luteolysis comprises an autoimmune reaction is extended to indicate that rescue of the corpus luteum from regression during early pregnancy involves a local immunosuppressive mechanism. PMID- 3211016 TI - Susceptibility in Parkinson's disease. 'Of mice and men'. AB - Nowadays, a substantial amount of clinical and experimental research is directed to the role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. On the other hand epidemiologic studies elicited the role of cytochrome P-450 and exposure to MPTP-analogues (such as paraquat) in the prevalence of this disease. Until now the relation between these two findings was not clear. In this paper a hypothesis is presented linking the present data on susceptibility towards Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3211017 TI - Origin of mutation in neoplasia. AB - A hypothesis is presented relating the origin of somatic mutation in neoplasia to intrinsic rates of mitotic error. This implies that the environmental agents which are significant in clinical neoplasia are promoters and mitogenic. The tumorigenic mutations may involve genes which are important in cellular differentiation and senescence of dividing cells. PMID- 3211018 TI - The role of oxygen in toxic shock syndrome. AB - The etiology of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) has been extensively investigated in recent years. It is generally accepted that the causative organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Certain strains of this bacterium produce one or more toxins which are thought to be responsible for the symptoms associated with TSS. There is no general agreement, however, as to why menstruating women who use tampons are of particular risk for developing this disease. More recently, TSS has also been associated with the use of absorbent contraceptive sponges. In this paper I will present evidence that the introduction of oxygen into the vaginal cavity during tampon insertion is responsible in part for the development of TSS. Furthermore, I will discuss several methods for the safe removal of this exogenous oxygen. PMID- 3211019 TI - Is RA27/3 rubella immunization a cause of chronic fatigue? AB - Patients with chronic fatigue syndromes (primary fibrositis syndrome, major affective disorder, etc.) have elevated IgG serum antibodies to multiple common viruses. Only IgG rubella antibodies are positively correlated with the intensity of symptoms and have a height that is clearly significant compared to healthy controls. The lymphotropic properties of the rubella virus could account for the multiple elevated antibodies. Adult women are over-represented in the population of patients with chronic fatigue, and are especially susceptible to developing such symptoms following exposure to attenuated rubella virus. A new more potent strain of live rubella vaccine (strain RA27/3) was introduced in 1979. Within three years reports of patients with chronic fatigue began surfacing in the literature. Considering all this, the possible role of rubella immunization in the etiology of chronic fatigue syndromes deserves further study. PMID- 3211020 TI - Biochemical diagnosis of genetic disorders of the osseous skeleton. AB - Genetic diseases of the skeletal system are difficult to accurately diagnose. Changes in the chemical structure of collagen significantly modify the structure of collagen in bone. The ratio of collagen hydration to hydroxylation reflects specific features of the collagen structure. The hypothesis proposes to use this ratio in the diagnosis of diseases of the skeleton. PMID- 3211021 TI - The importance of the concept of vigilance for psychophysiological research. AB - The variety of meanings nowadays attached to the notion of "vigilance" essentially conceals H. Head's object in view when introducing the term more than half a century ago. It may be supposed that a major reason for the existing confusion is that Head failed to distinguish explicitly between "vigilance" as a force, i.e., a reorganizing power ("vital activity") on the one hand and as a system's state ("state of the nervous system") established by the action of the reorganizing power, on the other. We try to explain that the original intention of "vigilance" is compatible with recently elaborated proposals according to which living systems have to be regarded as organizationally closed. Rather than regarding an organism only alternatively, i.e., either as organizational closed (alive) or open (dead), "vigilance" implies a graduated description according to the state of order which has actually been realized by "vigilance". PMID- 3211023 TI - [Hormones--never viewed in isolation]. PMID- 3211022 TI - Hyperglycemia exacerbates brain damage in acute severe carbon monoxide poisoning. AB - It is hypothesized that hyperglycemia naturally induced by stress and/or produced by intravenous trauma therapy adversely effects neurologic outcome following acute severe carbon monoxide poisoning, and the higher the blood glucose the greater the degree of brain dysfunction. Increased availability of glucose presumably increases cerebral glycolytic flux, and elevates intracellular and interstitial lactate level, which in turn induces acidosis and edema, resulting in brain damage. In a retrospective study of blood glucose and other data obtained from patients upon hospital admission for CO poisoning, a mean value of 409 mg/dL was associated with "brain death", a value of 215 mg/dL with "minimal to substantial brain damage," and a value of 165 mg/dL with "normal" recovery. PMID- 3211024 TI - [Earache]. PMID- 3211026 TI - [Cytologic diagnosis of thyroid gland disease at the Endocrinology Clinic in Novi Sad]. PMID- 3211025 TI - [The effect of detergents on the histoenzyme characteristics of the adrenal glomerular zone]. PMID- 3211028 TI - [Psychological aspects of therapy resistance in diabetic patients]. PMID- 3211027 TI - [Rheumatic fever and Yersinia reactive arthritis--differential diagnosis]. PMID- 3211029 TI - [The significance of dysmorphic erythrocytes in urinary sediment in differentiating glomerular from non-glomerular hematuria]. PMID- 3211030 TI - [Morphofunctional changes in small intestine mucosa in normovolemic shock]. PMID- 3211031 TI - [Folliculitis decalvans]. PMID- 3211032 TI - [Neuron specific enolase (ESA) as a marker of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 3211033 TI - [Felty's syndrome (with a case report)]. PMID- 3211034 TI - [Treatment of obesity using a gastric balloon]. PMID- 3211035 TI - [Prevention of dental caries: possible effects of molybdenum and zinc]. PMID- 3211036 TI - [The role of congenital and hereditary defects in the mortality of hospitalized children in Sombor]. PMID- 3211037 TI - [Use of diltiazem (Cortiazem Retard) in patients with post-infarction angina pectoris]. PMID- 3211038 TI - [Diagnosis of early neurologic disorders and diseases in development]. PMID- 3211039 TI - [Hepatitis B viral infection and alcoholic liver damage]. PMID- 3211040 TI - [Affective respiratory spasms in children]. PMID- 3211041 TI - The optimization of pencil beam widths for use in an electron pencil beam algorithm. AB - Pencil beam algorithms for the calculation of electron beam dose distributions have come into widespread use. These algorithms, however, have generally exhibited difficulties in reproducing dose distributions for small field dimensions or, more specifically, for those conditions in which lateral scatter equilibrium does not exist. The work described here has determined that this difficulty can arise from the manner in which the width of the pencil beam is calculated. A unique approach for determining the pencil beam widths required to accurately reproduce small field dose distributions in a homogeneous phantom is described and compared with measurements and the results of other calculations. This method has also been extended to calculate electron beam dose distributions in heterogeneous media and the results of this work are presented. Suggestions for further improvements are discussed. PMID- 3211042 TI - Application of Fermi scattering theory to a magnetically scanned electron linear accelerator. AB - This paper uses a solution to the Fermi electron transport equation for an isotropic point source to characterize the magnetically scanned broad electron beams from the Sagittaire Therac 40 accelerator in the air space above patients. Thick lead collimation is shown to be adequately modeled by an infinitely thin absorbing plate when used to predict penumbra shape. A relationship between broad beam penumbra width and the value of the root-mean-square spatial Gaussian spread sigma (z) of an elementary pencil beam is derived. This relationship is applicable for any rectangular field size. Measurement of the variation in broad beam penumbra width with source-surface distance (SSD) for a 7-MeV beam locates the isotropic source to be coincident with the exit window of the accelerator and indicates that the scattering effect of the monitor chamber may be considered negligibly small. Using this source location accurate predictions of beam profile shape for any clinically used beam energy, SSD, or field size are made in the presence of lead trimmer collimation. Field penumbra beyond the photon collimation system is formed in each lateral direction by two lead blocks whose faces are aligned along a diverging ray emanating from the source. The photon collimator closest to the source restricts the field size causing a variation of both fluence and the mean square angle spread of the electrons across the plane at the level of the lower collimator. This variation is accounted for by introducing an empirical perturbation factor into the mathematical formalism. An interesting feature of this perturbation factor is that it is field size dependent and its effect on penumbra width may be scaled for both beam energy and SSD to accurately predict beam profile shape. PMID- 3211043 TI - Calculation of dose profiles in homogeneous phantoms for irregular, partially attenuated, photon beams. AB - Measured and calculated dose profiles under partial attenuators which cover only part of the radiation beam are presented. The study was performed for x-ray beams generated with a 4-MV linear accelerator at a source-surface distance of 120 cm in a water phantom for lead attenuators of arbitrary shape but constant thickness. Dose correction factors, which are used to multiply the open beam data to predict doses under partial attenuators, depend strongly on attenuator parameters, such as its thickness, lateral dimensions, and distance from phantom or patient surface, in addition to depending on depths in the phantom. The dose correction factors are calculated with Clarkson sector integration techniques, and the results, in spite of the simplifying assumptions used in the algorithm, generally agree with measured data to within 3%. The calculational method therefore may be applied to general clinical situations in which partial attenuators are used. PMID- 3211044 TI - Therapy imaging: source sizes of radiotherapy beams. AB - We have developed a novel method, which employs large lead collimators and computed tomography reconstruction techniques, to measure the intensity distributions of x-ray sources of radiotherapy devices. Using this method, we have measured the intensity distributions of x-ray sources from 60Co, 6-, 18-, and 25-MV radiotherapy devices. The x-ray sources of the accelerators were all elliptical in shape, but varied in eccentricity, and the sizes of the accelerator sources varied from 0.7 to 3.3 mm full width at half-maximum. The 60Co source was circular in shape and 20 mm in diameter, however, the output from this source was not uniform across its face. The modulation transfer functions (MTF's) (at the image plane) calculated for the accelerator sources, assuming an image magnification of 1.2, had similar magnitudes at low spatial frequencies as the MTF's of the metal plate/film detectors commonly used for therapy imaging. However, the source MTF's declined much more rapidly at high spatial frequencies. Therefore, for geometries commonly found in radiotherapy, the loss in spatial resolution due to the x-ray source was at least equal to that caused by electron and photon scatter within the metal plate/film detectors. PMID- 3211045 TI - Evaluation of a photon and an electron beam of a 6-MV linear accelerator. AB - The first Mitsubishi medical linear accelerator in the United States was commissioned in April 1985. This unit EXL-8 (marketed by Mitsubishi International Corporation) produces 8-MeV electron beams in addition to 6-MV x rays. It is a 100-cm source-axis distance isocentric machine. Acceptance testing and performance evaluation of this accelerator were completed. Our measurements included beam characteristics and dosimetry parameters for both modalities. Central axis % depth dose (% DD), tissue-maximum ratio, field size output factors, wedge factors, etc., for this Linac 6-MV beam, are reported. Characteristics of the 8-MeV electron beam, namely % DD data, isodose curves, and cone ratios for various electron applicators are presented. PMID- 3211046 TI - Radiation contamination and leakage assessment of intraoperative electron applicators. AB - In intraoperative radiation therapy, it is critical to reduce the radiation contamination outside the useful field by as much as physically feasible. Additionally, a uniform dose is clinically desirable across the tumor volume. A study of the Medical College of Ohio applicators indicates that the radiation contamination outside the field can be as high as 18% of the central axis dose. The effects of the photon collimator setting on the magnitude and energy of the radiation contamination are discussed and means are presented for reducing this unwanted radiation. The dose nonuniformity across the field is found to be virtually independent of the photon collimator setting and is shown to be mostly due to the transparent applicator wall. The clinical significance of the findings is discussed. PMID- 3211047 TI - A new method of computing spin-lattice relaxation maps in magnetic resonance imaging using fast scanning protocols. AB - A new algorithm to compute spin-lattice relaxation (T1) maps in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by using fast imaging protocols and monitoring the magnetization evolution towards a steady state is proposed. This algorithm uses a general least-squares fit to multiple point experimental data and is thus much more precise than the standard two-point fit. Since this imaging protocol is designed to consume time comparable to that of standard clinical protocols, it has an advantage in comparison to traditional multiple point protocols, which require considerably longer scanning times. In addition to T1 maps the protocol can generate final images suitable for clinical diagnosis. Thus it is possible to generate relaxation data without considerably lengthening the total required MRI study time. The results of phantom testing of this protocol are reported. PMID- 3211048 TI - Influence of magnetic resonance imaging on human body core and intravascular temperature. AB - Deep and superficial body temperatures were measured by in vitro and in vivo experiments, using a fluoroptic procedure and a variety of magnetic and electromagnetic fields, in the course of magnetic resonance imaging (0.35 T; 1.5 T). In vitro experiments were performed to select and check the appropriate temperature method. Temperature measurements in the human body were carried out centrally (esophageal and rectal measurements). In vivo experiments in 30 volunteers showed no significant changes (p = 0.05) in central or peripheral temperatures resulting from the application of static or dynamic fields or radiofrequency. PMID- 3211049 TI - X-ray scatter removal by deconvolution. AB - The distribution of scattered x rays detected in a two-dimensional projection radiograph at diagnostic x-ray energies is measured as a function of field size and object thickness at a fixed x-ray potential and air gap. An image intensifier TV based imaging system is used for image acquisition, manipulation, and analysis. A scatter point spread function (PSF) with an assumed linear, spatially invariant response is modeled as a modified Gaussian distribution, and is characterized by two parameters describing the width of the distribution and the fraction of scattered events detected. The PSF parameters are determined from analysis of images obtained with radio-opaque lead disks centrally placed on the source side of a homogeneous phantom. Analytical methods are used to convert the PSF into the frequency domain. Numerical inversion provides an inverse filter that operates on frequency transformed, scatter degraded images. Resultant inverse transformed images demonstrate the nonarbitrary removal of scatter, increased radiographic contrast, and improved quantitative accuracy. The use of the deconvolution method appears to be clinically applicable to a variety of digital projection images. PMID- 3211050 TI - Best estimate of luminal cross-sectional area of coronary arteries from angiograms. AB - We have reexamined the problem of estimating the luminal area of an elliptically shaped coronary artery cross section from two or more radiographic diameter measurements. The expected error is found to be much smaller than the maximum potential error. In the cases of two orthogonal views, closed form expressions have been derived for calculating the area and the uncertainty. Assuming that the underlying ellipse has limited ellipticity (major/minor axis ratio less than five), it is shown that the average uncertainty in the area is less than 14%. When more than two views are available, we suggest using a least-squares fit method to extract all available information from the data. PMID- 3211051 TI - Localization of inter-rib spaces for lung texture analysis and computer-aided diagnosis in digital chest images. AB - An automated method for sampling lung textures in digital posterior/anterior chest images is being developed for use in computer-aided diagnosis of interstitial pulmonary diseases. In our present approach, two vertical profiles in the periphery of both lungs are fitted with a shift-variant sinusoidal function from which we estimate locations of posterior ribs and inter-rib spaces. Regions of interest (ROI's) for sampling lung textures are then automatically centered on the calculated locations of inter-rib spaces. In tests with 66 chest images, the overall success rate in placing 6.4 mm X 6.4 mm ROI's within inter rib spaces with this method was 71%, with an average of 18 ROI's selected in 4-5 s/image by a VAX11/750 computer. When four additional alternative ROI's were selected on the sides of each original ROI, the success rate in having at least one ROI correctly located in an inter-rib space increased to 94%. Since we are still developing a fully automated sampling method, the present approach has been incorporated into a semiautomated method that is currently being used to sample lung textures from a large number of clinical cases. PMID- 3211053 TI - Phantom evaluation of angiographer performance using low frame rate acquisition fluoroscopy. AB - The authors have investigated the effect of 5 frames/s television fluoroscopy on the time required to selectively catheterize five test arteries in an angiographic phantom. Here, 5 frames/s acquisition was accomplished by sampling frames from a 30 frames/s video signal. Sampled frames were stored in a video memory which provided continuous display to the fluoroscopist between samples. The test phantom was a plastic model of an aorta with branching vessels immersed in an isodense suspension of barium in water. For four of the five vessels there was no significant difference in time required for catheter placement between 30 frames/s and 5 frames/s. PMID- 3211052 TI - A method for comparing beam-hardening filter materials for diagnostic radiology. AB - The necessity for using adequate beam filtration in diagnostic radiology is well known. Although aluminum is the most widely used filter material for diagnostic x ray applications, the possibility that other materials might have superior properties has prompted a number of studies that have attempted to determine both the type and the amount of filtration most appropriate for a given situation. This paper describes a method based on precise matching of spectral shape that permits the absolute ranking of beam-hardening materials. Matching of spectral shape ensures equality of such parameters as image contrast and patient dose. Spectrally equivalent filters can then be ranked on the basis of the transmission of one relative to another. Following the development of the theory behind the method and an algorithm for implementing it, the method is applied to the evaluation of a variety of materials for use as filters in diagnostic radiology. Experimental verification of a few of the calculated results is also described. Both calculated and experimental results show that normal aluminum filters are about 10% less efficient than filters of materials such as copper, brass, or iron. Since the approach followed here was the basis for several early investigations of filtration for orthovoltage therapy, a brief comparison of results from these early reports with results calculated using the method developed here is also presented. PMID- 3211054 TI - Beam profile generator for asymmetric fields. AB - A boundary factor technique for predicting beam profiles has been described by Chui and Mohan [Med. Phys. 13, 409 (1986)]. Boundary factors are calculated as the ratio of the intensity measured in the central plane of a collimated field to the intensity measured in the same location in a 40 X 40 cm field. However, significant discrepancies arise if these factors are applied to the 40 X 40 cm intensity function at off-axis points to predict the beam profile for independently collimated fields. These discrepancies are primarily due to the assumption that the 40 X 40 cm profile approximates an unperturbed intensity function that would exist in the absence of the collimators or scattering media. Two techniques to reduce the residual perturbation are presented. The resulting refined boundary factors allow further factoring so as to permit the calculation of beam profiles for any field size and offset from three discrete functions. PMID- 3211055 TI - The use of a bar code scanner to improve the utility and flexibility of record and verify systems used in radiation therapy. AB - Record and verify systems used in radiation therapy serve a useful purpose in verification of machine parameters for each radiation field and monitoring the treatment as it is administered. There are, however, limitations as to the completeness of this monitoring. These restrictions are primarily due to design limitations of accelerators, which provide only a limited number of hardwired signals for use by such systems. The extent of the signals provided varies among manufacturers. As a result, some commonly used treatment accessories, such as blocking trays, may not be recognized by these systems. Additionally, current commercial record and verify systems cannot be expanded to accommodate institution-specific, customized treatment accessories or devices for positioning or immobilization of patients. This paper describes a complementary approach to providing device detection using a bar code scanner to read coded labels mounted on treatment accessories and download the data into the record and verify system for processing. A microcomputer-based system employing a portable bar code scanner was developed to evaluate the potential of this concept. Implications of adding bar code scanners to record and verify systems are discussed. PMID- 3211056 TI - Measurement of the dose equivalent of leakage radiation through an isocentric gantry used for neutron therapy. AB - The leakage radiation through the shielding on an isocentric gantry of a neutron therapy machine was measured with a Rossi-type proportional counter. The dose equivalent of the leakage radiation was determined at two positions: (1) in the plane of the patient and (2) in the plane of the target. The dose equivalent of the leakage radiation is approximately the same as the leakage of a high-energy x ray linac. PMID- 3211058 TI - Field size dependence of wedge factors. AB - The radiation output in the presence of wedge filters is characterized by the wedge transmission factor and open beam field size factors. Conventionally, the wedge factor for high-energy photons is measured in a water phantom at depth of maximum dose for a reference field size. Experimental measurements on different wedges indicate that the wedge factors are a function of field size. An analysis of these data show that this is primarily caused by the change in scattered radiation from the treatment head in the presence of wedge filters. The change in phantom scatter and radiation backscattered to the monitor chamber are minimal. For 4- or 6-MV x rays with a 60 degrees wedge, the use of a single wedge factor measured for 10 cm X 10 cm field introduces errors of up to 3.5%, for a 16-cm wide field. For a 20-cm-wide field with this wedge, the error is 7%. Thinner wedges exhibit less differences. PMID- 3211057 TI - A depth dependence determination of the wedge transmission factor for 4-10 MV photon beams. AB - The depth dependence (up to 25 cm) of the in-phantom wedge transmission factor (WTF) has been determined for three medical linear accelerator x-ray beams with energies of 4, 6, and 10 MV containing 15 degrees-60 degrees (nominal) brass wedges. All measurements were made with a cylindrical ionization chamber in water, for a field size of 10 X 10 cm2 with a source-skin distance of 80 or 100 cm. We conclude that, for the accelerators studied, the WTF factor at depth is less than 2% different from that determined at dmax (for the nominal wedge angles and photon energies studied) unless the depth of interest is greater than 10 cm. Up to the maximum depth studied (25 cm) the relative wedge factor--that is, wedge factor at depth compared to that determined at dmax--was about equal to or less than 1.02 for the 15 degrees and 30 degrees wedges and any of the photon beam energies studied. For the seldom utilized combination of a nominal wedge angle in excess of 45 degrees with a depth greater than 10 cm, the WTF at depth can differ from the WTF determined at dmax, by up to 5%. Since the wedge transmission factor is reflective of relative percent dose data, our results also indicate that it is in error to use open field percent depth doses for certain combinations of wedge angle, photon energy, and depth. PMID- 3211059 TI - Effect of gold shielding on the dosimetry of an 125I seed at close range. AB - Radioactive 125I plaques with gold shields have been used for the treatment of choroidal melanoma. The effect of the gold shield on the dosimetry of a single 125I seed (model 6711) has been investigated in this paper. Increases in dose at close range due to the presence of the shield are observed. Such enhancement is in agreement with Williamson's Monte Carlo calculations. PMID- 3211060 TI - Tissue-mimicking gelatin-agar gels for use in magnetic resonance imaging phantoms. AB - A new variety of tissue-mimicking materials for use in 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phantoms has been developed and extensively tested, principally at 10 MHz and at room temperature. The materials can be formed with a broad range of T1's and T2's representative of soft tissues. They are mixtures of various percentages of agar, animal hide gelatin, water, and glycerol. Small concentrations of formaldehyde and n-propanol prevent melting through 100 degrees C and prevent bacterial invasion. The materials are easily produced. A thorough description of compositions and production procedures is given. T1's exhibit about a 5%/degrees C rise in temperature. T2's exhibit less than a 1% rise/degrees C. Long-term (12 months) stability is exhibited both for NMR properties and for absence of fluid extrusion. Preliminary results indicate that T1's depend on the Larmor frequency in a similar way to that observed in soft tissues. PMID- 3211061 TI - Determination of diagnostic x-ray spectra with characteristic radiation using attenuation analysis. AB - An analytical method to compute x-ray spectra from attenuation data utilizing the Laplace transformation has been extended to include characteristic radiation. It is based on an a priori technique of determining the ratio of characteristic radiation exposure to the total radiation exposure in diagnostic spectra. The technique is shown to produce characteristic intensities in good agreement with experimentally determined values. PMID- 3211063 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical therapy of primary and secondary lymphomas of the stomach]. PMID- 3211062 TI - Distance and depth measurements of radioactive objects utilizing rotating slant hole collimators. AB - It is desirable to have an accurate method to determine the depth of various organs which are commonly imaged in nuclear medicine. The method presented here utilizes the geometrical characteristics of the rotating slant-hole collimator to calculate distances and depth. The accuracy of the calculated distance was evaluated for point sources in air separated by 11 cm. The reproducibility of the calculated distance was evaluated as a function of the extent of collimator rotation between observations for angular differences of 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, and 180 degrees. The theory of the method is discussed and the relative error in distance calculation analyzed mathematically as a function of (1) collimator rotation angle error, (2) collimator slant angle error, and (3) position calculation error. Our findings indicate this method to be accurate to within 2% with a reproducibility range of 3%-5% for point sources. PMID- 3211064 TI - [Long-term prognosis of disability and work capacity following transient ischemic attacks]. PMID- 3211065 TI - [Continent urinary diversion and total bladder replacement]. PMID- 3211066 TI - [The physician in the field spanning the art of healing and medical technic]. PMID- 3211067 TI - [Coincidence of ulcerative colitis and lung fibrosis--a rare extra-intestinal manifestation of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases?]. PMID- 3211068 TI - [Various clinical manifestations with a dentogenic cause]. PMID- 3211069 TI - [Acute pancreatitis in adenoma and carcinoma of Vater's papilla]. PMID- 3211070 TI - [Chronic aortic insufficiency: radionuclide ventriculography facilitates surgical planning and assessment of postoperative prognosis]. PMID- 3211071 TI - [Artificial kidney procedures at the intensive care unit]. PMID- 3211072 TI - [Clinico-pathologic conference. Colonic meteorism with air inclusions in the intestinal wall in endocarditis]. PMID- 3211073 TI - [Unrecognized primary hyperparathyroidism in simultaneous presence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Joint occurrence of parathyroid adenoma, type I diabetes mellitus, Basedow disease, pernicious anemia and stomach carcinoid]. PMID- 3211074 TI - In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of cerebral metabolism during histotoxic hypoxia in mice. AB - The alterations of cerebral energetic metabolism and intracellular brain pH that occur during histotoxic hypoxia were estimated in mice by in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The brain spectra obtained by means of chronically implanted surface coils connected to a special designed probe were recorded sequentially and continuously before, during, and after histotoxic hypoxia induced by an injection of potassium cyanide. The levels of PCr, ATP, inorganic phosphate, and intracellular pH estimated from the records of the 31P cerebral spectra and the cerebral cortical activity allow noninvasive monitoring of both the energetic metabolism and the functional state of the brain in unanesthetized animals. The time courses of these different parameters are largely the same as those obtained previously by invasive methods, however, the simultaneous and continuous monitoring performed in this study exhibits several unexpected dissociations between, respectively, onset of coma, decrease in PCr level and intracellular pHi, and recovery of normal levels of PCr and intracellular pH. These dissociations indicate that tissue acidosis plays a minor role in the changes in PCr levels, compared with ATP, and they confirm that the thresholds of oxidative metabolism required for functional tissue activity and a normal rate of ATP are clearly different. PMID- 3211076 TI - Effects of aging and alcohol on the biochemical composition of histologically normal human brain. AB - Human brains were removed at autopsy and examined grossly and histologically for any abnormality or evidence of disease. Sixty-two brains appearing normal by these criteria were examined further. First, a detailed record of alcohol consumption was obtained. Second, frozen punches of gray and white matter were used to determine the compositional change associated with age and drinking patterns. Increased age was associated with an increase in the water content, particularly in the white matter, a decline in RNA content in gray matter, a decline in total protein in white matter, and a decline in both myelin and the myelin-like subfraction. The loss of myelin membrane in white matter corresponded to a similar increase in water content, although there was an additional loss of some nonmyelin protein. There was no significant shift in the density between the myelin and the myelin-like membranes, and the protein composition of myelin was not significantly altered by age. A history of heavy alcohol consumption was associated with a relative increase in total protein in white matter even though heavy drinking accelerated the age-related loss of myelin. Presumably, alcohol produced a lag in the rate at which nonmyelin proteins are lost or accelerated the accumulation of abnormal protein. Alcohol consumption did not influence the myelin composition or the ratio of myelin and myelin-like membranes. The interval between patient death and autopsy was shown to have little or no effect on the samples used in this study. These data show that normal aging, uncomplicated by other disease processes, can have a significant effect on the composition of brain tissue, particularly the white matter, and that heavy alcohol consumption accelerates degenerative change, even in tissue appearing normal by histology. PMID- 3211075 TI - Biochemical composition and dynamics of the axonal cytoskeleton in the corticospinal system of the adult hamster. AB - The corticospinal system is an important central nervous system (CNS) pathway that is implicated in debilitating diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in traumatic injuries to the spinal cord. This study characterizes some of the fundamental biochemical and kinetic properties of normal corticospinal axons, establishing an important reference for studies that aim to elucidate the cellular modifications that result during pathological conditions of these axons. Slow axonal transport which conveys the axonal cytoskeleton as well as cytomatrix constituents, such as many of the metabolic enzymes and regulatory proteins, has been examined. For these studies, [35S]methionine was injected into the sensorimotor cortex of adult male Golden hamsters, and labeled, transported proteins present in corticospinal axons at 1-42 days after injection were assessed using one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/fluorography. The complex group of slow component b (SCb) proteins (including clathrin, actin, enolase, creatine phosphokinase, and many others) was observed to move at a rate of approximately 2 mm/day in adult corticospinal axons. The slow component a (SCa) proteins (tubulins, neurofilament proteins, and actin) were transported at a substantially slower rate of approximately 0.4 mm/day. The biochemical and kinetic properties of slow transport in corticospinal axons were very similar to those previously described in another CNS pathway, axons of retinal ganglion cells, and substantially different from those documented in large, peripheral sensory or motor axons. These findings suggest that some of the basic properties of axonal transport which determine many of the structural and functional properties of axons may be different in the CNS compared to the peripheral nervous system. PMID- 3211077 TI - The unexpected difficult intubation. PMID- 3211078 TI - Prediction of difficult intubation--the measurement of five parameters of the X ray mandible in Jordanian population. PMID- 3211079 TI - Effect of sodium thiopentone and midazolam on intraocular pressure, pulse rate and blood pressure--a comparative study. AB - A programmed study on the effect of sodium thiopentone and midazolam on systemic blood pressure, pulse rate and intraocular pressure was done on sixty patients. A significant increase of all parameters was found after one minute. These values became less increased after three minutes. After five minutes a significant decrease of systolic and diastolic pressure, and intraocular pressure, as well normalization of pulse rate was found for both groups. A comparison between the results of both groups show that the systolic pressure was more significantly increased under the effects of midazolam than thiopentone. In contrast to this, pulse rate and introcular pressure showed similar changes in both groups. PMID- 3211080 TI - The effect of sodium thiopentone and succinylcholine on blood pressure and intraocular pressure. PMID- 3211081 TI - The effect of midazolam and succinylcholine on systemic blood pressure and intraocular pressure. PMID- 3211082 TI - Ketamine hydrochloride as sole anesthetic for open liver biopsy. AB - We evaluated the use of ketamine as sole anesthetic agent for open liver biopsy, with particular reference to its effect on liver function and hepatotoxicity and its effect on cardiovascular stability and respiration. From 386 patients who underwent liver biopsy at Jordan University Hospital, 12 had open liver biopsy because of contra-indications for closed needle biopsy. The surgical procedure consisted of a small right paramedian incision allowing inspection of the liver surface and a wedge and needle biopsy. Ketamine HCl was used in a dose of 2 mg/kg I.V. with supplemental doses as necessary. No significant fluctuations in cardio respiratory vital signs were observed. Muscle rigidity and respiratory tagging movements necessitated addition of a muscle relaxant and artificial ventilation in three patients. Six patients reported dreams, two of which were described as nightmares. There was no liver function decompensation, or significant bilirubin or transaminase elevations in the week following the biopsy. Ketamine is a safe anesthetic to use for open liver biopsy in patients with underlying liver disease, although poor muscle relaxation and nightmares may be significant side effects. PMID- 3211083 TI - Epidural xylocaine and pethidine for control of labor pain--a comparative study. PMID- 3211084 TI - Pneumomediastinum due to venturi system during microlaryngoscopy. AB - This is a case report of pneumomediastinum and surgical emphysema following the use of venturi jet ventilation during microlaryngoscopy. The patient recovered spontaneously and no active measures were taken. A review of the literature was made for the complications of the venturi jet system during this procedure and precautions for avoiding these complications were stressed. PMID- 3211085 TI - A simple modification of the Sander's injector during rigid bronchoscopy in infants and young children. PMID- 3211086 TI - A simple method for preventing obstruction of the endotracheal tube during palatal surgery. AB - In this paper we describe a simple method for avoiding the obstruction of the Mallinckrodt R.A.E. (Ring, Adair and Elwin) preformed endotracheal tube which we use during cleft palate surgery, palatal lengthening and pharyngoplasty in patients who have well developed lower incisor teeth. PMID- 3211087 TI - Modification of Ayre's T-piece. PMID- 3211088 TI - A question of value: measuring the impact of chronic disease. AB - The indirect costs of illness--those resulting from lost functional capacity rather than from medical expenditures--have long been measured in quantitative economic terms. A recent survey of rheumatoid arthritics and osteoarthritics employs, however, an alternative method of estimation based on qualitative values. Both the persons with arthritis and the health controls indicated that maintaining social contacts and personal relationships, shopping, running errands, and doing chores for their family and themselves were much more important than work-related activities. Policy efforts should thus target disease interventions toward activity losses assigned the highest personal value rather than attempt to define the dollar value of these losses. PMID- 3211089 TI - Hospital quality competition and the economics of imperfect information. AB - Competition in the health care industry has traditionally focused on indices of quality rather than price. Even in a period of vigorous price competition, the issue of quality remains central, given patient uncertainty. Quality in the future will be assessed, however, not only on the basis of structural characteristics--such as the acquisition of new clinical technologies--but also in terms of patient outcomes. Because outcome statistics are influenced by the severity of the patient's disease at the time of treatment, it is likely that health plans and medical care institutions may accelerate their preference for healthier patients. Pure price competition may have only a modest role to play. PMID- 3211090 TI - The milk-alkali syndrome in pregnancy. Case report. AB - We present a case of the milk-alkali syndrome occurring in pregnancy, an association not described in the medical literature. Ingestion of calcium carbonate and calcium-containing food was precipitated by the hyperemesis of pregnancy. Complications--hypercalcemia, dehydration, renal insufficiency, and pancreatitis--resolved within days. Here, the milk-alkali syndrome was the cause of the hypercalcemia of pregnancy. This case illustrates a rare cause of and complications from the milk-alkali syndrome. PMID- 3211091 TI - Circadian rhythm with acrophase at night for urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium in childhood: population-based data of the cimitile study in southern Italy. AB - A population-based study on daily and overnight urine excretion of Ca and Mg was performed in 220 children aged 4-15 years living in Cimitile, Campania Region, Southern Italy. The Ca/creatinine and the Mg/creatinine ratio in overnight urine were significantly higher than in daily urine (p less than 0.01). This finding was also confirmed in hypercalciuric children. The Mg/Ca ratio in the general population was identical in daily and overnight urine while in the hypercalciuric group Mg/Ca in overnight urine was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in daily urine. The data point to the existence of a circadian rhythm with a peak at night for urine Ca and Mg excretion in children living in Cimitile and studied while attending to their everyday life. PMID- 3211092 TI - Improved bone morphology by normalizing serum magnesium in chronically hemodialyzed patients. AB - The dialysate magnesium concentration (dMg) was reduced from 1 to 0.5 mEq/l in a group of patients on chronic hemodialysis (RDT). Serum parameters and bone biopsy findings were evaluated before and after a 1-year period on the lower dMg. All patients were receiving only calcium carbonate before and during the study period. Serum magnesium (sMg) decreased significantly and fell in the normal range with low dMg, whereas the other serum parameters did not change significantly except serum phosphorous which increased, still remaining within the normal limits. Furthermore, a significant reduction of the osteomalacia pattern (evaluated by osteoid volume, osteoid surface and osteoid thickness index) was observed in all patients after 1 year on dMg of 0.5 mEq/l, whereas there was no significant variation in bone resorption patterns (resorption surface and osteoclasts). Therefore, normal sMg is recommended in RDT patients, by arranging their dMg according to individual need, in the hypothesis that high bone Mg content, attributed to hypermagnesemia, could interfere with the mineralization process. PMID- 3211093 TI - Does the maternal kidney contribute to the increased circulating 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations during pregnancy? AB - The observation that during pregnancy the circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, concentrations are higher than in the nonpregnant state as well as recent evidence showing that, in vitro, the placenta and/or decidua are sites of 1,25(OH)2D synthesis has led to the general belief that the increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D concentrations originate from the placenta and/or decidua during pregnancy. The observation of a patient with end-stage renal disease who became pregnant after 10 years of chronic hemodialysis treatment has revealed that, despite delivery of a viable infant who had a normal development for gestational age and of normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, her serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were only 10-15 pg/ml following 25 weeks of gestation. These 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations are far lower than those usually encountered in normal women at the end of the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. It is felt that an important contribution of the placenta and/or of the decidua to the synthesis of the hormone should have led to higher 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations than those observed in this patient. These observations, along with evidence from the literature, prompted us to reappraise the hypothesis on the origin of the circulating maternal 1,25(OH)2D3 during pregnancy and to postulate that the kidney might be more important than previously thought to the synthesis of the hormone during pregnancy. PMID- 3211094 TI - Serum calcium concentrations in wild rabbits. PMID- 3211095 TI - Effects of paternal alcohol consumption on pregnancy outcome in rats. AB - Male rats were divided into 3 groups and were given ad lib access to a liquid alcohol diet containing 35% ethanol derived calories (EDC) or were pair-fed with an isocaloric control diet, containing 17.5% or 0% EDC, for a minimum of 52 days. A fourth group was fed rat chow ad lib. Males were then mated with non-treated females. Males consuming alcohol did not differ in sexual behavior but were less fertile and sired offspring that were significantly less active than controls and the effects on activity were dose-related. Females sired by males consuming alcohol also performed worse in a two-way shock avoidance learning task although differences in this task were not dose-related. There were no significant effects, however, on body weight of offspring at birth or at 21 days of age or on other behavioral measures such as spontaneous alternation or passive avoidance learning. PMID- 3211096 TI - Social memory deficits in adult male rats exposed to cadmium in infancy. AB - In two experiments infant rats were injected subcutaneously with 0, 1, or 2 mg Cd/kg on Day 5 or 6 after birth. In adulthood (150 days of age) subjects in both experiments who received the 2 mg/kg dose failed to learn the identity of a strange rat in a social recognition test. Cadmium-treated rats investigated familiar and strange rats equally, whereas control subjects investigated familiar rats much less than unfamiliar individuals. Results with rats in the 1 mg/kg group were less consistent; in Experiment 1 they failed to learn the identity of a stranger, in Experiment 2 they behaved like controls. The level of investigation of a strange rat did not differ among the experimental groups, indicating cadmium did not cause a performance deficit. The 2 mg/kg dose of cadmium had no effect on body weight in Experiment 1 and a small (6.98%), but significant, depressant effect on body weight in Experiment 2. Cadmium exposure in infancy appears to affect social memory processes long after the treatment period. PMID- 3211097 TI - Influence of maternal chlorpromazine on discrimination learning in rat offspring. AB - Light-dark discrimination learning in rat offspring born to mothers treated with chlorpromazine was studied. Daily doses of 16 mg/kg, administered from gestation day 17 to day 21, had no effect on the acquisition of lever press responses and on the original discrimination learning. However, acquisition of the reversal learning was retarded. The same dose administered during the nursing period did not produce such behavioral changes. The results indicate that high doses of chlorpromazine administered during the peripartum period might cause learning impairment in the offspring. PMID- 3211098 TI - Lifetime low-level lead exposure produces deficits in delayed alternation in adult monkeys. AB - Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were dosed continuously from birth onward with 100, 50, or 0 micrograms/kg/day of lead. This resulted in blood lead concentrations of 25, 15, or 3 micrograms/dl respectively before withdrawal of infant formula at 200 days of age. Blood lead concentrations declined thereafter over the next 100-150 days to steady-state concentrations of 13, 11, or 3 micrograms/dl. At seven to eight years of age, monkeys were tested on a delayed alternation task. The task required the monkey to alternate responses between two pushbuttons; each alternation was rewarded with a small amount of apple juice. After each monkey learned the task, a delay was instituted between trials. The initial delay was 100 msec, and was increased in steps to 15 sec by the end of the experiment. Treated monkeys were impaired in their ability to learn the alternation task, but were not different from controls at short delay values (1 and 3 sec). At longer delay values (5 and 15 sec), treated monkeys again exhibited impairment. At the 15 sec delay value, some individuals in both treated groups exhibited marked perseveration, responding on the same button in some instances for hours at a time. Treated monkeys were also more variable in their performance across sessions than were controls. The data are interpreted as indicative of spatial learning and short-term memory deficits in the lead-exposed monkeys. PMID- 3211099 TI - Behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation in the rat following chlordimeform administration. AB - This study was designed to assess the effects of a single acute injection of chlordimeform (CDM) on some behavioral and autonomic effectors of the thermoregulatory system of the Sprague-Dawley rat. In one experiment rats injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg CDM were placed in an environmental chamber set at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 degrees C for 60 min. Exposure to CDM resulted in hypothermia at Ta's of 5 to 25 degrees C and had no effect on body temperature at a Ta of 30 degrees C. In a second experiment, rats injected with 60 mg/kg CDM were placed in a temperature gradient which permitted the continuous recording of preferred Ta (i.e., behavioral thermoregulation), oxygen consumption (i.e., metabolic rate), and total activity. CDM-treated rats preferred Ta's of 20 degrees C after 60 min in the temperature gradient in spite of a hypothermic body temperature (35.3 degrees C). That is, the animals could have moved to the warm end of the gradient and thereby prevented a fall in body temperature. CDM also led to a significant reduction in oxygen consumption. In a third experiment, foot and tail skin temperature, and heart rate were recorded in anesthetized rats maintained under normothermia while treated with CDM. Tail and foot skin temperature rapidly increased following CDM administration which was indicative of peripheral vasodilation and increased heat loss. The changes in temperature were concomitant with an abrupt drop in heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211100 TI - Formamidine pesticides enhance susceptibility to kindled seizures in amygdala and hippocampus of the rat. AB - Electrical kindling of the amygdala and hippocampus was used to evaluate the effects of two formamidines, chlordimeform (CDF) and amitraz (AMZ), upon seizures susceptibility in the rat. Male Long-Evans rats were implanted with electrodes in the amygdala or dorsal dentate gyrus, and injected IP daily with 40 mg/kg CDF, 50 mg/kg AMZ, or equal volumes of their respective vehicles. Afterdischarge (AD) thresholds were determined after the first injection. Animals were then stimulated twice daily, 2 and 4 hours postinjeciton, at a standard 200 microA stimulus intensity until three stage 5 generalized seizures ensued. Both CDF and AMZ significantly facilitated amygdaloid kindling rate, and CDF also facilitated hippocampal kindling rate. The effects of AMZ on hippocampal kindling were not assessed. AD durations were prolonged in the formamidine-treated groups, but there was no effect on AD thresholds. The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and/or local anesthetic-like properties of these compounds may be responsible for these seizure enhancing effects. PMID- 3211101 TI - Increased hippocampal excitability produced by amitraz. AB - The present study characterized the effect of the formamidine pesticide, amitraz, upon hippocampal function in male Long-Evans rats. Animals were chronically prepared with a stimulating electrode in the perforant path and field potentials were recorded from a bipolar electrode situated across the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Input/output functions and paired pulse inhibition were monitored in unrestrained, unanesthetized animals over a number of days following acute administration of 100 mg/kg of amitraz. Input/output functions revealed a decrease in excitatory postsynaptic potential (ESP) slope and an increase in population spike height 4 and 24 hr after treatment, with return to baseline by 48 hr. Tests of inhibition using pairs of stimulus pulses delivered at intervals ranging between 20 and 100 msec revealed a decrease in inhibition following amitraz. Both of these effects could be mimicked by administration of 0.1 mg/kg of the alpha-2 agonist clonidine, supporting this mode of action of amitraz on CNS function. These results indicate that systemic amitraz treatment produced a transient enhancement of excitatory and reduction of inhibitory processes in a CNS pathway. PMID- 3211102 TI - Effects of delay, intertrial interval, delay behavior and trimethyltin on spatial delayed response in rats. AB - Working memory was modeled in rats using a delayed response task with spatial location as the discriminative cue. Rats received food for pressing 1 of 2 retractable levers in the choice phase of a trial if that lever had been presented in the prior sample phase of that trial. When delays of 0-20 sec were imposed between sample and choice, choice accuracy declined with increasing delay. With short intertrial intervals (ITIs), choice accuracy decreased more at long delays than at short delays, showing that interference from previous trials impaired memory but not discrimination. Rats emitted overt mediating responses during delay by pressing the levers in the retracted position. However, the frequency of delay presses was low (less than 2/trial in all rats) and neither their frequency nor accuracy was related to choice accuracy. Resetting the delay interval for each delay press did not significantly alter choice response accuracy. Trimethyltin (TMT), 7 mg/kg IV, reduced the choice accuracy of one rat to chance levels at all delays; two other rats were affected transiently. TMT reduced choice accuracy during weeks 1 and 4 postinjection, with significant effects on the linear slope and intercept of the mean retention gradient during week 4. TMT did not affect responses to the retracted levers during delays. TMT treatment also elevated levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the CNS, measured 4 weeks after treatment. Hippocampal GFAP correlated highly with the reduction in choice accuracy during week 1 (r = -.903) and week 4 (r = -.797) postTMT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211103 TI - Significance of hippocampal dysfunction in low level lead exposure of rats. AB - Previous reports have suggested a relationship between the neurotoxicity of lead and hippocampal dysfunction. Therefore, a comparison between the behavioral changes induced by lead exposure and by selective destruction of hippocampal neurons should help to clarify whether the intrinsic neurons of the hippocampus are directly influenced by lead. Rats maternally and permanently exposed to lead (750 ppm in the diet as lead acetate) were tested in a radial arm maze and compared with controls and rats with ibotenic acid-induced neuronal depletion in the dorsal hippocampus. Lead-exposed groups showed an impairment in the acquisition performance of the spatial task while hippocampally damaged animals did not. When they were retested 4 weeks after the end of the original acquisition, both groups of lead-exposed and ibotenic acid-treated rats showed a significant deficit in retention. These results suggest that this deficit produced by lead can be due to the damage of the hippocampal neurons but not the impairment observed in the acquisition. We propose that the neurotoxicity of lead is not entirely due to the dysfunction of the dorsal hippocampus and that other areas of the brain should be considered. Both maternally and permanently lead exposed rats showed a similar degree of deficit in acquisition and retention, suggesting a long-lasting effect of early lead exposure. PMID- 3211104 TI - Colour vision impairment and alcohol consumption. AB - The relationship between alcohol intake and colour discrimination capacity was examined among 136 persons of whom 16 were undergoing treatment in a detoxification centre. Current weekly alcohol consumption (or prior to treatment for those in the centre) was obtained with a detailed questionnaire, which divided week and weekend drinking into types of alcohol (beer, wine, spirits). Alcohol consumption varied from 0-5824 g/week; median: 266 g/week. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of acquired dyschromatopsia was obtained with a colour arrangement test, the Lanthony D-15 desaturated panel. In all age categories, the prevalence of dyschromatopsia increased with alcohol intake. Moreover, all the heavy drinkers (greater than 751 g/week) presented a certain degree of dyschromatopsia, whether or not they were undergoing treatment for alcoholism in a detoxification centre. Colour loss was primarily in the blue yellow range; however, 4 of the 16 persons from the detoxification centre presented complex dyschromatopsia patterns including red-green loss. This raises the question of possible progressive deterioration. Multiple regression analysis showed that colour vision loss was significantly related to both age (p less than 0.001) and alcohol intake (p less than 0.01). These results underline the importance of taking into account the contribution of alcohol consumption in studies on acquired dyschromatopsia. PMID- 3211105 TI - Behavioral and biochemical effects of postnatal parathion exposure in the rat. AB - Preweanling rat pups were exposed daily to parathion (1.3 mg/kg or 1.9 mg/kg) or vehicle (corn oil) on postnatal days 5-20, a time period critical to development of behavioral and biochemical parameters of the cholinergic nervous system. This exposure resulted in dose-dependent reductions in acetylcholinesterase activity and muscarinic receptor binding in the cortex. During the preweanling period, there were no differences among the groups in most reflex measures, eye opening or incisor eruption. Postweanling behavioral assessment revealed small deficits in tests of spatial memory in both the T-maze and the radial arm maze. There were no differences in neuromuscular abilities or spontaneous activity measures. Thus, biochemical and behavioral deficits in cholinergic nervous system functioning occurred in the absence of severe signs of toxicity and in the absence of generalized nonspecific behavioral disturbances. PMID- 3211106 TI - Effects of perinatal ivermectin exposure on behavioral development of rats. AB - The antiparasitic agent ivermectin was administered to pregnant rats from days 6 to 20 of gestation and 2 to 20 of lactation at 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg/day. Reproductive performance and behavior of offspring in the preweaning period were observed. Ivermectin had no effect on reproductive performance and dams' growth. The highest dose induced 100% pup mortality. Later on, ivermectin at 4 mg/kg was administered only during gestation. At that dose, the drug induced 22% mortality and affected temporarily cliff avoidance, locomotion, negative geotaxis and swimming development. At 2 mg/kg, the drug induced offspring mortality (31%), retarded growth and delayed eye opening, cliff avoidance and surface righting reflex, negative geotaxis, locomotion and swimming development. Ivermectin at 1 mg/kg had no effect on mortality and growth but cliff avoidance and locomotion were retarded. Data suggest that newborn rats were highly susceptible to the neurotoxic action of ivermectin. Whether its effects were prenatal or by acute intoxication via mother's milk are discussed. PMID- 3211107 TI - Conditioned flavor aversion induced by inhaled p-xylene in rats. AB - Xylenes have the potential for widespread public exposure, yet their neurotoxic properties are poorly understood. The conditioned flavor aversion (CFA) paradigm provides a sensitive behavioral assay for the aversiveness of many drugs and toxic chemicals. Male Long-Evans rats were placed on a restricted water schedule (30 min/day) 1 week after arrival in the laboratory at 40 days of age. Ten days later, all rats received 0.1% saccharin in place of water, and then were exposed immediately either to filtered air or to 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 or 1,600 ppm p xylene for 4 hr, or to air or 400 ppm p-xylene for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 or 8 hr. The restricted water schedule remained in effect for the next 72 hr, at which time the rats were given a choice between saccharin and water. Inhalation of all concentrations of p-xylene reduced relative saccharin intake, with maximal aversion at 800 and 1,600 ppm. The aversion produced by 400 ppm p-xylene was maximal at exposures of 2 or more hr, with shorter exposures producing intermediate effects. Total fluid intake was unaffected by p-xylene exposure with the exception of a slight (nonsignificant) decrease in consumption following 1,600 ppm. Exposure to saccharin 24 hr prior to p-xylene produce no aversion, indicating that the reduction in saccharin intake required close temporal pairing of saccharin and p-xylene. Thus inhaled p-xylene at a concentration of 1/2 its TLV (= 100 ppm) caused a significant, learned change in rats' normal consumption of saccharin-flavored water, without disrupting total fluid consumption. PMID- 3211109 TI - The MD's role in curbing tobacco use. PMID- 3211108 TI - Doctors helping smokers. A new way to intervene. PMID- 3211110 TI - Making peace with death. Physicians help heal the pain of loss. PMID- 3211111 TI - Pregnancy risk in women over 35. PMID- 3211112 TI - Are you a preferred provider? PMID- 3211114 TI - Differing approaches to partial hospitalization. PMID- 3211113 TI - Histological study of pulp capping in rat molars using Prolactin. PMID- 3211115 TI - The Quilt-Work Theory: commentary. PMID- 3211116 TI - The short-term program. PMID- 3211117 TI - The Quilt-Work Theory: a milieu approach. PMID- 3211119 TI - Behavioral treatment in partial hospitalization: commentary. PMID- 3211118 TI - The short-term program: commentary. PMID- 3211120 TI - Proud to care. PMID- 3211121 TI - Image of nursing: perceptions of nurses, physicians and the public. PMID- 3211122 TI - Update on AMA's RCT proposal. PMID- 3211123 TI - I don't want to be a grunt. PMID- 3211124 TI - The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region exhibits partial dyad symmetry and a capacity to drive bidirectional transcription. AB - The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region (-202 to -12) provides myogenic transcriptional specificity. This promoter contains partial dyad symmetry about an axis at nucleotide -108 and in transfection experiments is capable of directing transcription in a bidirectional manner. At least three different transcription initiation start sites, oriented toward upstream sequences, were mapped 25 to 30 base pairs from TATA-like regions. The opposing transcriptional activity was potentiated upon the deletion of sequences proximal to the alpha-actin transcription start site. Thus, sequences which serve to position RNA polymerase for alpha-actin transcription may allow, in their absence, the selection of alternative and reverse-oriented start sites. Nuclear runoff transcription assays of embryonic muscle indicated that divergent transcription may occur in vivo but with rapid turnover of nuclear transcripts. Divergent transcriptional activity enabled us to define the 3' regulatory boundary of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter which retains a high level of myogenic transcriptional activity. The 3' regulatory border was detected when serial 3' deletions bisected the element (-91 CCAAA TATGG -82) which reduced transcriptional activity by 80%. Previously we showed that disruption of its upstream counterpart (-127 CCAAAGAAGG -136) resulted in about a 90% decrease in activity. These element pairs, which we describe as CCAAT box-associated repeats, are conserved in all sequenced vertebrate sarcomeric actin genes and may act in a cooperative manner to facilitate transcription in myogenic cells. PMID- 3211125 TI - Molecular cloning and characterization of plastin, a human leukocyte protein expressed in transformed human fibroblasts. AB - The phosphoprotein plastin was originally identified as an abundant transformation-induced polypeptide of chemically transformed neoplastic human fibroblasts. This abundant protein is normally expressed only in leukocytes, suggesting that it may play a role in hemopoietic cell differentiation. Protein microsequencing of plastin purified from leukemic T lymphocytes by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis produced eight internal oligopeptide sequences. An oligodeoxynucleotide probe corresponding to one of the oligopeptides was used to clone cDNAs from transformed human fibroblasts that encoded the seven other oligopeptides predicted for human plastin. Sequencing and characterization of two cloned cDNAs revealed the existence of two distinct, but closely related, isoforms of plastin--l-plastin, which is expressed in leukocytes and transformed fibroblasts, and t-plastin, which is expressed in normal cells of solid tissues and transformed fibroblasts. The leukocyte isoform l-plastin is expressed in a diverse variety of human tumor cell lines, suggesting that it may be involved in the neoplastic process of some solid human tumors. PMID- 3211126 TI - Coordinate changes in heat shock element-binding activity and HSP70 gene transcription rates in human cells. AB - Activation of human heat shock gene transcription by heat shock, heavy metal ions, and amino acid analogs required the heat shock element (HSE) in the HSP70 promoter. Both heat shock- and metal ion-induced HSP70 gene transcription occurred independently of protein synthesis, whereas induction by amino acid analogs required protein synthesis. We identified a HSE-binding activity from control cells which was easily distinguished by a gel mobility shift assay from the stress-induced HSE-binding activity which appeared following heat shock or chemically induced stress. The kinetics of HSP70 gene transcription paralleled the rapid appearance of stress-induced HSE-binding activity. During recovery from heat shock, both the rate of HSP70 gene transcription and stress-induced HSE binding activity levels declined and the control HSE-binding activity reappeared. The DNA contacts of the control and stress-induced HSE-binding activities deduced by methylation interference were similar but not identical. While stable complexes with HSE were formed with extracts from both control and stressed cells in vitro at 25 degrees C, only the stress-induced complex was detected when binding reactions were performed at elevated temperatures. PMID- 3211127 TI - Tandemly repeated exons encode 81-base repeats in multiple, developmentally regulated Schistosoma mansoni transcripts. AB - The adult Schistosoma mansoni cDNA clone 10-3 encodes an antigen that is recognized by sera from infected humans. We characterized multiple developmentally regulated transcripts homologous to the 10-3 cDNA and portions of the complex genomic loci encoding those transcripts. Transcripts of approximately 950, 870, and 780 nucleotides were expressed in adults, whereas only the 780 nucleotide transcript was observed in the larval stage. These transcripts were highly similar, containing variable numbers of identical direct tandem repeats of 81 bases. Although the sequence of the repeating elements and sequences 3' to them were identical in all the transcripts, sequences 5' of the repeating elements exhibited variations, including a 27-base insertion, alternative start sites for transcription, and alternate 5' exon usage. These transcripts appeared to be derived in part by the developmentally controlled alternative splicing of small exons and the use of alternative transcription initiation sites from the one or two complex loci of at least 40 kilobase pairs. Each 81-base repeat in the transcripts was encoded by three dispersed 27-base-pair exons. These 27-base-pair exons were contained within highly conserved, reiterated 3-kilobase-pair genomic tandem arrays. PMID- 3211128 TI - Autonomous replication and addition of telomerelike sequences to DNA microinjected into Paramecium tetraurelia macronuclei. AB - Paramecium tetraurelia can be transformed by microinjection of cloned serotype A gene sequences into the macronucleus. Transformants are detected by their ability to express serotype A surface antigen from the injected templates. After injection, the DNA is converted from a supercoiled form to a linear form by cleavage at nonrandom sites. The linear form appears to replicate autonomously as a unit-length molecule and is present in transformants at high copy number. The injected DNA is further processed by the addition of paramecium-type telomeric sequences to the termini of the linear DNA. To examine the fate of injected linear DNA molecules, plasmid pSA14SB DNA containing the A gene was cleaved into two linear pieces, a 14-kilobase (kb) piece containing the A gene and flanking sequences and a 2.2-kb piece consisting of the procaryotic vector. In transformants expressing the A gene, we observed that two linear DNA species were present which correspond to the two species injected. Both species had Paramecium telomerelike sequences added to their termini. For the 2.2-kb DNA, we show that the site of addition of the telomerelike sequences is directly at one terminus and within one nucleotide of the other terminus. These results indicate that injected procaryotic DNA is capable of autonomous replication in Paramecium macronuclei and that telomeric addition in the macronucleus does not require specific recognition sequences. PMID- 3211129 TI - Localization and expression of mRNA for a macronuclear-specific histone H2A variant (hv1) during the cell cycle and conjugation of Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - hv1 is a histone H2A variant found in the transcriptionally active Tetrahymena macronucleus but not in the transcriptionally inert micronucleus. This, along with a number of other lines of evidence, suggests that hv1 is associated with active genes. We have used a cDNA clone as a probe to study hv1 mRNA accumulation throughout the cell cycle and during conjugation. In situ hybridization to glutaraldehyde-fixed growing cells, whose position in the cell cycle was determined by size and morphology, showed that hv1 message is present throughout the cell cycle. The message was uniformly distributed in these vegetative cells. Compared with four other Tetrahymena histone genes studied to date (S. -M. Yu, S. Horowitz, and M. A. Gorovsky, Genes Dev., 1:683, 1987; M. Wu, C. D. Allis, and M. A. Gorovsky, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:2205, 1988), hv1 mRNA is the only one that does not show a pattern of accumulation during the cell cycle that could explain the nuclear localization of its encoded protein. Thus, either hv1 or some molecule with which it associates contains a macronuclear-specific targeting sequence or there exists a cell cycle-regulated event that restricts its translation to the macronuclear S phase. In situ hybridization to conjugating cells revealed that hv1 message amounts increase just prior to macronuclear development and decline precipitously after the cells separate. The hv1 message showed no marked subcellular localization and is, therefore, unlikely to play a role in the cytoplasmic determination known to occur during macronuclear development. PMID- 3211130 TI - Interactions between the promoter and first intron are involved in transcriptional control of alpha 1(I) collagen gene expression. AB - The first intron of the human collagen alpha 1(I) gene contains several positively and negatively acting elements. We have studied the transcription of collagen-human growth hormone fusion genes, containing deletions and rearrangements of collagen intronic sequences, by transient transfection of chick tendon fibroblasts and NIH 3T3 cells. In chick tendon fibroblasts, but not in 3T3 cells, inversion of intronic sequences containing a previously studied 274-base pair segment, A274, resulted in markedly reduced human growth hormone mRNA levels as determined by an RNase protection assay. This inhibitory effect was largely alleviated when deletions were introduced in the collagen promoter of plasmids containing negatively oriented intronic sequences. Evidence for interaction of the promoter with the intronic segment, A274, was obtained by gel mobility shift assays. We suggest that promoter-intron interactions, mediated by DNA-binding proteins, regulate collagen gene transcription. Inversion of intronic segments containing critical interactive elements might then lead to an altered geometry and reduced activity of a transcriptional complex in those cells with sufficiently high levels of appropriate transcription factors. We further suggest that the deleted promoter segment plays a key role in directing DNA interactions involved in transcriptional control. PMID- 3211131 TI - Organization of the Ly-5 gene. AB - A single Ly-5 gene is known to generate a variety of transmembrane glycoprotein isoforms that distinguish various cell lineages and stages of differentiation within the hematopoietic developmental compartment of the mouse. Systems homologous to Ly-5 are known in rats and in humans. The complete exon-intron organization of the Ly-5 gene is described in this report. The Ly-5 gene occupies about 120 kilobases of chromosome 1 and comprises 34 exons, of which 32 (Ex-3 to Ex-34) are protein coding. Ex-1, Ex-2, and parts of Ex-3 and Ex-34 are untranslated. In all cDNA clones examined, either Ex-1 or Ex-2 was represented, but not both, implying that Ex-1 and Ex-2 in Ly-5 mRNA may be mutually exclusive. Primer extension and S1 nuclease protection mapping were used to identify initiation (cap) sites for transcription. The finding of putative cap sites for Ex-1 and Ex-2, and of corresponding TATA-like sequences, suggests the presence of two promoters. In both Ex-1+ and Ex-2+ cDNA clones the next exon is Ex-3, which has a translation-initiating codon. The intron between Ex-3 and Ex-4 is unusually long, about 50 kilobases. Evidence is given that Ex-5, like Ex-6 and Ex-7 (studied previously), is another alternative exon that is selectively programmed, alone or together with Ex-6 or Ex-7 or both, to generate actual or potential Ly-5 isoforms by alternative splicing. PMID- 3211132 TI - Intracellular precursors and secretion of alkaline extracellular protease of Yarrowia lipolytica. AB - Processing and secretion of the alkaline extracellular protease (AEP) from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was studied by pulse-chase and immunoprecipitation experiments. Over half of newly synthesized AEP was secreted by 6 min. Over 99% of AEP activity which was external to the cytoplasmic membrane was located in the supernatant medium. Polypeptides of 55, 52, 44, 36, and 32 kilodaltons (55K, 52K, 44K, 36K, and 32K polypeptides) were immunoprecipitated from [3H]leucine-labeled cell extracts by rabbit antibodies raised against mature, secreted AEP (32K polypeptide). Experiments with tunicamycin and endoglycosidase H indicated that the 55K, 52K, and 44K polypeptides contained about 2 kilodaltons of N-linked oligosaccharide and that the 36K and 32K polypeptides contained none. Results of pulse-chase experiments did not fit a simple precursor-product relationship of 55K----52K----44K----36K----32K. In fact, maximum labeling intensity of the 52K polypeptide occurred later than for the 44K and 36K polypeptides. Secretion of polypeptides of 19 and 20 kilodaltons derived from the proregion of AEP indicated that one major processing pathway was 55K----52K----32K. The gene coding for AEP (XPR2) was cloned and sequenced. The sequence and the immunoprecipitation results suggest that AEP is originally synthesized with an additional preproI-proII proIII amino-terminal region. Processing definitely involves cleavage(s) after pairs of basic amino acids and the addition of one N-linked oligosaccharide. Signal peptidase cleavage, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase cleavages, and at least one additional proteolytic cleavage may also be involved. PMID- 3211133 TI - Developmental programs of human erythroleukemia cells: globin gene expression and methylation. AB - We investigated the programs of globin gene expression in three known (K562, HEL, and KMOE) and three novel (OCI-M1, OCI-M2, and HEL-R) human erythroleukemic cell lines of adult origin. RNAs from induced and uninduced cells were analyzed for epsilon-, gamma-, delta-, and beta-, zeta-globin-specific transcripts. While high level gamma-globin expression was common, the lines differed in their expression of embryonic (epsilon, zeta) and adult (delta, beta) globin mRNAs. The patterns of globin gene methylation were generally consistent with their observed expression profiles, with many of the same correlations being seen in normal cells. Although the programs of globin gene expression and methylation displayed by the lines appeared to be diverse, they were not random; rather, they made developmental sense, mimicking defined globin gene programs observed during normal human development. The characteristics exhibited by several of these lines suggest that they may have been derived from the transformation of multi- or oligopotent hematopoietic progenitor cells. We speculate that the expression of fetal or embryonic globins in these adult erythroleukemic cell lines is not an aberration of neoplastic transformation but is indicative of a fetal or embryonic potential in normal adult hematopoietic progenitors. PMID- 3211134 TI - Gene expression of human DNA polymerase alpha during cell proliferation and the cell cycle. AB - We studied the expression of the human DNA polymerase alpha gene during cell proliferation, during cell progression through the cell cycle, and in transformed cells compared with normal cells. During the activation of quiescent cells (G0 phase) to proliferate (G1/S phases), the steady-state mRNA levels, rate of synthesis of nascent polymerase protein, and enzymatic activity in vitro exhibited a substantial and concordant increase prior to the peak of in vivo DNA synthesis. In transformed cells, the respective values were amplified greater than 10-fold. In actively growing cells separated into discrete stages of the cell cycle by counterflow elutriation or by mitotic shakeoff, levels of steady state transcripts, translation rates, and enzymatic activities of polymerase alpha were constitutively and concordantly expressed at all stages of the cell cycle, with only a moderate elevation prior to the S phase and a slight decline in the G2 phase. These findings support the conclusion that the regulation of human DNA polymerase alpha gene expression is at the transcriptional level and strongly suggest that the regulatory mechanisms that are operative during the entrance of a cell into the mitotic cycle are fundamentally different from those that modulate polymerase alpha expression in continuously cycling cells. PMID- 3211135 TI - Reproducible and variable rearrangements of a Tetrahymena thermophila surface protein gene family occur during macronuclear development. AB - The expression of Tetrahymena surface proteins serotype H3 (SerH3) and serotype T (SerT) is under environmental regulation. SerH3 is expressed when cells are incubated between the temperatures of 20 and 35 degrees C, while SerT is expressed when cells are grown at temperatures above 35 degrees C. Using a SerH3 cDNA clone as a hybridization probe, we determined that (i) the SerH3 gene is a member of a multigene family; (ii) most members of this multigene family are variably rearranged during macronuclear development; and (iii) the gene which produces the SerH3 mRNA is reproducibly rearranged during macronuclear development. PMID- 3211136 TI - Effect of sequence differences between somatic and oocyte 5S RNA genes on transcriptional efficiency in an oocyte S150 extract. AB - The differential expression of the Xenopus laevis somatic and oocyte 5S RNA genes is partially, but not solely, due to several base differences near the 5' boundary of the internal control region. A hybrid oocyte 5S gene with somatic type base changes at +47, +53, +55, and +56 had intermediate transcriptional activity in oocyte S150 extracts. These base substitutions also resulted in increased affinity for a factor(s), other than TFIIIA, which forms a stable complex with the 5S gene. PMID- 3211137 TI - c-myc can induce expression of G0/G1 transition genes. AB - The human c-myc oncogene was linked to the heat shock-inducible Drosophila hsp70 promoter and used to stably transfect mouse BALB/c 3T3 cells. Heat shock of the transfectants at 42 degrees C followed by recovery at 37 degrees C resulted in the appearance of the human c-myc protein which was appropriately localized to the nuclear fraction. Two-dimensional analysis of the proteins of density arrested cells which had been heat shock treated revealed the induction of eight protein species and the repression of five protein species. All of the induced and repressed proteins were nonabundant. cDNA clones corresponding to genes induced during the G0/G1 transition were used as probes to assay for c-myc inducibility of these genes. Two anonymous sequences previously identified as serum inducible (3CH77 and 3CH92) were induced when c-myc was expressed. In response to serum stimulation, 3CH77 and 3CH92 were expressed before c-myc mRNA levels increased. However, in response to specific induction of c-myc by heat shock of serum arrested cells, 3CH77 and 3CH92 mRNA levels increased after the rise in c-myc mRNA. Therefore, we hypothesize that abnormal expression of c-myc can induce genes involved in the proliferative response. PMID- 3211138 TI - DNA sequences involved in transcriptional regulation of the mouse beta-globin promoter in murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - We have developed a transient assay in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells to analyze the cis-acting sequence requirements for transcriptional regulation of the mouse beta-major-globin promoter. From deletion analysis, a fragment of the promoter region, from -106 to +26 relative to the RNA cap site, was found to be sufficient for regulated transcription in MEL cells following induction of differentiation by dimethyl sulfoxide. Single-base mutational analysis of this 132-base-pair promoter fragment identified three sequence elements required for transcription in MEL cells. These are the ATATAA sequence at -31 to -26, the CCAATC sequence between -77 and -72, and the GCCACACCC sequence between -95 and 87. In addition, we found a requirement for sequences adjacent to the CCAAT and ATATAA consensus motifs. Point mutations within the promoter did not abolish transcriptional regulation following induction of differentiation by dimethyl sulfoxide. However, mutations that resulted in reduced transcription levels in uninduced MEL cells gave similarly decreased levels in induced MEL cells. PMID- 3211139 TI - Posttranslational processing of endogenous and of baculovirus-expressed human gastrin-releasing peptide precursor. AB - The 27-amino-acid gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP1-27) is a neuropeptide and growth factor that is synthesized by various neural and neuroendocrine cells. The major pro-GRP hormone (isoform I) contains both GRP1-27 and a novel C-terminal extension peptide termed pro-GRP31-125. In order to define potentially active neuropeptides that could be generated from this novel protein domain, we analyzed the posttranslational processing of endogenous human pro-GRP1-125 in a small-cell lung cancer cell line. Because such studies are much easier in an overexpression system, we investigated at the same time the posttranslational processing of baculovirus-expressed human pro-GRP1-125 in an insect ovary cell line. In the small-cell lung cancer cell line, GRP1-27 was cleaved as expected from the endogenous prohormone at a pair of basic amino acids (29 and 30) and alpha amidated at its C-terminal methionine; however, a number of novel peptides were generated by additional cleavages in the pro-GRP31-125 domain. In the insect ovary cell line, GRP1-27 was cleaved from the expressed prohormone by a different mechanism, as were a number of other peptides that appeared to be similar in size to those produced by the human neuroendocrine tumor cell line. These data show for the first time that an insect ovary cell line that is widely used to overexpress proteins can process a human neuropeptide precursor. They also reveal the existence of novel pro-GRP-derived peptides that are candidates for biologically active ligands. PMID- 3211140 TI - Genetic tagging of tumor cells with retrovirus vectors: clonal analysis of tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. AB - Retrovirus vector infection was used to introduce large numbers of unique genetic markers into tumor cell populations for the purpose of analyzing comparative changes in the clonal composition of metastatic versus that of nonmetastatic tumors during their progressive growth in vivo. The cell lines used were SP1, a nonmetastatic, aneuploid mouse mammary adenocarcinoma, and SP1HU9L, a metastatic variant of SP1. Cells were infected with delta e delta pMoTN, a replication defective retrovirus vector which possesses the dominant selectable neo gene and crippled long terminal repeats. G418r colonies were obtained at a frequency of 4 x 10(-3). Southern blot analysis of a number of clones provided evidence of random and heritable integration of one or two copies of the proviral DNA. Clonal evolution of primary tumor growth and the nature of lineage relationships among spontaneous metastases and primary tumors were analyzed by subcutaneously injecting 10(5) cells from a pooled mixture of 3.6 x 10(2) G418r SP1HU9L or 10(4) G418r SP1 colonies into syngeneic CBA/J mice. The most striking finding was the relative clonal homogeneity of advanced primary tumors; they invariably consisted of a small number (less than 10) of distinct clones despite the fact that hundreds or thousands of uniquely marked clones had been injected. In the case of the metastatic SP1HU9L cells, the nature of these "dominant" clones varied from one tumor to another. Analysis of a number of lung metastases revealed that a proportion of them were derived from dominant primary tumor clones and were composed of one, and sometimes two, distinct progenitors. In some animals, all the lung metastases were derived from a common progenitor clone, whereas in others, each metastatic nodule had a different progenitor. The results show the following. (i) Retrovirus vector infection can be used to introduce large numbers of unique and stable clonal markers into tumor cell populations. (ii) The progeny of a very limited number of clones dominate in advanced primary tumors. (iii) Mammary carcinoma metastases are of mono- or biclonal origin. The significance of the results is discussed. PMID- 3211141 TI - Determinants that contribute to cytoplasmic stability of human c-fos and beta globin mRNAs are located at several sites in each mRNA. AB - We have analyzed the contributions to cytoplasmic stability in an mRNA species with a very short half-life (human c-fos) and an mRNA species with a very long half-life (human beta-globin). When the human c-fos promoter was used to drive the expression of human c-fos, beta-globin, and chimeric DNAs between c-fos and beta-globin in transfected cells, a pulse of mRNA synthesis was obtained following induction of transcription by refeeding quiescent cells with medium containing 15% calf serum. The mRNA half-life was determined by using Northern (RNA) blot analysis of mRNAs prepared at various times following the pulse of transcription. Under these conditions human c-fos mRNA exhibited a half-life of 6.6 min and human beta-globin mRNA exhibited a half-life of 17.5 h. Replacement of the 3' end of the c-fos mRNA with the 3' end of the beta-globin mRNA increased the half-life of the resultant RNA from 6.6 to 34 min. The reciprocal chimera had a half-life of 34.6 min compared with the 17.5-h half-life of beta-globin mRNA. These results suggest that sequences which make a major contribution to mRNA stability reside in the 3' end of either or both molecules. A chimera in which the 5' untranslated region of globin was replaced by part of the 5' untranslated region of fos led to destabilization of the encoded mRNA. This construct produced an mRNA with a half-life of 6.8 h instead of the 17.5-h half-life of globin. This result suggests that additional determinants of stability reside in the 5' end of these mRNA molecules. Substitution of part of the 5' untranslated region of fos by the 5' untranslated region of beta-globin yielded an mRNA with stability similar to fos mRNA. These results suggest that interactions among sequences within each mRNA contribute to the stability of the respective molecules. PMID- 3211142 TI - Functional cloning of mouse chromosomal loci specifically active in embryonal carcinoma stem cells. AB - Chromosomal loci that are specifically active in embryonal carcinoma stem cells were cloned from the mouse genome by functional selection. P19 cells, a pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line, were transfected with an enhancer trap (a plasmid containing an enhancerless inactive neo gene), and NEO+ transformants were isolated. All of the NEO+ cell lines retained pluripotency and expressed the neo gene. When the cells were induced to differentiate, most of the cell lines continued to express the neo gene, while the neo gene in some cell lines became repressed. From the latter group of cell lines, we have cloned the integrated neo gene plus the flanking cellular DNA sequences. Three of the six cloned DNAs possessed a high NEO+-transforming activity in undifferentiated P19 cells. Among these three, two (015 and 052) were inactive in differentiated P19 cells and NIH 3T3 cells, while the remaining one was active in these differentiated cells. Deletion analysis suggested that both 015 and 052 contain two regulatory elements (promoter and enhancer) of cellular DNA origin. The putative enhancer and promoter are separated by at least 6 kilobases in 015 and 1 kilobase in 052. Therefore, 015 and 052 cloned fragments contain regulatory DNA elements that are specifically active in the embryonal carcinoma stem cells. PMID- 3211143 TI - Expression of heat shock proteins by isolated mouse spermatogenic cells. AB - Proteins of the hsp70 family are abundant in mouse spermatogenic cells. These cells also synthesize relatively large amounts of a 70,000-molecular-weight protein (P70) that appears to be a cell-specific isoform of hsp70, the major heat inducible protein (R.L. Allen, D.A. O'Brien, and E.M. Eddy, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:828-832, 1988). In this study, proteins of unstressed and heat-stressed spermatogenic cells consisting of purified preparations of preleptotene, leptotene-zygotene, pachytene spermatocytes, and round spermatids were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Unstressed preleptotene and leptotene-zygotene spermatocytes contained little P70, whereas relatively large amounts of P70 were present in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Labeling studies showed that P70 was synthesized primarily in pachytene spermatocytes and that little synthesis occurred in round spermatids or in preleptotene and leptotene-zygotene stages of spermatogenesis. Synthesis of hsp70 was not detectable in unstressed cells but was induced in all stages of isolated germ cells following heat stress. These results indicate that P70 is expressed in a stage-specific manner during cell differentiation, whereas hsp70 is synthesized in response to stress in all populations of isolated spermatogenic cells examined. PMID- 3211144 TI - Effect of mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibitors on erythroid differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia (Friend) cells. AB - When mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells were incubated in the presence of chloramphenicol (a specific inhibitor for mitochondrial protein synthesis) during the early stage of in vitro erythroid differentiation, the number of induced erythroid cells was greatly reduced. By use of cell fusion between two genetically marked MEL cells, this finding was further investigated. We found that the drug, along with other agents which inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis, blocked the induction and turnover of the DMSO-inducible intracellular erythroid-inducing activity (differentiation-inducing factor II) in a manner similar to that of cycloheximide, an inhibitor for nuclear protein synthesis. The inhibitory effect was confirmed by directly assaying differentiation-inducing factor II in the cell extracts. These results strongly suggest that mitochondrial protein synthesis is closely associated with in vitro erythroid differentiation of MEL cells. PMID- 3211145 TI - Purification and characterization of a high-mobility-group-like DNA-binding protein that stimulates rRNA synthesis in vitro. AB - A 16,000-dalton, high-mobility-group-like (HMG-like) DNA-binding protein, referred to as p16, has been purified to homogeneity from Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells. p16 binds specifically to a portion of the 5' flanking region of the rat rRNA gene (-620 to -417), which is part of the upstream activator sequence identified previously (B. G. Cassidy, H.-F. Yang-Yen, and L. I. Rothblum, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:2766-2773, 1986). p16 also binds to a segment of the external transcribed spacer (+352 to +545). In vitro reconstituted transcription experiments demonstrated that the addition of p16 stimulated rRNA synthesis up to ca. fourfold. The stimulation was dose dependent and saturable. The effect of p16 on ribosomal gene transcription was also dependent on the presence of either the upstream or the downstream DNA-binding site, or both. The amino acid composition of p16 is very similar to that of HMG-I, suggesting that p16 may be a member of the HMG-I family of proteins. In this case, our results suggest that HMG proteins may play an important role in the regulation of the rRNA gene expression. PMID- 3211146 TI - Developmental expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta in mouse fetus. AB - Expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and TGF-beta 1 during the fetal development of mice was evaluated by in situ hybridization. TGF-alpha mRNA was detected in 9- and 10-day fetuses but was absent in older fetuses. TGF-alpha mRNA-containing cells were found in the placenta, otic vesicle, oral cavity, pharyngeal pouch, first and second branchial arches, and developing kidneys. mRNA for TGF-beta 1 was present in hematopoietic cells of blood islands and capillaries and in the liver as it began to bud off on day 10 and function as a hematopoietic organ. PMID- 3211147 TI - The human FGF-5 oncogene encodes a novel protein related to fibroblast growth factors. AB - We previously described the isolation of a human oncogene which had acquired transforming potential by a DNA rearrangement accompanying transfection of NIH 3T3 cells with human tumor DNA (X. Zhan, A. Culpepper, M. Reddy, J. Loveless, and M. Goldfarb, Oncogene 1:369-376, 1987). We now term this oncogene the FGF-5 gene, since it specifies the fifth documented protein related to fibroblast growth factors (FGFs. Two regions of the FGF-5 sequence, containing 122 of its 267 amino acid residues, were 40 to 50% homologous to the sequences of acidic and basic FGFs as well as to the sequences of the FGF-related oncoproteins int-2 and hst/KS3. The FGF-5 gene bears the three exon structures typical for members of this family. FGF-5 was found to be expressed in the neonatal brain and in 3 of the 13 human tumor cell lines examined. Several experiments strongly suggested that FGF-5 is a growth factor with properties common to those of acidic and basic FGFs. The rearrangement which activated the FGF-5 gene during DNA transfection had juxtaposed a retrovirus transcriptional enhancer just upstream from the native promoter of the gene. PMID- 3211148 TI - Purification and characterization of human mitochondrial transcription factor 1. AB - We purified to near homogeneity a transcription factor from human KB cell mitochondria. This factor, designated mitochondrial transcription factor 1 (mtTF1), is required for the in vitro recognition of both major promoters of human mitochondrial DNA by the homologous mitochondrial RNA polymerase. Furthermore, it has been shown to bind upstream regulatory elements of the two major promoters. After separation from RNA polymerase by phosphocellulose chromatography, mtTF1 was chromatographed on a MonoQ anion-exchange fast performance liquid chromatography column. Analysis of mtTF1-containing fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a single major polypeptide with an Mr of approximately 25,000. Centrifugation in analytical glycerol gradients indicated a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 2.5 S, consistent with a monomeric 25-kilodalton protein. Finally, when the 25-kilodalton polypeptide was excised from a stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and allowed to renature, it regained DNA-binding and transcriptional stimulatory activities at both promoters. Although mtTF1 is the only mitochondrial DNA-binding transcription factor to be purified and characterized, its properties, such as a high affinity for random DNA and a weak specificity for one of its target sequences, may typify this class of regulatory proteins. PMID- 3211149 TI - p145, a protein with associated tyrosine kinase activity in a human gastric carcinoma cell line. AB - A protein with an Mr of 145,000 (p145) was detected by antibodies to phosphotyrosine by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis. This protein was phosphorylated on tyrosine in a gastric carcinoma cell line. In cells that were metabolically labeled with 32Pi, this protein was phosphorylated on tyrosine and serine. p145 is a cysteine-rich transmembrane glycoprotein. The extracellular domain could be labeled by 125I under nonpermeating conditions and was cleaved by mild trypsin treatment of intact cells. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions revealed a shift of p145 mobility to an apparent Mr of 190,000. After immunoprecipitation with phosphotyrosine antibodies, p145 displayed a strong associated protein kinase activity in vitro, becoming phosphorylated on tyrosine. There was no immunological cross-reaction between p145 and known tyrosine kinases. Both in vivo and in vitro tyrosine phosphorylations were unaffected by the addition of known growth factors. However, p145 was rapidly dephosphorylated in vivo when cells were exposed to low pH, a condition that is known to dissociate ligands from their receptors. These data suggest that p145 is associated with a protein tyrosine kinase activity which, in the tumor cell line studied, is activated by an as yet unidentified factor. PMID- 3211150 TI - Stabilization of tubulin mRNA by inhibition of protein synthesis in sea urchin embryos. AB - An increased level of unpolymerized tubulin caused by depolymerization of microtubules in sea urchin larvae resulted in a rapid loss of tubulin mRNA, which was prevented by nearly complete inhibition of protein synthesis. Results of an RNA run-on assay indicated that inhibition of protein synthesis does not alter tubulin gene transcription. Analysis of the decay of tubulin mRNA in embryos in which RNA synthesis was inhibited by actinomycin D indicated that inhibition of protein synthesis prevents the destabilization of tubulin mRNA. The effect was similar whether mRNA was maintained on polysomes in the presence of emetine or anisomycin or displaced from the polysomes in the presence of puromycin or pactamycin; thus, the stabilization of tubulin mRNA is not dependent on the state of the polysomes after inhibition of protein synthesis. Even after tubulin mRNA declined to a low level after depolymerization of microtubules, it could be rescued by treatment of embryos with inhibitors of protein synthesis. Tubulin mRNA could be induced to accumulate prematurely in gastrulae but not in plutei if protein synthesis was inhibited, an observation that is indicative of the importance of the autogenous regulation of tubulin mRNA stability during embryogenesis. Possible explanations for the role of protein synthesis in the control of mRNA stability are discussed. PMID- 3211152 TI - Differential thyroid hormone-regulated rat thyrotropin beta gene expression detected by blot hybridization. AB - In the rat, there is a single TSH beta-subunit gene represented by three exons interrupted by two introns. This gene contains two promoters which determines the synthesis of two mRNAs with 5'-untranslated regions that differ by 43 base pairs. This study evaluates the steady state levels of these TSH beta mRNAs in various thyroidal states. Blot hybridization analyses of pituitary mRNA with synthetic probes designed to detect either one or both TSH beta mRNAs were performed. One probe corresponds to 24 bases in the 5'-untranslated region of mRNA1 and a second corresponds to 25 nucleotides in the coding region and detects both mRNA1 and mRNA2. These studies indicate the presence of TSH beta mRNA species of indistinguishable size consistent with the presence of two TSH beta mRNAs that contain slightly different 5'-untranslated regions. Comparison of pituitary RNA obtained from normal and hypothyroid rats reveals that the shorter mRNA (mRNA2) is increased approximately 6- to 8-fold with hypothyroidism while the abundance of the longer mRNA (mRNA1) is relatively unchanged. Treatment of either normal or hypothyroid animals with T3 decreases the abundance of mRNA2 while again mRNA1 is relatively unaffected. Thus, although both mRNAs are detected, only one mRNA is dramatically altered by thyroidal status. Therefore, the single rat TSH beta gene is transcribed into two mRNAs via the use of alternative promoters of which only one is markedly regulated by thyroid hormones. PMID- 3211151 TI - Structural and functional analysis of the rat malic enzyme gene promoter. AB - We have characterized sequences of genomic DNA 5' to the coding region of the rat malic enzyme gene. This sequence possesses neither TATA nor CCAAT sequences in their usual positions but is rich in GC residues. Sequences similar to those found in the regulatory regions of other genes are discussed. Deletion analyses have revealed that sequences +1 to -41 are sufficient to initiate expression, although inclusion of information up to -177 is necessary for maximal promoter activity. PMID- 3211153 TI - Porcine insulin-like growth factor-I (pIGF-I): complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning and uterine expression of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding evolutionarily conserved IGF-I peptides. AB - In order to facilitate studies of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) expression during the pregnancy-associated development of uterus and mammary gland in the pig model, we have isolated several cDNA clones corresponding to porcine IGF-I (pIGF-I) mRNA. Sequence analysis of two cDNA fragments (sigf. 2 and sigf. 3) revealed an open reading frame encoding in order a putative 25 amino acid (aa) hydrophobic leader peptide, the mature (processed) 70 aa pIGF-I peptide and a 35 aa carboxy-terminal extension (E) peptide. The deduced aa sequence of the pIGF-I peptide is identical to human and bovine IGF-I but differs from that of rat and mouse at three and four residues, respectively. The sequences of the amino- and carboxy-terminal IGF extension peptides are also highly conserved among these species. Northern analysis using sigf. 3 as a probe revealed multiple IGF-I mRNAs (including species of 8000, 2300, and 1200 nucleotides in length) in uteri of pregnant pigs. Highest levels of the uterine IGF-I mRNAs were found at early pregnancy, when increased levels of immunoreactive tissue IGF-I were also observed. Mammary levels of IGF-I mRNAs and protein were considerably lower than that observed for uterus at the same time period. Thus, uterine production of IGF I appears to be especially significant during early pregnancy in the pig when uterine growth, elevated IGF-I in uterine fluids, and rapid embryonic development are observed. PMID- 3211154 TI - Localization of glucocorticoid receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in hippocampus of rat brain using in situ hybridization. AB - An in situ hybridization procedure was applied to quantify glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNAs in the hippocampus of rat brain. Hybridization was carried out using a radiolabeled antisense probe complementary to the rat liver GR gene. The specificity of the method was validated by showing: 1) a high cellular grain density in sections hybridized with an antisense but not a sense probe; 2) agreement between the experimental and theoretical temperature at which 50% of the hybrids melted, and 3) a high signal distribution of GR mRNA in the hippocampus, a region of brain known to preferentially concentrate steroid hormones. Within the hippocampus, however, subregional differences in hybridization densities were observed. Quantitative autoradiography indicated that the average neuronal silver grain number was highest in the pyramidal cell layers of CA2 and CA4 and lowest in those of CA1 and CA3. Also, there was a significant difference in the average grain number between all of the cell fields except for that between CA2 and CA4. These results show that contiguous but neuroanatomically distinct cell fields of the hippocampus express different levels of GR transcripts, and indicate that differential regulation of GR expression occurs in subpopulations of hippocampal neurons. PMID- 3211155 TI - Estrogen effects on histone messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the rat uterus. AB - RNA was isolated from uteri of immature rats before and after estrogen treatment. The concentration of histone mRNA was analyzed by Northern hybridization and compared with messenger RNA concentration of alpha-actin, beta-actin, and beta tubulin. Steady state levels of common histone mRNAs did not change up to 9 h after hormone administration. After that time the histone mRNA levels increased significantly and reached a maximum at 18 h, several hours later than the time of maximal histone protein biosynthesis induced by estrogen. The concentration of control mRNAs (alpha- and beta-actin and beta-tubulins) increased shortly after estradiol injection and reached a peak at 9 h. These results show that the pattern of histone gene expression induced by estrogen has some features similar to those observed during embryogenesis. PMID- 3211156 TI - Full expression of uncoupling protein gene requires the concurrence of norepinephrine and triiodothyronine. AB - We have examined the uncoupling (UCP) protein gene expression in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. UCP mRNA levels were estimated by northern blot analysis of total RNA from brown adipose tissue (BAT). Stimuli were endogenous (cold) and exogenous norepinephrine (NE), isoproterenol, T3, and T4. While the euthyroid rats UCP mRNA levels increase 2- to 3-fold by 2 h after NE or overnight cold exposure, these stimuli and isoproterenol are ineffective in hypothyroid rats. One single dose of T4, equal to the daily production rate, brings about a normal response in hypothyroid rats exposed to cold overnight. Hypothyroid rats recover their responsiveness to NE approximately 4 h after a receptor saturating dose of T3. On the other hand, such a dose of T3 induces a 3- to 4-fold increase in UCP mRNA levels in hypothyroid rats without the need of exogenous NE, and this response is not reduced by raising ambient temperature to thermoneutrality (28 C). However, the following evidence indicates that T3 requires adrenergic input to stimulate the accumulation of UCP mRNA: first, euthyroid animals maintained at 28 C do not respond to such a treatment. Second, when T3 was injected to hypothyroid rats with unilaterally denervated BAT, only the intact side responded to T3 with an elevation of the UCP mRNA levels, but both sides remained responsive to T3 + NE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211157 TI - Glucocorticoid regulation of proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid content of rat hypothalamus. AB - We have verified the possibility that the POMC gene of the rat hypothalamus might be subject to regulation by glucocorticoids. Adrenalectomy increased the concentration of POMC mRNA in anterior pituitary and in hypothalamus, but not in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. Dexamethasone and, to a slightly lesser extent, corticosterone treatments reversed the adrenalectomy induced increase in POMC mRNA concentrations in both anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. Dexamethasone caused a slight decrease of POMC mRNA levels in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland, while corticosterone had no effect. These results indicate that the POMC gene of the rat brain hypothalamus is also under negative control by glucocorticoids. PMID- 3211158 TI - Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning of a novel transforming growth factor beta messenger ribonucleic acid from chick embryo chondrocytes. AB - Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) has been purified and the mRNA cloned from a number of mammalian species including human, murine, bovine, porcine, and simian. Using a human TGF beta 1 cDNA probe, we have detected two distinct TGF beta RNAs in cultured primary chick embryo chondrocytes. One of these RNAs, migrating at about 1.7 kilobases, shows similarity to mammalian TGF beta 1. The second RNA, migrating at about 3 kilobases, is a novel TGF beta mRNA which we have named TGF beta 3. Clones corresponding to each of these RNAs were isolated from a cultured primary chick embryo chondrocyte cDNA library. Two cDNA clones for TGF beta 3, pTGFB-ChX17 and pTGFB-ChX25, contained a 39 nucleotide long 5'-untranslated region, a 1236 nucleotide-long coding region, and a 911 nucleotide-long 3'-untranslated region. The predicted protein includes a signal peptide of 20-23 amino acids as in human TGF beta 1 and 2, and a precursor protein consisting of 412 amino acids, which can be cleaved at a lys-arg site to produce a 112 amino acid processed peptide containing nine cysteine residues in the same positions as in human TGF beta 1 and 2. At the nucleotide level, the processed coding region of TGF beta 3 shows 72% and 76% identity with the processed coding regions of human TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2, respectively; at the amino acid level, TGF beta 3 shows 76% identity with TGF beta 1 and 79% identity with TGF beta 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211159 TI - Evidence that serum amyloid P component binds to mannose-terminated sequences of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. AB - Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a normal human serum protein with pentraxin structure that has morphological and immunochemical identity to the amyloid P component found in normal tissue and amyloid deposits. In the presence of calcium, SAP binds to certain complex polysaccharides, including agarose and zymosan. While the binding of SAP to agarose involves interaction with a galactose pyruvate acetal, the ligand in zymosan has not been defined. In the present study we determined that SAP binds to ligand(s) in a soluble extract of zymosan prepared by alkaline hydrolysis, which contains the mannose oligosaccharide sequences alpha DMan1----3DMan and alpha DMan1----6DMan. SAP did not bind to the alkali-insoluble fraction of zymosan, which is predominantly a glucan polymer, and its binding to zymosan extract which had been absorbed with concanavalin A was markedly reduced, suggesting that mannose residues are involved in the binding of SAP to zymosan. We also demonstrated that SAP binds to the glycoproteins ovalbumin, thyroglobulin, beta-glucuronidase and C3bi, which contain mannose-terminated sequences, while it did not bind to native and desialized preparations of ovomucoid, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and glycophorin, which lack terminal mannose residues. SAP did not bind to pneumococcal C polysaccharide or to N-acetylglucosamine oligosaccharides covalently linked to a protein carrier. The binding of SAP to ligand(s) in zymosan extract or ovalbumin was inhibited by the preincubation of SAP with either zymosan extract or ovalbumin glycopeptides, both of which share similar mannose oligosaccharide sequences. All of the SAP binding reactions required calcium, were maximal at approximately 1 mM calcium, and gave similar results whether purified SAP or SAP in serum was used. These findings indicate that mannose-terminated oligosaccharides of polysaccharides and glycoproteins represent a new class of ligands for SAP and suggest that SAP may function as a mannose-binding protein. PMID- 3211160 TI - Combinatorial association of V genes: one VH gene codes for three non-cross reactive monoclonal antibodies each specific for a different antigen (phoxazolone, NP or gat). AB - Two anti-phenyloxazolone (phOx3) and one anti-GAT MAbs from C57BL mice are shown to be coded by VH gene 186.2. This gene has been found earlier to code for several anti-NP (NNP) antibodies (Bothwell et al., 1981) and anti-GT antibodies (Rocca-Serra et al., 1983; Carmack and Pincus, 1986). The L chain partner of the VH 186.2 gene is different in anti-NP and anti-GAT antibodies (Bothwell et al., 1981; Rocca-Serra et al., 1983; Carmack and Pincus, 1986); in anti-phOx antibodies two new unrelated kappa chain V regions were found. Both of the new VK genes involved code frequently for anti-phOx antibodies in BALB/c mice but then with different VH genes. We tested five 186.2-coded antibodies for cross reactions. Four antibodies were specific, one bound only to NNP, one only to phOx and two only to GT (GAT). The fifth antibody (anti-phOx) bound also to NNP, GAT and ABA-HOP though probably with a low affinity. This is the first demonstration that one V gene can code for three different antibody specificities. It emphasizes the role of the combinatorial element in antibody diversity. PMID- 3211161 TI - Structure-function relationships in the inhibitory effect of heparin on complement activation: independency of the anti-coagulant and anti-complementary sites on the heparin molecule. AB - Fluid phase heparin inhibits formation of the classical and alternative pathway C3 convertase of complement in assays performed either with purified complement proteins or in whole serum. Experiments using oligosaccharides of homogeneous mol. wt obtained by mild nitrous hydrolysis of heparin, demonstrated that the inhibitory activity of heparin increased exponentially with mol. wt for fragments containing between 4 and 14 saccharidic units and that fragments of mol. wt above 4700 (greater than 14 saccharidic units) had a similar anti-complementary activity to that of native heparin. Fragments of homogeneous mol. wt (octasaccharides) separated by ion exchange chromatography on the basis of negative charges, exhibited increasing inhibitory activity with increasing sulfate content. Over-sulfation of fragments of defined mol. wt resulted in a constant enhancement of the relative capacity of each fragment species to inhibit formation of the classical and alternative pathway C3 convertases. A synthetic pentasaccharide representing the minimal critical sequence responsible for the binding of heparin to anti-thrombin III exhibited a similar inhibitory capacity on formation of the C3 convertases as another synthetic pentasaccharide that was devoid of anti-Xa activity. These studies contribute to define a minimal structure of the heparin molecule with C3b- and C4b-binding capacity and definitively establish the independency of the anti-coagulant and anti complementary sites on the heparin molecule. PMID- 3211162 TI - Production and characterization of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies against morphine. AB - Twelve hybridoma cell lines producing MAbs against morphine were established by using morphine hemisuccinate-conjugated bovine serum albumin as an immunogen. The MAbs belonged to the IgG1 subclass with kappa- or lambda-chains. The association constants of the antibodies ranged from 4.6 x 10(8) to 4.7 x 10(10) (M-1). These antibodies revealed slightly different cross-reactivities with various agonistic opiates and antagonists. In general, the antibodies were strongly cross-reactive with the opiate agonists, codeine, ethylmorphine, dihydromorphine and dihydrocodeine, while their cross-reactivities with norcodeine and the opiate antagonists, naloxone and naltrexone, were weak. The cross-reactivities with dihydromorphinone, dihydrocodeinone, naloxone, naltrexone, dextromethorphan and homatropine varied from clone to clone. Interestingly, certain MAbs displayed weak but significant cross-reactivities with the synthetic opiate, meperidine. However, none of the antibodies was cross-reactive with the opioid peptides, beta endorphin, Met-enkephalin, and D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalinamide. Radioimmunoassay for morphine using one of the antibodies (MOR 131.5.13) was shown to be sufficiently sensitive (IC50 = 0.1 nM) for the purposes of forensic analysis of morphine. This set of monoclonal anti-opiate antibodies is assumed to be suitable for analyzing the structure-function relationship in the hapten-antibody interaction, since the antibodies revealed similar but not identical cross reactivities with various morphine related compounds. PMID- 3211163 TI - [Pediatrics in the Third World]. PMID- 3211164 TI - [Pediatric research in the tropics: pros and cons]. AB - Despite all efforts, the research activities of German paediatricians in the sectors of tropical medicine and provision of medical services in developing countries still cannot be described as adequate. An increased level of commitment is therefore required of each individual paediatrician. PMID- 3211165 TI - [The problem of a medical health program for children in the Sahal zone of Africa: exemplified by Burkina Faso]. AB - To date, medical programmes aimed at helping children have tended to be well meant rather than effective. However, the scientific evaluation of past experience may provide helpers and those who bear the political responsibility with the knowledge that they require in order to render such programmes more effective. Long-term, broad-based (i.e. national or politically supported) programmes are preferable to spontaneous and timely actions. PMID- 3211166 TI - [The course of myocarditis in childhood]. AB - Seventeen patients, aged from 2 days to 16 1/2 years, all suffering from acute myocarditis, were observed between 1975 and 1987. At the onset of the acute infection all patients had a severe disfunction of the left ventricle. Two patients died after hospital admission. Death occurred after one day and after five days, respectively. Postmortem examination showed inflammatory reaction within the myocardium with cellular infiltrates in both cases, and a variable degree of myocardial necrosis in one. The remaining 15 patients had follow-up check-ups between 2 months and 8.25 years later. Electrocardiographic abnormalities disappeared within 3 month in all patients, and the reduced fractional shortening of the left ventricle became normal in 80% of the patients after 5.5 months. At the last follow-ups one patient showed dilated cardiomyopathy. The other patients showed complete recovery regarding their functional capacity and regarding other clinical findings even though 50% still had some minor abnormalities in the echocardiogram and on the chest x-ray. Based on the findings of this follow-up investigation, the prognosis of acute myocarditis in childhood seems as being favourable, although some residual myocardial damage may occur. In most cases this residual myocardial damage is clinically and functionally insignificant. However, in some rare cases, significant chronic myocardial damage will be found. PMID- 3211167 TI - [Effect of aminophylline therapy in mature infants with sleep apnea syndrome]. AB - Pneumograms of 33 fullterm infants (age 1-16 weeks) with idiopathic sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), treated with aminophyllin administered orally, were compared with pneumograms of 12 age-matched infants without aminophyllin treatment. In a one hour oxycardiorespirography (OCRG) all infants had pneumogram abnormalities defined as apneas greater than or equal to 15 s, greater than or equal to 3 apneas lasting 10 s, MA-value (mean duration of all apneas during sleep time) greater than or equal to 7 s/min, and greater than or equal to 3 episodes of periodic breathing. The diagnosis of an SAS, discussed as a possible risk factor of SIDS, was made in general in the presence of clinical symptoms such as apneas, cyanosis during sleep, poorly coordinated sucking, swallowing and respiration, and gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) in combination with an abnormal pneumogram. Of the 33 infants 12 with a history of an SIDS sibling were clinically asymptomatic. We found that after one week of aminophyllin treatment in 88% the pneumograms were normal. The mean plasma concentration of aminophyllin at this time was 8.3 micrograms/ml (range 4-19 micrograms/ml). All abnormalities showed a statistically significant reduction. In the infants without aminophyllin the pneumogram was still abnormal and no abnormality was significantly reduced. After at least 6 weeks we discontinued aminophyllin and one week later we monitored the OCRG. In 83% of the infants we found a normal pneumogram and compared to the initial pneumogram there was again a statistically significant difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211168 TI - [Follow-up of 60 children with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease]. AB - The clinical courses of 60 children suffering from ulcerative Colitis (UC, n = 21) and Crohn's disease (CD, n = 39) were investigated over a period of 8.7 and 5.1 years respectively. At the time of diagnosis all UC-patients showed mucohemorrhagic feces. Relapses often occurred after emotional stress and in 81% of all patients during the winter season. Typical late complications were arthritis (6/21), osteoporosis (6/21), allergic diseases (8/21) and diabetes mellitus (2/21). However, the psychosomatic development appeared normal in at least 17/21 of these patients. Generally the courses in children with CD were more serious. Despite intensive therapy 15/39 children developed an intestinal stenosis which was followed by bowel resection in 11 of them. Further complications were fistulas (6/39), abscess-formations (4/39) and osteoporosis (12/39) due to steroid therapy. Only 12/39 showed a significant catch-up growth. Interviews and psychological tests revealed that CD-patients were introverted with strong connections to their families. Equally they longed for approval and social contact with their contemporaries. PMID- 3211169 TI - [Penis agenesis, persistent cloaca and anorectal agenesis]. AB - A case of penile agenesis with persistent cloaca and imperforate anus presents an extremely rare form of a caudal regression syndrome. Embryologic and practical considerations are discussed. PMID- 3211170 TI - [Chronic gait disorder caused by pigmented villonodular synovitis of the sole of the foot]. AB - A 13 year old girl showed increasingly over one and a half year a gait disturbance suspected to be a progressive neurologic disorder. Laboratory tests and routine x-rays were normal. Soft tissue radiography finally demonstrated a dense area on the sole of the left foot which was excised and identified as a pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS). The girl is well now. Because PVNS is a rare disorder in childhood the diagnosis is seldom suspected and difficult; however, it should be considered as a cause for localised pain and its consequences. PMID- 3211171 TI - [Lung sequestration as a cause of acute cardiac decompensation in a 3-week-old newborn infant]. AB - A 3 week old neonate developed congestive heart failure after the operation of an omphalocele. The clinical aspect first suggested to us a persistent ductus arteriosus. Cardiac catheterisation then revealed a bronchopulmonary sequestration, a rare congenital malformation. Children usually become symptomatic with chronic respiratory tract infections, although there are also asymptomatic courses. Only a few cases are reported with congestive heart failure being the initial symptom. Many patients show additional malformations--so did our baby with an omphalocele and a mild peripheral pulmonary stenosis. Once the diagnosis is made, resection or lobectomy is the therapy of choice. In the preoperative diagnosis angiography is mandatory to demonstrate the abnormal vascular supply. PMID- 3211173 TI - [Rapid drug information from the federal health office]. PMID- 3211172 TI - [Mesenteric fibromatosis in childhood]. AB - A case of omento-mesenterial fibromatosis in a 6-year-old boy revealing through acute intestinal obstruction is reported. Mesenterial fibromatosis, also known as aggressive fibromatosis or desmoid tumor is generally associated with Gardner's syndrome but otherwise an extremely rare disease. Fibromatoses do not metastasize but are characterized by a high incidence of local recurrence. Primary treatment is operative. After multiple recurrence irradiation, cytostatics and antiestrogens have been used additionally to control the disease. PMID- 3211174 TI - [18th annual meeting of the Working Group on Pediatric Nephrology. 10-12 March 1988, Hannover. Abstracts]. PMID- 3211175 TI - Concurrent hypnogenic and reflex paroxysmal dystonia. AB - A 29-year-old patient with nocturnal episodes of paroxysmal dystonia is described. In addition, attacks could be provoked by stimulation of his right foot. Treatment with phenytoin resulted in a marked reduction in the frequency of the episodes. PMID- 3211176 TI - Comparison between L-dopa and lisuride intravenous infusions: a clinical study. AB - L-Dopa is still the most effective drug for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease, but after 5 years or more of therapy fluctuations in motor performance and abnormal involuntary movements commonly appear. Continuous intravenous infusions of L-Dopa abolish or strikingly reduce such fluctuations. Unfortunately, this is not suitable for daily treatment because of the low solubility of L-Dopa. Lisuride is a potent dopamine agonist and is very soluble in water. In this study the clinical effects of L-Dopa and lisuride continuous intravenous infusions were compared in a group of 20 fluctuating parkinsonian patients. L-Dopa controlled fluctuations in almost all the subjects, whereas only seven patients were continuously mobile while taking lisuride. Another seven patients showed a fluctuating response and the remaining six did not satisfactorily respond to lisuride. Dyskinesias were present in all patients during "on" phases, with both levodopa and lisuride treatment. PMID- 3211177 TI - Primary CNS lymphoma presenting as a choreic movement disorder followed by segmental dystonia. AB - Clinical presentation of primary CNS lymphoma with an extrapyramidal movement disorder has not been recorded. A 66-year-old woman presented with chorea involving her left arm and subsequently developed right-sided segmental dystonia with prominent hemifacial dystonic spasms, milder torticollis and dystonia of the right arm. Investigations revealed primary CNS lymphoma with extensive involvement of the right-sided basal ganglia as well as lesions confined to the head of the left caudate nucleus and the corpus callosum. Chorea of her left arm subsided with progressing disease while remission of right-sided segmental dystonia was observed following radiotherapy of the brain. This patient's findings and a review of the literature suggest a possible relation between cranio-cervical dystonia and pathology affecting the head of the caudate nucleus. PMID- 3211178 TI - Blepharoclonus provoked by voluntary eye closure. AB - A patient of 23 years of age is presented who, on recovery following a severe head injury, developed abnormal involuntary movements of the eyelids. This consisted of intermittent blepharoclonus which recurred repetitively on voluntary, but not forced, eye closure. The possible genesis of this disorder will be discussed. PMID- 3211179 TI - Multiple sclerosis presenting as adult onset dystonia. PMID- 3211180 TI - Systemic toxicity of botulinum toxin by intramuscular injection in the monkey. AB - Botulinum toxin (Oculinum) was injected intramuscularly into eight monkeys. The LD50 dose is estimated to be approximately 39 U/kg body weight. The lowest dose that caused systemic toxicity, 33 U/kg, was close to the fatal dose range, 38-42 U/kg. PMID- 3211181 TI - Degenerative cerebellar ataxia and focal dystonia. AB - Eight patients with a variety of degenerative cerebellar ataxias are described in whom focal dystonia was a prominent presenting feature. PMID- 3211182 TI - Case 1, 1988. Head tilt in a young girl associated with neck pain and limitation of neck movement. PMID- 3211183 TI - Case 2, 1988. Congenital mental retardation and juvenile parkinsonism. PMID- 3211184 TI - [Phospholipids of bacteria of Brucella genus]. AB - The phospholipid composition of 6 Brucella species (B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. ovis. B. canis, B. neotomae) and Australian mouse-derived strains of Brucella N 4, 11, 12 were studied. Comparison of phospholipid composition of Brucella cells with that of serologically related microorganisms revealed that all Brucella biotypes contain phosphatidyl-(N-methyl)ethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine while Y. enterocolitica, Sh. disenteriae, E. coli cells do not contain these two substances. It is concluded that the specific phospholipid pattern of Brucella biotypes may be useful in typing of new Brucella strains. PMID- 3211185 TI - [Specificity of fragmentation of DNA from pBR322 plasmid by Ca,Mg-dependent endonuclease from cell nuclei of human lymphocytes]. AB - Fragmentation of the plasmid pBR322 DNA by a purified preparation of Ca/Mg dependent endonuclease has been studied. It was shown that on the first steps of reaction the double-stranded cuts are introduced into the superhelical DNA independent of singlestranded ones. The doublestranded cuts are introduced into superhelical and linear DNA in 12 sites enriched with GC-pairs, 9 of them include pentanucleotide CGCGG(CCGCC) that is functionally significant. Relaxation of the plasmid DNA by topoisomerase I blocks the sitespecific action of the enzyme. Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease is concluded to be topologically dependent enzyme, possibly, participating in the recombination processes. PMID- 3211186 TI - [Genetic basis of influenza virus virulence: gene composition and virulence of reassortants between mouse-adapted and nonadapted strains from different subtypes]. AB - Reassortment analysis of the pneumovirulence for mice marker of influenza virus has been performed. The original A/USSR/90/77 (H1H1) influenza virus strain or its mouse-adapted variant were crossed with a variant of A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) influenza virus highly virulent for mice. The reassortant having HA gene of the original A/USSR/90/77 virus and the other genes of the highly virulent A/Aichi/2/68 strain was avirulent for mice, whereas a similar reassortant possessing HA gene of the mouse-adapted A/USSR/90/77 strain was as virulent as A/Aichi/2/68 parent virus. The reasortant having HA and M genes of A/Aichi/2/68 and other genes of the mouse-adapted A/USSR/90/77 was moderately virulent, resembling in this respect the latter parent. The data indicates that changes in the different genes in course of viral adaptation to mice result in a differential acquisition of virulence for mice. PMID- 3211187 TI - [Changes in the amino acid sequence of hemagglutinin during sequential adaptation of human influenza virus A to replication in mice]. AB - The primary structure of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of Influenza virus A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) variants after 3 and 11 passages has been determined. In the HA1 coding region of mice-adapted virus (11 passages) there are two amino acid substitutions: Thr 89----Ala and Asn 127----Asp. At the first stage of adaptation (3-rd passage) only a single mutation was detected: Asn 127----Asp. The adaptation is accompanied by the loss of specific carbohydrate attachment sites adjacent to the receptor-binding site located at HA1 subunit with a concomitant variation in antigenicity. PMID- 3211189 TI - [Items to be considered by those currently in charge of nursing education]. PMID- 3211188 TI - [UV-induced formation of filamentous forms in bacteria of Erwinia genus]. AB - Cells of 56 pectolytic Erwinia strains of different origin tested are prone to filamentation after UV-irradiation. The fact makes one possible to consider them natural fil+ organisms. Bacteria E. herbicola (9 strains) that are unable to synthesize pectatelyases are not transformed into filaments after NV-irradiation. The function of fil+ genes is recA-dependent in bacteria E. chrysanthemi ENA49 and is phenotypically analogous to fil+ gene function in E. coli B or lon- mutation in E. coli K12. PMID- 3211190 TI - [The role played by "education" in the organization of nursing]. PMID- 3211191 TI - [Varied objectives but the same basic philosophy--the concept of self-regulation, a common denominator in the nursing section, a group of chief nurses, educational committees and nursing research groups]. PMID- 3211192 TI - [Assignment of the educational chief nurse (committee chairperson)--my experience. Persistent effort in search of the smallest responses]. PMID- 3211193 TI - [Assignment of the educational chief nurse (committee chairperson)--my experience: creation of an educational environment--each person has the capacity to grow]. PMID- 3211195 TI - [Experiences by educational committee members--searching and learning. Education started by "groping" and "independent creation"]. PMID- 3211194 TI - [Assignment of the educational chief nurse (committee chairperson)--my experience: participants of the study at the focal point and the chief nurses as their supporters]. PMID- 3211196 TI - [Experience by educational committee members--searching and learning. Starting point in learning by finding our own shortcomings]. PMID- 3211197 TI - [Efforts toward possibilities--the goal of the educational leaders at the place of work]. PMID- 3211199 TI - [The rules and regulations related to psychiatric nursing and nursing actions]. PMID- 3211198 TI - [Planning and administration of educational programs in the hospital: keypoints to be noted]. PMID- 3211200 TI - [Description of basic clinical training at a home for the aged--creation of a program]. PMID- 3211201 TI - [Fixation of the apparatus for intravenous drip infusion in children--a safe method which enables the child to use fingers for play during infusion]. PMID- 3211202 TI - [Stress in modern society and psychological crises--the problem of our own mental health]. PMID- 3211203 TI - The operating department and the nursing process. PMID- 3211204 TI - Crisis in management; management in crisis! PMID- 3211205 TI - [Natural disasters]. AB - The attempt is made to illustrate the role played by natural disasters in the history of the earth and mankind by examples of past catastrophes. Subsequently, the earthquake of Tangshan/China in 1976 and the hypothetical scenario of a repeat of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake in a modern setting serve as a basis for discussion of the significance of natural disasters in modern times. PMID- 3211206 TI - Dihydrorhodamine 123: a new flow cytometric indicator for respiratory burst activity in neutrophil granulocytes. PMID- 3211207 TI - Gene assembly and the origin of introns. PMID- 3211208 TI - Occurrence of a human tumor marker (Ca 72-4) in animal seminal plasma. PMID- 3211209 TI - Orientation of displaced homing pigeons with shifted circadian clocks: prediction vs observation. PMID- 3211210 TI - Native fluorescence of plasma from patients with acute leukemias. PMID- 3211211 TI - Nurse executive turnover. PMID- 3211212 TI - An interview with DHHS' Richard Kusserow: weeding out fraud, waste, and abuse in health care. Interview by Richard Froh. PMID- 3211213 TI - The economic relevance of nursing faculty practice programs. PMID- 3211214 TI - Primary nursing in a psychiatric setting. PMID- 3211215 TI - A nursing governance and practice model: what are the costs? PMID- 3211216 TI - Nurse participation in hospital decision making: potential impact on the nursing shortage. PMID- 3211217 TI - "Managing" professionals: the ultimate contradiction for nurse managers. PMID- 3211218 TI - Laser magic. PMID- 3211219 TI - Pressure sores: finding the facts. PMID- 3211220 TI - Care, carers and ergonomics. PMID- 3211221 TI - [Antidromic impulsation of the dorsal roots at the time of real locomotion in rats]. AB - The antidromic activity of dorsal roots during swimming and stepping of rats was studied. It consisted of phase-dependent and tonic components of antidromic potentials. The most pronounced correlation was found between the intensity of antidromic activity and afferent input while the relation between the antidromic activity and efferent output was less appreciable. Possible sources for the initiation of antidromic activity and the significance of presynaptic depolarization in the spinal reflex control are discussed. PMID- 3211222 TI - [A mathematical model of the activity of spinal generators of rhythmic movements]. AB - Different organization schemes concerning locomotor and scratching rhythmicity generators are analyzed by means of the mathematical simulation model. A functional group of neurons (half-centre constructed on the stochastically organized neuronal network) is the basis for generator. Some organization schemes concerning locomotor and scratching rhythmicity generators are considered, such as: two half-centres with reciprocal inhibitory connections and tonic excitatory influences on these half-centres: two half-centres with inhibitory-excitatory connections and tonic excitatory influences on one half-centre; ring structures consisting of more than two functional groups of neurons with excitatory and inhibitory connections between them. In all the schemes considered generation of rhythmic activity is possible with time characteristics similar to those of the locomotor and scratching rhythmicity. It is shown that transition from locomotor to scratching rhythmicity can be realized through simply organized actions on generator neurons. Possible principles of construction of spinal generators for locomotor and scratching movements are discussed. PMID- 3211223 TI - [Spatial distribution of electrical responses in the olfactory epithelium of mice]. AB - In order to investigate the sensitivity to isovaleric acid (IVA) and isoamylacetate the electroolfactograms (EOGs) were recorded from various parts of the olfactory epithelium in two strains (AKR and C57BL/6) of mice. Odorant specific regional differences in the responsiveness were observed. This heterogeneity is apparently determined genetically. The regions of maximum responses to two odorants are spatially separated, though their partial overlapping can be observed. When the concentration of the stimuli was changed the maximum responses were recorded from the same regions. The differences in the IVA-response distribution in the males of C57BL/6 strain are probably a result of their specific anosmia to this substance. PMID- 3211224 TI - [Inactivation of potassium outward current depending on the extracellular calcium ions]. AB - Inactivation of the potassium outward current depending on the extracellular calcium ions was studied in voltage clamp experiments on nonidentified intracellularly perfused neurons of the snail Helix pomatia. The decay of this current can be approximated by two exponents with time constants of 50-70 ms and 220-300 ms, respectively. The steady-state inactivation depended on the intracellular concentration of K ions. With a decrease of the latter to 20 mmol/l the current was inactivated completely. The inactivation degree was independent of the level of depolarizing shifts of the membrane potential and reduced with a rise of the extracellular K ions concentration. Addition of 5-10 mmol/l K+ to K+ free extracellular solution induced a slow-down of the fast component of the decay (tau = 167 ms) and acceleration of deinactivation. The possible mechanism of inactivation of the investigated current is discussed. PMID- 3211225 TI - [Surface charge of the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane of neuroblastoma in murine line C1300]. AB - Inside-out vesicles were obtained from the cell membranes of murine neuroblastoma. The surface charge of vesicles was studied by the microelectrophoresis method. At neutral pH they had the electrophoretic mobility 2.7 times less than right-side-out vesicles. Neuraminidase treatment reduced the mobility of right-side-out vesicles, while that of inside-out was unchanged. Treatment with trypsin resulted in a decrease of the mobility of both types of vesicles. Treatment with phospholipase C decreased the mobility of inside-out vesicles, but did not influence that of right-side-out ones. Treatment with phospholipase D increased the mobility of both types of vesicles. In the low pH solution the mobility of inside-out vesicles decreased with respect to titration of acidic groups with intrinsic pK 3.5. The mobility of inside-out vesicles depended on Ca2+ concentration. PMID- 3211226 TI - [Immunocytochemical study of the distribution of cytoskeletal proteins in cultured neurons of the spinal cord of mouse embryos]. AB - The distribution of tubulin, actin and neurofilamentous protein (molecular weight 160 kD) in the spinal cord neurons of mice embryos cultivated in monolayer was studied by means of monoclonal FITC- and rhodamine labeled antibodies. It was found that nerve cell development induced migration of tubulin from the neuronal soma to its processes. The tubulin filling in different processes was uneven at certain stages of cell differentiation. The actin content in the neuron was negligible. Its point concentration was observed along the neuronal processes in the vicinity of focal contacts with the lining cells. Main content of neurofilamentous protein is concentrated in the neuronal body and proximal parts of neurites. The results obtained present the pattern of distribution of cytoskeletal proteins in the spinal cord neurons. PMID- 3211227 TI - [The hypothesis of the "efferent copy" in saccade programming in cats]. AB - Horizontal eye movements in cats were recorded using the magnetic search coil method. Saccadic eye movements were linearly approximated. For combined eye and head movements the slope of lines was independent of maximal head velocity within the studied range (up to 250 degree/s). Saccades slowed down with a restrained head. The duration of the gaze shift grew with an increase of its amplitude. The amplitude of gaze was found to depend on the head velocity. Experimental data on the interaction of eye and head movements during the coordinated goal displacements are interpreted from standpoint of the saccadic signal suppression by the "efferent copy" signal for head movements. PMID- 3211228 TI - [Responses of the neurons of the parietal associative cortex of the cat brain to indifferent and conditioned acoustic stimuli]. AB - Neuronal responses of the associative cortex (field 5) to indifferent and to conditioned sound stimuli were studied. The number of neurons responding to the conditioned sound during classical reflex increased two times. A percentage of inhibitory responses of neurons to conditioned acoustic stimulus during placing reflex grew. Neurons were found which responded to the conditioned sound only in the absence of the conditioned movement during instrumental food reflex. Despite the fact that the associative cortex participates in the analysis of sensory signals and in evaluation of their biological significance, its main functional property is its involvement in the initiation of behavioral reaction to the conditioned stimulus. PMID- 3211229 TI - [Gaba-activated conductance of isolated neurons of rat cerebellum and sensory ganglia]. AB - Results of the study of GABA-activated ion currents on single isolated neurons of rat were obtained by means of voltage-clamp, intracellular perfusion and "concentration clamp" methods. The reversion potential of GABA-activated current corresponded to the equilibrium potential for Cl ions as it was determined by the Nernst equation. The dose-response relationship was activated by a single GABA molecule (Kd = 1.4.10(-4) mol/l). GABA-activated currents were blocked by bicuculline methoiodide and isocoryne. PMID- 3211230 TI - [Effect of application of oxytocin on neurons of Helix pomatia: depolarization effects]. AB - Depolarization of the neuronal membrane in the snail neurons induced by oxytocin application to the soma of these neurons have been examined under voltage clamp conditions. Replacement of external chloride by HEPES led to an increase its amplitude and a shift of its current-voltage characteristic in the depolarizing direction. External application of furosemide inhibited the current evoked by oxytocin application. Extracellular application of theophylline increased its amplitude. Imidazole, tolbutamide and temperature decrease had an opposite effect on this current. It is suggested that the surface membrane of some snail neurons probably possesses oxytocin receptors whose activation leads to the increase of its chloride permeability. This process is probably mediated through the system of cyclic nucleotides. PMID- 3211231 TI - [Effect of application of oxytocin on neurons of Helix pomatia: hyperpolarization effects]. AB - Ionic mechanisms of hyperpolarization induced by oxytocin application on the neuronal membrane of identified neurons of Helix pomatia have been studied under voltage clamp conditions. There are two types of neurons and two types of hyperpolarization, respectively. Hyperpolarization of the first type is due to a decrease in chloride permeability and hyperpolarization of the second type is due to an increase in potassium permeability of the surface neuronal membrane. The reversion potential in the first case was -40 mV and decreased with addition of external solutions of furosemide or tolbutamide. The reversion potential in the second case was -70 mV, and with a 2-fold increase of external potassium concentration it shifted towards depolarization by 15 mV, while tolbutamide addition to the external solution induced no changes. It is supposed that Helix pomatia neurons have different receptors to oxytocin. Activation of some receptors causes a decrease in the membrane permeability for chloride ions, probably, through the system of cyclic nucleotides, while activation of their receptors increases potassium permeability of the surface membrane. PMID- 3211232 TI - [Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats]. AB - Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat. PMID- 3211233 TI - [Afferent connections of the ventral section of the magnocellular part of the nucleus ruber of the cat]. AB - Localization of retrograde-labelled brain neurons--sources of projections to the ventral magnocellular part of the red nucleus was studied in adult cat by means of microiontophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase. The projections from many cortical, thalamic and hypothalamic structures, from the head of nucleus caudatus, septum, globus pallidus, anterior commissure nucleus, nucleus amygdalaris centralis, field of Forel, zona incerta and a number of the brainstem structures have been established. Projections from a number of other brain structures to the red nucleus have been confirmed. Trajectories of labelled fibre system projecting to the red nucleus are described. PMID- 3211234 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the central gray matter of the midbrain on responses of neurons of the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus in cats]. AB - Effect of the midbrain central gray matter (CGM) stimulation on neuronal responses of the thalamic ventro-postero-medial (VPM) nucleus evoked by stimulation of the tooth pulp, A-alpha, A-delta fibres of the infraorbital nerve and caudal nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract have been studied in cats under thiopental-chloralose anesthesia. It is shown that the CGM stimulation by a short train of stimuli evoked excitatory responses with a latency of 30 ms in part of investigated neurons. The conditioning CGM stimulation suppressed responses in neurons of "low-threshold", "convergent" and "high-threshold" groups. Responses induced by stimulation of the tooth pulp and A-delta fibres of the infraorbital nerve in 40% of neurons and by stimulation of the A-alpha fibres of the infraorbital nerve in about 26% of investigated thalamic neurons were completely suppressed. The inhibitory influence of the CGM stimulation on neuronal responses evoked by stimulation of peripheral nerves and caudal nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract shows that the CGM influences directly the activity of thalamic neurons. PMID- 3211235 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the change in length of active muscle under conditions of varying external load]. AB - Processes of length changes evoked by ramp-and-hold alterations in the external load were studied in ankle extensor of anesthetized cats under conditions of constant frequency of efferent stimulation. Basing on the experimental data a phenomenological theory of muscle dynamics was elaborated. It was shown that the system under study could be presented as a system with nonlinear statics and linear dynamics. The nonlinear statics was shown to be determined mainly by hysteretical effects of muscle contraction. A hypothesis was proposed to explain the hysteresis in active muscle on the basis of functioning of the troponin tropomyosin regulatory complex. Dynamic element in the model was described by the first order linear differential equation corresponding to a three-component visco elastic muscle model. The suggested phenomenological theory of muscle dynamics can be used to describe lengthening processes but satisfactory results were obtained only for rather slow load increments. PMID- 3211236 TI - [Study of the vestibular efferent connections of the anterior, lateral, and posterior semicircular canals of guinea pig labyrinth]. AB - Brainstem neurons projecting to the anterior, lateral and posterior semicircular canal ampullae (vestibular efferent neurons) were identified in guinea pigs using retrograde labelling with fluorescent primuline. Two bilateral groups of such neurons located dorsally and ventrally of the facial nerve trajectory were found. PMID- 3211237 TI - [Action of l-DOPA and acidic amino acids on isolated neurons of spinal cord in the lamprey]. AB - Ionic currents induced by application of L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and acidic amino acids: L-glutamate, kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) were investigated in experiments on isolated spinal cord neurons of the lamprey by means of whole-cell recording and concentration clamp methods. L-DOPA was found to activate glycine, but not excitatory amino acid receptors. PMID- 3211238 TI - [Electroretinograms of the dogfish eye during local photostimulation]. AB - The electroretinographic responses were measured on the eyecup preparations of the dogfish shark under local photostimulation of white (light-reflecting) and black (light-absorbing) regions of the eyeground. The C-component of the electroretinogram was clearly manifested both under the total illumination of the retina and the local photostimulation of white regions of the eyeground but it was absent under the local photostimulation of black regions of the eyecup. The results obtained indicate the functional differences of the retinal regions localized in white and black areas of the eyecup in deep-sea fish. PMID- 3211239 TI - Nursing co-op: a new source for Navy nurses. PMID- 3211240 TI - A competency-based tool for evaluating Navy nurses in the psychiatric setting. PMID- 3211241 TI - HIV program at Bethesda. PMID- 3211242 TI - New life in Ward C. PMID- 3211243 TI - [Ventricular hemorrhage. Therapy and prognosis]. PMID- 3211244 TI - [Spontaneous pontine hemorrhage. An analysis of 38 cases]. AB - In 38 patients suffering from spontaneous pontine hemorrhages arterial hypertension was the most common risk factor. 31 patients, of whom 30 died, suffered centro-paramedian pontine hemorrhage leading to coma, hypertensive crisis, respiratory failure, cardiac arrhythmia, miosis and tetraparesis. Most cases showed involvement of the mesencephalon [17] and fourth ventricle [14]. The other seven patients demonstrated dorsotegmental [5] or hemipontine [2] hemorrhages with complex neuroophthalmologic signs, other cranial nerve lesions, and ataxia or hemiparesis; all these patients survived, some even without neurological deficit. In most cases, arteriosclerotic hemorrhages of pontine vessels occurred; in rare cases arterial malformations [4] and anticoagulants [4] were responsible for the bleeding. Clinical signs, CT scans and MRT investigations led to the diagnosis. EEG and evoked potentials allowed statements regarding localisation and prognosis. Treatment was limited in most cases to conservative intensive care; in one case a ventricular shunt was implemented, and in two cases pontine hemorrhages in the presence of arteriovenous and cavernous angiomas were removed. PMID- 3211245 TI - [Incidence and prognosis of internal medicine complications in spontaneous intracranial hematomas]. AB - The records of 133 consecutive patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage were reviewed to assess the frequency of systemic complications and their influence on outcome and neurological complications. The mean age of 63 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was 11 years higher compared to 70 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Concomitant disease was more frequent in ICH than in SAH, and general atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiac failure were associated with an increased mortality. 94% of all ICH and 79% of all SAH patients developed at least one systemic complication. A correlation was found between initial and late hyperglycemia, and high mortality rate and poor survival quality. In both groups an association of cardiac arrhythmias with intracranial pressure and an unfavourable outcome were observed. SAH patients with QT-prolongation had an increase in mortality and developed ischemic deficits more frequently. Pulmonary complications and disturbances of blood pressure regulation were associated with an unfavourable outcome, and in SAH patients with occurrence of neurologic complications. PMID- 3211246 TI - [What are the advantages of magnetic resonance tomography compared with computerized tomography in imaging spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage?]. PMID- 3211247 TI - [The spontaneous course of disk prolapse in lumbar root compression syndrome. A CT-controlled prospective study]. PMID- 3211248 TI - [Chemonucleolysis--a possible ambulatory treatment method in lumbar intervertebral disk displacement?]. PMID- 3211249 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potentials following dermatome stimulation in comparison with nerve root stimulation in the diagnosis of root lesions]. PMID- 3211250 TI - [Myotonia congenita with familial spastic paraparesis]. AB - An association of myotonia congenita and hereditary spastic paraplegia has not been reported up to now. We present three cases in one family, who suffer from this combination of syndromes. There are no hints for a pathophysiological connection between these diseases of different systems. A combination of autosomal dominant myotonia congenita and autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia is supposed. Under this hypothesis the risk for an association of the syndromes in the last generation of the reported family with two affected patients is 1/36. A coincidence of these two hereditary diseases seems to be possible. PMID- 3211251 TI - [Polyneuritis cranialis? Brain stem encephalitis and myelitis following preventive influenza vaccination]. PMID- 3211252 TI - Technique, indications, and complications of percutaneous needle puncture. AB - One hundred and forty-five percutaneous needle punctures (PNP) of the brain and ventricles in 100 consecutive patients were retrospectively re-evaluated. This was to elucidate technical problems and complications of this method, which presents an alternative to the classical burr hole trephination with the insertion of a catheter. In 61% percutaneous needle trephinations (PNT) were performed, in 27% a pre-existing burr hole was used, and in 12% the open fontanelle. The method proved to be simple and effective, especially in emergency cases, and it had a very low rate of serious complications with 1.4% infections and 0.7% symptomatic bleedings, which had no permanent consequences. PMID- 3211253 TI - [Pseudotumor forms of spontaneous intracerebral hematomas]. AB - Pseudotumorous types of spontaneous intracerebral haematomas are known from clinical or radiological publications. To our knowledge no study has been conducted dealing with both aspects. A series of 13 cases of spontaneous intracerebral haematomas operated upon as tumours, is reported. In 11 cases the association of atypical clinical course and atypical CT led to the diagnostic error. In 2 cases atypical CTs were erroneous despite a typical clinical course. The atypical clinical features were a progressive course or seizures. The atypical CT findings concerned prolonged hyperdensities, contrast enhancement, ring-shaped and hypodense areas. After discussion of these various findings the authors conclude that a tumour can never be excluded definitely in such cases, and advocate definitive clearing of diagnosis by operation or stereotactic biopsy. PMID- 3211254 TI - CT findings in subarachnoidal haemorrhage (SAH). A retrospective study of 138 patients. AB - In a retrospective study the CT scans of 138 patients with the clinical diagnosis of SAH were reviewed. CT was highly sensitive in detecting blood in the CSF spaces during the 3 days following SAH, with decreasing accuracy correlated to the time interval between SAH and CT examination. Clinical state on admission and CT findings were closely related, as were the localisation of detectable blood and the site of source of bleeding. Whereas blood clots in the basal cisterns, above the convexities, and intracerebrally, as well as the finding of a brain oedema, were significantly correlated to the time of survival, hydrocephalus and ventricular haemorrhage had no bearing on the survival time. PMID- 3211255 TI - Intrathecal infusion test and decrease in shunt revisions and infections. AB - The intrathecal infusion test leads to a more accurate diagnosis of communicating hydrocephalus, and is useful in identifying those patients with insufficient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption who are most likely to improve after a shunt operation. Furthermore, shunt function can be evaluated by assessing the CSF absorption of shunt-operated patients in the same way. Some patients do not improve after surgery because of irreversible or shunt-independent neurological and radiological signs, while the postoperative infusion test demonstrates a normal shunt function. The clinical condition and neuroradiological picture of such patients cannot be improved by shunt revision if the implanted shunt already allows a normal CSF outflow. By means of infusion tests the number of patients who need a further operation can be reduced, with a consequent drop in shunt infections, a very welcome aspect especially in pediatric neurosurgery. In our department 298 infusion tests were carried out over a seven-year period, and a decrease in shunt revisions and infections could be observed. PMID- 3211256 TI - Myxoma of the skull and orbit. AB - An unusual case of myxoma of the skull extending into the orbital cavity is reported. Myxoma is a benign tumour of the soft tissues and maxillary bones, which often presents infiltrating growth and recurrences. Histologically it is characterized by abundant myxoid stroma and is often confused with other tumours which can present mucoid degeneration. Although diagnosis is impossible before histological examination, the possibility of a myxoma must be considered in the presence of extradural osteolytic poorly vascularized lesions. PMID- 3211257 TI - Experimental models of age-related memory dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Papers from a workshop. August 30-September 2, 1987, Baltimore, MD. PMID- 3211258 TI - Psychobiological modeling of age-related memory changes. AB - Useful models of age-related human and animal memory changes should simulate specific features of cognitive impairment associated with aging. It is necessary but not sufficient to demonstrate that manipulations such as those produced by lesions and drugs cause impairments in some cognitive function such as memory. A useful model should be able to reproduce a pattern of cognitive changes in which islands of spared versus impaired functioning resemble those associated with aging and differ from those produced by other conditions. This requires the use of research strategies utilizing multivariate treatment and dependent measure designs. The papers in this section illustrate the value of such a research approach. PMID- 3211259 TI - Special behavioral paradigms in animals to study age-related changes in memory. AB - Animal models are important to understand age-related changes in humans. However, the models do not always agree about the effects of aging on memory, and some of the results with animals are different from those with humans. Points of similarity and difference are discussed, indicating some directions for future research. PMID- 3211260 TI - Classical conditioning: the Rosetta stone for brain substrates of age-related deficits in learning and memory. AB - The three chapters on the use of classical conditioning paradigms to investigate neurobiological and behavioral substrates of memory impairments with aging are in close agreement on all key issues. Based on these chapters, it is argued here that classical conditioning of discrete behavioral responses in rabbit and other mammals is among the most promising animal models of the human condition in which to analyze brain mechanisms of normally occurring age-related deficits in learning and memory. PMID- 3211261 TI - Aging and spatial cognition. AB - The study of age-related changes in spatial behaviors has much in common with the study of age-related changes in classical conditioning. A comparison is made of research in these two areas, with the suggestion that future work in spatial behaviors pursue the same lines of investigation that have been effective in classical conditioning. PMID- 3211262 TI - Cerebellar noradrenergic systems in aging: studies in situ and in in oculo grafts. AB - Age-related changes in noradrenergic function in the rat cerebellum were examined using electrophysiological and electrochemical techniques. Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats showed subsensitivity to norepinephrine (NE) locally applied onto cerebellar Purkinje neurons. The modulatory actions of NE on Purkinje cell evoked activity was also examined. In young rats NE preferentially inhibits spontaneous activity more than evoked excitations when compared to control. These modulatory actions of NE are not seen in senescent Fischer 344 rats. The intrinsic vs. extrinsic influences determining the loss of efficacy to NE were examined using three groups of rats with in oculo cerebellar grafts. The first group had young grafts grown in young hosts and these grafts showed a potent response to perfused NE. The second group, old grafts in old hosts, showed a diminished responsiveness to NE with respect to the first group. The third group consisted of young grafts in old hosts. These grafts demonstrated a responsiveness to NE that was indistinguishable from those in the first group. The integrity of the presynaptic NE fibers was examined in the grafts using electrochemical techniques. No difference in the release of NE was observed in the old grafts. Taken together, these results suggest a loss of postsynaptic NE function that is intrinsically determined. The change in NE modulation could influence information processing within the aged cerebellar cortex. This deficit could underlie behavioral changes seen in senescence. PMID- 3211263 TI - The neurophysiology of aging: insights from new applications of old techniques. AB - There is a regrettable paucity of data on the neurophysiology of aging, particularly single unit electrophysiologic research. The present paper is a commentary on reviews of the work of three groups of investigators who have played a lead role in developing electrophysiologic correlates of brain aging. PMID- 3211264 TI - Commentary on neurophysiology, plasticity, and morphology of aging: the search for a critical substrate. AB - It is becoming increasingly apparent that several issues must be considered in interpreting the neural bases of behavioral differences in aged animals. Prior assumptions need to be modified to account for the potential increase in number of age-related brain changes likely to be uncovered in the coming years as investigation of the aging process proceeds. It will therefore be necessary to rule out processes irrelevant for the particular behavioral/physiological mechanisms under study. Thus, a simple correlation between any one anatomical or physiological measure will not suffice in the future to adequately explain the nature of the age-related behavioral deficits in the human brain. PMID- 3211265 TI - Feeling our way in the dark. AB - The papers by Pontecorvo et al., Kesner and Altman and Normile are considered with regard to their illuminating potential in an area dark and murky with research issues. While each of these papers contributes an interesting perspective and narrow beam of light, the collective darkness dissipated by their work remains small. PMID- 3211266 TI - Animal models of age- and disease-related cognitive decline: perspectives on the models and therapeutic strategies. AB - The relative value of animals with memory impairments, due either to experimental lesions or aging processes, is dependent upon the specific hypothesis being tested. The experimental approaches described in the preceding reviews are valuable for basic studies on learning and memory in the mammalian brain. However, because of important differences between available model systems and human disease states, such as Alzheimer's disease, their use at present may be insufficient for understanding and developing treatment strategies for human cognitive dysfunctions. In this commentary, different aspects of animal models of memory dysfunction will be discussed relative to their ability to assess the structural and functional consequences of central nervous system (CNS) repair. PMID- 3211267 TI - Chronic administration of nerve growth factor and other neurotrophic factors to the brain. AB - Intracerebral chronic administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) is able to counteract age-related cholinergic dysfunction. This finding suggests that intracerebral administration of neurotrophic factors may become a generally valuable approach when attempting to ameliorate age-related neuronal deficits in experimental animals and humans. This commentary briefly discusses possible strategies for the development of such "neurotrophic factor treatments." PMID- 3211268 TI - Subpopulations, sites of interaction and therapy. AB - This commentary discusses the utility of behaviorally defined subpopulations of aged rodents as improved models of senescent memory dysfunction, the potential involvement of central norepinephrine systems in memory modulation, and the therapeutic outlook for age-related memory deficits. PMID- 3211269 TI - Glucose effects on firing rate of neurons of the locus coeruleus: another attempt to put memory back in the brain. AB - After a generation of research into the biological mechanisms of memory, the essential nature of the engram remains as elusive as ever. Many investigators have reorganized their conceptual framework to emphasize the role of physiological responses elicited by a learning experience in modulating memory for that event. This approach has generated a long list of correlations between physiological functions and memory performance. The papers comprising the present section have the common theme of contributing to that list, but the remarkable fact which they emphasize is that these correlations are much greater in the aged rat than in young animals, suggesting that it is a parallel degeneration of several physiological functions which mediate deficits in memory performance. PMID- 3211270 TI - Immunologic and tissue culture approaches to the neurobiology of aging. AB - The neurobiology of aging continues to attract scientists and techniques from the more fundamental disciplines, as witness the great strides now being made from molecular genetic approaches to Alzheimer's disease. The present report is a commentary on reviews of immune mechanisms and tissue culture methods applied to investigations of aging and age-related cognitive dysfunction. PMID- 3211271 TI - New approaches to the study of central nervous system function. Immune-nervous system interactions and cell culture. AB - The paper by Lal and Forster is discussed with reference to future experiments which might provide insight into mechanisms regarding their exciting data that circulating brain reactive antibodies may cause learning deficits. The paper by Azmitia et al. on cell culture techniques is discussed with respect to the types of studies in which culture systems have proven most valuable in the past, and should continue to do so in the future. PMID- 3211272 TI - [Electron microscopic observations of blood vessels in ependymoma]. AB - The findings of an ultrastructural study of the blood vessels and their surrounding structures in ependymoma are demonstrated. Six surgically removed cases of ependymoma are investigated. The lumen of the blood vessels, especially in vascular rosettes is often wider than those of normal brain capillaries. The endothelial cells are structurally varied, but sometimes attenuated in many areas. Also, they often have several fenestrations. Moreover, they have increased pinocytotic vesicles and filaments, and contain occasional Weibel-Palade bodies, multivesicular bodies and other cytoplasmic organelles. The perivascular space is often wide, especially in intraspinal ependymoma, and filled with multiple layers of basal laminae permeated by electron, dense fluids. There are also collagenous fibers and Luse bodies. Basal lamina covering tumor cell surfaces is more distinct than other basal laminae. The tumor cells facing the blood vessel interestingly show structures similar to those of astrocytic vascular feet. The fenestration in the endothelial cells probably has an important role in the increased vascular permeability of ependymoma. PMID- 3211273 TI - [Changes in Mg++ concentration of CSF after subarachnoid hemorrhage and Mg++- effects on the contractions of bovine cerebral artery]. AB - Fifteen patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were divided into two groups; eight patients exhibiting vasospasm (VS) (VS-group), and another seven patients exhibiting no vasospasm (NS-group) during a period of 2-3 weeks after the occurrence of hemorrhage. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the patients in the VS group demonstrated a slight but significant decrease in [Mg++] from 1.15 to 0.95 mM on the 6-8th day after the hemorrhage, whereas CSF in the NS-group showed no significant change in [Mg++]. CSF [Ca++] remained relatively unchanged in both groups. The decrease in CSF [Mg++] in the VS-group was not associated with a decrease in [Mg++] in their blood. Probably, it was due to local derangement of the blood-CSF barrier near the site of the actual hemorrhage. Whether or not such a small decrease in CSF [Mg++] could actually influence the occurrence of vasospasm was examined experimentally in vitro. Using helical strips of the bovine middle cerebral arteries, the changes in muscular tension during isometric contraction were recorded on the polygraph. Generally the vascular contractions induced by High K+ (4 X 10(-2) M), PGF2 alpha (10(-6) M), and Oxy-hemoglobin (Oxy Hb, 3 X 10(-6) M) were augmented when [Mg++] of the perfusing media was reduced from 1.2 to 0.9 mM, and depressed when [Mg++] was increased to 2.4 mM. In descending order, a greater effect of [Mg++] was seen in Oxy-Hb-, and in High K+ , and PGF2 alpha-induced contractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211274 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the growth pattern in an experimental meningeal gliomatosis model]. AB - We tried to examine the growth pattern of meningeal gliomatosis (MG) by using an experimental MG model. C6 rat glioma cells (3 X 10(5)/0.1 ml) were injected percutaneously into the cisterna magna of rats. Seven days after inoculation, the brains and spinal cords were removed and processed for morphological observation. Light microscopic findings showed that numerous tumor cells had invaded the spinal cord parenchyma directly and/or via the Virchow-Robin spaces. In contrast, a small amount of tumor cells had spread horizontally on the surface of the spinal cord. By transmission electron microscopy, discontinuity of the basal lamina (of the marginal glia) was found, and some tumor cells were found to have protruded their processes into the spinal cord parenchyma. A basal lamina-like granular material was observed in the vicinity of these areas, indicating the breakdown of the basal lamina. Scanning electron microscopic findings further supported the speculation concerning the penetration of the pia mater by tumor cells through the small pores which had blunt margins. From these ultrastructural observations, we speculated that some chemical membranolytic factors might play an important role in MG. PMID- 3211275 TI - [Unruptured cerebral aneurysms in two siblings screened by cerebral computed angiotomography]. AB - The authors report two siblings, both of whom had unruptured cerebral aneurysms found by screening examination of noninvasive cerebral computed angiotomography. Other authors have reported unruptured cerebral aneurysms detected by conventional cerebral angiography in asymptomatic relatives of families in which two or more individuals had cerebral aneurysmal rupture. It is of interest that, in our cases, the unruptured cerebral aneurysms were detected by noninvasive cerebral computed angiography in two asymptomatic siblings in a family with no history of ruptured aneurysm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of detection of unruptured familial aneurysm by cerebral computed angiotomography. Case 1 is a 67-year-old female who had been complaining of dullness in the head. Cerebral computed angiotomography showed a small high density nodule, suggesting an unruptured aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery. An aneurysm with a diameter of 4 mm was found in the right middle cerebral artery. A 72-year-old male, who was a brother of case 1, had been afraid of having cerebrovascular disease, and wanted to have a neurological examination check-up. Computed angiotomography revealed a high-density nodule in the anterior communicating artery. Conventional cerebral angiogram showed a 6 X 7 mm aneurysm. However, both of the patients refused surgical treatment. Lozano et al reviewed the previously reported familial aneurysm cases. According to them, familial aneurysm tends to rupture at a younger age and at a smaller size than non familial aneurysm. It is well known that asymptomatic members of familial aneurysm have a risk of developing aneurysm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211276 TI - [Reconstruction of the venous outflow using a vein graft in dural arteriovenous malformation associated with sinus occlusion]. AB - In some cases of dural arteriovenous malformations (dural AVMs) of the transverse sigmoid sinuses, the presence of an occlusion or hypoplasia on the sinus contralateral to the affected side may significantly contribute to the development of intracranial hypertension. For these cases, closure of AV shunts or removal of the affected sinus may not be sufficient to improve intracranial hypertension. We encountered 2 cases of intracranial hypertension caused by dural AVMs at the transverse-sigmoid sinuses associated with disturbance of venous outflow contralateral to the lesion. Reconstruction of venous outflow using a saphenous vein graft was performed between the transverse sinus and the subclavian or external jugular vein after the dural AVMs were partially occluded by catheter embolization. Intracranial hypertension was relieved in both cases. In one case dural AVM was obstructed by both embolization and radical surgery after the bypass was confirmed unobstructed several weeks later. The bypass remained patent at the follow-up 4 months later. In the other case, patency of the bypass lasted only for approximately 1 month. In both cases clinical improvements were not remarkable. It is considered that the presence of AV shunt in the case of dural AVM may facilitate the patency of a graft placed between the venous systems. Reconstruction of the venous outflow may deserve further trial for the treatment of intracranial hypertension associated with some types of dural AVM. PMID- 3211278 TI - [Multiple intracerebral hemorrhages due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy after head trauma]. AB - Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an important cause of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in some normotensive elderly patients. The diagnosis is made by proof of amyloid deposition in the vessel wall. A case of recurrent and multiple intracerebral hemorrhages due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy after head injury is reported. A 74-year-old female was referred to our hospital because of head injury. CT scan showed traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and intraventricular hematoma. Her consciousness was clear but slight disorientation was recognized. Conservative therapy was performed. During the course subcortical hemorrhages occurred five times and during the second one, right frontal and right parietal hemorrhages occurred simultaneously. Her consciousness deteriorated. The second subcortical hemorrhage was especially complicated by a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation. A biopsy of the cortex was performed and pathological examination revealed amyloid deposition in the walls of small pial and cortical vessels. Occasional duplicated wall, obliterative intimal proliferation and disappearance of elastic lamina were recognized. The patient sank into a vegetative state due to recurrent and multiple hemorrhages. CAA results in two possibilities, hemorrhage and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. When lobar or subcortical hemorrhage is encountered in a normotensive elderly patient, the possibility of a CAA-related hemorrhage should be considered. The author carefully emphasizes that there is indication for neurosurgical treatment in CAA patients and proposes that therapy for ischemic cerebrovascular disease should be given special attention. PMID- 3211277 TI - [Unusual postoperative hemorrhage in a patient with ruptured aneurysm and hemophilia B]. AB - A case of ruptured cerebral aneurysm with hemophilia B is reported, and discussion is made concerning the management of mild type hemophilia in surgical operations. A 41-year-old male came to our hospital with complaints of severe headache, vomiting, and transient consciousness disturbance. His dentist said the patient had a mild bleeding tendency when he was 30 years old, however no postoperative hemorrhage was repeated in appendectomy in his childhood. He also had had no episodes of spontaneous bleeding. CT scan on admission showed subarachnoid hemorrhage, and angiography revealed a ruptured aneurysm at the trifurcation of the left middle cerebral artery. His coagulation screening tests (bleeding time, clotting time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time) were normal. An aneurysmal neck clipping was carried out, and operators did not detect any bleeding tendency during the surgery. CT scan on the next day showed no remarkable finding. On the third postoperative day, right hemiparesis occurred. Left putaminal hemorrhage took place. His coagulation tests and FDP were also normal. The hematoma was partially evacuated. After the second operation his condition was good, and rehabilitation program started. On the 15th hospital day his consciousness deteriorated suddenly, and CT scan showed a massive epidural hematoma on the left. His prothrombin time elongated mildly, but other tests were normal. Coagulation factors VIII and IX were examined and the factor IX was 22.5% of control. He was thought to be a patient with mild type hemophilia B. Despite a third operation for hematoma removal he died on the 20th hospital day. Mild type hemophilia B does not bleed spontaneously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211279 TI - [A successful treatment of giant carotid artery aneurysm by a detachable balloon technic; a child case]. AB - For the treatment of unclippable giant carotid artery aneurysms, proximal occlusion of the carotid artery is still an accepted treatment by surgical ligation, Selverstone clamp, or detachable balloon. However, proximal artery occlusion should be avoided as far as possible. Use of detachable balloons for proximal artery occlusion in the treatment of giant intracranial aneurysm in children has been reported by several authors, but no report of successfully treated cases of occlusion of the aneurysm without occlusion of the parent artery can be found. On January 1st, 1987, a-5-year old girl was admitted to our clinic with chief complaints of exophthalmos and loss of vision in her left eye. On admission, neurological examination showed palsies of the left oculomotor and abducens nerve and left internal carotid angiogram visualized a giant aneurysm in the cavernous portion. A balloon catheter procedure was carried out under general anesthesia using an intra-arterial catheter technique. A No. 9 French introducer catheter was placed through the femoral artery sheath. No filling of aneurysm without occlusion of the parent artery could be confirmed by angiogram. No. 12 Debrun detachable balloon was then detached. Postoperative course was uneventful. Subsequently, her oculomotor and abducens nerve palsies disappeared. Digital subtraction angiography taken about three months after the procedure showed complete occlusion of the aneurysm. The authors emphasized that the occlusion of the aneurysm using a detachable balloon was also the ideal method for the treatment of the children's giant aneurysm. PMID- 3211280 TI - [Postoperative pulmonary embolism in neurosurgical practice: report of two cases]. AB - Pulmonary embolism following postoperative deep venous thrombosis is a very serious complication with a high mortality rate. Though this disorder has been thought to be rare in Japanese, its occurrence seems to be increasing recently because of changes in eating habits, increase of average age and the frequent practice of venous catheterization. Two cases of the pulmonary embolism following deep venous thrombosis after surgery are reported, and possible causes of the deep venous thrombosis are discussed. Case 1: A 48 year-old obese female was operated on for a posterior fossa dural arteriovenous malformation. On the 4th postoperative day, she developed a pain and swelling in the left leg and low back pain. On the 18th postoperative day, she fell into a state of shock following the sudden onset of a severe back pain and respiratory distress. After diagnosis of the pulmonary embolism, she was immediately treated with urokinase, warfarin and aspirin. Her obesity was considered to be one of the risk factors of the postoperative deep venous thrombosis. Case 2: A 62 year-old female with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm could not get out of bed because of postoperative mental disturbance. A central venous pressure catheter was inserted into the right femoral vein for two weeks postoperatively. One month after surgery, she complained of swelling and a dull pain in the right leg without cardiorespiratory symptoms. Lung perfusion scintigraphy showed asymptomatic pulmonary embolism. She was treated immediately. Both long bed rest and femoral venous catheterization were considered as risk factors possibly leading to deep venous thrombosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211281 TI - [Operative approach to a dumbbell-shaped tumor in the anterior cranial fossa. A case of olfactory neuroblastoma]. AB - We present a case of giant olfactory neuroblastoma with special reference to a new operative approach in cases of dumbbell-shaped tumor in the anterior cranial fossa. Our new approach is characterized as follows: resection of the bilateral orbital roof and frontal sinus en bloc, following bifrontal conventional craniotomy. Accordingly, retraction of the frontal lobe is minimized and it is possible to obtain, with ease, a good operative field extending to the region adjacent to the tuberculum sellae. Using this technique combined with the transsphenoidal approach, even in the case of marked extracranial downward extension of a dumbbell-shaped tumor, it should be possible to remove the tumor totally. This approach should open a way to a wide range of application. PMID- 3211282 TI - Effects of suprachiasmatic nuclear ablation and melatonin on delayed implantation in the spotted skunk. AB - The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) have been implicated as neural timers of reproductive events and as possible sites of action for melatonin. We tested the hypothesis that ablation of the SCN (SCNx) would counteract the inhibitory effect of exogenous melatonin in blastocyst implantation in the spotted skunk by removing a possible site of action. Thirty-eight pregnant females with unimplanted blastocysts were treated as follows: 4 served as untreated controls, 6 received empty Silastic capsules, 5 received Silastic capsules containing melatonin, 10 received sham lesions in the SCN, 7 received lesions in the SCN and Silastic capsules containing melatonin, and 6 received lesions in the SCN and empty Silastic capsules. All surgical treatments were completed by February 15. The skunks were subjected to a natural photoperiod, and the duration of preimplantation was measured. The lesions destroyed an average of 87 +/- 10% of the SCN and a small amount of the surrounding hypothalamus. SCNx had no significant effect on duration of preimplantation (200 +/- 25.6 days) when compared to sham SCNx (205 +/- 21.5 days). Melatonin significantly (p less than 0.05) lengthened the duration of preimplantation in both intact (277 +/- 59 days) and SCNx (265 +/- 64.7 days) skunks when compared to all other groups. These data are not consistent with the hypothesis that the SCN are required for melatonin to exert its influence on timing of implantation in the spotted skunk. PMID- 3211283 TI - Lack of an acute modulatory effect of melatonin on human nocturnal thyrotropin and cortisol secretion. AB - Using a recently developed model for investigating the neuroendocrine role of melatonin in man, we studied melatonin's effect on the nocturnal secretion of thyrotropin and cortisol in 17 normal male volunteers. The model consists of sleep in the dark and all-night sleep deprivation in conditions of: bright light with and without a melatonin infusion, and dim light. We have improved our infusion paradigm so that levels of melatonin during infusion are now indistinguishable from those occurring during sleep in the dark or dim light sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation per se raised TSH levels compared to normal sleep. However, the three conditions of sleep deprivation could not be distinguished from each other, which suggests that the suppression of TSH by sleep (or the stimulation of TSH by sleep deprivation) is not mediated by melatonin. Cortisol secretion was unaffected by sleep deprivation regardless of melatonin's presence or absence. However, a difference in the pattern of secretion of cortisol in the sleep condition in the early morning (compared to the sleep deprivation conditions) was noted. These data do not implicate melatonin in the acute regulation of TSH or cortisol in normal man. These data also provide a method of melatonin infusion that replicates the pattern and levels seen in sleep. PMID- 3211284 TI - Human fetal adenohypophysis. Electron microscopic and ultrastructural immunocytochemical analysis. AB - The pituitary glands were removed from 63 human fetuses from 5 weeks of gestation to term and studied by electron microscopy and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry to document the development of cell differentiation and hormone production in the adenohypophysis. At 5 weeks of gestation, Rathke's cleft was lined by columnar epithelium with abundant cytoplasmic glycogen and occasional secretory granules. By 6 weeks of gestation, cells resembling corticotrophs were identified; in 8-week-old fetuses, type I microfilaments were found in those cells. Well-differentiated somatotrophs were seen in adenohypophyses of 8- to 9-week-old fetuses. Although secretory granules were numerous, the Golgi complex was inconspicuous in early fetal glands. After 10 weeks of gestation, there was a change with morphologic evidence of active hormone secretion; large Golgi regions and sparsely granulated cells were found. Some somatotrophs at this stage contained aggregates of type II microfilaments which resembled the fibrous bodies of sparsely granulated somatotroph adenomas. Densely granulated mammosomatotrophs containing growth hormone and prolactin were identified at 12 weeks of gestation. Cells with characteristics of the glycoprotein hormone cell line were seen in pituitaries at 12 weeks of gestation; thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs were identified after 15 weeks. Typical lactotrophs were not recognized before 23 weeks, but were numerous in pituitaries of fetuses older than 35 weeks. This study documents for the first time the existence of a bihormonal mammosomatotroph in the human fetal pituitary and confirms that somatotrophs and lactotrophs, the two acidophil cell types, are embryologically related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211285 TI - Long-lasting glucocorticoid suppression of opioid-induced antinociception. AB - The antinociceptive effect of morphine (5 mg/kg body weight i.p.) in rats subjected to various experimental manipulations of the pituitary-adrenocortical system was studied. The absence of adrenal steroids increased the sensitivity to morphine. The following findings suggest that glucocorticosteroids have a long lasting influence on opioid-induced antinociception, even when the steroids have been removed by adrenalectomy. First, when rats were adrenalectomized in the morning under basal conditions of pituitary-adrenocortical activity (plasma corticosterone level less than 1 microgram %), the subsequent hypersensitivity to morphine-induced antinociception following adrenalectomy either in the morning or in the evening persisted for at least 2 weeks. Second, exposure to a novel environmental (stress of a new cage) or administration of corticosterone (10 mg/kg body weight s.c.) prior to morning adrenalectomy decreased the sensitivity to morphine measured 1 week later. Third, RU 38486, a glucocorticoid antagonist, injected in the lateral cerebral ventricle prior to the evening adrenalectomy increased subsequent morphine antinociception. In attempts to understand the long term effect on morphine antinociception, the opioid receptor sites were quantified by an in vivo procedure. Quantitative autoradiography of binding sites labeled after intravenous administration of a tracer dose of [3H]-diprenorphine showed a decrease in retention of the labeled opioid in cortical and midbrain regions of rats adrenalectomized in the evening when compared with rats operated in the morning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211286 TI - Facilitative effects of cross-modality training on recovery of a conditioned avoidance response following striate cortex ablations in the rat. AB - Two experiments with visual decorticate rats examined the effects of cross modality transfer on the recovery of a preoperatively learned avoidance task using high intensity light cues. In both experiments, brief postoperative cross modality training with high intensity noise cues produced significantly better recovery of the visual avoidance response than either reversed intensity noise training or retraining with the original task. Training with a reversed intensity visual cue produced relearning deficits. In the second experiment, control conditions eliminated re-exposure to the test environment, the shock-response relationship, and compound conditioning as possible explanations for these findings. These results indicated that rats are capable of cross-modality transfer after posterior cortical lesions and that this transfer effect can facilitate recovery of behavioral function. The clinical implications of these findings are also discussed. PMID- 3211287 TI - Modelling dementia: effects of scopolamine on memory and attention. AB - Scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, is capable of inducing transient memory impairment in normal subjects. Against the background of the cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) the present study was designed to investigate the effects of low oral doses of scopolamine on a range of cognitive functions known or hypothesized to be affected in AD. Twenty healthy volunteers (18-48 yr) performed a battery of automated cognitive tasks under each of five treatments: oral scopolamine 0.3 mg, 0.6 mg, 1.2 mg; oral methylscopolamine 0.6 mg; placebo. Alongside analogous tests of verbal and non verbal memory, the battery enabled assessments of a range of attentional functions: alerting, sustained attention, selective attention, and covert orientation. A profile of effects was observed within and beyond the realm of memory. While some functions were unaffected by the drug (e.g. alerting) and others were impaired at the highest dose (e.g. verbal learning) still others were affected in a linear dose-dependent manner (sustained attention; visual contrast sensitivity). These observations are discussed in the context of the "scopolamine model" of AD. PMID- 3211288 TI - Movement initiation and control: abduction, adduction and locus of limb. AB - Dextrals were timed in moving a peg from hole to hole, when the board containing the 13 holes was placed horizontally either across the midline or entirely to one or other side of the body. Either hand made movements in either direction. Both movement times (between holes) and resting times (within holes) were measured. Resting times (motor programming?) were better performance indices than the actual movement times. The superiority of the preferred (right) hand was greater when it operated on its own (ipsilateral) side of the body. Adductive movements were faster than abductive, which were easier to program when a limb operated ipsilaterally. PMID- 3211289 TI - Lexical decision and visual hemifield: an examination of the RT-accuracy relationship. AB - Visual hemifield, stimulus duration and angle of eccentricity were manipulated using a lexical decision paradigm (discrimination of words from non-words). Lexical decision was measured by several dependent variables: reaction time, (RT); accuracy, d'; and beta. The results support the generalization of RVF superiority in a lexical decision task for parafoveal stimulation for three dependent variables, RT, accuracy and d'. No significant effect of any stimulus manipulation was found for beta. When RT is plotted as a function of accuracy, the data separate into two groups (one for words, one for non-words) each best described by a linear equation with negative slope. The implication of this analysis is discussed, and the hypothesis offered that the same basic process discriminates words from non-words in a lexical decision task, regardless of visual field, parafoveal angle of eccentricity or stimulus duration. Visual field is processed no differently from the other stimulus manipulations. PMID- 3211290 TI - Reflective lateral eye movements: individual styles, cognitive and lateralization effects. AB - The direction of gaze shifts following verbal and spatial questions was recorded by direct observation in two separate sessions in 80 right-handed Ss. Ocular events were stable over the sessions, and some Ss were classified reliably as lateral, vertical or bidirectional eye movers. No effect for type of question was found in lateral direction either in the general sample or in the bidirectional sample. Verbal questions elicited more downward movements than spatial questions. Less eye movements were found for spatial and for easy questions. These findings suggest a link between ocular motility and cognition independent of the lateralization issue. PMID- 3211291 TI - Relative risk is a relevant measure of association of left-handedness with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - A study of inflammatory bowel diseases and left-handedness was published in this Journal by Searlman and Fugagli (1987). We reanalysed the data and found that left-handedness was associated with relative risk of 2.5 for Crohn's disease and 2.9 for ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3211293 TI - An investigation of lexical ambiguity in Broca's aphasics using an auditory lexical priming technique. AB - Broca's aphasics and normal control subjects performed an auditory lexical decision task with stimulus pairs containing ambiguous (semantically-related) or unambiguous (unrelated) words as primes. Broca's aphasics, though having considerably longer latencies, produced a pattern of results similar to normal subjects; namely, faster reaction times for target words preceded by semantically related than unrelated words (i.e., semantic priming). These results do not support the hypothesis of BLUMSTEIN and colleagues that Broca's aphasics show a selective impairment in automatic processing associated with lexical access. PMID- 3211292 TI - Compression and lateral shift of mental coordinate systems in a line bisection task. AB - Subjects (N = 18) were required to imagine how far lines of three different lengths which were presented to them previously would extend to the left or to the right of a vertical mark. They were asked to indicate the midpoint of the imagined line length. The frequency of deviations to the left or to the right of the geometrical midpoint of the line which had to be visualized was dependent on the length of the line and on the direction towards which the subjects imagined the line to extend. Whereas a compression of imagined half space compared to geometric half space was observed both for the left and right side, imagined half space on the right side of the visual field was shifted in addition more towards the periphery. It is suggested that the latter result is related to properties of left hemisphere functioning which could explain the occurrence of a typical symptom of unilateral neglect after a right hemisphere lesion. PMID- 3211294 TI - [Effect of pathologic gaze deviation caused by brain stem lesion on interhemispheric equilibrium. Study using a non-verbal dichotic listening test]. AB - Three cases of patients with lateral gaze palsy due to brainstem lesion were studied. They underwent a non-verbal dichotic listening test which evidenced a significant decrease of performance in the ear located on the same side as the lesion. This result can be interpreted as an inter-hemispheric imbalance linked to the pathological gaze deviation. PMID- 3211296 TI - Frequency and recognition judgement by young and elderly adults. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the performance of young and elderly subjects at two different memory tasks (frequency judgement and word recognition) under two retrieval conditions (forced and unforced choice) in order to determine the source of any incidental age-related memory deficit. Fifty young subjects (aged from 15 to 35 yr) and 50 elderly subjects (aged from 60 to 85) participated in this study. The results showed a significant difference between age groups at word recognition independent of retrieval condition, while frequency judgement was found significantly impaired in elderly as compared with young subjects only when an unforced choice procedure was required. It is suggested that age related memory impairment is not dependent on the nature of the task, but rather to the amount of retrieval information which is given to the subjects. PMID- 3211295 TI - Facial asymmetry while posing positive and negative emotions: support for the right hemisphere hypothesis. AB - The purpose of this report was to examine facial asymmetry during the expression of positive and negative emotions. In addition, methodological factors in the study of facial asymmetry were considered. Subjects were 16 neurologically healthy right-handed adult males, videotaped while posing eight facial expressions (positive and negative) under two conditions (verbal command and visual imitation). Separate asymmetry ratings of the two sides of the face were made by judges viewing normal or mirror-reversed versions of the videotape. There were no effects of valence, condition, or videotape orientation on the asymmetry ratings, and, in general, expressions were produced significantly more intensely on the left than the right side of the face. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the right cerebral hemisphere is dominant for the expression of facial emotion of both valences. PMID- 3211297 TI - Cortical slow potentials in verbal and spatial tasks--the effect of material, visual hemifield and performing hand. AB - Fifteen right-handed students voluntarily initiated the tachistoscopic presentation of visual stimuli containing either verbal (abstract words) or spatial (stereogeometric figures) material. Subjects had to reproduce stimulus material which had been presented either in their right or their left hemifield of vision by writing or drawing, either with their right or their left hand. Material-specific effects were found during the reproduction period: amplitudes of the performance-related negative potential shifts were larger in parietal and occipital recordings (P4, O1, and O2) when drawing as compared to writing. The opposite was true in frontal and left central leads (F3, F4, and C3) where writing was associated with larger negative amplitudes than drawing. Although subjects were informed about the nature of the forthcoming stimulus before voluntarily initiating the task, material-specific effects were missing in the preparation period. The performing hand had an influence on potentials in central leads, whereas hemifield of vision had no effect on preparation- and performance related slow potential shifts. PMID- 3211298 TI - Self-assessed and examiner-assessed writing hand posture in Swedish left-handers. AB - Writing hand posture was studied in 48 male and 54 female left-handed Swedish college students. Inverted posture was more common with examiner-assessment than with self-assessment and was more common in males. Examiner-assessed inversion frequency was lower than that reported from American samples but higher than that from Australian samples. Writing style was related to hand posture, printing being more common in non-inverted writers. Degree of lateral preference, presence of familial sinistrality and birth complications were not associated with writing hand posture. PMID- 3211300 TI - Conjugation of unit activity in visual and sensorimotor neocortical areas of rabbits during calm wakefulness and pseudoconditioning. PMID- 3211299 TI - Shifts in spatial synchronization of rabbit cortex potentials elicited by application of acetylcholine and amizil to the visual cortex. PMID- 3211301 TI - Duration of trace processes in rabbit neocortex. PMID- 3211302 TI - Alpha-diapazon of EEG at directed attention. PMID- 3211303 TI - Role of inhibitory processes in shaping functional characteristics of neurons of the vibrissae projection area of the somatosensory cortex in the cat. PMID- 3211304 TI - Neurophysiological analysis of the critical period in delay of reinforcing stimulus in dogs. PMID- 3211305 TI - Coupled inhibition at blink reflex dominant in rabbits. PMID- 3211307 TI - Humoral link in the mechanism of formation of the food refusal conditioned response in the snail. PMID- 3211306 TI - Conjugation of unit activity in the visual and sensorimotor areas of rabbit neocortex during conditioned reflexes to light and sound. PMID- 3211308 TI - Two forms of noradenergic modulation of neocortical neurons in early ontogeny of cats. PMID- 3211309 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to a ruptured aneurysm has been evaluated in relation to CT findings on 30 patients. In the acute stage, particularly less than 24 hours after the bleeding episode (25 patients), SAH appeared of high intensity relative to the surrounding brain on a T-2 weighted SE image but isointense where the corresponding CT scan showed blood clot of attenuation value over 60 H. A T-2 weighted SE image was able to reveal subtle evidence of SAH not visible on the CT scan. The T-1 weighted IR image was not as sensitive. Blood clot (HU greater than 60) appeared isointense, but mild and moderate SAH (HU less than 60) was indistinguishable from normal CSF. MR imaging was also sensitive to subacute and chronic SAH (5 patients). Three out of four SAH appearing normal on CT showed high intensity on T-2 weighted images. Thirteen out of 24 aneurysms (54%) larger than 5 mm in diameter on angiography were detected on T-2 weighted images. Smaller aneurysms less than 4 mm were not visualized. MR imaging was able to indicate the ruptured one in cases of multiple aneurysms by showing hemorrhagic lesions more clearly than CT. We conclude that MR imaging is very helpful for diagnosing SAH, particularly when CT is normal, and in indicating aneurysm location as well as rupture site. PMID- 3211310 TI - MRI of intracerebral haematoma at low field (0.15T) using T2 dependent partial saturation sequences. AB - Results of MRI at 0.15T in twelve successive patients with intracerebral haematoma are reviewed. Using T2 weighted spin echo (SE) and partial saturation (PS without a refocussing 180 degree pulse) sequences, low intensity areas were seen in eleven of the twelve cases. These included central regions (three cases), a peripheral rim (seven cases) and more diffuse patterns involving the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres (two cases). One case initially displayed a peripheral rim and later a central low intensity region. Central low intensity regions were seen in acute, subacute, and chronic cases. Follow up in five cases displayed an increase in signal within the haematoma in three cases and a decrease in signal intensity in two cases. Low signal intensity areas can be seen within and around intracerebral haematomas imaged with T2 weighted sequences at low field strength. PMID- 3211311 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral infarction: time course of Gd-DTPA enhancement and CT comparison. AB - Thirty-five patients (7 females and 28 males) with cerebral infarction and suspicion of cerebral infarction of 4 h to 27 months duration were studied 45 times with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using Gd-DTPA. Spin echo (SE) images were obtained before and after the administration of Gd-DTPA (0.1 or 0.15 mmol/kg) and compared with the enhanced CT. MR imaging using Gd-DTPA was more sensitive than enhanced CT and very useful for detecting a new focus of cerebral infarction, especially in the cases with multiple infarcted areas and for showing the extent of cortical and subcortical infarction. In most cases the MR enhancement was obvious in the subacute stage, especially after cerebral embolism, and the signal intensity of the lesion tended to show a gradual increase. The diagnosis of embolism was accepted on the basis of acute onset without prior TIA, coupled with angiography showing the embolus itself and/or a capillary blush and a wide area of infarction. PMID- 3211312 TI - Magnetic resonance images of tuberous sclerosis. Further observations and clinical correlations. AB - The cerebral lesions in tuberous sclerosis are of three kinds: subependymal nodules, cortical tubers, and cluster of heterotopic cells in the white matter. Understanding of these hamartomas is still incomplete even with modern imaging modalities. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of ten patients with tuberous sclerosis were reviewed and compared to computed tomographic (CT) scans and to the clinical severity of the disease. T2 weighted spin echo (TR = 1800, TE = 120) images and inversion recovery (TR = 2100, TI = 500-600, TE = 40) images were obtained at the same axial planes. Periventricular nodules were better seen, because of their calcifications, with CT than with MR imaging. They were demonstrated as iso- to low intensity depending on the amount of calcification on T2 weighted images, and as a similar intensity to the white matter on IR images. Small peripheral lesions in the hemispheres, which were only occasionally seen as small low density areas on CT scans, were well demonstrated on MR images. These foci were hyperintense on T2 weighted images, and hypointense on IR images. Exact location of these was not in the cortex, but in the subcortical white matter. The findings indicate that these foci represent the pathologically well known demyelinating foci, which are commonly present under the cortical tuber, but may be independent of them. Cortical tubers were not confidently identified, which suggested that they might have similar intensity to the cortical gray matter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211313 TI - Reversible brain shrinkage in abstinent alcoholics, measured by MRI. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging of the intracranial CSF volume was compared before and after 5 weeks of confirmed abstinence in 9 alcohol-dependent patients. All patients showed a highly significant reduction in CSF volume in accordance with reexpansion of the brain after alcohol abstinence. T2 values for white matter, estimated by linear regression from 16 echoes of a CPGM sequence, however, showed no significant increase such as occurs in rehydration. This indicates, that alcohol-induced reversible brain atrophy cannot be attributed to fluctuation of free water in the brain only. PMID- 3211314 TI - MR imaging of dural arteriovenous malformations with ocular signs. AB - Four patients with dural arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) draining into the cavernous sinus, who presented ophthalmic manifestations, were studied by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In all patients signal decrease in the involved cavernous sinus was demonstrated in coronal spin-echo (SE) imaging. It is attributable to rapid venous flow in the sinus, and this "high velocity signal loss" is a fairly pathognomonic finding in this condition. We stress the validity of MR imaging in the primary diagnosis of dural AVMs with ophthalmic symptoms. PMID- 3211315 TI - The effect of patient positioning on MR imaging of the internal auditory canal. AB - Identification of individual cranial nerves and complete exclusion of tumor in the internal auditory canal may be difficult with MR, especially in imperfectly positioned patients. MR studies of the temporal bones in patients and in normal volunteers positioned non-rotated or canted were correlated with corresponding cryomicrotomic sections. Especially in axial images, oblique sectioning of cranial nerves VII and VIII may cause difficulty in identifying individual nerves. A combination of axial and coronal short TR and TE images can be used to confidently exclude intracanalicular tumor in most cases. PMID- 3211316 TI - CT in neuromuscular disorders: a comparison of CT and histology. AB - The value of CT-examination of the muscles compared to histology was studied in a retrospective analysis of 30 patients with clinical suspicion of neuromuscular disorder. In the evaluation of the CT-results descriptive criteria were used. The histologic diagnosis came from needle-biopsies taken from the quadriceps muscle. Considering the whole group of neuromuscular disorders, CT has an overall accuracy of 84.8%, a positive predictive value of 95.5% and a negative predictive value of 63.6%. This makes the use of CT as a diagnostic tool in neuromuscular disorders a reliable examination technique. In patients with a polymyositis there is even a 100% correlation between CT findings and biopsy results. Discrepancy between the biopsy results of the quadriceps muscle and the CT findings is remarkable: the number of abnormal histological findings is twice the number of abnormal CT findings. Using the more proximal gluteal region as a biopsy site would have decreased this discrepancy and would therefore have given a better correlation between CT and histology. The choice of protocol in determining the levels to be scanned is of great importance in achieving good reproducability in follow-up CT examinations. PMID- 3211318 TI - Osteogenic sarcoma of the calvarium in children: CT manifestations. AB - Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the skull is rare in the pediatric age. The CT manifestations, and the differential diagnosis are discussed in relation to two cases, one an osteolytic type and the second an osteoblastic type. PMID- 3211317 TI - Extrasinusal dural arteriovenous malformations. Report of three cases. AB - Of 60 cases of dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVM) explored and treated in the Vascular Neuroradiology Unit of the Hospital of Bicetre between 1980 and 1986, 3 presented in an extrasinusal location: intraorbital, middle cerebral fossa and the region of the superior orbital fissure. We have not found any prior description of DAVMs in these regions in the literature. The classic concept that DAVMs arise in direct relationship with the dural sinuses is limited. We believe that these lesions may also develop in relationship with the venous drainage system of the sinuses and the venous drainage of the peripheral nervous system. We note that the superior ophthalmic vein which drains DAVMs of the orbit and the olfactory vein which drains DAVMs of the anterior cranial fossa and other veins that accompany the cranial nerves through the skull base have the characteristics of emissary veins. It may be that DAVMs can develop wherever veins follow a transosseous trajectory. PMID- 3211319 TI - MR imaging of syringobulbia with giant syrinx. AB - Syringobulbia with a large syrinx was revealed by MR imaging. The syrinx extended from the medulla to vertebral level T10. We suspect that this giant syrinx may be produced by a congenital meningioma at C7, generating pulsatile flow in the original syrinx and causing a giant syrinx. PMID- 3211322 TI - 17th annual meeting of the Japanese Neurological Society. Pediatric neuroradiology. Tsukuba, 19-20 February, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3211320 TI - Fracture of the anterior arch of the atlas associated with a congenital cleft of the posterior arch. Demonstration by CT. AB - A case of a vertical fracture of the anterior arch of the atlas associated with a congenital cleft of the posterior arch of the same vertebra is reported. Such an association has not previously been described in the literature. X-Ray computed tomography is an excellent exam for visualizing this region and for easily distinguishing between fractures and congenital clefts. PMID- 3211321 TI - Garcin syndrome with hypopituitarythm. MR imaging. AB - We report a Garcin syndrome due to nasopharyngeal carcinoma invading the skull base. MR Imaging of this patient shows the position of the tumour and reveals how the tumor invaded the skull and the effect of treatment. PMID- 3211323 TI - [Post-infarction rupture of the interventricular septum. Our experience and current trends]. PMID- 3211324 TI - [Evaluation of the prognostic importance of the QT interval after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3211326 TI - [Direct surgery of lesions of the femoropopliteal tract. Indications and limitations]. PMID- 3211325 TI - [Doppler study of gradients and areas of aortic bioprostheses]. PMID- 3211327 TI - [Aortopulmonary fistula. Description of 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 3211328 TI - [Dermal vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. A study using capillaroscopy of the nailfold]. PMID- 3211329 TI - [Early use of ubidecarenone in patients with cardiopathies without signs of decompensation. Metabolic and polygraphic evaluation]. PMID- 3211330 TI - [Digital blood flow in peripheral vascular diseases. Action of drugs: buflomedil]. PMID- 3211331 TI - [Epileptic crises secondary to intermittent complete atrioventricular block. Description of a case]. PMID- 3211332 TI - [Interatrial block in acute myocardial infarction. Description of a case]. PMID- 3211333 TI - [Type A behavior and reinfarction: a 4-year longitudinal evaluation]. PMID- 3211335 TI - [Diagnostic value of electrocardiogram in septal fascicular conduction disorders of the left branch in diabetics]. PMID- 3211334 TI - [Decrease of blood viscosity induced by buflomedil in healthy volunteers]. PMID- 3211336 TI - [Arrhythmia or artifact? Diagnosis is not always obvious in Holter's dynamic electrocardiography]. PMID- 3211337 TI - [Usefulness of thermography in ulcero-mutilating acropathy of the lower limbs. Description of a case]. PMID- 3211338 TI - [The celiac trunk compression syndrome. Considerations on a clinical case]. PMID- 3211339 TI - [Anomalous partial pulmonary venous return without interatrial defects. Description of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 3211340 TI - [Potentiation of morphine analgesia by nifedipine in postoperative pain]. PMID- 3211341 TI - [Possible potentiation of morphine analgesia by proglumide]. PMID- 3211343 TI - [Thymectomy and myasthenia gravis. Critical remarks on our experience]. PMID- 3211342 TI - [Total gastrectomy. Comparison of manual and mechanical anastomosis in our experience]. PMID- 3211344 TI - [Clinical experience with a new method of separate lung ventilation in thoracic surgery]. PMID- 3211345 TI - [Surgical and microsurgical treatment of varicocele. Our experience]. PMID- 3211346 TI - [Importance of pectoral nerves in conservative surgery in cancer of the breast]. PMID- 3211347 TI - [Technics and indications of phlebography in the study of essential varices of the lower limbs]. PMID- 3211348 TI - [Emergency vascular access with a double-lumen subclavian catheter]. PMID- 3211349 TI - [Risk of infection during intraoperative autotransfusion]. PMID- 3211350 TI - [Computerization of the operating room service in the department of plastic surgery at the San Camillo Hospital]. PMID- 3211351 TI - [Reimplantation of the inferior mesenteric artery]. PMID- 3211352 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis. Apropos of 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 3211353 TI - [Bouveret's syndrome. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3211354 TI - [Monitoring of body temperature: fever]. PMID- 3211355 TI - [Liver metabolism of indocyanine green and aminopyrine in liver cirrhosis: relations with functioning liver cell mass]. AB - Hepatic clearance of indocyanine green, a drug with a high hepatic extraction rate, and breath tests with aminopyrine, a drug with a low hepatic extraction ratio, were calculated in 26 patients with liver cirrhosis. In addition galactose elimination capacity was calculated as an index of functional liver cell mass. All these parameters resulted significantly correlated with each other. These results confirm the view that during liver cirrhosis, metabolism of drugs with high and low hepatic extraction rates can be described according to the intact hepatocyte theory. PMID- 3211356 TI - [Presentation of a computerized clinical record for the study of risk factors and early diagnosis of breast neoplasia]. AB - A new clinical report card is proposed for mass screening for the early diagnosis of breast cancer and the study of the risk factors involved. The card takes the form of a questionnaire on which information is coded for immediate transfer to punched cards. This system makes information easy to file and process on a computer. PMID- 3211357 TI - [Psychonephrological considerations on the diet in chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - Some psychonephrological remarks on the reactions of 36 patients with chronic renal failure with respect to diet in predialysis and dialytic phase are presented. PMID- 3211358 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mimicking clinical picture of Budd-Chiari syndrome]. AB - A case of a patient with clinical picture of hepatosplenomegaly, portal hypertension, dilatation of hepatic veins and inferior vena cava, without venous thrombosis or other causes of obstruction of right-sided heart, is described. This picture is compatible with the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Echocardiography has shown a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causing relevant dilatation of both atria and it has allowed us to exclude the presence of a constrictive pericarditis. The hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is first considered as a cardiac cause of cirrhosis mimicking the Budd-Chiari syndrome. PMID- 3211359 TI - [Validity of nuclear magnetic resonance in gynecologic and obstetric diagnosis]. PMID- 3211360 TI - [Salivary lysozyme in pregnancy]. PMID- 3211361 TI - [Use of ceftriaxone in gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 3211362 TI - [Procreative obstinacy. Ethical and psychological aspects]. PMID- 3211363 TI - [Primary tubo-ovarian echinococcosis. Description of a case and epidemiological, pathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 3211364 TI - Effects of exposure in utero to methadone and buprenorphine on enkephalin levels in the developing rat brain. AB - Rat pups were exposed in utero to the opiates methadone or buprenorphine by administering subcutaneous injections to the mothers daily for the duration of pregnancy. Met- and Leu-enkephalin in the brains of the pups were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. Methadone at 8 mg/kg but not 4 mg/kg significantly reduced enkephalin levels in the striatum. Buprenorphine (1 and 2 mg/kg) did not affect peptide levels in any brain region. The results suggest that buprenorphine has minimal effect on the endogenous opioid system compared with methadone. However, the toxicity data indicate that he survival of the newborn is adversely affected by in utero exposure to buprenorphine. PMID- 3211365 TI - Transforming growth factor beta stimulates phosphoinositol metabolism and translocation of protein kinase C in cultured astrocytes. AB - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a regulatory peptide found in many normal and neoplastic tissues, including brain, with a diverse range of cellular effects. The transmembrane biochemical signals by which TGF-beta exerts these effects and the second messenger systems that may amplify them are unknown. We investigated the effects of TGF-beta upon membrane phosphoinositol metabolism and protein kinase C activity in cultured astrocytes. We found that exposure of astrocyte enriched cultures to TGF-beta resulted in the stimulation of phosphoinositol lipid turnover to inositol phosphates and in the apparent redistribution of protein kinase C from cytosol to membrane. PMID- 3211366 TI - The expression of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor II genes in the human fetal and adult brain and in glioma. AB - Expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) genes in the human brain and in glioma was studied by slot blot and Northern analysis following hybridization of IGF-I and IGF-II cDNA probes to isolated mRNA. In the fetal brain there were major IGF-I transcripts of 7.5 and 4.4 kilobases (kb) and one major IGF-II transcript of 6.0 kb. IGF-II mRNA was less abundant in the adult brain, with IGF-II mRNA being scarcely detectable. All glioma tissue examined displayed a marked enhancement of both IGF-I and IGF-II gene expression when compared to normal brain. IGF-I transcripts of 4.4 and 2.2 1.8 kb were identified. Similar to fetal brain a major IGF-II transcript of 6.0 kb was found in the glioblastoma examined. PMID- 3211368 TI - Selective opening of the blood-brain barrier in newborn piglets with experimental pneumothorax. AB - Pial-arachnoidal microvessels (40-210 micron) were studied by fluorescent microscopy in anaesthetized, immobilized and ventilated newborn piglets in the course of bilateral experimental pneumothorax (BEP; n = 10) using the open cranial window technique. Na+-fluorescein and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran (mol.wt. 40,000 and 70,000 Da) administered i.v. served as blood-brain barrier (BBB) indicators. After gradual exhaustion of compensatory mechanisms a critical phase, characterized by severe acidosis, bradycardia, arterial hypotension following hypertension and arterial hypoxaemia ensued, with vasoconstriction following vasodilation. Moreover, progressive circulation disturbances, sludging and microthrombi formation occurred in small venules. Concomitantly, diffuse BBB opening for Na+-fluorescein ensued in all piglets with BEP as shown by extended fluorescence in the brain tissue around the small venules (less than 80 micron); never observed for FITC-dextran and in the control animals (n = 4) without BEP. In the acute phase of pneumothorax a selective opening of the BBB should be considered. PMID- 3211367 TI - Serotonin-like immunoreactive fibers in the medial dorsal accessory group and the anterior fornical nucleus of the magnocellular neurosecretory system in the rat. AB - The area lateral to the stria medullaris and the fornix at the level of the interventricular foramen, an area known to be occupied by the medial dorsal accessory group and the anterior fornical nucleus of the magnocellular neurosecretory system, was found to be studded with serotonin (5-HT)-like immunoreactive (LI) varicosities. Double immunostaining with antisera against 5 HT and oxytocin (OXY) proved that the 5-HT-LI varicosities were in close proximity to the OXY-LI neurons in the medial dorsal accessory group and the anterior fornical nucleus. These nuclei were distributed more densely with 5-HT LI varicosities than other cell groups in the magnocellular neurosecretory system. PMID- 3211369 TI - Dendrotoxin-sensitive K+ channels in dorsal root ganglion cells. AB - In primary sensory cells, a K current active at resting potential is selectively blocked by the convulsant snake toxin, dendrotoxin. Using the patch-clamp technique, we have examined the characteristics of this K current at the unitary level. The voltage-activated K+ channels were found to have a maximum conductance of 5-10 pS in a 'physiological' K+ gradient. They show negligible sensitivity to calcium at the inner membrane aspect. Blockade by dendrotoxin seems likely to be due to direct action on the K+ channel. PMID- 3211370 TI - Transient GABA-like immunoreactive axons in the corpus callosum of perinatal rats. AB - During the early postnatal development of the rat, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) like immunoreactive axons were contained within the subcortical white matter. Some of the immunoreactive axons crossed the midline, while others followed a vertical or longitudinal trajectory within the lateral part of the corpus callosum. Growth cones were occasionally observed. The immunoreactive axons were transitory, and were last detected at postnatal day 6. PMID- 3211371 TI - Differential effects of adrenocorticotropin(1-24) on [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in cultured cells derived from different brain regions. AB - The effect of adrenocorticotropin(1-24) (ACTH(1-24)) on the uptake of [3H]2-deoxy D-glucose ([3H]2-DG) was compared in cell cultures derived from two regions (hypothalamus, and extrahypothalamic forebrain) of fetal rat brain. Under control conditions, [3H]2-DG uptake was similar in extrahypothalamic (10.9 +/- 1.1 nmol/mg protein/5 min) and hypothalamic (11.9 +/- 1.3) cells. No significant effect of ACTH (1-24) (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) was found on uptake of [3H]2-DG in extrahypothalamic cells. In contrast, in hypothalamic cells, a potent stimulatory effect (P less than 0.0001) up to 174% over the control value of [3H]2-DG uptake was produced by these concentrations of ACTH(1-24). This study suggests that ACTH may be a stimulator of brain glucose uptake, and that this effect varies in different brain regions. PMID- 3211372 TI - The release of endogenous acetylcholine from the medial septum/diagonal band of rat brain. AB - This study sought to establish whether cholinergic neurons in the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band (ms/vdB) release endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) locally, and whether the release was modulated by presynaptic feedback mechanisms. Release of ACh from slices of the ms/vdB was assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Potassium depolarization resulted in a 20- to 25-fold increase in ACh release above spontaneous levels. Omission of Ca2+ from the incubation medium decreased this release by 91%. In the presence of 4 microM atropine, potassium-induced ACh release was enhanced by 48%. These results indicate that ACh is released in the ms/vdB by a Ca2+-dependent and atropine sensitive process. PMID- 3211373 TI - Phenylalanine administration influences dopamine release in the rat's corpus striatum. AB - We used intracerebral dialysis to monitor extracellular levels of dopamine and its major metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in rat striatum. Levels of these compounds were determined after intraperitoneal administration of phenylalanine (200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). A dose of 200 mg/kg phenylalanine increased basal dopamine release by 59%, peaking at 75 min. There was no change in basal dopamine release after the 500 mg dose, whereas the 1000 mg/kg dose significantly reduced (26%) dopamine release. No significant changes were observed in the concentrations of DOPAC and HVA with any of the treatments, indicating that changes in brain phenylalanine and tyrosine levels may selectively affect production of the dopamine molecules that are preferentially released into synapses. PMID- 3211374 TI - Diltiazem suppresses apomorphine-induced fighting and pro-aggressive effect of withdrawal from chronic ethanol or haloperidol in rats. AB - Dopaminergic receptor stimulation with apomorphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced irritable aggression consisting of defensive upright postures, vocalization and biting attacks in pairs of responsive rats. Aggression was considerably decreased when the animals were pretreated with diltiazem, a Ca2+ channel inhibitor (5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.). Originally non-responsive rats exhibited apomorphine-induced fighting upon withdrawal from prolonged ethanol (21 days, 3 g/kg, twice daily, intragastrically, i.g.) or haloperidol (14 days, 0.5 mg/kg, twice daily i.g.). If the animals were co-administered diltiazem i.g. 30 min prior to each dose of ethanol or haloperidol the aggressive response to apomorphine was significantly decreased; reduction in attack score being the most prominent. Chronic (14 or 21 days) diltiazem by itself did not facilitate the appearance of apomorphine induced fighting in non-responsive rats. These results suggest that diltiazem can inhibit apomorphine-induced fighting and prevent the development of ethanol and haloperidol-induced behavioural supersensitivity to apomorphine. PMID- 3211376 TI - The life experience of the first-year doctoral student. PMID- 3211375 TI - Nursing diagnosis: a curricular model based on the NANDA list. PMID- 3211377 TI - Drug use and nursing students. Part 1, A program for prevention. PMID- 3211378 TI - Personality characteristics of registered nurses in baccalaureate education. PMID- 3211379 TI - Soliciting student input to improve clinical teaching. PMID- 3211380 TI - Heartbeat trail: a cardiovascular system game. PMID- 3211382 TI - Interview with a dean. Interview by Mary Ann Rose. PMID- 3211381 TI - Research assistants in nursing: roles and issues. PMID- 3211383 TI - An exercise in formulating a nursing health history assessment tool. PMID- 3211384 TI - Helping high risk students: opportunities with excellence. PMID- 3211385 TI - To change or not to change, that is the question? PMID- 3211387 TI - Health behaviors in nurse faculty: how healthy are we? PMID- 3211388 TI - Increasing pharmacology knowledge of baccalaureate students. PMID- 3211386 TI - Research teaching strategies. PMID- 3211389 TI - A textbook coding tool. Part 1. Assessing elements that promote analytic abilities. PMID- 3211390 TI - Enhancing the socialization process. PMID- 3211391 TI - Absenteeism: a way to survive. PMID- 3211392 TI - Improving teaching for thinking. PMID- 3211395 TI - Encouraging non-smoking behaviors: a necessary component of nursing education. PMID- 3211394 TI - Drug use and nursing students: Part II. A program for prevention. PMID- 3211393 TI - The effect of institutional mergers on a private college. PMID- 3211396 TI - Identifying and assisting disadvantaged students. PMID- 3211397 TI - Learning styles. PMID- 3211398 TI - Clinical evaluation: challenging tradition. PMID- 3211399 TI - An innovative way to individualize the master care plan. PMID- 3211400 TI - Student stress level and cognitive performance: quick assessment. PMID- 3211401 TI - Keeping track. PMID- 3211403 TI - Program evaluation. PMID- 3211402 TI - Managing your academic career. Knowledge and skills: tools of the trade. PMID- 3211404 TI - Heparin locks and children: think small. PMID- 3211405 TI - Test your knowledge of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. PMID- 3211406 TI - Still the same. PMID- 3211407 TI - Sporting approach. PMID- 3211409 TI - The company we keep. PMID- 3211408 TI - Abnormal pulse rhythm: when is it cause for concern? PMID- 3211410 TI - The secret behind John's smile. PMID- 3211411 TI - Atropine--a versatile drug. PMID- 3211412 TI - Myths & facts about mechanical ventilation. PMID- 3211414 TI - Helping patients who've had near-death experiences. PMID- 3211413 TI - Closed head injury. PMID- 3211415 TI - Does nursing need its own ACLS course? PMID- 3211416 TI - Setting up a cardiac monitor--without missing a beat. PMID- 3211417 TI - When your patient is a drug abuser. PMID- 3211419 TI - 6 common causes of nursing liability. PMID- 3211418 TI - Caring for A.I.D.S. patients: a challenge you can meet (continuing education credit). PMID- 3211420 TI - When a nurse isn't a nurse. PMID- 3211421 TI - The no-fault way to assess carotid arteries. PMID- 3211423 TI - Preparing your patient for home i.v. therapy. PMID- 3211422 TI - Child neglect: when the parents couldn't care less. PMID- 3211425 TI - Death & dying. PMID- 3211424 TI - Think twice about discharge medications. PMID- 3211426 TI - Nurse's notes make the difference. PMID- 3211427 TI - New approaches to radiolabelled blood cells imaging thrombus and inflammation. Papers from a meeting. London, February 26-27 1988. PMID- 3211428 TI - Lung diseases--the use of labelled granulocytes. PMID- 3211429 TI - The use of 111In-labelled autologous neutrophils in imaging myocardial infarction. PMID- 3211430 TI - Osteomyelitis. AB - The use of 111In-labelled granulocyte scintigraphy is recognized as a reliable method for detecting osteomyelitis and has similar sensitivity and significantly increased specificity compared to bone scintigraphy and 67Ga studies. Recent published work using pure granulocytes labelled with 111In tropolonate to detect osteomyelitis resulted in sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 92%. 99Tcm as an alternative granulocyte label offers advantages of convenience, lower radiation dose and higher image resolution. We have scanned 20 patients with suspected osteomyelitis using autologous granulocytes labelled with 99Tcm hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HMPAO), 12 of whom had prosthetic joints. The scan results were correlated with clinical, radiographic, microbiological and histological findings. Sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 93% which compares favourably with results obtained using 111In-labelled granulocytes. We believe that labelled granulocyte scintigraphy is a useful investigation in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and that 99Tcm HMPAO appears to be at least as useful as 111In as the labelling agent. PMID- 3211431 TI - Sepsis (new approaches to imaging and thrombus used at St Bartholomew's Hospital 1988). PMID- 3211432 TI - White cells radiolabelled with 111In and 99Tcm--a study of relative sensitivity and in vivo viability. AB - In this study a comparison between the classical (111In oxine) and the newer (99Tcm HMPAO) technique of labelling leucocytes is reported. The behaviour in vivo and the relative sensitivity in the detection of infection (chest and bone) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is presented. Simultaneous dual-radionuclide gamma camera acquisition methodology was applied to study 99 patients, 18 with chest infection, 26 with bone infection, 41 with IBD and 14 with other pathological conditions. The mean (1 SD) 50% washout time from the lungs was 483.03 (79.10) s for 99Tcm HMPAO-labelled white blood cells and 475.85 (83.79) s for 111In oxine-labelled white cells (r = 0.81). Concordance between the two techniques was 94% in the chest-infection group of patients, 88% in the bone infection group and 71% in the localization of IBD. PMID- 3211433 TI - In vivo labelling of granulocytes using 123I-tagged anti-granulocyte antibodies. AB - On the basis of previous work with various monoclonal antibodies (Mab) raised against carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), the anti-CEA Mab 47 was identified which selectively reacted with a surface glycoprotein (95 kDa; NCA 95) of normal human granulocytes. This new tracer was quality tested and radioiodinated with 123I (123I Mab 47) for clinical use according to established procedures. Extended in vitro studies revealed a high selectivity for granulocytes without inhibiting their vital functions. In vivo cell binding to the granulocyte pool was completed very rapidly and remained unchanged over 24 h. For clinical use one dose consisting of 120 mcg of Mab was labelled with 4-5 mCi of 123I. Clinical interest was mainly concentrated on cases of osteomyelitis, infected allografts and abdominal and brain abscesses. After injection of 123I Mab 47, infectious lesions were usually seen after 3-5 h or could be excluded after 24 h. Because of high counting rates the image quality was excellent and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) could be performed for an exact topographical localization of the lesions. No adverse reactions have been seen. It is concluded that there are distinct advantages of the new method compared with scanning of 111In-labelled leucocytes. However, despite this and the low dose of antibodies administered, we recommend restriction of immunoscintigraphy of infectious lesions before a clinically relevant immunization can be excluded. PMID- 3211434 TI - A rapid method for the preparation of 99Tcm hexametazime-labelled leucocytes. AB - 99Tcm (+/-)-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HMPAO) (99Tcm Hexametazime) has been recently reported as an alternative for labelling leucocytes. For reasons of convenience, radiation dose and image quality, many workers have welcomed this novel approach except for its complicated labelling protocol and venesection of 100 ml. This technique has been modified to give a simpler routine in-house labelling technique. It has three advantages: only about 20 ml of blood is required, the labelling time is just under 1 h and high yields of labelled leucocytes are obtained (mean of 500 MBq per injection dose). The properties of labelled leucocytes using this modified method are; 80% granulocyte-bound radioactivity, a rapid lung transit and a blood granulocyte recovery of 40% at 30 min similar to those described previously. The viability of the labelled leucocytes was tested and confirmed in vitro using a migration technique and in vivo by showing no lung retention on early imaging and high splenic uptake. A rapid in-process chromatography assessment procedure for regulating the protocol has been developed. Successful abscess imaging by 4 h has been achieved in 21 patients with normal results in another 22 patients without abscesses. This simpler method should encourage a more widespread application of scintigraphy using radiolabelled granulocytes. PMID- 3211436 TI - 99Tcm hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime-labelled leucocyte scanning for detection of infection in orthopaedic surgery--first results. PMID- 3211435 TI - Imaging of inflammation with granulocytes labelled in vivo. AB - We have looked for inflammatory lesions in 37 patients using granulocytes labelled in vivo. For the purpose of cell labelling we used a monoclonal murine antibody reacting with NCA and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (BW 250/183) labelled with 99Tcm. All abscesses and other inflammatory lesions were visualized with excellent quality scintigrams between 2 and 6 h after the injection. As the antibody can be stored in a freeze-dried form and labelled at any time in any department of nuclear medicine with 99Tcm without cell separation being necessary, the method appears to be suitable even for use in acute diagnosis. No side effects have so far been found. PMID- 3211437 TI - Utilization of tumour-sensitized ('educated') and radiolabelled lymphocytes for tumour localization. AB - Upon coculture of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in the presence of irradiated autologous tumour cells, the PBL can be sensitized to the tumour (or perhaps more correctly resensitized), as shown by in vitro cytotoxic properties. The cells can be proliferated in the presence of interleukin-2, radiolabelled with 111In and injected back into the cell donor. Using this technique, tumour deposits were localized in five out of seven patients. Possible techniques for increasing the specificity of this form of adoptive immunocytotherapy are pointed out. PMID- 3211438 TI - Targeting of lymphocytes with 111In-labelled monoclonal antibodies. AB - In this paper, we emphasize the rationale and work-up studies for using two radiolabelled anti-lymphocyte monoclonal antibodies for in vivo application as radiolabelling agents for T and B cells. In vitro experimental work involved radioimmunoassays on human lymphoid cell lines and anticoagulated whole blood with identification of relevant binding kinetics in terms of antibody internalization and elution. We tested also for the effect of the radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies on in vitro cell function defined as mitogen-induced proliferation in whole blood. As a final work-up in an animal model, the distribution of both unlabelled and 111In-labelled anti-Pan T cell monoclonal antibody was studied in the rat. Results from the in vitro experiments pointed to the possibility of using the described technique for specific lymphocyte radiolabelling. The in vivo application enabled us to identify optimal doses of antibody and radioactivity which showed agreement with the in vitro data. PMID- 3211439 TI - In vitro studies with an anti-platelet monoclonal antibody; P256. AB - P256 is a platelet-specific monoclonal antibody. It has potential as a diagnostic agent for use in thrombus detection by radioimmunoscintigraphy. However, the whole antibody has been reported to cause platelet aggregation. The object of the present study was to determine the effects of the F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments of P256 on human platelets in vitro. Gel-filtered platelets were prepared from citrated venous blood, and aggregation was studied at 37 degrees C using the method of Born. The whole antibody caused aggregation over the concentration range 10(-9)-10(-7) M, with a maximum of 70% aggregation. The F(ab')2 fragment was less potent with a maximum response of only 45%. The monovalent Fab' fragment caused no aggregation at concentrations up to 10(-7) M. However, binding studies with 111In-labelled monovalent Fab' fragment demonstrated saturable displaceable binding (Kd = 9.1 x 10(-9) M). Aggregation induced by the divalent forms of the antibody was partially dependent upon added fibrinogen. It is concluded that the monovalent Fab' fragment of P256 may be used in platelet-labelling studies without risk of inducing aggregation irrespective of concentration. The whole antibody, or its divalent F(ab')2 fragment, may also be used provided their concentrations are kept below 10(-9) M. PMID- 3211440 TI - In vivo studies with an anti-platelet monoclonal antibody; P256. PMID- 3211441 TI - 99Tcm hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HMPAO) as a platelet label: evaluation of labelling parameters and first in vivo results. AB - The lipophilic 99Tcm hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HMPAO) complex can be used for labelling platelets as well as granulocytes. For the evaluation of optimal labelling parameters, platelets were isolated according to standard isolation procedures. The labelling efficiency (%) depends on incubation temperature (22 degrees C: 40%; 37 degrees C: 50%), incubation time (3 min: 20%; 25 min: 55%) and the incubation medium (plasma: 40%; saline: 50%). The 60 min 99Tcm elution from the platelets is around 8%. The platelet recovery, used as a quality parameter, is around 25 +/- 4% and is stable for at least 240 min. The high elution rate from the platelets leads to renal excretion of the label and so to significant kidney and bladder activity. Intestinal excretion of the label can also be frequently demonstrated. Fresh thrombotic lesions can usually be detected 4 h after reinjection of the labelled platelets, and in some patients as early as 1 h after reinjection of the platelets. In conclusion, 99Tcm HMPAO seems to be a promising platelet label for imaging thrombotic lesions but not for platelet survival studies because of the short physical half-life of 99Tcm. PMID- 3211442 TI - The diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischaemia using 99Tcm-labelled 50H.19, a monoclonal antibody reacting with platelets. PMID- 3211444 TI - The team approach for treatment of cleft lip and palate. PMID- 3211443 TI - Imaging and kinetics studies with radiolabelled autologous low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in human atherosclerosis. AB - Experimental data in rabbits show a significantly (P less than 0.01) increased vascular uptake of autologous 125I-radiolabelled low-density lipoproteins (LDL) at various time intervals after experimental lesioning. In some vascular areas in patients, a positive gamma-camera image can be obtained as early as 30 min after reinjection of autologous 123I-labelled LDL only. Monitoring of kinetics provides reliable information on localized increased LDL entry in certain vascular areas. Although a number of methodological improvements are needed, the technique described may be of clinical value in the future. PMID- 3211445 TI - Implementing infection control procedures in the dental office. PMID- 3211446 TI - Does AIDS in children merit separate attention from AIDS in adults? PMID- 3211447 TI - Defense strategies and liability insurance. PMID- 3211448 TI - Supporting colleagues--but how? PMID- 3211449 TI - Associate degree nursing education: past, present and future. PMID- 3211450 TI - Dreams and visions. PMID- 3211451 TI - Culturally sensitive nursing care for black clients. PMID- 3211452 TI - [Changes in the protein spectrum of human kidney anlagen]. AB - Extracts of metanephros were studied using two-dimensional electrophoresis in human embryos at the age of 7 to 21 week of intrauterine development. Electrophoregrams show 160 to 190 protein fractions. Fractions have been identified which corresponded to actin, albumin, alpha-chain of tropomyosin, light chains of myosin. The tropomyosin zone fractions were subject to greatest changes during development. Other zones of the embryonic kidney electrophoretogram displayed, predominantly, quantitative changes of polypeptides. PMID- 3211453 TI - [The viability of rat amd mouse embryos in low-temperature preservation]. AB - Embryos of the laboratory rats and mice at the two-cell stage were frozen in different media with 1.5 M DMSO at a rate of 0.5-0.7 degrees/min to -40 degrees and the transferred into liquid nitrogen. Temperature of the crystallization initiation was -6 degrees. After thawed embryos were transplanted to foster mothers, these latter gave birth to normal offspring. The best results (38% of the total number of transplanted embryos in mice and 55% in rats) were obtained when using modified Whitten's medium for cryopreservation. Survival of the rat embryos in the NT-6 medium fell to 36% due, supposedly, to changes in pH accompanying the decrease in temperature. These results allow us to recommend modified Whitten's medium and the developed conditions of freezing-thawing for cryopreservation of the rat and mouse embryos. PMID- 3211454 TI - [The action of serotonin and its analogs on the in vitro maturation of amphibian oocytes]. AB - Indolylalkylamines (5-HT, 5-chlorotryptamine, 5-ethyltryptamine) suppress or block the progesterone-induced oocyte maturation in Bufo viridis and Xenopus laevis and disturb cytoskeletal rearrangements associated with oocytes involved, together with the other transmitter systems, in modulation of progesterone effect. PMID- 3211456 TI - Unexploited potential of molecular technology to unravel the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. PMID- 3211455 TI - [Effect of permanent magnetic fields on the regeneration of the tail in amphibian larvae]. AB - Vertically directed permanent magnetic fields stimulate tail regeneration in larvae of three anuran species. This effect depends on correlation between the beginning of exposure and the time of injury, magnetic field intensity, species, age and individual features. The permanent magnetic field (133-193 kA/m) enhances differentiation of collagen-containing structures of the tail regenerate. PMID- 3211457 TI - Morning-to-evening change in refraction, corneal curvature, and visual acuity 2 to 4 years after radial keratotomy in the PERK Study. AB - The authors previously reported morning-to-evening changes in ophthalmic measurements at 3 months and at 1-year after radial keratotomy in a self-selected group of patients in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study. Fifty-two patients included in the earlier study were examined again between 2 1/2 and 4 years after surgery before 10:00 AM and after 5:30 PM on the same day to determine if the changes persisted beyond 1 year after surgery. Between the morning and evening examinations, 31% of the eyes had an increase in minus spherical equivalent power of the manifest refraction of 0.50 to 1.50 diopters; 12% had a change in cylinder power of 0.50 to 1.00 D; 19% had a decrease in uncorrected visual acuity of two to five Snellen lines; and 29% showed central corneal steepening by 0.50 to 1.00 D. Thus, in some patients, morning-to-evening fluctuation persisted until 2 1/2 to 4 years after radial keratotomy. PMID- 3211458 TI - Levocabastine. Evaluation in the histamine and compound 48/80 models of ocular allergy in humans. AB - The efficacy of a new antihistamine, levocabastine, in alleviating the ocular allergic reactions induced by both histamine and 48/80 was evaluated in humans. Levocabastine (0.5%) was instilled in one eye of 30 volunteers, and vehicle in the contralateral eye. After 15 minutes, half of the subjects received histamine (25 mg/ml) and half, 48/80 (7.5 mg/ml). The signs and symptoms of allergy were graded clinically after 30 minutes. Compared with a buffer control, levocabastine significantly alleviated itching (P = 0.01), redness (P = 0.0156), and chemosis (P = 0.005) induced by histamine, and itching (P = 0.032) and redness (P = 0.029) induced by 48/80. The results from these pharmacologic models support the clinical use of levocabastine for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. PMID- 3211459 TI - Nylon suture toxicity after cataract surgery. AB - A cluster of symptoms and signs that appear to be related to wound closure developed in 10 of 105 consecutive patients (9.5%) who underwent uncomplicated planned extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implants. These signs and symptoms included foreign body sensation, conjunctival injection and infiltrates localized to the scleral wound, and scleral excavation underlying the running 10-0 nylon suture possibly resulting from localized scleral edema. The clinical presentation ranged from 1 to 6 weeks. Conjunctival stains demonstrated eosinophils and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in some cases. Gram stains, conjunctival cultures, and results of suture toxicology studies were negative. The authors believe that these findings represent a previously unreported complication after ECCE: acute inflammation primarily localized to the conjunctiva and sclera adjacent to the cataract wound. The etiology of this postoperative complication is yet to be determined. PMID- 3211460 TI - Dysthyroid optic neuropathy. The crowded orbital apex syndrome. AB - The authors have reviewed the clinical presentation, visual fields, color vision testing, visual-evoked potentials, and computed tomographic (CT) findings of 58 patients (95 eyes) with dysthyroid optic neuropathy. The authors compared these findings to a control group of 60 patients (119 eyes) with thyroid eye disease who underwent CT scanning and did not exhibit evidence of optic neuropathy. Clinically, dysthyroid optic neuropathy is an insidious disease; when compared with the usual Graves' orbitopathy patient, the optic neuropathy group presented at a later age and with a later onset of thyroid eye disease. The patients in this group were more likely to be male and/or diabetic, and often presented with desaturation of color vision. Asymmetrical extraocular muscle restriction and vertical tropias were more frequent in the optic neuropathy group. The most sensitive indicators of optic nerve dysfunction appeared to be visual-evoked potentials and color vision. Computed tomographic studies confirmed that apical orbital crowding was a characteristic feature of optic neuropathy. These findings should alert the clinician to a more aggressive approach to these patients. PMID- 3211461 TI - Long-term results and complications of botulinum A toxin in the treatment of blepharospasm. AB - The authors review their long-term results and complications with the use of botulinum A toxin in the treatment of facial dystonias. Two hundred thirty-two patients in three diagnostic groups--essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and Meige's syndrome--were treated with botulinum A toxin. A total of 1044 treatments were given over a 4-year period. A reduction in orbicularis spasm intensity was noted in 1012 (96.9%) treatments (mean duration, 13.3 weeks). There was no clear relationship between toxin dose and the amount of spasm reduction or duration of response, and average duration of beneficial effect remained constant from the first through the twelfth injections. Complications occurred in 236 (22.6%) treatments. In most cases, these were local and transient. Symptomatic dry eye was the most common side effect, noted in 7.5% of cases. Ptosis was reported in 7.3% of treatments and photophobia in 2.5%. Diplopia involving the inferior oblique or lateral rectus muscles was seen in less than 1% of cases. There were no differences in degree of response or in complications among the three diagnostic groups, although there was a slight difference in duration of effect. Patients who had undergone previous eyelid surgery for blepharospasm did not respond differently from those without prior surgery. PMID- 3211462 TI - Treatment of sixth nerve palsy in adults with combined botulinum toxin chemodenervation and surgery. AB - This study reports the results of treating unrecovered sixth nerve palsy in adults with a combination of botulinum toxin and surgery. Twenty-two adults, 11 with unilateral and 11 with bilateral unrecovered sixth nerve palsy, were treated with injections of botulinum toxin to the contracted medial rectus followed by transposition surgery to the vertical rectus muscles. This management technique produced a satisfactory reduction in esotropia, averaging 46 prism diopters (PD), comparable with that achieved by conventional surgery in other series. The advantages of this form of treatment are discussed. PMID- 3211463 TI - Unusual eyelid tumors with sebaceous differentiation in the Muir-Torre syndrome. Rapid clinical regrowth and frank squamous transformation after biopsy. AB - An unusual eyelid tumor with sebaceous differentiation developed in two 70-year old men and each had an earlier history of one or more colonic carcinomas--the so called Muir-Torre syndrome. These eyelid tumors were both behaviorally and histopathologically different from previously documented cutaneous neoplasms in this syndrome. In the first case, a sebaceous adenoma took multifocal origin from the epidermis and exhibited an interanastomosing retiform growth pattern in the underlying dermis; the lesion rapidly recurred as a keratoacanthoma after subtotal excision. In the second case, a conjunctival tumor with features of a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma manifested focal evidence of sebaceous differentiation. Again, after an incisional biopsy, the latter tumor rapidly regrew and transformed into a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with massive central necrosis. Although sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelids does not appear to presage the Muir-Torre syndrome, any benign sebaceous or transitional squamo-sebaceous neoplasm should be considered a possible manifestation of this syndrome. Both clear-cut benign and transitional sebaceous neoplasms should also be recognized as having the potential to undergo an ominous clinical regrowth upon subtotal excision and a complete squamous transformation. PMID- 3211464 TI - Chronic hematic cyst of the orbit. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis. AB - Chronic hematic cysts of the orbit are rare causes of proptosis. They progressively enlarge causing expansion or erosion of the orbital bones and may give the appearance on computed tomography (CT) scan of a malignant orbital process. Hematic cysts have a characteristic appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is virtually pathognomic. The authors present two cases in which MRI was used to establish the diagnosis. PMID- 3211465 TI - Benign osteoblastoma of the orbit. AB - Benign osteoblastoma is a rare lesion of the orbit--only five cases have been described previously. The usual location is in the vertebral column and to a lesser extent in the skull. Although it is an invasive lesion, recurrences have not been reported after en bloc excision. The authors report a 10-year-old boy who presented with upper lid swelling, proptosis, and hypophthalmia. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a calcified mass in the superior orbit which had eroded through the roof, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well circumscribed mass between the periorbita and dura. A transcranial approach was used to remove the tumor, and the roof reformed with polypropolene. He has been followed for 18 months without recurrence. PMID- 3211467 TI - Incidence of second neoplasms in patients with bilateral retinoblastoma. AB - The cumulative incidence of second neoplasms in 215 patients with bilateral retinoblastoma was calculated using the life-table method. Second tumors developed in 4.4% of the patients during the first 10 years of follow-up, in 18.3% after 20 years, and in 26.1% after 30 years. The 30-year cumulative incidence was 35.1% for the 137 patients who received radiation therapy compared with an incidence rate of 5.8% for the 78 patients who did not receive radiation. In the 137 patients who received radiation, second tumors developed both inside and outside the field of therapy. There was a 30-year incidence rate of second tumors of 29.3% within the field of irradiation and 8.1% outside the field. The rate outside the field of irradiation (8.1%) was similar to that observed in nonirradiated patients (5.8%). Our findings indicate that carriers of the retinoblastoma gene have an increased incidence of second tumors, and that the incidence rate is further increased in patients who receive radiation therapy. PMID- 3211466 TI - Recurrent medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body. Immunohistochemical characteristics. AB - A predominantly benign medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body was diagnosed in an 8-year-old girl and resected by iridocyclectomy. It recurred twice during 30 months. Highly malignant histopathologic features developed, and the eye finally perforated and had to be enucleated. No recurrence or metastases have subsequently developed. Histologically, the tumor was a nonteratoid medulloepithelioma consisting of elements resembling embryonic retina, nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, and neuroblasts, but had also areas of obvious glial and neuronal differentiation as judged by immunohistochemistry. The neuroepithelial tumor cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase, vimentin, and often for S-100 protein. The neuroblastic cells were generally positive for neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin, but were intermixed with glia-like tumor cells positive for vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100 protein. The results suggest that even a nonteratoid medulloepithelioma may be, unlike retinoblastoma, a truly multipotential tumor. PMID- 3211468 TI - Amblyopia in myopia. PMID- 3211469 TI - Ocular complications associated with retrobulbar anesthesia. PMID- 3211470 TI - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, blood dyscrasias, and standard-of-care. PMID- 3211471 TI - Transscleral neodymium:YAG thermal cyclophotocoagulation in refractory glaucoma. A preliminary report. AB - Thirty patients treated with transscleral neodymium:YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation (TSYLC) are reported. All patients had advanced glaucoma and had previously undergone one or more surgical procedures that failed, or were unsuitable for surgery. The average preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) for the group was 43 +/- 12 mmHg. The average follow-up time was 6 months. The average energy level used was 3.8 J (range, 3.5-4.5 J). The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 20 patients in whom laser lesions were applied 3 mm from the limbus. Group 2 consisted of ten patients in whom laser lesions were applied 2 mm from the limbus. Success was defined as an IOP between 22 and 5 mmHg, regardless of the number of treatments required. The overall success rate was 86%. However, group 2 required significantly more retreatment than did group 1. Complications were moderate and transient. PMID- 3211472 TI - Correlation of structure and function in glaucoma. Quantitative measurements of disc and field. AB - The relationship between quantitative structural measurements of the optic nerve head and quantitative measurements of the visual field in glaucoma was studied. Computerized videographic image analysis (Rodenstock Analyzer) was used to obtain cup-disc ratio, disc rim area, and cup volume in 50 glaucoma suspects and 37 glaucoma patients. The visual field indices, mean defect and loss standard deviation, were calculated from Octopus Program 32. There were statistically significant linear correlations between each of the optic nerve structural parameters and visual field mean defect and loss standard deviation. The strongest correlation was between disc rim area and visual field mean defect (r = -0.49), which are both global measures of glaucomatous damage. The correlations were not strong enough to readily allow the recognition of early nerve damage by the parameters analyzed thus far. Closer correlations may be evident if structural parameters can be found that more accurately reflect the number of surviving axons in the optic nerve head. PMID- 3211473 TI - Internal sclerectomy with an automated trephine for advanced glaucoma. AB - An automated trephine (trabecuphine) was used to perform an internal sclerectomy in seven glaucoma patients who were aphakic or had undergone previous filtering surgery that had failed or both. A patent fistula was achieved intraoperatively in all seven eyes. Postoperatively, six patients received subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FI) once daily for an average of 8 days. Five of seven patients have retained a functional bleb and a controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) after surgery (follow-up, 4-24 months). The only intraoperative complication was hemorrhage from the sclerectomy site in a patient with aniridia that resulted in a 20% hyphema. The hyphema cleared quickly, and the bleb has remained functional with a pressure of 12 mmHg for 9 months. The trabecuphine makes it possible to perform a glaucoma filtering operation safely from within the anterior chamber. This technique minimizes conjunctival trauma in the filtration area. The absence of a conjunctival incision overlying the fistula simplifies the adjunctive use of antimetabolites such as 5-FU. PMID- 3211474 TI - Laser iris retraction for angle-closure glaucoma after retinal detachment surgery. AB - Twelve patients with retinal detachment with postoperative angle closure due to ciliary body edema, refractory to topical cycloplegics and corticosteroids, were managed by peripheral iris retraction with argon laser photocoagulation. This gonioscopic procedure results in immediate visualization of angle structures and prompt reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). Routine tonometry and appropriate gonioscopy are essential to diagnose this form of glaucoma, which does not have a pupillary block component. Timely use of laser iris retraction reduces the risk of chronic glaucoma secondary to synechial closure. In this series, only two of ten patients, not previously known to have glaucoma, require long-term medication to control IOP. PMID- 3211475 TI - Treatment of phacolytic glaucoma with extracapsular cataract extraction. AB - The treatment of choice for phacolytic glaucoma has been intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE). The current study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) as a definitive treatment for phacolytic glaucoma. Five cases of phacolytic glaucoma that occurred between 1984 and 1986 were studied after a retrospective chart review; ECCE (with placement of a posterior chamber intraocular lens [PC IOL]) was performed without complication and was curative in all five eyes. All patients (100%) maintained intraocular pressures (IOPs) of less than 20 mmHg, without medical therapy. The best corrected visual acuity for all cases was 20/50 or better (80%, greater than or equal to 20/40) with 5 months to 3 years follow-up. These results suggest that ECCE is an effective alternative for the treatment of phacolytic glaucoma and allows surgeons the freedom to choose the procedure with which they are most comfortable. Additionally, implantation of a PC IOL is a safe and efficacious procedure in restoring visual function in these patients. PMID- 3211477 TI - Effect of patient experience on the results of automated perimetry in clinically stable glaucoma patients. AB - The first four automated visual field examinations of 20 patients with clinically stable chronic open-angle glaucoma who had previously undergone manual perimetry were studied for the presence of a learning effect on mean sensitivity, number of disturbed test locations, total loss, and short-term fluctuation. A learning effect, if present, would manifest itself as an improvement in the visual field as patients become more experienced with the test. There was no apparent effect of patient experience on the mean sensitivity, total loss, or the number of disturbed test locations. There was a significant (P less than 0.0001) decrease in short-term fluctuation as measured by the root mean square between the first and second visual field examinations. These results indicate that a learning effect did not play an important role in the clinical interpretation of automated perimetry in patients with glaucoma who have previous experience with manual perimetry. In most cases, it was not necessary to obtain more than one "baseline" examination unless a patient demonstrated unusually high short-term fluctuation or had visual field defects inconsistent with the rest of the clinical examination. PMID- 3211476 TI - The efficacy and safety of combined trabeculectomy, cataract extraction, and intraocular lens implantation. AB - The safety and efficacy of combined trabeculectomy, extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation were evaluated by retrospectively analyzing 108 consecutive operations. Postoperatively, 89% of eyes achieved 20/40 or better visual acuity when preoperative macular and optic nerve diseases were excluded. Mean follow-up was 16.8 months. Intraocular pressure (IOP) control (less than or equal to 21 mmHg) was achieved in 92% of eyes; 57% required no medications. Capsulotomy (20%) and transient hyphema (15%) occurred significantly more often (P less than 0.001) than in a comparison group. These results suggest that the combined procedure gives excellent visual rehabilitation and IOP control in the majority of patients included in this analysis. PMID- 3211478 TI - Blood dyscrasias and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. AB - Two new cases of aplastic anemia possibly associated with Neptazane (methazolamide) are reported. Several previous authors, as well as the manufacturer of Diamox (acetazolamide) and Neptazane, have recommended routine blood counts for patients on carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Four surveys are presented of current practices with regard to blood monitoring. These include authors of case reports, 40 academic ophthalmologists, 81 ophthalmologists in private practice, and 66 glaucoma specialists. The vast majority does not routinely monitor blood counts of patients on carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The value of routine blood monitoring is questionable both because of (1) the idiosyncratic, non-dose-related mechanism of the dyscrasias and (2) the variability of the timing of their onset and development. Regular observation and questioning of patients for symptoms are thought to be preferable. The importance of a thorough history when assigning an etiology to a dyscrasia is noted. PMID- 3211479 TI - 6-amino-2-benzothiazole-sulfonamide. The effect of a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor on aqueous humor formation in the normal human eye. AB - The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, 6-amino-2-benzothiazolesulfonamide, formulated as a 3% suspension in a gel vehicle was instilled in one eye of 21 human subjects in a single dose study to determine its effect on aqueous dynamics. A small but statistically significant effect on aqueous humor flow was observed 2 to 7 hours after application. By 8 hours, the effect had disappeared, and intraocular pressure (IOP) measured 8 hours after application of a single dose was unchanged in these normal volunteers. The drug and its vehicle caused local side effects including irritation, hyperemia, and blurred vision. The authors wondered if multiple doses would produce a greater effect. Four subjects received up to four doses of the drug over 2 days and were restudied. Marked bulbar injection and follicular conjunctivitis, attributable to either the drug or the vehicle, developed in two of the subjects, both contact lens wearers. A milder form of bulbar injection and follicular conjunctivitis developed in a third subject, who received three doses of the drug and was not a contact lens wearer. These side effects precluded additional multiple-dose testing of this formulation of the drug, and no conclusions about the effect of the drug on aqueous flow can be drawn from this portion of the study. PMID- 3211480 TI - Asymptomatic physiologic hyperdeviation in peripheral gaze. AB - Asymptomatic hyperdeviation (HD) in peripheral gaze may be caused by muscle paresis, restrictive orbital diseases, cranial neuropathy, or skew deviation. The authors suspected that this finding was often physiologic and therefore examined 61 normal subjects with the Maddox rod. Forty-seven of 61 patients (77%) showed an HD of 2 prism diopters (PD) or greater in any field of gaze; 22 of these 47 patients (47%) showed an isolated left HD in right upgaze and right HD in left upgaze; an additional 15 of the 47 patients (32%) had either a right HD in left upgaze or a left HD in right upgaze. In only one patient was a vertical phoria evident in primary gaze. Ninety-four percent noted vertical diplopia where the deviation was found. In 40 of 47 patients (85%), a "V" pattern of less than 15 PD was detected. No HD in primary gaze on head tilt was elicited in those tested. Awareness of this highly prevalent physiologic HD, which follows the pattern of primary overaction of the inferior oblique muscle, may ward off erroneous neurologic diagnoses. PMID- 3211481 TI - Comparison of hang-back medial rectus recession with conventional recession. AB - Hang-back recession is commonly used for adjustable strabismus surgery and surgery for dissociated vertical deviation. The authors have begun to use the hand-back technique for routine recessions as well, to simplify the procedure and to lessen the risk of scleral perforation. In 49 consecutive children undergoing conventional bilateral medial rectus recession and 31 consecutive children undergoing hang-back recession, the success rate (+/- 10 prism diopters [PD]) was 80% in the conventional group and 74% in the hang-back group at 6 weeks. The dose response curves were nearly identical. These results confirm that hang-back recessions for infantile and acquired esotropia are a predictable alternative to conventional strabismus surgery. PMID- 3211482 TI - Silicone intubation for the treatment of congenital lacrimal duct obstruction: successful results removing the tubes after six weeks. AB - There is little agreement in the ophthalmic literature on the optimum length of time that silicone tubes should be left in place after lacrimal intubation for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Various authors have recommended leaving the tubes in for 3 to 6 months. The authors of this article believe this to be an excessive amount of time. Lacrimal probing, inferior turbinate fracture, and silicone intubation were performed in children ranging in age from 3 months to 5 years. The tubes were removed after 6 weeks in all cases. Resolution of epiphora and dacryocystitis was achieved in all cases. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 81 months. The authors recommend that the silicone tubes be removed after 6 weeks. They also believe that fracture of the inferior turbinate should be performed along with silicone intubation. PMID- 3211483 TI - Sustained gentamicin release by presoaked medicated bandage contact lenses. AB - Current therapeutic regimens for external ocular infections require instillation of antibiotics up to every quarter of an hour in concentrations higher than those commercially available. As an alternative to topically applied gentamicin eye drops, the possibility of sustained gentamicin release by bandage contact lenses was investigated. Ten hydrogel bandage contact lenses (61.4% HEMA and 38.6% water content) were soaked overnight in a 0.5% solution of sterile, unpreserved, commercially available gentamicin, and fitted thereafter on ten eyes of healthy adult volunteers. Gentamicin concentrations in the tear film were determined 10, 30, and 60 minutes, and 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after fitting, using agar diffusion bioassay. Bactericidal concentrations (greater than 1.6 micrograms/ml) were found up to 3 days after contact lens fitting in all subjects. No toxic topical or systemic effects were seen. PMID- 3211484 TI - Mitomycin eye drops as treatment for pterygium. AB - The authors used an antineoplastic-antibiotic agent, mitomycin, in the form of eye drops as adjunctive treatment for primary and recurrent pterygia after surgical excision. Sixteen primary and four recurrent pterygia were treated with 1.0 mg/ml mitomycin eye drops, 14 primary and 10 recurrent pterygia were treated with 0.4 mg/ml mitomycin eye drops, and 18 primary pterygia were treated with placebo eye drops. Postoperative follow-up for the eyes treated with mitomycin eye drops ranged from 3 to 34 weeks (mean, 23 weeks). One of 44 pterygia treated with mitomycin recurred after 5 months (recurrence rate, 2.3%), whereas 16 of 18 primary pterygia treated with placebo eye drops developed postoperative granulomas and recurrent pterygia with a mean postoperative period of 6 weeks (recurrence rate, 88.9%). Topical mitomycin (1.0 mg/ml) caused conjunctival irritation, excessive lacrimation, and mild superficial punctate keratitis. These topical side effects were minimized with the 0.4 mg/ml mitomycin dosage. No systemic toxicity was noted with either dosage. The authors believe that mitomycin eye drops is a safe and effective adjunct to surgical excision in the treatment of primary or recurrent pterygia, or both. PMID- 3211485 TI - Suprofen treatment of contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis. AB - This multicenter study of patients with contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) was a randomized, double-masked comparison of a 1.0% suprofen solution versus the suprofen vehicle solution (placebo). Patients were given two drops of medication four times daily for up to 28 days and were clinically examined on days 0, 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The physicians' clinical judgments of the patients' responses to therapy significantly favored suprofen over placebo at day 21 (P = 0.02), while strongly favoring suprofen at day 14 (P = 0.057) and at day 28 (P = 0.067). The patients' opinions of their response to therapy significantly favored suprofen on day 14 (P = 0.03); a trend for suprofen was evident on day 28 (P = 0.1). Treatment with suprofen led to a greater overall reduction in ocular signs and symptoms than with placebo. Strong trends approaching statistically significant levels were found for reductions in the principal ocular sign, papillae, at day 28 (P = 0.068) and in mucus strands at days 14 and 28 (P = 0.09), which also favored suprofen. PMID- 3211486 TI - Corneal sensitivity after radial keratotomy. AB - Corneal sensitivity was tested in 76 eyes of 40 patients who underwent radial keratotomy for the correction of myopia, and radial keratotomy plus transverse incisions for the correction of myopia and astigmatism. There was a decrease in corneal sensitivity in 30.9 and 9.5% of patients undergoing radial keratotomy after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Approximately 70% of patients in this group had a recovery of lost sensitivity after 6 months. There was a similar decrease in sensitivity in 79.4 and 47.0% of patients undergoing radial keratotomy with the addition of transverse incisions for astigmatism at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The recovery rate in this group was 40.7%. The most significant loss of corneal sensation was in the areas central to the transverse incisions. The depth of the transverse incision, as well as the preoperative astigmatism, appeared to be factors in the loss of corneal sensation as well as in the recovery of the corneal sensitivity. There were no complications noted in this study as a result of decreased corneal sensitivity. PMID- 3211487 TI - Trauma after radial keratotomy. AB - Eight cases of trauma are reported in seven patients after radial keratotomy. Trauma occurred 2 weeks to 53 months postoperatively. There was mild, moderate, and severe trauma to the orbit and globe region in five patients and severe, direct trauma to the globe in three patients. The incisions remained intact in six cases. Two patients with severe, direct, ocular trauma opened a radial incision, had flat chambers, and were treated successfully with bandage lenses. In all eight instances of trauma, there was no permanent change from pre-trauma acuity (with or without correction). PMID- 3211489 TI - Pseudoexfoliative fibrillopathy. PMID- 3211488 TI - Results of anterior segment reconstruction for aphakic and pseudophakic corneal edema. AB - The authors studied prospectively 59 eyes with corneal edema after cataract surgery that required reconstructive surgery; penetrating keratoplasty in 59 (100%), anterior vitrectomy in 42 (71%), intraocular lens removal or exchange in 33 (56%), gonioplasty in 32 (54%), and iridoplasty in 30 (51%). With an average follow-up of 9.9 months, the corneal transplant was clear in 56 eyes (95%). The corrected visual acuity was improved in 49 eyes (83%) and was the same in seven eyes (12%). Intraocular pressure was less than or equal to 21 mmHg in 47 eyes (80%) and 22 to 29 mmHg in nine eyes (15%). The peripheral anterior synechiae score was the same or improved in 56 eyes (95%). Cystoid macular edema was absent to mild in 52 eyes (88%). Anterior segment reconstruction improved both anatomic integrity and visual acuity of most eyes without increasing complications. PMID- 3211490 TI - Feeder vessel photocoagulation. PMID- 3211491 TI - Ocular dominance tests before cataract surgery, especially monocular or unilateral. PMID- 3211492 TI - Standards for measuring visual acuity. PMID- 3211493 TI - Encapsulated blebs after glaucoma filtering surgery. Can the cause be the cure? PMID- 3211494 TI - Medical management of a high bleb phase after trabeculectomies. AB - In the first 2 months after trabeculectomy, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with a high bleb develops in some patients. This has been referred to as an encysted bleb, and some have recommended surgical techniques to repair it and to restore controlled IOP. This clinical picture occurred in 18 of 181 eyes (10%) undergoing simple trabeculectomy with a limbus-based conjunctival flap and tenonectomy. It did not occur among 69 eyes in which trabeculectomy with a fornix based flap was combined with extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). Its occurrence may, therefore, be related to surgical technique. In eyes with this syndrome, the authors used IOP-lowering eyedrops and/or pills, along with continued corticosteroid eyedrops. None required surgical manipulation. All 18 eyes achieved long-term IOP control, and in 14 all medications were ultimately discontinued. An hypothesis is suggested to explain the occurrence of this event and the rationale for this therapy. A trial of IOP-lowering treatment is indicated in the management of a high bleb phase after filtering surgery. PMID- 3211495 TI - A long Krupin-Denver valve implant attached to a 180 degrees scleral explant for glaucoma surgery. AB - A long glaucoma valve implant attached to an external scleral explant was used during filtration surgery in 72 eyes: 39 eyes with neovascular glaucoma and 33 eyes with other types of secondary glaucomas or with primary glaucoma in which prior filtration surgery had failed. The implant consisted of an open Silastic tube (outside diameter, 0.64 mm), which was placed into the anterior chamber. The external end of the tube contained a pressure-sensitive (opening pressure, 11 mmHg) and unidirectional slit-valve, and was sutured within the groove of a #220 Silastic explant. The 180 degree explant was placed beneath three rectus muscles and then sutured so that the grooved side was against the sclera, with the anterior edge 8 to 12 mm posterior to the limbus. The long glaucoma valve implant resulted in a large, posterior bleb extending over the area of the Silastic explant. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) of 43.9 mmHg in the eyes with neovascular glaucoma was reduced to 17.4 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 20.2 months. The mean preoperative IOP of 38.1 mmHg in the eyes after failure of previous filtration surgery was reduced to 17.6 mmHg at a mean follow-up of 21.0 months. Postoperative IOP was less than 21 mmHg in 77% of eyes with neovascular glaucoma (47% required additional medication) and in 82% of eyes with previous failure of filtration surgery (56% required additional medication). PMID- 3211497 TI - Clinico-histopathologic correlation of a successful glaucoma pump-shunt implant. AB - A 64-year-old diabetic man was treated for neovascular glaucoma with a pump-shunt implant (seton) after maximal medical therapy was unsuccessful. The seton, with supplemental agents, maintained the intraocular pressure (IOP) within a therapeutic range for 6 months, until the time of death from cardiac complications. Histopathologic evaluation of the eye showed the inlet of the seton in the periphery of the anterior chamber, not in contact with a coexisting anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). There was no fibrosis of the intracameral portion of the device. The tissue tract containing the silicon outlet tube extended from peripheral Descemet's membrane, through the sclera, to exit in the episcleral tissue over the posterior pars plana. Fibrous tissue originating from the episclera encased the external chambers of the seton. The internal contours of the fistulous tract, i.e., that portion adjacent to the seton, were smooth. There was no gross tissue hiatus at the exit port of the seton. The posterior wall of the fibrous capsule surrounding the seton in this region was diaphanous and immediately anterior to an area of cystic tissue comprising an equatorially placed bleb. The bleb was characterized by an irregular internal surface and a cystic cavity crossed by collagenous columns, suggesting it was the sub-Tenon's reservoir of aqueous. The success of the seton in this particular case may be due to a lack of fibrous reaction in the anterior chamber and the establishment of a stable filtering bleb in the equatorial region of the eye. PMID- 3211496 TI - Clinical experience with the single-plate Molteno implant in complicated glaucomas. AB - Ninety patients with medically uncontrollable glaucomas and poor surgical prognoses received single-plate Molteno implants (Optomat Supplies, Dunedin, New Zealand) without postoperative adjunctive systemic antifibrosis therapy. Eleven patients had insufficient follow-up for assessment of intraocular pressure (IOP) or visual acuity outcome. The initial Molteno implant procedures in the remaining 79 patients were successful (IOP less than or equal to 21 mmHg with at least 6 months' follow-up) in 26 (63%) of the 41 patients older than 12 years of age with non-neovascular glaucomas in aphakia/pseudophakia; 7 (70%) of the 10 patients older than 12 years of age with non-neovascular glaucomas in phakic eyes after failed filtering surgery; 7 (47%) of the 15 patients with neovascular glaucomas; and 7 (54%) of the 13 patients younger than 13 years of age with non-neovascular glaucomas. The visual acuities remained within one line of their preoperative levels or improved in 31 (76%) of the 41 aphakic or pseudophakic eyes with non neovascular glaucomas; 3 (30%) of the 10 phakic eyes with non-neovascular glaucomas after failed filtering surgery; 10 (67%) of the 15 eyes with neovascular glaucomas; and 9 (100%) of the 9 eyes with non-neovascular glaucomas in patients younger than 13 years of age on whom Snellen acuity was available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211498 TI - Surgical therapy of chronic glaucoma in aphakia and pseudophakia. AB - Most glaucoma surgical procedures are less successful in aphakic or pseudophakic eyes. The authors reviewed 91 consecutive initial glaucoma procedures in aphakic patients from 1979 to 1986 to determine successful outcomes and complications. Success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of at least 30% below the preoperative value and less than 21 mmHg, less than 2 lines of Snellen acuity loss, and no further surgical intervention. At 9 months, success rates were: trabeculectomy, 4 of 15 patients; cyclodialysis, 3 of 20 patients; neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) cyclophotocoagulation, 1 of 8 patients; cyclocryotherapy, 9 of 22 patients; anterior chamber tube shunt (Schocket procedure), 3 of 6 patients; and argon laser trabeculoplasty, 2 of 20 patients. Severe complications included phthisis bulbi in 11% of cyclocryotherapy and severe visual loss in 20% with cyclodialysis and 14% with cyclocryotherapy. Results confirm the difficulty of surgical therapy in these patients. PMID- 3211499 TI - The effects of withdrawal of timolol in chronically treated glaucoma patients. AB - The dynamics of aqueous humor were studied before and after discontinuing timolol maleate in chronic users. Nineteen patients (mean length of treatment, 44 months) were studied by measuring their baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) and aqueous humor flow during treatment and 2 days to 6 weeks after discontinuing the drug. Flow did not increase significantly until 4 days after discontinuing timolol, and IOP did not increase significantly until 14 days later. Flow did not revert to its normal rate for 2 to 6 weeks. Intraocular pressure was 15% lower and the flow 24% lower during maintenance treatment than 1 month after discontinuing timolol. This comparison demonstrates the efficacy of chronic treatment. Recovery of aqueous flow is slow after stopping timolol. This finding suggests that lower or less frequent doses than are customarily used might be equally efficacious. If timolol is discontinued before filtration surgery, its effects will remain for 2 to 4 weeks. PMID- 3211500 TI - Serotonin in human aqueous humor. AB - Circadian rhythms in serotonin metabolism have been observed in the pineal gland and retina, and there is evidence that the levels of serotonin and melatonin in these tissues may mediate events in the brain's sleep-wake cycle and the retina's cycle of disc shedding. Because the ciliary epithelium, which produces aqueous humor, has an embryonic origin similar to that of the retina and the pineal gland, the authors believe that serotonin metabolism might play an analogous role in the regulation of the diurnal cycle of aqueous secretion. As a first step in investigating this hypothesis, they measured serotonin concentrations in the aqueous humor of 34 cataract patients. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection, a mean serotonin concentration of 52 +/- 11 ng/ml was found. This high concentration implies that serotonin has one or more functions: (1) perhaps it acts as a neurotransmitter and precursor of melatonin; (2) conceivably it is related to aqueous humor dynamics; and (3) in particular, perhaps it affects the circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure. PMID- 3211502 TI - Acute primary ischemic iris atrophy. AB - Five patients are described with acute primary ischemic iris atrophy with almost complete loss of the normal radial vessels of the iris and fine microneovascularization. The atrophy of the iris was marked with a thin atrophic stroma, widely dilated pupil, and extensive loss of pigment from the posterior surface of the iris. The condition is of unknown etiology but occlusion of the greater vascular circle of the iris is possible. Iris angiography showed an almost total loss of the radial vessels of the iris with some patchy microneovascularization. In recent cases, the onset was acute and all patients had a raised intraocular pressure (IOP) except one who had already undergone a drainage operation. There was an accompanying low-grade uveitis or cyclitis in the chronic stage in all cases. The condition was unilateral and the posterior segment of the eye was normal so that good visual function was possible if the accompanying cataract and glaucoma were appropriately managed. PMID- 3211501 TI - Nerve fiber layer and optic disc fluorescein defects in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. AB - Photographs of the optic discs and fluorescein angiograms of 31 patients with open-angle glaucoma and 43 patients with ocular hypertension were evaluated for nerve fiber layer (NFL) defects and absolute fluorescein filling defects. All of the glaucomatous eyes showed both defects. Of the 43 ocular hypertensive eyes, in which both NFL and absolute fluorescein filling defects were evaluated, 9% had only NFL defects, 19% had only fluorescein filling defects, 14% had both defects, and 58% had neither defect. The percent area of fluorescein defect in the optic disc increased with severity of NFL defect in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. This study confirms the relationship of fluorescein filling defects and NFL defects to glaucomatous abnormalities and thus the association between vascular damage to the optic nerve and axon loss in glaucoma. The earliest objective evidence of glaucomatous damage can be detected with a combination of NFL evaluation and optic disc fluorescein angiography. PMID- 3211503 TI - Natural course of melanocytic tumors of the iris. AB - The authors received the charts and photographs of 175 patients who had suspicious melanocytic lesions of the iris and who were followed without treatment. Only eight (4.6%) of these lesions showed clinical evidence of enlargement during follow-up intervals of 1 to 12 years (mean, 4.7 years). Features that were associated with enlargement of the lesion included medial location of the mass on the iris and presence of pigment dispersion onto the adjacent iris and anterior chamber angle structures. Features that were unassociated with growth of the lesion included patient age and sex, intraocular pressure, iris color, tumor size and vascularity, and presence of pupillary distortion, ectropion iridis, and sector cataract. From these results, recommendations are made which can assist the ophthalmologist in the management of pigmented iris lesions. PMID- 3211504 TI - Bilateral epibulbar rheumatoid nodulosis. A new ocular entity. AB - A 61-year-old woman, whose rheumatoid arthritis had been quiescent for 9 years, developed a crop fo 16 painless bilateral episcleral rheumatoid nodules without any flareup of her joint disease. Biopsy of the lesions disclosed lymphocytic and plasmacytic infiltration within the conjunctiva, overlying palisading granulomas with elongated epithelioid histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, and central necrobiotic degeneration of the collagen of the episclera and superficial sclera. The rheumatologic designation for the development of groups of subcutaneous nodules in inactive rheumatoid arthritis is rheumatoid nodulosis. This report is the first description of this entity in the ocular adnexa. PMID- 3211506 TI - Increased mortality rates after cataract surgery. A statistical analysis. AB - One hundred ninety-three patients 50 to 89 years of age had cataract surgery between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 1980, at West Virginia University Medical Center, Morgantown. In comparison with 182 patients who elected one of three other surgical procedures, cataract surgery patients had a significantly higher mortality rate (P = 0.0005) than control group patients, according to life table analysis estimates adjusted for age and sex. Patients with adult onset diabetes mellitus had slight increased survival and did not alter relative mortality. The authors' results support the hypothesis that senile cataracts may reflect systemic factors in addition to localized ocular disease. PMID- 3211505 TI - Respiratory distress after a Nadbath block. AB - Dysphagia and respiratory distress developed in three patients after administration of a Nadbath block. This complication may have resulted from inadvertent paralysis of the vagus, ipsilateral glossopharyngeal, and spinal accessory nerves causing pooling of oropharyngeal secretions and laryngospasm. Respiratory distress after a Nadbath block may be managed by properly positioning the patient. Short hypodermic needles (less than 12 mm), small volumes of anesthetic solution (less than 3 ml), and omission of hyaluronidase may reduce the incidence of this complication. PMID- 3211507 TI - Radial keratotomy and PERK investigators. PMID- 3211508 TI - Photocoagulation of bridging or avulsed retinal vessels. PMID- 3211509 TI - [Morphological changes in aseptic osteonecrosis]. PMID- 3211510 TI - [Reconstruction of the femur by the Ilizarov method in the treatment of arthrosis deformans of the hip joint]. PMID- 3211511 TI - [Conservative treatment of aseptic necrosis of the femur head with curantyl]. PMID- 3211512 TI - [Characteristics of medical expert testimony with regard to work capacity of patients after total endoprosthesis of the hip joint]. PMID- 3211513 TI - [Wearing-away of the head of total endoprosthesis of the hip joint]. PMID- 3211514 TI - [Degeneration of the intervertebral disk]. PMID- 3211515 TI - [Epidurography in congenital developmental anomalies of the spine in children]. PMID- 3211516 TI - [Surgical treatment of scoliosis using the Rodnianskii-Gupalov corrector]. PMID- 3211518 TI - [Prevention of osteochondritis in folk medicine in the Ukraine]. PMID- 3211517 TI - [Symptom of "brisk walk" in the differential diagnosis of vertebrogenic syndromes (preliminary report)]. PMID- 3211519 TI - [A method of using infrared thermography in the diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine]. PMID- 3211520 TI - [Surgical treatment of Legg-Perthes disease in saddle-like deformity of the femur head]. PMID- 3211521 TI - [A method of contrast achillography]. PMID- 3211522 TI - [An instrument for skin retention in plastic surgery]. PMID- 3211523 TI - [A device for applying corsets and for reclination of compressed vertebrae]. PMID- 3211524 TI - [Stable osteosynthesis of the clavicle using compressing pins]. PMID- 3211525 TI - [Head holder for orthopedic support equipment]. PMID- 3211526 TI - [Comparative morphological study of various models of arthrosis deformans]. PMID- 3211527 TI - [Mass screening of patients with traumatological and orthopedic problems and the objectives of its development]. PMID- 3211529 TI - [Prerequisites of manual therapy in spinal diseases]. PMID- 3211528 TI - [The role of medical examinations in the mass screening and treatment of miners]. PMID- 3211530 TI - [Modeling of scoliosis in animal experiments and the concepts of its etiology and pathogenesis]. PMID- 3211531 TI - [Treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the femur]. PMID- 3211533 TI - [Therapeutic physical culture and isometric gymnastics in the complex rehabilitation of patients with diaphyseal fractures of the femur]. PMID- 3211532 TI - [Post-traumatic impairment of the growth of the proximal part of the femur]. PMID- 3211534 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the trochanteric fossa]. PMID- 3211535 TI - [Vascularization of the tibial diaphysis as affected by open and closed intramedullary osteosynthesis]. PMID- 3211537 TI - [Treatment of patients with fractures of the condyles of the knee joint using Ilizarov's apparatus]. PMID- 3211536 TI - [Study of bone formation and blood circulation using radionuclide methods in the treatment of fractures of the leg bones]. PMID- 3211538 TI - [The state of immunity in patients with hematogenous osteomyelitis of the spine and femur (comparative characteristics)]. PMID- 3211539 TI - [Suppurative sacroiliitis and its treatment]. PMID- 3211540 TI - [A syndrome of apophysotendopathy of the tuberosity of the tibia of dysplastic origin]. PMID- 3211541 TI - [Congenital diastasis of the tibiofibular joint]. PMID- 3211542 TI - [Anthropometric characteristics of the distal segments of the lower extremities in children of nursery school age with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 3211543 TI - [Detection and evaluation of the anterior transverse plantar arch using the author's method]. PMID- 3211544 TI - [Amputation of the leg in patients with gangrene of the extremities in chronic arterial insufficiency]. PMID- 3211545 TI - [Treatment of trochanteric fractures of the femur using the Seppo fixator]. PMID- 3211546 TI - [Treatment of injuries of the proximal part of the femur in children]. PMID- 3211547 TI - [A method of forming a supportive stump on the lower extremity]. PMID- 3211548 TI - [A method of treatment of chronic fracture-subluxations of the talocrural joint]. PMID- 3211550 TI - [A surgical chisel]. PMID- 3211549 TI - [A self-centering pin guide in the osteosynthesis of fragments of the femur neck]. PMID- 3211551 TI - [An instrument for the osteosynthesis of the internal malleolus]. PMID- 3211552 TI - [Congenital adduction of the foot in children]. PMID- 3211553 TI - Screening for glaucomatous visual field defects: the relationship between sensitivity, specificity and the number of test locations. AB - The visual field results from 104 eyes with early glaucomatous loss and 1860 normal eyes have been used to derive the relationship between sensitivity, specificity and the number of test locations in a visual field screening test. A logarithmic relationship was found between sensitivity and the number of test locations and a linear relationship between specificity and the number of test locations. The results indicate that large numbers of test locations are not required to reach high levels of sensitivity and that clinically it might be better to screen all patients with a few stimuli quickly than to examine carefully those patients who meet a precondition such as raised intraocular pressure or abnormal disc appearance. PMID- 3211554 TI - Test-retest reliability of the Arden Grating Test: inter-tester variability. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the Arden Grating Test (AGT), and to assess the extent to which any variance in AGT score on retest can be attributed to intra-subject and inter-tester differences. Twelve patients with various pathologies and whose contrast sensitivity covered a wide range were each tested twice by six testers. It was shown that variance attributable to testing by different clinicians accounted for approximately 25% of the total variance, and that the 95% confidence limits about any observed score were +/- 15 AGT units, which is about one quarter of the total dynamic range of the test. The large range of scores encompassed by the 95% confidence limits represents considerable unreliability, the consequence of which is a high misclassification rate, i.e. many false positives and false negatives, especially in the context of primary vision screening for which it was designed. PMID- 3211555 TI - Accommodative accuracy to harmonically related complex grating patterns and their components. AB - Monocular steady-state accommodation was measured to harmonically related complex grating patterns and their components to determine the contribution of the various spatial waveforms to accommodative accuracy. Accommodative accuracy was greater for those waveforms containing summed odd-harmonic spatial components than for those waveforms with specific spatial components either removed or isolated. The results suggest that the contrast gradient produced by the summed waveforms, rather than the presence of any particular subset of spatial frequency components per se, was a critical factor for accurate accommodation. PMID- 3211556 TI - Mean response and oscillations of accommodation for various stimulus vergences in relation to accommodation feedback control. AB - Mean responses and fluctuations of accommodation were recorded by means of a high sensitivity infra-red optometer over a large dioptric range (+3 to -9 D). We found that both the effective absolute amplitude and the 2 Hz relative activity of fluctuations of accommodation exhibit a maximum within the -1 to -4 D range of stimulus vergence for which the focus error (lag of accommodation) is minimal, whereas no activity is observed at the subject's near and far points. But the 2 Hz relative activity of accommodative fluctuations provides a better description of the control; this parameter was found to be positively correlated with the sensitivity of the accommodative system to defocus blur (input of the feedback loop), providing support for the active role of these fluctuations in the accommodative system. PMID- 3211557 TI - The effect of vergence adaptation on convergent accommodation. AB - This study investigates whether, during a sustained near-vision task, the convergent accommodation (CA) derived initially from the fast (reflex) vergence response is subsequently maintained by tonic (adaptive) vergence. CA was examined during the course of a 3 min near-vision task (viewing distance 33 cm) in 10 emmetropic subjects. Vergence was stimulated by the introduction of a 6 delta base-out prism before the right eye while the open-loop accommodative response of the left eye was measured at approximately 1 s intervals using an objective infra red optometer. In a control condition the subject viewed the target through a plano lens (0 delta). The accommodation loop was opened by the subject viewing near-type through 0.5 mm diameter pinholes. Pre- and post-task measurement of heterophoria was made using a Maddox rod and prism bar. Regression of post-task heterophoria to the pre-task value indicated that adaptation to the vergence stimulus had occurred. However, there was no significant reduction in induced CA during the task. As the onset of adaptation does not produce any fall in CA, it is concluded that both reflex and adaptive vergence act as a stimulus to CA. This finding is discussed with regard to models of accommodation-vergence interaction. PMID- 3211559 TI - The influence of contact lens wear on the corneal response to ultraviolet radiation. AB - One eye of each of 15 male pigmented rabbits was fitted with a gas-permeable rigid contact lens. Lenses were worn on a daily basis for an initial period of 7 days with the other eye serving as a control. After this initial period the lenses were removed and both eyes were irradiated with UV-B (305 nm +/- 9 full width half maximum) using either 0.03 J cm-2 or 0.12 J cm-2 which were approximately the epithelial and endothelial damage thresholds for this waveband respectively. The responses of the cornea were followed by microscopy and pachometry. Biomicroscopically there was a dramatic difference in response between contact lens wearing and non-wearing eyes for the higher radiant exposure, whereas little difference was observed at the lower level. For both levels of radiant exposure there was a significantly less corneal thickness increase in contact lens wearing eyes after UV-B irradiation. Recovery patterns were similar. PMID- 3211558 TI - The effect of mydriasis on the pupillary centration of the human eye. AB - The change in pupil centration occurring as the human eye pupil dilates, both naturally in darkness and following the use of a mydriatic drug (cyclopentolate HCl, 1%), has been measured photographically. In both cases, changes in centration of up to 0.4 mm have been found. Using available ocular wavefront aberration data, modulation transfer curves have been derived for two eyes for centration changes of 0.2 mm. The importance of these changes in the formation of the retinal image, and hence on visual performance, is discussed. PMID- 3211560 TI - Anomalous loss in blue-green wavelength discrimination with very brief monochromatic stimuli presented to the normal human eye. AB - The wavelength-discrimination curve of the normal human eye shows minima in discrimination thresholds at about 490 and 580 nm for viewing times of 1 s or longer. A reduction in viewing time was found to yield non-uniform increases in discrimination thresholds in the blue-green region of the spectrum, and these findings were quantified in objective, two-interval, forced-choice discrimination measurements. Monochromatic stimuli were presented foveally in a circular, horizontally oriented, bipartite field of 100 Td and angular subtense 2 degrees. When viewing time was decreased to 3 ms there was a sharp increase in discrimination threshold over 490-520 nm, maximizing near 500 nm. In this region, the fields appeared markedly desaturated. The loss in discrimination was distinct from that exhibited by tritanopes, and a control experiment showed that the effect was not attributable to the reduced energy of the short flash. PMID- 3211561 TI - The effect of a foveal scotoma on the visual lobe. AB - One-dimensional visual lobes representing the detectability of a small bright target on an unstructured background were measured at several contrast levels, both with and without an artificial foveal scotoma. The effect of the scotoma on the lobe is shown to be restricted to the area of the retina covered by the scotoma, and detection ability is unaffected outside this area. PMID- 3211562 TI - Schematic eyes for domestic animals. AB - Schematic and reduced eyes for the horse, cow, sheep, pig, cat, and dog were calculated from optical parameter values obtained from the literature. Calculations were performed with the aid of a computer program using standard Gaussian equations and a homogeneous lens model. Calculated schematic eyes had refractive states within 1.5 D of emmetropia; retinal image sizes ranged from 0.22 (cat and dog) to 0.44 (horse) mm/deg. The cat eye presented here is more nearly emmetropic than a previously published cat schematic eye. The effects of altering refractive indices, radii of curvature, and thicknesses of refractive components upon refractive state and retinal image size are examined. The largest differences resulted from changes made to refractive indices of the lens and vitreous and to the vitreous depth. PMID- 3211563 TI - Amplitude variability of the transient visual evoked response. AB - The amplitude repeatability of pattern reversal visual evoked response using a 5.5 and 40' arc check was investigated in twelve subjects with each subject recording ten 64 sweep runs. The variability by visual inspection or by analysis of variance suggests that a single run will provide a representative amplitude for a 40' arc check whereas the 5.5' check will require more runs merged together before the amplitude is stable. The larger spread of error encountered with the 40' arc check may point to a visual component contributing to more amplitude variability. The possibility of making some assessment of the level of noise present during recording is discussed. PMID- 3211564 TI - Effect of pupil size on dark focus accommodation. AB - A potential concern in some studies of dark focus accommodation is the role of pupil size (and related spherical aberration) in laser optometer measurements. Dark focus measurements were obtained for 25 young adult subjects while they viewed the laser speckle pattern through artificial pupils of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 mm diameter. Analysis showed no significant effect of pupil size on dark focus. It would appear that pupil size variations should not be a source of concern in laser optometer dark focus assessment. PMID- 3211566 TI - Varifocal spectacle lens surface power measurement. AB - An instrument is described for the assessment of varifocal lens surfaces based on a reflection technique. Results are also presented of measurements made on a series of lenses of the same design, illustrating some of the differences that exist between glass and plastics versions of the same lens. PMID- 3211565 TI - Light transmission through the human eyelid: in vivo measurement. AB - We describe an in vivo measurement technique for determining the transmission of light through the human eyelid and present data from three human subjects. The relevance of the transmission measurements are discussed in relation to (1) clinical electrophysiology and (2) the effects of light on the developing visual system. PMID- 3211567 TI - [Dynamics of the behavioral status of newborn infants]. PMID- 3211568 TI - [Still's syndrome in the adult. A status report from the internal medicine viewpoint]. PMID- 3211569 TI - [Cooperation between pediatric stomatology and pediatrics in the oral-preventive management of infants and preschool children]. PMID- 3211570 TI - [Dermatomyositis--a rare disease in children]. PMID- 3211571 TI - Quantum phenomena proposed as mechanism for radiographic corona structures associated with pulmonary masses. PMID- 3211572 TI - Hodgkin's disease. Results of treatment in early stages. PMID- 3211574 TI - Atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium. Natural history and correlability with carcinoma. PMID- 3211573 TI - Comparison among five glycaemic indices for evaluating metabolic control in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3211575 TI - 131-I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine for the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma. PMID- 3211577 TI - Effect of preoperative stress on serum immunoglobulin levels. PMID- 3211576 TI - Low serum cholesterol levels in neoplastic patients. PMID- 3211578 TI - Increased endometrial fibrinolytic activity as a cause of menometrorrhagia in women using IUD's. PMID- 3211579 TI - Elderly-animal friendship bonds. PMID- 3211580 TI - Neonatal transient hypothyroidism after excess iodide exposition by amniofetography. PMID- 3211581 TI - A case of Cushing's syndrome with prevailing mental manifestations. PMID- 3211583 TI - Election special! 75% off! PMID- 3211582 TI - Meniscectomy in the patient with AIDS. PMID- 3211584 TI - Understanding magnetic resonance imaging from a nursing perspective (continuing education credit). PMID- 3211586 TI - Moving toward collaborative practice on an orthopaedic unit: health care provider involvement in cost containment. PMID- 3211585 TI - Continuous meperidine infusion for postoperative pain. PMID- 3211587 TI - Medical device and laboratory product problem reporting for orthopaedic nurses. PMID- 3211588 TI - Conflict and coalition strengthen nursing as a profession. PMID- 3211590 TI - Identification of the components of glomerular immune deposits using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against components of glomerular immune deposits in experimental glomerulonephritis and idiopathic human glomerulonephritis. An accelerated model of chronic serum sickness in the rat using cationized human serum albumin was employed to obtain renal tissue with capillary loop and mesangial immune deposits. Mice were immunized with isolated rat glomeruli or a preparation of glomerular basement membrane and mouse spleen cells fused with myeloma cells. Anti-human serum albumin monoclonal antibodies were produced from all technically successful fusions irrespective of the size of the deposits in the immunizing tissue or whether whole glomeruli or glomerular basement membrane were used for immunization. Monoclonal antibodies were then produced following immunization with tissue from postmortem human kidneys with idiopathic membranous and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. Sixteen monoclonal antibodies, apparently reactive with glomerular immune deposits, were cloned; most of these were reactive with components of the complement system including a previously undescribed complement-related protein. These studies demonstrate that monoclonal antibody technology may be useful in determining the identity of antigen and non-antigen components of glomerular immune deposits. PMID- 3211589 TI - The behaviour of specific antibody classes in human hydatid disease. AB - The behaviour of IgE antibodies was investigated by the micro-ELISA method (IgE ELISA) in patients affected by hydatidosis or in patients who had already been operated on. The results were correlated with those obtained by IgG-ELISA, IgM ELISA, IgA-ELISA and IHA tests. In the preoperative phase the IgG-ELISA method proved to be as sensitive (80%) as the IHA test (78.5%); the IgE-ELISA method showed a good sensitivity (72.8%) with a positive rate for the IgE-ELISA/IHA of 92.7%. The IgM- and IgA-ELISA methods were of moderate sensitivity. The IgE-ELISA proved to be much more suitable than the other methods for postoperative control, since the persistence of positivity 4 years after surgery suggests the involvement of a relapse. PMID- 3211591 TI - Direct enzyme linked antiglobulin tests (ELAT) for detecting in-vivo sensitized erythrocytes: evaluation of screening for ABO incompatibility of newborn. AB - ABO incompatibility of the newborn is one instance where immune hemolysis may present with a negative direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and therefore a simple sensitive test for detecting sensitization would be useful in this clinical situation. To evaluate the usefulness of ELAT in detecting in-vivo sensitized red cells, 1608 maternal-baby pairs were screened for ABO incompatibility over a period of 10 mth. Of 251 ABO-incompatible babies, there were 49 (19.5%) with positive DAT, but an additional 67 (26.7%) were ELAT positive. These were eluate positive as well, indicating that the increased number with sensitized cells as shown by ELAT is due to detection of in-vivo sensitized cells. The positive predictive value for ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is 48%, which is two times that of DAT. Calculating the difference of the absorbance from baseline (delta OD) may give an indication of degree of sensitization which together with the maternal antibody titre would aid us in the estimation of antigen dosage on the baby's red cells and in the appraisal of the role of antigen dosage in HDN. PMID- 3211592 TI - Hemoglobinometry: evaluation of a new method with a stable primary standard. AB - Using purified chlorohemin as a stable standard, a newly described hemoglobinometry method was evaluated. All blood samples as well as chlorohemin gave identical absorption spectra in an alkaline-detergent solution with a broad peak at 575 nm. Both the reagent mixture and the chlorohemin standard were stable for at least 250 days when stored between 8 degrees C and 32 degrees C in brown glass bottles. The new method showed close correlation when compared to the cyanmethemoglobin technique. Compared to the cyanmethemoglobin method the advantages included a stable standard, shorter conversion time, reduced plasma background and improved hemoglobin ligands conversion. We conclude that the new method confers significant advantages over the cyanmethemoglobin method and in particular provides a stable primary standard with a long shelf-life. PMID- 3211593 TI - Lectin expression in neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the rectum. AB - The expression of six lectins (Arachis hypogaea, B. simplicifolia I, concanavalin A, Dolichus biflorus, Triticum vulgaris, Lotus tetragonolobus) was studied in 24 adenocarcinomas, 24 adenomas, 20 metaplastic polyps, 17 specimens of mucosal prolapse (solitary ulcer syndrome) and 10 of normal mucosa, all taken from the rectum. Qualitative, quantitative and distributive differences in lectin expression were observed between adenocarcinoma and normal mucosa. These cancer associated glycoprotein alterations were also observed, though to a lesser extent, in benign neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the rectum. It appears therefore that the glycoprotein modifications associated with malignant transformation are not specific indicators of malignancy. It is suggested that the common denominator is a disturbance in the activities of enzymes, particularly the glycosyl-transferases and glycosidases, involved in the biosynthesis of glycoprotein. This disturbance can occur in situations where cells are less differentiated either through developmental immaturity, rapid cellular division or neoplastic de-differentiation. These changes are therefore more likely to reflect the state of differentiation rather than the malignant nature of the cells. It is shown that the greater the deviation of the lesion from normal the greater the glycoprotein alterations. The potential usefulness of lectin expressions as predictive indicators of biological behaviour of adenocarcinomas of the large bowel needs further studies. PMID- 3211594 TI - Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of a primary aortic intimal sarcoma. AB - An intimal sarcoma of the abdominal aorta in a 63-year-old woman is reported. The clinical symptoms consisted of chronic arterial hypertension, vomiting and epigastric pain. Treatment was operative, but the patient died 20 hours after surgery. The studies were performed on a surgical specimen and on autopsy material. The aortic tumour consisted of pleomorphic spindle-shaped and giant cells. In the vertebral metastases a storiform pattern of the tumour cells was found. No specific features characteristic for leiomyogenic, lipogenic or an endothelial nature of the tumour giant cells was disclosed in electron microscopy and the picture rather indicated their histiocytic character. Of the 18 cellular markers studied, the immunostainings for vimentin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin were evidently positive. The tumour was classified as a pleomorphic intimal aortic sarcoma probably a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). The literature on 26 previously published aortal tumours is reviewed with emphasis on their topographical distribution and histological classification. In only 4 previous cases was the final diagnosis supported by electron microscopical or immunopathological findings. The role of marker studies in the classification of aortal tumours is discussed. PMID- 3211595 TI - Parosteal (periosteal) lipoma. AB - Parosteal (periosteal) lipoma is a rare tumour, comprising 0.3% of all lipomas. A parosteal lipoma of the mid humerus which presented in a female of 22 years was associated with changes in the adjacent bone. A review of the literature revealed only one previously reported similar case. The etiology, presenting symptoms, complications, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of parosteal lipoma are discussed. PMID- 3211596 TI - Complicating systemic amyloidosis in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, recessive type. AB - An autopsy case of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, recessive type, complicated by systemic secondary amyloidosis is described. The patient had developed multiple bullous lesions and erosions from birth, followed by repeated infection. At autopsy, chronic persistent inflammation was observed in the skin and in various visceral organs, accompanied by systemic amyloidosis. By the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method, amyloid deposits stained positively for anti-AA protein antiserum. In the present case, we concluded that the systemic amyloidosis was of the AA type, and developed secondarily to the chronic persistent inflammation in the prolonged course of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, recessive type. PMID- 3211597 TI - Acute hepatic failure precipitated in a patient with subclinical liver disease by vibrionic and clostridial septicemia. AB - A case of fatal septicemia caused by Vibrio vulnificus and Clostridium bifermentans in a patient with subclinical liver disease is described. The patient appeared to recover from the infection initially after antibiotic therapy but finally succumbed to rapidly developing hepatic failure. Postmortem examination revealed hemochromatosis. The pathogenesis of the polymicrobial septicemia and hepatic failure is discussed in the light of the published literature. PMID- 3211599 TI - Clostridium septicum infection in neutropenic enterocolitis. AB - A 36-year-old woman developed neutropenia following chemotherapy for inoperable carcinoma of the cervix. She suffered acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and peritonitis of rapid onset. The right hemicolon and 15 cm of terminal ileum were resected at laparotomy and this showed marked edema of the cecum and ileo-cecal valve associated with superficial ulceration of the valve. There was necrosis of submucosal tissues and the muscle wall which contained a large number of Gram positive bacilli. These showed positive membrane immunofluorescence with specific anti-Clostridium septicum antisera. We identify a case of enterocolitis due to Clostridium septicum infection. This is associated with neutropenia and is often fatal due to the rapid course of and failure to recognize the infection. PMID- 3211598 TI - A serendipitous isolate of Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - This is a report of an unexpected laboratory diagnosis of Histoplasma capsulatum. The fungus was isolated from an acute cellulitic lesion on the forearm of an elderly male patient with a functioning renal transplant. The patient resides within the environs of Brisbane and has not travelled outside Australia. We consider the isolation of H. capsulatum from a rare site in a patient resident in a non-endemic area indicative of a latent opportunistic infection in an immunocompromised patient. PMID- 3211601 TI - The Third George Swanson Christie memorial lecture. Connective tissue function and malfunction: a biomechanical perspective. PMID- 3211600 TI - Hepatic granuloma in a man from North America caused by a nymph of Linguatula serrata. AB - A calcified nodule on the liver of a 62-year-old man from North Carolina, USA, contained a degenerated nymph of Linguatula serrata. The nodule was incidentally discovered at laparotomy for malignant lymphoma and cholelithiasis. The cuticle was all that remained of the parasite, but sclerotized openings and large spines on the cuticle proved the parasite was L. serrata, a pentastomid arthropod. Anatomic location and size of the parasite indicated that it was consistent with the nymphal stage of L. serrata. This is the fifth confirmed infection of humans from North America by a pentastomid parasite. PMID- 3211602 TI - The child in a mist tent. PMID- 3211603 TI - Pediatric nurses' experience with nurse extender position. PMID- 3211604 TI - The effects of body position on transcutaneous oxygen tension. PMID- 3211605 TI - Effective nursing strategies for adolescents with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. PMID- 3211606 TI - Comparison of cardiorespiratory fitness tests for children. PMID- 3211607 TI - Ethical decision-making in critical care. Part 2: Strategies for nurse preparation. PMID- 3211609 TI - Nurse practitioners and collaborative interdisciplinary research roles in an HMO. PMID- 3211608 TI - Infliction of emotional distress. PMID- 3211610 TI - Relationship of parental attitudes and knowledge to treatment adherence in children with PKU. PMID- 3211611 TI - Febrile seizures. PMID- 3211612 TI - Pediatric management problems (dehydration and pyloric stenosis). PMID- 3211613 TI - Who reads the medical chart? PMID- 3211614 TI - Time management: a key to fulfilling job expectations. PMID- 3211615 TI - Study on preschool vision, hearing and developmental screening. PMID- 3211616 TI - Hepatic and muscular presentations of carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency: two distinct entities. AB - Human carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CTP) deficiency results in two different clinical variants, one with "hepatic" and one with "muscular" symptoms. We studied CPT activity and long-chain fatty acid oxidation in fibroblast cell lines from four patients, two from each group. Overall CPT activity was deficient in patients' fibroblasts with the hepatic presentation, as previously demonstrated in patients' fibroblasts with the muscular presentation. The hepatic patients' fibroblasts displayed a CPT1 deficiency which resulted in impaired long-chain fatty acid oxidation. In contrast, CPT1 activity and palmitate oxidation were normal in muscular patients' fibroblasts. In these latter patients, the mutation presumably involved CPT2 activity. These data suggest that CPT deficiency is due to at least two different mutations, resulting in two distinct patterns of clinical and biochemical abnormalities. PMID- 3211617 TI - Calcium increases in pulmonary alveolar fluid in lambs at birth. AB - Calcium concentration in fetal lung fluid in lambs is relatively low, about 1.0 mEq/liter, and its concentration in alveolar fluid in mature rabbits is about 3 mEq/liter. To see if the Ca++ concentration changes at birth, we measured alveolar Ca++ as soon as possible after delivery by cesarean section and the onset of ventilation in eight anesthetized lambs at 144 days gestation. Subpleural alveoli were punctured with Ca++ selective microelectrodes as soon as 4 min and as late as 220 min after the onset of mechanical ventilation. The [Ca++] was 1.2 +/- 0.2 mEq/liter (mean +/- SD, n = 8) in fetal lung fluid collected before ventilation. After about 25 min of ventilation, alveolar Ca++ was not different from that in term lambs 24 to 72 h old (3.3 +/- 0.6 mEq/liter, n = 8). The [Ca++] increased with a t1/2 of about 10 min. Thus, alveolar Ca++ assumes a mature character very rapidly after the start of breathing in term lambs. PMID- 3211618 TI - Hepatic metallothionein as a source of zinc and cysteine during the first year of life. AB - Metallothionein, a high cysteine-containing protein, can bind with both essential and nonessential metals and thus play an important role as a metal storage protein and also in the detoxification of toxic metals. Although in the human fetus, levels of trace minerals and metallothionein are very high, their postnatal changes are not well documented. The purpose of the present investigation, therefore, was to quantify the accumulation of metallothionein in premature and full-term infants during the first year of life and to identify factors affecting its accumulation. From 47 postmortem samples, it was determined that hepatic metallothionein levels were highest in newborn premature and full term infants falling to levels found in older children by 4.4 months of age. Hepatic zinc levels were also highest in the youngest infants, falling with increasing postnatal age. There was a significant positive correlation between zinc and metallothionein at all ages. However, there was a negative correlation between hepatic metallothionein levels and cystathionase activity. Hepatic copper and metallothionein levels were unrelated. The renal concentration of metallothionein, zinc, and copper were significantly lower than corresponding hepatic levels. The fall in hepatic levels of zinc and metallothionein during the first months of life correspond to a period of negative zinc balance and low endogenous cysteine production in the newborn. Thus metallothionein may play an important role as a storage depot for these two essential nutrients during this critical period of active growth. PMID- 3211619 TI - Calcium transport by plasma membranes of enterocytes during development: role of 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3. AB - Calcium transport across the intestinal enterocytes represents an entry process at the brush border membranes and an ATP-dependent exit process located at the basolateral membranes. Both processes exhibit developmental changes. The present studies were designed to define the role of vitamin D in calcium transport during maturation. Brush border and basolateral membranes from vitamin D-deficient suckling and adolescent rats were used to study calcium entry and exit. 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 administration enhanced calcium entry at the brush border membranes of suckling and adolescent rats. The increase in calcium uptake in both age groups was secondary to an increase in maximal transport capacity (Vmax) rather than in Km. In suckling rat brush border membranes, 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 treatment increased the Vmax from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.8 +/- 0.2 nmol/mg protein/7 s (p less than 0.01), whereas in adolescent rats, Vmax increased from 1.5 +/- 0.1 to 2.5 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg protein/7 s (p less than 0.01). Km values were not altered. Similarly, 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 administration enhanced ATP-dependent calcium exit at the basolateral membranes of both suckling and adolescent rats. Vmax of ATP-dependent calcium uptake by basolateral membranes of suckling rats increased from 0.5 +/- 0.05 to 0.81 +/- 0.06 nmol/mg protein/20 s (p less than 0.01) whereas in adolescent rats, Vmax increased from 0.3 +/- 0.03 to 0.6 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg protein/20 s (p less than 0.001). Km values were not altered. The current studies indicate that 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 stimulates calcium entry and exit across the enterocytes during maturation. PMID- 3211621 TI - Supplemental calories improve essential fatty acid deficiency in cystic fibrosis patients. AB - Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids was analyzed in malnourished cystic fibrosis patients undergoing 6 months of nutritional rehabilitation. There were three males and five females (mean age 15.1 yr); five patients had pancreatic insufficiency. Nutritional rehabilitation in seven of eight patients was accomplished by nocturnal nasogastric infusion of a high-carbohydrate semisynthetic diet, in addition to daily meals. One patient received high-energy food supplements as snacks in addition to regular meals. All patients were moderately to severely malnourished on entry to the study and showed significant improvement over the 6 months in (means +/- SE) energy intake (96 +/- 8.0 to 126 +/- 11% recommended daily allowance) and body composition (80 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4% ideal body weight). Daily intakes of linoleic acid were not significantly different before or during nutritional rehabilitation either as an absolute amount (383 +/- 45 to 557 +/- 124 mg/kg/day) or as a percentage of total calories (4.50 +/- 0.40 to 4.73 +/- 0.14%). In comparison to the controls, the relative percentage of plasma cholesterol ester fatty acids of the CF patients on entry into the study showed a marked decrease of linoleic acid (52.7 +/- 1.0 versus 42.3 +/- 2.7%) with elevated palmitoleic (2.34 +/- 0.2 versus 5.64 +/- 0.7%) and oleic (18.7 +/- 1.0 versus 25.2 +/- 1.4%) acids; a pattern consistent with essential fatty acid deficiency. However, this pattern is not truly characteristic of a pure linoleic acid deficiency as the metabolites of linoleic acid were not decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211620 TI - Carotid baroreceptors in fetal and newborn sheep. AB - The responses of single carotid baroreceptor afferents were determined in anaesthetized fetal lambs at 88-113 and 131-144 days gestation, and in newborn lambs 1-8 and 30-40 days old. The baroreceptors discharged in synchrony with the arterial pressure pulse and increased their discharge rate as pressure was raised by compression of the abdominal aorta. When step increases in pressure were applied to the vascularly isolated carotid sinus, baroreceptor discharge increased abruptly and then showed adaptation to a steady state level. Basal mean arterial pressure increased from 49.1 in the young fetuses to 87.5 mm Hg in the 30- to 40-day-old lambs without an accompanying increase in basal baroreceptor discharge expressed absolutely or as a function of maximum discharge for each unit. The slope of the steep portion of the stimulus-response curve decreased with gestational age from 7.89 +/- 1.57 (mean +/- SE) at 88-113 days gestation to 1.82 +/- 0.37% nerve activity.mm Hg-1 in the 30- to 49-day-old lambs. Dynamic and steady state response curves were determined using step increases in carotid sinus pressure in two fetal lambs of 135 days gestation and two lambs 8 days old. Both the dynamic and the steady state curves were less steep in the older lambs. We conclude that the sensitivity of the carotid baroreceptors is reset as arterial pressure increases throughout the last third of gestation and the first postnatal month. This resetting is seen as a shift to the right of the response curve and a decrease in its slope.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211622 TI - Diffuse alveolar damage in the evolution of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the baboon. AB - Pulmonary immaturity, oxygen exposure that elicits cellular damage by free radicals, and barotrauma induced by mechanical ventilation are implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In the adult counterpart of adult respiratory distress syndrome, diffuse alveolar damage characterizes a histopathological sequence of lung findings that can occur during the disease course. Although adult respiratory distress syndrome has many etiologies, elevated oxygen exposure is known to be a contributor to the ensuing lung injury. In bronchopulmonary dysplasia, oxygen exposure is thought to be a primary agent of injury. The evolution of the histopathological findings in the premature baboon model of hyaline membrane disease/bronchopulmonary dysplasia was investigated in this study and compared to that in oxygen-treated adult baboons with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Findings from lung specimens of 121 prematurely delivered baboons at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3-6, 7-11+ days after delivery document that the premature lung has a delayed and more blunted exudative response when compared to that of human and baboon adults. Saccular edema, not hyaline membranes, is the dominant histopathological finding in the exudative phase of diffuse alveolar damage and occurs later (7-11 days) in infant lungs when compared to comparably treated adult lungs in which maximal exudative changes are seen at 3-6 days. The reparative response in the premature baboon is characterized by saccular wall thickening and fibrosis, with less intramural organization of exudate in saccular/alveolar spaces when compared to adults. The airway changes in the premature are more severe than those seen in adult disease. These findings indicate that diffuse alveolar damage does occur in the immature lung albeit with differing characteristics when contrasted to comparably injured adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211624 TI - Adenine nucleotide catabolism in the human trophoblast early and late in gestation. AB - Trophoblastic cells were separated and cultured from human first trimester and term placentae for studies on energy metabolism. Changes in the catabolism of prelabeled adenine nucleotides and the adenylate energy charge (EC) were followed during energy deprivation. EC was 0.70 +/- 0.04 (mean +/- SD) in the first trimester and 0.65 +/- 0.08 in the term cells before experiments. Both during hypoxia (N2-atmosphere) and in the absence of glucose, ATP and EC were preserved for up to 8 h. 2-Deoxyglucose caused a fall in ATP to 12.1 +/- 5.0 and 14.8 +/- 7.4% of initial levels, and in EC to 0.46 +/- 0.04 and 0.42 +/- 0.05 in the first trimester and term cells, respectively. In first trimester cells, inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by rotenone in the absence of glucose resulted in a significantly slower reduction of ATP and EC than after deoxyglucose, whereas in term cells, the initial responses were similar. Of total adenine nucleotides degraded, 7.1-10.5% were released extracellularly as adenosine, when its deamination was inhibited. Human trophoblast appears to tolerate transient hypoxia or deprivation of exogenous glucose. Susceptibility to energy deprivation increases with gestational age. The main pathway for AMP-catabolism is deamination, but the trophoblast is able to produce adenosine during accelerated adenine nucleotide catabolism. PMID- 3211623 TI - Effects of antimicrobial agents used for therapy of CNS infections on dissociated brain cell cultures. AB - The prediction, measurement, and monitoring of neurologic toxicity of antibacterial agents is an exceedingly difficult matter. In this study we investigated if in vitro exposure of cultured brain cells to antibacterial drugs could predict neurotoxicity in man. Effects of antibiotics used for therapy of bacterial CNS infections on growth and differentiation in dissociated rat brain cell cultures were studied over 24 days in culture, the drugs being added from 10 to 17 days in culture, the main differentiation phase of rat CNS cells. Our results demonstrated a reversible inhibition of cerebral sulfate transferase activity (p less than 0.001 or less than 0.01) and to a lesser extent (p less than 0.001 or NS) of DNA synthesis in brain cell cultures by the highest concentrations studied of amikacin, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime which correspond to peak cerebrospinal fluid values attained by intraventricular therapy in patients. Accumulation of DNA reflects brain cell growth whereas cerebral sulfate transferase activity parallels brain cell differentiation. Our findings indicate that intraventricular therapy could be more toxic with amikacin, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime than with penicillin, chloramphenicol, or ceftriaxone. Thus, this brain cell culture model might become a supplement, complement, or even alternative technique for neurotoxicity assessment of antibiotics with proven or potential value for therapy of CNS infections. PMID- 3211625 TI - Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and serum growth-promoting activity during the first postnatal year in infants with intrauterine growth retardation. AB - Follow-up from birth to age 12 months was obtained in 21 infants born with intrauterine growth retardation. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 was measured by radioimmunoassay. The bioassayable growth-promoting activity of the serum was measured as the "thymidine activity" on lectin-activated lymphocytes at 5 days and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and was compared with control values. Depending on their length at age 12 months, the intrauterine growth retardation infants were divided into three groups: at or above the average (n = 8, group A), between the mean and -2 SD (n = 7, group B), or less than -2 SD (n = 6, group C). No differences in nutritional indexes or in head circumference were found between the three groups. Insulin-like growth factor 1 was significantly lower at age 5 days in intrauterine growth retardation than in control infants. It increased slowly in groups A and B to reach the control values at age 9 and 12 months. In group C it remained significantly subnormal at 1 yr of age. Thymidine activity was also significantly lower at age 5 days in intrauterine growth retardation compared with control infants. It increased sharply at age 1-3 months in groups A and B but remained significantly lower in group C up to 1 yr of age. Although individual values of insulin-like growth factor 1 and thymidine activity were closely correlated, the increase of length during the first postnatal year correlated significantly with the thymidine activity levels at 1 and 3 months but not with the insulin-like growth factor 1 levels at 1, 3, and 6 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211626 TI - Effects of biotin deficiency on plasma and tissue fatty acid composition: evidence for abnormalities in rats. AB - Abnormalities of fatty acid composition have been detected in the plasma of patients who developed frank biotin deficiency during parenteral nutrition. We sought to determine which abnormalities of fatty acid composition, if any, would be replicated in the biotin-deficient rat and to determine the relative temporal relationships of these abnormalities to biotin nutritional status. We measured fatty acid compositions of the phospholipids extracted from plasma, heart, and liver and assessed biotin nutritional status longitudinally in biotin-deficient and biotin-treated rats during progressive biotin deficiency. In the biotin deficient group, significant increases relative to the biotin-treated group were detected in all three tissues in the odd-chain fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0. In the biotin-deficient rats, significant increases in 18:2 omega 6 in liver and 18:3 omega 6 in plasma and liver and significant decreases in 22:5 omega 6 were detected in plasma and liver. The constellation of fatty acid abnormalities observed in the biotin-deficient rats was not identical to that observed in biotin-deficient patients, but abnormalities in composition of odd-chain fatty acids were detected in both human and rat and therefore are attributable to biotin deficiency per se. The abnormalities in fatty acid composition were already present by wk 4 on the egg white diet; the cutaneous findings appeared between wk 3 and 6. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that an abnormality in fatty acid metabolism may play a pathogenetic role in the cutaneous manifestations of biotin deficiency. PMID- 3211627 TI - European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, XXI annual meeting. Copenhagen, Denmark, 19-21 May 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3211628 TI - Anaerobic bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit: an eighteen-year experience. AB - A review of anaerobic bacteremia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit identified 29 episodes of clinically significant bacteremia occurring over the past 18 years. This experience suggested that certain clinical settings were associated with specific anaerobic infections. Although Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes were isolated with similar frequency, 8 of 12 infants bacteremic within the first 48 hours of life were infected with Gram-positive, penicillin G susceptible organisms whereas 11 of 17 infants older than 2 days were bacteremic with Gram-negative, penicillin G-resistant anaerobes. Eleven of 17 infants with anaerobic bacteremia associated with necrotizing enterocolitis were bacteremic with Gram-negative anaerobes. Five of 6 infants with anaerobic bacteremia associated with chorioamnionitis were bacteremic with Gram-positive anaerobes. These observations should be considered in making decisions regarding empiric therapy for the newborn at highest risk for anaerobic bacteremia. PMID- 3211630 TI - Plesiomonas shigelloides septicemia and meningitis in a newborn. PMID- 3211629 TI - Increased prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Kawasaki disease. AB - Atopic dermatitis is associated with immunoregulatory abnormalities similar to those observed in acute Kawasaki disease. We investigated whether the prevalence of atopic dermatitis is increased among children who acquire Kawasaki disease. In a case-control telephone survey 83 Kawasaki disease patients and 83 children with innocent heart murmurs were matched for age and time between clinic visit and interview. The interviewer was blinded to the hypothesis of the study. Nine (11%) Kawasaki disease patients but only one (1%) unaffected child had atopic dermatitis; the incidence of atopic dermatitis among children with Kawasaki disease was 9 times greater than that of controls (95% confidence limits, 1.6 to 49.4). Serum immunoglobulin E concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.02, Mann-Whitney) in 44 unselected Kawasaki disease patients (median, 22; range, less than or equal to 4 to 900 IU/ml) studied 6 to 12 months after onset than in 27 children of similar age (median, less than or equal to 4; range, less than or equal to 4 to 164 IU/ml). We observed that there is a strong association between atopic dermatitis and Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3211632 TI - Generalized suppurative lymphadenitis with typhoidal salmonellosis. PMID- 3211631 TI - Pulmonary clofazimine crystals in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. PMID- 3211634 TI - Problems of classification of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive pediatric patients. PMID- 3211633 TI - Bacteroides fragilis meningitis in a premature infant successfully treated with metronidazole. PMID- 3211635 TI - Facial nerve paralysis associated with Kawasaki syndrome. PMID- 3211637 TI - Pathogenesis of brain abscess caused by Citrobacter diversus or Enterobacter sakazakii. PMID- 3211636 TI - Acute focal bacterial nephritis: radiographic evaluation in children. PMID- 3211638 TI - [Effect of special physical exercises on the function of the cardiovascular system in 13- to 14-year-old schoolchildren with a hereditary predisposition to hypertension]. PMID- 3211639 TI - [The active observation of children with a history of toxic erythema]. PMID- 3211640 TI - [Aldolase and LDH activity in the cerebrospinal fluid in neuroleukemia in children]. PMID- 3211641 TI - [The formation of a biocenosis in premature and newborn infants]. PMID- 3211642 TI - [Characteristics of microbial colonization in newborn infants with perinatal pathology]. PMID- 3211643 TI - [Lymphocyte and thrombocyte dehydrogenase activity in the early neonatal period in newborn infants with intrauterine hypotrophy]. PMID- 3211645 TI - [Determination of the degree of risk in surgical intervention on newborn infants]. PMID- 3211644 TI - [Determination of the immune status of healthy newborns and of newborns in an at risk group]. PMID- 3211646 TI - [Clinical importance of a method for determining metabolites of mean molecular weight in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis in children]. PMID- 3211647 TI - [Hereditary hemochromatosis in childhood]. PMID- 3211648 TI - [Diagnosis of nonorganic neoplasms of the lesser pelvis in children]. PMID- 3211649 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of acute kidney failure in young children with acute intestinal infection]. PMID- 3211651 TI - [The WHO European Regional Bureau: the main trends in its activities]. PMID- 3211650 TI - [The use of antioxidants in the combined treatment of chronic gastroduodenitis in children]. PMID- 3211652 TI - [Work experience of a department in the rearing of the healthy child]. PMID- 3211653 TI - [Cases of heterozygous beta-thalassemia in children living in Moscow]. PMID- 3211654 TI - [Nonocclusive ischemia of the intestines in children]. PMID- 3211656 TI - [Experience in the use a carotene mixture in treating acute intestinal infection in young infants]. PMID- 3211655 TI - [Intravascular hemolysis as a consequence of the resorptive action of potassium permanganate]. PMID- 3211657 TI - You and the Nurse Practice Act. PMID- 3211658 TI - Quantification of the Muller-Lyer illusion using signal detection theory. AB - An experiment was done to investigate the use of signal-detection theory in quantifying the magnitude of the Muller-Lyer Illusion. The results showed a d' of 2.5 for the illusion. Some implications of this approach are discussed. PMID- 3211659 TI - Allocation of attention and physiological responsivity in the type A coronary prone individual. AB - Recent studies have suggested that persons exhibiting the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern allocate their attention to the environment differently than those not exhibiting the pattern. The present study was done to relate such differences in cognitive responding to cardiovascular changes during a dual-focus task. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored in Types A and B male college students while they performed a color/word conflict primary task and a reaction time secondary task. There were no differences in the behavioral performance of the Types A and B individuals. However, Types A and B subjects differed in mean heart rate, heart-rate variability, and phasic heart-rate pattern to the reaction time stimuli. The reaction-time paradigm appears a fruitful base from which to explore cognitive/physiological response relations for Type A and Type B individuals. PMID- 3211660 TI - Negative movement responses in Rorschachs of heroin users. PMID- 3211661 TI - Effect of protective eyewear on reaction time in the horizontal field of vision. AB - This study determined the effect of various models of protective eyewear on the reaction time in the horizontal field of vision. Five protective eye devices for racquet sports were selected based on design characteristics. Eyewear was presented to 64 subjects in a random order along with no eyewear. Each subject's reaction time was measured for the random presentation of the visual stimuli by releasing a depressed telegraphic key wired to a digital clock. Stimulus anticipation was controlled using an interval timer generating random time intervals. Significant differences were noted between lights, eyewear, and the interaction of lights by eyewear. No differences were found between dominant and nondominant sides or between trials. Reaction time was unaffected in the central portion of the horizontal field and affected with some of the eyewear in the peripheral portion. It was concluded that the configuration of the protective eyewear was a significant factor affecting reaction time in the horizontal field of vision. PMID- 3211662 TI - Variable-image videoconfrontation as a method of assessing body image: a technical report and comparison with similar techniques. AB - In this study a new modified videosystem, designed for measuring body-image, was evaluated alongside the major size-estimation measure, namely, the visual size estimation apparatus. The advantages afforded by a videosystem which allows independent adjustment of size and height/width proportions were highlighted, and its validity and reliability were examined, based on estimates made by obese, normal weight, and pregnant groups. PMID- 3211663 TI - Change at puberty in spatioperceptual strategy on the rod-and-frame test. AB - It is now possible to study spatioperceptual strategies on the rod-and-frame test with a new scoring method. The method is presented and used to analyze cross sectional data taken from a comprehensive 10-yr. cohort-sequential study of pubertal development of girls and boys. PMID- 3211665 TI - Loneliness, personality, and well-being in older widows. AB - Correlations between loneliness and desired control, psychological well-being, physical well-being, and affiliation were examined in a sample of 30 older widows. Findings supported associations between loneliness and personality characteristics related to social interaction and well-being. PMID- 3211664 TI - Training versus nontraining of mothers as home reading tutors. AB - The effectiveness of training mothers as home reading tutors was assessed using a sample of 42 mother-child pairs. The children were aged 8 to 9 yr. Analyses showed that the amount of time parents spent listening to a child read at home was positively related to both reading accuracy and comprehension scores. A short group-program training mothers as home reading tutors achieved the anticipated changes in mothers' behaviours: delayed intervention, increased use of meaning and contextual cues rather than direct word prompts, and greater use of praise. Children's reading accuracy was marginally improved and reading comprehension was significantly increased as a result of training the mothers as home reading tutors. PMID- 3211666 TI - Color preference of ICD-9 schizophrenics and normal controls. AB - Color preferences of 20 inpatients with ICD-9 diagnosis of schizophrenia were compared with those of 24 normal control subjects by means of the cards of the Luescher 8 Color Test. The only significant difference was found on the Luescher Anxiety Scale; however, this difference seems too weak for practical clinical use. PMID- 3211667 TI - Heart-rate response to water-immersion isolation as a function of spatial orientation. AB - The present study investigates the effect of spatial orientation of the body on heart rate during conditions of water-immersion sensory isolation. Two groups of three men and three women each were exposed to one of two isolation conditions. In one condition the subject was suspended in a buoyant but vertical attitude; in a second condition the subject was suspended in a buoyant but horizontal attitude. Heart-rate data were obtained continuously during each session. There was no significant difference in mean heart rate between the two conditions. The data were interpreted as providing support for the position that studies comparing recumbent subjects in air isolation with underwater subjects in a vertical suspension attitude are valid, at least for some measures, and are not an artifact of spatial bodily orientation. The possible importance of neutral buoyancy in accounting for the nonsignificant effect of body attitude on heart rate is discussed. PMID- 3211668 TI - Left-handedness and tongue-rolling ability. AB - 948 undergraduates at The Ohio State University were administered the 10-item Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and asked to indicate the extent to which they could turn up the sides of their tongues. Significantly fewer left-handers than right-handers (62.8% and 74.8%, respectively) reported being able to turn up either or both sides. Sex differences in tongue-rolling ability were also noted. Among the 403 men included in the final sample, 77.4% could roll their tongues, whereas only 69.7% of the 491 women could do so. PMID- 3211669 TI - Effects of telic dominance and metamotivational state on squash task performance. AB - Measures of telic dominance and metamotivational state were obtained from 40 volunteer males grouped on the basis of their playing ability, before and after the performance of squash tasks. Utilising a mixed-blocks design, which controlled for order of task, subjects were required to perform two squash tasks of differing difficulty. Significant differences between groups on performance were obtained, confirming the ability classification, but no significant differences in telic dominance were found. Significant increases in mood response in the telic direction were found on pre- and posttask scores. A significant decrease in discrepancy scores (preferred arousal minus felt arousal) obtained pre- and posttask was noted, together with a significant interaction between skill level and in arousal discrepancy pre- and posttask. In all cases trends were least for the most skilled group. PMID- 3211671 TI - An Hebrew language version of the Stroop test. AB - We present normative data from a Hebrew language version of the Stroop color-word test. In this sample of college-educated Israeli young adults, 18 women and 28 men with a mean age of 28.4 yr. completed a Hebrew language Stroop test. When compared with 1978 English language norms of Golden, Hebrew speakers were slower on color-word reading and color naming, similar on naming the color of incongruently colored names of colors, and showed less interference. Slowed color word reading and color-naming may reflect the two-syllable length of the Hebrew names for one-syllable length English language colors; reduced interference may reflect the exclusion of vowels in much Hebrew printing and subjects' ability to provide competing, nonconflicting words while naming the color of words in which the hue and the lexical content do not match. PMID- 3211670 TI - Response latency measurements to visual cognitive tasks by normal hearing and deaf subjects. AB - Visual cognitive differences between hearing (N = 16) and deaf (N = 32) high school and middle-school students were studied. Visual tasks were presented on a microcomputer and response latencies were collected. Significant differences were noted between the deaf and normal groups but not between total communication deaf and oral deaf students. These differences support the hypothesis that deaf students prefer a visual cognitive strategy. Implications for educating the deaf are discussed. PMID- 3211672 TI - BIP-Bender protocols of learning disabled and regular education students. AB - 20 learning disabled and 20 normal elementary school children took the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test twice, once under standard conditions and again using Background Interference Procedure paper. Based on Koppitz's scoring system, the disabled pupils did equally poorly on both modes but performed significantly worse than the normal children when given the standard Bender first. No other differences were found. Other scoring methods are suggested for investigation. PMID- 3211674 TI - A multivariable approach toward predicting dental motor skill performance. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential of a multivariable approach in predicting dental motor skill performance. Variables measuring cognitive knowledge, motor abilities, educational background, and family demographics were examined. Data were obtained from 33 first-year dental students. Scaling and root planing tests were administered to each student at the beginning and end of a 14-week preclinical periodontal course. Correlations were low and no variable significantly predicted pre- or posttest scaling and root planing performance. Results are discussed in terms of the problems associated with predicting motor performance. PMID- 3211673 TI - The Last-Weiss Rorschach Ego-Strength Scale as a prognostic measure for psychiatric outpatients. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that the Last and Weiss (1976) Rorschach Ego Strength Scale (sigma E) would predict outcome among a representative sample of never-hospitalized psychiatric outpatients. 78 patients were assessed with structured symptom, psychiatric history, and social data interviews at the time of initial clinic contact and at 2-yr. follow-up. Outcome measures included the Menninger Health-Sickness Scale, a multidimensional variable involving social and work functioning and recent symptom level, symptom measures, and an index of diagnostic severity. sigma E, controlled for number of responses, correlated significantly with Health-Sickness, neurotic symptoms, diagnostic severity, and psychotic symptomatology. Among the components of sigma E, M+, and FC+ had significant relationships or contributed to significant relations with outcome variables. Considered with an earlier study of inpatients, in which S+ sigma E component correlated inversely with outcome, this study suggested that sigma E components have differing prognostic significance, depending on adaptational level of the patient. PMID- 3211675 TI - Weber's law for the reproduction of temporal information. AB - The main purpose of this research was to determine the numeric values of Weber's fraction when subjects were required to estimate temporal durations of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 sec. under the method of reproduction. The results provided evidence in support of a constant coefficient of proximity for time estimation of approximately 14.5%. PMID- 3211676 TI - Comparison for aphasic and control subjects of eye movements hypothesized in neurolinguistic programming. AB - Neurolinguistic programming's hypothesized eye movements were measured independently using videotapes of 10 nonfluent aphasic and 10 control subjects matched for age and sex. Chi-squared analysis indicated that eye-position responses were significantly different for the groups. Although earlier research has not supported the hypothesized eye positions for normal subjects, the present findings support the contention that eye-position responses may differ between neurologically normal and aphasic individuals. PMID- 3211677 TI - Enhancement of visual perception under conditions of short-term exposure to sensory isolation: a comparison of procedures for altering vigilance. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine the pre- and posttest performance of subjects on a signal-detection task for the following three experimental conditions: sensory isolation, sensory alertness, and sensory relaxation. All subjects were assessed on 36 pretest and 36 posttest trials. Each block of 36 trials consisted of 12 "strong signals," 12 "weak signals," and 12 "no signals." Exposure durations for each experimental condition lasted for one hour. Analyses showed significant improvements in hits from the pretest trials to the posttest trials on the "strong" and "weak signals" for the sensory isolation condition. Moreover, on the posttest "weak signal" trials, subjects in the sensory isolation condition scored a significantly greater number of hits than did those in the sensory alertness or sensory relaxation conditions. It was concluded that sensory isolation produces perceptual enhancement, as measured by a signal-detection task. PMID- 3211678 TI - Rapid discrimination of Julesz's texton patterns in patients with cerebral lesions. AB - Rapid visual discrimination in patients with unilateral cerebral lesions was investigated using a search task. Both the exposure duration of search arrays and the difference in the texton content between the target pattern and the background patterns were varied. Patients could detect the targets with a large texton difference more rapidly than the targets with a small difference. PMID- 3211680 TI - Perception of a throwing action from point-light demonstrations. AB - 80 adults (40 men and 40 women) aged 18 to 25 yr. and 80 boys aged 14 to 15 yr. observed a throwing action presented in point-light form at a frontoparallel viewpoint either as a video film or computer simulation of the actor. The display consisted of the relative motion of the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints of the throwing arm. Subjects were asked to report what they observed. The action was recognised immediately by 68% of all subjects, and this value increased to 90% with one more viewing of the demonstration. Response was virtually the same for both types of display, and there were no differences between adults and children. The results were similar to those from other studies from which researchers have concluded that kinematic information alone is sufficient to permit perception of fundamental patterns of movement. PMID- 3211679 TI - Immediate memory spans in dementia. AB - Spatial span (Corsi's block-tapping test) and verbal spans for digits (Wechsler Digits Forward Test) and for words were measured in 30 normal subjects and in 51 demented patients, divided into two groups (mildly demented and severely demented) according to selective clinical and neuropsychological criteria. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among the three groups for spatial span. By contrast, controls' and mildly demented patients' performances on both verbal spans were not significantly different. These findings are discussed in the light of theory about working memory. PMID- 3211681 TI - Preliminary validation of a nurse-patient interaction tool. AB - This paper presents initial data on the development and validation of a Nurse Patient Interaction Tool. Factor analysis of this 44-item Likert-type scale yielded two major factors, Control vs Powerlessness and Agreement with Plan. These factors showed adequate reliability and utility in assessing responses of patients to varying styles of nurse-patient interchanges in a simulated health care setting. Further validation is necessary to explore its usefulness with various patient populations. PMID- 3211683 TI - Perceptual identification thresholds for 150 fragmented pictures from the Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set. AB - This paper reports perceptual identification thresholds for 150 pictures from the 1980 Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set. These pictures were fragmented and presented on the Apple Macintosh microcomputer in a picture-fragment completion task in which identification thresholds were obtained at three phases of learning: Train (initial presentation), New (initial presentation after training on a different set), and Old (repeated presentation of the Train set). Pictures were divided into five sets of two subsets of 15 pictures each, which served alternately as the Train and New sets. A total of 100 subjects participated in the task, with 10 subjects assigned to each subset. Individual thresholds for each picture at each phase of learning are presented, along with the fragmented pictures identified by 35% of the subjects across the Train and New learning phases. This set of fragmented pictures is provided for use in experiments in which a single level of fragmented image is presented for identification after a priming phase. Correlations between the Snodgrass and Vanderwart norms and identification thresholds at the three phases of learning are also reported. PMID- 3211682 TI - Lingual vibrotactile/auditory magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching: comparison of suprathreshold responses in men and women. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the response patterns of men and women to suprathreshold lingual-vibrotactile and auditory stimulation. The psychophysical methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching were used on a group of 10 men (M age = 19.6 yr.) and 10 women (M age = 20.2 yr.). Analysis showed that the men and women performed differently on the magnitude-estimation tasks and similarly on the cross-modal matching tasks. These results suggested that sex differences on suprathreshold psychophysical scaling may be related to the way men and women use numbers as opposed to possible differences in the perception of suprathreshold sensory stimuli by men and women. PMID- 3211684 TI - Perceived duration as a function of pitch. AB - It was demonstrated with 7 observers that the duration of a high frequency tone was perceived to be longer than the duration of a low frequency tone, even though the actual duration of the two tones was equal. PMID- 3211686 TI - Form discrimination: features or invariants? AB - Does form discrimination rely on feature analysis, as the indirect theory of perception supposes, or on affordances (behavioural meanings specified by invariant patterns), as direct theory states. Subjects were to indicate the position of a target in a perspective rendering of a plane, displayed for 100 msec. in a large screen projection. In one of the conditions the target disrupted the plane, in the other it did not. Although targets of the two conditions shared the same features, the disruptive targets were discriminated more often than the nondisruptive targets. This result supports the direct approach to perception which states that a perceiver discriminates behaviourally relevant patterns rather than geometrical properties. PMID- 3211685 TI - Japanese monkeys' cardiac responses to visual depth. AB - The present study examined the heart-rate changes which occurred in the visual depth situation of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Four animals were tested over the first four weeks of age in the visual pitfall designed as a modification of the visual cliff. The infant monkeys showed heart-rate reduction in the depth condition. This reduction was observed from the first week and became remarkable at the third week. There were no differences in heart-rate change between monocular and binocular vision. These findings suggest that the Japanese monkey can discriminate visual depth shortly after birth and that the heart-rate reduction depends upon the fear of visual depth, not upon the novelty of the situation. PMID- 3211687 TI - Effect of arousal on mathematics scores. PMID- 3211688 TI - Effects of parental styles on anxiety and type A behavior pattern. AB - The present study examined the effect of reported parental styles on 35 undergraduates' anxiety and the Type A behavior pattern. The modified version of Kelly and Goodwin's Parental Control-style Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey were administered. Analysis showed that the subjects who had autocratic parents exhibited more Type A behavior pattern as well as having higher scores on the anxiety scales than those who had either permissive or democratic parents. PMID- 3211689 TI - Objective measurement of pain in the wrist: analyses of basic factors for normative data and a case study. AB - A plate-pushing task was used to measure endogenous pain in the wrist from different loci. Practical application in rehabilitation seems reasonable. PMID- 3211690 TI - Effects of living in the up-down inverted visual world on apparent movement. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine whether a change of perceptual framework may affect the occurrence of apparent movement. Apparent movement was observed by one subject living over four days in the prismatically inverted visual world, because this situation was considered as the operation in which the subject was forced to change the perceptual framework to adapt himself to the novel environment. Apparent movement with two points was measured in vertical and horizontal configurations before wearing and after removing the prism as well as while wearing it. Analysis showed significant effects of prism-wearing on the occurrence of apparent movement in both vertical and horizontal configurations. Although further elaboration is required, an hypothesis was suggested from the viewpoint of the loss of visual position constancy. PMID- 3211691 TI - Effects of running and other activities on moods. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the moods and mood variations of runners to those of aerobic dancers, weight-lifters, and nonexercising controls. The subjects, 70 undergraduates, were participants in a jogging and conditioning, a weight training, an aerobic dance, or an introductory psychology class. A time series design was used in which all participants completed eight Profile of Mood State questionnaires over a 6-hr. period that centered on the time of the class. Four questionnaires were completed during the second week of classes and the other four about midsemester, approximately 6 wk. later. Runners had a significantly more positive mood profile than nonexercisers and a somewhat more positive one than weight-lifters, but those of runners and aerobic dancers were similar. Changes in moods across time in relation to activity and across semester suggest that exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, helps the regular participant not only to cope with stress but also to have a generally more positive feeling of well-being. PMID- 3211692 TI - Effect of educational kinesiology on static balance of learning disabled students. AB - Educational Kinesiology is a movement-based program designed to enhance academic performance and may also influence performance of motor skills. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Educational Kinesiology techniques of repatterning and/or integration movements affected static balance of 60 learning disabled students, ranging in age from 7 to 11 yr. Subjects were matched on age and sex and assigned to one of three groups: control, movement, or repatterned. Children in the repatterned group received a 10-min. individual session of combined arm and leg movements coordinated with eye-placements prior to the start of the 6-wk. program. Both treatment groups then participated in a movement program for 5 min. twice a day, 5 days a week for 6 wk. The control group received no exposure to these special techniques. Static balance was pretested and posttested in each group using the Modified Stork Stand test. A one-way analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between groups. A Scheffe post hoc test showed that the repatterned group improved more than the movement group, who in turn improved more than the control group. PMID- 3211693 TI - Lateral asymmetry and tactile sensitivity. AB - Weinstein found in 1963 that the left female breast is more sensitive to tactile stimulation than the right breast. Saling and Cooke in 1984 hypothesized that this asymmetry in breast sensitivity underlies the well-documented leftward bias in maternal cradling behaviour, which is independent of manual specialization. Our interest in the Saling and Cooke hypothesis led to an attempt to replicate Weinstein's 1963 study. His findings were not supported. Further, a review of the literature on the lateral distribution of cutaneous thresholds showed that there is little experimental support for the widely held belief that the left side of the body is uniformly more sensitive than the right. PMID- 3211694 TI - Prediction of fine motor skills of children having language and speech disorders. AB - Relationships between the fine motor skills and linguistic abilities of 37 developmentally delayed children, ages 5 to 9 yr., were studied using a battery of expressive and receptive language tests, a measure of fine motor performance, a dichotic listening test, and individual intelligence tests. While IQs and MAs were not related to fine motor skills, both expressive and receptive language test scores showed moderate to moderately high correlations, the highest single relationship being the Test for the Auditory Comprehension of Language. In concert with CAs, a dichotic right-ear test score, the Auditory Comprehension Test, predicted fine motor-skill indices substantially; R = .80. Strong relationships appear between linguistic and fine motor skills in an age group not previously investigated and at higher levels than reported in studies of infants and very young children. Dichotic results were abnormal in a majority of the children. PMID- 3211695 TI - Memories of labor and birth: reliability of post partum questionnaire reports. AB - The stability of reports of feelings during vaginal births was assessed in three studies. In Study I, post partum reports from 475 primiparous women who participated in a childbirth preparation program were compared to identify differences between reports completed from the day of the birth to more than six weeks after the birth. In Study II, the post partum reports of 46 primiparous and 95 multiparous women completed 1, 3, or 6 mo. after giving birth were compared. In Study III, test-retest reliabilities were calculated for post partum reports completed by 22 primiparous and 16 multiparous women during the 5th and 7th post partum weeks. In these studies, reports of pain during labor were stable. PMID- 3211696 TI - Haidinger's brushes phenomenon for control of eye-fixation in a laterality experiment. AB - Haidinger's brushes phenomenon, as a fixation point, was examined in an experiment on laterality. 9 subjects were asked to recognize a Japanese letter presented in a hemifield and to estimate the accuracy of eye-fixation. A central digit was presented for 500 msec. before a letter. The subjects had twofold control of eye movement in the condition in which the brushes were presented. Most were able to maintain eye fixation and/or to detect eye movement more easily in the condition in which the brushes were presented. Left visual-field dominance in letter recognition was observed in both conditions both when Haidinger's brushes were presented and when they were not. The phenomenon significantly decreased the mean percent correct letters recognized in both right and left visual fields. PMID- 3211697 TI - Effects of a success-oriented reading and motor program on self-concept of children referred for learning disability. PMID- 3211699 TI - A study of the metal complexation behaviour of some penicillins, cephalosporins and their derivatives. AB - The metal complexation behaviour of several beta-lactam antibiotics and derivatives is explained, based on the results of potentiometric titrations. The (organo)metal ions used were (organic derivatives of) transition elements and elements with a filled d-subshell. The emphatic class b (organo)metal ions Ag(I), Hg(II) and C6H5Hg(I) form the most stable complexes with the studied ligands: Hg(II) is the most suited ion. The alkaline degradation products and hydroxamic acid derivatives of penicillins and cephalosporins are very similar to penicillamine in their complexation behaviour. This emphasizes the dominant role of the thiol group as site of complexation. A scheme for stepwise complex formation with Hg(II) and Ag(I) is presented. The availability of the thiol group is used to explain small differences in complexation behaviour between penicillin derivatives on the one hand, and cephalosporin derivatives and penicillamine on the other. PMID- 3211698 TI - Psychological and physical variables as predictors of coping strategies. AB - 26 women and 17 men between the ages of 26 and 62 yr. of age and diagnosed as having chronic illnesses were administered four questionnaires to assess physical and psychological variables and coping strategies: the Sickness Impact Profile, the Time Reference Inventory, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control. The Jaloweic Coping Scale assessed coping strategies. Canonical correlation indicated a single-factor link (Wilks' lambda) between scores on the first 3 tests, and the subscales of the coping scale. A significant but small correlation of .31 between the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control subscale, Powerful Others, and the coping subscale of Emotion-focused strategies was observed, that with the subscale Chance and the coping subscale confrontive strategies was negative. A second canonical correlation deleting the Time Reference Inventory score of age extension and including the three Sickness Impact Profile subscales was significant and positive for the Composite score and the subscale Palliative of the Jaloweic Coping Scale. Such data suggest that individuals who have a locus of control orientation of Powerful Others respond to chronic illness with emotionally based behaviors. In addition, chronically ill individuals who are physically dysfunctional tend to respond with palliative coping strategies. PMID- 3211700 TI - The influence of ofloxacin and enoxacin on the metabolic pathways of theophylline in healthy volunteers. A pilot study. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline and its major metabolites were measured in two healthy volunteers, after the administration of theophylline alone and during co-medication with ofloxacin, 200 mg twice daily, or enoxacin, 200 mg twice daily. During enoxacin co-medication, elimination half-lives of theophylline increased from 8.7 h to 17.4 h and from 6.1 to 12.3 h, respectively. As the renal clearance of theophylline did not change, the decreased elimination of theophylline during enoxacin co-medication must result from a reduced metabolic clearance. Enoxacin co-medication caused a clearly decreased formation of the metabolites 1-methyluric acid and 3-methylxanthine, formed by N demethylation, whereas the C-8 oxidation of theophylline was less influenced compared to the blank. Enoxacin's interference with the theophylline disposition is predominantly based on the inhibition of the microsomal N-demethylation. Ofloxacin co-medication did not induce a change in the plasma parameters or renal excretion of theophylline and its metabolites. PMID- 3211701 TI - Screening of some essential oils for their activities on dermatophytes. AB - Fifty-three essential oils were tested against three frequently occurring dermatophytes (Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, T. rubrum) by means of an agar dilution technique. The oils were selected at random and not on the basis of a supposed activity. A number of oils showed interesting activities, expressed as maximum inhibitory dilution values, against the dermatophytes used. At the highest dilution tested (1:3,200, vol/vol), one out of six oils was active against T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, and one out of three to four oils was active against the other dermatophytes. PMID- 3211702 TI - Pharmacokinetics of three-dose cefoxitin prophylaxis in caesarean section. AB - A pharmacokinetic analysis of cefoxitin in women undergoing caesarean section under general anaesthesia, was performed. In order to prevent infections postoperatively three doses of cefoxitin--2, 1 and 1 g, respectively--were given as a 3-min intravenous infusion at 6-h intervals. In vitro growth of most pathogens is inhibited at a cefoxitin concentration of 16 micrograms/ml. In the sera of the patients, this antibiotic level was maintained for a period of 90-100 min after the first administration (2 g) and 45-50 min after the second and the third administration of cefoxitin (1 g). The period of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations lasted 270 and 315 min, respectively. How can one reach prolonged antibiotic coverage? In order to minimize antibiotic pressure on hospital flora it is advisable not to increase the total amount of antibiotic (4 g) administered. By starting a 310 mg/h infusion after the initial 2 g bolus injection, the serum concentration of cefoxitin can be maintained at a minimum level of 16 micrograms/ml during a period of 6.5 h. The improvement of antibiotic administration suggested requires further clinical testing. PMID- 3211704 TI - Serum albumin binding of some benzodiazepines. Practical implications for the relation between free serum and saliva concentrations. PMID- 3211703 TI - Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of articainic acid in one volunteer after intravenous administration. AB - Articainic acid, a major metabolite of articaine, was administered to a volunteer. Since the renewed interest in the utilization of articaine in epidural anaesthesia, it has been important to assess the clinical effects of this metabolite. It was noted that articainic acid had no effect on EEG, ECG, blood pressure and heart rate. Pharmacokinetic parameters are given. PMID- 3211705 TI - Liposomes as delivery system for doxorubicin in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3211706 TI - Clinical pharmacology meeting. Utrecht (The Netherlands), 7 October 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3211707 TI - Medicinal chemistry meeting. Weesp (The Netherlands), 16 December 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3211708 TI - Dutch Physiological Society and Belgian Society for Fundamental and Clinical Physiology. (Joint meeting). 10 June, 1988, Leuven, Belgium. Abstracts. PMID- 3211709 TI - Osmotic work across inner medullary collecting duct accomplished by difference in reflection coefficients for urea and NaCl. AB - To demonstrate that osmotic work can be accomplished across the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) by the difference in reflection coefficients for urea and NaCl, phenomenological coefficients for urea and NaCl transport were determined in isolated segments of the hamster IMCD perfused in vitro. Arginine vasopressin at 100 microU/ml increased urea permeability from 11.5 +/- 2.9 to 31.7 +/- 4.2 x 10(-7) cm2 s-1 in the middle IMCD but not in the upper IMCD. Urea transport in the middle IMCD consisted of two components, transport with saturable kinetics and simple passive diffusion. Permeability to Na+ was very low (2 x 10(-7) cm2 s 1). Reflection coefficients as measured by the equiosmolality method, with raffinose being a reference solute, were 0.87 +/- 0.05 and 0.71 +/- 0.04 for urea and 1.03 +/- 0.07 and 0.91 +/- 0.04 for NaCl in the upper and the middle IMCD, respectively. Reflection coefficient for urea in the middle IMCD was 0.68 when determined by the zero volume flux method. When the middle IMCD was perfused with bicarbonate Krebs-Ringer (BKR) solution containing 200 mmol/l urea, the replacement of urea in the bathing fluid with equisomolal NaCl caused large volume flux (3.81 +/- 0.45 nl mm-1 min-1) associated with dilatation of intercellular space. The existence of vasopressin in the bath was essential for this phenomenon. This effect was inhibited by 5 x 10(-4) M phloretin in the bath, suggesting that the vasoressin-stimulated urea transport is responsible for this phenomenon. From these observations, we conclude that transport parameters of the middle IMCD are appropriate for accomplishment of osmotic work across this segment in the absence of physicochemical osmotic gradients. PMID- 3211710 TI - Effects of procaine on intracellular pH and its regulation: measurements with pH selective micro-electrodes in Retzius neurones of the leech. AB - The experiments were performed with double-barelled micro-electrodes in Retzius neurones of the leech in order to see if the tertiary amine local anesthetic procaine affects intracellular pH (pHi) and its regulation. Lasting about 20 min, exposures to procaine (3 mM) saline caused an intracellular alkalosis of about 0.2 pH units which gradually degradated; its removal initiated a fast decrease of pHi resulting in an acidosis, fron which the cells recovered. Detailed studies, involving CO2 or NH4+ acid loaded cells as well as inhibition of the pHi regulating exchange mechanism by various drugs or exposures to Na-free salines suggest, that neither the Na+ -H+, nor a probably Na+ -dependent HCO3-(-)Cl- exchange are affected by procaine. We propose a model for procaine action on pHi assuming that neutral procaine passes the membrane easily through lipophilic pathways. The degradation of alkalinity during procaine exposure hints on an entry of loaded procaine, some possible transport paths of which are discussed. PMID- 3211711 TI - Insulin receptors along the rat nephron: [125I] insulin binding in microdissected glomeruli and tubules. AB - Binding of [125I] Tyr A14 human insulin ([125I] insulin) was measured at 4 degrees C in glomeruli and pieces of tubule microdissected from collagenase treated rat kidneys. For glomeruli and all segments tested, total and non specific binding increased linearly with glomeruli number or tubular length. When determined with 4.0 nM labelled hormone, the distribution of specific binding sites (expressed as 10(-18) mol [125I] insulin bound per glomerulus or mm tubule length) was as follows: glomerulus, 2.5 +/- 0.3; proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), 12.6 +/- 0.6; pars recta (PR), 4.0 +/- 2.6; thin descending limb (TDL), 0.6 +/- 0.2; thin ascending limb (TAL), 0.6 +/- 0.2; medullary thick ascending limb (MAL), 0.8 +/- 0.1; cortical ascending limb (CAL), 2.1 +/- 0.1; distal convoluted tubule (DCT), 5.6 +/- 1.1; cortical collecting tubule (CCT), 3.2 +/- 0.3 and outer medullary collecting tubule (MCT), 2.3 +/- 0.1. Specific [125I] insulin binding to glomeruli and tubule segments was time and dose-dependent, saturable, reversible after elimination of free labelled ligand, and inhibited by unlabelled human insulin. When analysed in Scatchard and Hill coordinates, the binding data revealed a negative cooperation in the interaction processes between [125I] insulin and glomerular and tubular binding sites, with apparent dissociation constants and Hill coefficients of the following values: glomerulus, 0.6 nM and 0.60; PCT, 10.0 nM and 0.55; MAL, 4.3 nM and 0.80; CAL, 2.0 nM and 0.74; CCT, 7.6 nM and 0.80 and MCT, 1.0 nM and 0.57 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211713 TI - Myosin composition and functional properties of smooth muscle from the uterus of pregnant and non-pregnant rats. AB - The myosin heavy chain stoichiometry and the force-velocity relation have been determined in the myometrium of the non-pregnant and pregnant rat. The relative proportions of the slower migrating heavy chain (MHC1) greatly exceeded that of the faster migrating heavy chain (MHC2) as shown by electrophoresis on SDS 4% polyacrylamide gels. The ratios of MHC1/MHC2 were 2.2/1 in the non-pregnant rats, 2.6/1 in the pregnant rat, and contrasted with 0.8/1 in the rat portal vein. This stoichiometry was unchanged by extracting the myosin from the smooth muscle as native myosin in a salt extract, as dissociated myosin using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) or by isolating the native myosin first by a non-dissociating (pyrophosphate) electrophoresis step and subsequently analysing the protein bands on the SDS 4%-polyacrylamide gel. Although the unequal proportions of the heavy chains suggested the possibility that the native myosin molecule may be arranged as homodimeric heavy chains, no evidence for or against the existence of native myosin isoforms could be obtained by electrophoresing native myosin extracts on pyrophosphate-polyacrylamide gels. The force-velocity relations of the intact electrically stimulated myometrium from the non-pregnant and pregnant rats gave isometric force of 45 and 135 mN/mm2 and Vmax of 0.71 and 0.52 lengths/s (37 degrees C) when measured at 95% of optimal length, whereas in chemically skinned uterine strips at 22 degrees C Vmax was 0.09 and 0.13 lengths/s, respectively. The length-force relationship was of similar shape in the non-gravid and gravid skinned tissues. The energetic tension cost (ATP-turnover/active stress) in skinned fibres was also similar. The mechanical and metabolic characteristics of the gravid and non-gravid uterus found in the present study do not suggest an obvious difference in the intrinsic properties of the myosin, although significant functional alterations in the tissue appear during pregnancy. This corresponds to the lack of a difference in the pattern of the heavy chains. PMID- 3211714 TI - Deformation of the dog aortic valve ring during the cardiac cycle. AB - Changes in strain in the line of aortic valve leaflet attachment (aortic ring) were measured during the cardiac cycle by means of an inductive technique. To that purpose coils were sutured to each commissure and base point of the aortic ring, when the animals were on a cardiopulmonary bypass. After bypass and stabilization of the hemodynamic variables changes in the aortic strain were measured at aortic pressures ranging from 4 to 20 kPa. Aortic pressure at the level of the commissure points and left ventricular pressure were measured to assess transvalvular pressure. Commissure strain appeared to depend on aortic and transvalvular pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. At an aortic pressure of 10 kPa (75 mm Hg), the derivative of commissure strain to aortic pressure was found to be 1.9 x 10(-5) +/- 1.2 x 10(-5) Pa-1 (mean +/- SD). During the ventricular ejection phase commissure strain was 0.04 +/- 0.03 higher than during ventricular filling. Maximum variations in basal strain during the cardiac cycle ranged from 0.03 to 0.15. During the ejection phase the basal segments adjoining the myocardium shortened whereas the segment close to the non-contracting anterior mitral valve leaflet lengthened. Strain between a base and a commissure point of the aortic ring were synchronous with the cardiac cycle, but no specific pattern could be found. PMID- 3211712 TI - Mediation by adenosine of bradycardia in rat heart during graded global ischaemia. AB - The role of adenosine as a mediator of the bradycardia associated with graded global ischaemia in rat heart was examined. Hearts were perfused at 37 degrees C in the isovolumic mode with Krebs-bicarbonate medium at 12.0 ml/min/g. After equilibration, the coronary flow was reduced to 0.5, 2.5, or 5.0 ml/min/g for 20 min. Effluent was collected and assayed for adenosine and inosine by HPLC. Heart rate was measured and bipolar electrograms were obtained in severely ischaemic hearts. Basal adenosine release was 124 +/- 15 pmol/min/g. Adenosine release increased by approximately 50% in hearts perfused at 5.0 ml/min/g. In hearts perfused at 2.5 and 0.5 ml/min/g, adenosine release increased by approximately 1300 and 2300% respectively. The pattern of adenosine release at 0.5 and 2.5 ml/min/g was phasic, with adenosine release rate increasing to a maximum after about 10 min then dropping to values slightly higher than initial values. Ischaemia produced significant bradycardia and first degree AV block. Adenosine antagonism with 5 micron 8-phenyltheophylline blocked up to 25% of this bradycardia and significantly reduced the conduction delay. Adenosine release rate correlated closely with that component of heart rate slowing which was inhibited by 8-phenyltheophylline. It is concluded that adenosine released during graded global ischaemia mediates up to a quarter of the associated bradycardia. The effect of adenosine is phasic. Adenosine acts primarily to depress the sinus pacemaker. First degree AV block also occurs. These effects were only apparent at coronary flow rates below 5.0 ml/min/g. PMID- 3211716 TI - The effect of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on smooth muscle mechanical properties. AB - 2,3-Butanedione monoxime (BDM) has been reported to selectively block crossbridge interaction in skeletal and cardiac muscle and BDM has been shown to cause a dose dependent decrease in smooth muscle maximum tension development (Po). With the relatively recent descriptions of at least two functionally different types of crossbridges (those recruited early in contraction and then fairly rapidly- within 30% of the muscles' contraction time--replaced by very slowly-cycling or "latch" crossbridges), it became important to know whether BDM is a specific inhibitor of one type of crossbridge or the other. In this study it was shown that 7.5 mM BDM had an even greater affect on maximum shortening ability (delta Lmax) having decreased the tracheal smooth muscle delta Lmax by 47%. BDM treatment did not alter "transition time (tT; defined arbitrarily as the time in contraction at which a functionally significant number of slowly-cycling bridges have replaced rapidly-cycling bridges)" in tracheal smooth muscle. Velocity of shortening early in contraction i.e. prior to tT, was decreased by 48%, while velocity late in contraction i.e. post tT, was not decreased with BDM treatment. BDM caused a decrease in maximum load bearing capacity, or maximum force potential (MFP), at all times in contracting tracheal smooth muscle. This investigation supports the suggestion that BDM inhibits crossbridge cycling rate in smooth muscle. In particular BDM appears to specifically inhibit rapidly cycling crossbridges or their control as it has no apparent affect on cycling rate of very slowly-cycling or "latch" crossbridges in tracheal smooth muscle. PMID- 3211715 TI - Desensitization of the bradykinin-induced rise in intracellular free calcium in cultured endothelial cells. AB - We studied the cellular mechanism involved in the desensitization of cultured endothelial cells to bradykinin. Bradykinin (10 nmol/l) evoked a rise in the intracellular free calcium concentration [( Cai2+]), measured with the fluorescent probe indo-1, from 137 +/- 30 (+/- SEM) to 623 +/- 101 nmol/l. Cells were desensitized to bradykinin by repetitive stimulation with the peptide over 10 min, after which they no longer responded to bradykinin. However, purinergic stimulation with ATP (10 mumol/l) elicited the same increase in [Cai2+] in endothelial cells desensitized to bradykinin as in cells never exposed to bradykinin. The initial peak of [Cai2+] after stimulation with bradykinin or ATP was not affected by removal of extracellular calcium ions, indicating mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Since GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) are probably involved in the receptor-mediated stimulation of endothelial cells, we also tested the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF), a reported direct stimulator of G-proteins, on endothelial [Cai2+]. NaF (5 mmol/l) increased [Cai2+] to 412 +/- 88 nmol/l in control cells and was equally effective in cells desensitized to bradykinin. We conclude that the homologous desensitization to bradykinin does not occur at the level of intracellular signal transduction but at the level of membrane receptors. PMID- 3211717 TI - Age-related changes in power output during repetitive contractions of rat medial gastrocnemius muscle. AB - Changes in isometric force, power output and relaxation rate have been measured during repetitive tetanic contractions in 2 groups of rats of different ages. During the first 5 contractions there were no differences between a young and mature group. In contrast to isometric force production, which decreased about 3% per contraction, power output initially increased to 108% of the power output in the first contraction. A greater reduction in power output and relaxation rate after the 5th contraction indicated a greater reduction of the cross-bridge cycling rate in the younger rats. ATP, phosphocreatine and lactate concentrations after the last contraction were not different between the age-groups. In contrast IMP production, which has been suggested may play a regulatory role during fatigue was twice as high in the young rats. Judged by isometric force production there is no age-related difference in fatiguability. However, profound differences were observed in power output, which indicates that quantification of fatigue as a loss of isometric force may be seriously misleading when considering the functional status of the muscle for normal dynamic contractions. PMID- 3211718 TI - Nursing: prescription for caring. President's report. PMID- 3211719 TI - Cocaine abuse threatens pregnancy and newborns. PMID- 3211720 TI - Impaired nurses need peer support. PMID- 3211721 TI - Blueprints for partnership--shaping competency development: high tech versus high touch. PMID- 3211722 TI - Changing student interests and attitudes: preaching versus teaching. PMID- 3211723 TI - Competency development: high tech versus high touch. PMID- 3211724 TI - Faculty and professional staff development--security versus change. PMID- 3211725 TI - Nonprofessional staff development: carrots. PMID- 3211726 TI - Nonprofessional staff development: carrots. PMID- 3211727 TI - The nursing home role: present realities, future responsibilities. PMID- 3211728 TI - Clinical learning environment: realities versus creativity. PMID- 3211729 TI - Partnerships between nursing and nursing home residents. PMID- 3211730 TI - Faculty, student, caregiver attitudes toward the aged. PMID- 3211731 TI - National Commission on Nursing Implementation Project: models for the future of nursing. PMID- 3211732 TI - Issues involved in phasing out an associate degree nursing program and phasing in a baccalaureate nursing program. PMID- 3211733 TI - The transformation from a diploma to a generic bachelor of science in nursing program. PMID- 3211734 TI - The retirement community as a care alternative for the elderly. PMID- 3211735 TI - Implementation of programs to escalate accountability. PMID- 3211737 TI - A place for the homeless to call home: the Pine Street Inn. PMID- 3211736 TI - The freestanding birth center as a model for alternative maternity care. PMID- 3211738 TI - Community caring: the Ramsey County Public Health Nursing Service. PMID- 3211739 TI - Community care for the frail elderly--innovative nursing roles. PMID- 3211740 TI - The care model as an influence on public policy: a study of very low birth weight infants. PMID- 3211741 TI - A dental report that gives something to smile about. PMID- 3211742 TI - Sequence-specific recognition of the major groove of DNA by oligodeoxynucleotides via triple helix formation. Footprinting studies. AB - Homopyrimidine oligodeoxynucleotides recognize the major groove of the DNA double helix at homopurine.homopyrimidine sequences by forming local triple helices. The oligonucleotide is bound parallel to the homopurine strand of the duplex. This binding can be revealed by a footprinting technique using copper-phenanthroline as a cleaving reagent. Oligonucleotide binding in the major groove prevents cleavage by copper-phenanthroline. The cleavage patterns on opposite strands of the duplex at the boundaries of the triple helix are asymmetric. They are shifted to the 3'-side, indicating that the copper-phenanthroline chelate binds in the minor groove of the duplex structure. Binding of the chelate at the junction between the triple and the double helix is not perturbed on the 5'-side of the bound homopyrimidine oligonucleotide. In contrast, a strong enhancement of cleavage is observed on the purine-containing strand at the triplex-duplex junction on the 3'-side of the homopyrimidine oligonucleotide. PMID- 3211743 TI - The rat albumin gene promoter is appropriately regulated in transient but not in stable transfections. AB - The tissue-specific expression of the liver-specific rat albumin gene promoter was examined after transfer to various hepatic and non-hepatic cell lines. A 402 base pair sequence from the albumin gene 5' flank enabled a fused reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene to be expressed in rat hepatoma cell lines but not in fibroblast lines or dedifferentiated hepatoma cells. However, when this same construct was analyzed in permanently transfected cell populations, it was expressed equally well in differentiated and dedifferentiated hepatoma cells and in two of three fibroblast lines tested. The inappropriate expression of the albumin promoter was also seen using the HSV tk gene and the E. coli gpt gene as reporters, and when assayed by colony formation in HAT medium (tk gene) or by S1 protection of transcripts in cotransfected populations (tk and gpt genes). These results show that gene regulatory elements can behave differently in transient vs. stable transfections, and suggest that chromosomal integration can provide long range positive influences on gene expression. PMID- 3211744 TI - Introduction of an intervening sequence into a human serine suppressor tRNA gene: effects on gene expression in vitro and in vivo. AB - The 13 nucleotide Xenopus laevis tyrosine tRNA gene intervening sequence was into a human serine suppressor tRNA gene which lacked an intron, by site-directed mutagenesis. Analysis of the products of in vitro transcription in a HeLa cell extract indicates that the intervening sequence is accurately removed to generate a mature sized RNA identical to that obtained from an intron-less gene. Analysis of the transcripts obtained in vitro and in vivo shows that the U in the CUA anticodon sequence is partially modified to psi. Total TRNA isolated from cells infected with recombinant SV40 viruses carrying the mutant tRNA genes is active in suppression of UAG codons in a reticulocyte cell-free system. Cotransfection of COS cells with the mutant tRNA genes and a mutant chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene containing the termination codon UAG demonstrated that the tRNA functions as a UAG suppressor in vivo. Analysis of 32P-labeled RNA obtained from infected cells showed, however, that cells infected with the intron containing gene accumulate less mature tRNA than cells infected with the intron less tRNA genes. PMID- 3211745 TI - Regulation of thymidine kinase protein levels during myogenic withdrawal from the cell cycle is independent of mRNA regulation. AB - Replication-dependent changes in levels of enzymes involved in DNA precursor biosynthesis are accompanied frequently by changes in levels of cognate mRNA. We tested the common assumption that changes in mRNA levels are responsible for growth-dependent expression of these enzymes using a line of mouse muscle cells that irreversibly withdraws from the cell cycle as part of its terminal differentiation program. Thymidine kinase (TK) mRNA, activity, and protein levels were quantitated in cells transformed with multiple copies of the chicken TK gene. The decline in TK mRNA (both whole cell and cytoplasmic) during myogenesis was poor (2-fold average) and variable (1.2 to 8-fold). In contrast, TK activity always was regulated efficiently (20-fold), even in cells which regulated TK mRNA very poorly. Thus, regulation of TK activity was independent of TK mRNA regulation as myoblasts withdrew from the cell cycle. A TK/beta-galactosidase fusion protein was used to derive an antibody against chicken TK. Immunoblot and immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated TK protein levels, like TK activity levels, declined to a greater extent than TK mRNA levels. Thus, TK activity likely was regulated by a mechanism involving either decreased translation of TK mRNA or increased degradation of TK protein in committed muscle cells. PMID- 3211747 TI - Stereoselective synthesis of P-homochiral oligo(thymidine methanephosphonates). AB - An approach to the stereoselective synthesis of P-homochiral oligo(thymidine methanephosphonates) is described. Fully protected (Rp)- and (Sp)-diastereomers of MMTrTPMeTAC (3) were prepared in the stereospecific reaction of P-chiral nucleotide component 5'-O-monomethoxytritylthymidine 3'-O-[O-(4 nitrophenyl)methanephosphonate] (1) and 3'-O-acetylthmydine (2) bearing activated 5'-hydroxyl function. Deprotection of the 5'-OH group in 3 and subsequent stepwise reactions of activated 5'-OH oligonucleotide components with (Rp)- or (Sp)- isomers of 1 gave the trinucleotide MMTrTPMeTPMeTAC (4) and, subsequently, the tetranucleotide MMTrTPMeTPMeTPMeTAC (5) possessing all (Rp)- or all (Sp)- configurations at their internucleotide methanephosphonate P-atoms. PMID- 3211746 TI - Sequence organization and cytological localization of the minor satellite of mouse. AB - A complete 120 bp genomic consensus sequence for the mouse minor satellite has been determined from enriched L929 centromeric sequences. The extensive sequence homology existing between the major and minor satellite suggests an evolutionary relationship. Some sequences flanking the minor satellite has also been identified and they provide insight into centromeric DNA organization. Isotopic in situ hybridization analysis of the minor satellite to mouse L929 and Mus musculus metaphase spreads showed that this repetitive DNA class is localized specifically to centromeres of all chromosomes of the karyotype. With the use of high resolution non-isotopic fluorescence in situ hybridization the minor satellite is further localized to the outer surface of the centromere in a discrete region at or immediately adjacent to the kinetochore. Our cytological data suggests that the minor satellite might play a role in the organization of the kinetochore region rather than, as previously suggested, sites for general anchoring of the genome to the nuclear matrix. PMID- 3211748 TI - Characterization of RNA hairpin loop stability. AB - Fifteen RNA hairpins that share the same stem sequence and have homopolymer loops of A, C and U residues which vary in length from three to nine nucleotides were synthesized and their thermal stabilities determined. Tm varies as a function of loop size but is almost independent of loop composition. Loops of four or five nucleotides are found to be the most stable loop size. This is consistent with the observation that four-membered loops are the most prevalent loop size in 16S like RNAs. The contribution of each loop to hairpin stability was calculated by subtracting the known contribution of the helical stem. These data should be useful for predicting the stability of other hairpins. PMID- 3211749 TI - DNA stem-loop structures in oligopurine-oligopyrimidine triplexes. AB - Closed circular DNA containing polypurine-polypyrimidine sequences can adopt a triple helical stem-loop structure under supercoiling pressure. We describe an automated procedure for building model loops and its application to the investigation of the polypyrimidine loop at the end of such a triple helical stem. All possible combinations of 3'-stacked and 5'-stacked structures have been examined for loops containing three, four, five, and six nucleotides. The lowest energy conformation is a four-membered loop with all bases stacked on the strand at the 3' end of the loop. The model predicts that sequences (GA)n, (GGGA)n and (GAAA)n should form the stem-loop structure more easily than (GGA)n and (GAA)n. It is also predicted that when a polypurine-polypyrimidine sequence converts from a double stranded structure to a triple stranded stem-loop, the most favorable conditions are those where an even number of basepairs makes the transition. Experimental tests of these predictions are also described. PMID- 3211750 TI - The primary structure of rat secretogranin II deduced from a cDNA sequence. PMID- 3211751 TI - Nucleotide sequence of bean mitochondrial tRNALeu4 and of its cytoplasmic counterpart. Re-examination of the modified nucleotide present at position 12 in bean mitochondrial and cytoplasmic tRNALeu1 sequences. PMID- 3211752 TI - Sequence of the rabbit alpha S1-casein cDNA. PMID- 3211754 TI - A set of small bacterial plasmids with unique cloning sites. PMID- 3211753 TI - Sequence of the rabbit beta-casein cDNA: comparison with other casein cDNA sequences. PMID- 3211755 TI - Cloning and sequencing of the nucleoprotein gene of measles virus (Halle strain). PMID- 3211756 TI - Sequence of tRNA(Thr) and tRNA(Pro) from white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) mitochondria. PMID- 3211758 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of pGI2, a Bacillus thuringiensis plasmid containing Tn4430. PMID- 3211757 TI - The nucleotide sequence of a boar protamine 1 cDNA. PMID- 3211760 TI - Human type III collagen 'variant' is a cDNA cloning artefact. PMID- 3211759 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a full length cDNA clone of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene from green dark-grown pine (Pinus tunbergii) seedling. PMID- 3211761 TI - Comparison of different non-isotopic methods for hepatitis B virus detection in human serum. PMID- 3211762 TI - Generation of labeled RNA probes from enzymatically amplified DNA templates. PMID- 3211764 TI - Electrotransfection of human lymphoid and myeloid cell lines. PMID- 3211763 TI - Rapid detection of DNA-binding factors using protein-blotting and digoxigenin dUTP marked probes. PMID- 3211765 TI - Isolation of a porcine male specific DNA sequence. PMID- 3211766 TI - Nucleotide sequence of nifK and partial sequence of nifD from Frankia species strain FaC1. PMID- 3211767 TI - A procedure for the preparation of fluorescence-labeled DNA with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. PMID- 3211768 TI - Slamming the door. PMID- 3211769 TI - Safe on the street. PMID- 3211770 TI - A healthy slice? PMID- 3211771 TI - Mentors. Learning the ropes. PMID- 3211772 TI - Mentors. A supporting act. PMID- 3211774 TI - The shape of things to come. PMID- 3211773 TI - Mentors. On hand to help. PMID- 3211775 TI - Who returns to coronary care? PMID- 3211776 TI - Confidence with incontinence. PMID- 3211778 TI - Nurses in danger. Nurses on the frontline. PMID- 3211777 TI - Recruit and retain. All systems go. PMID- 3211780 TI - Midwives' Journal. PMID- 3211781 TI - Midwives' Journal. Choices in childbirth. 1. Place of birth. PMID- 3211779 TI - Escaping from the past. PMID- 3211782 TI - Midwives' Journal. HIV and pregnancy. PMID- 3211783 TI - Midwives' Journal. All's well in The Garden. PMID- 3211784 TI - Prime of Macmillans. Interview by Andrew Heenan. PMID- 3211785 TI - Slipping through the net. Interview by Nicki Pope. PMID- 3211786 TI - The devil we know. PMID- 3211787 TI - Community nursing. Breaking the boundaries. PMID- 3211788 TI - New lives. PMID- 3211789 TI - A vital debate. PMID- 3211790 TI - Everyday ethics for nurses. Do unto others. PMID- 3211791 TI - Built on tradition. PMID- 3211792 TI - On course for conversion. PMID- 3211793 TI - Recruit and retain. Many happy returns. PMID- 3211794 TI - The feasibility and effectiveness of nursing beds. PMID- 3211795 TI - Treatment of anaemia in chronic renal failure. PMID- 3211798 TI - The violent patient. PMID- 3211796 TI - Code of conduct. Desperate measures. PMID- 3211797 TI - I have my voice. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 3211799 TI - Clinical evaluation of the violent patient. AB - Violence is a generic behavior whose evaluation must consider medical, emotional, social, and environmental factors. The evaluation setting should allow privacy (but not isolation), security (but not constriction), comfort (but not fragility), and respect (but not vulnerability). In addition to one's routine complete history, a very complete description of events and feelings before, during, and after the violent episode is critical. Organic causes and correlates of violent behavior must be carefully sought. Evaluation of future risk of violence is difficult but often necessary. The environment in which the patient will be placed, time limits of the prediction and stability of the patient's clinical condition are important factors. Acute risk is greater when certain conditions, such as acute psychosis, persecutory delusions, or intoxication, are present in an already-violent patient. The legal aspects of evaluation are briefly discussed, including basic recommendations for documenting one's good faith efforts to weigh the risks and benefits of clinical actions and adhering to applicable laws. PMID- 3211800 TI - Management of the violent patient in an emergency situation. AB - The management of an acute episode of violence by a psychiatric patient is probably one of the most demanding actions in psychiatry in terms of clinical competence and emotional impact on the clinician. In such situations, consideration of the safety of staff and other patients is paramount. Interventions available to the clinician in the management of acute violence include verbal intervention, restraint, seclusion and medication. This article offers guidelines for how to communicate with the patient. Issues of countertransference and emotional reactions to patients are addressed. The author has worked to develop national guidelines for the psychiatric use of seclusion and restraint in terms of indications, contraindications, implementation, review by the physician and the monitoring and care of the patient by staff. PMID- 3211801 TI - [Factors regulating the synthesis and release of arginine vasotocin and its role in mammals]. PMID- 3211802 TI - [Anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal antibodies in patients with hyperthyroidism treated with radioactive iodine]. PMID- 3211803 TI - [Selected psychological problems of patients with hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 3211804 TI - Light microscopic morphometric analysis of castration effects in the different lobes of the rat prostate. AB - The morphologic effects of androgen deprivation in the different lobes of the rat prostate were examined by light microscopic morphometry. The prostates of Wistar male rats (260-340 g) were fixed in situ by glutaraldehyde perfusion in castrated animals 1 week after gonadectomy and in intact animals. The ventral (VP), dorsal (DP), and lateral (LP) lobes as well as the coagulating gland (CG) were dissected out, weighed, and processed for light microscopy. Using stereologic methods the following parameters were estimated for each lobe: volume fraction of connective tissue, epithelium and glandular lumina, average epithelial height, average epithelial cell volume, and total number of epithelial cells. Castration leads to a 58-76% reduction of the wet weight of all prostatic lobes. The decrease of glandular tissue is greater in VP than in LP, DP, and CG. In VP and LP, there is a 39-45% reduction of the epithelial height, and this effect is less pronounced in DP and CG. For all lobes, the shrinkage of average epithelial cell volume is in the same range (25-30%). Moreover, in VP and LP, there is a 70% reduction of the total number of cells, whereas the reduction is less in DP and CG. It thus seems that the reduction of prostatic epithelial tissue mass upon castration is due to a reduction of the number of cells as well as a reduction of the volume of individual cells. VP and LP appear to be more androgen-dependent than DP and CG. PMID- 3211805 TI - Intraluminal crystalloids in whole-organ sections of prostate. AB - Demonstration of intraluminal crystalloids and mucin can aid in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Crystalloids have been reported in 10% to 23% of prostatic adenocarcinomas. This incidence may not be accurate, however, because previous studies were based on specimens obtained by transurethral resection or transrectal biopsy. This study was based on the examination of 54 prostates (9 obtained from radical prostatectomies for prostate cancer and 45 from cystoprostatectomies for bladder carcinoma) processed by a whole-organ section method. Crystalloids were found in all nine prostatic carcinomas from radical prostatectomy specimens. Thirty-one of 45 specimens from cystoprostatectomies had single or multiple foci of adenocarcinoma; of these, 20 cases (64.5%) had crystalloids. Numbers of crystalloids varied not only from case to case but also from area to area within the same case. Crystalloids were occasionally identified in benign and dysplastic glands that were adjacent to areas of carcinoma. Cases without prostatic carcinoma and benign or dysplastic glands distant from areas of carcinoma did not contain crystalloids. Twenty-four prostatic adenocarcinomas had intraluminal mucin; mucin was not found in benign glands. In conclusion we found the incidence of crystalloids to be higher than that reported in previous studies, a difference we believe is because of sampling. We confirm previous observations that intraluminal crystalloids and mucin are helpful in diagnosing prostate adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3211806 TI - Prognostic value of serum hormone concentrations in prostatic cancer. AB - Seventy-eight patients with cytologically and/or histologically confirmed prostatic cancer were randomly allocated to orchidectomy (ORX, n = 37) or combined intramuscular and oral estrogen treatment (ESTR, n = 41). Serum levels of testosterone (T), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, total estrone (tE1; sum of unconjugated and conjugated estrone, greater than or equal to 85% estrone sulfate), cortisol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, growth hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and albumin were determined prior to treatment and 12, 24, and 36 months after initiation of treatment. Fifty patients responded to treatment or had stable disease, and 28 did not respond (12 in the ORX and 16 in the ESTR group). There was no association between pretreatment hormone or protein levels and outcome of the treatment, neither in the total material nor within either of the two treatment subgroups. Significantly higher pretreatment levels of cortisol and prolactin and significantly lower levels of T, tE1, and albumin and a significantly lower T/SHBG-ratio (index on biologically active T) were found in patients with metastatic disease, compared with the patients without metastases. There was no association between testicular or adrenal androgens, SHBG, T/SHBG, and albumin values during treatment and the clinical outcome. The differences found between metastatic and nonmetastatic disease probably simply reflect the more stressful and catabolic condition and generally poorer health in patients with disseminated malignant disease. Furthermore, the study does not lend any support to the hypothesis that indicates an important role of adrenal "rest androgen" in prostatic cancer tumor growth. PMID- 3211807 TI - Cardiovascular follow-up of patients with prostatic cancer treated with single drug polyestradiol phosphate. AB - Thirty-eight patients with cancer of the prostate were treated with strict parenteral estrogen in the form of monthly polyestradiol phosphate injections- 160 mg, 240 mg, and 320 mg--in this nonrandomized study. In contrast to studies with oral estrogens, there have been no cardiovascular complications at a mean follow-up of 12.9 +/- 0.7 months (SEM). Twenty-nine of the 38 patients (76%) have responded to therapy. PMID- 3211808 TI - Eosinophilic granulomatous lymphadenopathy: association with hyper-IgE and eosinophilia. AB - Cervical lymph node enlargement is probably the most frequently detected childhood lymphadenopathy. We report 2 cases of cervical lymphadenopathy in children associated with hyper-IgE and eosinophilia, displaying the features of necrotizing eosinophilic granulomatosis. Immunohistochemical analysis and a serological work-up failed to elucidate the underlying etiology. We would like to call the attention of physicians and pathologists to this unusual clinical picture, different from the fatal form of necrotizing eosinophilic granulomatosis, and we suggest a role for the eosinophils in the pathologic appearance of the lymph nodes. PMID- 3211809 TI - Rhabdomyomatous dysplasia of the lung. AB - This article deals with the presence of nontumoral striated muscle fibers in the lungs of 3 neonates. These cells were diffusely distributed in one lung (case 1) or in both (case 2), or focally localized to the lung parenchyma adjacent to the liver in a case with a large right diaphragmatic hernia (case 3). The striated muscle fibers were located in the walls of small bronchi and bronchioli or in the alveolar interstitium. Other major lung malformations found simultaneously were absence of lobation, hypoplastic lungs, and hypoplastic pulmonary vessels. The origin of striated muscle fibers in the neonatal lung has been attributed to anomalous differentiation of mesoblastic cells (as in cases 1 and 2). The presence of striated muscle cells in the lower margin of a hypoplastic lung associated with a right diaphragmatic hernia (case 3) suggests that intrapulmonary inclusion of diaphragmatic muscle fibers might be a source as well. Striated muscle fibers in the lung are commonly associated with major malformations involving heart and lungs, suggesting a much wider morphogenetic error. PMID- 3211810 TI - Minimal deviation spindle cell melanoma: unusual histologic pattern in an 11-year old black girl. AB - An 11-year-old black girl presented with a nodule at the tip of the left thumb that eroded the underlying tip of the distal phalanx. The tumor was composed of junctional nests and uniform atypical spindle melanocytes that formed broad fascicles and diffusely permeated the dermis. Scattered collections of Kamino bodies were present. A single enlarged left axillary lymph node was noted 9 months after the initial presentation. The lymph node measured 7 x 4.5 x 2.5. cm and was replaced by metastatic tumor composed of fascicles of spindle melanocytes. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated immunoreactivity for S100, HMB45, and Leu 7, and ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of premelanosomes in the primary and metastatic tumor. Now, more than 10 years since her initial presentation, the patient is well with no further manifestation of the disease. PMID- 3211811 TI - Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in pediatric AIDS. PMID- 3211812 TI - Juvenile granulosa cell tumor. PMID- 3211813 TI - Allergic proctitis. PMID- 3211814 TI - Malignant pleural mesothelioma in a child. PMID- 3211815 TI - Myocarditis and sudden, unexpected death in childhood. PMID- 3211816 TI - Congenital epithelial tumor of the parotid-sialoblastoma. PMID- 3211817 TI - Renal tubular dysgenesis. PMID- 3211818 TI - The relationship between age and duration of asthma and the presence of persistent obstruction in asthma. AB - Persistent obstruction was assessed in 630 asthmatic subjects by measurement after bronchodilator of the maximum potential peak flow rate and forced vital capacity. Persistent obstruction was directly related to duration of asthma. The fit was slightly better after logarithmic transformation, suggesting that the early stages of asthma may be as important as the later ones in the development of persistent obstruction. On multivariate analysis age was an additional factor in males, but made no significant difference to females. Atopy did not prove relevant. Measurements of peak flow suggested a more rapid deterioration in males of social classes III, IV and V than classes I and II. Although current smokers had lower peak flow rate and vital capacity than non-smokers, there was no evidence of a steeper decline in smokers than non-smokers suggesting that the effect of cigarette smoking was at most additive to that of duration of asthma. PMID- 3211819 TI - Serious complications following treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Six patients had serious complications as consequences of treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Five had splenectomy-related complications, one of them developed fatal intra-abdominal bleeding. Three patients acquired operation related serious infection, two of them died. Serious neutropenia after vinblastine-loaded platelets occurred in one patient leading to pseudomonas septicaemia and panophthalmitis with permanent vision loss of left eye. Recurrence thrombocytopenia occurred in every case during serious complications. Early detection by awareness of the possibility of serious complications can reduce morbidity and mortality occurring after therapy of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 3211820 TI - Hypercalcaemia in a patient with non-secretory myeloma. AB - A case of severe hypercalcaemia associated with a non-secretory multiple myeloma in the absence of skeletal deposits is described. The importance of considering this condition in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia in the elderly is discussed. PMID- 3211821 TI - Serious hypernatraemia in a hospital population. AB - Severe hypernatraemia in a hospital population should be an avoidable problem. We have looked at its causes and incidence over one year and have shown that serious hypernatraemia (serum sodium greater than 160 mmol/l) as a manifestation of severe dehydration is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Failure to maintain adequate fluid intake, intentional or unintentional, was the most frequent cause. Nursing and medical staff must be made more aware of this problem and encouraged to initiate early treatment of dehydration. PMID- 3211822 TI - Haemolytic anaemia associated with ingestion of naphthalene-containing anointing oil. AB - We present a patient who developed a severe haemolytic anaemia as a result of ingestion of a naphthalene-containing anointing oil. Previous reports of naphthalene-induced haemolytic anaemia are reviewed. Predisposing factors to haemolysis are outlined and the variability in the haematological response to naphthalene is discussed. It is clear that ingestion of anointing oil is dangerous; even topically, significant absorption of naphthalene may occur especially in infants, as it is oil-based. Because of these dangers, the use of naphthalene-containing anointing oils should be strongly condemned. PMID- 3211823 TI - Bilateral 'acoustic' neuromas. PMID- 3211825 TI - Pericardial involvement in familial Mediterranean fever. AB - Two patients with familial Mediterranean fever showed the classic features of pericardial involvement and one of them (Case 2) had pericardial effusion detected by echocardiography. These and previously published cases show that familial Mediterranean fever should be considered as a cause of pericarditis and/or pericardial effusion. PMID- 3211824 TI - Bilateral dislocation of the shoulders due to nocturnal hypoglycaemia. AB - A young insulin-dependent diabetic awoke with apparently spontaneous bilateral anterior dislocation of his shoulders. The most likely explanation was nocturnal hypoglycaemia. Similar case reports describing this complication have not been discovered. PMID- 3211826 TI - Jugular vein thrombosis associated with distant malignancy. AB - We describe two patients who developed internal jugular vein thrombosis associated with primary malignant disease arising outside the neck, and in one patient it was the presenting feature. Computed tomography was performed and the findings characteristic of internal jugular vein thrombosis are illustrated. We conclude that malignant disease should be considered in patients presenting with spontaneous internal jugular vein thrombosis with no other predisposing factors and that computed tomography is of value in confirming the diagnosis. PMID- 3211827 TI - Solitary non-parasitic liver cyst treated by cyst-gastrostomy. AB - A 66 year old female presented with a symptomatic solitary non-parasitic liver cyst. This was treated by a cyst-gastrostomy following which the patient has remained well without complications for 12 years. Given an appropriate anatomical relationship of cyst and stomach, this would appear to be a safe and effective operation. PMID- 3211828 TI - Chronic renal failure; an important feature of the Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome. AB - Two cases of end stage renal failure occurring in association with the Laurence Moon-Biedl syndrome are reported. Abnormalities in renal function and morphology are increasingly recognized in these patients in whom uraemia is an important cause of morbidity and early mortality. The presence of renal impairment, occurring as frequently as any of the pentad of features that characterize the syndrome, has important implications for the prognosis and long term management of these patients. PMID- 3211829 TI - Pancreatic pleural effusion associated with oncocytic carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - A pancreatic pleural effusion is an uncommon presenting feature of pancreatic malignancy. A case is described where such an effusion was associated with an oncocytic carcinoma of the pancreas, a tumour which itself has been reported on only one previous occasion. PMID- 3211830 TI - Widespread cutaneous vasculitis associated with diltiazem. AB - Two cases of widespread cutaneous vasculitis are described in association with diltiazem, a recently introduced calcium antagonist. In both cases, spontaneous resolution occurred over several weeks following withdrawal of the drug. PMID- 3211832 TI - Quality assurance. PMID- 3211831 TI - Medical organisation and training in Switzerland. AB - This paper aims to report on a successful medical system in a very successful country, politically organized as a federal republic, which put 12 billion Swiss francs in its Health budget in 1980. It also reports on the training of Swiss physicians with special reference to internal medicine and emphasis on their independence. The benefit of close collaboration between the public and the private sector should appear obvious even if this situation might be jeopardized by too many new graduates for fewer patients. PMID- 3211834 TI - Removal of a knotted Swan-Ganz balloon catheter using a Dotter basket. PMID- 3211833 TI - Unusual presentation of cancer-induced lactic acidosis. PMID- 3211835 TI - [The German Central Committee for the Control of Tuberculosis. Guidelines for chemotherapy of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3211836 TI - [Surgical treatment of bronchus carcinoids]. PMID- 3211837 TI - [Improvement in measuring airway resistance by lowering the oscillatory frequency]. PMID- 3211838 TI - [Clinical and radiologic detection of lung involvement in thromboangiitis obliterans (Winiwarter-Buerger's disease)]. PMID- 3211839 TI - The respiratory pump. Proceedings of a pneumologic meeting. Gottingen, 30 October 1987. PMID- 3211840 TI - Sniff transdiaphragmatic pressure in the assessment of respiratory muscle function. PMID- 3211842 TI - Analysis of inspiratory mouth pressures. PMID- 3211841 TI - Twitch interpolation: application to patients. PMID- 3211843 TI - Mechanical assistance. PMID- 3211844 TI - XX/XY chimerism encountered during prenatal diagnosis. AB - 46,XX/46,XY chimerism has previously been reported in patients with abnormal sexual development, and rarely in otherwise normal individuals. We report the first postnatally documented prenatal diagnosis of whole-body 46,XX/46,XY chimerism in humans, discovered by maternal age amniocentesis. The normal male phenotype in this child creates a dilemma in prenatal counselling, since genotypic male/female chimerism cannot be assumed to imply an abnormal sexual phenotype. PMID- 3211845 TI - Prenatal diagnosis using deletion studies in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Accurate carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) families is facilitated when an Xp21 deletion is found to be segregating within a family. We discuss the results of the DNA testing in two families, one in which DNA from affected males was available for study and the other in which no DNA from an affected male was available. Factors complicating the counselling of DMD deletion families are outlined. PMID- 3211846 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia by second-trimester chorionic villus sampling. AB - In this study we evaluated the feasibility of second-trimester transabdominal chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia in 80 pregnancies at risk presenting in the second trimester at the Antenatal Service. Sampling was carried out from 13 to 20 weeks and was successful in all cases. The amount of chorionic villi obtained varied from 10 to 40 mg, which was sufficient to make fetal diagnosis by oligonucleotide analysis within 10 days from sampling in all cases. No fetal losses occurred. From these results we conclude that transabdominal chorionic villus sampling is a useful procedure for prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia in those couples presenting after the first trimester. PMID- 3211847 TI - Extra embryonic/fetal karyotypic discordance during diagnostic chorionic villus sampling. AB - From a total of 1312 diagnostic chorionic villus samplings (CVS) there were 22 which showed discordance between the karyotype of the chorionic villi and that of the fetus. This frequency was some 20-fold higher than that reported at amniocentesis. In the majority of discordant cases, the fetal karyotype was normal while the placental karyotype was mosaic. In four cases, the placental karyotype was non-mosaic (a trisomy 16, a monosomy X, and two tetraploids) while the fetal karyotype was normal. In one case, the placenta was trisomy 18 while the fetus was mosaic. There were two 'false-negative' results where short-term methods showed only normal cells while both long-term cultures of chorionic villi and fetal cells were mosaic, in one 46,XY/47,XXY and in the other 46,XY/47,XY,+21. PMID- 3211849 TI - False-positive and false-negative findings on chorionic villus sampling. PMID- 3211848 TI - Chromosome banding in direct preparations of chorionic villi. AB - Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is now currently offered for first trimester prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. Chromosome analysis of CVS in direct and culture preparations is possible using modifications of standard banding techniques. We summarize our experience in applying QFQ, GTG, RBG, CBG, DA/DAPI, NOR, and SC differentiation protocols to direct preparations. Characteristic chromosome regions are properly labelled by these techniques, and analysis of 300 band stage karyotypes is consistently achievable on GTG banded direct preparations. However, banding of CVS direct chromosomes has proved to be difficult, and the analysis needs to be backed up by culture preparations. PMID- 3211850 TI - Prenatal detection of de novo 1; 15 translocation with the same breakpoints as those identified in a previous unrelated case report. PMID- 3211852 TI - Maternal cell contamination in chorionic villus samples assessed by direct preparations and three different culture methods. AB - Presumptive maternal cell contamination (MCC) was monitored in identified male cases during cytogenetic comparison of direct techniques and three different culture regimens from 140 thoroughly dissected chorionic villus samples. Of the 66 identified male cases, 11 (16.7 per cent) showed MCC, the mean number of cells examined per case being 8.2 (direct) and 14.5 (cultures); in the direct preparations only one of a total of 457 cells examined was female, while preparations from cultures revealed MCC in 11 cases. Four of these had MCC in more than one culture regime and four had only a single female cell. The results showed that (1) dependence on the culture system alone would have given a diagnosis based on maternal cells in one (1.5 per cent) male case, thus underlining the danger of this approach (a similar undetected rate of misdiagnosis being expected in the female cases) and (2) MCC was significantly lower in cultures grown in Chang medium as compared with the other two regimes, McCoy's 5A + 15 per cent fetal calf serum and 1 per cent Ultroser G, and McCoy's 5A + 25 per cent fetal calf serum, the latter expressing the highest level of MCC. PMID- 3211851 TI - Prenatal sampling and bicornuate uterus. PMID- 3211853 TI - Dietary restriction of maternal lactose intake does not prevent accumulation of galactitol in the amniotic fluid of fetuses affected with galactosaemia. PMID- 3211855 TI - The fetal intrahepatic umbilical vein as an alternative to cord needling for prenatal diagnosis and therapy. AB - Seventy-one fetal blood samplings (FBS) were attempted from the intrahepatic portion of the umbilical vein (IHV) at 18-34 weeks; 54 were attempted primarily and 17 secondarily after a failed attempt at the placental cord insertion. Fetal blood was obtained in 89 per cent of the cases. Intravascular transfusion (IVT) was attempted on 31 occasions and successful in 24 (77 per cent). In all cases of failed sampling or transfusion via the IHV, prenatal diagnosis and/or therapy was accomplished using alternative procedures. On only one occasion was the procedure postponed. There were no losses or neonatal morbidity attributable to the procedure. FBS from the IHV may be considered as an alternative approach to sampling the placental cord insertion. It is recommended in cases where the approach to the placental cord insertion is difficult or hazardous. PMID- 3211854 TI - First trimester diagnosis of Wolman's disease. AB - Wolman's disease was diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy by the direct demonstration of acid lipase deficiency in chorionic villi. The diagnosis was confirmed by studies on cultured chorionic villus cells and fetal skin fibroblasts. Acid lipase activity was assayed with both 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate and radiolabelled cholesterol oleate as substrates. The higher specificity of the enzyme for the latter, natural, substrate makes it superior in prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 3211856 TI - Maternal sex chromosome mosaicism diagnosed by amniocentesis and percutaneous umbilical cord sampling. AB - We present a remarkable chain of events in which percutaneous umbilical cord sampling was performed in an attempt to clarify a situation of possible fetal sex chromosome mosaicism in an amniotic fluid culture and led to the discovery that the mother herself had a 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX chromosome constitution. This may have simply represented the chance concurrence of pseudo-mosaicism in the amniotic fluid culture of a woman with an abnormal sex chromosome constitution, but it is also possible that the 45,X colony was maternal in origin. Although clearly a most unusual circumstance, the possibility should be kept in mind when termination of a pregnancy is being considered because of apparent mosaicism in a prenatal diagnostic study. PMID- 3211858 TI - Microcephaly, holoprosencephaly, hypokinesia--second report of a new syndrome. AB - Two still-born males whose mothers were sisters are presented. The features holoprosencephaly, hypokinesia, microcephaly, talipes, and other contractures correspond to those in the two male sibs reported by Morse et al. (1987). We suggest that our cases now provide evidence of an X-linked rather than an autosomal recessive new syndrome. PMID- 3211857 TI - Prenatal diagnosis, fetal pathology, and cytogenetic analysis of mosaic trisomy 14. AB - While true mosaicism occurs in only 0.25 per cent of genetic amniocenteses, nearly 2.5 per cent of amniotic fluid cell cultures contain a second cell line. In the common practice of prenatal diagnosis, an aberrant cell line confined to a single colony is usually disregarded. We present a case of mosaic trisomy 14 which was not detected on initial chromosome analysis. At birth, multiple malformations were apparent. Newborn cytogenetic studies revealed mosaicism [46,XX/46,XX,-14, +i(14q)] with an isochromosome 14 in 37 per cent of lymphocytes. Additional cells from the initial amniotic fluid culture were analysed post-delivery and the isochromosome 14 identified in only one of 12 total colonies. This case illustrates two important lessons in prenatal diagnosis. First, amniotic fluid cell cultures may not accurately reflect the relative distribution of the normal and abnormal cell lines within a mosaic fetus. Second, while it is generally reasonable to disregard mosaicism confined to a single colony, this policy will, on rare occasion, result in diagnostic error. This should be taken into consideration, particularly when dealing with autosomal trisomies potentially compatible with livebirth. PMID- 3211859 TI - A routine method for storing lymphocytes for repeated isolation of DNA. AB - A protocol for easy storage and later expansion of lymphocyte populations is given. Compared with methods using transformed cell lines, the method has a number of advantages for repeated production of cells for the isolation of DNA in amounts sufficient for use in diagnostic DNA technology. PMID- 3211860 TI - Measurement of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase activity in amniotic cells and in chorionic villi. PMID- 3211861 TI - [Biological significance of dysplasias of the stomach mucosa]. PMID- 3211862 TI - [Intestinal anisakiasis (herring worm disease). Report of 8 acute disease courses]. PMID- 3211863 TI - ["Heart myxoma syndrome" a hereditary disease?]. PMID- 3211864 TI - [Tumor cell nuclei in breast cancer. Correlation of microscopic evaluation and morphometry]. PMID- 3211865 TI - [Types of death: the thanatologic bridge between principle disease and cause of death]. PMID- 3211867 TI - [Basic histopathologic information as a prerequisite for individual gynecologic oncologic therapy. Recommendations of the Gynecologic Oncology Study Group. Fall 1987 status]. PMID- 3211866 TI - [Leukocytic spongiosis: the diagnostic pattern of the squamous epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes in mycosis]. PMID- 3211868 TI - [Mesothelioma register now in Bochum]. PMID- 3211869 TI - Effect of delayed implantation on differentiation of the extra-embryonic endoderm in the mouse blastocyst. AB - Delayed implanting blastocysts recovered from both ovariectomized and lactating pregnant mice were examined for the presence of primitive endoderm. One or more of three different criteria were used to identify this tissue which was found to be present in nearly all such blastocysts, regardless of the length of time for which their implantation had been delayed. Furthermore, the tissue appeared to differentiate in blastocysts from ovariectomized females at approximately the same postcoital stage as in those from sham-operated controls. Formation of the parietal endoderm layer was not observed in a single instance during delay, but began approximately 10 h after it had been terminated by injecting ovariectomized females with oestradiol benzoate. Cells in mitosis were found both at longer intervals after the onset of implantation delay and at shorter intervals after its termination than reported previously. It is concluded that, contrary to what might have been anticipated from certain earlier studies, there seem to be no obvious advantages in using delayed implanting rather than nondelayed blastocysts for investigating initial steps in differentiation of the primitive endoderm. Delayed blastocysts may, nevertheless, be of value in elucidating factors controlling the differentiation or onset of migration of parietal endoderm cells. PMID- 3211870 TI - Permeability of the near-term rat placenta to hydrophilic solutes. AB - The permeability of the rat placenta at 21 days' gestation (term is 23 days) has been measured with fetuses intact in situ and by perfusion of the fetal circulation. Intact measurements were made by removal of fetuses at known time intervals after injection of radioisotopes to the anaesthetized mother and measurement of their radioactivity content. Unidirectional clearance (Kmf) was calculated and found to be in proportion to the diffusion coefficient in water (Dw) for [14C]mannitol, [14C]sucrose, [51Cr]EDTA and [3H]inulin but was relatively high for 22Na and low for [125I]albumin. The high value for 22Na is partially explained by transfer across the yolk sac placenta; cautery of the vitelline vessels significantly reduced the Kmf for 22Na but not that for [51Cr]EDTA or [125I]albumin. The low [125I]albumin value is explained on the basis of restricted diffusion of this tracer. Perfused permeability measurements were made by injection of radioisotope into the anaesthetized mother and measurement of the radioactive content of fetal perfusate samples. Although the Kmf for Na+ was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced by 25 per cent, there was no other significant difference between results with the perfused placentae compared with those from the intact placentae. Comparison of the intact data with similar measurements in guinea pig and human confirms the similar permeability properties of the haemochorial placentae as a whole; the extra trophoblast layers in the rat make no discernible difference. PMID- 3211871 TI - In vivo placental permeability to hydrophilic solutes as a function of fetal weight in the guinea pig. AB - The permeability of the placenta was measured with unlabelled inulin in unanaesthetized guinea pigs. Inulin was injected into the sows and the plasma concentrations were recorded at regular intervals. The inulin contents of the conceptuses were calculated from fetal weights, fetal plasma inulin concentrations and a measured inulin distribution volume of 180 ml/kg fetus. From fetal inulin contents and the time integral of the difference in maternal and fetal plasma concentrations, we calculated a mean inulin permeability of 29 +/- 9 (s.e.m.) nl/s per gram placental weight. The inulin permeability per gram placental weight rose statistically significantly with increasing fetal weight. Comparison with a similar rise observed for the smaller cyanocobalamin molecule studied previously led to the conclusions that in the last ten days of gestation the transplacental passages narrow while at the same time there are apparent changes in the numbers and/or lengths of these passages that suffice to increase the unrestricted permeability fourfold. PMID- 3211872 TI - The killing of mouse trophoblast cells by granulated metrial gland cells in vitro. AB - Mouse placental cell preparations have been maintained in culture, and the types of cell that attached to the culture dish were classified according to morphological criteria. However, these morphological criteria were insufficient to determine from which trophoblast layer in the placenta all of the types of cell found in the cultures originated. Some placental cell preparations were co cultured with granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells and these cultures were studied using time-lapse video. Various responses to contacts between GMG cells and trophoblast cells were observed. These responses included the killing of trophoblast cells by GMG cells. PMID- 3211873 TI - Molecular charge effects on the protein permeability of the guinea-pig placenta. PMID- 3211874 TI - [Characteristics of conducting bronchoalveolar lavage in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3211875 TI - [Clinical and isoenzymatic characteristics of hepatitis B in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3211876 TI - [Characteristics of the mental state of patients with newly detected tuberculosis during antibacterial therapy]. PMID- 3211877 TI - [Results of expeditious screening of children for tuberculosis in regions with low population density]. PMID- 3211879 TI - [Roentgenological diagnosis of pulmonary echinococcosis]. PMID- 3211878 TI - [Intrapulmonary administration of streptomycin in the treatment of destructive lower-lobe pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3211880 TI - [Mechanisms of aspirin desensitization in patients with aspirin-induced asthma]. PMID- 3211881 TI - [Intracellular activity and phagocyte formation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum]. PMID- 3211882 TI - [Sensitivity to tuberculin in schoolchildren of different levels of physical development]. PMID- 3211883 TI - [Effectiveness of the combined use of antihypoxic agents and antioxidants in tuberculosis]. PMID- 3211884 TI - [Development of severe generalized tuberculosis in pregnancy]. PMID- 3211885 TI - [Tuberculosis of the breast treated with chemotherapeutic agents]. PMID- 3211886 TI - Characterization of cardiac A1 adenosine receptors with the antagonist radioligand 8-cyclopentyl-1,3[3H]-dipropylxanthine. PMID- 3211887 TI - Kinetics of adenosine antagonism of sympathetic nerve induced vasoconstriction. PMID- 3211888 TI - Catecholamine mediated actions of the veratrum alkaloids on the isovolumic canine heart. PMID- 3211889 TI - Competing effects of intravenously infused dilator agents and raised portal blood flow on hepatic arterial conductance. PMID- 3211890 TI - Effect of phentolamine on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamine levels in conscious, unrestrained morphine dependent rats during naloxone precipitated autonomic withdrawal responses. PMID- 3211891 TI - Functional sympatholysis in the microcirculation of the cat sartorius muscle. PMID- 3211892 TI - Bronchodilator effects of some liposome formulations of metaproterenol sulfate in guinea pigs. PMID- 3211893 TI - Dual actions of N-butanol on electrical excitability of the molluscan neurons. PMID- 3211895 TI - Adult rat lung in dynamic organ culture: a new tool in pharmacology. PMID- 3211894 TI - Lysosomal and cytosolic enzyme release as a measure of organelle specific toxicity in cultured rat liver slices. PMID- 3211897 TI - Prevention of the effects of diabetes on rat cardiac performance and lipid metabolism by L-carnitine. PMID- 3211896 TI - Selective effects of mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate (Na2B12H11SH) on the hepatic microsomal mono-oxygenase enzyme system and on hexobarbital induced sleep in mice. PMID- 3211898 TI - Effects of clonidine and hydralazine upon blood pressure and blood glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity in one kidney-one clip, and two kidney one clip hypertensive rats. PMID- 3211899 TI - Electrically induced arrhythmias in the rat. PMID- 3211900 TI - Role of endothelium in canine cerebrovascular responses to acetylcholine, adenosine and ATP. PMID- 3211903 TI - D-penicillamine transport into human erythrocytes. PMID- 3211901 TI - Inhibition of norepinephrine release from vascular adrenergic nerves by adenyl purines. PMID- 3211902 TI - Drug induced release of ATP from rabbit aorta. PMID- 3211904 TI - Reactivity of the saphenous vein in diabetics. PMID- 3211906 TI - Sites of action of morphine in generation of hippocampal theta rhythm in the rat. PMID- 3211905 TI - Clonidine activates a cholinergic hippocampal theta rhythm in the rat. PMID- 3211907 TI - Cannulation of the caudal medulla: behavioral effects of indwelling cerebellar cannulae. PMID- 3211908 TI - Neural regulation of ion transport by opioids in mouse small intestine. PMID- 3211909 TI - Increased sodium reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of henle in chronic caval dogs. PMID- 3211911 TI - Theory for stationary state responses of drug-receptor-effector systems in the rate occupation continuum. PMID- 3211910 TI - Pharmacology of neuroglandular transmission in exocrine glands. PMID- 3211912 TI - Renal thiazide diuretic receptors: site heterogeneity. PMID- 3211914 TI - Comparison of motor activity circadian rhythm for SHR and WKY during moderate audiogenic stress. PMID- 3211913 TI - Use of forskolin stimulated adenylate cyclase in rat hippocampus as a screen for compounds that act through 5-HT1A receptors. PMID- 3211915 TI - The effect of tetrahydropapaveroline and naltrexone on voluntary ethanol ingestion in rats. PMID- 3211916 TI - Comparison of the effect of common decongestant agents and amphetamine on fighting behavior and weight change. PMID- 3211917 TI - antinociceptive properties of [D-Ala2, NMPhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAGO) in tests of acute and tonic pain in mice. PMID- 3211918 TI - Coronary artery occlusion in the STZ diabetic rat. PMID- 3211919 TI - Differential vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses in the proximal and distal human coronary arteries. PMID- 3211920 TI - Bombesin induced secretion in mouse small intestine involves both neuronal and mucosal mechanisms. PMID- 3211921 TI - Central and peripheral bombesin modulation of bladder function in vivo. PMID- 3211922 TI - Antimuscarinic oxotremorine analogs distinguish high and low affinity agonist states of muscarinic receptors. PMID- 3211924 TI - Kinetic properties of sex steroids action on rat testicular aldehyde dehydrogenase. PMID- 3211923 TI - Decreased muscarinic receptor density in the aged rat brain. PMID- 3211925 TI - Hepatic, testicular aldehyde dehydrogenase and sex steroids. PMID- 3211926 TI - Effects of ryanodine on the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens. PMID- 3211927 TI - A comparison of putative 5-HT2 receptors in two different arterial tissues. PMID- 3211929 TI - Advances in cancer control: cancer control research and the emergence of the oncology product line. Proceedings of the 5th annual meeting on Advances in Cancer Control--a combined meeting of the Association of Community Cancer Centers/Association of American Cancer Institutes. Washington, D.C., March 11-15, 1987. PMID- 3211928 TI - External carotid vasodilation induced by serotonin and indorenate. PMID- 3211930 TI - Cancer control in the Illinois State Cancer Plan. AB - The ICC is fortunate to have obtained legislative support for cancer control and other components of the SCP. Through ongoing development, implementation and evaluation of program components, the ICC will continue to investigate the causes of cancer, seek effective methods of prevention, and deliver treatment throughout the state. The ICC has a long-range commitment to the SCP and to the reduction of cancer incidence and mortality in the state of Illinois. PMID- 3211931 TI - Cancer programs in Changchun, Jilin province, People's Republic of China. PMID- 3211932 TI - The advanced cancer patient--a clinical profile. PMID- 3211933 TI - A preliminary report on the efficacy of hypnosis to control anticipatory nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3211934 TI - Breast self-examination practices in women with a known neoplasm. AB - The value of breast self-examination (BSE) has been documented in the early detection of breast cancer in the general public, however, the benefits of BSE in the patient with a history of a breast neoplasm have not been explored. This study addresses the practices of BSE and intervening factors influencing BSE routines in women with a known breast malignancy. Thirty-seven patients with a primary diagnosis of breast cancer were survived via a questionnaire to establish a baseline knowledge level and individual practice of BSE before and after diagnosis. It was found that prior to diagnosis there were 23 patients (62%) who either never or only occasionally performed BSE and 14 patients (37.8%) performed BSE at least once a month. This is consistent with other studies that find 25% to 35% of the general population practice BSE on a routine basis. Post diagnosis practices of regular BSE was reported by 27 (73%) patients. The diagnosis of cancer has an impact on the increase of BSE frequency (p less than .0096). The pre and post diagnosis practices of BSE and the preceived responsibility for detecting breast abnormalities was compared. It was found that 3 patients felt that it was their responsibility to recognize breast irregularities but did not practice BSE. Breast exam was felt to be very important by 90% of the patients. PMID- 3211935 TI - Isolated meningeal relapse following adjuvant chemotherapy for poor prognosis breast cancer. PMID- 3211936 TI - The cancer program product line emerges. PMID- 3211938 TI - Planning for cancer patient care and teaching to enhance the oncology product line. PMID- 3211937 TI - An examination of compliance and noncompliance in an HMO cancer screening program. PMID- 3211939 TI - Satisfaction among cancer outpatients. PMID- 3211941 TI - Profile of the breast center: one year's experience. AB - The Grant Regional Breast Center (GRBC) has proven to be an effective means to offer radiologic breast exam. Not only has the service been very well received by patients but it has also shown a profit for the institution. The numbers are too small to show that there has been an increase in early screening. The numbers do suggest, however, that there has been an increased access to screening. Hopefully, this increased access and awareness will lead to increased early detection and increased long-term survival. PMID- 3211942 TI - Use of multiple data sources in planning a smoking cessation program for a defined population. PMID- 3211940 TI - Cancer survivors: is there a need for group support? PMID- 3211945 TI - Development of a nutrition education program for a blue collar community. PMID- 3211943 TI - Dimensions of disease and health promotion implications: comparing images of cancer and heart disease in a blue collar community. PMID- 3211944 TI - Cancer control in a defined population: results of the "Beat the Odds" education campaign. PMID- 3211946 TI - Colorectal cancer screening in a defined population. PMID- 3211948 TI - Flow cytometric detection of distinct subpopulations of platelets in individual patients. PMID- 3211947 TI - The experience of cancer warning signs in a general population and its implications for public education. PMID- 3211950 TI - Ultrastructural immunolocalization and morphometric quantification of platelet membrane GPIb and GPIIb-IIIa in uremic patients. PMID- 3211949 TI - Thrombin-induced changes in platelet membrane glycoproteins. PMID- 3211951 TI - Decompression inducible platelet aggregation (DIPA) is inhibited by Arg-Gly-Asp. PMID- 3211952 TI - Thrombospondin promotes the aggregation of platelets. PMID- 3211954 TI - Role of ADP in platelet aggregation and fibrinogen binding induced by prostaglandin endoperoxides: studies in a patient with a selective defect of ADP induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 3211953 TI - Aggregin: the platelet receptor mediating activation by ADP. PMID- 3211955 TI - Inhibition of platelet aggregation by a monoclonal antibody to a pan-myeloid antigen (D-51). PMID- 3211956 TI - Heterogeneity of fibrinogen receptor expression on human platelets activated by ADP in native plasma. PMID- 3211957 TI - Na+ ionophores monensin and nigericin induce a rise in platelet cytosolic [Ca2+] by means of a Na+-independent mechanism. PMID- 3211958 TI - Calcium exchange in platelets in human diabetes. PMID- 3211959 TI - Evidence for an increased fatty acid utilization in platelets in diabetes mellitus: its correlation with platelet hyperfunction. PMID- 3211960 TI - Platelets as neuronal models in neuropsychiatric disorders. PMID- 3211961 TI - The role of tumor-induced platelet aggregation, platelet adhesion and adhesive proteins in tumor metastasis. PMID- 3211962 TI - Membrane alterations in stored human platelets: lectins as probes. PMID- 3211963 TI - Lectin fractionation of rabbit blood platelets: isolation of subpopulations of different ages. PMID- 3211966 TI - Is dopamine involved in the hyperactivity produced by injections of muscimol into the median raphe nucleus? AB - Many studies have shown that experimental manipulations of the median raphe nucleus are able to produce profound effects on locomotor activity. Other data indicate that the raphe nuclei may exert an inhibitory influence over dopamine systems projecting to the forebrain. These results raise the possibility that the median raphe's influence over locomotion may be mediated through alterations in forebrain dopamine release. We examined this possibility in the current report by studying the role of dopamine in the hyperactivity produced by microinjections of the GABA agonist muscimol into the median raphe. Muscimol injections resulted in pronounced hyperactivity which was accompanied by a decrease in serotonin metabolism within the hippocampus and an increase in dopamine metabolism within the nucleus accumbens. Systemic injections of high doses of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol, however, were not able to attenuate muscimol's effect on activity. These results suggest that dopaminergic mechanisms do not play an essential role in mediating the effects of intraraphe muscimol on locomotor activity. PMID- 3211965 TI - Cholecystokinin potentiates the rate-decreasing effects of morphine on schedule controlled behavior in rats. AB - In one component of a multiple schedule, responding (licking in rats) was reinforced under a fixed-ratio (FR 50) schedule of water presentation. In the other component, responding had no programmed consequences (timeout). Each session consisted of four 10-min timeout components alternating with four FR components. In general, increasing cumulative doses of morphine (3.2-18 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the overall rate of responding. In one subject, cholecystokinin (CCK) alone (10-32 micrograms/kg) produced dose dependent decreases in rate in the first component, while in the other two subjects relatively little decrease in rate occurred. When these doses of CCK were given as a pretreatment before morphine, the decrease in overall response rate was greater than that found with morphine alone. This interaction was most noticeable at the lowest dose of morphine where CCK produced a dose-dependent "potentiation" of the rate-decreasing effects. Although the potentiation of CCK was not as evident at the intermediate doses of morphine, there were instances in which the rate-decreasing effects produced by the combination were greater than those expected from addition of the effects of CCK and morphine alone. In contrast, when naltrexone (1 mg/kg) was given as a pretreatment, little or no rate-decreasing effects were produced by the cumulative doses of morphine. Furthermore, pretreatment with naltrexone and the administration of a higher dose range of morphine indicated the dose-effect curve for morphine had shifted approximately 3/4 log-units to the right.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3211964 TI - Monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and the postpartum period. AB - A wide variety of behavioral changes in the female rat have been associated with the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and the postpartum period and their accompanying hormonal fluctuations. Since monoamine systems have been implicated in the control of these behaviors, the present study examined the tissue concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5HT) and their primary metabolites dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) in the anterior cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum during the estrous cycle, late pregnancy, and the early postpartum period. Results show no significant differences in neurotransmitter or metabolite levels during the estrous cycle in any of the three brain regions examined. However, profound differences were observed between samples from late pregnancy, early postpartum, and the estrous cycle. In general, NE and 5HT levels in all three brain regions fell from normal values during late pregnancy and rose in the early postpartum period; levels of their metabolites rose in postpartum samples. Conversely, DA levels were elevated in late pregnancy and depressed in the early postpartum period in anterior cortex, while DOPAC levels were depressed in both late pregnancy and the early postpartum period. The finding of changes in monoamine metabolism associated with pregnancy and its termination could be important in understanding the increased susceptibility to affective illness in women during the postpartum period. PMID- 3211967 TI - Chronic l-dopa fails to lessen rebound enhancement of self-stimulation after chronic haloperidol. AB - Chronic treatment with haloperidol (approximately 4.8 mg/rat/day PO for 18 days) severely impaired variable-interval hypothalamic self-stimulation. Cessation of treatment was followed by a strong rebound increase in response rates at submaximal currents, to well above pretreatment rates. The rebound increase in responding was not prevented (and at submaximal currents was actually enhanced) by treatment with l-dopa plus benserazide (respectively 240 and 60 mg/kg/day PO) for 6 days after withdrawal of haloperidol. This result is at variance with previously reported findings. PMID- 3211968 TI - Catecholamines and endogenous opioids in ventral tegmental self-stimulation reward. AB - Midbrain dopaminergic pathways and opioid receptor systems have been implicated in the reward experienced in electrical intracranial self-stimulation behavior. In the present experiment, the influence of graded doses of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol and of the agonist cocaine were investigated on electrical self-stimulation reward, elicited by electrodes located in the ventral tegmental area. A threshold method, which is rather insensitive for aspecific motor effects, was applied to determine the reward of self-stimulation. The method allowed to determine simultaneously the rate of lever pressing for self stimulation. All doses of haloperidol and cocaine were administered with and without the opioid antagonist naloxone, in order to investigate the interaction between dopaminergic and opioid modulation of reward. Haloperidol lowered and cocaine tended to increase the response rate, whereas cocaine but also haloperidol lowered the self-stimulation threshold. The effects appear to be dose dependent. Naloxone did not interact with the effect of the drugs on threshold and it lowered the response rate, but in the haloperidol-treated rats only. It is concluded that dopamine is involved in the reward of electrical self-stimulation elicited from the ventral tegmental area and that this involvement is independent of endorphin systems, suggesting the existence of separate catecholamine and opioid mechanisms modulating brain reward. PMID- 3211969 TI - A preliminary investigation of the psychoactive agent 4-bromo-2,5 dimethoxyphenethylamine: a potential drug of abuse. AB - 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (alpha-desMe DOB) is a psychoactive agent that may possess significant abuse potential. Because of its structural similarity to the established hallucinogen 1-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2 aminopropane (DOB), and because almost no pharmacological data are available on this agent, we undertook this preliminary investigation. alpha-DesMe DOB (Ki = 1 nM), like DOB itself (Ki = 0.79 nM), displays a high affinity for [3H]DOB-labeled central 5-HT2 serotonin receptors. However, unlike DOB, the alpha-desmethyl derivative also binds with significant affinity to 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1C serotonin receptors and, as such, is less selective than DOB. In drug discrimination studies using rats trained to discriminate either DOM (i.e., the 4 methyl analog of DOB) or R(-)DOB from saline, stimulus generalization occurred in both groups of animals. However, stimulus generalization was associated with extensive disruption of behavior, alpha-DesMe DOB may produce stimulus effects similar, but not identical, to those of DOM and R(-)DOB; in addition, this agent may be capable of producing other, as yet undefined, central effects at comparable doses. These other effects may be reflective of the lack of selectivity of alpha-desMe DOB for 5-HT2 serotonin receptors. Because other hallucinogenic agents display high affinity for 5-HT2 serotonin receptors and result in stimulus generalization in DOM- and/or DOB-trained animals, it is tentatively concluded that alpha-desMe DOB is a psychoactive agent with at least some hallucinogenic or DOB-like properties. PMID- 3211970 TI - Interactions between serotonergic agonists and antagonists in rats trained with LSD as a discriminative stimulus. AB - Drugs purported to have selective affinities for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT2 receptors were tested in rats trained with 0.1 mg LSD versus saline. Included were 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine (MDMT), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-amphetamine (DOM), 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), m trifluoromethylphenyl-piperazine (TFMPP), and 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4 pyridinyl)-1H-indole (RU-24969). Tests were then repeated in the presence of either pizotyline or pirenperone. DOM substituted for LSD and both were blocked by pizotyline and pirenperone. MDMT, 8-OH-DPAT, TFMPP, and RU-24969 substituted less completely and were variably affected by the antagonists. An unexpected result was potentiation of the stimulus or disruptive effects of certain doses of 8-OH-DPAT and TFMPP by pizotyline and pirenperone. The present findings suggest more complex interactions between these drugs than has previously been assumed. PMID- 3211971 TI - Differential cholinergic influences on the immobility response in various strains of domestic fowl. AB - A series of five experiments examined the effects of two anticholinergic drugs, atropine and scopolamine, on the duration of tonic immobility (TI) and susceptibility to the TI response in both Production Red and White Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus), in an attempt to resolve previous contradictory findings about the effects of cholinergic manipulations on tonic immobility. These two anticholinergic drugs significantly reduced the duration of TI and, therefore, supported the conclusion that cholinergic systems are involved with the immobility response. However, the effects of these drugs on TI differed depending on the age, strain, local population, and handling experience of the individual birds. PMID- 3211972 TI - Effect of morphine and naloxone on a defensive response of the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus. AB - Male crabs (Chasmagnathus granulatus) exhibited a defensive response (DR) to an electric shock (8 V, 50 Hz, 1 sec). The DR so elicited was used as a model for studying the antinociceptive effect of morphine. Injections of morphine-HCl (MP) (25, 50, 100 and 150 micrograms/g) were administered and the DR was examined at 2, 7.5, 15, 30, 45 and 75 min post-injection. (a) MP produced a dose-dependent reduction of the crab's sensitivity to the nociceptive stimulus. (b) A 100 micrograms/g dose of MP caused a 50% response inhibition with an injection-shock interval of 30 minutes, but no inhibition occurred when the same dose was administered with 1.6 micrograms/g of naloxone-HCl, suggesting that MP acts through an opiate receptor. (c) The ED50 at 2 min post-injection was roughly 33 micrograms/g and the threshold dose was estimated to be 6.8 micrograms/g. These doses are lower than ED50 values reported for other arthropods (90 to 930 micrograms/g) and approach those of vertebrates. (d) The peak MP effect was reached quickly, within 2 min post-injection. The duration of the MP effect was calculated to be 45.0-75.0 min depending on the dose, and an indirect estimate of half-life elimination was 15.7 min. These values are remarkably lower than those reported for vertebrates. The shorter duration of the MP peak effect is attributable to a greater permeability of the arthropod blood-brain barrier as compared to that of vertebrates. PMID- 3211973 TI - Behavioural microanalysis of the role of dopamine in amphetamine anorexia. AB - A microstructural analysis paradigm was used to study amphetamine anorexia. Doses above 0.40 mg/kg significantly reduced food intake by reducing eating time; in contrast, eating rate was increased at these doses. Examination of the frequency distribution of interresponse times (IRTs) revealed a significant shift to shorter IRTs at doses as low as 0.125 mg/kg. Pimozide blocked amphetamine anorexia at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, suggesting that at both doses amphetamine anorexia has a dopaminergic substrate. However, the atypical neuroleptic thioridazine did not antagonize amphetamine. Furthermore, effects of amphetamine were additive with those of apomorphine, administered at a dose known to suppress feeding by inhibiting mesolimbic DA neurons. These results provide evidence against an involvement of the mesolimbic DA system in amphetamine anorexia. PMID- 3211974 TI - Recovery of rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions (DMNL rats) from body weight restriction: effect of duration of postoperative prerestriction period. AB - The present study was performed to see whether somatic and underlying metabolic adaptive responses of DMNL rats and sham-operated controls (CON) to body weight restriction and subsequent refeeding could be influenced by the duration of ad lib feeding between lesion production and start of restriction. In contrast to previous studies (42 and 55 days, respectively) this time was reduced to 25 days. Restriction was similar, i.e., 27 days. DMNL rats show the same adaptive capacity in most parameters as do restricted CON. However, this response was at a lower level of absolute body weight, appropriate, so it appears, for their DMNL-induced lower body weight. In some parameters different responses were noted, however, suggesting that the time of ad lib feeding following the DMNL does indeed affect adaptive responses. Notably, this is the case in both DMNL and CON commensurately. Linear growth was reduced by restriction in the present but not in the two previous studies. Food intake showed a pronounced "overshoot" on refeeding but did not previously. Efficiency of food utilization was normal in the present study but depressed previously. A rise in plasma free fatty acids was not evident but was so in previous experiments. We concluded that, although DMNL rats respond to food restriction and recovery like similarly-treated CON, the duration of the ad lib feeding before restriction and/or the absolute age of the animals at that time, do indeed affect some parameters. This may be related to the fact that different aspects of the DMNL syndrome declare themselves in a sequential rather than a simultaneous manner. PMID- 3211975 TI - Novel GABA agonists depress the reward effect of lateral hypothalamic stimulation in rats. AB - Rats were given systemic injections of one of a series of novel GABA compounds which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier to release GABA into the brain. They were then tested on lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation behavior using a rate frequency paradigm to discriminate effects on reward from those on motor/performance. Both reward and, to a lesser extent, motor/performance impairments were found with all GABA compounds. In more extensive testing with one compound, LG2, no differences in the effects of three salts (acetate, ascorbate, and tartarate) were found except that the tartarate salt effects decayed more rapidly. PMID- 3211976 TI - Both prenatal and postnatal factors contribute to the effects of maternal stress on offspring behavior and central 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in the rat. AB - Litters from stressed and control females were cross-fostered at birth to determine whether the effects of maternal stress on the offspring originated prenatally or during the neonatal period. Offspring of stressed females reared by control mothers from birth showed a reduced behavioral response to injections of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5 MeODMT), increased 5-HT2 receptor binding in cerebral cortex and increased open field activity when tested at 60 days of age. In contrast, control litters reared by previously stressed females showed an increased behavioral response to 5 MeODMT, increased 5-HT2 receptor binding and only minor changes in open-field activity. These results provide further evidence that adult rat behavior can be significantly altered by exposure to the effects of maternal stress in utero. However, the effect of maternal stress on central 5-HT receptors is also strongly influenced by the postnatal rearing conditions. PMID- 3211977 TI - Cannabinol and cannabidiol in combination: temperature, open-field activity, and vocalization. AB - Rectal temperature as well as unconditioned activity in an open-field (O-F) arena, and palpation-induced vocalization were examined in rats treated intraperitoneally with cannabinol (CBN, 17.5 or 56 mg/kg) and cannabidiol (CBD, 10 or 30 mg/kg), either singly or in combination. CBN singly resulted in hypothermia which was not attenuated by the addition of CBD. CBN reduced ambulation and rearing activities as compared to vehicle-treated rats. CBD in combination with CBN did not attenuate these effects; the CBD doses in themselves appeared inactive. Vocalization occurred to a significantly greater extent in the CBN singly-treated rats as compared to the controls and the CBD singly-treated rats. Thus, CBD did not counteract the temperature and open-field effects induced by CBN. This is discussed in relation to previous results from drug discrimination experiments. PMID- 3211978 TI - Morphine preexposure attenuates the aversive properties of opiates without preexposure to the aversive properties. AB - Evidence that action on peripheral opiate receptors is necessary to produce aversive effects with morphine, enabled us to determine whether preexposure to these aversive effects is necessary for the later attenuation of morphine's aversive properties. We found that blockade of the aversive effects of morphine with the peripheral antagonist methylnaltrexone during morphine preexposure had no effect on the later attenuated development of conditioned taste aversions to morphine. Moreover, in the same rat morphine preexposure did not affect the development of a place preference to an environment paired with injections of morphine. The results suggest that an effect of central opiate action is able to attenuate the later peripheral aversive, but not the central rewarding, effects of morphine. PMID- 3211979 TI - The dopamine innervation of the visceral cortex mediates the aversive effects of opiates. AB - We have previously reported that opiates acting on peripheral receptors produce aversive effects whereas opiates acting on central brain receptors produce rewarding effects. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) has previously been implicated in both opiate reinforcing (positive) and aversive (negative) effects. We, therefore, chose to investigate the effects of disruption of DA systems on these two motivational properties of the opiate, morphine. Moreover, we sought to determine the brain site where dopamine might act as a mediator of these motivational effects. One group of rats received 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the visceral (agranular insular) cortex to destroy dopaminergic innervation to this area. A separate group of animals were pretreated with intraperitoneal (IP) injections of the DA receptor blocker, alpha-flupenthixol (0.8 mg/kg), followed in both groups by 15 mg/kg (IP) morphine. Both 6-OHDA lesioned and alpha-flupenthixol-pretreated subjects failed to develop the normal aversion to saccharin seen in control groups following conditioned taste aversion training with morphine. In a place conditioning paradigm, the aversive effects produced by low IP injections of morphine (acting on peripheral receptors) were blocked by 6-OHDA lesions of the visceral cortex. However, DA depletion of the visceral cortex did not disrupt the ability of animals to acquire a morphine place preference. Taken together, these results indicate that DA innervation of the visceral cortex mediates the aversive, but not the rewarding, properties of opiates. PMID- 3211981 TI - Differences in adenosine A-1 and A-2 receptor density revealed by autoradiography in methylxanthine-sensitive and insensitive mice. AB - Two strains of inbred mice, CBA/J and SWR/J, have been identified which are, respectively, sensitive and insensitive to the behavioral and toxic effects of methylxanthines. Autoradiographic analyses of brain adenosine receptors were conducted with [3H]CHA to label adenosine A-1 receptors and [3H]NECA, in the presence of 50 nM CPA, to label adenosine A-2 receptors. For both mouse strains, adenosine A-1 receptors were most highly concentrated in the hippocampus and cerebellum whereas adenosine A-2 receptors were selectively localized in the striatum. CBA/J mice displayed a 30% greater density of adenosine A-1 receptors in the hippocampal CA-1 and CA-3 regions and in the cerebellum as compared to the SWR/J mice. The number of A-2 receptors (Bmax) was 40% greater in the striatum and olfactory tubercle of CBA/J as compared to SWR/J mice. No significant regional differences in A-1 or A-2 receptor affinities were observed between these inbred strains of mice. These results indicate that the differential sensitivity to methylxanthines between these mouse strains may reflect a genetically mediated difference in regional adenosine receptor densities. PMID- 3211980 TI - Interactions of three benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists with ethanol in a plus-maze test of anxiety. AB - The effects of RO 15-4513, RO 15-3505 and FG 7142 on the anxiolytic properties of ethanol in mice were investigated using the plus-maze test of anxiety. Before being tested on the plus-maze, the mice were tested in a holeboard apparatus. All three inverse agonists attenuated the reduction in exploration caused by ethanol in the holeboard test. In the plus-maze, only RO 15-4513 and FG 7142, which possess anxiogenic properties when administered alone, attenuated ethanol's anxiolytic effect. RO 15-3505, which alone had no effect on anxiety, failed to significantly reduce ethanol's anxiolytic effect. Neither RO 15-4513 nor FG 7142 reduced the increase in the total number of arm entries caused by ethanol. These data indicate that the interaction between ethanol and benzodiazepine receptor ligands depends both on the intrinsic properties of the ligands and the behavior under investigation. PMID- 3211982 TI - Comparative effects of progesterone and alphaxalone on aggressive, reproductive and locomotor behaviors. AB - Progesterone can reduce aggressive behaviors in rodents under various experimental conditions, but it could be argued that this effect is due to the well known anesthetic/sedative properties of some steroids. We have tested this hypothesis by comparing the effects of progesterone and the anesthetic progestin, alphaxalone, on the aggressive, reproductive and locomotor behaviors of hamsters. Locomotion is used as a sensitive index of sedative/soporific effects. Progesterone reduced aggressive behavior without depressing the general locomotor activity of the animals, and it also facilitated feminine sexual behaviors in both sexes. Alphaxalone induced mild sedation in hamsters but this did not decrease their aggressive display. Alphaxalone did not facilitate feminine sexual behavior in either sex. We proposed that the inhibitory effect of progesterone on hamster aggressiveness is unlikely to follow from the hormone's sedative properties. PMID- 3211983 TI - Behavioral tolerance to cocaine in squirrel monkeys: acute and chronic effects on complex operant behavior. AB - Four food-deprived squirrel monkeys were trained to emit complex sequences of responses. The sequences involved pressing lighted response keys in orders dictated by colors that illuminated the keys, and ranged in length from two to five responses. Appropriate completion of these behavioral chains could be followed by food presentation. Acute administration of a range of doses (0.1-1.7 mg/kg) of cocaine hydrochloride produced dose-related decreases in the rate of completing chains and in accuracy of performance during chains. There was little evidence that the drug's effects on overall accuracy were related to the length of the chain. Three of the monkeys were exposed to daily administration of a large dose of cocaine, first after daily sessions and then prior to sessions. Daily postsession administration did not alter the dose-effect curves, but daily presession injection did, indicating the development of behavioral or "contingent" tolerance. In all cases, tolerance was accompanied by an increase in reinforcement frequency relative to the frequency observed following acute administration. Omission of the daily dose during presession drug administration resulted in performance near original control levels indicating essentially no withdrawal effect. The findings illustrate the importance of behavioral factors in the development of tolerance to cocaine in a primate. PMID- 3211984 TI - Effects of apomorphine on punished and unpunished responding in the rat. AB - Apomorphine has been reported to increase shock-suppressed drinking, which suggests that it might have antianxiety activity. Because some drugs that increase shock-suppressed drinking are not active in other punishment procedures, the effects of apomorphine on punished and unpunished responding maintained by a multiple fixed-interval, fixed-interval schedule of food presentation were studied in rats. At doses from 3.125 to 100 micrograms/kg, apomorphine failed to increase punished or unpunished responding. In contrast, pentobarbital produced large increases in punished responding maintained by a fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. PMID- 3211985 TI - The role of opiate mechanisms in the development of tolerance to the anorectic effects of amphetamines. AB - To study the role played by opiate mechanisms in the tolerance to the anorectic effects of amphetamines, the influence of chronic treatment with d,1-amphetamine (AMPH) on the effects of the selective kappa opiate agonist U50488H (U50), of morphine (MORPH) and of diazepam (DZP) on food and water intake was evaluated in rats. Since diuresis is selectively enhanced by kappa agonists, its sensitivity to chronic AMPH was also evaluated. On the first day of AMPH treatment the feeding response to U50 was depressed. On day 9, when tolerance to the anorectic effects of AMPH had developed, this response was enhanced and prolonged. U50 mediated diuresis was not increased in the AMPH group. AMPH however produced diuresis by itself and this effect may be responsible for the increased water intake that developed during chronic treatment. The administration of MORPH (on day 17), but not of DZP (on day 13), produced a similar pattern of response. Interruption of AMPH treatment brought about a slow normalization of response to U50, that appeared to be completed after 17 days. An increase in feeding response to U50 was also obtained after 14 days of cathinone administration, confirming the amphetamine-like properties of this drug. In order to evaluate the possibility that preventing sensitization of opiate mechanisms could also prevent tolerance to anorectic effects of AMPH, we chronically administered MORPH in combination with AMPH, obtaining a further reduction of feeding and an apparent slowing in tolerance development. However, such a reduction was also obtained acutely, although MORPH alone produced feeding stimulation. We suggest that opiates may both activate and inhibit feeding and that AMPH inhibits the activatory branch and works synergically with the inhibitory branch. The prolonged inhibition of the activatory branch causes its compensatory hypertrophy resulting in hypersensitivity to exogenous opiates. PMID- 3211986 TI - Effect of acute ethanol administration on noradrenaline metabolism in brain regions of stressed and nonstressed rats. AB - The effects of ethanol on noradrenaline (NA) metabolism of brain regions in stressed and nonstressed rats were investigated. Male Wistar rats were injected IP with either saline, or ethanol at 0.5 g/kg or 2 g/kg, 5 min before exposure to 1-hr immobilization stress. Levels of NA and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4) in various brain regions and plasma corticosterone levels were fluorometrically determined. Immobilization stress caused significant increases in MHPG-SO4 levels in all brain regions examined, i.e., the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebral cortex and locus coeruleus (LC) region. In nonstressed rats, ethanol significantly increased MHPG-SO4 levels in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and cerebral cortex, but not in the amygdala or in the LC region. In stressed rats, ethanol attenuated stress induced increases in MHPG-SO4 levels preferentially in the amygdala and LC region, but not in the remaining three regions. Although ethanol per se dose dependently elevated plasma corticosterone levels in nonstressed rats, ethanol at 2 g/kg attenuated the stress-induced elevation of corticosterone. These results suggest that the attenuating effect of ethanol on stress-induced increases in NA turnover in the amygdala and LC region might be related to the stress-relieving properties of this drug. PMID- 3211988 TI - Conditioned place preference produced by intra-hippocampal morphine. AB - Unilateral microinjections of morphine sulphate into the rat hippocampus were found to produce a conditioned place preference, whereas equi-volume saline injections into the same region in a separate control group were without effect. The results are discussed in terms of possible reward or habituation functions of the hippocampus. PMID- 3211987 TI - Effects of moderate ethanol sedation on brain regional 2-deoxyglucose uptake in alcohol-sensitive and alcohol-insensitive rat lines. AB - Acute intraperitoneal ethanol administration (2 g/kg) decreased the accumulation of radioactivity after [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose injection into grossly dissected brain regions of alcohol-sensitive (ANT) and alcohol-insensitive (AT) rat lines. In autoradiography, the balance of radioactivity uptake between different functional systems (as judged from relative optical density ratios) was changed after ethanol: especially in the ANT rats, areas associated with sensory input were damped but motor relay nuclei were relatively active, suggesting a tendency to motor overactivity relative to sensory input. The ANT rats furthermore showed slight relative damping of cortical associative areas and differences in limbic structures compared to the AT rats, which, provided that changes in the balance between brain regions with a decreased overall activity are meaningful, suggests that the higher level of ethanol-induced motor impairment of the ANT rats may be related to defects in their integration of sensory and motor processes. PMID- 3211990 TI - Disopyramide pharmacokinetics in the elderly after single oral administration. AB - Disopyramide (D) kinetics were studied after single oral dose (200 mg) in ten elderly male patients (mean age: 75.5 yrs) without clinical or laboratory signs of hepatic, renal or cardiac disease, and in six healthy male subjects. They were all non smokers and had not taken alcohol for at least 10 days. Peak plasma concentration and area under the curve (AUCo-oo) were 54% and 51% respectively higher in the elderly group, whereas plasma half life was virtually the same in both groups (about 9 hrs). The major D metabolite, mono-N desisopropyldisopyramide (MND), showed a tendency towards an increase of AUCo-24 h and T1/2 but did not reach the 5% significance level. Eight of the ten elderly patients but only two of the six young subjects complained of anticholinergic side effects. On the basis of the pharmacokinetic changes observed (and provided that plasma protein binding is unchanged), D oral dose should be reduced by 1/3, without modifying the dosage interval. PMID- 3211989 TI - A rapid and simple HPLC microassay for biogenic amines in discrete brain regions. AB - A rapid microassay is described for the measurement of biogenic amines using an isocratic HPLC system with electrochemical detection. Catecholamines, indoleamines and their major metabolites were extracted with 150 microliters of perchloric acid from brain tissue punches (less than 250 micrograms) using a simple one-step sample preparation method. These compounds were separated on a short (80 mm) column with 3 microns particle size packing, and electrochemically detected within a total run time of less than 6 minutes. Detection limit sensitivity was approximately 2-5 pg. This method, detailed in an easy-to-follow description, reduces assay time, minimizes the possibility for errors, maximizes efficiency, and requires only standard HPLC equipment and supplies. PMID- 3211992 TI - 2nd inter-regional meeting of the Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Puglia, Sardegna, Sicilia Group of the Italian Pharmacological Society. Cagliari, May 30 31, 1988. Communications. PMID- 3211991 TI - Inhibitory activity of 2-benzimidazolylurea on gastric acid secretion in rats. AB - 2-Benzimidazolylurea (BIU) decreases gastric acid secretion. The antisecretive activity appears to be associated with antihistaminic and antimuscarinic effects. The antihistaminic activity of BIU appears from its inhibitory effects on betazole stimulated gastric acid secretion and from its inhibitory activity on the isolated guinea pig auricle stimulated by betazole. The antimuscarinic activity of BIU appears from several experiments: this molecule decreases gastric acid secretion stimulated by carbachol in rats, depresses the neostigmine stimulated motility of duodenum in the anaesthetized cat, lessens the hypertonus of isolated guinea pig trachea caused by pilocarpine and also inhibits guinea pig ileum activity stimulated by acetylcholine. BIU probably depresses gastric acid secretion by interfering with both histamine and acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 3211993 TI - Neurochemical and behavioral effects of cadmium alone or associated with selenium in the rat. PMID- 3211994 TI - Flavonoids modify calcium ions and calcitonin plasma levels in the rat. PMID- 3211995 TI - Modifications of quiescence and functional activity of glial cultured cells by phospholipase A2-prostaglandin system inhibition. PMID- 3211996 TI - Autoregulation of endogenous purine release from rat hippocampal slices. PMID- 3211997 TI - Study on the action mechanism of some flavones through registration of intracardiac potentials in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 3211999 TI - Pertussis toxin inhibits the behavioural and ECoG effects induced by clonidine and yohimbine after their microinfusion into the locus coeruleus. PMID- 3211998 TI - Effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to Ca2+-antagonist agents on rat vasomotor reactivity development. PMID- 3212000 TI - Prolactin affects central dopamine receptor function: the behavioral model of aged rats. PMID- 3212001 TI - Pharmacological analysis of intrinsic neural control of rat duodenum motility in vitro. PMID- 3212002 TI - Nigral control of hippocampal epilepsy: a dopaminergic hypothesis. PMID- 3212003 TI - 5-HT3 receptors antagonists block morphine- and nicotine- but not amphetamine induced place-preference conditioning. PMID- 3212004 TI - Interference of flunoxaprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, on the antihypertensive activity of etozoline. PMID- 3212005 TI - Excitatory and inhibitory cholinergic effects of yohimbine on isolated guinea-pig small intestine. AB - The interaction of yohimbine with the cholinergic intestinal system was investigated in the isolated guinea-pig ileum using a wide range of drug concentrations from 3 x 10(-13) to 2 x 10(-4) g/ml. Low concentrations of yohimbine (3 x 10(-13) to 3 x 10(-11) g/ml) caused dose-dependent contractions of the ileal longitudinal muscle, which were potentiated by eserine 1 x 10(-8) g/ml and prevented by tetrodotoxin 1 x 10(-6) g/ml or by atropine 1 x 10(-12) g/ml; methysergide and diphenydramine were ineffective up to 3 x 10(-7) g/ml dose. Submaximal stimulatory responses evoked by twitch stimulation or by acetylcholine were significantly potentiated by the same concentrations of yohimbine (3 x 10( 13) to 3 x 10(-11) g/ml) and blocked by atropine 1 x 10(-12) g/ml. By contrast, high concentrations of yohimbine (1 x 10(-6) to 2 x 10(-4) g/ml) displayed dose dependent inhibitory effects on cholinergic responses. The stimulant effect of yohimbine seems to be indirect and mediated by the increase in the release of acetylcholine, while the inhibitory action may be due to a molecular interaction with the muscarinic receptors allowing non-specific receptor blockade. PMID- 3212006 TI - The kallikrein kinin system in pulmonary lavage fluid of reserpinized rats. AB - Kallikrein content in lavage of the respiratory tract was determined by a specific RIA. The results show an immunological identity of the lung kallikrein with the standard rat urinary kallikrein. The levels of immunoreactive lung fluid kallikrein were significantly lower in rats injected with reserpine. PMID- 3212007 TI - Demonstration of a depressor substance in serum from CCl4 treated rats. AB - Previous studies have shown that blood pressure was reduced in rat experimental hypertension following a series of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections. To define this effect more precisely the presently reported experiments were done. Serum from rats treated with CCl4 was injected into various recipients. The mean systolic blood pressure of renal hypertensive recipients decreased significantly at 60 minutes by -15 mm Hg. In normotensive and spontaneous hypertensive rat recipients the pressure did not fall. It is concluded that a vasodepressor substance appears in the serum of CCl4 treated rats which affects only renal hypertensive recipients. PMID- 3212008 TI - Intracarotidal administration of liposomally-entrapped ATP: improved efficiency against experimental brain ischemia. AB - ATP entrapped into liposomes was administered intracarotidally to rats submitted to brain ischemics episodes by clamping of the carotid arteries and lowering of the systemic blood pressure. It was observed that when entrapped into liposomes, ATP greatly increased the number of ischemic episodes tolerated before brain electrical silence and death appeared. These results added to very similar previous data obtained by i.c.v. treatment excluding the prominent role of cardiovascular effects, could open new possibilities in brain antihypoxic protection. Here and now it cannot be stated if ATP provides direct energetic supply. PMID- 3212009 TI - Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum prolactin levels and liver prolactin binding capacity in the rat. AB - Modifications in liver prolactin (PRL) receptor levels and serum PRL concentration induced by administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) were investigated in rats of both sexes. MPA induced a reduction both of the levels of PRL in the serum and of liver PRL receptors in the female rat. The reduction of the number of PRL receptors caused by MPA was rapid and almost complete after 10 days of treatment and appeared earlier than that of serum PRL levels. Furthermore the MPA-induced decrease in PRL receptors was specific, since insulin binding to the same liver membranes was not affected. MPA given simultaneously with oestradiol (which increases both the number of liver PRL receptors and the serum PRL levels in the male rats) was able to counteract the increase in PRL binding induced by oestradiol. On the contrary, the oestrogen-induced increase in serum PRL was not affected by MPA treatment. Similar results were obtained using tamoxifen, a well known antioestrogenic drug. In conclusion, our results show that the reduction of PRL receptor levels induced by MPA in rat liver is specific, not correlated to serum PRL concentration, and seems to depend on the antioestrogenic activity of the drug. PMID- 3212010 TI - [Synthesis of 3-substituted 6-methyl-4-pyridyl-2 (1H) pyridones and testing of their cardiovascular action]. AB - Reaction of our previously described and in 4- and 6-, respectively, position with 3- and 4-, respectively, substituted 3-cyan-2(1H)-pyridones 4 and 5 with concentrated sulphuric acid had yielded the 3-carbamoyl-pyridones 8 and 9. Hofmann reaction was followed and the 3-amino substituted pyridones 10 and 11 were formed. As by-products the 5-bromo substituted 3-amino-pyridones 12 and 13 were obtained. 4 and 5 were refluxed in the presence of diluted sulphuric acid to yield the decarboxylated pyridones 14 and 15. Cardiotonic Activity of the compounds 4-9 compared to amrinone (Cordemcura) was investigated. PMID- 3212011 TI - [Synthesis and biological activity of 5-phenyl-1,3,4-benzotriazepines. 13. Preparation of 2-alkylamino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-benzotriazepines as 2-thioxo-analogs and amines in the presence of heavy metal compounds]. AB - The S-N-exchange at 2-thioxo-5-phenyl-1,3,4-benzotriazepines by alkylamines to obtain the corresponding amino-heterocycles is successful if the starting compounds react at room temperature in the presence of heavy metal compounds. Convenient conditions are given by use of lead(II)-acetate and dry dioxane as solvent. The rate of the reaction is influenced particularly by substituents of the triazepine-ring. PMID- 3212012 TI - [UV-spectrophotometry in drug control. 41. Drug substances with chromophores and auxochromes in monocyclic compounds (pyrazolone, pyrazolidine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine) and bicyclic compounds (benzoxazole, imidazole, benzthiazole and indene)]. AB - The results of a systematic examination of the spectra of 15 drug substances with chromophores and auxochromes in monocyclic (pyrazolone, pyrazolidin, pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine) and bicyclic compounds (benzoxazol, imidazole, benzthiazole and indene) in the UV and visible range were evaluated. Influences of substituents and solvents on shifts of the E, K, B and R bands were discussed. PMID- 3212013 TI - [The refractory susceptibility in determination of sulfur in organic drugs using the Schoniger method]. AB - Conventional methods of the determination of sulphur in organic drugs were studied (Schoniger method) and new methods developed. Emphasis was put on the disturbance effect of 5 elements, which often occur in the structure of organic drug compounds. It could be shown, that the disturbance effect of nitrogen and chlorine was overcome by the use of carbamide and ammonium carbonate in the absorption solution. The effect of fluorine was abolished by the use of boric acid and a special two-spiral technique of the analysis. Based on these studies concrete recommendations for the Schoniger method of sulphur determination in drugs of various composition of elements were given. PMID- 3212014 TI - [Preparation and testing of polymer drugs. 3. Binding of benzocaine to polyacrylic acid with a spacer]. AB - epsilon-Aminocapronic acid (1) as spacer was introduced in polymeric drugs on the basis of polyacrylic acid. Benzocain served as model drug. Polymeric drugs were synthesized by copolymerisation with free acrylic acid. Not all functional groups of the carrier reacted with the model drug. This product showed a strong swelling during the release of the covalently bound drugs. Pancreatin was used for this investigation. A raising of the splitting rate was achieved by incorporation of the spacer in the polymeric drugs. However, the low rate of cleaving is not relevant for practical use. PMID- 3212015 TI - Studies on dressings for treatment of mucous membranes of oral cavity. Part 2: Influence of hydrophilizing substances on properties of hydrogel dressings comprising Kunitz protease inhibitor. AB - Resistance of the dressings against washing out depends upon concentrations of methylcellulose or sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and upon concentrations of glycerol, 1,2-propylene glycol and polyoxyethylene glycol 400. For the determined group of dressings the ratio of washing out times in 0.9% sodium chloride solution to washing out times in distilled water remains constant. A similar relation has been observed for washing out times of the dressings in vivo compared to those in vitro in 0.9% solution of sodium chloride. The pharmaceutical availability of the Kunitz type protease inhibitor depends upon composition of the gel forming and hydrophylizing substances in the dressings. The rheological characteristics of the dressings comprise a flow limit and thixotropic properties. The initial clinical examinations proved that the dressings alleviated symptoms of paradontopathy. PMID- 3212016 TI - [The liberation of phenylbutazone from tablets]. AB - The liberation of phenylbutazone from tablets prepared by wet granulation was examined. It was found that the solution process can be described by the equation c = cs (l-e-K.t alpha). The influence of the binder concentration and the disintegrant on the liberation rate was also studied. The increase of the Klucel MF concentration accelerated the liberation of the agents. Among the disintegrants Polyplasdone XL and cyclodextrin block polymer turned out to be very good. PMID- 3212017 TI - Effect of absorbents on permeation of norfloxacin. AB - Norfloxacin is a very potent drug. Adsorption of this drug may account for a significant fraction of total dose, hence the adsorption effect is of great significance. In the present investigation adsorption interaction study various adsorbents, was undertaken using, viz., activated charcoal, bentonite, kaolin, potato starch, talc and lactose by permeation technique. It was observed that forces through which the adsorption interaction is mediated are important to the effect obtained in vitro and that with further knowledge it may be possible to predict in vivo effect from the results of in vitro findings. PMID- 3212018 TI - [The quantitative determination of dihydralazine and selected metabolites in man]. AB - Dihydralazine and its metabolites were estimated in the steady-state in 9 hypertonic patients by gas chromatography. Serum levels of both dihydralazine and metabolites were very low and particularly below the detection limit. In urine and faeces about half of the dose was found mainly as metabolites, 2/3 of this in faeces. Acid labile hydrazones of dihydralazine (about 6% of the dose), primary acetylated and primary oxidized metabolites (both about 20%) were identified as main metabolites. Secondary metabolites (hydrazones, acetylated and oxidized products) were measured, too. PMID- 3212019 TI - Testing of dioxolan-methyl-metaacrylate (DMA) for hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. AB - Dioxolan-methyl-metaacrylate (DMA) is applied as an adhesive for optical glasses and as a tooth filling material using the polymerisation properties. In rat LD50 was estimated at about 500 mg/100 g b.m. following i.p. or i.m. administration without distinct sex differences. DMA is less toxic following oral administration. Hypnotic or myorelaxing effects could be observed in a dose dependent manner. DMA antagonized pentetrazole-induced convulsions. Prolongation of hexobarbital sleeping time without influence on awakening concentration of hexobarbital inhibition of biotransformation reactions, proved in vivo and in in vitro experiments measuring ethylmorphine-N-demethylation, ethoxycoumarin-O deethylation and cytochrome P-450 content. There are no influences of DMA on urine concentrating ability. Oliguric effects of DMA might be caused by central depressive effects of DMA. There are no distinct effects of DMA on p aminohippurate transport. Signs of a selective hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effectiveness of DMA can be excluded because the respective functions were altered only following administration of extremely high doses of DMA (50% of LD50 values). PMID- 3212020 TI - [Griseochelin methyl ester, a new polyether derivative with antiviral activity]. AB - The methylester of griseochelin (1) is a new chemically-made antiviral derivate of the antibiotic griseochelin isolated from fermentations of Streptomyces griseus. It belongs to the polyether group and possesses antiviral activity against enveloped RNA and DNA viruses cultivated in chicken embryo cells (CEC), namely influenzavirus A/WSN, vesicularstomatitis virus (Indiana), vaccinia virus (Lister) and herpes simplex hominis virus type 1 (Kupka). The methylester of griseochelin failed to show virucidal effects on extracellular influenza vacciniavirus particles or to influence virus adsorption and penetration processes. The antibiotic in concentrations of 125-15 micrograms/ml inhibited the virus-induced cytopathic effect of the above mentioned viruses and caused over 90 per cent plaque reduction. Addition of 1 during a one-step growth cycle of influenzavirus A at 4 and 6 h p.i. resulted in complete suppression of virus multiplication at the control niveau of the virus yield accumulated to the same time point. A partial reversibility of the antiviral action against influenzavirus A could be achieved. Coxsackie A9 virus growth in human fibroblast cells was not affected by the inhibitor. Electron-optical observations showed a failure of the formation of the viral capside proteins of HSV type 1 at the second halftime of the replication cycle in CEC-infected and 1-treated cultures. PMID- 3212021 TI - [Asa foetida--a remedy in Asiatic folk medicine]. PMID- 3212022 TI - Improved synthesis of o-iodoaminoglutethimide: a precursor for a potential adrenal scanning agent. PMID- 3212023 TI - Spectrophotometric method for determination of pentacaine in antacid suspensions. PMID- 3212024 TI - An evaluation of As-Di-Sol primojel and polyplasdone XL as adjuvants in antacid tablets. PMID- 3212025 TI - [Preparation and biopharmaceutics of theobromine suppositories]. PMID- 3212026 TI - Relationship between geometrical characteristics and anticonvulsive activity of 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones. PMID- 3212027 TI - [The anticonvulsant action of yohimbine in maximal electroshock]. PMID- 3212028 TI - [The anticonvulsive action of tranylcypromine in maximal electroshock in the mouse]. PMID- 3212029 TI - [Ion pair-HPLC of some aromatic amino- and hydroxycarboxylic acids]. AB - Various factors influencing the ion-pair-HPLC separation of some aromatic amino- and hydroxycarbon acids were described and discussed. Distinct effects of the ion pair formation of organic acids with quarternary alkylammonium salts (CTAB) are recognized on condition that the carboxylic group is not blocked by intramolecular H-bonding or partial betain structure. If the carboxylic group is unconnected the retention time increases depending on the pka of the acid with increasing pH if no complete ionization exists. In order to separate similar compounds at low retention time with distinct resolution an organic modifier of suitable strength and high selectivity have to be added to the mobile phase. PMID- 3212030 TI - Determination of drugs containing fluorine with ion-selective electrode. Part 1: Synthetic glucocorticosteroids. AB - Synthethic glucocorticosteroids (fludrocortisone acetate, fluocinolone acetate, flumethasone pivalate, triamcinolone acetonide and dexamethasone acetate) were determined on the basis of their fluoride content, when deflagrated after Schoniger, in three ways: by potentiometric titration or by direct potential measurement of ion-selective fluoride electrode or by spectrophotometry with lanthanum alizarin complexan. PMID- 3212031 TI - [UV-spectrophotometry in drug control. 39. Spectrophotometric behavior of substances with chromophores and auxochromes in aliphatic chains, in saturated heterocyclics and the heterocyclic compounds: furan, imidazole, thiazole, thiadiazole and oxadiazole]. AB - The spectra of 22 drug substances with chromophores and auxochromes in the aliphatic chain, in the saturated heterocyclus and in heterocyclic compounds (furan, imidazole, thiazole, thiadiazole and oxadiazole) underwent a systematic investigation and the results obtained were evaluated. Influences of substituents and solvents on shifts of the E, K, B and R bands were discussed. PMID- 3212032 TI - [HPLC determination of benzoylmetronidazole and metronidazole in biological materials]. PMID- 3212033 TI - [Biomimetic oxidation of iodosylbenzyl sulfides in the presence of synthetic metalloporphyrins]. PMID- 3212034 TI - Effects of allopurinol on the glutathione status and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS) in ischaemic rat intestine. PMID- 3212035 TI - Hypoglycemic activity in various species of the genus Lavandula. Part 2: Lavandula dentata and Lavandula latifolia. PMID- 3212036 TI - Brief footshock analgesia: long-lasting enhancement induced by cathinone, an amphetamine-like agent. AB - In view of the analgesic effects produced by cathinone (CATH), an amphetamine like agent, and of the interaction of amphetamines with stressful environmental stimuli, the present study evaluated in rats the influence of CATH on the nonopioid analgesia induced by a brief electric footshock (FSA; 3 min of continuous 2.5 mA current). The influence of this combination on body temperature was also evaluated. CATH (5 mg/kg, i.p.) alone induced a brief and slight increase in latency during the hot plate test (HPT), but enhanced and prolonged the analgesic effect induced by FS. In addition, the presentation of the environment (shock box with unelectrified grid) where other rats received FS, caused CATH to induce a slow-rising analgesic effect for 180 min. A hyperthermic response paralleling the analgesic effect was observed in shocked and nonshocked rats receiving CATH. After 24 h, rats that had received both CATH and FS on the previous day showed prolonged latencies on the HPT before and after a 1-min presentation of unelectrified grid. These animals also showed an increased analgesic response to the subsequent application of a 15-second FS. At the same time no differences in body temperature were observed between treatment groups. These results suggest that CATH can interact with environmental stimuli to induce an analgesic effect, the time-course of which depends upon the intensity of the stimulus applied. PMID- 3212037 TI - Effect of exercise in sheep on the absorption of intramuscular atropine sulfate. AB - In normal female sheep, we investigated effects of exercise on the absorption of atropine sulfate (0.02 mg/kg) given intramuscularly. The exercise regime consisted of treadmill running (20 min at 3-4 mph at 0 degrees grade) starting immediately after intramuscular atropine injection into the biceps femoris. Six normal female sheep received intramuscular atropine and 7-14 days later an identical intramuscular dose of atropine with exercise. Serum levels of atropine measured by radioimmunoassay were monitored over a 6-hour period. The time to peak concentration was significantly less with exercise than without, 2.9 +/- 2.1 and 13.7 +/- 5.4 min, respectively (p less than 0.005). In addition, peak serum atropine concentrations tended to be higher, 9.7 +/- 1.3 ng/ml with exercise versus 7.1 +/- 2.9 ng/ml without exercise; however, the difference did not attain statistical significance (p less than 0.08). This study demonstrates that exercise increases the early absorption of intramuscularly administered atropine sulfate. PMID- 3212038 TI - Effect of ouabain on norepinephrine-induced contractions of isolated rabbit aorta. AB - The acute potentiating effect of ouabain on norepinephrine (NE) induced contractions of isolated rabbit aorta was investigated. Ouabain, at concentrations of 3 X 10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/l potentiated the vasoconstrictor effect of NE as demonstrated by a shift to the left of the NE concentration response curve in a parallel manner and a concentration-dependent increase in the EC50 ratio. A significant increase in maximal contractility was observed by ouabain at 3 X 10(-6) and 10(-5) mol/l. Removal of the endothelium did not alter the effect of 10(-5) mol/l ouabain. When the NE concentration-response curves were again determined after ouabain had been washed out, it was found that the ouabain-induced increase in EC50 ratios returned to control values, while the increase in maximal contractility did not. The slopes of the NE concentration response curves were not significantly different in the presence of ouabain than control values, but were higher when obtained after ouabain had been washed out. PMID- 3212039 TI - Relaxing effects of dilazep and lidoflazine in dog cerebral and renal arteries independent of adenosine. AB - The adenosine potentiating drugs dilazep and lidoflazine were studied for their relaxing ability in isolated dog cerebral and renal arteries contracted under conditions which induce the opening of potential-dependent calcium channels (using K+ at 30, 50 and 100 mmol/l) and under conditions which induce the opening of receptor-operated calcium channels (prostaglandin F2 alpha, PGF2 alpha; 5 hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and compared with those of adenosine and a standard calcium entry blocker, diltiazem. Dilazep, lidoflazine and diltiazem exerted concentration-dependent relaxation in cerebral and renal artery ring strips contracted with 30, 50 and 100 mmol/l K+. However, dilazep was slightly more potent at 100 mmol/l K+. In contrast, whereas the high concentration of adenosine (1 X 10(-5)-3.7 X 10(-4) mol/l) relaxes these arteries only at 30 mmol/l K+, it produced a more pronounced concentration-dependent relaxation when PGF2 alpha or 5-HT was used as a contracting agent. The order of relaxing responses of both cerebral and renal arterial ring strips contracted by PGF2 alpha were: diltiazem greater than adenosine greater than lidoflazine greater than dilazep. On the other hand, the relaxing responses on cerebral and renal arteries contracted with 5-HT were: diltiazem greater than lidoflazine greater than adenosine greater than dilazep and diltiazem greater than adenosine greater than lidoflazine greater than dilazep, respectively. Adenosine deaminase reversed the relaxation produced by adenosine, but was unable to reverse the relaxing responses to diltiazem, lidoflazine and dilazep. These findings suggest that dilazep and lidoflazine have a direct relaxing effect independent of adenosine in cerebral and renal artery ring strips possibly through their calcium entry blocking activity. The data suggest that adenosine is more effective on the receptor-operated contractions, whereas dilazep and lidoflazine are more effective on the potential-dependent contractions. PMID- 3212040 TI - Effect of nisoldipine on large coronary arteries in situ: inhibition of vasoconstriction induced by vasopressin. AB - The effects of nisoldipine on myocardial performance and large coronary artery diameter, resistance and cross-sectional area were studied in rabbit hearts in situ. Changes in mean internal diameter of coronary artery segments were visualized using color arteriography; changes were computer-calculated. Nisoldipine had a direct dilatory effect on large coronary arteries in situ and it attenuated the vasoconstriction induced by vasopressin. It shifted the dose response curve of vasopressin to the right in a noncompetitive manner. Nisoldipine reduced the effect of vasopressin on maximum left ventricular dP/dt, mean aortic pressure, left ventricular end-systolic pressure and heart rate. The results demonstrate that nisoldipine is an effective dilator of large epicardial coronary arteries in situ and inhibits the vasoconstriction induced by vasopressin. PMID- 3212042 TI - Radiometric procedure for linearising computer-interfaced display systems. AB - Procedures for the adjustment of computer-interfaced display devices have been based on a subjective approach, generally relying on the visual examination of digital test patterns. The lack of an objective adjustment procedure means that the best image quality may not always be achieved. This paper describes how a simple home-made radiometer can be used to make screen luminance as well as density measurements on transparency film. The measurements are first used to determine the brightness and contrast settings for the display which enable the film to be used in the linear range of its optical densities. The display device characteristics, showing how luminance varies with grey level, are then determined. Using this information a simple display-linearising mapping can be produced to ensure that screen luminance (and hence film density) is a linear function of display grey-level value. Film-density measurements are also used to investigate the luminance and hence phosphor uniformity characteristics of the screen. The linearisation of the display device is an essential step in optimising the quality of recorded images. The measurements described are reproducible and sufficiently simple to provide the basis for a reliable quality control procedure for the periodic assessment of the performance and settings of the display device. PMID- 3212041 TI - Solutions of the bio-heat transfer equation. AB - A solution of the bio-heat transfer equation for a 'step-function point source' is presented and discussed. From this basic solution one can, in principle, obtain the temperature field resulting from a general heat source distribution by superposition. As an example, the method is used to calculate the temperature on the body surface at a point where therapeutic ultrasound is applied. Comparison is made with experimental results recently published by Williams and co-workers. PMID- 3212043 TI - Optimal filtering values in renogram deconvolution. AB - The evaluation of the isotopic renogram by means of the renal retention function (RRF) is a technique that supplies valuable information about renal function. It is not unusual to perform a smoothing of the data because of the sensitivity of the deconvolution algorithms with respect to noise. The purpose of this work is to confirm the existence of an optimal smoothing which minimises the error between the calculated RRF and the theoretical value for two filters (linear and non-linear). In order to test the effectiveness of these optimal smoothing values, some parameters of the calculated RRF were considered using this optimal smoothing. The comparison of these parameters with the theoretical ones revealed a better result in the case of the linear filter than in the non-linear case. The study was carried out simulating the input and output curves which would be obtained when using hippuran and DTPA as tracers. PMID- 3212044 TI - A method for in vivo analysis of platinum after chemotherapy with cisplatin. AB - A method to quantify the concentration of platinum in vivo by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is described. The measurement system consists of a roentgen apparatus, operated at 155 kV and 25 mA, and a high-purity germanium detector. In order to reduce the amount of scattered radiation in the detector the connecting links between the roentgen tube and scatterer, scatterer and patient, patient and detector, are arranged in a three-axial geometry with mutually orthogonal directions. With this system, quantification of platinum can be achieved with a minimum detectable concentration of 8 micrograms/g, for a measuring time of 30 min and an organ depth of 4 cm. The method can be used to follow the uptake and retention of platinum in patients treated with cisplatin, a frequently used cytostatic agent for tumour therapy. PMID- 3212045 TI - 133Xe for the x-ray fluorescence assessment of gold in vivo. PMID- 3212046 TI - Commissioning of a linear accelerator with independent jaws: computerised data collection and transfer to a planning computer. PMID- 3212047 TI - Aggression and adaptation to the light-dark cycle: role of intrinsic and extrinsic control. AB - In wild house mice, the hypothesis that in the organization of behavior the relative contribution of intrinsic factors is more important in aggressive males, while that of extrinsic factors is more important in nonaggressive individuals was confirmed using the circadian rhythmicity of activity. The faster rate of reentrainment and the suppression of activity during a subjective night and during adaptation to the new LD cycle in the nonaggressive males indicate that their circadian rhythmicity of activity is to a large extent determined by the Zeitgeber, an extrinsic factor. The slower reentrainment rate, the lack of response to a subjective night and the normal activity level seen during reentrainment in the aggressive mice suggest strong control by the pacemaker, an intrinsic factor. Tau differences between the aggressive and nonaggressive mice provide some evidence that the pacemaker of nonaggressive males is fairly labile and is easily influenced by external factors, whereas the pacemaker of aggressive animals is rather stable. PMID- 3212048 TI - Acute and repeated gestational stress affect offspring learning and activity in rats. AB - This study assessed possible long-lasting effects of mild, indirect prenatal stress upon offspring. Dams were restrained for 30 minutes either once or four times during the third trimester of gestation. Their male offspring were challenged in adulthood with a series of appetitive operant learning tasks. Both acute and repeated prenatal maternal restraint retarded the performance of the offspring in a selective manner: deficits appeared during the reversal stage of an operant discrimination task, with no effect on acquisition, discrimination or extinction. Repeated, but not acute, maternal stress was also associated with offspring hyperactivity. This highlights the differential impact of varying the stress schedule. Furthermore, use of multiple measures of learning uncovered a long-lasting, selective effect of relatively mild, indirect prenatal manipulation. PMID- 3212049 TI - The specificity of satiety: the influence of foods of different macronutrient content on the development of satiety. AB - The effects of consuming equicaloric preloads with different macronutrient contents on the development of satiety were investigated. Ten normal-weight, nondieting women fasted overnight and then rated hunger, fullness, and food preferences, and the pleasantness of the taste of food samples before and after five different preloads. The greatest changes in the pleasantness of the taste of the food occurred for the eaten food relative to the uneaten food. Macronutrient content of the preloads did not significantly influence the magnitude of these changes or the pleasantness of foods with similar nutrient contents. Therefore, no evidence of nutrient-specificity was obtained. Nutrient composition had a differential effect on hunger, fullness and food intake. Ratings of hunger decreased and fullness increased following the high starch and high protein preloads to a greater extent than after the high fat, high sucrose and mixed content preloads. When a self-selection meal was offered 2 hours after the preloads energy intake and preference for high carbohydrate and high fat food items were significantly decreased by the high protein and high starch preloads. However, no specific reduction in macronutrient intake was observed. In conclusion, differential effects of the preloads were observed in subjective ratings of hunger, fullness, preferences and subsequent food intake, but there was no indication that satiety was macronutrient-specific. PMID- 3212050 TI - Effect of the excess of thyroid hormone administration on water and sodium chloride intake in the rat. AB - By using the two-bottle, self-selection method it was found that an excess of thyroid hormone administration to rats increased water and sodium intake. Thyroidectomy changed the initial preference from water to sodium chloride. Oral treatment of the thyroidectomized rats with thyroid hormones brought salt ingestion back to normal levels and greatly augmented the water intake. Two-week treatment was followed by an increase in salt intake, which was characterized by large oscillations resembling the corresponding effects of adrenalectomy and treatment with deoxycorticosterone. PMID- 3212051 TI - Subjective hunger relationships with meal patterns in the spontaneous feeding behavior of humans: evidence for a causal connection. AB - The relationship between the subjective state of hunger and objective food intake was investigated using a diary self-report method. Thirty-one adult humans were paid to record in a diary, for 7 consecutive days, everything that they either ate or drank, the time that they ingested it, and how hungry they were on a seven point scale. The diary entries were encoded and entered into a computer. Meals were identified according to 5 different definitions and meal compositions, estimated stomach contents, and intermeal intervals calculated. Univariate and multiple linear regression predictions of self-reported hunger and meal size were calculated from these data. Self-reported hunger was found to be related negatively to the energy content and the proportion of protein in the stomach at the time of meal ingestion. Meal size was also found to be related to these same factors and also positively to self-rated hunger. These results suggest that protein has a unique satiating property beyond its contribution to total food energy. When self-rated hunger and the premeal stomach contents were all used in a multiple regression prediction of meal size the premeal stomach contents influence became nonsignificant leaving subjective hunger as the only significant predictor of meal size. These results suggest that subjective hunger represents an intermediary step in the cause-effect sequence between gut filling and cessation of meal ingestion. PMID- 3212052 TI - Uterine and cytoplasmic effects on pup eyelid opening in two inbred strains of mice. AB - Age at Eyelid Opening (AEO) differs in two inbred strains of laboratory mice: NZB and CBA/H. Ovarian transplantation and fostering methods were employed to test for variation of genotypic expression in different environments. (1) A global maternal effect was demonstrated for AEO in parental and F1 pups. (2) AEO of H and N pups is not affected by the parental vs. F1 modification of post-natal maternal environment. (3) The genotype of the mother, via uterine environment, interacts with pup genotype: only the CBA/H strain reacts to the parental vs. F1 modification in uterine environment. (4) A cytoplasmic effect for AEO was successfully replicated. Additional analyses demonstrate that AEO is not cytoplasmically inherited but rather modulated by the cytoplasmic environment. PMID- 3212053 TI - How the nose cools the brain during copulation in the male rat. AB - Copulation in the male rat is accompanied by a progressive increase in both body temperature and hypothalamic temperature and, soon after ejaculation, by a rapid and selective decrease in hypothalamic temperature. We hypothesized that two changes occur in tandem within the vasculature of the nasal mucosa that contribute, respectively, to hypothalamic heating and hypothalamic cooling. The first takes place prior to ejaculation and involves mucosal vasoconstriction and warm venous blood flowing from the nose to the base of the brain. We thought of such warm blood as retarding heat loss from the hypothalamus. The second takes place immediately following ejaculation and involves the same venous blood, but now cool owing to an abrupt dilation of nasal blood vessels. We hypothesized that such cool venous blood is largely responsible for the observed postejaculatory reduction in hypothalamic temperature. To test our hypothesis, we measured temperature at the surface of the nasal mucosa and in the hypothalamus during successive copulatory bouts. In accord with prediction, we found a reduction in mucosal-surface temperature prior to ejaculation (reflecting vasoconstriction and heat retention) and a substantial rise in mucosal-surface temperature following ejaculation (reflecting vasodilation and heat dissipation). Accompanying these changes in nasal vasomotor tone was a progressive preejaculatory rise in hypothalamic temperature and a rapid postejaculatory decrease. We conclude that nasal venous blood modulates the temperature of the ventral brain through conductive heat exchange and that such heat exchange is conspicuous during sexual behavior. PMID- 3212054 TI - Methoxamine is an effective unconditioned stimulus for cardiovascular conditioning. AB - New Zealand albino rabbits received classical conditioning training in which a 35 sec tone conditioned stimulus was paired with a bolus injection of methoxamine hydrochloride (Vasoxyl), an alpha 1-adrenergic agonist. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses were recorded. Methoxamine produced a precipitous rise in BP and bradycardia as an unconditioned response (UR); pairings of tone and methoxamine over a 5-day period resulted in a gradually appearing tachycardia conditioned response (CR) which occurred shortly following tone onset. On the other hand, the BP CR was a pressor response. Accordingly, the HR CR was opposite in direction and, thus, apparently compensatory to the UR, whereas the BP CR was similar in direction to the UR. Neither of these cardiovascular changes were observed in control animals receiving either unpaired presentations of tone and methoxamine or tones paired with physiological saline. Most animals receiving either paired or unpaired infusions of methoxamine also showed consistent elevations in baseline HR as training progressed, relative to their respective day 1 levels, thus suggesting the development of compensatory HR CRs to the contextual cues associated with training. PMID- 3212055 TI - Injections of cholecystokinin into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus inhibit lordosis behavior in the rat. AB - In the central nervous system, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is a primary locus for the induction of lordosis behavior by estrogen. Tissue levels of cholecystokinin and its binding sites in the VMH are modulated by estrogen, suggesting a role for cholecystokinin in the regulation of lordosis behavior. The effects of exogenous cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) were examined by injecting CCK-8 into the VMH and measuring the frequency of lordotic responses. CCK-8 inhibited the frequency of lordotic responses in a dose-related fashion when the control rats had lordosis quotients of 60 and above. This inhibition is in agreement with previously reported results after peripheral injection of CCK-8, and is consistent with the hypothesis that CCK-8 in the VMH in involved in the regulation of lordosis behavior in the estrogen-primed rat. PMID- 3212056 TI - Sex differences in passive avoidance behavior of rats: sex-dependent susceptibility to shock-induced behavioral depression. AB - Male and female Wistar rats were trained in a standard passive avoidance task. One-half of the subjects was shocked (S) upon entering a dark compartment, the other half was not (NS). One hour after S and NS experience subjects were tested. During testing different behavioral elements were observed in order to elucidate the variables which might be responsible for the observation of sex differences in passive avoidance behavior (Experiment Ia). In addition, separate groups of NS and S male and female rats were used to establish effects of sex and shock presentation on locomotor activity (Experiment Ib). One hour after S and NS experience within a passive avoidance procedure these subjects were tested for open field ambulation. Results of both experiments indicated that shock-stress reduces locomotor activity of male and female rats, but to a lesser extent in female rats. Sex differences in behavioral responses to aversive stimuli may thus be a consequence of a sex-dependent susceptability to stress-induced behavioral depression. PMID- 3212057 TI - Sexual behavior of male dairy goats: effects of deafferentation of the genitalia. AB - The following study examines the effects of deafferentation of the penis, scrotum, prepuce and adjacent cutaneous surfaces on the development of mounting behavior in male dairy goats. Ten males underwent surgical deafferentations and 10 males received sham operations at 8 to 12 weeks of age. Mounting and other sexual behaviors were monitored while subjects were cohabiting with male and female penmates and when individually exposed to estrous females. Denervated males mounted penmates less frequently than sham controls and lacked vigorous thrusting behavior. When exposed to estrous females denervated goats did not exhibit the normal progression from shallow to deep thrusting with successive mounts and failed to attain intromissions and ejaculations. However, frequency of mounting was similar to that of controls when the latter were prevented from attaining intromissions. It was concluded that sensory feedback from the genitalia and surrounding cutaneous areas is not required for the initiation of leg-kicking behavior in male dairy goats but plays an important role in the development and maintenance of normal patterns of thrusting behavior. Because it was not possible to determine the rate at which reinnervation occurred, the extent to which mounting behavior depends on sensory feedback could not be determined. PMID- 3212058 TI - Paradoxical sleep deprivation applied two days after end of training retards learning. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 98) were trained in a 2-way shuttle shock avoidance task (50 trials/day for two consecutive days) and then subjected to a paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) regime beginning at least 24 hours after the last training session. Results from the various PSD groups indicated that a vulnerable PS window exists from 48-72 hours after the end of the last training session. PSD during this time period produced severe retention deficits. These results suggest the existence of a very long term posttraining PS involvement in the learning/memory process. PMID- 3212060 TI - Different effects of acute and chronic stress on two dopamine-mediated behaviors in the mouse. AB - After two hours of immobilization stress, C57BL/6 mice presented a significant reduction of spontaneous locomotion and a slight reduction of spontaneous climbing. The effect of stress on locomotor activity disappeared after ten daily sessions of immobilization while this chronic treatment increased the effect of stress on spontaneous climbing. Twenty-four hr after the last stressful experience the mice showed an increase of spontaneous locomotion and a decrease of spontaneous climbing in comparison with unstressed mice. Following a single exposure to immobilization stress, an increase of DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA ratios was found in the striatum and in the nucleus accumbens. These effects were still evident following repeated exposure to this stressor but disappeared 24 hr after the last of ten daily stressful experiences. Finally, chronically stressed mice, tested 24 hr after the last stressful experience, showed an increased sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of low doses of apomorphine on climbing behavior and a decreased sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of the same doses of the dopamine agonist on locomotion. These results are discussed in terms of altered sensitivity of different populations of dopamine receptors following chronic stress. PMID- 3212061 TI - Periodic cessation of respiratory effort during sleep in adult rats. AB - Using a noninvasive technique which measures respiration as a function of chest and abdominal movement, it was found that adults rats have periodic cessations of respiratory effort during the daytime. In a preliminary study, male Fischer-344 rats had respiratory pauses of 2.4-2.6 seconds duration, which tended to be more frequent in older (22-month) compared to young adult (3-month) rats. Respiratory rate was lower and respiratory volume greater in the 22-month-old animals. In a more detailed study of 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, respiratory pauses were divided into two types: those preceded by a large inspiration ("sighs") and those which were not. The latter, which appear to be most analogous to human apneas of clinical interest, occurred in all animals studied, with a frequency of 13 to 26 events during six hour recordings. These pauses varied in duration from 2.0 to 6.1 seconds and were most frequent and longest in REM sleep. PMID- 3212059 TI - Restricted water intake influences male reproduction in two strains of house mice (Mus musculus). AB - Males from two strains of house mice (Mus musculus) were subjected to ten weeks of simulated drought in the laboratory. Water availability was reduced to 50% of ad lib intake for 5 weeks, then further restricted to 25% of ad lib consumption for an additional 5 weeks. Individuals of the highly inbred (CF1) strain were generally unaffected by water restriction. Testicular and epididymal mass of restricted CF1 animals did not change relative to control mice with ad lib access to water. Seminal vesicle mass decrease in water restricted CF1 males, but spermatogenesis was not significantly influenced. Body mass was reduced 25.4% after water restriction. In contrast, male F4 progeny of wild-caught Mus substantially reduced reproductive organ mass after limited water intake. Spermatogenesis was significantly diminished, but no animals became completely aspermatic. Body mass declined 12.6% in water restricted wild-strain Mus as compared to animals with ad lib water availability. These results are discussed in terms of their possible ecological significance. PMID- 3212062 TI - Amphetamine enhances retrieval following diverse sources of forgetting. AB - The generality of amphetamine-induced retrieval enhancement was investigated by determining whether pretest administration could alleviate different types of forgetting. Thirsty mice were punished for licking a water tube following a period of free drinking. Forgetting of the conditioned drink suppression was induced in different groups of animals by; protein synthesis inhibition, cholinergic receptor blockade, inhibition of norepinephrine synthesis, stimulation of serotonin receptors, electroconvulsive shock, a 2.5 month training to test interval and the use of senescent animals with an endogenous memory defect. Thirty min prior to testing mice were injected with either saline or with 2 mg/kg d-amphetamine sulphate. Results showed that amphetamine produced a highly significant improvement in remembering in all of the forgetting treatment groups. It is concluded that amphetamine can alleviate forgetting caused by widely diverse etiologies probably by activating a nonspecific general retrieval system. PMID- 3212063 TI - Fetal expression of the leg extension response to anogenital stimulation. AB - The leg extension response (LER) is normally exhibited by rat pups in response to maternal anogenital licking. Data in the present report document that (1) LER is elicited by anogenital stimulation of the 20-day-old rat fetus, and (2) fetal LER continues to be expressed following thoracic spinal transection. Prenatal development of the leg extension response anticipates its postnatal function. PMID- 3212064 TI - Effects of food temperature and ambient temperature during a meal on food intake in the rat. AB - Rats kept either at thermoneutrality (29 degrees C) or in the cold (19 degrees C) were fed either at thermoneutrality or in the cold. Rats kept in the cold ingested consistently more food than rats kept at thermoneutrality. Also, independently of nature temperature, rats fed in the cold ingested more food than rats fed at thermoneutrality. There was no interaction between nurture temperature and meal temperature. In a second experiment, rats kept at thermoneutrality were fed food pellets previously warmed or cooled to 12, 29, or 48 degrees C. Food temperature per se had no significant effect on food intake. PMID- 3212065 TI - A method for concurrent local intracranial drug infusion and electrophysiological recording. AB - A method employing a cannula-guidetube system with attached electrodes is described that permits infusions into discrete brain areas and simultaneous recording of multiunits or single units. This method can be used to determine the immediate local effects of drug infusion, and also to acquire electrophysiological feedback information in the process of placement and identification of cell populations at the injection site. PMID- 3212067 TI - [The first fetal movements in the mother's womb]. PMID- 3212069 TI - [Pielegniarka i Polozna in professional advancement]. PMID- 3212068 TI - [Pielegniarka i Polozna in the service of medicine]. PMID- 3212066 TI - Automated acquisition and analysis of animal behavior data utilizing an Apple IIe. AB - A method is described for interfacing an Apple IIe computer to common programming modules which will allow the collection and organization of digitized data into files compatible with readily available statistical packages. The system will thus eliminate the need for manual entry of data for statistical analysis. The required hardware and software developed is discussed in sufficient detail to allow assembly and use by individuals with minimal computer expertise. PMID- 3212070 TI - [Resuscitation]. PMID- 3212075 TI - Genotoxic effects of aristolochic acid in the mouse micronucleus test. PMID- 3212076 TI - Production of the alkaloids emetine and cephaeline in callus cultures of Cephaelis ipecacuanha. PMID- 3212073 TI - Antifertility and hormonal properties of certain carotane sesquiterpenes of Ferula jaeschkeana. PMID- 3212074 TI - Effects of 5,7,2',5'-tetraacetoxy-4-phenylcoumarin in guinea pig tracheal preparations. PMID- 3212078 TI - Northalibroline: a new bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from Thalictrum minus var. minus. PMID- 3212077 TI - Tigliane-type diterpene esters from Synadenium grantii. PMID- 3212071 TI - Neuropharmacological studies on Mikania cordata root extract. PMID- 3212072 TI - Neuropharmacological activity of extracts from Passiflora incarnata. PMID- 3212080 TI - Ervayunine: a new indole alkaloid from Ervatamia yunnanensis. PMID- 3212081 TI - Lupin alkaloids; I. Reinvestigation of the structure of N-methylalbine. PMID- 3212079 TI - [Tilitriandrin: a new bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tiliacora triandra]. PMID- 3212082 TI - 9-O-demethylmaritidine: a new alkaloid from Narcissus radinganorum. PMID- 3212083 TI - Alkaloidal constituents of Erythrina variegata bark. PMID- 3212084 TI - Cardiac glycosides from the seeds of Digitalis cariensis. PMID- 3212085 TI - The essential oil of Hyptis pectinata. PMID- 3212086 TI - Unusual norhomoditerpenes and other constituents from Kyrsteniopsis dibollii. PMID- 3212087 TI - Isobyakangelicin angelate; a novel furanocoumarin from Peucedanum palustre. PMID- 3212088 TI - Epicuticular flavonoids from Encelia. PMID- 3212089 TI - Volatile constituents of Eugenia uniflora leaf oil. PMID- 3212090 TI - Enhanced potency of a molluscicidal glycoside isolated from Tetrapleura tetraptera on Biomphalaria glabrata. PMID- 3212091 TI - Alkaloids and coumarins from the roots of Ruta chalepensis var. latifolia. PMID- 3212093 TI - New sesquiterpenoids from Chrysanthemum indicum var. tuneful. PMID- 3212096 TI - Short lectures and posters. 36th annual congress of the Society for Medicinal Plant Research. Freiburg, 12-16 September 1988. PMID- 3212095 TI - Structural transformation of geniposide, gardenoside, and related compounds in rat gastrointestinal contents. PMID- 3212094 TI - Isolation of amentoflavone from Ginkgo biloba. PMID- 3212097 TI - [HIV infection: neuropsychiatric symptoms]. AB - Basing on the actual publications, the most important neurological and psychopathological symptoms of HIV-infection are systematically reported. Opportunistic infections are producing important neurological symptoms. A case of Cryptococcus neoformans-Infection of the brain is described. PMID- 3212092 TI - Alkaloids of Siparuna pauciflora. PMID- 3212100 TI - Object relations theory in clinical practice. PMID- 3212098 TI - [Assessment of normal values in 5- to 9-year-old children with the Kurth motometric Rostock-Oseretzky Scale]. AB - 197 children, from 5.0 to 9.0, were subjected to testing by the Rostock-Oseretzki scale. By calculation in the customary manner, the age-group 5.0 to 7.0 was found to achieve an MQ result of 115, the age-group 7.1 to 9.0 one of 130. Furthermore, an association between individual motometric tests and findings in the area of child neurology and function was established. PMID- 3212099 TI - Object relations theory in clinical practice. AB - This paper outlines the psychoanalytic techniques derived from ego psychology object relations theory. It stresses the centrality of affects to interpretation and describes how the focus on dominant object relations in the transference modifies the economic, dynamic, and structural criteria for interpretation. Clinical examples illustrate this technique across a broad spectrum of psychopathology. The technique for genetic constructions and reconstructions in the transference is described, and this approach is contrasted with other object relations theories. Finally, the application of this approach to countertransference and dream analysis is summarized. PMID- 3212102 TI - The limitations of the object relations model. AB - The position expressed in this paper is that there is no drive without object, and no object relationship except in the context of the drives. If primacy is to be attributed to any of the factors involved in mental functioning, it should be to the workings of the pleasure-unpleasure principle; the latter cannot be conceived as independent of the realm of the drives. A clinical case is presented in order to demonstrate why and to what extent it can be severely restrictive to attribute ultimate motivating primacy to a hypothetical object-seeking tendency conceived of as operating outside the sphere of the drives. PMID- 3212101 TI - From the archaic matrix of the oedipus complex to the fully developed oedipus complex. Theoretical perspective in relation to clinical experience and technique. AB - The opposition between the "archaic matrix of the oedipus complex" and the fully developed oedipus complex leads the author to compare two distinct types of patients: those who do not conform to the neurotic model (patients who probably witnessed and were the victims of disintegration of the family and the effacement of the father's image) and the neurotic patient for whom Freud's discovery was intended. The consequences of differences of organization specific to each type of patient are numerous. This study restricts itself to examining the different mode of interpretation in each case, although the choice of this does not depend solely upon the analyst, since interpretation is the product of the encounter between patient and analyst. PMID- 3212103 TI - The developmental context of internalized preoedipal object relations. Clinical applications of Mahler's theory of symbiosis and separation-individuation. AB - Mahler's theory of symbiosis and separation-individuation demonstrates the essential unity of drive, ego, and object relations psychologies. By highlighting the role that early dyadic relations play in psychic structure formation, her theory expands the understanding of human psychic development and its failures. This paper reviews Mahler's propositions and underscores their clinical importance by describing two cases where much preoedipal reconstructive work preceded the emergence of an analyzable oedipal transference neurosis. PMID- 3212104 TI - The centrality of the psychoanalytic setting and the changing aims of treatment. A perspective from a theory of object relations. AB - The psychoanalytic setting, which includes the bond between analysand and analyst, is the foundation of psychoanalytic treatment. This object tie, although in the here and now, and "real", is demarcated from ordinary life and can be thought of as existing within a different level of reality. The psychoanalytic setting is subject to symbolic transformations that enable non-specific developmental conflicts to be worked through. I have described this transformation as the "dependent/containing transference," which I have compared and contrasted to the highly variegated and specific "iconic" transference (transference neurosis). This view of the psychoanalytic setting leads the analyst to pay special attention to problems of entrustment and safety and to the communicative process that regulates the closeness and distance between the two participants. PMID- 3212106 TI - Object relations in clinical practice. AB - Analysts need to have a theory of object relations at the back of their minds while actually analyzing, but they also need to rediscover this theory constantly in their work with patients. This process of rediscovery depends, I suggest, upon analysts focusing attention not only on what is being communicated by words but on what is being lived out, however subtly, in the transference. This, in itself, can help in reconstructing dynamically something of the patient's history. These issues are discussed in relation to Melanie Klein's theory of object relations and are illustrated with clinical material. PMID- 3212105 TI - The indivisibility of Freudian object relations and drive theories. AB - The term "object relations theory" has little meaning unless placed in a context. Left unmodified, it applies to a variety of contradictory theories, many of which leave out or diminish other metapsychological points of view. This paper utilizes an account of an "ordinary" analysand's life and treatment as a context for the close examination of one session, also "ordinary," and undramatic, in order to demonstrate by example the usefulness of the psychoanalytic theory of drives in indivisible relationship with the psychoanalytic theory of object relations which, in turn, are related to all of the other metapsychological points of view. PMID- 3212108 TI - The clinical popularity of object relations concepts. AB - Object relations theory has the effect of supporting the psychoanalyst when he feels that the patient's effort is strongly opposed to his own. The current popularity of object relations theory may be related to the gradual disappearance from Freudian theory of a simple, clear image of an obligatory insistence by the patient that is useful even though it is unreflective. Object relations theory offers the practitioner a way of fortifying himself against blind demand, while newer Freudian theorists cope with the problem by orienting themselves more stringently toward the original paradigm of optional choice. PMID- 3212109 TI - The moral justification of suicide in suicide notes. PMID- 3212110 TI - Career orientations and psychological burnout in teachers. PMID- 3212107 TI - Misrecognitions and the fear of not knowing. AB - A form of pathological internal object relationship is described that timelessly perpetuates the infant's subjective experience of the mother's difficulty in recognizing and responding to her infant's internal state. The individual identifies with both the mother and the infant in this internal object relationship and experiences intense anxiety and despair in relation to his efforts at knowing what he is feeling and therefore of knowing who he is. Substitute formations are utilized to create the illusion that the individual knows what he feels. PMID- 3212111 TI - Smoking behavior and anger. PMID- 3212112 TI - Test-retest reliability of Battle's Anxiety Scale for Children. PMID- 3212114 TI - Oral character and attitudes and behavior related to food and eating. PMID- 3212113 TI - Phenylketonuria: implications of initial serum phenylalanine levels on cognitive development. PMID- 3212115 TI - A conjugal curriculum vitae method: behavioral assessment and treatment of marital problems. PMID- 3212116 TI - Sex-role egalitarianism, feminism, and sexual identity. PMID- 3212117 TI - Intelligence and emotional/behavioral factors as correlates of achievement in child psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 3212118 TI - Conflict situations in the elderly. PMID- 3212119 TI - The female inmate: gender schema and institutional career phase. PMID- 3212120 TI - Correlates of empathy and cognitive style in early adolescence. PMID- 3212121 TI - Assessing premenstrual syndrome using the premenstrual experience assessment. PMID- 3212123 TI - Fetal sex identification and prenatal bonding. PMID- 3212122 TI - Death anxiety and attitudes toward hospice care. PMID- 3212124 TI - An empirical investigation of the latent content of suicide notes. PMID- 3212125 TI - Behavioral social work: results of a national survey on graduate curricula. PMID- 3212126 TI - Using personal and family variates to predict patients' adjustment after stroke. PMID- 3212127 TI - Hassles as a measure of stress in a Japanese sample: preliminary research. PMID- 3212128 TI - Did the American Psychological Association misrepresent scientific material to the US Supreme Court? PMID- 3212129 TI - Concurrent validation of the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory among Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. PMID- 3212130 TI - Factor structure for Child Behavior Checklist scores of young boys in St. Louis. PMID- 3212131 TI - Examining 16 PF scores for male felons in a reception and diagnostic center: Part II. Cross-validating four-point codes. PMID- 3212132 TI - The Love/Hate Checklist: a further report. PMID- 3212133 TI - Eating Attitude Test scores in relation to weight, socioeconomic status, and family stability. PMID- 3212134 TI - The reliability and validity of clinical grading in dental education. PMID- 3212135 TI - Research note on racially based audience-centered anxiety. PMID- 3212136 TI - Intellectual ability and educational achievement as predictors of patients' defensiveness. PMID- 3212137 TI - Effect of exposure to sexually explicit homoerotic material on aggressiveness and homophobia in heterosexual college students. PMID- 3212138 TI - Effects on homophobia of viewing a gay-themed film. PMID- 3212139 TI - Objective and subjective factors in estimating life expectancy. PMID- 3212140 TI - Work-stress burnout among paramedics. PMID- 3212141 TI - Relation between coping style and Barron's Ego Strength Scale. PMID- 3212142 TI - The Love/Hate Checklist: a preliminary report. PMID- 3212143 TI - One-session worksite smoking-cessation and discouragement. PMID- 3212144 TI - Interest patterns among Vietnam-era veterans. PMID- 3212145 TI - Utility of the Gd scale for the measurement of Gender-Dysphoria in males. PMID- 3212146 TI - Hemispheric differences for feature perception. PMID- 3212147 TI - Has the time come to rehabilitate Gestalt theory? PMID- 3212148 TI - In defense of the advance specification hypothesis for motor control. PMID- 3212149 TI - Reduction and elimination of the Poggendorff misalignment effect by minor changes at intersections: implications for the perceptual-compromise explanation. PMID- 3212151 TI - A continuous attention test for the assessment of the acute behavioral effects of drugs. PMID- 3212150 TI - Antidepressants and human memory: an investigation of four drugs with different sedative and anticholinergic profiles. AB - The effects on memory and psychomotor functions of four antidepressants which differ in sedative and anticholinergic properties were assessed. Amitriptyline (37.5, 70 mg), trazodone (100, 200 mg) viloxazine (100, 200 mg), protriptyline (10, 20 mg) or placebo were administered in a double blind, independent groups design in which 90 subjects participated. Subjects completed a battery of tests before and 2 and 4 h after drug administration. The different antidepressants produced different patterns of effects across tasks. The relatively non-sedating compounds viloxazine and protriptyline produced very similar profiles and did not impair psychomotor or memory functions. In contrast, the two more sedative antidepressants produced global impairments on test of attention, manual motor speed, recording skills and primary memory. Although both amitriptyline and trazodone impaired performance on episodic memory tasks, the effect of amitriptyline was significantly greater and this may reflect specific anticholinergic action over and above global sedative effects. PMID- 3212152 TI - A pilot study of managed lithium discontinuation. PMID- 3212153 TI - Lorazepam vs. alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorder. PMID- 3212154 TI - The effects of diazepam and aging on intrusions. PMID- 3212155 TI - Effects of methylphenidate on achievement in hyperactive children with reading disorders. PMID- 3212156 TI - The reliability of a shortened version of the SCL-90. PMID- 3212158 TI - Patterns of previous drug abuse in patients presenting with postpsychotic depression. PMID- 3212157 TI - Tardive and withdrawal dyskinesia in autistic children: a prospective study. PMID- 3212159 TI - Clozapine withdrawal rebound psychosis. PMID- 3212160 TI - Patterns of response to amitriptyline and haloperidol among borderline patients. PMID- 3212162 TI - Current status and prospects for NIMH research training support in clinical experimental psychopharmacology. PMID- 3212161 TI - Clozapine efficacy in schizophrenic nonresponders. PMID- 3212163 TI - Clinical research training in psychopharmacology--context and climate: notes from the chairman's perspective. PMID- 3212164 TI - The recruitment and training of psychiatric residents for research. PMID- 3212166 TI - Research training in psychiatry: considerations at the preresidency level. PMID- 3212165 TI - Postresidency research training of psychiatrists. PMID- 3212167 TI - Training psychiatric residents for careers as clinical investigators in psychopharmacology: survey and comments. PMID- 3212168 TI - [Manifest dream content of anorexia and bulimia patients--an intermediate report]. PMID- 3212169 TI - [Analyst interventions within the context of interaction and the whole session]. PMID- 3212171 TI - [Management of hospital per diem insurance in inpatient psychotherapy]. PMID- 3212170 TI - [Representation of interactional configurations using process-accompanying semantic differentials]. PMID- 3212172 TI - [Structure and fantasy]. PMID- 3212173 TI - [Comments on the psychodynamics of delusions of family origin]. PMID- 3212174 TI - [We and our patient--the "temporal symbiosis" of the psychiatrist with his patients]. PMID- 3212175 TI - [Autosomal dominant hereditary polycystic kidney disease--the attitude of persons at risk to early diagnosis]. PMID- 3212176 TI - [Movement patterns of psychosomatic patients in dance therapy]. PMID- 3212177 TI - Iridium implants. PMID- 3212178 TI - The bicipital groove: a simple technique. PMID- 3212179 TI - Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity. AB - This paper gives a small sample of patients suffering from a rare disease which makes statistically significant conclusions impossible to draw. However, there are some observations that can be made. 1. The natural history of this disease appears to include early metastatic spread. However, regional lymph node metastases seem to be uncommon. 2. Surgery plays an essential role in treatment but used alone is possibly insufficient for the control of local disease as local recurrence is a major problem. 3. Post-operative radiotherapy improved local control and the time to recurrence was delayed. This meant an improved quality of life for some of our patients. 4. Metastatic bone disease treated for symptomatic relief showed radiotherapy and DTIC to be of value for pain relief and tumour regression. 5. As with other malignant melanomas, prognosis and treatment choice may be more accurately determined if the depth of invasion is known. This factor may well account for the varied disease-free survival intervals. 6. Mucosal malignant melanomas behave differently from cutaneous malignant melanomas. PMID- 3212180 TI - Colocolic fistula in diverticulitis. PMID- 3212181 TI - Standards required for HDCR level. PMID- 3212182 TI - The acromioclavicular joint: an alternative view. PMID- 3212183 TI - Peroneal tenography. PMID- 3212184 TI - Aortic and mitral valvuloplasty. PMID- 3212186 TI - [Imaging technics and organ transplantation]. PMID- 3212185 TI - Korner statistics. PMID- 3212187 TI - Radiology in cutaneous sinuses and fistulae. AB - In patients with cutaneous openings, sinography and fistulography are usually performed. Fistulae in the head/neck region and perineum are seldom life threatening while enterocutaneous fistulae involving the small bowel can be a serious threat due to loss of fluid. Radiology contributes to the preoperative examination of these patients. Fistulography outlines communications to the gastrointestinal tract, pleura, joints and other underlying crucial structures. Involved bowel segments are further demonstrated with barium examination. PMID- 3212188 TI - [The patella-nail syndrome. Study of 2 families]. AB - The radiological and clinical features of two families with a nail-patella syndrome are described. Our findings emphasize the varying expressivity of the syndrome, which has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and a penetrance of 100%. It is important for the radiologist to be aware of the syndrome's stigmata so that renal failure can be detected as early as possible after the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia. PMID- 3212189 TI - [Literature search in data banks using a video recording system]. AB - It is now easy to search from any site for literature stored in large databases. This article describes the possibility of retrieving literature from the database maintained at the Deutsches Institut fur medizinische Dokumentation und Information (DIMDI) by means of a personal computer and BTX. PMID- 3212191 TI - HIV patient photographed: nurse sued. Case in point: Anderson v. Strong Memorial Hosp. (531 N.Y.S. 2d 735--NY 1988). PMID- 3212190 TI - [Punctate osteosclerosis of the tibial shaft. Campanacci's osteofibrous bone dysplasia of the left tibia]. PMID- 3212192 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. FL.: conflicting policy: unemployment benefits; N.Y.: Poor nursing practice: $250,000 verdict. PMID- 3212194 TI - [John Gedo's disagreement with Kohut]. PMID- 3212193 TI - E.R. patient commits suicide: nurse sued. Case in point: Keebler v. Winfield Carraway Hosp. (531 So. 2d 841--AL 1988). PMID- 3212195 TI - [Flying on one's back. Thrills with the computer]. PMID- 3212196 TI - [Dangers of characterology]. PMID- 3212197 TI - Advances in psychosomatic medicine. PMID- 3212198 TI - Prevalence of polyuria among chronically psychotic men. PMID- 3212199 TI - Psychiatric diagnosis in the medical discharge summary as a measure of consultation outcome. PMID- 3212200 TI - [Comparison of various pharmacological and conventional methods of increasing the effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis. I. Intraperitoneal or intravenous use of furosemide during intermittent peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3212201 TI - [Preventive administration of antibiotics before cesarean section conducted after premature rupture of fetal membranes]. PMID- 3212202 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of increased calciuria in patients with chronic diseases of the digestive system and vitamin D deficiency during ultraviolet therapy]. PMID- 3212204 TI - [Errors in expert testimony]. PMID- 3212203 TI - [Evaluation of the nature and dynamics of changes in hemostasis in myocardial infarct. I. Antithrombin III and endogenous heparin activities]. PMID- 3212206 TI - [Long-term survival after the second and subsequent chemotherapies in 2 cases of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3212205 TI - [Deletions of long arms of chromosome 5 (5q-)]. PMID- 3212207 TI - Selective attention, visual laterality, awareness, and perceiving the meaning of parafoveally presented words. PMID- 3212208 TI - Anxiety and the allocation of attention to threat. PMID- 3212209 TI - Semantic priming without awareness: some methodological considerations and replications. PMID- 3212210 TI - Spatial coding in the processing of anaphor by good and poor readers: evidence from eye movement analyses. PMID- 3212211 TI - The topology of performance curves during 72 hours of sleep loss: a memory and search task. PMID- 3212212 TI - Deafness, spelling and rhyme: how spelling supports written word and picture rhyming skills in deaf subjects. PMID- 3212213 TI - Probabilistic judgements in deluded and non-deluded subjects. PMID- 3212214 TI - Insensitivity to stimulus validity in human Pavlovian conditioning. PMID- 3212216 TI - Computer simulation of ventricular wall motion using the finite element method. AB - To investigate how changes in the mechanical characteristics of the myocardium caused by cardiac diseases affect ventricular wall motion, a new computer program to simulate wall motion using the finite element method has been developed. A simple two-dimensional finite element model of the left ventricle is designed with an idealized tension-length curve applied to each element. Pathological changes in the ischemic process are induced in a certain portion of the model to make it possible to evaluate the relationship between the type and degree of changes and abnormal ventricular wall motion (i.e., hypokinesis, akinesis, and dyskinesis). Assumption of plastic deformation at the affected site of the model reproduced the genesis of a ventricular aneurysm. The model is then transformed into a three-dimensional wire frame structure, and the results can viewed from any perspective. These simulations enable the semiquantitative comprehension of cardiac wall motion without need for complicated physiological experiments and may be applied to human cardiac motion in combination with data obtained from cardiac scintigraphy, echocardiography, ventriculography, or cine-CT. PMID- 3212215 TI - Interventional angiographic partial nephrectomy for idiopathic massive renal bleeding. AB - In a patient with idiopatic massive renal bleeding in which dominant abnormal findings could not be identified even by various diagnostic imaging methods, we selectively infused absolute ethanol and a stainless steel coil into one of the renal arteries to stop bleeding. CT two weeks after arterial embolization revealed the infarcted area in the lower pole of kidney. There was no evidence of hypertension or renal failure secondary to artificial renal infarction. PMID- 3212217 TI - Time course of development of metastasis in irradiated Lewis lung carcinoma: relationship between primary tumor volume and metastasis. AB - The influence of local irradiation on the development of metastases and primary tumor volume was studied in Lewis lung carcinoma growing intramuscularly in the hind leg of C57BL/6 mice. The time course of development of metastases was determined from the size of the lung colonies at autopsy by determining the growth rate of the colonies. Irradiation within five days after tumor cell injection inhibited the incidence of metastases in accordance with irradiation dose. For irradiation more than seven days after the injection, promotion of metastases was observed around the time of the experiment as a function of irradiation dose and tumor volume. After the irradiation phase, the development of metastases was inhibited in accordance with radiation dose. When delay in metastasis was defined as additional days needed to develop two or ten colonies compared with controls, the relationship between delay and dose was linear. At the regrowth phase of the primary tumor, the incidence of metastases from the irradiated tumor was reduced in comparison with that from unirradiated tumors of the same size. Inhibition of metastases was observed only at 5 Gy and showed slight dose-dependency. Mechanisms in the development of metastases as they related to these findings are also discussed. PMID- 3212219 TI - Patients will benefit from your expanded knowledge. PMID- 3212218 TI - Techniques for management of vulvar cancer by irradiation alone. AB - Vulvar cancer has traditionally been managed surgically, rather than by means of irradiation, because of the poor tolerance of the vulvar skin and mucous membranes to X-ray treatment. The use of moderate dose (4,000 rad) external-beam radiotherapy (EXRT) combined with two interstitial 192iridium endocurietherapy (ECT) applications of 2,500 rad to 3,000 rad allows delivery of an adequate tumoricidal dose (9,000 rad to 10,000 rad total dose) without producing radiation vulvitis. Irradiation is an effective alternate means of treatment in elderly patients who are medically unfit for radical vulvectomy and lymphadenectomy. It also provides an alternative to surgery for those patients who desire preservation of the genitourinary anatomy. PMID- 3212220 TI - All for one, one for all. PMID- 3212221 TI - Hygienists wanted. PMID- 3212222 TI - Dental material revolution. PMID- 3212223 TI - New approach to an old subject. PMID- 3212224 TI - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health. Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, Human Gene Therapy Subcommittee. Minutes of conference call, September 29, 1988. PMID- 3212225 TI - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health. Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, Subcommittee on International Projects. Minutes of meeting, August 15, 1988. PMID- 3212226 TI - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health. Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee. Minutes of meeting, June 3, 1988. PMID- 3212227 TI - [X-ray dosimetry using SAMOS type read-only memory]. AB - An X-ray dosimeter has been investigated with the use of a PROM of a SAMOS (stacked gate avalanche injection type MOS) structure. The SAMOS is employed as a memory IC. The SAMOS is different from a FAMOS (floating gate avalanche injection type MOS) in the presence of a control gate, with the use of this electrode, the analog amount of electrical charge accumulated in the floating gate can be measured. The X-ray dose can be determined by decreasing the amount of electron injected into floating gate by avalanche effect through X-ray irradiation. This dosimeter shows good linearity and flat energy response. The dosimeter has no effect on fading. PMID- 3212228 TI - [An analysis of regional ventilation in pulmonary sarcoidosis by inspired 133Xe washout test]. AB - Xenon-133 ventilation study were used to measure regional ventilation in seven patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and in four normal subjects. For the purpose of analyzing the washout curves on the whole lungs, two ventilation indexes were calculated, which were TA/H and T1/2. TA/H is that the area under the curve divided by the difference in mean count rate during equilibrium and at 120 s after washout started. T1/2 value represents the time required to 50% of the mean count rate during equilibrium. The average time of TA/H on the whole lung was 13.5 +/- 1.1 s in normal subjects (n = 4), 13.0 +/- 4.3 s in stage I (bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy without lung involvement on chest X-ray) sarcoidosis (n = 3), 21.3 +/- 1.8 s in stages I, II (lung involvement) sarcoidosis (n = 4). The average time of T1/2 on the whole lung was 43.7 +/- 4.7 s in normal subjects, 42.3 +/- 16.0 s in stagel sarcoidosis, 72.5 +/- 28.6 s stages II, III sarcoidosis. The ventilation indexes on the regional lungs showed almost a similar tendency to that on the whole lung. The ventilation indexes in patients with stage II, III sarcoidosis were significantly longer than in normal subjects and in patients with stage I sarcoidosis. It was suggested that 133Xe washout test might detect regional ventilation abnormalities which were not recognized on chest X-ray in pulmonary sarcoidosis. PMID- 3212229 TI - [Detection of varicocele by using 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid human serum albumin (99mTc-DTPA human serum albumin)]. AB - In order to detect the varicocele, scrotal scintigraphies by using 99mTc-HSA-D were performed in 14 patients with male infertile or palpable mass in left scrotum on physical examinations. Abnormal pooling of 99mTc-HSA-D, indicative of varicocele lesion, could be found in left scrotum in 9 cases, confirmed surgically or clinically. Compared with 99mTc-HSA, 99mTc-HSA-D was superior in high uptake ratio of varicocele to soft tissue and in nonvisualization of bladder. Thus, 99mTc-HSA-D scrotal scintigraphy seemed to be of a great use to detect the varicocele. PMID- 3212231 TI - [Fundamental study of the influence of pixel size on the quality of scintigrams]. AB - The effect of pixel size on image quality was investigated. The image quality was examined by abnormality detection and image preference for clinical images displayed with different pixel sizes. Smaller pixel size was found to be superior to large one in image quality using large field of gamma camera (FWHM 6.42 mm), 1.6mm pixel size (a 256 x 256 matrix) was found to be the best in image quality. Examined image minification effect, 3.2 mm pixel size (image size: 5 cm phi) was found to be superior to 1.6 mm pixel size (image size: 10 cm phi) in image preference and to be almost equal to 1.6 pixel size in abnormality detection. PMID- 3212230 TI - Evaluation by using radionuclide uptake of bone in Paget's disease of bone: special reference to treatment with calcitonin. AB - Bone scintigraphy using 99mTc-MDP was performed on 2 patients with Paget's disease of bone before and after the treatment with a synthetic eel calcitonin analogue [Asu1,7)-eel calcitonin, ECT] at a dose of 40 U per day. All pagetic lesions showed markedly the increased accumulation of the radionuclide. The uptake ratio, defined as the count rate of 99mTc-MDP over each bone lesion to that over the control bone, was calculated. The response to the calcitonin therapy was evaluated with the uptake ratio of the radionuclide. The uptake ratio decreased markedly within the first 3 months of the treatment, in association with a palliation of bone pain, while the serum alkaline phosphatase activities which had been within the normal range or slightly high before the treatment did not show any significant change or did not reflect a clinical feature (e.g. bone pain) with the treatment. Thus, the uptake ratio on the bone scintigram seemed to offer the most sensitive and most reliable information for the evaluation of calcitonin treatment of Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 3212232 TI - [Clinical evaluation of immunoglobulin-E radioimmunoassay kit]. AB - An IgE RIA kit (Sandwich method; Dainabott), is used to obtain the following results. (1) Standard curve: Since the range of reproduction rate show 3.16-7.07% (C.V.), the curve become steep. (2) Incubations under controlled situation: Both of the incubations are controlled at 15-30 degrees C for 2 h. (3) Reproducibility test: Coefficients of variation (C.V.) of intra-assay and inter-assay variation are 2.32-3.94% and 2.92-3.92% respectively. (4) Recovery test: A result of the recovery test range between 100.1-101.7%. (5) Dilution test: Multiple dilution effects are observed. (6) Average counts of the serum IgE for the controlled and diseased groups: The average counts of the serum IgE for the controlled group, atopic diseased group, allergic rhinitis group and allergic bronchial asthma are 144.9 +/- 183.2 IU/ml, 1,099.0 +/- 2,782.4 IU/ml, 1,150.9 +/- 2,063.3 IU/ml and 600.7 +/- 686.4 IU/ml respectively. The value of the diseased groups have tendency to show higher averages than the controlled group. Since the controlled and diseased groups show wide distributions of the serum IgE level, there is no significant difference of two variations. However the diseased groups have tendency to show higher ratio of the serum IgE level in blood than the controlled groups. These basic researches are quite meaningful, because they are able to apply for a supplemental diagnosis of the atopic and parasitic disease. PMID- 3212233 TI - [Experiment on effects of gamma-ray, laser and alternating magnetic field to ram semen]. PMID- 3212234 TI - [Percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung. Critical review of 496 cases]. AB - Between February 1979 and December 1986, 618 lung biopsies were performed on 496 patients (122 with double puncture, using Tru-cut and 19-20 G needles). Overall diagnostic accuracy was 84.5%; the 77 patients examined in the past 18 months only underwent thin needle (19-20 G) biopsies--which were carried out by an experienced radiologist--and more sophisticated cyto-histological techniques were employed. Such a procedure gave better results (sensitivity 94.1%, accuracy 94.8%) than did the use of larger caliber needles in the past years; moreover, no complications occurred in these patients. In conclusion, 19-20 G needles are to be preferred to bigger ones, provided that the operator be experienced and cyto histology be correctly performed. PMID- 3212235 TI - [Percutaneous nephrostomy. A 5-year experience]. AB - The authors report their experience with percutaneous nephrostomy in the treatment of acute renal failure due to ureteral obstruction. One hundred and forty-three patients were treated with the positioning of 218 percutaneous nephrostomy catheters under fluoroscopic guidance. If performed as soon as possible, this percutaneous diversion provides a rapid improvement in renal function and allows an accurate staging of the lesion, as well as correct therapeutic indications. In many cases of urinary obstruction interventional radiology procedures represent a valid and successful alternative to more invasive palliative surgery. PMID- 3212236 TI - [Personnel exposure in intraoperative biliary radiology]. AB - The diffusion of percutaneous procedures under fluoroscopic guidance has raised the question of excessive radiation exposure to the patient and to the interventional radiology personnel. In order to give an answer to this question we prospectively evaluated the radiation doses received by the operator's hands, lens, thyroid, and gonads during 243 percutaneous cholangiographies and transhepatic biliary drainages. The absorbed dose was measured with calibrated lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters applied to the skin (hands, neck, forehead, and gonads). The range of absorbed doses to the four areas was: from 0.013 to 0.219 mGy for the hands, from 0.011 to 0.027 mGy for the thyroid, from 0.007 to 0.019 mGy for the lens; the gonads dose was not measurable due to the dosimeter being placed behind the lead apron. The radiation dose employed during our biliary interventional procedures is higher than that of selective visceral angiography, but lower than that of PTA. On the basis of our data, a radiologist could perform about 2777 PTCs, or 1718 percutaneous biliary drainages, per annum, without exceeding the ICRP dose limits. PMID- 3212237 TI - [Digital radiography using light-emitting detectors. Operative principles and characteristics of images]. AB - This paper briefly describes the technical features of a digital radiographic system based on the principle of scanning laser stimulated luminescence. Such aspects as the physics of the stimulable phosphor detector are dealt with, and image acquisition, processing, and hard-copy output. Automatic analysis of pixel histograms is described, in a qualitative way, together with contrast modifications and spatial filtering. Physical image characteristics are reported. The overall performance of digital radiography is examined, together with the current requirements and its eventual developments. PMID- 3212238 TI - [Radiology of the foot in chronic alcoholism]. AB - The authors have reviewed the radiographic patterns of the foot in 28 patients affected by neuropathic joint disease complicating alcoholism, out of a series of 82 chronic alcoholic patients. Sixteen of them were also affected by diabetes mellitus. On the basis of X-ray findings, lesions were divided into three groups, reflecting the evolution of the disease: 1) early changes, especially affecting the soft tissues and joints; 2) definite lesions, consisting of fractures, osteolysis, bone destruction and amputation, periarticular debris; 3) "healing" signs, simulating degenerative joint disease, which cause severe and weakening deformities. Tabes dorsalis and diabetic osteoarthropathy must be differentiated from alcohol-induced syndrome. Even though a correct differential diagnosis is often difficult to reach, it must be kept in mind that focal/diffuse osteopenia is the most characteristic manifestation of alcoholic osteopathy, whereas different radiographic findings simulate chronic degenerative arthropathies. PMID- 3212239 TI - [Role of magnetic resonance in acute capsular-ligamentous pathology of the knee]. AB - Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging was employed to evaluate musculoskeletal pathoanatomy, and proved to be extremely useful in characterizing knee pathology. Between October 1986 and November 1987, 24 patients with suspected traumatic ligament injuries were examined with high resolution MR imaging in the RMRC diagnostic center, Naples, with a 0.5 T superconducting magnet (5000 Magniscan CGR) using a surface coil and a 500/28 (repetition time: TR: ms/echo time: TE ms), 1200-1600/35-105 spin-echo pulse sequence. Nineteen patients with positive MR imaging exams underwent diagnostic and/or therapeutic arthroscopy. Arthroscopy confirmed MR diagnosis in the whole of cases. In 6 patients with negative MR findings no arthroscopy followed and the patients' successful outcome confirmed the accuracy of MR negative predictive value. Such results prove MR imaging to have a high diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of acute joint injuries of the knee. Moreover, MR imaging--an uninvasive screening technique--appears to have high potentials for the evaluation of those cases where diagnostic arthroscopy is not required. PMID- 3212241 TI - [Radiological aspects of intestinal lipomas]. AB - The radiological detection of intestinal lipomas is not unusual; however, in depth studies of their radiological features have never been carried out, so far. Eighteen cases of intestinal lipoma were observed, out of different clinical histories. Through a careful survey of these cases, the authors describe the semiological characteristics of the lipomas, which were studied with radiographic contrast examinations of the small intestine and colon. In most cases the characteristics of the mass and--when present--the even more revealing features of its pedicle allowed the identification of such expansive lesions as lipomas. In some lesions detected by means of conventional methods CT proved extremely useful in diagnosing the nature of the lipomas. Such a diagnosis is extremely useful for it allows extensive surgery to be avoided and replaced with less extensive procedures--e.g. endoscopic removal of the lesion, or no specific treatment at all. PMID- 3212240 TI - [Radiological criteria of the evaluation of prosthetic hip implants]. AB - The radiographic criteria are described for the evaluation of total hip replacement. The authors' purpose is to uniform all different parameters for a correct long-term radiographic follow-up. The basic radiographic parameters are pointed out for the assessment of eventual loosening/wearing out of prosthetic material: 1) correct positioning of the acetabular and femoral components; 2) initial wearing of the plastic; 3) state of the bone-cement, bone-implant attachments. These criteria represent the base for a prognostic evaluation of the implant, for they allow the quantification of the radiographic changes (sinking, demarcations, fractures of cement, loosening etc.) during time. PMID- 3212242 TI - [Evaluation of parietal infiltration in carcinoma of the bladder: comparison of MR imaging, CT and histology]. AB - Twenty-two patients with bladder carcinoma were examined by MR imaging and CT to determine the degree of parietal involvement. The results were then compared with the surgical and histological findings. A classification in CT and MR stages was elaborated in order to supply corresponding models to clinical TNM staging. Three groups were thus formed, corresponding to the evolutive phases of the tumor. The first MR group included T1-T2 forms (accuracy: 75%); the second group included T3a forms (accuracy: 75%), and the third T3b-T4 forms (accuracy: 90%). Overall MR accuracy was 81.81%. The first CT group included T1 forms (acc. 71.42%), the second group T2-T3a forms (acc. 60%), and the third group included T3b-T4 forms (acc. 90%). Overall CT accuracy was 77.27%. MR imaging proved thus more accurate than CT in the staging of bladder tumors, especially thanks to its allowing deep muscular involvement to be assessed. PMID- 3212244 TI - [Colloid cysts of the third ventricle. Description of 3 cases diagnosed by CT]. PMID- 3212243 TI - [Postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of breast tumors. Evaluation of a 5 year case series]. AB - Between January 1981 and December 1985, 364 female patients underwent surgical treatment for breast cancer in Mestre General Hospital. The pathological stage of the disease was stage I in 60 patients, stage II in 215 patients, stage III A in 30 patients, stage III B in 44 patients and stage IV in 15 patients. The patients with T1-T2 N0 lesions located in the outer quadrants received no additional treatment after surgery, while the others received adjuvant therapy. The patients with stage-IV disease (M+) were treated with chemo and/or hormonotherapy. All patients were followed for an average of 33 months up to December 1986 (range 1 71 months). Local-regional relapses developed in 17 patients, 15 on the chest wall and 2 in the drainage lymph nodes (only 7 within the previously-treated area). A 5-year actuarial survival rate was observed of about 78%, and 66% of relapse-free survival, in the whole group of patients (100% and 92% in stage I; 92.5% and 76% in stage II; 51% and 33% in stage III A; 32% and 19% in stage III B; 31% in stage IV, respectively). As far as our series of patients is concerned, the massive involvement of axillary lymph nodes seems to be the most adverse prognostic factor in survival rates. Even though the short follow-up does not allow definitive conclusions to be drawn, the authors believe such loco-regional treatments as surgery and radiation therapy to be extremely important in the local control of breast cancers, as well as in the patients' survival in the long run. PMID- 3212245 TI - [Atypical pulmonary sequestration with severe hemoptysis. Role of therapeutic embolization]. PMID- 3212248 TI - [Clinical study of dementia]. PMID- 3212247 TI - [Ogilvie's syndrome: description of 2 cases]. PMID- 3212246 TI - [Demonstration of the value of iron as an organ-specific contrast medium in magnetic resonance of the liver. A case]. PMID- 3212249 TI - [Clinical infections due to Streptococcus intermedius]. PMID- 3212250 TI - [Thalamic hematoma. Analysis of a series of 40 cases]. PMID- 3212251 TI - [Ischemic hepatitis: description of 11 cases]. PMID- 3212253 TI - [Evaluation of the mental state of the elderly patient]. PMID- 3212252 TI - [Association of cavitated pulmonary nodules and pansinusitis]. PMID- 3212254 TI - [Relation of patients and students during clinical training. A study of the hospital activity of the surgical undergraduate]. PMID- 3212255 TI - [Nervous system lupus]. PMID- 3212256 TI - [Acquired ichthyosis in an AIDS patient]. PMID- 3212257 TI - [Anxiety crisis (panic attack) secondary to the administration of theophylline in an oral sustained-release preparation]. PMID- 3212258 TI - [Lyme disease evolving over 12 years]. PMID- 3212259 TI - [Association of mucoviscidosis in an adult with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3212260 TI - [Prevalence of anti-HIV antibodies in blood donors in a rural area]. PMID- 3212262 TI - [Refractory duodenal ulcer and its treatment]. PMID- 3212261 TI - [Study of beta-thalassemia minor in a community of a metropolitan area of Barcelona]. PMID- 3212263 TI - [Thymostimulin as an adjuvant to antineoplastic chemotherapy. Experience with patients with myeloma and lymphoma]. PMID- 3212264 TI - [Calcaneal enthesopathy in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with oligoarticular onset]. PMID- 3212265 TI - [Evaluation of the reliability of auto-analysis in diabetics using a memory reflectometer]. PMID- 3212266 TI - [Effect of ketoconazole on the serum level of total testosterone, free testosterone and estradiol in normal subjects]. PMID- 3212267 TI - [Behavior of CEA MARIA (monoclonal antibody radioimmunoanalysis in the serum of patients with non-tumorous diseases. Comparison with polyclonal radioimmunoanalysis]. PMID- 3212268 TI - [Reticulocytosis and pure aplasia of red cells]. PMID- 3212269 TI - [Esophageal candidiasis in acute HIV infection]. PMID- 3212270 TI - [Is the training of general practitioners the final objective of the teaching plans of our medical schools?]. PMID- 3212271 TI - [Prospective angiographic study of coronary disease in patients with severe chronic valve disease]. PMID- 3212272 TI - [Left ventricular function in intravenous drug addicts. Preliminary study]. PMID- 3212273 TI - Influence of two levels of concurrent infection with Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus vitrinus on the growth performance of lambs. AB - Groups of seven lambs were infected on five days each week for 11 weeks with either 1000 or 2000 Trichostrongylus vitrinus larvae alone or concurrently with 1500 or 2500 Ostertagia circumcincta larvae and their growth performance compared to that of worm-free controls. The cumulative liveweight gain of the infected groups was significantly lower than that of the controls but the gain of the concurrently infected lambs did not differ significantly from the respective T vitrinus group. There were no significant differences in the numbers of T vitrinus or O circumcincta recovered from the single and concurrently infected groups, although there was a tendency for lower mean T vitrinus burdens at the higher level of ostertagia/trichostrongylus infection. The distribution of T vitrinus along the small intestine was similar in single and concurrently infected lambs. The reason for the lack of a marked additive effect on growth rate with concurrent infection is discussed in relation to changes in the concentration of two plasma constituents and lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3212274 TI - Effect of physical restraint and xylazine sedation on haematological values in red deer (Cervus elaphus). AB - Blood samples were taken from healthy red deer (Cervus elaphus) using physical restraint or xylazine sedation. Red and white cell and platelet parameters were measured using a Technicon H6000/C analyser. Lower circulating red cell mass, lymphocyte and platelet counts were found in sedated deer. Mean red cell volume was significantly lower, probably due to the preferential sequestration of young red cells in the spleen. While the main cause of the observed differences is likely to be splenic contraction during physical restraint, the lower plasma viscosity and fibrinogen are suggestive of a haemodynamic component. PMID- 3212275 TI - Effect of pregnancy and fetal development on sheep liver superoxide dismutase activity. AB - Liver cytosolic CuZn SOD activity of four-week and 12-week pregnant sheep was twice as high as that of their fetuses and almost equal to that of control, barren ewes. By the 20th week of pregnancy activity had decreased by about 70 per cent in the maternal liver and increased to a value similar to that of the controls in the fetuses. The lysosomal CuZn SOD activity remained almost unchanged during pregnancy both in the maternal and fetal livers. Cytosolic and lysosomal CuZn SOD activities of 20-week pregnant sheep and their fetuses showed a similar electrophoretic pattern and low electrophoretic mobility. Hepatic Mn SOD activity increased sharply during fetal development but remained lower than that in both the control and maternal livers. It is proposed that the changes in CuZn SOD and Mn SOD activities are associated with changes in copper metabolism and oxygen utilisation, respectively. The low electrophoretic mobility of CuZn SOD is assumed to be a species specificity. PMID- 3212276 TI - Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on basal gastric pH, free and total acid contents in horses. AB - The basal gastric pH, free and total acid contents from five adult horses were determined at two-hour intervals for six- to eight-hour periods. The basal gastric pH, free and total acid contents varied from 2.14 +/- 0.08 to 2.41 +/- 0.14, 28.63 +/- 8.27 to 17.89 +/- 2.86 mmol litre-1 and 41.38 +/- 9.72 to 37.38 +/- 3.70 mmol litre-1, respectively. Cimetidine (8.8 mg kg-1 orally) and ranitidine (2.2 mg kg-1 orally) increased the basal gastric pH to above 3.6 (P less than 0.05) with a concomitant reduction of 75 per cent and 75 to 100 per cent in the basal gastric free acid content, respectively, for an eight-hour period. Cimetidine (4.4 mg kg-1, intramuscularly) and ranitidine (1.4 mg kg-1, intramuscularly) increased the basal gastric pH to above 3.6 with a concomitant reduction of 54 to 93 per cent and 69 to 100 per cent in the basal gastric free acid content, respectively, for an eight-hour period. This study shows that the horse is a basal acid secretor, and that cimetidine and ranitidine, two widely used histaminergic-H2 type antagonists in human clinical practice are effective in horses with ranitidine being approximately four times more potent than cimetidine. PMID- 3212277 TI - Fine structural changes in the developing gastric gland cells in the ferret during the postnatal period. AB - The development of the gastric gland cells in the ferret was studied with particular reference to maturation during the postnatal period. In the newborn, the glands consist of immature parietal cells with numerous mitochondria, and shallow rudimentary intracellular canaliculus with numerous microvilli, and undifferentiated cells. At one week old, mucous neck cells are present containing scattered mucin granules and the parietal cells contain tubulovesicular components. At two weeks old chief cells can be seen with large secretory granules in their basal cytoplasm. The gastric gland cells subsequently increase considerably in size, and their epithelium undergoes rapid histological maturation towards weaning. PMID- 3212278 TI - Anatomy of the blood supply to the flank of the sheep. AB - The anatomy of the a circumflexa ilium profunda supplying the flank of the sheep was investigated in 25 sheep. Two constant branches were identified by dissection and angiography, and the cutaneous areas they supply identified. The arterial system was put to two separate experimental uses successfully. PMID- 3212279 TI - Dental configuration among different breeds of sheep. AB - Three breeds of sheep, Southdown, Suffolk and Romney, and two mixed breeds, Border Leicester over Romney and Coopworth over Romney, managed identically on a research station, where they were free from culling and allowed to live their natural life, had their dental configuration examined. The sheep were divided into age groups with 10 sheep in each. The least variation was found in the relation of the upper dental pad to the lower jaw. The most statistically significant differences were found in the first age group: one year six months. The Suffolk breed was noticeably different from the others. Deepened gingival sulci, as well as the inconsistency of bleeding after probing associated with labial gingivitis highlighted the problems of using these latter criteria as indicators of health or disease among sheep on the basis of a single examination. PMID- 3212280 TI - Development of periodontal disease in a single flock of sheep: clinical signs, morphology of subgingival plaque and influence of antimicrobial agents. AB - The clinical development of broken mouth over a single reproductive year and the effect of two broad spectrum antibacterial agents upon it was followed in 72 Scottish Blackface ewes aged between two and three years. Using a number of dental health indices especially developed for the purpose, the amount of gingivitis, tooth movement, gum recession and pocketing were quantified and graphed for both the whole population and each group in the drug trial. All clinical features except movement fluctuated significantly with time, the fluctuations often being associated with nutritional or other environmental factors. Despite the extended use of large doses of two antimicrobial agents no significant reduction in the amount of clinical gingivitis or pocketing was evident. PMID- 3212281 TI - Mechanics of breathing in goats. AB - Common pulmonary function tests used in man and domestic mammals were adapted to the goat. Requirements for intrathoracic pressure record and pulmonary function investigation were determined. The elastance of the mid-thoracic portion of the oesophagus was measured in 17 healthy goats. The calculated percentage error in identifying the endoesophageal intrathoracic pressure decreased with somatic growth, and was found to be smaller than 2 per cent for adult goats. The location of the oesophageal balloon catheter used to measure the intrathoracic pressure was standardised. The following regression equation calculated between the length of catheter (Lcat) and the thoracic circumference (TC) was found: Lcat (cm) = 6.19 +/- 0.7163 X TC (cm) (R2 = 0.96). The influence of the dead space of a face mask on respiration pattern and arterial blood gas were studied. There were no significant changes in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2), pHa, breathing frequency and intrathoracic pressures. The influence of head and neck position was investigated. Upper airway resistance (Ruaw), measured with the head in a normal position did not significantly differ from values obtained with the head in a horizontal position. Ruaw measured with the head in a vertical position was considerably increased. Arterial blood gas tension and pulmonary mechanics were measured to assess the reproducibility of pulmonary function measurements. Variability in blood gas tension, tidal volume and minute volume is small. The variability of peak to peak intrathoracic pressure change (max delta Plp), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), total pulmonary resistance (RL) and Rt were relatively large. PMID- 3212282 TI - Immunisation of pigs with live cultures of Streptococcus suis type 2. AB - Repeated intravenous injections of pigs with live virulent cultures of Streptococcus suis type 2 stimulated a strong protective response against subsequent challenge. This protection was transferred passively to susceptible pigs by the inoculation of sera from protected pigs. A strong protective response was also stimulated by repeated inoculations of live cultures of non-pathogenic isolates. The protective response did not eliminate S suis type 2 organisms already established in the tonsils or joints, nor prevent the establishment of subclinical infection in the tonsils. PMID- 3212283 TI - Serum immunoglobulin A concentrations in normal and diseased dogs. AB - The normal level of serum IgA in Western Australian dogs was defined by single radial immunodiffusion using sera from 100 healthy randomly selected adult crossbred animals. Serum IgA values of 185 animals from six breeds were also determined. The mean and variance of serum IgA of these groups were similar to the crossbred dogs with the exception of German shepherd dogs where these values were statistically greater. In addition, 210 dogs with a range of chronic diseases (autoimmune, hypersensitivity, pyoderma, neoplasia, demodecosis, disseminated aspergillosis) were assayed and low values recorded in five cases. In all disease groups the mean serum IgA value was significantly greater than in the crossbred group and the variance significantly greater in most of these groups. The German shepherd group were the only normal dogs with a mean and variance similar to those of the clinical series suggesting that this breed may have a primary defect in IgA metabolism. PMID- 3212284 TI - Ruminal lactic acidosis: forestomach epithelial receptor activation by undissociated volatile fatty acids and rumen fluids collected during loss of reticuloruminal motility. AB - Forty-three reticuloruminal epithelial receptors, with excitatory receptive fields within the reticulum, were isolated in 19 anaesthetised sheep. The responsiveness of these receptors to acetic, propionic, butyric and DL-lactic acids were assessed as well as their ability to be activated by rumen fluids obtained from sheep with induced ruminal lactic acidosis. Eighteen (41.9 per cent) receptors were excited by all three volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and 17 (39.5 per cent) responded to two VFAs. Butyric acid was the most potent volatile fatty acid eliciting responses in 41 (95.3 per cent) receptors. Acetic acid activated 33 (76.7 per cent) receptors and propionic acid excited 22 (53.5 per cent) receptors. DL-lactic acid only activated 13 (30.2 per cent) receptors, six of which required concentrations of 200 mM to be activated. Rumen fluids obtained when forestomach motility was impaired, activated 37 (81.1 per cent) of the 43 receptors, whereas rumen fluids obtained when forestomach motility was normal did not activate any receptors. Despite the high levels of lactic acid in rumen fluids which activated epithelial receptors, this acid was not responsible for receptor excitation. PMID- 3212285 TI - Specific antibody containing cells in the porcine respiratory tract following intraperitoneal and intratracheal immunisation. AB - Pigs were immunised intraperitoneally with ovalbumin in Freund's complete adjuvant and subsequently challenged intratracheally with ovalbumin. The results show that the group receiving two intratracheal challenges had a significantly greater antiovalbumin-containing cell response in the lamina propria of the respiratory tract. With intraperitoneal immunisation or intratracheal challenge alone the response was negligible. The immunoglobulin isotype of the anti ovalbumin containing cells was predominantly IgG. There was also a substantial antibody containing cell response in the lung which was also IgG. These findings are discussed in relation to immunity within the porcine respiratory tract. PMID- 3212286 TI - Neural consequences of partial toe amputation in chickens. AB - The extent of the damage inflicted on the hallux was determined in a group of detoed, newly hatched, male broiler-breeder chicks obtained from a commercial hatchery. Healing and neural regeneration were very rapid and after 22 days the stump had a complete epidermal and dermal covering with the dermis being well supplied with both nerves and blood vessels. Some regenerating nerve bundles became trapped in scar tissue and formed small terminal neuromas which persisted over the 60-day observation period. These results are discussed in relation to partial beak amputation and their welfare implications. PMID- 3212287 TI - Physiological and behavioural responses of the domestic hen to hypoxia. AB - Physiological and behavioural responses of adult hens and chicks were monitored in atmospheric and increasingly hypoxic conditions to investigate whether anoxic killing was a suitable alternative method for use in the slaughter industry. All birds were placed in a perspex box for easy observation and nitrogen gas was slowly administered when subjecting birds to anoxic conditions. When subjected to decreasing oxygen concentration adult birds slowly became unconscious, without showing any signs of distress, until respiratory failure supervened. Chicks showed similar results but loss of motor control was observed while still conscious which might cause some distress. Further investigations are suggested to alleviate this problem. PMID- 3212288 TI - Plasma lipoproteins and fatty liver in dairy cows. AB - Dairy cows were classified on the basis of a histological study after a hepatic biopsy conducted in the second week post partum (mild fatty liver, moderate fatty liver, severe fatty liver). Plasma lipoproteins were separated into various density classes by repeated ultracentrifugation. The results indicate that the beginning of lactation is associated with a low concentration of the 1.006 to 1.063 g ml-1 lipoprotein fraction. The lowest concentrations occurred in cows with severe steatosis or during the evolution of moderate steatosis. PMID- 3212289 TI - A murine model of Streptococcus suis type 2 meningitis in the pig. AB - When young or adult mice were infected experimentally with isolates of Streptococcus suis type 2 of known pathogenicity for pigs, the organisms produced disease, young mice being more susceptible than adults. An isolate of S suis type 2 less pathogenic for pigs also appeared less pathogenic in mice. The organism could be reisolated from infected mice for up to 42 days. Inoculum size was one factor influencing the likelihood of an individual mouse developing meningitis following intravenous inoculation. Transmission of the organism from inoculated to in-contact mice occurred in young mice after intravenous or oral administration. These studies indicate that the behaviour of S suis type 2 in mice resembles its behaviour in pigs. PMID- 3212290 TI - Pathogenicity of two strains of Streptococcus uberis infused into lactating and non-lactating bovine mammary glands. AB - Two strains of Streptococcus uberis, one (0140J) resistant to killing by purified bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes suspended in milk and the other (EF20) readily killed by polymorphonuclear leucocytes were each infused into a mammary quarter of 18 lactating and 10 pregnant non-lactating cows. In the lactating cows 0140J produced clinical disease in 16 of 18 quarters whereas EF20 produced clinical disease in only two of 18 quarters. With the exception of three cows exposed to EF20, the quarters which resisted infection did so without apparent inflammatory reaction. In non-lactating cows both organisms produced clinical disease in six of 10 quarters. Two cows apart, a non-lactating udder was either resistant or sensitive to both organisms. PMID- 3212291 TI - Pulmonary function values and growth in Belgian white and blue double-muscled cattle. AB - Seventy-five double-muscled cattle of the Belgian white and blue breed, two days to 50 months old and weighing 45 to 680 kg, were investigated. Transpulmonary pressure changes, measured with an oesophageal balloon, variations of air flow and volume at the mouth were obtained during spontaneous breathing to calculate pulmonary function data. Oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in arterial blood were also recorded. Growth related changes of the pulmonary function values were similar to those observed in other bovine breeds. Total pulmonary resistance, specific total pulmonary resistance, viscous work, power of breathing, specific viscous work, respiratory frequency and peak-to-peak change in transpulmonary pressure were greater in Belgian white and blue cattle than in Friesian cattle. In the former, tidal volume, specific tidal volume, lowest transpulmonary pressure during expiration, transpulmonary pressure at the functional residual capacity level, dynamic lung compliance and oxygen tension in arterial blood were smaller. Airflow, minute volume and carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood were similar in the Belgian white and blue and Friesian cattle. These results were related to the great sensitivity of double-muscled cattle of the Belgian white and blue breed to laryngitis and bronchopneumonia. PMID- 3212293 TI - ELISA for the measurement of sheep antibodies to the capsular antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilising direct binding of capsular polysaccharide antigens to polystyrene immunoassay plates was used to measure sheep antibodies to Pasteurella haemolytica A1, A2 and A6 serotypes. Low level cross reactivity occurred between A2 antigen and heterologous antisera. A strong unilateral cross reaction between A1 antigen and anti-A6 serum was abolished by absorption. These reactions suggest shared capsular antigens between serotypes. PMID- 3212294 TI - Infections of the pleural space. PMID- 3212292 TI - Levamisole pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in dogs. AB - Levamisole was given intravenously and orally (with and without food) to six dogs. All dogs reacted adversely to intravenous dosage and one died. For the remaining five, intravenous data fitted a one compartment model with first order elimination and a mean half-time of elimination of 1.8 hours. In fasting dogs drug absorption from the gut was rapid and the mean fraction absorbed (F) was 0.64. When levamisole was given with food, drug bioavailability was impaired, as absorption was slowed and possibly reduced (F = 0.49). The effect of ingesta on bioavailability of levamisole could affect treatment efficacy and side effects. PMID- 3212295 TI - Nucleotide sequence analysis of the DNA binding region of the chicken fibronectin gene. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of 2.0 kb EcoRI segment from the clone lambda FC32 of the genomic chicken fibronectin gene, which is called DNA binding domain. This segment overlapped another clone lambda FC36 and contained three exons which were 16, 17 and 18. They were classified as Type III repeat as originally shown in bovine plasma fibronectin. The average homologies of these three exons among the chicken, rat and human fibronectins in amino acid level are very high (87-98%) compared with that (79-88%) of the exons in the cell binding domain, indicating that this region is highly conservative during the evolution. PMID- 3212296 TI - Application of the drawing paper method on clinical teaching of nursing. AB - In nursing, it is important to master accurate skills and excellent techniques. However, it is more important to master the psychological techniques that can be learned by talking and listening to patients, and by studying their expressions as well as their behaviour. When a nurse enters a patient's room, in order to provide appropriate care, she must be able to understand at once the patient's feelings from his or her expression, or even from the first words uttered by the patient. Sheila Dainow, an English communication counselor, said that "Empathy is a mixture of listening, observation and respect". My suggestion is that nursing education should place more emphasises on the psychological aspect of patient nurse relationship, and teach the necessary psychological techniques. PMID- 3212297 TI - [Effects of analogues and drugs on arginine vasopressin receptor binding in rat renal tubular basolateral membrane]. AB - The methods of basolateral membrane isolation from rat kidney and 3H-AVP receptor assay using this basolateral membrane preparation were established. Then, the effects of analogues and drugs on AVP-receptor binding were studied. Specific 3H AVP binding was inhibited by LVP, dDAVP and oxytocin in that order. Among the various agonistic or antagonistic drugs to AVP (fluoride, cyclophosphamide, mechlorethamine, chlorpropamide), only chlorpropamide inhibited 3H-AVP binding to the membrane. The Kd value calculated by Scatchard analysis was 1.30 +/- 0.28 nM (n = 4, M +/- SD), and it was increased to 2.69 +/- 0.32 nM (n = 5, M +/- SD) by adding 1 mM of chlorpropamide, while Bmax was unchanged. Our data show that 1 mM chlorpropamide decreases receptor affinity for AVP, and alters AVP-receptor binding in a competitive manner. PMID- 3212298 TI - [Estimation of absorbed dose of beta radiation into the critical tissues by a single injection of tritiated water]. AB - The biological effects of tritium in humans need to be clarified, because the chances of humans becoming exposed to tritium beta radiation may increase with the development of the nuclear fusion reactor. To evaluate the biological effects of tritium, it is necessary to estimate exactly the absorbed dose from the tritium beta rays in the tissue. In many reports, the absorbed dose of HTO in the tissues is estimated from the tritium content in body fluid and dose calculations are customarily based upon the water content of soft tissues, which is taken to be 0.7 to 0.8. However, these methods may not show the exact absorbed dose in the organs. In the present study, the radioactivity of the critical tissues was measured directly using a sample oxidizer and the absorbed dose was calculated from the radioactivity of tritium in the tissues. Details on the method for calculation of the absorbed dose in tissues of the mouse is shown in this report. The results suggest that the absorbed dose should be obtained from the radioactivity in the tissues. PMID- 3212299 TI - A case of left atrial automatic tachycardia successfully treated with aprindine. AB - Electrocardiogram in a 15-year-old girl showed persistent supraventricular tachycardia at rates of 130 to 140 bpm. Electrophysiological study confirmed left atrial automatic tachycardia, which was transferred to sinus rhythm by intravenous infusion of aprindine (100 mg/10 min). Therefore, aprindine (60 mg/day) was administered orally, and neither recurrence of left atrial automatic tachycardia nor side effects were observed during subsequent follow-up period of 16 months. PMID- 3212301 TI - University education in caring sciences in Finland. PMID- 3212300 TI - [Effects of chronic inhalation of ethylene oxide on the rat testes]. AB - The effects of chronic exposure of ethylene oxide on the testes were investigated. When rats were exposed to 500 ppm, three times a week for 13 weeks, the testes of the exposed group became remarkably atrophic and their DNA content decreased proportionally. However, plasma testosterone concentration did not significantly change. In the testes the activity of glutathione reductase decreased by 45% and glutathione-S-transferase increased by 64%, respectively. These results suggest that ethylene oxide causes a definite toxicity in the testes and the abnormality of glutathione metabolism plays an important role in its toxicity. PMID- 3212302 TI - Health and illness: a dialectical concept analysis. PMID- 3212304 TI - Perceptual function in the elderly and after stroke. PMID- 3212303 TI - Solving patients' information problems by the nursing process and collaboration between the medical and nursing staff. Part II. A study of how the system functioned. PMID- 3212305 TI - Problematic and meaningful situations in nursing interpreted by concepts from King's nursing theory and four additional concepts. PMID- 3212306 TI - First International Workshop on Monoclonal Antibodies Against Red Blood Cell and Related Antigens. Paris, September 21-24, 1987. Vol. II: Other blood group systems. PMID- 3212307 TI - Preliminary serological studies on 31 samples of monoclonal antibodies directed against red cell glycophorins. PMID- 3212308 TI - Monoclonal anti-glycophorin antibodies. PMID- 3212309 TI - Characterization of anti-glycophorin monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3212310 TI - Report to the first international workshop on monoclonal antibodies against human red blood cell and related antigens. PMID- 3212311 TI - Biochemical characterization of antibodies submitted as reactive with glycophorin species. PMID- 3212313 TI - Results with the group 4 antibodies. PMID- 3212312 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins by serological analysis, immunoblotting and flow cytometry. PMID- 3212315 TI - Co-ordinated report of studies on monoclonal antibodies to complement. PMID- 3212314 TI - Analysis of anti-glycophorin monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry. PMID- 3212316 TI - Serological and immunochemical assessment of anti-complement monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3212317 TI - Serological characterization of monoclonal antibodies to complement components of C 3 and C 4. PMID- 3212318 TI - Antibodies associated with the Kell blood group system. PMID- 3212319 TI - Observations on 5 monoclonal antibody samples directed against antigens in the Kell blood group system. PMID- 3212320 TI - Kell related antibodies. PMID- 3212321 TI - Antibodies with specificities related to the Kell blood group system. PMID- 3212322 TI - Report on group 7 (Kell related) antibodies. PMID- 3212323 TI - Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies reacting with Kell system antigens. PMID- 3212324 TI - Summary report of laboratories studying monoclonal antibodies in the Kell blood group system. PMID- 3212326 TI - Preliminary serological studies of 4 monoclonal antibody samples with "Lutheran" specificities. PMID- 3212328 TI - Lutheran related antibodies. PMID- 3212327 TI - Immunological specificities of four Lutheran related monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3212325 TI - Serological and biochemical characterization of monoclonal antibodies against red cell markers related to expression of Lutheran blood group antigens. PMID- 3212329 TI - Test results of four monoclonal antibodies against markers of the Lutheran system. PMID- 3212330 TI - [Ninth report of the Study Group on Cancer of the Digestive System of the National Academy of Medicine]. PMID- 3212331 TI - [Current view of liver diseases in Nuevo Leon]. PMID- 3212332 TI - [Pancreatoduodenectomy with preservation of the pylorus]. PMID- 3212333 TI - [Endoscopic cholangiography in the diagnosis of fascioliasis. Report of a case]. PMID- 3212334 TI - [Umbilical hernia and gallbladder disease]. PMID- 3212335 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis. Evidence for a positive association]. PMID- 3212336 TI - [Prognostic criteria in acute pancreatitis. A useful and applicable alternative in our field]. PMID- 3212337 TI - [Hemorrhagic and necrotic pancreatitis. Prospective study of 32 patients]. PMID- 3212338 TI - [Extracorporeal lithotripsy in patients with biliary lithiasis. Study and fragmentation in 6 patients]. PMID- 3212339 TI - [Jaundice in patients after abdominal surgery]. PMID- 3212340 TI - [Chemotherapy of ORL cancers]. PMID- 3212341 TI - [Admission of adolescents to the hospital]. PMID- 3212343 TI - [Little night music]. PMID- 3212342 TI - [Acute viral hepatitis in children]. PMID- 3212344 TI - [Industrial solvents, occupational risks]. PMID- 3212345 TI - [The coordinating nurse]. PMID- 3212346 TI - [In the name of the law]. PMID- 3212347 TI - Taking to the streets. PMID- 3212349 TI - Time to nip smoking in the bud. PMID- 3212348 TI - Promoting health in the Northwest. PMID- 3212350 TI - Nursing research: putting ideas into practice. PMID- 3212351 TI - [Various group B vitamin levels in Warsaw bakery products]. PMID- 3212352 TI - [Mercury levels in the muscles, liver and kidneys of slaughter and game animals from the region of northern Poland 1985-1986]. PMID- 3212353 TI - [A method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry in determining the levels of cadmium and lead in milk-cereal products, cereals and canned vegetables and meat for children up to 3 years of age]. PMID- 3212354 TI - [Characteristics of thermophilic microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter isolated from various sources. II. Isolation and properties of the isolated strains]. PMID- 3212355 TI - [Characteristics of thermophilic microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter isolated from various sources. III. Survival of C. jejuni in meat extracts with added chemical compounds]. PMID- 3212356 TI - [Effect of water activity on the growth of Campylobacter jejuni in brain-heart infusion]. PMID- 3212357 TI - [Analysis of selected pesticides, nitrates, nitrites, ammonium ions and urea in surface and underground waters and in various agricultural products. V]. PMID- 3212358 TI - [Growth and survival of various pathogenic dermatophytes in bottom sediment and sewer sludge]. PMID- 3212359 TI - [Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric dust particles]. PMID- 3212360 TI - [Lateral scoliosis in 14-year-old students and various environmental factors outside school]. PMID- 3212361 TI - [Nutritional knowledge and its relation to the food habits of Warsaw families]. PMID- 3212362 TI - [Image intensifying split radiography]. AB - This is a report on the testing of a novel system of radiography of the thorax consisting of a combination of moving-slit radiography with a slot-type image intensifier (proximity focussed linear image intensifier), being thus a variant of rotational scanography (or a swinging slot x-ray machine), the image scale being 1:1. The system was compared with conventional x-ray film/foil technique using a group of 115 patients. Special features of the new system are a very low irradiation exposure dose and a 100 x 100 mm size image. It is shown that the imaging method is highly efficient in respect of the examined nine classes of findings and that the image quality of large-size thorax x-ray films is very nearly attained. The low exposure dose, low running cost and advantages in storing and indexing can serve as counter-arguments against the well-known reserved attitude in respect of a medium-size format. The system opens good future possibilities especially with regard to follow-up and monitoring of selected patient groups (e.g. blood donors, medical personnel). PMID- 3212364 TI - [Malignant hemangiopericytoma in computed tomography]. AB - CT findings of eight malignant hemangiopericytomas are presented. CT revealed well-circumscribed mass lesions in five cases, whereas three tumors showed invasive growth. Cystic areas were found in four hemangiopericytomas, and a dystrophic calcification was seen in one case. Following intravenously injected contrast material, all tumors demonstrated a distinct enhancement. PMID- 3212363 TI - [Late intramedullary metastases of a medulloblastoma with primary extramedullary seeded metastases--magnetic resonance tomographic detection using gadolinium DTPA]. AB - Dissemination of tumour cells via CSF occurs if there is close proximity of a malignant space-occupying growth to the CSF circulation system. According to the anatomic localisation of the metastases a distinction is made between intra- and extra medullary metastases. Magnetic resonance tomography is a highly sensitive method that can point not only to the pathological process, but also to its localisation and extent, especially if paramagnetic substances are used, to a much more accurate degree than had been possible so far with invasive myelography or computed tomography. PMID- 3212365 TI - [Intrathoracic goiter in the posterior mediastinum]. AB - Several examination methods are now available for diagnosis of intrathoracic goiter; diagnosis of suspicion is made by conventional plain radiography of the thorax, clinical findings being often normal or non-characteristic. If the iodine scintigram shows accumulation in the tumor, we can be practically sure of the diagnosis of an intrathoracic goiter. In case of a negative iodine scan we can obtain pointers to the nature of the tissue via CT or MR, especially if a connection between cervical thyroid tissue and intrathoracic mass can be demonstrated. Furthermore, these two methods (CT and MR) enable exact determination of the extension of the goiter and show the topographical relation to the neighbouring organs or their displacement. PMID- 3212367 TI - [Insomnia and its treatment]. PMID- 3212366 TI - [Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon]. AB - Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon is a probably often misdiagnosed type of ileus, the diagnosis of which follows from the clinical pattern with the signs of a mechanical ileus, the acute course and the x-ray signs. Radiological findings cannot be clearly interpreted without knowledge of the clinical pattern and the course of the disease. Hence, the radiological correlate of the pseudo obstruction of the colon is not specific, but it does supply a pointer to the disease of its shows dilation of the caecum, colon ascendens and colon transversum with air-pockets and reflected imaging as well as a usually not dilated colon descendens with remarkably little air. To make the diagnosis quite sure we must exclude intestinal obstruction by using x-ray contrast media or by coloscopy. Early diagnosis is important because of the danger of perforation of the massively dilated colon (lethality up to 60%) and good prognosis if therapy is initiated in time via compression by a Dennis sound (success rate 90%). To control the success of the treatment there must be a 24-hour x-ray follow-up to avoid the risk of perforation of the colon. In this manner it becomes possible to spare the usually elderly and multimorbid patients an operation at an enhanced risk. PMID- 3212368 TI - [Sleep apnea syndromes]. PMID- 3212369 TI - [Surgical treatment of apnea syndrome]. PMID- 3212370 TI - [Irregular activity hours, sleep and health]. PMID- 3212371 TI - [Chronobiology and endogenous disorders of the sleep-wake rhythm]. PMID- 3212372 TI - The microsurgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms. PMID- 3212374 TI - Retention of orienting reaction habituation in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3212373 TI - Assessment of blood flow velocity in intracranial cerebral arteries by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. PMID- 3212375 TI - Deterioration of verbal centers function in aphasics as demonstrated by EEG spectral reaction curves. PMID- 3212376 TI - Concomitant sympathetic and parasympathetic disturbances of myocardial electrogenesis after cerebral contusion in man. PMID- 3212377 TI - Measurement of hertzian waves capture at body surface in hemiplegic patients with and without trophic disorders. PMID- 3212378 TI - [Problems of the use of chronobiology in endocrinology (the ontogenetic, experimental and medical aspects)]. PMID- 3212380 TI - Asymptomatic-nonfunctional adrenal masses detected by CT. AB - We identified as an incidental finding "silent adrenal tumors" in 12 patients undergoing abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning for unrelated problems. Until recently, adrenal masses came to clinical attention either from local symptoms due to massive enlargement or from manifestations of excess hormone production. With CT, small adrenal glands and neoplasms could be also visualized and diagnosed at an earlier preclinical stage. Patients with asymptomatic adrenal masses detected by CT scan must be investigated for the possibility of metastasis from another primary site, secondly screened for hormone production and should be followed-up for malignant degeneration. The investigation did not show any sound criteria for the diagnosis of malignancy except the follow-up of the masses with serial CT scans in short intervals. PMID- 3212379 TI - The effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the sleep parameters of the rat pups. AB - In order to verify the hypothesis that at least during perinatal life the amount of active sleep (AS) is dependent on the level of the brain maturation, newborn rats received by an i.p. route for 6 days, a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) preparation (Vitamin F) in doses of 1, 10 and 100 mg/day. In comparison with diluent alone injected controls, the PUFAs-injected animals presented a decrease in the AS percentage, decrease which was proportional with the dose. In parallel, it was noted a dose-dependent increase in mortality from 10% for 1 to 90% for 100 mg of PUFAs. We concluded that the PUFAs which greatly stimulate the synaptogenesis, enhance the release of a membrane component with a strong AS inhibiting effect, and, at least during perinatal life, the AS could be modulated by this factors and not by the classical neurotransmitters. PMID- 3212381 TI - Hirsutism due to the treatment with L-thyroxine in patients with thyroid pathology. AB - There are many factors involved in the aetiology of hirsutism. It is well known that some drugs may cause hirsutism as a side effect, such as phenytoin, diazoxide, minoxidil etc. In Turkey, where the endemic goiter constitutes an important health problem, the value of suppression therapy with thyroid hormone still carries a special importance. We established the increasing tendency of hirsutism in patients treated with L-thyroxine (L-T4) for various thyroid pathology. That is why we decided to evaluate the role of thyroid hormones in the aetiology of hirsutism observed in patients treated with L-T4. We determined the total and free T3, T4, TSH, TBG, Plasma Cortisol transcortin, delta-4 androstenedione, FSH, LH, prolactin, total and free testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17 OH Pg) levels in serum or plasma in a group of female patients who were taking L-T4 daily, regularly at least for 6 months and complaining of the occurrence of hirsutism. We demonstrated in these patients SHBG, transcortin and estradiol levels significantly lower than controls (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.05, respectively) and DHEAS level significantly higher than controls (p less than 0.001). An important correlation was found between TBG and SHBG levels (r:0.536, p less than 0.05) and also between total and free testosterone levels (r:0.952, p less than 0.001). PMID- 3212383 TI - [Clinical and experimental applications of biological rhythms]. PMID- 3212382 TI - The assessment of the dopaminergic tonus by urinary determinations of homovanillic acid (HVA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in normal, obese and GH-deficient short children. AB - In order to assess the dopaminergic tonus, urinary determinations of HVA and DOPAC and also of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), and methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were performed in 86 obese children, 11 growth hormone (GH)-deficient short children and also in 40 control children. Part of the obese patients were subjected to a low carbohydrate, low calorie diet and also to short-term (9-14 days) courses of diethylpropion (DEP) 50 mg/day, meclofenoxate (MEC) 100 mg/day and thyroid extract (THE) 1-2 mg/kg/day. The GH deficient patients received only THE in substitutive (5-10 mg/kg/day) doses. Significative correlations between DOPAC and age, weight and height were found in controls. In the obese group a significantly increased mean level of HVA was found (1.45 +/- 0.09 mg/24 h vs 1.15 +/- 0.10 in controls). The excretion of DOPAC was slightly greater but far from significance. There was also a significant decrease of HVA but not DOPAC in the DEP-treated obese. The rest of the drugs and the diet alone were not effective in any way. Normal levels in all metabolites except NA and A were found in GH-deficient short children. The therapy with thyroid extract did not alter the excretion levels. These findings indicate that in infantile obesity the dopaminergic tonus is somewhat increased but its pathophysiological significance is doubtful. In GH-deficient short children of standard appearance the dopaminergic tonus seems to be undistinguishable from normal. PMID- 3212385 TI - Immune response in deep cervical lymph nodes and spleen in the mouse after antigen deposition in different intracerebral sites. AB - Brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid drainage into the lymphatics was studied by injections of 5 microliters of packed sheep red blood cells (SRBC) injected into the caudate nucleus, the occipital lobe, and the lateral ventricle of the brain in mice. The number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) was determined in the deep cervical lymph nodes, the axillary lymph nodes, and the spleen, and the number of PFC was compared with the response in the same tissues after intravenous immunization with 0.1 ml 10% SRBC. The weight of the deep cervical lymph nodes increased 3.0 times on day 3 after injection in the brain parenchyma compared with the weight of these nodes after intravenous immunization. The antigen-specific response peaked on day 5, 392 +/- 37 PFC/10(6) for IgG in the deep cervical lymph nodes after antigen deposition in the caudate nucleus, whereas only a minor peak in the antigen-specific response was obtained after intraventricular antigen deposition, 127 +/- 79 PFC x 10(6) for IgG on day 6. There were no increased PFC in any of the lymph nodes after intravenous immunization. The experiments show an antigen-specific response in the deep cervical lymph nodes after intracerebral antigen deposition, whereas antigens deposited in the lateral ventricles drain preferentially to the blood, with a high response in the spleen. PMID- 3212384 TI - Cystic parathyroid cancer. Case report. AB - A patient hospitalized for the assessment of a "thyroid nodule" is presented. Scintigraphically the nodule was cold. Thin needle aspiration biopsy by which 50 ml of a clear fluid was drawn, proved the nodule to be of cystic nature. Phospho calcium findings allowed the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism though the patient presented no subjective complaints. Histologic examination of the tissue removed intraoperatively revealed a cystic parathyroid neoplasm. PMID- 3212387 TI - Effective inhibition of cardiolipin-binding antibodies in gram-negative infections by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were detected by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in the majority of sera from patients with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. The response involved all the major immunoglobulin classes IgG, IgM, and IgA. The specificity of the ACA was studied in competitive inhibition experiments with three putative antigens: cardiolipin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Salmonella minnesota, strain Re 595, and synthetic Escherichia coli lipid A. The binding of IgG class ACA from the sera of five patients with Gram-negative infections was effectively inhibited by LPS, whereas 100-fold more cardiolipin was required for comparable inhibition. Pure lipid A was a less effective inhibitor of anticardiolipin activity than LPS. This pattern of reactivity was not seen in sera from patients with Gram-positive infections, syphilis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Our findings suggest that cardiolipin may not be the inducing antigen for the cardiolipin-binding antibodies that develop in Gram-negative infections. PMID- 3212386 TI - Tumour necrosis factor-beta modulates human neutrophil-mediated cartilage damage. AB - Human neutrophils, when cultured with human articular cartilage coated with heat aggregated immunoglobulin G, degraded proteoglycan and inhibited its synthesis. Neutrophil-mediated degradation of cartilage was potentiated by recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-beta (TNF beta), although TNF beta alone did not alter proteoglycan degradation. This effect was seen when TNF beta, neutrophils, and cartilage were incubated together, and also when neutrophils were preincubated with TNF beta and washed before being added to cartilage. Similar results were obtained with living and killed cartilage. In contrast, pretreatment of neutrophils with TNF beta abrogated the neutrophil-mediated inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthesis. There was no effect of TNF beta alone on synthesis of proteoglycan. PMID- 3212389 TI - [The development of minute cardiac output after cardiosurgical procedures during extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 3212388 TI - Synergistic growth-inhibitory activity of tumour necrosis factor and alpha interferon. Contribution to the monocyte-derived cytostatic activity towards human leukaemia K562 cells. AB - Monocyte supernatants are cytotoxic towards WEHI 164 clone 13 cells and cytostatic towards K562 cells. The cytotoxic activity towards the clone 13 cells is entirely due to tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), since it was completely neutralized by recombinant TNF alpha (rTNF) antiserum, and identical dose-response curves were obtained with supernatants and rTNF alpha. The cytostatic activity towards the K562 cells, however, was only partly due to TNF alpha, since this activity was only partly neutralized by the rTNF alpha antiserum. Moreover, the supernatants were found to be more cytostatic towards K562 cells than rTNF alpha preparations that contained comparable amounts of TNF. Alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) also contributed to cytostasis of the K562 cells, since antibodies against IFN-alpha partially inhibited the cytostatic activity in the supernatants, and further inhibition, although not complete, was obtained in the presence of both IFN-alpha antibodies and rTNF alpha antiserum. Moreover, recombinant IFN-alpha-2c (rIFN-alpha-2c) inhibited the growth of K562 cells, acting synergistically with rTNF alpha. Upon cation exchange chromatography, natural TNF in the monocyte supernatants eluted more broadly than rTNF, and significant amounts of TNF alpha were found in all column fractions containing cytostatic activity. PMID- 3212390 TI - [The status of children with a birthweight under 1500g during the 1st 5 years of life]. PMID- 3212391 TI - [Indications for the surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3212392 TI - [Hemodynamic effect of propranolol and pindolol in rabbits in vivo]. PMID- 3212393 TI - [Induced cell fusion after the accumulation of certain substances in the surface membrane. I]. PMID- 3212395 TI - [Distribution of motor endplates in the muscles of the hindlimb in minipigs]. PMID- 3212394 TI - [The significance of superoxide dismutase in the development of the post irradiation syndrome. XII. Activity of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in the bone marrow of rats after irradiation]. PMID- 3212397 TI - [Estimates of the total number of persons with various health and social characteristics living in geriatric institutions in the Eastern Bohemia Region]. PMID- 3212396 TI - [Reaction of cells cultured in vitro to sanguinarine and chelerythrin]. PMID- 3212398 TI - [Biosynthesis of insoluble elastin in the aorta of the rat during development]. PMID- 3212400 TI - A national plan for schizophrenia research: panel recommendations. PMID- 3212399 TI - [Kawasaki syndrome]. PMID- 3212401 TI - Basic behavioral sciences. PMID- 3212402 TI - Treatment, services, and environmental factors. PMID- 3212403 TI - Visceral improvement following combined plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive drug therapy in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - In a two-year prospective therapeutic trial, 15 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were treated with immunosuppressive drug therapy with or without long-term plasmapheresis. Before the trial all patients had severe involvement of either the esophagus, lungs or kidneys. One patient died of renal failure and another 2 patients withdrew unimproved. In the remaining 12 patients, objective improvement occurred in all but one. The degree and extent of skin involvement decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). Cineradiography revealed increased esophageal motility in 4 patients. Pulmonary function measured as total lung capacity and static lung compliance improved (p less than 0.01). In 4 patients the number of premature atrial or ventricular contractions at 24 h ECG monitoring decreased, as did the concentrations of immunoglobulins and ANA titres in serum. Although it could not be ascertained whether the clinical improvement was associated with combined therapy or immunosuppressive drug treatment alone, our results suggest that immunosuppressive therapy is beneficial in advanced PSS. PMID- 3212404 TI - 17-year follow-up of symptoms and signs in the knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A population survey was carried out in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1967. In a sample of 15,268 individuals, 239 were found to have rheumatoid arthritis according to the New York diagnostic criteria. In 1983, i.e. 17 years later, 109 of the 127 individuals still living were reexamined. Among these, 79 complained of knee symptoms and 30 stated that the knee was the joint that presented the greatest hindrance to walking. Fifty-nine found difficulty in walking up or down stairs and 47 had to use a walking aid. These shortcomings were more often noted in the knees that had been swollen, or painful, 17 years previously. In addition, at follow-up, narrowing of the articular space was observed in the knees that were swollen and painful. Valgus deformity was associated with swelling, while varus deformity also involved, apart from the swelling, pain and restricted motility. In all, 108 operations were performed on 48 of the 109 subjects who were re examined; 12 of these were knee operations. PMID- 3212405 TI - Scintigraphic findings in the rheumatoid knee joint. AB - An increased uptake of 99m-technetium methylenediphosphonate was found in 42 knees of 24 patients afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis. All the 23 knees which were painful and the 21 knees which had synovitis showed an increased concentration of isotope. Articular space narrowing was observed in 26 joints, all but one of which were subjected to increased isotopic accumulation and synovitis. The degree of radiologic cartilage destruction correlated significantly with the isotopic uptake. In the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis, the isotopic uptake was found to be heterogeneous within the joint in one half of the cases. In the later stages, with a narrowed articular space and valgus angulation, the isotope was concentrated to the lateral side of the joint, while joints with varus angulation had a more symmetric distribution. The degree and distribution of uptake seemed to be governed by several factors, among others, inflammatory activity and mechanical load. PMID- 3212406 TI - Auranofin and quality of life. PMID- 3212407 TI - Adenosine deaminase activity in joint effusions. AB - The activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) was determined in serum and synovial fluid of 98 patients with joint effusions of various causes. Compared with osteoarthritis, there were significantly higher mean synovial fluid ADA activities in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (p less than 0.01), chronic seronegative polyarthritis (p less than 0.001), juvenile chronic arthritis (p less than 0.001) and reactive arthritis (p less than 0.001). In inflammatory joint diseases higher mean ADA activities in synovial fluid than in serum were observed, indicating a local release of ADA by cells within the joints. ADA activity in synovial fluid correlated with general disease activity as measured by haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and may provide an additional measure of the degree of inflammation in joint diseases. PMID- 3212408 TI - Focal adenitis in lacrimal and salivary glands. A post-mortem study. AB - In the present study the submandibular, labial, and lacrimal glands of 102 postmortem subjects were studied as to the presence of inflammatory foci, fibrosis, atrophy and fatty change. Focal lymphocytic infiltration of these glands with focus scores exceeding 1, one of the findings on which the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome is based, was found in 19 cases (18.6%). Fibrosis, atrophy, and fatty change occurred most often in the labial salivary glands of patients over 50 years of age with or without high focus scores. Fibrosis, atrophy and fat infiltration hardly ever occurred in the lacrimal glands although this was the type of gland in which high focus scores occurred most often. The findings suggest that a wider than hitherto recognized spectrum of systemic inflammatory diseases may contribute to lymphocytic adenitis and degeneration of the exocrine glands. The diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome should be confirmed by additional diagnostic tests. PMID- 3212409 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis among Arab children. PMID- 3212410 TI - Arthritis complicating acute pancreatitis--a rare but important condition to be distinguished from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3212411 TI - The value of serum laminin P1 in monitoring disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3212412 TI - Increased risk for primary liver cancer among women exposed to solvents. AB - An earlier case-referent study by the same authors [Int Arch Occup Environ Health 54 (1984) 147-153] reported that solvent-exposed women, but not men, had an increased risk for primary liver cancer. The present study was undertaken to verify these results. The relatives of deceased patients, ie, 377 liver cancer cases, 385 coronary infarction referents, and 476 stomach cancer referents, responded to a questionnaire on past employment and potentially relevant covariables, the response rates being 71.7, 72.7, and 69.0%, respectively. The information was assessed for solvent exposure by two occupational hygienists without knowledge of the patients' diagnoses. Seven male and seven female liver cancer cases had been exposed to solvents, the odds ratio being less than 1 for the men but greater than 3 for the women irrespective of the reference group used for comparison. The results confirm the authors' earlier findings. When both materials were combined, the odds ratio was 7.8 for the female liver cancer cases as compared with the infarction referents. In the combined material, nine female liver cancer cases, two stomach cancer referents, but no infarction referent had had at least probable exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbons. Such exposure was rare among all of the men in the study. This finding may explain why the increased liver cancer risk occurred only for the women, although a sex difference in sensitivity cannot be completely ruled out. PMID- 3212413 TI - Occupational exposure to ethylene oxide. Relation between in vivo dose and exposure dose. AB - As a basis for risk estimations for ethylene oxide (EtO) exposure and for the establishment of occupational exposure limits in work environments it is important to know the ratio between the in vivo dose and the exposure dose of this compound. For an assessment of this ratio, data on hemoglobin adduct levels in occupationally exposed workers and exposure levels in the work environment have been collected. The in vivo dose is directly proportional to the product of the uptake and retention time (1/lambda) of EtO in the body. The rate of clearance (lambda) of EtO has been calculated for individual workers from adduct levels and estimated EtO uptake. The wide range of lambda values found (approximately 1-65 h-1) can only partly be ascribed to a true variation between individuals with respect to clearance rates. One uncertainty results from the difficulties to estimate EtO uptake. A better estimate of lambda (approximately 3 h-1) is probably derived from the measurements of environmental and instantaneous blood concentrations of EtO in exposed workers by Brugnone et al [Int Arch Occup Environ Health 58 (1986) 105-112]. PMID- 3212414 TI - Relation between lead and cadmium in blood and the involuntary smoking of children. AB - The blood lead (PbB) and blood cadmium (CdB) levels, as well as the parental smoking habits, of 133 children aged 4 to 11 years were studied. The children were from a town with a lead smeltery and a surrounding rural area. There was a significant association between the higher PbB levels of the children and involuntary (parental) smoking in the home. The CdB levels of the children were not affected by parental smoking habits. The children whose parents did not smoke at home had lower PbB values than those with one smoking parent. These children, in turn, had lower levels than children with two smoking parents. Mothers who smoked had a greater impact than fathers who smoked. There was also a dose response relationship between the amount of tobacco smoked by the mother and the PbB level of the child. The PbB value was higher for the children living near industrial lead emissions than for children from the rural area. The association between PbB level and involuntary smoking is probably not due to inhalation of lead originating from tobacco smoke. A small airways disease affecting the absorption of inhaled lead particles is proposed as an explanation. PMID- 3212416 TI - [Annual meeting of the Swiss Society of Cardiology. Basel, 5-6 May 1988. Proceedings]. PMID- 3212415 TI - Tobacco smoke removal with room air cleaners. AB - The ability of room air cleaners to remove gases and particles from air contaminated with tobacco smoke has been studied. Thirty-one air cleaners were tested. Various air-cleaning devices were used, ie, electrostatic precipitators, electret fiber filters, ionizers, activated carbon, impregnated alumina, ionizing lamps, and an electron generator. The airflow rates were in the range of 0-500 m3/h. The measurements covered particle sizes of 0.01-7.5 microns and the following gases: carbon monoxide, ammonia, formaldehyde, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons, and hydrogen cyanide. No formal standard procedure exists for testing room air cleaners; therefore the tests were made in the following way. Tobacco smoke was generated and mixed in a closed room. The room air cleaner was started, and the decay rates for the gases and particles were measured. The results were calculated as equivalent airflow rates, ie, the clean airflow rate causing the same decay rate for contaminant concentrations in a room. The equivalent airflow rates were 0-360 m3/h. The rate of ozone emission by electrostatic precipitators and ionizers was also measured. One general conclusion was that it is much more difficult to remove gases than particles. PMID- 3212418 TI - [Therapy of valvular stenosis: surgical treatment vs percutaneous balloon dilatation]. AB - Balloon valvuloplasty has been recommended as an alternative to surgery, and therefore this new procedure needs to be compared with cardiac valve replacement. In our experience with 284 consecutive patients, hospital mortality was 1.8% (including multiple valve replacement); 5 years postoperatively survival was 92%, and 94% of the patients had an embolism-free course. To investigate the efficiency of balloon valvuloplasty, this procedure was carried out under direct vision in the operating room prior to excision and replacement of the calcified aortic valve. In two-thirds of patients balloon dilatation did not have a detectable impact on valvular anatomy. In clinical reports the calculated mean aortic valve area did not exceed 1 cm2 (orifice area of the St. Jude valve No. 25 = 3.07 cm2). A good functional result can only be expected from mitral balloon valvuloplasty in the absence of sclerotic alterations of the subvalvular structures. As regards the risk of balloon valvuloplasty for the patient, hospital mortality associated with this procedure is not below that of surgical valve replacement (6.2% in the French Registry for balloon dilatation, 1.8% in our own experience for surgical patients aged over 70 years). An alarming observation is that the beneficial effect of aortic balloon valvuloplasty on the pressure gradient ceases within a relatively short period. For patients with mitral balloon dilatation the risk of arterial thromboembolism and the development of valvular regurgitation must be taken into consideration. The area of clinical application for Balloon valvuloplasty can at present be outlined as follows. The procedure is regarded as the treatment of choice only for pulmonary stenosis. For congenital and rheumatic aortic valve stenosis balloon dilatation may be a useful method for younger individuals if the cusps are not immobilized by calcified masses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3212417 TI - [Percutaneous valvuloplasty using a balloon catheter in acquired mitral and aortic stenosis in adults]. AB - Since 1984 to 1985, catheter dilation of mitral stenosis and aortic stenosis has been added to the arsenal of interventional cardiology. In mitral valvuloplasty the left atrium is approached by transseptal catheterization. Dilation is normally performed by two balloon catheters of 20 mm diameter. One or two dilations of 20 sec duration are usually sufficient to open the mitral valve by cracking one or two fused commissures. In our series of 61 patients the mitral valve area had more than doubled (from 1.03 +/- 0.27 cm2 to 2.17 +/- 0.71 cm2). The most suitable subjects for the technique are young patients in sinus rhythm with relatively elastic valve leaflets, few calcifications, little distortion of the subvalvular apparatus and no major regurgitations. However, mitral valvuloplasty can also be tried in less favourable conditions where there are surgical contraindications, particularly in elderly patients. The complications of the technique are in fact rare. The functional improvement is spectacular and control studies over two years show no tendency to restenosis. --In aortic valvuloplasty a retrograde arterial approach is used. Balloon catheters of increasing size are consecutively employed, starting from 15-20 and even 23 mm diameter. Forceful dilation is needed not only to overcome leaflet fusion but also to compress the valvular structures against the aortic wall to render them more pliable and break the calcifications. --Since September 1985 over 400 patients have undergone valvuloplasty at Rouen with satisfactory overall results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3212419 TI - [Morphology of myocardial infarct]. AB - The biochemical, histochemical, electron microscopic and light microscopic changes in acute ischemic myocardial damage and infarction are reviewed. Early morphologic indicators of irreversible myocardial damage are rupture of the sarcolemma and contraction band necrosis. The size of the infarction increases with the duration of ischemia. Therapy resulting in early reperfusion minimizes the size of the infarction but may cause reperfusion damage. PMID- 3212420 TI - [Current strategy in the treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Systemic thrombolysis significantly reduces mortality in acute myocardial infarction if the treatment is administered rapidly after the first symptoms become manifest. To optimize utilization of this new treatment, patients should be accepted for thrombolysis if they can be admitted to a hospital with intensive care units within less than three hours of first clinical signs of acute myocardial infarction evidenced by electrocardiogram. The patients should undergo coronary angiography only if chest pain or ischemic ECG changes at rest or under exercise can be documented after thrombolysis or in young patients with large infarct. If this therapeutic revolution is exploited with care and selecting the best indications, the patient will benefit from improved management. PMID- 3212422 TI - [Intravenous streptokinase therapy in acute myocardial infarct in a district hospital]. AB - As part of the international multicentre ISIS-2 study, 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction have been randomized for treatment with streptokinase in this district hospital since summer 1986. Twelve received active streptokinase. The treatment has proved practicable and free of serious problems, even in a smaller-size hospital, provided the patients are carefully selected. PMID- 3212421 TI - [Initial experiences with thrombolysis in Swiss hospitals. Synopsis of a round table discussion]. AB - Thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has resulted in significant reduction of mortality, limitation of infarct size and preservation of left ventricular function. Among the panelists there was consensus with respect to the following recommendations for efficient thrombolytic therapy of AMI: the prehospital phase should be considerably shortened, especially by reducing patient delay. This can be achieved by rendering patients aware of symptoms of AMI and the need for immediate hospitalization on their occurrence. After contraindications have been ruled out, intravenous thrombolysis should be started in every case where the time elapsed since the onset of pain is not greater than 3 hours. In patients with large infarctions intravenous thrombolysis is indicated up to 6 hours after onset of pain. Accompanying medication should include heparinization and administration of aspirin. When reperfusion is achieved the patient should be monitored for recurrence of ischemia. Regardless of symptoms recurrence of ischemia requires immediate coronary arteriography with a view to revascularization by PTCA or bypass surgery. Patients without recurrence of spontaneous ischemia should undergo ergometric stress testing before leaving the hospital. Exercise-induced angina or ST segment depression are strong indications for coronary arteriography. PMID- 3212423 TI - [Systemic thrombolysis using streptokinase. Experiences at the Civic Hospital of Lugano in the framework of the ISIS-2 study]. AB - With a small group of Swiss hospitals we had an opportunity of participating in ISIS-2, the major study on thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Experience with our microcosm (Ospedale Civico Lugano) was compared with the macrocosm of the results of ISIS-2 in 17,187 randomized patients (in brackets). Mortality was 5.1% (7.8%) in our streptokinase group and 15.8% (12.8%) in our placebo group. In the ISIS-2 study the combination of thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase, and of antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, showed a reduction of approximately one third in acute mortality of myocardial infarction, stroke and reinfarction. Our experience confirms the reduced incidence of allergic side effects (3.5%), major bleeding (0.3%) and minor bleeding (2.9%) during or after thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 3212424 TI - ["Ambulatory" monitoring of left ventricular function using a scintillation detection system. Evaluation of a new method]. AB - To validate a new portable scintillation probe (VEST) for determination of LV function, 68 patients were studied after standard radionuclide angiography (RNA). Reproducibility of VEST LV-ejection fraction was good (rest r = 0.93; exercise r = 0.96) with unchanged probe position, somewhat less good after probe repositioning (r = 0.84) and correlated with RNA (rest r = 0.79; exercise r = 0.83). Long term measurements in 7 patients showed valid data for up to 12 hours. Combined with simultaneous two lead ECG recording VEST seems suitable for detection of transient changes of LV function such as occur during ischemia or due to drug treatment. PMID- 3212425 TI - [Anti-tachycardia pacemakers: welcome alternative in the therapy of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia]. AB - Antitachycardia pacemakers can detect paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVT) and interrupt them automatically by atrial overdrive pacing. In patients with PSVT, antitachycardia pacing offers a therapeutic alternative to drug treatment. The authors present the long term follow-up in their patients and explain the indication for implantation. PMID- 3212426 TI - [Hyperphosphatemia and transient renal insufficiency following chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. AB - Acute renal failure during treatment of lymphoblastic malignancies is usually due to drug toxicity or acute uric nephropathy. Observations were recently reported where extreme hyperphosphatemia may represent another pathophysiological mechanism. We describe 2 cases, in 36- and 77-year-old women, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Acute renal failure was observed 2 days after cytotoxic treatment. Maximal blood creatinine values were 860 and 550 mumol/l respectively, and for phosphate 6.3 and 7.5 mmol/l. With oral phosphate binders, and after four peritoneal exchanges for the second patient, renal function gradually returned to normal values within 4 weeks. Tumor lysis syndrome with associated hyperphosphatemia is described exclusively in lymphoblastic malignancies and renal failure is probably a consequence of intratubular calcium phosphate precipitation. In this situation prophylactic administration of phosphate binders and attentive monitoring of phosphatemia are necessary. PMID- 3212427 TI - [Papillary-cystic tumor of the pancreas in young women]. AB - A case of papillary-cystic (solid cystic) tumor of the pancreas in a 15-year-old woman is presented. This type of tumor is of low grade malignancy and is without endocrinological activity. It is usually found in young women. The treatment is surgical resection. PMID- 3212428 TI - [Caries prevalence in schoolchildren in the canton of Zurich. The results in the period of 1963 to 1987]. PMID- 3212429 TI - [Effect of the root canal anatomy on the choice of the canal anchorage]. PMID- 3212430 TI - [Computer systems for dental practice. A survey of the products in German speaking areas]. PMID- 3212431 TI - [A computer-dentist questionnaire. The opinions of dentists on the requirements for a computer in practice--a written survey in the German-speaking part of Switzerland]. PMID- 3212432 TI - [Root resorption. The maintenance for many years of an incisor almost devoid of root]. PMID- 3212433 TI - [Pedodontics (II). The development of the permanent dentition and its morphological differences with reference to the milk teeth]. PMID- 3212434 TI - Toxicology of fungicides: effects of 270 days administration of zinc ethylene-bis dithiocarbamate in Friesian cattle. PMID- 3212435 TI - [Surgical removal of a cyst from the iris of a horse]. PMID- 3212436 TI - [Uterine gland cyst in a cow: an unusual condition]. PMID- 3212437 TI - [Segmentary aplasia of a uterine horn (uterus unicornis) in a cow of the beef breed Senepol]. PMID- 3212438 TI - Evolution of human walking. PMID- 3212440 TI - Gene therapy in gestation. PMID- 3212439 TI - Obstacles to developing vaccines for the Third World. PMID- 3212441 TI - To sequence or not to sequence. PMID- 3212442 TI - Ignorance in action. PMID- 3212443 TI - Starvaholics? PMID- 3212444 TI - All in the family. PMID- 3212445 TI - A medical director speaks on physician remuneration for nursing home services. PMID- 3212446 TI - Organosilicon and related group IV species in the aquatic environment. Papers presented at a symposium. Anaheim, CA, U.S.A., 7-12 September 1986. PMID- 3212447 TI - Distribution of silicones in water, sediment and fish in Japanese rivers. AB - A new analytical method for assaying polyorganosiloxanes (silicones) in environmental samples is presented. The method utilizes petroleum for solvent extraction of the sample (water, sediment, biological tissue) together with inductively coupled plasma detection of the extracted organic silicones. The detection limit for silicones in the final methyl isobutyl ketone sample/extract is approximately 0.01 ppm, and the method is applied to samples from various Japanese rivers to quantify silicones in several environmental materials. Silicones are reported from river waters (up to approximately 50 ppb), riverine sediments (up to 6 ppm), and as an extractable component of fish tissue (up to approximately 0.9 ppm). PMID- 3212448 TI - Environmental methylation of tin: an assessment. AB - The chemical and biological methylation of tin under environmental conditions is reviewed. The question of whether methyltin species form in situ in the environment is also considered. Analytical approaches using hydridization techniques give quite sensitive results. Incubation studies of environmental microorganisms and sediment have demonstrated the formation of methyltin species, and similar conversions have been observed with chemical methylating agents such as methyl cobalamin and methyl iodide. PMID- 3212449 TI - Silicone as a trace contaminant in laboratory solvents. AB - This paper examines a suite of lipid solvents for their utility as solvents for silicone analysis by Raman spectroscopy, and discusses the observation that off the-shelf reagents could be contaminated by silicone during manufacture. Of the solvents examined, only chloroform was transparent in those spectral regions (chiefly 500 cm-1) in which silicone exhibits its Raman spectrum. Also, the chloroform examined showed evidence of silicone contamination. Therefore, chloroform is suggested as a suitable solvent for Raman spectroscopic work involving silicone, if one is careful to confirm that the chosen chloroform is not contaminated by silicone. PMID- 3212450 TI - Possible methylation of inorganic mercury by silicones in the environment. AB - Organosiloxanes (silicones) are being released to the environment in increasing quantities, and there are questions concerning the reactivity of silicones as methylating agents under environmental conditions. Specifically, the interaction of inorganic mercury and polydimethylsiloxanes, and other silicones, to give methylmercury is important in this content. To this end a series of laboratory experiments, in which inorganic mercury, short and long chain silicones, cyclic siloxanes, oxidized silicone gums, and industrial formulations containing silicones, were conducted. In all cases, there was evidence of the production of methylmercury, a finding of potential significance. Analyses for methylmercury and related silicon-containing degradation products were conducted using a combination of gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and head-space gas analysis. PMID- 3212451 TI - A comparison of the rates of methylation of mercury(II) species in aquatic media by various organotin and organosilicon moieties. AB - Metals can be methylated in environmental aqueous media by a variety of organotin and organosilicon compounds. Main group metals and metalloids were surveyed for the identification of species that can either donate or accept methyl groups. The methylation of mercury(II) by trimethyltin cation was found to be a bimolecular reaction, the reaction rate of which decreased with increasing chloride concentration. Kinetic investigations using NMR techniques showed that the most important pairs of reactants were (CH3)3Sn+ + HgCl2, (CH3)3SnCl + HgCl2, and (CH3)3SnCl + HgCl-3. Sodium 2,2,3,3-tetradeutero-3-(trimethylsilyl)propionate (TSP) and sodium 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulfonate (DSS) were found to methylate mercury(II). Organylsilatranes were found to transfer their organic groups readily to mercury(II) to produce organomercury compounds. PMID- 3212452 TI - Polydimethylsiloxanes associated with indoor and outdoor airborne particles. AB - Electrical contacts are subject to damage by interaction with silicone oils. These oils, which can cause catastrophic failure of electrical contacts, can arise as vapors or aerosols from components of the environment in which the contacts operate. To assess the potential environmental burden of silicones which could be transferred from source to sink (electrical contact), an aerosol sampling methodology was developed which collects silicone-bearing aerosols. These aerosols, collected with impactors and Teflon filters, are then analyzed by a pyrolysis/mass spectrometric method. As little as 0.1 ng of a given viscosity silicone fluid may be detected using this analytical approach. The fingerprint pyrolysis fragments in this study are cyclic dimethylsiloxanes such as hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (molecular weight = 222), the detection of which is characteristic of polymeric silicone-bearing contaminants in the atmosphere surrounding the silicone-vulnerable electrical contacts. PMID- 3212453 TI - Silicon as a trace nutrient. AB - Silicon performs an important role in connective tissue, especially in bone and cartilage. Silicon's primary effect in bone and cartilage appears to be on formation of the organic matrix. Bone and cartilage abnormalities are associated with a reduction in matrix components, resulting in the establishment of a requirement for silicon in collagen and glycosaminoglycan formation. Additional support for silicon's metabolic role in connective tissue is provided by the finding that silicon is a major ion of osteogenic cells, especially high in the metabolically active state of the cell. Further studies also indicate that silicon participates in the biochemistry of subcellular enzyme-containing structures. Silicon also forms important relationships with other elements. Although it is clear from the body of recent work that silicon performs a specific metabolic function, a structural role has been proposed for silicon in connective tissue. A relationship established between silicon and aging probably relates to glycosaminoglycan changes. PMID- 3212454 TI - Mercury content of some marine fish from the southern Caribbean Sea. AB - The mercury concentration in muscle and liver of 63 specimens, comprising 17 species of edible fish from coastal waters of the Caribbean Sea near Cumana, was determined by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Hg content of edible muscle tissue, expressed on a fresh weight basis, varied from 0.048 microgram g-1 in lisa (Mugil curema) to 0.190 microgram g-1 in tajali (Trichiurus lepturus), with an average value of 0.096 +/- 0.042 microgram g-1. The corresponding values for liver varied from 0.135 microgram g-1 in lebranche (Mugil brasiliensis) to 0.361 micrograms g-1 in tajali (Trichiurus lepturus), with an average value of 0.269 +/- 0.059 microgram g-1. Of the 17 species analysed, seven had a mercury concentration greater than 0.10 microgram g-1 and the remainder contained less than 0.08 microgram g-1 in edible muscle tissue. PMID- 3212455 TI - Pesticide use related to cancer incidence as studied in a rural district of Hungary. AB - General mortality analysis showed an increasing tendency of circulatory diseases in two villages examined. Respiratory diseases and suicide were more frequent in the village with greater pesticide use (village I). The relative risk (RR) of gastric cancer for men is significantly higher in village I (high rate of pesticide use) than in the county as a whole (RR, 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.96-2.83) and also in relation to the national data (RR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.91-5.36). Since the nitrate concentration in the drinking water, the drug consumption, smoking and eating habits are similar in the two villages, and since alcohol consumption is higher in village II (moderate rate of pesticide use), it seems that nitrosable pesticides may play a role in the etiology of stomach cancer. This is supported by the fact that a higher number of gastric cancer cases was found where larger quantities of nitrosable pesticides had been used. PMID- 3212456 TI - Calibration of a solid state nuclear track detector for the measurement of indoor levels of radon and its daughters. AB - Time-integrated measurements of environmental radiation levels are commonly carried out using solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD). These detectors are particularly suitable for monitoring indoor radiation, however they should be calibrated for the measurement of the levels of radon (Rn) and its daughters likely to be found in dwellings. This paper reports the results of experiments conducted to calibrate cellulose nitrate film. LR-115 type II, which is used for the measurement of Rn levels in indoor environments of dwellings in India. The detector was exposed to varying concentrations of Rn inside an exposure chamber both in Bare and in Cup with membrane modes. We obtained calibration factors of 1.05 x 10(-3) tracks cm2 day-1 per pCi m-3 (2.84 x 10(-2) tracks cm-2 day-1 per Bq m-3) and 4.8 x 10(2) tracks cm-2 day-1 per WL of Rn. PMID- 3212457 TI - Pah determination in samples of environmental interest. AB - Several compounds of the PAH class were determined in samples of various origin: from an urban solid waste incinerator (USWI), electric power plants, atmospheric precipitation, and from samples of soil close to pollution sources. Different analytical procedures were tested and employed to attain the most reliable data. In analyzing a variety of samples with respect to origin or mode of formation, the study demonstrated the ubiquitous nature of PAH and determined their quantitative and qualitative profile. PMID- 3212458 TI - Changes in the activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase associated with magnetic fields. PMID- 3212459 TI - Atmospheric deposition of arsenic and selenium across Canada using Sphagnum moss as a biomonitor. AB - A biomonitoring study was made of the atmospheric deposition of arsenic and selenium across northern Canada utilizing Sphagnum fuscum moss. Intensive sampling was carried out adjacent to the smelter at Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec. An average background concentration of arsenic in the moss of 0.66 mg kg-1 was determined, while most selenium concentrations were below the detection limit of 0.2 mg kg-1. Elevated arsenic concentrations were found in the vicinity of the mining and smelting areas of Flin Flon, Manitoba, and Atikokan, Ontario. High concentrations of selenium were detected only near Rouyn-Noranda. Both arsenic and selenium occurred in moss at concentrations lower than found in Canadian soils. PMID- 3212460 TI - [The effect of diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy in surgical intensive care medicine]. PMID- 3212461 TI - Accidental hypothermia. PMID- 3212462 TI - [Management of complicated fractures of the forearm. External fixation and early changes in procedures]. PMID- 3212463 TI - [Postoperative treatment of knee joint arthrolyses with position changes or continuous passive movement]. PMID- 3212464 TI - ["Stable" fracture of the ulna shaft. Biomechanics and therapeutic consequences]. PMID- 3212465 TI - [Prognosis and therapy of closed, distal, intra-articular fractures of the tibia]. PMID- 3212467 TI - The role of nuclear medicine in infectious disease. PMID- 3212468 TI - The role of nuclear medicine in infectious disease. PMID- 3212466 TI - Planning corrective osteotomy of the distal end of the radius. 2. Computer-aided planning and postoperative follow-up. PMID- 3212469 TI - Detection of acute inflammation with 111In-labeled nonspecific polyclonal IgG. AB - The detection of focal sites of inflammation is an integral part of the clinical evaluation of the febrile patient. When anatomically distinct abscesses are present, lesion detection can be accomplished by standard radiographic techniques, particularly in patients with normal anatomy. At the phlegmon stage, however, and in patients who have undergone surgery, these techniques are considerably less effective. While radionuclide methods, such as Gallium-67 (67Ga)-citrate and Indium-111 (111In)-labeled WBCs have been relatively successful for the detection of early inflammation, neither approach is ideal. In the course of studies addressing the use of specific organism-directed antibodies for imaging experimental infections in animals, we observed that nonspecific polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) localized as well as specific antibodies. Preliminary experiments suggested that the Fc portion of IgG is necessary for effective inflammation localization. Since polyclonal IgG in gram quantities has been safely used for therapy in patients with immune deficiency states, we decided to test whether milligram quantities of radiolabeled IgG could image focal sites of inflammation in humans. Thus far, we have studied a series of 84 patients with suspected lesions in the abdomen, pelvis, vascular grafts, lungs, or bones/joints. In 48 of 52 patients with focal lesions detected by surgery, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound (US), the IgG scan correctly localized the site, while 31 patients without focal inflammation had no abnormal focal localization of the radiopharmaceutical. Four patients had false negative scans and one patient had a false positive scan. For this small series, the overall sensitivity and specificity were 92% and 95%, respectively. In this report, we review our experience with this exciting new agent. PMID- 3212470 TI - Infection control in the Department of Nuclear Medicine. AB - Concern about the spread of infections in the hospital setting has prompted regulatory agencies to mandate infection control standards. Each hospital department is required to have written policies and procedures which describe measures to prevent and control the spread of nosocomial infections (hospital acquired infections), along with quality assurance programs to assure that procedures are followed. The Department of Nuclear Medicine, as other departments, should have procedures which address special precautions for the prevention of nosocomial infections. This article will focus on a new approach to prevent nosocomial infections, guidelines for handling patients and contaminated equipment, and the importance of quality assurance activities to monitor compliance to established standards. An opening discussion on the routes of transmission, and factors necessary for transmission of infection, will serve as a review to assist with understanding the concept for handling the hospitalized patient in a Nuclear Medicine setting. PMID- 3212472 TI - Impotence: psychosocial aspects, evaluation methods, and treatments. PMID- 3212473 TI - Post ESWL positioning. PMID- 3212471 TI - Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of liver gene expression during various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. PMID- 3212474 TI - Urodynamics in the computer age. PMID- 3212475 TI - Cystometric studies: a balloon as a teaching tool. PMID- 3212476 TI - Getting ready for certification. PMID- 3212478 TI - [Get-started groups--rehabilitation of cancer patients]. PMID- 3212477 TI - Female urinary incontinence: an algorithmic approach. PMID- 3212479 TI - [Care and treatment of children with leukemia]. PMID- 3212480 TI - [An oncology department with a difference]. PMID- 3212481 TI - [The European cancer year is near]. PMID- 3212482 TI - [Women and breast cancer]. PMID- 3212483 TI - [Patient information--a challenge]. PMID- 3212484 TI - Posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint: report of two cases, with emphasis on radiologic management and early diagnosis. AB - Posterior dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint are uncommon, but are potentially quite serious. Radiologic diagnosis and management are frequently difficult. The specialized projections available are not widely known, and the role of plain films is poorly understood. The incidence, pathomechanics, and clinical manifestations of such dislocations are presented and the radiologic diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 3212486 TI - Plastic bowing of the ribs in children. AB - Four cases of plastic bowing of the ribs are presented. In three patients with Werdnig-Hoffman disease, plastic curvatures were associated with chronic pneumonia and atelectasis. We postulate that intrapulmonary retractive forces can deform ribs thinned by muscular atrophy. In turn, thoracic collapse can perpetuate lobar and segmental atelectasis. In one case of osteogenesis imperfecta without pneumonia, we believe normal muscle forces bent ribs weakened by deficiency of normal cortical architecture. PMID- 3212485 TI - The rib gap anomaly in partial or mosaic trisomy 8. AB - Gaps in the first ribs were observed in two children, one with partial and the other with mosaic trisomy for chromosome 8. The sign may be considered in conjunction with other features as a relative indication for chromosomal studies. PMID- 3212488 TI - Prediction of the compressive strength of vertebral bodies of the lumbar spine by quantitative computed tomography. AB - The ultimate compressive strength of 36 thoracolumbar vertebrae was determined experimentally. In addition, the trabecular bone mineral content was measured by single energy quantitative computed tomography. The areas of fractured endplates were also determined by computed tomography. The results show that a linear relationship exists between the compressive strength and the product of bone density and endplate area. These data allow an in vivo prediction of vertebral body strength using a noninvasive method with a standard error of estimate amounting to less than 0.95 kN. PMID- 3212487 TI - The value of immersion hand radiography in soft tissue changes of musculoskeletal disorders. AB - Immersion hand radiographs were performed on 25 patients with various clinical presentations and compared to plain radiographic studies of the hands. The immersion technique is superior in outlining the skin, subcutaneous fat layers, and fat layers between muscle planes. More important, this technique highlights the tendons and soft tissue components of the joint, which are hardly seen on standard hand radiographs. Immersion studies are therefore useful, both in the early diagnosis of erosive arthritis and in the follow-up of the course of the disease. They are recommended as an adjunct to conventional hand radiography in musculoskeletal disorders with soft tissue involvement. PMID- 3212489 TI - Accuracy of visually estimated bone mineralization in routine radiographs of the lower extremity. AB - In order to determine the accuracy of reports of demineralization based on observations of routine radiographs of the peripheral skeleton, pairs of radiographs with known difference in bone mineral density (BMD) were shown to a panel of medically qualified observers. No significant difference in the rate of correct identification of osteopenia of metaphyseal and diaphyseal bone was observed. Experienced observers were more accurate than their juniors. The probability of correct identification was greater than 0.5 at all levels of BMD difference, and in general increased with increasing BMD differences, reaching a probability of 0.7 at a BMD difference of 30%. The probability increased considerably when the assessment relied on the majority vote of three or more observers. It is concluded that it is inadvisable for a single observer to judge BMD when studying routine X-ray studies of the peripheral skeleton. PMID- 3212490 TI - Radiological evaluation of prosthetic fit in below-the-knee amputees. AB - Fourteen artificial limbs in eight adult patients with below the knee amputations were evaluated for prosthetic fit by several radiological parameters. The best objective means of evaluation of prosthetic adequacy is piston action. PMID- 3212491 TI - History of pain in the ankles, lower legs, arms, hands, head and face. Case report. PMID- 3212494 TI - Case report 483: Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM), medially displaced, with complex tear. PMID- 3212492 TI - Case report 472: Heretical giant cell tumor in the diaphysis of the ulna in a 7 month-old boy. PMID- 3212493 TI - Case report 482: Chondrosarcoma (grade 1) arising from the right second toe in patient with multiple enchondromas. PMID- 3212495 TI - Case report 484: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the left fifth rib. PMID- 3212496 TI - Case report 485: Werner syndrome. PMID- 3212497 TI - Case report 486: Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SDT) (presumptively proved). PMID- 3212498 TI - Case report 488: Post-traumatic myositis ossificans mimicking a soft tissue neoplasm. PMID- 3212499 TI - Case report 489. PMID- 3212500 TI - Anthropological studies of diarrheal illness. PMID- 3212501 TI - Rapid ethnographic assessment: applications in a diarrhea management program. AB - This paper reports on a rapid ethnographic assessment methodology (REA) that was developed as an essential component of the dietary management of diarrhea (DMD) program. The DMD program is an interdisciplinary research project that has been developed to design intervention programs to reduce or eliminate the nutritional complications of diarrhea in Peru and Nigeria. Anthropological data gathering was an important component of the intervention design, but time and budgetary constraints required a rapid methodological approach. This paper outlines the REA methodology, describes the advantages and disadvantages of the approach, and discusses future applications for international primary health care interventions. PMID- 3212502 TI - Anthropology and oral rehydration therapy. PMID- 3212503 TI - Mystification of a simple solution: oral rehydration therapy in northeast Brazil. AB - Problems in the control of access to and administration of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in Northeast Brazil are described and discussed. Administration of ORT is controlled by the medical establishment, which is in general opposed to the use of home made and home administered ORT. Reasons for this resistance are discussed in terms of anthropological theories on ritual, mystification, and the social construction of reality; the medical establishment is described as using ORT as a symbol and guarantor of social status and power. Finally, an innovative program to circumvent the medical establishment by teaching ORT to traditional healers is described; the healers' integration of ORT into religious healing ceremonies is analyzed. PMID- 3212504 TI - From aralu to ORS: Sinhalese perceptions of digestion, diarrhea, and dehydration. AB - This paper explores popular Sinhalese perceptions of diarrheal diseases and related health care behavior. Also addressed are cultural interpretations of dehydration and perceptions of oral rehydration solution (ORS). The social marketing of ORS is considered. It is suggested that the marketing of ORS be more closely linked to education programs which promote appropriate conceptualization of dehydration. The need to more closely integrate nutrition education and diarrheal management programs is discussed. PMID- 3212506 TI - Some preliminary considerations on the sobada: a traditional treatment for gastrointestinal illness in Costa Rica. AB - Although Costa Rica has one of the most effective national health systems in Latin America, popular medicine still persists. The sobada is a traditional healing technique which involves rubbing. Used principally to treat pega, a folk diagnosed gastrointestinal condition which mainly affects children and old people, it was used by 70% of a random sample of families from the poorer barrios of San Jose. In recent years Costa Rica's health system has been under great strain because of increased costs and numbers of users. The prevalence and possible resurgence of the sobada may be an adaptation of poor people to national health services which have grown suddenly very large and impersonal and to the recent introduction of oral rehydration in hospital settings. PMID- 3212505 TI - Mothers' concepts of childhood diarrhea in rural Pakistan: what ORT program planners should know. AB - Diarrhea is the leading cause of infant and child death in Pakistan. Appropriately, the development of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) programs has become a major priority of the Pakistan Ministry of Health and of international funding agencies. Paradoxically, however, there is virtually no published anthropological literature on diarrhea-related traditional health beliefs and practices among the rural and illiterate people who make up 90% of the nation's population. The study reported on here focuses on these matters and suggests important implications for the multimillion-dollar ORT programs currently being launched. Mothers' ethnomedical models of diarrheal disease and concepts of appropriate treatment are discussed, as are practical problems relating to the effective implementation of ORT in such a setting. The results underline the need for anthropological studies as an adjunct to health interventions involving behavioral modification. PMID- 3212507 TI - The household management of childhood diarrhea in rural north India. AB - An in-depth anthropological study of child diarrhea in 3 villages in rural North India investigated the variation in the household management of child diarrhea. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used to collect data on a series of variables, including maternal knowledge, beliefs, and practices during diarrhea, feeding and fluid intake during diarrhea, treatment choices, and knowledge and use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT). The results showed both positive and negative diarrhea management behaviors. Almost all mothers continued to breastfeed normally, and did not decrease fluids during diarrhea. A shift in the child's diet toward 'softer' and 'cooler' foods rather than the withholding of food was the norm. The use of anti-diarrheals was widespread. Acceptance and sustained use of ORT was found to be inversely related to an understanding of the function of ORT. Eighty-one percent of mothers who had previously used ORT but who do not plan to use it again were dissatisfied because it 'did not stop the diarrhea'. These mothers thought that ORT was a medicine that would cure the diarrhea. Therefore, in ORT interventions there is a need to explain that the function of ORT is to replace lost fluids, and not to stop the diarrhea. Anthropological research of household diarrhea management can provide important information that will result in improved intervention design. Messages that are meant to change behavior must be based upon the target group's perception. PMID- 3212508 TI - Adoption of oral rehydration therapy among Haitian mothers. AB - The paper reports findings from a study of mothers' knowledge and use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for childhood diarrhea in a mixed urban and rural population in Haiti. From the perspectives of the adoption of a medical innovation and the decision to use it in various situations, we assessed the differential exposure to information about the treatment and identified sociocultural factors which predict ORT knowledge, utilization, and choice between alternative methods of preparation (packaged mix versus home recipe). Three hundred and twenty mothers and caretakers of preschool children were given a questionnaire to compare respondent characteristics and attributes of recent episodes of child diarrhea in relation to knowledge and use of ORT. The data were analyzed with multiple regression techniques to determine which factors had independent effects on 6 outcome variables. Significant effects were found for urban/rural residence; literacy; economic position; use of medical services; conjugal status; and the explanatory model of the effect of ORT. No characteristics of diarrheal episodes had predictive effects in the multivariate analyses. PMID- 3212509 TI - Anthropological involvement in the Central American diarrheal disease control project. AB - The process of conducting applied anthropological work leading to health program development and evaluation is seldom described in the literature. This paper discusses the combination of factors which led to the involvement of anthropologists in the Central American Child Survival Project and how anthropological approaches are being used in the project. Ethnoclassification was used to illustrate the discrepancy between the proposed approach to treatment for dehydration produced by diarrheal disease and the actual beliefs and practices in 4 Central American communities. Techniques such as rapid, focused assessment using anthropological methods of data collection and presentation are discussed, as are strategies for presenting this information to health program planners and administrators. PMID- 3212511 TI - [Relation of ethanol levels in human blood to body weight and liver function]. PMID- 3212510 TI - [Detection and determination of flunitrazepam in biological material]. PMID- 3212512 TI - [Urgent problems of medical services for vocational school students]. PMID- 3212513 TI - [Automated information search systems in medicine]. PMID- 3212514 TI - [Study of the activities of physicians at health education centers of different categories]. PMID- 3212515 TI - [Urgent problems in improving demographical policy]. PMID- 3212516 TI - [Ways of improving general mass screening of the population]. PMID- 3212517 TI - [Knowledge of workers and engineering and technical personnel of industrial plants concerning the risk factors of various chronic diseases]. PMID- 3212518 TI - [The problem of postgraduate training of physicians]. PMID- 3212519 TI - [Toxic shock]. PMID- 3212520 TI - [Sorption detoxication in cirrhosis of the liver]. PMID- 3212521 TI - [Morphotypes of serum crystallograms in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3212522 TI - [Clinical significance of hypergastrinemia]. PMID- 3212523 TI - [Review of methodological recommendations with regard to the treatment of burns]. PMID- 3212524 TI - [Spread of the tumor as a prognostic factor in cancer of the thoracic segment of the esophagus]. PMID- 3212526 TI - [Surface activity of gastric juice in peptide ulcer]. PMID- 3212525 TI - [Subjective and objective characteristics of nocturnal sleep in neuroses]. PMID- 3212527 TI - [Endolymphatic polytherapy in the complex treatment of endotoxicosis]. PMID- 3212529 TI - [Conservative treatment of male infertility]. PMID- 3212528 TI - [Prognosis of the course and outcome of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3212530 TI - [Cardiorespiratory reactions to physical load in patients with a history of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 3212532 TI - [Reaction of systemic hemodynamics to physical load in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3212531 TI - [Non-pharmacological methods of treatment of neurocirculatory asthenia]. PMID- 3212533 TI - [Early ventricular repolarization syndromes]. PMID- 3212534 TI - [Experience with using automated insulin infusion systems in diabetes mellitus type 1]. PMID- 3212535 TI - [Effect of ticlopidine on the course of diabetic microangiopathy]. PMID- 3212536 TI - [Synthesis of oxygen free radicals by neutrophils in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 3212537 TI - [Indicators of homeostasis in the surgical treatment of suppurative-inflammatory diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3212538 TI - [Somatic disorders during psychotherapy of patients with different personality characteristics]. PMID- 3212539 TI - [Dislocations of the acromial end of the clavicle]. PMID- 3212540 TI - [Food poisoning caused by halophilic Vibrio parahaemolyticus]. PMID- 3212541 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in acute viral hepatitis with the cholestatic syndrome]. PMID- 3212542 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute fatty liver and viral hepatitis in pregnancy]. PMID- 3212544 TI - [Means of limiting disability in multiple trauma of the wrist]. PMID- 3212543 TI - [Acid-excretory function of the kidneys in food poisoning]. PMID- 3212545 TI - [Coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood in allergic diseases]. PMID- 3212546 TI - [Hormonal changes in secondary sterility]. PMID- 3212547 TI - [Purulent epiduritis of the spine]. PMID- 3212548 TI - [Pericardial effusion in hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3212549 TI - [A case of a cure of a patient with a severe form of puerperal eclampsia]. PMID- 3212551 TI - [The pathogenesis of Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 3212550 TI - [The role of cytoprotective factors in the pathogenesis of ulcers]. PMID- 3212552 TI - [Occlusion of vessels using Hydrogel emboli]. PMID- 3212553 TI - [Hemosorption on anionite in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3212554 TI - [Experience in the use of Soviet-made drug delivery systems in the chemotherapy of malignant tumors]. PMID- 3212556 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia]. PMID- 3212555 TI - [Intracoronary thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3212557 TI - [Medical and economic efficacy of the detection, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with cancer of the stomach and cancer of the cervix]. PMID- 3212558 TI - [Economic efficacy of the rehabilitation of invalids with trauma of the locomotor system]. PMID- 3212559 TI - [Differential therapy of stenocardia]. PMID- 3212561 TI - [Staphylococcal pneumonia]. PMID- 3212560 TI - [Prognosis of ischemic heart disease as affected by therapeutic and surgical treatment]. PMID- 3212562 TI - [Treatment of chronic bronchitis at a day hospital using proteinase inhibitors]. PMID- 3212563 TI - [The role of x-ray examination in the detection of early cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 3212564 TI - [Indices of hemodynamics and external respiration in patients with cancer of the lung treated with preoperative irradiation]. PMID- 3212565 TI - [The effect of apressin on the results of the Valsalva test in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3212567 TI - [Factors in the progression of the epileptic process]. PMID- 3212566 TI - [Treatment of paralytic intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3212568 TI - [Causes of failures and means for their prevention in the sclerotherapy of a left sided varicocele]. PMID- 3212569 TI - Discitis after discography. AB - A series of nine patients with post-discography discitis were evaluated to help delineate the clinical course. The most consistent sign was the marked exacerbation of neck or back pain. This then was followed by an elevated sedimentation rate at an average of 20 days, followed by a positive bone scan at an average of 33 days. Of note is that seven patients initially had negative bone scans at an average of 18 days. Five out of nine patients had changes on plain roentgenograms between 14 and 51 days after discography. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in six patients; two of these patients were scanned twice. Three scans were negative and five were positive (2 patients initially had negative scans that later became positive). The course of lumbar discitis ranged from 8 to 11 weeks, and cervical discitis from 6 to 7 weeks, with the latter usually resulting in spontaneous fusion. PMID- 3212570 TI - Biomechanical analysis of experimental spinal cord injury and functional loss. AB - Spinal cord injury was studied using a drop-weight technique in a rat model. A constant weight of 10 g was dropped from 2.5, 5.0 and 17.5 cm heights. The trauma delivered was quantified by biomechanical parameters of weight drop height, maximum force, and impulse, while the functional deficit produced by injury was quantified in terms of the maximum inclined plane score, hindlimb motor score, and combined behavioral score. Highly significant (P = 0.0001) relationships were found within the biomechanical parameters of trauma as well as between the trauma and the functional parameters at 4 weeks after injury. The impulse was found to be the best predictor of the functional loss (r = 0.79, P = 0.0001). PMID- 3212571 TI - Observer variation in assessing spinal curvature and skeletal development in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Accurate measurements of spinal curvature and skeletal development are crucial in planning treatment and assessing curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). An inter-rater agreement trial was undertaken to estimate the reliability of measuring these spinal parameters. Two orthopaedic surgeons and two trained technicians from a scoliosis clinic independently read 30 anteroposterior roentgenograms of AIS patients. Skeletal maturity was assessed using the six-point Risser sign scale, and spinal curvature was measured using the method of Cobb. Excellent agreement was observed in evaluating Risser signs (Kappa = 0.8) and primary Cobb angles (intra-class correlation coefficient, Rho = 0.98). The standard deviation of inter-observer error in measuring primary Cobb angles was 2.5 degrees, and the intra-reader error, based on one observer's reassessments of 15 films, was 1.9 degrees. Inter-rater agreement for assessing secondary Cobb angles was much lower (Rho = 0.52) because small curves (less than 20 degrees) were often not noticed. Differences in agreement between surgeons and technicians were relatively minor. These results indicate that personnel trained at this clinic are able to assess these spinal parameters reliably. PMID- 3212572 TI - Rotatory olisthesis in idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Lateral subluxation of one vertebral body upon another (rotatory olisthesis) has been associated with increased incidence of back pain in scoliosis. This study was undertaken to identify the presence of and characterize rotatory olisthesis and its association with the following parameters: age, sex, curve type, curve magnitude, level of occurrence, region within curves, primary vs. secondary curves, severity of slip, and association with pain. Charts of 636 patients were reviewed for the presence or absence of pain. Curve measurements and the occurrence of rotatory olisthesis were noted. Rotatory olisthesis was statistically unrelated to the occurrence of pain associated with idiopathic scoliosis. It was significantly associated with increasing age and curve magnitude. Lumbar curves with rotatory olisthesis were more likely to be associated with radicular pain. PMID- 3212573 TI - Estimation of force and extensor moment contributions of the disc and ligaments at L4-L5. AB - An anatomic-mathematical representation of the individual ligaments and disc at L4-L5 was used in a model to examine their role in joint behavior. Geometry of the anatomic components was obtained from cadaveric dissection and the anatomic literature; mechanical properties were obtained from various literature sources. Resistance to flexion of the L4-L5 joint was simulated using various ligament cross-sectional areas, and combined loading modes of compression coupled with bending in an attempt to understand physiologic conditions that may occur during activities such as lifting. Results suggest that the interspinous ligament sustains the greatest stress during flexion at L4-L5, is the dominant component in resistance to flexion, and also creates large shear components that must be resisted by the facet complex. Simulated compressive loads of 6300 N were noted to allow an additional 2 degrees of flexion at the joint. PMID- 3212574 TI - The diagnostic value of facet joint injections. AB - This study evaluates the specificity of facet joint injections in diagnosing symptomatic facet joint pain. Fifty-four patients had 143 facet joint injections performed in a prospective study. Pain provocation and pain relief were used to confirm the diagnosis. All patients had symptoms and signs considered suggestive of facet joint pain. Less than 1.5 ml of bupivacaine was injected into each joint to prevent extravasation. Only nine patients (16.7%) had the diagnosis confirmed, significantly lower than most published results. An anatomic study performed suggests that extravasation into the epidural space occurs following rupture of the joint capsule. This provides an explanation by which good therapeutic results can be obtained if large volumes of therapeutic agent are used. PMID- 3212575 TI - The outcome of surgery for lumbar disc herniation. I. A 4-17 years' follow-up with emphasis on somatic aspects. AB - Records of 575 patients operated on for the first time for lumbar disc herniation have been reviewed. Four to 17 years after the operation 371 (65%) patients answered a questionnaire on number of reoperations, working capacity, lumbar or sciatic pain as well as necessity of treatment. Of these, 255 (70%) still complained of back pain, and 83 (23%) of this group complained of constant heavy pain; 172 patients (45%) have a residual sciatica; 131 (35%) are still under some kind of treatment; 47 (14%) patients are receiving a disability pension. Repeat operations were performed in 17%. Based on the criteria given by Spine Update 1984 as related to justified or unjustified indication there was no statistical difference in long-term results concerning the above-mentioned criteria of success. The so-called justified indication for disc herniation neurosurgery does not necessarily imply a good long-term result. In the preoperative investigation, not only symptoms and neurological signs, but also the socially and personally defined career of the illness are of importance. The patients with complaints, mainly those receiving a pension, are psychologically conspicuous and show more psychopathological features as monitored by MMPI than the patients without complaints after surgery. Psychological assessment should increasingly be used in the preoperative evaluation, especially in patients who do not present an absolute indication for neurosurgical intervention. PMID- 3212576 TI - [Surgical treatment of multiple carcinomas of the colon and rectum]. PMID- 3212577 TI - [Clinical trial of cefobid-cefoperazone in the treatment of urinary infections]. PMID- 3212578 TI - [The importance of bronchial drainage in the treatment of patients with chronic bronchial obstruction]. PMID- 3212580 TI - [Sociomedical significance of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3212579 TI - [The influenza virus--an important agent in the development of the pneumonia syndrome]. PMID- 3212581 TI - [Use of the proteolytic preparation, Lekozim, in the treatment of chalazion]. PMID- 3212582 TI - [Incidence of malignant tumors in blood relations of patients with cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 3212583 TI - [Acute staphylococcal rhinitis in neonates]. PMID- 3212584 TI - [Desmopressin (L-desamino-8-arginine-vasopressin): antidiuretic and hemostatic effects]. PMID- 3212585 TI - [Dosage of antimicrobial drugs in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3212586 TI - [Acyclovir in the treatment of viral infections]. PMID- 3212587 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomography of meniscopathies using 3DFT (3-Dimensional Fourier Transform) and a secondary reconstruction technic]. PMID- 3212588 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomography of the orbit in endocrine orbitopathy]. PMID- 3212589 TI - [Value of percutaneous radiotherapy of bladder cancer]. PMID- 3212590 TI - Acute pancreatitis. Hillbrow Hospital experience. PMID- 3212591 TI - Solitary schwannomas of cranial-nerve origin presenting in the neck. A report of 4 cases. PMID- 3212593 TI - Warthin's tumour in a black patient. A case report. PMID- 3212592 TI - Pre-operative use of thyroxine to reduce vascularity and bulk of hypervascular multinodular thyroid goitre. A case report. PMID- 3212595 TI - Commentary: actuarial research and analysis. PMID- 3212594 TI - Technical aids in surgery. Treatment of flexion contractures of the knee joint with a slow continuous stretch apparatus. A report of 3 cases. PMID- 3212597 TI - [Naftidrofuryl--a new direction in angiologic therapy. Symposium of the 17th annual meeting of the German Society of Angiology. Esslingen, 1988]. PMID- 3212596 TI - Physically demanding occupations, health, and work after retirement: findings from the New Beneficiary Survey. AB - This article uses data on a recent cohort of Social Security retired-worker beneficiaries to examine the predictors of work after initial receipt of benefits. It focuses on two factors: an analysis of the effects of ill health and of employment in a physically demanding occupation in the year preceding receipt of benefits. Based on responses received during the Social Security Administration's New Beneficiary Survey, the employment of men in a physically demanding occupation is associated with a lower probability of work in retirement; the existence of a work-limiting health condition also lowers their probability of work. Full-time, full-year workers in 1979 who had changed jobs in the years just preceding the receipt of Social Security benefits were more likely to work after they became beneficiaries. It may be that workers anticipate constraints on their ability to continue working on a job and reduce the effect of those constraints through earlier job changes. The finding that the work effort of women beneficiaries is not affected by previous employment in occupations identified as physically demanding may signify the failure of customary physical demand indices to measure stress on those jobs in which women are most likely to be employed. PMID- 3212598 TI - [Human endothelial cells in vitro under a hydrodynamic shear stress: drug effects on cell adhesiveness and non-thrombogenicity of vessel intimal cells]. PMID- 3212599 TI - [Capillary microscopic effect of naftidrofuryl in peripheral arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 3212600 TI - [Effects of naftidrofuryl on macro-, microcirculation, tissue oxygen consumption and blood flow]. PMID- 3212601 TI - [Effect of intravenous naftidrofuryl on the microcirculation of patients in stages III and IV of arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 3212602 TI - [Naftidrofuryl in stages III and IV of peripheral arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 3212603 TI - [Naftidrofuryl in patients with multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 3212604 TI - [Inhibition of the spasmogenic effect of exogenous and endogenous serotonin on isolated blood vessels by naftidrofuryl]. PMID- 3212605 TI - Effects of naftidrofuryl on pathological EEG topography. PMID- 3212606 TI - [Nursing work load and quality. Measuring of nursing work load as a method toward optimalization]. PMID- 3212607 TI - [Open community project. What is an open community?]. PMID- 3212608 TI - [Professional/ethical council: a central forum for all nurses]. PMID- 3212609 TI - [Finally, male nurses--expectations and reality]. PMID- 3212610 TI - [Cleaning and disinfection of incubators. New guidelines from the National Institute for Public Health]. PMID- 3212611 TI - [AIDS. HIV testing of pregnant women]. PMID- 3212612 TI - [Open community project. Planning today decides health services for the aged tomorrow]. PMID- 3212613 TI - [Service pensions. Be aware of your pension rights before you request them]. PMID- 3212614 TI - [AIDS--society's Achilles heel]. PMID- 3212615 TI - [Dialogue in nursing--worth a discussion]. PMID- 3212616 TI - [AIDS--a fourth pandemic?]. PMID- 3212617 TI - [Continuing education in geriatric care--a fine and socially important challenge. Interview by Eivind Berggrav]. PMID- 3212618 TI - [Deaf-blind. to live in the least of all worlds]. PMID- 3212619 TI - [Workgroup of European Nurse-Researchers 1978-1988. A look backwards at a pioneer group in European nursing research]. PMID- 3212620 TI - [Professional/ethical council. Artificial life support]. PMID- 3212621 TI - [Self care. Need for care and age in a retirement center]. PMID- 3212622 TI - [Organization of a hospital. Should someone have all the power?]. PMID- 3212623 TI - [Much to learn from soccer. Interview by Kjell Arne Bakke]. PMID- 3212624 TI - [Men in nursing--'brothers' under the skin?]. PMID- 3212626 TI - [Professional guidelines in nursing services. Current certification system and continuing education]. PMID- 3212627 TI - [HIV testing of pregnant women and ethics]. PMID- 3212625 TI - [Organization of the hospital. Much apparent disagreement between physicians and nurses. Interview by Kjell Arne Bakke]. PMID- 3212628 TI - [A challenge--also for the Norwegian Nurses' Association]. PMID- 3212629 TI - [Takeoff in Finnmark, that's worthwhile!]. PMID- 3212630 TI - [Focus on Finnmark. Professional development for the entire staff]. PMID- 3212631 TI - [Nursing science, I. Observation and efficiency-directed philosophy]. PMID- 3212632 TI - [Nursing science. II. Human dignity and quiet competence]. PMID- 3212633 TI - [AIDS epidemic--challenge with possibilities]. PMID- 3212634 TI - [Psychiatry. Ethical conflicts in treatment situations]. PMID- 3212635 TI - [Should all elderly persons be forced into "health care for the elderly"?]. PMID- 3212637 TI - [Proposal for federal budget--something for nurses?]. PMID- 3212636 TI - [Ethics: adapt your attitude to dying!]. PMID- 3212638 TI - [Sunnaas Hospital: rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 3212639 TI - [Sunnaas Hospital: psychological rehabilitation in spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 3212640 TI - [Alternative medicine. Acupuncture is interesting, also for nurses]. PMID- 3212641 TI - [Nursing college in Tromso--a northern Norwegian professional center]. PMID- 3212642 TI - [Operating room nursing: patient care in the operating department]. PMID- 3212643 TI - [Norwegian Nurses' Association on administration of the hospital. Interview by Kjell Arne Bakke]. PMID- 3212644 TI - [The aged and drugs. Drug utilization among stay-at-home elderly]. PMID- 3212645 TI - [With the same purpose]. PMID- 3212646 TI - [Turnover in the hospital. The flow of nurses can be reduced]. PMID- 3212647 TI - [Basic concepts in nursing--hope and potential art]. PMID- 3212649 TI - [Organization in the hospital]. PMID- 3212648 TI - [Time studies. Nurses are constantly with patients]. PMID- 3212650 TI - [Vaccine research--88. Vaccination against infectious meningitis]. PMID- 3212651 TI - [Operating room nurses--no on behalf of the patients. Interview by Born Arild Ostby]. PMID- 3212652 TI - [Nursing of children. Pain treatment--also for children]. PMID- 3212653 TI - [In with AF (Academic Joint Organization)--"out with nursing aides"]. PMID- 3212654 TI - [NSF (Norwegian Nurses' Association in the AF (Academic Joint Organization). Nobody will hereafter be able to overlook the AF]. PMID- 3212655 TI - [NSF in the AF. Academic Joint Organization is reinforced]. PMID- 3212656 TI - [NSF in the AF. What is the Academic Joint Organization?]. PMID- 3212657 TI - [Crisis and catastrophe. A field for specialists?. Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby]. PMID- 3212658 TI - [Jurisprudence in the work place. Legal relationship between physician and nurse. Overview of what the current laws imply]. PMID- 3212659 TI - [Okern project--more responsibility for nursing assistants. Interview by Kjell Arne Bakke]. PMID- 3212661 TI - [Administration of health facilities]. PMID- 3212660 TI - [British nurses want a strike]. PMID- 3212662 TI - [Compulsory participation in education?]. PMID- 3212663 TI - [Psychiatric nursing--a qualified resource]. PMID- 3212664 TI - [Rehabilitation of stroke patients. Nurses' position weak in recognized hospital]. PMID- 3212665 TI - [AIDS: uncritical use of the HIV antibody test]. PMID- 3212666 TI - [Report from the USA. A genuine children's hospital]. PMID- 3212667 TI - [Professional organization should work together because they are in agreement]. PMID- 3212668 TI - [Nurses' Assistants' Organization. Regret--that there is professional conflict. Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby]. PMID- 3212669 TI - Identification of motor neurons for accessory muscles of inspiration and expiration, pectoralis, trapezius and external oblique: comparison with non respiratory skeletal muscle. AB - The motor neurons for the accessory muscles of respiration, pectoralis, trapezius, external oblique, and the rectus abdominis were studied in the spinal cord. The objective was to determine if the localization and morphology of the motor neurons for these muscles bear any distinct relationship to the specialized function of these muscles, serving both as supportive skeletal muscles and as accessory respiratory muscles. In addition, it was of interest to know if the inspiratory role of the pectoralis and trapezius muscles and the expiratory role of the external oblique and rectus abdominis are related to the spatial organization of the motor neurons; this knowledge may be important in the discrimination of influences from afferent connections. The motor neurons for these muscles were retrogradely labeled with true blue and were compared with the triceps motor neurons. All neurons occurred ipsilateral and most labeling occurred in C6-7. The motor neurons for the accessory muscles were mainly confined to the ventrolateral tip of the ventral gray matter. The triceps neurons were dorsolateral to the respiratory related neurons in C6-7. Within the confines of the ventrolateral area, the majority of neurons for the pectoralis were localized medial to ventromedial, those for the trapezius were ventrolateral, and those for the external oblique were in the extreme ventrolateral to ventral sections of C7. No neurons were observed in C2 to T2 for the rectus abdominis. A second neuronal column occurred medioventrally in the ventral gray of C4-6 for the trapezius, and is distinct and separated from the C6-7 cell column.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3212670 TI - Nuclear protein kinase substrates in AtT-20 cells: translocation of a 14 kDa phosphoprotein. AB - In this work we characterize some acidic nuclear substrates of protein kinase C (PKC) and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), using intact anterior pituitary corticotrophic tumor cells (AtT-20/D16-16). It was found that, as in the cytosolic fraction, substrates for both PKC and PKA exist in the nucleus and that changes in the phosphorylation states of a few of these phosphoproteins are mediated by both kinases. One of the phosphoproteins examined, a 14 kDa phosphoprotein (pp14) described previously, exhibited a phorbol-ester induced translocation from nucleus to cytosol in pulse-chase experiments utilizing 35S methionine labeling. These results suggest that pp14 may be involved in signal transduction in AtT-20 cells. Although its identity remains to be determined, a 14 kDa DNA-binding protein was also seen in nuclear extracts of AtT-20 cells. PMID- 3212671 TI - Control of feeding and sexual behaviors by neuropeptide Y: physiological implications. AB - Recent evidence suggests that a variety of hypothalamic neuropeptides may mediate interneuronal communication to coordinate diverse neuroendocrine and behavioral functions. In this work, we describe the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on feeding and sexual behaviors. We observed that central administration of bolus NPY stimulated a robust, dose-related feeding response in satiated male and female rats. Continuous NPY receptor activation also evoked dose-related, intermittent feeding in a manner normally observed during nocturnal feeding. It appears that the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus may be the primary site of NPY action because the anticipated reciprocal changes in NPY concentrations, in response to food deprivation followed by ad libitum food intake, occurred only in this site. Additional findings revealed that NPY-induced feeding may follow either substantial reduction or complete restraint of an inhibitory influence on feeding mediated by alpha 2-adrenoreceptor systems in satiated rats. Further, NPY was found to suppress male and female sexual behaviors. The suppressive effects on sexual behavior were apparent prior to or at the time of the onset of feeding after NPY administration. These observations may provide a neurochemical basis for clinical and animal studies on disorders of feeding associated with diminished reproductive functions. PMID- 3212672 TI - Norepinephrine throughout the spinal cord of the cat: I. Normal quantitative laminar and segmental distribution. AB - Norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were measured by radioenzymatic assay in microdissected individual laminae of each segment of the cat spinal cord. Norepinephrine was detected in all areas of the spinal gray matter and showed more than a 7-fold difference in concentration between the laminae with the highest and lowest NE. The cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral spinal regions showed significant interlaminar differences in NE. Intersegmental changes in NE were seen within single laminae of the thoracic and lumbosacral spinal cord, but not in the cervical spinal cord. A significant rostral to caudal, increasing regional gradient of NE was observed from the cervical to lumbosacral spinal cord in laminae I-III, V, VI, VII, and IX. In the intermediolateral cell column (IML), epinephrine concentrations were 2 to 5% of NE. Neither neurotransmitter showed a significant intersegmental variation in the IML. These data should prove useful in further defining the precise role of NE in specific regions of the spinal cord that mediate sensory, motor, autonomic, or propriospinal functions. PMID- 3212673 TI - Heterogeneity of motilin immunoreactivity in mammalian tissue. AB - Motilin is a 22 amino acid peptide first isolated and sequenced from porcine gut. The use of antisera directed to the synthetic porcine gut motilin sequence has produced conflicting results as to regional distribution and histological localization of motilin in mammalian brain and gut. Motilin immunoreactivity has been detected (by RIA) in brain regions where no immunostaining is discernible. Variations in the patterns of staining are also observed with different antisera. These discrepancies have been explained by postulating species-, tissue-, and region-specific variations in peptide immunoreactivity, and variable cross reactivities of the independent antisera with these forms. The use of cloned porcine cDNA encoding gut prepromotilin in Northern blot analysis of brain regions expressing motilin-like immunoreactivity has also failed to reveal a homologous message, questioning the true nature of the immunoreactive material in the brain. Physiological studies, however, have suggested central roles for motilin in a variety of CNS (feeding behavior, bladder control, cerebral and brain stem modulation, pituitary growth hormone release) and gastrointestinal (gastric emptying, intestinal motility) functions. The motilin immunoreactive material detected in brain may be encoded by a distinct non-homologous gene, and still share amino acid homologies with the motilin sequence. Molecular biological characterization of the cell systems which contain motilin and motilin-like immunoreactivity should allow a better definition of their roles in these tissues. PMID- 3212676 TI - [Many nurses leave for reason of illness]. PMID- 3212675 TI - Physiological correlates of responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) recorded from rat visual cortical neurons in vitro. AB - Responses to focal application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were compared to synaptic potentials elicited by afferent stimulation of rat visual cortical neurons, using a slice preparation and conventional intracellular recording techniques. GABA produced three types of responses: a brief hyperpolarization (mean reversal potential, -72 mV), brief depolarization (mean reversal potential, -50 mV), or a prolonged hyperpolarization (mean reversal potential, -80 mV). Synaptic potentials included simple or complex EPSPs and EPSPs followed by mono- or biphasic IPSPs. A comparison of the characteristics of the GABA responses and synaptic potentials indicated that GABA may mediate both phases of the IPSP in these cells. Our results suggest that despite differences in the circuitry of the visual cortex as opposed to other neocortical and allocortical (hippocampal) areas (Mountcastle and Poggio, 1968; Colonnier and Rossignol, 1969; Creutzfeldt, 1978; Kuhlenbeck, 1978), the inhibitory control of cortical pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons by GABA is quite similar. PMID- 3212677 TI - [Europe has a need for a community nurse]. PMID- 3212674 TI - Role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in cardiovascular responses to stress. AB - Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a putative sympathetic neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, is released during sympathetic nerve stimulation and causes vasoconstriction and cardiodepression. Whether the release of NPY contributes to stress-induced cardiovascular responses was assessed by studying i) plasma levels of circulating NPY-immunoreactivity (NPY-ir) during various stress paradigms and ii) mechanisms of action of NPY in the cardiovascular system of the rat. Plasma NPY-ir was increased by all stress situations, such as transfer to a new environment (by 52%), exposure to cold water (4 degrees C) (by 117%) and hemorrhage (4 ml/300 g body weight) (by 231%). The cold water, stress-induced, maximal increase in circulating plasma NPY-ir was delayed in relation to the peak pressor response by 10-20 min. Administration of NPY caused dose-dependent pressor responses that were greater in pithed rats--which have all centrally mediated circulatory reflexes removed--than in conscious rats. Infusion of a low pressor (8.5 +/- 1.5 mm Hg) dose of norepinephrine into conscious rats potentiated NPY-mediated pressor responses 2-fold and also tended to increase bradycardic effect of a higher dose of NPY (by 19%). Thus hypertensive and bradycardiac actions of NPY appear to depend on the level of adrenergic activity and on the interactions at the level of vascular smooth muscle, heart, and baroreceptor reflexes. During a hyperadrenergic state such as stress, cardiovascular effects of NPY may be greatly accentuated. NPY may enhance and prolong the stress-induced hypertensive responses while antagonizing adrenergic cardiostimulation. PMID- 3212678 TI - [Thousands of projects for Health for All]. PMID- 3212679 TI - [Senile dementia: equality and integration]. PMID- 3212680 TI - [Professional nursing competence must be recognized]. PMID- 3212681 TI - [Diabetes mellitus. Psychological crisis. Anna is 12 years old]. PMID- 3212682 TI - [Health visiting and connection to an old house]. PMID- 3212683 TI - [Nurse saves girl's life. Interview by Mette Ellegaard]. PMID- 3212684 TI - [10 years with children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate]. PMID- 3212685 TI - [Changeover. So long as we get counties with hospital and departmental leadership]. PMID- 3212687 TI - [Psychological working environment]. PMID- 3212686 TI - [Nursing home area. The elderly can do it themselves]. PMID- 3212688 TI - [Relief work--a power factor]. PMID- 3212689 TI - [Record revenue in Folkekirkens Nodhjaelp (People's Church Relief Assistance)]. PMID- 3212690 TI - [Good news which can make statistics less worrisome]. PMID- 3212691 TI - [Drugs--dosage forms]. PMID- 3212692 TI - [It is necessary to do away with old traditions]. PMID- 3212693 TI - [A student is good for emptying wastebaskets]. PMID- 3212694 TI - [Infants motor activity. Baby's first year]. PMID- 3212695 TI - [Children's conditions. Teach your child how to act before sexual abuse]. PMID- 3212697 TI - [Social medicine for teachers]. PMID- 3212698 TI - [My son's accident and criteria for brain death]. PMID- 3212696 TI - [Mustard gas should not be investigated as a treatment protocol]. PMID- 3212699 TI - [Various administrative changes have solved a lot of problems in nursing]. PMID- 3212700 TI - [Cancer--children. Family weekend]. PMID- 3212701 TI - [Relatives also are in need of nursing care]. PMID- 3212702 TI - [Drug distribution. Drugs at own responsibility]. PMID- 3212703 TI - [Alternative treatment. Totally behind your health. 11. Your personal health. 1- food and the body]. PMID- 3212704 TI - [Part-time employees should pay for cost reductions]. PMID- 3212705 TI - [Psychiatric treatment forms. Milieu therapy in St. Hans]. PMID- 3212706 TI - [Brain death criteria. An organ donor's death]. PMID- 3212707 TI - [We have been everything but clever]. PMID- 3212708 TI - [AIDS prevention. Information will counteract fear about unfortunate influences]. PMID- 3212709 TI - [5, 6 or 7 lithotriptors]. PMID- 3212710 TI - [Psychotherapy. Only experience can help us]. PMID- 3212711 TI - [Education. Fewer inquire, but apply their brakes]. PMID- 3212712 TI - [Development. SUM (Social Ministry Development Means) which could create lasting changes in research arrangements]. PMID- 3212713 TI - [Deaf-blindness. The least of all worlds]. PMID- 3212714 TI - [Psychotherapy. Reliving one's own birth]. PMID- 3212715 TI - [Minister of Health: do nurses want too much?. Interview by Grethe Kjaergaard]. PMID- 3212716 TI - [Executive Board. Important local discussion about education in the year 2000]. PMID- 3212717 TI - [Ethics. Physicians' dilemma in priority setting of patients]. PMID- 3212718 TI - The influence of nursing diagnosis on patient outcomes in the critical care setting. PMID- 3212719 TI - [The first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in an USSR citizen]. PMID- 3212720 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs in a pulmonological hospital and the possibilities of their prevention]. AB - Respiratory tuberculosis in a pulmonary inpatient setting is not rare but, as a rule, is not diagnosed in time. Tuberculosis-directed alertness, especially in patients with an atypical lingering course of disease, the absence of the effect of nonspecific antibacterial therapy, risk factors (immunodeficiency state, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, prolonged glucocorticoid therapy), and the disease oriented screening permit early diagnosis of respiratory tuberculosis. PMID- 3212722 TI - [Malignant pericardial mesothelioma]. PMID- 3212721 TI - [Clinical evaluation of biochemical diagnostic studies]. AB - The principles and difficulties of enzyme diagnosis of myocardial infarction, differential diagnostic significance of a study of isoenzymatic activity, and some difficulties of topical diagnosis on the basis of enzymatic tests were considered the light of modern methods of clinical biochemistry. The necessity of enzyme diagnosis was assessed and substantiated. It was shown that the problems of pathobiochemistry of coronary heart disease were not limited to lipoprotein metabolic derangements only; the diagnostic importance of a HDL cholesterol value was assessed. The diagnostic importance of microalbuminuria and the activity of N acetyl-beta-glucoaminidase in the diagnosis of essential hypertension and symptomatic hypertension was underlined. PMID- 3212723 TI - [Nonspecific aortoarteritis with coarctation of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 3212724 TI - [Myxoma of the left atrium extending to the ventricular cavity]. PMID- 3212725 TI - [Clinical observation of cardiac rhythm disorder in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease]. PMID- 3212727 TI - [A case of chylorrhea in the lumen of the large intestine]. PMID- 3212726 TI - [Actinomycosis of the sigmoid simulating intestinal tumor]. PMID- 3212728 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic value of routine methods of additional examination in the clinical management of internal diseases]. PMID- 3212729 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in the internal medicine practice]. PMID- 3212730 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain]. PMID- 3212731 TI - [Possibilities of clinico-laboratory diagnosis of the lymphoadenopathy stage of infection with human immunodeficiency virus]. PMID- 3212732 TI - [Characteristics of cardiac insufficiency in myocardial infarction in the pre rupture period]. AB - Of 61 patients with myocardial infarction (MI), complicated by cardiorrhexis (CR), 72% had heart failure (HF) in the prerupture period. A small MI zone (35.8 +/- 2.6% of the left ventricular area) was marked in 29 cases of instantaneous CR. Coronary arteries (CA) outside the necrotic zone were slightly necrosed (up to 50%). These factors as well as the hyperdynamic syndrome in 75% of the patients with instantaneous CR on the 1st day and a high frequency of left ventricular aneurysms made it possible to associate HF development with myocardial dyskinesia. In prolonged MI there were several HF causes: a large MI zone (47.9 +/- 3.1%), noticeable CA stenosis outside the MI zone. However, early CR development (on the 4th day) and a high frequency of aneurysms (62%) could be indicative of a considerable contribution of dyskinesia to HF development. A variant of prolonged CR combined with dysfunction of the papillary muscles was attended by HF development in 100% of cases in an intermediate value of a MI zone and the CA state. However, dysfunction of the papillary muscles was one of the variants of myocardial dyskinesia. A conclusion was made of an important role played in HF genesis by myocardial dyskinesia binding HF and CR by the single mechanism. PMID- 3212733 TI - [Right-side hypertrophic cardiomyopathies]. AB - A complex of clinicoinstrumental methods (two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, etc.) was used for the detection of right heart hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (RHHCMP) (52 patients aged 16 to 67). Right heart local apical HCMP (20 patients) was characterized by regional hypertrophy (1.45 +/- 0.027 cm) and hypokinesia of the apical segment of the interventricular septum (IVS). Hypertrophy of the IVS second/third and RV apex, a RV peak-like shape on a ventriculogram were revealed in apical RHHCMP (17 patients). Obstructive asymmetric RHHCMP (3 patients) was manifested in a regular increase in the IVS thickness (2.2 +/- 0.17 cm) with the obstruction of the RV cavity. Regional hypertrophy of the IVS basal part (1.47 +/- 0.09 cm), moderate dilation of the right ventricle were observed in obstructive sigmoid RHHCMP (12 patients) with the obstruction of the orifice of the RV or of both ventricles. In some of the examinees RHHCMP was combined with a moderate rise of pulmonary arterial pressure of unknown genesis and with other congenital heart anomalies. PMID- 3212734 TI - [Echocardiography: its 15-year use in the USSR]. PMID- 3212735 TI - [Comparative angiographic evaluation of the functions of the left and right heart ventricles in dilated cardiomyopathy]. AB - The paper is concerned with comparative analysis of disorder of left and right ventricular function (LV and RV, respectively) in 30 patients with dilatation cardiomyopathy after coronography, left and right ventriculography, myocardial biopsy. Disorder of LV and RV contractility was noted, however in most cases LV dysfunction was more noticeable. Direct correlation was revealed between the gravity of LV dysfunction and heart failure, whereas no significant differences were noted between RV parameters and heart failure, IIA-IIB stages. PMID- 3212736 TI - [Clinical manifestations of ischemic heart disease in complete occlusion of one of the major coronary arteries]. AB - A study was made of 41 CHD patients with complete occlusion of one of the major coronary arteries, 32 of them (78%) had a previous history of myocardial infarction (MI). A clinical course in the group of patients after MI was characterized by less severe angina, lesser daily requirement in nitroglycerin, and higher physical exercise tolerance. A more stable course of angina after MI in occlusion of one of the coronary arteries was determined by the level of occlusion, the state of the myocardial zone below the site of occlusion, a possibility of its ischemic response, and the type of collateral circulation. PMID- 3212737 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of secondary infectious endocarditis]. AB - The paper is devoted to analysis of the case histories of 84 dead patients hospitalized to the Cardiosurgical Center for rheumatic heart disease in 1976-86. In 21 cases it was secondary infective endocarditis, unrecognized in 12 (57%) patients during life. Secondary infective endocarditis was shown to cause an increase in acute phase indices in 60% of the patients with acquired heart disease. Early diagnosis of disease made difficult the use of prednisolone in patients suffering from heart disease with a vague febrile state. Secondary infective endocarditis caused no specific changes of any of the studied indices. Its diagnosis should be based on a combined approach with account of rapid deterioration of a course of rheumatic heart disease and a therapeutic effect. PMID- 3212738 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomography of the heart in healthy persons]. AB - Potentialities of MR-tomography of the heart were studied in 20 healthy persons. Synchronization with the cardiac cycle on ECG was used in 15 cases. The VMT-1100 MR-tomograph (Brucker, FRG) was employed. The spinecho technique was used. MR tomography of the heart was performed in axial, sagittal, frontal and oblique planes with relation to the anatomical heart axes. All major heart structures and mediastinal vascular bundles were clearly visualized on MR-images obtained by means of synchronization with the cardiac cycle. In some cases pericardial zones and fragments of coronary arteries were seen. MR-tomography permitted imaging of the heart in a desired phase of the cardiac cycle. This method was shown to be highly informative, providing quality images of the cardiac chambers and walls in different planes, permitting their quantitative and qualitative assessment. Further improvement of the method and programs for it will permit raising its diagnostic potentialities in studies on the heart. PMID- 3212739 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hypertension and/symptomatic renal hypertension by studying monoclonal antibody binding and the rate of Na-Li exchange in erythrocytes]. PMID- 3212740 TI - [A thermographic method of examining peripheral blood circulation]. PMID- 3212741 TI - [Systemic design of a new complex of diagnostic cardiological equipment]. AB - The authors give a brief description of 6 new diagnostic cardiologic devices designed in the USSR. A concept of systemic design of a perspective complex of diagnostic equipment is under discussion. Type of organization of automated working places for a specialist in noninvasive diagnostics and a cardiologist using personal computers is proposed. Such an approach to the design and use of new diagnostic equipment has been shown promising. PMID- 3212742 TI - [Use of automation potential in intensive care units of a multi-profile hospital]. AB - An example of an automated information system of a large general hospital has shown that using a sufficiently informative clinical data base (with a minimal set of parameters) on patients in intensive care departments, it is possible to provide information inquiries of diagnostic units and hospital administration without distracting staff-members on duty to report on the patients' state. The use of an automated bed turnover management system made it possible to reduce the time of patients' admission to hospital, to improve the planning of hospitalization and hospital transfers, to raise the efficacy of bed turnover, and to reduce unproductive labor of the hospital staff. PMID- 3212743 TI - [Diagnostic significance of various symptoms of right-ventricular insufficiency in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. AB - The paper is concerned with the results of echocardiography, Doppler cardiography, radionuclide investigation and direct pressure measurement in the peripheral vein in 22 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and 7 persons with normal bronchial permeability. It was shown that the diameter of the peripheral veins, the pressure and rate of the blood flow in them and liver enlargement in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis depended, to a large extent, on respiratory fluctuations of intrathoracic pressure. A conclusion was made that peripheral vein swelling and liver enlargement which were considered to be common symptoms of the development of right ventricular insufficiency, resulted from an increase in intrathoracic pressure during exhalation making difficult blood venous return to the heart in patients with dramatic disorders of bronchial permeability. PMID- 3212744 TI - [Cardinal problems of alcoholic diseases of the liver]. AB - Proceeding from a clinicofunctional and morphological analysis of the liver state in 367 patients with different variants of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), the authors presented obligatory and optional morphological features of alcoholic hepatitis (AH); possible diagnostic difficulties of AH were considered. Two types stages of alcoholic fibrosis--perivenous and pericellular fibrosis and chronic centrolobular sclerosis were proposed. Chronic active hepatitis of alcoholic etiology was considered as a nosological entity, different interrelationships of alcohol and hepatitis B virus were shown in ALD genesis. PMID- 3212745 TI - [Study of the synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - A comparative study of the synovial fluid (SF) composition was conducted in 72 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with relation to the presence of the rheumatoid factor (RF) and clinical manifestations of this disease. A statistically significant difference in the SF composition (the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and ragocytes) was shown in seropositive and seronegative RA. The content of total protein and glucose in SF did not practically differ in both cases. In the common group of the RA patients correlation was established between the number of neutrophils, the level of total protein, percentage of ragocytes, the level of complement in SF and a degree of general inflammatory activity of disease. A subgroup of RA patients (32%) was identified with the prevalence of lymphocytes, a slight rise of the level of total protein, a low percentage of ragocytes and rather a high level of complement. In 87% of the above patients noticeable osteochondrous destruction (III-IV roentgenological stage) was noted against a background of low inflammatory activity. The data obtained confirmed an important role of SF investigation for the elucidation of the mechanisms of pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and prognosis. PMID- 3212746 TI - [Infarction-like ECG changes in lupus pericarditis]. PMID- 3212747 TI - [Use of nuclear magnetic resonance in differential diagnosis of diseases of the adrenal glands with the syndrome of total and partial hypercorticism]. PMID- 3212748 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis with systemic manifestations: its diagnosis and clinical aspects]. AB - A total of 104 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with systemic manifestations were investigated on the basis of a joint program in the Institute of Rheumatology, AMS, USSR, and in the Polyclinic Medical Institute (Leipzig), GDR. RA systemic manifestations were described, their diagnostic signs presented. Modern instrumental methods for the detection of RA manifestations before the development of their clinical picture (echocardiography, computed tomography, electrophysiological methods for a study of the peripheral nervous system) were assessed. Analysis of correlations between various RA manifestations and laboratory findings permitted the detection of peculiarities of the onset and a course of disease in the study group. The results will contribute to the early detection of systemic RA manifestations. PMID- 3212749 TI - Production of plasminogen activator by alveolar macrophages in normal subjects and patients with interstitial lung disease. AB - Increased production of the serum protease plasminogen activator is associated with tissue damage. The in vitro production of plasminogen activator by alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage was studied in 22 normal subjects and 28 patients with interstitial lung disease to determine whether plasminogen activator is produced by normal alveolar macrophages and whether this is increased in patients with interstitial lung disease. Plasminogen activator activity, measured with an iodine-125 labelled fibrin release assay, was found to be dependent on time, effector cell numbers, and plasminogen concentration. Plasminogen activator production by alveolar macrophages from 14 normal non smokers and eight normal smokers was similar and the mean value was 0.78 (SEM 0.16) urokinase (UK) units x 10(-8)/cell/hour. Alveolar macrophages from the seven patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and six patients with histiocytosis-X produced more plasminogen activator (1.89 (0.25) and 4.54 (1.3) x 10(-8) UK units/cell/hour respectively) than macrophages from normal subjects (p less than 0.05), whereas those from 15 patients with sarcoidosis did not (1.09 (0.2) x 10(-8) UK units/cell/hour). Exposure of normal alveolar macrophages to immune complexes enhanced plasminogen activator production to 2.07 (0.27) x 10( 8) UK units/cell/hour, whereas exposure to products of activated T cells and to purified gamma interferon reduced plasminogen activator production (to 0.38 (0.11) and 0.62 (0.11) x 10(-8) UK units/cell/hour respectively). These studies show that plasminogen activator is produced by normal human alveolar macrophages and that its production is increased in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and histiocytosis-X. PMID- 3212750 TI - Prospective evaluation of fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of lung cancer. AB - The role of fine needle aspiration biopsy has been assessed prospectively in the diagnosis of discrete lung shadows. A questionnaire was completed before each of 100 biopsies (in 97 patients) to determine the clinician's pretest diagnosis and the likelihood of malignancy. The latter estimates were combined with the previously established sensitivity (71%) and specificity (100%) of the procedure for diagnosing malignancy in the unit to allow calculation in each case of the change in certainty of malignancy as a result of the investigation. Among the 100 biopsies there were 73 true positive and 13 true negative results. There were no false positive results but there were 14 false negatives (cases where malignancy was later proved but where the biopsy did not show unequivocal evidence of malignancy). Among the 27 negative biopsy results the clinician had estimated the likelihood of malignancy as 80% or more in 13 cases. In 11 of these 13 patients the eventual diagnosis proved to be a malignant tumour; on the other hand, six of the 10 patients given a less than 50% chance of malignancy had a benign outcome. A positive biopsy result was therefore quantitively of greatest value when the prior estimate of malignancy was low. In the case of the false negative results the prior probability of malignancy was usually sufficiently high to merit further investigation. It is estimated that the procedure led to the avoidance of thoracotomy in up to 14 of 97 patients. PMID- 3212751 TI - Lung function in infants with cystic fibrosis. AB - Lung function was measured in 28 infants with cystic fibrosis and repeated in 17 of the infants during the first year of life. Thoracic gas volume (TGV) and specific airway conductance (sGaw) were measured plethysmographically and maximum forced expiratory flow at functional residual capacity (VmaxFRC) was derived from the partial expiratory flow-volume curve. At the time of the initial evaluation respiratory function was correlated with the clinical condition of the infants but not with age. There was a good correlation between sGaw and VmaxFRC when both were expressed as percentages of the predicted normal values. On the basis of the normal range for sGaw the infants were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 9), who had normal sGaw, were younger and had a lower clinical score and normal VmaxFRC and TGV values. Group B (n = 19), who had low sGaw, had increased TGV and decreased VmaxFRC. There was no correlation with age for any measure of lung function for the population as a whole. Repeat testing was undertaken at intervals in 17 representative infants. In most of these infants the relation between sGaw and VmaxFRC was maintained; there was no evidence that VmaxFRC was affected before sGaw. There was no functional evidence that the earliest changes in cystic fibrosis occur in small airways, as reflected by changes in VmaxFRC in infancy. PMID- 3212752 TI - Effect of histamine on proliferation of normal human adult lung fibroblasts. AB - Fibrotic lung tissue shows increased connective tissue deposition and fibroblast proliferation and in addition a substantial increase in mast cell numbers in and around the fibrotic area. To elucidate the question of whether products of mast cells affect the proliferative behaviour of structural cells in the lung and thereby contribute to fibrogenesis, the effect of histamine, a prominent mast cell derived mediator, on the in vitro proliferation of primary cultures of normal adult human lung fibroblasts was studied. Histamine enhanced fibroblast proliferation in a dose dependent manner, with an optimum effect at a physiological concentration of 10(-7) mol/l. This effect occurred when cells were exposed to histamine at restricted times during cell growth and was shown to depend in part on the stage of the cell cycle reached by the fibroblasts. The histamine induced proliferation was mediated through an H2 histamine receptor on the fibroblast, being inhibited by cimetidine, an H2 antagonist, and not by pyrilamine maleate, an antagonist of the H1 receptor. Mast cell products such as histamine may interact with and promote the increased fibroblast proliferation found in pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 3212753 TI - Lung function 22-35 years after treatment of idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax with talc poudrage or simple drainage. AB - The long term effects on lung function of treatment of idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax by talc poudrage or simple chest drainage were assessed in 114 patients. Subjects were studied 22-35 years after their first pneumothorax with measurement of static and dynamic lung volumes. Eighty patients had been treated with talc pleurodesis and 34 with simple pleural drainage. At the follow up examination 17 had died from what appear to be unrelated causes and two had emigrated. Of the remainder, 75 participated fully in the study, 14 completed a postal questionnaire, and six failed to respond. The group treated with talc poudrage showed a mild restrictive impairment of lung function with a mean total lung capacity (TLC) of 89% predicted. In subjects treated with simple drainage mean TLC was 96% predicted. One subject treated with talc poudrage had extensive pleural calcification and a substantial reduction in lung function (TLC 58% predicted) with some evidence of lung fibrosis. None of the subjects had developed a mesothelioma. We conclude that, although talc poudrage may cause a mild restrictive impairment of lung function and pleural thickening on the chest radiograph, the long term outlook is good. PMID- 3212754 TI - Cough threshold to citric acid in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. AB - The cough reflex has been investigated in insulin dependent diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. The cough response to inhaled citric acid was determined in eight patients with diabetes who had severe autonomic neuropathy and compared with that in 10 who had no evidence of neuropathy. The patients with autonomic neuropathy had a higher median threshold for the cough response to citric acid (median 50%, range 20- greater than 100%) than non neuropathic control patients (median 10%, range 2-20%). These results suggest that vagal innervation of the bronchial tree is damaged by diabetic autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 3212755 TI - Computed tomographic appearance of an oleothorax. AB - Sequelae of oleothorax, formerly used in the treatment of tuberculosis, may still be encountered. A patient is reported whose oleothorax, created 44 years previously, was demonstrated by computed tomography. PMID- 3212756 TI - Recurrent lobar pneumonia associated with idiopathic Eaton-Lambert syndrome. AB - A patient with idiopathic Eaton-Lambert syndrome presenting with recurrent pneumonia as a consequence of the underlying muscle weakness is described. PMID- 3212757 TI - Traumatic tension pneumomediastinum mimicking cardiac tamponade. AB - A tension pneumomediastinum production features of cardiac tamponade developed in a 6 year old girl as a result of trauma. She improved dramatically when the air was released by cervical mediastinotomy. PMID- 3212759 TI - Desmoplastic mesothelioma. PMID- 3212758 TI - Angiotropic large cell lymphoma presenting as interstitial lung disease. AB - A case of angiotropic large cell lymphoma is reported in which the patient presented with only pulmonary symptoms. It suggests that this rare and highly malignant lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease, and shows the value of open lung biopsy in unexplained interstitial lung disease. This patient responded well to treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. PMID- 3212760 TI - [Atrophic rhinitis: assessment of the longitudinal section of the head of pigs in the slaughter line for the determination of incidence and extent of concha atrophy]. AB - Atrophic rhinitis (AR) is a disease which causes economic loss to the pig breeding industry in the Netherlands. Prospective studies were done to detect AR at the slaughter line. Longitudinal sections of nasal cavities, made and inspected at the slaughter line, were compared with transverse ones made at a later stage. By close visual inspection and using a 5 grade-system, atrophy of the turbinate bones, ranging from mild to severe, could be detected. However, when a speed slaughter line was used, it was hard to differentiate between normal and mild atrophy of the turbinate bones. CONCLUSION: prevalence and severity of AR as observed on inspection of the longitudinal nasal cavity section at the slaughter line could be valuable in integrated surveillance of the animal and meat production chain. PMID- 3212761 TI - [The bacterial flora of the hairy skin and the rumen contents of veal calves. A prospective study]. AB - A prospective study of the bacterial flora of the haircoat, rumen contents and interdigital skin was done as part of investigations on the contamination and prevention of contamination of carcases and livestock products of veal calves in the slaughter line. These constitute a source of contamination of the meat during slaughter. Twenty calves were studied. The coats of these calves were found to be severely contaminated by bacteria of faecal origin. In addition to enterobacteriaceae showing multiple resistance to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, large numbers of pseudomonadaceae and Lancefield D streptococci were present in the rumen contents. Small numbers of lactobacilli were identified in the rumen contents. It is concluded that they may have detrimental effects on the safety and quality of the veal and carcases. PMID- 3212763 TI - [From the practice of a civil servant]. PMID- 3212764 TI - [Big thigh breed and Animal Welfare]. PMID- 3212762 TI - [Caseous lymphadenitis in goats in Gelderland: prospects for its control]. AB - An ELISA was developed for the detection of antibodies to the exotoxin of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Experience with the test for control of caseous lymphadenitis in goats in the province of Gelderland is discussed. PMID- 3212765 TI - [Feather picking in parrots]. PMID- 3212766 TI - [Labor market study for veterinary graduates. Final report especially helpful as discussion topic]. PMID- 3212767 TI - Ten years continuous survey of cardiac surgery in the Federal Republic of Germany -an appreciation. PMID- 3212768 TI - Cerebral function analysis during deep hypothermia and total circulatory arrest in infant lambs. AB - Deep hypothermia with total circulatory arrest is an important technique in the surgical treatment of complex congenital heart defects. However, the clinical use of this technique has been accompanied by occasional postoperative neurological abnormalities. Twenty new born lambs (four groups of five) were subjected to deep hypothermia (15 degrees C) and circulatory arrest for 30 min, 45 min, 60 min and 90 min respectively. Their brain electrical response was monitored by means of the Cerebral Function Analysing Monitor (CFAM), which produces a detailed analysis of the electroencephalogram amplitude and analyses the frequency of the waveforms into standard, beta, alpha, theta, and delta bands. After induction of circulatory arrest both the voltage and frequency recordings became isoelectric within 30-180 seconds and remained flat for the duration of the arrest. During the rewarming phase of the latency of time to initial appearance of electrical activity and continuous CFAM recording showed a good correlation with the duration of arrest and also a significant increase (p less than or equal to 0.001) when the circulatory arrest was maintained beyond 45 min. These findings suggest an increasing risk of neurologic damage when the arrest period is longer than 45 min. PMID- 3212769 TI - Assessment of hypertrophy in myocardial biopsies taken during correction of congenital heart disease. AB - Myocardial biopsies were obtained from 27 patients undergoing corrective cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. Normal hearts of 18 autopsied patients were used as reference. The biopsy material was assessed for desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) concentration and ploidy profile of cell nuclei in order to quantitate myocardial hypertrophy at the time of operation. DNA-concentration decreased significantly with age (r = -0.76; p less than 0.001). Ploidy profile of myocardial nuclei correlated with age: the relative number of diploid nuclei decreased (r = -0.67; p less than 0.001), the relative numbers of tetraploid and octoploid nuclei increased with age (r = 0.58; p less than 0.01 and r = 0.77; p less than 0.001 respectively). At 8 years of age the patients with congenital heart disease reached myocardial DNA-concentrations comparable with those in normal adult hearts. At higher age the patients with congenital heart disease exceeded normal adult values for myocardial DNA-concentration. These findings are interpreted to represent rapid development of hypertrophy with an early onset, reaching at 8 years of age values observed in normal adult hearts. Quantitation of myocardial hypertrophy by DNA-concentration and ploidy profile of nuclei may offer a means to explain some of the factors of influence on the outcome of corrective cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease in relation to its timing. Our data stress the need for preventing irreversible myocardial damage by timely (surgical) therapy. PMID- 3212770 TI - Circulatory effects of anisodamine on cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Anisodamine, a new M-cholinergic blocker discovered in China, was employed in experimental dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with a view to observing its hypotensive activities. Before bypass an intravenous bolus injection of anisodamine 5 mg/kg caused a transient fall of about 20 mmHg in arterial blood pressure for 10 to 15 minutes, with an increase of about 10 mmHg in pulse pressure, indicating lowering afterload. During bypass, a continuous intravenous drip of anisodamine brought about 27 to 37 mmHg fall in perfusion pressure (compared with the control group) while the perfusion flow rate was kept constant. Beneficial effects of anisodamine were manifested, post-bypass, by enhancement of cardiac output, lack of elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure, a speedy recovery of the ST segment to normal, and a decrease of the rate pressure product, as results of circulatory improvement and myocardial protection. PMID- 3212771 TI - Performance characteristics of a disposable ventricle assist device. AB - A disposable ventricle assist device (VAD) including atrium, ventricle and trileaflet valves (all polyurethane) can be driven either a) by its original self adjusting drive unit (ABIOMED BVS 5000) or b) by a standard intra-aortic balloon pump console (DATASCOPE). Maximum flow in vitro was 4.3 l/min with the original drive console versus 9.2 l/min for activation with the intra-aortic balloon pump console. Performance characteristics of the VAD were evaluated in 11 bovine experiments. In vivo left ventricular assist for up to 24 hours with VAD and either original drive console or standard intra-aortic balloon pump console showed superior flow on activation with the intra-aortic balloon pump console (5.3 +/- 1.7 l/min) versus original drive console (3.5 +/- 0.5 l/min). After 6 hours of assist (before any transfusions) there was no significant difference in classic parameters for evaluation of blood trauma such as plasma hemoglobin production, LDH production and platelet depletion. We conclude that VAD is extremely simple to use. Activation by an intra-aortic balloon pump console enables significant increase of VAD-output without detectable increase of blood trauma. Successful weaning of VAD activated with standard intra-aortic balloon pump console was possible in a first clinical application. PMID- 3212772 TI - Chest wall resection---alloplastic replacement. AB - In a retrospective study of 302 patients, who were operated on in our centre between 12/85 and 9/87, 25 patients required a chest wall resection. The most frequent indication (11 times) was an infiltration of the thoracic wall by bronchial carcinoma. 8 times we resected a primary rib tumour, in rarer cases a thoracic wall resection was required for mesothelioma, echinococcus alveolaris and tuberculoma. In 10 patients the defect was too small to require a patch. Initially we applied Marlex-mesh and Vicryl-mesh to cover the defects. In our last 10 cases GORE-TEX-2 mm-patch was used. The technical ease of the method, the mechanical stability and durability, the tightness for air and fluid and the positive tissue response speaks for the continued application of this material. Additional methods such as myocutaneous flaps are not necessary and should only be used in complex defects. PMID- 3212773 TI - Mediastinal thymic cyst. AB - A symptomatic anterior mediastinal mass in a 44-year-old woman was found to be a benign thymic cyst. Complete excision was made by anterolateral thoracotomy. Congenital cysts are benign but differentiation from malignant cystic degeneration should be made. PMID- 3212774 TI - Management problems of coincident traumatic diaphragmatic hernia and myocardial infarction. AB - A 32 year old man suffered a traffic accident, and was admitted to the Emergency Department with closed left-sided chest injury. Subsequent standard procedures revealed a traumatic rupture of the diaphragm and resulting hernia. The surgical treatment of these lesions was without complications. Postoperative monitoring showed a persistent elevation of the ST segment, which was considered to be due to the original trauma. After 14 days the patient was discharged, but at a precautionary follow-up two months later coronary angiography revealed severe ischaemic disease and ventricular aneurysm. The diagnostic and management problems of cases such as this are discussed. It is concluded that one should not be tempted by the youth or apparent good health of the patient to take short-cuts at any stage. PMID- 3212776 TI - Spontaneous closure of a traumatic interventricular septal defect following a penetrating chest injury. AB - A case of spontaneous closure of a traumatic ventricular septal defect following a penetrating cardiac injury is presented. The surgical management of these lesions is discussed. PMID- 3212777 TI - Cardiac surgery in the Federal Republic of Germany during 1987. A report by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. PMID- 3212775 TI - Unusual manifestation of valvular vegetations. AB - Mitral obstruction due to a large vegetation of bacterial endocarditis occurred in a 30 year old man. 2-D echocardiogram revealed an echodense mass obstructing the mitral valve. The patient was successfully treated by mitral valve replacement. PMID- 3212778 TI - A histochemical study on lectin binding in the immature enamel and secretory ameloblasts of rat incisors. AB - Four lectin-fluorescent marker conjugates (Con A-F, MPA-F, PNA-F, WGA-R) were used for visualizing their binding sites on tissue sections by fluorescent microscopy. The immature enamel, Tomes' processes and distal cytoplasm of ameloblasts were stained with MPA-F and WGA-R on paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The MPA- and WGA-binding glycoconjugates seemed to be main components of the organic enamel matrix because of the intense fluorescence from the tissue sections. The central portion of distal cytoplasm of ameloblasts was stained with PNA-F but the immature enamel and Tomes' processes were not. This suggests the PNA-binding glycoconjugates to be intermediates during the process of modifying their oligosaccharide chains or to be elements of Golgi area. Tomes' processes, the distal cytoplasm and periphery of nuclei of ameloblasts were stained with Con A-F. The Con A-binding glycoconjugates except those localizing on Tomes' processes may also be intermediates and/or intracellular elements like the PNA-binding glycoconjugates. Cells of stratum intermedium were stained with Con A-F, MPA-F and WGA-R. Cells of stellate reticulum and outer enamel epithelium were stained with Con A-F and WGA-R. It was indicated that enamel proteins, major organic components of immature enamel, are highly possible candidates for the MPA- and WGA-binding glycoconjugates. PMID- 3212780 TI - Increased subjective symptom prevalence among workers exposed to trichloroethylene at sub-OEL levels. AB - Over 100 workers exposed to trichloroethylene (TRI) mostly at less than 50 ppm during the production or vapor degreasing operation and about an equal number of the non-exposed control workers were examined for subjective symptoms, hematology, serum biochemistry, and sugar, protein and occult blood in urine. Essentially all the clinico-laboratory tests stayed normal, and there was no significant differences in the findings between the exposed and the controls. Thus, no clinically significant effects of TRI exposure were found in the blood and liver functions among the exposed workers as compared with the controls. The prevalence of the subjective symptoms was, however, significantly higher in the exposed group than in the controls, and dose-response relationship could be established in some selected symptoms such as nausea, heavy feeling in the head, forgetfulness, tremor in extremities, cramp in extremities and dry mouth, although the exposure was low. The findings warrant further attention to the effects of TRI especially on the central nervous system at the concentration lower than e.g., 50 ppm. PMID- 3212779 TI - Inhibitory effect of CR-1409, a competitive inhibitor of cholecystokinin, on pancreatic exocrine secretion in the conscious rat. AB - The inhibitory effect of CR-1409, a new glutaramic acid derivative and a competitive inhibitor for cholecystokinin (CCK), on the basal and CCK-stimulated pancreatic secretion was examined in the conscious rat in vivo. Rats were prepared with cannulae draining pure bile and pancreatic juice separately and with a duodenal cannula and right and left jugular vein cannulae. Plasma CCK level increased to 3.65 +/- 0.79 and 19.9 +/- 4.47 pM (mean +/- S.E.) by a 2-hr infusion of 100 and 300 pmole/kg/hr of CCK-octapeptide (CCK-8), respectively. Simultaneous infusion of 170 nmole/kg/hr of CR-1409 completely abolished pancreatic responses to 100 pmole/kg/hr of CCK-8. Infusion of CR-1409 at rate of 57 nmole/kg/hr slightly but significantly inhibited CCK-8 (100 pmole/kg/hr) stimulated secretion. Pancreatic responses to 300 pmole/kg/hr of CCK-8 were partially inhibited but not completely abolished by the 170 nmole/kg/hr of CR 1409. Neither the basal pancreatic secretion nor the bile secretion was affected by CR-1409. We conclude that CR-1409 inhibited CCK-stimulated pancreatic secretion in vivo. PMID- 3212781 TI - Antihypertensive effect of NKY-722, a new water-soluble 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, on conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 3-(4-Allyl-1-piperazinyl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3 nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate dihydrochloride (NKY-722) produced a dose dependent antihypertensive effect in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In this respect NKY-722 was more potent and longer-acting than nicardipine. In canine isolated mesenteric arteries, exposed to a Ca2+-free medium containing high K+, NKY-722 inhibited Ca2+-induced contraction in concentration-dependent manner, suggesting the calcium antagonism as the mechanism of action. PMID- 3212782 TI - In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the genotoxic potential of 2-ethyl-1,3 hexanediol. AB - 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (EHD) has intentional human exposure because of its application to skin as an insect repellent and its use in various skin care products. Genotoxicity studies on EHD were conducted to determine mutagenic and clastogenic potential using in vitro and in vivo test systems. In vitro tests were conducted both with and without an Aroclor-induced, rat-liver S9 metabolic activation system and within a range of cytotoxic to non-cytotoxic doses. EHD did not produce dose-related positive increases in gene mutations in the Salmonella (Ames) test or in the CHO/HGPRT forward mutation test. No statistically significant or dose-related increases in sister chromatid exchanges indicative of DNA damage were produced by EHD in CHO cells. Small but statistically significant increases in chromosome aberrations were produced in CHO cells only in tests with S9 activation. However, no evidence of clastogenicity of EHD was obtained in vivo in a mouse peripheral blood micronucleus test or in 2 rat bone marrow chromosome aberration studies using single or repeated dosing procedures. The overall negative pattern of mutagenic and clastogenic results in the majority of tests conducted suggests that EHD is unlikely to pose significant hazard as a genotoxic agent or to possess carcinogenic initiating activity in animals. PMID- 3212783 TI - Anthralin, a non-phorbol tumor promoter, fails to inhibit metabolic cooperation in mutant human fibroblasts, but inhibits phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis in vitro. AB - Two (among many) of the hypotheses put forward to explain mechanisms of action of tumor promoters are: (1) immunosuppression of the host; and (2) inhibition of intercellular junctional communication. Murine spleen cells were exposed for 30 min to various concentrations of anthralin (1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone), a polyphenolic non-phorbol promoter, and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1,8-DHAQ), an inactive congener. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced T cell blastogenesis, an indicator of lymphocyte function, was then assessed in vitro. Exposure to anthralin resulted in a concentration-dependent suppression of lymphocyte proliferation with complete suppression occurring at 1 microM. The inactive congener, 1,8-DHAQ, failed to suppress lectin-induced blastogenesis at concentrations up to 10 microM. Dithiothreitol (DTT), a sulfhydryl (SH) compound, failed to protect against the suppression of lymphocyte function by anthralin. In addition, anthralin failed to inhibit in vitro microtubule assembly, a SH dependent process, in a crude rat brain extract. Finally, unlike 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the most potent skin tumor promoter known, anthralin failed to inhibit metabolic cooperation between mutant human fibroblasts as assayed by [14C]citrulline incorporation. In summary, the data suggest that anthralin may act as a tumor promoter by suppressing immune parameters, a property which is shared by the phorbol esters. PMID- 3212785 TI - Involvement of cardiac metallothionein in prevention of adriamycin induced lipid peroxidation in the heart. AB - The effect of pretreatment of mice with heavy metals: Zn, Cu, Bi, Co, Cd or Hg, against lethal and cardiac toxicity of adriamycin (ADR) was investigated. The lethal toxicity of ADR was significantly reduced by pre-administration of these metals except for Cu. The levels of both malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes, determined as indicators of lipid peroxidation in the heart, markedly increased with ADR administration, but the increases were significantly prevented by the pre-administration of Zn, Bi or Cd. The survival rate of mice after ADR injection was significantly correlated with metallothionein (MT) levels in the hearts which was increased by the injection of each metal, but was not correlated with those in the liver and kidneys. A significant negative correlation between the cardiac MT concentrations and the levels of lipid peroxidation in the hearts was also observed. These results suggest that increased MT synthesis in the heart may be involved in the protective effect of the heavy metals tested against the lethal and cardiac toxicities of ADR. PMID- 3212784 TI - The reversibility of nitrobenzene-induced testicular toxicity: continuous monitoring of sperm output from vasocystotomized rats. AB - Exposure of rats to nitrobenzene produces a degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium of the testes. Sperm production was continuously monitored in rats surgically prepared by anastomosing the vas deferentia with the urinary bladder to evaluate the reversibility of nitrobenzene toxicity. Rates of sperm production were monitored by collecting urine and counting sperm microscopically with a hemocytometer. Six weeks after surgery, rats were dosed p.o. with a single dose of 300 mg/kg of nitrobenzene in corn oil. Sperm were not detected in the urine of treated rats between 32 and 48 days after treatment. Despite the fact that degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules were observed histologically as early as 3 days after dosing, there was a 32-day lag period between treatment and cessation of sperm output in treated rats. Histological examination showed that pachytene spermatocytes and step 1-2 spermatids were the most susceptible cell stages to nitrobenzene and were observed forming into giant cells as early as 3 days after treatment. However, repair was substantial by 3 weeks after treatment and by days 76-100, the rate of sperm output reached 78% of the control group. By 100 days after treatment, there was greater than 90% regeneration of the seminiferous epithelium. Thus, a single oral dose of nitrobenzene induced testicular degeneration and approximately a 17-day period of aspermia resulted. Back-dating of the aspermic period to the timing of the spermatogenic cycle closely corresponded with the same germ cell stages that were observed degenerating in histologic examinations. Thus, changes in sperm output from vasocystotomized rats correlated well with histopathologic changes, demonstrating the value of this technique for toxicity studies. PMID- 3212786 TI - A carcinogenesis reversibility study of the effects of butylated hydroxyanisole on the forestomach and urinary bladder in male Fischer 344 rats. AB - A reversibility study was initiated to determine if the length of feeding with 2% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) altered the incidence of forestomach lesions observed after a 24-month observation period. Groups of male Fischer 344 rats were fed 2% BHA for 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months and then the basal diet for the completion of the 24-month experimental period. Subgroups were serially sacrificed for histopathological examination and [methyl-3H]thymidine radioautography at the time when each group of animals was transferred to the basal diet and also at 15 months. The results showed that except for carcinomas and some epithelial downgrowths, cellular proliferation, measured by radioautography in the epithelium lining the greater and the lesser curvature of the forestomach, remained dependent on the continuous presence of 2% BHA for, at least, 12 months. Superficial hyperplasias, inflammatory lesions and many of the papillomas regressed after cessation of treatment at 12 months. The epithelial downgrowths did not appear to enlarge after the BHA was withdrawn. The squamous cell carcinomas occurred in almost identical yields whether the rats were fed 2% BHA for 12 months and then returned to the basal diet for 12 months or received 2% BHA continuously for 24 months. It is shown here that at several times, 2% BHA stimulated the [methyl-3H]thymidine labelling index of the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder and that at 3 months the no observed effect level was greater than 0.5% BHA. The significance of the studies on the forestomach and bladder epithelia are discussed. It is concluded that the lesions induced by BHA are most unlikely to be relevant to humans exposed to much lower levels of BHA. PMID- 3212787 TI - Effects of lead on sialic acid content and survival of rat erythrocytes. AB - The anemia frequently observed in lead poisoning is thought to result from a shortening of erythrocyte survival in combination with inhibition of hemoglobin synthesis. However, the exact mechanism by which lead shortens erythrocyte survival remains unclear. In the present study, the effects of lead, injected intraperitoneally, on sialic acid content and survival of rat erythrocytes were investigated in order to study the relationship between them. As indices of lead exposure, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, hematocrits (Ht) and blood lead (blood Pb) levels in the injected rats were also examined. Exposure to lead significantly decreased the sialic acid content of the erythrocyte membrane. The decreases in sialic acid content were evident to some extent below a blood Pb level of 100 micrograms/100 ml and generally present at a level of 100 micrograms/100 ml and higher. In the rats exposed to lead a significant negative correlation was found between sialic acid content and the logarithm of blood Pb level. A shortening of erythrocyte survival was also observed in the rats exposed to lead. PMID- 3212789 TI - Dermal carcinogenic activity of petroleum-derived middle distillate fuels. AB - In general, the carcinogenic potential of petroleum-derived materials is related to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content. Thus it has been assumed that liquids which boil below the PAH distillation range (i.e., below approx. 370 degrees C (700 degrees F) would not be carcinogenic. Several early studies supported this conclusion but were of relatively short duration. Several recent and more rigorous studies have shown that repeated application of certain petroleum-derived materials boiling between approximately 177-370 degrees C (350 700 degrees F) (i.e., middle distillate fuels) can produce tumors in mouse skin. The current studies assessed the tumorigenic potential of a series of middle distillates which varied with respect to boiling range, composition, and source of blending stocks. All of the samples produced evidence of weak tumorigenic activity which was characterized by low tumor yields and long median latencies. However, the majority of the tumor yields were significantly different from the control. There were no apparent differences in response among the samples. Thus the various parameters examined did not substantially influence tumor outcome. In particular, there was no association of tumorigenic activity with aromatic carbon content; this finding, coupled with evidence that PAH levels were low, suggested that the tumorigenic responses were not PAH-dependent. In addition to the tumors, there was evidence of non-neoplastic dermal changes including hyperplasia. These may have contributed to the tumorigenic responses; however, the actual mechanism of tumor induction is unknown. PMID- 3212788 TI - Comparative mobilization of lead by chelating agents. AB - The relative abilities of approximately 20 chelating agents to act as antagonists for acute and chronic lead poisoning have been examined in the mouse. The acute LD50 for lead acetate trihydrate was determined and found to be 135.3 mg Pb/kg for i.p. injection with a 95% confidence interval of 87.1-210.3 mg Pb/kg. The relative efficacy of chelating agents to reduce liver, kidney, spleen, bone and brain levels of lead was determined. The movement of lead from the liver to the bone was followed during the first 7 days post injection and was found to result in appreciable changes in the lead levels of these organs from day to day during this entire period. Of the compounds examined, the ones which were most effective in mobilizing lead under various conditions included meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DPMS), disodium calcium ethylene-diaminetetraacetate (Na2CaEDTA), trisodium zinc triethylenetetraminehexa acetate, dicalcium ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonate) (Ca2EDTPO) and diethyl dimercaptosuccinate (DEMSA) and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL). PMID- 3212790 TI - Increased levels of hepatic metallothionein in rat and mouse after injection of acetaminophen. AB - Induction of hepatic metallothionein (MT) by acetaminophen was characterized in the rat and mouse. Treatment of rats with the hepatotoxin resulted in increase of liver MT in a dose-dependent manner. MT concentration was elevated by 41%, 140% and 260% following acetaminophen injection at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. The cadmium-binding protein was identified as MT by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration (Ve/Vo = 2.1). In the mouse the hepatotoxin was more potent i.e. maximal effect (increase of 230%) was achieved at the lowest applied dose (250 mg/kg). In both species maximal induction was observed 24 h post exposure and thereafter the hepatic MT content declined, indicating a relatively short half life of the protein. The elevation of the intracellular concentration of a sulfhydryl-rich protein such as MT may serve as self protecting mechanism of the hepatocyte against highly reactive metabolites of toxic substances. PMID- 3212791 TI - Treatment of experimental silicosis with antifibrotic agents. AB - We tested the efficacy of 2 antifibrotic agents, the proline analogue cis-4 hydroxy-L-proline (cHyp) and the lathyrogen beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), on experimental silicosis in hamsters. Silica (75 mg) was instilled intratracheally, and 3 months later lung hydroxyproline content, the volume density of silicotic nodules in lung parenchyma, fluid-filled lung pressure-volume curves, body weight and survival were measured. Animals were injected with cHyp, 200 mg/kg body weight, or BAPN, 150 mg/kg body weight, twice daily for 3 months. Hydroxyproline contents (mg/lung) at 3 months were: control, 0.8 +/- 0.1; silica, 1.4 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.05 compared to control); silica-cHyp, 1.2 +/- 0.2; silica-BAPN, 1.4 +/- 0.1 (both NS compared to silica). The volume density of granuloma (% of surface area) was: silica, 0.7 +/- 0.1; silica-cHyp, 5.9 +/- 1.0; silica-BAPN, 9.7 +/- 1.5 (both P less than 0.5 compared to silica). There was no difference among the groups as assessed by lung pressure-volume curves. No toxic effects were produced on the skeletal system as assessed by bone hydroxyproline content and skeletal roentgenograms. Final body weights (g) were: silica, 114 +/- 5; silica-BAPN, 108 +/- 6; silica-cHyp, 88 +/- 7 (the latter P less than 0.05 compared to silica). Survival (%) was: silica, 62%; silica-BAPN, 34%, silica cHyp, 28% (both P less than 0.05 compared to silica). These data show that cHyp and BAPN treatment did not prevent silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, led to more extensive silicotic nodules, and were toxic. Both cHyp and BAPN have some efficacy in other models of fibrosis, and the observations in the present study could be specific to silicosis in the hamster. PMID- 3212792 TI - Combined toxicity of ethanol and methylmercury in rat. AB - The hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of methylmercury (CH3Hg) and ethanol (EtOH) are well known; however, their interaction in vivo is not clearly understood. In order to investigate the combined effects of these 2 substances, 4 groups of male Wistar rats with an initial weight of approximately 190 g were treated for 7 weeks. Each group consisting of 8 rats was gavaged as follows: Group 1 with 5.0 ml/kg body weight of double distilled water, Group 2 with 5.0 ml/kg body weight of 25% EtOH, Group 3 with 2.5 mg/kg of CH3Hg in water, and Group 4 with 2.5 mg/kg of CH3Hg in 25% EtOH. At the termination of the experiment the mean body weights of the rats in Group 3 (372.5 +/- 10.8 S.E.) and Group 4 (383.4 +/- 13.4) were significantly lower than that of Group 1 (433.0 +/- 7.8). Linear regression showed a positive feed conversion efficiency for Groups 1 and 2 (1.07 and 0.83, respectively), and a negative score for this parameter for Groups 3 and 4 (-1.43, -1.53). At necropsy, rat livers from Group 3 exhibited random multifocal tan spots. The relative liver weights were similar to those of controls. Semithin sections of liver revealed an increase in lipid droplets in Groups 2 and 3 compared to those in the other 2 groups while vacuolization was more striking in CH3Hg treated rats (Groups 3 and 4). Severe hepatolysis and portal canal edema were noted in the groups of rats exposed to either EtOH alone or in combination with mercury. The relative weight of left kidney in Group 3 (0.70 +/- 0.03) and Group 4 (0.51 +/- 0.04) rats was significantly greater than that of the control (0.39 +/- 0.03). In gross appearance the kidney was pale and the urine production was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in Group 3 compared to that of Group 1. Group 4 rats had significantly more (P less than 0.05) Hg in the kidney than Group 3; however, the inorganic percentages in both groups were similar. Morphological examination of the kidney proximal tubules from CH3Hg treated rats (Groups 3 and 4) revealed an increase in lipid droplets, vacuoles, cell sloughing and tubular degeneration compared to Groups 1 and 2. These histological changes in the proximal tubules of Group 4 rats indicate an additive effect of EtOH on the kidney pathology caused by CH3Hg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3212793 TI - [Effect of tobacco smoke on the antiaggregation activity of the gingiva]. PMID- 3212794 TI - [Morphogenesis of the temporomandibular joint in the early stages of ontogeny]. PMID- 3212795 TI - [Bone tissue reaction to the insertion of an implant made of corundum ceramic]. PMID- 3212796 TI - [Immunity in chronic apical periodontitis and the effect of an immunomodulator on its course]. PMID- 3212797 TI - [Validation of the use of selective caries prophylaxis at various ages]. PMID- 3212798 TI - [Ways to enhance the resistance of hard dental tissues after pulp removal]. PMID- 3212799 TI - [Treatment of facial bone fractures in victims with combined trauma]. PMID- 3212800 TI - [Fractures of the mandibular coronoid process and their treatment]. PMID- 3212801 TI - [Radiation damage to the organs of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3212804 TI - [The Stomatology All-Union Scientific and Manufacturing Association]. PMID- 3212802 TI - [The role of microcirculation in tissue healing following local plastic surgery in the combined treatment of malignant tumors of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3212805 TI - [Differentiated premedication in the treatment of odontogenic phlegmons of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3212803 TI - [Phonoarthrographic method of diagnosing diseases of the temporomandibular joint and a device for its performance]. PMID- 3212806 TI - [Species and quantitative microfloral indices in phlegmons of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3212807 TI - [Anatomic characteristics of the mandibular canal from the viewpoint of age]. PMID- 3212808 TI - [Prevention of complications during orthodontic interventions in the combined treatment of periodontitis]. PMID- 3212809 TI - [Rehabilitation of children with class-III caries activity during outpatient dental care]. PMID- 3212810 TI - [Effect of innervation disorders on sulfate and phosphate incorporation into the mineralized tissues of the teeth and jaw bones]. PMID- 3212811 TI - [Assessment of the somatic and dental status of children with periodontitis of the deciduous teeth taking into account clinical x-ray and hematologic indices]. PMID- 3212812 TI - [The mean dimensions of the dentoalveolar arches in children and adolescents with an orthognathic bite from the viewpoint of age]. PMID- 3212813 TI - [Use of health criteria for determining prospective tasks in prevention and for assessing its effectiveness]. PMID- 3212814 TI - [The work organization of the examination room at the therapeutic and surgical departments of a dental polyclinic]. PMID- 3212815 TI - [The results of sanitary chemical and toxicological research on the new materials intradont and elastocor for the filling of tooth root canals]. PMID- 3212816 TI - [The advantages and drawbacks of x-ray methods in dental and periodontal diseases and the problems of standardizing x-ray study in therapeutic dentistry]. PMID- 3212817 TI - [Production of wax models of inlays by direct and indirect methods]. PMID- 3212818 TI - [6th National Congress of Experimental and Clinical Oncology. Rome, 20-23 November 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3212819 TI - [14th scientific meeting of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology. Rome, 20 23 November 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3212820 TI - [11th National Congress of the Italian Cancer Society. Rome, 20-23 November 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3212822 TI - [Refugees' encounter with the psychiatric system in Denmark]. PMID- 3212821 TI - [Contact patterns in general practice]. PMID- 3212823 TI - [Consumption of tranquilizing agents and sleeping pills in the municipality of Holbaek]. PMID- 3212824 TI - [Perioperative blood transfusion and recurrence after surgery of colorectal cancer]. PMID- 3212825 TI - [Median cysts and fistulas in the neck]. PMID- 3212826 TI - [Lateral cysts and fistulas in the neck]. PMID- 3212827 TI - [The contract-free period at a Danish general practice from 1 October 1984 to 6 January 1985]. PMID- 3212828 TI - [Investigation of abdominal aortic aneurysm by means of digital subtraction angiography]. PMID- 3212829 TI - [Extreme dilatated cardiomyopathy--of alcoholic origin?]. PMID- 3212830 TI - [Ophthalmoplegia after low-dose methotrexate]. PMID- 3212831 TI - [Persistent trophoblast following tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 3212832 TI - [Osteoid osteoma in the distal phalanx of the index finger]. PMID- 3212833 TI - [Transcultural psychiatry. Impressions from a study trip to England, September 1988]. PMID- 3212834 TI - [Children are our resource and our future]. PMID- 3212835 TI - [Genetic metabolic disorders]. PMID- 3212836 TI - Application of the "imaging plate" to TEM image recording. AB - The "imaging plate" is a highly sensitive image recording plate for X-ray radiography, which is coated with photo-stimulable phosphor. The imaging plate is exposed to electrons in a transmission electron microscope. Its fundamental properties (sensitivity, dynamic range and sharpness) have been estimated in detail. Also, the image quality of the imaging plate for some specimens in a transmission electron microscope has been estimated. As a result, it has been ascertained that the imaging plate has superior properties and high practicability as an image recording material in a transmission electron microscope. PMID- 3212837 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of disordered specimens. I. Method. AB - A method is presented for three-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of a specimen containing a disordered collection of identical objects with unknown orientations. All the data from all the images are simultaneously used to obtain an approximately maximum likelihood estimate of the three dimensional electron density, which is represented as a truncated expansion in a complete orthonormal set of basis functions. Anomalous objects can nevertheless be detected and eliminated. The method remains under statistical control, and a hypothesis test is used to choose the lowest resolution reconstruction that is consistent with the data. Error propagation is quantitatively traced from the micrograph to the reconstructed electron density. Random orientation is not necessary, and prior knowledge of preferred orientation can be used to advantage. Similarly, symmetry in the object is not necessary, but it can be imposed and exploited, if appropriate. Evidence is presented that useful reconstructions can be obtained with only one or two extra tilts from highly disordered specimens, even if the objects are asymmetric. The companion paper discusses in detail the implementation and verification of the method. PMID- 3212838 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of disordered specimens. II. Implementation and results. AB - The computational procedures to implement the method described in the companion paper for three-dimensional reconstruction from projections of a disordered collection of single particles are presented. Computer simulations are used to demonstrate the way the method functions, and practical aspects are discussed in detail. Examples are given of how different symmetries can be exploited by imposing selection rules on the model equations. Applications to negatively stained 50S ribosomes and to cryo-electron micrographs of thin vitrified layers of unstained and unsupported tomato bushy stunt and Semliki Forest viruses are described, and the resulting reconstructions are presented. PMID- 3212839 TI - Biological effects of shock waves: kidney haemorrhage by shock waves in dogs- administration rate dependence. AB - The effect of shock waves on normal canine kidneys was examined in two groups of dogs whose right kidneys were exposed to 3000 shock waves generated with 20 kV and 40 nF in a Dornier HM II lithotripter. The groups differed only in the rate of shock wave administration which was 100 and 1 per second, respectively. Autopsy was performed 24 to 30 h later. Macroscopically and histologically, significantly more haemorrhages occurred in the kidney parenchyma if shock waves were administered at a rate of 100 waves per second. Haemorrhages were diffuse, the outer medulla was most heavily affected. The results show that kidney damage is dependent on the rate of shock wave administration. They argue against a direct shock wave effect and favor cavitation as the mechanism of shock wave damage although thermal effects cannot be excluded. PMID- 3212840 TI - Exposure levels for ultrasonic cavitation in the mouse neonate. AB - The levels for hind limb paralysis from 1 MHz, continuous wave, unfocused ultrasound in the neonatal mouse were determined at 1 and 16 bars hydrostatic pressure and at 10 and 37 degrees C. Above a specific intensity level at each temperature, the exposure duration for paralysis of 50% of specimens exposed (t50) was found to be greater at 16 bars than at 1 bar suggesting a threshold for cavitational involvement. Using these results, the intensity thresholds for cavitation were found to be in the ranges of 120-150 W/cm2 and 53-74 W/cm2 at 10 degrees C and 37 degrees C, respectively. This temperature dependence is consistent with a cavitation mechanism. In addition, the t50 at 289 W/cm2 and 10 degrees C was measured as a function of hydrostatic pressure and showed that cavitation was suppressed at hydrostatic pressures above approximately 10 bars. This result and the intensity threshold for cavitation at 1 bar and 10 degrees C yielded similar values for the threshold negative total pressure for cavitation in the neonatal mouse. PMID- 3212841 TI - Age dependence of flow velocity in cerebral arteries. PMID- 3212842 TI - HPNS effects among 18 divers during compression to 360 msw on heliox. AB - Heliox compression deeper than 16 ATA can lead to EEG changes associated with confusion and somnolence. In man the symptoms termed the high pressure neurologic syndrome (HPNS) can also include increased tremor, memory problems, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. In a series of 3 dives at NUTEC, a compression profile developed for operational use down to 360 msw was evaluated. In each dive 6 different divers were compressed to 360 msw on heliox. Neuropsychologic and neurophysiologic testing were performed repeatedly. The HPNS testing revealed only mild effects of the compression. Only 3 divers had impairments of more than 2 SD in peripheral motor function compared to their predive average. Memory was impaired periodically in 2 divers. The same was found for perceptual speed and reasoning. Fifty percent of the divers had an increase of more than 2 SD in postural tremor, but that had minimal effect on their motor performance. Six of the 18 divers had an EEG power spectrum with both alpha band inhibition and theta increase. While the performance impairment was most marked around 240 msw, the EEG changes occurred mainly deeper than 300 msw. In only 1 of the 18 divers marked EEG changes, marked tremor increase, and marked cognitive performance impairment were observed at the same time. Although mild HPNS was observed, the divers were little impaired during the compression to 360 msw. The results confirm that using a compression profile with rates decreasing progressively with increasing depth, and with several intermediate stops, provides fit divers at depth. By using standard batteries of HPNS testing we were able to obtain evidence for the acceptability of this compression profile. PMID- 3212843 TI - Effects of a H2-He-O2 mixture on the HPNS up to 450 msw. AB - A H2-He-O2 mixture with 54 to 56% hydrogen was studied with 6 subjects (professional divers) during 2 dives to 450 m. The 38-h compression was the same as that used with other types of breathing mixtures (He-O2 and He-N2-O2). The results obtained during compression and during the stay at 450 m in H2-He-O2 show that the EEG changes (increase of theta activities in the anterior regions of the skull, decrease of alpha activities) are similar to those found with other respiratory mixtures. On the other hand, the other symptoms of high pressure neurologic syndrome (HPNS) were clearly improved for the same depths. Thus, neurologic symptoms (tremor, dysmetria, myoclonia, drowsiness) are nonexistent, and the performances during psychometric tests remain similar to those of the surface. Hydrogen, with its narcotic potency, suppresses some symptoms of HPNS and seems to open new perspectives for deep diving. PMID- 3212844 TI - Alternobaric vertigo in professional divers. AB - The present investigation was part of a project performed to detect possible effects of diving on the cochleovestibular system. A group of 194 professional divers were interviewed, examined otologically, and their hearing was tested audiometrically. Caloric vestibular tests were performed in 48 subjects. The interview reviewed age, diving experience, previous ear disease or injury, head trauma, noise exposure during diving and during spare-time activities, eye color, tobacco habits, and the occurrence of vertigo during diving. Useful information regarding vertigo was obtained from 193. Of the 76 (39%) who had experienced vertigo, 64 (33%) were classified as alternobaric vertigo (AV), a type of vertigo caused by asymmetric middle ear pressure. A stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to detect variables contributing to the presence of AV. Variables having a statistically significant association with AV were previous barotrauma of the ear (P less than 0.05) and noise exposure during diving (less than 0.05). AV was most frequently encountered when diving during a common cold. In this sample of divers, AV did not lead to any serious or critical situations. PMID- 3212845 TI - Air vs. He-O2 recompression treatment of decompression sickness in guinea pigs. AB - Air vs. He-O2 (20.9% O2) recompression treatment was examined in a model of severe decompression sickness (DCS) using male albino guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus, 500-600 g). Following decompression to the surface from simulated air dives at 200 or 250 fsw, both anesthetized and unanesthetized animals often exhibited responses indicative of a fatal bout of DCS (including hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, and tachypnea). Upon recompression with air back to depth, good recovery of animals with DCS was observed. Comparison of air vs. He-O2 recompression responses of unanesthetized animals with recompression back to initial depth (200 fsw) revealed a slower recovery from tachypnea with He-O2. Recompression partially back to depth following 200-fsw air dives produced significant differences in the breathing recovery vs. recompression depth relationship between air and He-O2. Treatment effectiveness improved with increasing depth with air, but not with He-O2. These data indicate potential differences in recompression response to air vs. He-O2 when using ventilatory recovery as a measure of effectiveness in treatment of DCS in guinea pigs following air dives. PMID- 3212846 TI - Use of the maximum likelihood method in the analysis of chamber air dives. AB - The method of maximum likelihood was used to evaluate the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) for selected chamber air dives. The parameters of two mathematical models for predicting DCS were optimized until the best agreement (as measured by maximum likelihood) corresponding to the observed DCS incidents from a series of dives was attained. The decompression data used consisted of 800 man-dives with 21 incidents of DCS and 6 occurrences of marginal symptoms. The first model investigated was based on a nonlinear gas exchange in a series arrangement of four compartments. The second model was based on a monoexponential gas exchange in a parallel arrangement of two compartments. The overall statistical success in describing the 800 man-dives was quite similar for the two models. Predictions of safety for dives not part of the original data differed for the models due to differences in gas kinetics. For short, no-decompression dives, the series arrangement of compartments predicted a lower incidence of DCS. These predictions were more consistent with the outcome of subsequent testing than were predictions of the parallel compartment model. Predictions of the series arrangement model were also similar to those of a single-compartment, two-exponential model that was evaluated with over 1700 man-dives by the U.S. Navy. PMID- 3212847 TI - Heliox treatment for spinal decompression sickness following air dives. AB - Enforced delay in treatment of spinal decompression sickness following scuba diving can result in paraplegia. Poor response from initial recompression to 18 m presents the clinician with a difficult management problem. Theoretical objections have been raised to the use of He-O2 as treatment regimen. We report 3 cases that show He-O2 to be an excellent method of treatment in spinal decompression sickness after air diving. PMID- 3212848 TI - Helium and oxygen mixtures in the treatment of compressed-air illness. PMID- 3212849 TI - [Hypertension: are genes affected by the environment?. Interview by Robert Henry]. PMID- 3212851 TI - [Peculiarities of primary tumors with skeletal metastases. Results of a retrospective rural study 1967 to 1982]. PMID- 3212850 TI - [Various criticisms of the article entitled "Scientific method of evaluation and treatment of spinal disorders in laborers"]. PMID- 3212852 TI - [Surgical stabilization of pathologic fractures. Effect on longevity and quality of life]. PMID- 3212853 TI - [A possibility for restoring forearm rotary movements following destruction of the radioulnar joint]. PMID- 3212854 TI - [Fractures and soft tissue damage]. PMID- 3212856 TI - [Principles of risk assessment in life insurance exemplified by ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3212855 TI - [Developmental trends in pharmacotherapy to the year 2000]. PMID- 3212857 TI - [Prognostic criteria in alcohol-induced damage of the blood-forming system]. PMID- 3212859 TI - [A method of stabilizing auditory thresholds in patients with adhesive otitis media after stapedoplasty]. PMID- 3212858 TI - [Possibilities of the differential diagnosis of cerebral complications of chronic suppurative otitis media]. PMID- 3212860 TI - [The phenomenon of hyperacusis in adhesive otitis media]. PMID- 3212861 TI - [A method and clinical value of the promontorial test in deafness]. PMID- 3212863 TI - [Deontological problems of otorhinolaryngology in the era of scientific and technological progress]. PMID- 3212862 TI - [Improving the methods of diagnosing otogenic and rhinosinusogenic abscesses of the brain]. PMID- 3212865 TI - [An improved method of speech audiometry]. PMID- 3212864 TI - [Tracheotomy using an ultrasonic scalpel]. PMID- 3212866 TI - [Use of a low-frequency alternating magnetic field in the complex treatment of patients with functional diseases of the larynx]. PMID- 3212867 TI - [Voice restoration after unilateral lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve]. PMID- 3212869 TI - [Therapeutic fibrobronchoscopy in the treatment of patients with burns of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 3212868 TI - [Parabiotic phenomena in the acoustic analyzer after administration of ototoxic antibiotics]. PMID- 3212870 TI - [Physiological functions of the nose before and after laser treatment of acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis in children]. PMID- 3212871 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 3212872 TI - [Serum immunoglobulins A,M, G and E in adolescents with chronic suppurative maxillary sinusitis during immunotherapy]. PMID- 3212873 TI - [Characteristics of the development of neurosensory hearing loss caused by noise and vibration]. PMID- 3212875 TI - [Cerebellar abscess in the late period after an extensive cavitary operation on the ear]. PMID- 3212874 TI - [Pathophysiological aspects of the development of airway disorders in coal miners]. PMID- 3212876 TI - [Nasopharyngeal teratoma in a newborn infant]. PMID- 3212877 TI - [Neurofibroma of the larynx]. PMID- 3212878 TI - [Rhinogenous suppurative ventriculitis with favorable outcome]. PMID- 3212879 TI - [Giant lipoma of the tongue]. PMID- 3212880 TI - [A case of cancer of the nasal cavity associated with giant cyst of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3212881 TI - [Chronic suppurative mesoepitympanitis complicated by phlegmon of the neck and paralysis of the left side of the larynx]. PMID- 3212883 TI - [Characteristics of the regeneration of postoperative wounds after bilateral tonsillectomy using a helium-neon laser]. PMID- 3212882 TI - [Short-latency auditory evoked potentials in using hearing aids]. PMID- 3212884 TI - Idiopathic cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy of greyhounds. AB - An idiopathic disease involving skin and occasionally kidneys was seen in kenneled and racing greyhounds. Hemorrhages, fibrinoid arteritis, thrombosis, and infarction with deep, slowly healing ulcers characterized the skin lesions. Peracute renal glomerular necrosis, particularly involving afferent arterioles with intravascular coagulation in glomerular capillaries were the distinctive findings in affected kidneys. A complex pathogenesis of this disorder was suspected in which genetic predisposition plays a prominent role. PMID- 3212885 TI - Hepatitis and copper accumulation in Skye terriers. AB - Livers of nine related Skye terriers with liver disease were evaluated for histological changes and copper content. Lesions ranged from hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis (zone 3) with intracanalicular cholestasis and mild inflammation, to chronic hepatitis with cholangioplasia and cirrhosis. Excess copper (801-2,257 micrograms/g) was related to the severity of cholestasis. Skye terrier hepatitis is a distinct disease entity and may be derived from a disorder of intracellular bile metabolism culminating in disturbed bile secretion and the accumulation of copper. PMID- 3212886 TI - Equine juvenile mandibular ossifying fibroma. AB - Benign proliferative fibro-osseous lesions of the rostral mandible in six young horses are classified as equine juvenile mandibular ossifying fibroma. Histologically there is a characteristic abrupt transition from subgingival fibroblastic stroma to a zone of proliferating osteoblasts that form irregular spicules of osteoid. The layer of proliferating osteoblasts blends with a deeper zone of bony trabeculae rimmed by osteoblasts and separated by intertrabecular spaces of moderate cellular density. Incomplete surgical excision resulted in local recurrence, while rostral mandibulectomies resulted in no recurrence. The predilection for the rostral mandible of young horses coupled with the similar clinical, radiographic, and histological characteristics supports the classification of this lesion as a distinct entity. PMID- 3212887 TI - Chromatophoromas in two species of Hawaiian butterflyfish, Chaetodon multicinctus and C. miliaris. AB - Chromatophoromas (cutaneous pigment cell tumors) were seen in two species of butterflyfish, Chaetodon multicinctus and Chaetodon miliaris, over an 11-year period (1976-1987) in waters off the islands of Maui, Lanai, and Molokini in the state of Hawaii. The chromatophore tumors found in the brown-barred butterflyfish, C. multicinctus, were predominantly iridophoromas (characterized by the presence of birefringent olive-green crystalline pigment), while the tumors in the lemon butterflyfish, C. miliaris, were primarily melanophoromas (characterized by the presence of melanin pigment). Mixed chromatophoromas, composed of iridophores, melanophores, and undifferentiated chromatophores, were found in both species. The prevalence of chromatophoromas in C. multicinctus off the island of Maui varied from a low of 22-25% in 1976 to a high of 50% in 1987. The estimated prevalence of chromatophoromas in C. miliaris was 2.5% off the island of Molokini in 1976, and 5.0% off Lanai in 1987. The cause or causes of chromatophoromas in these two species of butterflyfish has not been determined. PMID- 3212888 TI - Lesions in Brangus cattle with Chediak-Higashi syndrome. AB - Hair, peripheral blood leukocytes, and other tissues from two related Brangus calves with phenotypic characteristics of Chediak-Higashi syndrome were examined by light and electron microscopy. Enlarged, pleomorphic, cytoplasmic granules, morphologically compatible with lysosomes, were seen in several neutrophils, many eosinophils, renal tubular epithelial cells, and Kupffer cells. Hair shafts of the calves showed irregular distribution and clumping of melanin granules. Severe infection and a possible hemorrhagic tendency were recognized. These Brangus calves represent the third breed of cattle affected with this genetic disease. PMID- 3212889 TI - Otic pathology of caprine beta-mannosidosis. AB - Caprine beta-mannosidosis is an autosomal recessive defect of glycoprotein catabolism with a deficiency of tissue and plasma beta-mannosidase activity and tissue accumulation of oligosaccharides within lysosomes. This rapidly fatal genetic disorder of Nubian goats is expressed at birth by a variety of clinical signs including deafness. Affected goats had folded pinnas, and the tympanic cavity was decreased due to multiple, polypoid projections of bone covered by middle ear mucosa which obstructed the view of the cochlear promontory. Numerous cells of the cochlear duct including mesothelial and epithelial cells of Reissner's membrane, mesothelial cells lining the scala tympani, cells of the stria vascularis, numerous supportive cells of the organ of Corti, cochlear hair cells, endothelial cells, perithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and neurons of the spiral ganglion contained numerous nonstaining intracytoplasmic vacuoles which resulted in distention of affected cells and caused thickening of involved structures. Ultrastructurally, the vacuoles were membrane-bound and consistent with lysosomes. Vacuolated cells were desquamated into the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. This is one of few reports describing light and electron microscopic otic alterations of a storage disease. Goats with beta mannosidosis appear to be good models of hearing loss in patients with storage disease. PMID- 3212890 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of experimental keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs: cornea and bulbar conjunctiva. AB - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was produced experimentally in 16 beagles by bilateral surgical removal of the lacrimal and nictitans glands; four dogs were not treated, and 12 received tear-replacement therapy on post-operative days 7 through 28. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was verified by reduction in Schirmer tear test values by post-operative day 6, and there was no response on day 28 to tear replacement therapy. Corneas of both normal and tear-deficient dogs had polygonal squamous epithelial cells of light and dark electron density by scanning electron microscopy. Light cells had more microvilli and microplicae than dark cells. Conjunctivae were similar to corneas, except for numerous goblet cells on the surface. Corneal dark-cell density and goblet cell density were not different between groups. Goblet cells most often occurred singly in normal dogs, while they were in clusters in tear-deficient dogs. A hypothesis that petrolatum/mineral oil ointment should provide more effective artificial tear replacement than hydroxymethylcellulose drops for tear-deficient dogs could not be confirmed by objective analysis of corneal dark-cell density or conjunctival goblet cell density. PMID- 3212891 TI - Retrovirus-associated ovine pulmonary carcinoma (sheep pulmonary adenomatosis) and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. I. Lesion development and age susceptibility. AB - To determine the lesion development of retrovirus-induced ovine pulmonary carcinoma (OPC), ten neonatal lambs were inoculated intratracheally with either 1) lung fluid preparations derived from a sheep with Type D retrovirus-associated OPC and concurrent ovine lentivirus (OvLV)-associated lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) (n = 8); or 2) lung fluid from a sheep with only OvLV-LIP (n = 2). Seven of eight neonates that received Type D retrovirus-associated OPC/OvLV LIP lung fluid developed both OPC and LIP lesions between 9 and 32 weeks after inoculation. Mild OPC lesions consisted of foci of type II alveolar epithelial cells lining alveoli surrounded by minimal alveolar macrophage infiltrates. More severe OPC lesions consisted of multifocal aggregates of cuboidal to columnar neoplastic cells forming acini or masses associated with abundant alveolar macrophage infiltrates. Lesions of LIP consisted of peribronchiolar and perivascular lymphoid hyperplasia and heterogeneous interstitial leukocytic infiltrates. The two neonates that received OvLV-LIP lung fluid developed rapid and severe LIP, but not OPC lesions. Two lambs (inoculated as neonates with virus free lung fluid) and three lambs (uninoculated contacts) served as controls and did not develop OPC. To investigate age susceptibility for development of OPC, 20 additional lambs within defined age groups (neonates, 2 weeks old, 5 weeks old, and 10 weeks old) received ultracentrifuged tumor homogenate. Neonatal to 5-week old lambs inoculated with Type D retrovirus-associated OPC/OvLV-LIP tumor homogenate were equally likely to develop OPC, but lambs inoculated at 10 weeks of age were more refractory to tumor development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3212892 TI - A pathologic and toxicologic evaluation of veal calves fed large amounts of zinc. AB - Tissues were examined from 26 male Holstein veal calves given large amounts of dietary zinc. All calves had been fed 706 micrograms zinc/g of milk replacer for 28 days before the first death occurred. Calves died naturally (14, group A) or were euthanatized (12, group B) after 23 days of feeding a lower concentration of zinc (150 micrograms/g). Average amounts of zinc in liver (wet weight) were 345.72 micrograms/g (group A) and 344.84 micrograms/g (group B). Mean kidney zinc concentrations were 219.0 micrograms/g (group A) and 252.38 micrograms/g (group B). Tissue manganese, copper, and iron levels were normal. Changes at necropsy included pneumonia, fluid digesta, and petechiae and infarcts in liver, kidney, and heart (as a result of bacterial infections). Histological changes that were directly attributed to dietary zinc intake were: marked atrophy and necrosis of pancreatic acinar tissue (group A); multifocal fibrosis of pancreatic acini (group B); multifocal renal cortical fibrosis with necrosis in convoluted tubules and loops of Henle, and with intratubular mineralization (groups A and B). Hepatic midzonal mineralization and fibrosis of the adrenal zona glomerulosa were seen in group B calves. PMID- 3212893 TI - Cardiovascular complications of chronic catheterization of the jugular vein in the dog. AB - Cardiovascular changes associated with indwelling catheters were evaluated in 51 adult beagle dogs catheterized for 4 to 9 weeks. Pathologic changes consistent with traumatic injury were in the vena cava and endocardium of the right atrium of 88% of cannulated dogs. Lesions were characterized by surface denudation and diffuse intimal thickening due to myointimal hyperplasia and deposition of extracellular matrix. Affected intima was lined by hyperplastic, poorly differentiated endothelial cells and contained round to oval cells with characteristics of smooth muscle cells. After 9 weeks, thickened intima was vascularized and composed of spindle-shaped cells and fibrillar stroma. Intimal sclerosis and localized proliferative papillary projections in the vena cava cranial to areas of myointimal hyperplasia occurred infrequently. Traumatic lesions, regardless of location or severity, did not extend below the internal elastic membrane. Inflammatory cellular responses, when present, were minimal. The location, distribution, and morphogenesis of catheter-related cardiovascular lesions distinguishes them from those induced by chemical toxicity or pharmacotoxicity. PMID- 3212894 TI - Gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the large intestine of calves. I. Distribution and histology. AB - Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the large intestine was characterized in 12 calves (10 to 84 days old) obtained at necropsy (7, group A) or healthy animals (5, group B). Patches of mucosal lymphoid follicles were in all calves at ileocecal entrances (ICE), 23-42 cm distal to the ICE in the proximal loop of the ascending colon (proximal colon [PC] patch), and in the terminal rectum. PC patches varied from 8 to 30 cm in length. Solitary lymphoid follicles were found in the cecum of three calves, between the ileocecal entrances and the PC patch in four calves, adjacent to the PC patch in all calves, and in the ampulla recti. GALT occupied 7.8% of the large intestinal wall in animals of group A: 0.6% at the ileocecal entrance, 4.8% in the proximal colon, and 2.4% in the rectum. There were two different types of mucosal lymphoid follicles in group B: propria nodules with lymphoid follicles predominantly in the lamina propria, and lymphoglandular complexes with lymphoid follicles in the submucosa. In three 3-, 6-, and 7-day-old, germfree calves, distinct follicle-associated epithelium covered propria nodules and covering folds in depths of the lymphoglandular complexes; it was characterized by numerous intraepithelial cells and lack of goblet cells. PMID- 3212895 TI - Gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the large intestine of calves. II. Electron microscopy. AB - Scanning electron microscopy of lymphoid tissue in the large intestine of three germfree calves (age 3, 6, and 7 days) revealed two different units: propria nodules and lymphoglandular complexes (LGC). Propria nodules had lymphoid tissue predominantly in lamina propria and were covered by distinct follicle-associated epithelium which lacked goblet cells; nodules were surrounded by wide crypts, which were also lined by follicle-associated epithelium towards the luminal side. Lymphoglandular complexes had lymphoid follicles in the tunica submucosa; epithelial diverticulae extended through the muscularis mucosae branching into the lymphoid nodule. In centers of lymphoglandular complexes, protrusions of lymphoid tissue were covered with distinct follicle-associated epithelium. By transmission electron microscopy cells compatible with M cells in the small intestine of calves and cells with characteristics of both enteroabsorptive and M cells were found. Follicle-associated epithelium of propria nodules and lymphoglandular complexes differed only in the relative frequency of cell types. PMID- 3212896 TI - Electronic and morphologic characterization of erythrocytes of an adult cat with iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 3212897 TI - Osteosarcoma in the maxilla of a brown bear (Ursus arctos). PMID- 3212898 TI - Nocardioform actinomycete (Rhodococcus rubropertinctus)-induced abortion in a mare. PMID- 3212899 TI - Incidental meningeal lipoma in a horse. PMID- 3212900 TI - Assessing the impact of the animal procedures Act. PMID- 3212901 TI - Practice management. Tax troubles. PMID- 3212902 TI - Prevalence of Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses and ponies in Clwyd, Powys and adjacent English marches. AB - The prevalence of Anoplocephala perfoliata in 103 horses and ponies from Clwyd, Powys and the adjacent English marches, slaughtered during January 1987, was 69 per cent. PMID- 3212903 TI - Monitoring for atrophic rhinitis: the problem of higher snout scores. AB - The Pig Health Control Association has run a monitoring scheme for atrophic rhinitis for 10 years. One criterion for qualification has been that the average six-monthly snout score should not exceed 0.5 (later 0.65). Eighteen qualifying herds have exceeded this limit on 56 occasions, with their average scores rising to 2.24; they were the subject of special investigations for relisting. No clinical, epidemiological or bacteriological evidence could be found to indicate that these herds were capable of developing severe atrophic rhinitis. The higher snout scores were associated with a group of recurrent husbandry factors, especially overstocking and unsatisfactory conditions in the weaner accommodation. It is possible that the upper limit for the snout score in qualifying herds could be raised considerably, thus confining bacteriological testing to more doubtful herds. PMID- 3212904 TI - Attempted experimental infection of the preputial cavity of three male goats with Campylobacter species. PMID- 3212905 TI - Optimum age to vaccinate for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. PMID- 3212906 TI - Coccidiocidal efficacy of a single treatment of toltrazuril in naturally infected lambs. PMID- 3212907 TI - Equine topics. Legal pitfalls at events. PMID- 3212908 TI - Cud-dropping in sheep. PMID- 3212910 TI - 'Twisters' in canaries. PMID- 3212909 TI - Q fever. PMID- 3212911 TI - Ivermectin in equine lichen tropicus. PMID- 3212912 TI - Left displacement of the abomasum. PMID- 3212915 TI - Voluntary suspected adverse reaction scheme. PMID- 3212914 TI - European myths. PMID- 3212913 TI - Salmonella infection in a vet. PMID- 3212916 TI - Building a practice. Valuation of goodwill. PMID- 3212917 TI - Prevalence of rinderpest antibodies in sheep and goats in southern India. AB - Rinderpest antibodies were demonstrated in 37 per cent of 2400 sheep and 29.5 per cent of 1000 goats in the southern states of India by the avidin-biotin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. This technique, besides quantifying rinderpest antibodies, has provided a simple method for the differentiation of positive and negative serum samples on the basis of the development of a pink colour, a great advantage in the screening of large numbers of sera for field epidemiological studies. The presence of the antibodies in apparently healthy small ruminants is of great significance in the context of the control of rinderpest in India. PMID- 3212918 TI - Prevention of exudative epidermitis in gnotobiotic piglets by bacterial interference. PMID- 3212919 TI - An evaluation of cutting of incisor teeth of ewes in an attempt to control premature tooth loss. PMID- 3212921 TI - Dearth of veterinary surgeons. PMID- 3212920 TI - Use of ivermectin against ear mites in cats. PMID- 3212922 TI - Feline dysautonomia. PMID- 3212923 TI - Misuse of antibiotics in horses. PMID- 3212924 TI - Standardising equine examinations. PMID- 3212925 TI - Twig removal. PMID- 3212926 TI - Prevalence of Eimeria leuckarti (Flesch, 1883) and intensity of faecal oocyst output in a herd of horses during a summer grazing season. AB - The prevalence of Eimeria leuckarti infection and the intensity of faecal oocyst output were determined in a herd of 14 mares and their foals in northwest Germany using a sedimentation technique at weekly intervals during a summer grazing season from May to September. None of the mares, but all foals shed oocysts on at least one occasion. The patent periods lasted up to 16 weeks. The mean intensity of oocyst output (0.1-33 o.p.g.) was very low. No clinical signs of gastrointestinal disorder were noticed in any of the foals during this study. PMID- 3212927 TI - The effect of Eimeria acervulina infection on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in young broiler chicks. AB - In young broiler chicks inoculated with 2 x 10(6) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina per bird, total plasma lipids were significantly depressed compared with controls in the first week after inoculation. The lowest level observed was at 5 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.), at which time the chick host is known to experience malabsorption in the chick host (Ruff and Wilkins, 1980). Analysis of plasma components of infected chicks at 4 and 7 d.p.i. showed that triglycerides, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, pigments and total protein were significantly decreased compared with controls. At 7 d.p.i., reduction of total cholesterol reflected mainly reduction in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, the ratio of HDL cholesterol/total plasma cholesterol was not significantly different from the control ratio. Density gradient ultracentrifugation of chick plasma separated lipoproteins into three main fractions: portomicrons plus very low density lipoproteins (PM + VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and HDL. These fractions were analyzed for lipid content. Infection with E. acervulina caused (1) significant reduction in the triglyceride and cholesterol contents of the PM + VLDL fraction at 3 and 5 d.p.i., (2) significant reduction of LDL cholesterol at 9 d.p.i. and LDL phospholipid at 5-9 d.p.i., and (3) significant reduction of HDL cholesterol at 3 9 d.p.i. and HDL phospholipid at 5-9 d.p.i. Starvation of uninfected chicks for 48 h caused significant reduction in plasma triglycerides and phospholipids, but an increase in total cholesterol. Density gradient ultracentrifugation showed that the changes in these components reflected mainly reduction of the lipids in the PM + VLDL fraction. The LDL fractions, however, appeared more intense than those of the controls and contained more cholesterol and phospholipids. These results suggest that changes at 3 and 5 d.p.i. in the plasma lipoprotein pattern of chicks infected with E. acervulina most closely resemble changes seen in chicks starved for 48 h as far as PM + VLDL fraction is concerned. However, changes seen from 7 to 9 d.p.i. involve the LDL and HDL fractions and may reflect alterations in lipid and/or lipoprotein synthesis in the liver and intestine. PMID- 3212928 TI - The effect of isatin on the Echinococcus granulosus cyst in an experimental host. AB - The effect of isatin on the E. granulosus cyst was studied. NMRI mice, which were infected with E. granulosus of sheep origin, were treated daily with isatin at a dose of 50 mg kg-1 for 18 days. Ultrastructural damage was observed in the treated cysts, including accumulation of lamellar stacks, electron-dense granules, autophagosomes and lipid vesicles. Moreover, a biochemical study showed an inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity, with a decrease in carbohydrate storage and an increase in acid phosphatase activity. In spite of the short duration of the treatment, the results obtained allowed us to conclude that isatin acts on E. granulosus cysts. This activity appears as a process of degeneration linked to the alkaline phosphatase inhibitory effect of isatin. PMID- 3212929 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of Dirofilaria immitis-specific IgE in infected dogs. AB - An ELISA procedure was developed for monitoring the specific IgE response in dogs to Dirofilaria immitis infection. The results of this assay correlated well with, and appeared to be more sensitive than, the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test. The IgE ELISA values of the positive reference serum and the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test results showed that a serum to negative absorbance ration of 1.45 was statistically significant for discrimination and was used to evaluate the specific IgE response in the sera from 90 clinically diagnosed heartworm cases. This ELISA procedure was more sensitive, as it detected 78% of the 90 cases as compared to a detection rate of only 43-47% by IgG ELISA or IFA. Sera obtained from 23 experimentally infected dogs at 4-week intervals for 20 weeks post-infection, were assayed for D. immitis-specific IgE by ELISA. A group of the infected dogs was also treated with diethylcarbamazine during the course of infection. All the experimentally infected dogs developed a specific IgE response, with treated dogs generally responding earlier. PMID- 3212930 TI - The grazing behaviour of cattle in relation to the sampling of infective nematode larvae on pasture. AB - A method of sampling pasture to estimate the numbers of infective nematode larvae to which grazing cattle were exposed was based on the grazing patterns and behavioural activities of two groups of cattle and was compared with other sampling techniques. Each group of cattle consisted of six permanent members, two members fistulated at the oesophagus and one worm-free tracer calf. Grazing time and the area where grazing occurred was not significantly different for tracer calves, fistulated cattle and permanent group members, and there was no relationship between grazing time and the live weight of cattle. Grazing time, the percentage of paddock area grazed intensively and the percentage of the paddock not grazed varied with season. The most intensively grazed areas were always visited between first light and the first rest period during mid-morning, and the plant parts and pasture species eaten could easily be identified by visual examination of these areas of the paddock. Larval recoveries per 100 g pasture ingested were estimated for comparison with the grazing area method using two other manual pasture sampling methods, a sampling method using tracer calves and one using fistulated calves. Correlations between these methods were not consistent but indicated that, given the small number of data sets, all methods were sensitive enough to estimate larval availability on pasture with the exception of the tracer calf method in the overstocked 3.4-ha paddock. PMID- 3212932 TI - Small collection techniques in the channel catfish during prolonged pharmacokinetic experiments. PMID- 3212931 TI - Symposium on Minor Use Animal Drug Cooperative Research Projects. September 14, 1987, Rockville, Maryland. Proceedings. PMID- 3212934 TI - Clinical chemistries by automated analysis in avian species. PMID- 3212933 TI - Techniques for blood sampling in avian species. AB - In avian species' common sites for blood sampling include the basilic, jugular, and superficial plantar metatarsal veins, heart and occipital sinus. The lateral thoracic vein is also used in the turkey. The sites with the least trauma to the animal are the basilic, superficial plantar metatarsal, and lateral thoracic veins from which adequate volumes of blood can be obtained. Heart puncture and occipital sinus sampling procedures are expedient and large volumes of blood can be obtained however these sites are the most traumatic. The superficial plantar metatarsal vein was the site for best repeat sampling in the duck and the chicken and the basilic in the turkey. PMID- 3212935 TI - A study of erythrocyte changes in white Pekin ducks. AB - Erythrocyte distribution studies were determined in 5 control (non-stressed) and 5 ducks which were bled 1.6% of their body weight 3 times at 10-day intervals. Erythrocyte distribution studies were performed using a Coulter ZBI with channelizer and Accucomp accessory. The total erythrocyte count (P1 + P2) and the P1 population dropped 10% from the pre-bleeding count; however, test animals exhibited less than a 10% change after the third sampling. There was no apparent effect of the bleeding on the total counts and the P1 count over the 28-day trial period. PMID- 3212936 TI - Comparative drug metabolism and disposition in minor species. AB - The disposition of fenbendazole (FBZ) was studied in vivo in cattle (steers), goats, chickens, ducks, turkeys and rabbits, and in vitro in hepatic enzyme preparations from cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, rats, chickens, ducks, turkeys and catfish. The major excretory metabolite when FBZ was administered either iv or po (5 mg/kg) was p-hydroxyfenbendazole (FBZ-OH). The sulfoxide (FBZ-SO) and sulfone (FBZ-SO2) appeared in plasma but were recovered in only trace amounts in urine or feces, and the amine (FBZ-NH2) was a minor metabolite appearing only occasionally in plasma. The greatest species differences were seen among the avian species, and differences in metabolite excretion correlated well with the ability of the species to metabolize the drug (especially to FBZ-OH) in vitro. Other in vitro studies measured the rate of oxidative, hydrolytic, and conjugative (glucuronide, acetate, sulfate) pathways in liver preparations. PMID- 3212937 TI - Comparative drug depletion in domestic animals and birds. AB - Decoquinate (Rhone-Poulenc Inc) and Narasin (Eli Lilly and Co) were selected as model drugs for a comparison of metabolism between major (cattle and chickens) and minor (sheep and quail) species. Decoquinate has been studied in all four species. Narasin studies are in progress in chickens and quail. More than 96% of injected 14C-decoquinate (DQ) was eliminated from blood of all species within 1 hr. Disappearance of the remaining 1 to 4% from blood was rapid for all species. Half-times for DQ appearance in excreta were all less than one day. Cumulative excretion of DQ in eggs of chickens and quail was about 1% for both species. Disappearance of DQ from tissues was essentially complete in 14 days. More than 80% of injected 14C-narasin was eliminated from blood within 1/2 hr. Disappearance of the remainder was rapid for both chickens and quail. PMID- 3212938 TI - Comparative in vitro and in vivo drug metabolism in major and minor food producing species. PMID- 3212940 TI - Sulfadimethoxine pharmacokinetics and metabolism in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). AB - The pharmacokinetics of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) blood clearance, gastrointestinal absorption and tissue distribution and elimination were determined in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after intravenous and oral dosing using radiolabelled SDM. Blood clearance of SDM in catfish was rapid compared to mammals when the drug was given iv. Results from in vitro equilibrium dialysis studies suggest that this is due to a lower binding of SDM to plasma proteins in fish (18.4%) compared to mammalian species (60-88%). Results from oral dose studies indicated that SDM is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in channel catfish and distributes rapidly to body tissues, primarily the muscle. With time, concentrations of SDM in muscle decrease and the drug accumulates in the bile, primarily as the N-acetyl-metabolite. PMID- 3212939 TI - A review of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sulfadimethoxine in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) was examined in the rainbow trout. Results from pharmacokinetic studies indicate a lengthening of the SDM half-life when administration was shifted from single to a multiple dose regime. In contrast to mammals and similar to the catfish a low magnitude nonspecific plasma protein binding was evident with SDM. Volume of distribution data indicates that SDM is distributed in plasma, extracellular and to a limited degree, intracellular fluid spaces. This distribution was greater than that demonstrated for mammals; however, lower than for the lobster or catfish. Absorption of SDM from the trout gastrointestinal tract varied with chemical form and dosage. Lower relative bioavailability values were evident with crystalline SDM and with high doses of the sodium salt. SDM accumulated to the highest levels in the bile followed by the intestine, liver, blood, skin, kidney, spleen, gill, muscle and fat respectively. Biliary SDM was composed of parent, N-acetylated SDM, an unknown polar metabolite, and what appears to be a sulfate conjugate. PMID- 3212941 TI - Disposition of sulfadimethoxine in the lobster (Homarus americanus). AB - The long-acting sulfonamide antibacterial, sulfadimethoxine, has the potential for use in pen-held lobsters, Homarus americanus for treatment of gaffkemia. We evaluated the disposition of sulfadimethoxine after intrapericardial, oral or multiple oral administration of unlabelled or radiolabelled sulfadimethoxine (42 mg/kg) to 500 g lobsters. Elimination of parent sulfadimethoxine from hemolymph was very slow compared with elimination of the drug from blood of vertebrate species; the beta phase half-life was 77 hr in lobster as opposed to 7-40 hr in several vertebrate species. The pharmacokinetics of sulfadimethoxine after intrapericardial administration were linear up to 55 mg/kg, and binding of sulfadimethoxine to hemolymph proteins was constant over the range 14-200 micrograms/ml. During the first week after dosing, concentrations of sulfadimethoxine and metabolites (total radioactivity) were similar in all non excretory tissues, such that muscle, shell and hemolymph contained the largest percentage of the administered dose. By 2 weeks and later, hepatopancreas and digestive tract contained the highest concentration and percentage of the dose, by total radioactivity. Part of the dose of sulfadimethoxine was excreted unchanged in urine and part was metabolized in hepatopancreas to unknown polar metabolites. The major vertebrate metabolite, N-acetylsulfadimethoxine, was a very minor metabolite in lobster. Although sulfadimethoxine was extensively metabolized in hepatopancreas, the polar metabolites were very slowly excreted, suggesting inefficient excretion mechanisms for elimination of polar xenobiotic metabolites in the lobster. PMID- 3212942 TI - Comparative studies of pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole in food-producing animals. PMID- 3212943 TI - Use of dental services and dental health: United States, 1986. PMID- 3212944 TI - [Evans' syndrome]. PMID- 3212945 TI - [Heart involvement in Lyme disease]. PMID- 3212946 TI - [The effect of a single administration of diltiazem on exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris]. PMID- 3212947 TI - [Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3212948 TI - [Doppler measurement of pulse volume. Problems in clinical use]. PMID- 3212949 TI - [Holter electrocardiographic monitoring during ascent to high altitudes on a funicular]. PMID- 3212950 TI - [Increased levels of total lactate dehydrogenase in isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients on a chronic intermittent dialysis program]. PMID- 3212952 TI - [Changes in blood levels and urinary excretion of magnesium in diseases of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 3212951 TI - [Beta thalassemia in Czech families]. PMID- 3212953 TI - [Use of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in controlling the treatment of hepatic osteopathies]. PMID- 3212954 TI - [General principles of elaboration of methods of drug ultraphonophoresis and their violation in clinical practice]. PMID- 3212955 TI - [Use of hydrogen sulfide baths in the treatment of patients with hypertension]. PMID- 3212957 TI - [Successive use of ultrasonics and lysozyme electrophoresis in the treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3212956 TI - [Effect of low-intensity electromagnetic irradiation of the millimetric range on the bioelectric activity of peripheral and central neural structures and systemic hemodynamics in patients with hypertension]. PMID- 3212958 TI - [Effectiveness of therapeutic and rehabilitation complexes in the treatment of children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases and mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 3212959 TI - [The thrombocytic component of hemostasis in children with rheumatoid arthritis and its changes after mud therapy]. PMID- 3212960 TI - [Hydrocortisone acetate aerosol in the complex treatment of patients with cerebral leptomeningitis]. PMID- 3212961 TI - [Changes in the bioelectric activity of the brain in patients treated in the restorative period after operations on the intracranial blood vessels by oxygen baths and exercises in pools and indoors]. PMID- 3212963 TI - [Acupuncture in the complex treatment of patients with reactive arthritis]. PMID- 3212962 TI - [Clinical effectiveness of laser and magnetic-laser therapy of osteoarthrosis deformans]. PMID- 3212964 TI - [Lidase electrophoresis in the treatment of men with secretory-obstructive infertility]. PMID- 3212965 TI - [Combined effects of electromagnetic waves (27, 12 and 460 MGz) on the endocrine glands of men with secondary infertility]. PMID- 3212966 TI - [Experience with mud treatment of children with mucoviscidosis in a sanatorium]. PMID- 3212967 TI - [Mechanisms of formation of blockade of mobile segments of the spine]. PMID- 3212968 TI - [Iron-containing mineral water in the complex treatment of iron-deficiency anemia]. PMID- 3212969 TI - [Blood levels of gonadotropic and steroid hormones in patients with internal endometriosis treated by transcerebral ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic fields]. PMID- 3212970 TI - [Experimental physiotherapy of kidney calculi]. PMID- 3212971 TI - [The role and place of physiotherapy among other medical disciplines in the current stage of the development of higher medical education]. PMID- 3212973 TI - [Health resort factors in the rehabilitation of children with diseases of the digestive organs]. PMID- 3212972 TI - [Expediency of the further development of aeroionotherapy]. PMID- 3212974 TI - [A method of elaborating criteria for evaluation of the effectiveness of health resort treatment]. PMID- 3212975 TI - [Prevention of the spread of AIDS in the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 3212976 TI - [Chronotherapy of chronic bronchitis in coal miners]. PMID- 3212977 TI - [The viscoelastic properties of the arterial vessels in workers in contact with cyanuric chloride]. PMID- 3212979 TI - [Efficacy of the action of helium-neon laser radiation in treating erysipelas patients]. PMID- 3212978 TI - [The significance of autoimmune reactions in the treatment of erysipelas]. PMID- 3212980 TI - [Familial outbreak of ornithosis]. PMID- 3212981 TI - [Erosive-ulcerative lesions of the skin and mucous membranes in patients with yersiniosis]. PMID- 3212982 TI - [Medical services for workers in the mining industry]. PMID- 3212983 TI - [The provision of specialized pulmonologic care to the rural population]. PMID- 3212984 TI - [Elaboration of the criteria for the forming of group VII for outpatient observation]. PMID- 3212985 TI - [Organization of rheumatologic care for the population of Ternopol Province]. PMID- 3212986 TI - [Clinico-diagnostic significance of protein indices and blood enzyme activity in focal liver diseases]. PMID- 3212987 TI - [Somatic morbidity in alcoholism]. PMID- 3212988 TI - [Combined conservative therapy of diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 3212989 TI - [The intraperitoneal administration of chemical preparations and taktivin in the combined treatment of stomach cancer]. PMID- 3212990 TI - [Right-sided lumbar hernia]. PMID- 3212991 TI - [Bioregulation problems in the treatment of patients with autonomic vascular dystonia]. PMID- 3212992 TI - [Labetalol treatment of patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3212993 TI - [Changes in immunologic indices in dilated cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3212995 TI - [Diagnosis of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3212994 TI - [Intracardiac hemodynamics of patients with a history of repeated myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3212996 TI - [A case of supraventricular tachycardia due to an inadequate physical load]. PMID- 3212998 TI - [Indices of central and peripheral hemodynamics in patients with chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 3212997 TI - [The significance of bicuspidality and atherocalcinosis of the aortic valve in the occurrence of defects]. PMID- 3212999 TI - [A case of Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 3213000 TI - [Difficulties in diagnosing cancer of the cecum and ascending colon]. PMID- 3213001 TI - [Characteristics of hemodynamic indices during uncoordinated labor]. PMID- 3213002 TI - [Large granule-containing lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases]. PMID- 3213003 TI - [Changes in the content of bound polyamines in the whole blood in patients with chronic leukemia]. PMID- 3213004 TI - [Function of the hypophyseo-thyroid system in patients with post-thyrotoxic encephalo-ophthalmopathy]. PMID- 3213005 TI - [Function of fatty and muscle tissues in women with alimentary obesity]. PMID- 3213007 TI - [Significance of entropy of the blood serum protein fractions in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and cancer]. PMID- 3213006 TI - [Characteristics of the fatty acid composition of surfactant phospholipids in the condensate of the expired breath of patient with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3213008 TI - [Adaptive reactions of patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 3213009 TI - [Erythrocyte membrane function in smokers]. PMID- 3213010 TI - [A case of specific bronchiectasis]. PMID- 3213011 TI - [Rare benign tumors of the lungs]. PMID- 3213012 TI - [The role of the cytologic method in pathomorphologic research]. PMID- 3213013 TI - [Indices of the natural immunity system in patients with rectal cancer undergoing radiation treatment]. PMID- 3213014 TI - [A case of unmanageable status epilepticus due to a post-traumatic fronto-orbital false cerebral hernia]. PMID- 3213015 TI - [The distribution of blood antigen associations in persons with periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3213016 TI - [Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases]. AB - On 105 patients with thyroid gland diseases thin needle aspiration biopsy was performed. The cytologic examinations proved to be of great importance for the diagnosis of thyroiditis and thyroid cancer. When lymphoid cells were found immunocytochemical examination was made additionally. It allows the differentiation of the subacute thyroiditis from the chronic and recurrent thyroiditis. The thin needle aspiration biopsy is practically a harmless manipulation. The great frequency of the asymptomatic chronic thyroiditis and of thyroid gland cancer supports the recommendation of a wider application of the method in all patients with thyroid gland diseases. PMID- 3213017 TI - [Jubilee scientific session of the Scientific Institute of Internal Diseases, Medical Academy, on the 70th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Sofia, October 9, 1987. Proceedings]. PMID- 3213018 TI - [Second neoplasms in malignant hemopathies]. AB - 12 cases of a second malignant neoplasm in patients with a systemic hematologic disease were for a 10-year-period among the patients of a hematologic clinic. Seven of these cases are reported in detail. The factors which lead to this phenomenon becoming more frequent are discussed. PMID- 3213019 TI - [Endothelial vascular desquamation in diabetics]. AB - The endothelial vascular desquamation was studied in 32 diabetic patients and 150 healthy controls. In the diabetic patients a significantly high desquamation was found. No differences in the desquamation due to the type of diabetes, I or II, and its duration were found. The authors are of the opinion that the early vascular desquamation is the result of the high glycemia. PMID- 3213020 TI - [The level of glycosylated hemoglobin in obese patients]. AB - The glycosylated hemoglobin level was examined in 37 obese patients without manifested diabetes mellitus. The level was in the reference ranges. The patients who had lowered carbohydrate tolerance showed a tendency toward a higher glycohemoglobin level. The reduction of body mass was accompanied by a decrease of glycohemoglobin. PMID- 3213021 TI - [The serum testosterone level of patients with bronchial asthma treated with corticosteroids and untreated]. AB - The testosterone basic level was followed up in 427 asthmatic male patients treated and not treated with corticosteroids. In 172 of them (40.68%) basic low blood testosterone was found, in 1/3 of the patients (32.32%) the morning testosterone level was below 200 ng% and in 37 patients (8.67%) it was below 100 ng%. Low blood testosterone was more frequent in the corticosteroid-treated patients than in the patients who had never been treated with corticosteroids (31.63%). Among the untreated patients low blood testosterone was more frequent in the patients with nonatopic (40.82%) than in the patients with atopic (24.67%) and mixed type (27.16%) of bronchial asthma. Low blood testosterone was found mainly in the patients with severe (37.76%) and moderate (40.00%) form of the disease and very rarely in patients with mild form of bronchial asthma (8.51%). The basic testosterone level changes are probably due to the stress, hypoxia and corticosteroid treatment. The possibility of a direct suppressive action of exo- and endoallergens on the testes are discussed. PMID- 3213023 TI - [Immunochemical studies in glomerulonephritis with mesangial immunoglobulin A precipitation]. AB - Serum IgA, C3 and circulating immune complexes were examined in 20 patients with morphologically proved chronic glomerulonephritis with mesangial IgA precipitates and in 39 clinically healthy controls. The immune complexes were analyzed. 10 patients were with Berger's disease, 8 patients--with secondary IgA glomerulonephritis accompanying chronic liver disease and 1 patient was with Henoch-Schonlein's purpura. No significant differences were found between the mean values of IgA, C3 and the circulating immune complexes in the patients and the healthy controls as well as between the actively ill patients and those in remission. IgA and IgM in the immune complexes were significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy controls. IgA level in the immune complexes was significantly higher in the patients with active disease than in the patients in remission. In the patients with liver disease C3 and C4 often were not found in the immune complexes. In these patients it is possible that aggregates of immunoglobulins are found instead of immune complexes. The IgA level in the immune complexes could serve as a criterion for the disease activity. PMID- 3213022 TI - [Dynamic changes in the functional respiratory indices in chronic obstructive lung disease]. AB - The basic functional respiratory indices were followed up in 50 patients suffering from various forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease before and after treatment. A decrease of the dynamic indices followed up was found: inspiration indices--FEV 1% (forced expiratory volume), FVC% (forced vital capacity), FEV 1/FVC%, FEV 1/VC%; flow indices--MEF 25% (maximal expiratory flow), MEF 50% MEF 75%, PEF% (peak expiratory flow), MEF/FVC%, MMEF 25-70% (maximal mean expiratory flow). A decrease of vital capacity and of diffusion capacity was also found. The ratio RV/TLC% (residual volume/total lung capacity) was increased and a general hyperventilation was established. Moderate hypoxemia and lowered saturation by normocapnia and normal pH were also established. The control examinations after treatment showed improvement of all indices followed up. PMID- 3213024 TI - [Neurologic complications in malignant lymphoma]. AB - For a five year period 235 patients with a malignant lymphoma were studied in clinical conditions. In 20 of them (8.9%) the central nervous system was affected: 13 patients showed signs of spinal cord compression, 5 patients were with meningosis and 2 patients had cerebral infiltrations. The meningeal affection was found in patients presenting certain risk factors: young age, packages of lymph nodes localized retroperitoneally, lymphomas with a high degree of malignancy, extranodal localization. The patients with meningosis have a short longevity which implies meningeal prophylaxis in the risk groups. The spinal cord compression as a complication of the lymphoma does not determine the prognosis. The prognosis is related to the spread of the lymphoma. The knowledge of the early manifestations of these complications and the timely treatment lead to a favourable result. A very good therapeutic result can be achieved by the combined treatment--polychemotherapy and intrathecal administration of a cytostatic (cyclophosphamide and/or methotrexate). PMID- 3213026 TI - [Renal proteinuria studied by isoelectric focusing]. AB - The urines of 33 patients with various renal diseases and proteinuria from 0.5 up to 4.7 g/l were examined by isoelectric focusing in flat polyacrylamide gel with pH range of 3.5-10. According to the type of the individual proteins excreted in the urine, identified by immunoelectrophoresis, the following types of proteinuria were differentiated: physiological--4 patients, moderately selective- 26 patients, and feebly selective--3 patients. The isoelectric focusing of the urine revealed that the urine proteins were distributed in pH range 3.5-6.3. The lower the proteinuria, selectivity--the more proteins are found by isofocusing and the more they engage the cathode part of the pH-gradient. 22 urines can be examined simultaneously. The isofocusing allows the differentiation of the proteinuria and yields results well comparable with those of the immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 3213025 TI - [Familial studies of patients with hereditary angioedema]. AB - 25 families with 607 members were studied. 165 persons of them suffer from hereditary angioneurotic edema and 28 persons had died from this disease. The clinical forms of the disease are discussed. A classification of angioneurotic edema caused by C-inactivator deficiency is presented. The importance of the examination of C1 inactivator (quantitatively and qualitatively) and of C4 complement fraction in patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema is pointed out. PMID- 3213027 TI - [Effect of body position on laboratory hematological indices]. AB - The influence which the position of the body (recumbent, sitting or erect) exerts on the hematologic laboratory indices was studied in 32 clinically healthy persons from both sexes, 19 to 48 years of age. Blood was taken by venepuncture in each of three positions. The analyses were carried out by a hematologic analyzer "H 1 Technicon". The differences of the results were processed by the pair analysis. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets increase with the change of the body position from recumbent to sitting and to erect and the differences are statistically significant. The changes are due to a reversible hemoconcentration and redistribution of the blood. The analysis of the differential count revealed that the greatest increase is of the neutrophils which is probably due to the mobilization of the pool of neutrophils which are nearest to the vascular wall, the process being parallel to the process of hemoconcentration. PMID- 3213028 TI - [Effect of body position on substrates, enzymes and electrolytes in the serum of healthy subjects]. AB - 32 healthy persons, 12 men and 20 women, 19 to 48 years of age, were examined in the three positions--recumbent, sitting and erect. Blood was taken by venepuncture after 15 minutes stay in the position. The analyses were carried out with the discrete analyzer "PA-1000", flame photometer, chlorine titrator "Radiometer" and osmometer "Knauer". The statistical assessment was performed by the pair analysis. The changing of the body position from recumbent to sitting and to erect leads to a significant increase of the concentrations of the total protein and albumin which cannot pass through the capillary endothelial barrier following the changes in the hydrostatic and filtration pressure. The capillary endothelial barrier is permeable for the low-molecular compounds whose concentrations change insignificantly. Cholesterol and triglycerides are an exception since they are bound to nonfilterable lipoprotein complexes. Reliable increase of creatinine is found only in the women examined. Calcium which in the serum is protein-bound also increases significantly. A significant increase is found also of the activity of the enzymes creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma GTP. The changes of the activity of the enzymes AsAT, AlAT, LDH and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase are insignificant. PMID- 3213030 TI - [A new approach to evaluating the results of interlaboratory quality control in Bulgaria]. AB - The results of examinations carried out in 37 clinical laboratories in Bulgaria which participated in the interlaboratory quality assurance check are discussed. The check included 202 laboratories from 5 countries members of the Council of Mutual Economic Aid and covers the examinations of chlorine, sodium, potassium, calcium, urea, creatinine, total protein, cholesterol, glucose, inorganic phosphorus. The results are assessed by the "normative standard deviation" which differs from the "absolute quality index" used in the national external laboratory quality assurance check. The results of the Bulgarian laboratories are better in the examinations of glucose, urea, cholesterol and inorganic phosphorus. The analytical variations in protein, sodium and chlorine equal those of the other participants while the results of calcium, potassium and creatinine show greater variations. The interlaboratory variations of the results obtained by the different analytical methods are discussed. The results of the examinations of calcium and potassium are least acceptable. PMID- 3213031 TI - [Intralaboratory quality control over random and systematic errors using the combined Shewart-cusum check card]. AB - The method of the within-the-laboratory quality assurance check of the casual and systematic mistakes in the analytical process is presented. The results of the control serums are evaluated by the combined Shewart-cusum check card which is suitable for both casual and systematic mistakes while the classical check card controls the casual mistakes only. The method was used for evaluation of the analytical quality of the results determined by the automatic analyzer "RA 1000 Technicon". The general assessment of the combined method is that the systematic mistakes found are very often of no medical importance but in any case they are an "useful" information for the laboratory specialists in their efforts to provide a reliable laboratory information. PMID- 3213029 TI - [Ischemic heart disease--clinical, biochemical and immunobiological parallels]. AB - In patients with various forms of ischemic heart disease the following indices were examined by radial immunodiffusion: alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, alpha-1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, alpha-2-glycoprotein, beta-2-glycoprotein, immunoglobulin, C3 and C4 complement fractions. The changes in the serum glycoproteins during the acute phase of myocardial infarction are pointed out. The changes in the immunoglobulins and the complement fractions in patients with ischemic heart disease are discussed. Their determination in patients with stenocardia and past myocardial infarction is of no diagnostic value. PMID- 3213032 TI - [Long-term myelodysplastic syndrome transformed into blastic leukemia]. AB - A very rare case of myelodysplastic syndrome of long duration transformed into acute leukemia is reported. The syndrome presented with refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and after eight years of favourable course abruptly turned into acute myelomonoblastic leukemia with a rapid fatal outcome caused by gram negative sepsis. The disappearance of the ring-sideroblasts from the bone marrow is pointed out as a bad prognostic sign. Treatment of the myelodysplastic syndrome with small doses of cytosine arabinoside is discussed as well as the nonobligatory passing through the stage of a gradual increase of the blast cells before the transformation into acute leukemia. PMID- 3213034 TI - [Jubilee scientific session of the Scientific Institute of Internal Diseases, Medical Academy, on the 70th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Sofia, 9 October 1987. Proceedings]. PMID- 3213033 TI - [Lipoprotein and apoprotein changes in type-2 diabetes mellitus]. AB - Lipid metabolism indices were followed up in 62 patients with diabetes mellitus type II and in 20 healthy persons as controls. An increase of serum triglycerides, very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins, a decrease of high density lipoproteins and cholesterol in the upper reference range were found. Following diabetes compensation these indices became normal. In decompensated diabetes apoprotein A increased, apoprotein B decreased. Diabetes compensation lead to normalization of these indices. A comparative study of these indices in diabetics with and without ischemic heart disease was carried out. It showed a considerable decrease of the high density lipoproteins and a parallel increase of the very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins in the diabetics with ischemic heart disease. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that criterion for diabetes compensation should be not only the blood sugar normalization bur also the correction of the lipid fractions changes. PMID- 3213035 TI - [Changes in the coagulation status of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease following the electrophoretic use of heparin]. AB - 49 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 40 healthy persons were examined. The hemocoagulation state indices were followed up before and after treatment. The patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were classified into two groups: I gr.--treated without drugs acting on the hemocoagulation factors, II gr.--treated with heparin applied by electrophoresis. Significant changes of some of the basic indices of hemostasis were found. Following electrophoretic application of heparin they were considerably improved compared with the control group of patients treated without heparin. This kind of treatment is well tolerated by the patients and does not lead to untoward reactions. PMID- 3213036 TI - [The importance of determining the cough reflex threshold in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract diseases]. AB - The cough reflex was studied in 91 patients classified into two groups: 54 patients with somatic pulmonary disease and marked bronchial hyperreactivity and 37 patients without bronchial hyperreactivity, some of the threatened with bronchial asthma, others with neurotic functional disorders only. The study shows that the stimulated cough reflex could be objectified in the patients, in the patients threatened with bronchial asthma and in some patients with functional disorders linked with neurosis. PMID- 3213037 TI - [Intracellular content of sodium and potassium in patients with hypertension]. AB - The sodium and potassium contents in the erythrocytes was studied in 31 persons: 15 hypertensive patients in I stage of the disease and 16 persons with normal arterial pressure as a reference group. In the hypertensive patients a light degree, statistically insignificant increase of the intracellular sodium concentration compared to that of the normotensive persons was found (7.62 mmol/l cells against 6.58 mmol/l cells). No differences in the potassium contents were established. These light degree changes of the intracellular sodium contents in hypertensive patients I stage could be assessed more precisely if a parallel study of the activity of the sodium transport transmembrane mechanisms is carried out. PMID- 3213039 TI - [Current trends in research on diffuse connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 3213038 TI - [Hemostatic studies in decompensated diabetes mellitus]. AB - In 35 patients with decompensated diabetes mellitus the following hemostatic indices were studied: glycohemoglobin, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrin monomers (determined by protamine sulfate test), fibrinogen and platelet count. A statistically significant decrease of the prothrombin time (p less than 0.001) and of the partial thromboplastin time (p less than 0.001) was found. Glycohemoglobin was significantly increased in all patients. The remaining indices were in the normal ranges. A syndrome of increased latent coagulability emerges which explains the tendency to thromboembolism in diabetes. PMID- 3213040 TI - [The problems of treating acute critical states in diffuse connective tissue diseases]. AB - Critical conditions had been established in 21 (23.1%) of 91 patients with systemic connective tissue diseases for a 12 year period: renal failure (most often), sepsis, pericarditis with cardiac tamponade, hemorrhagic diathesis, terminal arteritis with gangrene, gastrointestinal perforations with peritonitis, etc. The corticosteroids applied in high doses and predominantly parenterally and the immunosuppressors are the main drugs used in the treatment of these conditions. Plasmapheresis when possible is a useful supplement. The prognosis of the acute critical conditions depends mainly on the affected organ (more favorable in pericarditis with tamponade and unfavorable in renal failure and gastrointestinal perforations with peritonitis (and on the basic disease) more optimistic in systemic lupus erythematodes and very pessimistic in nodal periarteritis and other allergic vasculitis). PMID- 3213041 TI - [Pulsed methylprednisolone therapy of patients with systemic connective tissue diseases and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3213042 TI - [Intravenous pulsed therapy with prednisolone hemisuccinate in severe forms of systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - The intravenous pulsed treatment with prednisone hemisuccinate of severe forms of systemic lupus erythematosus influences favorably the basic clinical manifestations of the disease--polyarthritis, fever, vasculitis, myocarditis, sialoadenitis. Prednisolone is as efficient as methylprednisolone in the pulsed treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3213043 TI - [The Dubin-Johnson syndrome]. AB - Three cases of Dubin-Johnson syndrome in close relatives--brother, sister and a brother's son--are reported. The clinical characteristics, evolution, diagnostic and differential diagnostic problems as well as the treatment and prognosis of the disease are pointed out. PMID- 3213045 TI - Personal world expansion for survivors of murder victims. PMID- 3213044 TI - [A case of an atypical course in pheochromocytoma]. AB - A case of a young woman, 33 years of age, suffering from pheochromocytoma with an atypical course (proved pathologicoanatomically) with the clinical picture of shock hyperpyrexia (up to 41 degrees C), leucocytosis with a shift to the left is presented. The authors are of the opinion that the atypical course is probably due to the prevailing adrenaline secretion. The contemporary drug treatment of these cases is discussed. PMID- 3213046 TI - Nursing research in midwestern hospitals. PMID- 3213047 TI - Job satisfaction, powerlessness, and locus of control. PMID- 3213048 TI - Multiple triangulation and contemporary nursing research. PMID- 3213049 TI - Nursing research and the discipline of ethological science. PMID- 3213050 TI - Q-sort update. PMID- 3213051 TI - Computer use and nursing research. A computerized taxonomy of nursing diagnoses for use in ambulatory care nursing education, practice, and research--Part 2: The use of modifiers. PMID- 3213052 TI - Strategies for teaching nursing research. Role-play to simulate application of research findings. PMID- 3213053 TI - Research in cultural diversity. Institute for the Study of Culture and Nursing- I. PMID- 3213054 TI - [Effect of prostaglandin E1 on the formation of experimental arterial and venous thrombosis]. AB - The effect of prostaglandin E1 on thrombus formation and haemostasis was investigated in a standardized experimental model in 20 rabbits. Arterial thrombus formation was reduced significantly by 70% and venous thrombosis by 68% in comparison with the controls. Collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation was also inhibited significantly. Additionally, the time lag until onset of collagen-induced aggregation was significantly prolonged. Platelet count however, and plasma coagulation time showed no change. The data demonstrate a clear inhibition of arterial and venous thrombus formation, suggesting a powerful antithrombotic activity of prostaglandin E1. The effect may be explained by an influence on platelet function. The data further indicate that a full antithrombotic effect is achieved during prostaglandin E1 infusion. PMID- 3213055 TI - [Signal detection by analog/digital conversion using personal computers. III: Examples from general practice and organizational aspects]. AB - Technical and organisational aspects of the setup of an analog/digital conversion are discussed in the light of two clinical reference installations. The first example deals with a closed loop regulation system used to control a cardio surgical intervention. This setup works with repeated turns of acquisition and evaluation. The second example describes a comprehensive haemodynamic beat-by beat analysis, involving data acquisition from FM-coded tape, preprocessing on the PC, file transfer to a mainframe and a detailed statistical and graphical evaluation within the package SAS. Special attention is given to certain technical issues and to criteria of performance. Finally, setup procedures are suggested which may help in the avoidance of certain insufficiencies which are likely to occur in a first attempt to establish A/D conversion within clinical research projects. PMID- 3213056 TI - Usefulness of antistreptolysin titre determination in Still's syndrome. AB - ASL-titer determination obviously can be used to document successful drug intervention in patients with Still's syndrome. PMID- 3213058 TI - [Diabetic angiopathy and surgical consequences as a basis for rehabilitation]. AB - Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of arterial occlusive disease. 2 kinds of diabetic angiopathy with different sequelae can be found needing surgical therapy after failure of conservative treatment; quite often it is necessary to perform an amputation sooner or later. By sufficient walking exercises and exact preoperative workup it is possible to find a favourable level of amputation. Good operative technique and early postoperative mobilisation of the patient can lead to complete rehabilitation. PMID- 3213057 TI - [Blood circulation in diabetic patients and its effects on sports]. AB - Patients with diabetes mellitus should go in for sports. They must reduce all other risk factors. If there is a hyperviscosemia too, additionally a medication seems to be helpful. PMID- 3213059 TI - [Principles and general practice of goal-oriented planning of training in patients with diabetic nephropathy and in dialysis patients]. AB - Uremic patients on hemodialysis suffer from marked reduction of physical exercise capacity. This reduction cannot solely be explained by the underlying disease and co-existing anemia. We wondered, whether reduced exercise capacity in these patients might be due to lack of physical exercise and whether anaerobic exercise training (AET) would lead to improved work capacity. 8 patients were enrolled in this study. At the beginning and at the end of the training period, which lasted 4 to 6 weeks, a symptom-limited incremental bicycle-spiroergometry was performed. AET led to a significant increase in exercise capacity without any changes in the renal status and hematocrit as well as hemoglobin values. From these data we conclude, that decreased exercise capacity in uremic patients on dialysis is due to inadequate exercise performance of these patients and that AET is able to improve exercise capacity. PMID- 3213061 TI - [Guidelines for diabetic patients participating in Alpine sports]. AB - The valuation of practicing alpine sport for diabetics has to be performed individually and depends always not only on the type of the alpinistic burden (kind and volume of the project) but also on the individual situation of metabolism and the according therapy. Under these conditions alpine sports can offer health-benefits to diabetics which without doubt overweight possible risks. PMID- 3213060 TI - [Principles and general practice of a goal-oriented training plan for diabetic patients participating in sports]. AB - Due to a well known experience physical work in patients with diabetes mellitus II is a very important part of the therapy beside diet and medicament treatment. To guarantee a high training efficiency an individual training regimen has to be worked out for the patient. To influence the impaired glucose metabolism the endurance exercise should be carried out at an intensity near the anaerobic threshold. Therefore it is necessary to have a stepwise incremental exercise test including lactate determination after each work load of the patient. Basing on exercise test this paper is designed to give an example of a training regimen in various sport activities (bicycle, running, ski cross country running, swimming) which enables the physician to handle his diabetic patient with an stepwise increasing training program to an optimal training intensity. PMID- 3213062 TI - [Cytochrome P-450]. PMID- 3213063 TI - [Status of information of interested lay persons: results of a questionnaire survey by the Styrian Heart Association]. AB - 181 interested individuals (75 males, 106 females; range 16 to 84 years) responded to a questionnaire issued within the information and instruction courses of the Styrian Cardiovascular Non-professional Society. The main topic of the questionnaire concerned information gained via media, possible risk factors leading to cardiovascular diseases and any changes in living conditions due to such facts. The results show clearly that the general knowledge in this field especially in younger subjects is disappointing and further intensive information and instruction would be urgently required. PMID- 3213064 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of acupuncture and physical therapy in ambulatory patients with gonarthrosis]. AB - A comparative study between acupuncture and physical therapy in patients with gonarthrosis is reported. Patients treated with physical therapy showed 4 parameters significantly reduced after a treatment duration of 2 weeks, and 7 out of 10 parameters after 4 weeks of therapy. Acupuncture could better 2 parameters but only after 4 weeks of treatment. Although physical therapy was superior in most of the objective measurements, the subjective judgement by the patients of the efficacy of both treatments found no significant difference. In summary acupuncture is thought to be only an additional form of treatment in gonarthrosis. PMID- 3213065 TI - [Perioperative treatment of patients with varicose veins using calcium dobesilate]. AB - Altogether 120 patients with medium to serious forms of varicositas were examined perioperatively after having been divided into 3 groups. Groups I and II were administered perioperatively a daily dosage of 1000 mg (2 x 1 capsule) of the preparation Doxium (Ebewe Arzneimittel GmbH, Unterach am Attersee) during 8 weeks - 2 weeks preoperatively and 6 weeks postoperatively. Group III was used for control purposes. The following was valued as parameter of comparison: kind and seriousness of perioperative trouble, alteration of peripheric oedemas, results of plethysmographic examinations as well as light-reflex-rheography examinations and the post-operative healing-process. Groups I and II (medication of Doxium) showed a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction of the peripheric oedemas already in the preoperative state and postoperatively, the patients had less trouble and a quicker healing-process was observed compared with group III. PMID- 3213067 TI - [Cultural aspects of lectures presented at meetings]. PMID- 3213066 TI - [Clinical experiences with iron-folic acid substitution in pregnancy in the form of an effervescent tablet]. AB - Between the 30th and 36th week of gestation 30 patients were treated with ferrum in combination with folic acid. Every 14 days in both groups the erythrocytes, the hemoglobin and the folic acid were evaluated. There was a high significance between the two groups after the therapy. No intestinal side effects must be registered in the "verum" group. PMID- 3213068 TI - [Age-related peculiarities of adrenergic regulation of the contractility and pump function of the heart]. AB - The pharmacodynamics of adrenaline were investigated with respect to the adrenergic regulation of the contractility, of the pumping function and of the systolic function of the heart, aiming at the examination of age particularities. The results show that the positively effect of adrenaline becomes less with increasing age. The arrhythmogenic effect of the preparation is described, just as its effect on blood pressure regulation. The results are discussed in detail. PMID- 3213069 TI - [Preventive modification of risk factors--results of a health study]. PMID- 3213070 TI - [Professional employment during retirement age from a social viewpoint]. PMID- 3213071 TI - [The significance of professional activity for future concepts of the elderly]. AB - Shaping one's own way of life is essentially a matter of planning, in terms of both subject matter and time span. In an experiment involving 100 men and women of pre-pension age, the authors sought to ascertain how much the personality forming-effects of occupational work bear upon the spheres and dimensions of people's conceptions of their old-age life. The results prove that lifelong learning, the measure of responsibility and the importance attached to one's own vocational career correlate positively with the score and time span of such conceptions. PMID- 3213072 TI - [Prevention of decubitus ulcer--a continuing challenge]. PMID- 3213073 TI - [Neurologic unilateral symptoms--erroneous diagnostic assessment in hyperosmolar diabetic coma]. PMID- 3213075 TI - [Sarcoidosis with heart involvement]. PMID- 3213074 TI - [Results of the treatment of embolism of arteries of the extremities]. PMID- 3213076 TI - [What is acceptable--intervention in the nursing home? Critical considerations on a method]. PMID- 3213077 TI - [The importance of patient education at the bedside and saying good-by for managing grief by those left behind]. PMID- 3213078 TI - [Education on health-promoting behaviors in groups of workers]. PMID- 3213080 TI - [Biometry/biostatistics in medical research]. PMID- 3213079 TI - [Introduction to the topic "Biostatistics and scientific methodology"]. PMID- 3213081 TI - [Selected statistical measurement values]. PMID- 3213082 TI - [Comparison of 2 median values (t-test for independent and dependent random samples]. PMID- 3213083 TI - [Comparison of 2 related random samples: predictive test and Wilcoxon predictive range test]. PMID- 3213084 TI - [Comparison of 2 independent random samples and evaluating a theoretical distribution--2 variants of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test]. PMID- 3213085 TI - [Statistical comparison of multiple independent random samples: analysis of variance and the Newman-Keuls test]. PMID- 3213086 TI - [Comparison of independent samples: the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Conover multiple median value comparison]. PMID- 3213087 TI - [Statistical comparison of multiple dependent samples--the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon and Wilcox Dij test]. PMID- 3213088 TI - [Frequency analysis]. PMID- 3213089 TI - [Recommendations for the treatment of dialysis patients infected with HTLV III/LAV]. PMID- 3213090 TI - [Analysis of 3-dimensional contingency tables]. PMID- 3213091 TI - [Measures of independence and correlation--simple linear regression and correlation]. PMID- 3213092 TI - [Evaluation of medical data using statistics software: the program packet ABSTAT]. PMID- 3213093 TI - [Responsibilities and limits of chemical toxicology]. PMID- 3213094 TI - [Results of controls of hospital health in physical therapy facilities of the Potsdam district]. PMID- 3213096 TI - [Principles of ecologic evaluation of waste dump surfaces]. PMID- 3213095 TI - [Serologic cross reactions between Legionellae and other pathogens of respiratory infections in the sera of patients with pneumonia]. PMID- 3213097 TI - [Prospective study of the effect of acute respiratory diseases on the level of delta-aminolevulinic acid in the urine]. PMID- 3213098 TI - [Effect of ethylenethiourea on kidney function in the rat]. PMID- 3213099 TI - [How do adults evaluate their dental and oral hygiene status?]. PMID- 3213100 TI - [Heavy metal exposure of the dental technician]. PMID- 3213102 TI - [Physiologically optimal arrangement of hand control elements of the operating system of mobile machines]. PMID- 3213101 TI - [Experimental studies of the heat effect of directed temperature radiation with microcomputer-assisted control of the study course, data recording and evaluation]. PMID- 3213103 TI - [Status, results and perspectives of psychological research on job satisfaction- exemplified by teaching]. PMID- 3213104 TI - [Air public health. Distribution of air pollutants. A microcomputer program for special problems in the distribution of air pollutants]. PMID- 3213105 TI - [Contamination with pathogenic plant viruses of soil and water]. PMID- 3213106 TI - [Evaluation of virus inactivation within the scope of biological toxicity assessment of water samples]. PMID- 3213107 TI - [Aspects of virus inactivation in water]. PMID- 3213108 TI - [Problems in public health virological control of natural recreational areas]. PMID- 3213110 TI - [Chronic obstructive lung diseases II. Concluding remarks: "No cure in sight"]. PMID- 3213109 TI - [Development of a procedure for the study of the viral infection potential of dental aerosols]. PMID- 3213111 TI - [Electrophysiologic findings in so-called latent cardiomyopathies]. AB - In the framework of a diagnostic cardiac catheterization for the confirmation or exclusion of an idiopathic myocardial disease 72 patients with latent cardiomyopathy (LCM) and 51 patients without pathological haemodynamic parameters (Non-CM) were examined electrophysiologically. Intraventricular and His-Purkinje conduction defects were essentially more frequently to be proved in patients with LCM than in the non-CM group, whereas an increased ventricular vulnerability in the two groups of patients was existing in about 20% of the cases. The disturbances of rhythm anamnestically frequently mentioned by patients with LCM might above all be traced back to atrial dysrhythmias, since in about one third of the examined patients an increased atrial vulnerability could be proved. Prospective studies of the course must explain, whether the pathological electrophysiological parameters are of prognostic importance in patients with LCM. PMID- 3213112 TI - [Changes in 99mTc uptake by the thyroid gland and serum triiodothyronine and thyrotropin concentrations following completion of alimentary iodine administration]. AB - In the current number of patients examined of a nuclear-medical institution the TdTU-, TT3- and TSH-values of various groups of diagnosis were compared in a defined period before and after prophylaxis of struma with iodide (IP). After prophylaxis with iodide the results show a better diagnostic evaluability of the TcTU and a regression of the TSH mean value of the euthyroid group of patients. Possible consequences for the diagnostic practice are shown. PMID- 3213113 TI - [Priapism--erectile potency following conservative and surgical treatment]. AB - Priapism is a rare urologic disease, which is characterized by a pathological, increasingly painful permanent erection of the penis, is appearing without sexual sensations and does not recede spontaneously. The cavernous bodies are affected, not, however, the corpus spongiosum penis and the glans penis. A permanent loss of the erection caused by fibrosation of the trabeculae in the corpora cavernosa is the main complication of the disease. At the instance of 16 cases of the disease conservative and operative methods of therapy are discussed and described as method of choice the cavernosoglandular shunt of puncture after Ebbehoj/Winter is described. It is referred to the prognostic significance of an early, primarily operative treatment. PMID- 3213114 TI - [Roentgen image of the trachea in the supine position in substernal struma: a further possibility in avoiding radioiodine diagnosis]. AB - It is recommended in substernal struma in the X-ray picture of the trachea prior to the X-ray picture in sitting position to make an X-ray picture in lying position, when the substernal part of the struma is not unequivocally to be seen in the 99mTc scintigram. Thus in many cases the discrepancy may be clarified and the radioiodine diagnostics be avoided. PMID- 3213115 TI - [Primary metastatic choriocarcinoma of the stomach]. AB - Report an a post-mortem examination of a pure primary metastasizing chorion carcinoma of the stomach in a 66-year-old female patient. Referring to literature the formal pathogenesis and differential-diagnostic aspects are discussed. Due to the frequent combination with an adenocarcinoma the chorion carcinoma of the stomach is regarded above all as the result of a back-differentiation with realization of extraembryonic structures. But apart from this also a direct development from the HCG-producing cells of the gastric mucous membrane is supposed. PMID- 3213117 TI - [Acute cerebrovascular disease in patients of employable age-- results of a staged therapy program]. AB - The authors take position to distribution of age, sex and stadium, risk factors and therapeutic possibilities in 85 patients with cerebrovascular disease under 65 years. 80 percent have had hypertension, 34 percent diabetes and 15 percent had overweight. Ischemic forms of CVI prevailed with 62 percent. Within the stadia the age distribution is equal. In Stadium II and III mortality is small independent of age. The therapeutic success seems to be independent of therapeutic program. In stadium IV an oncoosmotic and brain metabolism promoting program seems to be superior to an only oncoosmotic acting. An ordered therapy program after CVI-stadia is proposed. PMID- 3213116 TI - [Kineto- and displacement cardiography in heart valve diseases and possible diagnostic values]. AB - With the help of the method of the kinetocardiography (KKG) inaugurated by Eddleman and the displacement cardiography (DKG) using a high fidelity changer, apart from a control group of 12 test persons with healthy heart 8 different groups of cardiac abnormalities consisting of altogether 88 patients were examined. Displacement cardiography and kinetocardiography did not significantly differ in the course of the curves. The courses of the curves for the cardiac abnormalities proved reproducible. There were significant differences in at least 6 parameters of the curves (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001) between the control group and each group with cardiac abnormalities. Linear correlations between the parameters of the curves and invasively gained cardial parameters confirm relations relevant to cardiac abnormalities. In future in possible computer assisted analyses of curves a better rational evaluation in controls of the curves will be the result. The value of this methodology lies in the character of the parameters confirming the cardiac abnormalities. The disadvantage consists in the absent exact quantification of the degree of severity. PMID- 3213118 TI - [Relation of elevated ST segment in the electrocardiogram to echocardiography determined wall kinetics in patients after myocardial infarct]. AB - The connection of ECG findings and disturbances of the kinetics after myocardial infarction was controlled on 104 patients in correlation to the echocardiography. The investigations were performed at discharge from hospital and in the 3rd month after infarction by means of ECG at rest and exercise electrocardiogramme as well as echocardiography. In this case was shown that the elevation of the ST-segment after anterior-wall infarction was above all the expression of an ischaemia and was in most cases accompanied by an akinesia of the anterior wall. Only patients with a precordial ST-elevation over 2 mm at rest with increase to more than 4 mm under exercise or patients with a smaller ST-elevation, but a symptom-limited performance to 50 Watt, connected with ST-elevation, ventricular extrasystoles or pathological diastolic pressure of the pulmonary arteries as withdrawal criterion belonged to the group with dyskinesias and aneurysms, respectively. PMID- 3213119 TI - [Status quo in lipid diagnosis from the internal medicine viewpoint. Discussion of the contribution of the same title by W. Reuter in Z. gesamte inn. Med. 43 (1988) 71-74]. PMID- 3213120 TI - [Status quo in lipid diagnosis from the internal medicine viewpoint]. PMID- 3213121 TI - [Venous hemodynamics in axillary venous stasis]. AB - By means of venous-occlusion plethysmography in 40 patients (24 men, 16 women) with stasis of the axillary vein the venous return was measured. This was 62.3 +/ 21.5 ml/100 ml/min. on the healthy arm. Long-term venous thromboses had worse return values (43.7%) than short occlusions (71.6% of the healthy side). Responsible for the favourable late results, which express themselves in increasing return values, is in general the development of an efficient collateral circulation and recanalisation, respectively, after thrombolysis or thrombectomy. The plethysmographic measurement of the back flow apart from the phlebography of the arm is recommended for the diagnosis and control of the course of the stasis of the axillary vein. PMID- 3213122 TI - [The status of prazosin in therapy of chronic heart failure]. AB - Cardiac dysfunction and neurohumoral dysregulation show that the administration of vasodilators is reasonable in a cardiac insufficiency which is therapy refractory against glycosides and saluretics. The alpha 1-blocker prazosin is a potent substance. On the basis of haemodynamic investigations of 55 patients the acute effects are demonstrated. Depending upon the degree of the cardiac insufficiency and the sympathetic dysregulation--measured at the behaviour of the resistance--the acute effects are convincing in more than 60% of the patients. For the long-term course patients with unequivocal initial improvement are suitable. This group can undergo a satisfactory therapy for a longer time by means of a carefully increased dosage, by corrections of the application of saluretics and by short interruptions of therapy and by the change of the dilator, respectively, or by an additional administration of another vasodilator. In the total spectre of the vasodilators which are administered in cardiac insufficiency prazosin occupies one of the first places. PMID- 3213123 TI - [Ullrich-Turner syndrome in adolescence and adulthood. Endocrinologic studies]. AB - The systematic hormone analyses in patients with Turner's syndrome which up to now were not performed in the size demonstrated do not show beyond the gonadotropic regulating circle any clues to practice relevant disturbances of the hypothalamo-pituitary centres of the classical endocrine regulating circles and in the secretion of steroids. However, an importance is ascribed to the occasional pathological androgen levels, in the individual case therapeutic consequences may be the result (substitution of the deficiency is ascertained, extirpation of the gonads in a tumour with hypersecretion of androgen). The functional investigations of the gonadal regulating circle are of outstanding importance. The diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic assessment concerning a possible endocrine ovarial residual activity is without doubt possible on the basis of the gonadotropin values. PMID- 3213124 TI - [Effectiveness of various forms of therapy in chronic cardiovascular diseases--a vector analysis of the transition probabilities of degrees of severity]. AB - The present findings result from a check of probationers representative for approx. 280,000 inhabitants of defined territories, who had been designated as suspects of heart and vessel disease on grounds of X-ray-morphological criterions (classification by Richter). Those about 3,000 suspects, subdivided into 3 comparable patient groups A, B and C, underwent different regimes of treatment of outpatient medical practice after standardized and noninvasive diagnostics in a follow-up during 5 years and had been valued by means of a problem-specific grading. The comparative analysis about the distribution of severe degrees concerning hypertension and coronary heart disease after the conclusion of the intervention showed significant differences concerning the results of treatment to the credit of the patient group A (treated by specialists) contrary to the patient group B (treated by family doctors) and patient group C (principle of announcing the patients themselves). Also the patient group B showed significantly better results of therapy compared with the patient group C. In addition to the concluding rating the estimation of yearly transition of severe degrees gave an insight into the therapeutical decision of the person who looks after as well as the different distribution of severe degrees of special heart diseases in dependence on the starting severe degree in the special period of intervention conditioned on the therapy. The results gain exceptional importance for practice on the grounds of methodics of the study-automatable classification of dv-thorax-X-ray pictures, problem-specific grading of noninvasive, simple parameters, variants of therapy in dependence on the graduated system of medical care. PMID- 3213126 TI - [Tracheobronchomegaly--a case report]. AB - On the basis of a casuistics is referred to the infrequent tracheobronchomegaly with disturbed respiratory mechanics (tracheal collapse) and relapsing bronchitides due to a congenital or acquired loss of elasticity of trachea and main bronchi. Bronchoscopy and bronchography ascertain the diagnosis which may be supposed already on the full-size X-ray by the demonstration of an abnormally wide trachea. The conservative therapy of the in most cases mucopurulent bronchitis for the purpose of the prevention of a global respiratory insufficiency apart from mucolytics often demands the application of antibiotics. In individual cases the prognosis may be improved by stabilizing operative corrections of the trachea and the resection treatment of accompanying bronchiectases. PMID- 3213127 TI - [Alcoholism and resulting damage. 29th Bad Mergentheimer Liver and Metabolism Meeting. 9-11 October 1987. Proceedings]. PMID- 3213125 TI - [Duodenal bile acid output in gastroenterologic diseases]. AB - The biliary secretion of bile acids was measured with the modified secretin pancreozymin test in 50 patients with various gastroenterological diseases and in a control group. In the control group the highest bile acid output and the lowest G/T quotient was estimated. In comparison to the control group, the bile acid output in the patients with gastroenterological disorders was reduced significantly to a varying degree. Except in postcholecystectomy patients, it was proved that the G/T quotient was significantly increased compared to that in the control group. The estimation of bile acid output and the G/T quotient presented here shows an easier extension of the validity of the secretin-pancreozymin test which does not indice any additional burden to the patients. PMID- 3213128 TI - [The substance-dependent patient, his social environment and the responsibility of counseling agencies]. PMID- 3213129 TI - [The alcohol problem in the occupational world]. PMID- 3213130 TI - [The public health political status of alcohol drinking in West Germany]. AB - During the last years the per-capita-consumption of pure alcohol in the Federal Republic of Germany is slightly decreasing. In 1986 every person consumed an average of 11.5 litres of pure alcohol (146.4 litres of beer, 23.3 litres of wine and 6.1 litres of spirits). The amount of the alcohol addicts must be estimated at about 1.5 to 1.8 million people. Among the alcohol-abusers and alcohol-addicts the rate of mortality, caused by accidents, physical diseases and suicides is many times higher than among the non-drinking or rarely drinking population. Alcoholism liver-cirrhosis and pancreatitis are responsible for about 20.000 deaths per annum and for the loss of 400.000 years of life. PMID- 3213131 TI - [Influence of pindolol on maternal cardiovascular parameters and contractility of the puerperal uterus]. AB - In the present study the influence of beta-receptor blockers on uterine activity was examined. In the postpartum period of 16 enrollees blood pressure, heart frequency, contraction frequency, basal tone, contraction intensity as well as the Montevideo Units were recorded at intervals of 10 minutes during and after infusion of 0.8 resp. 1.6 mg pindolol. Pindolol with its inherent intrinsic sympathomimetic activity led to the well known decrease of blood pressure but did not increase uterine activity. PMID- 3213132 TI - [The significance of passive smoking in pregnancy]. AB - It is unclear whether passive smoking has any deleterious effects on pregnancy. The few investigations performed up to date seem to imply that passively inhaled cigarette smoke has teratogenic potential. To examine the extent of passive smoking during pregnancy detailed smoking histories were obtained from 442 pregnant women. Whereas only one in five women smoked actively during pregnancy, one in three women had a history of passive smoking. In additional 101 pregnant women serum-cotinine levels were determined. With this additional parameter it was possible to make a much more detailed determination of actual exposure to tobacco smoke than by using history alone. PMID- 3213133 TI - [Carnitine levels in pregnancy]. AB - Carnitine (trimethylamino-hydroxy butyric acid) is present in all living cells. It is necessary for the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria and for other metabolic functions of the cell. Studies in various animal species have demonstrated a transfer of carnitine from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy. Recent studies reported decreased carnitine levels at term, but little is known on carnitine levels during various stages of human gestation. Therefore it was interesting to measure the blood carnitine status during normal human pregnancy from early stages up to term, including analyses of umbilical cord blood of the newborn. The results show a gradually decreasing carnitine level in maternal plasma, a sharp decline within the 1st trimester was followed by a much slower but highly significant decrease in the 2nd and 3rd trimester. In whole blood carnitine levels are decreasing, too. The continuous decrease of the portion of plasma carnitine in whole blood is correlated with a higher carnitine concentration in the blood cells. Together these results might indicate an increased need of carnitine during pregnancy. Therefore the clinical application of carnitine not only to provide a respiratory distress syndrome should be examined. PMID- 3213134 TI - [Clinical experiences with intracervical prostaglandin E2 administration for labor induction]. AB - From January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1987, 119 patients among a total number of 2309 were recorded prospectively, who needed induction of labour for mixed indications (Group A), for a premature rupture of the membrane (Group B) or for medical indication (Group C). Independently of the ripe of cervix the results were significantly better in the multiparae than nulliparae respecting the success of induction, the duration of labour and the rate of Caesarean sections. 66.4% (n = 79) of all cases could be delivered within 24 hours after the first gel-application. Statistically significant differences in the partial collectives A, B, and C were seen only by unripe cervix (A = 60.0%, B = 71.4%, C = 30.0%). Repeated tries of inductions led to statistically significant more rates of Caesarean sections, fever during labour and prolonged course of labour. The rate of Caesarean sections and the fetal post-partum results comparing to the other remaining deliveries in 1986/87 were statistically not different. Side effects induced by Prostaglandins were only founded in two cases concerning nausea. Uterine hyperactivities with pathological CTG-patterns being resistant to treatment with beta-mimetics were found in one case. As severe complication the only case with particular rupture of uterus must be seen. Based on our experience the intracervical PGE2-application for induction of labour is not disadvantageous for mother and fetus, if there are certain indications and fixed criteria. PMID- 3213135 TI - [Tocolysis with fenoterol suppositories--a comparison with oral administration of fenoterol tablets]. AB - A new application form of fenoterol (Partusisten) as 15 mg suppositories from Boehringer Ingelheim was tested for its tocolytic effect, tolerance and the main side effects under usual clinical conditions in a prospective study in 50 pregnant patients with premature labour in 24-36th week of gestation. During one week's treatment 25 pregnant women received 3 to 4 15 mg fenoterol suppositories and 25 patients 6 to 8 5 mg fenoterol tablets. Beginning on the second day of treatment until the end of therapy in both groups a reduction of the uterine activity of at least 50 percent was achieved. The uterine relaxant effect was sufficient until 3 to 4 hours after the application of fenoterol tablets and 6 to 8 hours after the application of fenoterol suppositories. Side effects were mainly limited to cardiovascular complaints, restlessness and tremor, and we found no significant difference between tablets and suppositories. The maternal heart rate reached its highest level on the second day of treatment. Fenoterol suppositories can be recommended in all cases, where an oral tocolytic therapy is not possible e.g. in cases of vomiting or before operations. Here the application of fenoterol suppositories can replace in some cases the intravenous infusion of fenoterol. PMID- 3213136 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation following myocardial infarct: determinants of prognosis and disease course]. AB - To assess the risk of sudden death 79 patients (pts) with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT) and 37 patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) after myocardial infarction (MI) were studied by coronary angiography, ambulatory monitoring, and programmed electrical stimulation. Mean follow-up was 28 +/- 12 months. Total mortality was significantly higher in pts with VF (13/37, 35%) than in pts with SMVT (15/79, 19%) (p less than 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences in the incidence of sudden death between pts with VF (6/37, 16%) and those with SMVT (5/79, 6%) (p = 0.09). Patients with VF had more frequent anterior and multiple MI's (33/37, 89%) than pts with SMVT (42/79, 53%) (p less than 0.05) and more often presented their arrhythmia earlier (within 2 months) after MI (23/37, 62%) than SMVT pts (28/79, 36%) (p less than 0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in mean left-ventricular ejection fraction between pts with VF (30 +/- 8%) and those with SMVT (35 +/- 12%) (p less than 0.05). Our data show that pts with VF after myocardial infarction have more severe left ventricular dysfunction and more extensive coronary disease and a somewhat higher risk of sudden death than pts with SMVT. PMID- 3213137 TI - [The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia following direct current ablation, high frequency current ablation and laser photo-ablation]. AB - Incidence and severity of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) following transvenous catheter ablation have so far not been fully elucidated. In the present study we evaluated the comparative incidence of postablation ventricular arrhythmias following high voltage-direct current electrical ablation (DCA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and laser-photoablation (LPA). Experiments were performed on a total of 26 anesthetized mongrel dogs (BW: 20-30 kg). DCA (n = 14; 150-200 J) and RFA (n = 7; 38.5-72.5 J) were performed unipolarly via a 6F USCI catheter, LPA (n = 5; 40-80 J) was delivered through a quarz core fiber (diameter 0.4 mm) housed within a special designed catheter. Energies were delivered to various sites of free wall and apical endocardium of the left ventricle. Immediately after DCA fast runs of ventricular tachycardia (VT) developed in 13 out of 14 dogs degenerating into ventricular fibrillation in two animals. Mean cycle length of induced VT was 298 +/- 86 ms. Persistent VA, morphologically mainly characterized by an accelerated idioventricular rhythm interrupted by runs of ventricular salvoes, occurred in 12 animals (mean rate: 78 +/- 13 VPB/min 3 h after ablation). During VT early endocardial activations were recorded from the ablation site. No significant correlation between total applied energy (150-550 J) and incidence of arrhythmogenic effects was observed. RFA and LPA induced ventricular salvoes and runs of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, in one animal ventricular fibrillation occurred during RFA; however, no persistent arrhythmic activity developed after RFA and LPA, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213138 TI - [Percutaneous balloon dilatation of membraneous subaortic stenosis in the adult]. AB - We report a successful balloon dilatation for discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis in a 26-year-old, highly symptomatic patient. The intraventricular peak gradient was reduced from 140 mm Hg to 40-45 mm Hg; there were no complications. Two months after the procedure, the patient was asymptomatic and the gradient unchanged. PMID- 3213139 TI - [Supravalvular pulmonary stenosis following anatomic correction of transposition of great vessels: report of a successful balloon dilatation]. AB - Primary anatomical repair of TGA has several theoretical advantages over conventional atrial baffle techniques. However, one of the most common postoperative complications of the new technique is the development of an obstruction at the arterial anastomosis to the pulmonary artery (PA). A supravalvular pulmonary stenosis developed progressively over the first months after an arterial switch operation of a simple TGA in a newborn infant. The diagnosis was easily performed by Doppler-echocardiographic follow-up studies. Hemodynamic assessment by cardiac catheterization performed when the patient was five months old revealed a systolic gradient of 76 mm Hg at the arterial anastomosis. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty was successfully performed. PMID- 3213140 TI - [Percutaneous intraluminal balloon dilatation of valvular pulmonary stenoses in infancy and childhood. Presentation of results with special reference to balloon size]. AB - 34 percutaneous balloon valvuloplasties (BVP), including four repeat procedures, were performed in 30 patients (aged 3 months to 19.4 years, mean 5.8 years) with congenital pulmonary valve stenosis. Out of six failures four were due to dysplastic thickened valves; in two children a significant part of obstruction was on the subvalvular level. After first BVP a significant reduction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) gradient (mean 58.8 +/- 13.2%) was achieved in 24 of 30 cases. The mean pre-BVP RVOT gradient of 67 +/- 24.4 mm Hg was reduced to 27.2 +/- 10.2 mm Hg. Of 24 patients, 14 had a residual RVOT gradient of 25 mm Hg or less. Of the 24 patients, nine were recatheterized 12 to 24 months later, and a further RVOT gradient reduction (33.4 +/- 9.9 mm Hg to 24.2 +/- 14.5 mm Hg) was observed. In four patients additional RVOT gradient reduction (37.3 +/- 11.6 mm Hg to 18.5 +/- 10.5 mm Hg) was achieved by repeat BVP. Balloon size exceeded valve annulus diameter by up to 58% (mean 22%). No definite correlation between balloon size related to pulmonary valve annulus diameter and magnitude of right ventricular systolic pressure reduction was observed. Even using a maximal balloon size of 158%, no significant complications were noted, not even pulmonary valve insufficiency. PMID- 3213141 TI - [Noninvasive registration of His bundle potentials with temporal and spatial averaging]. AB - On the body surface of ten people with healthy hearts, His bundle signals were measured using a high-resolution IBM-PC-controlled, 64-channel ECG unit. From these, body surface potential maps (BSPM) were recorded in the PQ-segment. Separation from the disturbance-causing atrium potentials was carried out using two methods: the difference method and the differentiation method. The His maps formed the basis for improvement of the measuring method of non-invasive, beat-to beat recording of the His bundle potentials. Different combinations and electrode placements for measurements of the His signal were tested using the beat-to-beat method. It was found that both unipolar, as well as bipolar measurements yield good results. Two of the unipolar and two of the bipolar electrode arrangements were included on our short list, one of which is particularly recommended for clinical application. In the case of unipolar measurements, the best combination is that with eight electrodes on the chest, whose sum-potential is measured using CTP as reference. The PQ-times and the HV intervals were stable in the ten healthy people tested, so that we were able to carry out time averaging in addition. For practical clinical purposes, we recommend the unipolar beat-to-beat measurement method for non-invasive His electrocardiography. The bipolar method only yields better results in the presence of weak His signals. PMID- 3213142 TI - [Supraventricular tachycardia: therapy with a variable antitachycardia stimulation program]. AB - Modern, microprocessor-controlled antitachycardia pacemakers are available with extended detection and termination programs for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias. Using the "InterTach 262-12" we examined a universal antitachycardia pacing mode in the chronic state. Based on the individual electrophysiologic parameters, a defined burst stimulation mode was used for the first intervention and, consecutively, a determined scanning mode. The InterTach device was implanted in 17 patients with a mean age of 50 +/- 15 years: 10 with AV-nodal reentrant tachycardia, 6 with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 1 with reentrant tachycardia with Mahaim fibers. The mean tachycardia rate was 178 +/- 23/min and the follow-up 10 +/- 4 months. Every 3 months the efficacy of the termination mode was tested by programmed stimulation in supine and upright body position or during physical activity. In these tests, a rate of 95-100% successful terminations was observed. In the chronic state, 26 persistent tachycardias in 11 patients were noted; 21 episodes could be referred to an insufficient tachycardia detection. Only four persistent tachycardias were due to ineffective antitachycardia pacing. The introduction of extended variable termination programs, including consecutive, flexible pacing modes, can be considered as a marked advancement in the antitachycardia pacemaker therapy for supraventricular tachycardias. PMID- 3213143 TI - [Dilatation of supravalvular pulmonary stenosis in transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring--the kissing-balloon technic]. AB - A successful dilatation of a supravalvular pulmonary stenosis after banding operation is described in a 19-year-old male. The dilatation was performed during transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring. Dilatation with a 15-mm and a 19-mm valvuloplasty catheter was not successful. Using the "kissing-balloon" technique with a 15 and 19 mm balloon together, the pressure gradient could be reduced from 59 mm Hg to 10 mm Hg (mean 41 and 8 mm Hg). Pulmonary artery diameter increased from 17 to 24 mm without intima damage or dissection. Thus pulmonary artery stenosis caused by banding operation can be dilated successfully. Monitoring during the procedure quickly demonstrates the changes in the dilated vessel. Angiography 6 months later showed slight restenosis of the dilated vessel with a maximum pressure gradient of 27 mm Hg (mean 17). PMID- 3213144 TI - [Ventricular tachyarrhythmia induced by low doses of sotalol: torsade de pointes or polymorphous ventricular tachycardia?]. AB - A case of QT prolongation and ventricular tachyarrhythmia in a 57-year-old patient treated with small therapeutic doses of sotalol is reported. There was no concomitant treatment prolonging the QT interval. Hypokalemia could be excluded. Before treatment an electrophysiological study was performed, and ventricular tachycardia could not be initiated. Coronary artery disease was excluded. QT prolongation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias induced by small therapeutic doses of sotalol in normokalemia may occur on rare occasions. It may be problematic to differentiate between torsade de pointes and polymorphous ventricular tachycardia when describing such a ventricular tachyarrhythmia. PMID- 3213145 TI - [Primary atrial heart tumors--a review of 21 cases]. AB - Between 1978 and 1986, atrial heart tumors were found in 21 of our patients, all of them subsequently underwent surgery. Pathological-histological examination in 20 patients confirmed the diagnosis of a myxoma; the one remaining case was a female patient with primary cardiogenic osteosarcoma. Of the 20 patients, 15 (75%) were females; in four female patients (20%) the tumor was localized in the right atrium. The main symptoms and findings were elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates (80%), stress-induced dyspnea or paroxysmal dyspnea (71% resp.), and diastolic mitral or tricuspid murmurs (62%). The patient with osteosarcoma died of cachexia on the basis of generalized diffuse metastases. One female patient with a preoperative history of severe left ventricular impairment on the basis of dilative cardiomyopathy died 5 weeks after surgery. Relapse of atrial myxoma has not yet occurred during follow-up since 1978. PMID- 3213146 TI - [Late results following Rastelli corrective operations in transposition of great vessels]. AB - From 1974 to 1985, 19 patients with transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valve stenosis or atresia underwent Rastelli correction. The mean age of the patients at operation was 9.7 years. Four patients died on the day of operation (early mortality: 21%). One patient died 7 years later due to dysrhythmias (overall mortality: 26%). Cardiac catheterization was performed on average 1.8 and 6.7 years after the operation. Gradients above 40 mm Hg were registered in 70% of the conduits, 6 years after the operation. Five patients underwent six reoperations for conduit stenosis. The actuarial survival rate was 75%; the event-free survival rate was only 20% after 12 years. PMID- 3213147 TI - [Electrophysiologic study in patients with syncope of unknown cause]. AB - Electrophysiologic studies were performed in 51 patients with syncopes of unexplained origin. 25 patients (49%) had organic heart disease. Electrophysiologic testing included determination of corrected sinus node recovery time, AV-nodal effective refractory period, AH- and HV-intervals, and AV nodal Wenckebach rate. During programmed right ventricular stimulation, 1-3 premature stimuli were used. 26 patients (53%) had an abnormal outcome that strongly suggested an arrhythmogenic cause of the reported syncopes. In ten patients (20%), corrected sinus node recovery time was prolonged; AV-nodal conduction disturbance was manifest in two patients (4%); reversibility with atropine was shown in one patient. Six patients (12%) had an infrahisian conduction delay with an HV-interval longer than 70 ms. Eight patients (15.6%) had either symptomatic ventricular tachycardias (n = 4), AV-nodal reentry tachycardias (n = 2), or inducible symptomatic rapid atrial fibrillation (n = 2). In one additional patient, ventricular tachycardias could not be reinitiated after ending tricyclic antidepressant drug medication. The diagnostic yield of the electrophysiologic study was not influenced by the presence of organic heart disease. Patients with prolonged corrected sinus node recovery time, prolonged HV interval, and irreversible AV-conduction delay underwent pacemaker implantation (n = 17). Patients with rapid response to programmed stimulation received antiarrhythmic medication, the efficacy of which was assessed by serial electrophysiologic testing until non-inducibility was obtained. The mean follow up period was 11 months (1-31 months). Overall 2-year mortality was 17%. In 4/5 patients, death was unrelated to the cause of syncope.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213148 TI - [Painless aortic dissection: the problem of early diagnosis. A case report]. AB - Painless aortic dissections occur very rarely, the absence of the important cardinal symptom "pain" may cause a delayed establishment of diagnosis. As early operation improves prognosis, this delay may have harmful consequences for the patient. The case reported presented initially only with neurological symptoms and later with blood pressure instabilities. Nevertheless, the diagnosis has been established within 48 h, but the patient did not survive operative emergency treatment. PMID- 3213149 TI - [Bioequivalence of verapamil-ratiopharm 80 mg tablets: is control of cheaper generic drugs superfluous?]. PMID- 3213150 TI - [ACE-inhibition. Significance in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure]. PMID- 3213151 TI - [Hyponatremia in heart failure]. PMID- 3213152 TI - [Progress in the treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3213153 TI - [Pathobiochemistry of endocrine diseases and analysis of hormones of the feto placental system]. PMID- 3213154 TI - [Applicability of the ion-sensitive DDA+ electrode for measurement of rapid changes in transmembrane electric potentials]. PMID- 3213155 TI - [Comparison of fructosamine tests and aminophenylboronic acid affinity chromatography for measurement of the concentration of nonenzymatic glycosylated serum proteins]. PMID- 3213156 TI - [Possibilities of assessment of Glucosignal in patient self-monitoring diagnosis. 1. Visual assessment]. PMID- 3213157 TI - [Rational utilization of the urine multi-test strips hepta-PHAN (Lachema, CSSR)]. PMID- 3213158 TI - [A system for checking on the reliability of open internal quality control]. PMID- 3213159 TI - [A microprocedure for the determination of triglycerides in serum using the Spekol 220 photometer]. PMID- 3213160 TI - [Hallux varus congenitus in polydactyly patients]. AB - The authors report on experience gained in the surgical treatment of eight patients with congenital hallux varus associated with polydactyly of the big toe. Aside from a description of the "radiological anatomy", the paper focuses in particular on the intraoperative soft tissue findings. In addition to the supernumerary bone structures, muscle and tendon anomalies were found in all the patients. In four patients the cause of the varus malposition was found to be fibrous stands extending from the rudimentary big toe to the tarsus. In five patients the abductor hallucis muscle was found to be shortened. An analysis of the surgical results shows that these soft tissue changes must be taken into account during surgery. In addition to complete removal of the polydactylic supernumerary, fibrous strands must be resected and shortened muscles severed or elongated. In many cases, operations on the basal joint capsule and plastic surgery are also necessary. PMID- 3213161 TI - [Growth disorders of the para-articular end of the femur following surgical treatment of pediatric femoral fractures]. AB - In pediatric traumatology, conservative treatment takes precedence over surgery. Since the skeleton is capable of spontaneous correction even after malpositioning, surgical intervention to treat fractures is only justified within very narrowly defined limits. Where osteosynthesis material is used, not only the vascular supply, but also the development and functionality of growth joints must be taken into account. Medullary nailing, which may certainly be indicated to treat fractured femurs in adults, is generally not indicated in children. PMID- 3213162 TI - [Long-term results of acetabuloplasty]. AB - The results of a modified acetabuloplasty after Albee-Lance performed simultaneously with a derotation-varusosteotomy (DVO) are investigated after cessation of growth. Measurements of the acetabulum have been normal or slightly pathologic after our classification system in 82-93%, while the values of the femoral head and neck showed a higher pathologic percentage. This is due to avascular necrosis after conservative or operative treatment, insufficient open reductions in a smaller number, but in the most cases caused by increased revalgisation after DVO. We have therefore performed acetabuloplasty since several years without DVO in the most cases, so far with good results. PMID- 3213163 TI - [Results of hand surgery operations in spastic-athetotic paresis]. AB - Between 1974 and 1986 a total of 123 patients with a spastic or spastic athetotic paresis of the upper limb underwent surgery. The interval between surgery and follow-up examination was between one and 13 years. There were 73 cases of hemiparesis and 50 dipareses or tetrapareses due to perinatal cerebral paresis and 35 cases due to a variety of causes. The patients were aged between 6 and 58 years, the majority between 8 and 28 years. All contractures in the arm and hand region were treated at a single sitting. The sole exception to this was surgery for swan-neck deformity of the long fingers. In none of the cases was a wrist arthrodesis indicated. As regards the elimination of the previously existing malpositions, some of which were severe, and the cosmetic outcome, the results were good in all cases. The postoperative reduction was also preserved through the subsequent years, until completion of growth. Also, the difference in growth between flexors and extensors had no detectable negative influence on the long term results of surgery. Only in a few isolated cases was limited revisional surgery necessary to improve the result as regards extension in the elbow joint and the posture of the wrist joint, which it had not been possible to treat satisfactorily at the first sitting. Two patients with a pronounced athetotic component manifested unsatisfactory results in several respects, or overcorrection of extension in the wrist joint: special caution is called for here. As far as necessary, corresponding corrective surgery was performed simultaneously on the lower limbs. PMID- 3213164 TI - [Examination of the knee joint. The value of clinical findings in arthroscopic control]. AB - Purely clinical examination of the knee joint can, at best, only be regarded as a "screening procedure". Diagnosis with the aid of apparatus (sonography, arthrography, CT, NMR) produces better results. However, arthroscopy performed by an experienced examiner confirms the diagnosis in cases of suspected meniscus injury or isolated lesions of the cruciate ligaments and leads to early and therefore optimal therapy. In a retrospective study 300 arthroscopies performed in 1985 were selected and evaluated. In 1986/87, a further 300 patients were clinically examined prospectively, according to the same criteria, and findings were compared with the arthroscopy performed the following day. Clinically, in 287 patients with multiple diagnoses, internal meniscus lesions were diagnosed in 162 cases (54%), external meniscus lesions in 38 (13%), chondropathia patellae in 54 (18%), and old ruptures of the cruciate ligaments in 46 (15%). In 13 patients no diagnosis could be established. Arthroscopically, pathology of the internal meniscus was found in 98 (33%) of the 300 patients, of the external meniscus in 40 (13%), cartilage damage in 103 (34%), old cruciate ligament ruptures in 51 (17%), and recent anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in 156 (52%); in 40 cases findings were normal. At 78%, the highest positive predictive value (proportion of tentative clinical diagnoses confirmed by arthroscopy) was found in cases of old ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament, followed by external meniscus lesions (61%) and internal meniscus lesions (55%); i.e., only 55 out of 100 clinically suspected internal meniscus lesions are diagnosed by arthroscopy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213165 TI - [Treatment of necrosis of the femur condyle with a medial gliding knee prosthesis]. AB - Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the femoral condyles occurs rather seldom particularly in elderly patients. Whereas some authors recommend valgusosteotomy and bone drilling, implantation of a unilateral knee prosthesis should be performed in the presence of large defects. It is reported a series of 11 patients suffering from osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle. All patients were treated by a unilateral knee prosthesis with good results except one case. The filling of the defect with cancellous bone prior to the implantation of the condylar part of the prosthesis is mandatory. PMID- 3213167 TI - [Corrective osteotomy of the shaft of the femur and tibia with an interlocking nail]. AB - The indication for nailing a femur or tibia fracture has been extended by the method of interlocking up to the meta/diaphyseal zone. For the stabilization of osteotomies in these regions, the nail was used in 16 cases of femur and 21 of tibia corrections between 1982 and 1986 in orthopedic university clinic Berlin. The osteotomies were done with a small skin incision in open way. Although there were three infections bone consolidation was succeeded in all but one patient with the planned axis. The first achieved gain in length could not be hold in five cases after removing the interlocking screws in order to give full weight bearing to the leg for callus formation. In situations of non-unions with wrong position of refracture of biologically troubled bones after plating the method of interlocking nail is stable and enables bone recovery after grafting by drilling. The possibility of early full weight bearing is a great advantage for the rehabilitation of patients, who had been suffering of the delayed healing of their leg. The nail itself preserves the right position of the bone in two dimensions, even if there are not exact fitting osteotomy fragments, and the interlocking screws secure the bone against malrotation. PMID- 3213166 TI - [Replacement of the hip joint in young patients under 40 years of age. Clinico statistical report of experiences]. AB - At Orthopedic Department of Homburg/Saar University Clinic there were - between 1974 and 1985 - altogether 270 cementless total hip replacements by AUTOPHOR arthroplasty in 243 patients, who were 40 years of age and younger at time of operation. The male patients mostly suffered from posttraumatic joint destructions or idiopathic femoral head necrosis, the female patients from dysplasia coxarthritis. In 43.3% there were previous hip operations in the past. 6 septic failures (5 times removal of prosthesis); 33 (12.2%) aseptic failures, mostly of the femoral component with following exchange operation. Clinical and roentgenological control of 170 cases (septic and aseptic failures excluded). Subjectively good and very good results in 82.3%. Evaluation of clinical datas acc. to the scheme of Merle d'Aubigne. Improvement of preoperative situation (5.4 points average) to 14.7 points average postoperatively. In most of the patients, a professional and social integration could be achieved; only 28 patients received a pension. With regards to the functional inferior alternatives of resection hip rsp. hip arthrodesis, THR by cementless prostheses in young patients with severe joint destructions seems to be justifiable and recommendable - according to our medium-term results. PMID- 3213168 TI - [Significance of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography for the diagnosis of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine]. AB - The authors report on the diagnosis value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diseases of the lumbar spine, assessed on the basis of 960 cases treated at Dusseldorf University Orthopedic clinic since 1982. Diseases can be differentiated by changes in shape (vertebral collapse due to tumors, spondylitides, disk prolapse etc.) as well as by structural and pathomorphologic changes (disk degeneration, upper plate reactions etc.). Seventy-four patients were examined for upper plate reactions, which were detected in particular with the partial saturation and the short-time inversion recovery sequences. On the basis of prospective studies the authors comment on the value of MRI as compared to computerized tomography for diagnosing disk prolapses and disk sequestra. It can be shown that the sensitivity and specificity of MRI are very good. PMID- 3213169 TI - [Trends and results of treatment of spinal fractures]. AB - As long as simple and efficient operative techniques for stabilizing of injured segments of the vertebral column were missing naturally conservative methods dominated. The fixateur interne and the transpedicular spongiosa bone graft, however, provide operative techniques of high efficiency and technical simplicity, which make a revision of old indicational rules- operation versus conservative treatment - necessary. The example of a stable spine fracture points out that the calculated final result has to be clearly better if risk and effort of an operation should be advantageous for the patient. Both methods show a big difference concerning the space of time. Early functional treatment provides a short period of hospitalization as well as quick mobilization and rehabilitation, whereas operative management is more time consuming in every respect. Beside the operational stress, however, the time factor becomes the most important aspect for the patient. Therefore despite improved operative techniques the rate of stabile spine fractures in which operation is recommended and indicated will remain fairly limited. A different situation, however, we find in unstable fractures of the vertebral column. In this case conservative treatment mostly has no advantage except the avoided risk of an operation. Operative management is time-saving and provides better results. For that reason widening of indication for operative management especially in unstable fractures of spine seems favourable. PMID- 3213170 TI - [Indications and results of knee endoprostheses without an axis]. AB - An analysis of 93 unconstrained totalcondylar knee prostheses showed good to excellent results. There was no significant difference between cemented and uncemented knee replacement. The advantages of unlinked totalcondylar knees are: -the minor bone resection, which enables a sure fixation of a new prosthesis or an arthrodesis in case of loosening, --the stabilisation by the natural ligaments leading to a reduced force transmission in comparison to linked prostheses. If knee replacement is necessary the total condylar surface replacement should be the knee endoprosthesis of first choice. PMID- 3213171 TI - [Systems organization of the higher sections of the auditory analyzer]. PMID- 3213172 TI - [3 votes for care: "Swedish nursing effective in breaking down hierarchy that will be even better"]. PMID- 3213174 TI - [Questionnaire puts the right patient in the right place]. PMID- 3213173 TI - [Health inspection]. PMID- 3213175 TI - [Psychological factors influence pain in childbirth. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 3213176 TI - [Son's birth motivated Gerd to doctor's study]. PMID- 3213177 TI - [Physicians protest in vain--Gundla remains head]. PMID- 3213178 TI - [On the scene: Bruce Springsteen. Hakan takes charge in the nursing tent]. PMID- 3213180 TI - [Inga, social democrat in Norbotten: more research will provide better nursing care. Interview by Kaj Nyman]. PMID- 3213179 TI - [Summer report from the big city--long holidays only a dream]. PMID- 3213181 TI - [Mats, a moderate in Kronoberg: break the official monopoly in care!. Interview by Kaj Nyman]. PMID- 3213182 TI - [More professional school visits]. PMID- 3213183 TI - [The new patients' rooms]. PMID- 3213184 TI - [Personnel concentration--a theme in political debate. Interview by Monika Trozell]. PMID- 3213185 TI - [Summer report about the holidays--outdoor living entices substitutes to Visby. Interview by Monika Trozell]. PMID- 3213186 TI - [Birgitta Svensson: "Neither fair nor democratic"]. PMID- 3213187 TI - [A sidewalk in Calcutta puts Carina to the test. Interview by Staffan Wolters]. PMID- 3213189 TI - [New insurance covers all SHSTF members]. PMID- 3213188 TI - [Health care center. Now Agneta opens her own!. Interview by Monika Trozell]. PMID- 3213190 TI - [Histo-Center in Goteborg. Job satisfaction and pride in work in own laboratory]. PMID- 3213192 TI - [Preoperative radiation therapy in the treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 3213191 TI - [Results of various methods of combined treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung]. PMID- 3213193 TI - [Surgical and combined treatment of patients with cancer of the lower thoracic portion of the esophagus and proximal parts of the stomach with metastasis to the esophagus]. PMID- 3213194 TI - [Ways of improving the methods of preoperative irradiation of patients with cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 3213195 TI - [Our experience with the combined treatment of cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 3213196 TI - [Methodological aspects of the combined treatment of malignant tumors]. PMID- 3213197 TI - [Results and prospects of the combined and complex treatment of cancer of the bladder]. PMID- 3213198 TI - [Current prospects and possibilities of the combined and complex treatment of tumors of the bladder]. PMID- 3213199 TI - [Use of thermoradiotherapy in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus]. PMID- 3213200 TI - [Enzymes as the markers of differentiation of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 3213201 TI - [Experience using automated medical history records in a cardiosurgical clinic]. PMID- 3213202 TI - [Prerequisites for the development of medical informatics]. PMID- 3213203 TI - [Combined treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 3213204 TI - [A trial of and prospects for the use of computerized television analyzers for the quantitative microscopy of normal and pathological brain tissue]. PMID- 3213205 TI - [Scientific and technical progress and medical matters]. PMID- 3213206 TI - [The theory of optimal radiation treatment of tumors]. PMID- 3213207 TI - [The use of computers for optimizing the radiation treatment of patients with malignant tumors using Soviet radiotherapy apparatus]. PMID- 3213208 TI - [Automated programmable apparatus complexes in clinico-physiological research on the human brain]. PMID- 3213209 TI - [Prospects for using numerical methods in research in traumatology and orthopedics]. PMID- 3213211 TI - [Dynamics of immunologic indices in patients with atopic dermatitis during treatment]. PMID- 3213210 TI - [Characteristics of the electrokinetic mobility of the cell nuclei of the buccal epithelium in psoriasis]. PMID- 3213213 TI - [Indices of bioelement metabolism in patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 3213212 TI - [Allergic mechanisms of skin damage in chronic urticaria and Quincke's edema]. PMID- 3213214 TI - [Differences in blood cholinesterase activity as a possible differential diagnostic criterion of eczema, atopic dermatosis and allergic eczema-like dermatitis]. PMID- 3213215 TI - [Clinical characteristics and treatment of chronic gonorrheal-chlamydial ureaplasmal infection in men]. PMID- 3213217 TI - [The prospective tasks of dermatovenereology]. PMID- 3213216 TI - [Prevalence of chlamydial and ureaplasmal infections among women of child-bearing age with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs]. PMID- 3213219 TI - [The combined treatment of patients with infectious forms of syphilis]. PMID- 3213218 TI - [Improved treatment of patients with recurrent secondary syphilis]. PMID- 3213220 TI - [Hand-Schuller-Christian disease (a variant of histiocytosis X) in a child]. PMID- 3213221 TI - [Letterer-Siwe disease]. PMID- 3213222 TI - [Contact dermatitis developing after the use of Gold Star balsam]. PMID- 3213223 TI - [A case of actinic reticuloid]. PMID- 3213224 TI - [Synacthen depot in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis]. PMID- 3213225 TI - [A case of recurrent secondary syphilis with a negative standard serologic test]. PMID- 3213227 TI - [Histochemical study of the nervous system of trematode cercariae]. PMID- 3213226 TI - [Pathological and clinical features of malignant thyroid tumors: classification, immunohistology, prognostic criteria]. AB - In a retrospective analysis of 433 surgical specimens of malignant thyroid tumours, the prognostic efficiency of different morphological methods (conventional light microscopy, immunohistology, cytophotometric and flow cytometric DNA-estimations) was demonstrated. The clinical behaviour of the different forms of thyroid malignancy was predominantly determined by the histological type of neoplasia. High global values of significance were obtained when comparing the prognoses of follicular, papillary, medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas as classified by the WHO. Their respective estimated survival curves are shown in Figure 37. As compared with the remaining thyroid carcinomas, papillary neoplasm altogether showed the significantly best long-term prognosis (p less than 0.001). Almost identical survival rates were recorded for patients with follicular and medullary carcinomas, which lay intermediate between the more favourable papillary and the in all cases fatal anaplastic tumours. Differences between these groups each time proved to be statistically significant (p less than 0.001). In addition, large differences also existed regarding the mode of tumour propagation for these carcinomas: papillary tumours usually showed lymphatic metastases while follicular carcinomas showed haematogenous spread. In contrast to the other types of carcinomas, medullary tumours frequently exhibited a prolonged clinical course. In the latter case, local recurrences were the most frequent cause of death, while patients with follicular carcinomas primarily died of distant blood-borne metastases. For the differentiated thyroid carcinomas the estimation of prognosis was improved by sub-typing the neoplasias according to their mode of growth. Encapsulated and occult papillary carcinomas and the majority of encapsulated follicular carcinomas showed an excellent biological behaviour. They should not be confused with the respective widely invasive tumours of follicular and papillary type and accordingly less aggressive surgical treatment should be employed. In addition, presence of oxyphilic cytodifferentiation was prognostically relevant among follicular and papillary carcinomas. The worse survival rate for such tumours could partly be explained by the lack of radioiodine uptake, this being caused by special ultrastructural features typical for these tumours. In contrast, the evidence of clear-cell differentiation was rather of differential diagnostic (in typing of metastatic renal cell carcinomas) than of prognostic value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3213228 TI - [The amino acid composition of a highly purified fraction of adhesin from bovine serum and its action on the proliferation of mammalian cells in vitro]. PMID- 3213229 TI - Arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in meat, livers and kidneys of sheep slaughtered in The Netherlands. AB - The results obtained between 1981 and 1986 in a Dutch monitoring programme investigating the presence of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in meat, livers and kidneys of sheep are presented. For the meat, livers and kidneys, the median values were 0.001, 0.003, and 0.007 mg/kg (fresh weight) for arsenic; 0.003, 0.054, and 0.098 mg/kg for cadmium; 0.04, 0.85, and 0.36 mg/kg for lead; and 0.001, 0.002, and 0.007 mg/kg for mercury. During the reported period, no clear trends were observed. The results are compared with the data from other countries. The mercury and arsenic concentrations in meat and organs may be regarded as low, but the levels of lead in livers are relatively high. The lead concentrations in livers showed seasonal fluctuations, the highest concentrations usually being found during the winter. Significant linear relationships were found between the concentrations in livers and kidneys for arsenic, cadmium and mercury. Tissue trace element levels were not related to the age of the investigated animals. PMID- 3213230 TI - Comparative investigations of partial amino acid sequences of prolamins and glutelins from cereals. VIII. Amino acid sequences of glutelin peptides. AB - The peptide fractions isolated from chymotryptic hydrolysates of wheat, rye and barley glutelins were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on octadecyl silica gel. The peptides obtained were analysed for their amino acid composition and some also for their amino acid sequence. Characteristic sequences of peptides from wheat glutelin can be grouped into three types. The first type contains a high amount of Gly and frequently Tyr in the N-terminal positions. A typical partial sequence, which occurs repeated in two peptides, is QGQQPGQGQ. Sequences of this type are found in high-molecular-weight subunits. The second type is characterized by the sequence SQn (n = 3-5) followed by a hydrophobic tripeptide e.g., PPF, PVL; the most frequent sequence is SQQQQPPF. Low-molecular weight subunits contain sequences of this type. The third type, which has partial sequences such as QQPQQPFP, corresponds to typical peptides from prolamin. Most sequences of peptides from rye and barley glutelins can be divided into two groups. The predominant type shows prolamin-like sequences, e.g., PQQPXPQQ with X being F or I. The second type is similar to glycine-rich peptides from wheat glutelin, except that repeating sequences are less frequent. PMID- 3213231 TI - Multivariate data analysis of sea waters and mussels in relation to pollution sources of trace elements. AB - The total concentration of Cu, Zn and Pb in surface sea waters from the Bay of Muggia (Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea) was determined by anodic stripping voltammetry. The association of these trace elements in relation to the known sources of pollution was discussed. The content of eight trace elements (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb) in the soft part of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck) is also considered. The wild molluscs were sampled in the harbour of Trieste, in the proximity of an important city sewer. Principal component analysis was used to analyse the correlation matrix obtained from an 8 x 43 data matrix after a logarithmic transformation of the concentration variables. Eight variables were reduced to four principal components, which explained 80% of the total variance. The orthogonally rotated factor matrix shows that Co, Ni, Cd, and Pb are associated with the first principal component, Cu and Zn to the second, Hg to the third and Mn to the fourth principal component. The results of this multivariate data analysis are compared with those already obtained from two sampling sites in the Bay of Muggia and the origin of some trace metals in the soft part of mussels from the Gulf of Trieste is discussed. PMID- 3213232 TI - Sex differentials in Swiss cancer mortality. AB - Swiss national cancer mortality statistics from 1951 to 1984 and survival rates from the Vaud Cancer Registry datafile over the period 1974-1980 were considered in terms of sex ratios. Overall age-standardized cancer mortality for population aged 35-64 showed only a moderate decline in males (from 230 to 221/100,000), but a substantial one in females (from 191 to 152/100,000). Mortality from most cancer sites (except gallbladder and thyroid) was persistently higher in males, the male/female ratio ranging between 1.2 for intestines, skin, brain and lympho reticular neoplasms to about 2 for stomach or pancreas, up to 7-10 for lung and cancers related to tobacco and alcohol (mouth or pharynx, oesophagus). The sex ratio for lung cancer increased between the early 1950's and the mid 1960's, but noticeably declined thereafter, probably reflecting trends in smoking prevalence among subsequent generations of Swiss males and females. Less obvious is the substantial increase in the sex ratio for liver cancer (from 1.6 to 5.7), which was evident in younger middle age, too. Population-based cancer survival statistics indicated that for most common sites rates were appreciably higher in females than in males. Thus, better survival explains part of the advantage in cancer mortality for women. This can be related to earlier diagnosis, better compliance or responsiveness to treatment, although there is no obvious single interpretation for this generalized more favourable pattern in females. PMID- 3213233 TI - [Reproductive mortality in Switzerland between 1952 and 1982]. AB - Reproductive mortality includes mortality attributable to pregnancy and childbirth and its sequelae, termination of pregnancy and contraception. The latter is mainly due to an increase of cardiovascular diseases in oral contraceptive users. An estimate of reproductive mortality in Switzerland is based on available figures on cardiovascular mortality, smoking and use of oral contraceptives. The reproductive mortality has been steadily declining since 1952 in the age group of 15-34, a stagnation of this risk can be observed for women over 35 since 1962. Theoretically this stagnation might be due to the use of oral contraceptives and an increase in smoking. PMID- 3213234 TI - [Coronary risk factors and their relation to psychosocial factors in females with myocardial infarct]. AB - 237 female patients aged 31-76 years with documented first myocardial infarction were examined on an average of 3 month after the acute event. Risk factors of coronary heart disease, sociobiological and psychosocial variables were assessed via standardized questionnaire. Risk factors were correlated with social characteristics, somatic and psychosocial variables. RESULTS: 1. Hyperlipoproteinemia is correlated with risk factors of nutrition (hypercholesterinemia resp. hypertriglyceridemia, obesity). 2. The analysis of smoking habits reveals a positive correlation with social characteristics (e.g. professional status) and also with the amount of experienced stress. 3. The use of oral contraceptives corresponded with young age of fertile women and also with professional status. Furthermore a correlation with a positive working attitude and smoking behavior was found. PMID- 3213235 TI - [Impact of hormonal prevention on fractures of the proximal femur in postmenopausal women: a simulation study]. AB - A simulation model of the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on hip fractures and their consequences is based on a population of 100,000 post menopausal women. This cohort is confronted with literature derived probabilities of cancers (endometrium or breast, which are contra-indications to HRT), hip fracture, disability requiring nursing home or home care, and death. Administration of HRT for life prevents 55.5% of hip fractures, 22.6% of years with home care and 4.4% of years in nursing homes. If HRT is administered for 15 years, these results are 15.5%, 10% and 2.2%, respectively. A slight gain in life expectancy is observed for both durations of HRT. The net financial loss in the simulated population is 222 million Swiss Francs (cost/benefit ratio 1.25) for lifelong administration of HRT, and 153 million Swiss Francs (cost/benefit ratio 1.42) if HRT is administered during 15 years. PMID- 3213236 TI - [Sex- or symptom-specific behavior of male residents? An analysis of diagnosis and therapy of ambulatory female and male patients with abdominal pain]. AB - We investigated the influence of the patient's gender for diagnostic and therapeutic approach of physicians at the outpatient clinic of the university hospital of Basle. In a prospective study 13 male residents in their second and third year of medical training were observed in their management of 25 female and 25 male patients presenting with the leading complaint of abdominal pain with regard to taking of the medical history, the physical examination and the performed diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, without informing the participating physicians. The time spent for the first consultation and the number of follow ups performed were registered. Following differences in the management of female and male patients were observed: The time spent at the first consultation was 59 +/- 5 minutes in female and 45 +/- 3.5 in male patients (p less than 0.03). Fundoscopic examination was three times more often performed in female patients. Endoscopic examinations were more often observed in male patients (p less than 0.01). Antacids and H2-antagonists were more frequently prescribed in male (p less than 0.01). Spasmolytics and laxatives more frequently in female (p less than 0.01). In summary in male patients the diagnosis of functional disease was predominantly made after exclusion of an organic disease what does explain the use of more diagnostic procedures and the induction of a more specific therapy. PMID- 3213237 TI - [Are females healthier than males? On the health status of females in West Germany]. AB - Women live longer than men - are they healthier than men or do they live better than men? Morbidity data indicate that men and women differ regarding the types of illnesses they undergo. The life-expectancy for females is not the only indicator for a better or healthier life. Women feel more affected by health problems than man (indicators a.o.: complaints, handicaps to daily activities, use of medication). Objective morbidity data are insufficient but indicate significant disease occurrence in women (indicators a.o.: contacts with the physicians, self-reported history of diseases). Based on epidemiological studies the hypotheses of biological protective factors have not been proved or refuted. Women have a lower CVD-risk factor profile than men. Cluster analyses of the first Bremen health survey separated women into four groups related to health behaviour and risk status. The group with the highest risk factor prevalence had also the most social and family stress. For further research about women we have to work on epidemiological data as well as on qualitative and theoretical research on women and health. PMID- 3213238 TI - [Prevention, females and physicians: the example of self-examination of the breast]. AB - A population survey devoted to the self examination of breast (SEB) in the Canton Vaud provided some insights regarding the attitude of women toward prevention and medicine. Unpublished data related to this survey are presented, regarding the embarassment experienced by the patients, the attitude toward prevention and SEB. The specific role of SEB is commented as a tool for secondary prevention and as an autonomous attitude of the patient. A comparison is done with the prevention of the cancer of testis and the peculiar place of the female body in medicine is emphasized. The conclusion stresses the importance of subjective attitude of patients, physicians or researchers in areas related to sexuality. PMID- 3213239 TI - [Scientific seminar of the Swiss Society of Social and Preventive Medicine. June, 1988. Proceedings and abstracts]. PMID- 3213240 TI - [Cervix smear: study prevalence in city dwellers in the climacteric]. AB - Prevalence of pap smear test has been investigated among a sample of urban women 45 to 54 years of age without hysterectomy (n = 3096). Prevalence of pap smear test for the last three years was 19% among women without gynaecological operation and 10% among women with a gynaecological operation (excepted hysterectomy). A multivariate analysis has shown that: 1. The lack of pap smear test was relatively high among nulliparous women as well as in multiparous women (greater than = 3 children). 2. This prevalence was high, on the one hand among overweight women and women with particular lifestyle (high alcohol and caffeine consumption, low calcium intake), on the other hand among women having adopted a good lifestyle (no use of birth control pills or hormonal therapy, no alcohol or caffeine consumption, diet without meat). PMID- 3213242 TI - [What is the impact of divorce upon health management methods within the family?]. AB - The studies which cover relationships between life events and health do not question sufficiently about their meaning, depending on the circumstances in which they occur. This paper takes divorce as an example to demonstrate that it is not possible to attribute to this event a general meaning, equally good for all families. As a matter of fact, divorce involves a reorganization, which either takes place in the prolongation of the previous family way of life, or in discontinuance with it. According to the situations, it can then be accompanied with no change in health taking care or, on the contrary, followed by a general reorganization of the usual practices and representations in relation with health. PMID- 3213241 TI - [Prognostic factors in survival after cancer: epidemiological model]. AB - Quality of care assessment is one of the principal issues considered when studying the survival of cancer patients. Survival rates based on hospital series ("clinical survival") essentially aim at evaluating the impact of therapy, taking into account the stage of the tumor. When, on the other hand, survival rates refer to a demographically defined population ("epidemiologic survival") they depend not only on quality of therapy but also on differentials in access to health services which in turn condition partly the stage at time of diagnosis and therapy selection. Since these patterns of access can vary according to socio cultural characteristics, the epidemiologist is tempted to focus the prognostic analysis of survival on these characteristics. In a cancer registry setting, clinical indicators (stage of the lesions, type of health care institution and therapy) must not be neglected. Rather, these must be analyzed both as co-factors of survival and as phenomena to be explained in their own right. Issues relating to this topic are discussed using the example of breast cancer in Geneva. PMID- 3213244 TI - Has vesicostomy a role in the neuropathic bladder? AB - This retrospective study aims to assess the efficacy of vesicostomy in the management of deteriorating upper renal tracts in patients with neuropathic bladders for whom intermittent self catheterization is not a clinical option. Between 1980-1987 vesicostomy was performed in 16 such patients (11 female, 5 male). Eleven had myelomeningocoele, 4 sacral anomalies and one cerebral palsy with scoliosis. All patients had urinary tract infections and deteriorating hydronephrosis and hydroureter (IVP, U/S); associated reflux in 13, impaired GFR in 4 and abnormal biochemistry in 8. The mean age at surgery was 3.3 years (8 mths. to 9 years). In all cases deterioration was arrested by vesicostomy. Fifteen patients showed structural or functional improvement and one stabilized. Late closure of the vesicostomy in two cases resulted in disimprovement of biochemical and radiological parameters. Acceptance of the vesicostomies was good. We advocate vesicostomy as an effective drainage procedure to preserve function in patients with neuropathic bladders and deteriorating renal tracts, in whom intermittent self catheterization is not a realistic alternative. PMID- 3213243 TI - [Lung function and symptoms in employees of poultry farms]. AB - Environmental measurements were made in different types of poultry confinement buildings. Levels of total dust 1.6 meters above the ground averaged 5.0 mg/m3. Ammonia levels averaged about 13 ppm with peak values of about 50 ppm. To study possible respiratory problems of the people working in these confinement buildings, the ventilatory lung function was measured and an interrogation concerning respiratory symptoms was carried out by 26 (7 females, 19 males) poultry farmers. A very high prevalence (10 of 26) of obstructive ventilatory lung function changes was found. The FEV1 values of the exposed men were significantly lower than the predicted normal values (ECCS). An association between duration of exposure and pulmonary function exists. PMID- 3213245 TI - Upper extremity dysfunction in children with myelomeningocele. AB - A retrospective chart review of 138 subjects with myelomeningocele was performed to determine factors affecting upper extremity function in this population. Upper extremity dysfunction was found in 62 subjects (46.6%). A relationship was found between upper extremity dysfunction and hydrocephalus. Subjects with hydrocephalus had a significantly greater incidence of upper extremity dysfunction than subjects without hydrocephalus. No significant relationship was found between surgically treated versus spontaneously arrested hydrocephalus or number of shunt revisions and upper extremity dysfunction. A relationship was found between level of lesion of the spinal cord and upper extremity dysfunction. High level lesions had a significantly higher incidence of upper extremity dysfunction. Of 62 patients with upper extremity dysfunction only 3 (3.2%) had normal development. This was statistically significant. Little attention has been given to general developmental status in myelomeningocele children with upper extremity dysfunction. This study suggests a strong correlation between these two variables. In conclusion, hydrocephalus, level of spinal cord lesion, and developmental status, appear to be significant factors affecting upper extremity dysfunction in children with myelomeningocele. PMID- 3213246 TI - Experience with antisyphon devices: successes and complications. AB - Results of the use of antisyphon devices in 30 children are presented. Maintenance of a degree of ventricular dilatation was achieved in all 7 out of 10 cases when the device was implanted at the primary procedure and there was follow up evidence of ventricular size. Sixteen of 20 children in whom the device was implanted for the slit ventricle syndrome became symptom free. However, seldom in this group did the ventricular system re-expand. Complications in each group are discussed. PMID- 3213247 TI - Impaired mental capabilities and hand function in myelomeningocele patients. AB - Hand function and intelligence were evaluated in 82 spina bifida cystica patients, aged 9 to 20 years. The patients required significantly more time to complete hand function tests and had significantly lower IQs than the test standardization populations. Inverse relationships were found between hand function times and IQ scores; patients with lower IQs (especially those with IQ scores less than 80) took significantly longer to complete the hand function tests. Patients with three or more shunt operations for correction of hydrocephalus required more time to complete the hand function tests and had lower IQs than patients with no shunt operations. Patients with higher level spinal cord deficits (particularly those with thoracic level lesions) required more time to complete the hand functions tests and had significantly lower IQ scores than patients with lower level lesions. PMID- 3213249 TI - Treatment of faecal incontinence in children with spina bifida by biofeedback and behavioural modification. AB - Faecal incontinence may lead to serious social and physiological disturbances. Over 90% of patients with spina bifida have varying degrees of neurogenic bowel with disturbances of faecal control. This is a serious habilitation problem in these patients. Three encopretic children with myelomeningocele were treated by Biofeedback operant conditioning and behavioural modification to self-initiate bowel movements. Their neurological levels were T-10; T-11; T-12. Each child had a mean of 10 Biofeedback sessions each of 30-45 minutes, combined with daily behavioural modification. Two patients improved and have voluntary bowel movements. Therapy failed in one patient. We conclude that Biofeedback operant conditioning combined with specific behavioural modification may become a simple technique to treat encopretic patients with meningomyelocele. PMID- 3213248 TI - Orthotic compensation for non-functioning hip extensors. AB - Three point fixation to stabilise joints using a rigid orthosis is relatively simple. When movement is required in a single plane, a hinge can be incorporated preventing superfluous movement and consequent loss of stability and function. Alternatively the Reciprocating Gait Orthosis (RGO) which utilises a system of Bowden cables with a HKAFO to provide reciprocal flexion and extension forces at the hip joint may be used. Free standing is achieved in the RGO by trunk and arm movements, the cable tension effectively "locking" the hips in neutral. Force transfer through the cables also produces reciprocal gait. The upper limbs acting through external supports provide the initiating force, producing truncal extension and subsequent hip extension of the stance leg. The resulting flexion of the swing leg produces a forward step. Currently 40 patients have been fitted with the orthosis in Salford, of whom 22 are Spina Bifida patients (aged 3-34 years). Most have Thoraco-lumbar or upper Lumbar lesions. The device has performed well with 1 episode of "knee clash" and 3 patients have had structural failures. Functional walking has been achieved with the orthosis. PMID- 3213250 TI - The management of dropfoot using the Lambrinudi arthrodesis. AB - The results of 12 Lambrinudi arthrodeses in 10 patients with spinal dysraphism were compared with 11 operations performed in patients with only motor nerve deficits performed over the same 10 year period. The early failure and complications were more common in these patients and the tendency to recurrence of dropfoot occurred earlier. Despite this, the operation was effective in the management of these patients, especially for the improvement of co-existent sores or the fitting of shoewear. PMID- 3213251 TI - The handwriting of children with spina bifida. AB - As part of the Greater London Council (GLC) Spina Bifida Survey the handwriting of 131 11-year-olds with spina bifida and 56 controls was examined. The children copied the sentence "The dog sits in his box" in the course of an extensive battery of intelligence and attainment tests. Writing speed formed one scoring dimension and nine further categories were devised in collaboration with a handwriting consultant. All but one of these ten dimensions consistently discriminated between the spina bifida children and the controls, and between the spina bifida children divided according to such variables as IQ, school type, degree of disability, reading scores and presence or absence of a valve. In every case the differences were in the predicted direction, with the handwriting scores of the brighter, less damaged children, and those attending ordinary schools being higher. These findings are consistent with those obtained by other researchers and reflect an educational disadvantage in that the children with spina bifida had handwriting which was slow, with the letters being poorly formed and the words poorly spaced. PMID- 3213252 TI - Endoscopic management of vesico-ureteric reflux in children with neuropathic bladder secondary to myelomeningocoele. AB - Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with neuropathic bladders secondary to myelomeningocoele. The majority deteriorate with age and early treatment is necessary to avoid this. Endoscopic subureteric Teflon injection ("STING") allows correction of reflux in small children who would otherwise be difficult to manage. The results of treatment of VUR in 41 ureters in 24 children with neuropathic bladders using "STING" are reported. All ureters had grade III-V VUR. Thirty ureters (73%) showed disappearance of reflux after one injection. Of the remaining 11, VUR disappeared in 7 after a second injection. Apart from failure, the only other major complication was septicaemia in one patient. The mean hospital stay was 1.4 days (1-8 days). At a mean follow-up time of 22 months there was radiological improvement in the upper renal tracts in 27 of the 37 (73%) in which VUR disappeared, none has deteriorated and there has been only one relapse. These results suggest that "STING" should be considered as the method of choice in the management VUR in children with neuropathic bladder in view of the problems associated with open operation in these children. PMID- 3213253 TI - [The ransom paid for children]. PMID- 3213254 TI - [Testing the German versions of the temperament questionnaires developed by Carey and assistants]. AB - In a longitudinal study of 139 children, the children's parents filled out the Infant Temperament Questionnaire when the children were 7 months old and the Toddler Temperament Scale when they were 15 months old. Several of the means and standard deviations differed significantly from the corresponding values of the American standardization. The results concerning the internal structure, the stability of the scale values and the correlations with external variables, on the other hand, agreed quite well with those of the American studies. PMID- 3213255 TI - [Persistence of psychological disorders in children 5-6 years of age to 10-11 years of age--a longitudinal study]. AB - The sample covered 196 + 20 families and their children born between 1.7.1975 30.6.1976. The purpose of this study was to investigate the persistence of preschool aged childrens mental disturbances and to see what kind of problems show most stability. When the children of this sample were 5-6 years old their mental development was assessed by a child psychiatrist and a psychologist. Children were regarded as mentally normal or slightly or clearly disturbed. In addition children who showed mental symptoms were divided on the bases of the nature of their symptoms to emotionally disturbed and ego disturbed (conduct problems). When the children were at the age of 10-11 years the parents were sent a questionnaire designed by Rutter to find those children who had at that time mental problems. The children were sent a CDI-questionnaire, which measures the depression in children. According to the results of this study the mental disturbances in preschool age showed strong stability until the age of 10-11 years. Emotional disturbances at the preschool age predicted more later problems than conduct problems. PMID- 3213256 TI - [Disorders of short-term memory, a necessary category in the multiaxial classification scheme?]. AB - Problems with short-term memory have been reported in conjunction with numerous psychiatric disorders of childhood. Deficits in both visual and auditory short term memory were found more frequently in a group of 23 children between the ages of 7 and 11 years with specific developmental speech and/or language disorders and in an unselected group of 23 children seen at the inpatient unit of a child psychiatry facility than in a control group of children of comparable age and sex without language or behavior problems. Because of the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of visual and auditory short-term memory deficits, the authors argue for the inclusion of the disorder in the Multi-axial Classification Scheme. PMID- 3213257 TI - [Homicides by adolescents and young adults from the viewpoint of the adolescent psychiatry expert]. AB - From 1966 to 1986, the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Heidelberg gave expert opinions at the request of criminal courts in 37 cases involving homicide and 8 attempted homicide. Eighteen of the offenders were between 14 and 17 years old ("Jugendliche" under German law), 17 between 18 and 20 ("Heranwachsende") and 2 over 20. The largest group (N = 18) consisted of maladjusted male adolescents who had grown up in disadvantageous surroundings, had limited education and, not infrequently following the example of other members of their families, tended to show aggressive behaviour, intolerance to frustration, emotional instability and uncontrolled drinking. The questions the expert was asked by the court were mainly concerned with: liability for crime (section 3 JGG), applicability of juvenile law to offenders aged 18 to 20 years (section 105 JGG) penal responsibility (section 20 and 21 StBG or section 51, Section 1 and 2 StGB a.F.), and measures under section 63 StGB. The court took the expert's position in 28 of the 33 decisions which we were able to obtain for examination; 2 other proceedings were quashed. The juridical classification of the homicides was attempted or completed first-degree murder in 17 and attempted or completed second-degree murder in 6 cases. PMID- 3213258 TI - [Is MCD (minimal cerebral dysfunction) actually an empty formula? A scientific theoretical problem]. PMID- 3213260 TI - [Induction of chemiluminescence of human granulocytes by monocyte factors from patients with chronic polyarthritis and arthrosis]. AB - The supernatant of peripheral blood monocytes, cultured with autologous sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, stimulates healthy human granulocytes to significantly elevated chemiluminescence (p = 0.05) compared with supernatants of monocytes from osteoarthritic patients or healthy volunteers. Cultures without autologous sera or with heat-inactivated sera demonstrate this effect less significantly (p = 0.05). The peak chemiluminescence is slightly correlated with the titer of rheumatoid factor (r = 0.42 in latex fixation, r = 0.45 in the Waaler-Rose test). The elevated release of monokines, especially interleukin I from monocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients triggered by rheumatoid factors, immunocomplexes, complement compounds and other serum factors, may explain the phenomenon. PMID- 3213259 TI - [Effect of gold on lymphocyte stimulation by influenza A in chronic polyarthritis]. AB - In vitro stimulation with influenza-A antigens of the peripheral lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis is significantly higher than that in those from healthy controls. Stimulation was performed without autologous serum, is dependent on the monocyte function and correlates with disease activity. Gold compounds can inhibit monocyte function and so the lymphocyte stimulation by influenza-A antigens. Cortico-steroids do not do this. Under gold compound treatment, lymphocyte stimulation was markedly reduced in about 70% of cases and was correlated with clinical success. PMID- 3213262 TI - [Determination of endotoxin in inflammatory rheumatic diseases--the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on intestinal permeability]. AB - We measured the amount of plasma endotoxin in 95 patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (42 with ankylosing spondylitis; 12 with possible ankylosing spondylitis; 41 with rheumatoid arthritis) and in 16 patients with Crohn's disease with a quantitative Limulus assay. Significantly increased mean values were found in inflammatory rheumatic diseases and in Crohn's disease. Between 31% and 50% of the patients had endotoxin values higher than 10 pg/ml--none of the controls had such values. Patients on regular treatment with NSAIDS had higher amounts of endotoxin again. From our results we discuss an intestinal involvement in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. An inflammation of the gut with an increased permeability seems to be responsible for the raised plasma endotoxin levels compared to healthy controls. NSAIDs probably contribute to the increased permeability of the gut. PMID- 3213261 TI - Stimulated chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: in vivo enhancement by auranofin. AB - The aim of the study was to investigate the interaction of opsonized zymosan with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) from 26 rheumatoid arthritis patients (six males and 20 females; mean age, 51.88 +/- 11.15 years; range, 33-72 years) and 11 control subjects (two males and nine females; mean age, 56.54 +/- 12.1 years; range, 33-75 years) using a luminol-amplified chemiluminescence (CL). The data obtained suggest that the opsonized zymosan stimulated CL is decreased in untreated rheumatoid patients compared with control subjects. The decreased stimulated CL may be the result of a physico-chemical alteration of the membrane (including decreased membrane fluidity and translocation of receptor sites) induced by free radicals of oxygen and/or by multiple exposures to chemotaxins. Auranofin enhances stimulated CL although the mechanism is not clear. Auranofin could interact with membrane lipids, induce changes in membrane surface charges and increase membrane fluidity. Our results are difficult to compare with those of previous studies, since different assays, and chemoattractants were applied. In addition, the disease activity and medication were also different. PMID- 3213264 TI - [Effect of riboflavin (vitamin B2) on spontaneous gonarthrosis in the mouse]. AB - Male mice of the C57 black strain were given 1 mg/kg body weight of riboflavin (vitamin B2) in their drinking water daily for 4 months, in addition to the vitamin B2 contained in their standard pellet feed. Controls received the standard feed only. Histological examination of the joints at the end of the experiment showed that the incidence of gonarthrosis in the group given supplementary riboflavin was less than half that found in the controls; the number of mice with bilateral gonarthrosis was also considerably smaller, and the severity of the lesions less marked. Signs of physiological degeneration in the epiphyseal cartilage of the femoral and tibial condyles were only marginally less pronounced than in the controls. The notable inhibitory effect of riboflavin, which is known to promote regenerative processes, on osteoarthritis was compared with that of drugs stimulating wound healing, e.g. flavonoids, tribenoside, and zinc sulfate. These latter substances were also found to exert a similar inhibitory effect on spontaneous gonarthrosis in the mouse. PMID- 3213263 TI - [Defects in opsonization activity of the serum of patients with chronic arthritis]. AB - The opsonizing capacity of sera from 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), from 14 with psoriatic arthritis (AP), from seven with ankylosing spondylitis, and from healthy control persons was investigated by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, induced during yeast phagocytosis of normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The chemiluminescence response using opsonizing sera was compared to that induced by no-opsonized yeast and the opsonizing capacity was expressed as a percentage. For the opsonization, fresh native serum, in some experiments Mg2+ EGTA and EDTA-treated serum, was used. In RA and AP sera, a significantly diminished opsonizing capacity (p less than 0.005) was observed. In healthy controls and in SPA patients, the opsonizing capacity of their sera was over 200%, while in seronegative RA patients, it was only 175%, in seropositive RA 125%, and in AP 150% was measured. There was no correlation between opsonizing capacity and complement or immunoglobulin content of the investigated sera. The amount of C3b, IgG and IgM covalently bound to yeast particles was determined, too. Yeast particles bind significantly less (p less than 0.01) IgG when opsonized with RA and AP sera, while a higher relative amount of IgM (p less than 0.01) was bound to yeast incubated in the sera of seropositive RA patients. No significant differences in the C3b binding were observed. PMID- 3213265 TI - [Trans-synovial kinetics of tiaprofenic acid]. AB - The transsynovial distribution and tissue accumulation of tiaprofenic acid (Surgam)--a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent--was studied in 55 patients scheduled for knee joint surgery. The patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (53), ankylosing spondylitis (1) or a chronicly irritated knee joint (1), received 300 mg of tiaprofenic acid b.i.d. starting 4 days prior to surgery. Samples of plasma, synovial fluid, fat, muscle, bone and synovial tissue were obtained simultaneously at defined times following the last dose. The samples were analyzed for tiaprofenic acid employing HPLC. Peak plasma concentrations of 28.6 micrograms/ml were achieved after 1 h, whereas synovial levels rose up to 2.8 micrograms/ml after 8 h. The time course of the concentration ratios indicates equilibration of both compartments 6 h following the last dose. Elimination occurs with half-lives of 1.9 h from plasma and 3.1 h from synovial fluid. During this period, synovial levels persist in a range sufficient for in vitro cyclooxygenase inhibition. In contrast, tiaprofenic acid does not exert marked tissue affinity, probably due to its hydrophilic properties. PMID- 3213267 TI - Recurrent rupture of a popliteal cyst in a patient with chronic tophaceous gout. AB - Popliteal cysts which rupture to mimic a deep vein thrombosis (DTV) can be seen in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides. Gout with cystal synovitis and ruptured popliteal cyst has only been sporadically reported and nowhere has this occurred more than once. PMID- 3213266 TI - [Ulcer healing with ranitidine and antacids despite continued therapy with non steroidal anti-rheumatic drugs]. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the course of gastric and duodenal ulcers under ranitidin and antacid treatment during continuous NSAID therapy, and to answer the question of whether ulcers are an absolute contraindication for NSAID treatment. A total of 21 patients (17 females; four males; average age 58 years) with rheumatoid arthritis (18 patients), ankylosing spondylitis (two patients), and cervical spine syndrome (one patient) with gastric and/or duodenal ulcers, demonstrated by endoscopy, entered the study. Because of the severe course of the rheumatic disease present in every patient, there was a need to continue NSAID therapy. Gastric or duodenal ulcers were treated with 300 mg ranitidin and an aluminium-magnesium-hydroxide-containing antacid with an acid binding capacity of 280 mval/day. The course of healing of the ulcers was checked endoscopically and in part by biopsies (gastric ulcers). Within the period of 31 +/- 11 days, all duodenal ulcers under observation had healed. Of the gastric ulcers, 50% had healed completely while the others showed definite improvement. NSAID-induced ulcers were located in or close to the pylorus, contrary to the location of peptic ulcers. These data show that NSAIDs--if administration is absolutely necessary because of the severe course of the rheumatic disease--can be continued even in the presence of gastric or duodenal ulcers when administered with ranitidin and antacids. Because of hemorrhage and perforation in NSAID induced ulcers, close clinical and endoscopic checks are necessary. Failures, even with the use of H2-blockers, have also been described. PMID- 3213268 TI - [D-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatism. Its value and side-effects. A discussion by international experts. Berlin]. PMID- 3213269 TI - [Effectiveness and limits of D-penicillamine therapy]. AB - A total of 232 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with DPA. Withdrawal from treatment was mainly due to adverse events in the first year of treatment, while in the subsequent years it was mainly due to loss of efficacy. Of the patients treated, 68 were included in the present study, as they fulfilled the criteria of continuous long-term observation regularly performed. The effects of therapy were graded after 1 year of treatment, at the last examination in the outpatient department or before withdrawal, respectively. It could be seen that a long duration of the disease did not exclude positive effects of therapy; however, early use of DPA led to more favourable results with respect to the number of successfully treated patients and to the extent of the grading of efficacy. In patients who did not respond to DPA therapy, not only was the duration of the disease longer, but also previous therapy with other slow acting antirheumatic agents had been stopped because of inefficacy. This group of patients seems to cover therapy-resistant cases. After 1 year of treatment, improvement was measured in 54 patients. During further treatment, a tendency to return to initial values of clinical and laboratory parameters was noted. In about half the patients with only moderate improvement after 1 year, subsequent treatment was terminated (because of inefficacy) quite soon in most cases, i.e. within 5 years. Optimal improvement after 1 year, however, seems to indicate a long-term positive response to DPA therapy. In cases with no obvious effect of DPA after 1 year a response is not to be expected with ongoing treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213270 TI - Current status of D-penicillamine therapy in Japan. AB - A multicentric post-marketing surveillance study over 7 years including 5,124 patients is presented. According to clinical and laboratory data, the drug D penicillamine was effective, with a tendency of loss of efficacy after therapy of 5 years or longer. Response was better in the early stage of the disease. Side effects were observed in 28.1% of the patients. PMID- 3213271 TI - [Basic therapy of chronic inflammatory joint diseases with D-penicillamine and disorders of wound healing in rheumatoid orthopedic interventions]. AB - In the past, D-penicillamine has been thought to cause wound healing disturbances due to its influence on connective tissue. A series of 217 operations in 150 patients with rheumatoid arthritis on D-penicillamine treatment were performed and compared with controls (106 operations in 86 patients with rheumatoid arthritis). It was shown that disturbances of wound healing were less in patients on D-penicillamine therapy (12.4%) than in patients who did not receive D penicillamine (18.9%). A perioperative withdrawal of D-penicillamine therefore does not seem justified. PMID- 3213273 TI - [Studies of the in vitro toxicity of D-penicillamine in the Chinese hamster ovary system]. AB - The amino-thiol-containing compound D-penicillamine is used as a disease modifying drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study the effects of D-penicillamine on Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) were evaluated. It could be shown that only high doses, i.e. doses exceeding the therapeutically occurring plasma concentration many times, were toxic to the cells, leading to an early death of the cells. High doses (1,500 micrograms/ml) of D-penicillamine caused an inhibition of the endogenous pyrimidine synthesis of the CHO and lead to a drastic reduction of the cellular protein biosynthesis. The observations made are discussed with respect to formerly published data about mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of D-penicillamine. PMID- 3213272 TI - [Antibodies to D-penicillamine in patients with chronic polyarthritis--diagnostic aid in undesired and insufficient drug effects?]. AB - Antibodies to D-penicillamine (DPA) were determined in 25 patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis being treated with DPA. Positive results were found before and during therapy with DPA. Antibodies were found in seven out of ten patients without the desired therapeutic effects; in five cases before starting the therapy. It is hypothesized that antibodies against drugs are heterogeneous and influence the effect of the drugs, e.g. inhibition of the desired effect and stimulation of an undesired (adverse) reaction. PMID- 3213275 TI - [Illness specificity and coping with illness--an empirical comparison of dialysis and heart infarct patients]. AB - In a multicenter study 118 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and 106 after myocardial infarction (MI) were investigated on their coping with diagnosis and onset of severe illness. A newly developed clinical coping questionnaire was applied, covering a wide range of cognitive, emotional and actional ways of coping with illness. The results indicate that more common than illness specific modes of coping were applied: Both groups primarily reported placing trust in the doctors, compliance-strategies and fighting spirit. The most helpful coping modes in ESRD- and MI-patients accordingly were information seeking, fighting spirit, active problem solving and self-encouraging in this retrospective self-report. Some illness specific differences remained, even after partializing out effects of age and education: Patients with ESRD showed more depressive coping, distraction and dissimulation. MI-patients more markedly applied internal attributions, carpe diem attitudes, and distrust in the doctors. Finally, consequences of the findings for psychosocial care for patients with chronic diseases are discussed, needs for future research are concluded. PMID- 3213274 TI - [Life events, coping and social support: attempt at integration from the psychoanalytic viewpoint]. AB - In the Federal Republic of Germany, few attempts have been made to subject psychoanalytical theories of illness to empirical examination using the modern methods of science. There are also very few established connections between these theories and recognized socio-psychological concepts, and theoretical constructs that are in fact quite similar have thus led a separate but parallel existence because of differences in terminology. In our epidemiological research project (begun in 1978), we concentrate on the observation of psychic health and/or psychogenic illness as influenced by factors of personality and of symptom causing conditions, drawing on the methods of socio-psychological research. In this study, we present 1) our results from the areas "Life-events", "Coping", and "Social support" and 2) a quantification of the pathogenic influence of these three factors based on regression analysis; finally, 3) we try to establish the connection to psychoanalytic concepts of symptom-causing temptation and failure situations and to ego-related models of defense and adaptation. PMID- 3213276 TI - [Illness and threat. Forms of psychosocial coping in multiple sclerosis]. AB - The onset of a chronic illness is synonymous with a massive breach in the stability and routine in the daily life of the patient. These individuals are thus confronted with the task of integrating the illness and its consequences into their lives in a manner that, despite and with the illness, will allow them to live as normal life as possible. Multiple Sclerosis, however, presents specific problems in the sense that it is chronic illness with uncertain prognosis whose course can neither be predicted nor influenced. The question as to how and how successfully the chronically ill cope with MS is pursued in this paper, focusing on a group of 60 MS-patients over a period of five years following diagnosis. Both the individual coping patterns as well as the occupational situation and the forms of mutual coping in the family or partner relationship are considered. These factors are decisive in determining the significance of the illness in the lives of all those involved and whether it will be possible to deal with the more grave forms of MS and their psychosocial consequences in a flexible manner. PMID- 3213277 TI - [Coping with illness in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis, a lifelong chronic disease, creates serious psychosocial as well as medical problems. We investigated coping with rheumatoid arthritis in 50 patient. The examination of coping-strategies used by R. A.-patients seems to show no fundamental difference to the coping behavior of patients with other chronic diseases. Biomedical conditions of the disease (Rheumafactor sero positiv, sero-negativ) are related to different coping-strategies. Patient without psychiatric problems have a better medical health condition and, compared to depressive R. A.-patient prefer more active and optimistic coping. However, the context between psychological well-being and health (before the onset of R. A.), coping, adjustment to illness, and course of the illness is unclear. PMID- 3213278 TI - [The syndrome of retrograde venous arterialization following arteriovenous vascular anastomoses for hemodialysis]. AB - In 9 patients with arterio-venous side-to-end anastomosis on the forearm as vascular access for chronic hemodialysis an uniform symptom complex was observed: retrograde flow of the ectatic vein into the periphery, swelling and pain in this area, partly with trophic skin disorders on the hand. After occlusion of the arterio-venous anastomosis these symptoms could reversed completely with exception of venous dilation. PMID- 3213279 TI - [A 12-year report of follow-up after surgical treatment of bilateral hypernephroid kidney cancer and subsequent diffuse metastatic breast cancer]. AB - It is reported on a presently 67-year-old female patient with bilateral renal cell carcinoma which was found in 1975. On the left side an extended nephrectomy was performed, the right-sided renal cell carcinoma was resected extracorporeally and thereafter the kidney autotransplanted. In 1977 a subcutaneous mastectomy was performed because of mamma carcinoma and the diffuse metastases in the skeleton regressed completely after combined cytostatic therapy. After a 12-year follow-up time the autotransplanted kidney show normal function and no recurrent tumor. PMID- 3213281 TI - [Relation of the static urethral pressure profile and symptoms of urinary urgency in the female]. AB - In a retrospective study of 463 stationary urethral-pressure profiles the coherence between clinical relevant changes of the urethral pressure and bladder instability is discussed. It is shown, that clinical important pressure changes in the stationary urethral-pressure profile appear significantly more frequently in female patients with signs of bladder instability. The results and the definition of urethral-pressure changes are compared with the literature. PMID- 3213280 TI - [Ureterotransversopyelostomy and unilateral nephrostomy as supravesical urinary diversion in vesico-vagino-rectal fistula and incurable bladder cancers]. AB - The use of a transversal uretero-pyelostomy as an alternative to other forms of supravesical urinary diversion is described in a patient suffering from incurable bladder cancer and in another patient with combined bladder-vaginal-rectal fistula, colostomy and radiogenic contracted urinary bladder. The operation is less severe to the patient and a transperitoneal or a retroperitoneal approach is possible. This type of urinary diversion should be included in the operative armamentarium of the urologist in selected cases because of the quality of patient's life is improved markedly. PMID- 3213282 TI - [Development and course of functional urinary retention in paraplegic patients]. AB - The urographic follow-up series of 453 patients of a paraplegic rehabilitation center are checked to obstructive uropathies. In 33 patients (7.3%) mostly asymptomatic obstructions were found. The onset of the urinary transport disorder is in 71% of the patients in the first year after the accident. Therefore, roentgenological and urodynamical investigations are necessary in the first years after the paralysis. The urological follow-up must be done for life as secondary morphological changes of the urinary tract are the cause of late obstructions. The prognosis of urinary transport disorders of the upper urinary tract is favourable in the case of timely and purposeful treatment. The development of a high-pressure system of the urinary bladder is the most important causal factor for qualified urodynamical diagnostic measures. Therefore, the therapeutic influence on the development of this high-pressure system is important in the prophylaxis and therapy of urinary obstruction. PMID- 3213283 TI - [Correlations of homeostatic disorders of tubule function, type of clinical course of chronic glomerulonephritis and histologic changes in the diagnosis of tubulo-interstitial lesions]. AB - In 366 patients with bioptical verified and functional compensated chronic glomerulonephritis the relations between the clinical course types of glomerulonephritis according to Ratner, the histological changes and the tubular homoeostatic parameters of renal function, respectively, were investigated. A reliable connection was found between the clinical course type and special tubular functional parameters. With reference to histological changes the occurrence of a tubulo-interstitial lesion (tiK) is the cause of an excessive disturbance of the renal tubular function. Independently of this, however, the clinical course type of chronic glomerulonephritis may be responsible for the pathological reactive failure of tubular functional parameters. In the case of renal tubular dysfunction in the active nephritic type (ANT) and the nephrotic type with hypertension (NHT), respectively, the occurrence of a tik is much likely. By the lack of reno-tubular dysfunction in ANT and NHT a tik be cannot excluded. In contrast to this, in the inactive nephrotic type (INT) and the nephrotic type without hypertension (NHT), respectively, a tik be can excluded by lack of tubular dysfunction. On the other side, a tubular dysfunction in these groups is not a certain proof of a tik. PMID- 3213284 TI - [Comparison of inulin and creatinine clearance determinations in anesthesized and conscious rats]. AB - Two investigation methods of the renal function by means of the inulin and the endogenous creatinine clearance in narcotized and conscious rats are described in detail. The inulin clearance was 0.84 +/- 0.16 ml/min/100 g BW. The results of the creatinine clearance obtained by 6 various methods are widely different due to co-determination of foreign chromogens. Therefore, it is important to compare these results with the results of other analytical methods determining only the "true" creatinine. PMID- 3213285 TI - Vascular response in experimental spinal cord gliomas of the rat. AB - Reported is the immunoreactivity of tumoral and peritumoral vessels of 7 spinal cord gliomas induced in rats by means of ethylnitrosourea. Immunostaining for Factor VIII/RAg has been more strongly pronounced in endothelial cells of newly formed vessels at the tumor periphery, in comparison with tumoral vessels, and this is likely to suggest a differentiation process during extensive neovascularization of the tumor periphery. Endothelial distribution of vimentin in the peripheral vessels is more intensive than within the tumors, suggesting its relation to rapid new blood vessel formation. Immunostaining for GFAP and vimentin overlaps in astrocytes trapped within neoplasms, in astrocytes at the tumor periphery, and in the peritumoral zone. PMID- 3213286 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of intra- and extravascular coagulopathy in lung cancer]. AB - Four cases of lung cancer were analysed for aspects relating to optical light microscopy and ultrastructure of coagulation disorders. Criteria of intravasal coagulopathy were positively verified from all four cases and were found to have grown manifest in the form of prethrombi in veins, arterioles, and venules, masses of fibrin monomer in capillaries, and the sludge phenomenon. Extravasation of fibrin was also observed around highly differentiated cancer cells as well as in tumour stroma and in necrotic foci. Most of the fibrin was identified in the forms of monomers and their ultrastructural variants. Morphological criteria of locally delimited coagulation disorders in the microcirculation of tumours are discussed together with the role played by fibrin in growth and dissemination of neoplasms. PMID- 3213287 TI - [Immunocytochemical studies of epithelial markers in pleural and peritoneal effusions as an adjunct to cytologic diagnosis]. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were used in an indirect immunoperoxidase assay to investigate 83 smears of pleural or peritoneal effusions for expression of the epithelial markers MAM-6, MAM-3, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). All but one smears containing tumor cells according to the evaluation of H&E preparations were positive for one, two or all three markers, the exception being a malignant melanoma. Three of 5 cases, suspicious by routine cytology, exhibited marker expression in a different number of cells and thus confirmed the cytological diagnosis. Five of 63 cytologically negative smears exhibited single cells or small cell clusters positive for up to three markers. Four of these patients were found to suffer from metastatic cancer, as established by clinical follow-up and subsequent biopsy or autopsy, respectively. Felty's syndrome and concomitant serositis were diagnosed and confirmed by autopsy in one of the MAM-6 positive cases with negative cytology. The comparatively strong MAM-6 expression in some mesothelial cells of this patient might have been induced by abnormal stimulation due to the rheumatic disease. The results of this study encourage wider use of immunocytochemistry as an adjunct to cytological diagnosis in effusions. PMID- 3213288 TI - Proliferation of invasive breast carcinomas and colorectal adenocarcinomas: an immunohistochemical in situ investigation with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. AB - The proliferation rates of 46 invasive breast cancers and of 22 invasive adenocarcinomas of the large intestine were determined immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. According to Gerdes et al., Ki-67 reacts with a nuclear-associated antigen selectively expressed in proliferating cells. The maximum number of Ki-67+ tumour cells was calculated in each case. Statistical analysis revealed that the number of proliferating tumour cells was significantly higher in colorectal tumours than in breast cancers (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, age dependency of the proliferation rate was observed for breast cancers. Tumours of females less than or equal to 50 years old showed a significantly higher number of proliferating cells than did tumours of patients greater than 50 years old (p less than 0.05). The maximum number of proliferating cells was not found to correlate with the tumour stage or node status in either type of malignancy. The immunohistochemical findings correspond well to results of studies of tumour cell kinetics in breast cancer and colorectal carcinoma using the tritiated thymidine labelling index (3HTLI). Thus, the application of Ki-67 obviously not only enables a detailed in situ study of proliferating cells in human cancer but also might partially substitute the expensive and time consuming determination of the 3HTLI as a prognostic tumour marker. PMID- 3213289 TI - [Morphology, general and differential diagnosis of intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus]. AB - Presentation of morphological findings in a case of intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus in a patient, 43 years of age. Criteria for general and differential diagnosis are given with reference to literature. PMID- 3213290 TI - [Severe malformations in atypical short-rib polydactyly syndrome (SRP-S)]. AB - A case of atypical short-rib polydactyly syndrome (Majewski) with severe cerebral malformations (infundibular hamartoma, Dandy-Walker cyst, aplasia of cerebellar vermis, etc.) is reported. This seems to be the first case so far described in the literature. PMID- 3213291 TI - [Unusual complications at birth in a stillborn with spinal muscular atrophy]. AB - A report is given on a premature stillborn with severe congenital spinal muscular atrophy, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and hydrops fetalis. During delivery the head was spontaneously pulled off. The neuromuscular disease was the cause of this unusual complication. No alterations of collagenous fibres were found by light and electron microscopy in dermis, aorta or in the Achilles tendon. The hydrops fetalis was not of immunological nature. PMID- 3213292 TI - [Disease and its course considered from a causative point of view]. AB - The need is substantiated for differentiation between the process and course of a disease. The course of a disease may be variable, depending on critical conditions and causative factors at the beginning. Differentiation is necessary between acute and chronic diseases as well as between expected and unexpected courses (complications) of a disease. Consideration must be given to the classical differentiation between restitutio ad integrum, restitutio cum defectu and death. Special interest is focussed at the chronic disease and its relationship with the process of ageing. PMID- 3213293 TI - [Silver impregnation of the myelin sheath. II]. AB - A modified method is described based on the following steps: 1. simultaneous mordanting, using an alcoholic solution of phosphotungstic acid and tannic acid, 2. treatment with pH = 10.4 silver nitrate solution, 3. physical development (one or two phases). PMID- 3213294 TI - [Technic, limits and complications of breast reconstruction with island flaps of the rectus abdominis muscle]. AB - A definite assessment of mammary repair, using myocutaneous island flaps of the abdominorectal muscle, is likely to underline the unambiguous benefits of the approach. Lasting soft breast consistency, individual adjustability of breast shape, and availability of sufficient tissue quantity are among the major measurable advantages. Caution, however, is necessary for the risk of island flap necrosis in case of excessive ptosis of the breast restored. PMID- 3213295 TI - [Current resistance status of pathogens isolated from bile and its development since 1976 in the Suhl district]. AB - Bile was collected intraoperatively and through duodenal tubes from patients and was microbiologically investigated. E. coli and coliform bacteria were found to be the most common germs in bile, accounting for 51.6 per cent of all positive findings. Streptococcus faecalis and Proteus spec. increased remarkably to 17 per cent each. Calculated antibiotic therapy was found to depend for good success on knowledge of the latest resistance rates of the most common germs. These were 67 per cent E. coli to ampicillin and 40 per cent for E. coli to tetracycline and 53 or 91 per cent for Str. faecalis or Proteus spec. to tetracycline. Hence, these preparations will have to be abandoned for calculated therapy, say, for cholangitis. PMID- 3213296 TI - [The Chilaiditi syndrome as a cause of acute abdomen]. PMID- 3213297 TI - [Occult rectal cancer in Crohn disease]. AB - An adenocarcinoma in the anorectal region was an accidental histological finding recorded from a female patient who had suffered Crohn's disease for many years. A rectovaginal fistula in the neighbourhood was also discovered but was in no way anatomically related to the carcinoma. Reference is made to an account of the literature for discussion of pathogenetic factors for the development of Crohn associated gastro-intestinal carcinomas and conclusions that ought to be drawn for diagnosis and therapy when it comes to patients with Crohn's disease. Definite assessment is not yet possible for the very low number of cases so far observed. PMID- 3213298 TI - [Carcinoid tumors of the small intestine]. AB - Operations were performed on 15 patients for carcinoid tumours in their small intestines. Prognosis of tumour localisation in the small intestine was confirmed to be worse, as compared to other tumour sites. Only four patients were initially free of metastases. Such unfavourable point of departure supported the need for radical surgery, with a view to alleviating the locally delimited symptoms of the primary tumour and the complaints caused by the carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 3213299 TI - [Stomach cancer following gastroenterostomy]. AB - Treatment was applied to 279 cases of gastric carcinoma at the authors' hospital, within a period of six years. Fourteen of these patients (five per cent) had received surgical treatment for peptic ulcer, between seven and 44 years back (23.6 years on average). Bilateral truncular vagotomy and pyloroplasty had been applied as primary operation to 6.9 per cent. The remaining 93.1 per cent had undergone either exclusive gastrojejunostomy or, in addition, partial gastrectomy. Partial or residual resection of the stomach could be performed on six patients only. PMID- 3213302 TI - [Rare course of appendix carcinoid]. PMID- 3213301 TI - [Benign neoplastic mucocele of the appendix: mucinous cystadenocarcinoma]. PMID- 3213300 TI - [Pathogenesis of cancer of the operated stomach]. AB - Carcinoma in the postsurgical stomach has to be considered as a prognostically hopeless late complication in the wake of reflux-causing stomach operations. Morphological, autoradiographic, microbiological, and biochemical investigations of animal models and analyses of 19,595 postmortem records have supported the view that enterogastric reflux, bacterial colonisation, primarily by nitrate reducing enterobacteria, alteration of the intragastric pH condition as well as consecutive morphological and functional changes to gastric mucosa are factors of pathogenetic relevance. Reflux-preventing surgical methods should be adopted to handle the problem, among them application of Roux-en-Y anastomosis or jejunal interposition following gastrectomy. Systematic postsurgical follow-up care is considered to be just as important. PMID- 3213303 TI - [Giant cell tumor with regional lymph node metastasis]. PMID- 3213305 TI - [Gossypol and other nonhormonal substances for the inhibition of male fertility]. AB - Several international articles dealing with 3 substances, which act as a male contraceptive agent, were reviewed. The drugs gossypol, alpha-chlorohydrin and 6 chloro-6-deoxyglucose caused a reversible infertility without disturbances of sexual potency, but their toxic side effects exclude a clinical application at present. PMID- 3213304 TI - [The effect of subcutaneous nitrosamine injections on the origin of tumors of the liver and their inhibition by vitamin C]. AB - Experiments were conducted on Wistar rats for the purpose of finding out, whether peroral vitamin C application is capable of inhibiting carcinogenesis through subcutaneous injection of nitrosamine. One group of animals received injections of N-nitrosodiethylamine, while high doses of vitamin C were additionally administered to a second group in drinking water. Vitamin C only was given to a third group (control). Numerous liver carcinomas developed in response to nitrosamine application. No numerical difference was found to exist between the groups with and without vitamin C. PMID- 3213306 TI - [Determination of immune complexes in the serum of pregnant patients and puerperal females with EPH gestosis]. AB - We analyzed the blood sera from 100 patients with EPH gestosis and from 50 women with normal pregnancy to explore the immunological reactions during gestosis. The sera of cord blood were included in the investigations. We determined the circulating immune complexes by conglutinin and C1q solid phase radioimmunoassay and by polyethyleneglycol precipitation. It has been established by conglutinin RIA that during pregnancy the women with gestosis have significant higher concentrations of immune complexes than the control group. During puerperium and in the cord blood the values are significantly lower than during pregnancy in both groups. The estimations of immune complexes by C1q RIA have shown that the differences between the two groups are insignificant and the lowest values are in the cord blood. The concentrations of immune complexes estimated by PEG precipitation were not significantly different between the two groups. It is concluded that immune complexes are in connection with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. PMID- 3213307 TI - [Correlation of progesterone and apoprotein B in pregnancy]. AB - For the synthesis of progesterone the placenta uses cholesterol which is derived from low density lipoproteins (LDL). Apoprotein B (apo B) is the mediator for the uptake of LDL into the cell. This investigation was done to find relations between progesterone and apo B concentrations in the blood serum of pregnant women. 269 patients (8th to 41st week of pregnancy) were studied. Progesterone was estimated by radioimmunoassay, apo B by radial immunodiffusion. The concentration of apo B decreases from 8th/9th to 14th/15th week of pregnancy significantly, and this is followed by a continuous increase of the apo B concentration until parturition. The concentration of progesterone increases during pregnancy. The intermediate decrease after the 14th/15th week is to be seen in connection with the luteoplacental shift. PMID- 3213308 TI - [Plasma kininogenesis and fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of EPH gestosis]. AB - The coexistence of arterial hypertension and disturbances of haemostasis in pregnant women with EPH-gestosis allow to expect a role of fibrinolysis and kinin forming systems in pathomechanism of this syndrome. For these reasons blood plasma of 34 patients with EPH-gestosis, 23 patients with normal pregnancy and 19 nonpregnant women was investigated. All pregnant women were in third trimester of pregnancy. The following parameters were investigated: kinin-forming system compounds (kininogens and prokininogenases - biological methods), fibrinolytic activity (plasma euglobulin fibrinolysis time), total plasma protein and fibrinogen concentration, protease inhibitors - antithrombin III, C1-esterase inhibitor, alpha 2-antiplasmin, alpha 1-protease inhibitor and alpha 2 macroglobulin (by electroimmunodiffusion). Furthermore hematocrit was measured. In pregnant women with EPH-gestosis significant increase of high molecular weight kininogen concentration was found (p less than 0.02), decreased fibrinolytic activity (p less than 0.01) and (except alpha 2-antiplasmin) decreased concentration of protease inhibitors (p less than 0.005 - p less than 0.01) were observed. Further statistical analysis demonstrated positive correlation between the concentrations of kininogens and prokallikrein-prokininogenases and between low molecular weight kininogen and plasma euglobulin fibrinolysis time. On the other hand negative correlation between concentrations of those proenzymes and severity of gestosis was observed. The above described phenomena indicate on significance of disturbances of proteolytic enzyme activation in pathogenesis of EPH-gestosis. PMID- 3213309 TI - [Physical work capacity in pregnancy]. AB - In a study 21 pregnant women with an age of 17 to 33 years were tested spiroergometrically for estimation of physical fitness beginning with the 3rd up to the 9th month of pregnancy and during childbed. All the women were healthy and their pregnancies developed without any complication. The parameters oxygen supply, lactate level, oxygen pulse and blood pressure regulation were recorded under steady state conditions. Up to the 6th month of pregnancy a deterioration of all these parameters was observed showing a reduction of the women's general exercise tolerance. In advanced pregnancy adaptation was observed similar to that after continuous training. Our results do not admit unambiguously of conclusions concerning changes of physical fitness after childbed. PMID- 3213310 TI - [Changes in the 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin level in the 1st trimester following beta-sympathomimetic and intracervical prostaglandin E2 gel administration]. AB - 3 ml tylose gel containing 500 micrograms PGE2 was injected into the cervical canal of 23 patients prior to first trimester abortion. 11 patients received 5 mg fenoterol orally before the PGE2-gel application and 12 patients a placebo tablet. The PGFM and oxytocin concentrations in plasma were determined radioimmunologically. The results showed the dominant role of elevated PGFM levels in the clinical prevalence of pain during induced abortion. PMID- 3213311 TI - [Fetal heart rate accelerations and fetal oxygen pressure sub partu]. AB - By means of tcPO2 measurement, a total of 297 FHR accelerations from 55 oxygen cardiotocograms were analysed with regard to their association with changes in fetal oxygen pressure sub partu. It could be demonstrated that the transcutaneous oxygen pressure of 2.3 kPa (17.1 mmHg) with occasional accelerations was significantly (alpha less than 0.05) higher than that of 2.2 kPa (16.6 mmHg) with periodic accelerations. Oxygen pressure with occasional accelerations with "classical parameters" (amplitude greater than or equal to 15 bpm, duration greater than or equal to 15 sec) did not significantly differ from that with one or both parameters below these minimal values. Furthermore, our results suggest the production of periodic accelerations by pressorreceptor reflex due to intermittent disturbance in umbilico-placental perfusion. PMID- 3213312 TI - [Once cesarean section--always cesarean section?]. AB - Between 1975 and 1985 from 522 patients, who had undergone caesarean section during their previous delivery or deliveries, per cent 63 have been delivered vaginally and 37 per cent with a caesarean section (52.8% primary, 47.2% secondary). The rate of spontaneous labour was higher, if patient had a spontaneous delivery before caesarean section or the first caesarean section has been performed because of a placenta praevia, a breech presentation or a fetal distress syndrome. Cephalopelvic disproportion went on in 67.2 per cent with a caesarean section. Rupture of the scare occurred in 2.9 per cent. Expectative management of delivery is justified following previous caesarean section. Oxytocin infusions are possible in cases if internal tocography will be done. PMID- 3213313 TI - Extrauterine pregnancy four weeks after successful tubal sterilization. AB - A case of ectopic pregnancy four weeks after successfully performed tubal sterilization is described. The possibility of conception prior to sterilization is pointed out and discussed. PMID- 3213314 TI - International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology: announcement of the report of the ad hoc Committee on Reconciliation of Approaches to Bacterial Systematics. PMID- 3213315 TI - Properties of a protein from Staphylococcus capitis that binds human serum high density lipoprotein. AB - A high density lipoprotein (HDL) binding component from the cell wall of Staphylococcus capitis, possessing both HDL binding and HDL precipitating activity, has been partially characterised. Growth of the bacteria on medium containing cysteine or in presence of CO2, was found to induce the synthesis of this factor. Analysis show an incorporation of radioactive amino acids into the factor, and also its sensitivity to trypsin, indicating strongly that the HDL binding factor is of protein nature. Gel-filtration experiments showed that the HDL binding protein had an elution volume corresponding to a molecular weight of about 150K. However, SDS-PAGE analysis of HDL binding protein, purified by affinity chromatography, showed that the 150K component was composed of subunits of a low molecular weight protein (7K). As judged by the incorporation of radiolabelled amino acids, the HDL binding protein may, under certain growth conditions, constitute as much as 15% of the total protein in the autolytic extract from the bacteria. PMID- 3213316 TI - Morphological changes in Mycobacterium fortuitum induced by ofloxacin. AB - Effects of ofloxacin on morphology of Mycobacterium fortuitum ATCC 6841 were studied electronmicroscopically. The cells treated with 0.2 microgram/ml (1/2 MICs) of ofloxacin at 37 degrees C for 24 h maintained normal morphology under scanning electron microscopic observations. In the ultrathin sections of the cells treated with ofloxacin under the same conditions, ribosomal granules and other cytoplasmic organellae were clearly observed, whereas the fine fibrous structures of the nuclear apparatus were not clear. On the other hand, the treatment with 0.2 microgram/ml of ofloxacin at 37 degrees C for 5 days caused elongation of the cells, and irregular, rosary-like and/or twisted features in some cells under scanning electron microscopic observations. The formation of numerous vacuole-like structures in the cytoplasm, the indistinct nuclear apparatus, and the partial destruction of the cell wall were observed in the transmission electron microscopic examinations. We conclude from this study that morphological changes in Mycobacterium fortuitum cells treated with ofloxacin seem to firstly occur in the nuclear apparatus. PMID- 3213317 TI - Antibacterial action of amphipathic derivatives of isoniazid against the Mycobacterium avium complex. AB - The antibacterial action of amphipathic derivatives of isoniazid (INH) as compared to the parent hydrophilic molecule was determined against the bacteria of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) using a 7H11 agar-dilution method. The results obtained showed a higher activity of 1-isonicotinyl-2-palmitoyl hydrazine and 1-isonicotinyl-2-(12 hydroxy dodecanoyl) hydrazine as compared to INH. However, when one mannose residue was terminally attached to the fatty acid chain of the latter, it lost its anti-MAC activity. 1-isonicotinyl-2-D-galacturonic acid hydrazone (but not hydrazine) also showed increased activity against MAC. Although pristinamycin was shown to bind to M. avium surface lipids, the INH pristinamycin derivative was not more active than INH alone. These findings are discussed in respect to a proposed mechanism of diffusion across a lipid barrier. PMID- 3213318 TI - Isoenzyme studies on Toxoplasma gondii isolates using isoelectric focusing. AB - Zymogram analysis using isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels was performed to characterize and distinguish two Toxoplasma gondii isolates ("strains" BK and RH). The activity of the following 14 enzymes in the cell lysates was investigated: IDH, MDH, ME, 6PG, G6P, LDH, IPO, HEX, PGM, EST, ALP, ACP, LAP, and PGI. Nine enzymes (IDH, G6P, LDH, HEX, PGM, EST, ALP, ACP, and PGI) showed distinct and reproducible banding patterns, and four of them (IDH, G6P, EST, PGI) enabled a reliable distinction of the two Toxoplasma gondii isolates. A contamination of the parasite extracts with host proteins could be excluded by comparison of the enzyme activities of the Toxoplasma isolates with mouse peritoneal exudate cells. Isoenzyme analysis proved to be a helpful method for a characterization and a distinction of Toxoplasma gondii isolates. PMID- 3213319 TI - First isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme borreliosis, from Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Berlin (West). AB - In 1984, two human cases of tick-borne Lyme borreliosis with considerable neurologic involvement were reported in Berlin (West). The diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis was serologically confirmed. The ticks which had transmitted the Borrelia were from Berlin (West). In the autumn of 1985, 156 ticks were collected in forests of Berlin (West) for the cultural detection of spirochetes by using BSK II medium. Three strains of spirochetes were isolated (from a pooled sample of two nymphs, and samples of one nymph and one female tick, respectively). These isolates were identified as Borrelia burgdorferi by means of SDS-PAGE, Western blot (using monoclonal antibody H 5332), microscopic agglutination test and electron microscopy. Investigations with the electron microscope showed that cells of two isolates (strains 2/B45 and 3/B56) had 8 flagella inserted at each end. The cells of the third isolate (strain 1/B29) had 9 flagella inserted at each end. This type had not been observed before. PMID- 3213320 TI - [Correlation-regression analysis of the influence of psychiatric service resources on the dynamics of detected morbidity in the populations of Siberia and the Far East]. AB - The authors have demonstrated the existence of linear correlation between the complex of three factors (the number of beds and psychiatrists in hospitals and outpatient clinics) and incidence rate (over a period of 16 years) of neuroses in 11 administrative areas, epilepsy, in 12 areas, psychoses, in 15, oligophrenia, in 17, alcoholism and schizophrenia in all 18 areas of Siberia and the Far East. Correlations of each of the three factors with the morbidity rate varied within a wide range in relation to both administrative areas and individual diseases. The authors draw attention to the importance of supplementing the growth of resources of psychiatric service with new forms and methods of work. PMID- 3213321 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics of mental diseases in one of the regions of western Siberia]. AB - Clinical and epidemiological investigations of mentally ill patients in old and new cities of northern Tyumen Province have revealed a substantial and peculiar impact of demographic dynamics on the indices of hospital dynamics. Thus, the schizophrenia morbidity appeared more than threefold lower in fast-developing cities (Nizhnevartovsk, Surgut, Nefteiugansk) compared to the old ones (Tobolsk, Tyumen). In the former group of cities, the attack form of the disease prevailed. Characteristically, environmental factors played major role in the onset of the disease. The patients were highly adapted in social terms. Alcoholism turned malignant with adaptation disorders progressing rapidly and involving a peculiar type of anosognosia. Alcoholic delirium took shape on the background of an "incomplete" clinical picture of predisposing alcoholism. Adaptation disorders preceded the delirium in which psychotic disorders were colored psycho organically. PMID- 3213322 TI - [Social and occupational adaptation of patients with borderline disorders of endogenous-organic origin at a large industrial enterprise]. AB - The authors examined 287 patients who developed neurosis-like and psychopathy like disorders 1-15 years after the experienced exogenous organic diseases (brain traumas, vascular diseases and infectious-toxic diseases). In the assessment of adaptation under conditions of a large industrial enterprise the factors under consideration were: the patient's attitude to his fellow workers and superiors, participation in social work, the attitude of the fellow-workers and superiors to the patient, etc. Four levels of adaptation were identified: (1) complete stable; (2) incomplete professional; (3) incomplete psychological; (4) incomplete unstable (formal). The level of adaptation and the nature of mental disorders were found to correlate. The elucidated regularities may serve as a basis for elaborating rehabilitative programmes for individual groups of patients. PMID- 3213323 TI - [Hyperventilation syndrome and its clinico-pathogenetic importance in autonomic disorders of a psychogenic nature]. AB - The role of hyperventilation-induced shifts in the pathogenesis of different kinds of autonomic disorders (autonomic paroxysms, syncopal states, allergic signs) was investigated in 156 patients. This role should be considered in therapeutic interventions, especially in respiratory training aimed at correcting the respiratory pattern in order to achieve psychoautonomic stabilization. Distinct pathogenic mechanisms of combined hyperventilation and autonomic disorders are discussed. PMID- 3213325 TI - [Characteristics of autonomic disorders in patients with initial manifestations of atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels]. AB - Autonomic functions were studied in 111 patients with initial stages of the brain blood vessel atherosclerosis. Sympathetic responses prevailed alongside with psychic activation (high level of emotional and personality involvement), electrophysiological activation (baseline alpha-index reduction, its increased responsiveness to functional loads). Psychophysiological activation could be involved in the atherogenesis mechanisms through enhanced hemodynamic shifts, lipid peroxidation and lipid metabolic changes. PMID- 3213324 TI - [The development of autonomic regulation in the virtually healthy human subject]. AB - Healthy subjects underwent the combined psychological, electrophysiological, psychomotor and meteorological investigation at rest and during model activity. The data revealed a psychophysiological response pattern providing a basis for different adaptive behavior in healthy humans. PMID- 3213326 TI - [Suprasegmental autonomic regulation in syringomyelia patients and its alteration during radionuclide therapy]. AB - Limbic-reticular dysfunction due to pathologic rearrangement in functional intracentral relations was evidenced in 85 syringomyelic patients. The dysfunction was initiated by the syringomyelic inflicted focus within the brainstem (syringobulbia) or spinal cord. Displayed were the psychoemotional, unspecific activational and hemodynamic correlates of this pathophysiological phenomenon. This is the first description of the radioactive iodine positive effect on limbic-reticular dysfunction in syringomyelia. PMID- 3213327 TI - [Autonomic nervous system function of alcoholics during acupuncture treatment]. AB - Clinical investigation was performed in 24 male Grade II alcoholics and a control age-matched groups. Autonomic disorders were polymorphic both in cardiovascular and other systems. Corporal-auricular acupuncture changed the autonomic nervous control that was evidenced in 12-13 sessions of electrical acupuncture point measurement. Acupuncture increased the parasympathetic influences. The data reflect the stabilization of adaptive mechanisms which were deteriorated in alcoholic patients. PMID- 3213328 TI - [Clinical picture and pathogenesis of Rulf's purposeful convulsion]. AB - Four RIC patients were subjected to combined clinical neurological, electrophysiological, psychological and biochemical investigation. Besides typical of RIC unilateral tonic convulsions in sudden and unprepared movements, several new clinical features were described including selective psychoclonic and voluntarily elicited convulsions and neurogenic tetany. Additional data point to substantial disorders in the integrative action of the median brain structures. The authors suggest that the disease is based upon the pathologic excitation irradiation from cortex to subcortical and brainstem areas with limbic-reticular dysfunction and secondary neurogenic tetany (with normal blood calcium content) playing the major roles. This notion provides a pathogenic basis for designing the effective therapy. PMID- 3213329 TI - [Neuromuscular reactions to passive movements of the arm in patients with reactive states]. AB - The results of clinical and physiological investigation of motor activity in 30 patients with various forms of reactive states with motor inhibition are discussed. Muscular tone changes and polymorphic neurologic signs were common for all the patients. Electromyography and mechanography revealed muscular dystonia, spasticity, rigidity and different responses to muscle stretching. All pathologic organic-like signs disappeared while clinical conditions of neurotic patients improved, hence, these are regarded as functional in nature. PMID- 3213330 TI - [Correlation of clinico-physiologic indices and the serotonin content of the blood of patients with parkinsonism]. AB - On withdrawal of L-DOPA-containing drugs the blood serotonin content decreased in parkinsonism patients irrespective of form and etiology of the disease. L-DOPA containing drugs caused the blood serotonin levels to rise. Substantial correlations of the blood serotonin levels and clinico-physiologic indices were found mostly in postencephalitic parkinsonism. PMID- 3213332 TI - [Local ultrastructural characteristics of the intracerebral arteries of human fetuses]. AB - In 36 human fetuses (16 to 36 weeks of gestation) the ultrastructure of arterial vessels was investigated in the occipital and parietal hemispheres and midbrain tegmentum. During the antenatal ontogenesis the local features of the vessel wall structure were found, especially in the muscular layer. As it remained more differentiated in midbrain than in forebrain up to the end of gestation, more frequent forebrain stroke localization in infancy seems structurally dependent. PMID- 3213331 TI - [Function of the sympathetico-adrenal system and the acid-base equilibrium in newborn infants with a hypoxic lesion of the central nervous system]. AB - The function of the sympathetic-adrenal system was studied by measuring umbilical cord blood catecholamines in 31 full-term newborns with perinatal asphyxia and evidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and in 20 normal newborns. The results indicate that the full-term newborn responds to asphyxia with graded catecholamine release. The epinephrine concentration in newborns with moderate HIE is lower than in newborns with mild HIE, which may reflect decreased sympathetic-adrenal function due to prolonged asphyxia. Acid-base values in capillary blood and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid were determined in the babies with HIE, with the findings pointing to metabolic acidosis which was more expressed in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 3213333 TI - [The clinical picture and treatment of neuropathies of the trigeminal nerve system]. AB - Neuropathic, stomatological and instrumental examination was performed in 86 patients with trigeminal neuropathies admitted to a specialized dental neurological department. The disease was found clinically heterogeneous, requiring a systemic approach to its treatment based on current knowledge of the disease etiology. PMID- 3213335 TI - [The clinical picture, pathogenesis and intensive therapy of severe forms of alcoholic delirium]. AB - Combined clinical and laboratory investigation of 94 patients provided a basis for classifying the alcoholic delirium into complete and incomplete forms according to its development stereotype and into "wet" and "dry" forms in terms of its somatic, autonomic and neurological disorders. The major role of acid-base balance disorders was revealed and the importance of goal-directed differentiated correction therapy for the rise in efficiency in treating patients with severe alcoholic delirium is stressed. PMID- 3213334 TI - [The isolation syndrome]. AB - In a previously healthy woman aged 36 years with 16% of the skin surface burned, an injection of sombrevin elicited basilar artery thrombosis which manifested in isolation syndrome (IS) with temporary left sight paresis and vertical ocular divergence. Pathological investigation revealed the infarct involving right brain pedicle and pontine paramedian regions. PMID- 3213337 TI - [The classification of autonomic disorders]. AB - This is the first presentation of a new nosologic classification of autonomic disorders based upon their division according to the principle of their segmental vs. suprasegmental origin. Three classes are presented: cerebral and peripheral autonomic disorders, which are subdivided into primary and secondary, and combined autonomic disorders. If any form existed as a separate disease or a syndrome in a primary disease, it is reflected in relevant parts of the classification. Its creation seems expedient from the viewpoint of developing the adequate principles in therapy of autonomic disorders. Above all, this is the treatment of the major disease causing suprasegmental of segmental autonomic disorders. PMID- 3213338 TI - [Pharmacokinetic characteristics of a new drug form of diazepam--sibazon]. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography, UV spectrometry and mass spectrometry have established that tablets of sibazon and seduxen contained equal quantities of pharmacologically active component diazepam. Radioligand assays revealed the diazepam blood serum levels twice as high 30 to 45 min after oral administration of seduxen than those after sibazon intake (p. less than 0.05). These differences were no more detectable after 2 to 3 hours. The pharmacokinetic differences could be accounted for by the properties of constituents. PMID- 3213339 TI - [Anterior metal spondylodesis in injuries of the cervical spine]. PMID- 3213336 TI - [The individual long-term social-work prognosis in paroxysmal schizophrenia (the distribution of predictive criteria in groups of patients with various prognoses)]. AB - Clinical and epidemiologic study of social and labor adaptation was performed in 245 patients with attack-form of schizophrenia lasting over 25 years. In terms of social adaptation, on the 20th year 41.2% of the patients were highly adapted, 35.9% had lower adaptation level, and 22.9% were maladapted. Hereditary, genetic, clinical and environmental factors (a total of 16 variables in 79 positions) were tested as putative predictors. Most of these were shown to have different statistical values and correlation with the prognosis that implies the necessity of individual approach to probabilistic social and labor prognosing based on the parameters accounted. PMID- 3213342 TI - [Late surgical results in severe craniocerebral trauma with foci of brain crushing]. AB - The long-term results of treatment in 130 patients with foci of crushing in the cerebral hemispheres were studied in follow-up periods of 12 months to 12 years. It was established that compensation of the disturbed functions of the central nervous system and the extent of social-occupational adaptation are dependent on the time and volume of the operative intervention, the severity of brain damage, the patients' age, the type and degree of manifestation of the hypertensive dislocation syndrome, and the application of a complex of intensive therapy measures. A higher level of social-occupational adaptation is achieved when the focus of brain destruction is removed within the bounds of the destruction zone and before the development of the dislocation syndrome. PMID- 3213340 TI - [Motor function study in traumatic lesions of the brachial plexus]. AB - The muscular tone of flexors and extensors was studied in dynamics in patients with trauma of the brachial plexus. The study involved measurement of mechanical resistance of a passive limb periodical movements at the elbow joint. The electrogram was registered synchronously with the mechanogram to study the reactions of the agonists and the antagonists. The results made it possible to judge the maintenance of nerve conduction along the efferent and afferent pathways. The method also enabled the authors to determine the degree of disorders and restoration of functioning of the neuro-muscular connections and to reveal the presence of pathological nerve connections which formed as a result of the trauma and interfered with the performance of voluntary movements. The character of the mechanical reaction of the muscles to passive movements allowed judgement of the presence of muscular contractures or stiffness of the joint. PMID- 3213341 TI - [Surgical treatment of meningioma of the falx-tentorial angle]. PMID- 3213343 TI - [Polarographic evaluation of extra-intracranial microvascular anastomoses in the early postoperative period]. AB - Dynamic recording of the brain oxygen level by means of polarography during test with clamping of the superficial temporal artery in the early postoperative period in patients with an extra-intracranial microvascular anastomosis (EICMA) makes it possible to judge whether the anastomosis in patient or occluded. Patent anastomoses were marked by two types of changes occurring on the polarograms in clamping of the donor artery of the anastomosis. They reflect the relations between the EICMA and the natural channels of the collateral blood supply of the brain, correlate to a great measure with the localization of the occluding lesions in the cerebral vessels, and allow the efficacy of the operative intervention to be predicted. PMID- 3213344 TI - [Participation of the lymphatic system in cerebrospinal fluid drainage in intracranial hypertension (experimental research)]. AB - Two series of experiments were conducted on 17 mongrel dogs to investigate the participation of the lymphatic system of the head neck in drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): in increase of intracranial pressure (ICP) to 500 mm water column in the first series, and in ICP of 1,000 mm water column in the second series. 131I-labelled albumin was used as the indicator, which was added to the artificial CSF to increase the ICP. It was established that the lymphatic system of the head and neck takes part in CSF resorption which is most manifest in higher levels of intracranial hypertension. PMID- 3213345 TI - [Pneumocephalus as a complication of osteoma of the frontal sinus]. PMID- 3213346 TI - [Congenital spinal cord hernia at the level of the first thoracic vertebra]. PMID- 3213348 TI - [Endoscopic anatomy of acute temporo-tentorial herniation]. PMID- 3213347 TI - [A case of a double-layer epidural hematoma]. PMID- 3213349 TI - [The removal of brain tumors using an ultrasonic aspirator]. PMID- 3213351 TI - [Reconstructive operations on the biliary and pancreatic ducts]. PMID- 3213350 TI - [Anatomical validation of the size and location of the trephination opening in the surgical treatment of traumatic intracranial hematoma]. AB - The internal configuration of the skull in the fronto-parietal-temporal region was examined in 40 victims of extracranial pathology. Among them were 22 brachycephalics, 8 mesocephalics, and 10 dolichocephalics. A flattened part of the vault of the skull was revealed in the parieto-temporal area and its size depended little on the shape of the skull. The size of this part of the skull was measured and found to be 61 X 72 mm in males and 60 X 67 mm in females. The advantage of forming the trephination window within the boundaries of the flattened part of the vault of the skull is shown. PMID- 3213352 TI - [Experience in the treatment of echinococcosis of the kidney]. PMID- 3213353 TI - [Joint transfixation]. PMID- 3213355 TI - [Case report of an enormous ovarian cyst]. PMID- 3213354 TI - [Teratoma in the thyroid area in a neonate]. PMID- 3213356 TI - [Lymphangioleiomyomatosis of the lungs as a cause of spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax (case report)]. PMID- 3213357 TI - [High atresia of the anus and rectum--our approach]. PMID- 3213358 TI - [The medial gastrocnemius flap in the reconstruction of skin defects of the lower legs]. PMID- 3213360 TI - [Treatment of combined injuries of the blood vessels and bones in the extremities]. PMID- 3213359 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic rupture of the spleen]. PMID- 3213361 TI - [Rupture of the biceps tendon]. PMID- 3213362 TI - [Actinomycosis of the liver]. PMID- 3213363 TI - Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery. AB - Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery is not well known in Scandinavia. Several hundred cases have been reported world-wide, but none from Finland. We presume the annual incidence in Finland to be at least 20-30 cases, nearly all of which remain undiagnosed. Our experience of 12 cases indicates that the typical patient is a middle-aged man who after strenuous physical exertion suffers a transient ischemic attack or progressing stroke. Manifestations may include ipsilateral incomplete Horner's syndrome and facial or cervical pain. The diagnosis is based on angiography and verified from repeat angiograms. The most typical finding is an extracranial stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Irregular expansion, double lumen and aneurysmal dilation are also fairly common. The stenotic area usually recanalizes in a few months. Nonsurgical management is recommended. Prompt diagnosis and adequate heparinization with simultaneous start of oral anticoagulation seem to give the best final result. PMID- 3213364 TI - Peripheral arterial embolectomy, risks and results. AB - Embolectomy of the extremities was performed on 221 patients (263 emboli) with median age 77 years. The upper extremity was affected in 21% of cases. No correlation was found between the time from onset of symptoms to embolectomy and the amputation rate. There were 81 deaths (37%) within a month of operation. The mortality rate was significantly higher (47%) among the patients who were already in hospital when embolism occurred and also when the embolism was associated with myocardial infarction (68%). Among patients given oral anticoagulants postoperatively the perioperative mortality was 5%, compared with 51% without such medication. Patient age, concomitant coronary artery disease and oral anticoagulant treatment were factors independently influencing morbidity during the first postoperative month. The 5-year survival rate was also significantly heightened by anticoagulant treatment (43 vs. 12%). Data concerning amputation rate, perioperative mortality and long-term survival in relation to oral anticoagulant treatment must be cautiously interpreted. Prospective trials are required to answer some of the questions. PMID- 3213365 TI - Surgical treatment of cavernous hemangioma of the liver. AB - Cavernous hemangioma of the liver was surgically treated in six men and two women, mean age 58 (51-63) years during a 37-year period. The size of hemangioma averaged 10 (5-15) cm. It was single in all cases and situated in the right liver lobe in seven. The indications for operation were suspected abdominal tumor or hepatic metastases in five cases, enlargement of previously known hemangioma in two, and spontaneous rupture of cavernous hemangioma with massive intra-abdominal bleeding in one case (emergency laparotomy). The operations comprised two right lobectomies, one left lobectomy, three atypical resections of the right liver lobe and two sublobar resections. The course after the elective operations was uneventful, but the patient with ruptured hemangioma died intraoperatively due to myocardial fibrillation after performance of right lobectomy. Although elective surgical treatment of cavernous hemangioma of the liver is safe, the natural history in most cases probably is benign and indications for surgery should be restrictive. PMID- 3213366 TI - Relationship between gallbladder histopathology and ability to concentrate biliary lipids and bilirubin. A study on gallstone patients with functioning gallbladder. AB - Biliary lipids and bilirubin were measured in hepatic and gallbladder bile obtained at routine cholecystectomy in 35 gallstone patients. The gallbladders had opacified at cholecystography and the cystic ducts were patent at operation. The histologic changes in the gallbladder wall were evaluated by an independent pathologist. Increasing abnormality of the gallbladder wall was shown to be associated with reduced gallbladder contents/hepatic bile ratio of biliary lipids and of bilirubin. The concentrating function of the human gallbladder thus appears to be impaired in proportion to the severity of histologic lesions in its wall. Taken together with earlier findings in vitro, this relationship suggests impaired absorption of electrolytes and water by the gallbladder mucosa, or diffusion of biliary constituents from the lumen of the inflamed gallbladder. PMID- 3213367 TI - Appendicitis and enterobiasis in children. AB - The importance of Enterobius vermicularis in the pathogenesis of appendicitis is not known. The authors found Enterobius in 38 (12.5%) of 303 appendices removed from children. No evidence was obtained for a pathogenic effect of the parasite in appendicitis: Negative laparotomy was significantly more common in the infested group than in the other children. The findings support the theory that E. vermicularis can cause symptoms resembling true appendicitis viz. appendicopathia oxyurica. PMID- 3213368 TI - Rupture of renal arterial aneurysm in pregnancy. Case report. AB - The case is described of a patient at term of her second pregnancy with spontaneous rupture of a renal arterial aneurysm, successfully delivered by caesarean section with primary repair of the renal artery. Sixteen cases have previously been reported, but only one was dealt with in a similar way. The literature is reviewed and the aetiology of pregnancy-related arterial aneurysm is discussed. PMID- 3213369 TI - Cancer of aberrant pancreas in jejunum. Case report. AB - One case of cancer originating in aberrant pancreatic tissue is presented. The literature is reviewed and the case is believed to be the first described located in the jejunum. PMID- 3213370 TI - Splenic arteriovenous fistula. Case report. AB - A case of splenic arteriovenous fistula is reported. Two types of this anomaly are known--the more common, true, arteriovenous fistula, and a fistula between the arterial system and the portal venous system. In the present case the second, very rare, type developed after a motorcar accident. PMID- 3213371 TI - Idiopathic megacolon presenting with fatal inferior vena caval obstruction and colonic perforation. Case report. AB - A 73-year-old woman with chronic constipation and associated megarectum and megacolon presented as an emergency with colonic perforation, inferior vena caval obstruction and urinary retention. Soon after admission the patient sustained a massive feculent vomit and died. Intractable constipation demands referral for further investigation, if similarly neglected cases are to be avoided. Idiopathic megacolon presenting in this way has not been previously reported. PMID- 3213372 TI - Sigmoid mesocolic hernia. Case report. AB - Internal abdominal hernias are uncommon. A case of sigmoid mesocolic hernia involving cystadenoma of the uterine adnexa is described. Symptoms from internal hernias are vague and uncharacteristic. Most cases are diagnosed at laparotomy for ileus. PMID- 3213373 TI - Spontaneous rupture of renal oncocytoma with acute abdomen. Case report. AB - A unique case of spontaneous rupture of a renal oncocytoma presenting with hemorrhagic shock and acute abdomen is reported. PMID- 3213374 TI - [10th symposium of the Study Group on Osteology. 16-17 October 1986, Vienna. Abstracts]. PMID- 3213375 TI - [Behavior of hemodynamics and catecholamines in patients undergoing excision of pheochromocytoma]. AB - In order to investigate the relation between catecholamine output and haemodynamics, 13 patients aged between 16 and 62 years, who were operated for active pheochromocytoma, were investigated. Patients had general anesthesia employing muscle relaxants, artificial ventilation with nitrous oxide/oxygen and predominantly intravenous analgetics. Before surgery 9 patients had increased norepinephrine blood levels and only 6 patients increased epinephrine levels. Intraoperatively an increase in pulse rate and blood pressure was found, although alpha- and beta-blockers were employed. At this time there was a massively increased level of epinephrine and norepinephrine, both however decreasing at the conclusion of surgery going along with a normalisation of cardial parameters. Comparing norepinephrine to cardiovascular parameters, the best correlation could be found between norepinephrine and mean arterial pressure, followed by total catecholamines and mean arterial pressure. Heart rate showed a smaller correlation coefficient to norepinephrine, followed by norepinephrine and total peripheral resistance. It is concluded that invasive haemodynamic monitoring helps to differentiate between haemodynamic disturbances and to improve the cardiovascular management, although direct relations between blood catecholamine levels and circular vascular parameters could not be found. PMID- 3213377 TI - [Preoperative diagnosis of suspected pheochromocytoma--retrospective assessment of diagnostic criteria]. AB - A retrospective analysis of clinical laboratory and imaging diagnostic criteria of pheochromocytoma was performed over a period of 2 years in 80 patients (17 with surgically proven pheochromocytomas) and yielded the following results: Clinical symptoms are not very characteristic and do not allow the diagnosis. The best diagnostic criterian was the determination of the excretion of norepinephrine and especially of epinephrine in repeated urine samples (90% correct positive, 5% false positive). The diagnostic value of plasma catecholamine concentrations is less because of a wide scatter in both, healthy subjects and patients with pheochromocytoma. The determination of dopamin as well as the clonidintest do not seem to be helpful in the diagnosis. More than 90% of our pheochromocytomas are detected by sonography or computer tomography. The MiBG scans seem to be helpful with, however, some false negative cares. PMID- 3213376 TI - [Falipamil for decreasing intraoperative heart rate in pheochromocytoma]. AB - In 4 patients (2 males, 2 females), aged between 16 and 62 years, who had surgery for pheochromocytoma, the effects of Falipamil, a compound with selective negative chronotropic action, was tested. This drug, which is a slow calcium channel blocking agent, was administered during the period of massive endogenous catecholamine output caused by tumor mobilisation; the influence on mean arterial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, central venous pressure and cardiac index as well as catecholamines was investigated. When the pulse rate exceeded 100 beats per minute in the course of surgical preparation, 2 mg/kg BW Falipamil were administered as in i.v. bolus dose. Epinephrine and norepinephrine were determined before and 5 minutes after Falipamil administration in one patient. The effect of this bolus dose was a significant decrease in heart rate. There was also a moderate decrease in mean arterial pressure and cardiac index, with was probably caused by pretreatment with alpha- and beta-blockers prior to surgery, whereas central venous pressure and pulmonary artery pressure remained unchanged. Norepinephrine increased, epinephrine decreased. These findings lead us to conclude that Falipamil is a valuable adjunct to control circulation in patients with high catecholamines. PMID- 3213378 TI - [Problems and results of reinterventions on the adrenal gland]. AB - 109 cases of surgery on the adrenal glands are reported. 8 cases (7.3%) were reoperated because of relapse. This was Cushing's disease in 5 cases, malignant neuroblastoma in 2 cases and benign pheochromocytoma in 1 case. Only the latter and 1 with Cushing's disease were cured. Reoperation revealed carcinoma in 3 cases of Cushing's disease, though microscopic examination did not show malignancy in the specimen taken at the first operation. In another case microscopic examination again failed to show malignancy, but the patient died from her metastases. 2 cases of malignant neuroblastoma were reoperated for palliation. PMID- 3213379 TI - [Intraoperative measurement of radiation dosage following 123-iodine meta iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in surgical therapy of metastatic pheochromocytoma]. AB - We investigated whether preoperative injection of 123-Jod-MIBG might be useful for intraoperative staging of chromaffine tumor cells. This was performed in a 46 year old patient in whome the diagnosis of a malignant pheochromocytoma had been established by 123-Jod-MIBG image and in catacholamine secretion. The rational for intraoperative staging of this patient was a discrepancy between computer tomography (CT) and the radio nuclide imagine. Intraoperative the tumor mass was identified with an activity of 10 x 10(4) Imp/sec as compared to normal tissue (15 x 10(2). A lymph node metastasis was found to be identified only by prior MIBG imagine and not by CT scanning. We thus conclude that intraoperative employment of this single probe measurement method might help to identify chromaffine tumor cells that have not been located fully by CT. PMID- 3213380 TI - [Malignant aldosteronoma in the differential diagnosis of Conn syndrome]. AB - Primary aldosteronism-characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis--is caused by benign adenomata or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in most cases. Aldosterone producing carcinomata of the adrenal cortex are very rare tumors. As the histological classification is difficult, the diagnosis is often drawn from tumor size, very high levels of plasma aldosterone, severe hypokalemia and malignant behaviour. The prognosis is very poor: Overall median and 5 year survival rate from diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma are 14 months and 24%. PMID- 3213381 TI - [Chemotherapy of malignant adrenal gland tumors]. AB - Adrenal carcinomas constitute very rare diseases. In the case of adrenocortical carcinoma, cytostatic drugs can be used for palliation of symptoms, whereas no clearly effective cytostatic preparations have been found for the treatment of malignant pheochromocytoma. Radiotherapy can be used in both instances for the palliation of symptoms. PMID- 3213382 TI - [Peculiarities in the diagnosis and surgical therapy of hormone inactive adrenal gland tumors]. AB - 24 patients with adrenal disease were operated between September 1st 1985 and April 30th 1987. 13 of them showed nonhormonal adrenal tumors. Specialities of differential diagnosis and therapy of nonhormonal adrenal masses are described. PMID- 3213384 TI - Comparison of mother and father interaction with term and preterm infants. PMID- 3213383 TI - [Treatment of pheochromocytoma: changes in diagnosis and therapy]. AB - Evident progress has been made in the treatment of pheochromocytoma. The results of hormone analysis became very accurate, the method for tumor localisation are non invasive and safe: with 131-I-MIBG, ultrasonography and CT-scan an exact preoperative localisation is possible without serious risks. Patients are prepared for the operation with alpha- and beta-blocking agents. Modern methods of anaesthesia with continuous monitoring of blood pressure, pulmonary pressure and cardiac output and a standardized operative procedure are essential. From 1965 to 1987 71 patients with a total of 87 catecholamine producing tumors have been operated. In all cases a transabdominal access was chosen. Biadrenal tumors were removed in 8 patients, multiple (7) tumors in 2 patients. The comparison of the 2 time intervals 1965 to 1976 and 1977 to 1987 showed a significant decrease of serious intra- and postoperative complications. Surgical specimens of 36 patients with pheochromocytoma were used for immunohistologic evaluation. Marked positivity was found in 44% of cases for calcitonin. The reaction for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was positive in 28% of cases. Somatostatin was not detected in any case, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in all cases. 6 patients with malignant pheochromocytoma were treated with high doses of 131-I-MIBG, 4 other patients received a combined chemotherapy. PMID- 3213385 TI - The nurse practitioner and primary health care in the inner city. PMID- 3213386 TI - Nursing education for the future: report of round-table discussion. PMID- 3213387 TI - Continuous-flow apneic ventilation with small endobronchial catheters. AB - This study compares gas exchange and hemodynamic parameters during bronchial insufflation with two different internal diameter (ID) catheters (2.5 and 1.4 mm) at a constant mean gas exit velocity. Anesthetized, paralyzed dogs were instrumented to monitor arterial, central venous, and airway pressures, blood gases, temperature, ECG, and ventilated using continuous flow apneic ventilation (CFAV) via 2.5-mm or 1.4-mm ID bronchial insufflation catheters positioned 1.25 bronchial diameter units (BDU) beyond the carina. Initially, flow was adjusted to provide adequate oxygenation and ventilation through the 2.5-mm ID catheters. After a 30-min stabilization, physiological parameters were recorded and the mean gas exit velocity was calculated. The 2.5-mm ID insufflation catheters were then replaced by 1.4-mm ID catheters and the bronchial insufflation flow adjusted so as to produce the same mean gas exit velocity as for the 2.5-mm ID catheters. After a 30-min stabilization period, physiological parameters were again recorded. No significant differences were noted in arterial, central venous, or airway pressures, temperature, heart rate, pH, PaCO2, and PaO2 between the 2.5-mm and 1.4-mm ID bronchial insufflation catheters. However, significantly less bronchial insufflation flow (69.7%) was required to maintain oxygenation and ventilation for the 1.4-mm ID bronchial insufflation catheters. PMID- 3213388 TI - Influence of age on the dose-response relationship of atracurium in paediatric patients. AB - To assess the influence of age on the dose-response relationship of atracurium in paediatric patients during thiopental-fentanyl-N2O-O2-anaesthesia, we studied 85 patients from neonates to adolescents. Each patient was given two doses of atracurium: following the maximum EMG response to the first dose of 150 micrograms/kg, an individual second dose was given, to produce exactly 95% neuromuscular block. The onset time of atracurium (time from administration to maximum effect) was shortest in neonates (2.6 min) and infants (3.3 min) and longest in adolescents (5.5 min) (P less than 0.01). The dose-response curves were parallel in all patients aged 3 months or older. The ED95 of atracurium was comparable for neonates and infants (226 micrograms/kg). This was 28% less than the ED95 for patients aged 1 year or older (316 micrograms/kg) (P less than 0.01). The results explain the slightly longer-lasting neuromuscular block in infants as compared to children following a constant atracurium dose in micrograms/kg. The great individual variability of the neuromuscular response, however, indicates that neuromuscular monitoring is essential in paediatric patients. PMID- 3213389 TI - Hepatic drug disposition in multiple organ failure. AB - In 15 patients with multiple organ failure of septic etiology, some principal partial hepatic functions of drug disposition were measured by the test substances galactose, indocyanine green, theophylline and 4-methylumbelliferon. Glucuronidation was not impaired in any case, whereas flow-limited and capacity limited drug elimination can be influenced. Drug monitoring and intense clinical observation seem necessary to improve drug therapy and the outcome of patients with multiple organ failure. PMID- 3213390 TI - Cardiac arrest during anaesthesia. A computer-aided study in 250,543 anaesthetics. AB - With the aid of a computer-based anaesthetic record-keeping system, all cardiac arrests during anaesthesia at the Karolinska Hospital between July 1967 and December 1984 were retrieved. There were a total of 170 cardiac arrests and 250,543 anaesthetics in the data file, which gives an incidence of 6.8 cardiac arrests per 10,000 anaesthetics. Sixty patients died, constituting a mortality of 2.4 per 10,000 anaesthetics: 42 were considered as inevitable deaths (rupture of aortic or cerebral aneurysm, multitrauma, etc.); 13 cases of cardiac arrest were considered as non-anaesthetic, i.e. complications due to surgery and other procedures. Nine of these patients died. 115 cases of cardiac arrest were considered as caused by the anaesthetic and nine of these patients died. Thus mortality caused by anaesthesia was 0.3 per 10,000 anaesthetics. The most common cause of cardiac arrest due to anaesthesia was hypoxia because of ventilatory problems (27 patients), postsuccinylcholine asystole (23 patients) and post induction hypotension (14 patients). The highest mortality was seen when spinal or epidural anaesthetics were given to patients with impaired physical status including hypovolaemia. The incidence of cardiac arrest has declined considerably during the period studied, and this coincides with an increasing number of qualified anaesthetists employed in the department during the same period. PMID- 3213391 TI - Inactivation of exogenous surfactant in experimental respiratory failure induced by hyperoxia. AB - Adult guinea pigs were exposed to 100% oxygen until, after 54-85 h, they developed severe respiratory insufficiency. One subgroup of animals was ventilated artificially with 100% oxygen for an additional 60-960 min. When the PaO2 was less than 15 kPa or the PaCO2 greater than 20 kPa, 1 ml of porcine surfactant (phospholipid concentration 80 mg.ml-1) was instilled via the trachea. These animals were ventilated for one more hour and then sacrificed. Surfactant instillation did not improve the blood gases, nor the pulmonary pressure-volume characteristics. All hyperoxia-exposed guinea pigs showed prominent histologic lung lesions, including intraalveolar edema and desquamation of airway epithelium. Compared to normal guinea pigs the volume density of intraalveolar "gas" was decreased and that of intraalveolar fluid increased. The alveolar expansion pattern in histologic sections was not improved in the surfactant treated animals, compared to hyperoxia-exposed guinea pigs studied immediately after death. In hyperoxia-exposed animals, about 1.5 ml of edema fluid was sampled from the airways. Evaluated with pulsating bubble, our surfactant preparation had a minimum surface tension (gamma min) close to zero. However, the gamma min values of edema fluid from surfactant-treated and nontreated guinea pigs were both about 20 mN.m-1. the edema fluid thus seemed to inhibit the essential physical properties of exogenous surfactant. This, together with the prominent lung lesions, may explain the failure of surfactant replacement therapy at a late stage of hyperoxia-induced respiratory failure. PMID- 3213392 TI - Local anaesthesia efficacy: discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo studies. AB - Electrophysiological studies on isolated nerves have been used extensively in the past to assess the comparative efficiency of local anaesthetics as agents of peripheral nerve blockade. It is shown here that three closely related amide local anaesthetics behave differently in vitro and in vivo. In terms of onset of action and of maximum suppression of the evoked action potential, mepivacaine proved a less efficient anaesthetic than lidocaine or prilocaine on isolated nerves, but in parallel studies on the sciatic nerve of live animals and in the absence of vasoconstrictors: (a) mepivacaine's potency was superior to that of the other two agents, (b) its speed of onset of anaesthetic action was at least as good and (c) its duration of action was found to be considerably longer. These results, in combination with the physical properties of the anaesthetics examined, favour differential ionization as the cause of the reduced performance of mepivacaine in the nerve bath. Thus, studies on isolated nerves, which are often quoted in the pharmacological literature, can be poor guides to the in vivo comparative efficacy of local anaesthetics. PMID- 3213393 TI - Calcium, magnesium and phosphate during and after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass without temperature correction of acid base status. AB - The plasma concentration variations of calcium, magnesium and phosphate were studied in ten patients during and after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) without temperature correction of acid base status. During the study, pH remained stable, but all the other studied components varied significantly (P less than 0.001). At the start of CPB, the mean ionized calcium concentration increased 25%, and magnesium and phosphate decreased 29% and 40%, respectively, from their control values. At the end of blood cooling, ionized calcium was still 11% above its initial value, magnesium 50% above, and phosphate 39% below. Before weaning from CPB, ionized calcium remained 10% above its initial level, magnesium 41% above, and phosphate 26% below. After CPB, the different divalent ions returned to their initial levels within 1 h for ionized calcium, 6 h for phosphate and 9 h for magnesium. One day post-CPB, ionized calcium was at its start level, magnesium 13% lower, and phosphate 36% higher. During cardiac surgery, the acid base regulation without temperature correction (so-called "alpha stat mode") avoided the appearance of carbon dioxide acidosis. There were widespread disturbances of the divalent ions concentrations, due principally to the different fluids used during CPB, pump priming fluids and cardioplegic solution. PMID- 3213394 TI - Prediction of severe postoperative complications in patients admitted to neuroanaesthesia. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify factors which will predict the risk of severe postoperative complications in individual patients in a neurosurgical unit. Eleven risk factors were investigated in 363 neurosurgical patients, of whom 40 (11%) developed postoperative complications requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 24 h in an intensive care unit, 16 were found to be severely disabled or in a vegetative state at follow-up 1 month after admission, and 28 patients died. By applying stepwise, logistic regression analysis to the patient's data, we were able to select two significant risk variables, i.e. the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 8 or less preoperatively and emergency anaesthesia. The presence of GCS 8 or less on the consciousness scale was associated with postoperative complications in approximately 40% of the cases. Emergency patients with severe neurological damage had the greatest risk of postoperative complications (93%). Fatal outcome for patients with postoperative complications was seen in 40% of the cases. PMID- 3213395 TI - Continuous measurement of pulmonary gas exchange during general anaesthesia in man. AB - We report a system for the continuous measurement of oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) during open-circuit anaesthesia. Gas concentrations were measured by a mass-spectrometer, and expired flow by a pneumotachograph. The values measured by the system were compared in vitro to values produced by a nitrogen-dilution technique. Excellent correlations were found. Continuous measurements were performed in 21 patients anaesthetized for abdominal surgery. Compared to pure intravenous anaesthesia (flunitrazepam-fentanyl), anaesthesia including the administration of nitrous oxide or nitrous oxide and halothane led to more pronounced and sustained decreases in VO2 and core temperature, with a better cardiovascular stability. Two hours postoperatively, VO2 was not different from preoperative values. After a transient increase at the onset of anaesthesia, the respiratory exchange ratio (VCO2/VO2) returned to preoperative values, and then remained subsequently unchanged. Based on these observations, the system described provides an accurate approach to noninvasively monitoring the pulmonary gas exchange in the operating room. PMID- 3213396 TI - Postoperative cerebrovascular accidents in general surgery. AB - In a prospective study of postoperative complications, strokes occurred in 6 out of 2463 patients (0.2%) who underwent non-cardiac, non-carotid artery surgery. The patients who experienced cerebrovascular accidents, including three cases of transient ischemic attack, were significantly older than the rest of the group (mean age 79 years versus 65 years) and had manifestations of atherosclerosis in at least one organ preoperatively. Significant predictors of risk for postoperative cerebrovascular accidents were previous cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and hypertension. Cerebrovascular accidents occurred late in the postoperative period, 5-26 days after surgery, and were not directly related to surgery and anesthesia. They were more frequent after acute than after elective operations. Precipitating factors for some of the stroke incidents were rapid atrial fibrillation and postoperative dehydration. PMID- 3213398 TI - Suggestion under controlled surgical anesthesia. PMID- 3213397 TI - Laryngospasm-induced pulmonary oedema. AB - A case of pulmonary oedema following laryngospasm in a healthy young woman is reported. Laryngospasm occurred following surgery and was treated with positive pressure oxygen ventilation by mask and by deepening of the level of anaesthesia. The rest of anaesthesia was uneventful. During the following hour, spontaneous respiration deteriorated progressively and ended in manifest pulmonary oedema which was treated by endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation with PEEP for some hours. PMID- 3213399 TI - Disruption of sustentacular (Sertoli) cell tight junctions and regression of spermatogenesis in vitamin-A-deficient rats. AB - The relationship between the intactness of sustentacular (Sertoli) cell tight junctions and the status of spermatogenesis was examined in rats fed a vitamin-A deficient diet after weaning (VAD rats). Both serum and testicular retinol concentrations of the VAD rats declined to a nadir by 80 days of age. At this time, it was observed that Sertoli cell tight junctions of the VAD animals were intact and complete spermatogenesis was maintained. Leakage in Sertoli cell tight junctions, as demonstrated by the presence of lanthanum in the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium, was first observed in 90-day-old VAD rats. Severe regression of spermatogenic cells was noted in 100-day or older VAD animals. These results suggest that severe germ cell loss observed during chronic vitamin A deficiency may result from abnormal intratubular environment due to the disruption of the blood-testis barrier. PMID- 3213400 TI - Histology of the caprine hemal node. AB - Caprine hemal nodes were studied by light microscopy after glutaraldehyde fixation and epoxy resin embedding. A node consisted of a capsule, subcapsular and other sinuses, cortex, medulla and hilus. Elements of circulating blood filled the interstices of the reticular meshwork and associated macrophages which traversed the lumina of subcapsular and medullary sinuses. The latter were rare in 1-month-old goats, progressively increased in number and size in 2- to 4-month old goats and coalesced with each other and the subcapsular sinus in adult animals. The cortical tissue appeared as lymphoid nodules. Circumferential lymphatic vessels abutted on outer margins of the nodules and gave origin to several radial lymphatics which branched and anastomosed between the medullary blood sinuses. Medullary cords were organized around the radial lymphatics. A single efferent lymphatic was formed at the hilum by confluence of the radial lymphatics. Our study, in contrast to earlier reports, shows that caprine hemal nodes possess efferent lymphatics. The present data suggest that the hemal nodes are involved, in addition to classical functions, in blood storage by hemoconcentration. PMID- 3213401 TI - Microcirculation of the coronary band of the equine hoof. AB - Scanning-electron-microscopic examination of corrosion casts was used to investigate the microcirculation of the coronary border of the equine hoof. Numerous peg-shaped capillary plexuses derived from arterioles extended distally from the dorsal branches of the digital arteries parallel to the hoof wall. The plexuses varied in length and consisted of a fine network of interconnected capillaries that converged to join a centrally situated venule. These centrally situated venules within the papillary plexuses gave rise to a vast venous plexus deep to the coronary band. PMID- 3213403 TI - Mechanoreceptors in the human medial meniscus. AB - Medial menisci, obtained at autopsy, were sectioned into radial segments which were stained in bulk using a modified gold chloride method following pretreatment with Triton X-100. Segments were then sectioned on a sliding microtome at 100 microns, mounted on slides, dehydrated and coverslipped. Axons were seen penetrating from the perimeniscal tissue into the outer third of the meniscus with a heavier concentration at the horns. Neural elements were identified in the perimeniscal tissue and in the outer and middle thirds of the meniscus, but not in the inner third. The medial meniscus is capable of afferent input to the central nervous system of importance to the biomechanical function of the joint. PMID- 3213402 TI - Comparative anatomical study of arteriographs of the hand of primates. Deep palmar arterial arches and their correlating arteries in cercopithecidae, pongidae and hominidae. AB - A three-dimensional angiographic analysis of the deep palmar arterial arches and their correlating arteries in Cercopithecidae, Pongidae and Hominidae revealed the following features. In Cercopithecidae, 3 deep palmar arches are formed by the perforating branches of the 2nd dorsal metacarpal artery: 2 proximal arches (the catella volaris proximalis and the arcus volaris profundus) and 1 distal arch (the catella volaris distalis). The intermetacarpal arteries arise from the catella volaris proximalis and the palmar metacarpal arteries arise from the arcus volaris profundus. In Pongidae, the arches are formed by the perforating branches of the 1st dorsal metacarpal artery, and they are composed of only the catella volaris proximalis and catella volaris distalis. In Hominidae, the arches are formed by the perforating branches of the 1st dorsal metacarpal artery, and they consist of the arcus volaris profundus and an incomplete catella volaris distalis. PMID- 3213404 TI - Development and growth of palatal rugae in the mouse. AB - Palatal rugae began to develop in the mouse, before the elevation of the palatal shelves, as localized regions of epithelial proliferation and thickening. Subsequently, fibroblasts and collagen fibres accumulated in the connective tissue subjacent to the thickened epithelium and later assumed a distinctive orientation, the fibres running anteroposteriorly within the core and in concentric curves across the base of each ruga. The role of collagen in rugal morphogenesis was examined after inhibiting its formation by feeding the lathyritic agent beta-aminopropionitrile to pregnant females. This substance markedly affected the eventual height of the rugae at birth, confirming the importance of collagen in rugal development. PMID- 3213405 TI - Autoradiographic investigation of effects of high-dose colchicine on dentinogenesis in rat incisors. AB - Twelve female Wistar rats received 1.5 mg/kg of colchicine (CLC) intravenously. Control animals were similarly injected with isotonic saline solution. The animals were killed 5 h, 24 h, 3 days and 7 days after injection. Ninety minutes prior to sacrifice, all animals received an intraperitoneal injection of 3H proline. Autoradiograms of maxillary incisors showed that CLC increased the retention of the labeled precursor in the odontoblasts. It was also shown that the odontoblasts in the different sectors of the rat incisor present different sensitivities to the CLC action. PMID- 3213406 TI - Craniofacial growth in apert syndrome as measured by finite-element scaling analysis. AB - A new tool for the study of biological form change is applied in a comparison of craniofacial growth in normal children and those affected with Apert syndrome. Using finite-element scaling analysis, the magnitude of size change during postnatal growth in the Apert sample was determined to be generally less than normal, and the magnitude of shape change was generally greater than normal. No consistent, statistically significant, alteration from normal growth was defined in the Apert sample, however. There appears to be no consistent effect on general cell and tissue proliferation in Apert syndrome. Rather, specific subpopulations of cells and tissues may be affected differentially over time. PMID- 3213407 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of lymph node innervation in the rat. AB - The morphological analysis of nerves in axillary lymph nodes of the rat revealed the presence of two types of axon possessing either a more or a less electron lucent matrix. The more electron-lucent axons enter the node finely myelinated, do not contain synaptic vesicles and quickly divide to form branches approaching the basement membranes of blood vessels, as well as cellular elements. They may be interpreted as sensory axons. The less electron-lucent axons are unmyelinated, and contain three distinct populations of synaptic vesicles. These may all be present in one axonal varicosity, so that the existence of cotransmitters is highly probable. PMID- 3213408 TI - Cellular heterogeneity and insulin-like growth factor I immunoreactivity among epiphysial growth plate chondrocytes in the pig. AB - The localization of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, also called somatomedin C) production in porcine epiphysial growth plates of the distal humerus was studied by immunohistochemistry. Counterstaining with Alcian blue-van Gieson demonstrated two cell types (blue and red cells) in the germinal (reserve), proliferating and hypertrophic zones; only those chondrocytes of the proliferative and hypertrophic zones that stained red were also immunoreactive to the antibody to IGF-I. The results indicate that there exists a functional heterogeneity among the chondrocytes of both the proliferative and hypertrophic zones of growth cartilage and that IGF-I is locally produced in only the red cells of these zones. Because the red cells of the germinal zone were not immunoreactive, the results suggest that the red cells of the germinal zone and the red cells of the proliferative and hypertrophic zones are also functionally distinct. PMID- 3213409 TI - The collateral ligaments of the knee joint in the cat and man. Morphological and functional study of the internal arrangement of fibers. AB - The present investigation of fiber arrangement in the collateral ligaments of the knee was carried out in cats and man in various positions of flexion and extension, without compression load. In all knee joint positions, the fibers of the collateral ligaments are twisted except for the fibers in the meniscal part of the medial collateral ligament which have a parallel arrangement. Furthermore, most of the fibers in the collateral ligaments are taut in all positions of the knee joint in both cat and man. By means of planar models representing different fiber arrangements, the kinematic behavior of the collateral ligaments was analyzed. It appears that a crossed (twisted) arrangement of the fibers is most effective in rotatory movements, whereas a parallel orientation is most effective in translation. Our data further indicate that, in measuring the changes in lengths of ligaments during joint motion, one cannot neglect the internal arrangement of fibers and the geometry of the articular surfaces and menisci. PMID- 3213410 TI - Effects of hypergravity environment of the ultrastructure of the golden hamster parathyroid gland. AB - The fine structure of the parathyroid glands of golden hamsters exposed to 2, 5 or 10 g environment for 5 h was studied. In the centrifuged hamsters, many secretory granules are located in a peripheral position just beneath the plasma membrane of chief cells, and the Golgi complexes and cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum are significantly increased compared with those of control animals. There are no significant differences between the control and centrifuged animals with regard to secretory granules, large secretory granules, lysosomes, vacuolar bodies and lipid droplets. These findings suggest that the secretory activity of the parathyroid gland may be stimulated in response to hypergravity environment. PMID- 3213411 TI - Microvasculature of the feline renal medulla. AB - The microvascular pattern of the feline renal medulla was studied by scanning electron microscopy using corrosion casts. At the corticomedullary junction, numerous efferent arterioles were observed giving rise to peritubular capillary plexuses and arteriole rectae. Considerable differences in vessel diameters were seen. Arteriolae rectae coursed around interlobar veins before returning to the corticomedullary area, as venulae rectae. Diffuse capillary papillary plexuses were seen protruding into the renal pelvis. PMID- 3213412 TI - New synapses associated with the granule-containing cells of rat sympathetic ganglia. AB - The synapses of the rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion were studied with both conventional and ultrastructural histochemical methods. Besides the cholinergic synapses polarized from preganglionic fibers to sympathetic ganglion neurons, two morphologically and functionally different types of synapses were observed in relation to the small granule-containing (catecholamine-containing) cells of the rat superior cervical ganglion. The first type is an efferent adrenergic synapse polarized from granule-containing cells to the dendrites of the sympathetic ganglion neurons. This type of synapse might mediate the inhibitory effects (slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials) induced by catecholamines on the sympathetic neurons. The second type is a reciprocal type of synapse between the granule-containing cells and the cholinergic preganglionic fibers. Through such synapses, these cells could exert a modulating effect on the excitatory preganglionic fibers. Therefore, we propose that these cells, through their multiple synaptic connections, exhibit a local modulatory feedback system in the rat sympathetic ganglia and may serve as interneurons between the preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic neurons. PMID- 3213413 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of parathyroid hormone in hamster parathyroid gland. AB - The immunocytochemical localization of parathyroid hormone was examined in the hamster parathyroid gland by using the protein A-gold technique. Protein A-gold particles were concentrated over secretory granules, large secretory granules thought to be storage granules and Golgi vacuoles. No protein A-gold particles were detected over large vacuolar bodies and cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3213414 TI - Quantitative and morphometric parameters determining the development of the supraoptic nucleus in the albino rat. AB - The principal part of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the rat presents specific developmental factors. The parameters selected for their evaluation were volume of the SON, neuronal number and neuronal density. White Wistar rats of the age of 18, 19, 20, 22 and 23 intrauterine days, 15 days and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 30 months were chosen for this study. The rat brains were fixed, cut into 10-micron thick sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The different measurements were carried out with a semiautomatic IBAS I image analyzer. In all stages of the rat life, an increase in volume and a decrease in neuronal density per surface unit could be observed, but there was a difference in the dynamics of these changes depending on the stage in which the parameters were determined. There were two periods in the life of the rat in which neuronal death was very significant. The first was between the embryonic and juvenile stage and the second between the adult and senile stage. The increase in the volume influences predominantly the value of neuronal density. PMID- 3213415 TI - Aberrant cutaneous nerve of the thigh arising from the sciatic nerve in the human. AB - An aberrant cutaneous nerve of the thigh arising from the peroneal portion of the human sciatic nerve or common peroneal nerve was observed in 9 cases (4.6% of sides). After giving a branch to the short head of the biceps femoris muscle and a branch to the knee joint, this cutaneous nerve reaches the subcutaneous tissue by passing between the short head of the biceps femoris and the vastus lateralis or by piercing through the biceps femoris. The authors presume that the cutaneous nerve shows the presence of the potential cutaneous nerve routes from the common peroneal nerve to the skin of the lateral aspect of the thigh. PMID- 3213416 TI - Ultrastructural identification of calbindin-D28k-immunoreactive cells in the rat superficial pineal body. AB - The vitamin-D-dependent calcium-binding protein, calbindin-D28k, was detected immunocytochemically in the majority of pericapillary pinealocytes of the rat superficial pineal body. The interstitial cells were calbindin-negative. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3213417 TI - Degeneration of adrenergic nerves in the gall-bladder of cholecystitis patients. AB - The adrenergic innervation of the gall-bladder of healthy persons and patients suffering from cholecystitis has been studied following fluorescence histochemical methods. The normal gall-bladder is moderately innervated by adrenergic nerve fibres. Fine nerve fibres have been observed in the lamina propria, fibromuscularis and serosa. Catecholamine-containing fluorescent cells have been observed at different sites and their possible role as chemoreceptors and their endocrine nature have been reaffirmed. Adrenergic nerve fibres show signs of degeneration in cholecystitis as is evidenced by swelling of the nerve fibres and enhanced intensity of fluorescence in fluorescent cells. PMID- 3213418 TI - Histological, histometrical and fluoride electrode studies of the effects of fluoride on the mandibular condyles in growing newborn rats. AB - The effects of fluoride on the mandibular condyles in growing newborn rats were studied by histological, histometrical and fluoride electrode methods. The layer of cartilage of the mandibular condyle in the animals administered 5, 15, 25 and 35 mg/kg of fluoride for 3 weeks displayed a significant increase in thickness when compared with that of the mandibular condyle in the control animals. The thickening of the cartilage layer was proportioned to the amounts of fluoride administered. The volumetric density of cancellous bone of the condyle in the animals administered 25 and 35 mg/kg of fluoride also increased significantly when compared with that of the condyle in the control animals. The trabeculae of cancellous bone of the condyle in these animals contained large amounts of osteoid. The cancellous bone of the condyle in the animals of the four fluoride groups showed a significantly higher fluoride concentration when compared with that of the condyle in the control animals. The fluoride concentration proportionally increased with the amounts of fluoride administered. The results of the present study indicate that the morphologic changes and the fluoride concentrations in the mandibular condyles of rats receiving fluoride were closely correlated with each other. PMID- 3213419 TI - Changes in nucleolar morphology during human macrophage development: a morphometric study. AB - Morphometric methods were used to study the nucleolar ultrastructure during the development of human blood monocytes into macrophages in suspension culture. Nucleolar volume (Vn), surface area (Sn), volume fraction within the nucleus (VVn), surface-to-volume ratio [(S/V)n] and number of nucleolar profiles per section were measured in 20 healthy adults over a 6-day period, and the results examined using multivariate and univariate analyses of variance. Highly significant increases in Vn, Sn and VVn occurred, with no significant change in the number of nucleolar profiles per section; (S/V)n decreased during culture; no significant differences were found between male and female subjects. These nucleolar changes would be consistent with an increased protein synthesis during macrophage development. The results provide quantitative data against which changes in nucleolar morphology during macrophage development in disease states may be assessed. PMID- 3213420 TI - Light and electron microscopy of fetal rabbit skin with special reference to the role of mesenchymal cells in epidermal differentiation. AB - Fetal rabbit skin between 10 and 26 days of gestation was observed by light and electron microscopy. The present study indicates that rapid epidermal differentiation, including the epidermal downgrowths as primordia of the hair follicles, is induced by aggregation of mesenchymal cells associated with growing capillaries beneath the epidermis. In addition, the transformation of these mesenchymal cells to vasoformative cells for rapid capillary growth is further evidenced by this study. Glycogen-storing cells in the periderm are most numerous between 15 and 18 days of gestation, but disappear almost completely by 20 days when a capillary network develops beneath the epidermis. This may imply an active involvement of the periderm in glucose uptake from the amniotic fluid during early developmental stages of the skin. PMID- 3213421 TI - Topography and identification of the parathyroid glands in the calf. AB - There is considerable controversy in the literature concerning the topography of the parathyroid glands in the calf. In the present study, the position of the parathyroids III (external parathyroids) and of the parathyroids IV (internal parathyroids) was examined in 25 young calves, 10 veal calves and 5 adult oxen. Detailed data for the recognition and the collection of these glands are provided. The parathyroids III are well suited for removal in a fresh state, since they can readily be located. They are situated medial to the carotid bifurcation and ventrolateral to the vagus nerve, where the latter gives off the cranial laryngeal nerve. In all young calves and in most veal calves, they lie embedded in the sub-basilar portion of the thymus, from which they can usually be differentiated easily by their color. However, they should not be confused with lymph nodes and hemal nodes, which are located in the neighborhood. Light microscopical substantiation is therefore advisable. The parathyroids IV are not suited for collection, since they cannot be distinguished macroscopically from the adjacent thyroid gland. PMID- 3213422 TI - Intrahepatic ramification of the portal vein in the right and caudate lobes of the liver. AB - We defined the subsegmental divisions and the ramification patterns of the portal vein in the right and caudate lobes using 25 human liver casts. The ramifications of the portal vein and the subdivisions of the liver were classified based on the major portal veins with the largest diameter and those having a diameter of not less than two thirds of the largest vein in each subsegment. The following results were obtained. (1) The portal trunk showed three ramification patterns and the basic pattern was bifurcation (80%). (2) The anterior portal vein first ramified into several anterior-inferior portal veins (P5) and ran toward the superior direction to bifurcate into 2 major portal veins in the anterior superior subsegment (S8). (3) There were three types of ramification patterns of the portal veins in S8: bifurcation (84%), trifurcation and one-pedicle type. (4) There were also three branching types of the largest vein (P5-max) in P5: ramification from the anterior portal vein, P8-anterior vein supplying the anterior region of S8 and P8-posterior vein supplying the posterior region of S8. (5) The posterior portal vein showed two ramification patterns of the bifurcation (36%) and nonbifurcation type. (6) The major portal veins in the caudate subsegment ramified at various sites such as the portal trunk, left, right and/or other portal veins. PMID- 3213423 TI - Effects of starvation on the parathyroid glands in golden hamsters of different ages, with special reference to the frequency of lipid droplets. AB - The frequency of lipid droplets in the parathyroid glands of young, adult and senile golden hamsters after starvation was investigated. In the parathyroid glands of the young and senile golden hamsters, the number of lipid droplets increased to reach a peak by 2 days, then decreased slowly by 5 days after starvation, and decreased rapidly after refeeding. In the glands of adult animals it increased to reach a peak by 5 days after starvation and decreased rapidly after refeeding. These findings suggest that in the fasting condition there is a relationship between the number of lipid droplets and aging. PMID- 3213424 TI - Abnormal neuronal distribution within the cerebral cortex after prenatal methylmercury intoxication. AB - C57BL/6J mice were poisoned with methylmercury during pregnancy, and the location of heavily labeled neurons generated at embryonic day 16 was determined by tritiated thymidine autoradiography of the cerebral cortex of offspring at postnatal day 10. Camera lucida plotting of the distribution of radioactively labeled cortical neurons revealed statistically significant differences between control and methylmercury-treated groups. While control animals showed regular and tight packing of labeled neurons within the upper part of the cortical layer II, in methylmercury-treated animals such neurons were irregularly distributed throughout cortical layers II and III. Short-term intermittent and long-term low dosage regimens of intoxication produced similar results. These findings support the hypothesis that prenatal methylmercury poisoning results in abnormal neuronal migration and anomalous cortical cytoarchitectonic patterning within the developing brain and provide a possible morphological basis for some of the neurobehavioral abnormalities that may be observed in association with sublethal prenatal intoxication in humans. PMID- 3213425 TI - Nerve cell injury in the brain of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The brain lesions in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) are characterized by multifocal microvascular and spongy-cystic parenchymal alterations particularly in the gray matter. An essential feature of the lesions is the presence of edema with massive extravasation of plasma constituents as evidenced by specific gravity measurements, Evans blue technique and immunohistochemistry. The nerve cell injury occurring in the brain lesions in SHRSP is further characterized by light and electron microscopy in the present study. Two types of neuronal changes were seen within the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage sites. A small number of neurons with dark condensed nucleus and cytoplasm were found most often at the periphery of recent lesions. The majority of injured neurons were pale and showed intracellular edema confined to the dendrites and perikarya sparing axons and synapses. Their nuclei were well preserved with finely dispersed chromatin. The swollen and watery cell processes of neurons and astrocytes gave a spongy appearance to the neuropil. The intracellular edema seemed to result in cytolysis. The results suggest that primary anoxia-ischemia is not the major pathogenetic mechanism behind the nerve cell injury in severely hypertensive SHRSP, rather it is the massive BBB leakage and consequent brain edema that causes cytolytic destruction of neurons. Secondary focal ischemia as a consequence of occlusion in microvessels may, however, contribute to the nerve cell destruction. PMID- 3213426 TI - Effects of free radicals on permeability and vasomotor response of cerebral vessels. AB - To obtain further evidence on the role of free radicals as mediators of secondary brain damage, blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and vasomotor response of pial vessels were studied during cortical superfusion of a free radical-generating system of xanthine-oxidase (XO) and hypoxanthine (HX). Intravenously administered Na+-fluorescein (mol. wt. 376), or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (mol. wt. 62,000) served as low- and high-molecular weight BBB indicators. Since undialyzed XO considerably increased the osmolarity of artificial cerebrospinal fluid, XO was subjected to equilibrium dialysis, which did not affect enzyme activity. Cortical superfusion with either HX (4 mM) or dialyzed XO alone (0.5 U/ml; osmolarity, 310 mosmol/l) did not induce a vasomotor response. Cortical superfusion with the free radical-generating system under normotonic conditions (HX plus dialyzed XO), led to moderate arterial dilation only with a maximum of +13%. The venous diameters remained unaffected. Moderate extravasation of the low molecular weight indicator Na+-fluorescein was seen in only 33% of the experiments, leakage of FITC-dextran was never observed. To assess the role of hypertonicity of the superfusate, the same experiments were performed with undialyzed XO. When superfusing the cortex with undialyzed XO (0.5 U/ml; osmolarity, 420 mosmol/l), the pial arteries dilated to 146%-168% of normal. Similarly, simultaneous superfusion with undialyzed XO (0.25 U/ml) and HX (2 mM) elicited arterial dilatation to 161%-178% of normal. Even the pial veins were significantly dilated to 108% of normal. In this series a moderate extravasation of Na+-fluorescein occurred in 75%, with leakage of FITC-dextran in 25%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213427 TI - Does the pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma exist? Problems in the application of immunological techniques to the classification of brain tumors. AB - A case of a fibrous xanthomatous tumor of the meninges is reported. This is a rare tumor of childhood in which the characteristic pleomorphic histology contrasts with the good clinical prognosis. These tumors were reclassified as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) due to their glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positivity. In the present tumor, GFAP was absent from nearly all cell bodies in most of the leptomeningeal regions of the tumor but could be detected with greater frequency at the cortical-leptomeningeal border zones and in the areas in which the tumor had infiltrated the cortex. All the tumor cells expressed vimentin and in, addition, most expressed alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, common leukocyte antigen, and OKM1. This spectrum of marker staining corresponded not only to the pattern observed in two cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas and one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, but also to the results previously published in the literature with regard to fibrohistiocytic tumors. By contrast, this spectrum of monocytic histiocytic marker staining was not seen in gliomas. We, therefore, regard the PXA as a mesenchymal tumor of the meninges, identical to benign fibrous histiocytomas elsewhere in the body. The possible reasons why this mesenchymal tumor can show GFAP positivity in the leptomeningeal border zone are discussed. PMID- 3213429 TI - The microvascular architecture of human malignant glioma. A scanning electron microscopic study of a vascular cast. AB - The three-dimensional microvascular architecture of human glioma was investigated. The results of the study, the first of its kind, suggested that the process of vascularization in glioma is based on two patterns. In a large proportion of the glioma, one pattern is similar to the vascularization observed in normal developing fetal and newborn rat brain, while in a small proportion of the glioma, another pattern including complicated vascular protrusion and spiral running, is seen. PMID- 3213428 TI - Morphological lesions in the brain preceding the development of postischemic seizures. AB - This study explores how hyperglycemia and enhanced tissue lactic acidosis influence the density and distribution of ischemic brain damage. Ischemia of 10 min duration was produced in glucose-infused rats by bilateral carotid clamping combined with hypotension, and the brains were perfusion-fixed with formaldehyde following recirculation of 3, 6, 12 and 18 h. After about 24 h the hyperglycemic animals developed seizures, and at that time two groups were added, one fixed prior to, and one after the onset of seizures. Similar experiments were made on normoglycemic animals with recirculation times of 1.5 to 96 h. After fixation the brains were embedded in paraffin, subserially sectioned and stained with celestine blue/acid fuchsin. In both normo- and hyperglycemic animals, neurons in the dentate hilus of the hippocampal formation and in the thalamic lateral reticular nucleus showed early and dense neuronal necrosis. In neocortex, hippocampal CA1 sector and caudoputamen, hyperglycemia shortened the delay before damage occurred and markedly enhanced the damage. Specific for the hyperglycemic animals was damage of the substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNPR), manifest already at the earliest recovery periods studied; this finding is discussed in relationship to the role SNPR is assumed to play in preventing spread of seizure discharge. PMID- 3213430 TI - Comparison of spongiform lesions in experimental scrapie and rabies in skunks. AB - Striped skunks were inoculated intracerebrally with the scrapie agent (suspension of brain from a naturally infected Suffolk sheep) or intramuscularly with street rabies virus (suspension of salivary glands from naturally infected skunks). Those given the scrapie agent developed clinical signs of weakness, posterior ataxia, and emaciation after incubated periods of 8 to 23 months. Those inoculated with rabies virus developed clinical signs of rabies (aggressive behavior, hyperexcitability, ataxia and paralysis) after incubation periods of 20 to 62 days. The gross lesions in the brains of the skunks given the scrapie agent consisted of marked atrophy of the thalamus and moderate atrophy of the cerebrum. No gross lesions occurred in the rabid skunks. Histologically, the type of spongiform lesion in rabies was the same as that in scrapie. However, spongiform change of rabies infected brains was less extensive (only rarely affected the basal ganglia, hippocampus or hypothalamus) than that of brains infected with the scrapie agent and was characterized by fewer numbers of small vacuoles (as a proportion of total number of vacuoles) than occurred in scrapie spongiform change. PMID- 3213431 TI - Mononuclear cell infiltrate and HLA-DR expression in low grade astrocytomas. An immunohistological study of 23 cases. AB - Frozen samples from 23 low grade (grade I and II) astrocytomas were studied by means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to macrophages, lymphocytes (and their subsets) and HLA-DR antigens. Macrophages were present in low to moderate numbers in 38%-86% of cases, the variance in figures depending on the antibody used. T lymphocytes, the majority of CD8 phenotype, were detected in low numbers in 78% of tumours. B lymphocytes were scanty in 22% (5/22) and totally absent in the remaining cases. HLA-DR antigen was expressed by tumour cells in 35% (6/17) of cases. These findings indicate that in some low grade astrocytomas there is a mononuclear cell infiltrate with macrophages and secondarily CD8+ lymphocytes playing the major role. The significance of these findings remains speculative at present. PMID- 3213432 TI - Marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis in chickens: alterations in brain density. AB - The presence of brain edema and its distribution in Marek's disease virus (MDV) induced transient paralysis (TP) was determined in genetically resistant and susceptible inbred White Leghorn chickens. Density measurements on samples from the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, optic chiasm, and optic lobe were determined on continuous density Percoll gradients. At 9 days post inoculation of MDV, the cerebellums from the susceptible line of chickens were significantly less dense than cerebellums from the resistant line or the controls of either line. The cerebellar edema, as measured by tissue density, coincided with the transient neurological symptoms and was not present in brain tissue from clinically recovered TP birds. PMID- 3213433 TI - Allometry of the perivascular spaces of the putamen in aging. AB - The equation of simple allometry was used to study the relative growths of the diameters of the perivascular spaces (PSs), the diameters of the arterial vessels and their wall thicknesses in specimens of the putamen from 24 subjects aged 62 to 90 years. Our findings supported the view that the diameters of the PSs were mainly related to the dimensions of their arteries, especially in the elderly, and that they grew isometrically with arterial diameters. In addition, the diameters of the PSs were basically independent of age. PMID- 3213434 TI - Lesions akin to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in the brains of rats inoculated with immature cerebellum. Their significance in the aetiology of these diseases. AB - Fourteen BD IX rats were inoculated intracerebrally with a homogenate prepared from the immature cerebellar cortex of 10-day-old rats, when synaptogenesis is at its peak in this species. Eight controls were inoculated with mature cerebellar cortex. Transient ultrastructural changes were observed between 2 and 23 weeks' incubation in those animals which had received an inoculum of immature cerebellum. These changes pointed to a re-activation of embryonic or neo-natal growth mechanisms and were identical to those occurring in kuru-inoculated spider monkeys. With longer incubation histopathological lesions such as intracytoplasmic vacuolation, chromatolysis and neuronophagia appeared in neurons of the brain stem reticular formation. Such features are common in all the spongiform encephalopathies. All controls were negative. It is suggested that the transmissible agent in these diseases might be the factor which influences the various stages of normal neuronal maturation. A hypothesis is developed which would reconcile the "infectious" character of these diseases with a genetic factor and explain the "unconventional" behaviour of the agent as well as the mode of its transmission. PMID- 3213435 TI - Ultrastructural findings in citrullinaemia in Holstein-Friesian calves. AB - Ultrastructural findings in the brains and livers of four calves affected with citrullinaemia due to a hereditary deficiency of the urea cycle enzyme arginosuccinate synthetase are described. The calves were affected in the 1st week of life with severe neurological disease characterised by depression, head pressing, stupor, convulsions and coma, accompanied by marked elevation of plasma citrulline and increasing plasma ammonia levels. Lesions included mild to moderate diffuse astroglial oedema in the cerebrocortical grey matter, and mild to severe hepatocellular hydropic change. The onset of the severe neurological signs was correlated with increasing levels of plasma ammonia, and the cerebral lesions were considered consistent with a bovine hyperammonaemic encephalopathy. PMID- 3213436 TI - Evidence for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the brain in a patient with aplastic anemia. AB - A young female patient with a long history of intravenous drug abuse died after a fulminant course of aplastic anemia. At postmortem examination, she was found to have multinucleate giant cells and immunocytochemical evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the central nervous system. This case raises the possibility that HIV infection contributed to the patient's aplastic anemia, and suggests that HIV-associated giant cells might be found retrospectively or prospectively within the brains of patients who die of conditions other than those narrowly defined as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC). It furthermore emphasizes that HIV infection of the nervous system is not necessarily accompanied by clinically apparent neurological disease. PMID- 3213437 TI - Association of functional state of stomatognathic system with mobility of cervical spine and neck muscle tenderness. AB - Clinical signs of craniomandibular disorder, the mobility of the cervical spine, and neck-shoulder muscle tenderness were assessed or measured in a nonpatient sample of 57 and a patient sample of 76 subjects. Examinations performed after a 1-year interval showed that the frequency of signs of craniomandibular disorder had remained virtually unchanged. The functional state of the stomatognathic system was significantly associated with both mobility of the cervical spine and neck-shoulder muscle tenderness. PMID- 3213438 TI - Periodontal awareness, health, and treatment need in dental school patients. II. Periodontal conditions. AB - The present study aimed to evaluate the periodontal conditions in a group of randomly selected patients scheduled for periodontal treatment in a dental school. The patients' age, sex, and responses to interview questions were used as predictors. About 64% of the lateral tooth surfaces had visible plaque after disclosure with erythrosine, and males had significantly more plaque-covered surfaces than females. All subjects had some areas showing 'bleeding on probing', and a total of 58% of the gingival units bled. About 99% of the subjects, 61% of the teeth, and 33% of the gingival sites had probing depths greater than or equal to 4 mm, whereas 70% of the subjects, 19% of the teeth, and 8% of the gingival sites had probing depths greater than or equal to 6 mm. Mean individual bone score for the 'Ramfjord teeth' was 5.60. Yearly dental visitors tended to keep their teeth to a greater extent than patients with a less regular treatment pattern. This is probably because irregular and emergency patients more often ask for extraction instead of restorative treatment. Since periodontal treatment usually is not offered, the periodontal conditions in the three regularity groups were not considerably different. PMID- 3213439 TI - Flexural strength and internal defects of some dental porcelains. AB - The flexural strength, number (n), size, and form of pores in seven different dental porcelains were examined. The flexural strength was approximately 100 MPa for the core materials for metal bonding, 116 MPa for traditional alumina porcelains (NBK 1000, Vitadur N), 150 MPa for two new high-alumina porcelains (Vita Hi Ceram, Cerestore), and 240 MPa for a castable glass (Dicor). The mean pore diameter was approximately 10 microns in all porcelains except Dicor, but with a large and varying range. Dicor showed a mean pore size of 1 micron. The pore density varied from 36.5/mm2 in one of the porcelains for metal bonding to 4367/mm2 in Cerestore. The mean cross-sectional area occupied by pores was below 10% for most porcelains except Vitadur N and Cerestore, showing 17.5% and 32.5%, respectively. No correlation was found between flexural strength and frequency or cross-sectional area of pores of the various products. PMID- 3213440 TI - Conference on Calcium Fluoride-like Minerals on Enamel. Groningen, The Netherlands, 21 and 22 April 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3213441 TI - Kinetics of dissolution and growth of calcium fluoride and effects of phosphate. AB - The rate of growth of pure calcium fluoride crystals is controlled by a surface polynuclear mechanism when the supersaturation is less than 4.4. The surface free energy is found to be 120 mJ/m2. The dissolution process is also controlled by a surface process. Both of these processes are very strongly inhibited by phosphate ions. Calcium fluoride-like materials contaminated with phosphate are formed when calcium fluoride is precipitated in phosphate-containing solutions or suspensions. The physical and chemical properties of these materials have been investigated and compared with the corresponding properties of pure calcium fluoride. The former dissolve much faster than pure calcium fluoride in solutions containing phosphate, but an inhibitory effect is still shown. It is suggested that the calcium fluoride-like material formed on dental enamel during treatment of enamel with acidified solutions of high fluoride content is a phosphate containing calcium fluoride. PMID- 3213443 TI - Dissolution of calcium fluoride in human saliva. AB - The dissolution behavior of calcium fluoride in saliva was investigated. Chemically pure calcium fluoride (200 mg) was equilibrated in 10 ml of either saliva or distilled water for 3 weeks or repeatedly exposed, at 15-min intervals, to 10 ml of fresh solutions of saliva, distilled water, or phosphate- or calcium containing solutions. Calcium fluoride dissolved more readily in water than in saliva. The study confirmed that exposure to saliva caused formation of a dissolution-limiting layer and that this layer consists of surface-adsorbed phosphates and showed in addition that the dissolution rate was continuously reduced with time of exposure to saliva or phosphate buffer. Calcium fluoride like material, formed on enamel by treatment with 2% NaF solution, was shown by scanning electron microscopy to have higher stability in saliva than in water after 3 weeks' incubation. PMID- 3213442 TI - 'Calcium fluoride-like' material formed in partially demineralized human enamel in vivo owing to the action of fluoridated toothpastes. AB - In this paper are presented the results of a chemical analysis of partially demineralized enamel lesions positioned under plaque in vivo for 3 weeks. During the experimental period the samples were brushed with fluoridated or non fluoridated toothpaste systems. After the experiment the fluoride and protein uptake was determined. Furthermore, KOH extractions of the lesions were carried out and the solutions analyzed for calcium, fluoride, and phosphate. The results show that 'CaF2-like' material is most likely formed inside lesions during the in vivo period. This in indicated from chemical analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM observations. The amount of CaF2-like material is on the order of 0.1 wt% if we consider its formation all over the enamel lesions, or 1 wt% if we assume its formation in interprismatic regions of the enamel only. About 40% of the fluoride taken up from toothpaste systems is in the form of CaF2-like material. In vivo there is a substantial influx of proteins (approximately 0.3%) and also a very large influx of phosphate ions. The effect of CaF2-like material is most likely strongly dependent on conditions in the lesion, such as pH change. PMID- 3213444 TI - Alkali solubility of calcium fluoride pre-exposed to inorganic orthophosphate at pH 6.8. AB - The dissolution behavior in 1 M KOH solution of calcium fluoride which had been pre-exposed to inorganic orthophosphate at pH 6.8 was investigated. Chemically pure calcium fluoride (50 mg) was incubated in 5 ml of 2 mmol/l sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, for 24 h or 120 h and subsequently incubated in 5 ml 1 M KOH for 24h. Control samples were incubated in distilled water before KOH exposure. Pre treatment with phosphate caused a significantly reduced dissolution rate of calcium fluoride in alkali. Longer exposure to phosphate resulted in further reduction of the dissolution rate in alkali. Calcium fluoride formed on teeth in vitro and in vivo will always be exposed to phosphate. The alkali method thus has limitations because calcium fluoride that has been exposed to phosphate will be underestimated. PMID- 3213445 TI - Degradation of surface enamel and formation of precipitates after topical applications of sodium fluoride solutions in vitro. AB - After topical treatment of enamel pieces cut from bovine incisors, the chemical composition of the solution phases and of the topmost layers of enamel were determined by special techniques of elemental and surface analysis. Fluoride seems to degrade surface enamel when applied in acidic and neutral solutions. Calcium remains immobile on the enamel surfaces, whereas phosphate goes into solution. When treated with acidic solutions (0.05-0.5 mol/l fluoride), a calcium fluoride-rich phase is precipitated on the enamel surfaces. PMID- 3213446 TI - 19F MAS-NMR and solution chemical characterization of the reactions of fluoride with hydroxyapatite and powdered enamel. AB - Solution chemical and 19F magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) methods have been utilized to study the effects of fluoride dose, fluoridating pH, and mineral surface area on the dynamics of fluoride reactivity with hydroxyapatite and powdered human dental enamel in vitro. Both solution chemical fluoride uptake and NMR measurements demonstrated that the reaction products of ionic fluoride with apatite include mixtures of FAP, FHAP, and CaF2, with increased amounts of CaF2 promoted by increased F concentration or decreased pH. NMR analysis showed FAP or FHAP as a reaction product of fluoride uptake under all conditions, regardless of whether CaF2 was formed, unambiguously demonstrating fluorite as an additive rather than substitute form of F reactivity. pH stat measurements demonstrated the release of OH- during F reactivity with apatites corresponding to ion exchange formation of FAP/FHAP or dissolution/reprecipitation formation of CaF2. Phosphate release into solution accompanied fluoride uptake under all conditions, including regions where ion exchange predominated. Whereas powdered dental enamel demonstrated fluoride uptake behavior similar to that of synthetic apatite, the resulting reaction products differed as analyzed by 19F MAS-NMR. PMID- 3213447 TI - The role of 'CaF2-like' material in topical fluoridation of enamel in situ. AB - In this paper the role and importance of 'CaF2-like' material deposited on enamel (Fon) by means of an APF gel and the varnishes Duraphat and Fluor Protector are described and discussed. The amount of Fon, determined by KOH extraction, is a measure of the amount of CaF2-like material on the enamel surface. Fluoride in the enamel (Fin), determined by etching, is the amount of F- bound in the solid enamel. Fon and Fin data are presented after various F- treatments and after wearing enamel slabs in dentures for a period of 1 week. The results of this work show that if we compare the three fluoridating agents, APF gel, Duraphat varnish, and Fluor Protector varnish in situ, only Fluor Protector shows a measurable amount of Fon after 1 week. The amounts of Fon acquired by the enamel surface (one application) rank as APF gel approximately Duraphat much less than Fluor Protector. Most likely, Fon in situ leaches away through the pellicle, with an apparent diffusion coefficient of about 10(-6) cm2.sec-1. The Fin data show that after APF gel or Duraphat treatment a substantial amount of Fin leaches away during 1 week in situ; the Fin values of Fluor Protector do not change. The efficiency of the fluoridating agents is most likely determined by the application period and fluoride availability. For APF gel, Duraphat, and Fluor Protector about 5%, 1%, and 44% of the available fluoride participates in the fluoridation process. CaF2-like globules are known to precipitate after gel or varnish treatment on the enamel surfaces and can be dissolved in KOH solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213448 TI - Subsidence of the femoral component in the noncemented total hip. A roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. AB - Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis was used in the evaluation of subsidence in eight noncemented femoral components of the HP-Garches prosthesis. After 2 years, seven components had subsided 0.6-3.9 mm, i.e., more than observed in some cemented prostheses. No distinct symptoms related to the micromotion appeared. PMID- 3213449 TI - Primary fit of the Lord cementless total hip. A geometric study in cadavers. AB - Two Lord prostheses, bilaterally implanted in cadavers, were sectioned. The contact areas between bone and prosthesis were studied and measured using a specially developed reproducible method. Primary fixation of the femoral components appeared to be based principally on wedging of the prosthetic stem in the femoral shaft with a rather small contact surface. In both acetabuli the screw threads of the rings were only marginally in contact with the acetabular bone. PMID- 3213450 TI - Vascular changes following hip arthroplasty. The femur in goats studied with and without cementation. AB - We studied two groups of 6 adult female African pygmy goats, which received cemented or uncemented femoral endoprostheses in their right hip. One additional goat was used for in vivo angiography preoperatively and postoperatively. The blood supply to the proximal femur at a macroscopic level was not severed by the operation. Until the 6th postoperative week, the animals were killed at weekly intervals. Microangiography and fluorescence microscopy revealed that rapid revascularization of the metaphyseal trabecular bone in the vicinity of the implants occurred as early as the first postoperative week in both groups. However, in general, the revascularization of the bone around the uncemented prostheses occurred more rapidly, resulting in earlier bone remodeling when compared with the cemented group. Surprisingly, the apposition of periosteal bone was longer lasting and more intensive in the uncemented group, particularly at the metaphyseal level. We suggest that this phenomenon may be enhanced by mechanical stimuli; the restoration of function was delayed in the noncemented goats. PMID- 3213451 TI - Screw fixation in the femoral head. Pull-out tests in cadavers. AB - The aim of our study was to determine whether a subchondral or a capital position of the thread of the gliding screw provided the best fixation. A pull-out test was performed on pairs of femoral neck cadaver specimens. The capital position of the thread provided the best fixation in all the pairs. A correlation was found between bone mineral content of the femoral heads and the holding power of the screws in both positions. PMID- 3213452 TI - Fixation of unstable trochanteric hip fractures. A cadaver study comparing three different devices. AB - A four-fragment trochanteric fracture was produced in 24 human cadaver femora. After reduction to anatomic position, the fractures were stabilized by either a Jewett 135 degree nail-plate, a 135 degree Nolok sliding screw-plate without a key, or a 140 degree Hansson pin-plate with an additional trochanteric plate. Using a hip-force simulator, the preparations were subjected to 10,000 loading cycles simulating partial weight bearing, followed by another 10,000 cycles with full weight bearing, while measuring the elastic and permanent fracture displacements. Failure occurred in 3/8 of the Jewett stabilized fractures and in 1/8 each of the Nolok and Hansson stabilized specimens. Each failure was preceded by an increase in elastic tilt and rotation followed by a permanent rotation after which failure occurred as varus angulation of the fracture. Further, two Jewett nails, one Nolok screw, and three Hansson pins showed bending. Due to the controlled telescopic action in the Nolok and Hansson dynamic devices, the resistance to fatigue when subjected to repetitive loadings was increased and thereby a better overall result was achieved when compared with the rigid Jewett nail-plate. To maintain the dynamic function, the strength of the dynamic screw pin must be sufficient to withstand physiologic loadings without bending; otherwise, the telescopic action will be obstructed. PMID- 3213453 TI - Inguinal hernia in patients with congenital dislocation of the hip. A sign of general connective tissue disorder. AB - During a 5-year period, all the children born in Malmo, Sweden, were examined for congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) and for inguinal hernia. Girls with CDH had a hernia five times more frequently than other girls, and boys with CDH three times more frequently. The children with CDH sustained their hernia abnormally early in life. We suggest that relaxin, which stimulates collagenase, could alter the connective tissue and be of importance for the development of both CDH and the hernia. PMID- 3213454 TI - Anterolateral uncoforaminotomy for cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy. AB - Thirty-five patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and myeloradiculopathy had anterolateral uncoforaminotomy. Spondylotic spurs associated with radiculopathy were continuous from the uncovertebral joint to the posterior ridge of the vertebral body in 33 patients and to the posteriorly bulging disc with posterolateral bony spurs in 2 patients. Anterolateral uncoforaminotomy was found safe to remove the continuous type of spur, resulting in decompression of the cord-root complex, which shifted anteriorly after surgery. The outcome was satisfactory in 19 of 20 radiculopathy patients, and in all 15 myeloradiculopathy patients. Decompression of the cord-root complex is the most important factor in relieving neurologic manifestations of cervical spondylosis. PMID- 3213456 TI - Arthrotomography of the unstable shoulder. AB - Thirty-seven patients suffering from clinically verified subluxation of the shoulder joint underwent double-contrast arthrotomography. Sixteen of these patients were operated on, 4 of whom after arthroscopy, and 1 patient had only arthroscopy. Arthrotomography readily revealed lesions of the glenoid labrum, most of them small, and also redundancy of the anterior joint capsule. The method can be recommended in the examination of the glenoid labrum in patients suffering from anterior subluxation of the shoulder. PMID- 3213455 TI - Regeneration after physeal distraction of the radius in sheep. AB - In 18 sheep, gradual physeal distraction of the distal radius was performed by external fixation. Separation of the physis from the metaphysis occurred in all the sheep. Prior to bone formation, collagen fibers were organized according to the direction of the distraction, and lamellar bone was formed if the collagen bundles were lineally organized. In the area where the collagen was disorganized, and also near the periosteum, woven bone was first formed, which was then remodeled into lamellar bone. In some sheep separate groups of chondrocytes were isolated in the metaphyseal area after the distraction. In 2 animals a double physis was formed in the metaphyseal area. This was obviously due to the separation of proliferative chondrocytes in the metaphysis as a result of distraction. After consolidation of the distraction area, this zone of chondrocytes, located in the metaphysis, was still producing new bone 20 weeks postoperatively. PMID- 3213457 TI - Extraarticular repair of the unstable knee. Disappointing 6-year results of the Slocum and Ellison operations. AB - Thirty-nine clinically unstable knees caused by anterior cruciate ligament rupture were evaluated 5-8 years after medial and lateral extraarticular stabilization according to Slocum and Ellison. At the follow-up, 10 knees had been subjected to an intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and one knee was not available for follow-up. The mean Lysholm score for the 28 reexamined knees was 84 out of a maximum of 100 points. Activity scores were generally low, and all the knees had increased anterior drawer instability. The combination of the pes anserinus and lateral extraarticular repair did not give acceptable long-term results. PMID- 3213458 TI - Rupture of the knee capsule from articular hyperpressure. Experiments in cadaver knees. AB - We used 10 cadaver knees to estimate the safe pressure during arthroscopy by measuring the volumes and pressures of irrigation fluid at different flexion angles. Maximum volumes could be contained at 35 degrees of flexion. Pressures of 200 to 450 mmHg were measured, and all the knees ruptured by extension or flexion after they were filled to 100 mmHg at 35 degrees of flexion. Fifty milliliters of irrigation fluid had to be removed if the pressure remained constant when extending from 35 degrees and 70 ml when flexing to 90 degrees. Totally, 100 ml irrigation fluid had to be removed when flexing from 35 degrees to 120 degrees. Our investigation indicates that a pressure of 150 mmHg can be tolerated by all knees. Both flexion and extension from the 35 degrees position must be done gently and slowly using a large bore, wide-open inflow and outflow tubes allowing egress of irrigation fluid to prevent capsular rupture, extravasation of irrigation fluid, vascular compromise, or compartment syndrome. PMID- 3213459 TI - The PCA unicompartmental knee. A 1-4-year comparison of fixation with or without cement. AB - Totally, 93 knees were operated on with the PCA unicompartmental knee for gonarthrosis Stages I-III according to Ahlback. The clinical findings for 84 arthroplasties with 1-4 years' follow-up showed 82 excellent or good results. The mean postoperative flexion was 124 degrees. The position of the tibial component was respectively 86 degrees and 89 degrees in the AP and lateral views. The mechanical axis was slightly undercorrected. There were two failures, both with persistent pain on walking. One failure was among 43 uncemented knees, whereas the other was among the 41 cemented arthroplasties. Four uncemented arthroplasties had a first steps' problem but were satisfactory otherwise. There was no infection or clinical loosening. A reoperation was performed in 1 case, in which a symptomatic osteophyte was removed. When compared with our earlier Marmor series, the PCA unicompartmental arthroplasties were better. The cemented arthroplasties had a somewhat higher frequency of complete pain relief. An uncemented arthroplasty should only be considered in special situations. PMID- 3213460 TI - Epidemiology of distal radius fracture in Stockholm 1981-82. AB - During 1981 and 1982, 1,536 fractures of the distal radius were treated within the catchment area of Sodersjukhuset (Southern Hospital), Stockholm. The age specific incidence did not differ from that of three other Scandinavian investigations, except for women over 75 years of age, among whom the incidence decreased in Stockholm and Oslo and increased in Malmo and Hillerod. Using Frykman's (1967) classification, extraarticular fractures dominated. PMID- 3213461 TI - Femoral shaft fracture in 265 children. Log-normal correlation with age of speed of healing. AB - After exclusion of delayed unions and pseudoarthroses in teenagers, the time required for union of 275 consecutive fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children followed a log-normal pattern with a constant 10 percent coefficient of variation and a geometric mean increasing uniformly by 0.7 weeks per year. Multiple injuries increased, and operative treatment reduced the geometric mean time for fracture healing. PMID- 3213462 TI - A new device for external fixation. AB - Using a ball-and-socket joint model, the optimal mechanical design of a simple universal ball joint was established. The maximum resistive moment was 70-72 Nm for a tightening torque moment of 5 Nm, their ratio being 14. The corresponding ratios for the Hoffmann universal ball joint and Orthofix are 1.0-4.3 and 1.1 1.6, respectively. A complete unilateral frame consists of two ball joints and one square connecting tube. Full-frame behavior under external loads was tested in the three principal planes and in torsion. Compared with a Hoffman quadrilateral system, the new system was four times more rigid in the anteroposterior plane, similar in axial load and lateral bending, and 64 percent more rigid in torsion. PMID- 3213463 TI - The effects of function and fixation stiffness on experimental bone healing. AB - In tibial shaft fractures in the rabbit, the early stage of bone healing after metal-plate fixation was compared with that after treatment with a long or short plaster cast. The animals were killed after 6 weeks. The plate-fixed bones healed more rapidly, with less periosteal callus and less angulation of the fragments, than those treated with a cast. The results indicated that function of the muscles and joints of the injured limb, including weight bearing, promotes bony union, whereas the degree of fixation stiffness is relatively unimportant. PMID- 3213464 TI - Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda. Report of a family with autosomal dominant transmission. AB - We present a clinical and radiographic study of a family with the autosomal dominant form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, in some patients associated with hearing deficiency. Although no causal treatment is possible, correct diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary treatment and for information about prognosis, genetic counseling, and recommendation of future occupation. PMID- 3213465 TI - Two cases of periosteal chondroma. AB - One of our 2 cases of periosteal chondroma of the tibia recurred three times before definitive cure, and required extensive radiographic and histologic evaluation to avoid overinterpreting the malignancy. Our experience confirms that marginal excision should be employed. PMID- 3213466 TI - Extraarticular chondromatosis of the hand. A case report. AB - We present an uncommon case of large nonarticular chondromatosis of the hand. Some of the foci were found to cause compression of the median nerve, the ulnar artery, and also triggering of the third finger. The fourth lumbrical muscle was involved as well. A thorough, but not complete, excision with preservation of the median nerve and ulnar artery was performed. No recurrence was found during 5 years of follow-up. PMID- 3213467 TI - Cortical hyperostosis and prostaglandins. PMID- 3213468 TI - Thrombosis prophylaxis in hip arthroplasty. PMID- 3213469 TI - Articular space discongruencies of the hip. New definition of normality. PMID- 3213470 TI - Intracapsular fractures of the neck of the femur treated with the Thornton nail. PMID- 3213471 TI - [Homolateral fractures of the femoral neck and diaphysis]. PMID- 3213472 TI - [Long-term results of postero-medial release performed in recurrent clubfoot]. PMID- 3213473 TI - [Congenital convex flatfoot. Study of a series of 32 cases]. PMID- 3213474 TI - [Pes adductus. Clinical and radiological criteria, treatment, equipment, surgery]. PMID- 3213475 TI - [The tibia component in pes valgus. Its treatment in children]. PMID- 3213476 TI - [Amputation of the heel in children. The value of medial plantar flaps]. PMID- 3213477 TI - [Study of a continuous series of knee arthroplasties using the Sheehan prosthesis]. PMID- 3213478 TI - [Unicompartmental prosthesis of the knee. Review after more than 5 years apropos of 59 cases]. PMID- 3213479 TI - [Total knee arthroplasty using the Insall-Burstein prosthesis. Study with a minimum of 2 years follow-up]. PMID- 3213480 TI - [Results of cement-free knee prosthesis--Porous Coated Anatomic]. PMID- 3213481 TI - [Circular external fixation using Sequoia instrumentation. Theoretical, technical and clinical bases]. PMID- 3213483 TI - [Correction of angular deformities of the limbs in children using Ilizarov's technic]. PMID- 3213482 TI - [4 years of application of Ilizarov's technic. Technical problems]. PMID- 3213484 TI - [The place of Ilizarov's method in the treatment of septic pseudarthrosis of the long bones]. PMID- 3213485 TI - Meningoencephalitis and cerebral abscess as a complication of the halo device. PMID- 3213486 TI - [Synovial osteochondromatosis of the elbow in a 60-year-old woman]. PMID- 3213487 TI - [Audiological and pedagogical implications of slight perceptual deafness]. AB - Attention is paid to the fact that slight perception hearing losses in children can give behavioral and learning problems in primary school. Children having theses problems should be examined and treated appropriately. It is important to fit a hearing aid, preferably stereophonic. In most cases the problems are resolved within a few months. It is also important that the parents and school teachers are involved in the treatment. Objective information concerning the hearing problem and the use of the hearing aid should be supplied to them. PMID- 3213488 TI - [Early auditory training of children with auditory deficiencies]. AB - The author insists on the importance of an early diagnosis and hearing training of the young deaf child. She shows some aspects of the new possibilities of technology in the approach of the deaf child by hearing- and speech training. PMID- 3213489 TI - [The child with deficient hearing. Medical, educational and sociological aspects]. AB - The child's deafness is better known and better attended nowadays by different medical and chirurgical therapeutics, but also by the patient education of the teachers and parents who devoted themselves and devoted their lives towards the child,--shipwrecked in our world--whom although rescued manifests its own will to overcome the handicap and show itself as an entire human being. The parents' world of deaf children gathered into group with the aim of mutual assistance is scarcely known, even unknown to us. When you enter into it, you are taken by the devotion the assistance, the work, you take notice of the disarray, the sorrow and renew the hope and happiness. Yes, the happiness after a hard-earned victory. PMID- 3213490 TI - [Initial language of deaf children]. PMID- 3213492 TI - Cued speech, manual complement to lipreading, for visual reception of spoken language. Principles, practice and prospects for automation. PMID- 3213491 TI - [Is there such a thing as psychodynamics of deafness?]. AB - A deaf child presents no specific psychologic pattern, but he has to face specifics situations. Some of them are analysed here: his parents mourning after diagnosis, his particular relation to communication and language compared to the situation of a hearing child, his implication in both sign language and oral language. PMID- 3213493 TI - [Cochlear implant in children: posing the problems]. PMID- 3213494 TI - [Cystadenolymphoma of the parotid gland. A study of 40 cases]. AB - A statistical review of 40 cases of adenolymphoma (Whartin's tumor) of the parotid gland is presented. In 10% of the cases, other tumors are found in the same concerned gland. Therefore, the authors perform a subtotal parotidectomy rather than a simple removal of the tumor of a superficial parotidectomy. This policy reduces the risk of facial nerve injury by repeated dissection. PMID- 3213495 TI - [Surgery of the tip of the nose or harmony in 3 acts]. AB - The authors describe the three necessary surgical times to obtain the harmony of the tip in a rhinoplasty procedure. PMID- 3213496 TI - [Evaluation of hearing aid benefits in adults]. PMID- 3213497 TI - [Reconstruction of the hypopharynx using skin flaps: functional and oncological evaluation in 38 cases]. PMID- 3213498 TI - [Laryngeal papillomatosis in childhood: therapeutic course]. PMID- 3213499 TI - [Nasal cytology in the diagnosis of chronic rhinitis in children]. PMID- 3213500 TI - [Meta-tonsillar focal disease and hypersensitivity]. PMID- 3213501 TI - [A modification of the surgical technic in cysts and fistulas of the thyroglossal duct]. PMID- 3213502 TI - [Experience concerning the anatomo-functional maturation of the nasal mucosa in children]. PMID- 3213503 TI - [Otitis media in the neonatal period: tympanometric diagnosis in relation to otoscopy]. PMID- 3213504 TI - [Cervical pathology caused by thymic ectopia]. PMID- 3213505 TI - [Unilateral sensorineural deafness in childhood]. PMID- 3213506 TI - Morphological differences in hearts of rats well adapted and poorly adapted to chronic hypoxia. AB - We carried out an experiment to analyze morphological differences in hearts of rats well adapted and poorly adapted to chronic hypoxia. Male and female Wistar rats, 1 week, 4 weeks and 9 weeks old, were employed on the assumption that adaptive ability was dependent on age and sex. These rats were raised at an altitude of 2,400 m and were kept for 7 to 9 weeks. Control groups were maintained at an altitude of 600 m during the same period of time. Each group consisted of 4 to 6 rats. At the end of the experiment, body weight, heart weight, ratio of heart weight to body weight and hematocrit were measured, and ventricular wall thickness, myocardial fiber diameter, capillary supply and mitochondria were morphometrically studied. Of the 6 experimental groups, the 4 week-old male rats (M2) had the highest body weight, as compared with the other experimental groups. In addition, relative to these other experimental groups, the following features were found for M2. Heart weight was intermediate, heart weight/body weight ratio was low and hematocrit was also low. Ventricular wall thickness was intermediate in the right ventricle (RV) and interventricular septum (IVS) but was thin in the left ventricle (LV). Myocardial fiber diameter was intermediate in the RV, large in the IVS and small in the LV. Capillary supply was intermediate in the RV and dense in the IVS and LV. Mitochondria were small but cristal density and percentage area, estimated from electron micrographs, were found to be high.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213507 TI - Regression of atherosclerosis in normotensive and hypertensive rabbits. A quantitative analysis of cholesterol-induced aortic and coronary lesions with an image-processing system. AB - In the present study we attempted to quantitate the sequential changes occurring in cholesterol-induced aortic and coronary lesions in normotensive and ronovascular hypertensive rabbits, which were placed on a 0.5% cholesterol atherogenic diet for 16 weeks and observed for up to 104 months after withdrawal of the diet. After measuring the degree of surface involvement, a representative longitudinal section covering the whole length of the aorta was obtained, and histometric quantitative analysis was carried out using an image-processing system. Furthermore, ten continuous step-sections of the left coronary artery bed were prepared from each animal, and the degrees of luminal stenosis were estimated in all arterial segments contained. After withdrawal of the cholesterol diet, foam cell lesions of the aorta and coronary artery were gradually replaced by fibromuscular tissue. The hypertensive animals showed a greater degree of smooth muscle cell proliferation. Formation of atheroma occurred almost invariably after cessation of cholesterol feeding, and it was noted that hypertension aggravated the severity and extent of both aortic and coronary atherosclerosis. Upon histometric analysis, evidence of reduction of aortic lesions and significant reversal of luminal narrowing of the coronary artery were observed in normotensive as well as hypertensive animals. These results suggest that, even in hypertensive animals, substantial regression of both aortic and coronary atherosclerosis can be expected after normalization of hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 3213508 TI - Histopathological analysis of surgically resected myocardium in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia. AB - Surgical resection of the endocardium and subendocardium often abolishes sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with old myocarcial infarct (OMI), unknown myocardial disease, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), presumably by interrupting the reentrant pathway. In order to define the morphologic characteristics of histologic components in the reentrant pathway, we carried out histopathological analysis of surgically resected specimens from 17 patients who underwent this procedure. Bundles of apparently viable and hydropic myocardial fibers embedded in dense fibrous and adipose tissues were identified throughout the specimens obtained from OMI, ARVD and idiopathic VT cases. In 3 patients with idiopathic VT, most of the resected areas were composed of ventricular muscle, the components of which appeared histologically similar to Purkinje fibres. In all patients, the abnormal muscle cells were characterized by a loss of contractile elements, hydropic cytoplasm and an elliptic shape. Such an abnormal structure and arrangement of surviving cardiac fibers following tissue injury might play an important role in creating abnormalities of transmembrane potential, leading to the micro-reentrant circuits that give rise to ventricular tachycardias. PMID- 3213509 TI - Adrenocortical carcinoma in infancy. Report of a case with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. AB - A case of adrenocortical carcinoma associated with congenital heart defect in a 6 month-old Japanese girl is reported. A fist-sized tumor was incidentally noted in the right hypochondrium upon admission for cardiac surgery. No clinical endocrinopathy was evident in this case. The resected tumor was encapsulated with smooth surface and no invasion to adjacent tissues or organs was observed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of small cells with granular or clear cytoplasm, and occasional giant cells with single or multiple nuclei. By electron microscopy, the tumor cells showed various nuclear contours with distinct nucleoli and had a moderate amount of cytoplasm containing abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with variable-sized electron-dense granules. Intercellular desmosome-like junctions were observed in some tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells contained granules positive for estriol, progesterone and cortisol. These morphological findings including electron microscopic features suggested that the tumor cells had a malignant character. PMID- 3213511 TI - [The effect of anisodamine on endotoxin-stimulated prostaglandin synthesis by macrophages and endothelial cells]. PMID- 3213510 TI - [In vivo and in vitro antitumor activities of Aclacinomycin A made in China]. PMID- 3213512 TI - [Effects of cinnarizine on rabbit platelet aggregation and experimental cerebral thrombosis in rats]. PMID- 3213513 TI - [Studies on antidotes for organophosphate poisoning synthesis and structure activity relationship of bispyridinium salts]. PMID- 3213514 TI - [Enantiospecific synthesis of 4-O-benzyl derivative of 3-epishikimic acid from D glucose]. PMID- 3213515 TI - [Structural determination of homoharringtonamide]. PMID- 3213516 TI - [Cycleaneonine, a new bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from Cyclea racemosa Oliv]. PMID- 3213517 TI - [Comparison of chemical constituents of essential oils from four species of gaoben (Ligusticum) by GC-MS analysis]. PMID- 3213518 TI - [Preparation and analytical characteristics of lidocaine-selective electrode]. PMID- 3213519 TI - [A preliminary investigation of the linear combination method of absorbances]. PMID- 3213522 TI - [Effects of polydatin on platelet aggregation in rabbits]. PMID- 3213521 TI - [Study on the polymorphic transition of semisynthetic triglycerides of fatty acid suppository bases]. PMID- 3213520 TI - [Reversed phase ion-pair HPLC determination of quaternary ammonium alkaloids in the traditional Chinese drug hou-po (Magnolia officinalis)]. PMID- 3213523 TI - [Determination of cyclosporine in whole blood by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3213524 TI - [Influence of zinc sulfate on myocardial slow response electrical activity and ouabain-induced oscillatory afterpotential]. PMID- 3213525 TI - [The pharmacological activities of musk. II. The anti-inflammatory activity of the active components of musk]. PMID- 3213526 TI - [Isolation and identification of alkaloids from Fritillaria ningguoensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin]. PMID- 3213527 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Zanthoxylum planispinum Sieb. et Zucc]. PMID- 3213528 TI - [Studies on the chemical components of the essential oil from the rhizome of Ligusticum sinense Oliv. cv. Chuanxiong hort]. PMID- 3213529 TI - [Simultaneous determination of fluorouracilum and ethylparaben in polyphase liposomes using Kalman filtering spectrophotometry]. PMID- 3213530 TI - [Determination of the caffeine content in syrup vitamin B1 and glycerophosphate using the first derivative ratio method]. PMID- 3213531 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for prostaglandin F2 alpha and its application]. PMID- 3213532 TI - [Antiarrhythmic effects of bis(dimethyl amino)-diphenyl methane (BDDM)]. PMID- 3213533 TI - [Synthesis of qinghaosu analogues via ozonization]. PMID- 3213534 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of the volatile oil of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. sinensis Rousi]. PMID- 3213536 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of huperzine A in rats and mice]. PMID- 3213535 TI - [Studies on the diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum sungpanense Hand-Mazz]. PMID- 3213537 TI - [Relevance of stereo and quantum chemistry of four tetrahydroprotoberberines to their effects on dopamine receptors]. PMID- 3213538 TI - [Effect of bovine parathyroid hormone 1-34 on calcium flux and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release of rabbit aorta]. PMID- 3213539 TI - Inotropic effect of histamine on papillary muscle of guinea pig with right ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 3213540 TI - [Comparison of effects of four vasodilators on contractions induced by norepinephrine, KCl, and CaCl2 in isolated rabbit aortic strips]. PMID- 3213541 TI - [Histamine contents in hearts and whole blood during early myocardial ischemia in 3 rodents]. PMID- 3213542 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of clonidine in patients with heart failure during exercise]. PMID- 3213543 TI - Cardiovascular effects of intracerebral injections of glutamate and kainate in rats. PMID- 3213544 TI - [Effects of neutrophils emigration on vascular permeability and anti-inflammatory mechanism of dexamethasone]. PMID- 3213545 TI - [Scanning electron microscopical observations on damages on tegument and gut epithelia of Pagumogonimus skrjabini caused by praziquantel]. PMID- 3213546 TI - [Histological and histochemical effects of tribendimidine on Necator americanus]. PMID- 3213547 TI - [Liver specific lipoprotein-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice]. PMID- 3213548 TI - Cold-induced supernumerary moults of Galleria mellonella larvae as bioassay for anti-juvenile hormone compounds. PMID- 3213549 TI - Isolation and fluorometric determination of homovanillic acid in urine and tissues. AB - The fluorometric method is described for determination of the final product of dopamine metabolism homovanillic acid in urine, amniotic fluid and tissue extracts. The metabolite was isolated using three chromatographic columns (1 Amberlit CG-50, 2-Dowex AG 1 x 2, 8-Aluminium oxide). Oxidation of eluates to emitter was done with potassium ferricyanide in alkalic medium. The use of internal standards made high recovery of compound and a good specificity and sensitivity of detection. PMID- 3213551 TI - Developmental changes in the protein kinase activity of chick brain. AB - The protein kinase activity in the postmitochondrial and postribosomal fractions from chick brain at various stages of development was examined. It has been found, that the overall level of protein kinases activity, assayable under the experimental conditions, increases during embryogenesis, sharply decreases at the hatch, and again increases thereafter. The subcellular distribution of protein kinases alters during ontogenetic development. The embryonal protein kinases of both subcellular fractions differ in the protein substrate specificity, cAMP- and salts-sensitivity from those of the adult ones. Thanks to use of ribosomal proteins as an exogenous substrates it was possible to visualize the developmental changes in the protein kinase pattern. PMID- 3213550 TI - Effect of cold exposure on the concentration of triglyceride in the liver of the rat. AB - The aim of the present study was to examine an effect of cold exposure on the concentration of triglycerides (TG) in the rat's liver. The rats were divided into the following groups: control, fed with oil, treated with hydrocortisone, fed with oil and treated with hydrocortisone, treated with noradrenaline. The rats exposed to cold were kept in wire cages (one rat in one cage) in the cold room at temperature +2 degrees C. They had free access to food (pellet diet for rodents) and water. In the control group the exposure to cold increased mildly (though significantly) the TG concentration after 1 and 3 h and had no effect after 2 and 24 h. It did not affect the concentration of plasma free fatty acids (FFA). At room temperature feeding with oil (2 ml/100 g of body weight) alone, and combined with hydrocortisone treatment (5 mg/100 g of body weight) as well as treatment with noradrenaline (0.1 mg/100 g of body weight) had no effect on the liver TG concentration, although the concentration of plasma FFA was increased. Exposure to cold for 3 h increased markedly the liver TG concentration in each of those groups. It is concluded that exposure to cold elicits a mechanism, which in the presence of elevated plasma FFA concentration induces accumulation of TG in the liver. PMID- 3213552 TI - Evidence for increased lipid peroxidation in the nonischemic portion of the heart with coronary occlusion. PMID- 3213553 TI - Appearance of a cardiodepressant factor in the medium incubating in situ the posterior pituitary lobe of the rat. II. Differentiation from other active compounds. AB - In the previous article the occurrence of cardiodepressant activity in the fluid incubating in situ the posterior pituitary lobe of the rat was described (Acta Physiol. Pol., 1984, 35, 460-468). In the present study the cardiodepressant fraction of the medium incubating in situ the posterior pituitary lobe was subjected to further purification by means of thin-layer chromatography on Silica gel G. Three fractions were isolated, one of which caused a 69% decrease of beating rate of an isolated auricles of the right atrium in the two-day-old rats. In this fraction the presence of neither lipids nor compounds containing phosphate residue was detected. On the basis of the site of elution of the cardiodepressant fraction from the column filled with Sephadex G-15, it was demonstrated that the molecular weight of the cardiodepressant factor was less than 1500 and more than 832. The obtained results show that the cardiodepressant activity is associated with a low-molecule compound, probably with peptide structure, which is released into the fluid incubating in situ the posterior pituitary lobe. PMID- 3213555 TI - [Computerized tomography in the analysis of ischemic brain edema]. PMID- 3213554 TI - Acute optic neuritis--problems of diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3213556 TI - The effect of long-term low protein intake on liver and serum phospholipids in rats. PMID- 3213557 TI - An evaluation of IRMA-TSH kits and a very sensitive RIA-TSH method. PMID- 3213558 TI - [The effect of anesthesia and surgery on hypertensive patients treated with beta receptor blockers]. PMID- 3213559 TI - [Normal values of tests of ventilatory function of the lungs in smokers and non smokers]. PMID- 3213560 TI - Response of cortical and subcortical brain blood flow to memory activation. PMID- 3213561 TI - Skin perfusion pressure and cutaneous blood flow in chronic obliterative arterial disease of the lower limbs. PMID- 3213562 TI - The prognostic value of routine biochemical liver tests, serum bile acids, and hepatitis B virus markers in acute viral B hepatitis. PMID- 3213564 TI - [The effect of diabetes mellitus on long-term results of femoro-crural bypass]. PMID- 3213563 TI - [Defining the transport of macromolecular immunoglobulins and albumins across the hemato-ocular and hemato-encephalic barriers and determining the local synthesis of individual immunoglobulin fractions in aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 3213565 TI - Recent investigations of toxoplasmosis. I. Acquired toxoplasmosis and its role in pathology. PMID- 3213566 TI - Morphological aspects of neuronal development. Papers presented at the 6th International Meeting of the Society for Developmental Neuroscience. July 1986, Queretaro, Mexico. PMID- 3213567 TI - Development of membrane interactions between brain endothelial cells and astrocytes in vitro. AB - To ascertain whether there is a mutual influence on the structure of their cell membranes, brain endothelial cells and their closest neighbor, astrocytes, were grown alone or together in vitro and freeze-fractured. When cultured separately, the brain endothelial cells had a low frequency of short, fragmented tight junctions. Many gap junctions, which are absent from mature brain capillaries in vivo, intercalated among the tight junctional strands, or were separate from them. The separately cultured astrocytes had low concentrations of randomly distributed assemblies (1-30/micron2) in their membranes. When the two cell types were co-cultured, the endothelial tight junctions were greatly enhanced in frequency, length, width and complexity, and the gap junctional area enclosed by the tight junctional strands were markedly reduced. Thus, the in vitro endothelial junctional complex resembled their in vivo counterpart, the tight junctions of brain capillaries, when co-cultured with astrocytes. Reciprocally, brain endothelial cells induced the astrocytic membrane assemblies to increase in concentrations by approximately 5 fold, and sometimes to form aggregates with very high concentrations (400/micron 2) which approached the concentration of the perivascular astrocytic membranes in vivo. Substituting astrocytes with fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells in co-cultures did not enhance the tight junctions in the brain endothelium. On the other hand, substituting brain endothelium with endothelium from pulmonary artery or aorta in co-cultures did not increase the concentration or induce aggregation of the assemblies in the astrocytes. Thus, the two close neighbors in vivo, brain endothelium and astrocytes, interact specifically in vitro to induce development of membrane specializations which resemble those at the site of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 3213568 TI - Role of glial cells in the differentiation and function of myelinated axons. AB - Myelinated axons are highly differentiated in the vicinity of the node of Ranvier, both structurally and with respect to ion channel distribution. Evidence is reviewed showing that axonal differentiation depends upon two distinct types of interaction between glial cells and the axolemma, one at the node itself, with astrocyte processes, and the second, more extensive one, in the paranodal region, with oligodendrocyte processes. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells fulfill both roles. Glial or Schwann cell abnormalities, due to genetic deficiencies, diseases or experimental procedures, result in corresponding abnormalities in the axolemma and can have devastating effects on nerve fiber function. An example, the myelin-deficient mutant rat, is presented, and the defects underlying the profound and ultimately lethal neurological abnormalities seen in this mutant are discussed in relation to abnormalities in its axoglial interactions. PMID- 3213570 TI - Cytodifferentiation and developing neuronal circuitry in the human lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - The developing neural substrate in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of human fetuses and premature, full-term and postnatal infants, has been analysed using rapid Golgi impregnation, computerized image analysis, electronmicroscopy, and immunocytochemical method for localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid. Nuclear and cytoplasmic neuronal maturation is observed to extend over the entire period studied. Axodendritic synapses, presumably of retinal origin, are occasionally seen at 13-14 fetal weeks. They become increasingly apparent at 18-19 weeks. Dendrodendritic contacts are visualized at 15 weeks. Cortical terminals and occasional triadic contacts are evident around 21 weeks. The inhibitory interneurons containing gamma-aminobutyric acid are present in small numbers at 15-16 weeks; their numerical density increases considerably at 17 weeks but decreases thereafter. The presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid containing nerve cells and synaptic triads is indicative of the formation of inhibitory circuitry. At 15-16 weeks neurons are mostly bipolar although different forms of multipolar cells may be seen. By 24 weeks the radiated and bitufted multipolar neurons, neurons with beaded dendrites and neurons with axon-like dendritic processes are identifiable. There are no apparent differences in differentiation of neurons between the cranial and caudal parts of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. At 15 16 weeks, however, the cells of prospective magnocellular zone appear to be more mature than do the cells in the parvocellular zone. The neuronal soma increases continuously in size. Dendrite development starts at 15-16 weeks of gestation, thereafter the increase in number of their branches and their length is observed. Between 15-16 and 24 weeks, spines and filiform processes appear first on the proximal shafts of the dendrites and subsequently on their distal portion. There is increase in the number of filiform processes and hair-like appendages on geniculate neurons of premature infants born at 32 and 37 weeks of gestation and of a 4-day postnatal infant. Computerized quantitative data substantiate the progressive increase in growth parameters. The significance of comparative and functional aspect of the data is discussed. PMID- 3213569 TI - Astroglial plasticity in hemizygous and heterozygous jimpy mice. AB - Gliosis is a common phenomenon which occurs in many human diseases and in experimentally altered nervous tissue. The factors activating astrocytes to respond are still unclear but recent evidence suggests that diverse substances can provoke a gliotic response. This paper describes the nature of the gliosis in the myelin deficient jimpy and relates these findings to other recent studies of experimentally induced demyelination in which gliosis is a prominent feature of the disorder. In jimpy males, an astroglial hypertrophy which consists of an increase in the number of cell processes can be demonstrated by both electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry using antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein. Increased glial fibrillary acidic protein staining in the white matter of jimpy males correlates with the normal time of myelination in different tracts. The immunostaining is not, however, restricted to white matter. Increased staining can be demonstrated in spinal cord grey matter when hardly any myelinated fibers are present, it is especially prominent around blood vessels of both white and grey matter, and is found in the corpus callosum and in the underlying subventricular zone shortly before or at the time myelination begins in this tract. These observations suggest that the hypertrophy is not simply a response by the astrocyte to the absence of myelin sheaths. While an astroglial hypertrophy is dramatic in jimpy males, quantitative counts of astrocytes and electron microscopic autoradiograms do not reveal an increase in the total number of this cell type. These findings suggest that hyperplasia and hypertrophy of astrocytes may be under separate regulatory control with different factors involved in each phenomenon. In the female carriers of the jimpy gene, myelination is temporarily delayed during postnatal development but after several months, the amount of myelin, whether measured morphometrically or biochemically, reaches normal levels. In the white matter of the young female carrier, staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein is increased in terms of the number of processes and the total volume of neuropil but a normal pattern of staining is observed within a year. These and other observations suggest that the glial hypertrophy in the young mosaic is temporary and that regression and reorganization of glial processes takes place as myelination proceeds. PMID- 3213571 TI - Neuron-specific enolase during the development of the organ of Corti. AB - NSE immunoreactivity has been studied in the organ of Corti of the developing mouse from birth to 21 days. NSE immunohistochemical stain is observed in spiral ganglion cells, in nerve fibers and in nerve endings of inner and outer hair cells, and in both populations of sensory cells. Spiral ganglion cells in lower and central parts of the ganglion stain for NSE at birth, but all nerve cells are stained by day 4. Radial and spiral fibers and the endings on inner hair cells stain at birth, but the nerve endings on outer hair cells develop NSE between days 3 and 6. The inner and outer hair cells are NSE-positive at day 2 but the NSE immunoreactivity in the outer hair cells decreases at the end of the second week until the cells become negative. The NSE stain in the neuronal pathways of the inner and outer hair cell regions increases for about 19 days, showing a predominant accumulation in neuronal endings. The data suggest that the development of NSE expression in the organ of Corti reflects the nascence and maturation of the synaptic contacts. Spiral neurons, their fibers and endings as well as inner and outer hair cells express NSE in the isolated organ of Corti in culture. Variability of stain among the different cell populations indicates a role of local factors in the regulation of NSE expression. PMID- 3213573 TI - DNA content in neurons of Auerbach's plexus under experimental conditions in adult rats. AB - Some nerve cells of the Auerbach's myenteric plexus of the intestine of the adult rat, which hypertrophied following a surgically induced stenosis, began DNA synthesis unrelated to mitotic division. The cytophotometric analysis confirmed and quantified the amount of synthesis revealed by autoradiography with tritiated thymidine uptake. Numerous nerve cells show a DNA content exceeding the diploid level. Only a few of these show twice the diploid content. The significance of the DNA synthesis is discussed. PMID- 3213572 TI - Factors influencing neuronal growth in primary cultures derived from 3-day-old chick embryos. AB - We compared neuronal growth patterns in primary cultures prepared by dissociating 3-day-old chick embryos, either whole embryo (E3WE) or head only (E3H) and plating the dispersed cells onto Petri dishes coated with either poly-L-lysine, collagen or laminin. The culture medium was Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), supplemented with either 5 or 10% fetal bovine calf serum (FCS). As we have previously described, in E3WE cultures on poly-L-lysine the neuronal primary growth patterns were aggregation with neuritic fasciculation, presence of growth cones with microspikes and very few flat cells. In contrast with cultures grown on poly-L-lysine, in cultures grown on collagen or laminin the distinct growth pattern was extensive networks of isolated and differentiated neurons lying on acquired monolayers of flat cells. When 5% FCS was used, as compared to 10% FCS, neuronal aggregates were fewer and smaller on poly-L-lysine; on collagen or laminin a tendency to aggregate was observed. Several differences were observed in the E3H cultures when compared to E3WE: (a) aggregates were less numerous with the prevailing pattern being a web-like, self-contained aggregate; (b) aggregates connected with other aggregates or flat cells were rare and the aggregate adhesivity was minimized; (c) neurons on collagen or laminin formed networks with the exception of a few, small aggregates displaying no fasciculation; (d) flat cells did not form a monolayer but islets which hosted the neuronal meshy networks. We attribute these differences in the growth patterns between the various types of cultures to be the combined result of a variety of environmental signals, derived from the provided substrata, the serum and the nonneuronal cell factors and cell surface, all primarily regulating neuronal adhesivity. PMID- 3213574 TI - Cathepsin D and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase in developing human foetal brain. AB - Three peaks of proteinases were observed with hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin and casein as substrates at the pH of 3.5, 6.5 and 8.5, in prenatal human cerebral cortex. Cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) was the most prominent, with hemoglobin as the preferred substrate. The enzyme was partially purified by Concanavalin A - Sepharose affinity chromatography and the nature of the active site was assessed with proteinase inhibitors. Inhibitor studies showed that similar to pepstatin A, benzethonium chloride was also strongly inhibitory to the enzyme. The distribution of cathepsin D, a neuronal marker, and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.4.37), a oligodendroglial marker in foetal brain regions with increasing gestation revealed that neurogenesis and gliogenesis occur concomitantly from earlier periods of gestation. Glial marker acquisition was particularly high in medulla and in spinal cord between 20 and 25 weeks of gestation. PMID- 3213575 TI - Maturational changes in neonatal rat motor system with early postnatal administration of nicotine. AB - Experiments were designed to assess the effects of chronic maximum 'smoking dose' nicotine administration on neonatal motor behavior and neuromuscular structural maturation. Thus, Sprague-Dawley rat neonates received daily subcutaneous injections of nicotine (0.05 mg/kg/day) from postnatal days 1 to 14. Motor behavior (ambulations, stop and go movements) was not affected, but a marked increase in grasping duration resulted, indicating increased neuromuscular maturation. Concomitantly, neuromuscular morphological and dynamic contractile changes were observed in the in situ extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. The EDL muscle showed accelerated morphological dimensions of the endplate at postnatal day 7 and a more rapid twitch at 2 weeks of age. The results suggest that this maximum 'smoking dose' of nicotine induces time-dependent maturational changes in the neuromuscular model. PMID- 3213576 TI - Transferrin: an early marker of oligodendrocytes in culture. AB - In this study, the developmental pattern of transferrin expression, the iron transporting glycoprotein, was investigated morphologically and immunocytochemically in mixed glial cultures as well as pure cultures of mature oligodendrocytes, both derived from newborn rat brain. Double immunofluorescent labeling of pure oligodendrocyte cultures revealed that transferrin co-localizes with the oligodendroglial marker, myelin basic protein. During early development in mixed glial cultures, the presence of transferrin was detected at 3 days in vitro in small round process-bearing cells lying on top of astrocytes. These cells were galactocerebroside negative. However, at 7 days these process-bearing cells began to express galactocerebrosides and transferrin co-localized with the oligodendroglial marker. Transferrin did not co-localize with any neuronal or astroglial markers at any time. These results indicate that transferrin is an oligodendrocyte-specific marker which is expressed earlier than galactocerebroside. PMID- 3213577 TI - Substrate effects on the dynamics of neurite growth in vitro: a quantitative multi-parametric analysis. AB - Embryonic chick dorsal root ganglia were cultured in serum-free medium on natural (collagen, fibronectin and hyaluronic acid) and artificial (polylysine and polyornithine) substrata. The movement of individual growth cones was quantified by measuring five parameters using time-lapse cinematography combined with a digitizing-computer system, and the neurite behaviour was compared between the different substrata with multivariate statistical methods. For each substratum, the morphometry of the growth cone was quantified by measuring six morphological parameters. The most discriminative parameters proved to be mean velocity and straightness index for neurite extension, and projected area and cumulated length of filopodia for growth cone morphometry. A good correlation was obtained between behavioural and morphological parameters and the larger the cone area and the filopodia length, the faster and the straighter the neuritic growth. Both quantitative analyses showed highest values for polyornithine and the lowest for hyaluronic acid, and divided the substrata into two opposite groups, artificial and natural. It is concluded that growth cone behaviour and conformation is modulated by substratum properties. PMID- 3213578 TI - Composition and synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups in the embryonic brain of the trisomy-16 mouse. AB - The trisomy-16 (T-16) mouse is considered to be a promising model for human trisomy-21 (T-21) (Down's syndrome, DS). Therefore, the fatty acyl (PUFA) compositions of phosphoglycerides in embryonic brains (days E-17 and E-18) of T 16 mice have been compared with those of balanced heterozygotic embryos from the same litters, in order to determine whether similar abnormalities are present as have been found in foetal DS brain (Brooksbank et al., 1985, J. Neurochem. 44, 869-874). The analyses revealed that the ratio of (n-3) to (n-6) PUFA was significantly increased in ethanolamine (EPG) and in choline phosphoglycerides, as it is in EPG in the foetal T-21 brain. However, the abnormality was not so marked in the murine as in the human trisomy, and the (n-3)/(n-6) ratio in EPG was primarily elevated on account of decreased proportions of 20:4(n-6) and 22:4(n-6), there being no significant increase in (n-3) PUFA. The PUFA composition of the phosphoglycerides of the corresponding trisomic and balanced placentae was also determined, but no relevant differences could be discerned between the genetically different tissues. As 6-desaturase, the rate-limiting enzyme system in PUFA synthesis, reacts more readily with (n-3) than with (n-6) substrates, the shift in (n-3)/(n-6) ratio of PUFA might be related to an alteration in 6-desaturase activity in trisomy. Comparison of the specific activity of 6-desaturase in fresh brain homogenates of T-16 embryos with those from balanced litter-mates revealed, however, no differences. PMID- 3213579 TI - Circadian patterns of serotonin (5-HT) accumulation after pargyline treatment in the rat hypothalamus during development. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if developmental changes in serotonin (5-HT) synthesis occur during maturation of the 5-HT circadian rhythm in the rat hypothalamus of 10- to 35-day-old rats. Pargyline (75 mg/kg, s.c.), a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, was administered 30 min prior to decapitation. Hypothalamic 5-HT concentrations after pargyline treatment were measured at six time points over a 24-hr interval in male and female rat pups at 10, 20, 30 and 35 days of age. Daily fluctuations in hypothalamic 5-HT accumulation were detectable as early as 10 days of age in rats of both sexes. Since the influence of MAO on hypothalamic 5-HT concentrations was eliminated by pargyline treatment, the findings suggest that changes in tryptophan hydroxylase activity contribute significantly to daily and age-related patterns of 5-HT accumulation in the rat hypothalamus during development. Circadian rhythms in hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) also occurred during development; however, sex differences were not detected for these biogenic amines. Since catecholamine catabolism is not exclusively mediated by MAO, our findings are insufficient to conclude whether or not sex differences actually exist in patterns of these monoamines. PMID- 3213580 TI - Prenatal development of the hippocampus in two strains of inbred mice. AB - In this paper we present some morphological observations on the morphogenesis of the hippocampus in two inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6J (C57) and DBA/2J (DBA), from day 16 (E16) to day 17 (E17) of prenatal life. At E16 some differences in the histoarchitecture of the hippocampal anlage begin to be detectable. At E17 the differences become more relevant, particularly those concerning the lamination pattern. The more relevant differences concern the differentiation of the pyramidal layer, which appears well defined in C57 mice, while in DBA mice there is no clearcut delimitation between the pyramidal layer and the intermediate zone, where numerous migrating neurons are present. These observations may be interpreted in terms of different migration rates for the neurons in the two strains. PMID- 3213581 TI - Ganglioside potentiation of NGF-independent conditioned medium enhancement of neuritic outgrowth from spinal cord and ciliary ganglia explants. AB - Culture medium conditioned (CM) by embryonic chick skeletal muscle or RN22 Schwannoma cells enhanced dramatically the neuritic development of chick embryonic spinal cord slices explanted onto a collagen substratum. The addition of a mixture of bovine brain gangliosides (BBG) or the monosialoganglioside GM1 to this medium potentiated the nerve growth factor (NGF)-independent CM-mediated neuritogenesis. A 3-4 fold increase in spinal cord outgrowth was due to increased neurite number, length and branching. The ability of the gangliosides to potentiate the positive neuritogenic action of CM was not limited solely to spinal cord cultures since similar results were obtained in parallel studies employing organized cultures of embryonic chick ciliary ganglia. These studies demonstrate the ability of gangliosides to enhance the trophic action of factor(s) present in CM. They suggest further that gangliosides may play a modulatory role in the development of the nervous system. PMID- 3213582 TI - Development of axonal-oligodendroglial relationships and junctions during myelination of the optic nerve. AB - The early stages of myelination were examined in optic nerves of rats aged 12-15 days. The initial association between oligodendroglial processes and bare axons involves no junctional specialization, as the axoglial extracellular space remains unaltered. Following ensheathment by a collar of glial cytoplasm, at least one full rotation of mesaxon was evident before compact myelin formed. Furthermore, myelin was generally evident before a second rotation was completed. In longitudinal sections, an axoglial junction was always observed beginning on the first paranodal loop, continuing through to the last (or outermost) loop. Thus, the formation of myelin and elaboration of a junctional complex in the paranodal region follow a promyelination phase and appear to be synchronous (and possibly related) events. Although the paranodal plasmalemma and axolemma are in close apposition, there is a material in the extracellular space that precipitates phosphotungstic acid, a characteristic that appears to be featured in a number of different types of cell junctions. PMID- 3213583 TI - Experimental modifications of postnatal differentiation and fate of glial cells related to axo-glial relationships. AB - The fate of glial cell lines following Wallerian degeneration in the rat optic nerve was analysed after pulse labelling with [3H]thymidine. The rats were unilaterally enucleated at the key stages 2, 5, 8 and 20 days after birth. Three hours later, they were injected intraperitoneally with [3H]thymidine and killed after 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 days survival. Oligodendrocytes were the most affected, being unable to differentiate after 2 days enucleation, dying rapidly or transforming into another cell type after 5, 8 and 20 days enucleation. The apparent stability of the astrocyte population is due to an equilibrium between increased differentiation from glioblasts and increased death, the latter being preponderant at the key stage 2 days. Finally, the steady increase in the number of microglia may be due to the transformation from other cells, either glioblasts for the early time intervals or oligodendrocytes later on. It appears, then, that the interrelation between glial cell lines during differentiation is more intricate than previously suspected and is closely dependent, for each line, upon the integrity of axons. PMID- 3213585 TI - Ultrastructural study of calycine synaptic endings of colossal vestibular fibers in the cristae ampullares of the developing chick. AB - Bipolar vestibular ganglion cells give rise to the colossal vestibular fibers in the chicken. These fibers form the largest calycine endings in the cristae ampullares and also the spoon endings in the tangential vestibular nucleus of the medulla oblongata. Because these synaptic endings are two of the largest and most distinctive in the vertebrate nervous system, they are especially suitable for comparisons of the development of synapses and synaptic endings of a specific cell type. An ultrastructural study of the spoon endings and quantitative data on their synapses were available from material of 15-day-old chick embryos, hatchlings, and 3-yr-old chickens. Here we provide similar data on the large calyces. Briefly, large calyces exhibited no ultrastructural changes corresponding to the changes in the spoon endings apparent when they retract from their target cell surfaces around hatching time. However, the concentration of the ribbon synapses at the large calyces decreased around hatching, when the concentration of the chemical synapses at the spoon endings declined. Moreover, the concentration of the ribbon synapses at the large calyces corresponded closely to the concentration of the chemical synapses at the spoon endings at the same age. Thus at the developmental ages studied, there were similar concentrations in the peripheral and central synapses formed at two different synaptic endings, both derived from one cell type and participating in the same neural pathway. These findings raise the issue of how synapses are regulated locally, but also suggest the possibility for central-peripheral interactions to produce correlative changes in parallel. PMID- 3213584 TI - Proliferation of rat astrocytes, but not of oligodendrocytes, is stimulated in vitro by protease inhibitors. AB - Various natural protease inhibitors stimulate the proliferation of rat astrocytes grown in primary culture in the absence of serum. They are inactive on the proliferation of oligodendrocytes. The mean level of stimulation of the astrocyte proliferation elicited by the protease inhibitors is higher when the cells are in the growth phase, at low cell density than when they are quiescent, at high cell density. Among the protease inhibitors tested three serum proteins, alpha 1 antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and anti-thrombin III were the most active. The present results, taken together with our previous finding that thrombin and some other proteases also stimulate the proliferation of astroglial cells but not of oligodendroglial cells, suggest that proteases and protease inhibitors participate, through still unclear mechanisms, in the control of the proliferation of astrocytes, but not in that of oligodendrocytes, during brain ontogenesis. PMID- 3213586 TI - Effects of thyroid hormone on light/dark melatonin synthesis and release by young and maturing rat pineal glands in vitro. AB - Synthesis and release of melatonin were studied in pineal explants from 14- (young) and 60-day-old ('maturing') male Long-Evans rats with or without added thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), at or near physiological levels and under light and dark conditions. Incubation for 6 hr (1200-1800) was in a synthetic medium; melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In light, T3 increased melatonin levels in pineal and medium of cultures from either young or maturing animals. In dark, T3 decreased melatonin levels in the pineals of either age, but was without significant effect on levels in the medium. Since it is known from other work that 14-day-old rat pineal glands do not yet have a complete sympathetic innervation system, it is here doubly evident that T3 can modulate directly pineal synthesis and release of melatonin, and may not depend upon a mature sympathetic innervation. Light in the studied conditions was permissive from the stimulatory action of T3 on pineal synthesis and release of melatonin in vitro. PMID- 3213587 TI - Effects of trembler mouse serum and laminin on oligodendrocyte proliferation and differentiation in culture. AB - Oligodendrocytes in primary cultures derived from rat embryo spinal cord were examined in control medium and in Trembler mouse serum (TMS)-supplemented medium. The oligodendrocytes were identified on the basis of the synthesis and surface expression of galactocerebrosides revealed by a monoclonal antibody directed against this component. We noticed two effects of TMS compared to control mouse serum. First, our results revealed that in TMS medium there is a mitogenic response of galactocerebroside (GalC)-positive cells. Second, in the presence of TMS, oligodendrocytes do not develop processes as they do in the presence of normal mouse serum. When laminin, a basal lamina component was added to TMS medium, GalC+ oligodendrocytes decreased in number and differentiation was normal. Possible explanations of the effects of TMS and laminin on oligodendrocyte proliferation and differentiation are discussed. PMID- 3213588 TI - Inhibition of luminol-dependent luminescence and simultaneous generation of native luminescence of activated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by addition of albumin. AB - Luminol-dependent luminescence (LDL) and luminol-independent, native luminescence (NL) of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were investigated with respect to the effects generated by the addition of albumin to the reaction medium. The cells were activated: (1) by simple surface attachment to a hydrophilic plastic, (2) by opsonized zymosan, (3) by phorbol myristate acetate, (4) by formylmethionyl leucyl-phenylalaline. Both kinds of emissions were recorded simultaneously using a method of spectral discrimination. The addition of albumin resulted in an inhibition of LDL, which coincided with a generation of NL. The extent of the inhibition of LDL depended on the type of stimulus used. Maximum inhibition occurred with cells activated by attachment to plastic surfaces and minimum inhibition was observed with cells stimulated by opsonized zymosan. Different contributions of extracellularly released reactive oxygen-species may be responsible for this. It appears possible to discriminate between intra- and extracellular sites of oxygen-metabolites production using albumin simultaneously as extracellular quencher of LDL and as luminescent probe for NL. PMID- 3213589 TI - Lipopolysaccharide-dependent enhancement of adherence-mediated chemiluminescence response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Adherence of resting polymorphonuclear leukocytes to nylon fibre increased the chemiluminescence response (CL) from 99,400 to 910,300 cpm/25,000 PMNL. This effect could be amplified by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) priming of granulocytes in a dose-dependent fashion. The results of nylon fibre adherence experiments suggest an in vitro model that might approximate certain conditions of in vivo PMNL-endothelial adherence and respiratory burst activation, and these reactions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes may contribute to the pathomechanisms of the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome. PMID- 3213590 TI - Stability of firefly luciferase in tricine buffer and in a commercial enzyme stabilizer. AB - A solution of firefly luciferase in AuthentiZyme Enzyme Stabilizer retains full activity when stored in an ice bath (0.5 degrees C) during one day. These solutions have the advantage that no additional protein (other than the luciferase) is present, which is desirable for proteolytic digestion and protein derivatization experiments. For longer-term experiments, firefly luciferase solutions in 0.05 mol/l Tricine buffer at pH 7.8, 10 mmol/l MgSO4, 1 mmol/l EDTA, and 1 mmol/l DTT which contain 100 micrograms/ml of bovine serum albumin are stable for 6 weeks if frozen and thawed only once. PMID- 3213591 TI - Sensitivity limitations encountered in enhanced horseradish peroxidase catalysed chemiluminescence. AB - Conditions for the enhanced horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalysed reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide were optimized to determine detection limits for HRP conjugated to antibody fragment (HRP-Fab) in solution phase. Light output was linear with respect to HRP-Fab concentration but became nonlinear at low HRP-Fab concentrations when an accelerator (enhancer) of the reaction was used. para-Phenylphenol was a more effective enhancer than p-iodophenol at HRP Fab concentrations below 20 pmol/l. The detection limit for HRP-Fab was 1.2 femtomoles in the absence of p-phenylphenol and 0.08 femtomole in the presence of p-phenylphenol. The acceleration of peroxidase activity at the lowest HRP-Fab concentrations occurred after an incubation time period of up to five minutes. This lag time limited the sensitivity and the mechanism for it was sought. Preincubation experiment results indicated that the lag time phenomenon may involve a reversible alteration in HRP catalytic activity and that enhancer, peroxide, luminol and HRP-Fab had to be incubated together some time before maximum activation could occur. PMID- 3213592 TI - A chemiluminometric method for the determination of urea in serum using a three enzyme bioreactor. AB - A flow injection chemiluminometric assay for urea has been developed based on a minicolumn bioreactor packed with immobilized enzyme-bearing glass beads. The reactor contains immobilized urease, L-glutamate dehydrogenase and L-glutamate oxidase, aligned in this order (upstream to the downstream). When the sample is introduced into the bioreactor, urea is first hydrolysed by urease to produce ammonia, which is then converted into L-glutamate by L-glutamate dehydrogenase. L Glutamate is finally oxidized by L-glutamate oxidase to produce hydrogen peroxide, which is quantified by measuring chemiluminescence emitted upon admixing with luminol and potassium ferricyanide. One assay cycle is completed within 1 minute. The method is sensitive (detection limit 0.5 nmol) and is linear in the range 0-30 mmol/l. It can be readily applied to the determination of urea in human serum, and requires no blank corrections for ammonia and/or L-glutamate present in serum samples. PMID- 3213593 TI - Chemiluminescent determination of choline in cerebrospinal fluid and red blood cells. AB - The concentration of choline in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients affected by primary dementia and in red blood cells (RBC) of depressed patients before and after treatment with lithium salts was determined using a chemiluminescent assay. The mean CSF concentration of choline was found to be 60 pmoles/ml (SD = 20 pmoles/ml) and this was lower than values obtained previously by spectrophotometric-colorimetric methods. Mean RBC choline concentrations before and after therapy with lithium salts were 20 nmoles/ml (SD = 16 nmoles/ml and 328 nmoles/ml (SD = 206 nmoles/l) respectively and these are similar to those reported previously (obtained by chemiluminescent and non-chemiluminescent methods). PMID- 3213594 TI - Dyakia bioluminescence--1. Bioluminescence and fluorescence spectra of the land snail, D. striata. AB - The luminescent land snail Dyakia striata displayed a bioluminescence spectrum with a maximum wavelength of 515 nm. A green fluorescent substance extracted from the photogenic organ of an adult snail had a similar wavelength maximum but its fluorescence spectrum differed from that of flavin chromophore substances involved in light emission in some other luminescent organisms. PMID- 3213595 TI - Detection of genotoxicity of metallic compounds by the bacterial bioluminescence test. AB - Twenty metallic compounds were assayed for their genotoxic mutagenic activity by the bioluminescence test restoration of the luminescence of dark mutant of the luminous bacterium Photobacterium fischeri). The activity of the metals was tested in a liquid medium as well as on a solid medium. K2Cr2O7, MnCl2, BeCl2, KH2AsO4, ZnCl2 and Na2WO4 showed strong activity in liquid medium while AgNO3, Cd(OOCCH3)2, CoCl2, CuCl2, HgCl2, Na2SeO3 and Pb(NO3)2 were more active in the solid medium test. BaCl2, Na2MoO4, NaAsO2, NiSO4, Na2SeO4, RbCl, and SnCl2 were not active in the bioluminescence test. The correlation between the genotoxic activity of the tested metallic compounds in the bioluminescence test and other bacterial tests for genotoxic agents as well as the correlation between these results and the carcinogenicity of these compounds is discussed. PMID- 3213596 TI - Chemiluminescent assay of lipid hydroperoxides. AB - The addition of luminol plus a catalyst such as peroxidase or a heme prosthetic group to a solution containing a small quantity of lipid hydroperoxides results in a flash of chemiluminescence, the intensity of which is a function of the hydroperoxide concentrations. Various protocols for lipid hydroperoxide assays have been described and we have studied conditions to increase their sensitivity and specificity. Plasma lipid hydroperoxide determinations require an extraction, since compounds present in plasma interfere with light emission. Moreover, the sensitivity of the assay is by the presence of hydrogen peroxide in the medium, which causes high background values. Catalase does not act on lipid hydroperoxides and can be used to eliminate hydrogen peroxide from the reaction medium. The determination requires a blank tube in which hydroperoxides are destroyed by incubating the sample with haematin plus ascorbate. The increase in the chemiluminescence of the assay tube caused by the presence of lipid hydroperoxides is then compared to the value obtained for an internal standard. PMID- 3213597 TI - Effect of surfactants on the intensity of chemiluminescence emission from acridinium ester labelled proteins. AB - In order to establish optimum conditions for the chemiluminescent (CL) reaction of two acridinium ester labelled proteins (human albumin and rabbit anti-human albumin IgG), we investigated the effects of the following factors known to influence the CL emission: pH, presence of proteins, relative concentrations of components of CL reaction and presence of surfactants. Under optimal conditions of pH and hydrogen peroxide concentration, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) increased the intensity of the CL reaction of the acridinium ester labelled albumin by 42-fold. Triton X-100, Tween-20, 23 lauryl ether (Brij 35) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) exerted a much smaller effect. In the case of the acridinium ester labelled antibody, the greatest increase was obtained with Triton X-100 (15-fold) followed by CTAC, Brij 35 and Tween 20 (SDS decreased the emission intensity). PMID- 3213599 TI - Bone density measurement. PMID- 3213598 TI - Determination of sterilization effectiveness by measuring bacterial growth in a biological indicator through firefly luciferase determination of ATP. AB - A bioluminescence procedure for measurement of microbial ATP allows a rapid determination of the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization. This determination is achieved faster than detection of acid production in a biological indicator via a pH indicator. Bacterial outgrowth from spores on test strips of the biological indicator was detected by measurement of ATP using the firefly luciferase reaction. A measureable increase in ATP was found after 5 hours of incubation of a biological indicator that had been treated under sterilizing conditions that produced 75% sterility of the biological indicator as measured by acid production. This is a marked improvement over the 24-48 hours of incubation currently required. PMID- 3213600 TI - Detection of prefracture spinal osteoporosis using bone mineral absorptiometry. AB - Bone mineral measurements have been criticized for their inability to clearly distinguish fracture and "nonfracture" populations. However, this failure is not unexpected, since some individuals in the "nonfracture" group have low bone mass and are at increased risk but have not yet experienced fractures. Although standard radiographs are not sensitive indicators of vertebral demineralization, they do identify some of the "prefracture" osteoporotic subpopulation within the nonfracture group. Prospective follow-up of 536 Japanese-American women demonstrated that 14 new spine fractures occurred in the prefracture osteoporosis group, whereas none occurred in the nonosteoporotic group (p less than or equal to 0.03). However, bone mineral content (BMC) measurements using photon absorptiometry were much more accurate than radiographs as indicators of spine fracture risk. BMC values were somewhat higher in the prefracture group than in those with existing fractures, but values for both groups were significantly lower than in nonosteoporotic patients even after adjusting for age, height, and weight (p less than 0.0001). The magnitude of the difference was proportional to the trabecular bone content of the measurement site; the differences were greatest for the os calcis and lumbar spine, smaller for the distal radius, and least for the proximal radius. The prevalence of spinal osteoporosis (including both fracture and prefracture cases) was inversely proportional to BMC (p less than 0.0001). Again, the relations were strongest for the os calcis and lumbar spine. These results indicate that BMC measurements are valid indicators of osteoporosis status, particularly when osteoporosis is defined to include both patients with existing fractures and those at increased risk for fractures. However, dual-photon spine BMC was adversely influenced by the presence of aortic calcification, arthritis, and other disease processes (p less than or equal to 0.0001). PMID- 3213601 TI - Osteoclasts in human osteopetrosis contain viral-nucleocapsid-like nuclear inclusions. AB - We report the discovery of nuclear inclusions in the osteoclasts of three unrelated patients with benign osteopetrosis that resemble the osteoclast inclusions characteristic of Paget's disease of bone. These inclusions are morphologically and dimensionally identical to the nucleocapsids of a virus of the Paramyxoviridae family. Supporting a possible viral association with benign osteopetrosis in the observation of the presence of antigens of respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, and/or mumps virus in the cells of all five patients whose paraffin-embedded bone specimens were tested. These included two patients whose osteoclasts contained nuclear inclusions. No patients with the malignant form of the disease have been studied. There is as yet no proof that a virus is causally related to human osteopetrosis even though a virus can produce an avian form of the disease. PMID- 3213602 TI - Diagnostic sensitivity of bone densitometry. PMID- 3213603 TI - Bone density of the radius, spine, and proximal femur in osteoporosis. AB - Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in 140 normal young women (aged 20 to 39 years) and in 423 consecutive women over age 40 referred for evaluation of osteoporosis. Lumbar spine and proximal femur BMD was measured using dual-photon absorptiometry (153Gd), whereas the radius shaft measurement used single-photon absorptiometry (125I). There were 324 older women with no fractures, of which 278 aged 60 to 80 years served as age-matched controls. There were 99 women with fractures including 32 with vertebral and 22 with hip fractures. Subsequently, another 25 women with hip fractures had BMD measured in another laboratory; their mean BMD was within 2% of that of the original series. The mean age in both the nonfracture and fracture groups was 70 +/- 5 years. The BMD in the age-matched controls was 20% to 25% below that of normal young women for the radius, spine, and femur, but the Ward's triangle region of the femur showed even greater loss (35%). The mean BMD at all sites in the crush fracture cases was about 10% to 15% below that of age-matched controls. Spinal abnormality was best discriminated by spine and femoral measurements (Z score about 0.9). In women with hip fractures, the BMD was 10% below that of age-matched controls for the radius and the spine, and the BMD for the femoral sites was about 25% to 30% below that of age-matched control (Z score about 1.6). Femoral densities gave the best discrimination of hip fracture cases and even reflected spinal osteopenia. In contrast, neither the spine nor the radius reflected the full extent of femoral osteopenia in hip fracture. PMID- 3213604 TI - Regulation of alkaline phosphatase expression in a neonatal rat clonal calvarial cell strain by retinoic acid. AB - A clonal cell strain, UMR 201, was established from a culture of rat calvarial cells by the process of limiting dilution on a collagen substratum. One-day-old neonatal rat calvaria stripped of periosteum were placed on collagen in alpha-MEM with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells that grew out from the calvaria were passaged eight times to select cells with the ability to proliferate in culture before cloning was attempted. Cells from the clonal strain were homogeneous in appearance with a doubling time in culture of about 24 hours. The UMR 201 cells formed predominantly type 1 collagen. When treated with retinoic acid (RA), all cells showed an intense staining for alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This effect of RA on the expression of ALP activity was reversible and was time and dose dependent. The earliest change was observed within 6 hours. In contrast, single and isolated clumps of untreated cells stained positively for ALP only when they were confluent. Coincubation with dactinomycin up to 3 hours after the addition of RA completely prevented the expression of ALP, whereas dactinomycin became progressively less effective when added at later times. This is interpreted as indicating a regulatory role of RA on the gene expression of ALP. Other hormones acting on bone, such as 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 and dexamethasone, also modulate ALP activity. The cells showed morphologic evidence of senescence after passage 12. Our preliminary studies showed that the UMR 201 cells had the characteristics of relatively undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213605 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates avian and mammalian cartilage growth in vitro. AB - We addressed the question of whether 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D) could directly stimulate cartilage growth in vitro. Pelvic leaflets from chick embryos and scapular growth plates from fetal pigs were organ cultured in serum-free medium in the presence and absence of 1,25-(OH)2D. After 3 days of incubation, 1,25-(OH)2D had increased the pelvic cartilage wet weight 42% and the dry weight 32% above the weight of cartilages incubated in medium alone. 1,25-(OH)2D (10(-9) M-10(-12) M) caused a dose-dependent increase in weight, with maximal increases at 10(-9) M. Furthermore, two deuterized derivatives of 1,25-(OH)2D, 26,27-D6 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,26,27-D8-1,25-(OH)2D3, stimulated pelvic cartilage growth in vitro. 26,27-D6-1,25-(OH)2D stimulated increases in growth plate weight above growth plates incubated in medium alone. 26,27-D6-1,25-(OH)2D3 appeared to be potent at lower concentrations than 1,25-(OH)2D on growth plate cartilage. Thus, 1,25-(OH)2D stimulated in vitro growth in two growing cartilage models, the avian pelvic cartilage and the mammalian scapular growth plate cartilage. PMID- 3213606 TI - Growth and repair of cartilage: organ culture system utilizing chondroprogenitor cells of condylar cartilage in newborn mice. AB - The zone of progenitor cells of mandibular condyles of neonatal mice was kept in an organ culture system for up to 8 days. Qualitative and quantitative determinations indicated a pronounced proliferative activity during the initial phases of the culture followed by a differentiation phase and the acquisition of typical hyaline cartilage. The mature hypertrophic chondrocytes were found to be surrounded by cartilage-specific macromolecules such as type II collagen, cartilage proteoglycans, and cartilage anchorin. The extracellular mineralization proceeded along matrix vesicles as is usually noted in vivo. A unique finding in this study was the observation that explants comprising cartilage progenitor cells and their adjacent extracellular matrix succeeded in repairing the damaged condylar in vitro. PMID- 3213607 TI - The effect of fluoride on bone histology in postmenopausal osteoporosis depends on adequate fluoride absorption and retention. AB - Forty-one women with idiopathic postmenopausal osteoporosis have been followed for 2 years after initiation of sodium fluoride at 40-50 mg/day, given together with a daily calcium supplement of 1 gram and vitamin D2, at 50,000 IU weekly. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were done on bone biopsies taken prior to and after 1 year of treatment (mean 1.25 +/- 0.35 years). Thirty patients (74%) developed the histological fluoride effect of hyperosteoidosis, while the remaining 11 patients (26%) had no change from pretreatment biopsies. Hyperosteoidosis was based on increased values for osteoid volume and/or thickened osteoid with greater than 3 lamellar bands. Based on previously reported findings, this histological evidence of hypersoteoidosis within 12-18 months of initiation of therapy provides a useful predictor of ultimate satisfactory fluoride response in terms of bone mineral accretion. No increases in bone mass (measured by neutron activation analysis) were observed at the time of the posttreatment biopsy but, according to this previous work, increases are anticipated over a further 2-3 years of treatment. Factors affecting the development of hyperosteoidosis were analyzed. Hyperosteoidosis was associated with a significantly higher dose of sodium fluoride and a significantly higher level of bone fluoride retention but without significant increase in fasting serum fluoride. Results suggest that fluoride retention depends not only on fluoride dose but also on body size, renal function, and intestinal absorptions of calcium and fluoride. There were no differences in the initial investigations between patients with and without hyperosteoidosis, with respect to age, years of postmenopause, estrogen use, initial biochemistry, or initial bone histology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213608 TI - Static and tetracycline-based bone histomorphometric data from 34 normal postmenopausal females. AB - Transilial bone biopsies were obtained from 34 healthy postmenopausal women following in vivo fluorochrome labeling. Stained and unstained undecalcified sections were evaluated using a Merz grid. Standard histomorphometric data from cancellous bone tissue were collected and the results were evaluated and presented as variables commonly used in bone histomorphometry. The normal ranges, medians, means, and standard deviations for the group of 34 are presented in tabular form for structural, surface, basic dynamic, and derived dynamic data. Similar data for individuals grouped by ages 45-54, 55-64, and 65-74 are also presented. Secular trends for the whole group are evaluated. The structural and surface data are not much different from previous reports of sudden-death accident victims, when methodologic differences are considered. The mineral apposition rate (MAR) was 0.53 +/- 0.08 micron/day, similar to previous reports in cancellous bone, but one-third less than in cortical bone. MAR showed a marked decline with age. In contrast, the extent of tetracycline-labeled surfaces varied widely without a secular trend. Double-label surface (dLS/BS) ranged from 0.5 to 8.0% and single-label surface (sLS/BS), from 0.5 to 10.5%. Mineralizing osteoid surface (MS/OS) varied from 2 to 64%. Using only double-label surface to represent mineralizing surface, volume-based bone formation rate (BFR/BV) ranged from 0.7 to 28%/yr, and the remodeling period (Rm.P) varied from 0.28 to 4.5 years. Calculations using other representations of mineralizing surface [double plus one-half single label (MS/BS"); all label (MS/BS')] are also presented. These bone histomorphometric data are important because: (1) they come from a cohort of living subjects that was recruited solely for the purpose of establishing normal bone histomorphometry; (2) they represent the age range of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis; and (3) they markedly expand the bone histomorphometric database of healthy persons given in vivo fluorochrome labeling prior to transilial biopsy. PMID- 3213609 TI - Interaction of calcium nutrition and physical activity on bone mass in young women. AB - We have examined the relationships among calcium intake, mechanical stress (activity) and axial (lumbar) and peripheral (midradius) bone mass in a population of 60 young normal, healthy eumenorrheic women (age 25-34 years), selected on the basis of weight for height (within 20% of expected). In this population, vertebral bone mineral density was significantly related (r = 0.41, p less than 0.005) to activity pattern but not to calcium intake. Elimination of the effects of activity, however, disclosed a significant correlation between total calcium intake and vertebral bone mass (r = 0.36, p less than 0.02). Closer examination of this relationship suggested that vertebral bone mineral density did not appear to increase with calcium intakes above 800-1000 mg/day, implying a threshold effect and vertebral density was better expressed as a function of the logarithm of calcium intake (r = p less than 0.01). Radial mineral content was not related to activity (which was mostly walking and running), but it was significantly affected by calcium intake. These data suggest that skeletal status in the vertebrae in young women may be influenced by modulation of mechanical stress. However, bone mineral density is probably also dependent on nutritional status such that the optimum calcium intake for this effect is 800-1000 mg/day. If such effects, observed here cross-sectionally, can be substantiated in longitudinal studies and persist into the aging postmenopausal population, then the average age of onset of osteoporotic fractures would be expected to be delayed approximately 10 years, by relatively simple modifications of diet and activity. PMID- 3213611 TI - Bone mineral and glycosaminoglycans in newborn and mature rabbits. AB - The relation between bone mineralization and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) was investigated in newborn and mature rabbit diaphyseal bone. Using the density fractionation technique, the bone was separated into fractions of increasing density from 1.4 to 2.3 grams/ml. Each fraction was analyzed by X-ray diffraction to determine the average crystal size. The GAG content of each fraction and of the unfractionated bone was determined by direct extraction and on a few fractions by sequential extraction in guanidine hydrochloride and guanidine/EDTA. There was a decrease in the GAG content with animal age and with increasing fraction density in the newborn rabbit. In one overlapping fraction (2.0-2.1 grams/ml), the GAG content was twice as high in the newborn as in the mature animal. Finally, the crystal size substantially increased from newborn to mature rabbits. Therefore, calcification and maturation of bone is associated with a decrease in the proteoglycan content of the organic matrix. PMID- 3213610 TI - Increased intestinal absorption of calcium in young and adult X-linked hypophosphatemic mice after the administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - We have reported that X-linked hypophosphatemic (Hyp) and normal mice respond equally to the administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] with uptake of 45Ca from an oral test meal as judged by the isotope remaining in the fecal samples. To determine whether this was due to specific stimulation of calcium absorption, as opposed to changes in calcium secretion or transit time, 1,25(OH)2D3 was administered to 4-week-old (young) and 13-week-old (adult) normal and Hyp mice at a dose of 0.12 micrograms/kg per day by continual infusion from an Alzet minipump. After 3 days of infusion, absorption of 45Ca from the isolated duodenum was measured in situ. Malabsorption of calcium was shown in vehicle treated 4-week-old Hyp mice by significantly more 45Ca remaining in the intestinal segment and by significantly reduced plasma levels and reduced skeletal levels of 45Ca. Treatment of the young mice, both normal and Hyp, with 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in increased absorption of 45Ca, increased plasma 45Ca, and increased incorporation of 45Ca into the femur. The young Hyp mice treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 showed a significant increase in femoral ash weight. At 13 weeks of age both normal and Hyp vehicle-treated mice showed equivalent absorption of calcium, and both responded to 1,25(OH)2D3 administration with enhanced calcium absorption. At both ages plasma phosphate rose in only the Hyp mice treated with 1,25(OH)2D3, whereas plasma and urine calcium were increased in only the hormone treated normal mice. In conclusion, 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulates the absorption of calcium in the isolated duodenum of the young Hyp mouse with equal potency to that of young normal mice. PMID- 3213612 TI - Inhibition of bone collagen synthesis by the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. AB - We characterized the effect of the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on osteoblast function and DNA synthesis in 21-day-old fetal rat calvaria maintained in organ culture. Protein synthesis was determined by measuring the incorporation of [3H]proline into collagenase-digestible (CDP) and noncollagen protein (NCP), respectively. Alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed as the release of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenol phosphate. DNA synthesis was determined by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into acid-insoluble bone and total DNA content. PMA at 3-100 ng/ml (4-133 nM) caused a dose-related inhibition of collagen synthesis that was observed 6 hours after adding PMA to calvaria. PMA inhibited collagen synthesis in the osteoblast-rich central bone of calvaria but did not alter collagen synthesis in the periosteum. There was little effect of PMA on noncollagen protein synthesis in the central bone or periosteum. Phorbol esters that do not promote tumor formation in vivo did not alter collagen synthesis in calvaria. PMA stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in calvaria, but indomethacin did not alter the inhibitory effect of PMA on bone collagen synthesis. PMA decreased alkaline phosphatase activity measured after 48 hr of culture and increased the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into bone and DNA content after 96 hr of culture. These data indicate that PMA inhibits collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity, while stimulating DNA synthesis, suggesting that activation of protein kinase C might regulate osteoblast function and bone cell replication. PMID- 3213613 TI - Forskolin augments the effects of calcitonin on cytoplasmic spreading of isolated rat osteoclasts and plasma calcium levels in the rat. AB - Recently we have shown that forskolin acts synergistically with calcitonin on stimulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) production in isolated rat osteoclasts and now show that forskolin also augments later physiological responses to calcitonin. The sensitivity of calcitonin inhibition of cytoplasmic spreading in isolated rat osteoclasts was increased 3.5-fold by simultaneous treatment with 10(-7) M forskolin, which alone had no effect on the response. In weanling rats the threshold of the hypocalcemic response to salmon calcitonin was reduced fivefold by simultaneous treatment with 200 micrograms/kg forskolin i.v., which alone did not influence the plasma calcium. These results provide further evidence that calcitonin-induced inhibition of osteoclast function is mediated by elevation of cAMP levels and suggest that forskolin could be used to augment the therapeutic effects of calcitonin. PMID- 3213614 TI - Migration and phenotypic transformation of osteoclast precursors into mature osteoclasts: the effect of a bisphosphonate. AB - Osteoclast-devoid bone explants were cultured together with embryonic liver as a source of osteoclast precursors, but separated from each other by a filter. Cells migrated through the filter toward the calcified matrix and acquired the characteristics of mature, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) osteoclasts upon contact with the bone explant. Migration and attachment could be visualized separately. Progressive reduction of filter pore size resulted in progressive reduction of resorption because the use of smaller pores made it increasingly difficult for cells to pass. Indeed, the use of 0.22-micron filters, through which no cells can pass, but which still allow full passage of medium, completely blocked the resorption. When migrating cells from fetal liver were arrested for 10 days by using a combination of filters with different pore sizes, the arrested cells showed a tendency to fuse just opposite the mineralized matrix. Furthermore, a great number of the arrested cells expressed the macrophage-specific cell-surface antigen F4/80 and showed acid phosphatase activity, but none of these cells were tartrate resistant. The acquisition of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity upon contact with the bone explant and subsequent resorption of this explant could be prevented by exposure of the system to the bisphosphonate dimethyl-APD (Me2-APD), whereas migration of cells through the filter was not affected. We suggest that the bisphosphonate interferes with a matrix factor that is essential for the attachment and subsequent transformation of the osteoclast precursor into the mature phenotype. PMID- 3213616 TI - Interferon-inhibited human osteosarcoma xenografts induce host bone in nude mice. AB - The growth of human osteosarcoma xenografts in nude mice can be inhibited by human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Histologic examination of growth-inhibited tumors has revealed mineralization and partial replacement of the tumor by normal bone tissue. We have investigated whether the normal bone tissue was formed by differentiated tumor cells or by induction of host stroma to differentiate into bone tissue. Employing antibodies to both murine and human type I collagen, it was found that the normal bone produced in IFN-inhibited osteosarcomas was host derived. These results suggest that IFN induced the osteosarcoma cells to produce a bone-inductive agent that interacts with the host cells, and leads to the formation of mature normal bone tissue in a heterotopic site. PMID- 3213617 TI - Factor derived from human lung carcinoma associated with hypercalcemia mimics the effects of parathyroid hormone on phosphate transport in cultured renal epithelia. AB - A decrease in renal tubular reabsorption of inorganic phosphate (Pi) can be observed in hypercalcemia of malignancy. In the present study we investigated the effect of serum-free conditioned medium (CM) from cells, derived from a lung carcinoma (BEN) of a hypercalcemic patient, and of PTH on cyclic AMP (cAMP) production and sodium-dependent Pi transport (NaPiT) in epithelia of two renal cell lines. In opossum kidney cells (OK), PTH is known to enhance cAMP production and inhibit NaPiT; in contrast, in LLC-PK1 cells, PTH has no effect on NaPiT since this kidney cell line is devoid of PTH receptors. In OK cells, BEN CM induced a three- to fourfold increase of cAMP production, which was blunted by the PTH inhibitors bPTH(3-34) and bPTH(7-34). NaPiT, as assessed by measuring the initial rate of Pi uptake, was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by BEN CM, with an effect maximal between 1h30 and 6 hr of incubation (40 +/- 4% and 47 +/- 4%, respectively), corresponding to the effect produced by 1-3 nM bPTH(1-34). The Na-dependent transport of a glucose analog was affected neither by BEN CM nor by PTH. In LLC-PK1 cells, neither BEN CM nor PTH altered cAMP production nor NaPiT after 1h30 of incubation. At 6 hr, BEN CM caused a slight decrease in NaPiT. In conclusion, these results constitute the first evidence of a direct and selective inhibition by tumor-derived factor(s) of NaPiT in cultured renal epithelia. Most of the renal NaPiT inhibitory activity produced by the lung tumor required the presence of a PTH receptor-adenylate cyclase system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213615 TI - Sequential bone mineral content in small preterm infants with and without fractures and rickets. AB - Seventy-four infants with birth weights 1009 +/- 28 grams and gestational age 28.6 +/- 0.3 weeks (M +/- SEM) were studied prospectively to test the hypotheses that bone mineral content (BMC) measured by photon absorptiometry, would be: (1) lower in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with radiographic evidence of fractures and/or rickets (F/R), and (2) will continue to be lower over the first year when compared to VLBW infants without F/R. BMC and bone width (BW) of the distal one-third of left radius and ulna were measured at 5 weeks (n = 8), 14 weeks (n = 61), 26 weeks (n = 58), 40 weeks (n = 59), and 1 year (n = 52). Standardized radiographs of both forearms, and weight, length, and head circumference were also determined at each study age. Investigators and technicians involved in the photon absorptiometry measurements were unaware of the radiographic findings and vice versa. Twenty-three of 74 infants were found to have F/R. BMC of studied infants remained markedly below our previously determined range of "intrauterine bone mineralization," even at 26 weeks after birth. There was no significant difference in BMC or BW between infants with and without F/R, either at the time of confirmation of F/R or during early follow-up; however, BMC was lower at greater than or equal to 6 months and BW was lower at greater than or equal to 9 months in infants with F/R. We suggest that the extremely low BMC measurements in early infancy predispose all VLBW infants to fractures and rickets. PMID- 3213618 TI - Changes in serum levels of type I and III procollagen extension peptides during infusion of human parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34). AB - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits collagen synthesis in vitro, in organ or cell culture and cell-free translation systems. We have designed studies to measure the effects of PTH on collagen synthesis in vivo in humans, utilizing measurements of the serum levels of procollagen extension peptides during and after infusion of synthetic human PTH (hPTH) fragment (1-34). Radioimmunoassays for the carboxy-terminal peptide of type I procollagen (pColl-C) and the amino terminal peptide of type III procollagen (pColl-III-N) were used to measure acute changes in serum during and after hPTH(1-34). In all six osteoporotic subjects and two normal individuals, serum levels of pColl-I-C were decreased by 16 hr of infusion and returned towards normal 14 hr after the infusion was discontinued; serum levels of pColl-III-N did not change significantly during the infusion, but were increased at 14 hr after the infusion was discontinued. The PTH-induced decrease in levels of pColl-I-C correlated with an increase in blood levels of ionized calcium. In all but two subjects the serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] were also increased during the period when serum levels of pColl-I-C were decreased. These results are compatible with the conclusion that infusion of PTH acutely inhibits type I (bone) collagen synthesis, but not type III collagen synthesis. These effects could be direct or indirect, related in part to PTH-induced increased 1-alpha-hydroxylation of 25-(OH) vitamin D and the resultant increased serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D. PMID- 3213620 TI - Dose dependency of calcium absorption: a comparison of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. AB - Calcium supplementation is recommended as a prophylaxis against bone loss. This study was performed to determine the dose dependency of calcium absorption in an attempt to derive an optimum dose schedule. Using the well-described oral calcium load technique, we measured the calcium absorption from three different calcium doses (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g) of both calcium carbonate and calcium citrate administered to 21 normal subjects (4 men and 17 women, 22-60 years). Nine subjects underwent two additional loads with 0.2 g of elemental calcium as calcium carbonate and as calcium citrate. The intestinal calcium absorption from calcium carbonate and calcium citrate was estimated from the rise in urinary calcium following oral ingestion of the respective calcium salt. The increment in urinary calcium post-load, reflective of intestinal calcium absorption, rose rapidly from 0 to 0.5 g calcium loads with only slight subsequent increases from the 0.5 g to 2.0 g calcium doses. Thus, results indicate that 0.5 g of calcium is the optimum dose of either calcium salt. Moreover, the increment in urinary calcium post-load was higher from calcium citrate than from calcium carbonate at all four dosage levels. The increment in urinary calcium (during the second 2 hr) following calcium citrate load (0.5 g calcium) was 0.104 +/- 0.096 mg/dl glomerular filtrate (GF), which was higher than that of 0.091 +/- 0.068 mg/dl GF obtained from 2.0 g calcium as calcium carbonate. These results confirm the superior calcium bioavailability from calcium citrate as compared with calcium carbonate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213621 TI - Evidence for a toxic effect of aluminum on osteoblasts: a histomorphometric study in hemodialysis patients with aplastic bone disease. AB - To evaluate the potential role of aluminum (Al) in a subset of dialysis patients with aplastic bone disease, we have studied tetracycline-labeled bone biopsies of 32 patients (22 males and 10 females, 45-73 years) on maintenance hemodialysis. Selection criteria included normal resorption surfaces (RS) and osteoid thickness. Eleven patients (Group I) had no stainable bone Al (Al-; 61.7 +/- 7.2 years) and 21 (Group II) had stainable bone Al (Al+; 57.7 +/- 6.8 years). Serum Al was normal to slightly elevated in Group I, but significantly higher in Group II (p less than 0.01). Al surfaces (AlS), undetectable in Group I, were 67.8 +/- 17.9% in Group II. Bone Al content (BAC) was much lower in Group I than in Group II (14.8 +/- 3.7 vs. 113.8 +/- 100.2 micrograms/g, p less than 0.01), but higher in Group I than in controls (p less than 0.05). Extensive thin osteoid seams were present in Group II. AlS was correlated with OS (r = 0.56, p less than 0.001) and OV (r = 0.48, p less than 0.01). Labeled surfaces were decreased in both groups. Labeled osteoid surfaces (TLS/OS) were below 2 SD of the mean control values in 96% of patients and calcification rate (CR) was depressed below 0.20 micros/day in 44% of patients. Bone formation rate (BFR) was strikingly depressed, values being below one SD of the mean control value in 92-100% of patients at both levels and below 2 SD of the mean in 82% of patients at BMU levels. Mineralization lag time (OMP) was markedly prolonged above 2 SD of controls in 89% of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213619 TI - One year's treatment of Paget's disease of bone by synthetic salmon calcitonin as a nasal spray. AB - The effectiveness of synthetic salmon calcitonin (SCT) administered as a nasal spray was assessed via clinical, biological, and radiological variables in 17 previously untreated Pagetic patients over a 1-year course of therapy. The results showed a highly significant decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase (S ALP) (p less than 0.05 after 1 month of treatment) and of the urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (OH/Cr) (p less than 0.01 after 1 month of treatment). For the whole group, the mean decrease in S-ALP was 37 +/- 4% (SEM) after 6 months (p less than 0.01) and 31 +/- 5% after 1 year (p less than 0.01). The mean fall in OH/Cr was 35 +/- 6% (SEM) (p less than 0.01) and 37 +/- 7% (p less than 0.01) after 6 and 12 months, respectively. None of the usual side effects of SCT were reported and local tolerance was excellent throughout the study. PMID- 3213622 TI - Effects of transforming growth factor type beta upon bone cell populations grown either in monolayer or semisolid medium. AB - Bone has been shown to store large amounts of transforming growth factor type beta (TGF beta) and this has recently been found to be synthesized by bone forming cells. We report on studies undertaken to examine the effects of platelet derived TGF beta on different bone cell populations, isolated from 1-day postnatal rat calvaria by sequential enzymatic digestion. In addition, we tried to determine which of these cell populations synthesize TGF beta. In this regard, evidence was collected to indicate that cell populations which were shown to be enriched with osteoblast-like cells synthesize TGF beta. Although the production of the factor appeared to be limited to a particular cell type, its action was found to be of a more general character, as all cell populations were found to respond to TGF beta. Contrary to earlier reports, TGF beta was shown to be inhibitory upon cell proliferation. In this context, growth of cells released during early digestions was reduced considerably more than growth of those released during late digestions. Studies on the effect upon protein synthesis revealed that TGF beta specifically inhibited collagen but not the synthesis of noncollagenous proteins. The synthesis of collagen was altered to a greater extent in cells isolated during late digestions than in cells of the early populations. Further information on the TGF beta-mediated effects on bone cell biology was provided by data showing that both alkaline phosphatase and cAMP production in response to PTH was greatly reduced by TGF beta. Finally, experiments performed to determine whether TGF beta induces any of the bone cell populations to acquire the transformed phenotype revealed that only populations previously shown to be enriched with osteoblast-like cells formed colonies in soft agarose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3213623 TI - Forearm bone loss in hemiplegia: a model for the study of immobilization osteoporosis. AB - Hemiplegia is associated with excessive bone loss in the paralyzed arm. The forearm bone mineral content was measured at a proximal cortical site and a distal trabecular site of both the normal and hemiplegic arms in 74 patients with hemiplegia. By comparing the ratios of bone mineral content in the two arms, the effect of immobilization could be quantitated independently of the large population variance in bone mineral content. Bone loss, estimated from this single comparison of bone mineral content in the normal and hemiplegic arms, at the trabecular and cortical sites was positively correlated with the duration of stroke and negatively correlated with reduction in forearm function. At the trabecular site females had a proportionately greater bone loss than males, indicating an interaction between gender and immobilization associated bone loss at this site. The regression line of excess bone loss in the hemiplegic limb against time had a negative slope of 1.3% and 1.5% a year of the starting value for the trabecular and cortical sites, respectively, over the 15 years studied. This study indicates that a reduction in function is associated with significant bone loss occurring over prolonged periods that may account, at least in part, for the significant osteoporosis seen in elderly people and in subjects with conditions resulting in reduced mobility such as arthritis, obstructive airways disease, and neurological disease. PMID- 3213624 TI - Bone mineral content in the senescent rat femur: an assessment using single photon absorptiometry. AB - The single photon absorptiometry technique was evaluated for measuring bone mineral content (BMC) of the excised femurs of the rat, and the system was used to examine the changes in cortical and trabecular bone from young adult (6 mo), mature adult (12 mo), and senescent (24 mo) male and female animals. BMC of the femur midshaft, representing cortical bone, apparently increased progressively with advancing age. The width of the femur at the scan site also increased with age. Normalizing the midshaft BMC by width partially compensated for the age associated increase. However, when bone mineral values were normalized by the cortical area at the scan site, to take into account the geometric differences in the femurs of different aged animals, maximum bone densities were found in the mature adult and these values decreased slightly in the femurs from senescent rats. In contrast, the BMC of the femur distal metaphysis, representing trabecular bone, decreased markedly in the aged rat. The loss of trabecular bone was also evident from morphological examination of the distal metaphysis. These findings indicated that bone mineral loss with age was site specific in the rat femur. These studies provided additional evidence that the rat might serve as a useful animal model for specific experiments related to the pathogenesis of age associated osteopenia. PMID- 3213625 TI - Modulation of serum parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium concentrations during reproduction in rats fed a low calcium diet. AB - Moderate dietary restriction of calcium (0.1% Ca) was used to accentuate the changes in serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) that had been reported earlier in lactating rats fed 0.4% Ca diet. In addition, the effects of this low Ca diet on serum total and ionized Ca and iPTH during pregnancy, extended lactation, and weaning were examined. The positive correlation between serum total and ionized Ca was highly significant (r = 0.88, p less than 0.001, n = 120). Serum iPTH was significantly higher (36%) in pregnant rats on the day of parturition compared to nonmated controls, and there was a concomitant decrease in both total and ionized serum Ca. Within 1 day after parturition, however, serum Ca had risen to the control level. Serum iPTH remained significantly elevated during the first 2 weeks of lactation, and increased further during the third week of lactation to a level more than twice that of nonlactating controls. Serum Ca fell gradually during the second week of lactation. The high serum iPTH levels were maintained for another 2 weeks when lactation was extended with foster litters. Within 6 hr of removal of the suckling pups on day 16 of lactation, maternal serum ionized and total Ca had risen and serum iPTH had fallen; all three parameters were at levels similar to those of nonmated controls by 24-48 hr after weaning. The data suggest that serum ionized Ca is a major factor contributing to the hyperparathyroid state during lactation in rats fed a low-Ca diet. PMID- 3213626 TI - Quantitative bone histomorphometry in nude mice bearing a human squamous cell lung cancer. AB - We performed quantitative bone histomorphometry on lumbar vertebrae in hypercalcemic tumor-bearing athymic mice carrying a human squamous cell carcinoma. For comparison, studies were also performed in athymic mice that received bovine 1-34 parathyroid hormone (PTH) infusion at the rate of 0.167 micrograms/hr for 7 days. In both the PTH-infused and tumor-bearing animals, percent cortical and total bone areas were significantly reduced as compared to controls, whereas trabecular bone was significantly reduced only in the tumor bearing animals. Trabecular perimeter lined by osteoclasts was significantly increased in both tumor-bearing (1.7-fold) and PTH-infused animals (2.8-fold) compared to control mice. Trabecular perimeter lined by active osteoblasts was significantly reduced in the tumor-bearing animals (to 42% of control) and unchanged in the PTH-infused animals (97% of control). Tumor-bearing animals had significantly reduced resorptive as well as formative surfaces as compared to the PTH-infused animals. Dynamic histomorphometry revealed a marked reduction in bone formation rate (23% of control) in the tumor-bearing animals. The studies therefore demonstrate a marked inhibition of bone formation associated with increased bone resorption in this model of hypercalcemia of malignancy. These observations are similar to those seen in the human syndrome. PMID- 3213627 TI - Adenine, guanine, and inosine nucleotides of chick growth cartilage: relationship between energy status and the mineralization process. AB - The major aim of this investigation was to measure the nucleotide content of the developing chick epiphysis and to relate changes in nucleotide levels to chondrocyte maturation and the development of mineralization. Using a cryostat, sections of cartilage were isolated from the proximal head of the tibial growth cartilage, care being taken to preserve the metabolic integrity of the tissue. Sections were identified microscopically, pooled, and the nucleotide and nucleoside content of each sample determined by HPLC. Procedures used for the study were shown to minimize degradation of nucleotides. Their effectiveness was assessed through an evaluation of the rapid freezing technique and by examination of the effects of apatite on the recovery of endogenous and added nucleotides. Analysis of nucleotide levels in the growth cartilage indicated that chondrocytes undergo a profound change in energy metabolism during development and maturation. Thus, in the premineralized resting and proliferative zones, ATP and, to a lesser extent, GTP values were high, suggesting that the chondrocytes obtained metabolic energy through both glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative processes. In the hypertrophic zone and in calcified cartilage, there was a profound decrease in the ATP concentration and a corresponding fall in the energy charge and the ATP/ADP ratios. The nucleotide levels in this zone indicated that there was increased reliance on nonoxidative metabolism. Measurement of nucleoside levels in premineralized cartilage suggested that there was little resynthesis of nucleotides through the salvage pathway. These observed changes in nucleotide values are consistent with earlier observations concerning chondrocyte redox and the low pO2 tension of the hypertrophic zone.2+off PMID- 3213628 TI - Effects of oxidation of human parathyroid hormone on its biological activity in continuously infused, thyroparathyroidectomized rats. AB - The effect of oxidation of human parathyroid hormone 1-34 (hPTH 1-34) on the hormone's biological activity was assessed in vivo using a multiparameter, thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rat model. The peptide was oxidized by treatment with hydrogen peroxide, and the oxidized form (8,18-methionine sulfoxide) was isolated by reverse-phase HPLC. Vitamin D-deficient rats were infused with either intact or oxidized hormone along with a 5 mM calcium chloride solution for 4 or 18 hr. Infusion of nonoxidized hormone (0.1-0.8 nmoles/hr) resulted in dose dependent increases in serum calcium, decreases in serum phosphate, decreases in urine calcium, increases in urine phosphate and cAMP, and increased renal 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 (OH)2D3) production. Oxidized PTH infused at doses up to 0.8 nmole/hr had no effect on any of these parameters. To assess the effect of oxidation on the ability of PTH to inhibit the production of the 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3), the infusion protocol was performed in vitamin D-deficient rats repleted with 1,25(OH)2D3 by injection. In these experiments, intact hormone markedly suppressed 24,25(OH)2D3 production, whereas the oxidized form was without effect. We conclude that intact methionine residues at positions 8 and 18 of hPTH 1-34 are necessary for all its major biological actions, including its effect on the renal metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25(OH)D3). PMID- 3213629 TI - Intracardiac thrombus-systemic arterial embolism. Contribution of echocardiography. PMID- 3213630 TI - Angiographic investigation of cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage due to arteriovenous malformation. AB - Fifty (50) selected patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with and without subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) were investigated, in respect of occurrence and course of the vasospasm. The diameters of the carotid siphon and its main branches were measured and plotted against the time elapsing between the haemorrhage and the angiographic study. Patients without SAH were used as a reference group. The results suggest intracranial arterial spasm to occur between the third and eleventh day after the onset of SAH. Patients with intracerebral haematoma may show vasospasm from the first day onwards. It seems that the radiologically demonstrated spasm in AVM had no impact on the clinical outcome in this series. PMID- 3213631 TI - Gunshot wounds of the brain in civilians. AB - A consecutive series of 178 civilians with gunshot wounds of the brain was retrospectively analyzed. The overall mortality was 93%, with 88% of the victims having succumbed within 3 hours. Surgery was performed in 21 cases, all with a Glasgow Coma Score of 6 or more. Out of the 12 survivors, 9 exhibited minor neurological signs at the time of discharge. Good outcome occasionally resulted in patients with lesions crossing the midline, or affecting two lobes of a single hemisphere. Although spectacular recoveries in individual patients with apparently devastating injuries can be regarded as a sufficient basis for an aggressive approach, including vigorous resuscitation and early surgery, bleak possibilities still exist as to the management of civilian gunshot wounds, owing to the high mortality rate on the scene, or soon after the injury. PMID- 3213633 TI - Lumbar canal stenosis: results in 40 patients surgically treated. AB - Authors present the clinical and neuroradiological characteristics of 40 patients treated for lumbar canal stenosis during a 10 years experience. The usefulness of computed tomography in comparison with myelography and plain X-rays of the spine is stressed. The surgical treatment was wide laminectomy involving one or more levels (two to four) plus an eventual foraminotomy but without discectomy. All patients were followed up and in 85% of cases a reduction of clinical symptoms was observed. Residual symptoms were also present in some of the improved patients, they generally accepted them without great dismay. PMID- 3213632 TI - Non-corresponding radiological and surgical diagnoses in patients operated for sciatica. AB - One hundred and nine patients with radicular leg-pain underwent both computer tomography and myelography and were subsequently operated upon. The diagnoses on computer-tomogram, myelogram and surgery failed to correspond in 41 cases. Stenosis of the bony spinal canal, scar formation, and an intra- or extraforaminal herniation were the most frequent causes of discrepancy in the diagnoses. In cases of spinal stenosis and previous disc surgery both computer tomography and myelography have to be performed. Certain precautions taken during computer-tomography and myelography may reduce the number of discrepant findings. PMID- 3213634 TI - Is postischaemic water accumulation related to delayed postischaemic hypoperfusion in rat brain? AB - The effect of reversible cerebral ischaemia on brain oedema development was studied with a gravimetric method. Cerebral blood flow changes after ischaemia were correlated with alterations in brain specific gravity. Forebrain ischaemia (15 min) was induced in rats by reversible bilateral ligation of both carotid arteries plus induction of controlled hypotension to 50 mm Hg. The specific gravity of different brain structures was determined in a Percoll column up to 24 h after ischaemia. In addition, regional cerebral blood flow was measured by 14C iodoantipyrine autoradiography. Cerebral ischaemia resulted in reduction of cerebral blood flow to less than 1% of normal in cortical structures and the caudatoputamen. One hour after the end of ischaemia blood flows were still reduced to 30-50% of the control level indicative of delayed postischaemic hypoperfusion. Specific gravity in cortex and hypothalamus reached a maximal decrease 10 min after the end of the ischaemia, and was still significantly reduced at 1 h, while it was normal again 6 hrs later. Regression analysis between regional cerebral blood flows and the corresponding specific gravities were made at various time points, but no significant correlations could be established. Other mechanisms, like vasoconstriction, rheologic or metabolic factors may be causative for the delayed postischaemic hypoperfusion. PMID- 3213636 TI - Haematoma of cavum septi pellucidi due to hypertension. PMID- 3213635 TI - Astereognosis as a presenting symptom in cervical meningioma. PMID- 3213637 TI - Adrenal medullary autograft in human brain for Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3213638 TI - Proceedings of the 8th European Congress of Neurosurgery. Vol. 2: Spinal cord and spine pathologies. Basic research in neurosurgery. Barcelona, September 6-11, 1987. PMID- 3213639 TI - The effect of type beta transforming growth factor on proliferation of clonogenic cells from human gliomas. AB - Type beta transforming growth factor (B-TGF) is a potent regulator of cell growth and differentiation. Growth of many human tumour cell lines are inhibited by B TGF. The effect of B-TGF on proliferation of clonogenic cells from 12 human glioma biopsies was registrated in a thymidine incorporation assay. B-TGF appeared to be a potent growth inhibitor for some gliomas, while it had no effect on others. Maximum inhibition was about 60%. Though not significant, glioblastomas appeared to be less sensitive to inhibition by B-TGF than astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Very little is known about the growth inhibitory action of B-TGF. The negative autocrine growth theory for cancer cells postulates that a reduced production, or production of a defective growth inhibitor normally found in the cell, may account for the autonomous nature of some cancer cells. In view of this theory, we searched for B-TGF in protein extracts from a glioblastoma cell line, T-MGl, whose growth was inhibited by B TGF. Protein extract from T-MGl cells was analysed for B-TGF activity using a soft agar colony formation assay with normal rat kidney fibroblasts. B-TGF was not found in the extract. Since, according to the literature B-TGF has been found in all other cell lines examined, we believe that there may be a lack of B-TGF or an altered B-TGF in the gliomas whose growth are inhibited by B-TGF. This problem will be studied further. PMID- 3213641 TI - The investigation of experimental brain tumours using 31P-MRS and 1H-MRI. AB - In vivo 31P-magnetic resonance spectra (MRS) were obtained by the surface coil method from rat glioma, human glioblastoma, and human neuroblastoma inoculated subcutaneously in CD Fisher rats and hamsters, and the effects of chemotherapy, photoradiation therapy, and radiofrequency hyperthermia as well as 60Co irradiation were evaluated by sequentially observing spectral changes. In the 31P spectra of tumour tissue, the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP), phosphomonoesters (PME) peaks were high and the phosphocreatine peak was low compared to those of normal brain. When the antitumour agents were given and were effective, NTP peaks decreased, and inorganic phosphate increased remarkably within several hours after the treatment. 1H-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were also obtained in some cases. Necrotic regions was detected by the 1H-MRI as image changes which appeared later than those detected by MRS. It proved practical to monitor the effect of therapy by employing either 31P-MRS or 1H-MRI. However, the image changes which demonstrated the effect of the therapy used closely resembled those changes which occurred with the onset of necrosis in tumour tissue during tumour growth. Several problems for future application of these techniques to human brain tumours are also mentioned. PMID- 3213642 TI - Glucocorticosteroid treatment of vasogenic oedema. AB - The components of vasogenic oedema associated with brain tumours were investigated in human biopsy material sampled from tumour and peritumoural tissue intraoperatively. Sixty patients with glioblastomas, gliomas, meningiomas and metastases, which had been treated with dexamethasone prior to surgery were employed for tissue measurements of water, electrolyte, haemoglobin, serum protein and dexamethasone concentrations. The quantification of serum proteins was achieved with the method described by Bodsch et al. Accordingly, serum proteins in the brain tissue and the blood were determined with 125J labelled antihuman antibody. Taking into account brain haematocrit and blood-volume, quantitative measurements of the so-called oedema proteins as a measure of tumour oedema were performed. With the exception of metastases positive correlations were obtained between water and both serum proteins and sodium contents in tumours and peritumoural tissue. The serum protein content varied considerably being high in glioblastomas and low in peritumoural tissue surrounding metastases. However water and serum protein contents decreased with increasing dexamethasone concentrations in glioblastomas, while this effect was virtually absent in gliomas and meningiomas. Our results suggest a previously unknown selectivity among tumour types for the reduction of water content and serum proteins in corticosteroid treated oedematous tissue. PMID- 3213640 TI - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the management of primary and secondary syringomyelic cavities, and of other cystic lesions of the spinal cord. AB - During the past three years 27 patients with medullary and/or brainstem cavities were examined with MRI at the Institute of Roentgenology, and we report the radiological MRI correlative findings. Five patients were operated: postoperative MRI examinations were compared with preoperative studies. Syringomyelia was present in 21 cases, syringobulbia in 2, and syringobulbomyelia in 4. Additional pathology such as the Arnold Chiari malformation or hydrocephalus was found at the craniospinal junction in 8 patients. Two instances of associated intraspinal tumours were noted too. In all cases the syringomyelic cavities involved the cervical cord and in most of them the lesion extended down to the thoracic or even lumbar level. Several patients were shown to have multilocular cavities. In the patients with syringomyelia a syringoarachnoidal shunting procedure was performed. This resulted in cyst collapse as proved by postoperative MRI examinations; neurological symptomatology was ameliorated too. Conventional radiological imaging with computed tomography (CT) and myelography was not as efficient as MRI in imaging syringomyelia. The extent of intramedullary cavities as well as the presence of associated pathology is best appreciated on sagittal MRI. The use of special surface coils clearly results in better image quality due to higher resolution. According to our experience MRI should be the primary examination in syringomyelia; myelography and CT are obsolete in the management of syringomyelia; the insertion of a syringoarachnoidal shunt is a convenient surgical procedure, resulting in clinical amelioration in most cases. PMID- 3213643 TI - Intraventricular transplantation of omentum for treatment of hydrocephalus. An experimental study in dogs. AB - In 17 mongrel dogs an experimental non-communicating hydrocephalus was developed by intracisternal injection of kaolin solution. In 10 of them a portion of omentum was isolated and after suturing end-to-end and the vascular pedicle to the temporal artery and vein the graft was introduced transcortically into the lateral ventricle. Metrizamide ventriculography, intraventricular basal and pulse pressure amplitude, compliance and resistance to CSF drainage were performed to evaluate related changes after surgery. Brain and omentum specimens were submitted for pathological studies. In summary, intraventricular omentum transplantation reduced intracranial pressure, compliance and resistance in experimental hydrocephalus whereas ventricular size remained unchanged. Pathological studies showed graft survival in most animals. PMID- 3213644 TI - Proton magnetic resonance imaging in experimental cerebral ischaemia. AB - MRI was performed on 11 primates, 7 with a proximal and 4 with a distal MCA occlusion. Chronic implanted electrodes created only minor image disturbances. The development of oedema formation was visualised in repetitive imaging. The site of the MCA occlusion determined the infarct-size. PMID- 3213645 TI - Syringomyelia: how MRI aids diagnosis and management. AB - MRI is an invaluable tool in the diagnosis and assessment of treatment of syringomyelia. It also confirms the theory of the pathogenesis of the disease and suggests why some operations on the condition fail. A series of patients with Chiari I, with and without syringomyelia, have been studied with MRI both prior to surgery and following treatment. In four cases, with Chiari I alone and minor symptoms only, management has been conservative. No progression of symptoms or signs have been seen, MRI allowing syringomyelia to be excluded, both at diagnosis or development during follow-up. Patients with Chiari I, six with and one without syringomyelia, were split into two groups; those with symptoms and signs of cervico medullary compression (CMC) and those with pure cord amyotrophy with upper limb weakness and numbness of typical "cape type". In three CMC patients, foramen magnum decompression (FMD) with fascia lata grafting and high syringotomy, and in two FMD without syringotomy, were carried out. The procedure improved pain, CMC symptomatology and clinical signs, but had only minor effects on amyotrophic symptoms. Some improvement was seen after surgery in distention of the syrinx on MRI studies, but there was no progression in the syrinx cavities. In two patients with pure amyotrophic the syrinx cavities. In two patients with pure amyotrophic symptoms, primary syringoperitoneal shunting (SPS) was carried out, and a further two patients with primary FMD subsequently went on to SPS for amyotrophic symptoms and signs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213647 TI - Pathomechanism of brain oedema in experimental intracerebral mass haemorrhage. AB - The prognosis of intracerebral haemorrhage is extremely poor when arterial hypertension is present. We investigated elastance of the brain tissue and brain hydraulic conductivity in normotensive (MAP approximately 110 mmHg) and hypertensive (MAP approximately 170 mmHg/angiotensin infusion) cats following a stereotactically produced intracerebral haemorrhage. For 12 hours after the onset of haemorrhage we registered the course of ICP, subsequently the water content of cortex, white matter and basal ganglia as well as the interstitial concentration of serum proteins in the corresponding regions were determined (Evans-Blue, immunofluorescence). Hypertension was associated with a slight increase in ICP and tissue water content but with a 3 fold more elevated content of interstitial serum proteins. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the oedema in the hypertensive group to be vasogenic in nature and in the normotensive cats to originate from the haematoma itself. The generally poor outcome of intracerebral mass haemorrhage in hypertensive subjects could be ascribed to the nature of the concomitant brain oedema, as described in this study. PMID- 3213646 TI - Pathophysiological investigation of experimental cerebral ischaemia using in vivo 31P-NMR spectroscopy and 1H-MRI. AB - The cerebral energy metabolism and brain oedema were investigated in three experimental cerebral ischaemia models using 31P-NMR spectroscopy (MRS) and 1H NMR imaging (MRI) in the same subject animal. These measurements were performed also in experimental brain oedema models and the findings were compared with each other. 31P-MRS showed an ischaemic pattern in all of the cerebral ischaemia models, that is, ATP and PCr peaks decreased, and the Pi peak increased and shifted to a higher resonant frequency. However, 31P-MRS did not show any remarkable change in the brain oedema models. On the other hand, 1H-MRI clearly demonstrated brain oedema in the brain oedema model. In the cerebral ischaemia models, 1H-MRI findings differed depending upon the type of model, namely the most marked brain oedema was detected in the unilateral middle cerebral arterial occlusion model and no marked change was detected in the temporary four vessel occlusion model. It was thought that this difference depended on the severity of the ischaemic insult. Accordingly, the fundamental pathophysiological problem of cerebral ischaemia was the energy metabolism disturbance with the brain oedema being associated with this disturbance but occurring secondarily. However, in the brain oedema model the main pathological change was the increase in tissue water. PMID- 3213648 TI - An increment in unilateral carotid blood flow produces cerebral aneurysms in rats. AB - To study the effect of haemodynamic stress on cerebral aneurysm development, three groups of adult Wistar rats were used: 1) One group with ligation of the right common carotid artery; 2) One with an end-to-side common carotid artery anastomosis and 3) Another group that was sham-operated. Blood flow through the left common carotid artery was measured with an electromagnetic flow transducer (0.85 mm in diameter) in anesthetized animals. Before the experimental intervention, the mean carotid blood flow was 2.8 +/- 0.14 ml/min. Following carotid ligation the blood flow in the patent carotid artery increased 25 +/- 5% after 7 +/- 0.3 days and 37 +/- 18% after 149 +/- 23 days; whereas following carotid anastomosis, carotid blood flow increased 102 +/- 16% after 9.6 +/- 2 days and 103 +/- 35% after 169 +/- 15 days. The sham operation did not significantly affect carotid blood flow. Control values for mean arterial pressure (102 +/- 3 mmHg) and blood gases (PaO2 = 106 +/- 3.4 mmHg, PaCO2 = 38 +/ 1.2 mmHg and pH = 7.32 +/- 0.02) were similar in the three groups of rats and did not change significantly over time after the experimental procedure. Necropsy was carried out 149 +/- 15 days after the experimental intervention. No cerebral aneurysms were found in the rats with carotid ligation or which had been sham operated, however, three of the eight rats (p less than 0.05) with carotid anastomosis presented single aneurysms in the anterior cerebral-anterior communicating arterial complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213649 TI - The quality and extension of nerve fibre regeneration in the centrocentral anastomosis of the peripheral nerve. AB - Centro central anastomosis (CCA) is the connection created by means of a nerve autograft placed between the fascicles of the proximal stump of a sectioned nerve. We have used this technique in the laboratory and in the human to avoid the formation of a terminal neuroma after amputation of a limb. The aim of the present study is to know what is the quality and how long is the progression of the regenerating nerve fibers coming from a fascicle and growing inside the nerve graft and into the other central fascicle. 56 male, adult, Sprague-Dawley rats were operated on. The 4 rats of Group I were used for control: the right sciatic nerve was exposed and dissected in its four branches. One piece of 10 mm was taken of each of the sural and the peroneal branches for hystological and histomorphometric studies. In the 16 rats of Group II, after the section of the sural and peroneal branches a terminoterminal suture between their proximal stumps was made. In the 16 rats of Group III a CCA with an interposed nerve graft of 7 mm was achieved. 5.5 and 6 rats of Groups II and III were sacrificed at 10, 40 and 365 days after the operation and the entire graft was taken for histological analysis. In the 20 rats of Group IV, 60 days after CCA, the graft was sectioned at its center to produce wallerian degeneration of nerve fibers. 10 days after this second operation the animals were sacrificed and the nerve specimens were taken for histological study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213650 TI - Peripheral nerve autografts to the rat spinal cord: a study of the origin of regenerating fibres using fluorescent double labelling. AB - In adult Wistar rats a segment of the right sciatic nerve was grafted to the right dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord (SC). After survivals of 25-54 weeks a solution of the retrograde fluorescent cytoplasmatic tracer Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the SC and microgranules of the retrograde fluorescent nuclear tracer Diamidino Yellow (DY) were inserted into the graft. DY labelled neurones were found in the SC up to 30 mm both rostrally and caudally to the graft and were always single labelled. DY labelled cells were also found in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for 6-7 consecutive levels caudally to the graft. Ten to 30% of the DY labelled DRG cells were double labelled and also contained the FB tracer. The present work using the multiple retrograde fluorescent tracing method demonstrates that peripheral nerve (PN) grafts implanted in the rat SC are reinnervated by axones arising from intrinsic SC neurones and DRG cells. The axones from intrinsic SC neurones seem to result only from the regrowth of damaged neurones which have lost their intraspinal projections. The regeneration from DRG cells seem to be sustained by both the regrowth of damaged axones and the preterminal and/or collateral sprouting. PMID- 3213651 TI - Operative treatment of Chiari malformation with syringomyelia. AB - The authors have operated on and reviewed 38 patients with Chiari malformation. By the introduction of our new operative method, Gardner's operation combined with expansive suboccipital cranioplasty, the operative results were improved. PMID- 3213652 TI - Pathological findings in suboccipital decompression in 63 patients with syringomyelia. AB - Out of 97 patients with syringomyelia treated surgically, in 63 of them suboccipital decompression was performed. Various kinds of congenital or early acquired abnormalities were found to be the possible cause of the disease. Simple Arnold-Chiari malformation was found in 29 patients. In next 16 cases the Arnold Chiari malformation was accompanied by partial occlusion of the foramen of Magendie with tiny, translucid membrane, that covered lower 1/2 or 3/4 of the foramen. In another 9 cases of Arnold-Chiari malformation, foramen of Magendie was totally occluded with thick, grayish membrane. In 7 cases lowered cerebellar tonsils were firmly attached to the medulla and joined by adhesions between themselves. In 1 case total atresia of foramen of Magendie was present only. In 1 case no pathological changes were found. The above mentioned findings point out, that in practically all the cases of syringomyelia various kinds of gross pathology, that leads to difficulties in normal outflow of the CSF from the IVth ventricle to cisterns can be found. From that point of view the suboccipital decompression seems to be the most reasonable surgical procedure. PMID- 3213653 TI - Late results of the surgical treatment of syringomyelia. AB - 97 patients with syringomyelia were treated surgically during the last 12 years. Only those patients in which the disease showed rapid progression in the last 1/2 1 year were operated. Of these 97 patients 54 were followed for 5 years or longer. 28 patients were treated by suboccipital decompression, 17 by terminal ventriculostomy, 4 by myelotomy and syringo-subarachnoid shunt; 5 had a combination of two procedures. Very good results were obtained in 12 patients (22%), satisfactory-in 31 (58%) and poor results-in 11 (20%). Very good results were more often achieved after suboccipital decompression, but each method had as well excellent as unsatisfactory results, and the number of the patients is too small as to allow statistically significant conclusions. It is almost impossible to predict the result of the surgical treatment in syringomyelia, but good results were obtained most often in young patients with relatively short duration of the disease. However, it is not the rule. Satisfactory results can even be obtained in older patients with long lasting disease and poor neurological status. The best method of surgical treatment is still under discussion. PMID- 3213654 TI - Microsurgical treatment of intramedullary spinal cord tumours. AB - A series of 81 patients operated for intramedullary spinal cord tumours over a span of 12 years (1975-1986) is presented. The mean age of the patients was about 37 years and 9 patients were in the paediatric age (0-15 years). In 29 cases (36%) the tumours were located within the cervical region; in 34 cases the tumours were located in the thoracic region (42%) and in 18 cases the tumours were located within the medullary cone (22%). Ependymoma accounted for 52% of the cases (42 cases), astrocytoma for 20% (16 cases), lipoma for 7% (6 cases), hemangioblastoma for 6% (5 cases), metastatic tumours for 5% (4 cases); in the remaining 8 cases (10%) rare or very rare spinal tumours were found. The 9 patients in the paediatric age and 8 additional cases who had undergone previous surgery were then excluded from this review. In 59% of the patients with ependymoma and in 90% of the patients with astrocytoma severe neurological deficit were already present before the operation. Total tumour removal was accomplished in 81% of the cases with ependymoma, total or subtotal removal was achieved in 50% of the cases with astrocytoma. At long term follow-up study fair or good functional results were observed in 19 out of 41 cases of ependymoma (46%) and in 3 cases out of 10 of astrocytoma (30%). The surgical outcome was mostly related to the preoperative neurological conditions and to tumour malignancy grade. PMID- 3213655 TI - Treatment of syringomyelia by syringo-peritoneal shunt. AB - Syringomyelic cavitation of various origins (excluding tumour) has been treated by syringo-peritoneal shunting (SPS) in 10 patients. The main clinical and radiological symptoms are reviewed and postoperative results evaluated; among the symptoms, pain is the most likely to improve after surgery. But the global outcome in the majority of cases remains unchanged, some patients showing neurological deterioration. Although MRI is of fundamental importance in diagnosis, the significance of the postoperative appearances on MRI has still to be elucidated. Other studies are certainly necessary to define the exact place of SPS in the treatment of syringomyelia. PMID- 3213656 TI - Lumbar microdiscectomy: analysis of 100 consecutive cases. Its pitfalls and final results. AB - 100 consecutive microsurgically operated patients suffering lumbar prolapsed disc are analyzed in the present work. Three different groups have been distinguished. Under and over forty years of age, and patients operated on after chemonucleolysis failure. General results after all treatments have been 76% good result, 17% improvement and 7% worsening. Special remark should be given about the chemonucleolysis group, that has a highest worsening percentage which raises 25% of the group patients. PMID- 3213657 TI - Computed tomography after lumbar disc surgery: a comparison between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. AB - The evaluation of patients with recurrent symptoms after lumbar disc surgery, is a difficult diagnostic problem. The causes of failure may include recurrent disc herniation, postoperative scarring, arachnoiditis, spinal stenosis, infection and mechanical instability. The most common causes are recurrent herniation and postoperative scarring; the routine x-ray and myelographic differentiation between them is difficult or impossible. High resolution CT has shown some results in the evaluation of the postoperative patients. It requires some knowledge of CT findings of "normal" pictures of the physiologic healing and scarring after disc surgery. We scanned 30 asymptomatic operated patients and 30 patients with recurrent sciatic nerve pain after disc surgery. From our observations result that it is quite impossible to distinguish "normal" scar from asymptomatic fibrosis. The degree and type of fibrosis are not related to recurrent symptoms. PMID- 3213658 TI - Automated percutaneous discectomy: preliminary experience. AB - In 1985, Onik, described a new automated lumbar disc aspiration technique that utilizes a probe with the guillotine cutting technology used in vitrectomy and arthroscopic instrumentation. The probe's small size (2 mm in diameter) minimizes the risk of nerve injury, while its automated action permits rapid, safe removal of disc material. The technique and our preliminary results in patients treated with this method are described. PMID- 3213659 TI - Atlas fractures: treatment and long-term results. AB - Fractures of the first cervical vertebra (C1) represent approximately 7% of all acute cervical spine fractures. Frequently, the atlas will be fractured in combination with the axis (44% of cases). Treatment of isolated C1 fractures should be governed by the rules of Spence. The treatment of combination C1-C2 fractures is dictated by the type and severity of the C2 fracture. Experience with 57 cases of acute traumatic atlas fractures are reviewed. The long-term outcome from an atlas fracture is good (median follow-up, 40 months). PMID- 3213660 TI - The transoral approach to the anterior superior cervical spine. A review of 29 cases. AB - The transoral surgical approach is the most direct operative approach to pathology ventral to the brain stem and superior spinal cord. This approach is useful in the treatment of extradural compressive cervicomedullary lesions in selected patients. Twenty-nine patients with ventral extradural brain stem or cervical cord compressive lesions who were treated via the transoral surgical approach are presented. Their evaluation, treatment, and long-term outcome will be reviewed (median follow-up, 24 months). Specific features of the transoral procedure, including intraoperative monitoring, methods of retraction, and microsurgical techniques that contributed to minimal operative morbidity (3%) and zero operative mortality, will be discussed. PMID- 3213661 TI - Posterior acrylic surgical fixation of odontoid fractures. AB - Fourteen cases of odontoid fractures had, as primary treatment, a posterior surgical fixation (C1 + C2 + C3 and occiput in some cases) by means of acrylate and stainless steel wires, without waiting for the unpredictable final results of external systems of stabilization. The youngest patient was 20 years old, the oldest 84 years old. No immediate or late neurological complications occurred (follow-up: one year to ten years). All the patients were mobilized early without external fixation. Union of the dens took place in eleven cases, and good stabilization in the remainder. Thirteen patients recovered, one improved. Posterior acrylic fixation is the treatment of choice in cases of odontoid fracture, particularly in elderly patients in whom a solid union rarely is obtained. PMID- 3213662 TI - Realignment and surgical fixation of atlanto-axial and subaxial dislocations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. AB - One hundred consecutive patients with atlanto-axial dislocation(s) were subjected to posterior occipito-cervical fusion and followed up to 16 1/2 years postoperatively (mean: 4 1/2 years). The mean age at surgery was 60.3 years. At the time of follow-up, 45 patients had died, mostly due to cardiopulmonary disease. Out of the 100 patients, 67% showed a major improvement and in an additional 14% there was a slight or moderate improvement. Some patients with a stable fusion later developed subaxial dislocation(s) necessitating an anterior fusion which in patients with RA is difficult due to poor bone quality. MRI revealed pannus formation around the odontoid peg in many patients, in several to such a degree that cord compression was evident. Following the posterior fixation, the pannus disappeared or was reduced which may at least partly explain the generally favourable operative outcome following the fixation procedure. Early occipito-cervical fusion appears to prevent further vertical dislocation or upwards migration of the odontoid which is a more severe condition, and does not appear to result in increased incidence of subsequent subaxial dislocation(s). Such luxation(s) pose a technically difficult problem since the quality of the patients' own bone usually does not permit a common anterior fusion procedure with autologous graft. In such cases with cord compression, acrylic cement may be used to obtain a normalized realignment. PMID- 3213663 TI - Prognosis and treatment of cervical spine injuries with associated head trauma. AB - Pathological and biomechanical studies indicate that many injuries of the head and neck are to be considered as an entity, because cervical spinal fractures and head injuries are frequently combined. Depending on the localization and severity of the injury to the cervical spine, the incidence of an associated head trauma is reported in the literature as being between 6% and 63%. In 59 patients with cervical spinal fractures hospitalized in our department since 1980, we have examined the influence of head trauma on the prognosis and the management. Forty three patients had fractures and/or dislocations in the lower cervical spine, and 16 had injuries in the upper region; head injuries were present in 33 (56 percent); minor injuries in 15, moderate and severe injuries in 10. Lesions requiring operation were a depressed skull fracture, extracerebral haematomas and scalp lacerations. Six out of 59 patients died; of these, four had suffered a severe head trauma. As a rule, surgery of the head and immobilization of the spine fracture were carried out as the first step followed by realignment of the spine with possible decompression and stabilization of the affected segment as a second step. CONCLUSIONS: Fractures and/or dislocations of the cervical spine are frequently accompanied by head injuries. The severity of associated brain lesions has a marked influence on the prognosis. The correct identification of cervical lesions was delayed in about every second patient with minor head injury but rarely in comatose patients. In patients with altered consciousness an early spinal stabilization may be useful. PMID- 3213664 TI - Microsurgical removal of intramedullary spinal cord tumours: report of 22 cases. AB - The management of patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumours is controversial. The authors have treated these tumours in accordance with the principles of radical resection, using microsurgical techniques. There have been 22 cases of intramedullary spinal cord tumours (4 astrocytomas, 3 glioblastoma multiformes, 5 ependymomas, 7 haemangioblastomas, 1 dermoid, 1 lipoma and 1 schwannoma) thus treated at our department during the past 13 years. Sixteen were adults and six were children. The early and late results of their surgical treatment have been analyzed, with follow-up periods ranging from 10 months to 12 years. Of the 22 patients, total removal was performed in 16, subtotal removal in 5 and biopsy in 1. Guidetti's criteria were adopted in assessing the results of surgery. Long-term results were as follows: 8 very good, 5 good, 3 fair, 3 poor and 3 deceased. The 3 latter cases were glioblastoma multiformes. Gross total removal of intramedullary tumours is technically feasible and compatible with neurological recovery. Since the majority of intramedullary tumours are benign and their course may span not only years but decades, long-term follow-up is essential. PMID- 3213665 TI - New methods of treatment of severely injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord. An experimental study. AB - It has been demonstrated that low-energy laser irradiation (LELI) applied simultaneously to the injured sciatic nerve and the corresponding segment of the spinal cord, accelerates the process of regeneration of the injured peripheral nerve. A beneficial influence of LELI was also observed when it was applied to the spinal cord following transection and implantation of a segment of an autologous sciatic nerve, but further studies are necessary to evaluate if real regeneration or only earlier distal cord automatism occurred. Both methods are proposed for treatment of peripheral nerve lesions (PNS) and spinal cord injuries. PMID- 3213666 TI - Implanted pump systems for treatment of spasticity. AB - In about one third of patients with violent spasticity due to spinal trauma, multiple sclerosis, and diffuse brain injury adequate control with oral antispastic medication cannot be achieved and successful rehabilitation is severely handicapped. In the past these patients were subjected to destructive chemical procedures or extensive surgery. The authors present the results of management of uncontrollable spasticity by means of continuous intrathecal administration of baclofen with a totally implantable gas driven pump system (Infusaid). 30 patients were treated between June 1985 and January. 1987. The main indication was incapacitating spasticity resistant to oral treatment with baclofen and caused by spinal cord injury or lesion (11 patients), multiple sclerosis (11 patients), infantile cerebral palsy (3 patients) and cerebral injury, hypoxia or ischaemia (5 patients). Clinical assessment included spasticity scores, integrated electromyography (Iemg) and motography. Effective control for spasticity with mean reduction of Iemg by 55%, decrease of Ashworth's score from 3 to 0 and improvement of life quality was obtained in all patients with daily dose of 10-800 micrograms of Baclofen. Voluntary resting motoricity was not impaired and there were no untoward central side effects. The excellent effect of intrathecal baclofen in comparison with oral therapy is explained by local, spinal GABAergic inhibitory action of the drug which is delivered directly into spinal subarachnoid space. Dose finding and dose adjustment is performed prior to pump implantation by intermittent injections into a subcutaneous port. The complications of the procedure were minor (catheter displacement, disconnection) and easily correctable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213667 TI - Extended use of the Multiload Cu-250. AB - To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of using the Multiload 250 (MLCu250) beyond its recommended maximum use time of three years, two groups of MLCu250 users were evaluated; one group had used their IUDs for less than three years and the other group had used their IUDs from 3 to 9 years. Except for pelvic infections, there were no significant differences between the two groups in IUD event rates or the incidence of complications. All pelvic infections in the long term user group were mild and did not necessitate IUD removal. PMID- 3213668 TI - Assessment of uterine shape and size using Kurz's Cavimeter. AB - The Kurz's Cavimeter was used to determine uterine shape and dimensions in 509 women prior to IUD insertion. The women were separated into six groups, depending on parity. A slight increase was noted in total uterine length due to endometrial cavity length and transverse fundal diameter in relationship to parity. However, the differences did not reach statistical significance. PMID- 3213669 TI - Medical removals of the Multiload IUD. AB - In a follow-up evaluation of 3721 Multiload IUD users, the removal rate for medical reasons other than bleeding/pain was only 2.6 per 100 women at three years. Most of these removals were for reasons that appeared to be unrelated to IUD use. The removal rate for pelvic inflammatory disease was 0.3 per 100 woman years. Women were followed up for up to three years after removal of their IUDs. Among women with PID at least 70% of those who desired pregnancy subsequently became pregnant, a rate similar to that of women who had their IUDs electively removed to become pregnant. The study provides further data on the safety of intrauterine contraception. PMID- 3213670 TI - Hysteroscopic removal of copper-containing intrauterine devices with missing tails during pregnancy. AB - During a 15-month period, CO2 hysteroscopy was carried out on 21 pregnant women wearing IUDs with retracted tails. Ultrasonography was done prior to hysteroscopy to determine the size of the gestational sac and the site of the device. Successful removal of the device occurred in 17 cases. The paper describes the technique, the findings of the study, and the limitations of the procedure. PMID- 3213671 TI - One-year results with the Fincoid IUD--a Hungarian experience with the short model. AB - This study presents the one-year experience with a new copper-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device, the Fincoid IUD. Between November 1984 and August 1985, 650 Fincoid devices were inserted in parous women to test the efficacy and clinical performance of the devices. After one year, 16 pregnancies had occurred (2.8 net cumulative rate); 26 devices had been partially or totally expelled (4.4); 27 devices had been removed for bleeding and/or pain (4.7); and 16 devices had been removed for other medical reasons (2.8). The continuation rate at the end of the first year was 84.3, indicating a good clinical performance. PMID- 3213672 TI - Influence of oral contraceptive treatment on blood pressure and 24-hour urinary catecholamine excretion in smoking as compared with non-smoking women. AB - Microgynon-30 was administered to 15 smoking (group B) and 14 non-smoking young women (group A) for a period of 4 months. Prior to the institution of treatment supine blood pressure and daily urinary catecholamine excretion (DUCE) were measured in both groups of patients. Both values were elevated in group B in comparison with group A. Treatment with Microgynon-30 for 4 months induced a significant increase in DUCE in both groups, the increase being most marked in group B (p less than 0.0004). The increased catecholamine excretion accompanied small non-significant elevations in blood pressure. It is concluded that treatment with low-dosage estrogen oral contraceptives produces a significant increase in daily catecholamine excretion, especially in patients who smoke. PMID- 3213673 TI - IUD insertion forces: effects of recent childbirth and lactation. AB - This investigation compared the force required to insert an IUD in women who were breastfeeding and who had recently delivered a child with that required in control women who were not breastfeeding and who had not recently delivered. Twenty-eight women who had recently delivered and who were breastfeeding were compared with twenty-eight controls. The women were matched for age and parity and for the type of IUD used. The mean IUD insertion force in the breastfeeding, recently-delivered women was 1.75 newtons (N) as compared to 2.80 N in the controls. The difference was statistically highly significant (paired t-test, p less than 0.01). Recent childbirth and lactation are associated with a reduction in IUD-related insertion pain, probably due to a reduction in the force required for insertion. This reduction in IUD insertion force is not necessarily related to lower uterine perforation rates in IUD insertion in this group. A number of physiological mechanisms may be responsible for this finding. PMID- 3213675 TI - Return to fertility after discontinuation of copper IUD use: a study of 55 pregnancies involving Multiload Cu-250 users among private patients in Indonesia. AB - Return to fertility after discontinuation of use of the Multiload Cu-250 intrauterine device was found to be excellent. This was the conclusion of a seven year study of 55 pregnancies involving 53 MLCu250 users who had their devices removed because they wanted another child. Average age was 25.02 years and average parity 1.25. Length of IUD use ranged between 1.00 and 66.42 months, averaging 27.28 months. Interval between time of removal and first day of the last menstrual period (REM-LMP) prior to conception ranged from -0.51 to 49.03 months, with an average of 5.90 months. In four cases removal was not followed by any further periods. Thirty-five (63.64%) pregnancies occurred within six months and seven (12.72%) between six and twelve months after removal. Of the 55 conceptions, 46 (83.63%) took place within one year and a total of 52 (94.54%) within two years after IUD discontinuation. The length of IUD use appeared not to affect negatively either the return to fertility or the outcome of pregnancy and offspring. In the 14 cases involving extended use of the MLCu250 beyond three years, the average REM-LMP interval was 4.15 months. Outcome of pregnancy and offspring was generally good. Except for two spontaneous abortions, one premature and two post-mature births, one case of atonic postpartum hemorrhage and one neonatal death due to respiratory distress involving a child with Down's syndrome, all other pregnancies progressed to term, with the birth weights of the newborns in 43 cases averaging 3387 grams. Of the 42 newborns with known gender, 26 (61.90%) were male and 16 (38.10%) were female. Whether this decidedly above normal male to female ratio at birth of 162.50 (against a norm of 105-106) was a consequence of previous copper IUD use merits further study. PMID- 3213674 TI - IUD use after 40 years of age. AB - One hundred sixty-three IUD acceptors over the age of 34 at the time of insertion of the device were compared with 321 IUD acceptors under the age of 35 at the time of insertion. The older IUD acceptors were less educated, more likely to be married, and had more children and more induced abortions. At the time of last follow-up, 161 women were 40 years of age or older, and 323 were less than 40 years old. During 9 years of observations, there were fewer IUD removals and fewer side-effects during the last year of use in the older group of women. Questions relating to the risks of long-term IUD use and the use of hormone releasing IUDs in this age group remain unanswered. PMID- 3213677 TI - Cellular Ca2+ regulation. Proceedings of a satellite symposium of the 30th International Congress of Physiological Sciences. July 11-12, 1986, Seattle, Washington. PMID- 3213676 TI - Mechanisms of mitochondrial calcium transport. AB - Mitochondria are known to possess a rapid calcium uptake mechanism or uniport and both sodium-dependent and sodium-independent efflux mechanisms. Whether sodium independent calcium efflux is mediated and whether sodium-dependent calcium efflux can be found in liver mitochondria have been questioned. Kinetics results relevant to the answers of these questions are discussed below. A slow, mediated, sodium-independent calcium efflux mechanism is identified which shows second order kinetics. This mechanism, which shows "nonessential activation" kinetics, has a Vmax around 1.2 nmol calcium per mg protein per min and a half maximal velocity around 8.4 nmol calcium per mg protein. A slow, sodium-dependent calcium efflux mechanism is identified, which is first order in calcium and second order in sodium. This mechanism has a Vmax around 2.6 nmol of calcium per mg protein per min. The sodium dependence is half saturated at an external sodium concentration of 9.4 mM, and the calcium dependence is half saturated at an internal calcium concentration of 8.1 nmol calcium per mg protein. The cooperativity of the sodium dependence effectively permits a terreactant system to be fit by a bireactant model in which [Na] only appears as the square of [Na]. This liver system shows simultaneous, as opposed to ping-pong, kinetics. It is also found to be sensitive to inhibition by tetraphenyl phosphonium, magnesium, and ruthenium red. A model is proposed in which mitochondrial calcium transport could function to "shape the pulses" of cytosolic calcium. Simultaneously, mitochondria may mediate a "calcium memory" coupled perhaps to activation of cytosolic events through calmodulin or perhaps to activation of electron transport through the activation of specific dehydrogenases by intramitochondrial calcium. PMID- 3213678 TI - Sodium-calcium exchange in platelet plasma membrane vesicles. PMID- 3213679 TI - Effect of Ca2+ channel blockers on passive calcium influx into resealed human red blood cell ghosts. PMID- 3213681 TI - Cellular Ca2+ dyshomeostasis in the liver in endotoxic shock. PMID- 3213680 TI - Altered calcium homeostasis and membrane integrity in myocardial cell injury. PMID- 3213682 TI - Evidence for hexagonal II phase lipid involvement in mitochondrial Ca2+ movements. PMID- 3213683 TI - Abnormal Ca2+ transport characteristics of hepatoma mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3213684 TI - Role of ATP and Na+ in the regulation of cytosolic free calcium in kidney cells. PMID- 3213686 TI - Relationship between cytosolic free calcium ion concentration and the control of pyruvate dehydrogenase in isolated cardiac myocytes and synaptosomes. PMID- 3213685 TI - AGEPC: a potent calcium-dependent chemical mediator in the liver. PMID- 3213687 TI - The activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by glucagon in hepatocytes is diminished by phorbol myristate acetate: a role for cytoplasmic calcium in dehydrogenase regulation. PMID- 3213688 TI - The role of calcium and phospholipase A2 in glucagon-induced enhancement of mitochondrial calcium retention. PMID- 3213689 TI - The relative importance of calcium influx and efflux via Na-Ca exchange in cultured myocardial cells. PMID- 3213690 TI - Na-Ca exchange in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. PMID- 3213691 TI - Biology of growth factors. Molecular biology, oncogenes, signal transduction, and clinical implications. Proceedings of the triennial symposium of the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre. June 17-19, 1987, Toronto, Canada. PMID- 3213692 TI - Abnormalities of visually induced eye movements in thalamic lesions. PMID- 3213693 TI - Some mechanisms in the predictive control of smooth pursuit eye movements. PMID- 3213694 TI - Normal predictive function in smooth pursuit. PMID- 3213695 TI - Saccadic eye movements induced by directional hearing stimuli. PMID- 3213696 TI - Postural control in the oldest olds. PMID- 3213697 TI - Behavior of the vestibulo-ocular reflex at high rotational velocities in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 3213698 TI - Analysis of vestibulo-ocular reflex using sweep frequency active head movements. PMID- 3213699 TI - Test-retest reliability of the rotatory test in normal subjects. PMID- 3213700 TI - Beat-to-beat variability of nystagmus. A clinical study. PMID- 3213701 TI - Physiological characteristics of the primary horizontal canal neurons in guinea pigs: response difference between alert and anesthetized animals. PMID- 3213702 TI - Rotatory evoked potentials in normal and labyrinthectomized rabbits. PMID- 3213703 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of lesions of the central vestibular structures. PMID- 3213704 TI - Vascular disease as a cause of vertigo and hearing loss: the role of 'normal' alcohol consumption. PMID- 3213705 TI - Quantified EEG cartography, computerized electro-oculography in hemodynamic vertebrobasilar insufficiency, modifications induced by vertebral artery compression. PMID- 3213706 TI - The effects of ethyl alcohol on the non-linear characteristics of visual vestibular interaction. PMID- 3213708 TI - Impaired discharge of the eye velocity storage mechanism in patients with lesions of the vestibulo-cerebellum. PMID- 3213707 TI - Evaluation of VOR function with gaze stabilization. PMID- 3213709 TI - Vertical canal stimulation abolishes horizontal velocity storage: effects on optokinetic nystagmus and eye movements evoked by a rotating linear acceleration. PMID- 3213710 TI - The effect of alertness on the velocity storage mechanism. PMID- 3213711 TI - Effect of VOR gain changes on OKR gain control in human subjects. PMID- 3213712 TI - Visual modulatory influences of vestibulo-ocular reflex in patients with vertigo. PMID- 3213713 TI - Linear displacement can be derived from otolithic information and stored on spatial maps controlling the saccadic system. PMID- 3213714 TI - Compensatory eye movement gain and head-eye latencies change with verbal feedback: voluntary adjustment of gaze types. PMID- 3213715 TI - Distribution of retinal ganglion cells projecting into the nucleus of the optic tract in rat. AB - The present study indicates that visual signals responsible for OKN are conducted through the retinal ganglion cells mainly contralaterally, and only in the ventral region of the retina ipsilateral to the injection site. The retinal ganglion cells projecting into the NOT ipsilateral to the injection site were identified as small- and medium-sized cells in the rat. The density of the ventral ganglion cells of the retina contralateral to the injection site was lower than that in any other regions of the retina except for the dorsal region of the retina, and the density of the ventral ganglion cells ipsilateral to the injection site was about 4 times greater than that on the contralateral side. This finding requires physiological investigation in the future. PMID- 3213716 TI - Effects of pretectal lesions in monkeys on two components of optokinetic nystagmus. PMID- 3213717 TI - Clinical testing of the vestibular system. Selected papers of the Barany Society Meeting. Bologna, June 1-4, 1987. PMID- 3213719 TI - A new visual suppression test using postrotatory nystagmus. PMID- 3213718 TI - Vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic nystagmus in microgravity. PMID- 3213720 TI - The influence of hyperventilation on caloric and optokinetic responses in normal and pathological subjects. PMID- 3213721 TI - Pre- and postflight (D-1) postural control in tilting environments. PMID- 3213722 TI - Hearing in patients with Meniere's disease after exposure to low ambient pressure and after ingestion of glycerol and urea. PMID- 3213723 TI - Perilymphatic fistulae: a single-blind clinical histopathologic study. PMID- 3213724 TI - Otolithic Tullio phenomenon typically presents as paroxysmal ocular tilt reaction. PMID- 3213725 TI - Inner ear damage induced by bacteria. Morphological and behavioral study. PMID- 3213726 TI - Recovery of resting activity in the ipsilateral vestibular nucleus following unilateral labyrinthectomy: noncommissural influences. PMID- 3213727 TI - Determinants of space perception in space flight. PMID- 3213728 TI - Horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflexes in humans with only one horizontal semicircular canal. PMID- 3213730 TI - Neurotological differentiation between cerebellar and brain stem lesions. PMID- 3213729 TI - Primary position upbeat nystagmus in man and cats. PMID- 3213731 TI - Diagnostic confirmation of lesions in cerebellar peduncles by combined use of optokinetic nystagmus and fixation-suppression of caloric nystagmus. PMID- 3213732 TI - Studies on voluntary and reflexive optokinetic nystagmus in cerebellar disorders: with qualitative and quantitative tests. PMID- 3213734 TI - Dementia and eye movements. PMID- 3213733 TI - Otoneurological symptomatology in Lyme disease. PMID- 3213735 TI - Is the noradrenergic neuron system in the brain stem related to motion sickness in rats? PMID- 3213737 TI - The effects of baclofen on periodic alternating nystagmus and experimentally induced nystagmus. PMID- 3213736 TI - Modulation of coordinated head-eye movements by alcohol and benzodiazepines. PMID- 3213738 TI - Effects of intravenously given barbiturate and diazepam on eye motor performance in man. PMID- 3213739 TI - Results of conservative treatment of Meniere's disease and prediction of the therapeutic effect by Hayashi's quantification method. PMID- 3213740 TI - Intramastoid drainage surgery for Meniere's disease--critical analysis of variation of surgical results for Meniere's disease. PMID- 3213742 TI - Indications and results of neurovascular decompression of the eighth cranial nerve for vertigo, tinnitus and hearing disturbances. PMID- 3213741 TI - Cochleosacculotomy for Meniere's disease. PMID- 3213743 TI - Long-term relief by caloric stimulation in the treatment of vertigo. PMID- 3213744 TI - Comparative study of two types of exercise treatment for paroxysmal positioning vertigo. PMID- 3213745 TI - Curing the BPPV with a liberatory maneuver. PMID- 3213746 TI - Computation of eye-head movements in oscillopsic patients: modifications induced by reeducation. PMID- 3213748 TI - Objective and quantitative vestibular spinal testing by means of computer-video cranio-corpo-graphy. PMID- 3213747 TI - Eye movements induced by calorization of the vertical semicircular canals. A study in pigeon. PMID- 3213750 TI - Median filtering of stabilometric data. PMID- 3213749 TI - Spaceflight affects the 1-g postrotatory vestibulo-ocular reflex. PMID- 3213751 TI - Computer analysis of nystagmus using a syntactic pattern recognition. PMID- 3213752 TI - Influence of pressure loading to the external auditory canal on standing posture in normal and pathological subjects. PMID- 3213753 TI - Computer simulation of eye movements for teaching and training in ocular motor pathology. PMID- 3213754 TI - Superimposition of ENG recording on video eye movements (congenital nystagmus). PMID- 3213755 TI - Pupil size and microgravity. PMID- 3213756 TI - A new method for evaluating autonomic nervous function in patients with equilibrium disorders. PMID- 3213757 TI - Variations of biphasic head shake response: physiology and clinical significance. PMID- 3213758 TI - [Red blood cell aggregability in branch retinal vein occlusion]. PMID- 3213759 TI - [Accommodation in relation to changes in the size of the visual object]. PMID- 3213761 TI - [ERG studies of the retinal function in the initial stage of the rabbit obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 3213760 TI - [The study of the components of pattern ERG--2. Longstanding optic neuritis]. PMID- 3213762 TI - [Tigroid fundus and diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 3213763 TI - [Japanese cedar pollen-specific antibodies of IgE and IgG subclasses in patients with allergic conjunctivitis]. PMID- 3213764 TI - [Inward and the outward permeability of the blood-ocular barrier in monkeys]. PMID- 3213765 TI - [Treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm with botulinum A toxin (Oculinum)]. PMID- 3213766 TI - [The long-term effects of local medication on intraocular pressure control in primary angle-closure glaucoma]. PMID- 3213768 TI - [Pyridine nucleotide autofluorescence in the rabbit lens]. PMID- 3213767 TI - [Pathologic response of the retinal pigment epithelium. Migration and mitosis]. PMID- 3213769 TI - [Aging effects on spatial frequency characteristics measured by VECPs]. PMID- 3213770 TI - [Clinical and histopathological study of lamellar separation in senile cataracts]. PMID- 3213771 TI - [Localization of the components of the electrically evoked response (EER) of the visual system]. PMID- 3213772 TI - [Natural antibody to sheep red blood cell in human sera. 2. Uveitis cases]. PMID- 3213773 TI - [Pathogenetic analysis of postoperative protein concentration and cell count of fibrin exudate in the anterior chamber of the eye with a posterior chamber lens]. PMID- 3213774 TI - [Spontaneous, rhythmic potentials recorded from the vitreous cavity of urethane anesthetized rats]. PMID- 3213775 TI - [Effects of sodium hyaluronate on monkey eyes]. PMID- 3213777 TI - [Glial cell changes in the rabbit optic disc in experimental glaucoma]. PMID- 3213776 TI - [Ultrastructural study on retinal arteriolar caliber irregularity in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)]. PMID- 3213779 TI - [Binocular interaction in anisometropic amblyopia using the static random-dot stereogram VEP and the pattern reversal VEP]. PMID- 3213778 TI - [Visual improvement in diabetic macular edema by hyperbaric oxygen treatment]. PMID- 3213780 TI - [Comparison of color vision and pattern VECP in optic neuritis]. PMID- 3213781 TI - [In vivo measurement of blood flow volume in the monkey retina]. PMID- 3213782 TI - [Screening visual field test considering priori probability]. PMID- 3213783 TI - [Diabetic retinal pigment epitheliopathy]. PMID- 3213784 TI - [Studies of the metabolism of cholesterol in lenses of hereditary cataractous mice]. PMID- 3213785 TI - [Histological studies of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor in the jaundiced rabbit]. PMID- 3213786 TI - [Clinical study of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment secondary to old branch retinal vein occlusion in the evaluation of the pathogenesis and treatment]. PMID- 3213787 TI - [Estimation of corneoconjunctival damage due to topical ophthalmic agents by biochemical analysis of tear fluid]. PMID- 3213788 TI - [An architectural study of mixed uric acid and calcium oxalate stones by polarized light microscopy of thin section]. AB - The architecture of mixed uric acid and calcium oxalate stones was studied by polarized light microscopy. Some uric acid stones contained calcium oxalate stones (whewellite or weddellite) as a nucleus. Other uric acid stones contained calcium oxalate crystals in the nucleus or inner portion. A uric acid stone covered with layers of calcium oxalate was also found. In the mixed stones, nuclei of randomly mixed fine grained whewellite and uric acid were seen and both crystals appeared in alternating sequence in the outer layers. Weddellite crystals dissolved layers of uric acid and invaded into them in the nuclear or peripheral zones. Whewellite may precipitate in the same or a similar condition as uric acid precipitates, whereas weddellite may precipitate in a different condition. We discussed the pathogenesis of mixed uric acid and calcium oxalate stones, heterogeneous nucleation and epitaxial growth based on a morphologic study of the mixed stones. PMID- 3213789 TI - [Clinical studies of the recurrence of urolithiasis (3). Influence of sodium intake on urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, oxalate, phosphate and magnesium]. AB - Relationship between urinary sodium excretion and urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, oxalate, phosphate and magnesium was analyzed in 93 ambulatory patients with urolithiasis. There was a significant correlationship between urinary sodium excretion and urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, oxalate (only in male stone formers), phosphate and magnesium, respectively. Under a salt restricted diet (NaCl 3-5 gm/day) for 3 days, urinary sodium excretion of 16 inpatients with urolithiasis was reduced remarkably together with significant reduction of urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid and oxalate. Urinary excretion of phosphate and magnesium showed no change. From these findings we conclude that restriction of sodium intake is an effective treatment for prevention of stone recurrence. PMID- 3213790 TI - [Clinical studies of the recurrence of urolithiasis (4). Crystal formation in urine and stone recurrence]. AB - Relationship between stone formation and crystal formation in urine was studied. Crystals in the sediments of early morning urine in 238 stone formers and the same numbers of non-stone formers were examined by light microscopy. Almost all crystals found in the early morning urine were composed of calcium oxalate both in stone formers and in non-stone formers. The frequency of calcium oxalate crystal formation was slightly higher in stone formers than in non-stone formers, but, no significant difference was noted. On the other hand, the urine containing calcium oxalate crystals of the stone formers had significantly lower specific gravity than that of the non-stone formers. Calcium oxalate crystals in the urine were formed significantly more frequently in the recurrent or bilateral male stone formers than in male unilateral stone formers without previous stone history. Frequency of calcium oxalate crystal formation was not influenced by urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphate and magnesium. These finding led us to the conclusion that it was clinically useful to measure urinary specific gravity in which calcium oxalate crystals were formed in predicting the risk of stone formation. PMID- 3213791 TI - [Recurrence of upper urinary tract calculi]. AB - Treatment of upper urinary tract stones has changed greatly. The recurrence of calculi after the discharge was studied in the 634 patients with urolithiasis admitted to our department during the 9 years up to the end of 1984. The recurrence rate in the 325 cases followed for more than 3 months after the disappearance of the original stones, was 15.6% after 2 years, 27.6% after 5 year and 51.4% after 8 years. In recurrent stone formers, the rate of recurrence thereafter was greater than that of primary stone formers. The growth of calculi was rapid in the renal stone former concomitant with urinary tract infection together with a past history of renal surgery. In relation to the composition of the stone, uric acid calculi tended to recur more often than calculi composed of other substances. In view of recurrence, pyelolithotomy is preferred to renal parenchymal incision. PMID- 3213792 TI - [Management of endourological technics with upper urinary tract diseases except urolithiasis]. AB - Fifteen patients with stricture of upper urinary tract and 4 patients suspected of having upper tract carcinoma were managed with endourological (percutaneous or transurethral) techniques. The strictures were treated with various dilation catheters and the optical urethrotome. Eleven cases (73.3%) were successfully treated and satisfactory urinary passage was attained. The 4 patients suspected of having upper tract neoplasms were diagnosed accurately with endoscopy, 2 patients had transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis and the others had benign ureteral polyps. The endourological technique was a useful method for the treatment of ureteral stenosis and the diagnosis of upper tract neoplasm except for the treatment of urolithiasis. This technique will become useful tool in urology. PMID- 3213793 TI - [A clinical study of 33 cases of renal pelvic and ureteral tumors]. AB - Thirty-three cases of primary renal pelvic and/or ureteral tumors, i.e., 14 renal pelvic tumors, 14 ureteral tumors and 5 renal pelvic and ureteral tumors, treated at our hospital between November, 1976 and August, 1987 are reviewed retrospectively. Tumor occurred on the right side in 18 cases, left side in 14 cases and bilateral in one case. The patients ranged in age from 33 to 77 years (average 65.7 years), the sex ratio was 4.5:1 with male predominance over female. The most frequent symptoms were gross hematuria in 22 cases (67%). Interval from onset of initial symptoms to first visit within one month for 23 cases (70%). The major findings of excretory urograms were non-visualizing kidney in 18 cases (55%) and filling defect in 12 cases (36%). Positive urinary cytology was obtained in 18 cases (55%). Operative therapy was performed in all cases, namely, total nephroureterectomy with partial cystectomy in 21 cases (64%) and nephrectomy with transurethral ureterectomy in 7 cases (21%). Histopathologically, all cases but one case of squamous cell carcinoma were transitional cell carcinoma. Subsequent bladder tumors were found in 10 cases (30%). The overall survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years were 84%, 68% and 61%, respectively by Kaplan-Meier method. In this series, grade and stage of tumor were the most influential factors for prognosis. PMID- 3213794 TI - [Four cases of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma after radical cystectomy in bladder cancer]. AB - One hundred and eighty-six patients with primary transitional cell carcinoma underwent radical cystectomy between 1965 to December, 1986. Four of them (2.2%) had developed upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. Three of the 4 patients had received various transurethral treatments for the primary bladder lesions before radical cystectomy, but one patient had undergone total cystectomy and ileal conduit as primary treatment. All of the upper urinary tract tumors were invasive. Three patients died and one is alive. We consider the following to be high risk patients for the development of upper tract recurrence. 1) patients with carcinoma-in-situ and multicentric tumors in the bladder, 2) patients with recurrent bladder cancer treated with bladder preserving treatment for a long periods, 3) patients with vesicoureteral reflux, and 4) occupational bladder cancer patients. PMID- 3213795 TI - [Treatment and prophylaxis for urogenital infections occurring after urethrocystoscopy]. AB - To prevent urogenital infections occurring after urethrocystoscopy, we have studied the prevalence of these diseases without the use of antibiotic agents subsequent to urethrocystoscopy to determine the relative importance of aseptic procedures and whether administration of antibiotics is really required for this purpose. Patients enrolled in the present study included those undergoing urethrocystoscopy at four hospitals, totaling 146 patients (93 male and 53 female patients). All of these patients were apparently free of urogenital infections prior to urethrocystoscopy, with less than 5 leucocytes per field in urinary sediment, and a bacteria count of less than 10(4) cells/ml. Each patient was checked between 3 and 14 days after examination for 1) presence of clinical symptoms such as fever, bladder irritation symptoms and urethral secretion, 2) urinalysis and urinary culture, and 3) palpation of epididymis, testis and prostatic gland as required. The endoscope was sterilized for 20 to 30 minutes with 2% glutaraldehyde at 3 clinical institutions and with 0.5% chlorhexidine at the other, in a total of 116 and 30 patients, respectively. Sterilized distilled water was used as perfusate. The external urethral meatus of the subject was disinfected with 0.5% chlorhexidine, followed by local anesthesia with xylocaine jelly. Ten minutes after disinfecting the hands of the examiner, urethroscopy and cystoscopy were performed in this order. Urinary tract infection was detected in one male patient (1.1%) and 2 female patients (3.3%). In these cases, the endoscope was sterilized with glutaraldehyde in 2 cases and with chlorhexidine in the other. None of the subjects demonstrated fever or genital infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213797 TI - [Renal artery thrombosis following surgical treatment of chyluria]. AB - A case of segmental renal arterial thrombosis occurring after bilateral surgical stripping and interruption of renal pedicle lymphatics for chyluria is presented. This case showed elevation of serum creatinine (6.6 mg/dl) and lactate dehydrogenase (1131 IU/L) on the 4th day after operation, and on the 14th day, renal scintigraphy with 99 m-Tc diethylenetriamine penta acid acetic showed bilateral marked decrease of glomerular filtration rate. Aortography and selective left renal angiography demonstrated left segmental renal thrombosis, but right renal arteries were intact on the 20th day after operation. Systemic anticoagulation therapy was performed, but left renal function was destroyed completely. Excessive and prolonged retraction of the renal artery with vascular tape may have resulted in this unfortunate complication. PMID- 3213796 TI - [Unexpected renal cell carcinomas found during the operation in renal calculus: report of two cases]. AB - Case 1: A 58-year-old man was seen with dull pain over the left flank. The X-ray examination revealed a renal stone in the left kidney. On operation, a globular hard mass was found in the lower portion of the posterior aspect of the kidney from which a biopsy specimen was obtained. A frozen section study showed renal cell carcinoma, and nephrectomy was performed. The patient is well four years after the operation without recurrence or metastasis. Case 2: A 50-year-old man consulted with microhematuria pointed out in a physical examination. At the operation for renal stone, we found the mass in the lower portion of the kidney. A frozen section study of the mass revealed renal cell carcinoma. We performed nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy on the renal pedicle. The patient is well three years after the operation. We reviewed the cases of renal cell carcinoma associated with renal calculi reported in Japan and discussed how the nephrectomy should be performed according to the frozen section study. PMID- 3213798 TI - [A case of leiomyoblastoma probably derived from the renal capsule]. AB - A 45-year-old female visited our Department on February 7, 1986, with the principal complaint of swelling in the right upper abdomen. She was hospitalized on February 20. Ultrasonography, DIP, CT and right renal arteriography were performed. On March 10, the right kidney was extirpated transabdominally. The extirpated kidney weighed 1.2 kg and tightly adhered to the renal capsule. The kidney included a solid, yellowish white, homogeneous tumor. There was also a cyst outside of the tumor. The tumor was limited within, and easily separated from, Gerota's fascia. Pathological diagnosis revealed that the tumor was a leiomyoblastoma originated from the blood vessel. On March 26, postoperative VAC therapy (1 mg vincristine; 300 mg cyclophosphamide; 2 mg actinomycin D) was performed, and the patient was released from the hospital on April 8. As of August of 1987, no relapse of the disease has been detected. There have been very few reports of leiomyoblastoma in Japan. Whether leiomyoblastoma might take a malignant course was investigated to some extent on the basis of the reported literature. PMID- 3213799 TI - [Primary adenocarcinoma of the ureter associated with hypocalcemia: report of a case]. AB - A case of primary adenocarcinoma of the ureter, associated with severe hypocalcemia in a 73-year-old man is reported. The patient had undergone left nephrectomy for pyonephrosis due to a ureteral stone, 29 years previously. On November 4, 1986, he visited the hospital with dysuria and overflow incontinence as the chief complaints. He was admitted with suspicion of prostatic carcinoma, but prostatic stones and chronic prostatitis were proven. However, urine cytology showed adenocarcinoma cells, and a ureteral tumor was found at the right ureterovesical junction. On December 10, right partial ureterectomy, total cystectomy and right ureterocutaneostomy were performed. Moderately differentiated, invasive adenocarcinoma was found at the right ureteral end, 1.5 cm in length and in part poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma was present continuously to the adenocarcinoma. Hypocalcemia was cured easily with activated vitamin D3. The patient, 9 months after the operation, is apparently free of the ureteral tumor. PMID- 3213800 TI - [Reevaluation of clinical efficacy of piperacillin against complicated urinary tract infections]. AB - Forty-six inpatients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) were treated with 2 g piperacillin (PIPC) twice a day through drip intravenous infusion. After 5 days, evaluation was made using the criteria proposed by the UTI Committee in Japan. The overall clinical efficacy was rated "excellent" in 4 (8.9%), "moderate" in 22 (47.8%), and "poor" in 20 (43.5%) cases with a total efficacy rate of 56.5% (26/46). We previously presented the clinical efficacy of PIPC in 74 cases with complicated UTI. Herein, a total of 120 cases were analyzed and these cases were divided into two groups. The overall clinical efficacy, bacteriological response, type of infection, background of patients and its safety were evaluated. Almost no change was seen for four years. Also this study revealed the usefulness against Enterococcus infections. In conclusion, PIPC is still a useful antimicrobial agent against complicated UTI even after the appearance of many new Cephems. PMID- 3213801 TI - [Clinical efficacy of flucytosine on urinary candidiasis]. AB - An antifungal agent (Flucytosine) was used to treat urinary candidiasis in 9 patients who had an indwelling catheter and developed fungal colony counts greater than 10(4). Among 9 patients with catheter drainage, urologic underlying diseases were benign prostatic hyperplasia in 7 and a neurogenic bladder in one patient all of whom had accompanied diabetes mellitus. Only one patient was supravesically diverted from the upper urinary tract through an indwelling catheter of bilateral ureterocutaneostomy after the removal of a tumorous bladder. All patients had previously received antimicrobials. Isolated strains of Candida were Candida albicans in 6, Candida tropicalis in 2, and Candida parapsilosis in one patient. Out of 9 patients having received daily administration of 1,500 mg Flucytosine for 2 weeks, 7 patients subsequently had no yield of fungal colony after the treatment. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this agent was determined at the range of 0.1 to 0.2 microgram/ml in 5 patients with C. albicans and 0.2 microgram/ml in both patients with C. tropicalis. Otherwise, a high MIC of over 100 micrograms/ml indicating resistance to this agent was observed in only 2 patients with C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. Three of the 7 patients had recurrent urinary Candida infection even 2 weeks after the discontinuation of this antifungal therapy despite rapid and excellent eradication of urinary candidiasis. From these results, Flucytosine may be one of the most promising antifungal agent with a low MIC in the treatment of compromised urinary Candida infection and should be occasionally supplemented with a topical instillation of amphotericin B without any serious complication in the prevention of recurrence. PMID- 3213802 TI - [Minocycline diffusion into prostatic tissue]. AB - We evaluated the concentration of minocycline in human prostatic tissue. Twenty six patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate, two patients undergoing open prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia and two patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer were studied. Prostatic tissue and blood were sampled at 1, 2 or 3 hours after the intravenous administration of 200 mg of minocycline. The concentration of minocycline was 2.95 +/- 1.39 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD) in serum and 1.97 +/- 0.79 cg/g (mean +/- SD) in the prostatic tissue. The ratio of the prostatic concentration/serum concentration was 0.76 +/- 0.33 (mean +/- SD). PMID- 3213804 TI - Individual AIDS care costs decreasing over time, study shows. PMID- 3213803 TI - [Ofloxacin for the treatment of chlamydial urethritis]. AB - The effect of Ofloxacin administered orally 600 mg everyday for 14 days was evaluated in 20 male patients with Chlamydial urethritis, in whom Chlamydia was identified from urethral secretion by immunohistochemical technique using monoclonal primary antibody specific for all known serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis and psittaci. 19 out of the 20 patients showed an improvement of subjective and/or objective symptoms after the treatment. The Chlamydia reaction turned to negative in 13 patients and to (+/-) in another patient. The overall clinical effect was excellent in 7, good in 6 and poor in 7, showing a effective rate of 65%. No side effects were observed. PMID- 3213805 TI - We the people: our inalienable right to quality health care. PMID- 3213806 TI - Evaluation of prescribing errors and pharmacist interventions in community practice: an estimate of 'value added'. PMID- 3213807 TI - Gynecologic malignancies: detection, prevention, and therapeutics. Part 2. Cervical and endometrial cancer. PMID- 3213808 TI - Repackaging prescription drugs--another view. PMID- 3213809 TI - Pharmacognosy training losing ground. PMID- 3213810 TI - Washington letter. PMID- 3213811 TI - Vibration in textile mills. AB - The vibration in nine halls of the six weaving mills was measured in 1978-80. The measurements were taken at regular intervals in the working area of the weavers, which was the wooden support attached to the machine or the floor of the textile mill. The accelerometer was mounted with screws onto the working area, and all vibration samples were analyzed immediately, in situ. The vibration of the floor was tangent to or exceeded slightly the "reduced comfort boundary" specified in International Standard ISO 2631/1 (1985) only in the areas where the floor was not against the ground. The greatest amount of vibration occurred on the supports which had been attached to the machines. On these supports the vibration in places exceeded the "fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary." PMID- 3213812 TI - Acute effect upon pulmonary function of low level exposure to phenol-formaldehyde resin-coated wood. PMID- 3213813 TI - Airborne concentrations, skin contamination, and urinary metabolite excretion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among paving workers exposed to coal tar derived road tars. AB - The exposure of surface dressing workers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was studied. Four different paving sites, at which coal tar-containing binders were applied, were selected as work sites with high exposure levels of PAH. Breathing zone airborne particulates, contamination of the skin with PAH, and 1-hydroxypyrene in urine of the workers involved in chip sealing were determined. Substantial concentrations of cyclohexane-soluble airborne particulate matter were found (GM = 0.2 mg/m3, n = 28). Skin contamination was determined using two different methods: with exposure pads and by hand washing. Pads were mounted on several parts of the body: wrist, elbow, neck, shoulder, and ankle. The pads located on the wrist appeared to be the most contaminated (pyrene: GM = 22 ng/1.77 cm2, n = 40). The end-of-shift hand washing showed that the hands of the workers were contaminated with PAH (pyrene: GM = 70 micrograms, n = 35). Preshift hand washing showed far lower, but detectable, quantities of PAH on workers' hands (pyrene: GM = 5 micrograms, n = 35). Enhanced levels of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene among the workers were found. The highest levels were found in the end-of-shift urine samples. Correlations between the pyrene exposure variables were studied. Significant positive correlations were found between pyrene on the wrist pad versus end-of-shift urinary 1-hydroxypyrene; between pyrene on the hands versus end-of-shift urinary 1-hydroxypyrene; and between the two different skin contamination variables. PMID- 3213814 TI - A study of burn-through times for laser protective eyewear. AB - The authors studied the performance of laser protective eyewear currently in use at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: a goggle with a cellulose propionate filter from Glendale Protective Technologies and a goggle with a glass optical filter from Spectra Optics. A new polycarbonate optical filter material from Glendale was studied also, and its performance was compared with that of the cellulose propionate material. The authors used three lasers in the study: a single-pulse (variable pulse length) Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm; a pulsed copper-vapor laser with a pulse-repetition frequency of 6.08 kHz and a wavelength of 510.6 nm; and a pulsed xenon-fluoride laser with a repetition rate variable up to 100 Hz and a wavelength of 351 nm. Where possible, the output power of each laser was increased systematically to the damage threshold of the material and beyond. The results showed that the new polycarbonate optical filter suffered less damage at equivalent laser beam challenges than the cellulose propionate optical filter. The glass goggle, which was designed specifically for use at the 510.5-nm wavelength, sustained no visible damage from the specified laser light at the highest power levels the authors could achieve. PMID- 3213815 TI - Experiments supporting the use of ambient aerosols for quantitative respirator fit testing. AB - Most methods for testing facial seal leakage on subjects undergoing respirator fit tests involve comparing the generated aerosol particulate concentration inside the subject's respirator to the concentration in a test chamber. These aerosols are produced by fogging substances such as corn oil, dioctyl sebacate, or dioctyl phthalate (DOP) into the test chamber. The health effects of these substances and of their aerosols on respiratory systems are uncertain. The proposed alternate method uses as a test medium ambient particles which exist in most room atmospheres. The proposed method eliminates the need for a test chamber and for an intentionally produced aerosol. The subject is tested for respirator inleakage by comparing the particulate count concentration inside the subject's respirator to that of the room atmosphere outside the respirator. This method is less expensive and simpler to administer than the use of oil or other deliberately produced aerosols because it uses an existing ambient test medium. Statistical analysis of the test data indicates favorable comparison with the conventional chamber-aerosol method. PMID- 3213816 TI - An industrial hygiene appraisal of triethylamine and dimethylethylamine exposure limits in the foundry industry. AB - For nearly two decades, triethylamine and dimethylethylamine have been used as catalysts for phenolic urethane cold box binders in the foundry industry. During that time there have been reports of employees experiencing visual disturbances as a result of exposure to these amines. Some of these accounts have reported visual disturbances occurring at exposure levels below present limits. This study was conducted to define visual effects experienced by employees and to determine ambient concentrations at which effects were occurring. Study results suggest that present exposure limits may not be adequate to prevent the occurrence of visual disturbances. Suggested exposure guidelines have been developed which, it is believed, will prevent the occurrence of these unwanted effects. PMID- 3213817 TI - A field evaluation of air sampling methods for TNT and RDX. AB - A comparative field study was conducted at an ammunition plant to evaluate the use of several sampling techniques for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). The objective was to compare the currently recommended combination Tenax-plus-filter tubes with the older, colorimetric diethylaminoethanol bubbler method which was in use in July 1950 when the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) published their first Threshold Limit Values (TLVs). These values included a TLV of 1.5 mg/m3 for TNT. Regular Tenax tubes and 37-mm glass fiber filters also were tested since they also had been used by the United States Army for a number of years. The survey results showed fair agreement between the bubbler and tube methods in those instances where sufficient TNT was present to produce a measurable color in the diethylaminoethanol (DEAE). The glass fiber filters were not satisfactory for TNT retention, but the two types of tubes both were effective. The combination tubes were superior for RDX and appeared to be the best overall sampling medium. PMID- 3213818 TI - Effects of psychophysical lifting training on maximal repetitive lifting capacity. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of psychophysical lifting training on maximal repetitive lifting capacity. Maximal repetitive lifting capacity was defined as the maximum box mass that could be lifted for 1 hr to a height of 132 cm at a rate of 6 lifts/min. Eight male subjects participated in five psychophysical lifting training sessions each week for 4 weeks. During each session subjects were presented with one empty and one heavily loaded box and asked to adjust the box mass to the maximum load they felt capable of lifting for 1 hr. This load was lifted at a rate of 6 lifts/min to a height of 132 cm for two 15-min periods each session. Heart rate was recorded, and subjects were asked to provide a rating of their perceived exertion. At the end of 4 weeks of training, subjects did not select a heavier training load, exhibit a decreased training heart rate, or report a decreased rating of perceived exertion. The training program did produce a significant increase in 1 hr maximal repetitive lifting capacity, as indicated by a greater box mass selected, but there was no concomitant change in VO2, heart rate, or rating of perceived exertion. It can be concluded that 4 weeks of psychophysical training of inexperienced lifters can produce a substantial increase in work output for a given energy expenditure. These increases are attributed to neural factors (skill, neuromuscular coordination) and to possible increases in the muscular endurance of specific muscle groups occurring with practice. PMID- 3213819 TI - Cellular stages in cartilage formation as revealed by morphometry, radioautography and type II collagen immunostaining of the mandibular condyle from weanling rats. AB - The role played by cell addition, cell enlargement, and matrix deposition in the endochondral growth of the condyle was assessed in weanling rats by four approaches making use of the light microscope: morphometry, 3H-thymidine radioautography, 3H-proline radioautography, and immunostaining for the cartilage specific type II collagen. From the articular surface down, the condyle may be divided into five layers made up of cells embedded in a matrix: 1) the articular layer composed of static cells in a matrix rich in fibers presumed to be of type I collagen, 2) the polymorphic cell layer including the progenitor cells from which arise the cells undergoing endochondral changes, 3) the flattened cell layer in which cells produce a precartilagenous matrix devoid of type II collagen while undergoing differentiation in two stages: a "chondroblast" stage and a short "flattened chondrocyte" stage when intracellular type II collagen elaboration begins, 4) the upper hypertrophic cell layer, in which cells are "typical chondrocytes" that enlarge at a rapid rate, actively produce type II collagen, and deposit it into a cartilagenous matrix, and 5) the lower hypertrophic cell layer, composed of chondrocytes at a stage of terminal enlargement while the cartilagenous matrix is adapting for mineralization. 3H thymidine radioautographic results indicate that the turnover time of progenitor cells in the polymorphic cell layer is about 2.9 days. The time spent by cells at each stage of development is estimated to be 1.4 days as chondroblasts, 0.5 days as flattened chondrocytes, 2.3 days as the chondrocytes of the upper hypertrophic cell layer, and 1.1 days as those of the lower hypertrophic cell layer. Calculations referring to a 1 x 1-mm square-sided column extending from the articular surface to the zone of vascular invasion provide the daily rate of cell addition (0.0077 mm3), extracellular matrix deposition (0.0127 mm3), and cell enlargement (0.0302 mm3). Hence the respective contribution of the three factors to condyle growth is in a ratio of about 1:1.6:4. This result emphasizes the role played by cell enlargement in the overall growth of the condyle. PMID- 3213820 TI - Morphogenesis of the respiratory bronchiole in rhesus monkey lungs. AB - The epithelium of the respiratory bronchiole in the adult rhesus monkey consists of two populations: a pseudostratified epithelium with basal, mucous goblet, and ciliated cells located near the pulmonary artery (PA); and a simple cuboidal epithelium composed only of nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (or Clara) cells in areas away from the PA. This study describes the pattern of differentiation of these two epithelial populations, and their relationship to the PA and to the time of appearance of alveoli in the respiratory bronchiole of the rhesus monkey during the period of 90-125 days gestational age (DGA). These events were related to changes in the adjacent parenchyma. Dissected airways of infusion-fixed, critical-point-dried lungs were evaluated by scanning microscopy followed by light microscopy of the same airways. At 54% of gestation (90 DGA), the distal airway was lined by a mixture of ciliated and nonciliated cells. By 67% of gestation (110 DGA), the ciliated cells were confined to the epithelium over the PA. The underlying connective tissue initially was cellular containing few fibers but was fibrous by 76% of gestation (125 DGA). Alveolarization began near the most distal cartilage at 57% of gestation (95 DGA), the same period at which secondary septation occurred in the distal acinus. Thus, alveolarization occurred simultaneously in two centers: 1) the proximal centriacinar region in the vicinity of the most distal cartilage and 2) the distal lung parenchyma. The duration of centriacinar alveolarization was short, approximately 5 days. PMID- 3213821 TI - Cytoarchitecture of muscle in a genetic model of murine diabetes. AB - Although diabetic neuropathy is well documented, diabetic myopathy is not, except for descriptions of diabetic patients with muscular weakness thought to be due to metabolic changes in the muscle. Muscle and nerve are dependent on each other for normal structure and function; since the peripheral nerve is damaged in diabetes, one would expect concomitant changes in the muscle. This study examines the cytoarchitecture of diabetic muscle. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from 165-day-old C57BL/KsJ dbm mice were examined using electron microscopy. Morphological analysis of the diabetic EDL revealed that a significant number of the myofibers, examined within the midbelly region of the muscle, exhibited various degrees of degeneration, signs of denervation, and abnormal lipid stores. Both myoneural junctions and muscle spindles showed significant signs of degeneration, denervation, and abnormal structure. Thus the morphologic changes seen could account for the physiologic changes seen in diabetic muscle. PMID- 3213822 TI - Ultrastructure of the osteogenesis of acellular vertebral bone in the Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes (Teleostei, Cyprinidontidae). AB - An ultrastructural study by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the vertebrae of embryonic, larval, juvenile and mature medaka shows that each vertebra consists of a core of notochordal cells surrounded by a sheath of bone. The vertebral bone lacks either fully or partially embedded cells in the matrix throughout development. Bone matrix is secreted by a layer of cells that lies over the outer surface of the vertebral bone. During the early stages of osteogenesis, these cells secrete bone matrix all around themselves. However, because of the gradual flow of the newly synthesized bone matrix through intercellular spaces, matrix-producing cells do not become trapped in their own secretion. In later stages of osteogenesis, these cells secrete matrix only toward the already-deposited bone. This polarized matrix secretion allows the osteoblasts to stay always on the bone surface and never to become trapped in the matrix as osteocytes. PMID- 3213823 TI - Glycoconjugate histochemistry of the rat fundic gland using Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-II during the development. AB - The development and maturation of fundic glands of Wistar rats were studied using Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-II (GSA-II) histochemistry at the light microscopic and electron microscopic levels. In adult rats, mucous neck cells and cells intermediate between mucous neck cells and chief cells were specifically labeled with GSA-II, whereas other fundic gland cells were virtually negative. Ontogenetic studies revealed that GSA-II positive cells appeared at the bottom of the gland by 21 days of gestation. With differentiation and aging, the elongation of the fundic gland continued, and the labeling intensity of the mucous neck cells increased by 3 weeks after birth. Cells intermediate between mucous neck cells and chief cells were discernible from 3 days after birth. Typical mucous neck cells appeared at 3 weeks after birth, when their labeling intensity with colloidal gold (CG) particles approximated that of adults. On the other hand, the reactive cell population gradually moved from the bottom toward the middle portion of the gland. Finally, the reactive cells were localized at the neck portion of the fundic gland. These results suggest that GSA-II is a valuable marker for studying mucous neck cells and both their precursor cells and their derivatives. PMID- 3213824 TI - Ultrastructure of the mineralizing metacarpophalangeal joint of progressive ankylosis (ank/ank) mice. AB - The metacarpophalangeal joint of the progressive ankylosis mouse was examined at 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age by using electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. These studies describe the progression of the disorder, and they reveal three overlapping phases: pannus proliferation, chondrophyte formation and mineralization, and articular cartilage mineralization. The chondrophyte mineralized in a manner fairly similar to endochondrial bone, whereas articular cartilage mineralized by advancement of a calcification front across the cartilage. Synovial crystal phagocytosis was also observed. The progressive ankylosis mouse should be an important model for studying both crystal deposition and abnormal articular cartilage calcification. PMID- 3213825 TI - Neural and vascular provisions of rat interscapular brown adipose tissue. AB - The innervation of rat interscapular brown adipose tissue has been studied by light and fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy after treatment with "false" adrenergic neurotransmitters 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine. The vascular markers neoprene latex and thioflavin S were used to define the blood vascular arrangements within the around the tissue. Catecholaminergic innervation was revealed by fluorescence microscopy at both parenchymal and vasomotor sites. In animals injected with 6-hydroxydopamine, this catecholaminergic fluorescence was extinguished in the parenchymal nerve distribution and markedly reduced in the vasomotor plexus. Identification of an extensive network of noradrenergic vasomotor and parenchymal nerve terminals was established by electron microscopy after 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine administration, but unmarked terminals were also observed in both distributions. These unmarked terminals might represent an additional nonnoradrenergic nerve supply to interscapular brown adipose tissue. The thoracodorsal veins draining the fat pads are directly tributary to a large median perforating vein, which joins the azygos vein, and are also continuous with the axillary vein. In addition to the recognized vascular distribution pattern of lobular arteries supplying an abundant capillary plexus drained by lobular veins, direct arteriovenous anastomoses were observed within the interscapular brown fat pad. It is postulated that these additional vascular arrangements are determinant in the phenomenal increase in blood flow through brown adipose tissue during metabolic stimulation. PMID- 3213826 TI - Histology and functional morphology of the female reproductive tract of the tortoise Gopherus polyphemus. AB - The oviducts of 25 tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) were examined by using histology and scanning electron microscopy to determine oviductal functional morphology. Oviductal formation of albumen and eggshell was of particular interest. The oviduct is composed of 5 morphologically distinct regions; infundibulum, uterine tube, isthmus, uterus, and vagina. The epithelium consists of ciliated cells and microvillous secretory cells throughout the oviduct, whereas bleb secretory cells are unique to the infundibulum. The epithelium and endometrial glands of the uterine tube histologically resemble those of the avian magnum which produce egg albumen and may be functionally homologous. The isthmus is a short, nonglandular region of the oviduct and appears to contribute little to either albumen or eggshell formation. The uterus retains the eggs until oviposition and may form both the fibrous and calcareous eggshell. The endometrial glands are histologically similar to the endometrial glands of the isthmus of birds, which are known to secrete the fibers of the eggshell. These glands hypertrophy during vitellogenesis but become depleted during gravidity. The uterine epithelium may supply "plumping water" to the egg albumen as well as transport calcium ions for eggshell formation. The vagina is extremely muscular and serves as a sphincter to retain the eggs until oviposition. Sperm are found within the oviductal lumen and endometrial glands from the posterior tube to the anterior uterus throughout the reproductive cycle. This indicates sperm storage within the female tract, although the viability and reproductive significance of these sperm are unknown. PMID- 3213827 TI - Synthesis of lens capsule and plasma membrane glycoproteins by lens epithelial cells and fibers in the rat. AB - The lens of the eye possesses a capsule which is a greatly hypertrophied basement membrane. To investigate the synthesis of glycoproteins destined for this capsule, 3H-fucose was injected into the vitreous body of intact rats weighing approximately 200 gm. The animals were killed from 10 min to 14.5 months later, and their lenses were processed for electron microscope radioautography. At 10 min after injection, more than 58% of the silver grains were localized to the Golgi apparatus of the lens epithelial cells. By day 1, the heaviest sites of reaction were the plasma membrane (more than 50% of total label), the basal cytoplasm, and the adjacent lens capsule, where a heavy band of reaction was seen. The remainder of the capsule exhibited a lighter diffuse reaction. In the lens fibers, the label was at first localized to clusters of vesicles but then migrated to the plasma membrane and to the region of the capsule adjacent to the basal surface of these fibers. Light microscope radioautographs of the lens capsule at later time intervals revealed that by 1 month after injection the diffuse reaction had disappeared, and only the strongly labeled band remained. By 14.5 months after injection, this band had migrated partially across the lens capsule, but the capsule itself had increased considerably in thickness. On the other hand, the distance between the labeled band and the free edge of the capsule had decreased from that seen at the time of injection. PMID- 3213828 TI - Roots and calibers of the human coronary arteries. AB - The anatomical structure of the coronary-aortic junctions in humans is studied by using corrosion casts of the coronary network. A model is proposed for the specification of these junctions in terms of vessel diameters and branching angles, and the model is used to produce morphological data on these junctions which hitherto have not been available. This anatomical model correlates poorly with the accepted theoretical model of arterial bifurcations in the cardiovascular system. The results suggest that the structure of the coronary aortic junctions is very different from the structure of typical arterial bifurcations and, by implication, that the flow conditions under which they function are very different. A good understanding of these junctions is important in coronary bypass surgery, where the coronary-aortic junctions are emulated by creating a new anastomosis for the graft at the base of the ascending aorta, and in coronary artery disease, where atherosclerotic lesions occur not far from the coronary-aortic junctions. PMID- 3213829 TI - Ultrastructural features of chloride cells in the gill epithelium of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and their modifications during smoltification. AB - To elucidate the ultrastructural modifications of the gill epithelium during smoltification, gills of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were examined by electron microscopy at three stages of this process, which were defined as follows: "parrs" were freshwater fish that had not yet started their transformation; "freshwater smolts" were freshwater fish that were ready to enter seawater; and "seawater smolts" were smolts that had been transferred from fresh water and maintained for 4 days in seawater (35%). In the gill epithelium of parrs, there were two types of chloride cells. The large chloride cells contained deeply stained mitochondria and numerous apical, irregular, dense, membrane-bound bodies that formed 77% of the chloride cell population and were distinguished easily from small chloride cells that have distinctly paler mitochondria and no dense bodies in their apical cytoplasm. In freshwater smolts, the large chloride cells formed 95% of the chloride-cell population. In contrast to the small chloride cells that were not modified, they almost doubled in size. Their tubular system developed extensively to form a tight network with regular meshes significantly smaller than those observed in parr chloride cells. Forty percent of the large chloride cells were associated with a new type of cell, the accessory cell, to which they were bound by shallow apical junctions. Half of these accessory cells were not seen to be in contact with the external medium. In seawater smolts, 80% of the large chloride cells were associated with accessory cells. Most accessory cells reached the external medium and sent numerous cytoplasmic interdigitations within the apical portion of the adjacent chloride cells. As a result, a section through the apical portion of the chloride cells and their associated accessory cells revealed a mosaic of interlocked cell processes bound together by an extended, shallow apical junction. It was concluded that the Atlantic salmon develops in fresh water most of the ultrastructural modifications of the gill epithelium which in most euryhaline fish are triggered by exposure to seawater. The effective transfer into seawater would act only as a final stimulus to achieve some adequacy between the freshwater smolt and its new environment. PMID- 3213830 TI - Myocardial cell relationships during morphogenesis in normal and cardiac lethal mutant axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum. AB - Sarcomere formation has been shown to be deficient in the myocardium of axolotl embryos homozygous for the recessive cardiac lethal gene c. We examined the developing hearts of normal and cardiac mutant embryos from tailbud stage 33 to posthatching stage 43 by scanning electron microscopy in order to determine whether that deficiency has any effect on heart morphogenesis. Specifically, we investigated the relationships of myocardial cells during the formation of the heart tube (stage 33), the initiation of dextral looping (stages 34-36), and the subsequent flexure of the elongating heart (stages 38-43). In addition, we compared the morphogenetic events in the axolotl to the published accounts of comparable stages in the chick embryo. In the axolotl (stage 33), changes in cell shape and orientation accompany the closure of the myocardial trough to form the tubular heart. The ventral mesocardium persists longer in the axolotl embryo than in the chick and appears to contribute to the asymmetry of dextral looping (stages 34-36) in two ways. First, as a persisting structure it places constraints on the simple elongation of the heart tube and the ability of the heart to bend. Second, after it is resorbed, the ventral myocardial cells that contributed to it are identifiable by their orientation, which is orthogonal to adjacent cells: a potential source of shearing effects. Cardiac lethal mutant embryos behave identically during these events, indicating that functional sarcomeres are not necessary to these processes. The absence of dynamic apical myocardial membrane changes, characteristic of the chick embryo (Hamburger and Hamilton stages 9-11), suggests that sudden hydration of the cardiac jelly is less likely to be a major factor in axolotl cardiac morphogenesis. Subsequent flexure (stages 38-43) of the axolotl heart is the same in normal and cardiac lethal mutant embryos as the myocardial tube lengthens within the confines of a pericardial cavity of fixed length. However, the cardiac mutant begins to exhibit abnormalities at this time. The lack of trabeculation (normally beginning at stage 37) in the mutant ventricle is evident at the same time as an increase in myocardial surface area, manifest in extra bends of the heart tube at stage 39. Nonbeating mutant hearts (stage 41) have an abnormally large diameter in the atrioventricular region, possibly the result of the accumulation of ascites fluid. In addition, mutant myocardial cells have a larger apical surface area compared to normals. PMID- 3213831 TI - Morphology and morphometry of the normal lung of the adult vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). AB - The lungs of four adult specimens of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) have been examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A morphometric evaluation of the structural components directly involved in gas exchange has been carried out and the data have been modelled to estimate the anatomical diffusing capacity of the lung. The upper air-conducting airways of the lung were lined by an epithelium characterized by ciliated cells among which were dispersed goblet cells. The alveolar surface was lined by squamous type I pneumocytes and cuboidal type II granular pneumocytes. The blood-gas (tissue) barrier consisted of an epithelial cell, a common basal lamina, and an endothelial cell in the thin parts of the interalveolar septum. In the thicker parts of the septum, an interstitial space interposed between the basal laminae of the epithelial and endothelial cells contained supportive elements such as collagen, elastic tissue, and fibrocytes. The alveoli, the blood capillaries, and septal tissue composed 73%, 16%, and 11%, respectively, of the parenchyma. The harmonic and arithmetic mean thicknesses of the blood-gas (tissue) barrier were 0.311 micron and 1.048 microns; the surface area of the blood-gas (tissue) barrier per unit body weight was 50 cm2g-1, and the surface density was 117 mm2.mm3-1. The weight-specific total morphometric diffusing capacity was 0.11 mlO2 (sec.mbar.kg)-1. In comparison, the pulmonary morphometric characteristics of vervet monkey lung were superior to those of the other primates (Macaca irus, M. mulatta, and Homo sapiens) for which equivalent data are available. The gas exchange potential of the lungs of the nonhuman primates as revealed by morphometric studies surpasses that of man, a feature that can be attributed to the relatively less energetic human lifestyle. PMID- 3213832 TI - Occurrence of lymphohaemopoietic tissue in the meninges of the stingray Dasyatis akajei (Elasmobranchii, chondricthyes). AB - The cytoarchitecture of the lymphohaemopoietic masses occurring in the "meninx primitiva" of the stingray Dasyatis akajei (Elasmobranchii, Chondricthyes) has been analyzed by light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Lymphohaemopoietic aggregates showing similar morphologies occurred along all the central nervous system, but they were more frequent in the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon. In each aggregate, the granulopoietic tissue appeared in a fibroblastic stroma surrounding the large blood vessels, and the lymphoid components were present in a reticular network. Developing and mature eosinophils and heterophils--as well as lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells--are the main free cells present in these meningeal aggregates. The remarkable intimate association between macrophages and lymphoid cells to form close cell clusters suggests some immunological capacity for the meningeal lymphohaemopoietic tissue. According to their capacities, presence of lymphoid tissue, and histological organization, the meningeal lymphohemopoietic aggregates of Dasyatis akajei resemble other lymphomyeloid aggregates associated with cranium and choroid plexuses in Holocephali and Ganoidei. The phylogenetical relationships of these aggregates with mammalian bone marrow are discussed. PMID- 3213833 TI - Psychopathology of opiate addiction: comparative data from the MMPI and MCMI. AB - The MMPI and MCMI were administered to 163 former opiate addicts who were being maintained in a methadone program affiliated with an urban hospital. Highest group mean MMPI scores were found for Psychopathic Deviate, Depression, Hypomania, and Hysteria. For the MCMI, highest group mean clinical syndrome scores were found for Drug Abuse, Alcohol Abuse, Anxiety, and Dysthymia; highest personality disorder scores were found for Antisocial, Narcissistic, Histrionic, and Paranoid. The MCMI Drug Abuse Scale identified only 49% of subjects as having a recurrent or recent history of drug abuse. Frequency and factor analyses documented the heterogeneity of the population with respect to clinical syndromes, as well as the prevalence of personality disorders (86% had elevations on MCMI Personality Scales). Factor and correlational analyses did not provide strong evidence of similar factor structure or convergent validity of the MMPI and MCMI with this population. PMID- 3213834 TI - Families of adolescent drug abusers: systemic interventions to attain drug-free behavior. AB - Adolescent drug use in the community is a widespread social problem. The abuse of alcohol and/or other illegal drugs ranges from random experimentation to a complex pattern of regular use of a combination of drugs. This paper addresses systemic therapeutic interventions which have been constructed to achieve drug free behavior. The family is considered the unit of treatment. Contextual goals (necessary to attain a therapeutic climate) and family goals are delineated. These include unity and action within a parental coalition, therapeutic utilization of urinalyses, the bogeyman cometh, probation, home detoxification, and countering adolescent sabotage. Family structural and interactional features outside the explicit arena of drug-taking, such as marital conflict or adolescent autonomy/dependence issues, are not addressed but are discussed elsewhere. Clinical illustrations to document interventions discussed are provided. PMID- 3213835 TI - Differences in psychological need hierarchy between program completers and dropouts from a drug abuse treatment program. AB - Psychological need patterns among 116 drug addicts in treatment were measured with the Adjective Checklist. Compared to program completers, program dropouts had higher needs for autonomy and aggression and lower needs for deference, nurturance, and affiliation. This personality style may form the basis of dropping out, among certain types of addicts in certain types of programs, when faced with situational, environmental, or interactional stress. Results also suggest that we may be able to identify a personality pattern at risk for premature termination before the person experiences the impulse to leave. PMID- 3213836 TI - Assessing clinical experience in a residency training program. AB - Training programs are expected to provide experience to residents and students such that a reasonable spectrum of diseases and severity of illness are encountered. One approach is to have the resident or student keep a record of the cases encountered. A clinical experience is much more than the patients completely evaluated and treated by the resident or student. We propose a program approach in which all patients admitted to the medical service are categorized by several standard methods. This study describes an evaluation of a patient population seen by medical residents and students with specific demographic information and the spectrum and severity of their diseases. The numbers of patients and the severity of illness of the patients cared for during the ward experience affect the educational value of the program. This type of information has implications for the evaluation and design of training programs. PMID- 3213837 TI - Hemodynamic effects of smoking in congestive heart failure. AB - This study was designed to investigate the hemodynamic effects of smoking in patients with congestive heart failure. Hemodynamic measurements were made in seven patients with heart failure before, during, and after smoking two unfiltered cigarettes (approximately 2.4 mg of nicotine). Smoking significantly (p less than .05) increased heart rate and decreased stroke volume. Cardiac output remained unchanged. Significant increases were noted in systemic systolic and diastolic blood pressures concomitant with significant increases in total systemic vascular resistance and systemic arteriolar resistance. Pulmonary arterial pressure and total pulmonary vascular resistance increased as well. Mean right atrial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure rose modestly during smoking. Finally, the double product, an index of myocardial oxygen consumption, increased considerably during the smoking and postsmoking periods. Smoking elicits significant hemodynamic effects in patients with congestive heart failure, many unfavorable and potentially detrimental. PMID- 3213838 TI - Endotoxin-induced neutrophilic alveolitis and macrophage chemotaxin production in sheep. AB - The mechanism(s) responsible for endotoxin-induced pulmonary leukostasis has not yet been elucidated. We studied ten unanesthetized sheep by performing serial bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) before and after infusing Escherichia coli endotoxin to determine whether or not neutrophils appeared in the airways and whether or not endotoxemia stimulated alveolar macrophages to produce neutrophil chemotactic activity. The absolute number and percentage of neutrophils recoverable by BAL increased significantly at 24 hours after infusion of endotoxin. Alveolar macrophages isolated from the BAL of sheep after endotoxemia produced a substance that is chemotactic for neutrophils, a response that is also maximal 24 hours after endotoxin infusion. We conclude that endotoxemia causes migration of neutrophils into lung air spaces and that this response may result from in vivo production of a chemotactic factor(s) by activated alveolar macrophages. PMID- 3213839 TI - Differential effects of partial hepatectomy on hepatic and renal heme and cytochrome P450 metabolism. AB - Partial hepatectomy has been suggested to affect hepatic and renal cytochrome P450 content and the related drug metabolizing enzyme system. In addition, cytochrome P450 and its dependent activities have been shown to be regulated by the availability of cellular heme. We, therefore, studied cytochrome P450 in addition to the level of heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of heme catabolism, and delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme of heme synthesis, in the remnant liver and intact kidneys of rats after two-thirds hepatectomy. The level of hepatic heme oxygenase was elevated threefold in partially hepatectomized rats as compared to sham-operated rats, while ALA synthase was decreased by 40%. This was reflected in decreased hepatic cytochrome P450 content, ie, from 0.689 +/- 0.175 nmole/mg to 0.505 +/- 0.089 nmole/mg protein and associated decreased drug metabolizing enzymes: aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and benzphetamine N demethylase, by 40%, 40%, and 47%, respectively. In contrast, renal heme oxygenase was not changed after hepatectomy, whereas renal ALA synthase was increased by fourfold. Renal cytochrome P450, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, 7 ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and benzphetamine N-demethylase were increased after partial hepatectomy by 84%, 360%, 165% and 406%, respectively. These data indicate that partial hepatectomy decreases liver cytochrome P450 levels by inducing heme oxygenase and inhibiting ALA synthase activities. In this situation the kidney plays a substitutive role in metabolizing endogenous substrates oxygenated by cytochrome P450 isozymes. PMID- 3213840 TI - Use of microbiology reports by physicians in prescribing antimicrobial agents. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the use of microbiologic reports by physicians in prescribing antimicrobial agents in a community hospital setting. Patients were identified by daily review of all blood, urine, and sputum cultures that grew pathogen(s) during a 7-week period. Appropriateness of antibiotic therapy was based on results of antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolated pathogen(s). The physician response to culture results was evaluated on changes made in antimicrobial therapy. Seventy-one patients with 73 cultures (infections) were identified; 70% of the infections were community acquired. The frequency of each infection during the study period was: bacteremia (N = 12), pneumonia (N = 18), definite urinary tract infection (N = 26) and probable urinary tract infection (N = 17). Initial treatment was appropriate in 49 of 73 (67%) episodes; the organism(s) isolated were resistant to initial therapy in 24 of 85 (33%) episodes. After culture results were available, 34 of 73 (47%) regimens were changed, but only 50% of the changes were considered appropriate. Overall, there was no significant difference in the proportion of all treatment regimens considered appropriate before (67%) and after (56%) culture results were known. We conclude that results of cultures and antibiotic susceptibility data had little influence on appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in the hospital setting. PMID- 3213841 TI - Transient myocardial uptake of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate in a patient with amyloidosis. AB - A patient with autopsy-proven myocardial amyloidosis had been observed for 10 years with Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scans. The bone scans manifested transient myocardial uptake. No cause other than the myocardial amyloid could be found to explain the fluctuating scan findings. PMID- 3213842 TI - Hypochondriasis U.S.A.--1988. PMID- 3213843 TI - Formulation of states of mind in psychotherapy. AB - A patient in psychotherapy may vary in his ability to understand the therapist, and to express this thoughts, as he moves from one state of mind to another. Analysis of states of mind is useful, not only in understanding these variations while the patient is in treatment, but also in helping him to understand his shifting moods in external situations. PMID- 3213844 TI - The role of therapist self-disclosure in psychotherapy: a survey of therapists. AB - The use of self by the therapist, generally referred to as therapist self disclosure, and its potential impact on the therapeutic process, continues to be an important and contentious area of interest and inquiry. In contrast to most research in our field, which concentrates on the patient, in this investigation it was the therapist, and her/his beliefs, attitudes, and reported behaviors that served as the primary focus. The literature shows quite a few studies regarding the theoretical aspects of therapist self-disclosure but studies concerning actual psychotherapy are rare. The intent of this article is to focus on the practice of psychotherapy in an attempt to comprehend more fully one aspect of it: therapist self-disclosure. PMID- 3213845 TI - The psychopathology of choice. AB - The important, often neglected factor of choice, learned in childhood, is examined in detail and illustrated by clinical examples. The primary etiological factors in psychopathology of choice are: (1) Too much choice allowed before integration is possible; (2) Too little choice allowed and (3) Distortions of choice due to racial, sexual, and religious prejudices or cognitive distortions. PMID- 3213846 TI - On compulsive shopping and spending: a psychodynamic inquiry. AB - Compulsive shopping and spending, an impulse disorder, form a specific psychodynamic complex with common developmental precursors of pathological narcissism. Compulsive shopping and spending are distinguished from other symptomatic uses of money and impulsive acts. Four cases illustrate some psychodynamic considerations and therapeutic implications. PMID- 3213847 TI - On the unique impact of Richard Strauss's Elektra. AB - The unique and remarkable impact of the opera Elektra is explored. This opera rests not only on its dramatic portrayal of the oedipal theme, but also on an inspired expression of archaic emotions, prelogical thought, and preoedipal concerns. This accounts for its unique impact, and serves as a warning to clinicians confronted with manifest oedipal material to be sensitive to the diagnostic implications when oedipal material is permeated with more primitive expressions, producing a curious and eerie ambience and much disquiet in the therapist. PMID- 3213848 TI - Self-psychological interventions for major depression: technique and theory. AB - Cases of significantly depressed and regressed patients, where functional impairment necessitated psychiatric hospitalization, are presented to show the effects of a style of psychotherapeutic intervention whose goal is rapid mobilization of preexisting self-representations linked to positive affects. After defining the relevant self-psychological terms, we discuss the factors influencing emergence into consciousness of these positive affects and effects on the patient's vegetative symptoms of depression during self-psychologically oriented psychotherapy. PMID- 3213849 TI - Life-long nightmares: an eclectic treatment approach. AB - A depressed woman complained of obsessional worries, insomnia, and life-long nightmares. A novel combination of psychodynamic psychotherapy, paradoxical re experiencing of the nightmares, and posthypnotic suggestion resulted in amelioration of the nightmares and opening of the field for a self-psychological approach to deeper issues. PMID- 3213850 TI - A preschooler in a disaster. AB - A search of the literature of children in disasters showed no case of individual therapy with such a child. The absence may be related to a specific countertransference. In the case of the preschooler presented here, the child's particular situation and developmental stage were significant aspects of his reaction and therapy. PMID- 3213851 TI - Forging a transference relationship with a self-destructive preschooler. AB - A three-and-a-half-year-old boy was referred for treatment because of his inability to engage adequately in school activities and his absorption in fantasy and episodically charged and homicidal wishes. A few months after therapy was initiated, the boy revealed fantasies of a self-destructive nature. Through the development of the transference relationship, the patient was able to elaborate further, understand the implications of such fantasies, and validate his perceptions regarding feelings that were until then suppressed and isolated. PMID- 3213852 TI - [Recovery rooms; targeting the status in hospitals of southwestern France in 1987 (excluding university hospital centers)]. PMID- 3213853 TI - [Antibioprophylaxis in surgery: value of the diffusion of antibiotics into the fibrin clot]. PMID- 3213854 TI - Macrophages in the circuloventricular organs of the rat. PMID- 3213855 TI - Implication in the mechanogram and electrophysiology of the esophageal pouch. PMID- 3213857 TI - [Use of intravenous amrinone in the treatment of cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 3213856 TI - [Total cystectomy and transileal urinary diversion (Bricker type). Value of locoregional anesthesia. Apropos of 50 cases]. PMID- 3213858 TI - [Biochemical markers of the brain injury]. PMID- 3213859 TI - [Demonstration of a neuronotoxic activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of severe head injured patients]. PMID- 3213860 TI - [Does the qualitative study of the ventricular fluid allow to confirm the existence of a trans-ependymal drainage of the traumatic brain edema?]. PMID- 3213861 TI - [Taking charge of severe brain injuries. Comparison of 2 severity indexes. A study over a year activity at the SAMU 45]. PMID- 3213862 TI - Intensive treatment of head injured patient: analysis of 354 cases. PMID- 3213863 TI - [Contribution of x-ray computed tomography to the management of extradural hematoma. Apropos of 100 cases]. PMID- 3213864 TI - [Has the development of x-ray computed tomography modified morbidity and mortality of extradural hematoma? 559 cases (1972-1986)]. PMID- 3213865 TI - [Severe head and brain injuries in children and young adults: correlation between the monitoring of the intracranial pressure and the x-ray computed tomography]. PMID- 3213866 TI - [Clinicoradiological study of the post-traumatic diffuse cerebral lesion]. PMID- 3213868 TI - [Proceedings of the 9th Seminar on Neuroanesthesia and Resuscitation, 4th French Italian Seminar: Cerebral neuro-traumatology. Dijon, 19-20 November 1987. 2]. PMID- 3213867 TI - [Prediction of the intracranial hypertension degree and the course of the brain injury from the initial score of basal cisterns]. PMID- 3213869 TI - [Physiopathology of intracranial hypertension: a clinical study]. PMID- 3213870 TI - [Influence of posture (horizontal, proclivous, sloping) on the intra-cranial pressure and pressure of cerebral perfusion in coma]. PMID- 3213871 TI - [Effects of respiratory physiotherapy on intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients]. PMID- 3213872 TI - [The PICPART system: a computerized device for signals of intracranial pressure and arterial pressure]. PMID- 3213873 TI - [Monitoring of the functioning of external ventricular shunts in intensive neurologic care: presentation of a monitor]. PMID- 3213874 TI - [Monitoring of auditory evoked potentials of the brain stem in acute changes in intracranial pressure]. PMID- 3213875 TI - [Monitoring of the intracranial pressure in severely head-injured patients. Survey]. PMID- 3213876 TI - [Monitoring of intracranial pressure in the severe brain-injured patient. 3 years' experience]. PMID- 3213877 TI - [Value of computerized monitoring of the intracranial pressure in neurotraumatology]. PMID- 3213878 TI - [Diagnosis of brain death in craniocerebral traumatology: role the monitoring of the intracranial pressure]. PMID- 3213879 TI - [Monitoring of evoked potentials in traumatic coma]. PMID- 3213880 TI - [Early and middle latency auditory evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials in the vital and functional prognosis of severe brain injuries in intensive care]. PMID- 3213881 TI - [Monitoring of intracranial pressure with an epidural fluid-filled transducer: difficulties with positioning and accuracy of measurements]. PMID- 3213882 TI - [Somatosensory and early auditory evoked potentials in severe brain-injured patients]. PMID- 3213884 TI - [Proceedings of the 9th Seminar on Neuroanesthesia and Resuscitation, 4th French Italian Seminar: Cerebral neuro-traumatology. Dijon, 19-20 November 1987. 3]. PMID- 3213883 TI - [Neurophysiological monitoring of the brain injured patient: usefulness of the electroencephalographic mapping]. PMID- 3213885 TI - [Value of intracranial pressure monitoring for secondary surgical indications in hemorrhagic cerebral contusions]. PMID- 3213886 TI - [Traumatic intracerebral hematoma]. PMID- 3213887 TI - [Nutritional evaluation after serious head injury]. PMID- 3213888 TI - Impairment of cell-mediated immunity in severe head injury. PMID- 3213889 TI - [Post-traumatic central pontine myelinolysis]. PMID- 3213890 TI - [Coagulopathy consumption induced by head injury]. PMID- 3213891 TI - [200 cases of severe cranio-cerebral injuries]. PMID- 3213892 TI - Measuring the quality of early treatment of head injured patients. PMID- 3213893 TI - [Longitudinal study of a sample of adolescents with severe head injuries]. PMID- 3213894 TI - [The multiple injury comatose patient. Clinical and prognostic study at an intensive care unit]. PMID- 3213895 TI - [Can a minor head injury be responsible for a severe fat embolism?]. PMID- 3213896 TI - [The use of buflomedil in the treatment of post-traumatic cerebral edema]. PMID- 3213897 TI - [Evaluation of the degree of severity of nephropathy based on the indicators of central hemodynamics and cerebral blood flow]. PMID- 3213898 TI - [Gestoses in the second half of pregnancy and hereditary forms of cardiovascular pathology]. PMID- 3213899 TI - [Functional capacity of the kidneys in pyelonephritis associated with toxemia in pregnant women]. PMID- 3213900 TI - [Various indicators of phosphorus and calcium metabolism in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by gestosis]. PMID- 3213901 TI - [Plasma levels of neutral and polar lipid fractions in pregnant women with gestosis]. PMID- 3213902 TI - [Synthesis of prostaglandins and lipid peroxidation in pregnant women with gestosis]. PMID- 3213903 TI - [Pathomorphology of the placenta in nephropathy developing in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 3213904 TI - [The role of the WHO Special Human Reproduction Program in solving urgent problems of infertility in marriage]. PMID- 3213905 TI - [Compensatory-adaptive reactions of the placenta in nephropathy in pregnancy and intrauterine fetal hypotrophy]. PMID- 3213906 TI - [Value of the droperidol test in the evaluation of circulatory reserve potential in pregnant women in late toxemia]. PMID- 3213907 TI - [Preparation of pregnant women with EPH-gestosis for labor and labor induction by the method of laser puncture in cases of the necessity of pre-term delivery]. PMID- 3213908 TI - [Evaluation of the status of the regulation of blood aggregation in parturients with nephropathy under long-term peridural analgesia]. PMID- 3213909 TI - [Ultrastructure of peripheral neutrophils in pregnant women with late pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 3213910 TI - [Neurologic manifestations of cerebral edema in late pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 3213911 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic tactics in calculous pyelonephritis in pregnancy]. PMID- 3213912 TI - [Bilateral acute suppurative pyelonephritis in pregnancy complicated by acute renal failure]. PMID- 3213913 TI - [Status of the urinary system in parturients with transient proteinuria]. PMID- 3213914 TI - [The role of antioxidant deficiency in the pathogenesis of late pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 3213915 TI - [The main stages of the complex intensive therapy of gestoses]. PMID- 3213916 TI - The nursing shortage: situation & solutions. PMID- 3213917 TI - Anaesthetic induction with isoflurane or halothane. Oxygen saturation during induction with isoflurane or halothane in unpremedicated children. AB - The authors performed a randomised, prospective trial in which one junior anaesthetist administered gaseous induction of anaesthesia to 50 unpremedicated children with either isoflurane or halothane in nitrous oxide and oxygen. Arterial oxygen saturation and the electrocardiogram were monitored and the incidence of complications noted. Desaturation below 85% occurred in six children, but only with isoflurane. The incidences of complications and desaturation events did not alter throughout the 25 isoflurane inductions. Coughing, movement, laryngospasm and sinus tachycardia occurred more frequently with isoflurane. Isoflurane inductions took longer (7.9 as compared with 5.4 minutes, p less than 0.001) and had 4.25 times the number of complications. PMID- 3213918 TI - Antagonism of neuromuscular blockade. The cardiovascular effects in children of the combination of edrophonium and glycopyrronium. AB - Glycopyrronium 5 or 10 micrograms/kg was administered either simultaneously with, or 1 minute before, edrophonium 1 mg/kg in order to antagonise competitive neuromuscular blockade in 80 children. Both doses of glycopyrronium given before the edrophonium resulted in an initial significant (p less than 0.01) increase in heart rate. Heart rate decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) in all groups after the edrophonium was given, and only glycopyrronium 10 micrograms/kg administered before edrophonium prevented a substantial decrease below baseline. Initial heart rate responses to glycopyrronium or edrophonium are rapid, and measurements at intervals of 30 seconds may be necessary to record these changes. PMID- 3213919 TI - Spread of radiopaque dye in the thoracic epidural space. AB - A radiological study was performed in 23 patients to look for the position of thoracic epidural catheters and the spread of the contrast medium iohexol 300 mg/ml and 180 mg/ml when used in volumes of 3 and 8 ml. The dye was injected through the epidural catheter just after thoracic surgery. The spread of the dye showed no relation to the injected volume or the sensory spread after 2% lignocaine 3 ml. In three cases no contrast could be seen on the x-ray, and in two the radiopaque dye was found just outside the epidural space. No relationship between the spread of the dye and the sensory blockade was found, but the position of the epidural catheter should be checked radiographically when the epidural route is to be used for long-term pain relief. PMID- 3213920 TI - Postoperative recovery after general anaesthesia with and without retrobulbar block in retinal detachment surgery. AB - This study was to determine whether general anaesthesia plus retrobulbar block would be a better anaesthetic technique than general anaesthesia alone in retinal detachment surgery. Twenty-eight patients were allocated randomly to either general anaesthesia with retrobulbar block or general anaesthesia alone. The anaesthetist involved was blinded as to whether a retrobulbar block was performed or not. Significantly fewer patients in the general anaesthesia plus block group complained of postoperative pain than patients in the general anaesthesia group (21.4% as compared with 64.3%, p less than 0.05). Those who received general anaesthesia plus block recovered significantly more rapidly than those receiving general anaesthesia alone. The time to opening of eyes on command (p less than 0.05), telling the correct date of birth (p less than 0.01), reaching a full recovery score (p less than 0.005) and performing a simple motor task (p less than 0.025) was shorter in patients with general anaesthesia plus block. Thus general anaesthesia plus retrobulbar block was superior to general anaesthesia alone in terms of pain and recovery after operation. PMID- 3213922 TI - Multiple rib fractures and head injury--an indication for intercostal catheterisation and infusion of local anaesthetics. AB - A case is presented which demonstrates the advantages of continuous intercostal analgesia in a patient with a head injury and multiple rib fractures. PMID- 3213921 TI - The prolonged use of atracurium in a patient with tetanus. AB - A case of a patient with tetanus is reported in whom an atracurium infusion and artificial ventilation were needed in addition to sedation to control the muscle spasms. The atracurium infusion was used for 71 days, the longest time ever recorded, at a mean rate of 1.3 mg/kg/hour at the end of infusion. The plasma atracurium and laudanosine concentrations were 1.5 micrograms/ml and 0.985 micrograms/ml respectively. Subsequently there was an exponential decline in the serum laudanosine concentration which had decreased to 0.014 micrograms/ml 24 hours later. These results suggest that prolonged use of atracurium by infusion is not associated with excessive cumulation of laudanosine when renal and hepatic function are normal. PMID- 3213923 TI - Pulmonary oedema following carbamazepine overdose. AB - The successful management of a case of pulmonary oedema is described after the late recognition of an overdose of carbamazepine which complicated recognised benzodiazepine overdosage. The presentation and management are described and the possible mechanism of this rare complication discussed. PMID- 3213926 TI - Hypoxaemia during recovery from anaesthesia--an audit of children after general anaesthesia for routine elective surgery. AB - Arterial oxygen saturation was measured by pulse oximetry in 105 children (aged 2 weeks-14 years) during recovery from general anaesthesia. Oxygen saturation was monitored continuously from the time that anaesthesia ended in the operating theatre until the children were fit to leave the recovery ward. All children breathed room air during transfer to the recovery area; 81 children continued to breathe room air in the recovery ward while the remainder received supplementary oxygen. Fifty-six children became significantly hypoxaemic (oxygen saturation less than 90%) at some stage. Hypoxaemia occurred most frequently after termination of anaesthesia (immediate postoperative period) and then later in the recovery ward when the children began to wake up (post-waking period). The administration of 100% oxygen at the end of anaesthesia had no effect on the incidence of early hypoxaemia which was greatest in children whose trachea had been intubated. Late hypoxaemia was associated most commonly with crying and breath-holding and was reduced significantly by supplemental oxygen. The oxygen saturation of children on return to the ward was significantly lower than the pre operative value (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3213924 TI - Where there is no laryngoscope. AB - In hospitals of the developing world where financial constraints limit the procurement of even the most basic medical equipment, improvisation has become important and necessary. We describe a reliable, low-cost, locally produced laryngoscope constructed out of wood. PMID- 3213925 TI - Hypoxaemia during induction of anaesthesia--an audit of children who underwent general anaesthesia for routine elective surgery. AB - Arterial oxygen saturation was measured using pulse oximetry during induction of anaesthesia in 108 children aged 10 days--14 years. No restriction was placed on the method of induction. Oxygen saturation decreased to less than 90% in 29 children (26.8%) and less than 80% in seven children (6.4%). There was a significantly increased incidence of desaturation (to less than 90%) in children under one year of age, in those who had no premedication, in those who received only atropine as a premidicant and in children who were anxious or crying before intravenous induction. Oxygen saturation did not decrease below 90% in any child who received inhalational induction. PMID- 3213927 TI - HIV infection, AIDS and ICU in Central Africa. PMID- 3213928 TI - Continuous lumbar plexus block after arthroplasty. PMID- 3213930 TI - Trichloroethylene. PMID- 3213929 TI - Insulation of needles. PMID- 3213931 TI - Accidental extubation and low air loss mattresses. PMID- 3213932 TI - Failure of the expiratory valve on a Bain system. PMID- 3213933 TI - Sudden ventricular dysrhythmias after unintentional mediastinal washout with tetracycline containing solution. PMID- 3213934 TI - The drawover Boyle's machine--a safe alternative. PMID- 3213935 TI - Harness for use during anterior cervical fusion. PMID- 3213936 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and dynamics of endogenously released and therapeutically administered adrenaline in resuscitation. A comparative animal experimental study]. AB - In this study, catecholamine plasma levels and hemodynamic response were measured to compare the effects of endogenously released (group A; n = 8), intravenously injected (group B; 10 micrograms/kg; n = 8), and endobronchially instilled (e.b.) epinephrine (group C; 100 micrograms/kg; n = 8) on resuscitation. Although the endogenous release of epinephrine produced peak plasma concentrations of 214 +/- 86 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) during cardiac massage, only 5 animals were successfully resuscitated in group A. Mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were significantly lower in the first hour of restored spontaneous circulation compared to groups B and C. Endobronchial and intravenous epinephrine administration proved equally effective with regard to resuscitability and hemodynamic response during cardiac massage. All animals in groups B and C were successfully resuscitated and peak plasma concentrations of epinephrine were achieved with comparable onset times (317 +/- 53 ng/ml after 2.5 min in group B, 634 +/- 202 ng/ml after 3 min in group C). The tenfold epinephrine dose administered endobronchially was able to generate only a twofold increase in peak plasma epinephrine concentrations. The mean bioavailability with this route of administration, however, was 40% (5-71%). The ongoing absorption and therefore significantly longer half life of e.b. epinephrine compared to i.v. administration improved the hemodynamic situation of group C animals during the early postresuscitation period. More extensive use of e.b. epinephrine administration can be recommended, especially in out-of-hospital resuscitation, when intubation is achieved before an intravenous line can be established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213937 TI - [The electroencephalogram and somatosensory evoked potentials following intravenous administration of 0.5 mg/Kg ketamine]. AB - Because of its analgesic potency without affecting consciousness, low-dose ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) has been advocated for traumatized patients in order to ensure the possibility of neurological assessment. This study describes the effects of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine on spontaneous and evoked brain electrical activity. METHODS: Nine unpremedicated, healthy volunteers aged 22-35 years and free of CNS-active drugs took part in the study. The EEG was recorded from C3P3, C4P4, and vertex versus linked earlobes (Cz/A1-A2) (bandpass: 1-45 Hz). For artefact control the electro-oculogram (EOG) was recorded from supra- and infraorbital electrodes with the same filter settings. EEG and EOG were stored on magnetic tape and were digitized off-line (sampling rate: 100/s) followed by Fourier transformation (epoch-length: 5.2 s). Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were elicited by constant current pulses at the median nerve near the wrist. Recording sites were at the cervical spine (Cv6), the ipsi- and contralateral somatosensory projection area, and the vertex (Cz) vs a frontal reference (Fz). Bandpass: 10-2000 Hz, stimulation frequency: 4 Hz, twofold motor threshold, analysis time: 100 ms. Electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and arterial oxygen saturation (pulse oximeter) were monitored continuously. After an adaptation session of 30-45 min, 0.5 mg ketamine was administered intravenously. EEG and SEP were recorded for the following 45-60 min. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe-test if appropriate (P less than or equal to 0.05). RESULTS: All subjects lost consciousness within 45-110 s (mean: 70 s) after administration of ketamine. Mean blood pressure levels increased by about 20% and heart rate by about 10% after 5-10 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213938 TI - [Caudal anesthesia combined with general anesthesia in comparison with general anesthesia in ambulatory circumcision]. AB - In 100 boys (5.9 +/- 3.2 years old) undergoing outpatient circumcision, analgesia was provided with 0.375% bupivacaine 1 ml/year of age by caudal injection (group I), administered after induction of general anesthesia. This group was compared with 100 boys (6.3 +/- 3.4 years old), who received only general anesthesia (group II). The puncture technique described was free of complications and the caudal blocks were 98% successful. There was a great difference with regard to the levels of general anesthesia: the average enflurane concentrations required to block autonomic reactions during surgical intervention was 1.3 vol% in group I and 2.7 vol% in group II. The amount of pethidine needed for perioperative pain relief was 8 mg (+/- 5.7) in 17/100 of group I and 17.3 mg (+/- 6.8) in 91/100 of group II. In addition, paracetamol was given in 10/100 of group I and 30/100 of group II. The boys in group I showed calm postoperative behavior. In both groups there were only slight differences in hemodynamic parameters. Of the parents who answered our questionnaire (50 answers to 60 questionnaires), 68% were amazed at the duration of analgesia. During the late postoperative period, in group I there was an almost total absence of vomiting (4%), with an associated rapid return to normal feeding. In 83% the effect of late postoperative analgesia worked so well that no subsequent analgesic was given. In 15% the pain relief lasted 6.3 +/- 2.5 h. The excellent postoperative pain relief produced by caudal anesthesia justifies its frequent use for children subjected to genital surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213939 TI - [An on-line computer procedure for the analysis of pressure-volume relations in ventilated intensive care patients]. AB - The inspiratory pressure-volume relationship (PV curve) describes elastic and viscous attributes of the respiratory system. The most frequently considered parameter is the quasi-static compliance, which has been used for evaluating optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in the treatment of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). According to Falke and others, this method has not fulfilled its purpose. Since certain effects of PEEP ventilation such as the recruitment of lung areas on the one hand and the overdilatation of opened areas on the other may be reflected in different courses of parts of the PV curve, the consideration of discrete points on this curve may aid in developing mechanical criteria for the evaluation and control of artificial ventilation. Depending on lung elasticity, resistance, and tidal volume, the PV curve has a characteristic shape: initially it increases progressively until a certain airway pressure is reached, then it turns to a regressive incline. As irregularities of the PV curve due to oscillations of the respiratory gases cannot be avoided in practice, certain points (e.g. the inflection point) cannot be determined directly on the basis of the measured sample pairs. Therefore, we developed an on-line analysis of the PV curve, applying a polynomial function by least-square-fit procedure. The transthoracic pressure gradient was measured at the endotracheal tube by a Statham transducer. Inspiratory flow was measured using a Fleisch pneumotachograph with a differential pressure transducer. The flow-pressure signals were registered with a personal computer including an analog/digital interface board. Sample time was set for 10 ms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213940 TI - [Faulty functioning of the expiration valve of the Drager circle system]. AB - We observed, that under controlled ventilation the expiration valve of the circle system "8 ISO" did not close and rebreathing occurred, as the spirometer run counterclockwise. In such potentially dangerous events only a capnometer which measures inspiratory CO2 would give alarm. Drager is informed of the above and until the problem is resolved, every anaesthesist should watch the expiration valve and spirometer carefully. PMID- 3213941 TI - [Antibody detection in emergency transfusions. A comparison of 3 different methods]. AB - We compared the manual Polybrene technique to three standard methods (albumin/Coombs, LISS/Coombs, and enzyme/papain) on 113 red cell antibodies. Polybrene identified 8 antibodies of the Rhesus system missed by standard methods, whereas 3 antibodies could only be detected by the standard techniques. Four antibodies were identified only in saline solution at room temperature; 6 were found by use of Polybrene exclusively in the additional Coombs phase. In addition, 61 antibodies were tested by 4 different LISS. No considerable differences in the quality of the various LISS were seen. The manual Polybrene test appears to be suitable for crossmatching and rapid antibody identification in emergency situations. PMID- 3213942 TI - [Value of preoperative screening studies]. AB - In order to develop a sensitive and economically reasonable preoperative screening program capable of identifying perioperative risk factors, we performed a prospective study on patients scheduled for elective urological surgery. According to age, 379 patients were assigned to six groups. After the history and physical examination had been completed the attending anesthesiologist classified the patient's anesthetic risk according to ASA criteria. Furthermore, based on his clinical impression he ordered an individual set of screening parameters (laboratory tests, X-ray films, electrocardiography (ECG), and other appropriate diagnostic procedures) to be done. This "individual" screening and its results were compared with the results of the larger "routine" preoperative screening program performed independently of the study for all patients. All cases were then followed up in order to document perioperative complications. We were thus, able to recognize risk-identifying screening parameters resp. pathological findings missed by the "individual" screening. Laboratory tests from the nonselective "routine" screening yielded pathological results in a relatively high percentage of 31.4% of cases. ECG alterations or chest X-ray findings relevant to the patient's anesthetic management were present in 26.1% resp. 13.6%. Observations missed by the "individual" screening, though important for the prevention of perioperative complications, were pathological ECGs in only 1.9% of all cases. An influence of patient age on the frequency of pathological screening results and perioperative complications could be shown. Laboratory tests, chest X-rays and additional diagnostic procedures should be restricted to patients with pathological results or physiological examination. Our results underline once more the importance of a carefully taken history, a meticulous physical examination and the preoperative performance of an ECG for patients of every age scheduled for anesthesia and surgery. PMID- 3213943 TI - [2d scientific workshop of the German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. 26-27 February 1988, Wurzburg. Abstracts]. PMID- 3213944 TI - Flow injection analysis as a diagnostic tool for development and testing of a penicillin sensor. PMID- 3213945 TI - Diffusion of micelle-bound molecules to electrodes in solutions of ionic surfactants. PMID- 3213946 TI - Fast-scan voltammetry of biogenic amines. PMID- 3213947 TI - Transient response of the two-dimensional glucose sensor. PMID- 3213948 TI - Ion retardation and collision-induced dissociation in the thermospray ion source. PMID- 3213949 TI - Gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography of proteins on very short columns. Influence of particle size on peak dispersion. PMID- 3213950 TI - Determination of low parts per billion levels of amines in urine by liquid membrane sample cleanup directly coupled to a gas-liquid chromatograph. PMID- 3213951 TI - Topography of basal glucose utilization in rat thalamus and hypothalamus determined with (1-14C)-glucose. AB - High resolution autoradiography was used to study the basal pattern of glucose utilization in the rat thalamus and hypothalamus. Rats were injected via chronic jugular catheter with (1-14C)-glucose and sacrificed 30 min later. The high resolution thaw-mount autoradiographic procedure, using 4 micron frozen sections and nuclear emulsion, permitted discrimination of regional variations in glucose utilization that have not yet been described. Quantitative data were obtained by means of digital image analysis and computerized densitometry. In the thalamus, high activity was present in the anterodorsal, anteroventral, laterodorsal and reticular nuclei, while low activity was found in the mediodorsal and paraventricular nuclei. The autoradiographic pattern of glucose utilization in the thalamus corresponds largely to classical cytoarchitectonic subdivisions. In the hypothalamus, the median eminence, arcuate nucleus, and periventricular nucleus showed the lowest activity, whereas certain parts of the lateral hypothalamus appeared high. Very high activity was present in mammillary nuclei. The described detailed anatomical data of glucose-utilization may provide insights into the functional circuitry of thalamic and hypothalamic systems and serve as a baseline from which experimental manipulations can be assessed. PMID- 3213952 TI - Patterns of maturation of somatotopical distribution of corticospinal neurons in postnatal rats. A WGA-HRP study. AB - To better comprehend somatotopic development of the corticospinal projection system, wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was injected into cervical or lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord of postnatal rats. The cervical projecting neurons appeared first in the middle of the lateral surface of the posterior frontal and anterior parietal cortex on the second postnatal day (postnatal day one, P1). By P3, labeled neurons were distributed in the rostral two-thirds of the cortex, with concentrations both on the same cortex as in P1 and on the dorsomedial part of the frontal cortex. Size of the labeled area was gradually reduced between P3 and P12 to attain an adult organization: three discrete clusters of labeled neurons were isolated in the dorsomedial part of the frontal cortex, the middle of the lateral surface of the posterior frontal and anterior parietal cortex, and in the temporal cortex. The lumbar projecting neurons first appeared in the dorsomedial part of the parietal cortex, on P4. Size of the lumbar projecting area increased by P6 and decreased by P12 to attain the pattern seen in adult animals. Our findings suggest that 1) potential "pioneer fibers" reaching the cervical enlargement originate from the middle of the lateral surface of the posterior frontal and anterior parietal cortex, and those reaching the lumbar enlargement, from the dorsomedial part of the parietal cortex, and 2) transiently projecting areas consist of less densely distributed neurons compared to the areas destined to become the corticospinal projecting area in adult. PMID- 3213953 TI - The pattern of distribution of serotoninergic fibers in the anterior horn of the chick spinal cord. AB - The pattern of distribution of serotonin positive fibers in the motor nuclei of the chick spinal cord was examined immunohistochemically by using an antiserum against serotonin. A dense aggregation of serotoninergic fibers was located around anterior horn cells in the cervical spinal cord. In the brachial spinal cord, serotoninergic fibers were densely aggregated in the medial motor column and in the parts of the lateral motor column. There were two regions of serotonin immunoreactivity in the lateral motor column of the brachial spinal cord; one located in the ventromedial regions where a dense aggregation of serotoninergic fibers was found, and the reminder of the lateral motor column where only a few serotoninergic fibers were observed. The region containing a dense cluster of serotoninergic fibres around profiles of motoneuron somata and proximal dendrites appears to correspond to motor neuron pools of flexor muscles. In the thoracic spinal cord a high density of serotoninergic fibers was found in the motor nucleus. In the lumbosacral spinal cord (segments LS1-LS8) serotoninergic fibers were not observed in the medial motor column. However, there were five regions in the lateral motor column, where a high density of serotoninergic fibers was found. These very likely correspond to motor neuron pools of muscles which extend the hip joint. PMID- 3213954 TI - A temporal analysis of the origin and distribution of serotoninergic afferents in the cerebellum of pouch young opossums. AB - In the present study, a temporal analysis of the pattern of distribution of serotoninergic fibers and varicosities within the cerebellum of pouch young opossums was carried out. Particular attention was focused on animals ranging in age from postnatal day (PD) 21-PD 72, because there is a transient expression of serotonin immunoreactivity in the cerebellar cortex during that interval. Between PD 1-33, there is a progressive increase in serotoninergic immunoreactivity throughout the cerebellar cortex. After PD 33, there is a decrease in the relative number of immunostained fibers followed by a reorganization into the adult pattern of distribution. A double labeling paradigm, in which horseradish peroxidase, used as a retrograde marker, combined with serotonin immunohistochemistry was employed to localize serotoninergic neurons that project to the developing cerebellum. Initially (PD 9), serotoninergic cells in the medullary reticular formation and dorsolateral pontine tegmentum are double labeled. After PD 77, only neurons in the medullary reticular formation were double labeled. The course taken by serotoninergic axons from the brainstem to the cerebellum also was analyzed. Between PD 1 and PD 42, serotoninergic axons enter the cerebellum via four different routes: 1) the inferior cerebellar peduncle; 2) a pathway located lateral and rostral to the inferior cerebellar peduncle; this bundle of serotonin axons contains immunoreactive fibers that also enter the tectum (this tract is referred to as the tecto-cerebellar bundle in this report); 3) the medial aspect of the superior cerebellar peduncle; and 4) the tela choroidea. After PD 40, the latter two pathways are the primary routes by which serotoninergic fibers enter the cerebellum. The loss of serotoninergic fibers in the first two pathways coincides with the decrease in serotoninergic immunoreactivity seen in the cerebellar cortex described above. In summary, the results suggest that the serotoninergic projection to the opossum's cerebellum is remodelled during development. It is proposed that the serotonin fibers present at early stages of development may play a role in regulating specific events in cerebellar maturation. In contrast, the serotoninergic axons which have a more restricted pattern of distribution later in development, and in the adult, likely modulate neuronal activity within the cerebellum. PMID- 3213955 TI - On the origin of cells determined to form skeletal muscle in avian embryos. AB - Pieces of quail embryos from various developmental stages ranging from unincubated blastoderms (before the appearance of a primitive streak) to embryos having formed somites were grafted to the wing buds or into the coelomic cavity of chicken embryos. The grafts, which can be identified on a cellular level by virtue of the prominent nucleolus-associated chromatin, present in the quail and absent in the chicken, were screened after suitable periods of reincubation for the presence or absence of skeletal myotubes containing quail nuclei. Grafts having contributed to such skeletal myotubes were considered as having contained determined myogenic cells at the time of the grafting procedure. Determined myogenic cells appeared first in the primitive streak and in the mesodermal cells formed by the invagination (gastrulation) of epiblastic cells through the primitive streak. This is true for both the head process and the paraxial mesoderm. Epiblastic cells never gave rise to skeletal myotubes. Therefore it can be said, that the onset of myogenic determination coincides with gastrulation. It remains, however, to be established, whether these two events are causally related to one another. PMID- 3213956 TI - The development of the human brain, including the longitudinal zoning in the diencephalon at stage 15. AB - Twenty-six embryos (6-11 mm) of stage 15 (approximately 33 days) were studied in detail and graphic reconstructions of three of them were prepared. Characteristic features of this stage include closed lens vesicles, presence of nasal pits, and retinal pigment. The neuromeric pattern is still visible. Each cerebral hemisphere is limited by the torus hemisphericus internally and by the di telencephalic sulcus externally. The medial (diencephalic) eminence of the basal nuclei (previously misinterpreted by others as the lateral) had appeared in stage 14, and the lateral eminence, which is telencephalic, is now distinguishable. The amygdaloid body in stages 14 and 15 is derived from the medial eminence. The hippocampal thickening is identifiable in the dorsomedial part of the cerebral hemisphere. Medial and basal forebrain bundles are developing. The olfactory eminence is visible. Future olfactory bulb and tubercle possess an intermediate layer. The wall of the diencephalon presents five longitudinal zones: epithalamus, dorsal thalamus, ventral thalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus. The primordium of the epiphysis cerebri is beginning in the more advanced embryos. The sulcus limitans ends rostrally at the midbrain (M1) and is not continuous with the hypothalamic sulcus. Hence the alar/basal distinction does not arise in the forebrain. In the roof of the midbrain (M2) the mesencephalic evagination already noticed at stage 14 is characteristic. It is suggested that it may function as a temporary circumventricular organ. The precursors of some new tracts are identifiable: habenulo-interpeduncular, medial tectobulbar, and mamillotegmental fibres. Commissures include the supramamillary, that of the superior colliculi, and (in some embryos) the first fibres of the posterior commissure. Nuclei include the habenular, mamillary, and probably subthalamic. The cerebellum, the beginning of which was already noted at stages 13 and 14, consists of (1) a rostral part that arises from the alar plate of the isthmic segment and will form the superior medullary velum and part of the corpus cerebelli; and (2) a caudal part that develops from rhombomere 1. The involvement of the isthmic segment, first elucidated with stage 14, has not been observed in previous reports. All cranial nerves except the olfactory and optic are present in the more advanced embryos. PMID- 3213957 TI - A SEM study on the development of the ventricular surface morphology in the diencephalon of the rat. AB - The morphogenesis of the ventricular surface of the diencephalon of the rat was studied using scanning electron microscopy, cryostat serial sections and direct observations under a dissection microscope. Based on these observations a description is given of the neuromeres present within the prosencephalon and of the termination of the sulcus limitans. Two conclusions are reached. First, three neuromeres are present in the prosencephalon. Neuromere I consists of the telencephalon, the hypothalamic regions and the parencephalon anterius. Neuromere II is the parencephalon posterius, neuromere III the synencephalon. Second, the sulcus limitans terminates ventrally in the parencephalon posterius and does not continue towards the preoptic recess. No exact termination point of the sulcus limitans could be delineated. PMID- 3213958 TI - Quantitative morphology and synaptology of cerebellar glomeruli in the rat. AB - Computer-assisted stereological and quantitative morphological approaches were used to analyse cerebellar glomeruli of the "simple type" in serial ultrathin sections. It was found that, of the total volume (110-200 micron3) of the glomeruli studied, 53% was occupied by granule cell dendrites, 34% by mossy terminal and 13% by Golgi axons. None of the four analysed glomeruli contained Golgi cell dendrites. The mossy terminals that were studied received, on the average, 53 granule cell dendrites. All of the dendrites originated from different granule cells and all made synaptic contacts with mossy terminal. However only about 60% of granule cell dendrites made synapses with Golgi axons. The surface of the mossy terminals occupied by synaptic junctions, was found to be 5.4-5.5%. Each granule cell dendrite emitted 3-5 terminal protrusions ("dendritic digits"). Each digit receives one or more synaptic contact from either the mossy terminal (67% of all digits), or from Golgi axon varicosities (25%). Only about 8% of all digits were contacted synaptically by both types of axonal terminals. All of the dendritic digits that were observed made synaptic connections. Each digit was, on the average, connected by symmetric attachment plaques to 4 neighbouring digits. Three-dimensional reconstructions of mossy terminal and some of contacting granule cell dendrites demonstrated that the dendrites curved around the central mossy terminal and were much longer than expected from earlier Golgi-impregnation studies. In addition to mossy terminals and Golgi axons, an axon terminal of small calibre that contained large, empty, spheroid vesicles were occasionally observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213959 TI - Tendon and myo-tendinous junction in an overloaded skeletal muscle of the rat. AB - Overloading of rat plantaris muscles was produced by aseptic ablation of the synergists. The morphological changes occurring after 1 or 2 weeks were investigated at the light and electron microscopical level in the distal tendon of the plantaris and at the myotendinous junction. Sham-operated rats were prepared as controls. In the tendon, quiescent fibrocytes were replaced by activated fibroblasts displaying a vesicular nucleus with prominent nucleoli and an outstanding increase in cytomembranes, particularly the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. The plasmalemma of the fibroblasts was modified by the presence of caveolae and the surbsurface cytoplasm contained many membrane bound vacuoles. In the tendon, the collagen bundles were disrupted, resulting in the formation of empty longitudinally oriented spaces; in these spaces, as in the pericapillary areas, no inflammatory cells were observed. At the myotendinous junction, fibroblast activation was consistently observed in both control and overloaded specimens. At this level, the sarcolemma of the finger-like projections of muscle fibres presented many caveolae close to clusters of large subsurface vacuoles. These observations indicate that, at the beginning of the compensatory hypertrophy, the adaptative changes to overloading include a non inflammatory reaction of the tendon characterized by enhanced collagen synthesis and intensive membrane renewal and recycling. From the mechanical point of view this reaction can impair the tendon resistance to stretch. At the myotendinous junction the increased membrane turnover of the sarcolemma and the fibroblast activation can be considered permanent phenomena consequent to the increased stress exerted upon the interface connecting the contractile apparatus to the stroma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213960 TI - Identification of collagen, elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibres in ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the human oesophagus. AB - The connective tissue associated with the myenteric plexus of the human oesophagus was studied by light and electron microscopy. Collagen fibres were identified by picrosirius staining with polarization microscopy and from their fine structural morphology. A capsule of connective tissue invests the ganglia while septa of connective tissue separate groups of ganglion neurons, surrounding each individual ganglion neuron and each nerve bundle. Collagen fibrils surround the ganglia, each ganglion neuron and each nerve bundle. The fibrils are disposed in various orientations forming networks. Elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibres were identified by their staining characteristics and fine structural morphology. The bulk of the ganglion sheath consists of coarse elastic fibres and elaunin fibres. Elaunin and oxytalan fibres form the intraganglionic network. Oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibres appear to be located in areas related to different stresses and deformation to which the ganglia of the myenteric plexus are exposed during the contraction of the esophageal wall. The ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the human oesophagus show structural organisation of the connective tissue component similar to that seen in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia. PMID- 3213962 TI - Light and scanning electron microscopic observations of the canalicular system in human cellular cementum. AB - A scanning electron microscopic cast technique was used to determine the nature of the canalicular system in human cellular cementum. Prior light microscopic observations suggested the presence of two distinct types of lacunae: bone-like and a large irregular type generally confined to the interradicular region. Only the bone-like lacunae were visualized in the SEM cast preparations. The canalicular system associated with the bone-like lacunae was usually continuous from the surface of the dentin to the surface of the cementum in newly-erupted teeth. Casts having a sponge-like configuration were observed near the cementodentinal junction in some of the specimens from the interradicular region. The presence of these casts could not be predicted from prior light microscopic observations and it was concluded that they may represent infiltration of hypomineralized matrix rather than lacunae. PMID- 3213961 TI - Scanning electron microscope study of elastic fibers of the loose connective tissue (superficial fascia) in the rat. AB - A combination of intravascular resin injection and formic acid incubation was utilized to study the three-dimensional arrangement of the elastic fibers in the loose connective tissue (superficial fascia) of the rat limb by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cast of the microvasculature served as a scaffolding for the otherwise collapsible connective tissue. SEM study demonstrated that the elastic fibers did not form an anastomosing network but were arranged in multiple layers. The fibers in each layer lay parallel to each other but were oriented differently from the fibers in the layers on either side, thereby producing a meshwork. Each individual fiber was composed of a small bundle of discrete fibrils. Some of these component fibrils separated from the parent fiber and united with other fibers, thus producing branching. The elastic fiber either decreased or grew in size by the respective sharing or joining of these component fibrils with neighboring fibers in their respective layers. Interconnections between elastic fibers of different layers were rare. These findings may provide a morphological explanation for the characteristic function of the superficial fascia, which allows the skin and underlying muscles to have a rapid and extensive alteration in their relative positions. PMID- 3213963 TI - Lifetime of the osteoblast in mouse periodontium. AB - The kinetics of osteoblasts and osteocytes on appositional and resorptive surfaces of mouse alveolar bone were examined using 3H-thymidine and 3H-proline radioautography. Our results show that the osteoblasts at the appositional surface of the mouse periodontium are recruited from a progenitor population in the G1 phase of the cell cycle that goes through a single S-phase before differentiating into osteoblasts and that the active lifetime of the osteoblast on the periodontal surface is approximately 20 days. The lifetime of the osteoblasts on periosteal and endosteal surfaces is 10 days. The active lifetime of an osteoblast appears to be independent of the amount of matrix produced. PMID- 3213964 TI - Scanning electron microscope study of the spatial organization of the air and blood conducting components of the avian lung (Gallus gallus variant domesticus). AB - The lungs of the domestic fowl were prepared for scanning electron microscopy after vascular and airway latex rubber casting to demonstrate the spatial organization of the various structural components that are involved in the gas exchange that takes place in the parabronchial tissue mantle. The bulk of the intrapulmonary air flows through the parabronchial lumen and then centrifugally diffuses into the exchange tissue through the atria, the infundibula, and the air capillaries. The blood flows centripetally from the interparabronchial arteries, then into the intraparabronchial arterioles, and finally into the blood capillaries, which together with the air capillaries constitute the functional terminal gas exchange units. The relationship between the air flow in the parabronchial lumen and the incoming blood (into the exchange tissue) has been shown to be crosscurrent, where the directions of the flow of these two gas exchange media are essentially perpendicularly disposed to each other; whereas the relationship between the blood capillaries and the air capillaries is countercurrent, the blood flowing towards the parabronchial lumen and the air in the opposite direction, i.e., towards its periphery. Both these spatial structural relationships between the air and blood are significant factors that contribute to the remarkable efficiency of the avian lung in gas exchange.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213965 TI - Architecture and structure of canine veins with special reference to confluences. AB - The occurrence of cell-infiltrated intimal lesions at the confluence of many small tributaries with canine jugular and femoral veins suggested that these areas (confluences) might 1) differ structurally from the rest of the receiving vein and 2) serve as initiation sites for thrombi. To explore these possibilities, the number of tributaries was determined by careful blunt dissection, and the architecture of confluences was studied by light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In addition to confluences formed by a named tributary (omobrachial), canine jugular veins averaged 11 confluences formed with small (0.2 to 2.5 mm diameter) unnamed tributaries that had not been previously described. Femoral veins averaged eight confluences of which four were formed with small unnamed tributaries. Double-leafed valves were found at 90% of jugular and 76% of femoral vein confluences. Previously such valves were described only at the confluence of superficial with deep leg veins. Corrosion casts of iliac, saphenous, azygous, costocervical, and maxillary veins as well as cranial and caudal vena cava demonstrated a similar pattern of tributaries and valves. The three structures (receiving vein, tributary, valves) that formed the confluence differed, necessitating considerable modification as they approached the area of fusion. Jugular and femoral vein walls contained 5 to 10 layers of smooth muscle, abundant collagen, and a small amount of elastin. Tributary walls contained 0 to 2 discontinuous smooth muscle cell layers, limited collagen, and no elastin. As receiving veins approached a confluence, the thickness decreased by 15 to 77% except at valve attachment sites, which were thickened. A cluster of smooth muscle cells formed the junction of valve leaflets with vein. Endothelium was continuous over the luminal surface of all three structures. Calculations showed that these small-valved tributaries make only a small contribution to venous return. On the other hand, there is considerable information to support the concept that local attenuation of the vein wall would lead to localized vessel dilation, resulting in rupture of the endothelium and basement membrane. PMID- 3213966 TI - The ultrastructure of megakaryopoietic cells of the yolk sac and liver in mouse embryo. AB - Megakaryopoietic cells in the yolk sac and liver of mouse embryos were examined by electron microscopy. At 10 days' gestation, yolk sac vitelline vessels contained a few free megakaryopoietic cells. On the basis of the development of demarcation membranes and granules, yolk sac megakaryopoietic cells were classified into three types: YM1, YM2, and YM3. The YM1 cells, which comprised 75% of the yolk sac megakaryopoietic cells, had poorly developed demarcation membranes and few granules in the cytoplasm. The YM2 cells had a developed demarcation membrane system around the nucleus and comprised 24% of the yolk sac megakaryopoietic cells. The YM3 cells, the rarest type, had an eccentrically located nucleus and a cluster of demarcation membrane structures. In the liver of 11-day embryos, immature megakaryopoietic cells were present in both the sinusoidal lumen and the hepatic cords. Most of the hepatic megakaryopoietic cells of 11-day embryos had ultrastructural features similar to those of YM1 cells or intermediate between YM1 and YM2 cells. PMID- 3213967 TI - Development of the pulmonary vein in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). AB - The origin of the embryonic common pulmonary vein in terrestrial vertebrates is still uncertain. Most earlier studies in nonhuman embryos describe the vein as entering the sinus venosus. The currently prevailing view, however, based largely on the study of human material, is that the embryonic common pulmonary vein is associated with the left atrium from its inception. We recently observed the pulmonary vein entering the sinus venous part of the right atrium in several normal dog embryos of a stage comparable to horizon XIV in man (Streeter: Contrib. Embryol. Carnegie Inst. Wash., 31:53, 1945). In slightly older specimens the vein entered the left atrium just to the left of septum primum. This observation, and the fact that some atrial septal and pulmonary venous anomalies in man still await a plausible pathogenetic explanation, stimulated a restudy of the origin of the vein. The alligator was used because we already had prepared a large number of closely graded serially sectioned embryos for other purposes. Wax plate reconstructions clearly showed that the common pulmonary vein entered the left side of the sinus venosus. With the formation of the atrial septum, this part of the sinus venosus is "pinched off" and becomes incorporated into the left atrium, thus transferring the pulmonary venous ostium to that atrium. PMID- 3213968 TI - Secretory activity in the floor plate neuroepithelium of the developing human spinal cord: morphological evidence. AB - The developing spinal cord at the cervical and thoracic levels in 14 human embryos ranging from Carnegie stages 14 to 20 were examined with the electron microscope. The floor plate-forming cells contained numerous cytoplasmic organelles, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and well developed junctional complexes between the adjacent cells. Microvilli and cilia were numerous at the apical surface of neuroepithelial cells in the floor plate, but few were found in the lateral walls. Periodic acid-Schiff-positive substances were predominantly present in the neuroepithelial cells of the floor plate. In all specimens examined, multivesicular structures were observed in the floor plate neuroepithelium, but not in other regions of the spinal cord. The number of multivesicular structures appeared to increase with embryonic age. These structures contained numerous small and translucent vesicles within an electron dense matrix; most vesicles were 40-70 nm in diameter. It appeared that the envelope of the multivesicular structures was first formed by the fusion of smooth ER-like cisterns, followed by invagination of the envelope by the vesicular contents. Presumably, the mature multivesicular structures were subsequently translocated to peduncular processes and their contents released into the central canal lumen in an exocytotic manner. This morphological evidence suggests that the floor plate cells of the spinal cord may have secretory activity during embryonic development. PMID- 3213970 TI - Morphology of the mandibulo-stylohyoid ligament in human adults. AB - The mandibulo-stylohyoid ligament is a consistently occurring connective tissue band or sheet that courses between the angle of the mandible and the stylohyoid ligament. Previously, in a few instances it has been variously named and described as a thickening of deep cervical fascia. Recently, Shimada et al. (1986) described the connective tissue thickening and named it the mandibulo stylohyoid ligament because of its arrangement and attachments. In the present study the ligament was dissected in 99 adult cadavers (both white and black, 98 right sides, 95 left sides). It was present in all of the specimens examined and has been classified into three types according to refinements in its morphology. Type 1: The ligament was a thick, separate band that coursed from the region of the angle of the mandible to the stylohyoid ligament. Type 2: The ligament had the same attachments as Type 1 but was more extensive, being continuous with the stylomandibular ligament. Type 3: The ligament had the same attachments as Type 1 but was thin and less well developed. The Type 1 arrangement occurred 41% of the time, Type 2, 37% of the time, and Type 3, 22% of the time. The consistency and arrangement of the ligament suggests an important role of additional structural support in the region of the angle of the mandible and hyoid bone. PMID- 3213969 TI - Morphometric and statistical analyses describing the in utero growth of human epidermis. AB - Epidermal development of human embryonic and fetal skin from the lower limb was studied using morphometric and statistical methods. Epidermal growth, as defined by an increase in epidermal thickness and the number of cell layers, occurred in three distinct stages during the first and second trimesters. The first growth spurt occurred between 5 and 13 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) and was followed by a plateau phase with little change in epidermal thickness from 14 to 21 weeks, after which the epidermis began to increase in height again. The periderm reached its maximal height by approximately 13 weeks EGA, and by 25 weeks was shed into the amniotic fluid. Thus, within a five-month period (5 to 25 weeks EGA) the epidermis changed from a single cell layer less than 10 micron thick to a 10 to 12-cell layer, keratinized epithelium greater than 60 micron thick. In contrast, epidermis from adult lower limb consisted of about 25 cell layers and was almost 75 micron in thickness. The age-related differences in epidermal thickness probably reflect changes in cell size and shape more than changes in the directional movement (apically vs. laterally) of proliferating keratinocytes, because the addition of cell layers throughout development was relatively constant. During the plateau phase, when there is a rapid increase in fetal growth rate, the suprabasal keratinocytes become more flattened, thereby allowing for the addition of new cell layers while maintaining a relatively constant epidermal thickness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213971 TI - Analysis of crystallite shape in rat incisor enamel. PMID- 3213972 TI - Quantitation of structural features characterizing weight- and less-weight bearing regions in articular cartilage: a stereological analysis of medial femoral condyles in young adult rabbits. AB - The structural organization of articular cartilage from the medial femoral condyle of young adult rabbits has been examined after processing according to an improved fixation procedure. By using recently developed stereological methods, a quantitative analysis of chondrocyte number, surface area, volume, and matrix volume per cell was carried out in the light microscope; at the electron microscopic level, quantities of cytoplasmic components within chondrocytes (including organelles) were estimated. These measurements were made for each of the four zones from the (articular cartilage) surface down to the tidemark, and the results (for each zone) were compared between weight- and less-weight-bearing regions. In general, articular cartilage revealed considerable heterogeneity in structure throughout its depth. The number of cells per unit volume is maximal beneath the surface and decreases toward the tidemark. The size of chondrocytes, and the mean matrix volume surrounding each, increases from the surface toward the deeper zones. Comparison between weight- and less-weight-bearing regions reveals striking differences. The numerical volume density of cells in the superficial zone of regions bearing high physiological load is less than half of that in less-weight-bearing regions, chondrocyte death being principally responsible for this reduction. A comparison between the midzones of weight- and less-weight-bearing areas reveals that the former is characterized by a decrease in cell density and an approximately threefold increase in cell size in relation to the latter. The increase in cell volume is attributable principally to an accumulation of intermediate filaments and glycogen particles, and represents an adaptation to increased functional requirements. Near the tidemark, numerical volume densities of chondrocytes in both weight- and less-weight-bearing locations are similar, but the larger cell size in the former still persists. PMID- 3213973 TI - Bone cell populations and histomorphometric correlates to function. AB - A circadian context has been used to develop information about the proliferative and functional behavior of the cell populations that function to model the long bones of growing rats. We asked: Are the proliferating cells in the growth cartilages and diaphyseal bone of young adult growing rats distributed within single or multiple populations? Can cytomorphometry (TEM-C) be used to determine ultrastructural correlates to the well-defined circadian rhythm of matrix formation displayed by functionally synchronous populations of metaphyseal osteoblasts? Can TEM-C reveal changes in osteoclast ultrastructure that could index a biological rhythm for osteoclastic bone mineralysis/resorption? Kinetic results derived from multiple radiothymidine labeling (DNA synthesis) support the single population model for chondrocytes and diaphyseal osteoprogenitor cells. TEM-C studies at the midpoints of the daily light and dark spans show that osteoblast RER-membrane development and cysternal volumes are maximal at the recorded daytime peak of net collagen synthesis. The extent of metaphyseal osteoclast surface ruffling (mineralysis) is also twofold greater during the day than the night--an observation supporting the concept that bone formation and resorption activities are coupled. PMID- 3213974 TI - Distribution of the mineralized tissues in the nasal ventral conchae (os conchae nasalis ventralis) of piglets after birth: relationship with atrophic rhinitis. AB - Serial undecalcified cross sections were examined in order to establish the distribution of calcified cartilage, woven and lamellar bones in the nasal ventral conchae of piglets aged between birth and six weeks. The distribution of the mineralized tissues varied according to the age of the piglets and to the level of cross sections. The nasal ventral conchae were found to arise from an ossification center located at the level of the second premolar tooth. A correlation between the distribution of the different mineralized tissues of the nasal ventral conchae and the distribution of the lesions of atrophic rhinitis in the nasal ventral conchae as well as the receptivity period of piglets to the disease as observed in the literature have been discussed. PMID- 3213975 TI - Effects of long-term testosterone exposure on ovarian function and morphology in the rhesus monkey. AB - This study was aimed at developing a model in the rhesus monkey for the human gynecologic disorder termed the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The effects of chronic constant androgen exposure upon quantitative ovarian morphology and ovulatory function were examined. Twenty-five normally cycling females, aged 4-12 yr and weighing 3.3-8.2 kg, were enrolled in the study in random fashion. Seventeen animals were implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) with 10 or 25 mg testosterone-filled silastic tubing so as to maintain steady serum levels of testosterone averaging 80 ng/dl (low-dose group, n = 8) and 115 ng/dl (high-dose group, n = 9) for 13-16 months. Eight animals served as controls (sham implants); in these, mean serum testosterone levels averaged 24 ng/dl. No effect of androgen treatment was observed on ovulatory function as gauged by periodic luteal phase progesterone determinations and the presence of a fresh corpus luteum at laparoscopy. Menstrual cycle frequency (number of cycles over number of months of observation) was, however, slightly but significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced in the high-dose (88.9%) vs. the control (96.7%) and low-dose (95.0%) groups. Quantitative morphology, performed by light microscopy on a single ovary obtained from 16 of the 25 animals and read in a blinded fashion, revealed no differences in ovarian weight, capsular width and numbers, size, or proportion of healthy and atretic follicles among the three groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213976 TI - Ultrastructural localization of the 9-kilodalton vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein in the murine intraplacental yolk sac. AB - The calcium-binding protein (CaBP) calbindin has been implicated in the molecular mechanism of placental calcium transfer. Previous light microscopic studies have identified CaBP in visceral (but not parietal) endodermal cells of the yolk sac with the most intense immunocytochemical signal observed in the intraplacental yolk sac. In the present studies, electron microscopy was used to study the localization of CaBP in placenta. Placentas of 17-day pregnant mice were fixed by perfusion in 0.5% glutaraldehyde, embedded in low-temperature Lowicryl K4M, and examined in thin section for specific labeling with a polyclonal antiserum. Antibody to CaBP was localized by using protein A-gold particles which were quantified for subcellular compartmentation by using a Videoplan computer system. A high signal for CaBP was found in the visceral endodermal cells of the intraplacental yolk sac. In these cells, gold particles indicating the location of CaBP were observed over 1) the cytoplasmic matrix where the average number of gold particles per micron 2 was 33; 2) the microvilli (17/micron 2); 3) the mitochondria (17/micron 2); and 4) the nucleus (43/micron 2). Sections from antigen-absorbed controls, by contrast, showed few gold particles: cytosol, 2/micron 2; microvilli, 5/micron 2; mitochondria, 5/micron 2; and nucleus, 4/micron 2. Electron-lucent profiles of the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum contained no particles in the controls and a low particle count (4/micron 2) in the stained sections. Parietal endodermal cells of the intraplacental yolk sac showed a relatively low signal for CaBP compared with the visceral endodermal cells (5 particles/micron 2 vs. 39).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3213977 TI - Effects of diltiazem on isoproterenol- or Ca-induced ventricular myocardial cell injuries in isolated perfused rabbit heart: an electron microscopic study. AB - The ultrastructural changes of isoproterenol- and those of Ca-induced ventricular cell injuries were compared in rabbits and the effect of diltiazem on these injuries was studied by electron microscopy. In comparison with the controls, the isoproterenol-treated (Group A), the Ca-treated (Group B), and the diltiazem posttreated (Groups E and F) showed severe myocardial cell damage, such as sarcolemmal disruption, mitochondrial swelling, intramitochondrial electron-dense granules, membranous structures along mitochondrial cristae, thickening or close packing of the Z-lines, separation of cell junctions, frayed myofibrils, clumping of chromatin, and intracellular fluid accumulation. These ultrastructural changes were more pronounced in the Ca-treated (Groups B and F) than in the isoproterenol treated (Groups A and E) animals. In contrast, the diltiazem-pretreated groups (Groups C and D) showed relatively intact myocardial ultrastructure. However, intramitochondrial electron-dense granules could be frequently found, and particularly the diltiazem-pretreated and Ca-treated group (Group D) showed intracellular fluid accumulation. The results of this study could suggest the following: 1) isoproterenol-induced myocardial cell damage is similar to Ca overload, 2) pretreatment with diltiazem could reduce the deleterious effects of isoproterenol-induced myocardial cell damage, but it could not prevent the effects of Ca overload completely, and 3) posttreatment with diltiazem could not provide any beneficial effect either on the isoproterenol-induced or on the Ca overloaded myocardial cell damage, and 4) the beneficial effects of diltiazem are probably derived from the enhanced buffering function of mitochondria to cytosolic Ca or from selective inhibition of transsarcolemmal Ca influx. PMID- 3213978 TI - Cell death in the ventral region of the neural retina during the early development of the chick embryo eye. AB - The present study deals with morphologic and quantitative changes that take place in the area of cell death in the ventral part of the presumptive retinal wall of the chick embryo. These changes were followed from the optic vesicle stage until the first optic fiber fascicles leave the neural retina. Our results show that both the volume occupied by the area of cell death and the density of its pyknotic fragments undergo considerable variation during the period between Hamburger and Hamilton's (1951) stages 12 to 20. In the optic vesicle stages, cell death in the ventral wall of the vesicle was observed in 50 to 75% of the embryos studied. During stages 14 and 15, this zone was seen in more than 90%. By the time invagination of the optic cup was complete, the ventral retinal zone of cell death had disappeared entirely in a large proportion of embryos; in all others, it shrank significantly both in volume and density of pyknotic fragments. In stage 19, when the first optic fiber fascicles begin to emerge from the retina, a dramatic increase occurs in the number of pyknotic fragments in the posterior pole of the retina. The appearance of dying cells, in a region shortly to be traversed by developing ganglion cell axons, supports the hypothesis that cell death processes are apparently somehow related to the creation of a suitable environment for the emergence of fibers toward the optic stalk. Densities of mitotic and interphasic cells as well as the mitotic index were determined in both the retinal zone of cell death and in areas devoid of dead cells. In all developmental stages analyzed, the mitotic index was notably lower in the former than in non-necrotic zones, suggesting that cell proliferation is partially inhibited in retinal areas of cell death. PMID- 3213979 TI - Changes in the pattern of intercellular transfer of lucifer yellow between villus epithelial cells during postnatal development. AB - We demonstrate the pattern of intercellular transfer of Lucifer yellow between villus epithelial cells during postnatal development. Epithelial cells in all villi from newborn mice demonstrate high dye transfer efficiency. The efficiency of dye transfer decreases with the age of the mouse and with villus size, until in adult mice, dye transfer is observed only in what are presumably newly forming villi. We suggest that the development of an osmolality gradient in taller villi, a result of sodium pumps and a countercurrent multiplier, may be responsible for the changes in the pattern of dye transfer observed. PMID- 3213980 TI - Ileal band in northwest Indian subjects. AB - The incidence of the ileal band was recorded in 1,040 northwest Indian subjects varying in age from 1 day to 100 years on whom a medicolegal postmortem had been performed by the author. The band was present in 31.8% of male and 17.5% of female subjects (P less than .05) and was either quadrilateral (60%) or triangular in shape. In addition 25 foetuses, each above 250 mm in crown-rump length, 25 neonates, 25 monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and an equal number of dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs and rats were also dissected, but the band was found to be absent. In all the foetuses dissected and in 24 out of 25 newborns the caecum was found to be either in the subhepatic or right lumbar region. The earliest age at which the band was found was 7 months. As the band was absent in the animals and the newborns, it appears that it develops in man on account of attaining an erect posture. PMID- 3213981 TI - Clinical prosection for dental gross anatomy: a medial approach to the pterygomandibular space. AB - This paper describes a prosection of the pterygomandibular space from a medial perspective, as the dentist would encounter it. The prosection is performed on a bisected head, with vertebrae removed. The preparation can be used to demonstrate to the student the exact course of a needle during an inferior alveolar nerve block. The anatomical structures involved in performing the conventional, Gow Gates, or Akinosi injection techniques are directly compared. The impingement of a misplaced needle on neighboring structures can be demonstrated. PMID- 3213982 TI - [The role of pulsatile perfusion flow in decreasing hormonal stress reaction in open-heart surgery]. PMID- 3213983 TI - [Changes in the pulmonary surfactant system after heart surgery with artificial circulation and hypothermia]. PMID- 3213984 TI - [Factors increasing the safe time of induced heart arrest in hyperbaric oxygenation and normothermia]. PMID- 3213985 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on various indicators of lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte membranes]. PMID- 3213987 TI - [General anesthesia in the surgical treatment of tachycardia]. PMID- 3213986 TI - [Respiratory function of the blood in patients in critical conditions: saturation of arterial blood with O2 as a function of P50]. PMID- 3213988 TI - [Use of sodium nitroprusside in the prevention and treatment of postoperative hypertension and the correction of the indicators of primary hemostasis in patients with vasorenal hypertension]. PMID- 3213989 TI - [The problem of adequacy of general anesthesia in the surgery of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 3213990 TI - [Characteristics of the metabolism of energy substrates in the myocardium during inhalation and intravenous general anesthesia]. PMID- 3213991 TI - [Short-latency auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials of the brain in children with infectious neurotoxic syndrome]. PMID- 3213992 TI - [Secondary immunologic deficiency associated with deficiency of immunoglobulins and various aspects of its correction in the complex intensive therapy of patients with suppurative meningitis]. PMID- 3213993 TI - [Jet high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs during fibrobronchoscopy]. PMID- 3213994 TI - [Treatment of metabolic alkalosis in a patient with dynamic torsion of the stomach]. PMID- 3213995 TI - [Etiology of pruritus after epidural administration of narcotic analgesics]. PMID- 3213997 TI - Psychology and AIDS. PMID- 3213996 TI - [Possibilities of a spacious emergency ambulance in organizing and conducting intensive therapy and resuscitation of patients in emergency situations]. PMID- 3213998 TI - AIDS: the challenge to psychology. PMID- 3213999 TI - AIDS and public policy. A legislative view. PMID- 3214000 TI - A federal agency perspective on AIDS. PMID- 3214001 TI - Responding to the HIV epidemic. A national strategy. PMID- 3214002 TI - The psychology of preventing AIDS among intravenous drug users. A social learning conceptualization. PMID- 3214003 TI - Possible effects of reference group-based social influence on AIDS-risk behavior and AIDS prevention. PMID- 3214004 TI - The study of sexual behavior in relation to the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Caveats and recommendations. PMID- 3214005 TI - The impact of AIDS on practitioner and client. Notes for the therapeutic relationship. PMID- 3214006 TI - Ethical and legal issues in AIDS-related practice. PMID- 3214007 TI - Issues in the perception of AIDS risk and risk reduction activities by black and Hispanic/Latina women. PMID- 3214008 TI - Preventing HIV infection and AIDS in children and adolescents. Behavioral research and intervention strategies. PMID- 3214009 TI - Reducing the risk of AIDS in adolescents. PMID- 3214010 TI - APA and AIDS. The evolution of a scientific and professional initiative in the public interest. PMID- 3214011 TI - Managing AIDS at work. Psychology's role. PMID- 3214012 TI - [2d Basque World Congress. Symposium on pediatric oncology. 9th annual meeting of the Section on Pediatric Oncology of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics. Bilbao, October 1987. Proceedings]. PMID- 3214013 TI - [Burkitt's lymphoma. Experience of 8 Italian centers]. PMID- 3214014 TI - [Acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) during remission induction treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma: study of 26 patients]. PMID- 3214015 TI - [Non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the Burkitt type]. PMID- 3214017 TI - [Lymphoma of Burkitt's type: apropos of 10 cases]. PMID- 3214016 TI - [Non-Hodgkin non-Burkitt lymphomas. Study of 20 cases]. PMID- 3214018 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children; diffuse lymphoblastic histology; diffuse non lymphoblastic histology; LSA2-L2 experience. AB - The majority of the patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma present with extensive disease at diagnosis. Extranodal is the most common primary site and Non lymphoblastic histology is the most common histological subtype in pediatric lymphomas of which diffuse histiocytic is certainly the most common of the group, second only to diffuse lymphoblastic histology. Certain histological subtypes are associated with certain primary sites. The LSA2-L2 has been shown in this group to be as effective for lymphoblastic lymphoma as for non-lymphoblastic lymphomas, a slightly lower disease-free survival is due to the fact that, in this group, certain factors such as initial central nervous system involvement, initial bone marrow involvement, and high serum lactic dehydrogenase levels seem to play an important role in prognosis. The comparison of the disease-free survival for the two major subgroups, lymphoblastic and non-lymphoblastic shows the following: For primary intra-abdominal disease, in which clearly the majority belong to the Non lymphoblastic histology, with a total of 50 patients, the disease-free survival was 67%; for lymphoblastic histology with 5 patients, the actuarial disease-free survival was 100%. For primary mediastinal with 24 patients with diffuse lymphoblastic histology the disease-free survival was 95%, and in 13 patients with Non-lymphoblastic histology a disease-free survival of 83%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3214019 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and emergency surgery. Apropos of 12 cases]. AB - From 1972 to 1986, a total of 46 children with the histological diagnosis of Non Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated in our hospital. Twelve had emergency surgery. Nine of them presented with an acute abdominal condition and three bowel perforation during treatment for childhood Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Survival rate was 58%. PMID- 3214020 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results of a therapeutic protocol]. PMID- 3214021 TI - [Results of the treatment of 46 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children]. PMID- 3214022 TI - [Burkitt's lymphomas]. PMID- 3214023 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: review of 45 cases]. PMID- 3214024 TI - [Therapeutic results in Burkitt's lymphoma]. PMID- 3214025 TI - [Positive Philadelphia chromosome in childhood ALL]. PMID- 3214026 TI - [Preleukemia in acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 3214027 TI - [Myelodysplastic syndrome evolving into acute erythromegakaryoblastic leukemia. Apropos of a pediatric case]. PMID- 3214028 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity reaction caused by asparaginase]. PMID- 3214029 TI - [Inappropriate ADH syndrome and other toxic effects in the course of childhood ALL treated with vincristine]. PMID- 3214030 TI - Late CNS sequelae in long term survivors of childhood leukemia. PMID- 3214031 TI - [Prognostic factors and evolution in 92 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. AB - The authors reviewed 92 patients diagnosed as ALL. Age range was 1 to 12 years (x = 5 years), 50 males and 42 females. The patients were classified as high risk, intermediate and low risk according to the following prognostic factors: sex, age at diagnosis, visceromegaly, adenopathy, initial WBC, HB, immunoglobulins, and platelets, FAB morphological classification, and bone marrow response to initial therapy, immunological markers, CNS infiltration and mediastinal mass. The previous factors were analyzed individually and also the results obtained with each risk group according to the treatment applied. PMID- 3214032 TI - [Central nervous system involvement in children with acute lymphoid leukemias. A retrospective study]. PMID- 3214033 TI - [Leukoencephalopathy induced by the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3214034 TI - [Prophylaxis and treatment of the central nervous system in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood]. PMID- 3214035 TI - [Secondary effects of prophylactic nervous system treatment in childhood ALL. Diagnostic and prognostic evaluation using cranial CAT scans]. PMID- 3214036 TI - Prognostic factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. PMID- 3214037 TI - [Meningeal involvement in ALL. Comparative study of 2 methods of protecting the CNS]. PMID- 3214039 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children under 2 years: review of 23 cases]. PMID- 3214040 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, type T: therapeutic results]. PMID- 3214038 TI - Twelve years experience with methotrexate infusions in childhood ALL. PMID- 3214041 TI - [High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3214042 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) having different risk levels with the BFM-83 therapeutic protocol]. PMID- 3214043 TI - Treatment of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia with protocols PETHEMA LAL 7/78 and LAL 17/84. PMID- 3214044 TI - Intensified chemotherapy for childhood lymphoblastic leukemia: modifications and results of induction treatment in St. Jude Study XI. AB - The value of intensified chemotherapy for improving event-free survival rates in childhood lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is now widely accepted among leukemia therapists. Still to be determined are (1) the optimal method of intensification, (2) the subset or subsets of patients for whom such treatment may be excessive, and (3) whether or not cure rates in ALL can be further improved by alternative approaches to intensification. St. Jude Total Therapy Study XI, based on predictions of the Goldie-Coldmand model of drug resistance, addresses some of these questions by use of rotational "non-cross-resistant" drug pairs throughout the course of therapy. A new method of risk classification has been developed to refine distinctions among prognostic subgroups, especially to identify patients with biologically unfavorable ALL. Unacceptable toxicity noted in the first 134 children enrolled in this study led to two protocol modifications. One hundred thirty-two patients have been treated subsequently without undue toxicity. The treatment is now being delivered safely. Our early experience with this regimen demonstrates some of the hazards of intensive multidrug combination treatment, but gains in leukemia control appear to justify this approach. PMID- 3214045 TI - [High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Results of a diagnostic-therapeutic protocol]. PMID- 3214047 TI - [Intensification of chemotherapy in maintenance therapy and in periodic reinduction of remission in high-risk childhood ALL]. PMID- 3214046 TI - [Cytosine arabinoside and VM-26 in induction treatment, failures and recurrences of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias]. PMID- 3214048 TI - Biochemical analysis of bone compacta in osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 3214049 TI - Genetic counselling in perinatally lethal and severe progressively deforming osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 3214050 TI - Surgical treatment of the deformities of the long bones in severe osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - The authors report their experience in the surgical treatment of bone deformities in osteogenesis imperfecta, based upon 45 operations in 13 severely affected patients. Three different procedures were used. Fragmentation and temporary fixation by means of a wire does not guarantee a sufficient protection of the bone and shows a relapse of deformity at the lower limbs; fragmentation, realignment and intramedullary rods, technically easier, is indicated in patients who are near the end of osseous growth; the extensible Bailey-Dubow rod, being an even more complicated application, is absolutely indicated in the bone in growth. Functional recovery of the patients was satisfactory, and complications were scarse, with the exception of a significant incidence of diaphyseal atrophy. PMID- 3214051 TI - Heterogeneity in osteogenesis imperfecta: clinical and morphological findings. PMID- 3214052 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta in Southern Africa. Diagnostic categorisation and biomolecular findings. PMID- 3214053 TI - Collagen studies in an osteogenesis imperfecta type III family. PMID- 3214054 TI - Severe nonlethal osteogenesis imperfecta: biochemical heterogeneity. PMID- 3214055 TI - Normal thermal stability of an overmodified type I collagen despite a structural mutation within the triple helical region in a case of osteogenesis imperfecta type IVB. PMID- 3214056 TI - Delayed triple-helix formation of abnormal type I collagen is corrected by reduced temperature. Studies of a family with variable expression of osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 3214057 TI - Defining structural defects in type I collagen by protein analysis? PMID- 3214058 TI - Biochemical heterogeneity of type I collagen mutations in osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 3214059 TI - Antifungal drugs. PMID- 3214060 TI - Pyrido [3,4-e]-1,2,4-triazines and related heterocycles as potential antifungal agents. PMID- 3214061 TI - Synthesis and antifungal properties of dihydrobenzothiophene azoles. PMID- 3214062 TI - Synthesis and antifungal properties of 14-aminomethyl-substituted lanosterol derivatives. PMID- 3214063 TI - Synthesis of antifungal imidazoles and triazoles. PMID- 3214064 TI - The galbonolides. Novel, powerful antifungal macrolides from Streptomyces galbus ssp. eurythermus. PMID- 3214065 TI - Antifungal proteins from plants. PMID- 3214067 TI - Hydroxamic acid antimycotic antibiotics. A new group of antibiotics. PMID- 3214066 TI - Amphotericin B. Synthesis of its aglycone (amphoteronolide B) and degradation. PMID- 3214068 TI - Novel antifungal antibiotic BMY-28567. Structural study and biological activities. PMID- 3214069 TI - RI-331, a new antifungal antibiotic. PMID- 3214070 TI - Use of chemiluminescence to evaluate the influence of antifungal agents on immune cell function. PMID- 3214071 TI - Activity of ICI 195,739--a novel, orally active bistriazole--in rodent models of fungal and protozoal infections. AB - ICI 195,739 shows superior potency to other azoles in eliminating vaginal candidosis or dermatophyte infections in animal models of infection by both oral dosing and topical application; effective doses are in the range of 0.5-5.0 mg/kg/day or 0.01-0.30% in a topical formulation. ICI 195,739 is likewise effective in models of systemic fungal infection; 1, 10, 25 mg/kg/day will protect animals given a lethal inoculum of C. albicans, C. neoformans, or A. fumigatus, respectively, as long as dosing is continued, showing activity in this respect superior to that of other azoles tested. ICI 195,739 will suppress infections in mice with T. cruzi and prevent mortality with five daily doses of 1 mg/kg; cure rather than suppression of patent infections has been achieved with 35 daily doses of 10 mg/kg. PMID- 3214072 TI - Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel isoxazolidine compounds. PMID- 3214073 TI - Evaluation of fungicidal action in vitro and in a skin model considering the influence of penetration kinetics of various standard antimycotics. AB - Ciclopiroxolamine (Loprox) was the first representative of hydroxpyridones to be developed as a topical antifungal. In the microtitration test and in a skin model using excised skin prices of slaughtered pigs, the fungistatic and fungicidal activity as well as the penetration kinetics of ciclopiroxolamine and ciclopirox were compared with those of the azole compounds bifonazole, clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole, oxiconazole, and tioconazole, and with other antimycotics such as naftifine, sulbentine, tolciclate, and tolnaftate. Clotrimazole had an in vitro inhibitory activity superior to that of the hydroxypyridone ciclopiroxolamine; the latter compound, however, exhibited faster penetration and higher inhibitory or fungicidal activity than the azoles and other antimycotics in the pig skin model. Studies of cream formulations with antimycotics at the bottom layer of the stratum corneum (close to the stratum granulosum) showed that ciclopiroxolamine cream had the most prominent inhibitory effect (93%) and the highest fungicidal activity (98%). The other antimycotics tested exhibited growth inhibition rates of 50% or less and lower fungicidal rates. Inoculated pig skin was treated with lacquer formulations to show that ciclopirox completely inhibited the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, whereas the clotrimazole treated samples allowed only 0.47% growth. The fungicidal activity of lacquer formulations was 99% for ciclopirox and around 90% for most of the azoles on the pig skin model. The necessity of models tackling the complex penetration kinetics in human skin was discussed. PMID- 3214074 TI - Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Secondary effects and enhanced in vivo efficacy. AB - Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors such as the imidazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles are generally regarded as inhibitors of sterol C-14 demethylation. Neither the MIC values nor the data for direct interaction with the cytochrome P-450 responsible for oxidative C-14 methyl removal, however, fully explain the observed in vivo efficacy. The first generation of azoles, which includes clotrimazole and miconazole, has been supplemented by a second generation, and azoles of the new generation are capable of additional effects on sterol biosynthesis. With the new azoles, for example, delta 5 sterols may accumulate, the accumulation being due to additional sites of inhibition in sterol biosynthesis or to direct membrane azole interactions. Ketoconazole, itraconazole, and vibunazole are representative of the azoles of the second generation. Finally, a third generation of azoles has been discovered. Azoles of this generation, which include fluconazole, show almost negligible in vitro potency against saprophytically grown fungi but excellent in vivo efficacy. These compounds specifically affect parasitic forms of fungi, thus blocking invasion processes, and interfere directly with the plasma membrane, as shown in leakage experiments. Such secondary effects obviously enhance in vivo potency. PMID- 3214075 TI - Substituted 5-phenoxyalkyl-3-phenyl-3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2- methylisoxazolidines. Antifungal activity and structure-activity relationship studies. PMID- 3214076 TI - In vitro antifungal activity of novel substituted 3,5-diphenyl-3-(1H-imidazol-1 ylmethyl)-2-methylisoxazolidine derivatives. PMID- 3214077 TI - cis-3-(substituted phenyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-methyl-5-([(substituted phenyl)thio(or amino)]methyl)isoxazolidines. In vitro antifungal activity and structure-activity relationships. PMID- 3214078 TI - 3-(substituted phenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-methyl-5- [(substituted phenoxy)methyl]-isoxazolidine derivatives. Structure-activity relationships. PMID- 3214079 TI - cis-5-alkoxyalkyl-3-phenyl-3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2- methylisoxazolidine derivatives. PMID- 3214080 TI - In vitro antifungal activity of novel substituted 3,5-diphenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4 triazol-1-ylmethyl)-2- methylisoxazolidine derivatives. PMID- 3214081 TI - In vitro antifungal activity and structure-activity relationship studies of novel cis-5-acyloxyalkyl-3-phenyl-3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2- methylisoxazolidine derivatives. PMID- 3214082 TI - cis-5-alkyl(or alkenyl)-3-phenyl-3-(1H-imidazole-1-ylmethyl)-2- methylisoxazolidine derivatives. In vitro antifungal activity and structure activity relationships. PMID- 3214083 TI - Novel 5-phenyl(or phenoxyalkyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2- methylisoxazolidines. In vitro antifungal activity. PMID- 3214084 TI - In vitro activity of novel 5-(phenyl or phenoxyalkyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-3-(1H imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2- methylisoxazolidines. PMID- 3214085 TI - In vitro activity of novel 5-carbonyl derivatives of 3-phenyl-3-(1H-imidazol-1 ylmethyl)- 2-methyl-isoxazolidines. PMID- 3214086 TI - In vitro activity of novel cis-5-substituted-3-(2-naphthalenyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-1 ylmethyl)- 2-methylisoxazolidine derivatives. PMID- 3214087 TI - Antifungal chemotherapy with oral amphotericin B. PMID- 3214088 TI - Synthesis and structure-activity correlations within allylamine antimycotics. PMID- 3214089 TI - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Antibiotic and immunologic therapy. PMID- 3214090 TI - Ketoconazole treatment of coccidioidal meningitis. AB - Fifteen patients with coccidioidal meningitis were treated with high doses of ketoconazole for up to 4 years. Five patients were treated with ketoconazole alone. One clinically failed, one developed hepatotoxicity, and three achieved remission of meningitis. One patient received intrathecal AMB in addition to ketoconazole for only 2 weeks before continuing on ketoconazole alone. He improved, but discontinued ketoconazole because of nausea and vomiting, and suffered a lethal relapse. Nine patients received ketoconazole in combination with prolonged courses of intrathecal AMB. Two patients were failures from nausea and vomiting, and the remaining seven either improved or experienced remission. The clinical responses appeared to be similar in patients receiving high-dose ketoconazole, either alone or combined with AMB, suggesting that there is no clinically significant antagonism of the drugs. Nausea and vomiting are significant limitations of high-dose ketoconazole. Ketoconazole alone is effective in some patients with coccidioidomycotic meningitis. PMID- 3214091 TI - Treatment of fungal infections with semisynthetic derivatives of amphotericin B alpha. AB - AME appeared to be as effective as AmB in the treatment of mycoses in humans. AME was much less nephrotoxic than AmB, and was better tolerated in terms of rapid onset and reversible adverse reactions. AME may be more ototoxic than AmB. AME, even as AmB and OAME, may cause neurotoxicity and leukoencephalopathy, particularly when high doses are given for long periods. PMID- 3214092 TI - Parenteral 5-fluorocytosine in the therapy of systemic mycoses. PMID- 3214093 TI - Correlations between two-feet-one-hand dermatophytosis, palmar sweating, and handedness. PMID- 3214094 TI - Liposomes as carriers of antifungal drugs. PMID- 3214095 TI - Structure-activity relationships of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)vinyl ethers. Route to the new broad-spectrum antifungal agent omoconazole. PMID- 3214096 TI - [Convulsions in mice after administration of a new aminolactone (FK-3)]. PMID- 3214097 TI - [Stability and detection of metabolites of barbiturates: 2-oxo tetrahydro-3 furoic acids]. PMID- 3214098 TI - [Identification and determination of folic acid and folates by high performance liquid chromatography. Validation of the method]. PMID- 3214099 TI - [Thin-layer and high performance liquid chromatographic study of tetramethylthionin chloride (methylene blue) used in general medicine and tetramethylthionin base for the eyes]. PMID- 3214100 TI - [Action of human methanogenic microbiaflora on the absorption and fixation of bismuth in the rat]. PMID- 3214102 TI - [Chromatographic behavior of anthraquinone derivatives on high performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 3214101 TI - [Study of azulen in 3 subspecies of Achillea millefolium L]. PMID- 3214103 TI - [Cancer of the stomach. Retrospective and prognostic study apropos of 210 surgically treated patients]. PMID- 3214105 TI - [A wound of superior mesenteric vessels. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3214104 TI - [Long-term survival of patients operated on for cancer of the esophagus. Definition of parameters influencing survival]. PMID- 3214106 TI - [A new type of sternal retractor for dissecting the 2 internal mammary arteries]. PMID- 3214107 TI - [Medium-term results of the Fontan's operation in tricuspid atresia]. PMID- 3214108 TI - [Long-term outcome of surgically treated congenital aortic valve stenoses (excluding obstructive myocardiopathies). Apropos of 127 cases]. PMID- 3214109 TI - [Triple valve replacement: personal experience over 15 years]. PMID- 3214110 TI - [Comparison between Saint-Jude's valve and Bjork-Shiley and Starr-Edwards 6120 prostheses inserted in mitral position by randomized study. 4 to 8 year's follow up. Apropos of 357 surgically treated cases]. PMID- 3214111 TI - [Isolated mitral valve replacement by the Bjork-Shiley valve in 136 patients with a follow-up of 10 to 16 years]. PMID- 3214112 TI - [New biochemical markers of myocardial ischemia during cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3214113 TI - [Surveillance elements of pneumonectomy spaces. Comparison of MRI and x-ray CT]. PMID- 3214114 TI - Deprecating the diagnostic significance of free thyroxine levels in human serum. AB - Prime diagnostic importance has been postulated for the measurement of free thyroxine in human serum. During the past decade various innovative and routinely applicable techniques have been developed for its assay, and claims for their superior performance in clinical practice have subsequently been made. However, in our opinion, based on current literature concerning thyroxine metabolism together with basic information about the physicochemical characteristics that govern its intravascular distribution, it seems appropriate to indicate caution against overestimating the diagnostic sensitivity attributed to free thyroxine measurement irrespective of assay methodology and its conceptual elegance. PMID- 3214115 TI - Factors influencing the free androgen index in a group of subfertile women with normal ovaries. AB - Eighty-five regularly cycling women with normal ovaries at laparoscopy, were studied to determine the factors that influence the free androgen index (FAI). It was found that body mass index (BMI), age of the patient and the phase of the menstrual cycle that the blood was collected can all affect the FAI. It is recommended that where possible, specimens should be collected in the early follicular phase to avoid misinterpretation of the result. PMID- 3214116 TI - Evaluation of an immunoassay for plasma sex hormone-binding globulin: comparison with steroid-binding assay under physiological and pathological conditions. AB - It is possible that alterations in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity are due to changes in binding kinetics rather than changes in concentration and, therefore, the immunoreactivity of SHBG may not reflect the binding activity. In this study an immunoradiometric (IRMA) assay was evaluated and the results compared with those of an established binding capacity assay. The correlation between the results of the IRMA (y) and binding assay (x) for 179 specimens was r = 0.984, y = 0.95x + 5.9. Irrespective of the method used, SHBG values in normal non-pregnant women were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than those in normal men, hirsute women, women with polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperprolactinaemic women and obese women, and were significantly less than those in pregnant women; SHBG levels in hirsute women rose during treatment with certain anovulants and fell in genetic males during the second decade of life independent of androgen levels or activity. While being technically simpler SHBG IRMA provides comparable results to the classical binding assay, indicating that immunoreactivity is an excellent index of binding activity. PMID- 3214117 TI - A simplified scheme for the investigation of thyroid function in chronic liver disease. AB - The investigation of thyroid disease in the presence of chronic liver disease (CLD) is difficult. Conventional tests are influenced by chronic illness and abnormal concentrations of binding proteins. A three tier system is normally used; thyroxine (T4), then T3 or TSH and an index for binding proteins. The recently introduced TSH immunoradiometric assays (IRMA) offer the potential of a single test assessment of thyroid function. This was assessed by the measurement of T4, T3, THBC and the free thyroxine indices in subjects with CLD. Conventional tests showed a high number of abnormal T4 values but binding indices were normal. The TSH-IRMA results were all normal. TSH-IRMA assays are rapid, easy to use and cheap. They remove the uncertainties in assessing thyroid function in CLD and may be the test of choice. PMID- 3214119 TI - Creatine determinations as an early marker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. AB - In the acute phase of acute myocardial infarction (3-8 h after onset of symptoms) an early transient increase in the creatine concentration of serum, saliva, and especially of urine can be observed. Due to the renal threshold, urine values give a much better discrimination between infarction patients and controls than do serum determination. In some patients secondary peaks of serum and urine creatine concentrations can be seen about 24-36 h after hospital admission. Intramuscular injections of 5.0 mL of a saline solution and muscular trauma interfere with the test, but with angina pectoris interference is absent or limited. Creatine leakage from myocardium is insufficient to explain the observed creatinuria in infarctions, and intact extra-cardiac tissues are believed to be involved in creatine release. PMID- 3214118 TI - Early diagnosis of myocardial infarction by timed sequential enzyme measurements. AB - Serum samples from patients admitted to a coronary care unit with a history of acute chest pain suggestive of myocardial infarction in the previous 12 h were obtained on admission and at 6 and 12 h, thereafter. Creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB isoenzyme, CK-MM sub-bands, myoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes were examined. Changes were evaluated in relation to the diagnosis obtained from clinical examination, serial electrocardiography and 'routine' cardiac enzymes (CK, aspartate transaminase and alpha-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase daily for 3 days following admission). The slope of the logarithms of CK, CK-MB activity and CK-MB concentration in the early post infarct period fully distinguished between infarct and non-infarct patients. Measurement of myoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes was less sensitive. Serial estimation of CK-MM sub-band patterns allowed the time from infarction to be estimated. Serial estimation of CK in the 12 h following admission can be substituted for conventional daily enzyme estimations for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with onset of chest pain within the previous 12 h. This could reduce laboratory and in-patient costs. PMID- 3214120 TI - Body composition and plasma creatine kinase activity. AB - Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity and lean body mass (LBM) (by anthropometry) were measured in 120 women (20-82 years) and 70 men (20-82 years). Plasma CK activity and LBM was higher in men than in women. In men plasma CK activity was significantly correlated (product moment correlation coefficient) with LBM and negatively with age. In women plasma CK activity was significantly correlated with age. Partial correlation coefficient calculation showed a significant correlation between plasma CK and LBM both in men and in women. We conclude that in healthy subjects the plasma CK activity is related to LBM, but the LBM is not a major determinant of plasma activity in healthy subjects. PMID- 3214121 TI - Performance of screening tests for porphyria. AB - The clinical utility of screening tests for porphyria has been assessed in 201 cases referred to Northwick Park Hospital. Routine screening in the referring laboratories was unreliable giving both false negative and positive results. Only 43% of porphyrics were correctly identified, apparently due to poor analytical sensitivity. Evidence is presented to show that the adoption of alternative semiquantitative tests for porphyrins employing spectrophotometric scanning of acidified urine or of faecal extracts will overcome many of these problems. PMID- 3214122 TI - Zinc absorption in haemodialysis patients. AB - The gastrointestinal absorption of zinc by haemodialysis patients has been investigated. Subnormal plasma zinc responses were observed in nine haemodialysis patients during oral zinc tolerance tests. These patients also had reduced leucocyte zinc concentrations which did not respond when 50 mg (0.77 mmol) of zinc was given daily by mouth for a period of 4 months. White cell zinc concentrations measured in another group of 10 haemodialysis patients were reduced initially, but rose to normal levels over 4 months when zinc was added to the fluid used for dialysis. These data suggest that the intestinal absorption of zinc was defective in the dialysis patients participating in this investigation. PMID- 3214123 TI - The acidification response of normal subjects to ammonium chloride using a 3-day loading test. AB - The acidification response to NH4 Cl loading (0.1 g/kg bw/day) was tested in 16 normal healthy subjects in the basal fasting state on Day 4, the subjects having taken the salt daily for the 3 previous days. The response was measured in terms of blood pH and in urine, creatinine, phosphate, pH, titratable acidity, ammonium, net acidity and creatinine clearance. To minimise inter-subject variation the urine values were adjusted to a standard body surface area of 1.73 m2. A normal range for the blood pH of the mean value +/- 2 SD, encompassed the observed range of values. However, to fit the observed range of acid-base values in urine into the 2 SD range required a logarithmic transformation of the data. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant correlation between blood [H+] net acid secretion, urine titratable acidity and ammonium. Urine net acid secretion was positively correlated with urinary phosphate, titratable acidity and ammonium. PMID- 3214124 TI - The relationship between theophylline, caffeine and heart rate in neonates. AB - Plasma theophylline and caffeine levels were measured in neonates receiving aminophylline for apnoea. Significant levels of caffeine were present in neonates with high plasma theophylline levels and particularly in those children who had been on theophylline for 6 days, or more. Caffeine levels in plasma decreased slowly compared to theophylline. Tachycardia did not occur in any infants even at theophylline values greater than 20 mg/L. For theophylline concentrations above 10 mg/L there was no relationship between heart rate and drug level. Heart rate alone cannot be used to predict toxic drug levels, and high drug levels will not necessarily cause tachycardia. PMID- 3214125 TI - Serum albumin by dye-binding: bromocresol green or bromocresol purple? The case for conservatism. AB - Pooled patient's serum selected to have a wide range of albumin concentrations was analysed for albumin by bromocresol green with both long and short incubation times and also by bromocresol purple. Total protein, colloid osmotic pressure, calcium and magnesium were also measured. There were strong linear correlations between albumin measured by the three methods. Albumin values by bromocresol green with a short incubation time (1.5 min) averaged 5 g/L higher than those by bromocresol purple at all albumin concentrations. Colloid osmotic pressure correlated less strongly with total protein and with albumin by bromocresol purple than with albumin by the two bromocresol green methods. There were no significant differences between the correlation coefficients of calcium or magnesium with total protein and with albumin measured by the three methods. Bromocresol purple has no advantage over bromocresol green with a short incubation time for the clinical purposes for which albumin is measured: to detect abnormality, monitor change, predict colloid osmotic pressure and adjust calcium and magnesium for abnormal protein concentrations. PMID- 3214126 TI - Correlates of diabetes markers with erythrocytic enzymes decomposing reactive oxygen species. AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase were assayed in the erythrocytes of a diabetic population on various treatment regimens (diet, oral therapy, and insulin), to investigate any relationships between their activities and diabetes markers (serum glucose, lipids, and fructosamine, as well as glycated haemoglobin). In the group of patients as a whole, there was significant negative correlation of SOD, but not of the other two enzymes with glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine. Specifically, there was a lower activity of the enzyme in the poorly-controlled patients. It is concluded that SOD in particular is potentially an additional marker for long-term diabetic pathophysiology. PMID- 3214127 TI - Serum fructosamine does reflect levels of glycated serum albumin in insulin dependent diabetics. AB - Fructosamine was measured in the serum of 62 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) and 32 non-diabetics and the results compared with glycated albumin levels (GSA) measured using the affinity medium Cibarcron blue F3GA. Good correlations were found both for the IDD patients (r = 0.93) and the combined group of IDD plus non-diabetics (r = 0.95). We conclude, that fructosamine measurements accurately reflect GSA concentrations, and, therefore, provide a practical method for assessing intermediate term glycaemia in IDD. PMID- 3214128 TI - The effect of calibration on the between-laboratory variation of serum fructosamine. AB - Human pooled serum from diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, and calibrators containing glycated protein or 1-deoxy-1-morpholinofructose (DMF) in a variety of matrices, were distributed to 10 laboratories. When they used their own assay conditions and calibrators, the inter-laboratory variation was unacceptably high. However, when the pool from diabetic patients was reassayed using a calibrator with an assigned value prepared from freeze-dried human serum, and containing no DMF, inter-laboratory variation was reduced significantly. Inter-laboratory agreement for the pool from non-diabetic subjects remained poor despite recalibration. Recalibration using either serum or albumin based solutions of DMF as calibrator failed to effect any significant reductions in inter-laboratory variation. Secondary calibrators based on a protein matrix with no added DMF are recommended for routine use. PMID- 3214129 TI - Measurement of albumin in urine by end-point immunonephelometry. PMID- 3214130 TI - A new colorimetric method for the measurement of serum calcium using a zinc zincon indicator. PMID- 3214131 TI - Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase in alcoholics. PMID- 3214132 TI - When is serum albumin worth measuring? PMID- 3214133 TI - Synergistic effects of vitamin D metabolites. AB - The vitamin D3 metabolites 1 alpha,24R,25- and 1 alpha,25S,26-trihydroxy vitamin D3 and their combinations with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 were tested for antirachitic activity in rats, chicken and Japanese quails. The trihydroxylated compounds were found to increase the activity of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. Since this synergistic effect is restricted to calcium absorption and bone formation while bone calcium mobilization is unchanged, the combined administration might improve calcium balance. These findings raise the possibility of a more efficient therapy of vitamin D-dependent diseases with limited amounts of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. PMID- 3214134 TI - Dietary sucrose and oestradiol concentration in young men. AB - The dietary sugar of 15 young men was reduced from their habitual approximately 150 g/day to about 55 g/day. After 3 weeks, the concentration of oestradiol in their plasma fell by about 25%. Resumption of their habitual intake of sugar for 2 weeks restored the oestradiol concentration to its previous value. The results provide further evidence that dietary sugar can be one of the causes of coronary heart disease, and support the view that the underlying mechanism producing the disease is a disturbance in hormone balance. PMID- 3214135 TI - Diminished serum concentration of vitamin E in alcoholics. AB - The effect of heavy alcohol consumption on serum concentrations of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and selenium was studied in 13 alcoholics and 19 control subjects. Ethanol intake during the year previous to the study was in the range from 22 to 354 g/day and from 0 to 16 g/day among the alcoholics and controls, respectively. Of the 13 alcoholics, 6 had a serum concentration of alpha tocopherol below the lower limit of reference (14 mumol/l) and mean serum concentration of alpha-tocopherol was reduced by 37% as compared to controls (p less than 0.002). Estimated dietary intake of alpha-tocopherol during the year previous to the study was approximately 40% lower for the alcoholics (p less than 0.05). During hard-drinking periods the alcoholics had a markedly reduced intake of alpha-tocopherol as compared to moderate-drinking and abstinent periods. Mean serum concentration of selenium was significantly reduced in the alcoholics (1.2 +/- 0.3 mumol/l) as compared to the controls (1.6 +/- 0.2 mumol/l) (p less than 0.002). The reduced serum levels of alpha-tocopherol and selenium may influence the maintenance of normal cell structure and function, and contribute to development of diseases frequently observed in alcoholics. PMID- 3214136 TI - Residual volume as a tool in body fat prediction. AB - Possible methods of estimating residual volume for the prediction of body fat have been compared in young and healthy adults, with particular reference to the potential of a rapid helium equilibration method. In the first experiment, 5 women and 5 men performed nitrogen elimination, oxygen dilution and helium equilibration tests; scores for the helium test were higher than for the other two methods, but lay between the predictions made by Bass in 1964 and by Wilmore in 1969 and the values predicted by the equation of Goldman and Becklake in 1959. However, estimates of body density and body fat, based on residual volumes obtained from the prediction equations, did not differ significantly from those obtained directly by helium equilibration. A second experiment compared the helium and the oxygen techniques in 18 men and 18 women, with similar results. A final experiment compared the simple helium equilibration procedure with vital capacity and anthropometric predictions also suited to large scale determinations of body composition. It is concluded that the rapid helium equilibration procedure provides a fast and convenient procedure for the residual volume component of a body fat estimation. However, further study of the adequacy of equilibration is needed in older subjects and in patients with chronic chest disease. PMID- 3214137 TI - Seasonal variations of serum lipids and apoproteins. AB - Seasonal variations of blood lipids, which must be considered when performing long-term studies, could be partially due to dietary changes. In the present study, serum lipid parameters were measured each month for 1 year in nuns living in a monastery, whose diet was perfectly regular and controlled. The serum lipid variations observed consisted mainly of an increase in total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B in autumn and spring and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in winter, whereas apolipoproteins A-I and A II showed a marked increase in summer and at the beginning of autumn. These variations were probably induced by factors directly related to seasonal rhythm and not to dietary factors or physical exercise. Lastly, the influence of sex hormones seems to be very minor, as postmenopausal women (one-third of the persons) had an identical variation in their lipid parameters, to that observed in the whole group. PMID- 3214138 TI - Effect of vitamin A on rat hepatic mixed-function oxidases, glutathione transferase activity and generations of oxygen radicals. AB - Rat hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities were not significantly affected by vitamin A deficiency. Similarly cytosolic glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities as well as total glutathione levels were unaffected by the vitamin A status. Induction of the mixed-function oxidases by 3 methylcholanthrene or phenobarbitone was independent of the vitamin A status. No significant differences in microsomal chemiluminescence, before and following challenge with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, were evident between the vitamin-A deficient animals and those maintained on vitamin-A-supplemented diets. The present findings indicate that the protective action of vitamin A against chemical carcinogens is unlikely to involve modulation of the enzyme systems responsible for their metabolism. PMID- 3214139 TI - Influence of casein versus soy protein isolate on lipid metabolism of minipigs. AB - This report describes whether a complete exchange of soy protein isolate for casein affects serum lipid or lipoprotein levels. For this purpose, 10 adult minipigs underwent two 6-week crossover experiments, one with 11 and one with 22 weight % protein in a western-style diet. Cholesterol levels were 2.02 +/- 0.06 and 1.98 +/- 0.04 mmol/l with casein and soy, respectively (22 weight %) and 2.08 +/- 0.06 and 2.04 +/- 0.05 mmol/l, respectively (11 weight %). There was a significant rise of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the lower protein intake, both with casein and soy. In all experiments nitrogen balance was positive. Soy feeding was accompanied by a significant rise of fecal bacterial protein excretion, as calculated from diaminopimelic acid. In summary, no statistically significant difference of plasma or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were observed, neither due to the kind nor to the amount of dietary protein. PMID- 3214140 TI - Vitamin E intake affects serum thromboxane and tissue essential fatty acid composition in the rat. AB - The influence of dietary vitamin E on the composition of essential fatty acids in rat tissue and plasma lipids as well as serum thromboxane B2 was studied. Diets containing deficient (0 mg/kg diet), adequate (100 mg/kg) or supplemental (1,000 mg/kg) vitamin E were fed to young male rats for 10 weeks. The ratio of dihomo gamma-linolenic acid to arachidonic acid in phospholipids of plasma, liver, and testes was increased in vitamin-E-supplemented rats. Serum thromboxane B2 was increased in vitamin-E-deficient rats. The data support a role for vitamin E in affecting both metabolism of long chain fatty acids, i.e. dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2. PMID- 3214141 TI - Hypocholesterolaemic effects of dietary propionate: studies in whole animals and perfused rat liver. AB - In adult male rats fed a non-purified diet supplemented with 5% sodium propionate, plasma cholesterol concentrations were significantly depressed. Although liver cholesterol was increased by feeding propionate, rates of hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis were unchanged. Tissue concentrations and rates of synthesis of cholesterol were also unaffected by dietary propionate in stomach, small intestine and caecum. Concentrations of propionate in hepatic portal venous plasma were raised by feeding the supplemented diet but the increase was low in comparison to the dietary intake. Examination of the gut contents revealed concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) of 19 mumol/ml in the stomach contents of control rats and 148 mumol/ml (of which propionate contributed 116 mumol/ml) in those fed the supplemented diet. Duodenal and ileal concentrations of VFA were very low and were only slightly raised in the propionate-fed rats while caecal VFA were the same in both groups with a combined mean of 159 mumol/ml. These data indicate that in the rat, the absorption of dietary propionate appears to occur in the stomach. In pigs fed a standard ration hepatic portal venous VFA remained low for the first 4 h after feeding but then rose with the onset of large bowel fermentation. Feeding the diet supplemented with propionate caused hepatic portal venous plasma concentrations to rise by approximately 0.4 mumol/ml. This increase was apparent 30 min after feeding and was sustained for 3 h but subsequently there was no difference to controls. As in the rat, the absorption of dietary propionate appeared to occur in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The transport of propionate via the porcine hepatic portal vein also appeared insufficient to account for the dietary intake and suggests metabolism of the acid by the upper gastrointestinal tract. Further studies with perfused livers from fed rats indicated that propionate at a concentration of 1 mumol/ml did not alter cholesterol synthesis but that inhibition occurred at 18 mumol of propionate/ml. It appears that a redistribution of cholesterol from the plasma to the liver, rather than inhibition of hepatic and intestinal cholesterol synthesis, is responsible for the hypocholesterolaemic effects of dietary propionate. Because the absorption and transport of dietary propionate appears to follow a time course which differs considerably to that of the acid produced by the large bowel microflora, we conclude also that VFA produced by such fermentation would not seem to be responsible for the hypocholesterolaemic effects of certain water soluble plant fibres. PMID- 3214142 TI - Cognitive restraint, weight suppression, and the regulation of eating. AB - The role of cognitive restraint and weight suppression in the regulation of eating was investigated. Subjects high or low in cognitive restraint, and high or low in weight suppression, were given a milkshake preload and then tested for ice cream consumption. Cognitive restraint was measured with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Weight suppression was defined as the difference between one's current weight and highest weight ever. Contrary to predictions, level of cognitive restraint was unrelated to amount of food eaten, whereas suppression was associated with a significant reduction in eating following the preload. Weight suppressors ate significantly less food than weight non-suppressors in spite of the fact that they weighed more than non-suppressors, were highly restrained, and had eaten significantly less than non-suppressors prior to coming to the study. It was suggested that weight suppressors in this study were for the most part successful dieters who showed several signs of having adapted to the lower weights they were maintaining. PMID- 3214143 TI - Food preferences in families. AB - Preferences for a wide variety of foods were examined in families: 77 students, plus their siblings, mothers and fathers, for a total of 241 subjects. The food preferences of family members were more similar than would be expected by chance. However, this occurred entirely in the comparisons between spouses and between female family members. The results also indicated sex and age differences in family members' food preferences. For example, females tended to prefer low calorie foods more when they were older, while males tended to prefer alcoholic beverages more when they were older. Both males and females showed a greater preference for coffee when they were older. Some of the variance in food preferences can be explained by an individual's family members' food preferences, as well as by the individual's sex and age. PMID- 3214144 TI - An application of the repertory grid method to investigate consumer perceptions of foods. AB - This paper describes the development of a method for investigating consumer perceptions of foods. Each of 46 subjects independently used a version of Kelly's repertory grid method to elucidate the attributes (constructs) perceived in 25 meat products. Subjects then scaled the individual products with respect to each of their own constructs. Data were input to generalized Procrustes analysis to obtain a perceptual map of the products for each subject and a consensus product map. The principal components of the consensus map, and hence the important perceptual attributes, were interpreted by identifying the constructs which were most heavily weighted by individual subjects. PMID- 3214145 TI - The influence of meal composition on post-lunch changes in performance efficiency and mood. AB - Effects of meal composition on post-lunch changes in performance efficiency and mood were examined. Lunch had an effect on mood, with subjects feeling more lethargic, feeble, clumsy, muzzy, dreamy, bored and mentally slow after the meal. However, the composition of the lunch did not influence this effect. High starch and high sugar meals slowed reactions to visual stimuli presented in the periphery, whereas consumption of a high protein lunch was associated with greater susceptibility to distraction from stimuli close to the target. These results show that protein and carbohydrate meals affect different aspects of attention. That is, the behavioural effects of a meal depend both on its composition and on the particular nature of the activity being carried out. PMID- 3214146 TI - Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions eliminate gastric acid secretion elicited by anticipated eating. AB - Electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) produce an obesity syndrome characterized, in part, by excessive food intake and adiposity. Several hypotheses suggest that VMH lesion-induced hyperphagia results from elevated parasympathetic tone on the viscera expressed via the vagus nerves. To evaluate this possibility, vagally-mediated gastric acid secretion was measured in control and VMH-lesion rats. Initially, Pavlovian conditioning was used to elicit acid secretion to anticipated eating. VMH lesions eliminated the ability to mobilize acid secretion to the expectation of eating even though other behavioural indices of conditioning indicated that VMH rats still expected the food. The generality of the acid secretory deficit in VMH rats was evaluated by activating vagally mediated acid secretion pharmacologically with insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). VMH rats significantly increased acid secretion to insulin, although the response was attenuated compared to controls. Acid secretion stimulated by 2DG was normal. Thus the effects of VMH lesions on vagally-mediated acid secretion depend on the way in which the response is activated. The implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 3214147 TI - Effect of dexfenfluramine on taste preferences and aversions in rats. AB - Administration of D-fenfluramine immediately following ingestion of a distinctively flavored solid or liquid diet led to subsequent rejection of that flavor when offered in a two-flavor choice test. This effect occurred with both solid and liquid diets. PMID- 3214148 TI - Formation, regeneration, and transfection of Lactobacillus plantarum protoplasts. AB - Protoplasts of L. plantarum were produced by mutanolysin-lysozyme digestion at 50 degrees C and regenerated at a frequency of 1.6 to 3.8%. The addition of Tween 80 to the growth medium increased the length of time required for protoplast formation. When transfected with bacteriophage B2 DNA, transfection efficiencies ranged from 25 to 230 PFU/microgram of DNA and from 2.2 X 10(-5) to 4.7 X 10(-4) PFU per recovered protoplast. Total transfectant yield was 3.7 X 10(2) to 3.4 X 10(3) per treatment. Transformations with plasmid DNA were unsuccessful. PMID- 3214149 TI - Molecular cloning of the penicillin G acylase gene from Arthrobacter viscosus. AB - Penicillin G acylase was purified from the cultured filtrate of Arthrobacter viscosus 8895GU and was found to consist of two distinct subunits with apparent molecular weights of 24,000 (alpha) and 60,000 (beta). The partial N-terminal amino acid sequences of the alpha and beta subunits were determined with a protein gas phase sequencer, and a 29-base oligonucleotide corresponding to the partial amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit was synthesized. An Escherichia coli transformant having the penicillin G acylase gene was isolated from an A. viscosus gene library by hybridization with the 29-base probe. The resulting positive clone was further screened by the Serratia marcescens overlay technique. E. coli carrying a plasmid designated pHYM-1 was found to produce penicillin G acylase in the cells. This plasmid had an 8.0-kilobase pair DNA fragment inserted in the EcoRI site of pACYC184. PMID- 3214150 TI - Procedure for isolating the endophyte from tall fescue and screening isolates for ergot alkaloids. AB - A procedure was developed to isolate and determine ergot alkaloid production by Acremonium coenophialum, the endophytic fungus of tall fescue. The procedure established that macerated leaf sheath or pith from inflorescence stem placed either in a liquid medium or on a corn meal-malt extract agar medium produced isolated mycelium and characteristic conidia within a 3- to 3.5-week period. Once isolated, each fungus was placed in another liquid medium, M104T, where competent strains produced total ergot alkaloids ranging from 38 to 797 mg/liter. Several isolates were negative for ergot alkaloid synthesis. The production of ergot alkaloids by individual isolates was unstable; isolates rapidly degenerated in their ability to produce ergot alkaloids during subculture. However, the procedure as presented allows the assessment of an isolate for ergot alkaloid synthesis during its initial isolation. PMID- 3214151 TI - Sensitivity of ruminal microorganisms to pentachlorophenol. AB - Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is used extensively as a biocidal agent, and there is considerable concern about the adverse effects of this compound in biological ecosystems. The effects of PCP on the growth and fermentative activity of cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms and the sensitivity of 14 ruminal bacterial species to PCP in pure culture were examined in this study. Increasing concentrations of PCP (9.4 to 375.4 microM) depressed growth and propionate concentrations in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. Wide differences in the sensitivities of ruminal bacterial strains to various concentrations of PCP were observed. Cellulolytic strains were highly sensitive to PCP, while amylolytic, sugar-utilizing, and intermediate acid-utilizing strains were more resistant. Growth of major succinate-producing strains was depressed by PCP. Strains which depend on substrate level phosphorylation appeared to be more resistant. The data suggest that the adverse effects of PCP on ruminal microorganisms may be the result of its role as both an uncoupler of electron transport and a protonophore. PMID- 3214152 TI - Activation thermodynamics of virus adsorption to solids. AB - The kinetics of bacteriophage MS2, T2, and f2 adsorption to powdered nitrocellulose and disrupted Seitz S1 filters at pH 7 were determined as a function of temperature. Data from these studies were combined with data produced in a previous study on MS2 adsorption to clay by Stagg et al. (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33:385-391, 1977). These workers studied the adsorption of MS2 to bentonite clay as a function of temperature. Data from both this previous study and the current one were used to calculate the thermodynamic parameters of virus adsorption. The results show that adsorption of bacteriophages to the solids tested is a physical process (energy of activation, less than 40 kcal [168 J]/mol) rather than a chemical process (energy of activation, greater than 40 kcal/mol). The free energy of activation showed a high negative correlation (r = 0.904, r2 = 0.817) with the percentage of virus adsorption to the solids tested. The energy of activation was highly negatively correlated with the percentage of virus adsorption to nitrocellulose and clay (r = -0.913, r2 = 0.834) but poorly correlated with the percentage of virus adsorption to disrupted Seitz S1 filters (r = -0.348, r2 = 0.121). In general, under conditions in which the percentage of virus adsorption was low, the energy of activation, the free energy of activation, and the entropy of activation were high. Increasing the percentage of virus adsorbed by changing the adsorbing conditions or changing the adsorbing solid decreased the energy of activation, the free energy of activation, and the entropy of activation. PMID- 3214153 TI - Growth-supporting activity for Legionella pneumophila in tap water cultures and implication of hartmannellid amoebae as growth factors. AB - Photosynthetic cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, free-living amoebae, and ciliated protozoa may support growth of Legionella pneumophila. Studies were done with two tap water cultures (WS1 and WS2) containing L. pneumophila and associated microbiota to characterize growth-supporting activity and assess the relative importance of the microbiota in supporting multiplication of L. pneumophila. The water cultures were incubated in the dark at 35 degrees C. The growth-supporting factor(s) was separated from each culture by filtration through 1-micron-pore-size membrane filters. The retentate was then suspended in sterile tap water. Multiplication of L. pneumophila occurred when both the retentate suspension and the filtrate from either culture were inoculated into sterile tap water. L. pneumophila did not multiply in tap water inoculated with only the filtrate, even though filtration did not reduce the concentration of L. pneumophila or heterotrophic bacteria in either culture. Growth-supporting activity of the retentate suspension from WS1 was inactivated at 60 degrees C but unaffected at 0, 25, and 45 degrees C after 30-min incubations. Filtration experiments indicated that the growth-supporting factor(s) in WS1 was 2 to 5 micron in diameter. Ciliated protozoa were not detected in either culture. Hartmannellid amoebae were conclusively demonstrated in WS2 but not in WS1. L. pneumophila multiplied in tap water inoculated with the amoebae (10(3)/ml) and the 1-micron filtrate of WS2. No multiplication occurred in tap water inoculated with the filtrate only. Growth-supporting activity for L. pneumophila may be present in plumbing systems; hartmannellid amoebae appear to be important determinants of multiplication of L. pneumophila in some tap water cultures. PMID- 3214154 TI - Degradation of 2-hydroxybiphenyl and 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl by Pseudomonas sp. strain HBP1. AB - Pseudomonas sp. strain HBP1 was found to grow on 2-hydroxy- and 2,2'-dihydroxy biphenyl as the sole carbon and energy sources. The first step in the degradation of these compounds was catalyzed by an NADH-dependent monooxygenase. The enzyme inserted a hydroxyl group adjacent to the already existing hydroxyl group to form 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl when acting on 2-hydroxybiphenyl and to form 2,2',3 trihydroxybiphenyl when acting on 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl. To be substrates of the monooxygenase, compounds required a 2-hydroxyphenyl-R structure, with R being a hydrophobic group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, sec-butyl, phenyl, or 2 hydroxyphenyl). Several chlorinated hydroxybiphenyls served as pseudosubstrates by effecting consumption of NADH and oxygen without being hydroxylated. Further degradation of 2,3-dihydroxy- and 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl involved meta cleavage, with subsequent formation of benzoate and salicylate, respectively. PMID- 3214156 TI - Leucine auxotrophy specifically alters the pattern of trichothecene production in a T-2 toxin-producing strain of Fusarium sporotrichioides. AB - The biosynthetic pathway for trichothecenes in the filamentous fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299 has been further characterized. Experiments using the techniques of mutational analysis and the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors indicated that leucine is a direct precursor to the isovalerate moiety present in the trichothecene, T-2 toxin. Analysis of trichothecene production in a UV-induced leucine auxotroph also revealed the existence of a branched biosynthetic pathway which results in the coproduction of T-2 toxin and the T-2 toxin analogs neosolaniol, 8-isobutyryl-neosolaniol, and 8-propionyl-neosolaniol. Leucine limitation imposed by the leucine auxotroph simultaneously led to underproduction of T-2 toxin and overproduction of these T-2 toxin analogs, which are produced in small amounts by the wild-type parent. Furthermore, it was shown that the ratio of T-2 toxin to T-2 toxin analogs produced by the leucine auxotroph can be modulated by the concentration of leucine in the medium. These results suggest that the four trichothecenes mentioned above are derived from a common intermediate and that there is competition for this intermediate among the branched pathways leading to these four cometabolites. PMID- 3214155 TI - Use of a three-stage continuous culture system to study the effect of mucin on dissimilatory sulfate reduction and methanogenesis by mixed populations of human gut bacteria. AB - A mixed culture of human fecal bacteria was grown for 120 days in a three-stage continuous culture system. To reproduce some of the nutritional and pH characteristics of the large gut, each vessel had a different operating volume (0.3, 0.5, and 0.8 liter) and pH (6.0, 6.5, and 7.0). A mixture of polysaccharides and proteins was used as carbon and nitrogen sources. Measurements of H2, CH4, S2-, sulfate reduction rates, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and volatile fatty acids were made throughout the experiment. After 48 days of running, porcine gastric mucin (5.8 g/day) was independently fed to vessel 1 of the multichamber system. The mucin was extensively degraded as evidenced by the stimulation of volatile fatty acid production. In the absence of mucin, sulfate-reducing activity was comparatively insignificant and methanogenesis was the major route for the disposal of electrons. The reverse occurred upon the addition of mucin; sulfate reduction predominated and methanogenesis was completely inhibited. This was attributed to release of sulfate from the mucin which enabled SRB to outcompete methanogenic bacteria for H2. SRB stimulated by mucin were acetate-utilizing Desulfobacter spp., lactate- and H2-utilizing Desulfovibrio spp., and propionate-utilizing Desulfobulbus spp. When the mucin pump was switched off, the multichamber system reverted to a state close to its original equilibrium. These data provide further evidence that sulfated polysaccharides such as mucin may be a source of sulfate for SRB in the human large gut. PMID- 3214157 TI - R plasmids in environmental Vibrio cholerae non-O1 strains. AB - The occurrence of drug resistance and its plasmid-mediated transferability was investigated in 140 environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 and 6 strains of Vibrio cholerae, both O1 and non-O1, of clinical origin. Of the 146 strains tested, 93% were resistant to at least one drug and 74% were resistant to two or more antibiotics. The O1 strains were susceptible to all antibiotics used. A total of 26 of 28 selected resistant wild strains carried R plasmids that were transferable by intraspecific and intergeneric matings. The most common transmissible R factor determined resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and sulfanilamide (30%), followed by resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin (13%) and resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, phosphomycin, and sulfanilamide (9%). Comparison of the three methods of plasmid analysis showed that the method of Birnboim and Doly (Nucleic Acids Res. 7:1513-1523, 1979) without EDTA and lysozyme was optimal for isolation of both large and small plasmids in environmental V. cholerae strains. Most strains harbored more than one plasmid, and the molecular sizes ranged from 1.1 to 74.8 megadaltons. The plasmids of high molecular size (around 74 megadaltons) were responsible for the resistance pattern transferred and were maintained with high stability in the hosts. PMID- 3214158 TI - Evaluation of several selective media for recovery of Aeromonas hydrophila from polluted waters. AB - Eleven media were studied for their suitability in the selective isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila. Preliminary results showed that five of them (inositol brilliant green-bile salts agar, bile salts-brilliant green agar, Rimler-Shotts agar, xylose-sodium deoxycholate-citrate agar, and dextrin-fuchsin-sulfite agar) allowed the growth of several microorganisms that are usually present in the same samples in which A. hydrophila is found. Six media (mA agar, modified Rimler Shotts agar, DNase-toluidine blue-ampicillin agar, Pril-xylose-ampicillin agar, MacConkey-trehalose agar, and starch-bile salts agar) were selected for evaluation as recovery selective media on the basis of their efficiency in the isolation of A. hydrophila from natural water samples. mA agar showed the best recovery rate and also an acceptable specificity, but its selectivity was low. Another medium that can be considered is DNase-toluidine blue-ampicillin agar, which showed good accuracy, but its specificity was low. PMID- 3214159 TI - Role of chemical concentration and second carbon sources in acclimation of microbial communities for biodegradation. AB - A study was conducted to determine the role of concentration of the test chemical, of a second organic compound, and of mutation in the acclimation period before the mineralization of organic compounds in sewage. The acclimation period for the mineralization in sewage of 2 micrograms of 4-nitrophenol (PNP) per liter increased from 6 to 12 days in the presence of 10 mg of 2,4-dinitrophenol per liter. The extension of the acclimation period was equivalent to the time required for mineralization of 2,4-dinitrophenol. In contrast, the time for acclimation for the degradation of 2 micrograms of PNP per liter was reduced when 10 or 100 mg of phenol per liter was added. Lower phenol levels increased the acclimation period to 8 days. The length of the acclimation period for PNP mineralization decreased as the initial concentration of PNP increased from 2 micrograms to 100 mg/liter. The acclimation period for phenol mineralization was lengthened as the phenol concentration increased from 100 to 1,400 mg/liter. The length of the acclimation period for PNP and phenol biodegradation was reproducible, but it varied among replicates for the biodegradation of other nitro-substituted compounds added to sewage or lake water, suggesting that a mutation was responsible for acclimation to these other compounds. The acclimation period may thus reflect the time required for the destruction of toxins, and it also may be affected by the concentration of the test compound or the presence of other substrates. PMID- 3214160 TI - Genetic diversity and relationships among isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli. AB - Fifty-one isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli from various geographic and ecological sources, largely in Mexico, were characterized by the electrophoretic mobilities of 15 metabolic enzymes, and 46 distinctive multilocus genotypes (electrophoretic types [ETs]) were distinguished on the basis of allele profiles at the enzyme loci. Mean genetic diversity per enzyme locus among the 46 ETs was 0.691, the highest value yet recorded for any species of bacterium. The occurrence of strong nonrandom associations of alleles over loci suggested a basically clonal population structure, reflecting infrequent recombination of chromosomal genes. Multilocus genotypic diversity was unusually high, with the most strongly differentiated pairs of ETs having distinctive alleles at all 15 loci and major clusters of ETs diverging at genetic distances as large as 0.89. This great diversity in the chromosomal genome raises the possibility that R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli is a polyphyletic assemblage of strains. As other workers have suggested, the inclusion of all strains capable of nodulating beans in a single biovar or species is genetically unrealistic and taxonomically misleading. A biologically meaningful classification of Rhizobium spp. should be based on assessment of variation in the chromosomal genome rather than on phenotypic characters, especially those mediated for the most part or wholly by plasmid-borne genes, such as host relationships. PMID- 3214161 TI - Comparison of rapid NFT and API 20E with conventional methods for identification of gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. AB - The accuracy of the Rapid NFT and the API 20E identification systems was evaluated by comparing them with conventional biochemical methods for the identification of gram-negative, nonfermentative bacilli. The organisms were recovered from preserved, nonsterile pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. A total of 123 test isolates that are commonly encountered in these products were used. By using the criteria of accurate and reliable identification without employing additional tests, Rapid NFT was found to be more accurate after 48 h of incubation than API 20E for characterizing isolates to the species level. Therefore, close agreement between NFT and conventional methods for identification of industrial gram-negative isolates provides evidence that the Rapid NFT system is an improved and rapid method for identifying these organisms to the species level with minimal use of supplementary tests. PMID- 3214162 TI - Nutritional versatility and growth kinetics of an Aeromonas hydrophila strain isolated from drinking water. AB - The nutritional versatility and growth kinetics of Aeromonas hydrophila were studied to determine the nature and the growth-promoting properties of organic compounds which may serve as substrates for the growth of this organism in drinking water during treatment and distribution. As an initial screening, a total of 69 different organic compounds were tested at a concentration of 2.5 g/liter as growth substrates for 10 A. hydrophila strains. Of these strains, strain M800 attained the highest maximum colony counts in various types of drinking water and river water and was therefore used in further measurements of growth at low substrate concentrations. A mixture of 21 amino acids and a mixture of 10 long-chain fatty acids, when added to drinking water, promoted growth of strain M800 at individual compound concentrations as low as 0.1 microgram of C per liter. Mixtures of 18 carbohydrates and 18 carboxylic acids clearly enhanced growth of the organism at individual compound concentrations above 1 microgram of C per liter. Growth measurements with 63 individual substrates at a concentration of 10 micrograms of C per liter gave growth rates of greater than or equal to 0.1/h with two amino acids, nine carbohydrates, and six long-chain fatty acids. Ks values were determined for arginine (less than or equal to 0.3 micrograms of C per liter), glucose (15.9 micrograms of C per liter), acetate (11.1 micrograms of C per liter), and oleate (2.1 micrograms of C per liter). The data obtained indicate that biomass components, such as amino acids and long-chain fatty acids, can promote multiplication of aeromonads in drinking water distribution systems at concentrations as low as a few micrograms per liter. PMID- 3214165 TI - Characterization of type I collagen from the skin of blue grenadier (Macruronus novaezelandiae). AB - The skin collagen of a fish, blue grenadier (Macruronus novaezelandiae), has been purified and characterized. The fish skin was readily soluble in dilute acetic acid, with no pepsin treatment needed. The collagen was purified by salt precipitation. Skin samples from fish of various ages showed that even in the oldest sample, more than 8 years of age, the collagen was still readily acid soluble. The purified collagen had a melting temperature of 22 degrees C; the shrinkage temperature for the skin was 48 degrees C. Its tissue distribution, examined by immunohistology, and its chemical properties indicated a close homology to mammalian type I collagen. However, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that three distinct alpha chains were present. These were purified by ion-exchange chromatography on CM cellulose and by gel permeation chromatography on Superose 6. The three purified alpha-chain fractions were examined by amino acid analysis and by SDS-PAGE of their cyanogen bromide fragments. These data indicated that the additional chain was genetically distinct, and most closely related to the alpha 1-chain, from which it was poorly resolved on SDS-PAGE. PMID- 3214163 TI - Insulin-like growth factors maintain steady-state metabolism of proteoglycans in bovine articular cartilage explants. AB - The influences of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) on biosynthesis and catabolism of proteoglycans (PG) in bovine articular cartilage explants were examined to define their potential use in a chemically defined medium. In both short- (10 days) and long-term (40 days) cultures, 10 to 20 ng/ml IGF-I maintained PG synthesis at the same or higher levels than in a medium containing 20% fetal calf serum (FCS). Catabolic rates were slower in IGF-I medium than in medium with only 0.1% albumin, but somewhat faster than for cultures in medium with 20% FCS. In long-term cultures 20 ng/ml IGF-I maintained a steady-state condition; the amounts of glycosaminoglycan and DNA per hydroxyproline content were constant throughout the culture period. The half-maximal dose response for IGF-I on PG synthesis (4.5 ng/ml) was distinctly different from that for the IGF-I effect on PG catabolism (1.5 ng/ml), indicating that these two components of PG metabolism can be experimentally uncoupled. IGF II was less potent than IGF-I in the same batches of articular cartilage; 100 ng/ml IGF-II increased PG synthesis and decreased PG catabolism relative to 0.1% albumin alone, but the responses were only about 60% of those for 5 ng/ml IGF-I. These results suggest that the chondrocytes regulate PG synthesis primarily via the type I IGF receptor and that the IGF-II response is through the same receptor. Evidence is also provided indicating that the cartilage explants initially contain about 50 ng IGF-I per gram wet weight; this matrix-bound IGF-I diffuses into the medium during culture. The chondrocytes synthesize little or no IGF-I that is released into the medium under the culture conditions used. PMID- 3214164 TI - Isolation from earthworms of a proteinaceous chemoattractant to garter snakes. AB - We have isolated a potent proteinaceous chemoattractant from aqueous washes of earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) for garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) by means of a covalent chromatography. It contained free sulfhydryl groups and showed an apparent mass of 20 kDa. The chemoattractive activity of this protein could be destroyed by heating as well as by proteolysis. Its activity could also be reversibly blocked by mixed disulfide formation with dithiodipyridine, suggesting that the free sulfhydryl(s) was essential for its function as a chemoattractant. This bioactive material had a tendency to form intermolecular crosslinked aggregates during isolation, if reducing agents were not included. Some of the high-molecular-weight aggregates cochromatographed with earthworm cuticle collagen on Ultragel AcA 34 or 44 columns. In contrast to an earlier report by D. M. Kirschenbaum, N. Schulman, and M. Halpern [1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 1213-1216) the purified earthworm collagen showed no chemoattractive activity to garter snakes. PMID- 3214166 TI - Hemipalmitoylcarnitinium, a strong competitive inhibitor of purified hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase. AB - We have synthesized (2S,6R:2R,6S)-6-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxy-2-pentadecyl-4,4 dimethylmorp holinium bromide (hemipalmitoylcarnitinium, HPC) which is a conformationally restricted analog inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT; EC 2.3.1.21). rac-HPC inhibits catalytic activity in purified rat liver CPT. In the forward reaction, HPC competes with both (R)-carnitine (Ki(app) = 5.1 +/- 0.7 microM) and palmitoyl-CoA (Ki(app) = 21.5 +/- 4.9 microM). In the reverse reaction, inhibition by HPC is competitive with palmitoyl-(R)-carnitine (Ki(app) = 1.6 +/- 0.6 microM), but inhibition is uncompetitive with CoA. The forward reaction is also competitively inhibited by its product, palmitoyl-(R)-carnitine, Ki(app)'s 14.2 +/- 2.1 microM relative to (R)-carnitine and 8.7 +/- 2.6 microM relative to palmitoyl-CoA. rac-HPC is the most potent synthetic reversible inhibitor of purified CPT. HPC fails to inhibit carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT; EC 2.3.1.7). Palmitoylcholine also inhibits CPT in the forward reaction, competing with (R)-carnitine (Ki(app) = 18.6 +/- 4.5 microM) and with palmitoyl CoA (Ki(app) = 10.4 +/- 2.5 microM). Choline is not an effective CPT inhibitor. We have shown [R.D. Gandour et al. (1986) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 138, 735 741] that hemiacetylcarnitinium inhibits CAT but not CPT. The combined data demonstrate further differences between the carnitine recognition sites in CPT and CAT. PMID- 3214167 TI - Purification and crystallization of rat liver NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase by cibacron blue affinity chromatography: identification of a new and potent inhibitor. AB - Cytosolic NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.2) is a widely distributed, FAD-containing enzyme that catalyzes the obligatory two-electron reduction of quinones. Cibacron Blue is an inhibitor of this enzyme comparable in potency to dicoumarol. Pure quinone reductase was obtained from the livers of Sudan II (1-[2,4-dimethylphenylazo]-2-naphthol)-treated rats in a single step by Cibacron Blue-agarose chromatography. Cibacron Blue is a competitive inhibitor with respect to NADH (Ki = 170 nM) and is a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to menadione (Ki = 540 nM). Addition of Cibacron Blue to quinone reductase resulted in a decrease and red shift of the enzyme-bound FAD peak at 450 nm. The titration of the absorbance changes for both FAD and Cibacron Blue could be fitted to curves describing an equilibrium binding equation with a KD of 300 nM and one binding site per enzyme subunit. Furthermore, the Cibacron Blue difference spectrum that resulted from binding to quinone reductase was abolished by dicoumarol. Significant amino acid homology between quinone reductase and the nucleotide binding regions of enzymes that bind to Cibacron Blue was found. These data indicate that Cibacron Blue is a useful ligand for the purification of quinone reductase and a new probe for its NAD(P)H binding site. Conditions for crystallizing rat liver quinone reductase are also described. PMID- 3214168 TI - Role of sulfhydryl groups in benzoquinone-induced Ca2+ release by rat liver mitochondria. AB - Incubation of rat liver mitochondria with benzoquinone derivatives in the presence of succinate plus rotenone has been shown to cause NAD(P)H oxidation followed by Ca2+ release. Further investigation revealed: (1)p-Benzoquinone induced Ca2+ release was not initiated by a collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. However, Ca2+ release and subsequent Ca2+ cycling caused limited increased membrane permeability. (2) p-Benzoquinone-induced NAD(P)H oxidation and Ca2+ release were prevented by isocitrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and glutamate but not by pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate. (3) Inhibition of pyruvate and 2 oxoglutarate dehydrogenases by p-benzoquinone was attributed to arylation of the SH groups of the cofactors, CoA and lipoic acid. Isocitrate dehydrogenase was also inhibited by p-benzoquinone, but the cofactors NAD(P)H and Mn2+ protected the enzyme. Glutamate dehydrogenase was not inhibited by p-benzoquinone. (4) Arylation of mitochondrial protein thiols by p-benzoquinone was associated with an inhibition of state 3 respiration, which was attributed to the inactivation of the phosphate translocase. In contrast, state 4 respiration, and the F1.F0-ATPase and ATP/ADP translocase activities were not inhibited. It was concluded that inhibition of mitochondrial NAD(P)H dehydrogenases by arylation of critical thiol groups will decrease the NAD(P)+-reducing capacity, and possibly lower the NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ redox status in favor of Ca2+ release. PMID- 3214169 TI - Tissue and chain length specificity of the fatty acyl-CoA elongation system in the American cockroach. AB - The elongation of fatty acyl-CoAs, reactions involved in hydrocarbon biosynthesis, was examined in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Products were analyzed by radio-HPLC and radio-GLC. The majority of the elongation activity was observed in microsomes prepared from abdominal epidermal tissue. Linoleoyl-CoA (18:2-CoA) was elongated most efficiently followed by stearoyl-CoA (18:0-CoA), linolenoyl-CoA (18:3-CoA; n-3) and oleoyl-CoA (18:1-CoA). The products of 18:2 CoA elongation included all even numbered acyl groups up to 28 carbons, and the products of 18:0-CoA included all even numbered acyl groups to 26 carbons. The 18:3-CoA was elongated only to 20 and 22 carbons. Radioactivity from both 18:2 CoA (5.4%) and 18:0-CoA (1.2%) was recovered in the hydrocarbon fraction. Analysis of this hydrocarbon fraction showed that the radio-activity from 18:2 CoA was present in (Z,Z)-6,9-heptacosadiene and that the radioactivity from 18:0 CoA was present in n-pentacosane. These data demonstrate for the first time in an in vitro insect system that the fatty acid elongation reactions are coupled with the conversion of the elongated product to hydrocarbon. Thus, each of the expected intermediates in the conversion of 18:0 and 18:2 to 25 and 27 carbon hydrocarbons, respectively, was observed, and the results demonstrate high tissue, substrate, and product specificity. PMID- 3214170 TI - Hepatic mitochondrial coumarin 7-hydroxylase: comparison with the microsomal enzyme. AB - The specific activity of cytochrome P450-linked coumarin 7-hydroxylase (COH) of hepatic mitoplasts from DBA/2N mice is up to 55% as great as the microsomal activity. According to Western blot and immunodiffusion analysis and inhibition studies with anti-P450Coh and metyrapone, the mitoplastic P450Coh had the same molecular weight and immunochemical and catalytic properties as the corresponding microsomal enzyme. The inducibility of the two proteins by pyrazole and their genetic regulation, as studied with DBA/2N and AKR/J mice, appears to be similar. However, the mitochondrial electron transfer system was not able to support the COH activity of reconstituted microsomal P450Coh although the enzyme was fully active with the microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. This indicates some differences between the two proteins with respect to their interaction with the electron transfer system. This was confirmed by the ability of anti-adrenodoxin reductase antibody to effectively inhibit the mitoplastic COH but not the COH reconstituted with purified microsomal P450Coh and NADPH-P450 reductase. We have previously found that P450Coh does not react with anti-P450b or anti-P450c antibodies, which recognize respective isoforms in rat liver mitoplasts. While P450Coh from microsomes and mitoplasts possess a number of properties in common, the mitoplast P450Coh represents a new subspecies of mitochondrial P450. Some characteristics of mitoplast P450Coh may be the result of post-translational modifications necessary for processing and translocation into the mitochondria. PMID- 3214172 TI - Multicatalytic proteinase in fish muscle. AB - Proteinase II, a high-molecular-mass proteinase previously identified in white croaker skeletal muscle, was purified to apparent homogeneity by DEAE-Sephacel, phenyl-Sepharose CL 4B, and Sephacryl S-300 chromatographies. Under denaturing conditions, the enzyme dissociated into a cluster of subunits with Mr ranging from 18,000 to 26,000 and a large subunit with a Mr 60,000. The proteinase was able to hydrolyze N-terminal-blocked 4-methyl-7-coumarylamide substrates having either an aromatic amino acid (chymotrypsin-like activity) or an arginine residue (trypsin-like activity) adjacent to the fluorogenic group. The trypsin-like activity of the enzyme was inhibited by fatty acids and sodium dodecyl sulfate, whereas the chymotrypsin-like activity was stimulated by those compounds but inhibited by nonionic and cationic detergents. Several thiol reagents inhibited both proteinase II activities. However, leupeptin and Cu2+ strongly inhibited its trypsin-like activity but only slightly affected its chymotrypsin-like activity. Dithiothreitol stimulated both activities, but at different extents and in different concentration ranges. These results suggest that the enzyme is multicatalytic, having at least two different active sites. PMID- 3214171 TI - Pyrazole is different from acetone and ethanol as an inducer of the polysubstrate monooxygenase system in mice: evidence that pyrazole-inducible P450Coh is distinct from acetone-inducible P450ac. AB - The induction of liver microsomal monooxygenase activities elicited by pyrazole, ethanol, and acetone, all shown to be inducers of rat P450j and rabbit P450LM3a, has been compared in inbred strains of DBA/2N, AKR/J, and Balb/c mouse. Pyrazole strongly increases coumarin 7-hydroxylase (COH) activity in DBA/2N but much less in other strains. The effect of pyrazole on aniline p-hydroxylase and ethanol oxidase activities is also strain dependent: an increase was seen only in the DBA/2N strain. Ethanol and acetone were unable to induce COH, whereas aniline p hydroxylase and ethanol oxidase were elevated about 1.4- to 3.3-fold in all strains. No strain difference could be detected in aniline p-hydroxylase or ethanol oxidase inducibility. There was a strong correlation between aniline p hydroxylase and ethanol oxidase activities in every strain, whereas no positive correlation could be found between COH and aniline p-hydroxylase activities. Immunoinhibition experiments showed that a polyclonal antibody against purified pyrazole-inducible COH (P450Coh) blocked about 90% of COH activity, but only about 10% of aniline p-hydroxylase or ethanol oxidase in mouse liver microsomes. Monoclonal antibody 1-91-3 (raised against rat acetone-inducible P450ac) did not inhibit COH, whereas aniline p-hydroxylase was blocked 46-76% and ethanol oxidase 25-70%, depending on the source of microsomes. In immunoblots, anti-P450Coh recognized only its own antigen but not the P450ac, whereas monoclonal antibody 1 98-1 against P450ac detected P450ac and a corresponding form in the D2 mouse liver, but not the P450Coh. The purified P450ac and P450Coh had molecular masses of 52 and 50 kDa, respectively, on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These antigens were expressed differentially in response to pyrazole, ethanol, and acetone: P450Coh was increased only after pyrazole treatment, but 1-98-1-detectable protein was elevated in D2 mouse liver microsomes by ethanol and acetone, but not by pyrazole. We conclude that mouse P450Coh and rat P450ac are not corresponding forms of the same isozyme, and that a P450ac-like protein, responsible for most of aniline p-hydroxylation and ethanol oxidation, is present in the D2 mouse liver. These two P450 isozymes are also dissimilarly expressed in the mouse liver in response to inducer administration. PMID- 3214173 TI - The interaction of oxymyoglobin with hydrogen peroxide: a kinetic anomaly at large excesses of hydrogen peroxide. AB - The reaction of oxymyoglobin (MbO2) with H2O2 has been examined at pH 7.2 and 20(+/- 2) degrees C for reactant ratios of [H2O2]:[MbO2] greater than approximately 15:1. Under the conditions of large excesses of H2O2, the reaction is characterized by an increase in the rate of loss of MbO2 as [H2O2] is increased, for which a value of k(MbO2 + H2O2) approximately 3 M-1 s-1 is obtained. This kinetic behavior contrasts the saturation kinetics observed previously at lower values of [H2O2]. The change in kinetics at increasing excesses of H2O2 is accompanied by a progressive tendency toward the direct formation of ferrimyoglobin at the expense of ferrylmyoglobin formation. A mechanism is proposed in which an initially formed intermediate produces the ferryl derivative in competition with the formation of ferrimyoglobin through the interaction of further H2O2. Overall, the H2O2 is catalytically decomposed by the MbO2. This mechanism is integrated with that determined previously at low excesses of H2O2 into a complex general scheme that applies over the entire studied range of [H2O2]:[MbO2]. No evidence is obtained for the conversion of ferrylmyoglobin to oxymyoglobin by the large excesses of H2O2, regardless of whether the ferryl derivative is the product of the reaction of H2O2 with the oxy or ferri derivative of myoglobin. PMID- 3214174 TI - Peroxidation-dependent and peroxidation-independent mechanisms by which acetaminophen kills cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Acetaminophen killed cultured hepatocytes prepared from male rats induced with 3 methylcholanthrene by two distinct mechanisms. With 0.5 to 5 mM acetaminophen, cell killing within 4 h depended on the inhibition of glutathione reductase by 1,3-bis(chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and was accompanied by the peroxidation of cellular lipids as assessed by the accumulation of malondialdehyde. The antioxidant diphenylphenylenediamine (DPPD) prevented both the peroxidation of lipids and the death of the cells. By contrast, DPPD had no effect on the metabolism of acetaminophen as assessed by the extent of the covalent binding of [3H]acetaminophen; by the rate and extent of the depletion of glutathione; and by the accumulation of acetaminophen metabolites in the culture medium. It is concluded that the peroxidation of the phospholipids of cellular membranes is the mechanism whereby 0.5 to 5 mM acetaminophen lethally injures cultured hepatocytes. With 10-20 mM acetaminophen, cell killing at 4 h still depended on BCNU. However, the amount of malondialdehyde in the cultures progressively decreased in parallel with the decreasing ability of DPPD to protect the cells. With 20 mM acetaminophen, there was no evidence of lipid peroxidation, and DPPD had no protective effect. Thus, a second mechanism of lethal cell injury with 10 20 mM acetaminophen is independent of lipid peroxidation and insensitive to antioxidants. PMID- 3214175 TI - Potentiation in the intact rat of the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen by 1,3 bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. AB - Studies of the killing of cultured hepatocytes by acetaminophen indicate that the cells are injured by an oxidative stress that accompanies the metabolism of the toxin (J. L. Farber et al. (1988) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 267, 640-650). The present report documents that the essential features of the killing of cultured hepatocytes by acetaminophen are reproduced in the intact animal. Male rats had no evidence of liver necrosis 24 h after administration of up to 1000 mg/kg of acetaminophen. Induction of mixed function oxidase activity by 3 methylcholanthrene increased the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen. Inhibition of glutathione reductase by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) potentiated the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in male rats induced with 3 methylcholanthrene. Whereas the pretreatment with BCNU reduced the GSH content by 40%, a comparable depletion of GSH by diethylmaleate did not potentiate the toxicity of acetaminophen. The antioxidant diphenylphenylenediamine (25 mg/kg) and the ferric iron chelator deferoxamine (1000 mg/kg) prevented the liver necrosis produced by 500 mg/kg acetaminophen in rats pretreated with BCNU. Neither protective agent prevented the fall in GSH produced by acetaminophen. It is concluded the conditions of the irreversible injury of cultured hepatocytes by acetaminophen previously reported are not necessarily different from those that obtain in the intact rat with this toxin. PMID- 3214177 TI - Purification and properties of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (pyrocatechase) from Pseudomonas putida mt-2 in comparison with that from Pseudomonas arvilla C-1. AB - Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (pyrocatechase) has been purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas putida mt-2. Most properties of this enzyme, such as the absorption spectrum, iron content, pH stability, pH optimum, substrate specificity, Km values, and amino acid composition, were similar to those of catechol 1,2 dioxygenase obtained from Pseudomonas arvilla C-1 [Y. Kojima et al. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 3270-3278]. These two catechol 1,2-dioxygenases were also found, from the results of Ouchterlony double diffusion, to share several antigenic determinants. The molecular weight of the putida enzyme was estimated to be 66,000 and 64,000 by sedimentation equilibrium analysis and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, respectively. The enzyme gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, corresponding to Mr 32,000. The NH2-terminal sequence, which started with threonine, was determined up to 30 residues by Edman degradation. During the degradation, a single amino acid was released at each step. The NH2-terminal sequence up to 20 residues was identical to that of the beta subunit of the arvilla enzyme, with one exception at step 16, at which arginine was observed instead of glutamine. The COOH-terminal residue was deduced to be arginine on carboxypeptidase A and B digestions and on hydrazinolysis. These results indicate that the putida enzyme consists of two identical subunits, in contrast to the arvilla enzyme which consists of two nonidentical subunits, alpha and beta [C. Nakai et al. (1979) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 195, 12-22], although these two enzymes have very similar properties. PMID- 3214176 TI - Isolation and characterization of a basic carboxypeptidase from human seminal plasma. AB - A carboxypeptidase which cleaves the C-terminal arginine or lysine from peptides was purified by a two-step procedure; gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 and affinity chromatography on arginine-Sepharose. The activity increased 280% after the first step, indicating the removal of an inhibitor from the crude starting material. The activity in the crude seminal plasma eluted from the Sephacryl S 300 column with an apparent Mr 98,000 and after purification with an Mr 67,000, indicating that it binds to another protein in the crude seminal plasma. When analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, a single band at Mr 53,000 was seen which was converted to two smaller bands (Mr 32,000 and/or 26,000) after reduction. The seminal plasma carboxypeptidase has a neutral pH optimum, is inhibited by o-phenanthroline and by the inhibitor of carboxypeptidase B-type enzymes, 2-mercaptomethyl-3 guanidinoethylthiopropanoic acid, and can be activated by cobalt. The purified enzyme has a high specific activity (67.8 mumol/min/mg) with the ester substrate benzoyl (Bz)-Gly-argininic acid and readily cleaves Bz-Ala-Lys, Bz-Gly-Arg, and Bz-Gly-Lys. It also hydrolyzes biologically active peptides such as bradykinin (Km = 6 microM, kcat = 43 min-1), Arg6-Met5-enkephalin (Km = 103 microM, kcat = 438 min-1), and Lys6-Met5-enkephalin (Km = 848 microM, kcat = 449 min-1). The seminal plasma carboxypeptidase did not cross-react with antiserum to human plasma carboxypeptidase N; other properties distinguish it from the blood plasma enzyme as well as from pancreatic carboxypeptidase B and granular, acid carboxypeptidase H (enkephalin convertase). The carboxypeptidase could be involved in the control of fertility by activating or inactivating peptide hormones in the seminal plasma. In addition it could contribute to the degradation of basic proteins during semen liquefaction. PMID- 3214178 TI - Sodium-calcium exchange in membrane vesicles from Artemia. AB - Membrane vesicles were prepared from Artemia nauplii (San Francisco Bay variety) 45 h after hydration of the dry cysts. Na+-loaded vesicles accumulated up to 10 nmol Ca2+/mg protein when diluted 50-fold into 160 mM KCl containing 15 microM CaCl2. Practically no accumulation of Ca2+ was observed if the vesicles were diluted into 160 mM NaCl instead of KCl, or if they were treated with monensin, a Na+ ionophore, for 30 s prior to addition of CaCl2 to the KCl medium. These observations indicate that the Artemia vesicles exhibit Na-Ca exchange activity. The velocity of Ca2+ accumulation by the vesicles in KCl was stimulated 2.6-fold by the K+ ionophore valinomycin, suggesting that the exchange system is electrogenic, with a stoichiometry greater than 2Na+ per Ca2+. Km,Ca and Vmax values were 15 microM and 7.5 nmol/mg protein.s, respectively. Exchange activity in the Artemia vesicles was inhibited by benzamil (IC50 approximately equal to 100 microM) and by quinacrine (IC50 approximately equal to 250 microM), agents that also inhibit exchange activity in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. Unlike cardiac vesicles, however, exchange activity in Artemia was not stimulated by limited proteolysis, redox reagents, or intravesicular Ca2+. This indicates that the two exchange systems are regulated by different mechanisms. Vesicles were prepared from Artemia at various times after hydration of the dry cysts and examined for exchange activity. Activity was first observed at approximately 10 h after hydration and increased to a maximal value by 30-40 h; hatching of the free swimming nauplii occurred at 18-24 h. The results suggest that hatching Artemia nauplii might be a particularly rich source of mRNA coding for the Na+-Ca2+ exchange carrier. PMID- 3214179 TI - Different splice site utilization generates diversity between the rat and human pancreatic polypeptide precursors. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide is derived from a polyprotein precursor molecule. Although the amino acid sequences specifying the signal peptide and pancreatic polypeptide are well conserved between the rat and the human, the carboxy-terminal amino acid sequences of the precursors are highly divergent. To better understand the molecular basis of the divergence between the rat and human C-terminal peptides, we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the rat pancreatic polypeptide gene. A comparison between the primary structures of the rat and human genes reveals that the heterogeneity of the C-terminal peptides can be explained in large part by a frameshift mutation and the utilization of an alternative splice donor site in the third exon of the rat gene. As a consequence of the displaced splice site, part of the third exon of the rate gene is homologous to the sequence in the third intron of the human gene. Our results suggest that the rat and human pancreatic polypeptide genes arose from a common ancestral gene, and that differences in the C-terminal domains of the precursor reflect less strict evolutionary constraints than those imposed upon the amino-terminal domains of the precursor. PMID- 3214180 TI - Purification and characterization of thymidylate synthetase in the liver of the mouse bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor. AB - The activity of thymidylate synthetase in the liver of the ddY strain male mouse increased transitorily according to the increase in tumor cell number at maximum 7-9 days after ip transplantation of Ehrlich ascites tumor. The enzyme was able to be purified from the tumor host mouse liver or from the normal mouse liver in the same manner as from tumor cells using Affi-Gel blue and methotrexate Sepharose 4B affinity column chromatography. The three enzyme preparations obtained were purified at 27,000-38,000-, and 8,000-fold, and yielded total activities of 11, 3, and 16% of these homogenates, respectively. These preparations were similar in molecular weight to the whole enzyme (67,000) and its subunit (34,000), optimum pH, and Km values either for deoxyuridine 5' monophosphate or tetrahydrofolate in the presence of formaldehyde. Furthermore, the amount of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate forming the ternary complex with the enzyme and tetrahydrofolate paralleled the enzyme activities in the cytosol fractions of the three tissues. The characteristics of the tumor host liver enzyme were similar to those of the proliferating tissues, the Ehrlich ascites tumor. PMID- 3214181 TI - Rat brain hexokinase: the hydrophobic N-terminus of the mitochondrially bound enzyme is inserted in the lipid bilayer. AB - Mitochondrially bound rat brain hexokinase was labeled with the photoactivatable reagent, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine. This highly hydrophobic reagent is strongly partitioned into the hydrophobic environment of the membrane core, and thus selectively labels segments of a protein that penetrate this region of the membrane. Labeling of hexokinase was shown to be restricted to the N-terminal region of the molecule. Approximately 80% of the radiolabel was removed by treatment of the enzyme with chymotrypsin, which preferentially cleaves a hydrophobic 9-residue sequence at the extreme N-terminus of the enzyme, and it is considered likely that the remaining 20% was associated with two additional hydrophobic residues, immediately adjacent to this segment but not susceptible to cleavage by chymotrypsin. Labeling of the enzyme was shown to be dependent on maintenance of the association with the membrane. These results are consistent with a model in which binding of hexokinase involves insertion of an 11-residue hydrophobic N-terminal "tail," possibly existing in alpha-helical secondary structure, into the hydrophobic core of the membrane. PMID- 3214182 TI - Oxygen-17 and deuterium nuclear magnetic relaxation studies of lysozyme hydration in solution: field dispersion, concentration, pH/pD, and protein activity dependences. AB - A comparison of 17O and 2H NMR relaxation rates of water in lysozyme solutions as a function of concentration, pH/pD, and magnetic field suggests that only 17O monitors directly the hydration of lysozyme in solution. NMR measurements are for the first time extended to 11.75 T. Lysozyme hydration data are analyzed in terms of an anisotropic, dual-motion model with fast exchange of water between the "bound" and "free" states. The analysis yields 180 mol "bound" water/mol lysozyme and two correlation times of 7.4 ns ("slow") and 29 ps ("fast") for the bound water population at 27 degrees C and pH 5.1, in the absence of salt, assuming anisotropic motions of water with an order parameter value for bound water of 0.12. Under these conditions, the value of the slow correlation time of bound water (7.4 ns) is consistent with the value of 8 ns obtained by frequency-domain fluorescence techniques for the correlation time associated with the lysozyme tumbling motion in solutions without salt. In the presence of 0.1 M NaCl the hydration number increases to 290 mol/mol lysozyme at pD 4.5 and 21 degrees C. The associated correlation times at 21 degrees C in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl are 4.7 ns and 15.5 ps, respectively. The value of the slow correlation time of 4.7 ns is consistent with the calculated value (4.9 ns) for the lysozyme monomer tumbling in solution. The systematic deviations of the relaxation rates, estimated with the single-exponential approximation, from the theoretical, multiexponential nuclear (I' + 1/2) spin relaxation are evaluated at various frequencies for 17O (I = 5/2) with the first-order, linear approximation (25). All NMR relaxation data for hydrated lysozymes are affected by protein activity and are sensitive both to the ionization of protein side chains and to the state of protein aggregation. PMID- 3214183 TI - Occurrence in humans and guinea pigs of the gene related to their missing enzyme L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase. AB - Humans, other primates, and guinea pigs are missing an enzyme L-gulono-gamma lactone oxidase which catalyzes the last step of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis. We have recently isolated a cDNA encoding this enzyme of the rat (T. Koshizaka, M. Nishikimi, T. Ozawa, and K. Yagi (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 1619-1621). Northern blot hybridization using this cDNA as a probe demonstrated that guinea pigs lack mRNA for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase. Nevertheless, existence of a DNA sequence related to this enzyme in the genome of this animal was shown by Southern blot hybridization. The human genome was also found to contain a sequence that is hybridizable with the cDNA probe; however, the degree of hybridization was less than those of hybridization with the L-gulono-gamma lactone oxidase genes of animals possessing the enzyme, suggesting that the human L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase gene has diverged more rapidly than the genes of L ascorbic acid-synthesizing species. This hypothesis was confirmed by comparison of a partial nucleotide sequence of the human gene with that of the rat one. The L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase-related sequences in the guinea pig and human genomes may represent the remnants of the gene of the enzyme that were once active but became nonfunctional during the course of evolution. PMID- 3214184 TI - The effect of selenium in water and food on Daphnia populations. PMID- 3214185 TI - Toxicity of organic and inorganic selenium to mallard ducklings. PMID- 3214186 TI - Cytogenetic effects of methylmercury in embryos of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. PMID- 3214187 TI - Toxicity and metal speciation relationships for Daphnia magna exposed to brass powder. PMID- 3214188 TI - Tributyltin is a teratogen in producing deformities in limbs of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. PMID- 3214189 TI - Effects of diet and cold exposure on captive female mourning doves dosed with lead shot. PMID- 3214190 TI - Effect of heavy metals on bay scallops, surf clams, and blue mussels in acute and long-term exposures. PMID- 3214191 TI - Organochlorine chemical and heavy metal contaminants in white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) and pilot whales (Globicephala melaena) from the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. PMID- 3214192 TI - Disposition and excretion of Irgasan DP300 and its chlorinated derivatives in mice. PMID- 3214194 TI - Rapid characterization of mutagenic aromatic amines in energy-related materials by short column liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 3214193 TI - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced lipid peroxidation in genetically responsive and non-responsive mice. PMID- 3214196 TI - [Proceedings of the Swiss Society of Gynecology. Annual meeting. Fribourg, 16-18 June 1988]. PMID- 3214197 TI - Response to letter on "The Lesson". PMID- 3214198 TI - Clinical ladders: rewarding clinical excellence. PMID- 3214195 TI - Vitamin A effects on fetal mouse cephalic acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase. PMID- 3214199 TI - Managing technicians: reexamining roles. PMID- 3214200 TI - General concepts of incremental and zero-based budgeting. PMID- 3214201 TI - Balancing financial principles and cost-containment for nurse managers. PMID- 3214202 TI - Mandatory drug testing: is it in nursing's future? PMID- 3214203 TI - Progressive renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 3214204 TI - Making the transition from staff nurse to nurse manager. PMID- 3214205 TI - [Structure of eremosamine--an amino sugar from the antibiotic eremomycin]. AB - A new amino sugar named eremosamine was isolated from hydrolysate of eremomycin, an antibiotic belonging to the group of polycyclic glycopeptides. Crystalline derivatives of the amino sugar i. e. methyleremosaminide and methyl-N,O acetyleremosaminide (alpha- and beta-anomers) were prepared. The data on PMR study and optic properties of the compounds showed that eremosamine had the structure of 2,3,6-tridesoxy-3-amino-3-C-methyl-L-arabinohexose. PMID- 3214206 TI - [New derivatives of carminomycin and rubomycin]. AB - For preparing new semisynthetic analogs of anthracycline antibiotics, hydrolysis of 13-dimethylketals of 14-bromrubomycin and 14-brom-arminomycin in solution of diluted hydrochloric acid was studied. It was shown that such hydrolysis yielded 14-chlorrubomycin and 14-chlorcarminomycin. Conditions for separating the mixture of 14-chlor- and 14-bromrubomycins and the mixture of 14-chlor- and 14 bromcarminomycins by HPLC were developed. Interaction of 14-chlorine derivatives of rubomycin and carminomycin with potassium formate in the presence of the crown ether yielded 14-formyloxy derivatives of rubomycin and carminomycin. Interaction of rubomycin and carminomycin with formic acid in the presence of N oxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide resulted in formation of N-formyl derivatives of rubomycin and carminomycin. PMID- 3214207 TI - [Biokinetics of magnetic carriers for directed transport of drugs]. AB - Localization of intravenously injected magnetic drug carriers in the affected areas of the host is complicated by the carrier capture in the liver and other nonaffected organs and tissues. In vivo kinetics of radiolabeled magnetically targeted drug carriers was studied and one-exponent kinetics was shown. A mathematical model of the carrier capture in animal tissues based on the capture mechanism and mass transfer processes in circulating blood was proposed. Biodistribution and capture intensity of carbohydrate-and albumin-coated magnetic microparticles of different sizes were compared. A one-animal biokinetic test based on the model proposed proved to be effective in detecting insignificant differences in the magnetic carrier biokinetics usually hidden by individual differences of the animals. PMID- 3214208 TI - [Prediction of the biological effect of magnetically regulated drugs]. AB - Kinetic aspects of magnetically targeted drug transport are discussed. The influence of the magnetic drug carrier properties, the transported drug and the target organ parameters on the biological effect of the drug was investigated. A mathematical model reflecting mass transfer processes in the circulatory system was used for estimating the influence of these factors on the therapeutic effect of the drug delivered to the target. The nature of the effect of the drug release parameters, inactivation rate of the released drug in the blood and intensity of the carrier capture out of the target organ on the drug therapeutic action was revealed. Mathematical modeling of magnetically targeted drug kinetics was shown to provide prognostication of the drug effect and increasing of the experiment informative capacity. PMID- 3214209 TI - [Increase in the sensitivity of Shigella to antibiotics]. AB - Passages of 10 Shigella strains for 10 times in meat-peptone broth supplemented with sodium nucleinate provided an increase in sensitivity of the cultures to levomycetin for a period of 264 hours. In three strains of S. sonnei, S. flexneri and S. newcastle the authors observed an increase in sensitivity to tetracycline, benzylpenicillin and streptomycin. Some nitrous bases included in sodium nucleinate were also able to increase antibiotic sensitivity in Shigella. PMID- 3214210 TI - [Mechanisms of resistance of Salmonella derby cells to streptomycin]. AB - Mechanisms of high streptomycin resistance (8000 micrograms/ml) in S. derby cells carrying R plasmids were studied. The cells were isolated from clinical materials. The findings showed that the streptomycin resistance determinant in the S. derby cells was localized on the plasmid. In cell-free extracts of the strains, there was detected no inactivation of aminoglycosides by phosphorylation, adenylation and acetylation of the antibiotic molecules. The plasmid elimination from the cells of S. derby K89 by ethidium bromide resulted in loosing of streptomycin resistance by the cells. This indirectly excluded the mechanism associated with modification of the ribosomes. Streptomycin resistance in the strains studied must be due to decreased permeability of the S. derby K89 cell envelopes for streptomycin. PMID- 3214211 TI - [Multifactor immunopharmacological analysis. Effect of rifampicin and low molecular immunomodulator of microbial origin on the primary immune response to fraction 1 of vaccine EV]. AB - Multifactor analysis was applied to combined effect of a low molecular immunomodulator of microbial origin and rifampicin on the primary immune response (increased delayed type hypersensitivity and antibody titer) to the antigens of vaccine EV fraction I. Computer processing of the experimental data provided construction of the 2nd order polynomial models satisfactorily describing cellular and humoral responses in the combined therapy. For increasing the informative capacity of the analysis of the polynomial statistic models it was proposed to develop quasimonofactor relationships reflecting the factor effect on the output with changing of the other factors within the studied ranges. Nomograms (equal level lines at fixed values of one factor) were constructed which provided rapid and correct estimation of optimal values for the regulating parameters (drug doses and administration time). Immunostimulating activity of the microbial immunomodulator was estimated quantitatively and conditions for selective regulation of the cellular and humoral responses were determined. PMID- 3214212 TI - [Study of the combined action of an antibiotic and an immunostimulator using mathematical modeling]. AB - A mathematical model of antibiotic and immunostimulator (IMS) combined effect on various elements of the immune system and general state of patients with infectious diseases is described. The model was constructed as a system including 6 usual differential equations of the 1st order. With the use of this model and a computer many diverse variants of infection development under conditions of treatment with IMS at the background of antibiotic therapy were modeled. Ii was shown that IMS-antibiotic complexes markedly improved the indices of antibiotic therapy as compared to the use of the antibiotics alone. In combined use of IMS and antibiotics it was possible to lower the antibiotic doses without lowering the antimicrobial effect. The use of IMS at the optimal period led to balanced activation of the host specific and nonspecific resistance factors at the background of antibacterial therapy. The results of the mathematical modeling corresponded to the data on protective effect of salmozan (IMS) and doxycycline (antibiotic) combination in animals (albino mice). It was concluded that the described mathematical model was adequate for validation and optimization of schemes for combined use of IMS and antibacterial agents. PMID- 3214213 TI - [Mechanism of hypotension induced by rifampicin during intravenous administration]. AB - In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the mechanism of hypotension induced by rifampicin was not associated with its effect on peripheral m- and n cholinoreactive and adrenoreactive systems. It was due to the direct action of the drug on the vessel muscular wall and its mediated effect on the histaminergic systems participating in vascular tension control. PMID- 3214214 TI - [Effect of lincomycin and staphylococcal vaccine on the course of experimental staphylococcal sepsis]. AB - Therapeutic efficacy of lincomycin used alone and in combination with inactivated staphylococcal vaccine and the effect of these agents on synthesis of antibodies and their content in blood serum were investigated. Lincomycin was shown to inhibit septic processes in the host. After its administration the number of the pathogens in the blood and organs markedly decreased. At the same time, lincomycin lowered antibody synthesis in the lymphoid organs and the content of alpha-antitoxins in blood serum. The use of lincomycin in combination with inactivated staphylococcal vaccine promoted an increase in the number of the antibody forming cells in the spleen and lymph nodes and the content of the antibodies to the staphylococcal alpha-toxin in blood serum of the animals with staphylococcal sepsis. PMID- 3214215 TI - [Development of a data bank for control of antibiotic resistant causative agents of purulent-inflammatory diseases and complications]. AB - To provide constant control of drug resistance in causative agents of surgical infections an automatized data bank based on computer SM-4 was filed at the All Union Research Institute of Antibiotics. The bank includes information on 1500 objects described by 60 indices referring to the isolated pathogens. For every particular strain there are indicated data on the patients, characteristics of the pathogen biochemical profiles and sensitivity to various antibiotics (28 drugs). The data were obtained during identification of the cultures with automatized microbiological systems. The major functions of the data bank and standard information requests performed on its basis during solving particular epidemiological and clinical problems are described. PMID- 3214216 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and rifampicin in an experiment and in clinical practice]. AB - Efficacy of drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis mostly depends on their concentration in organs and tissues. To show distribution profiles of antituberculous drugs in patients in organs and tissues of experimental animals after their administration alone or in combination, pharmacokinetic parameters of isoniazid and rifampicin were studied. The drug concentrations, half-lives and distribution volumes were determined in 50 patients and 60 experimental animals. It was observed that after combined use of isoniazid and rifampicin their concentrations in the lung tissue and liver of the experimental animals increased which led to increasing their half-lives in patients. PMID- 3214217 TI - [Autoimmunity in thyroid disease secondary to amiodarone: heredofamilial aspects]. AB - Spontaneous autoimmune thyroid disease (SATD) shows familial aggregation. Some patients receiving amiodarone treatment have been found to develop thyroid dysfunction. Previously, we reported genetic predisposition among this group of patients, now we inform a prospective study which includes the search for autoantibodies and family history to identify risk factors in amiodarone treated patients, 40 of them with amiodarone related thyroid disfunction, and 100 without it; for comparison, 30 patients with SATD and a control group of healthy subjects were also studied. We looked for the presence of autoantibodies against thyroglobulin, smooth muscle, gastric mucosa, myocardium, mitochondria, epithelial intercellular substance, and basal membrane as well as antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factors; in addition the history of thyroid disease in first degree relatives was investigated. Organ-specific antibodies anti thyroglobulin, gastric mucosa and myocardium were found with increased frequency in the three groups of patients compared with controls (p less than 0.05). The frequency of antihydroglobulin antibodies was similar in patients receiving amiodarone with or without thyroid dysfunction. Prognostic stratification revealed that this finding is independent of sex, age, dosage or duration of treatment. A family history of thyroid dysfunction was found more frequently among patients with SATD and amiodarone related dysthyroidism in comparison with patients receiving amiodarone without altered thyroid function (p less than 0.005). The appearance of clinical thyroid disease depends on individual genetical predisposition. In patients with a positive family history, the risk of developing clinical, thyroid disease is 7.6 when treated with amiodarone. PMID- 3214218 TI - [Aortic coarctation and pregnancy]. AB - The association of coarctation of the aorta and pregnancy has been cause of concern among the various medical specialties involved in the care of patients with these conditions, as this cardiovascular abnormality is included in the list of disease potentially critical during pregnancy. The individually reported experience with this association has not been large, on account of the male predominance of this relatively rare congenital entity. The experience in the Internal Medicine Service of the "Concepcion Palacios" Maternity Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela, between 1968 and 1985 is presented. Nine cases represented 2.9% of the congenital cardiovascular diseases, 0.84% of all cardiovascular diagnoses and 1.06 per 100.000 of all patients obstetrically attended during that period. In our experience, pregnancy is feasible in patients with coarctation, tolerance to gestation is generally good and fertility is not adversely affected, as well as prematurity and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The unique clinical situation of each patient, is to be nevertheless individually analyzed, especially in search for any other associated circulatory pathologic condition (s) which might render the patient more vulnerable than the average in the general group. The obstetric must prevail over the cardiologic criteria in the majority of cases, as to the mode of termination of pregnancy. PMID- 3214219 TI - [The Wenckebach phenomenon in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. AB - To show the incidence of second degree Auriculoventricular block (AVB) with Wenckebach phenomenon (WF) 1336 patients with acute myocardial Infarction (AMI) were studied. We found 67 cases with WF 5.0% from the total group of AMI and the 33.83% form the group with any type of AVB. Fifty three were male and 14 female (4:1). 77.5% arrived to ICU for their first AMI and 22.38% for their second AMI. 43.26% were posteroinferior with extension to right ventricule; 36.0% pare posteroinferior, 10.4% anterolateral; 9.0% posterolaterals and 1.4% lateral. The onset time of WF in relation to the AMI set was 64.2% in the first 24 hours; and 17.9% for the 24-48 hour group as well as for those over 48 hours. The duration of the WF in 43.3% was lees than 24 hours 19.4%; between 24-48 hours; 25.4% more than 48 hours and 11.9% was transient. The WF was always present with heart rate under 110x'. In 9 patients it occurred with sinus bradycardia with a 48 to 40x' heart rate. The QRS duration was from 80 to 90 msec in 91.0% and from 100 to 120 msec in 9.0%; 4.47% of them had right bundle branch block previous to WF. 10.4% had progression to Mobitz II and 11.9% lead to complete AVB. Mortality was the 2.98% in the group their first AMI; and 4.47% in the group with their second AMI. PMID- 3214220 TI - [Rheumatic activity in patients with heart valve replacements]. AB - We made a comparative analyses of the clinical, laboratory and histological findings between two groups of patients: Group A was composed of rheumatic patients operated upon for valvular substitution. Group B included patients who were taken to cardiac surgery for non rheumatic reasons. PMID- 3214221 TI - [Double-chamber pacemakers. Implantation in a schoolboy for a traumatic lesion of the conduction tissue]. AB - The technological advance of artificial cardiac stimulation in the last fifteen years has been spectacular. The increased life span of generators brought on by the use of lithium batteries, as well as the new platinum anodized leads which reduce their polarization tension, increasing current density to a maximum and thereby lowering chronic stimulation thresholds, mark a new stage in artificial cardiac stimulation. During the current decade there have been three major advances: stimulation by means of DDD-type dual chamber pacemakers; generators activated by muscle movement; and the prototypes of cardioverter-defibrillator automatic pacemakers in the experimental phase. This is the case of an eleven year-old schoolboy who suffered a traumatic lesion of conductive tissue by an accidental gunshot wound, lead shot being lodged in the proximities of the atrial ventricular junction, resulting in stokes-Adams due to the presence of complete AV blockage, in whom a dual chamber symbios pacemaker was implanted by endocardial way, by which means he returned to a normal life even insofar as athletic activity is concerned. PMID- 3214222 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of pulmonary valve calcification]. AB - Calcification of the pulmonary valve is a uncommon condition. Non invasive diagnostic methods such as M-mode and two dimensional echocardiography have facilitated the identification of vegetations and calcifications on the pulmonary valve. Very few cases of isolated calcification on the pulmonary valve have been reported; a previous lesion of the valve almost always exists. The purpose of this communication is to report two cases with calcification of pulmonary valves without underlying pathology and to highlight the great utility of echocardiography in diagnosis and follow-up of such cases. PMID- 3214223 TI - [Diagnosis by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography of coronary aneurysm in a Mexican boy with Kawasaki disease]. AB - The mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or Kawasaki's disease, is a clinical entity consisting of high fever, mucocutaneous involvement and cervical lymphadenopathy that affects infants and young children. Although syndrome is predominantly found in Japan, it has become increasingly recognized in other countries. This disease appears to be benign and self-limited in most instances. However, extensive cardiac involvement may cause sudden death due to myocardial infarction from occlusive coronary artery disease, rupture of a coronary aneurysm or conduction abnormalities. As a result, it has become important to establish a noninvasive diagnostic method for assessing cardiac involvement in this disease. The purpose of this study is to describe the echocardiographic recognition of a left coronary artery aneurysm in a 3 years old mexican boy with Kawasaki's disease. PMID- 3214225 TI - [Current status of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico]. AB - Upon a questionnaire based on the international standards of the American Heart Association on Basic Cardiac Life Support (CPR) a survey was conducted to determine the knowledge and capabilities of doctors and nurses of different hospitals of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Monterrey, NL. The findings reported upon three groups were: the first (A) with informal training, the second group (B) without it, and the 3rd one (C) with formal training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Within these first levels and depending on the academic one, seven subgroups were formed. The four basic areas in the questionnaire were evaluated with percentage of correct answers from both, general and individual answers and the results were analyzed through statistical references. Outstanding was the very low number of people with formal training and of those with informal training, only 30% had executed practices with manikins. Both groups A and B had a 64% of correct answers, when compared to the 88% obtained by group C, give us a statistical value of P less than 0.001. Underlining the very low results and outcomes in the four areas analyzed. The conclusion reached is the need of formal training of both medical and nurse staff in the various techniques of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in our community. PMID- 3214226 TI - [Principle of resection of gastrinoma]. PMID- 3214224 TI - [Risk of complete auriculoventricular block and cardiological complications in patients with bifascicular block undergoing general surgery]. AB - 26 patients with bifascicular block defined as complete right bundle branch block and left anterior block diagnosed electrocardiographically according to Medrano's criteria, were studied to evaluate the indication for preoperatory pacemaker insertion due to the risk of complete A/V block, other cardiac complications were recorded carefully. 7 patients underwent a prophylactic insertion, due to associated first degree A/V block in 4 cases and in 3 cases due to symptomatic bifascicular block. No instance of complete A/V block was found in the study. The most severe complication recorded was in a patient who presented a myocardial infarction complicated with ventricular Tachycardia. The risk of complete A/V block is low and only a small group of this patients should be considered for a preoperatory pacemaker insertion due to associated risk factors. PMID- 3214227 TI - Clinical study of carcinoma of the gallbladder during the past 10 years. PMID- 3214228 TI - Morphological study of the carpal tunnel and the ulnar canal. PMID- 3214229 TI - [Chronic subdural hematoma in the geriatric population. Analysis of 53 cases]. PMID- 3214230 TI - [Reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract with mechanical valve replacement in situ for tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 3214232 TI - [Significance of serum free form bile acid level in pre-hepatic failure after surgery]. PMID- 3214231 TI - [Nutritional assessment of postoperative gastric cancer patients using rapid turnover proteins]. PMID- 3214233 TI - [A case of spinal arachnoid cyst associated with vascular anomaly and repeated transient paraparesis after surgery]. PMID- 3214234 TI - [The distribution, epizootiology and x-ray diagnosis of intrathoracic tumors in the dog]. PMID- 3214235 TI - [The histology of the adenohypophysis in swine (Sus scrofa dom.)]. PMID- 3214236 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the kidney during diarrhea and kidney function after infusion treatment of calves with diarrhea]. PMID- 3214237 TI - [Steroid hormone concentrations in the follicular fluid of the bovine ovary during follicular development]. PMID- 3214238 TI - [The antiviral effect of an extract from the leaves of Cotini coggygriae]. PMID- 3214239 TI - Study of wild Egyptian plants of potential medicinal activity. Sixth communication: antibacterial and antifungal activities of some selected plants. PMID- 3214240 TI - Body fluid metabolism in bovine diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 3214241 TI - [The prenatal development of deferent sperm ducts in swine]. PMID- 3214242 TI - [Development of a test for sperm damage by measuring succinate dehydrogenase activity]. PMID- 3214243 TI - [The occurrence of degenerative liver damage in cattle]. PMID- 3214244 TI - [From intervention without catheterization to interventional catheterization]. PMID- 3214245 TI - [Approaching the gene of mucoviscidosis. New data]. AB - We used 5 polymorphic probes strongly linked to the gene of cystic fibrosis (CF) to perform the genotypical study of 48 families with at least one child presenting with the disease. The last Km19 and XV2c probes showed a very important linkage imbalance with the CF gene (allele 2 = 6.6 kb of Km19/Pstl, chi 2 = 56; allele 1 = 2.1 kb of XV2c/Taql, chi 2 = 21). These two markers define a B haplotype which confers a relative risk of 55 to be gene carrier. From these data, the predictive value for an individual presenting with this haplotype to be heterozygous was computed to be 1/5. Presently, the risk of 1/20 for a randomized subject to be gene-carrier should be reexamined after study of this genotype. These results are very important practically, as they modify the classical data of genetic counselling concerning cystic fibrosis for the couples with a risk higher than 1/4. PMID- 3214246 TI - [Comparison of arterial and transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia]. AB - Transcutaneous PO2 (PTCO2) (Radiometer electrode heated to 44 degrees C) was compared to arterial PO2 (PaO2) in 19 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: 12 infants were tested once, at the mean postnatal age of 14 weeks (range 4-43 weeks), the other 7 infants were studied longitudinally from 5 weeks (range 2-8 weeks) to 12 weeks (range 6-18 weeks) of postnatal age. The protocol was standardized: measurement during behavioral stage 1, using a peripheral arterial line. Twenty-eight comparisons between PTCO2 and PaO2 were obtained. PTCO2 was significantly related to PaO2 [PTCO2 (mmHg) = 0.81 PaO2 + 5.2, r = 0.73, p less than 0.01]. The mean difference PTCO2 - PaO2 was -7.2 mmHg (range: -34.5 to + 33); in the studied age range the PTCO2 - PaO2 was not significantly related to postnatal age (r = -0.24; p greater than 0.1). PMID- 3214247 TI - [Clinical and anatomo-pathologic study of 59 cases of sudden infant death]. AB - A proper organization has been set up at Antoine-Beclere's hospital in order to study the infants who died suddenly. Between July 1985 and July 1987, 69 cases (10 babies less than 1 week of age) were admitted. The purpose of this work was, for the 59 sudden deaths of infants aged more than 1 week (35 males, 24 females), to present the results of a definite protocol of investigation (past history, clinical examination, laboratory and pathological data) for determining either the etiology or the mechanism of these deaths. A thorough investigation was performed in 45/52 cases (no autopsy in 7 cases). A definite diagnosis was possible in 38/45: 13 viral infections, 5 gastro-esophageal reflux, 13 viral infections associated with reflux, 9 with an additional event (massive alimentary inhalation, slipping under blankets, major hyperthermia) to either a viral infection or a reflux, 1 cardiac malformation, 1 metabolic disorder, 2 accidents and 1 infanticide. With this protocol, 7/45 deaths remained unexplained. This medical approach of the problem of sudden deaths in infants is beneficial to the counselling of the parents and to the management of subsequent children. PMID- 3214248 TI - [Value of the ultrasensitive assay of plasma TSH for the surveillance of replacement treatment in children with congenital hypothyroidism]. AB - This study proposes some improvements in monitoring congenital hypothyroidism (CH) using an ultrasensitive plasma TSH assay (usTSH). Patients were 42 CH treated with levo-thyroxine (L-T4) for at least 6 months. Controls were 25 age matched children (C). Comparative determinations of plasma TSH with classical radioimmunoassay (RIA), on one hand, and usTSH on the other hand, revealed RIA values to be beneath the sensitivity threshold in 3 C and in 15 CH. With usTSH, all the TSH values were assayed over the sensitivity threshold. Therefore the CH could be placed into 3 subgroups according to whether their values were below (n = 17), equal to (n = 15) or above (n = 10) those determined for C. Mean plasma levels of thyroxine (T4) or free thyroxine (FT4) were higher in the CH group, considered as a whole, than in C (p less than .01). Furthermore these values did not appear to be correlated with those in the TSH subgroups, anymore than they were with those of therapeutic doses of L-T4 administered. These discrepancies may be explained in terms of metabolism of exogenous thyroid hormones. UsTSH plasma values would therefore reflect the action of thyroid hormones on thyreotropic cells. To this extent the assay constitutes a sensitive index in detecting both therapeutic insufficiencies and overtreatments. PMID- 3214249 TI - [The Pierre-Robin syndrome. Classification and new therapeutic approach]. AB - Rhombencephalic failure of the suction-swallowing, excess of central and obstructive ventilatory arrests with hypoxia and hypercapnia, vagal hypertonia and esophagogastric motor abnormalities are the new clinical signs observed in children presenting with the Pierre Robin's syndrome. A therapeutic management adapted to each of the types I, II, III of the syndrome were defined and a good nursery-nursing allowed a reduction in the mortality-rate from 27 to 5%. Still considered by some as a malformative and glossoptosing disorder whose etiology is only bucco-pharyngeal in origin, this syndrome, common to numerous embryopathies, is a precocious embryonal abnormality of the brain stem neurogenesis, expressed by the dramatic failure of the physiological oro-ventilation system. This syndrome appears to be a peculiar form of dysautonomia of the brain stem development with an uncertain future, often transitory, isolated or associated but in the heart of pediatric internal medicine and its multi-disciplinarity. PMID- 3214250 TI - [Tracheobronchial stenosis of the premature infant. Treatment by balloon dilatation]. AB - The case of a 30th week preterm newborn infant, ventilated because of hyaline membrane disease and presenting with localized stenoses of the carina involving both main-stem bronchi is described. The diagnosis was made on bronchoscopy and bronchography after a period of recurrent atelectases and lobar emphysema. Due to severe broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, surgical reconstruction was impossible. A balloon dilatation was successfully performed while the infant was still ventilated. He died however at the age of 180 days. PMID- 3214251 TI - [Wilson's disease with liver copper in normal concentration]. AB - The cases of 2 children with Wilson's disease revealed by persistent hypertransaminasemia are reported. Blood ceruloplasmin concentration was low but the liver content of copper was lower than usually seen in presymptomatic forms of the disease. The apparently low liver copper concentration could be explained by an unusually important steatosis. PMID- 3214252 TI - [Radiologic case of the month. Pneumatocele on infected intrapulmonary hematoma]. PMID- 3214253 TI - [Consumption of legal and illegal drugs by school students from the region of Doubs]. AB - Two surveys were carried out among high school students from the Doubs region in 1982 and 1985. Their objective was to determine how legal and illegal drugs were used and their importance among the target population. Alcohol was found to be more common among the male population and its consumption remained stable during the 1982-1985 period. The use of tobacco, however, increased dramatically, especially among females attending vocational schools. The surveys also revealed that the age at which smoking was attempted for the first time has lowered, family and school environment playing an important role. Of those students who smoked, 69% had parents and a close friend who smoked, whereas 16% had none in their immediate environment who smoked. It was noted that young girls used more often psycho-active medicines than boys. A noticeable increase in their use became evident especially in vocational schools. Of those students questioned, 43% of junior high school students, 10.3% of vocational school students and 14.8% of senior high school students, stated that they used illegal drugs and that their accessibility permitted a wide use of these products. Whatever the age or sex the following associations were the most significant: drugs-tobacco, drugs alcohol, tobacco-alcohol. Health education must therefore make the promotion of preventive strategies, concerning legal and illegal drugs, a priority in the education of adolescents. PMID- 3214254 TI - [Sequelae of operated atresias of the esophagus]. PMID- 3214255 TI - [Alagille's syndrome: variable expressivity]. PMID- 3214256 TI - [Prevention of chickenpox after contagium in immunodepressed children. Evaluation of the possible role of acyclovir]. PMID- 3214257 TI - [Value of the determination of intact parathyroid hormone in calcium metabolism disorders in children]. PMID- 3214258 TI - Ground reaction forces, center of pressure, and duration of stance with and without an ankle-foot orthosis. AB - We analyzed the effects of an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) on the ground reaction forces, the position of the center of pressure, and the timing of stance phase events during walking in 18 healthy volunteers between the ages of 19 and 38 years. The magnitude and direction of the ground reaction forces and the locus of the center of pressure were recorded every one-sixtieth of a second during free speed ambulation. The horizontal force components of the ground reaction force were plotted vectorially, and the vertical force component was displayed by its magnitude expressed in percentage body weight. All this information was superimposed on the subject's footprint and statistically analyzed, comparing right to left, narrow to wide, and ipsilateral to contralateral use of an AFO. The results showed a significant reduction in the mean duration of the stance phase of 4.83% (p less than 0.05) with the AFO. This reduction was due primarily to the significant reduction during midstance of 7% (p less than 0.025), which was more pronounced with the use of the wide AFO. Using an AFO also resulted in a mean increase of 20% (p less than 0.05) in the vertical force magnitude at the end of push-off. With the use of an AFO, there was a shift of the point of impact at heel strike to a more posterior location and a shift of the trajectory of the center of pressure to a more lateral position throughout the stance phase. These changes should be kept in mind when prescribing an ankle-foot orthosis. PMID- 3214259 TI - Visual neglect and extinction: a new test. AB - A new computerized test for visual neglect and extinction was developed and evaluated by testing twenty-five patients with right-hemisphere cerebrovascular accidents. The test consisted of a series of unilateral or bilateral lights on a semicircular array to which the subject responded by pushing a button. A computer controlled the sequence of stimuli and stored the responses. Results of the computer test were compared to conventional occupational therapy and beside clinical tests. Extinction was present in 16 subjects on the computerized test, and in 11 on the clinical test. Neglect was present in 13 subjects on the computerized test, in seven subjects on the occupational therapy test, and in five subjects on the clinical test. The computerized test was more sensitive than the other tests. On both computerized and clinical testing, all subjects with left-sided neglect also had left-sided extinction, but not all subjects with extinction had neglect. Neglect may represent a more severe manifestation of an underlying perceptual defect that produces both neglect and extinction. PMID- 3214260 TI - Chronic pain: its treatment in geriatric and younger patients. AB - The response of geriatric patients to a multidisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation program was measured by comparing outcome data on 17 older patients (55 to 78 years) to data on 20 younger patients (29 to 48 years) treated in the same program. Pretreatment data were obtained at an initial evaluation, and posttreatment data were obtained at the most recent follow-up contact, usually at 12 months after treatment. Treatment outcome was assessed on the basis of eight quantitative measures: pain ratings; health care utilization; activity tolerance; daily "up time"; hours per week spent in paid employment, housework, volunteer work, or school; medication intake; SCL-90R somatization, depression, and anxiety scores; and an overall summary measure. Pretreatment data indicated that older and younger groups were similar on both demographic variables and clinical status. There was a larger percentage of women in the older group. The older patients were initially somewhat more impaired than the younger ones, with nearly four times the rate of health care utilization and almost two times higher medication intake. Both groups improved significantly from pretreatment to posttreatment on most of the eight measures. Older patients showed a greater decrease in health care utilization. Women and men did not respond differentially to treatment. The data indicated that geriatric patients can benefit from chronic pain rehabilitation programs at least as much as, if not more than, younger patients. PMID- 3214262 TI - Modified aerobic walking program: effect on patients with postpolio syndrome symptoms. AB - Modified aerobic exercise may have a role in the management of patients with symptoms of postpolio syndrome by improving biomechanical efficiency, alleviating secondary cardiorespiratory and muscular deconditioning, and avoiding some risks associated with traditional strengthening exercises. The effects of a walking program on the functional capacity of patients with symptoms of postpolio syndrome were studied. Three patients participated in full oxygen consumption studies during submaximal treadmill exercise tests before and after an eight-week period. Two patients participated in an eight-week program designed to prolong walking duration while maintaining perceived exertion and discomfort/pain at minimal levels. A third patient was tested before and after eight weeks but did not receive training. The untrained patient showed some reduction in the retest compared with the initial test at all workloads with respect to oxygen consumption, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure, but ratings of perceived exertion and discomfort/pain were comparable for the two tests. Reductions in metabolic responses during the retest could be explained by the effect of habituation to the testing situation. In contrast, the trained patients showed relatively marked reductions in both metabolic and subjective responses after training. These results suggest that patients with symptoms of postpolio syndrome can increase their functional work capacity after a modified aerobic walking program. This improvement reflects improved biomechanical efficiency and possible training effects at the cardiorespiratory and muscular levels. Further research is needed to elucidate the role and interactions of these mechanisms in improving the functional work capacity of patients with chronic neuromuscular dysfunction. PMID- 3214261 TI - Bed rest effect on extremity muscle torque in healthy men. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of bed rest on appendicular muscle torque. Fifteen healthy male volunteers between the ages of 21 and 54 participated in the study. The subjects were put on five weeks of strict horizontal bed rest. They were allowed to sit up for bowel movements only; however, no lower extremity weight-bearing was allowed. During bed rest, the subjects were required to ingest a fixed nutritionally adequate diet. Data for muscle torque were obtained using a Cybex II dynamometer, Upper Body Exercise Table (UBXT), and a data analysis computer (HUMAC). The subjects were tested on Cybex at the speed of 60 degrees/sec during the week before starting bed rest and the day after starting reambulation. The muscle groups tested were soleus, gastrocnemius-soleus, dorsiflexors, knee flexors, knee extensors, elbow flexors, and elbow extensors. The torque in all groups but elbow extensors was reduced by 24%, 26%, 8%, 8%, 19%, and 7%, respectively. Student's t-test for paired means demonstrated significant loss of torque in all muscle groups except elbow extensors (p less than 0.05). The results of this study suggest that a strengthening exercise program should be administered to these patients while they are on bed rest, and that the earliest possible attempt should be made to ambulate patients after prolonged bed rest to minimize the loss of muscle torque. PMID- 3214263 TI - Sensation-seeking and traumatic spinal cord injury: case-control study. AB - A retrospective case-control study was carried out to determine whether sensation seeking preferences were associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). One hundred forty male SCI patients were individually matched by age, race, gender, educational attainment at the time of SCI, and current zip code with 140 current Louisiana driver's license holders. Participants were interviewed by telephone. Sensation-seeking was assessed by the Disinhibition (Dis) and Boredom Susceptibility (BS) subscales of Zuckerman's Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS, Form V). Although an earlier study found no difference on the SSS between a group of SCI patients and published norms, modest but statistically significant differences were found between SCI subjects and control subjects with respect to both subscales and the combined SSS score. The mean difference on the latter was 1.6 units on a scale of 0-20 (t = 4.11, p = .0001). Compared to patients scoring below the tenth percentile on the SSS, those scoring above the 90th percentile were significantly younger at the time of SCI, more likely to report an arrest before their SCI, and more likely to be using drugs or alcohol at the time of SCI. PMID- 3214264 TI - Paraplegia and quadriplegia after intrathecal chemotherapy. AB - Transient or permanent paraplegia after the use of intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX) or cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) for treatment or prophylaxis of patients with meningeal leukemia is an unusual complication, with an incidence of less than 3% among such patients. Only 15 cases involving IT MTX have been documented and even fewer with IT Ara-C. Three patients were studied who developed permanent or ascending myelopathy from treatment of their leukemia or rhabdomyosarcoma with IT chemotherapy. The patients' ages ranged from 7 to 62 years. Two of the three patients had electromyographic examinations. These revealed a primary motor neuron degeneration or a polyradiculopathy, superimposed on a mild axonal peripheral neuropathy associated with vincristine therapy. This is consistent with other electromyographic studies. Two of the patients showed an elevation of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) protein before development of paraplegia; one also showed a rise in myelin basic protein associated with his myelopathy. Neuropathologic findings suggest demyelination as the primary process leading to myelopathy. Increasing evidence has shown that total CSF protein, or more specifically, the myelin basic protein, may be elevated before development of paraplegia. Routine serial testing of the CSF for total protein could be used as a screening test during therapy. PMID- 3214265 TI - Citation classics: most-cited articles from Archives of PM&R. AB - The purpose of this brief study was to identify the most-cited articles in the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation based on citation counts using the 1955 through 1986 Science Citation Index (SCI) of the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI). Bibliographic coupling is one measure of a landmark or classic article. The study resulted in identifying 14 citation classics for this journal. PMID- 3214266 TI - [The effect of the nutritional status of rats on the protein biosynthetic activity in a cell-free system]. AB - The recent paper deals with the influence of nutritional situation on the ability of cell sap fractions of liver and muscle of rats to stimulate protein biosynthesis in a cell-free system. The incorporation of 3H-leucine into polypeptides from tissues of ad libitum fed rats was 1.25-1.46 fold higher in the liver resp. 1.2-1.7 fold higher in the muscle in comparison to the incorporation data of the starved rats. Significant differences were also shown in the course of translation (incorporation of amino acids in dependence of concentration and time). The amino acid incorporation of starved animals rapidly reached a plateau at a low level of incorporation (liver 40,000 dpm, muscle 9,000 dpm) whereas at higher cell sap concentrations and prolonged times of incubation (120 min) degradation effects (proteolysis) must be taken into account. The incorporation of amino acids in tissues of ad libitum fed animals has still increased under the same conditions (liver 55,000 dpm, muscle 16,000 dpm). These results obtained with in-vitro-methods confirm findings got with in-vivo-techniques and may complete the investigations of protein metabolism sensibly. PMID- 3214267 TI - Physionutritional effects of rubratoxin-B on rabbits. AB - The present work lasted 4 weeks to study the effects of rubratoxin-B (RTB) contaminated diet (1 ppm) on performance and physiological nutrition of Baladi rabbits. In comparison to the toxin-free diet, the contaminated diet caused the following results: Significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) decrease in feed intake and significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) increase in water/feed ratio. Digestibility coefficient of crude protein declined significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) whereas those of ether extract and crude fibre slightly elevated. The autopsy revealed rise of relative weights of liver, genital tract and kidneys (but not significantly), in addition to some gross pathological symptoms (haemorrhage in chest cavity and congestion of lungs, liver and caecum). The analyses proved significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) increase in blood sedimentation rate, serum phosphorus, ether extract of liver and femoral muscle, tibia-bone contents of calcium, magnesium and specific gravity of the bone. PMID- 3214268 TI - Human-avian influenza virus reassortants: effect of reassortment pattern on multi cycle reproduction in MDCK cells. AB - Human-avian influenza reassortants possessing the HA gene of the avian parent virus were tested for their ability to replicate in MDCK cells at 37 degrees C and 31 degrees C. Both avian parent viruses, A/Duck/Ukraine/1/63 (H3N8) and A/Duck/Hoshimin/014/78 (H5N3) induced an efficient multi-cycle infection at 37 degrees C, but replicated poorly at 31 degrees C, whereas the human parent virus, MDCK-adapted variant of A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) strain, replicated efficiently at both temperatures. The reassortant clone possessing the HA gene of A/Duck/Ukraine/1/63 virus and the other 7 genes of A/USSR/90/77 virus replicated at both temperatures almost as efficiently as the human parent virus. Among the reassortants between A/Duck/Hoshimin/014/78 and A/USSR/90/77, the clones possessing the HA and NA genes of the avian strain, or the HA, NA, NP, and NS genes of the avian strain, and the other genes of the human parent virus, replicated poorly at both temperatures, especially at 31 degrees C, whereas the reassortant possessing the HA, NA, and M genes of the avian virus replicated at both temperatures fairly efficiently. The results are discussed in connection with the limitations imposed by different genes upon avian influenza viruses' ability to replicate in mammalian cells. PMID- 3214269 TI - Replication of human immunodeficiency virus: yield of infectious virus under single growth cycle conditions. AB - Replication kinetics of HIV was studied under single growth cycle conditions by backtitrating infectious virus released or remained cell-associated at each time point. Under these conditions HIV seems to replicate faster than previously estimated. The amount of cell-associated virus always exceeds the one detectable in the medium. PMID- 3214271 TI - Analysis of cell fusion induced by bovine coronavirus infection. AB - Polykaryon formation in bovine fetal spleen (BFS) cells infected with bovine coronavirus L9 occurred only in media supplemented with trypsin. A single 1 to 2 h trypsin treatment 10 h and later after infection induced formation of polykaryons. Trypsin treatment at pH 7.5 and 8.0 induced polykaryons while treatments at lower or higher pH levels did not. Cell fusion activity was partially suppressed by the presence of antibody. PMID- 3214270 TI - Comparison of the nucleoprotein genes of a chicken and a mink influenza A H 10 virus. AB - The base sequences of the coding region of the nucleoprotein (NP) genes of two H 10 influenza A viruses, one avian (virus N) and one mink virus, have been determined by primer extension. When the NP genes and the NP sequences derived from the only open reading frame of the two H 10 viruses were compared with those of other human and avian influenza A viruses, it turned out that the mink virus NP was highly related to that of other avian strains, but differed from that of the human strains. Comparison of the NP genes of the mink and avian strains of European origin suggests a direct lineage between them. Since the NP plays a major role in species specificity, it is assumed that an avian influenza virus has directly invaded the mink population. PMID- 3214273 TI - Evolution of influenza polymerase: nucleotide sequence of the PB2 gene of A/Chile/1/83 (H1 N1). AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of the PB2 gene of influenza virus A/Chile/1/83 (H1 N1) is presented. Sequence comparison between A/Chile PB2 protein and the known PB2 sequences of the influenza strains A/WSN/33 (H1 N1), A/PR/8/34 (H1 N1), A/NT/60/68 (H3 N2), A/Kiev/59/79 (H1 N1), A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7 N1), and B/Ann Arbor/1/66 indicates extensive amino acid homology for the influenza A virus PB2 proteins. Small clusters of basic amino acids are conserved in all PB2 proteins including the influenza B PB2 protein which has only 39% sequence homology overall to the PB2 polypeptides of type A influenza viruses. The evolutionary rate of 5.7 x 10(-3) nucleotide substitutions per site per year and 0.25% amino acid changes per year between the A/Chile/1/83 and A/NT/60/68 PB2 appears to be higher than that calculated earlier for A/NT, A/PR/8 and A/WSN. An unusually high degree of sequence change between A/Chile/1/83 and A/Kiev/59/79 PB2 polymerase was revealed and this is discussed in terms of its probable origin. PMID- 3214272 TI - Characterization of a new serotype of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus isolated from Atlantic salmon. AB - Virus particles isolated from hatchery reared fish with infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) were neutralized by homologous immune sera but not by immune sera raised against IPN virus serotype 1, 2, and 3. This virus isolate, called the N1 strain, was detected in one year old Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during an outbreak with histopathological lesions of IPN and slightly increased mortality. The polypeptide pattern of N1 virus differed markedly from that of the three classical IPN virus serotypes. Double stranded RNA isolated from the N1 virus particles, co-migrated during agarose gel electrophoresis with nucleic acid isolated from the IPN virus Jasper and Ab strains. Nucleic acid hybridizations using low stringency washing conditions and a synthetic DNA oligonucleotide probe (representing the 3' end of the A segment of the Jasper strain) gave positive results with the IPN virus Jasper, Ab, Sp, and N1 strains. The results presented in this paper show that the N1 isolate differs immunologically and biochemically from the IPN virus serotypes 1, 2, and 3 and may represent a new serotype of IPNV. PMID- 3214274 TI - Biotinylated nucleic acid hybridization probes for potato virus detection. AB - cDNA libraries, representative of potato viruses X (PVXc strain) and Y (PVY degrees strain) genomes were obtained. A PVX cDNA cloned fragment was sequenced and biotinylated to be used as hybridization probe for the detection of purified virus or nucleic acid extracts of infected plants. Dot hybridization assay was sensitive to detect 4 ng of viral particles, corresponding to about 200 pg of viral RNA. The level of detection in infected plant extracts was as effective as that obtained with the ELISA. The presence of biotinylated PVY cDNA in the hybridization mixture did not affect sensitivity of the PVX detection assay, suggesting that a single diagnostic assay for several potato viruses and virus related pathogens could be developed. PMID- 3214275 TI - Analysis of the mechanism of influenza B virus inactivation by guinea pig serum. AB - Normal guinea pig serum lacking detectable antiviral antibody inactivated influenza B virus via the classical complement pathway. This virus inactivation appeared to result from the steric hindrance of HA activity by the association with the virus of serum proteins presumed to be complement components. Trypsin digestion of the associated proteins fully restored the HA activity but not infectivity. It was found that the virus underwent minor disruption of the envelope and degradation of M1 protein and genomic RNA. PMID- 3214276 TI - [Exercise induced changes in the distribution of 81mKr and pulmonary response after an asthmatic episode]. PMID- 3214278 TI - [Effects of various nutritional conditions on IgE antibody formation in mice]. PMID- 3214277 TI - [Distilled water inhalation challenge in asthmatic children]. PMID- 3214279 TI - [Effect of azelastine on theophylline clearance in asthma patients]. PMID- 3214280 TI - [Potentiating effect of inhaled thromboxane A2 analogue (STA2) on bronchial responsiveness in guinea pigs]. PMID- 3214281 TI - [Late phase response in the guinea pig airway caliber following inhaled antigen exposure. I. Comparative study of passively and actively sensitized models]. PMID- 3214282 TI - [Study of the activity of neutrophils to produce active oxygen species in asthmatic children--using whole blood luminol-dependent chemiluminescence]. PMID- 3214283 TI - [Cough after awakening in asthmatic children]. PMID- 3214284 TI - [The changes in bronchial hypersensitivity in preschool children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3214285 TI - [Breath-by-breath analysis of airway hypersensitivity and ventilatory parameters in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3214287 TI - [The immune response specific to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus body antigen in asthmatics]. PMID- 3214286 TI - [Percentage of positive specific IgG and IgE antibodies to egg white, milk, soy and mite (Dermatophagoides farinae), their changes with age in pediatric allergic diseases]. PMID- 3214288 TI - [Effects of salbutamol spray administered with metered dose inhaler on oral cavities in asthma patients]. PMID- 3214289 TI - [Peripheral blood monocyte/macrophages among mononuclear cells and serum tumor necrosis factor in patients with Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 3214290 TI - [Effect of peripheral dendritic cell on the concanavalin A response to T cells]. PMID- 3214291 TI - [The relation between occupation and coronary heart disease]. PMID- 3214292 TI - Residues of organochlorine pesticides in some foodstuffs of animal origin collected in Croatia, Yugoslavia. PMID- 3214293 TI - [The Vancouver Declaration and "scientific work"]. PMID- 3214294 TI - [Color vision disorder in chronic alcoholics]. PMID- 3214295 TI - [Absenteeism from work among asbestos-textile workers]. PMID- 3214296 TI - [Ethanol poisoning treated with hemodialysis]. PMID- 3214297 TI - Reproductive toxicological effects in rats after oral exposure to effluents from a coal gasification plant. PMID- 3214298 TI - The work of the National ANA Task Force on the nursing shortage and RCTs. PMID- 3214299 TI - Professional versus technical: it is time for a clear definition. PMID- 3214300 TI - [Neuronal organization of field 4 of the motor cortex of the cat brain]. AB - By means of the silver nitrate impregnation method after Golgi-Kopsch in kittens and young cats the field 4 in the cerebral motor cortex has been studied. The motor cortex of the field 4 possesses certain heteromorphism. Besides usual stellate and pyramidal neurons, that differ from real ones by some morphological signs: their body is often round, the apical dendrite is much thinner than the corresponding dendrite of a pyramidal neuron, it does not produce oblique branches along the course, never gets into the I layer, the spines arrange less densely. According to the mode of dendrites setting off, the atypical pyramidal neurons can be divided into multipolar and spindle-like with horizontal or vertical branching of the dendrites. According to the spines distribution, the multipolar atypical neurons can be divided into spinous, rare-spinous and aspinous. With respect to various cellular forms and distribution of various types of neurons in layers, every of the areas (gamma, alpha, sfu, fu) possesses specific peculiarities. The greatest variability of the neurons have the field 4 gamma and 4 alpha, where, besides stellate and pyramidal, atypical neurons can be found. The stellate neurons of the field 4 gamma are characterized with a deep arrangement, their number is essentially less, than in other areas of the field 4. In the field 4 alpha they are situated in the layers II-III. Suprafundal and fundal parts of the field do not possess pyramidal atypical neurons and are characterized with presence of large amount of the stellate neurons. In respect to the axonal branching in the suprafundal part of the field 4, 2 types of the stellate cells are distinguished. PMID- 3214301 TI - [Zones of sex dimorphism in the basolateral structures of the amygdaloid complex]. AB - With the aim to reveal zones of sex dimorphism by means of the karyometry method, 25 zones of the basolateral structures have been investigated in the amygdaloid complex. Mature rats (15 males and 10 females) are decapitated, the brain is fixed in 10% neutral formalin, paraffin slices are stained with hematoxylin-eosin and with cresyl violet. A complete idea on topography of the sex dimorphism zones on the territory of the basolateral structures of the amygdaloid complex is given. The zones mentioned are localized predominantly in the posterior part of the amygdaloid complex, making composition of the basolateral and dorsal endopiriform nuclei. PMID- 3214302 TI - [Activity of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase of the hemispheres and several subcortical zones of the human brain in prenatal ontogenesis]. AB - Histochemical investigations of acetyl- and butyrilcholinesterase (AChE and BChE) activity in the cortical plate and in some subcortical areas of the human brain have demonstrated that on the 8th week of the prenatal development of the greatest AChE and BChE activity is observed in the dorsal thalamus, epithalamus and in the ependymal layer of various cerebral parts, the forebrain including. The data obtained, prove previous observations, concerning predominant localization of AChE in the intermediate layer of the isocortex (10 weeks). In a 10-week-old human fetus a total high level of AChE and BChE activity is demonstrated in various nuclei of the thalamus and in subcortical structures of the forebrain (nucl. caudatus, Meynert nucl.). PMID- 3214303 TI - [Enzymatic activity of neurons of various parts of the digestive tube in postnatal ontogenesis of the rat (cytophotometric histochemical study)]. AB - Enzymatic activity in cells of the muscular-intestinal plexus of the esophagus, duodenum and rectum has been studied cytophotometrically. Glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase, NADPh-dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase (APh), monoamine oxidase, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) have been revealed in 19-20-day old embryos, in 1-, 21-, 30-day-old rats and in mature rats. A high APh activity is revealed in all the groups studied; in the process of development the duodenum legs behind, concerning AChE activity. This demonstrates certain peculiarities in its mediator regime. Evidently, dyskinetic phenomena in the middle part of the gastrointestinal tract in children are connected with this. Enzymatic activity, connected with general metabolic processes, demonstrates that differentiation develops towards decreasing amount of cellular types, while the enzymes, that are connected with metabolism of the mediators, demonstrate an increasing variability of cells in the process of their differentiation. PMID- 3214304 TI - [Ultrastructure of blood capillaries in vascular plexuses of the lateral ventricles of the human brain]. AB - Ultrastructure of the wall of the microcirculatory bed links in the lateral ventricles of the human brain has been studied, as well as their interrelations with neural elements and ependyma. Together with typical morphological structural signs, certain peculiarities are revealed, characterizing organic specificity. Elements, performing function of the blood-brain barrier are determined: epithelium (ependyma), basal membranes, interstitium. A well developed afferent and efferent nervous apparatus of the vascular plexus, evidently, actively participates in regulation of the microcirculatory blood bed and in formation of liquor. PMID- 3214306 TI - [Structure of the arterial bed in human lymph nodes]. AB - Blood vessels, that bring blood to various areas of the human superficial inguinal lymph nodes are predominantly arterioles and precapillaries. They are often arranged radially from the hilus to the capsule and from the capsule towards the portal thickening. The arteries and arterioles of the portal and capsular trabeculae reach the paracortical zone, occupying an intermediate position between the medullary cords and the cortex of the lymph node. The arterioles of the paracortical zone, passing between the cortex and the medullary cords, acquire an arcuate appearance. In both directions from them (into central and peripheral areas of the node) precapillaries branch off at a right angle. The cortex is supplied with blood by the arteriolar branches of the paracortical zone and the capsule of the node. The cortical precapillaries branch into capillaries either within the lymphoid nodules, or along their periphery. In the medullary cords those arterioles branch, that get from the portal thickening, portal trabeculae and paracortical zone. PMID- 3214305 TI - [Morphological aspects of age-related adaptation of the arterial vessels of the human kidneys in various cardiovascular diseases]. AB - The investigation has been performed in 190 normal kidneys and at certain cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta, hypertension, chronic ischemic cardiac disease and their combination). Principally similar morphological structures are mobilized in the process of the renal arterial bed adaptation both normal and at the cardio-vascular diseases studied. Transition from certain functional changes to the organic ones in the muscular tunic and in the elastic membranes of large arteries, in correlation of afferent and deferent glomerular arterioles of all cortical layers is stated, as well as adaptive rearrangement of the microvessels and of the juxtamedullary shunt. PMID- 3214308 TI - [Theoretical approach to the description of microvesicular transport in the endothelium]. AB - Theoretical consideration of mechanisms on curvature of the cell membrane, resulting in formation of microvesicles in the cells has been carried out. These mechanisms are presented as: 1) local changes of membrane surface tension at the border membranes--external medium; 2) local changes of the membrane potential; 3) hydrostatic pressure; 4) crystallization of membrane domains; 5) enzymatic changes of the lipid molecule configurations. Energy of the curved membrane and the energy of the external effects for the vesicle are estimated. Spontaneous formation of vesicles at the expense of the oscillatory mechanism is impossible. The most probable mechanism, from the energetic point of view, for vesicular formation is adsorption of surface-active substances or ions on the membrane. Thus, the processes of microvesicular mass transfer, playing an important role in transcapillary mass exchange are determined by physicochemical mechanisms. From the physico-chemical point of view adsorption of substances can be the most probable mechanism in the vesicular formation and determine intensity of vesicular transport. PMID- 3214307 TI - [Applied aspects of anatomy of the lumbar lymph nodes and their vessels]. AB - Using anatomical and roentgenoanatomical methods in 132 corpses of persons (from newborns up to 83 years of age) the anatomy of the lumbar lymph nodes and their vessels has been studied. Their topography, skeletotopy , amount, dimensions and form have been determined. Afferent and deferent lymphatic vessels in various groups of the lumbar lymph nodes, collateral pathways of lymph outflow to by-pass the lumbar lymph nodes are described. Certain data on the types of the thoracic duct formation are presented. PMID- 3214309 TI - [Ultrastructure of macrophages in the developing dermis++ and in the focus of aseptic inflammation in rats]. AB - By means of the planimetry and stereometry methods ultrastructural peculiarities of macrophages in the developing dermis++ and in the focus of a subacute experimental inflammation have been investigated. Quantitative characteristics of various types of macrophages are presented. The part of macrophages of various types changes depending on age of the animal or on time of the experimental inflammation. Presence of a strong positive correlation between development of the lysosomal apparatus in ontogenesis and activity of the macrophage surface is stated. In the inflammatory focus this correlation is disturbed and sometimes it changes into a negative one. During the differentiation process of macrophages the synthesis and differentiation apparatuses are the first to form and then lysosomes. It is connected with the fact that the synthesis and secretion apparatuses are necessary for lysosomal formation, as well as for secretory function of macrophages. PMID- 3214310 TI - [Interference microscopy of human dental enamel at various age periods]. AB - Investigation of the human tooth enamel by means of interference contrast makes it possible to reveal certain peculiarities of the prismatic structure in various age groups. For example, in children the enamel has specific porosity of the superficial layers, that is peculiar for teeth with a delayed eruption. With age the enamel becomes more "homogeneous", amount and size of the pores decrease, aprismatic areas in the superficial layer are found more often. Erased teeth are characterized with formation of microdefects, destruction of prisms on the enamel surface and at the same time with increased mineralization of the subsuperficial layer. Thus, age changes of the enamel are of adaptive character--consolidation of structural elements promotes increasing resistivity of the teeth to influence of pathological factors. PMID- 3214311 TI - [Histochemical features of the formation of the protective barrier of the stomach in various periods of ontogenesis of mammals]. AB - By means of a complex of histochemical methods it has been demonstrated that cytochemical differentiation of the tegmental epitheliocytes and secretory cells of the fundal glands takes place in different time. In Carnivores the tegmental epitheliocytes complete their cytochemical differentiation during the prenatal period, mucocytes--to the time of birth, and chief exocrinocytes--to the period of mixed feeding. In phytophagous animals formation of the protective barrier in the stomach occurs differently: in the mouse and hamster the cytochemical differentiation of the tegmental and glandular epitheliocytes is completed during the prenatal period, and in the rabbit and guinea pig--only by the 30th day after birth. PMID- 3214313 TI - [A method of evaluating the cellular composition of the lymph nodes]. PMID- 3214312 TI - [Endocrinocytes of the appendix in the human fetus]. AB - At light and electron microscopic level endocrine cells of the human embryos (9 31-week-old) appendices have been studied. They appear in the human embryo appendix on the 11th week of development for the first time. Amount of the endocrine cells in the field of vision increases significantly on the 17th-24th and does not change on the 25th-31st weeks. Basing on certain morphological criteria, presence of EC-cells and those resembling S- or I-cells is demonstrated in the human embryo appendix. Thus, already during the embryonal period there are cells in the appendix, main function of which is to produce biogenic amines and peptide hormones, participating in local regulation of homeostasis. PMID- 3214315 TI - [Endomyocardial biopsy in patients with chronic Chagas' cardiopathy. A study, in necropsy, for diagnostic determination]. PMID- 3214314 TI - [Cardiotocology. Analysis of 327 cases]. PMID- 3214316 TI - [Effects of sotalol on the electric activity of Purkinje fibers]. PMID- 3214317 TI - [Myocardial infarction with normal coronary vessels, associated with thyrotoxicosis. A case report]. PMID- 3214318 TI - [Behavior of lymphocyte magnesium in heart diseases. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3214319 TI - [Clinical study of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 3214320 TI - [Intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3214321 TI - [Immediate results of the surgical treatment of endomyocardial fibrosis]. PMID- 3214322 TI - [Surgical correction of congenital heart diseases in low weight children with deep hypothermia]. PMID- 3214323 TI - Ante natal classes--how effective? PMID- 3214324 TI - ISAO encourages bionics in developing nations. PMID- 3214325 TI - Characterization and identification of substances isolated from dialyzer extracts. AB - The organic phase of dialyzer dried extracts obtained from Cuprophan hollow fiber and polyacrylonitrile AN 69 parallel-plate dialyzers, all sterilized by ethylene oxide, were submitted to light and polarized light microscopy, infrared (IR) spectrophotometry, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Colorless polygonal (approximately 5 X 20 micron) and needle-like (approximately 3 X 50 micron) crystals were found in great quantity on microscopy examination. IR spectrophotometry of the crystals embedded in potassium bromide disc showed specific spectra in the 1400-800 cm-1 wave number range and typical peaks on wave number assigned for hydroxy or amine (3420 cm-1), aromatic hydrogen (3060 cm-1), methyl, methylenic, or methenyl (2960-2860 cm-1), and carbonyl (1715 cm-1) groups can be demonstrated. Seven peaks were detected on gas chromatography of the organic solution containing crystals. Fatty acids and undefined compounds could originate from the dialyzer. Phtalates may leach from blood tubing, used in the rinsing procedure, and BHT is a stabilizer of ethyl ether used as solvent. These compounds could also originate from the dialyzer since phtalates are widely used as a plasticizer and BHT an antioxidant for various polymers. PMID- 3214326 TI - Continuous computerized monitoring of hemodynamic parameters during acetate dialysis, bicarbonate dialysis, and acetate-free biofiltration. AB - The effects of continuous, computerized, non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring on the appearance of intradialytic symptoms, aided by preventive therapeutic maneuvers, were evaluated in 30 critically ill patients undergoing regular acetate dialysis. The hemodynamic behavior was assessed by a system that interfaces a personal computer with a blood pressure monitor and to a transthoracic electrical impedance-measuring instrument. Monitoring allowed us to reduce significantly the frequency of some important intradialytic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. The same monitoring system was used acutely to characterize differing hemodynamic behaviors during acetate dialysis (AD), bicarbonate dialysis (BD), and acetate-free biofiltration (AFBF). AD showed a prevalent vasodilation effect with a compensatory increase in heart rate and higher cardiac output values, which were not sufficient to maintain blood pressure stability. BD and AFBF were characterized by a more efficient vasoconstrictor effect and good hemodynamic stability. AFBF, despite a 1 h reduction in session length compared to BD, did not present significant differences in hemodynamic response resulting from session shortness or other technical changes. PMID- 3214327 TI - Cefoperazone in the treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. AB - Cefoperazone is a third-generation cephalosporin that is active against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We added this antibiotic to peritoneal dialysis solution at a concentration of 62.5 mg/L to treat peritonitis in six continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Serum drug concentrations were obtained at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 h after instituting antibiotic therapy. Rapid uptake by blood of the antibiotic across the peritoneal membrane occurred when the latter was inflamed. Adequate bactericidal serum levels for many bacteria were obtained in less than 4 h. Cefoperazone effectively eradicated peritonitis in all patients. PMID- 3214328 TI - Removal of apolipoprotein B from dog whole blood by ex vivo hemoadsorption on antibody-agarose beads. AB - Antibody columns for hemoperfusion were prepared by filling 300-ml polycarbonate canisters with 2% agarose gel beads having attached goat antibodies directed toward apolipoprotein B (apo B), the major apoprotein of low and very low density lipoproteins. Blood was withdrawn from the left external jugular vein of dogs, regionally treated with anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution A, pumped through the antibody column, and returned to the right external jugular vein. Immunoreactive apo B decreased by 81% during passage of blood over the column. Adverse effects were not observed during four weekly hour-long perfusions with blank columns (agarose beads without antibody attached) followed by four weekly perfusions with antibody columns. The columns were disinfected and stored in 1 M acetic acid and reused weekly in each animal. Recovery of platelets and white blood cells over the columns was 90 and 102%, respectively, with no significant differences between blank columns and antibody-containing columns. Complement was not consumed during the hemoadsorption procedure. Hemoadsorption on antibody agarose columns is a promising potential method for removing toxic molecules and cells from whole blood. PMID- 3214329 TI - Transplantation of mucosal tissue model composed of rabbit oral mucosal cells. AB - Since skin grafted into the oral cavity does not differentiate into mucosa, its original characteristics remain unchanged. This may cause discomfort to patients treated with such grafted skin, due to the skin's hair follicles and keratinization. This phenomenon is controlled by subepithelial connective tissues, and is thus referred to as the Epithelio-Mesenchymal Interaction. The grafting of mucosa itself would be preferable, but this procedure is severely limited due to the scarcity of suitable tissue. Accordingly, we have recently prepared artificial mucosa in vitro, using fibroblasts and epithelial cells derived from rabbit oral mucosa and collagen gel, and transplanted it into a donor animal. This paper is the first report of a method using artificial mucosa for the reconstruction of mucosal defects. PMID- 3214330 TI - Combining novel biomolecules and stimuli-sensitive biomaterials into new recognition-response biomaterial systems. AB - An important present and emerging trend in biomaterials development is the synthesis of polymers which combine capabilities of biologic recognition ("biomimetic") with sensitivity to small environmental changes ("stimuli responsive"). This short article highlights some of the many opportunities and challenges in this exciting area. PMID- 3214331 TI - Development of motion analyzing system for implanted tilting disk valves. AB - A motion-analyzing system was developed to quantitatively evaluate functions of the implanted tilting disk valve, e.g., an open angle and a duration of valve open and/or shut. In this system a picture of the valve on an x-ray cinefilm is displayed on the CRT screen by the TV camera for extraction of valve position. Data extracted are stored in the computer and are used to calculate parameters for motion analysis of the valve. The reliability of this system was confirmed within 3 degrees of error using the valve model prior to the evaluation of cinefilms clinically procured. With the aid of this motion analyzing system, complicated motions of the tilting disk valve were easily quantified and the useful information as given for clinical diagnosis and further valve development. PMID- 3214332 TI - Effects of pneumatic artificial heart driver on the rate of isovolumic pressure rise. AB - The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of three parameters of the artificial heart's performance on the (+) dP/dt max. Specifically, the effects of heart rate, left-sided drive pressure, and percent systole (the independent variables) on the (+) dP/dt max (the dependent variable) were examined. The study was conducted using a mock circulation which was connected to an artificial heart. Data were collected using the COMDU software developed for the computer which monitors the artificial heart. Stepwise regression analysis was used to test the three hypotheses. Hypothesis one stated the heart rate would significantly effect the (+) dP/dt max. The hypothesis was not supported. Hypothesis two stated the percent systole would significantly effect the (+) dP/dt max. Hypothesis two was also not supported. Hypothesis three stated the drive pressure would significantly effect the (+) dP/dt max. The hypothesis was supported as drive pressure accounted for 4% of the variance in (+) dP/dt max; however, the results were not clinically significant. Limitations in the study were multicollinearity among the independent variables, small sample size, and the inability of the mock circulation to represent human responses. PMID- 3214333 TI - Use of a new plasma separation membrane for plasma donation. Technical and biological results. AB - Donor safety and high-quality plasma are important assumptions for a successful plasma donation. The manual technique has two major inconveniences: It is time consuming and there are risks in the transfusion because the system is not closed. Among the available technological options, filtration has great future prospects insofar as a hemocompatible and efficient membrane can be made available and at low cost. Hemascience Travenol developed the polycarbonate membrane for the first disposable. Because of a high rate of no or very low plasma flow (5-10%), the company equipped the disposable with a new membrane: the nylon membrane. This membrane was tested according to biological and technical protocols; 39 disposables were used. The anticoagulant was acid citrate dextrose formula A. The results were good: time to collect 600 g of plasma, 34 min (only two occurrences of low flow); no problem with blocking or clotting. The main biological data show no problem with molecule activation (complement factors, coagulation factors), a good recovery of Factor VIII, and no contamination of platelets (5 +/- 2 X 10(3)/ml). No side-effects in the donor were noted. These results confirm that the Hemascience Travenol system is one of the best automatic plasmapheresis systems and could be used to separate great quantities of plasma from donors. PMID- 3214334 TI - [1988 report of proceedings of the German Society for Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2. Report of sessions]. PMID- 3214335 TI - [Address by the president of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prof, Dr. M.E. Wiegand, Erlangen, on the opening of the 59th annual meeting on 15 May l988 in Nurnberg]. PMID- 3214336 TI - Combination chemotherapy for malignant mixed germ cell tumours of the ovary: a prospective study. PMID- 3214337 TI - Term pregnancy in a rudimentary horn of a bicornuate uterus with foetal salvage: a case report. PMID- 3214338 TI - Cervical carcinoma in situ after incomplete conisation. PMID- 3214339 TI - A vaginal approach to the treatment of genital prolapse. PMID- 3214340 TI - Pregnancy in a woman with Wilson's disease treated with zinc. PMID- 3214341 TI - Pattern of neonatal morbidity and mortality in infants of diabetic mothers. PMID- 3214342 TI - Hysterosalpingography in secondary infertility. PMID- 3214343 TI - A critical analysis of the rates and indications for caesarean section in a developing country. PMID- 3214344 TI - Role of surgical intervention in severe grade of septic abortions: an analysis of 14 cases. PMID- 3214345 TI - Parity and susceptibility to rubella in pregnant women in Japan. PMID- 3214346 TI - Pattern of neonatal mortality in a government teaching institute. PMID- 3214347 TI - A morphometric and ultrastructural study of the microvessels of the functional zone of normal human endometrium with some notions on possible secretory functions of the endothelial cells. PMID- 3214349 TI - Support for Amnesty International: a nursing perspective. PMID- 3214350 TI - We are meant to be a caring profession. PMID- 3214348 TI - Maturity and in vitro fertilization of superovulated human oocytes in relation to various hormone levels in follicular fluids. PMID- 3214351 TI - Pain management: a necessary emphasis. PMID- 3214352 TI - Child care today. PMID- 3214353 TI - Nursing in child care. PMID- 3214354 TI - Diploma programs jeopardize future? PMID- 3214355 TI - Sharing research ideas. PMID- 3214357 TI - Health economics: what's in it for nurses? Part I. Why should nurses understand health economics? PMID- 3214356 TI - Domperidone. PMID- 3214358 TI - Cystic fibrosis: guiding the family. PMID- 3214359 TI - Unemployed youth: a major health hazard. PMID- 3214361 TI - A comparison of higher duties provisions. PMID- 3214360 TI - The nursing process: a mini-course. PMID- 3214362 TI - RANF's Federal Award at a glance. PMID- 3214363 TI - A tragic death inspires action. PMID- 3214365 TI - Health economics: what's in it for nurses? Part III. PMID- 3214364 TI - Analgesic guidelines. Part II. PMID- 3214366 TI - Hepatotoxicity to dogs of horse meat contaminated with indospicine. AB - An outbreak of liver disease which killed more than 30 dogs at Alice Springs was associated with feeding meat from horses, some of which had developed Indigofera linnaei poisoning (Birdsville horse disease). Affected livers were small, nodular and yellow. There was associated jaundice, ascites, elevation of alanine aminotransferase levels in serum, a tendency to bleed, and signs of hepatic encephalopathy. Histologically, livers showed periacinar necrosis, collapse and haemorrhage, with severe swelling, vacuolation and cholestasis in remaining hepatocytes. Indospicine, a toxic amino acid found in the genus Indigofera, was detected in samples of suspect horsemeat. Experimental feeding of horsemeat containing 16 mg indospicine/kg for 32 days produced periacinar necrosis and hepatocellular swelling in 2 dogs, although neither died nor showed clinical illness. In another experiment, intakes of as little as 0.13 mg indospicine/kg bodyweight/day for 70 days produced periacinar liver lesions, and indospicine concentrations in serum, muscle and liver rose during this period to 3.9, 7.9 and 17.5 mg/kg, respectively. It was concluded that meat from horses grazing I. linnaei can be hepatotoxic for dogs, and that this toxicity may be related to its indospicine content. PMID- 3214367 TI - Cardiomyopathy and woolly haircoat syndrome of Poll Hereford cattle: electrocardiographic findings in affected and unaffected calves. AB - Electrocardiograms were recorded from 4 calves with cardiomyopathy and woolly haircoat syndrome (CWH), a lethal autosomal recessive trait of Poll Hereford cattle and from 9 unaffected calves. Electrocardiograms of calves with CWH were characterised by multifocal ventricular premature contractions which occurred singly, in pairs, in runs and as episodes of ventricular tachycardia. Bigeminal rhythms were recorded occasionally. The frequency of ventricular premature contractions ranged from 5 to 120.min-1. Ventricular premature contractions in calves with CWH were attributed to myocardial degeneration and fibrosis which were observed grossly and microscopically. Electrocardiograms in unaffected calves were characterised by normal sinus rhythm and by variation in the morphology of wave forms between animals. The durations of the various wave forms were less than those previously recorded from adult cattle. PMID- 3214368 TI - The use of relative value studies in the determination of veterinary fees. AB - This paper discusses the methods which veterinarians in Australia use to calculate their fees and charges. Problems associated with these methods and the tendency to undervalue the professional component of veterinary services are discussed. The paper introduces the concept of a relative value study of veterinary professional services within Australia and recommends the development of a relative value scale and conversion factors, based on appropriate resource cost accounting methodology, as a method to quantify veterinary professional service charges. A relative value scale is a table of "weights" that defines the relative value of procedures or services one to the other. A conversion factor is used to change the relative value unit to a dollar price and thus convert a relative value scale to a fee schedule. The Australian Veterinary Association is suggested as the most appropriate organisation to initiate and co-ordinate the research necessary for the development of these recommendations on a national basis. PMID- 3214369 TI - Vaccination as a possible means of preventing lantana poisoning. AB - The toxic triterpene acids lantadene A and lantadene B were isolated from Lantana camara and conjugated to bovine serum albumen or haemocyanin. The conjugates were emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant and injected into sheep and cattle. Vaccinated animals produced antibodies against the toxic compounds. Cholestasis was less severe in vaccinated than in non-vaccinated sheep challenged with a toxic dose of lantana. The results indicated a mild protective effect of vaccination against the hepatotoxic effects of lantana toxins. PMID- 3214370 TI - Nervous disease associated with coccidiosis in young cattle. AB - Four cases are described of nervous disease associated with coccidiosis in young cattle. Prodromal nystagmus, ventromedial strabismus, sternal or lateral recumbency with contortions of the head and neck, near normal interictal periods and palpable proctitis were common findings. Differentiation from other nervous disorders in young cattle and the pathogenesis of the nervous signs associated with coccidiosis are discussed. It is suggested that the clinical picture is sufficiently distinctive to allow a diagnosis to be made on clinical grounds alone. PMID- 3214371 TI - Precordial heart score. PMID- 3214372 TI - Rapid detection of group specific influenza A virus antigen. PMID- 3214374 TI - Infertility in 2 Murray Grey bulls associated with abaxial and swollen midpiece sperm defects. PMID- 3214373 TI - Effects of parasitism and of supplementing ewes with methyl methionine hydroxy analogue on the wool production of their lambs as adults. PMID- 3214375 TI - Serological classification of Australian and South African isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum. PMID- 3214376 TI - Advances in in-vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer in cattle. PMID- 3214377 TI - Educational challenges for the professions. PMID- 3214378 TI - Epidural bupivacaine-pethidine mixture clinical experience using a low-dose combination in labour. AB - In an attempt to overcome some of the undesirable side-effects and sequelae traditionally associated with epidural analgesia, various mixtures containing bupivacaine and pethidine have been examined during labour. Preliminary investigations suggested that a mixture containing bupivacaine 0.125% was the most promising combination, and accordingly a prospective survey was conducted in order to assess this mixture further; 100 mothers were included in the survey and clinical assessment included analgesic efficacy, side-effects, degree of mobility, obstetric outcome and patient satisfaction. Ninety per cent of mothers described their pain relief as satisfactory following the initial dose and 67% chose to receive this mixture alone throughout labour. Among those who delivered vaginally, delivery occurred spontaneously in 63% of primiparas and 90% of multiparas. Urinary catheterization was required in only 10% of spontaneous deliveries. Mean umbilical vein blood concentrations at birth among 48 neonates were 0.12 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L respectively for pethidine and bupivacaine. Despite, in some cases, recall of severe pain at delivery patient satisfaction was extremely high. Reasons given for this high approval rating included the quality of analgesia, mood elevation, mobility, and feeling aware or in control during labour. PMID- 3214379 TI - Mode of delivery of preterm twins. AB - At one high-risk perinatal centre over a 9-year period, 83.1% (103/124) sets of liveborn twins with gestational ages less than 33 weeks were delivered vaginally. Mortality in vaginal births was 26.7% (55/206), almost double that of Caesarean births of 14.3% (6/42), a non-significant difference. When gestational age discrepancies were corrected, however, the trend favouring survival of Caesarean births disappeared. Furthermore, there were no significant associations between mode of delivery and the condition of the infants at birth, or the presence of respiratory distress in the nursery. Because Caesarean section carries substantial risks for the mother our practice of predominantly vaginal deliveries for preterm twins should continue. PMID- 3214380 TI - Acute puerperal inversion of the uterus--an obstetric emergency. AB - Over a 17-year period, 15 patients with acute puerperal inversion of the uterus were managed at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, an incidence of 1 in 4,836 deliveries. Injudicious traction on the umbilical cord before the uterus was well contracted, was probably the most important causative factor. Haemorrhage was more severe when removal of the placenta was done prior to correction of the inversion. Either the hydrostatic method or manual replacement were used but more often a combination of both techniques was found necessary. With careful management of the third stage of labour, this complication can be avoided. PMID- 3214381 TI - Maternal mortality in Bahrain with special reference to sickle cell disease. AB - The maternal mortality in Bahrain during the 10-year period, 1977-1986, was 33.9 per 100,000 livebirths; the second 5-year period showed a significant reduction (26.9) compared to the first 5-year period (42.3). Haemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and infection were the main causes of maternal mortality. Sickle cell disease was found to be an underlying cause in about one third of the maternal deaths. Avoidable factors were present in 38% of the cases, the majority being due to the failure of the patients to seek medical care or follow medical advice. Health education, premarital counselling and family planning were identified as significant factors in reducing the maternal mortality rate. PMID- 3214382 TI - Chorioamnionitis: how useful is the determination of C-reactive protein? AB - This study was designed to derive the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in peripheral venous serum of patients admitted to hospital with suspected premature rupture of the membranes (PROM). CRP was assayed by each of 4 separate methods and the results have been compared for accuracy and practical value with respect to clinical outcome and the histopathology of the placenta. Of the 4 techniques used only the latex test had characteristics suitable for a diagnostic screen. While the results were only semiquantitative, when comparisons were made to other techniques no significant change in clinical diagnosis would have been made. The results have confirmed that chorioamnionitis and preterm labour are often associated, but in some instances the extent of inflammatory infiltration was greater than might have been expected from the short time interval between documented membrane rupture and delivery. Thus it may be speculated that some cases of PROM are secondary to, rather than causative of, infection. Finally it is suggested that a controlled therapeutic trial of active intervention in those cases of PROM with elevated CRP in the absence of other clinical parameters suggestive of intrauterine infection should be undertaken. PMID- 3214384 TI - Obstetric high risk screening and prediction of neonatal morbidity. AB - A retrospective study using an obstetric risk score protocol was applied to a stratified sequential sample of 843 singleton livebirths, occurring in the Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, over a 12-month period (March, 1985-February, 1986). Data collection included 53 prenatal factors, 41 intrapartum factors and 37 neonatal factors. The study was comprised of 346 women admitted to the hospital birth centre and 497 women admitted to labour ward. In labour ward admitted women there was a significant association between high prenatal scores, high intrapartum scores and high neonatal morbidity scores. Women admitted to the birth centre were subjected to a screening procedure which resulted in low prenatal and relatively low intrapartum risk scores. However, neonatal morbidity scores were similar for both groups. The risk scoring protocol used in this study requires further revision to allow the adequate selection of low risk women delivering infants with a low risk of neonatal morbidity in a low risk obstetric setting. PMID- 3214383 TI - Lamicel is more effective in preparing the cervix for midtrimester termination of pregnancy than Laminaria japonicum. AB - Laminaria tents are often used prior to prostaglandin termination of midtrimester pregnancy to reduce the induction-abortion interval. Natural laminaria suffers from a number of disadvantages and, recently, a synthetic form Lamicel (Cabot Medical, PA), has been produced. Uncontrolled evaluation has suggested that it is effective for dilating the cervix but scepticism remains because Lamicel does not exert radial force on the cervical canal. One hundred women who requested abortion between 12 and 24 weeks of pregnancy were studied. They were randomly divided into group A who had a Lamicel inserted for 6 hours and group B who had a laminaria tent inserted for 8 hours. The cervical dilatation was assessed at the end of this period and the patients were then given up to 6 injections of sulprostone at 4-hourly intervals. All patients in Group A aborted, but 7 of those in Group B did not. The mean cervical dilatation in Group A was 7.47 +/- 1.46 mm compared with 4.71 +/- 1.76 mm in Group B (p less than 0.001). The mean induction-abortion interval in Group A was also significantly shorter (p less than 0.05) than that in Group B: 11.79 +/- 7.24 hours compared with 12.51 +/- 6.52 hours in Group B (excluding 7 patients who failed to abort in Group B). The results of the study suggest that the degree of cervical dilatation that can be achieved using Lamicel is significantly greater than that by laminaria tents. PMID- 3214385 TI - Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: clinical features and diagnosis. AB - Five cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy are described. These are the only recognized cases of this disorder occurring in a 2 year period in Western Australia. Clinical and laboratory features are presented. There was no maternal death. Of the six babies, there were three intrauterine deaths, including the only set of twins. All the babies were male. Vomiting in the third trimester was the chief presenting feature in all cases, often accompanied by a systemic illness with malaise and tiredness. Extreme polydipsia was noted as a prominent symptom in all cases. The combination of moderately abnormal liver function tests, extreme leucocytosis with other blood film abnormalities, hypoglycaemia, impaired renal function, coagulopathy and gross elevation of uric acid level is regarded as highly suggestive of the diagnosis. Features of a preeclamptic illness were present in several cases. Three of the patients have since had uneventful pregnancies. The constellation of clinical and laboratory features is sufficiently characteristic to allow accurate clinical diagnosis in most cases of this disorder. The chances of both maternal and fetal survival are enhanced by early diagnosis allowing intervention in the form of prompt delivery of the infant. PMID- 3214386 TI - Suppression of puerperal lactation using jasmine flowers (Jasminum sambac). AB - The efficacy of jasmine flowers (Jasminum Sambac) applied to the breasts to suppress puerperal lactation was compared that of Bromocriptine. Effectiveness of both regimens was monitored by serum prolactin levels, clinical evaluation of the degree of breast engorgement and milk production and the analgesic intake. While both bromocriptine and jasmine flowers brought about a significant reduction in serum prolactin, the decrease was significantly greater with bromocriptine. However, clinical parameters such as breast engorgement, milk production and analgesic intake showed the 2 modes of therapy to be equally effective. The failure rates of the 2 regimens to suppress lactation were similar; however, rebound lactation occurred in a small proportion of women treated with bromocriptine. Jasmine flowers seem to be an effective and inexpensive method of suppressing puerperal lactation and can be used as an alternative in situations where cost and nonavailability restrict the use of bromocriptine. PMID- 3214387 TI - Adenomyosis uteri: a study of 416 cases. AB - Adenomyosis was noted in 16% of 2,616 consecutive hysterectomy specimens examined during a 7-year period. Multiparas between the ages of 30 and 50 years were most commonly affected. Abnormal uterine bleeding was the common symptom. Myohyperplasia and leiomyomas were the usual associated lesions. Adenomyosis uteri was seen equally in women of African, Indian and mixed races in this West Indian population. PMID- 3214388 TI - Intravenous clonazepam in eclampsia. AB - A case of postpartum eclampsia is reported, controlled by intravenous clonazepam, a benzodiazepine anticonvulsant. Clonazepam was effective in controlling the myoclonic jerks, which were a feature in this patient, without producing excessive sedation. The literature reveals several reports on the use of clonazepam in severe preeclampsia, but its use in Australia has not been widely employed. PMID- 3214390 TI - Can anything be done about mid-trimester fetal wastage. PMID- 3214391 TI - Re: A survey of Monash University undergraduate's knowledge and attitudes concerning the early human embryo. PMID- 3214389 TI - Report of adverse drug reaction editorial comment. Prilocaine hydrochloride and neonatal methemoglobinemia. PMID- 3214392 TI - Colonic adenocarcinoma presenting with vaginal bleeding. PMID- 3214393 TI - Accurate and inaccurate predictions of pain. PMID- 3214394 TI - Cognitive factors in social anxiety and its treatment. PMID- 3214395 TI - Specificity and psychosocial correlates of blood/injury fear and fainting. PMID- 3214396 TI - Affect modification through evaluative conditioning with music. PMID- 3214397 TI - Behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsives: inpatient vs outpatient. PMID- 3214398 TI - The structure of assertiveness: a confirmatory approach. PMID- 3214399 TI - Anxiety sensitivity, injury sensitivity, and individual differences in fearfulness. PMID- 3214400 TI - Habit reversal for the treatment of Tourette syndrome. PMID- 3214401 TI - The relationship between headaches and mood. PMID- 3214402 TI - [Dupuytren's contracture--lessons and experiences]. PMID- 3214403 TI - [The effectiveness of the Slocum and Larson pes anserinus transfer]. PMID- 3214404 TI - [Reoperations in aseptic loosening of endoprostheses of the hip joint]. PMID- 3214405 TI - [Dislocation of the os naviculare pedis following basal lamella rupture caused by tarsal sprain]. PMID- 3214406 TI - [Joint washing--a treatment possibility in active arthritis]. PMID- 3214407 TI - [Distraction epiphysiolysis of the proximal tibia using the Berlin external fixator--experiences and results]. PMID- 3214408 TI - [Results of treatment following operative therapy of fibular ligament ruptures of the upper ankle joint]. PMID- 3214410 TI - [Objective assessment of morphofunctional lateral differences in the musculature of the extensor knee system in internal knee damage]. PMID- 3214409 TI - [Diabetic arthropathy]. PMID- 3214411 TI - [Fitness evaluation and preliminary occupational medicine examination in employment with increased mechanical stress on the spine]. PMID- 3214412 TI - [A method of defined partial load on the lower extremity]. PMID- 3214413 TI - [Orthosis for the upper extremity]. PMID- 3214414 TI - Human stomach alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH): a genetic model proposed for ALDH III isozymes. AB - Isozyme phenotypes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) from human gastroendoscopic as well as surgical gastric biopsies were determined by starch gel electrophoresis and agarose isoelectric focusing. gamma gamma ADH isozymes were expressed predominantly in the mucosal layer of the stomach, whereas beta beta isozymes were in the muscular layer. In the 56 gastroendoscopic mucosal biopsies examined, the homozygous ADH3 1-1 phenotype was found in 75% of the samples, and the heterozygous ADH3 2-1 phenotype in 25%. Accordingly, the gene frequencies of the alleles ADH1/3 and ADH2/3 were calculated to be 0.88 and 0.12, respectively. Using a modified agarose isoelectric focusing procedure, gastric ALDH I, ALDH II, and up to five ALDH III forms could be clearly resolved. The ALDH III isozymes accounted for more than 80% of the total ALDH activities in gastric mucosa and exhibited Km values in the millimolar range for propionaldehyde at pH 9.0. Forty-five percent of the 55 gastroendoscopic biopsies studied lacked ALDH I isozyme. The complex gastric ALDH III isozyme phenotypes seen in these biopsies fall into three patterns. They can be interpreted by a genetic hypothesis, based on a dimeric molecule, in which there are two separate genes, ALDH3a and ALDH3b, with the ALDH3b locus exhibiting polymorphism. The homozygous phenotypes ALDH3b 1-1 and ALDH3b 2-2 were found to be 4 and 76%, respectively, and the heterozygous ALDH3b 2-1 phenotype 20%, of the total. Therefore, the allele frequencies for ALDH1/3b and ALDH2/3b were calculated to be 0.14 and 0.86, respectively. Several lines of biochemical evidence consistent with this genetic model are discussed. PMID- 3214415 TI - Rat alkaline phosphatase: the identification of a new allele. PMID- 3214416 TI - The genetics and expression of an esterase locus in Anopheles gambiae. AB - The main polymorphic system of esterase isoenzymes in adults of the G3 laboratory strain of Anopheles gambiae consists of two to five major bands of activity per individual. The bands are designated 5S, 5F, 13, 14, and 15. In genetic crosses, the genes which coded for the bands assorted as three codominant alleles, Est A, Est B, and Est C, at a single autosomal locus. Homozygotes for the Est C allele were significantly underrepresented among backcross progeny. The developmental pattern of esterase expression was examined. Esterase gene expression in embryos was first detectable between 2 and 12 hr after oviposition. The initiation or termination of expression of some of the bands corresponded to boundaries between developmental stages. Most of the esterase fractions were not specifically localized within the tissues tested, with the exception of a series of bands which were restricted largely to adult male testes. PMID- 3214417 TI - Rapid isolation of mitochondrial DNA from Drosophila adults. PMID- 3214418 TI - A map of barley chromosome 2 using isozymic and morphological markers. AB - The F2 progeny of a cross between a chromosome 2 multiple marker stock and an adapted cultivar of barley were analyzed for four morphological markers and electrophoretic patterns of eight leaf isozymes. The Idh-2 locus was linked to the Per-5 locus (27.96 +/- 5.07 cM) and to the e locus (10.26 +/- 3.13 cM). Also, the Per-5 and e loci were located on the short arm of chromosome 2. In addition Idh-2 was also located on barley chromosome 2 and was linked to the v locus (13.18 +/- 3.56 cM), which is located on the long arm of chromosome 2. Two other marker genes, li and wst,,B, were linked (26.50 +/- 5.24 cM) on chromosome 2 but segregate independently of the other loci evaluated. PMID- 3214419 TI - Heterosis in body weight and muscle protein turnover rate in the coturnix quail. PMID- 3214420 TI - Characterization and N-terminal sequence of human platelet proteoglycan. AB - Human platelet proteoglycan (P.PG) was prepared from a 4 M-guanidinium chloride platelet extract in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. The purification procedure included CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography and f.p.l.c. on a Mono Q HR 5/5 column. P.PG was recovered as a polydisperse molecule, but the protein core appeared to be at least 90% homogeneous. This observation could be due to partial proteolysis of the core protein during extraction. The N-terminal sequence of the human P.PG core protein was determined up to residue 66 and was shown to be highly homologous to the propeptide of an embryonic rat yolk-sac tumour proteoglycan (PG19); the significance of this homology is discussed. PMID- 3214421 TI - Purification of phosphate-dependent glutaminase from isolated mitochondria of Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells. AB - Phosphate-dependent glutaminase was purified to homogeneity from isolated mitochondria of Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells. The enzyme had an Mr of 135,000 as judged by chromatography on Sephacryl S-300. SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis displayed two protein bands, with Mr values of 64,000 and 56,000. Two major immunoreactive peptides of Mr values of 65,000 and 57,000 were found by immunoblot analysis using anti-(rat kidney glutaminase) antibodies. The concentration-dependences for both glutamine and phosphate were sigmoidal, with S0.5 values of 7.6 mM and 48 mM, and Hill coefficients of 1.5 and 1.6, respectively. The glutaminase pH optimum was 9. The activation energy of the enzymic reaction was 58 kJ/mol. The enzyme showed a high specificity towards glutamine. A possible explanation for the different kinetic behaviour found for purified enzyme and for isolated mitochondria [Kovacevic (1974) Cancer Res. 34, 3403-3407] should be that a conformational change occurs when the enzyme is extracted from the mitochondrial inner membrane. PMID- 3214422 TI - Subcellular localization of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase C4 in rat and mouse spermatozoa. AB - Spermatozoa isolated from rat and mouse epididymes show a relatively high branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (leucine aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.6) activity. There is a significant reduction of leucine aminotransferase and of the isoenzyme C4 of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in the gametes during their epididymal transit. Studies of patterns of liberation of the leucine aminotransferase and of the lactate dehydrogenase C4 from intact spermatozoa, treated with increasing concentrations of digitonin, indicate that both enzymes have the same dual subcellular location, i.e. in the cytosol and in the mitochondria. PMID- 3214424 TI - Studies on the unusual behaviour of bovine liver UDP-glucose dehydrogenase in assays at acid and neutral pH and on the presence of tightly bound nucleotide material in purified preparations of this enzyme. AB - Assays of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase at pH 6.0 show long (10-15 min) lag periods before the steady-state rate is established, but at pH 9.0 no lag is observed. At intermediate pH values the lag is progressively shorter as the pH becomes more alkaline. The behaviour of the enzyme in assays at neutral and acid pH depends on the pH and concentration of the enzyme used to initiate the assay. The steady state rate at pH 6.0 is strongly concentration-dependent. It is suggested that these phenomena arise because of the slow dissociation of an inactive enzyme species to an active one. Purified preparations of the enzyme release approx. 1 mol of a UDP-sugar/mol of enzyme subunit on denaturation. The identity of the UDP sugar is unknown. PMID- 3214423 TI - Oxidative side-chain and ring fission of pregnanes by Arthrobacter simplex. AB - Metabolic processes involving side-chain and ring cleavage of progesterone, 17 hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol and 16-dehydropregnenolone by Arthrobacter simplex were studied. The formation of the metabolites from progesterone indicates a pathway somewhat different from normal in the enzymic reaction sequence, and the 17-hydroxyprogesterone metabolites reveal a non-enzymic rearrangement step. The presence of a hydroxy group at C-21, as in 11 deoxycortisol, induces reduction of the C-20 carbonyl group. The microbial preparation of a novel androstane analogue, 17 beta-hydroxy-16 alpha methoxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one, by incubation of 16-dehydropregnenolone with the bacterial strain was achieved. The formation of this metabolite is a multistep process involving a novel microbial generation of a methoxy group from a double bond transformation in a steroid skeleton. PMID- 3214426 TI - Carrot cells detoxify N-phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartate by esterification. AB - Unlike bacterial and mammalian cells, carrot cells are able to tolerate N phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA), a potential inhibitor of pyrimidine biosynthesis, by detoxifying the compound. Anion-exchange chromatography showed that detoxified PALA was less negatively charged than PALA, and allowed detoxified PALA to be isolated. Incubation of detoxified PALA with a low specificity carboxylic-ester hydrolase fully restored the ability to inhibit aspartate transcarbamoylase, the target enzyme, indicating that the detoxification involves the formation of carboxylic ester. G.1.c. analysis of the alcohol products of enzymic hydrolysis, and of their ratio to PALA, showed that the detoxification produced a mixture of mono- and di-carboxylic esters and of methyl and ethyl esters. The detoxification mechanism showed considerable specificity towards PALA, since the analogous carboxy groups of succinate were not modified in the same way. Succinate was depleted much more slowly, no succinate esters could be detected, and the presence of a 10-fold excess of succinate did not inhibit the esterification rate of PALA. The possible significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 3214425 TI - Hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate catalysed by bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease. AB - The ability of bovine pancreatic DNAase to hydrolyse the synthetic substrate p nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate (NPPP) is intrinsic and is not due to the contamination of the DNAase preparation by nonspecific phosphodiesterases because the activities of DNA and NPPP hydrolysis are co-eluted from a DEAE-cellulose column with use of the Ca2+-affinity elution method and because the two activities are decreased simultaneously when the purified enzyme is treated with Cu2+/iodoacetate, an active-site-labelling agent for DNAase. NPPP hydrolysis is facilitated by the metal ion-DNAase. At relatively high Na+ concentrations, where the metal ion-DNA interaction is weak, DNA hydrolysis is also facilitated by the metal ion-DNAase. With NPPP as substrate the Michaelis constants are Km 3.7 mM for Mn2+ and Km 49 mM for Mg2+ in 0.2 M-Tris/HCl buffer, pH 7.2. Ca2+ competes with Mn2+, with Ki 64 mM. Free Cu2+ ions non-competitively inhibit DNAase catalysed DNA or NPPP hydrolysis in the presence of Mn2+ or Mg2+ and the inhibition is not relieved by Ca2+. The affinity of Cu2+ for free DNAase is higher than that for Mn2+-DNAase. Mn2+ is not bound to DNAase via a simple ionic interaction, as Mn2+ remains bound in the presence of relatively high Na+ concentrations and induces a near-u.v. difference absorption spectrum. The kinetics of NPPP hydrolysis catalysed by Mn2+-DNAase are sigmoidal. From the Hill equation, h = 2.0 is obtained, suggesting that more than two NPPP molecules are bound per molecule of DNAase with a certain amount of co-operativity. Because DNAase in solution is a monomer with a single catalytic site, the multiple NPPP molecules on a single protein molecule are probably in one location, resulting in a co-operative interaction that may resemble that in the stacked base-pairs of double-helical DNA. PMID- 3214427 TI - Egasyn affects the processing of beta-glucuronidase in mouse liver. AB - Three differently modified forms of beta-glucuronidase are known to exist: a microsomal enzyme form (M) existing in tissues where egasyn, a second microsomal protein, is present; and an acidic (La; complex-type oligosaccharide) and a basic (Lb; non-complex type oligosaccharide) lysosomal form which occur in all mouse tissues. Lb predominates in tissues containing microsomal beta-glucuronidase, La in those lacking it. In pulse-labelling experiments using mouse strain C57BL/6 liver containing egasyn (Eg+/Eg+) and microsomal enzyme, about half of the newly synthesized beta-glucuronidase was processed to the microsomal enzyme form, which was evidently further processed to Lb, and about half directly to La. In contrast, in liver of the congenic line C57BL/6.YBR Es-1b Eg0 that lacks egasyn (Eg0/Eg0) and microsomal enzyme, most of the labelled beta-glucuronidase was processed to La, and only a minor portion to Lb. Newly synthesized enzyme appeared first in microsomal, then in light and heavy lysosomal fractions of Eg+/Eg+ liver. In Eg0/Eg0 liver, no labelled enzyme was measurable in the microsomes, but it appeared rapidly in both types of lysosomes. Taken together these findings indicate that the microsomal enzyme form serves as a precursor of Lb, and that La is synthesized independently. The apparent half-life of La is only two-thirds that of Lb; this fact accounts for the reduced beta-glucuronidase activity in Eg0/Eg0 liver, which contains La as the predominant form. PMID- 3214428 TI - A cell-associated oligo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase from an extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacterium, Thermoanaerobium Tok6-B1. AB - Cell-associated oligo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.10) was isolated from Thermoanaerobium Tok6-B1 grown on starch-containing medium. Activity was purified 11.4-fold by salt precipitation, gel filtration, hydroxyapatite and anion exchange chromatography. Molecular mass was determined as 30,000 by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and 33,000 by analytical gel filtration. The probable order of specificity was p-nitrophenyl-alpha D-glucose greater than isomaltose greater than-isomaltotriose greater than-panose greater than-nigerose and no activity was shown against malto-oligosaccharides, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, cellobiose, sophorose, gentiobiose, lactose, pullulan, dextran or amylose. The optima for activity and stability were between pH 5.6 and 7.0 and the half-life at pH 6.5 was 1000 min at 70 degrees C and 20 min at 76 degrees C. Activity was stabilized by substrate, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Ca2+, but was destabilized by Zn2+ and EDTA. N-Ethylmaleimide, glucose and 1-O-methyl-alpha D-glucose were inhibitory but 1-O-methyl-beta D-glucose stimulated activity. The activation energy (Ea) was 109 kJ/mol. PMID- 3214429 TI - The role of cellulase concentration in determining the degree of synergism in the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose. AB - Microcrystalline cellulose (10 mg of Avicel/ml) was hydrolysed to glucose by different concentrations of the purified cellulase components endoglucanase (EG) II and cellobiohydrolases (CBH) I and II, alone and in combination with each other, in the presence of excess beta-glucosidase. At a concentration of 360 micrograms/ml (160 micrograms of EG II/ml, 100 micrograms of CBH I/ml and 100 micrograms of CBH II/ml) the degree of synergism among them was negligible. As the concentration of cellulase decreased, the degree of synergism increased, reaching an optimum at 20 micrograms/ml (5 micrograms of EG II/ml, 10 micrograms of CBH I/ml and 5 micrograms of CBH II/ml). There was no apparent relationship between the ratio of the components and the degree of synergism. The latter is probably due, though it could not be proved, to the level of saturation of the substrate with each component. Inhibition of Avicel hydrolysis was observed when the substrate was incubated with saturating and nonsaturating concentrations of a mixture of EG II and CBH I respectively. A similar result was also observed with a combination of EG I and EG II. PMID- 3214430 TI - Hydrophobic-cluster analysis of plant protein sequences. A domain homology between storage and lipid-transfer proteins. AB - Hydrophobic-cluster analysis was used to characterize a conserved domain located near the C-terminal amino acid sequence of wheat (Triticum aestivum) storage proteins. This domain was transformed into a linear template for a global search for similarities in over 5200 protein sequences. In addition to proteins that had already been found to exhibit homology to wheat storage proteins, a previously unreported homology was found with non-specific lipid-transfer proteins from castor bean (Ricinus communis) and from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaf. Hydrophobic-cluster analysis of various members of the present protein group clearly shows a typical domain structure where (i) variable and conserved domains are located along the sequence at precise positions, (ii) the conserved domains probably reflect a common ancestor, and (iii) the unique properties of a given protein (chain cut into subunits, repetitive domains, trypsin-inhibitor active site) are associated with the variable domains. PMID- 3214431 TI - Selective elution of rodent glutathione S-transferases and glyoxalase I from the S-hexyglutathione-Sepharose affinity matrix. AB - 1. The major hepatic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) from gerbil, guinea-pig, hamster, mouse and rat comprise Ya- (Mr 25,500-25,800), Yb- (Mr 26,100-26,400), Yc- (Mr 27,000-27,500) and Yf- (Mr 24,800) type subunits. 2. In all rodent species the GST subunits possess characteristic affinities for S-hexyglutathione Sepharose and are eluted at distinct positions when a gradient of counter-ligand is employed to develop this affinity gel. The enzymes that bind to this matrix can be eluted, according to their subunit composition, in the order Ya-, Yc-, Yf- and Yb-containing GST; glyoxalase I, also retained by S-hexylglutathione Sepharose, is eluted after the major GST YbYb peak. 3. Conditions are also described for the isocratic affinity elution of S-hexylglutathione-Sepharose that allow rat GST to be divided into four separate fractions (pools 1-4). A further fraction (pool 5) can be prepared from material that does not bind S hexylglutathione-Sepharose and is obtained by chromatography on glutathione Sepharose. 4. The sequential use of S-hexylglutathione-Sepharose and glutathione Sepharose has facilitated the isolation of novel GSTs by enriching the various affinity-purified fractions with different subunits. This strategy allowed the Yk (Mr 25,000) and Yo (Mr 26,500) subunits from rat testis as well as Y1 (Mr 25,700) from rat kidney to be rapidly purified. 5. The binding properties of GST subunits for S-hexylglutathione-Sepharose have been compared with their Km values for GSH. The elution order from this matrix is inversely related to the Km value. The GSTs that do not bind to S-hexylglutathione-Sepharose have considerably higher Km values for GSH (i.e. greater than 2.0 mM) than do those enzymes that readily bind to the affinity gel (i.e. 0.13-0.77 mM). GST YkYk and YoYo, which have weak affinities for S-hexylglutathione-Sepharose, possess intermediate Km values for GSH of 1.0 and 1.2 mM respectively. PMID- 3214432 TI - Secretion and storage of newly synthesized hepatic triacylglycerol fatty acids in vivo in different nutritional states and in diabetes. AB - Hepatic lipid synthesis was measured in rats in vivo with 3H2O, and the appearance of label in triacylglycerol and its constituent fatty acid and glycerol moieties was determined. In rats treated with Triton WR1339, the amount of newly synthesized fatty acid secreted as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol was greater during the dark phase of the diurnal cycle than during the light phase (11.3 versus 4.8 mumol of 3H2O/3 h per g of liver respectively). However, the total mass of VLDL triacylglycerol secreted remained constant, as did the amount of label in the secreted triacylglycerol glycerol. Newly synthesized fatty acids comprised only a small proportion of the total VLDL triacylglycerol fatty acids (TGFA) at both times (dark phase, 7.7%; light phase, 2.4%). Starvation for 24 h resulted in a small increase in the secretion of VLDL triacylglycerol. However, the contribution from newly synthesized fatty acids was decreased. Similar effects were observed in streptozotocin-diabetic animals. During the light and dark phases of the cycle, similar quantities of newly synthesized TGFA entered the hepatic cytosol, and these amounts were much smaller than those secreted as VLDL triacylglycerol. The mass of cytosolic triacylglycerol showed a diurnal variation, with a greater concentration during the light phase than in the dark. In diabetes, the mass of triacylglycerol was increased in the cytosol, as was the incorporation of labelled acylglycerol glycerol. Diabetes also abolished the diurnal variation in the quantity of cytosolic triacylglycerol. In each group of animals the specific radioactivity of the microsomal triacylglycerol was similar to that of the respective newly secreted plasma VLDL. The specific radioactivity of the cytosolic triacylglycerol was only 15.8% (dark phase) or 16.8% (light phase) that of the microsomal triacylglycerol. This increased to 35.5% in the starved animals and 40.2% in the diabetic animals. PMID- 3214433 TI - A rapid method for the functional reconstitution of amino acid transport systems from rat liver plasma membranes. Partial purification of System A. AB - A rapid method for the functional reconstruction of amino acid transport from liver plasma-membrane vesicles using the neutral detergent decanoyl-N-glucamide ('MEGA-10') is described. The method is a modification of that previously employed in this laboratory for reconstitution of amino acid transport systems from kidney brush-border membranes [Lynch & McGivan (1987) Biochem. J. 244, 503 508]. The transport activities termed 'System A', 'System N', and 'System L' are all reconstituted. The reconstitution procedure is rapid and efficient and is suitable as an assay for transport activity in studies involving membrane fractionation. By using this reconstitution procedure, System A transport activity was partially purified by lectin-affinity chromatography. PMID- 3214434 TI - The influence of phosphatidate bilayers on pig heart AMP deaminase. Crucial role of pH-dependent lipid-phase transition. AB - Phosphatidate bilayers composed of dilauroylphosphatidate, dimyristoylphosphatidate, dipalmitoylphosphatidate and dioleoylphosphatidate were prepared. Their interaction with AMP deaminase isolated from pig heart was investigated. Dioleoylphosphatidate bilayers were found to exert non-competitive inhibition on the AMP deaminase with a Ki of 15 x 10(-6) M. This inhibition is three orders of magnitude stronger than that exerted by orthophosphate. The phosphatidate species containing saturated fatty acids were either non-inhibitory or inhibited enzyme activity rather poorly. However, alkalinization of the medium from pH 6.5 to pH 7.9 led to the inhibition of pig heart AMP deaminase by dilauroylphosphatidate bilayers. This was accompanied by the fluidization of the saturated phosphatidate species, i.e. the lowering of their phase transition temperature in alkaline pH, as measured by light-scattering and fluorescence scans. The possible significance of these findings for the regulation of AMP deaminase activity in vivo by natural membranes is discussed. PMID- 3214435 TI - Inhibition of glycoprotein oligosaccharide processing in vitro and in influenza virus-infected cells by alpha-D-mannopyranosylmethyl-p-nitrophenyltriazene. AB - The effects of alpha-D-mannopyranosylmethyl-p-nitrophenyltriazene (MMNT) on mannosidases involved in asparagine-linked oligosaccharide processing were investigated. MMNT was found to inhibit the activity of rat liver Golgi alpha mannosidase I in a concentration-dependent manner (50% inhibition with 0.18 mM MMNT), whereas rat liver endoplasmic-reticulum alpha-mannosidase appeared to be resistant (less than 5% inhibition at 1 mM-MMNT). Jack-bean alpha-mannosidase was also sensitive to inhibition by MMNT (50% inhibition with 0.32 mM-MMNT). Treatment of influenza-virus-infected chick-embryo cells with 1 mM-MMNT led to a decrease in the formation of complex-type asparagine-linked oligosaccharides and an accumulation of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides with the composition Man8(GlcNAc)2 and Man7(GlcNAc)2 on the viral glycoproteins. The biological activities of influenza-virus haemagglutinin and neuraminidase synthesized in the presence of 1 mM-MMNT remained unchanged, but the virus was less infectious than the control. PMID- 3214436 TI - A 115 kDa calmodulin-binding protein is located in rat liver endosome fractions. AB - The distribution of calmodulin-binding polypeptides in various rat liver subcellular fractions was investigated. Plasma-membrane, endosome, Golgi and lysosome fractions were prepared by established procedures. The calmodulin binding polypeptides present in the subcellular fractions were identified by using an overlay technique after transfer from gels to nitrocellulose sheets. Distinctive populations of calmodulin-binding polypeptides were present in all the fractions examined except lysosomes. A major 115 kDa calmodulin-binding polypeptide of pI 4.3 was located to the endosome subfractions, and it emerges as a candidate endosome-specific protein. Partitioning of endosome fractions between aqueous and Triton X-114 phases indicated that the calmodulin-binding polypeptide was hydrophobic. Major calmodulin-binding polypeptides of 140 and 240 kDa and minor polypeptides of 40-60 kDa were present in plasma membranes. The distribution of calmodulin in the various endosome and plasma-membrane fractions was also analysed, and the results indicated that the amounts were high compared with those in the cytosol. PMID- 3214438 TI - In vitro activity of flomoxef compared to moxalactam, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and clindamycin against anaerobes. AB - To assess the in vitro activity of flomoxef (6315-S), moxalactam, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and clindamycin against anaerobes 197 clinical isolates (27 Bacteroides fragilis, 42 B. thetaiotaomicron, 10 B. vulgatus, 7 B. ovatus, 6 B. uniformis, 6 B. distasonis, 7 Bacteroides melaninogenicus group, 11 Bacteroides oralis group, 21 Clostridium difficile, 7 C. perfringens, 3 C. sporogenes, 3 Clostridium spp., 33 Propionibacterium acnes, 14 Peptococcaceae) were studied by means of agar dilution tests. The MIC90 of B. fragilis was less than 2 micrograms/ml for flomoxef, less than 4 micrograms/ml for moxalactam, less than 16 micrograms/ml for cefoxitin, less than 128 micrograms/ml for cefotaxime and less than 2 micrograms/ml for clindamycin. The respective MIC90's of B. thetaiotaomicron were less than 64, less than 128, less than 32, less than 256 and 8 micrograms/ml. Strains of the other Bacteroides species and groups were more susceptible to flomoxef and the other antibiotics than B. thetaiotaomicron. Against Clostridium difficile flomoxef (MIC90 less than 4 micrograms/ml) proved to be superior to the other agents tested. Most of the Clostridium strains other than C. difficile were also susceptible to flomoxef; anaerobic grampositive cocci and Propionibacterium acnes were very sensitive (MIC90's less than 1 and less than or equal to 0.125 micrograms/ml, respectively). Its anti-anaerobic activity, together with its efficacy against aerobes, should make flomoxef a useful adjunct to the arsenal of modern antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3214437 TI - [New analgesically-active N'-acylated phenylpiperazines]. AB - Synthesis and pharmacodynamic properties of new analgesic active N'-acylated phenylpiperazines are described. 1-(3-Cyclohexyl-1-oxo-propyl)-4-(2-ethoxyphenyl) piperazine (D 16 120) possesses strong non-opiate antinociceptive activity showing high therapeutic margin with respect to undesired side effects and toxicity. PMID- 3214439 TI - Optimisation of the covalent binding of monoclonal antibodies to liposomes. AB - Liposomes with covalently attached monoclonal antibody (mAb) may be useful for the active targeting of drugs, e.g. cytostatics, to tumor processes. For pharmacokinetic reasons the coupling reaction should be optimized with regard to the loading capacity, the number of IgG-molecules per liposome (N). The relative immunoreactivity of bound versus free mAb (r/r*) and the stability in biological fluids should be maximal, the particle size (phi) should be minimal. Furthermore, the coupling yield of the mAb should be high. This investigation was based on a previously described method, using N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-dithiopropionate for coupling anti-melanoma mAbs to liposomes composed of hydrogenated soybean lecithin, cholesterol and a dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine derivative. Carboxyfluoresceine was used as a marker for the encapsulated phase. By systematic variation of 14 different reaction conditions a product with the following properties was obtained: N = 5, r/r* = 0.4 and phi = 120 nm. The average coupling yield was 39%. The specificity of liposomally bound mAb as assayed in in vitro tests was found to be unchanged. PMID- 3214440 TI - Effects of polidocanol as a constituent of a venous sclerosing agent on cardiac electrical activity. Studies on the isolated perfused heart and papillary muscle of the guinea pig and on the isolated sinus node of the rabbit. AB - The effects of a frequently used sclerosing agent (Sotravarix 6%, main constituent polidocanol 60 mg/ml = 0.1 mol/l) on the electrical activity of the isolated perfused guinea pig heart and on transmembrane potential of isolated papillary muscle and sinus node were studied. Application of the sclerosing agent in a dilution of 1:40,000 (corresponding to polidocanol 2.6 x 10(-6) mol/l) caused a significant decrease in frequency (-27%) and (at constant frequency) a significant delay of the atrioventricular as well as of the intraventricular conduction (+105% or + 210%, resp. n = 4). These effects were only slightly reversible in a 30 min wash-out period. In the isolated papillary muscle, the sclerosing agent (dilution 1:10,000; polidocanol 1 x 10(-5) mol/l) decreased the maximum rate of rise of the action potential and shortened its duration, both by about 10%. In the isolated sinus node the same dilution decreased the spontaneous rate by about 8% mainly by reducing the diastolic depolarization rate (-18%). The effects of the sclerosing agent are attributable to the influence of polidocanol and consist in a blockade of the fast sodium channels (local anesthesia) and in additional inhibitory effects on calcium and/or potassium conductance. PMID- 3214441 TI - The protective effect of Allium sativum and crataegus on isoprenaline-induced tissue necroses in rats. AB - Possible protective effects of Allium sativum and Crataegus--alone and in combination--on isoprenaline (isoproterenol)-induced heart, liver and pancreas damage were studied using rats as test animals. Pretreatment with Allium sativum alone, or in combination with Crataegus, resulted in protective effects on isoprenaline-induced damage of heart, liver, and pancreas. These effects proved to be dose-dependent. The following parameters were used to evaluate the protective effect: Clinical signs, qualitative histological and histoenzymatical findings, as well as quantitative microphotometric determination of enzymatic activities of succinate dehydrogenase, NADH-NBT reductase, acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in cardiac, hepatic and pancreatic tissues. The underlying mechanisms are discussed. The results suggest that Allium sativum, resp. Allium sativum plus Crataegus exert a pronounced protective effect. PMID- 3214442 TI - The pharmacokinetics of nitrendipine. I. Absorption, plasma concentrations, and excretion after single administration of [14C]nitrendipine to rats and dogs. AB - [14C]nitrendipine (3-ethyl 5-methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl) 3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate, Bay e 5009, Baypress, Bayotensin) was administered to rats and dogs (intravenously, orally, intraduodenally, 0.5-50 mg/kg) in order to investigate absorption, disposition, and excretion of parent compound and metabolites. The absorption of radioactivity following oral administration of [14C]nitrendipine was rapid and almost complete in both species. Maximum concentrations of total radioactivity in plasma were reached after 1.2 (rat) or 0.7 h (dog). The radioactivity was eliminated from plasma with terminal half lives of 57 (rat) and 188 h (dog) during an observation period up to 10 and 9 days, respectively. Unchanged nitrendipine contributed to the AUC of total radioactivity only 8-9% after intravenous and 1-2% after oral administration. The bioavailability of nitrendipine after oral administration amounted to 12% in rats and 29% in dogs due to a strong first pass elimination process. About two thirds of the radioactivity administered were excreted via faeces, one third via urine. Distinct sex-differences in the excretion pattern could be found in rats but not in mice. They were attributed to well-known sex differences of the metabolic capacities in rat liver. In rats the radioactivity excreted via bile (about 75% of the dose) was subject to a marked entero-hepatic circulation, about 50% of the amount excreted being reabsorbed. The radioactive residues in the body were low (0.5% of the dose after 2 days in rats; less than or equal to 0.6% after 9 days in dogs). PMID- 3214443 TI - The pharmacokinetics of nitrendipine. II. Distribution to and elimination from organs and tissues of rats and dogs after single or repeated administration of [14C]nitrendipine. AB - [14C]nitrendipine (3-ethyl 5-methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl) 3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate, Bay e 5009, Baypress, Bayotensin) was administered to male rats, pregnant and lactating female rats, and female dogs intravenously or orally once as well as to male rats repeatedly over a period of 4 weeks (rat 5 (and 10) mg/kg, dog approximately 3 mg/kg). The distribution of radioactivity (unchanged compound and metabolites) was investigated using whole-body autoradiography as well as quantitative measurements of the organ and tissue concentrations of radioactivity after necropsy. [14C]nitrendipine was distributed rapidly and heterogeneously into the organs and tissues of rats. Already 24 h after administration most of the radioactivity had reached the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract via biliary secretion. High concentrations were also detectable in liver and kidneys. The radioactivity was eliminated from the tissues with terminal half-lives lying between 52 (plasma) and 360 h (muscle). Only 0.13% of the administered radioactivity was detectable in the body (excl. GI-tract) after 10 days. In dogs, the distribution pattern was similar to that observed in rats. After 28 daily administrations of [14C]nitrendipine to male rats the plasma and tissue equivalent concentrations were 3 (plasma) to 12 times (adipose tissue) higher than after single administration. The half-lives were increased by 20 to 70%, lying between 2 and 15 days. There were no indications for any specific retention of the radioactivity. The radioactivity from [14C]nitrendipine was secreted into the milk of lactating rats and crossed the placental barrier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3214444 TI - Effects of nilvadipine on the cardiovascular system in experimental animals. AB - The effects of 5-isopropyl 3-methyl 2-cyano-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-(m nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (nilvadipine, FR 34235, FK 235) on the cardiovascular system were investigated in isolated organs and whole animals. 1. Nilvadipine inhibited Ca2+-induced contractions of isolated dog coronary artery in high-K+, Ca2+-free medium, and the pA2 value was 10.64. In this effect, nilvadipine was 18 times more potent than nifedipine and 525 times more potent than diltiazem. In contrast, its inhibitory effect on Ca2+-induced contractions of isolated guinea pig atria was weaker (pA2:8.2): only twice that of nifedipine and 25 times that of diltiazem. 2. Nilvadipine also inhibited K+-induced 45Ca2+ uptake in isolated dog coronary arteries and isolated guinea pig atria. In the coronary arteries, the IC50 value of nilvadipine was 2.7 x 10(-10) mol/l, which was, respectively 17, 8, and 589 times lower than that of nifedipine, nicardipine and diltiazem. In the atria, on the other hand, the IC50 value of nilvadipine was 4.4 x 10(-9) mol/l, almost the same as that of nifedipine or nicardipine, and 47 times lower than that of diltiazem. These 45Ca2+ uptake inhibitory effects of the drugs were consistent with their effects on mechanical response in both tissues. 3. Nilvadipine (2.6 x 10(-10) mol/l and higher) dose-dependently inhibited ergometrine (ergonovine)-, serotonin-, and norepinephrine-induced contractions of isolated dog coronary artery, and its effects were 2 to 450 times more potent than those of nifedipine, nicardipine and diltiazem. 4. Nilvadipine (2.6 x 10(-8) mol/l or more, 32 micrograms/heart or more), like nifedipine, produced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in isolated guinea pig atria and in dog heart lung preparation, and was more potent than nifedipine in the negative chronotropic effect. 5. Nilvadipine in intravenous doses of 1-32 micrograms/kg decreased total peripheral resistance and systemic blood pressure, and slightly increased cardiac output, pulmonary arterial blood flow and stroke volume, but had no significant effects on pulmonary vascular resistance or pulmonary arterial blood pressure. Heart rate decreased at doses of 32 micrograms/kg or more. Nifedipine had almost the same effects as nilvadipine on total peripheral resistance and blood pressure, but was more potent than nilvadipine in increasing effects on cardiac output, stroke volume and pulmonary arterial blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3214445 TI - Pharmacokinetics of coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin in the rhesus monkey after intravenous and peroral administration. AB - Coumarin (C, Venalot) and 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-OHC) were administered in a dose of 1 mg/kg to rhesus monkeys intravenously and perorally. The concentrations of C, 7-OHC and their metabolite, 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide (7-OHCG) were measured in whole blood. The terminal half-life, t1/2, the apparent distribution volume, Vd, and the total clearance, CL, of C and 7-OHC after i.v. administration are 1.64 +/- 0.41 h and 0.8 +/- 0.29 h, 2.55 +/- 0.95 l/kg and 6.96 +/- 3.44 l/kg, and 19.05 +/- 5.41 ml/min/kg and 103.7 +/- 34.4 ml/min/kg (mean +/- SEM), respectively. The rates of absorption of C and 7-OHC are 12.8 +/- 2.38 and 4.62 +/- 1.08 h-1, respectively. The rate of metabolism of C via 7-OHC to 7-OHCG is 7.96 +/- 2.16 h-1 and that of 7-OHC to 7-OHCG is 27.99 +/- 11.73. The p.o. absolute bioavailability is 45 +/- 14% for C and 17.0 +/- 5% for 7-OHC. The pharmacokinetics of C in the rhesus monkey are similar to that in the dog. In man the p.o. absolute bioavailability is only 3.4%. PMID- 3214446 TI - Bronchospasmolytic effect of oxitropium bromide following powder inhalation in anaesthetized dogs. AB - A marked and long-lasting bronchospasmolytic effect without any cardiovascular side effects has been demonstrated in anaesthetized dogs following inhalation of 0.1 mg oxitropium bromide, with glucose as vehicle, administered as powder in powder inhaler capsules. PMID- 3214447 TI - Reproductive toxicity studies of ademetionine. AB - S-Adenosyl-L-methionine sulphate-p-toluene sulphonate (ademetionine, SAMe), a donor of methyl groups, was examined for effects upon embryofoetal toxicity following both premating treatment and treatment during pregnancy and for peri- and post-natal toxicity in the rat at dosages of 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d SAMe ion by subcutaneous or intravenous administration. Embryofoetal toxicity was also examined in the New Zealand White rabbit at dosages of 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/d SAMe by intravenous administration. Treatment was considered to be without adverse effect upon any of the reproductive parameters examined on either F0 or on the untreated F1 generations. There was no indication that treatment adversely affected the litter parameters including the incidences of malformations, anomalies and skeletal variants. Some slight changes in the activity of the F1 females derived from F0 animals given 400 mg/kg/d were considered to be of minimal importance. In contrast to the above, adverse effects upon the parents were noted at 400 mg/kg/d including local tissue reaction at the injection sites and retardation of body weight gain. In the intravenous studies some rigidity and dyspnoea were noted following administration. Following subcutaneous premating treatment there was also evidence of histopathological change to the kidney of the female rat. Increased water consumption was noted in this latter study and amongst females rearing offspring in the embryo foetal toxicity study in which the compound was administered intravenously. At the lower dosages administered to the rat some local tissue reaction was evident as was some retardation of body weight gain, minimal at the lowest intravenous dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3214448 TI - In vitro skin penetration of griseofulvin in rat and human skin from an ointment dosage form. AB - Penetration and permeation of griseofulvin into and across the rat skin after application of three ointment formulations containing either dimethylacetamide (DMAC) or diethylene glycol monoethylether (DGME) or the ointment base alone (control--without DMAC or DGME) were studied, in vitro. Penetration and permeation of griseofulvin into and across the human skin after application of DGME ointment was also studied. Permeation of griseofulvin across the rat skin was highest for the DMAC ointment, followed by the DGME ointment and lowest for the control. Concentration of griseofulvin in the upper layers of the skin (i.e., surface to 100 micron depth) was also highest for DMAC and lowest for the control. However, the skin levels from the DGME ointment could not be distinguished (statistically) from the other two formulations. In comparison to rat skin, human skin is much less permeable. Amount of griseofulvin (from DGME ointment) that permeated through the rat skin was 14 times the amount that permeated through the human skin. Concentration of griseofulvin in the upper layers of the rat skin were 4 times the concentration of the drug in the upper layers of the human skin. The concentration of griseofulvin in the various layers of the human skin after one topical application were far greater than those reported after prolonged peroral administration. PMID- 3214449 TI - Pharmacokinetics of morphine in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma after epidural administration in man. AB - The morphine concentration in serum as well as in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after epidural administration of 0.1 mg/kg morphine to 10 patients undergoing aortic abdominal surgery, was determined. Model independent pharmacokinetic parameters in serum and CSF i.e. mean residence time (MRT), clearance (Cl) and apparent volume of distribution were calculated from the concentration time curves using a non-linear square regression fitting programme. Peak concentration of morphine in serum (86 ng/ml) and in CSF (2610 ng/ml) was reached after 10 min respectively 40 min of epidural injection. PMID- 3214450 TI - Pharmacokinetics of aspoxicillin in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. AB - The pharmacokinetics of aspoxicillin [2S,5R,6R)-6-[(2R)-2-[(2R)-2-amino-3 (methylcarbamoyl)propionam ido]-2- (p-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]penicillanic acid) in 10 subjects with normal kidney function and in 20 patients suffering from impaired renal function were examined after an i.v. short-term infusion of 4 g for a period of 20 min. In contrast to available semi-synthetic penicillins, aspoxicillin shows a slightly longer half-life elimination. As the substance is mainly excreted renally, the areas under the curve (AUC) are larger in cases of impaired renal function. Mathematical correlations can be established between the AUC and the renal function parameters creatinine and glomerular filtration rate. Dosage reduction factors are then derived which allow appropriate dosages to be established for the substances under examination. Dosages for differing degrees of impaired renal function are given in tables. Since sufficiently high and long lasting urine levels are achieved, it is reasonable to use aspoxicillin as treatment of urinary tract infections in patients suffering from end-stage renal failure. PMID- 3214451 TI - Pharmacokinetics of sulbactam and ampicillin intravenously applied in combination to healthy volunteers and patients. Determination of the ratio of the two drugs in serum and in various tissues. AB - The pharmacokinetics of sulbactam, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, and ampicillin were investigated in 9 healthy volunteers and 125 patients. The two drugs were administered intravenously in combination (Unacid). Each subject received 1 g sulbactam and 2 g ampicillin. The two drugs showed a similar pharmacokinetic profile in humans. Relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a 2 compartment model on the basis of the serum and urine concentrations determined in healthy volunteers. The ratio of sulbactam to ampicillin was found to be nearly constant (approx. 1:2), both in the blood, in several tissues and at various time points. The two compounds apparently penetrated well into the myometrium, renal cortex and medulla, the gall bladder wall, the tonsils and the cutis of the skin. The sulbactam/ampicillin ratios in the bile ranged from 1:3 to 1:13 over 2 h after the infusion. The concentrations of the two compounds measured in the various fluids and tissues of the body reached levels which are effective against beta-lactamase producing bacteria. The similar pharmacokinetics of sulbactam and ampicillin in humans are considered an essential prerequisite for the therapeutic efficacy of such a combination product. PMID- 3214452 TI - Inside the national office. Office of Minority Concerns. PMID- 3214453 TI - Minority audiologists: a critical need to establish a professional/community identity. PMID- 3214454 TI - The skeptic's role. PMID- 3214455 TI - Low density lipoprotein binding affinity of arterial wall isomeric chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. AB - Although the selective interaction of low density lipoproteins (LDL) with arterial proteoglycans is known, information is lacking on LDL-binding affinity of different subspecies occurring within a proteoglycan family. Isomeric chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan preparations sedimenting at densities of 1.54 g/ml (D1), 1.50 g/ml (D2) and 1.46 g/ml (D3) were isolated from bovine aorta intima-media under dissociative conditions and subjected to equilibrium binding to LDL-agarose gel. D1, D2 and D3 contained 36%, 37% and 11% dermatan sulfate, respectively. Sulfate to hexosamine ratio was low (0.73) in D1 when compared to D2 and D3 (0.94 and 1.04). Of the total proteoglycans contained in D1, D2 and D3, 41%, 52% and 66% interacted with LDL, respectively. LDL-bound proteoglycans dissociated over a wide range of ionic strengths (0.15-1.0); in comparison, LDL bound heparin dissociated within a narrow range (0.5-0.75). Unlike other preparations, 30% of bound D3 dissociated at an ionic strength of 1.0. In D1 and D2 the proportion of dermatan sulfate increased in proteoglycan fractions that were bound firmly to LDL, whereas a high affinity fraction in D3 contained no dermatan sulfate. Thus, isomeric chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans display considerable divergence with respect to LDL binding. This may depend not only on the degree of sulfation but on other characteristics of the chondroitin sulfate isomers as well. PMID- 3214456 TI - Effect of skim milk and whey diets on plasma lipid levels of rabbits in a cross over study. AB - The influence of a skim milk and a whey-based diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in rabbits was investigated in a crossover design, in which the diets were switched after 12 weeks. The whey diet increased plasma lipid levels regardless of when it was consumed in the feeding protocol. The milk diet, on the other hand, modestly elevated the lipid levels if provided in the first half of the feeding protocol, but reduced lipid levels if given in the second half of the feeding regime. Both diets also induced similar changes in lipoprotein patterns when given in the first half of the feeding protocol, but opposite effects during the second half. Atherosclerotic changes were also observed in the aorta of animals receiving the whey diet during the second half of the experimental protocol. PMID- 3214457 TI - Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 and n-6 series on lipid composition and eicosanoid synthesis of platelets and aorta and on immunological induction of atherosclerosis in rabbits. AB - The effect of dietary fish oil (rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA], corn oil (rich in n-6 PUFA) and coconut oil (low in n-3 and n-6 PUFA) on the induction of atherosclerosis by serum sickness in rabbits was investigated over a 12-month period. Dietary fish oil led to a significant increase in the level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in all platelet phospholipid fractions and to a significant reduction in the level of platelet phosphatidylethanolamine arachidonic acid (AA). In aortic total phospholipids, rabbits given fish oil showed a significant reduction in AA and a significant increase in EPA. Rabbits given fish oil showed significantly lower collagen-induced platelet thromboxane A2 release and aortic production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Serum total immune complex levels and anti-horse serum IgG levels were not influenced by diet. There was a significant reduction in total aortic atherosclerosis in fish oil-fed animals compared with coconut oil fed animals. PMID- 3214458 TI - Influence of probucol administration on lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoproteins in normolipemic males. AB - In order to interpret the known lipoprotein changes in probucol-treated patients, serum concentrations of apolipoproteins (A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, E) were measured before, during and after probucol administration (2 X 500 mg p.d.), in 16 healthy males (30.3 +/- 5.6 years old). Cholesterol concentrations were determined in LDL and VLDL fractions as well as in HDL subfractions which were isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation. In addition, apolipoprotein A-I and A-II concentrations were measured in the HDL subfractions. Compared with the baseline values, significant apolipoprotein changes were found in the serum apolipoprotein A-I (151 +/- 18 to 115 +/- 31 mg/dl; P less than 0.001) and C-II levels during administration. The HDL subfraction analysis showed that the decrease of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (59.9 +/- 23.5 to 34.4 +/- 16.4 mg/dl, P less than 0.001, and 65.7 +/- 49.0 to 37.5 +/- 23.5 mg/dl, P less than 0.05, respectively) was predominantly related to the HDL2b subfraction (d = 1.063-1.100 g/ml). PMID- 3214459 TI - Plasma apolipoprotein B in middle-aged Finnish men. Evidence for a regional gradient of apo B and lack of negative correlation between apo B and dietary linoleate in hyperapobetalipoproteinemia. AB - Plasma apolipoprotein B (apo B) concentrations were determined in 178 randomly selected 40-49-year-old men from Eastern and Southwestern Finland and compared with the concentrations of plasma lipids and the fatty acid composition of plasma and adipose tissue determined previously from the same populations. The plasma apo B concentrations ranged from 50 to 209 mg/dl. Although men from the two regions had similar mean concentrations of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, men from Eastern Finland had significantly higher mean apo B levels (139 +/- 25 mg/dl) and a lower ratio of total cholesterol to apo B (1.85 +/- 0.25) than the Southwestern men (125 +/- 33 mg/dl and 2.05 +/- 0.40, respectively). In the whole population, apo B and total cholesterol had significant negative correlations with the percentages of linoleate in the fatty acids of plasma and adipose tissue, which are known to reflect the quality of dietary fat. As the percentages of linoleate have previously been shown to be lower in the Eastern population, part of the regional difference in apo B is obviously explained by differences in the quality of dietary fat. On the other hand, men (n = 59) who had high plasma apo B (greater than 130 mg/dl) but low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol within the reference values (less than 5.17 mmol/l) showed no correlation between linoleate and apo B. This suggests that other factors than dietary fat determine the concentration of apo B in this group of men. PMID- 3214460 TI - Effects of soy protein and casein in low cholesterol diets on plasma lipoproteins in normolipidemic subjects. AB - Dietary plant proteins may lower plasma cholesterol and LDL concentrations in hypercholesterolemic patients when substituted for animal proteins, particularly in diets with low cholesterol and saturated fat content. Plant protein diets appear, however, to be without effect on plasma lipoprotein levels in normal subjects. In the present study, we have examined whether the origin of the dietary protein, i.e. plant (soy) or animal (casein), affects the plasma lipoproteins in normolipidemic subjects when these proteins are presented as components of diets low in cholesterol and saturated fat. The study followed a crossover design. Five men and 5 women consumed liquid formula diets containing 20% of calories as casein or soy protein, 28% as fat (mainly monounsaturated), and 52% as carbohydrate; the intake of cholesterol was less than 100 mg per day. The two dietary periods, each of 1 month duration, were separated by an interim period of 1 month on self-chosen food. Following an initial 30% reduction of cholesterol and LDL plasma levels on both diets, the concentrations of each of the major lipoprotein classes (VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3) were similar during the two experimental dietary periods. Body weights were essentially constant. Dietary soy protein and casein could not be distinguished in their effects on the plasma concentrations and chemical composition of the major lipoprotein classes in normolipidemic subjects. PMID- 3214462 TI - Pseudocholinesterase and lipoproteins. PMID- 3214461 TI - Changes in the platelet surface charge in rabbits with experimental hypercholesterolemia. AB - The effect of hypercholesterolemia on the platelet surface charge was examined in rabbits fed a lipid-rich diet (0.5% cholesterol and 5% butter). The strong anionic sites were detected with cationized ferritin (CF) pI 8.4, and the sialic acid concentration was evaluated by biochemical assays. In normal rabbits (average plasma cholesterol 0.36 +/- 0.05 mg/ml, and total platelet sialic acid 30.03 +/- 6 micrograms/mg protein) the platelet surface displayed a homogeneous distribution of CF, which also labeled the open canalicular system. Beginning with the third week of diet, at a plasma cholesterol level of 4.6 +/- 0.3 mg/ml, a reduction in the overall platelet negative charge was observed. As the diet progressed and the plasma cholesterol level increased, the CF binding to platelet surface diminished up to an almost total disappearance when the plasma cholesterol reached 18 mg/ml (the 20th week of diet). At the same time a progressive decrease in the sialic acid content up to 5.1 micrograms/mg protein was detected. These results suggest that diet-induced hyperlipidemia causes significant alterations in the platelet surface negative charge, especially in the sialic acid content. PMID- 3214463 TI - Studies on the mechanism of high intestinal absorption of cholesterol and campesterol in high-responding rhesus monkeys. AB - To understand better the mechanism of higher absorption of cholesterol and campesterol in high-responding than in low-responding rhesus monkeys, we measured the concentrations of the two sterols in the micellar fraction isolated from small intestinal content, and also determined their rates of esterification by cholesterol esterase prepared from the small intestinal mucosa. The results show that the concentrations of both cholesterol and campesterol in the micellar fraction were significantly higher in the high- than in low- and intermediate responding rhesus monkeys. Also the rates of esterification of both sterols are higher in the proximal segment of the small intestine in high-responders than the other two groups. We conclude that the two necessary steps in the process of sterol absorption, namely, the amounts of sterols solubilized in micelles and their esterification within mucosal cells which are higher in high- than in low responders are responsible for the higher absorption of the sterols in the high responding rhesus monkeys. PMID- 3214464 TI - Familial hypercholesterolemia and apolipoprotein E4. AB - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between two genetic factors associated with raised blood cholesterol, i.e. familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and apolipoprotein (apo) E4. A group of 50 unrelated heterozygous FH patients aged 33-71 years were studied together with 129 normolipidemic subjects. A significantly higher frequency of apo E4 phenotypes was found in FH patients (30.0%) than in normolipidemic subjects (15.5%). FH patients were divided into two groups with and without apo E4. Plasma total cholesterol (Chol) and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher, and plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Chol) level tended to be higher in FH patients with apo E4 than in those without apo E4. In addition, the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was significantly higher in FH patients with apo E4 (73.3%) than in those without apo E4 (31.4%). No significant difference was noted in age and in the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and smoking between the FH groups with and without apo E4. These results suggest that apo E4 is associated with higher levels of total Chol and TG and, at least in part, contributes to the predisposition to IHD in FH. PMID- 3214465 TI - Phosphatidylinositol (PI) and PI-associated arachidonate are elevated in platelet total membranes of type IIa hypercholesterolemic subjects. AB - The lipid composition (phospholipid distribution and fatty acid patterns of individual glycerophospholipids) and levels of lipid components (cholesterol, total and individual phospholipid classes, arachidonic acid) have been determined in total membranes of platelets from type IIa hypercholesterolemic (HC) and control (C) subjects. Levels of cholesterol and total phospholipid, relative to the protein content, were about 80% and 60% higher respectively in platelet total membranes from HC subjects. Small differences between the two groups of samples were observed for the phospholipid distribution and the fatty acid patterns. Concentrations of individual phospholipid classes, were on the average 60% higher in HC than in C platelet membranes, with an even greater difference for phosphatidylinositol (PI) and sphingomyelin. Levels of arachidonic acid, relative to the protein content, were also 60-80% higher in membranes from HC platelet with a more than 100% increase in PI. The higher levels of the eicosanoid precursor fatty acid in phospholipids and especially in PI, which is considered a donor pool for eicosanoid synthesis, may be a contributing factor for the greater thromboxane formation and enhanced aggregation, upon stimulation, of platelets from HC patients in comparison to platelets from control subjects. PMID- 3214466 TI - A nation-wide study of atherosclerosis in infants, children and young adults in Japan. AB - This paper reports the results of a nation-wide cooperative study of atherosclerosis in young, first generation Japanese with ages ranging from 1 month to 39 years, who were autopsied between 1978 and 1982 in hospitals distributed over the entire archipelago of Japan. Atherosclerotic lesions in 2320 aortas, 1620 coronary arteries and 344 cerebral arteries were classified into fatty streaks, fibrous plaques and complicated lesions and were then quantificated with the point-counting method. Atherosclerosis of aortas, coronary arteries and cerebral arteries, determined by surface involvement (SI) of atherosclerotic lesions and atherosclerotic index (AI), increased with age; the severest were seen in aortas, and then, with decreasing severity, in the coronary and cerebral arteries. Fatty streaks preceded the other lesions and accounted for the largest portion of the lesions in aortas and coronary arteries. Fibrous plaques and complicated lesions developed in the later decades of life. The patients with collagen diseases had a greater severity of aortic atherosclerosis in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life, than those without such disorders. Correlation of antemortem clinical data with SI and AI of each artery were analyzed, using simple correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Age, serum cholesterol and blood pressure were significantly and positively correlated with SI and AI of aortas and coronary arteries. Serum cholesterol was more strongly correlated with the extent of fatty streaks than was mean blood pressure and vice versa with that of fibrous plaques. Atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries, however, showed a significant correlation only with the factor of mean blood pressure. Therefore the susceptibility to risk factors varies with the artery in cases of early lesions of atherosclerosis in young Japanese. PMID- 3214467 TI - Atherosclerosis in rabbits identified as high and low responders to an atherogenic diet and the effect of treatment with a beta 1-blocker. AB - In order to investigate whether initial plasma lipid concentrations could be used to distinguish between high and low responders to an atherogenic diet, rabbits were divided into 3 groups according to their plasma concentrations of cholesterol and phospholipids after 4 weeks on a standard rabbit diet. Plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels were less than 0.5 mM, less than 1.1 mM, respectively, in group 1 (n = 17), greater than 0.5 mM, less than 1.1 mM, in group 2 (n = 13), and greater than 0.5 mM, greater than or equal to 1.1 mM, in group 3 (n = 14). After 7 weeks on a diet containing 0.25% cholesterol and 3% coconut oil, animals in groups 1 and 2 had a lower increase in their plasma lipid levels compared with group 3. Half of each group was then treated with the beta 1 adrenoceptor antagonist metoprolol during the next 14 weeks on the atherogenic diet. At the end of the study, the extent of atherosclerosis both in the aortas and in the coronary arteries of the control animals showed a positive correlation to plasma cholesterol and to plasma phospholipid concentrations integrated over time. The metoprolol-treated animals in groups 1 and 2 had a reduction of atherosclerosis compared with their respective controls. We conclude that subpopulations of rabbits that react differently on an atherogenic diet can be identified by their initial plasma lipid levels, and that metoprolol treatment of low responders to an atherogenic diet significantly reduces atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta. PMID- 3214468 TI - Cholesterol-lowering effect of N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)linoleamide (melinamide) in cholesterol-fed diabetic rats. AB - Cholesterol loading of diabetic rats is known to induce marked hyperlipoproteinaemia, and we have reported that enhancement of the activity of intestinal acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), one of the key enzymes involved in cholesterol absorption, might play an important role in the development of hypercholesterolaemia in these animals. In the present study, we have shown that treatment with N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)linoleamide (melinamide), a new hypocholesterolaemic drug, caused a substantial decrease of the enhanced intestinal ACAT activity in diabetic rats, but did not affect intestinal cholesterol esterase activity. Furthermore, marked improvement of hypercholesterolaemia in cholesterol-fed diabetic rats occurred concomitantly with the drug treatment. These results suggest that intestinal ACAT activity is closely related to the serum cholesterol level in diabetic rats, and show that melinamide lowers intestinal ACAT activity. PMID- 3214469 TI - Quantitative whole-body autoradiographic analysis of the tissue distribution of orally-administered [14C]cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic rats. AB - The cholesterol-fed rat model has been used to examine the distribution of radiolabeled cholesterol by whole-body autoradiographic and quantitative videodensitometric methods. Animals were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet for 7 days, and were subsequently killed at 3, 6, 12, 24, or 72 h following a single oral dose of [14C]cholesterol. Maximum blood and tissue levels were observed at 12 h, while liver and adrenals were the most intensely labeled tissues. Liver maintained consistently high levels over the course of the study, while activity in other tissues declined moderately by 72 h, indicating the long half-life of cholesterol radioequivalents in tissue. The results of these experiments suggest that autoradiographic examination of cholesterol distribution in animals treated with pharmaceutical agents designed to modify cholesterol absorption or clearance will be useful in providing supplemental or confirmatory information on the drugs' mode of action. PMID- 3214470 TI - Hematoporphyrin binding to cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from spontaneously atherosclerotic turkey. AB - Porphyrins are known to be accumulated in vivo by tumors and atherosclerotic plaques. We studied the interaction of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) from spontaneously atherosclerotic Broad Breasted White Turkeys (BBWT) with free hematoporphyrin (Hp) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-Hp complexes. A significantly higher binding of LDL-Hp to SMC as compared to free Hp was observed. These data indicate that porphyrin binding to vascular SMC represents a possible mechanism for porphyrin accumulation by atherosclerotic plaques. This process is mediated, at least in part, by LDL. PMID- 3214471 TI - Progesterone modulates the expression of HDL binding sites in human skin fibroblasts. AB - The aim of this work was to study the effects of progesterone on the expression of high density lipoprotein binding sites by cultured human skin fibroblasts. At concentrations ranging between 10(-6)- and 10(-4) M the hormone showed a dose dependent induction of the HDL binding sites. The effect was maximal at 48 h. The increased HDL binding was only due to an up-regulation of binding sites, without changes of the apparent Kd. This effect was not related to changes of cellular cholesterol content, and was not affected by inhibition of protein synthesis. These data suggest that the expression of binding sites for HDL can be modulated via a mechanism that does not depend upon cellular cholesterol content. PMID- 3214472 TI - Prevention of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in Japanese quail by high intake of soy protein. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the influence of levels of soy protein on cholesterol metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Quail were fed purified diets containing one of four levels (10, 20, 40 or 60%) of soy protein either with (atherogenic) or without (control) 0.5% cholesterol. Results showed that higher proportions of protein (40 and 60%) in atherogenic diets had a preventive effect on the development of atherosclerosis in adult male quail. For the atherogenic diets the higher protein levels resulted in significantly lower serum and aorta cholesterol concentrations than observed with the 10 or 20% protein levels and free of aortic atherosclerosis. A dual isotope technique was used to measure the absorption rates for cholesterol in quail fed with 20 and 40% soy protein. Absorption rates were not affected by the level of dietary protein but were influenced by the presence of dietary cholesterol. Relative rates were 40% in quail fed control diets and 30% in quail fed atherogenic diets. The excretion of neutral sterols, largely cholesterol, and bile acids increased with the high intake of soy protein. These results demonstrate that in quail the presence of higher dietary levels of soy protein has both a hypocholesterolemic action and a preventive effect on cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis and one of the possible mechanisms is through increased excretion of cholesterol. PMID- 3214473 TI - Application of fluorescence densitometry to the study of net albumin uptake by the rabbit aortic wall up- and downstream of intercostal ostia. AB - A method was developed for measuring levels of lissamine rhodamine B-labelled albumin in arterial walls with a spatial resolution of ca. 1 micron 3. The method was used to study variation in net macromolecular uptake up- and downstream of intercostal ostia in a small number of rabbit aortae. The physical and biological properties of the fluorescent tracer, including its stability, were compatible with its use in vivo. Tracer was injected into the ear vein of conscious rabbits. After 3 h the rabbits were anaesthetized and the thoracic aorta was fixed in situ at physiological pressure. The vessel was embedded in epoxy resin and longitudinal sections of the aortic wall were cut through the centre of the intercostal ostia. Photomicrographs were used to record fluorescence from these sections. The optical density across the photomicrographs was measured and related to the distribution of tracer in the wall. Mean intima-medial levels of tracer were greater downstream of ostia than upstream but were lower near the flow divider than further downstream. Higher levels of tracer were found in the adventitia than in the media and, in the latter, the distribution appeared to be related to the lamellar structure. PMID- 3214475 TI - Effects of fenofibrate on lipoprotein metabolism and fatty acid distribution in Zucker rats. AB - The short term effects of fenofibrate (150 mg/kg per day), administered by gavage, on lipoprotein and fatty acid distribution have been investigated in an hypertriglyceridemic model, the Zucker rat. Lean rats were compared to control obese and treated obese rats, and control obese animals to treated obese littermates. Classically, plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol increased by 1.8 and 7.9-fold, respectively, in control obese versus lean rats. Treatment of the Zucker obese rats with fenofibrate reduced their plasma cholesterol by 10% and raised triacylglycerol by 47% (P less than 0.001) in comparison to untreated control obese rats. These effects were accompanied by a change in the composition of all plasma lipoproteins. The cholesterol/triacylglycerol ratio in VLDL rose by 32% while that in LDL and HDL fell by 43 and 47%, respectively. Drug therapy altered the fatty acid profile in both plasma and liver; the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids fell while monounsaturated fatty acids increased. The increased proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids in plasma suggests that the fatty acid composition of circulating lipoproteins is modified, particularly in VLDL. This, in association with the altered lipid distribution in VLDL may reflect an abnormal metabolism of this lipoprotein. In view of these abnormalities, we conclude that this rat is not an appropriate model for the short-term study of clofibrate analogues. PMID- 3214474 TI - Hypolipidemic effect of NS-1 and other related drugs in rhesus monkeys. AB - NS-1, 4-[2-(4-isopropylbenzamido)ethoxy]benzoic acid, is a novel chemical compound which has been found to be a potent hypolipidemic agent in rhesus monkeys. Significant reductions in serum cholesterol and phospholipids were observed in normolipidemic monkeys following oral doses of 30-300 mg/kg/day. A dose of 300 mg/kg/day for 28 days lowered serum cholesterol and phospholipid levels by 49% and 41%, respectively. NS-1 was more potent than clofibrate, clinofibrate, simfibrate, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, nicomol and probucol in hypolipidemic activity in the same model. Lipoprotein analysis showed that NS-1 reduced low density lipoprotein much more than high density lipoprotein. The results suggest that NS-1 may have hypolipidemic activity in hyperlipidemic patients. PMID- 3214476 TI - Reduced platelet aggregability and increased vascular prostacyclin formation in a variant rat strain (IVA-SIV) with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. AB - The Ivanovas-Sieve (IVA-SIV) rat represents the only available animal model of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, in the absence of obesity and/or overt diabetes. Since plasma lipids/lipoproteins can modulate platelet reactivity and eicosanoid metabolism, these were examined in two groups of Charles River (CR) and IVA-SIV rats of identical age. The IVA-SIV rats had 2-fold higher plasma triglycerides and a 55% higher number of circulating platelets; the number of platelets was significantly correlated with triglyceridemia. Platelet reactivity to ADP and to collagen was significantly reduced in these animals, whereas the formation of thromboxane B2 did not differ from that of the CR. After perfusion of platelet rich plasma (PRP) through the aortas of animals of the two strains, platelet aggregability, already lower in the IVA-SIV, was reduced to a higher extent compared to the CR. Increased levels of the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were identified in the perfusate from the aortas of IVA-SIV rats. Platelets from these animals also showed an increased sensitivity to Iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, with an IC50 1.7-fold lower compared to CR rats. Spontaneous hypertriglyceridemia in the IVA-SIV model is not associated with platelet hyperresponsiveness, but rather with a reduced sensitivity to major aggregants. PMID- 3214477 TI - Association of serum IgA and C4 with severe atherosclerosis. AB - To assess the possible involvement of humoral immunity in diffuse atherosclerosis, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 were measured in the sera of 23 atherosclerotic subjects (at least 3 stenoses greater than 75% in the arteries of the limbs and neck, as assessed by panangiography) and of 20 controls (possible stenoses less than 40% documented by arteriography of the aortic arch and epi aortic branches and "normal" response to exercise stress testing and Doppler ultrasonography of the arteries of the lower limbs). Age (59-69) and sex distribution did not differ significantly in the 2 groups. The following serum concentrations were higher in the atherosclerotic subjects than in the controls: C4 (28.7 +/- 6.5 (1 SD) vs. 23.4 +/- 3.8 mg/dl; P = 0.0013); IgA (323.3 +/- 155.0 vs. 210.3 +/- 87.9 mg/dl; P = 0.0020); and C3 (126.3 +/- 16.9 vs. 111.0 +/- 18.9 mg/dl; P = 0.0109). To assess whether these parameters were independently associated with atherosclerosis, a multiple logistic regression was performed, also including other variables which differed between the atherosclerotic group and the control group with P values less than 0.20 (cigarette smoking, arterial hypertension, body mass index, serum HDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio, serum triglycerides, IgG and IgM). In multivariate analysis only IgA (P = 0.0012), C4 (P = 0.0072), cigarette smoking (P = 0.0141) and serum triglycerides (P = 0.0177) were independently associated with atherosclerosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3214478 TI - Morphological and kinetic abnormalities of platelets in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. AB - Hypercholesterolemia (HC = hypercholesterolemia or hypercholesterolemic) was produced in rabbits by feeding them diets supplemented with cholesterol and peanut oil. Platelet counts and volumes, white cell counts, reticulocyte counts, and hematocrits were determined at intervals for 8-12 weeks in blood from HC animals and controls on a normal rabbit diet. Microthrombocytosis was a consistent occurrence in the presence of HC, developing as early as 2 weeks into the diet. Microthrombocytosis was generally associated with normal platelet counts, but mild thrombocytosis occurred late in the diet at the time of the highest levels of serum cholesterol (greater than 1300 mg/dl). Platelets from HC rabbits were morphologically normal by transmission electron microscopy. Survivals of 51Cr-labeled platelets from HC and non-HC rabbits were measured in HC and non-HC recipients. The results identified an intrinsic defect in the ability of HC platelets to survive in the circulation. They also confirmed previous findings of an environmental defect in HC that causes shortened platelet survival. PMID- 3214479 TI - Characterization of the phenotype of smooth muscle cells in human fetal aorta on the basis of ultrastructure, immunofluorescence, and the composition of cytoskeletal and cytocontractile proteins. AB - The phenotype of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the aortic media of 7 human fetuses (14-20 weeks of gestation) was examined with transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, and gel electrophoresis of the cytoskeletal and cytocontractile proteins. Ultrastructurally, virtually all medial cells were identified as SMCs having a poorly differentiated phenotype with a cytoplasm rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and organelles, and with only a few myofilaments. All medial cells stained intensely with antibodies to vimentin, but only in a 20-week-old fetus could we find a few SMCs staining with antibodies to desmin. Nor was desmin detectable with SDS gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting, while clear bands corresponding to vimentin, myosin, and actin were present. In isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis beta-actin was the most prominent of the 3 actin isoforms in all cases. The present results show that SMCs in the media of fetal human aorta have a poorly differentiated phenotype, which morphologically and biochemically resembles that previously described in the aorta of fetal and newborn rat, in the arterial intima after endothelial injury, in atherosclerotic lesions, and after spontaneous modulation of medial SMCs in culture. PMID- 3214480 TI - Accumulation of cholesteryl esters in macrophages incubated with human lipoprotein-antibody autoimmune complex. AB - The interaction of mouse peritoneal and human pericardial macrophages with lipoprotein (LP)-antibody (Ab) immune complex isolated from the serum of ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients has been studied. It is shown that the Ab of the autoimmune complex belongs to IgG class, and the antigen is the LP with d less than 1.063 g/ml. Incubation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with such complex led to the activation of [14C]oleic acid incorporation into cholesteryl esters by 2.5 2.8-fold, in comparison with the experiments where macrophages were incubated with free apoprotein (apo) B-containing LP isolated from the same serum. Incubation of human pericardial macrophages with autologous LP-Ab immune complex led to the transformation of macrophages into foam cells. These data lead to the conclusion that formation of LP-Ab autoimmune complexes may play an important role in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries. PMID- 3214481 TI - Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease. AB - Coronary heart disease in insulin-dependent (IDDM) and in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) is associated with lipid and lipoprotein changes favouring atherosclerosis. Whether lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are associated also with peripheral vascular disease in both types of diabetes is largely unknown. Therefore, we studied lipid and lipoprotein levels and their association with claudication in a representative sample of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in East Finland. Altogether 87 subjects had IDDM (43 men, 44 women), 264 subjects NIDDM (126 men, 138 women) and 120 subjects were non-diabetic controls (63 men, 57 women). Patients with IDDM had an increased level of HDL and HDL2-cholesterol and patients with NIDDM a decreased level of HDL and HDL2-cholesterol and an increased level of total, LDL and VLDL triglycerides than did non-diabetic subjects. Analyses in both types of diabetes by claudication status revealed that total and LDL-cholesterol and total and VLDL triglycerides tended to be higher and HDL and HDL2-cholesterol lower in those having claudication as compared to those without a claudication symptom. Similarly, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were also more atherogenic in patients with claudication than in those without claudication. In conclusion, our results indicate that in both types of diabetes peripheral vascular disease is associated with lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities favouring atherosclerosis. PMID- 3214482 TI - Serum lipoproteins in patients with myocardial infarction. AB - The lipid and lipoprotein profile was examined in male patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at the time of infarction (group A) and in male patients who had survived AMI 2-3 years before the study (group B), and compared to that of healthy controls. The myocardial infarction (MI) patients exhibited similar total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels as the controls. However, the LDL mass concentration was higher in patients than in controls (P less than 0.01 for group A, P less than 0.001 for group B). In composition, patients' LDL in both groups was rich in protein and triglycerides but poor in cholesterol. The compositional changes in patient LDL were evident at all levels of LDL cholesterol. The mean total HDL and HDL2 mass concentrations were lower in patients than in controls (P less than 0.001 for both groups), but there was no difference in HDL3 levels. Upon admission to hospital the patients with AMI at the time of examination (group A) had higher serum total triglyceride concentration than controls, but on the fasting morning samples serum triglyceride and VLDL lipid levels did not differ between patients and controls. Patients who had survived AMI 2-3 years prior to study (group B) exhibited higher serum total triglyceride and VLDL levels than the control subjects. On stepwise discriminant analysis, HDL2 protein concentration was the single best variable for distinguishing between patients and controls. The most powerful discriminatory parameter was the HDL/LDL protein ratio or the HDL2/LDL protein ratio. PMID- 3214483 TI - Effects of cessation of smoking on serum lipids and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. AB - This study examined the effect of cessation of smoking on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels. Twenty-six females who smoked a minimum of 20 cigarettes per day for the past 5 years served as volunteers. Twelve subjects abstained from smoking for a period of 60 days (ex-smokers). Six stopped smoking for 30 days then resumed smoking for an additional 30 days (re-smokers). Eight subjects continued to smoke for the entire 60 days (smokers). Additionally, 10 females who had never smoked served as non-smoking controls (non-smokers). Pre-cessation HDL C levels for all smoker groups were 15-20% (P less than 0.05) below those of non smokers. By day 30 of cessation HDL-C levels of ex-smokers and re-smokers significantly increased by 5.7 and 10.5 mg/dl, respectively, and were significantly higher than those of smokers. At day 60, HDL-C of ex-smokers increased another 6.8 mg/dl to 63.9 mg/dl while levels of re-smokers returned to pre-cessation levels (50.7 mg/dl). The findings of this study suggest that low levels of HDL-C associated with smoking in females do not appear to be cumulative and can be reversed in as little as 30 days. PMID- 3214484 TI - Changes in platelet membrane fatty acids after myocardial infarction. AB - Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality, and platelets may contribute to its development. Platelet membrane composition can influence platelet function. In this study changes in platelet membrane fatty acids with time following MI were explored. Platelet membrane fatty acid profiles were studied in 40 patients after MI, at a mean of 8 days, and compared with a control group of 17 subjects awaiting minor surgery. They were restudied at 1 month and 3 months. Significant changes were found within the patient group in 18:1, which fell with time (19.99% +/- 1.24 to 18.73% +/- 1.16 at 3 months, P less than 0.001), 22:3 + 24:1, which also fell (1.97% +/- 0.48 to 1.46% +/- 0.49, P less than 0.001), and in 18:2, which increased (3.92% +/- 0.77 to 5.04% +/- 1.15 P less than 0.001). Comparison with controls showed no significant differences at baseline, a small increase in 22:4 at 1 month and 3 months in MI group and a decrease in 22:3 + 24:1 in MI group at 3 months. No changes were noted in 20:4, 20:5 or in the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio. The explanation for these findings is not known. The possible influence of diet and other factors is discussed. PMID- 3214485 TI - [Spondylosis or cauda equina syndrome? [corrected]. PMID- 3214486 TI - Protective immunity to malaria: studies with cloned lines of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi in CBA/Ca mice. III. Protective and suppressive responses induced by immunization with purified antigens. AB - The protective effect of affinity purified antigen has been investigated in an experimental model for malaria which shows a well marked recrudescence of parasitaemia, a feature of the disease in man. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing an epitope common to two genetically distinct cloned lines of Plasmodium chabaudi (AS and CB), was used to purify a Mr250,000 polymorphic schizont antigen (PSA) from these parasites. The purified preparations were then examined for the presence of specific and cross-reactive epitopes by immunoprecipitation with a panel of MoAb raised against P. chabaudi AS. When tested previously on smears of parasitized blood by immunofluorescence, or against lysates of parasitized erythrocytes by immunoprecipitation, most of these MoAb had been found to be AS specific. When either AS or CB affinity purified Mr250,000 PSA was used as the target, these same MoAb immunoprecipitated both antigens, and in some cases, a number of associated polypeptides (AP) which copurify with the Mr250,000 PSA. Subsequently, mice were immunized with either the purified AS or CB antigens in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Prechallenge sera were compared by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. Sera from mice immunized with AS antigen reacted strongly with AS and cross-reacted with CB parasite preparations. Pre-challenge serum from CB antigen immunized mice reacted well with CB, but only faintly with AS preparations. In mice immunized with the AS antigen and then challenged with either AS or CB parasites, the initial parasitaemias were delayed in appearance and the height of the peak parasitaemia reduced, an effect which was most pronounced after challenge with homologous parasites. Only homologous challenge of the mice immunized with CB antigen produced statistically significant modification of the initial parasitaemia. In the immunized mice challenged with homologous parasites, the delayed appearance and slightly reduced peak of the primary parasitaemia was associated with delayed resolution of the patent parasitaemia and significant enhancement of the recrudescence. PMID- 3214487 TI - Jk:-3 red cells have a defect in urea transport: a new urea-dependent lysis test. PMID- 3214488 TI - Metabolic effects of repeated weight loss and regain in adolescent wrestlers. AB - This study examined resting metabolic rate in adolescent wrestlers to test the hypothesis that repeated cycles of weight loss and regain would be associated with reduced energy requirements. Energy restriction lowers resting metabolic rate in normal-weight and obese persons. Repeated cycles of weight loss and regain can increase food efficiency, defined as the degree of weight change per unit of food intake, in animals. Many wrestlers lose weight repeatedly as they "cut weight" for matches. This cycle of weight loss and regain may affect their resting metabolism. Twenty-seven wrestlers were classified as cyclers or non cyclers based on their weight loss history. Resting metabolic rate was measured using indirect calorimetry and body composition was evaluated using six skinfolds. Cyclers and noncyclers did not differ in age, weight, height, surface area, lean body mass, or percent body fat. Cyclers had a significantly lower mean resting metabolic rate than noncyclers (154.6 vs 177.2 kJ/m2/h) (4.6 vs 5.5 kJ per kilogram of lean body mass per hour). There was a 14% difference between the cyclers and the noncyclers in resting energy expenditure (6631.8 vs 7702.8 kJ/d). Weight cycling in wrestlers appears to be associated with a lowered resting metabolic rate. PMID- 3214489 TI - Peptide elongation factor 1 from yeasts: purification and biochemical characterization of peptide elongation factors 1 alpha and 1 beta (gamma) from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - Cytoplasmic elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) [corrected] was purified to homogeneity in high yield from the two different yeasts Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (S. carls.) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe). The purification was easily achieved by CM-Sephadex column chromatography of the breakthrough fractions from DEAE-Sephadex chromatography of cell-free extracts. The basic proteins have a molecular weight of 47,000 for the S. carls. factor and of 49,000 for the S. pombe factor. While the purified yeast EF-1 alpha s function analogously to other eukaryotic factors and the E. coli EF-Tu in Phe-tRNA binding and polyphenylalanine synthesis, the yeast factor unusually hydrolyzed GTP on yeast ribosomes upon addition of Phe-tRNA in the absence of poly(U) as mRNA. This novelty is probably owing to the yeast ribosomes, which are assumed to lack elongation factor 3-equivalent component(s). Trypsin and chymotrypsin selectively cleaved the two yeast factors to generate resistant fragments with the same molecular weight of 43,000 (by trypsin) and of 44,000 (by chymotrypsin), respectively. Those cleavage sites were characteristically protected by the presence of several ligands bound to EF-1 alpha such as GDP, GTP, and aminoacyl tRNA. Based on the sequence analysis of the fragments generated by the two proteases, the partial amino acid sequence of the S. carls. EF-1 alpha was deduced to be in accordance with the N-terminal region covering positions (1) to 94 and two Lys residues at the C-terminal end of the predicted total sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerev.) factor derived from DNA analysis, except for a few N-terminal residues, confirming the predicted S. cerev. sequence at the protein level. EF-1 beta and EF-1 beta gamma were isolated and highly purified as biologically active entities from the two yeasts. EF-1 beta s from the two yeasts have the same molecular weight of 27,000, whereas component gamma of the S. carls. EF-1 beta gamma showed a higher molecular weight (47,000) than that of the S. pombe factor (40,000). It was also shown that a stoichiometric complex was formed between EF-1 alpha and EF-1 beta gamma from S. pombe. Furthermore, a considerable amount of Phe-tRNA binding activity was distributed in the EF-1H (probably EF-1 alpha beta gamma) fraction from freshly prepared cell-free extracts of yeast. PMID- 3214490 TI - A study of the B-Z transition of the AC-rich region of the repeat unit of a satellite DNA from Cebus by means of chemical probes. AB - The conformational changes induced by negative supercoiling in the AC-rich region of the repeat unit of a Cebus satellite DNA has been studied by chemical probes sensitive to alterations in DNA conformation. This region is constituted of a (GT/CA)n stretch (15 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 18) associated to a sequence rich in GT/CA. At high superhelical density, at least 100 base pairs in the AC-rich region adopt the Z conformation as judged by diethyl pyrocarbonate reactivity. This is confirmed by diethyl pyrocarbonate footprinting of the complex between antibodies to Z-DNA and the AC-rich region. Osmium tetroxide and hydroxylamine reveal some distortions of the Z double helix in the (GT/CA)n stretch also. The terminal T residues of the stretch are hyperreactive with osmium tetroxide; the terminal left C residues but not the terminal right C residues are hyperreactive with hydroxylamine. Substitution of a few base pairs in the middle of the (GT/CA)n stretch induces also some distortions of the Z double helix. In the GT/CA-rich sequence, distortion of the Z double helix is also supported by the hyperreactivity of osmium tetroxide with several T and C residues. PMID- 3214492 TI - Successful therapeutic transplantation of human embryonic nerve tissue into a schizophrenic's brain: preliminary communication. PMID- 3214491 TI - Prenatal care: a comparative evaluation of nurse-midwives and family physicians. AB - We evaluated the prenatal care provided to 44 low-risk women by nurse-midwives (NMs) at a special clinic of a large obstetric referral hospital and a sample of 88 low-risk women attended by family physicians (FPs) in their offices. The women were matched on the basis of date of delivery, age, parity, number of previous miscarriages, gravidity, socioeconomic status and delivery after 32 weeks' gestation. The Burlington Randomized Controlled Trial criteria, which reflect community standards of care, were updated and used to assess the information, which was provided on standard provincial prenatal care forms. Scoring was carried out blindly, and interrater reliability was high. A highly significant difference was found in the proportions of NM and FP charts that were rated adequate, superior or inadequate: 77% v. 24%, 7% v. 16% and 16% v. 60% respectively. The rate at which procedures were omitted (leading to an inadequate score) in the categories of initial assessment, monitoring and management also varied between the two patient groups. These findings, even when considered in terms of several biases that may have resulted in the high proportion of NM charts rated at least adequate, suggest that NMs provide prenatal care to low risk women that is comparable, if not superior, to the care provided by FPs. PMID- 3214493 TI - Nucleosides and nucleotides: Part 28 [1]. 13C-NMR spectra of 2'-deoxycytidine and 3-deaza-2'-deoxycytidine. PMID- 3214494 TI - Preparation, toxicity and mutagenicity of 1-methyl-2-nitrosoimidazole. A toxic 2 nitroimidazole reduction product. AB - 1-Methyl-2-nitrosoimidazole (INO), the 2-electron reduction product of 1-methyl-2 nitroimidazole (INO2), was prepared by electrochemical reduction of INO2 to 2 hydroxylamino-1-methyl-imidazole (INHOH), followed by back oxidation with iodine. Although stable in crystalline form, INO reacted in water, phosphate-buffered saline, and mammalian cell growth medium. Half-lives for decay were determined by UV-visible spectroscopy. INO was found to be highly toxic towards Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, concentrations of 10-60 microM producing significant cytotoxicity. The rate of INO decay was found to be increased in the presence of CHO cells. INO was also toxic and mutagenic towards Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. When compared on a molar basis to the parent nitro compound INO2, and the 4- and 6-electron reduction products INHOH and 2-amino-1-methylimidazole (INH2), INO was by far (two orders of magnitude) the most toxic under aerobic conditions. These results suggest that the nitroso reduction product of 2-nitroimidazoles may be the reduced species responsible for hypoxic cell selective toxicity of 2 nitroimidazoles. PMID- 3214495 TI - Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of lomefloxacin after sequentially increasing oral doses. AB - The pharmacokinetics of five dose levels of lomefloxacin (100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg) were examined in a single-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 40 subjects. There were eight subjects in each group: five received active drug and three received placebo; each subject was given only one dose. All subjects completed the study, and lomefloxacin was well tolerated at all doses. No drug crystals were noted in the urine at 3 and 6 h after the dose. The mean maximum concentration in serum (Cmax) ranged from 1.11 to 7.46 micrograms/ml for the 100- to 800-mg doses, respectively, and the AUC increased proportionally with the dose. The mean time to Cmax (Tmax) values averaged 64.8 +/- 28.8 min. The elimination half-life and plasma clearance averaged 7.7 +/- 0.52 h and 259 +/- 37 ml/min, respectively. Mean concentrations in urine were highest during the first 4 h after the dose and ranged from 104 to 713 micrograms/ml following the 100- and 800-mg doses, respectively. Concentrations above 20 micrograms/ml in urine were observed in most subjects over 24 h at the three lower doses and averaged over 120 micrograms/ml during the 12- to 24-h interval at the 400-mg dose, thus supporting once-per-day dosing. Excretion rates from urine and the cumulative amount excreted increased in a dose-related fashion. Renal clearance decreased moderately at the higher doses. Thus, lomefloxacin was well tolerated, and dose proportionality was demonstrated by most pharmacokinetic parameters. The 400-mg dose produced concentrations in plasma and urine above the MIC for susceptible pathogens. PMID- 3214496 TI - [Neuropathologic study of 15 cases of multinucleated giant cell encephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. AB - The central nervous system (CNS) of 40 patients who died of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) between August 1982 and August 1987 was examined. In 15 cases, multinucleated giant cells (MGC) characteristic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection were observed. In 3 cases ultrastructural examination disclosed HIV-like viral particles in the cytoplasm of some MGC. All cases with MGC showed, in addition, predominant white matter lesion: diffuse myelin pallor, multiple small, usually subcortical, necrotic foci, vacuolar myelopathy, proliferation of rod-shade microglia and microglial nodules, reactive astrocytosis, mineralization of the vessel walls. These changes, typical of HIV encephalitis, were isolated in 3 cases. In the other cases, they were associated with other AIDS-related CNS lesions, i.e., cerebral toxoplasmosis (9 cases), cytomegalovirus infection (5 cases), progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (1 case), cryptococcosis (1 case) and cerebral lymphoma (1 case). The involvement of MGC with these lesions was remarkable. PMID- 3214497 TI - [Melanotic adenocarcinoma of the uterus. Neuroendocrine tumor of the uterus]. AB - The case reported concerns a 76-year-old woman under treatment for a previously diagnosed "poorly differentiated endocervical adenocarcinoma". New biopsies revealed an adenocarcinomatous tumor with unexpected melanotic pigmentation. The patient underwent cesium therapy followed by colpohysterectomy with lymphadenectomy. As there were no metastases, external complementary radiotherapy was not used. Four months after surgery, a large recurrence was detected; surgical excision proved impossible but revealed a grossly pigmented tumor from which several samples were taken. The patient died 11 months after the first consultation. No autopsy was performed. Morphological study was done on the initial biopsy, on the uterine tumor and on the recurrent tumor, using histological, cytological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical techniques. Flow cytometry and biochemical study were also carried out on the recurrent tumor. All the samples studied histologically revealed uniform tumor morphology showing a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with an irregular distribution of melanin pigmentation (Fontana +). Electron microscopy confirmed the epithelial nature of the tumor, showing differentiated apical poles with villosities, linked by desmosomes. Basement membranes were irregularly present. Electron microscopy also demonstrated the melanotic nature of the pigmentation with melanosomes and premelanosomes. A few membrane-bound neurosecretory granules were seen. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor contains no S 100 protein and that no staining was obtained with monoclonal antibodies against malignant melanoma. Hormonal secretion and chromogranin were not detected. Tumor cells contained neither GFAP nor neurofilaments. Positive staining was obtained for neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin. Tumor cells contained three types of intermediate filament proteins = Vimentin, cytokeratins and peripherin (peripherin is an intermediate filament protein identified in 1984 by Portier, of the college of France, who very kindly supplied the antiserum and was good enough to do most of the biochemical study. Peripherin is considered to be characteristic of the peripheral nervous system. This case is the first example of demonstration of peripherin in a tumor). The biochemical study gave the following results: Cytosol assays for estrogen and progesterone receptors were negative. Vimentin, cytokeratins and peripherin were demonstrated by a study carried out in the College de France. No GFAP was found. A study of the metabolism of melanin derivatives showed high levels of urinary dopamine, serum and cytosol L. dopa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3214498 TI - [Spontaneous dactylolysis or ainhum. Histopathologic study]. AB - Ainhum or dactylolysis spontanea is characterized by the occurrence of a circular constriction located at the root of the 5th toe, rarely of a finger. It deepens, the toe becomes disabled and finally amputation occurs, spontaneously or by surgery. It is a tropical disease of the adult, the origin of which remains obscure. It seems frequent in Niger. 7 cases have been histologically studied. Classical features have been found, including hyperkeratosis, chronic dermatitis, osteoporosis with cortical bone resorption. This study has also revealed in all cases complete ligamental destruction. Moreover, vegetal foreign body granulomas have been found in 4 cases, lying deep in the dermis and in one case in a synovial membrane. Ainhum is compared with pseudo-ainhum seen in genodermatosis, in yaws and in congenital strictures. Among the usually considered etiopathogenetic hypotheses, our findings are in favor of a mechanical and inflammatory origin. PMID- 3214499 TI - [Amniotic band syndrome associated with an acardiac malformation in a twin pregnancy. Apropos of a case]. AB - We report herein a case of a twin pregnancy with one fetus showing an amniotic band syndrome, the other being an acardiac monster. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of this unusual combination. Both fetuses showed multiple severe malformations. According to the classification of Napolitani, one fetus had to be classified as "acardius anceps". The malformations of both bodies and the anomalies of both umbilical cords suggest a similar defect of the germinal disc, possibly occurring very early during the pregnancy. PMID- 3214500 TI - [Neural tube defect associated with thoracoabdominal evisceration]. AB - The accompanying central nervous system (CNS) malformation in thoracoabdominal evisceration syndrome has up till now not been given much attention. Two such cases in the early fetal stages are demonstrated here, in which CNS anomalies were severely dysraphic. It is possible that babies with the evisceration syndrome are less capable of surviving when the CNS complication is severe. This may well be the reason why CNS complication of the syndrome has seldom been observed. PMID- 3214501 TI - [Lobomycosis]. AB - Lobomycosis is a rare disease occurring with predilection in the Amazonian region. We report the clinical and histological presentation of a patient living in Peru. The lesion resembled an hypertrophic scar located on the neck. It corresponded to a massive infiltration of the dermis by macrophages loaded with numerous Loboa loboi. PMID- 3214502 TI - [Buccal histoplasmosis. Apropos of a case with a difficult histopathologic diagnosis]. AB - A 65-year-old man who had lived in several tropical countries, particularly in Brazil, is observed for an ulcerative lesion of the mouth that appeared two months ago. The biopsy reveals polymorphic granuloma with numerous giant cells. PAS and Gomori-Grocott stains show very numerous roundish structures of variable size (3 microns to 15 microns). There are multiple buds like in paracoccidioidomycosis but culture reveals Histoplasma capsulatum. These abnormal forms have been described in large necrotic zones and especially in endocarditis (intravascular proliferations). To our knowledge, it is the first description of these forms in primary infestation. This case shows the necessity to control histological diagnosis of mycosis. Culture and biological identification are absolutely necessary for specific diagnosis. PMID- 3214504 TI - [Role of the pathologist in the treatment of osteosarcoma]. AB - We describe the pathological method for the study of osteosarcoma surgical specimens treated by chemotherapy according to Rosen and Huvos. The aims of this method are to assess the extent and the histological viability of each tumor after chemotherapy. The borderline between good and bad response is about 5% viable tumor cells. This histological response determines postoperative chemotherapy. PMID- 3214503 TI - [Dapaong "tumor". Helminthiasis caused by Oesophagostomum]. AB - 28 cases of pseudotumors of the bowel, ileum and appendix by an infestation with Oesophagostomum bifurcum, a rare human parasite, are studied. PMID- 3214506 TI - Prospects for geochemical-geomedical research in northern Finland. PMID- 3214505 TI - [Malignant lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue]. PMID- 3214507 TI - A serological mass examination for syphilis in Greenland in 1987. PMID- 3214508 TI - Cervical cytology in Greenland and occurrence of cervical carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, and dysplasia. Extent and impact of uncoordinated screening activity 1976 1985. PMID- 3214509 TI - A new method for estimating the radioactive iodine dose in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3214510 TI - An intervention to increase mammography screening in a family medicine residency program. PMID- 3214511 TI - [Suspension of medical staff privileges at a private or community hospital]. PMID- 3214512 TI - [Basic strategies of clinical research for the primary care physician]. PMID- 3214513 TI - X-ray diagnosis. Vertical concentric tear of the medial meniscus. PMID- 3214514 TI - Hemodynamic effect of ketamine in swine with mature autonomic nervous system. PMID- 3214515 TI - [Blood component therapy program for surgical practice. Comment on the article by Gluck, Dorothee, Kubenek and Ahnefeld: blood component therapy--a transfusion plan for consequent use of volume replacement, mass transfusion and in shock]. PMID- 3214516 TI - [Local and general experimental anti-anaphylactic effect of 554 L, a synthetic antihistaminic]. AB - 554 L, a synthetic histamine depressant, was first made in September 1956. In spite of the age of this compound, it seemed to us that it may be of interest to examine it for possible experimental general and localised bronchial antianaphylactic activity. In the first experiments, the results showed an anti anaphylactic effect in guinea pigs that had been sensitised to cow milk. The second study proved that there was an anti-anaphylactic effect locally on the bronchii by an aerosol of 554 L or Hypostamine on guinea pigs that were sensitive to OVA. These results may produce development of this old compound in delayed release and aerosol presentations. PMID- 3214517 TI - [Type I hypersensitivity to latex]. AB - Allergy to latex causes serious accidents that are often unrecognised. These accidents are perfectly predictable by a simple interrogation, together with skin and biological tests. Populations at risk can be identified: persons undergoing treatment, particularly the disabled and also housewives. There is a risk of further increases in the number of cases of hypersensitivity to latex due to the expanding use of preservatives. The study undertaken at the CHU at Angers has shown that allergy to fruits is frequent in patients who are sensitive to latex. The exact nature of allergy to Hevea is not yet well understood: it is not possible at present to decide whether there is "crossed allergy" or whether it is one part of a larger syndrome. PMID- 3214518 TI - [Treatment of dehydration secondary to diarrhea with intravenous solutions]. PMID- 3214519 TI - [Low birth weight and the functioning of the central nervous system in the first years of life]. PMID- 3214520 TI - [Intrauterine malnutrition: I. L-tryptophan, serotonin and plasma amino acids in humans]. PMID- 3214521 TI - [Relation of the route of delivery and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm newborn infants]. PMID- 3214522 TI - [Reasons for hospitalization of children with diarrhea]. PMID- 3214524 TI - [Ascorbic acid content of human milk substitutes]. PMID- 3214523 TI - [Enteropathy caused by gluten sensitivity. Celiac disease]. PMID- 3214525 TI - [Newborn infants of mothers with heart disease]. PMID- 3214526 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia]. PMID- 3214527 TI - [New oral hydration solutions in acute diarrhea]. PMID- 3214528 TI - [Peroperative management in neonatal surgery]. PMID- 3214529 TI - [Urinary tract infection and its probable relation to the deviation of the urine toward the vagina during micturition]. PMID- 3214530 TI - Phantom auditory sensation in rats: an animal model for tinnitus. AB - In order to measure tinnitus induced by sodium salicylate injections, 84 pigmented rats, distributed among 14 groups in five experiments, were used in a conditioned suppression paradigm. In Experiment 1, all groups were trained with a conditioned stimulus (CS) consisting of the offset of a continuous background noise. One group began salicylate injections before Pavlovian training, a second group started injections after training, and a control group received daily saline injections. Resistance to extinction was profound when injections started before training, but minimal when initiated after training, which suggests that salicylate-induced effects acquired differential conditioned value. In Experiment 2 we mimicked the salicylate treatments by substituting a 7 kHz tone in place of respective injections, resulting in effects equivalent to salicylate-induced behavior. In a third experiment we included a 3 kHz CS, and again replicated the salicylate findings. In Experiment 4 we decreased the motivational level, and the sequential relation between salicylate-induced effects and suppression training was retained. Finally, no salicylate effects emerged when the visual modality was used. These findings support the demonstration of phantom auditory sensations in animals. PMID- 3214531 TI - Rate of forgetting in H.M.: 6-month recognition. AB - The picture-recognition performance of H.M. and six control subjects was evaluated 6 months after initial learning, using materials from an earlier study in which H.M. received additional study time in order to equate his yes-no and delayed-match-to-sample (DMS) performance 10 min after learning to that of control subjects. In the study detailed here, 6-month recognition performance was assessed with no intervening exposure to the target items. H.M. performed at chance levels when tested using the standard yes-no recognition procedure. When the yes-no procedure was modified so that distractor stimuli required positive responses, H.M.'s performance was comparable with that of control subjects. In addition, H.M.'s DMS and delayed-nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) performance were comparable with that of control subjects 6 months after learning. Conclusions regarding H.M.'s 6-month recognition performance are thus dependent on the procedures used to assess memory. PMID- 3214532 TI - Acquisition of a complex place task in rats with selective ibotenate lesions of hippocampal formation: combined lesions of subiculum and entorhinal cortex versus hippocampus. AB - The effects of isolating the hippocampus from its neocortical inputs and outputs by damaging the deep layers of entorhinal cortex and subiculum were compared with direct removal of the hippocampus using acquisition of a complex radial maze task. A series of eight problems (four out of eight arms being correct) were learned under either massed (45 s) or distributed (10 min) practice conditions, thus varying contextual information. Performance of rats with subiculum/entorhinal cortex lesions was similar to that of controls in all aspects of the radial maze task; whereas animals with hippocampal lesions were impaired on nearly all dependent measures. Although the effects of varying the intertrial interval were generally small, distributed practice did serve to facilitate the performance of hippocampal rats in terms of working memory. These findings are discussed as they related to recent theorizing in the area. PMID- 3214534 TI - Recovery of sensorimotor function after frontal cortex damage in rats: evidence that the serial lesion effect is due to serial recovery. AB - Multiple-staged brain lesions produce fewer and smaller behavioral effects than does damage produced in a single surgery. This is called the serial lesion effect. Two hypotheses were tested, the reduced deficit hypothesis and the serial recovery hypothesis, which attempt to explain the serial lesion effect. The effects of lesions of the medial frontal cortex on sensorimotor behavior were investigated in rats that received bilateral damage in a single surgery (n = 7), in two unilateral stages separated by 3 weeks (n = 16), or unilateral damage followed 3 weeks later by a sham surgery (n = 5). Unilateral damage produced deficits on the contralateral side in responsivity to visual, tactile, and olfactory stimuli and impairments in roll-over and paw withdrawal motor responses. All behavioral impairments except visual placement recovered over the next 3 weeks. A second unilateral lesion on the contralateral side produced the same symptoms but on the opposite side of the body. There was no reinstatement of the previously recovered deficits. Bilateral damage incurred in a single stage produced these same deficits on both sides. Because the effects of the second unilateral lesion in the two-stage group produced comparable contralateral effects to those produced in the single-stage group, but no reinstatement of ipsilateral deficits occurred, the reduced deficit hypothesis was rejected. It was concluded that at least for medial frontal cortex damage, the serial lesion effect occurred as a result of serial recovery of the deficits. PMID- 3214533 TI - Role of dentate gyrus cells in retention of a radial arm maze task and sensitivity of rats to cholinergic drugs. AB - Male adult Fischer-344 rats that received bilateral injections of colchicine into two rostrocaudal sites showed relatively long-lasting alterations in the performance of a previously acquired radial arm maze task and specific destruction of dentate granule cells. Results of subsequent experiments with cholinergic drugs indicated that physostigmine or nicotine had no effect on the number of errors made in the maze, although other signs of cholinergic or pharmacological activity were present. RS-86, an analog of the muscarinic agonist arecoline, decreased errors in colchicine-treated rats, but these effects were associated with signs of parasympathetic overstimulation and behavioral sedation. Pretreatment with scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, increased errors in control rats but had no effect in colchicine-treated rats. Results of subsequent experiments found that colchicine-treated rats were less sensitive to the motor stimulant effect of scopolamine. These effects appeared to be associated with increased levels of choline acetyltransferase in the hippocampus and a down regulation of muscarinic postsynaptic receptors. One interpretation of these data is that intradentate colchicine may destroy granule cells, which leads to a compensatory reinnervation of cholinergic nerve terminals having cell bodies in the septum. PMID- 3214535 TI - Nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions: lack of biochemical and immunocytochemical recovery and effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on passive avoidance. AB - Lesions of the rat nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBM) result in a marked decrease in cortical choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and in behavioral deficits. After unilateral ibotenic acid (IBO) lesions of the nBM in rats, there was a significant ipsilateral loss of frontal and parietal CAT, which did not recover for 3 months following surgery and was accompanied by a loss of CAT immunoreactivity in the peripallidal region. Bilateral ibotenate nBM lesions resulted in a marked deficit of one-trial step-through passive avoidance (PA) at 24 hours. Cholinesterase inhibitors including physostigmine, N-ethylaklylphenyl carbamate (RA-6), and N,N-methylethylphenyl carbamate (RA-7) were administered in separate experiments, for 2 days before retrieval testing or for 3 consecutive days during consolidation immediately following training. Nonsignificant improvements in PA latency were produced using 0.32 mg/kg physostigmine and 2.5 mg/kg RA-6 administered before retrieval testing. The results suggest that destruction of cholinergic neurons in the nBM are involved in the PA deficit, but does not exclude the possibility that damage to other neuronal systems may contribute to the observed behavioral deficit. PMID- 3214536 TI - Effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on Morris water task behavior following lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. AB - The effect of bilateral nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBM) lesions on performance in the Morris water task was examined in the rat, and the ability of anticholinesterase inhibitors to reverse the behavioral deficit was evaluated. Lesions of nBM resulted in a prolongation of escape latency. A spatial probe trial revealed that animals with sham lesions swam a greater percentage of the distance in the platform quadrant; this finding was abolished by nBM lesions. Lesions of nBM produced a nonsignificant increase in both open-field activity and activity-box scores. In Experiment 1, administration of 0.32 mg/kg physostigmine on Day 3 only resulted in a decrease in escape latency. In Experiment 2, in which cholinesterase inhibitors were administered daily for 5 days, 0.32 mg/kg but not low-dose physostigmine or two substituted N,N-alkyl phenyl carbamate cholinesterase inhibitors (RA-6 and RA-7) again improved escape latency on Day 3. Thus it was concluded that nBM lesions impair behavior on the Morris water task and physostigmine shortens escape latency. PMID- 3214537 TI - Effect of atropine on intracortical evoked potentials during classical aversive conditioning in cats. AB - In this article, intracortical evoked potentials (EPs) were recorded simultaneously from six different depths of the auditory cortex of freely moving cats. The effect of (a) different states of vigilance and that of atropine, (b) classical aversive conditioning, and (c) the effect of atropine during conditioning was studied on the intracortical EP profiles. Atropine induced EP changes that were similar to those seen in slow wave sleep. During classical aversive conditioning signal stimuli elicited a middle-latency negative EP component which was localized to the superficial cortical layers. Atropine (2 mg/kg body weight) did not abolish the appearance of this component but only increased its latency. It is proposed that the cholinergic part of the ascending activating system did not play an essential role in its generation. PMID- 3214538 TI - Acoustic startle response in young and aging C57BL/6J and CBA/J mice. AB - C57BL/6J (C57) mice demonstrate progressive age-related hearing loss during the first year of life, whereas CBA/J (CBA) mice lose little sensitivity through 18 months of age. The acoustic startle response (ASR) was measured in these strains to determine behavioral correlates of aging with and without presbycusis. The stimuli were tone pips (10-ms duration, 1-ms rise-fall) with frequencies of 4, 8, 12, 16, or 24 kHz at intensities of 70, 80, 90, or 100 dB SPL. ASR "thresholds" (the minimum SPL required to elicit ASRs more than 50% of the time) increased with age, and startle amplitudes became smaller in both strains. However, the changes in these startle parameters were much more pronounced in C57 mice, with middle to high frequencies (12-24 kHz) severely affected. The startle latencies at and above ASR "threshold" increased with age in C57 mice, but did not change in CBA mice. The CBA data indicate that aging, per se, has little effect on ASR parameters; the C57 data show that hearing loss is a cogent factor. However, ASR parameters of C57 mice are altered to a greater extent than expected, on the basis of the elevations of absolute sensory thresholds, particularly for middle frequencies (12-16 kHz). Both peripheral and central mechanisms are proposed to account for the discrepancy. PMID- 3214539 TI - Ontogeny of activity in inbred and random-bred strains of mice: effects of scopolamine. AB - In Experiment 1, the activity of five inbred strains, A/J, BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, and DBA/2J, and two random-bred strains, Fullensdorf and Quackenbush, was observed at ages from 13 to 28 days. The C3H/HeJ, Fullensdorf, and Quackenbush strains exhibited a sharp increase in activity, to a peak at 17 days of age, followed by a decline at later ages. In contrast, the activity of the A/J, BALB/c, C57BL/6J, and DBA/2J mouse strains increased gradually, reaching a peak at 19 days of age. These mice displayed no decline in activity at later ages. In Experiment 2, mice from the five inbred strains and the Quackenbush strain were injected with either 0, 1.0, or 4.0 mg/kg of scopolamine before activity testing at 17, 21, or 28 days of age. Scopolamine had no effect on the activity of the various strains of mice at 17 or 21 days of age. At 28 days of age, the 4.0 mg/kg dose of scopolamine was associated with increased activity in all of the mouse strains. PMID- 3214540 TI - Stressor-provoked behavioral changes in six strains of mice. AB - Behavioral changes induced by inescapable shock were examined in six strains of mice. Exposure to shock provoked time-dependent disturbances of shuttle escape performance. In some strains the shock treatment did not affect escape performance, whereas in others profound performance deficits were evident. The inescapable shock treatment likewise induced strain-dependent alterations of performance in a forced-swim task. In most instances the shock treatment initially provoked invigorated responding, but in other strains the shock had no effect or depressed active responding. Finally, Y-maze spontaneous alteration performance was not affected by the shock treatment, although a strain-dependent increase of perseverative responses was evident. The occurrence of a stressor induced deficit in one task in a particular strain of mouse was not predictive of behavioral alterations in a second task. These data are discussed with respect to animal models of depression and genetic differences associated with the response to stressors. PMID- 3214541 TI - Acquisition and reversal of taste/tactile discrimination after forebrain noradrenaline depletion. AB - Two experiments were performed to assess the role of noradrenaline (NA) on the acquisition of an aversively motivated discrimination task and its reversal. A conditioned taste aversion procedure was used. The NA depletions were achieved through two different pharmacological means: systemic N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2 bromo-benzylamine (DSP4) and destruction of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DNAB) with 6-hydroxydopamine. Both procedures caused marked reductions of NA in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. In neither of the studies (Experiment 1, DSP4, and in Experiment 2, DNAB) were there any significant changes between controls and NA-depleted rats in either the rate of acquisition of the original discrimination (Phase 1) or the subsequent reversal (Phase 2). This occurred irrespective of which of the two stimuli (a taste cue, i.e., saccharin presented in bottles with nozzles that do not have ball bearings, "silent bottles," or a tongue-tactile cue, i.e., water in bottles with nozzles that had ball bearings "noisy bottles") initially was used as the conditioned stimulus (CS1, i.e., the stimulus first followed by contingent administration of lithium chloride, and later, in Phase 2, followed by saline injections). Thus NA does not appear to be critically involved in the acquisition and reversal of a taste/tactile discrimination task. The significance of forebrain NA for other discrimination tasks is discussed. PMID- 3214542 TI - Intraoral intake and taste reactivity responses elicited by sucrose and sodium chloride in chronic decerebrate rats. AB - The oral stimulating effects of sucrose and sodium chloride (NaCl) were assessed in chronic decerebrate and pair-fed intact control rats by measuring both oral motor taste-reactivity responses and intraoral intake volume. Taste-reactivity responses were videotaped during the first minute of the intraoral taste infusion. The infusion continued until the taste solution was rejected from the mouth, and the intake volume was computed accordingly. The number of ingestive taste-reactivity responses and the volume of intraoral intake consumed by pair fed control and decerebrate rats increased with increasing sucrose concentration. Sucrose intake increased as concentration increased to 0.1 M, then plateaued between 0.3, 1.3, and 2.0 M sucrose for both groups. For control rats, intraoral NaCl elicited an inverted U-shaped function for both taste-reactivity responses and intake. Taste-reactivity responses of chronic decerebrate rats varied with NaCl concentration. In contrast to control rats, intake of NaCl did not differ from that of water for decerebrate rats. These data indicate that caudal brain stem mechanisms are sufficient to control sucrose intake but are not adequate for the concentration dependent intake of NaCl. Second, these data also indicate that it is possible for taste-elicited oral motor responses to be dissociated from intake. The different roles of taste and postingestive factors in sucrose and NaCl intake are discussed. PMID- 3214543 TI - Induction of an appetite for sodium in rats that show no spontaneous preference for sodium chloride solution--the Fischer 344 strain. AB - Fischer 344 rats show no spontaneous preference for isotonic sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. These experiments indicate, however, that a strong appetite for this solution may be induced by various methods, including adrenalectomy, administration of a mineralocorticoid hormone, acute depletion of sodium, and treatment with inhibitors of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE). These treatments were also shown to produce the expected changes in the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system, which thus appears to be involved in the induction of an appetite for NaCl solution in this strain of rat. The intakes of NaCl induced in the Fischer 344 rats by these experimental paradigms are less than those that have been reported in either Sprague-Dawley or Wistar strains in similar paradigms. In the case of sodium depletion, the intake of NaCl solution by Fischer 344 rats appears to be more closely related to the deficit than in the other two strains. Thus, the Fischer 344 strain of rats may be a particularly good model for studies of need-related sodium appetite. PMID- 3214544 TI - Characterization of morphine's excitatory effects. AB - Although the excitatory effects of opiates have assumed greater importance in theories of compulsive drug use, the nature and time course of these effects remains unclear. The authors attempted to characterize the excitatory effects of morphine by administering doses of 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg in both warm and cold environments and by undertaking simultaneous assessments of core temperature, locomotor activity, and oxygen consumption. The results argue for a two receptor model to account for morphine's thermic effects: a high-affinity receptor that activates thermogenic systems, and a low-affinity receptor that mediates a poikilothermic response. PMID- 3214545 TI - Biological correlates of behavioral development in the ant, Novomessor albisetosus (Mayr). AB - Physical changes are associated with temporal polyethism, the division of labor according to age. The period of developing ovaries corresponds with the age when workers are found with the brood and queen. Resorption of ovaries occurs at a time when workers no longer tend brood and queen. Two bursts of exoskeleton hardening and growth of the poison gland apparatus corresponds with a transitional period in the behavioral development of workers and finally with their development into nest defenders and foragers. PMID- 3214546 TI - Effects of concentration presentation order and intraoral delivery on sucrose intake. AB - In this article, intraoral intake of an ascending concentration series of sucrose was found to plateau between concentrations of 0.3 M and 2.0 M, and thus failed to show the typical inverted U-shaped intake function found in standard intake tests. Two experiments were conducted to explain this result. In Experiment 1, intraoral and standard 30-min, 1-bottle intake of ascending sucrose concentrations (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 1.3, and 2.0 M) were compared. Sucrose intake was similar for both delivery methods. In a second experiment we examined the effect of the order of sucrose concentration presentation on the 1-bottle 30 min intake of nondeprived intact rats. An ascending concentration order of the solutions produced a significantly greater intake of concentrated sucrose solutions than did a random order. This result strongly suggests that the standard decline in sucrose intake at higher concentrations is determined not only by postoral factors but also by experiential factors (i.e., order of presentation). PMID- 3214547 TI - Carboxylic acids from hairpencils of male Amauris butterflies (Lep.: Danainae). AB - 63 Carboxylic acids were identified from the male hairpencils of four species of the genus Amauris (Lep.: Danainae), namely A. echeria (Stoll), A. hecate (Butler), A. ochlea (Boisduval) and A. albimaculata Butler. Straight chain saturated as well as unsaturated carboxylic acids, some of which containing an additional oxygen function, contribute to the species-specificity of the odour bouquets. Oxygenated fatty acids form a new class of insect volatiles, 5 of the 10 ketoacids found represent new natural products. (E)-7-Oxo-11-tetradecenoic acid is the main volatile component of the hairpencils of A. echeria, the species with the highest amount of oxygenated fatty acids (70% of the extractable volatiles). 9-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is a major compound in both A. ochlea and A. albimaculata while in A. hecate oxygenated carboxylic acids are present in minute amounts only. PMID- 3214548 TI - Characterization of a lectin-binding storage protein from pea (Pisum sativum). AB - From the storage proteins of the pea (Pisum sativum), the fraction which interacts with the pea lectin by the sugar-binding site was studied. By electrophoretical subunit patterns and other criteria, this fraction resembles the group of the 7S storage proteins (vicilins). The fraction was resolved into subunits by micropreparative SDS PAGE. The N-terminal sequences of the individual subunits were determined. Most of these are identical with published vivilin subunit sequences; therefore this lectin-binding fraction belongs to the vicilins. Selected subunits and tryptic fragments were analysed for amino-acid compositions. Though unequivocal assignments to vicilin segments were possible, significant differences could be recognized, in particular in the tryptic fragments. PMID- 3214549 TI - Qualitative and quantitative determination of pheromone secretion in female gametes of Ectocarpus siliculosus (Phaeophyceae). AB - Pheromone secretion in living female gametes of Ectocarpus siliculosus was examined by closed-loop extraction and gas chromatography. The pheromone (ectocarpene) recovery efficiency was calibrated with synthetic ectocarpene and was found to depend strongly on the volume of the closed-loop system. Maximum extraction efficiency of ectocarpene (17.4%) was obtained with a small-volume system. In addition to the main compound ectocarpene, the pheromone bouquet of E. siliculosus contained minor amounts of hormosirene, multifidene and dictyotene, which until now are known only as sperm-attractants in other brown algae. The pheromone bouquet was identical in 4 clones of different geographic origins. Settled female gametes of Ectocarpus siliculosus continued to secrete pheromone and to attract male gametes for up to 7 h after their release with an ectocarpene secretion rate of 1 x 10(5) molecules s-1 cell-1. PMID- 3214550 TI - Caudoxirene, the spermatozoid-releasing and attracting factor in the marine brown alga Perithalia caudata (Phaeophyceae, Sporochnales). AB - Caudoxirene (cis-3-(1,2-trans-epoxy-but-3-enyl)-4-vinyl-cyclopentene) is a new gamete releasing factor from Perithalia caudata (Sporochnales). Its threshold concentration is found at 30 pmol for gamete release. Multifidene, viridiene and a Z-isomer of caudoxirene were identified as by-products or trace constituents. PMID- 3214551 TI - Calcium-binding lysozymes. AB - It was found that pigeon lysozyme binds one calcium ion, as does equine lysozyme. The protein was eluted with equimolar calcium ions from a Bio-Gel P-60 column. The binding constants of equine and pigeon lysozymes were determined to be 2 x 10(6) and 1.6 x 10(7) M-1, respectively, in 0.1 M KCl at pH 7.1 and 20 degrees C. During evolution the gene of calcium-binding lysozyme is deduced to be separated from that of non-calcium-binding lysozyme by gene duplication before splitting of avian and mammalian lineages, from their amino-acid sequences. It is assumed that the alpha-lactalbumin might have evolved from calcium-binding lysozyme. PMID- 3214552 TI - A simple and sensitive chromogen assay for the measurement of elastase-type enzyme activity in human plasma. AB - A highly sensitive, precise and fast automatic chromogen assay has been developed for estimation of elastase-type activity in plasma using 3-carboxypropionyl trialanine p-nitro-anilide as substrate. The assay is linear up to at least 8.7 U/l and has a detection limit of 0.003 U/l. The study demonstrates that this enzyme activity is due to one or several metalloproteinases with pH optimum at physiological pH. The plasma enzyme activity in 37 healthy persons ranged from 0.10 U/l to 0.63 U/l. The individual day to day variation was found to be about 12%. In plasma pools prepared from randomly taken samples of in- and out-patients the activity was found up to 8.7 U/l. The origin of the metalloelastase activity is discussed. PMID- 3214553 TI - The amino-acid sequence of rabbit Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. AB - The primary structure of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase from rabbit liver was investigated. The reduced and S-carboxymethylated enzyme was treated with cyanogen bromide, trypsin or Staphylococcus aureus proteinase V8. The resulting peptides were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and sequenced by automated Edman degradation. With the exception of the N- and C-terminus the complete sequence was established by means of overlapping peptides. The N terminus is blocked and thus not susceptible to Edman degradation. The amino-acid composition of the tryptic N-terminal peptide corresponds to that of the cytoplasmatic Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases of other mammals investigated. The chromatographic behaviour of these N-terminal peptides on a reversed phase C18 column is also identical, thus suggesting also for the rabbit Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase the N-terminal sequence Ac-Ala-Thr-Lys. The C-terminus was demonstrated to have the sequence -Ile-Ala-Pro by enzymatic degradation with carboxypeptidase Y. The complete amino-acid sequence of the rabbit Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase consists of 152 amino-acids and shows the expected homology to other Cu-Zn enzymes published so far. The aspartate and six histidine residues known to complex the metal ions are conserved at homologous positions. This also applies for the arginine residue near the C-terminus which is supposed to direct the anionic superoxide radical towards the active centre of the enzyme. The amino acid sequence of the rabbit Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase corresponds to those of other mammals in more than 80% of its amino-acid residues. From a total of 152 amino-acid residues the rabbit shares with rat 128, with mouse 130, with horse 127, with pig 126/127, with cattle 130 and with man 131 amino acids in homologous positions. However the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases of closely related mammals like rats and mice differ in only five amino acid residues of their sequence. A phylogenetic closer relatedness between lagomorphs and rodents than between other orders of mammals, could not be derived from the sequence data given. Rather rodents and lagomorphs are to be considered as two evolutionary independent orders of mammals. PMID- 3214554 TI - The thiol proteinases from the latex of Carica papaya L. I. Fractionation, purification and preliminary characterization. AB - Three thiol proteinases, namely papain, chymopapain and proteinase omega were purified to homogeneity from the latex of Carica papaya L. During the purification procedure, the thiol function of the cysteinyl residues were protected either as mixed disulfides with cysteamine or 2-thiopyridone or as S sulphenylthiosulfate derivative or after blocking with p-chloromercuribenzoic acid. In marked contrast with earlier publications, chymopapain also was found to be a monothiol proteinase as papain and proteinase omega. The active sites of chymopapain and proteinase omega could not be distinguished from that of papain neither by the analysis of the pH dependence of kcat/Km nor by the examination of the pH dependence of the fluorescence emission spectra. PMID- 3214555 TI - Primary structure of the hemoglobins from Sphenodon (Sphenodon punctatus, Tuatara, Rynchocephalia). Evidence for the expression of alpha D-gene. AB - Sphenodon is the sole representative of the "beakhead" reptiles which were widely distributed during the Triassic period before the spectacular rise of dinosaurs. Sphenodon punctatus is the only survivor ("living fossil") of this period. The morphological features of Sphenodon are remarkably conservative and differ little from reptiles living 200 million years ago. In the present paper the determination of the primary structure of the tetrameric hemoglobins is described: three components are identified: hemoglobin A' (alpha A2 beta II2), hemoglobin A (alpha A2 beta I2) and hemoglobin D (alpha D2 beta II2). The components were characterized electrophoretically, the four different peptide chains were characterized by Triton electrophoresis as well as by high performance liquid chromatography. The hemoglobins and--under dissociating conditions--also the chains, were isolated on columns of cellulose ion exchangers. Sequence determination was carried out after cleavage of the individual chains with trypsin and after a specific chemical cleavage of the Asp Pro bond. For sequence determination the film technique and gas-phase method were employed. The data are compared with the sequence of the human hemoglobin, and interpretations of the amino-acid sequences are given. Particularly notable is the evidence of hemoglobin D: this hemoglobin (alpha D2 beta II2) is found only in birds, and in two cases in turtles. However, this component is not found in other reptiles. The results make possible an interpretation of the relatively high oxygen affinity and explain the lack of cooperativity (myoglobin properties) of these tetrameric hemoglobins. PMID- 3214556 TI - Morphology of dentin surfaces in chemo-mechanically prepared cavities. PMID- 3214557 TI - In situ fluoride uptake from NaF dentifrices: dose response and effects of a novel enhanced delivery system. PMID- 3214558 TI - In situ fluoride uptake from 0.05% neutral NaF mouthrinses: effects of a novel enhanced delivery system. PMID- 3214559 TI - Effect of restorative procedures for a porcelain jacket crown on gingival health and height. PMID- 3214560 TI - Glass ionomer cements in gerodontics. A status report for the American Journal of Dentistry. PMID- 3214561 TI - Preventive glass ionomer restorations. PMID- 3214562 TI - Decreased serum phosphate in essential hypertension. Related to increased sympathetic tone. AB - Forty-year old men with untreated mild essential hypertension (n = 35) had decreased serum phosphate (P less than 0.001) concomitant with elevated resting plasma epinephrine (P less than 0.05) and heart rate (P less than 0.001) compared with age-matched, normotensive control men (n = 44). Blood pressure correlated negatively with serum phosphate (P less than 0.001) and positively with plasma epinephrine (P less than 0.01) and heart rate (P less than 0.01). Serum phosphate was significantly lowered during infusion of epinephrine, increasing arterial plasma epinephrine within the lower pathophysiological range corresponding to arousal reactions. Serum concentrations of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone were unchanged. Thus, hypophosphatemia in patients with mild essential hypertension appears to be inversely related to sympathetic adrenal tone and may be caused by increased plasma epinephrine within pathophysiologic arterial concentrations. PMID- 3214563 TI - [The Netherlands Alcohol-Traffic Project in Drenthe. From imprisonment to punishment while at liberty]. PMID- 3214564 TI - A single dose study of hepatoprotective (+)-cyanidanol-3 on blood alcohol clearance. PMID- 3214565 TI - Effect of 3-deazaadenosine on methionine metabolism in isolated perfused livers. AB - The effect of the purine analog 3-deazaadenosine (dzAdo) on the metabolism of sulfur-containing compounds was examined in hepatocytes. The uptake of exogenous methionine by the liver was not affected by the addition of dzAdo to the perfusate, while the intracellular concentrations of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) continued to increase as long as exogenous methionine was available. In addition, large amounts of 3-deazaadenosyl L-homocysteine (dzAdoHcy) accumulated in the cell. The specific radioactivity of the carbon chain of dzAdoHcy was the same as that of AdoMet and AdoHcy. Consequently, an equivalent amount of homocysteine (Hcy) must have been generated via hydrolysis of AdoHcy. Free Hcy could not be detected either in the tissue or perfusate when dzAdo was present, while Hcy was excreted into the perfusate by control livers. Consequently, the AdoHcy and DzAdoHcy that accumulate in the cell not only function as inhibitors of methylation reactions, but serve as a trap for Hcy. This could result in methionine starvation and hence, inhibition of protein synthesis. PMID- 3214566 TI - Rabbit intestinal and colonic mucins: isolation, partial characterization, and measurement of secretion using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. AB - Mucin was purified separately from the upper, mid, and distal small intestine and the proximal colon of the rabbit. The carbohydrate profiles of the three intestinal mucins were the same but differed from that of the colonic mucin, which contained less N-acetylgalactosamine but more sialic acid. All four mucins had similar polymeric structures composed of large, heterogeneous glycoprotein monomers and a smaller protein of Mr approximately 120,000, held together by disulphide bonds. The three intestinal mucins, however, were more resistant to dissociation by thiol reduction or degradation by proteolysis than colonic mucin. An antibody against a pool of the purified mucins was developed in guinea pigs and used to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody was highly specific for rabbit intestinal and colonic mucins, showing no cross reactivity with nonmucin components of rabbit intestinal and colonic tissue, and very little or no reactivity with purified intestinal mucins from other species. The four purified rabbit mucins had the same affinity for the antibody and similar numbers of antigenic determinants. Antigenicity was apparently associated with the protein moeity of the mucins and was critically dependent on three dimensional conformation, since proteolysis decreased the number of antigenic determinants while thiol reduction abolished antigen-antibody affinity. Using the ELISA, the tissue mucin content and the rate of mucin secretion were found to be significantly higher in the proximal colon that in the three regions of the intestine, which were the same. PMID- 3214567 TI - The structures of the two lipopolysaccharide O-chains produced by Salmonella boecker. AB - Salmonella boecker, which belongs to group 0:6, 14(H) and shows the antigenic factors 6, 14, [1], and [25], defined by the Kauffmann-White system, produces two lipopolysaccharides differing from each other in the structures of their 0-poly saccharide moieties. By glycose composition, partial hydrolysis, nitrous acid deamination, methylation, optical rotation, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies, the O-polysaccharides were demonstrated to be high-molecular weight polymers (I and II) composed of either structurally related repeating tetrasaccharide or repeating pentasaccharide units having the structures and (table; see text). PMID- 3214569 TI - [Mandibular development of rat pups nursed by mothers on a low-calcium diet]. PMID- 3214568 TI - Exofacial regions of the glucose transporter of human erythrocytes: detection with polyclonal antibodies. AB - The glucose transporter of human erythrocytes is a glycoprotein of 492 amino acids with a Mr of 55,000. From hydrophobicity plots based on the transporter's amino acid sequence, it has been proposed that exofacially, there are only a segment of 34 residues and the glycosylating carbohydrate branch. To detect changes in the number of glucose transporters during metabolic regulation in intact cells, one should obtain antibodies directed to exofacial sites of the transporter. Antibodies to the purified glucose transporter (Band 4.5), intact or deglycosylated with endoglycosidase F, were raised in rabbits. These antibodies, when purified by column chromatography on protein A-Sepharose and by adsorption onto erythrocyte membranes, cross-reacted with the glycosylated glucose transporter on Western blots. The reactivity of the polyclonal antibodies with intact cells was tested by incubating these cells with the antibody, followed by a centrifugation and a subsequent reaction with 125I-labelled goat-antirabbit immunoglobulin G. Intact human erythrocytes reacted positively with the anti-Band 4.5 antibodies but not with nonimmune sera. Reaction with human erythrocytes was about 10 times greater than with pig erythrocytes, which lack glucose transporters. The reaction with intact cells was not due to contamination with broken cells since under the conditions used, broken (freeze-thawed) cells or membranes did not sediment. Reaction with human erythrocyte membranes was more than fivefold higher than with pig erythrocyte membranes. Rat L6 muscle cells reacted with anti-Band 4.5 antibodies; there were about 10 times more binding sites in any one cell in L6 cells than in human erythrocytes, roughly paralleling their relative content of glucose transporters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3214570 TI - [Peculiar aspects in the differentiation of the ethmoidal capsule in human fetuses]. PMID- 3214571 TI - [Plasma malondialdehyde levels: marker for lipid peroxidation in man]. PMID- 3214572 TI - [Ultrasonic evaluation of gallbladder volume and diameter in a group of young subjects: epidemiologic study carried out in Bari]. PMID- 3214573 TI - [Pharmacodynamics of second-generation sulfonylureas: dose-effect curve of gliquidone in type II diabetics]. PMID- 3214574 TI - [Correlation between serum p24 antigen and the isolation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from the lymphocytes of subjects with HIV infection]. PMID- 3214575 TI - [Histochemical study of chicken intestinal mucosa carried out using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)]. PMID- 3214576 TI - [Stimulation of large afferent fibers of skeletal muscles provokes an increase in systemic arterial pressure]. PMID- 3214577 TI - [Cytomorphometric analysis of the DNA content of neurons in Auerbach's myenteric plexus]. PMID- 3214578 TI - Autoimmunity and demyelinating progressive involvement of nervous system. Dysglobulinemic polyneuropathies as possible pathogenetic model. PMID- 3214579 TI - Semantic activation and implicit memory in Alzheimer disease. AB - Patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) invariably display pronounced deficits in verbal memory when retention is tested explicitly. The present study examined the possibility that tasks which require memory only implicitly would be performed normally. Moderately demented patients with probable AD were severely impaired in free recall of a word list. On a subsequent word association test, the AD patients were less likely than normals to give items from the recall list as their word associations. The results suggest that implicit verbal memory, as well as explicit memory, is impaired in AD. While the magnitude of the activation effect was significantly reduced in AD patients, it was uncorrelated with recall performance or a measure of global cognitive functioning. Memory activation may thus depend on neural circuitry outside the traditional (i.e. temporo-limbic) memory system. PMID- 3214580 TI - Variation in DNA content of mononuclear cells of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - Flow cytometry studies to measure mean DNA content and intercellular variability around the mean were performed on mononuclear blood cells obtained from 21 patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and 25 cognitively intact individuals. There was no difference in the mean DNA content between both groups. However, patients with DAT had significantly increased intercellular variability compared to controls (3.52 vs. 3.06, respectively). These results are consistent with the reports of increased aneuploidy associated with DAT found on cytogenetic examination. PMID- 3214581 TI - Neoplasms of the central nervous system in Norway. II. Descriptive epidemiology of intracranial neoplasms 1955-1984. AB - A population-based study of 8480 patients - 4508 (53%) males and 3972 females - with primary intracranial neoplasms reported to the Norwegian Cancer Registry during the period 1955-84, is presented. 81% of the cases were histologically verified. The peak age-specific incidence rate in the total series occurred in the age-group 55-64 years. Gliomas constituted the largest histological group with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 5.0 cases per 100,000 population per year for males and 3.5 for females. Case ascertainment of primary intracranial neoplasms is reduced above the age of 60 in Norway, mostly due to a a low autopsy rate. The major impact of the introduction of computer tomography (CT) in the case ascertainment of intracranial neoplasms has been a raised incidence, in patients over the age of 60, of neoplasms which are not histologically verified. PMID- 3214582 TI - Verrucous carcinoma of the endometrium. A case report. AB - Curettage of a sixty-four-year-old white woman with post-menopausal metrorrhagia revealed pyometra and squamous papilloma, thought to be arising from the cervix. Presence of parakeratotic squamous epithelial cells in endometrial curettage, three years after the first clinical presentation, aroused suspicion of verrucous carcinoma of the endometrium. Uterus revealed a warty tumour with a histological picture characteristic of verrucous carcinoma. Radical surgical excision was followed by a disease-free observation period of 2 1/2 years. PMID- 3214583 TI - Synergy between a non-neuroleptic thioxanthene stereo-isomer and penicillin in vivo. AB - Some neuroleptic drugs of the phenothiazine and thioxanthene groups have an antimicrobial effect in vitro. This is also true for neuroleptically inactive stereo-isomeric analogs of the thioxanthenes e.g. trans(E)-clopenthixol (t-CPT). In a murine pneumococcus peritonitis model t-CPT demonstrated a slight, but non significant antibacterial effect in doses of 0.3-0.9 mg per mouse, while higher doses seemed to enhance the bacterial virulence. If combined with subtherapeutic doses of penicillin, a significantly higher survival rate was obtained compared with either drug given alone. In vitro studies demonstrated a similar synergistic effect. These results indicate that at least one non-neuroleptic thioxanthene stereo-isomer has an antibiotic potential also in vivo. The mechanism of action is not known. PMID- 3214584 TI - Surface charge and hydrophobicity of Campylobacter jejuni strains in relation to adhesion to epithelial HT-29 cells. AB - Hydrophobicity and surface charge of clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni strains were investigated by aqueous two-phase partitioning (one-step and counter current distribution), ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. There was a good correlation between the different physico chemical methods reflecting the same bacterial property. All strains were negatively charged and exposed a hydrophobic surface, but to a varying extent. Bacteria with a high negative surface charge and a weak hydrophobic surface adhered better to human intestinal HT-29 cells than strains with less charge and a more hydrophobic surface. Highest adhesion was shown by a strain differing from all the others in charge properties. It was also found that the tendency to aggregate was higher among the strains showing the greatest degree of adherence. PMID- 3214586 TI - Oestrogen receptor content and cancer cell/stroma ratio in mammary carcinoma. AB - In a study of 86 human breast cancers the volume fraction of the neoplastic epithelium was estimated semiquantitatively and a significant association was found between the oestrogen receptor (ER) content and volume fraction of cancer cells of tumours (p less than 0.00001). Tumours with very low cellularity could thus be falsely ER negative. When quantitative ER concentration is used to predict the response of tumours to hormonal therapy the cellularity of tumours should be taken in consideration. The cellularity was not related to ER positivity. Although a correlation was seen between the contents of oestrogen and progesterone (PR) receptors, no correlation between PR content and volume fraction of the neoplastic epithelium was observed. PMID- 3214585 TI - Transmission of measles virus encephalitis to ferrets by intracardiac inoculation of a cell-associated SSPE virus strain. AB - Ferret fibroblasts infected with a cell-associated strain of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus were inoculated into the hearts of ferrets in order to study whether the virus can spread from the blood to the brain in this animal model. Five of 21 inoculated ferrets developed encephalitis 5-7 days later and were sacrificed. Sick animals showed inflammatory lesions in the brain, both perivascular cuffings and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the choroid plexus and meninges. Virus was isolated in cell cultures from various parts of the brain and virus antigen was found by immunostaining, particularly in the cortex. Virus was not detected in inflammatory cells by immunostaining but in situ hybridization with a cDNA probe demonstrated measles virus RNA in neurons and glia cells surrounding perivascular inflammatory cuffings and in a lymph node of one ferret. Ferrets inoculated into the heart with cell-associated SSPE virus seem to be a suitable animal model to study how the virus spreads from the blood to the brain. PMID- 3214588 TI - Face recognition: a general or specific right hemisphere capacity? AB - Face-recognition ability has been claimed to be qualitatively different from other pattern-recognition abilities. One argument for this claim is the finding of a significant right hemisphere advantage for the recognition of upright but not inverted faces. However, this argument is justified only if this orientation sensitive pattern is unique to faces. In the present study, comparable patterns of orientation-sensitive involvement of the right hemisphere are found for the recognition of faces and houses. This finding is interpreted as evidence for a right hemisphere schema formation capacity that is applied not only to upright faces but also to other familiar classes of stimuli in their canonical upright orientation. It is suggested that any greater right hemisphere involvement in the recognition of upright faces is due to our greater expertise at recognizing faces than other stimulus types. We also find evidence that only a subset of right handed adults show orientation-sensitive right hemisphere involvement in the recognition of faces and houses: in particular, those dextrals with a characteristic hemispheric arousal asymmetry in favor of the right hemisphere. In contrast, dextrals with a characteristic arousal asymmetry in favor of the left hemisphere do not show significant visual field asymmetries for faces or houses in either upright or inverted orientations. PMID- 3214587 TI - Neuropathological determinants of acquired attention disorders in traumatic brain injury. AB - Attentional disorders are frequently mentioned neuropsychological sequalae following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, little is known about the recovery of attention, or the determinants of variability of attentional functioning following TBI. The present study was undertaken to examine (1) the extent to which attentional disorders are present among patients at various chronicity stages following TBI, (2) differences in performance on a number of measures of attention as a function of different clinical-neuropathological syndromes. A sample of 70 TBI subjects were rated according to different clinical neuropathological syndromes and neuropsychologically evaluated. The results suggest that TBI patients of different chronicity stages, with significantly different lengths of coma, did not significantly differ in terms of the type or severity of attentional disorders. However, when the same patients were classified according to clinical-neuropathological syndromes, significant differences in the severity and type of attentional disorders were evident. The findings were interpreted to suggest that typical indices of severity of TBI do not correlate with the severity and type of attentional disorders and that qualitative aspects of the subjects' pathology may be more important in determining the nature of the attentional disorders. PMID- 3214589 TI - The coordination of limb movements with different kinematic patterns. AB - The principles underlying the coordination of limb movements with different spatiotemporal features were explored. After an initial training session in which the same unidirectional movement had to be performed with both upper limbs, subjects attempted to coordinate two different movements in a second session, i.e., the learned unidirectional movement in the left limb and a new double reversal movement in the right limb. The findings uncovered a wide variety in patterns of interlimb dependence among and within subjects, going from a high degree of dependence to relative independence. The relationship between limbs was studied by means of a detailed analysis of the displacement and acceleration patterns and the electromyographic activity of the major muscles involved. The general underlying principle that appeared to account for the diversity in movement organization was this: higher independence between limb movements is achieved when subjects initiate the movements to be coordinated successively. This asynchrony in movement onset can possibly be viewed as an attempt to safeguard against interference. PMID- 3214590 TI - The neuropsychology of paramedian thalamic infarction. AB - A longitudinal study of three patients with CT-scan documented paramedian thalamic infarctions (bilateral, primarily right, unilateral left) is reported and the neuropsychology of human paramedian thalamic infarction is reviewed. The neuropsychological deficits following these selected lesions, the nature of the clinical memory disorder, and the neuroanatomy of memory are discussed. The significance of cortical/subcortical relationship in explaining observed behavioral changes is emphasized. Brain damage with maximum involvement in the dorsomedial nuclei and mamillothalamic tracts appears to cause primarily a memory disorder and frontal-limbic behavioral changes, the severity and profile of deficits depending on lesion extent and location. Both anterograde and remote memory loss may be present. Asymmetry in memory at the level of the thalamus was observed, following the left-verbal, right-nonverbal dichotomy. PMID- 3214591 TI - Memory strategies with brain damage. AB - The ability of anterograde amnesics with and without a history of alcoholism and patients with frontal lobe damage to think about memory, memorizing, and remembering was assessed. Alcoholic Korsakoffs' and frontal lobe patients' knowledge and use of memory strategies was deficient when compared with controls whereas nonalcoholic amnesics' was not. The use of the categorization mnemonic was assessed in a verbal learning experiment. Frontal lobe patients failed to spontaneously categorize a categorizable word list when trying to memorize it. Nevertheless, when forced to categorize the list, they benefited from the imposed structure. Nonalcoholic amnesics spontaneously categorized the list and benefited from the resulting organization. PMID- 3214592 TI - On the independence of physical and nominal codes: a correlational analysis. AB - In studies of college students, normal children at three grades, and learning disabled children, physical and nominal matching procedures were highly correlated, (range .72-.96). In each instance, expected time differences favoring physical matches were replicated. Comparable results were found with both tachistoscopic and paper-and-pencil methods. In two studies where relevant data were available, correlations were not significantly attenuated when the effects of motor speed were partialled out. The results challenge the premise that nominal and physical matching measures are empirically independent, invalidate their application as measures of independent types of information processing, and help explain inconsistent findings in hemispheric specialization research. PMID- 3214593 TI - Noninvasive external cardiac pacing for thallium-201 scintigraphy. AB - Improvements in noninvasive external cardiac pacing have led to a technique with reliable electrical capture and tolerable patient discomfort. To assess the use of this modality of pacing in combination with thallium scintigraphy as a noninvasive pacing stress test, we applied simultaneous noninvasive cardiac pacing, hemodynamic monitoring, and thallium-201 scintigraphy in 14 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for chest pain syndromes. Two patients had normal coronary arteries, while the remaining 12 had significant coronary artery disease. Thallium scintigraphic responses to pacing were compared to routine exercise thallium stress testing in nine of these 14 patients. All patients were noninvasively paced to more than 85% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate. Twelve patients demonstrated reversible thallium defects, which corresponded in 11 cases to significant lesions seen on coronary angiography. Of nine patients who underwent both pacing and exercise thallium stress tests, comparable maximal rate-pressure products were achieved. Moreover, thallium imaging at peak pacing and during delayed views did not differ significantly from exercise thallium scintigraphy. A limiting factor associated with the technique was local patient discomfort, which occurred to some degree in all patients. We conclude that noninvasive external cardiac pacing together with thallium scintigraphy is capable of detecting significant coronary artery disease and may be comparable to routine exercise thallium stress testing. This new modality of stress testing could be useful in patients unable to undergo the exercise required for standard exercise tolerance testing, particularly if improvements in the technology can be found to reduce further the local discomfort. PMID- 3214594 TI - Gastrointestinal iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine activity. AB - Radioactivity in the colon during 131-I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy may obscure or be mistaken for tumor uptake. Fecal excretion of radioactivity was examined in eight patients following therapeutic 131-I-MIBG administration (123-218 mCi, 4.551-8.066 GBq) and was found to be 0.02-1.93% of the administered dose. Semiquantitative grading of colonic activity on scintigraphy was inversely related to fecal excretion. An additional patient with marked colonic activity was studied before and after an enema: all visible gut activity was evacuated. We conclude that radioactivity in the colon seen in 131-I MIBG scintigraphy is due largely to gut excretion of 131-I and is not due to 131 I-MIBG uptake in the autonomic innervation of the gut. Laxatives and enemas are suggested for patients in which such gut radioactivity may lead to difficulties in interpretation. PMID- 3214595 TI - Prospective longitudinal study of rotavirus infections in children from birth to two years of age in Central Africa. AB - A cohort of 111 children born in Bangui (Central African Republic) was followed from birth to two years of age for rotavirus infections by biweekly stool investigations until six months of age, as well as at each diarrhoeic episode. Thirty-eight children (34.2%) exhibited at least one rotavirus infection by the age of 6 months. Thirty children (27%) presented with rotavirus-associated diarrhoea before 2 years of age. Until the children reached the age of 12 months, rotavirus was identified significantly more frequently in diarrhoeic stools than in non-diarrhoeic stools (p less than 0.001). A low diversity of characterized rotavirus strains was found; only two electrophoretypes were identified, and 91% of the strains belonged to subgroup II, serotype 1, with no special strain identified in newborns. A total of 38 children had a rotavirus infection before the age of six months, while 73 did not: only 2.6% of the first group had diarrhoea associated with rotavirus between 6 and 24 months, versus 20.5% in the second group (p less than 0.05). In two-thirds of the cases of infection, the presence of rotavirus in stools was detected only once; repetitive isolations were more frequent in diarrhoeic than in asymptomatic infections. The isolation rate of rotavirus in the general populations was found to be very low (0.2%). PMID- 3214596 TI - Isolation of swine-like influenza A(H1N1) viruses from man in Switzerland and The Netherlands. AB - Swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses were isolated from two people in Switzerland and one in the Netherlands in early 1986. In haemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase-inhibition assays, the three viruses were closely related to one another and to the A/New Jersey/8/76 strain. The Swiss patients showed only mild symptoms, whereas the Dutch patient suffered from severe pneumonia. Two of the patients had been in close contact with diseased pigs. No such contact could be established for the third patient. None of the three individuals was known to suffer from immunodeficiency. No man-to-man transmission of the virus has been detected. PMID- 3214597 TI - Low prevalence of infection by HTLV-I in populations at risk for HIV in Djibouti. AB - In order to determine whether HTLV-I (a recently discovered retrovirus causing T cell leukaemias and lymphomas, as well as tropical spastic paraparesis) was present in Djibouti in 1988, we investigated 576 subjects belonging to various groups at risk of acquiring HIV, a related retrovirus transmitted analogously to HTLV-I. Sera were screened by a commercial agglutination assay and confirmation of repeatedly reactive sera was performed by specific Western blot analysis. Four sera were strongly positive for HTLV-I by Western blotting, while one serum displayed equivocal reactivity. All positive sera came from young women who engaged in prostitution. This accounted for an HTLV-I seropositivity rate of 0.7% (95% CI, 0.03-1.4%) in the total study population and 1.2% (95% CI, 0.02-2.4%) in the population engaged in prostitution. We concluded that in Djibouti in June 1988, HTLV-I was present but that the prevalence of infection in high risk individuals was very low. PMID- 3214598 TI - Unidentified viral particles could be associated with enteritis of various commercial bird species. PMID- 3214600 TI - Potential usefulness of the chimaeric type 1/type 2 poliovirus, V510 in universal reduction of poliomyelitis morbidity. PMID- 3214599 TI - [Prevalence of antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus in sheep and goats in Senegal]. AB - A total of 1,715 randomly selected sheep and goat sera from Senegal were tested for antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that Rift Valley fever is enzootic. The prevalence is highly heterogeneous, depending on the area. Sheep and goats expressed comparable antibody prevalence, suggesting that both are involved equally in the virus cycle. PMID- 3214601 TI - Evaluation of a particle agglutination test for detection of antibodies to HIV1. PMID- 3214602 TI - [Sleep disturbances in children with congenital and acquired hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3214603 TI - [A method of morphometric evaluation of the development of the human brain]. PMID- 3214605 TI - [A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with convulsion, gait disturbance, facial palsy and multifocal CT lesions]. PMID- 3214604 TI - [Risk factors in central nervous system infection during childhood]. PMID- 3214606 TI - [An infant with kinesigenic reflex epilepsy which responded to baclofen]. PMID- 3214607 TI - [Multiple types of seizure induced by clonazepam in an epileptic patient]. PMID- 3214609 TI - [Clinical effect of allopurinol administration on intractable epilepsy]. PMID- 3214608 TI - [Case of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy with adrenocortical insufficiency and stippled calcifications of the epiphyseal cartilage]. PMID- 3214610 TI - Why not the NHS? PMID- 3214611 TI - The control of cross-infection in dentistry. PMID- 3214612 TI - Pieces of eight. PMID- 3214613 TI - Sterility before service. PMID- 3214614 TI - 'A critical approach to the reading of analytical reports'. PMID- 3214615 TI - 'Cross-infection control in dental practice'. PMID- 3214616 TI - 'Latin and Greek terms in prosthetic dentistry'. PMID- 3214617 TI - Relativity theory for dentists. PMID- 3214619 TI - Oral cancer. PMID- 3214618 TI - 'Training professionals: the essential steps'. PMID- 3214620 TI - Effect of fluoridation and secular trend in caries in 5-year-old children living in Newcastle and Northumberland. PMID- 3214621 TI - A laboratory investigation of tunnel restorations in premolar teeth. PMID- 3214622 TI - Precocious tooth eruption and loss in Letterer-Siwe disease. PMID- 3214623 TI - Labial and gingival enlargement in leprosy. PMID- 3214624 TI - Practice staff: ending the contract of employment. PMID- 3214625 TI - Patient charges and the use of dental services: some evidence. PMID- 3214626 TI - Women dentists at work. PMID- 3214627 TI - 'Why not the NHS?'. PMID- 3214628 TI - In praise of private dentistry. PMID- 3214630 TI - 'A physical and microbial evaluation of the re-use of non-sterile gloves'. PMID- 3214629 TI - 'The closure of open apices in non-vital immature incisor teeth'. PMID- 3214631 TI - 'Specialisation in dentistry'. PMID- 3214632 TI - Report of the Dental Review Working Party. PMID- 3214633 TI - 'Sealant restorations (preventive resin restorations)'. PMID- 3214634 TI - From Black to White. PMID- 3214635 TI - The Consultant Orthodontic Service--1985 survey. PMID- 3214636 TI - A comparison of child dental health in contrasting areas of Britain. PMID- 3214637 TI - Some personality factors related to dental anxiety and fear of pain. PMID- 3214638 TI - Preparation for working together. PMID- 3214639 TI - Identification in the Manchester air disaster. PMID- 3214640 TI - Voice restoration following total laryngectomy. PMID- 3214641 TI - Warfarin therapy: need for a protocol? PMID- 3214642 TI - Nocturnal pain and duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3214643 TI - An assessment of midline shift as a prognostic parameter of neurological recovery following extradural haematoma. PMID- 3214644 TI - Biliary sclerosis following formalin instillation into hydatid cysts. PMID- 3214645 TI - Haemothorax--a complication of anticoagulation for suspected pulmonary embolism. PMID- 3214646 TI - The economy of probabilistic stress: interplay of controlling activity and threat reduction. PMID- 3214647 TI - Simple tests implied by a genetic X-linked model. PMID- 3214648 TI - Kinematic networks. A distributed model for representing and regularizing motor redundancy. AB - Motor control in primates relates to a system which is highly redundant from the mechanical point of view--redundancy coming from an imbalance between the set of independently controllable variables and the set of system variables. The consequence is the manifestation of a broad class of ill-posed problems, problems for which it is difficult to identify unique solutions. For example (i) the problem of determining the coordinated patterns of rotation of the arm joints for a planned trajectory of the hand; (ii) the problem of determining the distribution of muscle forces for a desired set of joint torques. Ill-posed problems, in general, require regularization methods which allow to spell acceptable, if not unique, solutions. In the case of the motor system, we propose that the basic regularization mechanism is provided by the potential fields generated by the elastic properties of muscles, according to an organizational principle that we call "Passive Motion Paradigm". The physiological basis of this hypothesis is reviewed and a "Kinematic Network" (K-net) model is proposed that expresses the kinematic transformations and the causal relations implied by elasticity. Moreover, it is shown how K-nets can be obtained from a kinematic "Body Model", in the context of a specific task. Two particularly significant results are: (i) the uniform treatment of closed as well as open kinematic chains, and (ii) the development of a new method for the automatic generation of kinematic equations with arbitrary topology. Moreover, the model is akin to the concept of "motor equivalence" in the sense that it provides families of motor equivalent trajectories parametrized by tunable motor impedances. PMID- 3214649 TI - Pattern recognition and associative memory as dynamical processes in a synergetic system. I. Translational invariance, selective attention, and decomposition of scenes. AB - We consider a model for associative memory and pattern recognition which was devised by Haken (1987b). This model treats the activity of the neurons as continuous variables and exploits an analogy with pattern formation in synergetic systems. The capability of such a system to act as associative memory is demonstrated by the reconstruction of faces which are partially offered to the system, and which are restored by the corresponding dynamical process. We demonstrate how this model can be cast into a form which is translation invariant and how partially hidden faces in scenes can be recognized by means of the control of attention parameters of specific patterns. PMID- 3214650 TI - A two dimensional field theory for motion computation. First order approximation; translatory motion of rigid patterns. AB - The local extraction of motion information from brightness patterns by individual movement detectors of the correlation-type is considered in the first part of the paper. A two-dimensional field theory of movement detection is developed by treating the distance between two adjacent photoreceptors as a differential. In the first approximation of the theory we only consider linear terms of the time interval between the reception of a contrast element and its delayed representation by the detector and linear terms of the spatial distances between adjacent photoreceptors. As a result we may neglect terms of higher order than quadratic in a Taylor series development of the brightness pattern. The responses of pairs of individual movement detectors are combined to a local response vector. In the first approximation of the detector field theory the response vector is proportional to the instantaneous pattern velocity vector and linearly dependent on local properties of the moving pattern. The linear dependence on pattern properties is represented by a two by two tensor consisting of elements which are nonlinear, local functionals of the moving pattern. Some of the properties of the tensor elements are treated in detail. So, for instance, it is shown that the off-diagonal elements of the tensor disappear when the moving pattern consists of x- and y-dependent separable components. In the second part of the paper the tensor relation leading to the output of a movement detector pair is spatially integrated. The result of the integration is an approximation to a summation of the outputs of an array of detector pairs. The spatially integrated detector tensor relates the translatory motion vector to the resultant output vector. It is shown that the angle between the motion vector and the resultant output vector is always smaller than +/- 90 degrees whereas the angle between the motion vector and local response vectors, elicited by detector pairs, may cover the entire angular range. In the discussion of the paper the limits of the field theory for motion computation as well as its higher approximations are pointed out in some detail. In a special chapter the dependence of the detector response on the pattern properties is treated and in another chapter questions connected with the so called aperture problem are discussed. Furthermore, properties for compensation of the pattern dependent deviation angle by spatial physiological integration are mentioned in the discussion. PMID- 3214651 TI - Locking, intermittency, and bifurcations in a periodically driven pacemaker neuron: Poincare maps and biological implications. AB - Slowly adapting stretch receptor (SAO) pacemaker neurons, driven with periodic tugs, were analyzed by way of Poincare mappings (Appendix). Two behaviors were apparent. i) Intermittency characterized previously unclear situations: discharges shifted irregularly between prolonged epochs where spike phases (relative to tugs) and intervals barely changed (slid), and brief bursts with marked variations (skipped). ii) Locking was well-known: phases and intervals remained almost fixed, regardless of the initiation. Changing frequencies, map domains with locking (ordered according to spikes/tugs ratios), alternated with intermittent ones. The best fit for any experimental map was a curve, not straight but certainly unidimensional, continuous and monotonic; it varied characteristically with frequency. This suggested relations called diffeomorphisms, implying periodicity and quasi-periodicity. Outcomes, expanding previous knowledge and meaningful biologically, were i) a precise, exhaustive behavior list (including between behavior transitions) and ii) a thorough understanding or model. This, in turn, provides norms for more specific models (single-variable ones suffice), constraints upon basic mechanisms (one variable, reflecting several real ones combined, should behave as the phase), and forecasts for future experimentation (e.g., unexamined tug frequencies and amplitudes). PMID- 3214652 TI - The effect of temperature on a simulated systematically paranodally demyelinated nerve fiber. AB - The temperature dependence (from 10 degrees to 50 degrees C) of the intracellular action potentials' parameters as well as of the ionic currents' kinetics in normal and demyelinated nerve fiber is studied. The simulation of the conduction in the normal fiber is based on the Frankenhaeuser and Huxley (1964) and Goldman and Albus (1968) equations, while in the case of a demyelinated fiber according to the same equations modified by Stephanova (1988). The temperature coefficients (Q10) for the rate constants as well as for the sodium and potassium permeabilities are introduced. It is shown that increased temperature blocks conduction in the simulated demyelinated fiber at temperatures much lower than the blocking temperature for the normal fiber. When temperature is increased, the amplitude as well as the wavelength and the asymmetry of the potential decrease. The relationship between conduction velocity and temperature is non-linear. The velocity increases when the temperature approaches the blocking temperature, after which abruptly drops. At a given degree of demyelination with increasing temperatures, the ionic currents' flow and the membrane conduction respectively increase, but, at lower temperatures, when the degree of the demyelination is increased, the conduction is blocked. PMID- 3214653 TI - Recurrent bone regeneration in titanium implants. Experimental model for determining the healing capacity of bone using quantitative microradiography. AB - An experimental technique for quantitative assessment of bone repair was tested. The recurrent regeneration capacity of cortical bone was analyzed in consecutive 3 wk periods, using an osseointegrated titanium implant, the Bone Harvest Chamber (BHC), in the proximal tibial metaphysis of the rabbit. The BHC is a divisible implant penetrated by a canal into which newly formed bone tissue will grow during a 3 wk healing period. The newly formed bone tissue may easily be collected (harvested) without the animal being killed. After 3 wk, bone tissue can again be harvested, in principle, indefinitely. Intact harvested specimens were quantified by microradiography-videodensitometry, yielding a total specimen mass in mg aluminium equivalent. This unit correlated very well to a specimen dry weight (r = 0.996) and an average mineralized bone density (r = 0.937). The specimens were also examined by correlative histology. Three weeks after implant insertion, the chambers had become integrated in the bone tissue but the average bone mass varied widely, influenced by the surgical insertion trauma. Six weeks after insertion, the greatest average bone mass was found, indicating an intense ongoing osseointegration. The amount of bone regenerated at later harvests was fairly equal, indicating a stabilization of the implant bed to the repeat stimulus, i.e. harvesting. Bone regeneration differed significantly between animals, but also intraindividual variations, i.e. different amounts of bone formed in the same chamber, were observed. PMID- 3214654 TI - Cell attachment of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro to porous-surfaced titanium alloy discs coated with collagen and platelet-derived growth factor. AB - The influence of biological coating, with or without the incorporation of growth factor, on the migration, attachment and orientation of human gingival fibroblasts in relation to porous-surfaced titanium alloy (Ti6AI4V) discs, was measured. Comparison was made between coating the discs with collagen and with collagen incorporating platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF); controls comprised porous-surfaced discs coated with agar or collagen containing bovine serum albumin (used as a carrier for the PDGF), uncoated porous-surfaced Ti6AI4V discs (with or without additional protein additives) exhibited significantly higher attachment indices (AI) and orientation indices (OI) compared with naked control discs (p less than 0.01); OI was also significantly higher than that of surface demineralized root slices (p less than 0.001) on days 1, 2 and 3. Addition of PDGF to the collagen resulted in a further enhancement in OI on days 1 and 2 (p less than 0.01) over that shown by discs coated with collagen incorporating the bovine serum albumin vehicle. There was no cell attachment and consequently, no cell orientation, in relation to Ti alloy discs that had been coated with agar. These data suggest that attachment and orientation of cells following migration in relation to porous-surfaced Ti6AI4V discs can be modified by the application of biological molecules to the surface of the disc. This may have a useful application in clinical implantology. PMID- 3214655 TI - Commercially pure titanium Steinhauser plate-screw system for maxillofacial surgery. AB - The introduction of titanium in maxillofacial surgery is advantageous because the removal of the plates and screws by a second operation is no longer necessary due to the high biocompatibility of the material. A further advantage is the availability of two types of plates (maxillary and mandibular) with different hardness and malleability. PMID- 3214656 TI - Results of histological grading on 100 cases of hip prosthesis failure. AB - One hundred cases of hip prosthesis failure were classified on the basis of the different types of tissue reaction occurring around alloplastic material. The results revealed infectious phlogosis in 32% of the cases, phlogosis due to wear in 42%, phlogosis due to allergy in 1% and mixed phlogosis in 25%. The distribution of the type and degree of intensity of the phlogosis, in relation to the duration of the implant, is also highlighted. This new grading technique yields reproducible results. PMID- 3214657 TI - Tensile properties of suture materials. AB - The tensile properties of three new sutures, two non-absorbable and one absorbable material, have been evaluated and compared with those of polypropylene and nylon sutures. It was found that the five materials differed significantly in their tensile strengths and elastic/plastic deformation characteristics but displayed comparable elongations at failure. All sutures showed a decrease in failure load and elongation at failure when knotted. Most materials showed an increased tensile strength and decreased elongation at failure for smaller suture gauges, and this behaviour is thought to be related to their internal molecular organization. PMID- 3214658 TI - Biocompatibility of carbon-carbon materials: in vivo study of their erosion using 14carbon labelled samples. AB - Several uncertainties have to be resolved concerning the in vivo erosion of carbon-carbon composite materials and the outcome of the resulting particles. We studied these phenomena with implants superficially doped with 14carbon, specially prepared using the usual production processes of these materials. The samples implanted in rats presented changes in their measured radioactivity which proved erosion. Autoradiographies of the whole animal as well as pathological studies of peri-implanted tissues with histoautoradiographies of the related sections revealed the presence of carbon at a distance from the implant. However, the majority of the eroded particles were retained in the fibrous capsule surrounding the implant. The methods of electron-diffraction, associated with electron microscopy, seem to be a tool suitable to characterize the nature (fibrous or pyrolytic) of the carbon particles present in the capsule. PMID- 3214659 TI - Influence of a standard laboratory diet containing nutritionally adequate levels of selenium on renal pathology from mercury released by experimental amalgam tattoos. AB - Twenty-four guinea pigs were subcutaneously implanted with 2 X 25 mg of powdered dental amalgam for between 1 and 24 months. Four animals served as controls. All animals were fed a standard diet containing 0.2 microgram/g selenium (Se). Mercury (Hg) was released from the implants at an average rate of 21.7 micrograms/d and 4.35-16.94 micrograms of Se were consumed daily in the diet. The renal Hg rose to a maximum of 263 micrograms/g at 11 months in implanted animals and 6.65 mg Hg was excreted over 2 yr. The renal proximal tubular cells of implanted animals contained visible Hg deposits in secondary lysosomes and within nuclei containing both Hg and Se. No other signs of obvious renal pathology were seen in implanted animals as compared with controls. It would seem likely that the low Se levels present within this standard laboratory diet were sufficient to protect against Hg toxicity. PMID- 3214660 TI - Effect of the size and surface charge of polymer microspheres on their phagocytosis by macrophage. AB - Polystyrene and phenylated polyacrolein microspheres of different diameters, as well as modified cellulose microspheres with different surface charges, were prepared in order to study the size and surface charge effect on their phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal macrophages. It was found that the maximal phagocytosis of polystyrene and phenylated polyacrolein microspheres took place when their size was in the range 1.0-2.0 microns. Microspheres with hydrophobic surfaces were more readily phagocytosed than those with hydrophilic surfaces. There was no significant difference in phagocytosis between cationic and the anionic surfaces when compared at a zeta potential of the same absolute value. The least phagocytosis was observed for cellulose microspheres with non-ionic hydrophilic surfaces. Addition of fetal calf serum to the culture medium resulted in decrease in phagocytosis for all microspheres. PMID- 3214661 TI - Subcutaneous polymeric matrix system p(HEMA-BGA) for controlled release of an anticancer drug (5-fluorouracil). II: Release kinetics. AB - A subcutaneous polymeric drug delivery system, which consists of a polymeric matrix of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-bisglycol acrylate), was developed. 5 fluorouracil was used as the model anticancer drug. Polymer-drug beads with a diameter of 3 mm were prepared by low-temperature radiation polymerization. In order to modify the release rate, polymeric beads with different composition, drug loading and crosslinking density were obtained. The kinetics of drug release were described by the expression Mt/M infinity = ktn. The diffusional release exponent 'n', which was calculated from the release curves, indicated that the mechanism of drug release from the polymeric matrix is due to the anomalous (non Fickian) type of diffusion. PMID- 3214662 TI - Hydrogels in endovascular embolization. IV. Effect of radiopaque spherical particles on the living tissue. AB - In this study we report the results of toxicological, histological and haematological experiments on radiopaque spherical particles based on poly(2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate). These particles have been developed for endovascular occlusion of various organs. Radiopacity was attained by two independent methods: the chemical attachment of radiopaque substances to the hydrogel or the precipitation of radiopaque substances in the hydrogel network. The first method yields particles that appear to have uniformly-distributed contrast material, but in the particles prepared by the second procedure the contrast material is predominantly located on the surface. The visibility of such particles by X-rays makes possible controlled embolus introduction and inspection of the polymer for long periods after embolization. Radiopaque contrasting changes the morphology and reduces the porosity of the material but supports quick thrombus formation. Embolic material implanted in rabbits becomes surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule and undergoes partial organization. This and other results of medico biological investigations have fully demonstrated the biocompatibility of radiopaque spherical emboli, which can now be used clinically. PMID- 3214663 TI - Irritation effects of residual products derived from p(HEMA) gels. II. Compounds extracted from hydrogels. AB - Samples of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) p(HEMA) hydrogels were prepared using three different polymerization initiators. The gels were washed in water under standard conditions. The extracts were then examined for intradermal irritation in rats using a radioactive indicator (113mIn). The irritation effects were dependent on the concentrations of the irritating substances and also on the gel type. Solid discs made of the gels, washed to varying degrees of purity, were also implanted into rats. Tissue irritation, as well as some other biological responses, were followed in situ using the radioindicator and common histological techniques. The irritation effects were very mild (even with the unextracted gel material). A possible explanation for the events taking place at the site of implantation is presented. PMID- 3214664 TI - [Central venous blood temperature as a sensor for a frequency-adapted pacemaker system]. PMID- 3214665 TI - [A telemetric transmission system for in vivo measuring of hip joint force with instrument-implanted prostheses]. PMID- 3214666 TI - Higher education courses in biomedical engineering in Europe. PMID- 3214667 TI - A new photoelectric device for contact-free recording of diameters of short blood vessel segments in vitro. PMID- 3214668 TI - Sensory feedback of the gripping force of an EMG controlled forearm prosthesis. PMID- 3214669 TI - Automated three dimensional movement analysis using the CODA-3 system. PMID- 3214671 TI - A dentist's guide to understanding malpractice coverage. PMID- 3214670 TI - Full text of AIDS, HIV policy statement. PMID- 3214672 TI - Determination of the N-acetyl metabolites of 4,4'-methylene dianiline and 4,4' methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) in urine. AB - A sensitive and specific gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay is described for the determination of N-acetyl 4,4'-methylene dianiline (N-acetyl MDA) and N-acetyl 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (N-acetyl MbOCA) in urine. The method is based on the solvent extraction of the compounds together with deuterium-labelled internal standards, the compounds being separated and detected by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as their pentafluoropropyl derivatives. The method has been applied to the detection of N-acetyl MbOCA and N acetyl MDA in the urine of workers occupationally exposed to MbOCA and MDA. The results show that whilst N-acetyl MbOCA is a relatively minor urinary metabolite a significant proportion of MDA is excreted as the N-acetylated compound. PMID- 3214673 TI - The determination of the amino acid sequence in the fast atom bombardment mass spectra of dipeptides. AB - The positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectra of dipeptides all exhibit the MH+ ion as the most abundant one. Direct identification of the N-terminal amino acid in the mass spectrum is not possible because of the absence of its acylium ion. Fortunately the identification of the C-terminus is often possible because of the occurrence of the protonated C-terminal amino acid as a result of MH+ ion fragmentation. In all cases, including those where the abundance of this C terminal ion is too low for identification, the metastable ion spectrum of the MH+ ion provides sufficient information for an unequivocal sequence determination. PMID- 3214674 TI - Diagnostic positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of low-molecular-weight ammonium compounds of marine origin. AB - Five ammonium compounds--betaine, taurine, homarine, trigonelline and tetramethylammonium chloride--were investigated by positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. Observation of the parent cation [M + H]+ together with series of clusters (e.g. [nM + H]+, n = 2-5) and fragmentation patterns in the positive FAB mode may be used diagnostically as a fingerprint of the compound. The shifts in mass and relative intensity by addition of trichloroacetic acid and metal salts offer corroborating information of the identity of a compound in a mixture. The FAB negative ion spectra were characterized by clusters incorporating the anion (e.g. [M + Cl]-) but are generally less informative than the spectra obtained in the positive mode. PMID- 3214675 TI - Measurement of phenylacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma using combined gas chromatography/electron capture chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - Details are presented of an ultra-sensitive gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay for phenylacetic acid in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid based on measurements of the relative intensities of the carboxylate anions, derived from the penta- and tetrafluorobenzyl esters under electron capture chemical ionization conditions, of unlabeled and a (13C2)-labeled internal standard. The limits of detection for the penta- and tetrafluorobenzyl esters are 0.85 and 4.0 pg respectively, and the assay is capable of measuring phenylacetic acid concentrations in samples as small as 20 microliter of CSF and plasma. The penta- and tetrafluorobenzyl esters are chromatographically separated on the gas chromatograph column, which allows for their co-injection and independent measurement from the same chromatogram. PMID- 3214676 TI - Potassium ion ionization of desorbed species (K+IDS): a rapid method for the screening of urine for organic acidemias. AB - A new desorption/ionization mass spectrometric technique, K+ ionization of desorbed species (K+IDS), is evaluated as a rapid method for differentiating various organic acidemias, conditions in which excessive levels of organic acid metabolites are present in plasma or urine as a result of some inborn error of metabolism. This method requires no derivatization of the isolated organic acids, unlike that required for gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analyses. 'Batch' mass spectrometric analysis is achieved by deposition of the complex organic acid mixture (from urine) onto a K+IDS probe. Rapid heating results in the emission of alkali ions (Na+ or K+) from a thermionic emitter and the intact desorption of analyte. Subsequent gas-phase addition produces a mass spectrum showing alkali ion adducts of the components, providing molecular weight and relative concentration information. This rapid desorption/ionization technique requires no matrix, and analysis times are exceedingly short relative to those required in gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analyses. Results suggest that differential diagnosis of some of the more commonly occurring organic acidemias (e.g. isovaleric acidemia, maple syrup urine disease, etc.) may be made. PMID- 3214677 TI - A simple desalting procedure for fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. AB - A simple and efficient procedure for desalting samples prior to fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry utilizes low-pressure reverse-phase chromatography with disposable high-capacity mini-columns. Microscale (0.1-10 mumol) sample purification with high analyte recovery is possible for nucleosides, nucleotides and peptides. Salt removal has been evaluated both by conductivity and mass spectral methods and is greater than 99% for the model compounds cytidine, adenosine and AMP, even when they are contaminated with a 10 molar excess of NaCl. This procedure is also applicable to a range of small peptides as demonstrated with pyro-Glu-His-Gly and methionine enkephalin. PMID- 3214678 TI - Fluoride reduces the rate of dissolution of bone. AB - Recently, fluoride has been used in the treatment of osteoporosis in an attempt to rebuild bone lost due to this disease. Fluoride has been shown to have a profound effect on osteoblasts and bone formation. Studies have shown that synthetic fluorapatite is more stable and less soluble than hydroxyapatite. This study was designed to determine the dissolution properties of bones from rats fed a normal diet versus rats fed a high fluoride diet. Intact and deproteinized bones were dissolved in buffered solutions, containing physiological amounts of inorganic Ca and P, at pH 3.4, 4.4 and 5.4. The data demonstrate that fluoridated bones dissolve slower than normal bones, deproteinized bones dissolve faster than intact bones and that the initial rate of dissolution of fluoridated bone is always significantly lower than that of normal bone. This may help to explain the reduced rate of osteoclastic resorption in patients undergoing fluoride therapy. PMID- 3214679 TI - The relation between forearm and vertebral mineral density and fractures in postmenopausal women. AB - Vertebral and forearm mineral density (VMD and FMD, respectively) were determined in 124 postmenopausal women with no crushed vertebrae or peripheral fractures, 51 who had sustained peripheral fractures only since the menopause, 62 with vertebral compression(s) only and 75 with both types of fracture. There was a very significant correlation between the two measurements in the whole set. The scatter could not be accounted for by methodological error but was partly accounted for by body weight, since VMD was related to body weight and FMD was not. Whatever criterion was used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis (whether fracture or density) the percentage of misclassified cases was very similar by the two methods. However, VMD was relatively more reduced than FMD in vertebral fracture cases and FMD was marginally more reduced than VMD in peripheral fracture cases. There is little to choose between vertebral and forearm density in the diagnosis of osteoporosis but vertebral densitometry is slightly superior to forearm densitometry in describing the severity of osteoporosis in vertebral fracture patients. PMID- 3214680 TI - Vertebral morphometry in diagnosis of spinal fractures. AB - Vertebral morphometry was performed on lateral thoracic and lumbar radiographs of 153 women with a preliminary diagnosis of spinal osteoporosis. Measurements included anterior and posterior vertebral height, width, area, wedge angle, percent reduction of anterior to posterior height (PRH) and percent difference in anterior height between adjoining vertebrae (PDAH). A vertebral fracture was identified if any of the measurements which control for interindividual variation in vertebral size (wedge angle, PRH, PDAH) were below the normal range. Among individuals with mild osteoporosis (0-2 fractures) PDAH identified 86% of the fractures and 95% of the individuals with fractures. Other measurements identified less than 71% of the fractures and less than 80% of the individuals with fractures. Although the results reflect a relative rather than a true sensitivity it appears that PDAH is the better diagnostic measurement for fractures in the earlier stages of spinal osteoporosis. PMID- 3214681 TI - Correlation of bone mineralization in the radius and humerus of well premature neonates over the first 4 months of life. AB - To determine how well mineralization correlates in the radius and humerus of neonates, we have measured with photon absorptiometry the bone mineral content (BMC) and bone width (BW) in the humerus and radius of well premature neonates and in the radius alone of well term neonates at birth, 8 and 16 weeks of age. These data allow (1) the correlation of bone mineralization in the humerus and radius at birth and over the first 4 months of life and (2) the correlation between bone mineralization in the radius or humerus at birth and that measured at 8 and 16 weeks in the same bone site. The BMC of the radius was significantly (P less than 0.02) correlated with the BMC of the humerus at birth, 8 and 16 weeks, but the BW of the radius was significantly correlated with the BW of the humerus only at 16 weeks. On the other hand, the BMC of the radius at birth in both term and premature neonates failed to correlate significantly (P = ns) with the BMC of the radius at 8 or 16 weeks. In the humerus, the BMC at birth was significantly (P less than 0.001) correlated with that measured at 8 but not at 16 weeks. These data indicate that the humerus and radius increase in mineral content at a similar rate over the first 4 months of life but that one cannot accurately predict from the BMC at birth what the bone mineral content will be at 8 and 16 weeks of age. PMID- 3214682 TI - Iliac crest biopsy in longitudinal therapeutic trials of osteoporosis. AB - Changes in tetracycline-labelled iliac crest biopsies taken before and after 1 year of treatment with nandrolone decanoate + calcium, 17 beta-estradiol + norethisterone acetate + calcium or placebo were compared with changes in plasma bone Gla protein (pBGP), serum alkaline phosphatase (sAP), whole body retention (WBR) of Technetium-99m-diphosphonate [( 99mTc]DP) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the forearm. Based on a comparison between biopsy and noninvasive results, as well as on evaluation of the variation in the groups, certain guidelines for the use of bone histomorphometry in longitudinal therapeutic trials are suggested. It is proposed that bone biopsy is not used to monitor changes in amount of bone and that evaluation of changes in biopsy evaluated bone turnover is only attempted when the groups are large. PMID- 3214684 TI - A case of membranous lipodystrophy complicated by Fanconi's syndrome. AB - A case of membranous lipodystrophy complicated by Fanconi's syndrome is described. A 40-year old man complaining of pain in his legs was admitted to our hospital. Roentgenograms showed cystic changes in the long bones. Biopsy of the affected lesion of the femur revealed a peculiar membranocystic structure in the marrow that is typical of membranous lipodystrophy. He had a neuropsychiatric disorder which is often associated with this disease. Laboratory studies were remarkable for renal proximal tubular dysfunction, i.e., Fanconi's syndrome. Membranous lipodystrophy is a rare, hereditary disease that has been reported mainly from Japan and Finland. This is the first case of this disease complicated by Fanconi's syndrome. The possible relationship between these disorders is discussed. PMID- 3214683 TI - Influence of the menopause and aging on spinal density in French women. AB - Dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine in 510 normal women from the south of France. Long-term precision was 2.2%. BMD was stable in young adults and again in women over 70 years of age. Perimenopausal women at an average age of 51 years already evidenced a slight bone diminution (5%) compared to young adults and women within 2 years of the menopause already had a 10% diminution. The average rate of apparent bone loss in this cross-sectional study was 1% per year from age 45 to 65 years, but about 75% of this decrease occurred in the first decade after the menopause. Spinal BMD in our normal French population appears to be 5-10% lower than US values. PMID- 3214685 TI - Abandoning what? PMID- 3214686 TI - The concept of schizophrenia is dead: long live the concept of schizophrenia? PMID- 3214687 TI - Schizoid personality, inter-hemispheric transfer, and left hemisphere over activation. AB - This study assesses the external validity of schizoid personality against multiple measures of cerebral laterality designed to distinguish between left hemisphere (LH) over-activation, LH damage and inter-hemisphere transfer deficit interpretations of schizotypy. Questionnaire measures of schizoid personality were assessed in an undergraduate population and related to laterality measures of both verbal and nonverbal dichotic listening, haptic inter- and intra-manual matching, employment of left and right hemisphere strategies during the haptic task, lateral eye-movements, and left and right ear auditory thresholds. A high score on a composite index of schizoid personality was significantly related to greater asymmetry (right ear advantage) in verbal dichotic listening, the use of LH strategies, and lower right ear thresholds, an overall pattern of results indicating LH over-activation in schizoids. It is suggested that studies comparing schizophrenic patients with normal controls minimize the likelihood of obtaining group differences if they fail to take into account schizoid personality in the controls. PMID- 3214688 TI - The development of a measure of social support: the Significant Others (SOS) Scale. AB - A description is presented of the development of a new scale to measure social support which is called the Significant Others (SOS) Scale. The scale measures different functional resources of social support that may be provided by a number of significant role relationships within an individual's social network. Preliminary results from a sample of mature students show that the scale has good six-month test-retest reliability, and significantly distinguishes between depressed and non-depressed respondents. Details of a short form of the scale currently being developed are also presented. PMID- 3214689 TI - Double dissociation of frontal dysfunction in organic amnesia. AB - Subjects with either diencephalic or bilateral medial temporal lobe amnesia were examined on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Cognitive Estimation Test (CET). Alcoholic Korsakoff patients performed more poorly on the WCST but normally on the CET, whereas post-encephalitic patients performed normally on the WCST but poorly on the CET. This double dissociation is interpreted as reflecting different patterns of frontal dysfunction in Korsakoff and post-encephalitic amnesia. PMID- 3214690 TI - Changes in patients' stress and arousal levels associated with therapists' perception of their requests during crisis intervention. AB - This study examined changes in 32 patients' stress and arousal levels before and after an initial crisis intervention interview, according to the degree of mismatch between patient and therapist perceptions of requests made during the interview. A good match between patient and therapist perceptions was associated with a decrease in patients' stress following the interview. Although patients rated by therapists as more severely disturbed had the highest mismatch scores, it is unlikely that the observed mismatch between patients and therapists is accounted for solely by psychiatric condition. The findings suggest that measuring changes in stress may well provide a valuable means of evaluating patient response to the initial crisis interview. PMID- 3214691 TI - Psychological problems in general practice patients: two assumptions explored. AB - Research is needed into the scientific basis for psychologists' 'specialist' model of service to general practitioners. This study evaluated two predictions of this service to general practitioners. This study evaluated two predictions of this model: firstly, that patients with psychological problems can be identified reliably; secondly, that they tax GPs' resources and ability disproportionately. To test these, psychologists observed 448 GP consultations. The GP and psychologist independently rated the involvement of psychological factors; the GP recorded his satisfaction with, and the psychologist the duration of, the consultation. Patients completed scales of psychiatric and social dysfunction. Both predictions were confirmed. Agreement between GPs' and psychologists' ratings of the presence of psychological factors was higher than reported previously, and not explained by the small correlation of psychiatric morbidity with each. Problems identified by GPs as psychological were associated with longer, repeated and less satisfying consultations. PMID- 3214692 TI - Doctors' beliefs about diabetes: a comparison of hospital and community doctors. AB - A sample of general practitioners responded to a questionnaire measuring beliefs about diabetes and its management. The results are compared with those of a previous study concerning hospital doctors. GPs had a bleaker outlook on diabetes, perceiving the disease to carry more risks and having less confidence that achieving goals of treatment would reduce these risks. In accord with these beliefs their approach to treatment was far more lax than that of hospital-based doctors. The implications of these results for shared patient care, and interventions to maximize patient-health outcomes are discussed. PMID- 3214693 TI - The attribution of cure. AB - Subjects rated the importance of 24 different contributors towards overcoming four relatively common problems: alcoholism, depression, sexual problems and shyness. Factor analysis revealed seven almost identical clusters for each problem, which were labelled inner control, receiving help, understanding, social consequences, physical basis, avoidance and fate. Items loading on the first three factors were thought to be generally important, and those on the last three relatively unimportant. However, the degree of importance attributed to each factor varied considerably between problems. PMID- 3214694 TI - TMJ disorders. PMID- 3214696 TI - The structure and presentation of contemporary psychiatric classifications with special reference to ICD-9 and 10. PMID- 3214695 TI - Methodological issues in psychiatric classification. PMID- 3214697 TI - Tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases--in progress. PMID- 3214698 TI - Field trials of the 1987 draft of Chapter V (F) of ICD-10. PMID- 3214699 TI - On developing a psychiatric multiaxial schema for ICD-10. PMID- 3214700 TI - International perspectives of psychiatric classification. PMID- 3214701 TI - Aggressive behaviour of children aged 6-11: gender differences and their magnitude. AB - A total of 72 boys and 72 girls, of six age groups from 6 to 11 years, was observed in the school classroom over eight 5-minute periods, under conditions of low structure, non-directive teaching; aggressive and other categories of behaviour were recorded. There were no overall gender differences in aggression, but boys showed significantly more physical aggression than girls (overall effect size d = 0.36), whereas girls showed significantly more verbal aggression than boys (overall effect size d = 0.66). The physical aggression difference was variable both in direction and magnitude across the age categories and included a large reversal at 9 years. Boy's higher levels of physical aggression were not associated with higher levels of activity or more time spent in social interactions. The gender difference in verbal aggression was consistent in direction and magnitude across age categories, but in the opposite direction to the majority of previous findings. There were no gender differences in other categories of verbal behaviour. PMID- 3214702 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of estrogen-induced progestin receptors in guinea pig brain. AB - By using a combination of monoclonal antibodies to progestin receptors and a double-bridge peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, a sensitive immunocytochemical method was developed for visualizing progestin receptor immunoreactivity (PR-IR) in brains of estrogen-primed guinea pigs. PR-IR neurons were observed throughout the hypothalamus and preoptic area. They were seen in largest numbers in the arcuate nucleus, periventricular preoptic regions, medial preoptic nucleus, medial preoptic area and in the ventrolateral area of the hypothalamus. Lower numbers of PR-IR positive cells were detected in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamus with scattered cells seen throughout the hypothalamus and preoptic area. The PR-IR was mostly intranuclear with lighter staining in neuronal processes. Electron microscopy confirmed the predominantly intranuclear localization and further demonstrated that the reaction product was dispersed throughout the nucleus, but not associated with the nucleolus. Few PR-IR cells were observed in the absence of estradiol priming, and the reaction product was much lighter than in the presence of estradiol. Progesterone injection was without apparent effect on intensity of the PR-IR. PMID- 3214703 TI - Protein chemical and immunocytochemical studies of meningovascular beta-amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. AB - As a comparison to previous analyses of purified amyloid plaque cores from Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, we performed protein chemical and immunocytochemical studies on amyloid filaments extracted from meningeal blood vessels of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Results were compared with those obtained from identically prepared fractions of aged normals without cerebral amyloid angiopathy or other microscopic findings of AD. The amyloid isolation method of Glenner and Wong was modified, including an extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Gel electrophoresis of purified amyloid from AD meninges yielded bands centered at 4.2 kDa. Sequencing of the HPLC-purified amyloid protein from AD meninges confirmed the published beta-protein sequence for residues 1-30 and 35-40, with the exception of glutamic acid rather than glutamine at position 11. N-terminal heterogeneity was not prominent. No sequence beyond residue 40 was obtained. Proteins of similar but not identical mol. wt. were present in HPLC-purified fractions of normal meninges; neither the beta protein sequence nor any other interpretable sequence was detected in such fractions. Two antisera raised against the purified AD meningovascular amyloid protein identified the 4.2 kDa band on Western blots of AD preparations; no protein band in this region was labeled in control preparations. The 4.2 kDa band in AD meningeal preparations was also lableled by an antiserum to synthetic beta peptide but not by an antiserum to the carboxyl terminus of the beta-protein precursor. Both the AD meningovascular amyloid antisera selectively labeled amyloid in cortical and meningeal vessels and plaque cores; tangles, plaque neurites, and cells of normal CNS and numerous non-neural tissues were unstained. The antisera also labeled the occasional deposits of vascular amyloid and less frequent plaque core amyloid found in some aged individuals without AD. We conclude that (1) the meningovascular amyloid beta-protein of AD, whose sequence has been confirmed and extended to residue 40, was not immunocytochemically detectable in neurofibrillary tangles; (2) beta-protein could not be detected in meningeal preparations from aged controls who lack light microscopically visible meningovascular amyloid; and (3) the vascular and plaque core amyloid present in aged normals is antigenically cross-reactive with AD meningovascular amyloid. PMID- 3214704 TI - Distinct adenosine deaminase-containing inputs to the substantia nigra from the striatum and tuberomammillary nucleus. AB - Immunohistochemical, neuroanatomical and lesion methods were used to investigate the projections of adenosine deaminase immunoreactive (ADA-IR) neurons in the striatum (caudate/putamen) and hypothalamus to the substantia nigra (SN). Striatal ADA-IR neurons were distributed within two zones; anteriorly in the medial and ventromedial extreme of the head and body of the striatum, and posteriorly in the tail of the striatum. The posterior hypothalamus contained ADA positive neurons which were confined to the tuberomammillary nucleus (TM). The SN was devoid of ADA-positive neurons, but contained two distinct types of ADA-IR fiber terminations. One type was confined to bands located at the ventrolateral and dorsomedial borders of the pars reticulata and consisted of fine puncta. The other type was distributed throughout the SN and consisted of long, beaded fibers. Injections of the retrograde tracer Fluoro-gold (FG) into the SN gave rise to FG-labelling of significant numbers of ADA-IR neurons in both the striatum and TM. Medial SN injections preferentially labelled ADA-IR neurons in the anterior striatum and lateral SN injections labelled posterior ADA-IR striatal neurons. Kainic acid lesions of the anterior medial striatum selectively abolished the punctate ADA-IR band in the medial SN and left the long, ADA-IR nigral fibers in an apparently hypertrophied state. Despite depletion of ADA-IR neurons in the striatum by kainic acid, ADA activity increased significantly at striatal lesion sites. The results suggest that the SN receives two topographically segregated fine terminal fields from striatal ADA-IR neurons, and a substantial innervation from ADA-IR neurons in the TM as well. These findings add to the heterogeneous chemical composition of nigral afferents and are discussed in the context of adenosine neuromodulatory mechanisms in the striatonigral system. PMID- 3214706 TI - Link-Vertex Analysis of Purkinje cell dendritic trees from the murine cerebellum. AB - A method of analysis of dendritic trees is described, called Link-Vertex Analysis, which defines the branching patterns (topology) by means of a discontinuous function, the terminal/link (T/L) vertex ratio, computed at all successive vertex orders within a network, and represented as a graphical plot for a given tree. The T/L vertex ratio is defined as the number (n) of terminal (pendant) vertices (Vp) divided by the total number (n) of all link vertices (both dichotomous, Vd, and trichotomous, Vt) multiplied by the number of segments arising from each vertex--i.e., nVp/(2nVd + 3nVt) per vertex order. Hypotheses of growth are simulated by computer modelling and the distributions of computer generated T/L vertex ratios per order compared with those of actual dendritic trees. The differential distribution of T/L vertex ratios per order in trees grown by either random terminal or random segmental branching discriminates between these two forms of growth. Significant advances of this method include the detection of regional variations in growth and remodelling in a tree and the incorporation of Vt with little perturbation of the Vd data. The analytical powers of this method have been tested using the dendritic fields of 20-day-old mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells defining possible temporal sequences and relative contributions of random and non-random terminal growth, and also the frequency of branching over a growth front relative to that of the rest of the tree. PMID- 3214705 TI - Reduction of CCK-8 binding in the nucleus of the solitary tract in unilaterally nodosectomized rats. AB - Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) binding sites were examined in the caudal hindbrain of unilaterally nodosectomized and intact rats by in vitro autoradiography with 125I-CCK-8. Unilateral nodosectomy caused a significant reduction in CCK-8 binding in the caudal medial nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) on the side ipsilateral to the nodose ganglionectomy. Examination of other caudal hindbrain regions exhibiting CCK-8 binding did not reveal changes in binding in nodosectomized animals compared to controls. These findings suggest that the CCK receptors in this brain region may be located on terminals of vagal afferent neurons. PMID- 3214707 TI - Role of the nucleus of the optic tract of monkeys in optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after-nystagmus. AB - A previous experiment disclosed that unilateral lesions of the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) in the fascicularis monkey resulted in selective loss of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) towards the lesioned side. This may suggest that the NOT in monkeys, as in non-primates, represents the first relay station in the basic horizontal optokinetic path. This monkey, however, did not show a rapid rise in OKN velocity in response to steps in stimulus velocity. In the present experiments, effects of NOT lesions upon both the rapid and the slow rise of OKN as well as optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) were examined in 6 fuscata monkeys. In 3 with total NOT lesions of 6 monkeys, none of the slow rise OKN or OKAN slow phase velocity were produced towards the lesioned side. In one of the remaining 3 monkeys with partial NOT lesions, a slow rise OKN and OKAN slow phase velocity were selectively reduced towards the lesioned side. In 2 of these 4 monkeys whose lesions were localized in the lateral portions of the pretectum, rapid rise in OKN velocity remained unchanged, whereas in the remaining two whose lesions were large enough to extend into the medial portions of the pretectum near the nucleus of the posterior commissure, rapid rise in OKN velocity was reduced. In the remaining 2 monkeys whose NOT was only superficially damaged, all components of OKN were normal. Other visually induced eye movements were normal. In all monkeys except for one who had marked spontaneous nystagmus, the peak velocity of vestibular nystagmus was not affected after NOT lesions. These findings indicate that the dynamics of the charge of the velocity storage mechanism is separately influenced by NOT lesions: OKN and OKAN are abolished, but vestibular nystagmus remains unaffected. PMID- 3214708 TI - Colloid osmotic pressure of cat brain homogenate separated from autogenous CSF by a copper ferrocyanide membrane. AB - The colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) of cat brain homogenate against cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined using an electronic osmometer with a rigid selectively permeable copper ferrocyanide membrane. First, the basic characteristics of the membrane were examined. The relative value of the reflexion coefficient (sigma) for polyethylene glycol (PEG) became rather stable above a molecular weight of 6000 Da, below which sigma declined. The osmometer showed a linear response to sucrose concentration, whereas it revealed a non idealistic change with respect to concentration of high molecules (PEG). The temperature effect on sigma for albumin solution was found to be large. The membrane could thus be used for measuring the relative value of the colloid osmotic pressure of protein solutions without dilution and at the same temperature as the calibrating solution. Samples of CSF and brain cortex were freshly obtained from 5 cats. The cortex was immediately homogenized and the colloid osmotic pressure of the homogenate against the CSF was measured at room temperature within 3 min after cortex removal. The mean value was 213 +/- 11 (S.D.) mm Hg with the osmometer calibrated with respect to the colloid osmotic pressure of autogenous plasma. PMID- 3214710 TI - Chronic seizures and collateral sprouting of dentate mossy fibers after kainic acid treatment in rats. AB - Kainic acid (KA) injections destroy hippocampal pyramidal cells, induce recurrent collateral sprouting of the hilar mossy fibers (MFs), and lead to chronic seizures. In the present study, rats were injected systemically with KA (14 mg/kg) to determine whether the subsequent occurrence of seizures was correlated with MF sprouting, as indicated by Timm's staining of proximal dendrites. At 4 weeks, 56% of the KA-treated rats had MF sprouting in the temporal (ventral) hippocampus, and 52% had shown seizures between 10 and 28 days. Both seizures and sprouting were seen in 32% of the treated animals. While Timm's staining of MFs in the inner molecular layer was not directly correlated with seizure scores, animals which exhibited chronic seizures had significantly more sprouting than animals which did not have seizures. PMID- 3214709 TI - Expression of aggression attenuates stress-induced increases in rat brain noradrenaline turnover. AB - This experiment determined whether or not an aggressive biting response could attenuate stress-induced increases in brain noradrenaline (NA) turnover, by measuring contents of NA and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4), in discrete brain regions of male Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to a 10 min supine restraint stress with or without being allowed to bite a wooden stick. In each group, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation either 0 min or 50 min after release from stress. NA and MHPG-SO4 levels were unaffected in both biting and non-biting groups immediately after stress, as compared to controls. Fifty min after release from stress, increases in plasma corticosterone levels induced by stress recovered in the biting group but remained high in the non-biting group. MHPG-SO4 levels significantly increased in the hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, midbrain, basal ganglia, hippocampus and cerebral cortex in both stressed groups, however the increases in the non-biting group were significantly higher than those in the biting group in the first 5 of these regions. These findings clearly show that giving rats an opportunity to express aggression during stress exposure results in a significant attenuation of stress-induced increases in NA turnover in specific brain regions, such as the hypothalamus and limbic areas. The present experiment provides a possible neurochemical basis for clinical studies showing that suppression of anger in a stressful, frustrating situation leads to pathological consequences in humans. PMID- 3214711 TI - Cholinergic muscarinic receptors in rat cochlea. AB - Specific 3H-1-quinuclidinylbenzilate (3H-1-QNB) binding to rat cochlea homogenates occurs to a homogeneous class of binding sites with Kd = 0.13 +/- 0.01 nM and Bmax = 0.57 +/- 0.07 fmol per cochlea. Binding is stereoselectively inhibited by benzetimide enantiomers. Dexetimide was more effective than levetimide in displacing 3H-1-QNB from its binding sites (Ki = 4 x 10(-10) M and 6.5 x 10(-6) M, respectively). Pirenzepine inhibits 3H-1-QNB binding with low affinity (Ki = 2 x 10(-6) M), classifying the binding sites as muscarinic M2 receptors. PMID- 3214712 TI - Relation between voluntary ethanol intake in rats and changes in striatal muscarinic binding sites seen after induction of stable ethanol intake by an intermittent ethanol treatment. AB - Male rats were treated with ethanol (2.0 g/kg i.p.) once a week for approximately a year. They also had a choice between an ethanol solution (10%) and water as drinking fluid for 24 h prior to the injection. During the following evaluation period lasting around 40 weeks the rats had a continuous choice between ethanol and water as the drinking fluid. The ethanol concentration was varied with 10% as a standard. At sacrifice, muscarinic binding sites in the brain were determined. During the evaluation period the daily dose of ethanol varied considerably but the intake in each individual was remarkably stable independent of offered ethanol concentration. A highly significant regression was found between voluntary ethanol intake and muscarinic binding sites in the striatum (b = 0.003, r = -0.87, df = 8, P less than 0.005). PMID- 3214713 TI - A comparison of GAD- and GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the first somatosensory area (SI) of the rat cortex. AB - Neurons immunoreactive for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) and anti gamma-aminobutyric acid (anti-GABA) were compared in adjacent sections from the rat somatosensory cortex (SI). GAD- and GABA-positive neurons in animals either treated or not treated with colchicine were found to occur at a ratio of 1:2. Measurement of areas of GAD- and GABA-immunoreactive neurons confirmed the presence of an 'exuberant' GABA-positive neuronal population not visualized by the GAD antiserum. PMID- 3214714 TI - Receptor characteristics and recovery of function following kainic acid lesions and fetal transplants of the striatum. I. Cholinergic systems. AB - The relationship between striatal muscarinic cholinergic receptor development and locomotor activity/T-maze alternation behavior in adult female rats with kainic acid lesions (kal) and fetal transplants of the striatum (str) was examined. Kal led to a number of deficits under conditions of spontaneous locomotion, including: (1) decreased stereotypical and increased horizontal movements during spontaneous overnight locomotion, (2) decreased spontaneous alternation on a T maze, and (3) deficits on a sensorimotor neurological exam. Lesion-induced deficits following injection with cholinergic agonists (pilocarpine)/antagonists (scopolamine) included: (1) hypoactivity on vertical activity and stereotypical activity following scopolamine injection, and (2) increased stereotypical activity and decreased horizontal activity following pilocarpine injection. Transplants differentially affected the different types of behavioral deficits. Transplants reversed some of the deficits under conditions of spontaneous locomotion, including the hyperactivity noted during the night period, but only partially reversed the sensorimotor neurological exam and had no effect on spontaneous alternations in the T-maze. The transplants did not reverse the lesion-induced deficits following scopolamine injection, but partially reversed the lesion-induced changes in locomotion following pilocarpine injection. The striatal transplants had reduced numbers of M1 but increased numbers of M2 muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Cholinergic receptor density correlated with scores on the sensorimotor functioning and alternation tasks, but not with the locomotor measures. Conversely, the cross-sectional area of the str correlated strongly with the transplant-induced recovery in the lesion group. These results suggest that the development of cholinergic receptor systems within the transplants proceeds abnormally, and that the abnormal development of the transplant may impact on the transplant's ability to remediate lesion-induced deficits. PMID- 3214715 TI - Evidence for functional contact between cografted locus coeruleus and spinal cord in oculo: electrophysiological studies. AB - The functional consequences of the locus coeruleus innervation of the spinal cord are not yet clearly understood. In a recent histological study it was shown that intraocular spinal cord grafts will become innervated by tyrosine hydroxylase positive nerve fibers from a cografted locus coeruleus. In the present study we use this intraocular model of the descending coeruleo-spinal pathway to investigate functional contact between locus coeruleus and the spinal cord. We have pharmacologically characterized the receptor mediation of norepinephrine induced, as well as locus coeruleus-mediated depressions of spinal cord neurons grafted in oculo. We found that electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus part of the double grafts predominantly caused an inhibition of cografted spinal cord neurons. Norepinephrine-induced inhibition of the firing rate of single grafted spinal cord neurons was antagonized by phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, but was unaffected by timolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist. Similarly, inhibition of the firing rate of grafted spinal cord neurons by stimulation of cografted locus coeruleus was antagonized by phentolamine but not by timolol. Interestingly, single spinal cord grafts were more sensitive to the depressant effects of perfused norepinephrine than was the spinal cord cografted with locus coeruleus. We conclude that spinal cord grafts can be functionally innervated by cografted locus coeruleus and that the noradrenergic inputs to spinal cord from cografted locus coeruleus are alpha-adrenergically mediated. Furthermore, the postsynaptic receptors in single spinal cord grafts appear to be supersensitive to norepinephrine application. PMID- 3214716 TI - Age-related deterioration of ability of acquisition in memory and learning in senescence accelerated mouse: SAM-P/8 as an animal model of disturbances in recent memory. AB - Memory, learning and behavior of senescence accelerated mouse (SAM-P/8) were investigated by using passive avoidance response, T-maze and open field and the findings were compared with those from senescence resistant mouse (SAM-R/1 control). SAM-P/8 mice showed a remarkable age-related deterioration in ability of memory and learning in passive avoidance response. This age-related memory and learning deficit was linked to a deterioration in the ability of acquisition and was not due to impairment in the ability of retention and hyperactivity, as observed in the open field. In the alternation T-maze tests, SAM-P/8 showed as high a rate of alternations as did the SAM-R/1 and in the T-maze avoidance tests, SAM-P/8 also showed as intact a memory ability as seen in the SAM-R/1, despite a memory deficit in the passive avoidance response. Thus, SAM-P/8 may prove to be a pertinent model for researching mechanisms related to the memory deficit seen in senile humans. PMID- 3214717 TI - Spontaneous calcium release induced by ethanol in the isolated rat brain microsomes. AB - Ethanol-induced neurotransmitter release in unstimulated synaptosomes was found to be independent of extrasynaptosomal Ca2+ concentration, indicating a redistribution of intracellular Ca2+. The effects of alcohol on microsomal Ca2+ uptake and release were studied. In vitro addition of 100 mM ethanol had no effect on ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation in the microsomes. However, the same amount of ethanol released 25% of total accumulated Ca2+ from the microsomes. Ethanol induced Ca2+ release in a concentration-dependent manner over the range 30 mM-500 mM. The amount of Ca2+ release increased with higher alcohols. The effect of alcohol was temperature-dependent and inhibited at 0 degrees C. These results indicate that the known stimulatory effects of ethanol on resting release of neurotransmitters may be due to the microsomal release of Ca2+. PMID- 3214718 TI - [3H](-)nicotine binding sites in fetal human brain. AB - The development of putative nicotinic binding sites in brains from human fetuses of 12-19 weeks gestation was studied. The binding of [3H](-)nicotine to fetal human brain membranes, using a rapid filtration method, was saturable and stereospecific. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of high affinity sites with a Kd of 1.5 +/- 0.5 nM and a Bmax of 4.5 +/- 1.9 fmol/mg protein (n = 11). [3H](-)nicotine binding increased between the ages of 12 and 19 weeks in human fetal brain (r = 0.63, n = 20, P less than 0.01). In competition studies nicotinic agonists were the most effective in inhibiting [3H](-)nicotine binding whereas antagonists were relatively ineffective. Ki values for displacing ligands in the presence of [3H](-)nicotine were: cytisine, 1.6 nM; (-)nicotine, 16 nM; (+) nicotine, 510 nM; dihydro-beta-erythroidine, 1.9 microM; dimethyl-4 phenylpiperazinium, 6.5 microM; choline chloride, 25 microM. Atropine and alpha bungarotoxin failed to inhibit binding up to 50 microM. Comparison of dissected brain regions revealed regional variations in the density of nicotinic binding sites: specific binding of [3H](-)nicotine was greatest in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, globus pallidus, caudate-putamen and thalamus, and lowest in the medulla. These results are interpreted in relation to the development of functional cholinergic transmission in human fetal brain, and the potential vulnerability of this system to maternal tobacco usage. PMID- 3214719 TI - A morphometric analysis of synaptic vesicle distributions. AB - Synaptic vesicle populations have been morphometrically analyzed for size and density. Populations composed of a single size class of vesicles are represented by normal (Gaussian) or positive (log-normal) skew histograms. Populations with multiple size classes generate negative (left) skew distributions. Fixatives containing aldehydes differentially affect these distribution patterns but vesicles are able to withstand tonic effects over a wide range. Reader bias' contribute the most error in the data-collecting process. But despite this, the sizing of vesicle populations can be accomplished with great accuracy. Vesicle density computations, on the other hand, vary over a wide range and are of less value for comparative purposes. PMID- 3214720 TI - Differential sensitivity of synaptosomal calcium entry and endogenous dopamine release to omega-conotoxin. AB - The presynaptic neurotoxin omega-conotoxin (omega-CgTx) was tested for its ability to inhibit voltage-dependent calcium flux and transmitter release in rat brain synaptosomes. Conotoxin (0.001-10 microM) had no effect on calcium uptake or endogenous dopamine release from rat striatal synaptosomes in the absence of potassium depolarization. Fast-phase potassium stimulated calcium influx was only partially (20-30%) inhibited by conotoxin at concentrations between 1 nM and 10 microM. The fast-phase release of endogenous dopamine from the same synaptosomal preparation was inhibited by approximately 25% at 0.01 microM and by 60% at 10 microM. These results suggest that a subgroup of high affinity omega-CgTx sensitive calcium channels may be involved in regulating the release of endogenous dopamine from brain synaptosomes. PMID- 3214721 TI - Angiotensin II binding sites in the superior cervical ganglia of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats after preganglionic denervation. AB - Angiotensin II binding was higher in superior cervical ganglia of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) when compared to ganglia of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (571 +/- 29 and 375 +/- 9 fmol/mg protein, SHR and WKY, respectively, P less than 0.05). Unilateral preganglionic denervation reduced binding site density in ganglia of WKY (-39%, P less than 0.05 vs sham operated ganglia in WKY), and the decrease of binding sites was larger in SHR (-59%, P less than 0.01, operated vs sham operated ganglia in SHR). Part of the binding sites in the superior cervical ganglia may be present in or be associated to preganglionic nerves, and the number of these sites is higher in SHR. PMID- 3214723 TI - Responses to ramp current stimulation of the neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta in vitro. AB - The response to ramp current stimulation was studied in the pars compacta neurons in guinea pig substantia nigra slices. Although accommodation was not seen with current duration up to 1000 ms, a threshold peak emerged on the threshold-latency curve at 30-400 ms when the cell was hyperpolarized. The appearance of the peak was closely correlated with an inflection in the potential trajectory before the spike. A voltage-dependent, fast inactivating outward current may underlie these responses. They persisted in Ca2+-free solution, but disappeared when Cd2+ (0.4 mM) or Co2+ (5 mM) ions were applied extracellularly. PMID- 3214722 TI - Loss of calbindin-28K immunoreactive neurones from the cortex in Alzheimer-type dementia. AB - An antibody raised against chick intestinal calbindin D28K was used to study the number and size of calbindin immunoreactive neurones in postmortem human brains from neurologically normal controls and from patients with neuropathologically diagnosed Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). In the controls, calbindin immunoreactive neurones were observed in all cerebral cortex areas examined including the frontal, temporal and parietal cortices. When compared with the controls, the number and size of calbindin immunoreactive neurones were significantly reduced in the cortices of patients with ATD. These findings suggest that calbindin containing neurones are affected in ATD. PMID- 3214724 TI - Premotor cortical kindling interferes with subsequent hippocampal kindling. AB - Interaction between the neocortical motor system and the limbic system was investigated in terms of the transfer of kindling. Premotor cortical kindling induced limbic seizures accompanied by dissociated hippocampal afterdischarges (AD) which outlasted the premotor AD. Subsequent kindling of the hippocampus was markedly retarded despite prolonged hippocampal AD. These results suggest that premotor cortical kindling induces a neuronal mechanism which prevents limbic access to the motor system. PMID- 3214725 TI - Dual somatosensory representation of the periodontium in nucleus ventralis posteromedialis of the cat thalamus. AB - The distribution of periodontal units within the nucleus ventralis posteromedialis (VPM) was studied in urethane-chloralose-anesthetized cats. Recordings were made from a total of 63 periodontal units. Of these, 55 received contralateral input, the rest receiving ipsilateral input. The periodontal units receiving contralateral inputs were located in the medial part of the VPM proper, whereas those receiving ipsilateral inputs were found in the lateral subdivision of the nucleus ventralis posteromedialis parvocellularis (VPMpcl). PMID- 3214726 TI - VIP-, SS-, and GABA-like immunoreactivity in the mid-hippocampal region of El (epileptic) and C57BL/6 mice. AB - The El (epileptic) mouse is a model of hereditary sensory precipitated temporal lobe epilepsy. We compared vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI), somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SS-LI), and gamma aminobutyric acid-like immunoreactivity (GABA-LI) in the mid-hippocampal region of El and C57BL/6 mice. Specific interneuron populations with VIP-LI and GABA-LI were elevated in the El mice, whereas SS-LI populations were unchanged. These neurochemical alterations may be contributing to the epileptic predisposition of El mice. PMID- 3214727 TI - Effects of pentobarbital on behavioral and synaptic plasticities in crayfish. AB - Intra-abdominal injections of 90 mg/kg (3.5 x 10(-4) M estimated body concentration) sodium pentobarbital (PB) eliminated the cheliped closing response and eyestalk withdrawal response in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Repeated injections produced tolerance to both of these behavioral measures within several days. At glutamatergic synapses of the opener muscle, PB at dosages from 10(-7) to 10(-4) M had no significant effect on non-facilitated transmitter release evoked by 1 Hz stimuli. Facilitated transmitter release at 10 Hz stimuli was significantly decreased by 10(-3) M PB but was not significantly affected at lower concentrations. At 10(-4) M and 10(-3) M, PB significantly reduced the ratio of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitudes at 10 Hz to those at 1 Hz. The frequency of spontaneous miniature EPSPs (MEPSPs) was reduced by 10(-4) M PB to about half of the control level, while MEPSP amplitudes and time constants were not significantly affected. These results suggest that the ability of PB to depress various crayfish behaviors is due, at least in part, to a presynaptic ability of the drug to depress facilitation of transmitter release at glutamatergic synapses. PMID- 3214728 TI - Thalamic control of subcortical dopamine function in the rat and the effects of lesions applied to the medial prefrontal cortex. AB - Dopamine (DA) utilisation has been assessed in medial and lateral segments of the caudate-putamen complex (CPM and CPL, respectively) in response to unilateral manipulations aimed at the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus, lateral division (MDL). The ratios of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC):DA and 4-hydroxy-3 methoxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid, HVA):DA are used as indices of DA utilisation and, in the case of HVA:DA, may also reflect DA release. Neither electrical stimulation nor ibotenate (IBO) treatment followed by long recovery periods (2 days or 1 week) had any significant effect on DA utilisation in CPM or CPL. Cell-specific activation of neurones produced by short-term (1 h recovery) infusions of IBO aimed unilaterally at MDL (right side) resulted in bilateral increases of DA utilisation in both CP sectors. These changes tended to be slightly more marked in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the side of IBO infusion. Unilateral infusions of IBO were then aimed at MDL of either (1) the left or right hemisphere of animals which had already received a 1-week-old unilateral (right side) prefrontal cortex (FCx) lesion or (2) the right hemisphere of animals which had previously received a 1 week-old bilateral FCx lesion. The pattern of changes, when expressed relative to the 'sham-operated' animals which received the FCx lesion alone, were similar to those described above following intra-MDL infusions of IBO into animals with an intact cortex. The FCx lesions themselves were shown to have no significant effect on DA utilisation in any CP sector. In view of the known neuroanatomical connections, it is likely that the effects observed in CP are not due to activation of MDL neurones themselves but are more likely the result of activation of neurones in the intralaminar nuclei which border MDL. Nevertheless, these findings support the concept that activation of thalamic nuclei will enhance DA function in a variety of forebrain areas in the rat. PMID- 3214729 TI - Neonatal thermal lesions of the mesolimbocortical dopaminergic projection decrease food-hoarding behavior. AB - In order to examine the effect of neonatal depletion of the dopaminergic mesocortical projection on the development of prefrontal cortex-mediated behaviors, male and female adult rats with neonatally applied thermal lesions of the dopaminergic A10 cell group in the ventral tegmental area were studied in a food-hoarding situation. Control male animals hoarded significantly more pellets than females. Neonatal depletion of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex strongly decreased food-hoarding activity in contrast with previous studies by others which have shown that neonatal lesions of the prefrontal cortex allow sparing of food-hoarding activity. Biochemical analysis demonstrated an approximately 50% depletion of both dopamine and serotonin in the prefrontal cortex of males, whereas noradrenaline levels were unchanged. The brains of the female rats were used to visualize the decreased dopaminergic and serotonergic innervation of the forebrain. Hoarding scores showed a significant positive correlation with the measured dopamine content of the medial prefrontal cortex, and not with the serotonin content. These results imply that the integrity of the dopaminergic projection to the prefrontal cortex is essential for food-hoarding behavior to occur and that food-hoarding activity is not spared after neonatal depletion of dopamine. PMID- 3214730 TI - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase-immunoreactive neurons in and around the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons of the central canal do not contain dopamine or serotonin in the mouse and rat spinal cord. AB - Using a specific antibody against each of the 4 catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, dopamine or serotonin, we compared the localization of these substances in rat and mouse spinal cord with two kinds of fixative, such as paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, and two types of sectioning technique, i.e. cryostat and microslicer. In this study, we demonstrated aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)-like immunoreactivity (LI) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons for the first time in the mouse. These cells and some AADC-immunoreactive cells localized outside the subependymal layer of mouse and rat spinal cord did not show tyrosine hydroxylase-, serotonin- and dopamine-LI with and without colchicine treatment. PMID- 3214731 TI - Postnatal development of parvalbumin-, calbindin- and adult GABA-immunoreactivity in two visual nuclei of zebra finches. AB - The characterization of neuron populations by their immunoreactivity against parvalbumin- and calbindin (28-kDa)-antisera has been used to study the postnatal development of the visual diencephalic nucleus rotundus and the mesencephalic nucleus isthmi complex in zebra finches. In nucleus rotundus, parvalbumin immunoreactivity was restricted to the neuropil during the first 10 days and appears additionally in somata around day 12 where it remains until adulthood. Calbindin-immunoreactivity of the very scarce neuropil and the few somata, which can be observed during the first two weeks, disappears until adulthood. Thus, the adult nucleus rotundus shows an almost complementary distribution of calbindin- and parvalbumin-immunoreactive structures: the numerous, heavily parvalbumin positive somata, which are surrounded by dense immunoreactive neuropil are in sharp contrast to the complete absence of calbindin-immunoreactive somata. Only a thin rim surrounding this nucleus contains punctate calbindin-positive neuropil. In the nucleus isthmi complex, parvalbumin and calbindin staining patterns show markedly different developmental profiles. While the density of parvalbumin immunoreactive neuropil in the parvocellular part of the nucleus isthmi continuously increases and the somata remain unstained, the initially heavily calbindin-positive somata gradually lose their immunoreactivity during the first two weeks. In the adult nucleus isthmi complex, parvalbumin- and calbindin show nearly identical staining patterns. A comparison between the two calcium-binding proteins and GABA-immunoreactivity in adult brains revealed different relationships in the two nuclei: while in nucleus rotundus GABA-staining pattern neither resembles that of parvalbumin nor of calbindin, in the nucleus isthmi complex all three staining patterns coincide. PMID- 3214733 TI - Immunological reaction and blood-brain barrier in mouse-to-rat cross-species neural graft. AB - Pieces of brainstem tissue from mouse embryos were transplanted into the cerebellar vermis of 49 adult rats, which had or which had not been treated with Cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg/day). With no treatment of immunosuppressants survival rates of xenografts were low. However, when Cyclosporin A was administered, the rates increased from 40% (4/10) to 67% (8/12) 2 weeks after grafting and from 25% (3/12) to 60% (9/15) 4 weeks after grafting, although immunological reactions of varying severities were noted in all of the surviving grafts. The present immunocytochemical study elucidated the composition of cell infiltrations frequently seen in the grafts. The results showed that a large number of cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes appeared, while the numbers of helper/inducer T lymphocytes were relatively small. In addition, increased staining of astrocytes and microglia was observed in areas of cell infiltration. These activated cells might play a certain role in the process of graft rejection in the brain. Formation of the blood-brain barrier in the xenografts was examined by means of peroxidase cytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. In brains containing surviving grafts limited leakage of peroxidase, following its injection into the host systemic circulation 30-75 min prior to sacrifice, was detectable at the graft-host interface and at the operation scar near the pial surface. In brains containing rejected grafts extensive extravasation of peroxidase was detected. The severity of the immunological reaction was correlated with the intensity of the rupture in the blood-brain barrier. The findings suggested that the immunological reaction contributed to the transendothelial permeability changes in the vessels of brains containing rejected grafts. PMID- 3214732 TI - The effects of FG 7142 upon local cerebral glucose utilization suggest overlap between limbic structures important in anxiety and convulsions. AB - The effects of the beta-carboline benzodiazepine receptor ligand FG 7142 upon local cerebral glucose utilization have been examined in conscious rats using the quantitative [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique. FG 7142 (1-10 mg/kg i.v.) produced behavioural changes consistent with an anxiogenic action. At the largest dose of FG 7142 (10 mg/kg) 30% of the animals experienced overt convulsions. In the data analysis animals were divided according to the behavioural response elicited by the drug. In animals not expressing convulsions, FG 7142 (1-10 mg/kg) effected increases in glucose utilization in 33 of the 65 regions examined. The majority of changes were confined to limbic structures with pronounced effects occurring in the mammillary body, anterior thalamic nuclei, septal nuclei and the oriens and molecular layers of the hippocampus. Glucose use in other structures associated with auditory and visual processing, such as the medial and lateral geniculate body, and associated cortical areas, was also significantly increased. However, brain regions involved in motor control were minimally affected. The patterns of local cerebral glucose use in animals expressing FG 7142-induced convulsions were contrasted with those from an equivalent non-seizure group. Some limbic structures which were significantly affected by FG 7142 (non-seizure group) displayed a further increase in glucose utilization during convulsions. These included the mammillary body and septum. Many other limbic structures (anterior thalamic nuclei, CA fields of the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala) did not display this further rise in glucose utilization. In the cortical amygdala, lateral preoptic area of the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens and lateral elevations in glucose utilization were restricted to those animals experiencing overt convulsions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3214734 TI - Effects of growth hormone treatment on the regeneration of rat sciatic nerve. AB - The effect of human growth hormone (hGH) on regeneration of neuronal tissue have been studied in rats. A crush lesion was made on the sciatic nerve at the thigh level in intact or hypophysectomized rats. The hGH was administered systemically via subcutaneously implanted miniosmotic pumps. Regeneration was evaluated by the 'pinch-test' after 3, 4 and 6 days. Regeneration was significantly (P less than 0.05) impaired in hypophysectomized rats, but restored to normal after treatment with hGH (200 mIU/day). In intact rats treatment with 400 mIU/day hGH significantly (P less than 0.05) stimulated regeneration, whereas no effect was observed at 200 mIU/day. Immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) decreased in hypophysectomized rats, but rose again after hGH treatment. However, no consistent correlation between circulating IGF-1 and the rate of regeneration was found. Our results show that hGH can increase the rate of regeneration in peripheral nerves after injury. This can be due either to direct effects of hGH or to indirect effects via locally produced growth factors (e.g. somatomedins). PMID- 3214735 TI - The iontophoretic application of Fluoro-Gold for the study of afferents to deep brain nuclei. AB - A method is described for identifying the afferents to confined areas within the central nervous system using iontophoretic application of the fluorescent tracer, Fluoro-Gold (FG). Unlike other fluorescent tracers, it is possible to make focal iontophoretic injections through small-tipped micropipettes, and electrophysiological recordings from the injection pipette can be used to define structures prior to injections. Retrograde labeling with FG appears to be as sensitive as wheatgerm agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase visualized with tetramethylbenzidine. Furthermore, iontophoretically applied FG does not appear to be taken up and transported retrogradely by fibers of passage. Finally, retrograde transport of FG can be combined with immunofluorescence without appreciable loss of sensitivity in either label. PMID- 3214737 TI - Calmodulin distribution in peripheral nerve: an EM immunocytochemical study. AB - We used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry to study the distribution of calmodulin in rat sciatic nerve. Calmodulin immunoreactivity was found throughout the axoplasmic matrix, but particularly along microtubules. Schwann cell cytoplasm and nuclei demonstrated immunoreactivity, while compact myelin did not. There was particularly intense immuno-gold deposition within Schmidt Lanterman clefts. At the nodes of Ranvier, calmodulin appeared preferentially in the paranodal region, along the apposition of the axolemma to the paranodal loops of myelin and extending into the paranodal loops. The presence of calmodulin immunoreactivity along microtubules supports biochemical and pharmacological evidence of calmodulin involvement in regulating the assembly and phosphorylation of microtubules, and in fast axonal transport along microtubules. The co localization of paranodal calmodulin immunoreactivity with Ca-ATPase activity demonstrated cytochemically (Mata et al., Brain Research, in press) supports the notion that the paranodal Ca-ATPase activity may be regulated by calmodulin, and agrees with the in vitro biochemical evidence for Ca-ATPase of other cells. PMID- 3214736 TI - Prolonged exposure of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line to morphine and oxotremorine modulates signal transduction in adenylate cyclase system. AB - Neurotransmitter receptors coupling to the adenylate cyclase (AC) system were studied in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) caused an up to 40-fold enhancement of the AC activity, while prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was able to increase the cAMP accumulation 2.5-fold. Stimulation either by VIP or PGE1 was attenuated with either morphine (MOR) or oxotremorine (OXO). Prolonged exposure to MOR and OXO caused a ligand-specific, i.e. homologous desensitization of the opioid and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, respectively. Preceding desensitization, a supersensitive response of the AC system to VIP was observed. Pretreatment of cells with PT overnight reduced the inhibitory effects of both MOR and OXO. Nevertheless, in cells pretreated with PT and then also with OXO, MOR and OXO inhibited the VIP-induced AC response. Apparently, there are both PT-sensitive and -insensitive pathways to AC inhibition in SH-SY5Y cells. PMID- 3214738 TI - Effects of temperature alterations on population and cellular activities in hippocampal slices from mature and immature rabbit. AB - Effects of temperature on population spike and cellular activities have been assessed in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices from mature and immature rabbit. In field potential recordings, population spike amplitude was maximal at near 30 degrees C for both mature and immature tissue, and fell off as temperature was either raised (to a maximum of 44 degrees C) or lowered (to a minimum of 20 degrees C). With cooling below 30 degrees C, population spikes decreased in amplitude and became broader; stimuli always elicited some response, and changes due to cooling were reversible. With increases in temperature, however, irreversible decrease and/or loss of population spikes occurred when tissue was warmed beyond 43 degrees C. Input-output curves established for mature and immature slices indicated that, at all temperatures, population spike amplitude grew more rapidly with small increases in stimulus intensity in immature slices as compared to mature slices. Intracellular recordings were made from CA1 pyramidal cells in mature and immature hippocampal slices. For both mature and immature tissues, moderate warming (to 40 degrees C) produced membrane hyperpolarizations in many cells, especially in the mature hippocampus. Increasing temperature beyond 40 degrees C led to marked depolarizations in a number of cells, a depolarization that was irreversible, particularly in mature neurons. Cooling generally produced a depolarizing shift in membrane potential and an accompanying increase in input resistance; these effects, however, were reversible. Temperature changes in both warming and cooling directions had effects on repetitive firing patterns in both mature and immature neurons. In particular, spike trains elicited by a constant current pulse at a given membrane potential became shorter. The effects of cooling on this cell parameter were reversible, but warming-induced changes were usually permanent. Irreversibility of the warming effects was more pronounced in cells from mature than from immature hippocampus. As reported previously, cooling produced marked spike broadening and changes in synaptic potentials in both mature and immature neurons. These studies confirm previously reported temperature sensitivities of neuronal properties in hippocampal slices. On the basis of these data, and reports from other laboratories, it is clear that relatively small changes in temperature can have rather dramatic effects on properties of single cells and cell populations. Such temperature sensitivity is critical in evaluating data obtained from in vitro slice preparations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3214739 TI - Transplantation of fetal and early postnatal rat septal cholinergic neurons cultured in serum-free and serum-containing medium with nerve growth factor. AB - Fetal rat (E17-E19) septal neurons were cultured in a defined, serum-free medium for 6-8 days with or without nerve growth factor (NGF) and transplanted into the hippocampus or the surrounding ventricle of 28 adult rats denervated of its septal input by a fimbria-fornix transection. The cholinergic septal neurons, which were visualized by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry, always survived in transplantation to the adult brains from nearly pure neuronal cultures. Although choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity of septal neurons in culture was greatly increased (5.59-fold) by the addition of NGF to the defined medium, this ChAT induction appeared to have little effect on the subsequent survival or growth of the septal neurons after transplantation. These results demonstrate that survival of cultured fetal septal cholinergic neurons following transplantation is not dependent upon the presence of NGF or serum- or glia derived factors during the preliminary culture. Postnatal rat (P4) septal neurons cultured for 5 days in serum-containing medium with NGF were also successfully transplanted in one of 3 cases. PMID- 3214740 TI - Effect of food deprivation on regional brain glucose utilization in lean and fatty Zucker rats. AB - Regional brain glucose utilization was investigated in lean and fatty Zucker rats when feeding status was changed. Ad-lib-fed fat rats exhibited lower glucose utilization in the central amygdala than ad-lib-fed lean rats. Food deprivation for 72 h enhanced glucose utilization in the ventromedial hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamic area of both phenotypes, hippocampus of fat rats, mammillary body and ventral tegmental area of leans. These results suggest association of the central amygdala with the development of genetic obesity and of the latter 5 areas with hunger-motivated behaviors. PMID- 3214741 TI - Acetylcholine in the rat pituitary: a possible humoral factor. AB - Significant amounts of acetylcholine (ACh) were detected in each of the 3 lobes of the rat pituitary (3-6 pmol/anterior lobe, 3 pmol/intermediate lobe and 1.8 pmol/posterior lobe). In the anterior lobes of cyclic rats the levels of ACh varied with the estrous cycle, with daily peaks being observed on the days of proestrus and estrus. The occurrence of ACh, apparently as a humoral factor, appears to be unique to the anterior pituitary. PMID- 3214742 TI - Activity of dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurones in the thoracic spinal cord in relation to respiratory movement. AB - The discharges of 22 antidromically identified dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) neurones, whose activity was modulated in phase with the spontaneous respiratory cycle, were recorded in the lower thoracic segments of anaesthetized cats. Out of them, 16 neurones increased in their firing rate during the inspiratory phase and 6 during the expiratory phase. When the animal was paralysed and artificially ventilated, rhythmic activity of DSCT neurones was locked to the respiratory pump cycle. Once the artificial ventilation was stopped, no modulation was found even though rhythmic activity of the phrenic nerve discharges still remained. The same results were obtained in vagotomized cats. These results indicate that some thoracic DSCT neurones convey information of peripheral events in the chest wall during respiratory movement. PMID- 3214743 TI - Loss of transmitter-associated enzyme staining following axotomy does not indicate death of brainstem cholinergic neurons. AB - To assess the validity of using loss of transmitter-associated enzyme staining to document the death of injured cholinergic neurons, vagal and hypoglossal cholinergic neurons were quantitatively identified at 7 and 28 days following unilateral axotomy using staining procedures for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) or acetylcholinesterase (AChE), using Nissl stains, and using the retrogradely transported dye, True blue, as an intracellular marker. At 7 days post-axotomy, the transmitter-associated enzymes, ChAT and AChE, had disappeared from over 95% of vagal neurons (P greater than 0.001) and from over 50% of hypoglossal neurons (P greater than 0.001) as compared with the unlesioned control side. At 28 days post-axotomy, ChAT and AChE were still absent from over 70% of vagal neurons (P greater than 0.001) but only from about 15% of hypoglossal neurons as compared with unlesioned control sides. In contrast, no statistically significant losses of either vagal or hypoglossal neurons were found at 7 or 28 days post-axotomy using Nissl stains or detection of retrogradely transported True blue. These findings indicate that transmitter-associated enzyme expression can be regulated independently of neuronal survival following injury. We conclude that absence of transmitter-associated enzyme staining is not an absolute indicator of death of cholinergic neurons. PMID- 3214744 TI - Basic questions in neuroscience: a symposium. San Antonio, Texas, November 30 December 2, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3214745 TI - Videomicroscopy of acute brain slices from amygdala and hippocampus. AB - Video-enhanced contrast, differential-interference contrast microscopy (VEC-DICM) was used to visualize the cytoarchitecture and subcellular neuronal structure of acute brain slices from rat hippocampus and amygdala. Even at low-power magnification, the VEC-DICM system vastly improved our ability to visualize and examine the gross organization of the tissue. With medium-power magnification, the neuronal somata and proximal dendrites were clearly visible. With high-power magnification, some of the subcellular details could be clearly discerned- including cell nuclei, cell nucleoli, fine dendritic processes, and varicosities that may be synaptic expansions. We conclude that improved optical techniques should be valuable to cellular neurobiologists interested in structure-function relationships in brain slices. PMID- 3214747 TI - Set related and premovement related activity of primate primary somatosensory cortical neurons depends upon stimulus modality and subsequent movement. AB - The activity of primate primary somatosensory (SI) cortical neurons was examined in monkeys trained to perform wrist movements in response to visual or vibratory cues using single-unit, extracellular recording techniques. Neuronal discharge rates associated with peripheral stimulus onset often differed depending upon the modality of the stimulus and whether the animals were instructed to make wrist movements or withhold them. Premovement activity changes that led muscle activation commonly were of different magnitude depending on the modality of the triggering stimulus. This was true both for neurons that responded to vibratory stimuli and those that exhibited no vibratory response. These observations suggest that the activity of SI neurons may be influenced by central modulatory as well as peripheral inputs during task behavior. PMID- 3214746 TI - In vivo properties of neurons of the precruciate cortex of cats. AB - The electrical properties of 409 cells of the precruciate cortex of cats were measured intracellularly, in vivo. Resting potentials (RP) averaged -54 +/- 11 mV (SD), and action potentials (AP) of up to 80 mV were found. The magnitude of RP was correlated with the size of AP recorded. Input resistance averaged 8.4 +/- 8.0 megohms (n = 180 cells) and was uncorrelated with AP or RP. There were no significant differences in the above electrical properties between HRP-identified layer V pyramidal cells (n = 56) and unidentified cells (n = 353). However, within layer V pyramidal cells, the size of the soma was relatable to input resistance. Comparisons of present in vivo data with in vitro data obtained by other investigators from cells of the same region, type and species indicate that resting potentials are more positive in vivo than in vitro, but that critical firing thresholds are the same. Injections of ramp depolarizing currents in 118 unidentified cells disclosed 82% simple (no or minimal accommodation) responses. 18% ceiling (small accommodation) responses, and no minimal gradient (large accommodation or injury) responses. This finding was similar to that found in layer V pyramidal cells in vitro. PMID- 3214748 TI - New evidence for a gating action of norepinephrine in central neuronal circuits of mammalian brain. AB - Many previous studies have examined the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on neuronal responsiveness to synaptic inputs and putative transmitter substances and have described differential depressant actions of NE on stimulus evoked versus spontaneous discharge such that the "signal to noise" ratio of threshold responses was increased. In the present studies, similar experimental strategies employing a combination of microiontophoresis, single unit recording and afferent pathway stimulation in intact anesthetized and brain tissue slice preparations have revealed noradrenergic "gating" actions whereby weak or subthreshold synaptic stimuli can evoke threshold neuronal responses in the presence of iontophoretically applied NE or following electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus. Overall, these results suggest that potentially threshold excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs may normally arrive at central neurons but appear weak or absent except during behavioral conditions favoring the synaptic release of NE. As such, these findings provide evidence that signal to noise ratio may not be the only potential modulatory action expressed by NE in noradrenergic target circuits of the mammalian brain. PMID- 3214749 TI - Modulation of the spontaneous and evoked discharges of ventral posterior thalamic neurons during shifts in arousal. AB - The responses of 154 ventral posterior thalamic neurons to a variety of somatic stimuli and to electrical stimulation of the midbrain spinal lemniscus were recorded in the awake squirrel monkey during varying states of arousal. Many VP (42/93) neurons showed changes in somatosensory responsiveness which correlated with shifts in arousal. Arousal related modulation (ARM) of somatic responses were not selective for any specific stimulus modality. Most cells (N = 36) responded maximally during quiet waking with responses significantly reduced during drowsiness or periods of waking movement. Other neurons (N = 5) responded maximally during drowsiness, and gave decreased responses as the level of arousal increased. Similar changes were seen for neurons driven by spinal lemniscal (SL) stimulation. All changes in evoked responses were independent of prestimulus background discharge frequency. At least one site of ARM takes place at the level of the VP thalamus. PMID- 3214750 TI - Altered reactivity of the rat adrenal medulla. AB - Previous studies have suggested that experimental alterations in adrenomedullary reactivity, i.e., changes in catecholamine release in response to a standard dose of acetylcholine, may be partially accounted for by changes occurring at the level of the adrenal medulla itself, independent of both the central nervous system and the innervation of the adrenal gland. The present study was designed to investigate the morphology of adrenal chromaffin cells in rats subjected to chronic hypoglycemia induced by long acting insulin, and to assess this morphology in terms of associated changes in catecholamine content and release. Surgically isolated, perfused adrenal gland preparations were utilized to characterize the functional release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla. Pretreatment with long acting insulin resulted in a selective depletion of epinephrine stores and acetylcholine-mediated epinephrine release, but did not appear to significantly affect either the levels or the release of norepinephrine. The biochemical effects of long acting insulin persisted for several days after termination of the treatment, exhibiting a gradual recovery over a period of approximately 5 days. Electron microscopic examination of the adrenal chromaffin cells revealed a progressive degranulation and vacuolization of numerous chromaffin cells followed by a compensatory biosynthetic response and a gradual recovery toward the morphology of control cells. The functional release of catecholamines from adrenal chromaffin cells was further examined in preparations of perfused adrenal slices. Acetylcholine-mediated catecholamine release was significantly decreased in slices of adrenal glands prepared from insulin treated rats when compared with that of control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3214751 TI - ATP secretion and extracellular protein phosphorylation by CNS neurons in primary culture. AB - The significant role of secreted ATP in the regulation of neuronal function and the activity of ecto-protein kinases which utilize extracellular ATP to phosphorylate proteins localized at the cell surface have been previously studied in peripheral neurons and in cloned neural cell lines. In the present study we have utilized neostriatal neurons differentiated in primary culture to demonstrate vesicular secretion of ATP and phosphorylation of proteins by extracellular ATP in neurons derived from the central nervous system (CNS). Neostriatal neurons from embryonic mice were maintained in a chemically defined medium for 15-18 days. Functional differentiation was determined by measuring evoked GABA-release. ATP-secretion was measured by luciferin-luciferase assays, and protein phosphorylation by adding gamma-32P-ATP to the extracellular medium. Depolarization by 50 mM KCl induced a Ca++-dependent ATP release, and stimulation by 100 microM veratridine resulted in secretion of ATP that could be blocked by tetrodotoxin. Phosphorylation of specific protein components with apparent molecular mass of 110 Kd, 80 Kd, 55 Kd, 30 Kd and 20 Kd was detected in striatal neurons incubated for 15 min with gamma-32P-ATP added to the medium, but not by labeling intracellular ATP pools with equivalent amounts of radioactivity presented as inorganic 32Pi. These results open for investigation the role of extracellular protein phosphorylation systems in processes underlying the responsiveness of CNS neurons to secreted ATP. PMID- 3214752 TI - Tyrosine: effects on catecholamine release. AB - Tyrosine administration elevates striatal levels of dopamine metabolites in animals given treatments that accelerate nigrostriatal firing, but not in untreated rats. We examined the possibility that the amino acid might actually enhance dopamine release in untreated animals, but that the technique of measuring striatal dopamine metabolism was too insensitive to demonstrate such an effect. Dopamine release was assessed directly, using brain microdialysis of striatal extracellular fluid. Tyrosine administration (50-200 mg/kg IP) did indeed cause a dose related increase in extracellular fluid dopamine levels with minor elevations in levels of DOPAC and HVA, its major metabolites, which were not dose-related. The rise in dopamine was short-lived, suggesting that receptor mediated feedback mechanisms responded to the increased dopamine release by diminishing neuronal firing or sensitivity to tyrosine. These observations indicate that measurement of changes in striatal DOPAC and HVA, if negative, need not rule out increases in nigrostriatal dopamine release. PMID- 3214753 TI - Effects of chronic administration of caffeine on adenosine A1 and A2 receptors in rat brain. AB - Chronic administration of caffeine (75 mg/kg/day) to rats for 12 days increased [3H]R-PIA binding in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum and [3H]NECA binding to high affinity receptor sites in the striatum. The results indicate that both adenosine A1 and A2 receptor subtypes possess mechanisms of adaptation to chronic caffeine treatment. In addition, adenosine A1 receptor binding shows heterogenous neuroanatomical pattern indicating that the A1 response to caffeine treatment presents regional variation in the rat brain. PMID- 3214754 TI - Heterosis and resistance to DFP effects on spatial learning in C57BL X DBA hybrids. AB - The inbred mouse strains C57BL/6Ibg and DBA/2Ibg differ in their ability to exhibit spatial learning in the Morris water task. C57BL mice learn the task well and show impairment of spatial learning following disruption of cholinergic function. DBA mice show rudimentary spatial learning ability, and are not further impaired when cholinergic function is decreased. These mice may carry genes regulating a noncholinergic spatial learning system. To test this hypothesis, first generation (F1) hybrids between DBA and C57BL mice were tested for spatial learning in the Morris water task. The hybrids performed better than either parental strain, suggesting that both parents contributed genes for spatial learning ability. Chronic treatment with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), which abolished spatial learning ability in C57BL mice, produced only minor impairments in the hybrids. The behavioral resistance to DFP occurred despite significant reductions in hippocampal and cortical muscarinic binding. The results suggest either that the hybrids inherited a noncholinergic neurochemical system influencing spatial learning from their DBA parents or that the DFP treatment did not disrupt cholinergic function to a sufficient degree to impair the superior learning abilities of the F1 hybrids. PMID- 3214755 TI - The role of the teacher in learning-based models of parietal area 7a. AB - The back-propagation learning procedure can be used to train simulated neural networks to compute arbitrary functions. We have recently shown that when such a network is trained to carry out the transformation of stimulus location to head centered coordinates that occurs in parietal area 7a, the response properties of certain units in the network closely resemble neurons found in area 7a. The back propagation procedure requires the use of a teacher. Here we examine the effect of using different kinds of teachers. As long as the teacher represents information about stimulus location in head-centered coordinates, the trained network contains units of the kind found in area 7a. Differences in teacher format only effect the quantitative distribution of the different unit types. When the teacher does not represent stimulus location explicitly, the network does not contain units of the required kind. PMID- 3214756 TI - Mathematical model of cellular mechanisms contributing to presynaptic facilitation. AB - Presynaptic facilitation of transmitter release from sensory neurons is an important mechanism contributing to nonassociative and associative learning in Aplysia. In a previous modeling study (28,29), we concluded that enhancement of the postsynaptic potential (PSP) during presynaptic facilitation is mediated by at least two processes; spike broadening, which has been observed experimentally, and a process that we modeled as mobilization of transmitter. In an effort to gain insight into the relative contribution of these two mechanisms of presynaptic facilitation, we have extended our earlier model to include more detailed descriptions of: a) the kinetics of the Ca2+ channel, b) the diffusion of Ca2+ through the cytoplasm, c) the process of transmitter release, and d) the PSP. The present quantitative model provides an accurate description of the input output relationship for synapses of sensory neurons, and predicts changes in the shape of postsynaptic potentials as a function of mobilization and spike broadening. The results confirm and extend previous experimental studies (33) and indicated that cellular analogs of sensitization (facilitation of nondecremented responses) is mediated primarily by spike broadening; whereas, analogs of dishabituation (facilitation of depressed responses) require mobilization. PMID- 3214757 TI - A test for modulation of synaptic efficacy by induced membrane potential variance. AB - A modification of Klopf's heterostatic adaptive neuron hypothesis is proposed, in which membrane potential variance, rather than depolarization, has adaptive influence on individual nerve cells. Recordings from each of two configurations of three-cell networks of Aplysia buccal ganglia test for either nonspecific or associative effects of excess membrane potential and current variance, in the form of noise injection into voltage-clamped postsynaptic neurons. No effects of noise are reported, suggesting either that the hypothesis is incorrect, or else that the frequency spectrum or duration of recording were inappropriate to produce the adaptive modulation. PMID- 3214758 TI - Evidence for chaos in spike trains of neurons that generate rhythmic motor patterns. AB - The findings presented here of work on the opisthobranch mollusc Pleurobranchaea californica indicate that some of the variability that has been observed in the activity of neurons during patterned motor activity may be attributable to low dimensional chaos. We obtained long trains of action potentials (spikes) from these neurons, scanned them using adjacent temporal windows having equal widths, and converted the counts into frequency time series. These series were passed through a low-pass filter and detrended when necessary. The resulting time series gave a view of the envelopes of high-frequency bursts of spikes relating to the repetitive motor activity rather than of the intervals between spikes. Where applicable, we also compared analyses of smoothed data with the unprocessed spike intervals and found similar results for each type of time series. Autocorrelation functions of the processed data quickly decreased to zero, indicating that the long-term evolution of the time series could not be predicted from information at some given time. The first zero crossing of the autocorrelation function was used to define the lag for mapping the series into multidimensional phase space. These constructions were then used to examine the dynamics of the motor patterns directly from the state parameters of the time series: 1-D maps obtained from Poincare slices of 2-D phase portraits, principal Lyapunov exponents, and correlation dimensions all indicated that the activity may be attributable to low dimensional chaos. The present findings are similar to those of previous work in which equal-interval time series were obtained by interpolation of the unequal interval spike trains. We discuss the implications of chaos and the difficulties in the application of extant dynamical tools to spike trains. An accompanying paper inquires into the ability of neural networks to read and transmit chaotic activity. PMID- 3214759 TI - Connectionist networks learn to transmit chaos. AB - Evidence presented in the preceding paper indicates that the activity of some neurons during the generation of coordinated motor patterns may be attributable to chaos. Because even "simple" biological systems are difficult to control, we have used connectionist networks in order to inquire into the question of whether a chaotic signal originating in one part of the nervous system can be learned and transmitted by another. We have examined a number of different architectures, and report here the findings for a simple network consisting of one input unit, four hidden units, and one output unit. During training sessions, the input of the circuit was given analog values of either the 3.60 or 3.95 logistic equation, or of one variable of the three-variable Rossler attractor. The backpropagated error in the learning algorithm was a function of the difference between the input value and the output at each iteration. Iterations involving small changes in analog value resulted in good similarity between the input and output signals, but little learning occurred because of the small error propagated back to the synapses. With larger differences in the analog values (and larger feedback error) at each iteration, we found that networks learned to transmit different chaotic attractors. Once the network learned one input, it could transmit another without changing the synapses. Increasing the number of hidden units increased the rate of learning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3214760 TI - Progesterone challenge test in postmenopausal women with pathological endometrium. AB - Cytosolic and nuclear progesterone receptor levels (RPC, RPN) were measured in normal and in pathological human endometria after single-dose progesterone injection 1-3 h before tissue collection (test subjects) and the results compared to those obtained in controls (no progesterone treatment). In test cases of late proliferative or midcycle normal endometria and in estrogen-primed normal postmenopausal endometria, RPN levels were higher and RPC levels were lower compared with those obtained in control samples. In test cases of postmenopausal pathological endometria, histologically normal endometria of women with postmenopausal bleeding and in one case of endometrial polyp, RPN levels were also higher and RPC levels lower than those in the respective controls, but the change of distribution of the RP (cytosol/nuclear extract) was significantly lower than in normal endometrium. PMID- 3214761 TI - Biostatistics in basic cancer research. PMID- 3214763 TI - Proceedings. The First International Breast Cancer Chemoprevention Workshop. November 20, 1987, New York City. PMID- 3214762 TI - Abstracts. Chemotherapy Foundation Symposium VIII. Innovative cancer chemotherapy for tomorrow. November 16, 17, 18, 1988, New York. PMID- 3214764 TI - Strategy for chemoprevention of human breast cancer. PMID- 3214765 TI - Statistical issues in the planning of prevention studies. PMID- 3214766 TI - Project of experimental bioassays on chemoprevention agents performed at the Bologna Institute of Oncology: report on tamoxifen control of spontaneous mammary tumors on Sprague-Dawley rats. PMID- 3214767 TI - [Anesthesia with isoflurane using a circuit filter in otologic microsurgery]. PMID- 3214768 TI - [Use of 2 opioids in blocks of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 3214769 TI - [Qualitative aspect of the blood recovered from extracorporeal circuits]. PMID- 3214770 TI - [Use of the Cell Saver in heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 3214771 TI - [Autotransfusion using Cell Saver III. Experience with 90 cases of surgery of the spine in childhood and adolescence]. AB - Intra-operative transfusion was used with Cell Saver Haemonetics III in 90 children undergoing spinal surgery for scoliosis. This technic keeps pace with controlled bleeding by collecting and processing shed blood and reinfusing washed packed red cells. During high blood loss procedures this device allowed to save up 51% of shed red cells. Our study of the intra-operative bleeding and its replacement was assessed with calculation using an individual regression line for each patient. Statistical analysis was performed by using multivariate correlation and "step wise analysis". PMID- 3214772 TI - [Autotransfusion in France. Results of a retrospective survey of autologous transfusion]. PMID- 3214773 TI - [Acute respiratory distress syndrome following massive transfusions]. PMID- 3214774 TI - [An acquired isolated transitory factor VII deficiency]. PMID- 3214775 TI - [Pregnancy in a woman undergoing continuous hemodialysis]. PMID- 3214776 TI - [A difficult intubation due to a malformation of the larynx]. PMID- 3214777 TI - [The training of anesthesiologists in Europe. Seminar of the European Academy of Anesthesiology. 3-4 June 1987, Saint-Vincent-le-Paleul]. PMID- 3214778 TI - [Comparative effects of fluid gelatins on bleeding during heart surgery in the adult]. PMID- 3214779 TI - [Peridural cervical anesthesia and oncologic ORL surgery. Our experience with 152 cases]. PMID- 3214780 TI - [Cervico-thoracic peridural anesthesia in breast surgery]. PMID- 3214781 TI - [Reliability of low-output isoflurane vaporizers]. PMID- 3214782 TI - [Use of a preanesthetic questionnaire]. PMID- 3214783 TI - [Malposition of a central venous catheter in the coronary sinus of an 8-month-old infant]. PMID- 3214784 TI - [Traumatic mitral insufficiency]. PMID- 3214785 TI - [Peridurography: value and limitations]. PMID- 3214786 TI - [The preanesthetic examination: an important judicial decision in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 3214787 TI - Intensive care monitoring. PMID- 3214788 TI - The Community Dental Service--opportunities for the future. PMID- 3214789 TI - Effectiveness of water fluoridation in the prevention of dental caries in Irish children. PMID- 3214790 TI - Changes in the prevalence of plaque, gingivitis and pocketing in a group of South Wales schoolchildren examined at the ages of 11-12 years and 15-16 years. PMID- 3214791 TI - The capability of the 1983 Children's Dental Health Survey in Scotland to predict fillings and extractions subsequently undertaken. PMID- 3214792 TI - Differences in dental caries levels between 8-year-old children in Bath from different socio-economic groups. PMID- 3214794 TI - Increasing dental attendance by using personalized reminders. PMID- 3214793 TI - The attitudes of Finnish dentists in private practice towards dental health education. PMID- 3214795 TI - The dental caries experience of 14-year-old children in England and Wales. A survey coordinated by the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry in 1986-87. PMID- 3214796 TI - The effect of lung concentrations of glutathione and vitamin E on the pulmonary toxicity of 3-methylindole. AB - The relative roles of tissue glutathione and vitamin E concentrations in the pneumotoxicity of 3-methylindole were studied. Thirty-two goats were divided into four groups and pretreated with (i) vitamin E + cysteine, (ii) vitamin E + diethylmaleate, (iii) cysteine, and (iv) diethylmaleate to vary tissue concentrations of glutathione and (or) vitamin E. Lung tissue concentrations of glutathione, vitamin E, and cytochrome P-450 were measured after pretreatments in four of eight animals in each group. Groups pretreated with cysteine had higher glutathione levels in the lung than those of diethylmaleate-pretreated goats. Goats receiving vitamin E had significantly higher concentrations of vitamin E than unsupplemented groups. After pretreatments the other four goats in each group were challenged with 3-methylindole (0.03 g/kg body weight) by intrajugular infusion. The severity of lung lesions was evaluated and scored by gross and microscopic examination at 72 h after infusion. 3-Methylindole-induced lung lesions were severe when tissue glutathione was reduced and were mild when tissue glutathione was induced. Enhancement of tissue vitamin E did not significantly affect 3-methylindole toxicity. These results indicate that the initial toxicological event is likely to be the result of binding of 3-methylindole free radical covalently to cellular protein rather than lipid peroxidation. PMID- 3214797 TI - Systolic pressure gradients between the wall of the left ventricle, the left ventricular chamber, and the aorta during positive inotropic states: implications for left ventricular efficiency. AB - To study systolic pressure gradients developed between the left ventricular wall, its chamber, and the aortic root, in one group of dogs left ventricle ventral wall intramyocardial pressure, left ventricular outflow tract pressure, and aorta pressure were compared with aortic flow as well as left ventricular dimension changes during control conditions as well as during positive intropic states induced by isoproterenol, stellate ganglion stimulation, and noradrenaline. In another group of dogs systolic pressures in the ventral wall of the left ventricle, the main portion of the left ventricular chamber, and the aorta were compared with aortic flow during similar interventions, before and after the administration of phentolamine. Pressure gradients between the wall of the left ventricle and the outflow tract of the left ventricle were minimal during control states, but during the three positive inotropic states were increased significantly. In contrast, pressure gradients between the outflow tract of the left ventricle and the aortic root were insignificant during positive inotropic states; those between the wall and main portion of the chamber were only significantly different during left stellate ganglion stimulation. The data derived from these experiments indicate that useful peak power output of the left ventricle (systolic aortic pressure X flow) is unchanged following isoproterenol infusion, but is increased by stellate ganglion stimulation and noradrenaline. The useful peak power output index (an index of left ventricular efficiency derived by dividing useful peak power output by peak intramyocardial pressure) was reduced more by isoproterenol than the other two interventions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3214798 TI - The kinetics of drug-membrane interactions in human erythrocytes from neonates. AB - The kinetics of drug-membrane interactions of erythrocytes from neonates were compared with those from adults by monitoring the time course of the shape transformations and vesicle release caused by drugs, using a light microscope- video recording technique. Both crenation caused by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and cupping caused by chlorpromazine (CPZ) took place more slowly in the neonatal cells than in the cells from adults. The equilibrium concentrations of LPC and CPZ in erythrocytes did not differ significantly between the neonates and adults, however. The slower responses of the neonatal erythrocytes can be explained by the presence of negatively charged phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in the outer layer of the erythrocyte membrane, which may reduce the rate of incorporation of amphipathic LPC and attract cationic CPZ to remain in the outer membrane layer, lowering the rate of inward bending of the membrane normally caused by CPZ. PMID- 3214799 TI - Alteration in sialidase and other glycosidase activities in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats: persistence after preventive treatment with hydralazine. AB - Because kidney microangiopathy with capillary basement membrane thickening has been reported in spontaneous hypertension, we have studied the activities of three lysosomal glycosidases able to degrade the carbohydrate moieties of basement membrane constituents in the kidney cortex of 12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). These activities were also determined in SHR and WKY treated from 6 to 12 weeks of age with hydralazine (mean dose, 18 mg/kg per day in drinking water). Sialidase specific activity on sialyl-alpha 2-3-[3H]lactitol was markedly decreased in the kidney of untreated SHR, 40% activity remaining relative to that found in untreated age-matched WKY (p less than 0.001). beta-Galactosidase specific activity on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside was also decreased, 86% activity remaining relative to that found in untreated WKY (p less than 0.001). Glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysyl glucohydrolase specific activity on glucosyl galactosyl-hydroxylysine was equally diminished, 74% activity remaining relative to that found in untreated age-matched WKY (p less than 0.001). In contrast, the activities of two control glycosidases inactive on the carbohydrate moieties of basement membrane constituents, alpha-glucosidase assayed with p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside as substrate and beta-glucosidase assayed with p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside as substrate, were significantly increased. All the alterations in enzyme activities observed in the kidney of SHR were also present in the long term treated normotensive SHR. No effect of the hydralazine treatment on the three enzyme activities investigated could be demonstrated in the WKY. Thus the alterations observed in the kidneys of SHR appear to be independent of blood pressure level. PMID- 3214800 TI - Release of exogenously supplied [3H]glutamate and endogenous glutamate from tissue slices of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta. AB - The effect of high potassium depolarization on the release of exogenously supplied [3H]glutamate and endogenous glutamate from tissue slices of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta was examined. Increasing concentrations of potassium stimulated the release of radiolabel from tissues preloaded with [3H]glutamate. This release was by a partially calcium-dependent, magnesium-antagonized process. In the presence of tetrodotoxin, or absence of sodium, release of radiolabel was depressed, presumably by blockade of sodium-dependent neuronal potentials. The release of glutamate of both exogenous and endogenous origin was specifically and significantly elevated by high potassium; glutamate release was significantly depressed in calcium-free saline. The release of other amino acids of endogenous origin, including aspartate, was not elevated by high potassium. Collectively the data provide strong evidence for glutamate to be viewed as the only acidic amino acid neurotransmitter candidate in the cestodes. PMID- 3214801 TI - The effect of 3-methylindole on the quantity and functional quality of lung surfactant. AB - Acute bovine pulmonary edema is a naturally occurring lung disease caused by 3 methylindole (3MI), a ruminal fermentation product of tryptophan. Morphological and in vitro studies have suggested that 3MI causes abnormalities in phospholipid synthesis. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 3MI on the quantity and functional quality of surfactant using the goat as an experimental model. Following intravenous infusion of 3MI, goats were killed at 6-, 18-, and 30-h intervals. The lungs were removed and intracellular surfactant, in the form of lamellar bodies, and extracellular surfactant from alveolar lavage were quantified. 3MI treatment did cause modest changes in the lamellar body phospholipid pools, decreasing the quantity of phosphatidylcholine and the proportion of palmitate in this fraction. The quantity of lavage phospholipids was not significantly affected. There was an increase in the protein content of the lavage, reflecting the presence of edema. The functional quality of the surfactant isolated from the lavage fraction was tested in vitro using a pulsating bubble surfactometer. 3MI infusion decreased the ability of surfactant to lower the surface tension of an air bubble at maximum radius and during compression. PMID- 3214802 TI - Organ culture of rat heart: maintained high sensitivity of fetal atria before innervation to norepinephrine. AB - Changes in sensitivity to norepinephrine (NE) of fetal and neonatal rat right atria placed in organ culture were examined. The high sensitivity to NE of the 17 day fetal atria was maintained during organ culture for 5 days. The pD2 value for NE at the 17th day of gestation was 8.66 +/- 0.09, and that after organ culture for 5 days was 8.62 +/- 0.09. The sensitivity of 1-day-old neonatal artia was significantly lower than that of fetal atria; but when they were cultured for 24 h, there was a 10-fold increase in sensitivity. The pD2 value before culture was 7.59 +/- 0.05, and that after culture was 8.54 +/- 0.04. NE added to the culture medium prevented this increase in sensitivity. Similar changes were observed in the sensitivity to isoproterenol, but not in the sensitivity to forskolin, indicating that these sensitivity changes were of a postjunctional nature and most likely due to some changes in the beta-receptor and (or) its coupling to adenylate cyclase. Therefore, the decrease in myocardial sensitivity to NE observed during the late fetal period is most likely to be caused by factor(s) related to sympathetic innervation. PMID- 3214803 TI - The abnormal mechanical strength-interval curve of hypoxic rabbit papillary muscle. AB - The effect of hypoxic injury on the mechanical strength-interval curve of rabbit myocardium was studied, using an isolated left ventricular thick papillary muscle preparation. Histochemical staining disclosed a central core of injured tissue enveloped by viable muscle which was sustained by aerobic metabolism, being unaffected by iodoacetate. Mechanical strength-interval curves were derived by measurement of developed isometric tension during various pacing protocols. The phasic recovery of contractile tension, described by the strength-internal curve, was markedly prolonged and partly responsible for reduced tension development. Parameters of the strength-interval curve were determined by linear and monoexponential curve-fitting procedures during various experimental interventions. These parameters indicated that the contractility recovery rate was not altered by acidosis or propranolol, but the early phase of the strength interval curve (at short test intervals) was augmented by propranolol, and the plateau of the full curve was depressed by acidosis. These observations emphasize that the strength-interval curve must be considered in any study of the effect of a drug or other intervention on the contractility of hypoxic myocardium. PMID- 3214804 TI - Glycogen utilization in rat respiratory muscles during intense running. AB - Glycogen concentration in the adult rat diaphragm and intercostal muscles has been examined following heavy treadmill exercise to determine the recruitment strategy and the significance of glycogen as a substrate to satisfy the elevated energy requirements accompanying hyperpnea. Short-term continuous running at 60 m/min and a 12 degree grade resulted in a reduction (p less than 0.05) in the concentration of glycogen (39%) in the costal region of the rat diaphragm. Similarly, glycogen concentration was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) with this exercise protocol in all respiratory muscles studied, with the exception of the sternal region of the diaphragm. With the less intense running protocols, glycogen degradation continued to be pronounced (p less than 0.05) in the majority of the respiratory muscles sampled. The significance of muscle glycogen as a substrate for energy metabolism in the respiratory muscles was not affected by the procedure used to prepare the animal for tissue sampling (Somnitol, diethyl ether, decapitation). Examination of selected locomotor muscles revealed extensive glycogen loss in muscles composed of essentially slow oxidative fibres (soleus), fast oxidative glycolytic fibres (vastus lateralis red), and fast glycolytic fibres (vastus lateralis white). It is concluded that during heavy exercise in the rat, recruitment of motor units occurs in all regions of the diaphragm and in the intercostal muscles. At least for the costal region of the diaphragm and as evidenced by the modest (two- to four-fold) but significant (p less than 0.05) increases in lactate concentration, the increased ATP requirements in these muscles are met to a large degree by increases in aerobic metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3214805 TI - The Anrep effect: an intrinsic myocardial mechanism. AB - In cat papillary muscles contracting physiologically, increasing the afterload caused a biphasic change in contractility. In response to an increase in afterload, contractility (as measured by peak shortening, peak developed force, or peak dF/dt) initially decreased (antihomeometric autoregulation) over the first few beats and then increased slowly with t 1/2 of about 3 min at 30 degrees C and about 1 min at 37 degrees C (homeometric autoregulation). The antihomeometric autoregulation is due to decreased active shortening when the afterload is increased, since it also occurs in response to increased afterload in isotonic contractions. The secondary slow increase in contractility is primarily due to the increase in mean diastolic length that occurs as a result of increased afterload. The time course and the magnitude of the biphasic change in contractility are very similar to those observed in response to afterload increase in intact hearts; we suggest that the secondary slow increase in contractility that we observed is a contributory mechanism to homeometric autoregulation (or the Anrep effect), as it is observed in the whole heart. PMID- 3214806 TI - Adenosine modulation of vasoconstrictor responses to stimulation of sympathetic nerves and norepinephrine infusion in the superior mesenteric artery of the cat. AB - Vasoconstriction induced by sympathetic nerve stimulation and by norepinephrine infusion in the superior mesenteric artery of cats anesthetized with pentobarbital was inhibited by adenosine infusions in a dose-related way. The responses to nerve stimulation were not inhibited to a greater extent than the responses to norepinephrine, thus suggesting no presynaptic modulation of sympathetic nerves supplying the resistance vessels of the feline intestinal vascular bed. Blockade of adenosine receptors using 8-phenyltheophylline did not alter the degree of constriction induced by nerve stimulation or norepinephrine infusion, indicating that in the fasted cat, endogenous adenosine co-released or released subsequent to constriction does not affect the peak vasoconstriction reached. Isoproterenol caused similar degrees of vasodilation as adenosine but did not show significant antagonism of the pooled responses to nerve stimulation or norepinephrine infusion; there was no tendency for the degree of dilation induced by isoproterenol to correlate with the inhibition of constrictor responses. Thus, the effect of adenosine on nerve- and norepinephrine-induced constriction is not secondary to nonspecific vasodilation. PMID- 3214807 TI - Role of vagal and sympathetic afferents in reflex respiratory responses to capsaicin in dogs. AB - The respiratory responses following stimulation of type J (pulmonary C fiber) receptors by right atrial injections of capsaicin were assessed in spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs. At the reflexly effective threshold dose, the primary respiratory response elicited was tachypnoea. With higher doses of capsaicin, the tachypnoea was replaced by apnoea. Left atrial injections of capsaicin also resulted in apnoea, which was abolished or reduced by injecting Xylocaine into the pericardial sac, and after vagotomy, apnoea was replaced by tachypnoea. The latter findings suggested that the apnoea produced by left atrial injection of capsaicin might be due to stimulation of receptors with vagal afferents coursing through the pericardium. In vagotomized dogs, administration of capsaicin into the abdominal aorta above the origin of the iliac arteries (the iliac arteries were kept occluded) resulted in a hyperpnoeic response. Following the transection of the spinal cord between L4 and L5, capsaicin injection into the abdominal aorta caused apnoea instead of hyperpnoea. The apnoeic response elicited was abolished by transecting the spinal cord between L1 and L2. It is suggested that the respiratory responses observed were due to stimulation of receptors in the splanchnic bed connected to sympathetic afferents. PMID- 3214808 TI - Hemagglutinating properties of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. AB - A total of 26 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were tested for their ability to agglutinate erythrocytes of different origins. Seven different hemagglutination patterns were found. Ten (38%) isolates did not agglutinate any of the erythrocytes tested. The remaining 16 (62%) isolates agglutinated human erythrocytes, and among these, 12 also agglutinated rat, cat, dog, guinea pig, or bovine erythrocytes. No correlation was found between the seven different hemagglutination patterns observed and the serotypes. Hemagglutination activity was destroyed by heating at 100 degrees C as well as by formaldehyde treatment, but was not affected by heating at 60 degrees C, by treatment with trypsin or pronase, or by homogenization of bacterial cells. No fimbriae were observed on examination of bacterial cells negatively stained with phosphotungstate using electron microscopy. Hydrophobic surface properties of the isolates were evaluated. All the isolates appear to possess a hydrophilic cell surface. The present study provides evidence that certain isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae possess hemagglutinating properties which do not appear to be mediated by fimbriae or to involve hydrophobic interactions. PMID- 3214809 TI - Molecular analyses of conjugative, gentamicin-resistance plasmids from staphylococcal clinical isolates. AB - Gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains which were isolated from infants with staphylococcal bacteremia were analyzed for the presence of self-transmissible gentamicin-resistance (Gmr) plasmids. Conjugative GMr plasmids of approximately 43.8-63 kilobases (kb) were found in all S. aureus strains. Inter- and intra-species transfer of Gmr plasmids by conjugation was observed from S. aureus to S. aureus and to S. epidermidis recipient strains. However, neither inter- nor intra-species transfer of gentamicin resistance by conjugation was observed with nine out of nine S. epidermidis donor strains which were mated with either S. epidermidis or S. aureus recipient strains. These conjugative Gmr plasmids were unable to comobilize a smaller (15-kb) plasmid present in all but two S. aureus clinical isolates. Many of the conjugative Gmr plasmids also carried genetic determinants for kanamycin, tobramycin, neomycin, and ethidium bromide resistance, and for beta-lactamase synthesis. EcoRI restriction endonuclease digests of the S. aureus Gmr conjugative plasmids revealed three different digestion patterns. Four EcoRI restriction endonuclease digestion fragments of 15, 11.4, 6.3, and 4.6 kb in size were common to all plasmids. These plasmids and conjugative Gmr staphylococcal plasmids from other geographical regions shared restriction digestion fragments of similar molecular weights. DNA hybridization with biotinylated S. aureus plasmid pIZ7814 DNA revealed a high degree of homology among these plasmids. A 50.9-kb plasmid from one of the nonconjugative S. epidermidis clinical isolates showed homology with the probe DNA but lacked a portion of a 6.3-kb fragment which was present in all conjugative plasmids and believed to carry much genetic information for conjugation. PMID- 3214810 TI - Discriminant analysis of microcalorimetric data of bacterial growth. AB - In this work a bacterial classification method based on the discriminant analysis of the microcalorimetric data provided by the growth power-time (p-t) curves is developed. This method is applied to classify several species of Enterobacteria of different origins, and the results are compared with those obtained by conventional techniques. The proposed analysis allows us to classify bacteria into species and discriminate among strains of the same species. The classification is carried out using one run of each isolate after standardization of inocula and growth conditions. The discrimination power of available microcalorimetric data is also discussed, and the most discriminant set of data is proposed as the input variables of the analysis. Finally, the advantages of microcalorimetry as a taxonomical technique are discussed. PMID- 3214811 TI - Effect of incubation temperature, ageing, and bisulfite content of unsupplemented Brucella agar on aerotolerance of Campylobacter jejuni. AB - A mutant strain of Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 29428 was isolated that grows on unsupplemented Brucella agar at O2 levels as high as 21% at 37 degrees C. While measuring the degree of aerotolerance of this mutant on unsupplemented Brucella medium and comparing it with that of the wild type, we found considerable variation among our estimates. As measured by colony counts on unsupplemented Brucella agar incubated at various oxygen levels, the degree of aerotolerance was affected by incubation temperature and the age of the medium. Aerotolerance was consistently higher on plates incubated at 42 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. When the commercial dehydrated Brucella medium that was used to prepare the Brucella agar was stored in a beaker for 2.5 months, the degree of aerotolerance of C. jejuni was decreased. Addition of 0.01% sodium bisulfite reversed this inhibition. Storage of bottles of hydrated Brucella agar for 1.5 months also resulted in a decreased aerotolerance; again, in addition of 0.01% bisulfite reversed the effect. Aerotolerance was greatly decreased when Brucella agar was prepared from all its individual components except 0.01% bisulfite. The results indicate that the bisulfite component of Brucella agar deteriorates during storage of the dehydrated and hydrated media, and that this deterioration can affect measurements of aerotolerance. PMID- 3214812 TI - Speculative cell cycle in yeast-phase growth of Sporothrix schenckii: plasma membrane ultrastructure as revealed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. AB - The cell cycle in yeast-phase growth of Sporothrix schenckii was investigated by light microscopy and freeze-fracture electron microscopy after a 3- to 7-day cultivation on brain heart infusion agar medium at 37 degrees C. Mother yeastlike cells were able to bear daughter yeastlike cells. They were also able to produce germ tubes that had the potential to develop into pseudohyphae and hyphae. On the other hand, hyphae or pseudohyphae born from yeastlike cells were able to bear yeastlike cells directly. These results lead us to propose a hypothetical cell cycle for yeast-phase growth involving yeastlike vegetative cells, pseudohyphae, and hyphae. PMID- 3214813 TI - Identification of rumen bacteria that anaerobically degrade nitrite. AB - Fifty-one pure strains of rumen bacteria, representing 15 genera, were tested for their ability to metabolize nitrite. Twenty-five of the strains, belonging to eight genera, were capable of growth and nitrite metabolism in nitrite-containing medium sterilized by autoclaving. An additional 10 strains showed growth and nitrite metabolism in medium that was autoclaved before the addition of filter sterilized nitrite. Nitrite metabolism was not observed in the remaining 16 strains, and these were also incapable of growth in the presence of nitrite. Ammonia was produced during nitrite reduction by Megasphaera elsdenii J1. In agreement with previous studies, abiotic losses of nitrite were observed during autoclaving and storage of media, but losses of nitrite due to bacterial metabolism were much greater. PMID- 3214814 TI - Androgenetic alopecia: from empiricism to knowledge. PMID- 3214815 TI - Etiology and diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia. PMID- 3214816 TI - The comparative histopathology of male-pattern baldness and senescent baldness. PMID- 3214817 TI - New topical agents for hair growth. AB - The topical agents developed thus far to treat male-pattern baldness have provided encouraging results, but with continued efforts other new, more effective compounds are certain to be developed in the future in this promising new area of dermatologic research. PMID- 3214818 TI - The hairless mouse as a model for evaluating promoters of hair growth. PMID- 3214819 TI - The effect of testosterone, cyproterone acetate, and minoxidil on hair loss in the androchronogenetic alopecia mouse. PMID- 3214820 TI - Androgenetic alopecia, trichotrophic substances, and histologic studies of the human scalp. PMID- 3214821 TI - Histologic response to topically applied minoxidil in male-pattern alopecia. PMID- 3214823 TI - Cell kinetics of the human hair follicle. PMID- 3214822 TI - Three percent topical minoxidil therapy for female androgenetic alopecia. PMID- 3214824 TI - The meaning of baldness and implications for treatment. PMID- 3214825 TI - Medical students' attitude towards psychiatry. AB - The attitudes of medical students are important as they influence recruitment to psychiatry. In order to better understand the attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry and the impact of psychiatric clerkship, the authors administered a questionnaire eliciting information regarding demographic data, attitudes and career choices to third year medical students of the University of Ottawa, at the beginning and end of their four week psychiatric clerkship. The data suggests that the students found their clerkship experience valuable and rewarding and expressed an interest in knowing more about psychiatry. The students' perception of the various aspects of their clinical practice of psychiatry became more positive after the clerkship. The authors have identified the positive and negative experiences the students had during their clerkship and postulate that the change in attitude is directly due to their clerkship experience. PMID- 3214826 TI - Treatment resistant depression: a clinical perspective. AB - One hundred and fourteen patients with a diagnosis of "treatment resistant depression" (TRD) were assessed and treated at a Mood Disorders Clinic. Diagnostically, 52 (45.6%) subjects met criteria for bipolar disorder, 49 (42.9%) for recurrent depression, and 13 (11.4%) patients did not fulfill diagnostic criteria for affective disorder which explained their treatment resistance. With appropriate, individualized treatment, 59 of 98 (60.2%) patients had complete symptom remission based on clinical and psychometric ratings (initial Ham-D 26.7, final Ham-D 5.9). Eighteen of 98 patients had partial remission (final Ham-D 15.9) with vigorous pharmacological interventions, and 8 subjects exhibited "absolute" TRD (final Ham-D 23.4). The results suggest the value of specialized mood disorder services. The partial and absolute TRD's were more likely to be older, received more Axis II diagnoses, and had previous histories of drug or alcohol abuse. PMID- 3214827 TI - The effectiveness of a child psychiatric unit: a follow-up study. AB - This follow-up study to determine the effectiveness of a child psychiatric unit found evidence to support a program emphasizing a predetermined period of hospitalization. Most measures of family satisfaction, behaviour and social function improved significantly. The unit appears to treat older children as well as those less than 9, children from fighting families as well as those with less fighting, and sexually abused children as well as physically abused children. The program includes: 2 weeks of preadmission evaluations, 5 weeks hospitalization and 5 weeks of follow-up, placement decisions made before admission, primary responsibility for front line staff and treatment programs composed of various combinations of techniques from a list of 65 possible techniques. PMID- 3214828 TI - The assessment of deviant sexual arousal as a function of intelligence, instructional set and alcohol ingestion. AB - Sexual offenders who had been referred for a forensic evaluation were assessed in terms of their deviant sexual arousal by means of standard penile plethysmographic procedures. The sample was divided into Rapist and Nonrapist groups according to their sexual history and criminal charges. Penile circumference responses (PCR) and self-reported arousal to consenting sex, sexual assault, and physical assault were monitored. The assessments were repeated following subject instructions to suppress their arousal and following the ingestion of alcohol. The overall correlation between PCR and self-reported arousal was .65. An Alcohol-by-Offender Type interaction revealed that the lowering effect of alcohol on PCR occurred only among the Nonrapists. The suppression instruction increased Rapists' PCRs to Rape and Physical Assault presentations relative to consenting sexual narrations. When the data were examined in relation to intelligence, low IQ Rapists displayed greater responses to rape than high IQ Rapists. Under the influence of alcohol, low IQ Rapists displayed greater arousal regardless of the stimulus, while high IQ Rapists showed no change, and Nonrapists responded less than they did without alcohol. Comments concerning the accurate assessment of deviant sexual arousal and the identification of precursors to deviant sexual behaviour are made in view of the current findings. PMID- 3214829 TI - The clinical and forensic psychiatric issues of retifism. AB - The literature on the etiological theories, clinical manifestations and treatment of retifism (foot fetishism) and fetishisms in general are briefly reviewed. The case of a 27 year old married male foot-fetishist is presented with emphasis on the psychosexual development leading to the specific sexual deviation. The specific behavioural treatment consisted of covert aversive conditioning using self-reports of sexual urges and psychophysiological monitoring as objective measures of therapeutic change. The theoretical basis for the therapeutic response is discussed. PMID- 3214830 TI - Chronic pain patients with and without alexithymia. AB - Chronic pain patients with and without alexithymia have been compared, but no differences were observed as regards demographic variables or pain characteristics. More alexithymic patients had associated physical illness and this was significantly (P less than 0.05) different from the control groups. Psychiatric diagnosis was ascribed to only three alexithymic pain patients. It is likely that verbal inexpressivity interferes with the emergence of psychopathology. Lower level of psychopathology could be due to the marked alexithymia in the pain patients of the study group. PMID- 3214831 TI - Eating attitudes as related to demographic and personality characteristics: a high school survey. AB - A survey of 577 high school students was conducted to assess attitudes toward eating and their relationship to demographic and personality characteristics. Students completed a demographic questionnaire, and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) and the Basic Personality Inventory (A-BPI). When a cut-off score of 20 on EAT-26 was applied, overall prevalence of disordered eating attitude was found to be 7.5%. Groups scoring in pathological versus normal ranges showed no significant difference in mean age, socioeconomic status or race. The former group reported significantly shorter height and lower body weight. Of the subjects, 6.06% reported weight below the 10th percentile. This subgroup did not vary from those above the 10th percentile on sociodemographic and psychopathological variables, nor in prevalence of abnormal eating attitudes. Analysis of the A-BPI data showed subjects with abnormal eating attitudes had increased psychopathology in several areas, with greater neurotic tendencies, lower self-esteem and higher levels of deviant thinking and behaviour. PMID- 3214832 TI - Delusional double mourning: a complication of bereavement in dementia. AB - We describe two elderly patients with senile dementia who presented with the delusion that a parent had died within weeks of the actual death of a spouse. These fixed, systematized, and persistent beliefs do not correspond to the delusions of dementia or of the bereaved elderly that have been previously described. The phenomenology and implications of these "delusions of double mourning" are discussed. PMID- 3214833 TI - The position of the Canadian Psychiatric Association on Mental Health Legislation. PMID- 3214834 TI - Somatization in gynecological patients. PMID- 3214835 TI - "At risk" group for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. PMID- 3214836 TI - Biological markers in borderline personality disorders: an overview. PMID- 3214837 TI - A specific delusion in a schizophrenic patient treated with pimozide. PMID- 3214838 TI - Induction of sister chromatid exchange and dominant lethal mutation by 'Katha' (catechu) in male mice. PMID- 3214839 TI - Synthesis of O-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1----3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4) 2- acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (N-acetyl-3'-O-alpha-L fucopyranosyllactosamine). AB - Methyl 2-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (6) was obtained in five, good yielding steps from methyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (1). Treatment of 1 with tert butylchlorodiphenylsilane in N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of imidazole afforded a 6-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl) ether, which was converted into its 3,4-O isopropylidene derivative (3). Benzylation of 3 with benzyl bromide-silver oxide in N,N-dimethylformamide, and subsequent cleavage of its acetal and ether groups then afforded 6. On similar benzylation, followed by the same sequence of deprotection, benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-4-O-[6-O-(tert butyldiphenylsilyl)-3,4 -O- isopropylidene-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-2-deoxy-alpha D-glucopyranoside gave the 2-O-benzyl derivative (10). Compound 10 was converted into its 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal (11). Glycosylation (catalyzed by halide-ion) of 11 with 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl bromide afforded the fully protected trisaccharide derivative (13). Cleavage of the benzylidene and then the benzyl groups of 13 furnished the title trisaccharide (16). The structure of 16 was established by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. PMID- 3214840 TI - Synthetic mucin fragments. Benzyl O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl) (1----3)-O-beta-D- galactopyranosyl-(1----3)-O-[(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D glucopyran osy l)- (1----6)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside and benzyl O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-beta-D- galactopyranosyl-(1----3)-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----6)]-2-ac eta mido- 2 deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside. AB - Treatment of benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside with 4 methoxybenzaldehyde dimethyl acetal in N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of 4 toluenesulfonic acid afforded the 4,6-O-(4-methoxybenzylidene) acetal, which was glycosylated with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide (1). Reductive ring-opening of the acetal group provided a 6-O-(4-methoxybenzyl) derivative (4) which was glycosylated with 1, followed by removal of the 4 methoxybenzyl ether group, to give benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4-di-O-(2,3,4,6 tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyran osyl)- alpha-D-galactopyranoside (7). The disaccharide diol 5, obtained from 4, and benzyl O-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----3) -O- (2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D galactopyranosyl)-(1----3)-2-acetamido-2-deox y- alpha-D-galactopyranoside (11) were similarly glycosylated with 1 to afford a trisaccharide derivative 9 and a tetrasaccharide derivative 14, respectively. Diol 11 was also condensed with 2 methyl-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-di-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyrano)-[2, 1-d]-2- oxazoline to give a tetrasaccharide derivative 16. O-Deacetylation of trisaccharides 7 and 9, and tetrasaccharides 14 and 16 furnished trisaccharides 8 and 10, and the title tetrasaccharides 15 and 17, respectively. The structures of compounds 8, 10, 15, and 17 were established by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. PMID- 3214841 TI - Synthesis of a trisaccharide of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulopyranosylonic acid (KDO) residues related to the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope of Chlamydia. AB - The disaccharides, O-(sodium 3-deoxy-alpha- and -beta-D-manno-2 octulopyranosylonate)-(2----8)-sodium (allyl 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-2 octulopyranosid)onate, were prepared via glycosylation of methyl (allyl 4,5,7-tri O-acetyl-3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-2-octulopyranosid)onat e with methyl (4,5,7,8 tetra-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulopyranosyl bromide)onate under Helferich and Koenigs-Knorr conditions, respectively. Based on g.l.c.-m.s. data of the alpha- and beta-(2----8)-linked disaccharide derivatives, obtained after carbonyl and carboxyl-group reduction, followed by methylation, the alpha-anomeric configuration was assigned to the terminal KDO-residue in the KDO-region of Chlamydial lipopolysaccharide. The trisaccharide O-(sodium 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno 2-octulopyranosylonate)-(2----8)-(sodium 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-2 octulopyranosylonate)-(2----4)-sodium (allyl 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-2 octulopyranosid)onate was obtained via block synthesis using an alpha-(2----8) linked disaccharide bromide derivative as the glycosyl donor. Copolymerization of the allyl glycosides with acrylamide gave water-soluble macromolecular antigens, suitable for defining epitope specificities of monoclonal antibodies directed against Chlamydial LPS. PMID- 3214842 TI - Synthesis of branched-chain sugars: a stereoselective route to sibirosamine, kansosamine, and vinelose from a common precursor. AB - Methyl 4,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-4-(N-methyl-N-phenylsulfonylamino)-alpha-L- mannopyranoside and methyl 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L mannopyranoside, derivatives of the branched-chain amino sugars sibirosamine and kansosamine, respectively, were synthesized by nucleophilic ring-opening of methyl 3,4-anhydro-6-deoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-talopyranoside. Catalytic reduction of methyl 6-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyrano sid-4 ulose gave the axial alcohol methyl 6-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-3-C-methyl-alpha L-talopyranoside, a known precursor to vinelose. PMID- 3214843 TI - Synthesis of (Z)-3,7-anhydro-1,2-dideoxy-2-deuterio-D-gluco-oct-2- enitol, a prochiral substrate for probing the catalytic functioning of of glucosylases. AB - Synthesis of the title compound provides a prochiral, glycosyl-donor substrate well suited for use as a probe of the catalytic functioning of D-glucosyl mobilizing enzymes, because the full stereochemistry of enzymic reactions at its double bond may be unambiguously determined by examining the reaction products. The starting material for the synthesis was 2,6-anhydro-D-glycero-D-gulo-heptonic acid, from which 3,7-anhydro-4,5,6,8-tetra-O-benzyl-1-deoxy-D-glycero-D-gulo-2- octulose was prepared in eight steps. Reduction with lithium aluminum deuteride, and conversion of the resulting diastereomeric alcohols into (Z)-3,7-anhydro 4,5,6,8-tetra-O-benzyl-1,2-dideoxy-2-deuterio-D- gluco-oct-2-enitol (11) and 3,7 anhydro-4,5,6,8-tetra-O-benzyl-1,2-dideoxy-2-deuterio-D- glycero-D-gulo-oct-1 enitol (16), was carried out. By-products were 3,7-anhydro-2-O-benzoyl-4,5,6,8 tetra-O-benzyl-1,2-dideoxy-2-deuterio -D-erythro-L-galacto-octitol and 3,7 anhydro-2-O-benzoyl-4,5,6,8-tetra-O-benzyl-1,2-dideoxy-2-deuterio -D-erythro-L talo-octitol, which could, like compound 16, be recycled. On debenzylation the oct-2-enitol 11 yielded (Z)-3,7-anhydro-1,2-dideoxy-2-deuterio-D-gluco-oct-2 enitol. PMID- 3214844 TI - Structure of the capsular polymer of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 6. AB - The capsular polymer of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 6 (ATCC 33590) was investigated by methylation, dephosphorylation, partial hydrolysis, and 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. methods. It was found to be a high-molecular-weight polymer composed of triglycosylglycerol phosphate repeating-units joined through monophosphate diester linkages, and has the structure: (formula; see text). PMID- 3214845 TI - Mineral and protein concentrations in enamel of the developing permanent porcine dentition. AB - Calcium, phosphorus and protein analyses have been performed on developing permanent enamel from the mandibular dentition of the domestic pig. The pattern of mineralization and protein loss was similar from tooth to tooth and similar to teeth from other species. Comparison of different teeth at the same developmental stages (secretion--stage 1, transition--stage 2 and maturation - stage 3) revealed remarkably similar concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and protein regardless of tooth type. These data were similar to those from other deciduous dentitions, except that maturing/mature tissue in the pig seemed less well mineralized. PMID- 3214846 TI - Suitability of human, bovine, equine, and ovine tooth enamel for studies of artificial bacterial carious lesions. AB - The progress of artificial caries-like lesions created in human, bovine, equine, and ovine enamel has been studied. Lesions were produced by exposure to an acid gel system or by 5-day exposure to a sequential batch culture technique using Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10832. Longitudinal ground sections were prepared. The lesions were of similar appearance in all species when examined in polarized light. The depth in human enamel was approximately half that in the animal species. Microradiography confirmed subsurface demineralization in all four species. Similar depth ratios were seen in the scanning electron microscope, but there were structural differences between lesions in human and animal teeth. Lesions in bovine teeth were more like those in human, but lesions in equine and ovine teeth were markedly different. Substitution of these animal enamels for human enamel in caries experiments demands that these differences be taken into account. Scanning electron microscopy is capable of resolving features in artificial caries lesions which cannot be differentiated by polarized light techniques. The latter will demonstrate generalized mineral loss, but scanning electron microscopy is required to characterize the sites of mineral loss. PMID- 3214847 TI - Monobacterial and mixed bacterial plaques of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella alcalescens in an artificial mouth: development, metabolism, and effect on human dental enamel. AB - To gain greater understanding of the role of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella in the caries process, studies of both aerobically and anaerobically grown plaques of S. mutans C67-1 and V. alcalescens V-1 on human enamel slabs were carried out in an artificial mouth. Plaque development, acid production, and demineralization were measured. Early plaque development of monobacterial and mixed bacterial plaques started from randomly adhering cells on day 1 to confluent multilayered microcolonies on day 4. Differences were observed in viable cell counts, total cell mass, and in acid production. In most cases CFU, DNA and acid production were higher in the mixed bacterial plaque, especially in the anaerobic mixed plaque. Lactic acid was the predominant acid in all cases following the supply of sucrose to the plaque. No decisive role could be found for acetic, formic, and propionic acid. No inhibition of demineralization was observed in the enamel slabs inoculated with both aerobic and anaerobic mixed plaques. Demineralization ranged from the more classical picture of lesion development in the aerobic monobacterial plaque-treated samples to an aggressive etching of the enamel surface in the anaerobically mixed treated slabs. PMID- 3214848 TI - Comparison of in vitro demineralization of enamel sections and slabs. PMID- 3214849 TI - Prevention of fissure caries in rats by dietary F supplement with and without topical application of F and Sr + F. AB - In our previous studies, combined dietary and topical fluoride have shown to be more effective than each alone. Moreover, supplementation of chlorhexidine fluoride solution with Sr was beneficial for caries prevention in rats. In the present study, the caries-preventive effect of fluoride added to the diet plus F and/or Sr applications was studied in two experiments with rats. One group received dietary fluoride supplement only. In other groups, either a Sr solution, a fluoride varnish, or a Sr solution plus fluoride varnish were applied to newly erupted molars. In addition, one group received both topical applications of Sr + F and dietary fluoride. Caries development was followed longitudinally during periods of 15, 30 or 54 days. The greatest and most significant reduction of caries resulted from the combination of fluoride varnish plus dietary fluoride supplement. Treatment with Sr solution at the beginning of the experiment had no effect on caries either alone or combined with fluoride varnish. It was found that caries increased rapidly and then levelled off after the 30-days feeding period in all groups. In the treatment groups, however, caries was arrested at a considerably lower level than in the control group. PMID- 3214850 TI - A model to investigate xerostomia-related dental caries. AB - The aim of this study was to develop an in vivo model in which onset, progression, and prevention of xerostomia-related dental caries can be studied. The progress of the caries process was investigated on ground and polished human enamel blocks placed in the lower denture of 7 edentulous subjects suffering from xerostomia. During a period of 6 weeks the samples were analyzed at weekly intervals by means of scanning optical monitoring, scanning longitudinal microradiography, scanning electron microscopy, and hardness measurements. Although the indentation length increased significantly within 2 weeks, no demineralization could be yet observed with scanning optical monitoring, longitudinal microradiography, and electron microscopy in most samples. Starting from the 3rd week a progressive demineralization could be observed by all methods. The mineral loss (hydroxyapatite) in the 3rd week was 0.0126 kg.m-2 (median) which increased to 0.0761 kg.m-2 after 6 weeks. Scanning electron microscopy showed a destruction which resembled that of natural xerostomia related dental caries. From this study it may be concluded that the in vivo model developed is suitable for studying onset, progression, and prevention of xerostomia-related dental caries. PMID- 3214851 TI - In vivo comparison of caries inhibition by a plaque mineral enriching mouthrinse and a fluoride dentifrice. AB - Six subjects wore lower-arch intra-oral appliances supporting plaque-covered enamel units in the left and right buccal sulci. Units on both sides received identical cariogenic challenges by intermittent immersion in 0.28 M glucose. When one side was treated, in addition, with a mouthrinse designed to enrich plaque with Ca, P, and F, there was a 76% reduction in the softening and a 96% reduction in the porosity, created in enamel by the glucose exposures. F dentifrice extract, used similarly, caused a 67% reduction in enamel softening and a 93% reduction in porosity. When the two treatments were compared in the same experiment, the mouthrinse had a significantly greater effect in limiting enamel softening, but the porosity measurement technique was not sensitive enough to confirm this finding. Use of the mouthrinse caused variable deposition of fluorhydroxyapatite in plaque, and scanning electron microscopy examination of enamel showed small adherent hard deposits in some subjects. The polished enamel surface enabled backscattered electron imaging which revealed preferential dissolution of the core and tail regions of the prism. The results suggest that plaque mineral enrichment may be even more effective than F dentifrice in preventing dental caries. PMID- 3214852 TI - Effect of a combination of copper and hexetidine on the acidogenicity and copper accumulation in dental plaque in vivo. AB - A double-blind crossover study on 4 adult volunteers was performed to evaluate the effect of hexetidine on Cu2+ accumulation in dental plaque as well as a possible enhanced effect of copper on inhibition of acid production in the presence of hexetidine. The experimental period was 5 days. No oral hygiene was allowed, and sucrose-containing chewing gum was used to enhance plaque formation during the test period. In order to evaluate the effect on pH, the test persons rinsed with a 15% glucose (w/v) solution on the 5th experimental day. Plaque pH values recorded before and 5 min after the rinse served as control values. One hour later the test persons rinsed with 10 ml of the test solutions for 1 min. Glucose rinses with pH measurements 5 min after the rinse were carried out 0, 3, and 7 h after the test agents were used. The combination of 1.0 mM copper and 2.0 mM hexetidine gave a significant (p less than 0.05) inhibition of acid production at all times compared both to the controls and to each of the test agents separately. Plaque samples were collected with a toothpick immediately before a 1 min rinse with 10 ml of the test solutions. Subsequent plaque samples were taken 5 min and 3 and 8 h after a rinse from corresponding tooth surfaces. Dry weight was estimated, the plaque bacteria digested by HNO3, and the amount of Cu2+ determined by atomic absorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3214854 TI - CDS goes after AIDS data. PMID- 3214853 TI - Effect of Lycasin upon plaque pH when taken as a syrup or as a boiled sweet. PMID- 3214855 TI - One year later, dental benefits plans take on a new meaning. PMID- 3214857 TI - Young dentists make it known: their needs are special. PMID- 3214856 TI - An expert's perspective on managed health care and dentistry. PMID- 3214858 TI - New advances in chairside lasers. PMID- 3214859 TI - Protect yourself with the best defense: accurate recordkeeping. PMID- 3214860 TI - Terminating the doctor-patient relationship: how to have a graceful exit. PMID- 3214861 TI - Employer review. PMID- 3214862 TI - In the play-by-play of treatment, make sure you outline the game plan. PMID- 3214863 TI - The year's plans unfold as we become 'united through knowledge'. PMID- 3214864 TI - Cryotherapy of herpes labialis. PMID- 3214865 TI - [Thoughts on gynecology and obstetrics in Slovakia]. PMID- 3214866 TI - [Microsurgical therapy of post-inflammatory tubal sterility]. PMID- 3214868 TI - [The effect of oxytocin, prostaglandin F2 alpha and their combined administration on labor activity]. PMID- 3214869 TI - [Critical burn trauma in pregnancy]. PMID- 3214870 TI - [Diagnostic reliability of directed biopsy in the diseased uterine cervix]. PMID- 3214867 TI - [Changes in phenylalanine tolerance during the monitoring of diet therapy of pregnant women with phenylketonuria]. PMID- 3214871 TI - [A non-traditional approach to deep venous thrombosis complicated by pulmonary embolism and shock]. PMID- 3214873 TI - [Additional experience with the treatment of endometriosis using gestrinone]. PMID- 3214872 TI - [The isochromosome of the long arm of chromosome X as a cause of sterility in women]. PMID- 3214874 TI - [Prophylactic administration of antibiotics in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 3214875 TI - [Ketoconazole in the treatment of hirsutism]. PMID- 3214876 TI - [The number of neonates treated with exchange transfusion in Prague and in the Central Bohemia Region in the last 20 years]. PMID- 3214877 TI - [Personal experience with the organization of preventive gynecologic examinations in girls in the 8th grade in elementary schools]. PMID- 3214879 TI - [Summary of the results of a study of heredity of intelligence in a sample of the Czechoslovak population. II. Longitudinal and genealogical studies of twins and their families]. PMID- 3214878 TI - Nucleotide base sequence of the mitochondrial COIII gene of Schizophyllum commune. AB - The cytochrome oxidase subunit III gene (COIII) of the Badidiomycete S. commune has been identified, cloned, and sequenced. The gene contains no introns, is AT rich (69%) and exhibits a high degree of similarity to sequences from Ascomycetes. While most mitochondrial genes use both TGA and TGG to specify tryptophan, the COIII gene of Schizophyllum uses TGG exclusively. Translation requires no deviation from the universal code. PMID- 3214880 TI - [Hastening the onset of the effect of antidepressive agents during the use of 3 different time periods of exposure to intensive white light]. PMID- 3214881 TI - [Incidence of psychopathologic symptoms in patients with psychogenic disorders of food consumption]. PMID- 3214882 TI - [Runaway patients from the psychiatric hospital in Havlickuv Brod 1983-1986]. PMID- 3214883 TI - [Glossodynia in psychiatric practice]. PMID- 3214884 TI - [The importance and possibilities of early diagnosis of dementia in the aged]. PMID- 3214885 TI - Phosphodiester cleavage in apurinic dinucleotides. AB - Apurinic sites were introduced to dGpdG, dGpdT, dTpdG and pdGpdG by HCl hydrolysis and the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond was measured in the monobase dinucleotides by HPLC. The half-lives of apdG and apdT (a = apurinic nucleotide) were 30 min and the half-life of papdG was 21 min in 66 mM Tris (pH 7.4) and 100 degrees C. The half-lives of dGpa and dTpa were 228 and 408 min, respectively. In these compounds the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond was not the main reaction pathway as little 3'-dGMP and 3'-TMP was isolated. The half life of dGpa was similar to that of dGMP indicating that both compounds break down primarily by depurination. The results show that the phosphodiester bond is cleaved predominantly at the 3' side of the apurinic sugar. Sodium hydroxide and piperidine increased the rate of chain cleavage. PMID- 3214886 TI - Induction of cytosolic and microsomal epoxide hydrolases in mouse liver by peroxisome proliferators, with special emphasis on structural analogues of 2 ethylhexanoic acid. AB - Using dietary administration, mice were exposed to eight substances known to cause peroxisome proliferation (i.e. clofibrate clofibric acid, 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, nafenopin, ICI 55.897, S-8527 and Wy-14.643) or the related substance p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (group A). Other animals received di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, mono(2 ethylhexyl)phthalate, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, or one of 12 other metabolically and/or structurally related compounds (group B). The effects of these treatments on liver cytosolic and microsomal epoxide hydrolases, microsomal cytochrome P 450, cytosolic glutathione transferase activity, the liver-somatic index and the protein contents of the microsomal and cytosolic fractions prepared from liver were subsequently monitored. In general, peroxisome proliferation was accompanied by increases in cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity. Many peroxisome proliferators also caused increases in microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity, although the correlation was poorer in this case. Immunochemical quantitation by radial immunodiffusion demonstrated that the increases observed in both of these enzyme activities reflected equivalent increases in enzyme protein, i.e. that induction truly occurred. Induction of total microsomal cytochrome P-450 was obtained after dietary exposure to clofibrate, clofibric acid, 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, nafenopin, Wy 14.643, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate. The most pronounced effects on cytosolic glutathione transferase activity were the decreases obtained after treatment with clofibrate, clofibric acid and Wy-14.643. Our results, together with those reported by others, suggest that the processes of peroxisome proliferation and induction of cytosolic epoxide hydrolase are intimately related. One possible explanation for this is presented. PMID- 3214887 TI - Liver DNA alkylation after a single carcinogenic dose of dimethylnitrosamine to newborn and adult CFW Swiss mice. AB - N-nitrosodimethylamine N-demethylase activity, DNA alkylation, capacity for O6 methylguanine repair and cell proliferation were measured in livers of newborn and adult CFW mice after a single carcinogenic dose of DMNA. DNA alkylation was found in newborn and adult mouse livers but it was significantly higher in the newborn. 6- and 7-methyl substitutions of guanine were identified by HPLC analysis in newborn and in adult mouse livers. Metabolic 14C incorporation into adenine and guanine was observed only in liver DNA of newborns. O6-methylguanine levels were higher in newborn than adult mice after a single i.p. dose of [14C]DNMA. Liver DNA repair capacity measured as O6-meG-DNA methyltransferase was higher in adults than in newborns. De novo liver DNA synthesis was more inhibited by DMNA pretreatment in newborn than in adult mice. The relationship between these parameters and the greater neonatal liver tumor susceptibility is discussed. PMID- 3214888 TI - Reductive addition of glutathione to p-benzoquinone, 2-hydroxy-p-benzoquinone, and p-benzoquinone epoxides. Effect of the hydroxy- and glutathionyl substituents on p-benzohydroquinone autoxidation. AB - The reductive addition of GSH to p-benzoquinones, 2-hydroxy-p-benzoquinone, and 2,3-epoxy-p-benzoquinones with different degree of methyl substitution was studied in terms of absorption spectral changes and autoxidation reactions. The nucleophilic addition of GSH to p-benzoquinone yields a glutathionyl-p benzohydroquinone product with maximal absorption at lambda 303nm. This compound autoxidizes slowly--but at a rate 8-fold higher than the parent hydroquinone--to glutathionyl-p-benzoquinone, which reveals maximal absorption at lambda 367 nm. The autoxidation of the glutathionyl derivative is accompanied by O2 consumption and H2O2 formation. The nucleophilic addition of GSH to either 2-hydroxy-p benzoquinone or 2,3-epoxy-p-benzoquinone yields the same primary molecular product, 2-hydroxy-5-glutathionyl-p-benzohydroquinone, a compound that shows maximal absorption at lambda 300 nm and autoxidizes at rates substantially higher (44-fold) than the parent glutathionyl hydroquinone lacking a -OH substituent. The autoxidation product, 2-hydroxy-5-glutathionyl-p-benzoquinone, reveals maximal absorbance at lambda 343 nm as well as a resolved absorption band at longer wavelengths (lambda 520 nm), the latter contributed by the -OH substituent. The glutathionyl substituent exerted only minor changes in the reduction potential of the quinones, whereas the -OH substituent lowered significantly the half-wave reduction potential, as measured in aqueous solutions. The rate of autoxidation was markedly enhanced by both substituents as follows: hydroxy-glutathionyl-p-benzohydroquinone much greater than hydroxy-p benzohydroquinone much greater than glutathionyl-p-benzohydroquinone greater than p-benzohydroquinone. Superoxide dismutase enhanced the rate of autoxidation of p benzohydroquinone and its glutathionyl adduct, whereas it inhibited autoxidation of the hydroxy derivatives with or without glutathionyl substitution. The biochemical significance of these results is discussed in terms of the pro oxidant character of the reductive addition of GSH to p-benzoquinones, alpha hydroxyquinones, and quinone epoxides. PMID- 3214890 TI - [Eye injuries caused by lead shot or hunting shot. Apropos of 38 cases]. PMID- 3214889 TI - [Acute occlusion of a short posterior ciliary artery. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3214891 TI - [Compressive optic neuropathy and dysthyroidal ophthalmopathy. Therapeutic approach]. PMID- 3214892 TI - [Retinal fat embolism after excision of an ameloblastoma of the mandible]. PMID- 3214893 TI - [Cysticercosis. Travellers' and migrants' disease]. PMID- 3214894 TI - [Diagnostic problems posed by limbic carcinoma]. PMID- 3214895 TI - [A case of spontaneous corneal perforation in De Andrade's Portuguese amyloidosis]. PMID- 3214896 TI - [Use of a new type of implant for enucleation and evisceration]. PMID- 3214897 TI - [Endocapsular phacoemulsification by the pars plana. Technic and indications]. PMID- 3214898 TI - [Multiple cancers. Apropos of a case with triple localization, one of which was in the eye]. PMID- 3214899 TI - [Review of indications for posterior vitrectomy: apropos of 468 cases]. PMID- 3214900 TI - [Neglected perforating injury of the posterior segment with involvement of the vitreous body]. PMID- 3214901 TI - [Terson's syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 3214902 TI - [Fibrinogen glue in ophthalmology. Its use in corneal ulcers]. PMID- 3214903 TI - [Nystagmus with double neutral zone and double torticollis. Value of artificial divergence surgery]. PMID- 3214904 TI - [Ophthalmological manifestations of progressive facial hemiatrophy or Parry Romberg syndrome: apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 3214905 TI - [Treatment of ocular hypertonia with ultrasonics (Sonocare): principles and application]. PMID- 3214906 TI - [Treatment of ocular hypertension with ultrasonics (Sonocare). Preliminary results]. PMID- 3214907 TI - [Visual acuity charts printed in gray]. PMID- 3214908 TI - [Ocular accidents caused by explosion of the so-called maintenance-free batteries]. PMID- 3214909 TI - [Spasm of the central retinal artery during ablation of Jaffe's epiretinal membranes]. PMID- 3214910 TI - [Radial keratotomies: localizing the visual axis with a perfectly coaxial glass fiber]. PMID- 3214911 TI - [Endothelial cellular density after radial keratotomy]. PMID- 3214912 TI - [The necessity and difficulties in taking into account near visual acuity for evaluating visual incapacity in medicolegal expertise]. PMID- 3214913 TI - [Influence of the date of vitrectomy on the prognosis of traumatic vitreous hemorrhage. Study of 100 cases]. PMID- 3214914 TI - [Choice and surgical strategy in case of so-called concomitant strabismus (conference)]. PMID- 3214915 TI - [Review of Russian articles on refractive surgery]. PMID- 3214917 TI - [Endothelial viability of the human cornea preserved at +37 degrees centigrade]. PMID- 3214916 TI - [Endothelium and radial keratotomy]. PMID- 3214918 TI - [Manipulation of conjunctival grafts: the cardboard method]. PMID- 3214919 TI - [Achromic melanoma of the limbus (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 3214920 TI - [A case of sarcoidosis manifested by acute uveitis]. PMID- 3214921 TI - [Acute occlusion of the choriocapillaris arteriole in primary pulmonary arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3214922 TI - [The role of contact lenses in the correction of aphakia]. PMID- 3214924 TI - [Triangular syndromes symptomatic of Horton's disease]. PMID- 3214923 TI - [Scanning of the intraocular implants exposed to impacts of pulsed neodymium YAG laser]. PMID- 3214925 TI - [The optic papilla. Morphological aspects (seen in 300 angiographies)]. PMID- 3214926 TI - [The role of convergence excess and nystagmus in esodeviations]. PMID- 3214927 TI - [Spectrum analysis of occipital EEG during visual evoked potential in multiple sclerosis (preliminary results)]. PMID- 3214928 TI - [The role of the eye examination in the development of congenital hydrocephalus]. PMID- 3214930 TI - Long-term observation following traumatic-hemorrhagic shock in the dog: a comparison of crystalloidal vs. colloidal fluids. AB - The effect of volume replacement with crystalloidal and colloidal solutions was analyzed in 40 anesthetized Foxhounds subjected to a standardized traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Following trauma and hypotension (MAP 40 mmHg; 3.0 +/- 0.5 hr) the animals were randomized to treatment with autologous blood and hydroxyethyl starch 6% (HES 450/0.7), or human serum albumin 5% (ALB), dextran-60 6% (DX), Ringer's lactate (RL), and hyperosmolar saline 1.3% (HS), respectively. While analgesia and sedation were maintained, the hemodynamic measurements were continued for a 24-hr period. Crystalloids and colloids were found equally effective in maintaining the macrohemodynamics following resuscitation from traumatic-hemorrhagic shock. To keep central hemodynamics at pre-shock level required at least four times higher volumes of crystalloids than colloids. No specific advantage for one of the substitutes tested was found with regard to accumulation of water in the lung during the first 24 hr following shock in dogs. Extravascular lung water (thermo-dye) and organ water (gravimetry) were not different between the groups. However, fluid loss into the abdominal cavity as well as albumin extravasation into lung interstitium and abdominal cavity were more pronounced in the crystalloid-treated animals, whereas albumin redelivery by the lymph was decreased. The deterioration of tissue oxygen extractions as well as the changes in acid-base balance in both crystalloid-treated groups reflect the persistent microcirculatory inhomogeneity in spite of normal macrohemodynamics. PMID- 3214929 TI - Metabolic and ionic changes in muscle during hemorrhagic shock. AB - We have employed concurrent noninvasive 31P and 23Na NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with the paramagnetic shift reagent dysprosium triethylenetetramine hexaacetic acid to observe the intracellular sodium and phosphorus signals in rat leg muscle. Male Wistar rats were bled to a mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mm Hg and were maintained at that pressure. Until decompensatory shock was reached, no increase in intracellular sodium (Nai) was found. Although the high energy storage metabolite phosphocreatine fell with time during shock, ATP did not decrease until decompensation. When the phosphorylation ratio, PR = [ATP]/[ADP][Pi], fell below log(PR) = 3.21 +/- .42, Nai increase commenced at a rate of 7.97 +/- 0.60 meq/l/hr. This corresponds to a two-fold increase in Na permeability compared to normal muscle. A calculation of the free energy available from hydrolysis of ATP at the above value of PR yields -11.7 kcal/mol which is essentially equal to the value of 11.8 kcal/mol which we calculate is needed to run the Na+-K+ antiport through one cycle under normal physiologic conditions. PMID- 3214931 TI - Influence of hemorrhagic shock on hepatic energy metabolism in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic rats. AB - The influence of hemorrhagic shock on hepatic energy metabolism was investigated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhotic rat. In normal and CCl4-treated rats, the hepatic mitochondrial redox state and phosphorylative activity decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) following hemorrhagic shock, with mean arterial blood pressure at 30 mmHg. In normal rats, they were immediately restored upon reinfusion of shed blood after 2 hr of hemorrhagic shock, followed by marked enhancement 120 min later. By contrast, in cirrhotic rats redox state and phosphorylative activity in hepatic mitochondria did not recover immediately, and there was neither elevation of redox state nor enhancement of phosphorylative activity in hepatic mitochondria. The survival rate at 24 hr was 10% in contrast to 90% in normal rats. These results suggest that the absence of early recovery followed by enhancement of mitochondrial function in the cirrhotic liver is fundamentally related to the mechanism of hepatic failure following hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 3214932 TI - Response of femoral arteries to norepinephrine following endotoxicosis. AB - Relation between hypotension caused by endotoxin and the vascular response to norepinephrine was studied in rabbits following bolus injection of endotoxin (2 mg/kg). Seven rabbits were used as the nontreated, control animals (group I). Twelve endotoxin-shocked rabbits were divided into two groups from their hypotensive patterns: gradual hypotension group (group II, five animals) and immediate hypotension group (group III, seven animals). In group II, the mean arterial blood pressure decreased by less than 10% within 5 min after the administration of endotoxin, while the blood pressure immediately dropped over 40% in group III. No significant difference in blood pressure was observed between these two groups at 30, 60, and 240 min after the administration of endotoxin. Femoral arteries were resected from these animals 4 hr after the endotoxin treatment and were used to determine the vascular stiffness and contractile diameter response to 10(-5) M of norepinephrine. The diameter response was not significantly different at each pressure between 0 and 200 mm Hg between groups I and II or between groups I and III. However, the diameter response in the pressure range between 20 and 110 mm Hg was significantly higher in group III than in group II. The maximum diameter response was also significantly higher in group III than in group II. However, there was no significant difference in the wall stiffness between these two groups. These data show that the hypotensive response to endotoxin might be related to the vascular contractile response to norepinephrine. PMID- 3214934 TI - Food, clothing and a computer. PMID- 3214933 TI - Adrenal and intestinal secretion of catecholamines and neuropeptides during splanchnic artery occlusion shock. AB - Plasma levels of catecholamines and neuropeptides (met-enkephalin, ME; neurotensin, NT; neuropeptide Y, NPY; peptide YY, PYY; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIP; cholecystokinin, CCK; bombesin, BMB) were examined in the femoral artery (FA), adrenal vein (AD), and portal vein (PV), in eight cats under halothane anesthesia at baseline (S1), at the end of a 2-hr ligation period of the major splanchnic arteries (celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries) (S2), immediately (S3) and 30 min (S4) after splanchnic reperfusion, and after the administration of naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.v.) (S5). During S2, there was a significant increase in portal vein VIP levels, while the other variables (hemodynamics, hormone levels) remained unchanged. During early shock (S3), significant (10- to 30-fold) increases in adrenal secretion of all catecholamines, ME, NT, NPY, and PYY occurred, while VIP and PYY were significantly released into the PV, and two- to tenfold increases in femoral artery catecholamine and ME levels were observed. Later shock (S4) led to a further fivefold increase, compared to S3, in adrenal release of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and ME. Following naloxone administration (S5), the adrenal medullary release of NE, epinephrine (EPI), DA, NT, and NPY was significantly (twofold) increased; however, the animals' hemodynamic situation did not improve. PMID- 3214935 TI - Protect yourself and patients at chairside from cross-contamination. PMID- 3214936 TI - Adding the finishing touches. PMID- 3214938 TI - Smile brighteners. PMID- 3214937 TI - Happy, informed patients pave the road to success. PMID- 3214939 TI - Double your success. PMID- 3214940 TI - Abnormal pubertal development in primary hypothyroidism. AB - We have studied three patients (1M, 2F), age range 10.9 to 15.5 years, who had abnormal sexual maturation secondary to primary hypothyroidism. The boy had inappropriately large testes for his stage of puberty, the girls had isolated breast development and there was absence of pubertal growth acceleration. FSH, LH, TSH and GH secretion, pituitary imaging and ovarian ultrasound morphology were studied before and during thyroxine treatment. In the hypothyroid state, FSH levels were elevated with abnormal pulsatility and LH:FSH concentrations were reversed. PMID- 3214941 TI - Outcome following standardized 185 MBq dose 131I therapy for Graves' disease. AB - The clinical outcome of 199 patients with Graves' disease treated with standardized 185MBq 131I therapy doses has been analysed. Most patients were controlled with antithyroid drugs prior to the 131I therapy, and also received antithyroid drugs for several months following 131I. The median follow-up period was 5.5 years. The single 185MBq 131I dose successfully treated 72.4% of patients. The 1, 2 and 5 year hypothyroid figures were 15.5%, 19.3% and 27.3%, respectively. Previous thyroidectomy was associated with an increased hypothyroid rate. Retreatment was required by 25.6%, with 3.5% requiring more than two 131I doses. Discriminant analysis of pretreatment variables suggests that patients with large goitres or severe disease (serum T3 greater than 10nmol/l) should be treated with higher doses of 131I. PMID- 3214942 TI - Effects of thyroid hormones (T4,T3), bromocriptine and Triac on inappropriate TSH hypersecretion. AB - Inappropriate TSH hypersecretion was diagnosed in a 38-year-old woman (case 1) and in a 38-year-old man (case 2). Both of them had earlier been treated by ablative therapy for hyperthyroidism. The present diagnosis was based on elevated basal serum TSH levels despite elevated serum free thyroid hormone levels. Both of them had exaggerated TSH responses to TRH (peak value 240 mU/l in case 1 and 408 mU/l in case 2). Their albumin and prealbumin levels were normal. The serum TBG level was normal in case 1 but was elevated in case 2. Serum levels of alpha subunits of TSH, and pituitary CT scans were normal. Despite mild clinical hyperthyroidism, peripheral indices of thyroid hormone action were normal. They had also relatives with apparent resistance to thyroid hormones. In view of the possibility that prolonged pituitary thyrotrophic stimulation is detrimental, various therapeutic approaches to suppress TSH levels were tried. Both T3 and T4 treatments lowered serum TSH levels, but were poorly tolerated. Acute administration of L-dopa or bromocriptine reduced serum TSH levels, but this was not seen during long-term therapy. TRIAC treatment lowered serum TSH levels, and the drug was well tolerated. Serum TSH responses to TRH were not blunted during T3, T4 or TRIAC treatments. Somatostatin also reduced serum TSH levels, but did not potentiate the effect of low dose T3 therapy. Our results suggest that the patients had unbalanced pituitary and peripheral thyroid hormone resistance, predominantly at the pituitary level. Of the drugs studied, TRIAC seemed to be the most suitable therapy. PMID- 3214943 TI - Endogenous opioids inhibit oxytocin release during nicotine-stimulated secretion of vasopressin in man. AB - The effects of the opioid antagonist naloxone on the vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) responses to nicotine were studied in male non-smokers (21-30 years old). Either saline (n = 6) or naloxone (4 mg bolus + 6 mg/h, n = 6) was infused i.v. during the study. After 60 min infusion the subjects smoked one high nicotine content cigarette. Naloxone infusion for 60 min did not alter basal plasma AVP or OT levels. Smoking led to a significant rise in plasma vasopressin in both saline and naloxone-infused subjects (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the plasma AVP response to smoking between the two groups. Saline-infused subjects did not show any change in plasma OT in response to smoking. Naloxone infusion was associated with a significant rise in OT from 1.3 +/- 0.1 pmol/l to 4.3 +/- 2.4 pmol/l 5 min after smoking (P less than 0.05). We conclude that there is endogenous opioid-mediated inhibition of OT which prevents its release when AVP is secreted in response to nicotine in man. PMID- 3214944 TI - A study on the feasibility of suppressing ovarian activity following the end of postpartum amenorrhoea by increasing the frequency of suckling. AB - The aim of the study was to test the effect of increasing the frequency of breastfeeding upon ovarian function following the end of postpartum amenorrhoea. Women exclusively breastfeeding (n = 14) who experienced their first postpartum menstruation between the third and fifth month after delivery were randomly allocated to an experimental (n = 7) and a control (n = 7) group and studied during the next two cycles. Women in the experimental group agreed to increase the number of breastfeeding episodes per day throughout the second cycle. Blood samples were drawn twice a week from the first to the third postpartum menstruation for prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone determinations. The number of breastfeeding episodes per day and night and the length of each episode were recorded daily. An average frequency of 11 nursing episodes per 24 h was reported during the first study cycle in both groups. The experimental group increased by 50% the breastfeeding frequency after the second menstruation while the control group kept its spontaneous feeding pattern. The increase of suckling frequency occurred mainly during day hours. The total breastfeeding time per 24 h was not increased. The length of the menstrual cycle was not altered by the increased suckling frequency. The endocrine pattern differed neither between the first and second cycle of the experimental group nor between the experimental and control group, with the exception of PRL levels which were higher in the experimental group throughout both cycles. Twenty cycles (71%) showed progesterone values compatible with ovulation (greater than 9.5 nmol/l). The highest progesterone values and the highest oestradiol values observed in the ovulatory cycles of lactating women were within the range found in non-nursing fertile women. Plasma levels of PRL were significantly elevated in all cycles but one, in comparison with PRL levels in non-nursing women. It is concluded that if cyclic ovarian function is reestablished early in fully nursing women, a mere increase in the number of breastfeeding episodes, without augmenting total suckling time and the frequency of nocturnal episodes, does not provide a sufficient stimulus to resuppress the pituitary-ovarian axis. PMID- 3214946 TI - Continuous subcutaneous growth hormone releasing factor analogue augments growth hormone secretion in normal male subjects with no desensitization of the somatotroph. AB - The effects of 8 day continuous subcutaneous (s.c.) infusions of growth hormone releasing hormone analogue (NLE27GRF(1-29)NH2 (GHRH.A)) on growth hormone (GH) secretion were studied in 14 normal adult male volunteers. GHRH.A was administered in doses which ranged from 7.5 to 120 ng/kg/min in doubling steps. Baseline GH profiles obtained during a 24 h infusion of normal saline in each subject were compared with profiles performed on days 1 and 8 of the infusion. Doses above 30 ng/kg/min augmented GH pulse amplitude and frequency. Doses of 60 ng/kg/min and 120 ng/kg/min appeared more satisfactory as these represented doses on the upwards slope of the dose response curve. However, at a dose of 120 ng/kg/min the GH secretion did not return to baseline for 12 of the 24 h. There was no evidence of desensitization or of depletion of the releasable GH pool with any dose. The possibility of treatment of short children with depot preparations of GHRH.A appears promising. PMID- 3214945 TI - Peripheral antiglucocorticoid action of RU 486 in man. AB - In order to evaluate the peripheral antiglucocorticoid activity of RU 486 in man we examined its ability to antagonize the effects of acutely administered glucocorticoids on blood leukocyte counts. The study was performed on eight normal male subjects. They were given 400 mg RU 486 (or placebo) orally at 0730 h and 1 mg dexamethasone (or placebo) orally at 0830 h, using a double-blind, cross over, latin-square design with a one week interval between each of the four different treatments. Circulating eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were counted at 0730 h and 1330 h, and their variations (1330 h counts/0730 h counts x 100) were compared under each treatment. For each cell type, dexamethasone induced variations (eosinophil and lymphocyte drop, neutrophil rise) which were significantly (P less than 0.05) different from those under the three other treatments; these latter treatments (placebo, RU 486, and RU 486 + dexamethasone) were equivalent to each other, inducing no variations of leucocyte counts. These data show that RU 486 inhibits dexamethasone induced leukocyte changes; this simple test provides a useful means to further analyse the peripheral antiglucocorticoid activity of RU 486 in man. PMID- 3214947 TI - The relationship between the response to growth hormone therapy and pre-treatment growth hormone secretory status. AB - In 35 children (22 M, 13 F) aged between 5.3 years and 10.3 years who received Somatrem therapy for 1 year there was a curvi-linear relationship between pretreatment GH sensory status (x) and response (y) (change in height velocity standard deviation score (SDS)) to therapy described by the equation y = A + B (e Cx). A, B and C are constants. Dose of GH administered was found to be an important additional factor in determining response to therapy. This was confirmed by stepwise multiple regression which resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.74. These data suggest that in the assessment of response to GH therapy, pretreatment height velocity and/or GH secretory status as well as dose and frequency of GH administration need to be taken into account. PMID- 3214948 TI - Cytogenetic abnormalities in dyskeratosis congenita--report of five cases. PMID- 3214949 TI - Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) and adenocarcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 3214950 TI - Sudoriferous hamartoma. PMID- 3214951 TI - Pseudo-mycotic nail dystrophy and vitiligo. PMID- 3214952 TI - Atrophic annular panniculitis of the ankles. PMID- 3214953 TI - A premenstrual urticarial eruption treated with bilateral oophorectomy and hysterectomy. PMID- 3214954 TI - Treatment of tuberose xanthomata with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. PMID- 3214955 TI - Methotrexate-induced impairment of taste acuity. PMID- 3214956 TI - Sweet's syndrome associated with IgG paraproteinaemia. PMID- 3214957 TI - Enzymatic quantification of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in normal and psoriatic skin following standardized injury. PMID- 3214958 TI - Lack of additive effect of coal tar combined with dithranol for psoriasis. PMID- 3214959 TI - A hypothesis on the cause of chronic epidermal hyperproliferation in asebia mice. PMID- 3214960 TI - Skin and bone necrosis following ecthyma gangrenosum in acute leukaemia--report of three cases. PMID- 3214961 TI - Contact sensitivity in community-based leg ulcer patients. PMID- 3214962 TI - Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita--a report of two cases occurring in male children. PMID- 3214963 TI - Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis: long-term follow-up in 139 cases. AB - The clinical course of 139 patients (77 male, 62 female) with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis is reviewed. The median duration of follow-up was 52 months; 45% and 25% were followed for more than 5 and 10 years respectively. The median age at presentation was 36. Fifty-four percent of patients had the nephrotic syndrome at presentation. Half of the patients were treated at some stage with cyclophosphamide or corticosteroids. During the course of follow-up some deterioration in renal function occurred in only 20% of patients. The patients who suffered deterioration in renal function were mainly male and had significantly worse renal function and a higher incidence of the nephrotic syndrome than the other patients at presentation. Only 7 male patients (5%) developed terminal renal failure during follow-up and one female presented in terminal renal failure. Survival was 88% and 81% at 5 and 10 years. The median predicted (or actual) time for development of terminal renal failure in patients with progressive deterioration was 7.3 years. These data are in accord with other recently published series which have described a relatively benign prognosis for idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3214964 TI - The clinical significance of IgA rheumatoid factor in idiopathic IgA mesangial nephropathy (Berger's disease). AB - IgA rheumatoid factor, IgA and IgG immune complexes were measured in 119 patients with IgA nephropathy. IgA rheumatoid factor was detected in 62/119 (52%) patients and in 92/265 (35%) serum samples. There was a good correlation (p less than 0.001) between the presence of IgA rheumatoid factor and the presence as well as levels of IgG immune complexes, but not between levels of IgA rheumatoid factor and other clinical or immunological parameters. However, higher levels of serum IgA were found in the subgroup of patients with constantly positive IgA rheumatoid factor. Using aggregated human IgG, we could not demonstrate antiglobulin activity in renal biopsy specimens from 36 patients. These results suggest that IgA rheumatoid factor does not play a primary role in renal damage in IgA nephropathy, but could simply reflect a response to IgG immune complexes in a disorder characterized by abnormalities of IgA production. Nevertheless, the presence of circulating IgA rheumatoid factor in a substantial proportion of patients, especially in those with features of polyclonal IgA activation, provides additional evidence for a general perturbation of IgA metabolism in this disease and could represent an antigen-specific system with which to study regulation of IgA synthesis. PMID- 3214965 TI - Transperitoneal movement and pharmacokinetics of cefotiam and cefsulodin in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - The kinetics of cefotiam and cefsulodin were studied in plasma and dialysate after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of 1 g to patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Instillation of autologous hemoglobin as a marker permitted calculation of the cavity volume and, hence, the rate of transfer to and from the peritoneal cavity with time. The patients were divided into 4 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were intravenously given cefotiam (5 patients) and cefsulodin (4 patients), respectively. Groups 3 and 4 (5 patients each) were given cefsulodin intraperitoneally. Group 3 did not have peritonitis, while the patients in Group 4 were studied during peritonitis. Blood and dialysate samples were obtained at selected times during the 5-hour dwell and, for plasma, until 24 hours after drug administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data showed that only 6.0 and 8.7% of the intravenous doses of cefotiam and cefsulodin, respectively, were recovered in the dialysate at the end of the dwell. The net amounts of cefsulodin lost from the dialysate after intraperitoneal administration were 81 and 84%, in Groups 3 and 4 respectively. The peritoneal transfer clearances (using a unidirectional clearance model), calculated after intravenous (17 +/- 10 ml/min, Group 2) and intraperitoneal (17 +/- 5 ml/min, Group 3) administrations were the same. Mass balance of cefsulodin in the body and in the dialysate after intraperitoneal administration indicated that a significant amount (40%, Group 3) of the dose is unaccounted for. One explanation for this imbalance is retention of the drug in the peritoneal lining. This hypothesis is supported by the retention being lower in the peritonitis patients (less than 20%, Group 4), for whom the linings are expected to be partially eroded. PMID- 3214966 TI - Hemolytic uremic syndrome: urate nephropathy superimposed on an acute glomerulopathy? An hypothesis. AB - The oligo-anuria of the hemolytic uremic syndrome is attributed to the presence of a renal lesion which is predominantly glomerulopathic but which may have a vasculopathic component of varying severity. Fourteen children, four of whom had anuric, four oliguric and six non oliguric acute renal failure were treated with intravenous fluids and high dose intravenous furosemide therapy. Polyuria was induced in all, obviating the need for dialysis. We hypothesize that oligo-anuria in this syndrome may be due to the previously recognized hyperuricemia causing a urate nephropathy superimposed on the glomerulopathy thus explaining its possible amenability to fluid and diuretic therapy. PMID- 3214968 TI - Pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide and its major metabolite, pyrazinoic acid, were assessed in 10 chronic uremic patients treated by maintenance hemodialysis in comparison with 10 normal subjects. All subjects ingested a single dose of 1 g of pyrazinamide, the patients receiving the drug immediately after the end of a dialysis session. Bioavailability of pyrazinamide was only slightly increased in patients, its dialysis extraction coefficient being 55.3%. In contrast, pyrazinoic acid has an elimination rate-dependent metabolism with a bioavailability markedly increased in patients and a dialysis extraction coefficient of 59.8%. These data may lead to recommendations of a reduction in the dosage of pyrazinamide in dialysis patients. However, administering the usual dosage of the drug at the end of each dialysis session seems preferable to the daily administration of a reduced dosage. PMID- 3214967 TI - Simplified quantification of urinary protein excretion in children. AB - The protein/creatinine ratio (Up/Uc) measured in 71 early morning urine samples (EMU) correlated closely with timed overnight urine (ONU) protein excretion rates (r = 0.96). The relationship was linear throughout the entire range of normal and abnormal protein excretion, an ONU rate of 1 mg/h/m2 body surface area being proportional to an EMU Up/Uc of 5 mg/mmol. Using the Coomassie Blue dye-binding method the upper limit of Up/Uc in 377 apparently healthy children and adolescents aged 3-19 years was shown to be 20 mg/mmol. Albumin/creatinine ratios (Ua/Uc) were also determined in the 377 healthy subjects, yielding a normal working upper limit of 3 mg/mmol. Although in normal individuals studied longitudinally the day-to-day variation of both Up/Uc and Ua/Uc was appreciable, all measurements remained within the cross-sectional normal range. While the determination of Ua/Uc has a role in the study of "microproteinuria", it is comparatively costly for routine use. The measurement of the EMU Up/Uc avoids errors and difficulties associated with timed urine collection, simplifies sample handling by the laboratory and is inexpensive. In clinical practice this is the method of choice for the quantification of proteinuria in patients with renal disease. PMID- 3214969 TI - Hypertension-related aggravation of Iga nephropathy: a statistical approach. AB - To evaluate the influence of hypertension on human glomerulonephritis, 200 biopsies from 74 patients with Iga nephropathy were examined. Chosen for this study were 28 hypertensive patients and 46 normotensive subjects during an observation period of 3.84 +/- 2.17 years, which extended from the first to the last biopsy. In a comprehensive analysis, the following findings were observed: Glomerular sclerosis was analyzed semiquantitatively and estimated as "glomerular index" (GI). Interstitial volume (IV) was determined by the point-counting method. Mesangial electron dense deposits (MDD) and arteriolar hyaline change (HC) were also analyzed semiquantitatively. Arterial fibroelastic intimal thickening was analyzed morphometrically and estimated as the luminal "occlusive rate" (OR). These morphological parameters including their serial changes were compared between the hypertensives and the normotensives. The serial changes in GI and IV from the first to the last biopsy were significantly greater in the hypertensives than in the normotensives. Both OR and HC, including their serial changes, were significantly higher in the hypertensive subjects. In the study of MDD and its serial changes, no difference was apparent between the two groups. In the study of OR and HC, there was no correlation observed with GI. Our observations show that hypertension accelerates the progression of both glomerular and vascular sclerosis in case of human glomerulonephritis and suggests that this acceleration cannot only be explained by ischemia-related factors resulting from vascular sclerosis. PMID- 3214970 TI - Exercise-induced microalbuminuria in diabetes is associated with the urinary excretion of cationic proteins. AB - Urinary protein components, highly cationic in nature (pI 10.9), with apparent molecular weights of 65 kD, 45 kD, and 28 kD were detected in type I diabetic patients before (2/7), during (4/7) and after (1/7) exercise. Based on the apparent isoelectric point and molecular weights, the urinary cationic components in the urines of type I diabetic patients were superimposable to purified cationic proteins derived from human platelets. Furthermore, they also shared common antigenic components as evidenced by the ability of a goat anti-human platelet-derived cationic protein serum to immunoprecipitate the 45 kD protein fraction. The latter induced vascular permeability when injected intradermally in the rabbit's skin. The occurrence of urinary cationic proteins was associated with the significant increase in albumin excretion rate (AER) in diabetic patients. No urinary cationic components were ever detected in the urines of 6 healthy subjects before, during, or after exercise. The possible pathogenetic relevance of the urinary excretion of cationic proteins in diabetic AER is discussed. PMID- 3214971 TI - Clinical effects of selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor in patients with nephrotic syndrome. AB - To determine if a selective thromboxane (TX)A2 synthetase inhibitor is clinically effective for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome, 11 patients with nephrotic syndrome were treated only with OKY-046, (E)-3-4-(1-imidazolylmethyl)phenyl-2 propenoic acid hydrochloride monohydrate, for at least 8 weeks. Urinary excretion of protein, TXB2, 2,3-dinor-TXB2, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase decreased with OKY-046. Creatinine clearance value, and urinary excretion of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), however, did not show any significant change, while serum albumin level increased. Two patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome showed complete remission only with OKY-046. These results demonstrate that the selective TXA2 synthetase inhibitor is an effective drug for the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis accompanied by nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3214973 TI - Use of calcium carbonate in dialysis patients with hypercalcemia. PMID- 3214972 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous cefuroxime during intermittent and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime were determined in ten patients during intermittent hemofiltration (IHF) and in three patients during continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH). All patients received a bolus dose of 1.5 g of cefuroxime intravenously and the concentrations of cefuroxime in serum and ultrafiltrate were followed during the hemofiltration period and up to 16 hours after injection of cefuroxime. During IHF the mean terminal half-life of cefuroxime was 1.6 +/- 0.3 hours compared with a terminal half-life of 21.7 +/- 5 hours after treatment. The total cefuroxime clearance was 120 +/- 22 ml/min. The hemofiltration clearance represented 86% of the total clearance and the hemofiltration process removed in average 63% of the dose. During CAVH the terminal half-life of cefuroxime was 7.9 +/- 2.2 hours. The total plasma clearance for cefuroxime was 32 +/- 7.5 ml/min where the CAVH-treatment represented only 34% of the total clearance. From these data we suggest that a full loading dose (1.5 g of cefuroxime) should be given after each intermittent hemofiltration treatment when performed every second day. In CAVH, where nonrenal clearance will influence the dosage scheme significantly, we suggest an initial dose of 1.5 g of cefuroxime to be followed by a supplementary dose of 750 mg every 20-24 h. PMID- 3214974 TI - Calcium- and phosphate provision of renal patients: nutrition--metabolism--drugs. Workshop. Freiberg, March 3-4, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3214975 TI - [Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus- investigation by multivariate analysis]. PMID- 3214976 TI - [A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung associated with muscular stiffness]. PMID- 3214977 TI - [Spinocerebellar degeneration with oculopalatal myoclonus: a study on palato ocular synchrony]. PMID- 3214978 TI - [A case of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy with chronic thyroiditis and anti extraocular muscle antibody]. PMID- 3214979 TI - [A case of Wegener's granulomatosis with aseptic meningitis]. PMID- 3214980 TI - [Parkinson's disease associated with trihexyphenidyl (THP) induced dysphonia plicae ventricularis]. PMID- 3214981 TI - [A disorder with low serum copper level, dementia, dysarthria, gait disturbance and involuntary movements]. PMID- 3214983 TI - [Two cases of acute rhabdomyolysis--pathogenesis, muscle biopsy, EMG, X-CT and MRI]. PMID- 3214982 TI - [31P-NMR studies of a case of type III glycogenosis]. PMID- 3214984 TI - [A case of recurrent Fisher's syndrome with abnormal neuro-otological findings]. PMID- 3214986 TI - [A case of central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome with a localized brain stem lesion identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. PMID- 3214985 TI - [Cerebral cortical vein thrombosis presenting with lobar hemorrhage in a patient with familial antithrombin III deficiency]. PMID- 3214987 TI - [Two-dimensional images of Bell's phenomenon in normal adults using methods of EOG technics connected with X-Y recorder]. PMID- 3214988 TI - [Adrenomyeloneuropathy associated with congenital cataract--report of a family with MRI study]. PMID- 3214989 TI - [Pathology of Clarke's nucleus in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 3214990 TI - [A new autonomic functional test using digital analysis of digital plethysmography]. PMID- 3214991 TI - [A case of infectious mononucleosis with meningoencephalitis which improved distinctly after the corticosteroid therapy]. PMID- 3214992 TI - Provisional fixed partial denture using the new visible light curing resin system. PMID- 3214993 TI - A clinical study in children: comparing the anticaries effect of three fluoride dentifrices. PMID- 3214995 TI - Electric or manual toothbrush? A comparison of the effects on the oral health of mentally handicapped adults. PMID- 3214994 TI - Sealant application frequency. PMID- 3214996 TI - The effect of variations in toothbrush design on dental plaque scores. PMID- 3214997 TI - Attracting the best and the brightest. PMID- 3214998 TI - LLU dental students: ready for tomorrow? PMID- 3214999 TI - Alumni with a mission. PMID- 3215000 TI - Rhythmic alternation and lexical stress differences in English. PMID- 3215001 TI - Does reading develop in a sequence of stages? PMID- 3215002 TI - Interaction with context during human sentence processing. PMID- 3215003 TI - Young children's reasoning about beliefs. PMID- 3215005 TI - UV spectroscopic characterization of type I collagen. AB - The near UV absorption of type I collagen can be used to measure its tyrosine content and, therefore, the integrity of the nonhelical telopeptides. The far UV absorption of the protein can be used to determine its concentration and to monitor its thermal denaturation. The concentration, when determined along with low speed centrifugation to precipitate collagen fibrils, allows monitoring of the in vitro assembly of collagen fibrils. These methods are examined in detail and compared with other available techniques in terms of the advantages, drawbacks, and pitfalls in their usages. PMID- 3215004 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of dermatan sulfate proteoglycans from human post-burn scar tissues. AB - Dermatan sulfate (DS) proteoglycans (PGs) were extracted from human post-burn scar (Sc) tissues with 4M guanidinium chloride and isolated from the extracts by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and by differential ethanol precipitation. The DS.PGs were further purified by Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The average molecular weight (Mr) of hypertrophic scar (HSc) tissue DS.PGs was 39,000 based on sedimentation equilibrium measurements. Alkaline borohydride treatment of DS.PGs liberated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains and the presence of xylitol indicated that these chains were attached to protein core by xylosyl residues. The average Mr of the DS.GAG chain from HSc and normal scar (NSc) samples were 23,500 and 20,000 respectively. After digestion of the HSc and NSc, DS.PGs with chondroitinase ABC in the presence of proteinase inhibitors, two peptide components with Mr values of 21,500 and 17,000 were detected by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using reducing conditions. Analysis of the protein core fractions derived from NSc and HSc DS.PGs by Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography showed the presence of a single NH2-terminal amino acid (aspartic acid) and also that the fractions with different KAV values had an identical NH2 terminal sequence (A1-A5). The A1-A23 sequence of NSc DS.PG (major fraction, C): NH2Asp-Glu-Ala-O-Gly-Ile-Gly-Pro-Glu-Val-Pro-Asp-Asp-Arg-Asp-Phe-G lu-Pro- Ser Leu-Gly-Pro-Val was the same as reported for a DS.PG isolated from human fetal membrane (HFM) tissue (Brennan et al., 1984). ELISA inhibition assay using monoclonal antibodies raised in rabbit against the NH2-terminal peptide (containing 15 amino acids) of human fetal membrane tissue were found to cross react with HSc and NSc DS.PGs. Monoclonal antibodies to bovine skin DS.PGs protein core (Pearson et al., 1983) did not show any cross-reactivity with scar DS.PGs. These results show that the scar DS.PGs described here are different from normal bovine skin DS.PGs in the size and type of the protein core, and that in all the samples, the peptide components have the same NH2-terminal amino acid sequence. PMID- 3215006 TI - Autoradiographic studies of the renal clearance of circulating type I collagen fragments in the rat. AB - Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptides of [3H]-labelled type I collagen isolated from young rat skin were injected into adult rats via the tail vein. After 1, 5 and 10 minutes, the fate of the circulating radioactive peptides was investigated by measurement of the tissue distribution of radioactivity. Rapid removal of peptides from the circulation and their concomitant accumulation in the kidney proximal tubule epithelia was confirmed by autoradiography of kidney sections at the light microscope level. Immunopositive material was also identified and localized in proximal tubules using antibodies directed against denatured type I collagen chains and their CNBr degradation products. Ultrastructural autoradiography indicated that rapid removal of collagen peptides from the glomerular filtrate occurs via the brush border, apical vacuoles, and lysosomes. PMID- 3215007 TI - Types I and IV procollagen gene expression in cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - The molecular mechanism involved in the expression of collagens by hepatocytes were investigated in both pure and co-culture with another rat liver epithelial cell type (RLEC). We measured the steady-state levels of mRNAs coding for pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 1(IV) chains by Northern analysis and by dot blotting, using specific recombinant cDNA probes. In freshly isolated hepatocytes, only small amounts of pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 1(IV) mRNAs were detected by dot blot analysis. After 3 days in culture, the pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 1(IV) mRNA levels increased 2 to 5 times. The amount of pro alpha 1(IV) mRNAs was identical in hepatocyte cultured with RLECs while the pro alpha 1(I) mRNA level was 5 times that in pure hepatocyte culture. Hydrocortisone reduced pro alpha 1(I) mRNA in hepatocyte cultures, but had no effect on co-cultured cells. In both culture systems, this glucocorticoid did not act on the steady-state pro alpha 1(IV) mRNA level. Whatever the age and the type of culture (pure or mixed) RLECs exhibited the highest levels of pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 1(IV) mRNAs, which were reduced by hydrocortisone. These results show that procollagen gene expression by hepatocytes is not directly correlated with their functional state and that corticosteroids differently affect the expression of different collagen genes and collagen deposition. PMID- 3215008 TI - Aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen is cleared from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis in liver endothelial cells. AB - Intravenously administered [125I]-labelled bovine aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen ([125I]-BPIIINP) had a half-life in blood of about 2 minutes. Low molecular weight degradation products appeared in the circulation about 5 minutes after injection. BPIIINP coupled to [125I]-labelled tyramine cellobiose ([125I]-TC-BPIIINP) was administered intravenously to determine the cellular site of uptake. TC is non-degradable and is therefore accumulated intralysosomally. With this ligand I could show that PIIINP is taken up mainly by the liver endothelial cells (LEC), with very low uptake in other types of liver cells and at extrahepatic sites. Studies on binding and endocytosis of labelled PIIINP in cultures of purified populations of liver cells can be summarized as follows: 1) Uptake and degradation were observed mainly in LEC; 2) PIIINP associated with Kupffer and parenchymal cells, but degradation was very low; 3) Serum was not required for binding of PIIINP to LEC; 4) Binding was specific, that is, other ligands, such as collagen type III, hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, formaldehyde-treated albumin, and mannose, that are recognized by distinct receptors on LEC, did not compete with PIIINP for binding; 5) BPIIINP, TC-BPIIINP, and rat PIIINP (RPIIINP) were recognized with the same specificity by LEC; 6) BPIIINP bound to LEC with high affinity (dissociation constant = 1 nM), and about 4.2 x 10(5), 3.2 x 10(5), and 1.6 x 10(5) molecules of BPIIINP, TC PIIINP, and R-PIIINP, respectively were bound per cell; 7) PIIINP could not be degraded by conditioned medium from cultured Kupffer cells; 8) Leupeptin, which is a strong inhibitor of lysosomal collagenolysis, only weakly inhibited degradation of PIIINP; 9) Binding and endocytosis of PIIINP was not Ca++ dependent; 10) Agents that inhibit the endocytic machinery inhibited uptake and degradation of PIIINP. In conclusion, the present results suggest that PIIINP is rapidly eliminated from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis in LEC. PMID- 3215009 TI - Repeated tests of intermale aggression in mice (Mus musculus) are influenced by housing and test conditions. AB - Young adult male Binghamton Heterogenous (HET) mice were housed either individually or in groups of four, in two-tiered cages for 11 days before their agonistic behavior was observed. Pairs of male mice were tested 3 min each day for 9 consecutive days. Agonistic behavior was observed in two-tiered cages in which there were either clean pine shavings or shavings soiled by young adult female HET mice. Housing and shaving conditions interactively influenced aggression observed over the course of testing. That is, when individually housed mice were tested with clean shavings and when group-housed mice were tested with female-soiled shavings, agonistic behavior decreased over days, but when isolated mice were tested in soiled shavings and when group-housed mice were tested in clean shavings, aggression increased over the course of the 9-day test period. PMID- 3215010 TI - CER suppression, passive-avoidance learning, and stress-induced suppression of drinking in the Syracuse high- and low-avoidance strains of rats (Rattus norvegicus). AB - The Syracuse strains of Long-Evans rats were selectively bred for good (SHA) or poor (SLA) avoidance learning in a two-way shuttle box, which resulted in a phenotypic difference that is correlated with behavior patterns indicative of emotional reactivity, SLA animals showing evidence of greater emotional reactivity than SHA animals. The first three experiments examined conditioned suppression of bar pressing and compared paired and unpaired conditioned- and unconditioned-stimulus presentations to evaluate the influence of conditioning versus primary aversive stimulation on baseline responding. SLA animals acquired conditioned suppression faster than SHA animals and also showed greater suppression of baseline responding than SHA animals. In Experiment 4, SLA animals learned a passive-avoidance task faster than SHA animals. In Experiment 5, SLA animals showed greater stress-induced suppression of drinking a weak quinine solution than SHA animals. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that SLA animals are more emotionally reactive than SHA animals. PMID- 3215012 TI - Multivariate analysis of putative measures of activity, exploration, emotionality, and spatial behavior in the hooded rat (Rattus norvegicus). AB - Hooded rats were tested in six situations representing the variables of activity, exploration, emotionality, and spatial preference, detection of change, and learning. The activity, exploration, and emotionality variables and spatial variables were analyzed in separate multivariate analyses, followed by an analysis of the entire set. The first of these resulted in four components: activity, exploration and emotionality, reactivity to handling, and autonomic reactivity (defecation). Four components, defined by the following variables, emerged from the spatial analysis: (a) the tendency to circle, circling direction, and spatial learning; (b) heading error in spatial learning and reversal and open-field directional preference; (c) spatial reversal and direction of turn to escape restraint; and (d) detection of change in spatial arrangement and directional preference in the detection task. The final analysis investigated relations between the activity, exploration, and emotionality variables and the spatial variables, finding only two. The clear dimensionality of these behavioral repertoires emphasizes how important it is to recognize the distinctions among them. PMID- 3215011 TI - Running-wheel avoidance learning in rats (Rattus norvegicus): effects of contingencies and comparisons of different strains. AB - In Experiment 1, we showed that active- and passive-avoidance responding in a running wheel was learned because of the avoidance contingency. In Experiment 2, strain differences among four commercially bred rats were assessed in an active avoidance paradigm. Wistar, Donryu, and Fischer rats learned faster than Sprague Dawleys. In Experiment 3, learning in a multiple active/passive avoidance schedule was examined, and both components of this task were learned. This multiple schedule was used to investigate strain differences in selectively bred rats in Experiments 4 and 5. Tsukuba low-emotional (TLE) rats responded more than Tsukuba high-emotional (THE) rats in both components. However, discrimination of passive components was better in THE than in TLE rats. Syracuse high-avoidance rats were superior in the active component, whereas Syracuse low-avoidance rats showed superior performance in the passive component. PMID- 3215013 TI - Effect of the interintromission interval on lordotic response and attack latency in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - After 12-15 ejaculatory series, each consisting of several short intromissions (2 to 3-s vaginal penetration) and an ejaculation, male golden hamsters adopt an altered copulatory pattern consisting of long intromissions (5- to 25-s penetration with intravaginal thrusting). Receptivity declines and the tendency for the female to attack the male increases at about the time of this shift in copulatory pattern. Because the mean interintromission interval (III) between short intromissions is about 8 s compared to 100 s between long intromissions, it is possible that females detect this difference and adjust their mating accordingly. When the III between short intromissions from a rested male was experimentally increased to 100 s by use of a halter and lead device, the duration of lordosis was significantly less than that displayed by females paired with control males (8-s III) and virtually the same as that displayed by females paired with males that produced only long intromissions. This suggests that the female uses the temporal patterning of intravaginal stimulation as one criterion for terminating mating with a particular male. PMID- 3215014 TI - A developmental-genetic analysis of aggressive behavior in mice (Mus musculus): III. Behavioral mediation by heightened reactivity or immobility? AB - This research was designed to investigate development and behavioral mediation in lines of ICR mice that have been selectively bred for aggressive behavior. General behavioral reactivity and behavioral immobility have been implicated as potential mediators by prior analyses of preattack interactions. To evaluate the separate roles of these dispositions, the emergence of attacks in genetically selected lines was tracked for 11 years by three levels of analysis: over successive generations, over development, and over dyadic interactions. Convergent outcomes were observed in all three levels with respect to two findings: (a) Robust line differences were obtained in attack behaviors, and (b) strong associations were found between line differences in attacks and line differences in behavioral immobility. Conversely, all three levels of analysis indicated a weak and inconsistent association between line differences in attacks and measures of social and nonsocial reactivity. PMID- 3215015 TI - Two forms of minority-group test bias as psychometric artifacts with an animal model (Rattus norvegicus). AB - Controversy abounds over attributing group differences on tests to nature, nurture, or test bias. Limitations of correlational sampling from natural populations necessitate experimental methods to resolve underlying issues. In classical psychometrics test items are selected from a larger item pool through analysis of item responses in a sample of subjects. Rats of six inbred strains (n = 366) were tested in multiple mazes to provide a large item pool. Six populations were created, each with differing proportions of each strain. Items selected through independent item analyses within each population yielded six tests. An independent cross-validation sample (n = 146) provided scores on all six tests. This sample was also tested in another set of maze problems defined as the criterion to be predicted. Strain means and intrastrain predictive validities for the six tests varied with strain representation in the population used for item selection (p less than .001). Conventional item-selection procedures clearly produced two forms of minority test bias. PMID- 3215016 TI - Efficient storage and analysis of immunogenetic phenotypes: the phenotype-element technique. AB - An efficient means of representing genetic phenotype data is presented. This method employs 'phenotype elements', which are trinary indicators of observed traits. Each phenotype element describes phenotypic information such as an individual's reaction to an antiserum, and assumes a value of positive, negative or unknown. A genotype-phenotype table allows calculation of possible genotypes which correspond to a given phenotype. Applications of the technique are discussed. PMID- 3215017 TI - SEQUAL: an interactive computer program for sequential classification of biomedical data. AB - A computer program for sequential bayesian classification of patterns defined by integer and real-valued data is described. Classified patterns from a training sample are used to estimate the non-parametric (kernel) probability density functions and the a-priori class probabilities necessary to implement the bayesian classification. For each pattern and at each step in the sequential program, the 'best' feature to be measured at the next step is computed on the basis of the estimated misallocation error rate. The user can actually use the proposed feature or any other one; once the chosen feature has been measured, its value is used to allocate the pattern into the class with the highest conditional a-posteriori probability, according to the Bayes formula. The main feature of the program consists in the computation of the 'probability of reversal' at each step of the sequential procedure. The probability of reversal represents the probability that at the next step the pattern will be classified into a class different from the present one. The probability of reversal can be used as a stopping criterion, which is more efficient than other commonly used stopping rules, such as the a-posteriori Bayes probability or the estimated misallocation error rate. The program, available in FORTRAN 77 for a VAX/VMS machine, has been tested both on simulated and real data collected from patients suffering from various forms of hepatic disease. PMID- 3215018 TI - Microcomputer-assisted univariate survival data analysis using Kaplan-Meier life table estimators. AB - We describe a microcomputer program (KMSURV) for exploratory univariate statistical analysis of survival data which is directly applicable to the evaluation of clinical trials and to retrospective epidemiological studies of hospital registry-based data. The program calculates life-table-like information based on Kaplan-Meier's product-limit estimators of the survivorship function S(t) and provides summary measures of average survival times. In addition, two non-parametric tests for the comparison of survival distributions are performed. A report-quality, high resolution plot of the S(t) estimates for all groups being compared complements each set of analyses. KMSURV is not a simple adaptation of a mainframe statistical analysis package and, thus, it utilizes efficiently the interactive environment which is inherent in microcomputing. PMID- 3215019 TI - QSH: a minimal but highly portable image display and handling toolkit. AB - We describe a software system developed to handle images obtained from different sources, namely, computer-assisted tomography, positron emission tomography, single photon emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In developing the system, it was necessary to address the following points. (1) The types of values that were encountered in both the header information and the pixel elements, namely, integers, floating point numbers, complex numbers and strings. (2) The use of domain-dependent sets of keys, that is, how to choose keys and how to stabilize the use of keys among the user population. This is, for example, how information such as the patient name, or the activity in becquerel is kept. It is necessary to keep both the key values and the units. (3) The development of a method for providing a database using flat files, i.e. linear text. (4) The maintenance of a history of values and operations. This is necessary in order to address the problem of determining from an image how that image was produced. The connection between an image and how it was derived is analogous to describing how a secondary standard is derived from a primary one. PMID- 3215020 TI - ENDO-LAB: an integrated, portable endocrinology laboratory software system. AB - ENDO-LAB is an IBM PC-based system which performs calculations and record-keeping for the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Endocrinology Laboratory. It manages maintenance and quality control, and prints reports for regulatory agencies. The system was designed to minimize paperwork without changing laboratory procedures in any way. Key features of ENDO-LAB include a uniform user interface, and error detection mechanisms. The system is designed to detect data which has been incorrectly entered. In addition, where the efficacy of a test can be determined on the basis of limited data, preliminary graphs are screened as soon as possible, so that the user can terminate lengthy calculations whose outcome would be invalid or inconclusive. ENDO-LAB is an integrated system in that the same statistical and calibration programs can be applied to all of the analyses. The system is both extensible and portable; it has been successfully implemented outside Vanderbilt. PMID- 3215021 TI - RIAPC: a microcomputer program for the analysis of radioimmunoassay data. AB - A microcomputer program for analysis of radioimmunoassays has been developed for use on microcomputers which operate under MS-DOS system software. The program messages are contained in an ASCII text file in French, English, and Spanish and can be modified by the user. The parameters and data can be entered manually into screen tables, or read from external files. An unweighted log/logit transformation is used for regression analysis of the standard curve. Provision is made for correction of the sample measurements for procedural losses (recovery). All results are written to an ASCII text file which can printed and/or reduced in order to pass the sample concentrations to other programs. PMID- 3215022 TI - Measuring parkinsonian symptoms with a tracking device. AB - After a brief discussion of the existing methods of measuring various motor and other neurological functions as well as methods of inferring the parkinsonian symptoms therefrom, a simple computer based device and a method making use of pursuit tracking to assess different motor and neurologic characteristics are proposed. Computational methods of extracting attributes from the tracking data like the reaction time, the movement time and the error area between the reference signal and the tracking response are discussed. Measurements with a control population of healthy subjects are synopsized. Measurements with parkinsonian patients presenting tremor or bradykinesia as major symptoms are described. Finally, both results are compared. PMID- 3215023 TI - Biofeedback training program: multiple channels, displays, and schedules of reinforcement. AB - A microcomputer-based biofeedback training program is presented that can be used (with minor modifications) under different hardware configurations. The program interacts friendly with the user, providing access and recording of up to eight different channels at the same time (although only four can be visualized). Within each channel, the user has control upon eight different variables (protocol), independently of each other. Different displays, sounds, sampling speeds, schedules of reinforcement, graphical presentation of the data and statistical analysis are provided to accommodate the feedback properties to various clinical and experimental applications. PMID- 3215025 TI - A multiuser MUMPS language patient/physician scheduling system for microcomputers. AB - A microcomputer based patient and physician scheduling system is described that accommodates the special needs unique to residency training programs. Appointments are scheduled automatically according to the type of problems the patient brings to the office as well as the differing time requirements of attending physicians and residents at various levels of training. PMID- 3215024 TI - The CODATA/IUIS Hybridoma Data Bank: development of a hybrid system to handle complex data relationships. AB - System design for the Hybridoma Data Bank, a database of comprehensive information on immunoreagents for use by scientists in diverse disciplines, is described. Unique problems include: use of nomenclature from diverse fields that is neither static nor standard; the need for two representations of the database- textual for readability and numeric for complex search capabilities, analysis and data compression; and a method of translating between the two representations of the database. PMID- 3215026 TI - Deteriorating neurologic status in a young woman with schizophrenia. PMID- 3215027 TI - Consensus development summaries. Prevention and treatment of kidney stones. National Institutes of Health. PMID- 3215028 TI - Medical education in the United States, 1960-1987. PMID- 3215029 TI - Ethical issues involved in the growing AIDS crisis. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. PMID- 3215030 TI - Use of mammography for breast cancer screening--Rhode Island, 1987. Centers for Disease Control. PMID- 3215031 TI - Henoch-Schonlein purpura--Connecticut. PMID- 3215032 TI - The obstetrics of the soul. PMID- 3215033 TI - Active euthanasia: lessons from the President's Commission. PMID- 3215034 TI - Toward a comprehensive strategy for the prevention of suicidal behavior: a summary of recommendations of national task forces. PMID- 3215035 TI - Suicidal individuals: two types of research or two types of people? PMID- 3215036 TI - Suicide in young people is different. PMID- 3215037 TI - Comparison of the two telephone crisis lines in Los Angeles (USA) and in Ljubljana (Yugoslavia). PMID- 3215038 TI - Long-term crisis management by furthering group dependence as a narcissistic reinforcement of drug and alcohol dependents. PMID- 3215039 TI - The meaning of suicide: implications for research. PMID- 3215040 TI - Loop diuretics cause less postural hypotension than thiazide diuretics in the frail elderly. AB - Seventy frail elderly patients attending a day hospital were studied to investigate the incidence of postural hypotension in control patients on no diuretic treatment (n = 30), patients on loop diuretics (frusemide) for mild cardiac failure (n = 20) and patients on thiazide diuretics for mild cardiac failure (n = 20). The results showed that patients on thiazide diuretics had a higher incidence of postural hypotension (reduction in systolic blood pressure greater than 20 mmHg on standing after 2 minutes) than patients on loop diuretics (12 out of 20 vs 4 out of 20, p less than 0.05). Mean plasma potassium levels were lower in the thiazide group than in the frusemide group (p less than 0.05) and this correlated significantly with change in systolic blood pressure from supine to standing position (r = -0.56, p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that a loop diuretic (frusemide) is as safe if not safer than thiazides in older patients and the latter have an unjustified reputation of being safer first-line drugs for the treatment of cardiac failure. PMID- 3215041 TI - Haemodynamic effects of intravenous and oral alifedrine in patients with cardiac failure. AB - A randomized, double-blind, double-crossover, placebo-controlled haemodynamic study was undertaken in patients with Grade II/III (NYHA) cardiac failure to examine the acute effects of intravenous alifedrine, 20 mg and 40 mg (17 patients), and oral 40 mg alifedrine (8 of these patients). Patients received single doses of alifedrine and placebo on separate days, with invasive monitoring. Alifedrine resulted in a significant (p less than 0.001), dose dependent increase in cardiac output. The peak effect (+23% with 20 mg i.v., +42% with 40 mg i.v. and +29% with 40 mg orally) was seen approximately 1 hour after intravenous administration (with about half of these increases still apparent at 3 hours) but developed progressively over 3 hours after oral administration. There were significant reductions (p less than 0.001) in peripheral resistance (peak mean changes -21% with 20 mg i.v., -31% with 40 mg i.v. and -23% with 40 mg orally), but little (less than +/- 6%) observed change in arterial pressure. With intravenous alifedrine, there were significant increases in stroke volume (+19% with 20 mg, +35% with 40 mg, p less than 0.001) with little (5%) change in heart rate (+3% and +7%, respectively, N.S.). With the 40 mg oral dose, there was a small increase in heart rate (+12%, p less than 0.005) associated with a 19% (N.S.) increase in stroke volume. Peak haemodynamic responses to 40 mg alifedrine orally were 50% to 75% of those seen after administration of the same dose intravenously. When assessed 3 hours after administration, responses to the two routes of administration were similar. There were no clinically or statistically significant changes in arterial (non-invasive), pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillary or right atrial pressures with any dose of alifedrine. No significant arrhythmias were noted clinically with the doses studied. Alifedrine, therefore, is an interesting agent, available both orally and intravenously, which is well tolerated and appears to produce marked acute increases in cardiac output with little change in heart rate or blood pressure. Further studies should determine whether these effects are maintained during longer-term therapy and clarify the relative contributions of positive inotropic and peripheral vasodilator activity to the effects observed. PMID- 3215043 TI - Lymphoid-restricted stem cells. PMID- 3215042 TI - Differential expression of myc-family genes during development: normal and deregulated N-myc expression in transgenic mice. PMID- 3215044 TI - Plasmacytoma induction by J series of v-myc recombinant retroviruses: evidence for the requirement of two (raf and myc) oncogenes for transformation. PMID- 3215045 TI - Synergy of an IgH promoter-enhancer-driven c-myc/v-Ha-ras retrovirus and pristane in the induction of murine plasmacytomas. PMID- 3215046 TI - The genetics of susceptibility to RIM-induced plasmacytomagenesis. PMID- 3215048 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma variant translocations: distribution of chromosomal breakpoints and perturbated regulation of a mutated c-myc gene. PMID- 3215047 TI - Altered growth phenotype of a Burkitt's lymphoma line following the introduction and stable expression of the EBNA 2A gene. PMID- 3215049 TI - Differentiation associated c-myc expression in phorbol ester and lymphokine stimulated B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. PMID- 3215050 TI - Prediction of a dimerization surface common to a new class of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. PMID- 3215051 TI - Deregulation of the c-myc and N-myc genes in transformed cells. PMID- 3215052 TI - A repressor of c-myc transcription is found specifically in plasmacytomas. PMID- 3215053 TI - Multifactorial regulation of the human c-myc oncogene. PMID- 3215054 TI - Negative control elements within and near the murine c-myc gene. PMID- 3215055 TI - Deregulated expression of an activated allele of human c-myc in transfected fibroblast cultures. PMID- 3215056 TI - The pathogenesis of tumors induced by helper virus-free Abelson murine leukemia virus. PMID- 3215057 TI - Molecular analysis of an AIDS-associated Burkitt's lymphoma: near-identity with endemic cases. PMID- 3215058 TI - Transgenic mouse models for hematopoietic tumorigenesis. PMID- 3215059 TI - [Legal aspects of organ donation, procurement and transplantation]. PMID- 3215060 TI - [Organization of organ donation]. PMID- 3215061 TI - [Splenic cyst. Diagnosis, indications and choice of procedure]. AB - Based on two cases of splenic cysts diagnosis, indication, and selection of surgical methods are discussed. Ultrasound and computerized axial tomography prove to be the most important diagnostic methods. The indication to operate on cysts with a diameter exceeding 2 cm follows from possible complications. Because of the immunological importance of the spleen and the technical means of today a splenic resection should always be considered. PMID- 3215062 TI - [Is spontaneous, internal bilio-digestive fistula a surgical indication?]. AB - Spontaneous enterobiliary fistulas are recognized preoperatively in only about 50 per cent of patients. Ultrasonography and intravenous cholangiogram merely demonstrate alterations of cholelithiasis. In plain abdominal radiograph biliary gas is presumptive evidence of enterobiliary fistula formation. Barium studies or ERC often succeed in outlining fistula preoperatively. Because of additional findings in more than 70 per cent of cases, such as calculous biliary disease, carcinoma of gallbladder and ascending cholangitis surgical repair of enterobiliary fistula always should be performed. This counts among the most difficult surgical procedures in biliary tract and is burdened with a mortality of 4 to 22 per cent. Experience with 33 patients operated on are reported. In 5 patients enterobiliary fistula was associated with carcinoma of gallbladder, which was discovered in 3 patients only at histopathologic investigation. PMID- 3215063 TI - [References and recommendations of the German Hospital Society--compiled in cooperation with the Federal Medical Board--on HIV infection. HIV test for patients--patient education and consent to testing]. PMID- 3215064 TI - [Secondary achalasia caused by diffuse infiltrating cardial cancer]. AB - Malignant tumors, especially gastric adenocarcinomas infiltrating into the submucosa of the esophagus, can result in a clinical syndrome termed secondary or pseudo-achalasia that mimicks idiopathic primary achalasia. History, symptoms, radiology, esophago-gastroscopy with biopsy, and esophageal manometry do not discriminate secondary from primary achalasia at initial evaluation. The difficulty in establishing the diagnosis is demonstrated on the case of a 57-year old man presenting with dysphagia, vomiting, and weight loss. Fluoroscopically, the esophagus was moderately dilated and bird-beaked. The patient underwent two gastroesophagoscopies, in the second of which the endoscope could not be passed through the esophagogastric junction. Esophageal manometry revealed an only partial relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter upon swallowing and nonpropulsive, repetitive contractions in the esophageal body, compatible with the diagnosis "vigorous achalasia". After two mechanic dilatations, a myotomy of the sphincter seemed indicated. At operation, a cardiac carcinoma infiltrating submucosally into the esophagus was found. The recognition of secondary achalasia is difficult, and signs such as older age, brief duration of symptoms, marked weight loss and the presence of vigorous achalasia, relatively rare in primary achalasia, are unspecific. Hence, in all instances in which secondary achalasia cannot be ruled out, it seems advisable to perform an explorative laparotomy with eventual sphinctermyotomy as primary therapeutic intervention instead of a mechanic dilatation, which potentially further obscures the underlying disease. To enable the recognition of undetected secondary achalasia, all patients with achalasia should be followed up thoroughly. PMID- 3215065 TI - [Life-threatening hemorrhage in pelvic fractures of polytraumatized patients. Diagnostic issues and embolization treatment]. AB - Between 1984-1987 6 multiple trauma patients with pelvic fractures and bleeding from pelvic vessels were treated by transcatheter embolization. Although diagnosis and therapy were early in two cases, there was an overall time delay of median 17 hours (1-38 h) until localisation of bleeding lesions. In this period multiple transfusions (median: 33.7 units of packed erythrocytes, 14.5 units of fresh frozen plasma) could not control hemorrhage. After successful transcatheter embolization circulation stabilized immediately and durably. 4 patients died, 2 of them from septic-toxic multi-organ-failure. PMID- 3215067 TI - [Surgical aspects of the implantation of catheters for acute peritoneal dialysis in premature, newborn and young infants]. AB - Ten years experience with acute peritoneal dialysis in 39 preterm-, newborn and small infants shows advantage and low risk of surgically implanted single dacron cuffed silicone catheters compared to trocar catheters. PMID- 3215066 TI - [Ileus of the small intestine caused by intestinal anisakiasis (herring worm disease)]. AB - Two cases of anisaciasis caused by eating of improperly prepared herrings which were infested with larval nematodes are reported. The acute type with a stenosing process in the small intestinal wall existed in both cases which resulted in an ileus. Therapy was resection of the affected intestinal part with end-to-end anastomosis. The morphological proof of larval nematodes, which penetrate from lumen into the eosinophilic granulomata, pseudotumours and eosinophilic microabscesses are important histological findings. It should be considered the possibility of a herring worm disease in the case of an acute abdomen caused by an inflammatory small bowel stenosis. PMID- 3215068 TI - "Visible' gloves halt office cross-infection. PMID- 3215069 TI - High copper amalgams end era of dispute. PMID- 3215070 TI - Implants create a new breed. PMID- 3215071 TI - Implants in hospital settings offer advantages for dentists. PMID- 3215072 TI - [Abdominal manifestations of acute systemic lupus erythematosus. Apropos of a case of intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3215073 TI - [Excision surgery of the esophagus after the age of 70]. PMID- 3215074 TI - [Middle mediastinal parathyroid adenoma of the aorto-pulmonary window. 2 cases]. PMID- 3215075 TI - [Normovolemic hemodilution. Its value in reconstructive aorto-iliac surgery]. PMID- 3215076 TI - [Impotence caused by venous incompetence. 80 cases treated with anastomosis between the epigastric artery and the deep dorsal vein of the penis]. PMID- 3215077 TI - [Preparation of the type-82 polyether antifoaming agent and its use in double contrast gastrointestinal studies]. PMID- 3215078 TI - [The experience with CT guided transcutaneous fine-needle biopsy]. PMID- 3215079 TI - [Iliac vein compression syndrome]. PMID- 3215081 TI - [Primary liposarcoma of the long bone (report of 3 cases)]. PMID- 3215080 TI - [CT measurement of metrizamide myelography of 100 normal adults]. PMID- 3215082 TI - [Radiologic observation on 100 cases of early rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3215083 TI - [Investigation on segmental and lobar anatomy of the lung on CT image]. PMID- 3215084 TI - [Experimental radiologic and pathologic study on the innominate groove of the colon--with 30 human colon specimens]. PMID- 3215085 TI - [Radiologic and experimental investigation on the inflammatory nodules at an anastomotic site after Billroth II gastrectomy]. PMID- 3215086 TI - [Vascular embolization utilizing transcatheter electrocoagulation in combination with a steel coil: an experimental study]. PMID- 3215087 TI - [The discussion of investigation and designing methods on the environment and population influenced by moving sources of the railway noise]. PMID- 3215088 TI - [Effects of phosphoramidothiolate pesticides on rat erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase]. PMID- 3215089 TI - [Mutagenic studies on HDMF]. PMID- 3215090 TI - [Serologic epidemiology of hepatitis B viral infection and observation on the immunologic effect of hepatitis B vaccine]. PMID- 3215091 TI - [Application of canonical correlation analysis in growth and development data]. PMID- 3215092 TI - [Trace elements in human bone in the Beijing area by neutron activation analysis]. PMID- 3215093 TI - Dilemma in dentistry: implementing infection and hazard control. PMID- 3215094 TI - Medical controversy: does an aspirin a day keep heart attacks away? PMID- 3215095 TI - Laser therapy research offers hope for sports injuries. PMID- 3215096 TI - Efficacy of pelvic packing in maintaining hemostasis after rectal excision for cancer. AB - In a retrospective study, the records of 95 patients who underwent rectal resection for carcinoma were reviewed to assess the efficacy and complications of pelvic packing for hemorrhage. Heavier blood loss was noted with fixed tumors, where preoperative radiation had been given, or there had been previous pelvic surgery, compared with situations where these factors were absent. Three patients died from myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolus, and renal failure, respectively. No patients required further hemostatic measures after pack removal. Perineal wound infection or delayed perineal wound healing occurred in 22 percent and abdominal wound infection in 6 percent of the patients. There were no instances of anastomotic leak, abdominal abscess, or pelvic abscess requiring laparotomy for treatment in this series. Pelvic packing is a safe, simple, and effective procedure for patients with problematic pelvic bleeding after rectal resection. PMID- 3215097 TI - Alterations in ileoanal pouch technique, 1980 to 1987. Complications and functional outcome. AB - This study presents the results of 82 ileoanal pouch operations (57 S, 25 J) performed from 1980 to 1987. It also reports the development of the operative technique during these years. The functional outcome was evaluated in 66 patients followed for 2 to 84 months (mean, 23). The mean number of bowel movements per 24 hours was 5.0. Seventy-four percent of the patients had no leakage or staining and 82 percent had a deferral time of more than one hour. Nightly evacuations were significantly more common in men than in women. Leakage and short deferral time were significantly more common in patients over 40 years of age than in those under 25. Early experience with the S-pouch was encumbered by evacuation problems and ileoanal separations. Shortening of the efferent conduits and the muscle cuffs reduced these complications significantly. Postoperative continence was improved significantly after reduction of anal dilatation and preservation of the transitional zone. The length of bowel used for the double-loop reservoirs seemed to be of importance concerning frequency. PMID- 3215098 TI - Ulcerative colitis in protracted remission. A quantitative scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Colonoscopic biopsies from 32 patients were studied at the ultrastructural level using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sixteen of the 32 patients had a previous diagnosis of total ulcerative colitis (UCR greater than 10 years) in protracted remission. The colonic mucosa was normal at endoscopic and histologic examinations (UCRN). The remaining 16 patients had normal colonic mucosa, but had an adenoma or an adenocarcinoma elsewhere in the colon. Several ultrastructural parameters were investigated, such as the number of crypts per area, the distance between the crypts, the outline of mucosal units, the number of mucous cells, the outline of absorptive cells, and the number of villi per area. Quantitative determinations of SEM structures (including measurements with an interactive digital image analyzer system; MOP 30, Zeiss Contron) were made. The results showed no significant differences between the various parameters (except for the number of crypts per area) between patients with UCRN and controls. The possibility of a total (or quasi-total) restitutio ad integrum of the colonic mucosa in certain patients with UCR is discussed. An international policy regarding the colonoscopic surveillance of patients with UCRN should be elaborated. It is suggested that the time interval between control colonoscopic biopsies in patients with UCRN should be increased substantially. PMID- 3215099 TI - Local recurrence after low anterior resection using the EEA stapling device. AB - Fifty-five patients underwent curative stapled low anterior resection for rectal adenocarcinomas located 5 to 15 cm from the anal verge. Two patients (3.7 percent) died postoperatively. The mean follow-up for the remaining 53 patients was 40 months. Local recurrence was diagnosed in 17 patients (32 percent), in most (88 percent) within the first two years after surgery. Most local recurrences appeared in patients classified as Dukes' C1 and C2 but, surprisingly, no significant difference was found between rectal tumors of high and low location as regards recurrence. The high rate of recurrence in this series may be attributable to the large number of patients with advanced tumors, and poorly differentiated carcinoma, or both. PMID- 3215100 TI - Management of the obstructed left colon by the one-stage intracolonic bypass procedure. AB - Six patients with left-sided colonic obstruction were treated by immediate resection and anastomosis using the intraluminal bypass procedure. There was no mortality or clinical anastomotic leakage. The technique provides an alternative to staged management of left-sided colonic obstruction. PMID- 3215101 TI - Diagnosis and management of endometriosis of the colon and rectum. AB - Colon and rectal endometriosis is a relatively rare entity that may have a wide array of clinical symptomatology and radiographic findings. Thirty-two patients with a diagnosis of colon or rectal endometriosis were seen and treated at the Ferguson Clinic between 1960 and 1986. Diagnostic, pathologic, and therapeutic findings were reviewed. All patients, except one, had large-bowel symptoms. Ten patients had previous histories of pelvic endometriosis. When endometriosis of the colon causes significant symptoms or a neoplasm cannot be ruled out, partial colectomy is recommended. If pelvic endometriosis is extensive, removal of the endometriomas and reproductive organs should be entertained concurrent with bowel resection. Hormonal manipulation may be attempted in certain select patients, with very close follow-up. PMID- 3215102 TI - Perineal continent colostomy. Report of a case. AB - A case of abdominoperineal amputation with continent colostomy with neosphincter implanted in the perineum is presented. The technique and its follow-up of 19 months are related. The success of 24-hour continence and the patient's comfort when compared with that of classic abdominal colostomies justify its use in selected patients. PMID- 3215103 TI - Ureterosigmoidostomy complicated by polyp formation. Report of two cases. AB - Neoplasia associated with ureterosigmoidostomy is uncommon but important. Two patients, one of whom developed symptoms five years after the ureterosigmoidostomy had been taken down, are reported. The authors support the theory that these tumors may arise from the ureter. When ureterosigmoidostomies are dismantled, the site of implantation should be resected and the patients kept under long-term endoscopic review. PMID- 3215104 TI - Proctocolectomy with restorative ileoanal reservoir for severe idiopathic constipation. Report of two cases. AB - The standard surgical therapy for severe idiopathic constipation remains total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, but approximately 10 percent of patients develop recurrent severe constipation. The authors have performed rectal excision and formation of an ileal reservoir with ileoanal anastomosis in two patients in whom constipation followed colectomy. Both patients experienced symptomatic relief, and in one patient there was objective improvement in transit studies, sensory testing, and proctography. In both patients a permanent ileostomy was avoided. PMID- 3215105 TI - Easy peroperative classification of perianal muscle as external or internal sphincter by means of diathermy. AB - Cutting tissues with coagulation current diathermy has some advantages in anorectal surgery. By evoking twitches in striated muscle and no similar reaction in smooth muscle, the technique facilitates the distinction between internal and external anal sphincter. Furthermore, cutting in this manner avoids the use of sharp instruments, thereby lowering the risk of accidental perioperative spread of blood-borne viral disease. PMID- 3215106 TI - Modified packing technique for control of presacral pelvic bleeding. AB - A modification of pelvic packing to control presacral bleeding is described. This method makes removal of the packing less uncomfortable and usually does not require anesthesia. PMID- 3215107 TI - Gaps and perspectives of new fluoroquinolones. AB - The gaps in the present piperazinyl-substituted fluoroquinolones include: (a) gaps in their antibacterial spectrum, varying from one fluoroquinolone to another for streptococci-pneumococci-enterococci (SPE), some Gram-negative and Gram positive anaerobes, Nocardia, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Ureaplasma urealyticum, slow-growing mycobacteria; (b) a pH dependence of their antibacterial activity (low activity at acidic pH for piperazinyl-substituted fluoroquinolones); (c) a rapid development of bacterial resistance for some bacteria (staphylococci, pseudomonas) in prolonged treatment of cystic fibrosis, intensive care units; (d) some gaps in the pharmacokinetic parameters such as incomplete oral bioavailability, short half-life, intensive biotransformation, unwanted interactions with other antibiotics or other drugs. The prospects for fluoroquinolones are trying to eliminate these gaps. The 7-piperazinyl or pyrrolidinyl, 1-cyclopropylfluoroquinolones have improved activity on SPE, anaerobes and pseudomonas-acinetobacter. Two categories can be distinguished: (i) with increased activity on SPE, but keeping also the activity on pseudomonas (A 62824, A-62254, A-65846, A-60969, AT-3295, AT-3765); (ii) with increased activity on SPE but with a loss of activity on pseudomonas (CI-934, PD-117558, S-25932). The pharmacokinetic parameters are modified by the N-methylation of the piperazine ring (bioavailability), modification of the hydrophilic or lipophilic character, conditioning half-life, metabolic biotransformation, diffusibility into the spinal fluid, crossing the blood-brain barrier, tubular reabsorption and neuropsychic adverse effects. PMID- 3215108 TI - Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in the treatment of severe infections in hospitalized patients. AB - The authors studied 302 hospitalized patients, 164 males and 138 females aged 15 88 years (average 66 years), with severe infections. Cefotetan was administered to 278 of them at the dose of 1 or 2 g, b.i.d. or a single daily dose i.m. Other patients [24] were treated with a continuous intravenous infusion of cefotetan (3 g daily in 5% dextrose). Of these patients 121 were treated for urinary tract infections (UTI); 114 for respiratory tract infections (RTI); 41 for liver biliary duct infections (BDI); 17 for skin or skin structure infections (SKI); 6 for fever of unknown origin and 3 for sepsis. The following Gram-positive organisms [156] were isolated: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus group D; and the following Gram-negative organisms [122]: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia spp., Klebsiella spp., Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The overall eradication rate for Gram-positive organisms was 74% and for Gram-negative organisms it was 88%. The clinical response was satisfactory in 87.7% of patients (specifically, cefotetan was effective in 90% of UTI, 84.2% of RTI, 97.5% of BDI and 82.3% of SKI). The drug was well tolerated and side-effects (such as skin rash, diarrhoea, purpura and pain at the site of injection) occurred in only 4% of patients treated with cefotetan. In conclusion, cefotetan appears to be safe and highly effective for the treatment of severe infections in hospitalized patients. PMID- 3215109 TI - Evaluation of passively absorbed saliva for determination of oral slow-release theophylline bioavailability in children. AB - Assessment in young children of the bioavailability of slow-release theophylline formulations is hampered by the requirement for frequent blood sampling. Calculations of bioavailability from serial serum and passively absorbed saliva samples were therefore compared in six 9- to 12-year-old asthmatic children receiving multiple doses of Theo-Dur Sprinkle every 12 hours, using Theo-Dur tablets, a previously characterized formulation, as a reference. Results indicated 85 +/- 5 percent and 82 +/- 8 percent (mean +/- SEM) relative bioavailability based on serum and salivary measurements, respectively. Correlation coefficient for serum and passively absorbed saliva bioavailabilities was 0.90. Passively absorbed saliva provides an acceptably accurate, noninvasive method for theophylline bioavailability assessment and may be a useful alternative for bioavailability studies in young children. PMID- 3215110 TI - Flow rate variability from selected syringe and mobile infusion pumps. AB - Alterations in response to pharmacological agents have been attributed to flow rate variation produced by intravenous infusion devices during drug delivery. A wide range of variation has been shown to occur with large-volume infusion devices. The intent of this investigation was to examine flow variation resulting from the use of selected small-volume syringe and mobile infusion devices and determine whether these devices have greater flow continuity than large-volume infusion pumps. Each syringe and mobile infusion device delivered iv fluid at three flow rates (1, 5, and 10 ml/h). The effusate was collected in a tared beaker and serial weights were measured every ten seconds using a computerized, gravimetric technique. Accuracy, continuity, and pattern of flow were determined for each of the syringe and mobile infusion devices. All of the devices produced accurate flow, within +/- 10 percent of the desired 5 and 10 ml/h rates. However, the actual iv flow rate ranged from 53 to 93 percent for the 1 ml/h rate. Continuity and pattern of flow resulting from each device were diverse. When compared with large-volume, microrate infusion devices, no significant differences could be observed. Therefore, no clear advantage to delivering drug solutions on a continuous basis can be expected from the use of small-volume devices. Specific infusion devices may be preferable for certain clinical applications; flow continuity data may be valuable when selecting an infusion device. PMID- 3215112 TI - Oxacillin-associated hypokalemia. AB - Antibiotic-induced hypokalemia does not occur frequently, but has been described with aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, and ureido penicillins. A patient with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia who developed severe hypokalemia while on high doses of oxacillin is presented. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of oxacillin-associated hypokalemia. PMID- 3215111 TI - Lithium intoxication with acute renal failure and death. AB - A 65-year-old female presented with only gastrointestinal symptoms eight to ten hours after an acute ingestion of an unknown amount of lithium carbonate. The serum lithium concentration was 8.5 mEq/L. Forty-eight hours postingestion she developed acute renal failure, deteriorating mental status, and cardiovascular collapse. Despite both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis the patient died approximately four and one-half days after ingestion. A direct nephrotoxic effect of lithium is proposed. PMID- 3215113 TI - Extreme warfarin intoxication secondary to possible covert drug ingestion. AB - A young adult male patient presented with an excessively prolonged prothrombin time (greater than 90 sec) following approximately two weeks of therapy with oral warfarin sodium, in doses between 2.5 and 5 mg/d. Repeated administration of vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma was required to reverse the anticoagulation and maintain a normalized prothrombin time. Serial warfarin plasma concentration measurements were used to interpret the apparently unusual prothrombin time response profile and to detect the possibility of covert drug ingestion. PMID- 3215114 TI - Methyldopa-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and bone marrow granulomatosis. AB - A case of an elderly man who developed severe hyponatremia and bone marrow granulomatosis while taking methyldopa is described. The hyponatremia was found to be due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Bone marrow biopsy revealed granulomas. A MEDLINE search of the English literature was done, yielding only one previous report of methyldopa-induced bone marrow granulomatosis and no previous reports of methyldopa-induced SIADH. PMID- 3215115 TI - Phenytoin dosing in obese patients: two case reports. AB - Phenytoin is used extensively in the treatment of various forms of epilepsy, and remains the drug of choice in partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Because it demonstrates saturable, Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetics, dosing of phenytoin within the therapeutic range can be very challenging, especially so in obese patients. We present case reports of two obese patients each requiring very large doses of phenytoin sodium (1000 mg/d) to sustain therapeutic serum concentrations and seizure control. There are very few reports in the literature regarding phenytoin pharmacokinetic changes in the obese. We can only theorize possible changes in these parameters. Further investigation in the form of controlled research trials need to be performed before final dosage recommendations can be given. PMID- 3215116 TI - Therapeutic drug interchange: the battle heats up. PMID- 3215117 TI - Drug package information in India. PMID- 3215118 TI - Ritodrine-induced erythema multiforme. PMID- 3215119 TI - Bacteriuria due to coagulase-negative staphylococci in children. PMID- 3215120 TI - Midazolam disinhibition reaction. PMID- 3215121 TI - Soft-tissue damage and intravenous phenytoin. PMID- 3215122 TI - Unique two-stage intervention to modify prescribing trends. PMID- 3215123 TI - NSAID dosing schedule and compliance. PMID- 3215124 TI - Comment: inpatient cost reduction. PMID- 3215125 TI - Three key issues in antihypertensive treatment. Proceedings of a meeting of the Swedish League Against Hypertension. Stockholm, 10-11 September 1987. PMID- 3215126 TI - Renal function before and after withdrawal of long term antihypertensive treatment in primary hypertension. AB - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (inulin and para aminohippurate clearance) were measured in a random sample of 17 normotensive and 20 untreated patients with primary hypertension. At the 7-year follow-up, 19 patients were on metoprolol (as the sole drug or in combination with either hydrochlorothiazide or hydralazine) and 1 patient was on hydrochlorothiazide. They were re-examined after withdrawal of treatment and return of hypertension. At the 7-year follow-up GFR was more reduced in the hypertensive (-17%) than in the normotensive group (-9%). The percentage decrease in renal blood flow was the same in both groups. No significant renal function changes appeared after withdrawal of treatment. In conclusion, there was a slightly greater deterioration in GFR in the hypertensive patients after long term treatment with metoprolol than can be explained by normal ageing. PMID- 3215127 TI - Acebutolol and atherosclerosis. Proceedings of a symposium. Marrakesh, 3 December 1987. PMID- 3215128 TI - Detection of hypertension. PMID- 3215130 TI - Complications seen in patients undergoing intermittent haemodialysis at the Kenyatta National Hospital in the period 1984-1986. PMID- 3215129 TI - Effects of training on the serum lipid profile in normal men. AB - Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated in the past that endurance-trained persons are characterised by a less atherogenic lipid profile than their sedentary counterparts: the former have clearly higher HDL-cholesterol and lower serum triglyceride concentrations than the latter, and also their LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol concentrations are slightly lower. In a longitudinal intervention study in previously sedentary men, the effect of moderate short term physical training on the serum lipid profile was investigated. 30 healthy male volunteers were trained for 16 weeks, 3 hours weekly. After training their physical working capacity was increased on average by 29%. This was accompanied by an increment in the HDL-cholesterol fraction of 26%; the relative increase was greater for HDL2-(+32%) than for HDL3-cholesterol(+24%). VLDL-cholesterol was reduced by 21% at the end of the training period. On average, plasma total cholesterol, total triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol were not significantly changed at the end of the training period. Negative associations were, however, found between the training-induced increase in exercise capacity and the concomitant changes in plasma triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol. In conclusion, these longitudinal observations show that short term moderate endurance training improves the serum lipid profile in previously sedentary men. PMID- 3215131 TI - The aetiology and presentation of chronic calcific pancreatitis in patients seen at Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 3215132 TI - Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) scores in African myelomatosis. PMID- 3215133 TI - Thyroiditis in Ibadan, Nigeria: a changing prevalence? PMID- 3215134 TI - Pyogenic meningitis in Nairobi children. PMID- 3215135 TI - Mortality in infants less than 2500 grammes birthweight admitted into a special care baby unit in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. PMID- 3215136 TI - Oral protozoa in a Kenyan population. PMID- 3215137 TI - Problems in writing medico-legal reports. Part II. Head injury and epilepsy: the second of a series. PMID- 3215138 TI - [Immune status in infantile autism. Correlation between the immune status, autistic symptoms and levels of serotonin]. AB - In sixteen autistic children high values of IgG and a high level of lymphocyte stimulation with PHA were observed. Principal component analysis showed: 1) a significant correlation between basic lymphocyte mitogenic activity and the clinical symptoms opposition and hyperactivity, 2) a significant correlation between high Ig levels, high PHA stimulation responses and the main autistic symptoms (withdrawal, inaffectivity, hypoactivity, mannerism, stereotypy and negatively echolalia), 3) a significant correlation with serotonin uptake by platelets and high immunological responses. Such correlations are strongly in favor of an immunologic component in autistic disease. PMID- 3215141 TI - [Colloquium. Tardive dyskinesia: evaluation of current knowledge. Casablanca (Morocco), October 15-16 1987. Proceedings]. PMID- 3215140 TI - [A new scale of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of anxiety: the Ferrerri Anxiety Rating Diagram (FARD)]. AB - This new instrument to evaluate anxiety, the F.A.R.D. (Ferreri anxiety rating diagram - 1987) has been conceived to appreciate the repercussions of anxiety on the activity of the subject. It realizes a special image of anxiety. It has been studied, by both psychiatrists and general practitioners in 320 patients included on generalised anxiety disorders criteria (following DMS III). The validation has been realised in a study of prazepam for 81 patients. The F.A.R.D. is based upon 12 items. The factor analysis has retained 4 factors explaining 66% of the whole variance. These 4 factors composed by 3 items each are: relational, somatic, vigilance, cognitive. This new instrument, the F.A.R.D.: evaluates the intensity of anxiety, precision, the shape of anxiety, specifies sub-groups of anxiety, allows a following of evolution, appreciates the pharmaco-clinical profile of the anxiolytic drug prescribed. PMID- 3215139 TI - [Panic disorder in general medicine. Epidemiological data and treatment with clomipramine]. AB - Fifty-six general practitioners, experienced in the use of diagnostic criteria from DSM III for affective and anxiety disorders, have taken part in a study involving 352 patients, 92 males (26%) and 260 females (74%) with an average age of 38.6 +/- 13.5. The epidemiologic part of this work consists in a case-control comparison of socio-demographic characteristics among subjects with panic disturbance and others unaffected with it. It allows to conclude that panic disturbance is two times more frequent in women than in men and most often in young people. The results of the therapeutic with Clomipramine at low dosage (40 mg) objective a complete removal of panic attacks in 21.5% and 64% of patients after a respectively 15 days treatment. Other criteria of evaluation (Hamilton Depression Rating scale--HDRS), Montgomery and Asberg Depression Scale--MADRS--, clinician's global assessment) evolve favorably also. It is however interesting to note that though it is not in originally more depressed patients that panic disturbance is most improved by treatment, there is on the other hand a correlation between scores from MADRS and HDRS and the number of panic attacks under treatment. These results corroborate the hypothesis that Clomipramine can be effective at low dosage in some patients with panic disturbance--here, slightly less than 2/3 of the cases--while for other patients higher dosages are necessary. PMID- 3215142 TI - Optimum replacement dose of thyroid hormone assessed by highly sensitive TSH determination in patients with congenital hypothyroidism. AB - Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were measured in 100 samples from 25 patients with congenital hypothyroidism who were clinically well while receiving L-T4 therapy. Thyroxine concentrations were significantly higher than those of controls (p less than 0.01), while triiodothyronine was not significantly different. These samples were divided into four groups according to serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations as measured by highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA-TSH). Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were compared among groups. The replacement dose of L-T4 and serum thyroid hormone in groups with undetectable IRMA-TSH were significantly higher than those in groups with normal or increased IRMA-TSH. These results show that serum thyroxine concentrations increase in most patients with congenital hypothyroidism on L-T4 therapy. Therefore, thyroxine concentrations above normal are not necessarily of clinical significance if IRMA-TSH is detectable. Undetectable IRMA-TSH might indicate the necessity for a reduction in the L-T4 replacement dose in patients with congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 3215143 TI - Estrogen binding component in the pilosebaceous tumor developed in Suncus murinus. AB - We transplanted a pilosebaceous tumor developed on the sidegland of Suncus murinus to male nude athymic (BALB/c-nu/nu) mice. This tumor can be transplanted to female hosts as well, with a lower rate of graft-taking and slower growth rate. In this study we demonstrated the presence of macromolecules which specifically bind to estrogen. Measurement of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) binding by a dextran-coated charcoal assay revealed that the number of binding sites and the dissociation constant were 22.3 +/- 4.6 fmol/mg protein and 1.4 +/- 0.24 X 10(-9) M, respectively. This binding was specific for E2 and diethylstilbestrol (DES). Sucrose gradient centrifugation of the [3H]E2-labeled cytosol yielded a sharp peak of radioactivity at 3.5S-4S under high salt conditions and a 9S peak with a shoulder at 3.5S under low salt conditions. This 3.5S shoulder was due to dissociation of [3H]E2 from the 9S peak during the centrifugation, since only the 9S peak was obtained by postlabeled density gradient analysis. An assay of the in vivo binding of [3H]E2 showed significant radioactivity in the nuclear extract from the tumor. This nuclear uptake was markedly decreased by simultaneous administration of 100-fold excess of E2. In tumor-bearing castrated nude mice, 1 100 micrograms/day of E2 did not affect tumor growth, whereas it counteracted the stimulative effect of testosterone propionate. PMID- 3215144 TI - Concomitant increase in cytosolic free calcium and phosphorylation of myosin light chain by vasoconstrictive hormones in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - Using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator quin-2 to measure the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) and glycerol-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with radioimmunoblotting to assess phosphorylation of 20 k-dalton (Da) myosin light chain (MLC), the effects of angiotensin (A) II and arginine vasopressin (AVP), both potent vasoconstrictive hormones, on changes in [Ca2+]i and phosphorylation levels of 20 k-Da MLC were studied in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). AII and AVP induced immediate (within 1 min) and dose dependent increases in both [Ca2+]i and phosphorylation of 20 k-Da MLC. Pretreatment of VSMC with AII receptor antagonist and V1 receptor antagonist, completely blocked increases in [Ca2+]i by AII and AVP, respectively. Phosphorylation of 20 k-Da MLC stimulated by these agonists was also inhibited by their specific antagonists. These data suggest that receptor-mediated increases in [Ca2+]i by AII and AVP are closely associated with phosphorylation of 20 k-Da MLC in VSMC. The present methods should provide a suitable in vitro cell model for investigation of the molecular mechanism by which vasoactive hormones act on cells to induce contraction of vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 3215146 TI - Reduction in urine C-peptide clearance rate after metabolic control in NIDDM patients. AB - One hour urine C-peptide and creatinine clearance rates were determined simultaneously in 25 hospitalized patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) undergoing sulfonylurea and/or diet treatment. The studies had been performed after an overnight fast on the second day of admission and on a day soon before discharge, with intervals of 18.9 +/- 7.0 days. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values decreased significantly at the second examination as compared to the initial values (FPG: 101 +/- 20 mg/dl vs. 161 +/- 47 mg/dl, p less than 0.005; HbA1c: 7.3 +/- 1.5% vs. 8.4 +/- 1.7%, p less than 0.005). The urine C-peptide clearance rate also decreased significantly after metabolic control (0.75 +/- 0.36 l/hr vs. 1.06 +/- 0.54 l/hr, p less than 0.005). Meanwhile, the urine creatinine clearance rate tended to decrease, but the difference was not significant (3.69 +/- 2.04 l/hr vs. 4.87 +/- 2.98 l/hr) at the second examination. The data suggest that the urine C-peptide clearance rate is susceptible to the effects of the fluctuation of metabolic states in NIDDM patients. In order to use urinary C-peptide for a follow up study of pancreatic B cell secretion, the changes in C-peptide clearance under various metabolic conditions must be taken into account. PMID- 3215145 TI - Effects of low dose L-triiodothyronine administration on mental, behavioural and thyroid states in elderly subjects. AB - Decreased serum T3 concentrations in elderly subjects and their possible relationship with the development of dementia have been indicated. To see the effects of a passive increase in the serum T3 concentration, low dose T3 administration was undertaken. Forty-four subjects from 65 to 93 years of age (average 81.0 +/- 7.8) were divided into 2 groups. The grade of dementia was determined by Hasegawa's dementia rating scale (DR score). In 22 subjects, 25 micrograms per day of T3 was administered for 4 W, while the control group was given a placebo. The DR score was measured before and immediately after the study. Changes in behaviour were monitored in a double-blind fashion. The administration of T3 induced a 0.65 nmol/l increase in serum T3 in 2 W and 0.36 nmol/l in 4 W. These T3 increases were not associated with significant changes in the DR score but 7 of 22 subjects showed apparent improvement in behaviour. TSH was suppressed to less than 1 mU/l in 2 W and then slightly increased by the 4th week, but T4, rT3 and fT4 all showed significant and progressive decreases. The DR score after T3 correlated significantly with the rT3/T4 ratio (before T3: 0.55, changes: +0.50) and also with changes in rT3 (r = 0.49). In conclusion, T3 administration to the elderly subjects was associated with behavioural improvement in some individuals, but the intellectual ability as assessed by the DR score in those with low T3 or elevated rT3 were hardly improved by passive T3 elevation. PMID- 3215147 TI - A case of hypopituitarism due to granulomatous and lymphocytic adenohypophysitis with minimal pituitary enlargement: a possible variant of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. AB - A 47-year-old woman complaining of cold intolerance, general weakness and amenorrhea of 10 months duration was diagnosed, by endocrine examinations, as having panhypopituitarism. Skull x-ray films revealed a slightly enlarged sella with double floor sign and MRI showed a low intensity mass in the pituitary. Transsphenoidal exploration disclosed a degenerated pituitary gland, the histology of which showed a granulomatous lesion with moderate lymphocytic infiltration but containing no multinuclear giant cells. No caseous necrosis, causative microorganisms, or BCG antigen were noted. The present case is considered a variant form of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. PMID- 3215148 TI - Pseudogout associated with primary hyperparathyroidism: management in the immediate postoperative period for prevention of acute pseudogout attack. AB - Three cases of pseudogout associated with primary hyperparathyroidism are reported. Preoperative radiological studies revealed association of pseudogout. Considering the frequent development of acute pseudogout attack following parathyroidectomy, prevention of a sudden decrease in the serum calcium concentration was attempted using calcium supplement therapy starting on the first postoperative day in all three cases. Serum calcium slowly decreased to the normal range, and the postoperative courses were uneventful. From these experiences, we advocate that calcium supplement therapy is worth trying for the prevention of acute pseudogout attack following parathyroidectomy. PMID- 3215149 TI - Distribution of progesterone to the uterus and associated vasculature of cattle. AB - Multiparous dairy cows were sampled to study the concentrations of progesterone in tissue of the uterus and associated vasculature and to determine whether progesterone was delivered to the uterus locally. In study 1, progesterone was greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the first venous branch draining the cranial portion of the uterine cornu adjacent to the vary with a corpus luteum than in jugular blood or in the same vein draining the opposite uterine cornu on day 11 postestrus. Concentrations of progesterone were also greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the cranial than in the caudal half of the uterine cornu adjacent to the luteal-bearing ovary or in the cranial and caudal halves of the opposite uterine cornu. Concentrations of progesterone were also greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the uterine or ovarian arterial tissue adjacent to the ovary with the corpus luteum than in those same vessels on the contralateral side. In a second study, progesterone at 0 h on day 11 postestrus was greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the first venous branch draining the cranial portion of the uterine horn adjacent to the luteal-bearing ovary than in jugular blood, the same vein in the contralateral uterine cornu or in the same uterine vein 48 h after ligation and resection of the oviductal vein adjacent to the ovary with the corpus luteum. It is concluded that progesterone is delivered locally to the uterus and associated vasculature and the route of local delivery appears to be via the oviductal vein. PMID- 3215150 TI - The roles of glucagon and adrenal epinephrine in mediating hyperglycemia induced by third cerebroventricular injection of bombesin. AB - The roles of glucagon and adrenal epinephrine in mediating bombesin-induced central hyperglycemia were further studied in anesthetized rats. Bombesin (10(-9) mol) injected into the third cerebral ventricle produced an increase in plasma concentrations of glucose, glucagon, and epinephrine. Prior bilateral adrenalectomy completely prevented the hyperglucagonemic and hyperglycemic responses to third cerebral ventricle injection of bombesin. These results support the view that bombesin-induced increases in plasma glucose and glucagon are fully dependent on adrenal epinephrine secretion. Furthermore, during constant intravenous infusion of somatostatin, the hyperglycemic response to third cerebral ventricle injection of bombesin was not significantly influenced despite complete inhibition of the increase in plasma glucagon. Therefore, it is suggested that bombesin-induced central hyperglycemia is mainly mediated by epinephrine itself rather than via epinephrine-stimulated glucagon secretion. PMID- 3215151 TI - Lunch induces an increase in the plasma prolactin concentration, but not vasoactive intestinal peptides or cholecystokinin. AB - Ingestion of lunch is known to be associated with acute release of prolactin (PRL). The neuroendocrine mechanism of this release was examined by measuring changes in serum vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) after the noon meal in six normal men. The serum PRL concentration was significantly increased (40% above the level before lunch) from 30 min to 1 h 45 min after beginning to eat. However, the ingestion of lunch had no remarkable effects on the plasma immunoreactive concentration of VIP and CCK. Thus the changes in the plasma concentration of these two gut-brain peptides did not coincided with acute PRL release after ingestion of lunch, suggesting either that these two gut-brain peptides are probably not involved in PRL release after lunch, or that the level of these two gut-brain peptides in the general circulation may not represent that in the hypophyseal portal plasma. PMID- 3215152 TI - Knowledge and beliefs regarding the consequences of cigarette smoking and their relationships to smoking status in a biracial sample. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate carefully smoking-related knowledge and beliefs and their relationships to smoking status in a large, heterogeneous sample of smokers and nonsmokers in two settings: (a) a large, biracial southern city and (b) a small midwestern community. Participants were 611 (198 male, 413 female) adult respondents to a random-dialing telephone survey in Fargo, North Dakota (n = 200), and Memphis, Tennessee (n = 411). Each participant was given the Smoking Attitudes Survey, which assesses generalized health beliefs as well as health-related problems associated with smoking. Participants' knowledge of smoking-associated diseases (e.g., lung cancer) and of diseases not associated with smoking (e.g., kidney stones) was assessed. Stepwise regression analysis of composite knowledge scores revealed four independent predictors of the health consequences of smoking: education, race, smoking status, and income. Smokers, compared to nonsmokers, reported less knowledge related to the health consequences of smoking, were more likely to be male, were less concerned with the health consequences of smoking, and were more concerned about the health consequences of cholesterol. The best predictor of smokers who had never attempted cessation was their greater concern over weight control when compared to smokers with a history of smoking cessation attempts. The results are discussed in terms of smoking prevention and intervention efforts. PMID- 3215153 TI - Changes in smoking behavior after a myocardial infarction. AB - Among 383 participants in a longitudinal study of myocardial infarction (MI) patients, 230 smoked at the time of the MI. Posthospital smoking status was based on self-report for the day of follow-up, whereas information about length of continuous cessation was not available. Six months after the heart attack, 40.6% of the smokers had resumed smoking, whereas 49.4% smoked at a 3- to 5-year (M = 43-month) follow-up. Resumption of smoking within 6 months after the heart attack was associated with an increase in anxiety and depression during the first weeks after discharge, less cardiac health knowledge, and a less severe MI. In patients who relapsed at a later point, resumption of smoking was associated with a subsequent decline in general cardiac health knowledge, as well as in correct understanding of smoking at a risk factor. Long-term changes in smoking status were also related to previous heart disease, premorbid work instability, age, and severity of the MI. The results indicate that antismoking counseling of MI patients should not be limited to the health risks associated with smoking and that training in coping with negative affects without smoking may be valuable in promoting smoking cessation. PMID- 3215154 TI - Mediating effects of family social support on child psychological adjustment in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - This study assessed the mediating effects of social support on psychological adjustment in children having to cope with the ongoing chronic strain of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Disease activity, family social support, and peer social support were entered into hierarchical multiple regression analyses to statistically predict internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Family social support was a statistically significant predictor of child psychological adjustment for both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, accounting for 22% of the variance in each. These findings are consistent with the stress social support-psychological adjustment relationship that has received empirical attention in studies on physically healthy children. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for primary and secondary prevention efforts for those chronically ill and handicapped children who are at increased risk for psychological adjustment problems. PMID- 3215155 TI - Hospitalization stress in children: sensitizer and repressor coping styles. AB - To examine the effects of individual sensitizer/repressor coping styles on responses to hospital procedures, 56 children (mean age = 6.5 years) were observed during hospitalization for minor surgery. Although the sensitizer children, as classified by their mothers, did not differ from the repressor children on baseline measures including hospital preparation, they were more talkative, expressive, and active during hospital play observations. During blood tests and preoperative injections, the sensitizers, compared with the repressors, were reported by their mothers to observe the procedures, to seek additional information about the procedures, and to show more protest behaviors. Finally, the sensitizer children required fewer hours of intensive care. PMID- 3215156 TI - Cynical hostility and vulnerability to disease: social support, life stress, and physiological response to conflict. AB - Previous research has indicated that high scores on the Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scale are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and other illness. Our study attempts to clarify this relationship by providing additional evidence concerning the construct assessed by the Ho scale, examining the level of physiological reactivity during interpersonal conflict in high- and low-Ho groups, and assessing the psychosocial profile associated with this characteristic. Extremely high and low Ho groups were selected from a pool of male undergraduates. Consistent with previous findings, high-Ho participants reported greater anger proneness and a more cynical, disparaging view of others than did low-Ho participants. The high-Ho group also tended to be more hostile and less friendly during role-played interactions involving high and low levels of interpersonal conflict, respectively. High-Ho persons also displayed greater diastolic blood pressure reactivity during interpersonal conflict. Finally, the high-Ho group reported less social support and more negative life events and daily irritants then did the low-Ho group. These results support the interpretation of the Ho scale as a measure of cynical hostility and are consistent with the hypothesis that it is related to disease by way of excessive physiological reactivity and a generally stressful, unsupportive social network. PMID- 3215157 TI - Smoking, caffeine, and stress: effects on blood pressure and heart rate in male and female college students. AB - This study examined the independent and joint effects of cigarette smoking and caffeine consumption on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) reactions to stress in male and female college students. Following an initial physiological baseline, participants received one of four experimental treatments (paced smoking, caffeine, smoking plus caffeine, or neither) and had BP and HR measured before, during, and after two stressful tasks. The results revealed that, compared with the control condition, caffeine ingestion enhanced the magnitude of stress-induced systolic BP and HR reactions. Smoking combined additively with stress, and the joint effect of smoking and caffeine was no greater than either taken alone. Males and females were generally similar in their BP and HR responses to smoking, caffeine, and stress. Inconsistencies with previous research and possible physiological mechanisms underlying the observed effects are discussed. PMID- 3215158 TI - Psychophysiological reactivity to mental arithmetic stress in black and white normotensive men. AB - Racial differences in physiological responses to a behavioral stressor were examined. Thirty-four Black and 42 White male normotensives 34 to 55 years old (mean age = 43.01 years) performed a mental arithmetic task while blood pressure, heart rate, and skin conductance were recorded. Compared to Whites, Blacks had significantly higher baseline diastolic blood pressure (77.93 mm Hg vs. 73.11 mm Hg) and lower skin conductance levels (11.08 microS vs. 12.25 microS). These effects persisted during performance of the mental arithmetic task. However, when baseline differences were covaried, there were no significant physiological effects associated with the task. Analysis of changes in response levels from baseline revealed a nonsignificant trend for Whites to show greater increases in systolic blood pressure than Blacks. There were no significant race or family history effects. Further, task performance did not influence the outcome. Failure to demonstrate greater cardiovascular reactivity in Blacks and all men with a positive family history of hypertension is discussed with regard to possible "survivor effects" and methodologic limitations. PMID- 3215159 TI - Mental and physical stress as moderators of the postural response in insulin dependent diabetic patients. AB - Two simple stressors, mental arithmetic and isometric handgrip, were studied as moderators of the physiological response to standing in insulin-dependent diabetic patients and in healthy controls. Continuous (beat-to-beat) measures were taken of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and skin conductance (SC) during postural change under baseline and stressor conditions. Diabetic patients without symptoms of neuropathy and healthy controls showed generally similar responses to postural change and to the stressor conditions. SBP and DBP were more responsive to the mental and physical stressors than were HR or SC, especially after standing. Two diabetic patients with postural hypotension showed significant increases in overall BP levels and less of a fall in BP during postural change under the stressor conditions, despite minimal HR or SC responses. Results indicate that these strategies are effective in increasing BP during postural change in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals and may be useful in the management of orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 3215160 TI - Preventing weight gain in adults: a pound of prevention. AB - This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a program for weight gain prevention in normal-weight adults. Two hundred nineteen participants were randomized to either weight gain prevention treatment or no treatment for a period of 12 months. Those in the treatment group received monthly newsletters relating to weight management, participated in a financial incentive system, and were offered an optional four-session education course in the sixth month of the program. Results demonstrated high interest in weight gain prevention among individuals who were not objectively overweight. Participation, as measured by return of postcards sent with each newsletter, was approximately 75%. Results after 1 year showed a net weight loss in the group receiving the program of 1.8 lb compared to those in the control group. Eighty-two percent of program participants maintained or lost weight, compared to 56% of the control group. It is concluded that programs for weight gain prevention are feasible in adults and may be more effective than weight loss treatment programs in addressing the problem of community-wide obesity. PMID- 3215161 TI - A comparison of alternative theoretical approaches to smoking cessation and relapse. AB - Two theoretical approaches to smoking cessation were compared. Participants were randomly assigned either to (a) a traditional treatment program that used contingency contracting and that emphasized the necessity for absolute abstinence (AA) or to (b) a relapse-prevention (RP) treatment that focused on gradual acquisition of nonsmoking skills. It was hypothesized that participants in the RP treatment would be less successful initially but would have better maintenance skills and thus would relapse less during a 1-year follow-up period. Each program was evaluated in two formats: group-based treatment and self-help materials. Results indicated comparable 1-year abstinence rates for all treatments, although more participants dropped out of the self-help formats. Participants in the RP intervention were more likely to lapse sooner after quitting and were more likely to quit again during the 1-year maintenance period. Exploratory analyses of successful participants suggested that women were more successful in the RP program and that men had greater success with the AA approach. PMID- 3215162 TI - Program adherence and coping strategies as predictors of success in a smoking treatment program. AB - Ninety-four participants in a 6-week behaviorally oriented smoking cessation program were administered weekly questionnaires assessing their use of the major program recommendations and other quitting strategies throughout treatment. An "affect-regulation" coping inventory was administered at the beginning and end of treatment as well. Adequate adherence was reported for most of the program recommendations. Although a composite measure of adherence did not predict quitting success, adherence and coping assessments were associated with maintenance of treatment gains. Short-term maintenance was associated with an extensive affect-regulation repertoire and use of "stimulus control" strategies during the program, and long-term maintenance was associated with consistent self monitoring of smoking during treatment. These prospective findings highlight some behavioral characteristics that may be useful targets in future efforts to foster maintenance of smoking behavior change. PMID- 3215163 TI - Factors associated with participation, attrition, and outcome in a smoking cessation program at the workplace. AB - Despite their growing popularity, worksite health-promotion programs have generally been characterized as having low participation rates, high attrition rates, and modest outcomes. This investigation identified the predictors of participation, attrition, and outcome of worksite smoking-cessation program. Subjects were regular cigarette smokers recruited from two worksites. Of 66 eligible smokers in the two worksites, 44 (67%) agreed to participate in the program. Fifty-five percent (24 of 44) of these completed the program. Of those completing the program, 29% had quit smoking by posttest and 17% were abstinent at the 6-month follow-up. Results indicated that a different set of variables predicted participation, attrition, and outcome. The significant predictors of smokers who participated were the length of cessation in previous abstinence attempts, the number of years they smoked, and the belief regarding personal vulnerability in contracting a smoking-related disease. Levels of pretest carbon monoxide along with attitudes regarding the adoption of smoking restrictions in the worksite predicted attrition. Posttest cessation was related to nicotine levels of cigarette brand smoked at pretest and pretest beliefs regarding postcessation weight gain. Abstinence at the 6-month follow-up was predicted by the number of co-workers who smoked and pretest concerns related to postcessation weight gain. The results are discussed in terms of future evaluation and intervention efforts. PMID- 3215164 TI - Continuous absorbable suture pattern in the closure of ventral midline abdominal incisions in horses. AB - A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the healing of ventral midline abdominal incisions, closed with a simple continuous suture pattern using absorbable suture material, in 139 horses and foals. Dehiscence and incisional hernia developed separately in two horses. The low incidence of dehiscence and incisional hernia, compared with their reported incidence following the use of interrupted suture repair, leads the authors to recommend this alternative method of abdominal incision closure in horses. The security of closure is not sacrificed and the advantages of a rapid closure are desirable. PMID- 3215165 TI - The nutritional status of pregnant and non-pregnant mares grazing South East Queensland pastures. AB - It has been reported that the increasing nutritional demands from mid to late pregnancy of grazing mares may not be met when these stages of gestation coincide with pastures being affected by frost. It was established in this study that grass/legume pastures could support the nutritional requirements of brood mares by providing digestible energy intakes of 68.0 and 91.7 MJ/day and digestible nitrogen intake of 91.2 and 138 g/day during mid and late pregnancy, respectively. PMID- 3215166 TI - A method for reproducing fatal idiopathic colitis (colitis X) in ponies and isolation of a clostridium as a possible agent. AB - Severe colitis was induced in two ponies after oral pretreatment with clindamycin and lincomycin, followed by intestinal content from two horses which had died from naturally-occurring idiopathic colitis. Two ponies treated with antibiotic alone, and two ponies treated with intestinal content alone, were unaffected. In a further study, three ponies treated on separate occasions with lincomycin, administered orally, died or were destroyed 67 to 72 h after initial treatment. No established salmonella, yersinia or campylobacter pathogens were isolated from these ponies, but a clostridium closely resembling Clostridium cadaveris was isolated as the predominant clostridium from them all and from the colonic content of one of six horses which died from naturally-occurring idiopathic colitis. It was not isolated from six horses with non-fatal diarrhoea. This clostridium is a candidate as an agent of some cases of fatal colitis in horses. PMID- 3215167 TI - Macrophage clearance of 125I-labelled polyvinyl pyrrolidone in the horse: effect of ovarian steroids and persistent endometritis. AB - The rate of clearance of 125I-labelled polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) from blood was measured in mares as an indicator of macrophage function. In three out of four cycling mares, PVP clearance was slower during oestrus than dioestrus. Similarly, administration of oestrogen to four ovariectomised mares tended to depress PVP clearance compared with clearance from the same mares before they received oestrogen. However, the effect of oestrogen was not statistically significant. Mares susceptible to persistent endometritis had rates of PVP clearance which were similar to those of genitally normal mares. PMID- 3215168 TI - Preferred landing sites of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on a horse in Israel and its relevance to summer seasonal recurrent dermatitis (sweet itch). AB - Six hundred and twenty culicoides of five species were collected from a bait horse at Kannot, Israel, between April and September 1986. Seventy-two per cent of the midges were collected from the belly and 27 per cent from the dorsal aspect of the body, ie, the sweet itch summer seasonal recurrent dermatitis (SSRD) zone. Midges were active mainly from half an hour prior to half an hour after sunset. Only Culicoides puncticollis, C imicola and C schultzei group were collected in considerable numbers. While C imicola was present continuously throughout the season, the appearance of the two other species was intermittent. Ninety-five per cent of C schultzei group and approximately 100 per cent of the C puncticollis prefer to land on and most probably bite the belly. Culicoides imicola showed a clear preference for the dorsal ridge which overlaps the (SSRD) itch zone, and 70 per cent of the midges were collected there, while 28 per cent were collected from the belly. A considerably high proportion of the midges of this species were parous, ie, part of the population lived long enough to bite more than once. Skin temperature measurements showed the belly to be the warmest part of the body. Wind speeds of two to three knots reduced the number of midges collected. The findings of this study, together with a previous one (Braverman et al 1983), incriminate C imicola as the likely principal agent of SSRD in Israel. PMID- 3215169 TI - Circulatory and muscle metabolic responses to draught work compared to increasing trotting velocities. AB - Circulatory and muscle metabolic responses were studied in 10 horses which all performed incremental draught work at a low trotting speed on a treadmill (D test) and also exercise with gradually increasing velocities (S-test). Exercise was continued until the horses could no longer maintain the weights above the floor or maintain speed trotting without changing gait to a gallop. Muscle biopsies were taken from the gluteus and the semitendinosus muscles before, and immediately after, exercise. The heart rate (HR) increased linearly with both increasing draught resistance and velocity and reached mean values of 212 and 203 beats/min, respectively. Blood lactate levels increased exponentially to mean values of 12.9 and 7.9 mmol/litre in the two tests. Both HR and blood lactate levels were significantly higher at the cessation of work in the D-test compared to the S-test. The relationship between HR and blood lactate response in the S test was similar to that in the D-test. The red cell volume was determined after a standardised exercise tolerance test and was significantly correlated both to the weightloading and to the velocity, producing a HR of 200 beats/min. The changes seen in muscle glycogen and glucose-6-phosphate were similar in the two tests, whereas significantly higher lactate levels and lower creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate levels were seen in the D-test compared to the S-test. It was concluded that high oxidative capacity is of importance both for fast trotting and for draught work.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215170 TI - Sequelae of myelography in the horse. AB - The records of 131 horses undergoing general anaesthesia and positive contrast cervical myelography with metrizamide were examined to determine the effect of the procedure on the 'patient'. Three per cent of minimally ataxic and moderately ataxic horses had serious complications after myelography. Thirty-two per cent of severely ataxic horses died or were destroyed after general anaesthesia and myelography. Although general anaesthesia and myelography are essential components of a complete neurological evaluation of a horse, they impose a significant risk. PMID- 3215171 TI - Fibrinogen response to surgical tissue trauma in the horse. PMID- 3215172 TI - BCG emulsion immunotherapy of equine sarcoid. AB - Of 61 horses with sarcoids treated with intralesional injection of a double emulsion incorporating inactivated bacillus Calmette Guerin organisms, 36 (59 per cent) showed complete regression and 11 (18 per cent) showed partial regression. The majority of cases required only one treatment. Not all sarcoids were responsive to this therapy; those not responding were usually large or on horses with multiple sarcoids. PMID- 3215173 TI - Equine neutrophil locomotion in response to Streptococcus zooepidemicus. AB - The neutrophil is involved in the defence of the mare's uterus against micro organisms. The ability of Streptococcus zooepidemicus and its growth products to induce shape changes or directional locomotion (chemotaxis) of equine neutrophils was investigated; no effect was found. PMID- 3215174 TI - The use of creatinine clearance ratios in the prevention of equine rhabdomyolysis: a report of four cases. PMID- 3215175 TI - Ectopic ureter managed by unilateral nephrectomy in two female horses. AB - Unilateral ureteral ectopia was diagnosed in three-year-old and 10-month-old fillies exhibiting urinary incontinence since birth. In one case reimplantation of the ureter onto the bladder was planned but considered to be impractical intra operatively. Unilateral nephrectomy was performed successfully in both cases which alleviated the urinary incontinence. Both horses had normal urinary function postoperatively and became healthy, serviceable animals. PMID- 3215176 TI - Outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy without [corrected] postoperative domiciliary care in a developing country: a prospective clinical study in adult Nigerians. PMID- 3215177 TI - Heat shock and the relative hexokinase activity of Leishmania aethiopica and Leishmania donovani. PMID- 3215178 TI - Serological survey of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Ethiopia. PMID- 3215179 TI - Evaluation of performance of medical students, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University. PMID- 3215180 TI - Endomyocardial fibrosis in Ethiopia. PMID- 3215181 TI - Scurvy in a child aged 3 years and 8 months. PMID- 3215182 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of DISIDA disposition. I. Animal studies. AB - The whole blood pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered 99mTc-disofenin (DISIDA) have been studied in dogs. Serial blood sampling permitted calculation of whole blood disposition rates, which principally represent liver clearance. There were striking differences in these rates between 6 normals and 7 animals in whom liver damage was induced by chronic bile duct ligation (256 vs 58 ml/min, P less than 0.001). Blood levels of radioactivity fell in a biexponential fashion characterized by rapid and slow disposition phases, whose half times were 2.4 and 58 min in normal animals. On 3 occasions, plasma was obtained from 1 animal by exsanguination 35 min after the administration of DISIDA and rapidly transfused into a 2nd animal. The whole blood pharmacokinetics of the second (recipient) animal showed a predominance of the slow disposition phase and a small rapid phase. The hepatic extraction ratio of blood radioactivity was measured in 3 dogs and was high (75%-90%) early after injection of DISIDA, but fell rapidly to remain around 10%. These experiments suggest the presence of two different species in the radiopharmaceutical studied, each being removed from the blood stream by the liver, but at different rates. The contribution of renal clearance to overall whole blood pharmacokinetics was negligible, since three nephrectomized dogs displayed similar pharmacokinetics to normals. Whole blood DISIDA pharmacokinetics are more complex than previously thought but appear to be capable of providing an accurate measure of liver function. PMID- 3215183 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of DISIDA disposition. II. Clinical studies. AB - The whole blood pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered 99mTc-disofenin (DISIDA) has been studied in normal subjects and patients with documented liver disease. The apparent overall whole blood disposition rates of radioactivity were calculated from serial blood data, in order to evaluate liver clearance of DISIDA. The measurements obtained clearly discriminated 9 normal subjects from 7 patients with severe liver disease causing jaundice--1233 mls/min vs 384 mls/min (P less than 0.002). Nine subjects with liver disease of insufficient severity to cause jaundice also had clearly abnormal DISIDA disposition--642 ml/min (P less than 0.05 for difference to controls). The time activity curves from all subjects showed biexponential elimination of blood activity, with a rapid (T1/2 = 3.8 min) and a slow disposition phase (T1/2 = 75 min) in normals. These curves were fitted by computer to the timed rate of hepatic uptake, simultaneously obtained by gamma imaging over the liver. It was not possible to satisfactorily fit these using a model which assumed distribution of a single compound within two body compartments. However, another which assumed the administration of two radioactive agents satisfactorily fitted the two types of data. This conclusion is consistent with our animal experiments which indicate the existence of two compounds in injected DISIDA with contrasting high and low hepatic extraction efficiency (Fraser et al. 1988). A pharmacokinetic approach to DISIDA disposition can yield quantitative information which discriminates different degrees of liver dysfunction, but the mechanisms involved are more complicated than previously thought, so that further study should permit very precise quantification. PMID- 3215184 TI - Evaluation of six new 99mTc-IDA agents for hepatobiliary imaging. AB - IDA derivatives of three substituted benzothiazol, and two substituted chlorophenyl and one substituted pyrazoline compounds have been labeled with 99mTc and screened with four rat models with hepatocellular dysfunction manifesting varying degrees of change of liver architecture and hepatocellular damage associated with an active parenchymal destruction, fatty metamorphosis and cirrhosis. Organ distribution studies at 1 h postinjection have been compared in normal and diseased animal models for each agent labeled with 99mTc and with 99mTc-Disofenin (Disida) and Lidofenin (Hida) and 131I-Rose Bengal. From the data obtained with the six new IDA derivatives, the distribution kinetics of 99mTc Arclophenin, (N-N'-2-benzoyl-4-chlorophenyl)carbamoylmethyl) imino diacetic acid (Phenida), are closely comparable to 99mTc-Disofenin in all animal models. Crossover patient studies (n = 14) for clinical evaluation of 99mTc-Arclophenin vs 99mTc-Disofenin indicate the close similarity of the 2 agents with regard to blood pool retention, gross liver/heart ratios and liver washout, suggesting Arclofenin as a suitable agent for hepatobiliary function studies. The impaired hepatocellular animal models presented should serve for fast screening of hepatobiliary agents and enable comparison of a series of closely related compounds. PMID- 3215185 TI - 99mTc-HM-PAO and 123I-amphetamine cerebral scintigraphy: a new, non invasive method in determination of brain death in children. AB - Determination of brain death in infants and children is difficult and criteria used in adult brain death are regarded insufficient in pediatric cases. In comatose children, clinical signs of brain death and EEG monitoring may be of limited value, while intercerebral blood flow estimations can provide more direct information. Beside radionuclide bolus angiography of polar radiopharmaceuticals with sequential technique, two radioisotopes are introduced for static brain images. Injection of 123I-amphetamine or the 99mTc labelled lipophilic complex HM PAO into the peripheral venous circulation enables more precise static imaging of parenchymatous brain perfusion and cellular function in contrast to conventional dynamic imaging because of retention in the intact brain parenchyma. Critical deficits or complete loss of cerebral perfusion can be readily documented. These studies are particularly helpful when clinical signs and EEG alone cannot establish the definite diagnosis of brain death. Their easy application and wide availability renders them especially useful in children. PMID- 3215186 TI - Significance of gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography in quantification and follow up of valvular regurgitation. AB - In order to evaluate the significance of gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) for non invasive quantification of valvular regurgitation and follow up, various approaches were tested concerning accuracy and reproducibility. By using in vitro labeling of red blood cells and extending the acquisition time, a clear reduction of dispersion was obtained in patients without valvular insufficiency. Quantification of regurgitation directly from functional images (ventricular amplitude or stroke volume image) was clearly superior compared to the variable region of interest method. Employing functional images, reproducibility between two observers and between two independent measurements was excellent. Correlation to regurgitation values determined by cardiac catheterization was only moderate with all RNV approaches tested. RNV is limited in the absolute quantification of valvular regurgitation due to the variable overlap of right atrium and right ventricle. However, because of its high reproducibility, RNV is a non invasive technique suitable for intraindividual follow up of patients with valvular insufficiency. PMID- 3215188 TI - The validity of radiolabeled anti fibrin antibody for deep vein thrombosis imaging. AB - Having previously established the specificity of a newly developed radiolabeled polyclonal anti fibrin antibody (AFA) for tagging fibrin depositions, clinical experiments for validation of this agent for imaging deep vein thromboses (DVT) were carried out in comparison with labeled human serum albumin (HSA) and labeled platelets. Patients with DVT were studied with dual tracers on a computerized scintillation camera, four with simultaneous application of 131I-AFA and 99mTc HSA, and eight with 131I-AFA and 111In-platelets. The results showed that: a) Labeled AFA predominantly delineated thrombi while labeled HSA prevailingly delineated blood pool within a particular vein. b) Labeled AFA was found to be superior in both ways to labeled platelets for DVT imaging, i.e. by imaging effect and by semiquantitative "thrombus:blood pool" (obtained in counts/pixel) ratio index (RI). Average RI with SD obtained with labeled AFA (9 patients) was 2.44 +/- 0.48 and 1.55 +/- 0.27 with labeled platelets (7 patients). The results indicate that a monoclonal AFA, if labeled with 99mTc, 111In or 123I, might have potential for an optimum agent for DVT imaging. PMID- 3215187 TI - Automatic drawing of the left epicardial region of interest on thallium 201 scintigraphic images. AB - An algorithm has been written which automatically selects a left epicardial region of interest on 201Tl myocardial images. It accomplishes a radial search from the geometric center of the myocardium. On each of the 30 profiles, the local maximum of the 1st derivative is selected as the epicardial edge. The algorithm has been tested in 40 patients at stress and redistribution. In ten patients, conventional planar images were obtained in three views. In 30 patients conventional short axis tomographic images were obtained after reconstruction of 32 projections acquired over 180 degrees. The rate of success is 97% for both imaging modalities. This procedure is another step towards fully automated assessment of myocardial defects and redistribution. PMID- 3215189 TI - The scintigraphic Murphy sign. AB - Focal gallbladder tenderness is the most important physical finding in suspected acute cholecystitis. We describe a technique using palpation of the abdomen with the placement of a radioactive marker on the point of maximum tenderness. Correlation of the marked area to the location of the gallbladder fossa is made. This integration of palpation and scintigraphy might enhance the cholescintigraphic diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. PMID- 3215190 TI - Effect of imaging time on the values of the sacroiliac index. AB - Quantitative scintigraphy of the sacroiliac joints was performed in a group of normal subjects and a group of subjects with unilateral and bilateral sacroiliitis. The aim of the study was to determine whether the time intervals of imaging had any effect on the values of the sacroiliac index. Imaging was performed every 30 min up to 300 min and the indices were calculated at the time intervals mentioned. We found that the values of the sacroiliac index increased in the group of normal subjects until 150 min after the application of the radiopharmaceutical, and that in the group of subjects who had sacroiliitis they increased until 210 min. The results show that the time interval optimal to quantitative sacroiliac joint imaging is at least 3 1/2 h after administration of the radiopharmaceutical. PMID- 3215191 TI - A rat model for imaging the effect of anti mouse antibody responses on the biodistribution of radiolabelled mouse monoclonal antibodies. AB - Rats were injected both intradermally and intravenously with an IgG2b mouse monoclonal antibody (791T/36) and subsequently the biodistribution of intravenously injected 111In labelled antibody was examined by gamma camera imaging in these and control rats. The majority of pretreated rats showed a marked perturbation of the biodistribution of the radiolabelled antibody with a marked increase of the tracer in the liver. There was similar perturbation of the biodistribution of subsequently administered 111In labelled Fab fragment of the 791T/36 antibody and of another IgG2b monoclonal antibody. In contrast, there was little influence on the biodistribution of IgG2a or IgG1 monoclonal antibodies, indicating that the response in the rats was predominantly against the IgG2b isotype. This rat model system is amenable to examination of a number of aspects of the biological consequences of immune responses to foreign immunoglobulins relevant to their use for clinical imaging. PMID- 3215192 TI - Enhanced therapeutic tumour dose of 131I-MIBG by accelerated diuresis. AB - Different biokinetics of intravenously (i.v.) administered 131I-MIBG in the same patient, a child with abdominal neuroblastoma, is demonstrated with and without accelerated elimination by means of hyperhydration. By hyperhydration it was possible to increase the estimated tumour dose by a factor of 2.1 without affecting the whole body dose. The present results indicate that, if accelerated diuresis is implemented, higher radioactivity of 131I-MIBG can be administered and thereby an increased therapeutic tumour dose achieved. PMID- 3215194 TI - Cardiomyopathy associated with carnitine loss in kidneys and small intestine. AB - A boy was first seen at the age of 1 year on account of congestive cardiomyopathy. Growth and development had been normal. Total plasma carnitine was extremely low (1.8 mumol/l; normal range: 25-64 mumol/l). No hypoglycaemia, lactic acidaemia or dicarboxylic aciduria were found. Other laboratory findings were unremarkable except for a slight deficiency in iron, vitamin D and vitamin E. Total muscle carnitine was 1.5% of normal; however, no signs or symptoms of myopathy could be detected. After carnitine loading, liver carnitine increased to 24% of normal. Isolated muscle mitochondria showed decreased oxidative capacity with all substrates tested. Stimulation of O2 uptake by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was decreased. After loading with both intravenous and oral carnitine, there was a rise in plasma carnitine and a rapid loss in the urine and the faeces. These findings suggest a defect in the brush border carnitine transport system of the kidneys and of the small intestine. Renal clearance of carnitine was abnormally high. Therapy with 1 g oral L-carnitine/kg per day was instituted without any problems and the cardiac disease resolved within 3 months. The parents and the patient's five sibs also had low plasma carnitine but displayed no cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3215193 TI - Right ventricular performance and pulmonary haemodynamics in adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - A combined haemodynamic and radionuclide approach was used to evaluate right ventricular performance in 16 adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). There were nine patients with mild arterial hypoxaemia (PaO2 greater than 80% of predicted) and normal resting pulmonary artery pressure and seven patients with severe arterial hypoxaemia (PaO2 less than 70% of predicted) and resting pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH). The right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) by equilibrium angiocardiography using krypton 81m as a tracer and stroke volume index (SVI) by thermodilution techniques were measured simultaneously and right ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were derived. RVEF was normal in CF patients without PH (58.9 +/- 7.2%) but was reduced in those with PH (45.4 +/- 2.6%). There was a statistically significant inverse linear correlation between RVEF and afterload as assessed by mean pulmonary artery pressure (Pap: r = -0.76) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR: r = -0.78), indicating that RVEF ist afterload-dependent. Right ventricular function, however, as assessed by right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relations was even higher in CF patients with PH, indicating preserved or even increased right ventricular function in the face of an increased afterload stress. PMID- 3215195 TI - Arteriovenous haemangioma of the joint capsule of the knee in a child. AB - We report a rare case of arteriovenous haemangioma of the knee joint in a girl. This treatable entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of nonspecific recurrent knee swelling or pain in children. PMID- 3215196 TI - Carditis complicating inflammatory bowel disease in children. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A 10-year-old child with ulcerative colitis is described who during the quiescent phase of his disease suffered from pericarditis with pleuropericardial effusion. The literature on cardiac involvement in inflammatory bowel disease is reviewed with emphasis on the paediatric age group. PMID- 3215197 TI - Acute rheumatic fever in the young: changing prevalence and pattern. AB - Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is rare in young people. A group of 28 patients is described who were hospitalized during the years 1960-1984. Patients were divided into two groups: children who were admitted between 1960 and 1966 and those admitted between 1966 and 1984. The annual incidence of ARF declined from 1.17 to 0.44 cases per 10,000 population at risk. The incidence of arthritis declined in parallel to the decrease in number of children presenting with ARF, whereas the incidence of carditis remained the same. PMID- 3215198 TI - Noonan syndrome: growth and clinical manifestations in 144 cases. AB - We have analysed growth and the major clinical manifestations of 144 patients (89 males, 55 females) with Noonan syndrome from two West German centres. Size at birth was normal in both sexes. In both males and females, the mean height followed along the 3rd per centile until puberty, but decreased transiently due to an approximately 2 year delay in onset of puberty. Final height approaches the lower limits of normal at the end of the 2nd decade of life. The mean adult height was found to be (n = 20) 162.5 cm in males and (n = 13) 152.7 cm in females, respectively. Smoothed means and standard deviations for height were derived. These data may be used for the statistical evaluation of height of Noonan syndrome patients. Except for mental retardation and microcephaly, which are more frequent in males, the relative frequencies of minor anomalies and malformations were found to be similar in both sexes. The characteristic non cyanotic heart defects in the Noonan syndrome do not appear to have a major influence on growth. The auxological data were compared with those in the Ullrich Turner syndrome. PMID- 3215199 TI - Report on a new patient with combined deficiencies of sulphite oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase due to molybdenum cofactor deficiency. AB - A newborn infant exhibiting seizures and spastic tetraparesis at the age of 1 week was shown to excrete excessive quantities of sulphite, taurine, S sulphocysteine and thiosulphate, characteristic of sulphite oxidase deficiency. In addition, increased renal excretion of xanthine and hypoxanthine combined with a low serum and urinary uric acid was consistent with xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency. Both deficiencies could be established at the enzyme level. The primary defect giving rise to the combined abnormalities is the absence of a molybdenum cofactor, a molybdenum-containing pterin being an essential component of both enzymes. The patient developed a severe neurological syndrome, brain atrophy and lens dislocation and died at the age of 22 months. Attempts at treatment, such as oral administration of ammonium molybdate, sodium sulphate, D penicillamine, 2-mercaptoethane sulphonic acid, pyridoxine and thiamine did not influence the clinical course. PMID- 3215201 TI - Transient hyperphosphatasaemia of infancy. AB - In five patients with benign transient hyperphosphatasaemia (THP), high activities of so-called "atypical" alkaline phosphatase or fragment isoenzymes were detected. One case occurred after rotavirus infection. Incubation with neuraminidase suggested that "atypical" alkaline phosphatase originated from highly glycosylated bone and liver isoenzymes. This may have been due to virus induced low isoenzyme clearance from serum. The course of isoenzyme activities in THP following rotavirus infection was followed. Determination of atypical alkaline phosphatase may be useful in the diagnosis of THP. PMID- 3215200 TI - Postnatal course of plasma levels of adrenocortical steroids in premature infants with and without NaCl supplementation. AB - To assess the adrenocortical response of premature infants to alterations in sodium balance, the postnatal course of plasma progesterone, 11 deoxycorticosterone, corticosteronoe, aldosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11 deoxycortisol, cortisol and cortisone was compared in healthy premature infants kept on low (1-2 mEq/kg per day) or high (3-5 mEq/kg per day) sodium diet. The mean birthweight (1470 g, range: 1210-1670 g vs 1410 g, range: 1130-1750 g) and mean gestational age (30.5 weeks, range: 29-32 weeks vs 30.2 weeks, range: 28-32 weeks) in the low and high sodium groups, respectively, were similar. Simultaneous steroid hormone measurements were made weekly up to the 5th week of life using mechanized Sephadex LH-20 multicolumn chromatography and standardized radioimmunoassays. It was demonstrated that in response to renal salt wasting and negative sodium balance there was a significant rise in plasma aldosterone concentration. The plasma levels of other individual corticosteroids generally declined with advancing age, the initial fall, however, was followed by a transient and insignificant but simultaneous increase in 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, cortisone and corticosterone in prematures on low a sodium diet. This effect could be prevented by giving NaCl supplement. The NaCl-suppressible increase in adrenocortical activity may be the result of the combined effect of stress or angiotensin 11-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release and/or prolactin-mediated enhanced adrenal response to ACTH. PMID- 3215202 TI - Preliminary data on a field study with a new hypo-allergic formula. AB - The incidence of atopic manifestations due to cow's milk proteins was analysed in five groups of 15 newborns considered to be at risk for atopy because of a positive family history. All infants were studied over a 4-month period. The infants received either an adapted formula (AdFo), breast milk or a new hypo allergic formula (HAF). Atopic manifestations appeared in 1 out of 15 breast-fed infants compared with 18 out of 45 infants fed with an AdFo. None of the infants receiving the HAF (exclusively from birth for 2-4 months) developed symptoms of atopy. Symptoms in each infant receiving an AdFo (n = 18) disappeared with the HAF. Although the results of this study are promising, data on a larger population and double-blind investigations are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. PMID- 3215203 TI - Theophylline pharmacokinetics in children, comparing sustained release spheres (Theo-Dur sprinkle) with elixir. AB - A new sustained release theophylline preparation (Theo-Dur Sprinkle, TDS) was given b.i.d. and a theophylline elixir t.i.d. to eight children with bronchial asthma, 4-10 years of age, in an open study with a randomized cross over design. The serum concentration curves of theophylline were compared. The individual theophylline dose was close to 20 mg/kg body weight per day. On day 3 of each regimen, blood samples were taken 11 times over 24 h. There were great differences between morning concentrations of theophylline, with a range from 0.9 10.7 mg/l in children given elixir, while corresponding values for children given TDS were 4.1-19.3 mg/l. Fluctuation during a dosing interval was 276% for elixir but only 54% in the case of TDS. The morning theophylline levels on two consecutive days did not differ significantly when the children were treated with TDS. The bioavailability of theophylline from TDS was 94% (range 54%-121%). Parents preferred TDS in seven of the eight cases. TDS showed satisfactory sustained release properties but the study confirmed the need for individually tailored dosage of theophylline based on monitoring of symptoms and serum concentrations. PMID- 3215204 TI - Intracranial sarcoma with reactive glioma: a clinicopathological case report. AB - The clinicopathologic picture of a case of so-called 'sarcoglioma' is reported. This tumor is characterized by a core of sarcomatous tissue, surrounded by an area of gradual transition from reactive to neoplastic glial cells; it occurs in children or in young adults and is very rare in comparison with the secondary sarcoma deriving from the vascular component of a glioblastoma (so-called 'gliosarcoma'). The clinical and laboratory features and the pathology of this case are discussed in detail. PMID- 3215205 TI - Chronic ergotamine abuse: evidence of functional impairment of long ascending spinal tracts. AB - 22 migraine patients with a history of chronic ergotamine abuse were compared with 12 patients with a similar intake of dihydroergotamine. The study of somatosensory-evoked potentials showed that 50% of the patients with a history of ergotamine abuse had increased central conduction times after stimulation of the tibial nerve. Corticomotoneuronal latencies obtained by noninvasive electrical stimulation of the motor cortex were normal in 5 patients. The functional sensory deficits were not related to clinical impairment and were more frequently observed in patients with a comparatively high mean daily and cumulative intake. PMID- 3215206 TI - Postradiation segmental myoclonus selectively inhibited by REM sleep (sleep-wake myoclonus). AB - A 46-year-old male patient was irradiated following left orchiectomy for seminoma. Three months after radiation, segmental myoclonus appeared involving all skeletal muscle groups up to the level of D10, the area of radiation. Urodynamic testing showed the presence of segmental myoclonus in the urethral sphincter. An around-the-clock 'continuous segmental myoclonus' during sleep and wakefulness with a frequency of 1 c/s and an amplitude of 400 microV selectively inhibited by REM sleep was not found in the literature. This continuous segmental myoclonus caused by a radiation myelopathy at D10-D11 was followed up for 2 years. It was partially controlled by carbamazepine. PMID- 3215208 TI - Cheiro-oral syndrome: does it have a specific localizing value? AB - A sensory disturbance limited to the hand or fingers and the corner of the mouth both on the same side constitutes the cheiro-oral syndrome (COS). Six patients with typical COS are described; in 5 of them a well-circumscribed lesion was found at different brain sites. Although this syndrome was formerly attributed to a parietal or thalamic lesion, a lesion at brainstem level also can cause COS. The pathogenetic explanation of this peculiar sensory symptom complex is a matter of debate and a new hypothesis is formulated. We advocate that when COS is encountered, especially if a history of migraine is lacking, a thorough neurological workup is called for. PMID- 3215207 TI - Acquired stuttering: a motor programming disorder? AB - Acquired stuttering (AS) can follow unilateral right, left or bilateral hemispheric lesion, and can, but not necessarily, coexist with aphasia. In this paper we experimentally tested motor programming skills in a patient with AS of vascular origin. Motor programming consists in the structuration of the whole sequence of response prior to the onset of the first response element of a sequence of responses. Chronometric studies have shown that the time to initiate a sequence of manual responses is a function of the characteristics of the forthcoming sequence of responses. In our patient, reaction times involving single motor responses performed by right hand were within normal limit. On the contrary, when the task required a sequence of motor responses, there was a consistent difficulty in following the sequence: moreover, in the few correct sequences, reaction time analysis showed a lack of motor programming. It is suggested that AS could be the speech epiphenomenon of a more generalized disturbance of motor programming. PMID- 3215209 TI - Serum immunoinhibitory factors in stroke patients. AB - Immunoinhibitory factors in the sera of stroke patients were studied by an analysis of their capacity to influence the in vitro proliferative response of T cells. The evidence was obtained that the sera from stroke patients exhibited inhibitory activity on T cell proliferation. Although the nature of these inhibitory factors was not analyzed, it was clearly shown that their activity correlated with the degree of neurological defects, indicating that their determination may be of some prognostic value. PMID- 3215210 TI - Unusual manifestations of basilar artery ectasia. AB - Three patients with unusual presentations of basilar artery ectasia are described: subarachnoid hemorrhage was manifest in one and autonomic dysfunction developed in the other two. Aneurysmal rupture was the cause in the first patient, while compression of the brainstem and/or of the baroreceptor afferences of the IXth and Xth cranial nerves is postulated to be responsible for the symptoms found in the other two. Basilar artery aneurysms should be considered in cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage or autonomic dysfunction, particularly when diagnostic procedures fail to disclose other possible etiologies. PMID- 3215212 TI - Autumn meeting of the Dutch Society for Cell Biology and The Netherlands Society for Developmental Biology. Symposium: The cytoskeleton in differentiation. Amsterdam, October 13, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3215211 TI - Free drug levels monitoring as a detector of false metabolic refractory epilepsy. AB - Unbound and total plasma levels of carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenobarbital (PB) were evaluated in a group of 12 refractory patients out of 397 subjects, with normal values of total drug concentration and unbound levels below the expected ones. We established a minimal acceptable 'subtherapeutic' free drug level, i.e. less than 9.62 micrograms/ml for PB and 1.36 micrograms/ml for CBZ. PB and CBZ dosages were increased during a 3-month period. We observed a normalization of free levels, unaccompanied by a significant decrease in seizure frequency. Free drug level monitoring may prove to be an unchallenged detector of false metabolic refractory epilepsy. PMID- 3215214 TI - Results of dexamethasone suppression test in early Alzheimer dementia. AB - The frequency of an abnormal response to the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) was examined in 24 non-depressed patients in the early stages of Alzheimer dementia. Results were compared with those obtained in 51 geriatric medical inpatients: 15 with major depression, 18 with dysthymic disorder and 18 normal controls. As an abnormal lack of suppression was found in 9 demented patients, in 9 with major depression, 1 with dysthymic disorder and in 2 the normal controls, it appears that DST alone is not useful in distinguishing dementia, even in its early stages, from major depression. In our experience abnormal DST results in demented patients were unrelated to mood. PMID- 3215213 TI - The vulnerability of gerbils to focal cerebral ischemia. Neurological signs and regional biochemical changes after ischemia and recirculation. AB - Gerbils of both sexes were used to study the effects of 30-min ischemia and subsequent recirculation for 4 and 8 days. The mortality rate was 9% during ischemia and 34% in the recirculation period. No close correlation was found between the extent of metabolic changes and the severity of clinical signs after ischemia. Gerbils exhibited severe clinical signs with metabolic patterns of severe hypoxic damage, but with only slight biochemical changes as well, stressing the necessity of detailed examination in regional metabolic studies. According to planimetrical evaluation the most sensitive indicator of ischemic damage was alteration in pH. Decrease in pH without changes in ATP and NADH was associated with severe clinical signs. Biochemical changes were demonstrated after recirculation in some gerbils having severe clinical signs at the end of the ischemic period. The changes in pH and potassium found 8 days after the ischemic insult stress that a 30-min focal ischemia might have long lasting, perhaps irreversible consequences. PMID- 3215215 TI - Dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials of the lumbar and cervical roots. Method and normal values. AB - We describe a method for obtaining cortical evoked potentials after stimulation of the lumbosacral and cervical dermatomes in healthy volunteers. Such dermatomal evoked potentials are expected to contribute to the diagnosis of lumbar and cervical root entrapment. Normative data are presented for each dermatome including left-right differences. A significant correlation was found between absolute latencies and body length for the lumbosacral segments. This correlation was virtually absent in the cervical segments. The latency difference between the same cervical or lumbosacral dermatome left and right was also independent of body length for all segments. PMID- 3215216 TI - Hypomanic behaviour associated with familial spastic paraplegia. AB - Psychiatric manifestations of familial spastic paraplegia are rare and have been described only infrequently. A 35-year-old male is reported, who presented both hypomanic behaviour and gait disturbances as features of a previously undiagnosed familial spastic paraplegia. This association implies that the CNS manifestations of familial spastic paraplegia may overlap with the neurochemical or neuroanatomic substrata regulating mood. PMID- 3215217 TI - Motor evoked responses recorded epidurally in a patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - The case of a 75-year-old man with Guillain-Barre syndrome is presented. By means of transcranial electrical stimulation and epidural recording at the spinal level L2-3, distinct potentials with a latency of 21ms were obtained when the patient was tetraplegic. At the same time electromyographic responses of the thenar and anterior tibial muscles were absent following both transcranial and peripheral nerve stimulation. The patient recovered partially within 4 weeks. It is concluded that epidurally recorded motor evoked responses allow electrophysiological assessment of the descending pathways even in severe cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome and might contribute to a more accurate prediction of outcome. PMID- 3215218 TI - rCBF landscapes during motor performance and motor ideation of a graphic gesture. AB - The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) distribution was measured by 133xenon inhalation using a gamma camera in 18 right-handed volunteers, 6 subjects performing a graphic task (writing numbers in letters) with the right hand, 6 subjects imagining the same task, and 6 subjects were assessed during two rest periods to determine the reproducibility of the technique. The mean rCBF increased between 10% and 25% (P less than 0.01) during both motor performance and motor ideation. However, there were regional differences. While motor performance activated mainly the rolandic regions bilaterally, motor ideation gave prefrontal and premotor rCBF augmentations. In both situations there was significant bilateral increase in regions corresponding to the cerebellum. PMID- 3215219 TI - Divergence and convergence of diagnoses for depression between ICD-9 and DSM-III R. AB - Contrasting the classification systems ICD-9 and DSM-III-R, a comparison of diagnoses for unipolar depressive disorders is presented from a sample of 168 psychiatric outpatients. A relatively clear correspondence existed between ICD-9 endogenous depression and DSM-III-R major depression. Neurotic depression (ICD-9) divided into either dysthymia or major depression in DSM-III-R. A generally greater variety of corresponding ICD-9 diagnoses was observed for DSM-III-R categories, since patients with eating disorders, alcohol or drug dependence, or with neuroses other than depressive type often received an additional specific DSM-III-R diagnosis for depression. For ICD-9 diagnostics, a decreased threshold was found for diagnosing depressive reaction, as compared with the equivalent DSM III-R diagnosis of adjustment disorder with depressed mood. A new technique is introduced in order to adjust corresponding proportions according to base rate differences. PMID- 3215220 TI - The causes of functional psychoses as seen by patients and their relatives. I. The patients' point of view. AB - Patients' concepts of the causes of their functional psychoses were investigated by means of an open-ended question and a 30-item checklist. While patients, like professional experts, endorsed a multifactorial aetiological concept, they clearly favoured psychosocial explanations over biological ones. There was some variation according to diagnosis, with schizophrenic patients tending to attribute the development of their illness more often to esoteric influences or to their family environment and patients with affective psychoses assuming biological factors or psychosocial stress to be the cause of their illness. The aetiological concepts did not vary with the duration of illness. Our findings do not support the "psychological mindedness" hypothesis, which postulates that there is a greater inclination to adopt psychological explanations among women, younger people, the better educated or people from urban areas as compared with men, older people, the less educated or people from rural areas. PMID- 3215221 TI - The causes of functional psychoses as seen by patients and their relatives. II. The relatives' point of view. AB - The concepts of relatives of patients suffering from functional psychoses regarding the causes of the illness were investigated using the same methodological approach as with the patients. Relatives, like patients, favoured psychosocial over biological explanations. However, when compared pairwise the concordance between relatives and patients was very low. Some methodological refinements recommended for further research are proposed. PMID- 3215222 TI - Auditory event related potentials in violent and nonviolent prisoners. AB - The neurophysiologic substrates of violence and aggression have been extensively studied. Although the EEG is often normal in violent persons any abnormalities are generally nonspecific in nature. Evoked potentials have been infrequently used to study such behavior disorders. Long latency auditory event-related potentials (AEPs) were studied in prison inmates incarcerated for unmotivated violent crimes or violence during the commission of other crimes, and in prisoners jailed for non-violent offenses. Habitually violent inmates were compared with an equal number of non-violent prisoners and neurologically and audiologically intact controls. AEPs were recorded to an "oddball" paradigm from vertex and left and right temporal electrodes. None of the prisoners had latencies more than 3 standard deviations beyond the normal group mean. N1 and P2 components were longer in latency and lower in amplitude in prisoners than in controls, but this was not statistically significant. Violent and non-violent individuals did not differ in these measures. P3 was significantly prolonged in latency in violent inmates, but not in those who had committed a violent act. All components were longer in latency on the right in violent prisoners, while amplitudes were lower but not significantly so. This asymmetry was not present in non-violent prisoners or control subjects. Caution is needed in identifying differences between criminals and the general population, and in seeking markers of violent behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215223 TI - Outpatient extracorporeal lithotripsy of kidney stones: 1,200 treatments. AB - 1,200 extracorporeal lithotripsies have been performed in 816 patients. 58% of the stones had a diameter of 3-10 mm, 41% measured between 11 and 20 mm and 1% were larger than 20 mm. The patients were all treated on an outpatient basis without either anesthesia or analgesia. The mean time spent at the lithotripsy center was 2 h: the mean treatment time was 46 min, i.e. 3,450 shocks at a frequency of 1.25/s. 530 patients were reviewed after 3 months. Overall, 64% of them were stone free. These results varied between 73% for stones less than 10 mm in diameter and 43% for stones larger than 20 mm in diameter. 69% of the patients presenting with a single stone were stone free at 3 months. The best results were obtained in upper caliceal stones (78%) and the least satisfactory results were obtained in the lower caliceal stones (68%). The complication rate was low: renal colic in 18% of cases, fever in 2% of cases. Altogether, 13 disobstructions were required, namely 12 endoscopic and 1 surgical. 33% of patients were retreated without admission to hospital. Outpatient extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy is indicated for renal pelvic or caliceal stones less than 20 mm in diameter situated in a nonobstructed renal cavity, in a noninfected patient without any particular risk factors. 85% of patients are currently treated at the lithotripsy center on an outpatient basis. PMID- 3215224 TI - A classification for intravaginal torsion of the testis. AB - We have developed a new classification for intravaginal testicular torsion by comparing the testes in 36 cases of intravaginal torsion with those of 30 cases undergoing castration for prostatic cancer. The classification was made by our new criteria as follows: bell-clapper type (type III) in which torsion very easily occurs; intermediate type (type II), which can be further divided into two subtypes, type IIb in which torsion easily occurs and type IIa in which torsion hardly occurs, and normal type (type I) in which torsion never occurs. We believe that our new classification is simple and useful for definite clinical understanding. PMID- 3215225 TI - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the prone position for stones situated anteriorly. AB - Stones situated anteriorly cannot be satisfactorily reached with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the supine position. By assuming the prone position, patients with stones in horseshoe or ectopic kidneys or in the iliac ureter can be treated by ESWL with the same success rate as patients with posterior stones. This new technique has been used in 30 patients with iliac ureteral stones, 5 patients with caliceal stones in horseshoe kidneys and 1 patient with a pyelic stone in a sacral kidney. PMID- 3215227 TI - Treatment of lithiasis in the patient with a solitary kidney. AB - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been the fundamental treatment applied to 88 patients with renal calculi in a solitary kidney. Epidemiological information is given, including lithiasis antecedents and associated pathologies as well as the etiology of the solitary kidney, location and size of stones. The initial treatment was ESWL in 83 patients, ureteroscopy in 2, surgery in 2, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 1. Three months after treatment in the ESWL group, 68 patients were completely free of stones and 15 had insignificant caliceal residual fragments. The rest of the patients were treated successfully using the above methods. The secondary complications of ESWL were colic pain (20 cases), fever (13 cases) and obstruction (9 cases). PMID- 3215226 TI - Castration and erection. An animal study. AB - Castrated dogs (n = 3) need a much higher threshold level of energy to induce erection by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve than noncastrated animals (n = 24). In addition the resulting quality of erection, measured as maximal intracavernous pressure (pCC) versus peak systolic blood pressure (BP), was weaker in castrated dogs (pCC = 57% of BP on average) than in noncastrated dogs (pCC = 80% of BP on average). A high venous outflow from the corpora cavernosa in castrated dogs can also explain the shorter duration of erection. This experimental model excludes the interference of subjective factors, such as erotic stimuli and libido on erection, and it seems that androgen deficiency has a direct effect on the neurophysiology of the erectile tissues resulting in a higher tonus of the detumescence factors, which can be explained by an incomplete relaxation of the sinusoidal smooth muscle. PMID- 3215228 TI - Penile corporeal fibrosis complicating papaverine self-injection therapy for erectile impotence. AB - A case of loclaised penile corporeal fibrosis is described in a psychogenically impotent diabetic, following a short course of self-injection therapy with papaverine. The possible aetiology and implications of this complication are discussed together with the need to obtain informed written consent from patients undergoing this form of treatment. PMID- 3215229 TI - Trifid pelvis and controlateral bifid ureter with bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. AB - A 20-month-old boy with a trifid pelvis and ureteropelvic junction obstruction on one side and incomplete duplication of the ureter with ureteropelvic junction obstruction on the lower pole of the other kidney is described. PMID- 3215231 TI - Inverted papilloma of upper urinary tract. Four case reports. AB - As part of urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma, inverted papilloma deserves a particular place owing to its histologic features, rarity and prognosis. These tumors are usually located in the bladder and their location in the upper urinary tract is quite exceptional. This is the reason why we were prompted to report 4 new cases. PMID- 3215230 TI - Spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases and long-term survival of a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, after immunostimulation with bacillus Calmette-Guerin and extirpation of brain and contralateral lung metastases. AB - A 52-year-old patient underwent left radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma and received adjuvant chemotherapy postoperatively with adriamycin and 5 fluoruracil. Twenty months afterwards he developed cerebral and multiple bilateral pulmonary metastases. The cerebral metastasis was excised and nonspecific immunostimulation with bacillus Calmette-Guerin was initiated. Two years later the other secondaries had scarcely grown and extirpation of the two right pulmonary metastases was undertaken. Few months afterwards the two left pulmonary nodules disappeared. The patient continues free of disease more than 5 years after nephrectomy and 16 months after regression of the lung metastases. PMID- 3215232 TI - Percutaneous debulking of staghorn stones combined with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: results and complications. AB - The results and complications of 122 percutaneous debulking of staghorn stones are carefully reviewed, discriminating between dilated and not dilated kidneys. Percutaneous debulking can be defined as satisfactory in about 70% of the cases. In the remaining 30% of the cases (mostly not dilated kidneys) it has got little or no results. The overall complication rate is quite low and most of the common complications can be prevented. Percutaneous procedures in nondilated kidneys have an overall complication rate highly superior to that in dilated kidneys. It should be preferable to treat as many staghorn stones as possible in nondilated kidneys with staged extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy, stenting the ureter and monitoring the urinary infection. Struvite stones are best suitable for stented ESWL because of their fragility. In case of cystine or oxalate monohydrate staghorn stone open surgery might be preferable in virgin patients, but it is often refused by the patients. PMID- 3215233 TI - Hemiacidrin: a useful component in the treatment of infectious renal stones. AB - Experimental irrigation of 15 infectious renal stones with hemiacidrin resulted in complete dissolution of 11 stones within 5 days. Three of the undissolved stones had a calcium oxalate (CaOx) content of more than 10%. Stones containing calcium phosphate (CaP) and magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) and weighing less than 500 mg were most easily dissolved. Twenty-five stones placed in 10 ml of hemiacidrin resulted in complete dissolution of 13 and partial dissolution of 11. Even this experiment showed that the CaOx content was of importance for the outcome of hemiacidrin treatment. After treatment the MAP and CaP fractions had decreased and CaOx increased. In 36 clinical irrigations of residual concrements of known chemical composition, 5 resulted in total stone dissolution and 21 in a reduced stone volume, whereas the result was inconclusive in 3. Seven stones were not affected by the treatment, these stones were usually composed of CaP and CaOx. There was a good correlation between the dissolution test and the clinical response to hemiacidrin treatment. Based on these findings it is suggested that hemiacidrin might be a useful complement to the modern techniques of stone fragmentation such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous surgery, at least for infectious stones with a CaOx content of less than 10%. PMID- 3215234 TI - Digital rectal examination to screen for prostatic cancer. AB - In a prospectively designed study 480 men, aged 45-67 years of age having routine medical examinations as part of the Occupational Health Service Program, underwent digital rectal examination to screen for early prostatic cancer. 26 men were referred to the Urology Service of the Aust-Agder Central Hospital for repeat examinations and further diagnostic procedures. Biopsies were performed on 16 patients, and transrectal ultrasound examination on 9. One patient was found to have prostate cancer. The value of an organized screening program for the detection of early prostatic cancer still seems to be under discussion. PMID- 3215235 TI - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for large renal stones. To what size is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy alone feasible? AB - The complications after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for large renal calculi could be reduced by insertion of ureteral stents. In a prospective study, the critical stone size for ESWL combined with ureteral stenting was looked for. Sixty consecutive patients entered the study, 17 patients suffered from renal calculi with a length of greater than 4 cm and a width of greater than 3 cm (group 1), and in 43 patients the calculi measured between 4 x 3 and 2.5 x 1.5 cm2 (group 2). ESWL was performed with the Dornier apparatus HM-3. A ureteral stent was placed immediately before ESWL. In group 1 with very large stones, significantly more obstructive problems were encountered. Three months after ESWL, only 6 of 14 (43%) were free of stones or with stone material likely to discharge spontaneously. In group 2, a success rate of 25 of 29 (86%) was noticed, which was considered satisfactory. For most stones greater than 4 x 3 cm2 the combination of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ESWL seems to be the preferred treatment. PMID- 3215236 TI - Reliability and accuracy of Urotel test, a device for urinary cytology. AB - Many steps are to be taken before a urinary specimen is cytologically examined. The physician can improve the cytologic results by providing the cytologist with the best possible cellular material collected and fixed in a standardized manner as by using the Urotel test. This is a plastic device prefilled with two fixatives. It means a two-step fixation and spontaneous sedimentation of cells to reduce the amount of liquid for easier and safer transportation from the doctors' offices and hospitals with no cytologic facilities to the diagnosing laboratory. The aim of this study was to obtain an estimate of the accuracy of the Urotel test. Based on 903 patients' first urinary specimen and the original diagnoses, this study indicates that the standardized handling with the device described may increase the possibility for the general practitioner to refer his or her patient, who has an early urothelial malignancy, to the urologist for a quick handling without any delay. PMID- 3215237 TI - Survival of the upper-urothelial-cancer patients from the Balkan nephropathy endemic and nonendemic areas. AB - Sixty rural patients with upper urothelial tumors (UUT) have been followed for 10 14 years after they underwent surgery. Residential history revealed that 21 of them spent at least 20 years in an area where the Balkan nephropathy (BN) was endemic. These patients experienced a better survival than those who had not been exposed in BN foci. An opposite finding of the only author who previously tried to quantify survival in the same region by a similar approach was explained by two main reasons: his failure to control a considerable age difference between the two groups, and a restriction of his analysis only to the early stages of the tumors. PMID- 3215238 TI - Continence mechanisms following transphincteric urethroplasty. AB - Urinary continence mechanisms were studied in 6 patients, 5 of whom had undergone end-to-end urethroplasty for membranous urethral strictures. All patients were able to interrupt the urinary stream on command by contracting the distal intrinsic sphincteric mechanism, despite an absent extrinsic sphincter. In 2 patients with prostatectomy and transphincteric urethroplasty, the intrinsic sphincteric mechanism was the sole remaining sphincter. These observations suggest that the intrinsic sphincteric mechanism is intramurally located, is also under somatic innervation and alone is capable of performing all of the sphincteric function required in the male. PMID- 3215239 TI - Psychological factors related to interstitial cystitis. AB - Psychological factors related to interstitial cystitis were studied in 31 women. The control group consisted of 24 women with acute bacterial cystitis. The subjects were tested with psychological methods. Results showed that traditional signs of psychic pathology were not related to the symptoms of interstitial cystitis but psychic helplessness and inadequacy in coping with problems was found in the patients. Sexual problems were prominent. Results do not refer to the psychological origin of interstitial cystitis but stress that psychological factors have to be taken into consideration in the treatment of these patients. PMID- 3215240 TI - Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma. AB - In order to evaluate the prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a retrospective study was carried out on 215 patients (150 men, 65 women) who had undergone surgical treatment from March 1979 to December 1986. The average age of the patients was 58 years (ranging from 15 to 85 years). The ratios of survival to tumor stage and grade, as well as to nodal and venous involvement, distant metastases at the time of diagnosis (as TNM classification) were evaluated by means of the actuarial method (life table). Corrected 5-year survival rates for stage T1-T4 were 100, 81, 68.9 and 0%, respectively. Grade 1 and grade 2 tumors had a 5-year survival rate of 66.5 and 52.8%, respectively; grade 3 had a 3-year survival rate of 46.5%. Nodal involvement at the time of diagnosis had a prediction value for the 3- and 5-year survival rate of 39.8 and 34.5%, respectively. Metastases at time of diagnosis had a 14.1% prediction value for a 3-year survival rate. Tumor extension to the vena cava (21 patients) affected survival in a significant way (55.8% at 3 years). A definite tendency towards lower stage and grade was observed in incidentally diagnosed RCC (11%). In conclusion, stage, grade, nodal and venous involvement as well as metastases at the time of diagnosis have a significant prognostic value in RCC. These data and the lack of early diagnostic methods for RCC suggest the routine use of renal ultrasonography in clinically asymptomatic patients during examination for suspected abdominal diseases and in high-risk patients (Von Hippel-Lindau disease smokers). PMID- 3215241 TI - Non-seminomatous germ cell testis cancer in Ireland (1980-1985). Management, results and prognostic variables with relevance to national management protocols. AB - All non-seminomatous germ cell testis cancer in Ireland (1980-1985) was analysed (n = 131) and 3-year survival was: stage I = 95% (n = 58), stage II = 54% (n = 36), stages III and IV = 24% (n = 34). Countrywide results were not as favourable as those achieved in specialist units and this supports the development of a national strategy to maximise disease control. No management protocols existed during this study and the variety of approaches helped to identify the most suitable types of treatment in this broad context. PMID- 3215243 TI - Staghorn calculi: percutaneous versus anatrophic nephrolithotomy. AB - In a retrospective analysis percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy and anatrophic nephrolithotomy for staghorn stones were compared to evaluate morbidity. In 46 patients treated percutaneously and 29 patients treated by open surgery, the procedure time, success rate, complication rate, length of hospitalization, disability period, and amount of analgesics needed in the postoperative period were analyzed. 5 patients treated during the learning period were not considered for this study, no matter whether they were treated by open or percutaneous surgery. Complete removal of all stone fragments was achieved in 73.8% of the patients treated percutaneously. Calculi were removed successfully in 82.1% of the patients submitted to anatrophic lithotomy. The group treated percutaneously showed shorter procedural time (mean 120 versus 210 min), shorter hospitalization period (5 versus 7 days), less need for analgesics (mean 1.6 versus 4.7 doses per patient), and an earlier return to normal physical activities (9 versus 43 days). Among the patients who underwent open surgery, 14 (50.0%) required additional interventions to treat complications. Although in the percutaneous group 28.5% required more than one percutaneous intervention, the overall complication rate per surgery of 20.0% was significantly lower, with no need for open surgery. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy proved to be of significantly lower morbidity than anatrophic lithotomy. PMID- 3215242 TI - Evaluation of 144 cases of ileal conduits in adults. AB - Ileal conduit urinary diversion was performed on 144 patients (138 malignant tumours, 6 benign conditions) according to the method of Bricker. Operative mortality was 4.2%. Early complications occurred in 33% and late complications in 28% of the patients. In 19% a reoperation was necessary for complications. Pre- and postoperative urographies were compared in 83 cases: there was deterioration of the upper urinary tracts in 26% of the right and 39% of the left renal units. PMID- 3215244 TI - Pretreatment regimen for high-risk patients receiving urographic contrast media. AB - Retrospective analysis of 85 high-risk patients, pretreated with prednisone who received urographic contrast media, was associated with no adverse effects in 76 (89.6%) procedures. Serious reactions were recorded only in 1 patient (1.1%). Based on the results, our regimen is an appropriate prophylaxis. PMID- 3215245 TI - Intracavernous self-injection for erectile failure. AB - Thirty-three patients with erectile failure were taught to self-inject papaverine intracavernosally. The dose was from 15 to 80 mg. Phentolamine was added if 80 mg was not sufficient. The patients kept a diary on the effects of the regimen, and also filled out a questionnaire after a follow-up of 4-16 months. The results showed that 55% were satisfied with the method. However, technical difficulties were common. Sexual stimulation turned out to be very important resulting in varying erections on consecutive occasions with the same papaverine dose. Prolonged erection occurred once in 5 patients and was easily handled conservatively in all. Fibrous plaques developed in 2 patients. Twelve patients (36%) stopped the injections for various reasons. When failure occurred the disappointment was usually severe. Thus, the selection of patients for self injection is important. PMID- 3215247 TI - Treatment of large renal calculi with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy. AB - One hundred and twenty patients with large renal calculi (greater than 3 cm), who had not undergone previous stone-debulking procedures, were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy using a Dornier HM3 lithotripter. Stones were divided into four categories according to Rocco's classification: 20 C2, 25 C3, 51 C4 and 24 C5. Repeated treatments were necessary in 13 patients, while planned two-stage treatments were performed in 8. Pretreatment adjunctive endourological maneuvers (except for the placement of ureteral stents for visualization of 37 contrast-negative stones) were used in 16 cases (13.3%) and posttreatment maneuvers in 20 (16.6%). Open surgery was necessary in 6 patients, including one nephrectomy. Complete elimination of all concrements was documented in 74 patients (61.6%): 63 within 3 months and 11 within 6-12 months. The stone-free rates for different categories were: 80% for C2, 64% for C3, 58.8% for C4 and 50% for C5. The stone-free rate for contrast negative calculi was 83.7% (31/37), and for radiopaque ones 51.8% (43/83) (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that ESWL monotherapy is an adequate treatment choice for some categories of large radiopaque stones and for all radiolucent ones. PMID- 3215246 TI - Hormonal consequences of orchidectomy for carcinoma of the prostate. With special reference to the measurement of free testosterone in saliva and prostatic dihydrotestosterone levels. AB - 22 patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate were treated by subcapsular orchidectomy and followed by regular determinations of plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, delta 4-androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone estradiol-binding globulin as well as salivary testosterone, which reflects free plasma testosterone. Subcapsular orchidectomy constantly induced a dramatic and stable decrease in testicular androgens without modification of adrenal androgens or testosterone estradiol-binding globulin. Free testosterone levels vary widely for a given value of plasma testosterone, probably due to individual variations of testosterone estradiol-binding globulin. Salivary testosterone is preferable to plasma testosterone for monitoring hormonal therapy for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. In another group of orchidectomized stage-D2 patients, obstructive symptoms motivated transurethral resection of the prostate allowing the assay of intraprostatic dihydrotestosterone which was constantly below the dihydrotestosterone level of androgen-independent tissues (below 2.5 ng/g). PMID- 3215248 TI - Prognosis of bladder cancer. III. The value of radical cystectomy in the management of invasive bladder cancer. AB - From January 1979 to June 1982, 141 consecutive patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma were treated with a single stage lymphadenectomy plus radical cystectomy. The survival rate observed in our patients, based on the TNM classification, was comparable with that reported for other groups employing contemporary surgery. Survivorship for patients with deep invasive tumors was also estimated by breaking down the pT3 stage, and patients with tumor confined to the bladder wall (pT3a) were separately evaluated from those with tumor extended outside (pT3b). The results obtained with this subdivision showed that pT3a patients have almost the same survival rate as pT2 patients. From these results it is concluded that radical cystectomy is a satisfactory curative treatment of bladder cancer confined to the bladder wall, whatever the extension of the muscular involvement. Such considerations suggest that, in order to achieve a more objective analysis of the results after radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer, a modification of clinical staging is necessary. Moreover, a simplification of the classification methods should provide a better identification of the elements required to assess the prognosis and to improve treatment planning. PMID- 3215250 TI - Radical retropubic prostatectomy after transurethral prostatic resection. AB - In 16 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy because of adenocarcinoma of the prostate after previous transurethral resection, the difficulty of the operation, the morbidity rate, and the survival time were evaluated. Eleven patients had tumours staged A2, 5 patients tumours staged B1. Duration of the operation and blood loss were almost similar to the group of patients who had not had prior transurethral resection of the prostate. The impotence rate was 100% due to difficulties preparing and preserving the neurovascular bundle. Only 1 patient had stress incontinence. One patient died after 2 years with rapid tumour progression, 1 patient shows local recurrence. Radical prostatectomy may be performed safely with an acceptable morbidity rate following transurethral resection of the prostate. PMID- 3215251 TI - Benign testicular tumors: a case for testis preservation? AB - Between June 1980 and June 1986, 345 inguinal explorations for intrascrotal space occupying lesions were performed. In 47 patients benign testicular tumors were diagnosed (13.5%). In 32 of the 47 tumors (68%), the testis could be preserved by excision or enucleation of the tumor. In the remaining 15 patients a high semicastration was carried out: in 12 cases macroscopic examination or frozen section revealed doubtful benignity (6 Leydig cells tumors, 5 dermoid cysts and 1 epidermoid cyst), in 3 patients because of extensive involvement of the testis. In a follow-up period of 1-7 years none of the patients has shown evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Changing the concept of not incising the parietal tunica of the testis and regarding clear-cut macroscopic and histological criteria of benignity on frozen section will safely lower the testicular loss rate from up to 80% to about 30% when benign tumors are encountered. PMID- 3215249 TI - Radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Long-term survival in high risk patients. AB - Debilitated, sometimes old, previously radiated patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder may present with many poor prognostic features including: high grade, diffuse, carcinoma; invasion of perivesical tissue; ureteral obstruction; a fixed pelvic mass, and vascular and lymphatic invasion. Improvements in anesthesia, medical management, and nutrition have allowed radical cystectomy and long-term survival in 4 such high risk patients with locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, including 1 patient who had excision of his urinary tract. PMID- 3215252 TI - Long-term results of deep dorsal penile vein transsection in venous impotence. AB - 29 individuals with venous impotence underwent transsection of the deep dorsal penile vein, of the superficial and ectopic veins, if any. 19 patients responded initially with either spontaneous erections or increased sensitivity of the cavernous bodies to intracorporeal papaverine. 1 patient developed postoperative priapism. The majority of patients who failed to respond had major leakage into the cavernous veins or abnormal connections between the spongious and cavernous bodies. An intraoperative decrease of flow rates to induce and maintain erection was found to be indicative for response. 10 individuals developed secondary erectile dysfunction 4-24 months after the initial response. A more extensive surgical approach should be considered to improve long-term success rates. PMID- 3215253 TI - Diagnosis of male impotence after intracavernous papaverine test. AB - The diagnosis and treatment of male impotence have been radically modified by the introduction of intracavernous injections of papaverine. Papaverine treatment can solve more than 70% of male impotence cases, so that the real clue to the diagnosis of impotence is to discriminate between patients who can be treated by papaverine alone and patients deserving thorough investigation. The association of papaverine injection plus video sexual stimulation for this purpose was adopted in our last 250 unselected patients and represents a valuable tool. 115 of 250 achieved successful treatment for their impotence according the following percentages: intracavernous papaverine injections at the practice or at home 75.8%; prosthesis, 19.1%; venous surgery, 3.4%, and arterial surgery, 1.7%. PMID- 3215254 TI - Summary and prospects of fourteen years' experience with treatment of chyluria by microsurgery. AB - Since 1974, 125 cases of chyluria have been treated at our hospital using a microsurgical technique. The duration of illness was longer than 1 year in 94% of the cases. For male patients (95 cases), lymphaticovenous anastomosis was performed at the inguinal part of the spermatic cord and, for females (30 cases), at 3 different regions of the lower extremities, namely dorsum of foot, anterior aspect of leg and anterior aspect of thigh. Most of the patients in our series were followed for 6 months to 4 years (the longest 14 years). Among them, 59 cases were followed for more than 1 year. In 45 patients the urine was completely free from chyle (76.3%), and in 4 other patients the urine was weakly chyle positive or they had occasional mild attacks. The total effect rate was 83.1% (45 of 59). Lymphatic fistulae in the kidney did not close immediately after anastomosis, so chyluria persisted for variable periods in most cases, usually not longer than 6 months. In the surgical treatment of chyluria, lymphaticovenous anastomosis, undertaken at a superficial part of the body, was probably the operation of choice because of less damage, little postoperative morbidity and rare serous complications. PMID- 3215255 TI - Ureteral stone extraction with the Steffens lasso loop. A neglected procedure. AB - The main advantages of the Steffens lasso loop are its olive-tipped, 45 degrees angled Tiemann guide, which allows easier and less traumatic passage above the ureteral stone, the tri-part lasso, which affords a better grasp of the stone, and the outlet for urine drainage. Between 1976 and 1986 we used this loop in 560 of 919 patients with distal ureteral stones. Immediate stone extraction was possible in 85.7% of the patients treated in 1986. Perforation of the ureter occurred in 2.3%, and 3% required ureterolithotomy. Our experience with this lasso loop has shown this instrument to be a valuable addition to other endourological methods. PMID- 3215256 TI - Impact of allopurinol treatment on the prevention of hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate lithiasis. AB - The beneficial effect of allopurinol treatment in metaphylaxis of hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate lithiasis has been analyzed in a retrospective study covering 10 years. 83 patients with hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate lithiasis (48 recurrent stone formers, 35 patients with a single stone episode) were treated with 300 mg allopurinol for 33.1 +/- 11.5 months. Subsequently, each patient was controlled for 43.9 +/- 27 months without therapy. The overall relapse rate was 28.9% but there is no statistically significant difference between treatment with and without allopurinol (Mann-Whitney: p = 0.16). The only striking difference was the fact that, with one exception, stone relapses occurred only in the group of recurrent stone formers, whereas the group with single stone formation seemed to be at a clearly decreased risk for stone recurrence during follow-up. This would suggest that factors other than those investigated in this study are responsible for the phenomenon of recurrent stone formation. PMID- 3215257 TI - Granular cystitis in girls. Long-term follow-up. AB - Granular cystitis or 'papular cystitis' is a very common form of cystitis in young girls. In this paper we show the evolution of this affliction in women after puberty. In a series we were able to follow up leukoplakia or follicular cystitis patients to the age of 16 years. PMID- 3215258 TI - Clinical use of penile clamp with automatic electronic alarm. AB - A new type of penile clamp with automatic electronic alarm is introduced for the treatment of urinary incontinence. The clamp is installed attached to timing and alarm. 18 cases of urinary incontinence have been treated with good results. PMID- 3215259 TI - Short-term tissue culture of prostatic carcinoma samples provides useful biological parameters related to patient prognosis. AB - In order to identify new data to be able to better evaluate patient prognosis in prostatic carcinoma (PRCA), we started a study 6 years ago correlating in vitro parameters from human PRCA samples grown in tissue culture with histological diagnosis of the same tumors [Eur. Urol. 11: 330-333, 1985]. The original study has been extended with more cases and updated with follow-up of the patients. To date, we evaluated 51 specimens of PRCA (18 grade I, 19 grade II, 13 grade III and 1 grade IV) and 8 of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Tissue samples were cultured in medium DME plus 10% fetal calf serum, 10% horse serum and 50 ng/ml each of hydrocortisone and insulin. Epithelial cells grown from the explants showed an average life in culture and morphological and biochemical features in good correlation with tumor grade. Short cultural life span, regular growth and positive secretion activity are typical of low-grade tumors, meanwhile the opposite is true for high-grade tumors. Of these patients, 15 were evaluable for prognosis, because they died or because they were followed-up for at least 3 years. In this group we compared tissue culture data with survival and found a fairly good correlation between growth parameters and clinical outcome of each case. Although more cases are needed to provide statistical significance to the results, the data we collected seem to indicate that low-grade tumors susceptible of poorer prognosis can be identified by a short-term tissue culture showing morphological atypias and long average life span. This method may be easily reproduced in any hospital equipped with a tissue culture unit. PMID- 3215260 TI - Growth characteristics of cultured human normal bladder epithelial cells: a comparison with urothelial carcinoma cell cultures. AB - We present the in vitro growth characteristics and morphology of the first established long-term culture of human normal bladder epithelium. Normal bladder cells were grown with a mean generation time of 44 h and a life span of 33 population doublings in 12 weeks. The cells exhibited contact inhibition of growth. The cultures were morphologically examined and compared with transitional cell carcinoma in culture. PMID- 3215261 TI - Effect of high-calcium diet on urinary oxalate excretion in urinary stone formers. AB - The effect of mild high-calcium diet or regular-calcium diet on urinary calcium excretion, urinary oxalate excretion, urinary calcium/creatinine ratio, urinary oxalate/creatinine ratio, and the probability of being a stone former (PSF) were studied in 85 patients with idiopathic urolithiasis. Intake of high-calcium diet for 5-6 days reduced (p less than 0.01-p less than 0.001) urinary oxalate excretion, urinary oxalate/creatine ratio and PSF in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Under the regular-calcium diet, administration of 60 mg/day of pyridoxal phosphate for 3 months lowered (p less than 0.05-p less than 0.01) urinary oxalate excretion, urinary oxalate/creatinine ratio and PSF in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria alone. From these findings, intake of mild high calcium diet appears to be beneficial to decrease the urinary oxalate excretion and PSF in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Pyridoxal phosphate has all the features of suppressing such risk factors for stone formation in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. PMID- 3215262 TI - Prognostic relevance of ploidy and proliferative activity of renal cell carcinoma. AB - In 112 patients with renal cell carcinoma, the ploidy, DNA heterogeneity and the phases of the cell cycle occurring in the tumors were determined by means of single-cell DNA cytophotometry, in order to establish further prognostic factors in addition to the ones known so far (stage/grade). Patients with aneuploid tumors or tumors with more than one DNA frequency peak were found to have lymph node metastases intraoperatively and died earlier than patients with diploid tumors. Patients who had tumors with low proliferative activity survived longer than patients with highly proliferative tumor activity (p = 0.001). PMID- 3215263 TI - Xanthogranuloma of the spermatic cord. AB - An unusual case of xanthogranuloma of the spermatic cord is described. This benign condition should be included in the differential diagnosis of intrascrotal tumors and simple surgical excision is recommended although we performed high inguinal orchiectomy. PMID- 3215264 TI - Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage from kidney causes. AB - Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage is an uncommon entity and even rarer when the underlying cause is from the kidney. Renal tumors comprise the majority of atraumatic kidney rupture. Renal cell carcinoma and angiomyolipoma are the most common diseases in this group. Oral anticoagulant therapy and hemodialysis could be responsible for a few cases. In 3 reported cases no pathological explanation could be found. With the help of modern facilities, diagnosis can be made preoperatively and conservative surgery is indicated in these patients. However, nephrectomy is the treatment of choice for patients presenting with shock as the initial symptom or solid renal mass with perirenal hematoma. PMID- 3215265 TI - Paraurethral leiomyoma in women. AB - Two rare cases of paraurethral leiomyoma in women are presented. Physical examination and cystourethrography with previous cytourethroscopy revealed the seat of the masses. Surgical approach by means of incision of the anterior vaginal wall allowed for the complete enucleation of the tumors. PMID- 3215266 TI - Renal cell carcinoma presenting with gross hematuria from a solitary bladder metastasis. AB - Renal cell carcinoma commonly presents with gross hematuria. We report the first case in which the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma was made following biopsy of an actively bleeding solitary bladder metastasis of a clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. The possible routes of metastasis of this uncommon lesion are discussed and a review of the literature is presented. PMID- 3215267 TI - Unusual urethral duplication. AB - Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly occurring almost exclusively in males. The described varieties include the sagital (Y-duplication), spindle, epispadiac, hypospadiac, complete, incomplete, abortive and collateral duplications. Whereas over 150 cases of this anomaly have been reported in the world literature, the associated findings of an adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder and a urethral calculus have not been previously encountered. This case report describes the clinical presentation, the extraordinary intraoperative finding of an adenocarcinoma of the fundus of the urinary bladder, the investigative procedures, the management and follow-up of this most unusual complete urethral duplication. PMID- 3215268 TI - The multiple action of bradykinin on smooth muscle of guinea-pig taenia caeci. AB - The action of bradykinin on the smooth muscle of guinea-pig taenia caeci was studied by measuring changes in membrane potential, the contractile state of the muscle cells and intracellular calcium concentrations at 22 degrees C in the presence of tetrodotoxin, yohimbine, prazosin, propranolol and atropine. The bradykinin response was characterised by an initial hyperpolarization and suppression of spike activity followed by a sustained depolarization and an increased spike activity accompanied by inhibition of the phasic contractions, an increase in muscle tone and the development of phasic contractions, respectively. The actions of bradykinin were not affected after B1-bradykinin receptors were blocked with des-Arg9-[Leu8]bradykinin. The events induced by bradykinin were accompanied by an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration, as monitored by quin-2 fluorescence. The hyperpolarization and depolarization persisted in the presence of diltiazem (10(-5) M) and in calcium-free conditions. The hyperpolarization could be evoked only once in the absence of calcium and was inhibited in the presence of apamin and after stimulation of alpha 1 adrenoceptors or P2-purinoceptors. Membrane conductance was decreased during the sustained depolarization. The membrane depolarization was abolished after the sodium concentration gradient was reduced. These results show a multiple action of bradykinin mediated via B2-receptors: (1) on calcium mobilization associated with activation of potassium channels; (2) on calcium release from intracellular stores and (3) on receptor-activated sodium channels. PMID- 3215269 TI - Evidence that the novel antihypertensive agent, flesinoxan, causes differential sympathoinhibition and also increases vagal tone by a central action. AB - The effects of flesinoxan were studied on thoracic preganglionic, splanchnic and renal sympathetic nerve activity, carotid sinus nerve activity, blood pressure and heart rate in anaesthetised cats. In some experiments femoral or renal arterial conductance was also recorded. Flesinoxan (3-300 micrograms kg-1) caused a dose-related fall in blood pressure and heart rate and also caused sympathoinhibition. This fall in blood pressure was not associated with changes in femoral arterial conductance but was with a large increase in renal arterial conductance. In this respect flesinoxan had a greater sympathoinhibitory action on the renal nerve compared with the other sympathetic outflows. The bradycardia was unaffected by the 5-HT3 antagonist, MDL 72222, but was reversed by atropine and was abolished in bi-vagotomised cats. Flesinoxan also caused sympathoinhibition in bi-vagotomised cats and decreased carotid sinus nerve activity and blood pressure. It is concluded that flesinoxan acts centrally to cause sympathoinhibition and an increase in vagal tone. PMID- 3215270 TI - Ouabain-induced contraction of vascular smooth muscle in spontaneously hypertensive rats and the effect of hydralazine. AB - The effect of ouabain (10(-3) M) on contractile responses of SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) and WKY (Wistar-Kyoto rat) aortas and mesenteric arteries was studied. Ouabain addition caused a rapid contraction of aortic strips with a steeper rate of rise and a larger maximal force development in strips from SHR than WKY. This difference in contractile response is known to occur in the prehypertensive period of SHR (4-week-old). Phentolamine (10(-6) M) pretreatment had no effect on the ouabain-induced contraction but partially suppressed it in both SHR and WKY aortas when diltiazem (10(-5) M) was also added. The difference in the ouabain-induced contractions of SHR and WKY aortas was more apparent in the residual contraction during suppression by diltiazem. The 45Ca uptake in the presence of ouabain was significantly larger in the early period of incubation in SHR aorta than in WKY aorta. The ouabain-induced contraction of hydralazine treated SHR aorta from the prehypertensive period was very similar to that of non treated WKY aorta. These results suggested that the abnormality of the ouabain induced contraction in SHR arterial smooth muscle could have arisen from an increased Ca2+ movement due to Ca2+ leakage when ouabain inhibited the Na+-pump in the membrane. This abnormality seems to start during the prehypertensive period and continue in the hypertensive stage. PMID- 3215271 TI - Qualitative discrimination between cocaine and amphetamine in rats. AB - After extensive training, rats discriminated amphetamine (1 mg/kg) from cocaine (either 5, 10 or 12.5 mg/kg) in a two lever drug versus drug discrimination task. In tests with saline, selection of the cocaine lever occurred in animals trained with 5 mg/kg cocaine. At higher training doses of cocaine, a (dose-related) tendency for lever selection to be equally distributed between the two levers was seen after saline injections. These data show that, at specific pairs of doses of cocaine and amphetamine, a qualitative discrimination between the drugs develops. PMID- 3215273 TI - Modulation of vascular tone by 12(R)-, but not 12(S)-, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. AB - The vascular activity of the two stereoisomers of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) was assessed on rabbit thoracic aortic rings. In vessels contracted in K+-free media, 12(R)-HETE inhibited the relaxations produced by the addition of KCl, in a concentration-dependent manner, while 12(S)-HETE had little effect. 12(R)-HETE, but not the 12(S) isomer, potentiated phenylephrine-induced contractions of aortic rings in normal buffer. Thus 12(R)-HETE can modulate vascular tone, perhaps by inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity. PMID- 3215272 TI - Evidence for an A2 adenosine receptor in human coronary arteries. AB - The present study was an attempt to characterize the type of adenosine receptor in human coronary arteries obtained from organ donors with the use of adenosine analogs. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (10(-6) M) produced tonic contractions followed by phasic contractions and diltiazem (10(-6) M) pretreatment changed the phasic contractions to tonic contractions. Adenosine and its analogs (5'-N-ethyl carboxamide adenosine, NECA and N6-L-phenyl-isopropyl adenosine, L-PIA), produced concentration-dependent relaxations of the tonic contractions and the order of potency was found to be: NECA greater than L-PIA greater than adenosine. 8 Phenyltheophylline (5 X 10(-6) M) antagonized the relaxations produced by adenosine and its analogs. The data suggest the existence of A2 adenosine receptor in human coronary arteries. PMID- 3215274 TI - The endogenous muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in Xenopus oocytes is of the M3 subtype. AB - The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor of the Xenopus oocyte was characterized electrophysiologically. Iontophoretic responses to acetylcholine were inhibited by the muscarinic antagonists 4-DAMP, pirenzepine and AF-DX 116 at respective IC50 values of 7 nM, 15 microM and 2 microM. This antagonist sensitivity order indicates that the receptor is of the M3 muscarinic subtype. PMID- 3215275 TI - GABAergic mechanism involved in sinoaortic denervation in rats. AB - GABAergic neurotransmission in sinoaortic denervated (SAD) rats with that in sham operated animals 15 days after operation. In sham-operated rats, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and 4-amino-butyrate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GABA-T) activities were higher in dorsal than in ventral regions of pons and medulla oblongata and a higher GAD activity was observed in anterior than in posterior hypothalamus. Fifteen days after SAD, GAD and GABA-T activities were significantly reduced in dorsal pons and in anterior hypothalamus whereas GABA-T activity was increased in ventral medulla oblongata. The results indicate the involvement of GABAergic neurotransmission in the deafferentation of the nucleus tractus solitarii by sinoaortic denervation. GABA hypothalamic inputs could be involved in the baroreflexes. PMID- 3215276 TI - Analgesia produced by centrally administered DAGO, DPDPE and U50488H in the formalin test. AB - Three opioid agonists ([D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO), [D-Pen2,D Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) and U50488H) were tested independently for their ability to produce analgesia in the formalin test. These agonists were chosen based upon their ability to act selectively at mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor types respectively. Rats received one intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of an agonist 20 min after subcutaneous injection of 15% formalin into a rear paw. Formalin injection produces continuous pain that results in two stereotypic behaviors, paw licking and paw lifting. Ten minutes after i.c.v. injection rats were observed for an 8 min period and scored for formalin-induced behavior. All agonists produced analgesia as indicated by a dose-dependent attenuation of formalin-induced behavior. At the doses tested, the rank order of analgesic efficacy was DAGO greater than DPDPE greater than U50488H. We suggest that centrally located mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors can each modulate the perception of this clinically relevant form of continuous pain. Additionally, the highest dose of DPDPE tested significantly increased rearing whereas DAGO and U50488H failed to affect rearing. PMID- 3215277 TI - Modulation of the accumulation of inositol phosphates and the mobilization of calcium in aortic myocytes. AB - In vascular smooth muscle cells the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13 acetate (TPA), a potent activator of C-kinase, inhibited the accumulation of inositol phosphates and the mobilization of calcium produced by several agonists. In the same way, TPA inhibited the fluoride-induced activation of phosphoinositide metabolism. These results suggest a C-kinase action at a post receptor level. Moreover, the fluoride-induced accumulation of inositol phosphates shows the presence of one or more guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) in the regulation of receptor-phospholipase C coupling. This was confirmed by the use of N-ethylmaleimide and pertussis toxin. These results support the view that, in addition to the induction of sustained contractions, C kinase can activate negative feedback mechanisms in aortic myocytes. PMID- 3215278 TI - Vasopressin and adrenalectomy-induced sensitivity to morphine. AB - Arginine vasopressin, vasopressin antiserum and a specific vasopressin pressor antagonist were injected intracerebroventricularly into adrenalectomized rats before morphine-induced antinociception was tested. In these experiments we have exploited previous findings which showed that the antinociceptive effect of opioids was potentiated after adrenalectomy; rats that were adrenalectomized in the morning under basal resting conditions of the pituitary-adrenal system displayed significantly higher response latencies after morphine administration than rats adrenalectomized in the evening. These effects were measured 7 days after adrenalectomy. The same conditions were used in this study. Both, the vasopressin antiserum and the vasopressin antagonist abolished the morning adrenalectomy-induced hypersensitivity to centrally injected morphine and were not effective when administered to rats that had been adrenalectomized in the evening. The reverse was observed after intraventricular administration of vasopressin. The peptide significantly raised the sensitivity to morphine-induced antinociception of rats that had been adrenalectomized in the evening whereas it did not affect antinociception in animals that had been adrenalectomized in the morning. Vasopressin levels determined by radioimmunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid were significantly higher in adrenalectomized animals. We propose that vasopressin is a critical neuropeptide factor involved in the adrenalectomy induced hypersensitivity to morphine antinociception. PMID- 3215279 TI - Muscarinic M2 receptors in bovine tracheal smooth muscle: discrepancies between binding and function. AB - Previous work showing that AF-DX 116, a cardioselective muscarinic antagonist in functional experiments, does not discriminate between muscarinic receptors in bovine cardiac and tracheal membranes has been extended. In addition to AF-DX 116 we used the muscarinic antagonists, atropine, pirenzepine, 4-DAMP methobromide, gallamine, hexahydrosiladifenidol and methoctramine, in radioligand binding experiments on bovine cardiac left ventricular and tracheal smooth muscle membranes. The functional antagonism of the methacholine-induced contraction of bovine tracheal smooth muscle strips was also evaluated. An excellent correlation was found for all compounds between the binding affinities for muscarinic receptors in cardiac and tracheal smooth muscle membranes; moreover, the affinities found in cardiac membranes correspond with the pA2 values reported for atrial preparations of rat and guinea pig. However, significant and occasionally marked discrepancies were found between binding and functional affinities of these muscarinic antagonists on bovine tracheal smooth muscle. PMID- 3215280 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of physostigmine in rats. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate a subcutaneous injection of physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg) from a similar injection of saline in a two-lever, food reinforced behavior paradigm. The training dose of physostigmine reduced the response rate to about 50% of that in saline sessions. The discriminative stimulus (DS) effect of physostigmine is mediated by a central cholinergic mechanism since it was antagonized by scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg), but was unaffected by methylscopolamine (1 mg/kg) or pirenzepine (3 mg/kg). Neostigmine produced predominantly saline-appropriate lever choice. Compounds which produced averages of greater than 80% responses on the physostigmine lever are: compound BM-5 (N methyl-N-(1-methyl-4-pyrrolidino-2-butynyl)-acetamide), tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA), RS-86 (2-ethyl-8-methyl-2,8-diazaspiro-(4,5)-decan-1,3-dion hydrobromide), cis-AF30 (2-methyl-spiro-(1,3-dioxolane-4,3')-quinuclidine), and pilocarpine. In comparison, oxotremorine, aceclidine (3-acetoxy-quinuclidine), arecoline, and nicotine produced a maximum average responding of 40-70% on the physostigmine lever. The DS effect of physostigmine in rats appeared to involve a greater participation of M1 and M2 muscarinic or the nicotinic receptor in the brain. PMID- 3215281 TI - [3H]GBR 12935 binding to dopamine uptake sites: subcellular localization and reduction in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. AB - [3H]GBR 12935 bound with high affinity to dopamine uptake sites in rat striatum where a close parallelism was observed between the subcellular localization profiles for [3H]dopamine uptake and [3H]GBR 12935 specific binding. Using the same ligand, we characterized the dopamine uptake sites in human striatum: the mean KD value was 3.2 nM and the specific binding was inhibited by several dopamine uptake blockers but with slightly lower affinities than those observed in the rat. The subcellular localization profile revealed a synaptosomal enrichment of the specific binding in human striatum. [3H]GBR 12935 binding was decreased in the putamen and caudate nucleus of subjects with Parkinson's disease (33 and 46% of control values, respectively) and progressive supranuclear palsy (38 and 57% of control values, respectively). It is very unlikely that the remaining binding sites in both diseases correspond to piperazine acceptor sites that are not involved in dopamine uptake. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that some of these remaining dopamine transporter sites are not functional, since the reduction in [3H]GBR 12935 specific binding was less marked than the decrease in the dopamine content of the same areas. PMID- 3215282 TI - Physostigmine induces in rats a phenomenon resembling long-term potentiation. AB - The study dealt with a phenomenon similar to long-term potentiation of hippocampal population spikes that was observed with a high dose of physostigmine given to rats. The population spikes in the dentate granule cells in anesthetized rats were enhanced to 135, 152 and 167% of the control level 60, 120 and 240 min after the administration of physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg i.v.), respectively. The time course of the enhancement was consistent with that of blocked paired pulse inhibition by physostigmine in anesthetized rats. Such a block of paired pulse inhibition was seen at the observation of the long-term potentiation phenomenon to tetanic stimulation (100 Hz, 2 s). Perfusion of physostigmine (10(-5) M) or bicuculline (10(-6) M) elicited second spikes following the population spikes in CA1 pyramidal cells. The second spikes elicited by physostigmine were decreased by scopolamine (10(-6) M) and muscimol (5 x 10(-7) M), while those caused by bicuculline were decreased by muscimol but not by scopolamine. It is suggested that physostigmine induces a long-term potentiation-like phenomenon through a transient, abrupt increase in excitability and the subsequent block of recurrent GABAergic inhibition in the hippocampus. PMID- 3215283 TI - Systemic haemodynamics of dihydropyridine derivatives in conscious pigs with or without propranolol. AB - The systemic haemodynamic effects of a 10 min i.v. infusion of three dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers, nifedipine (1, 2 and 4 micrograms.kg-1.min 1), nisoldipine (0.5, 1 and 2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) and nimodipine (1, 2 and 4 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) were studied in instrumented conscious pigs with or without a propranolol-induced beta-adrenoceptor blockade (0.5 mg.kg-1 bolus followed by 0.5 mg.kg-1.h-1). Initial experiments showed that the solvent used for the Ca2+ channel blockers had no haemodynamic effects and that the effects of propranolol wer constant during a 30 min period. Nisoldipine, nimodipine and nifedipine elicited qualitatively similar effects, causing a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. These effects were accompanied by a reflex-mediated increase in heart rate, cardiac output and left ventricular rate of rise in pressure (LVdP/dtmax). Nisoldipine was about 2-3 times more potent than the other two drugs. Propranolol did not modify the vasodilation induced by the Ca2+ channel blockers but attenuated the increase in heart rate, cardiac output and LVdP/dtmax. In view of the reflex-tachycardia and the absence of negative inotropic actions, these Ca2+ channel blockers can be combined with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists without further compromising the left ventricular pump function. PMID- 3215284 TI - Alteration of inositol phospholipid metabolism in rat cortex by lithium but not carbamazepine. AB - The effect of carbamazepine on inositol phospholipid metabolism was investigated in rat cerebral cortex. The stimulation of inositol phosphate formation by 5-HT (10 microM), carbachol (100 microM) and noradrenaline (30 microM) was not significantly altered by carbamazepine in vitro. 14 days treatment of rats in vivo with carbamazepine was similarly without effect on these parameters. In contrast 14 days treatment with LiCl reduced the agonist responses by 25-50%. The results are discussed in relation to the therapeutic actions of these drugs. PMID- 3215285 TI - Increased neuropeptide Y messenger RNA and peptide in sympathetic ganglia after reserpine pretreatment. PMID- 3215286 TI - The distribution of African swine fever virus isolated from Ornithodoros moubata in Zambia. AB - African swine fever (ASF) has been reported in the Eastern Province of Zambia since 1912 and is now considered to be enzootic there. A survey of the distribution of ASF virus in Zambia was carried out by virus isolation from Ornithodoros moubata ticks collected from animal burrows in National Parks and Game Management Areas in northern, eastern, central and southern Zambia. ASF virus was isolated from ticks in all areas examined. The prevalence of infection in O. moubata was between 0.4% in South Luangwa National Park and 5.1% in Livingstone Game Park and mean infectious virus titres ranged from 10(3.4) HAD50/tick in Kakumbe Game Management Area to 10(5.9) HAD50/tick in Chunga and Nalusanga Game Management Areas. The prevalence of infection in adult ticks was between 4.7% and 5.3% in all areas examined except Sumbu National Park and Livingstone Game Park, where the prevalence was 15.1% and 13.2% respectively in adult ticks. The ratio of infected females to males for all the infected adult ticks in all areas of Zambia was 3.2:1. PMID- 3215287 TI - Ontogenesis of the formation of secretory antibodies to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus. AB - Examination of sera from 184 children aged between 0 and 12 years and 161 adults revealed a close correlation between age and the level of humoral anti-RS virus immunity. Secretory IgG antibodies were found in children in their first months of life. Evidence for their release into secretions from the serum was obtained. This might explain the positive correlation between serum antibody levels in women recently confined with the morbidity due to RS virus in children during their first months of life. Secretory IgA antibodies were found from 4 months until old age. The secretions of children and adults contained virus-neutralizing activity which was non-immunoglobulin in nature, as well as antibodies. However, in contrast to secretory antibody this material did not prevent development of severe RS virus infections. PMID- 3215288 TI - Rubella-specific IgG subclass avidity ELISA and its role in the differentiation between primary rubella and rubella reinfection. AB - An antiglobulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rubella-specific IgG1 and IgG3 was adapted to measure antibody avidity by incorporating a mild protein denaturant, diethylamine (DEA), into the serum diluent. Sera were tested at varying dilutions, both with and without DEA, if they contained sufficient specific IgG1 or IgG3. The optical density (OD) was measured and curves were plotted. The highest OD (V) was noted and halved (V/2). The distance between the OD curves at V/2 was measured as the DEA shift value. Sera were examined from people whose sera contained rubella-specific antibodies as a consequence of infection or vaccination in the distant past (24 sera), recent primary rubella (66 sera), symptomatic reinfection (11 sera) or asymptomatic reinfection (64 sera). For specific IgG1 the DEA shift value was less than 0.6 for cases of rubella in the distant past, compared with greater than 0.8 for the first month after primary infection. The maximum DEA shift value for the sera from cases of reinfection was 0.65. No serum from cases of rubella in the distant past contained sufficient specific IgG3 to estimate avidity. The sera collected within 1 month of onset of primary rubella gave DEA shift values greater than 0.7 compared with sera from reinfections, which gave DEA shift values less than 0.6, except for two sera from a case of symptomatic reinfection. Thus the assessment of specific IgG subclass avidity is of value in differentiating serologically primary rubella from reinfection. PMID- 3215289 TI - Rubella-specific IgG subclass concentrations in sera using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): the effect of different sources of rubella antigen. AB - Five rubella antigens were evaluated in an antiglobulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rubella-specific IgG subclass antibody. One monoclonal anti-human IgG subclass antibody was used for each of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4, but two were compared for IgG3. A total of 101 sera were tested from cases of rubella in the distant past and from cases of primary rubella, reinfection and following immunization. Only one serum gave a discrepant result for specific IgG1, being positive with only one rubella antigen, a commercially prepared antigen coated on to microtitre wells (Enzygnost; Behringwerke). No sera contained detectable specific IgG2. Only four sera contained specific IgG4, and this was detectable only with Enzygnost antigen. For specific IgG3 little difference was observed between the two monoclonal anti-human IgG3 subclass antibodies; only two very weakly positive sera gave discrepant results. However, varying results were obtained for specific IgG3 with the different antigens. Enzygnost gave more positive results for specific IgG3 with most categories of sera. It is concluded that the differences between various reports of the rubella-specific IgG subclass profile cannot be explained entirely by the use of different rubella antigens. PMID- 3215290 TI - A study of intranasally administered interferon A (rIFN-alpha 2A) for the seasonal prophylaxis of natural viral infections of the upper respiratory tract in healthy volunteers. AB - The efficacy of interferon A (rIFN-alpha 2A), an Escherichia coli-derived interferon, in the prophylaxis of acute upper respiratory tract infection, was evaluated in a community-based double-blind placebo-controlled study in the Australian winter of 1985. The trial population of 412 healthy volunteers (190 males and 222 females, aged 18-65 years) self-administered 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 megaunits (MU) of interferon A per day or a placebo, intranasally for 28 days. The period of study coincided with an outbreak of H3N2 influenza A (detected in 35 of the 107 acute specimens) as well as substantial numbers of respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus infections. Rhinoviruses were isolated from only three specimens. In many cases, subjects had laboratory and clinical evidence of having had more than one respiratory tract infection during the period of the study. Viruses were detected in 54 or 107 acute specimens (49%). No statistically significant differences were noted between the various treatment groups in the incidence of laboratory-proven viral infection (virus isolation and/or antibody response). Analysis of reported symptoms indicated that blood-tinged mucus and nasal stuffiness occurred more frequently with higher doses of interferon. There appeared to be no clinical benefit from the use of interferon A in the amelioration of symptoms. PMID- 3215291 TI - Hospital-acquired infection with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive staphylococci. AB - In-patients at a London hospital over one year from whom the south-east England strain of 'epidemic' methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated were compared with in-patients with strains of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). MRSA were virtually entirely hospital-acquired; isolates before 10 days were uncommon and related to recent previous admission. Thereafter first isolates occurred at a fairly constant daily rate of about 1.9 per 1,000 in-patients. Acquisition of MSSA after more than 4 days in hospital occurred at a similar constant rate. Such strains were less likely to be penicillin-sensitive than strains isolated in the first 4 days after admission (11 vs. 22%) and were considered to be hospital-acquired. The single MRSA strain caused 40 infections in a year, about half of all hospital-acquired staphylococcal infections. Patients prescribed anti-staphylococcal antibiotics and patients with indwelling cannulae both had about a ninefold increased risk of acquiring MRSA. There was no reciprocal increase in MSSA infections after control measures had substantially reduced the number of MRSA infections. PMID- 3215292 TI - Pig bite injuries and infection: report of seven human cases. AB - Six patients developed local infection after being bitten or gored by swine. Wounding was often deep and occurred characteristically on the posterior aspect of the thigh. Severity of infection varied from simple wound infection with discharge and slough to cellulitis and abscess formation; pathogens included haemolytic streptococci, pasteurellae, Bacteroides sp., Proteus sp. and Escherichia coli and were usually isolated in mixed culture. A patient with Pasteurella aerogenes infection appears to be the first reported in England. A seventh patient developed Streptococcus milleri septicaemia after wounding himself while cutting teeth from piglets. It is suggested that a course of broad spectrum antibiotics should be given as part of the initial treatment when patients present with the more severe pig bite injuries. PMID- 3215293 TI - Nosocomial legionella pneumonia: demonstration of potable water as the source of infection. AB - From January 1983 until December 1985, 35 cases of sporadic nosocomial legionella pneumonia, all caused by Legionella pneumophila, were diagnosed in a university hospital. L. pneumophila serogroup (SG) 1 was cultured from 12 of the 35 cases and compared to corresponding L. pneumophila SG 1 isolates from water outlets in the patients' immediate environment by subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. The corresponding environmental isolates were identical to 9 out of 12 (75%) of those from the cases. However, even in the remaining three cases identical subtypes were found distributed throughout the hospital water supply. From the hospital water supply four different subtypes of L. pneumophila SG 1 were isolated, three of which were implicated in legionella pneumonia. Of 453 water samples taken during the study 298 (65.8%) were positive for legionellae. Species of Legionella other than L. pneumophila have not been isolated. This may explain the exclusiveness of L. pneumophila as the legionella pneumonia-causing agent. Our results suggest that the water supply system was the source of infection. PMID- 3215294 TI - The nature and properties of squirrel lens yellow pigment. AB - The low molecular weight yellow pigment in the gray squirrel lens is confirmed to be n-acetyl-3-OH-kynurenine (NAK). This conclusion is based upon the results of studies of the compound's optical, chromatographic, and mass spectroscopic properties. The original tentative identification of this compound was reported by Van Heyningen (1971, 1973). The pigment is distributed equivalently throughout the lens. Its absorbance increases with age, but the increase is related to the growth of the lens and not to an increase in pigment concentration. The function of NAK in the squirrel lens is to enhance vision by eliminating short-wavelength light that causes scattering and chromatic aberration. The pigmented lens also protects the retina from near-UV radiation-associated damage to the photoreceptors (Collier and Zigman, 1987). PMID- 3215295 TI - The isolation of a gene encoding interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. AB - The gene locus for bovine IRBP, as well as several kilobases of sequence flanking the gene on either end, has been cloned. Two of the several clones seem to contain full-length copies of the protein encoding portion of the gene. Using these clones and cDNA clones, we have determined that there are one or perhaps two copies of the IRBP gene per haploid genome in several species. The gene is compact considering the large size of the protein (145,000 daltons) and its large mRNA (about 6.5 kb). Surprisingly, the gene is no more than 14 kb, being fully contained on lambda clones of maximum packaging size 20 kb. Small parts of the gene were sequenced for the purpose of proving the identity of the genomic clones. DNA sequencing of one of the IRBP gene clones demonstrates the existence of an intron in the gene. The sequence analysis of another fragment identified the N-terminus which has been sequenced at the protein level. The DNA sequence analysis showed the existence of a putative signal sequence and the potential existence of a short five amino acid sequence between the signal sequence and the authentic N-terminus of the secreted extracellular IRBP. This confirms and validates the finding of the extra five amino acid sequence that is present on 40 50% of the polypeptides in monkey and human IRBP which have been isolated from the subretinal space. The presence of the appropriate gene sequence for the pentapeptide but its absence in bovine IRBP indicates differences in processing among the vertebrate IRBPs. PMID- 3215296 TI - Cell lineage analysis of lens epithelial cells induced to differentiate into fibres. AB - In explant cultures, lens epithelial cells grown in unsupplemented medium retain a morphology and packing arrangement similar to that found in the lens in vivo. In this culture system the epithelial cells can be induced to differentiate into fibres by the addition of retina conditioned medium (RCM). RCM also stimulates cell division. In order to trace the fibre cell lineage and to examine the relationship between cell division and fibre differentiation, single epithelial cells in explants from neonatal rat lenses were labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran. Explants were sub-divided into nine squares and one cell per square was injected with fluorescent label via a microcapillary. By marking the positions of labelled cells at 24-hr intervals for 6 days it was shown that most of the epithelial cells moved laterally within the explant. On average, cells in control explants moved about 20 microns day-1. Cells did not move in any particular direction within the explants and often changed direction. RCM stimulated a dramatic increase in migratory activity. There was about a four-fold increase in migratory activity in the first 24-hr interval, then, even with continued exposure to RCM, this activity quickly dropped over the next 2 days to the same levels as found in controls. As in controls, the cells moved in no particular direction and often changed direction. The observation that RCM stimulates cell migration in this explant system raises the possibility of an important role for active cell migration in the lens in situ. After 6 days culture the dimensions of labelled cells were measured using an image analyser. The areas of cells in controls fell within a narrow range from about 60- to 200 microns2. In contrast, explants grown in RCM had a wide range of cell areas from about 120- to 1500 microns2 and a large proportion of the cells showed some degree of elongation. In explants grown in RCM, 27.3% of labelled cells divided and half of these divisions were during the first 24 hr of culture. Overall there were about 9% more divisions recorded in RCM-treated than in control explants. An analysis of sizes of cells after 6 days of culture showed that whether or not cells divided after addition of RCM they showed very similar frequencies of cell sizes. Therefore, proliferating cells in the explants appear to be as capable of elongating and differentiating into fibres as the non-proliferating cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3215297 TI - Age changes in rhesus monkey ciliary muscle: light and electron microscopy. AB - The ciliary muscle from 44 rhesus monkeys ranging in age from 137-day fetuses and a 3-week neonate to 35-year-old adults was studied by light and electron microscopy. In the fetuses and the neonate, the muscle cells appeared immature, and the muscle consisted mainly of longitudinally oriented fibers. By age 1 year, the muscle fibers were aggregated into bundles, and within each bundle the individual fibers were packed tightly together. In sagittal section, the muscle now exhibited longitudinal, reticular and circular portions. The individual muscle cells exhibited ultrastructural characteristics which set them apart from other smooth muscle cells. Age-related structural changes occurred in the ciliary muscle and intramuscular nerves, beginning at 6 years. These included increasing numbers of lysosomes, 'fingerprints', and the appearance of myelin figures within some nerve endings and nerve fibers. These alterations became more frequent and pronounced with age, and in elderly animals were seen in all regions of the muscle and around its entire circumference. Additionally, the elderly animals exhibited overt degeneration of some muscle cells and some myelinated nerve fibers. The time-course of these age-related structural neuromuscular alterations parallels the decline of functional accommodative amplitude (i.e. presbyopia) and of the ciliary muscle's configurational response to peripheral pharmacologic and central electrical stimulation. This suggests a pathophysiologic, albeit (given the relatively moderate overall abnormalities) not necessarily causal, relationship. An age-related increase in the number of pigmented cells between the ciliary muscle bundles also occurred, with the anterior longitudinal region being affected last. This might reflect an age-related decline in uveoscleral drainage of aqueous humor. PMID- 3215298 TI - Distribution of a 488.0-nm-excited fluorophor in the equatorial plane of the human lens by a laser Raman microprobe: a new concept in fluorescence studies. PMID- 3215299 TI - Differentiation of human lens epithelial cells in tissue culture. PMID- 3215300 TI - Inherited retinal dystrophy in the RCS rat: prevention of photoreceptor degeneration by pigment epithelial cell transplantation. PMID- 3215301 TI - Kinematic variability of grasp movements as a function of practice and movement speed. AB - Grasp movements were studied in six female subjects to determine the effects of practice and movement speed on kinematics and movement variability. Subjects performed four-joint pinch movements of the index finger and thumb, with 200 repetitions at each of three durations (100, 200, and 400 ms). As observed previously, movements of high velocity were performed with bell-shaped, single peaked velocity profiles. In contrast, slower movements (approximately 200, 400 ms) were performed as a series of two to four submovements with multiple peaks in the associated joint angular velocity profiles. With practice, only the slowest movements (400 ms duration) showed significant reductions in variability of joint end-positions. Surprisingly, variability of finger and thumb joint end-positions did not increase with increasing movement speed as has been observed for arm pointing movements. This was apparently due to reductions in positional variability during deceleration of the movement which offset increases in positional variability during acceleration. Neither practice nor movement speed affected variability of the location of fingertip contact on the thumb, which always occurred on the thumb distal pulpar surface. PMID- 3215302 TI - Prefrontal stimulus-produced hypotension in rat. AB - In 41 rats, bipolar electrical stimulation was administered to various regions of the frontal cortex, including the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), infralimbic cortex, and convexity cortex. Resulting alterations of blood pressure and heart rate were noted. It was observed that hypotension resulted from stimulation administered to either LPFC, infralimbic cortex or ventral portion of MPFC (i.e. prelimbic cortex). Furthermore, stimulation of the LPFC typically produced bradycardia, whereas stimulation of the MPFC or infralimbic cortex had little or no effect on heart rate. Pharmacological and surgical blocks of the vagus nerves failed to attenuate the stimulus produced hypotension (SPH), as elicited from the prefrontal or infralimbic cortices, thus demonstrating that SPH in rats is not mediated by the vagus nerves. However, intraperitoneal injections of norepinephrine, which mimicked a state of increased sympathetic tone, were observed to completely block SPH. Accordingly, it is suggested that SPH may occur as the result of sympathetic inhibition. Furthermore, intravenous injections of naloxone were also observed to also completely block SPH, thus demonstrating that SPH may be mediated via opioid pathways. PMID- 3215303 TI - Perception of the immediate extrapersonal space through proprioceptive inputs. AB - In the present work we sought to examine the idea that an internalized representation of space can be formed and used in the absence of visual information. To this end human subjects were trained to locate 5 points within a horizontal plane at shoulder level, under guidance of an acoustic signal. Next, reaching accuracy was determined for both the trained and the untrained hands without external cues. This allowed comparison of hand positioning that could be based upon a memory trace or proprioceptive inputs (trained hand) to hand positioning that must be based upon a more abstract internal representation than proprioceptive memory (untrained hand). The effect of training on reach accuracy of the two hands and the effect of prolongation the time interval between guided and recall (unguided) trials were studied. Finally, subjects were asked to interpolate between already learned target positions, a procedure which tested their ability to utilize an abstract construct of space. The relative contribution of the elbow and shoulder joints to reaching errors was determined. This analysis served to evaluate whether representation of spatial locations was based on joint angle coordinates, or on a more abstract extracorporeal reference system. Our results indicate that a memorized sensory image of the limb, which corresponds to the hand being at the target position, is used whenever possible. An abstract representation of position is used whenever comparison of the actual sensory input to a memorized sensory trace is made impossible, costing an approximately 25% reduction in accuracy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215304 TI - Divergent projections of physiologically characterized rat ventral cochlear nucleus neurons as shown by intra-axonal injection of horseradish peroxidase. AB - An attempt was made to correlate electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of rat ventral cochlear nucleus neurons. Their axonal course and their soma morphology were investigated using the intra-axonal horseradish peroxidase method. Prior to labeling, neurons were characterized by recording their response patterns to acoustic stimulation with pure tones. Three types of cells were found: Category I (37 neurons) exhibited "primarylike" responses and a spontaneous firing rate below 10 spikes/s. Category II (21 neurons) showed "on" responses and little spontaneous activity. Category III (9 neurons) had "primarylike" responses like neurons in category I. However, the spontaneous activity rate of these neurons was significantly higher (mean: 95 spikes/s). Among the response categories, the morphological characteristics differed in some prominent aspects. Within each category, however, the morphological properties were rather similar. All neurons in category I were globular/bushy cells located in the area of the entrance of the cochlear nerve. The axon of each cell coursed along the ventral acoustic stria and consistently innervated the lateral superior olive ipsilaterally, and the nucleus of the trapezoid body and the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus contralaterally. Some neurons also projected to periolivary nuclei ipsilaterally and contralaterally. Neurons in category II were located in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus and were presumably multipolar/stellate cells. Their axons coursed via the intermediate acoustic stria and innervated mainly contralateral periolivary regions as well as the contralateral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Ipsilaterally, the lateral superior olive and the superior periolivary nucleus were innervated by some of the category II neurons. Somata types of neurons in category III could not be identified morphologically, but somata were located in caudal parts of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus that correspond to the octopus cell area. Their axons coursed via the intermediate acoustic stria and innervated periolivary regions and the contralateral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Thus, their axonal distribution differed only slightly from neurons in category II. These data confirm and extend previous findings regarding the efferent connections of ventral cochlear neurons. They emphasize the complexity of the axonal projection patterns of single cochlear nucleus cells. Since two types of response patterns and three types of axonal projection patterns have been observed, there remains an ambiguous relation between response pattern and axonal projection site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215306 TI - The ipsilateral field representation in the striate cortex of the opossum. AB - Reference axes for the visuotopic study of the opossum's striate cortex were estimated from corresponding binocular response fields using multi-unit recording. These central binocular axes (CBA) were derived from experimental data based on the concept that corresponding receptive fields for each eye should be mostly in register under natural conditions. Vertical reference meridians, orthogonal to these axes, define a contralateral and an ipsilateral field for each eye with respect to the recording site. An ipsilateral field representation was observed for both eyes in the striate cortex at the transition zone with peristriate. Maximal values for the center and border of ipsilateral receptive fields were, respectively, 8 and 20 degrees for the contralateral eye and 6 and 14 degrees for the ipsilateral eye. An equivalent ipsilateral field representation was found in animals that had the anterior commissure cut prior to the recording session. This suggests that the ipsilateral field of both eyes may be represented in the striate cortex via the ipsilateral optic tract. Additionally, it was observed that the region of higher ganglion cell density in the retina shows a flattened distribution and that the CBA intersects the retina at the temporal aspect of this region. PMID- 3215305 TI - Blockade of intracortical inhibition in kitten striate cortex: effects on receptive field properties and associated loss of ocular dominance plasticity. AB - We have investigated the importance of GABAergic inhibition for the receptive field properties and plasticity of cells in the visual cortex of kittens. Osmotic minipumps were used to continuously infuse the GABA-antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (BIC), into striate cortex. Extracellular recordings were made during BIC infusion to assess neuronal response properties during the blockade of inhibition. Recordings were also made from other kittens after concurrent monocular deprivation and BIC infusion to investigate the importance of response selectivity for ocular dominance plasticity. The minipump delivery technique was used to produce a large volume of cortex presumably free of GABA-ergic inhibition. Compared to recordings in saline-infused control hemispheres, about half of the cells in bicuculline-infused hemispheres had abnormally low orientation selectivity. The low selectivity was generally accompanied by marked anomalies in several other receptive field properties. Particularly striking was the large size of the receptive fields. At eccentricities less than 10 deg many receptive fields subtended from 10 to over 30 deg of arc. The less selective neurons also had abnormal responses to flashed stimuli, giving strong transient responses to the onset and offset of large stationary stimuli which filled their receptive fields. These results imply that intracortical inhibition normally suppresses responses to stimuli within a large excitatory zone beyond the classical receptive field. Inhibition is necessary for the normal orientation selectivity of many cells, although the selectivity may be partially established by the cell's excitatory input. Additionally, intracortical inhibition appears to be necessary for the antagonism and segregation of ON and OFF receptive field subregions. In our study of plasticity, we exploited the fact that BIC treatment greatly increases the range of stimuli that activate cortical neurons. Kittens were monocularly deprived for 7 days concurrently with cortical infusion of BIC. After cessation of the drug treatment, physiological recordings were made. Response properties had returned to normal but neurons in BIC-infused hemispheres had a significantly reduced ocular dominance shift compared to neurons in control hemispheres. This is probably related to the reduced selectivity of cells during BIC infusion. The suggestion here is that there is diminished ocular dominance plasticity in BIC-infused hemispheres because of an increased probability of correlated activity between spontaneous discharge from the closed eye and the cortical activity evoked by the open eye afferents. PMID- 3215307 TI - The effects of intra-subicular ibotenate on resistance to extinction after continuous or partial reinforcement. AB - Intracerebral injections of ibotenate were used to produce, in rats, extensive cell loss in the subiculum. These rats and sham-operated controls were trained to run in a straight alley for food reward delivered on a continuous (CR) or partial (PR) reinforcement schedule. In controls PR training gave rise to the well-known partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE), i.e., greater resistance to extinction than that observed in CR-trained animals. Previous experiments have shown that large aspiration lesions of the hippocampal formation eliminate the PREE; and that ibotenate-induced lesions of the subicular region plus either the hippocampus or the entorhinal cortex disrupt it. In contrast to these previous results, the PREE was unaltered in the present experiment by damage largely restricted to the subiculum. This lesion caused only relatively small changes in running speeds during acquisition. Thus the critical region(s) of damage within the hippocampal formation for disruption of the PREE remains uncertain. PMID- 3215308 TI - Mediodorsal thalamic lesions impair differential Pavlovian heart rate conditioning. AB - Rabbits with bilateral ibotenic acid or vehicle injections into the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) received differential Pavlovian heart rate (HR) conditioning in which tones of different frequencies served as conditioned stimuli (CSs) and a paraorbital electric shock train was the unconditioned stimulus (US). Rabbits with ibotenic acid lesions of MD demonstrated impaired differential HR conditioning, due primarily to enhanced responding to the non reinforced CS-. The magnitude of the HR conditioned response (CR) was somewhat enhanced in lesioned animals compared to vehicle control animals, as was the HR component of the orienting response to non-reinforced tones. These results are consistent with a role for MD in some aspect of association formation, possibly through its mediation of the late-occurring sympathetic component of the conditioned HR response. These data also demonstrate that MD does not participate in the vagal drive that produces Pavlovian conditioned bradycardia. PMID- 3215310 TI - Partial and complete deafferentation of cat hindlimb: the contribution of behavioral substitution to recovery of motor function. AB - After partial (spared-root) or complete hindlimb deafferentation, locomotion and accurate limb placement during locomotion recover considerably. In the present study movement was studied during and after recovery to determine whether altered motor patterns could substitute for normal ones in the recovery of motor behavior. In acute L6 spared-root preparations somatosensory postural reflexes are impaired, accurate limb placement deficient and joint angle measurements show altered kinematic motor patterns during locomotion. As somatosensory postural reflexes and accurate limb placement recover, so do the motor patterns. After complete deafferentation motor patterns are more disturbed. Somatosensory postural reflexes remain absent but as descending reflexes recover, so does accurate limb placement during locomotion. In deafferented hindlimbs, in contrast to spared-root preparations motor patterns observed chronically (after recovery of accurate placement) are persistently abnormal indicating that novel motor patterns can replace normal ones in the recovery of goal-directed behavior. The results suggest that behavioral substitution can contribute to recovery of useful movement. PMID- 3215311 TI - Dynamic otolith stimulation improves the low frequency horizontal vestibulo ocular reflex. AB - The horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex was measured electro-oculographically in four cats during sinusoidal rotations in the dark at frequencies from 0.01 Hz to 1.0 Hz in five body orientations. Vertical axis rotations in the prone and supine positions were used to stimulate horizontal canals only. Horizontal axis rotations, with the cat on the left or right side or nose down (pitched 90 degrees from prone) were used to stimulate horizontal canal plus otolith organs. At frequencies below 0.05 Hz the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex produced by horizontal canal plus otolith stimulation showed a more accurately compensatory response than the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex produced by horizontal canal stimulation alone. Canal plus otolith horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex gain and phase remained relatively constant across all frequencies, while the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex gain and phase from orientations involving canal stimulation alone changed dramatically as rotation frequency decreased. In addition, the reflex in the supine position showed gain decreases and phase advances at higher frequencies than in the prone position. PMID- 3215309 TI - Spared-root deafferentation of a cat's hindlimb: hierarchical regulation of pathways mediating recovery of motor behavior. AB - Previous studies showed that after complete hindlimb deafferentation in cats, the ipsilateral descending pathways mediated recovery of overground, goal-directed locomotion and accurate placement of the deafferented limb. In the present study deafferentations sparing one dorsal root (L6) were performed to see if the descending systems would still be responsible for the recovery. The partially deafferented hindlimb is initially impaired in postural reflexes and accurate placement during locomotion but considerable recovery occurs. A similar pattern of severe impairment and subsequent recovery is observed in cats in which the only lesion is L1 hemisection. When a hemisection is added 6 months later to chronic spared-root deafferentation the recovery (from the latter lesion) is temporarily reversed but the animals recover again in a fashion similar to that after hemisection alone. Since there is no recovery of overground locomotion when hemisection is added to complete deafferentation but there is when deafferentation is incomplete, the descending pathways apparently are not responsible for maintaining the recovery when one dorsal root is spared as they are when all are cut. The results suggest that a competitive or hierarchical control over residual systems may regulate recovery of motor function. PMID- 3215312 TI - Receptive field properties of thalamo-cortical taste relay neurons in the parvicellular part of the posteromedial ventral nucleus in rats. AB - Twenty-five taste and 35 mechanoreceptive neurons were recorded from the parvicellular part of the posteromedial ventral nucleus (VPMpc) in rats. Among them, 14 (56%) of the taste and 7 (18.4%) of the mechanoreceptive neurons were antidromically activated from the cortical taste area (CTA) with a latency of 1-4 ms and identified as thalamocortical (TC) relay neurons. No significant differences were evident in the receptive field properties or in the location in the VPMpc between the TC and non-TC neuron groups. Two classes of TC neurons were recognized: one class consisted of neurons which were most excited by NaCl among the four basic taste stimuli with receptive fields (RFs) confined to a part of the oral cavity, e.g. the anterior tongue, and the other class contained neurons which were most excited by sucrose or HCl, with RFs over a wide area of the oral cavity. Both the TC and non-TC neurons showed similar effects of CTA stimulation: post-stimulus time histograms revealed a long lasting inhibition followed by a rebound facilitation of spontaneous discharge. PMID- 3215313 TI - Postural adjustments induced by simulated motion of differently structured environments. AB - We have investigated how visual information of a scene, moving along the line of sight of a subject, affects postural readjustments made by a subject when instructed to maintain an upright posture. Two different types of stimulus patterns were presented each inducing a different optic flow field. In one case an optic flow field was induced by simulating motion of a subject relative to a wall and in the second case by stimulating motion of a subject through a tunnel. In both cases clear effects on postural balance were observed. It suggests that postural responses are invariant for the structure of the moving environment. The amplitude of the postural responses did not depend on the velocity of the simulated motion, and therefore did not depend on the absolute magnitude of the optic flow components. The amount of texture in the moving scene proved to be an important factor. In addition, it was found that the control of postural balance is not exclusively dominated by information provided by the peripheral part of the subject's visual field. Moreover, the results indicate that the divergence component in the optic-flow field alone is not sufficient to control posture in forward/backward direction. PMID- 3215315 TI - Behavioural and electrophysiological studies on the paradoxical antinociceptive effects of an extremely low dose of naloxone in an animal model of acute and localized inflammation. AB - We have previously described the paradoxical antinociceptive effect of low doses of an opiate antagonist, naloxone, in rats suffering from chronic arthritis induced by Freund's adjuvant. In the present work, the appearance of this naloxone sensitivity was studied, using a model of inflammatory hyperalgesia with a more rapid onset, namely carrageenin-induced rat paw edema. In these animals, an extremely low dose of naloxone (3 micrograms/kg i.v.), induced a clear antinociceptive effect (as gauged by the vocalisation threshold to paw pressure), which was observed for both the edematous and the contralateral hind-paw. Small and transient 1 h after carrageenin injection, this effect increased progressively 4 h and 24 h later, reaching a level comparable to that observed with morphine 1 mg/kg i.v. in normal rats, at 24 h. Electrophysiological studies performed in parallel, confirmed the behavioural data so that 24 h after the injection of carrageenin, naloxone (3 micrograms/kg i.v.) reduced the VB thalamic neuronal responses elicited by stimulation of the inflamed paw by 50%. Hypothesis concerning the mechanisms of the paradoxical action of naloxone in models of inflammatory hyperalgesia are discussed. PMID- 3215314 TI - Identification of X versus Y properties for interneurons in the A-laminae of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - Roughly 25% of the neurons in the A-laminae of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus are local interneurons, while the remaining 75% are relay cells that project to the visual cortex. The interneurons form the focus of our study. The relay cells are either X or Y cells and are thereby integral links in the parallel and independent retino-geniculo-cortical X and Y pathways. Little is known about the response properties of interneurons, largely because it is difficult to identify them clearly during electrophysiological recording. However, they can be identified by morphological criteria. We thus studied their response properties by recording intracellularly from geniculate neurons to characterize them and then injecting them with horseradish peroxidase (HRP); the HRP labeling subsequently allowed us to distinguish relay cells from interneurons. In this manner, we studied 171 relay cells (83 X and 88 Y) and 15 interneurons. The response properties tested for each of the interneurons were indistinguishable from those of the relay X cells. We conclude that these interneurons are directly innervated by retinogeniculate X axons and are firmly embedded in the X pathway. We found no evidence for interneurons in the Y pathway. PMID- 3215317 TI - Practice improves even the simplest movements. AB - Three subjects practiced accurate, fast elbow flexions of 54 degrees to a 3 degrees wide target. Movements of 36 degrees, 54 degrees and 72 degrees were then tested. Comparison over the three distances showed that the normally monotonic relationship between movement distance and movement time is alterable by specific training. Subjects learn to go faster over the practiced distance by refining their neural commands to the muscles. The benefits of practice only partially transfer to other distances. We conclude that many of the relationships seen among movement variables in simple tasks are plastic in nature and affected by prior experience. PMID- 3215316 TI - Organization of feedback and feedforward projections of the barrel cortex: a PHA L study in the mouse. AB - In order to analyze the organization of the efferent projections of single barrel columns (BC, i.e. a barrel in layer IV of parietal cortex plus the cortical tissue above and below it), we made small iontophoretic injections of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin in the barrel cortex of 20 adult mice. On the basis of reconstructions of the sites of terminal labelling, the brain regions receiving projections from the barrel cortex could be identified and classified in five groups. Each group is characterized by the topography of the distribution of efferents arising from a single BC. The projections to the trigeminal sensory complex are point to point: i.e. one BC projects only to the site of termination of the primary sensory neurons innervating the corresponding whisker follicle. In the ventrobasal thalamic nucleus BC projections are not restricted to the corresponding barreloid; instead they contract parts of barreloids belonging to one arc. In the reticular and posterior thalamic nuclei the projections from a row of BC's converge to a collective termination site, whereas in the superior colliculus the projections from an arc of BC's converge to a common termination site. There is a complete overlap of BC projections in restricted zones within SII, motor cortex, perirhinal cortex, contralateral barrelfield, caudoputamen and pons. The organization of the efferents from the barrel cortex demonstrates a contrast between feedback and feedforward projections from this important area of neocortex. PMID- 3215319 TI - Trends in abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery in Scotland (1971-1984). AB - The trends in diagnosis, operative workload and mortality of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm in Scottish hospitals between 1971 and 1984 were analysed using the Scottish Hospital In-patient Statistics. The frequency of diagnosis of aneurysm increased from 25.8 per 100,000 population aged over 55 in 1971 to 63.6 per 100,000 in 1984. The proportion of diagnosed aneurysms treated by operation rose from 24% in 1971 to 41% in 1984, resulting in a 4-fold increase in operative workload. Despite the rise in diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm, the ratio of elective to emergency procedures has only improved slightly during the 14 years, the majority still being operated on as emergencies. The operative mortality following elective procedures fell from 10.5% in 1971 to 4.3% in 1984, while that for emergencies fell from 50% to 36%. The reasons for the increased surgical workload are multifactorial. It is not solely a consequence of an ageing population as the proportion of Scots aged over 55 years increased by only 4% during this period. The evidence from this study suggests that the rise in workload is secondary to an increase in the frequency of diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm in all age groups and to the fact that a greater proportion of diagnosed cases are now offered surgery. PMID- 3215318 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of transmitter-identified central neurons by "en bloc" immunofluorescence histochemistry and confocal scanning microscopy. AB - A new method for three-dimensional reconstruction of transmitter-identified neurons is presented which involves "en bloc" immunofluorescence histochemistry and confocal scanning microscopy. The technique was applied to different types of neurons in the rat brain and lamprey spinal cord. Thick sections or tissue "blocs" (50-200 micron thick) were incubated with antisera against neuropeptides or monoaminergic markers, followed by fluorescent secondary antibodies. Three dimensional reconstructions were obtained by scanning the preparations in sequential focal planes with a thin laser beam, while sampling the emitted light in each focal plane. The method is convenient and can be applied to a wide variety of neuron types. The reconstructions obtained are accurate since the "optical serial sections" of the specimen are perfectly aligned, and optic disturbances such as "halo" phenomena do not occur. PMID- 3215320 TI - Three years experience with denaturated venous homografts as an arterial substitute: a clinical, pathological and immunological study. AB - Over a three-year-period 105 peripheral arterial reconstructions were performed using a denaturated venous homograft in a group of patients with no suitable autologous vein. A retrospective analysis has been carried out to investigate the patency rate of this graft. After three years 64% of all grafts are functioning well (according to the Life Table Method, Kaplan & Meyer). No significant differences in patency rates were found between reversed autologous veins and the material tested in this study but analysis of grafts removed after failure showed obstruction due to thrombosis or aneurysmal dilatation. No evidence of an immune response to the grafts was seen. PMID- 3215321 TI - Microvascular circulatory changes in the lower extremities after reconstructive vascular surgery for intermittent claudication. AB - We have studied the circulatory changes in the lower extremities after reconstructive vascular surgery in ten patients with intermittent claudication. The following examinations were carried out 3 days before, 3 days, and 28 days after the operation: measurement of ankle systolic blood pressure, calf plethysmography, resting calf muscle blood flow and resting subcutaneous foot blood flow. The vasoconstrictor response (veno-arteriolar reflex) was also assessed. On the night before the operation and on the 28th night after aorto bifemoral bypass surgery, subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow in the forefoot was measured during sleep. The ankle systolic blood pressure and the ankle index rose significantly. The former increased from 57 +/- 16.4 mmHg to 93 +/- 24.0 mmHg (mean +/- S.E.M.) and was still elevated on the 28th postoperative day. The total limb blood flow, the muscle blood flow and the blood flow in the subcutaneous tissue of the forefoot during daytime were unchanged. In contrast, the blood flow in the forefoot during sleep increased significantly from 3.5 +/- 1.63 ml x (min x 100 g)-1 to 5.2 +/- 2.14 ml x (min x 100 g)-1 (mean +/- S.E.M.) on the 28th night. The vasoconstrictor response was potentiated, and increased from 27% before the operation to 45% on the third postoperative day. This change was maintained 28 days postoperatively. In conclusion the increase in arterial blood pressure was only reflected in the vasoconstrictor response which had returned to normal by the third postoperative day and nocturnal blood flow in the subcutaneous adipose tissue which did likewise. PMID- 3215322 TI - Distal anastomotic intimal hyperplasia: biogenesis and etiology. AB - Anastomotic intimal hyperplasia occurred exclusively at the heel and the toe plus the floor of the distal end-to-side anastomosis of canine autologous femoro femoral bypass (n = 14) and not in the end-to-end carotid or femoral interposition graft (n = 14). The occurrence of anastomotic intimal hyperplasia in the absence of compliance mismatch in an autologous bypass suggests that the geometry of the end-to-side anastomosis is primarily responsible for intimal hyperplasia formation. It is believed that because an end-to-side distal anastomosis is not a natural occurrence it is conductive to turbulent flow. The latter causes endothelial injury which in turn allows platelet growth factor to incite subendothelial myoblasts in extracellular matrix synthesis and intimal hyperplasia formation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identify myofibroblasts and fibrocollagenous matrix as the dominant cellular and extracellular substances in anastomotic intimal hyperplasia. PMID- 3215323 TI - Intraoperative assessment of in situ saphenous vein bypass grafts by vascular endoscopy. AB - Intraoperative vascular endoscopy was used in 20 femorocrural in situ saphenous vein bypass procedures in order to control valvular incompetence, to localize side branches and to assess the integrity of the distal anastomosis. We used an Olympus Fiberscope (PF-27L) with a diameter of 2.7 mm and a working length of 80 cm, which had fixed illuminating and viewing fibers and a steerable tip, Valvulotomy was performed according to the technique described by R. Leather using a valve-cutter. In 8 out of 20 patients, partly retained valve leaflets were found by intraluminal inspection and could be immediately corrected. The integrity of the distal anastomosis was verified angioscopically in 14 patients. In addition, venous side branches, which had to be ligated, were easily identified under direct vision and localized by transillumination of the endoscopic light through the skin. Vascular endoscopy seems to be a practicable and time saving method to control in situ vein bypass procedures. The steps of the procedure and early results after 20 bypasses for limb salvage are presented. PMID- 3215324 TI - Popliteal venous aneurysm. AB - A case of popliteal venous aneurysm in a 69-year-old male is presented. Although rare these aneurysms are potential sources of thromboembolism indicated by the fact that they are most often discovered in patients with a history of recurrent pulmonary embolism. The aneurysm was successfully treated by simple surgical resection and a short course of oral anticoagulants. PMID- 3215325 TI - A persistent hypoglossal artery arising from the external carotid artery. PMID- 3215326 TI - Predicting the normal dimensions of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 3215327 TI - CT scanning after aneurysm repair. PMID- 3215328 TI - [The participation of dopamine in the vascular reactions and metabolic processes of the brain]. AB - The dopamine effect on the tension of perfused vessels and the arterial BP depended on its doses in acute experiments on anesthetized cats. Dopaminergic vasodilatory components in perfused vessels responses and the BP were determined with joint blockade of alpha- and beta-receptors. Oxygen and glucose consumption increased in the brain during continuous i.v. infusion of various doses of dopamine (5 mg/kg/min and 100 mg/kg/min). The effect of dopamine on blood circulation and cerebral metabolism mediated through adrenergic (alpha- and beta ) and dopaminergic structures, is discussed. PMID- 3215329 TI - [Effect of destruction of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei on the dynamics of swimming and haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats]. AB - After bilateral destruction of suprachiasmatic nuclei, with adjacent hypothalamic structures remaining intact, the number of rest-activity cycles during forced swimming as well as short waves with 2-4-min periodicity in haloperidol catalepsy, were increased in rats. The circadian rhythm became disorganized. Suprachiasmatic nuclei seem to be able to delay and synchronize the fluctuations with short periods in motor activity. PMID- 3215330 TI - [The structuro-functional modulus of the microcirculatory network of the cerebral cortex in rats]. AB - Complex investigation carried out in rats with the aid of polarographic microelectrodes revealed a mosaic distribution of blood supply within a small volume of nerve tissue in resting. The activation of cortical neurons was accompanied by local functional hyperemia and increased level of oxygen available. The hyperemia spread over a 200-300 mu area corresponding to the sides of neuronal columns. The data obtained have shown that the system of the cortex blood circulation and oxygen transport to neural tissues is based on a special microcirculatory module responsible for circulatory-metabolic supply of separate groups of neurons and composed as vertically oriented columns. PMID- 3215331 TI - [Myocardial contractility in newborn kittens under a physiologic loading regimen]. AB - The angles of ramp of normalized dependences: "strength-velocity" and "terminal systolic length--terminal systolic strength" proved to be lesser under physiological loads in isolated papillary muscles of newborn kitten as compared with adult cats. Adrenaline increased the slope of these dependences up to the values characteristics of the adult cat's myocardium in saline. The data obtained suggest a low level of the calcium activation and ATPase activity of contractile proteins of the myocardium in newborn kitten. PMID- 3215332 TI - [Electrical activity of the heart cells and myocardial contractility during a change in extracellular sodium concentration]. AB - The transmembrane potentials of the cells of the ventricle contractile myocardium of the rat and frog isolated hearts were studied as well as the strength of the ventricle contraction under the effect of a decrease (to 30 mM) or increase (up to 200 mM) in the sodium chloride concentration in the perfusate. The decrease led to a fibrillation of ventricles, 80-85% of contractile cells generating a high-frequency activity, 12-15% preserving the same AP and 3-5% having completely lost the excitability. The increase only affects the transmembrane potentials of ischemized myocardium. The decrease in the sodium concentration led to an augmentation of the contraction strength through the sodium-calcium exchange mechanism. PMID- 3215334 TI - [Characteristics of gastric juice secretion and its regulation in ducks]. PMID- 3215333 TI - [The nature of the reactions of organ arterial and venous vessels in the combined action of catecholamines]. AB - In cats, the obviousness of constriction responses of arterial and venous vessels to combined action of adrenergic stimuli depended upon the adrenaline/noradrenaline ratio: a 2,4,6-fold decrease in one of the components reduced the responses as compared with their action when being in equal ratio. PMID- 3215335 TI - [Characteristics of the combined effect of serotonin and histamine on the secretory function of the gastric glands]. AB - The effect of serotonin, its combined effect with histamine on the gastric glands secretory function, and the morpho-functional condition of the mucous membrane of stomach were studied in dogs with the stomach fistula. The secretory response of gastric glands induced with histamine depended on the dose of serotonin. In combined action of serotonin and histamine, both the content of pepsin in gastric juice and the concentration of sodium and potassium ions increased. PMID- 3215337 TI - [Characteristics of the heat exchange of the body with the environment (research on a heat physics model)]. AB - In the heat physics model of the rabbit body (with no regulation), thermal discrete stimuli (20-min duration) induced a change of the model body temperature by +/- 0.5 degree C of an established level. Returning of ambient temperature to initial value did not return the model body temperature to initial level for a long time (6-8 hrs). A thermal discrete action equal in value but opposite in direction was necessary for restoration of initial level of the model body temperature. PMID- 3215336 TI - [The role of various classes of catecholamines in the central regulation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal cortex system]. AB - Adrenaline, norepinephrine and dopamine were stereotaxically administered into mediobasal hypothalamus of rats. The data obtained revealed an activating catecholamine effect on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system (HHAS). The most obvious activating effect on the hormonal status of HHAS was characteristic of norepinephrine, less pronounced was the effect of "stress" doses of adrenaline and dopamine, the aforementioned effect was insignificant with dopamine in physiological concentration. PMID- 3215339 TI - [Effect of acetylcholine on the electrical and secretory activity of the pancreatic acinar cells]. PMID- 3215338 TI - [The nature of local hyperpolarization of the subsynaptic membrane in rat muscle fibers]. PMID- 3215340 TI - [A differential inductive transformer for measuring the strength characteristics of isolated smooth muscle preparations]. PMID- 3215341 TI - [The blood-perfused tail artery of the rat as a model for studying spontaneous vascular tonus]. PMID- 3215342 TI - Hazardous effects of disinfection and sterilization chemicals. PMID- 3215343 TI - Let's talk. PMID- 3215345 TI - AIDS news. PMID- 3215344 TI - Barrier techniques heeded. PMID- 3215346 TI - Women and AIDS. PMID- 3215348 TI - The dental assistant's role in applying pit and fissure sealants. PMID- 3215347 TI - Infection control management--are you protected? PMID- 3215350 TI - Dear Jill. PMID- 3215349 TI - Specialized dental assistants: is there a need? PMID- 3215351 TI - Managing professionals: a theoretical guide to understanding work relations. PMID- 3215352 TI - The role of the dental assistant in rubber dam preparation, application, and removal. Part I. PMID- 3215353 TI - How to write your resume. PMID- 3215354 TI - Saliva key to AIDS treatment? PMID- 3215356 TI - Do dentists really care? PMID- 3215357 TI - Getting by with a little help from your friends. PMID- 3215355 TI - Expanded duties: results of ADAA's nationwide survey. PMID- 3215358 TI - Dental staff shortage: how to attract quality auxiliaries. PMID- 3215359 TI - Ways to make your billing statements more effective. PMID- 3215361 TI - Checking references: make the best of a no-win situation. PMID- 3215360 TI - Direct composite inlays: a profitable practice-builder. PMID- 3215362 TI - The pain doctors: removing the mask of pain. PMID- 3215363 TI - Coaching: a management style that really gets results. PMID- 3215365 TI - Early detection of HIV infection. PMID- 3215364 TI - The no-holes schedule. PMID- 3215366 TI - Accreditation consultants: leaders in the education of future dental hygienists. PMID- 3215367 TI - Pain control: an overview of the legislative action packet. PMID- 3215368 TI - Patient perceptions of protective gloves: a disease transmission barrier technique. PMID- 3215369 TI - Plaque reaccumulation following engine polishing or toothbrushing: a 90-day clinical trial. PMID- 3215370 TI - Teacher practices and student satisfaction in dental hygiene programs. PMID- 3215372 TI - Strategies to improve instrument sharpening. PMID- 3215371 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome among California dental hygienists. PMID- 3215373 TI - A smoking cessation program for the oral health care practice. PMID- 3215374 TI - Toothbrushing frequency and personal hygiene in 14-year-old schoolchildren. PMID- 3215376 TI - [Acquired deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor, persistent eyelid edema and subcutaneous lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3215375 TI - [Patch testing with nickel compounds]. PMID- 3215377 TI - [Differential diagnostic problems in localized skin and bone tuberculosis with tuberculous changes in the cheek mucosa. Case report]. PMID- 3215378 TI - [Think of leprosy again more frequently!]. PMID- 3215379 TI - [Ultrastructural findings in ultraviolet-irradiated lymphocytes and granulocytes]. PMID- 3215381 TI - Pros and cons of partnership. PMID- 3215382 TI - Communication. Part 5: Non-verbal. PMID- 3215380 TI - [Inhibition of granulocyte phagocytosis in relation to ultraviolet irradiation dose and wave-length in vitro]. PMID- 3215383 TI - Communication. Part 6: Job interview. PMID- 3215384 TI - The personal touch brings in the business. PMID- 3215385 TI - Sparkling spaciousness. PMID- 3215386 TI - Coming alive. PMID- 3215387 TI - Structure of one of the neuropeptides of the egg-laying hormone precursor of Lymnaea. AB - The neurosecretory caudo-dorsal of the freshwater pulmonate snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a peptidergic system controlling egg laying and egg-laying behavior, produce several neuropeptides. One of these peptides, calfluxin, causes the influx of Ca2+ into the albumen gland, a female sex gland of the snail. In the present study calfluxin was purified and the amino acid composition was determined. The ratio of the amino acids appeared to be very close to that of one of the predicted peptides present on the egg-laying hormone precursor of Lymnaea. This peptide was synthesized and shows a clear biological activity in the bioassay. Furthermore, it shows a chromatographic behavior similar to that of the natural peptide. Based on these evidences it is concluded that the sequence of calfluxin is: Arg-Val-Asp-Ser-Ala-Asp-Glu-Ser-Asn-Asp-Asp-Gly-Phe-Asp. Calfluxin shows a remarkable homology with the sequence of one of the predicted peptides on the egg-laying hormone precursor of the marine opisthobranch Aplysia californica. PMID- 3215388 TI - Properties of fatty acyl-coenzyme A: estradiol-17 beta acyltransferase in bovine placenta microsomes. AB - The properties of the enzyme catalyzing the formation of non-polar derivatives of estradiol-17 beta (E2) esterified to long-chain fatty acids have been investigated in microsomal preparations from bovine placenta cotyledons. A rapid enzyme assay has been developed which involves simple solvent partitioning. The membrane-bound enzyme showed a pH optimum of 5.0 and addition of fatty acyl coenzymes A (CoAs), such as oleoyl-CoA, palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoleoyl-CoA, increased [3H]E2-fatty acyl ester formation from [3H]E2 by some 7-fold. Linoleoyl CoA, linolenoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA were much less effective as acyl donors. Only 17 beta-fatty acyl monoesters were synthesized in each instance. Similar results were obtained with microsomes or mitochondria from bovine endometrium. The apparent Km for E2 employing placenta microsomes was 8.0 +/- 2.2 (SD) microM. Steroids such as testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol acted as competitive inhibitors (Ki values 79, 46 and 39 microM, respectively). These, and other data to be reported separately, which showed that these steroids were substrates for the enzyme, demonstrate that the latter is not specific for E2. The [3H]E2-fatty acyl ester fractions biosynthesized from [3H]E2 and bovine placental or endometrial tissue were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and were found to have similar compositions characterized by a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 3215390 TI - Angiotensin II-stimulated changes in calcium metabolism in cultured glomerulosa cells. AB - Studies were performed to evaluate the relationships between the effects of angiotensin II on calcium metabolism and cytosolic free calcium concentration in primary monolayer cultures of bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells. As noted previously (Kramer (1988) Am. J. Physiol. (in press], angiotensin II produced rapid dose-dependent increases in cytosolic calcium characterized by both an initial transient component and a secondary sustained component. In the absence of extracellular calcium, angiotensin II produced an initial increase in cytosolic calcium comparable to that produced in the presence of calcium, but failed to maintain a sustained calcium signal. The initial, angiotensin stimulated increase in cytosolic calcium was inhibited by dantrolene and 8-(N,N diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) in a concentration-dependent fashion. The onset of the angiotensin-stimulated calcium signal was accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in the rate of calcium efflux that achieved a maximum within 2-3 min and then declined to a level 2.5-3 times that from control cells. The initial rate of calcium influx was also increased about 2.5-fold by angiotensin II, an effect that was only apparent in cells that had been treated with the peptide for at least 5 min. These results indicate that the calcium signal produced by angiotensin II is initiated by the rapid mobilization of calcium from an intracellular site(s) and sustained by the continued uptake of extracellular calcium. Moreover, the kinetics of the calcium signal as well as the final, sustained calcium concentration achieved reflect the balance between intracellular calcium release, calcium influx and calcium efflux. PMID- 3215389 TI - Protein phosphorylation changes in bovine carotid artery smooth muscle during contraction and relaxation. AB - The protein phosphorylation changes associated with the contraction and relaxation of bovine carotid artery smooth muscle were studied using two dimensional gel electrophoresis of labeled phosphoproteins. Muscle was stimulated with histamine, angiotensin II, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate (DPB) or high extracellular K+. Histamine induced a rapid and sustained contraction which was associated with an early (2 min) phosphorylation of 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC) and two cytosolic proteins, Nos. 1 and 2, and with the late (60 min) phosphorylation of MLC, two isoelectric variants of desmin and ten other cytosolic proteins. Additionally, there was a decrease in the extent of phosphorylation of two cytosolic proteins, Nos. 9 and 10. Angiotensin II induced a rapid but transient contraction which was associated with the same early (2 min) phosphorylation changes, but with none of the late (60 min) changes. Elevation of the extracellular K+ concentration to 110 mM led to a sustained contraction which was associated with the phosphorylation of MLC and proteins Nos. 1 and 2 at both 2 and 60 min, but none of the other late phase phosphoproteins were seen. Addition of DPB, an activator of protein kinase C, induced a slowly developing but sustained contractile response which was associated with none of the early (5 min) phosphorylation changes. However, nearly all of late (60 min) protein phosphorylation changes were the same as those seen after histamine action. Addition of forskolin to either control or histamine-treated muscle led to an increase in the phosphorylation of three cytosolic proteins (Nos. 3, 8 and 13), and in the histamine-contracted muscle the dephosphorylation of MLC and proteins Nos. 4, 9, 10, 15 and 16. Similarly, forskolin induced a relaxation of DPB-treated muscle and the dephosphorylation of proteins Nos. 4, 9, 10, 15 and 16. These results suggest that there are two pathways by which histamine activates contraction: a Ca2+-calmodulin pathway which initiates the response, and a protein kinase C pathway which, along with the Ca2+-calmodulin pathway, sustains contraction. PMID- 3215391 TI - Kallikrein gene expression in estrogen-induced pituitary tumors. AB - Anterior pituitary kallikrein-like enzyme activity, immunoreactivity and mRNA levels have previously been shown to be regulated by estrogen, in parallel with prolactin. In this study, we have examined the relationship between kallikrein and prolactin mRNA levels in estrogen-induced pituitary tumors. Treatment of Fischer 344 rats with diethylstilbestrol implants for 3, 5 and 7 weeks produced a dramatic increase in kallikrein mRNA levels and a modest increase in prolactin mRNA levels. These changes were partially reversed by bromocriptine treatment, and completely reversed by bromocriptine plus estrogen withdrawal. Using a panel of oligonucleotide probes specific for various members of the rat kallikrein gene family, we have shown that the kallikrein-like gene expressed appears to be true kallikrein. PMID- 3215392 TI - Evidence for a role of the Leydig cells in control of the intratesticular secretion of inhibin. AB - Injection of adult male rats with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in the levels of immunoactive inhibin in testicular interstitial fluid (IF), which differed from the pattern of change in testosterone levels. Blockage of the hCG-induced increase in IF levels of testosterone, by administration of aminoglutethimide, only partially attenuated the increase in levels of inhibin. Inhibin levels in IF were only increased by doses of hCG which cause inflammatory changes and focal seminiferous tubule damage, but there was no association between the degree of tubule damage and inhibin levels. It is concluded that one or more luteinizing hormone (LH) regulated, non-steroidogenic Leydig cell products may be involved in the paracrine control of inhibin secretion. These data are of clinical relevance and of potential physiological significance. PMID- 3215394 TI - Hyaluronate accumulation and nerve-dependent growth during regeneration of larval Ambystoma limbs. AB - Hyaluronate-mediated expansion of the extracellular matrix has been suggested as an important element of growth and morphogenesis in several developing systems. In vitro, various growth factors have been shown to stimulate hyaluronate synthesis as well as cell proliferation. A similar link between proliferation and hyaluronate production during in vivo growth is difficult to demonstrate, because in most systems the source of growth-promoting factors is either not known or not amenable to experimental manipulation. During amphibian limb regeneration, cell proliferation depends upon paracrine release of factors from axons in the limb stump, and the nerve supply can be eliminated or augmented experimentally for study of growth in this system. Denervated and amputated limbs of larval salamanders do not begin to regenerate until distal areas of the limb stumps are reinnervated. We have used such limbs to examine the effect exerted by the reappearance of nerves on the amount of hyaluronate in the tissue undergoing the growth response. Hyaluronate was demonstrated by the metachromatic dye Ethyl Stains-all, which stains hyaluronate blue while sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteins in the extracellular matrix stain various shades of violet, and by microspectrophotometry of alcian-blue-stained GAGs in serial sections pretreated with buffer or with Streptomyces hyaluronidase (SH) to remove hyaluronate specifically. Both methods showed little hyaluronate in the distal region of limb stumps prior to reinnervation, while reinnervated stumps had amounts of hyaluronate similar to those of control blastemas. Autoradiography of 3H-glucosamine-labeled limbs indicated that hyaluronate in the blastemas of reinnervated limb stumps included material newly synthesized by cells throughout the growing tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215393 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing head activator in precursor form and immunocytochemical localization of head activator precursor and head activator peptide in the neural cell line NH15-CA2 and in hydra. AB - A synthetic gene for the hydra neuropeptide head activator (HA) was used to produce large amounts of an HA bacterial fusion protein. From this protein an HA containing fragment was cleaved out, attached in high copy number to carrier proteins, and used as an immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies able to recognize head activator in precursor form. Using such antibodies and others with different specificities for HA epitopes in combination with different fixation procedures, we detected HA immunoreactivity in three locations in the HA-rich neural cell line NH15-CA2. A precursor-like HA immunoreactivity was present in the cytoplasm of cells and detected, independent of fixation procedure, by monoclonal antibodies characterized as HA-precursor-specific. With antibodies specific for the HA peptide, two immunoreactivities could be distinguished, one within cells and one at the outer cell membrane. HA was detected within differentiated cells with long processes when crosslinkers such as carbodiimide or glutaraldehyde were applied together with agents like methanol. HA peptide bound to target cells was restricted to small round cells with an undifferentiated morphology, especially to those in the process of cell division. In hydra HA precursor immunoreactivity was localized in interstitial cells and in developing nerve cells. HA peptide immunoreactivity was present in nerve cells, but was more concentrated on and in target cells such as interstitial cells and epithelial cells. In tissue sections immunoreactive cells were especially abundant in regions of high HA content such as hypostome, subhypostomal region, and the future head region of developing buds. PMID- 3215395 TI - Appearance of specific proteins in the apical plasma membrane of cultured renal collecting duct principal cell epithelium after chronic administration of aldosterone and arginine vasopressin. AB - Principal cell epithelium of renal collecting duct from neonatal rabbit kidney was cultured in the presence of aldosterone (1 x 10(-6) M) and arginine vasopressin (AVP; 1 x 10(-6) M) for 10 days to investigate, by immunohistochemical methods using specific monoclonal antibodies, whether the hormones influence the expression and insertion of plasma membrane proteins. The experiments demonstrated that aldosterone alone or aldosterone plus AVP significantly increased the number of epithelial cells reacting at the luminal and lateral plasma membrane with the antibodies CD 2 and 3, specific for renal collecting duct, as we have shown in the kidney. In cultures treated with aldosterone and aldosterone plus AVP, nearly all epithelial cells were labelled by the antibodies, while controls or AVP treatment showed 41% and 24% unreactive cells, respectively. These findings were complemented with electrophysiological experiments, in which epithelia pretreated by aldosterone or aldosterone plus AVP showed significantly hyperpolarized transepithelial voltage (Vte) and higher resistance (Rte) than controls or AVP-treated specimens. The experiments demonstrated that chronic administration of aldosterone or of aldosterone plus AVP to increase Na+-transport was paralleled by the appearance of collecting-duct specific proteins in the epithelium. Consequently, this result indicates that aldosterone influences the functional maturity of the cultured epithelium. PMID- 3215397 TI - [Principles of maintaining dynamic stability of EEG frequency range in humans]. PMID- 3215396 TI - Differentially regulated production of platelet-derived growth factor and of transforming growth factor beta by a human teratocarcinoma cell line. AB - The human teratocarcinoma stem cell line Tera-2 clone 13 is induced by retinoic acid to differentiate in vitro into endodermal or neuroectodermal cell types. In the absence of externally added growth factors, Tera-2 clone 13 cells proliferated at the same rate as in the presence of serum growth factors. Analysis of serum-free medium conditioned by Tera-2 clone 13 cells showed the presence of a polypeptide immunologically and biochemically related to platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). In addition transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), but no TGF-alpha production could be detected. Tera-2 clone 13 cells specifically expressed high levels of the A-chain mRNA, but not the B-chain mRNA of PDGF. During retinoic acid induced differentiation the level of A-chain mRNA became markedly reduced. In contrast the TGF-beta mRNA levels increased significantly upon differentiation. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of regulation of growth and differentiation in early embryos as well as in (human) teratocarcinomas. PMID- 3215398 TI - [Ultra-slow modulations of EEG and ECG parameters in the studies of the functional status of healthy persons]. PMID- 3215399 TI - [Modeling of the regulation of the accommodation system of the eye]. PMID- 3215400 TI - [Characteristics of biorhythm of the indicators of external respiration in humans after completing passive orthostatic test]. PMID- 3215401 TI - [Thermal and electric conductivity in the Zakharin-Head areas of the skin in the normal state]. PMID- 3215403 TI - [Control of muscular activity in the final position of the joint during performing simple rapid movements by man]. PMID- 3215402 TI - [The "silent period" during relaxation and induced contraction of functionally different muscles]. PMID- 3215405 TI - [Various indicators of hemodynamics and the blood system in the evaluation of the effectiveness of healthful running]. PMID- 3215404 TI - [Effect of physical exertion on the factors of nonspecific resistance and steroid hormone levels in human blood]. PMID- 3215406 TI - [Effect of non-enzymatic inhibitor of fibrinolysis from the splenic tissue on the activity of the heparin-antithrombin III-thrombin complex in vitro and during activation of the anticoagulation system]. PMID- 3215407 TI - [Water-excreting and ion-regulating functions of the kidneys in children with constitutional-exogenous obesity]. PMID- 3215408 TI - [Age-related characteristics of hemodynamics in humans in response to stimulation of the system of osmoregulation]. PMID- 3215409 TI - [Age-related characteristics of the structural-functional status of the left ventricle in young sportsmen of different specialties]. PMID- 3215410 TI - [Diurnal profile and correlations between the indicators of lipid metabolism and the hemostasis system in healthy persons]. PMID- 3215411 TI - [Effect of complex methods of relieving neuro-emotional stress on cardiorespiratory indicators of workers]. PMID- 3215412 TI - [Various indicators of health status during 3-month watchmans' duty period]. PMID- 3215413 TI - [Physiological determinants of functional conditions of human body during watchmen's work schedules]. PMID- 3215415 TI - [Characteristics of distribution of light in the retina]. PMID- 3215414 TI - [Status of the body's functional systems in mine rescue workers in extreme conditions]. PMID- 3215416 TI - [Asymmetry of time distribution of simple sensory motor reaction]. PMID- 3215417 TI - [Age-related characteristics of sweat-secreting function in children]. PMID- 3215418 TI - [A new method of using a flexible acoustic tube for measuring sound pressure in human tympanic membrane]. PMID- 3215419 TI - [Usefulness of transesophageal stimulation in the evaluation of sinus node function in patients with sick sinus syndrome]. AB - The purpose of this study was to find out whether transesophageal pacing could be utilized for assessment of sinus node function, besides Wenckebach point, in patients with sick sinus syndrome. In 17 patients with sino-atrial disease (group I) we compared the results of sinus node tests obtained both in the basal state and after pharmacological autonomic blockade by endocavitary stimulation and 24 hours later, by transesophageal pacing. In another group of 17 patients with sino atrial disease (control group) we compared the results obtained from two endocavitary studies. In group I, sinus cycle length and corrected sinus recovery time did not show significant differences between the two studies either the basal state or after autonomic blockade, whereas sino-atrial conduction time was more prolonged during esophageal pacing (P less than 0.01). In the control group, sinus node measures did not show significant differences between the two studies. In group I, the following coefficients of correlation were obtained: A) in the basal state sinus cycle length, r = 0.65, corrected sinus recovery time, r = 0.57, sinoatrial conduction time, r = 0.52; B) after autonomic blockade sinus cycle length, r = 0.95, corrected sinus recovery time, r = 0.62 and sino-atrial conduction time, r = 0.53. In the basal state, the correlation for sinus cycle length and corrected sinus recovery time between the two studies was lower in the "study group" than in the "control group" (P less than 0.05). However, after autonomic blockade the correlation for sinus node measures did not show any significant differences between the two groups of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215420 TI - [Reoperation in patients with heart valve prostheses. Analysis of risk factors affecting perioperative mortality]. AB - Sixty-two patients with at least one prosthetic heart valve each underwent a total of 70 reoperations. Their cases were analysed with special regard to the risk of perioperative mortality and to the factors affecting that risk. The age of the patients studied was 47 +/- 14.6 years (mean +/- 1 SD), and 4.75 +/- 4 years had elapsed since their previous operation. A total of 85 prostheses were implanted at the time of initial surgery. Forty-nine of those were mitral, 28 were aortic, and 8 were tricuspid prostheses. There were 48 mechanical valves, 24 bioprostheses and 13 Carpentier rings (9 of the latter being mitral and 4 tricuspid). At reoperation (n = 70) 95 valves required treatment. Eighteen patients died following their first reoperation (18/62, 29%), and two more died after a second reoperation (2/8, 25%). Actuarial probability of hospital survivors being alive 8-9 years following reoperation was 47 +/- 15%. It was found by multiple regression analysis that the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (p less than 0.01), surgical priority (p less than 0.05) and the patient's age (p less than 0.05) were the only independent predictors of hospital death. A review of the literature and our own results suggest that surgical problems encountered with reoperation have unfavourably affected surgical results in the past. Objective risk factors are currently more related to the operative outcome. For these to be neutralised, patients with dysfunctioning prosthetic heart valves should be operated at an early stage before they reach a critical one. Only patients with stable, mild dysfunction unlikely to worsen acutely may probably be followed-up safely. PMID- 3215421 TI - [Comparison of two-dimensional echocardiography, angiocardioscintigraphy and cineventriculography in the study of left ventricular wall motion in ischemic cardiopathy]. AB - Thirty-two patients with non acute myocardial infarction (inferior in twenty, anterior in ten, anterior and inferior in two) were studied with contrast left ventriculography, two-dimensional echocardiography and radionuclide angiography to assess left ventricular wall motion. We adopted the CASS criteria for the standard left ventriculography, and the Mayo Clinic classification for the echocardiographic study. Radionuclide angiography studies were obtained in left anterior oblique view; the images were evaluated with the use of Walsh-Hadamard transform; the left ventricle was divided in basal and apical septal, apical, posterolateral, posterobasal and two central segments. We tried to correlate the findings of the three techniques both for single segments and larger regions made of contiguous segments. Left ventricular angiography and two-dimensional echocardiography showed a fair concordance for both anterobasal and posterolateral left ventricular wall, whereas for the septal, apical and posterolateral regions contrast and radionuclide angiography had the best correlation. Compared to left ventricular angiography two-dimensional echocardiography shows better sensitivity than radionuclide angiography; the latter is more specific in defining left ventricular wall motion. The two non invasive techniques are therefore helpful in the evaluation of wall motion and their role is complementary. PMID- 3215422 TI - [Quantitative echocardiographic study of the left ventricular function in acute aortic infective endocarditis]. AB - Left ventricular (LV) function in 45 patients with native aortic valve infective endocarditis was studied in order to identify high surgical risk patients and the pattern of irreversible myocardial damage. LV function was studied by M-mode and 2D-echocardiography (LV volumes; ejection fraction, EF; peak systolic pressure to end-systolic volume ratio (PAP/ESV) as an index of myocardial contractility; LV mean systolic wall stress as an index of LV afterload and the radius to thickness ratio (R/Th). Thirteen patients underwent aortic valve replacement with an overall operative mortality of 15%. The cause of death was intractable heart failure. Different EF vs stress relationships could be described for different level of myocardial contractility: patients with intractable heart failure had a severely depressed myocardial contractility so that for a given level of LV stress, EF was significantly lower. High operative risk patients were identified by the PAP/ESV vs R/Th relation. All surgical deaths occurred in patients with a severely depressed myocardial contractility (PAP/ESV less than 2) and inadequate hypertrophy (R/Th greater than 4). Reversal of LV dysfunction in patients with moderately depressed myocardial contractility depended on the pattern of LV hypertrophy; a normal post-operative EF was achieved only in patients with adequate hypertrophy (R/Th less than 4). PMID- 3215424 TI - [Total agenesis of the left pericardium. Description of a case]. AB - Total agenesia of the left pericardium is an uncommon congenital anomaly. The case of a 20-year-old male patient practising sports and complaining of atypical chest pain is described. The Authors point out the importance of the particular ECG and Rx findings obtained varying the patient's supine position. The fundamental role of chest CAT scanning as a non-invasive diagnosis technique is confirmed. PMID- 3215423 TI - [Calcification of the mitral ring and semilunar valves: clinico-instrumental aspects. Sensitivity and diagnostic specificity of M-mode echocardiography versus autopsy findings]. AB - Mitral ring calcification is a frequent finding in geriatric patients. The aim of this study was: 1) to analyze clinical and instrumental features of patients with calcific mitral ring identified through M-mode echocardiography (group A: 96 pts) with respect to those observed in a control group (group B: 104 pts); 2) to define the sensitivity and specificity of M-mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of mitral ring and aortic valve calcification by means of comparison with autopsy findings. Data on arterial hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, heart failure, phosphoremia and calcemia values were similar in both groups. On the contrary, in group A, permanent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, aortic valve calcification and left atrial diameter was significantly higher then in group B (p less than 0.05; p less than 0.001; p less than 0.001 respectively). The prevalence of AV and IV cardiac blocks was similar in both groups. Twelve group A patients were restudied with M-mode echocardiography, after a variable period of time, to evaluate the velocity of calcification progression. An autopsy was carried out on the twenty-six pts who died within 3 months after the M-mode echocardiography study. The evaluation of the autoptic findings was performed with high resolution radiographic image, obtained from a heart transverse section containing mitral and aortic plane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215425 TI - [Seminar on "Evaluation of ventricular function using radioisotopes". Introduction]. PMID- 3215426 TI - [Use of angiocardioscintigraphy in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3215427 TI - [Possibilities of the use of angiocardioscintigraphy in non-ischemic heart diseases]. PMID- 3215428 TI - [Nd:YAG laser treatment of colorectal villous tumors]. AB - Fifty-eight patients, 23 men, 35 women (mean age 76 +/- 10 yrs), with colorectal villous adenomas underwent endoscopic neodymium Yag laser therapy. In 50 patients with interpretable results, tumor ablation was complete in 45 p. 100 of extensive adenomas involving at least two thirds of the circumference and extending longitudinally for at least 4 cm, in 92 p. 100 of intermediate adenomas between 1 and 4 cm in diameter and in 100 p. 100 of small adenomas with diameter less than or equal to 1 cm. These patients had a mean follow up of 72 weeks (range 13-182 wks). Twelve adenomatous tissue recurrences occurred in 9 patients. In 10 of these recurrences, laser ablation was effective. Age, sex, dysplasia grade, macroscopic appearance, or tumor location did not influence the results which were related to the size of the villous adenomas. Four complications occurred: a symptomatic stenosis, an asymptomatic stenosis, an ileocaecal fistula and a rectal fistula near a colorectal anastomosis. PMID- 3215429 TI - [Effect of the development of portosystemic shunts in the maintenance of portal hypertension in rats]. AB - We studied the role of portosystemic shunt development in the maintenance of portal hypertension in a prehepatic portal hypertension rat model. A first group was studied two days after partial portal vein ligation. When portosystemic shunts were negligible; the second group was studied 3 weeks after the partial portal vein ligation, when large portosystemic shunts were present. Portal pressure was significantly higher in the first group than in the second group (19.9 +/- 0.8 mmHg (mean +/- 1 SD) and 12.8 +/- 2.3 mmHg, respectively; p less than 0.001). When compared with sham operated rats: a) portal tributary blood flow (measured with the radioactive microspheres method) was decreased in the first group (- 34 p. 100; p less than 0.01) and increased in the second group (+ 32 p. 100; p less than 0.02); b) portal system vascular resistance was markedly increased in the first group (+ 269 p. 100; p less than 0.001) and did not significantly change in the second group (+ 30 p. 100). These results suggest that portosystemic shunt development decreases portal pressure but not to normal value because portal tributary blood flow is increased. Moreover the increase in portal system vascular resistance and in portal tributary blood flow play different roles in the maintenance of portal hypertension depending on the stage of evolution of portal hypertension. PMID- 3215430 TI - [Onset or aggravation of esophagitis after intestinal wash-out]. PMID- 3215431 TI - [Ulcerative esophagitis after ingestion of Selexid]. PMID- 3215432 TI - [Isolated esophageal localization of Crohn's disease. Spontaneous favourable course. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3215433 TI - [A new case of hepatitis caused by thiopheol]. PMID- 3215434 TI - The effect of a new gastric proton pump inhibitor on serotonin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. AB - The anti-ulcer effect of NC-1300, a new proton pump inhibitor, and its effect on gastric mucosal blood flow were studied in rats. Acute gastric mucosal lesions were induced by the subcutaneous administration of serotonin, 20 mg/kg. Using the electrolytically generated hydrogen gas clearance technique, it was determined that such gastric ulceration resulted mainly from a decrease in gastric mucosal blood flow. These lesions could be inhibited to a statistically significant extent by the intravenous administration of NC-1300, 20 mg/kg, which markedly inhibited gastric acid secretion. However, the serotonin-induced decrease in gastric mucosal blood flow could not be prevented by pretreatment with 20 mg/kg of NC-1300. It was concluded that protection against serotonin-induced gastric ulceration can be achieved by markedly inhibiting gastric acid secretion. PMID- 3215435 TI - Effect of continuous intravenous infusion of secretin preparation (secrepan) in patients with hemorrhage from chronic peptic ulcer and AGML. AB - This study was conducted to evaluate the hemostatic effect of continuous intravenous infusion of secrepan (secretin preparation, Eisai Company Ltd. Tokyo) on gastroduodenal hemorrhage in patients with chronic peptic ulcer and AGML (acute gastric mucosal lesion). The patients consisted of 37 cases of bleeding ulcer (13 cases of chronic peptic ulcer and 24 cases of AGML). Secrepan was infused at a rate of 2U/kg/hr for the first 3 days and 0.5U/kg/hr for the next 4 days. The cumulative hemostatic rate in the chronic peptic ulcer group was 53.9% after 36 hours, and 76.9% after 48 hours of infusion, but no significant change in rate was observed thereafter. The cumulative hemostatic rate in the AGML group was 52.2% after 36 hours, and 95.7% after 72 hours of infusion. The hemostatic rate in chronic peptic ulcer and AGML cases with only slight or moderate bleeding was 100%, and no recurrent hemorrhaging was observed. The hemostatic rate in chronic peptic ulcer cases with severe bleeding was 62.5% and in AGML cases with severe bleeding was 93.3%, and 7 of 15 cases showed recurrent hemorrhage. Our findings indicated that continuous intravenous infusion of secrepan had more favorable effects on AGML cases, than on chronic peptic ulcer cases. PMID- 3215436 TI - Prevalence and mortality of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Japan. AB - A descriptive epidemiological study of ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis or Crohn's disease in the general population in Japan was conducted. Mortality rates were based on death certificate records and prevalence rates on the statistics of public aid patients with intractable diseases. Between 1969 and 1985, age-adjusted mortality rates from ulcerative colitis gradually decreased. For regional enteritis, these rates did not change. The prevalence of ulcerative colitis in Japan from April 1, 1984 to March 31, 1985 was 7.85 per 100,000 (6.44 for males, 9.22 for females). The prevalence of Crohn's disease was 1.86 (2.25 for males, 1.48 for females). These figures are one fourth to one fortieth of the rates in Western countries. PMID- 3215437 TI - Dynamic relationship between urea and glutamine synthesis in the mechanism of ammonia detoxication: a tracer study using 15NH4Cl in fulminant hepatic failure rats. AB - Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) was produced in rats with intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine. 15NH4Cl (50 mg/kg of body weight) was injected into the rats via the tail vein. Arterial blood was drawn before and 5, 15, 30, 60 min after the injection of 15NH4Cl. 15N-ammonia, -urea, and -glutamine (amide and amino) were determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The plasma 15N-ammonia level was higher but decreased more rapidly in the FHF rats than in the control rats. This suggests that in FHF rats, the systemic vascular pool of ammonia is enlarged and ammonia clearance from blood is increased. The incorporation of 15N into urea was significantly different between the two groups. In FHF rats, the plasma urea-15N level rose 5 min after the injection, decreased at 15 min and was elevated again up to 60 min after injection. This biphasic change suggests that in FHF rats the incorporation of 15N into the extrahepatic glutamine pool is accelerated up to 15 min and that after 30 min a larger volume of glutamine-amide-15N is transferred to the urea cycle. PMID- 3215438 TI - Inhibitory effects of synthetic acidic retinoid and polyprenoic acid on the development of hepatoma in rats induced by 3'-methyl-N, N-dimethyl-4 aminoazobenzene. AB - A study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of acidic retinoid (trimethylmethoxyphenyl analog of retinoic acid ethylester or TMMP) and polyprenoic acid (3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid or E 5166) on the development of hepatoma induced by 3'-methyl-N, N-dimethyl-4 aminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB) in rats. Morphometric analysis of liver specimens was employed to evaluate the antitumor effects of the compounds in detail, and revealed significant decreases in the number and area of tumors in the TMMP- and E-5166-treated groups. As for adverse effects, retarded growth and marked hypertriglyceridemia were observed only in TMMP-treated rats. During the hepatocarcinogenesis, cellular retinoid-binding protein, F-type or CRBP(F) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein or CRABP newly appeared in the tumor tissue, particularly in hyperplastic nodules which are the precancerous state of hepatoma. These results suggest that the polyprenoic acid is a good candidate for clinical chemoprevention of hepatoma, targetting its precancerous stage when intracellular receptors for acidic retinoid have emerged. PMID- 3215439 TI - Effects of cisapride on the pancreatic exocrine secretion in rats. AB - Exocrine pancreatic secretion to intravenous injections of a new stimulant of gastrointestinal motility, R51,619 (cisapride) was studied in conscious rats, and in the isolated pancreatic acini in vitro. The injection of cisapride (2 mg/kg) significantly increased fluid, bicarbonate and protein output in vivo. Atropine completely abolished the pancreatic responses to cisapride, and CR 1409, a new glutaramic acid derivative and a competitive cholecystokinin (CCK) inhibitor, tended to decrease the cisapride-induced pancreatic exocrine secretion. However, amylase release and Ca2+ efflux from the isolated pancreatic acini were not stimulated. These results suggest that cisapride indirectly affects the pancreatic exocrine secretion primarily by releasing acethycholine from the intrapancreatic nerve endings and in part by releasing CCK from the duodenum, but has no direct action on the pancreas. PMID- 3215440 TI - Anti-erythrocyte antibodies in ulcerative colitis: case report and discussion on the pathophysiology of anti-erythrocyte antibody. AB - A case of ulcerative colitis (UC) associated with anti-erythrocyte antibodies is reported. A 27-year-old male visited our department because of a relapse of UC, and his condition was diagnosed as severe and extensive colitis. He was vigorously treated with prednisolone (50 mg/day i.v.) and TPN, but no response was obtained. Subtotal colectomy with ileostomy was performed on the 22nd hospital day, and a proctosigmoidectomy was performed on him six months later. Preoperative blood type and screen disclosed that his blood was not cross-matched either on the forward or reverse typing. His ABO blood group could not be identified as "B", as determined upon admission, and his Coombs' test was positive. Further studies revealed that his Rh group was CcDEe. Anti-I antibody was detected in his serum and eluate from erythrocytes were identified as anti-E and c. Titers of the antibodies were strongest in the preoperative period and became weak following colectomy, but the antibodies did not disappear even after the large bowel was totally removed. PMID- 3215441 TI - Clinical features of Crohn's disease in Korea. AB - Crohn's disease is a rare disease in Korea, and only 45 cases have been reported during the period of 34 years from 1952 to 1985. The male to female ratio was about 1.3 to 1 with a slight preponderance of males. The age at diagnosis ranged from 8 to 72 (mean 35.5) years, and the peak incidence occurred in the 3rd, 4th and 5th decades and declined thereafter. More than two thirds of the cases had a grossly demonstrable lesion involving the small bowel, including the terminal ileum. The proportion of patients with macroscopic disease continued to the large bowel alone was only 15%. Abdominal pain was common, presenting in 89% of the patients, while such symptoms as fever, hematochezia and diarrhea were not common. Abdominal mass was palpable in more than half the cases, which made it difficult to differentiate Crohn's disease from cancer of the colon, especially in cases with a predominant infiltration of the bowel wall and a secondary ulcer formation. That is one of the reasons why most cases in Korea have been reported by surgeons. A wide variety of complications were present, of which small bowel obstruction was the most common. Other complications were free perforation, malnutrition, fistula formation, hemorrhage and abscess formation, in decreasing order. The incidence of symptomatic perianal disease was only 11%, and this might be due to the small proportion of the disease confined to large bowel. Extraintestinal manifestations were also rare, and only three patients presented symptoms of arthritis. Other systemic features such as liver disease, skin lesion, eye complications were absent. PMID- 3215442 TI - Abstracts of selected papers presented at the 29th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. Kofu, Japan, November 5-7, 1987. PMID- 3215443 TI - [Genital infections and the course of pregnancy: a prospective study]. AB - The reported study investigates the relationship of genital infections, pathobiochemical findings and demographic data to preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and premature delivery. The predictability of chorioamnionitis, puerperal and neonatal infections by these parameters was evaluated concurrently. 301 patients were included in this study between July 1985 and June 1986. 147 of these patients were studied longitudinally during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium (longitudinal group). A second group consisted of 154 women who presented themselves on start of labor to the labor and delivery unit of our Department (peripartal group). The incidence of preterm labor and of PROM was 26%. The incidence of premature delivery, chorioamnionitis, puerperal and neonatal infection was 11.4%, 5.5%, 7.6% and 3% respectively. Cervical colonization with Mycoplasma hominis correlated positively with PROM (relative risk 2.2), premature delivery (3.9) and neonatal infection (6.9). Chorioamnionitis, premature delivery and puerperal infection were also significantly increased in patients with positive vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum cultures during pregnancy and delivery. Premature delivery (2.8) and puerperal infection (4.0) were associated with a vaginal group B-Streptococci (GBS) colonization during pregnancy, as was a positive GBS culture during delivery associated with puerperal infection. Bacterial vaginosis also correlated positively with premature delivery (5.6) and puerperal infection. Preterm labor correlated negatively with the socioeconomic level, PROM correlated negatively with the marital status, positively with age, a history of cervical cerclage, conization or PROM during former pregnancies. Sexual intercourse more often than once weekly during the last month of pregnancy was also associated with an increased number of PROM. Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida and Trichomoniasis during pregnancy and delivery were associated with preterm labor and puerperal infections. Levels of maternal plasma fibrinogen concentrations in patients with PROM were elevated 48 hours after delivery in accordance to the characteristics of acute phase proteins. In contrast, the maternal PMN-granulocyte-elastase concentration was significantly elevated at time of delivery and 24 hours thereafter in those patients who developed puerperal infections. The derived positive predictive value was 26%, the negative 94.7%, respectively. The overall accuracy of the prediction was 83.1%. Six out of seven mothers with neonates treated because of neonatal infection showed significantly elevated plasma concentration of PMN-granulocyte-elastase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3215444 TI - [Spontaneous cecum perforation following cesarean section]. AB - There is a certain risk of paralytic distension of the bowel, especially of the coecum, during the initial post-operative days following caesarean section. As can be seen from the overview presented, the possible result is spontaneous perforation of the coecum, which frequently has lethal consequences. Early differential diagnostic consideration for a mother exhibiting early warning post caesarean symptoms can be life saving. We would recommend as prophylaxis early bowel stimulation with a laxative already on the second day following surgery. By distension of the coecum over 9 cm, as measured by sonography, decompression using either coloscopy or even coecostomy is recommended. Ischemic damage of the intestinal wall, as a result of excessive distension, is the main etiological factor for spontaneous perforation. The declining post partum oestrogen levels and resulting decreased parasympathetic tone, as well as the preceding anaesthesia account for the paralytic bowel symptoms. PMID- 3215445 TI - [Non-immunologically-induced hydrops fetalis in complete atrioventricular block of the fetus. A summary of 11 prenatally diagnosed cases]. AB - In 11 of 21 fetuses with prenatally diagnosed complete heart block, congestive heart failure with signs of non-immune hydrops fetalis was seen. In all 11 fetuses, cardiac malformations were present: complete atrioventricular canal with levocardia, situs inversus viscerum, and polysplenia: 5 cases; tricuspid atresia with situs inversus viscerum, endocardial fibroelastosis, common atrium with aortic valve atresia, hypoplastic left heart, atrial septal defect of secundum type: one case each. All these cardiac malformations can also cause intrauterine heart failure without heart block except hypoplastic left heart and atrial septal defect. A review of the literature confirms, that only the association between complete heart block and cardiac malformation--in particular AV-canal and endocardial fibroelastosis--can cause an intrauterine congestive heart failure, whereas in the case of fetal complete heart block without cardiac malformation or with prenatally hemodynamically insignificant cardiac malformations--in particular "corrected" transposition of great arteries--a congestive heart failure is rare. PMID- 3215446 TI - [Performance training in pregnancy. Report of respiratory and cardiovascular physiologic changes in a pregnant high-performance athlete in comparison with a sample of normal pregnant patients]. AB - Against the background of dramatic changes that took place in the history of sports during the past one hundred years, we are today discussing with regard to the compatibility of sport and pregnancy whether the extent of sports activities before pregnancy contributes to the amount of stress tolerated during pregnancy. Animal experimental studies on the effect of physical stress on the foetus cannot always be transferred to man, and hence recommendations made to pregnant women are often purely empirical. The article reports on the results of an examination of a professional woman athlete during pregnancy: Various maternal circulatory and respiratory parameters were recorded in this primigravida of 25 years of age, who had been regularly active as a competitive runner for 12 years, during the 24th week of pregnancy and from the 28th week of pregnancy onwards, at intervals of 14 days and post partum, at rest and during steady-state load on a bicycle ergometer (6 minutes each at 40 and 70 watts load, respectively) and a step-by step load increasing every minute by 15 watts until attainment of a maternal heart rate of 150 beats per minute. The results were compared with those in a group of pregnant women who had not been competitive sportswomen. During continued training as per schedule up to the 36th week of pregnancy of the athlete, there was hardly any change in performance, and there was a marked difference against the other women. The pulse at rest was lower by a mean of 30 beats in the athlete during pregnancy, clearly indicating maintenance of the economic cardiac mechanism known to occur in trained persons, which produces a greater cardiac output via an increased stroke volume at a lower heart rate. This difference was impressively demonstrated under different loads. Another example of more economic management of an identical load is also seen, for instance, in the lower oxygen uptake and lower respiratory rate. Even at a maternal heart rate of 150 beats per minute the foetus of the athlete did not show any signs of stress under test conditions. In a measurement "at site" during the 38th week of pregnancy under routine and training conditions with relevant sprints and a maternal heart rate increase to more than 170 beats per minute, however, foetal behaviour displaying bradycardia clearly showed the existence of tolerance limits for foetal supply.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3215447 TI - [Unconscious insecurity before and after breast examination in senology patients without pathologic findings]. AB - The study reported here surveyed unconscious insecurity among healthy women, who consulted a senological outpatient service because of suspected breast cancer. It was investigated whether and in what way the reduction in unconscious insecurity, after being informed that the diagnosis was favorable (no carcinoma), is dependent on certain psychological conditions. The patients were divided into various subgroups according to history and psychological criteria, and these subgroups were then compared with regard to the reduction in their feeling of insecurity after being advised that there were no pathological findings. The individual tendency to tenseness (Brauchli 1983, 1987 a, b) was used as an indicator of unconscious insecurity. Coming to terms consciously with the cancer risk and possible consequences of cancer, proved to be a prerequisite for an adequate reduction in unconscious insecurity after being informed that findings were negative. PMID- 3215448 TI - [Rate of local recurrence and survival in patients with breast reconstruction following mastectomy]. AB - A retrospective study was conducted covering 100 patients who underwent breast reconstruction with plastic prostheses following mastectomy during the period from 1975 to May 1986. They were compared with 100 patients (matched pairs) who had not undergone breast reconstruction. No significant difference between the two groups could be found as regards locoregional recurrences or the overall survival rate. The mean observation period was 86.5 months. Surgical removal of local recurrences did not necessarily involve removal of the prosthesis. Therefore, given adequate operability, and experience on the part of the surgeon, a breast reconstruction following mastectomy can now be performed on any patient desiring it to alleviate mental suffering. PMID- 3215449 TI - [The so-called resting pressure quotient--the urodynamic equivalent of clinical pelvic floor insufficiency]. AB - The maximum urethral closure pressure ratio (UCPR) was checked in 370 patients by making recordings with 300 ml in the bladder in the sitting position and 100 ml in the supine position. The result was either an increase or a decrease in the UCPR in the 300 ml profile as compared to the 100 ml profile. The "resting pressure quotient" was judged to be positive in the former case and negative in the latter. The resting pressure quotient was found to be dependent on the subjective degree of incontinence: negative resting pressure quotients became more frequent as the degree of incontinence increased, and positive quotients decreased correspondingly. The probability was found to be more than 99.7% that there was a difference in frequency distribution between the group of 138 continent or minimally stress-incontinent patients and the 232 manifestly stress incontinent women. The resting pressure quotient described here is the measured equivalent of the clinically diagnosed pelvic floor insufficiency. If the stress pressure profile is difficult to evaluate, this quotient can be taken into account in the urodynamic diagnosis. Negative closure pressure quotients suggest urethral incontinence. PMID- 3215450 TI - [Effectiveness of intravesical administration of lidocaine gel in females with urge and urge incontinence]. AB - In a prospective study, 31 unselected patients with urge or urge incontinence, where previous treatment had been unsuccessful, were given repeated instillations of Lidocain gel for 11 days. Detailed histories were obtained by questionnaire both before instituting and after termination of the therapy. A cystourethrotonometric examination was also performed by the microtransducer method. The urge symptoms improved in almost all the patients. There was also a distinct improvement in subjective feelings of incontinence. There was a statistically significant reduction in mean micturition frequency. In 50% of the patients it was no longer possible to detect hypertonic bladder tone and pathologic detrusor contractions by cystourethrotonometry. Patients who had had lower bladder capacity prior to therapy showed a tendency to increased capacity after treatment. While there was no change in functional urethral length, there was a significant increase in maximum urethral closing pressure. Tonometrically detectable stress incontinence disappeared in one-fourth of the patients. No side effects were observed. In view of the high rate of success and the acceptance of intravesicular Lidocain therapy, it can also be recommended for cases resistant to therapy and, if necessary, can be included in an all-embracing therapeutic concept for urge incontinence. PMID- 3215451 TI - [Clinical aspects and prognosis of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary]. AB - Symptoms, tumour morphology and clinical course were reviewed in 26 women treated at the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of the University of Cologne between 1965 and 1986 for granulosa cell tumours of the ovary. At the time of diagnosis 8 women were in a pre- and 18 in a postmenopausal state. The most common symptoms were irregular haemorrhages, in rare cases lower abdominal pain. Effects of raised estrogen stimulation were seen in 80% of patients. In 24 pre operative patients, a lower abdominal tumour was diagnosed. 20 patients had lesions of stage I, 5 of stage III and one of stage IV. 21 tumours exceeded 5 cm median diameter. Polymorphic tumours were seen in 16 cases. 14 tumours had a high mitotic activity. Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoovariectomy were performed in most cases, followed by additional irradiation in 9 and by chemotherapy in 4 cases. Only 3 patients were treated by unilateral salpingoovariectomy. To date 14 patients have no evidence of disease, one suffers from tumour progression and 9 died of the tumours. 2 women died for other reasons. The 5-year survival rate is 70%, the 10-year survival rate 64%. Old age, late progression of tumour stage, tumour diameter exceeding 5 cm, polymorphic tumours and high mitotic index correlated to the worsening prognosis. However, a poor result was also seen in monomorphic tumours with low mitotic activity. The nature of granulosa cell tumours can not be predicted by clinical or morphological criteria. Therefore it is suggested, that all granulosa cell tumours should be considered as malignant. PMID- 3215452 TI - [The role of mammography in the diagnosis of simultaneous second cancers in the contralateral breast]. AB - In 1048 breast cancer patients, operated in the period 1969-1985 at the University of Erlangen Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, estimations were made to determine the relative contribution of mammography and meticulous histology to the diagnosis of simultaneous contralateral cancer. The incidence of a bilateral simultaneous disease was 17% (6.1% invasive forms, 10.6% in situ). Complete histological examination of the extirpated tissue as well as the occurrence of discrete radiological signs could account for the detection of 41% of all invasive and 39% of all in situ forms respectively. Those contralateral breast cancer cases detected just by means of mammography, but without any presence of clinical signs, recorded an average diameter of 9 mm and in 20% had metastacised to the axillary lymph nodes. Comparatively, clinically and radiologically diagnosed cases were 17 mm on average and the occurrence of axillary lymph node involvement was 41%. The conclusion is drawn, that a meticulous diagnostic effort is necessary in view of the high incidence of occurrence of simultaneous cancer on the other breast and the prognostic importance of an early diagnosis for many patients. Every minute radiologically detected sign in the other breast of patients with mammary carcinoma requires careful diagnostic clarification. However, it should be considered that the data presented were gathered in a situation in which the radiologist performed the X-ray examination, knowing that an excision would have been carried out in 85 percent of all cases even without his specific localisation. The presence of additional risk factors (lobular cancer, multicentricity and family history of breast cancer) make such an effort justified and obligatory as well. PMID- 3215453 TI - [Transposition and myocutaneous island flaps in primary or secondary locoregional surgical therapy of breast cancer]. AB - New plastic surgical reconstruction techniques can today make a major contribution to locoregional therapy in breast cancer cases. The present paper reports on indications for and experience gathered in primary and secondary therapy with transposition (medial-pedicled thoracoepigastric) and myocutaneous island flaps (lower transversal rectus and latissimus dorsi) at the University Gynecological Clinic of Heidelberg between October 1981 and June 1987. Thirty nine patients were treated using these techniques. Altogether nine rectus, 13 latissimus dorsi, and 21 thoracoepigastric flaps were used; in 16 cases for primary treatment with T4 tumors and in 27 cases for secondary treatment. In view of the rate of complications and recurrences seen, the indication must be established strictly and individually according to the location of the defect, the anatomic situation, and the prognosis for the patient. Today, the use of these plastic surgery techniques should lie in the hands of experienced surgeons and be an integral part of the treatment of primary advanced breast carcinomas or large locoregional recurrences. PMID- 3215454 TI - [Preventive use of iron in pregnancy--a luxury or a necessity?]. AB - In an exploratory study 128 healthy gravidae were given 0.114 g of iron daily from the 14th week of pregnancy until birth. Hematologically and clinically important parameters during pregnancy, birth, and puerperium were compared with an untreated control group of 115 gravidae. Following iron prophylaxis, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and erythrocyte count were significantly higher at the time of birth; however, obstetrically significant parameters were unaffected. In view of the low incidence of anaemia during pregnancy and birth, as well as the completeness of the prenatal care system, general iron prophylaxis is unnecessary. High-risk pregnancies are an exception to this rule. The high incidence of anaemia early in puerperium justifies adequate, i.e., high-dose, oral iron therapy from the first day of the first week of confinement on wards. PMID- 3215455 TI - [Case report of placenta praevia reflexa et increta]. AB - This case report describes a patient with a placenta, which covered all parts of the cervical region excepting for the lower part of the lower uterine segment. The placenta covered the majority of the uterine cavity and was growing into the myometrium. The lives of both mother and child were saved by caesarean section and hysterectomy in the 36th week of gestation. PMID- 3215456 TI - [Comparative study of HLA antigen frequency and lipid metabolic indices in patients with various locations of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 3215457 TI - [Immunomodulating properties of perfluorocarbon emulsions]. PMID- 3215458 TI - [2 cases of agammaglobulinemia detected by determining the blood group]. PMID- 3215459 TI - [Detection of groups at risk for carrying the hemochromatosis gene among unpaid donors in Moscow]. PMID- 3215460 TI - [The morphofunctional viability of erythrocytes and thrombocytes isolated from blood stored in Tsigliufad blood preservative]. PMID- 3215461 TI - [Nontraditional approaches to the study of HLA association with diseases]. PMID- 3215462 TI - [Splenectomy in the combined treatment of patients with thalassemia]. PMID- 3215463 TI - [Role of splenectomy in the combined treatment of children with Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3215464 TI - [Patterns of change in natural cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3215465 TI - [Importance of bone marrow trephine biopsy in differentiation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3215466 TI - [Volume of circulating erythrocytes in patients with polycythemia vera as a function of the stage of the disease]. PMID- 3215467 TI - [Hereditary (idiopathic) hemochromatosis: clinical picture, diagnosis, principles of treatment]. PMID- 3215468 TI - [External sodium and potassium cotransport in erythrocytes under irradiation of a helium-neon laser]. PMID- 3215469 TI - [Phosphorylation of nonhistone proteins of the highly-mobile group in bone marrow during stimulation of erythropoiesis]. PMID- 3215470 TI - [Effect of extracellular matrix of varying composition on hematopoiesis in long term cultures of murine bone marrow]. PMID- 3215471 TI - [Tactics of transfusion-infusion therapy of anemic syndrome in patients with cirrhosis of the liver]. PMID- 3215472 TI - [Experimental study of the immunomodulating properties of the lipid emulsion lipidin-2]. PMID- 3215473 TI - [Hemochromatosis in a 29-year-old patient (clinical observations)]. PMID- 3215474 TI - [A modified method for isolating hemoglobin from bovine erythrocytes]. PMID- 3215475 TI - [Therapeutic plasmapheresis in dermatologic practice (a propos of an article by A. Ia.Fel'ker and N. F. Konstantinova]. PMID- 3215476 TI - [Frequency of detection of anomalous hemoglobins in materials from examination of foreign students]. PMID- 3215477 TI - The relaxing response of the isolated rat duodenum to nicotine. AB - 1. The relaxing responses of the atropine-treated isolated rat duodenum to 12 microM nicotine (N) and transmural electrical stimulation (S) have been compared. 2. The effects of both N and S were unaffected by 3-30 microM guanethidine or previous reserpinization (1 mg/kg, i.p. during 5 days). 3. The effects of N and S were completely blocked by 0.5-2.0 mM procaine, 0.1 mM butacaine or 0.3-1.2 microM tetrodotoxin. 4. The relaxing response to N but not that to S was blocked by 0.3 mM hexamethonium or 3 microM mecamylamine and absent in the nicotine desensitized preparation. 5. The effects of both N and S were unaffected in the adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP)-desensitized preparation. 6. It is suggested that the nonadrenergic and noncholinergic (NANC) relaxation of the rat duodenum in response to N and S is also nonpurinergic. PMID- 3215478 TI - Mechanisms of the contractile responses to morphine of the mouse colon in vitro. AB - 1. Morphine induced a contractile response in the mouse colon which consisted of two phases or components. 2. The first component was dose-related and was inhibited by tetrodotoxin, atropine and naloxone, but was insensible to hexamethonium, propranolol, phentolamine, diphenhydramine and methysergide. 3. The second component of the contractile effect was not modified by atropine, hexamethonium, propranolol, phentolamine, guanethidine or diphenhydramine, but was antagonized by naloxone, tetrodotoxin and serotonin antagonists. 4. Tachyphylaxis was observed only for the first component of the morphine induced contractile response of the mouse colon. PMID- 3215479 TI - Effect of neonatal monosodium-L-glutamate treatment on the response of isolated uterine preparation to various uterine contraction stimulators. AB - 1. The uterine activity of rats treated neonatally with MSG was examined in vitro by measuring the contractile response of the tissue to hormone/chemical stimulation. 2. The uterine responses to ACh and ANG II remained unchanged following neonatal MSG treatment while those to PGF2 alpha were sensitized. 3. The responses to OT and 5-HT were characterized by a reduction of the maximal contractile force and the rate of change in tension increased and decreased compared with the control with OT and 5-HT respectively. 4. Data suggested that these changes on uterine contractility could be ascribed to various possible mechanisms of action of MSG. PMID- 3215480 TI - The detection, pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects of diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA) in the horse: a preliminary report. AB - 1. Drug administration studies using diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA) and diisopropylamine (DIPA) were conducted in Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses to assess physiological effects and develop detection methods. 2. Four horses received 0.08 mg DADA/kg body wt and showed no changes in heart and respiratory rates or body temperature as measured over a 1-hr period after administration. A transient diuretic effect was found to occur in 2 mares dosed with 0.80 mg DADA/kg body wt. 3. A qualitative detection method using thin-layer chromatography was developed to detect DIPA, the major metabolite of DADA in equine urine. A quantitative detection method (lower limit of detection 0.5 micrograms/ml urine) for this metabolite was also developed using gas chromatography. 4. Neither DADA or the free base, DIPA, were detectable in equine blood samples using the above-mentioned methodologies. PMID- 3215481 TI - Responsiveness of normal and dystrophic avian muscle to acetylcholine, carbamylcholine and d-tubocurarine. AB - 1. The responsiveness of dystrophic avian muscle to acetylcholine may be altered due to reported elevated acetylcholinesterase activity. 2. To test this hypothesis, the responsiveness of normal and dystrophic muscle in vivo to intra arterial injection of acetylcholine, carbamylcholine and d-tubocurarine was compared. 3. Results showed that dystrophic muscle was less responsive to acetylcholine, more responsive d-tubocurarine and equally responsive to carbamylcholine when compared to normal suggesting enhanced acetylcholine hydrolysis occurs in vivo in dystrophic avian muscle. PMID- 3215482 TI - GABAA-antagonists and baclofen analgesia. AB - 1. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of different doses of baclofen (5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg) induced analgesia in tail-flick test. The effect was dose-dependent. 2. The antinociception induced by baclofen (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was decreased in animals pretreated with bicuculline (1.5 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min), but not with naloxone (1.5 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min). 3. In picrotoxin (1 mg/kg, i.p., 15 min) pretreated mice, baclofen (5 mg/kg, i.p.) showed a significant analgesic effect. 4. Morphine (6 mg/kg, s.c.) induced analgesia which was antagonized by naloxone pretreatment (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.), while bicuculline or picrotoxin did not alter the morphine response. 5. These data suggest that a part of analgesic effect of baclofen may be mediated through GABAA receptor sites, and differs from that of morphine. PMID- 3215483 TI - Studies of the in vitro human plasma degradation of methionine-enkephalin. AB - 1. Incubation of [3H]tyrosine methionine-enkephalin (6 x 10(-9) M final concentration) with human platelet-poor plasma (1:9 ratio to Trizma Base buffer, pH 7.4) results mostly (greater than 95%) in hydrolysis of the tyrosyl-glycine peptide bond. This enzymatic reaction is essentially completed within 90 min, showing a half-life, Km and Vmax of 12.8 +/- 2.5 min, 0.70 +/- 0.01 mM and 17.90 +/- 1.05 mumol/L/min, respectively. These values are comparable to those previously reported for the human plasma degradation of leucine-enkephalin. 2. As expected hydrolysis of the methionine-enkephalin tyrosyl-glycine peptide bond was blocked by the known aminopeptidase inhibitors bestatin and puromycin (IC50 1.2 +/- 0.4 and 4.3 +/- 2.4 microM, respectively) but not by either thiorphan or captopril. 3. Neither the storing (up to 60 days) nor the freezing and thawing (up to ten times during a 60 days periods) significantly changed the above kinetic parameters, showing the stability of the plasma methionine-enkephalin degrading aminopeptidase. PMID- 3215484 TI - Effect of the cold environment on organophosphate toxicity and inhibition of cholinesterase activity. AB - 1. Rats were used for studies on organophosphate (OP) toxicity both in acute and chronic cold exposure. Furthermore the effects of OPs on tissue acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase activities were studied in the cold environment. 2. No change in the toxicity of dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP) was observed whereas that of diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DFP) increased 1.5-fold at +5 degrees C. 3. Chronic exposure to cold produced no change in DFP toxicity. 4. The survival time in acute cold exposure (1.1 x LD50 DFP) was longer than in chronic exposure or at +20 degrees C. 5. In control rats, chronic cold exposure increased blood BuChE and decreased BuChE in lungs. 6. A dose-dependent inhibition of cholinesterases was observed. 7. AcChE in the liver of chronically cold exposed rats was more sensitive to DFP inhibition compared to acute exposure. 8. Blood AcChE activity correlated only to AcChE in brain and lungs in rats. PMID- 3215485 TI - Viral disease in dentistry: current concerns for the dentist. PMID- 3215486 TI - Glass ionomer microleakage in Class V restorations. PMID- 3215487 TI - Use of benzodiazepines in dentistry. PMID- 3215488 TI - Inconsistent depth of cure produced by identical visible light generators. PMID- 3215489 TI - Effect of proper dentures on nutritional status. PMID- 3215490 TI - Severe destruction of the periodontium following electrosurgery. PMID- 3215491 TI - Gingival trauma caused by autopolymerizing acrylic resin. PMID- 3215492 TI - Hemangioma of the tongue. PMID- 3215493 TI - Multilocular radiolucency, anterior mandible. PMID- 3215494 TI - Preparation for office emergencies: equipment, skills, and attitudes of general dentists and specialists. PMID- 3215496 TI - Traumatic avulsion and replantation: a five-year follow-up. PMID- 3215495 TI - Gloved versus ungloved dental clinicians. PMID- 3215497 TI - Chemical dependency among dentists: prevalence and current treatment. PMID- 3215498 TI - The use of chlorhexidine and other antimicrobials in periodontal therapy. PMID- 3215499 TI - A visible-light-activated resin cured through tooth structure. PMID- 3215500 TI - Extraction with replantation: hope for the hopeless tooth. PMID- 3215501 TI - Lichen planus: common and uncommon manifestations. PMID- 3215502 TI - Ectopic nerve as a source of denture discomfort. PMID- 3215503 TI - Mandibular radiolucency. PMID- 3215504 TI - Nodular lesion of buccal mucosa. PMID- 3215505 TI - Family studies: the key to understanding the genetic and environmental etiology of chronic disease? PMID- 3215506 TI - Lifestyle factors in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. AB - In examining genetic influences on biological variables using twins, it may be important to examine the distribution between and within twin pairs of demographic and lifestyle factors that may themselves affect the biological variable being studied. We explored the distribution of demographic and lifestyle factors that may affect blood lipid levels or ischaemic heart disease (IHD) risk among a sample of 106 monozygotic (MZ) and 94 like-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. In our sample, MZ twins were statistically significantly different from DZ twins only in marital status, cigarette smoking habits, and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S ratio) in their dietary intake. The latter variable was among many dietary variables examined (using 4-day weighed food diaries), and the size of the difference in intake was small. When comparisons were made of the similarities within twin pairs, we found members of MZ twin pairs to be statistically significantly closer than DZ twins in educational achievement, occupation, cigarette smoking, and exercise habits, and the number of days a week on which alcohol was consumed. These last three variables were consistently closer among twins with closer contact than among those with a smaller degree of current shared environment. For 12 of the 13 nutrients examined, the within-pair correlations were higher for MZ than for DZ twins, although our test for significant genetic variance showed statistical significance only for intake of complex carbohydrates. We conclude that MZ twins share demographic and lifestyle factors that might influence the risk of IHD and blood lipid levels to a greater degree than do DZ twins, although it is difficult to say if these similarities in lifestyle result from genetic influences or not. Nevertheless, ascribing differences between correlations in MZ and DZ twin pairs for lipid levels as being purely "genetic"--as implicit in conventional measures of heritability--is likely to overestimate the influence of genetic factors. PMID- 3215507 TI - Twin study of genetic and environmental effects on lipid levels. AB - A study of 106 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 94 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins tested the hypothesis that part of the previously described genetic influence on blood lipid levels can be ascribed to closer similarities among MZ than among DZ twin pairs in environmental factors that affect lipid levels. Participants were adult twin volunteers (age 17-66; 64 male and 136 female pairs) who were selected from the NH & MRC Twin Registry or were respondents to advertisements. They completed a 4-day weighed food diary from which mean nutrient intake was derived. Information on lifestyle and demographic variables was obtained by questionnaire and a nonfasting blood sample was taken for measures of total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m2). Estimates of the heritability of sex-adjusted lipid levels were 0.72 for total cholesterol, 0.79 for HDL cholesterol, 0.69 for HDL2, 0.20 for HDL3, 1.06 for LDL cholesterol, and 0.44 for sex-adjusted BMI. In all cases except for HDL3, genetic variance was statistically significant. After adjusting for the effects of environmental variables in three different ways, the estimates of heritability were somewhat lower for total cholesterol, HDL2, and BMI, and those for HDL cholesterol (borderline) and LDL cholesterol (definitely) remained statistically significant but were decreased. A genetic influence on HDL3 was not found. Adjusted heritability estimates obtained from one method of analysis were 0.35 for total cholesterol, 0.49 for HDL, 0.04 for HDL2, -0.34 for HDL3, 0.66 for LDL, and 0.32 for BMI. These results suggest that the assumptions made in the classical twin study approach are not appropriate when examining genetic effects on lipid levels or BMI, or indeed on any biological variable that may be affected by environmental factors that tend to be more similar in MZ twins than in DZ twins. In these circumstances, more complex models may be needed to differentiate between genetic and environmental influences. PMID- 3215508 TI - Assessing familial aggregation of congenital cardiovascular malformations in case control studies. AB - Recent data indicate that the familial aggregation of congenital cardiovascular malformations (CCVM) varies with the type of defect in the index case. Using a logistic regression model that allows for dependence among family members, we calculated the risk of any CCVM to case relatives compared with relatives of controls. Data from 3,908 first-degree relatives of 570 matched cases and controls identified from 1981 through 1985 by the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study were used in the analyses. Overall risk for any CCVM in case relatives was increased four-fold over that of control relatives. While relatives of cases with flow lesions (including right and left heart defects, as well as perimembranous ventricular septal defect [VSD]) had a five-fold increase in risk, the risk to relatives of nonflow lesion cases did not differ significantly from the risk to relatives of controls. Sex, maternal age, miscarriage history in the mother, and birth order had no apparent effect on risk among siblings. However, there was an indication of increased risk in relatives of nonwhite cases with VSD compared to relatives of matched controls. However, with these data it was not possible to distinguish between environmental and genetic sources of this familial aggregation. PMID- 3215509 TI - Relationship of epithelial ovarian cancer to other malignancies within families. AB - The relationship of family history of cancer of the breast, colon/rectum, cervix, endometrium, lung, and thyroid to the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer was investigated in a large population-based case-control study. The data consisted of family histories from 493 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 2,465 controls aged 20-54 years. After controlling for potential confounders, risk for epithelial ovarian cancer was found to be significantly elevated among women reporting breast cancer and colo/rectal cancer in a first-degree relative. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.5 (95% CI = 1.1-2.1) and 1.9 (95% CI = 1.1-3.3), respectively. None of the remaining four types of cancer was found to be statistically associated with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, when histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer were considered, a family history of breast cancer was found to be associated with an elevated risk of endometrioid ovarian cancer (odds ratio = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.1-4.7), as was a family history of endometrial cancer (odds ratio = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.0-6.9). The results are considered in the context of other studies of familial patterns of cancer and are compared with published findings concerning the occurrence of multiple primary cancers in the same individual. The findings indicate that further study is warranted regarding possible genetic relationships between epithelial ovarian cancer and cancers arising in other organs. PMID- 3215510 TI - The POU domain: a large conserved region in the mammalian pit-1, oct-1, oct-2, and Caenorhabditis elegans unc-86 gene products. PMID- 3215511 TI - Isolation and characterization of Drosophila cAMP-dependent protein kinase genes. AB - We have used mammalian probes to clone genes encoding the catalytic (C) and type I regulatory (RI) components of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in Drosophila. Both Drosophila gene products are very similar in amino acid sequence (RI, 71%; C, 82%) to their respective mammalian counterparts, implying homologous activity. A single Drosophila type I regulatory subunit gene is the source of at least three distinct transcripts originating from different promoters and spliced to a common body that would encode a full-length analog and two amino-terminally truncated variants of the mammalian RI protein. The RI locus also includes two intronic genes of unknown function. A single highly conserved catalytic subunit gene (DC0) was found that codes for a single polypeptide. It was used to isolate 11 further more distantly related apparent protein kinase genes. Two of these genes (DC1 and DC2) are sufficiently similar to DC0 in sequence (45% and 49% amino acid identity, respectively) that they could conceivably encode products of overlapping function. Two further genes are very similar in sequence to bovine cGMP-dependent protein kinase. The remaining putative gene products include amino acid sequence motifs characteristic of serine-threonine protein kinases but cannot, from the available data, be defined as homologous to specific protein kinases of other organisms. PMID- 3215512 TI - In vitro analysis of the Antennapedia P2 promoter: identification of a new Drosophila transcription factor. AB - We have investigated the transcriptional regulation of the Antennapedia P2 (Antp P2) promoter using nuclear extracts prepared from Drosophila embryos. Transcriptional analysis of deletion mutants reveals the presence of multiple cis regulatory elements located both upstream and downstream of the start site. One of the elements appears to mediate negative regulation, since deletion of this element results in higher levels of transcription. Several factors that interact with these control elements have been detected and isolated. One DNA-binding protein, Drosophila Transcription Factor-1 (DTF-1), specifically recognizes the consensus sequence GCAACAT/CG/C that is reiterated four times within an upstream activating element. DTF-1 was purified by sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography and identified as a doublet of approximately 50 kD. Purified DTF-1 enhances transcription from the Antp P2 promoter 7- to 15-fold in a binding site dependent manner. PMID- 3215513 TI - Alternative splicing of tropomyosin pre-mRNAs in vitro and in vivo. AB - A single rat gene encodes both fibroblast TM-1 and skeletal muscle beta tropomyosin by an alternative RNA-processing mechanism. The gene contains 11 exons: Exons 1-5 and exons 8 and 9 are constitutive exons common to all mRNAs expressed from this gene; exons 6 and 11 are used in fibroblasts as well as smooth muscle; exons 7 and 10 are used exclusively in skeletal muscle. We have studied the internal alternative RNA splice choice (exons 6 and 7) of the rat tropomyosin 1 gene in vitro, using nuclear extracts obtained from HeLa cells. Use of alternative splice sites in vitro is dependent on the ionic conditions of the assay, and correct splicing occurs only under well-defined salt conditions. Splicing of exon 5 to exon 6 (fibroblast-type splice) and exon 5 to exon 7 (skeletal muscle-type splice) was dependent on precursors in which exon 6 or 7 was first joined to exon 8. The same patterns of alternatively spliced RNAs were formed when similar templates were introduced in HeLa cells by transfection. Thus, there appears to be an ordered pathway of splicing in which the internal alternatively spliced exons must first be joined to the downstream constitutive exon before they can be spliced to the upstream constitutive exon. The data are consistent with a model in which the critical event in alternative splicing occurs during the joining of exon 6 to exon 8 (fibroblast-type splice) or exon 7 to exon 8 (skeletal muscle-type splice). PMID- 3215515 TI - Natural populations of Drosophila simulans show great uniformity of the mitochondrial DNA restriction map. AB - The mitochondrial DNA of 21 Drosophila simulans isofemale lines of different geographic origins was digested with seven restriction endonucleases. All the lines, with one exception for one line and one enzyme, showed the same restriction patterns. The results confirm previous investigations showing great uniformity of the mtDNA genome in D. simulans. PMID- 3215514 TI - Isolation and characterization of a novel trophoblast-specific cDNA in the mouse. AB - A novel trophoblast-specific cDNA has been isolated by differential screening of a 13.5-day mouse placental cDNA library. The 755-bp cDNA, which is almost full length, encodes a polypeptide of 124 amino acids with an 18-amino-acid hydrophobic leader sequence. No significant homology with any known gene or protein has been detected. Northern blot analysis has shown that the gene is expressed abundantly in the placenta and is not detected in any other tissues. In situ hybridization revealed that the gene is expressed first in a subgroup of ectoplacental cone cells at 7.5 days of development and its later expression is confined to the spongiotrophoblast cells of the mature placenta. The role of the gene is not currently known, but the presence of a signal peptide suggests that it may be a secreted protein. PMID- 3215516 TI - Synaptic behaviour and recombination nodules in the human XY pair. AB - A sample of 90 XY pairs from men with normal karyotypes has been analyzed by measuring their morphological features in electron micrographs of microspread spermatocytes. The classification of human XY types (Solari, 1980) has been given stricter definitions. Stepwise splitting of the axes is seen in types 1 and 2. The development of axial branches and lengthening of the X axis is seen in type 3. In the two subtypes a and b of type 4 the net-like filamentous array grows in length to a maximum (average = 59.7 microns) in subtype b. The location of the putative Y kinetochore defines a short arm that measures 22.34% of Y axis length, and the kinetochore of the X axis defines a short arm of 38.15% of the axial length. The average number of excrescences in the X axis is 19.9 and in the Y is 4.3. The frequency of a non-homologous, distal end-joining grows steadily from type 0 to type 3. The average length of the synaptonemal complex (SC) in 51 XY pairs of types 1 and 2 is 1.33 microns (SD = 0.65) and it corresponds to 25.54% of the Y axis length. Thus, the average SC covers the short arm of the Y and the pericentromeric region. Maximum lengths of this SC may reach up to 81.8% of the Y axis. 30 recombination nodules (RNs) were located in 26 XY pairs, and 90% of the nodules are located in the distal half of the short arm of the Y axis. Thus, RNs are restricted to a segment much shorter than the length of the average SC. A gradient of decreasing probability of recombination may reach up to the centromeric region of the Y chromosome. Some possible consequences of these facts are discussed. PMID- 3215518 TI - Genomic structure and sequence variation of a 3.3-kb repeat DNA element of the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii. AB - The genomic structure and sequence variation of a 3.3-kb repeat DNA element, representing 5% of the genome of the kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii, has been investigated. Most of the repeats are arranged in tandem arrays of 50 kb or more. Thirteen randomly selected genomic clones have been mapped with twelve restriction enzymes. The frequency of sequence divergence in the genomic clones is 0.5%. The clone maps and the genomic structure studies have permitted the characterization of a number of variant members of the 3.3-kb repeat family. The genomic organization of the repeat resembles that for repeated DNAs found in large tandem arrays or satellites. PMID- 3215517 TI - Isolation and mapping of a gene for protein synthesis initiation factor 4A and its expression during differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - Eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4A (eIF-4A), a 46-kDa polypeptide, is involved both in mRNA cap recognition and in the binding of mRNA to 40S ribosomal subunits. A 41-mer oligodeoxynucleotide probe was synthesized complementary to a portion of the published coding sequence of eIF-4A mRNA [Nielsen et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (1985) 6867-6870] and used to screen a mouse genomic library. We have isolated and characterized a full-length clone from that library. The eIF-4A sequence is contained in eleven exons. The eleventh exon also has the 3'-nontranslated sequence and two separate polyadenylation sites. Northern-blot analysis of mouse poly(A)+RNA indicates that there are several distinct mRNA species coding for eIF-4A. Two of these contain the same coding sequence and differ only in the length of the 3'-nontranslated region. Two of the eIF-4A mRNAs are therefore likely to be the result of differential processing at the 3'-end. We have used a fragment of the genomic clone to measure the steady-state levels of eIF-4A mRNA during the induced differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. S1 nuclease protection experiments demonstrated that by the fourth day after induction eIF-4A mRNA declined to 25% of its steady state level in uninduced cells. In contrast, the steady-state level of beta globin mRNA increased dramatically during differentiation. In vitro transcription assays using nuclei isolated from uninduced and induced cells show that the rate of transcription of eIF-4A mRNA was 40% greater in differentiated cells, indicating a posttranscriptional component is involved in the regulation of the steady-state mRNA level. PMID- 3215519 TI - Replacement of the macronuclear ribosomal RNA genes of a mutant Tetrahymena using electroporation. AB - The macronucleus of the ciliate Tetrahymena contains approx. 10(4) ribosomal RNA gene molecules (rDNA) in the form of linear, autonomously replicating palindromes. Previous studies have shown that macronuclear rDNA molecules derived from wild-type (wt) inbred strain C3 out-replicate those derived from wt inbred strain B, in macronuclei initially heterozygous for both, leading to the complete loss of the B rDNA. However, rmm-1, a cis-acting laboratory-induced mutation obtained previously by mutagenesis of inbred strain C3, causes the mutant rmm-1 rDNA to be completely out-replicated by B rDNA. These findings suggest the following hierarchy of replication potential: wt C3 greater than wt B greater than C3-rmm-1. We used electroporation to test whether cells containing only rmm 1 macronuclear rDNA are favorable recipients for transformation with either wt B or C3 donor rDNA molecules. The donor rDNA molecules carried the selectable marker Pmr (paromomycin resistance) located in the coding region of the 17S rRNA. Transformants were obtained, at a frequency greater than 1 in 10(5), by electroporation under a wide range of electrical discharge parameters. The fraction of cells surviving electroporation varied between 2 and greater than 95% in successful experiments. Replacement ('transplacement') of the recipient rDNA was observed, consistent with the prediction that B and C3 rDNA should out replicate rmm-1 rDNA. These findings are also consistent with the previous conclusion that the differential replication determinants reside in the 5' nontranscribed spacer of the rDNA. PMID- 3215520 TI - Use of transmissible plasmids as cloning vectors in Caulobacter crescentus. AB - Cloning vectors for studies of Caulobacter crescentus genes should be transferrable between Escherichia coli and C. crescentus since a transformation system has not been developed for C. crescentus. We have tested a large number of vectors containing IncP or IncQ replicons and found that many of the vectors containing IncQ replicons, and all but one of the vectors containing IncP replicons, are readily transferred by conjugation into C. crescentus. All of the plasmids tested were maintained in C. crescentus at 1 to 5 copies per cell, but plasmids containing IncP replicons were more stable than plasmids containing IncQ replicons. Further studies with a derivative of the IncQ plasmid R300B showed that when a promoterless kanamycin (Km)-resistance gene (npt2) was inserted into the intercistronic region of the sul-aphC (SuR-SmR) operon, Km resistance was expressed only when the npt2 gene was inserted such that it would be transcribed from the sul promoter. These data indicate that R300B does not contain sequences which would provide promoter function in C. crescentus in the orientation opposite to that of the sul operon and that any genes cloned in this orientation would require native promoters for expression. To provide greater versatility for cloning into R300B, additional vectors were constructed by the addition of multiple cloning sites in the intercistronic region of the sul-aphC operon. In addition, chromosomal DNA libraries were constructed in R300B and in the cosmid vector pLAFR1-7. Specific clones from these libraries containing genes of interest were identified by complementation of the appropriate C. crescentus mutants. PMID- 3215521 TI - Nucleotide sequence analysis of cDNA encoding the coat protein of cucumber mosaic virus: genome organization and molecular features of the protein. AB - The cDNA sequence coding for the coat protein of cucumber mosaic virus (Japanese Y strain) was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The sequence contains an open reading frame that encodes the coat protein composed of 218 amino acids. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the coat protein of this strain were compared with those of the Q strain; the homologies of the sequences were 78% and 81%, respectively. Further study of the sequences gave an insight into the genome organization and the molecular features of the coat protein. The coding region can be divided into three characteristic regions. The N-terminal region has conserved features in the positively charged structure, the hydropathy pattern and the predicted secondary structure, although the amino acid sequence is varied mainly due to frameshift mutations. It is noteworthy that the positions of arginine residues in this region are highly conserved. Both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the central region are well conserved. The amino acid sequence of the C-terminal region is not conserved, because of frameshift mutations, however, the total number of amino acids is conserved. The nucleotide sequence of the 3'-noncoding region is divergent, but it could form a tRNA-like structure similar to those reported for other viruses. Detailed investigation suggests that the Y and Q strains are evolutionarily distant. PMID- 3215522 TI - A class-I intron in a cyanelle tRNA gene from Cyanophora paradoxa: phylogenetic relationship between cyanelles and plant chloroplasts. AB - Cyanelles are photosynthetic organelles which are considered as intermediates between cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, and which have been found in unicellular eukaryotes such as Cyanophora paradoxa. The nucleotide sequence of a 667-bp region of the cyanelle genome from Cyanophora paradoxa containing genes coding for tRNA(UUCGlu) and tRNA(UAALeu) has been determined. The gene coding for tRNA(UAALeu) is split by a 232-bp intron which has a secondary structure typical for class-I structured introns and which is closely related to the intron located in the corresponding gene from liverwort and higher plant chloroplasts. It appears therefore that these tRNA(UAALeu) genes are all derived from one common ancestral gene which already contained a class-I intron. PMID- 3215523 TI - A domain that assumes a Z-conformation includes a specific deletion in some cloned variants of a complex satellite. AB - Sequence analyses show that deletions of 10 and 12 bp occur at homologous sites in a domain that is rich in alternating purines and pyrimidines (Pu/Py) in B42 and EXT, two cloned variants of a complex satellite DNA. A 3-bp deletion occurs 27 bp upstream from the site of the specific deletions in B42 and RU, a third cloned satellite variant that has not suffered the 10-bp deletion. Under torsional stress, the Pu/Py-rich domain adopts a Z-conformation as shown by (i) inhibition of cutting at a BssHII site that accounts for 2/5 of a 15-bp tract of pure Pu/Py in the domain; (ii) binding of polyclonal and monoclonal anti-Z-DNA antibodies to the domain; and (iii) antibody stabilization and subsequent relaxation of the Z-region. PMID- 3215524 TI - Mulcos: a vector for amplification and simultaneous expression of two foreign genes in mammalian cells. AB - A method was developed for amplification and expression of foreign genes in mammalian cells. This procedure exploits the fact that an SfiI cleavage site, GGCCGCCT/CGGCC (the recognition sequences are underlined), is present at the SV40 replication origin and the cleaved ends, CCT-3' and AGG-3', are not rotationally equivalent. Thus DNA fragments flanked by the SfiI sites can be ligated in head to-tail tandem arrays and cloned in cosmids; the resulting construct is called a mulcos. The cosmid vector we have used, pCHD2L, contains the single SfiI site as well as HmBR and dhfr genes, selectable markers in mammalian cells. Cassette plasmid pmoRH contains two expression units, each of which consists of SV40 early promoter, EcoRI or HindIII cloning site, small T splicing region, and poly(A) signal, and the two units as a whole are flanked by the SfiI sites. A set of alpha- and beta-chain cDNAs of a human major histocompatibility class-II antigen were inserted into the EcoRI and HindIII sites, respectively. The purified SfiI fragment, containing both expression units, was then ligated with SfiI-linearized cosmid vector pCHD2L at a molar ratio of 20:1. A mulcos containing eight pairs of the alpha- and beta-chain expression units was isolated by in vitro packaging in phage lambda heads and subsequent transfection into Escherichia coli. Drug selected cells transfected with the mulcos contained significantly higher copy numbers of the expression units and higher expression levels than those obtained using conventional plasmids. More than 85% of these cells expressed class-II antigen on their cell surfaces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215525 TI - Locus-specific vector/primer systems for rapid cloning of allelic variants. AB - We have developed a rapid cDNA cloning procedure which uses a single-stranded (ss) vector/primer in which the primer sequence is locus-specific. Vector/primers were constructed by substituting a specific oligodeoxynucleotide primer sequence in place of the polylinker in M13mp19. The ss vector/primer is linearized and used to prime cDNA synthesis. Recircularized DNA is then used directly to transform competent bacterial hosts. As no intermediate column purifications or extractions are necessary, the entire procedure is performed in a single tube, contributing to the overall simplicity of the protocol. The primary use for this kind of vector/primer system will be for cloning and sequencing multiple allelic variants of polymorphic loci which contain a conserved 3' sequence. The two vector/primers we report here are specific for HLA-DQ beta genes and for human Ig variable regions associated with IgM antibodies. PMID- 3215526 TI - Enzymatic amplification and characterization of large DNA fragments from genomic DNA. AB - Conditions for DNA amplification in vitro using modified T7 DNA polymerase have been devised to obtain 2000-bp DNA fragments of the HGPRT gene directly from human genomic DNA. The DNA obtained from a 1.2 x 10(5)-fold amplification has been used for direct sequencing. PMID- 3215527 TI - An alternative approach in gene synthesis: use of long selfpriming oligodeoxynucleotides for the construction of double-stranded DNA. AB - A novel approach for the synthesis of double-stranded DNA fragments from only one long oligodeoxynucleotide (oligo) is presented. The basic strategy is to use oligos which possess a short inverted repeat at their 3' end resulting in the formation of a hairpin structure. The 3' end of this hairpin then serves as a primer in the Klenow (large) fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I-mediated synthesis of the second DNA strand. Removal of the loop structure as well as generation of sticky ends for subsequent cloning is achieved by digestion with restriction enzymes. Several oligos ranging in size from 130 to 147 nt were synthesized and successfully used in the cloning of gene fragments of up to 120 bp in length. Furthermore, a strategy for the simultaneous cloning of two synthetic DNA fragments is outlined yielding even larger gene fragments. By sequential cloning of these gene fragments the methodology presented here will allow the synthesis of genes of any size. The proposed methodology should also be useful for site-directed mutagenesis as well as saturation mutagenesis. PMID- 3215528 TI - Ammonia-constitutive nitrogen fixation mutants of Rhodobacter capsulatus. AB - Mutants of R. capsulatus that express nif genes constitutively with respect to ammonia were studied in order to define better the circuit that regulates nif gene transcription. One mutant class could be complemented in trans by a cosmid clone containing a wild-type gene (nifR5) defined by Tn5 inserts as being no longer than 1.6 kb. The nifR5 gene is unlinked to previously described nif genes. A second mutant class could not be complemented by the wild-type cosmid library. For one mutant in this class, a nifH::lac fusion was used to select further mutants that were Lac-. Only two of these could be complemented in trans to Lac+; the complementing gene was nifR4, which is analogous to the ntrA gene of enterobacteria. Both complemented strains were Nifc. Therefore these mutations do not bypass the need for the nifR4 gene product. A third class of constitutive mutant was found by selecting Nif+ revertants of a Nif- strain deleted for the nifR1 and nifR2 genes. The nifR1 and nifR2 genes are homologues of enterobacterial ntrC and ntrB genes, respectively. Not all of the Nif+ revertants were constitutive; some were regulated normally by ammonia. We suspect that the latter revertants use alternate Ntr systems to activate nif gene transcription, a suggestion consistent with the observation that numerous bands in Southern blots of total DNA of R. capsulatus are identified by Escherichia coli ntr gene probes. PMID- 3215529 TI - Structural organization of the TRP1 gene of Phycomyces blakesleeanus: implications for evolutionary gene fusion in fungi. AB - The complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of the cloned TRP1 gene from Phycomyces blakesleeanus is reported. The gene encodes a trifunctional polypeptide that represents a sequential fusion of glutamine amidotransferase (TrpG), indoleglycerolphosphate synthetase (TrpC), and phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase (TrpF) activities from the amino- to the carboxy terminus. This genetic organization is characteristic of filamentous fungi in general. The transcription start sites and the polyadenylation sites of the gene have been mapped. The two predominant TRP1 transcripts have a short leader of 13 and 18 nt, while minor species with significantly longer leaders are also detectable. Approximately 50 bp and 70 bp upstream from the major transcription start points, sequences that match the canonical eukaryotic TATA and CAAT boxes, respectively, are found. Two major polyadenylation signals are located approximately 50 and 70 nt downstream from the translational stop. Three closely clustered minor polyadenylation sites map to roughly 120-150 bp 3' to the termination codon. The TRP1 gene is the first and only Phycomyces gene that has been cloned and sequenced. The information regarding the promoter and terminator of a Phycomyces gene derived from these studies should benefit strategies aimed at gene manipulations in this organism. PMID- 3215530 TI - [Comparative characteristics of biological effect of electromagnetic fields of ultrahigh and industrial frequencies]. PMID- 3215531 TI - [Toxicity criteria in the study of enzyme activity in a toxicological experiment]. PMID- 3215532 TI - [Protection of the population from the effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted by radiotechnological devices]. PMID- 3215533 TI - [Experience of the Ufa Research Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases with improving the system of introduction of scientific developments into practice]. PMID- 3215534 TI - [Joint activities of the F.F. Erisman Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene and the organs of practical public health]. PMID- 3215535 TI - [Developing ecological consciousness in medical students]. PMID- 3215537 TI - [A device for exposing small laboratory animals to electrostatic fields]. PMID- 3215536 TI - [A computerized method of studying the work capacity of schoolchildren]. PMID- 3215538 TI - [A spectrophotometric method of determining the levels of sulfhydryl groups in blood hemolysates using sodium p-chloromercuribenzoate]. PMID- 3215539 TI - [A spectrophotometric method of determining the levels of nitrates in animal feed, milk and meat]. PMID- 3215540 TI - [Hygienic significance of tobacco smoke air pollution]. PMID- 3215541 TI - [Toxic properties of phenylenediamine]. PMID- 3215542 TI - [A method of calculation of integral health status indicators in the complex hygienic evaluation of territories of different hierarchical levels]. PMID- 3215543 TI - [Data on hygienic substantiation of the maximum permissible level of keltan in atmospheric air]. PMID- 3215544 TI - [Characteristics of the effects of etimizol and caffeine on the conditioned reflex escape reaction after exposure to noise and vibration]. PMID- 3215545 TI - [Hygienic problems of using pesticides in relation to the introduction of new technological processes in plant protection]. PMID- 3215547 TI - [Data on the substantiation of maximum permissible exposure level of fire extinguishing powder "Pirant-A"]. PMID- 3215546 TI - [Embryotoxic effect of tin sulfate after its inhalation]. PMID- 3215548 TI - [Effect of the beginning of school education on the functional state of the visual analyzer in children]. PMID- 3215549 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of various methods of ultraviolet irradiation]. PMID- 3215550 TI - Breath pentane excretion as a marker of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Activated inflammatory cells are capable of stimulating lipid peroxidation. In 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, we measured the pulmonary excretion of pentane, a product released during lipid peroxidation. We found highly significant correlations between pentane excretion and both joint inflammation (r = 0.88, p less than 0.001) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.80, p less than 0.001). Patients treated with gold compounds or D-penicillamine excreted diminished amounts of pentane. The data suggest that lipid peroxidation may be related in part to the mechanism of injury in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3215551 TI - One-electron reduction of the antimalarial drug primaquine, studied by pulse radiolysis. AB - One-electron reduction of the antiparasitic drug primaquine has been studied by pulse radiolysis. Primaquine is reduced by the hydrated electron at neutral pH with a rate constant of (2.47 +/- 0.1) x 10(10) dm3mol-1s-1. Reduction by formate and isopropanol radicals is relatively slow (less than or equal to 10(7) dm3mol 1s-1) at neutral pH, but increases in rate with decreasing pH on protonation of the quinoline moiety. The one-electron reduction product form reaction of the hydrated electron with primaquine at neutral pH reacts with O2, benzyl viologen and NAD+ with rates of (1-2.3) x 10(9) dm3mol-1s-1. The relevance of these observations to the mechanisms proposed by Thornalley et al. (Biochem. Pharmacol. 32, 357, (1983] for oxygen free radical generation in solutions of NADPH and primaquine and the antiparasitic action of the drug is discussed. PMID- 3215552 TI - Chemiluminescent and respiratory responses related to thyroid hormone-induced liver oxidative stress. AB - Chemiluminescent and respiratory responses were studied in the liver of rats treated with 0.1 mg of triiodothyronine (T3)/kg for 1 to 7 days. Hyperthyroidism resulted in significant increments in the spontaneous chemiluminescence of the in situ liver in animals exhibiting a calorigenic response. Microsomal NADPH dependent oxygen uptake was enhanced by T3 treatment for 2 days, an effect that was completely abolished by the antioxidant cyanidanol. A similar microsomal antioxidant-sensitive respiratory component was observed in this situation after the addition of t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). However, basal rates of microsomal oxygen uptake and light emission in liver homogenates and microsomes were decreased by t-BHP, probably related to thyroid hormone-induced diminution in the content of cytochrome P-450 (Fernandez et al.) In addition, liver superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as well as the total content of glutathione were depressed by T3. These results indicate that the calorigenic response in the hyperthyroid state is accompanied by the development of an hepatic oxidative stress characterized by enhanced spontaneous chemiluminescence, enhanced NADPH dependent microsomal respiration and a decreased antioxidant cellular activity. PMID- 3215553 TI - Effect of daunorubicin on subcellular pools of glutathione in cultured heart cells from neonatal rats. AB - Alterations in cellular GSH and its compartmentation were investigated as a possible mechanism of toxicity of the anthracycline derivative daunorubicin in neonatal heart cells. Cultured beating heart cells from neonatal rats were exposed to daunorubicin at therapeutically relevant concentrations and the resulting changes in cellular GSH as well as cytosolic and mitochondrial pools of GSH were determined. Toxicity was estimated as an increased permeability of the plasma membrane to cytosolic enzymes, e.g., lactate dehydrogenase. Control heart cells were found to contain 12.2 +/- 1.8 nmoles GSH/10(6) cells. Daunorubicin caused a rapid initial decrease followed by a transient increase in cellular GSH. The extent of the latter increase was dependent on the concentration of daunorubicin. High concentrations of daunorubicin gave only a slight increase followed by a pronounced decrease in cellular GSH. By applying a digitonin-based method the effect of daunorubicin on the cytosolic and mitochondrial pools of GSH were separated. The concentration of cytosolic and mitochondrial reduced GSH was estimated to be 8.9 +/- 1.5 nmoles/10(6) cells and 3.3 +/- 0.6 nmoles/10(6) cells, respectively. The results indicate that daunorubicin caused a decrease of cytosolic GSH and, after a short lag period, a release of alctate dehydrogenase. No decrease of mitochondrial GSH occurred under these conditions indicating that daunorubicin influences selectively cytosolic GSH. No lipid peroxidation products were detected in DRB-treated cells under conditions when lactate dehydrogenase was released. Likewise, addition of the iron-chelator desferrioxamin did not influence the release of lactate dehydrogenase, whereas dithiothreitol offered partial protection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215554 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of meteorological factors on the incidence of abortion]. PMID- 3215555 TI - [Attitude to pregnancy and labor in high-risk and normal pregnancies]. PMID- 3215556 TI - [Studies of physical stress of parturients in the attempt to minimize intrapartum fetal risk. III. Comparative evaluation of exertion tolerance and the degree of stress in physiological labor]. PMID- 3215557 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis infections of the urogenital system in women]. PMID- 3215558 TI - [Post-radiation large intestine complications after radiotherapy of cancer of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 3215559 TI - [Confirmation of the absence of asymptomatic inflammatory foci in female genital organs as a prerequisite of hysterosalpingography]. PMID- 3215560 TI - [Evolution of the indications for cesarean section in our experience]. PMID- 3215561 TI - [Anuria caused by ligation of both ureters during cesarean section]. PMID- 3215562 TI - [Phlebographic picture of extravasation of a contrast medium as a complication of hysterography]. PMID- 3215563 TI - [Computer analysis of the variability of fetal heart rate and biophysical profile of the fetus during pregnancy in relation to the condition of the fetus and newborn infant. III. Short-term variability]. PMID- 3215564 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of thyrotropin secretion in women in the third trimester of uncomplicated pregnancy]. PMID- 3215565 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) secretion in women in the third trimester of uncomplicated pregnancy]. PMID- 3215567 TI - [Controversy on the termination of pregnancy]. PMID- 3215566 TI - [Cathepsin D of the amniotic fluid. II. Biochemical properties]. PMID- 3215568 TI - [Computer analysis of the variability of fetal heart rate in relation to the condition of the fetus and newborn infant. V. Spectrum analysis in high-risk pregnancy]. PMID- 3215569 TI - [The role of the mothers and newborn infant in cross infections caused by yeast like fungi]. PMID- 3215570 TI - [Colposcopic observations of the results of immuno-potentialization within the uterine cervix]. PMID- 3215571 TI - [Prolactin levels in women during the perimenopausal period]. PMID- 3215572 TI - [Chemotherapeutics used in perinatal infections]. PMID- 3215573 TI - [Intrafollicular ovarian pregnancy in a woman using an intrauterine contraceptive device]. PMID- 3215574 TI - [A case of surgical treatment of vesico- and rectovaginal fistulas after radiotherapy of cervical cancer]. PMID- 3215575 TI - For our children. PMID- 3215576 TI - Child abuse and neglect--the dentist's duty to report. PMID- 3215577 TI - AIDS hotline for teens. PMID- 3215578 TI - Dental tips. PMID- 3215579 TI - [Fetal heart rate patterns in a dying fetus]. PMID- 3215580 TI - [Single intrauterine fetal death in multiple gestation]. PMID- 3215581 TI - [Familial aggregation of sporadic colorectal cancer]. PMID- 3215582 TI - [Opsoclonus syndrome]. PMID- 3215583 TI - [Trachoma in Israel]. PMID- 3215585 TI - [Courage to change before disaster]. PMID- 3215584 TI - [Severe thrombocytopenia in acute brucellosis]. PMID- 3215586 TI - [Three reasons for the renaissance in sleep medicine]. PMID- 3215587 TI - [Bronchial asthma and air humidity]. PMID- 3215588 TI - [New contrast media]. PMID- 3215589 TI - [Apathy, jaundice and sepsis-like clinical picture in a 5-day-old premature infant]. PMID- 3215590 TI - Organized nursing responds to hazard communication standard. PMID- 3215591 TI - Can it be social work without a group? PMID- 3215592 TI - AIDS counseling and testing. PMID- 3215593 TI - Social workers as culture mediators in health care settings. AB - A framework for making ethnic assessments can be useful in understanding clients' diverse needs in health care settings and in intervention with medical team members and the community. Examples of how social workers can assume a role of culture mediator are presented. PMID- 3215594 TI - Social networks and health status of the unemployed. AB - Results of a study of the relationship between social networks and the health status of the unemployed, which used data gathered in the National Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences, are described. The number of and contact with close friends and relatives were predictive of health status for unemployed people beyond what is attributable to demographic factors. The relationship among these factors for the unemployed was compared with that in the total population and in an employed population, and the factors were found to be significantly more important for the unemployed. PMID- 3215595 TI - Acceptance of hospital-based respite care by families and elders. AB - Health and social service professionals generally view respite services as a preventive health care measure for both caregiver and recipient. However, many families with dependent elders are reluctant to use formal respite care services. Factors associated with family member perceptions of hospital-based respite care as a viable personal option are examined. The findings suggest that families often fail to recognize the preventive health care functions that respite care may offer and that practitioners should propose respite care as part of overall treatment plans. PMID- 3215596 TI - Community agency support of family caregiving. AB - Agencies that provided home care services for the elderly were surveyed to identify the services that they provided to support family caregivers. More than one-third of the responding agencies provided various family supports, including referral information, training and support groups, counseling, and hiring of family members as caregivers. Agencies favored expanding concrete and psychosocial services rather than financial supports. PMID- 3215597 TI - Preparation of social workers for a changing health care environment. AB - Rapid changes in health care have provided the impetus for social workers to reexamine their professional preparation for effective practice in health care settings today. Faculty teaching students and field instructors were asked to indicate on a questionnaire where specific subject matter is taught to social work students: in the classroom, in the field, or in both settings. Results of the study show a communication gap between school and field and a need for teaching models that enable educators to convey more of the profession's expanding knowledge base and to prepare students to deal with concurrent demands for expertise and expediency in practice. Programmatic changes to address these issues are suggested. PMID- 3215598 TI - Comprehensive AIDS-related services. PMID- 3215599 TI - [Biometry in the diagnosis and classification of oral and facial abnormalities]. PMID- 3215601 TI - [The canine tooth retraction arch--a new version]. PMID- 3215600 TI - [Positional and morphologic relations of the facial skeleton]. PMID- 3215602 TI - [Long-term observations of dental and occlusal development in patients with cleidocranial dysostosis]. PMID- 3215603 TI - [The importance of preoperative orthodontic therapy in the planning and performance of osteotomies of the middle face]. PMID- 3215605 TI - [A German Public Health Service study. The risk of HIV in dental practice?]. PMID- 3215606 TI - [Clinical tests in the United States. Initial success with an AIDS vaccine]. PMID- 3215607 TI - [Immune status. Slim chance for infected hemophiliacs]. PMID- 3215604 TI - [Success and failure in orthodontic treatment following temporomandibular condylar fractures]. PMID- 3215608 TI - [The physician and group therapy--no thank you!? Tips for leading group therapy- 1]. PMID- 3215609 TI - [Lumbar spinal stenoses. Results of surgical treatment]. PMID- 3215610 TI - [A critique of scientific consensus: the heresy of Peter Duesberg]. PMID- 3215611 TI - [What is possible with groups ... Tips for conducting group therapy--2]. PMID- 3215612 TI - [Sleep-disordered patients--problem cases in practice. An interview with Prof. Dr. E. Ruther, Gottingen]. PMID- 3215613 TI - [Abortion in the process of decriminalization? An international study of the Max Planck Institute at Freiburg. A more liberal legal approach does not result in more abortions]. PMID- 3215614 TI - Filling the gaps in health insurance: impact on competition. PMID- 3215616 TI - Competition's impact: a report from the front. PMID- 3215615 TI - Competition and quality. PMID- 3215617 TI - From movement to industry: the growth of HMOs. PMID- 3215618 TI - Foundations' role in health policy. PMID- 3215619 TI - Hospital quality in California. PMID- 3215620 TI - Market responses to declines in the output of M.D.s. PMID- 3215621 TI - Managed competition: an agenda for action. PMID- 3215622 TI - The changing world of group health insurance. PMID- 3215623 TI - Long esophagoplasty: functional study. AB - The functional results of different types of plasty were evaluated in 46 patients who had undergone esophageal replacement for different pathologies. The patients were classified into three groups according to the type of plasty: I) 19 ileocecocolonoplasties (ICC), II) 11 left colonoplasties (LC), III) 16 gastroplasties (GP). The postoperative studies made were: a) clinical evaluation, b) radiological barium contrast study, c) isotopic transit of semisolid food marked with 99m-Tc colloidal sulfur and d) manometry. The clinical evaluation disclosed no significant differences between the three groups. Isotopic scans revealed more rapid emptying of the ICC, with elimination by the ileal segment in the first minute of 76.3 +/- 3.3% of the isotope, and by the entire plasty of 79.4 +/- 4.2% in 15 minutes (p less than 0.001). The manometric study showed non response by the GP. The motor activity of the terminal ileoplasty was greater than that of the other plasties studied, and that of the right colonoplasty was greater than that of the left (p less than 0.01). Likewise, the clearance of acid (HCl 0.1N) by the ICC was more rapid than that of the LC (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that, functionally, the ICC is a better long esophagoplasty than the other procedures studied. PMID- 3215624 TI - Reassessment of enteric endocrine cell hyperplasia in celiac disease. AB - Celiac disease is characterized by reversible, gluten-induced, architectural abnormalities of the intestinal mucosa. Villus atrophy is compensated for by an increase in the number of proliferating cells and an increase in crypt cell production rate, resulting in increased crypt length and girth. Several authors, employing various methods of quantitation, have reported enteric endocrine cell hyperplasia in celiac disease. The present study has re-evaluated enteric endocrine cell status in this disorder by employing methods of quantitation which more accurately take account of alterations of crypt morphology than those previously used. Numbers of endocrine cells expressed as cells per unit of crypt length are not increased in the celiac biopsies when contrasted with those from controls. Indeed, numbers of cells immunoreactive for gastrin, GIP, motilin and somatostatin were reduced in the celiac mucosa. Endocrine cell hyperplasia in the celiac small bowel is not as marked as was previously thought, and may lag behind that of the enterocyte population. PMID- 3215625 TI - Forty-six patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: radiological bile duct changes in relationship to clinical course and concomitant inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The clinical features of primary sclerosing cholangitis were studied in 46 consecutive patients. Jaundice was the most common symptom (57%), followed by pruritus (28%), pain (24%), and fever (15%). Thirty-three per cent of the patients had no symptoms, merely laboratory changes. No significant relationship was observed between a numerical score of radiological bile duct changes at diagnosis and the clinical picture, or the clinical course during follow-up. If clinical deterioration occurred, this seemed to happen within the first eight years after the clinical presentation. Patients with only intra-hepatic bile duct changes (n = 10) did not differ clinically from those with extrahepatic changes as well. Forty-three out of 44 patients examined had inflammatory bowel disease, usually ulcerative colitis, with total colitis in 84%. Radiological bile duct changes had a significantly higher score in patients who had to be treated with a combination of sulfasalazine and steroids, suggesting a weak relationship between severity of bowel disease and bile duct disease. PMID- 3215626 TI - Different doses of recombinant alpha interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients without antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus. AB - A total of 24 chronic carriers of HBsAg, HBeAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA were included in a controlled trial. The patients were randomly assigned to four groups: Group I (n = 6): control; group II (n = 6): 2.5 MU; group III (n = 6): 5 MU and group IV (n = 6): 10 MU rIFN-alpha/m2 body surface 3 times weekly i.m. during 6 months. At the end of the treatment, all patients under therapy, as well as 4 belonging to the control group, lost HBV-DNA polymerase. HBV-DNA became negative in 3 (50%), 1 (17%), and 2 (33%) patients from groups II, III, and IV, respectively, while all patients from the control group maintained HBV-DNA. At 15 months of follow-up, 6 patients (33%) under therapy (2 from each group) and 1 from the control group remained HBV-DNA-negative. Knodell's index decreased significantly on comparing basal and final liver biopsies among patients in group IV (16.0 +/- 1.9 vs 7.0 +/- 1.9, p less than 0.01), while no changes were observed in the other groups. Five patients (27%) developed anti-IFN antibodies during treatment. In summary, although low doses of rIFN-alpha (2.5-5 MU) had an antiviral effect on HBV replication, only patients treated with 10 MU showed a significant decrease in liver histological activities. In addition, the effectiveness of rIFN-alpha therapy may be negatively influenced by the appearance of anti-IFN antibodies. PMID- 3215627 TI - Serum HBV DNA and intrahepatic hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: correlation with infectivity and liver histology. AB - In this study we investigated the HBeAg/anti HBeAg status, the liver histological features, the intrahepatic localization of HBcAg, and the presence of serum HBV DNA in a group of 79 HBsAg-positive patients. We found a close relationship between the presence of HBV DNA and intrahepatic HBcAg in HBeAg-positive patients. Among the 56 anti-HBeAg-positive patients considered, 13 (23.2%) showed the presence of intrahepatic HBcAg and serum HBV DNA. In this group of patients, active viral replication was associated with a chronic inflammatory liver disease and particularly with CAH. Furthermore, a prevalent cytoplasmic localization of HBcAg was found in 66.6% of patients affected by CAH, showing that this peculiar distribution of HBcAg seems to be associated with a poor prognosis. PMID- 3215628 TI - Alterations of the plasma selenium concentrations and the activities of tissue peroxide metabolism enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. AB - The activity of aortic glutathione peroxidase, a selenium-dependent enzyme, significantly decreased in rats 4 and 8 months after the injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Catalase activity was shown to occur at low levels in rat aorta and was not influenced by the diabetic state. Superoxide dismutase activity was less than detectable. The activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase in kidney, but not in lung and liver, increased in diabetic rats. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the kidney were not altered. The plasma lipid peroxide value increased in diabetic rats. The selenium content in plasma of diabetic rats increased markedly while the increase in plasma glutathione peroxidase activities was insignificant. The observed abnormalities in plasma of STZ rats were improved by insulin treatment. The defects in glutathione peroxidase in the diabetic rat aorta were restored by insulin treatment. These results may suggest that the capacity of the antioxidative defense system in the aorta decreased in the diabetic state, and this may help clarify the mechanism of the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes. PMID- 3215629 TI - Gossypol and testicular lipids of adult rats. AB - Testicular lipids act as source of energy, structural components of spermatozoa and precursors of androgen biosynthesis. Treatment with antispermatogeneic agents cause accumulation of testicular lipids. Gossypol, an effective antispermatogenic agent causes marked accumulation of testicular neutral lipids. It did not affect testicular phospholipids. Gossypol treatment did not bring about marked changes in the key enzymes like HMG Co A reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase malic enzyme and cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase involved in sterol biosynthesis. Thus, gossypol brings about marked accumulation of glycerides and esterified cholesterol in the testis due to its effect on spermatogenic elements of adult rats. PMID- 3215630 TI - Methylcobalamin improves nerve conduction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats without affecting sorbitol and myo-inositol contents of sciatic nerve. PMID- 3215631 TI - Expression of S14 gene during differentiation of 3T3-L1-cells. PMID- 3215632 TI - Giant cell fibroblastoma of soft tissue: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. AB - Giant cell fibroblastoma is an uncommon, benign tumour of soft tissue which was first described in 1982. Thirty-five cases have been previously published. Six new cases are reported herein, which have also been examined immunohistochemically for the expression of vimentin, desmin, myoglobin, S-100 protein, neurofilaments, Factor VIII related antigen and binding of the lectin Ulex europaeus. The previous literature has been reviewed. Giant cell fibroblastoma most often presents in early childhood as a slowly growing, infiltrative subcutaneous mass at a wide variety of sites. It shows a predilection for males and may recur locally in up to 50% of cases. The very distinctive histological features, characterized by so-called solid and angiectoid areas, are presented. The tumour cells were vimentin positive but negative for all other markers used. In particular, there was no evidence of endothelial differentiation. The histogenesis of this unusual tumour is discussed in the light of previous ultrastructural findings. PMID- 3215633 TI - A morphometric assessment of transitional mucosa in the colon. AB - Quantitative morphometric analysis was used in 10 resection specimens to assess so-called transitional mucosa immediately adjacent to colorectal carcinoma. Eleven nuclear and cellular variables were measured from the malignant epithelial area and from zones of increasing distance (1 cm) from the lesion. In addition, mean mucosal height was assessed for each zone. Morphometrical differences between the mucosa immediately adjacent to the malignant epithelium and that taken at some distance from it were determined by Mann-Whitney U tests. Transitional mucosa showed increased mucosal height but no nuclear differences from normal mucosa. Other work has shown that there are nuclear morphometric differences associated with premalignant conditions in the colon. Thus, the suggestion that transitional mucosa represents early neoplastic change cannot be supported. PMID- 3215634 TI - Biopsy pathology of the gastrointestinal tract in human immunodeficiency virus associated disease: a 5 year experience in Zurich. AB - Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated disease are subject to a wide variety of unusual opportunistic infections and to the development of malignant tumours. These complications frequently manifest themselves within the gastrointestinal tract and endoscopic biopsies may contribute to their diagnosis. The results of 63 such biopsies from 28 patients are reviewed in this study. The diagnoses made included: upper gastrointestinal tract candidiasis (n = 6); cytomegalovirus infection of large intestine (n = 2); cryptosporidiosis (n = 1); spirochaetosis (n = 2); Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 4); malignant lymphoma (n = 3); and anal carcinoma (n = 2). Many of the specimens also showed inflammatory changes with no demonstrable aetiological agent. No specific pattern could be recognized for HIV infection per se. PMID- 3215635 TI - Primary undifferentiated sarcoma of the thoracic aorta. AB - A case of a primary undifferentiated sarcoma of the descending thoracic aorta in a 75-year-old man is reported. Intraluminal growth and occlusion produced congestive heart failure and renal failure. The thoracic aorta was relatively normal on chest radiography so that the lesion was undiscovered until the autopsy. To our knowledge, it is the first case of a primary undifferentiated sarcoma of the thoracic aorta, and the first undifferentiated aortic sarcoma to be examined with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry verified the sarcomatous nature of the undifferentiated neoplasm. PMID- 3215636 TI - Cloacogenic polyps--clinical and pathological features. AB - Two cases of cloacogenic polyp are described. These polyps have been previously reported by American authors (Lobert & Appleman 1981), but the entity has not been described in the British literature. PMID- 3215637 TI - Diagnostic significance of mean numbers of nucleolar organizer regions in benign and malignant transitional tumours of nose. AB - On the basis of a silver colloid technique to identify nucleolar organizer region associated protein (AgNOR) counts, transitional papillomas of the nose showing malignant change could easily be distinguished from their benign counterparts and both could be distinguished from invasive carcinomas. PMID- 3215638 TI - Adenomatoid tumour of the uterus. AB - Two adenomatoid tumours of the uterus were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies to keratin, Factor VIII related antigen, EMA, CEA and a specific protein isolated from mesothelioma cells. The tumour cells gave positive staining for keratin and for the specific mesothelial marker. The results strongly support a mesothelial origin for adenomatoid tumours and this panel of antibodies may be used to solve diagnostic problems. PMID- 3215639 TI - A sertoliform endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. AB - Sertoliform endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the ovary are well recognized but, curiously, a sertoliform pattern has not previously been noted in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the endometrium. An endometrial tumour is described which showed in some areas the typical appearances of an endometrioid adenocarcinoma and in others a pattern closely resembling that of a Sertoli cell tumour. PMID- 3215640 TI - AHA opposes routine testing of patients for AIDS, reaffirms use of universal precautions. PMID- 3215641 TI - Programs and politics: toward new coalitions. PMID- 3215642 TI - Assessing the patient's functional performance. PMID- 3215643 TI - Involuntary outpatient commitment in Arizona: a retrospective study. AB - In July 1983 Arizona's commitment statutes were revised to allow the courts to order involuntary outpatient treatment for the mentally ill. Using retrospective data from medical and court records, patients at a county hospital in Tucson for whom involuntary commitment was sought before outpatient commitment was available were compared with similar groups of patients after outpatient commitment was instituted. Patients ordered to receive outpatient treatment did not differ significantly in diagnosis or reason for commitment from patients committed to inpatient treatment before the change in the law. However, shorter inpatient stays were reported after outpatient commitment became available. In addition, the percentage of patients who voluntarily maintained an active relationship with community treatment centers six months after commitment increased significantly after outpatient commitment was instituted. PMID- 3215644 TI - A citizens' coalition in mental health advocacy: the Maryland experience. AB - In July 1983 four statewide Maryland citizens' organizations formed a coalition to advocate for persons with mental illnesses. The groups were the Alliance for the Mentally Ill of Maryland; On Our Own of Maryland, a state-wide consumer group; the Maryland Association of Psychosocial Services, representing consumers and providers of rehabilitative services; and the Mental Health Association of Maryland. The chief focus of their advocacy is on making a place in the community for citizens with long-term mental illness. The coalition's rules are simple: to advocate jointly on issues on which they all agree and to not mention their disagreements in public. With a paid lobbyist, the coalition's advocacy has helped produce significant financial and programmatic gains for Maryland's mentally ill citizens. PMID- 3215645 TI - Frequent rehospitalization and noncompliance with treatment. AB - The relationship between frequent rehospitalization and compliance with treatment (medication and aftercare) was examined in a retrospective chart review of patients treated at an urban community mental health center over an 18-month period. Twenty-five patients who had been hospitalized three or more times during the study period were compared with a matched group of 25 patients who had been hospitalized less than three times and with the total group of 698 patients active at the center throughout that period. The study found a highly significant correlation between noncompliance with medication and frequent rehospitalization. Compared with the general psychiatric patient population, frequently hospitalized patients tended to be younger and to have a chronic psychiatric illness, particularly one with an affective component, that featured at least intermittent psychosis. The author recommends study of outpatient commitment to treatment as a means of reducing noncompliance. PMID- 3215646 TI - Practices reported by incarcerated drug abusers to reduce risk of AIDS. AB - The nation's response to AIDS has failed to effectively curb the spread of AIDS among intravenous (IV) drug users, who are primarily responsible for transmitting the disease to heterosexuals and children. A study assessing awareness of AIDS among 58 county jail inmates--27 IV drug abusers and 31 nonintravenous drug abusers--found that a minority had received formal AIDS education. All of the subjects claimed to be taking some precautions against AIDS, but IV drug abusers were significantly more fearful about contracting AIDS than were nonintravenous users. Less than half of either group knew that asymptomatic carriers of the AIDS virus were infectious. IV drug users who reported no longer sharing needles (56 percent) or no longer shooting drugs (22 percent) were more likely than those who took less effective precautions to believe that individuals had control over events. County jails and other correctional institutions are urged to educate inmates about AIDS prevention. PMID- 3215647 TI - Community interventions for juvenile firesetters: a survey of two national programs. AB - Twenty-nine local affiliates of two national organizations that sponsor community based intervention programs for juvenile firesetters completed a 32-item survey on the characteristics of the populations served, the services provided, program operations, and obstacles to service delivery. Sixteen programs that used the intervention approach developed by the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency were compared with 13 programs that used the approach developed by the National Firehawk Foundation. The comparisons revealed few significant differences between the two groups. Both types of programs emphasized detection and initial assessment of the firesetter and relied heavily on fire safety education as an intervention measure, although Firehawk programs offered a service that matched firesetters with volunteer fire fighters who serve as appropriate role models. PMID- 3215648 TI - Recent developments in the Grenada mental health program. AB - The activities of a multidisciplinary team of mental health professionals during their initial year of work to upgrade the mental health system in the English speaking Caribbean nation of Grenada are described. Improvement of services at the islands only psychiatric hospital received top priority. The team helped Grenadian staff to sharpen basic techniques of active treatment, which included assessment of psychiatric symptoms, development of treatment plans, and intervention with patients. Maintenance of medical records was improved, procedures for medication and seclusion were standardized, weekly ward rounds were routinized, and regular staff meetings were urged. Among the obstacles faced by the team in implementing these changes were staffs delayed acceptance of collaborative interdisciplinary team-work, as well as shortages of money and personnel. PMID- 3215649 TI - Knowledge about AIDS among psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 3215650 TI - Use of passes on a general hospital psychiatric unit. PMID- 3215652 TI - Mental illness: NAMI's view. PMID- 3215651 TI - Dice therapy: deterring suicidal behavior by a borderline patient. PMID- 3215654 TI - Predictors of suicide. PMID- 3215653 TI - Diagnosing drug dependency. PMID- 3215655 TI - Nursing homes. PMID- 3215657 TI - The proposal for an ISDS House of Delegates. PMID- 3215656 TI - Dental education in transition: a dialogue with Illinois' dental Deans. PMID- 3215658 TI - Best defense: the dentist and the legal process--a practical guide. PMID- 3215660 TI - Human trials of AIDS vaccine. PMID- 3215659 TI - AIDS related legislation. PMID- 3215663 TI - Dentistry in China 1987. PMID- 3215662 TI - A conversation with Dr. Edward Pavlik, Cook County's Chief of Forensic Sciences. Interview by Roger H. Scholle. PMID- 3215661 TI - Smokeless tobacco prevalence and prevention in Illinois. PMID- 3215664 TI - A conversation with Dr. Robert Newkirk, ISDS President. Interview by Robert H Scholle. PMID- 3215665 TI - Best defense: the dentist and the legal process--a practical guide. Part two. PMID- 3215667 TI - Ultrasonics and sonics: the wave of the future in endodontics? PMID- 3215666 TI - Cementicle--a case report. PMID- 3215668 TI - A conversation with Dr. Calvin Akal, chairman ISDS Peer Review Committee. Interview by Roger Scholle and Mary Schaefer. PMID- 3215669 TI - Illness and recovery. PMID- 3215670 TI - Partners in dental health. PMID- 3215672 TI - [Superficial mycotic infections in AIDS and other HIV-infection related syndromes]. PMID- 3215671 TI - [Telethermography, a new method in the evaluation of topical corticosteroid activity]. PMID- 3215673 TI - [Prevalence of skin diseases in patients of a mental hospital]. PMID- 3215674 TI - [Malignant acanthosis nigricans and squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney pelvis]. PMID- 3215676 TI - Success of autonomic operant conditioning of heart rate without involving contractions of somatic skeletal muscles. AB - In conscious Wistar rats neuromuscularly paralysed by gallamine, operantly conditioned reduction of heart rate was achieved under both negative and positive reinforcement schedules using the tail shock avoidance or the rewarding brain stimulations in 20-min test sessions. The primary aim was to assess whether it would be possible to achieve operant conditioning of the heart rate, evoked not as a secondary reflex response of any voluntary skeletal muscular contractions of trunk but as a conditioned voluntary function of the central autonomic regulation of a visceral organ, since this entire subject was peculiarly left in confusion by Miller (5, 8) who wanted that others should independently study it. This study revealed interestingly that not every subject might be able to achieve the visceral learning in a given set of conditions, and suggested that this type of a special learning might be dependent on individual predisposition in the central nervous system. In the present study, 15 showed the learning, out of the 58 subjects assessed. It was also observed that there was a variation in the magnitude of the learning response among different learners, and, also, in the same subject in different sessions conducted on different days. This is considered as an indication that this type of conditioned autonomic function is probably not easily recruited into the long-term memory mechanisms. The overall average of the operant lowering of the heart rate progressively achieved by the end part of the learning session was about 10.5% from the basal average rate, and the score of reinforcement (per cent of painful tail shocks avoided, or of increase in number of brain shocks achieved) was over 80%. The extinction test confirmed the learning. Control experiments revealed that the conditioned heart rate changes were not due to any unconditioned stimulus effects. The learning observed under the brain-stimulation reinforcement was confirmed by losing the learning response after lesioning the site of the rewarding stimulation. The visceral operant learning occurring in state of somatomotor paralysis under both negative and positive types of reinforcement was blocked by haloperidol. Morphine delayed the onset of the pain avoidance operant learning, whereas it speeded up the hedonic brain-stimulation operant learning. The results, considered from all the above angles, dispell the doubt previously expressed about the occurrence of the operant conditioning of heart rate under a visceral learning paradigm. PMID- 3215675 TI - [In vitro study on the validity of the use of antimycograms in the target treatment of superficial candidiasis]. PMID- 3215677 TI - Effect of vatharasavangam on U14C-glucose absorption and utilization in hyperglycemic rabbits. AB - Vatharasavangam (VRV) is a hypoglycemic drug mentioned in the Siddha Literature. Previous studies showed that VRV therapy brings down the blood glucose levels in the hyperglycemic rabbits. The present intestinal perfusion studies with labelled glucose indicate that the blood glucose homeostatis in VRV treated animals is brought about by a significant reduction in the rate of glucose absorption in the intestine. Further an enhanced incorporation of 14C glucose into tissue glycogen is observed in the VRV treated rabbits when compared to the hyperglycemic rabbits. PMID- 3215678 TI - Autonomic responses to breath holding and its variations following pranayama. AB - Autonomic responses to breath holding were studied in twenty healthy young men. Breath was held at different phases of respiration and parameters recorded were Breath holding time, heart rate systolic and diastolic blood pressure and galvanic skin resistance (GSR). After taking initial recordings all the subjects practised Nadi-Shodhana Pranayama for a period of 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks same parameters were again recorded and the results compared. Baseline heart rate and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) showed a rendency to decrease and both these autonomic parameters were significantly decreased at breaking point after pranayamic breathing. Although the GSR was recorded in all subjects the observations made were not conclusive. Thus pranayama breathing exercises appear to alter autonomic responses to breath holding probably by increasing vagal tone and decreasing sympathetic discharges. PMID- 3215679 TI - Thermal changes produced by norepinephrine application in the preoptic area of monkeys. AB - The effect of injection of norepinephrine in the anterior regions of hypothalamus on rectal temperature, skin temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate in rhesus monkeys was studied. The injection of 2 micrograms of norepinephrine in the preoptic area produced a fall in body temperature without any accompanying change in skin temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate. The findings suggest that the suppression of heat production may be responsible for the norepinephrine induced hypothermia in monkeys. PMID- 3215680 TI - Acid phosphatase activity and fresh tissue weights of accessory sex organs in adult male rats following pituitary transplantation. AB - The effect of female pituitary transplantation under renal capsule of castrated adult male rats on accessory sex organs was studied either in presence or in absence of testosterone. Acid phosphatase activity in prostate and seminal vesicle was estimated apart from recording the fresh tissue weights of prostate, seminal vesicle, coagulating and preputial glands. Prolactin secreted from grafted pituitary significantly increased the fresh tissue weights of all sex accessories except seminal vesicle. Testosterone treatment in presence of pituitary graft stimulated the acid phosphatase activity of prostate and seminal vesicle. Prolactin in absence of testosterone could not change the enzymatic activity of prostate and seminal vesicle. The results indicate that prolactin can act directly on prostate, coagulating glands and preputial glands. Accessory sex organs also require the presence of androgens as well as prolactin to maintain the functions of sex accessories in adult male rats. PMID- 3215681 TI - Influence of dopaminergic receptor supersensitivity on anticonvulsant action of carbamazepine. AB - Dopamine (DA) receptor supersensitivity was induced in albino rats by haloperidol (5 mg/kg, ip day, for 18 days) and after 48 hr carbamazepine (CBZ) was administered in graded doses. The animals were subjected to Maximal Electroshock Seizures (MES) test, Minimal Electroconvulsive Threshold (MET) test and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions test. Haloperidol pretreatment marginally increased the effect of CBZ against PTZ induced seizures, but not against electrically induced seizures (MES and MET tests). PMID- 3215682 TI - Immunopharmacological studies on picrorhiza kurroa Royle-Ex-Benth. Part V: Anti inflammatory action: relation with cell types involved in inflammation. AB - Relative importance of various cells involved in inflammation and in anti inflammatory action of P. kurroa extract (PK) was investigated in albino rats. Effects of chemical depletion of macrophages and polymorphs and a functional deprivement of mast cells and platelets were examined on carrageenin induced pedal inflammation as well as on anti-inflammatory effect of PK treatment in this test. Such depletions/functional deprivements altered the inflammatory response in conformity with the known role of these cells. The anti-inflammatory effect of PK treatment was counteracted at 1 hr, 3 hr and 5 hr post-insult intervals by mast cell, neutrophil and macrophage depletion respectively. Manipulation of platelets was without effect. PMID- 3215683 TI - Hypolipidaemic effects of Curcuma longa L and Nardostachys jatamansi, DC in triton-induced hyperlipidaemic rats. AB - Fifty per cent ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa (tuber) and Nardostachys jatamansi (whole plant) feeding elevates HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio. The extracts also caused a significant reduction in the ratio of total cholesterol/phospholipids. Curcuma longa exhibited better cholesterol and triglyceride lowering activity [Ch = -85%; Tg = -88%] as compared to N. jatamansi in triton-induced hyperlipidaemic rats. In view of the protective action of HDL against heart disease and atherogenecity, C. longa consumption is recommended. PMID- 3215685 TI - Thrombophlebitis with diazepam and ampicillin. PMID- 3215684 TI - Cardio-vascular changes during graded exercise. AB - In the present study cardio-vascular adaptation to graded exercise was studied in untrained male medical students. The subjects were given two grades of exercise each lasting for about five minutes with a rest of fifteen minutes in between on a mechanically braked bicycle ergometer. There was a statistically significant rise in the heart rate during both the exercise sessions. This rise was persistent even after fifteen minutes of rest following the second session. The systolic blood pressure also showed a statistically significant rise in both the sessions. However, the diastolic blood pressure showed a significant drop in the second exercise session. Both these changes could possibly be attributed to sustained release of epinephrine. PMID- 3215686 TI - Some recent work at the Common Cold Unit, Salisbury. PMID- 3215687 TI - Infections following tickbites. Tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis--a prospective epidemiological study from Tyrol. AB - We present here a prospective study on infections following tickbites in military recruits in the province of Tyrol (Austria). 84 recruits experienced tickbites and underwent clinical and serological examination twice at four-week intervals for signs of tick borne encephalitis (TBE)-virus or Borrelia burgdorferi infections. 56 and 50 recruits could be evaluated for TBE-virus and Borrelia infection, respectively. Whereas no recruit was found with clinical or laboratory evidence of TBE-virus infection, two (4%) recruits showed an erythema chronicum migrans as primary manifestation of a Borrelia burgdorferi infection and 11 (20%) recruits had a significant increase in the titer of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. Our results support the predominance of a subclinical course of a tick-transmitted borrelia infection in the population under observation, and shed some light on the epidemiological situation of tick-transmitted diseases in Tyrol. PMID- 3215688 TI - The etiology of acute hepatitis in hospitalized children in Cairo Egypt. AB - Seromarkers for hepatitis A, B and D were used to determine the cause of acute hepatitis in 94 children (age 2 to 14 years) prospectively studied when they were admitted to Embaba Fever Hospital in Cairo, Egypt, between January and April 1983. The diagnoses were: hepatitis A (4%), hepatitis B (33%), acute hepatitis in HBsAg carriers (10%), dual infections with A and B (2%), and hepatitis non-A, non B (NANB) (50%). Past hepatitis A was diagnosed in 96%. Among acute hepatitis B infections, 17% (5 of 29 tested) had anti-delta antibody; of HBsAg positive persons, 15% (6 of 40) were HBeAg positive. Two patients had simultaneous presence of HBsAg and antiHBs. For differential diagnosis, clinical, epidemiological, and biochemical findings were evaluated but did not distinguish hepatitis B from NANB hepatitis. Males predominated for HBV infections. No risk factors were found for 58% of HBV and 70% of NANB infections; of the remaining patients, 42% percent of HBV and 30% of NANB infections were associated with injections or surgery but none with transfusion or known contact with hepatitis cases. PMID- 3215690 TI - The effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline. PMID- 3215691 TI - HIV-IgM serology. PMID- 3215689 TI - Murine typhus and spotted fever in Israel in the eighties: retrospective analysis. AB - One hundred and twenty-one cases of murine typhus and spotted fever in Israel between 1976 and 1985 in the Chaim Sheba Medical Center are reviewed. Clinical manifestations of murine typhus were similar to those described previously, but those of spotted fever were different from classical Mediterranean spotted fever: rash was present in 87% but eschar was noted in only two out of 38 patients. The occurrence of relapse in eight of the 16 patients treated with chloramphenicol (seven cases of murine typhus and one case of spotted fever) was striking, particularly since none occurred in 86 patients treated with tetracycline hydrochloride (p less than 0.01). Relapses were milder than the primary illness, except for one which did not receive specific therapy and was fatal. PMID- 3215693 TI - Bacteria in decubitus ulcers. PMID- 3215692 TI - Community-acquired bacteremic Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus pneumonia. PMID- 3215694 TI - Experience with parenteral and sequential parenteral-oral amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin) in hospitalized patients. AB - The efficacy and safety of sequential parenteral-oral Augmentin (amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid) therapy was evaluated in an open study with 249 adult patients in 18 Swiss hospitals. The patients were suffering from infections of the respiratory tract, skin and/or soft tissues, urinary tract, or female pelvic organs, and 36 had bacteraemia. One quarter of the patients treated were in a poor or critical condition. The overall bacteriological success rate was 94.1%. Augmentin achieved a satisfactory clinical response (cure or improvement) in 96.7% of the infections treated, with the following response rates for the five major categories of infection: respiratory tract infections 97.0%, urinary tract infections 97.8%, pelvic inflammatory disease 100%, septicaemia 91.4% and skin and soft tissue infections 95.7%. The observed adverse drug events include slight to moderate diarrhoea in 3.6% of the patients and skin reactions in 4.8%. It is concluded that Augmentin was an effective and safe treatment in this group of hospitalized patients. PMID- 3215696 TI - Philosophy and rationale of curriculum change. AB - There are several factors in curriculum design of universal importance. Faculty members at all levels must be free to contribute but it must be recognized that decisions have to be made at department, school and university levels. Programme goals must be defined so that there is adequate education of dental practitioners and not just training for dental students. Preclinical teaching should not be an end in itself but should be closely relevant to clinical practice. Basic concepts must be taught; factual overload should be avoided and outdated material eliminated. The curriculum should meet local needs and not be based on one developed for another part of the world. In re-designing a curriculum, attention should be paid to new content, new teaching methods, the introduction of early clinical experience, evaluation methods and the effects of specialization in practice. Above all, curriculum revision must be an ongoing process. PMID- 3215697 TI - Curriculum changes in dental education in Latin America. AB - In Latin America great emphasis has been placed upon relating dental education directly to community needs. Curricula are no longer defined solely by professionals, for society too is playing a greater part in curriculum design. Educational objectives are being met through the solution of community problems. Emphasis upon the tooth as the focus of dental education has been abandoned. The old approach of finding the right patient to satisfy the student's training in technique is being replaced by a philosophy of total dental care. In this way there is better integration of knowledge, skills and attitudes in dental education. An emphasis on primary care is now very much to the fore in Latin America. New categories of personnel have been brought into the teaching programmes and their contributions monitored. The physical facilities for dental care have been greatly modified in recent years. The importance of staff development programmes to the acceptance and implementation of new curriculum ideas is stressed. PMID- 3215695 TI - An international study on the occurrence of multiresistant bacteria and aminoglycoside consumption patterns. AB - The correlation between aminoglycoside consumption patterns and the occurrence of aminoglycoside-resistant bacteria from 12 different countries was analyzed. Regional and national data were collected retrospectively and compared. There was evidence of a wide variation of the national aminoglycoside consumption patterns in the different countries. There was a striking correlation of gentamicin resistance and the total national aminoglycoside and national gentamicin consumption. In addition, there was a clear correlation between bacterial resistance inside and outside the hospital to the total amount of aminoglycoside, particularly gentamicin, consumption in hospitals. In a number of countries, an increase in the frequency of gentamicin-resistant bacterial strains could be noticed. For amikacin, only a correlation of staphylococcal resistance in hospitalized patients to the total amount of national aminoglycoside and amikacin consumption could be found. PMID- 3215699 TI - Recent changes in the dental curriculum in Japan. AB - Information on curriculum changes was obtained from 25 of Japan's 29 dental schools. Twelve of the schools reported changes in the last 5 years. There has been some extension of inter-disciplinary teaching, more integration of previously separate courses and improved orientation at the beginning of new courses. Japanese dental education has not been influenced by significant changes in dental disease for the changes noted in other industrialized countries have not yet made an impact in Japan. Among aims for the future are (1) to shift curriculum emphasis from dental caries to periodontal disease, (2) to develop a better understanding of the dental needs of the elderly (3) and to improve the comprehension of relevant general health problems. An extensive internship programme has recently been introduced in Japan. PMID- 3215698 TI - Curricular trends in North America. AB - Curricular changes in North America are at present being stimulated by changing disease patterns, changes in the needs of the patients attending dental schools, the desire to broaden educational experience without overloading the curriculum and overstressing the students. Curricula are changing in their content, their format, in the methodology used and in the targets that students are set. The evaluation of curricula and the planning of change are processes that are themselves undergoing revision. PMID- 3215700 TI - Periodontal status and treatment needs among regular dental patients. AB - A survey of periodontal status and treatment needs among dental patients was performed using the CPITN criteria, with the worst score per sextant being recorded, based on examination of all surfaces of all teeth. Regularly attending patients (n = 1092) from 36 general dental practices in two North Carolina counties were examined. The most frequently found worst conditions-per-patient across all ages were the presence of calculus (35 per cent) and the presence of 4 5 mm pockets (35 per cent). The most common worst condition-per-sextant was bleeding (32 per cent) followed by calculus (28 per cent). Less than a fifth of all sextants exhibited pocketing, although half of the patients had at least a 4 5 mm pocket. The mean amount of treatment time required for these conditions was 33 minutes, reflecting the general absence of the need for complex periodontal treatment. PMID- 3215701 TI - Comparative study of the kinetics of the acrosome reaction and survival of human spermatozoa in various media. AB - The in-vitro kinetics of the acrosome reaction and the survival of human spermatozoa were studied under different capacitating conditions. Human preovulatory follicular fluid (FF), isotonic BWW (N-BWW) and hypertonic BWW (H BWW) were tested. Motile sperm selected by migration in these media were examined after 1, 3, 5 and 22 h of incubation under 5% CO2. The kinetics of the reaction in the population of live, morphologically normal sperm was dependent on both the culture medium and time of incubation. In the first hour, the mean percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm in H-BWW and FF was significantly greater than in N-BWW. The proportion of reacted cells increased significantly after 3 h in N-BWW (P = 0.001), after 5 h in FF (P = 0.03) and after 22 h in H-BWW (P = 0.01). A significant decrease in sperm viability was registered at 3 and 22 h of incubation (P less than 0.002) in all media. These results demonstrate that both H-BWW and FF stimulate the acrosome reaction while survival is optimal in the latter. PMID- 3215702 TI - A modification of testicular biopsy reporting. AB - A modified method has been devised which enables the pathologist to evaluate more efficiently the seminiferous tubules and to present a more detailed histological report on testicular biopsies in patients investigated for infertility. This basically involves the production of a diagrammatic representation of the actual biopsy onto a specifically designed reporting form: a detachable prismatic arm attached to an ordinary light microscope enables the pathologist to transfer an actual outline of each of the seminiferous tubules contained in the biopsy onto this form. The seminiferous epithelium and Leydig cells are scored using the method of Johnsen. This method was evaluated using 20 consecutive biopsies. Skill in its usage was quickly acquired and it has been found to be a more clinically acceptable way of histopathological reporting, further facilitating standardization and inter-laboratory comparison. PMID- 3215703 TI - Restricted lesions after testicular biopsies in young and adult rats. AB - In order to evaluate the possible harmful effects of surgical removal of a testicular biopsy, adult and immature rats were subjected to unilateral testicular biopsy and were studied 2-4 months later. One group of adult rats were sham-operated. Perfusion-fixed, plastic-embedded specimens of the testes were examined by light microscopy. No morphological differences were found between rats that were immature and those that were adult at the time of biopsy. The lesions observed were focal and occurred only in the vicinity of the site of biopsy. Only about 0.5% (range 0.01-4.5) of the testis was affected. No morphological signs of any immune reaction were observed. It is suggested that the lesions are caused mainly by interference with local blood flow, and to a minor extent by disruption of the flow of seminiferous tubule fluid. PMID- 3215705 TI - The effectiveness of an authoritative versus permissive style of hypnotic communication. PMID- 3215704 TI - The effect of gossypol acetic acid on the different stages of the spermatogenic cycle in the rat. AB - The reversibility of the effect of gossypol on testicular histology and fertility was studied in rats. Adult males of proven fertility were treated orally with gossypol acetic acid (15 mg/kg) for 9 or 16 weeks (groups 1 and 2, respectively). Another groups of animals (group 3) was given gossypol (15 mg/kg) for 16 weeks and killed 6 weeks after the end of treatment. Control animals (group 4) were given the vehicle only by oral intubation. In the mating studies, although only 33% of the animals in group 1 were infertile, 100% infertility was observed following 16 weeks of gossypol treatment (group 2). All animals in group 3 regained their fertility 6 weeks after cessation of drug treatment. Damage was observed to 15.7% of the seminiferous tubules after 9 weeks of drug treatment, and to 78% after 16 weeks of treatment. Extensive vacuolization, increased numbers of lipid droplets, degeneration of germ cells, loosening of the epithelium, and a significant decrease in the number of pachytene spermatocytes (stages VII-X) and spermatids (steps 7-10 at stages VII-X) were observed after gossypol treatment. There was a decrease in the diameter of only stage VIII seminiferous tubules after 9 weeks of treatment, whereas a reduction was observed in the tubules of all stages after 16 weeks of gossypol treatment. In the recovery phase, the diameter of seminiferous tubules was similar to that of controls, except for tubules at stage VIII. No change in the area of the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and lipid bodies was observed after 9 weeks of drug treatment, but a marked reduction in the area of the lumen (stages II-X) and an increase in lipid bodies (all stages) was observed after 16 weeks of gossypol treatment. Six weeks after cessation of treatment, the area of the lumen and the number of lipid bodies were comparable to values in controls. A reduction in the area of the epithelium was restricted to just a few stages (VIII-XIV) in treated animals at 9 weeks, whereas after 16 weeks the area of the epithelium was decreased in all tubules. In the recovery phase, except for tubules at stage VIII, the area of the seminiferous epithelium was comparable to that in controls. PMID- 3215706 TI - Literalness: an unsuggested (spontaneous) item of hypnotic behavior? PMID- 3215707 TI - Twenty years of scientific hypnosis in dentistry, medicine, and psychology: a brief communication. PMID- 3215708 TI - Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 39th annual workshop and scientific meeting. Asheville, North Carolina, U.S.A. Abstracts. PMID- 3215709 TI - Increase in the number and the phagocytic function of guinea pig pulmonary and peritoneal macrophages following oral administration of RU 41740, a glycoprotein extract from Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - RU 41740 (Biostim) which is a purified glycoprotein extract from Klebsiella pneumoniae, is an orally active non-specific immunostimulant. In guinea pigs, 8 days after a 7 days oral administration of RU 41740 (10 or 100 mg/kg/day), an increase in the cell population of the pulmonary and peritoneal cavities was observed, especially in that of the macrophages. RU 41740 also enhanced the phagocytic activity of both the alveolar and peritoneal macrophages, when their chemotactic activity was not significantly modified. This increase in the number of pulmonary macrophages and the stimulation of their phagocytic function might explain the protective effect afforded by the oral administration of Biostim against respiratory infections in patients with chronic bronchitis. PMID- 3215711 TI - Structural requirements for hydantoins and 2-thiohydantoins to induce lymphoproliferative popliteal lymph node reactions in the mouse. AB - The ability of a large number of hydantoins and 2-thiohydantoins to induce primary local lymphoproliferative popliteal lymph node (PLN) reactions has been investigated, as judged by PLN weight enlargement, in an attempt to evaluate the discriminating potential of the PLN reaction to low mol. wt chemicals and to establish structure-activity relationships. Among a series of nineteen hydantoins and related compounds only 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin), its major metabolite 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, 5,5-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin and N-(5-nitro-2-furfurylidene)-1-aminohydantoin (nitro-furantoin) elicited marked PLN reactions in C57BL/6J mice. In DBA/2 mice, PLN responses to the aforementioned compounds were considerably less or virtually absent. A number of hydantoin derivatives and related compounds with one phenyl group and/or other substituents at the 1,3 or 5 position induced only slightly elevated or suppressed PLN responses in C57BL/6J mice. The influence of polar, and lipophilic aliphatic and aromatic substituents at the 5 position were compared among a series of 22 3-methyl-2-thiohydantoin as well as 21 3-phenyl-2-thiohydantoin amino acid derivatives for their ability to elicit primary PLN reactions in C57BL/6J mice. Substitution with only one aromatic group at the 5 position seemed to be necessary to induce PLN enlargements to 2-thiohydantoins already substituted at the 3 position with a methyl group or even more pronounced when substituted with a phenyl group. p-Hydroxylation of 5-benzyl-3-phenyl-2 thiohydantoin significantly diminished the PLN response. In contrast, p hydroxylation of one of two phenyl groups as in 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5 phenylhydantoin had little effect on lymphoproliferative PLN reactions. The presence of a hydroxyl group in a non-aromatic cyclic substituent as in hexahydro 6-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-thioxo-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-1- one had no effect on the PLN reaction. A series of aliphatic substituents in the 5 position of 2 thiohydantoins showed that the number of carbon atoms of the substituents as well as the position of side chains in the isomer, rather than the methyl or phenyl group in the 3 position of the 2-thiohydantoin molecule, determined the strength of the PLN enlargement. It is concluded that the PLN weight increase assay appears to be able to discriminate between subtle chemical differences as studied with a large series of hydantoin and 2-thiohydantoin derivatives. The PLN assay may therefore be useful as a preliminary short-term screening method for identification of (classes of) compounds able to induce lymphoproliferative reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3215710 TI - Macrolidic antibiotics: effects on primary in vitro antibody responses. AB - The effect of two macrolidic antibiotics, josamycin and erythromycin, on the primary immune response in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), were studied using a soft agar hemolytic plaque assay. Both compounds induced an appreciable reduction in the primary antibody response in total PBMC cultures. The removal of plastic-adherent cells, however, profoundly modified the effect of macrolides on the immune response. Both josamycin and, to a lesser extent, erythromycin enhanced, rather than suppressed, the antibody response. Furthermore, the macrolide-induced immunodepression in cultures of total PBMC was completely reversed by the addition of catalase (8000 U/ml). Taken together, these findings suggest that the macrolide-induced depression of the antibody response depends upon the presence of adherent monocytic cells and is mediated by the production of hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 3215712 TI - Differences in attitudes toward patients among medical specialties. AB - In a prior study a questionnaire was developed which reliably measured a variety of physicians' attitudes toward patients. In the present study we have used this questionnaire to compare the attitudes of physicians specializing in Internal Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics and Psychiatry with one another and with a group of medical students. One way analyses of variance yielded highly significant differences (p less than .001) among these groups on the "Nurturant-Empathic" attitudinal dimension, as well as on the "Psychodynamic" and "Moral Weakness" Etiology Scales. Significance and ramifications of these findings are discussed in terms of the impact of these attitudes on treatment approach, clinical decision-making, and quality and comprehensiveness of patient care. Further, these findings suggest that a variety of education and training approaches could be advantageously utilized to integrate and upgrade the care of patients by the different medical specialties. PMID- 3215713 TI - Antidepressant side effects in the medically ill: the value of psychiatric consultation. AB - In this study we evaluated the side effects of antidepressant use in medically ill patients. The authors evaluated fifty-one general hospital inpatients who were later prescribed antidepressant medications by their primary care physicians. These patients' medical records were reviewed one year later for evidence of serious complications. The overall complication rate was 43 percent. When the psychiatrist recommended antidepressant therapy, there was a 30 percent incidence of major complications. When the psychiatrist did not recommend antidepressants, but the patient was treated anyway, the incidence of treatment limiting side effects was 67 percent. These results suggest that psychiatrists can predict which medically ill patients are at risk for complications. Since most antidepressants are prescribed by non-psychiatrists, an important role for consultants is to identify those patients at high risk for significant complications. PMID- 3215714 TI - The correlates of hypochondriasis in depressed patients. AB - Of 100 inpatients with depressive illness, fifty-three had evidence of depressed mood prior to their hypochondriacal symptoms, sixteen had the opposite sequence of development and thirty-one had no hypochondriacal symptoms. Comparisons of the three groups revealed some differences that would suggest a less severe depressed mood in association with hypochondriacal symptoms. Whether hypochondriasis preceded or followed depressed mood did not make any other difference to the total clinical picture. This should not be taken to imply that treatment and prognosis are the same in hypochondriacal and nonhypochondriacal depressions. PMID- 3215715 TI - The diagnostic dilemma of myxedema and madness, axis I and axis II: a longitudinal case report. AB - A patient with presumed chronic paranoid schizophrenia had chronic thyroiditis and Grade I hypothyroidism. Psychosis cleared following treatment with thyroid replacement. The probable presence of two axis II disorders may have contributed to the missed medical diagnosis and the patient's eventual suicide. The personality disorders were a major problem in the patient's medical and psychiatric care. The differential diagnosis among hypothyroidism and primary axis I psychotic and depressive psychopathology has always been problematic. When axis II pathology is also present, the diagnostic dilemma is increased. PMID- 3215716 TI - Quality of life following treatment: a preliminary study of in- and outpatients with chronic pain. AB - Using a combination of standardized and Likert-type measures of health, disability, and psychological adjustment, this study compared the quality of life reported by thirty-seven inpatients and thirty-six outpatients approximately eight months after completing treatment. While both patient groups reported treatment-related changes, inpatients were significantly more dysfunctional than outpatients both before and after treatment. The pattern of perceived improvement among inpatients reflected particular changes in narcotic use and in "up" time. For outpatients, the pattern of change pointed to increased periods of activity. The data are interpreted to reflect the need for treatments that are tailored to meet the differing levels of dysfunction of patients who present with chronic pain syndromes. Methodological problems of this and other clinical studies that compare treatment effects on patients demonstrating different levels of dysfunction are discussed. PMID- 3215717 TI - Medication-associated depression: a two and one-half year follow-up of a community sample. AB - A community sample of forty subjects (of a total of 50) were followed up an average of two and one-half years after a SADS/RDC diagnosis of depression. The group was composed of twenty-one subjects whose depressions were judged to be associated with a medical illness or medication use and nineteen without this association. There was no difference in outcome as measured by persistence or recurrence of depression when groups were defined by associated medical illness. There was a significant difference when groups were defined by association with medication use. Of the nine subjects whose depressions were associated with medication, six were still depressed at follow-up; all six had continued to use implicated "depressogenic" medications. The three who were not depressed at follow-up were no longer using the originally implicated medications. The use of depressogenic medication appears to influence the course and/or duration of depression and must be accounted for in epidemiological studies and clinical practices. PMID- 3215718 TI - Aspects of the analysis of a neurotic patient. AB - An account is given of the analysis of a 32-year-old woman who had fears of pregnancy and childbirth. The case report describes the technical approach taken in the analysis of a neurotic patient. The analysis of this patient illustrates the view that the same unconscious fantasies and internal object relationships lie behind the patient's symptoms, character traits and relationships, and can be discerned in the transference. PMID- 3215719 TI - Transference, language, and affect in the treatment of bulimarexia. AB - Bulimarexic patients in analysis seem to defend against the transference. For them, defending against the transference is the transference. They believe that the analyst does not intend to listen to them. They do not believe in the communicative function of words. Their words are used as weapons to attack the analyst, or as a decoy to avoid self-revelation. They treat the analyst's words with sarcasm and disbelief while fearing the penetrating power of his/her words. This description suggests a disturbance of the communicative function of language. This paper explores the probable genetic and dynamic sources of this disturbance. The clinical evidence suggests a disturbance of the wish to communicate at the oral and anal stages. The patient's language develops normally at the level of linguistic competence. It fails, however, to connect with the affective components of the sense of self and therefore interferes with the verbalization of subjective experience. PMID- 3215721 TI - The dream as religion of the mind. AB - Dreams are defined as a religion of the mind in the sense that they can re-ligare -i.e. unite in a complex relationship--the components involved in the construction of the mind and its representation. The paper discusses the processes of splitting and projective identification which are manifested in dreams and appear to be essential for the transformation of emotional experiences, the acquisition of knowledge and mental growth. On the basis of clinical findings, a revision of Freud's theory of dreams is proposed: the concept of an internal world dominated by good and bad parent figures suggests a theological function for dreams connected with a state of necessity. Dreams represent a real experience which, in analysis, becomes a representation of the internal organization in its immediate present. For this reason, work on dreams makes it possible to acquire knowledge of one's internal objects and of their relationship with the Self. The work on the internal world offered by dreams is made possible by the recovery of memory, the agency responsible for a fusion between current reality and that of infancy as reactivated in the transference. Finally, some aspects of the processes active in dreams are discussed, which make them similar to poetic texts. PMID- 3215720 TI - Pruritus ani. AB - Although the importance of the anal zone is well known in psychoanalysis, pruritus ani has not been studied recently in the psychoanalytic literature. This paper is presented to show how bisexuality in a male patient has been analysed through pruritus ani as the main presenting symptom. After giving the case history of Fernand, pruritus ani is analysed from three main points of view: phallic, anal and oral. This is done to illustrate the connexions of the psychopathological material at the three stages and their expression through one symptom of the 'instincts and their vicissitudes'. Finally, the importance of the anal stage and its symptomatology as an attempt to diminish the affective charge brought up in the individual by the oral and phallic conflicts is discussed briefly. PMID- 3215722 TI - Matte Blanco and skelton: systems of logic and logic of systems. AB - In the light of recent debate regarding the conceptual integrity of Matte Blanco's bi-logical account of the unconscious, a related issue arises concerning how the logical systems are organized. The present article suggests one means by which this may be achieved while still retaining the heuristic value of Matte Blanco's systems. PMID- 3215723 TI - Some clinical applications of the distinction between divergent and convergent conflicts. AB - The concept of two kinds of mental conflicts, convergent and divergent, is applied to an important aspect of the therapeutic action of psychoanalysis: the way in which the relationship between pre-oedipal and oedipal components of neurosis is dealt with. The concepts of convergent and divergent conflicts and their relationship to an operational formulation of the psychoanalytic procedure, the method of free association, are presented briefly. The two-conflict model obviates the need either to abandon the concept of conflict or to assign an early developmental origin prematurely to some of the patient's problems. Awareness of the two kinds of conflicts, with their different forms of opposition, resistances, patterns of resolution, and kinds of insight, permits the analyst to maintain a consistent focus on interpretation and mastery of resistance as the first aim of analytic work. These concepts are illustrated in an extensive case example from an analysis. A consideration of manifest bisexuality and its analytic treatment as an example of an additional kind of clinical situation- problems of choice--concludes the paper. PMID- 3215724 TI - Parkinson's disease: an autoimmune process. AB - Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common condition that, in the majority of cases, is idiopathic in origin. The loss of central dopaminergic pathways is well-known and in this paper a theory is presented that this is brought about by an autoimmune process. The lack of any HLA association or familial clumping for the disease does not exclude such a theory, as a common etiological agent may exist that we do not yet recognize, e.g., infection, or drugs. Several autoantibodies and disturbances in T-cell function have been found in PD. The theory proposes that the production of autoantibodies and T-cell activation are important in the pathogenesis of idiopathic PD by an action on the substance P striatonigral pathway and its input to the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. The autoimmune destruction of the substance P input leads to a secondary loss of the dopaminergic system and hence PD. PMID- 3215725 TI - Clomiphene citrate in Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3215726 TI - Naltrexone suppresses abnormal sexual behavior in Tourette's syndrome. AB - Abnormal sexual behavior occurs in 30-40% of patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS). Two patients with TS who exhibited distressing abnormal sexual behavior experienced amelioration of symptoms with administration of the oral opiate receptor antagonist naltrexone (TrexanR). Conventional anti-TS drugs including haloperidol and clonidine were ineffective. Abnormal sexual behavior may be another feature of the disease responding to opiate blockers. PMID- 3215727 TI - Interictal temporal lobe epileptiform discharges and their relationship to secondarily generalized epilepsy. AB - In a previous study of epileptic phenomena in 19 patients with partial complex seizures, it was noted that seizures of left temporal lobe origin had a higher incidence of secondary generalization. To evaluate this observation further, we retrospectively reviewed reports of EEGs for evidence of focal interictal epileptiform discharges (FIED) of temporal lobe origin and correlated this finding with seizure type. Of 3,276 EEG reports reviewed, 195 showed FIED. The medical records of these patients were reviewed and 79 had sufficient information therein to enable seizure classification. Of 79 patients, 61 had secondary generalized seizures, 45 with left temporal FIED, 16 with right FIED. Of 79 patients, 18 had partial seizures, 13 with right temporal FIED, 5 with left FIED (p less than 0.001). These findings suggest that seizures of left temporal lobe origin may have a higher incidence of secondary generalization. The significance of this observation and its relevance to medical and surgical treatment of complex partial seizures is discussed. PMID- 3215728 TI - Effect of different factors on EEG spectral parameters. AB - We had previously observed that in groups of children with low socioeconomic and cultural level the EEG spectral parameters did not correlate with age due to the great variance in the distribution of such EEG parameters. In this paper we have made several statistical analyses in order to look for other factors that may explain the great variance observed. EEG during rest was recorded in 14 monopolar leads from 119 children. After FFT the following measures were calculated: absolute power, relative power, dominant frequency, coherence and left power/right power ratio for the delta, theta, alpha and beta bands in each derivation. For each measure, in each derivation, ANOVA analyses were performed taking age as covariable and sex, presence or absence of antecedents of risk factors and of learning disorders (LD) as independent variables. Age had its main effect on absolute power in the different bands and in the dominant frequency in the alpha band. Sex affected absolute and relative power in the alpha band. Risk factors per se had no effect. Presence of LD showed its main effect on absolute power. Many interactions between risk and LD and sex and LD were observed. Other analyses, such as MANCOVA, corroborated these results: significant differences between girls and boys, significant differences between children with and without LD and no differences between children with and without antecedents of risk factors. PMID- 3215729 TI - Torque and cerebral lateralization: a questionable link. AB - Past research has suggested that torque (the tendency to draw circles in a clockwise direction) may be indicative of less cerebral lateralization. This notion is based on the finding that left-handers demonstrate a greater incidence of torque than right-handers. The present study attempted to investigate this relationship using both conjugate lateral eye movements (CLEM) and handedness as indices of cerebral lateralization. Subjects were 40 male and 40 female right handed and 16 male and 16 female nonright-handed university students. Consistent with past studies, torque was significantly related to handedness, with nonright handers demonstrating a greater incidence of torque. However, no relationship between torque and CLEM was found. On the basis of these findings, it is argued that the observed relationship between torque and handedness may be due more to muscle mechanics of the hands rather than any relationship with cerebral lateralization. PMID- 3215730 TI - Test-retest reliability of the Reitan-Indiana Neuropsychological Test Battery for Children Aged 5 Through 8. AB - The present study attempted to assess the test-retest reliability of the Reitan Indiana Neuropsychological Test Battery for Children aged 5 through 8 and to establish the magnitude of practice effects for a normal sample of school aged children. The sample population included 191 kindergarten and 193 second grade students who were administered the entire Reitan-Indiana Battery during the first year of the study and again at one year follow-up. Correlation analyses of random half samples of the population revealed 35 of the 39 test indices measured were stable for at least one of the half samples for the younger (kindergarten-first grade) sample with the same being true for 31 of the 39 variables assessed for the older (second-third grade) sample. PMID- 3215731 TI - Assessment of the effects of analgesic concentrations of nitrous oxide on human sexual response. AB - The euphorogenic and sexual effects of analgesic nitrous oxide have been long reported anecdotally; however, these effects have only recently been investigated scientifically. The effects of oxygen and analgesic nitrous oxide on sexual arousal provoked by visual erotic stimulation in male (n = 7) and female (n = 6) subjects, using both subjective and objective measures were assessed. Nitrous oxide had a depressant effect on objective measures of arousal in most subjects. It was also found that 7 of the 13 subjects were incongruent in that their subjective assessment of the gas which produced the most arousal differed from the one that caused most arousal as measured objectively. These findings are discussed in terms of the effect of nitrous oxide on the endogenous opioid system and the suggestion is made that the gas may prove useful as an investigatory tool of sexual function. This applies particularly in terms of the findings of this study that nitrous oxide, as with other opioids, may not only have central but also peripheral opioid effects, which may operate in opposing directions. PMID- 3215732 TI - Analysis of the time distribution and time sequence of behavioral acts. AB - A technique for analyzing the temporal structure between various initiations of a particular behavioral act has been developed using a parameter known as the K function, the cornerstone of recent statistical research on spatial point processes and patterns. The technique has been extended to the study of the joint relationship of separate acts. Bootstrap methods are used to estimate the uncertainty in these measures. The usefulness of these techniques is demonstrated using data from studies of rats exposed to phenytoin and nitrous oxide. PMID- 3215733 TI - Effects of daytime noise load on the sleep-wake cycle and endocrine patterns in man. III. 24 hours secretion of free and sulfate conjugated catecholamines. AB - This study was designed to re-examine the circadian profiles of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline in the plasma and to investigate the influence of daytime noise stress on these profiles. Twelve subjects participated in two experimental series of 60 h; during one they were exposed to 85 dB(A) industrial noise from 9:00 to 21:00 h. Blood samples were taken for a period of 24 h at 20 min intervals and the plasma levels of the free and the sulfoconjugated catecholaminergic compounds were simultaneously measured. A significant (p less than 0.001) circadian rhythm was found for free noradrenaline, free adrenaline and conjugated dopamine. Noise stress significantly increased (p less than 0.001) free adrenaline levels during the first 6 h of exposure and lowered (p less than 0.001) free noradrenaline values during the whole time of exposure; dopamine did not respond. It was concluded that strong noise load has effects on the sympatho adrenomedullary system but the actual release pattern of each catecholaminergic metabolite is controlled by separate determinants. PMID- 3215734 TI - Simultaneous and successive processes in achievement for learning disabled children. AB - The relationship between simultaneous and successive dimensions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and achievement areas of the Wide Range Achievement Test were examined by means of separate multiple correlations. The results of these analyses showed that each WRAT subtest produced a significant relationship with both processing modes. Although the magnitude of the relationship was similar for simultaneous and successive dimensions, a more consistent WRAT contribution was found for successive processing. A canonical correlation was utilized to consider the relationship between simultaneous and successive processing and achievement subtests in a single analysis. One significant correlation emerged from this procedure, Rc = 0.45. Further analysis indicated that some 8% of the variance in processing dimensions was redundant with 44% of the variance in achievement. Unlike prior findings with mentally retarded children, the present results indicated that simultaneous-successive dimensions accounted for little variance in classroom achievement. PMID- 3215735 TI - Validity of the Luria-Nebraska language scales in aphasia. AB - The language scales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) were administered to patients classified as either Broca's (n = 7) or Wernicke's (n = 7) aphasics. Group comparisons were made on the standard scales (e.g., Receptive Speech, Expressive Speech, Reading & Writing) and on 13 factor-analytically derived subscales (McKay & Golden, 1981). Results indicated that the standard T score profile failed to discriminate the distinctively different language syndromes. Only two of the 13 factor scales differentiated the groups. Although Wernicke's patients were more impaired than Broca's patients on factor analytically derived measures of basic language comprehension, it was concluded that the subscales added little to the standard profile in terms of aphasia syndrome identification. Distinctively different profiles of impaired and retained language abilities did not emerge on the LNNB factor scales. The battery cannot be recommended for use with aphasic patients. PMID- 3215736 TI - Posed facial emotional expression in brain-damaged patients. AB - Posed emotional facial expression was examined in brain-damaged adults with right (RBD) or left (LBD) hemisphere cerebrovascular lesions and in matched normal controls (NC). Subjects were videotaped while posing eight facial expressions (positive and negative) under two elicitation conditions (verbal command and visual imitation). Expressions were rated by four naive judges for intensity, category accuracy, and valence accuracy. RBDs were significantly more impaired than LBDs or NCs on category and valence accuracy, while LBDs posed expressions with significantly more intensity than RBDs or NCs. These findings held for positive emotions only. The results for category accuracy replicate an earlier report (Borod et al., 1986) which utilized a different rating procedure. Finally, expressions posed to visual imitation were rated as more intense and more accurate than those posed to verbal command. PMID- 3215737 TI - Visual and auditory affect recognition in senile and normal elderly persons. AB - Senile patients were compared to normal elderly people for visual and auditory affect recognition. The study consisted of eight conditions, with the subjects prompted verbally to point to happy, sad and angry pictures in the first five. The pictures consisted of expressive faces, expressive postures with blank faces and matching facial and postural expressions in Conditions 1-3, respectively. The facial and postural expressions conflicted in Conditions 4 and 5, with the facial expressions redundant in Condition 4 and the postures redundant in Condition 5. Conditions 6 and 7 were the same as the first two, except that the subjects were prompted by use of taped, affective voice intonations. In Condition 8, the subjects were requested to identify each of the affectively intoned prompts. The findings revealed a consistent level difference between the groups, with the senile elderly demonstrating both visual and auditory affective agnosia. These impairments in emotional recognition were affect-specific and they tended to confound one another. Finally, there was a subgroup of normals that was somewhat deficient in visual and auditory affect recognition. PMID- 3215739 TI - Mixed dentition occlusion in 3 ethnic groups. PMID- 3215738 TI - Preventing adverse effects on the temporomandibular joint through orthodontic treatment. PMID- 3215740 TI - Retention and relapse. PMID- 3215741 TI - Iatrogenic esophagitis. PMID- 3215743 TI - Pensions and black monday. PMID- 3215742 TI - Fountains of life. PMID- 3215744 TI - Delivery of prevention services: a policy statement. PMID- 3215745 TI - A prospective clinical and epidemiological study of head injuries in northern Italy: the Comune of Ravenna. AB - An analysis of all the head injuries occurring during one year within a well defined geographical area was conducted in the region served by the Ravenna City Hospital in Northern Italy. This hospital does not have a neurosurgical service, so that patients suspected of having neurosurgical problems are transferred to the neurosurgical unit in Bologna, a distance of 65 Km (40 mi.). Of the 1468 head injured patients seen in the emergency room, 644 (44%) were hospitalized, with an incidence of 372/10(5) pop/year) and were subjected to X-ray study of the skull (83%), EEG (64%), and CT scan (7.5%). 9 patients were transferred to the neurosurgical unit as emergencies on a clinical basis only, all were found to harbor cerebral lesions, and 7 were operated on. Of the patients hospitalized and subjected to CT scan in Ravenna, only one (0.17%) was found to have a lesion necessitating surgery. Mortality was 7.2% with 83% of these patients dying before admission. Three-month follow-up examination revealed the persistence of some symptoms in 20% of the 379 patients examined, but 91% had already returned to their previous occupation. Analysis of the risk factors present in the patients admitted to a non-specialized hospital seems to show that the presence of skull fracture, abnormal EEG, and alteration of the clinical condition constitute the indications for a CT scan, in order to detect the presence of intracranial lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215746 TI - Ataxic hemiparesis syndrome: sensory disturbances and somatosensory evoked potentials. AB - 26 patients with ataxic hemiparesis syndrome (AHS), due to acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, have been submitted to clinical and electrophysiological evaluation, in order to assess the frequency of sensory disturbances in this condition. Sensory impairment were present in 78% and SEP abnormalities in 54% of the patients, while they were entirely absent in 23% of them. Lesions responsible for AHS, detected by CT scan, were mainly located in the thalamus, capsula interna, subcortical white matter, centro parietal cortex; sensory and SEP changes were more frequent in gross infarct involving the cortex and in smaller infarcts involving the thalamus, less frequent in the lacunar infarcts of the capsula interna and subcortical white matter, relatively rare in patients with CT scan without hypodense lesions. Although a statokinesthesic defect and/or major SEP abnormalities were often present (38% of patients), our findings do not support the view that they are involved in the pathogenesis of the ataxia, which may rather be attributed to a derangement of cerebro-cerebellar and cerebello cerebral connections. PMID- 3215747 TI - Ischemic cardiopathy and other heart disorders: differences in risk of cerebrovascular disease and in its association with carotid obstruction. AB - A series of 1003 patients examined by cervical Doppler is reviewed, stressing differences between ischemic cardiopathies and other heart diseases as to the risk of carotid cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and its pathogenesis. The authors find that in ischemic heart disease the risk of stroke is almost entirely linked to severe carotid obstruction; in other cardiac disorders (rheumatic valvulopathies, arrhythmias etc.) this risk is independent from arterial damage, and the risk subsequent to an associated carotid stenosis does not differ from that of the general population. PMID- 3215748 TI - Growth hormone evaluation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Growth hormone (GH) release with pharmacological tests and sleep test, somatomedin C and auxological features were studied in 10 patients affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. GH release in these patients seems to be lower than normal; moreover some of them are of short stature without an evident relationship with GH deficit. The possible significance of the data obtained is discussed, particularly in relation to the clinical course of the disease, and to current therapeutic trials with a GH release inhibitor (mazindol). PMID- 3215749 TI - Tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective survey of 22 cases. AB - Clinical and biological findings likely to constitute prognostic factors were analyzed in a retrospective survey of 22 cases of tuberculous meningitis. In particular, associations between clinical and biological findings (clinical grade on admission, normal and abnormal CSF protein and glucose values) and outcome of illness were sought. On admission 16 patients had altered consciousness, 11 hemiparesis and 7 sixth cranial nerve paresis. Meningeal signs were present in all subjects. 7 had a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 9 patients recovered completely, 7 had serious late sequelae, 6 died. Prognosis appeared to be correlated to neurological status at admission. PMID- 3215751 TI - Anomalous intrinsic hand muscle innervation in median and ulnar nerve lesions: an electrophysiological study. AB - A case with a median nerve lesion at the wrist without thenar atrophy and another with an ulnar nerve lesion at the elbow sparing the first dorsal interosseous are reported. Simultaneous multiple channel recording demonstrated in the first case a dual innervation of the abductor pollicis brevis by median and ulnar fibers via a Martin-Gruber anastomosis. In the second case, the cross over of the median fibers innervating the first dorsal interosseous was very proximal in the antecubital fossa. Stimulation at discrete points documented that the communicating fibers from the median joined the ulnar nerve 3 cm below the medial epicondyle. PMID- 3215750 TI - Congenital muscular dystrophy and cerebellar vermis agenesis in two brothers. AB - Two brothers with motor retardation since the first months of life presented waddling ataxic-gait with lumbar lordosis, joint contractures and generalized muscle weakness. Both presented altered cerebellar tests and scanning speech. Creatine kinase, electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy pointed to muscular disease while CT scanning and NMR imaging showed cerebellar vermis agenesis. On this evidence we diagnosed the unusual association of vermian agenesis and congenital muscular dystrophy. PMID- 3215752 TI - Optic nerve hypoplasia associated with pupillary light-near dissociation, spastic paraparesis and other non-ocular anomalies. AB - We report a case of bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia in a patient with pupillary light-near dissociation, spastic paraparesis with deep hyperreflexia, mild distal hypotrophy especially of lower limbs, bilateral pes cavus and signs of motor peripheral neuropathy. Other associated signs were rhinolalia, hypotrophy and fasciculations of the tongue and cardiomyopathy. We differentiate the condition from a number of hereditary ataxias and paraplegias. The clinical features of Strumpell-Lorrain spastic paraplegia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis seem to resemble most closely that of our patient. PMID- 3215754 TI - Control of waterborne disease is still on the public health agenda. PMID- 3215753 TI - Lacunar infarction in a puerpera with mitral valve prolapse. AB - We report the case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with pure motor hemiparesis due to a deep hemispheric infarction after delivery of twins followed by marked blood loss and anemia. Echocardiography revealed mitral valve prolapse, which was regarded as the main determinant of her stroke, since detailed clinical and instrumental evaluation disclosed no other apparent causes. Careful analysis of predisposing factors is warranted in lacunar strokes, particularly if they occur in young patients. PMID- 3215755 TI - An outbreak of typhoid fever due to contamination of the municipal water supply in northern Israel. AB - An outbreak of typhoid fever followed a large outbreak of dysentery in northern Israel. Both outbreaks resulted from contamination of a drilled well that supplied water to the municipal water system. The well was contaminated with sewage from a broken main-pipe coming from Shefaram (an Arab town). The outbreak of typhoid involved 77 persons, of whom 75 were hospitalized. In 67, phage-type C1 (the phage type dominant in Shefaram since the 1950s) was isolated. The incubation period was relatively long, between 12 and 40 days (median 22) following exposure. Over 50% of the cases were children aged 0 to 14, and only two patients were older than 35 years; the sex ratio among the patients was 1:1. The incidence rate in Shefaram was 2.3 times higher than in the Krayot (outlying suburbs of Haifa). This difference was due mainly to the high incidence in young females in Shefaram. The opposite was observed during the outbreak of dysentery, when the attack rates of the disease were higher in the Krayot. Relapses occurred in 12% (9 cases). This outbreak demonstrates the potential that still exists for serious outbreaks due to contamination of the municipal water supply. PMID- 3215756 TI - Waterborne enteric disease outbreaks in Israel, 1976-1985. AB - Waterborne enteric disease remains a major public health problem in developing countries, as well as in developed countries, such that the World Health Organization declared 1981-90 the International Water Decade. Israeli experience with waterborne disease outbreaks in the decade 1976-85 is reviewed. Community water systems accounted for 52 outbreaks, with 25 occurring between 1976 and 1980 and 27 between 1981 and 1985. Total cases reported in these outbreaks were 7,681 and 10,880 respectively. In the latter period, reported cases resulting from these outbreaks constituted a very high percentage of the total reported cases of diarrheal disease in the country. The waterborne disease outbreaks were mostly due to secondary contamination of water systems due to human error and poor maintenance. In comparison with the United States, Israel experienced 18.7 times as many community waterborne disease outbreaks per capita. The need for routine preventive chlorination, and filtration on a selective basis, of community drinking water systems is strongly indicated, as recommended in current United States and World Health Organization guidelines in order to improve this grossly substandard aspect of Israeli public health. PMID- 3215757 TI - Microbiologic drinking water quality in Israel: standards, monitoring, and treatment. AB - Drinking water quality depends on standards, monitoring and treatment. Israel's microbiologic water standards are less stringent than those currently recommended internationally, and have focused primarily on bacteriologic levels. Compliance with routine monitoring requirements averaged 86% in 1985-86. However, compliance with retesting of contaminated samples averaged 49% in 1985-86. Compliance with treatment recommendations of district sanitary engineers has also been poor. Poor water quality continues to be a public health problem in Israel, and has contributed to a relatively high incidence of waterborne disease. Current international guidelines recommend filtration and chlorination, particularly for surface water and other contaminated sources. Israel should make this a major public health priority. PMID- 3215758 TI - Stage III-IV epithelial carcinoma of the ovary: is the second-look operation of any value for the patient? AB - A second-look operation (SLO) was performed in 18 of 24 patients operated for Stage III-IV epithelial carcinoma of the ovary in order to assess the effect of chemotherapy and to decide if further treatment, such as radiation therapy, was indicated. All patients had postoperative combination chemotherapy: either with PA [Platinol (Bristol, UK) and adriamycin] or with CHAD (cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, adriamycin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum). In 7 of 18 (39%) patients who had SLO following chemotherapy, macroscopic tumor was present; in 7 (39%) patients, microscopic residual or recurrent disease was found, as proven by histological examination of the biopsies taken during the operation. Only in four patients (29.7%) was the SLO negative. Of these patients, three had recurrent disease after 3,6 and 7 months postoperatively. These findings indicate that the SLO was noncontributory to the management of the patients. The role of the SLO commonly used in most current treatment protocols of patients with Stage III-IV epithelial carcinoma of the ovary is questionable and requires further evaluation. PMID- 3215759 TI - Tracking of blood pressure in children: results of 7 years' follow-up. The Nahariya Study. AB - Four hundred and seventy-five school children initially aged 7, 8 and 9 years were examined for blood pressure and risk factors at intervals over a period of 7 years (1978, 1980 and 1985). A significant correlation between successive blood pressure measurements was found after 2 years of follow-up for systolic blood pressure, with tracking coefficients of 0.16 for boys and 0.22 for girls. A similar correlation was found after 7 years, with correlations of 0.16 and 0.26, respectively. For diastolic blood pressure the correlations were 0.15 and 0.18 after 7 years. Children greater than 7 years old were more likely to be above the 90th percentile, with increasing percentiles found in the initial examination. A significant correlation was found between the initial weight, as recorded in the first examination, and the blood pressure percentiles in all three measurements. The correlation coefficient values increased progressively in the successive examinations--0.11, 0.23 and 0.25, respectively, for systolic pressure, and 0.10, 0.14 and 0.19, respectively, for diastolic pressure. There was significant correlation between the initial body mass index and the blood pressure levels in the last examination. Thus, both initial blood pressure levels and body mass appear to be valid predictors of future blood pressure levels. PMID- 3215760 TI - Comparison of early neonatal behavior in two Israeli ethnic groups. AB - A review of the literature on differences between Israeli children born to parents of North African and of European descent revealed only a few studies concerning child development. Two trends emerged: a) these developmental differences seemed to resolve gradually over time; and b) there appeared to be an early general developmental precocity in the infants of North African descent, while in later childhood, European children generally performed better in all developmental areas. The present study compared the early behavior of 40 second generation Israeli neonates from these two ethnic groups. The results indicated a few statistically significant behavioral differences between the groups, all in favor of the North African group. The auditory habituation item was dependent on maternal education, a result which may be attributed to genetic and/or intrauterine environmental factors fostering the development of a protective mechanism in a potentially over-stimulatory future environment. The small-scale differences between the neonates of the two ethnic groups may represent the already documented tendency and gradual resolution of interethnic variations and the early North African precocity during infancy. PMID- 3215762 TI - Gunshot wound of the thigh presenting as a massive hemorrhage to the scrotum. PMID- 3215761 TI - Fatal relapsing viral hepatitis A infection during pregnancy. PMID- 3215764 TI - [Swiss Society of Surgery. 74th annual meeting. 7-9 May 1987, Lugano. 4]. PMID- 3215763 TI - Enhanced anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol induced by amiodarone coadministration. PMID- 3215765 TI - [Technical complications at midterm of Mason gastroplasty]. PMID- 3215766 TI - [Surgical technic in biliary ileus. Apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 3215767 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of isolated mesenteric venous thrombosis]. PMID- 3215768 TI - [Mesenteric venous thrombosis. An 18-year retrospective study]. PMID- 3215769 TI - [Has transjejunal splinting of the small intestine replaced the duplication procedure in the prevention of ileus?]. PMID- 3215770 TI - [Isolated diverticulum perforation of the right colon]. PMID- 3215772 TI - [Emergency interventions in complicated colonic diverticulosis]. PMID- 3215771 TI - [Surgical treatment of diverticulitis]. PMID- 3215773 TI - [What is offered today in therapy of colorectal cancer at a Swiss peripheral hospital]. PMID- 3215774 TI - [Vertical gastroplasty: surgical treatment of choice in exogenous morbid obesity]. PMID- 3215775 TI - [Colorectal cancer: research on new biologic methods of therapeutic and prognostic value]. PMID- 3215776 TI - [Swiss Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 3d annual meeting. 17-18 March 1988, Zurich. Proceedings]. PMID- 3215777 TI - [Peripheral arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremity: the extent of the amputation]. PMID- 3215779 TI - [Femoro-popliteal bypass above the knee: autologous vein or prosthesis?]. PMID- 3215778 TI - [Results of pedal vascular reconstruction in advanced arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 3215780 TI - [The femoro-popliteal bypass with Gore-Tex: what are the results after 10 years?]. PMID- 3215781 TI - [Surgical therapy of lung metastases: correlation of the clinical course and growth behavior in the nude mouse model]. PMID- 3215782 TI - [Thymus surgery in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3215783 TI - [Surgical therapy in tracheal stenoses]. PMID- 3215784 TI - [Pulsatile versus non-pulsatile mechanical circulatory assistance]. PMID- 3215785 TI - [Mechanical circulatory assistance by combined use of a partial veno-arterial bypass and intra-aortic balloon pumping]. PMID- 3215786 TI - [Results of surgery of recurrent isthmus stenoses]. PMID- 3215787 TI - [Timing of surgical intervention in traumatic aortic rupture of the descending aorta]. PMID- 3215788 TI - [Surgery of aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta and paraplegia]. PMID- 3215789 TI - [Reoperations in patients with coronary disease. Hospital mortality and principle perioperative risk factors]. PMID- 3215790 TI - A cytochemical study on the effects of energy deprivation on autophagocytosis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The effect of energy deprivation on autophagocytosis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was studied using cytochemical techniques. Autophagocytosis was induced with vinblastine incubation (0.1 mM) and the cellular ATP-level was lowered with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (0.35 mM). Acid phosphatase was used as a marker for lysosomal enzymes and imidazole-buffered osmium tetroxide impregnation in order to study the effects of energy deprivation on the maturation of autophagic vacuole (AV) membranes. Control and vinblastine treated cells maintained their ATP-levels throughout the incubation period tested (120 min). 2-Deoxy-D-glucose alone and with vinblastine decreased the intracellular ATP-level significantly after only 3 min incubation. Most of the AV's in control and vinblastine treated cells contained degraded material and acid phosphatase activity. Their membranes were stained only slightly or not at all with imidazole-buffered osmium tetroxide. 2 Deoxy-D-glucose alone as well as with vinblastine induced in particular an accumulation of early stages of AV's. These vacuoles contained undegraded cytoplasmic material and no acid phosphatase activity and their membranes were stained usually partly with imidazole-buffered osmium tetroxide. The membranes of some early AV's resembled endoplasmic reticulum and still had attached ribosomes. It was concluded that the inhibition of cellular energy production used in the present study did not inhibit autophagic sequestration but retarded the maturation of AV membranes and impaired the functioning of lysosomal hydrolases. PMID- 3215791 TI - Masking of sperm maturation antigen by sialic acid in the epididymis of the mouse. An immunohistochemical study. AB - Sperm antigen expression during epididymal transit was examined in 4- to 16-week old intact and castrated ICR mice, using the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunohistochemical method with monoclonal antibody T21 against a flagellar surface antigen. On untreated sections, the antigen was first expressed weakly on sperm in the proximal part of the corpus epididymis, and intraluminal components were stained in 4-week-old mice. Epididymal epithelial cells and their stereocilia, and cells in other reproductive organs were not stained. In contrast, on sections treated with neuraminidase, (1) the initial site of antigen appearance is a more proximal position in treated than in untreated sections, (2) stereocilia stained strongly, (3) the staining intensity of sperm and intraluminal components increased, and (4) some clear cells in the epithelium from the distal position of the caput to the corpus epididymis were stained. These results indicate that the antigen is produced by clear cells of the epididymal epithelium, that the antigenic determinant is masked initially by sialic acid residues, and that expression of the antigenic determinant on the sperm surface during epididymal maturation apparently involves desialylation. PMID- 3215792 TI - Histochemical characteristics of glycoproteins in the bile duct system of mice immunized with swine serum. AB - The bile duct system of BALB/c and DDY mice, which were immunized with swine serum (SS) or not, was examined histochemically. Biliary epithelial cells of the SS-treated BALB/c mice, which were positively stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and had binding sites of Dolichos biflorus (DBA), were thought to secrete neutral glycoproteins with terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues. Those of the SS-treated DDY mice were however negatively or weakly stained with any histochemical stainings. On the other hand, glandular epithelial cells of the SS treated mice of both strains, which were positively stained with high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) and had binding sites of DBA, Griffonia simplicifolia-II (GS-II), Ulex europaeus-I (UEA-I), and Triticum vulgaris (WGA), were thought to secrete glycoproteins with terminal sialic acid residues. Biliary and glandular epithelial cells of the normal mice contained only a small amount of glycoproteins showing similar histochemical characteristics to those in the SS treated BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice immunized with SS were thought to be very useful for the investigation of production and secretion of glycoproteins in the bile duct system as well as being good model of bile duct disease. PMID- 3215793 TI - Cytochemical methods for the localization of invertase activity in plant tissues. AB - Two cytochemical methods for the localization of acid and alkaline invertases are given. The first is based upon the reduction of a silver complex at two different pH ranges, whilst the second is based upon the tetrazolium reaction and permits quantification of the rate of activity of alkaline invertase activity. The distribution of alkaline invertase activity throughout the root apex of Pisum sativum and the cell wall localization of acid invertase for material excised from tuber tissue of Helianthus tuberosus are both confirmed. PMID- 3215795 TI - Hypercholesterolemia symposium proceedings. Presented at the American College of Osteopathic Internists annual meeting. September 28, 1987. PMID- 3215794 TI - [The vital staining of nuclear chromatin and the chromosomes of HeLa cells with the fluorochrome AMHA binding to DNA]. AB - The fluorochrome AMHA (3-amino-6-methoxy-9-(2-hydroxyethylamino)acridine) stains the nuclear chromatin and the chromosomes of living HeLa cells. At relatively low dye concentrations CF less than or equal to 10(-4) M and short incubation periods tI less than or equal to 2 h cell growth is not affected by the drug. But at higher CF and longer tI the population doubling time of the cell cultures rapidly increases, and finally the cells die. In vital staining experiments the dye AMHA preferentially binds to the DNA of the nuclei and to the chromosomes of the cells, respectively. The dye binding to DNA has been proved by the absorption and emission microspectra of the stained cells, and by the comparison with authentic spectra of AMHA bound to DNA in aqueous solutions. Within the limits of experimental errors both types of spectra are identical. The spectra of DNA-bound AMHA show a characteristic gap of ca. 3500 cm-1 between the 0-0-transitions of the long wave length 1La absorption and the fluorescence. AMHA molecules dissolved in the polar solvent water have a gap of even 4100 cm-1. This energy gap shows that the electron distribution of AMHA is strongly changed by light absorption and emission. Finally, using absorption spectroscopy, we investigated the binding of AMHA to DNA in aqueous solutions over a wide range of concentrations of the dye, of nucleic acid (calf thymus), and of the competitor NaCl respectively. The Scatchard binding isotherms were determined. With the method of competitive salt effect three different bonds of AMHA to DNA can be distinguished even at low dye concentrations: The intercalation 1 of the fluorochrome F, binding constant KF1 = 1.1.10(5) M-1, binding parameter n1 = 0.15; the pre-intercalative or external binding 2, KF2 = 6.9.10(5) M-1, n2 = 0.21; the external binding 3, KF3 = 2.8.10(5) M-1, n3 = 0.55. Externally bound dye molecules 2 and 3 occupy two phosphodiester residues of the DNA. A detailed discussion of the data and the competitive salt effect shows that in living cells only intercalated and small amounts of pre-intercalatively bound molecules 1 and 2 exist. The binding constant KF1 = 1.1.10(5) M-1 of AMHA is unusual high in comparison with the constants of intercalation of other dyes, KF1 = (1-4).10(4) M 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3215798 TI - Teaching laboratory medicine with a problem-solving approach. PMID- 3215797 TI - Emphysematous pyelonephritis, ureteritis, and cystitis: report of a case. PMID- 3215796 TI - Current and new therapy for hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 3215799 TI - Mysterious premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMID- 3215800 TI - Benefits of animal research. PMID- 3215801 TI - More on testing for exocrine pancreatic function. PMID- 3215802 TI - Satisfactory vs poor, fair, good, and excellent. PMID- 3215803 TI - Caring about animals--thoughts from a student. PMID- 3215804 TI - Veterinary prescription drugs--good things do happen. PMID- 3215805 TI - Federal service: one of the best-kept secrets around. PMID- 3215807 TI - Talking to clients. PMID- 3215806 TI - Pet-bird and exotic-pet owners and their use of veterinary services. PMID- 3215808 TI - Dysgonic fermenter-2 infections. PMID- 3215809 TI - Comparison of the general moral reasoning of small animal veterinarians vs large animal veterinarians. AB - This project was developed to gather data on the general moral reasoning of practicing veterinarians and to compare the responses of small animal veterinarians vs large animal veterinarians and of male veterinarians vs female veterinarians. Using the Defining Issues Test for assessing moral reasoning, it was found that there is no significant difference between the levels of moral reasoning of small animal and large animal veterinarians. However, a slightly significant (P = 0.045) difference was found between the levels of moral reasoning of male and female veterinarians. Explanations of these findings are given. This report provides baseline data on the moral reasoning of veterinarians, which can serve as a foundation and stimulus for comparison in other studies. PMID- 3215811 TI - Verapamil administration for acute termination of supraventricular tachycardia in dogs. AB - Verapamil, a calcium channel-blocking drug, was administered IV at a dosage that ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 mg/kg of body weight to 14 dogs with supraventricular tachycardia. The dosage was titrated, administering 0.05 mg/kg every 5 to 30 minutes following the initial 0.05 mg/kg dose in all but 1 dog. The drug terminated the arrhythmia in 12 dogs and slowed the ventricular rate in 1 dog. One dog was unresponsive to verapamil administration and became transiently hypotensive after the administration of a total dose of 0.15 mg/kg over 5 to 6 minutes. Various arrhythmias occurred after verapamil administration, but none required additional treatment or caused serious sequelae. Verapamil was an effective treatment for acutely converting supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm in these dogs. It appears to be safe when administered in the aforementioned dosage range. PMID- 3215810 TI - Rates of diseases and their associated costs in two Colorado sheep feedlots (1985 1986). AB - Data related to rates of disease and their associated costs were collected for 12 months from 2 sheep feedlots in northern Colorado. There was an apparent seasonal occurrence of many of the diseases. Pneumonia, enterotoxemia, acidosis, and transport tetany accounted for most of the diseases seen in these feedlots and were responsible for most of the economic losses. There was a large difference in the incidence of diseases between the 2 feedlots and in the expenditures for disease prevention between the 2 feedlots. PMID- 3215813 TI - Abomasal dilatation and emptying defect in a flock of Suffolk ewes. AB - Abomasal dilatation and emptying defect was identified in 14 of 130 Suffolk sheep from a single flock in northern California. Abomasal dilatation and emptying defect was diagnosed in 13 of the sheep between November 1986 and April 1987. All affected sheep were ewes and in all, the condition developed during the lambing season. Clinical signs consisted of chronic anorexia and weight loss. Laboratory data from affected ewes reflected concurrent disease and was not helpful in diagnosis of the disease. Necropsy of 13 affected ewes revealed a distended, ingesta-filled abomasum in all of them. The brain stem of 6 ewes was examined, and lesions suggestive of scrapie were not observed. Pedigree analysis determined that in this flock, abomasal dilatation and emptying defect development was independent of sire. A relationship between the age of affected ewes and the disease was not found. Treatment was unsuccessful in 13 ewes, but 1 recovered after treatment with metoclopramide. PMID- 3215812 TI - Cisplatin for treatment of transitional cell and squamous cell carcinomas in dogs. AB - Thirteen dogs with tumors were treated with monthly infusions of cisplatin. Complete responses were not observed. Of 8 dogs with urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas, 1 (12.5%) had a partial response of 31 weeks' duration, and 4 (50%) had stable disease for 12, 30, 32, and 34 weeks. Three (60%) of 5 dogs with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas had partial responses for 2, 10, and 15 weeks. All 13 dogs were evaluated for signs of toxicosis. Transient episodes of vomiting were recorded for 7 dogs (54%), and 2 dogs (15%) had mild thrombocytopenia. Although renal function gradually decreased in 2 dogs (15%), none of the dogs had an episode of acute renal failure attributable to cisplatin. These findings suggest that cisplatin may be a safe and potentially effective agent for treatment of transitional cell and squamous cell carcinomas in dogs. PMID- 3215814 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the gland of the third eyelid in seven dogs. AB - Adenocarcinoma of the gland of the third eyelid developed as a smooth, pink nodule on the bulbar aspect of the third eyelid of seven 10- to 16-year-old dogs. Tumors recurred in 4 dogs. One dog, which initially had the most infiltrative appearing tumor among those studied, was euthanatized 7 months after the first excision, because of extensive local recurrence and suspected metastasis. Tumors did not recur after removal of the entire third eyelid as the initial or follow up procedure. We recommend removal of the entire third eyelid to prevent local recurrence of the tumor. PMID- 3215815 TI - Unsuccessful surgical repair of a short soft palate in a dog. AB - An 8-week-old male Miniature Schnauzer had nasal discharge of milk, food, and water since birth, especially during eating. Examination of the oral cavity revealed a short soft palate. Numerous unsuccessful surgical procedures were performed to construct a shelf of tissue to prevent oronasal reflux. The dog was euthanatized. PMID- 3215816 TI - Carpet deodorizer as a contact allergen in a dog. AB - Allergic contact dermatitis was diagnosed in a 7-year-old dog. Clinical signs and history were consistent with a contact allergen being the cause of pruritic skin disease. Patch testing confirmed that carpet deodorizer was the allergen. PMID- 3215817 TI - Treatment of flukes in a toucan. AB - Praziquantel administered at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight/day for 14 days eliminated a fluke infection in a red-billed toucan. The regimen used was an extension of one reported elsewhere which, though unsuccessful, had enough promise to justify modification and further use. PMID- 3215818 TI - Renal adenoma in a cat. AB - Renal adenoma, a benign tumor of epithelial origin, was diagnosed in a 10-year old cat. Clinical signs included decreased appetite and weight loss. Nephrectomy resulted in clinical improvement. Seven months after surgery, the cat died, and pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma was discovered. The pulmonary neoplasm differed markedly from the renal neoplasm. PMID- 3215819 TI - Surgical treatment of sand colic in equids: 48 cases (1978-1985). AB - Medical records of 48 equids (47 horses, 1 pony) with surgical sand colic were reviewed. The diagnosis of sand colic was made if a sand impaction(s) was palpated during exploratory abdominal surgery or if a large quantity of sand was found during colotomy. Most equids did not experience a previous episode of sand diarrhea or sand colic. Clinical findings and results of clinicopathologic determinations were not diagnostic. Rectal palpation findings in 40 of 46 horses were compatible with large-colon and/or cecal distention. Impactions were palpable per rectum in only 7 horses, but emergency abdominal surgery revealed one or more impactions in 46 of 48 equids. Single impaction most commonly was observed at the pelvic flexure. Twenty-six horses had concurrent large-colon torsion or displacement. Pelvic flexure colotomy was performed in 44 horses. Of 48 equids, 44 survived and were discharged. PMID- 3215820 TI - Employment of 1988 male and female graduates of US veterinary medical colleges. PMID- 3215821 TI - What is your diagnosis? Hepatomegaly and a retroperitoneal mass adjacent to or involving the left kidney. PMID- 3215822 TI - Ethanol accelerates acrosomal loss in human spermatozoa. AB - The effects of ethanol on the loss of the human sperm acrosome, as determined by the chlortetracycline fluorescence assay and by indirect immunofluorescence assay, were assessed over 6 hours during incubation at 37 C in BWW medium containing 0 to 250 mM ethanol. Both assays gave the same results. At the end of 6 hours, 48 +/- 6% acrosomal loss was found in samples in 250 mM ethanol compared with 4 +/- 1% in the absence of ethanol. After 0.25 hour, the first time point chosen for sampling, the spermatozoa in 250 mM ethanol showed 23 +/- 3% loss of acrosomes compared with less than 1% in the absence of ethanol. Ultrastructural studies revealed that the ethanol-treated spermatozoa showed complete acrosomal loss as well as loss of the equatorial segment. No examples of the vesiculation characteristic of the physiologic acrosome reaction were found in the 150 cells examined. Calcium is required for the ethanol-mediated acrosomal loss: omission of Ca2+, addition of 2 mM EGTA, or 0.2 mM verapamil blocked the effect. Ethanol induced a dose-dependent efflux of cholesterol from human spermatozoa, but the ethanol-induced acceleration of acrosomal loss occurred to the same extent in the presence of cholesterol microdispersions that prevented this efflux. The loss of the equatorial segment, which is necessary for egg penetration, during ethanol induced acrosomal loss would explain the known effect of ethanol in inhibiting, rather than enhancing, the penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by human spermatozoa. PMID- 3215823 TI - Significance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in defining the efficacy of sperm preparation techniques. AB - The mechanisms responsible for mediating the influence of sperm preparation protocols on human sperm function have been investigated. Techniques that involved the separation of motile spermatozoa prior to centrifugation were found to yield sperm suspensions of highest quality. If the spermatozoa were centrifuged prior to isolation of the motile cells, sperm function was impaired. The detrimental effects of centrifugation were associated with a sudden burst of reactive oxygen species production by a discrete subpopulation of cells (characterized by significantly diminished motility and fertilizing capacity) that could be separated from normal functional spermatozoa on Percoll gradients. If unfractionated sperm suspensions were subjected to centrifugation, the reactive oxygen species generated by this subpopulation impaired the functional competence of normal spermatozoa in the same suspension. Assessment of the ability of the antioxidants, butylated hydroxytoluene, and vitamin E, to curtail the peroxidative damage inflicted by such cells in response to centrifugation revealed a significant improvement of sperm function in the presence of vitamin E. PMID- 3215824 TI - Diagnostic value of sperm function tests and routine semen analyses in fertile and infertile men. AB - The results of routine semen analyses, the zona-free hamster oocyte penetration test, the hypoosmotic swelling test, and semen adenosine triphosphate levels were studied in 66 fertile and 130 infertile men. Multivariate discriminant analysis demonstrated that routine semen parameters including semen volume, sperm count, percent sperm motility, and percent normal spermatozoa in combination could predict the fertility of these patients with 70.4% accuracy. Of the three sperm function tests evaluated, the zona-free hamster oocyte penetration test and the hypoosmotic swelling test were selected by the multivariate discriminant analysis as variables capable of providing significant information on the fertility status of the patients. However, the addition of the results of these two tests to the routine semen analysis did not significantly improve the predictability of fertility. The overall correct prediction rate was 77.6% after incorporation of the results of these two sperm function tests. In this group of subjects, the presently available sperm function tests did not predict the fertility status of a patient with a high degree of accuracy. PMID- 3215825 TI - The correlation between the gossypol contents in blood plasma, rete testis fluid, and cauda epididymal fluid following chronic treatment with gossypol in rats. AB - Concentrations of gossypol in blood plasma, rete testis fluid, and fluid from the caudia epididymidis were measured simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography in rats treated with gossypol (15 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks). Antispermatogenic effects were demonstrated by loss of sperm motility in the cauda epididymidis and structural changes in the testis. It was found in these treated rats that concentrations of gossypol were lower in rete testis fluid compared with blood plasma but increased significantly in fluid from the cauda epididymidis. The results indicate a restriction of the blood-testis barrier to gossypol and its local concentration in the epididymis after fluid resorption. PMID- 3215827 TI - Perspectives on dental health, Part II: General health status in Hawaii. PMID- 3215828 TI - AIDS risk from needles less than 1%. PMID- 3215826 TI - Transport of inositol into the distal cauda epididymidis of the rat. AB - The transport of [3H]myo-inositol into the lumen of the rat distal cauda epididymidis was studied by luminal perfusion in vitro. Entry was time and tubule length-dependent and saturable transport could be demonstrated with Vmax of 237 pmol/(30 min. cm) and K+ of 1 mM. Secretion of unlabeled inositol into the epididymal lumen was maintained for 5 hours at a concentration 6 times greater than that of the bathing solution. The turnover time of the epithelial pool of inositol was 4.5 hours, from which the intracellular concentration was estimated to be 26.6 mM. Transport was not reduced by metabolic inhibitors, and it was demonstrated that exchange diffusion across the basolateral membranes could drive the uptake in this region. PMID- 3215829 TI - U.S. AIDS cases top 50,000. PMID- 3215830 TI - AIDS and hepatitis B in Hawaii. PMID- 3215831 TI - Full text of AIDS, HIV policy statement. PMID- 3215832 TI - No choice about gloves. PMID- 3215833 TI - OSHA guidelines mandatory. PMID- 3215834 TI - Management of the uncooperative patient: a retrospective study of restorative dental treatment under general anaesthesia. PMID- 3215835 TI - Communication and a heads-up philosophy can reduce your exposure to malpractice claims and help you serve your patients more completely. PMID- 3215836 TI - Bioelectric properties and ion transport across excised canine fetal and neonatal airways. AB - Knowledge of liquid secretion by fetal lung stems from studies of sheep. We extended these studies to dogs and examined the persistence of the fetal pattern of airway epithelial permeability and ion transport in the neonatal animal. Plasma and lung liquid from fetal dogs were analyzed for Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO3-. Only the Cl- concentration of fetal lung liquid (129 meq/l) was significantly different from that of fetal plasma (111 meq/l). Segments of trachea from fetal and neonatal (less than 1, 7-10, and 21-46 days after birth) dogs were excised and mounted in flux chambers. The transepithelial potential difference (PD) of all tissues was oriented lumen negative (9.8-14.8 mV). Under short-circuit conditions, unidirectional Na+ flows were symmetrical. Cl- was secreted, and the secretion was equivalent to short-circuit current (Isc). Cl- secretion persisted under open-circuit conditions. Lobar bronchi from 21- to 46-day neonates absorbed Na+ (1.9 mueq.cm-2.h-1), but unidirectional flows of Cl- were symmetrical. Amiloride (10(-4) M) reduced Isc of neonatal bronchi by 47% but did not affect fetal bronchi. Isoproterenol increased Isc of both fetal (33%) and neonatal (40%) bronchi. These responses suggest that fetal bronchi do not absorb Na+ but can be stimulated to secrete Cl-. We conclude that Cl- secretion by epithelium of large airways may contribute to fetal lung liquid production, but it is unlikely that the tracheal epithelium is involved in fluid absorption at birth. Whereas fetal bronchi appear to secrete Cl-, neonatal bronchi absorb Na+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215837 TI - Paths of ion transport across canine fetal tracheal epithelium. AB - Fluid secretion by the fetal sheep lung is thought to be driven by secretion of Cl- by the pulmonary epithelium. We previously demonstrated Cl- secretion by tracheal epithelium excised from fetal dogs and sheep. In this study we characterized the ion transport pathways across fetal canine tracheal epithelium. The transport of Na+ and Cl- across trachea excised from fetal dogs was evaluated from transepithelial electrical properties and isotope fluxes. Under basal conditions the tissues were characterized by a lumen-negative potential difference (PD) of 11 mV and conductance of 5.2 mS/cm2. The short-circuit current (Isc) was 43 microA/cm2 (1.6 mueq.cm-2.h-1). Basal Na+ flows were symmetrical, but net Na+ absorption (1.1 mueq.cm-2.h-1) could be induced by exposure of the luminal surface to amphotericin B (10(-6) M). Bilateral replacement of Na+ reduced Isc by 85%. Replacement of submucosal Na+ or exposure to submucosal furosemide (10(-4) M) reduced net Cl- secretion by 60-70%. Luminal exposure to indomethacin (10(-6) M) induced a 50% decrease in Isc, whereas isoproterenol (10( 6) M) increased Isc by 120%. The properties of the Cl- secretory pathway across fetal dog trachea are consistent with the model proposed for Cl- secretion across adult dog trachea and other Cl- -secreting tissues (e.g., bullfrog cornea and shark rectal gland). The absence of basal Na+ absorption by fetal dog trachea probably reflects limited apical membrane Na+ permeability. PMID- 3215838 TI - Relative hysteresis of the airways and lung parenchyma in normal subjects. AB - We evaluated the mechanical properties of the airways sequentially from the glottis toward the main bronchi in 10 normal subjects. Plots of airway cross sectional area vs. lung volume, measured during inspiration and expiration, were used to determine the relative magnitude of the airways vs. parenchymal hysteresis. Airway cross-sectional area was measured by means of the acoustic reflection technique. We found that the hysteresis of the proximal part of the trachea was greater than that of the lung parenchyma, whereas the hysteresis of the distal trachea and subcarinal segments of the airways was smaller than that of the lung parenchyma. The transition zone between the proximal and the more distal airway properties occurred 8-26 cm distal to the glottis. This transition zone was reproducible in its location on repeated testing in each subject but varied among subjects. To the extent that relative hysteresis of the airways depends on bronchomotor tone, our findings suggest that the bronchomotor tone is inhomogeneous, being maximal at the proximal part of the trachea and gradually decreasing toward the more distal trachea and subcarinal airway segments. PMID- 3215839 TI - Removal of the epithelium potentiates acetylcholine in depolarizing canine bronchial smooth muscle. AB - Experiments were designed to determine whether the airway epithelium affects the membrane potential of the underlying smooth muscle. The effect of epithelium removal (by gentle rubbing) on the responsiveness of isolated canine bronchi was studied. Simultaneous recordings of mechanical and electrical activity were made in paired circumferential strips (with and without epithelium) of third-order bronchi. Changes in tension were recorded with a force transducer, and changes in membrane potential were measured with a microelectrode. The cell membrane potential and resting tension of the bronchial smooth muscle were stable over a 150-min period and were not affected by removal of the epithelium. In the presence of antagonists at muscarinic and adrenergic receptors, the resting tension and membrane potential were comparable in preparations with and without epithelium. By contrast, the anticholinesterase, echothiophate, caused depolarization in bronchi without epithelium. Exposure to high potassium induced similar levels of depolarization and contraction in tissues with and without epithelium. No significant differences in threshold for depolarization or for mechanical activation in the membrane potential-tension relationship were noted in the presence or absence of epithelium. In the presence of echothiophate, removal of the epithelium augmented the contraction of the bronchi to acetylcholine; the depolarization of the cell membrane induced by the cholinergic transmitter was significantly larger than in control tissues, even when matched contractions were compared. These observations indicate that the respiratory epithelium generates an inhibitory substance that dampens depolarization and contraction of bronchial smooth muscle caused by acetylcholine. PMID- 3215840 TI - Neuromuscular and hormonal adaptations in athletes to strength training in two years. AB - Neuromuscular and hormonal adaptations to prolonged strength training were investigated in nine elite weight lifters. The average increases occurred over the 2-yr follow-up period in the maximal neural activation (integrated electromyogram, IEMG; 4.2%, P = NS), maximal isometric leg-extension force (4.9%, P = NS), averaged concentric power index (4.1%, P = NS), total weight-lifting result (2.8%, P less than 0.05), and total mean fiber area (5.9%, P = NS) of the vastus lateralis muscle, respectively. The training period resulted in increases in the concentrations of serum testosterone from 19.8 +/- 5.3 to 25.1 +/- 5.2 nmol/l (P less than 0.05), luteinizing hormone (LH) from 8.6 +/- 0.8 to 9.1 +/- 0.8 U/l (P less than 0.05), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from 4.2 +/- 2.0 to 5.3 +/- 2.3 U/l (P less than 0.01), and testosterone-to-serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) ratio (P less than 0.05). The annual mean value of the second follow-up year for the serum testosterone-to-SHBG ratio correlated significantly (r = 0.84, P less than 0.01) with the individual changes during the 2nd yr in the averaged concentric power. The present results suggest that prolonged intensive strength training in elite athletes may influence the pituitary and possibly hypothalamic levels, leading to increased serum levels of testosterone. This may create more optimal conditions to utilize more intensive training leading to increased strength development. PMID- 3215841 TI - Water temperature and intensity of exercise in maintenance of thermal equilibrium. AB - This study examined the thermal and metabolic responses of six men during exercise in water at critical temperature (Tcw, 31.2 +/- 0.5 degrees C), below Tcw (BTcw, 28.8 +/- 0.6 degrees C), at thermoneutrality (Ttn, 34 degrees C), and above Ttn (ATtn, 36 degrees C). At each water temperature (Tw) male volunteers wearing only swimming trunks completed four 1-h experiments while immersed up to the neck. During one experiment, subjects remained at rest (R), and the other three performed leg exercise (LE) at three different intensities (LE-1, 2 MET; LE 2, 3 MET; LE-3, 4 MET). In water warmer than Tcw, there was no difference in metabolic rate (M) during R. The M for each work load was independent of Tw. Esophageal temperature (Tes) remained unchanged during R in water of ATtn (36 degrees C). However, Tes significantly (P less than 0.05) declined over 1 h during R at Ttn (delta Tes = -0.39 degrees C), Tcw (delta Tes = -0.54 degrees C), and BTcw (delta Tes = -0.61 degrees C). All levels of underwater exercise elevated Tes and M compared with R at all Tw. In water colder than Tcw, the ratio of heat loss from limbs compared with the trunk became greater as LE intensity increased, indicating a preferential increase in heat loss from the limbs in cool water. Tissue insulation (Itissue) was lower during LE than at R and was inversely proportional to the increase in LE intensity. A linearly inverse relationship was established between Tw and M in maintaining thermal equilibrium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215842 TI - Behavioral activity during prolonged hypoxemia in fetal sheep. AB - Experiments were conducted in unanesthetized, chronically catheterized pregnant sheep to determine the fetal behavioral response to prolonged hypoxemia produced by restricting uterine blood flow. Uterine blood flow was reduced by adjusting a vascular occluder placed around the maternal common internal iliac artery to decrease fetal arterial O2 content from 6.1 +/- 0.3 to 4.1 +/- 0.3 ml/dl for 48 h. Associated with the decrease in fetal O2 content, there was a slight increase in fetal arterial PCO2 and decrease in pH, which were both transient. There was an initial inhibition of both fetal breathing movements and eye movements but no change in the pattern of electrocortical activity. After this initial inhibition there was a return to normal incidence of both fetal breathing movements and eye movements by 16 h of the prolonged hypoxemia. These studies indicate that the chronically catheterized sheep fetus is able to adapt behaviorally to a prolonged decrease in arterial O2 content secondary to the restriction of uterine blood flow. PMID- 3215843 TI - Role of triangularis sterni during coughing and sneezing in dogs. AB - Studies in mammals have found that during breathing the triangularis sterni (TS) muscle regulates expiratory airflow and the end-expiratory position of the rib cage and furthermore that the respiratory activity of this muscle is influenced by a variety of chemical and mechanical stimuli. To assess the role of the TS during coughing and sneezing, electromyograms (EMGs) recorded from the TS were compared with EMGs of the transversus abdominis (TA) in eight pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. During coughing induced by mechanically stimulating the trachea or larynx (n = 7 dogs), peak EMGs increased from 23 +/- 2 to 74 +/- 5 U (P less than 0.00002) for the TS and from 21 +/- 6 to 66 +/- 4 U (P less than 0.0002) for the TA. During sneezing induced by mechanically stimulating the nasal mucosa (n = 3 dogs), peak EMG of the TS increased from 10 +/- 3 to 66 +/- 7 U (P less than 0.005) and peak EMG of the TA increased from 10 +/- 2 to 73 +/- 7 U (P less than 0.02). For both muscles the shape of the EMG changed to an early peaking form during coughs and sneezes. Peak expiratory airflow during coughs of different intensity correlated more closely with peak TS EMG in three dogs and with peak TA EMG in four dogs; peak expiratory airflow during sneezes of different intensity correlated more closely with peak TS than TA EMG in all three animals. These results suggest that the TS is actively recruited during coughing and sneezing and that different neuromuscular strategies may be utilized to augment expiratory airflow. PMID- 3215844 TI - Airway resistance measured in liquid-trapped guinea pig lungs by micropuncture. AB - We studied the relationship between bronchoconstriction and the degree of trapping in saline-filled lungs isolated from guinea pigs postmortem after rapid exsanguination. Airway resistance was measured in nine lungs, and in five lungs the site of airway narrowing was located radiographically. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, degassed by O2 absorption, then rapidly exsanguinated when O2 absorption was almost complete. Liquid trapping was assessed from the pressure-volume behaviour measured in saline-filled lungs. During a slow deflation from maximum volume, alveolar liquid pressure (Palv) was measured by the micropipette-servonulling method, airway opening pressure (Pao) by a strain gauge, and flow rate (Q) by weighing a reservoir connected to the airway. Airway resistance (Raw) was calculated at different lung volumes from the relationship: Raw = (Palv-Pao)/Q. In untreated lungs, Raw and fluid trapping were relatively high, and severe bronchoconstriction occurred at the level of the main stem and lobar bronchi. Nifedipine infusion reduced Raw 40-fold and decreased trapping. Raw was further reduced 10-fold and fluid trapping was minimal in lungs pretreated with nifedipine before exsanguination. Results suggest a close association between bronchoconstriction and fluid trapping in guinea pig lungs. PMID- 3215845 TI - On the modeling and interpretation of oxygen uptake kinetics from ramp work rate tests. AB - Ramp work rate tests have been used to estimate aerobic parameters in exercise stress testing. Previous studies have suggested an assumption of a linear dynamic system for O2 uptake kinetics. The implication is that model parameters estimated from ramp tests should be similar to those estimated from other dynamic tests. In nine healthy subjects, we found that model parameters used to characterize O2 consumption ramp data were not consistent with those used to characterize step data, when the comparison was made on a subject-to-subject basis. Furthermore the ramp data model parameter values were highly dependent (P less than 0.0001) on the ramp slope. A linear dynamic system interpretation of the ramp data model does not appear to be appropriate, suggesting that caution is needed in the interpretation of ramp data aerobic parameters. The data may be better described by nonlinear or higher order function. Ramp exercise testing is not suitable for assessing dynamic control properties of the cardiorespiratory response to exercise. PMID- 3215846 TI - Hyperammoniemia during prolonged exercise: an effect of glycogen depletion? AB - Eight healthy men exercised to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer at a work load of 176 +/- 9 (SE) W corresponding to 67% (range 63-69%) of their maximal O2 uptake (exercise I). Exercise of the same work load was repeated after 75 min of recovery (exercise II). Exercise duration (range) was 65 (50-90) and 21 (14-30) min for exercise I and II, respectively. Femoral venous blood samples were obtained before and during exercise and analyzed for NH3 and lactate. Plasma NH3 was 12 +/- 2 and 19 +/- 6 mumol/l before exercise I and II, respectively and increased during exercise to exhaustion to peak values of 195 +/- 29 (exercise I) and 250 +/- 30 (exercise II) mumol/l, respectively. Plasma NH3 increased faster during exercise II compared with exercise I and at the end of exercise II was threefold higher than the value for the corresponding time of exercise I (P less than 0.001). Blood lactate increased during exercise I and after 20 min of exercise was 3.7 +/- 0.4 mmol/l and remained unchanged until exhaustion. During exercise II blood lactate increased less than during exercise I. It is concluded that long-term exercise to exhaustion results in large increases in plasma NH3 despite relatively low levels of blood lactate. It is suggested that the faster increase in plasma NH3 during exercise II (vs. exercise I) reflects an increased formation in the working muscle that may be caused by low glycogen levels and impairment of the ATP resynthesis. PMID- 3215847 TI - Propranolol enhances adenine nucleotide degradation in human muscle during exercise. AB - Eight healthy men cycled to exhaustion [4.1 +/- 0.3 (SE) min] during beta adrenoceptor blockade (beta B) with propranolol. The exercise was repeated on another day with the same power output and duration but without propranolol (control). The total adenine nucleotide (TAN) content in muscle (quadriceps femoris) decreased during exercise, and the decrease was more pronounced during beta B (delta TAN = 4.8 +/- 1.0 mmol/kg dry wt) than during control (delta TAN = 2.8 +/- 0.9; P less than 0.01, beta B vs. control). The decrease in TAN corresponded with a similar increase in inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP). The increase in IMP was more pronounced during beta B (delta IMP = 5.1 +/- 1.2 mmol/kg dry wt) than during control (delta IMP = 2.8 +/- 0.7; P less than 0.05, beta B vs. control). Similarly, the increase in the content of NH3 in muscle was twice as high during beta B vs. control (P less than 0.01). The increase in muscle lactate and the decrease in phosphocreatine during exercise were similar between treatments, but postexercise hexose phosphates were approximately twofold higher (P less than 0.05) during control than during beta B. It is concluded that beta B enhances the degradation of TAN and the production of NH3 and IMP in muscle during intense exercise. This indicates that the imbalance between the rates of utilization and resynthesis of ATP is more pronounced during beta B possibly because of a decreased O2 transport to the contracting muscle and a diminished activation of glycolysis by the hexose phosphates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215848 TI - Measurement of carotid body blood flow in cats by use of radioactive microspheres. AB - To resolve the controversy regarding carotid body blood flow, we used the radioactive microsphere technique for determination of tissue blood flow. We also measured the blood flow to several other tissues in the cat. Blood flow experiments were performed on 13 cats that were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated with air. Different numbers of differently labeled 9-, 15 , and 25-micron microspheres were injected via a catheter into the left atrium. It was determined that one injection of 5 x 10(6) 15-micron microspheres was appropriate for the determination of carotid body blood flow. Flows to the carotid bodies and other organs by use of this protocol were as follows (ml.min 1.100 g-1, means +/- SE): carotid bodies, 1,417 +/- 143; adrenal glands, 406 +/- 89; left kidney, 355 +/- 69; right kidney, 375 +/- 74; heart, 201 +/- 39; liver 81 +/- 14; pancreas, 80 +/- 21; superior cervical ganglia, 62 +/- 9; carotid artery wall, 2.4 +/- 1.1. The blood flow to the carotid bodies was the highest for any organ. This measurement provides new evidence that tissue blood flow to the carotid body is very high. This high flow is consistent with the prompt physiological reflex functions of the carotid body. PMID- 3215849 TI - Medullary neurons mediating the inhibition of inspiration by intercostal muscle tendon organs? AB - Studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that nonrespiratory-modulated units are last-order interneurons mediating the effects of intercostal muscle tendon organs on medullary inspiratory neuron activity. Vagotomized, anesthetized, or decerebrate cats were used. Results show the following. 1) Afferents from different receptor types (i.e., intercostal tendon organs and chest wall cutaneous receptors) that inhibit medullary inspiratory neuron activities evoke the same units. 2) Gastrocnemius muscle group I afferent fibers evoke some of the same units as intercostal afferents but do not alter respiratory activity. 3) The "pneumotaxic center" and laryngeal nerve afferents, which inhibit medullary inspiratory activity, evoke different medullary units than intercostal afferents. 4) Evoked units are not active in spontaneously breathing cats. Additional results suggest that a few respiratory neurons near the retrofacial nucleus may be involved in the mediation of the inspiratory inhibitory effects of intercostal tendon organs. These results do not establish the mechanism by which intercostal muscle tendon organs reduces medullary inspiratory activity. PMID- 3215850 TI - Propelling efficiency of front-crawl swimming. AB - In this study the propelling efficiency (ep) of front-crawl swimming, by use of the arms only, was calculated in four subjects. This is the ratio of the power used to overcome drag (Pd) to the total mechanical power (Po) produced including power wasted in changing the kinetic energy of masses of water (Pk). By the use of an extended version of the system to measure active drag (MAD system), Pd was measured directly. Simultaneous measurement of O2 uptake (VO2) enabled the establishment of the relationship between the rate of the energy expenditure (PVO2) and Po (since when swimming on the MAD system Po = Pd). These individual relationships describing the mechanical efficiency (8-12%) were then used to estimate Po in free swimming from measurements of VO2. Because Pd was directly measured at each velocity studied by use of the MAD system, ep could be calculated according to the equation ep = Pd/(Pd + Pk) = Pd/Po. For the four top class swimmers studied, ep was found to range from 46 to 77%. Total efficiency, defined as the product of mechanical and propelling efficiency, ranged from 5 to 8%. PMID- 3215851 TI - CO binding to hemoglobin and myoglobin in equilibrium with a gas phase of low PO2 value. AB - The aim of this paper was to measure the binding of CO to myoglobin and hemoglobin at various PO2 values. For this purpose we have studied an "in vitro" system made up of solutions of hemoglobin and myoglobin equilibrated in two connected tonometers with the same gas phase of various PO2 and PCO. The results indicate that a significant proportion of CO is released by hemoglobin and binds myoglobin at low PO2 values (approximately 2-3 Torr), in qualitative agreement with the predictions of a previous computer simulation of the "in vivo" system. PMID- 3215852 TI - Absence of nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxation in the cat cervical trachea. AB - Published in vivo experiments have not supported in vitro reports of the presence of nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory pathways in the cat trachea. We therefore examined these pathways, measuring tension in an innervated tracheal segment, flow resistance in more distal airways, and dynamic compliance, in 10 anesthetized mechanically ventilated cats. Initially, cervical vagal stimulation evoked contraction followed by relaxation of smooth muscle of trachea and lower airways; sympathetic stimulation evoked relaxation only. After muscarinic blockade and restoration of smooth muscle tone with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) applied topically to the tracheal mucosa, vagal stimulation did not affect tracheal segment tension, whereas sympathetic-evoked relaxation was preserved. Similar results were found when tone was restored with intravenous 5-HT, with vagal stimulation also decreasing resistance and increasing compliance. We conclude that NANC pathways are present in lower airways but not in the cervical trachea of the cat. We hypothesize that parasympathetic constriction of cat airway smooth muscle can occur without simultaneous NANC activation, whereas NANC activity occurs only in tandem with parasympathetic stimulation. PMID- 3215853 TI - BCNU-induced protection from hyperbaric hyperoxia: role of glutathione metabolism. AB - To explore the role of the glutathione oxidation-reduction cycle in altering the sensitivity of rats to the effects of hyperbaric hyperoxia, we administered N,N bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU) to decrease tissue glutathione reductase activity. We then exposed these animals and their matched vehicle-treated controls to 100% O2 at 4 ATA. Animals that received BCNU and were immediately exposed to hyperbaric O2 showed enhanced toxicity by seizing earlier in the exposure than controls. Animals that received BCNU 18 h before the hyperbaric O2 exposure were paradoxically protected from the effects of the exposure with a prolongation of their time to initial seizure and a marked increase in their survival time during the exposure. Tissue glutathione concentrations were also measured in the various groups and the hyperbaric O2 exposure produced marked decreases in hepatic glutathione levels in all control animals. In animals treated with BCNU 18 h before exposure, hepatic glutathione concentrations also decreased, but the concentrations had significantly increased during the 18-h waiting period, allowing these animals to maintain hepatic levels in the normal range even during their hyperbaric exposures. We conclude that treatment of rats with BCNU 18 h before exposure to hyperbaric hyperoxia results in enhanced protection of the animals during the exposure. PMID- 3215854 TI - Operation Everest. II: Nutrition and body composition. AB - Progressive body weight loss occurs during high mountain expeditions, but whether it is due to hypoxia, inadequate diet, malabsorption, or the multiple stresses of the harsh environment is unknown. To determine whether hypoxia due to decompression causes weight loss, six men, provided with a palatable ad libitum diet, were studied during progressive decompression to 240 Torr over 40 days in a hypobaric chamber where hypoxia was the major environmental variable. Caloric intake decreased 43.0% from 3,136 to 1,789 kcal/day (P less than 0.001). The percent carbohydrate in the diet decreased from 62.1 to 53.2% (P less than 0.001). Over the 40 days of the study the subjects lost 7.4 +/- 2.2 (SD) kg and 1.6% (2.5 kg) of the total body weight as fat. Computerized tomographic scans indicated that most of the weight loss was derived from fat-free weight. The data indicated that prolonged exposure to the increasing hypoxia was associated with a reduction in carbohydrate preference and body weight despite access to ample varieties and quantities of food. This study suggested that hypoxia can be sufficient cause for the weight loss and decreased food consumption reported by mountain expeditions at high altitude. PMID- 3215855 TI - Regulation of hepatic glucose production in running rats studied by glucose infusion. AB - The importance of metabolic feedback regulation vs. feedforward regulation of hepatic glucose production (HGP) during exercise was investigated in rats by infusing glucose intravenously from the onset of running. Glucose infusion equaled the average exercise-induced increase from basal to steady state in HGP found in saline-infused control rats. Rats were studied at two work loads, running at 21 (series I) or 18 m/min (series II) for 35 min. Glucose turnover was measured by means of an intravenous [3H]glucose infusion. HGP was suppressed by glucose infusion corresponding to the infused amount of glucose in both series, except for late in exercise in series I, where HGP plus infused glucose tended to exceed HGP in saline-infused rats (P less than 0.10). Muscle glycogenolysis and fat metabolism were similar in both groups in the two series. Plasma glucose was never elevated, whereas insulin was, in glucose- vs. saline-infused rats of both series. Plasma catecholamines were lower in glucose- compared with saline-infused rats in series II. In conclusion, HGP is very sensitive to metabolic feedback inhibition at low exercise intensities. Feedforward control of HGP may play a role at higher work loads (series I). Exogenously supplied glucose, in moderate amounts, may replace HGP specifically without concomitant changes in mobilization of other substrates. PMID- 3215857 TI - Elastic properties of air- and liquid-filled lung parenchyma. AB - Pressure-volume measurements and the punch indentation test are used to obtain the bulk modulus (kappa) and the shear modulus (mu) of lung parenchyma of air- and liquid-filled rabbit lungs. Plots of kappa and mu vs. transpulmonary pressure obtained from these measurements indicate that there is very little difference between the elastic behavior of the air- and liquid-filled lung, suggesting that the mechanism of resisting deformation in both cases is similar. On the other hand, from plots of kappa and mu vs. lung volume, it appears that the elastic moduli are higher in the air-filled lung than in the liquid-filled lung at the same volume. These differences, referred to as kappa gamma and mu gamma, as well as the difference in transpulmonary pressures (P gamma), are presumably due to the additional elastic recoil of the air-filled lung provided by alveolar surface tension (gamma). No conclusion could be reached about the shape of the kappa gamma vs. P gamma curve. However, the mu gamma vs. P gamma relationship appears to be approximately linear, with a slope of approximately 0.5. This result agrees qualitatively with the model (T. A. Wilson and H. Bachofen, J. Appl. Physiol. 52: 1064-1070, 1982) in which the part of the parenchyma that provides P gamma is pictured as mechanically analogous to an open cell liquid foam, having mu gamma = 0.4P gamma (J. Appl. Mech. Trans. ASME 51: 229-231, 1984), but it is statistically significant only at high lung volumes. PMID- 3215856 TI - Comparative permeability of canine visceral and parietal pleura. AB - To determine the permeability of canine pleural mesothelium, visceral and intercostal parietal pleura from mongrel dogs was carefully stripped from the underlying tissue and mounted as a planar sheet in a Ussing-type chamber. The hydraulic conductivity (Lp) was determined from the rate of volume flux in response to hydrostatic pressure gradients applied to either the mucosal or serosal surface of the pleural membrane. The diffusional permeability (Pd) of radiolabeled water, sucrose, inulin, and albumin was determined under equilibrium conditions from the unidirectional tracer flux. The Lp of the visceral pleura was 0.39 +/- 0.032 (SE) X 10(-4) ml.s-1.cmH2O-1.cm-2 and that Lp of parietal pleura was 1.93 +/- 0.93 X 10(-4) ml.s-1.cmH2O-1.cm-2 (P less than 0.001). The Pd of the visceral pleura ranged from 12.21 +/- 0.45 X 10(-4) cm/s for 3H2O to 0.34 +/- 0.03 X 10(-4) cm/s for [3H]albumin. The Pd of the parietal pleura for water and sucrose was similar to that of the visceral membrane, whereas its Pd for the larger inulin and albumin molecules was greater than that of visceral pleura (P less than 0.01). A spontaneous potential difference could not be detected across either membrane. The relatively higher parietal pleural Lp and Pd for larger solutes is probably due to the presence of stomata in this membrane. These results indicate that both the parietal and the visceral pleura are extremely permeable tissues which offer little resistance to water and solute flux. PMID- 3215858 TI - Effect of hemodilution on ventilatory fluctuations of pulmonary capillary blood volume. AB - By diluting the hematocrit (Ha) in the rabbit's circulation without changing its blood volume, we found that the ventilatory-induced fluctuation (delta rho) in the density of aortic blood and Ha (which was in the range of 8-39%) are related by this linear regression: delta rho = 0.63 g/l (-0.009 + Ha). In this hemodilution experiment, the rabbits were ventilated by an intermittent positive pressure of 6 mmHg at a frequency of 30-35 cycles/min. Based on the Fahraeus effect for capillary blood flows and the dispersion of the density indicator in the rabbit's central circulation, we computed from the fluctuation of the measured density within a ventilation cycle the fluctuation of pulmonary capillary blood volume and found it to be 4.1 +/- 0.4% of the capillary blood volume for all hematocrits. Since the same fluctuation in the airway pressure was used to induce the volumetric fluctuation, its independence of Ha indicates that the hemodilution has no effect on the viscoelasticity of pulmonary capillaries. PMID- 3215859 TI - Oxygen transport to exercising leg in chronic hypoxia. AB - Residence at high altitude could be accompanied by adaptations that alter the mechanisms of O2 delivery to exercising muscle. Seven sea level resident males, aged 22 +/- 1 yr, performed moderate to near-maximal steady-state cycle exercise at sea level in normoxia [inspired PO2 (PIO2) 150 Torr] and acute hypobaric hypoxia (barometric pressure, 445 Torr; PIO2, 83 Torr), and after 18 days' residence on Pikes Peak (4,300 m) while breathing ambient air (PIO2, 86 Torr) and air similar to that at sea level (35% O2, PIO2, 144 Torr). In both hypoxia and normoxia, after acclimatization the femoral arterial-iliac venous O2 content difference, hemoglobin concentration, and arterial O2 content, were higher than before acclimatization, but the venous PO2 (PVO2) was unchanged. Thermodilution leg blood flow was lower but calculated arterial O2 delivery and leg VO2 similar in hypoxia after vs. before acclimatization. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and total peripheral resistance in hypoxia were greater after, than before, acclimatization. We concluded that acclimatization did not increase O2 delivery but rather maintained delivery via increased arterial oxygenation and decreased leg blood flow. The maintenance of PVO2 and the higher MAP after acclimatization suggested matching of O2 delivery to tissue O2 demands, with vasoconstriction possibly contributing to the decreased flow. PMID- 3215860 TI - Enzymatic estimation of skeletal muscle damage by analysis of changes in serum creatine kinase. AB - Skeletal muscle damage size (SMDS) was assessed in 35 women and 34 men runners after a 42.2-km race using a method developed for estimation of myocardial infarct size. SMDS was computed according to the following equation: SMDS = (BW) (K) (CKr), where BW is body weight, K is a constant, and CKr is the cumulative amount of creatine kinase (CK) released over time. The method takes into account CK distribution space, fractional disappearance rate of CK, proportion of CK degraded in skeletal muscle, and proportion of CK released into the circulation. Assumptions are made regarding the relative amount of CK lost from skeletal muscle into the circulation. The SMDS in men, 808 +/- 1,229 (SD) CK g-eq was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than in women, 160 +/- 147 (SD) CK g-eq. The ranges of SMDS (CK g-eq) were 23-5,397 in men and 7-624 in women. A significant difference (P less than 0.05) also remained after correction for body surface area; men 432 +/- 583 (SD), women 100 +/- 63 (SD) CK g-eq/m2. In men and women, no significant correlation existed between SMDS and age or marathon finish time. Although relatively theoretical, results indicate that greater skeletal muscle damage occurred in men vs. women runners after a marathon. Whether the release of CK from skeletal muscle is the result of irreversible and/or reversible injury has not yet been determined. PMID- 3215861 TI - Carbohydrate balance in competitive runners during successive days of intense training. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effect of intense training on muscle glycogen stores under conditions of controlled carbohydrate (CHO) intake. On two separate occasions, 10 highly trained distance runners increased their training load for 5 days (20 km/day, approximately 80% maximal O2 consumption) while eating a diet whose carbohydrate composition either equaled (EQ-CHO) or contained approximately 50% of the runner's estimated daily expenditure (LO-CHO). Total muscle glycogen levels were lower after the LO-CHO regimen. Photometric analysis of the glycogen content in individual fibers revealed that 27% type I and 17% type II fibers had optical densities less than 0.2 U after the LO-CHO regimen, whereas 7% type I and 0% type II were similarly depleted after the EQ-CHO diet. A linear relationship was observed between the histochemical and direct chemical analysis of muscle glycogen content. Treadmill O2 uptake measured at 185 and 238 m/min was higher during the LO-CHO than the EQ-CHO regimen. Ratings of perceived exertion were higher during the 238-m/min run for the LO-CHO regimen. After 3 days of rest, running economy and perception of effort returned to pretraining levels and muscle glycogen stores were approximately 85% of the pretraining values. Thus when CHO intake was only approximately 50% of the energy requirements there was a marked depletion of muscle glycogen stores, particularly in type I fibers, and a concomitant decrease in running economy and increased perception of fatigue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215863 TI - Pulmonary vascular reactivity in hyperoxic pulmonary hypertension in the rat. AB - Breathing 87% O2 for 7 days causes pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in the rat. In the isolated perfused lung of the normal and O2 exposed rat, change in pre- and postcapillary resistance was determined in response to challenge with angiotensin II (ANG II; 5, 25, and 50 micrograms) or histamine (0.5 and 1.0 microgram). In the hyperoxic lung both pre- and postcapillary resistance were increased at base line, although the latter less consistently so. In response to each agent precapillary resistance increased more than postcapillary resistance in the hyperoxic lung. In the normal lung pre- and postcapillary reactivity to histamine were similar but the latter was the greater in response to ANG II. In the hyperoxic lung only the pre- and postcapillary response to the first challenge of ANG II (5 micrograms) was greater than normal. The magnitude of the precapillary response was not related to the level of base line resistance, and this response was significantly increased in a small number of hyperoxic lungs with base-line resistance in the normal range. Tachyphylaxis occurred after the first dose of ANG II. In the hyperoxic lung only the precapillary response to 0.5 micrograms histamine was greater than normal. We conclude that exposure to hyperoxia for 7 days causes an increase in pulmonary arterial reactivity. Furthermore, the alteration in reactivity is not caused by vascular restriction. We hypothesize that it is attributable to peripheral extension of smooth muscle in alveolar wall arteries. PMID- 3215862 TI - Hypoxia increases glutathione redox cycle and protects rat lungs against oxidants. AB - Preexposure to hypoxia increased survival and lung reduced glutathione-to oxidized glutathione ratios (GSH/GSSG) and decreased pleural effusions in rats subsequently exposed to continuous hyperoxia. In addition, lungs from hypoxia preexposed rats developed less acute edematous injury (decreased lung weight gains and lung lavage albumin concentrations) than lungs from normoxia-preexposed rats when isolated and perfused with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by xanthine oxidase (XO) or glucose oxidase (GO). In contrast, when perfused with elastase or exposed to a hydrostatic left atrial pressure challenge, lungs isolated from hypoxia-preexposed rats developed the same acute edematous injury as lungs from normoxia-preexposed rats. The mechanism by which hypoxia preexposure conferred protection against H2O2 appeared to depend on hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS)-dependent increases in lung glutathione redox cycle activity. First, before perfusion with GO, lungs from hypoxia-preexposed rats had increased glutathione peroxidase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (but not catalase or glutathione reductase) activities compared with lungs from normoxia preexposed rats. Second, after perfusion with GO, lungs from hypoxia-preexposed rats had increased H2O2 reducing equivalents, as reflected by increased GSH/GSSG and NADPH/NADPH+, compared with lungs from normoxia-preexposed rats. Third, pretreatment of rats with an HMPS inhibitor, (6-aminonicotinamide) or a glutathione reductase inhibitor, [1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea] prevented hypoxia-conferred protection against H2O2-mediated acute edematous injury in isolated lungs. These findings suggest that increased detoxification of H2O2 by glutathione redox cycle and HMPS-dependent mechanisms contributes to tolerance to hyperoxia and resistance to H2O2 of lungs from hypoxia-preexposed rats. PMID- 3215864 TI - Interpretation of the krypton-81m dynamic series: the distribution of a tidal breath. AB - Lung scans during cyclic breathing of krypton-81m, an isotope with a 13-s half life, were acquired in "list mode," where both temporal and spatial information are preserved. Subjects in the left lateral decubitus position breathed with two tidal volumes at each of two frequencies. Profiles of total activity over the acquisition period were examined. They showed little effect of frequency or tidal volume on the distribution of air between dependent and non-dependent regions. Dynamic series for ensemble-averaged breaths were constructed. The regional flow per unit volume was shown to correspond to the time derivative of the regional activity of the dynamic series divided by the corresponding activity. Both the relative timing of the gas flow to different lung regions and the flow per unit volume as a function of time were obtained from the dynamic series. The dependent lung was seen to be better ventilated throughout the respiratory cycle except for brief periods at the start of inspiration and the end of expiration. Most of the dead-space gas can be construed to enter and leave the dependent lung. PMID- 3215865 TI - Abdominal muscle activity during speech production. AB - Abdominal muscle activity was investigated during resting tidal breathing and speech production in upright and supine body positions in five male and five female young adult subjects. Results showed that patterns of abdominal electromyographic (EMG) activity were highly dependent on body position. Data for resting tidal breathing resembled those of previous investigations and revealed one sex-related finding. Data for speech production indicated that the lateral region of the abdomen was highly active in the upright position and occasionally active in the supine position. In the upright position, lateral EMG levels during speech production were characterized by generally higher levels in the lower than upper lateral sites and were almost always higher than during resting tidal breathing. In the supine position, EMG levels during speech production occasionally exceeded those associated with resting tidal breathing but were substantially lower than those associated with upright speech production. Abdominal EMG activity was most prevalent during loud speech production and during speech produced at low lung volumes. Findings are discussed in relation to current knowledge of respiratory mechanics and neural control. PMID- 3215866 TI - Oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise in diabetic neuropathy. AB - To assess the effect of autonomic and sensorineural dysfunction on O2 uptake kinetics, we studied the exercise response of seven diabetic humans having peripheral sensory and cardiac autonomic neuropathy, eight diabetics without neuropathy, and eight normal subjects. Maximal O2 uptake (VO2max), ventilatory anaerobic threshold, and O2 uptake kinetics were assessed. Metabolic control was optimized 12 h prior to and during testing by intravenous insulin infusion. Patients with diabetic neuropathy had a reduced VO2max [83 +/- 6% predicted vs. 104 +/- 6% (nonneuropathic diabetics) and 107 +/- 5% (normals); P less than 0.05]. However, there was no difference in ventilatory anaerobic threshold [14.8 +/- 0.9 (neuropathic diabetics) vs. 18.0 +/- 1.0 (nonneuropathic diabetics) and 16.7 +/- 1.5 ml O2.kg-1.min-1 (normals); P greater than 0.25]. The phase I increment in O2 uptake (VO2) and estimated cardiac output and the time constant of VO2 during constant-load exercise at 40% VO2max also were similar in all groups. We propose that the instantaneous increase in VO2 and cardiac output at exercise onset in diabetes with impaired neurogenic reflexes is caused primarily by mechanical and metabolic events in exercising muscle that cause venous compression and vasodilation. PMID- 3215867 TI - Type II pneumocyte changes during hyperoxic lung injury and recovery. AB - Adult rabbits exposed to 100% O2 for 64 h and then returned to room air for up to 200 h, develop a lung injury characterized by decreased levels of alveolar surfactant followed by a rebound recovery. In the present study we isolated alveolar type II cells from rabbits at various times during hyperoxic exposure and recovery and measured rates of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis, cellular lipid content, and the specific activity of glycerol 3-phosphate (G-3-P) acyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes one of the early reactions in phosphoglyceride biosynthesis. These biochemical parameters were compared with measurements of cell size and cell cycle phase by laser flow cytometry. Results showed that alterations in alveolar phospholipid levels in vivo correlated consistently with cellular lipid metabolic changes measured in isolated type II pneumocytes. In particular, alveolar pneumocytes isolated from lungs of rabbits exposed to 100% O2 for 64 h exhibited a 60% decrease in PC synthesis, cell lipid content, and G-3-P acyltransferase activity. All variables then followed a pattern of recovery to normal and ultimately supranormal levels beginning at approximately 3 days postexposure, at which point there was also a measured increase in the number of type II cells in S phase. These findings suggest that O2-induced changes in type II cell surfactant biosynthesis may account, at least in part, for observed changes in lung phospholipid levels in vivo. PMID- 3215868 TI - Coexistence of twitch potentiation and tetanic force decline in rat hindlimb muscle. AB - An experimental protocol designed to assess fatigability in motor units has been applied to two hindlimb muscles of anesthetized adult rats to study the effects of whole-muscle fatigue on the isometric twitch. Both soleus and extensor digitorum longus exhibited a linear relationship between fatigability (i.e., force decline after a 360-s fatigue test) and the magnitude of the twitch force following the fatigue test. Twitch force after the fatigue test was potentiated (i.e., greater than the value before the fatigue test) in many muscles, despite the development of considerable fatigue. This coexistence of fatigue and twitch potentiation was observed in 7% (5/70) of soleus and 48% (31/64) of extensor digitorum longus muscles. The coexistence was exhibited only by the least fatigable muscles of the fast-contracting extensor digitorum longus. The extensor digitorum longus muscles that did not exhibit twitch potentiation probably experienced a higher proportion of muscle-fiber inactivation, such as due to failure of neuromuscular propagation, that was induced by the fatigue regimen. PMID- 3215869 TI - Maximal aerobic capacity at several ambient concentrations of CO at several altitudes. AB - To assess the nature of the combined effect of the hypoxias of altitude (ALT) and CO exposure, 11 men and 12 women nonsmokers served as subjects in a double-blind experiment. The exposure conditions were four ambient CO levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm) at each of four ALT (55, 1,524, 2,134, and 3,048 m). Each subject, after attaining the required ALT and ambient CO level, performed a maximal aerobic capacity test (VO2max). Blood samples were obtained before, at 50-W, 100-W, 150 W, and maximum work loads and at the 5th min of recovery. Blood were analyzed for hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma proteins, lactates, and carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO). VO2max was similar at 55 and 1,524 m and decreased by 4 and 8% from the 55-m value at 2,134 and 3,048 m, respectively. On the basis of all statistical analyses, we concluded that VO2max values measured in men were only slightly diminished due to increased ambient CO. HbCO attained at maximum was highest at 55 m and lowest at 3,048 m. Women's HbCO concentrations were lower than men's. At maximal work loads CO shifted into extravascular spaces and returned to the vascular space within 5 min after exercise stopped. The independence of altitude and CO hypoxias on parameters of the maximum aerobic capacity test and a decrease in the CO to HbCO uptake with increasing altitude were demonstrated and attributed in part to the decrease in driving pressure of CO at altitude. PMID- 3215870 TI - Effect of occluded venous return on core temperature during cold water immersion. AB - Recent studies using inanimate and animal models suggest that the afterdrop observed upon rewarming from hypothermia is based entirely on physical laws of heat flow without involvement of the returning cooled blood from the limbs. During the investigation of thermoregulatory responses to cold water immersion (15 degrees C), blood flow to the limbs (minimized by the effects of hydrostatic pressure and vasoconstriction) was occluded in 17 male subjects (age, 29.0 +/- 3.3 yr). Comparisons of rectal (Tre) and esophageal temperature (Tes) responses were made during the 5 min before occlusion, during the 10-min occlusion period, and for 5 min immediately after the release of the cuffs (postocclusion). In the preocclusion phase, Tre and Tes showed similar cooling rates. The occlusion of blood flow to the extremities significantly arrested the cooling of Tes (P less than 0.05) with little effect on Tre. Upon release of the pressure cuffs, the returning extremity blood flow resulted in an increased rate of cooling, that was three times greater at the esophageal site (-0:149 +/- 0.052 vs. -0.050 +/- 0.026 degrees C.min-1). These results suggest that the cooled peripheral circulation, minimized during cold water immersion, may dramatically affect esophageal temperature and the complete neglect of the circulatory component to the afterdrop phenomenon is not warranted. PMID- 3215871 TI - Respiratory enthalpy changes in mine rescue workers exercising under heat stress. AB - Respiratory enthalpy change, rectal temperature, and heart rate of mine rescue workers exercising at a metabolic energy production rate of 4 met (1 met-58.15 W.m-2) in a 40 degrees C saturated environment, wearing closed-circuit breathing apparatus, were continuously measured in 10 volunteer subjects. The effects of using liquid O2 and compressed O2 apparatus were compared in each subject. Evaporative heat exchange was much greater with the liquid O2 type of apparatus, causing a significantly lower rate of rise of rectal temperature and heart rate. Convective heat exchange was negligible. Mean values for evaporative heat loss (maximum) were 61 +/- 16 (SD) W with liquid O2 and 20 +/- 18 W with compressed O2 (P less than 0.0001, 2-sided t test). Mean values for rectal temperature (rate of increase) were 0.022 +/- 0.009 (SD) degrees C.min-1 for liquid O2 and 0.036 +/- 0.015 degrees C.min-1 for compressed O2 (P less than 0.005, 2-sided paired t test). Mean values for heart rate (rate of increase) were 2.64 +/- 0.74 (SD) min 2 for liquid O2 and 3.27 +/- 0.89 min-2 for compressed O2 (P less than 0.02, 2 sided paired t test). This study quantifies, for the first time, the respiratory enthalpy change in exercising heat-stressed mine rescue workers and shows, from a physiological point of view, that the liquid O2 apparatus is clearly superior to the compressed O2 apparatus. PMID- 3215873 TI - Targeted resistive ventilatory muscle training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - To overcome the problem of altered breathing strategy during resistive ventilatory muscle training (VMT), we used a single-orifice inspiratory resistance together with a target feedback device (TFD) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a preliminary study (study A), we showed that the resistance plus TFD was effective in controlling breathing strategy. We subsequently used the resistor plus TFD in a 5-wk study (study B) of VMT in 17 COPD patients who were randomized into high-intensity (HI) and low-intensity (LI) training groups. Compared with the LI group, the HI group showed significant increases in static maximal inspiratory pressure (21.3 vs. 5.0 cmH2O), maximal sustained ventilatory capacity (MSVC, 3.2 vs -0.1 l/min, sustained maximal mouth pressure (12.1 vs. 0.6 cmH2O), mean mouth pressure (6.9 vs. 3.9 cmH2O), peak inspiratory flow rate (12.3 vs. 4.0 l/min), and maximal sustained work rate (12.2 vs. 4.2 cmH2O.l-1.min-1). We conclude that targeted VMT with control of breathing strategy improves both ventilatory muscle strength and endurance. PMID- 3215872 TI - Effects of atropine in ponies with recurrent airway obstruction. AB - The effects of atropine on lung function and airway reactivity in two groups of ponies were measured. Principal ponies had a history of recurrent airway obstruction when housed in a barn and fed hay; control ponies had no history of airway obstruction. Principal and control ponies were paired, and measurements were made when principal ponies were in clinical remission (period A) and during an acute attack of airway obstruction (period B). Atropine did not alter pulmonary resistance (RL), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), or airway responsiveness in either group of ponies at period A or in the controls at period B. In principal ponies at period B, atropine did not alter Cdyn or the concentration of aerosol histamine required to decrease Cdyn to 65% of base line (ED65Cdyn) but reduced RL and the change in RL induced by 0.1 mg/ml histamine (delta RL0.1). It is likely that the latter observation was due to geometric changes in the airways, because the change in RL and in delta RL0.1 were significantly correlated. The results of this study show little resting bronchomotor tone in normal ponies, but a major portion of the increase in RL in principals at period B is mediated via muscarinic receptors. Little evidence exists for muscarinic receptor involvement in the response to aerosol histamine in either principal or control ponies. PMID- 3215874 TI - Airway responsiveness to inhaled and intravenous carbachol in sheep: effect of airway mucus. AB - Excessive airway mucus can alter both the mass and site of aerosol deposition, which, in turn, may affect airway responsiveness to inhaled materials. In six prone sheep, we therefore measured pulmonary airflow resistance (RL) and cumulative aerosol deposition during five standard breaths (AD5) at base line and 3 min after inhalation challenge with 2% carbachol in buffered saline (10 breaths, tidal volume = 500 ml) or after an intravenous loading dose of carbachol (3 micrograms/kg) followed by a constant infusion of 0.3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 with and without instillation of 20 ml of a mucus simulant (MS) into the distal end of each of the main bronchi or 30 ml of MS into the right main bronchus only by means of a flexible fiber-optic bronchoscope. Before carbachol challenge, RL did not change with MS into either both lungs or one lung only. AD5 increased from 36 +/- 2% (SE) before to 42 +/- 2% after MS instillation into both lungs (P less than 0.05) but remained unchanged after MS into one lung. After carbachol inhalation, RL increased significantly by 154 +/- 20 before and 126 +/- 25% after MS into both lungs and 162 +/- 24 before and 178 +/- 31% after MS into one lung (P less than 0.05). When the percent increase in RL was normalized for total aerosol deposition (% delta RL/AD5), the normalized values were lower after MS (3.0 +/- 0.5) than before MS (4.4 +/- 0.3) into both lungs (P less than 0.05) but were not significantly different before and after MS into the right lung only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3215875 TI - Effect of aortic arterial catheterization on tissue glycogen content. AB - Measurements of hemodynamics and blood metabolites in rats are often made by insertion of a small polyethylene (PE-50) catheter into the aorta via the carotid artery. Although the effect of this type of procedure on animal body weight has been described, little information exists regarding the quantitative and temporal effects of this procedure on liver and skeletal muscle glycogen concentration. Relative to the control group (group C), liver glycogen concentration was reduced by 56% 24 h after catheterization (group CN). With respect to liver glycogen concentration, it was apparent that a postcatheterization recovery period of variable duration (2-8 days; group CNR) based on attainment of a normal food consumption-to-body weight ratio (FdWt/BdWt) was more effective than was a fixed 6-day recovery period (group CN6). This was probably due to the large between animal variability in recovery times required to reach normal FdWt/BdWt values. After aortic catheterization, FdWt/BdWt was a reasonable predictor of postprocedural liver (y = 2,601x + 43.9; r = 0.72; P less than 0.01) and diaphragm muscle glycogen concentration (y = 146.3x + 14.0; r = 0.57; P less than 0.05). Aortic catheterization did not affect the glycogen concentration in the other skeletal muscles examined. Since the results of certain types of experiments can be significantly influenced by liver glycogen concentration, the use of FdWt/BdWt on 24-h food intake as a general indicator of recovery after instrumentation via aortic catheterization is proposed. PMID- 3215876 TI - Breathing response of the fetal sheep to CO2. PMID- 3215877 TI - Cluster analytic identification of autistic preschoolers. AB - Cluster analysis was performed on factor analytic symptom profiles obtained from the Achenbach CBCL for a clinical sample of 204 3- to 5-year-old boys containing 79 autistic and autistic-like children. Patterns of results across 2-, 3-, 4-, 5 , and 6-cluster solutions are presented. Clustering identified an autistic group as soon as three clusters were formed. As more clusters were obtained, this autistic cluster was subdivided according to presence/absence of anxiety and level of functioning. Other clusters included an emotional/behavioral disorder group, with some differentiation into Externalizing and Internalizing clusters, and a group of relatively normal children with few symptoms. PMID- 3215878 TI - Reduced P3 amplitude of the event-related brain potential: its relationship to language ability in autism. AB - Several studies have found that P3 amplitude of the auditory event-related potential is smaller in autistic than in normal children. The present study investigated whether this characteristic bears any relationship to the degree of language impairment and/or level of intellectual ability of autistic persons. Seventeen autistic children, ranging from 8-19 years of age, and 17 age- and gender-matched normal children participated. Event-related potentials to phonetic ("Da") and chord (piano) stimuli were recorded from three scalp locations: vertex (Cz), right hemisphere (RH), and left hemisphere (LH), during a discrimination task. A battery of language tests was given to autistic children. Compared to normal subjects, autistic subjects showed a significantly smaller P3 amplitude to phonetic stimuli for Cz and LH recording sites. However, no group difference in P3 amplitude to the phonetic stimulus was found for the RH. Furthermore, no group differences in P3 amplitude were found for the chord stimulus at any recording site. Impaired language ability was related to greater RH P3 amplitude, particularly to the chord stimulus. The possibility of differential hemispheric involvement in the attentional deficits of autistic children is raised. PMID- 3215879 TI - A study of intellectual abilities in high-functioning people with autism. AB - This research extends previous research regarding the intellectual functioning of autistic individuals on standardized measures of intelligence (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised). In Study I 33 individuals with autism who closely fit the DSM-III criteria were studied. Clear evidence was found that differentiates these individuals' verbal intellectual processes from their visual-motor intellectual abilities. Principal components analysis was used to examine the interrelationship among the various intellectual abilities which such tests of intelligence measure. In Study II the intellectual abilities of a group of autistic 8- to 12-year-olds were compared to age-matched groups of children with receptive developmental language disorder, dysthymic disorder, or oppositional disorder. The intellectual abilities of autistic children were significantly different from the other groups of children. PMID- 3215880 TI - Producing speech use in nonverbal autistic children by reinforcing attempts. AB - It has been extremely difficult to teach speech to severely handicapped nonverbal autistic children. However, an overview of the literature suggests the possibility that selecting aspects of motivation as a central target behavior, rather than concentrating on motor speech production per se, may improve the effectiveness of teaching speech to these children. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to compare two different reinforcement conditions; one in which successive motor approximations of speech sounds were reinforced; and a "motivation" condition in which attempts to produce speech sounds were reinforced, without any motor shaping of speech. The results, replicated within a repeated reversal disign, showed that reinforcing speech attempts was more effective than reinforcing motor speech sounds with respect to (a) the children's interest, enthusiasm, happiness, and general behavior during treatment; and (b) improvements in the children's speech production. The results are discussed in terms of their relationship to the literature on normal parent-child speech interaction, success and failure, and learned helplessness. PMID- 3215881 TI - Serotonin and measured intelligence. AB - Blood serotonin (5HT) has been shown to be elevated in 30% of autistic children and 50% of severely mentally retarded children. Ninety-eight normal adult subjects were studied to determine if there was an inverse relationship between whole blood 5HT in normal adults of average and above-average intelligence. There was a trend toward a negative correlation between whole blood 5HT and Vocabulary scores that would not account for hyperserotonemia in autistic or mentally retarded individuals. Female subjects had significantly greater whole blood 5HT than male subjects. There was no difference in whole blood 5HT collected before and after volume depletion of 450 ml, providing further evidence of the intraindividual stability of whole blood serotonin levels. There was no relationship between age and whole blood 5HT in a group of normal adult subjects. PMID- 3215882 TI - Measuring musical responsiveness in autistic children: a comparative analysis of improvised musical tone sequences of autistic, normal, and mentally retarded individuals. AB - This study provided a systematic analysis of improvised tone sequences of autistic children, as compared to musical improvisations by normal and mentally retarded control subjects. The data indicate that autistic children's tone patterns, analyzed and scored for rhythm, restriction, complexity, rule adherence, and originality, almost reached the scores of normal children. The highest individual total score in the study was achieved by an autistic child. Autistic children scored significantly higher than a control group of mentally retarded individuals. The autistic children's tone sequences showed high scores on the rhythm, restriction, and originality scales which support the notion of unusual musical responsiveness and abilities when compared to results in other performance and behavioral areas. In terms of complexity and rule adherence, autistic children's tone sequences resembled those of the mentally retarded by being rather short and repetitive. PMID- 3215883 TI - A comparison of obstetrical records of autistic and nonautistic referrals for psychoeducational evaluations. AB - Heretofore most studies dealing with the association between perinatal complications and autism have used a normal comparison group. In this study obstetrical records of 59 autistic children were compared to those of 28 nonautistic children whose intelligence has a similar range and distribution as the autistic sample. Using an optimality score to reflect number of obstetrical complications, we found that the nonautistic controls experienced less optimal conditions than the autistic sample. Abnormal presentation at birth is the only factor that occurred more frequently for the autistic sample than control sample. PMID- 3215885 TI - Correlation of family history with specific autistic subgroups: Asperger's syndrome and bipolar affective disease. AB - The etiology of infantile autism is not known. To assess the possible role of familial psychopathology, we investigated a group of autistic subjects subgrouped by level of language function. Family histories were obtained by the family history method. Neurological status was assessed by neurological diagnostic examination and prenatal and perinatal history. The results showed a high incidence of Asperger's syndrome in family members of high-functioning autistic subjects only. The rate of bipolar affective disorder in family members was 4.2%, higher than in the general population; it was significantly higher in families with Asperger's syndrome, suggesting an etiological link between Asperger's syndrome and manic depression. Positive neurological findings were concentrated in the low-functioning subgroup. These findings imply different etiologies for high- versus low-functioning autism, with high-functioning autism related to familial factors, especially Asperger's syndrome. PMID- 3215884 TI - Urinary free and conjugated catecholamines and metabolites in autistic children. AB - Urinary catecholamines (DA, NE, E) and their main metabolites (HVA, DOPAC, MHPG) were analyzed both as free and conjugates in eight children diagnosed as autistic according to DSM-III criteria and eight normal children. Significant differences appeared for the urinary excretion of both DA and NE and their respective metabolites: Autistic children showed low DA, high HVA, high NE, low MHPG urinary levels. These results are consistent with previous findings on altered catecholamine metabolism in autistic children. They suggest that autistic behaviors might be related to an abnormal functional imbalance among monoamines either at a molecular level or at a system level. Furthermore, they emphasize the special interest of urinary assays in pediatric research. PMID- 3215886 TI - Visual memory processes in high-functioning individuals with autism. AB - High-functioning autistic individuals were compared with age-matched normal control subjects on a visual recognition memory task. In order to evaluate the effects of "meaning" and "delay" on the visual memory of autistic individuals, meaningful (pictures) and meaningless (nonsense shapes) stimuli were presented visually in no delay and 1-minute delay intervals to both groups. It was concluded that autistic subjects perform particularly poorly on meaningless material, but they are able to utilize meaning to aid their visual memory. Contrary to expectations, 1-minute delay intervals did not differentially affect the visual memory performance of autistic individuals compared to control subjects. The results do not support the idea of a simple parallel between autism and mediotemporal lobe amnesias. The visual memory performance of the autistic subjects was discussed in the light of the possibility of a subtle involvement of the mediotemporal brain structures and inflexible cognitive strategies poorly suited to encode novel information. PMID- 3215887 TI - Effects of fenfluramine on social behavior in autistic children. AB - Deficit in social interaction is a primary component of infantile autism. However, in the majority of drug studies, social interaction has not been measured consistently over time. Therefore, we examined, in a crossover design, the effect of fenfluramine on the social interactions of seven autistic children. Social interaction was measured one to three times per week, while the children were in open placebo, placebo, or drug phases of the study. The results demonstrated that the effect of fenfluramine on social interaction was inconsistent across children, with two children possibly demonstrating a tolerance to the behavioral effects of the drug. The results are discussed with respect to genetic and pharmacologic factors. PMID- 3215889 TI - Word fluency in high-functioning autistic children. AB - The performance of a group of seven high-functioning autistic children on tests of word fluency was compared with that of controls of similar age and vocabulary level. The two groups performed equally well when generating words in response to familiar category cues. However, autistic children performed significantly less well than controls when generating miscellaneous words. Results are discussed in relation to semantic organization and memory in autism. PMID- 3215888 TI - Comparison of response prompting procedures in teaching numeral identification to autistic subjects. AB - This investigation compared the effectiveness and efficiency (sessions, trials, percentage of errors, direct instructional time through criterion, and incidental information learned) of constant time delay and system of least prompts in teaching students with autism to name numerals. Two sessions were provided each day; one with constant time delay and one with system of least prompts. Two students learned 16 numerals, and one student did not learn any numerals with these two procedures. The parallel treatments design was used to assess the effects of the two instructional strategies. The results indicate that both procedures were effective in raising responding to criterion levels for two subjects. The constant time-delay procedure was more efficient than the system of least prompts procedure in terms of sessions, trials, percentage of errors, and direct instructional time through criterion. No differences in efficiency were found for the measure of incidental information learned. PMID- 3215890 TI - Maternal speech to verbal and higher functioning versus nonverbal and lower functioning autistic children. AB - The relationship between autistic children's level of functioning and maternal speech to children was examined. Ten higher functioning verbal and 10 lower functioning nonverbal children were videotaped in a 15-minute interaction with their mothers. Results revealed that mothers of the higher functioning verbal children asked more questions, used more language modeling, gave more reinforcement for language, and answered more children-initiated questions than did mothers of the lower functioning nonverbal children. Mothers of the nonverbal children employed more directives, used shorter mean lengths of utterance, and reinforced their children's motoric rather than spoken behavior. Far from being poor models for linguistic behavior, mothers of autistic children appear, therefore, to be quite responsive to their children's relative capabilities. PMID- 3215891 TI - The functions of immediate echolalia in autistic children: a developmental perspective. AB - This study examined differences in the use of immediate echolalia by autistic children at different stages of language development. Eighteen autistic children, aged 4 to 12 years, were videotaped in play sessions with a parent and with an examiner. Data were collected on frequency of echolalia, percentage of language that was echolalic, functions of echolalia (Prizant & Duchan, 1981), chronological age, nonverbal mental age, and language level. Frequency of immediate echolalia varied with expressive language level but not with nonverbal mental age or chronological age. The percentage of language that was echolalic was high at early stages of language development but decreased as language skills improved. No significant relationships were found between number of functions and language level, chronological age, or nonverbal mental age. Although coding of functions was reliable, the validity of functional categories for echolalia was not strongly supported. Implications for autistic language development and for methodology in this area are discussed. PMID- 3215892 TI - Sentence comprehension strategies in children with autism and specific language disorders. AB - Two groups of children with language disorders--one group with autism and one with relatively specific language impairment (LI)--and two groups of normal children matched to the disordered groups for mental and receptive language age were asked to act out a series of sentences. Half the experimental sentences were in active voice, and half were the same sentences given in passive voice. Within each set, events described in the sentences were probable, neutral, or improbable. Results revealed that the autistic group made little use of a semantically based probable event strategy for acting out sentences, but were likely to use a syntactically based word order strategy. The LI group was no more likely than the autistic group to use the semantic strategy, and was equally likely to use word order. Both groups resembled normals matched for receptive language age. PMID- 3215893 TI - Search for DNA markers in two autistic males with the fragile X syndrome. PMID- 3215895 TI - Undergraduate education about autism. PMID- 3215894 TI - The communicative role of a highly frequent repeated utterance in the conversations of an autistic boy. PMID- 3215897 TI - [Radiologic measuring of adenoid vegetations in children. What significance should we accord it?]. PMID- 3215896 TI - [Comparative study of screen-film combinations used in conventional radiography]. PMID- 3215898 TI - Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the spine: a rare location? Report of four cases. PMID- 3215899 TI - [Potential role of peritumoral vascular modifications on the peripheral enhancement of dynamic computerized radiography of hepatic metastases]. PMID- 3215900 TI - [Breast cancer following treatment of Hodgkin disease. Apropos of 2 case reports]. PMID- 3215901 TI - Computed tomographic detection of a spontaneous mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 3215902 TI - Extensive lytic bone lesions in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3215903 TI - Light-induced conductivity changes of purple membrane suspensions in strong electrolytes. AB - Measurements have been made of the modulated light-induced changes in conductivity and the associated relaxation times of bacteriorhodopsin in a variety of strong electrolytes, both unbuffered and buffered. The effects of pH and temperature variation have been studied as well as the effect of adding valinomycin. Two relaxation times can be distinguished: a fast lifetime associated with protonation-deprotonation, and a slow lifetime associated with ion binding. The ion-binding effects appear to be cation specific. PMID- 3215904 TI - Effect of chemical modification in situ on L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in brown adipose tissue mitochondria. AB - Mitochondrial L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.99.5.) was studied by chemical modification in situ with different amino acid side chain specific reagents in mitochondria isolated from hamster brown adipose tissue. The SH modifying reagents have only slight effect on the enzyme activity. The most effective chemicals were tetranitromethane and diazobenzene sulfonic acid. The enzyme activity can be abolished completely by both of them. In the presence of Ca2+ and/or glycerol-3-phosphate inhibition was greater at the same electrophilic reagent concentration. The effect of Ca2+ and glycerol-3-phosphate is nonadditive on inhibition by these reagents. PMID- 3215905 TI - Permeability of a heparin-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel to thrombin and antithrombin III. AB - The diffusivities of thrombin and antithrombin III in a heparin-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel were estimated and used to demonstrate that diffusion limits the effectiveness of the immobilized heparin in the interior of such hydrogels. Diffusivities were calculated from permeabilities and partition coefficients measured with films in a diffusion chamber apparatus. The diffusion coefficients were estimated to be 6 +/- 4 X 10(-8) cm2/s for thrombin and 4 +/- 2 X 10(-8) cm2/s for antithrombin III in 10% gel membranes with or without immobilized heparin. Using the diffusivity of thrombin and a Thiele-type modulus, the effectiveness factor of a spherical heparin-PVA bead used to accelerate the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III was found to be 4-9% (diameter range 250-150 micron). While indicating that diffusion of thrombin limited the full utilization of the immobilized heparin, these values for the effectiveness factor could not completely account for the low apparent heparin activity (0.2%) in a thrombin time test of heparin-PVA "beads" (J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 17, 359 (1983]. Other factors such as the immobilization chemistry or the diffusion of thrombin-antithrombin III complex must be considered for a full explanation of the thrombin time results. PMID- 3215906 TI - The hydrolytic stability of Mitrathane (a polyurethane urea)--an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study. AB - The hydrolytic stability of microporous Mitrathane polyetherurethane urea vascular prostheses has been evaluated at pH 7 and pH 9, at 37 degrees, 60 degrees, and 80 degrees C for time periods of up to 968 days. Mechanical strength was evaluated using a hydrodynamic burst test and surface chemical changes by x ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The samples held at 80 degrees C showed the greatest mechanical strength loss which corresponded to the hydrolysis of the urethane groups. It was concluded that the gross in vivo surface degradation of Mitrathane prostheses, observed after six months, could not have been caused by simple chemical hydrolysis alone, as the polymer was found to be stable at 37 degrees C for at least 11 months. PMID- 3215907 TI - Effect of particle size on the in vitro and in vivo degradation rates of poly(DL lactide-co-glycolide) microcapsules. AB - Three different sieve size fractions of ergot-containing biodegradable microcapsules were examined both in vitro and in vivo. The sieve sizes and average particle diameter, (micron), were: less than 45-75 (mean = 30); 75-106 (mean = 79); 106-177 (mean = 130). These microcapsules contained ca. 9% drug and were produced from 50:50 poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide). The objective was to determine the effect of particle size on in vivo and in vitro degradation rates. The microcapsules were injected into rat gastrocnemius muscle and excised and examined at various time points up to 70 days. Initially a minimal tissue response was noted which was characterized by a sharply localized acute inflammatory reaction. Following this, connective tissue and foreign body giant cells engulfed the microcapsules at 20-30 days. Only vestiges of the microcapsules were found surrounded by minimal connective tissue and foreign body giant cells after 60-70 days. The tissue reaction was a minimal, sharply localized foreign body giant cell and connective tissue process for all three size groups of microcapsules. The largest microcapsules (mean = 130 microns) exhibited a slightly greater tendency to undergo in vivo and in vitro degradation relative to the other groups. However, it can be concluded that over the microcapsule size ranges examined minimal differences in the degradation properties of the polymeric matrices and consequently those of the microcapsules were noted. PMID- 3215908 TI - Time trends in inequalities in health. PMID- 3215909 TI - Effect of famine on fertility in a rural area of Bangladesh. PMID- 3215910 TI - Aspects of fertility in Suva, Fiji. PMID- 3215911 TI - Maternal age at last birth in Egypt. PMID- 3215912 TI - Contraception after childbirth in Thailand. PMID- 3215913 TI - Inbreeding levels in Khartoum. PMID- 3215914 TI - The effect of migration on maximum opportunity for selection. PMID- 3215915 TI - Changing determinants of infant and child mortality: on the basis of the Korean experience, 1955-73. PMID- 3215917 TI - Bedtimes and sleep duration in relation to smoking behaviour in 14-year-old English schoolchildren. PMID- 3215916 TI - Hepatitis B and the sex ratio at birth: a comparative analysis of four populations. PMID- 3215918 TI - Monozygotic female twins with autism and the fragile-X syndrome (AFRAX). AB - Identical female twins with the combination of infantile autism, mild-moderate mental retardation and the fragile-X (q27.3) chromosome abnormality are described. The case report highlights the need for chromosomal cultures in both boys and girls presenting with the "Kanner syndrome". PMID- 3215920 TI - Motor response processing in clumsy children. AB - Twelve clumsy children and 12 controls executed a four choice reaction time task in two compatibility conditions and three precue conditions. The experimental results indicated that the cognitive decision process of response selection contributed to the slow but not to the inaccurate performance of clumsy children. Clumsy children, compared with controls, had more problems with the translation of the stimulus code (s) to the response code (r) when this translation required more transformations. Response selection is a cognitive process that is likely to be important for deficits in perceptual-motor skills. PMID- 3215919 TI - Children with schizophrenia spectrum and depressive disorders: a comparative study of premorbid adjustment, onset pattern and severity of impairment. AB - Premorbid adjustment, onset patterns, and severity of impairment were examined in 66 child psychiatric inpatients with diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, major depression, and dysthymic disorder. When compared to children with depressive disorders, schizophrenic and schizotypal children showed poorer premorbid adjustments, lower IQs, greater impairment at hospitalization, and more chronic dysfunctions. Similar developmental patterns were found for children with schizophrenic and schizotypal disorders, and for children with major depression and dysthymic disorders. The findings underscore the severe impairment in social adaptation shown by schizophrenic and schizotypal children and the relatively good premorbid adjustments of most depressed children. PMID- 3215921 TI - A comparison of two approaches to the treatment of nocturnal enuresis and the prediction of effectiveness using pre-treatment variables. AB - This study compared the effectiveness of the enuresis alarm alone with a brief version of Dry Bed Training in treating 74 enuretic children. Both procedures were equally effective, and in the total sample a better response to treatment was predicted by the child's report of being teased by siblings. Maternal anger was associated with a greater drop-out rate. PMID- 3215922 TI - Children who kill: a case study of matricide. AB - Only a small number of children who murder have been reported in the literature. Matricide in particular is infrequently mentioned. The examination and treatment of a 9-yr-old boy who intentionally killed his mother is presented. No severe family conflicts or other psychogenic factors which could explain the action were found. Apart from some indications of possible epilepsy in the EEG (not confirmed clinically) no somatic pathology was verified. During one year's stay in the child psychiatric department after the homicide the boy was psychotic, probably suffering from a schizophrenic disorder which is presumed to have developed in the years preceding the matricide. PMID- 3215923 TI - Anger, perceived control and school behavior among students with learning problems. AB - With regard to students with learning problems, findings indicate that the more severe the learning problem, the greater the tendency toward anger in response to conflicts at school. The relationship between learning problem severity and perceptions of control at school was not significant, but anger was negatively correlated to perceived control. None of the variables were significantly related to misbehavior. A stepwise regression analysis indicated perceived control as the most potent single variable accounting for the variance in anger scores. Overall, findings highlight implications for work focused on reactions to learning problems and factors associated with their cause and correction. PMID- 3215924 TI - Aspects of structure and content of maternal talk with infants. AB - Content of maternal talk in six mother-infant dyads was used to determine whether mothers timed their talk to infants as they would when conversing with an adult. Results indicated that maternal talk of an informative nature (Type 1 acts) tended to follow a brief intervening interval of silence, while maternal talk containing little or no information (Type 2 acts) tended to occur when the mothers "talked with" (covocalized with) their infants. In addition, there was a significant trend for the overall proportion of Type 1 acts to increase over infant age. These findings support the view that, during mother-infant engagements, mothers behave like sophisticated conversational partners. PMID- 3215925 TI - Lateral preferences in preschool children: a research note. AB - A performance battery for the assessment of hand, foot, eye and ear preference was administered to a sample of 271 4-, 5- and 6-yr-old children. Results indicate that right side preferences are present for all the indexes, though to different extents. Analysis of congruency between indexes shows a significant concordance between hand-foot and eye-ear. No age or sex differences were obtained, indicating that lateral preferences are well established at the age of 3 and that no association between lateral preference and sex is to be found. PMID- 3215926 TI - Measurement of beta-carbolines by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - A method using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of beta-carboline compounds norharman, harman, norharmol, and harmol in lung. Aqueous derivatization with acetic anhydride was used to facilitate the isolation and separation of the phenolic compounds and to reduce the fluorescence background of the biological samples. Harman was identified and quantitated in rat lung (1.88 +/- 0.55 ng/g) using this method and its identity confirmed by means of gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. PMID- 3215927 TI - Determination of picogram amounts of lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4 by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A new method for the determination of lipoxins with electrochemical detection after high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The half-wave potentials of lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4 at a glassy carbon electrode and a mobile phase of methanol-water (65:35 v/v) and 1 mM trifluoroacetic acid was found to be +1.14 V versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The use of trifluoroacetic acid instead of sulphuric acid and lithium perchlorate led to a background current of 6-8 nA at +1.20 V. The detection limits for both lipoxins, based on a signal-to noise ratio of 3:1 were found to be 5-10 pg (15-30 fmol). The new method was applied to an extract of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes, preincubated with 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and stimulated with Ca2+ ionophore A23187. PMID- 3215928 TI - Effects of differences in charge and hydrophobicity of surface amino acids of hemoglobins on high-performance gel-permeation chromatography. AB - We studied the elution properties of the carboxy and deoxy forms of hemoglobins A, S, and C in gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography using TSK GEL-SW-type columns. Since these hemoglobins have the same molecular mass but different amino acids at the beta 6 position, they are ideal for studies of the effect of charge and hydrophobicity on elution patterns in high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Although there was a linear relationship between elution volume and logarithm of molecular mass of various proteins, the elution volumes of carboxyhemoglobins were found to be slightly greater than the expected volumes calculated from the molecular mass. The elution volumes of hemoglobins increased in the order of hemoglobins F, A, C, and S in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at room temperature. The elution volume of these hemoglobins was also dependent on pH and salt concentration. These results indicate that elution of these hemoglobins was affected by the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between hemoglobin molecules and polar sites of silica gel (with silanol groups) of the resin matrix of TSK-G2000-SW. This study may serve as a useful reference for separation and determination of molecular masses of proteins in the native state using gel-permeation liquid chromatography. PMID- 3215929 TI - Study of the mechanism of the photochemical oxidation of bilirubin by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The photochemical degradation of bilirubin was studied in vitro using high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. Attention was centered on the formation of biliverdin, which is produced as an intermediate in the photooxidation catalysed by riboflavin. approximate values of the overall and partial relative rate constants were calculated using the physiochemical criteria for a pseudo-monomolecular reaction. A more precise evaluation was made by non linear regression programmes on a Hewlett-Packard 9835 A computer. In addition to the formation of biliverdin, attention was also paid to accompanying processes affecting the reaction mechanism, which were explained as aggregation and dimerization of bilirubin and biliverdin. It was also found that during phototherapy of newborn babies suffering from hyperbilirubinaemia the level of biliverdin in the plasma increased. The results are discussed from the point of view of phototherapy. PMID- 3215930 TI - Simultaneous quantitation of buspirone and 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine in human plasma and urine by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Buspirone and a buspirone metabolite, 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine (1-PP), are extracted from matrix using C18 extraction columns. The metabolite and its internal standard (d4-1-PP) are derivatized with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride to the corresponding amides. The 1-PP derivatives, buspirone and the buspirone internal standard (5-fluorobuspirone) are co-chromatographed. Chromatography and detection are performed using capillary gas chromatography with a fused-silica column and selected-ion monitoring-mass spectrometry. Linear range of the standard curves in plasma is 0.1-14 ng/ml for buspirone and 0.2-25 ng/ml for 1-PP with lower limits of quantitation of 0.1 and 0.2 ng/ml, respectively. In urine the linear range of the standard curves is 0.2-14 ng/ml for buspirone and 8-500 ng/ml for 1-PP with lower limits of quantitation of 0.2 and 8.0 ng/ml, respectively. Intra-assay accuracies were within 14% for buspirone and 1-PP in plasma and urine. Intra-assay precision was within 12% for both compounds in both matrices. PMID- 3215931 TI - Determination of methyl ethyl ketone and its metabolites in urine using capillary gas chromatography. AB - A method is described for the determination of the concentration of methyl ethyl ketone and its metabolites: 2-butanol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and the meso- and d,l isomers of 2,3-butanediol in urine. The analytes were isolated from urine by solid-phase extraction and analysed by capillary gas chromatography. The recovery rates were 50-70% for the 2,3-butanediol isomers and 88-96% for the other analytes. The precision of the method ranged from 5 to 12% (S.D.%). The detection limit was 1.0 and 1.4 mg/l for meso- and d,l-2,3-butanediol, respectively, and ranged from 0.1 to 0.15 mg/l for the other analytes. PMID- 3215933 TI - Determination of S-carboxymethylcysteine in serum by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography with column switching following pre-column derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde. AB - A method is described for the determination of S-(carboxymethyl)-L-cysteine in serum. After addition of S-(carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine as internal standard, both compounds are extracted into methanol, converted into fluorescent derivatives with o-phthalaldehyde and quantitatively determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Chromatography of unwanted amino acid derivatives is avoided by column switching, thereby shortening analysis time and increasing column lifetime. The technique was applied in a study of the bioavailability of S-(carboxymethyl)-L-cysteine after oral administration to humans. The concentration-response curve was linear from 2 to 16 micrograms/ml; mean serum concentrations are reported. PMID- 3215932 TI - Detection of oxilofrine in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and comparison with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with electrochemical detection for the determination of oxilofrine [1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2 methylaminopropanol] in human plasma and urine (before and after cleavage of the metabolic conjugates) is described. Isolation from biological fluids is performed batchwise by weak acid cation exchange. Separation of plasma and urine components is achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column as an ion pair with heptanesulphonic acid. For amperometric detection the potential of the electrode was set at 0.95 V versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The detection limit for oxilofrine in plasma is 1 ng/ml and in urine 12.5 ng/ml at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.0 using 1.0 ml of plasma and 0.02 ml of urine. The method was compared with a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method and showed a good concordance for plasma (r = 0.996) and urine (r = 0.994). With the HPLC method it is also possible to determine related sympathomimetic drugs, e.g., etilefrine, norefenefrine or octopamine, after a slight modification of the mobile phase. PMID- 3215934 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of xanthines. Effects of N-methyl and C-8 hydroxyl substitution on the retention times. AB - The capacity factors of 26 xanthine derivatives were measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. N-Methyl substitution increased the capacity factor and the related lipid solubility. The descending order of the increase in capacity factor by the N-methyl group is: N-1 methyl greater than N-3 methyl greater than N-7 methyl greater than N-9 methyl. C-8 hydroxylation reduces the capacity factor in the xanthines. The reduction factor is 3.34 in xanthines with N-3 methyl substitution, 2.41 in xanthines with N-1 and/or N-7 methyl substitution and 1.68 in xanthines with N-9 methyl substitution. PMID- 3215935 TI - Analysis of benzodiazepines. II. High-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection after molecular rearrangement to acridanones. AB - A molecular rearrangement of benzophenones (hydrolysis products of 1,4 benzodiazepines) to 9-acridones has been studied. The compounds synthesized were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector, because of their high luminescence. The method, which can detect sixteen benzodiazepines simultaneously, is highly sensitive and adequately specific. It is reliable for the analysis of these compounds in biological samples at therapeutic concentrations. PMID- 3215936 TI - Quantification of 3-hydroxykynurenine in brain by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. PMID- 3215938 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for busulfan in biological fluids using a deuterated internal standard. PMID- 3215937 TI - Ammonium positive-ion and hydroxide negative-ion chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the identification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Eupatorium rotundifolium L. var. ovatum. PMID- 3215939 TI - Gas chromatographic analysis of nitrendipine and its pyridine metabolite in human plasma. PMID- 3215940 TI - Screening for drugs in clinical toxicology by high-performance liquid chromatography: identification of barbiturates by post-column ionization and detection by a multiplace photodiode array spectrophotometer. PMID- 3215941 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the simultaneous measurement of two spironolactone analogues, 17 beta-hydroxy-3-oxo-17-pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid-gamma-lactone 7 alpha-methyl ethyl ester and its 6 beta-hydroxylated derivative. PMID- 3215942 TI - Rapid, high-sensitivity method for measurement of morphine in guinea-pig serum. PMID- 3215943 TI - Determination of ibuprofen in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3215944 TI - Fast protein purification of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin. PMID- 3215945 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diltiazem and four of its metabolites in plasma: evaluation of their stability. AB - A rapid, specific and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of diltiazem and four of its metabolites in plasma. The method involves extraction with methyl tert.-butyl ether, back-extraction into 0.017 M phosphoric acid followed by reversed-phase chromatography on a 3-micron particle, 15-cm ODS column with UV detection at 237 nm. Overall the recovery of each compound was reproducible and greater than 85%. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range 10-250 ng/ml, with within-day or between-day coefficients of variation not exceeding 12%. A stability study indicates that while diltiazem is stable for at least six weeks in frozen plasma, more than 30% degradation of the major metabolite, N monodesmethyldiltiazem, was observed after four weeks at -20 degrees C. The assay procedure has been applied to monitoring of plasma levels in patients receiving chronic oral therapy. PMID- 3215946 TI - Determination of reduced and total ubiquinones in biological materials by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A convenient and reliable liquid chromatographic (LC) method with electrochemical detection (ED) was developed for the determination of reduced (ubiquinol) and total ubiquinones in biological materials. After extraction of samples with n hexane, ubiquinol was separated on a reversed-phase column and assayed directly by ED. In order to determine the total amount of a ubiquinone in biological samples, the unbiquinone was converted into the corresponding reduced form by treatment with sodium borohydride. No significant interfering peak (plastoquinol 9, ubichromenol-9, etc.) was observed in the elution areas of ubiquinol-7 to -11. This LC-ED method was about 70 times more sensitive than the previous LC-UV method and was able to detect 150 pg of ubiquinol-10. The method was applied satisfactorily to the determination of the contents of ubiquinol homologues in biological materials. The content of ubiquinols is a major component of the total ubiquinones in human plasma and urine and rat plasma and liver, but a minor component in rat heart and kidney. PMID- 3215947 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for measuring homovanillic acid in cerebrospinal fluid using electrochemical detection with internal standardization. PMID- 3215948 TI - Determination of plasma homovanillic acid by two-step solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 3215949 TI - Use of perfluorated carboxylic acids in the separation of metabolites of vasopressin prior to radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3215950 TI - Determination of K vitamins (phylloquinone and menaquinones) in umbilical cord plasma by a platinum-reduction column. PMID- 3215951 TI - 4-Bromomethyl-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin as a fluorescence reagent for precolumn derivatization of 5-fluorouracil compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3215952 TI - Rapid method for evaluating compliance of 6-mercaptopurine therapy in children with leukemia. PMID- 3215953 TI - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of quinine in plasma. PMID- 3215954 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of enprofylline in human plasma. PMID- 3215955 TI - Alprazolam, alpha-hydroxy- and 4-hydroxyalprazolam analysis in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3215956 TI - Determination of dantrolene and its reduced and oxidized metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3215957 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ofloxacin in plasma and urine. PMID- 3215958 TI - Determination of free and sulphate-conjugated 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol in human plasma by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 3215959 TI - Radiometric high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of theobromine metabolites in microsomal incubations. PMID- 3215960 TI - Determination of telenzepine in human serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - A method for determining telenzepine in human serum is described. Analytes are obtained from alkalinized serum by extraction of the drug using reversed-phase octadecylsilane-bonded silica cartridges. Telenzepine and a desmethyl analogue added to serum as internal standard are retained on the C18 cartridge and recovered by elution with methanol. The gas chromatographic properties of telenzepine and the internal standard are improved by a two-step derivatization involving a benzodiazepinone-benzimidazole rearrangement and simultaneous formation of a methyl ester function. The processed extract is analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. Quantification is linear over the range 2-40 ng/ml. Inter-day precision is within 7%, except at the detection limit of 2 ng/ml (16%). Application of this assay to routine analysis is limited by the extensive sample pretreatment essential for derivatization of telenzepine. PMID- 3215961 TI - endo-1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, a superior resolving agent for the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers of hydroxylated derivatives of two azaaromatic hydrocarbons. AB - The high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of enantiomers of oxide and hydroxy derivatives of dibenz[a,j]acridine and 7-methylbenz[c]acridine was investigated on a chiral stationary phase chromatography column using commercially available columns. In most cases either poor or no separation of enantiomers was achieved. Normal-phase separation of diastereoisomeric ester derivatives of the hydroxy compounds, prepared from commercially available (-) menthoxyacetic acid or (+)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid, was investigated. No separation of the diastereoisomeric esters of trans 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrodibenz[a,j]acridine was observed. However, diastereoisomeric esters prepared from (+)-endo-1,4,5,6,7,7 hexachlorobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxyl ic acid [(+)-HCA] were easily separated. Using the three chiral acids, diastereoisomers were prepared from sixteen hydroxy derivatives of dibenz[a,j]acridine and 7-methylbenz[c]acridine. (+)-HCA esters gave good to excellent HPLC separations which were superior to those achieved using other chiral acids in most cases. The enantiomeric composition of trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrodibenz[a,j]acridine formed as a major rodent liver microsomal metabolite of dibenz[a,j]acridine was determined using (+)-HCA. PMID- 3215962 TI - Fluorometric determination of biguanides in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with reagent-containing mobile phase. AB - A simple post-column derivatization method for the fluorometric determination of biguanides (buformin and phenformin) in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The serum was treated with 4% perchloric acid to precipitate proteins, and the supernatant was directly injected into the column. Synthesized 9,10-phenanthrenequinonesulphonate (PSQ) was used as a fluorogenic reagent and added to the mobile phase. Biguanides were separated within 10 min on a Radial-Pak microBondapak C18 cartridge (10 microns, 10 cm x 8 mm I.D.) by reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography. They were then allowed to react with PQS in an alkaline stream and detected fluorometrically. This method was applied to the analysis of serum from patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3215963 TI - Determination of (4-chlorophenyl)thiomethylene bisphosphonic acid, a new bisphosphonate, in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the assay of the bisphosphonate (4-chlorophenyl)thiomethylene bisphosphonic acid in plasma and urine is described. It requires selective precipitations and dissolutions of calcium salts prior to reversed-phase chromatography with UV detection. This method used semi-micro scale material and 200-microliters biological aliquots. The limit for accurate quantification is 50 ng/ml. Data on reliability criteria and application to a pharmacokinetic study are presented. PMID- 3215964 TI - Determination of cefetamet and its orally active ester, cefetamet pivoxyl, in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Two different, simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic methods with ultraviolet detection, using a common sample work-up procedure, were developed for the determination of cefetamet, an in vitro active cephalosporin, and its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester, cefetamet pivoxyl. After protein precipitation with perchloric acid, plasma samples were analysed on C18 reversed phase columns with 4 mM perchloric acid-acetonitrile (83:17, v/v) and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5)-acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) as mobile phases for the determination of cefetamet and cefetamet pivoxyl, respectively. Urine samples were diluted with water and analysed in the same manner, using 4 mM perchloric acid-acetonitrile (85:15, v/v). The limits of quantification were 0.2, 0.5 and 20 micrograms/ml for the determination of cefetamet and cefetamet pivoxyl in plasma and cefetamet in urine, respectively. The intra-assay precision was less than or equal to 1.5% for cefetamet and less than or equal to 2.3% for cefetamet pivoxyl. The inter-assay precision for cefetamet was less than or equal to 2.4%. Cefetamet was stable in human plasma when stored at -20 degrees C for three months or at 22 degrees C for 24 h. For the determination of cefetamet pivoxyl, which was extremely unstable in plasma (greater than 70% degradation in 1 h), samples were drawn into vacutainers containing citric acid and immediately added to sodium fluoride. The method for cefetamet was successfully applied to several thousand plasma and urine samples from humans, dogs and rats. No unchanged drug could be detected in human or dog plasma after the administration of cefetamet pivoxyl. PMID- 3215965 TI - Determination of ibuprofen and its major metabolites in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for free and total ibuprofen and its major metabolites in human urine is described. Urine is acidified, drug and metabolites are extracted into hexane-propanol, back extracted into sodium bicarbonate, neutralized and chromatographed. Ibufenac (4 isobutylphenylacetic acid) and 2-phenylpropionic acid were employed as internal standards. The extraction efficiencies were 94-100% for all compounds. The two metabolites and their internal standard were separated using an isocratic chromatographic system, followed by an abrupt step gradient to a second eluent for separation of ibuprofen and its internal standard with a total run time of 18 min. Detection was by a fixed-wavelength detector (214 nm). Sample-to-sample and day-to-day reproducibility studies yielded coefficients of variability of less than 9% for all compounds. The sensitivity was sufficient to determine 2.5 micrograms/ml free ibuprofen in 100 microliters urine. PMID- 3215967 TI - Femtogram detection of perfluorocarbon tracers using capillary gas chromatography electron-capture negative ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. AB - An ultrasensitive and selective method has been developed for the detection of a range of perfluorocarbon tracers suitable for long-range atmospheric studies. Following direct injection onto a capillary column the perfluorocarbons are separated and detected using mass spectrometry with electron-capture negative ion chemical ionisation (ECNICI-MS) with methane as reagent gas and selected-ion monitoring. All nine perfluorocarbons tested underwent non-dissociative resonance electron capture to form the molecular anion which was the base peak in all cases. Using this technique, detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio of 2:1) of 3 and 2 fg were obtained for perfluoromethylcyclohexane and perfluoro-1,3 dimethylcyclohexane respectively. The corresponding detection limits using a conventional electron-capture detector were 8 and 9 fg respectively. In addition to increased sensitivity, the ECNICI-MS technique allows temperature programming for the simultaneous analysis of a range of perfluorocarbons and has superior selectivity being less prone to coeluting interferences. Furthermore the method is potentially one to two orders of magnitude more sensitive than the current gas chromatography-MS methods using 13C2H4 tracers. PMID- 3215966 TI - [Determination of residual monomers of epoxy resins in wine simulants]. AB - Wine is widely stocked in epoxy resin vats. These bisphenol A epoxy resins are cured with methylenedianiline hardener. The residual monomers are able to migrate through the polymer matrix into the wine. So, migration studies were undertaken in order to prevent human health hazard. In this paper specific chromatographic methods for the determination of the residual monomers in simulants of wine are described. Liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the determination of methylenedianiline and bisphenol A, and a gas chromatographic method for the determination of epichlorhydrin. The procedures described proved to be sensitive, reproducible and efficient. PMID- 3215968 TI - Determination of alcohols in alcoholic beverages by micro high-performance liquid chromatography with indirect photometric detection. AB - Aliphatic alcohols in alcoholic beverages were determined by micro high performance liquid chromatography with indirect photometric detection. Theophylline was added to the mobile phase as the visualization agent. Ethanol, propanols and butanols could be determined by this method. PMID- 3215969 TI - Determination of carnitine by high-performance liquid chromatography using 9 anthryldiazomethane. AB - The high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of carnitine chloride was investigated by using 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM) as a pre-column derivatization reagent. Carnitine chloride and the internal standard N,N dimethylglycine reacted with ADAM to give a stable ester derivative in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) used to mask the basic function. The ADAM derivative of carnitine was separated from decomposition products of the reagent and related compounds such as amino acid derivatives on a silica gel column eluted with methanol-5% aqueous SDS-phosphoric acid (990:10:1). The calibration plot was linear over a sample concentration range from 0.02 to 100 ng per injection. The detection limit for carnitine chloride was about 1 pg per injection (signal to noise ratio = 4), by fluorometric detection. PMID- 3215971 TI - Rapid separation of flavonoids by analytical high-speed counter-current chromatography. AB - A commercial model of the analytical high-speed counter-current chromatography instrument was used for separation of flavonoids from a crude ethanol extract of dried fruits of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). Using a two-phase solvent system of chloroform-methanol-water (4:3:2), a five-fold increase in flow-rate of the mobile phase from 60 to 300 ml/h resulted in a rapid separation of five components in less than 15 min without significant loss in peak resolution. Major flavonoid component, isorhamnetin, was identified in its pure state by mass spectrometric analysis. PMID- 3215970 TI - Direct, sensitive and selective detection of free fatty acids by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column ion-pair extraction and absorbance detection. AB - Free fatty acids (C8-C18) are separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detected using a simple post-column dynamic extraction system in which the acids are extracted as ion pairs with chloroform from the aqueous acetonitrile (gradient: 79-99% acetonitrile) mobile phase after the post-column addition of aqueous Methylene Blue solution. The chloroform phase containing the ion pairs is monitored with an absorbance detector at 651 nm. The detection limits ranged from 26 to 83 ng, depending upon the acid, with coefficients of variation of 1.2-14%. Application of the method to butter and margarine samples permitted detection of free fatty acids down to 35 ppm and in orange juice, down to 0.5 ppm using only an organic solvent extraction without further sample clean-up for isolation of the fatty acids. PMID- 3215972 TI - Effect of the mobile phase composition and ligand structure on the separation of D- and L-dansylamino acids, as mixed metal complexes, by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3215973 TI - New reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic column for oligonucleotide separation. PMID- 3215976 TI - Determination of 5-nitrofurylacrylic acid in wines by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3215974 TI - High-performance affinity chromatography of proteins on TSKgel Heparin-5PW. PMID- 3215975 TI - Determination of alkaloids of Fumaria parviflora and Fumaria capreolata by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary isotachophoresis. PMID- 3215977 TI - Isolation of erythromycin E from commercial erythromycin. PMID- 3215978 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of fentanyl citrate in a parenteral dosage form. PMID- 3215979 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationship of coumarin derivatives. Involvement of partition between aqueous and membrane phase. AB - In order to understand the substrate behaviour of several 7-alkoxycoumarins and 7 alkoxy-4-alkylcoumarins towards the liver microsomal monooxygenase system, their lipophilic properties have been examined. As a model for the lipophilicity the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic retention parameter log kw has been used. In a system with methanol-water as the mobile phase and RP-18 (octadecylsilica) as the stationary phase, we found a quadratic relationship between the volume fraction of the organic solvent and the logarithm of the capacity factor (log k'). The extrapolation to a pure aqueous phase reveals a linear relationship of the theoretical capacity factor log kw with the chain length. This holds for 1-12 carbon atoms in the alkoxy chain and for zero to three carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. Moreover, the incremental effect of the methylene residues on the lipophilicity of the compounds (delta log kw/delta CH2) is found to be 0.60 +/- 0.01. If the coumarin derivatives are used as substates for the liver microsomal monooxygenase system, no systematic dependence of the enzymic data (Michaelis Menten constant Km) on the lipophilic data (log kw) can be demonstrated. The metabolism of these compounds by the microsomal monooxygenase system seems not to be limited by the partition between the membrane and the aqueous phase. Whether other factors, e.g. the lateral diffusion of the substrates versus the membrane bound enzyme system or enzyme active-site characteristics, govern the metabolism remains to be investigated. PMID- 3215980 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of pyrimidine bases and nucleosides. Application of solvophobic theory. AB - The chromatographic behaviour of some natural and modified pyrimidine bases and nucleosides on an octadecyl stationary phase was studied. The retention and selectivity parameters of the separation of the compounds studied were derived on the basis of solvophobic theory. The mechanism of base and nucleoside interactions with the surface of the hydrocarbonaceous stationary phase is discussed. The best separation is observed at pH 3.5 for the bases and at pH 4.8 5.2 for the nucleosides. An increase in the solute surface tension results in an increased selectivity of separation. When the surface tension and the ionic strength of the mobile phase are not kept constant, there are considerable deviations in retention from that predicted by solvophobic theory. PMID- 3215981 TI - Rapid analysis of proteins and peptides by reversed-phase chromatography with polymeric micropellicular sorbents. AB - Peptides and proteins were separated by reversed-phase chromatography on a 30 x 4.6 mm I.D. column packed with non-porous crosslinked polystyrene particles having a mean particle diameter of 3 micron and a rugulose surface. The polymeric support did swell slightly in organic solvents, but the estimated 5-8% change in particle diameter did not adversely affect the efficiency of the column which was used repeatedly with gradient elution from water to organic solvent under conditions typically employed in reversed-phase chromatography. In these experiments, the pH of the eluent was varied in a wide range in order to compare the effect of acidic and alkaline eluents on the separation of protein and complex peptide mixtures. The column showed no deterioration even after extensive exposure to alkaline mobile phases. The retention behavior of sixteen proteins having widely different pI values was studied as a function of the eluent pH. The chromatographic system exhibited large selectivity differences upon changing the pH of the eluent from 2 to 11. Analytical information about peptide and protein mixtures could therefore be enhanced by using eluents at the pH extremes. At the pH extremes of 2 and 11 peak sharpness and protein mass recovery were found to be superior to those obtained with neutral eluents. Usually the column temperature was held at 80 degrees C and typical analysis times ranged from 30 s to 10 min as illustrated by chromatograms of protein mixtures and by peptide maps. With regular use under such conditions the column showed no deterioration after three months. PMID- 3215982 TI - Identification of partially methylated methyl glycosides by gas chromatography mass spectrometry of trimethylsilyl derivatives. Application to mycobacterial glycolipid antigen analysis. AB - Partially methylated glycosides play an important role in the stereospecificity of glycolipid antigen-antibody binding reactions. A method for the structural determination of partially methylated methyl glycosides is described. The proposed method, which is an alternative to that using alditol acetates, consists in the analysis of trimethylsilyl glycoside derivatives by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in the electron impact (EI) mode. Seven partially methylated methyl rhamnopyranosides were synthesized, then purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. After trimethylsilylation, their EI mass spectra showed characteristic fragmentation patterns allowing the determination of the position and the number of methoxy groups in the sugar ring. This method was successfully applied to the structural elucidation of partially methylated sugars contained by a quantitatively minor phenolic glycolipid antigen isolated from Mycobacterium kansasii. Moreover, the carbons involved in the glycosidic linkages of the glycolipid tetrasaccharide moiety were also identified by this method after permethylation, methanolysis and trimethylsilylation. PMID- 3215983 TI - Partitioning behaviour in aqueous two-phase systems and fractionation by counter current distribution of chick-embryo erythrocytes with numerical resolution of distribution curves. AB - The partition of chick-embryo and young-chick erythrocytes in dextran-poly (ethylene glycol) two-phase systems depends on the interfacial tension and electrical potential differences between the phases. Counter-current distribution with charged 5% dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) systems has proved to be an adequate method for the separation of primitive and definitive erythrocytes present in chick embryos when a phase settling time of 20 min is used. The computer-aided numerical resolution of experimental curves has shown the existence of subpopulations which could not have been detected by using conventional methods. PMID- 3215984 TI - Thermal degradation of weldable poly(vinyl chloride) samples at low temperatures. AB - A study was performed to determine possible emission products during plastic welding that may be responsible for health problems. Thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) samples was carried out at 170 degrees C in a thermal desorption gas chromatography (GC) injector and in a modified impinger in a GC oven, in combination with various analytical techniques, thermogravimetric analysis, capillary GC, GC-mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and isotachophoresis. Some of the degradation products found are known to be eye irritants. PMID- 3215985 TI - Improved method for large-scale purification of brain gangliosides by Q-sepharose column chromatography. Immunochemical detection of C-series polysialogangliosides in adult bovine brains. AB - A new chromatographic method for separation of bovine brain gangliosides has been developed using Q-Sepharose. Gangliosides were separated based not only on their sialic acid numbers but also on the sialic acid molecular species and chain lengths of the skeletal oligosaccharide portions. The following results indicate that this column chromatography has practical advantages in separating mixtures of gangliosides, especially positional isomers and molecular species with N acetyl- or N-glycolylneuraminic acid. (1) the loading capacity of Q-Sepharose for gangliosides was very high; (2) most major gangliosides such as GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b and GQ1b were isolated in a single step; (3) these major gangliosides were clearly separated from gangliosides containing, N-glycolylneuraminic acid when examined using Hanganutziu-Deicher antibody; (4) polysialogangliosides that have four or more sialic acid residues were isolated efficiently. It was shown by the combination of Q-Sepharose column chromatography with thin-layer chromatography/enzyme immunostaining that adult bovine brains possess C-series polysialogangliosides as minor components which are known as embryonic molecules in avian and mammalian brains. PMID- 3215986 TI - Assay for trenbolone and its metabolite 17 alpha-trenbolone in bovine urine based on immunoaffinity chromatographic clean-up and off-line high-performance liquid chromatography-thin-layer chromatography. AB - An high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method was developed to detect the illegal use of the xenobiotic growth promotor Trenbolone acetate (TBA). Very effective clean-up of bovine urine was achieved by immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC). The active form of TBA, the steroid 17 beta Trenbolone (17 beta-TB), as well as its major metabolite 17 alpha-Trenbolone (17 alpha-TB), were assayed simultaneously with HPLC and on-line UV detection. The fraction containing 17 alpha-TB and 17 beta-TB (TB-fraction) was collected, and for confirmation 17 beta- and 17 alpha-TB were subsequently separated and identified by TLC. The limit of detection by on-line HPLC-UV (350 nm) was 1-2 micrograms TB/l. Off-line TLC detection was even more sensitive, 0.5 microgram 17 beta- or 17 alpha-TB/1. The assay was validated by investigating urine samples from veal calves implanted with TBA. The presence of 17 beta- and 17 alpha-TB was clearly demonstrated. A survey of the illegal use of TBA in cattle was performed by applying the assay to urine obtained at slaughter. No residues of TBA or its metabolites were found in any of the 144 random samples from the Dutch public health surveillance programme. PMID- 3215987 TI - Determination of diethylene glycol in wine by high-performance liquid chromatography using anthracene-9-carbonyl chloride as a derivatizing reagent. PMID- 3215988 TI - Cationic capillary isotachophoresis of proteins. PMID- 3215989 TI - Pharmaceutical analysis using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. AB - The potential utility in pharmaceutical analysis of a capillary electrokinetic separation technique that employs a micellar "pseudo-stationary phase" is discussed and illustrated. Chromatograms of separations of vitamin metabolites and derivatized amino acids are presented to illustrate the high efficiency of the technique and the ability to simultaneously separate the charged and neutral components of pharmaceutical samples. The analytical characteristics of the technique and the importance of optimizing experimental parameters, such as surfactant concentration and capillary column diameter, are discussed and demonstrated with the aid of chromatograms. PMID- 3215990 TI - Liquid chromatographic and mass spectral analysis of N-substituted analogues of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine. AB - The C1 to C3 N-alkyl, N,N-dimethyl, and N-hydroxy analogues of 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) are identified by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and spectrometric techniques. The compounds are separated using reversed-phase procedures on C18 stationary phase with an acidic (pH 3) aqueous methanol mobile phase. The mass spectra of the compounds are distinctive and reference spectra are provided. The N-hydroxy derivative is unstable at high temperatures and decomposes to MDA and the oxime of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2 propanone. PMID- 3215991 TI - Analysis of cough/cold products using an adamantyl column. AB - High-performance liquid chromatographic methods are developed for the determination of active ingredients in several cough/cold preparations. A novel adamantyl phase is used in combination with either totally aqueous or high aqueous hydroorganic mobile phases. PMID- 3215992 TI - Excitation-contraction coupling. Bridging the gap. PMID- 3215993 TI - Structure of tropomyosin-troponin T cocrystals. AB - Crystals formed from a mixture of tropomyosin and troponin T have an open double stranded lattice structure with a diamond-shaped repeat. In some regions the appearance in electron micrographs of negatively stained specimens changes from this double-diamond lattice to a more condensed banded crystal form. The double diamond lattice has plane group symmetry cmm with unit cell 76.3 by 21.7 nm. The molecules form continuous chains along the diagonal of the unit cell and the diagonal length (79.4 nm) is that expected for two tropomyosin molecules joined end-to-end. Computer filtering of the micrographs shows that the strands of the lattice are thicker from the acute vertex of the large diamond to a point about half-way along the side of the diamond, where there is a small blob of density. At the acute vertex of the diamond is a large blob of density which is accentuated, however, by being at the lattice node where strands cross each other, and which is much weaker in regions of the micrographs where the crystals have condensed laterally. The results indicate that troponin T is a long thin molecule running in contact with the tropomyosin strands over 40-50% of the tropomyosin molecular length. The small globular region may represent the end-to end overlap of tropomyosin but is more likely to be a globular region at the C terminal region of troponin T. PMID- 3215994 TI - An X-ray diffraction study of alpha-tropomyosin magnesium tactoid. AB - The structure of the needle-shaped aggregate of alpha-tropomyosin formed in the presence of Mg2+ ions (the Mg-tactoid) was studied by X-ray diffraction. Orientated specimens were prepared by magnetic orientation. The meridional reflections corresponding to a Bragg spacing of up to 2.6 nm were recorded and phased by the isomorphous replacement method using p-chloromercuribenzoate bound to the unique cysteine residue of the alpha-chain of tropomyosin. The axial electron density profile thus obtained was compared with the model proposed from electron microscopic investigations. With an adequate phase combination for the observed intensities, the agreement was satisfactory. Comparison with electron micrographs of negatively stained Mg-tactoids suggests that the C-terminus of the molecule has an extended conformation and penetrates into the N-N overlap region. The principal repeat length along the tactoid was 39.0 nm, which was about 5% shorter than the expected periodicity of the tropomyosin molecules with an end-to end overlap of eight residues, suggesting supercoiling. The equatorial reflections consisted of the diffuse peaks at 1/8 nm-1 and 1/2.3 nm-1. The former indicates, for the first time, the presence of a large structural unit with low crystallinity. The spacing of the latter probably corresponds to the average centre-to-centre distance between neighbouring tropomyosin molecules. PMID- 3215995 TI - Discrimination between fast- and slow-twitch fibres of guinea pig skeletal muscle using the relative surface density of junctional transverse tubule membrane. AB - The black reaction of Golgi was used to infiltrate transverse (T) tubules in fast twitch glycolytic (FW), fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FR) and slow-twitch (S) type fibres in muscles of guinea pigs. Non-junctional (fT) and junctional (jT) segments of the T-tubule network are clearly demarcated by this technique. Digitized planimetry and direct measurements were used to determine the proportion of T-tubule network forming junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (%LjT) and to estimate the surface density (surface area per fibre volume) of total and junctional T membrane. From these data, the volume density (number per fibre volume) of junctional feet was calculated. All three types of fibres have approximately equal surface density of T tubules, but the FW and FR fibres have a much higher proportion of jT. The calculated volume density of feet is twice as high in fast-twitch as in slow-twitch fibres. PMID- 3215998 TI - Abstracts of the European Symposium on Smooth Muscle. London, April 13-15, 1988. PMID- 3215999 TI - Preschool motor skills of children born prematurely and not diagnosed as having cerebral palsy. AB - To evaluate the preschool motor skills of children born prematurely, we examined 90 children who were participating in a longitudinal follow-up program at 4 1/2 years corrected age. Children with major neurological impairments, such as cerebral palsy, were excluded from this investigation. Study subjects' gestational ages ranged from 24 to 36 weeks. Both gross and fine motor function were assessed with standardized instruments. Overall, the later motor development of these children was reassuringly intact and within the average range on all measures. Nevertheless, extremely low birth weight (less than 1000 g) children as a group displayed significantly inferior skills in all motor functions. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was also associated with significantly poorer motor performance. PMID- 3215996 TI - Na/Ca exchange and excitation--contraction coupling in frog fast fibres. AB - A 3 Na/Ca exchanger in the transverse tubular wall is modelled as the coupling mechanism between transverse tubular depolarization and Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. At rest, the Ca-occupied site faces the transverse tubular lumen. Upon depolarization, the difference in chemical potentials of Na and Ca gives a net inward force on Ca resulting in a reorientation of the exchanger so the Ca site now faces the myoplasm and releases Ca to stimulate Ca induced Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The rotation of the exchanger's asymmetrical charge could generate the 'charge movement' signal. As depolarization continues, the site is depleted of Ca and contraction ends spontaneously. Repolarization reorients the exchanger; the depleted Ca site now faces the transverse tubular lumen and slowly refills with Ca (repriming). A kinetic model is capable of controlling both twitch and contracture tension. The Na/Ca exchange blocker dichlorobenzamil (Merck) (10 microM), elevated external Na and low pH all slowed the rate of rise of potassium contracture tension. The ratios of rates of tension rise were dCB/control = 0.4 +/- 0.1, elevated external Na/Tris = 0.6 +/- 0.1, pH 6.3/control = 0.7 +/- 0.01. These results can be mimicked with the kinetic model by slowing the rate of 'rotation' (and hence charge movement) by 50%. Elevated internal Na increases the rate of rise of contracture tension; elevated internal Na/control 1.6 +/- 0.3. Dichlorobenzamil also slows the recovery following spontaneous relaxation; the time constant (68 s) of repriming is unchanged but shifted to longer recovery times. Reduced external Na and pH 6.3 also slow recovery in a similar manner, consistent with delayed rotation of the Ca-depleted site. These results suggest that Na/Ca exchange is a step in both the excitation contraction coupling chain and the repolarization-repriming sequence. PMID- 3216000 TI - Attention deficit disorders: a study of peptide-containing urinary complexes. AB - In several behavioral disorders, we have observed that abnormal amounts of peptides and protein-associated peptide complexes are excreted in the urine. The gel filtration patterns of these excreted substances have some specificity for the different disorders. The urinary excretion of peptide-containing complexes was studied in 91 boys and 13 girls (mean age 9.4 years, range 1-23) with the clinical diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (ADD), with or without hyperactivity. The gel filtration of urine precipitate showed patterns in all patients that were different from those seen in 36 normal controls. Sixty-four patients had increased benzoic acid-glycoprotein-peptide complexes in the late peaks. The symptoms of all these patients fit the criteria for diagnosis of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH). Thirty-five patients showed reduced amounts of uric acid complexes in the late peaks. Clinically, this group, with the exception of three patients, fit the criteria for diagnosis of attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity. Five patients showed reduced amounts of all urinary complexes; four of these were hyperactive. Moderate exercise in control children did not change the urinary pattern. One urinary peptide fraction from hyperactive patients, purified to homogeneity, increased the uptake of 14C[5 HT] in platelets. Strict clinical, neuropsychological, and psychophysiological selection of the patients reduced the heterogeneity of the patterns. Although more studies are needed, the findings seem promising for the possibility of developing biochemical tests that may be helpful diagnostically. PMID- 3215997 TI - Length and myofilament spacing-dependent changes in calcium sensitivity of skeletal fibres: effects of pH and ionic strength. AB - The calcium sensitivity of force was measured in glycerinated rabbit psoas fibres at sarcomere lengths (SL) from 2.3 to 3.4 micron. Increased SL caused calcium sensitivity to increase and the slope of force-calcium relations to decrease. We have hypothesized that length-dependent changes in myofilament lattice spacing and the presence of fixed charge on the myofilaments are important in determining calcium sensitivity. Lattice spacing changes were monitored by measuring fibre diameter (D). D was decreased by increasing SL, decreasing bathing solution pH and by osmotic compression with 3% PVP. 3% PVP caused D to decrease by about 15% at all SLs and pH values tested. Force-calcium relations were measured at different SLs and pH values, with and without 3% PVP in the bathing solutions. At all pH values D at SL 2.3 micron with 3% PVP was comparable to the value at 3.4 micron, without PVP. At pH 7.5 and 7.0 calcium sensitivity was about the same at both SL, although the slope of the force-calcium relation was less at longer SL. The similarity of the calcium sensitivity at the same D, but much different SL, indicates that lattice spacing is important in determining calcium sensitivity, while SL and the degree of myofilament overlap are important in determining the slope of force-calcium relations. In order to test for the role of myofilament charge in determining calcium sensitivity, pH and ionic strength were varied. Decreasing pH caused decreased maximum force and calcium sensitivity. In addition, the influence of SL on calcium sensitivity decreased as pH was lowered, with minimal SL dependence at pH 5.5; even though lattice spacing still decreased with increasing SL. When D was decreased with PVP, calcium sensitivity increased at all SLs in pH 7.5 and 7.0 while the same lattice spacing changes at pH 6.0 and 5.5 resulted in greatly reduced shifts in calcium sensitivity. These results indicate that the effect of lattice spacing on calcium sensitivity depends on myofilament charge. At pH 6.0, even though osmotic compression of the lattice has no effect, increasing SL causes about half the shift in calcium sensitivity seen at pH 7.0. Lowering ionic strength from 200 to 110 mM caused an increase in both the magnitude and length dependence of calcium sensitivity at pH 7.0, while at pH 5.5 both decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3216001 TI - Neuropsychologic and academic functioning of children with sickle cell anemia. AB - This study compared neuropsychologic test results and academic functioning among 28 school-age children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), and 28 healthy, age-, sex-, and socioeconomically matched black peers followed at a tertiary care center. Children with SCA scored significantly lower on reading and spelling achievement scores than healthy matched peers. Also, older children with SCA performed significantly less well on tests of visual-motor and attention skills than younger children with SCA. These results were unrelated to most measures of physical illness severity. The data suggest that sickle cell anemia may be associated with subtle neuropsychological and learning deficits that can contribute to decreased school performance. PMID- 3216002 TI - Chronic diseases of children and neuropsychologic dysfunction. PMID- 3216004 TI - Psychology's responsibility in false accusations of child abuse. AB - Each year, there are persons who go to jail and lose their life savings, their homes, their reputations, and their jobs because social workers, psychologists, prosecutors, jurors, and judges believe what young children tell them about being sexually molested. Hundreds of thousands of individuals each year are accused falsely of child abuse (Besharov, 1984; Eberle and Eberle, 1986; Pride, 1986; Renshaw, 1986). Techniques often associated with psychological science play a prominent part in the process that results in many of the false accusations. In an article entitled, "Why Don't They Understand Us?" in the American Psychologist, Benjamin (1986) states that "some elements of the public...doubt psychology's value as a science, a profession, and a means of promoting human welfare" (p. 941). The psychological profession's inability, or unwillingness, to speak out against the misuse of unscientifically based instruments in child abuse may be a partial reason why portions of the public may question the value of psychology. PMID- 3216003 TI - Mothers' and fathers' recognition of their newborns' photographs during the postpartum period. AB - In the present study, we have compared the ability of mothers and fathers to recognize their newborns' photographs during the early postpartum period. We suspected that fathers would prove to be less proficient than mothers, as a result of differences in the quality of their contact with their newborns. Our hypothesis was not confirmed. Rather, mothers and fathers were, for the most part, equally proficient at recognizing their infants. Since focused attention is a requisite for accurate photograph recognition, these data suggest that fathers view their newborns with perspicacity comparable to that of mothers. PMID- 3216006 TI - Understanding the accuracy of tests with cutting scores: the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value model. AB - While researchers usually are concerned about psychometric properties of psychological tests estimated using large samples, most clinical decision-makers must evaluate the accuracy of test results for individuals. This is particularly true as regards tests that have cutting scores to determine, for example, whether to assign a particular diagnosis or accept an applicant into a training program. This paper reviews a conceptual model that may foster improved understanding of test outcomes for individuals. The terms "sensitivity," "specificity," and "predictive value" are defined, and the relations of positive and negative predictive values to population base rates are emphasized. Examples from the psychological literature are presented to illustrate the utility of these concepts in clinical decision-making with psychological tests. Implications for test users, test developers, and instructors are discussed. PMID- 3216005 TI - The concurrent validity of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale among at-risk adolescent females. AB - This study investigated the empirical validity of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale as a measure of alcohol abuse, marijuana use, and related multiple substance use in a sample of N = 160. Classification accuracy was 45% for alcohol abuse, 48.8% for marijuana use, and 66% for related multiple substance use (n = 12). There were few differences in personality functioning as measured by the California Psychological Inventory between true positives and false negatives. Both groups exhibited adolescent qualities, i.e., irresponsibility, attraction to pleasure seeking, and minor rebelliousness. False negatives appeared to be slightly less impulsive and somewhat less secure about themselves. Both groups were also similar in terms of reported use of alcohol. They used alcohol to enhance a sense of well-being, i.e., to gain pleasure and to reduce dysphoric affect, but not to reduce inhibitions in social relationships. However, true positives tended to use alcohol to help cope with problems in personal relationships, such as rejection. Some limitations of the study, especially in relation to recent formulations of female alcoholism by MacAndrew (1986), were discussed. PMID- 3216007 TI - AIDS-related dementia: a case report of rapid cognitive decline. AB - Little is known psychometrically about the pattern of cognitive decline associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related dementia. Pre- and posttest results are presented to illustrate a case example of rapid cognitive decline. Increased psychometric assessment is recommended with additional examination of inconsistent results, which may be dismissed mistakenly as related to psychiatric symptoms. Implications for clinical practice and the role of the psychologist are discussed. PMID- 3216008 TI - Identifying psychiatric suicides for research purposes. AB - Unusual accidental deaths recorded for former public psychiatric patients during a 3-year period in Missouri were compared with data previously published on suicide and undetermined deaths. Demographic and diagnostic data suggested that undetermined deaths resemble suicides, while the remaining unusual accidents do not. For purposes of estimating incidence or prevalence, it is recommended that "undetermined deaths" might well be combined with suicides, while the remaining accidents should not. PMID- 3216009 TI - MMPI profile of women and men convicted of domestic homicide. AB - The present study investigated the psychological characteristics of men and women convicted of domestic homicide. Demographic information and MMPIs were collected from women (n = 16) and men (n = 20) convicted of murdering their partners and men (n = 19) convicted of murdering strangers during the course of a crime. Analyses of variance indicated that women had significantly higher elevations of MMPI scales PA and SI than both groups of men, while men convicted of murdering strangers had higher elevations on scale MA than men convicted of domestic murder. These findings suggest different patterns of psychopathology among homicide offenders depending on the offender's relationship to the victim. Results are discussed with reference to previous research on domestic murderers and female offenders. PMID- 3216010 TI - Reliability and validity of the short form Beck Depression Inventory with older adults. AB - This study investigated the reliability and validity of the short form Beck Depression Inventory with older adults. Sixty-one clinically depressed older outpatients and 57 non-patient older volunteers comprised the sample. The patient group completed the BDI prior to and at completion of depression treatment. Estimates of internal reliability suggest that the short form BDI possesses adequate Spearman-Brown and alpha coefficients. Congruent validity estimates were less satisfactory, as the correlation between the BDI and the HRSD was statistically significant, but low. Criterion group validity, diagnostic sensitivity, and sensitivity to change estimates were all acceptable. Thus, the short form BDI is adequately reliable to suggest its use as a research and clinical tool with older adults, although further study of the instrument's validity is needed. PMID- 3216011 TI - Two methods of assessing narcissism: comparison of the Narcissism-Projective (N P) and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). AB - Students in Introductory Psychology (N = 75) were administered the Narcissism Projective (N-P), which asks subjects to describe two TAT cards and two early childhood memories. Protocols were scored using criteria adapted from the DSM-III section that describes the narcissistic personality disorder. On the basis of these ratings, the high and low narcissists (N = 16) were chosen for further study. These subjects were interviewed by an experienced clinician who was unaware of their performance on the N-P. The interviewer rated each subject as either a high or low narcissist. After the interview, the subject was administered the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). Results indicate a statistically significant relationship between the interview assessment of narcissism and the N-P (p less than .01), the NPI (p less than .05), and the NPI factor of self-absorption/self-admiration (p less than .05). The limitations and implications of these data are discussed. It is concluded that both measures demonstrate promise as instruments useful in the rigorous scientific investigation of significant clinical and theoretical issues related to narcissism. PMID- 3216012 TI - The utility of the MCMI as a DSM-III Axis I diagnostic tool. AB - The present study examined the utility of the MCMI as a provider of DSM-III Axis I diagnostic hypotheses with a heterogeneous psychiatric inpatient population. Participants represented 31 consecutive referrals made to the psychology department for a clinical and/or diagnostic assessment from a psychiatric rehabilitation unit. Three independent diagnoses derived from the MCMI, a structured interview (DIS), and an unstructured psychiatric interview were obtained for each participant. The percentage agreement between the two criterion diagnoses was 54.8%. Agreement between the MCMI and criterion diagnoses was, at best, 15% for those cases that had an Axis I diagnosis. These findings are in keeping with past research and support the contention that the MCMI is not a useful tool in generating clinically correct or meaningful DSM-III Axis I diagnostic hypotheses. PMID- 3216013 TI - A factorial analysis of a compound measure of social support. AB - A confirmatory factor analysis of an internally consistent compound measure of social support is presented for a volunteer sample of 740 low-income, predominantly single, young mothers. Five factors with eigen values greater than one emerged and accounted for 55% of the variance. The convergent validity of the empirically identified factors of estrangement, confidant, short-term help, support/encouragement, and crisis intervention was explored through intercorrelations with five variables theoretically related to family and child well being. Level of depressive symptomology correlated most significantly and consistently with low levels of social support. The results of the analysis are discussed in light of previous psychometric analyses of comparable measure of social support and what is known of the coping response of young mothers to stress. PMID- 3216014 TI - A multifactor model of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery and its relationship to cognitive status and psychiatric diagnosis. AB - An oblique, five-factor model of a modified Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery is presented. One hundred fifty-one neuropsychiatric inpatients (94 men, 57 women) were examined on 44 neuropsychological indices. Five correlated dimensions (r = .25), viz., Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, Sensory-attention, Primary Motor, and Tactile-spatial abilities, were identified by maximum likelihood factor analyses of this correlation matrix. These findings are quite similar to those reported earlier by Fowler, Richards, Berent, and Boll (1985, 1987) and Royce, Yeudall, and Bock (1976). The factors may be broadly categorized using the distinction made by Lezak (1983) for verbal, nonverbal, and mental activity variables. MANOVAs revealed systematic relationships between simple-weighted factor scores and: (1) the overall level of cognitive functioning (p less than .01), as well as (2) psychiatric diagnosis (p less than .01). Implications of these findings for understanding the impact of neuropsychiatric disorders on the structure of abilities for such patients are developed. PMID- 3216015 TI - Measuring dementia: assessment of multiple deficit domains. AB - A fundamental problem in the assessment of dementia is the brief, but adequate measurement of intellectual impairment. We evaluated 82 demented patients of heterogeneous etiology with 21 neuropsychological tests. Factor analysis identified five deficit domains among the tests: verbal ability, visuospatial ability, verbal memory, orientation, and concentration. One test was selected from each domain to form a Brief Battery for Dementia (BBD), which was used to explore the relationship between deficit patterns and disease characteristics. The pattern of deficits among the five tests altered with increasing disease severity: Logical Memory (a test of verbal memory) was severely impaired in the earliest stages, while tests of verbal concept formation, perceptual organization, and orientation declined more slowly. This battery discriminated between demented and normal subjects, with a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 97%. Disease severity appeared to be a primary determinant of degree, number, and pattern of deficits in dementing disorders and may be an important factor that modulates the apparent discriminating power of intellectual tests. PMID- 3216016 TI - Effects of lesion laterality on the Satz-Mogel WAIS-R short form. AB - Effects of lateralized brain damage on the Satz-Mogel (1962) WAIS-R short form were examined. Patients (N = 65) were assigned to groups based on diffuse, predominantly left, or predominantly right brain damage. Overall, results supported the validity of the Satz-Mogel short-form IQs with neurological patients, although there were significant ANOVA results for various subtests when original scores were compared to short-form scores. A comparison of groups in regard to the number of deviations (i.e., +/- 3) from original WAIS-R subtests raised questions with regard to the effects of lesion laterality on certain short form subtest scores. Criteria for evaluating short forms and issues for further research are discussed. PMID- 3216017 TI - Constructing overlapping cell tables to maximize the clinical usefulness of normative test data: rationale and an example from neuropsychology. AB - The author proposes a way of maximizing the clinical usefulness of limited normative test data through the use of overlapping cell norm tables. Adjacent cells differ in means, but overlap in range, and any one norm subject may appear in one or more adjacent cells. The neuropsychological test data of 363 nonclinical subjects are used to illustrate the approach. PMID- 3216018 TI - Construct validity of the PPVT with neuropsychological, intellectual, and achievement measures. AB - The present investigation examined the construct validity of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) with learning-disabled children. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), the Wide Range Achievement Test, and the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery were administered to 934 learning disabled children. Seven factors were isolated on the basis of a principal components factor analysis and Varimax rotation. PPVT scores were found to load on a factor similar to what has been labeled verbal comprehension on the WISC-R with little secondary loadings on any of the remaining six factors. Implications for practitioners and further research were discussed. PMID- 3216019 TI - Comparison of two IQ conversion tables for the Vocabulary-Block Design short form. AB - This study compared Brooker and Cyr (1986) and Silverstein (1982) WAIS-R IQ conversion tables for the Vocabulary-Block Design combination. Subjects were 150 veterans unselected with respect to diagnosis. Means for Full Scale IQ, Brooker and Cyr IQ, and Silverstein IQ were 94.17 (SD = 15.05), 96.68 (SD = 15.35), and 96.87 (SD = 15.30), respectively. Correlations between Full Scale IQ and both IQ estimates were highly significant: Brooker and Cyr r(148) = .91, p less than .001; Silverstein r(148) = .92, p less than .001. Both short-form IQs overestimated Full Scale IQ; average difference of 1.51 points for Brooker and Cyr and 1.67 for Silverstein were found. Agreement between both short form IQ estimates and Full Scale in terms of Wechsler's seven category intelligence classification was 62%. Both conversion tables yield comparable Full Scale IQ estimates. PMID- 3216020 TI - Cross-validation of six short forms of the WAIS-R in a healthy geriatric sample. AB - A number of methods have been developed in recent years to estimate full-scale IQ scores from abbreviated versions of the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R), including Silverstein's (1982) two- and four-subtest short forms, Reynolds, Willson, and Clark's (1983) four-subtest short form, and Brooker and Cyr's (1986) two-, three- and four-subtest short forms. Short forms are of particular interest to the clinician and researcher who need a brief screening scale of cognitive abilities for the elderly, but their effectiveness with a normal aging sample has not been established. The present study examines the accuracy of six methods of estimating full-scale IQs from abbreviated versions of the WAIS-R in a middle-aged to elderly nonpsychiatric sample of 28 healthy males. Although all six methods were found to yield scores that were correlated highly with full scale scores, the method of Reynolds et al. (1983) resulted in short form IQ estimates that were significantly different statistically from full-scale IQ scores. Although most of the six short-form methods appear to be useful screening measures for cognitive functioning and longitudinal changes in intellectual functions in the elderly, their use for classification purposes is not supported in the present study. PMID- 3216021 TI - Development of experimental mood induction procedures for testing personality event interaction models of depression. AB - Cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic theorists have suggested recently that depressions may be differentiated on the basis of two sets of personality characteristics that each create emotional vulnerability to a different specific class of events. The present paper reports the development of two mood induction procedures that may be useful in testing this specific interactional approach. In these inductions, subjects listen to an audiotape that depicts either a series of social rejections or achievement failures and are instructed to imagine themselves as the main character. Both tapes were found to produce a strong increase in reported depressed affect in a sample of normal undergraduates (N = 119). These effects were large in comparison to those elicited by other mood induction procedures. Women reported greater mood shifts than men in response to both tapes. The present procedures have the advantage of content specificity that permits tests of personality-event interaction hypotheses. PMID- 3216022 TI - Bulimia: a comparison of psychological adjustment and familial characteristics in a nonclinical sample. AB - This study examined the relation of eating attitudes and behaviors to family dynamics and psychological adjustment in a nonclinical group of female university freshmen. Family dynamics variables, which were measured by the Family Environment Scale (FES), included Control, Cohesion, Conflict, Organization, Expressiveness, Independence, Achievement-Orientation, Intellectual-Cultural Orientation, Active-Recreational Orientation, and Moral Religious Emphasis. Psychological adjustment was measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSC). Variables on this scale included Anxiety, Depression, Somatization, Obsessive Compulsive, and Interpersonal Sensitivity. Eating attitudes and behaviors were measured by the Bulimia Test (BULIT), a 32-item self-report inventory. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that bulimics, subclinical bulimics, and normals could be differentiated on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Univariate analyses revealed differences between the groups on all of the HSC measures and the Organization scale of the FES. The results suggest that conclusions about the causal relationships between maladaptive family patterns and bulimia presented in previous research should be viewed with caution. PMID- 3216023 TI - Assessing perceived patterns of behavior exchange in relationships. AB - Development of an instrument to assess perceptions of behavior exchange patterns, using the schema described by McKenna, is discussed. The Behavior Exchange Inventory (BEI) contains 16 6-item scales, which assess giving, accepting, requesting, and withholding positive or negative reinforcers in either intimate or non-intimate relationship contexts. Also reported are two studies of the BEI's discriminant validity. Preliminary findings are encouraging in that they supported the cognitive conception of relationship distress and were consistent with research on couple attributional processes. PMID- 3216024 TI - Effects of impaired hearing and favorable vs. unfavorable personal feedback on negative emotional reactions. AB - Eighty college females listened to one of four taped conversations, which they were led to believe were personality evaluations of themselves. The content of the evaluations varied in feedback, which described either strengths or weaknesses in adjustment, and in form, in that each recording was either completely intelligible or partially unintelligible to simulate normal and impaired hearing, respectively. The emotional reactivity of the subjects was assessed with several psychometric instruments once before and again immediately after they listened to the tapes; the pre/post difference scores reflected the negative emotions elicited by the experimental manipulations. Factorial analyses of variance yielded significant main effects for each variable, hearing and feedback, but no interaction. Anxiety, depression, negative attribution, and paranoid reactions were increased by both impaired hearing and unfavorable feedback, and their adverse effects were independent and additive. PMID- 3216025 TI - Recall of figure "A" of the Bender-Gestalt test among delinquents. AB - The Bender-Gestalt test was administered to 182 Israeli adolescent males: four groups of juvenile delinquents and two of nondelinquent high-school students. Each of the delinquent groups was administered one of the following versions: a standard administration with figure A first (n = 60), a change of sequence with figure A last (n = 22), a regular sequence with figure A changed to two adjacing circles (n = 20), and with figure A changed to two adjacent diamonds (n = 20). One nondelinquent group took the test under standard administration with figure A first (n = 30), and one took it with figure A last (n = 20). The results showed significantly low recall of the original figure A by delinquents when it appeared first. This phenomenon was related to both primary effect and the design depicted in figure A, with a greater influence of the latter. Difficulties in integration were suggested as inhibiting delinquents' recall. PMID- 3216026 TI - Verbal/performance splits in inmates assessed with the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery . AB - A series of tables were created to examine the phenomenon of the overrepresentation of verbal/performance splits among incarcerated felons. Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB; Jackson, 1984) scores were obtained for 1,225 adult male felons referred to a reception and diagnostic center for evaluation. The findings suggest that there is a significant, consistent overrepresentation of verbal/performance splits, with the performance score usually higher, among incarcerated male felons. The data further suggest that this phenomenon is not linked directly to age, reading level, or general level of intelligence. PMID- 3216027 TI - Medicines registration review process in Mexico. PMID- 3216028 TI - Flunarizine-induced parkinsonism in the elderly. AB - Twenty-seven patients (19 women and 8 men, ages 63 to 88 years; mean, 74 years) displayed mild to moderate parkinsonism and altered ballistic motor performances during long-term flunarizine treatment. One month after, flunarizine withdrawal, 20 patients showed clear-cut improvements in both clinical features and ballistic motor performances; a complete recovery within 6 months was observed in all these patients but one, who still showed very mild slowness of movement. On the other hand, seven patients showed little clinical improvement and still maintained markedly altered ballistic motor performances 1 month after drug withdrawal. At the 2-month follow-up assessments, either they did not improve further or they deteriorated; they were successfully treated with L-dopa and, despite the ameliorations, after 12 to 24 months they still have definite parkinsonian syndrome. The authors conclude that (1) flunarizine, even at the recommended dose (10 mg daily), can induce reversible parkinsonism, at least in subjects older than 60; (2) the persistence of a marked symptomatology 2 months after flunarizine withdrawal should lead to starting treatment with antiparkinsonism drugs; (3) the study of ballistic movements is proposed as a useful tool for objective quantification and early detection of bradykinesia. PMID- 3216029 TI - Propranolol and inspiratory muscle performance in normal subjects. AB - We studied the effects of propranolol on respiratory muscle performance during inspiratory threshold-loaded endurance breathing in eight normal subjects. Propranolol (mean daily dose = 160 + 17 mg, SEM) reduced loaded 15-second MVV (92 versus 81 L/min;P = .01) and maximal sustainable ventilatory capacity (52.3 versus 44.5 L/min, P = .02) but did not affect the fraction of MVV, which was sustainable. Maximal static inspiratory pressures were reduced at two of three lung volumes, whereas maximal static expiratory pressures were unaffected by propranolol. The reduction in inspiratory muscle performance in the whole population could be accounted for almost entirely by four subjects who developed symptoms of "tiredness" and easy fatigability while receiving propranolol. There was no significant difference in propranolol dose, in degree of beta-receptor blockade, or in physical fitness in symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, and in neither group did propranolol alter pulmonary function test results. Propranolol directly depresses inspiratory muscle strength in subjects who develop drug induced symptoms of fatigue by a mechanism probably unrelated to beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. PMID- 3216030 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of dilevalol in normotensive volunteers. AB - The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of dilevalol following oral and intravenous administration were investigated in 12 healthy male volunteers. Dilevalol HCl was administered as a 200-mg oral tablet and a 50-mg intravenous infusion using a randomized cross-over design. Blood and urine samples were collected over 60 hours and analyzed for unchanged and total (unchanged plus Glusulase-released) dilevalol using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. After intravenous administration, total body clearance and volume of distribution of unchanged dilevalol were determined to be 23.2 mL/min/kg and 24.6 L/kg, respectively. After oral administration, a mean maximum concentration of 62 ng/mL was reached at an average peak time of 1.4 hours. Drug was eliminated with a half-life of 8.3 hours after oral administration and 12 hours after intravenous administration. Based on plasma levels and urinary excretion of total dilevalol, the drug was completely absorbed; however, due to first-pass metabolism, the absolute bioavailability of unchanged drug was 11 to 14%. PMID- 3216031 TI - Alteration of pentoxifylline pharmacokinetics by cimetidine. AB - Pentoxifylline, recently approved for the treatment of intermittent claudication, is hepatically cleared with a high degree of first-pass metabolism. Subsequently, the effect of cimetidine on pentoxifylline pharmacokinetics was studied in humans. Ten healthy subjects received, in random cross-over fashion, pentoxifylline 400 mg as a controlled-release tablet every 8 hours with and without cimetidine 300 mg four times a day for 7 days. Pentoxifylline and metabolite plasma concentrations over one dosing interval were measured on day 7 of each phase. The unavailability of an immediate-release pentoxifylline dosage form prevented a single dose trial. Cimetidine significantly increased (P less than .05) pentoxifylline area under the curve at steady state 26.2% from 675 +/- 97 (mean +/- SEM) to 852 +/- 108 ng. hr/mL. The average steady-state plasma concentration increased 27.4% from 84 +/- 12 to 107 +/- 14 ng/mL (P less than .05). Apparent oral clearance decreased 21.5% from 1309 +/- 304 to 1027 +/- 244 mL/min (P less than .02). Significant alterations in pentoxifylline metabolite concentrations were also observed. The results of this trial suggest cimetidine elevates pentoxifylline plasma concentrations, presumably by decreasing apparent oral clearance, although a reduction in total body clearance or an increase in gastric absorption could not be ruled out. PMID- 3216032 TI - Cefamandole pharmacokinetics during standard and pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefamandole during standard or pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass were studied in 13 adult cardiac surgery patients. All patients received 20 mg/kg of cefamandole intravenously at midnight before surgery, 6 AM on the morning of surgery and just prior to the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. Serum, skeletal muscle, and fat samples were taken at the beginning of CPB and at 30-minute intervals thereafter and assayed for cefamandole concentration. The average elimination rate constant and elimination half-life for cefamandole in patients undergoing standard CPB were 0.73 +/- 0.09 hour-1 and 0.94 +/- 0.11 hour, respectively. In contrast patients undergoing pulsatile CPB had significantly slower elimination rate constants (0.50 +/- 0.1 hour-1 and 1.4 +/- 0.28 hours, respectively; P less than or equal to .05). Area under the curve (AUC) values for cefamandole in fat and muscle tissue were higher in patients undergoing pulsatile CPB, but the differences were not statistically significant. Prolonged elimination from the serum, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, as compared with normal subjects, is seen with both pulsatile and standard CPB but is greater for the pulsatile method. Intraoperative dosing of cefamandole is required to maintain adequate serum and tissue levels for operations lasting longer than 4 or 6 hours in which standard or pulsatile CPB, respectively, are used. PMID- 3216033 TI - Drug control in Israel. PMID- 3216034 TI - You and your drinking water: health implications for the use of cation exchange water softeners. PMID- 3216035 TI - Lack of unique ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetic characteristics in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - The single-dose pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin 750 mg were evaluated in six subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF subjects) and six age, sex and approximate weight-matched control subjects (controls). In addition, the effect of concurrently administered oral pancreatic enzyme replacement on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin was studied in 12 CF subjects. Ciprofloxacin t1/2, VSSF, CLF, and CLR in the matched CF subjects averaged 4.5 hours, 2.8 L/kg, 2.73 mL/min/kg and 5.7 mL/min/kg, respectively. Forty-two percent of the ciprofloxacin dose was excreted in the urine (0-48 hours) as the parent compound. No statistically significant differences in these ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were observed between CF and control subjects. In three CF subjects and two controls, the urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin and four of its metabolities were similar. In contrast, CF subjects demonstrated a prolonged tmax (2.3 versus 1.3 hours P less than .05) though ciprofloxacin Cmax was similar (4.7 versus 3.8 mg/L, NS). The concurrent administration of oral pancreatic enzyme replacement had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin. Apparent ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters in sputum were similar to those observed in serum. Sputum ciprofloxacin concentrations lagged behind serum concentrations but, on average, exceeded serum concentrations for 20 hours of the 24-hour sampling period. These sputum ciprofloxacin concentrations exceeded the reported MIC90 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa for approximately 15 hours. These data suggest an oral ciprofloxacin dose of 750 mg administered q8h to promote accumulation and maintenance of sputum drug concentrations well above pathogen MICs for the majority of a dosing interval in patients with CF. PMID- 3216036 TI - Absolute bioavailability of cefixime in man. AB - In a four-way cross-over study, the absolute bioavailability of cefixime was determined in 16 healthy volunteers. Each subject received a single 200-mg dose as an intravenous (IV) and oral solution, and 200-mg and 400-mg capsule doses of the drug. Blood and urine samples were collected for 24 hours after each dose. Cefixime was well tolerated after IV and oral doses of the drug and no serious drug-related adverse effects were observed. The maximal serum concentration (Cmax) of cefixime following the 200-mg oral solution and 200-mg and 400-mg capsule doses were 3.22, 2.92, and 4.84 micrograms/mL, respectively. Mean area under the serum concentration time curves (AUC) following the IV, 200-mg oral solution, and 200-mg and 400-mg capsule doses were 47.0, 26.0, 23.6, and 39.4 micrograms.hr/mL, respectively. Mean elimination half-life values of the drug were comparable after oral and IV doses, ranging from 3.2 to 3.5 hours. Based on serum AUC values, the absolute bioavailability of cefixime was 52.3%, 47.9%, and 40.2% after the 200-mg oral solution, 200-mg capsule and 400-mg capsule doses, respectively. Respective ratios based on 24-hour urinary recovery data were 44.7%, 41.7%, and 40.5%. Therefore, the results show that the percent of cefixime adsorbed after 200-mg and 400-mg oral doses was similar. PMID- 3216037 TI - The absorption and disposition of enoxacin in healthy subjects. AB - Enoxacin is a new orally active, synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drug of the fluorinated quinolone class. The pharmacokinetics and renal handling of this drug have not been thoroughly investigated, in particular, with specific analytical methodology. Sixteen healthy, young subjects received a single 400-mg oral dose of enoxacin after an overnight fast and multiple blood samples and all urine were collected for 33 hours. Enoxacin in plasma and urine and oxo-enoxacin in urine were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Enoxacin was absorbed rapidly, with tmax values ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 hours. The variability in the AUC values of 35% was reduced to 23% when variations in body weight were taken into consideration. The terminal half-life ranged from 4.2 to 6.8 hours and the unbound fraction in plasma was 0.33 +/- 0.07. In urine, 44 +/- 9% of the dose was recovered as unchanged enoxacin and 5.4 +/- 3.9% as oxo enoxacin; there was no evidence of conjugates of enoxacin in urine. Renal clearance of enoxacin was 230 +/- 92 mL/min, with 17 +/- 8% of this being due to glomerular filtration and 83 +/- 8% being due to tubular secretion. These data indicate that the major potential drug interactions affecting enoxacin disposition are likely with drugs competing for renal proximal tubular secretion and hepatic elimination. These conclusions regarding enoxacin are likely to be applicable to the fluorinated quinolones in general. PMID- 3216038 TI - The correlation of vinblastine pharmacokinetics to toxicity in testicular cancer patients. AB - The clinical pharmacokinetics of vinblastine administered by continuous 5-day infusion (3 mg/m2/day) was studied in 12 patients with primary testicular cancer. Serum vinblastine concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay on serum collected over a 10-day period. Steady-state vinblastine concentrations were achieved within 60 to 108 hours (median, 72 hours). Vinblastine pharmacokinetics were analyzed and correlated to hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity. Hematologic toxicity was severe (granulocytopenia of less than 500/microL) in all patients; however, no correlation of vinblastine pharmacokinetics to duration of granulocytopenia or nadir was noted. Nonhematologic toxicity, however, showed a direct correlation to steady-state vinblastine concentrations. Two distinct groups of patients were identified by a toxicity score evaluating nonhematologic toxicity: as low (group A) or high (group B). The toxicity score was calculated for each patient based on accumulated toxicity during the course of treatment. The mean toxicity score for all patients was 7.11 and for groups (A and B) it was 4.0 and 9.6, respectively (P = .02). Steady-state vinblastine concentration for each patient was compared with toxicity where the mean steady-state vinblastine concentration was 7.3 ng/mL for all patients, and 5.8 ng/mL and 8.5 ng/mL for groups A and B, respectively (P = .01). These steady-state vinblastine concentrations correlated directly with the mean toxicity scores revealing that patients with high steady-state vinblastine concentrations demonstrated more nonhematologic toxicity. Application of these data to pharmacokinetically directed studies are warranted to investigate this relationship and designate dosages of vinblastine to avoid excessive toxicity. PMID- 3216039 TI - Pharmacokinetic profile of OPC-8212 in humans: a new, nonglycosidic, inotropic agent. AB - OPC-8212, a new inotropic agent, was administered orally as a single 7.5-, 15-, 30-, 60-, 120-, or 240-mg dose in a sequentially ascending order to 21 male healthy volunteers to determine the pharmacokinetic profile. Each volunteer received one of the six doses after an overnight fast. After the single-dose study was completed and the safety and tolerability were ascertained, 3 of the 21 volunteers participated in a 15-day repeated-dose (30 mg once daily) study to determine the steady-state kinetic profile. The AUC0-infinity and Cmax values were proportional to doses (mg or mg/kg, P less than .001). The mean elimination t1/2, apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and percentage fraction of dose excreted unchanged in urine up to 336 hours postdose (fe0-336) appeared to be comparable among the six single doses examined. The overall mean (+/- SEM) kinetic parameters obtained from the 21 subjects were: 44.7 +/- 1.2 hours for t1/2, 0.284 +/- 0.018 L/hr or 4.49 +/- 0.28 mL/hr/kg for CL/F, and 17.7 +/- 0.9% for fe0-336. A steady state of the drug appeared to be attained by about day 9 after the initiation of the repeated dosing: the mean postdose 2- and 24-hour plasma drug concentrations observed during days 9 to 15 ranged from 6.3 +/- 0.5 micrograms/mL to 6.9 +/- 0.6 micrograms/mL and from 3.6 +/- 0.7 micrograms/mL to 4.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/mL, respectively. The mean fraction of the daily dose excreted unchanged in urine over the dosing interval (fe0-r) during days 9 to 15 ranged from 19.2 +/- 1.4% to 25.6 +/- 0.6%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216040 TI - The effect of various postphlebotomy storage conditions on drug levels. AB - Monitoring drug levels in patients is standard practice in presentday critical care medicine. Clinical laboratories, however, are often unable to assay drug levels immediately following phlebotomy. This may result in blood samples being kept under a variety of storage conditions for nonuniform periods of time. The current study evaluated the stability of eight frequently monitored medications and one of their metabolities, in whole blood and plasma, at 4 degrees C or 25 degrees C, for up to 72 hours. The drugs included antibiotics, a bronchodilator, antiarrhythmics, and an anticonvulsant. Significant changes in drug levels were not identified at the time points studied. Our data suggests that meticulous postphlebotomy handling of blood samples may not be essential to obtain accurate levels of the drugs studied. PMID- 3216041 TI - Dental office design. PMID- 3216042 TI - Suggestions for implementing infection control guidelines in your office. PMID- 3216044 TI - How to computerize your dental office. PMID- 3216043 TI - Referrals--a quality of care issue. PMID- 3216045 TI - Of truth and ghosts in the dental literature. PMID- 3216046 TI - Neurocytology of the cerebral ganglion of Fasciola hepatica (Platyhelminthes). AB - An ultrastructural study of the organization and fine structure of the nervous system of the parasitic flatworm Fasciola hepatica was undertaken. The brain consists of paired cerebral ganglia, located just posterior to the oral sucker, that are connected by a transverse commissure which crosses over the dorsal surface of the pharynx. The cell bodies of the cerebral ganglia are not organized into a clearly defined rind around the neuropile but are loosely scattered around and within the neuropile area. The neuropile consists of two morphologically distinct types of unmyelinated nerve processes. The small nerve processes, with smooth cell membranes, are less than 2 micron in diameter, whereas the "giant" processes are greater than 12 micron in diameter and have extensively invaginated cell membranes. Giant processes make up the bulk of the nerve fibers in the transverse commissure and longitudinal nerve cords. Four morphological types of vesicles are present in the small processes; small clear vesicles (which were found associated with synapses), spheroidal and ellipsoidal dense vesicles, and dense-core vesicles. Two types of synapses are found in the neuropile: simple synapses characterized by pre- and postsynaptic membrane densities, clusters of small clear vesicles, and a clear synaptic cleft; and wedge-shaped synapses or divergent diads each having one presynaptic process synapsing onto two postsynaptic processes. Synaptic contacts were observed only between small processes; no synapses were observed on the cell bodies or on giant processes. PMID- 3216047 TI - Three-dimensional counting: an accurate and direct method to estimate numbers of cells in sectioned material. AB - We introduce a way to count and measure cells in an optically defined volume of tissue called a counting box. This method--direct three-dimensional counting (3DC)--eliminates the need for correction factors, such as that introduced by Abercrombie (Anat. Rec. 94:239-247,'46), to determine the number of cells per unit volume (NV). Problems caused by irregular cell shape and cell size, nonrandom orientation, and splitting of cells by the knife during sectioning are overcome. Furthermore, 3DC is insensitive to large variations in section thickness. The innovative feature of 3DC is the definition of a counting box with top and bottom sides located inside the section a precise distance away from the cut surfaces of the tissue. The positions of the top and bottom sides of the counting box are delimited by using a digital length gauge and a Z-axis control unit. Sections of tissue between 8 and 100 micron thick are examined with a high numerical aperture objective in combination with video-enhanced differential interference contrast optics (DIC). Cells are marked on a television screen while the microscopist scans systematically from the top to the bottom of the counting box. Cells that are located completely inside the box and cells that only cross through its top, right, or back sides are counted. All cells that cross the planes that define the bottom, left, and front sides of the counting box are not counted. Direct 3DC provides an accurate, simple, and reliable way to count cells, nuclei, nucleoli, or other objects in sectioned material.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216048 TI - Forebrain connections of the gustatory system in ictalurid catfishes. AB - Horseradish peroxidase tracing and extracellular electrophysiological recording techniques were employed to delineate prosencephalic connections of the gustatory system in ictalurid catfishes. The isthmic secondary gustatory nucleus projects rostrally to several areas of the ventral diencephalon including the nucleus lobobulbaris and the nucleus lateralis thalami. Injections of HRP in the vicinity of the nucleus lobobulbaris reveal an ascending projection to the telencephalon terminating in the area dorsalis pars medialis (Dm) and the medial region of area dorsalis pars centralis (Dc). Conversely, injections of HRP into the gustatory region of area dorsalis pars medialis label small neurons in the nucleus lobobulbaris. Gustatory neurons in the telencephalon send descending projections via the medial and lateral forebrain bundles to several nuclei in the anterior and ventroposterior diencephalon. The nucleus lateralis thalami, a diencephalic nucleus, receives ascending gustatory projections from the secondary gustatory nucleus but does not project to the telencephalon. Neurons in both the nucleus lateralis thalami and the telencephalic gustatory target exhibit multiple extraoral and oral receptive fields and complex responses to chemical (taste) and tactile stimulation. PMID- 3216049 TI - Effects of hydroxyurea parallel the effects of radiation in developing olfactory glomeruli in insects. AB - Previous observations (Oland and Tolbert: J. Comp. Neurol. 255:196-207, '87, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 13:1144, '87; Oland et al.: J. Neurosci. 8:353-367, '88) have provided evidence that the afferent-axon-induced development of synaptic glomeruli in the antennal lobe of the moth Manduca sexta depends upon an interaction between ingrowing sensory axons and the glial cells of the antennal lobe. In order to differentiate between the roles of glial cells and of afferent axons on the partitioning of the lobe into glomeruli, we have used the antimitotic agent hydroxyurea to produce lobes deficient in glial cells but retaining sensory input. The resulting lobes were analyzed in the light and electron microscopes, and the integrity of their antennal input was evaluated by examining the gross and microscopic structure of the antennae, the number of antennal afferent axons, and electroantennogram responses to odors. Our results with hydroxyurea show that in treated animals with adequate antennal input the degree to which the antennal-lobe neuropil becomes glomerular varies with the number of glial cells remaining in the lobe; when less than approximately one quarter of the normal glial complement is present, glomeruli do not develop at all. These experiments complement and extend previous experiments in which the number of glial cells was reduced with radiation (Oland et al.: J. Neurosci. 8:353-367, '88). The fact that the present results mimic the previous results with radiation strongly suggest that glial cells do mediate the afferent-axon induced formation of olfactory glomeruli in the moth. PMID- 3216050 TI - Relationship between cortical lamination and texture sensitivity in complex neurones of the striate cortex in cats. AB - The present study provides detailed anatomical evidence that the strongly texture sensitive complex neurones of the cat's striate cortex constitute a discrete subset of all complex neurones, and lie in two bands, deep in lamina III and in lamina V. Physiological properties of simple and complex striate cortical neurones were characterized extracellularly in lightly anaesthetized cats by use of micropipettes filled with 12% Fast Green FCF dye in 2.0 M sodium chloride. Complex neurones were further subdivided on the basis of their length-summating properties for an optimally oriented bar into "standard," "special," or "intermediate" categories and on the basis of their tuning and degree of sensitivity to motion of random texture. Extracellular dye marks were made at strategic locations along each microelectrode track, especially at the site of recording from strongly texture-sensitive complex neurones. Tracks were reconstructed with the aid of the histologically recovered dye marks in sections counterstained with cresyl violet to reveal cortical lamination. The results confirm and refine the inference made by Hammond and MacKay (Exp. Brain Res. 22:427-430, '75; Exp. Brain Res. 30:275-296, '77) and the gross observations from 2-deoxyglucose uptake studies by Wagner, Hoffmann, and Zwerger (Brain Res. 224:31 43, '81) concerning the laminar distribution of texture-sensitive complex neurones in the cat's striate cortex. PMID- 3216051 TI - Lumbar lateral motor column development in triploid Xenopus laevis. AB - The effects of increasing ploidy on the development of the lumbar lateral motor column (L-LMC) in Xenopus laevis were investigated in order to determine how early events contribute to producing the significant difference in the average number of motoneurons present in diploid and triploid animals after cell death (Sperry: J. Comp. Neurol. 277:499-508, '88). From naturally occurring diploid and experimentally produced triploid siblings at two stages prior to significant amounts of neuronal cell death, at one stage during the peak period of cell death, and at one stage after cell death, the L-LMC motoneurons were counted and nuclear cross-sectional areas were measured. At stages before and after cell death, the average nuclear cross-sectional areas of motoneurons and of other cells that were also measured were greater in the triploids, while the average number of motoneurons and motoneuron density (the mean number of cells per section) were less. Average body size and average motor column length in diploid and triploid animals were equal at each of the stages. The general characteristics of L-LMC development that have been widely noted in diploids, an increase in cell size accompanied by a decrease in cell number, were also observed in the triploid animals. However, not only were these general features present in the triploids, but the increase in average motoneuron size and the decrease in average motoneuron number in diploids and triploids were roughly equal when scaled to the general differences in nuclear size or to the difference in the average number of motoneurons present prior to cell death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216052 TI - Numbers of synapses in laminae I-IV of the rat dorsal horn. AB - The present study determines numerical densities (NVsyn) and total numbers of synaptic discs in laminae I-IV of the rat S2 dorsal horn. Previous methods for NVsyn have the advantage of being relatively simple, but these assume that the discs are round, flat, and of uniform size. In our material, serial reconstructions indicate that these assumptions are not met. Accordingly we use a stereological method that is not as dependent on these assumptions. This method is to divide the surface density of the discs by the mean surface area of a disc (NVsyn = SVsyn/Ssyn). We refer to this as a reconstruction method because synaptic discs are reconstructed from serial sections. We also calculate numerical densities by several previously used standard methods, and the findings are similar but not identical. We find that numerical density and total synaptic numbers are smallest in lamina I, and densities and total numbers are not significantly different when lamina II is compared to laminae III and IV. Thus the intense labeling of terminals with certain compounds that characterize lamina I and II does not imply an increase in total synaptic numbers or in synaptic density. In addition there is a general increase in synaptic densities and numbers as one proceeds from lamina I to lamina IV. Another point is that the numerical density of synapses in the dorsal horn is approximately that of the cerebral cortex. These data will serve as a basis from which to judge the effects of denervations and other manipulations that purportedly change synaptic numbers. PMID- 3216053 TI - GABA as a potential transmitter in lizard photoreceptors: immunocytochemical and biochemical evidence. AB - The retina of the desert night lizard, Xantusia vigilis, was examined for immunoreactivity to antibodies against gamma-aminobutyric acid and L-glutamate decarboxylase. At the electron microscopic level it was found that a distinct population of the photoreceptor cells was immunoreactive to both antibodies. Computer-assisted reconstruction of serial sections positively identified the immunoreactive receptors as cones. These cones constituted 15% of the photoreceptors in the retinal sections, and they were morphologically distinct. The mean diameter of the labeled cone synaptic pedicles was 5.8 micron whereas that of the unlabeled pedicles was 7.9 micron, a statistically significant difference. L-glutamate decarboxylase was extracted from the lizard brain, positively identified radiometrically, and shown by immunodiffusion to crossreact with the antibody used for localization. The authors suggest that the immunoreactive cones synthesize and accumulate gamma-aminobutyric acid. Whether or not it is used by those cones as a neurotransmitter should be tested directly. PMID- 3216054 TI - Use of California Mastitis Test, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and antitrypsin to diagnose caprine subclinical mastitis. AB - Analysis of 448 milk samples (11 herds) from caprine udder halves showed that microorganisms were isolated from 21.8% of the samples. California Mastitis Test (CMT) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGase) were superior to antitrypsin in detecting subclinical infections. Coagulase-negative staphylococci and micrococci were the main species isolated from halves showing no clinical disease. Coagulase positive staphylococcal infections were associated with a significant increase of all inflammatory parameters. Significantly increased CMT and NAGase occurred when streptococci, other staphylococci or micrococci were present. Infection within one half was reflected as an increase in the inflammatory parameters in the milk of the infected half as well as a slight increase in the inflammation parameters in the adjoining half. PMID- 3216055 TI - Consequences of diagnostic errors in mastitis therapy trials. AB - The effect of errors that occur in the diagnosis of intramammary infectious mastitis on the precision of experiments measuring the efficacy of mastitis therapy has been investigated. Diagnostic errors within the range found by experienced workers can create large biases in the apparent cure rate of therapy particularly at cure rates of less than 0.5. Using confirmed methods of diagnosis rather than single samples and reducing the probabilities of false positive and false negative diagnoses to 0.01 and 0.05 respectively, the biases in the apparent cure rates are reduced to acceptable levels. A method is given for calculating the rates of occurrence of false positive and false negative diagnoses from the results of trials using confirmed diagnoses. These errors cannot be calculated from therapy trial data when diagnosis is based on single milk samples. Because the bias in the measurements of the cure rate is greatest at the lowest levels of elimination, estimates of spontaneous recovery in untreated quarters have the greatest error. For this reason experiments incorporating an untreated control group of infected quarters usually reduce the precision of the therapy trials. An experiment in which the efficacy of a test product is measured relative to a reference product has advantages. It minimizes the difficulties arising from scale of measurement, diagnostic errors and herd differences in response rate, and makes possible comparisons between trials. Further investigations are required on the importance of spontaneous recovery, particularly for studies of Escherichia coli therapy and dry period therapy. The results of this investigation have relevance to all types of mastitis investigation that measure the change in mastitis status of udder quarters, i.e. new infection rates. PMID- 3216057 TI - Variability of reduced glutathione levels in Massese ewes and its effect on daily milk production. AB - The variability of the erythrocyte concentration of the tripeptide glutathione was studied in four flocks of Massese sheep. A relationship was found between glutathione level and stage of lactation in which the second month showed the lowest content. Genotype at transferrin and haemoglobin loci was associated with glutathione levels. Homozygotes at the transferrin locus yielded higher levels, while the D allele at the same locus was associated with lower concentrations. Animals with haemoglobin AA showed higher contents of glutathione. Also, a negative correlation was found between daily milk production and glutathione level. PMID- 3216056 TI - Distribution of lysosomal enzymes within the non-secretory epithelium of the bovine mammary gland. AB - The levels of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and acid phosphatase were analysed in tissue from the teat and lactiferous sinus epithelia of dairy cows at different stages of lactation. Enzyme levels were lower in the epithelia of the teat sinus than of the lactiferous sinus. For both enzymes, levels were highest in tissue from post-partum glands, lowest in those from dry and mid-lactation glands. In involuting glands the levels were high, but not as high as the post partum glands. PMID- 3216059 TI - The effect of food texture on the replication of jaw movements in mastication. PMID- 3216058 TI - Distribution of cholesterol in milk fat fractions. AB - Milk fat was fractionated into liquid (m.p. congruent to 12 degrees C), intermediate (m.p. congruent to 21 degrees C) and solid (m.p. congruent to 39 degrees C) fractions by three different processes--melt crystallization, short path distillation and supercritical CO2 extraction--and the cholesterol content of these fractions determined. Cholesterol was enriched in the liquid fractions from all three processes, in particular about 80% of the cholesterol being found in the liquid fraction obtained by short-path distillation. The basis of migration of cholesterol into various milk fat fractions was explained by its affinity to various triglycerides (melt crystallization) and by vapour pressure and molecular weight (short-path distillation). It was more complex in the supercritical CO2 extraction process; the interplay of cholesterol affinity toward CO2 and its molar volume, and its vapour pressure enhancement under applied pressure play a role. PMID- 3216060 TI - Design and analysis of clinical trials. PMID- 3216061 TI - Treatment of denture stomatitis by a sustained drug-delivery device: a preliminary study. PMID- 3216062 TI - The effect of smear layer removal on the in vitro cytotoxicity of four dental restorative materials. PMID- 3216063 TI - Autoradiographic determination of penetration of phosphoric acid during cementation in vitro. PMID- 3216064 TI - Organophosphorus insecticides for the control of pyrethroid-resistant horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae). PMID- 3216065 TI - Pyrethroid-synergist mixtures: toxicity, resistance and field efficacy toward pyrethroid-resistant horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae). PMID- 3216066 TI - Efficacy, nontarget effects, and chemical persistence of S-31183, a promising mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) control agent. PMID- 3216067 TI - Toxic and morphological effects of Bacillus thuringiensis preparations on larval stages of the oriental rat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). PMID- 3216068 TI - Mortality of eggs and larvae obtained from house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) exposed to triflumuron residues. PMID- 3216069 TI - How quickly does diet make for change? A study of weight in dental students. PMID- 3216070 TI - Depression in child psychiatric inpatients: cognitive and attributional patterns. AB - Cognitive and learned helplessness models of depression view maladaptive cognitive and attributional patterns as core features of depressive disorders. This study examined cognitive and attributional patterns in depressed children, nondepressed children, and a subgroup of remitting depressives who had histories of depression but were not reporting depressive symptoms when evaluated during the first 2 weeks of hospitalization. When compared with nondepressed controls, depressed children reported significantly more hopelessness, more negative self perceptions, and negative self-perceptions across a wider variety of domains, and they displayed more dysfunctional attributional styles. While 55% of depressed children displayed pervasive maladaptive cognitive patterns, the other 45% of depressed children scored more similarly to nondepressed children, suggesting that childhood depressive disorders may be heterogeneous with respect to cognitive patterns. Contrary to the notion of traitlike depressive cognitive and attributional patterns that persist after the remission of depressive episodes, children with remitting depressions scored similarly to nondepressed children. PMID- 3216071 TI - A psychometric study of positive and negative nominations and the pupil evaluation inventory. AB - Two peer evaluation measures, the Pupil Evaluation Inventory (PEI) and positive and negative nominations were compared in a sample of 260 children in grades 1 to 5. Stabilities of the measures were assessed over a 4-month period. In the total sample, PEI factors and negative nominations were more stable than positive nominations, and PEI Aggression and Withdrawal scores were more stable than negative nominations. PEI Aggression and Withdrawal scores were more stable in grades 3 and 5 than in grade 1, and the Likability factor was more stable in grades 2 to 5 than in grade 1. Negative nominations were most strongly correlated with the PEI Aggression factor, and positive nominations were more strongly correlated with Likability than with Aggression. Implications for the use of these nomination measures are discussed. PMID- 3216072 TI - Focused attention in pervasively hyperactive children. AB - This experiment was designed to investigate the hypothesized distractibility of hyperactive children in a focused attention task. Distractibility was defined in terms of Shiffrin and Schneider's model of focused attention as the ability to ignore irrelevant in favor of relevant information. Failure to inhibit processing of irrelevant information indicates a focused attention deficit. Task efficiency in all children decreased when irrelevant information was presented. The mean reaction time, within-subject variance of reaction time, and error percentage all increased compared with a nondistraction condition. Thus, the demands of focused attention, as formulated in the model, were measured optimally. Since hyperactives and controls did not differ significantly with respect to task efficiency in the distraction condition, a focused attention deficit in hyperactives was not demonstrated. The hyperactives did nevertheless make more errors and their responding was more variable than the controls. However, the difference in error percentages between hyperactives and controls was associated with the difference in IQ. It is speculated that the variable responding in hyperactives is caused by a less optimal state of performance unrelated to distractibility. PMID- 3216073 TI - Controlled processing and vigilance in hyperactivity: time will tell. AB - This paper reviews the concept of sustained attention, placing it within a theoretical framework in which deficits of attention are conceived of as deficits of controlled information processing. Two types of deficit of sustained attention are distinguished: perceptual sensitivity and perceptual criterion. These two deficits are linked to a model of human performance that links controlled processes to the energetic pools: arousal and activation. Perceptual sensitivity (d') deficits are said to reflect arousal deficiencies, especially when observed in the early period of a vigil. Perceptual criterion deficits are associated with the activation pool and the response criterion measure beta. Despite clear evidence of perceptual deficiency in the hyperactive children to a greater extent than in the control group, and that performance in d' declined with time on task, a significant interaction failed to occur between group classification and time on task. Thus, the results failed to support the hypothesis of a sustained attention deficit in hyperactives, since if hyperactives have a sustained attention deficit, both d' and beta should have shown a significantly greater decline in the hyperactive group than in the controls with time on task. PMID- 3216074 TI - Production deficiencies in elicited language but not in the spontaneous verbalizations of hyperactive children. AB - Setting and task conditions were assessed for their effects on the language of hyperactive children. Verbal data were recorded for 22 hyperactive children and 22 elementary-age controls during four storytelling tasks and transitions, and under two conditions of a nonverbal performance task in a counterbalanced order. Findings were that hyperactive children were more spontaneously talkative than their classmates during transitions and nonverbal tasks (nonelicited conditions) but were less talkative when they were asked to tell stories (elicited conditions). These findings and those attributable to the story comparisons were interpreted in line with the optimal stimulation theory, which suggests that minimal stimulus input (delays and nonelicited conditions) precipitate excessive verbal activity from hyperactive children. Production deficiencies, on the other hand, were specific to type of stimulus input to be processed. Stories requiring organization and planning without the external structure or salience of visual cues (a sequence of word cards or pictures) produced production deficiencies. PMID- 3216075 TI - Perceptions of communication, cohesion, and adaptability in families of adolescents with and without learning handicaps. AB - Adaptability, cohesion, and communication patterns were studied in 30 families of learning-handicapped adolescents and 30 families of nonhandicapped adolescents. Parent and adolescent perspectives on each of these variables were solicited. The results indicated that adolescents in each of these groups had similar perspectives on adaptability, cohesion, and communication. The parents of the learning-handicapped adolescents, however, felt that their families were less cohesive and had lower levels of communication about problems than did their offspring. When levels of communication were related to adaptability and cohesion, it was evident for both groups that the families with high reported cohesiveness had the most positive communication patterns. Additionally, adolescents rated their families higher on communication if they also perceived a greater amount of flexibility in adaptation. PMID- 3216076 TI - Childhood nocturnal enuresis: the prediction of premature withdrawal from behavioral conditioning. AB - Predictors of premature withdrawal from a 12-week program of behavioral conditioning for childhood nocturnal enuresis were examined for 47 children treated at a university outpatient clinic. All children were administered the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale; parents completed the 55-item Behavior Problem Checklist and the Tolerance Scale for Enuresis. Parents also reported the methods (i.e., random awakening, restriction of fluids, rewards, punishment, medication, other) previously used to control their child's wetting. A stepwise discriminant function analysis revealed that the function containing number of previous techniques used, presence of child behavior problems, and parent tolerance of enuresis was a significant predictor of early termination of treatment. PMID- 3216077 TI - Time-delay discrimination training with impulsive children: self-monitoring nonwait responses and the dimensions of prompts. AB - This study investigated whether in time-delay discrimination training, the performance of impulsive children can be improved by requiring self-monitoring of the correctness of nonwait responses, and to what extent these improvements are a function of the dimensions of the prompts. Four experiments, in each of which multiple prompts were used, one for each stimulus (S+, S-), were done. Comparisons between time delay of distinctive- and nondistinctive-feature prompts, with and without self-monitoring, were made across and within subjects. Time delay of distinctive-feature prompts without self-monitoring did not produce learning. The added requirement of self-monitoring nonwait responses led to a dramatic improvement in performance, but only when distinctive-feature cues were used for prompting and self-monitoring. PMID- 3216078 TI - The relationship of early adolescent functioning to parent-reported and adolescent-perceived interparental conflict. AB - Is an adolescent's perception of interparental conflict important or is the parents' report of such conflict sufficient to predict adolescent functioning? To examine this question, a study was undertaken with 178 young adolescents and their mothers, fathers, and social studies teachers. Adolescents completed a measure of their perceptions of interparental conflict while mothers and fathers completed a self-report measure of their conflict. Teachers provided an assessment of each adolescent's cognitive and social functioning at two separate times, 1 year apart. Results indicated that both parental report, particularly maternal, and adolescent perception of interparental conflict were significantly related to adolescent cognitive and social functioning, and the magnitude of the correlations did not differ significantly. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed in which mother and father report of conflict was forced into the equation initially and adolescent perception of such conflict was allowed to enter freely. These analyses indicated that adolescents' perceptions accounted for unique variance in their functioning, beyond that accounted for by parental report. The results are discussed in terms of the specific roles that parental conflict and adolescent perceptions of such conflict play and the possible mechanisms by which each operates. PMID- 3216079 TI - "Ethics in academe". PMID- 3216080 TI - Ethical conduct in professional administration. PMID- 3216081 TI - Factors influencing dental career choice. A survey of currently-enrolled students and implications for recruitment. PMID- 3216082 TI - Clinical dental ethics: defining an ethic for practicing professionals. PMID- 3216083 TI - Association between job stress and perceived quality of life. PMID- 3216084 TI - AIDS Awareness Week: an operational model. PMID- 3216085 TI - Health education as a component of campus bulimia treatment programs. PMID- 3216086 TI - American College Health Association. Statement on tobacco use on college and university campuses May 1988. PMID- 3216087 TI - Determination of pyridine nucleotide contents of cell monolayers by bioluminescence. AB - In this paper, we describe methods to assay specifically the NAD+, the NADP+, the NADH and the NADPH contents of cell monolayers. After an acid or an alkaline extraction, respectively for the oxidized or the reduced pyridine nucleotides, each type of nucleotide can be separately quantified with the use first, of specific reducing enzymes (lactate or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases), followed by a bioluminescence enzymatic reaction [NADP(H)-FMN oxidoreductase and luciferase]. The assays hence developed are sensitive, reliable and specific. An application of the method with pulmonary alveolar macrophage monolayers is also described. PMID- 3216088 TI - A spectrophotometric assay for the degradation of the siderophore deferrioxamine B. AB - A spectrophotometric assay using ferric perchlorate in a perchloric acid solution has been developed to monitor the degradation of the trihydroxamate siderophore deferrioxamine B to monohydroxamates. Using the ferric perchlorate solution and employing various concentrations of acetohydroxamic acid (as the model monohydroxamic acid) while maintaining a constant amount of deferrioxamine B resulted in the shifting of the absorption maximum from that of ferrioxamine B to longer wavelengths and toward that of a pure ferri-acetomonohydroxamic acid solution. A similar result was noted when a cell-free extract, from a bacterium capable of using deferrioxamine B as its sole carbon source, was given the siderophore in a phosphate buffer and aliquots of the enzyme-deferrioxamine B solution were removed for analysis. The assay may thus be used to monitor the formation of the monohydroxamic acid degradation products of the siderophore by the enzyme(s) in the cell-free extract. PMID- 3216089 TI - Biochemical method for molecular weight determinations of proteins and other macromolecules. AB - The invertase of Ricinus communis complexes with proteins, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, heparin and dextran sulfate. This association produces an increase of invertase activity. The minimal concentration of activator giving the maximal activation was attained at the same molarity for a given amount of enzyme for all macromolecules studied. These conditions are used for the molecular weight determination of the activating substance. The method may be used for the molecular weight determination of polymeric substances with a molecular weight in the range from 5000 to 1000,000 Da. PMID- 3216090 TI - Preparation of human hemoglobin Ao for possible use as a blood substitute. AB - A procedure is presented for the preparation of a purified fraction of adult human hemoglobin (HbAo) from one unit of outdated blood. The entire process requires less than 16 h and gives a sterile, endotoxin-free solution of HbAo (approximately 30 g) in a yield of 50%. The solutions are isoionic with a conductivity of less than 15 mu mhos and less than 2 mmol total phosphorus per mol heme. The methemoglobin content is less than 1% and on storage at 4 degrees C rises less than 1% per month. PMID- 3216091 TI - Device for measuring native fluorescence of lenses. PMID- 3216093 TI - Personality disorder and outcome in the treatment of late-life depression. PMID- 3216092 TI - Self psychology--its application to brief psychotherapy with the elderly. PMID- 3216094 TI - A model of time-limited treatment for the older patient. AB - In conclusion, brief treatment can be offered to a majority of patients when focused around current difficulties in the life structure, as opposed to past unconscious dynamic conflicts relived in the transference. Some aspects of the life structure, of course, are also unconscious, namely, those having to do with attempted solutions to core personality conflicts and those reflecting modes of ego functioning. We have utilized Loevinger's model of stages of ego development to understand the latter aspect. Personality and cognitive operations are the portals through which life-cycle tasks are experienced and interpreted. In order to formulate the problems of the life structure and of accomplishment of life tasks, the clinician must understand the major dynamic issues as they present themselves within the particular stage of ego development. In our example, Mr. S.'s sense of defect and injury was processed within a fairly "high level" of development which enabled him to undertake the therapeutic task with considerable autonomy and initiative, compatible with his view of himself and optimal interaction with others. Presentation of a therapeutic task or focus which fits the dynamic issues and the developmental stage in a manner which is readily comprehensible and relevant to the patient is the major task of the therapist in brief treatment. In this model, the patient uses the therapy to work on a life task and life structure in a goal-oriented manner jointly constructed with the therapist. This reality orientation and focus on aspects of the person closest to awareness make the model applicable to a broad spectrum of patients and to a time limited setting in which the work can be done in different phases over time. PMID- 3216095 TI - Structure of the fetal sheep brain in experimental growth retardation. AB - A quantitative morphometric study of brain development has been made in growth retarded fetal sheep. Intrauterine growth retardation was induced by removal of endometrial caruncles in the ewe prior to conception thereby reducing the size of the placenta in a subsequent pregnancy. Total brain and cerebellar weights were reduced by 21% (P less than 0.002) and the cerebrum by 20% (P less than 0.05) in the growth-retarded fetuses at 139 +/- 1 day (term = 146 days) compared with age matched control fetuses. Measurements of mean neuronal diameters were made on Purkinje cells, cerebellar granule cells, cortical cells in the motor and visual areas and hippocampal pyramidal cells; none were significantly different from control values. In growth-retarded fetuses compared with controls, there was a significant reduction in the thickness of the motor and visual cortices and the numerical density of neurones was significantly higher in these areas. In the cerebellar vermis, the number of Purkinje cells per unit surface area of Purkinje cell layer was higher, the numerical density of granule cells was significantly higher concomitant with a reduction in the area of the inner granular layer, and the area of the molecular layer was also reduced. In the hippocampal formation, the numerical density of pyramidal neurones was higher and the width of the stratum moleculare (dentate gyrus) was reduced. Migration of pyramidal neurones from the germinal layer to stratum pyramidale was not affected. These findings indicate that intrauterine growth retardation does not markedly affect cell size or neuronal migration (in the hippocampus) but does cause a significant reduction in the growth of the neuropil in the cerebellum, motor and visual cortices and the hippocampal formation. PMID- 3216096 TI - Male mediated caffeine effects over two generations of rats. AB - Caffeine exposure of a male rat prior to mating affected his progeny and the progeny of a second generation. The dose chosen, 30 mg/kg per day given orally, was approximately equivalent to a caffeine intake of 10-12 cups of brewed coffee daily. In the first (F1) generation caffeine consumption of the sires for a minimum period of 15 days prior to mating with drug naive females, caused significant fetal growth retardation of both sexes and an increased postnatal mortality of pups between weeks 1 and 2, many of which displayed characteristics of runts. Persistent caffeine effects were also found in a second (F2) generation obtained by back breeding male and female F1 offspring from control and treated groups. The F2 pups of both sexes, from the female breeding line, were born significantly heavier when compared with their control counterparts. In the male breeding line, 33% of the litters conceived were aborted in utero, and among the young F2 pups born runts were again evident. At the conclusion of the breeding for the first generation the testes of the FO sires were studied after they received caffeine for 38 consecutive days. The experimental testes showed a marked degeneration characterized by significant overall size reduction, breakdown of the germinal epithelium, accumulation of cellular debris in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, and significant reduction in the abundance of mature spermatozoa. On ultrastructural examination there appeared to be genetic damage to the spermatozoa where nucleic cysts and pouches were seen. PMID- 3216097 TI - Advances in the chemotherapy of depression: lofepramine. Proceedings of a symposium. London, 16th February 1988. PMID- 3216098 TI - Ultrastructure of rabbit retinal nerve fibre layer--neuro-glial relationships, myelination, and nerve fibre spectrum. AB - The ultrastructure of the rabbit retinal nerve fibre layer was studied both in retinal centre and periphery. The central nerve fibre layer was found to contain large masses of--mostly myelinated--nerve fibres, somata and processes of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, vitreal processes of Muller cells, and blood vessels. Astrocyte and Muller cell processes could be discriminated both by their direction and by the thickness of their intermediate filaments which was about 7 nm in Muller cells and about 10 nm in astrocytes. Some peculiarities of nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles of rabbit retinal astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are described. Myelin sheaths are demonstrated to be derived from oligodendrocytes; in some cases, two axons were found within a common myelin sheath. In the retinal periphery, only sparse thin bundles of unmyelinated axons were found in between a thick row of big Muller cell endfeet; astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and blood vessels were missing here. In both retinal regions, node-like membrane specializations of optic axons were found; these were always surrounded by a corona of fine glial processes arising from astrocytes as well as from Muller cells. The features of myelination within the rabbit nerve fibre layer were quantified, and compared with recent literature data. A hypothesis is offered relating the production of myelin to the release of diffusable substance(s) by active axons. This hypotheses allows to account for the striking finding that relatively thick axons remain unmyelinated in the nerve fibre layer of most mammalian retinae like in the rabbit retinal periphery whereas they become myelinated in the central rabbit retina like in central nervous system in general. PMID- 3216100 TI - The structure of chicken ectostriatum. I. Golgi study. AB - Chicken ectostriatum was studied in Golgi preparations. In the two parts of the area (ectostriatum centrale and ectostriatum periphericum) the cell types were analysed. Projection neurons with long axon, and interneurons with short axon, could be distinguished in both parts of the region. The projection neurons are different in the two parts of the area, whilst the interneurons, with regard to their morphological features, are completely similar. The stellate-like projection neurons in ectostriatum centrale have 4-6 main dendrites, which ramify only slightly, and are densely covered by characteristic spines. The projection neurons in ectostriatum periphericum emit several (7-10) main dendrites, which have numerous bifurcations establishing a dense dendritic tree. The dendrites are densely covered by regular spines. The interneurons--in both parts of ectostriatum--have three subtypes. All have characteristic local axonal arborizations with varicose terminal sections. Some quantitative parameters of Golgi impregnated neurons were also measured and analysed by computer. Preliminary results of this study are included in the present publication. PMID- 3216099 TI - Comparison of brain structure volumes in insectivora and primates. VIII. Vestibular complex. AB - Volumes of the vestibular complex (VC) and its four main components (medial, inferior, lateral and superior nuclei; VM, VI, VL and VS) were measured in 28 species of Insectivora, 3 species of Scandentia, 18 species of prosimians, 26 species of non-human simians and in man. The relative size showed a definite tendency to increase 2-4.5 times from Insectivora through simians (expressed by size indices). The highest increase was found in VS, the lowest in VI and, in Pongidae and man, also in VL. The differences are discussed with respect to differences in the locomotory behavior of the various taxonomic groups and to differences in the fiber connections and thus different functions of the various nuclei. Species which exploit a 3-dimensional environment and execute fast and complicated head and body movements have a larger VC than closely related species confined to the ground or which are less skilled leapers. The great increase of the VS may be related to the predominant role of vision in primates, particularly in simians. PMID- 3216101 TI - [The effect of methionine enkephalin, leucine enkephalin and the hexapeptide, dalargin on the morphology of cultured neurons]. AB - Cell cultures derived from brain, ganglion trigeminale or retina of 5- and 9-day old chick embryos and from brain stem or hippocampus of 16-18 day-old fetal rats were treated with Met5-, Leu5-enkephalin, or Dalargin--a synthetic hexapeptide structurally related to Leu5-enkephalin--and evaluated morphologically. The treatment of the nervous tissue cultures with the peptides markedly affected their growth pattern. Aggregates of glial and neuronal cells were surrounded by flat cells forming monolayer network structures. In cultures of brain from 5 day old chick embryos the proliferation of the cells was significantly stimulated. No growth of neurites was observed. It is discussed that the tested Enkephalins and in the same way the Dalargin may play an important role in the early neuronal development. Their activity in phase 0 and phase 1 of the life history of nerve cells indicates aspects of temporary peptide influences. Excess of glial cells caused by the tested peptides did not enhance neuronal differentiation. The transdifferentiation of developing receptor cells into ependymal cells during the adaptation process in retina cultures as a special effect of Dalargin is discussed. The present findings suggest that the influence of (opioid) peptides in vitro may be detected morphologically and that nervous tissue culture is a valuable tool for differentiating neuronotrophic neurite-promoting and neurotoxic drug effects. PMID- 3216103 TI - The brain of Thylacosmilus atrox. Extinct South American saber-tooth carnivore marsupial. AB - Two endocasts of the extinct marsupial Thylacosmilus atrox are studied. The specimens were found in outcrops at present considered of Pliocene Age. The followings are the conclusions arrived in the study: 1) The encephalon of Thylacosmilus atrox shows a well developed neocortex, with a deep rhinal fissure and the major marsupial neocortical sulci well observable. The homologies of the sulci was certainly easy in the major part of them, and consequently, functional inferencies were possible. 2) The somatic neocortical area shows certain distinctive characteristics. It appears that the size proportions between the mandibular and maxillary areas is reversed in T. atrox, which appears congruent with the infered function of its peculiar cranial anatomy. 3) The relative brain size of T. atrox is very heigh for a Polyprotodont marsupial being its encephalization quotients and progression indexes at the level of the living Diprotodonta. 4) Thylacosmilus atrox was a very peculiar extinct carnivore marsupial, which at the Late Tertiary in South America reached higher levels of encephalization than the posterior or living representatives of its same Order. PMID- 3216102 TI - Morphological changes after acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by dichlorvos (DDVP) in young rabbit brain. AB - The present study is concerned with the lesions of nerve- and glial cells after AChE inhibition during brain development. The investigations were performed on rabbits. Dichlorvos (DDVP) an known inhibitor of AChE was given to young animals per os (4-8 mg/kg of body weight) from 6th to 15th day of life. Cerebral and cerebellar cortex and corpus callosum were examined in electron microscope. Our investigations revealed pathological changes in all neuroectodermal elements. It seems that inhibition of AChE induced by DDVP intoxication led to damage of biologic membranes. This is particularly harmful for differentiating and maturing cells. PMID- 3216104 TI - Unbiased estimate of cerebellar granule cell numbers in hypothyroid and in sex age-matched control rats. AB - Regardless the enormous amount of morphometric data related to the influence of thyroid hormones deficiency on the cerebellar cortex histogenesis, it remains controversial whether, in fully developed hypothyroid rats, the number of granule cells is actually altered. In order to get a quantitative unbiased view of its number at the end of the neurogenic period, we studied, using recently described stereological techniques, the granular layer of groups of 30 days old rats rendered hypothyroid from the day of birth. The results were compared with age- and sex-matched controls, as sex dimorphic differences were previously described for cerebellar granule cells. The granule cell packing density was increased independently of changes of their nuclear diameters. Its numerical density was similar in hypothyroid and controls, although a significant decrease in their total number was depicted as a consequence of the volumetric reduction of the granular layer in the hypothyroid groups. When male and female control groups were compared, the number of granule cells was found to be significantly smaller in females. This sex dimorphic difference was not detected between male and female hypothyroid groups, which suggests that, to be manifested, the presence of thyroid hormones is a necessary condition. PMID- 3216105 TI - Differential diagnosis in dentistry: pyogenic granuloma. PMID- 3216106 TI - The high risk patient: dental malpractice. Rapport: the best insurance. PMID- 3216107 TI - Improving shade matching techniques. Part 1. PMID- 3216108 TI - Marketing and automation. PMID- 3216110 TI - A simplified, routinely-predictable root canal procedure. PMID- 3216109 TI - The high risk patient: dental malpractice. The significance of large judgements and awards. PMID- 3216111 TI - Patients with problem treatment. PMID- 3216112 TI - The high risk patient: dental malpractice. Destructive intraprofessional relationships. PMID- 3216114 TI - What is the hygiene driven practice? PMID- 3216113 TI - Brain abscess of odontogenic origin: report of a case. PMID- 3216115 TI - Improving shade matching techniques. PMID- 3216116 TI - Improving shade matching techniques. Part II. PMID- 3216117 TI - The periodontal health of the United States adult population. PMID- 3216118 TI - Control of periodontal disease using the DMD Test. PMID- 3216119 TI - Immediate cylinder implants replacing periodontally hopeless teeth. A case report. PMID- 3216120 TI - Advanced subperiosteal procedures. A case report--tripodial subperiosteal. PMID- 3216122 TI - Differential diagnosis in dentistry: plaque-type lichen planus. PMID- 3216121 TI - Implant trouble shooting--the problem side. PMID- 3216123 TI - Advanced subperiosteal procedures. Pterygoid extension subperiosteal implant. A case report. PMID- 3216124 TI - Differential diagnosis in dentistry: focal argyrosis. PMID- 3216125 TI - The most essential nutrient. PMID- 3216126 TI - Differential diagnosis in dentistry: jaw neoplasms. PMID- 3216127 TI - Motivating auxiliaries. PMID- 3216129 TI - AIDS not found worldwide. PMID- 3216128 TI - Differential diagnosis in dentistry: benign migratory glossitis. PMID- 3216130 TI - Acheson and after. PMID- 3216131 TI - Enteropathogenicity of Aeromonas species isolated from infants: a cohort study. AB - The significance of Aeromonas spp. as potential enteric pathogens was evaluated in a cohort of 187 infants aged 3-18 months during a 16-week summer period. Aeromonas spp. were isolated from 14 of the 196 (7.1%) diarrhoeal episodes detected and from eight (5.2%) of 153 samples from paired asymptomatic infants. Carriage of bacterial enteropathogens excluding Aeromonas spp. was detected in a high proportion (23%) of the asymptomatic children. Almost all of the seven isolates of Aeromonas sobria were enterotoxigenic, invasive and beta-haemolytic. In contrast, none of the seven Aeromonas caviae strains had these virulence associated characteristics. The only isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila produced cytotoxic enterotoxin and was invasive. Plasmid analysis of selected strains did not correlate with these two properties or with antibiotic resistance. Nevertheless, the latter was found in an important proportion of the isolates. The diarrhoeal episodes, in which Aeromonas spp. were detected, lasted significantly longer, i.e. 17.2 days when the strains were invasive and/or toxigenic as compared with 4.3 days (P less than 0.001) in patients harbouring strains lacking both traits. These results reinforce the need to characterise virulence determinants before assigning any pathogenic role to Aeromonas spp. isolated from faecal specimens. Our findings also suggest the need for adequate antibiotic treatment in patients with confirmed Aeromonas spp. having enterotoxigenic and/or invasive properties. PMID- 3216132 TI - Effect of blood culture media on the in vitro recovery of Mycoplasma hominis. AB - Despite the prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis few cases of septicaemia due to this organism have been reported. The ability of various blood culture media to sustain the growth of an inoculum of M. hominis was therefore studied. Of the media tested, an 'in-house' Hartley's digest broth with 0.1% glucose was the most efficient. The investigation also demonstrated that growth of M. hominis is adversely affected by the concentration of liquoid (sodium polyanetholsulphonate) present in blood culture media. PMID- 3216134 TI - Meningitis caused by Absidia corymbifera. AB - A 56-year-old man developed mucormycotic meningitis caused by Absidia corymbifera and which followed a penetrating head injury. Antibodies to it were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid at titres higher than those found in the serum, thereby suggesting local production of antibody in the subarachnoid space. PMID- 3216133 TI - Actinomyces pyogenes bacteraemia in a patient with carcinoma of the colon. AB - A patient with carcinoma of the colon adherent to the pelvis developed Actinomyces pyogenes bacteraemia after uterine curettage but recovered with antibiotic treatment. This organism is a Gram-positive cocco-bacillus, beta haemolytic when growing on blood agar and reactive with Lancefield group G antiserum. These features could easily lead to its misidentification as a streptococcus. Reports of human infection with A. pyogenes are summarised. PMID- 3216135 TI - Isolation of mumps virus from vaginal secretions in association with oophoritis. AB - Mumps virus was isolated from the cervico-vaginal secretions of a 31-year-old woman presenting with mild signs of oophoritis accompanied by xantholeucorrhoea. The serological finding of mumps-specific IgM antibodies was further evidence confirming the casual link between mumps virus and ovarian pathology. Rarely, ovarian involvement may be the only manifestation of mumps infection. The importance of this diagnosis and its relationship to the possible development of secondary oligomenorrhoea and early menopause is discussed. PMID- 3216136 TI - [Effects of cardiac rehabilitation in the elderly--comparison of the effects in patients above 60 years old with the one in younger patients]. PMID- 3216138 TI - [A case of hemangiopericytoma associated with hypoglycemia]. PMID- 3216137 TI - [A case of Sjogren's syndrome with a marked increase of rheumatoid factor activity combined with monoclonal immunoglobulinemia (IgM-kappa)]. PMID- 3216139 TI - [IgA nephropathy in a patient with ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3216140 TI - [A case report of myocardial infarction in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with marked atherosclerotic lesions demonstrated by autopsy]. PMID- 3216141 TI - [Three cases of aortic dissection complicated by cardiac tamponade]. PMID- 3216142 TI - [A family of silent type pseudocholinesterasemia]. PMID- 3216143 TI - [A case of metastatic liver tumor with hypoglycemic attacks]. PMID- 3216144 TI - [A case of partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase]. PMID- 3216145 TI - [Amyloidoma of the right false vocal cord subsequent to extramedullary plasmacytoma of the left parotid gland]. PMID- 3216147 TI - [An essential hypertensive patient with a significant reduction in blood pressure during oral magnesium supplementation]. PMID- 3216146 TI - [A case of myocardial sarcoidosis with corticosteroids therapy]. PMID- 3216148 TI - [Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and pneumoperitoneum complicated with progressive systemic sclerosis: a case report]. PMID- 3216149 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and diversified symptoms responsive to methylprednisolone pulse therapy: a case report]. PMID- 3216151 TI - [Familial multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3216150 TI - [An autopsy case of polymyositis-scleroderma overlap syndrome associated with lung cancer]. PMID- 3216152 TI - [Clinical usefulness of the 1987 revised criteria for rheumatoid arthritis by American Rheumatism Association]. PMID- 3216153 TI - [A case of convulsion, loss of consciousness and subsequent acute renal failure caused by enoxacin and fenbufen]. PMID- 3216154 TI - Lungs for life. PMID- 3216155 TI - Assistance with your elderly patient load: case example. PMID- 3216157 TI - ECG of the month. Careful neglect. Acute inferior wall myocardial infarction and intermittent bundle branch block. PMID- 3216156 TI - Kawasaki's syndrome accompanied by bone marrow suppression. PMID- 3216158 TI - Dental treatment planning for the adult patient: osseointegrated dental implants. PMID- 3216160 TI - Clinician's corner: tonsillar plug. PMID- 3216159 TI - Clinician's corner: fibrous hyperplasia. PMID- 3216161 TI - Periodontal disease and AIDS. PMID- 3216163 TI - Eat, diet...and gain. PMID- 3216162 TI - Medical emergency equipment for the dental office. PMID- 3216164 TI - Dental anxiety: an efficient means of identification. PMID- 3216165 TI - Effects of pulmonary emphysema on QRS infarct size score. AB - Pulmonary emphysema can produce false-positive electrocardiographic (ECG) changes of anterior myocardial infarction (MI). This problem was not addressed in earlier studies of the Selvester 54 Criteria/32 Point QRS score for MI size. The purpose of this study was to examine an automated Hewlett Packard ECG Computer Language (HP-ECL) implementation of the QRS score in the following groups of subjects. Patients who had been studied for possible lung disease with pulmonary tests, including lung volumes, were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 133), with abnormal tests (emphysema); and group 2 (n = 102), with normal tests (no emphysema). Two other groups were studied: group 3 (positive controls, n = 44), with greater than 3 QRS points for MI on ECG and documented coronary disease with wall motion abnormalities on angiography; and group 4 (negative controls, n = 146), 49 house staff and 97 clinically normal men. A frontal plane P axis greater than 65 separated 90% of patients with emphysema from those without. Of 133 patients with emphysema, 60 (45%) had greater than 3 QRS points for MI on ECG, mainly from Q criteria in aVL and V1-V3; decreased R criteria 1 in V2, V3, and V6; and abnormal R/S criteria in V4-V6. Using HP-ECL, the QRS score was readily modified so that when P axis was greater than 65 these MI size criteria were suppressed. This resulted in a more appropriate incidence of MI diagnoses: 2% (down from 45%) in emphysema patients, no change in specificity, and minor reduction in sensitivity to MI in infarct controls from 100% to 96%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216166 TI - A personal computer-based arrhythmia generator based on mathematical models of cardiac arrhythmia. AB - A personal computer-based arrhythmia generator has been developed based upon mathematical models of modulated parasystole and the related equations. A system of nonlinear difference equations is used to generate the time series of RR intervals of ECG that contain normal as well as ectopic QRS waves. The ECG waveform is synthesized according to the computed RR interval and the type of QRS wave and output via DA converter in a real-time base. Various types of ECGs with ventricular ectopic beats and those with very long periods were generated by selecting values for a small number of model parameters. This method requires neither large RAM nor external memory for storing a library of arrhythmic ECGs. The theory, hardware design, software implementation on a personal computer, and experimental reconstruction of clinical ECGs based on the model are discussed. PMID- 3216167 TI - Comparison between manual and computer measurement of ST-segment amplitude during exercise. AB - Several studies have shown that the maximal ST/HR slope may be used as a reliable index of myocardial ischemia as assessed by coronary angiography, but this involves laborious training and derivation, particularly with respect to the measurement of ST segment amplitude, which is obtained by averaging values measured in at least 10 cardiac cycles in the steady state. The authors compared manual measurement of ST-segment amplitude with computer-processed beat using cardiac cycles in six consecutive patients with standard 12-lead records obtained over 5 seconds and a beat processed by the recorder to represent each lead (modal beat, over 10 seconds). All recordings were made in the steady state. Two patients had myocardial ischemia, as assessed by means including the maximal ST/HR slope and the occurrence of ST-segment depression at the end of exercise. Comparisons were made between measurements in 324 pairs of ST-segment amplitude obtained, respectively, from manually averaged recorded beats (average beat) and the modal beat during each step of the exercise test. The level of the ST segment, (80 msec after the end of QRS complex) was independently obtained from the two records in a blinded fashion. The group data showed that the modal beat gave significantly lower values of ST-segment amplitude than the average beat. Similar results were obtained when 286 pairs of positive amplitudes were compared in the range of 0-7.25 mm. In the remaining 38 pairs in which ST-segment depression was found, the amplitude in the modal beats was not significantly different from the average beats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216168 TI - Computer-based ST/HR slope calculation on Marquette CASE 12: development and technical considerations. AB - Computer-based implementation of the ST/HR slope on Marquette CASE 12 is described. ST-segment measurement is performed with improved software for QRS detection and incremental signal updating, and on-line test calculation results from automated linear regression, leading to graphic display of the maximum ST/HR slope at the end of exercise. PMID- 3216170 TI - Problems and limitations of ECG baseline estimation and removal using a cubic spline technique during exercise ECG testing: recommendations for proper implementation. AB - One common variety of exercise-induced artifact is baseline wander resulting from movement, respiration, and poor electrode contact. Although filters can be designed to remove much of this baseline variation, they will distort the low frequency components of the ECG complex, such as the TP-segment, the PR-segment, and, most problematically, the ST-segment. The ST-segment is the most diagnostically relevant measure of the ECG taken during exercise. While linear baseline interpolation and removal may be adequate at lower heart rates, they also will introduce significant distortions. This is particularly evident when excessive nonlinear wander is present, as seen at higher heart rates and respiration rates. A nonlinear, third-order, polynomial estimator of baseline wander, known as the cubic spline, has been used for nearly 15 years. It is a very robust technique applied to exercise ECG recordings. Since the cubic spline is not a filter and use an a priori knowledge of the shape of the ECG signal, it estimates the true baseline and avoids distortion better. The more common implementations of this technique use relatively short ECG recordings. With the advent of increasing power in computerized ECG systems, the implementation of the cubic spline algorithm for removing baseline wander in continuous, longer duration ECG records and in real-time processing is being attempted. However, the correct application of the cubic spline to continuous recordings is not straightforward and involves a number of previously unforeseen difficulties. The accuracy and resolution of both floating point and integer operations is critical during long-term application of the cubic spline function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216169 TI - A real-time data-logger system using an optical disk WORM for archiving continuous 12-lead ECG data during exercise testing. AB - An exercise ECG analysis program was developed over 15 years on a number of mainframes, minicomputers and, most recently, microcomputer-based systems. It has been rehosted into both Motorola MC68000 and Intel 80286 microprocessor-based development systems and is currently used with a removable 200 Mbyte optical disk (Write-Once-Read-Many, WORM) based data-logger system that can record and store all 12 leads simultaneously and continuously for an entire exercise test (up to 38 minutes). Data is acquired with 12-bit A/D resolution at 500 samples/sec. All ECG data and patient information are archived on the optical disk for later off line recall and analysis on a PC or real-time replay through a D/A converter. Recorded ECG signals are at patient levels so they can be replayed through the patient cable box on any commercial system. Current development includes both simultaneous on-line processing and storage of 12-lead ECG data and off-line processing and development performed on the long-term, continuous ECG data being archived on optical disk. Patient medical histories and clinical information are separately entered into an applications database, where ECG measures and test results are later included. This new optical disk based exercise ECG database contains more than 600 complete exercise tests and is projected to increase to nearly 3,000 within 2 years. PMID- 3216171 TI - New methods of quantitative assessment of the extent and significance of serial ECG changes of the repolarization phase. AB - The authors present a method for optimally measuring variations in T wave shape and time intervals for the quantitative assessment of the significance of serial changes of the repolarization phase. The results, established on a healthy population, show the inadequacy of Bazett's formula, the constancy of maximum of T to the end of the T time interval, and good stability of the spatial T loops' morphotype. Residual intrasubject variability of corrected QT interval is mainly ascribable to physiologic, heart rate-independent changes in true onset of Q to a maximum of T time interval. The optimized mean quadratic deviation between two serial T loops is well correlated with changes in drug concentration. PMID- 3216172 TI - Deriving the 12-lead electrocardiogram from four (EASI) electrodes. AB - Computerized interpretation of the electrocardiogram has now advanced to computerization of the electrocardiograph, resulting in greatly increased versatility, including the capacity for adapting to a variety of lead systems rather than being tethered to the old Einthoven-Wilson-Goldberger (EWG) system. Many varieties of display beyond the 12-lead ECG are also available in software. To date, these new and interesting capabilities have scarcely been exploited. The EASI lead system uses the E, A, and I electrode positions of the Frank lead system, plus an electrode, S, positioned over the upper end of the sternum and, if necessary, ground (anywhere convenient). Its outputs form quasi-xyz signals, x'y'z', that can be approximately transformed into xyz signals by means of a matrix derived from the EASI lead vectors. The result forms a good basis for deriving the 12-lead ECG, using previously published coefficients for the Frank lead system. The match with the conventional ECG can then be improved by statistical means. The results are surprisingly good, and certainly of clinical value. Recent widespread interest in silent ischemia and its detection through Holter monitoring suggests an immediate application which has been rendered practical by the recent introduction of three-channel recorders. The EASI electrode positions give technically satisfactory Holter recordings. Very compact three-channel, multiplexed, radio telemetry equipment is now commercially available and provides another application for the EASI 12-lead ECG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216173 TI - Determination of statistically significant differences in the performance of ECG diagnostic algorithms: an improved method. PMID- 3216174 TI - Magnetic tape recording and playback for ST-segment analysis. AB - For the past few years, there has been an increased interest in the detection of ST-segment changes in ambulatory patients. This interest has broadened the scope of application of long-term Holter ambulatory recording to include the routine monitoring of patients for episodes of asymptomatic (silent) ischemia. ST measurements derived from tape-recorded data, however, have been viewed with some skepticism, based on the poor fidelity of earlier Holter recorders and playback systems. The author focuses on the technical issues regarding accurate recording and playback of ST-segment data and demonstrates that a cassette-based recorder and playback system using "direct recording" can accurately reproduce the ST segment. This discussion is based on the use of the impulse response (rather than frequency response) to characterize and improve the fidelity of the recorder/playback system for ST-segment changes. PMID- 3216175 TI - Noninvasive predictors of sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 3216176 TI - Application of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram in patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction: implications for prediction of sudden cardiac death risk. PMID- 3216177 TI - Advantages of an acute experimental preparation that mimics clinical arrhythmias. PMID- 3216178 TI - Electrophysiologic studies on ventricular tachyarrhythmias in a chronic canine infarct model. AB - The development of a chronic canine infarct model has allowed us to (1) understand better the mechanisms of tachyarrhythmogenesis in infarction; (2) evaluate new antiarrhythmic regimens as well as other antitachycardia therapies, including cryoablation, laser ablation, pacing, and surgical techniques; (3) correlate directly the presence of low-level late potentials with myocardial activation in the presence of delayed and fractionated cardiac electrograms; and (5) evaluate critically our present methods of programmed electrical stimulation. PMID- 3216179 TI - A computer model of the electrogram: what causes fractionation? AB - Fractionated electrograms are frequently recorded during mapping studies in patients with coronary artery disease and ventricular tachycardia. The authors developed a computer model of electrogram generation based on the biophysics of volume conductor fields. They show that fractionated electrograms can be produced as otherwise uniform wavefronts of activation encounter regions of increased cellular coupling resistance. Because of this, local activation may not correspond to the largest or most rapid deflection in a polyphasic, fractionated electrogram. PMID- 3216180 TI - High-resolution ECG on a standard ECG cart. AB - High-resolution (HI-RES) ECG analysis software and a new front end have been designed for a standard 12-lead ECG cart, MAC-12. The front end acquires orthogonal ECG at 1,000 samples/sec and 1.2 microV/bit and transmits to the cart. The HI-RES software delineates QRS complexes and correlates them with a template in frequency domain to compute an average cardiac complex (P, QRS, and T). This complex is used for analysis of late potentials, bundle of His activity, and detection of coronary artery disease using its high-frequency content. Both time- and frequency-domain methods are implemented for analysis of ventricular late potentials. In the time-domain method, the average beat is bandpass filtered using three lower cutoff frequencies--25, 40, and 80 Hz--with the higher cutoff at 250 Hz. For each of these frequencies, the following features are extracted: RMS voltages in terminal 40 and 50 msec; ventricular activation time; and duration of high-frequency, low-amplitude signals. The frequency-domain analysis examines the spectral contents of the windowed segment of terminal QRS; ST segment; and a combined segment of QRS and ST. The spectral features include ratios of magnitudes of Fourier coefficients and areas above 20 Hz, dB drop at 40 Hz, and areas after 60 dB offset. Initial testing of this system is complete, and it is due for clinical trials soon. PMID- 3216181 TI - Usefulness of abnormalities of repolarization in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of healed myocardial infarction. AB - The authors evaluated the ability of criteria involving abnormalities of repolarization to diagnose healed myocardial infarction (MI). They studied the Q, R, S, and T waves and the ST-segments of the electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 60 angiographic-normal patients, 63 patients with angiographic evidence of healed inferior MI, and 33 patients with angiographic evidence of anterior MI. The best individual criteria involving repolarization were T wave amplitude less than or equal to 0.4 mm in lead II for inferior MI (specificity, 93%: sensitivity, 67%) and T wave amplitude greater than 2.4 mm for anterior MI (specificity, 100%: sensitivity, 27%). These T wave criteria enhanced the diagnostic performances of otherwise marginal QRS criteria for both inferior and anterior MI. The authors conclude that ECG criteria that involve abnormalities of the T waves are useful for diagnosing healed MI. PMID- 3216182 TI - Survey of computer-assisted electrocardiography in the United States. AB - The purpose of this study was to update a 1976 study by Arthur D. Little, Inc., on the use of automatic ECG analysis systems. Thirteen vendors of computerized ECG systems received survey forms in 1987 and a follow-up telephone survey was completed in early 1988. The vendors surveyed included service bureaus and providers of computer-based data management and analysis systems and analysis carts. Analysis carts were subdivided into standard-sized and portable analysis carts. The technical specifications used by the respondents varied from 3 simultaneous leads to 14 simultaneous leads. The standards used were AHA, AAMI, and ANSI. Various compression techniques were used. The method of testing adult, pediatric, and serial comparison programs varied from the use of expert electrocardiographers to non-ECG data bases. Service bureau customers consisted mainly of general practitioners and primary care physicians' offices, with an estimated 1.2 million ECGs processed in 1987. Analysis and data management systems mainly serviced large hospitals, with an estimated 15 million ECGs processed in 1987. Standard-sized analysis carts used in hospitals and physicians' offices were estimated to process over 31 million ECGs in 1987. Portable analysis carts installed in hospitals, primary care, and general practitioners' offices and clinics processed almost 7 million ECGs in 1987. Computerized ECG analysis has been one of the most rapidly and widely adopted computer applications in medicine; its potential benefits in improving quality and consistency of interpretations has long been recognized. This study indicates that additional information on accuracy of current ECG software is needed to ensure that the technology is optimally applied in patient care. PMID- 3216183 TI - Fine structure of intestinal fibroblasts: autoradiographic and three-dimensional studies. PMID- 3216184 TI - The forty-fourth annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Electron Microscopy. Sendai, June 1-3, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3216185 TI - Generalized imitation in infants. AB - Effects of modeling and contingent praise on infant's motor response topographies were experimentally analyzed. Three 10-month-old male infants and their mothers participated in 20-min. experimental sessions two to four times a week for 2 to 7 months. During each session a mother presented her infant with 15 toys randomly selected from a pool of 45. The infant was allowed to play with each toy for 1 min. During treatment the mother modeled prescribed responses with each toy, and during 10 training trials per session, she praised her infant if he emitted topographically similar responses. Interspersed among training trials were five probe trials for which praise was seldom available. All three infants showed systematic increases in the targeted training and probe response topographies following the introduction of the modeling and praise treatment procedure. Thus, responding during probes demonstrated generalized imitation with infants, a new and developmentally important population. PMID- 3216187 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the forty-second annual meeting of the Society of General Physiologists. Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 7-10 September 1988. PMID- 3216186 TI - Prosodic aspects of motherese: effects on gaze and responsiveness in developmentally disabled children. AB - This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of using voice tones (prosody) typical of "motherese" (O. K. Garnica, 1977, in C. E. Snow & C. A. Ferguson (Eds.), Talking to Children: Language Input and Acquisition, pp. 63-88, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press) on responsiveness and eye gaze in children with severe handicaps. Specifically, two conditions, "motherese" and "conversational" voice tones, were compared. The current study presents data from naturalistic observations of six children, and controlled experimental manipulations with four children. The results of the naturalistic observations in Study 1 suggested a positive relationship between the use of voice tones typical of "motherese" and responsiveness and eye gaze. Further analysis using an alternating treatments design in Study 2 revealed similar results. Specifically, the use of prosody associated with "motherese" showed increased levels of eye gaze when compared to the use of "conversational tones." The results suggest the importance of considering normal development in analyzing social and teaching interactions between teachers and severely handicapped children. PMID- 3216188 TI - Cytoplasmic free calcium, myosin light chain phosphorylation, and force in phasic and tonic smooth muscle. AB - The time course of [Ca2+]i, tension, and myosin light chain phosphorylation were determined during prolonged depolarization with high K+ in intact tonic (rabbit pulmonary artery) and phasic (longitudinal layer of guinea pig ileum) smooth muscles. [Ca2+]i was monitored with the 340 nm/380 nm signal ratio of the fluorescent indicator fura-2. The fluorescence ratio had a similar time course in both muscle types during depolarization with 109 mM [K+]o; after a transient peak, there was a decline to 70% of its peak value in tonic smooth muscle, and to 60% in phasic smooth muscle. Tension, however, continued to increase in the pulmonary artery, while in the ileum it declined in parallel with the [Ca2+]i. On changing [K+]o from 109 to 20 mM, tension and [Ca2+]i either remained unchanged or declined in parallel in the pulmonary artery. Phosphorylation of the 20-kD myosin light chain, measured during stimulation of muscle strips with 109 mM [K+]o in another set of experiments, increased from 3% to a peak of 50% in the intact pulmonary artery, and then declined to a steady state value of 23%. In the intact ileum, a very rapid, early transient phosphorylation (up to 50%) at 2-3 s was seen. This transient declined by 30 s to a value that was close to the resting level (7%), while tension remained at 55% of its peak force. A quick release during maintained stimulation induced no detectable change in the [Ca2+]i in either type of smooth muscle. We discuss the possibility that the slowly rising tonic tension in pulmonary artery could be due to cooperativity between phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated crossbridges. PMID- 3216189 TI - Dynamics of skate horizontal cells. AB - The all-rod retina of the skate (Raja erinacea or R. oscellata) is known to have the remarkable capability of responding to incremental flashes superimposed on background intensities that initially block all light-evoked responses and are well above the level at which rods saturate in mixed rod/cone retinas. To examine further the unusual properties of the skate visual system, we have analyzed responses of their horizontal cells to intensity-modulated step, sinusoidal, and white-noise stimuli. We found that during exposures to mean intensities bright enough to block responses to incremental stimuli, decremental stimuli were also initially blocked. Thereafter, the horizontal cells underwent a slow recovery phase during which there was marked nonlinearity in their response properties. The cell first (within 2-3 min) responded to decrements in intensity and later (after greater than 10 min) became responsive to incremental stimuli. After adaptation to a steady state, however, the responses to intensity modulation were nearly linear over a broad range of modulation depths even at the brightest mean levels of illumination. Indeed, examination of the steady-state responses over a 5-log-unit range of mean intensities revealed that the amplitude of the white noise-evoked responses depended solely on contrast, and was independent of the retinal irradiance as the latter was increased from 0.02 to 20 muW/cm2; i.e., contrast sensitivity remained unchanged over this 1,000-fold increase in mean irradiance. A decrement from the mean as brief as 2 s, however, disturbed the steady state. Another unexpected finding in this all-rod retina concerns surround enhancement, a phenomenon observed previously for cone-mediated responses of horizontal cells in the retinas of turtle and catfish. While exposure to annular illumination induced response compression and a pronounced sensitivity loss in response to incremental light flashes delivered to the dark central region, the cell's sensitivity showed a significant increase when tested with a white noise or sinusoidally modulated central spot. Unlike horizontal cells in other retinas studied thus far, however, response dynamics remained unchanged. Responses evoked either by a small spot (0.25-mm diam) or by a large field light covering the entire retina were almost identical in time course. This is in contrast with past findings from cone-driven horizontal cells whose response waveform (dynamics) was dependent upon the size of the retinal area stimulated. PMID- 3216190 TI - [Calculation of the proportion of men excluded from paternity by HLA typing of the mother and child]. AB - When filiation research shows that paternity is possible, French legislation recommends the calculation of two coefficients: 1. paternity probability (CP); 2. percentage of random men excluded from paternity by genetic markers of the mother and the child (PEme). A method is proposed, allowing the determination of PEme for the HLA system and PEme for the various systems employed. The calculations, relatively simple, can be worked out quickly and without risk of error, using a computer. We successively look at simple cases, complex cases and unusual cases: maternal death, consanguinity problems, racial problems. HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ typing almost always leads to the exclusion of more than 98% of innocent men (PEme greater than 0.98). The HLA system clearly appears to be the most conclusive of the systems utilized by experts. PMID- 3216191 TI - [Pygomelus]. AB - With an anatomical case and a clinical case, the authors describe the pygomelus, a very rare monstruosity. Legend and reality are often mixed in the description of literature. It is difficult to classify this monstruosity either in the simple monster or in the twin monsters. PMID- 3216192 TI - [Holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cardiopathy: new syndrome or a new case of hydrolethalus?]. AB - We present a foetus, 46,XY, with holoprosencephaly, hydrocephaly, unilateral lower limb post axial polydactyly, clubhands, auricular septal defect, umbilical cord hernia. The differential diagnosis of the condition is discussed: especially the hydrolethalus syndrome, and the Young and Madders' syndrome reported in 1987. PMID- 3216193 TI - [A case of terminal renal insufficiency revealing a "charge" association in an adult]. AB - A CASE REPORT: Different abnormalities suggesting a "Charge" association were recognized in a 23-year-old man, as an end-stage renal disease was discovered. Though its undetermined cause(s), this association needs to be evoked in order to detect and to manage occult visceral anomalies and to evaluate for a familial form. PMID- 3216194 TI - [Chondrodysplasia punctata. Report of four cases in two sibships]. AB - Chondrodysplasia punctata has very diverse clinical and radiological features. Its diagnosis may be suggested as early as in the neonatal period in front of an abnormal facial appearance, sometimes associated with bone and vertebrae defects. Radiological exams will assert it. Its subsequent course depends on the accompanying visceral abnormalities. Genetics advice is closely related to these. Ultrasonography is the only actual possibility of prenatal diagnosis. However our attitude must be guided by the clinical course (of the disease) of the initial case in the sibship. PMID- 3216196 TI - [About sirens]. PMID- 3216195 TI - [Supravalvular aortic stenosis. Autosomal dominant form of congenital cardiopathy]. AB - We describe a family in which two generations are affected: two brothers and one of their maternal uncles. One of their two half-sisters (same mother) is also suspected of having the same cardiopathy. This observation confirms the autosomal dominant transmission of the disease and shows its variable expressivity in the family under study. PMID- 3216197 TI - [Human tails and pygomelus]. PMID- 3216198 TI - 75Selenium-labeled sheep plasma: the time course of changes in 75selenium distribution. AB - Sheep fed rations containing 0.1 ppm selenium were labeled by intravenous injection of radioactive sodium selenite or selenocystine. Gel filtration of serially collected plasma samples indicated that, with time, there was a transition from mercaptan sensitive to high mol wt mercaptan and protein solubilizer resistant selenoproteins. Radiolabeled plasma samples collected from selenite and selenocystine labeled sheep were dialyzed against buffer containing 2-mercaptoethanol or protein solubilizer. No difference in the stability between selenite- and selenocystine-labeled plasma could be detected. PMID- 3216199 TI - Heat of complex formation of A1(III) and Cd(II) with phytic acid. IX. AB - The interactions of Cd(II) and A1(III) with phytic acid to form both soluble and insoluble complexes have been studied by calorimetry. The reactions were examined at metal ion: phytate mol ratios ranging from 1-6 in the case of Cd(II) and 1 and 4 in the instance of Al(III). The heats of reactions were endothermic within these mol ratios. The enthalpies of soluble complex formation of Cd(II) are compared to those of other divalent metal cations that were studied under similar conditions. Based on the enthalpies, it is suggested that the order of combining affinity of these metal cations for phytic acid is Cu(II) greater than or equal to Zn(II) greater than or less than Cd(II) greater than Mn(II) greater than Mg(II) greater than Co(II) greater than Ni(II) The heats of precipitations (which includes binding, solvation changes, etc.) to form the insoluble Cd(II)- and Al(III)-phytate complexes were determined. The reactions were endothermic and had enthalpies of 20.2 and 28.7 kcal mol-1, respectively. From measurements of the Cd(II) and Al(III) concentrations, it was calculated that 5.4 mol Cd(II) and 4 mol Al(III) bind per mol of precipitated phytate. Al(III) only formed soluble complexes with phytic acid at mol ratios of metal cation:phytate of 1. This reaction was markedly slower, at least as judged by the thermal decay curves, and had an enthalpy considerably larger in magnitude (6-17-fold) than those of all of the divalent cation-phytate reactions thus far investigated in this manner. PMID- 3216200 TI - Renal handling of amino acid 99mtechnetium chelates. AB - Four amino acids--alanine, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, cystine, and cystein--and also one diamine, ethylenediamine, were chelated with 99m-technetium (99mTc), and their renal excretion patterns were studied in rabbits in the presence and absence of two renal tubular transport inhibitors, probenecid and 2,4 dinitrophenol. From the depression of renal excretion for the first three amino acid chelates, in the presence of the inhibitors, a renal tubular excretory pathway of elimination was suggested for these compounds. The renal excretions of 99mTc-cystein and 99mTc-ethylenediamine however, remained undepressed under similar experimental conditions. An explanation of these observations was forwarded from the possible chemical structures of these chelates. PMID- 3216201 TI - Synthesis, characterization, and antitumor properties of some metal complexes of 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(N4-azacyclic thiosemicarbazones). AB - Complexes of Mn(II), Fe(III), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pt(II) with 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(N4-azacyclic thiosemicarbazones), abbreviated as H2L, have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moments (300-78 K) and spectral studies. On the basis of these studies, a distorted six-coordinate structure for Fe(L)Cl and a distorted five-coordinate structure for M(L) (M = Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), or Pt(II] are suggested. The ligands undergo deprotonation and appear to coordinate through the thione sulphur, the imine nitrogen and pyridyl nitrogen. All the ligands and metal complexes were screened for their antitumor activity against P 388 lymphocytic leukemia test system in mice, and it was found that a few of them possess significant activity at the dosages used. PMID- 3216202 TI - Platinum(II) binding to metallothioneins. AB - The reaction of equine renal metallothionein (MT) with excess K2PtCl4 at pH 2 results in a polymeric adduct containing 17 +/- 2 mol Pt/mol MT. A monomeric adduct containing 7 mol Pt/mol MT is obtained at neutral pH. Rates of reaction of Pt7MT with DTNB and iodoacetic acid are consistent with Pt2+ to cysteine thiolate coordination, and the extent of reaction in both cases is 11 +/- 2 mol cys/mol MT. Adducts from the reaction of K2PtCl4 with apoMT chemically modified at the N terminal methionine residue, Cd7MT, and native MT are also reported. A structural model of Pt7MT is proposed in which the square planar tetrathiolate Pt(II) unit is incorporated into a three-metal beta cluster. Implications for the metabolism of platinum anticancer drugs are discussed. PMID- 3216203 TI - Ruthenium(III) ion complexes with nucleic acid bases and nucleosides. AB - Complexes of the nucleic bases adenine (ade), guanine (guaH), cytosine (cyt), 2 thio-cytosine (thio-cyt), and the nucleosides adenosine (ado), guanosine (guoH), and inosine (inoH) with ruthenium trichloride have been prepared and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectra, conductivity, and magnetochemical measurements. On comparison of the infrared spectra of the prepared compounds with previous studies, suggestions are made about the binding site of the metal to the ligand. The complexes have normal magnetic moments close to the spin-only value. The electronic spectra confirms the octahedral structure of the complexes. PMID- 3216204 TI - Limb pain in migraine and cluster headache. AB - Upper limb pain occurred in close temporal association with attacks of migraine, cluster headache and cluster-migraine in 22 cases. Seven had also lower limb pain. Limb pain was usually ipsilateral to the headache but could alternate sides and behaved like other accepted migraine accompaniments. It was always ipsilateral to the associated paraesthesiae/numbness (9 cases) and weakness (6 cases). The distribution and restricted localisations of limb pain were similar to those of the sensory symptoms and could not be accounted for by primary dysfunction of the peripheral or autonomic nervous systems. A central origin for limb pain is postulated. A temporary dysfunction in the somatosensory cortex, and/or its thalamic connections, during migraine or cluster headache attacks, might mediate such pain in a number of patients. PMID- 3216205 TI - Does acute intraoral pain alter cutaneous sensibility? AB - Cutaneous sensibility was tested in eight patients suffering from acute postoperative intraoral pain. Tactile-, cold-, warm-, and heat-pain thresholds as well as reaction time to cold pulses were unaffected by the presence of pain. However, reaction time to warm pulses was increased in the painful area on the day of pain compared to a non-painful state. The findings are discussed in relation to (1) functional convergence of different sensory fibres on central neurons (2) the phenomenon of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls and (3) secondary hyperalgesia. The observed effect of clinical pain on the warm pathway could be explained as an intrasegmental noxious inhibitory effect. PMID- 3216206 TI - Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia: a prospective clinical and post-mortem neuropathological study. AB - Brains from a prospective study of demented patients were investigated post mortem. Of the 27 patients with clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia, 23 showed multiple cerebral infarcts but senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were absent or in insignificant numbers. This gives an accuracy of 85%, a figure higher than previously documented. PMID- 3216207 TI - Anti-HIV antibodies in the CSF of AIDS patients: a serological and immunoblotting study. AB - CSF and serum samples from 16 AIDS patients were tested for the presence of anti HIV antibodies either by classical serological methods or by an immunoblot technique based on agarose gel isoelectric focusing and transfer of the specific IgG antibodies onto HIV antigens-loaded nitrocellulose sheets. This method enabled the demonstration of an intrathecal synthesis of anti-HIV oligoclonal IgG antibodies, often superimposed on diffuse polyclonal production, in 14 patients. The two negative cases were devoid of neurological signs or symptoms. However, two patients classified in stage II of the disease (asymptomatic infection) displayed an intrathecal synthesis of anti-HIV antibodies. PMID- 3216208 TI - Decreased glutamate dehydrogenase protein in spinocerebellar degeneration. AB - A radioimmunoassay system for determining content of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in human leukocytes was established and studied in 14 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia or atypical Parkinsonism. The protein content of leukocyte GDH was decreased in four patients and the reduction in the protein content was proportional to that in the enzyme activity. The ratio of GDH activity to protein content was invariable in healthy controls, diseased controls and patients with reduced GDH activity. These results suggested that at least a portion of the partial GDH deficiency was due to the decreased level of the enzyme protein. PMID- 3216209 TI - Oculomotor control in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. AB - Saccadic eye movements, fixation and smooth pursuit were studied in 28 children with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and found to be normal. A link has been postulated between Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and other movement disorders. The results obtained in the present series do not support this hypothesis. PMID- 3216210 TI - Two necropsy cases of chronic encephalomyelitis: variants of Neuro-Behcet's syndrome? AB - Two necropsy cases of chronic encephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology are presented. Skin hyperreactivity occurred in both cases although there were no mucocutaneo-ocular symptoms. There was confluent perivenous necrosis with marked glio-mesenchymal reactions and persistent inflammatory changes, predominantly in the diencephalon and brain stem. These cases are clinico-pathologically analogous to Neuro-Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 3216211 TI - A quantitative Golgi study of basal dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. AB - Basal dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) were studied quantitatively by the Golgi impregnation method. The present data suggested that basal dendrites of the pyramidal cells were decreased in number in SDAT, and that the dendritic decrease was associated with a decrease in size of their cell bodies. PMID- 3216212 TI - Congenital spinal cord haemangioblastoma: another cause of spinal cord section syndrome in the newborn. AB - A newborn infant with negative perinatal history and characteristic clinical findings of upper cervical spinal cord section is described. Metrizamide myelography performed on the 7th and 22nd days of life was negative. Peroneal somatosensory evoked responses showed a conduction block at the cervical level. Necropsy revealed a haemangioblastoma extending from levels C1 to C5. PMID- 3216214 TI - Tabes dorsalis: electrodiagnostic features. AB - Electrodiagnostic data have not been previously reported in tabes dorsalis. A patient with tabes dorsalis is described whose nerve conduction studies and median nerve somatosensory evoked responses (SEPs) were normal. H-reflexes were absent. SEPs of the tibial nerve suggested posterior column dysfunction. These electrodiagnostic findings correlate precisely with the known pathology of tabes dorsalis. PMID- 3216213 TI - Multimodality evoked potentials in HTLV-I associated myelopathy. AB - Multimodality evoked potentials (EPs) consisting of somatosensory EPs (SEPs), visual EPs (VEPs) and brainstem auditory EPs (BAEPs) were studied in 16 cases with HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM). Median nerve SEPs were normal in all cases. In posterior tibial nerve SEPs, the potential recorded at the 12th thoracic spinal process was normal in every case but cortical components were significantly prolonged in 10 cases, although five of these showed no sensory impairment. BAEPs were normal in every case whose hearing was intact, but VEPs were abnormal in two cases whose visual acuities were normal. The present results in HAM indicate predominant lesion in the thoracic cord, and might also suggest some subclinical lesion in the visual pathway. PMID- 3216215 TI - The ontogeny of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the minor dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in neonates and children indicates that a rapid decline (approximately 90%) occurs in the first 2 years of life. The much less rapid ontogenetic decline seen for the predominant dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), indicates that differing factors affect CSF levels of the two acid metabolites. Further study is required to determine which compound more closely reflects ontogenetic changes in dopamine functioning. PMID- 3216216 TI - Noradrenaline, adrenaline and tyrosine hydroxylase in adrenal medulla from parkinsonian patients. PMID- 3216217 TI - Polyneuropathy cranialis following cervical epidural anaesthesia. PMID- 3216218 TI - Myokymia in motor neuron disease. PMID- 3216219 TI - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to sulpiride. PMID- 3216220 TI - McArdle's sign in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3216221 TI - Effects of nontoxic lipid A and endotoxin on resistance of mice to Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Mice were administered nontoxic monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) or refined standard bacterial endotoxin (RSE) prior to, simultaneously with, or after infection with Toxoplasma gondii. MPL and RSE given before or with the toxoplasma infection induced significant resistance. Administration of toxic RSE, but not nontoxic MPL, after the establishment of toxoplasma infection significantly shortened the survival time of mice. PMID- 3216222 TI - Inhibition of the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma by indomethacin in conventional, nude, and beige mice. AB - The effects of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin (Indo), on the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) growing as primary subcutaneous tumors in either conventional C57BL/6 mice, T cell deficient nude mice, or natural killer (NK) cell deficient beige mice were studied. In conventional mice, Indo, when continuously administered in the drinking water, consistently and significantly inhibited, in a dose-related fashion, the growth of LLC implanted either subcutaneously in the footpad or in the inguinal region; however, the degree of inhibition of footpad tumor appeared to be greater than that of inguinal tumor. Maximum inhibition was found when Indo was initiated before detectable or measurable tumor developed. If Indo treatment was initiated after tumor growth was evident, then Indo was found to be less effective, although significant inhibition was still observed. Indo also effectively inhibited LLC growing either in the footpad or in the inguinal region of nude or beige mice. The degree of inhibition of both footpad and inguinal tumors in both these mice was comparable to that seen in conventional C57BL/6 mice, indicating that mature T cells, NK cells, or soluble products produced only by these cells are not involved in mediating or modulating the inhibitory effects of Indo on LLC growth. Although Indo treatment significantly inhibited LLC growth in vivo, continuous treatment of cultured LLC cells with Indo in vitro did not decrease the growth of cultured cells. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of Indo in vivo is not the result of a direct inhibitory effect of Indo on these tumor cells. Lastly, this inhibitory effect of Indo in vivo could not be reversed or negated, not even in part, by the simultaneous, daily i.p. administration of 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2. This finding suggests that the inhibitory effect of Indo involves a mechanism other than the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production. PMID- 3216223 TI - TNF induces endogenous TNF in vivo: the basis of EET therapy as a combination of rTNF together with endogenous TNF. AB - Enough amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in mice serum for the therapy were observed by treatment with 100 units of recombinant human TNF-alpha (rHuTNF alpha) followed by administration of OK-432 (a streptococcal preparation). Optimal time interval between rTNF and OK-432 to produce endogenous TNF was 3 h, and priming activity of rTNF persisted for at least 10 h. The same effect was observed using novel human recombinant TNF-SAM2 (rHuTNF-SAM2) developed by our group. Production of endogenous TNF using rTNF-alpha or rTNF-SAM2 as a priming reagent was almost equal among various mice strains. Induced TNF in mice serum was completely neutralized by anti-MuTNF antiserum, but not by anti-HuTNF monoclonal antibody. rMuTNF could also induce the priming state; however, the dose-response kinetics of the priming effect to produce endogenous TNF was different between rHuTNFs and rMuTNF-alpha, suggesting species specificity among rTNFs used. The therapeutic effect against Meth A and MH134 tumors in mice treated by rHuTNFs in combination with OK-432 was superior to that by single administration of either OK-432 or rHuTNFs or by successive administrations of OK 432. Especially, the antitumor effect against MH134 hepatoma was superior to that of any other treatment using known biological response modifiers so far experienced. These results suggest that such combination antitumor therapy as rTNF together with OK-432 should be applicable to cancer patients. PMID- 3216224 TI - Neutralize dental fear with neuro-linguistic programming. PMID- 3216225 TI - Is overutilization the major reason for increasing dental expenditures? Reflections on a complex issue. PMID- 3216227 TI - SELECT. PMID- 3216226 TI - A survey of dentist employer/employee relationships. PMID- 3216228 TI - Getting it off your chest. The graduate: untrained to survive. PMID- 3216229 TI - MRI approach of multiple sclerosis. 449 cases examined at 0.15 Tesla. PMID- 3216230 TI - External magnetic guidance of endovascular catheters with a superconducting magnet: preliminary trials. Experimental studies in dogs and prospects of application. PMID- 3216231 TI - Angiographic, CT and MRI study of cryptic brain stem vascular malformations. PMID- 3216232 TI - MRI study of a feline model of acute cerebral ischaemia. Contribution of paramagnetic contrast media to the diagnosis. PMID- 3216233 TI - Review and synthesis of nine nursing studies on care and caring. PMID- 3216234 TI - How patients know that nurses care about them. PMID- 3216236 TI - First International Congress on Hypertension in the Elderly. 3-5 December 1987, Rome, Italy. Proceedings. PMID- 3216235 TI - When you care--things happen. PMID- 3216237 TI - Hypertension, quality of life and functional status: the concept of active life expectancy. AB - Mortality rates and measures of life expectancy are widely used to compare and monitor health within populations. However, there is a need to add dimensions of population health other than survival. An alternative measure, 'active life expectancy', is a way of quantifying the functional health of older adult populations and, in part, measuring quality of life. Life-table techniques are used to define the expected duration of well-being. Instead of death, the end point of active life expectancy is loss of independence in activities of daily living. Initial studies showed that active life expectancy decreased with age, from 10 years to 4.7 years and 2.9 years, respectively, for people entering the age intervals 65-69, 80-84 and 85 years and over. Since cardiovascular disease is the major cause of disability in the older adult population, measures of active life expectancy can provide improved information about functional independence and dependence. Life tables with estimates of active life expectancy can be used as a basis for determining the needs of age cohorts of people with hypertension and other conditions. PMID- 3216238 TI - Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the elderly hypertensive patient. AB - In this retrospective analysis, we assessed the usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the evaluation of elderly hypertensive patients. Thirty eight untreated and 31 treated hypertensives aged 70 years or more had a systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mmHg in the clinic. All 69 patients underwent blood pressure monitoring during their customary daily activities using a portable semi-automatic blood pressure recorder (Remier M2000). The mean of all blood pressures obtained with this device was taken as the ambulatory recorded blood pressure. Recorded blood pressures were greater than or equal to 160 mmHg systolic and greater than or equal to 90 mmHg diastolic in 17 untreated and 17 treated patients. In these patients, the introduction of antihypertensive therapy, or its modification, markedly reduced blood pressure during a 4-8 month follow-up. A further 21 untreated and 14 treated patients had recorded blood pressures of less than 160/90 mmHg. The treatment status of these patients was left unchanged for 4-8 months of follow-up. Nevertheless, office blood pressure in these groups, with no change in treatment, decreased significantly during the observation period. At the last visit to the outpatient clinic, there was no significant difference in blood pressure between the four subgroups of patients. Thus, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring appears to be useful in the elderly hypertensive patient in detecting those patients whose blood pressure is elevated only in the clinic. Blood pressure profiles obtained outside the clinic may therefore be useful in making therapeutic decisions in the aged hypertensive. PMID- 3216239 TI - Arrhythmias, hypertension and the elderly: Holter evaluation. AB - In order to clarify the role of age and hypertension in determining arrhythmias, we evaluated the average heart rate, and the number of supraventricular and ventricular premature beats and their severity (Lown grade) by 24-h Holter electrocardiography of 336 patients. We excluded 54 patients with prolonged runs of atrial fibrillation or supraventricular tachycardia because these arrhythmias reduce the possibility of determining the number of premature beats. Analysis of variance, carried out after dividing the patients into four different groups according to age and blood pressure (excluding patients aged 60-65 years with diastolic blood pressure of 91-94 mmHg) showed that the hypertensives had a higher average heart rate (P less than 0.01) and more supraventricular (P less than 0.05) and premature ventricular (P less than 0.01) beats than the normotensives; no difference was found among groups of different ages. The severity of premature ventricular beats was higher in hypertensives than in normotensives, and also higher in elderly than in 'young' patients (P less than 0.01). In the evaluation of all 336 patients we found correlations between age and severity of premature ventricular beats in both normotensives (P less than 0.05) and hypertensives (P less than 0.001). Multilinear regression showed that mean blood pressure was independently related to the average heart rate, and supraventricular and premature ventricular beats and their severity, while age was correlated independently only with the severity of premature ventricular beats (P less than 0.001). We conclude that hypertension induces arrhythmias, and that age increases their severity. PMID- 3216240 TI - Epidemiology and risk of hypertension in the elderly: the Framingham Study. AB - The contribution of hypertension to the development of cardiovascular disease in older subjects of the Framingham Study was systematically examined. Because of its high prevalence and sustained impact as age increases, hypertension emerged as the dominant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in older persons. The prevalence of definite hypertension increased with age to include about 40% of older men and 50% of older women in the Framingham cohort. The total incidence of cardiovascular disease rose progressively with increasing systolic blood pressure, irrespective of age and sex. Risk in the elderly of both sexes was approximately twice as great as that observed for younger persons at the same levels of systolic blood pressure. The risk of cardiovascular disease rose proportionally with increasing diastolic blood pressure in older men; however, this trend was blunted in older women. These findings suggest a more consistent role for systolic blood pressure as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in older persons. When individuals were classified according to hypertensive status, the overall risk for cardiovascular events and deaths due to cardiovascular disease was two to three times higher in subjects with definite hypertension compared with normotensives for all age and sex groups considered. Again, the risk was two to three times higher in older persons and nearly always higher in men than in women. Thus, whether predominantly systolic or diastolic, hypertension is clearly dangerous in terms of both absolute and relative risk as well as risk gradients for a broad spectrum of cardiovascular disease events in the elderly. PMID- 3216241 TI - Cardiovascular reactions to physiological stimuli in the elderly and the relationship with the autonomic nervous system. AB - In order to evaluate age-related differences in autonomic nervous system control of the cardiovascular system, we studied two groups of healthy subjects of different ages by means of an autonomic function test, the posture test, applied before and after meals. Our results suggest that the reactions of the cardiovascular system to physiological stimuli such as meals or standing up, differ in elderly compared with young people, partly because age modifies the balance between the parasympathetic and the orthosympathetic nervous systems. In the elderly there is a progressive decline in parasympathetic function, which controls the initial heart rate response to standing up. Splanchnic blood pooling and possible hormonal secretions after meals may produce a drop in blood pressure due to cardiovascular modifications in the elderly. Other factors contributing to the different patterns found in the elderly may be reduced compliance of the vascular tree, a decreased baroreceptor response and decreased sympathetic activity. PMID- 3216242 TI - Blood platelets and angiotensin II: angiotensin II release after platelet aggregation. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of angiotensin II (Ang II) in human platelets. The aim of the present study was to determine whether in vitro platelet aggregation induces Ang II release. We studied 20 healthy volunteers, and found that some aggregant stimuli can cause the platelet to release this peptide. Release of Ang II was greater with thrombin (40.7%) than with ADP (29%), while N-ethylmaleimide was almost ineffective. The release of Ang II following in vitro aggregant stimuli suggests that this may be one of the mechanisms through which platelets can locally modulate vascular tone and perhaps promote atherogenesis. PMID- 3216243 TI - Prevalence of symptoms generally attributed to hypertension or its treatment: study on blood pressure in elderly outpatients (SPAA). AB - A number of symptoms that appear to be associated with high blood pressure (headache, dizziness, epistaxis, tinnitus, weakness, drowsiness), and are usually regarded as secondary to hypertension or to antihypertensive drug therapy, were studied in 3858 elderly patients, 67.8% of whom were hypertensive. Of the hypertensive patients, 71.2% were under treatment. Headaches and dizziness were significantly more prevalent in the hypertensive than in the normotensive subjects (32.5 versus 27.4% and 41.5 versus 35.3%, respectively; P less than 0.05) and in treated compared with untreated hypertensives (33.3 versus 29.4% and 43.3 versus 37.1%; P less than 0.05). These differences disappeared after statistical correction for 'awareness of hypertension'. In multiple logistic analysis, female sex, age and awareness of hypertension were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of symptoms, whereas hypertension and antihypertensive treatment were not. We conclude that the presence of these symptoms does not constitute a reliable criterion for starting antihypertensive treatment or judging its efficacy. PMID- 3216244 TI - The ethics of ease. PMID- 3216245 TI - Financial arrangements. PMID- 3216246 TI - Acute vasospasm associated with anorexiant use. PMID- 3216247 TI - Breast lumps and cancer--a brief study in loss prevention. PMID- 3216248 TI - A.B.C's periodontics: "C" is for calculus. PMID- 3216250 TI - Opportunities for dentist preceptors. PMID- 3216249 TI - The prevalence, attitudes and perceptions of smokeless tobacco use by 5th, 8th and 11th grade urban boys in central Indiana. PMID- 3216251 TI - The President's address. PMID- 3216252 TI - [Investigation of serum viral antibody titers in vestibular neuronitis]. PMID- 3216253 TI - [Studies on screening for hard-of-hearing children by questionnaire. 1. Screening of 1-year-6-month-old children in conjunction with the physical examination of the Ministry of Health and Welfare]. PMID- 3216254 TI - [Reflex control of the nasal blood vessels--relationships between nasal blood vessels and lung receptors]. PMID- 3216255 TI - [Experiments on extracochlear stimulating electrode using polyvinyl alcohol gel for single channel cochlear implant]. PMID- 3216256 TI - [Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck]. PMID- 3216257 TI - [A new designed reed-fistula method]. PMID- 3216258 TI - [Large cyst of the epiglottis treated with microlaryngosurgical technique- histopathological findings and therapeutic method in 3 cases]. PMID- 3216259 TI - [Complications of sinus surgeries--the status quo and backgrounds]. PMID- 3216260 TI - [The influence of meteorological factors upon the pollen counts of Cryptomeria japonica]. PMID- 3216261 TI - [An experimental study of hydroxyapatite prosthesis in ossicular reconstructive surgery: long-term follow-up observation in the middle ear of cat]. PMID- 3216262 TI - [The changes in nasal mucosa with sex and age--measuring by methacholine inhalation test]. PMID- 3216263 TI - New data blasts lid off sugar bowl. PMID- 3216264 TI - How information-gathering, its documentation, its communication and a heads-up philosophy can reduce your exposure to malpractice claims and help you serve your patients more completely. PMID- 3216265 TI - Preliminary development and evaluation of a parenteral emulsion formulation of penclomedine (NSC-338720; 3,5-dichloro-2,4-dimethoxy-6-trichloromethylpyridine): a novel, practically water insoluble cytotoxic agent. PMID- 3216266 TI - Human serum albumin as a cosolvent for parenteral drugs. PMID- 3216267 TI - Working with the U.K. regulatory authorities. PMID- 3216268 TI - Regulatory issues of parenteral equipment and systems. PMID- 3216269 TI - A study of the solubility of amphotericin B in nonaqueous solvent systems. PMID- 3216270 TI - The future of pediatric psychology. PMID- 3216271 TI - Psychological consultation in a children's hospital: an evaluation of services. PMID- 3216272 TI - Antecedents of school problems in children born preterm. PMID- 3216274 TI - Size for gestational age and neonatal temperament in full-term and preterm AGA SGA twin pairs. PMID- 3216273 TI - Psychopathology and self-concept in asthmatic children. PMID- 3216275 TI - Neuropsychological sequelae of otitis media in children and adolescents with learning disabilities. PMID- 3216276 TI - Associations between family members' perceptions of the health care system and the health of youths with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3216277 TI - Development of a brief coping checklist for use with pediatric populations. PMID- 3216278 TI - Journal of Pediatric Psychology: a content analysis of articles over its first 10 years. PMID- 3216279 TI - Systemic mycotic disease of captive crocodile hatchling (Crocodylus porosus) caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus. AB - The sudden death occurred of a captive Estuarine crocodile hatchling (Crocodylus porosus). On autopsy, granuloma-like lesions were seen in the liver, left lung and spleen, and branching, septate fungal hyphae were observed in sections of liver and spleen. The fungus isolated from the liver showed characteristics of both Paecilomyces lilacinus and Paecilomyces marquandii but was closer to the former species. This is apparently the first report of the isolation of this fungus from a reptile in Australia. PMID- 3216280 TI - Increased frequency of HLA-B40 in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. AB - The presence of 9 HLA-A and 14 HLA-B specificities was determined in 83 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. The finding of a higher than normal incidence of HLA B40 (chi 2 = 10.8; corrected P less than 0.026) supports the hypothesis that genetic factors may play a role in susceptibility to paracoccidioidomycosis. The risk of developing paracoccidioidomycosis is 4.3 times higher for individuals carrying HLA-B40 than for those lacking this antigen. PMID- 3216281 TI - A quantitative structure-activity relationship study of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. AB - A quantitative structure-activity relationship study has been made of some 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibition activities of mevinolin analogs and 6-substituted 4 hydroxypyran-2 ones have been mostly found to be significantly correlated with the molecular size of substituents. In one case, however, the inhibition potency was found to be related to the hydrophobicity of molecules. These findings led us to suggest that the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase possesses an active site which is involved in dispersion interaction and another site which is involved in hydrophobic interaction with inhibitor molecules, depending upon the proper orientation of the latter towards these sites. Furthermore, the results indicate that both active sites possess limited steric bulk tolerance. PMID- 3216282 TI - Assessment of ocular irritability of liposome preparations. AB - Ocular irritability of neutral or positively charged liposomes were assessed by the Draize test, histological examination and the rabbit blinking test. The mean total score (MTS) of the Draize test showed a slight increase immediately following instillation of liposome preparations. However, it did not exceed the "practically nonirritating level", and the MTS rapidly became less than the "nonirritating level". No corneal histological alteration was observed by optical microscopy following 9 instillations of each liposome preparation. Although the neutral liposome preparation failed to increase the rabbit blinking count, the positively charged liposome preparation did so to a significant degree. The neutral liposome preparation was confirmed not to give rise to ocular irritation. However, the positively charged liposome preparation may cause pain or unpleasantness following instillation. PMID- 3216283 TI - Effect of oral pretreatment with indomethacin on the intestinal first-pass metabolism of salicylamide in rabbits. AB - The effect of oral pretreatment with indomethacin on the intestinal first-pass metabolism of salicylamide (SAM) was studied in rabbits using in situ intestinal sacs with complete mesenteric venous blood collection. The appearance of both SAM and its metabolites into the mesenteric venous blood was measured directly by cannulating the mesenteric vein of exposed rabbit intestine and collecting all venous blood draining from the absorbing region. By oral pretreatment with indomethacin, the total amounts of SAM absorbed in 20 and 120 min were significantly increased compared to the control. These results indicated the alteration of the permeability in the intestinal mucosa. In 20 min, indomethacin pretreatment resulted in increased appearance of SAM and SAM glucuronide in the mesenteric venous blood. In 120 min, increased appearance of SAM and decreased appearance of SAM sulfate were observed, compared to the control. These findings suggested that the change in the intestinal first-pass metabolism of SAM is probably due to the intestinal mucosal damage by oral pretreatment with indomethacin. PMID- 3216285 TI - Analysis of drug penetration through skin considering donor concentration decrease. AB - A diffusion model for in vitro drug penetration through the skin was constructed which considered drug concentration decrease in the donor solution. The Laplace transforms of the equations corresponding to the time courses of the drug amount in the receptor solution, in the skin and in the donor solution were derived. Computer fitting of the penetration profiles of in vitro experiments to the obtained Laplace transformed equation by a non-linear least squares program based on first inverse Laplace transform algorithm (MULTI(FILT)) gave two parameters corresponding to drug diffusion and partitioning. These parameters well estimated the drug amount remaining in the donor solution and in the skin. The mean transit time (MTT) was defined for drug penetration through the skin and was calculated using these parameters. MTT was shown to be a good index of drug penetrability. PMID- 3216284 TI - Hydrolysis of salicyluric acid in intestinal microorganisms and prolonged blood concentration of salicylic acid following rectal administration of salicyluric acid in rats. AB - The blood concentrations of salicyluric acid and salicylic acid following oral, intravenous, intracecal and rectal administration of salicyluric acid were determined in rats. After oral administration of salicyluric acid, salicyluric acid was rapidly absorbed. Salicylic acid was detected at low concentration. Following intravenous administration of salicyluric acid, salicyluric acid was detected in the blood and was rapidly eliminated. A trace amount of salicylic acid was detected, suggesting that systemic deconjugation of glycine was involved. Furthermore, in vitro incubation of salicyluric acid with contents of the gut showed that the major source of the hydrolysis was the hind gut. Immediate and very extensive salicylic acid formation in the cecum was found following intracecal administration of salicyluric acid. The blood concentration of salicylic acid was maintained at 2.6-4.0 micrograms/ml from 4 to 12 h following rectal administration of salicyluric acid (10 mg/kg: salicylic acid equivalent). Species difference in the metabolic fate of salicyluric acid in rats and rabbits reported previously is discussed. PMID- 3216286 TI - Effects of double-enkephalin (biphalin), an enkephalin analogue, on respiration and the cough reflex in rats. AB - The pharmacological actions of double-enkephalin (biphalin; (HCl-Try-D-Ala-Gly Phe-NH-)2) an analogue of enkephalin, on nociception, respiration and the cough reflex were compared with those of morphine in anesthetized rats. Double enkephalin (D-Enk), injected i.p., produced significant analgesia at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg in a hot-plate test. The analgesic effect of D-Enk was antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.p.). D-Enk and morphine (M) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the frequency of respiration (RF) and in the tidal volume (Vt). However, the effects of D-Enk on RF and Vt were significantly weaker than those of M. The 50% antitussive dose (AtD50) of D-Enk and M were 0.63 and 0.48 mg/kg, i.p., respectively. The antitussive effect of D-Enk was antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.). These results suggest that D-Enk exerted an antitussive effect similar to that of morphine, and that the involvement of opiate receptors is associated with the antitussive effect of D Enk. PMID- 3216287 TI - Inferring category attributes from exemplar attributes: geometric shapes and social categories. AB - Three experiments tested the hypothesis that judgments about the attributes of categories are disproportionately based on the characteristics of exemplars that best fit the category. In the first 2 experiments, subjects were presented with good and bad exemplars of categories with defining attributes (rectangles, triangles, pentagons, and ellipses) in which different colors were arbitrarily paired with the good and poor examples. In both experiments, subjects erroneously judged the colors paired with the good exemplars as more frequent than colors paired with the poor exemplars. A third experiment, using social categories, examined whether attributes associated with a single category member were more likely to generalize to the category as a whole for prototypical than for nonprototypical category members. Subjects were presented with information about individual fraternity members who varied in prototypicality, and the tendency to infer a target behavior (liberal vs. conservative voting behavior) from the individual fraternity member to the fraternity as a whole increased with the prototypicality of the category member. Implications for the contact hypothesis, category-exemplar relations, and belief stability are discussed. PMID- 3216288 TI - Depression and mental control: the resurgence of unwanted negative thoughts. AB - In three experiments we examined depressed individuals' mental control abilities and strategies. Experiment 1 revealed that although depressed college students were initially successful in suppressing negative material, they eventually experienced a resurgence of unwanted negative thoughts. Analysis of subjects' stream-of-consciousness reports indicated that this resurgence was associated with the use of negative thoughts as distracters from the unwanted item. In Experiment 2 depressed subjects acknowledged that positive distracters were more effective than negative ones in suppressing negative thoughts. This acknowledgement suggests that depressed subjects in Experiment 1 did not deliberately focus on negative distracters but that those thoughts automatically occurred because they were highly accessible. Experiment 3 demonstrated that depressed subjects' use of positive distracters could be increased somewhat when we provided such distracters and made them easily accessible. Taken together, the findings suggest that depression involves an enhanced accessibility of interconnected negative thoughts that can undermine mental control efforts. PMID- 3216289 TI - Neuroticism, extraversion, and related traits in adult twins reared apart and reared together. AB - The relative importance of genetic and environmental factors for neuroticism, extraversion, impulsivity, and monotony avoidance were estimated in a sample of 99 monozygotic and 229 dizygotic pairs of twins reared apart (TRA) and a matched sample of 160 monozygotic and 212 dizygotic pairs of twins reared together (TRT). The average age was 58.6 (SD = 13.6); 72% of the twins were 50 or older. Model fitting analyses verified the importance of genetic factors for all four measures; from 23% to 45% of the total variation was attributable to genetic sources. There was considerable evidence that these factors were operating in a nonadditive manner for extraversion and impulsivity. Shared environment accounted for less than 10% of the variance; some evidence for selective placement was found for neuroticism. PMID- 3216290 TI - Arousal, affect, and attention as components of temperament. AB - Contemporary models of human temperament have been based on the general constructs of arousal, emotion, and self-regulation. In order to more precisely investigate these constructs, they were theoretically decomposed into 19 subconstructs, and homogeneous scales were developed to assess them. The scales were constructed through an item-selection technique that maximized internal consistency and minimized conceptual overlap. Correlational and factor analyses suggested that arousal can be usefully assessed in terms of its central, autonomic, and motor components. The emotions of sadness, relief, and low intensity pleasure were most closely related to the measures of central arousal. Emotions of fear, frustration, discomfort, and high-intensity pleasure were more closely related to measures of attentional control. We discuss these findings in terms of the functional relations between arousal, emotion, and attention. PMID- 3216291 TI - Self-focused attention, gender, gender role, and vulnerability to negative affect. AB - Research has independently shown that both gender and self-focused attention are linked to depression. In this article, we report a series of studies investigating the relation between these variables. Using a standard self focusing manipulation, Study 1 suggested that women evidence a greater propensity to self-focus than men. We replicated these findings in Study 2. In Study 3, we conducted an experiment to determine if sex role in conjunction with experimentally increased self-focused attention would lead to more emotional distress after a negative event had occurred. Results suggested that feminine individuals who received a self-focusing manipulation responded with greater levels of self-focused attention and negative affect than did any other group. We interpreted findings in terms of a tendency to self-focus that might prime feminine people to experience depression, or alternately, as a lack of self focusing that may insulate masculine individuals from the experience of depression. PMID- 3216292 TI - Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. AB - In three studies we investigated the utility of distinguishing among different domains of interpersonal competence in college students' peer relationships. In Study 1 we developed a questionnaire to assess five dimensions of competence: initiating relationships, self-disclosure, asserting displeasure with others' actions, providing emotional support, and managing interpersonal conflicts. Initial validation evidence was gathered. We found that self-perceptions of competence varied as a function of sex of subject, sex of interaction partner, and competence domain. In Study 2 we found moderate levels of agreement between ratings of competence by subjects and their roommates. Interpersonal competence scores were also related in predictable ways to subject and roommate reports of masculinity and femininity, social self-esteem, loneliness, and social desirability. In Study 3 we obtained ratings of subjects' competence from their close friends and new acquaintances. Relationship satisfaction among new acquaintances was predicted best by initiation competence, whereas satisfaction in friendships was most strongly related to emotional support competence. The findings provide strong evidence of the usefulness of distinguishing among domains of interpersonal competence. PMID- 3216293 TI - HLA antigen frequencies in HIV-1 seropositive disease-free individuals and patients with AIDS. AB - HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ antigen phenotypes were determined in 266 Caucasian homosexual men, 90 of whom were HIV-1 seronegative, 94 HIV-1 seropositive AIDS free, and 82 with a diagnosis of AIDS [36 with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), 34 with opportunistic infection (OI), and 12 with KS and OI]. No significant differences in HLA-A or -B antigen frequencies were found in any comparisons of these groups. However, in comparisons of seropositive AIDS-free men with the AIDS groups, HLA Cw7 was increased in frequency in OI and HLA-DR1, -DRw14, and -DQw1 in KS. HLA DR3 and -DQw3 frequencies were decreased in KS, and DRw53 was decreased in OI. In a cohort of 102 HIV seropositive individuals that were followed for a mean of 43 months, AIDS developed in HLA-DR1 positive men more frequently than in individuals with other HLA-DR phenotypes (p = 0.02). These results demonstrate probable genetic differences between individuals developing KS and OI and indicate that the HLA-DR1 phenotype is a risk factor in disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. PMID- 3216294 TI - Lack of relation between human T-lymphotropic virus type I infection and systemic lupus erythematosus in Jamaica, West Indies. AB - To determine whether systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with human T-lymphotropic virus, type I (HTLV-I) infection in Jamaica, an endemic area for the virus, we studied 63 patients with SLE at the University Hospital of the West Indies in Kingston. Antibodies to HTLV-I were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique using purified disrupted whole virus as antigen, with confirmation by p24 protein RIA or competitive binding. Four of 63 SLE patients were HTLV-I seropositive (6.3%). There was no evidence for excess HTLV-I infection in SLE patients when their age- and sex-standardized HTLV-I seroprevalence rate was compared to that of a large group of healthy food service employees. None of 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were seropositive for HTLV-I. We conclude that HTLV-I infection does not appear to be linked with SLE in Jamaica. PMID- 3216295 TI - Neuroepidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Data from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and from the hospitals affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco show a significant incidence of neurological complications in AIDS patients and suggest that patients from different risk groups and geographic regions are at different relative risk for specific neurological complications. CDC national surveillance data show that Haitian-born AIDS patients are 3.7 times more likely to have neurological complications than are patients in other risk groups; neurological illness is also reported more often in intravenous drug abusers and black AIDS patients. Cryptococcal meningitis is most prevalent among intravenous drug abusers, Haitians, and blacks, and is most commonly reported in New Jersey, a state with a large proportion of AIDS patients in these three groups. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is reported much more often in Haitians than in other risk groups and is most prevalent in Florida among both Haitians and non-Haitians, probably because of greater exposure to Toxoplasma gondii organisms in the semitropical climate of Florida. The prevalence rates for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and primary central nervous system lymphoma are similar throughout various risk groups and regions of the United States. PMID- 3216297 TI - A serologic study of HIV infection in Liberia. PMID- 3216296 TI - Anti-HIV-1 antibodies, anti-HTLV-I antibodies and neopterin levels in parenteral drug addicts in the Austrian Tyrol. PMID- 3216298 TI - Interim report of the Presidential Commission on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic: Chairman's recommendations--Part I. PMID- 3216299 TI - Cardiomyopathy associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Three cases of congestive cardiomyopathy complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are reported. In one case, acute cardiac decompensation resulted in prolonged but ultimately reversible cardiogenic shock. In the second case, clinical signs of cardiac disease were precipitated by acute renal failure and fluid overload. In the third, congestive heart failure developed spontaneously and responded promptly to administration of diuretics but the patient died suddenly, apparently due to an arrhythmia. The etiology of cardiomyopathy in AIDS is unclear and the manifestations of cardiomyopathy in this setting range from subclinical to life threatening. PMID- 3216300 TI - Seroprevalence and demographic information of patients at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Manitoba, Canada. AB - Two hundred fifty individuals from high risk categories were enrolled in a seroprevalence survey for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Winnipeg. The overall seroprevalence in the Manitoba AIDS Virus Epidemiology Study (MAVES) was 5.2%. Of 2651 diagnostic and screening specimens in the province of Manitoba submitted over a similar period, 103 were positive (3.9%). HIV seropositivity in Manitoba was noted mainly in homosexual/bisexual males (especially those who were also intravenous drug abusers), hemophiliacs, and individuals from endemic regions of the world. Individuals whose only risk factor was intravenous drug abuse, those with sexually transmitted diseases, or those with high risk sex contacts have not demonstrated HIV seropositivity in Manitoba to date. Manitoba is currently a low seroprevalence region for HIV infection. Our study demonstrated that the awareness level of people at risk for HIV infections was low. In our study population, one-on-one counseling was demonstrated to be an effective way to improve short-term knowledge about HIV infections. Appropriate education approaches must be considered for Native/Metis peoples (26.4% of our MAVES study population), who were younger and had a lower educational and employment level compared to Caucasian/other racial groups. PMID- 3216301 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus and human T-lymphotropic virus type I infection among homosexual men in Kingston, Jamaica. AB - From August 1985 through January 1986, 125 homosexual or bisexual men from the Kingston area were enrolled in a study to evaluate risk factors for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). Twelve men (10%) were seropositive for HIV and 6 (5%) for HTLV-I; 1 man had possible coinfection with HIV and HTLV-I. One third of the men reported having had homosexual encounters with foreign visitors or while travelling outside Jamaica, and sexual contact with men in the U.S. was weakly associated with HIV infection (p = 0.11). The median number of partners was 12 per year (range 0-135) and a greater number of homosexual partners per year was associated with HIV seropositivity (p = 0.01). HIV seropositives also were more likely to have a history of lymphadenopathy (p = 0.07). For HTLV-I, there were no obvious risk factors identified, and age-adjusted seroprevalence was not significantly higher than that of heterosexual men. Compared to studies of homosexual men in the U.S. prior to the advent of extensive AIDS education, the Jamaican homosexual population was more sexually conservative. Despite this circumstance, HIV appears to have entered this population via sexual contact with foreign men and spread efficiently among men with a greater number of sexual partners. The frequency of bisexuality (65/125 men) and the 11% HIV prevalence in bisexual men suggest that secondary infection of female sexual partners may occur. PMID- 3216302 TI - Prevalence of HIV infection in New York call girls. AB - In order to evaluate the frequency of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among promiscuous heterosexuals, we studied the prevalence of HIV infection among a group of predominantly Caucasian call girls and women working for escort services and massage parlors in New York City. In the 78 subjects studied, the mean age was 31.6 years and the mean duration of prostitution was 5.1 years. Study participants each had a median of 200 different sexual partners in the preceding year. Six women had a history of intravenous drug abuse and none had a history of any other recognized risk factor for HIV infection. Ninety percent of the women studied used condoms during intercourse with at least some of their partners. One of the six women with a history of drug abuse and none of the 72 non-drug-abusers were seropositive for HIV. This study indicates that despite their promiscuity, HIV infection is still uncommon in call girls in New York City. PMID- 3216303 TI - Self-care behaviors and informational needs of seropositive homosexual/bisexual men. AB - Patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) are developing beliefs, behaviors, and a knowledge bases that may affect their health status, sense of well-being, and health care needs. However, little documentation of these changes exists. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to describe AIDS beliefs, behaviors, and informational needs of homosexual/bisexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients 7 years into the epidemic. Data were collected once from 178 patients using a modified version of the AIDS Beliefs and Behaviors Questionnaire (ABBQ). Study results showed that in 1987, most outpatients (73%) in an AIDS epicenter wanted more information about building their immune systems. Few patients (12%) wanted more explicit information about safe sexual behaviors, although 3 years into the epidemic this information was a central concern. Results suggest that health professionals need to take an active role in monitoring and addressing patients' changing informational needs. PMID- 3216305 TI - No evidence of HTLV-I infection in intravenous drug abusers in West Germany. PMID- 3216304 TI - AZT inhibits HIV-1 replication in monocytes. PMID- 3216306 TI - Scientific forum on AIDS: a summary. Does HIV cause AIDS? PMID- 3216307 TI - Confronting AIDS: update 1988. Executive summary. Institute of Medicine/National Academy of Sciences. PMID- 3216308 TI - The global picture of AIDS. PMID- 3216309 TI - The role of mathematical models in the study of HIV transmission and the epidemiology of AIDS. AB - The role of mathematical models in the study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, the epidemiology and demographic impact of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and the course of infection within an individual is reviewed. Attention is focused on the part models can play in short-term prediction, parameter estimation, the interpretation of observed patterns, and the identification of areas in which knowledge is inadequate. Methods for short term predictions, over 1-3 years, have proved reliable and can take account of distributed delays in the interval between reporting and diagnosis. Parametric and nonparametric methods have been developed for estimating summary statistics (e.g., means) for the distributed incubation period of AIDS. Current estimates, based on cohort or transfusion-associated AIDS cases, lie in the range of 7-10 years. Transmission models for longer-term prediction are less reliable at present given the many uncertainties concerning key epidemiological parameters. Theoretical studies highlight the need for quantitative data on temporal changes in the distribution of rates of sexual partner change and fluctuations in viral abundance in serum, secretions, and excretions (i.e., infectiousness) throughout the long and variable incubation period of the disease. PMID- 3216311 TI - AIDS care: providing care for the HIV infected. AB - To meet the needs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals, innovative approaches to health care delivery have been developed that could affect the entire worldwide medical care system. Innovations include dedicated inpatient and outpatient AIDS treatment and research units, extensive community service organizations, active volunteers, hospices, visiting nurses, AIDS information hot lines, confidential testing sites, outpatient infusion centers, integration of research and clinical care, and new roles for health professionals including AIDS as an unofficial medical subspecialty. Patient care has replaced medical care, and nurture and technology must coexist when a cure cannot be assured. Physicians expecting choice in patients they care for must accept HIV; staggering health care costs, a sorely taxed public care system, fear of infection or medical inadequacy, declining nursing school enrollment, decreased interest in primary care medical specialties, a dwindling supply of community volunteers, and sparse extended care facilities hamper our efforts to provide for AIDS patients. However, the abundance of vacant hospital beds, the social and scientific challenge of AIDS care and research, employment opportunities, and a new generation of health care professionals accepting AIDS as part of the challenge of medicine all offer hope for change. In AIDS, we have the opportunity to strike an alliance between the art of healing and the advanced technology of modern medicine. In doing so, we will all face our own mortality. PMID- 3216310 TI - HIV infection among persons who inject illicit drugs: problems and prospects. AB - Intravenous drug use continues as the second most common risk behavior associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States and Europe. Recently there has been increased public and research attention to this problem. Five areas of public health concern for AIDS among i.v. drug users are identified and discussed: (a) the potential spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to drug users in developing countries; (b) the emergence of cocaine use associated with HIV infection; (c) ethnic differences in seroprevalence rates among i.v. drug users, with ethnic minorities tending to have higher rates; (d) difficulties in changing the sexual behavior of i.v. drug users; and (e) an increased frequency of fatal infections among HIV seropositive drug users that are not counted with the current surveillance definition of AIDS. There have been numerous studies of AIDS risk reduction among i.v. drug users, but the ultimate effect of the behavior change on spread of the virus is not yet clear. Preliminary studies from New York City, San Francisco, and Stockholm indicate a relative stabilization of seroprevalence in those cities, suggesting that the behavior changes reported in those cities may be significantly slowing the rate of viral spread. PMID- 3216313 TI - Collaboration across borders. PMID- 3216312 TI - The new AIDS virus--ineffective and unjust laws. AB - Public alarm about the spread of AIDS leads to public demand for drastic laws to contain the epidemic and to punish those who spread it. In this paper, attention is drawn to the limitations of the law in achieving the modification of human behavior. Successes and failures in public health education campaigns, directed to the same end, are mentioned. The author cautions against putting too much trust in the law to achieve containment of the AIDS virus. However, there are three reasons for optimism about the developing laws on AIDS. These are the necessity of a rare degree of international cooperation, the encouragement of attention to fresh approaches to laws on human sexuality and drug taking, and the vital importance of attention to the neglected issues of efficiency and cost effectiveness in the design of new laws. This last point leads to a suggestion that AIDS has produced three new viruses called "HIL" (highly inefficient laws). HIL-I is the mandatory testing of the entire population for HIV antibodies. HIL II is the mandatory testing of specially vulnerable groups, especially foreigners. HIL-III is the mandatory requirement of HIV-free certificates at the frontier. The ineffectiveness and potential for injustice of such laws are exposed. The lesson derived is that there is no "quick fix" either for the AIDS virus itself or for the social and legal problems presented by it. PMID- 3216314 TI - Decreased whole blood 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in AIDS patients. AB - Significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased whole blood unconjugated serotonin levels were detected in AIDS patients as compared to patients with advanced cancers and to healthy individuals. PMID- 3216315 TI - Elevated phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and F-actin formation in PMNs from individuals with intraoral manifestations of HIV infection. AB - Alterations in polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) function are frequently associated with intraoral disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if alterations exist in three early stimulatory events of PMN function in individuals with intraoral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Peripheral PMNs were isolated from nine HIV-seropositive male homosexuals with HIV-associated periodontitis and intraoral candidiasis and healthy HIV-seronegative age-matched heterosexuals (controls). Phagocytosis was assessed using fluorescent microspheres, oxidative burst was assessed via hydrolysis of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (FCDH) to 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (FCDA) with PMA stimulation, and F-actin formation was assessed with NBD phallacidin stain after stimulation with f-Met-Leu-Phe. Compared to controls, seven of nine HIV-seropositive patients demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of phagocytic cells while seven of nine HIV-seropositive patients demonstrated a 5-59% increase in number of beads per cell. In the oxidative burst assay, seven of seven HIV-seropositive patients demonstrated a significant increase over controls in FCDA stain with PMA stimulation. In the F-actin assay, four of five HIV-seropositive patients demonstrated a significant increase over controls in NBD-phallacidin staining after f-Met-Leu-Phe stimulation. PMID- 3216316 TI - Oral defense mechanisms are impaired early in HIV-1 infected patients. AB - We have examined the hypothesis that individuals infected with human immune deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) experience significant, specific alterations in mechanisms protecting the oral cavity prior to the appearance of AIDS-related systemic opportunistic infections. In a study of 13 early-stage, stable anti-HIV antibody positive patients, parotid salivary function was found to be generally intact. In contrast, several indicators of submandibular gland dysfunction were detected. In particular, stimulated fluid output was decreased and salivary lysozyme levels were increased relative to controls by 50-60% for both resting (p less than 0.05) and stimulated (p less than 0.001) conditions. Also, the frequency of albumin detection in submandibular saliva samples was approximately 65% in HIV-1 infected patients vs. 0% in controls (p less than 0.05). In addition, cytologic evaluation of oral mucosa revealed a fivefold increase in the prevalence of candidal hyphae in HIV-1 infected patients compared to controls (41% vs. 8%, p less than 0.05). We conclude that normal oral defense mechanisms show signs of compromise in HIV-1 infected individuals. We suggest that (a) effects of HIV-1 infection are seen early in the oral cavity, (b) impairment of oral defense mechanisms may facilitate entry of microorganisms with an attendant increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and (c) intensive oral surveillance and prophylactic care should be part of the routine management afforded to AIDS patients soon after HIV-1 infection is recognized. PMID- 3216317 TI - Prognostic usefulness of the Walter Reed staging classification for HIV infection. AB - We evaluated the usefulness of both the Walter Reed (WR) staging classification and the component criteria used in the system in predicting progression to AIDS. The WR classification was applied to a cohort of 431 men who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus on entry into a prospective study. The WR classification was of limited usefulness, as only 133 men (31%) could be assigned to a WR stage. Among men who could be WR classified, only individuals in WR stage 5 were found to have a significantly more rapid progression to AIDS. The seropositive cohort was also classified based on initial CD4 cell number. Low CD4 counts (less than 400 cells/mm3) were significantly associated with progression to AIDS, and grouping seropositive men by CD4 number alone provided as much prognostic information as the WR classification. Skin test anergy was also a significant predictor for progression to AIDS, but only in individuals with low CD4 counts. PMID- 3216318 TI - Hospice care of the intravenous drug user AIDS patient in a skilled nurse facility. AB - We report on the initial experience in hospice care for a predominantly poor, black and Hispanic intravenous drug user AIDS population in New York City. Hospice care was provided in a skilled nursing facility with a certified hospice program delivering home care and inpatient care. A formal education program preceded patient admission to familiarize the staff and institution with AIDS issues. Between February 1986 and January 1988, 62 of 175 referred patients were accepted for hospice admission. The patients' mean age was 39 years and all had AIDS dementia complex. The mean length of stay was 35 days (range 1-280 days) and a total of 2011 days of hospice care was provided. Ninety-one percent of hospice days were spent on the inpatient unit; only 9% of hospice days were provided at home. Despite the requirement of expensive inpatient hospice care for most patient days, the estimated savings in decreased costs compared to acute hospital inpatient care was $751,488 for these 62 patients. Continuing fear of transmission among hospice staff was not a major problem; however, several unanticipated problems arose including (a) inability to provide home services, (b) continued drug abuse, (c) increased staff stress, (d) difficulty maintaining confidentiality, (e) difficult interactions with funeral directors, and (f) unsupportive and inappropriate funding requirements. Hospice care of AIDS patients is feasible, humane, and cost effective but problems of the intravenous drug using population require special attention and program modifications if hospice care is to be provided for this substantial and growing AIDS population. PMID- 3216319 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence and drug-using behavior in Milwaukee intravenous drug abusers. AB - We assessed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody prevalence and drug-using behaviors among intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) enrolled in Milwaukee drug treatment programs. Six (2.3%) of 266 study participants were positive for HIV antibody by Western blot assay. A history of needlesharing was reported by 91% of participants, injection of drugs within the past 6 months by 76%, visits to a shooting gallery by 34%, and drug injection outside of Wisconsin by 41%. Nonwhite participants were more likely than white participants to share needles greater than 5 times per month (odds ratio of 2.0) and more likely to have visited a shooting gallery greater than 5 times (odds ratio of 2.7). The average frequency of injection did not differ significantly by race or gender. Pharmacies were the most frequently listed source of sterile needles, and the most common reason for sharing needles was convenience. We conclude that as of late 1987, HIV seroprevalence in Milwaukee IVDAs remained relatively low compared to that of IVDAs in the northeastern United States. There may be racial differences in drug using behaviors that define distinct subpopulations of IVDAs. These differences should be assessed further, since they have important implications for the success of AIDS education efforts. PMID- 3216320 TI - Education in preventing HIV infection in Greek registered prostitutes. AB - From March 1984 to November 1985, 350 Greek registered prostitutes were screened for anti-HIV. Twelve of them (3.4%) were found to be positive. To monitor and control the further spread of HIV infection, an intensive educational campaign was established and screening every 3 months was implemented. Until October 1986, two new seroconversions were detected out of 270 examined (seroconversion rate of 0.74% per year). Further HIV infections have not been detected among the 282 prostitutes followed to 1988. This should be attributed to avoidance of clients from Central Africa and mainly to almost universal use of condoms as a result of the intensive educational campaign. PMID- 3216321 TI - HIV, HTLV-1, and HBV infections in a cohort of Italian intravenous drug abusers: analysis of risk factors. AB - A seroepidemiological survey of a group of 291 intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs), 45 household contacts of IVDAs, and 39 laboratory workers has been carried out to determine the prevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-1, and HBV antibodies in the sera, as well as to evaluate the role of various risk factors. Among i.v. drug abusers, the prevalence was 32.3% for HIV-1 and 6.6% for HTLV-1. For both viruses, the total figures did not significantly change from 1985 through 1987, accounting for a slow viral circulation in this group. No seropositivity (HIV-1, HTLV-1) was found among laboratory workers, whereas one subject was found seropositive for HIV-1 among household contacts. From 1985 to 1986, 5 out of 58 subjects seronegative for HIV-1 and 5 out of 82 seronegative for HTLV-1 seroconverted (incidence rates of 8.6 and 6.1%, respectively). From 1986 to 1987, none out of 11 seronegatives for HIV and 1 out of 16 seronegatives for HTLV-1 seroconverted. The total figures for hepatitis B markers were 79.2% among IVDAs, 24.4% among household contacts, and 25.6% among laboratory workers. A significant correlation was found between presence of HBV markers and seropositivity for HIV and HTLV-1. A significant association with HIV-1 seropositivity was found for history of sexual intercourse with HIV-1 seropositive partners and for sexual promiscuity. These data emphasize the important role played by sexual behavior in addition to needle-sharing in the spreading of multiple infections among drug abusers. PMID- 3216322 TI - AIDS information campaign has significantly reduced risk factors for HIV infection in Italian drug abusers. PMID- 3216323 TI - HIV-1 seroprevalence in male prostitutes in northeast Italy. PMID- 3216324 TI - The multiple benefits of an AIDS control program. PMID- 3216325 TI - Prevalence of HTLV-I and HIV infection among white parenteral drug abusers. PMID- 3216326 TI - [Synthesis of platinum complexes of 2-aminoalkylpyridine as carrier ligand and their antitumor activities]. PMID- 3216327 TI - [Studies on the metabolisms of fusaric acid(5-butylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid) aza-analogues]. PMID- 3216328 TI - [Purification of urokinase. I. Preparation and characterization of affinity chromatographic solid supports]. PMID- 3216329 TI - [Effect of probenecid on plasma concentration and tissue distribution of sulfadimethoxine in fast and slow acetylator rabbits]. PMID- 3216331 TI - [Studies on sesquiterpene lactones. XIV. In vitro cytotoxicities of some highly oxygenated sesquiterpene lactones]. PMID- 3216330 TI - [Studies on the metabolisms of azolecarboxylic acids closely related to the fusaric acid(5-butylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid)]. PMID- 3216332 TI - Feeding practices for infants and young children with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3216333 TI - The economic costs of nutrition services for a low-income prenatal population: II. Indirect and intangible costs. PMID- 3216334 TI - Vitamin E and selenium levels of premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 3216335 TI - Nutritional status of very low-birth-weight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: birth to six months of age. PMID- 3216336 TI - Later growth and development in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). PMID- 3216337 TI - Adolescent pregnancy performance in a North Carolina health department. PMID- 3216338 TI - [Acute fatal poisoning with buflomedil]. PMID- 3216340 TI - [A method for the rapid determination of chloroquine and monodesethylchloroquine in the blood by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3216339 TI - [Injuries caused by the pine-processing caterpillar in Province]. PMID- 3216341 TI - [Determination of chlormezanone in biological fluids by gas chromatography]. PMID- 3216342 TI - [Experimental toxicity of indium formate and indium formate- dibutyltin oxide mixture (90-10) in the rat]. PMID- 3216343 TI - Improving the validity of FH-RDC diagnosis of major affective disorder in uninterviewed relatives in family studies: a model based approach. AB - Analysis of family history and family study diagnoses of major affective disorder in 4806 relatives of affectively ill probands from the NIMH Collaborative Study of the Psychobiology of Depression (Clinical) suggests that rates of disorder in uninterviewed relatives are greatly underestimated by family history. The implications of these underestimates for family and genetics analyses using the family history method are discussed, and other estimates are developed that have better statistical properties. Using the Model Based Direct Adjustment method, the rate of major affective disorder in all relatives (interviewed and uninterviewed) is estimated to be 32%, compared to 25% by the consensus (standard) method, which uses the Family History-RDC interview with one or more family members to make diagnoses on all uninterviewed relatives. This difference (over ten standard errors) is due to the much higher rate of illness estimated for the uninterviewed relatives (28% compared to 14%). Analysis of the sources of insensitivity of the FH-RDC is used to explain the difference between observed and imputed diagnosis rates. PMID- 3216344 TI - Perseverative structuring of responses by schizophrenic and affective disorder patients. AB - Some theoretical implications from a CNS stimulation model of psychosis were tested by analysing the response patterns of schizophrenic (N = 34), affective disorder patients (N = 18), schizoid personality disorder patients (N = 9), neurotic patients (N = 9) and normal controls (N = 34) on a visual two-choice task with reinforcement. The subjects were required to press a left and right button in order to cause a cross (+) to appear on the monitor screen above one of the buttons. Certain subsequences of right and left presses were required in order for the cross to appear, and a coin-reinforcement was delivered on a variable-ratio schedule with respect to the cross condition. An analysis of structured responding in categories: one-side greater than 6, switching (RLRL), 2 1 switching (RRL) and double alternations (RRLL), revealed that the schizophrenic and affective disorder patients were significantly more perseverative in these response categories than normal controls, schizoid or neurotic patients. The last three subject groups were not significantly different from each other. The majority of the schizophrenics and all four manic patients showed the highest percentage of responding in one sided responses greater than 6, switching and 2-1 switching. Normal control subjects showed more varied response patterns with responses in double, triple and quadruple alternations and other combinations. The results are seen to support a CNS stimulation, behavioral competition model of psychosis. PMID- 3216346 TI - Proceedings of the Psychiatric Research Society annual meeting. Radisson Park City, Utah, 10-13 March 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3216345 TI - Personality and depression. AB - Several studies suggest that measures of personality traits and disorders are affected by depressed state. However, none of the studies to date have evaluated the effect of depressed mood on personality using current diagnostic criteria. The effect of depressed mood on personality scale scores and personality disorder diagnoses using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory was assessed in 42 depressed patients. There was a significant alteration in mean personality trait scores and reduction in personality disorder diagnosis between the depressed and remitted states. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3216347 TI - Accident or suicide? Do life change events lead to adolescent suicide? PMID- 3216348 TI - Working with a difficult adolescent. PMID- 3216349 TI - Family practice in the National Health Service: a mid-life crisis? PMID- 3216350 TI - Interviews in the selection of partners, trainees and medical students. PMID- 3216351 TI - Persistent effusion following acute otitis media: tympanometry and pneumatic otoscopy in diagnosis. AB - Children aged six months to 10 years in one practice who were diagnosed with acute otitis media were examined one, three, six and 12 months after diagnosis by a general practitioner and an otolaryngologist on the same day using pneumatic otoscopy. Tympanometry and pure tone audimetry were also carried out. Tympanograms were combined with the specialist's otoscopy findings to determine whether effusion was present. The outcome categories three months or longer after diagnosis were compared with the otoscopic findings up to that stage.The tympanometry results showed that of the 29 children (31 affected ears), five had evidence of middle ear effusion on all occasions tested, while six were normal throughout, 10 fluctuated and eight followed a resolving pattern. Examination 10 14 days or one month after diagnosis was 75% accurate in predicting effusion after three months. Recommendations are made for the use of the pneumatic otoscope in follow up by general practitioners. PMID- 3216353 TI - Use of hypnotic medicines by elderly people in residential homes. AB - Data relating to the use of hypnotic medicines from a descriptive epidemiological study of drug use in 55 residential homes for elderly people were analysed. Of the 1888 residents included in the study, 435 (23.0%) were receiving a total of 448 hypnotic medicines. There was preferential prescribing of short-acting benzodiazepines but long-acting benzodiazepines represented 31.7% of all hypnotic drugs prescribed. The median duration of treatment with temazepam was 0.8 years and with nitrazepam 2.5 years. The proportion of residents receiving hypnotic medicines in each home varied from 3.6% to 60.0% with a median of 24.1%. This study indicates a need for general practitioners to review their prescribing of hypnotic medicines for elderly people, paying particular attention to the duration of treatment. PMID- 3216352 TI - Audit of support given to lay carers of the demented elderly by a primary care team. AB - An audit was undertaken to determine how well a primary care team supported lay carers of the demented elderly. The following standards were set: (1) primary care teams should know of the existence of symptomatic demented elderly patients in the community; (2) lay carers should be knowledgeable about dementia; and (3) the resources which the lay carers felt they needed should be supplied unless they were unavailable.The primary care team knew of the existence of all symptomatic demented elderly patients in the practice but lay carers lacked knowledge about dementia and had unmet needs. Giving lay carers a booklet about dementia and reporting their unmet needs to the primary care team led to improvements in standards 2 and 3. In addition, stress among lay carers was reduced. In spite of a reduction in the number of carers' unmet needs, there was no overall change in the use of available resources following intervention.It is concluded that structured support is necessary and worthwhile in order to provide effective support for lay carers of the demented elderly in the practice. PMID- 3216354 TI - Survey of patients' satisfaction with access to general practitioners. AB - The north west England faculty patients' liaison group, supported by community health councils and family practitioner committees, surveyed patients' perceptions of accessibility to general practitioners in seven districts in 1985 and 1986. Findings on appointment systems, telephone access and out-of-hours calls are compared with those from other surveys. The results show that patients' satisfaction with appointment systems is related to the efficiency of their own general practitioner's system. The results also show higher levels of dissatisfaction with waiting times for outof- hours visits than in studies 10 years ago and that a large proportion of patients would like direct telephone access to their general practitioner. PMID- 3216355 TI - Introduction and audit of a general practice antibiotic formulary. AB - A survey of oral antibiotic prescriptions was carried out in a semi-urban general practice. From this a practice formulary was devised. The formulary was put into operation and the results of its introduction were reviewed after 12 months. There was a reduction in antibiotic costs without an increase in the number of patient consultations, home visits or referrals to hospital. PMID- 3216356 TI - Longitudinal studies of family units. AB - In this paper the transmission of illness and illness behaviour from grandparents to their children and grandchildren is discussed. Maternal grandmothers are found to have most influence. Some prediction of the frequency of new periods of illness among the grandchildren was possible by making use of the number of nervous disorders of the grandparents for which medical help was requested. As family doctors, general practitioners are in a favourable position to anticipate and try to prevent the transmission of inadequate illness behaviour from generation to generation. PMID- 3216357 TI - Nasal carriage of sodium fusidate resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3216358 TI - Patients' attitudes to deputizing services. PMID- 3216359 TI - Needs of general practitioners in providing stroke care. PMID- 3216360 TI - Lack of training in dermatology. PMID- 3216361 TI - Thyroid disease follow-up. PMID- 3216362 TI - Small group teaching. PMID- 3216363 TI - Infectious diseases update: AIDS. PMID- 3216364 TI - Single-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis at abdominal hysterectomy. Cefamandole vs. cefotaxime. AB - Two hundred twenty-three women were given a single, 1-g, intravenous dose of cefamandole or cefotaxime at elective abdominal hysterectomy in a multicenter, prospective, randomized, blind clinical trial of efficacy and safety. The demographic, surgical, efficacy and safety variables were statistically similar. Prior to discharge from the hospital, 12 women (5.3%) developed major postoperative pelvic infections that required parenteral antimicrobial therapy; no wound infections occurred. There was no correlation between a depressed antimicrobial development of significant postoperative infection. An expanded spectrum of antibacterial activity and a longer serum half-life did not improve clinical efficacy, and single-dose intravenous cephalosporin prophylaxis before abdominal hysterectomy was associated with a low incidence of pelvic infection. PMID- 3216365 TI - Benefits of posturethropexy bladder conditioning. Fact or fiction? AB - The influence of intermittent bladder catheter clamping upon detrusor tone in female postsurgical urethropexy patients was investigated. Thirteen patients who underwent retropubic urethropexy procedures were studied from March 1982 to December 1982. Utilizing a Corometrics 112 Fetal Monitor, intravesicle pressures were obtained in response to known volumes of saline solution instilled into the bladder. These measurements were obtained before and after the intermittent clamping sequence, which was carried out for a 24-hour period. No difference in bladder tone was noted when comparing prestudy to poststudy intravesicle pressures. Posturethropexy bladder conditioning failed to improve detrusor tone or bladder function in these patients. PMID- 3216366 TI - Postpartum foot drop. A case report. AB - Postpartum foot drop, caused by trauma to the lumbosacral nerve roots, has been associated with traumatic vaginal birth--fetal macrosomia and difficult forceps deliveries. After a spontaneous delivery a patient developed an L-5 neuropathy. In the modern era of obstetrics, foot drop is a rare complication of vaginal birth and causes significant disability. Although the condition can be permanent, most cases resolve in two to six months. PMID- 3216368 TI - Comparison of trends in admissions and discharges in two adjacent hospitals for the mentally handicapped. PMID- 3216370 TI - Child abuse: ethical and practical considerations for the dental team. PMID- 3216367 TI - Forskolin and phorbol esters decrease the same K+ conductance in cultured oligodendrocytes. AB - Cultured ovine oligodendrocytes (OLGs) express a number of voltage-dependent potassium currents after they attach to a substratum and as they begin to develop processes. At 24-48 hours following plating, an outward potassium current can be identified that represents a composite response of a rapidly inactivating component and a steady-state or noninactivating component. After 4-7 days in culture, OLGs also develop an inward rectifier current. We studied the effects of forskolin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on OLG outward currents. These compounds are known to alter the myelinogenic metabolism of OLGs. PMA, an activator of protein kinase C (PK-C), has been shown to enhance myelin basic protein phosphorylation while forskolin acting on adenylate cyclase, and thereby increasing cAMP, inhibits it. Both forskolin and PMA increase the phosphorylation of 2'3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, an OLG/myelin protein. We found that forskolin decreased the steady-state outward current at 120 mV by 10% at 100 nM, and by 72% at 25 microM from a holding potential of -80 mV. The time course of inactivation of the peak currents was decreased, affecting both the fast and slow time constants. There was no significant change in the steady-state parameters of current activation and inactivation. The effect of forskolin was attenuated when the adenylate cyclase inhibitor adenosine (2 mM) was present in the intracellular/pipette filling solution. The results of PMA experiments were similar to those obtained with forskolin. Whereas the amplitude of the currents in the presence of PMA was reduced by 28% at 1.5 nM and 60% and 600 nM, the decay phase of the peak currents was less affected. The PMA effect could still be seen when the intracellular Ca2+ was reduced to less than or equal to 10 nM with 5 mM BAPTA, but was inhibited when the cells were pre-exposed to 50 microM psychosine, a PK-C inhibitor. It is postulated that the potassium currents in OLG can be physiologically modulated by two distinct second-messenger systems, perhaps converging at the level of a common phosphorylated enzyme or regulatory protein. PMID- 3216371 TI - Peripheral giant cell granuloma arising in the mandibular molar region: a case report. PMID- 3216372 TI - A method of evaluation in continuing education. PMID- 3216369 TI - Peer relationships of mildly retarded young adults living in the community. AB - Socializing with peers and opposite-sex relationships were examined in two subsets of a mildly mentally retarded (MMR) young adult population living in the community: those who were no longer receiving MR services and those who were attending day centres for MR adults. The MMR young people not receiving services had fewer best friends and socialized significantly less often than a nonretarded comparison population. The MMR males not receiving services also had fewer opposite-sex relationships than comparisons but this difference was not significant for the females. At age 22, these MMR young people continued to see friends from school significantly less often than comparisons, indicating a possible detrimental effect of special schooling on later socializing with peers. The MMR young people at the day centres socialized more often but this was done almost wholly with others who were MR. Within the MMR study population, the young women not receiving services socialized with peers the least, less than the young women at the day centres and less than the young men not receiving services, but they were married most often. PMID- 3216373 TI - What to do when the unthinkable happens--you are being sued! PMID- 3216374 TI - Reaching the impaired practitioner: the peer assistance network. PMID- 3216375 TI - Postnatal dental care information for the expectant mother. PMID- 3216377 TI - AIDS: the Surgeon General's update. PMID- 3216376 TI - Abandonment. PMID- 3216378 TI - Key AIDS molecule may open avenues for drug research. PMID- 3216379 TI - Dentistry benefits from "Apple Lady" ads. PMID- 3216381 TI - Help needed to identify body. PMID- 3216380 TI - Diet can lower cholesterol and reduce heart disease. PMID- 3216382 TI - Comparison of the effects of critical point-drying and freeze-drying on cytoskeletons and microtubules. AB - We have compared the effects of critical point-drying (CPD) and freeze-drying (FD) on the morphology of Triton-resistant cytoskeletons and microtubules by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In general, cytoskeletons attached to Formvar films suffer less structural damage than cells or cytoskeletons attached to glass, because the Formvar film absorbs some of the stress associated with shrinkage during drying. However, as seen in stereo-pair electron micrographs, the three-dimensional structure of cytoskeletons prepared by FD is better preserved and shows fewer artefacts than those prepared by CPD. CPD specimens are flatter, often have a concave and apparently collapsed nuclear matrix and show large cracks both in the perinuclear zone and through the cytoskeleton. At least some of the damage appears to be due to residual water in the CO2 used as the substitution fluid, because cytoskeletons dried with a water filter attached to the CPD apparatus show substantially less damage than those dried without the filter. Freeze-dried cytoskeletons consist mostly of unbroken, smooth filaments and have no perinuclear open space. Comparison of the effects of drying on the diameters of in vitro polymerized microtubules showed that the diameter of microtubules is reduced after drying, but that FD causes significantly less shrinkage than CPD. Addition of 0.2% tannic acid to the glutaraldehyde fixative significantly reduces the shrinkage of CPD microtubules, but has no effect on FD microtubules. The observations on microtubules support the hypothesis that drying-induced shrinkage is the result of both pressure and solvent evaporation and they indicate that tannic acid stabilizes samples against the former but not the latter. PMID- 3216383 TI - Preparation of shadowed nuclear envelopes from Xenopus oocyte germinal vesicles for electron microscopy. AB - Methods for examining the structure of the nuclear envelope of oocytes of Xenopus laevis by electron microscopy using metal shadowing have been developed and evaluated. Minor modifications were made to existing methods for preparing specimens by freeze drying, mainly to eliminate unnecessary steps and a rapid method for examining the structure and arrangement of nuclear envelope components, based on dehydration in an ethanol series followed by amyl acetate and then air drying, was also developed. The preservation of the lamina and connections between the nuclear pore complexes using the rapid air drying method was satisfactory for observing the fibrous components of the envelope and their attachment to the pores. Furthermore, air drying required only simple laboratory apparatus and, moreover, offered several advantages compared to freeze drying when assessing the effect of various disruptive treatments on the nuclear envelope or examining the connections between its components. In specimens prepared by either the more rapid air drying method or by freeze drying, the lamina meshwork beneath the nuclear face of the envelope was clear, but the fine structure of the nuclear pore complexes was superior in freeze dried preparations. In views of the nucleoplasmic face of the envelope, the lamina meshwork was suspended above the support film in freeze dried preparations, but collapsed in most air dried specimens. This collapse was not without its advantages, however, as it facilitated observation of the connections between nuclear pore complexes and lamina fibres, which were often masked in freeze dried preparations. PMID- 3216384 TI - Infinite thickness in autoradiographs of iodine-125. AB - Infinite thickness for iodine-125 in autoradiographs was measured by autoradiography using four types of nuclear emulsion. Using Ilford K5, Kodak AR 10 and Hyperfilm-3H, a value of 20 microns was obtained. Using Hyperfilm Betamax, infinite thickness was greater than 60 microns. The results are discussed in relation to the types of radiation emitted as a result of iodine-125 decay and in relation to published image spread data for this radioisotope. PMID- 3216385 TI - Radiological seminar CCXLXI: Hepatic cavernous hemangioma diagnosed by 99mTc blood pool scintigraphy. PMID- 3216386 TI - A fairy tale. PMID- 3216387 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the Varkud mitochondrial plasmid of Neurospora and synthesis of a hybrid transcript with a 5' leader derived from mitochondrial RNA. AB - The Mauriceville and Varkud mitochondrial plasmids of Neurospora are closely related, closed circular DNAs (3.6 and 3.7 kb, respectively; 1 kb = 10(3) bases or base-pairs), whose characteristics suggest relationships to mitochondrial DNA introns and retrotransposons. Here, we characterized the structure of the Varkud plasmid, determined its complete nucleotide sequence and mapped its major transcripts. The Mauriceville and Varkud plasmids have more than 97% positional identity. Both plasmids contain a 710 amino acid open reading frame that encodes a reverse transcriptase-like protein. The amino acid sequence of this open reading frame is strongly conserved between the two plasmids (701/710 amino acids) as expected for a functionally important protein. Both plasmids have a 0.4 kb region that contains five PstI palindromes and a direct repeat of approximately 160 base-pairs. Comparison of sequences in this region suggests that the Varkud plasmid has diverged less from a common ancestor than has the Mauriceville plasmid. Two major transcripts of the Varkud plasmid were detected by Northern hybridization experiments: a full-length linear RNA of 3.7 kb and an additional prominent transcript of 4.9 kb, 1.2 kb longer than monomer plasmid. Remarkably, we find that the 4.9 kb transcript is a hybrid RNA consisting of the full-length 3.7 kb Varkud plasmid transcript plus a 5' leader of 1.2 kb that is derived from the 5' end of the mitochondrial small rRNA. This and other findings suggest that the Varkud plasmid, like certain RNA viruses, has a mechanism for joining heterologous RNAs to the 5' end of its major transcript, and that, under some circumstances, nucleotide sequences in mitochondria may be recombined at the RNA level. PMID- 3216388 TI - Temperature dependence of the structure of aggregates of tobacco mosaic virus protein at pH 7.2. Static synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. AB - The small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method using a synchrotron radiation source was applied to the study of the self-aggregation process of tobacco mosaic virus protein (TMVP) at a concentration of 5.0 or 12.0 mg ml-1 in 50 mM or 100 mM phosphate buffer (ionic strengths approx. 0.1 and 0.2, respectively) at pH 7.2 in the temperature region of 4.8 to 25.0 degrees C. This paper presents the results of static measurements of SAXS. Sedimentation velocity experiments were performed simultaneously under the same conditions. These results are qualitatively parallel to those of the SAXS measurements, although the size of stacked disks derived from the SAXS measurements is larger than that derived from the sedimentation experiments, suggesting a change in the equilibrium conditions in the centrifugal field. Qualitative analysis of the SAXS data with model simulation calculations implies that the aggregation of TMVP consists of two steps: (1) the aggregation of A-protein comprising a few subunits to form double layered disks; and (2) the random polymerization of double-layered disks by disk stacking. Increase in temperature, ionic strength or protein concentration induced TMVP to polymerize to form a double-layered disk or a quadruple-layered short rod with consumption of A-proteins, accompanied by a small number of multi layered short rods. The SAXS results indicate that the A-protein and the multilayered short rods are polydisperse with respect to size and shape, i.e. the mixture of A-protein, double-layered disks and multi-layered short rods coexists in the equilibrium state without pressure-induced partial dissociation of TMPV as observed during normal ultracentrifugation, and even under solution conditions in which the formation of double-layered disks or higher-order aggregates is favored. PMID- 3216389 TI - Association of nucleosome core particle DNA with different histone oligomers. Transfer of histones between DNA-(H2A,H2B) and DNA-(H3,H4) complexes. AB - In non-denaturing low ionic strength gels, the titration of core DNA with H2A,H2B produces five well-defined bands. Quantitative densitometry and cross-linking experiments indicate that these bands are due to the successive binding of H2A,H2B dimers to core DNA. Only two bands are obtained with DNA-(H3,H4) samples. The slower of these bands is broad and presumably corresponds to two complexes containing one and two H3,H4 tetramers, respectively. In gels of higher ionic strength, DNA-(H2A,H2B) samples produce an ill-defined band, suggesting that the lifetime of the complexes containing H2A,H2B is relatively short. However, the low intensity of the free DNA band observed in these gels indicates that most of the DNA is associated with H2A,H2B. In agreement with this, our results obtained using different techniques (sedimentation, cross-linking, trypsin and nuclease digestions, and thermal denaturation) demonstrate that the association of H2A,H2B with core DNA occurs in free solution in both the absence and presence of NaCl (0.1 to 0.2 M). The low mobilities of DNA-(H2A,H2B) complexes, together with sedimentation and DNase I digestion results, indicate that the DNA in these complexes is not folded into the compact structure found in the core particle. Furthermore, non-denaturing gels have been used to study the dynamic properties of DNA-(H2A,H2B) and DNA-(H3,H4) complexes in 0.2 M-NaCl. Our results show that: (1) H2A,H2B and H3,H4 can associate, respectively, with DNA-(H3,H4) and DNA (H2A,H2B) to produce complexes containing the four core histones; (2) DNA (H2A,H2B) and DNA-(H3,H4) are able to transfer histones to free core DNA; (3) an exchange of histone pairs takes place between DNA-(H2A,H2B) and DNA-(H3,H4) and produces complexes with the same histone composition as that of the normal nucleosome core particle; and (4) although both histone pairs can exchange, histones H2A,H2B show a higher tendency than H3,H4 to migrate from one incomplete core particle to another. The complexes produced in these reactions have the same compact structure as reconstituted core particles containing the four core histones. Our kinetic results are consistent with a reaction mechanism in which the transfer of histones involves direct contacts between the reacting complexes. The possible participation of these spontaneous reactions on the mechanism of nucleosome assembly is discussed. PMID- 3216390 TI - Surface, subunit interfaces and interior of oligomeric proteins. AB - The solvent-accessible surface area (As) of 23 oligomeric proteins is calculated using atomic co-ordinates from high-resolution and well-refined crystal structures. As is correlated with the protein molecular weight, and a power law predicts its value to within 5% on average. The accessible surface of the average oligomer is similar to that of monomeric proteins in its hydropathy and amino acid composition. The distribution of the 20 amino acid types between the protein surface and its interior is also the same as in monomers. Interfaces, i.e. surfaces involved in subunit contacts, differ from the rest of the subunit surface. They are enriched in hydrophobic side-chains, yet they contain a number of charged groups, especially from Arg residues, which are the most abundant residues at interfaces except for Leu. Buried Arg residues are involved in H bonds between subunits. We counted H-bonds at interfaces and found that several have none, others have one H-bond per 200 A2 of interface area on average (1 A = 0.1 nm). A majority of interface H-bonds involve charged donor or acceptor groups, which should make their contribution to the free energy of dissociation significant, even when they are few. The smaller interfaces cover about 700 A2 of the subunit surface. The larger ones cover 3000 to 10,000 A2, up to 40% of the subunit surface area in catalase. The lower value corresponds to an estimate of the accessible surface area loss required for stabilizing subunit association through the hydrophobic effect alone. Oligomers with small interfaces have globular subunits with accessible surface areas similar to those of monomeric proteins. We suggest that these oligomers assemble from preformed monomers with little change in conformation. In oligomers with large interfaces, isolated subunits should be unstable given their excessively large accessible surface, and assembly is expected to require major structural changes. PMID- 3216391 TI - Cubic phases of lipid-containing systems. Structure analysis and biological implications. AB - Of the six cubic phases identified so far in lipid-containing systems, the structures of only two have been determined unambiguously. We tackle the structure determination of the other four. We use for that purpose a novel pattern recognition approach, which consists of generating all the sets of phase angles (phi-sets) compatible with the observed reflections, and of screening them in a search for the "best" one. Two criteria are used for screening: both involve the parameter [(delta rho)4] (delta rho is a dimensionless function proportional to the Fourier transform of the set of observed structure factors). One is a test of smoothness, based upon the postulate that the "best" phi-set is that whose [(delta rho)4] is minimum; this criterion, equivalent to maximum entropy, is fulfilled when the system is devoid of heavy atoms, and when the polar and the hydrocarbon moieties occupy almost equal volumes. The other criterion is based upon the notion that [(delta rho)4] takes the same (or similar) values in thermodynamic phases with the same (or similar) chemical composition, whatever the structure of the phases. The validity of the two criteria is verified using numerous examples. The six cubic phases are analysed using this approach. The structure of three of them (Q230, Q224, Q229) can be described in terms of two three-dimensional networks of connected rods, mutually intertwined and unconnected: in Q230 the rods are coplanarly joined 3 by 3; in Q224 the rods are tetrahedrally joined 4 by 4; in Q229 the rods are cubically joined 6 by 6. The structures of Q212 and Q227 are related to those of Q230 and Q224, respectively; one of the two networks of rods is preserved, the other is replaced by a lattice of closed micelles. The structure of Q223 appears to consist of a cage-like continuous three-dimensional network of connected globules, coplanarly joined 3 by 3 at one end and 4 by 4 at the other, enclosing a three-dimensional lattice of closed micelles. The analogies of the structures of Q230, Q224, Q229 with the three fundamental cubic infinite periodic minimal surfaces are discussed. More interestingly, the structures of, on the one hand Q230, Q224, Q229 and of Q212, Q227, Q223 on the other, are shown to provide topological generalizations of the two paradigms of lipid organization; namely, the bilayer and the monolayer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3216392 TI - Differential pattern of misreading induced by streptomycin in vitro. AB - A simplified, plasmid-directed coupled system was used to study the effect of streptomycin on the accuracy of natural messenger translation in vitro. The interaction of six different codons with their cognate tRNAs and 18 non-cognate tRNAs was analysed in the presence and absence of the antibiotic. Streptomycin appeared to modify, to a varying extent, the frequency of errors in codon anticodon recognition. From this observation, some rules for mistranslation were inferred. PMID- 3216393 TI - Immuno-electron microscopic identification of human estrogen receptor-DNA complexes at the estrogen-responsive element and in the first intron of a Xenopus vitellogenin gene. AB - Using an extract of nuclei from the estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, protein-DNA complexes were assembled in vitro at the 5' end of the Xenopus laevis vitellogenin gene B2 that is normally expressed in liver after estrogen induction. The complexes formed were analyzed by electron microscopy after labeling by the indirect colloidal gold immunological method using a monoclonal antibody specific for the human estrogen receptor. As identified by its interaction with protein A-gold, the antibody was found linked to two protein DNA complexes, the first localized at the estrogen responsive element of the gene and the second in intron I, thus proving a direct participation of the receptor in these two complexes. The procedure used allows the visualization and rapid localization of specific transcription factors bound in vitro to a promoter or any other gene region. PMID- 3216394 TI - Afferent projections of the trigeminal nerve in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. AB - The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemical technique was used to examine the peripheral distribution and afferent projections of the trigeminal nerve in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve distribute over the head via four branches. The ophthalmic branch distributes fibers to the region above the eye and naris. The maxillary and mandibular branches innervate the regions of the upper and lower lip, respectively. A fourth branch of the trigeminal nerve was demonstrated to be present in the hyomandibular trunk. Upon entering the medulla the trigeminal afferent fibers divide into a rostromedially directed bundle and a caudally directed bundle. The rostromedially directed bundle terminates in the sensory trigeminal nucleus (STN) located within the rostral medulla. The majority of fibers turn caudally, forming the descending trigeminal tract. Fibers of the descending trigeminal tract terminate within three medullary nuclei: the nucleus of the descending trigeminal tract (NDTV), the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Spv), and the medial funicular nucleus (MFn). All projections, except for those to the MFn, are ipsilateral. Contralateral projections were observed at the level of the MFn following the labeling of the ophthalmic and maxillomandibular branches. All branches of the trigeminal nerve project to all four of the trigeminal medullary nuclei. Projections to the STN and MFn were found to be topographically organized such that the afferents of the ophthalmic branch project onto the ventral portion of these nuclei, while the afferents of the maxillo- and hyomandibular branches project to the dorsal portion of these nuclei. Cells of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus were retrogradely labeled following HRP application to the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve. In addition to demonstrating the ascending mesencephalic trigeminal root fibers, HRP application to the above mentioned branches also revealed descending mesencephalic trigeminal fibers. The descending mesencephalic trigeminal fibers course caudally medial to the branchiomeric motor column and terminate in the ventromedial portion of the MFn. PMID- 3216395 TI - On how the periosteal bone of the delphinid humerus becomes cancellous: ontogeny of a histological specialization. AB - In cetaceans, the bones of the flippers lack a free medullary cavity and have a cancellous texture, with compact cortices reduced or absent. The present work discusses the ontogenetic basis of these characters in terms of the ontogeny of the structure and textural bone compactness (TBC) of the humeral diaphysis in a growth series of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis). The texture of the primary periosteal deposits is compact; soon after their accretion, the deposits undergo an extensive erosion that turns them into a cancellous tissue. A diffuse endosteal front of resorption expands in parallel with the growth of the cortex and acts as small units scattered within the cortices. Starting soon after birth and continuing throughout the life of the animals, the compactness of the periosteal cortex decreases at both general and local levels. This trend correlates strongly with the increase in size of the diaphyseal section and reflects the fact that relatively more bone is eroded than deposited during growth in the cancellous parts of the cortex. In the broad sense, this is basically an osteoporotic process, which is not identical, however, to senile or disuse osteoporoses. PMID- 3216396 TI - Spermiogenesis in the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): a study of cytoplasmic events including cell volume changes and cytoplasmic elimination. AB - The process involved in the reduction of both nuclear and cytoplasmic volume was investigated in the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), a teleost fish. Young spermatids contained centrally positioned nuclei which, with time, moved toward the cell surface to become eccentrically positioned. Chromatin condensation was initiated from a region near the implantation fossa, whereas at the opposite pole of the nucleus an area sparse in heterochromatin (clear area) was noted. The nuclear membrane lying adjacent to the clear area dissolved and subsequently reformed, yielding a nucleus with a reduced volume. During this process, packets of cytoplasm surrounded by a double membrane were formed along the future midpiece. The packets of cytoplasm migrated toward the cell surface, protruded from the surface, and were extruded into the spermatocyst lumen. These structures, termed residual bodies, were subsequently endocytosed, accumulated into large phagocytic vacuoles, and eventually degraded by the nearby Sertoli cell. When the spermatocyst ruptured, spermatozoa containing sparse cytoplasm were released into the excurrent duct system. During spermiogenesis, both the nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes decreased substantially (80%, 92% respectively) leading to an overall 87% reduction in total cell volume. PMID- 3216397 TI - Abstracts for the Noosa Heads meeting of the Australasian and New Zealand section of the International Society for Heart Research. 15-17 February, 1988. PMID- 3216398 TI - Modification of the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio in the phospholipids of rat ventricular myocytes in culture by the use of synthetic media: functional and biochemical consequences in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. AB - The respective roles of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids on the lipid composition, physiological properties and enzyme release was investigated on isolated cardiac muscle cells in normoxia and hypoxia. Rat neonatal ventricular myocytes were grown for 5 days in conventional serum-supplemented medium. Cells were then incubated for 24 h in fully chemically-defined media featuring a balanced fatty acid composition containing either linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) or linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) as sole polyunsaturated fatty acid source. Transmembrane potentials were monitored with microelectrodes and contractions with a photoelectric device. The radio of n-6 to n-3 phospholipid fatty acids increased from 6.3 in control cells to 20.2 in cells exposed to n-6 fatty acids (SM6) and decreased to 1.4 in those exposed to n-3 fatty acids (SM3). These modifications had no influence on the electrical and mechanical activities and on automaticity in normoxic conditions. The action potential depression under hypoxia was less severe in SM6 cells, whereas there was a better electrophysiological recovery upon reoxygenation in SM3 cells. However, the loss of lactate dehydrogenase during sustained hypoxic treatment was not affected by changes in phospholipid fatty acid pattern. These results suggest that the effect of the polyunsaturated fatty acid balance depends on the cellular function under study and on the environmental conditions. PMID- 3216399 TI - Catecholamine release and potassium accumulation in the isolated globally ischemic rabbit heart. AB - The relation between the release of endogenous catecholamines and the rise in extracellular potassium concentration [( K+]0) was studied during global ischemia in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. An increase in release of catecholamines was observed only after ischemic periods longer than 10 min. In agreement with other studies, [K+]0 initially rose until a plateau phase was established after 8 min. During this phase [K+]0 actually decreased in several hearts. In these hearts, lactate release was larger (116.9 +/- 22.4 mumol/g dry wt, n = 5) than in hearts in which no decrease in [K+]0 was observed (83.3 +/- 16.0 mumol/g dry wt, n = 6). Blockade of the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors by phentolamine (5 x 10(-6) M) and propranolol (10(-6) M), respectively, prevented the decrease in [K+]0. These findings show that the secondary decrease in [K+]0 is associated with increased glycolytic flux. Moreover, catecholamines are a prerequisite for this decrease and are frequently observed between 8 and 15 min of ischemia. PMID- 3216400 TI - Interaction between propranolol and calcium channel blockers in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. AB - The ability of the beta-receptor antagonist propranolol to influence the response of isolated cardiac and vascular smooth muscle to several classes of calcium channel blockers was examined. For comparison, the interactions between propranolol and other classes of negative inotropic and vasorelaxant agents was also evaluated. The results of these studies demonstrate that propranolol pre treatment significantly enhances the in vitro response to the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker nifedipine, but not the thiazapine calcium channel blocker diltiazem. This enhancement was unrelated to the negative inotropic or vasorelaxant properties of these agents. In addition, propranolol pre-treatment of rat cortical membranes also enhanced the affinity of nifedipine for the 3H nitrendipine binding site, but did not alter the effect of diltiazem on 3H nitrendipine binding. These observations suggest that a direct interaction may exist between beta-receptor antagonists and dihydropyrine-type calcium channel blockers. This interaction may be an important factor in selecting drug therapy for conditions such as hypertension and angina. PMID- 3216401 TI - Exogenous palmitoyl carnitine and membrane damage in rat hearts. AB - In rat hearts perfused using the Langendorff technique, a cellular release of myoglobin (an index of sarcolemmal damage) was induced in a dose-dependent way by palmitoyl carnitine concentrations exceeding 1.6 microM in the perfusion solution. From 0.7 to 64.5 mmoles palmitoyl carnitine/kg dry wt were taken up by the heart tissues exposed for 30 min to extracellular palmitoyl carnitine concentrations ranging between 0.7 and 100 microM. The steep S-shaped curve relating the cellular myoglobin release provoked by Ca2+ readmission after Ca2+ free perfusion (the calcium paradox) to the perfusion temperature was shifted to lower temperatures by 2 to 3 degrees C in the presence of 1.6 microM palmitoyl carnitine. The loss of myoglobin induced by a mechanical distention of the left ventricular wall during Ca2+-free perfusion was nearly doubled in the presence of 1.6 microM palmitoyl carnitine. Isolated rod-shaped myocytes turned round within 20 min when the extracellular palmitoyl carnitine concentration exceeded 1.6 microM. It is concluded that the presence of palmitoyl carnitine in the perfusion medium at concentrations below those usually adopted in the literature to study the effects of palmitoyl carnitine on the sarcolemmal function induces membrane disruption and exacerbates the membrane damage caused by other factors. The tissue amphiphile content is probably critical to these effects. PMID- 3216402 TI - An embryonic-like myosin heavy chain is transiently expressed in nodal conduction tissue of the rat heart. AB - In the bovine nodal conduction tissue we have described the existence of a novel cardiac myosin isoform, immunologically related to the myosin types expressed during skeletal muscle development. Using different monoclonal antibodies specific for the embryonic and the neonatal skeletal myosin heavy chain types we investigated the myosin composition of the rat sino-atrial and atrio-ventricular nodes. We find that nodal conduction tissue fibers of the rat heart contain a distinct cardiac myosin isoform antigenically similar to the skeletal embryonic myosin heavy chain. The expression of this myosin isoform in nodal tissue appears to be developmentally regulated and partially controlled by thyroid hormone. Reactive cardiac fibers were detected in the nodal regions only during fetal development and a few days after birth, whereas very rare labelled fibers could be observed in the adult nodes. This myosin type does not represent a primordial cardiac myosin isoform since it was not detected in the embryonic heart before 13.5 days of gestation. When congenital hypothyroidism was induced in rats, the post-natal disappearance of reactive fibers in the nodal regions was delayed. On the other hand, hypothyroidism induced in the adult rats did not change the number of the reactive nodal fibers with respect to the euthyroid hearts. PMID- 3216403 TI - The cardiac contractile failure induced by chronic creatine and phosphocreatine deficiency. AB - Rats were fed a diet containing beta-guanidinopropionic acid (GP), an inhibitor of creatine transport. After 6 to 8 weeks of feeding the myocardial creatine (Cr) and phosphocreatine (PCr) stores were severely depleted while ATP content was normal. Hearts of GP-treated rats perfused according to Neely's working heart model revealed clear cardiac contractile failure: the maximal work capacity at a stepwise increase in resistance as well as the maximal oxygen consumption were 32 to 40% less in the GP group. The cardiac failure in GP-treated working hearts was associated with a rise in the left ventricular diastolic pressure, which could cause a diminished cardiac output probably due to impaired LV filling. The extent of the contractile failure was found to depend on functional load and on the degree of Cr (PCr) substitution. The energy fluxes through creatine kinase measured by the 31P-NMR saturation transfer technique were diminished by a factor of two after substitution of 90% of creatine, but still exceeded the rate of ATP turnover. The results are compatible with the concept of phosphocreatine pathway for intracellular energy transport and show that PCr is an important high energy phosphate compound for cardiac contractile function. PMID- 3216404 TI - Calcium ions and 1-palmitoyl carnitine reduce erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility: test of a surface charge hypothesis. AB - In ventricular muscle, 1-palmitoyl carnitine (1-PC) acted like calcium ions to shift the voltage-dependent inactivation of excitatory ion currents to less negative potentials. We proposed that 1-PC affected ion current kinetics by reducing surface negative charge. This hypothesis was tested in cell electrophoresis experiments where the electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of erythrocytes was measured in the absence and presence of test ligands. Calcium (0.18 to 3.6 mM) or 1-PC (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) reduced erythrocyte EPM in a concentration-dependent manner; the maximum reduction of EPM by either ligand was approximately 40%. In the presence of calcium, 1-PC produced a smaller decrement of EPM as expected from an occlusive interaction. Treatment of erythrocytes to remove sialic acids not only predictably reduced EPM but also diminished the ability of 1-PC and calcium to do so. These results indicate that the surface negative charge of sialic acid carboxyl groups is an important determinant both of erythrocyte EPM and of erythrocyte interaction with either 1-PC or calcium. The findings are consistent with the surface charge hypothesis for 1-PC action. We propose that 1-PC is not a neutral molecule at the cell surface but is able to neutralize surface negative charge by electrostatic interaction between the sialic acid carboxyl groups and the 1-PC quaternary ammonium moiety on the one hand and between the 1-PC carboxyl group and counterions near the membrane surface. PMID- 3216405 TI - Estimates of interstitial adenosine from surface exudates of isolated rat hearts. AB - The adenosine concentration of exudate formed on the surface of isolated perfused rat hearts has been used to obtain estimates of interstitial values. At a constant perfusion of approximately 15 ml/min/g, exudate was collected from below ring seals that either fitted snugly (compressing seals) or that acted as wicks (wicking seals) to deflect venous effluent away from the apical surface. Steady state exudates flows obtained below each of these seals were 0.96 +/- 0.05 ml/min and 0.18 +/- 0.02 ml/min, respectively. Adenosine concentration of surface exudate and venous effluent from hearts with the compressing seal were 130 +/- 8 nM and 23 +/- 3 nM, respectively, and from those with the wicking seal were 770 +/- 93 nM and 36 +/- 9 nM, respectively. Interstitial adenosine concentration in a situation with no net filtration may be slightly higher than that achieved in the exudate from preparations with the wicking seal. Addition of exogenous adenosine to the perfusate (1.0 microM) decreased vascular resistance and automaticity of all preparations, increased the venous effluent adenosine concentration to 236 +/- 18 nM and 251 +/- 30 nM with the compressing and wicking seals, respectively, but did not significantly alter the exudate adenosine concentration with either of the seals. This finding suggests that increases in vascular adenosine may influence functional characteristics without altering interstitial levels. Perfusion with 10 microM adenosine increased adenosine concentration in both effluent and exudate in all preparations but the gradient was reversed so that effluent levels were significantly higher than exudate levels. We conclude that venous adenosine determinations significantly underestimate the interstitial adenosine concentration associated with endogenous adenosine production and significantly overestimate the interstitial levels achieved by infusion of exogenous adenosine. PMID- 3216406 TI - Differences in action potential configuration in ventricular trabeculae correlate with differences in density of transverse tubule-sarcoplasmic reticulum couplings. AB - The goal of the present study was to identify structural correlates to an observed variability in the response of ventricular muscle action potential configuration to ryanodine. In a previous study, rabbit ventricular trabeculae were shown to display either a shortened action potential (Group I) or lengthened action potential (Group II) in response to the negative inotropic drug ryanodine. The configuration of control action potentials were also different in these two groups. Action potentials in Group I trabeculae exhibited a prominent early repolarization and low plateau, while those in Group II exhibited a small early repolarization and high plateau. Electron microscope morphometric data showed that there is a significant, positive linear correlation between the number of transverse tubules displaying internal couplings with sarcoplasmic reticulum and the change in action potential duration in the presence of ryanodine. No other differences in internal coupling structure were observed. Although variability in the prominence of M-lines was also apparent between myocytes in both Group I and Group II, there is no correlation between the M-line prominence and ryanodine induced change in electrophysiological behavior. No other structural variability was noted between Group I and Group II trabeculae. It is suggested that the difference in electrophysiological characteristics in the two groups might be due to a difference in T-tubular density. This hypothesis seems most plausible if there is a differential distribution of ion channels between the surface membrane and T-tubular membrane. PMID- 3216407 TI - Myocardial dysfunction and coronary vasoconstriction induced by platelet activating factor in the post-infarcted rabbit isolated heart. AB - Myocardial injury was produced in separated groups of anesthetized rabbits by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery for 1 h followed by reperfusion for 2, 4, or 6 h after release of the occlusive ligature. The ischemically injured and reperfused hearts subsequently were isolated and perfused using a modified Langendorff apparatus. Platelet-activating factor in the form of AGEPC (1-0-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine), 40 nmol in 1 ml, was infused above the coronary ostia over 15 s. Thromboxane B2 (TxB2- and peptidoleukotrienes (LT) were measured in the lymphatic effluent from the heart. Noninfarcted hearts (isolated hearts and sham-operated animals) served as procedural controls and lyso-GEPC (1-0-hexa-decyl-2-0-lyso-sn-glyceryl phosphorylcholine), 40 nmol in 1 ml, served as the agonist control. After the infusion of AGEPC in the infarcted hearts, coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased while left ventricular peak systolic pressure decreased. The observed changes coincided with TxB2 peak release at 1 min and LT peak release at 2 min. The longer post-ischemic reperfusion time was associated with increasingly greater changes in these parameters. In hearts isolated after 6 h of reperfusion, the functional changes and the appearance of TxB2 and LT in response to the administration of AGEPC reached a significant level (ANOVA) with respect to those base-line values and the values obtained with hearts from sham-operated animals. Minimal changes occurred in noninfarcted hearts or with the administration of the biologically inactive phospholipid, lyso GEPC. Histologic evaluation of cardiac tissue showed a progressive time-dependent migratory increase of leukocytes from the intra- and perivascular areas toward the region of infarcted myocardium. Platelet aggregates were seen in the intravascular spaces. The data are consistent with the suggestion that the infiltrating leukocytes and platelets may serve as a source for the synthesis and release of TxB2 and LT in acutely infarcted hearts upon exposure to AGEPC. If it is possible for AGEPC to be synthesized and released from vascular endothelial or inflammatory cells leading to the formation of thromboxane A2 and LT from reperfused myocardium, then these substances may participate in increasing coronary artery resistance and in the development of myocardial dysfunction during the evolution of an acute myocardial infarction and especially during the phase of perfusion. PMID- 3216408 TI - Cross-bridge theory: do not disturb! PMID- 3216409 TI - Axotomy of the rat facial nerve leads to increased CR3 complement receptor expression by activated microglial cells. AB - Axotomy of the rat facial nerve leads to mitotic divisions of microglial cells without developing into phagocytes. In order to study the functional characteristics of those activated, i.e., proliferating but nonphagocytic, microglia we investigated the expression of monocyte/macrophage antigens by these cells. Our results show that activated microglia lack monocyte/macrophage antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibodies Ox-41, ED1, ED2, and Ki-M2R but express high levels of CR3 complement receptors in situ. PMID- 3216410 TI - Ganglioside metabolism in the hippocampus after septal lesion in rats. AB - The changes in ganglioside composition and metabolism of deafferentiated rat hippocampus were estimated after septal lesion. A significant decrease in total ganglioside concentration was found 7 days after the lesion. The reduced level of total gangliosides persisted at 17 and 25 days. Relative increase in the proportion of GD1b and GX (O-acetylated GT1b) and decrease in GM1 were found in hippocampus only at 25 days post-lesion. The incorporation of 3H-N acetylmannoseamine into gangliosides was examined in rats whose hippocampi were lesioned 25 days prior to radioprecursor injection. Differences in the labeling pattern of total and individual gangliosides were found. Increases in the label in GM1, GD3, and GD1a and decreases in GT1b and GQ1b were found 10 hr after isotope injection. However, decreases in the specific activity of all gangliosides except GT1b and GQ1b were observed 24 hr after 3H-N acetylomannosamine injection, suggesting the activated turnover of gangliosides in postlesioned hippocampus. The significance of these changes has been discussed in terms of cellular damage and repair in the hippocampal tissue. PMID- 3216411 TI - Secretion of newly synthesized proteins into the extracellular fluid of the rabbit hippocampus. AB - Extracellular proteins were collected continuously from the hippocampus of the rabbit by slow perfusion of a protein-permeable thin tubing. After pulse labelling with radioactive amino acids via the tubing a rapid appearance of labelled proteins was seen in the extracellular fluid. The half-life of the proteins in the extracellular space varied between 15 min and 2 h. Protein fractions were separated with gel electrophoresis or HPLC. The extracellular fraction differed distinctly from intracellular proteins with respect to the labelling pattern. PMID- 3216412 TI - Spread of Trypanosoma brucei to the nervous system: early attack on circumventricular organs and sensory ganglia. AB - The distribution of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in the nervous system of experimentally infected Sprague-Dawley rats and BALB/c and deer mice was examined with immunohistochemical techniques. The trypanosomes showed an early invasion in areas lacking a so-called blood-brain or blood-nerve barrier, i.e., in sensory ganglia and circumventricular organs including the area postrema, pineal gland, and median eminence. This distribution of trypanosomes may relate to the origin of cardinal symptoms of the disease, e.g., sensory disturbances, nausea, disturbed circadian rhythm, and neuroendocrinological dysfunctions. Trypanosome infections in rodents may provide a model for studies of how an infectious agent or factors released by the immune response may relatively selectively interfere with these functionally defined regions of the nervous system. PMID- 3216413 TI - Protein synthesis by rat hippocampal slices maintained in vitro. AB - The present study evaluates protein synthesis in rat hippocampal slices maintained in vitro. Transverse slices of hippocampus were prepared from both adult rats and rat pups during postnatal development and incubated in a gassed (95% O2/5% CO2) balanced salt medium containing 5 nM 3H-leucine. The time course of 3H-leucine incorporation into TCA-precipitable protein was determined using slices removed from the media after 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 120 min of incubation. The pattern of 3H-amino acid incorporation was evaluated by fixing slices with paraformaldehyde, embedding the slices in plastic, and sectioning the slices end on and en face for autoradiographic analysis. Biochemical analysis of 300 and 400 micron slices revealed that incorporation of leucine into protein proceeds at a constant rate. The autoradiographic analysis revealed that in adult hippocampal slices of 300-600 micron thickness there was complete penetration of 3H-leucine with no indication of a gradient in the extent of incorporation throughout the slice. The pattern of grain density within 300-600 micron slices matches that previously reported after in vivo injections of radiolabeled amino acid, where grain density is highest over neuronal cell bodies and lower over the laminae that contain dendritic processes and axons (Phillips et al: Mol Brain Res 2:251-261, 1987). Hippocampal slices of 200, 800, and 1,000 micron thickness showed irregular labeling. Slices of 200 micron were filled with pyknotic nuclei and vacuoles and exhibited patchy labeling. In 800 micron slices there were isolated areas of good preservation within the slice core, but these areas exhibited little incorporation. Relative to the 300-600 micron slices, there was a higher number of pyknotic nuclei and a much deeper layer of necrosis along the cut edges. Slices of 1,000 micron thickness showed poor preservation throughout and low levels of incorporation. Biochemical studies revealed a much higher rate of incorporation in the slices prepared from postnatal animals. Autoradiography of the slices from developing rats revealed that penetration was excellent and incorporation appeared to be greater as judged by an overall higher grain density. We believe that rat hippocampal slices provide a good in vitro model of protein metabolism that will be useful for studies of protein synthesis in isolated cell body and dendritic laminae and for the evaluation of whether protein synthesis in particular laminae is regulated by synaptic activity. PMID- 3216414 TI - Changes in protein kinase C activities are correlated with the metaplastic transformation of Schwann cell precursors of avian embryos into melanocytes. AB - In previous work, we found that the phorbol ester drug 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) reverses the developmental restriction of melanogenesis that occurs early in neural crest development, causing Schwann cell precursors to undergo a metaplastic transformation into melanocytes. In this study, we examine whether these effects of TPA may be mediated by changes in endogenous levels of protein kinase C (PKC) activities. We report that low levels of PKC activity are correlated with this adventitious pigmentation in the crest-derived cells of dorsal root ganglia both during normal development and following TPA treatment in culture. These results suggest that regulation of endogenous levels of PKC plays a role in developmental decisions that neural crest cells make during early embryogenesis. PMID- 3216415 TI - Monoclonal antibodies made to chick mesencephalic neural crest cells and to ciliary ganglion neurons identify a common antigen on the neurons and a neural crest subpopulation. AB - We previously reported the production of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that identified cell surface components of cultured chick and quail ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons and of a subpopulation of neural crest (NC) cells from 31-hr chick embryos (stage 9). Here we demonstrate that another Mab, CG-14, which was prepared to nitrocellulose-immobilized, lightly fixed (0.125% paraformaldehyde) mesencephalic NC cells from 31-hr (stage 9) chick embryos, labels the same antigen(s) recognized by CG-1 and CG-4 on both the CG neurons and the subpopulation of NC cells. All three Mabs label a polypeptide of 75 kD on Western blots of one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gels. CG-14 blocked the binding of CG 1 and/or CG-4 to the 75 kD band on Western blots and blocked the binding of CG-1 and CG-4 to CG and NC cells. CG-1 and/or CG-4 antibodies, in turn, blocked the binding of CG-14 to Western blots, as well as NC and CG cells. We had previously shown that antibodies CG-1 and CG-4 were synergistically cytotoxic for the majority (95%) of cultured CG neurons in vitro in the presence of guinea pig complement. Here we show that the antibodies, which are both of the gamma 2a subclass, are also cytotoxic for the NC cells that they label in vitro. After the cells are ablated in culture, no other cells bearing the antigen(s) recognized by any of the three Mabs appear over a 2.5-week period. CG-14, however, is not cytotoxic for either the CG or NC cell populations alone or in combinations with CG-1 or CG-4. These results confirm our original observation that cultured CG neurons and NC cells share cell-surface antigen(s). The antigen recognized by all three Mabs appears to be the same whether the immunogen used to produce the antibodies was CG neurons or NC cells. This finding encourages us to continue tests of the hypothesis that the subpopulation of mesencephalic neural crest cells contributes to the formation of the ciliary ganglion in the embryo. Further characterization of the antigen appears in the accompanying paper. PMID- 3216416 TI - Antigen recognized by monoclonal antibodies to mesencephalic neural crest and to ciliary ganglion neurons is involved in the high affinity choline uptake mechanism in these cells. AB - High-affinity choline uptake mechanisms are among the characteristics of cholinergic neurons such as the ciliary and choroid subpopulations in the ciliary ganglion (Barald and Berg, 1979). We have produced three monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), two of which were made to 8-day embryonic chick ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons (CG-1, CG-4) (Barald, 1982) and one of which was made to cultured mesencephalic neural crest (NC) cells (CG-14) removed from the embryo 31 hr after incubation. We have shown that all three Mabs label a common 75 kD antigen present on the cell surface of both CG neurons and NC cells (Barald, 1988). Here we report that the CG-1 and CG-4 antibodies, used in the same ratios in which they are synergistically cytotoxic for both the CG and NC cells (Barald, 1988), and Mab CG-14 alone, have specific effects on the high-affinity choline uptake mechanism (HACU) of CG neurons and isolated antigen-positive NC cells in the absence of complement. CG-1 and CG-4 in ratios of 8/1 (the same ratios that are used to kill the CG and the NC subpopulation), but neither singly, inhibit the HACU of CG neurons by 40% and that of isolated antigen-positive NC cells by 75%. However, CG-14 alone, at 1 microgram/ml, inhibits the HACU of both CG neurons and isolated NC cells by 95%. None of the antibodies had an effect on numbers of ouabain binding sites (a measure of the Na+/K+ ATPase) or cell surface acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of CG neurons or NC cells isolated by "no-flow" fluorescence cytometry with a Meridian Instruments ACAS470 cytometer. CG or NC cells grown in the presence of the antibodies without complement grow and remain healthy for many weeks. They exhibit no difference in morphology, protein content, lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH), or division time from untreated sister cultures. Therefore, the antigen recognized by all three Mabs may be involved in a high-affinity choline uptake mechanism, a common characteristic of cholinergic neurons. The Mabs themselves may possibly label some element of the high-affinity transporter or a proximal membrane component. This implies that such a high-affinity uptake mechanism is present in the subpopulation of NC cells at early times in development. If these cells in fact are destined to contribute to the avian CG, these characteristics are present in the subpopulation before the NC cells take on a neuronal morphology. PMID- 3216417 TI - Migration-related changes in the cytoskeleton of cultured neural crest cells visualized by the monoclonal antibody I-5G9. AB - An epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody I-5G9 was expressed by all neural crest cells shortly after explantation into culture. At this time all neural crest cells actively migrated away from the neural tube. Immunoreactivity was localized intracellularly and organized into stress fiber-like filaments. Often, immunofluorescence was particularly high in short fibers in the lamellipodia of the leading edge of migrating cells. Two-week-old cultures had a diameter of 8-10 mm. At that stage a ring of immunoreactive cells was present at the periphery of each culture, an area where cells were still migratory. An inner concentric circle had reduced and more granular staining. In this area cells had ceased to migrate. In the center of the culture cells were multilayered, nonmigratory, and did not bind I-5G9. After creating a lesion in the nonreactive central region, some cells resumed migration into the lesioned area and reexpressed the epitope. I-5G9 staining and phalloidin fluorescence colocalized partially in some cells and completely in others. It is concluded that the epitope recognized by I-5G9 is expressed in a migration-dependent manner. The partial colocalization of I-5G9 and phalloidin fluorescence supports the notion that the epitope recognized by I-5G9 is specifically expressed in stress fibers of migratory cells, possibly in one of the actin-associated proteins or an F actin-associated protein complex. PMID- 3216418 TI - Gliogenesis in rat spinal cord: evidence for origin of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from radial precursors. AB - We have examined glial cell lineages during rat spinal cord development by using a variety of antibodies that react with immature and mature glia. Radial glia in embryonic cord bound 1) A2B5, an antibody that reacts with a glial precursor cell population in optic nerve; 2) AbR24, which is directed against GD3 ganglioside and binds to immature neuroectodermal cells and to developing oligodendrocytes in forebrain and cerebellum; and 3) an antibody to the intermediate filament, vimentin. With time, two different populations emerged, both of which seemed to be derivatives of radial cells. One cell type expressed the astrocyte intermediate filament, GFAP, in addition to vimentin. GFAP-containing cells eventually took on the forms of astrocytes in gray and white matter. The other type expressed carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme characteristic of oligodendrocytes and enriched in myelin. Carbonic anhydrase-positive cells eventually developed into small cells with oligodendrocyte morphology. Our observations suggest a common lineage for astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from radial cells during spinal cord gliogenesis. PMID- 3216419 TI - Growth and differentiation properties of O-2A progenitors purified from rat cerebral hemispheres. AB - We have used the monoclonal antibody A2B5 (which binds to subclasses of surface gangliosides) to select glial precursor cells from postnatal rat brain and compare their properties in culture with those of the bipotential O-2A progenitor cells of newborn optic nerve. Two methods, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and differential adhesion, resulted in greater than 90% enrichment in A2B5 positive bipolar cells and multipolar cells with short processes. These cells expressed vimentin and reacted with yet another antibody (NSP4), which binds to O 2A progenitor cells of optic nerve. The 2-10% of the remaining cells consisted of type 1 astrocytes and/or microglial cells. When maintained in defined medium for 3 days, 28-40% of A2B5-positive cells incorporated thymidine, while most other cells became differentiated into galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes. In the presence of 10% fetal calf serum for 3 days, over 50% of the cells developed a stellate phenotype and expressed GFAP, characteristic of type 2 astrocytes. This phenotypic plasticity of the A2B5 positive cells was also observed in clones derived from single cells grown on a layer of type 1 astrocytes. Thus, A2B5 positive cells from cerebrum are O-2A progenitors that can generate O-2A lineage cells. The effects of the two growth factors, insulin and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) (which is synthesized by type 1 astrocytes), were tested on cerebrum O-2A progenitors. PDGF induced a doubling of the percentage of A2B5 positive cells incorporating thymidine during a 20-hr pulse and a large increase (up to 40-fold) of the progenitor population over 3 days. The largest number of O 2A lineage cells was obtained when purified progenitors were grown in the presence of PDGF and insulin. Thus, A2B5-positive glial cells from cerebrum overall behave as the O-2A progenitors of optic nerve, but they more readily divide than differentiate, as if they were at an earlier stage along the O-2A lineage pathway. PMID- 3216420 TI - Establishment, characterization, and evolution of cultures enriched in type-2 astrocytes. AB - The aim of the present study was to prepare cultures enriched in type-2 astrocytes (AS) and to analyze some of the properties of these cells over relatively long culture periods. Cultures enriched in type-2 AS were obtained by subculturing, at low cell density and in the presence of fetal calf serum, a cell population containing numerous bipotential glial precursors. This cell population was detached mechanically from 2- to 3-week primary mixed glial cultures prepared from 1-day postnatal rat cerebral cortex. The cellular composition of the subcultures was analyzed immunocytochemically over a period of 3 weeks using various combinations of antibodies, recognizing a set of differentiated and a set of undifferentiated glial antigens (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], galactocerebroside, sulfatide, gangliosides binding the monoclonal antibodies A2B5 and LB1, fibronectin). Most LB1+, A2B5+ glial precursors differentiated into type-2 AS within a week. At this stage, type-2 AS accounted for more than 70% of cells in the cultures and exhibited the characteristic features previously described for these cells (stellate shape, GFAP, LB1 and A2B5 positivity, ability to accumulate [3H]GABA and to synthesize chondroitin sulfate, low proliferative activity). About one third of the type-2 AS also were recognized by O4 (antisulfatide) antibodies. The major contaminants were macrophages (10-15%) and fibroblastic cells (5-10%). In longer term cultures, type-2 AS tended to lose several of these features. Many acquired a flat, polygonal shape and lost LB1 positivity. The ability to accumulate [3H]GABA progressively decreased, as did the expression of chondroitin sulfate, although to a lesser degree. Although losing several of their properties, type-2 AS did not appear to acquire the properties of type-1 AS: their proliferative activity remained very low, and they did not express class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex upon stimulation with gamma-interferon. Some became positive for fibronectin. PMID- 3216421 TI - Insulin-like growth factor I promotes cell proliferation and oligodendroglial commitment in rat glial progenitor cells developing in vitro. AB - We investigated the mechanisms by which insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) acts to increase the number of oligodendrocytes that develop in cultures of cells explanted from perinatal rat cerebrum. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to isolate bipotential A2B5-positive oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cells, which were then inoculated as single cells into microculture wells containing feeder layers of X-irradiated type 1 astrocytes. Addition of 100 ng/ml IGF-I to the culture medium increased the growth rate and the ultimate size reached by the resulting clones during the 18-day experimental period. Moreover, 75-80% of the cells in the IGF-I-treated clones differentiated into galactocerebroside (GC)-positive oligodendrocytes, whereas only 25-30% became oligodendrocytes in the absence of IGF-I. IGF-I did not increase the number of type 2 astrocytes that developed in the clones. IGF-I appeared to have the greatest effect on growth and differentiation at a stage when the majority of the cells in the clones were at an intermediate stage of development, characterized by the expression of A2B5 and O4 glycolipid antigens but not GC. Analysis of the effects of IGF-I on O4-positive, GC-negative intermediate precursor cells revealed a two to fivefold increase in the number of cells that incorporated 3H thymidine into their DNA during a 5-h pulse. Moreover, IGF-I increased the number of cell sorter-purified O4-positive cells that developed into oligodendrocytes 4 8 days later. Therefore, IGF-I acts in two different ways to promote oligodendrocyte development: It promotes proliferation of precursor cells in the O-2A lineage, and it induces precursors to become committed to develop into oligodendrocytes. PMID- 3216422 TI - Simple method for the culture of glial cells from embryonic rat brain: implications for regional heterogeneity and the radial glial lineage. AB - A simple method is described for the production of glial cell cultures from specific regions of the day 13-15 embryonic rat brainstem and midbrain based on differential cell attachment to a relatively nonadhesive substrate, which inhibits the growth of neurons. Regional differences in the ability of specific populations of brainstem and midbrain cells to attach and spread on the substrate suggest that embryonic glial populations may differ in their cell surface properties even when they derive from the same general area of the developing brain. Based on observations of the spatiotemporal distribution of radial-like glial cells and astrocytes with time in vitro, we suggest that this culture system may prove useful for investigation of the radial glial lineage. PMID- 3216423 TI - Expression of 48-kilodalton intermediate filament-associated protein in differentiating and in mature astrocytes in various regions of the central nervous system. AB - In this paper we present evidence that the 48-kD intermediate filament-associated protein (IFAP) is expressed relatively late in maturation of astrocytes, after they have acquired the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In the astrocytes of white matter in the cerebellum the GFAP is detected at P3, whereas the 48-kD IFAP is detected only at P11. In the periventricular region and the hippocampus the 48-kD IFAP was detected at P6, long after the appearance of GFAP. In adult mice the 48-kD IFAP was observed in GFAP-positive astrocytes in the white matter of cerebellum, spinal cord, brainstem, and corpus callosum as well as in GFAP positive cells in the grey matter of cerebral cortex and spinal cord. The 48-kD IFAP was not, however, detected in radial glia and their derivatives, in Bergmann glia or in Muller glia. Thus, not all the GFAP-positive astroglia express the 48 kD IFAP. Similarly, 48-kD IFAP was not detected in cells which were GFAP negative. PMID- 3216424 TI - Interference reflection microscopic study of dorsal root growth cones on different substrates: assessment of growth cone-substrate contacts. AB - The contact between dorsal root growth cones and substrates of type IV collagen, fibronectin, poly-L-lysine, and laminin were studied using interference reflection microscopy (IRM) coupled with detaching growth cones from these substrates and observing substrate-associated membrane (SAM). IRM images of growth cones on collagen and fibronectin indicate substantial dark areas of close association between the substrate and basal region of the growth cone. The thin membranous veils and lamellapodia appear bright, indicating a greatly decreased association with the substrate. Filopodia can appear either entirely dark or light but usually are dark interspersed with brighter areas indicating varying degrees of contact. IRM images of growth cones on polylysine and laminin suggest a decreased association between the basal region of the growth cone and the substrate. The appearance of veils and lamellapodia was similar to that observed on collagen and fibronectin. Observations of SAM indicate an increased degree of contact between growth cones and substrates of collagen and fibronectin compared to laminin and polylysine. Collectively these data indicate that simple increases in adhesion are not adequate to explain substrate preference and enhancement of neurite elongation. Overall decreases in adhesion may accomplish the same phenomena, suggesting that it is perhaps more important to consider the regional distribution of adhesive contacts in relation to growth cone movement. PMID- 3216425 TI - Ability of developing epithelia to attract neurite outgrowth in culture is not correlated with the appearance of laminin. AB - Using a new technique for organ explants that facilitates the visualization of developing epithelia, we tested the abilities of salivary gland and lung rudiments to support de novo axonal outgrowth from the embryonic submandibular ganglion. We confirmed that salivary gland epithelia, but not lung epithelia, are able to support axonal outgrowth. This neurite outgrowth is also supported by salivary gland epithelia that have been lightly fixed with paraformaldehyde. When given a choice of both salivary gland and lung epithelia as a substrate for axonal outgrowth, the submandibular ganglion neurons showed an absolute preference for the salivary gland. Immunohistochemical localization of laminin was performed on whole mounts of developing epithelia after growing neurites were localized with a histochemical stain for esterase. Areas of lung epithelium devoid of any neurite outgrowth contained substantial immunoreactivity for laminin. In addition, Western blot analyses of extracts of embryonic lung and salivary gland indicate that the same amount of laminin or more is present on a per protein basis in the lung as in the salivary gland. An antiserum directed against laminin and a monoclonal antibody that blocks axonal regeneration on basal laminae in vitro (INO) were unable to block the outgrowth of axons over fixed epithelia. This suggests that molecules other than laminin are responsible for the preferential growth of axons over the salivary gland epithelia. PMID- 3216426 TI - Cell adhesion and neurite extension in response to two proteolytic fragments of laminin. AB - Studies from several laboratories have suggested that laminin contains at least two domains that selectively mediate cell type-specific behavior. In this study, two proteolytic fragments of laminin are evaluated for their ability to interact with three different populations of embryonic chicken cells. A 600 kDa thrombin fragment, derived from the central portion of the laminin molecule, supports attachment of dorsal root ganglion (DRG), spinal cord (SC), and heart cells. Neurons from both DRGs and SCs extend neurites in response to this fragment. Quantitatively, both cell adhesion and neurite extension on the 600 kDa fragment are comparable to these responses to intact laminin. A 440 kDa chymotrypsin fragment, derived from either intact laminin or the 600 kDa fragment, does not support equivalent responses. Fewer DRG cells attach to this fragment and neurites are shorter than on the 600 kDa fragment. Heart and SC cell attachment is also reduced in comparison with activity of the 600 kDa fragment, and SC neurites do not form on the 440 kDa fragment. These results suggest that there are at least two cell binding domains in the laminin molecule, one with which a variety of cell types can interact and another that may mediate more restricted cellular responses. The latter site appears to be relatively inactive for SC and heart cell adhesion but supports limited attachment and neurite extension by DRG neurons. PMID- 3216427 TI - Ontogeny of adrenergic fibers in rat spinal cord in relationship to adrenal preganglionic neurons. AB - Adrenergic neurons in the C1 cell group in the rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata contain epinephrine, as well as its biosynthetic enzyme, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT). These neurons send axons to regions of the central nervous system known to regulate autonomic function, including the sympathetic preganglionic nuclei of thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord. Previous studies have shown that PNMT is expressed in neurons located in the medulla oblongata on embryonic day 14; however, the development of the projections from these cells has not been studied. With the aid of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine levels of catecholamines and immunocytochemistry to demonstrate PNMT, the ontogeny of the adrenergic bulbospinal pathway in the embryonic, postnatal, and adult rat has been studied. In addition, the relationship between PNMT-immunoreactive (IR) fibers and retrogradely labeled sympathetic preganglionic neurons projecting to adrenal medulla are described. PNMT-IR fibers were first observed in the caudal medulla oblongata and lateral funiculus of spinal cord on gestational day 15(E15). On E16, PNMT-IR fibers in the thoracic spinal cord were observed in the intermediate gray matter at the level of the lateral horn. Epinephrine was measureable in spinal cord on E20. Both the density of PNMT-IR fibers and the levels of epinephrine increased to a maximum during the second postnatal week and then declined to adult levels. These observations suggest that a period of adrenergic hyperinnervation of spinal sympathetic nuclei occurs during the neonatal period. PNMT-IR terminals in spinal cord were observed, primarily, although not exclusively, in sympathetic nuclei of thoracic cord and parasympathetic nuclei of upper sacral cord. Adrenergic fibers in the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) and the central autonomic nucleus (CAN) dorsal to the central canal were particularly dense during the second postnatal week in both midthoracic and upper sacral segments. In the neonate, a "ladder-like" pattern of PNMT-IR fiber staining was observed which represented transverse fiber bundles connecting IML with CAN and extensive longitundinal fiber bundles along the border of the funiculus in IML. At all spinal levels, adrenergic fibers were also observed adjacent to the ependyma dorsal or lateral to the central canal. The relationship between adrenal preganglionic neurons and PNMT-IR fibers in IML was examined on postnatal days 4, 15, and 60. With retrograde labeling from adrenal medulla, it was demonstrated that PNMT-IR fibers are associated with adrenal preganglionic neurons throughout postnatal development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3216428 TI - Comparison of nerve growth factor's effects on development of septum, striatum, and nucleus basalis cholinergic neurons in vitro. AB - In the central nervous system, nerve growth factor (NGF) affects basal forebrain cholinergic neurons during early development and in the adult mammalian brain. These neurons are located in medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, and nucleus basalis of Meynert. While the effects of NGF on the development of septal cholinergic neurons are well documented, only little is known about the influence of NGF on development of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis. In addition to the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, there are cholinergic interneurons in the corpus striatum, which form an anatomically and functionally distinct population of cholinergic neurons. These striatal interneurons have been reported to respond to NGF during early development; however, it is not known whether the effects of NGF on their development are similar to those on septal cholinergic neurons. We prepared cultures of dissociated cells from fetal rat septum, striatum, and nucleus basalis and investigated the development of cholinergic neurons localized in these three different areas in the presence or absence of NGF. We now report that, first, cholinergic neurons of striatum and nucleus basalis develop a more extensive fiber network and contain more acetylcholinesterase (AChE) per neuron than do cholinergic neurons of septum. The amount of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) per cholinergic neuron is approximately the same in all three culture types when grown in the absence of NGF. Second, NGF treatment increases and anti-NGF treatment decreases the number of AChE-positive neurons in cultures of low plating density, suggesting that NGF is able to promote survival of cholinergic neurons of all three areas studied. Third, NGF increases the total length of fibers and the number of branching points of cholinergic neurons in septal cultures but not in cultures of striatum and nucleus basalis. Fourth, NGF treatment increases AChE activity in septal but not in nucleus basalis or striatal cultures, suggesting that AChE activity reflects the extent of the fiber network of cholinergic neurons of all areas. Fifth, NGF treatment produces severalfold elevations in ChAT activity in septal cultures and more modest increases in cultures of nucleus basalis and striatum, suggesting that NGF is able to stimulate ChAT activity also in the absence of a stimulatory effect on survival and fiber growth. Our results demonstrate that, during early development, NGF is able to affect survival and differentiation of all three populations of forebrain cholinergic neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3216429 TI - Development of cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons in vitro: comparison with cholinergic septal cells and response to nerve growth factor, ciliary neuronotrophic factor, and retinoic acid. AB - The well-documented role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the function of cholinergic neurons in the mammalian basal forebrain can be regarded as a paradigm for the action of trophic substances on CNS neurons. Although several growth factors have been identified in recent years, the specificities and importance of such factors for the development of the nervous system are still unknown. In the present study it has been tested whether NGF affects the group of pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons. This population, which has been described in detail only recently, is located more caudally than but resembles, in some aspects, the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. The cell bodies are located in the metencephalic pedunculopontine and dorsolateral tegmental nuclei. Similar to the forebrain cholinergic neurons, they are medium to large in size and ascend centrally with long axons. Projection areas are widespread throughout the mesencephalon and diencephalon. Dissociated pontine and septal cells of fetal rat brain (embryo ages E14 to E17) were grown in culture for 7 to 14 days in the presence or absence of NGF. Furthermore, a possible action of retinoic acid and ciliary neuronotrophic factor (CNTF) on cholinergic neurons of both the basal forebrain and the pontine area were tested. Differentiation of cultured cholinergic neurons was assessed by biochemical determination of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and by immunocytochemical staining for ChAT. NGF in concentrations of 1 to 1,000 ng/ml medium increased the number of immunostained cells and the staining intensity in ChAT immunocytochemistry and enhanced ChAT activity by at least 100% above control levels in septal cultures, thus confirming earlier results. In marked contrast, the same concentrations of NGF failed to influence ChAT activity or immunocytochemical staining in cultures of the pontine area. Retinoic acid (10(-8) M to 10(-5) M) and CNTF (0.2 and 2.0 ng/ml, corresponding to 1 and 10 trophic units, as defined in the ciliary ganglion cell assay) failed to enhance ChAT activity in either culture system and did not potentiate the NGF-mediated increase of ChAT activity in septal cultures. Our results, which indicate that pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons do not respond to NGF during development, are in line with those of NGF-receptor visualization studies that failed to demonstrate such receptors on cholinergic pontine cells in postnatal and adult rats. The findings further underline the specificity of NGF action in the central nervous system and, in particular, do not support the idea of transmitter-specific neurotrophic factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3216430 TI - A gradient molecule in developing rat retina: expression of 9-O-acetyl GD3 in relation to cell type, developmental age, and GD3 ganglioside. AB - In the embryonic and postnatal rat retina a cell surface antigen that is detected by monoclonal antibody JONES is distributed in a dorsoventral gradient. Biochemical analysis has determined that the antigen is a modified ganglioside, 9 O-acetyl GD3. In the present study, the distributions of 9-O-acetyl GD3 and its possible precursor GD3 in developing rat retina were compared immunocytochemically using specific monoclonal antibodies JONES and R24. On embryonic day 13 (E13) immunoreactivity to JONES was localized to central retina; however, R24 stained throughout the retinal epithelium. By E20, when JONES binding was distributed in a gradient along the dorsoventral axis, R24 again stained dorsal and ventral regions with uniform intensity. Analysis of freshly dissociated retinal cells further revealed that GD3 and 9-O-acetyl GD3 expressions do not necessarily coincide. At E15 and postnatal day 2 (PN2), the majority of cells (78 and 92%, respectively) were immunolabeled by antibody to GD3, while between E15 and PN2 the percentage of cells immunolabeled by antibody to 9-O-acetyl GD3 rose from 19 to 68%. By PN4, labeling decreased for both molecules; however, the rate of decline in 9-O-acetyl GD3 labeling was more pronounced. Regulation of the numbers of JONES-positive cells does not appear to depend on interaction with the extraretinal environment, for in neural retina explanted at E15 the proportions of 9-O-acetyl GD3-bearing cells was found to be similar to the percentage observed in neural retina developing to an equivalent age in vivo. Experiments to identify the retinal cell types bearing 9-O-acetyl GD3 revealed that it is expressed by both neurons and glia growing in monolayer cultures of rat perinatal neural retina. Examination of freshly dissociated retinal cells following simultaneous labeling for some specific cell types and 9 O-acetyl GD3 demonstrated that the latter determinant is present on photoreceptor, amacrine, and ganglion cells. For each neuronal cell type, however, not all of the cells were immunoreactive with JONES. We conclude that the differences in the percentages of JONES- and R24-positive cells, and in particular the different rates at which JONES and R24 staining declined with age, indicate that the expression of the JONES epitope is regulated with some independence from parent ganglioside GD3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3216431 TI - Projection-neurons that send axons through the lumbar spinal cord of the chick embryo are not obviously distributed in a segmentally repetitive pattern. AB - Earlier studies have shown that the formation of the segmentally repetitive pattern of spinal nerves in avian embryos depends upon the segmental arrangement of the somites and does not reflect an intrinsic pattern of the spinal cord. These studies could not, however, rule out the possibility that some elements of the central nervous system are intrinsically segmented. The question remained, for instance, whether projection-neurons are distributed in a segmentally repetitive pattern within the spinal cord. To address this question, horseradish peroxidase was injected into one or two segments of the lumbar spinal cord of chick embryos, thereby labeling projection-neurons that had ascending or descending axons passing through the injection site. In all stages examined, the number of labeled projection-neurons in the anterior and posterior halves of each segment did not differ significantly. In addition, segmentally repetitive peaks or troughs in the numbers of labeled projection-neurons were not detected in the center of each segment. Three subpopulations of projection-neurons, defined by their position along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord, were also not segmentally distributed by these criteria. While these results do not rule out the possibility that subpopulations of projection-neurons defined by dendritic morphology, functional class, or some other parameter are segmentally arranged or that there is a basic modular repetition of neural populations from segment to segment, they do show that projection-neurons as a class and subpopulations of these neurons defined by their dorsal-ventral position are not obviously distributed in a repetitive segmental pattern. PMID- 3216433 TI - Differentiating astroglia in nervous tissue histogenesis/regeneration: studies in a model system of regenerating peripheral nerve. AB - The role of astroglia in nervous system histogenesis/regeneration (morphogenesis) was studied as a function of cell age. The effect of inoculated astroglia at different cell maturation stages on axonal growth was examined in a peripheral nerve regenerating model system. This model system consists of rat sciatic nerve stumps that regenerate through an empty silicone chamber (Lundborg et al.: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 41:412-422, 1982). Rat astroglial cell populations grown in cell culture were suspended either in a liquid (physiological solution) or in a solid (isotonic collagen gel) medium and inoculated within the silicone chamber at the time of surgery. Immature and mature cell populations, at ages corresponding to 9-69 postnatal days (P9-P69), were inoculated, and their effect on neural growth was analyzed by histological, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural techniques, 2-6 weeks later. Astroglial cells differentially modulated the process of nerve regeneration, an effect that is a function of the cells' developmental stage. P19 astroglia and older cells inhibited the regeneration process, encapsulating the axons in a glia-limitans like structure. Immature astrocytes (P9) did not seem to interfere with the regeneration process; nerve outgrowth in their presence resembled and was comparable to the ones obtained in the presence of inoculated Schwann cells. The differential effects of the developing astroglia were not significantly changed by the inoculation media, e.g., liquid or solid, and were already pronounced 2 weeks after neural transection. It is suggested by the results of the study that the role and function of astroglia in nervous system morphogenesis are changing with cell differentiation. Adult astrocytes seem to downregulate axonal growth; presumably, their function is to confine the neurites within designated structural and functional boundaries. PMID- 3216432 TI - Role of neuron-target interactions in the development of a subpopulation of avian sensory neurons. AB - Subpopulations of sensory neurons appear in embryonic dorsal root ganglia during development. In this paper, we examine what role neuron-target interactions play in this process. Previous work has shown that alterations in the environment of developing sensory neurons regulate the proportion of neurons that express a cell surface antigen identified by the monoclonal antibody SN1 (Marusich et al.: Dev. Biol. 118: 505-510, 1986). We now report that neuron-target interactions may also act to stabilize the phenotype of sensory neurons. Thus, older SN1- neurons, which would normally remain SN1- if left undisturbed in vivo, can express SN1 immunoreactivity in vitro when they are deprived of contact with their normal peripheral targets. We also demonstrate that naive sensory neurons, i.e., those that have never made contact with peripheral targets, can be identified and maintained in culture. At least some of these naive neurons (all of which are initially SN1-) can express SN1 immunoreactivity in vitro, in the absence of contact with normal peripheral targets. We conclude that subpopulations of sensory neurons may arise from naive neurons in the absence of neuron-target interactions but that subsequent neuron-target interactions may act to stabilize or modulate subpopulation-specific phenotypes. PMID- 3216434 TI - Development of identified glia that ensheathe axons in Hirudo medicinalis. AB - Interaction between neurons and glia may contribute to the formation of characteristic nerve bundles formed by axon elongation along stereotypic pathways. This study reports the temporal and spatial distribution of identified ensheathing glia during embryonic development in the leech. The development of connective glia was followed 1) using an immunohistochemical probe (monoclonal antibody Lan3-13), which recognized connective glia, and 2) using electron microscopy. Embryonic glia were initially located in the medial region of the lateral connectives and contained intermediate filaments. Glia cells continued to develop throughout embryogenesis; the number and size of glial processes increased, and they ensheathed smaller bundles of axons. The glial cell recognized by Lan3-13 first appeared after axons had already begun to form the connectives. This suggests that these particular glial cells may not function in the initial guidance of axons along stereotypic pathways. However, another cell that contained small bundles of intermediate filaments and glycogen granules was present at early stages of connective formation. These cells may be undifferentiated or transient glia, which could contribute to the formation of characteristic nerve bundles. PMID- 3216435 TI - A normal human brain cell aggregate model for neurobiological studies. AB - A new in vitro model of normal human brain has been developed in which fetal human brain cells form three-dimensional aggregates that can be maintained for up to 60 days in culture. Cells appear fully differentiated at the time of initiation in culture; the predominant cells identified were astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes with myelin, with occasional ependymal cells and macrophages. The specific arrangement and numbers of neural cells within aggregates differed among brain specimens. Cell kinetics studies detected DNA synthesis throughout the culture interval. Aggregates cocultured with a human malignant glioma cell line (U251-MG) were progressively invaded by tumor cells. In aggregates infected with human cytomegalovirus (CMV), intracellular viral replication and morphologic changes characteristic of human brain infection with this pathogen were seen. This model of brain aggregates should prove valuable for multidisciplinary studies in human neurobiology, particularly in the fields of developmental neurobiology, neuro-oncogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and species specific viral infection of the central nervous system. PMID- 3216436 TI - Differential diagnosis of psychiatric comorbidity in substance abusers. AB - The differential diagnosis of psychiatric comorbidity in substance abusers is important in order to provide effective pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments for the comorbid psychiatric disorders. Differential diagnosis of an underlying psychiatric disorder depends on the type of drug abused and the phase of abuse, ranging from acute intoxication to withdrawal. This review derives guidelines for differential diagnosis based on multiple examples of interactions between major psychiatric disorders and various abused drugs. PMID- 3216437 TI - Recognition of intoxication by alcohol counselors. AB - Recent studies have found that police officers, bartenders, social drinkers, and trained interviewers are often unable to recognize when others are intoxicated. The present two studies were conducted to evaluate: (a) the recognition ability of alcohol counselors compared to mental health counselors, and (b) the recognition ability of less-experienced versus more-experienced alcohol counselors. Subjects viewed four videotapes of a 21-year-old male engaged in simulated counseling interviews after he was given drinks containing alcohol to achieve one of four target Blood Alcohol Level (BAL) goals: .00%, .05%, .10%, .15%. Results indicated that alcohol counselors were not uniformly more accurate than mental health therapists, nor were more-experienced alcohol counselors uniformly more accurate than less-experienced alcohol counselors at recognizing intoxication or estimating BAL. In addition, subjects generally underestimated the target's sober-intoxicated status and BAL when he was given alcohol, but almost every subject recognized that the target was at least moderately intoxicated when his BAL was .15%. PMID- 3216438 TI - Six-month treatment outcomes in socially stable alcoholics: abstinence rates. AB - A randomly selected sample of 181 socially stable patients were followed for a period of six months after leaving alcoholism treatment. Collateral verification of drinking status was used to validate patient self-reports. A follow-up rate of 94% was achieved. For all patients, a continuous abstention rate (no drinking at all for the entire six-month period) of 61% was achieved, while 72% of the located patients were currently abstinent at the time of followup. For alcoholics with no other drug problems, a 66% continuous abstention rate was achieved, and 77% were currently abstinent at followup. These results suggest that alcoholism treatment can be effective for samples of socially stable alcoholics treated with multimodal treatments in a specialized, freestanding, alcoholism treatment facility. PMID- 3216439 TI - Assessing the effectiveness of Malaysia's drug prevention education and rehabilitation programs. AB - The multifaceted drug prevention education and rehabilitation system of Malaysia appears to have contributed to the steady decrease of the number of identified drug abusers in the country. In this article, those components of the Malaysian system that would be most applicable to the American effort were examined. In the same manner, because the fastest growing minority group in the United States are Asian Americans, in which a significant proportion involve persons from Southeast Asia, those components in the Malaysian system that are applicable to Southeast Asian Americans were examined. PMID- 3216440 TI - A community-based support group for HIV positive i.v. drug abusers: the HERO program. AB - The I.V. drug abuser who has a history of non-compliance is perhaps the most difficult to reach among those at risk for contracting AIDS. This article details one approach being attempted at HERO, that of a community-based support group run by an indeginous worker where the emphasis is on support, education, and outreach to others. HERO's program is also highlighted. PMID- 3216441 TI - [Alterations of speech audiometry in presbycusis brought about by cochlear acoustic emissions]. AB - Click-evoked oto-acoustic emissions (EOEs) and speech audiometry were recorded in a group of normally hearing subjects (n = 56 ears), and a group of patients demonstrating sensorineural hearing loss due to presbycusis (n = 39 ears). Correlations were made between detection-threshold of EOEs, speech reception threshold (i.e., lowest hearing level at which the subject can repeat 50% of a message), and discrimination score (i.e., discrimination score determined 35 dB above the speech reception threshold). EOEs have never been observed when speech reception threshold was equal to or greater than 35 dB HL. EOEs were always found when speech reception threshold was equal to or lower than 25 dB HL. Moreover, the detection-threshold of EOEs increased when increasing speech reception threshold. On the other side, there was not a good correlation between the discrimination score and the detection-threshold of EOEs. Thus, complementary information on outer hair cell degenerative changes in presbycusis could be deduced from these data. PMID- 3216443 TI - Congenital dermoid cyst of the oral cavity with gastric choristoma. AB - A case of congenital dermoid cyst of the buccal floor occurring simultaneously with a gastric choristoma is reported. Only one other similar case could be found in our review of the literature. A tracheostomy was done to relieve airway obstruction. Complete excision was achieved through an intraoral approach. A quick review of the embryology of the floor of the mouth is presented as well as the classification and differential diagnosis of these lesions. PMID- 3216442 TI - Epidermal cyst attached to the chorda tympani nerve. AB - The incidental post-mortem finding of a small epidermal cyst in the middle ear of a 78-year-old female is presented. The epidermal cyst was attached to the chorda tympani nerve adjacent to the body of the incus, but was not associated with bony erosion or any other suggestion of enlargement or invasive growth. The pathological relationship of this lesion to previously reported "congenital cholesteatomas" of the middle ear is discussed. PMID- 3216444 TI - Thyroglossal duct cyst presenting as an anterior tongue fistula. AB - An unusual case of thyroglossal duct cyst occurring in the tongue base and fistulizing to the anterior tongue is presented. No previous descriptions have been found in the literature associating this embryological remnant with fistulization to the anterior tongue. The treatment was successfully accomplished through a combined transhyoid and intraoral approach. PMID- 3216445 TI - Recurrent noncardiogenic pulmonary edema secondary to obstruction by hemiepiglottic remnant. AB - Recurrent episodes of pulmonary edema developed in a 39-year-old man following removal of a squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral pharyngeal wall and adjacent base of the tongue. The sequence of events suggests that the supine position precipitated acute upper airway obstruction by the hemiepiglottis left at the time of surgery. Removal of the remnant resulted in disappearance of the paroxysmal pulmonary edema and renewed ability to lie flat. Although pulmonary edema secondary to upper airway obstruction is a recognized entity, to our knowledge this is the first time this complication is reported as a result of intermittent inspiratory obstruction following partial laryngeal resection. PMID- 3216446 TI - ENT abnormalities associated with Fraser syndrome: case report and literature review. AB - Fraser syndrome is an uncommon genetic disorder characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities. Newborns afflicted with this syndrome have abnormalities of the eyes, ears, nose, larynx, palate, extremities and urogenital system. A review of the literature shows a deficiency in the description of the ENT abnormalities. Most articles have appeared in the ophthalmologic literature with emphasis on the obvious ocular abnormalities. In this paper we will describe in detail, the ear, nose and throat abnormalities in a two-year-old child with Fraser syndrome. PMID- 3216447 TI - Experience with reconstructive surgery in 137 cases of head and neck cancer. AB - A retrospective analysis of 137 patients treated with reconstruction of defects following head and neck cancer surgery is presented. From 1976 through 1984, 151 regional flaps were used: 43 pectoralis myocutaneous, 29 deltopectoral, 19 forehead, 17 nasolabial, 14 combinations of the aforementioned and 15 other types. The minimum follow-up was two years. Of 62 patients (51 stage III and IV) operated as part of the primary treatment, 20 (32%) died due to relapse, of which 14 (23%) occurred within the region reconstructed. The corresponding figures for 64 patients receiving salvage surgery for recurrences were 53% and 39% respectively. Eleven patients had repair of wounds following surgery or irradiation. Major flap necrosis necessitating reoperation occurred in 11%. The average duration of hospitalization was 35 days. We feel that these results justify these resource-demanding operations. PMID- 3216448 TI - Intradermal nevus of the ear canal. AB - While intradermal nevi are common benign pigmented skin tumors, their occurrence within the external auditory canal is uncommon. The clinical and pathologic features of an intradermal nevus arising within the external auditory canal are presented, and the literature reviewed. PMID- 3216449 TI - Corneocyte architecture in the human external auditory canal. AB - Using skin dissected from the external auditory canals of fresh cadaveric temporal bones, the structure of the stratum corneum was investigated by the techniques of alkaline expansion of cryostat sections, silver staining of epidermal sheets, and scanning electron microscopy. Ordered epidermal column formation was observed in the stratum corneum from skin obtained from both the bony and cartilaginous portions of the canal. Occasionally, in areas of skin where the stratum corneum was considerably thickened, this vertical organization was lost, and the corneocytes randomly arranged. This orderly cellular architectural arrangement is a feature of the non-migratory skin of lower mammals, and has also been reported to occur in some areas of human skin. The functional relevance of this finding in the skin of the external canal is that the whole of the stratum corneum must migrate as one in order to preserve a regular vertical structure, suggesting that epidermal migration occurs in the deeper layers of the meatal epidermis. PMID- 3216450 TI - Intranasal sphenoethmoidectomy: 10-year experience and literature review. AB - We believe that complete intranasal sphenoethmoidectomy is the procedure of choice for massive nasal polyposis and polypoid sinusitis. The anatomy is complex, visualization with conventional matters is limited, and the potential complications can be severe. Nevertheless, with thorough underlying knowledge of the anatomy and proper training consisting of cadaver dissection and supervised surgery, a safe, effective technique can be mastered. Two hundred and thirty sphenoethmoidectomies done in 87 patients over the past 10 years are reviewed. The initial recurrence rate was 25%. There was a 3% incidence of serious complications. These results are comparable to those in the literature. While recognizing the potential complications of this difficult procedure, we believe that it can be performed safely and effectively by properly trained surgeons and that an effort should be made to extend proper instruction to otolaryngology residents. PMID- 3216451 TI - Caution on use of merthiolate in the ear. PMID- 3216452 TI - Digitalized auto-septoplasty. PMID- 3216453 TI - Persistent buccopharyngeal membrane. PMID- 3216455 TI - Invited comment: toxicity and regulatory approval. PMID- 3216454 TI - Invited comment: colonic infusions of short-chain fatty acids. PMID- 3216456 TI - The role of lipids in nutrition and disease. Proceedings of the 3rd A.S.P.E.N. Research Workshop. January 17-20, 1988, Las Vegas, Nevada. PMID- 3216457 TI - Invited comment: hypermetabolic states and organ failure. PMID- 3216458 TI - Invited comment: the importance of emulsion composition in evaluating different lipids in vivo. PMID- 3216459 TI - [Effects of autonomic agents and chemical mediators on ion transport by canine tracheal epithelium]. PMID- 3216460 TI - [A central mechanism augments ventilation of the dependent lung in the lateral decubitus position]. PMID- 3216461 TI - [Urinary catecholamine excretion during one-lung ventilation and two-lung ventilation]. PMID- 3216462 TI - [The effects of enflurane and isoflurane on the regional blood flow and arteriovenous shunt in various organs in dogs]. PMID- 3216463 TI - [Fentanyl reduces the inhibition of dorsal horn lamina V type neuronal activity induced by bradykinin injection into the femoral artery contralateral to the recording site]. PMID- 3216464 TI - [Plasma lidocaine concentrations during epidural anesthesia--a comparison between patients with normal liver functions and those with abnormal functions]. PMID- 3216465 TI - [Detection of CPK-linked IgA in serum of patient after general anesthesia]. PMID- 3216466 TI - [Evaluation of monitoring during lung lavage]. PMID- 3216467 TI - [Epidural anaesthesia for multiallergic pregnant patients]. PMID- 3216468 TI - [Induced hypotension for craniofacial surgery]. PMID- 3216469 TI - [Anesthetic managements of two patients with ventricular septal perforation following acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3216470 TI - [Continuous epidural infusion of morphine with a pump to obtain postoperative analgesia after upper abdominal surgery]. PMID- 3216471 TI - [A nationwide study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Japan]. AB - We described antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in 1985 and also a 6-year survey of changing patterns of their susceptibilities to ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ) and gentamicin (GM) from 1980 to 1985 in 103 hospitals. The MICs were determined by the standard method of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. Among 2,891 isolates in 1985, ratios of resistant strains to ABPC and GM were 24% and 29%, respectively, and those to CEZ and CMZ were 8% and 3%, respectively. Gradual increases in numbers of resistant strains to ABPC, CEZ and CMZ were observed until 1984 but a trend for decreases in numbers of resistant strains to the above 3 antibiotics was observed in 1985. A continuous rise in numbers of resistant strains to GM until 1985 was noted. Isolates from clinical materials such as pus, bile, and urine showed higher incidences of resistance to ABPC and GM than those from sputum, secreta and throat swab. Rates of resistant strains to CEZ were the highest in isolates from bile, pus, sputum and urine. Rates of resistant strains to CMZ were the highest in isolates from bile, and decreased in isolates from sputum, urine and pus in this order. Rates of resistant isolates from inpatients to the 4 antibiotics tested were greater than those from outpatients. PMID- 3216472 TI - [An analysis of incidents of Staphylococcus in Kashima Rosai Hospital (I)]. AB - Isolation patterns and drug susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were investigated in Kashima Rosai Hospital, a local hospital with 300 beds opened in June, 1981. Our investigation covered 218 Staphylococcus strains isolated from various clinical materials in the Clinical Laboratory during a one year period in 1985. These isolated strains comprised of 8 species of genus Staphylococcus with S. aureus and S. epidermidis together accounted for 93.6% of all the clinically isolated Staphylococci. S. aureus was depicted in materials obtained from outpatients at a higher frequency than S. epidermidis, while the opposite was the case in materials obtained from inpatients. When distribution of these organisms were classified depending on clinical materials from which they were isolated, outpatient sources from which S. aureus were isolated at high frequencies were otorrhea and pus, while inpatient sources with high incidents of S. aureus isolation were sputum and pus. With regards to S. epidermidis, urine and pus from outpatients as well as from inpatients yielded this organism at high frequencies. Isolation frequency ratios in this hospital of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. epidermidis (MRSE) were 8.6% and 30.*%, respectively. These resistant strains were found from a large spectrum of clinical materials. Thus, these strains seemed to have established themselves more or less firmly among bacterial population in the hospital, hence alerting us the risk of hospital infections in compromised hosts. As to the coagulase typing of MRSA, type IV was the most frequent from outpatient sources whereas type II was the most frequent from inpatient sources including a large variety of clinical materials. The coagulase typing has been and rapid than the phage typing. We confirmed these in our investigation. Among beta-lactam antibiotics we tested against MRSA, flomoxef was found to be superior to the others. Cephalothin and cefamandole proved to be highly active against MRSE. Minocycline and vancomycin showed good activities against MRSE as well as MRSA. PMID- 3216473 TI - [Studies on concentrations in body fluids of 16-membered ring macrolide antibiotics upon oral administration to healthy volunteers. Effects of their metabolites on bioassay values]. AB - Plasma and urinary antibiotic concentrations measured by 3 different bioassay methods were compared to each other in vitro, after oral administrations of rokitamycin (RKM) tablet, midecamycin acetate (MOM) tablet or josamycin (JM) tablet at a dose of a potency of 600 mg to each of nine healthy volunteers. Method I (RKM bioassay method) was an agar-well method using the agar medium described in the Minimum Requirements for Antibiotic Products of Japan (MRAPJ medium, pH 6.5), method II (MOM bioassay method) was an agar-well method using mycin-assay agar (pH 8.0) and method III (JM bioassay method) was an agar-well method using nutrient agar (pH 7.8). Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 was used as the test organism in all the assay method. With any of the bioassay methods tested, plasma concentrations of RKM were determined to be higher than those of MOM or JM. When the three different bioassay methods were compared, method II and III gave consistently higher values than method I for plasma concentrations of any of the drugs tested. These higher values obtained by method II and III appeared to be due to their inability to correctly assay potencies of metabolites of these antibiotics. Using in vitro assay method, potencies of metabolites were found to be estimated higher than they should when method II and III were used. Method I, on the other hand, determined relative potencies of these antibiotics and their metabolites correctly, reflecting differences in MIC values of original antibiotics and their metabolites. Method I, therefore, should be used as the method of preference to determine concentrations of these drugs in body fluids. PMID- 3216474 TI - [The enzymatic mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in methicillin-cephem-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - We investigated enzymatic mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in methicillin-cephem-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by elucidation of the structures of the enzymatic reaction products. According to the MIC data, MRSA, (46 strains) can be classified into 3 groups as follows. 1. Group I (35 strains) was highly resistant to gentamicin (GM) and tobramycin (TOB), and produced 2"-aminoglycosides phosphotransferase (APH (2"]. 2. Group II (8 strains) was sensitive to GM, but was highly resistant to TOB, and produced 4' aminoglycosides adenylyl-transferase (AAD (4']. 3. Group III (3 strains) was sensitive to GM and TOB, but was highly resistant to kanamycin, and produced 3' aminoglycosides phosphotransferase (APH (3']-III. Arbekacin (HBK) was the most stable antibiotic to all of the inactivating-enzymes produced by MRSA, and all MRSA were sensitive to HBK. PMID- 3216475 TI - [Antibacterial activity of gentamicin against clinical isolates in pediatrics]. AB - Antibacterial activity of gentamicin (GM), along with activities of other aminoglycosides and beta-lactams, was studied against clinical isolates collected from pediatric patients during a period of May 1986-April 1987. 1. GM-resistance was noted in 22% of Staphylococcus aureus, 6% of Proteus vulgaris, 8% of Morganella morganii, 40% of Providencia spp., 6% of Enterobacter spp., 14% of Serratia marcescens, and 14% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. No GM-resistance was observed with isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. 2. The antibacterial activity of GM against clinical isolates from pediatric patients was found to be comparable to its activity against clinical isolates from adults studied at the same time. 3. The majority of GM-resistant strains of S. aureus were MCRSA, and the GM-resistant strains of S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa were found also to be resistant to multiple drugs. 4. GM resistant strains were found at relatively high rates (14-22%) in S. aureus, S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa. These rates did not increase compared to the rates observed in the first half of the 1980's. 5. GM was considered to have poor antibacterial activity against genus Providencia. It is concluded from above results that GM still maintains effective antibacterial activity against many of causative organisms of infections in both adults and children. PMID- 3216476 TI - [Clinical and fundamental studies on intravenous drip infusion of gentamicin in the pediatric field. Pediatric study group of gentamicin]. AB - A multiclinic study of gentamicin (GM) given by intravenous drip infusion was carried out by the Gentamicin Pediatric Study Group. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Upon intravenous drip infusion of GM at a dose range of 2.0-2.5 mg/kg over a period of 0.5-1 hour, therapeutically effective serum concentrations of 4-12 micrograms/ml were obtained. These values are similar to reported values in previous studies using GM intramuscular injection. 2. High urinary concentrations were observed up to 6 hours after administration, and the urinary recovery rate was approximately 60%. 3. Of a total of 142 cases collected, 117 cases were evaluated. Efficacy rates by diseases were: 100% in pneumonia (30/30), 98.3% in urinary tract infections (59/60), and 92.3% in other infections (skin and soft tissue) (12/13), with an overall efficacy rate of 94.9% (including 77 "excellent" cases). 4. Bacteriological examinations showed high eradication rates with the use of GM; i.e., 80% with Staphylococcus aureus (8/10), 60% with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3/5), 100% with Haemophilus influenzae (7/7) and 97.8% with Escherichia coli (44/45), achieving an overall eradication rate of 92.4%. In mixed infections, the eradication rate was 85.7% (6/7). 5. No ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity or allergic reactions was observed. Abnormal laboratory findings observed were: GOT elevation in 3.1% of cases, GPT elevation in 3.9%, platelet increase in 1.5% and eosinophil increase in 0.8%, thus an overall rate of the appearance of abnormality was 5.6%. The above results indicate that an intravenous drip infusion of GM is a useful method for treating infections in pediatrics. PMID- 3216477 TI - [Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies of gentamicin in intravenous drip infusion to children]. AB - Eighteen children with urinary tract infection were treated with intravenous drip infusion of gentamicin (GM), and clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics were studied. Ages of the patients ranged from 2 months to 12 years. Doses of GM ranged 1.0 to 2.5 mg/kg every 8 to 12 hours, and treatment continued for 4 to 10 days. Among 18 patients treated, clinical results were excellent in 12, and good in 6. Values of BUN and creatinine remained within normal range in all patients during and after the GM treatment. One child had an eosinophilia. There were no cases that showed signs and symptoms of oto- and nephrotoxicity. Twenty eight time-serum level curves were studied in 16 patients during and after intravenous infusion of GM over 30 minutes. Doses were 1.0 mg/kg in 4, 1.9-2.0 mg/kg in 14, and 2.2-2.5 mg/kg in 10. Peak serum levels at 30 minutes after the start of infusion were 2.66-7.38 micrograms/ml (average 5.45 micrograms/ml) in cases receiving 1.0 mg/kg, 4.67-10.8 micrograms/ml (7.26 micrograms/ml) in 1.9-2.0 mg/kg, and 6.16-16.5 micrograms/ml (8.86 micrograms/ml) in 2.2-2.5 mg/kg. Elimination half-lives were 1.75-2.48 hours (average 2.10 hours) in cases with ages less than 1 year, 1.58-2.58 hours (2.01 hours) with 1 to 6 years, and 1.20 3.07 hours (1.66 hours) with 7 to 12 years who were given doses of 1.9-2.5 mg/kg. There were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between first and last administration in these patients, suggesting that no accumulation occurred with above mentioned doses. Urinary recovery of GM ranged from 21.9 to 99.2 percent (average 62.48%) within 6.5 hours after the initiation of drip infusion. PMID- 3216478 TI - [Penetration of cefmetazole and netilmicin into the cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - 1. Cefmetazole (CMZ) and netilmicin (NTL) were administered by one-shot intravenous and intramuscular injection, respectively, and measurements were made on their concentrations in the serum as well in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which was collected using a drainage tube inserted into the cisterna basalis after the operation of ruptured cerebral aneurysm. 2. Concentrations of CMZ and NTL in the CSF changed nearly in parallel to those in the serum. 3. A one-shot intravenous injection of these drugs seemed to achieve their high concentrations in the CSF, though high concentrations may not last very long. PMID- 3216479 TI - [A clinical experience of fosfomycin tablet on cystitis]. AB - Twenty-five adult female patients with acute cystitis were treated with 500 mg fosfomycin tablets, at a dose of 6 tablets per day for 7 days. The clinical effects were evaluated on the 3rd day, and the treatment was found effective in all the 18 patients evaluated. The cystitis recurred in 1 patient, one week after the treatment. As for the side effects, three patients complained gastric discomfort and/or diarrhea. PMID- 3216480 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a combination treatment with cefmenoxime and cefsulodin of severe infections in leukemia and related disorders]. AB - A combination of cefmenoxime (CMX) and cefsulodin (CFS) which has a broad spectrum on various bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated for severe infections associated with hematological malignancies. Seventy one patients were treated with the combination therapy. Among them, 57 patients were evaluable for the effectiveness. Fourteen patients were not evaluable because 10 patients were subjected to additional therapy such as gamma-globulin, interferon, radiation and pulse therapy of a large dose of methylprednisolone, 3 were prophylactically treated and the remaining one was a patient with disseminated bone marrow metastasis of prostatic cancer and not a patient with a hematologic malignancy. Excellent responses were obtained in 24 (42.1%) patients and good response in 12 (21.1%) patients, with a total rate of effectiveness of 63.2%. Three patients who were treated prophylactically and one patient who suffered from prostatic cancer with metastasis to bone marrow, were included in the final evaluation of side effects. Side effects were observed in only one patient (1/61, 1.6%). Mild neutropenia was identified in a patient of 78 years of age in 4 days after the combined regimen was started. Neutropenia disappeared soon after the cessation of the treatment. These results showed that a combination of CMX and CFS was an effective and safe regimen for the treatment of severe infections in patients with hematological disorders. PMID- 3216481 TI - [Use of ceftriaxone against parametritis after radical surgery for cancer of the uterine cervix]. AB - 1. The bacteria isolated from pelvic dead space drainage well reflect the characteristics of prophylactic drugs. As drugs advance from penicillin (PC) to tetracycline (TC) to the first, second and third generation cephems, detection rates for Gram-negative bacilli, mainly Escherichia coli, decrease remarkably, while those for Gram-positive cocci, mainly Enterococcus faecalis, increase. 2. The bacteria isolated from the drainage and those which later caused parametritis and purulent lymphocyst were closely related. It is therefore very important to identify bacteria present in the drainage. 3. Judging from changes occurred in blood levels of ceftriaxone (CTRX) and its effective transfer to the pelvic dead space when CTRX 2 g was administered once daily, this administration regimen is considered to control even parametritis and purulent lymphocyst satisfactorily. 4. CTRX 2 g was administered once daily for 5 consecutive days to each of 4 patients with parametritis, and it was observed that the general efficacy was good in 3 of the 4 cases. PMID- 3216482 TI - [In vitro synergy between cefotaxime and its main metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime]. AB - In vitro synergistic interaction between cefotaxime (CTX) and its main metabolite, desacetyl-cefotaxime (DCTX), against 7 species of clinical isolates (23-27 strains per species) was examined. Complete or partial synergy was noted with a 1:1 combination of CTX and DCTX against 22-78% of the Bacteroides fragilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas cepacia and Enterobacter cloacae isolates examined. Antagonistic effects of the drugs appeared against 11% of Proteus vulgaris and 4% of Serratia marcescens. When combined at various ratios by the checkerboard method and tested against B. fragilis, CTX and DCTX were found to act synergistically, and no antagonism occurred. The combined use of CTX and DCTX exhibited strong bactericidal activity against B. fragilis and inhibited bacterial regrowth. An experiment with concentrations of CTX and DCTX simulating human serum levels after intravenous administration also showed that the coexistence of DCTX augmented bactericidal activity of CTX against B. fragilis and brought inhibitory effects on bacterial regrowth. It is presumed from the present results that clinically applied CTX would have more potent effects than expected from in vitro sensitivity test data. PMID- 3216484 TI - [Genetic and biochemical studies on multiple antibiotic resistance of actinomycetes]. PMID- 3216483 TI - [Structural and biosynthetic studies of antibiotics by use of new technology in NMR spectrometry]. PMID- 3216485 TI - [UK-69,753, a new antibiotic related to efrotomycin and factumycin (A40A)]. PMID- 3216486 TI - [M119-a, a novel macrolide antibiotic]. PMID- 3216487 TI - [Chemical modification of 3' and 4' positions and antitumor activities of anthracyclines]. PMID- 3216488 TI - [Molecular cloning and structure of genes conferring curromycin resistance to curromycin producing organism]. PMID- 3216489 TI - [Structure of complestatin, a potent inhibitor of human complement]. PMID- 3216490 TI - [Determination of the serotypes of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) complexes of clinical isolates by immunological and biological methods]. PMID- 3216492 TI - [Improvement in anti-hemophilic preparations and its problems. 6. Function analysis of human plasma proteins passed through the microporous regenerated cellulose membrane (BMM) hollow fiber]. PMID- 3216491 TI - [Demonstration of new K-antigens in strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from patients with traveller's diarrhea]. PMID- 3216493 TI - [Antilymphocyte globulin treatment in children with aplastic anemia]. PMID- 3216494 TI - [In vitro erythropoietin bioassay based on 3H-thymidine incorporation into spleen cells from phenylhydrazine-treated mice]. PMID- 3216495 TI - [THP-COP, BHAC-VMP alternating chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 3216496 TI - [Effect of combination chemotherapy with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum on relapsed or therapy-resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 3216497 TI - [Cyclic thrombocytopenia treated by high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin with a favorable response]. PMID- 3216498 TI - [Secondary myelodysplastic syndrome with monosomy 7]. PMID- 3216499 TI - [Five cases of adult T-cell leukemia complicated by other malignancies]. PMID- 3216500 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of malignant lymphoma with pericardial infiltration]. PMID- 3216501 TI - [Autoimmune neutropenia in an infant due to anti-NA1 antibody]. PMID- 3216503 TI - [Myelodysplastic syndrome showing translocation (1 ; 7) and translocation (3 ; 3)]. PMID- 3216502 TI - [Chronic neutrophilic leukemia with 7q- and the responses of CFU-GM]. PMID- 3216504 TI - [AIDS with fever, giant splenomegaly and severe pancytopenia]. PMID- 3216505 TI - [Studies of five cases of lowered eosinophil peroxidase activity found an automated hematology analyzer (Technicon H6000 system)]. PMID- 3216506 TI - [Differentiating effect of the oral administration of vitamin D and vitamin A in acute myelocytic leukemia after BHAC-DMP therapy]. PMID- 3216507 TI - [Combined antibiotic therapy of infections in patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 3216508 TI - [Therapeutic results of acute leukemia with hyperleukocytosis in children--the effect of exchange transfusion for induction therapy]. PMID- 3216509 TI - [A comparative study of ABEP and ACOPE in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma CS IV]. PMID- 3216510 TI - ["A-Triple-V" treatment of relapsed or refractory acute leukemia]. PMID- 3216512 TI - [Effect of continuous subcutaneous infusion of deferoxamine in a boy with congenital hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 3216511 TI - [Cytogenetic studies on acute myelomonocytic and monocytic leukemias (M4, M5)]. PMID- 3216513 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia discovered with cardiac tamponade]. PMID- 3216514 TI - [Chediak-Higashi syndrome in an adult female]. PMID- 3216515 TI - [Secondary myelofibrosis probably due to prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 3216516 TI - [L-asparaginase therapy against hybrid leukemia: a case report]. PMID- 3216518 TI - [Adult T-cell leukemia with giant cell transformation of leukemic cells in ascites]. PMID- 3216517 TI - [Double neoplasms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and thyroid cancer associated with sicca syndrome: a case report]. PMID- 3216519 TI - [Successful treatment of an adult T-cell leukemia with alpha-interferon]. PMID- 3216520 TI - [Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in the central nervous system involvement of adult T-cell leukemia]. PMID- 3216521 TI - [Presence of Gaucher-like cells in a case of Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia with lymphoid-myeloid crisis]. PMID- 3216522 TI - [Emperipolesis by megakaryocytes in RAEB in T (refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation)]. PMID- 3216523 TI - [Intestinal perforation during remission course of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3216524 TI - [5 cases of hemophilia with intracranial hemorrhage]. PMID- 3216525 TI - [A case with SLE showing acquired low plasma F.XIII level followed by severe hematoma characteristic of F.XIII deficiency]. PMID- 3216526 TI - [Radioimmunoscintigraphy]. PMID- 3216527 TI - [RI studies of the gastrointestinal tract--the malabsorption test]. PMID- 3216528 TI - [Radiation therapy of hypopharyngeal carcinoma with special reference to nodal control]. PMID- 3216529 TI - [Radiological findings on the chest roentgenogram after reconstructive surgery in head and neck cancer with the pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap]. PMID- 3216530 TI - [Right gastric arterial embolization in avoidance of gastric toxicity by hepatic infusion chemotherapy]. PMID- 3216531 TI - [Very low extension of the anterior segment of the right upper lobe and its diagnostic significance]. PMID- 3216532 TI - [Radiological evaluation of a retrocaval ureter]. PMID- 3216533 TI - [Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in gynecologic abnormalities]. PMID- 3216534 TI - [Abnormal lymph flow in breast cancer--lymph node scintigraphy]. PMID- 3216535 TI - [Chondroma of the temporal bone--two cases]. PMID- 3216536 TI - [A case of calcified metastatic brain tumors in breast cancer associated with meningioma]. PMID- 3216537 TI - [A case of mediastinal hemangioma]. PMID- 3216538 TI - [A radiologic technic for the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3216539 TI - [Analysis of the electrically evoked response of the visual system under different adaptation]. PMID- 3216540 TI - [Measurement of aortic compliance in living dogs utilizing the changes in transthoracic electrical impedance with an induced change in volume of the aorta]. PMID- 3216541 TI - [A method for improving the accuracy of IEMG]. PMID- 3216542 TI - [Characteristics of the vibration modes and the contact compliances of a soft material measured with a newly developed piezoelectric vibrometer]. PMID- 3216543 TI - [Computer simulation of serum leakage from EPTFE vascular prosthesis]. PMID- 3216544 TI - [ECG inverse solution method with an automatic search algorithm for optimal expansion points]. PMID- 3216545 TI - [Chaos in brain and neurons and an analysis on the fractal dimensions]. PMID- 3216547 TI - Renal lesions of the senescence accelerated mouse (SAM), with special emphasis on senility. PMID- 3216546 TI - [Linear identification of a combined system of an iso-power controlled bicycle ergometer and a human]. PMID- 3216548 TI - Senile renal amyloidosis in the senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). PMID- 3216549 TI - Clinical study of renal angiomyolipoma. PMID- 3216550 TI - Recurrence of Henoch Schoenlein purpura nephritis associated with tuberculous pleuritis. PMID- 3216551 TI - Oral protein loading tests in patients with renal impairment. PMID- 3216552 TI - Intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes of healthy male subjects. PMID- 3216553 TI - Potentiation of furosemide by hydrochlorothiazide in chronic renal failure patients. PMID- 3216554 TI - Therapeutic effect of cyclosporin A and steroid on serum sickness type nephritis in the rat. 1. Suppression of the antibody response and induction of glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3216555 TI - Rapid conversion from aluminium bone disease to hyperparathyroid bone disease by desferrioxamine. PMID- 3216556 TI - Effect of corticosteroids on renal function in progressive IgA nephropathy--long term follow-up study. PMID- 3216558 TI - [Transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUL) for outpatients]. PMID- 3216557 TI - Possible therapeutic application of low density lipoprotein apheresis (LDL-A) in conjunction with double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) in drug-resistant nephrotic syndrome due to focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS). PMID- 3216559 TI - [Flexible cystoscopy. Diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3216560 TI - [Paraplegia caused by metastatic testicular tumor]. PMID- 3216561 TI - [Clinical experience of extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy (EPL)]. PMID- 3216562 TI - [Denervation supersensitivity of the rabbit urinary bladder. Response to calcium, acetylcholine, prostaglandin and serotonin]. PMID- 3216563 TI - [Cell cycle kinetics of human bladder tumor in situ measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)]. PMID- 3216565 TI - [The effect of complete Freund adjuvant on the development of bladder tumor induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine]. PMID- 3216564 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of renal cell carcinoma by anti neuron specific enolase (NSE) antibody]. PMID- 3216566 TI - [Clinical assessment for superficial bladder tumors treated by transurethral resection (TUR)]. PMID- 3216567 TI - [Clinical significance of the presence of squamous cell carcinoma in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 3216568 TI - [Severely contracted bladder following intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy]. PMID- 3216569 TI - RBRV = (TW) (1 + RPC) (1 + AST) PMID- 3216570 TI - Child abuse: a case presentation. PMID- 3216571 TI - Nursing theory: an eclectic approach in baccalaureate education. PMID- 3216572 TI - Toward a theoretical model for clinical nursing practice at Menningers. PMID- 3216573 TI - The application of the self-care concept of nursing in the Wichita State University baccalaureate nursing program. PMID- 3216574 TI - [Ototoxicity of neomycin]. PMID- 3216575 TI - [Myringoplasty in childhood]. PMID- 3216576 TI - [A case of pyonephrosis spontaneously rupturing into the lumbar area and duodenum]. PMID- 3216577 TI - [The functional effects of weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients operated on under ECC]. PMID- 3216578 TI - [A method for the surgical treatment of stomach ulcer]. PMID- 3216579 TI - [Changes in the parameters of respiratory mechanics under various ventilation regimens]. PMID- 3216580 TI - [Resuscitation of newborn infants with peritonitis]. PMID- 3216581 TI - [Resuscitation in acute traumatic pancreatitis in childhood]. PMID- 3216582 TI - [Changes in systemic and pulmonary circulation during thiopental induction of anesthesia]. PMID- 3216583 TI - [Transpulmonary sequestration following extracorporeal circulation in children with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 3216584 TI - [Possibilities for dynamic follow-up of hemodynamics during thoracic operations]. PMID- 3216586 TI - [The achievements of Soviet surgery and its influence on Bulgarian surgery]. PMID- 3216585 TI - [Anesthesiologic problems in the surgical treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3216587 TI - [Surgical treatment of postoperative insufficiency of Vater's papilla]. PMID- 3216588 TI - [A new stage in endoscopic polypectomy]. PMID- 3216589 TI - [Treatment of various early complications after the surgical treatment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 3216590 TI - [Intrascleral anteposition of the shortened muscle]. PMID- 3216591 TI - [Development of the orbit in children after removal of the eyeball and the use of a modified Bangerter implant]. PMID- 3216592 TI - [Developmental anomalies of the lacrimal apparatus]. PMID- 3216594 TI - [Ultrasonic therapy in ophthalmology]. PMID- 3216593 TI - [Isolated perforation of the orbital fundus by a fragment of tree branch wedged into the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3216595 TI - [Angioarchitecture of the choroid. V. Peripheral choroid. The vortex veins]. PMID- 3216596 TI - [Status of the retina and choroid of albino rats in acute experimental CC14 poisoning]. PMID- 3216597 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase in the subretinal fluid]. PMID- 3216598 TI - [Treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3216599 TI - [100 operations of implantation of artificial lenses to the posterior chamber]. PMID- 3216600 TI - A metastatic adenocarcinoma of lung simulating humeral head osteonecrosis. PMID- 3216601 TI - Vertebral compression fracture following segmental spinal instrumentation. PMID- 3216602 TI - Regulation of calbindin-D28K in chicks: effects of vitamin D and glucocorticoid administration. PMID- 3216603 TI - Experimental acute pancreatitis induced by excessive doses of caerulein in rats; protective and therapeutic effects of trypsin inhibitor urinastatin and CCK receptor antagonist CR1392. PMID- 3216604 TI - Protein loading test for assessing renal functional reserve. PMID- 3216605 TI - Relationship between diabetic complications and advanced-stage products of the Maillard reaction. PMID- 3216606 TI - [Expression promotes the childrens' development. The discovery of identity]. PMID- 3216607 TI - [Nursing practices and human rights. Be responsible for your actions!]. PMID- 3216608 TI - [Wallis: a new agreement with the Wallis Federation of Health insurances. Disappointment of the independent nurses]. PMID- 3216609 TI - [Through grief to life]. PMID- 3216610 TI - [Professionalism in nursing in the home]. PMID- 3216611 TI - [The role of community nurses: to be a guest, and not a host!]. PMID- 3216612 TI - [The future of nursing in the care outside the hospital]. PMID- 3216613 TI - [Coordination of all those connected with Spitex]. PMID- 3216614 TI - [20 years of teaching public health nursing at the Lindenhof in Berne. Combining the proven with the future-directed]. PMID- 3216615 TI - [Emphasis on basic education]. PMID- 3216616 TI - [Community nursing is a happy task]. PMID- 3216617 TI - [The new assistant director of the nursing school introduces herself: to have control over events]. PMID- 3216618 TI - [Almost like home...]. PMID- 3216619 TI - [Images of man...]. PMID- 3216621 TI - [Our way to deal with AIDS and HIV-infected patients at the department of infectious diseases]. PMID- 3216620 TI - [Personal requirements of nursing personnel]. PMID- 3216622 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of tachycardic arrhythmias]. PMID- 3216623 TI - [Pacemaker-electrocardiography]. PMID- 3216624 TI - [Etiology, clinical aspects and therapy of cardiac syncopes]. PMID- 3216625 TI - [Acute leukemia in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3216627 TI - Teacher needs assessment for the educational management of children with chronic illnesses. AB - Three hundred forty-one North Carolina public school teachers were surveyed to determine frequency of teacher contacts with children with chronic health conditions and teachers' needs related to educational management of these children. More than 76% of respondents had taught children with chronic health conditions sometime during their career; 38% reported they had academic coursework related to chronic health conditions, and only 7% indicated their certification requirements were adequate. Parents were identified as the most important source of information about a child's health condition, while in-school resources were reported to be less available and often less helpful. Teachers identified several critical issues in educational management of children with teacher knowledge and preparation about health conditions as the most important concern. Findings indicate a need for more teacher preparation and improved resources for teachers. PMID- 3216626 TI - Education for healthy body weight: helping adolescents balance the cultural pressure for thinness. AB - Though education for healthy body weight traditionally has focused on obesity, the increased incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia among young women suggests education also is needed to address the opposite end of the spectrum. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are complex and multidimensional disorders associated with individual, family, and sociocultural factors. This article examines the cultural pressure for dieting and thinness currently experienced in America and its impact as a possible predisposing factor for developing eating disorders among adolescent females. Literature is reviewed related to the changing American standard of attractiveness for females reflected by 20th century mass media and its subsequent influence on adolescent concerns for dieting and thinness. Preventive strategies are recommended to help adolescents balance the cultural pressure for thinness and their own desires for attractiveness within the larger context of overall good health. PMID- 3216628 TI - Tobacco-free schools in Minnesota. AB - Since 1985, Minnesota schools have participated in an intensive, statewide effort to reduce tobacco use among adolescents through a variety of prevention efforts. This article describes the "Tobacco-Free Schools" project, one component of the effort that encourages school districts to adopt policies which prohibit tobacco use for students, staff, and visitors. Tobacco-free policies contribute to comfortable, healthy working and learning environments for students and staff. In addition, tobacco use prevention education is more likely to be effective when health education programs, adult models, and school policies offer the consistent message that tobacco use is unhealthy and unacceptable. From January 1987 to January 1988, the percentage of tobacco-free school districts in Minnesota increased from 3% to 43%, demonstrating that tobacco-free policies can have mass appeal to local schools and communities. PMID- 3216629 TI - New videos address AIDS. PMID- 3216630 TI - Cross-cultural health education: a pedagogical challenge. AB - Multicultural education is a necessary ingredient for promoting cultural diversity in the U.S. educational system. School health curricula should incorporate instruction about health problems among ethnic minorities. If we are to educate youth for what we want the future of society to be, educators must encourage and promote diversity. In school health curricula, diversity is critical to adequately promote health for all. PMID- 3216631 TI - Health behavior and beliefs of students in traditional and health-oriented high schools. AB - Based in part on the national health objectives, a survey of health behavior and beliefs was administered to ninth and 12th grade students at a traditional and a health-oriented high school. Responses indicated a high level of awareness among both groups for the importance of widely acknowledged health practices, but the health-oriented high school students consistently rated the behaviors and beliefs as "more important" than their counterparts. Both groups, however, indicated the practice of beliefs and behavior was yet to be fully realized. These findings suggest the need for continued effort to encourage behavioral practices consistent with the knowledge already present in this school-age population. PMID- 3216632 TI - The Arkansas Family Life Education Project: the training component. PMID- 3216634 TI - Alpha-thalassaemia and its diagnosis. PMID- 3216633 TI - The High Blood Pressure and You Education Program. PMID- 3216635 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia using globin chain biosynthesis. PMID- 3216636 TI - Normal developmental pattern of preschool Malaysian children. PMID- 3216637 TI - Results of screening for cardiac diseases among school children in Singapore. PMID- 3216638 TI - A 10 year study of neonatal congenital heart deaths in Toa Payoh Hospital (1978 1987). PMID- 3216639 TI - Roberts syndrome. PMID- 3216640 TI - IGM nephropathy in childhood--is it a distinct entity? PMID- 3216641 TI - Challenges in child health. PMID- 3216642 TI - Experience-dependent recovery of block design performance in male alcoholics: strategy training versus unstructured practice. AB - Neuropsychological functioning in alcoholics has been known to improve with length of abstinence. However, recovery in some areas is limited in the absence of specific cognitive stimulation. In order to better identify the factor(s) responsible for experience-dependent recovery in alcoholics, the current investigation compared a strategy training approach to the unstructured practice approach used in previous studies. Results showed that both treatments improved Block Design performance in abstinent male alcoholics to levels comparable to nonalcoholic controls, while unremediated alcoholics remained significantly impaired. Unstructured practice was sufficient to improve Block Design performance, with no additional advantage evident in alcoholics receiving strategy training. Hence, forced use of cognitive skills appears to be the important factor in experience-dependent recovery. PMID- 3216643 TI - Changes in depression among abstinent alcoholics. AB - The rate and pattern of change in depressive symptoms among male primary alcoholics (no preexisting major psychiatric disorder) were studied throughout inpatient treatment for alcoholism. A sample of 191 alcoholics was interviewed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale within 48 hours of admission and again at each of the 4 weeks of treatment. Results indicate that 42% of alcoholics have clinically significant levels of depression (Hamilton greater than or equal to 20) at intake but only 6% remain clinically depressed at Week 4. Depressive symptoms of alcoholics abate quickly with the largest reduction in scores at Week 2. Mood related symptoms constitute the largest portion of presenting depression and abate most rapidly. Vegetative symptoms remain the most prevalent type of depressive symptom at discharge. Results suggest that antidepressant medication should not be considered prior to 4 weeks of abstinence. PMID- 3216644 TI - Adult inpatient alcoholics: physical exercise as a treatment intervention. AB - This study examined the usefulness of physical exercise as a treatment intervention to decrease depression and anxiety in adult inpatient alcoholics while increasing aerobic capacity and self-concept. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, the Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Astrand-Rhyming bicycle-ergometer were administered to a treatment and a control group on admission to and again at discharge from a 28-day inpatient treatment program. Control group data were gathered prior to initiating the exercise program. The exercise program consisted of walking or jogging 3 days a week and was designed to meet the American College of Sports Medicine's minimum requirements for a graded exercise program. Results indicated that there were significant differences on posttest scores between the control and exercise groups on state anxiety, trait anxiety and depression, but not on self-concept or aerobic capacity. The usefulness of physical exercise as a treatment intervention as well as the implication for research are discussed. PMID- 3216645 TI - The children of alcoholics life-events schedule: a stress scale for children of alcohol-abusing parents. AB - Children of alcoholic parents have been shown to be at risk for the development of mental health problems. However, there is little empirical research that would allow one to determine which of these children are most at risk. Hypothesizing that the amount of parental drinking-related stress a child experiences may be a factor that discriminates those children of alcoholics who are most at risk from others, the Children of Alcoholics Life-Events Schedule (COALES) was developed. Using samples of high-school students, the COALES was found to have satisfactory test-retest reliability, internal-consistency reliability and construct and concurrent validity. Children who self-identified as having an alcoholic parent reported higher levels of negative events and lower levels of positive events than did their peers from nonalcoholic homes. Scores on the positive- and negative-event subscales were significantly correlated with the children's scores on measures of anxiety and depression. PMID- 3216646 TI - Acute alcohol intoxication in socially drinking female and male offspring of alcoholic fathers. AB - Alcohol pharmacokinetics, mood-state alterations and psychomotor performance were investigated in women and men at risk for developing alcoholism. Estimated body water was used to calculate the alcohol dose in an effort to eliminate differences in alcohol pharmacokinetics between women and men due to differences in body composition. Differences were not detected between women and men or family history groups (family history positive, FH +, and family history negative, FH-) on absorption time, peak blood alcohol level (BAL), elimination time, or area under the blood alcohol curve (AUC). FH + men reported no central stimulant effects at peak BAL on the Sensation Scale, whereas FH- men and women all reported central stimulant effects. Further, FH + men reported a decrease in anxiety after the ingestion of alcohol. Acute intoxication did not affect performance in the FH + group on a finger-tapping task. In the FH - group, the dominant hand was significantly impaired during the ascending limb of the blood alcohol curve and recovered during the descending limb. Differences between family history groups or sex were not detected on a grooved-pegboard task. Results indicated that FH + men may experience alcohol differently from the FH - group and FH + women. FH + women also showed different reactions to acute alcohol than the FH - group. However, these differences were not as consistent across tasks. PMID- 3216648 TI - Predictors of recidivism in DUIIs. AB - The prior driving records of 397 drivers arrested for drinking and driving in the year 1983 were examined with the purpose of comparing biographical factors and variables relating to driving history and arrest circumstance between recidivist and nonrecidivist drinking drivers. Of these drivers, 174 (44%) had more than one arrest within a 12-year study period, while 223 (56%) had only one. Significant differences were found among drivers with different numbers of drinking and driving offenses. Drivers with one or two DUII arrests had more non-moving traffic violations than drivers with three or more DUII arrests. Drinking and driving offenders with higher levels of arrests were more likely to be unemployed, to have a past criminal record, to be arrested for drinking and driving on a weekday during afternoon and early evening hours, to drive with a suspended or revoked license and to refuse a blood alcohol level determination test. In this study DUII offenders with four or more arrests fit the descriptive model of alcoholism. PMID- 3216647 TI - Suicide attempts and alcoholism. AB - This study examined the association among suicide attempts, parental alcoholism, psychopathology and drinking history in a sample of hospitalized alcoholics. Suicide attempters were found to have multiple psychiatric diagnoses (e.g., depression, antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse) and more severe psychiatric symptoms than nonattempters. Alcoholic suicide attempters also tended to have a parental history of alcoholism and began abusing alcohol at an early age. Alcohol abuse symptoms during the month before, and 6 months before, the current hospitalization were generally similar for suicide attempters and nonattempters. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 3216649 TI - Analogue measurement of alcohol consumption: effects for task type and correspondence with self-report measurement. AB - Properties of a widely used measure of analogue alcohol consumption, the taste rating task, were investigated. It was predicted and found that the taste-rating task led to more frequent sipping, smaller sip volume and a steeper decline in sipping across the 15 min drinking period than a procedurally similar tavern evaluation task. These data demonstrate that the taste-rating task conveys implicit "how to drink" demands that seem to alter natural drinking topography. Examination of the correspondence between self-report and analogue consumption revealed that preexperimental estimates of typical drinking were significant yet modest predictors of analogue consumption. Moreover, postexperimental estimates of analogue consumption revealed that subjects accurately self-reported laboratory drinking, with taste-rating subjects showing more accuracy. Limitations of taste-rating methodology and directions for further investigation of analogue consumption measures are discussed. PMID- 3216650 TI - Employer-sponsored insurance coverage for alcoholism and drug-abuse treatments. AB - This article examines the growth in employer-sponsored health insurance coverage for alcoholism and drug-abuse treatments. Data are drawn from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Employee Benefit Surveys of 1981, 1983 and 1985. The surveys provide information on approximately 20.5 million full-time permanent employees in 43,000 establishments each year. The data are nationally representative. In 1985, 68.5% of employees with medical insurance had coverage for alcoholism treatments and 61.6% had coverage for drug-abuse treatments. Alcoholism coverage increased 89% from 1981 to 1985. The increases were reflected across all regions, firm sizes and occupational groups. Self-insured firms, exempt from mandated coverage laws, had the greatest increase in coverage. HMOs appear to have reduced coverage since 1981. Finally, substance abuse coverages did not appear to be discretionary and, therefore, were unlikely to be eliminated if tax laws on fringe benefits were changed. PMID- 3216651 TI - Acculturation and drinking among people of Mexican descent in Mexico and the United States. AB - This article studies the relationships between acculturation and drinking and alcohol-related problems among people of Mexican descent in Mexico and the United States. Subjects in the United States were part of a national probability sample of the Hispanic household population 18 years of age and older. Subjects in Mexico were randomly selected from among adult residents of the city of Morelia and an adjoining rural county, Tarimbaro, both in the State of Michoacan. Both samples were interviewed using the same questionnaire. Response rates were 72% in the United States and 92% in Mexico. Results show that Mexican-American men drink more frequently than men in Michoacan, who, as a group, drink infrequently but consume more often five or more drinks at a sitting as compared with Mexican Americans. Mexican-American women have a lower rate of abstention and a higher rate of women who drink at least once a week and who consume five drinks at a sitting at least once a year than do women in Michoacan. Among men, changes in drinking seem to occur soon after coming to the United States--often within 5 years. Among women, drinking patterns are not related to length of residence in the United States. In spite of less drinking, respondents in Michoacan report more alcohol problems than do Mexican Americans. PMID- 3216653 TI - The validity of self-report data. PMID- 3216652 TI - Possible linkage between alcoholism and esterase-D. AB - Association and linkage relationships between alcoholism and 30 polymorphic marker loci were studied in a total of 42 families: 27 families originally collected as part of a study on depression spectrum disease, 14 previously reported families with depression spectrum disease, and 1 family with familial alcoholism. Since heterogeneity within a sample can confound genetic linkage analysis, obscuring linkage relationships, alcoholism was studied in these families as a disorder unrelated to depression or antisocial personality. No allelic associations were found to be significant after allowing for the multiple tests. In a sib-pair linkage analysis, significant differences between the mean proportion of genes identical by descent in concordant and discordant sib pairs were found for the esterase-D (ESD) marker locus (p less than or equal to .01). This suggested that a linkage may exist between a gene for alcoholism and the ESD locus on chromosome 13q. Lod score linkage analysis yielded odds in favor of linkage to ESD of 44 to 1, most of the information relevant to linkage residing in a single family in which three offspring were classified as alcoholic and five were not. PMID- 3216654 TI - Effect of acupuncture treatment in 500 patients of mammary gland hyperplasia. PMID- 3216655 TI - Effects of acupuncture on serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol in cerebral infarction patients. PMID- 3216656 TI - Immediate relief and improved pulmonary functional changes in asthma symptom complex treated by needle warming moxibustion. PMID- 3216657 TI - Hemorrheological study on the effect of acupuncture in treating cerebral infarction. PMID- 3216658 TI - Clinical observation on the treatment of thrombocytopenic purpura by huoxue huayu drugs. PMID- 3216659 TI - The effects of long-term Qi Gong exercise on brain function as manifested by computer analysis. PMID- 3216660 TI - Clinical study on heavenly stems method of zi wu liu zhu. PMID- 3216661 TI - Treatment of hepatic abscesses supplemented by T.C.M.--a comparative observation of therapeutic effects on 64 patients. PMID- 3216662 TI - Clinical observation of 62 cases of insomnia treated by auricular point imbedding therapy. PMID- 3216663 TI - Treatment of 296 cases of hallucination with scalp-acupuncture. PMID- 3216664 TI - Treatment of 11 cases of chronic enuresis by acupuncture and massage. PMID- 3216665 TI - Acupuncture of guanyuan (Ren 4) and Baihui (Du 20) in the treatment of 500 cases of enuresis. PMID- 3216666 TI - Anatomical structure of acupoints. PMID- 3216667 TI - Heat symptom-complex with cold limbs in traditional Chinese medicine: observations and discussion. PMID- 3216668 TI - Modified five herb decoction in treating infantile acute nephritis. PMID- 3216669 TI - The Third WHO Regional Workshop on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature. PMID- 3216670 TI - Acupuncture treatment of morning sickness. PMID- 3216672 TI - A new cell line of murine myeloid leukemia with A-type phosphoglycerate kinase as marker isoenzyme. AB - A new murine myeloid leukemia cell line (C2M) with A-type phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) as marker isoenzyme was established from myeloid leukemia which arose in a female C3H/He strain mouse of the genotype Pgk-1a/Pgk-1b 1 yr after a whole body X-irradiation of 3 Gy. Cytochemical stainings indicated that C2M cells had myelomonocytic characteristics. Chromosomal analysis showed the partial deletion of No. 2 chromosome. Intravenous injection of C2M cells resulted in the development of myeloid leukemia in syngeneic mice owing to the growth of C2M cells. When C2M cells were transplanted to C3H/He mice with B-type PGK, PGK of spleen expressed two bands on electrophoresis; A-type PGK from transplanted C2M cells and B-type PGK from recipient mice, and the density of A-type PGK became prominent as the disease progressed. When granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells of bone marrow cells from leukemic mice were cultured, two types of colonies were observed. By determining PGK types of the colonies, leukemic colonies could be differentiated from normal granulocyte/macrophage colonies. Since C2M cell line has an advantage of processing A-type PGK which can be readily distinguished by the electrophoresis from normal cells, it will serve as a useful tool to study the interaction between leukemic cells and normal hematopoietic cells. PMID- 3216671 TI - Effect of cobalamin inactivation on folate metabolism of leukemic cells. AB - Exposure to nitrous oxide inactivates the cobalamin coenzyme of methionine synthetase, an essential enzyme in folate metabolism. Hemopoietic cells are especially dependent on the function of cobalamin for the folate-dependent synthesis of thymidylate (dTMP). Inhibition of methionine synthetase may therefore be of potential value in the treatment of hematological malignancies. In the present study we investigated the effect of nitrous oxide induced cobalamin inactivation on folate metabolism of fresh leukemic cells and the human myelomonocytic cell line U937. Cells were exposed to nitrous oxide for 20 h. Subsequently they were subjected to the deoxyuridine suppression test (dU test), which measures the disturbance of folate-dependent dTMP synthesis. In all bone marrow samples, cobalamin inactivation resulted in a 200% increase of the dU test value, implicating a decreased de-novo synthesis of dTMP. Incubation of leukemic cells with methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil or cycloleucine induced similar increases of the dU test values which could be further raised to 400% with the addition of N2O exposure. Prolonged experiments with U937 cells revealed that the disturbance of folate metabolism aggravated up to 48 h of nitrous oxide exposure. It can be concluded that cobalamin inactivation in human leukemic cells results in disturbed folate-dependent dTMP synthesis. Moreover, effects of several drugs interfering with folate metabolism can be enhanced. PMID- 3216673 TI - Expression of a 150-kD cell surface antigen identified by monoclonal antibody YB5.B8 is associated with poor prognosis in acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Peripheral blood specimens, obtained from 71 patients with newly-diagnosed acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL) prior to the initiation of therapy, were assayed for the presence of a myeloid leukaemia-associated cell surface antigen identified by monoclonal antibody YB5.B8. The antibody bound to cells from 22 patients, and these patients had a poorer overall survival rate than those whose cells failed to bind the antibody (p less than 0.025). Fifty patients were treated with daunorubicin/cytosine arabinoside/6-thioguanine (DAT) according to a standard protocol and survived at least to the end of the induction phase (7 days). Of the 34 patients whose cells were YB5.B8 negative, 28 obtained a complete remission. In contrast, only four of the 16 patients whose cells expressed YB5.B8 antigen obtained complete remission (p less than 0.001). Expression of the YB5.B8 antigen in ANLL appears to be a strong prognostic indicator which is independent of other known prognostic factors such as patient age, leucocyte count and pre-existing hematopoietic abnormality. PMID- 3216674 TI - Origin of near-haploidy in malignant hematopoietic cells. AB - Hyperdiploidy is common in neoplastic diseases but severe hypodiploidy or near haploidy is extremely rare. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and blast phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia (BC/CML) are the two most common leukemias where metaphases with as low as 23 chromosomes have been reported. Recent studies have indicated that during the course of malignant development, cells undergo numerous changes, however, it is still not known whether malignant transformation proceeds or results from the near-haploid state. Retrospectively, we have examined 100 metaphases with chromosome counts of 23 to 35 in patients with CML who have not yet progressed to the blastic phase, to see whether such metaphases share any common characteristics with published cases. The unusual behavior of chromosomes 8, 17 and the presence of Ph-chromosomes in 85% of the cells are highly unique features in our study. These observations are compatible with those found in BC/CML patients reported earlier. Therefore, it is hypothesized that selective chromosome loss is a gradual phenomenon and one of these near-haploid clones may replace a diploid clone as the dominant component of the population during blast transformation. Several hypotheses are proposed as to the origin of such clones in malignant hematopoietic stem cells. PMID- 3216675 TI - Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte-conditioned medium induces differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro. AB - Six-day cultures of FCS and PHA-LCM-stimulated whole blood from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were examined for differential cell count and chromosome karyotypes. It was found that both FCS and PHA-LCM could induce partial leukemic cell differentiation and maturation to macrophage in vitro, while PHA-LCM caused lymphocyte proliferation too. The absolute number of atypical blasts and neutrophils decreased in all 6-day cultures. The majority of the dividing cells (81.4%) contained the characteristic translocation for APL, t(15; 17) (q22; q11). Thus, these were members of the leukemic myeloid lineage, whereas some cells contained normal karyotypes, which could be lymphocytes. PMID- 3216676 TI - Undetectable peripheral blood CFU-GM as a prognostic indicator in myelodysplastic syndrome. AB - The survival of MDS patients without detectable circulating CFU-GM (median = 188 days) was significantly lower than those in whose peripheral blood CFU-GM were detected (median greater than 1000 days) (p less than 0.01). About half of those with detectable PB-CFU-GM died within 2 yr whilst the remainder survived more than ca 3 yr. There was no significant difference in the distribution of patients having 0-5% and greater than 5% marrow blast cells within the three groups. PMID- 3216677 TI - High rate of T phenotype in adult lymphoblastic leukemia from western Sicily. PMID- 3216678 TI - A mouse model for the study of blood-brain barrier permeability. AB - This article describes a C57BL/6 mouse model for the investigation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) alteration. Osmotic modification of BBB was achieved by infusion of 1.6 M arabinose solution into the internal carotid artery with or without occlusion of the external carotid artery. BBB alteration was measured by infusing 2% Evans blue dye. Only 1.6 M arabinose-treated animals but not 0.9% NaCl controls displayed prominent ipsilateral staining of frontal and temporal lobes. Light blue staining occurred in animals sacrificed within 10 min after injection. Prominent staining occurred in animals sacrificed 1-6 hours later. Identically treated animals were maintained for up to 6 months without signs of systemic or neurological dysfunction. This model may permit study of the effects of biological response modifiers (BRMs) upon the central nervous system (CNS) in healthy and diseased mice. PMID- 3216679 TI - A method for studying the control of three-dimensional isometric forces using dynamic stereogram. AB - A system has been developed for measuring the three-dimensional (3D) isometric forces produced by the arm in response to a visual stimulus. The output of 3 load cells is combined to determine the components of the 3D response force. The maximum force range of the load cells is 2000 g which can be read with a resolution of 4 g and with a measured accuracy of +/- 10 g. An overload stop protects the device to a load of 23 kg. The visual instruction to the subject concerning the direction and magnitude of the 3D force vector to be produced is presented using a vivid spherical stereogram. This stereogram is produced using the anaglyphic technique where the left and right images are separated by color filters. A dense aggregation of points defines the target cursor, which can be positioned anywhere inside or on the surface of the sphere. This cursor can represent a stationary or a moving target. A force feedback cursor can be provided to indicate to the subject his/her response. The color display on the cathode ray tube is produced by a display generator driven by a computer. PMID- 3216680 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction: a tissue embedding method for alignment of serial sections. AB - Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from serial sections that are undistorted and true-to-life is only possible when a reference system exists that allows correct matching of the section drawings. This paper describes a simple method for producing reference lines that ensures proper alignment of the drawings. (1) The specimen is embedded in a rectangular form, (2) the sides of the block are painted, and (3) the embedded specimen is sectioned exactly perpendicular to the painted sides of the block. Thus, in each section the paint appears as dark lines which serve as reference lines for matching the sections. PMID- 3216681 TI - Computerized monitoring system in neurosurgical intensive care. AB - A computerized monitoring and analyzing system for neurosurgical intensive care has been developed. The system continuously monitors the function of the central nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Correlation between such parameters can be analyzed automatically. The electroencephalogram (EEG) and intracranial pressure (ICP) were monitored as parameters for CNS function and condition. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems were monitored by heart rate, systemic blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and expiratory O2 and CO2 pressures. Body temperature was also monitored continuously. Sequential changes of those parameters were displayed on time-dependent trend graphs, and correlations between each parameter were automatically analyzed by linear regression equations. The clinical applicability of the system was demonstrated in the postoperative treatment of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial aneurysm. In such a case, EEG slowing was observed in this system prior to clinical deterioration, and had a correlation with a decrease of pulmonary arterial pressure. Thus, the necessity for restoration of intravascular volume was realized before clinical deterioration progressed. PMID- 3216682 TI - On the interpretation of voltage noise in small cells. AB - Noise analysis is a powerful technique for studying membrane conductance mechanisms, but it can be applied straightforwardly only to current noise recorded under voltage clamp. Many small cells, however, such as some sensory receptors and interneurons, are not suited for voltage clamping. In such cases it is of great interest to be able to interpret recordings of voltage noise. Voltage noise must be corrected for the effects of: (1) changes in membrane potential, (2) the cells' input impedance, and (3) noise contributed by conductances other than the one of interest. This paper describes in detail the factors--including in particular voltage-dependent K+-conductances--that affect voltage-noise recordings, and describes how these factors may be measured and corrected for in practice. A novel method allows membrane impedance to be measured at the same time as voltage noise. An example is given, showing how this approach may be applied to voltage noise from an insect photoreceptor. PMID- 3216683 TI - Technical aspects of voltage-clamping the cut-open squid giant axon. AB - The design of a voltage-clamp system dedicated to recording the fluctuation of sodium currents under non-stationary conditions from a leaflet of cut-open squid axon is presented. The membrane leaflet is mechanically sandwiched between the apices of two finely machined plexiglass cones which enable fluid access to each side of the membrane and a known area of membrane to be voltage-clamped. The design requirements necessary to achieve satisfactory signal resolution have been assessed in terms of the overall digitising resolution of the ADC hardware and the intrinsic and extrinsic components of the clamp-system noise. Good agreement between the predicted and measured noise performance was found. The clamp system has enabled simultaneous estimates of the single-channel conductance and channel density to be made over a much wider range of experimental conditions than previously possible. PMID- 3216684 TI - Intracellular injection of lucifer yellow into cortical neurons in lightly fixed sections and its application to human autopsy material. AB - In this paper a method is described for injecting Lucifer yellow intracellularly in lightly fixed cortical slices. The resultant filling reveals detailed neuronal morphology of somata, dendrites, and their appendages offering the following advantages over currently available cell staining techniques: (1) a large number (10-30) of neurons can be filled intracellularly in a single experiment, (2) when coupled with retrograde fluorescent tracing methods, specific populations of neurons can be chosen for study, (3) good results can be obtained reliably, (4) neurons from autopsy or biopsy material can be intracellularly filled, (5) other neuronal features can be identified by combining this method with lectin or neurotransmitter immunocytochemistry, and (6) filled cells can be made electron dense, permitting specimens to be examined under the electron microscope. PMID- 3216686 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of congenital anomalies in the neonatal population]. PMID- 3216685 TI - [Inflammation of the amniotic membranes and placenta in late abortion and premature labor]. PMID- 3216687 TI - [Serum CA 125 and ferritin in patients with ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 3216688 TI - [Inclusions of ovarian germinative epithelium]. PMID- 3216689 TI - [Value of colposcopy and directed biopsy in the care of women with the cytological picture of dysplasia]. PMID- 3216691 TI - [Ovarian pregnancy with contralateral corpus luteum and an intrauterine device]. PMID- 3216690 TI - [Cytodiagnosis of inflammatory disease of the vagina and cervix in pregnancy]. PMID- 3216693 TI - [Facility standard for the ward designed for the care of patients with senile dementia]. PMID- 3216694 TI - [Problems in nursing management: unwillingness of a nursing supervisor to accept a promotion to a position of general supervisor at another hospital]. PMID- 3216692 TI - [Multiple pregnancy and delivery]. PMID- 3216695 TI - [Problems in nursing management: need for the establishment of a goal or ideal for the staff]. PMID- 3216696 TI - [Keywords concerning nursing management: nursing standard to be created and used by nurses]. PMID- 3216697 TI - [Personality: Dr. Yoshio Gyoten, a member of the National Broadcasting System staff in charge of health programs]. PMID- 3216699 TI - [Problems in clinical training in nursing: a tendency among nursing students to stereotype patients]. PMID- 3216698 TI - [Problems in nursing education: an effective and efficient method of teaching biochemistry to nursing students]. PMID- 3216700 TI - [Problems in clinical training in nursing: care by a male nursing student refused by a male patient]. PMID- 3216701 TI - [Introduction of primary nursing. A discussion]. PMID- 3216702 TI - [Introduction of primary nursing: satisfaction, difficulties and future of the primary nurse]. PMID- 3216703 TI - [Introduction of primary nursing: small but steady progress for better nursing]. PMID- 3216704 TI - [Introduction of primary nursing: pleasure in working within the nursing system which promotes individual development]. PMID- 3216706 TI - [Conceptual changes in the field of education]. PMID- 3216705 TI - [Introduction of primary nursing: responses to 7 questions concerning primary nursing]. PMID- 3216707 TI - [Career development in nursing and the life cycle of women]. PMID- 3216708 TI - [Statistics in nursing: manpower, places of employment and training of nurses and associate nurses]. PMID- 3216709 TI - [Keypoints in training nursing staff: training of the "trainers"]. PMID- 3216710 TI - [Process of introduction of primary nursing at St. Lukes International Hospital (5)]. PMID- 3216711 TI - [Evaluation of the teaching method in clinical training at a school of nursing technology--an attempt at learning by image formation]. PMID- 3216712 TI - [On man and nursing. Aging. 10. Aging speed and the tempo of society (2). A discussion]. PMID- 3216713 TI - [Better nursing care through nursing research: choosing research designs (5)]. PMID- 3216715 TI - Louisiana Patients Compensation Fund: a status report. PMID- 3216714 TI - [Contents of various nursing specialties (2). Adult nursing and geriatric nursing]. PMID- 3216716 TI - Dental malpractice insurance claims reported to State Board of Dentistry. PMID- 3216717 TI - St. Paul lowers rates after January, 1988 filling. PMID- 3216718 TI - CNA rates decrease for professional liability. PMID- 3216719 TI - Effects of aging on neuronal electrical membrane properties. AB - The electric membrane properties (EMP) of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in cell cultures prepared from control mice (8-14 weeks) and old mice (90-92 weeks) were compared. The old neurons had a number of significant alterations in EMP compared to controls including decreased electrical excitability, increased action potential duration and more pronounced biphasicity of the repolarization phase. The old neurons also had larger action potential overshoot and afterhyperpolarization. The pattern of altered electric membrane properties was consistent with an age-induced shift from voltage-sensitive sodium channels to less excitable voltage-sensitive calcium channels and also a decrease in potassium permeability during the repolarizing phase of the action potential. PMID- 3216720 TI - In vitro and in vivo effects produced by the immunomodulating agent RU 41740 on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the elderly. AB - The activity of RU 41740, a glycoprotein extract from Klebsiella pneumoniae has been investigated on some polymorphonuclear (PMN) functions. Chemotaxis, random migration and oxidative metabolism (assessed by chemiluminescence, O2 consumption and O2- generation) were studied in parallel. PMN were collected from adult and aged human volunteers. Experiments were performed either in vitro or in vivo in a double blind placebo assay. In both PMN populations RU 41740 enhanced oxidative metabolism either in in vivo or in vitro experiments. However, a higher and dose related activity was observed on PMN collected from the younger subjects whereas maximal effective concentration was reached earlier with PMN collected from aged subjects. RU 41740 did not modify random migration but inhibited chemotaxis of PMN collected from the younger population in a dose-related manner. These data corroborated previous results observed on PMN collected from various animal species and suggested an interaction of RU 41740 on PMN membrane. Moreover drug induced macrophage and lymphocyte stimulation might also explain, at least in part, the in vivo effects described in this study. Thus RU 41740 could partly account for the protective effects exerted against bacterial and fungal infections through its activity on PMN functions. PMID- 3216721 TI - Vasopressin and oxytocin excretion in the Brown-Norway rat in relation to aging, water metabolism and testosterone. AB - There is considerable disagreement in the literature on changes in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) with aging: some reports support HNS degeneration, whereas others claim an activation of this system in senescence. In order to study age-related changes in vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) excretion in relation to water metabolism, six young (4 months) and 12 aged (34 months) male Brown-Norway rats were placed in metabolism cages. Since plasma testosterone levels have been reported to affect HNS activity and to decline progressively with age, half of the aged animals were given subcutaneous testosterone implants. Urine volume and water intake were significantly increased in aged animals, while urine osmolality was significantly reduced. These changes could not be attributed to diminished VP secretion, since 24-h urinary excretion of this peptide was elevated in the aged animals. In addition, 24-h OT excretion was elevated in the aged animals, indicating an overall activation of the HNS in senescence. VP excretion was significantly correlated with urine osmolality, urine volume and urinary VP concentration. No significant differences were observed between testosterone- and sham-implanted aged rats. It is concluded that the moderate polyuria/polydipsia in the senescent Brown-Norway rat is probably due to renal changes and is accompanied by a compensatory rise in both VP and OT secretion. Testosterone does not affect these changes. PMID- 3216722 TI - The phytohemagglutinin response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes as a function of donor age: a re-examination using BrdU-Hoechst flow cytometry. AB - Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood by a standard Ficoll Hypaque technique from 127 healthy donors, ranging in age from newborns to 86 years of age. As a measure of their in vitro growth response, the fraction of non cycling cells was determined at 48 and 72 h after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) exposure by means of BrdU-Hoechst flow cytometry. This technique provides an optimal assay system for the non-cycling cell fraction, since all cycling cells will have incorporated BrdU thereby quenching the fluorescence of the Hoechst 33258 fluorochrome. Lymphocytes from prepubertal donors showed significantly decreased non-cycling cell fractions, as did lymphocytes from an additional group of 14 adults with hypogonadism due to the 45, XO condition (Turner-Syndrome). Much to our surprise, we found no definitive correlation between donor age and the non-cycling fraction of cells from the adult lymphocyte donors. Nor did we find any age-related increase in the variance of the non-cycling cell fraction. These observations suggest that the previously reported age-related decline in the PHA response of human PBL may reflect an increasing delay, rather than an overall diminution, of the PHA response as a function of donor age. PMID- 3216723 TI - Does red blood cell size correlate with red blood cell age in mouse? AB - Mouse red blood cells (RBC) can be fractionated according to their size by counterflow centrifugation. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin content and the enzyme activities (ASAT, LDH, PK and acetylcholinesterase) increase when the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) rises. However, the in-vivo survival of size-separated RBC is similar whatever their MCV is; thus, counterflow centrifugation is not a suitable procedure to achieve an age fractionation of mouse RBC. Moreover, RBC subpopulations collected by counterflow centrifugation are different from those obtained when RBC are fractionated according to their density. PMID- 3216724 TI - Age-related changes of the metabolic profile of rat cerebellar cortex: enzyme histochemical study. AB - The influence of aging on the metabolic profile of cerebellar cortex was studied in young (3-month-old), adult (12-month-old) and aged (26-month-old) male Sprague Dawley rats using enzyme histochemical techniques. The following enzymatic activities related to energy transduction were examined: lactate-(LDH) and succinate-(SDH) dehydrogenases; NADH2-tetrazolium reductase (NADHD) and alpha glycerophosphate-dehydrogenase (GPDH). The intensity of enzymatic staining within the neuropil of molecular and granular layers as well as within the cytoplasm of Purkinje neurons of young, adult and aged animals was assessed microphotometrically. In the molecular layer LSH, SDH and NADHD levels were reduced in old rats; GPDH was decreased both in adult and old animals. In Purkinje neurons no age-related changes of the enzymatic activities under study were observed. In the granular layer LDH and GPDH showed an age-dependent loss; SDH and NADHD were unchanged. The possibility that age-related changes of the enzymatic activities under study may be due to impaired energy production mechanisms and/or represent the consequence of reduced energetic needs resulting from the documented age-dependent loss of synapses in the molecular or in the granular layers of cerebellar cortex is discussed. PMID- 3216725 TI - The effect of low protein-high dextrin diet and subsequent food restriction upon life prolongation in Fischer 344 male rats. AB - Fischer 344 rats fed low protein-high dextrin diet exhibit a higher median (but not 10th percentile) survival as compared to controls. The effect of this diet appears already if the diet is administered between 6 weeks and 6 months of age; after this treatment median survival of experimental animals is increased by 96 days while the 10th percentile is not different from standard diet-fed controls. Further treatment of animals with the same diet has minimum effect as animals that lived on this regimen throughout the whole life exhibited a median lifespan increase by 120 days and increase in the 10th percentile by 41 days. However, if such animals at the age of 6 months are transferred to a restricted (60%) food intake regimen (control diet, not carbohydrate enriched) a further increase in median and 10th percentile lifespan prolongation can be observed reaching +328 and +396 days respectively as compared to controls. The effects of this early feeding (6 weeks to 6 months) with a low protein-high carbohydrate diet available ad libitum and the food restricted regimen (standard diet 60% controls) fed from the age 6 months onwards are additive, the final results being identical to those obtained if the animals were kept on the 60% food restricted intake throughout the whole life. The fact that animals fed the low protein-high carbohydrate diet and those kept on 60% standard diet food restriction had different survival though they were equal in daily (identical) protein intake is emphasized. PMID- 3216726 TI - Age-related changes in capillaries of rat oral mucosa. A quantitative electron microscopic study. AB - Ultrastructural age changes in capillaries of the buccal mucosa were examined in montages of cross sections made from electron micrographs at 37,500 x. Six rats aged 6 months and 6 aged 30 months were perfused with glutaraldehyde and conventional thin sections obtained. Two capillaries located within a connective tissue papilla were studied from each rat. Capillaries of the old group differed from those of the young group by statistically significant increases in several parameters. The endothelial cell was increased in thickness, especially in the vicinity of junctions. The frequency of pinocytotic vesicles/unit length of the cell circumference was nearly doubled. Junctions were of nearly double length and took a more oblique course. All parts of the basement membranes were thickened, though perhaps less than seems true in skin. In striking contrast to epidermis, the epithelium of oral mucosa undergoes no appreciable thinning with age. We suggest that the observed age increases in frequency of pinocytotic vesicles and in the length of junctions may facilitate blood/tissue exchange, thus compensating for impaired exchange due to the thickened basement membranes. These compensatory changes in conjunction with the unchanged size of the mucosal capillary bed in the aged rat (demonstrated previously) could explain the unchanged thickness of the oral epithelium. PMID- 3216728 TI - Age-related alteration of renal brush border leucine aminopeptidase in rat kidney cortex. AB - Renal brush border enzyme activities were significantly decreased with age. The decrease was observed in the homogenate and brush border fractions. Purified leucine aminopeptidase was significantly decreased in Vmax and Km value for leucyl-beta-naphthylamide in the old rats. Heat stability of leucine aminopeptidase from both old and young rats showed biphasic, and the enzyme from old rats was more stable at 60 degrees C than that of the young. However, other properties such as molecular weight, antigenicity, charge, and optimum pH were not significantly different between young and old rats. From these results, it is suggested that age-related alteration of leucine aminopeptidase is due to a conformational change of enzyme molecule; the conformational change might occur at the active sites of the enzyme. PMID- 3216727 TI - Age-dependent accumulation of alkali-labile sites in DNA of post-mitotic but not in that of mitotic rat liver cells. AB - The amount of spontaneous damage in the DNA of rat liver cells was measured by using the alkaline elution assay. An age-related increase of approximately 700 detectable alkali-labile sites (80%) was found for rat parenchymal liver cells; cells from 6-month-old rats contained approximately 900 alkali-labile sites per cell while cells from 36-month-old rats contained approximately 1600 alkali labile sites. In contrast to the situation with the postmitotic parenchymal liver cells, no age-related increase in the number of alkali-labile sites was found for the non-parenchymal liver cell fraction, which has a higher mitotic activity. These results support the hypothesis that aging takes place predominantly in postmitotic cells. PMID- 3216729 TI - Sequence of centromere separation of mitotic chromosomes during human cellular aging. AB - The sequence of centromere separation of mitotic chromosomes derived from lymphocytes of 17 individuals of various ages was studied. A comparison of the mean CSI (centromeric separation index) values for individual chromosomes in the complement indicated a significant difference between the older and the younger subjects only with regard to the chromosome nos. 6, 11, and 19 in both sexes and the X chromosome exclusively in the female. With age, chromosome no. 6 in both males and females and the X chromosome in females showed premature centromeric separation whereas chromosome nos. 11 and 19 in both males and females displayed delayed centromeric separation. Our study, therefore, indicates that changes in the sequence of centromeric separation of certain chromosomes do occur in lymphocytes during chronological aging in humans. PMID- 3216730 TI - Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on some metabolic indices of ageing of CBA/Ca inbred mice. AB - It has been shown in several studies that 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) improves the life span and aspects of life performance of laboratory animals. To obtain further details on the beneficial effects of 2-ME, a long-term study has been performed on male CBA/Ca inbred mice treated with this antioxidant. Four month old mice were each given 4 micrograms of 2-ME in physiological saline via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 3 x per week. Measurements were made of the following: cold tolerance (heat performance), apparent total body protein turnover (T1/2), changes in the major lipid and fatty acid compositions of the liver, superoxide dismutase activity and formation of malondialdehyde and observations on a range of pathological changes. It was found that the basal rectal temperatures of the treated mice were higher and in the oldest group, heat performance capacity was better than those of the controls. After about 1 year of age the apparent biological half-life time of total body protein (T1/2) was observed to be shorter in the treated mice. Significant increases were observed to occur in the proportions of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipids of the liver in the mice injected with 2-ME. Although no differences were observed in the superoxide dismutase activities, malondialdehyde concentrations in the livers of the experimental mice were significantly increased. Autopsy data showed that Dunn-sarcomas associated with amyloidoses occurred more frequently in the untreated mice. PMID- 3216731 TI - How's business? PMID- 3216732 TI - Scanning the lab for better productivity. PMID- 3216734 TI - [The decline of tuberculosis infection in schoolchildren of Barcelona]. PMID- 3216733 TI - [Computerized axial tomography in the study of bone mass. Analysis of reproducibility]. PMID- 3216735 TI - [International diffusion of Spanish research on drug dependence]. PMID- 3216736 TI - [Acute renal failure in McArdle's disease]. PMID- 3216737 TI - [Cloxacillin-induced neutropenia]. PMID- 3216738 TI - [Polymyositis: acute presentation form]. PMID- 3216739 TI - [Value of platelet count as an activity index in chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases]. PMID- 3216740 TI - [Clinically silent diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3216741 TI - [Usefulness of red blood cell volume distribution in the differential diagnosis of anemia]. PMID- 3216742 TI - [Long-term results of a diabetes education program. Effects on the metabolic control and clinical outcome of complications]. PMID- 3216743 TI - [Magnetic resonance in neurology: analysis of 240 cases]. PMID- 3216744 TI - [Collective hysteria in a public primary school: analysis of an epidemic outbreak]. PMID- 3216745 TI - [Lead poisoning, 1988]. PMID- 3216746 TI - [Atrioventricular block in septic shock]. PMID- 3216747 TI - [Painless aortic dissection with low pressure tamponade]. PMID- 3216748 TI - [Difficulties of investigation of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 using ELISA]. PMID- 3216749 TI - [Rhabdomyolysis associated with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma]. PMID- 3216750 TI - [Hypercalcemia as paraneoplastic syndrome in gallbladder carcinoma. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3216751 TI - [Metoclopramide-induced gynecomastia]. PMID- 3216752 TI - [Fever of unknown origin and adrenal insufficiency as presenting features of retroperitoneal lymphoma]. PMID- 3216753 TI - [Papillary cancer of the thyroid gland: treatment and follow-up of 39 patients during 10 years]. PMID- 3216754 TI - [High doses of intravenous gamma globulin in the treatment of myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3216755 TI - [Myoglobin-latex in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3216756 TI - [CA 15.3, a marker of breast cancer]. PMID- 3216757 TI - [Brain edema caused by altitude with rapid reversal of coma]. PMID- 3216758 TI - [Diffuse alopecia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. PMID- 3216759 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and delivery]. PMID- 3216760 TI - [Worsening of asthma in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 3216761 TI - [Recurrent hemophagocytic syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection]. PMID- 3216762 TI - [Relation between the degree of hepatic disease and the impairment of red blood cells]. PMID- 3216763 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of a rabbit model in studies of toxic shock syndrome]. PMID- 3216764 TI - [Bacteriocinogenic properties of Morganella morganii]. PMID- 3216765 TI - [Toxic properties of lipopolysaccharide and lipid A of Aeromonas sobria and non 01 Vibrio cholerae]. PMID- 3216766 TI - [Immunogenic and antigenic properties of bacterial cells, lipopolysaccharides and lipids A of Aeromonas sobria and non 01 vibrio cholerae]. PMID- 3216767 TI - [Primary malignant tumors of the small intestine--symptoms, diagnosis and therapy]. AB - 26 patients with a primary malignant tumor of the small intestine could be found in the cases in the surgical department of the Marienhospital Herne, University of Bochum, from 1978 to 1987. By the anamnesis and findings on admission various symptoms and clinical results only a few cases advising symptoms for a malignant tumor of the small intestine were found. Often the diagnosis only could be found by an emergency operation. An amelioration of the bad prognosis will be possible with shortening the long latency between the first uncharacteristic symptoms and the right diagnosis. After going through the endoscopy and radiology with strong anamnesis and findings, the explorative laparotomy must be done as an compulsory step. PMID- 3216768 TI - [Fascioliasis of the liver. Differential diagnosis and questions of latency based on a case report]. AB - A 49-years old female patient was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain and symptoms of a shock. Four months before she had been sick and been an outpatient with slight pain in the upper abdomen and remarkable weight loss. The suspicion of perforated gall bladder was the indication to a laparotomy. A tumor on the right lobe of the liver was found. The histological diagnosis was: eosinophilic portal hepatitis with multiple eosinophilic abscesses in the liver. The parasitologic serology showed a positive test for Fasciola (liver fluke). Praziquantel in high doses was promptly effective and cured the patient. The sheep liver fluke is a common parasite of the biliary tract of herbivores all over the world, but rarely leads to a human disease. The patient had lived many decades in the South Pacific. The differential diagnoses was manifold because of the traveling habits, the clinical symptomatic and the course of the disease. The biology of the sheep liver fluke implies an infection acquired in Europe some weeks before the first symptoms of the disease. PMID- 3216769 TI - [The esophageal cyst--a rare congenital abnormality]. AB - Esophageal cysts are among the embryonic malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. They develop from persisting diverticulum-like evaginations of the embryonic esophagus. The esophageal cyst is usually asymptomatic and is frequently diagnosed as an incidental finding. Since, however, a clear differentiation from malignancies is not possible with conventional diagnostic procedures. Surgical treatment is advisable in these cases. PMID- 3216770 TI - [Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. A rare cause of long-term upper abdominal symptoms]. AB - Case report of a rare cause of chronic abdominal pains. An eosinophilic gastroenteritis could be diagnosed by histology and laboratory findings. Etiopathogenesis, differential diagnosis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 3216771 TI - Pathologic study of primary biliary cirrhosis of early histologic stages presenting cholestatic jaundice. AB - While cholestatic jaundice usually develops in the advanced stages of primary biliary cirrhosis, our series of this disease disclosed that 8 of the 88 cases presented cholestatic jaundice in the early histologic stages (stages 1 and 2). These patients frequently presented esophageal varices (57%) and showed a low incidence of positive mitochondrial antibodies compared to the non-jaundices cases in the same histologic stages. Histologic changes of livers from the jaundiced patients failed to show fundamental differences from those of the non jaundiced patients, except for the presence of bile plugs and extensive bile duct loss in the former. Deposition of orcein-positive granules and increased hepatic copper content, suggesting prolonged cholestasis, were rather advanced, and inflammatory changes in the portal tracts and piecemeal necrosis were rather mild in the jaundiced patients. These data suggest that cholestatic jaundice occurs in a few patients in the early histologic stages on a biopsy with extensive bile duct loss and features of prolonged cholestasis; it is not clear whether such patients are a small separate cluster in PBC, or not. PMID- 3216772 TI - Light and electron microscopic study of the liver in paraquat poisoning. AB - Intrahepatic cholestasis in paraquat poisoning in man has been thought to be secondary to extensive bile duct injuries, though its exact mechanism remains unsettled. We have examined liver biopsy specimens from two cases of paraquat poisoning. Case 1 (fatal) presented severe intrahepatic jaundice, and liver biopsy showed centrilobular cholestasis with extensive bile duct loss. Ultrastructurally, dilatation of bile canaliculi with decrease of microvilli and thickening of pericanalicular ectoplasm was found in the hepatocytes. Case 2 (alive) showed mild liver dysfunction without jaundice. While liver biopsy showed nonspecific reactive changes with intact bile ducts and ductules, electron microscopy disclosed dilatation of bile canaliculi with decrease of microvilli and thickening of pericanalicular ectoplasm in the hepatocytes, suggesting that damage to the bile secretory apparatus in the hepatocytes develops irrespective of extensive bile duct loss. These findings suggest that bile secretory apparatus in the hepatocytes as well as biliary epithelial cells could be a target of paraquat or its metabolites. PMID- 3216773 TI - Effect of allopurinol on oxidant stress and hepatic function following ischemia and reperfusion in the rat. AB - Reactive oxygen species generated by xanthine oxidase during reperfusion of ischemic liver might in part be responsible for ischemic organ injury. Therefore, the effect of allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, on the oxidant stress associated with reperfusion and on hepatic function 24 h after ischemia was assessed in a model of partial hepatic ischemia in rats. The increase in circulating glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was used as an index of oxidant stress. Hepatic function was assessed using a breath test to quantitative the demethylation of aminopyrine in vivo. In control animals the plasma concentration of GSSG 1 h after onset of reperfusion increased from 0.9 mumol/l in sham operated controls to 4.2, 5.5, and 8.0 mumol/l following 45, 90 and 120 min of ischemia, respectively. The percent of the administered dose of (dimethylamine 14C)-aminopyrine appearing in breath as 14CO2 was not significantly different from sham-operated controls (40.2%) 24 h after 45 min of ischemia (34.1%), but decreased progressively to 26.0% (p less than 0.05) and 20.6% (p less than 0.05) after 90 and 120 min of ischemia, respectively. Allopurinol, administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg 18 h and 1 h prior to ischemia, did not prevent the rise in plasma GSSG, did not alleviate the release of transaminases, and did not improve the demethylation of aminopyrine 24 h after ischemia, suggesting that reactive oxygen species generated by xanthine oxidase during reperfusion of ischemic liver do not contribute significantly to ischemic injury. PMID- 3216774 TI - Effect of ornithine on transferrin secretion of rat and human hepatocyte cultures. AB - Fetal rat or neonatal human hepatocytes and a human hepatoma cell line were cultured in an arginine-free medium, supplemented or not with L-ornithine. This amino-acid improved survival of hepatocytes and strongly enhanced their transferrin secretion. Moreover, this increase observed in transferrin production was well correlated with a higher corresponding mRNA level. Thus, it may be postulated that the mechanism involved in the increased transferrin secretion by L-ornithine is of pretranslational origin. PMID- 3216775 TI - Cellular mechanisms of toxicity and tolerance in the copper-loaded rat. I. Ultrastructural changes in the liver. AB - Ultrastructural changes have been studied in the copper-loaded livers of rats in order to clarify the pathogenesis of damage induced by the metal and the subsequent recovery. Male rats fed a high copper diet (1500 ppm) for 16 weeks were killed at intervals. Their livers were removed and portions fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde for transmission electron microscopy and analysed for copper by AA spectrophotometry. Increasing copper concentrations were associated with an increase in the numbers and diversity of lysosomes, swelling of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and canalicular microvilli and fragmentation of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear degeneration occurred early, culminating in lysis. Subsequent changes included a decline in liver copper, extrusion of apoptotic bodies and the recovery of remaining hepatocytes with retention of inert remnants (Mallory body-like structures). Excess copper is associated primarily with irreversible nuclear damage and does not appear to cause disruption of lysosomes. The mechanism of cellular adaptation remains unclear. PMID- 3216776 TI - Protein serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae based on reactivity to six monoclonal antibodies. AB - Six monoclonal antibodies to proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae were tested in a dot blot assay for reactivity with 499 clinical isolates of pneumococci. Forty four percent of the isolates reacted with at least one of the antibodies. Nineteen patterns of reactivity were identified and each designated as a provisional protein serotype. Protein serotyping identified pneumococcal strains independently of their capsular type and made it possible to differentiate strains within most capsular types. A protein serotyping system provides a new dimension to the phenotypic identification of S. pneumoniae and may eventually provide a basis for assessing the population structure of these organisms. PMID- 3216778 TI - Effect of pyochelin on Pseudomonas cepacia respiratory infections. AB - Exogenously supplied pyochelin influenced the virulence of Pseudomonas cepacia pyochelin-negative strains in a chronic pulmonary infection model in rats. Groups of rats were inoculated transtracheally with agar beads containing P. cepacia or P. aeruginosa strains, saturated with either pyochelin or PBS. Supplementation of the inocula with pyochelin had no effect on the number of bacteria recovered from the lungs. The availability of pyochelin, however, increased the degree of pathology observed in lungs infected with pyochelin-negative strains of P. cepacia. The area of pathological involvement in the lung was about 2-fold larger, when pyochelin was present. Inclusion of pyochelin in the inoculum had no effect on the degree of pathology observed in lungs infected with a pyochelin positive P. aeruginosa strain. Pyochelin was shown to stimulate in vitro growth of P. cepacia, but it had no effect on production of lipase or protease, factors which may be involved in P. cepacia virulence. These studies support our hypothesis that pyochelin may be important for dissemination in P. cepacia infections. PMID- 3216777 TI - The maltose-inducible 43 kDa major outer membrane protein in Vibrio cholerae is immunogenic and common to different isolates. AB - We have previously demonstrated the presence of a maltose-inducible major outer membrane protein of 43 kDa in an El Tor Inaba strain of Vibrio cholerae. The occurrence of similar proteins was examined in several isolates of V. cholerae 01. The results indicate that the 43 kDa protein is common to all of the isolates as evidenced by Western blotting analysis with antiserum raised against this protein. The 43 kDa protein was maltose-inducible in most isolates although some strains exhibited a constitutive production of the protein. This protein was present also on V. cholerae 01 organisms harvested directly from the small intestine of rabbits with experimental cholera and it gave rise to specific antibodies after immunization with in vivo grown vibrios. PMID- 3216779 TI - Production of a heat stable enterotoxin by Plesiomonas shigelloides. AB - Eight strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides were assayed for enterotoxin production in the rabbit ileal loop assay. Seven strains required serial in vivo passage in the rabbit's intestine before enterotoxin activity was detected in the cells' filtrate. Enterotoxin production was readily lost with subculture of these toxinogenic cells. Heat treatment of the cells' filtrate from three strains that had never been passed in vivo led to detectable enterotoxin activity in three of six separate assays. Using LT, CT, STIa, STIb and STII as probes, no homology to the whole cell DNA of the eight strains was detected on Southern hybridization under low stringency conditions. The enterotoxin of P. shigelloides appears to be novel since production is induced by in vivo passage, activity is seen with heat treatment of cells' filtrate and there is no DNA homology to the cloned enterotoxin genes of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. PMID- 3216780 TI - [Diagnostic errors. Retrospective analysis of their causes in 50 autopsies]. PMID- 3216782 TI - [Clinical research: multicenter studies]. PMID- 3216781 TI - [Parasitic diseases and immunosuppression]. PMID- 3216783 TI - [Hyperventilation syndrome]. PMID- 3216784 TI - [Computerized pneumoencephalographic cysternography in the diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 3216785 TI - [Prevalence of arterial hypertension in La Plata, Argentina]. PMID- 3216786 TI - [Effect of amiodarone on the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in the myocardium of rats in vivo and in vitro]. PMID- 3216787 TI - [Urine saturation with calcium oxalate in urolithiasis]. PMID- 3216788 TI - [Changes in the organic bone matrix and cartilage of rats by the prolonged use of sodium fluoride]. PMID- 3216789 TI - [Myeloma type IgAk, hyperlipidemia and hyperviscosity syndrome]. PMID- 3216790 TI - [Polycythemia vera and blast transformation]. PMID- 3216791 TI - [The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987: antibody diversity]. PMID- 3216792 TI - [Diagnostic errors: prospective analysis of their causes]. PMID- 3216793 TI - An in vitro comparative study on the effect of amphotericin B, econazole, and 5 fluorocytosine on Naegleria fowleri, Naegleria australiensis, and Naegleria australiensis s.sp. italica. AB - We tested in vitro amphotericin B (AMP-B), econazole (ECO), and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) on pathogenic Naegleria fowleri (KUL strain), Naegleria australiensis s.sp. italica (AB-T-F3, original strain) to assess their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic compounds. Previous reports have shown the polyene antibiotic AMP-B to be the most active agent. It was, however, much more active on N. fowleri than on N. australiensis and N. australiensis s.sp italica. 5-FC and ECO gave rise to non appreciable effect at non-toxic corresponding dosages in vivo. The results of these in vitro tests are discussed. PMID- 3216794 TI - Molecular relationship among fosfomycin-resistant plasmids and clinical impact of fosfomycin resistance. AB - We have been carrying out a surveillance programme on plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance in our community over the last decade and have isolated and characterized several varieties of conjugative plasmids from different enterobacteriae. In this work we show that seven varieties of plasmids are related with the Inc M group, and carry the same For determinant which encodes a modifying enzyme. The comparative study on their R-phenotype, restriction analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization showed different degrees of molecular relationship among them. The spread of For-plasmids as well as the fosfomycin resistance by other mechanisms seems to be low in spite of the great For-plasmid diversity found. PMID- 3216795 TI - The ability by different preparations of porcine parvovirus to enhance humoral immunity in swine and guinea pigs. AB - The capacity of different preparations of inactivated porcine parvovirus to stimulate antibody response was studied. The adjuvants chosen were aluminium hydroxide gel [Al(OH)3, 30-50%], water-in-mineral-oil emulsion (w/Mo, 50%) alone or combined with Al(OH)3, and two synthetic products known as dimethyldioctadecylammoniumbromide (DDA, 0.16%) and an acrylic acid polymer resin (Carbopol 934P, 0.02%) respectively. For each preparation, swine and guinea pigs devoid of antibody to porcine parvovirus were inoculated. Among all the preparations tested, two of them i.e. emulsified Al(OH)3 adsorbed antigen and Carbopol 934P emulsified virus, gave the most significant antibody response in animals, without any difference being noted in the behaviour of the two animal species. PMID- 3216796 TI - Bovine adenoviruses. VI. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to bovine adenovirus types belonging to subgroups I and II. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detection of antibodies against the officially recognized bovine adenoviruses (BAV). Soluble antigens of adenoviruses were extracted from bovine kidney (BAV-1 and BAV-3) or bovine testicle (BAV-4, -6, and -7) cell cultures, respectively. Presence of the major hexon antigen, known to be the most essential compound for serological cross-reactivity, was demonstrated on a discontinuous sodium-dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The relatively crude polypeptide preparations were coated onto microelisa plates and tested for specific reactivity with available type-specific antisera of calves. Plates coated with BAV-1 showed reactivity with antibodies against types 1 and 3, but did not react with hyperimmune serum against BAV-4. Soluble antigens of BAV-4 react to a high extent with homologous antiserum but did not cross-react with a hyperimmune serum against BAV-1. Both these hyperimmune sera had been prepared in colostrum-free calves. Several calf sera produced by cooperating researches in colostrum-free calves were tested for homologous and cross-reactivity. In addition, ELISA plates coated with BAV-4 were tested on 33 sera of conventionally reared calves, earlier infected experimentally with homologous BAV-4. ELISA titres correlated well in 28 of them with seroneutralization titres; in 5 other sera correlation was poor, but in no case to a degree which would have resulted in a dissenting diagnosis. The use of BAV types 1 and 4 as representatives of bovine adenovirus subgroup I and II will allow easy and economical surveillance of these frequently occurring antibodies in diagnostic laboratories. PMID- 3216797 TI - Salmonella serotypes isolated from gastroenteritis patients and healthy carriers in northern Italy. A twelve years retrospective study. AB - Salmonella serotypes isolated from 33,306 patients with acute gastroenteritis over a 12 years period (1975-1986) and Salmonella serotypes isolated from 19,381 healthy individuals in the last three years (1984-1986) are reported. The Salmonella serotypes isolated most frequently from gastroenteric patients are poorly represented among the serotypes present in healthy individuals. These data suggest that Salmonella serotypes involved in human pathology in the area examined are not of human origin and presumably arise from food animals. PMID- 3216798 TI - Partial characterisation of the inhibitory substances produced by Streptococcus oralis and related species. AB - The production of inhibitory substances was sought by deferred antagonism. Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis produced bactericidal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, but no detectable bacteriocin. Actinomycetes and Neisseria pharyngis were particularly susceptible to the lethal action of hydrogen peroxide. Streptococcus milleri produced bactericidal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocin-like substances. S. oralis strains were inhibited by the bacteriocin-like products of strains of Streptococcus bovis, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius. Inhibition was due neither to complete bacteriophage nor to fermentation end-products. Extracellular polysaccharides formed during growth could not protect sensitive strains from the effect of hydrogen peroxide or bacteriocin-like substances. PMID- 3216799 TI - Distribution of methicillin-resistance and of protein A among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different hosts. AB - The link between loss of protein A and methicillin-resistance, and the presence of both characters in relation to the hosts from which S. aureus strains have been isolated, was examined. The majority of methicillin-resistant strains lost protein A. Normal hosts were generally infected with methicillin-sensitive protein A positive strains, while in immunocompromised patients the finding of multiresistant-protein A deficient strains was more frequent. The importance of the host's immune system, together with the antibiotic pressure in selecting these mutants, is discussed. PMID- 3216801 TI - Cell surface charge of lactobacilli and enterococci isolated from pig small intestine as studied by free zone electrophoresis: a methodological study. AB - The net surface charge density, as revealed by electrophoretic mobility values, of fourteen strains of lactobacilli and two strains of enterococci isolated from the small intestine of pigs, was studied by a free zone electrophoretic technique in a rotating quartz electrophoresis tube. Most lactobacilli strains of low surface hydrophobicity (i.e. hydrophilic strains) showed high electrophoretic mobility values but no visible capsule, while most strains of intermediate and high surface hydrophobicity showed low mobility. Some strains, hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic, had mobility values equal or close to zero. Electrophoretic mobilities of strains of extremely high surface hydrophobicity were difficult to determine due to cell clumping during electrophoresis. These strains adhered best in vitro to isolated pig intestinal epithelial cells. Both enterococcal strains from pig showed high electrophoretic mobility values. In conclusion, a rapid, accurate and highly reproducible method is described for the determination of the net surface charge density of procaryotes. High electrophoretic mobility of hydrophilic strains suggests surface accumulation of highly negative charged surface polymers such as capsule or slime material. However, none of the porcine strains showed visible capsule, as did the hydrophilic laboratory strain Lactobacillus casei NCTC 10302. Electrophoretic methods have a great potential in studies of adhesion mechanisms of bacteria to different surfaces as well as isolation of capsule variants within a heterogenous bacterial population. PMID- 3216800 TI - Isolation of enterobacteria from diarrhoeic West African dwarf goats. AB - An investigation was undertaken to determine Enterobacteriaceae from faecal swabs of West African dwarf goats suffering from diarrhoea in the Nsukka area of Anambra State, Nigeria. In one academic year a total of 37 enteric bacteria were successfully recovered aseptically from 35 faecal swabs from caprine species. The predominant enterobacteria pathogens isolated from diarrhoeic goats and their relative percentage frequency of isolation were: 27 Escherichia (73%), 7 Proteus (19%) and 3 Shigella (8%). Of the total isolates 73% were Escherichia coli, 13% were Proteus morgani, 3% Proteus mirabilis, 3% Proteus vulgaris and 8% Shigella sonnei. Further work is required to elucidate the precise aetiologic role of these organisms in the pathogenesis of caprine diarrhoea in West African dwarf goats. PMID- 3216802 TI - Doctors and the Blues: real changes must come about. PMID- 3216803 TI - Michigan malpractice premiums worse than they appear. PMID- 3216804 TI - MSMS liaison committee is making strides with the Blues. PMID- 3216805 TI - BCBSM puts financial house in order. PMID- 3216806 TI - The Blues' reimbursement system. PMID- 3216807 TI - An explanation of the Blues' utilization review process. PMID- 3216809 TI - Michigan physicians' insurance rates highest in Great Lakes area. PMID- 3216808 TI - Possible changes ahead in BCBSM appeals process. PMID- 3216810 TI - Doctors! Wake up! PMID- 3216811 TI - Breaking into the "old boys" network. PMID- 3216812 TI - The way back. PMID- 3216813 TI - Reduced dietary protein content suppresses infection with Babesia microti. AB - The influence of acute dietary protein restriction on the development of Babesia microti infection in the mouse model was investigated. Female mice consuming a diet either devoid of protein or adequate with respect to protein were infected with B. microti-parasitized erythrocytes and sacrificed 7 days later. Absence of dietary protein resulted in a delay in the onset of infection and a significantly reduced peak parasitemia. Non-specific antibody responses to heterologous erythrocytes and specific anti-babesial antibody titers were impaired in mice consuming the protein-free diets, suggesting that the enhanced resistance to experimental babesiosis observed in protein-malnourished mice is not an antibody mediated phenomenon. In addition, protein-malnourished mice did not demonstrate significantly lower concentrations of the serum complement component, C3, which has been implicated as a participant in the invasion process of host erythrocytes by parasites. Serum C3 levels were significantly reduced in infected mice consuming both diets. The mechanism by which acute protein deprivation protects mice against lethal babesiosis remains to be determined. PMID- 3216816 TI - Metabolism of the TMA group of antigens during the growth cycle of mycobacteria. AB - The TMA (thermostable macromolecular antigens) group includes A60 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and A7 of M. leprae, active components of tuberculin and lepromin. We have previously described the purification and composition of A60, and its ability to elicit immune reactions of humoral and cellular type. In the present work, the intracellular and extracellular distribution and composition of A60 have been traced, as a function of the replication cycle, in static surface cultures of M. bovis. In exponentially-growing mycobacteria, most A60 was present in the cytoplasm and had a high protein/polysaccharide ratio: this ratio, as well as the level of cytoplasmic A60, decreased after cessation of cell proliferation. The A60 fraction located within the cell wall increased during the stationary phase, but its protein/polysaccharide ratio underwent minor changes. A release of cellular polypeptides and polysaccharides into the extracellular fluid occurred during the declining and lysing phases: a fraction of it was represented by A60. This explains the practice of old tuberculin preparation by autoclaving filtrates of autolysed mycobacterial cultures. The pattern of an A60-like antigen in shaken homogeneous cultures of M. smegmatis was similar (most antigen present in cytoplasm during growth, increase of the wall fraction in stationary phase, and extracellular release during the declining phase). PMID- 3216814 TI - Comparison of compact colony-forming activity and paracoagulation activity of strains of Staphylococcus aureus in serum and plasmas of various animals. AB - Using 20 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens, the compact colony-forming activity (CCFA) in serum-soft agar (SSA) in sera from various animals and the paracoagulation (PC) activity of the compact colony forming active substance (CCFAS) extracted from these strains were investigated. The results of this comparative study revealed that the CCFA and PC of S. aureus for sera from various animals in SSA were different, not only among different strains but also in the same strains. In addition, the effect of galactose and calcium ions on the PC activity of these strains in experiments employing human fibrinogen permitted the recognition of these groups of S. aureus strains. In one group, PC activity was decreased by galactose but unaffected by calcium ions, in the second group PC activity was unaffected by galactose but increased by calcium ions, while in the third group it was unaffected by both. These results suggest the possibility of heterogeneity of CCFA among different strains of S. aureus. PMID- 3216815 TI - Cytotoxic activity of monocytes against Toxoplasma gondii in acute, chronic and reactivated murine toxoplasmosis. AB - The phagocytic activity and cytotoxicity of peripheral blood monocytes (against toxoplasma tachyzoites) was studied in acute, chronic and reactivated toxoplasma infected Swiss albino mice. During acute infection, a low phagocytic activity was observed on the 4th day post infection (dpi) (P less than 0.01) and a low monocyte cytotoxicity was noticed after the 2nd dpi (P less than 0.01) which further decreased till the 8th dpi. In contrast, both the parameters were significantly increased during chronic infection. Increase in monocytic cytotoxicity was manifested on the 3rd dpi (P less than 0.001) whereas phagocytosis showed an increase on the 12th dpi (P less than 0.05). The reactivated group showed no change in both the parameters when compared with the control immunosuppressed group (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 3216817 TI - [Benign familial recurrent cholestasis (Summerskill-Walshe-Tygstrup syndrome)]. PMID- 3216818 TI - [Sympathectomy in causalagia pain caused by arteriovenous malformations of the upper extremity]. PMID- 3216819 TI - [Rare late manifestations of erythema migrans disease]. PMID- 3216820 TI - [Computerized tomography imaging of calcified arteriosclerosis of the vertebral artery]. PMID- 3216821 TI - [Cholera following Billroth II stomach resection]. PMID- 3216823 TI - [A rare complication of intraoperative liver puncture]. PMID- 3216822 TI - [Acute fatty liver in pregnancy]. PMID- 3216824 TI - [Anaerobic meningitis in brain abscess]. PMID- 3216825 TI - [Osteomyelitis caused by Pasteurella multocida following dog bite. Differential diagnostic considerations]. PMID- 3216826 TI - [Infusion hydrothorax as a sequel of malposition of an internal jugular vein catheter]. PMID- 3216827 TI - [Effect of prednisone administration in patients with newly-diagnosed insulin dependent diabetes]. PMID- 3216828 TI - [New findings on the metabolic effects of biguanides. In vitro and in vivo studies]. PMID- 3216829 TI - [Metabolic changes in the skeletal muscle of non-insulin-dependent diabetics]. PMID- 3216830 TI - [Risk factors associated with the development and clinical progression of diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 3216831 TI - [Metabolic effects of hyperglycemia in normal subjects and in type 1 and type 2 diabetics]. PMID- 3216832 TI - [Determination of salivary testosterone in women in menopause with epulides. Pathogenetic hypothesis]. PMID- 3216834 TI - [Traumatic myositis ossificans of the medial pterygoid muscle]. PMID- 3216833 TI - [The cytoskeleton in odontogenic tumors]. PMID- 3216835 TI - [ A rare case of primary osteomyelitis of the coronoid process]. PMID- 3216836 TI - [Traumatic lesions of the rectus lateralis muscle of the eye. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 3216838 TI - [Repositioning of the mandibular condyle after intervention for surgical remodeling]. PMID- 3216837 TI - [Visco-elastic characteristics of various posterior composite resins]. PMID- 3216839 TI - [Dental status in a group of Neapolitan school-age children]. PMID- 3216840 TI - [Nimesulide in oral surgery. Clinical experience in postoperative treatment]. PMID- 3216841 TI - [Prevention of the transmission of HIV infections in an odontosmatological environment. Study in a closed community]. PMID- 3216842 TI - [Malposition of the second mandibular molars. Problems with their preservation and corrective orthodontic therapy]. PMID- 3216843 TI - [Autograft of the germ of the lower third molar]. PMID- 3216845 TI - Dental students run geriatric study network. PMID- 3216844 TI - [Tissue response to a new collagen-based preparation (BC I)]. PMID- 3216846 TI - Multi-disciplinary library and information services in the health services? PMID- 3216847 TI - Innovating androgogy in a basic nursing course: an evaluation of the self directed independent study contract with basic nursing students. PMID- 3216848 TI - Changing nursing practice for more effective control of post operative pain through a staff initiated educational programme. PMID- 3216849 TI - Using a quality assurance model to evaluate ENB course 998: 'teaching and assessing in clinical practice'. PMID- 3216850 TI - A curriculum design for collaboration in basic nurse education. PMID- 3216851 TI - The student experience of undergraduate education: the relationship between academic and clinical learning environments. PMID- 3216853 TI - Library and information services for nurses. PMID- 3216852 TI - 'Brainstorming': a practical learning activity in nurse education. PMID- 3216854 TI - The chloroplast genome of the green alga Chlamydomonas moewusii: localization of protein-coding genes and transcriptionally active regions. AB - We have recently reported the map positions of the ribosomal RNA genes and 6 protein-coding genes on the 292 kbp Chlamydomonas moewusii chloroplast genome. In the present study we localized 12 additional protein-coding genes on this green algal genome as well as 5 of these genes on the 196 kbp C. reinhardtii chloroplast genome. The gene mapping data agree with previous reports indicating that these two algal genomes differ tremendously in their global sequence organization and bear little similarity to their land plant counterparts. Among the 18 protein-coding genes examined, atpA and atpF of C. moewusii constitute the unique set of closely linked genes which is shared with land plant chloroplast genomes. The important gene order differences between the C. moewusii and C. reinhardtii chloroplast DNAs led us to speculate that gene grouping into transcription units is less prevalent in green algal chloroplast genomes than in their land plant homologs. To gain an insight into the transcriptional organization of the C. moewusii chloroplast genome, we probed Northern blots of total cellular RNA with clones covering 85% of this genome. Most chloroplast DNA regions were found to produce simple transcript patterns with RNAs less than 3.5 kb in size. This may be interpreted as indicating that Chlamydomonas chloroplast genes are transcribed mainly as monocistronic RNAs or that the RNAs observed are processed forms of unstable polycistronic transcripts. PMID- 3216855 TI - Characterization of the fixABC region of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 and identification of a new nitrogen fixation gene. AB - The fast growing strain, Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571, isolated from stem nodules of the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata, can grow in the free-living state at the expense of molecular nitrogen. Five point mutants impaired in nitrogen fixation in the free-living state have been complemented by a plasmid containing the cloned fix-ABC region of strain ORS571. Genetic analysis of the mutants showed that one was impaired in fixC, one in fixA and the three others in a new gene, located upstream from fixA and designated nifO. Site-directed Tn5 mutagenesis was performed to obtain Tn5 insertions in fixB and fixC. The four genes are required for nitrogen fixation both in the free-living state and under symbiotic conditions. The nucleotide sequence of nifO was established. The gene is transcribed independently of fixA and does not correspond to fixX, recently identified in Rhizobium meliloti and R. leguminosarum. Biochemical analysis of the five point mutants showed that they synthesized normal amounts of nitrogenase components. It is unlikely that fixA, fixC and nifO are involved in electron transport to nitrogenase. FixC could be required for the formation of a functional nitrogenase component 2. PMID- 3216856 TI - DNA sequences required to induce localized conversion in Streptococcus pneumoniae transformation. AB - In pneumococcal transformation a particular point mutation belonging to the amiA locus is able markedly to enhance recombination frequency when crossed with any other markers of this gene. This results from a polarized conversion of the mutation towards the wild-type sequence. In this report, by site-directed oligonucleotide mutagenesis, we have generated a series of mutants showing various degrees of conversion. We have found that the substitution 5'-ATTCAT--- 5'-ATTAAT is a sufficient signal for localized conversion. Changing individual bases within this sequence results in decreased conversion frequencies to levels that depend on the mutation, suggesting that there is a family to related sequences which may act as a substrate for a conversion system. Moreover, the length over which this conversion occurs has been estimated to be 12 base pairs on the average. PMID- 3216857 TI - Cloning and comparative sequence analysis of the gene coding for isopenicillin N synthase in Streptomyces. AB - The genes coding for isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS) in Streptomyces jumonjinensis and S. lipmanii were isolated from recombinant phage lambda libraries using the S. clavuligerus IPNS gene as a heterologous probe. The S. jumonjinensis IPNS gene has an open reading frame coding for 329 amino acids, identical in size to that of the previously cloned S. clavuligerus IPNS gene. A partial nucleotide sequence was also determined for the S. lipmanii IPNS gene. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of all three streptomycete IPNS proteins shows that they exhibit more than 70% similarity, close to that found in comparisons among fungal IPNS proteins and significantly greater than that found, approximately 60%, between Streptomyces and fungal IPNS proteins. We conclude that procaryotic and eucaryotic IPNS genes are subgroups of a single family of microbial IPNS genes. Hybridization probes prepared from IPNS genes of the above streptomycete species were used to detect analogous genes in eight other strains that included both penicillin and cephalosporin producers and non-producers. Each producer strain responded with all three probes implying the presence of an IPNS gene. Surprisingly, several non-producer strains also responded with one or two of the probes. Our results suggest that IPNS-related genes may be more prevalent in Streptomyces than previously believed. PMID- 3216858 TI - Regulation of the estrogen receptor in MCF-7 cells by estradiol. AB - The role of estradiol in the regulation of its cognate receptor in MCF-7 cells was investigated in this study. After treatment with 10(-9) M estradiol, the level of receptor protein was measured using an enzymeimmunoassay. By 6 h, the receptor protein declined by about 60% from a level of approximately 3.6 to 1.2 fmol/micrograms DNA. The level of receptor remained suppressed for 24-48 h. Similar results were obtained with an estrogen receptor (ER) binding assay. The steady state level of ER mRNA was determined by an RNase protection assay. Estrogen treatment resulted in a maximum suppression of mRNA by 6 h. Receptor mRNA remained depressed for 48 h. Transcription run on experiments demonstrated a transient decrease of about 90% in ER transcription after 1 h. By 3-6 h transcription increased approximately 2-fold and remained elevated for at least 48 h. These data suggest that estrogen down-regulates ER mRNA by inhibition of ER gene transcription at early times and by a posttranscriptional effect on receptor mRNA at later times. PMID- 3216859 TI - Servomechanism of prolactin and progesterone in regulating uterine gene expression. AB - To investigate the interaction of PRL and progesterone in regulating uterine gene expression, we have quantitated the concentration of PRL receptor and of uteroglobin (UG) mRNA in the endometrium of rabbits of different ages and after treatment with different hormones. During uterine differentiation in 2- to 4-week old rabbits, a marked increase in unoccupied uterine PRL receptor number was observed, presumably increasing uterine sensitivity to PRL. Receptor values for 4 week old rabbits were comparable to values for sexually mature, estrous females, but were lower than in 5-day pseudopregnant (PSP) animals. When total PRL receptor was determined by Scatchard analysis after in vitro desaturation with MgCl2, PSP animals again expressed the highest receptor concentration with no changes in the dissociation constant (Kd) values. To determine whether progesterone regulates uterine PRL receptor, long term ovariectomized rabbits (greater than 12 weeks) were treated with various combinations of hormones, and unoccupied and total uterine PRL receptors were determined. Progesterone treatment resulted in the highest concentration of both unoccupied and total PRL receptor after desaturation and removal of anti-ovine PRL antibodies with MgCl2. The value for total uterine PRL receptor was equivalent to the value for mammary gland, and the Kd values (2-4 x 10(-10) M) were similar. Treatment of long term ovariectomized rabbits with progesterone, with or without estradiol, produced an increase (P less than 0.05) in the UG mRNA content, which also occurred in PSP animals. PRL alone had no effect on UG mRNA but PRL plus progesterone increased (P less than 0.05) UG mRNA in a dose-dependent manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216860 TI - Regulation of multiple basic fibroblast growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts by protein kinase C activators. AB - The human astrocytoma cell line U87-MG expressed two major basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) mRNA transcripts of 7.0 and 3.7 kilobase (kb), as well as several low abundance transcripts of lower mol wt (1.0-1.8 kb). The phorbol ester phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in the abundance of basic FGF mRNA transcripts. At a concentration of 1 microM, phorbol ester increased the level of both the 7.0 and 3.7 kb transcripts within 4 h, reached a plateau at 1.5- to 2.5-fold above control levels by 6 h and remained elevated for at least 12 h. When measured at 6 h after drug addition, the abundance of both 7.0 and 3.7 kb transcripts was maximally stimulated by 100 nM phorbol ester (EC50 = 10-20 nM). FGF mRNA levels were also stimulated to a similar extent by platelet-derived growth factor (0.15-5 U/ml) or the synthetic diacylglycerol analog 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-rac glycerol (1-300 nM) at doses which stimulated DNA synthesis in these cells. Neither (Bu)2cAMP (0.03-2 mM) nor A23187 (0.3-1000 nM) had any effect on FGF expression. When U87-MG cells were exposed to phorbol ester for 24 h several differences were observed: the dose response curve was shifted to the left (EC50 = 3-5 nM; maximum response at 10 nM phorbol ester) and the response of the 7.0 and 3.7 kb transcripts was attenuated at higher doses (100-1000 nM), perhaps reflecting down-regulation of protein kinase C by the phorbol ester.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216861 TI - Steroid hormone-dependent interaction of human progesterone receptor with its target enhancer element. AB - We investigated the requirement of steroid hormone for the specific binding of progesterone receptor to its cognate progesterone responsive element (PRE) in cell-free experiments. We prepared unfractionated nuclear extracts from human breast cancer (T47D) cells which are rich in progesterone receptors and used a gel retardation assay to monitor receptor-DNA complex formation. Exposure of receptor to either progesterone, R5020, or the antiprogestin RU38 486 in vivo or in vitro led to the formation of two protein-DNA complexes (1 and 2) which were not detected in nuclear extracts unexposed to hormone. Similar treatment with cortisol or estradiol failed to induce the formation of these complexes. The complexes were specific for PRE, since they could be competed efficiently in binding competition experiments by oligonucleotides containing PRE. A monoclonal antibody which recognizes both A and B forms of human progesterone receptor, interacted with both complexes 1 and 2 and shifted them to slower migrating forms. Another antibody which only recognizes the B form interacted with only complex 1 but not with complex 2, establishing that the complexes 1 and 2 were indeed formed by progesterone receptor forms B and A, respectively. We conclude from the above studies that in vivo or in vitro treatment of nuclear progesterone receptor with either progesterone or R5020 or RU38 486 alone can lead to detection of high affinity complexes formed between the PRE and the receptor present in unpurified nuclear extracts. PMID- 3216862 TI - Expression of messenger ribonucleic acids encoding a parathyroid hormone-like peptide in normal human and animal tissues with abnormal expression in human parathyroid adenomas. AB - A novel PTH-like peptide has recently been purified and cloned from human tumors associated with the syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. We surveyed the expression of mRNAs encoding this peptide in normal tissues by Northern analysis. One or more low abundance hybridizing transcripts was identified in poly(A)+ RNA prepared from human keratinocytes, thyroid, bone marrow, and fibroblasts, from bovine hypothalamus, pituitary, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, and adrenal medulla, and from rat brain, stomach mucosa, and fetal but not adult liver. One or more hybridizing transcripts was also identified in poly(A)+ RNA prepared from a number of established lines, including rat pituitary (GH4), rat pheochromocytoma (PC 12), human osteosarcoma (TE-85), and human medullary carcinoma (TT) cells. Northern analysis of mRNAs from abnormal human parathyroid tissue revealed an overexpression of transcripts for the PTH-like peptide which appeared to be specific for adenomatous or autonomous glands. These findings suggest that the PTH-like peptide is expressed in a number of endocrine and nonendocrine tissues, that it is developmentally expressed in at least one tissue (fetal liver), and that the regulation of its expression is abnormal in human parathyroid adenomas. PMID- 3216863 TI - Recombinant expression and characterization of human activin A. AB - Activin, which stimulates the secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary cells, is a dimer of the beta-subunits of inhibin. Two species of activin (A and AB) have been purified from ovarian follicular fluid and characterized. We have been able to biosynthetically produce recombinant human activin A by constructing stable cell lines expressing the mRNA for the beta A subunit of human inhibin. These cell lines secreted a 24 kilodalton beta A dimer which stimulated FSH secretion in cultured pituitary cells. The ability of this protein to stimulate FSH secretion was sensitive to reduction of disulfide bonds, exhibited a slow onset of action, and was blocked by actinomycin D. In addition, recombinant activin A stimulated hemoglobin accumulation in K562 cells. These data show that recombinant activin A has the biochemical properties and biological activities that have been ascribed to native activin A. In addition, these results provide an independent confirmation, and thereby a final proof, of the structure and function of activin. PMID- 3216864 TI - Prenatal exposure of male mice to diethylstilbestrol alter the expression of the lactotransferrin gene in seminal vesicles. AB - We have previously isolated an estrogen-inducible secretory protein, lactotransferrin (LTF), and a cDNA to its messenger RNA from the uterus of mice. In this report we determined that the level of LTF mRNA is minimal in the seminal vesicles of normal mice. In contrast, expression of LTF mRNA in the seminal vesicles of developmentally estrogenized males was both constitutive and estrogen inducible. The results suggested that this alteration may be an example of atypical gene expression after hormonal manipulation early in development. PMID- 3216865 TI - Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor expression: evidence for transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms. AB - The mechanism of ligand-induced (homologous) down-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been studied. Dexamethasone caused a down regulation of the levels of GR mRNA and protein both in hepatoma tissue culture cells and rat liver in vivo. The decrease in the level of rat liver GR mRNA was due to a reduced transcription rate of the GR gene, as assessed by nuclear run-on transcription experiments. The half-life of GR mRNA in hepatoma tissue culture cells was determined to be approximately 4.5 h and was unaffected by dexamethasone. In addition to the transcriptional regulation of GR gene expression, a dexamethasone-dependent posttranslational modification in the rate of GR protein turnover was observed. In the absence of dexamethasone, GR protein half life was approximately 25 h whereas it decreased to approximately 11 h in the presence of hormone. Down-regulation of GR protein occurred with a 6- to 24-h delay as compared to the decline in GR mRNA. This is most likely due to the differences in half-lives of GR mRNA and protein, respectively. Our results suggest that auto-regulation of GR by its cognate ligand is complex and occurs at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels. PMID- 3216866 TI - The human androgen receptor: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning, sequence analysis and gene expression in prostate. AB - Androgenic hormones mediate their effects on male sex differentiation and development through a high affinity receptor protein. We report here cloning of the complete coding sequence of the human androgen receptor (hAR). By sequence homology hAR is a member of the nuclear receptor family, with closest sequence identity to the progesterone, mineralocorticoid, and glucocorticoid receptors. Regions of highest homology include the DNA-binding domain and a small region within the hydrophobic ligand-binding domain. Comparison of the deduced 919 amino acid sequence of hAR (98,999 mol wt) to the 902 amino acid sequence of rat AR (98,227 mol wt) reveals identical sequences in the DNA- and hormone-binding domains, with an overall homology of 85%. In human prostate, the major androgen receptor mRNA species is 10 kilobases while a less abundant mRNA is approximately 7 kilobases. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were raised against a synthetic peptide from the N-terminal region of hAR. Immunocytochemical analysis of human prostate tissue demonstrated that AR is localized predominantly in nuclei of glandular epithelial cells. PMID- 3216868 TI - Sequences downstream of the glucocorticoid regulatory element mediate cycloheximide inhibition of steroid induced expression from the rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein promoter: evidence for a labile transcription factor. AB - The glucocorticoid induction of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) RNA in rat hepatoma cells is diminished by inhibiting protein synthesis. We now show that the AGP 5'-flanking region contains a DNA sequence (position -121 to -107), exhibiting a high degree of homology to the glucocorticoid regulatory element (GRE) consensus sequence ACAXXXTGTTCT, which serves to specifically bind purified rat glucocorticoid receptor in vitro. A 15 base pair oligonucleotide representing the AGP GRE confers glucocorticoid responsiveness on a heterologous promoter; such regulation is not diminished by concurrent inhibition of protein synthesis. However, inclusion of the AGP sequences immediately downstream of the AGP GRE (position -106 to -42) renders the hormonal induction sensitive to inhibition of protein synthesis. Furthermore, inclusion of these downstream sequences results in a more pronounced induction mediated by the AGP GRE. In vitro DNase-1 treatment using nuclear extracts prepared from HTC hepatoma cells generate footprints that indicate the presence of DNA-protein interactions spanning the region from -110 to -68 of the AGP gene. We propose that one or more labile factors acting within this domain, immediately downstream of the GRE, is required for efficient transcription at the AGP promoter. PMID- 3216867 TI - The rat androgen receptor: primary structure, autoregulation of its messenger ribonucleic acid, and immunocytochemical localization of the receptor protein. AB - A composite androgen receptor DNA sequence 4,181 base pairs in length was determined from three cDNA clones isolated from a rat epididymal bacteriophage lambda gt11 library. An open reading frame of 902 amino acids encodes a protein of 98,227 mol wt. Structural domains characteristic of the steroid receptor family include an amino-terminal region with five repeated amino acid motifs, a central DNA-binding domain homologous with other steroid receptors, and a carboxyl-terminal steroid-binding region. A receptor cDNA probe used in Northern blot analysis hybridized with a predominant 10-kilobase androgen receptor mRNA in male reproductive tissues of the rat. Autoregulation of androgen receptor mRNA was indicated in rat ventral prostate by an increase in the level of 10-kilobase mRNA after castration and suppression of receptor mRNA upon androgen restimulation. A 15 amino acid peptide with sequence derived from the deduced androgen receptor sequence was synthesized and used as immunogen in raising receptor antibodies in rabbits. Antisera reacted with high titer against the synthetic peptide by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and against the native [3H]dihydrotestosterone-labeled androgen receptor as evidenced by an increase in receptor sedimentation rate determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Immunocytochemical staining localized the androgen receptor to epithelial cell nuclei in rat ventral prostate. PMID- 3216869 TI - Functional analysis of the interaction of a tissue-specific factor with an upstream enhancer element of the rat prolactin gene. AB - A nuclear factor which binds to an upstream element of the rat PRL gene has been identified and the functional properties of the factor-DNA interaction have been assessed by mutagenesis of the factor binding sites. Gel mobility shift assays have been used to identify a factor which binds to a fragment from the -1712 to 1494 region of the rat PRL gene. The DNA binding factor is present in nuclear extracts from PRL-producing GH3 cells, but not in nuclear extracts from several other cell lines. Although previous studies have shown that the estrogen receptor binds to this region of DNA, chromatography on heparin-agarose demonstrated that the factor detected by mobility shift assay is probably not the estrogen receptor. Nuclease protection experiments demonstrate that the factor binds to a discrete region at positions -1666 to -1652. The protected region includes half of a palindrome, TCATTAT ... ATAATGA. Mutagenesis by T to G transversions of either both halves of this symmetrical sequence, or only the upstream portion shown to interact with the factor substantially reduced factor binding as assessed by gel mobility shift assay. Transfer of fusion genes containing this region of DNA into GH3 cells demonstrated that the -1712 to -1494 region has a basal enhancer activity which is reduced severalfold by T to G mutagenesis of the complete dyad symmetry at positions -1665 to -1644. The results suggest that the 1712 to -1494 region of the rat PRL gene contains two relatively independent elements. One element, located at positions -1582 to -1569, interacts with the estrogen receptor and mediates estrogenic stimulation of transcription.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216870 TI - Jacalin: chaos in its immunoglobulin-binding specificity. PMID- 3216871 TI - (1----5)-linked beta-D-galactofuranosides are immunodominant in extracellular polysaccharides of Penicillium and Aspergillus species. AB - Aspergillus and Penicillium species produce extracellular polysaccharides which are immunologically active. Methyl beta-D-galactofuranoside interferes with the reaction between the polysaccharide antigens and the antibodies raised in rabbits. Of the different interlinked dimers of beta-D-galactofuranosides (1--- 2; 1----3; 1----5; 1----6) the (1----5) interlinked beta-D-galactofuranoside gave the highest inhibition. An increasing inhibitory effect of di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and heptamer of (1----5) interlinked beta-D-galactofuranosides was observed. It was noticed that the penta-, hexa- and heptamer of (1----5) interlinked beta-D-galactofuranosides were able to link antibodies raised against the extracellular polysaccharides produced by Penicillium species. The tetramer molecule was able to neutralize the binding of antibodies, which are naturally present in human sera, to the polysaccharides produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species. PMID- 3216872 TI - Immunochemical studies of polyspecific natural autoantibodies: charge, lipid reactivity, Fab'2 fragments activity and complement fixation. AB - Polyspecific natural autoantibodies (NAAb) are antibodies present in normal unimmunized animals and are able to react with very dissimilar antigens (Ag). To better delineate the characteristics of polyspecificity, we subjected monoclonal NAAb to four different immunochemical studies: (1) Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis performed on eight NAAb did not reveal any obvious relationship between charge and antigen specificities; (2) NAAb widely polyspecific on proteins and nucleic acid were reactive with lipids bearing either phosphate, sulfate or carboxyl polar groups; (3) pepsin digestion of polyspecific IgM NAAb yielded Fab'2 fragments which maintained their multireactivities, but exhibited a decrease in reactivity as compared to that seen with monospecific mAb (induced); (4) two different assays were used to analyse the complement fixation ability of IgM NAAb. While very weak or no complement fixation was observed with a classical complement fixation test (fluid phase), when a complement enzyme immunoassay was used where Ag is immobilized on a solid phase, polyspecific NAAb fixed reproducible and easily detectable amounts of complement. PMID- 3216873 TI - Production of monoclonal antibody against electrophoretically purified RNA polymerase II subunits using in vitro immunization. AB - A procedure has been developed for the production of MAb against weakly immunogenic subunits of a multisubunit enzyme. This procedure takes into account the problems of insufficient antigen, single epitope immunodominance and the difficulty of mapping non-sequential determinants. Small quantities of mammalian RNA polymerase II subunits were purified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were used to immunize splenocytes in vitro. After fusion with plasmacytoma cells, the hybrid cells were cloned and screened by ELISA utilizing native RNA polymerase II. This procedure is biased towards the production of MAb directed against sequential epitopes accessible on the native enzyme. Monoclonal antibodies, produced by in vitro immunization, were shown to be useful in protein transblot analyses, to inhibit enzyme activity in vitro and to have binding affinities comparable with MAbs produced by in vivo immunization. PMID- 3216874 TI - Dermatophytes and swimming pools: seasonal fluctuations. PMID- 3216875 TI - Chemotherapeutic activity in a mouse model of cryptococcosis with cutaneous and nasal involvement. PMID- 3216876 TI - Antibiotic production as a typing tool for the dermatophytes. PMID- 3216877 TI - [A guide for the determination of resistance to antimycotics]. PMID- 3216878 TI - Malassezia intertrigo, a new clinical entity. PMID- 3216879 TI - Experimental zygomycosis due to Rhizopus spp. infection by various routes in guinea-pigs, rats and mice. PMID- 3216880 TI - Tioconazole in the treatment of vaginal candidosis. PMID- 3216881 TI - Mycoflora and mycotoxins of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds in Egypt. III. Cellulose-decomposing and mycotoxin-producing fungi. AB - From 40 peanut seed samples collected in Egypt, forty-three species and one variety of fungi, belonging to 16 genera, were collected. The most dominant genera were Aspergillus (11 species + one variety), Penicillium (11 species) and Fusarium (4 species). From the preceding genera A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, P. chrysogenum and F. oxysporum were the most frequent species. Forty-nine isolates belonging to 12 species and one variety were tested for production of mycotoxins, after growth on liquid medium containing two carbon sources (sucrose or cellulose). Thin layer chromatographic analysis revealed that the quality and quantity of mycotoxins was higher on sucrose than cellulose. Mycotoxins identified were aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 & G2, citrinin; fumagillin; diacetoxyscirpenol T-2 toxin; satratoxin H; and zearalenone. PMID- 3216882 TI - Fungal infections of ear with special reference to chronic suppurative otitis media. AB - Fungus were found to take important role in ear infections of the 344 patients (CSOM 286, Otomycosis 44, Otitis externa 14), significant fungal infections (with positive smear and culture) were detected on 49%, 79.5%, 66.6% patients respectively. 84.8% patients were detected both by smear and culture, 14.1% patients by culture and 0.1% patients in smear preparation only. In CSOM patients, age predominated in 20-27 yrs group, sex in male below 30 yrs, and Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium, A. fumigatus in mycelial fungus, Candida albicans, C. parapsillosis in yeast. But in 18 post antibiotic fungus infected patients Penicillium and A. niger were the important isolates. In otomycosis and otitis externa patients A. niger took the main role. PMID- 3216884 TI - Pure endowment or unit trust? PMID- 3216883 TI - A method to obtain rapid zoosporogenesis of Pythium insidiosum. AB - Nine strains of Pythium insidiosum the etiologic agent of pythiosis, were inoculated on 2% water agar plus grass blades and then incubated one day at 25 degrees C, 35 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Sporangium and secondary biflagellate type zoosporas from the parasitized grass blades were noticed in induction medium after one hour of incubation at 35 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The number of sporangia and zoospores were lower at 25 degrees C, than 35 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Increasing the days of incubation of the parasitized grass blades resulted in the increase in the time of incubation in the induction medium. Corn meal agar, Schmitthenner medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar were also tested but the sporangium and zoosporas were always observed after five hours of incubation in induction medium. PMID- 3216885 TI - [Child abuse]. PMID- 3216887 TI - Congenital heart abnormalities. PMID- 3216886 TI - Sex counselling of the male adolescent. Part 3. Clinical conditions in the sexually active male. PMID- 3216888 TI - Home from hospital--and now what? PMID- 3216889 TI - Community-based health care. PMID- 3216890 TI - [Communication pitfalls in nursing]. PMID- 3216891 TI - But she's just a student nurse. PMID- 3216892 TI - In pharmacy nursing--a dynamic new field. PMID- 3216893 TI - Guidelines for the application of disinfectants in wound care. PMID- 3216894 TI - The 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT1D receptor subtype is negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase in calf substantia nigra. AB - 1) The possibility was explored that the recently defined 5-HT1D binding sites could be negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase in calf substantia nigra. 2) 5 HT inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in a concentration dependent manner (EC50 value = 24.0 nmol/l, Emax = 22.7% inhibition) in the presence of GTP (10 mumol/l), which was required for this inhibitory effect. 3) The following 5-HT receptor agonists inhibited adenylate cyclase activity (in decreasing order of potency): 5-carboxamidotryptamine greater than 5-HT greater than 5-methoxytryptamine greater than 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4 pyridinyl)-1H indole (RU 24969) greater than or equal to N,N-dipropyl-5 carboxamidotryptamine greater than 8-hydroxy-2(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH DPAT) greater than buspirone greater than ipsapirone; the latter two compounds apparently behaved as partial agonists. 4) Other compounds displaying agonist activity in this system were: metergoline greater than methysergide greater than or equal to rauwolscine greater than or equal to cyanopindolol greater than or equal to yohimbine greater than (+/-)-4(3-tert-butyl-amino-2-hydroxypropoxy) indol-2 carbonic acid isopropylester (21-009) greater than corynanthine. 5) Methiothepin, mianserin and spiperone displaced the concentration-effect curve of 5-HT to the right without depressing the Emax value. The same held true for the partial agonists ipsapirone, buspirone and corynanthine. 6) The rank order of potency of agonists as well as of antagonists in this system was in full agreement with their affinities at 5-HT1D binding site. A highly significant correlation was found between both parameters (r = 0.94, P = 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216895 TI - Stereoselectivity of noradrenaline uptake into synaptic vesicles of the rat brain. AB - To investigate the stereoselectivity of the ATP-Mg2+-dependent uptake of noradrenaline, synaptic vesicles were isolated from the rat brain by differential centrifugation and incubated with 3H-(+/-)-, 3H-(-)- or 14C-(+)-noradrenaline in the absence and in the presence of ATP-Mg2+. The Km values of the ATP-Mg2+ dependent uptake were found to be different for the two isomers (mumol/l): 3H-(+/ )-noradrenaline 14.9 +/- 2.2 x 10(-1), 3H-(-)-noradrenaline 7.7 +/- 0.5 x 10(-1), 14C-(+)-noradrenaline 17.3 +/- 3.7 x 10(-1), whereas the Vmax of the racemate was identical with those of the two isomers (pmol/mg protein/min): 3H-(+/-) noradrenaline 5.5 +/- 0.4, 3H-(-)-noradrenaline 4.9 +/- 0.1, 14C-(+) noradrenaline 5.1 +/- 0.4. Moreover, (+)-noradrenaline inhibited competitively the ATP-Mg2+-dependent uptake of 3H-(+/-)-noradrenaline (Ki 19.2 +/- 1.0 x 10(-1) mumol/l) and 3H-(-)-noradrenaline (Ki 17.7 +/- 1.8 x 10(-1) mumol/l), the Ki values being nearly identical with the Km of the ATP-Mg2+-dependent uptake of 14C (+)-noradrenaline. It is concluded that the ATP Mg2+-dependent uptake of noradrenaline into synaptic vesicles of the rat brain is stereoselective and that both isomers share the same transport system. PMID- 3216896 TI - Inhibition of neuronal noradrenaline uptake (uptake1) and desipramine binding by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). AB - The inhibition of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) of uptake1 and desipramine binding was studied on clonal rat phaeochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) in different experimental settings: (1) 3H-noradrenaline uptake into intact PC12 cells; (2) 3H noradrenaline uptake into isolated PC12 plasma membrane vesicles; (3) 3H desipramine binding to isolated PC12 plasma membrane vesicles. In plasma membrane vesicles, NEM inhibited 3H-desipramine binding and 3H-noradrenaline uptake with similar potency (the IC50's were 1.36 mmol/l and 1.04 mmol/l, respectively). However, in intact cells, NEM was about 75 times more potent in inhibiting 3H noradrenaline uptake (IC50 = 0.014 mmol/l). The increased potency of NEM in intact cells is probably due to an inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase and not to a direct interaction with the noradrenaline carrier. The inactivation by NEM of 3H desipramine binding to PC12 plasma membrane vesicles was irreversible. Both an inhibitor (cocaine, 1 mmol/l) and a substrate of uptake1 (amezinium, 1 mmol/l) protected desipramine binding from inactivation. These results are compatible with the hypothesis of a common binding site for substrates and inhibitors of the neuronal noradrenaline carrier. PMID- 3216898 TI - Role of sodium ions in angiotensin tachyphylaxis in the guinea-pig ileum and taenia coli. AB - We have examined the responsiveness of the guinea-pig ileum and taenia coli to angiotensin (ANG) analogues that were previously shown to be either able ([1 sarcosine]-ANG, Sar1-ANG) or unable ([2-lysine]-ANG, Lys2-ANG) to induce tachyphylaxis in the ileum. The taenia coli, in which tachyphylaxis had not been previously shown to occur, was strongly tachyphylactic to Sar1-ANG, but not to Lys2-ANG. The contractile responses of the ileum, as well as the contractile and electrical (sucrose-gap) events in the taenia coli, in response to the two ANG analogues, were used to investigate the tachyphylactic phenomenon and the role of Na+ in the manifestation. Relaxation of the ileum and repolarizations of the taenia coli were faster after treatment with Lys2-ANG than after Sar1-ANG. In the tachyphylactic state, relaxation and repolarization after Sar1-ANG became as fast as after Lys2-ANG. In "low-Na+" (80 mmol/l) medium, as well as in ouabain-treated preparations, the responses of the ileum to ANG analogues were similar to those of tissues in the tachyphylactic state. Addition of Ca2+ to taenia coli preparations previously treated with the two ANG analogues in Ca2+-free medium, caused contractile and electrical responses only in the case of Sar1-ANG. It is proposed that ANG tachyphylaxis is due to changes at the level of the receptor causing increased Na+ permeability which leads to a decreased Na+ gradient across the cell membrane. PMID- 3216897 TI - Dependence and cross-dependence in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus. AB - Chronic activation of opioid receptors results in the development of tolerance and dependence. Tolerance may be confined to a single receptor type and thus has been termed "selective tolerance". The present investigation reveals that prolonged activation of an inhibitory acting receptor type not only results in dependence associated with this receptor but also brings about cross-dependence. Cross-dependence involves both opioid receptors as well as nonopioid receptors, e.g. adrenoceptors. The experimental design employed did not permit conclusions to be drawn about whether those receptors exhibiting cross-dependence also developed tolerance. Regardless of the receptors and their specific subsequent transduction systems, all the receptors which showed dependence and cross dependence proved sensitive to pertussis toxin, suggesting a critical function of GTP-binding proteins for the development of not only opioid dependence but also for drug dependence in general. Since multiple transmitter receptors may converge on the same ion channel, the concept of "convergent dependences" may be linked to GTP-binding proteins. However, no conclusions can be drawn with regard to the precise biochemical mechanisms underlying dependence. PMID- 3216899 TI - GABAergic modulation of D-1 dopamine receptor-mediated 3H-acetylcholine release from rabbit retina. AB - Dopamine evokes calcium-dependent release of 3H-acetylcholine from superfused rabbit retina labeled in vitro with 3H-choline, through activation of a D-1 dopamine receptor. This study investigates the activation of this receptor by endogenous dopamine and the modulation of the spontaneous and dopamine-evoked release of 3H-acetylcholine from rabbit retina labeled with 3H-choline by GABAergic agonists and antagonists. Endogenous dopamine, released from dopaminergic amacrine neurons by the indirect amines tyramine or D-amphetamine evoked the calcium-dependent release of 3H-acetylcholine from rabbit retina. The release of 3H-acetylcholine elicited by tyramine (10 microM) or D-amphetamine (10 microM) was attenuated by the selective D-1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0.1 microM) and by the dopamine uptake inhibitor nomifensine (3 microM). At concentrations of 1 mM and 1 microM respectively, GABA and muscimol inhibited the spontaneous release of tritium from rabbit retina labeled in vitro with 3H-choline. Picrotoxin and bicuculline (10 microM) increased the spontaneous release of tritium. GABA and the GABA agonist muscimol (0.01-100 microM) inhibited in a concentration dependent manner the release of 3H-acetylcholine elicited by 100 microM dopamine with IC50 values of 4.5 microM and 0.02 microM respectively. The inhibition of dopamine-evoked 3H-acetylcholine release by GABA (10 microM) and muscimol (0.1 microM) was antagonized by the GABA antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin. Picrotoxin and bicuculline (10 microM) increased the spontaneous release of tritium, and potentiated the release of 3H-acetylcholine evoked by 100 microM dopamine consistent with a tonic, inhibitory GABAergic input to the cholinergic amacrine neurons in rabbit retina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216900 TI - Changes in the central GABAergic system after acute treatment with corticosterone. AB - The acute effects of corticosterone (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) upon the GABAergic system have been investigated. While no changes were detected after treatment with corticosterone 0.5 mg/kg, the administration of 1 mg/kg lowered the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (29%) in the mediobasal hypothalamus either 30 or 60 min after injection in both young (3-4 weeks old) and adult (7-8 weeks old) rats. No changes were found in the frontal cerebral cortex. Only in young rats did the administration of corticosterone (1 mg/kg, 30 min) reduced GABA levels in the corpus striatum (34%). In young rats this dose of corticosterone: 1. did not affect the activity of the enzymes of the metabolism of GABA (GAD and GABA-T); 2. reduced neuronal 3H-GABA uptake in the corpus striatum (30%) and in the mediobasal hypothalamus (46%), and increased it in the frontal cortex (2-fold); 3. enhanced the turnover of GABA (2-fold) in the corpus striatum. These values were unaffected by 0.5 mg/kg. Corticosterone 0.5 and 1 mg/kg did not alter non neuronal 3H-GABA uptake. These findings show an area-related and age- and dose dependent response of the GABAergic pathways to acute corticosterone treatment. This is discussed in relation to the age-related sensitivity to the environmental stimuli which cause this release of corticosteroids. The stimulation of GABAergic function which occurs mainly in the corpus striatum as estimated from the increase in its turnover may be related to the postulated anticonvulsant role of corticosteroids. PMID- 3216902 TI - Concomitant occurrence of hyperparathyroidism and myxedema. PMID- 3216901 TI - 2-Chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine: a highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors. AB - 2-Chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) was synthesized as a potential high affinity ligand for A1 adenosine receptors. Binding of [3H]PIA to A1 receptors of rat brain membranes was inhibited by CCPA with a Ki-value of 0.4 nM, compared to a Ki-value of 0.8 nM for the parent compound N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA). Binding of [3H]NECA to A2 receptors of rat striatal membranes was inhibited with a Ki-value of 3900 nM, demonstrating an almost 10,000-fold A1-selectivity of CCPA. CCPA inhibited the activity of rat fat cell membrane adenylate cyclase, a model for the A1 receptor, with an IC50-value of 33 nM, and it stimulated the adenylate cyclase activity of human platelet membranes with an EC50-value of 3500 nM. The more than 100-fold A1-selectivity compares favourably with a 38-fold selectivity of CPA. Thus, CCPA is an agonist at A1 adenosine receptors with a 4 fold higher selectivity and 2-fold higher affinity than CPA, and a considerably higher selectivity than the standard A1 receptor agonist R-N6 phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA). CCPA represents the agonist with the highest selectivity for A1 receptors reported so far. PMID- 3216903 TI - Fate accompli. Rhododendron toxicity. PMID- 3216904 TI - Medical licensure application process. Strengths and weaknesses. PMID- 3216906 TI - On physician dispensing. PMID- 3216905 TI - Reimbursement and diabetes self-care programs in North Carolina. PMID- 3216907 TI - [Hereditary, what does it mean?]. PMID- 3216908 TI - [Clearance of drugs in disturbed liver function]. PMID- 3216909 TI - [Sexual abuse by caregivers]. PMID- 3216910 TI - [Desensitization in intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid]. PMID- 3216911 TI - [A cause of acute dyspnea: leukostasis]. PMID- 3216912 TI - [How often is 'allergy' really an allergy?]. PMID- 3216913 TI - [Antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use in urinary tract infections in 11 family practices in Maastricht]. PMID- 3216914 TI - [Infections of the parapharyngeal area as complication of a laryngitis]. PMID- 3216915 TI - [Pregnancy following early 'menopause']. PMID- 3216916 TI - [The letter of discharge]. PMID- 3216917 TI - [Phase I studies as non-therapeutic trials in oncology]. PMID- 3216918 TI - [The frequency of questions about nutrition during office consultation]. PMID- 3216919 TI - [Family physician reprimanded for interfering with judgment concerning a mentally handicapped subject]. PMID- 3216920 TI - [Addison crisis following administration of rifampicin in a patient with tuberculosis]. PMID- 3216921 TI - [Consensus diagnosis of atopic syndrome]. PMID- 3216922 TI - [Cystic fibrosis and abdominal pain]. PMID- 3216923 TI - [The disposable contact lens]. PMID- 3216924 TI - [The course of HIV infection and the effects of zidovudine]. PMID- 3216925 TI - [The role of surgical intervention in the treatment of patients with Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3216926 TI - [Cystic fibrosis in adults; lesions of the digestive tract]. PMID- 3216927 TI - Modification of the ionic environment in the tumor cell by hyperthermia. AB - Tumor cells submitted to hyperthermia (45 degrees C) showed changes in the ionic composition: Increased calcium and decreased potassium concentrations. These changes are likely to affect vital functions of the cell. The observed decrease in ATP concentration supports the hypothesis that hyperthermia affects the ATP dependent extrusion mechanism of the cell and, consequently, induces that ionic environment modification. Lactate production was also decreased by hyperthermia, a phenomenon that could be related to the fall in potassium concentration. The intracellular increase in Ca2-concentration during hyperthermia appears to support the earlier hypothesis on the role of Ca2+ in tumor inhibition by hyperthermia. PMID- 3216928 TI - Theoretical QSAR study on carcinogenic potency of N-nitrosamines. AB - A mechanistic QSAR study on N-nitrosamines (NA) was performed with the aid of the semiempirical MINDO/3 method. Both the chemical reactivity and the transport in biological medium were taken into account. The parent NA molecules and their first reaction intermediates in the metabolic activation pathway were examined for possible determinants of the relative carcinogenic potency. The correlations found support the previous suggestions concerning the metabolic C alpha radical hydroxylation of NA. The role of transport properties in the early stage of NA biotransformation was also demonstrated. PMID- 3216929 TI - Mechanisms of cancerogenesis inhibition. II. The aminophenols and their oxidation products. AB - The protective effect exerted by a series of aminophenols (12 compounds) against in vitro DNA interaction with (3H)benzo(a)pyrene activated by methylcholanthrene stimulated microsomes was determined. In agreement with theoretical calculations the inhibitory effectiveness of aminophenols was of the same order of magnitude (between 15-50% protection) as for the phenolic antioxidants. According to our previous findings, this protection is due to the inhibition of cytochrome P-450 dependent microsomal monooxygenases. However, most unexpectedly, it was also found that oxidation products of 4-aminophenol and 4-N-methylaminophenol are significantly more effective than their reduced precursors (protection greater than 95%). The structure of the inhibitory oxidation products of the aminophenols is unknown. However, indirect arguments suggest that some quinoneimines formed as reactive intermediates during the oxidation process could be responsible for this effect. A similar phenomenon was previously found for this effect. A similar phenomenon was previously found for the quinones--diphenols corresponding pairs. PMID- 3216930 TI - FAB classification of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: heterogeneity revealed on the basis of bone marrow findings. AB - We report on 12 patients who fulfilled the FAB diagnosis criteria of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Some clinical findings (splenomegaly) as well as biological parameters (WBC count, cellularity of bone marrow sections, presence of dyserythropoiesis in bone marrow smears) were subjected to particular analysis. This allowed the assignment of each patient onto one of three separate hematological syndromes: (1) RA or RAEB with monocytosis, (2) myelomonocytic dysplasia (a novel syndrome) and (3) true CMML. Such separation may have distinct prognostic significance and may, therefore, predict life expectancy. PMID- 3216931 TI - Cytogenetic study of chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - A total of 122 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were cytogenetically examined. At the first cytogenetic examination 68 of them were in chronic phase (CP) and 54 in blastic phase (BP) of the disease. The mean age of the whole group was 44.8 +/- 15.2 years. All patients included in this study were Ph-positive. In two of them constitutional chromosomal aberrations were ascertained. In two patients the standard Ph translocation was accompanied within onset of BP by a clone with complex translocation and in three patients Ph chromosome was found in mosaics with normal karyotype. Standard translocation t(9.22) (q34;q11) as the sole chromosomal abnormality was found in 17 (31%) patients in BP and in 47 (69%) of patients in CP. The most frequent additional abnormalities found were +8, i(17q), +Ph and their combination, and other nonrandom chromosomal changes. Clonal evolution was proved in 11 out of 24 serially examined patients during the progression of the disease. The analysis of relationship between prognosis of the disease and the results of cytogenetic examination revealed significant differences, and a more favorable course of the disease was observed for the group of patients in CP and with Ph chromosome as the sole chromosomal aberration. PMID- 3216932 TI - The cytotoxic effect of methotrexate as evaluated by colony-forming activity of hemopoietic and tumor cells. AB - The response of hemopoietic and/or lymphosarcoma cells to methotrexate has been investigated. The proliferative capacity of hemopoietic tissue was measured by exogenous CFU assay. It was inhibited by a six times lower amount of MTX than the proliferative activity of lymphosarcoma cells as evaluated by liver-colony assay. The natural resistance of LS/BL lymphosarcoma cells to MTX might be attributed to the DHFR gene amplification resulting from DNA rearrangements appearing during malignant transformation. PMID- 3216933 TI - An effective combined therapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: preoperative BVMM (bleomycin, vincristine, mitolactol plus methotrexate and leucovorin) chemotherapy followed by surgery. AB - Effects of preoperative chemotherapy with three courses of a combination of bleomycin, vincristine, mitolactol, prednisolone and methotrexate, with a leucovorin rescue, followed by surgery, were studied in 43 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral region. Prior to chemotherapy 32 patients (74%) had advanced T3 or T4 carcinomas whilst 11 patients had T2 lesions. All patients responded clinically to preoperative chemotherapy: 20 patients (46%) achieved clinically complete remission and 23 patients (54%) were judged as partial responders. Sideeffects of this combination chemotherapy were minimal and reversible. Between 15 and 22 days after the last course of chemotherapy the patients underwent surgery, after which 100% were judged to be disease-free. Wound healing complications did not occur. With a median follow-up of 23 months (range 8-45 months), 81% of patients are alive and 79% remain disease free. This combined therapy appears both safe and effective for advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. PMID- 3216935 TI - [Experience-related development of therapy concepts in anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 3216934 TI - Dibromdulcitol containing chemotherapeutic regimen in the treatment of childhood Hodgkin's disease. AB - Dibromdulcitol containing modified MOPP chemotherapeutic regimen plus radiotherapy were used in 58 children with Stage I-IV Hodgkin's disease diagnosed between 1975 and 1985 in Hungary. A remission rate of 93.1% and a 5-year relapse free survival of 89% was observed. Some latent hyperthyreoidism as late effect of the therapy, no growth disturbances and no adverse gonadal effects were seen until now. PMID- 3216936 TI - [The adult form of metachromatic leukodystrophy with a predominantly psychotic manifestation]. PMID- 3216937 TI - [Transsexualism as a symptom of personality disorder and its treatment]. PMID- 3216938 TI - [2 cases of psychosomatic symptom development in retinitis pigmentosa (retinopathia pigmentosa)]. PMID- 3216939 TI - [Increase in creatine phosphokinase in atypical early neuroleptic dyskinesia]. PMID- 3216940 TI - [Remarks on the so-called feeling of hysteria]. PMID- 3216941 TI - [Prognosis of renal vein thrombosis in the adult: influence of treatment]. AB - The medical histories of 27 patients with renal vein thrombosis were evaluated retrospectively. Short and long term evolution as well as prognostic factors were analysed. 24 of the patients were suffering from a nephrotic syndrome, 15 from renal failure. In the 20 biopsies performed we observed: 14 cases of extramembranous glomerulonephritis, 2 cases of minimal glomerular lesions, 3 cases of segmental focal glomerulosclerosis and 1 periarteritis nodosa. The renal vein thrombosis was bilateral (18), left (7) or right (2). In 7 patients this was associated with thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. 9 patients were treated with anticoagulants alone, 9 underwent thrombectomy, 7 were treated by thrombolysis and 2 received no treatment. Within the first six months 11 patients died as a result of complications due to hemorrhaging (5), septic infection (2) or embolism (1) and 3 patients died of undetermined causes. The progression of the remaining patients was followed up over a period of 6 months to 19 years. In 12 patients, the nephrotic syndrome regressed and renal function did not deteriorate in any of the cases. The main causes for poor prognosis are the existence of initial renal failure and glomerulonephritis which is not extramembranous. Since the evolution of the glomerulopathy does not appear to be affected by extramembranous glomerulonephritis, renal vein thrombosis associated with this complication should be treated with anticoagulants alone. The risk benefit ratio of thrombectomy leads us to conclude that this technique should be abandoned. Thrombolysis could be considered in cases where renal vein thrombosis is associated with acute renal failure. PMID- 3216942 TI - [Thallium-technetium scintigraphy for presurgical localization of parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia]. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the value of parathyroid Thallium 201 Technetium 99m scintigraphy in 45 patients with hyperplasia or parathyroid adenomas with or without associated thyroid abnormalities. The prevalence of parathyroid abnormalities found during examination was 42/45: 36 adenomas (35 patients) and 16 hyperplasias (7 patients). Seventeen patients (38%) had thyroid abnormalities. The sensitivity and specificity of the three image analysing methods (visual analysis, simple subtraction, sophisticated subtraction) were determined by assessing answers given by 3 observers. The population was divided into 6 groups: adenomas and hyperplasias with (group I, n = 42) or without (group II, n = 25) thyroid abnormalities, adenomas alone with (group III, n = 35) or without thyroid abnormalities (group IV, n = 22), hyperplasias alone with (group V, n = 7) or without thyroid abnormalities (group VI, n = 5). The highest overall sensitivity was obtained, whichever the group, by applying the sophisticated image subtraction technique; for any given method, the best results were observed in the group comprising adenomas alone, especially without associated thyroid abnormalities. On the other hand, in the groups comprising hyperplasias alone, sensitivity was low. This leads us to conclude that, together with ultrasonography, parathyroid scintigraphy is currently the best preoperative technique for localizing parathyroid adenomas, even in the presence of associated thyroid abnormalities. However this must be carried out in conjunction with a sophisticated image subtraction technique. PMID- 3216943 TI - [Renal disease associated with heroin abuse]. AB - Thirteen patients developed a renal disease after using heroin alone or in combination with other drugs, for a period of 3 to 12 years. Eleven were IV drug addicts, 2 were sniffers. Six patients had acute tubular necrosis, due to rhabdomyolysis in 5 and to prolonged gentamicin therapy for bacterial endocarditis in 1. Five patients manifested a nephrotic syndrome, and renal biopsy showed various types of glomerulonephritis (GN) without glomerular sclerosis. The two last patients had hypertension with intrarenal vascular lesions and HBsAg was present in their serum. Chronic hemodialysis and/or renal transplantation were required in 2 cases with GN; all other patients recovered normal serum creatinine. There was no specific pathologic picture of heroin abuse in this series. PMID- 3216944 TI - [A comparative approach to models of urea kinetics in hemodialysis treatment]. AB - The importance of mathematical modeling in dialysis arose recently as a consequence of the achievement of individualized treatment therapies. Two distinct models were used in our center, namely the urea kinetic model (UK) and the direct dialysis quantification (ddq), for the estimation of the urea distribution volume (V) and the urea generation rate (G). It turned out that, for the same patient, they provided us with different results. The basic hypotheses on which the two models rely are poorly described in the literature. The aim of this paper is an attempt to fill this gap and to show that the discrepancy observed between the two models is not surprising at all. The study also shows that from a theoretical viewpoint, ddq is more appropriate than UK for the estimation of V and G. The question of the intrinsic quality of ddq is not discussed here. PMID- 3216945 TI - [Complete deficiency in the C2 fraction of complement associated with a glomerular nephropathy: apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two patients with non-systemic idiopathic glomerulonephritis were found to have a complete deficiency of C2, the second component of complement; the clinical course and serological abnormalities are reported in detail. An immunogenetic analysis of the patients of two families was carried out. It was demonstrated that the homozygous C2 deficiency was associated with homozygosity for HLA-A25 B18-DR2-BfS-C4A4-C4B2 haplotype. PMID- 3216946 TI - Effects of anticonvulsants on cholinergic and GABAergic properties in the neuronal cell clone NG108-15. AB - The effects of anticonvulsant drugs on growth, cholinergic, and GABAergic properties were examined in the neuronal cell clone NG108-15. Cells were exposed for 4 days to valproic acid, phenobarbital, phenytoin, or carbamazepine in concentrations equivalent to therapeutic free levels in human serum. Experiments were also performed with varying concentrations of a recently proposed antiepileptic, gamma-vinyl GABA. Of these five anticonvulsants, cell growth (total protein and cell counts) was decreased with valproic acid and phenytoin but only valproic acid and gamma-vinyl GABA altered neurotransmitter markers. Therapeutic concentrations of valproic acid increased choline acetyltransferase activity to 142% of control but had no effect on either the activity of glutamate decarboxylase or the level of GABA. The effects of a higher (toxic) concentration of valproic acid (200 micrograms/ml) were similar to those induced by the differentiating agent dibutyryl cyclic AMP: both decreased cell growth, enhanced the activity of choline acetyltransferase and reduced the activity of glutamate decarboxylase. Gamma-vinyl GABA had no effect on cholinergic markers but, at 1300 micrograms/ml, increased GABA levels to 135% of control despite the reduction of glutamate decarboxylase to 68% of control. In the NG108-15 cell clone, anticonvulsants have varying effects on cell growth, differentiation, and neurotransmitter systems. Our findings do not support the proposal that the mechanism of action for valproic acid, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine is via alteration of GABA levels. PMID- 3216947 TI - Action of L-acetylcarnitine on age-dependent modifications of mitochondrial membrane proteins from rat cerebellum. AB - Protein patterns of mitochondrial outer membrane, inner membrane, and matrix from non-synaptic (free) mitochondria from rat cerebellum at different ages (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 months) were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Acute L acetylcarnitine treatment was performed by a single i.p. injection (100 mg/kg body weight) of the substance 60 min before the sacrifice of the animals. Different age-dependent changes were obtained for the proteins of the three fractions. The amount of some protein subunits increased and/or decreased after drug treatment. In particular, protein composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane showed significant age-related modifications. This result probably indicates differences in protein synthesis and/or turnover rates in the various mitochondrial compartments during aging. Acute L-acetylcarnitine treatment caused: a high increase in the amount of one inner membrane protein with Mw 16 kDa, at all the ages studied; a decrease in the amount of many other inner membrane proteins; modifications of some matrix proteins. Our results show that in vivo administration of L-acetylcarnitine affects mainly the inner membrane protein composition of cerebellar mitochondria. PMID- 3216948 TI - Amplification by glycine of the effect of the GABA transport inhibitor THPO on synaptosomal GABA level. AB - Mice were injected intramuscularly (2 mmol/kg) with the glia-selective GABA uptake inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-ol (THPO) 60 min prior to sacrifice, or with glycine (10 mmol/kg) 45 min before death, or with a combination of both. After decapitation of the animals, the brains were removed and synaptosomes prepared and analyzed for content of GABA, taurine, glutamine, serine, glutamate and aspartate. While no differences as compared with control animals were found for aspartate, serine and glutamine, synaptosomal GABA levels were increased significantly after injections with either THPO or glycine. The individual effects of THPO and glycine were found to be additive. Taurine levels were decreased to a similar extent in animals which had received either THPO alone or THPO in conjunction with glycine. Treatment with THPO and glycine in combination led to a decrease in the synaptosomal glutamate content. The findings are consistent with the previously observed synergistic anticonvulsant actions of THPO and glycine being mediated via the GABA neurotransmitter system. PMID- 3216949 TI - Effect of aminooxyacetic acid on the release of preloaded [3H]GABA and radioactive metabolites from slices of developing mouse brain. AB - The release of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its radioactive metabolites from slices of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striatum and brain stem of developing and adult mice was studied. The slices were incubated and superfused in the absence and presence of the GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T) inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA). Exposure to 100 microM AOAA totally inhibited GABA-T and all radioactivity released from slices was in authentic GABA. In studies on developing brain the 10-microM concentration was also effective enough, except in cerebellar slices. In the absence of AOAA the major part of radioactivity spontaneously released from slices of adult cerebral cortex and cerebellum was tritiated water and still about one third part in the presence of 10 microM AOAA. Potassium stimulation induced only the release of radioactive GABA but not labeled metabolites in both presence and absence of AOAA. AOAA reduced the stimulation-induced release of GABA. It is recommended that the use of GABA-T inhibitors should be discontinued in release experiments. Then labeled GABA must be separated in the effluents from its radioactive breakdown products. PMID- 3216950 TI - Cultured neonatal rat oligodendrocytes are enriched in acid hydrolase activities. AB - We measured the activity of several acid hydrolases in oligodendrocyte and mixed glial (predominantly astrocytic) cell cultures prepared from neonatal rat cerebra. When compared with the mixed glial cultures, the cultured oligodendrocytes exhibited higher levels for all the hydrolases when activities were normalized to protein content. When enzymic activities were examined as a function of DNA content, oligodendrocytic alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-D glucuronidase, arylsulfatase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were higher than in mixed glial cultures, whereas the activities of alpha-D-glucosidase, beta D-galactosidase and acid phosphatase were not elevated. These differences could not be accounted for by the fetal bovine serum present in the culture medium. The enrichment in acid hydrolase specific activities in the oligodendrocytes may be associated with a rapid turnover of at least some of the extensive myelin-like membrane formed by these cultured cells. Alternatively, the enrichment of acid hydrolase activity in the oligodendrocytes may be associated with intracellular vesicles of lysosomal origin which may play a role in myelin-like membrane assembly. Exactly which of the above two processes, or possible combinations thereof, is responsible for the present finding is not known. PMID- 3216951 TI - Regional distribution of monoamines in the nucleus accumbens of the rat. AB - Monoamine concentrations were low in the rostral area of the nucleus accumbens. Their distributions were not identical. Differences were observed in the medial area. DA concentrations were high in both medial and caudal areas. Noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) concentrations were considerably lower than the dopamine (DA) concentration. The NA concentration was highest in the caudal area of the nucleus accumbens and the (5-HT) concentration was highest in the ventrocaudal area. There was a rostrocaudal decrease in the 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/DA and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5 HIAA)/5-HT ratios. Uptake of [3H]DA and [14C]choline was lowest in the rostral area. The K+-stimulated release of [14C]acetylcholine (ACh) was also lowest rostrally, but there was no rostrocaudal difference in the K+-stimulated release of [3H]DA. These results provide further evidence of the heterogeneity of the nucleus accumbens. PMID- 3216952 TI - Kinetics of intraventricularly injected trace amines and their deuterated isotopomers. AB - Intraventricular injection into the rat brain of four trace amines and a catecholamine resulted in rapid exponential loss of the amines in the first 30 minutes after injection. The half-lives were: phenylethylamine 3.8 min, para tyramine 5.1 min, meta-tyramine 7.4 min and dopamine 8.0 min. Tryptamine showed a biphasic loss with half-lives of 4.7 min (over the 5 to 10 min period) and 14.1 min (10 to 30 min). The half-lives were substantially increased by deuterium labeling at the alpha carbon position: phenylethylamine 4.8 min, para-tyramine 8.8 min, meta-tyramine 14.1 min, dopamine 13.0 min and tryptamine 6.0 min (5 to 10 min period) and 28.7 min (10 to 20 min). The loss of the amines was reduced by monoamine oxidase inhibition by pargyline hydrochloride and the deuterium isotope effect was abolished. It is noteworthy that the half-life of dopamine was similar to those of the trace amines in this time period and that the trace amine half lives after i.v. injection was longer than those obtained from measurements of increases of concentrations of endogenous amines after MAOI in vivo and that of dopamine shorter than values calculated from turnover measurements. PMID- 3216953 TI - A method for parallel determination of choline acetyltransferase and muscarinic cholinergic receptors: application in aged-rat brain. AB - We have devised a method for the parallel determination of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mCh-R) in the same brain tissue. The method for CAT activity determination is more rapid, simplified, stable, and economical than the usual Fonnum's method. With our method, age-associated changes in CAT activity and mCh-R levels were examined. Although CAT activity hardly changed with age except in a few areas, mCh-R binding of aged-rats was markedly reduced in all areas. These results suggest that the change in mCh-R represents an age-associated biochemical change in the brain and that determination of CAT activity is not sufficient for the study of age-associated changes in the brain cholinergic system. PMID- 3216954 TI - A gas chromatographic method for the determination of inositol monophosphates in rat brain. AB - Regional levels of cerebral inositol-1-phosphate (Ins1P), an intermediate in phosphoinositide (PI) cycle, were readily detected with a new gas chromatographic (GC) method. GC analysis of trimethylsilyated Ins1P and myo-inositol-2-phosphate with a fused silica capillary SE-30 column and flame ionization detection was linear at picomolar range (pmol/microliter) with a sensitivity to a level of 2 pmol. Also, inositol monophosphates and glucose-6-phosphate are separated in unstimulated brain tissue. The mean recovery of the method is 98 +/- 5.2%. Ins1P levels were higher in frontal than in caudal regions in control brains. Lithium treatment increased the levels of Ins1P throughout the brain but mostly in frontal brain regions and in the hippocampus. The present GC assay to measure the accumulation of Ins1P, an index for the activity of PI signaling, may be suitable for exploring regional differences in cerebral receptor-coupled PI signalling in vivo. PMID- 3216957 TI - Characteristics of "reverse tolerance" to amphetamine-induced locomotor stimulation in mice. AB - The characteristics of chronically administered amphetamine on the locomotor and anticonvulsant effects were studied in adult CF-1 mice. The influence of dose of the drug and interdose interval on the development of "reverse tolerance" to the locomotor stimulation was investigated, in addition to the selectivity of the response and the persistence of the change in pharmacodynamics. Once-daily treatment with 6 mg/kg amphetamine for 4 weeks resulted in a 2-3 fold increase in locomotor activity. The increase in responsiveness, however, was limited to the first period of 2 weeks and there was no subsequent change in pharmacodynamics during the last 2 weeks of treatment. After 36 days of withdrawal, the response had not returned to that of control, illustrating the persistence of the effect. The results of varying the interdose interval indicated that "reverse tolerance" occurred even when the interval was as long as 14 days. These results represent additional evidence of the persistence of the phenomenon. Selectivity of the changes in the CNS was illustrated by the cross-reactivity with a motor-stimulant dose of cocaine but not with that of morphine. Selectivity was also demonstrated by the failure of "reverse tolerance" to develop to the anticonvulsant effects of amphetamine, which also appear to be mediated dopaminergically. PMID- 3216956 TI - Tetrahydropapaveroline and salsolinol alter 45Ca2+ efflux within perfused hippocampus of unrestrained rats. AB - The kinetics of 45Ca2+ efflux were examined at circumscribed sites in the perfused hippocampus of the freely moving rat with either one of two tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) products, tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) or salsolinol. Guide tubes for unilateral push-pull perfusion were implanted stereotaxically to rest just above sites within the dorsal hippocampus. Upon recovery from surgery, a tissue site in the hippocampus was prelabeled with 1.0 microliter of 45Ca2+ (2.0 microCi) injected through the indwelling guide tube. After 16-20 hr had elapsed, successive push-pull perfusions of the site were carried out with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), at 5.0 min intervals and at a rate of 20 microliters/min, in order to obtain a control washout curve of declining radioactivity. On the fifth of a series of 5.0 min perfusions, either THP or salsolinol was added to the perfusion medium in a concentration of 10 or 100 ng/microliters. Then the hippocampal site was perfused again with control CSF for the collection of an additional three samples. Although THP in both of the test concentrations generally augmented the efflux of 45Ca2+, the temporal course and magnitude of the enhancement depended on the anatomical site of the perfusion. In the more rostral hippocampal planes of AP 3.0 and AP 4.0, THP caused a delayed efflux of the cation, after the perfusion of THP had been discontinued, in nearly half of the loci reactive to the TIQ. Similarly, salsolinol enhanced significantly the efflux of 45Ca2+ in a concentration dependent manner during the interval of its perfusion within the hippocampal plane of AP 3.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216955 TI - Differences in ME-LI and VIP-LI in discrete brain regions of seizure-naive and seizure-experienced El mice. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the relationship between endogenous methionine enkephalin (ME) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) with generalized seizures, we determined regional brain levels of ME-like and VIP-like immunoreactivity (ME-LI and VIP-LI) in El mice during and after seizures induced by repeated tossing stimulation. The levels of ME-LI in the striatum and hippocampus of seizure-naive El mice (El-) were lower than those of the control ddY mice, the mother strain of El mice. Conversely, the level of VIP-LI in the medulla oblongata and pons of El- was higher than that of ddY mice. The level of ME-LI in the striatum of seizure-experienced El mice (El+) killed 96 hours after three consecutive seizures was high, while levels of VIP-LI in the striatum and hypothalamus were low, in comparison to those of El- mice. A detailed time-course study revealed that seizures in El mice caused (1) significant decreases in levels of ME-LI in the striatum and hippocampus during seizures, (2) a significant decrease of VIP-LI content in the striatum 3 hours after seizures, and (3) a significant increase in hypothalamic VIP-LI 9 hours after seizures. These observations suggest that ME and VIP may play some role in El mouse seizures. PMID- 3216958 TI - Effects of acute and chronic administration of phencyclidine on the A10 dopaminergic mesolimbic system: electrophysiological and behavioral correlates. AB - Electrophysiological and behavioral methods were used to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to phencyclidine (PCP, 5 mg/kg/day for 30 days) on ventral tegmental A10 dopaminergic neurons and locomotor and ataxic behavior in the rat. Extracellular recordings from single neurons in the ventral tegmentum showed only minimal differences between rats chronically treated with either saline or PCP. A comparison of the rising portion of the cumulative dose-response curves indicated that the animals treated chronically with the drug required only 0.4 times more PCP than the controls to produce equivalent changes in neuronal firing rates. Also, the average maximum increase in activity in A10 neurons, induced by PCP, was 43% in the drug-treated rats compared to 60% in the controls. Although these were moderate quantitative changes, a marked qualitative difference in the response of A10 neurons to PCP was seen. Whereas PCP elicited a characteristic dose-dependent biphasic effect on the firing rates in the control group, the declining (inhibitory) component of the response was not present in the animals chronically treated with PCP. In parallel with the minimal electrophysiological changes, measurements of gross locomotor activity showed that the response to the thirtieth (30th) injection of PCP was virtually identical to that measured in the same animals following the first exposure. In contrast, however, the ataxia which accompanied the hyperactivity rapidly diminished over the course of treatment. It would appear, therefore, that chronic exposure to PCP did not substantially diminish the ability of PCP to activate the A10 neurons, comprising the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216959 TI - Reversal by beta-funaltrexamine and 16-methyl cyprenorphine of the antinociceptive effects of opioid agonists in the mouse and guinea-pig. AB - The present study compared the effects of two opioid antagonists, beta funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) and 16-methyl cyprenorphine (RX8008M) on the antinociception produced by a range of opioid agonists in the abdominal constriction test in the mouse and the paw pressure test in the guinea-pig. Both antagonists produced large shifts in the dose-response curves to the mu-agonists, morphine and fentanyl, confirming their mu-antagonist activity. Neither antagonist produced any antagonism of the antinociceptive effects of the selective kappa-agonists U50488, U69593 and tifluadom, in the mouse. However, RX8008M produced small shifts in the dose-response curves to these agonists in the guinea-pig, which seems more likely to reflect mu-receptor activity of the agonists in the guinea-pig than lack of selectivity of the antagonists. Both beta FNA and RX8008M produced some antagonism of bremazocine, ethyl-ketocyclazocine, proxorphan and butorphanol, indicating that these agonists have a prominent mu receptor component to their antinociceptive actions. PMID- 3216961 TI - A comparison of the effects of buspirone and diazepam on plasma corticosterone levels in rat. AB - The effect of the anxiolytic agents, buspirone and diazepam, on the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA), indicated by changes in the concentration of corticosterone (CS) in plasma, were studied 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr after administration of the drug (i.p.). Samples of plasma were collected in the mid morning (0930-1130 hr) when activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat and control levels of corticosterone were low and were repeated in the afternoon (1400-1600 hr) when activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-arenal axis and levels of corticosterone were higher. At small doses (1 mg/kg) buspirone had a greater facilitating effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis than did diazepam. In addition, buspirone had a greater maximum facilitatory effect (477%) on levels of corticosterone than diazepam (345%). However, buspirone (ED50 = 8.6 mumol/kg) and diazepam (ED50 = 8.7 mumol/kg) were equipotent. Administration of 1 mg/kg of buspirone in the morning increased the combined 1/2 and 1 hr circulating levels of corticosterone 75% above control levels. Diazepam, at 1 mg/kg, did not produce any significant changes in levels of corticosterone. Large doses (10 mg/kg) of buspirone increased morning levels of corticosterone by 328% and diazepam increased levels of corticosterone by 265%. During the afternoon small doses of buspirone or diazepam did not significantly alter levels of corticosterone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216960 TI - Effects of bilateral injection of GABA into the substantia nigra on spontaneous behavior and measures of analgesia. AB - Bilateral injection of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 10-300 micrograms) into the substantia nigra (pars reticulata) of rats produced stereotyped sniffing and had an analgesic-like effect on the hot-plate but not on the tail-flick test. These effects of GABA (30 micrograms) were suppressed by simultaneous administration of a sub-convulsant dose of bicuculline methiodide (100 ng). Significant increases in locomotion occurred when GABA (300 micrograms) was injected along with the inhibitor of GABA-transaminase, d,l-gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG; 5 micrograms) and the inhibitor of the uptake of GABA, 1-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DABA; 5 micrograms). No other behavioral effects were observed following injection of GABA into the nigra, either alone or in combination with GVG and DABA. Bilateral injection of bicuculline (100-600 ng) into the nigra had strong convulsant actions. When injected simultaneously with bicuculline, GABA reduced bicuculline-induced seizures. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance to understanding the mechanisms that underlie the behavioral effects produced by injection of muscimol into the nigra. PMID- 3216962 TI - Cerebral ischaemia reduces the density of 5-HT2 binding sites in the frontal cortex of the gerbil. AB - The 5-HT2 antagonist [3H]ketanserin labels a single population of high affinity sites (Kd 0.48 +/- 0.03 nM; Bmax 206 +/- 20 fmol/mg protein) in the frontal cortex of the gerbil. Specific binding of [3H]ketanserin was displaced by a number of 5-HT2A antagonists ritanserin, cyproheptadine and methysergide) but not by the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n- propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) or the 5-HT1A/1B agonists 5-carboxyamidotryptamine (5-CT) or RU 24969, indicating that the labelled site probably represents the 5-HT2 receptor. Cerebral ischaemia induced in either a 3 hr unilateral non-recovery model or a 5 min bilateral, 3 day recovery model, resulted in a significant decrease in the density of 5-HT2 binding sites in the ischaemic frontal cortex without an apparent change in their affinity for the ligand. The decrease in density was not simply related to levels of 5-HT because occlusion of the right carotid artery for 3 hr resulted in bilateral depletion of 5-HT but only in an ipsilateral reduction in the density of binding sites. In addition, a significant decrease in the density of 5-HT2 binding sites occurred in the recovery model at a time when the levels of 5-HT in the cortex were unaltered. PMID- 3216964 TI - Actions of potent cholinergic anthelmintics (morantel, pyrantel and levamisole) on an identified insect neurone reveal pharmacological differences between nematode and insect acetylcholine receptors. AB - Intracellular recording and current-clamp techniques were used to investigate the cholinergic activity of the anthelmintics, morantel, pyrantel and levamisole, applied to the fast coxal depressor motorneurone (Df) of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Application of these agents and acetylcholine to the bath resulted in dose-dependent changes in conductance and corresponding depolarization of the neuronal membrane. Relative potencies of the drugs were determined from dose-response relationships and the rank order of effectiveness was as follows: carbachol much greater than levamisole greater than pyrantel greater than morantel. Evidence that these drugs were acting at the same site of action was obtained with the antagonist, mecamylamine, which abolished the responses to all these agents. It is concluded that the weak insecticidal action of these potent anthelmintics may result in part from their weak cholinergic agonist action on insect neurones, which contrasts with their potent agonist actions on acetylcholine receptors of helminth nerve and muscle tissues. The striking differences in potency on different invertebrate tissues appears to reflect differences in the properties of acetylcholine receptors between insects and nematodes. Further characterization of neurotransmitter receptors in invertebrates is needed in order to facilitate the rational design of broad spectrum antiparasitic agents with low toxicity in mammals. PMID- 3216963 TI - Pharmacological characterization of high affinity choline transporters in primary neuronal cultures in rat brain. AB - High affinity transport of choline was investigated kinetically and pharmacologically in primary neuronal cultures and synaptosomes of the brain of the rat. Both preparations took up and acetylated [3H]choline in a similar high affinity, sodium-dependent manner. However, monoethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A) (an irreversible inhibitor and potential neurotoxin) and hemicholinium-3 (a reversible inhibitor) were much less potent in the neuronal cultures than in synaptosomes. Antibodies, highly selective for ubiquitin, and able to block synaptosomal synthesis of acetylcholine, coupled to high affinity transport of choline had no effect of the synthesis of acetylcholine in intact cultured neurons, suggesting differential post-translational modification of the transporters in these two preparations. PMID- 3216966 TI - Early aneurysm surgery and prophylactic hypervolemic hypertensive therapy for the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - The prevailing sentiment of North American neurosurgeons is that there is no significant difference in overall morbidity between patients who are treated with early aneurysm surgery and those who are treated with delayed aneurysm surgery. This concept is based primarily on the high incidence of ischemic events after early intervention. Recent experience, however, indicates that prophylactic hypervolemic hypertensive therapy may be beneficial in reducing delayed ischemia after early aneurysm surgery. During the preceding 21 months, we have performed 125 operations for intracranial aneurysms. Fifty-six patients in this group presented less than 7 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (47 within 3 days) and were treated by a prospective protocol of urgent aneurysm surgery performed within 24 hours after presentation. In all cases, the aneurysm was clipped with the use of mannitol and spinal drainage for brain relaxation. All patients were then treated with prophylactic volume expansion therapy and induced hypertension with a central venous pressure or a Swan-Ganz catheter until the 14th day after SAH. Preoperatively, 17 patients were Hunt and Hess Grade I, 9 were Grade II, 28 were Grade III, and 2 were Grade IV. In this group of 56 patients at risk for delayed ischemia from vasospasm, 5 patients had significant intraoperative complications. Ten patients (18%) had delayed cerebral ischemia, totally reversible in 6 cases, with small infarcts in 3 cases, and with 1 death (2% mortality from delayed ischemia), there were 5 cases of shunted hydrocephalus, and 3 deaths from other complications. Overall, 41 patients (73%) returned to their premorbid occupations without neurological deficit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3216965 TI - Presynaptic action of uranyl nitrate on the phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation of the mouse. AB - The contraction of the diaphragm of the mouse, induced by nerve stimulation, can be potentiated by uranyl nitrate [UO2(NO3)2, 0.2-0.8 mM]. At concentrations greater than 0.8 mM, uranyl nitrate also directly enhanced the contractions induced by electrical stimulation of muscle. The effects of uranyl nitrate in potentiating the twitch were augmented by low calcium (0.25-0.5 mM) and antagonized by high levels of calcium (5-10 mM). Electrophysiological studies on the effects of uranyl nitrate on the diaphragm in the mouse have revealed that the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (MEPP) but not the amplitude was increased; the amplitude and quantal content of end-plate potential (EPPs) were also markedly increased by uranyl nitrate. The most peculiar phenomenon induced by uranyl nitrate was that repetitive end-plate potentials, as well as repetitive action potentials, of the diaphragm of the mouse were triggered by single nerve stimulation in the presence of uranyl nitrate. The duration of muscle action potentials was significantly prolonged. Recordings of the evoked compound action potentials from nerve axons showed that uranyl nitrate not only prolonged the duration of the axonal compound action potentials but also induced antidromic activity with a single stimulation. This latter effect of uranyl nitrate was blocked by d-tubocurarine. All of these findings suggest that uranyl nitrate potentiated the contractions of the diaphragm of the mouse, possibly through the activation of stimulus-activated repetitive discharges which resulted in the repetitive end-plate potentials and muscle action potentials. PMID- 3216967 TI - Dysautoregulation in patients with ruptured aneurysms: cerebral blood flow measurements obtained during surgery by a temperature-controlled thermoelectrical method. AB - We used a temperature-controlled thermoelectrical method, induced hypotension, and CO2 inhalation to obtain cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements during surgery for investigation of the state of brain vasoreactivity in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. The study included 11 patients who underwent 12 operations for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The CBF data were analyzed to investigate the neurological state, presence or nonpresence of vasospasm, timing of the operation, and outcome of each patient. Autoregulation disturbance, in terms of reaction to hypotension, was consistently seen in patients in poor neurological states, and this disturbance was correlated with poor outcome. This simple monitoring system, used during emergency operations for ruptured aneurysm, was useful in predicting outcome. PMID- 3216968 TI - Computed tomography of epidural fibrosis after discectomy: a comparison between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. AB - The evaluation of patients with symptoms recurrent after disc surgery is a difficult diagnostic problem. The most common causes are recurrent herniation and postoperative scarring; routine x-ray and myelographic differentiation between herniation and scarring is difficult or impossible. High resolution computed tomography (CT) has shown some results in the evaluation of postoperative patients, but the role of epidural fibrosis in failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is not clear. Some knowledge of the "normal" CT physiological healing and scarring after disc surgery is necessary. We scanned 20 asymptomatic operated patients and 20 patients with recurrent sciatic nerve pain after disc surgery who did not have bony stenosis, recurrent disc herniation, or other causes of FBSS. Our observations showed no important differences in the fibrosis demonstrated by CT between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The degree and type of fibrosis are not related to recurrent symptoms. PMID- 3216969 TI - Combined treatment of osteosarcoma of the spine. AB - We reviewed the clinical features and results of treatment in 24 patients with osteogenic sarcoma of the spine treated over a 35-year period. There were 14 male and 10 female patients 13 to 71 years old. The tumor arose de novo in 13 patients and was secondary to other conditions in 11. All patients presented with pain, and 16 (67%) had neurological deficits. Patients were divided into two treatment groups. Thirteen patients treated from 1949 to 1977 usually underwent limited tumor resection and external radiation therapy. The second group, 11 patients treated from 1978 to 1984, underwent more aggressive surgical resection and received combination chemotherapy as well as local radiation to the tumor bed. In the second group, there were 5 long term survivors, and only 1 patient developed metastatic disease while on therapy. Failure to obtain local control was the major cause of treatment failure. Complete surgical resection of the tumor by spondylectomy and combination chemotherapy offer the best prospect for cure of osteogenic sarcoma of the spine. PMID- 3216970 TI - Relationship between flow cytometric features and clinical behavior of meningiomas. AB - Meningiomas have a wide range of biological potential and clinical behavior. Histological findings are helpful in recognizing the malignant potential of a given tumor, but often fail to correlate with gross features, liability of recurrence, and extent of associated cerebral edema. To find alternate approaches to improve the correlation between biological and clinical behavior, 20 meningiomas were studied by flow cytometry (FC), an assessment that has been applied to meningiomas previously. Such FC features as DNA index (DI) and proliferative index (PI, %G2 + %S) were correlated with size, location, brain invasion, associated edema, and recurrence. Tumors with severe edema had significantly higher PIs (19.5 +/- 4.1) than those with moderate (12.6 +/- 4.5) or minimal (8 +/- 0) edema (P less than 0.05). The PI was greater than 16 in those tumors that recurred (n = 3) or invaded the brain (n = 3). Six tumors were aneuploid (DI, 1.33 +/- 0.17; PI, 17.1 +/- 5.3). These were uniformly large when compared with the diploid tumors, which were more variable in size. All of the aneuploid tumors were associated with moderate to severe cerebral edema. Two partly psammomatous tumors with high PIs and foci of high cellularity suggesting recent growth were associated with severe edema. One of these exhibited brain invasion. These preliminary data indicate that FC may have a potential use in the clinical management of meningiomas. PMID- 3216971 TI - Brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent solitary brain metastases. AB - Conventional therapy for solitary brain metastases includes radiotherapy and surgical resection in selected cases. Often, however, the metastasis recurs and limits the quality of life and survival of the patient. Once the metastasis recurs, therapeutic options are limited. Brachytherapy delivers a high total dose of radiation to a localized area, allowing reirradiation at the time of recurrence. Three patients with recurrent brain metastases treated with iridium 192 implants are presented; two of these patients had breast carcinoma and one had malignant melanoma. The implants allowed long term survival in the two patients with recurrent metastatic breast carcinoma. Unfortunately, the patient with melanoma did not respond to the brachytherapy and died within 7 months of implantation. The approaches to treatment to metastatic brain tumors and the rationale for using brachytherapy are discussed. PMID- 3216972 TI - Selective neurotomy of the tibial nerve for treatment of the spastic foot. AB - One of the most frequent neurological sequelae seen by the specialist in rehabilitation is the spastic foot. Spasticity in the foot may be responsible for abnormal posture and painful or trophic disturbances impairing standing and walking. This disability can be corrected by a simple neurosurgical procedure, the selective tibial neurotomy. In this procedure, one sections the tibial nerve branches to the muscles sustaining spasticity, i.e., the soleus and/or the gastrocnemius nerves for equinus and ankle clonus or the posterior tibialis branch for varus and the flexor fascicles for tonic flexion of the toes. After microsurgical dissection of each tibial nerve branch at the lower part of the popliteal region and their identification with bipolar electrostimulation, the selected branches are partially sectioned under the operating microscope. The present series consists of 62 operations performed in 53 patients, 9 bilaterally and 44 unilaterally. Operation obtained complete suppression of the disabling spasticity that had been present for 2 to 17 years (4 on average), total pain relief, and consequently improvement of the residual voluntary movements (by achieving a better balance between agonist and antagonist muscles) in 51 of the 62 spastic feet (i.e., 82% of the cases). For all of these patients, the beneficial effects were long-lasting over the 1- to 10-year follow-up (3 years on average). Selective neurotomy of the tibial nerve should be considered only after failure of intensive prolonged kinestherapy and of all available medical treatment. It must take place, however, before the onset of irreversible articular disturbances and musculotendinous retractions, which require complementary orthopedic corrections. PMID- 3216973 TI - Abdominal x-ray and pathological findings in distal unishunt obstruction. AB - A new x-ray finding suggesting distal obstruction of the Unishunt is described. Fusiform swelling of the distal slit valve ("pantaloon sign") seen on an abdominal x-ray film was associated with surgically proven distal shunt obstruction in 8 of 10 patients. No patient with a normally functioning (n = 67) or proximally malfunctioning shunt (n = 6) displayed this abnormality. This finding in association with clinical and computed tomographic evidence of shunt malfunction can direct surgical revision to the appropriate site. The pathology of distal shunt malfunction is also reviewed. PMID- 3216974 TI - Ventriculopleural shunts for hydrocephalus: a useful alternative. AB - From 1969 to 1979, ventriculopleural shunts were inserted in 29 children with progressive hydrocephalus. A standard Pudenz pump with a Raimondi catheter was used for all but 1 child for whom a Holter valve was used. The shunt functioned adequately in 7, but in 18 it had to be changed as a result of symptomatic pleural effusion. From 1979 to 1982, a further series of 52 other patients received ventriculopleural shunts, and these cases have recently been reviewed. The apparatus used was a Portnoy ventricular catheter or a medium or high pressure Heyer Schulte pump with an antisiphon device and a Salmon distal catheter. Three patients developed a shunt infection. One died with a functioning shunt. Four catheters became blocked by adhesions, and in only 1 patient was a peritoneal shunt substituted as a result of symptomatic effusion. PMID- 3216976 TI - Presentation of type I Chiari malformation after head trauma. AB - An unusual case of Type I Chiari malformation that became symptomatic after closed head injury is reported. The patient manifested transient upper extremity weakness, persistent lower cranial nerve dysfunction, and cerebellar signs that slowly resolved. Magnetic resonance images showed tonsillar ectopia but no displacement of the brain stem or syringomyelia. Type I Chiari malformation should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with upper extremity weakness, lower cranial nerve palsies, or cerebellar signs after trauma. PMID- 3216975 TI - Slit ventricle syndrome with aqueduct stenosis: third ventriculostomy as definitive treatment. AB - Slit ventricle syndrome is a poorly understood entity characterized by features of raised intracranial pressure and small ventricles in shunt-dependent hydrocephalics. Five patients with this syndrome were treated with antisiphon devices, high pressure shunts, or subtemporal decompression, but continued to be symptomatic. Third ventriculostomy, performed as a last resort in these patients, gave encouraging results. The patient data, operative approach, and preliminary results are presented here. PMID- 3216977 TI - Intramedullary dermoid tumor diagnosed with the assistance of magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Intramedullary dermoid tumors are unusual. Traditional methods of diagnosing spinal tumors have included clinical suspicion, plain roentgenography, myelography, and computed tomography. A case of intramedullary tumor provisionally diagnosed preoperatively by traditional methods and specifically as dermoid tumor with the assistance of magnetic resonance imaging is presented. Diagnosis and treatment of spinal dermoid tumors with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging is discussed. PMID- 3216978 TI - Explosion of the orbital roof due to electrical current. AB - Prolonged contact with high voltage electricity can cause severe damage to the brain. Contact with the skull can produce heating of the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid, which may result in an explosion of the orbital roofs with downward displacement of the brain into both orbits. PMID- 3216979 TI - Intrasellar intercarotid communicating artery associated with agenesis of the right internal carotid artery: case report. AB - A 54-year-old man with a right hemiparesis was found to have an intrasellar intercarotid communicating artery associated with agenesis of the right internal carotid artery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrated the spatial relationship of the anomalous artery to the surrounding structures, thus suggesting an embryonic enlargement of the capsular artery as a source of this anomalous artery. PMID- 3216980 TI - Extracranial posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm causing isolated intraventricular hemorrhage: a case report. AB - The authors report the unusual case of an aneurysm arising on an extracranial loop of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). The computed tomographic scan showed an isolated hemorrhage in the lateral ventricles, and the lesion was recognized 1.5 cm below the foramen magnum at the level of the atlas. The literature concerning peripheral PICA aneurysms is reviewed and the clinical and radiological features of these lesions are discussed. A tendency for subarachnoid bleeding from distal PICA aneurysm ruptures to spread into the ventricular system is suggested. The diagnosis of distal PICA aneurysm should also be considered in cases of isolated intraventricular hemorrhage without obvious parenchymal or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The need for four-vessel angiography when studying patients suffering from a subarachnoid hemorrhage is stressed. PMID- 3216981 TI - Metastatic liposarcoma of the brain with response to chemotherapy: case report. AB - Metastatic liposarcomas to the brain are rare. The authors describe a patient with a 20-year history of liposarcoma originating in the thigh and metastatic to the brain 18 years later. The brain metastasis was removed by surgery. Nine months later, the patient developed metastases to the retroperitoneum and liver. At that same time, she had recurrent brain metastasis. She was then treated with chemotherapy. The abdominal mass shrank considerably in the beginning, and the recurrent brain metastases totally disappeared. The patient eventually succumbed to widespread liposarcoma. Autopsy revealed extensive liposarcoma involving the retroperitoneum, liver, and lung, but no trace of tumor was found in the brain. PMID- 3216982 TI - Late appearance of a radiodense lesion at the site of an irradiated metastasis: neuropathological findings. AB - The appearance of contrast-enhancing computed tomographic (CT) lesions at the site of an irradiated brain tumor often has sinister implications. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman who received cranial irradiation as treatment for cerebral metastases from lung cancer. Follow-up radiographic studies revealed complete tumor regression; however, 26 months after treatment, enhanced CT scanning showed a radiodense nodule at the site of one of the previous metastatic deposits. Neuropathological examination of the surgically excised tissue identified benign reactive changes only. The natural history of irradiated brain lesions is discussed. PMID- 3216983 TI - Method for sequential sampling of cerebrospinal fluid in humans. AB - The authors describe a method for sequential cerebrospinal fluid sampling in humans by modifying the technique for continuous lumbar drainage. PMID- 3216984 TI - Aid to exposure of the upper basilar artery: technical note. AB - The author explains his method of retracting the tentorial edge during the subtemporal approach to the distal basilar artery. A modification of the ligature makes it unnecessary to tie a knot at depth. PMID- 3216985 TI - Electrical activity of the cortex and reaction times to auditory signals and light stimuli. AB - We investigated the electrical activity of the occipital, sensorimotor, and frontal zones in the right and left hemispheres of the cerebral cortex and times for bimanual motor response in healthy adult experimental subjects between the ages of 15 and 25 receiving photostimulation by means of pulse trains with frequencies increasing from 15 to 25 Hz and pulse trains with frequencies decreasing from 15 to 5 Hz. We observed nonspecific physiological reactions in the organism regardless of the type of photostimulation presented and also observed specific reactions dictated by the parameters of the light stimulus acting upon the brain. It was demonstrated that the action of the light was most effective when the frequency of the stimuli was gradually increased. The expressiveness of the alpha-band of oscillations in the electrical brain activity increased in this case, and the asymmetry of the bimanual motor responses changed significantly. A definite connection was noted between the physiological reactions of the experimental subjects and their subjective states. PMID- 3216986 TI - Intraspecies behavior of animals based on a model of experimental brain ischemia. AB - The features of the intraspecies behavior of rats after ligation of the right, left, or both common carotid arteries were studied. It was shown that certain characteristics of behavior change differently following ligation of the right or left common carotid artery. The approach used may be utilized for the assessment of the severity of ischemic brain damage. PMID- 3216987 TI - Effects of tone intensity and frequency on discrimination of the sound stimulus transition process. AB - In our research, we determined the dependence of human detection of differences in the sound stimulus transition process upon sound intensity and frequency. We established that the discrimination threshold for the stimulus rise time (delta tau r) is approximately 1.5 msec at low and intermediate tone frequencies and increases to 5-6 msec during an increase in frequency from 10 to 15 kHz. It was shown that the ability of a human to discriminate a stepwise change in the stimulus envelope depends upon the duration of the steps. For steps of short duration (up to 7 msec), a linear decrease in the discrimination threshold value for detecting a drop in step amplitude (delta I) occurs with increasing duration of the step (t). For a step duration greater than 7 msec, the discrimination threshold for a drop in amplitude remains constant, equaling a value on the order of 3.5 dB. It was found that the values of delta tau r and delta I rapidly decrease with an increasing level of stimulus intensity in the range of 10-40 dB and remain practically constant in the range of 40-80 dB. PMID- 3216988 TI - Local blood flow in the thalamus and frontal cortex in alert and narcotized dogs. AB - The magnitude of the local blood flow in the thalamus and cerebral cortex is studied on 22 sexually mature nonpedigree dogs. Mean values of local blood flow are obtained in alert animals, and the effect of narcosis (nitrous oxide) on the local cerebral blood flow is studied. The mean local blood flow in alert dogs is found to be 84.8 +/- 2.9 ml/100 g/min in the cerebral cortex and 68.7 +/- 1.6 ml/100 g/min in the thalamus. Insignificant fluctuations are found during a dynamic recording of the local blood flow during 7 days. Under narcosis (70% nitrous oxide) the local blood flow decreases 3-12%. According to the findings, nitrous oxide narcosis does not significantly affect the brain circulation, so that it is suitable for an experimental study of the latter. PMID- 3216990 TI - Impulse activity of mesencephalic neurons on nociceptive stimulation in awake rats. PMID- 3216989 TI - Determination of the form of reaction of cortical neurons to acetylcholine. PMID- 3216991 TI - EEG of interimpulse intervals during habituation of auditory evoked potentials in depressed moods. PMID- 3216992 TI - Information theory of emotions in heuristic learning. PMID- 3216993 TI - Analysis of participation of the hippocampus in organization of behavior in animals. PMID- 3216994 TI - Cortical unit activity in cats during conditioned inhibition. PMID- 3216995 TI - Behavioral specialization of neurons of the cortex and hypothalamus of the rabbit. PMID- 3216996 TI - Influence of unilateral cortical spreading depression on intraspecies aggression and sociability of isolated mice. PMID- 3216997 TI - Correlation between spike trains of neighboring cortical neurons during conditioning in cats. PMID- 3216998 TI - Formation of cellular analog of instrumental reflex on identified Lymnaea stagnalis neurons in response to automatic intracellular electrical stimulation. PMID- 3216999 TI - Alterations in excitatory and GABAergic inhibitory connections in hippocampal transplants. AB - Solid pieces of embryonic hippocampal tissue were implanted in a cavity formed by aspiration of the fimbria-fornix and the overlying cingulate cortex in adult rats. Six to 8 months after the transplantation, chronic recording electrodes were implanted into the graft and the host hippocampi for the recording of electroencephalogram and unit activity in the freely moving animal. Irregularly occurring sharp waves or electroencephalogram spikes and concurrent synchronous discharge of large groups of neurons dominated the electrical activity of the grafts, in contrast to the situation in normal animals. Light microscopy and GABA immunocytochemistry in the grafts revealed that the three major cell types of the hippocampal formation, i.e. pyramidal neurons, dentate granule cells and GABA immunoreactive interneurons were present in the hippocampal grafts. At the ultrastructural level, however, significant alterations in connectivity were observed. The most striking finding was the absence or sparse occurrence of synapses on the axon initial segments of pyramidal neurons. The axon initial segments are normally densely covered by GABAergic synapses derived from a specialized type of interneuron, the chandelier or axo-axonic cell. On the other hand, numerous GABA-immunoreactive terminals were found in synaptic contact with somata of pyramidal neurons, suggesting that other types of GABAergic interneurons and their efferent connections may have developed in a normal manner. The cell bodies of pyramidal neurons received, in addition, several asymmetric synapses from GABA-negative terminals. These presumably excitatory synapses are not present on the somata of pyramidal cells in the normally developing hippocampus. We hypothesize that the somatic excitatory synapses originate, at least in part, from the axon collaterals of the neighbouring pyramidal cells in the graft. We suggest that the hyperexcitability of the neuronal circuitry within the graft is due to reduced inhibition (lack of axo axonic synapses) coupled with increased collateral excitation of the pyramidal neurons. PMID- 3217000 TI - Pathologic changes in the CNS of dystonia musculorum mutant mouse: an animal model for human spinocerebellar ataxia. AB - This paper examines the topography of neuronal degeneration in the central nervous system of the dystonia musculorum (dt) mutant mouse, revealed by selective silver impregnation, specific histochemical staining and electron microscopy. Neuronal lesions have been observed exclusively in the spinal cord, the medulla and the anterior lobe of the vermis. In the spinal cord, axonal degeneration was maximal among large and medium-sized primary sensory fibers, whereas thin caliber primary afferents were unaffected, with the exception of those containing acid phosphatase activity. In regions of laminae VI to VIII that receive numerous degenerative primary afferents, neurons undergoing different phases of degeneration (chromatolysis, lipid accumulation, dark shrunken necrosis) were constantly found. Most of the latter belonged to spinocerebellar neurons, owing to the presence of fiber degeneration in both spinocerebellar tracts and mossy fiber degeneration in the anterior vermal lobe. In the medulla only axonal degeneration was observed and was confined to three fiber systems: the dorsal column pathway, the sensory trigeminal fibers (both from the trigeminal ganglion and from the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus), and the spinocerebellar fibers entering the cerebellum through the inferior and superior cerebellar peduncles. This study also suggests a simple pathophysiological mechanism for the onset and the progression of the degeneration: dystonic gene action would affect perinatally specific classes of sensory receptors, producing the degeneration of the nerve terminals and, progressively, the cell death of the sensory ganglion cells at their origin. This retrograde death, which results in the massive and early deafferentation of spinocerebellar neurons, would provoke, trans-neuronally, the impairment of these second order sensory neurons and the progressive degeneration of the spinocerebellar system. The close resemblance of the neuropathology of the mutant mouse to Friedreich's ataxia (the commonest form of human degenerative ataxic disorders) allows one to suppose that the dystonic mouse may be an optimal animal model for studying the genetic basis and the pathophysiological mechanisms of this form of human ataxia. PMID- 3217001 TI - Purkinje cell activity in rats following chronic treatment with harmaline. AB - Harmaline and related alkaloids produce a fine, generalized motor tremor with a frequency of 8-14 Hz in many mammalian species. The tremor is though to be initiated by the synchronous activation of cells in the inferior olive. Repeated administration of the drug at tremorogenic doses results in the rapid development of tolerance in the rat. Since the generation of cerebellar cyclic 3',5' guanosine monophosphate by harmaline or apomorphine is reduced in harmaline tolerant rats, it is possible that the site of tolerance is the olivocerebellar system. The present study used extracellular single unit recording techniques to determine whether harmaline tolerance was associated with changes in the firing patterns of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar vermis of the rat. In non-tolerant animals, the majority (8/13) of Purkinje cells recorded in the vermis responded to harmaline with a rhythmic increase in complex spike rate and a prolonged suppression of simple spikes. In harmaline-tolerant animals, only one cell in 14 could be identified that showed this response. In these animals, a variety of responses not encountered in experimentally naive animals were observed. Since the complex spike activity of Purkinje cells is presumed to reflect the activity of climbing fibers originating in the cells of the inferior olive, the results of the studies reported here support the conclusion that a reduction in the synchronous activation of cells at the olivocerebellar level blocks the appearance of tremor in harmaline-tolerant animals. PMID- 3217002 TI - Somatostatin-like immunoreactive material in associational ganglion cells of human retina. AB - The retinal ganglion cell is classically viewed as the output cell of the retina, sending a single axon via the optic nerve to synapse in visual relay nuclei of the brain. However, some ganglion cells, termed associational ganglion cells, have axons which do not leave the retina and presumably serve intraretinal communication. Using high-affinity and specific monoclonal antibodies to somatostatin-14 and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemical procedure, somatostatin-immunoreactive associational ganglion cells are specifically stained in human retinas obtained at necropsy. These cells are more numerous in the inferior than the superior retina; they have dendrites which ramify in the inner plexiform layer; and they have sparsely branching axons, many of which can be traced over 1 cm. These axons do not enter the optic nerve. They follow remarkably straight courses at the border of the inner plexiform layer and ganglion cell layer and thereby form a gridwork of fibers covering the entire retinal area. These observations verify the existence of associational ganglion cells in the human and establish somatostatin as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator candidate for these neurons. The morphology of these cells suggests that they are involved in long-distance interactions within the retina. PMID- 3217004 TI - Characterization of [3H]GABA release from striatal slices: evidence for a calcium independent process via the GABA uptake system. AB - GABA can be released by depolarization even in the absence of external Ca2+. To investigate the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon, GABA release was studied using slices prepared from rat striatum. Slices were preincubated with [3H]GABA in the presence of beta-alanine and superfused with Krebs buffer. Total tritium efflux was measured as an index of GABA release. Electrical stimulation at 2 Hz for 3 min elevated resting tritium efflux approximately two-fold. Decreasing external Ca2+ to 0.1 mM increased basal tritium efflux and reduced electrically evoked overflow, while omitting Ca2+ entirely (and adding 1 mM EGTA) increased both basal efflux and evoked overflow. Tetrodotoxin (5 microM) abolished the evoked release of tritium but did not affect the resting outflow in either normal or Ca2+-deficient conditions. In the presence of normal Ca2+, nipecotic acid (0.1 1 mM), an inhibitor of GABA transport into neurons as well as glia, enhanced both spontaneous efflux and evoked overflow of tritium. Nipecotic acid also increased spontaneous release when external Ca2+ was reduced or removed; however, under these conditions electrically evoked overflow was reduced. These results suggest that the electrically evoked release of [3H]GABA from striatal slices is of neuronal origin, but can occur in part in the absence of external Ca2+. They further suggest that this Ca2+-independent release, which may co-exist with the Ca2+-dependent release, takes place via the same carrier system utilized for high affinity GABA uptake. PMID- 3217003 TI - Electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence for the existence of distinct subpopulations of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron in the rat. AB - The electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of dopaminergic neurons were systematically examined throughout the anterior-posterior extent of the substantia nigra zona compacta in the rat. Cells were characterized in terms of their (1) firing pattern, (2) firing rate, (3) antidromic response properties, and (4) inhibition in firing rate following dopaminergic agonist administration. These properties were then related to the cell's position within one of four anterior-posterior segments of the nucleus. There were three types of neuronal discharge pattern encountered; irregular, burst and regular. Cells which exhibited different firing patterns exhibited different firing rates and anatomical locations within the substantia nigra zona compacta. All neurons were antidromically activated from the striatum, however, the burst- and regular firing cells exhibited significantly faster estimated conduction velocities than irregular-firing cells. The irregular-firing cells were most sensitive to dopaminergic autoreceptor agonists whereas the burst-firing cells were most sensitive to an indirect-acting dopaminergic agonist. These experiments provide both electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence to indicate that nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons are composed of distinct subpopulations which are characterized by their firing pattern. PMID- 3217005 TI - Two distinct phases and mechanisms of axonal growth shown by primary vestibular fibres in the brain, demonstrated by parvalbumin immunohistochemistry. AB - Antibodies to parvalbumin label intensely a small number of non-overlapping fibre systems in embryonic rat brain. All are in hindbrain--the oculomotor and trochlear motor fibres, the acoustic and vestibular fibres of the VIIIth nerve, and an unidentified group of fibres which ascend under the dorsal surface in caudal medulla. Of these, the vestibular fibres are the first to acquire parvalbumin immunoreactivity, and we have used this property to follow the growth of their axons in the brain. This occurs in two phases. In the first, occurring at embryonic days 12-14, the axons grow in small groups or fascicles under the pial surface to their most distant terminal zones rostrally in the cerebellum and caudally in the descending vestibular nuclei. This growth is directed towards the two sites where germinal neuroepithelium is expanding over the medullary velum in forming the cerebellum and lateral recess of the IVth ventricle. In a second stage, commencing at E15, individual collaterals branch from these fascicles to arborize amongst their presumptive synaptic targets (cells of the vestibular nuclei and vestibulocerebellum) located in the sub-ventricular and ventricular layers. In this phase the axons follow a radial route, at right angles to their original subpial course, possibly by growing along radial glial processes. The target cells then migrate to their final position with the vestibular axons maintaining contact with them. The vestibular fibres are the first axons to enter the cerebellum, but from E15 onwards their fascicles are joined by increasing numbers of non-vestibular fibres following the same course. These other axons, and the movement of cells to form the deep cerebellar nuclei, separate the fascicles of vestibular fibres so that their course into the cerebellum becomes very diffuse. Thus this single set of axons grow, not only in two distinct phases, but also follow distinctly different substrates for growth in each. Furthermore, they then appear to act as pioneer fibres guiding the entry or egress of later-developing axons to or from the cerebellum. PMID- 3217006 TI - Oxytocin release evoked by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain in the rat: analysis of stimulus parameters and supraoptic neuronal activity. AB - The role of the medial forebrain area (vertical limb of the diagonal band, medial septum and medial nucleus accumbens) in the control of oxytocin secretion in lactating rats was investigated. Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain evoked a reproducible rise in intramammary pressure, equivalent to that caused by i.v. injection of 1 mU oxytocin. No pressor effect accompanied this response. Radioimmunoassay of plasma samples showed that stimulation caused a significant rise in the concentration of circulating oxytocin. The effects of changing the parameters of stimulation to the medial forebrain were compared with those evoked by stimulation of the neural stalk. The optimal frequency for stimulation of the forebrain was found to be four-fold lower (10-20 Hz) than that for stimulation of the neural stalk (50 Hz). During continuous prolonged stimulation of the forebrain (20 Hz; 2 min) only a single transient response was obtained, whereas a protracted response was obtained as a result of prolonged stimulation of the stalk. Recordings were made from antidromically identified neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus. Electrophysiological responses to electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain were characterized by two main features. (1) Single-pulse stimulation produced only a small excitation (one or two action potentials), while high-frequency trains produced a profound facilitation of this response, with each pulse evoking short-duration 'bursting' behaviour in the supraoptic neurons. (2) During long trains of stimulation this frequency dependent facilitation declined and could only be renewed after a period of rest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3217007 TI - Electrophysiological characteristics of morphologically identified reticular thalamic neurons from rat slices. AB - This study is aimed at the investigation of the morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of neurons from the nucleus reticularis thalami in rat thalamic slices incubated in vitro. Ten neurons were recorded in the ventrobasal complex, four of which were successfully injected following horseradish peroxidase injection. Two main types of reticular thalamic neurons were morphologically identified: (1) the small fusiform 'f' cells characterized by a very elongated perikaryon, dendritic arborization prevalent in the rostrocaudal and dorsoventral planes, and an axon without any collaterals branching within the nucleus reticularis thalami; and (2) the large fusiform 'F' neurons with dendrites arborizing mainly in the horizontal plane and with axonal branches within the nucleus reticularis thalami. The electrophysiological properties of the neurons were similar in F and f cells. The reticular neurons showed, in resting conditions, a single spike response followed by a postexcitatory hyperpolarizing potential. The hyperpolarization of these neurons transformed the single spike response into a burst discharge similar to that observed in thalamic relay neurons at resting membrane potential. The same phenomenon was observed when bicuculline was administered by perfusion to the slices and, in this case, a recovery to a single spike response was obtained by a depolarizing d.c. current injection. By contrast, the local administration of GABA induced a depolarization with a pronounced decrease in input resistance. The present data demonstrate the presence of at least two neuronal subtypes within the nucleus reticularis thalami, suggesting that only one is responsible for the phenomenon of auto-inhibition by means of intrinsic axon collaterals. Moreover, it is hypothesized that intranuclear GABAergic collaterals could control neuronal excitability of reticular thalamic cells by both shunting the membrane and shifting the burst firing to a single spike firing mode. PMID- 3217008 TI - Modulation of rhythmic function in the posterior midbrain. AB - Recordings of single unit activity in the posterior midbrain of the cat were carried out in the "fictive spontaneous locomotion" preparation. Neuronal activity was studied in relation to the onset, alternation and termination of cyclic hindlimb neurographic activity in the precollicular-postmammillary transected animal. Histochemical identification of pedunculopontine (nicotinamide adenine dinuceotide phosphate-diaphorase positive) neurons allowed the localization of recording sites in relation to this nucleus. Neurons located in the area of the cuneiform nucleus dorsal to the pedunculopontine nucleus were found to be related preferentially to cyclic (bursting) neurographic activity, while neurons in the area of the pedunculopontine were found to be related preferentially to the onset ("on") or termination ("off") of cycling episodes. Different populations of cells in the area appeared to be related to the frequency of alternation (bursting) compared with the duration of the cyclic episodes (on/off). While the area of the cuneiform-pedunculopontine nucleus has been found to be equivalent to the mesencephalic locomotor region, the same area has been found to be related to other rhythmic activities (e.g. respiratory, masticatory, sleep cycle, pressor, vesico-motor, etc.). A hypothesis is proposed to account for the weight of evidence implicating the same region in a host of distinct rhythmic activities. This hypothesis suggest that an oscillatory reverberation between cholinergic (pedunculopontine, laterodorsal tegmental nuclei) and aminergic (locus coeruleus, substantia nigra) centers is responsible for generating the various function-related "frequencies" (bursting) or "states" (on/off) of activity. PMID- 3217010 TI - Health: a prescription for change. PMID- 3217009 TI - Localization of neural cell adhesion molecule in denervated muscle to both the plasma membrane and extracellular compartments by immuno-electron microscopy. AB - The location of neural cell adhesion molecule in mouse skeletal muscle has been investigated using two immuno-electron microscopical techniques. In the first method, 6-micron frozen sections of a normal and a hemi-denervated gluteus muscle were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using a rabbit-derived polyclonal antiserum to neural adhesion molecule as the primary antibody. The stain was visualized with the electron-dense chromogen, diaminobenzidine and the sections fixed, osmicated and processed for electron microscopy whilst still on the slide. Ultrathin sections were cut and viewed in the electron microscope, where the reaction product appeared to be localized in the plasma membrane and on the basal lamina of the muscle fibres. The second method, using a 5-nm immunogold labelled secondary antibody, confirmed and extended these initial observations. In these experiments, the primary antibody to neural cell adhesion molecule was applied in vivo to hemi-denervated mouse gluteus muscles. The muscles were dissected out 24 h later, divided into denervated and innervated halves and then into junctional and extrajunctional regions. Together with the junctional and extrajunctional regions of normal, control pieces of muscle which had not been incubated with anti-neural cell adhesion molecule, they were lightly fixed, and incubated with the secondary gold-labelled antibody, before further fixation and processing for electron microscopy. Semi-thin, 0.5-micron sections of each were cut and viewed at 20,000 x magnification. Randomly sampled fibres from the extrajunctional regions of the denervated and innervated halves of the hemi denervated gluteus and the normal, control gluteus were photographed for quantitative analysis. Five micrographs were randomly selected from each group and in these, the numbers, density and position of gold particles were measured using a digitizing tablet. By far the highest number of gold particles was found in the denervated half of the gluteus muscle, there being much less in the innervated half and practically none in the control. The density of gold particles in the denervated muscles was maximal in the plasma membrane-basal lamina complex, but most were located in the extracellular spaces outside this region, where they usually occurred in clusters apparently in association with collagen fibres. We conclude that neural cell adhesion molecule in denervated skeletal muscle is present not only in the plasma membrane but also in the basal lamina and extracellular space. PMID- 3217011 TI - Nurses reactions to two damning reports. PMID- 3217012 TI - The Hawke Report: implications for nursing education. PMID- 3217013 TI - Acute hydrocephalus in infectious spinal disorder. AB - Two patients with infectious spinal disorders and increased intracranial pressure are described. One patient with spinal empyema lapsed into coma but improved after external ventricular drainage to relieve increased intracranial pressure. The second patient, who had a severe wound infection after repeated operative stabilization of a cervical spine fracture, developed increased intracranial pressure and subsequent hydrocephalus 6 months after the trauma. The pathogenesis of hydrocephalus in infectious spinal disorder is discussed. PMID- 3217014 TI - Computed tomography in cases of multiple sclerosis: problems of differential diagnosis in cases with atypical findings. AB - The value of computed tomography in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is undisputed. The examination is usually carried out as a routine part of the examination program. We report on the CT results of 112 patients with confirmed or suspected MS. Seventy-three patients were examined without, 39 with intravenous administration of a contrast medium. In 41% of the patients, isolated or multiple hypodense foci were found as a manifestation of a multilocular demyelinization process. In 17.8%, only cerebro-atrophic changes were encountered. In 30.3% of the cases the CT showed normal results. In the group of patients examined with a contrast medium, a pathological contrast medium concentration was found in 30.7%. The differential diagnostic demarcation against other diseases of the CNS with similar CT findings and problems of differential diagnosis with MRI are discussed. PMID- 3217015 TI - Brain death and intraocular pressure. AB - The authors report on the behavior of the intraocular pressure of 20 patients who had sustained severe head injury. The 8 patients who retained normal intraocular pressure all survived. The 12 patients who developed intraocular hypotony all suffered brain death. Although optic disc edema was not noted in any brain-dead patients, we did find signs of fundus ischemia in most. PMID- 3217016 TI - On the difficulties encountered when establishing the correct diagnosis of disturbances in the pupillary reflexes. AB - It is always difficult to interpret abnormalities in pupillary reflexes when a patient who has suffered injuries to the upper part of the face is unconscious. Nevertheless, thorough examination of pupillary reflexes can provide vital information about possible damage to the central nervous system. Decisions about treatment of and prognosis for patients with multiple injuries can be made more accurately when the status of the nerves supplying the eye are taken into account. Anatomical and physiological relationships of pupillary reflexes and oculomotor reactions in a patient with multiple injuries are discussed. PMID- 3217017 TI - Effect of click-polarity on abnormality of intraoperatively monitored brainstem acoustic evoked potentials. AB - The configuration of brainstem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEP) is influenced by the type of click stimuli used and may thus affect detectability of abnormalities. In a group of 19 patients with lesions in the posterior fossa BAEP were recorded pre- and intraoperatively. Repeat recordings were performed in each patient in two alternating series with rarefaction and condensation click stimuli. The findings demonstrated that intraoperative potential changes in latency and amplitude were different between the two stimulation modes, but did not vary significantly in their incidence. It was also not possible to predict from the preoperative BAEP which click polarity would demonstrate intraoperative changes more markedly, taking latency and amplitude as parameters. Two conclusions are drawn from this study: None of the two stimulation modes is superior in detecting intraoperative changes and therefore no recommendation can be made which click polarity to use. When working with only one click polarity it is recommended to use occasional control recordings with the other click polarity. PMID- 3217018 TI - Transethmoidal decompression of the optic nerve in the case of craniocerebral trauma. AB - Over a period of ten years, 39 patients who had suffered optic nerve compression after a craniocerebral trauma underwent transethmoidal decompression surgery. The operation was performed bilaterally on 5 patients. Fifty percent of patients involved suffered a blunt head or brain injury, the others brain compression or contusion. On the side of optic nerve compression, we found specific signs and symptoms of the compression such as negative or sluggish direct light reaction of the pupil, wounds on the lateral side of the eyebrow, bleeding from the nose, eyelid hematoma, skull fractures and intracranial hematomas. Since radiological and intraoperative findings were the same in only 67% of cases ophthalmological findings such as lack of direct pupil reaction occurring together with preserved consensual light reaction and progressive loss of vision after a traumatic incident are used as guideline for performing transethmoidal decompression of the optic nerve. Surgery produced restitution of visual function in about 10% more cases than conservative therapy reported in the literature. PMID- 3217019 TI - Computed tomography in Graves' ophthalmopathy--evaluation regarding the muscle size and density units. AB - 60 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy were examined with CT before starting therapy. The muscle sizes were evaluated according to a staging, whereby more muscles were found to be enlarged in the group of patients with a short course of less than 2 years in comparison to the other group with a duration of disease of more than 2 years. These differences were particularly evident in the medialis and superior rectus muscle. However a long course of disease did not coincide with a reliable reduction in eye protusion. Additionally the density values differed according to the duration of disease, the lower ones being found in the group of patients with a long duration of disease. It can be assumed that fatty degenerations and/or fibrous alterations during the course of disease are responsible for this decrease in the density values. PMID- 3217020 TI - Multiple sclerosis: diagnostic value of computerized tomography with delayed scanning after a double-dose of contrast medium in comparison with other diagnostic tests. AB - In 63 cases of clinical definite or suspected MS we compared the results of CSF analysis, VEP, BAEP, CT scanning without and after double dose contrast, in 17 cases also those of MRT. We found that CSF analysis had the highest rate of abnormal findings, followed by MRT. VEP and CT with double dose contrast showed similar sensitivity, while BAEP and CT without contrast had disappointing results. We think that CT with delayed scanning after double dose contrast can be a very useful investigation in early and doubtful cases of MS, until MRT will become a more widespread and less expensive investigation. PMID- 3217022 TI - Impulse cytophotometric DNA analysis in pituitary adenomas. AB - Flow cytometric DNA analysis was carried out on 32 microsurgically removed pituitary adenomas. Additionally, the histograms of tumor cell nuclei of 7 patients were compared with those of the cultured cells from the same tumor samples. The tumors were classified into 3 groups according to the proliferation index (PI) of the flow cytometric results: 1) tumors with DNA patterns of slow proliferation (PI under 10), to which the majority of the examined pituitary adenomas belonged; 2) pituitary adenomas with diploid karyograms and PI values from 10 to 15; 3) diploid or aneuploid karyograms with PI values above 15. The third group were characterized histologically by increased chromatin content, nuclear polymorphism, mitoses, and extrapituitary infiltration of the tumor cells, and were, therefore, no longer benign. However, there was no direct relationship between the intensity of hormone secretory activity of the tumors and DNA ploidy. Cultured adenoma cells examined by flow cytometry remained stable in all cases but one. PMID- 3217021 TI - On the ultrastructure of ependymomas--a semiquantitative analysis of diagnostic criteria in 21 cases with special reference to glycogen as a marker. AB - We report our results on the ultrastructure of 21 ependymomas and establish the following diagnostic criteria: 1. Glycogen is the most frequently encountered criterion, followed by desmosomes, cilia, basal bodies and microvilli. Fifteen tumors had 3 or more of these features. 2. The allegedly typical nuclear pattern was found in only 6 cases. 3. Special ultrastructural features seen include basement membranes in a mid-thoracic ependymoma. Furthermore we propose the hypothesis that glycogen might be involved in cilia assembly. PMID- 3217023 TI - Experimental hydrocephalus and hydrosyringomyelia. Computertomographic studies. AB - Two methods were used to induce a model of experimental hydrocephalus and hydrosyringomyelia in the cat: a) injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna and b) closure of the lateral apertures of the fourth ventricle with cotton swabs. The pathological changes in the brain ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord were monitored and documented at regular intervals by computed tomography (CT). The CT method is particularly advantageous for studies of this kind because the animals can be examined frequently without risking disturbances in cerebro-spinal fluid dynamics or tissue damage that would result from introduction of contrast media into the ventricular system. Our results and others reported earlier suggest that the dilated central canal acts as a kind of spontaneous CSF deviation route from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space. In spite of the tendency of the animals to recover in a clinical sense, the internal CSF space continued to expand; in cats the disease is progressive, a fact that is readily evident in follow-up CTs. This characteristic indicates that the spontaneous "shunt system" from the fourth ventricle through the dilated central canal to the spinal CSF spaces does not function well enough. Possible explanations for hydrocephalus compensation and the development of hydrosyringomyelia in experimental animals are discussed. PMID- 3217024 TI - Indication for surgery of spinal metastases within the cervical region. AB - A 40-year-old female patient developed a nearly complete tetraparesis within two weeks. Neurological examination showed nearly complete tetraparesis, complete sensory impairment from the level of C4 and hyperreflexia of tendon jerks. Radiological examination showed a space occupying lesion with an extraspinal extension. Operative decompression was carried out and the patient recovered completely within 3 months. PMID- 3217025 TI - An unusual congenital arteriovenous fistula of the vertebral artery and its embolization by a detachable balloon catheter. AB - This report concerns a 4-year-old boy with a pulsating tumor on the left side of the neck. Angiography revealed a congenital arteriovenous fistula of the vertebral artery at C2 level being fed by a left ascending cervical artery. The shunting vessel was cut off by a detachable balloon catheter via the vertebral artery so that the physiological blood supply could be restored. PMID- 3217026 TI - Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children; a long-term follow-up study. AB - The late anatomical and functional results of the conservative treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures were retrospectively studied in 87 children. The average follow-up was 14.5 years; 59 percent of the patients were treated with overhead traction and 32 per cent with a plaster of Paris. The average hospitalization time was 17 days. Rereduction was necessary in 23 patients; 16 of them were primarily treated with overhead traction. The overall results according to Hoyer's criteria were good to excellent in 83 per cent of all cases. These results were comparable with other series with long-term follow-up. Cubitus varus was the most common late complication. Incomplete reduction seems to be the most important cause of this complication. PMID- 3217027 TI - Diagnostic arthroscopy of the knee joint: comparison of the accuracy of physical examination, contrast arthrography and arthroscopy. AB - A group of 474 patients was retrospectively studied to assess the value of physical examination, arthrography and arthroscopy in the diagnosis of knee pathology. In 54% of cases, the correct clinical diagnosis was made from the patient's history, physical examination and standard radiology. The diagnosis at arthrography, especially in chondropathy and synovitis, appeared to be unreliable (only 46% corresponded to the definitive diagnosis). Contrast-arthrography of the knee joint is an invasive technique which provides relatively little extra (reliable) information, and is therefore not suitable as a standard procedure. Diagnostic arthroscopy is a superior and safe technique. Apart from the essential clinical assessment of patients with acute or chronic knee complaints (patient history, physical examination and standard radiology), there is a wide range of indications for diagnostic arthroscopy. PMID- 3217028 TI - Tumors of the ampulla of Vater treated by local resection: a report of five cases. AB - The clinical features, diagnostic work-up and difficulties in establishing a diagnosis on endoscopic biopsy specimens were retrospectively analysed in five patients with ampullary tumors. In addition, the technique of local papillary resection is reported. Indications for local resection are: elderly patients with severe co-existing diseases, patients with benign ampullary tumors which are either adenomatous or show epithelial dysplasia or patients with inconclusive preoperative endoscopic biopsy or peroperative frozen sections. PMID- 3217030 TI - Simultaneous interphalangeal dislocation in one finger. PMID- 3217029 TI - Prevention of pneumothorax during mechanical ventilation using chest tubes in patients with blunt thoracic trauma. PMID- 3217031 TI - Infarction of the stomach wall. PMID- 3217032 TI - Treatment of high anorectal fistulas by anoplasty. AB - The operative treatment of extra- and suprasphincteric anorectal fistulas is reported in three patients. This method, known as anoplasty, is applied following complete excision of the fistulous tract. A rectal mucosal flap is dissected and, after removal of the diseased mucosa, used to cover the fistula opening in the rectum in order to prevent continuous penetration of faecal material into the excised tract. Early experience with anoplasty indicates that this is an effective method in the management of high anorectal fistulas. PMID- 3217034 TI - Parental values and behavior in the outer Fiji Islands. PMID- 3217033 TI - Surgically implanted subcutaneous venous access devices in cancer patients. AB - Subcutaneously implanted venous access devices allow prolonged access with a minimum of discomfort for patients with inadequate peripheral veins or chemotherapy-induced recurrent thrombophlebitis. In 45 cancer patients, 49 venous access devices (Port-A-Cath) were implanted subcutaneously by means of a venous cut-down technique to avoid the risk of pneumothorax. Most catheters were implanted in the deltapectoral groove under local anaesthesia with lidocaine 0.5% and guided by fluoroscopy. The cumulative function time was 22.6 patient years (1177 weeks), the mean function time 24 weeks (range 0-98 weeks). No serious complications were seen. There were two local infections and four occlusions. The patency could be restored in three of these four. Surgical implantation of venous access devices, under local anaesthesia, is a safe method to establish central venous access in cancer patients. The complication rate is low in comparison with percutaneous catheters or AV-fistulas. PMID- 3217035 TI - Parental strategies among the Gusii of Kenya. PMID- 3217036 TI - Fertility, infant feeding, and change in Yucatan. PMID- 3217038 TI - The socialization of infants in suburban Boston. PMID- 3217037 TI - Parental goals and Italian infant care. PMID- 3217039 TI - Parenthood and infancy in Sweden. PMID- 3217040 TI - Maternal behavior to infants in five cultures. PMID- 3217041 TI - [Follow-up of 53 patients with ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 3217043 TI - Nursing informatics: the pathway to knowledge. PMID- 3217042 TI - The potential of information systems in nursing. PMID- 3217044 TI - Taming the computer jungle of NISs. PMID- 3217045 TI - Database management: solving information overload. PMID- 3217046 TI - Computerized nurse assessments. PMID- 3217047 TI - DSS, ES, AI: the lexicon of decision support. PMID- 3217048 TI - How can we enhance nursing knowledge and practice? PMID- 3217050 TI - Nerve growth factor-like activity in the rat pituitary intermediate lobe. AB - Nerve growth factor (NGF)-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the rat pituitary intermediate lobe by indirect immunofluorescence method using antisera specific to beta-NGF isolated from adult male mouse submaxillary salivary gland. Co-culture of frozen or fresh intermediate lobes with newborn rat superior cervical ganglion resulted in marked fiber growth from the ganglion, which was totally inhibited by NGF antiserum, suggesting the presence in situ and secretion in vitro of biologically active pituitary NGF. Pituitary stalk transection caused decrease in both the NGF immunoreactivity and biological activity. These findings suggest that pituitary NGF level is under neural regulation. PMID- 3217051 TI - Molecular differentiation of the otic vesicle and neural tube in the chick embryo demonstrated by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against membrane fractions of the chick neural tube and somite. These MAbs selectively stained the neural tube and neural crest cells; the antigens for some of these MAbs were identified as cell adhesion molecules or glycolipids. Histochemistry of the otic vesicle and its progeny in the chick embryo was performed with these MAbs and other MAbs obtained previously in our laboratory. It was demonstrated that differentiation of the otic placode and vesicle from the ectoderm, and development of the acoustic ganglion from the otic vesicle were accompanied by the appearance and disappearance of various molecules. PMID- 3217049 TI - Myelin formation in rat dorsal root ganglion cultured in a serum-free medium: influence of various culture media on myelin formation. AB - Survival and myelination in dorsal root ganglion culture were observed using 6 kinds of modified commercial serum-free media: MEM, neMEM, alpha-MEM, DMEM, F12 medium and DF medium (see Materials and Methods). The results showed that the survival rates of dorsal root ganglia cultured in alpha-MEM and DF medium are the highest and that the rates of myelinated ganglia are the highest when alpha-MEM is used as culture medium, as compared with other serum-free media. PMID- 3217052 TI - Bimodal effects of noxious stimuli on vasopressin secretion in rats. AB - Effects of electric foot shocks (FSs) on plasma immunoreactive vasopressin (ir VP) were studied in relation to FS frequency in conscious and anesthetized rats under a hypertonic condition. The plasma ir-VP level was significantly lower after low-frequency FSs (0.05-0.2 Hz) but significantly higher after high frequency FSs (5 Hz) in conscious rats. Plasma ir-VP was significantly higher in anesthetized rats after FSs at frequencies of either 0.2 or 50 Hz compared to unshocked control rats. These data support the hypothesis that FSs activate two distinct neural mechanisms: one potentiates and the other suppresses VP secretion. PMID- 3217053 TI - Neural transection between preoptic area and septum inhibits maternal behavior in female and male rats. AB - Artificially-induced maternal behavior was examined in inexperienced female and male rats following neural transection between the preoptic area and the septum. Anterior roof deafferentation (ARD) of the preoptic area (POA) was performed with an L-shaped microknife. Virgin female and male rats with or without ARD were exposed to the continuous presence of normal pups to induce maternal behavior 3 weeks after surgery. ARD resulted in a significant delay of the onset of maternal behavior in females and a lack of complete development of maternal behavior in males, compared with corresponding sham-operated and intact controls. The results indicate that neural substrates dorsal to the POA play an important role in modulating the expression of maternal behavior in the rat. PMID- 3217054 TI - Electrophysiological detection of acetylcholinesterase activity using concentration clamp on physically isolated Aplysia neurons. AB - In this study, we have used electrophysiological techniques to evaluate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity on single neurons physically isolated from the pedal ganglia of Aplysia californica and kurodai. Acetylcholine (ACh) was applied to cells having Na-dependent response using a concentration clamp technique which allows a step-like complete change of external medium around the cell (diameter more than 120 micron) within 30 msec. When the neuron was exposed to ACh (50 microM) initially by rapid and brief (400-800 msec) flow and continuously after stopping the perfusion, the induced current rose to a peak and then decayed in the presence of ACh. However, the current increased again when the rapid flow of the same ACh solution around the cell was resumed. The increase in the current by the resumption of the perfusion was not seen when carbachol was substituted for ACh or when extraordinarily high concentration (10 mM) of ACh was used. Furthermore, this increase in the current was blocked by the antiAChE agent, edrophonium, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) causes a local depletion of ACh at the membrane surface where the rate of hydrolysis of ACh exceeds the rate of ACh diffusion from bulk solution and the increase in the current by the resumption of the perfusion resulted from the restoration of ACh concentration at the membrane surface. This electrophysiological indication of AChE activity may be a useful tool for the study of AChE by other than biochemical means. PMID- 3217056 TI - Potassium supplementation in essential hypertension. PMID- 3217055 TI - Nerve growth factor-mediated sexual differentiation of the rat hypothalamus. AB - Injection of antibody to nerve growth factor into the cerebral lateral ventricle blocked testosterone-induced behavioral defeminization of neonatal female rats. When tested as adults following ovariectomy and combined estrogen-progesterone treatment, the injected animals showed a significantly higher lordosis quotient than the testosterone-treated, normal rabbit serum-infused controls. Failure of vaginal opening and clitoral enlargement manifested the well-documented masculinizing effect of testosterone on the genitalia in the experimental as well as the control animals. Estrogen sensitivity of hypothalamic neurons which are responsible for the induction of lordosis was retained in the experimental animals. Recordings of the antidromic action potentials from neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus following stimulation of the midbrain central gray revealed that estrogen decreased the antidromic activation threshold and shortened the absolute refractory period of the hypothalamic efferents along with the estrogen-induced behavioral activation in the experimental animals. In the control group, the estrogen-induced neuronal activation was lost altogether with the behavioral activation. PMID- 3217057 TI - What the cervical cancer inquiry report means for nurses. PMID- 3217059 TI - Enrolled nurses: a clouded future. PMID- 3217058 TI - Hauora: an indictment on social equality. PMID- 3217060 TI - Adopting a grandparent. PMID- 3217061 TI - Who says it's boring to talk about your operation? A story for nurses by a nurse. PMID- 3217062 TI - Caesarean section: a case study. PMID- 3217063 TI - Bone scintigraphy in polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy. AB - Five patients with polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLO-SL) were investigated using bone scintigraphy. Abnormal findings were detected in hands, wrists, knees, ankles and feet of all five patients. PMID- 3217064 TI - Scintigraphy in lung cancer. PMID- 3217065 TI - Uptake of 99Tcm-MDP in lung metastasis from osteosarcoma: clinical and animal studies. AB - Bone scintigraphy was performed in 17 patients with previously known lung metastases of osteosarcoma. 99Tcm-MDP uptake was observed in all primary bone lesions but lung metastatic lesions were positive in only six patients (35%). 99Tcm-MDP uptake by lung metastases was significantly correlated with bone and osteoid formation in the metastatic lesions and preoperative serum ALPase values. These clinical observations were confirmed by using nude mice transplanted with human lung metastatic osteosarcoma. 99Tcm-MDP scintigraphy appears to be useful for detecting lung metastases of osteosarcoma only in a selected group of patients. PMID- 3217066 TI - Scintigraphic oesophageal clearance in diabetics: clinical usefulness. AB - The whole digestive tract is one of the sites most involved in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. The aim of this work was to validate the clinical usefulness of oesophageal scintigraphy in the early detection of this complication of diabetes. Eighty-one diabetic patients without oesophageal symptoms were studied by solid meal scintigraphic test (SMST) and 35 out of them also by liquid meal scintigraphic test (LMST). As controls, 20 normal volunteers were studied by LMST and 14 by SMST. Forty-seven diabetics studied by SMST were also evaluated by cardiovascular tests (CT) and for the presence of retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. The most statistically significant difference between diabetics and controls was found at 75s with SMST. SMST results showed a statistically significant correlation with CT. No correlation was found with the presence of retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. We conclude that SMST is a useful, safe, low-cost diagnostic tool in the detection of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 3217067 TI - Microbiological contamination of 99Tcm eluates. PMID- 3217068 TI - 99Tcm-labelled leucocyte imaging in active rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A simplified technique of labelling leucocytes with technetium-99m is described and applied to patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. The clinically active and less active knees in seven patients were imaged and the uptake of labelled leucocytes was measured. The measurements were repeated after local steroid injection into nine painful knees. A 50-80% reduction in leucocyte uptake localized to the region of the synovium was demonstrated in the eight knees which showed clinical responses and a rise of 8% in the non-responder. There was a variable response in the knees that were not injected. 99Tcm leucocyte imaging in rheumatoid arthritis is able to assess objectively joint inflammation and its response to treatment. PMID- 3217069 TI - Detection of splenosis: 99Tcm tin colloid scanning and computed transmission tomography compared. AB - Ten patients who had been splenectomized for trauma between 1 and 11 years previously were studied by computed tomography (CT) and radionuclide scanning with 99Tcm tin colloid on the same day. Computed tomography detected splenic tissue in three patients. Radionuclide scanning detected splenic tissue in eight patients, including two cases of typical splenosis not identified by CT. Radionuclide scanning was found to be more sensitive in the detection of residual splenic tissue than CT. PMID- 3217070 TI - Accuracy of gated equilibrium radioventriculography in measuring left ventricular function in dogs. AB - To assess the precision of gated equilibrium radioventriculography in measuring changes in left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV), we studied five dogs each with a chronically implanted electromagnetic flowmeter on the ascending aorta. Per cent changes in left ventricular stroke counts (LVSC) were compared to those in LVSV following acute changes induced by positive end respiratory pressure. We have compared LVSCs calculated in five different ways: (1) Manual outlining of LV region of interest (LVROI), either single fixed enddiastolic (ED) ROI or ED and endsystolic (ES) ROIs with the aid of functional images (first harmonic of Fourier analysis); (2-5) automatic outlining of LV ROI (the algorithm generated 30 profiles on which the maximum of second derivative delineated the LV edges) was performed either on ED image or both ED and ES images. For these four methods a crescent-shaped ROI for background correction was manually drawn at the border of the LV ROI. The fifth method used an automatically drawn single fixed LVED ROI with interpolative background substraction (IBS) between LV and RV edges. LVSC changes, calculated with the IBS method correlated better with LVSV changes than the other four methods. Thus assessment of small LVSC changes is highly processing-dependent. PMID- 3217071 TI - Fools rush in... PMID- 3217073 TI - Time = life. PMID- 3217072 TI - 'Who was that masked man?' Elicits a different response now. PMID- 3217074 TI - Companies reap benefits, student interns learn worksite strategies. PMID- 3217075 TI - Respirator comfort: the password to progress in respiratory protection. PMID- 3217076 TI - Indoor air quality complaints stem from variety of causes. PMID- 3217077 TI - Closed building syndrome: a legacy from the '70s we could do without. PMID- 3217078 TI - Outraged. PMID- 3217079 TI - Gloves deserve applause. PMID- 3217081 TI - Space-age technology sends hearing protection industry into orbit. PMID- 3217080 TI - Boeing worker safety checked by computer-controlled warning system. PMID- 3217082 TI - Exceptional safety programs can be dangerous to your health. PMID- 3217084 TI - Integration, not confidentiality the issue in employee assistance. PMID- 3217083 TI - Health management personnel choice requires careful definition of needs. PMID- 3217085 TI - Allergists, clinical ecologists view MCS puzzle from different angles. PMID- 3217086 TI - Laying the groundwork. PMID- 3217087 TI - Emergency procedure. PMID- 3217089 TI - Of whiskey, gold and shotgun shells. PMID- 3217088 TI - Patient records and the media. PMID- 3217090 TI - A field outbreak in Ile-de-France sheep of a cardiotoxicosis caused by the plant Pachystigma pygmaeum (Schltr) Robyns (Rubiaceae). AB - A field outbreak of Pachystigma pygmaeum intoxication in sheep is described. Noteworthy clinical signs were: respiratory distress, apathy and subcutaneous oedema of mainly the head. Gross changes included cardiomegaly, centrilobular hepatic necrosis and effusion of body cavities. Microscopically myocardial fibrosis, affecting predominantly the endocardium of the apex, left free ventricular wall and interventricular septum, was most striking in the majority of animals, whilst myofibre atrophy was present in 1 sheep. PMID- 3217091 TI - Leukoencephalomalacia in a horse induced by fumonisin B1 isolated from Fusarium moniliforme. AB - Each of two horses was dosed by stomach tube with culture material on maize of Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826. One horse developed severe hepatosis and mild oedema of the brain after 6 doses of 2.5 g of culture material/kg body mass/day in 7 days. The second horse, in a similar experiment but at a dosage rate of 1.25 g/kg/day, developed mild hepatosis and moderate oedema of the brain. In both animals the brain oedema was particularly noticeable in the medulla oblongata. The mycotoxin fumonisin B1 was extracted and purified from the culture material of F. moniliforme MRC, 826 which contained approximately 1 g/kg of this compound. A horse was injected intravenously 7 times from Day 0-Day 9 with 0.125 mg of fumonisin B1/kg body mass/day. Clinical signs of neurotoxicosis, which appeared on Day 8, included nervousness followed by apathy, a wide-based stance, trembling, ataxia, reluctance to move, paresis of the lower lip and tongue, and an inability to eat or drink. Euthanasia was performed on the horse on Day 10 while the animal was in a tetanic convulsion. The principal lesions were severe oedema of the brain and early, bilaterally symmetrical, focal necrosis in the medulla oblongata. This report provides experimental evidence that fumonisin B1, produced by F. moniliforme, causes equine leukoencephalomalacia. PMID- 3217092 TI - The use of electronarcosis as anaesthetic in the cichlid, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). II. The effects of changing physical and electrical parameters on the narcotizing ability of alternating current. AB - The effects of wave form, voltage, frequency and current as well as application time on the narcotizing ability of alternating current were investigated. A 60 Vrms, 50 Hz sine wave current applied for 30 s produced narcosis of sufficient duration to enable handling and blood sampling. A triangle wave form was inferior in narcotizing ability to both sine wave and square wave forms. Duration of narcosis increased with increasing water conductivity but was reduced by increasing water temperatures. PMID- 3217093 TI - The presence of endotoxin activity in cases of experimentally-induced heartwater in sheep. AB - The presence of endotoxin was examined in 5 sheep with experimentally-induced heartwater. Two peaks in endotoxin levels were recorded in 4 out of the 5 sheep during the acute stage of the disease. The 1st peak coincided with or occurred shortly after the febrile reaction (over 40 degrees C). The 2nd peak occurred 3-5 days after the 1st, and in 2 sheep this 2nd elevation in endotoxin levels was associated with severe clinical signs (rapid and laboured breathing, cyanosis and recumbency), and 1 of the 2 sheep died on the day of the 2nd elevation. Both endotoxin peaks were of short duration and levels had decreased in the 24-h follow-up samples. PMID- 3217094 TI - Experimental gallop rhythm in sheep with Gousiekte: correlation of changes in amplitude with haemodynamic parameters. AB - To investigate the correlation of haemodynamic parameters with the intensity of the gallop sound (S3), use was made of right heart catheterization with a Swan Ganz catheter to measure the pulmonary and right atrial pressures. The cardiac output was determined with the thermodilution method. A radiocardiogram was obtained after a bolus injection of technetium pertechnetate. The cardiopulmonary flow-index was obtained from the simultaneous recordings of the radiocardiogram and an electrocardiogram. With the haemodynamic parameters, heart sounds were recorded simultaneously and externally with a microphone. Eight Merino sheep were dosed with dried Pachystigma pygmaeum (Schltr) Robyns plant material through rumen fistulas until the clinical symptoms of heart failure such as gallop sounds, systolic murmurs and haemodynamic symptoms as well as increases in end diastolic pressure and decreases in stroke volume, appeared. After the appearance of the symptoms the sheep were treated symptomatically to delay the development of the cardiomyopathy. The changes in haemodynamic parameters before and after treatment were used and correlated with the intensity of the gallop sounds on a 6 point criterium scale. The results in brief show that, for gallop sound intensities between 0 and 6 on the criterium scale, most of the haemodynamic parameters correlate with the intensity of the gallop sounds, except the cardiac output, cardiopulmonary blood volume and the systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. The haemodynamic parameters correlate better with the intensities of the gallop rhythm between 0 and 3. It is evident from this study that the model of heart failure in sheep is useful to study heart sounds and may also be valuable in the study of the genesis of the gallop sound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3217095 TI - Hybridization of DNA probes to A. marginale isolates from different sources and detection in Dermacentor andersoni ticks. AB - DNA from the Washington, South-Idaho, Virginia and Florida isolates of Anaplasma marginale was hybridized to probes specific for Anaplasma centrale and A. marginale. The A. centrale probes AC-2 and AC-4 hybridized to identical bands on all of these isolates. The hybridization patterns suggests that the Virginia, Florida and the South African isolates are similar. A number of bands were obtained with the Washington isolate which differed from those obtained with the other isolates. Probe AC-2 could be developed to identify relatedness among Anaplasma isolates. Probe AC-2 detected A. marginale DNA in midgut material from infected Dermacentor andersoni ticks. No hybridization was obtained with DNA from salivary gland tissues from these infected ticks. PMID- 3217096 TI - Parasites of South African wildlife. II. Helminths of kudu, tragelaphus strepsiceros, from South West Africa/Namibia. AB - A total of 23 kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros, were shot at 2-month intervals from June 1983 to April 1984 in the Etosha Game Reserve in the north of South West Africa/Namibia. The parasite survey conducted on these animals yielded 2 cestode and 12 nematode species. Haemonchus vegliai and Cooperia neitzi were the most prevalent nematodes and occurred in 13 animals each, followed by Cooperia acutispiculum and an Onchocerca sp. (9 animals each). The remaining nematodes were present in 4 (17%) or fewer of the antelope. C. neitzi was the most numerous nematode, a total of 3,564 being recovered from all the antelope, followed by C. acutispiculum (2,552) and H. vegliai (1,050). Individual total worm burdens varied from 4-1,326 with 2 kudu harbouring no worms. The mean burden of 399 worms was considered negligible. A single kudu was shot in the Namib-Naukluft Park in the south of the country. This animal harboured no parasites. PMID- 3217097 TI - The presence of Cowdria ruminantium antigen in various tissues of Amblyomma hebraeum imagines as detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Investigation into the presence of C. ruminantium antigen, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in various tick tissues and haemolymph of adult Amblyomma hebraeum ticks revealed that the organism invades a number of body parts and can be demonstrated in A. hebraeum. In females, the gut, salivary glands, hypodermis and synganglion and in males, the salivary glands and gut showed the highest concentration. PMID- 3217098 TI - [Possible pathological effects of the antibiotic content of milk on humans in Hungary]. PMID- 3217100 TI - [Nation-wide registration of congenital malformations in Hungary. Final data for 1986 and preliminary data for 1987]. PMID- 3217099 TI - [Nutritional recommendations for the healthy adult population in Hungary]. PMID- 3217101 TI - [Stress, its consequences and its control by the nursing personnel presented by means of studies and personal empirical work]. PMID- 3217102 TI - [Psychiatric nursing through the ages]. PMID- 3217103 TI - [Truth at the bedside--physician and nursing between reality and humaneness]. PMID- 3217104 TI - [The significance of the center-edge angle in the prognosis of the dislocated hip 50 years after its initial description by Wiberg]. AB - In a small child, the prognosis of hip dysplasia is determined most of all by the quality of the covering over the femoral head. A simple radiometric expression of the extent repositioning has been achieved is Wiberg's CE angle (1939). It is suggested that a new classification be established for the critical area: between 10 degrees and 20 degrees. Other criteria for evaluating dysplasia of the hip are suitable for establishing the prognosis--assuming they include the socket; however, their application is often more complicated. Deformation of the femoral head, the CCD angle, and antetorsion of the femoral head are less suitable predictors. In the 100 patients with uni- or bilateral CDH, the long-term follow up (mean of 47 years), indicates that there is an extraordinarily high incidence of arthrosis. PMID- 3217105 TI - [Approaches in computer-assisted surgical planning in hip dislocation]. AB - From a sequence of planar CT pictures of the hip joint the diagnostically relevant contours are extracted on a graphic monitor by means of an image analysis process. To do this an image preprocessing is necessary to improve the quality of the CT pictures. These contour data permit a mathematical surface model of the hip joint to be derived using well-known methods of simulating an osteotomy. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the cartilage surface by MRI will be possible in the future. It will then be possible to plan computer-aided osteotomies with high accuracy. PMID- 3217106 TI - [Late results of the Colonna arthroplasty]. AB - A long term follow-up study (20-26 years after the original surgery) is presented of 7 patients who underwent a capsular arthroplasty according to the method of Colonna for congenital hip dislocation. Clinically and, in part also radiologically, the results were amazingly good. If we respect a few essential rules before, during and after the operation, all aiming at avoiding hyperpressure in the hip joint, the Colonna procedure may still be an alternative to more modern reconstructive procedures of the acetabulum. This is particularly true for congenital dislocations in the older child or unsuccessfully treated high residual subluxations. In both cases the cartilage of the acetabulum is altered and deformed to such an extent, that no method can make it fit the femoral head, which is also deformed. PMID- 3217107 TI - [Long-term results of the Salter pelvic osteotomy]. AB - We report the long-term results obtained with Salter's innominate osteotomy over an average follow-up time of 24 years. In 8 of 9 hips the innominate osteotomy was combined with an intertrochanteric femoral osteotomy. On average the acetabular angle was improved by 12 degrees. By 11 years post-operatively the acetabular angle had stabilized at a mean of 16 degrees, subsequently remaining the same through the follow-up period. The centre angle was improved by approximately 20 degrees. By 8 years post-operatively it was in the normal range around 27 degrees, remaining unchanged until the most recent follow-up examination. Among the 9 patients who were followed up there was only one mild deformity of the femoral head. We recommend Salter's innominate osteotomy for the treatment of dysplastic acetabulae with an acetabular angle of not much more than 40 degrees, for patients 2-4 years of age, and occasionally up to the age of 6. PMID- 3217108 TI - [Osteotomy to lengthen the femur neck with distal adjustment of the trochanter major in coxa vara after hip dislocation]. AB - Hip dysplasia and treated dislocations of the hip can lead to deformity of the proximal femur with shortening of the femoral neck and proximal displacement of the greater trochanter. Shortening the femoral neck causes a reduction in the leg length and insufficient performance of the abductors in the hip. Furthermore, the mechanical axis of the knee joint is lateralized. We used a technique involving lengthening the femoral neck and distal transfer of the greater trochanter to restore the normal anatomy and normal biomechanics of the hip joint. We used three osteotomies: one at the greater trochanter, one at the proximal, and the third an oblique osteotomy at the level of the distal femoral neck. In our group of 15 patients with 16 operated hip joints, the results were satisfactory in 14 of the 16 hips. This technique is recommended in young patients with little or no degenerative changes. PMID- 3217109 TI - Increased expression of growth factor mRNAs accompanies viral transformation of rodent cells. AB - Transforming growth factors-alpha and beta (TGF-alpha and -beta) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), three distinct peptide hormones, acting together, are able to potentiate the phenotypic transformation of normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. Cells transformed by retroviruses have been shown to secrete increased levels of TGF-alpha, TGF-beta and PDGF. We report here that Harvey sarcoma virus transformed NIH-3T3 cells and Moloney sarcoma virus-transformed NRK cells show increased expression of the mRNAs for TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, PDGF A-chain and nerve growth factor (NGF) compared to their untransformed counterparts. No amplification or rearrangement in the genomic DNA is seen in the transformed cells. In tumor tissue formed by subcutaneous injection of Ha-3T3 cells, this enhanced level of TGF-beta mRNA returns to the control level of the untransformed cells. The increase in TGF-beta mRNA in the transformed cells is paralleled by an increase in the level of TGF-beta protein as shown by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting procedures using specific TGF-beta antibodies. PMID- 3217110 TI - The bcr gene is joined to c-abl in Ph1 chromosome negative chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - The relationship between chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with and without the Ph1 chromosome is controversial. Although some suggest that these disorders are identical, other reports suggest that Ph1 chromosome negative CML is a distinct entity. To resolve this issue, we studied 11 patients with Ph1 chromosome negative CML for the translocation of the Abelson proto-oncogene (c-abl) to the breakpoint cluster region gene (bcr), internal genomic rearrangement of bcr, and transcription of a chimeric bcr/abl mRNA. Our data indicate that c-abl is translocated to chromosome 22 where it is inserted after exon "2" or "3" of the bcr gene. This results in transcription of a chimeric bcr/abl mRNA in which the splice is between bcr exon "2" or "3" and c-abl exon 2. These data suggest that CML with and without the Ph1 chromosome are molecularly identical disorders with regard to bcr and abl. PMID- 3217112 TI - [Electric response audiometry (ERA) in patients with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3217111 TI - Tumorigenic transformation of rat FR3T3 fibroblasts carrying an activated myc oncogene requires subsequent mutational events. AB - Early passage FR3T3 rat cells were co-transfected with a neo resistance gene and pSVc-myc-1, an SV40-driven expression vector carrying an activated murine myc oncogene. Selection in G418 medium produced clones expressing the exogenous myc gene at various levels, with a concomitant loss of expression of the normal c-myc allele. These clones were phenotypically normal, but, in fluctuation tests performed according to Luria and Delbruck (1943) on subcultures independently derived from the same clone, transformed foci appeared as stochastic events with a wide range of fluctuation. These results indicate that expression of the oncogene was not sufficient to induce the appearance of transformed growth properties, and that secondary genetic changes are required, most likely mutations in cellular proto-oncogenes. Within a single clone, independent transformants exhibited different tumorigenic potentials, spanning from high efficiency to no detectable tumor induction, without any clear correlation with their degree of in vitro transformation. Tumors and cell lines established from independent tumors, while maintaining the exogenous myc gene without gross rearrangement of its structure, no longer expressed the oncogene and resumed the expression of the normal allele. PMID- 3217113 TI - [Impedance audiometry and the sonomotor reflex in post-traumatic lesions of the facial nerve]. PMID- 3217114 TI - [Lower Silesia register of laryngeal neoplasms (1981-1985)]. PMID- 3217115 TI - [Hamartoma of the base of the tongue]. PMID- 3217116 TI - [Reconstruction of the larynx after extended fronto-lateral laryngectomy using a muco-cartilaginous transplant from the nasal septum]. PMID- 3217117 TI - [Surgical treatment of epiglottic cancer with voice preservation. Success factors]. PMID- 3217118 TI - [Copper levels and the presence of free radical reaction products in the sera of patients with cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 3217119 TI - [Results of studies of the immunological status of patients with laryngeal cancer before treatment]. PMID- 3217120 TI - [Effect of sodium fluoride on the activity of the otosclerotic process]. PMID- 3217121 TI - [Changes in selected biochemical indicators in long-term treatment of otosclerosis with sodium fluoride]. PMID- 3217122 TI - [Differential diagnosis of sudden deafness]. PMID- 3217123 TI - [Closed or open tympanoplasty in cholesteatoma of the ear]. PMID- 3217124 TI - [Surgical treatment of nasal obstruction. Turbinoplasty]. PMID- 3217125 TI - [Serum iron levels in various otorhinolaryngologic diseases]. PMID- 3217126 TI - Eimeria tenella: immunological diversity between asexual generations. AB - In the development of a normal strain, WIS, of Eimeria tenella there are three generations of schizogony whereas in an attenuated line, WIS-F-96, derived from WIS, the second and third are absent. Chickens immunized by infection with WIS-F 96, however, were highly resistant to oral challenge with sporulated oocysts of WIS, and histological studies indicated that the immune response was directed against the sporozoites from that challenge inoculum. When challenge of the WIS-F 96-primed chickens consisted of second generation merozoites of WIS (inoculated intracaecally), immunity was less pronounced and the histological data indicated that the merozoites proceeded to develop normally in these birds. These indications of immunological diversity between the merozoites of the first and second generations of schizogony of E. tenella WIS correlated with the results of preliminary studies of the antigenic composition of these developmental stages. PMID- 3217127 TI - Lymphocyte phenotypes in the abomasal mucosa of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the abomasal mucosa of worm-free and parasitized sheep were assessed in situ. A preponderance of T-lymphocytes, with approximately equal numbers of cells expressing CD5, CD4 and CD8 antigens, was found. Most of the lymphocytes expressing CD8 lacked CD5. Using a panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies to ovine leucocyte antigens, abomasal lymphoid follicles in the mucosa were shown to resemble lymph node follicles phenotypically. Abomasal epithelial cells contained major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen. Infection or hyperimmunization of pasture-reared sheep with the gastric nematode Haemonchus contortus increased the numbers of mucosal mast cells and eosinophils but did not alter the phenotypic composition or number of mucosal lymphocytes or the pattern of expression of MHC class II antigens. PMID- 3217128 TI - The effect of immunosuppression with dexamethasone on Haemonchus contortus infections in genetically resistant merino sheep. AB - The effect of immunosuppression with the glucocorticosteroid, dexamethasone, on the susceptibility to Haemonchus contortus infection of a highly resistant Merino genotype was investigated. Higher faecal egg counts, larger worm burdens and heavier worms were recorded in immunosuppressed wethers. The characteristic globule leucocyte infiltrate in the abomasum of resistant wethers (12-month-old castrated males) was absent in immunosuppressed animals. Treatment with dexamethasone abolished differences between resistant and susceptible genotypes in faecal egg counts, worm weights, thymus weights and globule leucocyte responses to infection with H. contortus. These results suggest that an immunological basis underlies the high level of resistance to infection in the resistant genotype. PMID- 3217129 TI - Western blot analysis of reactivity to larval and adult Strongyloides ratti antigens in mice. AB - Mice were infected once, twice or many times with Strongyloides ratti infective larvae, and the parasite was allowed to complete its development. Other mice were infected many times with either infective larvae only, by aborting the infection with cambendazole, or with adult worms transferred by intra-oesophageal intubation. Sera from these animals were analysed by immunoblotting against SDS PAGE separations of larval and adult worm water-soluble, deoxycholate-soluble, sodium dodecyl sulphate-soluble and excretory/secretory antigens. Minimal antibody responses were observed after primary and secondary infections. Mice exposed to multiple complete infections reacted strongly to both larval and adult antigens but greater responses were observed against the larval preparations. Stage-specific effects were noted in mice infected with larvae only or adult worms only. Mice exposed only to larvae reacted with larval antigens and to a minor degree to somatic adult worm antigens while those mice which were exposed only to adult worms failed to react with any of the antigen preparations. Some cross-reactions were found, however, as mice infected only with larvae displayed strong reactions against both larval and adult excretory/secretory products. These data demonstrate differences in sero-reactivity to infective larvae and adult worms and suggest that humoral immunity is induced by larvae migrating through the tissues and not by adult worms in the gut. PMID- 3217130 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Giardia-specific IgA in mouse intestinal secretions. AB - We describe an ELISA for trophozoite-specific IgA in the intestinal secretions of mice infected with Giardia muris. Using this method, trophozoite-specific IgA was demonstrated in intestinal secretions of Giardia-infected immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Such antibody was undetectable in the intestinal secretions of Giardia infected athymic (nude) mice. Immunocompetent BALB/c mice are able to clear G. muris infection whereas nude mice are not. The study provides evidence that the chronicity of G. muris infection in nude mice results from lack of intestinal trophozoite-specific IgA in these animals. By means of the ELISA, trophozoite specific IgA was demonstrated in intestinal secretions from immunocompetent mice in the absence of protease inhibitors. PMID- 3217131 TI - Quality Recertification. PMID- 3217132 TI - The modny rod. PMID- 3217133 TI - Limping child--osteochondritis dissecans of the talus. PMID- 3217134 TI - Postsurgical epidural hematoma reproducing a lumbar radiculopathy. AB - A 24-year-old man presented to the spine service with an epidural hematoma three weeks after a successful decompressive laminectomy. Recurrence of the symptoms correlated with the repeat operative findings of a tenting hematoma over the area of the annular window. On decompression, the S1 nerve root relaxed in the L5-S1 gutter, effectively controlling the patient's symptoms and resulting in complete resolution of his pain. Radiographic and operative findings are discussed. PMID- 3217135 TI - False negative bone scans in pediatric sepsis of the axial skeleton. AB - The early diagnosis of disk space infections and sacroiliitis in children can be difficult because of protean presenting symptoms, nonspecific laboratory studies, and normal plain films. Technetium phosphate scintigraphy has been reported as a diagnostic method with an accuracy of up to 100% in some series. In this case report we present two patients with negative technetium bone scans in the face of active infection, illustrating the need to pursue the diagnosis using other modalities. PMID- 3217136 TI - Tips of the trade #7. A sterile pneumatic tourniquet for surgical procedures about the elbow. AB - Operative procedures involving the elbow require careful surgical dissection to avoid injury to the ulnar nerve with its delicate branches and vascular supply. Sterile pneumatic tourniquets can facilitate visualization of the involved structures without compromising the surgical exposure. PMID- 3217137 TI - Team physician #4. Avulsion fracture of the distal tibial epiphysis in skeletally immature athletes (juvenile Tillaux fracture). AB - Adolescent athletic injuries are special in that they differ from those of the skeletally mature athlete in several respects. The physis is weaker than the ligaments, so that the typical mechanism of injury, which might be expected to result in a syndesmosis sprain of the ankle in adults with subsequent tearing of the ligaments, frequently causes an epiphyseal avulsion in children. The potential for leg length discrepancy and growth aberrations exists only if a significant amount of growth remains in the unfused epiphysis. The juvenile Tillaux fracture of the anterolateral distal tibial epiphysis is rare because it requires a specific mechanism of injury of dorsiflexion and external rotation at a time when the tibial epiphysis is fused medially but open laterally. We have also noted in these injuries a tear of the interosseous ligament, which has not previously been stressed in the literature. Intraoperative findings have helped to clarify the pathoanatomy and mechanism of injury. Anatomic reduction is necessary to prevent posttraumatic sequelae. PMID- 3217138 TI - Attempts to protect goats against challenge with Trypanosoma vivax by initiation of primary infections with large numbers of metacyclic trypanosomes. AB - Attempts were made to immunize goats by infection with large numbers of metacyclic trypanosomes of a clone of Trypanosoma vivax, followed by chemotherapy. Five groups of 6 goats each were infected intradermally with 5 different doses of cultured metacyclics of T. vivax, ranging from 10(2) to 10(6) trypanosomes/goat. Four weeks after infection, the goats were treated with 10 mg/kg diminazene aceturate (Berenil, Hoechst A.G.). Three weeks after treatment, 3 goats in each group were challenged intradermally with 10(4) homologous metacyclics derived from culture. The remaining 3 goats in each group were challenged by 20 tsetse infected with the homologous clone. Five out of 30 goats were resistant to homologous challenge; 4 of the goats that had been challenged with culture parasites, and 1 that had been challenged by tsetse. In each group 1 goat was protected. Protection was therefore not apparently influenced by the number of trypanosomes used to establish the primary infection. In another experiment, 6 goats were each infected by feeding 100 tsetse on the goats for 15 consecutive days. Three weeks after infection the goats were treated with Berenil and 3 weeks later challenged by 20 tsetse infected with the homologous clone. Three out of the 6 goats resisted challenge. The susceptible goats in both experiments, however, showed a reduction in the peak of parasitaemia following challenge compared with both challenge controls and the initial infections. Lytic antibodies to cultured metacyclics of T. vivax were detected in goats that resisted challenge after a primary infection with cultured metacyclics, and in resistant and susceptible goats after a primary infection by tsetse. All infected goats produced lytic antibodies to live bloodstream forms, as well as antibodies to bloodstream form lysates (demonstrated by ELISA). It is suggested that the immunity that had been induced in some of the experimental animals is due to antibody responses to both metacyclic and bloodstream variable antigen types (VATs) expressed during infection. PMID- 3217139 TI - Effect of repeated anthelmintic treatment on ability to detect predisposition of mice to Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Aspiculuris tetraptera (Nematoda) infections. AB - Several recent studies have demonstrated predisposition of certain humans to heavy gastro-intestinal nematode infections. This finding has been used to support the concept of community control of nematodes based on selective treatment of the few heavily infected individuals in the community. A mouse model has been used in this study to determine whether those individuals found to be 'predisposed' to heavy infection continue to regain heavy nematode infections following repeated anthelmintic treatments. Re-infection was examined over 3 intervals of 8 weeks in 52 mice and individual worm burdens attained following drug-induced expulsion were analysed. In the case of Heligmosomoides polygyrus, parasite numbers obtained after first treatment were only significantly correlated with those obtained after the second treatment. Re-infection levels in mice during the second and third re-infection periods did not correlate with parasite loads at the beginning of the study. In the case of Aspiculuris tetraptera, correlations after each re-infection period remained significant, although the magnitude of the correlation coefficient decreased with successive re-infection intervals. The data suggest that a selective control programme based on repeated screening to identify heavily infected individuals prior to each treatment would reduce the number of H. polygyrus in the host population 17.6% more than a single screening at the beginning of the control programme, and would reduce the number of A. tetraptera by 14% more than a single screening. Re infection rates for H. polygyrus were shown to decrease with increasing mouse age whereas re-infection rates for A. tetraptera increased with increasing mouse age. PMID- 3217140 TI - The formation of the first-stage cuticle within the egg of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. AB - The ultrastructure of the formation of the first-stage cuticle within the egg of Trichostrongylus colubriformis is described. The first indication of cuticle formation was the formation of the epicuticle external to the epidermal plasma membrane. This becomes thickened to form the epicuticle of the fully formed cuticle. Microtubules and microfilaments associated with the epidermal plasma membrane were observed during the early phases of cuticle formation. The basal zone was secreted into the space between the epicuticle and the epidermal plasma membrane, followed by the formation of the cortical zone. The basal zone had a striated appearance during the earliest stages of its formation. PMID- 3217141 TI - Effect of age and initial infection intensity on the rate of reinfection with Trichuris trichiura after treatment. AB - The study examines the rate of re-acquisition of Trichuris trichiura infection after treatment in two populations, one of mixed age and the other of children with known pre-intervention infection intensity. A population living in a Caribbean village was treated with mebendazole and the rate of reacquisition of infection of four age classes (2-4, 5-10, 11-30, 30+ years) monitored over a 20 month period. The reinfection rate was higher in the child age-classes indicating either that children are more exposed to infection or that adults slowly develop a partially effective acquired immunity. A cohort of children (mean age 4.5 years) was separated into 3 intensity categories on the basis of expelled worm burdens and their rate of reacquisition of infection monitored over a 12-month period. The rate of reinfection was directly and positively associated with initial infection status. This may indicate that children with low intensity infections are consistently less exposed to infection or that they have effective immune responses. The latter conclusion, however, would imply that they had acquired this immunity early in life, and so appears to contradict the suggestion that resistance is only slowly acquired by adults. Reconciling these two conclusions may require more sophisticated immunological models than have been suggested previously for geohelminthiases. PMID- 3217142 TI - Excreted/secreted products of developing Taenia saginata metacestodes. AB - Excretions and secretions (ES) and somatic components of 4, 8, 12 and 16-week-old Taenia saginata metacestodes were biosynthetically radio-isotope labelled by incubating the larvae in the presence of [35S]methionine. Despite their small size, 4-week-old metacestodes produced as much isotope-labelled ES/parasite as older metacestodes, indicating a proportionately greater metabolic activity of the parasite at this age. In situ the 4-week-old metacestodes were surrounded by a marked granulomatous cellular infiltrate which had largely resolved around 8 week-old metacestodes. Examination of the isotope-labelled ES by SDS-PAGE revealed distinct age-specific components from 4- and 12-week-old metacestodes and other ES components which were produced by all the ages of metacestodes examined. In comparison the labelled somatic components were conserved. Antigenic characterization of the ES by immunoprecipitation against a panel of clinically defined bovine sera combined with SDS-PAGE analysis, identified some highly immunogenic parasite products and others which did not elicit an antibody response demonstrable by immunoprecipitation. These components are of interest in relation to the host/parasite relationship, to the construction of diagnostic assays for the detection of T. saginata cysticercosis, and to the immunity that cattle develop against this parasite. PMID- 3217143 TI - [Effect of ethanol on the contractile function of the heart and the concentration of free fatty acids in the blood of male and female rabbits]. PMID- 3217145 TI - [Effect of acetaldehyde, sodium acetate, ethanol and the combination of ethanol with pyrazole on the manifestation of the cardionecrotic action of adrenaline in rats]. PMID- 3217144 TI - [Contractile activity of the heart muscle in acute ethyl alcohol exposure at various times after the occurrence of an embolism of the pulmonary artery branches]. PMID- 3217146 TI - [Changes in the cholesterol content of the erythrocyte membranes in alcoholism]. PMID- 3217147 TI - [Pancreatic function in chronic alcoholic intoxication in rats]. PMID- 3217148 TI - [Effect of the active immunization of rats with a conjugated serotonin-protein antigen on alcohol consumption and the biogenic amine content of the brain and biological fluids]. PMID- 3217149 TI - [Current aspects of medical metrology]. PMID- 3217150 TI - [The role of macrophages in the development of the phenomenon of the stimulation of bone marrow hematopoiesis in stress]. PMID- 3217151 TI - [Effect of estradiol dipropionate on hemopoiesis and the steroid hormone concentration of the blood plasma in dogs]. PMID- 3217152 TI - [Effect of an antiserum to splenocyte proteins on the development of an immune response in a toxic lesion of the liver in rats]. PMID- 3217153 TI - [The role of prostaglandins in preventing and treating experimental stomach lesions]. PMID- 3217154 TI - [Changes in the lipid composition of the blood plasma lipoproteins in acute emotional stress]. PMID- 3217155 TI - [The microcirculatory bed in rats under increased atmospheric pressure]. PMID- 3217156 TI - [Changes in the neuronal activity of the nodose ganglion under the action of a traveling pulsed magnetic field in animals with various arterial pressure levels]. PMID- 3217157 TI - [The significance of hyperbaric oxygenation in preventing experimental acute kidney failure]. PMID- 3217158 TI - [The principle of selecting animals for an experiment in order to form equivalent groups]. PMID- 3217159 TI - [An analysis of the interrelations of the immune system in the dynamics of traumatic disease]. PMID- 3217160 TI - [Mathematical analysis of the results of academic experiments in practical exercises on pathological physiology]. PMID- 3217161 TI - [The results and outlook of research on the problem of extreme and terminal states]. PMID- 3217162 TI - [Evaluation of hematologic and biochemical indicators of the nutritional status of children aged 15-23 months in Lodz]. PMID- 3217163 TI - [Analysis of acute poisoning among children hospitalized in the pediatric department of the Chalubinski Municipal Hospital in Czestochowa 1979-1984]. PMID- 3217164 TI - [Accidental poisoning among children in Wroclaw]. PMID- 3217165 TI - [Psychological aspects of the battered child syndrome]. PMID- 3217166 TI - [Evaluation of selected immunological parameters in obese children from nurseries in the city of Katowice]. PMID- 3217168 TI - [A case of mucoviscidosis in mother and child]. PMID- 3217167 TI - [Recurrent subglottic laryngitis in children with angiomas of the head and neck]. PMID- 3217169 TI - [Sudden death of a child after tophranil poisoning]. PMID- 3217170 TI - [Non-organic failure to thrive syndrome. I. Criteria, etiology and pathogenesis]. PMID- 3217171 TI - [Principle of the management of intra-articular hemorrhage in children with hemophilia]. PMID- 3217172 TI - [Congenital hemorrhagic diathesis in children in the Silesian macroregion]. PMID- 3217173 TI - [Evaluation of the efficiency of the locomotor system in children with hemophilia treated in Olsztyn Province 1981-1986]. PMID- 3217174 TI - [Hematuria in children with hemophilia]. PMID- 3217175 TI - [Remote results of the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage in children with congenital hemorrhagic diathesis]. PMID- 3217176 TI - The fourteenth annual symposium: Ear, nose and throat diseases in children: 1987 update. Palm Beach, Florida, December 13-16, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3217177 TI - Current management of chronic suppurative otitis media in infants and children. AB - Most children who have chronic suppurative otitis media require: (1) a thorough examination of the external canal and tympanic membrane with the otomicroscope (under general anesthesia, if necessary); (2) a Gram stain and culture obtained directly from the middle ear; (3) thorough aspiration of the ear canal and, if possible, the middle ear, i.e. "aural toilet"; (4) treatment with an orally administered antimicrobial agent and an ototopical medication, if the organisms are susceptible; and if the suppurative process is unresponsive to this management, hospitalization and the parenteral administration of an antimicrobial agent. Parenteral antimicrobial therapy should be selected following microbiologic assessment of the discharge. If the infection can be eliminated using the methods described above, prevention of recurrence can be achieved by the following options: (1) prophylactic antimicrobial therapy; (2) removal of the tympanostomy tube; or (3) surgical repair of the tympanic membrane defect. The choice of these options depends on the age of the child and the status of the function of the eustachian tube. Middle ear and mastoid surgery should be reserved for those children who fail to respond to intensive medical therapy. PMID- 3217178 TI - Intubation techniques of the difficult airway. AB - Visualization and intubation of the larynx in the normal infant may be difficult, especially in a newborn who has a large tongue in relation to the size of the oral cavity and an oval epiglottis. There are a number of congenital and acquired conditions that virtually guarantee that establishment of an airway will be difficult; therefore the pediatric physicians should be equipped with and capable of using a wide range of instruments and techniques. This article will focus on the techniques available for handling the difficult airway and will emphasize a new instrument. PMID- 3217179 TI - Forearm vs whole-body sensations of self-motion: some results on the role of the sensorimotor context. AB - Making a subject's visual surroundings move can give rise to sensations of self motion, which can either be restricted to the arm or involve the whole body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role played by the sensorimotor context in eliciting one or the other of these two types of illusory movement. Whether the type of sensation experienced by the subjects depended on their adoption of an actively maintained or relaxed posture was examined. Analysis showed subjects' posture was certainly one of the factors involved: a rigidly held position favoured the occurrence of whole body sensations of movement, whereas a relaxed attitude favoured occurrence of arm-restricted sensations. This postural factor alone does not, however, account for the variations recorded in our experiment which seem to be related to the stimulus parameters as well as to individual factors. PMID- 3217180 TI - Relation between musical aptitude and intelligence among mentally retarded, advantaged, and disadvantaged subjects. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in scores of 59 mentally retarded adults (mild, moderate, severe, or profound), 133 advantaged, and 130 disadvantaged (low income) children in Grades 1, 2, 3 on the Primary Measures of Music Audiation. Test-retest reliabilities for the Tonal and Rhythm subtests were .81 and .86, respectively, for the retarded group. Analysis of variance indicated that the mildly retarded children performed significantly better than other groups of retarded children on these two tests. 2 x 3 analyses of variance indicated that third graders from both advantaged and disadvantaged groups performed significantly better than the first or second graders on both subtests and that advantaged children performed significantly better than the disadvantaged. However, disadvantaged children made greater gains, especially for third graders, than the advantaged. PMID- 3217181 TI - Alternative theories of concept identification among older adults. AB - The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate some predictions of hypothesis testing and S-R association (frequency) theories regarding memory for intratrial events on a conjunctive concept-identification task. They have received extensive study with young adults but not with older subjects. The individual events under investigation were feedback, responses, hypotheses, and stimuli. Hypothesis-testing theory requires subjects to retain information concerning the correct hypothesis from one trial to the next whereas frequency does not. 75 subjects (60-70 yr. old) participated in the study. Subjects had difficulty in recalling the correct hypothesis stated on previous trials. These errors occurred on problems with negative response trials, not with incorrect feedback. The results contradict predictions based on hypothesis-testing models but are consistent with frequency theory. Unlike in the studies based on younger adults, present subjects did not recall the hypothesis very well under the conditions in which hypothesis testing was made part of the primary task. PMID- 3217182 TI - The geometric illusion and induced differences in perceived time. AB - Just as circle-size induces differences in the perceived extent of a line which interconnects the circles of the Baldwin illusion, it is demonstrated that circle size induces differences in the perceived duration of a time interval which intervenes between circles of different sizes. PMID- 3217183 TI - Stability of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test--revised for emotionally handicapped middle-school-age children. AB - In this pilot study, 20 middle-school-age children classified as emotionally handicapped were administered Forms L and M of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test--Revised in test-retest fashion. Pearson correlations for Form L were .90, for Form M, .69, and these dependent correlations were significantly different from each other. As triennial school psychological evaluations typically contain tests which have been administered previously, e.g., WISC-R, WRAT-R, we suggest that psychologists use caution when using Form M to test or retest the receptive vocabulary of emotionally handicapped or disturbed middle-school-age children. PMID- 3217184 TI - Correlations among measures of cognitive ability, creativity, and academic achievement for gifted minority children. AB - This study explored the correlations among nonverbal reasoning ability, creativity, and academic achievement in gifted minority children, 89 girls and 71 boys in Grades 1 through 8 in a program for gifted. A random half of students from all grade levels were tested at the beginning of the year and the remaining half after 7 mo. with Raven Progressive Matrices, Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, and the California Achievement Test. Pearson correlations reflected limited relations among these variables except for a significant positive value between creativity and reading achievement. Suggestions for further study and implications for identification procedures and program development were provided. PMID- 3217185 TI - Rorschach indices for discriminating between two schizophrenic syndromes. AB - Thinking disturbance and disorder of affects may be different in two subtypes of schizophrenia, the "florid" and the "withdrawal" syndromes. In Exner's approach to the Rorschach system, the diagnostic indicators of disordered thinking may point out large differences not only between schizophrenic and control subjects but also between different types of schizophrenics. The Rorschach protocols of 45 subjects (15 "florid" schizophrenics, 15 "withdrawn" schizophrenics, and 15 controls of the same age and education, matched by sex) were examined on several Exner indices. Compared with the control group, both schizophrenic types confirmed an impairment of perceptual accuracy and of reality testing as well as a reduced emotional control. Compared with the "withdrawn" group, the "florid" schizophrenic subjects showed significantly higher indices of poor perceptual functioning, of an inadequate organizational activity (more Whole and Z responses characterized by negative Form Quality) and greater disordered ideational production. PMID- 3217186 TI - Effects of up-down visual inversion on motor skills. AB - The movement of a hand or fingers and locomotion of the body by a subject wearing prisms which inverted his visual world were investigated. A subject wore frame spectacles (without prisms) for the first two days and then wore up-down inverting spectacles (with prisms) for the next four days, followed by wearing the former frame-spectacles again for one day. Measurements were made of skill on star-drawing, pegboard tests, and on zigzag-walking and walking up and down stairs. There were no differences on the five measures during acquisition for the four tasks, which suggests smooth progress of prism-adaptation by this man. PMID- 3217187 TI - Are visual-perceptual and visual-motor skills separate abilities? AB - This study explored the independence of visual-perceptual and visual-motor abilities. Scores on the Motor-free Visual Perception Test were correlated by Pearson's method with scores on tests that weight the visual-perceptual, motor, and visual-motor components differently. Small but significant correlations were found between the Motor-free Visual Perception Test and tests of visual-motor integration, but there was no relationship between the motor-free test and tests of motor ability. These findings support the premise that tests of visual perception, visual-motor integration, and motor ability measure different skills. PMID- 3217188 TI - Sex and age/grade differences in adolescents' self-disclosure. AB - Few significant differences in self-disclosure were noted for 202 adolescents in Grades 8 and 12. Reliability and validity were reasonable but varied over 6 categories of disclosure. Both boys and girls disclosed more to target females and less to fathers. Findings agree with prior literature. PMID- 3217189 TI - Vividness of imagery and positive and negative values of emotionality of words. AB - We estimated the correlations of scores on vividness of imagery of 122 undergraduates using Mark's imagery questionnaire with positive and negative emotionality values of words. We also studied the influence of imagery vividness (good and poor imagers) in emotionality. Analysis indicates a significant correlation for the 52 men and for the total group between imagery vividness and emotionality. The good imagers gave higher emotionality scores than poor imagers. PMID- 3217190 TI - Internal consistency of the Sport Competition Anxiety Test. AB - The Sport Competition Anxiety Test was administered to 77 university athletes, 55 men and 22 women whose ages ranged from 18 to 27 yr., to ascertain internal consistency of responses to the questionnaire. Both methods used (Guttman and Kuder-Richardson) indicated that the test satisfied the basic requirements with regard to interitem consistency normally imposed for self-report inventories: .85 and .82, respectively. PMID- 3217191 TI - Neurobehavioral and psychosocial functioning of women exposed to high altitude in mountaineering. AB - The effects of chronic hypoxemia upon cognition and behavior were studied in women exposed to high altitude in mountaineering. Neuropsychological tests and psychosocial and physiological questionnaires were given to eight women before, during, and immediately after a Himalayan climb to 20,500 feet. Cognitive functioning remained relatively intact with only two significant decrements, complex abstract reasoning and word-finding ability. Significant changes were found on all psychosocial and physiological questionnaires. Feelings of acceptance of others and anxiety declined significantly. Physical symptoms were greatest during the first five days of ascent. Subjects' self-ratings of mental functioning were significantly better after the expedition than either before or during the climb. Self-assessments were correlated with emotions and physical symptoms, not with actual performances on the test battery. It is suggested that complex cognitive tasks and psychosocial functioning be studied in more detail as these were more influenced by exposure to high altitude in mountaineering. PMID- 3217192 TI - Modification in movement accuracy in the triphasic pattern during a rapid forearm flexion task. AB - The present study was designed to investigate modifications in the triphasic EMG pattern during a forearm-flexion task at maximum speed which required three levels of movement accuracy. 36 subjects participated in 4 training sessions, performing a total of 200 repetitions of each movement. The fastest movement time was associated with the least accurate movement task. Likewise, the slowest movement time was found for the movement requiring the greatest accuracy. Differences in the duration and amplitude of agonist 1 activity, the start of agonist 2 activity, and the start and amplitude of antagonist activity were observed for the three movements. The results indicate that agonist 1 provides a propulsive force to initiate limb movement. The antagonist EMG activity was thought responsible for braking and correcting limb movement. Modifications in agonist 2 activity suggest this burst is related to movement velocity. PMID- 3217193 TI - The horizontal-vertical illusion and knowledge of results. AB - The Horizontal-Vertical (HV) Illusion was examined in two studies in which subjects adjusted the vertical line in L-shaped and inverted-T figures or produced lines in the vertical and horizontal planes. On the adjustment tasks, vertical lines were made significantly shorter than horizontal comparison lines, especially for the inverted-T figure. On the production tasks, lines drawn in the vertical plane were significantly shorter than lines drawn in the horizontal plane. The adjusted and created lines of subjects receiving intertrial feedback on illusion magnitude were significantly more accurate and less variable than the estimations of control subjects. Performance on either task or figure type did not differ as a function of sex of subject. The present results show that the HV illusion exists in the absence of line bisection or a comparison line and results from the overestimation of vertical lines. These findings further clarify the relative contributions of the structural and strategy mechanisms in the formation of the Horizontal-Vertical Illusion. PMID- 3217194 TI - Cognitive developmental level and sleep-onset insomnia. PMID- 3217195 TI - The iceberg profile and young competitive swimmers. PMID- 3217196 TI - Effect of auditory masking on lingual vibrotactile thresholds and magnitude estimation scaling responses. AB - Auditory masking has become a frequently employed part of the procedure used in vibrotactile research. Research investigating the effect of auditory masking on lingual vibrotactile thresholds of sensitivity has shown that there is little difference between lingual vibrotactile thresholds under masking and no masking conditions. The purpose of the present study was to extend the investigation of the effect of auditory masking to include lingual vibrotactile suprathreshold scaling responses. 20 young adult subjects of mean age 19 yr. completed lingual vibrotactile-threshold and magnitude-estimation scaling tasks under conditions of bilateral auditory masking and no masking. Similar lingual vibrotactile-threshold values and magnitude-estimation power-function exponents for the conditions of masking and no masking were noted. PMID- 3217197 TI - Infants' face-recognition by primiparous and multiparous women. AB - We have compared the ability of 49 primiparous and 75 multiparous women to recognize photographs of their newborn infants. In line with previous research on infant cries, we found that multiparous women who had been with their infant 0.5 to 5.0 hr. were significantly more successful in recognizing their infants' photographs than primiparous women with comparable exposure to their newborns. For women who had not been with their infants more than 5 hr., parity was not related to recognition. We propose that the transient performance deficit of the primiparous women indicates a short-lived impairment of perceptual/cognitive skills associated with their more stressful childbearing experience. PMID- 3217198 TI - Role of interstimulus and stimulus-hemisphere compatibility in the process of interhemispheric integration. AB - Normal subjects had to name German compound nouns which were presented tachistoscopically. The compound nouns were displayed either unilaterally to the left or right visual field, or bilaterally with one element to the left and one to the right visual field. A distinction was made between the bilateral conditions as to whether the representation of the elements, printed and/or pictorial, included a high or low interstimulus and a high or low stimulus hemisphere compatibility. Analysis indicated firstly a superiority of the left hemisphere for the naming of compound nouns in mixed print and pictorial representation. Secondly, the performance in the bilateral conditions was moderated by stimulus-hemisphere compatibility. In the process of interhemispheric integration stimulus-hemisphere compatibility proved more crucial than interstimulus compatibility. Analyses of errors further illustrated hemispheric behaviour. PMID- 3217199 TI - The affective tone of words in Velten's mood-induction statements. AB - An analysis of the words employed in the three conditions of the Velten Mood Induction technique (Elated, Depressed, Neutral) by the Dictionary of Affect in Language provided some validation for the affective tone of the two mood-inducing conditions while highlighting problems associated with the supposedly neutral induction. PMID- 3217200 TI - EMG and motor performance changes with practice of a forearm movement by children. AB - The purpose of this research was to investigate changes in the control of movement, using EMG and kinematic variables, over practice by children. Children in three age groups, 7, 9, and 11 yr., performed 60 trials of an elbow-flexion movement. Correct movements consisted of a 60 degrees angular movement of the forearm in 800 msec. The analysis of biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscle EMG activity, movement displacement and timing error, and movement velocity patterns indicated changes in motor performance with practice. All age groups improved performance with practice and also exhibited a decrease in biceps EMG activity with practice. Only movement-time error and time to peak triceps muscle activity differed between the age groups. The 11-yr.-old group significantly altered the timing of the antagonistic response to stop the movement over the practice session. This change is suggested to be related to the greater information-processing ability of these children and the development of appropriate movement strategies to perform the movement task successfully. Other changes observed in the EMG data appear similar to changes observed in studies of adults. PMID- 3217201 TI - The perception of different methods for suicide. PMID- 3217202 TI - Body-cathexis and self-esteem. PMID- 3217203 TI - Relating trait anxiety to perceived physical fitness. AB - This study was designed to determine the relation of actual cardiovascular physical fitness and perceived physical fitness to trait anxiety. 32 older adult (M age = 68.19 yr.) subjects completed a voluntary maximal graded exercise stress test on a motor driven treadmill to determine their actual cardiovascular physical fitness. Subjects also completed Abadie's Perceived Physical Fitness Scale along with Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Inventory. The partial correlation between actual cardiovascular physical fitness and trait anxiety with the influence of perceived physical fitness removed indicated a nonsignificant relation. The partial correlation between perceived physical fitness and trait anxiety with the influence of actual cardiovascular physical fitness removed indicated a significant inverse relation. Present results suggest that trait anxiety is correlated better with an individual's self-perception of his physical fitness than the actual cardiovascular physical fitness. PMID- 3217204 TI - Cultural and sex differences in touch avoidance. AB - 250 male and female respondents from American, Mediterranean, Near Eastern, and Far Eastern cultures completed a self-report measure of touch-avoidance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated factors for opposite-sex and same-sex touch-avoidance. These factors were used as dependent variables in a 4 x 2 (culture by sex) multivariate analysis of variance which yielded a significant interaction of culture by sex on opposite-sex touch-avoidance and a main effect of the respondents' sex on same-sex touch-avoidance. PMID- 3217205 TI - Development of a scale to assess jealous behaviors. PMID- 3217206 TI - Aesthetic preference and lateral dominance. AB - Aesthetic preferences for photographs with the main focal content either to the left or right of the photograph's center were examined in right- and left-handed subjects. Verbal responses or manual responses were required. In one experiment with 261 introductory psychology student-subjects, left-handers more often preferred photographs with the more important part on the left ("left-geared") than did right-handers. Exp. 2, involving 84 right-handed student subjects, showed that left-geared photographs presented on the left side were preferred more often than left-geared photographs presented on the right side, and left geared photographs presented on the left side were more often chosen when a left handed manual response was required. Interactions between handedness, position of the stimulus, language hemisphere, and response mode make it extremely difficult to ascertain whether the right hemisphere is really more involved in aesthetic decisions. PMID- 3217207 TI - Does transfer of training help children learn juggling? AB - The effectiveness of four different learning sequences in teaching juggling to 5th grade students was investigated. Practice schedules using combinations of scarves, weighted scarves, beanbags, and balls allowed both identical task elements and learners' time-on-task to be varied during a 3-wk. practice period. The exclusive use of beanbags for practice, prior to testing with balls, resulted in significantly better juggling scores than did the other combinations. While transfer of training occurred for other groups, the amount of students' time-on task during practice appeared to be a strong influence on final performance. PMID- 3217208 TI - Reconsideration of measurement of error in human motor learning. AB - Human motor learning is often measured by error scores. The convention of using mean absolute error, mean constant error, and variable error shows lack of desirable parsimony and interpretability. This paper provides the background of error measurement and states criticisms of conventional methodology. A parsimonious model of error analysis is provided, along with operationalized interpretations and implications for motor learning. Teaching, interpreting, and using error scores in research may be simplified and facilitated with the model. PMID- 3217209 TI - Locus of control and suicidal ideation. PMID- 3217210 TI - Norm setting for the verbal estimation of a 40-second interval by women of childbearing age. AB - 95 female college students verbally estimated a 40-sec. interval. Norms for age groups between 19 and 49 yr. were determined. All age groups overestimated the 40 sec. time interval. PMID- 3217211 TI - Pursuit eye movement in tracking a target with two sine waves. AB - It has been reported that, when subjects track a moving target comprising two sine waves, the tracking lag for the faster sine wave component is much smaller than that for the slower one. To understand this phenomenon further, this study examined frequency characteristics of the human tracking response and pursuit eye movement in response to the target with two sine waves of equal amplitude. Analysis indicates that, while the tracking response has very large phase lag for the slower sine wave component and very small phase lag for the faster one, the pursuit eye movement has a conspicuously large phase lead for the slower component and very small phase lag for the faster one. It is suggested that the lack of synchrony of the pursuit eye movement with slower component of the target may be associated with the inferiority of the slower component to the faster one in tracking lag. PMID- 3217212 TI - Geophysical variables and behavior: LI. Temporal variation of suicide in teens and young adults. PMID- 3217213 TI - The WISC-R and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement: correlations for exceptional children. AB - The present study concerns correlations of scores on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement with those on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Revised (WISC--R). Correlations between WISC--R Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance IQ and the Reading Aptitude Cluster, the Mathematics Aptitude Cluster, and the Written Language Aptitude Cluster of the Woodcock-Johnson were expected to be high and support the contention that conventional measures of ability do predict achievement for children. Results confirm the hypothesis. The Verbal IQ was the best one-variable predictor of each aptitude cluster, with R s ranging from .32 to .78. PMID- 3217214 TI - Effects of visual aids on acquisition of selected tennis skills. AB - The study compared the effects of supplemental visual aids on the acquisition of selected tennis skills. The forehand and backhand drive placement tests of the Hewitt Tennis Achievement Test were used to pretest, midtest, and posttest 55 subjects who were assigned to one of three treatments: control (instructor's verbal feedback only), videotaped replay viewing (with instructor's feedback), and loop-film viewing (modeling, with instructor's feedback). Each received 1200 min. of instruction. There were no statistically significant differences among groups; however, empirical evidence suggested that the use of videotaped replay and loop-film technique has merit and might be given consideration for use in instructional settings. PMID- 3217215 TI - Classical conditioning of beginning reading responses. AB - The present study describes the first demonstration that laboratory-controlled experimental procedures can lead to the successful acquisition and subsequent retention of classically conditioned beginning reading responses (CCBRRs) in children of both sexes and mean age of 4 yr. Anticipatory instructions combined with higher-order classical conditioning temporally arranged into a trace conditioning paradigm presented for 10 trials for each response to be learned led to beginning reading responses being successfully acquired by 20 children during 95% of the 2,220 total acquisition learning trials and subsequently correctly recalled on 114 of the 222 retention test trials. Findings support the view that perhaps the relatively sudden and sustained acquisition learning curves for reading responses on the second-signalling-system level of behavior in the present study may be quite different from the relatively slow and incremental learning curves usually obtained in classical conditioning of the autonomic type which occur on the first-signalling-system level. PMID- 3217216 TI - Research note: reference others and self-destruction. AB - 48 students were presented hypothetical situations having to do with smoking, drinking liquor, using other drugs, and over-eating. They were asked to indicate their reference others and the others' expectations for their behavior in these situations. Family members and friends were the most frequently named reference others, varying in importance with the situation. Perception of reference others' expectations tends to correspond with respondents' behavior, encouraging drinking and discouraging smoking and drugs. Inconsistencies between reference-others' expectations and respondents' behaviors and respondents' values elicited comments suggesting that the questions alone may lead respondents to feel dissatisfied with the behavior. PMID- 3217217 TI - Mothers' estimates of hearing family members' competence in sign language and the deaf child's loneliness. AB - This study examined the associations between mothers' estimates of both hearing family members' competence in sign language and their deaf child's loneliness. 32 mothers of children who functioned as deaf were asked to assess their hearing family members' competence in sign language and to complete the UCLA Loneliness Scale for an estimate of their deaf child's loneliness. Significant positive correlations were found among hearing family members' estimated competence in sign language; however, no significant correlations were found between hearing family members' estimated competence in sign language and their deaf child's estimated loneliness. These findings suggest that hearing members may contribute to each other's competence in sign language and may communicate with their deaf child through alternative methods rather than formal sign language. PMID- 3217218 TI - Motor learning and ultradian sleep cycle: an electroencephalographic study of trampoliners. AB - Evidence from both animal experiments and human studies suggests that sleep might be involved in neuronal and biochemical mechanisms of learning. In the present study distinct changes in the temporal organization of sleep stages were observed in 8 volunteers participating in a training course in trampolining. Since trampolining requires the acquisition of unaccustomed motor skills, it can be regarded as a special case of motor learning. Subjects who were able to acquire new motor skills during distinct training units in trampolining showed an increase in sleep-cycle period and mean duration of REM and slow-wave sleep. These results are discussed with respect to biochemical mechanisms which may be involved in both learning and organization of sleep stages. PMID- 3217219 TI - Pattern of psychological fitness as related to pattern of physical fitness among older adults. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate psychological fitness as well as physical fitness among late middle-aged normal men and women before, during, and after a 12-wk. physical activity program. Heart-rate of each subject was measured on a graded treadmill four times, and four psychological measures were taken: self-esteem, body-image, trait-anxiety, and well-being. Improvement of fitness was gradual and significant for both sexes, whereas no effects of time or sex were found on the first three psychological measures. Significant differences in pattern of change between women and men on well-being confirm previous findings that women report more depression and less satisfaction than men and thus are more sensitive to change. PMID- 3217220 TI - Perceived numerosity as a function of item size. AB - In a sample of 48 subjects, there was a significant inverse relation between item size and estimation of numerosity. This result was shown to be consistent with Gestalt theory. According to this approach, the components of good figures appear more numerous, and smaller items produce better figures. PMID- 3217221 TI - Relations between physical activity, weight discrepancies, body-cathexis, and psychological well-being in college women. AB - This study examined the relations between physical activity, weight discrepancies, body-cathexis, and indicators of psychological well-being in college women. Factor analysis and zero-order correlation, and partial correlation analyses show that physical activity was not directly related to psychological well-being, however, physical activity did reduce weight discrepancies and improved body-cathexis. When specific body types were examined, there were distinctive patterns of satisfaction with body parts and processes depending on whether the women's body types conformed to or deviated from idealized weights and heights. PMID- 3217222 TI - Influence of aerobic fitness on ratings of perceived exertion during light to moderate exercise. AB - Based on scores from a maximal exercise test on a bicycle ergometer, 24 college age women were classified into three aerobic-fitness groups. Each subject then completed two randomly ordered cycle exercise bouts at 1-wk. intervals. The exercise bouts required the subjects to pedal for 24 min. attaining and then maintaining a target heart rate of either 30% or 60% of heart-rate reserve. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were reported at the end of each third minute of the exercise period. Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated the RPE was significantly related to the exercise workload and duration of exercise. No main effect was found for fitness. Two-way interactions were detected for fitness x duration of exercise and for workload x duration of exercise. PMID- 3217223 TI - Uncoupling of Na+H+ from Cl-HCO3- exchange under some steady state conditions in rabbit gallbladder. AB - The transapical Cl- influx and transepithelial Na+ transport were measured in rabbit gallbladder. Only 11.7% of the transported Na+ was found to be accompanied by HCO3-. 10(-4) M SITS eliminated the HCO3- dependent fraction of Cl- influx (50%) but did not significantly alter intracellular Na+ activity and Na+ transport. Exposure to HCO3-free salines or to 10(-4) M acetazolamide about halved Cl- influx and Na+ transport. 25 mM SCN- reduced Cl- influx to zero, decreased intracellular Na+ activity, but only halved Na+ transport which under these conditions was abolished only in the absence of HCO3-. Exposure to a Cl- free saline produced effects similar to those caused by SCN-. These results suggest that when Cl-/HCO3- exchange is inhibited at the apical membrane, Na+/H+ exchange and transepithelial Na+ transfer are unmodified if HCO3- is available for transport. The permanent uncoupling of the exchangers and the elevated transepithelial transport of Na+ are not due to an increased activity of the parallel Na+-Cl- cotransport but to a redirection of HCO3- flux toward the basolateral side. PMID- 3217224 TI - Influence of rubrospinal tract and the adjacent mesencephalic reticular formation on the activity of medullary respiratory neurons and the phrenic nerve discharge in the rabbit. AB - Suprapontine brain sites acting on the central respiratory system have been demonstrated to give rise to inspiratory as well as expiratory facilitatory effects. In the present study the inspiratory inhibitory effect which has been reported in the cat to be elicited consistently by electrical stimulation of the rubrospinal tract and the adjacent mesencephalic reticular formation was examined in the urethane-anaesthetized rabbit. Stimulation of these sites with single electrical shocks of moderate intensity induced a short latency (onset after 3.0 ms) transient (duration: 29 ms) inhibition of the phrenic nerve activity (PHR). Short volleys of stimuli applied in mid- to late-inspiration led to a premature off-switch of inspiration. The extracellularly recorded discharge activity of the different types of medullary respiration-related units (RRU) reflected these alterations, accordingly. Axonal connections of RRU with mesencephalic structures were evaluated. Examination of orthodromic responses of medullary RRU to stimulation of this pathway revealed that most bulbospinal inspiratory neurons (10 out of 13) were paucisynaptically inhibited after short latency (at least 1.2 ms). The conduction time from bulbospinal inspiratory neurons to the recording site of PHR was 1.6 ms. Thus, a disynaptic pathway--including bulbospinal inspiratory neurons--is suggested inducing inspiratory inhibition 3.0 ms after single shock midbrain stimulation. This inhibition results in disfacilitation of phrenic motoneurons. The fact that extensive electrolytic lesions of the pneumotaxic center in rostral pons did not abolish the observed inspiratory inhibitions excludes these structures from being involved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3217225 TI - Sugar transport in isolated rat kidney papillary collecting duct cells. AB - D-Glucose is an important substrate of energy metabolism and osmolyte synthesis in the renal papillary collecting duct. In order to characterize the cellular entry of D-glucose in this tubular segment, collecting duct cells were isolated from rat kidney papilla and the rate of D-glucose uptake was measured indirectly by monitoring the D-glucose-dependent O2 uptake in the presence of the uncoupler CCCP. D-Glucose uptake was found to be sodium-independent and not sensitive to phlorizin even at a concentration of 10(-3) M. Uptake was, however, completely inhibited by 10(-5) M cytochalasin B and 10(-4) M phloretin. The apparent Ki for cytochalasin B was 1.5 x 10(-6) M and for phloretin 2.0 x 10(-5) M. Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that at 1 mM D-mannose is taken up and metabolized to the same extent as D-glucose. A 50-fold higher concentration of 2 deoxy-D-glucose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibited D-glucose uptake completely whereas alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, D-allose, and D-galactose were without effect. Under conditions where D-glucose utilization was maximally stimulated an apparent Km of 1.2 mM and a Vmax of 1 mmol D-glucose/g protein.hour was found for D-glucose uptake. These results indicate that the D-glucose uptake into papillary collecting duct cells is probably mediated by a transport system similar to the one found in basal-lateral membranes of polarized renal, intestinal, and liver cells as well as in nonpolarized fat cells and erythrocytes. PMID- 3217226 TI - An inwardly-directed sodium-amino acid cotransporter influences steady-state cell volume in slices of rat renal papilla incubated in hyperosmotic media. AB - The effect of a neutral amino acid, 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) on steady state cell volume has been examined in rat renal papillary slices incubated in hyperosmotic media (2,000 mosmol/kg H2O) containing high concentrations of NaCl and urea (thus imitating papillary interstitial fluid in the intact kidney during antidiuresis). Volumes were significantly increased (P less than 0.001) when external AIB was raised from 0.1 to 10 mmol/l. Na+-dependent AIB uptake occurred, and there were net increases in cell contents of Na+ and Cl-. Replacement of Na+ by Li+, but not by other cations, did not influence the effect of AIB concentration on cell volume, but this was abolished when Cl- was replaced by other anions. The effect of AIB was abolished by diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (10( 3) mmol/l), bumetanide (at 1 mmol/l but not 10(-2) mmol/l) and by N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.5 mmol/l), but not by amiloride (1 mmol/l) or 4 acetamido-4'-iso-thiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (1 mmol/l), and was enhanced by the presence of Ba2+ or quinine (1 mmol/l). The findings are interpreted in terms of an inwardly-directed Na+-amino acid cotransporter, which determines steady-state volume, requires simultaneous entry of Cl- through conductive pathways, and whose effects on cell volume are moderated by K+ efflux through volume-sensitive K+ channels. PMID- 3217227 TI - A comparison of the effects of renal artery constriction and anemia on the production of erythropoietin. AB - It is generally assumed that the O2 supply to the kidneys is the major determinant of the synthesis of erythropoietin (Ep). In the present study, the O2 supply of the kidneys of rats was lowered by the reduction of renal blood flow (rbf). Plasma Ep was determined after about 18 h of bilateral application of Goldblatt clips with graded inner diameters. The results were compared to findings in anemic rats, in which the systemic O2 supply was lowered by exchange transfusion of blood with plasma. We found a linear correlation between Ep levels in plasma and the degree of reduction of rbf. However, there was an exponential relationship between Ep levels and the concentration of hemoglobin in blood. In addition, the elevation of plasma Ep was only moderate, when rbf was reduced (maximum 0.07 IU Ep/ml plasma). The increase in Ep concentration was much more pronounced in anemia (up to about 7 IU Ep/ml plasma). From these results it may be concluded that decreasing oxygen supply to the kidney through reduction in renal blood flow (ischemic hypoxia) is less effective in increasing erythropoietin production than reducing the hemoglobin concentration (anemic hypoxia). The possibility must be considered that the increase in renal production of erythropoietin due to anemic hypoxia is triggered by one or more extrarenal signals. PMID- 3217228 TI - Influence of red cell surface charge on red cell membrane curvature. AB - The wellknown biconcave shape of resting RBC reflects an intrinsic overall negative spontaneous membrane curvature. It depends to a high degree on the integrity of the spectrin-actin-ankyrin-Band-3 hetero-complex. Alterations of this complex have previously been shown to be associated with shape transitions, which have been abolished by treatment with enzymes reducing the surface charge of the RBC. In this report we show that treatment of erythrocytes with enzymes reducing the surface charge (e.g. neuraminidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and pronase), consistently exerts a "stomatocytogenic" effect, i.e. it reduces mean mean curvature. Also the time dependency for the charge reduction and for the correlated decrease of mean mean curvature is shown. So-called stomatocytogenic agents (e.g. clorpromazine, tetracain and triton X100) and so-called echinocytogenic agents (e.g. dinitrophenol and Na-salicylate) are known to change membrane curvature in a dose dependent manner. It is further shown that by prior reduction of surface charge by various enzymes the dose response curves of all stomatocytogenic and echinocytogenic agents tested is shifted towards higher degrees of stomatocytosis or lesser degrees of echinocytosis. The data show, that in RBC pronounced curvature influences are produced by the surface charge located on the sialic acid residues in the glycocalix. PMID- 3217230 TI - The effects of repeated exposure to anoxia on intracellular calcium, glycogen and lactate in isolated ferret heart muscle. AB - Isolated cardiac tissue from the ferret was repeatedly exposed to anoxia while perfused with glucose-containing Tyrode solution. In one series of experiments, papillary muscles were injected with aequorin to measure intracellular Ca2+. On the first exposure to anoxia, the Ca2+ transients often increased, but on subsequent exposures this increase disappeared and eventually the Ca2+ transients declined on exposure to anoxia. This decline in the Ca2+ transients could be converted back to an increase by a 1 h exposure to an elevated (x5) glucose concentration. Exposure of aerobic muscles to 10 mM lactic acid caused a similar increase in the Ca2+ transients to that seen in early exposures to anoxia. In a second series of experiments, performed on Langendorff-perfused hearts, measurements were made of glycogen concentration preceding, and lactate production during, exposures to anoxia. At a constant level of glucose, glycogen concentration and lactate production were found to decline on repeated exposures to anoxia, and both were increased after a period of elevated glucose and reduced stimulation frequency. These results suggest that the response of the Ca2+ transients to anoxia is dependent on the metabolic status of the muscle. The increase in the Ca2+ transients during an early exposure to anoxia may be a consequence of lactic acid production due to accelerated glycolysis. Repeated exposures to anoxia reduce glycogen concentration and lactate production and this reduces the rise in the Ca2+ transients. PMID- 3217229 TI - Comparison of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels in the membrane of smooth muscle cells isolated from adult and foetal human aorta. AB - Ca2+-activated K+ ionic currents in the membrane of cultured smooth muscle cells isolated from foetal and adult human aorta were studied using whole cell and single-channel patch-clamp techniques. Whole cell currents in adult smooth muscle cells were 3-8 times larger than in foetal cells of similar sizes. The elementary conductance and ionic selectivity of single Ca2+-activated K+ were identical for both types of cells. Channel openings occurred in burst, the duration of which was 3-5-fold longer in adult than in foetal cells. The voltage dependency of the channel activating mechanism and the dependency of the mean open time on the Ca2+ concentration on the inner side of the membrane were similar for both types of cells. These results suggest that the main reason for the increase in potassium conductance during development is an alteration in the open time of the Ca2+ activated K+ channels. PMID- 3217231 TI - Tumoral synthetic parathyroid hormone related peptide inhibits amiloride sensitive sodium transport in cultured renal epithelia. AB - The amino-terminal fragment of a tumor parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP(1-34] produced by a human squamous cell carcinoma of the lung was recently synthesized. In the present work its effect on the amiloride-sensitive sodium transport, taken as an estimate of the Na+/H+ exchanger activity of cultured opossum kidney (OK) epithelia was compared to that of synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH(1-34]. Both PTHrP(1-34) and bPTH(1-34) inhibited the initial rate of amiloride-sensitive 22Na transport. Half maximal inhibitory activity was obtained at about 10(-11)M for both PTHrP(1-34) and bPTH(1-34). In conclusion, tumoral PTHrP(1-34) appears to be as effective as bPTH(1-34) for inhibiting the amiloride-sensitive Na transport, and presumably for decreasing the activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger present in the apical membrane of kidney epithelial cells. PMID- 3217232 TI - Low Ca2+-sensitive maxi-K+ channels in human cultured fibroblasts. AB - The patch clamp technique was used to reveal single channel activity in the membrane of human cultured fibroblasts. The most frequently detected ion channel type was a Ca2+-dependent K+ channel with a conductance of 287 +/- 38 pS in symmetrical 130 mM KCl. The channel showed a peculiar low Ca2+-sensitivity compared to that of similar channels in other preparations. In fact micromolar values of internal Ca2+ were not effective in the channel activation, except at high depolarizing membrane potentials. The activity was highly increased only when the channel was exposed to relatively high internal Ca2+ concentrations (0.2 2.0 mM). PMID- 3217233 TI - Probing a Ca2+-activated K+ channel with quaternary ammonium ions. AB - A series of quaternary ammonium (QA) ions were used to probe the gross architecture of the ion conduction pathway in a Ca2+-activated K+ channel from rat muscle membrane. The channels were inserted into planar phospholipid membranes and the single channel currents were measured in the presence of the different QA ions. Internally applied monovalent QA ions (e.g. tetramethylammonium and analogues) induced a voltage-dependent blockade with a unique effective valence of the block equal to 0.30, and blocking potency increases as the compound is made more hydrophobic. Blockade is relieved by increasing the K+ concentration of the internal or external side of the channel. The effective valence of block is independent of K+ concentration. These results suggest that, from the internal side, all monovalent QA ions interact with a site located in the channel conduction system. Divalent QA ions of the type n-alkyl bis-alpha,beta-trimethylammonium (bisQn) applied internally also block the channel in a voltage dependent fashion. For short chains (bisQ2-bisQ5), the effective valence decreases with chain length from 0.41 to 0.27, it remains constant for bisQ5 to bisQ6 and increases up to 0.54 for bisQ10. This dependence of block with chain length implies that 27% of the voltage drop within the channel occurs over a distance of approximately 1 nm. Externally applied monovalent QA ions also block the channel. The site is specific for tetraethylammonium; increasing or decreasing the side chains in one methylene group decrease potency by about 400-fold. It is concluded that the Ca2+-activated K+ channel has wide mouths located at each end and that they are different in molecular nature. PMID- 3217234 TI - A novel cardiac potassium channel that is active and conductive at depolarized potentials. AB - We report the existence of a novel potassium channel revealed in single-channel recordings from guinea-pig ventricular heart cells. The channel, observed in approximately 10% of patches, demonstrates a 14 pS conductance at physiological potassium concentrations, does not rectify over the voltage range of the action potential, and is quite selective for K ions. The channel activates with depolarization, but does not require intracellular Ca2+ ions to open. Open channel probability increases rapidly (less than 10 ms) to a plateau in response to depolarizing voltage steps, and demonstrates no detectable inactivation (greater than 600 ms). These features clearly distinguish this channel from other known K channels in cardiac muscle. Because of its high activity at plateau potentials, we propose the name iKp. PMID- 3217235 TI - Contraluminal para-aminohippurate (PAH) transport in the proximal tubule of the rat kidney. IV. Specificity: mono- and polysubstituted benzene analogs. AB - In order to study the specificities of the contraluminal anion transport systems, the inhibitory potency of substituted benzene analogs on influx of [3H]PAH, [14C]succinate, and [35S]sulfate from the interstitium into cortical tubular cells has been determined in situ: (1) Contraluminal [3H]PAH influx is moderately inhibited by benzene-carboxylate and benzene-sulfonate, and strongly by benzene dicarboxylates, -disulfonates and carboxy-benzene-sulfonates, if the substituents are located at positions 1 and 3 or 1 and 4. The affinity of the PAH transporter to polysubstituted benzoates increases with increasing hydrophobicity, decreasing electron density at the carboxyl group and decreasing pKa. Similar dependencies are observed for phenols. Benzaldehydes which do not carry an ionic negative charge are accepted by the PAH-transporter, if they possess a second partially charged aldehyde or NO2-group. (2) Contraluminal [14C]succinate influx is inhibited by benzene 1,3- or 1,4-dicarboxylates, -disulfonates and 1,3- or 1,4 carboxybenzene-sulfonates. Monosubstituted benzoates do not interact with the dicarboxylate transporter, but NO2-polysubstituted benzoates do. Phenol itself and 2-substituted phenol interact weakly possibly due to oligomer formation. (3) The contraluminal sulfate transporter interacts only with compounds which show a negative group accumulation such as 3,5-dinitro- or 3,5-dichloro-substituted salicylates. The data are consistent with three separate anion transport systems in the contraluminal membrane: The PAH transporter interacts with hydrophobic molecules carrying one or two negative charges (-COO-, -SO3-) or two or more than two partial negative charges (-OH, -CHO, -SO2NH2, -NO2). The dicarboxylate transporter requires two electronegative ionic charges (-COO-, -SO3-) at 5-9 A distance or one ionic and several partial charges (-Cl, -NO2) at a favourable distance. The sulfate transporter interacts with molecules which have neighbouring electronegative charge accumulation. PMID- 3217236 TI - Ryanodine reduces the amount of calcium in intracellular stores of smooth-muscle cells of the rabbit ear artery. AB - We have investigated the mechanism of action of ryanodine on intact and skinned smooth-muscle cells of the rabbit ear artery. The amplitude of the phasic response induced by low noradrenaline (NA) concentrations (less than 30 nM) was inhibited by 10 microM ryanodine, while that elicited by high NA concentrations (greater than 100 nM) was not affected. The phasic contractions induced by both low and high NA concentrations in Ca2+-free solution containing 2 mM EGTA were suppressed by 10 microM ryanodine. The rate of 45Ca efflux in Krebs solution was enhanced by 10 microM ryanodine, while the increased 45Ca efflux induced by 10 microM NA was inhibited by ryanodine. 10 microM ryanodine did not affect the contractile proteins in saponin-treated smooth-muscle cells. The intracellular Ca2+ stores of these skinned cells could be filled by exposing these cells to a solution containing 0.6 microM Ca2+. After a wash in a Ca2+-free solution, a contraction due to a release of the accumulated Ca2+ could be induced by either 25 mM caffeine or 20 microM inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) or 10 microM A23187. These contractions did not occur if 10 microM ryanodine was present during Ca2+ loading. The addition of ryanodine during the Ca2+-free wash did not affect the subsequent force development. These observations indicate that ryanodine, in the presence of Ca2+, depletes the intracellular Ca2+ stores, and that this depletion is responsible for the inhibition of the component of the NA induced contraction which depends on the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. PMID- 3217237 TI - Rate of decrease of myocardial O2 consumption due to cardiac arrest in anesthetized goats. AB - The rate of change of myocardial O2 consumption, MVO2, has been measured during the transition from beating to cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest was achieved by destruction of the bundle of His by injection of formalin and induced by 25 s interruption of pacing. The left main coronary artery was perfused under constant pressure and the great cardiac vein was drained under controlled pressure. The arterio-venous O2 content difference, [O2](a-v), and coronary arterial and venous flows, CAF resp CVF, were continuously measured. The MVO2 transient was calculated using the following equation based on a 3 compartment model: MVO2 = CAF . [O2](a-v) - (Vc + Vv) . d[O2]v/dt - (Vc . Vv/CVF) . d2[O2]v/dt2 where Vc and Vv are the capillary and the venous blood volume as function of time and [O2]v is the venous oxygen content. A 7th order polynoma was fit to the [O2]v data and the fitted equation was differentiated analytically to obtain the first and second order derivatives. The MVO2 decreased from 94 +/- 5 microliters O2/s/100 g (mean +/- SE) before cardiac arrest to 15.4 +/- 5 microliters O2/s/100 g after 15 s of cardiac arrest. The change in MVO2 (50% in 3.8 +/- 0.3 s) preceded the change in venous oxygen content (50% in 12.7 +/- 0.5 s) and the change in coronary resistance (50% in 14.9 +/- 0.9). These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that interstitial O2 concentration is a major determinant of coronary resistance. PMID- 3217238 TI - A novel synergistic stimulation of Na+-transport across frog skin (Xenopus laevis) by external Cd2+- and Ca2+-ions. AB - Isolated skin of the clawed frog Xenopus laevis was mounted in an Ussing-chamber. The transcellular sodium-current (INa) was identified either as amiloride blockable (10(-3) mol/l) short-circuit current (ISC), or by correcting ISC for the shunt-current obtained with mucosal Tris. A dose of 10 mmol/l Cd2+ applied to the mucosal side increased the current by about 70%. The half-maximal effect was reached at a Cd2+-concentration of 2.6 mmol/l (in NaCl-Ringer). The quick and fully reversible effect of Cd2+ could not be seen when 10(-3) mol/l amiloride was placed in the outer, Na+-containing solution, nor when Na+ was replaced by Tris. This suggests that Cd2+ stimulates INa. Cd2+ interfered with the Na+-current self inhibition, and therefore with the saturation of INa by increasing the apparent Michaelis constant (KNa) of this process. The "INa recline" after stepping up mucosal [Na+] was much reduced in presence of Cd2+. Ca2+-ions on the mucosal side had an identical effect to Cd2+, and 10 mmol/l Ca2+ increase INa by about 100%. The half-maximal effect was obtained with 4.4 mmol/l Ca2+. The mechanism of INa stimulation by Ca2+ did not seem to differ from that of Cd2+. Thus, although of low Na+-transport capacity, Xenopus skin appears to be as good a model for Na+ transporting epithelia as Ranidae skin, with the exception of the calcium effect which, so far, has not been reported for Ranidae. PMID- 3217239 TI - Sodium pump quantity and turnover in rabbit descending colon at different rates of sodium absorption. AB - 3H-Ouabain binding to isolated epithelia and basolateral membrane vesicles of Na+ transporting epithelial cells of rabbit descending colon was determined to quantify the number of operative Na+-pump sites at different rates of transcellular Na+ transport which was varied over a wide range by chronic dietary Na+ restriction or Na+ loading. Both in intact epithelia and in basolateral membrane vesicles the maximal number of specific ouabain binding sites was higher in preparations from animals transporting Na+ at high rates than in preparations from animals transporting Na+ at low rates. The affinity of ouabain to its binding site and the association and dissociation rate constants were not dependent on the rate of Na+ transport. In intact epithelia the Na+ turnover rate per pump unit was twice as high in tissues with high Na+ transport than in tissues with low Na+ transport. In basolateral membrane vesicles the Na+ turnover rate was considerably higher than in intact epithelia and there was no difference in turnover rate between vesicle preparations obtained from tissues transporting Na+ at high or low rates. Hence, factors within the intact cell appear to control the turnover rate of the Na+-pump. PMID- 3217241 TI - An improved apparatus for the optical recording of contraction of single heart cells. AB - An optical system for measuring changes in cell length during unloaded contractions of cardiac myocytes is described. A one-dimensional video "image" of a cell is obtained every 4 ms with a linear photodiode array, which is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cell. The circuit used to process the image from the photodiode array has a variety of features to aid in the accurate determination of the distance between the ends of the cell, i.e. the cell length. First, the video image of the cell is divided into two "windows", one encompassing the "front" edge of the cell, the other encompassing the "rear" edge. Other cells or debris beyond the cell edges are excluded. Changes in the general light level, for example as a result of debris floating above the cell, have little effect because within the windows the "background light level" is subtracted from the signals before they are processed further. To detect the cell edges, the system determines when the signals within the windows exceed (front edge) or drop below (rear edge) chosen thresholds, which are different for the front and rear edges. The system has "memory" and it identifies the rear edge of the cell as the last time the signal falls below the threshold; because of this "bright spots" within the cell are not mistaken for the end of the cell. The system has "hysteresis", which enables it to ignore small fluctuations in brightness around the threshold. The system is easy to use, accurate, readily calibrated, and it has good spatial and time resolution (about 0.25 micron and 4 ms respectively). PMID- 3217242 TI - The role of rigid and hinged polypropylene ankle-foot-orthoses in the management of cerebral palsy: a case study. AB - Ankle-foot orthoses are commonly used in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy to hold the foot in a position conductive to a more functional gait. This study, utilizing quantitative biomechanical techniques, evaluates the effects of a rigid ankle-foot orthosis and a hinged ankle-foot orthosis on spastic cerebral palsy gait. The subject was a 4.5 year old female diagnosed as spastic diplegic cerebral palsied shortly after birth. Testing involved collection of kinematic coordinate data employing a WATSMART video system and ground reaction force data using a Kistler force plate. Jensen's (1978) photogrammetric method was used to estimate body segment inertial parameters. The hinged ankle-foot orthosis was found to be more effective than the rigid ankle-foot orthosis. The subject exhibited a more natural ankle motion during the stance phase of gait, greater symmetry of segmental lower extremity motion, and decreased knee moments during stance while wearing a hinged ankle-foot orthosis. PMID- 3217240 TI - Short-term and long-term stimulation of Na+-H+ exchange in cortical brush-border membranes during compensatory growth of the rat kidney. AB - The effect of unilateral nephrectomy on Na+-H+ exchange in rat renal cortical brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) was studied by the method of acridine orange fluorescence quenching. The exchanger activity in BBMV from remnant kidney increased rapidly by 70-75% within first 30 min following uninephrectomy. Only a slight further increase was found in later stages of renal growth, i.e. 30 min to 7 days following uninephrectomy. The changes in antiporter activity were restricted to Vmax, whereas the Km for Na+ was similar in control and compensatory growing kidney. The increase of Na+-H+ exchange at 15 min was not affected by actinomycin D in vivo, whereas the increase at 48 h was completely abolished indicating that protein synthesis could be involved in the late, but not in the initial stimulation of renal Na+-H+ exchange. The late, but not the initial stimulations of Na+-H+ exchange were associated with elevated activities of cortical (Na++K+)-ATPase indicating that changes in antiporter activity precede those in the (Na++K+)-pump. The early stimulation of Na+-H+ exchange in BBMV in one kidney was induced also by the occlusion of blood flow through the contralateral kidney for 15 min, without removing it. Thirty min after the occlusion was removed and the reflow established, the Na+-H+ exchange in BBMV from the intact kidney decreased to the control values. The observed modulations in renal Na+-H+ exchanger may be regulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3217243 TI - Measuring the shape and volume of an above-knee stump. AB - A set of design criteria for sensing the shape of an above-knee (AK) stump is presented and used as the basis for evaluating various shape sensing technologies. A mechanical probe type shape sensing system is described and its use in quantifying the external shape of the AK stump is discussed as it relates to generating a grid for finite element analysis in CAD/CAM studies and comparing the segmental volumes of the loaded and unloaded stump. This study also discusses a method that uses circumferential measurements to compute total and incremental volumes of the stump. PMID- 3217244 TI - Memory plastics for prosthetic and orthotic applications. AB - Shrink forming prosthetic sockets from memory plastics offers several advantages over existing techniques. The manual skill requirement is reduced relative to drapeforming flat sheet while compared with the Rapidform process, the requirement for a purpose built vacuum forming machine is eliminated. Two methods for producing thermoplastic sockets from heat shrinkable preforms are described. One uses established heat shrink technology and crosslinked thermoplastics. The second based on blowmoulding simplifies preform manufacture relative to existing techniques by reducing it to a single stage operation. Shrink formed sockets have been produced for three application areas concerned with the lower limb namely load bearing sockets, flexible ISNY type and rigid transparent check sockets. Static testing has demonstrated the ability of shrink formed, load bearing sockets to surpass Philadelphia Static Load Levels (ISPO, 1978) while fatigue testing has indicated a capability for long service life. PMID- 3217245 TI - Use of prosthetic prehensors. AB - Estimates are given of the type and number of prosthetic prehensors - both hooks and hands - used in the USA, United Kingdom, West Germany and Sweden by upper limb amputees. Implications are made for differences between countries and for thorough assessment of amputees before clinical fittings. PMID- 3217246 TI - Dust emission during cutting of polyurethane-impregnated bandages. AB - The airborne dust generated when cutting splinting bandages represents a potential respiratory hazard, particularly to those who regularly remove casts with a power saw. Plaster of Paris (POP) dust is already classified by the Health and Safety Executive as a nuisance dust. This paper reports on a study to determine the nature, size and concentration of dust produced when cutting polyurethane (PU) impregnated bandages using a power saw. It has been shown that, under severe conditions PU bandages produce lower airborne dust concentrations than POP bandage but that all of the bandages tested produced particles small enough to reach the final divisions of the lung. It is therefore recommended that a dust extraction unit be used when cutting all types of bandage. PMID- 3217247 TI - [CT evaluation of mass lesions in the parotid region]. PMID- 3217248 TI - [Percutaneous biopsy and drainage guided by computed tomography]. PMID- 3217249 TI - [Hollow-out technique by linear movement of absorber in rotational irradiation]. PMID- 3217250 TI - [Microwave interstitial hyperthermia--fundamental experiments for clinical applications]. PMID- 3217251 TI - [Bone scintigraphy of decompression sickness]. PMID- 3217252 TI - [RBEs of thermal neutron capture therapy and 10B(n, alpha)7Li reaction on melanoma bearing hamster]. PMID- 3217253 TI - [Hydrophilic polymer-coated microcatheter-guide wire system for superselective angiographic procedures]. PMID- 3217254 TI - [Simplified technique of transarterial placement of a long-term retaining infusion catheter--reverse application of guidewire as a guide for arterial cut down approach]. PMID- 3217255 TI - Hysterosalpingoscintigraphy: a simple and accurate method of evaluating fallopian tube patency. AB - A prospective study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of radionuclide hysterosalpingoscintigraphy using 99mTc-labelled human serum albumin macroaggregates in 17 patients (34 tubes). In normal females the macroaggregates migrate spontaneously through the female reproductive tract following application into the posterior vaginal fornix. They can be seen in the uterine fornix 20 min p.i. (range: 5-90 min) and as free pelvic activity 120 min p.i. (range 40-180 min). Free pelvic activity could also be demonstrated by culdocentesis. In infertile patients with failure of tubal patency images after 180 min offered no additional information. For the routine diagnosis camera images 5, 60 and 180 min p.i. are recommended. Using 5-10 MBq 99mTc the radiation exposure to the ovaries is about 1/9th of the exposure from a normal radiologic hysterosalpingogram. The reported data show results comparable with those of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in females with patent or with nonpermeable tubes, but in cases of high-pressure by patency by HSG the results of scintigraphy are superior to those of HSG. Moreover, this method provides new insights into sperm motility under various physiological and pathological conditions. PMID- 3217257 TI - [Experience with a high-dose therapy concept in metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer]. AB - Three patients with pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma were treated with radioiodine. As a first treatment either 1.85 GBq (50 mCi) or 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) were given followed by doses of 11.1 GBq (300 mCi) 131I. In one patient the pulmonary metastases disappeared completely, the two other patients showed a significant regression. In one patient possibly radiation-induced pancytopenic changes appeared after the third and fourth radioiodine treatment, in the other two patients side-effects were not seen. PMID- 3217256 TI - [Radioimmunotherapy of solitary liver metastases using intratumor instillation of 131I-labeled monoclonal antibodies--initial results of a clinical study]. AB - Solitary liver metastases (carcinoembryogenic antigen positive) in two patients suffering from colon carcinoma were multifocally injected with 131I-labelled monoclonal antibodies (131I-MAb) against the carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA). The 131I activity in the metastases decreased biexponentially. The 131I serum concentration declined triexponentially in patient 1 and monoexponentially in patient 2. The radiation dose to the whole tumor volume amounted to 358 Sv and 762 Sv, respectively; the whole-body radiation dose was 87.5 mSv for patient 1 and 39.0 mSv for patient 2. Complications did not occur. Before treatment there had been a volume doubling time of the metastases of 1.5 and 0.9 months, respectively; this contrasts with a constant tumor volume after treatment as observed over the follow-up period of 3.5 and 2 months, respectively. The CEA serum concentration decreased after 131I-MAb instillation within 1.5 and 2.5 months to 66% and 58%, respectively, when compared with values immediately before treatment. On the basis of these results the intratumoral application of 131I-MAb appears in selected cases to be a suitable method of slowing down growth of liver metastases from gastrointestinal tumors. PMID- 3217258 TI - False aneurysm of splanchnic arteries--a scintigraphic pitfall. AB - A 99mTc-DTPA flow study fo the abdominal aorta in a 56-year old woman gave a false-positive image of an aneurysm at the site of the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery. PMID- 3217259 TI - The Humor Basket Project. PMID- 3217260 TI - A comparison of dietary fish oil and corn oil in experimental colorectal carcinogenesis. AB - Rats fed either fish oil (n = 16) or corn oil (n = 16) in calorically and nutritionally balanced diets were injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, which is a colorectal specific carcinogen; differential colorectal tumor induction was then measured. In addition, plasma peroxide concentrations were measured in rats in each dietary group as well as in a group receiving a low-fat diet, either with or without prior carcinogen treatment (n = 3 for each of the 6 groups). Tumor incidence did not differ between groups fed corn oil and fish oil. Tumor yield in the left colon was significantly lower in rats fed fish oil (p = 0.0499). Total colorectal tumors induced were also fewer in the rats fed fish oil (p = 0.065). Plasma peroxide concentrations were difficult to interpret because of the wide variation within groups. The data on tumor yield in the left colon support the hypothesis that a diet rich in n-3 fatty acids, which are found in fish oil, may be less supportive of colorectal tumor development than a diet rich in n-6 fatty acids, which is found in corn oil. However, the mechanism by which fish oil decreases tumor induction is still unknown. PMID- 3217261 TI - Salt and gastrointestinal cancer. AB - This study reports on the taste for salt among patients with gastric, colon, or rectal cancers and among population controls, within the scope of an investigation on those cancers in two Belgian provinces. Among people who systematically added salt to their food, the relative risks observed were as follows: 1.78 for gastric cancer, 1.53 for colon cancer, and 1.74 for rectal cancer. Even though all three were statistically significant, these increases are moderate and may be due to interaction with other, as yet unknown casual factors. PMID- 3217262 TI - The problem of profound mismeasurement and the power of epidemiological studies of diet and cancer. AB - Ecological associations of fat intake with breast cancer incidence have not, in general, been corroborated by individual-based epidemiological studies. Profound mismeasurement, which, in these studies, probably typifies measures of dietary exposures in general and of fat in particular may, in part, explain this lack of agreement. To demonstrate the way in which error masks effects, we studied the impact of extreme mismeasurement in analysis of strong or moderate underlying associations using computer-simulated, case-control studies (300 cases, 300 controls). Severe error causes the mean and median odds ratios to be biased toward unity, tests for trend and upper category odds ratios to be often not significant, and lower category odds ratios frequently to exceed higher exposure ones. Important risk relationships can be concealed, despite careful design and analysis if there is substantial mismeasurement of exposure. PMID- 3217263 TI - Cytotoxicity of extracts of spices to cultured cells. AB - The cytotoxicity of the extracts from eight different spices used in the Indian diet was determined using Dalton's lymphoma ascites tumor cells and human lymphocytes in vitro and Chinese Hamster Ovary cells and Vero cells in tissue culture. Alcoholic extracts of the spices were found to be more cytotoxic to these cells than their aqueous extracts. Alcoholic extracts of several spices inhibited cell growth at concentrations of 0.2-1 mg/ml in vitro and 0.12-0.3 mg/ml in tissue culture. Ginger, pippali (native to India; also called dried catkins), pepper, and garlic showed the highest activity followed by asafetida, mustard, and horse-gram (native to India). These extracts also inhibited the thymidine uptake into DNA. PMID- 3217264 TI - Periurethral hygiene--effectiveness of different methods. PMID- 3217265 TI - The global AIDS campaign: Britain's leading role. PMID- 3217266 TI - The implementation of systematic nursing in selected hospitals of India: a chronicle of the change process. PMID- 3217267 TI - A step towards raising the status of women in developing countries. PMID- 3217268 TI - Transient loss of consciousness: role of nursing staff. PMID- 3217269 TI - Education in nursing discipline. PMID- 3217270 TI - [Prevention of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3217271 TI - [Effect of selected low molecular weight uremic toxins on fructosediphosphate aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in human erythrocytes]. PMID- 3217272 TI - [Zinc, copper and magnesium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and so-called seronegative arthritis]. PMID- 3217273 TI - [IgA and IgD deficiencies associated with chronic active hepatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3217274 TI - [Drug dependence and drug abuse in the light of publications of the International Organ of Narcotic Control 1984-1986]. PMID- 3217275 TI - Oncogene expression in prostate cancer: Dunning R3327 rat dorsal prostatic adenocarcinoma system. AB - Steady-state levels of myc, fos, p53, sis, and neu mRNAs were measured in eight variants derived from the Dunning R3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma and compared to levels in normal dorsal prostate. Expression of the myb and erbB oncogenes in the Dunning tumors was below the limits of detection. Myc, p53, and sis mRNA levels in all tumors were at or above control levels. Fos mRNA levels were below control levels in four of five anaplastic tumors and were above control levels in the remaining tumors. A comparison of mRNA levels along the two Dunning lineages revealed that increased expression of these oncogenes did not correlate with tumor progression. PMID- 3217276 TI - Effect of a 4-methyl-4-aza steroid on androgen metabolism by rat ventral prostate epithelial and stromal cell cultures: selective inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase activity. AB - The effect of a potent steroid metabolic inhibitor, 17 beta-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl 4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (DMAA), on androgen metabolism was investigated in primary monolayer cultures of rat ventral prostate epithelial and stromal cells. Using testosterone (T) as substrate, 5 alpha-reductase (5 alpha-R) activity in both cell types was inhibited by greater than 98% at an inhibitor concentration of 1000 nM. The concentrations required to produce a 50% inhibition (IC50) were 7.4 and 9.0 nM for epithelial and stromal cells, respectively. To examine the specificity of this compound, its effect on other steroid-metabolic enzymes was examined. DMAA at a concentration of 1,000 nM had no effect on 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidase (3 alpha-HSORox), 3-ketosteroid reductase (3 alpha HSORred), and 6/7-hydroxylase (6/7-HSH) activities in both cell types; 17 beta hydroxysteroid oxidase (17 beta-HSORox) activity, located primarily in epithelial cells, also was not influenced by DMAA. In contrast, epithelial 3 beta hydroxysteroid oxidase (3 beta-HSORox) and 3-ketosteroid reductase (3 beta HSORred) activities were inhibited by 65% (P less than .001) and 58% (P greater than .05), respectively, albeit the latter result was not statistically significant. Stromal 3 beta-HSORox and 3 beta-HSORred activities were negligible; hence the effect of the inhibitor of these enzymes could not be assessed. In conclusion, DMAA is a relatively selective and potent inhibitor of 5 alpha-R activity in primary cultures of rat ventral prostate epithelial and stromal cells and should be a useful compound for antagonizing androgen-mediated actions in the prostate and other androgen target tissues. PMID- 3217277 TI - Clinical pharmacology of polyestradiol phosphate. AB - The results of the present studies demonstrate that intramuscular injections of polyestradiol phosphate (PEP) produce not only considerably increased estrogen concentration in plasma but also maintain the same estrone/estradiol ratio as in normal men. Monthly injections of PEP produce persistent elevation of the plasma estradiol levels throughout the dose interval, and rising PEP doses produce proportionately increasing steady-state plasma concentrations of estradiol. The steady-state plasma concentrations of testosterone are reduced to 45, 25, and 15% of the pretreatment concentrations after treatment every fourth week with 80, 160, and 240 mg PEP, respectively. PMID- 3217278 TI - Case-control study of prostate cancer and socioeconomic factors. AB - A total of 1,162 prostate cancer cases and 3,124 age-matched hospital controls from several U.S. hospitals were studied to identify associations between prostate cancer and life-style variables. Among white males, college education, professional occupation, and non-Jewish ethnicity were weakly associated with the risk of prostate cancer (ORs = 1.5, 1.8, and 1.3, respectively, P less than 0.01). These relationships retained statistical significance after adjustment for age, marital status, body mass, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity in multiple logistic regression models. Among black males, similar, though nonsignificant, risk elevations were observed for education and occupation. Weak positive effects of borderline statistical significance were observed for high body mass, low physical exercise, and high serum cholesterol (in elderly males only), and a significant reduction in risk was noted for never married black males. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were not related to the risk of prostate cancer. PMID- 3217279 TI - [Polymer fibers in surgery. III]. AB - Polyester fibres were started to be used as synthetic polymer material in the mid 1950's. In comparison with polyamides they have a greater chemical and biological durability. Their elasticity, resistance to weather, abrasive strength, low susceptibility to sorption, distortion strength, no toxicity, resistance to heat treatment in sterilization, moderate capillarity, gave the polyesters their present wide usability in various fields of surgery. Polyester fibres most frequently used are: ethyl terephthalate, lawsan, dacron, terylene, elana, torlene, terytal, tetron, etc. They are used as surgical threads, knitted and weaved fabric, vascular prostheses, tendons, ligaments and bands in hernia plastic operation, in reconstruction of abdomen wall and chest and in diaphragm prosthetics. In most cases the grafts had a high mechanical and physical resistance, were biologically immune, and healed well. Polyester fibres can be modified in order to increase the durability of their anastomosis with organic tissues and to give them long gemicidal activity. The main factors which cause the fibre decomposition are the processes of hydrolysis, oxidation, and enzymatic deconstruction. In many reports knitted and gauze fabric were said to be superior to the knitted ones. It was found that by use of polyester vascular prostheses good results can be obtained in implanting them to the aorta and its branches, while in implanting into small and medium blood vessels thrombi form. On the basis of macrokinetic parameters of lavsan prostheses destruction in the organism a method for predicting the length of the exploatation properties loss of the polymer were proposed. The results were mostly convergent with the experimental ones. PMID- 3217280 TI - Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the central nervous system. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations of a pediatric case. AB - In 1982, Weiss and Enzinger described a group of soft tissue tumors in adults that they called epithelioid hemangioendothelioma [Cancer 50: 970-981, 1982]. Such tumors have also been found in heart, bone, liver, lung and lymph nodes, and Kepes and Rubinstein described two intracranial examples in adults in 1986 [J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol. 45:319, 1986]. This report documents clinical and pathological features of an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in the parietal lobe of a 4-year-old boy. PMID- 3217281 TI - Sex hormone receptors in a congenital meningioma. AB - The authors report a case of a congenital meningioma in a male infant in whom receptor binding sites for progesterone were significantly elevated. PMID- 3217282 TI - Role of magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional computerized tomography in craniovertebral junction anomalies. AB - The surgical management of craniovertebral junction abnormalities depends on accurate radiological identification of the static and dynamic relationships. Four cases are presented to show the importance of flexion/extension magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional computerized tomography scanning in the evaluation of these relationships. With these techniques, anterior and/or posterior decompressive procedures can be appropriately planned to reduce and stabilize craniovertebral abnormalities. Long-term neural deficits can be reversed by these procedures. PMID- 3217283 TI - Choroid plexus papillomas of neonates, infants and children. AB - Case descriptions of 17 patients with choroid plexus papillomas of neonates, infants and children are presented. Fourteen (82%) were diagnosed and treated during the first 24 months of life (5 were in the neonatal period). Choroid plexus papillomas were located in the lateral ventricle in 11 (bilateral in 1), the third ventricle in 4, both the lateral and third ventricle in 1 and the fourth ventricle in 1. All patients were evaluated by computed tomography. All tumors were excised and histologically verified. There were no surgical or case mortalities. Ten patients needed permanent shunting postoperatively. Follow-up observations show that 13 patients exhibit normal neurological and psychomotor development. Three are retarded and have seizure disorders. One is hemiparetic but normal otherwise. Aggressive surgical resection and appropriate management of associated hydrocephalus should be performed for the patients with choroid plexus papillomas. PMID- 3217284 TI - 'Slit-ventricle syndrome': etiology and treatment. AB - Between 1970 and 1986, 20 patients were treated for the 'Slit-ventricle syndrome'. Six patients had intermittent proximal shunt malfunction and 14 children had increased intracranial pressure with normal shunt function. All of the children in the second group had a relatively small calvarium. Treatment consisted of proximal shunt revision in the first group and a calvarial expansion procedure in the second. The authors discuss the differential diagnosis of the slit-ventricle syndrome and offer guidelines to appropriate treatment. PMID- 3217285 TI - Sylvian fissure meningioma in a child: case report and review of the literature. AB - A case report of a Sylvian fissure meningioma in a 4-year-old female is presented. Childhood meningiomas are discussed, and the literature is reviewed with respect to the location of the lesion in the Sylvian fissure. The role of radiotherapy following subtotal resection of meningiomas is also described. PMID- 3217287 TI - Preventive Services for School-Age Children. PMID- 3217286 TI - Sexual behavior: can the pediatrician counsel adolescents? PMID- 3217288 TI - Factors affecting pediatric preventive care utilization in a prepaid group practice. AB - Previous research on the utilization of pediatric preventive care has shown that certain sociodemographic factors, such as age, birth order, family size and race, as well as health attitudes and beliefs are related to the use of well-child services. To examine the simultaneous effects of sociodemographic, psychosocial and behavioral factors, we conducted a 16-month prospective investigation of 532 children belonging to a university-affiliated prepaired group practice. The children were under 5 years of age upon enrollment and came predominantly from white, middle-class families with well-educated parents. Our bivariable results showed that 13 factors were related to preventive care utilization (p less than 0.05) and, in effect, confirmed findings from previous investigations. However, using model-fitting procedures, we found that only two variables, child's age and birth order, significantly predicted the rate of preventive care visits; a high utilization rate was observed for younger children and for first-born children. Since the observed age-specific rates of preventive care utilization were nearly identical to the schedule recommended by the pediatricians in this practice, we believe that most of the variability in well-child care in our population was due to provider-induced demand. Furthermore, none of the other demographic or psychosocial factors that significantly predicted acute care utilization in this population had any effect on preventive care once age and birth order were accounted for. PMID- 3217289 TI - A simple system for auditing the quality of primary care screening in school-age children. AB - A system for auditing quality of care and increasing effectiveness was applied to a health screening program for school-age children and the results were analyzed during 2 subsequent years. A problem-oriented record to be filled in whenever the screening was positive represented the basic tool for the evaluation. The record was sent to the specialist who was requested to make a diagnostic assessment and a treatment plan. The same record returned back to the first-level staff thus providing feedback information about diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness of the screening. Periodic self-evaluation meetings and a tutorial system for diagnostic procedures were instituted leading to a general improvement in quality indexes. PMID- 3217290 TI - Child to child: an approach to the health education of primary school-age children. AB - Child to Child is an approach to health education of the primary school-age child. In developing countries, infants and young children spend much of their lives in the care of an older brother or sister. Morley, a paediatrician, saw the potential of teaching these older children to provide better care for their siblings. Working with colleagues in education, Child to Child was launched in 1978, the International Year of the Child. Teaching material was prepared covering developmental needs, nutrition, common illnesses and aspects of the environment; a book was published describing an activity-oriented teaching method. This material was distributed to developing countries world-wide, with encouragement to use the material and ideas freely, adapting, translating, or innovating as found useful. Child to Child is now in use in 60 or more countries, and in at least 15 languages. It is being used by agencies like the World Bank, UNICEF, UNESCO, and OXFAM as a way of reinforcing community education in the search for 'Health for All by 2000'. A world-wide review of Child to Child is in hand. Information from this will help to provide firm guidelines on implementation in the different contexts where its value has already been established. PMID- 3217291 TI - Healthy long-term attitudes on personal health can be developed in school-age children. AB - Since the current decade is often called the 'golden age' of health care, it is logical to ensure that children are not summarily excluded from the many benefits that can be derived from today's new understanding of disease and its prevention. By basing early health education upon a child's own well-defined concept of illness, the patient-provider interaction is improved in the short-run and superior long-term attitudes on overall health care are encouraged. HealthPACT is a health education program tailored specifically for school children that teaches them, and members of other well-defined groups, how to become active participants in their current, and future, health care matters. PMID- 3217293 TI - Training of health personnel as teachers of adolescents in family life education. AB - In view of the rapid social changes, the role and functions of parenting have become confused and more difficult. This has increased the need for active partnership between parents and professionals and between professionals involved in helping parents in their educative role. The concepts and practice of family life education in Poland are shortly discussed. A program of training health workers in family life education is presented. PMID- 3217292 TI - Health teams in school. A step towards primary prevention. AB - Health education in schools is a subject that many people talk about but few do something about. One reason for this is that it is an interdisciplinary subject. This paper describes a community model with a ten-point program. Local health teams with collaboration between the school health service and the teachers are one of the main features of the model. A more active engagement in health education is a step towards primary prevention of health problems caused by living habits and environmental factors. PMID- 3217294 TI - Training of personnel in schools to make health education programs efficient. AB - For health education to become efficient, it is necessary to improve the adult environment in school. This contributes positively to the school health environment. To achieve this goal, the consciousness and knowledge of the needs of children must be improved, broadened and deepened. A school pediatrician must use his knowledge and the advantage of being a part of the school to develop courses for the school personnel to support health services in school. In the municipality of Ostersund, Sweden, we have developed five courses for school personnel concerning children and health. We find this to be one good way of interpreting the aims of school health service: to support the development of the pupils, to preserve and improve their mental and bodily health and to work for healthy life habits. PMID- 3217295 TI - Parents' reactions to sex education in the primary school. AB - This study presents the reactions of parents to a sex education course offered in the Geneva public schools to children aged approximately 10 years. The following points are discussed: (1) parents' reactions to the meeting at which they are informed of the course's content; (2) parents' attitudes concerning the sex education of their children, and (3) parents' viewpoints of the children's reactions following the course. Based on the 100 first replies, the analysis shows that for a very large proportion of parents, the course, considered as a complement to their more or less frequent familial discussions on this subject, corresponds well to the developmental and psychological levels of their children and that it makes further discussion easier. PMID- 3217296 TI - Aspects of health education: a neglected area. AB - Much of human suffering is attributable to preventable causes. The area of family health is particularly important in this respect. Ignorance of simple facts relating to one's structure and development, unquestioning acceptance of tradition, belief in misconcepts, and indiscreet yielding to peer and social pressures are often causative of such suffering, particularly among young people. At present, the situation does not appear to be remedied by the influence of school teachers; and, even less by parents. This is the case for a sound programme of Family Life Education (FLE) in schools, for the implementation of which 'gatekeeper' co-operation, curriculum development and teacher training are paramount. A school's FLE programme by itself will not respond to the needs of all young people; for, in the developing world in particular, the rate of drop out from the formal school education stream is high. These drop-outs cannot often be reached through the usual employment channels. It is therefore necessary to identify means of reaching them in an effective manner. Mass media and traditional educational material are unlikely to fulfill this need. Therefore, special print material has to be developed. For this purpose, well-focussed objectives have to be drawn up, and instructional content has to be compiled. Presentation methodologies have to be evolved in an innovative manner. These need necessarily be locality-specific, based on the findings of behavioural and sociological studies conducted on and around specific target populations. PMID- 3217297 TI - Preventive health for school-age children in a developing country: Brazil. AB - The vast territorial expanse of Brazil and the great discrepancies of socioeconomic conditions, varying with the geoeconomic area considered, make health education for school-age children (7-14 years) difficult. Besides the shortage of classrooms, there is also a high level of school failure and school evasion in elementary school, especially in the North-East, the poorest region of the country. Of the enrolled children in the 1st grade, less than 20% go through to the 8th grade. School evasion reaches its maximum (44-46%) at the 1st and the 2nd grade levels Despite the 'health integration' programs established by the Government and the building of several thousands of classrooms and countless health units in the last 3-4 years, the provision of preventive health measures and preventive health education for schoolchildren is still far from satisfactory. PMID- 3217298 TI - Report of a school health service team in Lorraine. AB - This article reports on the introduction of a school-based health team consisting of a physician, nurse, social worker, and secretary. The author describes his experience in providing school-based health services in an underprivileged population in a small dormitory town in eastern France. The article discusses the process of developing both a public health and service delivery program. The process of modifying the program based on better understanding of the socioeconomic and cultural context is described by the author as he gained a better understanding of the population. The article emphasizes the needs of teenagers, many with high risk behaviors, and concludes with recommendations for similar projects based on this experience. PMID- 3217299 TI - Current aspects in the treatment of anxiety. Proceedings of a symposium. Cambridge, 30 June-1 July 1987. PMID- 3217300 TI - The classification of anxiety disorders. AB - This paper discusses the relationship between panic and other symptoms of anxiety disorders. The approach to classification of these disorders described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Third Edition) of the American Psychiatric Association is outlined. It is concluded that there are substantial advantages to the adoption of such a system. Not only does the separation of distinct syndromes offer some understanding of aetiology but there is evidence of a differential treatment response. PMID- 3217301 TI - A survey of the treatment of anxiety disorders in general practice. AB - Three hundred and fifty seven patients with conspicuous psychiatric morbidity in two general practices in Nottinghamshire, one urban and one rural, were followed up for three years after original assessment. All patients were initially assessed for current mental state, personality status and alcohol problems using standard instruments. Of these patients 131 were diagnosed as suffering from anxiety states and other neurotic disorders. In the three year period 87% had received treatment from the general practitioner and 24% had been referred to a psychiatrist. The most common treatment was a prescription for tricyclic antidepressants (59%) but benzodiazepines were prescribed for the longest period. Only 8% of patients received psychotherapy or behaviour therapy. It is argued that this pattern of treatment represents the best use of current knowledge. PMID- 3217302 TI - The management of anxiety disorders in the community--a general practitioner's viewpoint. AB - Anxiety is a common problem in primary care. General practitioners appear to be confused about its classification and hence uncertain about its treatment. The spectrum model offers a simple approach which shows considerable agreement with more complex taxonomies. It also allows for a more systematic and sensible approach to management. PMID- 3217303 TI - Divergent selection for growth in Japanese quail under split and complete nutritional environments. 2. Water and feed intake patterns and abdominal fat and carcass lipid characteristics. AB - A study was conducted to investigate water and feed intake patterns, abdominal fat and carcass lipid levels, feed efficiency and growth in high (H) and low (L) body weight lines of Japanese quail divergently selected under complete diet (CD) or split diet (SD) environments. Birds under the SD environment could self-select from high-protein low-energy or low-protein high-energy diets. Progeny from both the selected and control (C) lines were evaluated under the SD environment in Generations 6 and 10, and under the CD environment in Generation 10. Under the SD environment, body weights of the H lines were similar as were body weights of the L lines; however, under the CD environment, there were significant differences between H lines and between L lines. Body weights were higher under the CD than under the SD environment. Differences between H and L lines in body weights and 1 wk relative growth rates within SD and CD environments were attributed to differences in water and feed consumption and feed efficiency. Water consumption was greater in the SD than CD environments. Feed consumption was greater in the SD than CD environment from 0 to 2 wk of age; thereafter, feed consumption was higher in the CD environment. Abdominal fat and carcass lipid levels were greater in H than L lines, with the magnitude of the difference greater in the SD environment, indicating that the SD may be a better environment than the CD environment for the study of abdominal fat and carcass lipids in Japanese quail. PMID- 3217304 TI - Analysis of factors affecting year-round performance of Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens reared under an open-sided housing system. AB - Based upon a field survey, an analysis was made to clarify factors affecting year round performance of laying hens reared within an open-sided housing system. Data were collected from flocks located in Kumagaya city (36 degrees N, Japan), where they were subjected to periodic seasonal changes in photoperiod and ambient temperature specific to that area. Monthly performance of Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens at 5 to 16 mo of age was recorded and analyzed in terms of month of hatch, ambient temperature, and age. Changes in egg production and daily egg mass coincided with those in natural daylength. Egg weight was significantly lower in June-hatched layers; egg mass was highest in May and lowest in December hatches. Feed, CP, and ME intakes showed opposite periodic changes to that of ambient temperature with various delay times: ME intake showed no delay, whereas feed and CP intakes had 18 and 29-day delays, respectively. By comparing the performances of April to June and September to November-hatched hens, it was found that natural photoperiod appeared to be more important than ambient temperature in egg production, and that the effect of natural photoperiod became small and insignificant as the bird aged. The effect of temperature on egg production rate was found to be dependent on age of laying hens, i.e., it was more evident in old birds, especially when birds were exposed to a cold climate. Apparent age-dependent changes in the periodic element of egg production rate as related to calendar month were also shown. PMID- 3217305 TI - Nutritional evaluation of grain amaranth for growing chickens. AB - The nutritional value of raw and autoclaved grain amaranth, its milling fractions (perisperm and bran), fat-free flour, and of popped amaranth was evaluated for growing chickens. The control diet, which was composed primarily of corn and soybean meal, contained 3.06 kcal apparent ME (AME)/g and 23.6% CP. Test diets contained about the same AME and CP levels, and the following levels of the test samples: whole grain amaranth flour, 61.46%; fat-free flour, 62.10%; perisperm, 49.50%; bran, 35.30%; and popped amaranth, 61.10%. Two groups of six unsexed broiler chicks each, 2-day old when received, were used per diet. Chickens fed diets containing autoclaved grain amaranth or its fractions over 17 or 18 days grew as well as those fed the control diet. Feeding of popped amaranth resulted in poorer performance. On a dry matter basis, AME values of raw grain amaranth flour, fat-free flour, perisperm, bran, and popped amaranth were found to be 3.21, 3.09, 3.68, 3.06, and 2.98 kcal/g, respectively. Respective AME values for the first four autoclaved samples were 3.04, 2.94, 3.10, and 3.17 kcal/g. Autoclaved grain amaranth and its perisperm fraction replaced corn in the diets of growing chickens with similar performance results. PMID- 3217306 TI - Estimation of the tryptophan requirement of male broiler chickens. AB - Three experiments were conducted to determine the response of the male broiler chick to tryptophan (TRP) supplementation. Chicks were fed from 7 to 18 or 7 to 20 days posthatch either a grain sorghum-soybean meal diet containing .16% TRP, supplemented with 0, .02, .04, .06, .09, or .11% L-TRP, or a corn-soybean meal positive control diet containing .25% TRP. Levels of TRP in all diets were confirmed by ion-exchange chromatography using an alkaline hydrolysis. The test diet contained 15.34% CP (N x 6.25) from intact ingredients and 20% CP (N x 6.25) when supplemented with other amino acids to 110% of National Research Council recommendations in 1984. No improvement in gain or feed efficiency was observed with chicks fed the grain sorghum-soybean meal diet at any level of TRP supplementation. Feed utilization but not weight gain of the chicks fed the TRP supplemented test diets was significantly poorer than that of chicks fed the corn soybean meal positive control diets. These results suggest that the TRP requirement of the young (0 to 21-day-old) broiler chicken is no greater than .16% of a diet containing 3,200 kcal ME/kg. PMID- 3217307 TI - Use of organic acids in broiler diets. AB - Two feeding trials were carried out to determine the potential use of fumaric acid and calcium formate in diets for broiler chickens. In the first study using male broiler chicks fed to 21 days of age, fumaric acid was added at 0, .5, 1.0 and 1.5% and calcium formate was added at 0, .72, 1.48, 2.20, and 2.89%. All combinations of fumaric acid and calcium formate were evaluated in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments. Addition of .5 or 1.0% fumaric acid significantly (P less than .05) improved body weights of broilers but did not influence feed utilization. Addition of calcium formate at levels greater than .72% significantly reduced both body weight and feed utilization. There was no significant interaction between levels of fumaric acid and calcium formate. In a second trial, male and female broiler chicks were grown to 49 days of age using diets containing 0, .5, 1.0, and 1.5% calcium formate. Addition of .5 or 1.0% calcium formate had no significant effect on weight gains or feed utilization. Addition of 1.5% calcium formate significantly reduced body weights of both males and females at 21 and 42 days. At 49 days of age, body weights of males fed 1.5% calcium formate did not differ from those of males fed the control diet, but were significantly less than those of males fed diets with .5 or 1.0% calcium formate. Female body weights at 49 days of age were significantly depressed by addition of 1.5% calcium formate. PMID- 3217308 TI - Ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in the diet of broilers maintained under heat stress conditions. AB - Male broiler chicks were grown to 21 days of age under normal conditions, then placed in environmental chambers maintained under constant (24 C) or cyclic (24 to 35 C) heat conditions. Chicks were acclimated for 1 wk on a standard grower basal diet. Standard grower basal diets were fortified with 0, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 ppm coated ascorbic acid (AA) or 0, 125, 250, or 500 ppm acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Test diets were fed for 14 days in two separate studies. Cyclic heat conditions reduced feed intake and significantly reduced weight gains in both trials. Feed efficiency was not significantly affected by heat stress. Neither AA or ASA had beneficial effects on broiler growth or feed efficiency. PMID- 3217309 TI - Critique of methods of estimating the variability of metabolizable energy from assays with fasted roosters. AB - Metabolizable energy values from assays with fasted roosters are often calculated: 1) without regard to variability in data from control roosters, 2) with chemical determination on pooled and not individual data, and 3) from data sets with statistically aberrant points removed. Data from determinations of the ME of a feather meal sample were used to examine the influence of these practices on the reported mean and variance values. Ignoring the variability of the fasted controls or pooling excreta samples did not have large effects on the means or variances of these samples. Eliminating data from roosters whose excreta weights are more than one standard deviation from the mean had little effect on the mean value but made the variance appear much smaller than it actually was. As a result of these practices, researchers may place too much confidence in their data and fail to use enough replicates (roosters) to justify that confidence. PMID- 3217310 TI - Comparisons of bioassays for true metabolizable energy adjusted to zero nitrogen balance. AB - Four experiments were made with adult, Single Comb White Leghorn cockerels to investigate aspects of the bioassay for true metabolizable energy adjusted to zero nitrogen balance (TMEn). Collection of excreta in plastic bags held in place by harnesses (H) doubled the potential bird capacity of a standard cage arrangement relative to that wherein excreta are collected on trays (T). Housing H-birds in adjacent cages had no effect on fecal (F) and urinary (U) energy adjusted to zero nitrogen balance (FEn + UEn) irrespective of whether neighboring birds were fed or fasted. Extension of the preassay fast to 48 h did not prevent the reduction in FEn + UEn, seen in previous experiments, of H-birds relative to that of T-birds. Extension of the preassay fast to 48 h, provision of supplemental glucose, and the variation of test material inputs from 30 to 50 g did not substantially effect TMEn estimates or their precision: supplemental glucose reduced body weight loss, but the appearance of glucose in an excreta sample was a cause for concern. Provision of supplemental water by intubation during fasting and excreta-collection periods had little effect on the variance of FEn + UEn values of fed or fasted birds, and no effect on TMEn estimates. Although excreta collection with H has several advantages, there can be a high incidence of sample loss due to H slippage: 21, 2, 0, and 22% in Experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The reduced FEn + UEn of H-birds is a problem requiring explanation. In terms of data quality, none of the assay modifications was beneficial. PMID- 3217311 TI - Gas chromatographic analysis of shell membrane amino acids from hard-shelled, soft-shelled, and shell-less eggs. AB - The amino acid composition of shell membranes from hard-shelled (HS), soft shelled (SS), and shell-less (SL) eggs produced by 62-wk-old hens was analyzed by gas chromatography using N-acetyl n-propyl ester derivatives. This technique succeeded in identifying tryptophane and ornithine as shell membrane components. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of any of the 17 amino acids analyzed among HS and SS eggs, HS and SL eggs, or SS and SL eggs. Stepwise discriminant analysis of the amino acid ratios correctly classified all of the amino acid chromatograms of shell membranes from HS/SL and SS/SL egg pairs, and 92.9% of the HS/SS and 90.0% of the HS/SS/SL amino acid chromatograms were classified correctly (F = 1.0). Higher F values reduced the percentage of correct classifications to 75.0%, 85.0%, and 67.5% (F = 2.0) for the HS/SL, SS/SL, and HS/SS/SL egg groups, respectively, and to 78.6% (F = 3.0) for the HS/SS egg group. Stepwise discriminant analysis also identified specific amino acid ratios that were most efficient at classifying the amino acid chromatograms according to shell type. This process identified three amino acid ratios for the HS/SS egg group (F = 3.0), two ratios for the HS/SL egg group, four ratios for the SS/SL egg group, and four ratios for the HS/SS/SL egg group (F = 2.0). Based on the number of times they appeared as efficient discriminating variables at higher F values, alanine, proline, and isoleucine seemed to be the most important amino acids for correctly classifying shell membranes by egg type. PMID- 3217312 TI - Erythrocyte alloantigen diversity and some immunological effects of the B system in related New Hampshire strains. AB - Chickens from the Lester J. Dreesen strain of New Hampshires and a small (SBL) and a large (LBL) bursa line derived from it were tested with previously prepared reagents for 10 erythrocyte alloantigen systems. Eight systems were shown to be segregating in one or more of the three related lines. Immunogenetic analysis of the hemagglutination reactions resulted in genotype assignments for seven of the systems. The number of alleles segregating at the respective alloantigen loci were three A, five B, three C, two D, two I, two L, and two P. All seven segregating systems displayed considerable divergence in gene frequencies among two or more of the lines. The B1B1 chicks produced significantly higher peak titers against sheep red blood cells than B6B6 chicks; in adults the order of response of genotypes was B1B1, B6B6, B5B5. Peripheral blood leukocytes from groups of adults and 5-wk old chickens responded consistently to phytohemagglutinin-M according to their B genotypes, in the order B1B1, B5B5, B6B6. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations determined at various ages were higher in the LBL than the SBL strain, even after bursectomy. Genes influencing serum IgG levels may be closely linked to one or more of the blood group systems. PMID- 3217313 TI - Effect of extender viscosity on the insemination dose for chickens. AB - When semen was diluted 1:2 with Beltsville poultry semen extender (BPSE) containing 4% (w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), seminal viscosity was 14 times greater than that of semen similarly extended with BPSE and 2.2 times more viscous than neat semen. Under these conditions, CMC was not spermicidal (P greater than .05). Increased seminal viscosity did not enhance fertility (P greater than .05) over a 20-day interval following a single insemination of 33 or 100 X 10(6) spermatozoa/hen. In the case of semen extended with BPSE as well as BPSE containing CMC, the insemination dose of 100 x 10(6) spermatozoa gave superior fertility (P less than .05) compared with results of insemination with 33 X 10(6) spermatozoa. However, when fertility data from the 1st wk of egg collection were compiled, there was no difference in fertility (P greater than .05) due to insemination dose. These results demonstrate that although a conventional insemination dose could be reduced in order to use semen more efficiently, increasing seminal viscosity may not be warranted for artificial insemination programs. PMID- 3217314 TI - Chlortetracycline and aflatoxin interaction in two lines of chicks. AB - To determine if feed contaminants and feed additives interact, day-old chicks from lines bred for high and low antibody response to sheep erythrocytes were fed aflatoxin at a level of 3,000 ppb, chlortetracycline at a level of 550 ppm, or a combination of aflatoxin and chlortetracycline for a period of 6 wk. Weight gain in both lines of chicks was adversely affected by the aflatoxin treatment. There was a synergistic adverse effect in chicks of the low antibody response line when given chlortetracycline as well as aflatoxin, an effect not noted in chicks of the high antibody response line. Chlortetracycline alone had no effect on weight gain of low antibody response birds but increased the weight gain of chicks from the high antibody response line. Bursa to body weight ratios were adversely affected by aflatoxin in both lines of chicks, but chlortetracycline further adversely affected this parameter only in the low antibody response line. These results indicate that adverse effects of aflatoxin may be enhanced by addition of antibiotics to feed. PMID- 3217315 TI - Influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the performance of commercial laying hens. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of adding 4 micrograms/kg of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] to the diet of 68-wk-old commercial egg production-type hens. The addition of the 1,25(OH)2D3 to the diet for 21 days resulted in significantly decreased egg production, egg weight, and feed consumption, and significantly increased plasma P, and bone-breaking load. Specific gravity of eggs, plasma Ca, tibia ash, and fertility and hatchability of eggs were not significantly affected by the addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 to the diet. PMID- 3217316 TI - Restricted water access time as a means of growth control in turkey tom breeder candidates. AB - Seventeen-wk-old turkey tom breeder candidates were allowed access to water for 4 h each day, as 2 x 2-h periods, to 21 wk. After this time, water access was reduced to 1.5 h/day (21 to 25 wk) and subsequently to 1 h/day (25 to 33 wk). Access time was reduced over time, as the earlier water access time allocation was considered excessive. With 1-h access time each day (2 x 30 min) there were no behavioral signs of thirst, and toms did not use the total time allocation for drinking. Restricted access to water reduced body weight from 25 to 33 wk of age (P less than .05). This BW reduction was accompanied by a nonsignificant reduction in feed intake. At 35 wk of age, semen weight (P less than .05) and sperm count (P less than .01) was increased for toms previously subjected to restricted water-access time. It is concluded that restriction of time that toms are allowed to drink can be used to augment other methods used in control of body weight. PMID- 3217317 TI - Family planning. PMID- 3217318 TI - Contraception by age group. PMID- 3217319 TI - IUDs--the third phase. PMID- 3217320 TI - Sterilisation--the before and after. PMID- 3217321 TI - Future developments in contraception. PMID- 3217322 TI - Psychological perspectives on the nuclear age. PMID- 3217323 TI - The GIFT technique--a new fertility option? PMID- 3217324 TI - What happens to patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia after endoscopy? PMID- 3217325 TI - The examination of the eye. PMID- 3217326 TI - The acute red eye. PMID- 3217327 TI - Sudden and gradual loss of vision. PMID- 3217328 TI - Contact lenses. PMID- 3217329 TI - AIDS. What to do. PMID- 3217330 TI - Nuclear winter. PMID- 3217331 TI - Food additives. PMID- 3217332 TI - Why do an MSc in general practice? PMID- 3217333 TI - Do sugar-based medications really cause caries? PMID- 3217334 TI - 'No reply' on a home visit--what does it mean? PMID- 3217335 TI - Grief and genetic counselling in recurrent abortion. PMID- 3217336 TI - A case of Miller Fisher syndrome. PMID- 3217337 TI - Spinal manipulation: science or black art? PMID- 3217338 TI - Advising patients about reducing fat consumption. PMID- 3217339 TI - Hypoglycaemia as a cause of hemiplegia. PMID- 3217340 TI - Communication. The GP's view. PMID- 3217341 TI - Communication. The surgeon's view. PMID- 3217342 TI - Diagnostic labels, treatment and outcome in acute sore throat. PMID- 3217343 TI - Open-access endoscopy for general practitioners. PMID- 3217344 TI - Accident and emergency departments: a role for GPs. PMID- 3217345 TI - The use of isotope bone scanning in suspected post-gastrectomy osteomalacia. PMID- 3217346 TI - Salmonellosis and enteric fever: still a problem for children in London's East End. PMID- 3217347 TI - Exercise-induced weakness as a presentation of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3217348 TI - An ultrasonic cleaning bath in general practice. PMID- 3217349 TI - AIDS and HIV infection. PMID- 3217350 TI - The 'worried well'. PMID- 3217351 TI - Preparation for and interpretation of the HIV test. PMID- 3217352 TI - The seropositive male. PMID- 3217353 TI - The general practitioner and community care of HIV+ patients. PMID- 3217354 TI - Management of acute ocular problems. PMID- 3217355 TI - What should humans eat? PMID- 3217356 TI - Non-accidental injury in children: the role of the general practitioner. PMID- 3217357 TI - Children in cars--are they safe? PMID- 3217358 TI - Multiple sclerosis and family therapy. PMID- 3217359 TI - Metered dose inhalers: the value of instruction. PMID- 3217360 TI - Do we know how to feed our children? PMID- 3217361 TI - Recognising growth disorders. PMID- 3217362 TI - Roseola infantum--the neglected exanthem. PMID- 3217363 TI - Incest--a suitable case for treatment? PMID- 3217364 TI - Patients attending casualty from one group practice. PMID- 3217365 TI - High altitude pulmonary oedema in the Himalayas: a preventable condition. PMID- 3217366 TI - Third annual meeting and exposition. American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. October 30-November 3, 1988, Orlando, Florida. Abstracts. PMID- 3217367 TI - Should the American Nurses' Association (ANA) have the sole responsibility for establishing the standards of practice? PMID- 3217368 TI - [Simultaneous occurrence of fibrosis and tumors of the lung]. PMID- 3217369 TI - [The tuberculin test in the clinic--dosage and evaluation]. PMID- 3217370 TI - [More on mass roentgen examination]. PMID- 3217371 TI - [Simultaneous resection of echinococcus cysts from the liver and lung]. PMID- 3217372 TI - Precursors of essential hypertension: body weight, alcohol and salt use, and parental history of hypertension. AB - Body mass index, alcohol and salt consumption, and parental history of hypertension were examined as possible predictors of the development of essential hypertension in 1,031 persons, ages 30-49 years at entry, with documented normotension followed by documented hypertension after a mean interval of 6 years. In a comparison with 1,031 matched persistently normotensive persons initial body mass index and percentage increase in body mass index were each predictive of hypertension. Consumption of three or more alcoholic drinks a day at baseline was also predictive, more so if this level of intake persisted than if it diminished. Heavy salt intake as crudely estimated at baseline by one question was also associated with the development of hypertension. Parental history of hypertension was also predictive, more so for hypertension in the mother than for hypertension in the father, and the association was apparent only in female subjects. These characteristics at baseline showed independent associations with subsequent hypertension in multivariate analysis. When follow up data were included in the multivariate analysis, alcohol consumption at the hypertensive examination was much more strongly related than at the baseline examination, suggesting a short-term effect, and heavy salt consumption was no longer predictive, possibly because of a marked loss of subjects due to missing follow-up data. This large study confirms longitudinally the importance of obesity, weight gain during adulthood, alcohol, family history, and, to some extent, salt as predictive and possibly causal factors for essential hypertension. PMID- 3217373 TI - Characteristics of noncontraceptive hormone users. AB - Because noncontraceptive hormone use is not randomly distributed in the population, selection factors for hormone use need to be critically examined to clarify the nature of the relationship between hormone exposure and disease endpoints. The characteristics of hormone users were examined using sociodemographic and health-related information obtained in a telephone survey of 2,137 women (ages 40-52), randomly selected from a driver's license list of Pittsburgh area women. Results showed that 6% of the women surveyed reported current noncontraceptive hormone use, and that 71% of the users had undergone hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy, hereafter called the surgical group. Among all women, hormone users were older and thinner than nonusers, and the frequency of use was two times as high among whites than among blacks. Because rates of use varied dramatically by surgical status, separate univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted for women with and without a hysterectomy/oophorectomy. Body mass index was inversely related to hormone use, and alcohol consumption was positively related to hormone use among both groups. Whites had higher rates of hormone use than blacks among women with hysterectomy/oophorectomy, and a higher level of education was positively related to hormone use among nonsurgical women. The findings show that the distribution of hormone use varies markedly in the community by surgical status, body mass index, race, education, and alcohol use. PMID- 3217374 TI - Exploration of factors affecting mammography behaviors. AB - Of an estimated pool of 1,700 potential participants, only 382 (22%) eligible women participated in a low-cost breast cancer screening program offered to university and medical center employees. Because most women were still available and data were needed to understand why the opportunity to participate was refused by so many, a survey was done to determine factors related to mammography behavior. Three distinct groups of women were identified according to health beliefs, mammography behaviors, and modifying factors. Women who participated in the mammogram program were predominantly well-educated working women who were aware of mammography and its relationship to the breast cancer trajectory; they were affected by cost and convenience issues. One group of women did not participate in the program offered because they had had a recent mammogram; these women were at high risk for breast cancer and perceived mammography to be beneficial. The women who did not participate for other reasons were in nonprofessional jobs, had lower levels of education, and tended not to participate in the health care system as readily as women in the other groups; they perceived themselves less susceptible to breast cancer, valued mammography less, and knew less about breast cancer. PMID- 3217376 TI - Smoking-related disease in a VA hospital. AB - An inpatient population was studied to assess the contribution of smoking to the cause of their hospitalization. We established a new methodology to assess a patient population for smoking-related disease, and found that, during a 24-hr period, 32% of all medical and surgical patients studied were hospitalized with smoking-related disease. Moreover, 17% of all medical and surgical patients were hospitalized for diseases that were very highly related to smoking (with risk ratios greater than 5). On certain services these percentages were much higher. Smoking-related diseases account for a significant proportion of the hospitalizations at the Kansas City Veterans Administration Hospital. PMID- 3217375 TI - Effect of the amount of body fat on the age-associated increase in serum cholesterol. AB - This study investigates the contribution of body fat stores on the age-associated increase in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Percentage of body fat was measured by hydrostatic weighing, and serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were determined in a sample of 472 healthy men and women ages 18-50 years. In both sexes, body fat mass was significantly correlated with serum cholesterol (r = 0.21 in men and r = 0.24 in women, P less than 0.01) and triglyceride (r = 0.33 in men and r = 0.24 in women, P less than 0.01) levels. After adjustment for the association between age and serum cholesterol, no correlation was observed between body fat mass and serum cholesterol (r = 0.01 in men and r = 0.09 in women). After correction for age, serum triglyceride levels remained significantly correlated with body fat mass (r = 0.26 and r = 0.17 in men and women, respectively, P less than 0.05). As body fat also increases with age, the possibility that a partial correlation coefficient procedure eliminated a portion of the age effect mediated by an age-related increase in fat, was addressed by performing further analyses. Within each sex subsample two sets of analyses were performed on (a) three groups of subjects individually paired for age but with different levels of body fat stores, and (b) three groups of subjects paired for the amount of body fat but differing in age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3217377 TI - Smokeless tobacco use among ninth graders in a north-central metropolitan population: cross-sectional and prospective associations with age, gender, race, family structure, and other drug use. AB - Smokeless tobacco use was analyzed in relation to demographic factors and to past and current use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana in 4,249 ninth graders in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. Smokeless tobacco use was found to be more common among males, particularly whites; among whites relative to blacks; among adolescents from one-parent households; and among those who reported current or prior use of cigarettes, alcohol, or marijuana. Smokeless tobacco use was also very common among the Native Americans and Hispanics sampled. The results suggest that smokeless tobacco may be joining the list of common recreational drugs that have potential for both short and long-term danger to the adolescent user. PMID- 3217379 TI - Injury prevalence and associated costs among participants of an employee fitness program. AB - The prevalence, cost, and type of injury among participants of an employee fitness program and nonexercising co-workers were studied over a 2-year period from 1984 to 1985. The purpose of the study was to determine whether participants of an employee fitness program (n = 2,871) experienced a greater risk of injury and resultant higher costs than nonparticipants (n = 3,233). Overall, there were no significant differences in the rate or cost of injuries among the various participation levels (from 0 to 3 or more times per week). However, the data indicated that individuals who occasionally participated in the fitness program experienced a greater, but nonsignificant, risk of injury (6.3 per 100 persons who exercised less than 1 session per week, and 7.7 per 100 persons who exercised 1-2 sessions per week) than nonparticipants (5.7 per 100 persons). Injury prevalence was lower among individuals who exercised 3 or more sessions per week (5.4 per 100 persons) as was the resultant per capita cost of injuries ($32 vs $42 for nonparticipants). We conclude the impact of exercise at an onsite health and fitness facility on overall injury rates and costs among employees is negligible. PMID- 3217378 TI - A statewide approach to adolescent tobacco-use prevention: the Minnesota Wisconsin Adolescent Tobacco-Use Research Project. AB - Adolescent smoking rates remain high and the use of smokeless tobacco is increasing, especially among males. Despite this continuing public health problem and the recent development of more effective prevention programs, few adolescents now participate in such programs at school. Recent legislation in Minnesota established guidelines for tobacco-use prevention programming and provides financial incentives to school districts to use more effective methods. The Minnesota-Wisconsin Adolescent Tobacco-Use Research Project has implemented an evaluation design that will provide data on the efficacy of this statewide approach to the prevention of tobacco use among adolescents. This article describes the current state of tobacco-use prevention programming in Minnesota schools, current efforts to improve on that record, and the research design set up to evaluate these strategies. PMID- 3217380 TI - Development of a validation test for self-reported abstinence from smokeless tobacco products: preliminary results. AB - Using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, 11 heavy elements at concentrations that are easily detectable have been identified in smokeless tobacco products. These concentrations were found to increase in cheek epithelium samples of the user after exposure to smokeless tobacco. This feasibility study suggests that the level of strontium in the cheek epithelium could be a valid measure of recent smokeless tobacco use. It also demonstrates that strontium levels become undetectable within several days of smokeless tobacco cessation. This absence of strontium could validate a self-report of abstinence from smokeless tobacco. Finally, the X-ray spectrum of heavy metal content of cheek epithelium from smokeless tobacco users could itself provide a visual stimulus to further motivate the user to terminate the use of smokeless tobacco products. PMID- 3217381 TI - [Association of antigens of the HLA system and Hashimoto's thyroiditis]. AB - A total of 18 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis aged 20 to 57 were examined (16 females and 2 males). The control group included 267 healthy donors. Antigens of A, B, C and D loci of the HLA system were determined in all the patients. HLA Dr3 was determined in 14 (77.8%) of 18 patients (p less than 0.01). The relative disease risk in carriers of this antigen was 12.6. At the same time a 6-fold decrease in the frequency of HLA Dr2 was found in the patients. The authors discussed the problem of the predisposing role of HLA Dr3 in the development of autoimmune diseases and of the "protective" properties of HLA Dr2. PMID- 3217382 TI - [Antibodies to the plasma membranes of thyrocytes in patients with diffuse toxic goiter during treatment with mercazole]. AB - Antibodies to thyroid cell membranes (ATCM) were studied in sera from 49 patients with diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) using dot-immunobinding prior to treatment with mercazolyl and 1, 4, 12 and 24 mos. later. Among the DTG patients ATMC before treatment were detected in 75.5%; 4 mos. after the start of mercazolyl therapy ATCM were detected in 49% of the patients. Among patients in a long-term remission after mercazolyl therapy ATCM were detected in 37.5% pointing out to immunologic disturbance in these patients. PMID- 3217383 TI - [Mechanisms of disturbance of the secretion of prolactin in patients with acromegaly]. AB - Metoclopramide (DA-antagonist, M) tests were performed in 21 patients with acromegaly and in controls; the levels of adrenohypophyseal hormones were determined before and after drug administration. Irrespective of the basal level of prolactin (P) all the patients demonstrated a decrease in stimulated P secretion which was more noticeable in patients with hyperprolactinemia. The hyperergic response of TSH to M administration was observed in some of the patients with acromegaly. Such a response indicated an elevated tone of the dopaminergic (DA) system. The results obtained were suggestive of dysfunction of DA regulation of P secretion in all the patients with acromegaly. PMID- 3217385 TI - [Variety of transcortin in the blood of women during normal pregnancy]. AB - A concentration of pregnancy-related transcortin variety was detected in the venous blood serum of women at varying time of normal pregnancy and after delivery as well as in umbilical and retroplacental blood serum using a radio immunoassay. This transcortin variety was found in the blood at early stages of pregnancy (the end of the 1st-the start of the 2nd trimester). During pregnancy the content of this variety increased, mainly in the 2nd trimester. At the end of pregnancy transcortin variety concentration achieved values typical of retroplacental blood serum, corresponding to approximately 10% of total transcortin concentration. The absence of transcortin variety in the umbilical blood serum and a slight decrease in its level in the mother's blood by the 5th day after delivery can be suggestive of the fact that this protein is synthesized in the mother's body and does not penetrate the placental barrier. PMID- 3217384 TI - [Problems of pathogenesis of ovarian and idiopathic hirsutism]. AB - The content of total testosterone (T), dehydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (A), estradiol (E2), luteotropin (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was studied in patients with ovarian and idiopathic hirsutism by a radioimmunoassay. The level of T-E-binding globulin (TEBG) was determined by 3H-DHT binding. Concentrations of free and TEBG-unbound T, DHT and E2 were calculated on the basis of the mass action law. The level of free and TEBG-unbound T and DHT was found to be the most reliable marker of the excessive production of androgens in hirsutism. The level of total T and DHT was raised in 50-60% of patients with hirsutism. Patients with hirsutism of ovarian genesis were characterized by considerable blood elevation of LH and FSH with still greater values in patients with menstrual disturbance, and by a rise of an A level. Difference found in hormonal indices can be used in differential diagnosis of ovarian and idiopathic hirsutism. PMID- 3217386 TI - [Growth-stimulating activity: A new factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune lesions of the thyroid gland. (Apropos of an article by V. I. Kandor "Euthyroid goiter: autoimmune component of pathogenesis")]. PMID- 3217388 TI - [Malignant pheochromocytoma with multiple thromboembolic manifestations]. PMID- 3217387 TI - [Effect of the use of diformin in a patient with diabetes mellitus type I with hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 3217389 TI - [Sexual function in men with diabetes mellitus (lecture)]. PMID- 3217390 TI - [Interaction of androgen-receptor complexes in rat liver cytosol with cellular nuclei and DNA]. AB - A study was made of the ability of androgen-receptor complexes (ARC) of male rat liver cytosol to interact with hepatic cell nuclei and DNA in a model free-cell system and after administration of androgens to animals. In a free-cell system androgen receptors (AR) within a partially purified cytosol preparation were capable of binding strongly with hepatic cell nuclei and DNA of cellulose conjugated cow spleen. The administration of testosterone propionate for 3 days resulted in the redistribution of liver AR between cytoplasm and nuclei during testing 1 h after the last injection. The observed regularities were unrelated to changes in AR content caused by the regulatory effect of administered androgen. Similar changes in AR content in the studied subcellular fractions were revealed 1 h after single administration of R1881 but not testosterone propionate. The revealed regularities were indicative of a possibility of AR involvement in androgenic action on the liver at the nuclear level. PMID- 3217392 TI - [Endocrine mechanisms of the synchronization of the estrous cycle in sheep]. AB - Prostaglandin of the F2-alpha group (estrophan) led to a sharp decrease in serum progesterone concentration of 90-96% of Edibai female sheep eliminating the blocking hypothalamic center effect of the endogenous steroid hormone. The resultant conclusion was a possibility of artificial insemination of the above number of female sheep without finding out signs of wish in them. Their fertility from the first frontal insemination was not below 62-70%. PMID- 3217391 TI - [Level of glucocorticoid hormones in the early postnatal ontogenesis and circadian rhythms of endocrine-metabolic functions in adult rats]. AB - The disturbance of glucocorticoid balance in early postnatal ontogenesis (17-19 days) as a result of prednisolone administration was shown to lead to partial suppression of circadian adrenocortical activity in adult rats. Circadian rhythm of FFA in these groups of animals was undetectable and circadian acrophase of blood glucose concentration changes while diurnal urine periodicity remained unchanged. Diurnal rhythm of locomotor activity in prednisolone-pretreated tars was characterized by later onset of increasing its activity and shorter duration. PMID- 3217393 TI - [Reception of progesterone and its biological action in the uterus of neonatally androgenized rats]. AB - The relationship of the level of uterine progesterone receptors and plasma concentration of female sex steroids with the biological effect of progesterone (its effect on collagen content and the number of uterine endometrial glands) was studied in neonatally androgenized female rats aged 90-120 days. In these animals the level of progesterone receptors in the uterine cytosol fraction was raised, in the nuclear fraction it was lowered. Plasma concentration values of estradiol and progesterone in such animals did not differ from those of intact female rats. The ability of estradiol to induce the synthesis of uterine progesterone receptors was less noticeable in androgen sterile animals. The sensitivity of the uterus to progesterone in such animals was lowered either. Progesterone doses causing a significant decrease in the concentration of progesterone receptors in cytosol and in uterine tissue collagen content, proved to be ineffective for androgen sterile female rats. Disturbance of progesterone reception and a related decrease in the sensitivity of the uterus of androgen sterile animals to this hormone can be probably determined by an irreversible androgen effect on the target cell genome in the early neonatal period, not depending on the peculiarities of hormonal regulation in adult rats. PMID- 3217394 TI - [Ultrastructural characterization of organ cultures of adrenal glands of newborn pigs]. AB - Electron microscopic investigation of newborn pig adrenal organ cultures performed for determination of optimum time for xenotransplantation, has shown that the most viable and functional adrenocorticocytes preserving signs of zonal specificity are revealed on the 5th day of cultivation. Later on (the 15th-30th day) morphological changes indicate increasing dedifferentiation of most secretory cells, the capacity to corticosteroidogenesis (judging by the state of steroid-synthesizing organelles) in some adrenocorticocytes being preserved up to 25-30 days. Thus, the most suitable time for xenotransplantation of adrenal organ cultures is the 5th day. PMID- 3217395 TI - [Effect of long-term subcutaneous infusion of insulin using an attached drug dosing device on indices of hemocoagulation in type I diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3217396 TI - [Features of the response of the rat thyroid gland to melatonin in pinealectomized rats]. AB - The thyroid status of pinealectomized Wistar male rats was studied under basal conditions and after melatonin (M) administration to elucidate the role of the epiphysis in promoting antithyroid exogenous M influence. Activation of the hypophyseothyroid complex of pinealectomized rats with parallel development of adaptive changes in the system of peripheral transport and metabolism of thyroid hormones was established. The inhibiting effect of M with relation to thyroid function of rats with the intact epiphysis and its absence was revealed. The system of peripheral deiodination of thyroid hormones was found to become more sensitive to M action against a background of pinealectomy. It was shown that the inhibiting character of exogenous M action on thyroid function of rats was not mediated by their own epiphysis. PMID- 3217397 TI - [Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis risk groups in a polyclinic]. PMID- 3217398 TI - [Clinico-biochemical aspects of differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 3217399 TI - [Chemofluorometry in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3217400 TI - [Comparative informative value of endobronchial methods of biopsy in the diagnosis of silicotuberculosis]. PMID- 3217401 TI - [Pathology of respiration and blood circulation in patients with tuberculous spondylitis after surgical treatment]. PMID- 3217402 TI - [Immunological approaches to the prevention of suppurative postoperative complications in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3217403 TI - [Kynureninemia in patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease previously treated with antitubercular drugs]. PMID- 3217404 TI - [Diagnosis and evaluation of sarcoidosis by biopsy]. PMID- 3217405 TI - [Chronic nonspecific pleural empyema (histoimmunohistochemical study]. PMID- 3217406 TI - [Characteristics of the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3217407 TI - [Bronchial changes in chronic bronchitis in patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 3217408 TI - [Experience with mass screening of patients with tuberculosis and various risk groups]. PMID- 3217409 TI - [Increasing the effectiveness of preventive measures in the tuberculosis foci]. PMID- 3217410 TI - [Indications for surgical removal of calcified lymph nodes from the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 3217411 TI - [Spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication of lung cyst]. PMID- 3217412 TI - Reversal by caffeine of triazolam-induced impairment of waking function. AB - Twelve, healthy normal men aged 21-25 years received each of four treatments (triazolam placebo plus caffeine placebo, triazolam 0.50 mg plus caffeine placebo, triazolam 0.50 mg plus caffeine 4 mg/kg, triazolam 0.50 mg plus caffeine 8 mg/kg), double blind, in a Latin-Square design. Triazolam or placebo was administered at 0830 and caffeine or placebo at 1000 and 1245. On two memory tasks, administered at 1015 with an immediate recall and a delayed recall at 1230 following a 90 min nap (1030-1200), both immediate and delayed recall was impaired by triazolam. Neither caffeine dose reversed the impairments. Sleep latency and sleep efficiency were improved by triazolam and not reversed by caffeine. On a performance battery presented at 1300 most measures of performance were impaired by triazolam; in general the caffeine dose of 4 mg/kg partially reversed the effect while the dose of 8 mg/kg completely restored performance. PMID- 3217413 TI - Measures of memory and information processing in elderly volunteers. AB - A screening study was carried out in normal elderly volunteers to determine 1. their scores in measures of memory and information processing 2. how the measures correlate with sample characteristics 3. how the measures correlate with each other and with the EEG. We report here on 111 subjects, 56 women and 55 men aged 53-77 years (63.9 +/- 6.8) with average intelligence (Coloured Progressive Matrices CPM 26.7 +/- 5.1). In the C-normed measures of the word list from the Nuremberg Geriatric Inventory (NGI) our sample scored better than average (immediate recall of words C = 7.5, delayed recall of words C = 8.2; mean C = 5). The sample even attained ceiling scores in the test of recognition. The sample likewise had a better than average speed in a color-word test (CWT) of focused attention similar to the Stroop test (e.g., reading C = 7.5, color-naming C = 6.7, interference task C = 6.3) and in the ZVT trail-making test (C = 7.0). In contrast, speed-free focused attention was only average (C = 5.2 and C = 5.5). The following sample characteristics correlated with test measures of memory and information processing (p less than 0.01): age negatively with immediate recall, trail making, incidental episodic memory, focused attention, speed in the CWT; intelligence correlated positively with 10-min adding which relies on working memory (Pauli test) and immediate recall; education correlated positively with delayed recall, visual memory performance in a figures test, immediate recall, and reading speed in the CWT; occupation correlated positively with figures test performance; exercise of profession correlated positively with incidental episodic memory and immediate recall. Age and occupation correlated more with motor measures than with cognitive measures (pegboard, 1 min tapping at maximal speed). Sex had no bearing on memory characteristics, but did on tracking (men better) and color-naming performance in the CWT (women better). Of the semiluxuries, only regular alcohol consumption showed a relationship with the test measures (negatively with color-naming speed, immediate recall, and pegboard performance). Analysis of memory and information processing measures revealed no correlations (r greater than or equal to 0.40) between memory measures from the word list, Pauli test, figures test, and learning. Measures of the CWT correlated with Pauli test and pegboard. ZVT score was the variable with the most correlations (CWT, Pauli test, pegboard). A factor analysis with a reduced set of variables should further clarify the inner structure of our subject's performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3217414 TI - Clinical studies on therapeutic effects of IH764 eyedrops on corneal scars. PMID- 3217415 TI - Effect of tong mai ling and its potent component, IH764-3, on synthesis of collagen. PMID- 3217417 TI - The treatment of severe kyphoscoliosis above 100 degrees (analysis of 65 cases). PMID- 3217416 TI - The effect of huoxue huayu drugs on radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 3217418 TI - Studies of biosynthesis of collagen by bile ductular epithelium. PMID- 3217419 TI - Plain film and tomographic study of the sellar turcica in 50 cases of GH secreting pituitary adenoma. PMID- 3217420 TI - Establishment of transplantable rat fibrosarcoma and selection of a highly metastatic tumor cell line. PMID- 3217422 TI - Seed germinative fungus of Gastrodia elata Bl--Mycena osmundicola Lange. PMID- 3217421 TI - Changes in serum zinc and copper concentrations after thoracic operation. PMID- 3217423 TI - Lactovegetarian diet and dental health. PMID- 3217424 TI - Monoclonal antibody therapy. PMID- 3217425 TI - Therapy of autoimmune disease with monoclonal antibodies to class II gene products of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 3217427 TI - The studies of COUP transcription factor from HeLa cells: purification and partial characterization. AB - A transcription factor COUP, which is responsible for the recognition of the Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter sequence between -70 and -90, is required for efficient transcription of the ovalbumin gene. This COUP combination of conventional column and sequence specific DNA affinity column chromatography. A few polypeptides were identified in the purified preparation on an SDS-gel. Upon renaturation, all the major polypeptides in the molecular size range between 43 to 53 kD bound specifically to the COUP sequence. Furthermore, at least one of the renatured polypeptides in the region of 43-45 kD retained transcriptional activity. Using band-shifting assays and 3' and 5' deletion mutants and oligonucleotide mutants, the sequence important for binding was mapped. Methylation and ethylation interference assays revealed the contact sites for the purine base and the phosphate backbone. These studies indicate that the COUP transcription factor interacts with the base residue in the major groove and wraps around the DNA helix in one full turn. PMID- 3217428 TI - Mapping cis-DNA regulatory elements in seminal vesicle secretion genes, prostate C3(1) gene, and the mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat DNA. PMID- 3217430 TI - Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering. August 6-12, 1988, San Antonio, Texas. Abstracts. PMID- 3217429 TI - Effects of some metabolites of pyritinol (Encephabol) on ACH release from brain slices. AB - The K+ stimulated release of radioactively labelled ACH from cortical slices obtained from rats was increased by some pyridine derivatives that are metabolites of pyritinol. It appears that this effect is not mediated by an interaction with cholinergic receptors but may be related to the lipid solubility of the compounds. It is suggested that an effect of these metabolites on the membrane of nerve endings may be part of the mechanism by which pyritinol treatment increases ACH levels and release in old rats. PMID- 3217431 TI - Photochemical reactions of cytosine and 5-methylcytosine with methylamine and n butylamine. PMID- 3217433 TI - Impaired repair of UVC-induced DNA damage in L5178Y-R cells: sedimentation studies with the use of 5'-bromodeoxyuridine photolysis. PMID- 3217432 TI - Application of time-resolved fluorometry to the resolution of porphyrin photoproduct mixtures. PMID- 3217434 TI - Photoisomerization of retinoic acid and its photoprotection in physiologic-like solutions. PMID- 3217435 TI - The production of singlet molecular oxygen by zinc(II) phthalocyanine in ethanol and in unilamellar vesicles. Chemical quenching and phosphorescence studies. PMID- 3217436 TI - Reversible bleaching of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii rhodopsin in vivo. PMID- 3217437 TI - Porphyrin-liposome interactions: influence of the physico-chemical properties of the phospholipid bilayer. PMID- 3217438 TI - Photosensitization by antitumor agents--7. Correlation between anthracenedione photosensitized DNA damage, NADH oxidation and oxygen consumption following visible light illumination. PMID- 3217439 TI - Biological deactivation and single-strand breakage of plasmid DNA by photosensitization using tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and peroxydisulfate. PMID- 3217440 TI - Purine photoproducts. PMID- 3217441 TI - The relative biological importance of cyclobutane and (6-4) pyrimidine-pyrimidone dimer photoproducts in human cells: evidence from a xeroderma pigmentosum revertant. PMID- 3217442 TI - The relative cytotoxicity of (6-4) photoproducts and cyclobutane dimers in mammalian cells. PMID- 3217444 TI - Solar UVB-albedo of various surfaces. PMID- 3217443 TI - The effect of temperature and wavelength on production and photolysis of a UV induced photosensitive DNA lesion which is not repaired in xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells. PMID- 3217446 TI - Unity: where does it begin? PMID- 3217445 TI - Dependency of apparent relative quantum yield of isorhodopsin to rhodopsin on the photon density of picosecond laser pulse. PMID- 3217447 TI - Craniofacial anomalies in the neonate (continuing education credit) PMID- 3217448 TI - Bladder and bowel management of the spinal cord injured patient. PMID- 3217449 TI - Advances in thighplasty. PMID- 3217450 TI - Immediate breast reconstruction. PMID- 3217451 TI - Sterilization of the bone pencil. PMID- 3217453 TI - [A clinical study on schizophrenia in childhood]. PMID- 3217452 TI - [Two types of reversible residual condition following the acute phase of schizophrenia]. PMID- 3217454 TI - [Current situation of psychiatric day care at university and college hospitals in Japan]. PMID- 3217455 TI - Perinatal factors in the development of gender-related play behavior: sex hormones versus pregnancy complications. AB - This report addresses the question of biological factors that may contribute to the development of gender-typical and gender-atypical play behavior. In lower mammals, sex differences in juvenile behavior are to a considerable extent determined by organizational effects of prenatal or perinatal androgenic hormones. Birke and Sadler (1983) showed that not only perinatal androgens but also progestogens such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) affect (in this case: demasculinize) the play behavior of both sexes in the rat. Here, we report on a study of sex-dimorphic play behavior of children born from pregnancies that were treated with various sex hormones. The Child Game Participation Questionnaire (Bates and Bentler 1973) was administered to 13 boys and 15 girls prenatally exposed to MPA, 22 boys and 15 girls exposed to a variety of synthetic progestogens or estrogens singly or in combination, and to pair-matched control subjects, all between 8 and 14 years old. Pregnancy complications were assessed by two scores, 1) "Pregnancy Complications Summary Score (excluding bleeding)," 2) "Vaginal Bleeding During Pregnancy." The results of paired t-tests showed a number of hypomasculinization effects for the hormone-exposed groups. Controlling for the effects of pregnancy complications and age at study by exploratory hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that these variables did not account for the hormone-exposure effects. Our results provide further evidence that prenatal hormones influence the sex-dimorphic play behavior of human children in the same direction as that of other mammals. PMID- 3217456 TI - Birthweight, schizophrenia and ventricular enlargement in a high-risk sample. PMID- 3217458 TI - Assessment of therapeutic alliances in the psychiatric hospital milieu. AB - The authors developed scales to assess long-term hospital patients' collaboration in milieu treatment and their working relationships with various staff members. A factor analysis of patients' ratings of their collaboration in several areas of treatment yielded three dimensions: Goal Orientation, Involvement, and Use of Structure. While each dimension of collaboration correlated positively with working relationships and progress, Goal Orientation was the most substantial contributor. Patients' and staff members' perceptions of their working relationships corresponded to a statistically significant-but modest-degree. Only nurses' ratings of progress related significantly to patients' ratings. The authors highlight divergent perceptions of the treatment process, and advocate that different perspectives be openly discussed and clarified in the service of improved collaboration. PMID- 3217457 TI - Scales to assess the emphasis of psychiatric hospital treatment. AB - There are few studies of psychiatric hospital treatment that include measures of the treatment process. Perhaps the greatest neglect exists in the failure to collect from the clinicians their observations about the treatment interventions they most emphasize in each patient's treatment. The purpose of this paper is to report the development of a set of rating scales that call on hospital clinical staff to assess the relative prominence of various forms of interventions, namely, degree of restriction, vocational and avocational activities, therapeutic and community groups, medication, degree of supportive versus expressive emphasis and individual psychotherapy. We present a study of interrater reliability in a variety of hospital settings and results of a factor analysis of a portion of the scales. PMID- 3217459 TI - Comparing three systems for diagnosing narcissistic personality disorder. AB - Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) has been a widely used diagnostic entity. However, opinions about its descriptive validity differ considerably. Hitherto, three diagnostic systems have been developed, those by DSM-III, Akhtar and Thomson, and Kernberg. This paper compares these three systems with respect to concordance among diagnostic criteria, and conceptual themes around which the criteria cluster. The results indicate low concordance among the specific criteria used in these systems but a consensus about the conceptual themes describing self-experience, interpersonal relations and other aspects of NPD. This suggests that NPD is comprised of some core characteristics. However, a reconceptualization of the understanding of NPD must precede further empirical investigations. PMID- 3217460 TI - Psychological well-being among converts in traditional and nontraditional religious groups. AB - This study evaluated the psychological well-being of converts to religious groups foreign to Western culture in comparison to that of converts to mainstream religious groups. The subjects were 40 religious converts, members of four groups: Hare Krishna, Bahai, Jewish and Catholic. The results suggest a sudden upsurge of turmoil often triggered by a specific stressor as a more frequent antecedent to conversion among Jewish and Catholic subjects and a picture of chronic character difficulties as more frequent among the others. PMID- 3217461 TI - Behavioral indications for serotonin receptor hypersensitivity in panic disorder. AB - Immediate placebo-corrected behavioral responses to m-chlorophenylpiperazine (MCPP), a selective serotonin agonist, are reported in 11 normal controls, 10 patients with panic disorder, and 10 patients with major depression. Whereas the normal and depressed groups showed no noteworthy behavioral response, panic disorder patients became more anxious, depressed, and hostile, and 60% had panic attacks. These data suggest a hypersensitive postsynaptic serotonin receptor system in some panic disorder patients. PMID- 3217462 TI - Arterial epinephrine levels in panic disorder. PMID- 3217463 TI - EEG sleep, lithium transport, dexamethasone suppression, and monoamine oxidase activity in borderline personality disorder. AB - Twenty-one patients who met DSM-III criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) and also scored at least 7 on the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) were assessed on four biological markers: electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep, in vitro lithium ratio, platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO), and dexamethasone suppression test (DST). REM latency averaged 58.66 (SD 14.39); platelet MAO averaged 21.74 (SD 10.33); and lithium ratio was 0.357 (SD 0.139) in the BPD patients. All of those values were significantly abnormal. Many patients had abnormalities on three or four measures. These patients in general had multiple Axis I diagnoses from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), and these Axis I diagnoses tended to produce patient clusters. Patients with a DIS diagnosis of schizophrenia, mania, hypomania, or schizoaffective mania had elevated lithium, low MAO, and normal EEG sleep, while those patients with coexisting major depression tended to have short rapid eye movement (REM) latency, high REM density, and normal MAO and lithium ratio. Only two patients were nonsuppressors on the DST, confirming recent reports of normal DST results in personality disorders. PMID- 3217464 TI - Dichotic listening asymmetries and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia: a preliminary report. AB - Schizophrenic subjects were compared with both psychiatric control and normal control groups on two verbal measures of functional hemispheric asymmetry on a dichotic listening task. One measure of language perception showed little variation in ear differences across groups. However, the task that contained both attentional and language-processing components showed variations in asymmetry according to symptomatology. Subjects with high scores on scales of hallucinations and delusions showed a pattern of ear differences that was not found in those with low scores on these symptom dimensions. The results may reflect cognitive factors in a dysfunctional information-processing system and, in particular, attentional disturbance rather than anomalies in the lateralization of language. PMID- 3217465 TI - Lactate provocation of panic attacks in depressed outpatients. AB - Forty-seven nonmelancholic depressed outpatients were infused with sodium lactate to explore the relationship between history of panic attacks and lactate-induced panic. Lactate panic was rated without knowledge of history of panic. Fifteen of 29 patients (52%) with a history of spontaneous panic experienced panic attacks in response to lactate. Only 1 of 18 patients (6%) without a history of spontaneous panic experienced a lactate-induced panic attack--a highly significant difference. The likelihood of lactate panic was related to frequency of spontaneous panic attacks. The implications of these findings for understanding the relationship of panic attacks and depression are discussed. PMID- 3217466 TI - P3 in alcoholics with disordered regulation of aggression. AB - Alcoholics have been found to show deficits in the P3 component of event-related potentials obtained using information-processing paradigms. However, alcoholic patients form a heterogeneous population. In a study of P3 voltages in subgroups of alcoholics with disorders in mood and aggression control, we observed significant decrements in these voltages in patients with lifelong histories of aggressive behavior. Patients with histories of incarceration for crimes involving physical violence had the lowest P3 amplitudes. The same patients also had a rate of paternal alcoholism significantly higher than that observed in the rest of the population. They could thus be classified as type 2 alcoholics, as a tendency to antisocial behavior and a high genetic loading for alcoholism have been described in this alcoholic subtype. These data could indicate that decrements in P3 amplitude characterize a subgroup of alcoholics with a disordered regulation of aggression. Alternatively, P3 deficits could be associated with some psychopathological conditions in individuals who abuse alcohol rather than with alcoholism, per se. PMID- 3217467 TI - Objective and subjective side effects of research lumbar punctures in children and adolescents. AB - Lumbar punctures are a common clinical procedure in pediatric populations, yet little systematic information about side effects or the child's perspective of the procedure is available. In a subset (n = 20) of a sample of children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders, we recorded children's ratings of research lumbar puncture in comparison to other hospital experiences of blood sampling, electroencephalography, and going to school. Lumbar puncture did not differ from the other procedures in terms of preference. (School attendance was the last choice of 50% of our patients.) Postlumbar puncture headache occurred in 13 of 60 (22%) patients (age 6.5-19.8 years). Adults may overestimate the relative noxiousness of lumbar punctures in children. PMID- 3217468 TI - Tonic arousal and activity: relationships to personality and personality disorder traits in panic patients. AB - Personality theorists have long predicted a relationship between personality traits and autonomic activation. In this study, 48 patients with panic disorder underwent personality assessment by questionnaire (Eysenck Personality Inventory: 48 patients) and by interview (Personality Disorders Examination: 35 patients). Ambulatory heart rate and activity were measured by the Vitalog method and were used as measures of activation and autonomic arousal. There was a significant positive correlation between histrionic traits and activity level and a significant negative correlation between sociability and heart rate. The findings are consistent with previous studies showing a negative relationship between sensation-seeking personality traits and cerebrospinal fluid levels of norepinephrine and a positive relationship between extroversion and cerebrospinal fluid levels of dopamine. PMID- 3217469 TI - 19F magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of a fluorinated neuroleptic ligand: in vivo and in vitro studies. AB - The bulk biodistribution of a trifluorinated neuroleptic (fluphenazine) was studied using 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with fluphenazine (120 mg/kg) and scanned in a G.E. CSI 2.0 tesla MRI system. The rats were killed following scanning and the brains were removed. The excised brains were then scanned using 1H and 19F MR techniques. The fluorinated neuroleptic was imaged at the injection site, spectroscopically detected in vivo in the head, and spectroscopically localized in the whole brain. These data suggest that in vivo 19F MRI of fluorinated agents is possible and could have clinical and research applications to the neurosciences. PMID- 3217471 TI - Auditory evoked potentials and total sleep deprivation in depressed patients. AB - Cortical auditory evoked potentials (latencies N1 and P2, N1-P2 amplitude, and amplitude/stimulus intensity function) were studied before and after 1 night's total sleep deprivation in 20 drug-free depressed inpatients. Responders to sleep deprivation showed an augmenting pattern on the non-dominant hemisphere and a reducing pattern on the dominant hemisphere. The interhemispheric difference in auditory cortex was also apparent in the group of patients who failed to respond to sleep deprivation, but with values pointing in the opposite direction. The augmenting pattern shown by responders in the nondominant hemisphere may be a predictor of therapeutic response to sleep deprivation and to subsequent treatment with drugs influencing serotonergic pathways. PMID- 3217470 TI - Profiles of the antipanic compounds, triazolobenzodiazepines and phenelzine, in two animal tests of anxiety. AB - Two animal tests of anxiety (the elevated plus-maze and the social interaction test) were used to investigate the effects of several antipanic agents. In the elevated plus-maze, the triazolobenzodiazepines adinazolam (2 and 5 mg/kg) and alprazolam (1 mg/kg), tested after 5 days of pretreatment, demonstrated significant anxiolytic effects, while phenelzine (9 mg/kg), after 21 days of pretreatment, demonstrated nonsignificant anxiolytic effects. In the social interaction test, the triazolobenzodiazepines generally did not produce an anxiolytic profile, and phenelzine even revealed significant anxiogenic activity. The antipanic agents therefore distinguish between the two tests of anxiety. The lack of a strong anxiolytic profile with these agents in both tests lends support to the distinction between generalized anxiety and panic disorder. PMID- 3217472 TI - Interactions between area and numerosity. PMID- 3217473 TI - Complexity and goodness of dot patterns varying in symmetry. PMID- 3217475 TI - "Anchor-range" results with "same" and "different" responses and similar and dissimilar stimuli. PMID- 3217474 TI - The height of a stereokinetic cone: a quantitative determination of a 3-D effect from 2-D moving patterns without a "rigidity assumption". PMID- 3217476 TI - An experimental study of the asymmetry effect in the method of constant stimuli. PMID- 3217477 TI - The acquisition of spatial knowledge under conditions of temporospatial discontinuity. PMID- 3217478 TI - Misinformation and unexpected change: testing the development of epistemic-state attribution. PMID- 3217479 TI - [Emotional stresses and cognitive processes in patients with neurodermatitis]. PMID- 3217481 TI - [Preoperative coping processes in hysterectomy patients]. PMID- 3217480 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis: reconstruction of the body image exemplified by psychoanalytic therapy]. PMID- 3217482 TI - [How relatives of insulin-dependent diabetic patients experience participation in self-help groups]. PMID- 3217483 TI - The identification of local priority areas for health promotion using epidemiological mapping. PMID- 3217484 TI - Measles, mumps and rubella: present and future immunisation policy. PMID- 3217485 TI - HBsAg carriers among pregnant women in Italy: results from the screening during a vaccination campaign against hepatitis B. PMID- 3217486 TI - 'Springtime in Ayrshire': home weighing of neonates with a new direct recording scale. PMID- 3217487 TI - Analysis of questionnaire on resources available for health service investigation to service community physicians. PMID- 3217488 TI - Improvement of maternity and child health services in rural Bangladesh: an experimental project. PMID- 3217489 TI - The Cardiff Health Survey. The relationship between smoking habits and beliefs in the elderly. PMID- 3217490 TI - Alcohol problems at work: a new approach? PMID- 3217491 TI - Eye morbidity among welders in Benin City, Nigeria. PMID- 3217492 TI - Nursing 2000--who will be in charge? PMID- 3217493 TI - [Autologous tooth transplantation - principles and follow-up results]. PMID- 3217494 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of cracked tooth syndrome]. PMID- 3217495 TI - [Application of facebow in Gnathomat articulator in treatment of tooth abrasion]. PMID- 3217496 TI - [Strength properties of impression materials]. PMID- 3217497 TI - [New elements supportive double plate]. PMID- 3217498 TI - [Hygiene status and control as measures of prophylaxis and periodontal disease]. PMID- 3217499 TI - [Endocrine caused head and facial pain]. PMID- 3217500 TI - [Orofacial manifestations of progressive systemic scleroderma (PSS) and its effect on the stomatognathic system]. PMID- 3217501 TI - [Amalgam manipulation]. PMID- 3217502 TI - [Modified Farrar splint]. PMID- 3217503 TI - [Suitability of the Reinhardt/Reinhardt classification for judgement of function of orofacial systems]. PMID- 3217504 TI - [Use of antibiotics in periodontal problem cases for prevention of bacteremia and prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 3217505 TI - [State of development of dental filling materials (I)]. PMID- 3217506 TI - [Surgical repositioning of single teeth]. PMID- 3217507 TI - [General similarities and differences in the postradiation death of various animal species and of man]. AB - It was found in various animal species and man that an ordered internucleosome fragmentation of DNA is characteristic of lymphoid cells dying in the interphase. Both in vivo and in vitro, the postirradiation DNA degradation in thymocytes of rodents and piglets preceded the increase in the permeability of their plasma membrane. The in vivo kinetics of death of lymphoid cells from the thymus and spleen is similar in rodents and piglets. Rat thymocytes died in vitro earlier than thymocytes of piglets, calves and man which was evidently associated with a worse adaptive capacity of the latter to cultivation conditions. PMID- 3217508 TI - [The spectra of de novo synthesized proteins in the early stages of radiation death of lymphocytes in the rat thymus]. AB - A comparative study was made of the spectrum of thymus cell proteins in the control and gamma-irradiated rats. It was shown that early after irradiation a group of proteins appeared in rat thymus cells which had not been traced, or detected in much lower amounts, in intact cells. Part of those polypeptides were referred to general stressor proteins, the other were specific for the effect of ionizing radiation. The spectrum of de novo synthesized enzymes changed with time after irradiation. Some of the proteins were found to induce chromatin degradation in the control cells and, presumably, to be involved in the implementation of the programmed cell death. PMID- 3217509 TI - [Frequency of structural chromosome aberrations in the hepatocytes of rats exposed to polymeric 239Pu]. AB - Intravenous injection of polymeric 239Pu(IV) nitrate (166.5, 55.5 and 18.5 kBq/kg body mass) to Wistar rats was shown to produce biphase changes in the frequency of hepatocyte chromosome aberrations. The increase in the structural damages to chromosomes at later times of observation was a pronounced function of radiation dose. The absence of such a dependence at early times was evidently due to the elimination of damaged liver parenchyma cells. PMID- 3217510 TI - [Early changes in the biosynthesis of proteins in the thymocytes of mice following exposure to lympholytic agents]. AB - The method of two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to study protein biosynthesis in cytoplasm, nuclei and nuclear matrix of mouse thymocytes 15-75 min after exposure to ionizing radiation and hydrocortisone. Irradiation was shown to inhibit some cytoplasm proteins and to induce synthesis of a few polypeptides within the total nuclear proteins and nuclear matrix. Hydrocortisone promotes synthesis of some new proteins in all the fractions leading to the formation of new polypeptides. At least one common peptide is found within the total nuclear proteins and nuclear matrix after the effect of both factors. PMID- 3217512 TI - [Effect of the conditions of preparing erythrocyte ghosts on their radiosensitivity]. AB - Conditions are chosen in which radiosensitive and radioresistant erythrocyte ghost preparations could be obtained: this may be valuable in studying mechanisms of the distinctions observed. PMID- 3217511 TI - [State of the antioxidative activity of erythrocyte membranes in rats exposed to x-rays after administration of alpha-tocopherol acetate]. AB - Injection of alpha-tocopherol acetate to albino mongrel rats potentiates antioxidant activity (AOA) that involves water-soluble factors of the antioxidant system in erythrocyte membranes. The activation of AOA by alpha-tocopherol takes place immediately after irradiation and drug injection and persists during the first 24 h following irradiation. PMID- 3217513 TI - [Stimulating effect of very low doses of chronic gamma irradiation on the development of chick embryos]. AB - A study was made of the influence of chronic gamma-irradiation, with very low doses, of chick embryos during incubation on the dynamics of changes in the parameters characterizing the proliferative activity of cells. The original method is proposed for the analysis of these parameters and the results obtained by this method are discussed. PMID- 3217514 TI - [Characteristics of the development of interphase death of hematopoietic tissue in dogs in response to gamma irradiation]. AB - In experiments with 2-3 week dogs it was shown that whole-body gamma-irradiation with a dose of 3 Gy causes an insignificant absolute rise in the amount of degrading chromatin of the haemopoietic organs during the first 24 h following irradiation. After 48 h, this cell death parameter is normalized. A considerably lower radiosensitivity of lymphoid cells of dogs compared to small laboratory animals is indicated by a stable DNA content per 1 g of thymus, intactness of its structure after irradiation, and the absence of an increase in thymidine content of blood of young and adult dogs under the effect of 3-3.7 Gy radiation. PMID- 3217515 TI - [The equivalent dose as a dosimetric criterion for acute radiation injury by radiations of various quality. The generalized equivalent dose]. AB - Using different quality coefficients as functions of LET, generalized equivalent doses were calculated, and the survival of dogs after gamma/neutron irradiation was determined using the concept of an equivalent dose. LET functions of the generalized quality coefficients providing a good agreement between theoretical and experimental results were chosen. Various functions of the generalized quality coefficients for different ingredients of bone-marrow haemopoiesis activity should be used to estimate the severity of radiation injury to red bone marrow. PMID- 3217517 TI - [The equivalent dose as a dosimetric criterion of acute radiation injury by radiations of various quality. Energy dependence of generalized coefficients of the quality of neutrons]. AB - The notion of "a generalized equivalent dose" was introduced in order to use an equivalent dose as a dosimetric criterion for the estimation of acute exposure to densely ionizing radiation. The generalized quality coefficients that were used to quantify a generalized equivalent dose depended on LET, and with gamma/neutron radiation, on neutron energy. Several possible LET functions of the generalized quality coefficients were chosen and mean quality coefficients were transformed, depending on neutron energy, and estimated for actual neutron energy distributions, used in radiobiological experiments, with due regard for the alteration in the neutron spectrum with the body depth. PMID- 3217516 TI - [Dosimetric criteria for the intestinal form of acute radiation injury in man. An empirical model]. AB - On the basis of the results of radiobiological studies on acute nonuniform irradiation of the animal's abdomen a dose dependence has been found for the duration of the injury to barrier properties of the small intestine epithelium, T(D). With relative coordinates x = D/LD50 and y = T (D)/T(LD50), this dependence may be represented by a single function for various animal species. PMID- 3217518 TI - [Effect of low-level chronic x-rays on the hemolytic stability and population composition of peripheral blood erythrocytes]. AB - A study was made of the haemolytic stability and population composition of peripheral blood erythrocytes of rats chronically exposed to X-radiation of 0.258 mC/kg/day during 30 days. Haemolytic stability of erythrocytes changed at cumulative doses of 2.58, 5.16 and 7.74 mC/kg. Percentage of some erythrocyte fractions obtained by fractionation in a sucrose density gradient was found to change after irradiation with cumulative doses of 5.16 and 7.74 mC/kg. PMID- 3217519 TI - [Dynamics of changes in the cellularity of the vascular endothelium in the brain of rats following local irradiation]. AB - Dynamics of changes in endothelium cellularity of rat brain vessels was studied during 12 months following local irradiation with a dose of 25 Gy that approximated the therapeutic one by its efficacy. A 15 per cent decrease in the endothelium cellularity was registered 24 h after irradiation followed by a slow 40 per cent depletion of the population at a constant rate up to the 6th month. By month 10 the cellularity was restored and after 12 months it dropped again drastically. PMID- 3217521 TI - [Standardization of laser radiation in the far infrared range]. AB - In experiments with male rabbits the biomicroscopic method was used to study cornea affected by diffuse-reflected radiation with 10.6 microns wave length of different energy exposure. A permissible radiation limit was determined. PMID- 3217520 TI - [Relative biological effectiveness of tritium oxide based on DNA destruction and thymus depletion in rats]. AB - As estimated by DNA destruction and thymus depletion for 21 days of observation, relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of tritium oxide (RBE HTO), as compared to gamma-quanta (137Cs), was 3.1 +/- 0.2 and 3.1 +/- 0.3, respectively. On days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 RBE HTO, for the same indices at minimum radiation doses, was about 6-2. As determined by T1/2 period of double-stranded DNA diminution and thymus cell depletion RBE HTO was 5.5 +/- 0.4. PMID- 3217523 TI - [Absorption of 249Bk from the gastrointestinal tract of rats]. AB - In experiments with albino mongrel female rats a study was made of the absorption of 249Bk from the gastrointestinal tract after a single per os administration. The bulk of 249Bk (96 per cent) administered either intravenously or per os was mainly deposited in the skeleton and liver. The value of 249Bk absorption from the gastrointestinal tract by days 4 and 8 following administration was 0.05 per cent. PMID- 3217522 TI - [Determination of americium-241 in urine]. AB - A technique has been developed for the determination of americium 241 in urine by a radiochemical purification of the nuclide from uranium (upon co-precipitation of americium 241 with calcium and lanthanum), plutonium, thorium, and polonium 210 (upon co-precipitation of these radionuclides with zirconium iodate). alpha Radioactivity was measured either in a thick layer of the americium 241 precipitate with a nonisotope carrier or in thin-layer preparations after electrolytic precipitation of americium 241 on a cathode. PMID- 3217524 TI - [Disorders of hematopoiesis induced by plutonium-239 dioxide]. AB - A large-dispersed plutonium 239 dioxide intravenously administered to rats in doses of 92.5, 46.3, 23.2 kBq/kg of body mass was shown to impair haemopoiesis which was manifested by a more profound injury to erythropoiesis, a stable increase in the number of bone marrow lymphocytes, a remote development of lymph node hypoplasia, and reduction of functional neutrophil and lymphocyte pools. PMID- 3217526 TI - Vestibulospinal control of posture and locomotion. PMID- 3217525 TI - [Structure of a model of the metabolism of alkaline earth elements]. AB - A new pattern of alkaline earth metal metabolism is proposed for mammals with the developed bone system. It is based on the current concepts of the structure and function of bone tissue in the organism. PMID- 3217528 TI - Mechanisms of vestibular compensation in the unilateral labyrinthectomized cat. PMID- 3217527 TI - Head-trunk movement coordination in the standing posture. PMID- 3217529 TI - Physical exercise and balance compensation after total ablation of vestibular organs. PMID- 3217530 TI - Unit responses to bidirectional off-vertical axes rotations in central vestibular and cerebellar fastigial nuclei. PMID- 3217531 TI - Pain modulation. Papers from a conference. Beaune, France, July, 1987. PMID- 3217532 TI - Paradoxical effects of low doses of naloxone in experimental models of inflammatory pain. PMID- 3217533 TI - Neuronal effects of controlled superfusion of the spinal cord with monoaminergic receptor antagonists in the cat. PMID- 3217534 TI - Immunostimulation with peptidoglycan or its synthetic derivatives. PMID- 3217535 TI - [Moments change more than time. The psychoanalytic interview as the initial impression of therapist and dialog partner]. PMID- 3217536 TI - [Self dialog in self pity]. PMID- 3217537 TI - [Psychological significance of saying goodbye]. PMID- 3217538 TI - [Guilt and atonement in the age of "free" sexuality: the case of AIDS]. PMID- 3217539 TI - Orbital and conjunctival lymphoma treatment and prognosis. AB - 115 patients with lymphoid tumours presenting in the orbit were seen between 1970 and 1984. The histological types were high-grade malignant lymphoma--18, low grade malignant lymphoma--43, and indeterminate lymphocytic lesions--54. Eighteen patients were found to have disseminated lymphoma at presentation. The majority of the patients received radiotherapy to the orbit; local control was achieved in all cases and the ocular morbidity from radiotherapy was low with 11 patients developing lens opacities and 5 a dry eye. Survival of patients with stage I low grade lymphoma and indeterminate lymphocytic lesions was similar to that of a normal population of the same age distribution. The clinic features and dissemination pattern of the low-grade malignant lymphomata and the indeterminate lymphocytic lesions were identical, suggesting that most, if not all, lymphoid masses presenting in the orbit are neoplastic rather than reactive in nature. PMID- 3217540 TI - CT scanning in intracavitary therapy: unexpected findings in "straightforward" insertions. AB - Since 1980, pelvic CT scanning has been performed in 40% of patients who underwent afterloading intracavitary treatment for carcinoma of the cervix. The unexpected findings of uterine perforation are reported in 3% of these patients and the consequences are discussed. PMID- 3217541 TI - Results of treatment of uterine cervix cancer by radiotherapy. AB - The results of treatment of uterine cervix cancer by radiotherapy alone in 259 patients in the period January 1973 to December 1984 are reported. They are analyzed according to patients age, stage, tumor volume, extent of parametrial infiltration, hydronephrosis and nodal status. It is shown that age, tumor volume, extent of parametrial invasion and nodal metastases are the main prognostic factors. Analysis of pelvic failures shows that external radiotherapy followed by curietherapy seems to be the best method for patients with T2b and T3b tumors of small volume (less than 60 mm in diameter), particularly when parametrial infiltration is limited. Patients with T2b tumors of large volume (barrel shaped) seem to need a more aggressive approach, and a higher number of complications are therefore expected. Patients with T3b and massive parametrial infiltration, with T4 and nodal metastases need new and different approaches, possibly including adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 3217542 TI - Radical radiotherapy alone in non-operable breast cancer: the major impact of tumor size and histological grade on prognosis. AB - This retrospective study involved 319 non-operable breast cancer patients treated by radiotherapy alone with doses of 65 Gy at the Institut Gustave-Roussy (IGR). These patients either had operable tumors but were unfit for general anesthesia or had inoperable tumors due to local contraindications. Most of them had advanced tumors: 21% less than 7 cm; 30% N2 or N3; 30% with inflammatory carcinomas. The 5- and 10-year survival was 40 and 19%, respectively. The local and distant relapse-free rate was 56 and 33% at 5 years and 44 and 28% at 10 years respectively. Results were analyzed according to tumor size, clinical node involvement, histologic grade, age, skin invasion and tumor dose. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size (p = 10(-3)) and histological grade (HG) (p = 10(-2)) were both significant factors predicting local relapse. Histological grade (p = 10(-3)), tumor size (p = 10(-2)) and clinical node involvement (p = 10(-2)) were the most significant factors predicting distant relapses. An individual risk (IR) of local recurrence and of distant recurrence was defined according to the above factors and was demonstrated to be good prognostic index. Tumor doses above 80 Gy did not increase local control. We recommend the general use of histological grading as it seems important for prediction of local and distant control in patients treated by radiotherapy alone. PMID- 3217543 TI - Comparison between predicted and actual dose distribution in interstitial therapy of the oral cavity. AB - During the period 1985-1986, 10 patients with lesions of the floor of the mouth or of the mobile part of the tongue were treated by interstitial curietherapie with iridium-192. In the patients treated with the looping technique essential differences were found between the predicted source configuration and that actually achieved, resulting in a disagreement between precalculated and actual dose distribution. To avoid this undesirable situation, a simple oral cavity applicator was constructed which guarantees parallelism and equidistance between the implanted needles. It was found that the use of this applicator resulted in an almost complete agreement between forecast and actual dose distribution. PMID- 3217544 TI - A new model of proliferative response to fractionated irradiation. PMID- 3217546 TI - [Cancer of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 3217545 TI - Terminology of clinical combined radiotherapy-chemotherapy. PMID- 3217547 TI - [Characteristics of pain in diabetics with acute myocardial infarct. Importance of autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy]. PMID- 3217548 TI - [Short-term course of Graves-Basedow disease treated with I131. Prevalence of transient hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3217549 TI - [Juvenile coronary attack]. PMID- 3217550 TI - [Benign pleural effusions in cancer patients. Frequency and etiopathogenic mechanism in a series of autopsy cases]. PMID- 3217551 TI - [Fever and adenopathy in a patient with myeloma]. PMID- 3217552 TI - [Hemorrheology, diabetes mellitus and intermittent claudication]. PMID- 3217554 TI - [Alternative assistance in geriatrics]. PMID- 3217553 TI - [Admission to nursing homes: alternative to hospitalization for the aged]. PMID- 3217555 TI - [Desensitization to sulfamide in a patient with AIDS and cerebral toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3217556 TI - [Interlobar invasion as a sign of endobronchial hamartoma]. PMID- 3217557 TI - [Spontaneous splenic rupture with hemothorax without hemoperitoneum. Description of a case of angiosarcoma of the spleen]. PMID- 3217558 TI - [Cattle Dermatophilus congolensis dermatophilosis in the French West Indies. I. Characteristics of the lesions and serologic response]. PMID- 3217559 TI - Immunity to experimental dermatophilosis in rabbits and cattle following immunisation with a live whole cell vaccine. PMID- 3217560 TI - [Paratuberculosis. Diagnosis of the first case in an imported cattle in Senegal]. PMID- 3217561 TI - [Isolation of Mycoplasma capricolum from bull semen]. PMID- 3217562 TI - [Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolese Broden, 1904 (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) in epithelial cells of the anterior segment of the midgut of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, 1850 (Diptera, Glossinidae)]. PMID- 3217563 TI - Effects of severity and duration of infections on oocyst size of Eimeria necatrix, a coccidium of chicken. PMID- 3217564 TI - [Digestive parasitism in traditional cattle breeding systems in Guadeloupe. I. A global survey]. PMID- 3217565 TI - [Role of nitroxynil in the integrated control of Fasciola gigantica fasciliasis in cattle in Madagascar]. PMID- 3217566 TI - [Comparison of the attractive power of Zebu and Baoule cattle for Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850 and Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead, 1910 in Sudano-Guinean savanna, Burkina Faso]. PMID- 3217567 TI - [The use of large morbidity data bases in the evaluation of health services]. AB - The major developments of recent years in computer sciences have led to the creation of large morbidity data bases. Although these data sets are not compiled expressly for research, they serve researchers if certain precautions are taken. These concern definition of the study population, unit of analysis, record linkage and both reliability and validity of the data. PMID- 3217568 TI - [Research on teratogenic risks using a register of congenital malformations]. AB - Etiologic research in the field of congenital malformations, besides specific difficulties, meets the usual methodologic problems in the study of uncommon phenomena. In this situation, registries may be valuable tools due to their specific way of functioning. They appear optimal for an urgent evaluation of an environmental risk. Due to the material available, they are also efficient for analytic research, especially in the frame of international collaboration. This etiological approach, which is not the primary aim of registries of congenital malformations, seems indeed a supplementary contribution to take into account in a cost/benefit evaluation of the epidemiological instrument. PMID- 3217569 TI - [Determination of the risk of a 2d cancer in patients treated for a first cancer]. AB - A paradoxical effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer is that some of these treatments can themselves cause new cancers. Most epidemiologic methods can be applied successfully to the investigation of this problem and this paper reviews various approaches that have already been used by various researchers. The authors first review the more traditional methods, i.e., cohort and case control studies and they then describe designs that have been proposed more recently, such as case-cohort studies. A distinction is established between internal comparisons, carried out within the study population, and external comparisons, in which a general population external to the population under study is used as the reference category. This presentation is mainly aimed at investigators using tumor registry data. However, the general principles formulated here are easily generalized to contexts other than that of registries. PMID- 3217570 TI - [A case-control study of melanoma of the skin in the province of Torino, Italy]. AB - A population based case-control study was conducted in the province of Torino (Northern Italy) where internal migration produced a population with mixed ethnicity and lifestyles. Two hundred and eight cases of histologically confirmed cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and four hundred and sixteen controls were interviewed. Our results gave evidence to the role of skin reaction to the sun (OR 5.0 in men and 2.2 in women) as an indicator of a group at risk. The increased risk of intense and occasional sun exposure as can be inferred from sun exposure during holidays and outdoor sports, has been confirmed (OR 4.1 in men and 2.7 in women). Ethnic differences did not play an important role in our population, women who used oral contraceptives also did not show an increased risk. PMID- 3217571 TI - [The MONICA project. A WHO research project in cardiovascular diseases]. AB - The MONICA Project is an international research program coordinated by WHO. It aims at studying the relationships of simultaneous temporal variations during a 10-year period a) of a morbidity index (acute myocardial infarction) and of the risk factors levels and b) of mortality indexes (lethality of acute infarction and coronary mortality) and of the medical care level. The study of the relationships will take into account the temporal variations measured in the numerous centers participating in the Project. It uses the methodology of registers completed by population studies and studies among patient cohorts. The whole methodology is standardized by a permanent quality control. A French participation (MONICA-France Project) includes 3 registers (Bas-Rhin, Haute Garonne, Lille) with a national coordination and an autonomous analysis. The MONICA Project must provide public health information and should suggest hypotheses, but it must also be a "tool for research". PMID- 3217572 TI - [Myocardial infarction in 3 French regions: comparison of incidence and mortality in 1985]. AB - In 1985, the age-standardized (25-64) attack rate (per 100,000) for myocardial infarction, among men was 240 in the Bas-Rhin, 219 in the Haute-Garonne and 231 in the urban community of Lille and among women, respectively, 58, 28 and 51. The mortality rate for men (per 100,000) was 66 (Bas-Rhin), 57 (Haute-Garonne), 69 (Lille) and among women 18, 7 and 14. Among women, these differences are significant. A regional significant difference appears among men when cases with insufficient data are included. The sex ratio (men/women) was higher in the Haute Garonne. 38% of death cases occurred within one hour, 76% within one day, and 89% in the first week after the first symptoms. The case fatality rate at 28 days does not differ significantly between the three registries (from 26% to 30%). The highest case fatality rates were observed in patients aged 25-34 and 55-64. The frequency of previous history of cardiovascular disease and the management of the cases were not different between regions. Diagnostic criteria problems are discussed. PMID- 3217573 TI - [Cardiovascular risk factors in the population of 2 regions covered by the MONICA France regions: Strasbourg and Toulouse]. AB - Cardiovascular risk factors were studied from 1985 to 1987 in two population samples from the French regions of the Bas-Rhin (BR) (Strasbourg) and the Haute Garonne (HG) (Toulouse). 1,257 men and women in the BR and 1,323 in the HG, aged 35-64, participated in the survey. A common investigation methodology in harmony with the MONICA protocol, was used. The mean weight was higher among the male (5 kg) and female (6 kg) populations living in the BR than in the HG. Even after age, body mass index and tobacco consumption adjustments, arterial systolic blood pressure was higher in the male population of the BR (145 mm Hg) than in the HG (133 mm Hg). Similar differences were observed among the female population. A higher proportion of hypertensive subjects whatever the sex and the age group was noted in the BR. The proportion of smokers, and the quantity of tobacco they smoked, did not differ between the two centers. Adjusted total cholesterolemia was higher in the HG, with mean differences of 0.32 mmol/l among the men and 0.35 mmol/l among the women. In the case of HDL cholesterol, the differences were 0.23 mmol/l among the men and 0.34 mmol/l among the women, explaining in large part the differences of the mean levels of total cholesterol. PMID- 3217574 TI - [Evaluation of the status of access to emergency care of subjects with myocardial infarction]. AB - This study, undertaken in the Bas-Rhin area of France by the MONICA Register, presents the evaluation of the procedures followed for 323 subjects under 65 years old suffering from an acute myocardial infarction and subsequently hospitalized for this reason. We observe that 87.5% of the patients first consult a private practitioner -- for the most part a non specialist -- while 9% first contact a mobile coronary unit. 3.5% of patients go directly to hospital. Concerning delays in hospitalization, 35% of patients more than 6 hours to consult a doctor, while the median time between the onset of symptoms and the first call for medical aid is 2 hours. The median delay between the onset of symptoms and arrival at hospital is 5hrs 45 min., 28% of the subjects requiring more than 24 hours to be hospitalized. PMID- 3217576 TI - [Morbidity registries of animal diseases: development, examples, trends]. AB - The earliest registries of animal morbidity were established at the end of the nineteenth century and concerned contagious diseases. In the 1970s, the development of modern managerial methods on stock farms implied more systematized collection of statistics on clinical disorders. Since breeders are the principal observers of diseases, and because such sources of information as hospitals do not exist for animals, morbidity analysis must be based on surveys especially constructed and relying upon the participation of volunteers. We have cited here the example of ecopathological surveys based on volunteer stock farms and conducted in France at the level of cattle herds. The future of animal pathology registries should be based upon procedures using randomly selected samples, as in the system recently established in France by the Agronomic Research and Statistical Services of the Ministry of Agriculture. PMID- 3217575 TI - [Incidence of cerebrovascular accidents in a medium-sized French town]. AB - Beginning in 1985, the Dijon Stroke Registry has identified every case of stroke occurring in this city of 140,000 inhabitants. The systematic use of a CT scan and multiple other sources of information ranging from hospital doctors to general practitioners make it possible for us to have virtually exhaustive data on stroke incidence. The gross incidence was 170 per 100,000 among men and 126 per 100,000 among women. Specific incidence by age and sex shows female predominance up to 30 years of age, and male predominance among victims from 30 to 80 years old. Beyond 80, rates were identical for both sexes. In 68% of the cases, the strokes were caused by infarct; in 12%, by lacunae; in 15%, by cerebral hemorrhage; in 5%, by subarachnoid hemorrhage. Significant differences existed in this distribution according to age, with a clear predominance of young people among those having subarachnoid hemorrhage, while, for those over 40, cerebral hemorrhages were frequent; the proportion of infarct increased with age for both sexes. A peak of incidence for infarct appeared during winter, while transient ischemic accident was more frequent in summer. Cerebral hemorrhage had a similar incidence throughout the year. Mortality was high during the first month (12.5% during the first week, 21.5% during the first month), and reached 30% during the first year. These results are comparable to those generally observed among white occidental populations. They confirm the limited incidence of hemorrhages (contrary to what has been observed in Japan), emphasize the important and often underestimated role of lacunar syndromes, and the seasonal variations specific to each mechanism. PMID- 3217577 TI - [Usefulness of determining blood phosphorus in acute experimental intestinal ischemia]. PMID- 3217578 TI - [Our experience in surgery of ulcerative colitis using an ileal "J" reservoir and endorectal ileoanal anastomosis]. PMID- 3217579 TI - [Progress in the availability of domestic refrigeration of food in Spain and mortality from gastric cancer]. PMID- 3217580 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of gastric cancer. Review of a series of 246 cases]. PMID- 3217581 TI - [The Kehr T tube and biliary peritonitis caused by its removal. Prevention]. PMID- 3217582 TI - [In vitro study of fetal hepatocytes]. PMID- 3217583 TI - [Q fever: hepatic pathology]. PMID- 3217584 TI - [Intrahepatic cholestasis and agranulocytosis in a young man: toxic reaction or citiolone?]. PMID- 3217585 TI - [Contribution of computerized tomography in pneumatosis intestinalis]. PMID- 3217587 TI - [Sweet syndrome and ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3217586 TI - [Solitary rectal ulcer]. PMID- 3217588 TI - [Is it possible to detect by non-invasive methods pulmonary artery hypertension in chronic respiratory disorders?]. PMID- 3217589 TI - [Blood levels of CA-50, CA-19.9, CA-125, enolase, CA-15.3 and carcinoembryonic antigen in non-cancerous bronchopulmonary pathology]. AB - At present we do not possess a specific marker of broncho-pulmonary cancers. We propose to test the specificity of six serum markers labelled by radio immunological methods (CA-50, CA-19.9, CA-125, CA-15.3, enolase, ACE) in 60 patients suffering from non-tumoural broncho-pulmonary disorders: chronic airflow obstruction = 28, acute infective bronchopulmonary disorders = 23, allergy = 9. We have not found any correlation between the percentage of false positives and sex, age or smoking. On the other hand, the CA-125 was often found to be positive in cases of acute pneumonia. Overall the frequency of false positives with ACE (3.3%) enolase (6.7%) and CA-15.3 (5%) is weak. The threshold of positivity obtained is adequate. This is not the case with CA-50 (33.3%), CA-19.9 (13.3%) and above all CA-125 (53.3%), for these we suggest new thresholds of positivity. PMID- 3217590 TI - [The value of Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary artery hypertension in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. AB - We report a study using Doppler echocardiography looking for pulmonary arterial hypertension (HTAP) in 36 patients presenting with chronic airflow obstruction (BPCO) who are in a stable state. 18 of these (group 1) had confirmed HTAP by right heart catheterisation which had been done the day before and was defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm) of greater than 20 mm of mercury. The other 18 patients (group 2) did not have HTAP at rest. The systolic ejection flow and the duration of the peak (expressed in msec) was analysed at the time of each examination. The Doppler data was compared between the two groups of patients and also with the results obtained in ten healthy subjects. The Doppler examination was successfully performed in 35 patients in spite of a poor echographic window in 86% of cases. When there was HTAP, the systolic ejection flow had a triangular aspect which contrasted with the dome shaped appearance of the normals. In group 1 the peak time was significantly shortened (p less than 0.01) compared to group 2 and to the healthy subjects. On the other hand there was no linear correlation between the value of the peak time and the level of HTAP measured by the catheter. Thus the severity of HTAP could not be precisely measured using these parameters. In considering that the peak time is normally greater than 100 msec, the sensitivity and specificity of the Doppler examination for the detection of HTAP during the course of BPCO are 90 and 88% respectively, which appears to be superior to the values obtained using other non invasive methods in the diagnosis of HTAP. PMID- 3217591 TI - [French medical students and tobacco]. AB - This is a pilot study by UICTMR on smoking habits in medical students carried out in five countries before a world study is undertaken. Smoking habits are already established for first year medical students and for fifth year medical students of both sexes. Cessation of smoking, however, is common in the young. One smoker in two hopes to stop. Knowledge of the dangers of smoking is reasonably good. However the study shows, above all, that students have not integrated into the medical field the education about and prevention of smoking, and they appear limited in their openness to the broader conceptions of Public Health. PMID- 3217592 TI - [Estimation of pulmonary dust load using magnetic pneumography]. AB - If an occupational history enables the identification of subjects at high risk from occupational disease, it yields no information on the individual dust level on account of very important inter-individual variations in pulmonary dust retention. Magnetopneumography is the only technique which enables pulmonary dust loads to be estimated on living subjects. The first measures of dust load by magnetopneumography made at the Ambroise Pare Hospital are reported. By knowing the magnetic properties of occupationally inhaled aero-contaminants, this technique is sensitive and non-invasive and enables the total pulmonary dust load to be estimated from the study of the residual magnetism in the ferromagnetic component of these aero-contaminants. A SQUID magnetometer measures this magnetism on 5 lines of the anterior surface of the thorax after overall magnetisation of the latter by an external magnetic field of 30 kA/m. Measurements were made on 18 male subjects: 5 non-exposed controls and 13 occupationally exposed subjects to these aero-contaminants. The dust load calculated was variable, 0 in the controls and between 0 and 3,065 mg in exposed subjects. For the first time measures were made in 4 dental technicians: their dust load was between 725 and 3,065 mg. The problems posed by this method are broached. Its principle objective is the surveillance of occupationally exposed population to these aero-contaminants of ferromagnetic composition. A decrease in the residual magnetic signal after the cessation of magnetisation was observed in keeping with the data of the literature. This phenomenon, recognised under the term of "relaxation", is evidence of the activity of alveolar macrophages. PMID- 3217593 TI - [Cervical magnetic stimulation. A new method of bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation for use in clinical practice]. AB - The stimulation of the phrenic nerves in the neck is one of the techniques for the examination of diaphragmatic contractility. Current methods are restricted by their painful (transcutaneous stimulation) or even potentially dangerous nature (needle stimulation). We have tested both the feasibility and the validity of using magnetic stimulation (SMC) to stimulate the phrenic nerves. This method is painless and devoid of any side effects. Three healthy subjects have been studied using an EMG and transdiaphragmatic pressure measurements (Pdi.) Pdi values obtained by SMC (36.5 +/- 13.5 cm H2O) and their relation to maximal Pdi (22.6 +/ 7%) and to the Pdi at the time of maximal sniff-Pdi sniff (34.7 +/- 8%) were comparable to those values obtained using other methods and were reproducible. The preliminary results show that SMC is a technique for the study of the phrenic nerve and diaphragm which has the advantage of simplicity in use, is repeatable and is completely innocuous. PMID- 3217594 TI - [A specific etiology of radiologic cannon balls: sarcoidosis. Apropos of a case]. AB - A distinctive form of sarcoidosis is reported. A young woman, without any past medical history, presented with a cannon-ball radiographic appearance and a fever, suggesting an infection or underlying neoplasm. A lung biopsy gave the diagnosis of sarcoidosis after negative fibreoptic bronchoscopy, bronchial lavage and needle biopsy. This macronodular form of sarcoidosis is known but rarely described. There was a favourable clinical and radiological outcome, which occurred spontaneously. PMID- 3217595 TI - [A case of semi-delayed hypersensitivity to dry sausage dust]. AB - The authors record a case of semi-delayed hypersensitivity to sausage dust in an employee of a wholesale pork butcher and curing business. The symptoms combined cough and fever with rigors; there were no clinical or laboratory data to suggest alveolar disease. The immunoallergic "work-up" suggested a precipitin mediated disease with notably 10-14 precipitation arcs to the products of sausage sweepings. A microbiological analysis of the flora of the sausages, as well as an extensive search for precipitins and cutaneous tests have not enabled us to confirm the antigen responsible with certainty. PMID- 3217596 TI - [Saccular aneurysm of the superior vena cava]. AB - The authors report a case of a saccular aneurysm of the superior vena cava in a 38 year old female. The diagnosis could only be made at thoracotomy because of the additional difficulty posed by a complete thrombosis of the aneurysmal pocket, which produced a particularly deceptive CT image. This type of lesion is exceptionally rare as a cause of a mediastinal "tumour" since only 24 cases of congenital aneurysm of the superior vena cava have been reported, of which only 4 were of the saccular type. PMID- 3217597 TI - [Determination of adenosine deaminase in 295 samples of pleural fluid]. AB - The activity of adenosine deaminase has been measured in 295 specimens of pleural fluid from 248 patients. The effusions were due in part to pleural tubercle (n = 8), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 2) empyema (n = 4), or malignant lymphoma (n = 5); the remainder were due to effusions of other aetiologies (n = 229). The disorders of the first group of patients are known to be associated with an elevated level of ADA. The two groups of patients were compared by fixing the upper limit of normal at 50 U/l. There was a 97% specificity even though the sensitivity was only 42%. However the relative smallness of the group of patients who were suffering from tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, empyema and malignant lymphoma means that the interpretation of the sensitivity of the test should be subject to caution. PMID- 3217598 TI - [Cough provoked by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Effect of non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents]. AB - Cough is a well recognised though undesirable side effect during the course of treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (IEC). With the help of two examples we have tried to show that this cough does not have an immunological origin but rather pharmacological. Cough was suppressed by non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs. Stemming from these observations and from two studies in the literature a patho-physiological mechanism for the cough is proposed in which treatment with IEC leads to a connection with prostaglandins, notably bronchial PGE2. PMID- 3217599 TI - [A case of Reiche's tuberculosis, acute tuberculosis with hematologic manifestations]. AB - The authors report a case of tuberculosis in a 39 year old male who had a past history of tuberculosis with a relapse 10 years later. This relapse was in an acute form which was both pulmonary and haematological, producing an acute tuberculosis of Reiche in its cytopenic form. Anti-tuberculous treatment did not prevent the patient dying 49 days after the presentation of the disease. PMID- 3217600 TI - Analysis of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase system using molecular genetic approaches. PMID- 3217602 TI - [Pacemaker ECG]. PMID- 3217601 TI - [Ion transport by alveolar epithelial cells]. PMID- 3217603 TI - [Convenient methods for diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome with special reference to the respiratory and sleeping Holter's monitoring system]. PMID- 3217604 TI - [The chronic effect of coenzyme Q10 in dilated cardiomyopathy: echocardiographic assessment]. PMID- 3217605 TI - [Efficacy of non-supervised home exercise program in convalescent phase of acute myocardial infarction-evaluation of the effects by anaerobic threshold]. PMID- 3217606 TI - [Analysis in the coronary artery resistance during reperfusion after myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 3217607 TI - [Noninvasive quantitative evaluation of cardiac reverse--effects of dilazep (adenosine like agent)]. PMID- 3217608 TI - [Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen in coronary sinus blood during rapid atrial pacing and supine bicycle ergometer exercise testings in patients with coronary artery disease]. PMID- 3217609 TI - [Chronic heart disease caused by irradiation--a study of five cases]. PMID- 3217610 TI - [Peroperative management of myasthenia gravis patients undergoing thymectomy]. PMID- 3217611 TI - [Post-menarchal increase in height in young girls in a rural population of central Mexico]. PMID- 3217612 TI - Different ovulatory response to copulatory stimulus in rats treated with reserpine or atropine on diestrus day one. PMID- 3217613 TI - [HIV infection in the hemophiliac patient]. PMID- 3217614 TI - [Plasmapheresis or infusion of fresh plasma in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Preliminary report]. PMID- 3217615 TI - [Obtaining antibodies against angiotensin II]. PMID- 3217617 TI - [Use of the oral glucose tolerance curve as a criterion for validating some indicators of risk of developing glucose intolerance]. PMID- 3217616 TI - [Angiotensin II levels in rats subjected to stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system]. PMID- 3217618 TI - [Comparison of various methods of determining blood sugar levels using reactive strips]. PMID- 3217619 TI - [Systemic Castleman's disease. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3217620 TI - [Current aspects of chromosomal analysis using image enhancement]. PMID- 3217621 TI - [Anatomo-clinical case. 30-year-old man with icterus, fever and a pyogenic hepatic abscess]. PMID- 3217622 TI - [INS quality control program. V. Use of an internal/external program strategy]. PMID- 3217623 TI - [In reference to the article: "Cholecystectomy as a risk factor in the development of colorectal carcinoma"]. PMID- 3217624 TI - Reactive lymphadenopathies. PMID- 3217626 TI - Pediatric outpatient neurology. PMID- 3217627 TI - Some studies on acquired immunity to Plasmodium chabaudi and Plasmodium yoelii in mice. PMID- 3217625 TI - Kikuchi's histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis: an analysis of 108 cases with emphasis on differential diagnosis. AB - Kikuchi's necrotizing lymphadenitis has now become recognized in many parts of the world as a well-defined clinicopathologic entity with a remarkable predilection for cervical lymph nodes of young women. The morphologic features encountered in lymph nodes are distinctive and should enable pathologists to establish the diagnosis with confidence. Nonetheless, this analysis of 108 cases, encountered over a 15-year period, has emphasized the difficulty that many pathologists have in recognizing this disorder, and in particular, in distinguishing it from malignant lymphoma. Although in the vast majority of cases, lymphadenopathy and other symptomatology resolves spontaneously, two of our patients, thought initially to have Kikuchi's disease, developed systemic lupus erythematosus. This raises consideration for the proposal that Kikuchi's disease may reflect a self-limited SLE-like auto-immune condition (a "forme fruste" of SLE), perhaps induced by virus-infected transformed lymphocytes. Moreover, such observations indicate that patients with Kikuchi's disease should be kept under observation for several years to ensure that they are not at risk for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3217628 TI - [Determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration of metronidazole for isolates of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans]. PMID- 3217629 TI - [In vitro antibacterial activity of depsidone chlorate 1'-chloropannarine]. PMID- 3217630 TI - Rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate ligament in the athlete. AB - Recent medical advances in diagnosis, surgical technique, bracing and postoperative rehabilitation have greatly improved subjective and objective results following anterior cruciate ligament surgery. A team approach involving patient, therapist, athletic trainer, and surgeon is vital to a successful outcome. Surgical rationale and postoperative rehabilitation should be based on sound scientific data, recognising the need for static and dynamic knee stability. The rehabilitation programme should incorporate principles which enhances the well-being of the musculoskeletal system, avoiding potential problems such as periarticular contractures, disuse atrophy, negative cartilage changes, and cardiopulmonary deconditioning. This article is an attempt to summarise the scientific data and principles, and describe a rehabilitation programme which adheres to the data and principles outlined. PMID- 3217631 TI - [Pollution and respiration]. PMID- 3217632 TI - [Extent and assessment of air pollution in Switzerland]. PMID- 3217633 TI - [Passive smoking and domestic pollution]. PMID- 3217634 TI - [Asthma and atmospheric pollution]. PMID- 3217635 TI - [Atmospheric pollution and allergies]. PMID- 3217636 TI - [Air hygiene in the Broye Valley]. PMID- 3217637 TI - [Possibilities for the prevention of colon carcinoma]. PMID- 3217638 TI - [Brain metastases. Irradiation, an advantageous alternative?]. PMID- 3217639 TI - [Deterioration of general condition, decreased functional performance, exertional dyspnea]. PMID- 3217640 TI - [A case from practice (121). Patient: 50-year-old female Italian migrant worker]. PMID- 3217641 TI - [Temporal arteritis in a patient with long-standing migraine]. PMID- 3217643 TI - [A case from practice (122). Patient: Mrs. M. M., born 1927, translator]. PMID- 3217642 TI - [Pruritus, status following cholecystectomy]. PMID- 3217644 TI - [Campylobacter pylori, chronic gastritis and ulcer disease]. PMID- 3217645 TI - [Patients with AIDS-related brain diseases hospitalized in psychiatric institutions. Experiences from a regional psychiatric hospital]. PMID- 3217646 TI - [Fatigue fractures of the femoral neck in a military recruit]. PMID- 3217647 TI - [Validity of the diagnosis "psychogenic pain" in a 5-year follow-up study]. PMID- 3217648 TI - [New antibiotics: the burden of choice]. PMID- 3217649 TI - [Psychosomatic factors in angina pectoris]. PMID- 3217650 TI - [A case from practice (125). Patient: Z. A., born 10-27-1921]. PMID- 3217651 TI - [AIDS--considered from a different viewpoint]. PMID- 3217652 TI - [Pulmonary aspergilloma appearing early]. AB - A 62-year old smoker and alcoholic woman with chronic obstructive lung disease was admitted for suppurative pneumonia with cavitation and developed an intracavitary aspergilloma less than 2 months after the first signs of pneumonia. In view of the short time elapsed between the aspergilloma and the onset of suppurative pneumonia, 2 possibilities are discussed: either an aspergilloma developed unusually early in the cavity of a recent pulmonary abscess, or the patient had a chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosed at an early stage, which would account for all the manifestations observed. PMID- 3217653 TI - [Aspergilloma and tuberculous sequestration]. AB - In an 18-year old male patient a large cavity of the right upper lobe was occupied first by a tuberculous sequestration, then 2 years later, by a fungus ball. This case shows that the so-called "sleigh-bell" image is not pathognomic of aspergilloma and that this disease is far from being exceptional in Africa. PMID- 3217654 TI - [Treatment of bronchopulmonary aspergilloma with Monaldi's endocavitary drainage and injections of amphotericin B. Apropos of 2 cases of bilateral aspergilloma]. AB - Two recent cases of bilateral broncho-pulmonary aspergilloma offer the authors an opportunity to review the treatment of aspergilloma with injections of amphotericin B and Monaldi's intracavitary aspiration technique. In patients with very poor general condition and when surgical excision cannot be contemplated, this technique remains very useful, especially since treatments with intravenous or oral antifungal drugs are frequently ineffective. The indications, method and possible complications of the intracavitary aspiration technique are described. The literature concerning this treatment is reviewed. PMID- 3217655 TI - [Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in 2 brothers]. AB - Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare disease of unknown cause and pathogenesis, where the pathological substrate is composed of calcium microconcrements inside the alveoli. The lungs are endured with deterioration of respiratory mechanics, ventilation and perfusion disorders and finally pulmonary hypertension and chronic cor pulmonale. The disease follows a slow course extending approximately over 20 years. The authors present two cases of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis affecting two brothers aged 14 and 19 years respectively. Radiographic findings were typical and impressive. Lung changes were discovered on recruitment in the elder brother and on examination of family members in the younger brother. Both has no complaint and normal respiratory findings. The histopathological diagnosis was made from a sample obtained by bronchoscopic parabronchial lung biopsy. This report is completed with data from the literature. PMID- 3217656 TI - [Very peculiar bilateral parenchymatous opacities: lipoid pneumonia]. PMID- 3217657 TI - [Primary endobronchial tuberculosis]. PMID- 3217658 TI - [Late occupational disease]. PMID- 3217659 TI - [Antituberculous chemotherapy: a constraining adverse effect of pyrazinamide]. PMID- 3217661 TI - [Do we have to adopt an antiseptic for our hands?]. PMID- 3217660 TI - [Anginal pain from 5-fluorouracil]. PMID- 3217662 TI - [Nephrotic syndromes]. PMID- 3217663 TI - [Rectal cancer: pre- and immediate postoperative care]. PMID- 3217664 TI - [Communication in all its forms]. PMID- 3217666 TI - [Nothing is as it was before]. PMID- 3217665 TI - [Conservative treatment of acquired heart valve diseases]. PMID- 3217667 TI - [Nurses and the health center]. PMID- 3217668 TI - [Revolution at the French National Association of Diploma Nurses and Students]. PMID- 3217669 TI - [Deep mycoses]. PMID- 3217670 TI - [Behavior therapy of phobias]. PMID- 3217671 TI - [A mother's viewpoint]. PMID- 3217672 TI - [The Ilizarov fixation device]. PMID- 3217673 TI - [The fool, his nurse and the city]. PMID- 3217674 TI - [A nurse in Belgium]. PMID- 3217676 TI - [Dietetics by Minitel]. PMID- 3217675 TI - [B. Preparation for the state diploma in nursing. B2. Studies in preparation for the state diploma]. PMID- 3217677 TI - [A computer system at work]. PMID- 3217678 TI - [Hypokalemias]. PMID- 3217679 TI - [Measurement of arterial pressure]. PMID- 3217680 TI - [A patient after lung surgery]. PMID- 3217681 TI - [Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1988]. PMID- 3217682 TI - [Neither maids nor nuns]. PMID- 3217683 TI - [The nursing profession in France]. PMID- 3217684 TI - [Pre-anesthetic evaluation]. PMID- 3217685 TI - [Iron deficiency anemias]. PMID- 3217686 TI - [From table to workshop ... study of a work place]. PMID- 3217687 TI - [Regulation of the working time (TADIG)]. PMID- 3217688 TI - [An elite for work for ants]. PMID- 3217689 TI - [Attempt at evaluation of quality]. PMID- 3217690 TI - [Photo-injuries of electric welders]. PMID- 3217691 TI - [The best]. PMID- 3217692 TI - Are gloves really necessary? PMID- 3217693 TI - Prescription writing. PMID- 3217694 TI - Purification of water for drinking purposes, with special consideration of filtration of micro-organisms. PMID- 3217695 TI - [Sealing with fibrin in cases of premature rupture of the fetal membranes]. PMID- 3217696 TI - The evolution of the nasal septum and the formation of septal deformity. AB - Morphological abnormalities of the nasal cavity, particularly of the nasal septum, were interpreted from the viewpoint of evolution. Septal deformity was explained to be an inevitable condition resulting from the autonomic growth force of the septal cartilage, which exists from the earliest mammals; the relationship of the septal cartilage with the vomer supporting it from below; the regression of the maxillo-facial cranium and the enlargement of the neurocranium after the primate stage; and the changes in the cranial base. Therefore, the author proposed that septal deformity was a paradox which occurred as a result of evolution. PMID- 3217697 TI - Tao of life: universality of dichotomy in biology. 2. The epigenetic mechanisms. PMID- 3217698 TI - Concerted structure involving extragenic sequences and a gene. PMID- 3217699 TI - The flow of information in biological systems. Beyond the central dogma. PMID- 3217700 TI - [N-nitroso compounds in rubber and rubber products]. PMID- 3217701 TI - [Deterioration of the natural environment in the macroregion of southwestern Poland and its effect on human health]. PMID- 3217702 TI - [Daily nutrition of young workers, vocational school students at large industrial plants]. PMID- 3217703 TI - [Nitrates and nitrites in marine fish, fish products and common salt]. PMID- 3217704 TI - [Chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in swine adipose tissue, liver and pork]. PMID- 3217705 TI - [Analysis of iodine levels in milk and milk products]. PMID- 3217706 TI - [Review of presently recognized microorganisms causing food poisoning and infections]. PMID- 3217707 TI - [Characteristics of thermophilic microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter isolated from various sources. IV. Survival of C. jejuni on the surface of pickled meat]. PMID- 3217708 TI - [Determining histamine levels in canned fish products by the spectrofluorometric method]. PMID- 3217710 TI - [Computerized tomography analysis of cement-free total hip endoprostheses]. AB - 16 patients with total hip endoprosthesis were investigated by high resolution computed tomography (CT) to analyse possible advantages of CT over conventional radiography. The quality of the examinations was good only in pure titanium systems: examinations of chromium-molybdenum alloys were severely deteriorated by strike artifacts. Positioning of implants is well defined in radiographs; CT provides better visualisation of the relation between implant and cortical bone. Evaluation of the contact of the shaft to the femoral corticalis is difficult in radiographs but facilitated in axial scans. Determination of relevance of CT analysis of total hip endoprosthesis remains subject to a future long-term follow up study. PMID- 3217709 TI - [Exposure to noise in nurseries and nursery schools]. PMID- 3217711 TI - [Specific detection of various stages of Osler's disease of the brain using high field magnetic resonance tomography (1.5 Tesla)]. AB - MR is a sensitive noninvasive examination method for diagnosing parenchymatous cryptic arteriovenous malformations and sequels of cerebral haemorrhage. In a patient with recurring nosebleed and brain stem syndrome eleven so-called cryptic arteriovenous malformations or their haemorrhage sequels were diagnosed via magnetic resonance tomography. Basing on these specific findings, nosebleeding, and a positive family anamnesis, the findings could be classified as belonging to manifestations of Osler's disease (hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia). This rare disease is characterised by a triad of signs: telangiectasias, recurring bleeding, and heredity. In this article the specific MR image is compared with the CT pattern and the results are discussed against the background of literature on Osler's disease which is also known as Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. PMID- 3217712 TI - [Lymphoepithelial hyperplasia of the tonsil at the base of the tongue]. AB - A case report is communicated on lymphoepithelial hyperplasia of the tonsil at the base of the tongue. This may be demonstrated during radiological double contrast examination of the oesophagus as a protrusion of the mucosa of the hypopharynx with smooth or nodular relief pattern. Differential diagnosis is necessary especially against malignant neoplasms. PMID- 3217713 TI - [Bone and liver metastases in uterine, cervical and ovarian cancer]. AB - Examination for liver and bone metastases was performed in 30 women suffering from carcinoma of the uterus and in 27 with cervical and 37 with ovarian carcinoma. Scintigraphy was the examination method of choice in bone metastases and computed tomography in liver metastases. Bone metastases were not seen in any patient in the stages I to IV with carcinoma of the cervix and ovarian carcinoma. Bone metastases were found in one patient in stage III and in one in stage IV with carcinoma of the uterus. Liver metastases were found in four patients in stages III and IV with carcinoma of the uterus and in five patients with ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3217714 TI - [Typical radiologic findings in Mirizzi syndrome]. AB - In extrahepatic cholestasis it is necessary to include Mirizzi's syndrome in the differential diagnostic considerations. Characteristic findings in sonography and computed tomography are: a stone incorporated in the neck of the gallbladder or cystic duct with an extension of the common hepatic duct above the stone and normal width of the bile duct below the stone; in endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC, direct cholangiography), a characteristic finding is a smooth-walled, segmental stenosis through external compression or an incorporated stone. PMID- 3217715 TI - [Roentgen morphology of the eburnated vertebral body--diagnostic and differential diagnostic problems]. AB - 1. Numerous diseases may become manifest as eburnated vertebral bodies, and hence the x-ray morphological sign of eburnation is an unspecific one. Isolated characteristics such as the involvement of one or several vertebrae, an intact vertebral space, a broadening of the paravertebral accompanying shadow, and the remaining radiological skeletal status enable narrowing down the differential diagnosis, although anamnesis and clinical findings will supply the main pointers. 2. In primary tumorous eburnations radiotherapy or chemotherapy will render an x-ray morphological assessment of therapeutic success impossible. 3. In primary diagnosis of an eburnated vertebral body it is possible to apply sonography, CT and MR as diagnostic tools step by step to narrow down the differential diagnosis by detecting or excluding pathological abdominal processes such as liver or lymphatic node metastases, paravertebral or intraspinal soft part dense space-occupying growths or bone infiltration, but it will only rarely be possible to classify the phenomenon properly as being caused by a well-defined process, even if CT and MR are employed. PMID- 3217717 TI - [Epidemiology of meningococcal disease, 1970/1977. Onset and dissemination of the epidemic process]. PMID- 3217716 TI - [Evaluation of thermonebulization of propoxur against mosquitoes by biological tests]. PMID- 3217718 TI - [Staphylococcus aureus: carriers among food handlers]. PMID- 3217719 TI - [Use of tetraethylthiuram monosulfide in the treatment of ectoparasites in mice]. PMID- 3217720 TI - [The right to health]. PMID- 3217721 TI - Health education: the role and functions of the specialist and the generalist. PMID- 3217722 TI - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis, 5 years' prevention]. PMID- 3217723 TI - [Health conditions of children of the municipality of Sao Paulo (Brazil), 1984/1985. VII--Intestinal parasitosis]. PMID- 3217724 TI - [Biology of Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai H., D. & K., 1913 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Pacific coast of Colombia. II. Fluctuation of the adult population]. PMID- 3217725 TI - [Biology of Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai H., D. & K., 1913 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Pacific coast of Colombia. III. Luminosity measurements and biting behavior]. PMID- 3217727 TI - [Comparative data of hospital morbidity in the municipality of Cubatao and in the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil)]. PMID- 3217726 TI - [Sterilization of serums and vaccines by cobalt gamma radiation]. PMID- 3217728 TI - [Health status of children of the municipality of Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil), 1984 1985. VIII--Coverage and impact of food supplementation]. PMID- 3217729 TI - [Intestinal helminthiasis. I. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of the population]. PMID- 3217730 TI - [Administration by agreement, a political management tool. An analysis of the agreements of the Health Secretariat of the State of Sao Paulo--1987]. PMID- 3217731 TI - [Biology of Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai H., D. & K., 1913 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Pacific coast of Colombia. I. Fluctuation of the larval population and characteristics of their breeding places]. PMID- 3217732 TI - [Ambiguous keratosis. The situation of leukoplasia of the oral cavity]. AB - The terminology used for white lesions of the oral cavity requires careful definition: the term keratosis is general, covering all lesions which by histological examination show evidence of keratin on the surface, regardless of other detectable lesions; the term leukoplasia is more restrictive, indicating (according to the WHO) white lesions not falling within the context of a known disease = lichen, lupus erythematosus, florid oral papillomatosis, chronic candidiasis, etc. This review chose the diagnostic difficulties of different varieties (planus, warty, erosive) of leukoplasia. In our experience the ambiguity of keratosis may be due to inadequate data from clinical examination and/or histological examination, to the combined existence in a given patient and at the same time of two white lesions of different nature, or to the successive existence at the same place of two lesions with a different clinical and/or histological diagnosis (raising the problem of transformation). PMID- 3217733 TI - [Cherubism. Apropos 3 cases]. AB - Cherubism is a benign hereditary giant-cell lesion of the mandibular and maxillary spongiosa which appears during childhood between 2 and 5 years old and progresses until puberty when it spontaneously regresses. It appears under the form of a bilateral painless swelling. It normally requires no treatment. Three children of a same algerian family who suffered from this disease were brought into our ward. Radiographic examinations were realized among which scanner allowed the establishment of a good definition of the lesions. The 3 patients were finally operated, the surgical intervention having been effectively necessary. PMID- 3217734 TI - [The elimination of dental and sinusal infectious foci in dermatologic pathology. A double-blind study in 27 cases confined to chronic urticaria]. AB - The authors study the responsibility on dental and sinusal focal sepsis in the evolution of chronic urticaria. The conclusion is that the eradication of dental and sinusal focal sepsis doesn't significantly change the evolution of chronic urticaria (Student Fischer test). PMID- 3217735 TI - [Restoration of the alveolar crest with a biomaterial filler. A clinical and histological study]. AB - The implantation of biocompatible hydroxyapatite is used for human mandibular ridge augmentation in edentulous patients. Histologically, we studied such a material after a long period of implantation (1 1/2 to 2 years) in two patients. The histologic study showed a narrow meshed net of collagen tissue surrounding the hydroxylapatite particles. In the periphery of that tissue, we could see an osteogenesis: the bony trabeculae thus formed firstly were made of an immature bony matrix with an irregular "woven" pattern; secondarily, a mature bone, quite similar to the normal bone, occurred. In our two observations, there was an unusual inflammatory reaction characterized by cellular infiltration of lipophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells in the connective tissue and in one case by a true ischaemic necrosis with granuloma and bacteria. In spite of that inflammation, the whole material was well tolerated, without foreign-body granuloma. Such a granuloma was only found in superficial areas of the gingiva, around extruded particles of the biomaterial. PMID- 3217736 TI - [Modifications of Lefort I osteotomy. Pterygomaxillary disjunction by an inferior rotation of the maxilla]. AB - This article reviews some of the complications associated with the use of a chisel to achieve separation of the pterygomaxillary region during the Lefort I osteotomy. A modification of this surgical procedure is proposed whereby no chisel is used to complete the maxillary disjunction. A series of more than 200 consecutive Lefort I osteotomies using this technique confirms the value of this modification. PMID- 3217738 TI - [Is examination of the post-capillary pressure reaction during physical exertion in mitral stenosis effective from the aspect of indications for surgical therapy?]. PMID- 3217737 TI - [Carcinoma of the soft palate and uvula. An analysis of the results and the reasons for failures. A study of 76 cases]. AB - The treatment of carcinomas of the soft palate most often involves radiotherapy. In order to assess the value of irradiation, notably in the treatment of limited T1 or T2 tumours, a retrospective study was carried out of 76 case records suitable for analysis of patients treated in our hospital for this type of tumour between 1974 and 1987. There were 70 men and 6 women. The mean age was 54 years. Fifty-four patients had limited T1 or T2 tumours (including 40 without lymphadenopathy). Treatment methods varied but 48/76 were treated by radiotherapy only (transcutaneous irradiation and/or local interstitial implant). Local tumour control was obtained in 87% of patients with T1 tumours, in 77% with T2 and in 50% with T3 tumours. Lymph node control was obtained in 68% of patients. None of the patients initially classified NO showed any subsequent lymph node involvement. The actuarial five-year survival rate was 67% for T1, 38% for T2 and 22% for T3. Lymph node involvement was the only other prognostic factor. Fourteen patients developed distant metastases and 13% had at least one other tumour site. Radiotherapy as tumour treatment is thus felt to be the method most widely used apart from tumours strictly limited to the uvula, where surgery is preferred. Cervical lymph nodes are treated surgically when there is a palpable lymphadenopathy and by radiotherapy for N0 patients. Induction chemotherapy before radiotherapy is used in addition at stages T3 and T4. PMID- 3217739 TI - [Dynamic scintigraphy of the esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 3217740 TI - [Personal experience with cefadroxil]. PMID- 3217741 TI - [A successful delivery using epidural anesthesia in a woman with Ebstein's malformation]. PMID- 3217742 TI - [Therapy of tumor pain]. PMID- 3217744 TI - Time-dependent increase of glomerular filtration rate after oral protein load: evidence for diurnal variations in renal response. AB - Seven healthy male volunteers were studied to test the effect of timing of an oral protein load on renal function. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) was measured during the 4-h period after administration of 72 g of protein in the form of cooked red meat at 1200 hours (lunch protein load, PL) and at 2000 hours (supper PL) the next evening. A low-protein meal in the form of vegetables was given as a control load at 2000 hours on the first day (supper control load, CL) and at 1200 hours on the second day (lunch CL). The 12-h night-time Ccr at fasting was used as the baseline reference value. After the lunch PL, Ccr (mean 127 +/- 6.8 ml/min) was 45% (p less than 0.001) higher than the baseline value (mean 87.9 +/- 5.3 ml/min) and 33% (p less than 0.001) higher than lunch CL (mean 95.8 +/- 5.6 ml/min). After the supper PL, Ccr (mean 106.2 +/- 8.7 ml/min) was 20% (p less than 0.01) higher than the baseline value and 15% (p less than 0.01) higher than the supper CL (mean 93.0 +/- 9.3 ml/min). The differences between baseline and control load values were not statistically significant. In all seven patients, the protein load induced a maximum Ccr value at lunchtime, and Ccr after the lunch PL was 22% higher than Ccr after the supper PL (p less than 0.01). We conclude that in healthy individuals, the Ccr after an oral protein load is correlated to the hour of the day when the study is performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3217743 TI - A comparison of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin with other biological markers of excessive drinking. AB - In a study of suggested biological markers of excessive drinking, serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) was compared with serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyltransferase; serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol; and erythrocyte mean cellular volume. Analytical data were studied in relation to self-reported alcohol consumption during the latest month for the 69 participating subjects. CDT was found to be the most sensitive and most specific marker of excessive drinking, and was also found to be the best marker for monitoring abstinence under treatment of alcoholics. PMID- 3217745 TI - Fatty acid composition in plasma and platelet phospholipid in hypothyroid patients before and after 1-thyroxine substitution. AB - The relative concentration of fatty acids in plasma and platelet phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine) was determined in 11 patients with overt hypothyroidism (S TSH greater than 80 mU/l) before and after 1-thyroxine substitution therapy. During therapy, the linoleic (C18:2) acid content decreased (p less than 0.01) whereas longer and more desaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic (C20:4) acid, increased (p less than 0.01) in plasma phospholipids. Also, oleic (C18:1) acid decreased (p less than 0.01) while the major saturated fatty acids, palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids, were stable. In platelet membrane phospholipids, a similar reciprocal change in the relative content of linoleic (C18:2) and arachidonic (C20:4) acids, respectively, occurred. In plasma, these changes in linoleic and arachidonic acids were found to be inversely correlated (r = 0.56, p less than 0.05). The change in the linoleic acid content in plasma was also correlated to that in platelets (r = 0.64, p less than 0.05). Thus, we have found that thyroid hormones positively influence the conversion of linoleic acid to longer and more polyunsaturated fatty acids in a way that affects fatty acid composition not only in plasma but also in platelet membrane phospholipids. PMID- 3217746 TI - Distribution of selenium and glutathione peroxidase in plasma compared in healthy subjects and rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - The distribution of selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma was compared in samples from healthy adult controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Plasma was separated by gel filtration, and selenium was measured in the eluted fractions by means of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction. Most of the selenium in plasma of healthy controls was seen in proteins that migrated close to immunoglobulin G, and that had an apparent molecular weight at the peak of 174 kDa. One major peak of glutathione peroxidase activity with an apparent molecular weight of 99 kDa was unmatched by any significant peak in selenium content. Thus, there was only limited correspondence between the elution patterns of selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity. Also, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, selenium was distributed amongst plasma proteins with a wide range of molecular weights. The major selenium peak was less pronounced in patients, but the amount of selenium in other parts of the chromatogram was not different from that in controls. Further work is necessary to define the occurrence of different selenoproteins in plasma in patients and in healthy subjects. PMID- 3217747 TI - Amniotic fluid phospholipids and foetal lung maturation. AB - An analysis was made of samples of amniotic fluid from 82 pregnant women with normal pregnancies, ranging from 29 to 40 weeks of amenorrhoea. Lipid extraction was quantitative and individual phospholipids were isolated by two-dimensional chromatography. The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) increased significantly (t = 2.17; p less than 0.05) between 35 and 36 weeks of amenorrhoea (from 2.9 +/- 1.0 to 4.3 +/- 1.7). Phosphatidyl-glycerol (PG) was detected from 35 weeks of pregnancy, the time at which the incidence of amniotic samples with mature surfactant (L/S greater than or equal to 2.7 and presence of PG) was 9%; mature surfactant incidence increased to 55.5% at 36 weeks and 100% at 37 or more weeks. There was a good correlation between surfactant levels in amniotic fluid and new born respiratory function. PMID- 3217748 TI - Allopurinol kinetics in humans as a means to assess liver function: evaluation of an allopurinol loading test. AB - A newly developed liver function test was performed on 18 apparently healthy individuals and 29 patients with liver disease. After intravenous injection of a low dose allopurinol (17.1 mumol/kg body mass), blood specimens were collected during 1 h. Plasma analyses of allopurinol and its metabolite oxipurinol were performed and the data were processed by means of a computer-based biodynamic model. This modelling approach makes it possible to estimate parameters, containing information about liver perfusion, hepatocyte membrane transport and hepatocyte cell mass. One parameter (kA31) showed complete discrimination between the reference sample group of healthy individuals and patients with severe liver dysfunction. In a reference sample group of patients with slightly to moderately reduced liver function, only a few patients (5/20) had a kA31 value over the decision limit. In this respect, the allopurinol loading test is superior to the conventional intravenous galactose tolerance test. PMID- 3217749 TI - Enzymatic determination of high density lipoprotein phospholipid using a sensitive reagent and a Cobas Bio Centrifugal Analyzer. AB - A sensitive enzymatic method for the measurement of high density lipoprotein choline-containing phospholipids (HDL-pc) was adapted to a Cobas Bio Centrifugal Analyzer. The Boehringer Mannheim phospholipase D/choline oxidase/peroxidase reagent was modified by the inclusion of 2,4,6,-tribromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid (TBHBA) which reacts with hydrogen peroxide and 4-aminophenazone to produce a quinone-imine dye with a fourfold greater molar absorption than that produced with phenol. The method has been developed for the determination of HDL fractions isolated with polyethylene glycol 6000, for which a reagent of high sensitivity is required. The method is linear to 5.5 mmol/l of HDL-pc and the CVs for within run and day-to-day imprecision were less than 3.5%. Correlation of HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) with HDL-pc values in 200 healthy subjects was good (r = 0.9024). The mean (+/- SD) HDL-pc value for men was 1.12 (+/- 0.26) and for women, 1.34 (+/- 0.29) mmol/l. The assay is inexpensive and large numbers of specimens can be processed rapidly and conveniently. PMID- 3217750 TI - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of hypoxanthine in cord plasma. AB - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of hypoxanthine in cord plasma. Cord plasma was precipitated with ammonium sulphate and after centrifugation the supernatant was injected into the chromatographic system. Separation of hypoxanthine was optimal with phosphate buffer (20 mmol/l, pH 7.65-7.75) as the mobile phase. Limit of determination using 200 microliter of the sample was found to be 1 mumol/l with a coefficient of variation of less than 10%. The imprecision of this method at the 10 mumol/l level was about 2%. The method described in this report for determination of hypoxanthine in cord plasma would also be suitable for determination of hypoxanthine in other biological fluids in clinical investigations. We have also determined reference values for hypoxanthine in citrate-preserved cord plasma. Rigorous sampling conditions and sample handling are important to achieve accurate results. PMID- 3217751 TI - Assessment of calcaemic status in geriatric hospital patients: serum ionized calcium versus albumin-adjusted total calcium. AB - To evaluate the accuracy of total serum calcium (CaT) and albumin-adjusted total calcium (CaA) determinations in the assessment of calcaemic status in the elderly, serum ionized calcium (CaI), CaT and serum albumin (Alb) concentrations were measured in 558 geriatric hospital patients. As expected, CaT was correlated with Alb (r = 0.316, p less than 0.001) and CaI with serum pH (r = -0.351, p less than 0.001) and they were closely interrelated (r = 0.746, p less than 0.001). Various albumin-adjustment formulas from the literature decreased the correlation of CaT and CaI. Using conventional reference limits for CaT only 12% and 72% of patients with CaI above or below the reference limits for CaI, respectively, were found. This study demonstrates the low sensitivity of total and albumin-adjusted calcium in the detection of slightly or moderately abnormal calcaemic states. PMID- 3217752 TI - Trace element alterations in infectious diseases. AB - Trace elements like copper, zinc, iron and selenium have a significant influence on the function of the immune system. We studied plasma levels of trace elements in 53 patients with acute bacterial and viral infections. In bacterial infections (septicaemia, pneumonia, erysipelas and meningitis) the plasma concentrations of selenium, iron and zinc were decreased. Plasma copper was unchanged in patients with erysipelas, but increased in other types of bacterial infections. Although the patients with viral infections showed similar shifts of the trace elements as were observed in patients with bacterial infections, the changes were not as pronounced. A plasma selenium value below 0.8 mumol/l was found in only 6% of the patients with viral infections in contrast to 63% of the patients with septicaemia or 57% of the patients with pneumonia. Furthermore, in viral infections 60% of the zinc values were below the mean level of 12.8 mumol/l observed in healthy controls as compared with 90% of the values in patients with sepsis or 92% of the values in patients with pneumonia. The onset of change in trace elements occurred within a few days and persisted for several weeks. These changes seem to be non-specific and are independent of the agent causing infection. The different types of infections were followed by changes in most of the plasma proteins which are known to be associated with an inflammatory reaction. The changes in plasma proteins were most pronounced in patients with sepsis and pneumonia. Patients with sepsis having a high degree of inflammation did not show a positive correlation between the severity of the disease--as judged by plasma proteins--and the alterations of trace elements. PMID- 3217754 TI - Development of a direct [125I]radioimmunoassay for serum levels of 17 hydroxyprogesterone. AB - We describe a direct, rapid, sensitive and highly specific radioimmunoassay for determining serum levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is based on the use of highly specific sheep antiserum, 125I-labelled tracer, dextran-coated charcoal to separate the antibody bound and free fractions, and sodium salicylate to eliminate interference from endogenous binding proteins in serum. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation are less than 8% and recovery is satisfactory. Sensitivity is 3.5 fmol per assay tube (0.14 nmol/l). Results correlate closely with those of an established technique using 3H-labelled steroid after initial solvent extraction and column chromatography of samples (y = 1.02x - 0.16; r = 0.998). The values found for serum from normal adult subjects ranged from 1.0 to 12.1 nmol/l while those from treated and untreated patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency were 1.4 18.4 and 27.3-650 nmol/l, respectively. PMID- 3217753 TI - Evaluation of bile acid malabsorption by plasma cholesterol precursor sterols in familial hypercholesterolaemia patients with and without ileal exclusion. AB - To evaluate the value of plasma cholesterol precursor sterols in the detection of bile acid malabsorption we measured these sterols in 14 familial hypercholesterolaemia patients, seven with and seven without an ileal exclusion. In the operated subjects bile acid malabsorption had induced a 4.8-fold increase in cholesterol synthesis, accompanied by a 1.9-5.1-fold increase in the plasma content of the eight cholesterol precursor sterols studied. There was no overlap between the two groups in any of these sterols, when total and free sterols were considered, and only three of the esterified sterols overlapped. The tri- and dimethyl sterols were mostly unesterified, monomethyl sterols modestly esterified and the demethylated sterols, especially desmosterol, were mainly esterified. The plasma lathosterol content segregated most clearly the patients with bile acid malabsorption from the controls. The lowest lathosterol value of the operated patients was 2.5-fold higher than the highest value of the control patients. Because lathosterol is the most abundant of the plasma cholesterol precursor sterols and is relatively easy to quantitate, it is suggested that plasma lathosterol measurement can be used in the detection of bile acid malabsorption. PMID- 3217755 TI - The influence of epidermal thickness on transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements in normal persons. AB - Transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements (TcPO2) were performed in ten healthy men (age 30.6 years, range 28-35) in six regions: anterolaterally 10 cm below and above the knee on both legs, 5 cm laterally to umbilicus and on the inside of the left humerus, which was subsequently biopsied for measurements of epidermal thickness from the basal lamina to the uppermost layer of stratum granulosum. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure was on average 70 mmHg (range 42-88 mmHg), and that of epidermal thickness 70 microns (range 43-120 microns). Epidermis was thinnest on the inside of the humerus (mean +/- SD) 61.3 mu +/- 11.0 and about 25% thicker (NS) in the regions above and below the knees. The relationship between TcPO2 (y) and epidermal thickness (x) could be described by the regression equation y = alpha i - 0.26x where the intercept alpha i differed between subjects, the mean value being 88 mmHg (range 77-103). The common regression coefficient of -0.26 was significantly different from zero (p less than 0.01, r2 = 0.49). Although the oxygen gradient across the total epidermis can not be estimated from skin biopsies, correction for the thickness of the living part of the skin may prove beneficial when TcPO2 measurements are used as an indicator of wound healing. The results suggests that the change of oxygen tension across the living part of epidermis is 0.26 mmHg/micron at various skin locations in different subjects. PMID- 3217756 TI - Effect of different doses of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) on nicotinic acid induced hyperbilirubinaemia in Gilbert's syndrome. AB - S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) has been shown to increase hepatocyte membrane fluidity thereby relieving signs of oestrogen-induced cholestasis. S-adenosyl-L methionine might therefore prove effective in improving the efficiency of the transport of organic anions such as nicotinic acid (NA) and bilirubin which is impaired in Gilbert's syndrome (GS). In this study the effects on the metabolization rate of NA and bilirubin of two dosages of SAMe were evaluated in respect to placebo in ten male inpatients (mean age 24 years, range 16-31) with GS. Each patient received both SAMe (800 and 200 mg/day, respectively) and placebo treatment i.v. over a period of 10 days. The NA test (5.9 mumol/kg b.w. i.v.) was carried out in the same volunteers after each treatment. Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) levels were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) after 800 mg/day SAMe than after placebo while the lower dosage of SAMe did not affect UCB values. The bilirubin time curve concentration, expressed as area under the curve (AUC), was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) after 800 mg SAMe in comparison with the values obtained after placebo and 200 mg SAMe. Also plasma NA half-life was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) by the higher dose of SAMe in respect to placebo and not by the lower dose. PMID- 3217757 TI - Bile constituents in ascitic fluid. AB - Bile acids and other bile constituents were determined in serum and ascites from eight patients with liver cirrhosis and in ascites secondary to malignancy in six patients. In cirrhotic ascites, total bile acid levels averaged 53% of the serum levels. A positive correlation was evident between ascites and serum levels for both cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid. For cholic acid, the ascites to serum ratio was higher in all patients compared with the corresponding ratio for chenodeoxycholic acid. The ascites to serum ratios for glycine, taurine and sulphate conjugates were similar, no tendency being shown by any of the conjugates to leak more easily into ascites. The high levels of bile acids in cirrhotic ascites suggests that the abdominal cavity harbours a fraction of the bile acid pool, which should be taken into account when studying bile acid turnover in liver cirrhosis. Bilirubin levels in cirrhotic ascites averaged 24% of the serum values. A positive correlation between ascites and serum levels for unconjugated bilirubin was recorded, whereas the occurrence of bilirubin conjugates in ascites was variable. Albumin levels in cirrhotic ascites were 25% of the serum levels. The ascites to serum ratios for other proteins such as IgG, IgA and IgM and also cholesterol and phospholipids were lower than that for albumin. In malignant ascites, a pattern different from that in liver cirrhosis was seen, low bile acid levels being found. No difference between bilirubin levels was observed, while albumin and cholesterol levels were higher in malignant ascites, with no overlap between the patient groups. These results indicate that the complex mechanisms of ascites formation result in variable levels of bile constituents in ascitic fluid, which are further dependent on the underlying disease. PMID- 3217758 TI - Lipoprotein-deficient serum stimulates the uptake of chylomicron remnants in cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Rat hepatocyte monolayers were cultured in the presence of 1-10% lipoprotein deficient foetal calf serum. This increased the uptake and degradation of chylomicron remnant cholesteryl ester significantly. The increase occurred at all cell densities, i.e. also with less dense cultures where the basal rate of uptake per mg protein was highest. This indicates that tissue culture medium content of lipoprotein cholesterol can regulate the uptake of chylomicron remnants in hepatocytes, analogous to the regulation of the LDL receptor in extrahepatic cell. PMID- 3217760 TI - Human gastric lipase. Effects of fatty acid and bovine serum albumin on in vitro activity. AB - Lipase activity was determined in gastric juice obtained from newborn babies who were fed formula milk (180 ml/kg/day). Samples of gastric juice collected 3 h after a feed were pooled and incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The incubation mixtures containing milk fatty acids (750 nmol/tube) and BSA (0-5%) showed maximal lipase activity (as measured by the liberation of radiolabelled fatty acid from radiolabelled triglyceride) with 1.87% BSA in the first 60 min, but at subsequent time intervals higher enzyme activities were observed with 2.5 and 5% BSA. After extracting milk fatty acids from gastric juice the effects of BSA and sodium oleate on lipase activity were studied. The addition of BSA appeared to inhibit the enzyme, but when sodium oleate was included in the incubating system there was either stimulation or inhibition of lipase activity. A dual effect of BSA (i.e. stimulatory or inhibitory) was observed depending on the relative amounts of BSA and fatty acid present in the incubation tube. It is suggested that 1.87-5% is the optimum concentration range of BSA for the determination of lipase activity in gastric juice, in the presence of 250-500 nmol of fatty acid. PMID- 3217759 TI - Effect of cooling on the intracellular concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl- in cultured human endothelial cells. AB - Cooling is accepted as a practical way of lowering cell metabolism in vein grafts during coronary by-pass surgery. We have previously shown that low temperature causes endothelial cells to become detached, both in in vitro and in vein graft. In this study we have looked at the effect of cold on the concentrations of intra and extracellular electrolytes. Human endothelial cells were grown on titanium grids for electron microscopy. The cells were incubated for 30 min at 37 degrees, 20 degrees, and 4 degrees C with cell culture medium containing human serum, and at 20 degrees and 4 degrees C with heparinized sodium acetate solution with serum, frequently used for flushing and distending vein grafts. Freeze-dried cells were then subjected to elemental X-ray microanalysis. The ambient fluid was analysed by flame photometry. At 20 degrees and 4 degrees C, intracellular concentration of sodium increased, and potassium decreased, compared with controls (37 degrees C). The changes in sodium concentrations were aggravated when cell culture medium was replaced by heparinized sodium acetate. The intracellular chloride concentration did not change when cells were stored in cold cell culture medium. The extracellular concentration of potassium increased with increasing incubation time at 4 degrees C. The connection between these findings and cell detachment is discussed. PMID- 3217761 TI - Measurements on the forward light scattering intensities of monodisperse latex particles and sphered or unsphered red blood cells. AB - Characteristics with respect to light scattering intensity (LSI) were measured on latex spheres and on sphered and unsphered red blood cells (RBC). From the discrepancies in LSI signals from polymer spheres and RBCs it is obvious that latices cannot be used for absolute calibration of RBC sizes. Sphering of RBCs did not give rise to a closer resemblance. Monodisperse latex spheres produce extremely narrow size distribution histograms. Regarding these sharp peaks and the long-term stability, polymer spheres offer definite advantages if compared with blood controls to which preservatives were added. A shift from the RBC size distribution histogram, caused by gradually developing instrument drift, can be easily detected and corrected at an early stage. PMID- 3217763 TI - Adult children of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3217762 TI - Application of a biokinetic model for prediction and assessment of glycated haemoglobins in diabetic patients. AB - An improved biokinetic model describing the haemoglobin A1c ketoamine fraction (HbA1c), and the haemoglobin A1d aldimine fraction (HbA1d), as a function of preceding blood glucose levels has been studied. The model requires knowledge of the chemical reaction rate constants and the life span of the erythrocytes. Calculated HbA1c corresponding to constant blood glucose levels was about 6% lower than previously found using a simplified method of calculation. The predicted variations in the glycated haemoglobins in response to simulated variations in the glucose concentration were, however, similar to the improved and the simplified model calculations. Thus, HbA1d reached a new steady state level within 24 h and HbA1c within 4 weeks after sudden change in glucose concentration. When the blood glucose concentration was simulated by sine waves with periods from 2 to 60 days it was observed that the HbA1d varied in parallel with the glucose concentration with a time delay of about 2 h, whereas the HbA1c was almost constant with periods less than 7 days. Haemoglobin A1c predicted from observed blood glucose levels in diabetic patients followed over several weeks varied in parallel with measured HbA1c. However, the measured values were systematically higher than the calculated. This could be due to an underestimation of the daily mean blood glucose levels used for calculation of HbA1c or to inaccurate estimates of the reaction rate constants. Based on the model it could be demonstrated that the HbA1c fraction corresponds to an exponentially weighted average of daily mean blood glucose levels over the preceding 4 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3217764 TI - Long-term followup studies of schizophrenia: editors' introduction. AB - What are the major long-term followup studies of schizophrenia from around the world? What have we learned about schizophrenia and its vicissitudes over a lifetime? Does the lifelong vantage point help us to identify the primary psychopathologic components of schizophrenia and to distinguish it from other forms of mental illness? What are the implications of the longitudinal perspective for reducting heterogeneity, for transcultural comparisons, and for updating nosology? Is it time to emphasize hypothesis testing in longitudinal studies? These and other questions about schizophrenia are addressed in the Bulletin issue which focuses upon the long-term followup study, its productivity, and its promise. PMID- 3217765 TI - Long-term followup studies of schizophrenia. PMID- 3217766 TI - The natural histories of schizophrenic processes. AB - The natural history of schizophrenia cannot be studied directly, but nevertheless can be inferred and conceptualized as a frame of reference for examining the heterogeneity of the syndrome and for evaluating the impact of treatment, environment, and other factors influencing its course. Alternative diagnostic systems, including DSM-III, imply differing, largely unscrutinized concepts of the natural history and have generated skewed samples and noncomparable longitudinal data. The suggestion is made that sounder future research on the course of schizophrenia will focus upon component processes clustered, for example, in the enduring deficit syndrome. PMID- 3217767 TI - Followup studies of schizophrenia: a comment. AB - This set of articles provides a thoughtful and valuable review of the literature dealing with the findings and implications of long-term followup studies of patients receiving a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The results show clearly that if one starts with a psychotic disorder in a clear sensorium, the followup results may be quite variable. The articles provide, in addition, valuable discussions concerning methods, statistical analyses, and conceptual issues in followup studies. PMID- 3217768 TI - Long-term followup studies: a commentary. AB - Recent followup studies establish that schizophrenia, however defined, is a disease of very variable outcome. Many patients recover completely and improvements can occur after many years. This is difficult to reconcile with the concept of slowly progressive brain disease, and it seems increasingly likely that the neuropathology observed in chronic schizophrenia largely precedes the onset of symptoms. The adverse effect of a hostile or overprotective emotional environment on the prognosis of schizophrenia, and recently reported differences in family environments between industrial and Third World countries, may account for the relatively good outcome of schizophrenia in the latter. Despite its many imperfections, the concept of schizophrenia is unlikely to be abandoned until we have radical new insights into the etiology of the "functional psychoses." PMID- 3217769 TI - Comments on the long-term outcome of schizophrenia. AB - Among the many technical issues dealt with in this symposium, two clinical problems are preeminent--how is schizophrenia defined and what is meant by outcome? Each problem is highly complex. Even given adequate designs, sampling, and analysis, the generalizability of the results depends on the extent to which the diagnostic and outcome criteria are independent of each other and reproducible. The authors amply demonstrate how far we are from achieving such comparability. Schizophrenia, at the moment, is diagnosable only on its manifestations, which can be influenced for better or worse by environmental conditions. Several standardized diagnostic systems are available but they recommend different sets of rules. It is premature, therefore, to speak of a "natural" long-term course. It is even doubtful whether further long-term studies (except perhaps of birth cohorts) should be attempted until more discriminating and reliable methods have been found. Short-term studies, however, focused on specific hypotheses, still hold out promise of yielding fruitful results. PMID- 3217770 TI - The impact of education about schizophrenia on relatives varying in expressed emotion. AB - The demand for information by relatives and the success of family intervention programs with an initial didactic component has resulted in a proliferation of educational interventions in schizophrenia. The present study assesses the impact of a single educational session on relatives of recent-onset schizophrenic patients. Results suggest that relatives who participated in family education experience an increased sense of support from the treatment team and a nearly significant tendency toward a decrease in self-blame regarding the schizophrenic illness. Despite findings in previous studies suggesting information acquisition immediately after education and retention after 6 months, the present study found no information retention after a 2-month period. After family education, relatives rated as high in expressed emotion (EE) reported a significantly increased sense of understanding of the illness and expressed increased feelings of support from the treatment team, whereas low EE relatives did not change significantly in these attitudes as a function of the educational session. Low EE relatives demonstrated more actual information about the illness and were less likely to perceive the symptoms as being done intentionally to bother them. PMID- 3217771 TI - Dichotic listening and recall in schizophrenia and mania. AB - Schizophrenic (n = 20), manic, (n = 16), and normal (n = 16) subjects were examined for their ability to shadow information dichotically and recall it. Text passages were varied in their level of organization and presented in the presence and absence of distraction. Schizophrenic patients were the only subjects affected by the presence of distraction, and this effect was specific to shadowing and not to recall. The severity of positive thought disorder was related to the three shadowing variables in the schizophrenic subjects but not in the manic sample. Closer examination revealed that performance under distraction was specifically related to thought disorder on one variable: the ability to monitor the level of organization in passages that they were shadowing. The implications of these results for research identifying causes and correlates of thought disorder are discussed. PMID- 3217772 TI - First person account: the history and outcome of my encounter with schizophrenia. PMID- 3217773 TI - [56th annual meeting of the Swiss Society of Internal Medicine, jointly with the Clinical Pharmacology Section of the Swiss Society of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Basel, 6./7. May 1988. 1. Proceedings]. PMID- 3217774 TI - [Platelet-associated immunoglobulin G (PAIgG) and circulating immune complexes in asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV-seropositive patients]. AB - Circulating immune complexes and platelet associated immunoglobulins G (PAIgG) were measured in 14 clinically asymptomatic and 9 diseased HIV infected subjects and compared to their platelet counts in the peripheral blood. In both groups, circulating immune complexes were found to be increased even in the presence of normal platelet counts. Increased PAIgG levels were found in symptomatic HIV infected subjects, along with thrombocytopenia. This study indicates that the mere occurrence of circulating immune complexes is an insufficient finding for induction of thrombocytopenia. Either the molecular composition of the complexes is different in both patient groups, or the thrombocytopenia is induced by additional platelet damaging compounds, e.g. specific antiplatelet antibodies induced by the viral infection. PMID- 3217775 TI - [Which are the most frequently occurring enteropathogenic bacteria in clinical practice?]. AB - Diarrhea is an increasingly frequent clinical finding in Swiss medical practice. One reason is the volume of tourism in countries with different climatic and social circumstances. To obtain an overview of the enteropathogenic bacteria spectrum as a cause of diarrhea, we analyzed 11,163 stool specimens from a representative group of patients throughout Switzerland. Enteropathogenic bacteria were found in 15.2% of all specimens; 50% were Campylobacter jejuni/coli, 35% Salmonella spp., 8% Aeromonas hydrophila group, 4% Shigella spp. and 3% Yersinia enterocolitica. This distribution is taken for all age groups and for both sexes. In the infant age there was a maximum evidence of enteropathogenic bacteria of the female sex. In childhood this maximum concerned to the male sex. Patients older than fifty had no positive stool specimens. As expected the most frequent positive stool specimens were in summer. PMID- 3217776 TI - [Plasmapheresis therapy in Guillain-Barre polyneuroradiculitis]. AB - The outcome of Guillain-Barre polyneuritis is not always benign. Since no therapy of proven effectiveness is available and an immunologic etiology is presumed, plasma exchange treatment has been repeatedly used. We report on three patients with severe polyneuritis who were unable to walk. Two were also in acute respiratory failure. All the cases exhibited surprisingly good improvement correlating in time with plasma exchange. A review of the literature suggests that plasma exchange can at least be recommended in severe cases of Guillain Barre acute polyneuritis with inability to walk. Treatment should be started within 1-2 weeks of onset of the disease. PMID- 3217777 TI - [Polycythemia vera: clinical aspects and course in 86 patients]. AB - We analyze symptoms, clinical course, and survival time of 86 patients with polycythemia vera treated between 1966 and 1987 at the medical polyclinic of the University Hospital of Zurich. The mean age of disease onset in 40 men and 46 women studied was 59 years. Most commonly the first symptoms were vertigo and headache (49%) and pain in the extremities (42%). Clinically, plethora was found in half of the cases and 56% showed signs of abnormal arterial and venous circulation. Two thirds of the patients had thromboembolic complications and 40% had hemorrhages chiefly occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. 48% of the patients died after an average survival time of 10 years. The most common cause of death (46%) was acute myelogenous leukemia, followed in 32% by thrombosis and/or embolism and in 7% by death due to hemorrhage. 18 of the 19 leukemia patients were treated with myelosuppressive agents. Patients treated with 32P showed a substantially higher incidence of malignancy than the group of patients not receiving 32P (p less than 0.001). The development of malignancies also seems to be related to the dosage of 32P. Patients who developed malignancies generally received higher doses of 32P (30 vs 20 mCi). Therefore, consistent phlebotomy therapy and restrictive chemotherapy combined with low dosage salicylates appears to be superior to 32P-therapy. PMID- 3217778 TI - [Loco-regional recurrence following surgery of breast carcinoma: prognostic factors and therapeutic consequences]. AB - The course following local relapse after mastectomy was studied prospectively in 225 women. Factors significantly influencing the further course were determined. On the whole the prognosis was relatively good, with a projected 5-year relapse free survival of 47%, a median time interval of 53 months until development of distant metastases, and an estimated death rate of 41% after 5 years. The most important factor influencing the incidence and time interval until appearance of distant metastases is the axillary lymph node status at the time of mastectomy. N0 patients have a much better prognosis than N+ patients in univariate as well as multivariate analysis. Other factors in univariate analysis which play a role in either the incidence of distant metastases or overall survival include estrogen receptor content, site of the local relapse (skin or regional lymph nodes), time interval between mastectomy and the occurrence of the local relapse, and number of tumor nodules in the local relapse. In multivariate analysis virtually the only really independent prognostic factors are primarily the initial axillary lymph node status for survival free of distant metastases and the time interval from mastectomy to local relapse for overall survival. PMID- 3217779 TI - [Plexus lesions, rhabdomyolysis and heroin]. AB - Of five patients admitted to hospital after heroin injection, three had injected heroin exclusively, and two had taken several other drugs orally in addition to heroin. All patients developed severe rhabdomyolysis as well as lesions of the brachial or lumbosacral plexus or both, affecting more than one extremity in three cases. The neurologic symptomatology occurred with variable latency after heroin injection. Additionally, one patient presented a bilateral compartment syndrome in the lower extremities. While CK values normalized within 2-3 weeks, even severe pareses markedly improved within only a few months. Current knowledge of these complications is summarized from the literature and several pathophysiological hypotheses are derived from the present case histories. In the light of theoretical considerations and our own observations of comparable clinical features in patients who had not consumed opiates, the question arises whether the syndrome is heroin specific or not. PMID- 3217780 TI - [Comparison of fructosamine and Hba1c for the evaluation of metabolic control of diabetic patients]. AB - Fructosamine values, and the influence thereon of age, BMI and sex, were determined in 384 nondiabetic individuals aged between 20 and 95 years. In this control group mean F levels were 2.45 +/- 0.25 mmol/l and were age-related only, rising from 2.3 in the second decade to 2.6 in the eighth. We compared F and HbA1c in 135 diabetic patients. F correlated with HbA1c in the diabetic group (r = 0.76, p less than 0.001). Because of its biological properties fructosamine could become a useful pointer in the metabolic follow-up of diabetic patients, especially where clinic visits are frequent. PMID- 3217781 TI - [McArdle disease: differential diagnosis of the increase in creatine kinase induced by the exercise test]. AB - In a Turkish couple presenting atypical precordial pain, muscle pain and a massive increase of creatine kinase during and one day after bicycle ergometry, suspicion of McArdle's disease was confirmed by a pathologic ischemic forearm worktest, a pathologic serial stimulation test and by pathologic glycogen content with lack of myophosphorylase activity on histochemical examination of thigh muscle tissue. Characteristic signs of McArdle's disease such as muscle weakness, muscle pain and muscle swelling, especially after exertion, were detected only after specific questioning of the patients. McArdle's disease was also detected by phosphor nuclear resonance in the two male children. Frequent consanguinity in the small isolated mountain village where the family originated explains why all four members of two generations are affected by the autosomal recessive disease. PMID- 3217783 TI - Truth or consequences? PMID- 3217782 TI - [Endarterectomy using a Simpson catheter in arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs]. AB - Treatment of arterial stenoses by the Simpson atherectomy catheter is carried out by resecting the atheroma. A rotating cutter housed in a cylindrical chamber with a lateral opening is applied against the arterial wall by a low-pressure balloon. Several cuts are made until a large enough diameter of arterial lumen is obtained. We report the results in the first 6 patients treated by this technique using 7F and 9F catheters. All had short (less than 2 cm) and narrow (greater than or equal to 70%) stenoses of iliac, superficial femoral or popliteal arteries. To reduce the stenoses to 30% or less, 4 to 11 cuts were necessary. Histological study of the fragments was performed. The result was inadequate in the only case of stenotic iliac artery and we proceeded with balloon dilatation. The small fragments obtained in this particular case were very hard and calcified. 4 patients with claudication (superficial femoral or popliteal stenosis) were asymptomatic after treatment, whereas one patient suffering from Burger's disease with acral necrotic lesions did not benefit from the procedure in spite of a good morphological result. No complication was encountered. This efficient technique is especially indicated in short segmental stenoses of femoro popliteal or possibly iliac arteries. It avoids the usual intimal cracks associated with balloon angioplasty and produces a smooth surface whose long term benefit has still to be demonstrated. PMID- 3217784 TI - So long, lefty. PMID- 3217786 TI - Patent medicine. PMID- 3217785 TI - Testing sales. Will business grow for DNA-probe tests? PMID- 3217787 TI - Thrilled to the marrow. PMID- 3217788 TI - All fall down. PMID- 3217789 TI - Civilian casualties from counterforce attacks. PMID- 3217790 TI - Chemical synthesis and cloning of secretin gene. AB - A DNA duplex coding for the 27 amino acids of secretin has been synthesized and cloned. In designing the sequence of the gene, computer analysis has been applied. The following factors have been considered: selection of codon usage in favour of expression in yeast; design of various sites useful in gene cloning, gene modification and expressed product purification; avoiding the repeat sequences which may interfere in the ligation of the synthetic fragments. The synthesis involved preparation of 12 oligodeoxyribonucleotides (12-mer to 24-mer in length) by phosphate triester and phosphite triester method, purification by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A new plasmid pWS1 was constructed by insertion of the enzymatic ligated gene fragment into plasmid pWR13. PMID- 3217791 TI - Biological function of modified nucleotides in tRNA molecules--synthesis and biological activity of the analogues of yeast alanyl tRNA with I34 replaced by A34 or G34. AB - Analogues of yeast alanyl tRNA with I34 replaced by A34 or G34 were synthesized. Synthetic analogues of yeast alanyl tRNT occupy the same position as the natural yeast alanyl tRNA on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their purity is about 95% after electrophoresis on a 10% or 20% polyacrylamide gel. The two terminal and nearest neighbour nucleotides of the analogues are all correct. The accepting activity of the synthetic analogues is similar to that of the reconstituted natural yeast alanyl tRNA. The incorporation activity of alanine into proteins of the synthetic analogues is about 30% of that of the natural of reconstituted natural yeast alanyl tRNA when I34 is replaced by A, and is 90% when I34 is replaced by G. The reason of the variation in biological function of the analogues of yeast alanyl tRNA after I34 replaced by A or G was discussed. PMID- 3217792 TI - G-banded chromosome analyses of mucosal epithelium adjacent to esophageal cancer (EC)--some consistent chromosomal changes. AB - G-banded chromosomes of primary cultures taken from mucosal epithelium adjacent to esophageal cancer (EC) were first analyzed. Consistent chromosomal changes, i.e. marker chromosomes, appeared in 2 of seven specimens of esophageal epithelium. Some of the marker chromosomes are very similar to those found in EC8501 cell line. These results imply that the cytogenetic analyses of the mucosal epithelium adjacent to EC may detect the numerical and structural chromosome aberrations occurring at the very beginning of carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelium. PMID- 3217793 TI - Experimental study of invasion and metastasis of cancer cells and establishment of the morphological pattern in the process of invasion and metastatic models of cancer cells. AB - For the study of invasion of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo methods were used to observe the invasion process and morphological characteristics of tumor cells. The different animal tumor cells and cell lines from human tumors were used. The process of cancer cells in vitro invasion can be divided into 5 stages. We suggest that filopodia protruding from the tumor cell margin seem to play an important role in the initiation of cell invasion. For experimental study of cancer metastasis we established three spontaneous metastatic models, including spontaneous lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis of mouse uterine cervix carcinoma No 14(U14) and No 27(U27), and third spontaneous lung metastasis in mouse forestomach carcinoma (FC). Two tumor cell lines are established: One is MFC cell line which is derived from FC tumor; second cell line is MUCC which is derived from the U27 tumor. These metastasis models and their cell lines are very useful for studying the mechanism of metastasis, tumor heterogenicity and antimetastatic agents of tumor. The results are discussed. PMID- 3217794 TI - Patient perspectives on the family. PMID- 3217795 TI - Renal oncocytoma. PMID- 3217797 TI - Survey report: salary, benefits and working conditions of South Dakota nurses. PMID- 3217796 TI - Adding life to your years. PMID- 3217798 TI - Proud to care. PMID- 3217799 TI - The dignity of nursing. PMID- 3217800 TI - A review of peripheral tuberculous arthritis. AB - There is a clear difference between TB infection and TB. Transition from the former to the latter involves host factors and perhaps environmental elements. Currently, more individuals with immunosuppressive situations caused by aging, debilitating diseases, immunosuppressive therapies, and HIV-III infection are predisposed to secondary forms of TB. Different patterns of clinical presentation, at variance with those previously described, could result from these changes in the host. PTBA is a good example. In the present review of 52 patients, we found that patient age is rising, as has been reported in other western countries. We also found that oligoarthritis and involvement of non weight-bearing joints is becoming more common. From the diagnostic point of view, histological studies and cultures of synovial tissue remain the most reliable tests. Awareness of these factors, recognition of changing patterns, proper use of diagnostic procedures, and early treatment should improve the outcome of patients. PMID- 3217801 TI - [Total endoprosthesis in femoral neck fracture in the elderly. An analysis of 284 cases]. PMID- 3217803 TI - [Shortening osteotomy with secure rotation]. PMID- 3217802 TI - [The dynamic hip screw. The solution to all fracture problems in the area of the trochanteric femur?]. PMID- 3217804 TI - [Form and dimension of the bone marrow cavity of the human femur with reference to the fit of intramedullary implants]. PMID- 3217805 TI - [Frequent neurologic decisions following craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 3217806 TI - [Isolated duodenal rupture caused by blunt abdominal trauma]. PMID- 3217807 TI - Chemotherapy for advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung: the Copenhagen study and review of the literature. AB - The Copenhagen Lung Cancer Study Group conducted a prospective randomized trial comparing three chemotherapy regimens: (A) vindesine (VDS) 4 mg/m2 IV weekly X 8, then every second week; (B) lomustine (CCNU) 70 mg/m2 orally, cyclophosphamide (CTX) 1000 mg/m2 IV every 4 weeks, methotrexate (MTX) 20 mg/m2 orally days 15 and 18 of each course; and (C) CCNU + CTX + MTX + VDS in the same schedule as above, but with lower doses of CCNU (50 mg/m2), CTX (750 mg/m2), and VDS (2 mg/m2). Two hundred fifty-nine patients were accrued with unresectable adenocarcinoma-type non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); 218 were evaluable for response. Overall response rates on the chemotherapy arms were: (A) 22%, (B) 23%, and (C) 27%. Median survival rates were: 29 weeks, (B) 29 weeks, and (C) 34 weeks. Peripheral neuropathy was the major toxicity in arm A, and myelosuppression in arms B and C. The independent influence of 27 pretreatment variables were analyzed by the Cox multivariate regression model, which revealed that six have prognostic impact: performance status, nonradical resection, liver metastases, serum LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), WBC (white blood count), and serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase). The data clearly demonstrate prognostic variables in this disease and emphasize the need for better chemotherapy. PMID- 3217808 TI - The biology of heme I. PMID- 3217809 TI - Intelligence and family size reconsidered. PMID- 3217810 TI - Within- and across-group dating in Hawaii. PMID- 3217811 TI - Fifty years of Canadian Jewish mortality. PMID- 3217812 TI - The Health Orientation Scale: a measure of feelings about sickle cell trait. PMID- 3217813 TI - Socioeconomic determinants of fertility: selected Mexican regions, 1976-1977. PMID- 3217814 TI - A note on the consistency of life tables for total populations with those for their subpopulations. PMID- 3217815 TI - Performed and refused vasectomy: a decade of waning popularity and increasing awareness of safety. PMID- 3217816 TI - Stability of genetic determination from age 2 to age 9: a longitudinal twin study. PMID- 3217817 TI - Changes in contraceptive use and fertility: Panama, 1976 to 1984. PMID- 3217818 TI - Effects of family configuration variables on reported indices of parental power among Iranian adolescents. PMID- 3217820 TI - Strategies for vaccine development and utilization. PMID- 3217819 TI - Duration between marriage and first birth and marital instability. PMID- 3217821 TI - An update on diarrhoeal diseases in Malaysia. AB - Analysis of diarrhoeal disease patterns in Malaysia from 1981-1986 suggested that infectious hepatitis ranked as the most predominant diarrhoeal disease followed by typhoid, food poisoning, dysentery and cholera. Although these five major food and water-borne diseases are still endemic in this country, diarrhoeal diseases per se no longer become an important public health problem in Malaysia. Enforcement of the cholera control program brought the incidence of the disease to a minimal. Unfortunately, this fatal form of diarrhoeal disease caused the greatest mortality compared to the others. Seasonal influence also played a part in controlling the occurrence of the disease. There was a preponderance of diarrhoeal diseases during the rainy season implicating contaminated water as a source of transmission. Although greater than half of the population has been supplied with piped water and sanitary latrines, a lot more has to be done before diarrhoeal diseases could be eliminated from this country. PMID- 3217822 TI - The current status of cholera vaccine development and experience with cholera vaccine trials in volunteers. AB - In recent years notable advances have been made in the development of improved vaccines to prevent cholera. These new vaccines are administered orally to maximally stimulate intestinal secretory immunity. Killed vibrios, given in conjunction with purified B subunit or administered alone, in three spaced doses, caused no adverse reactions and have conferred significant protection in volunteer challenge studies and in field trials. Two attenuated mutants of V. cholerae, prepared by recombinant DNA techniques, CVD 103 and CVD 103-HgR are well-tolerated and elicit prominent immune responses and protective immunity after ingestion of a single oral dose. Other modern approaches being pursued include the development of auxotrophic strains and of modifying attenuated S. typhi strain Ty21a to express V. cholerae Inaba and Ogawa LPS antigens. PMID- 3217823 TI - Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh. PMID- 3217824 TI - Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of oral cholera vaccine in Thai volunteers. PMID- 3217825 TI - Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever in Malaysia. PMID- 3217826 TI - Dengue haemorrhagic fever in Thailand, 1987. AB - In 1987, situation of DHF in Thailand was the worst for the past 30 years. There were 152,840 cases and 785 deaths from the preliminary report. The incidence was highest ever reported. Outbreak begun early in January and reached its peak in July. All 73 provinces were affected except six provinces which had incidence of less than 60 per 100,000 population. The highest attack rates were in school children, especially 5-9 year olds. Virus isolation in a north-eastern province recovered Den-3 and Den-2 more common than other serotypes. Although a large outbreak in 1987 is unlikely to happen in 1988 but with the endemic areas all over the country there is a potential for small outbreaks to occur. The Ministry of Public Health needs new approaches and increased resources to control this disease. PMID- 3217827 TI - Development of the second generation Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine. AB - Recent analysis of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus genome RNA, especially its nucleotide sequence, revealed the localization of virion envelope glycoprotein (E) gene on the virus genome. Since the E protein is the major protective antigen related with the virus neutralization, attempts have been made to produce the second generation JE vaccine by expressing the E protein using recombinant DNA technologies. These studies will eventually lead to control JE by mass vaccination in several Asian countries where JE is one of the major public health problems. PMID- 3217828 TI - Leprosy control in Indonesia. PMID- 3217829 TI - Leprosy situation in Thailand. AB - The prevalence rate of leprosy in Thailand was approximately 5 per 1,000 in 1953. Specialized leprosy control programme was first launched in 1956 in Khon-Kaen Province and gradually expanded to cover the whole country in 1972. After successful control, it has been partially integrated in provincial health services in 1971 and fully integrated into primary health care system in 1976. Effective case finding in combination with chemotherapy using WHO multidrug therapy regimen and health education have brought about a decline in the prevalence of the disease to only 0.537 per 1,000 in 1987. However, the estimated prevalence rate by random survey is approximately twice the number of registered cases. Reduction in number of lepromatous leprosy patients, particularly the new cases, decrease in number of patients with deformities caused by leprosy and increased number of patients who voluntarily came to attend at the treatment centres imply the successful control at a certain level. It is then justified to aim at the goal of eradication of leprosy by combination of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis with antileprosy vaccines in the future. PMID- 3217830 TI - [Primary health care]. PMID- 3217831 TI - [Implementation of primary health care in Mexico]. PMID- 3217832 TI - [Underemployment and unemployment among physicians in urban areas of Mexico]. PMID- 3217833 TI - [Perspectives on maternal and neonatal health in Portugal]. PMID- 3217834 TI - [Integration of teaching, service and research in the health area]. PMID- 3217835 TI - [Consolidation of the decentralization process in health services]. PMID- 3217836 TI - [Primary implantation of an artificial joint in amputation injuries of the hand]. PMID- 3217838 TI - [Cryofixation during radical surgery in melanoblastoma]. PMID- 3217837 TI - [7 years' experience with craniofacial surgery in children]. PMID- 3217839 TI - [Use of myocutaneous flaps in the treatment of decubitus ulcer]. PMID- 3217840 TI - [Long-term experience with 2-stage surgery of cleft palate in total unilateral and bilateral clefts from the aspect of maxillary development]. PMID- 3217841 TI - [Personal experience with dermolipectomy of the abdominal wall]. PMID- 3217842 TI - [New approaches in resuscitation of burn shock]. PMID- 3217843 TI - [Liver complications in severely burned children]. PMID- 3217844 TI - [Epidemiology of burns and the use of computer technics]. PMID- 3217845 TI - [Topical chemotherapy in the surgical treatment of recurrent skin carcinoma]. PMID- 3217846 TI - [Use of a distraction apparatus in surgery of the hand]. PMID- 3217847 TI - [Covering a skin defect using a bilobed flap transfer]. PMID- 3217848 TI - [Partial mastectomy in juvenile hypertrophy of the breast]. PMID- 3217849 TI - A new instrument for mercury vapor evacuation during clinical work with dental amalgam. AB - Clinical work with dental amalgam, cutting as well as filling and polishing operations, results in an increased level of mercury vapor in the breathing zone of the patient and often also in that of the dentist. The mercury levels can be minimized by the use of a high volume evacuator which is handled by the nurse. Since many dentists cannot count upon continuous chairside assistance during work with dental amalgam a new instrument, combining the functions of a common dental mirror and an evacuator has been developed. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the mercury vapor evacuating capacity of the new instrument. The study was carried out in a model box especially designed for the in vitro tests performed. The amount of mercury in an area representing the patient's breathing zone was recorded directly and indirectly using an equipment based on atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the new instrument has the capacity for substantially reducing the mercury levels during filling, polishing and cutting amalgam. Thereby the short transitory exposure to mercury vapor during certain working moments can be reduced which should be beneficial both to the patient and to the dental staff. PMID- 3217850 TI - Elemental imaging of dental hard tissues by secondary ion mass spectrometry. AB - High resolution imaging by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been employed in a chemical-microstructural pilot study of different classes of hard tissues from human and rat. The special scanning ion microprobe instrumentation permitted the recording of element-resolved images with a lateral resolution of about 50 nm. Sharp distribution micrographs were obtained for Ca+, F- and CN-, and in selected specimens for Na+, K+, Mg+, O-, Cl-, C- and PO-. Several trends in the elemental kinetics of mineralization were comprehensively illustrated and new aspects were indicated. The paper points out the broad scope of interest, and the potentialities of unique applications, in SIMS imaging of biomineralized tissues, the conditions for efficient employment of the recently developed technique are briefly discussed and demonstrated. PMID- 3217851 TI - Increased (L+)-lactic acid production in lysozyme-inactivated suspensions of human dental plaque. AB - The effect of lysozyme-inactivation on L(+)-lactic acid (LA) production in dental plaque suspensions was evaluated. From 10 children 24-h plaque was collected and lysozyme activity inhibited by addition of goat antiserum to human lysozyme. Acid production was stimulated by addition of glucose. The results showed significantly increased LA levels (50-150%) in lysozyme-inactivated plaque suspensions from 8 of the subjects compared to untreated controls. The increase in acid production activity was not related to plaque lysozyme levels. The findings indicate that the presence of lysozyme may be limiting on acid production in the early dental plaque. PMID- 3217853 TI - [Drug information. An agent for the optimal inhalation of asthma drugs]. PMID- 3217854 TI - [Nurses' proposal on pooled revenue sorted out]. PMID- 3217852 TI - [Nursing duty in Tivoli. Interview by Mette-Marie Davidsen]. PMID- 3217855 TI - [Parliament. This is how we will save on the national health budget]. PMID- 3217856 TI - [Continuing education in colleges? Yes, but not now!]. PMID- 3217857 TI - [Psychiatry. English psychiatric nurses evidently receive a better education]. PMID- 3217858 TI - [Psychotherapy is like a path which will be travelled until there is a good wheeltrack]. PMID- 3217859 TI - [Russian roulette and patient research]. PMID- 3217860 TI - [Information and freedom of choice in breast cancer]. PMID- 3217861 TI - [Nursing/cardiology. The aftermath of a heart disease is full of needs and problems]. PMID- 3217862 TI - [Breast cancer. Methods in intensely criticized research project]. PMID- 3217863 TI - [Cholesterol esterase activity of blood monocytes and the main risk factors of ischemic heart disease in men aged 20-59]. AB - Changes in the activity of blood monocytic cholesterol esterase in men with major CHD risk factors (dyslipoproteinemia, arterial hypertension, excessive body mass) were described. Standard methods of epidemiological survey and a radionuclide method to determine cholesterol esterase activity applied to a representative sampling (195 persons) have shown that enzymatic activity was growing with age. In examinees with hyperlipoproteinemia of type IIa and IIb the activity of cholesterol esterase was decreased, and in persons with excessive body mass it was increased. In combination of 2-3 CHD risk factors significant differences in enzymatic activity were undetectable. PMID- 3217864 TI - [Functional state of the sinus node and several indices of anterograde conduction in patients with bradysystolic forms of cardiac arrhythmia]. PMID- 3217865 TI - [Change in lipid peroxidation in patients with primary osteoarthrosis deformans]. AB - The content of blood lipid peroxidation products was studied in 62 patients with primary degenerative osteoarthrosis. High concentrations of malonic dialdehyde and acylhydroperoxide were revealed in multiple involvement of the joints, in the presence of reactive synovitis, and at the initial stage of disease. Enhanced lipid peroxidation reflected antioxidant deficiency. Antioxidants were recommended for the correction of disturbed lipid peroxidation in degenerative osteoarthrosis. Vitamin E (antioxidant of direct action) at a dose of 100 mg/day as part of multimodality therapy caused a decrease in the blood level of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E was indicated in multiple involvement of the joints and reactive synovitis at the initial stage of degenerative osteoarthrosis. PMID- 3217866 TI - [Correlation between drug and surgical methods of treatment of diffuse toxic goiter (15 years of experience of the endocrinology service of Chelyabinsk oblast]. PMID- 3217868 TI - [Some considerations on the diagnostic value of various methods of recognition of adrenal tumors]. PMID- 3217867 TI - [The role of endoscopic study in the diagnosis of precancerous gastric pathology and identification of a risk group]. AB - The results of endoscopic diagnosis and case follow-up of 686 patients with precancerous gastric conditions usually identified as a risk group (chronic gastritis, polyps, peptic ulcer, conditions following distal stomach resections) have shown that in patients with symptoms of epithelial dysplasia of gastric mucosa indices of cancer detectability significantly exceeded those in similar pathological conditions without symptoms of epithelial dysplasia. They were 22.0 +/- 2.5% and 2.5 +/- 0.8%, respectively; indices of stage I stomach cancer detectability were 9.9 +/- 1.8% and 0.2 +/- 0.2%, respectively. Patients with precancerous stomach diseases with moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia found in their gastric biopsies, should be attributed to a risk group, and these changes of gastric mucosa must be regarded as the main criterion for the identification of such a group. PMID- 3217869 TI - [Diagnosis of drug allergy under industrial conditions]. AB - A regular medical examination of 234 workers at a chemical pharmaceutical factory was performed. Skin rash, rhinitis and bronchospasm were detected in 7.3% of the examinees. A microthermal method was applied to 69 workers engaged in antibiotic production. In 26% the results were conditionally positive, in 7.6%--sharply positive. Preclinical diagnosis of drug allergy under occupational conditions made it possible to consider properly the problems of effective employment of the workers preserving their working capacity. PMID- 3217870 TI - [Urgent problems of occupational pathology]. PMID- 3217871 TI - [Various problems of thyroidology]. PMID- 3217872 TI - [Improvement in the training of interns in endocrinology]. PMID- 3217873 TI - [Two-dimensional parameter of the kinetics of glucose (rho-criterion) in the assessment of the efficacy and prognosis of therapy of diabetes mellitus]. AB - The authors describe the results of i. v. GTT in 10 patients with diabetes mellitus before and after a course of hyperbaric oxygenation, in 5 of them the test was repeated. The results of the test were processed with the help of a new type of model of glucose kinetics based on the production of glucose by the liver and its elimination in the test. A new quantitative criterion (the so-called rho criterion) of a degree of carbohydrate metabolic derangement was introduced for diabetic patients. Its calculation before and after a course of HBO permitted reliable quantitative assessment of the efficacy of sugar lowering therapy in such patients. The new method permitted the assessment of the production of glucose by the liver and the rate of its elimination in i.v. GTT. The mechanism of HBO-action was unraveled (the suppression of glucose production by the liver). Examples of 2 patients with type II diabetes mellitus have demonstrated the efficacy of the rho-criterion in the prediction of a sugar lowering effect of antidiabetic tablets in serious clinical situations. PMID- 3217874 TI - [Oxygen supply and physical working capacity in patients with diabetes mellitus]. AB - Proceeding from a study of oxygen supply of lower limb tissue (pO2 in polarography, oximetry in the capillary and venous blood), external respiratory indices on Spirolyte and acid-base balance on a Corning microgas analyzer in 72 patients aged under and over 40 with diabetes mellitus with compensation and decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism, correlation between a decrease in physical working capacity and disorder of tissue oxygen supply (resulting from the reduction of CVS potentialities and appearance or progression of circulatory and tissue hypoxia) was revealed. These changes were accompanied by a compensatory decrease in the level of standard bicarbonates and pCO2. PMID- 3217875 TI - [Desynchronization of circadian rhythms of the oxygen balance in the tissues and rheological properties of the blood in type I diabetes mellitus]. AB - Circadian rhythms of tissue oxygen balance and blood rheological properties were investigated in 40 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The syndrome of blood hyperviscosity determined by a rise of the level of packed cell volume and blood viscosity developed in decompensation of diabetes mellitus, resulting in desynchronization of packed cell volume. Blood viscosity rhythm was preserved but fluctuation ranges were sharply on an increase. Tissue oxygen balance disorders were manifested in the development of tissue hypoxia leading to rhythm desynchronization. Progression of the above disorders were noted in parallel with growing severity of disease. Compensation of diabetes mellitus was accompanied by moderate hyperviscosity and disappearance of tissue hypoxia in the morning. Fluctuation rhythm of all studied indices returned to normal with the exception of packed cell volume. Preserved blood hyperviscosity and increasing tissue hypoxia at night indicated stable disturbance of hemorheological properties and tissue oxygen balance. These disorders could lead to the development of another decompensation of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3217876 TI - [The role of the system of hemostasis in the development of vascular lesions in diabetes mellitus]. AB - The examination of 179 patients with diabetes mellitus has shown that the mechanisms of vascular wall damage and changes in the system of hemostasis are different in type I and II diabetes mellitus. In type I diabetes mellitus vascular wall damages are associated with carbohydrate metabolic derangements, changes in the platelet link of hemostasis and blood coagulation system. In type II diabetes mellitus vascular wall damages are associated with lipid metabolic derangements and changes in the erythrocytic link of hemostasis. PMID- 3217877 TI - [Characteristics of disturbances in the hemostasis system in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with angiopathies of the vessels of the lower extremities]. AB - Indices of the system of hemostasis, the levels of glycolysated hemoglobin were studied in 67 patients suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with lower limb angiopathies (aged 40 to 60). Rheovasography of the lower limbs was performed. The patients were treated with antidiabetic drugs per os (with the exception of hydroxydione sodium succinate), platelet aggregation inhibitors (pentoxifylline, acetylsalicylic acid) and vasodilators (xanthinol nicotinate, solcoseryl and cinnarizine). The use of pentoxifylline after therapy increased the rate of platelet aggregation inhibition and decreased the prothrombin index, not influencing the other indices of the system of hemostasis. Pentoxifylline combined with acetylsalicylic acid at small doses normalized not only platelet indices but also the other indices of the system of hemostasis. Positive changes in the system of hemostasis were accompanied by a rise of the rheographic index in patients with vascular functional changes. In obliterating atherosclerosis the rheographic index was not on an increase indicating the necessity of corrective therapy of vascular lesions, first of all in the system of hemostasis, in the early period of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3217878 TI - [Status of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. AB - Disorder of function of the hypothalamus-thyroid system in patients with diffuse toxic goiter is accompanied by change of the hormonal activity of the hypothalamohypophyseal-adrenocortical and hypothalamohypophyseal-ovarian systems. It is particularly marked in persons with heredity aggravated by thyroid diseases or/and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3217880 TI - [Lipids of blood and erythrocyte membranes in healthy persons and in patients with diffuse toxic goiter, residing in the European North of the USSR]. AB - A study of the blood plasma content of total cholesterol in 575 healthy persons and 675 patients with diffuse toxic goiter (DTG), and the content of total lipids and triglycerides in 52 healthy persons and 132 DTG patients showed the development of adaptation hyperlipidemia in persons living long in the North. It was preserved in DTG patients irrespective of the gravity of thyrotoxicosis, stages of its therapy and the patients' age. Basing on the analysis of the level of lipid indices of erythrocytic membrane malonic dialdehyde and their refractoriness to peroxide hemolysis in 52 healthy persons and 53 DTG patients, a conclusion was made of excessive stable activation of lipid peroxidation biomembranes which can underlie the development of visceral complications. PMID- 3217881 TI - [Concentration of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in the blood of patients with chronic pancreatitis]. AB - Concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), reflecting the thyroid status, and thyrotropin, a hormone of the anterior pituitary were investigated in 123 patients with exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis. T3 and T4 levels were considerably decreased, and a TSH level was raised (P less than 0.001). By the end of therapy the latter was markedly decreased, and T3 and T4 concentrations showed a rising tendency. The greatest changes in the levels of the thyroid hormones were observed in patients with a marked decrease in pancreatic excretory function. PMID- 3217879 TI - [Several aspects of the pathogenesis of disturbances of hemostasis in patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. AB - Components of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood and some hemostatic indices were studied in parallel in 32 patients with diffuse toxic goiter. A decrease in the levels of prekallikrein, kininogen, the activity of kallikrein and kininase inhibitors in the blood plasma of the examinees resulted in raised activity of the kallikrein-kinin system in decompensated thyrotoxicosis. Hemostatic changes were characterized by signs of chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation. It was shown that kinin formation and blood coagulation were correlated. A certain parallelism in the increment of the activity of the kinin system and disorders of hemocoagulation was noted with an increase in a degree of severity of thyrotoxicosis. A tendency to improved indices was also noted after thyrostatic therapy. PMID- 3217882 TI - [Success of a parlodel test in the differential diagnosis of syndromes of disturbed prolactin secretion]. AB - Altogether 33 women with various forms of the syndrome of hyperprolactinemia (hypophyseal adenoma, idiopathic disorders of prolactin secretion--PL, and normoprolactinemic galactorrhea) and 6 controls were investigated. An acute parlodel test at a dose of 5 mg with subsequent determination of the blood levels of PL and TSH was performed in 2 and 4 h after drug administration. The most noticeable disorders in the dopaminergic regulation of pituitary activity were observed in pituitary adenomas which were characterized by a dramatically disturbed response of PL and TSH to parlodel. In hyperprolactinemia of nontumorous genesis PL and and TSH secretion in tests was also changed. The parlodel test seems to be a valuable method for differential diagnosis of the syndrome of disturbed PL secretion. PMID- 3217883 TI - [Lymphoma of the Mediterranean type and heavy chain disease]. PMID- 3217884 TI - [Treatment and prognosis of recurrences of lymphosarcoma]. AB - Short- and long-term results of various methods of chemotherapy of 547 adult lymphosarcoma patients with tumor recurrences were analyzed. Therapeutic tactics and prognosis were determined mainly by a morphological type of lymphosarcomas. PMID- 3217885 TI - [Polyamines as a prognostic criterion of the duration of clinico-hematologic remission in acute leukemia in children]. AB - The authors reported the results of retrospective analysis of the level of polyamines in urine and the duration of clinicohematological remission in 25 AL children aged 3 to 14. Of this number 23 patients suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 2--from acute myeloblastic leukemia. Direct correlation between polyamine changes during a course of chemotherapy and the duration of remission was established. Longer duration was observed in the patients in whom a 2-fold rise of the level of all polyamines, especially spermidine, followed the administration of a cytostatic within the first 24-72 h. On the discontinuation of therapy a certain decrease in polyamine excretion with urine was observed in these children as compared to the level determined on their admission to hospital. PMID- 3217887 TI - [Current problems of the early diagnosis of oncological diseases]. PMID- 3217886 TI - [Intensity of industrial noise and the incidence of arterial hypertension (according to data from a prospective epidemiological study of organized female populations in Moscow]. AB - A prospective epidemiological study of women at textile mills (a study group) working under the conditions of intense industrial noise (85-105 dBA) and at bakeries without such noise (a control group) was conducted. In the study group 353 (80%) women and 450 (71%) controls were repeatedly examined after 4.9 and 4.2 yrs, respectively. In the presence of such factors as borderline AH, smoking, aggravated heredity with respect to AH, MI and cerebral stroke, noise increased 3 fold, on an average, the risk of AH development as compared to its absence. Therefore noise can be defined as a "decisive" factor for the action of other AH risk factors. PMID- 3217888 TI - [Prevalence of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease and their risk factors in geologists in various regions of the USSR]. AB - The authors presented the results of an epidemiological survey conducted simultaneously for the first time among persons of geological professions in order to reveal the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) and coronary heart disease (CHD) with account of labor intensity, climatic and geographic factors. Altogether 1041 men were examined in 4 regions: in Vorkuta (a trans-polar region), Ukhta (a northern region), Chita and the Central region. The highest AH prevalence was detected in Vorkuta (27.4%), the lowest--in the Central region; the highest CHD prevalence was noted in Ukhta, the lowest--in Vorkuta. As for labor intensity, persons whose work was characterized by psychologic stress, suffered from AH and CHD more frequently. Significant differences in the prevalence of these diseases were revealed among managers and employees. PMID- 3217889 TI - [Prevalence of ischemic heart disease and its risk factors among Tuva cattle breeders]. AB - A simultaneous comprehensive epidemiological survey of 1198 cattle-breeders was conducted in central and southern Tuva. CHD in men was diagnosed in 11.1%, in women in 24.0% (all of them aged 20 to 69). Changes in the end part of the ventricular complex were more common, particularly in women. Arrhythmia and angina of effort were very rare. Functional ECG tests (including propranolol, piridamole, bicycle ergometry) brought about negative results with relation to CHD. Positive correlation was shown between CHD prevalence and AH frequency, negative correlation--between CHD prevalence and smoking frequency. Rare excessive body mass and fat metabolic derangements probably accounted for the absence of correlation of these indices with CHD frequency. A high AH frequency was revealed in men (12.3%) and women (28.8%). Left ventricular hypertrophy was noted in 25.8% of men, of them raised BP was noted in 36.6% only; in women these figures were 12.7 and over 50%, respectively. Some peculiarities of the epidemiology of CHD and its risk factors in Tuva indicated a high frequency of noncoronarogenic myocardial pathology, rare occurrence of CHD, and low specificity of the Minnesota code criteria for the detection of this disease in the population under study. PMID- 3217890 TI - [Comparative assessment of stress electrocardiographic and echocardiographic tests in the diagnosis of insufficiency of the coronary circulation]. AB - Altogether 29 patients (14 with a characteristic clinical picture of CHD, 6 with probable angina and 9 with nonischemic cardialgia) were investigated by methods of two-dimensional echocardiography (echoCG) at rest and in combination with isometric exercise and left atrial transesophageal pacing test (LATPT) as well as by electrocardiographic exercise tests (bicycle ergometry testing and LATPT). EchCG exercise tests were conducted in most of the examinees (96.6%) whereas bicycle ergometry results were obtained in 75.9% of the patients (p less than 0.05). A significantly higher frequency of positive results of echoCG exercise tests in patients with typical CHD as compared to electrocardiographic exercise tests, and significantly high correlation of the results of the combination of echoCG with isometric exercise and echoCG with a degree of the pain syndrome in the heart area were revealed. The results obtained made it possible to recommend echoCG exercise tests for the diagnosis of coronary insufficiency. PMID- 3217891 TI - Systematic palpation of the neck. PMID- 3217892 TI - Dermatology for the dentist. PMID- 3217894 TI - Oral cancer: a preventable disease? PMID- 3217893 TI - Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer: Part One; A practical approach. PMID- 3217895 TI - Smoking: the dentist's responsibility. PMID- 3217896 TI - AIDS, OSHA and self determination. PMID- 3217897 TI - PAID DENTAL: a viable alternative to capitation/closed panel plans. PMID- 3217898 TI - Biopsy: who, when, where? PMID- 3217900 TI - "Occurrence" vs. "claims-made" professional liability coverage. PMID- 3217899 TI - New drugs from 1987. PMID- 3217901 TI - The peer review process. PMID- 3217902 TI - Solid organ transplantation affects all physicians. PMID- 3217903 TI - Hospital-based organ retrieval: impact of an organ procurement organization. PMID- 3217904 TI - Childhood hearing loss. PMID- 3217905 TI - Cryptosporidia: a significant cause of epidemic diarrhea in Texas. PMID- 3217906 TI - Organ donation and transplantation--what every physician should know. PMID- 3217908 TI - Vulture with a heart. PMID- 3217907 TI - Managed care and the practicing physician. PMID- 3217909 TI - [Anatomic basis of shoulder and arm pain]. PMID- 3217910 TI - [Brachialgia of radicular origin aand its treatment]. PMID- 3217911 TI - [Pseudoradicular shoulder and arm pain and brachialgia due to stress]. PMID- 3217912 TI - [Shoulder and arm syndrome from an orthopedic-traumatologic viewpoint]. PMID- 3217913 TI - Plasma and urinary heparin cofactor II levels in patients with nephrotic syndrome. AB - Heparin cofactor II (HC II) levels were measured by electroimmunoassay in plasmas and urines from 68 patients with nephrotic syndrome. In addition, antithrombin III (AT III) and protein C (PC) activities and antigens were measured also in the same group of patients. Seven of these patients had histories of thrombosis. Plasma HC II levels (mean +/- SD 105 +/- 43) were not different from levels in healthy subjects (94 +/- 17). Only 5 patients had low plasma levels of HC II. None of the patients with thrombosis had low HC II levels. Even though measurable amounts of HC II were found in 25 urines from 50 patients. There was a relationship in the urinary excretion between HC II and AT III and their urinary clearances were quite similar. However, no correlation was found between plasma HC II and AT III levels, and levels of AT III activity and antigen were significantly lower than in healthy subjects. Three patients with histories of thrombosis had low AT III levels. Most patients (including those with thrombosis histories) had high plasma PC levels and increased urinary loss. It is suggested that HC II does not play an important role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3217914 TI - Functional assays of protein C: comparison of two snake-venom assays with two thrombin assays. AB - Protein C (PC) activities measured by two thrombin-based assays have been compared with those obtained by two assays based on snake venom activation of plasma PC followed by measurement of both the amidolytic and anticoagulant activities of activated PC. This study indicates that snake venom assays gave results similar to those of the thrombin assays in 20 healthy subjects, in 16 patients with DIC and in 15 patients with congenital PC deficiency. There was, however, some degree of misclassification of normals and congenitally-deficient patients, with only the clotting snake venom assay resulting in no misclassifications. In 15 patients stabilized on warfarin treatment and in 17 with liver disease, the clotting snake venom assay gave significantly lower values than the other assays, so that it might prove to be more sensitive than the other assays to these defects. PMID- 3217915 TI - Interaction of thrombin and factor Xa with bovine vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and rat hepatoma cells. AB - The aims of the present investigation were to characterize the binding and inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa to bovine vascular endothelial cells (EC), bovine smooth muscle cells (SMC), and rat hepatoma cells (RHC), and to evaluate the effects of plasma constituents on their inhibition. The enzymatic activities of bovine thrombin and factor Xa were assayed using chromogenic substrates. After 10 min incubation with the cells, thrombin activity in the solution had decreased by about 20% and was subsequently recovered on the cell surfaces. When the cells with the surface-bound thrombin were incubated with defibrinogenated plasma or antithrombin III (AT-III) for 30 sec only about 10% and 20-40%, respectively, of the initial activity could be recovered. In similar experiments with factor Xa, initial activity in the solution had decreased by 10% after 10 min incubation, and was subsequently recovered from the cell surfaces. After 30 sec incubation with AT-III, no cell surface-bound factor Xa activity was detected, whereas 10% of the bound factor Xa activity was recovered after incubation with defibrinogenated plasma. It is concluded that thrombin and factor Xa are taken up and inhibited by EC, SMC and RHC cell surfaces in similar ratios, suggesting that cell surface-mediated inhibition of clotting factors is not restricted to vascular wall cells. The inactivation of factor Xa was dependent on AT-III, however, the inactivation of thrombin was further promoted by an additional unidentified plasma constituent. PMID- 3217916 TI - Early alpha chain crosslinking in human fibrin preparations. AB - Purified fibrinogen preparations were clotted under crosslinking conditions and the evolution of alpha polymers was examined by Western blotting (SDS-PAGE). Monoclonal antibodies that bind to two localized regions within the COOH-terminal portion of the (A) alpha chains of fibrinogen (F-103, A alpha #259-276; F-102, A alpha #540-554) were used for immunodetection. Three crosslinked components (100K, 168K, 210K) that each exhibited coincident F-102 and F-103 immunoreactivities were evident as early as gamma dimer formation under the in vitro conditions employed. Initial events in the alpha chain crosslinking process appeared to include interactions between relatively intact chains and a variety of degraded ones that shared the structure A alpha #1-276, but differed in the extent to which regions between residues approximately #276 and approximately #539 were preserved. Degraded fibrinogen molecules whose A alpha chains all terminated before A alpha #540-554 were isolated from purified fibrinogen preparations by immunoaffinity chromatography on F-102 Sepharose. Immunoblotting data obtained for the crosslinking capacity of these degraded molecules indicated that early crosslinked components (95 K, 205 K) could form even in the absence of intact alpha chain partners. This crosslinking, moreover, could progress to the polymer stage. These findings demonstrate that some early crosslinking activity is localized exclusively within regions NH2-terminal to A alpha approximately #540-554 and suggest that fibrinogen molecules with partially degraded A alpha chains, which are likely to be circulating under many pathophysiologic conditions, can undergo fibrin stabilization through crosslinking despite a loss of at least 70 COOH-terminal A alpha chain residues. PMID- 3217917 TI - Immunochemical characterization of crosslinked derivatives isolated from alpha chain oligomers formed during early stages of fibrin crosslinking. AB - Early crosslinked alpha chain oligomers (E alpha XL) that formed within 1/2 h of in vitro clot formation were isolated from preparations of reduced, carboxymethylated fibrin by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-4B. Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) digestion of E alpha XL released a mixture of fragments which could be partially separated by Sephadex G-150 chromatography. Crosslinked and non crosslinked forms of the A alpha chain peptides, CNBr VIII (A alpha #241-476) and CNBr X (A alpha #518-584) were identified in the column effluent both by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by immunoblotting using polyclonal antisera (anti-CNBr VIII, anti-CNBr X) and monoclonal antibodies (F-103, binds to A alpha #259-276; F 102, binds to A alpha #540-554), respectively. Immunoaffinity chromatography of the crosslinked material, on F-103, followed by F-102 Sepharose, resulted in the separation of two types of fragments, each of which contained an early alpha chain crosslink. One of these (35-37K) exhibited coincident CNBr VIII and CNBr X immunoreactivities, while the other (54-59K) exhibited only CNBr VIII immunoreactivity, based on immunoblotting and RIA findings. NH2-terminal sequencing and cyanoethylation data provided biochemical evidence for the occurrence of covalent CNBr VIII-X as well as covalent CNBr VIII-VIII interactions during early alpha chain crosslinking. These findings indicate, for the first time, that both glutamine acceptor and lysine donor activities may be localized within CNBr VIII. This information should facilitate the chemical identification of alpha chain residues that partner during factor XIIIa-catalyzed cross-linking and thus enable development of reagents for the generation of fibrin-specific antibodies. PMID- 3217919 TI - A simple method to measure dermatan sulfate at sub-microgram concentrations in plasma. AB - A simple method for biological assay of dermatan sulfate (DS) in plasma is described. DS accelerates thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II (HC II). The principle of the assay is to measure the residual amidolytic thrombin activity after a short period of incubation with HC II in defibrinated plasma at low ionic strength. For this method we take advantage of two observations. Firstly, at fixed concentrations of DS and of HC II, the rate of thrombin inhibition increases when the ionic strength of the medium decreases. Secondly, defibrination by bentonite absorption also removes antithrombin III, HC II and for a large part alpha-2 macroglobulin from the plasma, so that no other thrombin inhibitor competes with HC II added as a reagent in a second step. In the conditions described, there is a linear relationship between DS concentrations in plasma from 0 to 2 micrograms/ml and the log of residual thrombin activity. The limit of sensitivity is 0.1 micrograms/ml. The assay displays an acceptable reproducibility in intra-assay, inter-assay and inter-individual experiments. It can be used to measure DS in human, rabbit and rat plasmas. The assay is also sensitive to other HC II activators such as heparin and pentosan polysulfate. DS is effective in experimental thrombosis without any detectable anticoagulant effect ex vivo. Pharmacological concentrations of DS in plasma fall into the range of sensitivity of this assay, which would be helpful in experimental or clinical studies of DS and related glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 3217918 TI - Conditions affecting the responses of human platelets to epinephrine. AB - Conditions affecting the responses of human platelets to epinephrine were examined. In platelet-rich plasma prepared from blood anticoagulated with hirudin or PPACK (D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethyl ketone), epinephrine did not cause shape change or aggregation. In a Tyrode-albumin-apyrase solution containing a concentration of Ca2+ in the physiological range, and fibrinogen, epinephrine in concentrations as high as 40 microM did not induce platelet shape change, caused either no primary aggregation or very slight primary aggregation, and did not induce thromboxane formation, release of dense granule contents, or secondary aggregation. In contrast, in citrated platelet-rich plasma, epinephrine induced two phases of aggregation. This is not attributable to the generation of traces of thrombin since the same effects were evident when blood was taken into a combined citrate-hirudin anticoagulant or a combined citrate-PPACK anticoagulant. In a modified Tyrode-albumin-apyrase solution containing approximately 20 microM Ca2+, 1 mM Mg2+, and fibrinogen, epinephrine induced extensive aggregation after a lag phase, but no primary phase was evident; thromboxane formation and release of dense granule contents accompanied the aggregation response. These responses were also observed when PPACK was included with the acid-citrate-dextrose anticoagulant, and in the washing and resuspending fluids. In the presence of aspirin or the thromboxane receptor blocker BM 13,177 a few small aggregates were detected by particle counting and by scanning electron microscopy; with the latter inhibitor, the platelets in the aggregates retained their disc shape; secondary aggregation and the responses associated with it did not occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3217920 TI - Decreased platelet-free dopamine and unchanged noradrenaline and adrenaline in essential hypertension. AB - The content of free-catecholamines in blood platelets is much higher than in plasma and platelet catecholamines must be taken up from plasma, since platelets lack the enzymes for catecholamine synthesis. There is some evidence that platelet catecholamine content under certain circumstances may be an integrated measure of plasma catecholamine concentrations over time. Platelet-free catecholamines were therefore assayed in 18 untreated patients with essential hypertension and in 16 normotensive control subjects. Mean platelet-free dopamine in the hypertensive group was 3.7 +/- 0.4 pg/mg platelet weight, i.e. significantly less than the 6.5 +/- 0.9 pg/mg found in the normotensive (p less than 0.005). Platelet contents of noradrenaline and adrenaline did not differ. Decreased platelet-free dopamine and unchanged platelet noradrenaline and adrenaline persisted after adjustment for increased body weight in the hypertensive group. Although the reasons for decreased platelet-free dopamine in the hypertensive group remain unknown, this finding may add to previous result showing facilitated release of granular contents from blood platelets in patients with essential hypertension. Our data do not support platelet levels of free catecholamines to be a marker of increased sympathetic tone in essential hypertension. PMID- 3217921 TI - The effect of enzymatic removal of sialic acids on the functional properties of protein C. AB - The effect of enzymatic removal of sialic acid residues on the functional properties of human protein C was examined. The rates of activation of native and asialo protein C were identical using either the thrombin thrombomodulin complex or the snake venom activator, protac. Desiaylated activated protein C (APC) was, two-three-fold more active than native protein C, both as an anticoagulant and in its ability to hydrolyze chromogenic substrates. The potentiating effect of the desialylation was confirmed by initially fully activating protein C followed by the desialylation process. In these studies, a two-three-fold enhancement in the activity of the protein was observed which paralleled the extent of the desialylation. The activity of asialo-protein C was completely abolished by monoclonal and polyclonal antiprotein C antibodies, confirming that the effect was mediated by APC. Our studies suggest that the sialic acid component of protein C is not essential for the expression of APC activity but may act to modulate the function of the protein. PMID- 3217923 TI - Isolation of fibrinogen A alpha-chain by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-sepharose. AB - A method was developed for isolation of the A alpha-chain from S carboxamidomethylated fibrinogen. A mixture of the three constituent polypeptide chains of human fibrinogen was applied onto a column of concanavalin A-Sepharose. While the carbohydrate-free A alpha-chain was not delayed on the affinity chromatography column, both glycosylated subunit chains, B beta- and gamma-chain, were adsorbed to the insolubilized lectin and were quantitatively eluted from the column with 0.2 M methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. SDS-electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel was employed for analysis of chromatographic fractions. Complete recovery of the A alpha-chain was observed. The described procedure is very simple and permits isolation of large amounts of pure A alpha-chain from S carboxyamidomethylated fibrinogen. PMID- 3217922 TI - Antithrombotic properties of heparin in a neonatal piglet model of thrombin induced thrombosis. AB - The relative deficiency of antithrombin III (AT III) in neonatal plasma results in lower recovery of heparin in some assay systems. It is uncertain whether low AT III levels also limit the antithrombotic effects of heparin in this age group. We therefore compared the antithrombotic properties of heparin in mature pigs and newborn piglets, whose coagulation and inhibitor system closely resembles that of the human neonate. Animals were pretreated with saline, 10 or 25 U/kg heparin (n greater than or equal to 16 per age group and dose). Following an injection of 100 U/kg thrombin, systemic 125I-fibrinogen consumption and local 125I-fibrinogen incorporation into jugular venous stasis thrombi were measured. Significantly more 125I-fibrinogen was consumed in piglets than in pigs systemically (p less than 0.0001), as well as within the occluded vein segment (p = 0.0112), largely because heparin was less effective in piglets than in pigs. This neonatal resistance to heparin could not be explained by lower heparin levels in the newborn animals. However, pretreatment with AT III concentrate significantly improved the antithrombotic properties of heparin in this age group (p less than 0.0001). We conclude that physiologically low AT III levels reduce the efficacy of heparin in neutralizing thrombin activity in newborn piglets. We speculate that AT III deficiency may also limit the antithrombotic properties of heparin in newborn infants with thrombotic disease. PMID- 3217924 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against the heparin-dependent protein C inhibitor suitable for inhibitor purification and assay of inhibitor complexes. AB - Two different monoclonal antibodies against the heparin-dependent inhibitor of human activated protein C were produced, using cleaved modified inhibitor for immunization and partially purified inhibitor for screening of the hybridomas. One of the antibodies recognized free and complexed forms of the inhibitor in immunoblotting experiments. The other antibody was used to develop an assay for APC-PCI inhibitor complexes. Using the assay the formation of complexes was studied in plasma, both in the presence and absence of heparin. The rate of complex formation was similar to that reported previously for the loss of activated protein C amidolytic activity in plasma. The same antibody was also immobilized on Sepharose and used to purify the inhibitor from fresh human plasma. The purified material appeared as two narrowly spaced bands with Mr about 57,000 in SDS-PAGE. The average yield from 1 liter of fresh plasma was 1 mg of inhibitor. The purified inhibitor formed SDS stable complexes with activated protein C and urokinase that could be identified in immunoblots using specific antibodies. PMID- 3217925 TI - Subcommittee on contact activation. Nomenclature of kininogens. PMID- 3217926 TI - Thrombolytic and hypotensive properties of kallikrein in anaesthetized cats. PMID- 3217927 TI - Reversal of hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism leads to increased numbers of small sized platelets. PMID- 3217928 TI - 1-Desamino[8-D-arginine]vasopressin (dDAVP) decreases blood pressure and increases pulse rate in normal individuals. PMID- 3217929 TI - HLA and red blood group antigens in pregnancy disorders. AB - Total of 356 women with various types of pregnancy disorders as well as their husbands were classified in four groups regarding the type of the disorder as follows: 1. Recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) of unknown etiology (N = 105) and RSA - primary aborters only (N = 84); 2. Blighted ovum (N = 80); 3. Rh immunization in pregnancy (N = 90); 4. ABO immunization in pregnancy (N = 47). Two groups of couples were used as controls: 1. Couples randomly taken from forensic medicine cases of paternity evaluation (N = 104); 2. Couples having two or more children with HLA immunization in pregnancy (N = 78). The couples from all groups were typed for red blood group antigens of ABO, Rhesus, MNSs, Kell, Duffy, Lewis, Kidd and P systems and also for HLA antigens. Significantly higher frequency of antigen HLA-A9 was found in women with RSA (corr. p = 0.0003) and in women with pregnancy disorders caused by Rh immunization (corr. p = 0.0136). In couples with RSA the degree of HLA compatibility was significant (p = 0.0048) and the reactivity of spouses in MLR was significantly decreased (p = 0.0001). Significantly, more low responders in MLR were also found among the women with RSA as compared to the controls (p = 0.0217). Two possible pathologic mechanisms may explain the association between HLA antigens and RSA: 1. immunological defects which are linked to HLA-D/DR region causing malfunction of immunosuppressive mechanisms during pregnancy; 2. endocrinological defect which is linked to HLA region as 21-OH hydroxylase deficiency gene. PMID- 3217931 TI - Lack of an association between carcinoma of the stomach and the major histocompatibility complex (HLA) in Cape Coloureds. AB - A possible genetic contribution to the high incidence of gastric carcinoma in the Cape Coloured population of the Western Cape region of South Africa was investigated. The HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ antigens were determined with a microcytotoxicity assay, and their frequencies compared in 124 individuals with gastric carcinoma and 4,560 controls. No significant difference was found, thus supporting the view that a genetic component has a minor, if any, role in gastric carcinogenesis. PMID- 3217930 TI - Extended HLA haplotypes in families with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in northern Finland. AB - Haplotypes including HLA, Bf and C4 loci were analyzed in a material comprising 55 families with diabetic children. One hundred and ten haplotypes found in IDDM patients were compared with 101 haplotypes present only in healthy family members. Two complotypes, BfSC4A3B3 and SC4A0B1, were significantly more common (P less than 0.05) in the diabetic haplotypes, and these were in most cases found in haplotypic combinations with HLA-B15,Dw4,DR4 and HLA-B8,Dw3,DR3 genes, respectively. The B8/DR3 haplotype was better conserved, as 72% included the BfSC4A0B1 complotype as compared with only 35% of the B15/DR4 haplotypes with "high risk" C4A3B3 complement alleles (p less than 0.05). DR3 was found in 26% of the diabetic haplotypes and DR4 in 43%. DR4 associated with the Dw4 in 69% of cases and with Dw14 in 26% of the diabetic haplotypes. Our results confirm that the two phenotypes found earlier to be associated with IDDM in Northern Finland, e.g. "B15,BfS,C4A3B3,Dw4,DR4" and "B8,Bfs,C4A0B1,Dw3,DR3" are inherited as haplotypes. PMID- 3217932 TI - Hydatidiform mole and HLA. III. HLA-antigen expression related to genomic origin. AB - In 52 conceptuses with known genomic origin, HLA determination was performed on whole villi and/or stromal cell cultures. In 26 androgenetic, diploid conceptuses, one or two paternal HLA-A,B haplotypes were found; twenty-four triploid conceptuses with two paternal and one maternal chromosome sets showed either one maternal and one paternal haplotype or one/two paternal HLA-A,B haplotypes. Consequently, androgenesis could not be demonstrated by lack of maternal antigens alone. Concomitant expression of three HLA haplotypes was not seen. HLA-A2 was passed on to the conceptus, both in the genetic subgroups and in the entire series, more frequently than expected. PMID- 3217933 TI - Erythema multiforme is associated to HLA-Aw33 and DRw53. AB - Erythema multiforme is an acute eruption of the skin and mucous membranes of various aetiologies. Forty-one unrelated patients were HLA typed for 53 specificities of the HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ series. Frequencies of Aw33 and DRw53 were significantly increased: Aw33, 17.0% in patients vs 2.8% in controls (corrected p = 0.01, relative risk = 7.2); DRw53, 70.7% in patients vs 30.5% in controls (corrected p = 0.0005, relative risk = 5.5). PMID- 3217934 TI - Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1987. PMID- 3217935 TI - The polymorphism of HLA antigens in the Chinese. AB - Remarkable differences were observed in antigen frequencies (AF), gene frequencies (GF) and haplotype frequencies (HF) when 2441 healthy Chinese individuals representing nine different ethnic groups and living in 14 different geographic locations were examined for the genetic distribution of the various HLA Class I and II markers. A sizable number of individuals of each ethnic group within each of the three major categories of the Chinese population, namely, Hans, Mongols, and Southern minorities, have been studied here, providing useful population statistics for applications such as determination of probabilities of paternity, comparisons for HLA and disease associations, and anthropologic studies. PMID- 3217936 TI - The significance of HLA studies in human-human hybridomas. AB - The technique of human-human (H + H) hybridoma is employed to generate human monoclonal antibodies. However, in contrast to mouse hybridomas, the human counterpart is very difficult to establish. It is still unclear what the precise reasons are for the failure to establish the human-human hybridoma technique as a routine. Analyses of HLA antigens of seven lymphocyte donors and 22 human cell lines generated by the H + H hybridoma technique have demonstrated the importance of the compatibility between human lymphocytes and the lymphoblastoid cell lines. Furthermore, there is a preferential expression of several HLA on human hybridomas (e.g. B51; B15; B18; B35). Screening several unrelated human lymphoblastoid cell lines available demonstrated preferred HLA antigens (A2, A3; A30/31; B5; B18; B15; B35), despite the fact that these lines were derived from subjects of different ethnic origins. It seems that HLA typing of donor lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines may help to increase the yield of H + H hybridomas. PMID- 3217937 TI - Association of HLA-Bw61 with asthma in the Chinese. AB - HLA-A and -B typings were detected in 93 asthmatic and 98 normal subjects, all of them of Han nationality, in Shenyang. Antigen frequencies of HLA-A9, A10, Bw61 and Bw62 were found to be much higher than those of normal controls, and -A3 much lower (p less than 0.05). However, after the p-values were corrected, the significant difference was only existing in HLA-Bw61 (pc less than 0.01) with a relative risk of 6.6 (HLA frequencies were 0.2366 and 0.0408 in patient group and control, respectively). Our results indicate a significant association between HLA-Bw61 and the asthmatic patients of Han nationality in Shenyang area, North east China. PMID- 3217938 TI - HLA antigens in IgA deficient paediatric patients. AB - HLA antigens (A, B, C and DR loci) were studied in 62 IgA-deficient (IgAd) paediatric patients: 17 with coeliac disease (CD), 13 with juvenile arthritis (JA), 27 with frequent respiratory tract infections (RTI) and five with other diseases. The frequencies of HLA antigens in IgAd patients were compared with those in healthy blood donors, and in CD and JA patients with normal serum IgA levels. The IgA deficiency in the patients showed significant associations with HLA A1, B8, B13, Cw6, DR3 and DR7 (P less than 0.0005, P corr less than 0.02 vs controls) and decreased frequencies of DR2 (P less than 0.0005, P corr less than 0.02 vs controls). The HLA associations typical of coeliac disease, increased frequencies of HLA-B8 and DR3, were evident among the IgAd coeliacs; in contrast to the coeliacs with normal IgA levels, the IgAd coeliacs showed a significant increase of the HLA-Cw6 allele (P less than 0.0005, P corr less than 0.02 vs control coeliacs). Increased frequencies of HLA-A1, B8, B13, Cw6, DR3 and DR7 were noted in the patients with RTI, which can be explained by the frequent occurrence of the haplotypes A1, B8, DR3 and B13, DR7, the latter haplotype often also having the Cw6 allele. Among the IgAd JA patients, the antigen frequencies were similar to those in the JA patients with normal serum immunoglobulins. PMID- 3217939 TI - HLA and hypertrophic Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Shanghai Chinese. PMID- 3217940 TI - Personal identification by HLA typing of cultured fibroblasts derived from cadaveric tissues. AB - A method for HLA typing of cultured fibroblasts derived from abdominal skin was developed and applied for personal identification of a cadaver. Successful results were obtained using the conventional NIH HLA typing method for lymphocytes after a slight modification. PMID- 3217941 TI - Research needs and advances in inhalation dosimetry identified through the use of mathematical dosimetry models of ozone. AB - Knowledge of the quantitative relationship between exposure concentration and delivered dose (i.e., dosimetry) is a fundamental starting point in the evaluation of the toxicity of chemicals, not only for intra- and interspecies comparisons but also for designing experiments that elucidate mechanisms of action and that identify issues or research areas for further study. To these ends a mathematical, lower respiratory tract dosimetry model for gases has been developed which, when linked to experimentally determined upper respiratory tract removal of a gas, can be used for dosimetric extrapolations between one test condition to a theoretical condition (e.g., animal-to-man, child-to-adult, high to-low dose). This paper, using the ozone (O3) dosimetry model as an example, describes (1) the results of sensitivity analyses that have identified variables that can significantly influence the precision of model predicted doses, (2) research progress in improving the precision of those highly sensitive variables, and (3) approaches being used to validate the model. Results from studies of upper respiratory tract removal of O3 in animals and human are used as inputs into the mathematical model of the lower respiratory tract to illustrate applications of dosimetric extrapolations. PMID- 3217942 TI - In vivo cytogenetic studies on mice exposed to Orange G, a food colourant. AB - Orange G, a monoazo dye, used as a food colourant, was evaluated with in vivo cytogenetic assays to determine its genotoxicity. Swiss albino male mice were exposed to Orange G through intraperitoneal injections. Bone marrow cells isolated from femora were analyzed for sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosome aberrations. The results showed that the incidence of SCEs and chromosome aberrations were significantly higher than controls at certain concentrations. 25 mg/kg of Orange G was found to be the minimum effective dose for the induction of both SCEs and chromosome aberrations. Orange G is thus found to be clastogenic and genotoxic in vivo in mice. PMID- 3217943 TI - Brain monoamine levels in suckling mice following postnatal exposure to secalonic acid D via the dam's milk. AB - Mice were gavage-fed on day 13 of pregnancy with 0 (groups N, 15, 25) or 25 (group P) mg/kg of secalonic acid D (SAD) and again while nursing their offspring on postgestational days 1-10 with 0 (N,P), 15(15) or 25(25) mg/kg/day. SAD residues were present in the stomach of pups nursed by SAD-treated dams. Postnatal exposure to SAD decreased (P less than 0.05) body weight gains of offspring. Treatment decreased the developmental levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the prosencephalon (forebrain) and cerebellum-pons of the offspring on postnatal days (PND) 7 and 7-16, respectively. On PND 7-16 serotonin and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels decreased in the prosencephalon and cerebellum pons of offspring exposed prenatally (P) or postnatally (15,25) to SAD. PMID- 3217945 TI - Pigmentation of kidneys and lymph nodes of mesocolon in rats fed diets containing the laxative danthron. AB - The tumor-promoting activity of the anthraquinone laxative danthron was studied by giving 3 groups of male rats a single subcutaneous injection of the colon tumor-inducing agent 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). After 1 week, the animals were fed diets containing 0, 600 or 2400 ppm of danthron for 26 weeks. Two other groups of rats were included in the study; one received no treatment while the other was given danthron only. Altogether 9 tumors were observed among animals given DMA with or without danthron. The incidence of colon tumors was higher in animals receiving DMH and danthron than in those given DMH only (5/60 vs. 0/30), but this difference was not statistically significant. The kidneys and lymph nodes of mesocolon were enlarged and showed a yellowish-red and brown discoloration, respectively. The pigment mostly displayed a PAS-positive reaction but contained no lipid as determined by several staining procedures. The available evidence suggests that the pigment is drug-derived. PMID- 3217944 TI - Biotransformation enzymes in nasal mucosa and liver of Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - The metabolism of hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), aminopyrine, ethoxycoumarin, ethoxyresorufin, and pentoxyresorufin, by the monooxygenase cytochrome P-450 dependent system, was studied in microsomes from nasal epithelial membranes and liver tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats. Nasal metabolism rates for the different substrates ranged from 9% of liver values for aminopyrine to 83% for ethoxycoumarin. HMPA-demethylase activity followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics in nasal mucosa microsomes but was biphasic in those from liver. SKF 525A, metyrapone, dioxolane and alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF), inhibitors of various P-450 monoxygenases, were examined with regard to inhibition of nasal and liver ethoxycoumarin deethylase. In addition, activity of epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferase, DT-diaphorase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UDP-GT) in nasal tissue homogenates were investigated. These activities were generally lower than those present in the liver. Various attempts to increase the activity of oxidative enzymes in nasal tissue by PB, 3-MC and ethanol failed, 3-MC and PB doubled the microsomal UDP-GT and the epoxide hydrolase activities. The results together with data from the literature suggest that the balance between P-450 isozymes and detoxifying enzymes differs in the nose compared with the liver. The activities of these enzymes in nasal tissue of different strains of rats also varies substantially with implications regarding the metabolic fate and activation of inhaled xenobiotics. PMID- 3217946 TI - Distinguishing features of cytotoxic and pharmacological effects of selenite in murine mammary epithelial cells in vitro. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that selenite exerts a reversible and non lethal inhibition of cell growth which could be correlated with a 58 K selenoprotein. Prolonged exposure to 5 microM selenite is cytotoxic. This cytotoxic effect is heralded by the cells floating off the dish. These floating cells contained over a log more selenite than did the attached cells. The floating cells also had a higher total amount per cell of covalently incorporated selenite in the form of volatile selenides. No specific selenoprotein could be correlated with the cytotoxic effect of selenite. However, a greater aggregation of selenoproteins was observed in dead vs. viable cells. This change probably was a late manifestation of cell death, whereas the increased amount of volatile selenides marked the early stages of acute selenosis and cell death. The results suggest that the cellular response to selenite exposure contains two phases: an early reversible inhibition of cell growth, and a late irreversible cytotoxic effect. The former is characterized by an increase in a 58 K selenoprotein, whereas the latter by an increase in volatile selenides. The results suggest that experiments evaluating specific effects of selenite exposure on biochemical function need to distinguish between the two phases of cell response. PMID- 3217948 TI - Wisconsin Nursing Shortage Task Force established. PMID- 3217949 TI - Application of microwave irradiation to immunohistochemistry: preservation of antigens of the extracellular matrix. AB - Microwave irradiation as a means of fixation was evaluated for the preservation of extracellular matrix antigens such as collagen III, IV, fibronectin and laminin in both lung and liver specimens. Small tissue samples were placed in normal saline or periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) and irradiated for 30 sec to bring them to a temperature of 50 C. The tissue was then processed rapidly in a tissue processor adjusted to a 2 hr cycle and embedded in paraffin. Sections were immunostained. For comparison, routine cryostat sections as well as sections of formalin fixed tissue were used. Microwave irradiation in saline gave excellent morphological detail, comparable to that in formalin fixed tissue. All four antigens evaluated were well preserved without the necessity of prior pepsin digestion. Microwave fixation is promising for preservation of antigenicity and morphological detail, and considerably reduces the time required for processing. PMID- 3217950 TI - A new technique for orcein banding with acid treatment. AB - A rapid method for banding plant chromosomes using hydrochloric acid with orcein is suggested. The technique has been successful in both dioecious and monoecious families with short chromosomes. It involves pretreatment with an oxyquinoline paradichlorobenzene mixture, fixation in acetic ethanol and treatment with hydrochloric acid at 60 C followed by staining with orcein. Stained chromosome bands and interbands are reproducible and species specific. PMID- 3217947 TI - Prospective study on the sexual development of male and female rats perinatally exposed to maternally administered cimetidine. AB - Cimetidine, a widely prescribed, potent histamine H2-receptor antagonist, is unrelatedly a mild antiandrogen. Since perinatal androgens are essential for normal masculine imprinting, we wanted to determine if maternally administered cimetidine interfered with the offspring's reproductive development. Cimetidine was administered in the mothers' drinking water at several levels reflecting both human and rat therapeutic-like doses from day 17 of gestation through day 7 of lactation. Except for the highest dose of cimetidine (4.0 mg/ml drinking water) the drug had no effect on the dams' food and water consumption or body weight gain. In general, feminine sexual development as measured by pubertal onset, reproductive organ weights and adult estrous cyclicity, was unaffected by perinatal exposure to cimetidine. Similarly, early exposure to the drug had little effect on masculine sexual development. The developmental profile of serum dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone and 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone when measured at 1, 4 and 18 weeks of age, was unaffected by perinatal exposure to cimetidine. Furthermore, serum androgen concentrations and seminal vesicle weights following orchiectomy and androgen replacement were the same in control and cimetidine-exposed rats. In contrast, pituitary weights of adult males exposed to maternally administered cimetidine appeared to be insensitive to androgen regulation. However, taken in totality, our results do not support the concept that cimetidine is a reproductive teratogen. PMID- 3217951 TI - One hour bleach for melanin. PMID- 3217952 TI - A scanning electron microscopic method for intracellular and extracellular structure. PMID- 3217954 TI - Conversion of dihydrotestosterone to androstanediol glucuronide by female sexual skin. AB - Sexual skin biopsies from 13 normal women were obtained and minces/3-h studied after adding either [3H]dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or [3H]androstanediol (3 alpha diol) to RPMI-1640 medium in a Dubnoff apparatus. Unconjugated or conjugated androgens (after hydrolysis) were purified by three chromatography steps. Formation of 3 alpha diol and 3 alpha diol glucuronide (3 alpha diolG) was linear with time. The conversion of DHT to DHT17 beta G was only 4.4 +/- 0.5%/200 mg/3 h, while conversion to 3 alpha diol was 32 +/- 1.7%. The back conversion of 3 alpha diol to DHT was 30 +/- 3% and conversion to 3 alpha diolG was 4.5 +/- 1.25%. The product of the conversion separately measured of DHT to 3 alpha diol and 3 alpha diol to 3 alpha diolG was 1.5%, which is not very different than the overall conversion rate of DHT to 3 alpha diolG of 1.4%. This study indicates that the predominant path in this tissue is DHT in equilibrium 3 alpha diol----3 alpha diolG, rather than formation of DHT17 beta G and then 3 alpha reduction to 3 alpha diolG. PMID- 3217953 TI - Formation and turnover of long-chain fatty acid esters of 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta -diol in estrogen receptor positive and negative human mammary cancer cell lines in culture. AB - Microsomal preparations derived from bovine placenta cotyledons, previously investigated as a convenient source of fatty acyl coenzyme A: estradiol-17 beta acyl transferase, have been shown to acylate other steroids bearing 3 beta- or 17 beta-hydroxyl groups. In the presence of 0.1 mM oleoyl CoA, the apparent Km values for dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta diol (delta 5-DIOL) were 45, 67, and 20 microM, respectively. Acylation of delta 5-DIOL occurred at either the 3 beta- or 17 beta-positions to give monoesters. Testosterone, estradiol-17 beta, and delta 5-DIOL acted as competitive inhibitors for the acylation of the 3 beta-hydroxyl group of dehydroepiandrosterone (Ki values 71, 75, and 41 microM, respectively). Such data indicate that a single enzyme of wide substrate specificity may be involved in these acylation reactions. When estrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative human mammary cancer cell lines were incubated with 10 nM [3H]delta 5-DIOL, intracellular accumulation of delta 5-DIOL long-chain fatty acid esters occurred; rates being higher (p less than 0.001) in ER negative cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-330) compared to MCF-7 cells (ER positive), and higher (P less than 0.005) in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to ZR-75-1 cells (ER positive). After exposure to 10 nM [3H]delta 5-DIOL for 16 h, the total labeled steroid fatty acid fraction was composed predominantly of delta 5-DIOL-3 beta- and 17 beta-monoesters (approximately 85%), the remainder containing approximately equal amounts of delta 5-DIOL-diesters and dehydroepiandrosterone-3 beta-esters. Subsequent transfer to medium lacking delta 5-DIOL was accompanied by a breakdown of the labeled esters, which was more rapid in the ER positive cell lines. During this period, intracellular free delta 5 DIOL levels rapidly declined in MDA-MB-330 cells but were maintained in MCF-7 cells, presumably by binding to ER. This behavior parallels that of estradiol-17 beta previously observed in these cell lines and further emphasizes the potential importance of the adrenal-derived estrogen delta 5-DIOL in consideration of a hormone-based etiology of human breast cancer. PMID- 3217955 TI - Synthesis of deuterium-labeled 17-hydroxyprogesterone suitable as an internal standard for isotope dilution mass spectrometry. AB - A synthesis is reported of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, labeled with four atoms of deuterium at ring C and suitable for use as an internal standard for isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Base-catalyzed equilibration of methyl 3 alpha acetoxy-12-oxo-cholanate (III) with 2H2O, followed by reduction of the 12-oxo group by the modified Wolff-Kisher method using [2H]diethylene glycol and [2H]hydrazine hydrate afforded [11,11,12,12,23,23(-2)H]lithocholic acid (V). The Meystre-Miescher degradation of the side chain of V yielded 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-[11,11,12,12(-2)H]pregnan-20-one (X). Oxidation of the 3,20-enol-diacetate of X with perbenzoic acid followed by saponification afforded 3 alpha,17 dihydroxy-5 beta-[11,11,12,12(-2)H]pregnan-20-one (XI). Oxidation of XI with N bromoacetamide yielded 17-hydroxy-5 beta-[11,11,12,12(-2)H]pregnane-3,20-dione (XII). Bromination of XII followed by dehydrobromination yielded 17-hydroxy [11,11,12,12(-2)H] progesterone (XIV), consisting of 0.3% 2H0-, 1.1% 2H1-, 8.6% 2H2-, 37.1% 2H3-, 52.1% 2H4-, and 0.8% 2H5-species. PMID- 3217956 TI - Steroids 35: synthesis of 16,16-dimethyl-17 beta-hydroxysteroids. AB - The reaction of 16-methylene-17-ketosteroids (Ia), (Ic) and (Ie) with methyl magnesium iodide yields 16-methylene-17 alpha-methyl-17 beta-hydroxysteroids (IIa), (IIb) and (IId). These are subjected to the addition of hypobromous acid and the subsequent anionotropic rearrangement to convert them into 16 alpha methyl-16 beta-bromomethyl-17-ketosteroids (Va), (Vb) and (Vd). These were reduced with LiA1H4 to obtain 16,16-dimethyl-17 beta-hydroxysteroids (VIa), (VIb) and (VId). Compounds (VIIa) and (VIIe) were selectively deacetylated yielding (VIIb) and (VIId); these were then oxidized and hydrolyzed to convert them into (VIf) and (VIg). PMID- 3217957 TI - Steroids 36: synthesis of 16,16-dimethyl-17-ketosteroids and 16,16-dimethyl-17 beta-hydroxysteroids. AB - Direct conversion of 17-ketosteroids (Ia-f) into 16,16-dimethyl-17 beta hydroxysteroids (IIa-f) and 16,16-dimethyl-17-ketosteroids (IIIa-f) was achieved with methyl iodide in the presence of NaH. PMID- 3217958 TI - Reduction of 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-chol-6-en-24-oic acid to lithocholic acid in rats. AB - After [24-14C]delta 6-lithocholic acid was injected into the cecum of rats, [14C]lithocholic acid was identified as a metabolite in feces. When the labeled delta 6-bile acid was injected intraperitoneally into bile-fistula rats, radioactivity excreted in bile was contained most abundantly in the taurine conjugated fraction of bile acids. In the fraction, taurine conjugate of [14C]delta 6-lithocholic acid but of neither [14C]lithocholic acid nor other bile acids was found. The results showed that [24-14C]delta 6-lithocholic acid was reduced to [14C]lithocholic acid by the intestinal flora but not by the liver, which, however, was capable of conjugating delta 6-lithocholic acid with taurine. PMID- 3217959 TI - Structural analysis of 21-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (deoxycorticosterone) derivative compounds. Part I: Synthesis and circular dichroism identification. AB - Deoxycorticosterone (DOC) derivative compounds (DOC, DOC 21-acetate, and 7 mercaptopropionic DOC) have been prepared and purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Synthesis products have been identified, and three chromophores have been displayed by their n----II and II----II dichroic transitions. A normal half-chair conformation is favored in ring A. PMID- 3217960 TI - Structural analysis of 21-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (deoxycorticosterone) derivative compounds. Part II: Proton NMR spectra. AB - Complete analysis of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of desoxycorticosterone (DOC) has been made using selective double irradiation, two dimensional experiments, relaxation rate, and nuclear Overhauser effect measurements in order to specify the structure and conformation of products encountered during the preparation of the specific antigen DOC-bovine serum albumin (BSA). It has been shown that DOC has the normal P conformation with ring A half-chair, and ring B chair. This confirms results previously obtained by circular dichroism measurements. PMID- 3217961 TI - Prevalence of suicide attempts in a Mexican-American population: prevention implications of immigration and cultural issues. AB - Self-reported suicide ideation and suicide attempts were examined among 2,393 Mexican-Americans (706 born in Mexico, 538 born in the United States) and non Hispanic whites (1,149 born in the United States). Mexican-Americans born in Mexico reported significantly lower age- and gender-adjusted lifetime rates of suicide thoughts (4.5%, 2.7-6.3%) than Mexican-Americans born in the United States (13.0%, 10.0-15.9%), who reported significantly lower rates than non Hispanic whites born in the United States (19.2%, 17.4-21.0%). Adjusted rates of suicide attempt were lowest among Mexican-Americans born in Mexico (1.6%, 0.6 2.6%) and higher among both Mexican-Americans (4.8%, 2.4-7.2%) and non-Hispanic whites (4.4%, 3.4-5.4%) born in the United States. Rates were not affected by degree of acculturation when immigration status was controlled. High schools and the Catholic church are suggested as sites for programs designed to prevent suicide and suicide attempts among Mexican-Americans. PMID- 3217962 TI - Perception of behavioral contagion of adolescent suicide. AB - In order to assess perceptions of behavioral contagion of suicide (what people thought a disturbed adolescent would do if the teen knew about a suicide in the community), and to assess actor-observer differences in such perceptions, 142 college students were asked to view a videotaped vignette of a distressed high school student, and then to assess her potential for committing suicide, running away, entering therapy, or abusing alcohol. Subjects who were told that the teenager knew of two recent suicides in the community (contagion group) rated the young woman as more likely to commit suicide or run away than did the subjects who were not told of the suicides (noncontagion group). Subjects who were instructed to imagine that they were the teenager (actors) blamed situational factors, and in particular the teen's parents, more for her distress than did subjects who were instructed just to rate the teenager on the videotape (observers). Contagion/actors rated suicide as more likely than did any other group. Apparently, people believe that behavioral contagion occurs when a suicide is reported, and they especially perceive themselves to be influenced by such information. PMID- 3217964 TI - An analysis of the suicide rates of birth cohorts in Canada. AB - An earlier study (Lester, 1984) found that, in the United States, cohorts that had a high suicide rate at one point in their life span had low suicide rates at other points, and vice versa. This result suggested that only a limited number of people in each cohort were suicide-prone. The present paper replicates this result, using Canadian data from 1921 to the present time. PMID- 3217963 TI - Suicide: media impacts in war and peace, 1910-1920. AB - The literature of the impact of publicized suicide stories on suicide has neglected the influence of social contexts. In the present study, the context of a popular war was inspected. A Durkheimian perspective was tested, wherein the context of war would lower suicide through promoting social integration. Suicide stories in such times should have less of an impact than in times of peace. Data were collected on widely publicized suicide stories during the World War I decade. A Cochrane-Orcutt iteractive time series analysis found that publicized suicide stories during war had no impact on suicide. In contrast, peacetime suicide stories were associated with an increase of 48 suicides. This is significant, since the electronic media were nonexistent and hence could not reinforce the publicity in the printed media, as they do today. Further analysis of the relationship found similar results for New York City. PMID- 3217965 TI - Depression and suicide in schizophrenic patients. AB - This study supports the idea that schizophrenic patients represent a distinctive subgroup of patients who can suffer from a major depressive illness and also can commit suicide. The study showed that 22.4% of the schizophrenic population in a medium-sized psychiatric facility showed severe depressive symptoms that met the criteria for the diagnosis of a major depressive episode according to the DSM-III classification. Seven patients committed suicide during the acute phase of the illness--five during hospitalization, and two within a year of discharge. Nine patients attempted suicide during the hospitalization period, and 10 attempted suicide within a year of discharge. Nearly one-third (215) of the patients were readmitted during that year because of a recurrence of acute schizophrenic symptoms; of these, 84 were having severe depressive symptoms. The study also provides indications of the causes of suicide in these patients. PMID- 3217966 TI - [The elderly: ethics and discrimination]. PMID- 3217967 TI - [Fecal incontinence in the elderly]. AB - Faecal incontinence in the elderly is not compatible with normal social function and leads to interventions and/or institutionalization. In homes for the elderly about 10% and in nursing homes 42.8% of the patients are faecally incontinent. There are predisposing, precipitating and uncleanliness factors. Four ways of faecal loss are described. The purposes of diagnosis and therapy are: 1. prevent and cure diseases, which cause unintentional faecal loss, 2. maintain lavatory visiting as long as possible and 3. prevent soiling the old patient himself and his surroundings. PMID- 3217968 TI - [Sequelae of tooth loss for the potential for chewing in the elderly]. AB - The dentition is a part of the orofacial system. It has important functions such as speech and chewing. However the question is whether masticatory function declines when more loss of teeth occurs. In this article attention is given to the masticatory process and the masticatory performance in relation to complete or partial tooth loss and to the question to which requirements the dental prosthesis has to come up in relation to the food intake and the masticatory performance. PMID- 3217969 TI - [Physical activity and sports as health promoting behavior in middle age]. AB - In any preventive health care program for middle aged adults and elderly people, the promotion of physical fitness activities has become an item of priority. However, the increased awareness of the importance of being physically fit is in contrast with the limited number of adults actually involved in physical fitness activities. This study focuses on the reasons for in-activity as well as on the perceived motivation to participate in a fitness program. Health was found, as expected, to be the most important motive to start participation in a physical fitness program. Even most of the non-active adults believed that for health reasons they should exercise regularly. Reasons for inactivity included fatigue and lack of energy, lack of time (other things are more important and enjoyable), inadequate facilities, experiencing no health difficulties which would indicate the need for exercise, the implications for their lifestyle and fear of potential health hazards associated with physical fitness activities. Adherence to habitual physical activity was motivated by social support and socializing opportunities and the experience of relaxation, recreation and relief of tension. The discrepancy between knowing about health and fitness and really participating in a fitness program is interpreted in terms of cognitive processes, behaviour modification and changing health life-styles. PMID- 3217970 TI - [Advice of the NRV (National Council for Public Health) and the CvZ (College for Hospital Services) on geriatric departments in general hospitals]. PMID- 3217971 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the pentalaminar contact and its role in myoblast fusion]. AB - Two types of the pentalaminar structure were found in developing skeletal muscles. One of them is characterized by three electron-dense lines 23-25 nm in size. The other one, 11 nm in size, has only one electron-dense central line and forms membrane invaginations (blebs), 100-250 nm in diameter. The transformation of the "bridge" contact into the 2nd type pentalaminar structure and electron dense bodies--"lenses" (60-65 nm) was established. The "lenses" contain an electron-dense material, similar to that of the "bridges". Neuraminidase hydrolysis shows that the "bridges" consist of glycoproteins. The muscle cells were extracted with 0.5% triton X-100. The detergent removes most of phospholipids. The first type of the pentalaminar structure remains stable to detergent treatment, whereas the second type may be dissolved. Besides, a partial destruction of surface membranes--"breaks"--are observed in the regions of membrane transmission to the pentalaminar structure. The detergent appears to act on those sites of the surface membrane which are instable and ready to fuse, especially on the bases of invaginations. PMID- 3217972 TI - [The role of the ultrastructure of the intercalated cells of the kidney collecting tubules in rats in secreting hydrogen ions]. AB - Upon experimental metabolic acidosis in rats, induced by a long-term per os administration of a 10% ammonium chloride solution, elevation of titred acidity and ammonium level in rat's urea was registered, in addition to an increased number of intercalated cells in collecting tubules of kidney medullar zone, where the highest carboanhydrase activity occurred. The structural and functional unit of the intercalated cell is a smooth vesicle having presumable H+-,K+ translocating exchange pump within its membrane. The vesicles accumulating gradually H-ions move to the apical cell membrane to release their content by exocytosis into the tubule space. Under H+-ion hypersecretion, upon experimental acidosis, the vesicle membrane is built into the apical plasma membrane, where H+,K+-exchange occurs, thus intensity of this process increasing. The apical plasma membrane of the cell extends its surface at the expense of intracellular canaliculi that are formed. PMID- 3217973 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the minichromosomes in murine fibroblast cells fixed in situ]. AB - The ultrastructure and differential staining of minute chromosomes (MC) from mouse fibroblasts line C3H10T1/2 (LS9/0.1) was studied. MC in mitotic cells of this line contain R-positive material and are not stained according to the G- and C-methods. Reconstruction of ultrathin serial sections made it possible to identify MC in situ. It is shown that the basic structural unit of MC is a DNP fibril 20-30 nm in diameter. The density of packing of the MC material corresponds to that of normal chromosomal arms. In some cases the fibrillar material is present between MC and normal chromosomes. It is suggested therefore that some MC may be structurally linked to a normal chromosome arm. The MC structure is discussed in terms of the ultrastructural properties of R- and C positive segments. PMID- 3217974 TI - [An analysis of the centriole orientation in tissue culture cells]. AB - A mathematical description of random orientation of centrioles with respect to the plane has been suggested for two modes of experimental procedure: a) all the centrioles in a given volume are taken into account; b) all the centrioles crossing an ultrathin section are accounted. In the former case the function of distribution does not depend on the length of the centrioles. Histograms of the distribution of centriolar length projections on the plane of the section have been obtained. These histograms are compared with those obtained for centrioles in mitotic pig kidney embryo cells (PE-cells). Tables of credible occurrence intervals for "nearly perpendicular" (the angle is tipped to the substrate plane by over 74 degrees) and for "nearly parallel" (the angle is tipped to the substrate plane by less than 12 degrees) centrioles in different samplings are adduced. PMID- 3217975 TI - [The patterns of colchicine-induced death of lymphoid cells]. AB - It is shown that colchicine injection at doses higher than 1 mg/kg of animal weight induces cell death in thymus, spleen, bone marrow and intestine mucosa. The cell death is accompanied by a regular internucleosomal cleavage of nuclear DNA and by the elimination of the formed fragments from cells. Both the processes begin after a 1.5 hour lag-period and proceed before the outer membrane permeability for supravital dyes increases. DNA degradation is prevented by the inhibitor of protein synthesis cycloheximide. Cytochalasin B does not induce chromatin degradation or cell death and has no effect on radiation death of lymphocytes. A possible role of microtubule destruction as a switch-on mechanism of DNA degradation and cell death is discussed. PMID- 3217976 TI - [Presentations and communications presented at the All-Union Symposium on "Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Anti-carcinogenesis" (Leningrad, 18-20 October 1988)]. PMID- 3217977 TI - "Doctor, I can't read your writing". PMID- 3217978 TI - Periodontal disease and AIDS. PMID- 3217979 TI - Infection control update. PMID- 3217981 TI - The role of potassium. PMID- 3217980 TI - What's your cholesterol level? PMID- 3217982 TI - Infection control update. PMID- 3217983 TI - Lead and your drinking water. PMID- 3217984 TI - The influence of thyroid hormones on colony growth of peripheral CFU-GM from normal and leukemic subjects. AB - In order to clarify the alterations of granuloblastic cells in chronic and acute myeloid leukemia, the colony growth behavior of cultured CFU-GM from the peripheral blood of normal and leukemic subjects was examined in basal conditions and after adding to the medium T3 or T4 and/or thioproline and/or flurbiprofen. These drugs had in previous investigations proved their ability to modify cellular receptors and the uptake of thyroid hormones. The study was carried out in semisolid (double agar layer) and liquid medium, utilizing the techniques described previously. Both thyroid hormones enhanced the colony growth from normal peripheral blood CFU-GM and the response was more evident with T4 than T3. The effect on leukemic CFU-GM (from CML and AML) was less clear, probably due to the presence in leukemic cells of a defect of cellular uptake and to the utilization of T3 and T4. Indeed, on addition to the culture medium of thioproline, which modifies membrane permeability, and of fluorbiprofen, which inhibits PGE synthesis, the colony number and growth from leukemic CFU increased considerably in accordance with the results of our previous studies on these substances showing that they are able to modify cellular receptors for thyroid and several other hormones. PMID- 3217985 TI - Absence of acquired thermotolerance in murine tumors unable to increase the expression of heat shock proteins following stress stimuli. AB - The induction of thermotolerance was studied in two groups of murine tumors, one able to produce heat shock proteins (HSP) and the other entirely lacking HSP expression in response to various stress inducers. Heat treatments were performed in vitro and the development of thermotolerance was then evaluated in vivo. The data obtained on the death rate of mice inoculated with tumor cells previously conditioned at 42 degrees C for 1 h and then challenged at 45 degrees C for 30 min following 2 h of reincubation at 37 degrees C, show that the rate of survival is far higher in mice inoculated with HSP negative tumor cells. This indicates that a large number of cells able to increase HSP synthesis following stress escape heat killing, whereas cells unable to express HSP after adequate stimuli are less tolerant against heat challenge. PMID- 3217986 TI - An attempt at topical DNCB immunomodulation in advanced malignant melanoma. AB - Nineteen patients with malignant melanoma metastatic to the skin, subcutaneous tissue or lymph nodes were treated with DNCB applied to the lesion. None of the patients was amenable to any other form of treatment. During the 20-month follow up, complete remission occurred in 3 patients and partial remission in 3 patients, 1 patient showed stabilization of the disease, and in the remaining 12 not even transient improvement was observed. PMID- 3217987 TI - Electron microscopy in an oncologic institution. Diagnostic usefulness in surgical pathology. AB - A retrospective survey of all electron microscopic (EM) examinations of surgical pathology specimens obtained at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan over a 5 year period (1981-1985) was carried out. During this time a total of 259 cases were examined: for 97 (38%) electron microscopy provided a substantial diagnostic contribution, whereas in 151 (58%) it confirmed the previous light microscopic diagnosis. In our experience, EM was most useful for diagnosing selected cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma predominantly metastatic, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma and poorly differentiated neuroepithelial tumors and less helpful in the further analysis of cases of malignant mesothelioma, Ewing's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and fibrohistiocytic malignancies. In cases of well-differentiated neuroepithelial tumors, such as carcinoids, EM data was essentially confirmatory of (immuno)-histochemical findings. PMID- 3217988 TI - Radio-induced sarcomas in survivors of Ewing's sarcoma. AB - Of 255 cases of Ewing's sarcoma recorded at the Bone Tumor Center of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 78 patients (irradiated and with a follow-up of longer than 3 years) were considered "at risk" for the development of a second radio induced sarcoma (RIS). Three of the 78 patients developed an RIS in the irradiated field. Theoretical and statistical analyses were carried out considering different modalities of local treatment. Statistically, the only significant factor was related to the irradiation dose. Surgical resection seems to prevent RIS. PMID- 3217989 TI - Lung cancer in acute myelomonocytic leukemia: a report of two cases. AB - The authors describe two cases of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia, FAB subtype M4, who developed a lung cancer while in complete remission of the leukemia. The possible interrelations between the two diseases are discussed. PMID- 3217990 TI - t(1;7) in acute myeloblastic leukemia following myelodysplastic syndrome (RAEB T). AB - A case is described of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) refractory anemia type with an excess of blasts in transformation with early leukemic evolution (AML-M1). All bone marrow cells examined showed an unbalanced translocation t(1;7). The karyotype was 45, xy, -21, -7, + der dic t(1;7) (q12;q21). There are reports in the literature of the translocation t(1;7) (p11;p11), which leads to trisomy of the long arms of chromosome #1 and monosomy of the long arms of chromosome #7. In the case here described the breakpoints of the chromosomes involved in the translocation differ from the classic ones: in this case there is trisomy of the region 1q12----1qter and monosomy of the region 7q21----7qter. Some clinical and cytogenetic considerations are suggested. PMID- 3217991 TI - Timing of surgery and the role of cytoreductive chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. AB - We retrospectively selected 27 consecutive patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma (15 stage III, 11 stage IV and 1 relapse) who had an unresectable intraabdominal tumor at presentation and prospectively evaluated the overall treatment outcome. Patients were initially treated with chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin-containing regimens in 20 cases, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide in 5, and melphalan in 2. Treatment was continued until maximal tumor response or progression. Following a median of 6 cycles of chemotherapy, all patients underwent debulking surgery. Six women were without evidence of disease and 13 had minimal residual disease after surgery, for an overall 70% rate of optimal debulking. Patients with evidence of disease at laparotomy were treated with 5 additional cycles of chemotherapy, and response was then assessed at laparotomy except for patients with progressive disease. Nine (33%) patients were pathologic complete responders at the end of the entire treatment program. Overall median survival time was 26 months, with a median relapse-free survival of 33 months. Tumor responses were not associated with any particular chemotherapy regimen. The results achieved in this series of patients together with the data from the literature suggests that use of a cytoreductive chemotherapy of short duration has the potential of increasing the rate of optimal debulking surgery. Furthermore, it may contribute to a better disease control in women with bulky ovarian carcinoma compared to the present strategy, which consists of surgery followed by chemotherapy. PMID- 3217992 TI - Cisplatin (P) versus cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cisplatin (CAP) for stage III-IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a prospective randomized trial. AB - In 1982 a randomized trial was started to compare a cisplatin-containing polychemotherapy (CAP: cyclophosphamide - CPA 750 mg/m2, adriamycin - ADM 50 mg/m2, cisplatin - P 50 mg/m2 on day 1 every 21 days) with full-dose cisplatin as single agent (P 60 mg/m2/day on days 1 and 2 every 28 days) in 44 patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy or debulking surgery for stage III-IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma with residual disease greater than 5 cm. The response was evaluated at second-look surgery with random biopsies and peritoneal washing. On the basis of the final results the authors underline some data which, although merely indicative (because of the small number of patients) appear to be worth considering since they are in accordance with the latest reports: a) similar response rate (CR + PR = 47%) to first-line treatment in the two groups; b) the CAP treatment may achieve a longer median duration of CRs than the P treatment (20 versus 11 months); c) overall survival seems similar in the two groups of patients (19 versus 18 months), whereas the survival of CRs seems longer in the CAP treated patients (greater than 32 versus 25 months). The authors also discuss some observations on a possible salvage therapy. PMID- 3217993 TI - A phase II study of mitoxantrone. AB - Thirty pretreated patients with progressive and measurable solid tumors (24/30 patients) or myeloproliferative diseases (6/30 patients) were given mitoxantrone at the dose of 5 mg/m2/day in 250 ml normal saline over 30 minutes infusion for 3 consecutive days every 3 weeks. A total of 104 cycles were administered, median 3 for each patient. 39/104 cycles were delayed for a median of 9 days (from 2 to 59 days) because of myelodepression grade I to III (median I); no infection or bleeding was observed. Grade I to II alopecia was recorded in 16 patients. Chronic cardiac toxicity was observed in one patient previously treated with adriamycin. Mitoxantrone at the studied dose schedule in heavily pretreated subjects was well tolerated every 3 to 4 weeks. In 25/30 patients evaluable for response, one patient had a PR, another had 25% reduction (both patients previously treated) and eleven patients obtained disease stability. This effectiveness, 1 PR, 1 MR, 11 disease stability, is not negligible when it is considered that mitoxantrone was the seventh median line of therapy and the fifth median antiblastic drug. PMID- 3217995 TI - Hypophosphatemic oncogenic osteomalacia: report of three new cases. AB - Three cases of connective tissue tumors causing hypophosphatemic osteomalacia are reported and the literature is reviewed. In two of our patients the tumors were completely excised with total disappearance of the symptoms. In one case a total excision was not possible and the symptoms of this patient have not completely disappeared. The substance responsible for the syndrome has not been identified yet, but probably interferes with vitamin D renal hydroxylation, thus causing osteomalacia. As more than 30 per cent of cases of this condition have been reported in the last 5 years, it is suggested that these tumors are more frequent than previously believed. PMID- 3217996 TI - [Accident surgery in Southern Germany]. PMID- 3217994 TI - Bilateral primary malignant lymphoma of the breast. A case report. AB - A case of bilateral primary malignant lymphoma of the breast in a 30 year old woman is described. The tumors were first discovered during a self-examination of the breast at the 7th month of pregnancy. Thereafter they rapidly increased in size. The patient underwent simple bilateral mastectomy, and histological examination revealed a centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma. The patient is alive and well 9 months after mastectomy. PMID- 3217997 TI - [Experiences with the self-supporting type SCL hip screw prosthesis]. AB - After having experienced different systems of cementless bonding for 12 years the method of screwing--in prostheses has been applied for several years now. In doing so a cementless fixing-system has been created while the implants- acetabulum cup and femoral infibulum--contact the bone with the whole surface and they are primarily fixbonded to the bone. The result of the fellow-up examinations are very satisfactory and positive results are expected as well for future fellow up examinations. PMID- 3217998 TI - [Tibial fractures: plate osteosynthesis using a dorsal approach]. AB - From the Department of the traumatic surgery of the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universitat Frankfurt a.M. 726 injuries of the tibia where treated from 1. 1. 1975 to 31. 12. 1986 and 50 fractures of the tibial bone where stabilised with a AO-DC-plate which where placed posterior of the tibia. The reasons for this are discussed an the results are explained. PMID- 3218000 TI - [The value of clinical aspects, laboratory and circulatory parameters in blunt abdominal trauma]. AB - Within seven years 506 patients with blunt abdominal trauma were included into a prospective trial. The aim of the study was checking of the validity of clinical parameters, routinely performed laboratory examinations and of the initial circulatory situation in relation to an abdominal organ lesion. Three groups were separated out of the total collective: Group 1: Patients without abdominal lesion (N = 274). Group 2: Patients with abdominal lesion, verified by operation, sonography or CAT scan (N = 232). Group 3: Patients with rupture of the spleen (N = 107) (subgroup of 2). Among the clinical parameters: spontaneous abdominal pain, contusions marks, abdominal tenderness, shoulder pain, and abdominal palpation, the latter does have a high validity (92%). However, in group 1, more than half of the cases also had palpation pain. Shoulder pain has a high sensitivity. Of the laboratory parameters: hemoglobin, hematocrit and leucocytes, only the leucocyte count provided a certain importance: 83% of group 2 had values above 10,000. The circulatory parameters blood pressure and pulse as initial spot picture are of minor validity. Continuous registration of these values at clinical observation has much higher relevance indicating trends towards improvement or deterioration. PMID- 3217999 TI - [Decubitus ulcer in paraplegic patients--a comparative clinico-pathologic study]. AB - 331 pressure sores of 141 patients with paraplegia were investigated histologically, the results were partly correlated with the roentgenological features. The level of the spinal cord lesion was the segment Th12-L1 in 45%, the decubital ulcers were mostly localized above the os ischiadicum (64%). A pseudocancerosis was diagnosed in 14.2%, one time a cancer in a sacral decubitus has been found. The inflammation was limited to the soft tissue in 56.9%, in 28.5% a chronic osteomyelitis of different severity had developed. In 73.6% of the patients with a histologically proven osteomyelitis this osteomyelitis could be diagnosed roentgenologically too. The high amount and severity of the dermal and bony lesions justifies the radical surgical therapy of the pressure sores, which is practised today. Our investigations of chronic pressure sores did not point out new aspects of aetiology of pathogenesis--this is only possible by experimental models. PMID- 3218001 TI - [Functional status of the kidneys and upper urinary tract after anti-reflux operations in children]. PMID- 3218002 TI - [Vesico-ureteral reflux associated with functional disorders of the distal segment of the large intestine in children]. PMID- 3218004 TI - [Diagnostic value of determining the levels of lipid-bound sialic acids in the blood in cancer of the kidneys]. PMID- 3218003 TI - [Reconstructive operations in stenosis of the pelvi-ureteral segment of the horseshoe kidney]. PMID- 3218005 TI - [Endovascular diagnosis and treatment of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction related impotence]. PMID- 3218007 TI - [Criteria of the evaluation of the aggregative capacity of thrombocytes in patients with chronic renal failure during hemodialysis]. PMID- 3218006 TI - [Use of activated coagulation time for evaluation of the degree of heparinization and calculation of heparin pharmacokinetic parameters during hemodialysis]. PMID- 3218008 TI - [Legal aspects of patient services in urological practice]. PMID- 3218009 TI - [Intestinal plastic surgery in interstitial cystitis with a shrinking bladder]. PMID- 3218010 TI - [Simultaneous nephrectomy and lobectomy of the lung in cancer of the kidney]. PMID- 3218011 TI - [Total necrosis of the urinary system as a result of drug therapy]. PMID- 3218012 TI - [Extracorporeal ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood in the treatment of urological patients with renal failure]. PMID- 3218013 TI - [Prevention of infectious-inflammatory complications of percutaneous treatment of nephroureterolithiasis]. PMID- 3218014 TI - [Experimental corroboration of the use of "Cyacrin CO-4" in nephrotomy]. PMID- 3218015 TI - [Classification of vesico-ureteral reflux]. PMID- 3218016 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of the state of the kidneys and ureters in developmental anomalies of the upper urinary tract in children]. PMID- 3218018 TI - [Effect of hemodialysis on the blood coagulation system]. PMID- 3218019 TI - [Selection of the method of treating various types of penile deformities]. PMID- 3218017 TI - [Precision chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of urinary composition]. PMID- 3218020 TI - [Calcified tuberculous kidney]. PMID- 3218021 TI - [Extracorporeal ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood in the treatment of urological patients with acute inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 3218022 TI - [Effectiveness of mesopic color perimetry in early glaucoma]. PMID- 3218023 TI - [Morphological study of the connective tissue framework of the optic nerve in open-angle glaucoma and vascular pathology]. PMID- 3218024 TI - [Post-thrombotic neovascular glaucoma (clinico-morphological aspects)]. PMID- 3218025 TI - [Visometry and visocontrastometry: their status and prospects]. PMID- 3218026 TI - [Variants of microsurgical technics for removing foreign bodies from the anterior chamber]. PMID- 3218027 TI - [Trans-scleral contact laser cyclocoagulation in glaucoma]. PMID- 3218028 TI - [Simultaneous extraction of bilateral congenital cataract in children]. PMID- 3218029 TI - [Circulatory changes in blood vessels of the ciliary body during cataract extraction in elderly patients]. PMID- 3218030 TI - [Endothelial microscopy in cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation in children]. PMID- 3218032 TI - [The role of peroxidation in cosmetic ophthalmology]. PMID- 3218031 TI - [The state of the corneal endothelium after exposure to lasers of various types]. PMID- 3218033 TI - [Remote results of sclera-fortifying injections in progressive myopia]. PMID- 3218034 TI - [Rehabilitation with contact lenses for patients with myopia and a history of surgery for retinal detachment]. PMID- 3218035 TI - [Clinico-experimental substantiation of the use of tocopherol in the treatment of ocular herpes simplex]. PMID- 3218036 TI - [Trabeculoretraction (autorecanalization of the scleral sinus)]. PMID- 3218037 TI - [Aspergillous keratitis with corneal perforation]. PMID- 3218038 TI - Solovets and multivets. PMID- 3218039 TI - A field trial in Belgium to control fox rabies by oral immunisation. AB - Campaigns of fox vaccination against rabies were carried out in Belgium in September 1986 and June and September 1987. The SAD B19 attenuated strain of rabies virus was inserted into baits which were distributed over an area of 2100 km2 at a density of 11 baits/km2. As recommended by the World Health Organisation, the efficacy and the innocuity of the method were controlled in the field and in the laboratory. Samples of blood and brain and jaw were taken from foxes which were shot or found dead in the vaccination area, for the diagnosis of rabies, the titration of antirabies antibody and the detection of tetracycline marker. In rabid animals, the virus strain was characterised by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies. In September 1987, the uptake of the baits had reached 72 per cent by 14 days after distribution. Several wild species competed with foxes in taking the baits. After the last campaign, tetracycline was found in 65 per cent of the healthy foxes collected and rabies virus neutralising antibodies were detected in 77 per cent of them. In 1987, the incidence of rabies decreased markedly in the vaccination area compared with the untreated areas. No vaccine virus was isolated either from rabid animals or from 228 small mammals trapped in the vaccination area. PMID- 3218040 TI - Streptococcus suis and other streptococcal species as a cause of extramammary infection in ruminants. PMID- 3218041 TI - Dearth of veterinarians. PMID- 3218042 TI - Intravaginal sponge insertion technique. PMID- 3218043 TI - Sow welfare. PMID- 3218044 TI - Suspect ivermectin toxicity. PMID- 3218046 TI - PAYE and locums. PMID- 3218045 TI - Probiotic use. PMID- 3218047 TI - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies. AB - This study, initiated in June 1987, describes the epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a recently described novel neurological disease of domestic cattle first identified in Great Britain in November 1986. Records suggested that the earliest suspected cases occurred in April 1985. There was variability in the presenting signs and the disease course, but the majority of cases developed behavioural disorders, gait ataxia, paresis and loss of bodyweight; pruritus was not a predominant sign. The form of the epidemic was typical of an extended common source in which all affected animals were index cases. The use of therapeutic or agricultural chemicals on affected farms presented no common factors. Specific genetic analyses eliminated BSE from being exclusively determined by simple mendelian inheritance. Neither was there any evidence that it was introduced into Great Britain by imported cattle or semen. The study supports previous evidence of aetiological similarities between BSE and scrapie of sheep. The findings were consistent with exposure of cattle to a scrapie-like agent, via cattle feedstuffs containing ruminant-derived protein. It is suggested that exposure began in 1981/82 and that the majority of affected animals became infected in calfhood. PMID- 3218048 TI - Fluoroscopic study of the birth posture of the sheep fetus. AB - Video-taped fluoroscopy was used in a research programme to review the characteristic attitudes of fetal limbs, head, neck and trunk, throughout the course of physiologically normal parturition in sheep. Nine fetuses from eight ewes were monitored during the whole process of natural birth by means of image intensified X-ray fluoroscopy. All nine births were spontaneous and full term; with one exception they were unassisted. In all examinations the ewes were placed on their left sides on the X-ray table and lightly restrained with loose rope shackles. At parturition the ewes were fully conditioned to the examination procedure and had considerable limb mobility which allowed them to strain naturally during labour. No treatment was given to induce parturition or sedation. The consistency of observations was notable. A major finding was in the postural adaption of the forelimbs, taking the form of carpal extension with extreme flexion of the elbow and shoulder joints. This prepartum posture persisted throughout parturition in all monitored cases and is suggested as normal. The moulding effect of uterine contractions evidently acted on the hindquarters, contributing to their bunched (flexed) posture until mid-expulsion of the fetus. Full extension of all the hind limb joints occurred promptly when the fetal stifle region contacted the maternal pubis at terminal expulsion. PMID- 3218050 TI - Isolation of infective and non-infective Eperythrozoon suis bodies from the whole blood of infected swine. PMID- 3218049 TI - Treatment of Dicrocoelium dendriticum with a combination of thiophanate and brotianide. PMID- 3218052 TI - Cud-dropping in sheep. PMID- 3218051 TI - MoD grant to Bristol veterinary school. PMID- 3218053 TI - Rectal prolapse in pigs. PMID- 3218054 TI - Familial nephropathy in soft-coated wheaten terriers. PMID- 3218055 TI - Detomidine. PMID- 3218056 TI - Prevalence of pleurisy in pigs at slaughter. AB - The mean (+/- sd) batch prevalence of pleura stripping of finished pigs going for slaughter in four abattoirs in eastern England was 0.15 +/- 0.04, and the average batch proportion of lungs totally condemned was 0.23 +/- 0.05. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of carcases requiring total lung condemnation and the number of carcases requiring pleura stripping. There was no significant differences between the type of producer, the herd size or the mean batch live weight and the prevalence of pleurisy, either within individual abattoirs or combining the data from the four abattoirs. There was considerable variation in the batch prevalence of pleurisy from the same producer, indicating the need to monitor a number of batches in order to determine the prevalence of pleurisy on a farm. PMID- 3218058 TI - A study of the central cavity in the bovine corpus luteum. AB - Seven hundred and six bovine corpora lutea in various luteal stages were examined morphologically and endocrinologically to discover whether there is a relationship between the presence of a central cavity in the corpus luteum and infertility in cows. A central cavity was found in 42.1 per cent (80/190) of developing corpora lutea, 33.7 per cent (126/374) of fully developed corpora lutea, 11.1 per cent (7/63) of corpora lutea in regression and in 5.1 per cent (4/79) of corpora lutea in pregnancy. There was no significant difference between the rates of appearance of midcycle follicles in corpora lutea either with or without a central cavity. The proportion of luteal cell type 1 was higher in fully developed corpora lutea with a central cavity than without, but the reverse was found with luteal cell type 2. In fully developed corpora lutea the concentration of progesterone in the luteal tissue was significantly higher in corpora lutea with a central cavity. These results suggest that there are some differences in luteal function between corpora lutea with and without a central cavity, but that the presence of a central cavity in a corpus luteum cannot be described as a pathological condition. PMID- 3218059 TI - Proligestone and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3218057 TI - The place of molecular biology in veterinary research and teaching. PMID- 3218060 TI - Diazepam for inappetence. PMID- 3218061 TI - Question of practice standards. PMID- 3218062 TI - Ovine keratoconjunctivitis experimentally induced by instillation of Mycoplasma conjunctivae. AB - Five sheep, free from Mycoplasma conjunctivae and ocular Chlamydia infection, were experimentally inoculated with M. conjunctivae and five more sheep were exposed to the infection by contact. Keratoconjunctivitis developed in all ten sheep. As in natural outbreaks of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC), clinical signs were generally moderate and transient, and recurred in some sheep. M. conjunctivae was detected throughout the 53-day observation period. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination of three sheep. Moraxella ovis, found in six of the ten sheep before the start of the experiment, appeared to play no etiologic role in the development of IKC. PMID- 3218063 TI - Efficacy of early season anthelmintic treatment against gastrointestinal nematodes. AB - The efficacy of levamisole and ivermectin in multiple-dose regimes for the control of parasitic gastroenteritis in first-season grazing calves was evaluated on a dairy cattle farm in Belgium. Thirty-nine female Holstein crossbred calves were randomly divided into three groups. Paddock 1 was used for the controls, paddock 2 for the levamisole group (dosed at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after the start of grazing) and paddock 3 for the ivermectin group (dosed at 3 and 8 weeks after turn-out). The treatments were evaluated on the basis of live weight, faecal egg output, and serum pepsinogen levels. The impact of the therapeutic dosing at timed intervals during the first months of the grazing season was remarkable; egg output in the levamisole and ivermectin groups between June and early October was substantially lower. The treatments seem to adequately control Ostertagia, because serum pepsinogen values were much lower from August onwards. Better weight gains were observed in both the treatment groups. The experiment also illustrated the advantage of early housing of calves. PMID- 3218064 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in calves with hereditary zinc deficiency (lethal trait A 46). AB - Frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in cultured blood lymphocytes are rather lower than higher in calves with hereditary zinc deficiency (lethal trait A 46) than in healthy, normal cows. PMID- 3218066 TI - Destructive cholangiolitis in seven dogs. AB - In seven dogs presented with clinical signs and laboratory data suggestive of extrahepatic cholestasis, destructive cholangiolitis was diagnosed. The diagnosis was based on the absence of extrahepatic cholestasis at laparoscopy, laparotomy and/or post-mortem examination, and the presence of specific liver lesions i.e. loss of bile ducts in the smaller portal areas. The disease is compared with drug induced (chlorpromazine) cholestasis in man. In two dogs clinical signs were preceded by longstanding respectively repeated sulphonamide medication. PMID- 3218065 TI - Coarctatio aortae in pigs: a morphological approach. AB - Two types of coarctatio aortae in pigs are described. In the juvenile type the, funnel-shaped, narrowing in the arcus aortae was located between the origin of the a. subclavia sinistra and the aortic end of the ductus arteriosus or ligamentum arteriosum. Until now, this type has been observed only in animals with other heart anomalies. In the adult type, the narrowing of the arcus aortae was crescent-shaped and was located at the aortic end of the ductus arteriosus or ligamentum arteriosum. Histologic examination of parts of the funnel-shaped and the crescent-shaped narrowing revealed that the two types of coarctatio aortae develop differently. PMID- 3218067 TI - Reduction of salmonella infection of broilers by spray application of intestinal microflora: a longitudinal study. AB - The Nurmi concept for diminishing salmonella infection of poultry by application of gastrointestinal microflora from adult birds into newly hatched chicks was tested in a field study in which 8 million broilers were involved. Half of the 284 flocks was treated in the hatchery by spray application of an undefined microflora propagated in SPF chicks. A significant reduction in salmonella contaminated flocks, as well as in the number of infected broilers in these flocks was demonstrated. No undesirable side effects were detected. It was concluded that hygienic improvements in transportation and slaughtering of broilers are needed in order to maintain the reduced salmonella contamination rate. PMID- 3218068 TI - Influence of coccidiosis on growth rate and feed conversion in broilers after experimental infections with Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima. AB - Under experimental conditions, the effects of subclinical Eimeria (E.) acervulina and E. maxima infections on growth and feed conversion in broilers of different ages were analysed. It was concluded that infection with E. acervulina and E. maxima led to a process which was independent of the age at which the birds were infected. The infection adversely affected growth and feed conversion for 2 to 3 weeks, followed by a recovery period of 2 to 3 weeks when compensatory growth took place. From this study it may be concluded that subclinical coccidiosis in the first weeks of life and in the last week of life of broilers does not lead to appreciable damage on growth and feed conversion. Since coccidiosis cannot be avoided in practice, systems in which broilers contact subclinical coccidiosis either in the first weeks of life or in the last week of life should be aimed for. It is suggested that in a coccidiostat programme an efficient anticoccidiosis agent is particularly desirable in the 3rd and 2nd week before slaughter. Examinations performed one week or less before slaughter can hardly be justified, on the grounds that there is a risk of a negative effect on growth an feed conversion due to subclinical coccidiosis. PMID- 3218069 TI - The absorption of a new sustained release furazolidone formulation from the digestive tract of piglets and calves. AB - Chyme concentrations and total recoveries of furazolidone (5 mg/kg body-weight) were determined by a HPLC-method, after oral administration of two different furazolidone formulations to piglets (n = 6) and pre-ruminant calves (n = 8), provided with an ileal re-entrant canula. Additional blood samples were taken from the calves to measure the time dependent plasma levels of furazolidone. In the case of the normal crystalline preparation, the results indicate an almost complete absorption of the drug from the upper parts of the digestive tract. In both species, 96-99% of the dose had been absorbed by the time it reached the end of the ileum. The mean ileal recovery of the newly developed furazolidone formulation in calves and piglets was 14% and 38%, respectively. In calves the observed maximum plasma concentrations of furazolidone after oral application of the sustained release formulation were 14 times lower than with the normal crystalline preparation. PMID- 3218070 TI - Monitoring milk for chloramphenicol residues by an immunoassay (Quik-card). AB - An easy to perform immunoassay method (Quik-card) for monitoring milk on the presence of chloramphenicol residues exceeding 5 to 10 ppb is described, as well as an extraction and preconcentration method utilising a Sep-pak silica cartridge, which enables the detection of CAP residues in milk in concentrations exceeding 1 ppb by HPLC and 0.1 ppb by the immunoassay. PMID- 3218071 TI - N-oxidation, N-demethylation, and excretion of pefloxacin by the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans. AB - Pefloxacin is minimally absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans and then N-oxidised and N-demethylated. Pefloxacin is excreted within one hour after being given orally to the turtles. PMID- 3218072 TI - Use of recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus for oral vaccination of fox cubs (Vulpes vulpes, L) against rabies. AB - Thirteen fox cubs were orally administered 10(7.2) plaque-forming units of live vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus. On Day 28 post-vaccination, all but 1 cub had produced rabies virus antibodies. Twelve animals were intramuscularly inoculated with 10(3.2) mouse intracerebral LD50 of rabies virus suspension on Days 33 (5 foxes), 180 (4 foxes) or 360 (3 foxes) after vaccination. Eleven of them resisted rabies challenge. Unvaccinated foxes, either put in contact with 1 vaccinated animal or used as controls, died after challenge applied on Day 33. The absence of horizontal transmission of this vaccine strain and its innocuity to cubs were also demonstrated. PMID- 3218073 TI - Arboviruses recovered from sentinel livestock in northern Australia. AB - Over 700 arboviruses were recovered between 1981 and 1987 from the blood of sentinel livestock near Darwin. Twenty-three isolates were made from sheep, goats, swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and horses, and the remainder were from cattle. The isolates have been typed as 27 separate viruses belonging to the bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, Palyam, Simbu, bovine ephemeral fever, Tibrogargan and alphavirus groups. Ten of these viruses have not been isolated elsewhere in Australia and four have been isolated only in Darwin. Considerable annual variations in virus activity and in the durations of detectable viraemia were observed. PMID- 3218074 TI - Arboviruses recovered from sentinel cattle using several virus isolation methods. AB - A group of 20 sentinel steers was bled weekly for 5 months in 1986 and the blood samples were examined for arboviruses by inoculation firstly into embryonated chicken eggs (ECE), baby mice, Aedes albopictus cells and BHK21 monolayers. A second group of cattle was similarly examined for virus in 1987, except that baby mice were not used. Viruses were recovered from 26% of the 878 weekly bleeds. The viruses identified consisted of 14 types belonging to the bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD), Palyam and Simbu groups with a single isolation of bovine ephemeral fever virus. The ECE system was found to be the best for isolating bluetongue and Simbu viruses, though the eggs were not usually killed by the inoculum. The ECE and A. albopictus systems were equally sensitive for recovering EHD viruses, while Palyam group viruses were most efficiently isolated in BHK21 monolayers. PMID- 3218075 TI - The pathogenesis of turbinate atrophy in pigs caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica. AB - The pathogenicity of 3 strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica designated B58, PV6 and B65 was compared by intranasal infection of gnotobiotic piglets. Strain B58 was a phase 1 isolate that produced haemolysin, an adhesin for calf erythrocytes, adenylate cyclase, mouse lethal factor, dermonecrotic factor and cytotoxin. B65 was a variant of B58 that produced no detectable haemolysin, adhesin or adenylate cyclase and 10-fold smaller amounts than B58 of mouse lethal factor, dermonecrotic factor and cytotoxin. Strain PV6 was a phase 1 isolate that produced only haemolysin, adhesin and adenylate cyclase. After nasal infection of gnotobiotic pigs, 10(3.2)-10(6.2) colony forming units ml-1 (cfu ml-1) of strains B58 and PV6 were cultured from nasal washings during the next 25 days. In contrast, only 10(1.0)-10(2.8) cfu ml-1 of strain B65 were recovered during the same period. Only pigs infected with strain B58 had turbinate atrophy when they were slaughtered 25 days after infection and neutralising antibody to cytotoxin was detected only in these pigs. These results suggested that the cytotoxin, which may be the same as the mouse lethal and dermonecrotic factors, was the cause of turbinate atrophy. They also support the view that the adhesin for calf erythrocytes is required for colonisation of the nasal cavity in vivo. PMID- 3218076 TI - Antimicrobial resistance of fecal coliforms from pigs in a herd not exposed to antimicrobial agents for 126 months. AB - Patterns of antimicrobial resistance were determined for lactose-fermenting fecal coliforms obtained during a 20-month period from pigs in a herd without exposure to antimicrobial drugs for 126 months. Mean percent resistance to cephalothin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, naladixic acid, streptomycin and tetracycline was lower (P less than 0.01) for isolates obtained during the 20-month period (Group 2) than for isolates obtained during the first 13 months (Group 1) after the withdrawal of antibiotics. Mean tetracycline resistance was 40.5% for Group 2 isolates. Approximately 44% of the Group 2 isolates were resistant to the 10 antimicrobial agents compared with 74.9% for the Group 1 isolates (P less than 0.01). Multiple resistance was lower (P less than 0.01) in the Group 2 isolates than in the Group 1 isolates. Four resistance patterns (tetracycline, tetracycline-streptomycin, tetracycline-sulfisoxazole, tetracycline-streptomycin sulfisoxazole) accounted for 74% of the resistant isolates. PMID- 3218077 TI - Interaction of sub-epithelial connective tissue components with Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci from bovine mastitis. AB - Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from bovine mastitis were examined for their ability to interact with 125I-labelled fibronectin, fibrinogen and type II collagen. Their relative surface hydrophobicity and production of extracellular capsule were also investigated. Almost all S. aureus strains bound fibronectin (mean value 23%), fibrinogen (mean value 12%) and type II collagen (mean value 16%). CNS bound fibronectin (mean value 6%) and type II collagen (mean value 7%), but not fibrinogen (mean value 2%). The specificity of binding of these proteins to S. aureus strain F1440 and to coagulase-negative Staphylococcus chromogenes strain BO52 was studied by adding an excess of unlabelled proteins. Fibronectin and collagen binding were observed to be specific, varying between 50 and 75%, whereas the specificity of fibrinogen binding to S. aureus strain F1440 was lower (26%). Most of the S. aureus strains (63%) showed very high surface hydrophobicity (autoaggregation) or lower hydrophobicity (29% of the strains) and the rest were hydrophilic. None of the CNS strains autoaggregated, 44% were classified as hydrophilic strains. Hydrophilic strains (except the reference strains) did not show extracellular capsule production. However, the encapsulated (reference) strains showed low binding to these proteins as compared to their unencapsulated variants. Pre treatment of S. aureus strain F1440 and S. chromogenes strain BO52 with trypsin decreased their fibronectin binding capacity and surface hydrophobicity, whereas pre-treatment with bovine milk (except on collagen binding to strain F1440) did not significantly affect binding to these proteins. These data indicate that S. aureus and CNS isolated from bovine udder infection have the ability to bind to tissue matrix and plasma proteins which may be exposed in the traumatized or toxin-damaged udder epithelial lesions. PMID- 3218078 TI - Treponema hyodysenteriae growth under various culture conditions. AB - The influence of various culture conditions on the growth of Treponema hyodysenteriae was determined. Six different anaerobically prepared culture broths were tested for the ability to support growth of strains B78, B204 and B169. Each medium contained glucose (0.2%) and 10% (v/v, final concn.) heat inactivated fetal calf serum. Brain-heart infusion (BHIS), heart infusion (HS) and veal infusion (VS) broths gave the highest cell yields of the spirochete with the shortest incubation times. Vigorous mixing of the cultures and the introduction of O2 (1%, final concn.) into the culture atmosphere were necessary for optimum growth. Although BHIS broth was found to be the best for routine cultivation of the 3 strains, HS broth was more suitable for investigating the physiology of growing cells, inasmuch as cell growth in this medium was limited unless a growth substrate was added. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, galactose, trehalose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, glucosamine, mannose, maltose and pyruvate were growth substrates for all 3 strains. During the growth of B204 cells in HS broth under N2:O2 (99:1), glucose and O2 were consumed and CO2, H2, acetate and butyrate were produced. In HS agar-containing medium, cells of strains B78 and B204 formed spreading colonies typical in appearance to those of other spirochetes. PMID- 3218080 TI - [Current demands for a medical first aid record and ways for its improvement]. PMID- 3218079 TI - S.S.P.E.: some clues to pathogenesis from epidemiological data. AB - This study is a preliminary report of the national registry of S.S.P.E. cases started in 1987 which continue early epidemiological inquiries concerning incidence in Romania during the decade 1978-1987. The analysis pointed out the high incidence of this disease: a mean incidence rate of 6.35 cases per year per million total population in the last three years. Since 1979 there has been in Romania a sharp decline in the incidence of measles induced by the initiation of compulsory vaccination. As yet this decline is not reflected in S.S.P.E. incidence. The male/female ratio varied between 1.78-3.3 according to the year of observation. The mean age at S.S.P.E. onset increased from 6-7 years at the beginning of the interval to 9.63 years in 1987. The S.S.P.E. incidence is unevenly distributed between rural and urban area and clusters of S.S.P.E. cases were observed in certain countries. Other categories of information which may be relevant to pathogenesis are discussed: immunological history, previous hospitalization and illnesses, family history, recent health problems prior to S.S.P.E. onset, education, vacations, food habits and animal-exposure history. PMID- 3218081 TI - [Applied aspects of comprehensive assessment of hospital activities]. PMID- 3218082 TI - [The importance of technical teaching aids in optimizing the academic process]. PMID- 3218083 TI - [A method for conducting exercises in the basics of organizing epidemic control measures in a troop unit]. PMID- 3218084 TI - [Ways to improve and raise the quality of specialized emergency medical care at a general hospital]. PMID- 3218085 TI - [Dermatoplasty using flaps with an axial blood supply in certain forms of surgical pathology]. PMID- 3218086 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of lymphedema of the extremities]. PMID- 3218087 TI - [Treatment of recurrence of varicose veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3218088 TI - [Current problems in the intensive therapy of infectious patients]. PMID- 3218090 TI - [Ways to improve health inspection (a discussion of the article by L. A. Ianyshin)]. PMID- 3218089 TI - [Adaptation of young servicemen to conditions of military service and prevention of maladaptive disorders (2)]. PMID- 3218091 TI - [Correction of the body function of flight instructors in aviation schools during intensive flights]. PMID- 3218092 TI - [Medical support for diving operations in the Far North using a drifting ice floe]. PMID- 3218093 TI - [Active irrigation of the oral cavity in the combined treatment and rehabilitation of maxillofacial patients]. PMID- 3218094 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic edema of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3218095 TI - [Successful resuscitation at a military sanatorium]. PMID- 3218096 TI - [The work organization of a temporary office for neurofunctional diagnosis at a naval hospital]. PMID- 3218097 TI - [Principles of the development of a chronic course of peptic ulcer in young people]. PMID- 3218098 TI - [Use of fiber esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the ambulatory care of personnel in troop units]. PMID- 3218099 TI - [Hypokinesia as a psychoneurologic risk factor]. PMID- 3218100 TI - [The early diagnosis of myocardial infarct (the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic)]. PMID- 3218101 TI - [Clinical picture of the equivalent of stenosis of the main branch of the left coronary artery]. PMID- 3218102 TI - [Truncal vagotomy, antrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy in the surgical treatment of ulcer disease]. PMID- 3218103 TI - [Neurophysiologic study of lesions of the brachial root and brachial plexus]. PMID- 3218104 TI - [Retinal periphlebitis in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3218105 TI - [A puncture method for implantation of permanent pacemakers]. PMID- 3218106 TI - [Use of topical mechlorethamine solution--a new, immunologic approach in the treatment of alopecia areata]. PMID- 3218107 TI - [Standardization of bronchial provocation tests using histamine]. PMID- 3218108 TI - [A 10-year study of a single natural focus of leptospirosis in Posavina]. PMID- 3218109 TI - [The day-care hospital today and tomorrow]. PMID- 3218110 TI - [Pemphigus caused by drugs and physical factors]. PMID- 3218111 TI - [Clinical significance of the immunologic differences between pseudolupus and lupus]. PMID- 3218112 TI - [Fibronectin in septic states]. PMID- 3218113 TI - [Effectiveness of laser therapy in bronchial asthma patients with various functional states of the cardiorespiratory system]. PMID- 3218114 TI - [Use of dimexide electrophoresis in the therapy of patients with duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3218115 TI - [Experience in using reflexotherapy in the combined treatment of mental diseases]. PMID- 3218116 TI - [The muscle activity of the forelimbs in dogs during the dynamic recovery of motor function following a focal lesion of the motor area of the brain]. PMID- 3218117 TI - [Comparative characteristics of organic substances in the low-mineral springs of the Irkutsk Province and in naftusia mineral water]. PMID- 3218118 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of pesticide pollution of coastal seawater]. PMID- 3218119 TI - [Liver-protective properties of lipids in sludge]. PMID- 3218120 TI - [Changes in the blood serum protein spectrum in children with viral hepatitis under the influence of microwaves]. PMID- 3218121 TI - [Experimental transparenchymal destruction of kidney stones with shock waves]. PMID- 3218122 TI - [The demand for sanatorium-health resort care of children in perspective]. PMID- 3218123 TI - [Immune suppression in transcerebral exposure to 460-MHz microwaves]. PMID- 3218124 TI - [Trends in the scientific activities of the Institute of Balneology in the town of Marianske Lazne, the Czechoslovak SSR]. PMID- 3218125 TI - [Correlations between lysosomal enzymes and cyclic nucleotides during allergies in children]. AB - Correlation between activity of beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase and content of cAMP and cGMP was studied in lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from 20 children with atopic form of bronchial asthma and 9 patients with dermorespiratory syndrome. Activity of the lysosomal hydrolases studied correlated distinctly with the content of cyclic nucleotides in the leukocytes and lymphocytes of children with bronchial asthma and dermorespiratory syndrome. The most distinct relationship was found between the eosinophilia, the enzymatic activity and the cGMP content in lymphocytes and neutrophils under conditions of dermorespiratory syndrome. The data obtained suggest the dissimilarity of regulatory effects of cyclic nucleotides on functional activity of lysosomes in leukocytes of children with atopic form of bronchial asthma and dermorespiratory syndrome. PMID- 3218126 TI - [Determination of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and total carotenoids using high performance liquid chromatography]. AB - The problem of primary oncoprophylaxis might be settled basing on maintaining of essential vitamins level in a body. Development of corresponding methods for estimation of vitamins, their precursors and derivatives is of importance in the problem solution. PMID- 3218127 TI - [Development and comparisons of information value of different methods of myoglobin determination: solid phase immunoenzyme assay and hemagglutination test]. AB - Optimal conditions were developed for estimation of myoglobin using immunoenzyme assay (ELISA) of competitive and "sandwich" types. Informative efficiency of the ELISA procedures was compared with commercially available hemagglutination test "Erythrocyte diagnosticum for myoglobin detection; dry immunoglobulin". Efficiency of these assays both ELISA and hemagglutination test was found to be similar although hemagglutination is a semiquantitative procedure. The commercially available preparation exhibited some advantages; it is rapid, simple and reproducible. The hemagglutination test may be used as an express analysis in urgent medicine as well as in laboratories which do not possess special biochemical equipment. PMID- 3218128 TI - [Optimization of a method of determination of endogenous ethanol in the blood and tissues of man and experimental animals]. AB - An improved procedure is described for estimation of endogenous ethanol in human and animal biological fluids using gas chromatographic analysis of equilibrated steam. Sensitivity of the procedure was as low as 0.05 mg/L and relative error- about 6%. Content of endogenous ethanol constituted from 0.08 mg/L to 1.30 mg/l (the mean value was 0.38 +/- 0.07 mg/L) in blood of healthy men which did not consume alcohol for a long time. In blood and tissues of white rats content of ethanol was equal to 0.06-1.32 mg/L and 0.07-3.12 mg/l, respectively. PMID- 3218129 TI - [Significance of isoenzymes for diagnosis of myocardial infarction and methods of their analysis]. PMID- 3218131 TI - [Characteristics of the effect of hydrocortisone on biosynthesis of mitochondrial proteins in the liver of thyroidectomized rats]. AB - Biosynthesis of different groups of mitochondrial proteins was studied in liver cells of control and thyroidectomized rats after hydrocortisone administration. The hormone augmented protein biosynthesis in liver mitochondria within 15 min but the effect was less distinct in thyroidectomized rats. After hydrocortisone administration into intact rats the rate of liver mitochondrial proteins biosynthesis, coded by mitochondrial genes, was considerably higher as compared with those effects of nuclear genes, while biosynthesis of mitochondrial proteins was similarly increased in thyroidectomized rats. Hydrocortisone stimulated protein biosynthesis in matrix, inner and outer mitochondrial membranes of intact and thyroidectomized rats, whereas the biosynthesis was altered less distinctly in outer membranes. These data suggest that the effect of hydrocortisone on biosynthesis of proteins in mitochondria depended on content of thyroid hormones. PMID- 3218130 TI - [The role of rat liver microsomes in the metabolism of methylmethacrylate to formaldehyde]. AB - Rat liver microsomal carboxylesterase catalyzed hydrolysis of butyl methacrylate (BMA), butyl acrylate (BA), methyl acrylate (MA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The rate of butanol formation from BA and BMA was 4-fold higher as compared with methanol production from MA and MMA. Methanol was oxidized to formaldehyde at the next step of microsomal metabolism. The rate of methanol oxidation was increased 2.2-fold after addition of the NADPH-generating system into the incubation medium. In the mixture containing MMA, NADPH-generating system and liver microsomes, preinduced with phenobarbital or methyl cholanthrene, the rate of formaldehyde generation was increased 7- and 2-fold, respectively, as compared with the analogous experiments involving liver microsomes of control rats. Production of methanol and generation of formaldehyde were not detected after incubation of MMA with inactivated microsomes. The microsomal MMA-methanol oxidizing system was inhibited by CO or after addition of microsomes from rats pretreated with CoCL2. Sodium azide (0.05 mM) decreased 8-fold the rate of formaldehyde generation. PMID- 3218132 TI - [Isolation and comparative characteristics of rat transcortin in normal conditions and during experimental circulatory insufficiency]. AB - Corticosteroid binding protein, transcortin, was isolated using biospecific and hydroxyapatite chromatographic procedures. Mr-60,000 of transcortin was evaluated by means of electrophoresis; isoelectric points of the protein and of its complexes were detected. The association constants of transcortin with cortisol at 4 degrees constituted 2.8.10(8) M-1/mol of protein from intact animals containing one binding site and 9.8.10(8) M-1/mol of protein from impaired rates containing 0.39 binding site per a molecule. The maximal cortisol-binding activity of transcortin was shifted towards more alkaline pH value under the pathological conditions. Circular dichroism spectra of the transcortin-cortisol equimolar complexes were studied. The proteins studied were dissimilar in their main physicochemical properties and patterns of the steroid binding. PMID- 3218133 TI - [Effect of DL-carnitine and gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor 3-(2,2,2 trimethylhydrazinium) propionate on isoproterenol-induced changes in the metabolism of the rat myocardium]. AB - 3-(2,2,2-trimethyl hydrazinium) propionate (THP) is known as an inhibitor of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase in rat liver tissue. At the same time, THP, administered per os at a dose of 100 mg/kg within 10 days, prevented the isoproterenol-induced (subcutaneously, 50 mg/kg) acylcarnitine accumulation. This effect of THP, accompanied by a distinct decrease of free carnitine in rat myocardium, occurred due to inhibition of carnitine biosynthesis from gamma butyrobetaine. THP protected the myocardium energetics against isoproterenol action as the drug prevented the acylcarnitine accumulation. Although D,L carnitine (200 mg/kg, per os, 10 days) inhibited also the isoproterenol stimulated acylcarnitine accumulation in rat myocardium and fatty acids of blood serum, in did not exhibit any favourable effect on myocardium bioenergetics. Inefficiency of D,L-carnitine as cardioprotective drug may be a result of intensification of fatty acids metabolism occurring simultaneously with isoproterenol-mediated myocardium ischemia. Use of inhibitors of carnitine dependent oxidation of fatty acids oxidation (as exemplified by THP) in order to correct myocardium metabolism is of importance especially in relation to impairing effects caused by catecholamines. PMID- 3218135 TI - [Metabolism of proteins in the kidney during acute kidney failure]. AB - Acute kidney insufficiency was simulated in rats by means of intramuscular administration of glycerol. Intensity of protein biosynthesis and content of proteins were increased, while their catabolism was decreased in kidney under these conditions. At the same time, half-life and a period of the proteins turnover were elongated, whereas the rate of their substitution was decreased. PMID- 3218134 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative composition of porphyrins in erythrocytes of cancer patients]. AB - Content of copro- and protoporphyrins was studied in erythrocytes of women with tumor of genitals. Distinct increase in content of these porphyrins, especially of protoporphyrin, was detected in erythrocytes of the patients with malignant tumors as compared with the patterns of healthy persons. PMID- 3218136 TI - [Changes in cholesterol level and binding in guinea pig tissues during ethanol intoxication and cholesterolemia]. AB - Content of cholesterol and binding of its labelled analogue was studied in guinea pigs tissues after hypercholesterolemia, ethanol intoxication and their combined action within 30, 60 and 90 days. Long-term consumption of cholesterol and chronic alcoholization caused accumulation of the steroid but in abundance of exogenous cholesterol its concentration was increased mainly in liver tissue and blood serum, whole in ethanol intoxication--in brain and kidney tissues. Chronic alcoholization contributed to cholesterosis development; the increase in cholesterol content was accompanied by a decrease in its renovation, especially distinct in liver and heart tissues. Combined effect of cholesterol and ethanol on liver tissue was detected within 60 days; at the same time, simultaneous effect of cholesterol and ethanol caused more pronounced impairments in liver tissue within 90 days as compared with the individual action of these drugs. Concentration of cholesterol was not altered in heart muscle after administration either cholesterol or ethanol, while its content was increased after the drugs simultaneous effect. PMID- 3218137 TI - [Composition and various properties of acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes]. AB - Composition and some properties of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase prepared for use in medical practice were studied. After electrophoresis 5 protein bands, two of which exhibited the enzymatic activity, were detected in the preparation. Three isoenzyme forms of acetylcholinesterase, dissimilar in their electrophoretic mobility, were detected in the preparation by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-50. The preparation did not contain hemoglobin, thromboplastic substances and group isoagglutinogens A and B. PMID- 3218138 TI - [Metabolic effects of ethanol and lipid metabolism in the rat liver]. AB - Effect of ethanol intoxication of lipid metabolism in rat liver tissue was studied after daily intraperitoneal administration of 2g ethanol per kg of body mass within a week. Administration of ethanol led to an increase in content of total lipids, cholesterol and triacylglycerides in liver tissue as well as to elevation of relative content of lysophosphatidyl choline and cardiolipin and to a decrease of phosphatidyl choline. Under conditions of the intoxication incorporation of I-14C-acetate into triacylglycerides, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine was decreased mainly as a result of a decrease in specific radioactivity of fatty acids of these lipids. PMID- 3218139 TI - [Analysis of carbohydrate components of pregnancy-associated alpha2 glycoprotein]. AB - Content and distribution of carbohydrates in structure of alpha 2-glycoprotein, related to pregnancy, were studied by means of chemical analysis and affinity immunoelectrophoresis. The data obtained using both these procedures correlated well. Affinity immunoelectrophoresis could be used in studies of the carbohydrate components in crude preparations of glycoproteins, whereas chemical analysis was more effective for highly purified preparations. PMID- 3218141 TI - [The effect of emotional-pain stress on the rate of DNA synthesis in heart and liver cells]. AB - Effect of a single long-term (6 hrs) emotional-painful stress on DNA synthesis was studied in nuclei and mitochondria of heart and liver cells. Various systems of DNA synthesis in heart and liver cells were shown to respond dissimilarly to the stress. The rates of replication and reparative synthesis of nuclear DNA were increased while synthesis of mitochondrial DNA was unaltered in heart cells within the first day after the stress. In liver cells the reparative synthesis of nuclear DNA was also increased, whereas the rate of its replication in nuclei and mitochondria was distinctly inhibited for a long time. Thus, the systems of DNA synthesis in liver cells proved to be more sensitive to extreme stress-reactions as compared with heart cells. Effect of the stress on the systems of DNA synthesis in specific and connective tissue cells of liver and heart is discussed. At the same time, mitochondria are localized in specialized cells of both heart and liver tissues. The data obtained suggest that inhibition of the mitochondrial DNA synthesis is realized in hepatocytes. PMID- 3218140 TI - [Transport of steroid hormones by serum lipoproteins]. AB - Binding and distribution of glucocorticoids as well as of some of their precursors in lipoprotein fractions of human and rat blood serum were studied. Binding of the corticosteroids with blood serum lipoproteins was shown by ultracentrifugation and gel filtration. The binding of corticosteroids with lipoproteins was accompanied by alterations in the apoprotein conformation, detected by means of quenching of tryptophane fluorescence. The data obtained suggest that the lipoproteins are involved in transport of corticosteroids. PMID- 3218142 TI - [Syndrome of lipid hyperperoxidation in burn patients and its correction using autotransfusion of UV-irradiated blood]. AB - Dynamics of lipid peroxidation was studied in blood serum of patients with burns of various severity and degree. The burns development was accompanied by syndrome of lipid hyperperoxidation, the intensity and duration of which correlated with the disease severity. The procedure of UV-irradiated blood autotransfusion was used to correct the impairments detected. High efficiency of the procedure was demonstrated by reduction of the lipid hyperperoxidation syndrome in patients with burns. PMID- 3218143 TI - [125I-n-iodophenamine as a prototype compound for the study of microsomal oxidation]. AB - Dynamics of distribution and excretion with urine of 125I-p-iodophenamine were studied impairment of rat liver tissue microsomal oxidation by means of CC14 treatment. This poison inhibited distinctly metabolism and excretion of the labelled compound in rats but not in rabbits, which was due to difference in the mechanisms of the compound biotransformation. The requirements for compounds suitable for studies of microsomal oxidation by means of excretory test were not met by 125I-p-iodophenamine. PMID- 3218144 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of highly purifies creatine phosphokinase from the swine brain]. PMID- 3218145 TI - [Inhibition of cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes in rat liver microsomes by tetraphenylporphyrin and its metal complexes]. AB - Tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) and its complexes with Fe3+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ inhibited cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes in rat liver microsomes. Content of cytochrome P-450 was decreased by 27% or 49% depending on the substance administered (TPP or its metal complexes, respectively). N-demethylase was inactivated by about 30%; the rate of aniline p-hydroxylation was decreased by 30-45% depending on the type of the metal complex. But these substances did not affect practically the benz(alpha)pyrene hydroxylase activity. The inhibitory effect of TPP of its metal complexes appears to occur due to activation of lipid peroxidation and of hemoxygenase, which is responsible for biodegradation of hem in cytochrome P-450. PMID- 3218147 TI - [Spontaneous adhesion of blood leukocytes in cancer patients and healthy subjects]. AB - The adherence of peripheral blood leukocyte to a hydrophilic substrate (cotton wool) was studied in healthy donors and patients with Hodgkin's disease and solid tumors. It was shown that neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes contribute to the adhesive ability. Patients with primary solid neoplasms revealed an increased leukocyte adherence. Following a single therapeutic irradiation, this index appeared significantly enhanced in those with Hodgkin's disease. Possible causes of the disturbances are discussed. PMID- 3218146 TI - [Changes in glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity in erythrocytes depending upon the rate of glucose utilization]. AB - Content of glucose as well as activities of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were studied in whole blood, in intact and hemolyzed erythrocytes of 57 volunteers within 120 min after sucrose loading. Direct correlation was found between the activity of the enzymes studied and level of glucose as well as the rate of its utilization in erythrocytes. These data suggest that reduced NAD- and NADP-containing oxidoreductases alpha-GPD and G6PD are donors of H+ used in biosynthesis of H2O2 catalyzed by SOD. Intact and hemolyzed erythrocytes are involved in destruction of H2O2 accompanied by liberation of O2, which reacted with Hb more readily as compared with atmospheric oxygen. PMID- 3218148 TI - [Aseptic necrosis of the head of long tubular bones in patients with lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - The frequency of aseptic necrosis of femoral head was evaluated on the basis of 1066 case histories of Hodgkin's disease of all stages in patients aged 15 and more. The lesions were found in 14 patients (1.3%). Nine of them had received combined treatment for tumor, four--combination chemotherapy alone, and one- radiation alone. All had been given prednisolone. No significant correlation between treatment modality and osteonecrosis development was established. It is suggested that the effect of synergism of such damaging factors as ionizing irradiation, cytostatic drugs and glucocorticoids may be responsible for aseptic necrosis in cases of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3218149 TI - [Angiotensometry in peritoneo-anal resection of the rectum in cancer]. AB - Angiotensometry was used in 66 patients for assessing the viability of a large bowel transplant in the course of peritoneoanal resection of the rectum for cancer. The procedure assured reliable evaluation of intramural blood circulation in the segment of the colon transposed downwards. As a result, necrosis development in the colon was reduced to 10.4%. PMID- 3218150 TI - [Experimental modification of the nephro- and gastroenterotoxicity of cisplatin]. AB - The effect of complex-forming sorbent K-2-9 on cisplatin toxicity was studied experimentally. Simultaneous treatment with the preparations was shown to lower the nephro- and gastroenterotoxicity of cisplatin did not detract from the antitumor effect of cisplatin. PMID- 3218151 TI - [The importance of cytologic study methods in the preoperative morphologic diagnosis of ovarian tumors]. AB - The results of cytologic and histological diagnosis were compared in 779 cases of ovarian tumors. They were found to match in 96.7%; histologic pattern of tumor was identified on the basis of cytologic data in 76.3% of cases. PMID- 3218152 TI - [Lymphogenic metastasis in penile cancer]. AB - Dissemination to regional lymph nodes was verified in 49 (18.8%) out of 260 cases of penile carcinoma. The frequency of metastasis in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was 2.2 times that in well-differentiated tumor. Similarly, in endophytic growth patients, it was 2.7 times that of exophytic tumors. Also, a significant correlation was established between the frequency of dissemination to lymph nodes and primary tumor size: 4.6% for T1, 19.3%--T2 and 30.9%--T3, respectively, and T4 was identified in 3 out of 5 patients. PMID- 3218153 TI - [Effect of diet and drug therapy on the rehabilitation processes in patients who have undergone radical surgery for stomach tumor]. AB - On the basis of the follow up of 141 patients after radical operations for gastric cancer, special diet variants have been developed with due regard for postoperative terms and the character of complications after gastric resection. Positive results of dietotherapy were recorded in 71.5% of the patients, that was evidenced by their clinical picture and laboratory data: coprological, biochemical and immunological. The condition was not changed in 15.6% of the patients, negative shifts were noted in 18 patients (12.7%), in 12 of them relapses or metastases of the tumor were recorded. PMID- 3218154 TI - [Effect of different types of food loads on the rate of emptying of the gastric stump in patients with the dumping syndrome after gastric resection]. AB - The influence of carbohydrate, carbohydrate-fatty and protein test breakfasts on the rate of gastric stump evacuation was studied in 62 patients with dumping syndrome of mild and moderate severity, using the x-ray method developed by the authors. It has been established that in patients with dumping syndrome carbohydrate and carbohydrate-fatty food is most quickly evacuated from the gastric stump. Doubled amount of fat in the carbohydrate-fatty breakfast (up to 40 g) induced no significant deceleration in the gastric stump evacuation, moreover, in some cases its evacuatory function was accelerated. Intake of mineral water before breakfast did not noticeably influence the rate of gastric stump evacuation after carbohydrate and carbohydrate-fatty breakfasts, and significantly decelerates the gastric stump evacuation after protein breakfast. PMID- 3218155 TI - [Data on the exact definition of standards for physiological energy requirements for the adult population capable of working]. AB - It has been shown that there is no necessity in dividing the population capable of working into groups according to their age, as gradual ontogenetic decrease in the cellular metabolism takes place in the presence of parallel physiological growth of body mass. The authors have divided the population capable of working into groups of intensive work depending on their daily energy requirement, with an interval of 400 kcal. It is recommended that the data presented be used for the development of an exactly defined variant of physiological nutrition standards. PMID- 3218156 TI - [Nutritional status of workers with different levels of work capacity]. AB - Workers aged 30-39 years engaged in the instrument-making industry were followed up during spring season. Their energy expenditure, actual nutrition and providing with vitamins were studied. The data obtained were correlated with the level of their total physical working capacity (TPWC). A significant imbalance in their rations was revealed with respect to the main food substances, trace elements and vitamins. The biochemical investigations disclosed their insufficient providing with ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin. The women workers with high TPWC received in their rations higher content of phosphor and iron and lower levels of calcium, as compared to those with low TPWC. Vitamin deficiency in persons with low TPWC was more pronounced than in workers with high TPWC. PMID- 3218157 TI - [The nutrition of cyclists during training exercises and competitions]. AB - Actual nutrition of bicyclists engaged in road cycle race was analyzed at different stages of their training (at sport camps) and during contests. The effectiveness of special carbohydrate and protein products on certain parameters of metabolism in the athletes was studied. It was found that such special products favourably affect the parameters of protein, electrolyte metabolism, health state and working capacity of the athletes. In the athletes who received special products a tendency was observed to intensified anabolic processes in nitrogen metabolism, acceleration of redox processes, and stabilization of blood glucose level during intensive physical loads. PMID- 3218158 TI - [The food behavior of schoolchildren in the GDR and the Lithuanian SSR]. AB - Food behavior was studied in schoolchildren of the same age in the GDR (1602) and in the Lithuanian SSR (720 schoolchildren). The examinee represented schoolchildren from towns, regional centres and rural areas. Food behavior of schoolchildren, aged 11-13 years, in the GDR and the Lithuanian SSR is practically similar, but it has been noted that more children in the GDR receive a second breakfast, while in the Lithuanian SSR more children receive afternoon snacks. The schoolchildren should be taught the principles of the rational nutrition during their studies. Active sanitary propaganda is necessary for learning the principles of sound way of life including the principles of rational nutrition. PMID- 3218159 TI - [The action of different food factors on the lipid peroxidation processes in the liver microsomes of rats]. AB - Three series of experiments were conducted to study the effects of varying food factors on lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity in rat liver microsomes. The food rations contained heat-treated sunflower oil, soybean protein isolate, krill protein concentrate. A long-term intake of heat-treated oxidation products was attended by significant activation of LPO in the enzymatic system, by elevation of cytochrome P-450 level, by increased activity of ethylmorphine N-demethylase and aniline n-hydroxylation. The period of half-inactivation of cytochrome P-450 was significantly shortened in NADPH-dependent LPO. The rate of NADPH-dependent LPO was not significantly different in the animals given equal amounts of soybean protein isolate or casein (control). Activation of NADPH-dependent LPO and induction of cytochrome P-450 were recorded in liver microsomes of the animals given krill protein. The high concentration of cytochrome P-450 (in the homogenate and microsomes) correlated with the acceleration of hydroxylation of standard substrates ethylmorphine and aniline. PMID- 3218161 TI - [Effect of fructose on the hexosamine turnover in the rat crystalline lens]. AB - Rats were given isocaloric rations containing starch (control) and varying amounts of fructose as carbohydrates. Hexosamines were isolated from the lens, glycoproteins--from the blood serum, and their turnover was studied. A drastic deceleration of hexosamine turnover in the lens was observed at high-fructose diets (20 and 40% of fuel value), while glycoprotein turnover in the blood plasma was not changed as compared to the control, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in red blood cells was decreased, insulin level was lowered, and glucose level in the blood serum rose insignificantly. It has been suggested that fructose may be cataractogenic in animals. PMID- 3218163 TI - [The rapid analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in food products]. PMID- 3218160 TI - [Effect of soy protein isolates in the diet of animals on the histochemical characteristics of the digestive tract]. AB - Histochemical methods were used to study the mucus-producing processes in the stomach and intestine of experimental animals under conditions of long-term feeding with soybean protein isolates. These methods helped in determining the action of neutral glycoproteins and sulfated polysaccharides in the stomach and intestine of the test animals. The experiments conducted have shown the absence of side effects of soybean isolates on the morphology of the stomach and intestine and on the qualitative polysaccharide composition of their epithelial secretions. PMID- 3218162 TI - [Use of the agar drop method for the quantitative calculation of mesophilic aerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms and coliform bacteria in food products]. AB - The tests in agar dishes and agar drops were used simultaneously to determine the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms and coliform bacteria in certain food products. The results of the analysis of more than 40 samples of different food products in both the tests have proved to be identical. The method can be recommended for practical use at laboratories of sanitary-epidemiological stations during prophylactic sanitary control, and at laboratories of food manufacturing enterprises. PMID- 3218164 TI - [Detection of toxigenic Staphylococcus in milk]. PMID- 3218165 TI - [The diet therapy of patients after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 3218166 TI - Irradiated blood platelet concentrates stored for five days--evaluation by in vitro tests. AB - Platelet concentrates, irradiated with 15 Gy and stored for 5 days at room temperature under standardized conditions, were evaluated by in vitro tests and electron microscopy, in a paired study with nonirradiated platelets from the same concentrates, to investigate their usefulness for transfusion. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in pH, pO2, pCO2, in vitro platelet aggregation, LDH, beta-thromboglobulin and thromboxane-B2. Examination by electron microscopy showed a higher degree of degranulation in the 5-day-old platelets but no certain difference between irradiated versus nonirradiated platelets. On the basis of satisfactory in vitro storage properties, platelet concentrates can be stored for 5 days in PL-1240 bags after irradiation. However, we recommend irradiation just before transfusion whenever possible. PMID- 3218167 TI - Eighteen months' experience with a manual polybrene crossmatch in a large hospital transfusion laboratory. AB - For 18 months in this laboratory the manual polybrene technique (MP) has been used as the only crossmatching procedure preceded or accompanied by an antibody screen comprising two-stage papain and LISS antiglobulin techniques. There were 17,161 requests representing 43,006 blood units crossmatched and 20,841 units transfused. Non-specific reactivity with the MP required use of an antiglobulin crossmatch in approximately 0.2% of patient samples. Heparin in excess of 20 IU/ml reduced polybrene aggregation of red cells necessitating an antiglobulin crossmatch for 2 patients. Of 288 antibodies detected 20 reacted exclusively by MP compared with 18 by the papain procedure. The data supported the use of MP as an alternative to enzymes in antibody screening protocols. The polybrene technique was found to be a superior abbreviated crossmatch compared with the immediate spin technique and was applicable to all patients including those with known antibodies. PMID- 3218168 TI - Erythromycin-induced immune hemolytic anemia. AB - A 3-year-old female receiving Pediazole (erythromycin ethylsuccinate and sulfisoxazole) for tonsillitis and otitis media developed severe hemolytic anemia. No serum drug-dependent antibodies could be demonstrated with an in vitro 'immune-complex' method using Pediazole, pure erythromycin ethylsuccinate or pure sulfisoxazole. However, a method using red cells coated with erythromycin base showed in vitro lysis of the erythromycin-coated red cells. This is only the second case of immune hemolytic anemia associated with erythromycin and the first where in vitro drug-dependent hemolysis was demonstrable. PMID- 3218169 TI - LKE red cell antigen and its relationship to P1 and Pk: serological study of a large family. AB - The fourth example of human anti-LKE was identified in the serum of an antenatal patient. Study of the red cells of the proband and her family confirmed the recessive inheritance of the LKE- phenotype. The blood groups of the family confirmed that Pk expression is greater on cells from LKE- members than on those from LKE+ members. In this family, the expression of LKE varied with the P1 phenotype. LKE- individuals occurred with an incidence of 0.0017 in the donor population of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Region. PMID- 3218170 TI - A new low-frequency antigen BOW (Bowyer). AB - BOW is a 'new' low-frequency red-cell antigen, detected in 2 unrelated English blood donors, that is sensitive to alpha-chymotrypsin and pronase. Anti-BOW is present in many polyspecific reagents used to define low-frequency antigens. Red cell groups of the proposita, R.B., and her family show that the BOW blood group segregates independently from the ABO, Rh, MNSs, P1 and Kell blood group systems. PMID- 3218172 TI - Western blot testing among Zimbabwean HIV patients. PMID- 3218171 TI - 'Sequential' ELISA for anti-HIV should not replace the standard competitive method. PMID- 3218173 TI - [Incidence of borderline arterial hypertension among the students of higher education institutions]. PMID- 3218174 TI - [Risk factors for the development of bronchopulmonary diseases in workers at a machine-building plant]. PMID- 3218175 TI - [Incidence of risk factors for ischemic heart disease in coal miners]. PMID- 3218176 TI - [Changes in arterial pressure in female twiner machine operators]. PMID- 3218177 TI - [Morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity in animal breeders and beet growers]. PMID- 3218178 TI - [Premorbid conditions in workers in the manufacture of polyethylene polyamine]. PMID- 3218179 TI - [Physical exercises in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3218180 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of space-occupying processes in the brain]. PMID- 3218181 TI - [Experience with the use of ultraviolet irradiation of the blood in patients with suppurative meningitis]. PMID- 3218182 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid disorders in meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 3218183 TI - [Prevention of acute suppurative-inflammatory diseases of the fingers and hand]. PMID- 3218184 TI - [Cellular immunity indices in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3218185 TI - [Calcium antagonists and adenosine derivatives in the treatment of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3218186 TI - [The lesser circulation in middle-aged and elderly subjects]. PMID- 3218187 TI - [Functional activity of blood neutrophils in patients with non-coronarogenic myocardial diseases]. PMID- 3218188 TI - [Determination of cardiorespiratory economy by the differentiated electrocardiogram in the ambulatory care of students]. PMID- 3218189 TI - [Characteristics of autonomic homeostasis in patients with occlusions of the basin of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 3218191 TI - [Effect of obzidan on hemodynamics in persons with a hereditary risk of hypertension]. PMID- 3218190 TI - [Disorders of the major blood flow due to polycythemia vera]. PMID- 3218192 TI - [The differential diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and acute leukemia]. PMID- 3218193 TI - [Use of sydnopharm and silabolin in patients with chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 3218194 TI - [Left ventricular function of patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases based on echocardiographic data]. PMID- 3218195 TI - [Determination of the level of bronchial obstruction]. PMID- 3218196 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of foreign bodies in the digestive tract]. PMID- 3218197 TI - [Content of sex steroid hormones of the blood in patients with gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3218198 TI - [Effectiveness of the secondary prevention of arterial hypertension in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3218199 TI - [Indices of gastric secretion and pH measurement in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3218200 TI - [Effect of histamine on the intensity of duodenogastric reflux in patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3218201 TI - [Endoscopic criteria in the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease of the large intestine and of nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3218202 TI - [Kuss' syndrome]. PMID- 3218203 TI - [Morphologic changes in the placenta and liver in fetal hypoxia]. PMID- 3218204 TI - [Characteristics of the oxygen allowance in physical loads on patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3218205 TI - [Kidney function of patients operated on for ureterocele]. PMID- 3218206 TI - [Effect of the radon baths of the Khmel'nik health resort on microcirculatory function in diabetics]. PMID- 3218207 TI - [Metabolic and hemodynamic indices in diabetics with stable compensation of carbohydrate metabolism]. PMID- 3218208 TI - [The role of prolactin in the development of labor activity]. PMID- 3218209 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in metastatic ovarian tumors]. PMID- 3218210 TI - [Weber-Christian panniculitis]. PMID- 3218211 TI - [Hemorrhage into the vocal cords]. PMID- 3218212 TI - [Induction by an inactivated influenza virus of congenital pathology and pregnancy pathology in mice]. AB - Intravenous inoculation of pregnant mice with inactivated (noninfectious) influenza virus reduces by one-third their fertility owing to the death of the fetuses. Among the progeny of such females, there are specimens with signs of progressive pathology clinically similar to that which develops in the progeny born to the females intranasally inoculated during pregnancy with a live (infectious) influenza virus. The frequency of such pathology depends both on the virus strain and on genetic characteristics of mice. The role of influenza virus surface structures in the development of pathology of pregnancy and pathology in the progeny is discussed. PMID- 3218213 TI - [Lymphocyte blast transformation to HBsAg and HBcAg in patients with various clinical forms of hepatitis B]. AB - Sensitization of the peripheral blood lymphocytes to HBsAg and HBcAg in 51 patients with acute hepatitis B (HB) in the time course of infection, in 13 with chronic active hepatitis B (CAH) and 8 HBsAg carriers was studied by lymphocyte blastogenesis assay. In patients with mild or moderately severe forms of acute HB at the peak of the disease lymphocyte blastogenic response to HBcAg was observed; sensitization to HBsAg was lacking and could be detected only in the stage of convalescence when the specific response to HBcAg was already undetectable in most patients. No lymphocyte sensitization to HBsAg either at the peak of the disease or in convalescence was observed in patients with a lingering form of acute HB as well as in those with CAH and HBsAg carriers. At the peak of severe HB blastogenic response was demonstrated to both antigens under study but was more marked to HBcAg. Most patients with CAH showed lymphocyte blastogenic response to HBcAg. It is concluded that specific lymphocyte response to HBV antigens varies in relation to the severity and course of the infection. PMID- 3218214 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes in chronic delta infection]. AB - Electron microscopy and morphometry were used to study liver biopsies from 22 patients with chronic active hepatitis. On the basis of clinico-morphological data 9 patients were diagnosed as having chronic active delta hepatitis and 13 patients chronic active hepatitis B. The studies indicate more marked involvement of hepatocytes in chronic delta hepatitis as compared with chronic hepatitis of HB virus etiology. Morphometric methods allow quantitation of the degree of manifestations of hepatocyte ultrastructural changes in the two groups of patients. PMID- 3218215 TI - [Changes in the host-dependent characteristics of the tick-borne encephalitis virus during its adaptation to ticks and its readaptation to white mice]. AB - Features of multiplication in pig embryo kidney (PEK) cells of a variant of tick borne encephalitis (TBE) virus previously selected by passages in H. plumbeum ticks and changes in the properties of the variant upon its repassages in white mouse brains were studied. The tick-adapted TBE variant differed from the original strain in the following characteristics: a lower yield of infectious virus and physical virus particles, altered time-course of infectious virus release from the cell, the lack of virions moving towards cathode in rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIEP), reduced hemagglutinating activity of the virus, small plaque size in PEK culture, reduced level of virus replication in white mouse brain at a high cytopathic activity of the virus, and low synthesis of virus particles moving towards anode in RIEP. The acquired characteristics were stable at the level of 3 passages in white mice. In the course of further readaptation to these animals the virus recovered its capacity for synthesis of "cathode" virions in PEK cell culture, differing from the original strain by a higher level of virus reproduction in mammalian cells, altered electrophoretic mobility of the structural virion protein V1, and plaque size. PMID- 3218216 TI - [Use of recombinants for preparing erythrocyte antibody diagnostic agents for influenza viruses]. PMID- 3218217 TI - [Infectious properties of the N-tropic virus OA-3 isolated from the BALB/3T3 cell line]. PMID- 3218218 TI - [X-ray structural analysis in virology]. PMID- 3218219 TI - Risk management series: even good guys get sued. PMID- 3218220 TI - In the spirit of giving. PMID- 3218222 TI - Largest specialty nursing group opposes RCT proposal. PMID- 3218221 TI - Space: the new nursing frontier. PMID- 3218223 TI - ONS fights RCT. PMID- 3218224 TI - Supporting evidence for the use of cassava (manihot esculeta) products instead of wheat flour products in the diet of the diabetic. PMID- 3218225 TI - Incarcerated obturator hernia. PMID- 3218226 TI - Giant cranial intradiploic epidermoid cyst. PMID- 3218227 TI - Lumbar disc herniation. A discussion of its pathogenesis, and surgical treatment by microdiscectomy. PMID- 3218228 TI - Further seizures following febrile seizure. Assessment of risk factors. PMID- 3218229 TI - Childhood gastroenteritis in Barbados. Occurrence of Campylobacter and rotavirus. PMID- 3218230 TI - Changes in red cell sodium content and blood pressure levels with potassium supplementation in black hypertensive patients. PMID- 3218231 TI - Effects of ackee fruit extracts on bronchomotor tone in rats. PMID- 3218232 TI - [Methods of preventing arteriosclerosis and ischemic heart disease in adolescence]. PMID- 3218233 TI - [Developmental anomalies in children]. PMID- 3218234 TI - [Bacterial flora and antistreptolysin O level in chronic tonsillitis treated by ultrasonics]. PMID- 3218235 TI - [Crystallization of calcium oxalate in mineral waters of Cieplice health resort]. PMID- 3218236 TI - [Is there a correlation between the cerebrospinal fluid changes and EEG findings in children with acute leukemia?]. PMID- 3218237 TI - [Extensive myocardial infarction in a young woman with slight stenosis of one coronary artery]. PMID- 3218238 TI - [Stab wounds of the heart]. PMID- 3218239 TI - [Phlegmon of the stomach]. PMID- 3218240 TI - [Stevens-Johnson syndrome with a fulminant course]. PMID- 3218241 TI - [A case of acrodermatitis enteropathica in an infant]. PMID- 3218242 TI - [A case of congenital cholesteatoma of the temporal bone]. PMID- 3218243 TI - [Amino acid metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy]. PMID- 3218244 TI - Isolation and purification of malate dehydrogenase in helminth parasites. PMID- 3218245 TI - [Studies of the nervous system of Brachylaimus fuscatus (Rud., 1819), (Trematoda, Brachylaimidae)]. PMID- 3218246 TI - [Experimental infection of poikilothermic vertebrates with stages I and III larvae of Elaphostrongylus cervi Cameron, 1931]. PMID- 3218247 TI - [Nematoda of birds of prey and owls (Falconiformes and Strigiformes) of the Lower Silesia]. PMID- 3218249 TI - Species of Geckobia megnin, 1878 (Acari, Prostigmata, Pterygosomidae) from Madagascar and Vietnam. PMID- 3218248 TI - [Faunal-ecological relations forming the populations of ectoparasites of Apodemus agrarius (Pall.) and A. flavicollis (Melch.) in the forest regions of Gdansk]. PMID- 3218250 TI - [Mites as parasites of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) and as beehive co inhabitants]. PMID- 3218251 TI - [Occurrence and clinical picture of parasitic diseases among patients of the Infectious Disease Clinic, Medical Academy, in Bialystok 1975-1986]. PMID- 3218252 TI - [Effect of lasalocid on the course of coccidiosis and wool growth in lambs]. PMID- 3218253 TI - [Methods of cultivating parasitic nematoda in vitro]. PMID- 3218254 TI - Mutagenic and anti-mutagenic properties of meju and other Korean food products from fermented soybeans. PMID- 3218255 TI - Test-retest differences and assistive function in detecting conductive hearing loss of impedance audiometry. PMID- 3218256 TI - Effect of carbon monoxide-induced hypoxia on synaptosomal uptake and release of dopamine in rat striatum. PMID- 3218257 TI - Cementless bony ingrowth total hip prosthesis (anatomical contact porous coated total hip prosthesis) design using computed axial tomography and computer aid design. PMID- 3218258 TI - Natural killer cell activity in rheumatoid arthritis measured by a single cell cytotoxicity assay. PMID- 3218259 TI - Characterization of inhibition by nifedipine and nitroprusside of the pressor responses to alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists cirazoline and Sgd 101/75 in pithed rats. PMID- 3218260 TI - Measurements of cerebral blood flow in delayed carbon monoxide sequelae using xenon inhalation CT scan. PMID- 3218261 TI - Progressive development of bronchial asthma from allergic rhinitis in a patient sensitized to Artemisia spp. pollen; a case report. PMID- 3218262 TI - [Results of treatment in patients over 80]. PMID- 3218264 TI - [Verrucous carcinoma (Ackermann)]. PMID- 3218263 TI - [Development of hypertension in patients with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3218265 TI - [Positions on the article "Studies of the effectiveness of ultraviolet irradiation of blood of patients with arterial occlusive disease" by F. Richard and R. Zabel-Langhennig]. PMID- 3218266 TI - [Malignant melanoma--a challenge for the physician]. PMID- 3218267 TI - [Results and experiences of HBsAG determination with passive hemagglutination (Serotest SSW/HBsAG)]. PMID- 3218268 TI - [Atypical reaction in the stress ECG (case report)]. PMID- 3218269 TI - [Dialog-controlled administration information system in the hospital]. PMID- 3218270 TI - [Legal means of citizens against decisions in the area of health and social processes]. PMID- 3218271 TI - [The dialectics of morals and justice]. PMID- 3218272 TI - [Spatial attention: objections to the spotlight model of visual selectivity]. PMID- 3218273 TI - [Effects of lack of control and behavioral control on subsequent development of operant behavior]. PMID- 3218274 TI - [Visible speech. Studies of various possibilities of graphic presentation]. PMID- 3218275 TI - [Rate of recurrence of duodenal ulcer in smokers and nonsmokers]. AB - In 70 patients (35 non-smokers and smokers each) with an endoscopically established duodenal ulcer the number of recidivations was investigated. In this case in the group of smokers an inclination to recidivations was found which was nearly double the size. Patients with a great consumption of nicotine per day were particularly affected. Apart from this the question was investigated whether the form of the ulcer has any influence on the frequency of recidivations. No remarkable differences between the forms of ulcer round, irregular, oval and linear could be proved. The economic disadvantages by inability to work considerably differ in the two groups. The number of days at which was not worked on account of putting the patients on the sick-list is nearly thrice as great in the group of smokers. PMID- 3218276 TI - [Solitary late thyroid metastasis of a surgically removed kidney cancer]. AB - Report about a 80 years old woman with a renal carcinoma solitarily metastasized to thyroid 11 years after the resection of primary tumor. A primary clear-cell carcinoma of thyroid gland was ruled out by thyroglobulin-immunohistochemistry. PMID- 3218277 TI - [Drugs--between empirical and rational use]. AB - The present paper gives a general view of the position of drugs in relation to the complex therapy concept. The first part of the paper deals with the development of the experimental drug research from Claude Bernard's simple experiments in animals up to modern rational computerized drug design. It is followed by some aspects of the present and prospective importance in research of clinical therapy. Furthermore, the problem of placebo is explained in detail because it is unjustly out of interest. New approaches to the background of the placebo phenomenon and their significance in medicine are discussed. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate specific therapeutic concepts (e.g. drugs) with different unspecific attendances in the configuration of the relationship between doctor and patient. Finally, a short comment to the prospective emphasis of therapeutical research is given. PMID- 3218278 TI - [Specialty specific psychotherapy in internal medicine]. AB - The establishment of a bio-psycho-social (monistic) approach to all problems of human health and disease is regarded as an essential prerequisite for the improvement of medical care. As a rule the special and functional pathology is on account of the psychotherapeutic approach enlarged by the "relation pathology" and adequate therapeutic techniques at this level. The associated with this increasing requirements on the social competence of the physician involve measures at the level of the medical education, to which psychotherapy and medical psychology have to contribute. This takes place in the framework of the particular integrative function of these specialties to render the psychosocial dimension methodically manageable for medicine. The state programmes for the method-related qualification in psychotherapy are a good basis for the integration of the psychosocial dimension into the practice of internal medicine. However, they need supplementation by measures in the pregraduate education. PMID- 3218280 TI - [4th meeting of the German Association for the Study of the Liver. Berlin, 29-30 January 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3218279 TI - [Functional therapy of functional disorders in general medicine]. AB - Functional disturbances are clearly to be diagnosed by anamnesis and clinical examination and the causes in psyche, in the field of vegetative disturbance or in the blocked motor segment are to be established. According to the differentiated diagnosis psychotherapy, neural therapy and manual therapy, respectively, at a sufficiently early beginning of the therapy are able to remove the disturbance. With this can be begun at the early consultation. Thus an "exclusion diagnostics" is not inhibited, this is in no case justifies the delay of the therapy. Conclusions for the training, the further training and improvement are necessary. PMID- 3218281 TI - Gastric phytobezoar: endoscopic removal using the gallstone lithotripter. AB - Gastric bezoars are a common late complication of gastric surgery. Their treatment may be difficult. This is the first report on the removal of a very firm gastric phytobezoar by perendoscopic lithotripsy. The bezoar was detected 20 years after an unknown type of operation on the stomach, presumably truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty. We propose the use of the lithotripter through the endoscope as an alternative treatment of firm and large gastric bezoars. PMID- 3218282 TI - [Changes in the ileal mucosa in Crohn disease. Endoscopic and histologic study]. AB - In 383 patients, suffering from Crohn's disease, ileum was studied both endoscopically and histologically. In patients without surgical interventions (n = 207), endoscopic lesions were observed in 69%, histologic lesions in 74%. Most numerous endoscopic lesions were redness (51%), vulnerability (29%) and ulcer (27%), most frequent histologic lesions discontinuous infiltration (30%) and ulcer (30%). In patients, operated on, endoscopic and histologic lesions were found more often in the ileal region, near to anastomosis than in the more proximal ileum. Overall, the endoscopic and histologic appearance of the distal segment of the ileum widely corresponded to that of the terminal ileum in patients without surgery. Several endoscopic parameters were correlated to histologic variables, but overall the correlation was low (maximal correlation coefficient 0.34). Granulomas were present in 7.4% of the biopsies and 9.1% of the patients. The occurrence was significantly correlated to the endoscopic variables cobblestone appearance and ulcer as well as to the histologic variables density of infiltration, ulcer, and activity of inflammation. In conservatively treated patients, the incidence of mucosal vulnerability, and cobblestone appearance significantly declined in long standing disease, the incidence of stenosis increased. In patients operated on, aphthous lesions and ulcers increased in longstanding disease. PMID- 3218283 TI - Clinical studies on zinc in chronic liver diseases. AB - Zinc is essential to numerous metabolic processes in the organism, multiform symptoms being found especially in deficiencies. In addition to nutritional factors, diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver. Crohn's disease and chronic renal diseases are relevant in this context. In the present work, serum zinc levels were investigated in 109 patients with various chronic liver diseases. The lowest serum zinc concentrations were seen in patients with decompensated hepatic cirrhosis with coma. Patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis had lower zinc levels as subjects with nonalcoholic cirrhosis. None of the groups exhibited a significant change in serum zinc levels during the treatment period. Laboratory data (such as transaminases, thromboplastin time, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins) did not correlate with the serum zinc concentrations. The concentration of plasma ammonia, however, appeared to be inversely related to the serum zinc levels. Thus, patients with coma had maximum ammonia and minimum zinc levels. PMID- 3218284 TI - [Rotor syndrome: relevance of the determination of coproporphyrin isomers in the urine in comparison with intrahepatic (alcohol-induced) cholestasis]. AB - Porphyrin isomer examinations have been performed in two patients with Rotor syndrome (RS), one patient with Gilbert-Meulengracht syndrome and 12 patients with alcohol toxic cholestasis. Under both conditions, cholestasis and RS, total urinary coproporphyrin excretion as well as coproporphyrin isomer I was relatively and absolutely increased. Despite the different degree of the increase of coproporphyrin isomer I excretion between RS (69 vs. 72%) and cholestasis (47% on average), there are single cases with a coproporphyrin isomer I portion around 60%. In such cases, the differential diagnosis is quite difficult, so that the diagnosis "Rotor syndrome" should never be gained by one distinct examination; it is a diagnosis performed by exclusion of other diseases. PMID- 3218285 TI - [Causal therapy of chronic gastritis?]. PMID- 3218286 TI - [Local therapy of pityriasis versicolor with 3 imidazole derivatives--results of a therapeutic study. Studies of the rate of recurrence]. AB - In a clinical study from October 1985 to July 1987, we tested the efficacy of 3 different imidazole compounds in 112 male patients suffering from pityriasis versicolor. The diagnosis was made according to clinical criteria and confirmed by microscopical investigation. Our results prove the necessity of daily treatment over a period of at least 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the microscopical examination should be repeated. Sprays and shampoos seemed equally effective. The relapse rate turned out to be rather high. The symptom-free interval between therapy and relapse could not be correlated to any of the forms of treatment. Those patients who had to be treated for more than 2 weeks were most likely to develop a relapse within a shorter period. PMID- 3218287 TI - [Polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine--its significance in dermatology]. AB - In an open comparative study, 40 patients suffering from pyoderma, combustion (1st and 2nd degrees), leg ulcer, or inflammatory white atrophy were treated with a topical preparation containing either polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine or neomycin. Both preparations were well-tolerated. There was no local hypersensibility. With regard to the therapeutic effect, we did not observe any differences between the two groups of patients. We discuss the properties, modes of action, and contraindications, as well as the possible systemic influences of topically applied PVP iodine. PMID- 3218288 TI - [The effectiveness of ciprofloxacin in bacterial skin infections]. AB - Ciprofloxacin in a low dosage of 250 mg twice a day was applied in the treatment of bacterial infections of the skin. All cultured staphylococci, streptococci, and pseudomonas proved to be highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin. The cases of pyoderma showed quick healing, but there were relapses of Lyme borrelia within 6 weeks. As the titers of IgM and IgG steadily increased during the following months, additional therapy was necessary. The tolerance of ciprofloxacin was generally very good. PMID- 3218289 TI - [Sneddon Wilkinson subcorneal pustulosis, therapy with mebhydroline]. AB - A 60-year-old male patient suffering from subcorneal pustular dermatosis showed fast and lasting remission under treatment with mebhydrolin. PMID- 3218290 TI - [Lymphangitis carcinomatosa]. AB - The authors present a 86 years old male patient with gradually developing upper right arm swelling. There were several hyperaemic papules, vesicles and teleangiectases on his arm. The histology revealed a lymphangitis carcinomatosa. There were no signs of any tumor, but multiple isotope accumulations in the bones. Anaplastic thyroid gland carcinoma with multiple metastases were found at autopsy. PMID- 3218291 TI - [Successful treatment of females with psoriasis with lynestrenol]. PMID- 3218292 TI - [Requests made by dermatology in relation to cosmetics]. AB - Nowadays, cosmetic preparations are developed and tested with the same care as pharmacons by serious producers, whose proficiency includes solid knowledge on the physiology and pharmacology of the skin. Since the law restricts the use of effective substances, these products are often introduce on the market under fantasy names and vague declarations of their effects. In this field, the dermatologist calls for more openness and clarity, especially with regard to the effectiveness of the preparation and its compatibility with the so-called "problem skin". A declaration of allergologically relevant components of cosmetics is necessary to protect the allergic consumer from recurrences of his contact dermatitis. This will contribute to a further reduction of the already small number of allergic side effects of cosmetics. A close cooperation between dermatologists and the cosmetic industry will be useful for both sides and doubtlessly to the advantage of the user of these products. PMID- 3218293 TI - [Reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM)]. AB - All patients with reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) published until August 1987 are analysed. REM and plaque-like form of cutaneous mucinosis are different diseases but belong to one spectrum. REM should not be called a syndrome, because a syndrome consists of several signs mostly in various organs. REM and plaque like form of cutaneous mucinosis are classified as mid-line mucinosis, as suggested by Steigleder and Kuchmeister (8). Increasing numbers of mid-line mucinoses are published over the years, apparently midline-mucinosis are not so rare as thought before. PMID- 3218294 TI - [Induction and determination of procoagulant activity of mononuclear cells in human blood]. PMID- 3218295 TI - [Use of infrared spectroscopy for the study of the composition of liver biopsies]. PMID- 3218296 TI - [An enzymatic method for direct determination of cholesterol in liver homogenate]. PMID- 3218297 TI - [Variation of the fructosamine test in the determination of the concentration of nonenzymatic glucose bound to serum proteins by reference to the protein concentration and the use of a protein standard]. PMID- 3218298 TI - [The use of polyurethane membranes in the enzymatic-amperometric determination of glucose in urine]. PMID- 3218299 TI - [Initial changes in parameters of blood coagulation in the rat after endotoxin and hormone administration]. PMID- 3218300 TI - [Turbidimetric rapid test for potassium in serum]. PMID- 3218301 TI - [Kinetic fibrinogen determination by the coagulation time-measuring apparatus KZM 1]. PMID- 3218302 TI - [An instrument for the mechanized execution of coagulation analysis studies]. PMID- 3218303 TI - Occlusal equilibration and TMJ disorders. PMID- 3218304 TI - Perspective on occlusal adjustment in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. PMID- 3218305 TI - [Care gets an entirely new meaning when flexitime comes to Grumm]. PMID- 3218306 TI - [What is the National Social Welfare Board for? A colossus with a vague role. Interview by Monika Trozell]. PMID- 3218307 TI - [Many interventions are fights over care]. PMID- 3218308 TI - [Patients are the most important but personnel should also feel good!. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 3218309 TI - [Dry facts and naked personal things]. PMID- 3218310 TI - [Heidi says no to treatment--they didn't see the whole me, only my cancer. Interview by Monika Trozell]. PMID- 3218312 TI - [Alternative medicine--on the threshold of care]. PMID- 3218311 TI - [Will certain get more than others--that is the important question]. PMID- 3218313 TI - [Trial of care-in-pairs in Varnamo. "We have gotten better contact with the patients"]. PMID- 3218314 TI - [Give care-in-pairs a chance!]. PMID- 3218315 TI - [The summer package deal saved nursing--but how will counties manage fall?]. PMID- 3218316 TI - [Diabetics? Mia and Eva give advice: eat well and exercise!. Interview by Lotta Brinck]. PMID- 3218317 TI - [Do we dare let mothers take responsibility?]. PMID- 3218318 TI - [Methadone treatment gives drug addicts a life with dignity]. PMID- 3218319 TI - [Verdicts are immoral and incomprehensible]. PMID- 3218320 TI - [Victory in Vasternorrland--extra salary grades for instructors]. PMID- 3218322 TI - [The 5-year history of the dialysis accident]. PMID- 3218323 TI - [Reader survey shows: most read and appreciate Vardfacket]. PMID- 3218321 TI - [Sirkka encounters theory and practice through primary care committees. Interview by Monika Trozell]. PMID- 3218324 TI - [Communities can remain responsible for all care for the aged. Nurses must have found themselves left behind]. PMID- 3218325 TI - [Sister Christina in the convent recommends silence. Interview by Stefan Samuelsson]. PMID- 3218326 TI - [Professor Elisabeth Hamrin: Nursing is an interdisciplinary science. Interview by Anika Agebjorn]. PMID- 3218327 TI - [French nurses on strike for higher wages]. PMID- 3218329 TI - [Assessment in practice--one must dare to make one's own decisions. Interview by Britta Nilsson]. PMID- 3218328 TI - [Assessment in practice--we read films ourselves. Interview by Britta Nilsson]. PMID- 3218330 TI - [Assessment in practice--we do diagnosis and prescriptions ourselves. Interview by Britta Nilsson]. PMID- 3218332 TI - [In flexible service homes the elderly move around]. PMID- 3218331 TI - [Protest at Karolinska: engineers for laboratory services]. PMID- 3218333 TI - [Pathology in Hannover]. PMID- 3218334 TI - [Opening address by the chairman]. PMID- 3218335 TI - [Characterization of human stomach cancer cell lines]. PMID- 3218336 TI - [Effect of long-term incubation with retinoic acid and FCS- depleted medium on the differentiation and proliferation of an experimental rhabdomyosarcoma cell line in vitro]. PMID- 3218337 TI - [Changes in cell differentiation in vitro by inducing drug resistance]. PMID- 3218338 TI - [Three dimensional cell culture in vitro for the analysis of proliferation and differentiation of urinary bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 3218339 TI - [Hormone receptors in human renal cell carcinomas?]. PMID- 3218340 TI - [Differentiation markers in breast carcinoma]. PMID- 3218341 TI - [Comparison of prognostic factors in mammary carcinoma: grading malignancy according to Bloom and Richardson versus assay of the growth fraction using Ki67]. PMID- 3218342 TI - [Morphology of lung carcinomas after transplantation to athymic mice]. PMID- 3218343 TI - [Differentiation of human type II pneumocytes in vitro. Influence of the matrix components collagen and fibronectin on epithelial induction]. PMID- 3218345 TI - [Esthesioneuroblastoma: a comparative study of tumor and matrix tissue with derived histogenesis]. PMID- 3218344 TI - [Differentiation of medulloblastoma: immunohistochemistry of 247 cases from the therapy trial SIOP/GPO MED 84]. PMID- 3218346 TI - [Ganglioneuroblastoma--diagnosis and prognosis]. PMID- 3218347 TI - [Demonstration of endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins (endogenous lectins) in benign and malignant lesions of the female breast]. PMID- 3218348 TI - [Lectin binding sites as a parameter of cell differentiation in normal gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 3218349 TI - [Differentiation dependent lectin patterns in osteoblasts, bone tumors, and tumor like lesions]. PMID- 3218350 TI - [Comparative histochemistry of the lectin binding patterns in chondromatous tumors (enchondroma, chondrosarcoma, and chondromatous borderline tumors)]. PMID- 3218351 TI - [Neoglycoproteins to characterize endogenous lectins in distinct differentiated malignant mesotheliomas]. PMID- 3218352 TI - [Disturbances in peritoneal differentiation as a reaction to asbestos and asbestos substitutes. Experimental animal studies]. PMID- 3218353 TI - [Differentiation behavior of xenotransplanted soft tissue sarcomas]. PMID- 3218354 TI - [Gene expression of osteoblasts during differentiation]. PMID- 3218355 TI - [Heterogeneity of clonal cell lines from a spontaneous osteosarcoma]. PMID- 3218356 TI - [Comparison between differentiation status and growth behavior in colon carcinoma]. PMID- 3218357 TI - [Histogenic and functional markers of epithelial differentiation in thymomas and thymus carcinomas]. PMID- 3218358 TI - [Image analysis of the differentiation status of lymphatic cells in malignant non Hodgkin lymphomas and tonsils]. PMID- 3218359 TI - [Types of metaplasia in the gall bladder]. PMID- 3218360 TI - [The secretory component in colorectal carcinomas--a prognostically relevant differentiation marker]. PMID- 3218362 TI - [Collaboration between pathology and surgery in oncology. I. From the viewpoint of the pathologist]. PMID- 3218361 TI - [Production of monoclonal antibodies against differentiation antigens of the exocrine pancreas]. PMID- 3218363 TI - [Collaboration between pathology and surgery in oncology. II. From the viewpoint of the surgeon]. PMID- 3218364 TI - [Cell differentiation: a new technology in pathology]. PMID- 3218365 TI - [Medical development cooperation in Central Africa]. PMID- 3218366 TI - [The functional significance of coronary collateral circulation: experimental and clinical studies]. PMID- 3218367 TI - [Gastroesophageal continence: flow and not reflux]. PMID- 3218368 TI - [Ultrastructure of skin capillaries in patients with localized nevoid angiokeratoma]. PMID- 3218369 TI - [Lipid peroxidation in skin-resorptive effect of various organophosphate pesticides]. PMID- 3218370 TI - [Perivascular lymphoid follicles--the organs of the immune system of the skin]. PMID- 3218371 TI - [Various aspects of the clinical course and pathogenesis of guttate psoriasis]. PMID- 3218372 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 3218373 TI - [Bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex in patients with alopecia areata]. PMID- 3218374 TI - [Use of thermography for the diagnosis and control of the effectiveness of the treatment of circumscribed scleroderma]. PMID- 3218375 TI - [Kyrle's disease]. PMID- 3218376 TI - [Epidemiology and the characteristics of foot mycoses in metallurgy workers]. PMID- 3218378 TI - [Idiopathic Pasini-Pierini atrophoderma associated with guttate scleroderma]. PMID- 3218377 TI - [Lesion of the spine in psoriatic arthritis]. PMID- 3218379 TI - [Phagocytic activity of leukocytes in syphilis]. PMID- 3218380 TI - [Morphine self-administration by rats using a pneumatic syringe]. AB - An apparatus for drug self-administration by rats using a pneumatic syringe was developed by Weeks. A microliter syringe operated by a pneumatic cylinder supplies an accurate volume of drug solution within one second. When coefficient of variation of infusion volume was compared among pneumatic syringe, infusion pump, and peristaltic pump, pneumatic syringe showed higher accuracy in infusion volume than the other two pumps. Since the infusion speed by a pneumatic syringe is very rapid (less than one second per infusion), the effect of infusion speed on reinforcing property of morphine was investigated. When rats self-administered 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg/infusion of morphine by pneumatic syringes, the patterns of self-infusion were more stable, the number of self-infusions and the amount self-administered were larger, and a dose-response relationship was clearer in comparison with those self-infused the same doses of morphine for 5.6 seconds by infusion pumps or peristaltic pumps. PMID- 3218381 TI - [The effects of noscapine and chlorpheniramine on physical dependence and antitussive activity of dihydrocodeine]. AB - The effects of noscapine and chlorpheniramine on physical dependence liability and antitussive activity of dihydrocodeine, a narcotic antitussive, were studied. For developing physical dependence, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with dihydrocodeine (DC), noscapine (N), and chlorpheniramine (CP) singly or simultaneously admixed with food (drug-admixed food method (DAF): DC: 0.125, N: 0.25, CP: 0.05 mg/g of food, for 7 days) or were intermittently medicated for 3 days at one-hour intervals through an implanted intravenous cannula (infusion method: DC: 0.5-2, N: 1-4, CP: 0.2-0.8 mg/kg x 24 times/day). Subsequently, rats were treated with naloxone (0.5 mg/kg, sc) and checked for withdrawal signs during 3 hours. Naloxone-precipitated body weight loss of DC was suppressed by simultaneous administration of N or CP. In combined group of DC, N, and CP, withdrawal signs, such as body weight loss, body shakes, and diarrhea, were more remarkably suppressed. Papaverine, the same kind of spasmolytic as N, was tested by the same schedule of DAF. Papaverine did not suppress the naloxone precipitated withdrawal signs of DC. These results suggest that suppressive effect of N is not due to its spasmolytic action. On the other hand, the cough reflex was induced by electric stimulation in guinea pigs and the fifty percent of antitussive dose (AtD50) was estimated in order to evaluate the influence of N and CP on antitussive effect of DC. N and CP did not change the antitussive effect of DC. These results may suggest that N and CP suppress the development of physical dependence of DC without diminishing the pharmacological effects of DC. PMID- 3218382 TI - [Fatal bicycle accidents--causes and legal responsibility]. AB - Ninety-nine bicycle and motorcycle accidents were analyzed that had taken place from 1980 to 1984 in and around Frankfurt on the Main. The postmortem examinations were done in the Center of Forensic Medicine at the University of Frankfurt. Twenty-five percent of the bicycle riders were children up to the age of 15 years and 25% were elderly people over the age of 60. Most of the people involved in motorcycle accidents were between 17 and 24 years of age. The greatest amount of accidents took place in the summer, but in October there was also a peak. On weekdays, Thursday was the day when most of the accidents happened and Sunday showed the least. About 50% of the bicycle accidents happened in the city; 44% of the motorcyclists had lethal accidents on normal roads in the country. The most dangerous situation for bicycle riders was created by fast vehicles following them, but intersections proved to be a danger point, too. Nearly 40% of the motorcycle accidents were not caused by other vehicles. The most frequent cause of death was head injuries (45%), followed by injuries of the internal organs and spine. Many bicycle riders caused the accidents themselves (43.6%). Most of the fatal motorcycle accidents were caused by others (56%). In all of the cases studied, 30% of the participants involved had a relevant blood alcohol concentration. PMID- 3218383 TI - G3m(21) typing by ELISA and dot immunobinding with enzyme-labeled monoclonal anti G3m(21) antibody. AB - Simple, rapid methods are described for G3m(21) typing with peroxidase-labeled monoclonal anti-G3m(21) antibody. In G3m(21) typing by ELISA, microtiter wells were coated directly with the test antigen, which was detected with the enzyme labeled monoclonal antibody. To further simplify the procedure, a dot immunobinding method was developed. The antigen in the test serum applied onto a nitrocellulose membrane was successfully detected with the enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibody. These methods, particularly the dot immunobinding, are suitable for forensic casework because they are rapid and simple and require no technical skill. PMID- 3218384 TI - Experimental studies on the mechanism of ethanol formation in corpses. AB - Various in vitro experiments were performed for the purpose of clarifying the mechanism of ethanol production in corpses. Whereas a negligible quantity of ethanol was produced in the blood alone, which was left at room temperature, the quantity of ethanol was slightly increased by addition of glucose to the blood. When saprogens were further added, the quantity was markedly increased. Various materials were added to blood-liver homogenates as specimens, and the mixtures were stored in an incubator at 37 degrees C. As a result of the addition of an antibiotic to the mixture every day, there was hardly any production of ethanol. When alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were added, ethanol production was slightly increased. When acetaldehyde was added first, ethanol production was inhibited the next day, but on and after day 2, the quantity of ethanol was more than that in the control material. When pyruvic acid was added first, the results were similar to the above. Pyrazole, cyanamide, and disulfiram completely inhibited the production of ethanol. Ethanol production in corpses is believed to take place through a pathway opposite to that of ethanol metabolism in the living body, under the influence of ADH, ALDH, etc., in saprogens using carbohydrates as substrates. PMID- 3218385 TI - Digoxin, magnesium, and potassium levels in a forensic autopsy material of sudden death from ischemic heart disease. AB - In 91 cases where the cause of death was heart disease, digoxin, Mg and K concentrations in serum and ventricular myocardium were measured post mortem. Forty per cent were positive for digoxin in both serum and myocardium. The mean serum level was 5.1 +/- 2.4 nmol/l and the mean myocardial level was 42.6 +/- 27.5 ng/g. Correlation could be established between serum and myocardial concentrations of digoxin. There were statistically significant differences in serum as well as in myocardial digoxin levels in persons on 0.13 mg and 0.25 mg per day, respectively. Myocardial levels of Mg and K were low as generally found in persons with ischemic heart disease. There was no correlation between these levels and myocardial digoxin concentrations. Caution must be exercised in the assessment of digoxin results from cadaver samples because of the postmortem rise of digoxin serum concentrations. Considering this fact, the results still indicate that the prevalence of toxic digoxin concentrations might be more common than previously thought. PMID- 3218386 TI - Haptoglobin phenotyping by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing and its application to simultaneous typing of serum proteins. AB - A simple isoelectric focusing method for haptoglobin (HP) typing is described. Serum was pretreated first with C. perfringens neuraminidase (CPN) and then with dithiothreitol (DTT). The treated serum was subjected to polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAGIF), and the band patterns were detected by immunoblotting. The method could be successfully applied to HP typing of bloodstains as old as 2 months. A slight modification of it enabled HP, complement component C81, and factor I (IF) to be typed simultaneously. The immunoblotting facilitated preservation of HP patterns. Thus, the PAGIF method for HP typing is suitable for routine use in the forensic laboratory. PMID- 3218387 TI - In vitro changes in human spermatozoa exposed to gastric juice: laboratory findings as a support for forensic practice. AB - Samples of complete human semen were incubated in gastric juice for different time periods at 37 degrees C, and by simulating the post-mortem temperature decrease of the human body. The changes in the spermatozoa were similar in both experiments. Short incubation specimens were examined directly with interference contrast microscopy and showed an almost immediate immobilization of spermatozoa when they were brought in contact with gastric juice. Specimens with longer incubation periods were stained with alcalic fuchsine and examined by immersion microscopy. There was a morphologically stable plateau for the heads of the spermatozoa for up to 6 h of incubation. The tails disappeared progressively in the first 45 min. After more than 6 h of incubation a progressive swelling and lysis of the heads was observed. Spermatozoa could be recognized for up to 7 days of incubation. PMID- 3218388 TI - A very slow BF variant (S085) detected in a Japanese population. AB - Using high-voltage agarose gel electrophoresis and immunofixation a very slow BF variant was detected in a Japanese person living in Yamanashi district. The family analysis suggested the hereditary occurrence of a new allele, BF*S085. PMID- 3218389 TI - [Error in expert assessment]. AB - On the basis of the statutory code of physicians' duties in Poland, the authors discuss a new category of professional error, namely "error in expert assessment." Expert assessment comprises: Issue of certificates stating temporary inability to work (L-4 forms); Issue of certificates allocating patients to appropriate disability categories; Issue of certificates entitling patients to special services; Issue of certificates for legal purposes According to regulation any physician can be required to provide an expert assessment, because institutions requesting such an opinion refer to persons or institutions so as to obtain special information. In certain cases physicians may request to be released from this obligation. Nevertheless, if they accept it and then pass an erroneous opinion they may be liable to a charge of malpractice. The authors have pointed out that errors in expert assessment usually result from: Inadequate professional knowledge; Examination of the records with no clinical examination; Failure to take account of information included in the patient's file; Illogical or unjustified conclusions about the cause and result relationship. The most common errors in the formulation of expert assessments are: "Overdiagnosis" of the results of an accident; Unjustified statements that death has resulted from an accident or from bad working conditions in cases of death from natural causes; Incorrect reconstruction of the events leading up to an accident or of the mechanism of injuries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3218390 TI - [Chemico-toxicologic findings in fatal suicidal poisoning by demeton-S-methyl]. AB - A case of lethal suicidal intoxication with demeton-S-methyl is reported. Capillary chromatography on wide-bore columns (CP-sil 5, 0.53 mm ID, 1 micron film thickness) was used for the quantitative determinations of this substance in the body fluids and tissues. PMID- 3218391 TI - Immunological characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 and O:3 LPS antigens by monoclonal antibodies. AB - LPS-specific monoclonal antibodies induced against Y. enterocolitica serotype O:9 bacteria and against Y. enterocolitica O:3 were used in a comparative study to characterize the O:9 and O:3 LPS. Yersinia bacteria grown at 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C and LPS preparations thereof were tested. SDS-PAGE, Western blot analysis and adsorption procedures revealed that LPS of Y. enterocolitica O:9 differed from that of Y. enterocolitica O:3 in: (i) its repeating LPS O-side chain sugar, (ii) its shorter length of the LPS O-side-chain and (iii) its failure to show temperature-dependent variation in the length of O-side-chains. PMID- 3218392 TI - Carbon substrate assimilation patterns of clinical and environmental strains of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas caviae observed with a micromethod. AB - The assimilation of carbon substrates by 103 strains of Aeromonas of different origin identified by conventional methods was studied by means of a standardized micromethod containing 147 tests (API system). Six distinct groups could be recognized and the discriminating substrates were determined. 3 species of Aeromonas can be identified by means of conventional method: A. hydrophila, A. sobria and A. caviae. The method has a number of drawbacks: Some media are unreliable, others are difficult to read, strict preservation conditions are essential. The proposed micromethod for carbon substrate assimilation allows, in most cases, a simple separation of the 3 motile Aeromonas species. PMID- 3218393 TI - The effects of Mycoplasma mobile 163 K on the ciliary epithelium of tracheal organ cultures. AB - Mycoplasma (M.) mobile 163 K, isolated from the gills of a tench (Tinca tinca L.), was examined for cytotoxic capacities using tracheal organ cultures from gnotobiotic rats and gnotobiotic piglets in pH-controlled experiments (pH 7.2 7.6). The mycoplasmas caused an inhibition of the ciliary activity at incubation temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 degrees C. The strongest cilia stopping effect was observed at an incubation temperature of 25 degrees C, the optimal growth temperature of the mycoplasmas. No ciliostasis occurred at 37 degrees C. The number of the organisms did clearly affect the severity of ciliostasis in the range from 4.0 x 10(4) to 7.7 x 10(8) c.f.u. in rat as well as in porcine tracheal organ cultures. Toxic substances, secreted by the mycoplasmas into the culture medium, could not be detected. In histological investigations cytopathological changes were observed in the epithelial cells, apparent in the destruction and loss of cilia, cytoplasmatic vacuolization, swelling of mitochondria, peripheral orientation of the nuclear chromatin and detachment of epithelial cells from each other and the basal membrane. The final stage of the infection was characterized by complete exfoliation of the epithelial cells and the complete destruction of the multi-layer epithelium. The localization of the mycoplasmas attached to the ciliary epithelium was shown by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 3218394 TI - [In vitro bactericidal effects of ofloxacin on S. aureus]. AB - Two Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains with differing susceptibility to penicillin G as expressed by the minimum inhibitory concentration were exposed in vitro over a period of 8 h to the continuously changing concentrations of ofloxacin achieved in human serum and cantharides blister fluid (CBF) after the single oral application of 600 mg. In both strains bacterial density was rapidly, but not totally reduced: a reduction by 99 percent took no longer than about 1 and 1.5 h resp. facing the serum level profile and about 1.5 h facing the tissue level profile. The maximum reduction of staphylococcal density in percent (kn) amounted to 0.0007 and 0.0034 and to 0.0038 and 0.0047 resp. Thus not only the serum level profiles but also the skin tissue level profiles obtainable in man proved highly effective in vitro against S. aureus irrespective of the bacterial suspectibility against penicillin G. Therefore oral ofloxacin should prove useful in staphylococcal diseases especially in so far as cutaneous tissue is involved. PMID- 3218395 TI - On the critical transition temperature of unfed adult Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus eversti mimeticus (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). PMID- 3218396 TI - Assessment of neutrophil function in the dairy cow during the perinatal period. PMID- 3218397 TI - The influence of the host cell and trypsin treatment on bovine coronavirus infectivity. PMID- 3218398 TI - Distemper-like disease in harbor seals: virus isolation, further pathologic and serologic findings. PMID- 3218399 TI - [Streptococcus porcinus--as a cause of abortion in swine]. PMID- 3218400 TI - Specificity assessment of feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus serology. PMID- 3218401 TI - [Reception and extrareceptor binding of cytostatic serotonin antagonists by early embryos of the sea urchin Arbacia lixula]. AB - Unfertilized eggs and early embryos of the sea urchin Arbacia lixula incubated for 60 min in a medium containing the antagonists of prenervous serotonin, i.e. inmecarb (21 microM) or imipramine (40 microM), bind up to 5 microM of these drugs per 1 ml of cells. At high cell concentrations (more than 10,000 eggs or embryos per 1 ml), this binding is not followed by inhibition of cleavage divisions or by increase in the sensitivity to cytostatic effects of these drugs, which is taken as an indication that this binding is a nonreceptive one. The decrease in concentration of eggs or embryos does not affect total binding of the drugs, although their antiserotonin effects become evident indicating the existence of the receptor sites of binding. In experiments with 3H-imipramine, two binding pools were found (Bmax being correspondingly equal to about 20 and 0.75 microM/ml of embryos; the values of Kd amount to 200 and 15 microM). One of them is a nonreceptive pool, whereas the other presumably coincides with receptor binding sites of prenervous serotonin antagonists. PMID- 3218402 TI - [Morphologic characteristics and responses of the neurons of the right parietal ganglion in Lymnaea stagnalis to stimulation of the sensory structures]. AB - Intracellular recordings have been made of the responses of 22 neurons of the central part of the dorsal surface of the right parietal ganglion of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis to adequate stimulation of chemo-, photo- and mechanoreceptor cells of the mantle and head skin including tentacles and lips. It was shown that the main bulk of the neurons investigated has broad receptive fields in the body wall and mantle, being able to respond to all types of the applied stimuli. Alongside, single neurons were revealed which receive single-mode input, either a mechanosensory or chemosensory one. Morphological studies indicate that the neurons are unipolar and have usually one, sometimes several projections. They differ in the pattern of branching as well as in the projections to peripheral nerves. However, almost all of them have vast dendritic regions in the central nervous system including central sensory nucleus of the right parietal ganglion. PMID- 3218403 TI - [Axonal projections of the cells of the dorsal ganglia in the lumbar segments of the spinal cord in tadpoles of the toad Xenopus laevis]. AB - Using anterograde labeling by horseradish peroxidase, studies have been made on the formation of axonal projections of cells of the dorsal ganglia in lumbar segments of Xenopus tadpoles at different stages of development of their hindlimbs. It was shown that at the early stages of premetamorphosis, primary afferents grow into the spinal cord and form collaterals directed into the grey matter. During prometamorphosis, the axons reach lateral motor nucleus. At final stages of prometamorphosis, when the hind limbs are used for locomotion, as well as at further stages of development, axons of the 9th and 10th dorsal roots reach motoneurons mainly in the Xth, not the IXth segment. During final stages of metamorphosis, contralateral projections of primary afferents were found in the lumbar segments. In two experiments, labeled interneurons were revealed in the intermediate grey matter. Organization and development of the primary afferent projections in the anuran spinal cord are discussed. PMID- 3218404 TI - [The chemical determinism of the genetic code: correlation of steric parameters of amino acids and anticodons]. PMID- 3218405 TI - [Age-related and organ-tissue characteristics of the function of the antioxidant system in white rats]. AB - Various components of antioxidant system (concentration of the reduced and oxidated forms of non-protein thiol compounds and ascorbic acid, the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase) have been investigated in the blood, brain and liver of growing albino rats. It was found that the specific condition of this system depends on the age of animals and on the source of the system. Disorganization of the antioxidant system in senile animals was noted which results from intensification of free radical oxidation. PMID- 3218406 TI - [The presence of various types of regulation of endorphin biosynthesis in the rat gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3218407 TI - [A logical definition of the concept of the "opportunistic microorganism" (a discussion apropos of the article by A. F. Frolov, A. M. Zaritskii and Iu. M. Fel'dman published in Zhurnal mikrogilogii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii, l986, No. 9, pp. 93-7)]. PMID- 3218408 TI - [Catalog of the monoclonal antibodies available in institutions of the Comecon member countries. The Hungarian People's Republic]. PMID- 3218409 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of informing the population about AIDS by means of a telephone questionnaire]. AB - The questioning of the population of Moscow, carried out over the telephone, revealed that the information campaign conducted in 1987 was partially effective. PMID- 3218410 TI - [Effect of the ABO blood group phenotype on the Staphylococcus aureus bacterial carrier state]. AB - 326 employees of 4 medical institutions (1 regional hospital, 2 city hospitals and a maternity clinic) were examined for the presence of S. aureus carriership. Examinations were made every 3 months for 3 recent years. The results of these examinations were compared with the distribution of the blood groups in the AB0 system among the carriers. Constant and malignant carrier state was detected mainly in persons with blood group A. PMID- 3218411 TI - [Detection of hepatitis B virus infection markers at a collective]. AB - The occurrence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus infection among the members of a newly formed community (370 persons) was determined. The markers were detected with the use of highly sensitive methods for the detection of HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBc, IgM anti-HBc. At the time of the formation of this community HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected, respectively, in 4%, 11% and 31.3% and 6 months later, in 8.4%, 9.5% and 46.4% of persons. The presence of a considerable number of inapparent forms of hepatitis B and differences in the degree of the involvement of individual groups in this community into the epidemic process have been shown. PMID- 3218412 TI - [The information value of a questionnaire test in an epidemiologic survey]. AB - To find out persons with decreased immune responsiveness in organized groups, the inquiry test has been proposed. The test has proved to be highly informative. Besides, the possibility of using this method for the characterization of the effectiveness of epidemic control measures has been shown. PMID- 3218413 TI - [Everyday contact spread of viral hepatitis B]. AB - The results obtained in the study of the characteristic features of the spread of viral hepatitis B under the conditions of family foci are presented. Children with viral hepatitis B have been found to infect 4-5 persons per 1,000 contacts, while adults infect not more than 1 person per 1,000 contacts. The results of the study have led to the conclusion that the idea of the potential danger of hepatitis B patients as the source of infection depends on the forms of the infectious process taken into account in evaluating its epidemiological significance. Latent cases of hepatitis B virus infection appear more frequently among the contacts of sick children than among those of sick adults, but the manifest forms of the disease are more frequently caused by infection contacted from sick adults. PMID- 3218414 TI - [Specific prevention of disorders in the immune status of experimental animals by inhalation exposure to products of microbiological synthesis]. AB - The possibility of the specific prophylaxis of the immunosuppressing effect of the products of microbiological synthesis (MBS) on laboratory animals by the preliminary immunization of the animals with the vaccine prepared from the live culture of fungi releasing MBS products has been shown. PMID- 3218415 TI - [Measles antibodies in exocrine secretions]. AB - The results of the analysis of saliva samples taken from 157 persons aged 1-48 years for the presence of antimeasles antibodies in the neutralization test, the hemagglutination inhibition test and the passive hemagglutination test are presented. The data obtained in this study suggest that antimeasles antibodies can be detected in saliva for many years after the formation of immunity, but quickly disintegrate after a saliva sample is taken. PMID- 3218417 TI - [Epidemiologic surveillance as a system]. PMID- 3218416 TI - [Active immunization and its effect on the epidemic process of childhood infections]. PMID- 3218418 TI - [Apropos of the new concept in epidemiology of the self-regulation of the epidemic process]. PMID- 3218419 TI - [A discussion apropos G. P. Kalina's article "Species-forming involution of pathogenic bacteria as a biological law (exemplified by bacteria of the genus Moraxella)"]. PMID- 3218420 TI - [The work experience of the inoculations office of a polyclinic for the adult population]. PMID- 3218421 TI - [Staphylococci in skin microbiocenosis of the breasts in nursing women]. AB - The levels of the bacterial contamination of the nipple, the areola and the surrounding skin, the occurrence and species composition of staphylococci in 120 nursing women on days 4-5 after parturition have been studied. S. aureus contaminate the surface of the nipple and the areola in 75% of the examined women, and in 57.5% of these women the massive contamination of the above mentioned areas (greater than or equal to 10(3) colony-forming units per sq. cm) is observed. In 80% of puerperae the occurrence of S. epidermidis on the nipple, the areola and the surrounding skin has proved to be practically the same. The population of S. aureus colonizing the mammary glands consists mainly of hospital strains; of these, 75.97% belong to phage type 75. PMID- 3218422 TI - [Viral hepatitis A and B as a mixed infection in children]. AB - Serological examinations of 1,200 children, hospitalized at the viral hepatitis department over a year, for the presence of hepatitis A (HA) and hepatitis B (HB) markers have revealed a 7% incidence rate of mixed HA and HB infections. Three variants of mixed infection have been established (true mixed infection, HA combined with asymptomatic HBsAg carriership, cross superinfection) and the relative significance of each of them has been determined. Mixed infection took an unfavorable course with a tendency to the prolongation of the pathological process eventuating in chronic hepatitis, especially in cases of true mixed infections (15.9%). PMID- 3218423 TI - [The epidemic spread of the influenza A and B viruses in the USSR in 1985-1986]. AB - The data on the spread of influenza A and B in the autumn and winter of 1985-1986 are given. Three epidemics caused by all presently circulating viruses, B, A (H3N2) and A (H1N1), were registered in the USSR. Of these, the greatest one was the epidemic of influenza B; morbidity rate among the adult population during this epidemic was at the level with the morbidity rate characteristic of the epidemics registered at the period of 1962-1972, and morbidity rate among children, especially school children, was even higher. PMID- 3218424 TI - [An epidemiologic projection of foci of Q fever within herds]. AB - In one of the rural regions of the nonchernozem zone retrospective epidemiological diagnosis was carried out in connection with high morbidity rates in acute respiratory diseases and influenza. This diagnosis was shown to cover cases of Q fever. Altogether 172 cases of this infection were retrospectively diagnosed. This infection affected persons working at one of sheep-breeding complexes, as well as at enterprises, technologically linked with this complex. Sheep proved to be the source of this infection, that was confirmed both serologically and by the registered cases of the isolation of Coxiella strain from sheep. PMID- 3218426 TI - [Characteristics of the immunity in typhoid infection associated with opisthorchiasis]. AB - Typhoid infection developing in persons with opisthorchiasis is characterized by the appearance of pronounced systemic immunity, that ensures a more favorable clinical course of this infection and promotes a decrease in the occurrence of diarrheal phenomena and bacteremia. At the same time, in typhoid patients, simultaneously affected by opisthorchiasis, a more intensive release of the infective agent into the environment is observed. This seemingly demonstrates the presence of disturbances in the local protective mechanisms regulating the process of the release of bacteria on the level of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3218425 TI - [The epidemiologic effectiveness of the nonspecific prophylaxis of acute respiratory infections in organized collectives]. PMID- 3218427 TI - [Effect of detergent and glycerin on the efficacy of nasal immunotherapy with allergens and on the level of the lymphocyte subpopulation in the organs of local immunity]. AB - Experimental mixed allergy to staphylococcal antigens in guinea pigs was treated by the intranasal administration of a staphylococcal allergen with a surfactant or glycerin added. The treatment was found to produce a hyposensitizing effect with respect to immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. The addition of glycerine enhanced this effect. At the same time the level of T-lymphocytes in the lungs and the lymph nodes of the respiratory tract returned to normal. Detergent used at a concentration of 2% abolished the hyposensitizing effect of the allergen, stimulated T-lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of the respiratory tract and the lungs; the number of T-suppressors decreased. PMID- 3218428 TI - [The significance of corticosteroid insufficiency in the mechanisms of toxicosis in experimental listeriosis]. AB - The infection of mice with Listeria led, in case of the development of an acute generalized form of the disease, to the sharp decrease of the content of ascorbic acid and to the nearly complete delipidization of the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex, which was indicative of the development of relative adrenal insufficiency. The most pronounced histomorphological and histochemical changes occurred simultaneously with the maximum accumulation of Listeria in the adrenal glands. The administration of hydrocortisone at the period of the development of acute infection produced a temporary decrease in the manifestations of toxicosis. The maximum protective effect was achieved by combined glucocorticoid and antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3218429 TI - [Hemispheric cerebral blood flow in various types of brain injuries]. AB - The method of intravenous and inhalation administration of 133Xe was used to study the hemispheric cerebral blood flow in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma in 39 patients. The authors revealed the peculiarities of changes in cerebral hemodynamics depending on the type of the brain trauma (diffuse, localized contusions, compression of the brain by extracerebral hematomas). The prognostic significance of some parameters of hemispheric cerebral blood flow in various types of damage is determined. PMID- 3218430 TI - [Microsurgical anatomy of extraorganic arteries of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex and the rational technic of its removal for transplantation]. AB - The authors ascertained the existence of numerous anastomoses between the right and left hypophyseal arteries on the level of both the interlobar sulcus and the base of the hypophyseal funnel in the form of an inferior and superior hypophyseal anastomotic rings, as well as a system of arterial connections between the anterosuperior and anteroinferior subgroups of the hypothalamic arteries located in front of and lateral to the chiasma as prechiasmal networks. This creates anatomo-physiological preconditions for adequate circulation in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal graft after its transplantation and inclusion in the blood flow of the internal carotid artery or one of its terminal branches. Bearing in mind the close connection of the hypophyseal and hypothalamic arteries with the cavernous sinuses, chiasma, and components of the sella turcica, the hypothalamo-hypophyseal graft must be removed in a complex with these structures. PMID- 3218431 TI - [Bilateral deafness after intra-lumbar administration of kanamycin]. PMID- 3218432 TI - [Two-dimensional echoencephalography in neurosurgery]. PMID- 3218433 TI - [Surgical treatment of intracranial hematoma in the acute period of rupture of cerebral aneurysm]. AB - The authors analyse the results of surgical treatment of intracranial hematomas in the acute period of ruptures of arterial aneurysms in 38 patients. The surgical tactics and volume of surgical intervention are determined according to the rate of the clinical manifestations of the hematoma and the severity of the patients' condition. Rupture of the hematoma into the ventricles of the brain and a hematoma more than 60 cm3 in volume are of unfavourable prognostic significance in ruptures of aneurysms attended by the formation of a hematoma. A vascular spasm in the presence of a hematoma is not a dominant factor determining the outcome of the operation. PMID- 3218434 TI - [Osteotomy in the area of the knee joint. I. Indications and surgical technic]. PMID- 3218435 TI - [Injuries of the distal epiphysis of the humerus in children]. PMID- 3218436 TI - [Surgical approach in fractures of the head and diaphysis of the radius]. PMID- 3218437 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital hip dysplasia in the first 6 years of life at the First Orthopedic Clinic of Charles University Medical School in Prague- modern concepts]. PMID- 3218438 TI - [The flatfoot in children--pes planovalgus]. PMID- 3218439 TI - [Reconstruction of the wrist using autologous fibula in tumors of the distal radius]. PMID- 3218440 TI - Proceedings of the first joint meeting of the Swedish and British Angiology Societies. Stockholm, Sweden, August 21-24, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3218441 TI - [Para-articular osteoporosis in chronic polyarthritis]. AB - In patients with rheumatoid arthritis according to the criteria of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) (4) the head of the femur was resected during reconstructive hip joint operation. The area of increased radiological translucence near to the joint space was histologically investigated. The rarefication of the trabecula was found distal of the articular cartilage. In this radiologically translucent area numerous osteoclasts and inflammatory cells could be found. PMID- 3218442 TI - Brain dysfunction in primary ciliary dyskinesia? AB - To identify possible altered flow of cerebrospinal fluid due to defective ependymal ciliary motion, 8 subjects, including 6 with Kartagener's syndrome (KS), 1 with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and 1 with situs inversus were studied by computerized tomography (CT) examination of the brain and paranasal sinuses and had their nasal cilia studied by in vitro ciliary beat frequency (CBF) analysis. Five of the 6 patients with KS and the one with PCD had abnormal CBF (slowed or absent), while the CBF of 1 KS patient and the subject with situs inversus was normal. CT evaluation of the brains of all subjects was normal. Sinus examinations of the 7 patients with KS and PCD revealed mucosal thickening. We conclude that slowed or absent ciliary activity as measured in vitro is not associated with brain abnormalities as demonstrated by CT examination. PMID- 3218443 TI - Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: incidence and prevalence rates in Denmark 1948-64 based on the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry. AB - The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (DMSR) is a national register based upon the ethnically homogeneous Danish population of about 5 millions. The DMSR was founded in 1956 following a nationwide Danish prevalence survey of MS in 1949 and a continuous registration of incident cases of MS since January 1, 1948. Included in DMSR are all Danish cases of MS (or suspicion of MS) diagnosed by a neurologist or a department of neurology. The sources of notification are the 22 neurological departments in Denmark, the National Patient Registry, the neuropathological departments, the Registry of Causes of Death, and, up to 1975, the Disablement Insurance Court. Notified cases which do not comply with the standardized diagnostic criteria of the DMSR are excluded. An estimate of the completeness of the DMSR is 90-95% and the validity is around 94%. Age- and sex specific incidence rates of MS for the interval 1948-64 are presented. The crude annual incidence rate of MS in Denmark was in the year 1948-64 4.42 per 100,000 population, 22% higher in females than males. There was a significant geographical variation of incidence rates and a significant downward trend in incidence rates during the interval, whereas the prevalence rates showed a slight increase. PMID- 3218444 TI - Anticardiolipin response and its association with infections in young and middle aged patients with cerebral infarction. AB - Antibodies binding to solid-phase cardiolipin (anticardiolipin antibodies, ACA), which are closely associated with lupus anticoagulant activity, have been found in patients with thrombosis. ACA are often seen also in patients after acute infections. To study further our recent observation on the association between infection and cerebral infarction in young and middle-aged patients we measured anticardiolipin response (IgG, IgM, IgA) in paired sera from 54 consecutive patients with cerebral infarction under 50 years of age and in 54 community controls matched for sex and age. An elevated IgG-class ACA level or a significant change in level as observed in 2 serial samples occurred in 15 (28%) patients, but in only 4 (7%) controls (P less than 0.02). These ACA levels were only slightly elevated, and there were no patients with levels approaching values commonly seen in lupus anticoagulant-positive patients. Neither were there any patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as an underlying disease. The combination of IgG-class ACA positivity and preceding probable bacterial infection (based on clinical, cultural or serologic data) was found in 10 patients (18%) but in only 2 controls (4%) (P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in IgM- or IgA-class ACA between the patients and their controls. These results suggest that IgG-class ACA response associated with preceding probable bacterial infection is more common in patients with cerebral infarction than in their community controls. However, slightly elevated ACA are probably only indirect indicators of preceding infection and not directly involved in the pathogenesis of thrombosis itself. PMID- 3218445 TI - Brain and intracranial cavity volumes: in vivo determination by MRI. AB - Brain volume is altered by pathological processes such as swelling or atrophy yet until now this is a parameter which could only be determined at post mortem. This paper describes a non-invasive technique using MRI which permits the in vivo determination of brain volume (BV), intracranial cavity volume (ICV), ventricular, cortical sulcal and total intracranial CSF volumes. The technique was applied to 40 normal volunteers (20 males, 20 females) to investigate the variation of these parameters with age and sex after normalisation with respect to ICV. There was found to be a significant decrease in normalised brain volume between the ages of 20 and 60 years in males by 1.6% per decade. In females the decrease was less (0.5%) but was not statistically significant. This technique will make it possible, for the first time, to investigate prospectively the correlation between mental function and brain volume in illness and ageing. PMID- 3218446 TI - Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) deficiency in different types of progressive hereditary cerebellar ataxia. AB - Leukocyte glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was studied in 29 patients affected by progressive cerebellar ataxia (PCA) and in 20 healthy controls. Eight GDH deficient patients, with GDH activity 2 SD below mean value of controls, were identified. GDH deficiency did not identify a subgroup of PCA by characteristic pattern of inheritance and/or age of onset of disease. However, the GDH-deficient patients presented more neurological signs than non-GDH-deficient patients. A significant correlation was observed between GDH deficiency and the presence of extrapyramidal signs, supranuclear palsy, absence of osteotendineal reflexes and neurogenic electromyographical findings. PMID- 3218447 TI - Epidemiology of stroke in Lund-Orup, Sweden, 1983-85. Incidence of first stroke and age-related changes in subtypes. AB - The incidence of stroke in the hospital district of Lund-Orup (total population 200,191), the local uptake area of the University Hospital, Lund, was studied. Between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 1985, there were 1054 cases of first stroke. Age adjusted (to Swedish Dec 1983 population) incidence rates were 221.2 for males, 195.8 for females, and 208.3 for total population (per 100,000 and year). Case-fatality ratio by 30 days was 17.5%. Atherothrombotic infarction was the most common subtype (58.4%), followed in frequency by cardiac embolism (30.6%), intracerebral hemorrhage (8.3%) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (2.7%). The most important change in the distribution of subtypes with age was an increase in the proportion of cardiac embolism from 13% in the youngest to 44% in the oldest age groups. The present study underscores the importance of careful determination of subtypes of stroke in future epidemiological studies. PMID- 3218448 TI - Frequent febrile episodes and recurrent febrile convulsions. AB - The relationship between the number of febrile episodes and recurrent febrile convulsions was studied prospectively in 289 children after their first febrile seizure. They were randomized to either short-term diazepam prophylaxis (n = 152) or to no prophylaxis (n = 137), and followed for 18 months. Among untreated children with many subsequent febrile episodes (greater than or equal to 4 per year) 29 of 37 (78%) had a recurrence vs. 17 of 100 (17%) with only few (less than 4 per year) feverish illnesses. The former group had a 4:1 chance of developing further febrile fits, compared with a 1:4 chance in the latter (P less than 0.0001). A similar pattern was observed in the prophylaxis group, but less recurrences were seen (30% vs. 6%, P less than 0.0001). By Cox regression analysis, the subsequent occurrence of many febrile episodes could be identified among several items, including young age at onset, as the adverse factor most highly associated with further febrile fits (P less than 0.0001). PMID- 3218449 TI - Clinical brain death with preserved cerebral arterial circulation. AB - We present a case of a 44-year old male suffering from severe subarachnoid haemorrhage secondary to a ruptured basilar artery aneurysm. Clinical examination on 3 consecutive days fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of clinical brain death. Nevertheless, cerebral angiograms showed intracranial filling until the third day after the bleeding. Autopsy showed acute infarction of the brain stem and the cerebellum. PMID- 3218450 TI - Selenium and vitamin E treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: no effect on muscle function. AB - 16 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were treated with sodium selenite and vitamin E for one year. One group of patients (10 boys) was examined using a battery of tests to assess muscular strength and function and cardiopulmonary function, and by CT scanning of 2 muscle groups over the 4 years prior to treatment. Six boys with DMD entered the study when the treatment was begun. Tests of muscular force and function, cardiopulmonary tests and CT-scanning were performed at the onset of treatment, and after 6 and 12 months. No beneficial effect on either muscular force or function was found during the treatment period. It is concluded that selenium and vitamin E in high doses do not improve muscle function in DMD. PMID- 3218451 TI - Multimodal evoked potentials, EEG and electroretinography in patients with dystrophia myotonica. AB - EEG, somatosensory (SEP) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) and electroretinography (ERG) were recorded from 16 patients with clinical and electromyographically verified dystrophia myotonica. The results were compared to an age- and sex- matched control group and revealed statistically significant differences between the group mean values for almost all records. Furthermore, abnormal individual electrophysiological tests were relatively frequent in the patient group. No correlation was found between abnormalities in one test compared to abnormalities in the other tests. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the number of electrophysiological abnormalities and the frequency of the disease in the nearest family. The number of abnormal electrophysiological tests increased, however, with age of the patients and duration of the disease. PMID- 3218452 TI - Distribution of group-specific component subtypes in multiple sclerosis. AB - Genetic subtypes of group-specific component (Gc), a protein possibly influencing susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection, were assessed by isoelectric focusing of plasma from 88 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and related to frequencies among 3394 control individuals subjected to paternity studies. We found no clear association between MS and frequencies of phenotypes or alleles of Gc protein. PMID- 3218453 TI - Migraine and status epilepticus. PMID- 3218454 TI - Operative treatment of recurrent cancer of the uterine cervix after radiotherapy. AB - During the period 1976-83, 47 women were operated on for recurrent or persistent cancer of the uterine cervix following initial radiation therapy. The operations performed were Wertheim's operation combined with dissection of the pelvic nodes, or some type of pelvic exenteration. With a 5-year survival of 31% in our material, surgical treatment of centrally located recurrences is a realistic possibility. We recommend an exenterative procedure as the operation is technically easier and the complications require less radical surgical treatment. The operation should only be done on narrow indications in the hope of achieving a cure, and the selection of patients must thus be stringent. PMID- 3218455 TI - The effect of Permixon on androgen receptors. AB - Permixon, the liposterolic extract of the plant Serenoa Repens is a recently introduced drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The effect of Permixon on dihydrotestosterone and testosterone binding by eleven different tissue specimens was tested. The drug reduced the mean uptake of both hormones by 40.9% and 41.9% respectively in all tissue specimens. Since hirsutism and virilism are among other gynecological problems caused either by excessive androgen stimulation or excess endorgan response, we suggest that Permixon could be a useful treatment in such conditions and recommend further investigations of the possible therapeutic values of the drug in gynecological practice. PMID- 3218456 TI - Uterine microcurettage with combined endometrial histopathology and cytology. An alternative to conventional curettage. AB - A new disposable mechanical curette, the Inocurette, was used to obtain endometrial samples for histopathology and cytology. The instrument was tested on 120 patients; 37 patients were known from a previous conventional curettage (D & C) to have an endometrial cancer and 83 patients were referred to the County Hospital of Trelleborg for curettage because of dysfunctional bleedings. In all 120 patients a D & C followed the microcurettage procedure. The samples were randomized, coded and analyzed blind without any clinical information. In all but 3 patients with a known endometrial cancer, sufficient microcurettage sample material for either histopathology or cytology was obtained. In all but one of these 34 patients either a malignant diagnosis or seriously atypical cells were found. Using only cytology five out of 34 samples were designated adequate but normal. In a further 5 of the 37 patients the samples obtained at the subsequent D & C were inadequate for diagnosis; one sample was denoted as normal. In the 83 patients with dysfunctional bleedings, sufficient material for diagnosis after microcurettage, cytology and D & C was obtained in 74, 83 and 79 patients respectively. One endometrial cancer was disclosed by all three methods. Inocurette sampling causes little discomfort and requires no special training. The combined microcurettage--cytology procedure may be recommended as an alternative to conventional curettage, though, for the time being, D & C should not be replaced for cytology alone. PMID- 3218458 TI - Ureteral obstruction caused by endometriosis. AB - A case of endometriosis causing ureteral obstruction in a young woman was observed for 3.5 years. The conclusion is that early diagnosis is important and that intravenous pyelography must be carried out at the slightest suspicion. In some cases initial treatment with Danazol alone can be tried. Otherwise the treatment must be surgical, possibly combined with Danazol. PMID- 3218457 TI - Albumin binding of MADDS--a measure of bilirubin binding--in women during pregnancy and after delivery and in their infants. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the binding potential of MADDS (monoacetyldiaminodiphenyl sulphone) to albumin, a measure for binding of unconjugated bilirubin, in healthy women during pregnancy, during and after delivery, and in their infants. The serum concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin, reserve albumin for binding of MADDS and total albumin were measured in: (a) 21 non-pregnant women; (b) 16 pregnant women in the 16th-24th, 28th-32nd, and 36th-38th gestational weeks, and at the time of delivery from both mother and infant; and (c) 15 women at the time of delivery, and 24 and 72 hours after delivery. The bilirubin concentrations did not change during pregnancy or at delivery and were very small compared with the concentrations of reserve albumin for binding of MADDS and total albumin. Therefore, the ratio of reserve albumin to total albumin was an expression of the binding potential of the albumin for MADDS in women. During pregnancy, the reserve albumin decreased equal to total albumin, so that the ratio was not significantly changed (p greater than 0.05). In contrast, at delivery the reserve albumin was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in the 36th-38th gestational weeks, without any significant difference in total albumin, i.e. the ratio was significantly lower than during pregnancy (p less than 0.01). During the first 3 days after delivery the reserve albumin increased significantly (p less than 0.05), also without any significant change in total albumin, so that the ratio increased significantly (p less than 0.05) and was normalized. The binding potential for MADDS to albumin in newborn infants was even lower than that of their mothers. Since the binding-potential is reduced in both mother and infant at delivery, a relation is suggested. PMID- 3218459 TI - Urinary iodine excretion is low and serum thyroglobulin high in pregnant women in parts of Denmark. AB - In the Randers area of Denmark urinary iodine excretion (which reflects iodine intake) was found to be much lower than recommended intake levels, both in women in late pregnancy [52(23-118) micrograms iodine/g creatinine, median, range, n = 20] and in non-pregnant controls [42(23-71), n = 20]. Serum thyroglobulin which is high in iodine deficiency was 32.5 micrograms/l (median) (range 10.5-78.0) in the control women and considerably higher in the pregnant women [67.0 micrograms/l (9.0-385)]. This increase was probably due to the extra iodine requirement of pregnancy which was not satisfied with an adequate increase in iodine intake. The results may suggest that pregnant women in this area should receive iodine supplementation and that a general program of iodine supplementation should be considered. PMID- 3218460 TI - Serum folate levels in normal full-term pregnant Chinese women. AB - Serum folate levels were determined by a radio-isotopic assay method and then analysed in 253 normal full-term pregnant women. None of them had received any hematonic during their whole pregnancy period. Their mean age was 27.72 years and the mean pregnancy duration was 39.50 weeks. Mean hemoglobin concentration in these normally pregnant women was 12.54 g%. Mean serum folate was 8.57 ng/ml. In this study, 7.51% (19 out of the 253) of the normally pregnant women had a folate level less than 3 ng/ml, and only 2 of them had clinical anemia (Hb less than 11 g%), and one of them also had serum ferritin less than 12 ng/ml. Thus pure folic acid deficiency anemia in pregnant women may be very rare in Chinese. Neither multiparity, age, nor gravida number played any role in the occurrence of folate deficiency. There would appear to be a slight positive relationship between folate levels and hemoglobin concentration in pregnant Chinese women. PMID- 3218461 TI - Causes and outcome of infertility in previously unexamined couples. AB - The etiology of infertility was evaluated in 98 previously unexamined couples at Helsinki University Central Hospital. Female endocrine disturbances (33%) and male causes (26%) were the most common factors of infertility. Two or more causes were found in 28 couples (29%). Both female and male factors were involved in 8% of cases. Eighteen of 98 women became pregnant during the infertility evaluation before any treatment was given. At four years the cumulative pregnancy rates were 65% for all couples and 60% and 51% for couples with single-factor and multifactorial infertility, respectively. The mean age was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) among those who failed to conceive than among those who conceived. Ovulatory disturbances and multiple causes are common factors in reproductive failure, but even in the presence of multifactorial infertility the primary referrals have good chances of achieving pregnancy. PMID- 3218462 TI - On the rate of tubal pregnancy contralateral to the corpus luteum. AB - Ectopic implantation of the embryo in the tube opposite to the ovary containing the corpus luteum constitutes evidence of peritoneal or uterine transmigration of the egg. The frequency of this phenomenon was reinvestigated utilizing histopathologic confirmation of the side of the corpus luteum. A tubal pregnancy contralateral to the ovulating ovary was found in 28% of 67 cases, indicating that either the oocyte, the zygote or the embryo had entered the tube in which implantation took place from a medial site such as the peritoneal or the uterine cavity rather than directly from the ovulating ovary. Assuming that once in the medial site there is equal chance of entering either tube, it follows that in 56% of tubal pregnancies the egg has entered the tube from a midline location. Attempts to recover the oocyte from the tubes in normal women were successful in fewer than 5% of cases contralateral to the corpus luteum. It is concluded that tubal pregnancy is associated with a significant increase in the occurrence of transmigration of the egg. PMID- 3218463 TI - Trainability of the pelvic floor. A prospective study during pregnancy and after delivery. AB - The contractibility and trainability of the pelvic floor were investigated during pregnancy and after vaginal delivery in 86 healthy primiparae. One group (TG) (n = 38) was instructed in training the pelvic floor from the 33rd week of pregnancy, whereas the other group (non-TG) (n = 39) was not. Both groups were measured by perineometry five times between 33rd-39th week of pregnancy and approximately 8 weeks after delivery. Half of the women were also measured 8 months post partum. At the beginning of the study both groups showed the same strength of the pelvic floor. 8 weeks and 8 months after delivery the TG were significantly (p less than 0.05) better able to contract the pelvic floor compared with the non-TG. 8 months post partum, the TG had regained the initial values of pelvic floor contraction as from 33rd week of pregnancy, whereas the non-TG had not. During pregnancy there was a better ability to contract the pelvic floor in the TG vis-a-vis the non-TG, though not significantly so. No difference in the course of delivery was observed, and the frequency of complications was the same in the two groups. PMID- 3218464 TI - Computer assessment of the intrapartum cardiotocogram. I. Methods of data reduction and diagnostic procedure. AB - To solve the problem of low predictive values in the visual assessment of the CTG, several computer programs have been designed. Only a few of those programs describe the CTG automatically and thus consistently. The aim of this study was to construct a diagnostic procedure for computer-aided automatic assessment of the CTG. A computer program quantified 17 variables of the CTG. Within a window of user-defined length, a second program calculated the number of measurements, the mean, the trend, and the coefficient of variation of each of the 17 variables, and produced a total of 56 distinct subvariables. A discriminant procedure was set up which could use any number and combination of the 56 subvariables to calculate the probability of a CTG derived from a compromised infant. The diagnostic procedure was optimized by "direct forward search" for the combination of subvariables discriminating best between normal and compromised infants. Using the last half hour of the first stage of labor, 50 CTGs entered the optimizing procedure. A combination of nine subvariables was found. In a separate paper its performance is compared with that of clinicians. PMID- 3218465 TI - Computer assessment of the intrapartum cardiotocogram. II. The value of compared with visual assessment. AB - The chief aim of our work has been to create a computer Cardiotocographic Assessment System (CAS) and thus eliminate the intra- and inter-observer variability of the visual assessment of the cardiotocogram (CTG), and to improve the assessment of the CTGs to the standard of the most experienced obstetricians. The purpose of this paper is to present the accuracy of the prediction of fetal outcome obtained by the CAS and to compare it with 4 experienced obstetricians' accuracy. Fifty CTGs from the last 30 min. of labor were assessed as normal or pathological by the computer and by the obstetricians. The condition of the newborn was evaluated from the one-minute Apgar score, the umbilical artery pH and standard base excess, and the need for resuscitation. The accuracy of the CAS was significantly better than the accuracy of the obstetrician obtaining the best result. We conclude that the development of a computer-aided cardiotocographic assessment system is worthwhile. PMID- 3218466 TI - Decrease in serum concentration of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione prior to spontaneous labor. AB - Serum 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (5 alpha DHP) and progesterone (P) concentrations before spontaneous labor were studied in 13 women whose pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. Blood samples were drawn twice weekly from the 36th week of gestation up to the onset of spontaneous labor. P and 5 alpha DHP values were analysed by applying RIA methods. Mean serum 5 alpha DHP concentrations declined significantly during the last week of pregnancy, from 135 +/- 12 nmol/l 5 days prior to spontaneous labor, to 111 +/- 10 nmol/l on the day spontaneous labor started (p less than 0.005). No significant changes in progesterone concentration occurred during the observation period. These results suggest a change in 5 alpha DHP production preceding the onset of spontaneous labor. PMID- 3218468 TI - Spontaneous rupture of uterine vein during late pregnancy. PMID- 3218467 TI - Reimplantation of a benign ovarian tumor. AB - An unusual case of a benign ovarian tumor, which had been torn off its primary usual anatomical site and transplanted to a new intra-abdominal location with new blood supply from the omentum, is described. PMID- 3218469 TI - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. A longitudinal study of ocular parameters. AB - Thirty-four patients, all fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria for Primary Sjogren's Syndrome, were examined retrospectively in order to evaluate possible longitudinal alterations in Schirmer-1-test results, Rose-bengal score, break-up time and level of ocular score. Twenty-three of the patients were characterized as Bromhexine responders according to their initially positive response to systemic treatment (16 mg x 3 daily) and 11 patients were Bromhexine non responders. All patients were treated with tear substitutes during the entire observation period of 27 to 76 months (mean 53 months), and all eye examinations were carried out by the same ophthalmologist. The responder group had, both in the start as well as at the end of the observation period, a better ocular status compared to the non-responder group. The latter group had a significantly (P less than 0.02) lower Schirmer-1-test at the start and at the end of the period, and a significantly (P less than 0.02) higher Rose-bengal score at the end of the period. Moreover, the responder group improved in Rose-bengal score (P less than 0.001), whereas the non-responder group improved both in break-up time (P less than 0.05) and Rose-bengal score (P less than 0.05). The use of a score combining results from all three tests, i.e. the ocular score, seems to be a useful tool when evaluating longitudinal variations i dry eye states. Considerable variation was seen between successive results of each ocular test, also in the periods without systemic treatment. PMID- 3218470 TI - Tear fluid pH in normals, contact lens wearers, and pathological cases. AB - The pH of the conjunctival fluid was measured with a micro-glass-electrode in the inferior conjunctival fornix of 200 persons. Among 41 binocularly normal persons the pH was found to be 6.93 +/- 0.24 (mean +/- SD) of the primarily examined eye, independent of sex and age. The conjunctival fluid was significantly more acid in contact lens wearers (6.66 +/- 0.28, N = 26), but became normalized after removal of the lens (6.49 +/- 0.32----7.09 +/- 0.19, N = 8, P less than 0.001. The conjunctival fluid was significantly more alkaline in patients with lacrimal stenosis (7.13 +/- 0.28, N = 11), keratitis (7.14 +/- 0.28, N = 10), especially mycotic keratitis and postoperatively (7.15 +/- 0.22, N = 10, the first 24 h after corneal transplantation). There was, perhaps, a tendency towards alkalisation in eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, whereas the pH was normal in the other pathological states, or the number of cases representing these may be too small. PMID- 3218472 TI - Visual acuity testing of young children with the Cambridge Crowding Cards at 3 and 6 m. AB - A modification of the single optotype Sheridan Gardiner test for pre-school children has been used to measure visual crowding. A significant 'crowding effect' has been found in children between the ages of 3 and 6 years with a general decrease in the effect over the pre-school years. The 'crowding' in 5-7 year olds is not significantly greater than that found in adults. No significant difference has been found in the extent of crowding using the test at 3 m rather than the normal 6 m viewing distance, although in general the test has been found to be practically easier with better co-operation at 3 m for the younger children. For these reasons, this particular test at 3 m would seem to be well suited to acuity testing in pre-school children, when an acuity equivalent to Snellen values is required. PMID- 3218471 TI - Eyeblink activity with hydrophilic contact lenses. A concise longitudinal study. AB - A televised discrimination task was used to assess visual performance with spectacles and then with hydrophilic ('soft') contact lenses in a small group of human subjects. Concurrent recording of eyeblink activity indicated that an increased blink rate recorded during the first month of soft contact lens wear was confined to the immediate post-response phase of testing. Furthermore, as adaptation to lens were proceeded, the blink pattern was revealed as being refined to visual task difficulty. PMID- 3218473 TI - Children referred for pleoptic treatment. A survey on aspects considering referral for examination, role of screening programmes, previous therapy and compliance. AB - The patient histories of 53 unselected children referred for pleoptic treatment were evaluated. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 12 years, and the mean age was 8.8 years. Information concerning the history was obtained from a questionnaire answered by the parents. The data concerning the ocular conditions were available in the case records. In 83% of the children the diagnosis of functional amblyopia had already been made before school age. During the first 3 years of life altogether 38% were diagnosed outside of routine screening programmes. When the children caught by screening were added, the proportion of those diagnosed before the age of four was 45%. The practice of referring patients from the child health center to the ophthalmological examination was unsatisfactory in some children (19%). Poor compliance was noted still more often (at least in 58%). Occlusion therapy had been used by 92% of the children, and in 42% alternating complete occlusion had been prescribed. PMID- 3218474 TI - Treatment of age-related macular degeneration by laser photocoagulation. Visual results 2-8 weeks and 2-4 years after initial laser treatment. AB - Laser treatment with blue-green argon, green argon and/or krypton red was performed on 578 eyes in 443 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The visual acuity was examined in all eyes 2 to 8 weeks after initial treatment and in 204 eyes in 167 patients 2 to 4 years after initial treatment. The short term results were as follow: 91/578 eyes (16%) had improved (greater than or equal to 2 lines on Snellen's charge or equivalent steps), 445/578 eyes (77%) remained unchanged and 42/578 eyes (7%) had deteriorated visual acuity (greater than or equal to 2 lines on Snellen's chart or equivalent steps). The reduction in visual acuity, may in about half of the 42 eyes be caused by too intensive laser application in the beginning of this study in 1983 and 1984 where treatment was applied with blue-green argon, which has now been abandoned. In the group with an observation time of 2 to 4 years, 42/204 eyes (21%) had improved, 119/204 eyes (58%) remained unchanged and 43/204 eyes (21%) had a deteriorated visual acuity. In the 204 eyes the subretinal neovascular lesion(s) were located extrafoveally in 52 eyes, juxtafoveally in 114 eyes and subfoveally in 38 eyes. It is to be pointed out, that even patients with a pre laser visual acuity of 6/60 or worse obtained an improvement of visual acuity in 12/27 eyes. About 40% of the eyes needed re-treatment from 1 to 8 times. It is unknown whether the obtained results are to be considered marginal or more substantial.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3218475 TI - The effect of a pulsed neodymium-YAG laser on chorioretinal monolayered cell cultures. AB - The effect of a pulsed YAG laser on monolayers of chorioretinal cells maintained in vitro on plastic surface was examined. At the energy levels used, phase contrast microscopic visible lesions were observed at all focus distances up to 2 mm. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated curling of detached sheets of cells, displacement of single cells, clustering of cells, and severe cell membrane damage at the edge of the lesions. The present system permits evaluation of the effect of different laser characteristics and application modes on the extent and morphology of damage in monolayers of human cells under easily controlled conditions. PMID- 3218477 TI - pH of organ-culture-stored corneas. AB - Changes in intracorneal and storage-medium pH values of organ-culture-stored cat corneas were monitored over a 4-week period. The intracorneal pH was determined using the phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) chemical shift of inorganic orthophosphate in conjunction with a standard pH titration curve. We incubated 32 adult cat corneas using two similar standard organ-culture methods, one with chondroitin sulfate (method 1) and the other without (method 2). Time course data at 0, 1, 3 and 4 weeks of storage were used to calculate the rate of pH change. The intracorneal pH was not changed significantly for either organ culture method; however, the storage-medium pH rate of change declined significantly for both methods (method 1, 0.15 pH units/week; method 2, 0.12 pH units/week). The difference between intracorneal and storage-medium pH values over time increased at a rate of 0.12 and 0.11 pH units/week for method 1 and method 2, respectively. The declining storage-medium pH in conjunction with the maintenance of intracorneal pH contributes to an increased metabolic demand on the cornea. PMID- 3218476 TI - Cell renewal of the rat corneal epithelium. A method to compare corresponding corneal areas from individual animals. AB - A stathmokinetic method to study the mitotic rate in the corneal epithelium of the rat is described and applied. Horizontal and vertical diameter sections were used. In order to analyze the mitotic rate in the various parts of the corneal epithelium, each vision field (objective 100, eye piece 12.5), comprising 182 microns basement membrane, was regarded as a separate unit. Since the number of vision fields across the cornea varies from specimen to specimen, we constructed a mathematical method to correlate corresponding corneal areas from different eyes. Using this method it is shown that the mitotic rate is almost equal all over the cornea, with no definite reduction in the central areas. There is no area of significantly high proliferation rate, either in the limbal area or in the adjacent conjunctiva. PMID- 3218478 TI - Effects of intracamerally or subconjunctivally injected cross-linked hyaluronic acid on the intraocular pressure and on the anterior segment of the rabbit eye. AB - Cross-linked hyaluronic acid (CLH), a viscoelastic substance with a high viscosity, was injected into the left anterior chamber of 5 rabbits without simultaneous withdrawal of aqueous humour. The right eyes of the same rabbits received an equal amount of sodium hyaluronate (Healon). The intraocular pressure (IOP) of the CLH injected eyes increased four-fold immediately after the injection. One week post injection the IOP had decreased to the pre-injection level where it remained until the euthanatization of the animals 32 days post injection. Biomicroscopically CLH was seen as a slightly opaque curly mass in the anterior chamber in the eyes that otherwise were quiet in four of the rabbits. In one rabbit the injected cross-linked substance reacted immediately with aqueous and turned white. The eye was quiet and showed no inflammatory signs. In all intracamerally injected eyes, slight to moderate aqueous flare was present 4 h post injection. Aqueous flare was still present 1 day post injection in 4 eyes, but was absent 4 days post injection. Histologically no apparent inflammatory reaction was present. Occasional giant cells were seen on the anterior surface of the iris in three animals. Slight accumulation of mononuclear cells was found in the iridocorneal angle of the CLH injected eyes. At histology few mononuclear cells were also found surrounding the subconjunctivally injected CLH still present in 4 additional rabbits when euthanatized 28, 42 and 49 days post injection. The contralateral eye of these 4 animals received an equal amount of sodium hyaluronate subconjunctivally. The substance had been resorbed completely. No reactive or inflammatory signs were present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3218479 TI - Secondary lens implantation. AB - A retrospective study is presented of a series of anterior chamber lens implantation in 64 eyes of 54 patients after an earlier cataract extraction. Best corrected final post-operative visual acuity was better or the same of best corrected pre-operative vision in 93.8% of eyes. Vision deteriorated significantly in 4 eyes, in 3 eyes cystoid macular oedema was suspected clinically, and in 1 because of open angle glaucoma. Patients requiring anterior vitrectomy had the least favourable outcome with retinal complications in 33%. Secondary lens implantation is safe. However, great caution is recommended for patients who will require anterior vitrectomy on account of the higher rate of retinal complications. PMID- 3218480 TI - Early detection of primary angle-closure glaucoma. Limbal and axial chamber depth screening in a high risk population (Greenland Eskimos). AB - In an unselected population of 541 Greenland Eskimos, a survey was performed aiming at early primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) detection. Of the men 162/274 and women 182/267 were above the age of 40. The ophthalmological examination included slit-lamp grading of limbal chamber depth (LCD), axial Haag Streit pachymetric chamber depth (ACD) measurement and direct gonioscopy in all shallow chamber cases. Dark room prone position provocative tests were extensively used in suspects. In 3 men and 5 women PACG was diagnosed, giving, above age 40, a prevalence of 2% in men (3/162) and increasing the PACG prevalence to 10% in women (18/182) as 13 were known a priori. PACG suspects, needing prophylactical iridectomy or pilocarpine, constituted 1 man and 6 women. Furthermore, narrow angles were found in 14 men and 27 women above age 40, and so far untreated. On the present background of highly effective surgical and YAG laser iridectomy facilities in early PACG, local, other arctic and global prevention of blindness aspects are briefly discussed, with a special outlook to SE-Asia. PMID- 3218481 TI - Iris fluorescein angiography and fluorescein gonioscopic photography after implantation of Choyce Mk IX anterior chamber lenses. AB - Patients underwent intracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a Choyce Mk IX anterior chamber intraocular lens. At fluorescein angiography (FAG) at a mean of 8 months post-operatively, 9 showed leaking from the iridal vessels, and 3 were normal: Three cases were excluded because of factors affecting the iris FAG. At a mean of 37 months 5 still had a slight degree of leakage. No primarily negative iris FAG changed to positive later. Fluorescein gonioscopic photography (FGP) revealed leakage in 29.5% of the tips of the foot plates at a mean of 37 months. No correlation was observable between FGP and gonioscopy. The pupillary deformation quotient DQ (greatest: smallest pupillary diameter) was significantly greater at a mean of 8 months in the eyes with leakage in iris FAG than in eyes without leakage (P = 0.0145). Individually a change both in direction against normalisation and in elongation was recorded during the observation time. PMID- 3218482 TI - Visual results and social rehabilitation after cataract surgery. A retrospective comparison of the effect of non-IOL and IOL surgery. AB - This report examines the changes that occurred in the post-operative visual and social function of patients with cataract when the hospital responsible for cataract treatment (roughly 1000 cataract extractions per year) shifted from non IOL to IOL techniques. Visual function and vision-dependent social performance were compared retrospectively in 116 patients, 53 of whom had undergone cataract extraction without IOL implantation, and 63 of whom had been treated by IOL implantation. Patients with no IOL had the possibility of using extended-wear contact lenses if unable to tolerate aphakic spectacles. Visual results and social rehabilitation were good with both techniques, and there was no significant difference in vision-dependent social performance between the groups. The quality of vision and patient satisfaction with surgery were better in IOL patients. It appears that, once vision is restored by surgery and contact lenses are available, post-operative function in patients is determined by factors other than the type of cataract surgery. However, the shift to IOL surgery brings about improved quality of vision and patient satisfaction. PMID- 3218483 TI - Preserved vision in a case of morning glory syndrome: some pertinent questions. AB - Morning glory syndrome, an unusual developmental anomaly of the optic nerve head, presenting with funnelled enlargement of the disc with a white dot in the centre and a peripheral vascular pattern along the disc margin, with features of typical entry and exit of retinal vessels on the optic nerve head and exceptionally good vision in the involved eye with old traumatic retinal detachment in the other, in a young Indian girl is described here for its rarity and indifferent clinical presentation. Various factors in its pathogenesis are postulated. PMID- 3218484 TI - Accumulation of glycation products in alpha-H pig lens crystallin and its bearing to diabetic cataract genesis. AB - The incorporation of 14C-glucose in native pig crystallin by in vitro incubation was found, after subsequent dialysis, to affect all 5 classes of crystallin separated by Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Though the radioactivity of the alpha-H fraction was three times greater than that of any of the others, autoradiographs of SDS-PAGE gels showed 14C-glucose adducts to be present in all soluble protein subunits, without there being any evidence of preferential glycation of the alpha-H subunits. The concentration of stable glycation products in the alpha-H chromatographic fraction of soluble crystallins is suggested to be due the addition of glycated material to this fraction as result of glycation induced hyperaggregation, and not because the alpha-H subunits were especially susceptible to glycation. PMID- 3218486 TI - Scandinavian Workshop in Skull Base Surgery. Selected papers on acoustic tumour diagnosis and treatment. Linkoping 1986. PMID- 3218485 TI - The mechanics of the middle-ear at static air pressures: the role of the ossicular joints, the function of the middle-ear muscles and the behaviour of stapedial prostheses. AB - In an experimental study, the mechanical behaviour of the ossicle-chain during changes of the static air pressure was analyzed microscopically and with a radiographic magnification technique in temporal bone preparations. Several preliminary experiments served to pinpoint methodological problems, like exsiccation-artifacts, storage procedures, preparation defects, missing air cushion effect with the opened middle-ear cavity, absent labyrinthine pressure, relation of the optical axis to middle-ear structures and statistical reproducibility of the measured values. Variations of the static air pressure in the external ear canal ranging from 0 to +/- 400 mmH2O induce an inward-outward movement of the malleus. In the regular middle-ear, the direction of this movement is changed within the ossicular chain into a predominantly upward downward direction of the lenticular process, due to a gliding function of the incudo-malleal (IM) joint. This results in a gliding movement of the surfaces of the incudostapedial joint (IS). In this way, the stapes and the inner-ear are decoupled from the excessive displacements of the drum membrane and malleus. This change in the mode of motion explains many former results of ossicle vibration, aroused by unphysiologically high sound pressures, like v. Bekesy's description of the tilting footplate. This mode of motion, however, changes completely if the gliding function of the IM-joint is cancelled by experimental ankylosis. In that case, the predominant direction of movement at the incus and stapes is inward and outward, too. This mode of motion has been the generally accepted concept of the ossicle-chain mechanics up to now. This isodirectional motion also occurs with progressive exsiccation of the temporal bone preparations, explicable with drying and shrinking of the capsular ligament of the IM-joint. It is conceivable, therefore, that our concepts of the mechanics of the ossicle-chain were partly based on experiments with insufficiently moistened temporal bone preparations, as the methodological problem of the exsiccation became known only during recent decades. In further experiments with static air pressure, the mechanics of the reconstructed ossicle-chain, i.e. tympanoplasty and stapedial prostheses, were studied. In the columella-like chain reconstruction, the displacement of the stapes equals the values measured with the ankylosed IM-joint. This displacement is limited by the strength of the annular ligament, whose function, however, is eliminated in the case of stapedial prostheses. Now the displacement is limited by the friction of the piston at the perforation in the footplate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3218487 TI - Diagnostic strategies in search for acoustic neuromas. Findings in 300 acoustic neuroma patients. AB - The diagnostic findings in 300 patients with acoustic neuromas are reported. Because of a centralized treatment of acoustic neuromas, we have a uniform work up of all the patients, which enables us to make a non-selected comparison of the diagnostic efficiency of the various tests. Diagnostic dilemmas in patients with normal hearing, anakusis, normal auditory brainstem recordings, normal vestibular function and normal tomography of the internal acoustic meatus are discussed. In patients with hearing better than 80 dB, a normal ABR, the presence of recruitment and a normal caloric reaction can exclude the presence of a tumour, making tomography superfluous. In patients with poor hearing, the need for tomography is imperative. We perform CT if two procedures among the following produce tumour-positive results: ABR, recruitment tests, caloric test, and tomography. Those who have only one tumour-positive finding at the screening are re-examined after one year. If, even with contrast enhancement, CT proves negative, we continue to perform air CT. Only then do we know for sure whether the patient has a tumour or not. An advantage with using many tests for the same physiological function is that they complement each other, though, on the other hand this often adds to the confusion. With fewer tests, the confusion is reduced, but the requirements regarding technical quality must be very stringent. ABR, the Metz recruitment test and tomography are purely objective, while the caloric test is subjective on the part of the investigator. The Hallpike procedure, however, has stood the test of time in separating pathologic from normal. PMID- 3218488 TI - Translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma surgery as performed by the otoneurosurgical group at Lund University Hospital. AB - The Lund otoneurosurgical group has operated 97 out of 118 pontine angle tumours using the translabyrinthine approach originally described by House. The pre- and postoperative evaluation of these 97 patients is described. The traditional classification of acoustic neuromas, the results of the reported surgery and complications are discussed. PMID- 3218489 TI - Audiovestibular tests in the diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumours. AB - Symptoms and signs were recorded in a series of 78 patients with a cerebello pontine-angle (CPA) tumour and in 92 patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of such a lesion but with a negative CT scan. Variable symptomatology was found in the tumour cases. A substantial proportion of the patients had experienced sudden phenomena such as rotatory vertigo and/or sudden hearing loss. A CPA tumour must therefore be considered in almost every case of unilateral auditory or vestibular disturbances. Unfortunately, conventional audiovestibular tests have a low sensitivity of around 50%, with the exception of stapedial reflex threshold elevation (89%). The specificity on the other hand is quite low for this test, whereas other test results, like a genuinely pathological stapedial reflex decay, carry a high specificity of 60%. However, brainstem response audiometry (BRA) exhibited a very high sensitivity (100%) coupled with a reasonable specificity (54%), making it a suitable single test for screening patients suspected of having a CPA tumour. A program for the diagnostic work-up is suggested. PMID- 3218490 TI - Acoustic neuroma surgery in northern Finland. AB - A series of 40 patients with acoustic neuromas were operated on using the suboccipital or the translabyrinthine approach. Some patients were operated on using both routes. The series extends back to 1977 and contain predominantly large tumours. There was no mortality in the translabyrinthine series of 14 patients. In the suboccipitally treated series of 29 patient, 3 were previously treated using translabyrinthine approach. In this series there was one death directly due to sequelae of neuroma extirpation and in another, additional causes were present. Preoperative facial pareses were frequent. There were several additional pareses in the translabyrinthine series and also several additional in the suboccipital series. Facial pareses were operated on by a plastic surgeon and they did not markedly detract from working capacity. Only 2 patients in the total series had small tumours and useful preoperative hearing. Cochlear function was preserved in them. PMID- 3218491 TI - Artifacts in electronystagmographic recordings. AB - Electronystagmography is an important part of the otoneurological investigation. It is mandatory that it is performed in an efficient way, avoiding the many pitfalls and sources of error that the method entails. High quality results crave that the patient is well informed and motivated, relaxed and not under the influence of tranquillizers, hypnotics or alcohol. The technician should be familiar with the equipment, in order to avoid mistakes concerning shielding, time constant and filtering. The most common errors, however, tend to appear in the patient-equipment contact, i.e. the electrodes. A thorough preparation of the skin and high quality Ag/AgCl electrodes and use of electrolyte paste are necessary. PMID- 3218492 TI - Vertical saccades and the "rider artifact". AB - Quantitative studies of vertical saccades are sparse, due to a lack of reliable recording techniques. In this study, electro-oculographic (EOG) and photo electronystagmographic (PENG) techniques showed that up-directed saccades were faster than down-directed ones. In the EOG recording, however, the velocity of the up-directed saccade was correlated to the size of an artifact caused by movement of the upper eye lid. Further investigations are needed to analyse the characteristics of vertical eye movements. PMID- 3218493 TI - Impaired hearing following instillation of hydrocortisone into the middle ear. Preliminary report from an animal study. AB - The effect of cortisone on the inner ear function was investigated. A suspension of 2% hydrocortisone in sterile water was instilled into the middle ear in the round window niche area of healthy rats. The hearing for eight frequencies was determined by auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements. After 5 days of daily local application, ABR thresholds impaired in the high-frequency range 12 to 31.5 kHz. The impaired ABR thresholds remained unchanged throughout 3 weeks of observation, indicating irreversible damage to the inner ear. It is also noteworthy that hydrocortisone delayed healing of the perforated tympanic membrane. PMID- 3218494 TI - [Evoked auditory responses in subjects with normal hearing]. AB - Evoked acoustic emissions is a new clinical method proposed for the exploration of the cochlea and also for infant screening. Eighty five normal hearing ears were screened by this technique. Clinical potential of this technique is discussed. PMID- 3218495 TI - [Velopharyngeal insufficiency. Anatomo-physiological aspects]. AB - Palatopharyngeal insufficiency is an important syndrome in Phoniatrics and speech pathology. The anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the velopharyngeal mechanism, as well as the nature of the speech and associated problems are described. The chemical diagnostic and instrumental evaluations are briefly enumerated. Major emphasis is placed on the radiographic assessment. A scheme with the etiological categories in both congenital and acquired palatopharyngeal insufficiency is presented. PMID- 3218496 TI - [Low-frequency jet ventilation in laryngoscopic surgery]. AB - The principle and technique of low frequency pre-glottic jet ventilation for direct laryngoscopy are outlined. A discussion on the advantages and contra indications in relation to other techniques concludes that low frequency pre glottic jet ventilation has in our experience become the first choice ventilating technique for direct laryngoscopy. PMID- 3218497 TI - [Optokinetic nystagmus and stimulated visual field. Neuro-otological significance]. AB - In order to study the optokinetic nystagmus of a patient with a possible neurological lesion, it is important to use a stimulating source capable of activating the fovea pursuit system and the peripheral retina system simultaneously. The best stimulating source is that which results in maximum gain and minimum variability of the response, especially if high apparent velocity is used, since in this condition, neither of the two systems is capable of ensuring maximal gain. A comparative study of three modes of stimulation shows that these objectives are attained by the panoramic projection of a familiar painting on which black vertical bands are drawn. PMID- 3218498 TI - Evoked muscular potentials in laryngeal muscles. AB - Neuromyography is the stimulation of a nerve with recording of the electrically induced muscle activity of the innervated muscle. Reflexmyography is the stimulation of an afferent nerve with recording of the reflex muscular response. In the case of the larynx, the superior laryngeal nerve is stimulated, and a muscle response is picked up in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. With the use of neuromyography and reflexmyography, it has become possible to test the complex polysynaptic reflex pathways of laryngeal innervation, and to obtain valuable information about the site and the degree of the nerve injury, as well as about the state of nerve regeneration. Further neurophysiological and clinical investigation in the field of supranuclear pathways of phonation seems very promising. PMID- 3218499 TI - [Lymphoma of the nasal sinus]. AB - Three cases of malignant lymphoma involving the nose and/or the sinusal cavities are reported and discussed. An overview of the literature is made and some facts of theoretical and practical interest are pointed out, about diagnostic classification, staging, prognosis and treatment. PMID- 3218500 TI - [Evaluation of and trends in hearing surveillance programs in industry]. AB - The European Directive 86/188 gives, from 1990, to the workers the right to audiometric surveillance as soon as their personal daily exposure level reaches 85 dB(A). This requirement might lead to a significant increase in the number of audiometric examinations performed in industry. In this prospect, the objective of the present study is to define the criteria for "hearing conservation programs", as opposed to "deafness screening programs". The present situation is then compared to this model in order to determine the actions that have to be taken in preparation for 1990. PMID- 3218501 TI - [Surgical aspects in thyroid carcinoma. Retrospective studies of 216 patients operated on between 1971 and 1986]. AB - A retrospective review of 216 patients with thyroid cancer was made. In 56.0% of the cases a total thyroidectomy was performed immediately. 29.2% of the patients were first treated with partial surgery, but afterwards they had a reintervention to totalize the thyroidectomy. In the presence of lymph nodes a functional or radical neck dissection was done. The most important post-operative complications included permanent vocal cord paralysis (5.1%) and paresis (1.9%), and hypoparathyroidism (7.8%). PMID- 3218502 TI - [Unusual use of myocutaneous pedicled grafts in cervico-facial cancer]. AB - The principle, the technique and the usual uses of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps in head and neck oncology are called again. Three examples of unusual use are described: reconstruction of the tongue after total glossectomy with preservation of the larynx, mediastinal tracheostomy, pharyngo-esophageal reconstruction with muscle flap alone after total laryngo pharyngectomy. PMID- 3218503 TI - Vascularised fasciocutaneous flap for reconstruction of the hypopharynx. AB - The hypopharyngeal mucosa is a thin, pliable lining, which often needs replacement after tumor excision, stenosis and fistulae. The pectoralis major flap (Ariyan and Krizek, 1977) has brought an element of safety and reliability to one-stage pharyngeal reconstruction. The major disadvantage of these flaps is their bulk (2). The vascularised fasciocutaneous flap (especially the radial forearm flap) is a good alternative to be used in pharyngeal repair. PMID- 3218504 TI - [Phrenic nerve paralysis complicating cervicofacial surgery]. AB - Radical neck dissection remains the keystone to lymph nodes control in modern Head and Neck Surgery. Like any major operation, it has inherent complications ranging from minor surgical complications such as wound infection to potentially life-threatening complications such as fistula or carotid rupture. We have observed two cases of surgical damage of the phrenic nerve following radical neck dissection. Transient or definitive phrenic nerve palsy after radical neck dissection has been previously reported. The physiopathology according to the age and the clinical implications of that rare complication are discussed. PMID- 3218505 TI - Influence of caloric and rotation testing upon blood pressure and pulse rate. AB - Vestibular stimulation is able to produce neurovegetative effects, which are disagreable and annoying. By an overflow of the vestibular stimulus to the neurovegetative centres changes in blood pressure and pulse rate are more frequently induced than are subjective neurovegetative symptoms as nausea, pallor etc. There is some correlation between both manifestations, but also some independency in occurrence. PMID- 3218506 TI - Experimental amyloidosis induced by saponin. AB - White male rabbits, weighing about 3 kg, were injected intravenously with 5 ml of 0.1% saponin solution dissolved in physiological saline once a week for six months. The sequential histological changes in the kidneys were observed by repeated biopsies and, in addition, the animals were subjected to necropsy for light and electron microscopic examinations. Amyloid protein was purified from the animal tissues, estimated at approximately 6,300 daltons in molecular weight by SDS-PAGE and considered as an AA type protein based on its amino acid sequence study. The antibody against the purified amyloid protein was produced in guinea pigs and was used for immunohistochemical studies. The deposition of amyloid started initially in mesangial matrices and subendothelial regions of the glomeruli, but at the end the spleen, kidney and bowels were found to be frequent sites of deposition. The amyloid deposited in the tissues was specifically positive by the indirect immunohistochemistry using the prepared antibody. This antibody also reacted positively to human materials with secondary amyloidosis. These results indicate that amyloidosis induced by saponin is a good model of secondary amyloidosis. PMID- 3218507 TI - Subacute neurotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil and its derivative, carmofur, in cats. AB - The subacute neurotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (FU) and its derivative, carmofur (HCFU), in cats was morphologically examined; both these drugs were orally administered once daily for a maximum of three months. The dosis of FU and HCFU was 2 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively. Both FU and HCFU induced two sorts of changes in the brain, i.e., vacuolation and softening-like change. The former was distributed in the white matter of the cerebrum and cerebellum and in areas of the gray matter such as the tectum and tegmentum of the brain stem, while the latter was distributed exclusively in the gray matter of the tectum and tegmentum of the brain stem. The tectum, especially the inferior colliculus, was most frequently affected by both types of change. Ultrastructurally, vacuolation was found to be due to lamellar splitting or separation between the axon and innermost myelin layer. These findings were compared with those in dogs and as the etiopathogenesis vacuolation due to direct toxic effect of FU or its metabolites to myelin and softening-like change due to local circulatory disturbance caused by vacuolation were proposed. PMID- 3218508 TI - The effects of ranitidine and cysteamine on intestinal metaplasia induced by X irradiation in rats. AB - The influence of ranitidine and cysteamine on intestinal metaplasia was examined in 7-month-old male Crj: CD (SD) rats. At the age of 5 weeks, the animals were treated with 10 Gy doses of X-rays at 3-day intervals up to a total of 20 Gy in the gastric region, and 6 months after irradiation, the rats received either ranitidine (0.02% in diet) or cysteamine (0.1% in drinking water) for 2 months. The incidence and number of intestinal metaplasia with alkaline phosphatase positive foci in rats given X-rays and cysteamine (group 4) were significantly low compared with those in rats given X-rays and ranitidine (group 3) (p less than 0.01). In both the pyloric and the fundic gland mucosae, the average numbers of type C metaplasia (intestinal crypts with Paneth cells) and total numbers of metaplastic foci in rats of group 3 were much higher than those in group 4 (P less than 0.05). The present results showed that the occurrence of intestinal metaplasia was significantly increased after administration of ranitidine and decreased by cysteamine. PMID- 3218509 TI - Disseminated necrotizing encephalopathy induced by methotrexate therapy alone. AB - This report describes the autopsy findings in a 62-year-old woman who died of pneumonia and disseminated necrotizing encephalopathy following intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) therapy for meningeal infiltration of lymphoma cells. Radiation therapy was not given. An interesting pathological finding was exudation of fibrin around the small vessels in the demyelinated foci, suggesting increased vascular permeability. This observation and analysis of previous reports of similar cases suggest that primary vascular injury, probably due to the direct effect of MTX, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MTX-related disseminated necrotizing encephalopathy. PMID- 3218510 TI - Histo- and immunopathological features of terminal AIDS. An autopsy case of a Japanese man with neurological signs as initial symptoms. AB - An autopsy case of a 37-year-old Japanese man, confirmed as an AIDS patient infected by an undetermined route of transmission, is presented. The initial symptoms of full-blown AIDS in this case were neurological, and the patient died of severe pneumonia 9 months after onset. The main histo- and immunopathological features were a marked depletion of helper-inducer T cells and dendritic reticulum cells in the lymphoid tissues, opportunistic infections, and some neuropathologic changes. Very few cells, possibly macrophages, immunoreactive with a monoclonal antibody (VAK-5) against HIV-gag protein P24 were found in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Numerous pathogens had induced opportunistic infections in many organs: severe and generalized cytomegalovirus infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, bronchopneumonia (possibly due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa), candidiasis in the tongue and oral cavity, and atypical mycobacteriosis in the pulmonic hilar lymph nodes. Vascular proliferation was found in the perinodal regions of some lymph nodes, but this was not neoplastic vascular proliferation compatible with that of localized Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 3218511 TI - Pseudolymphoma of the thyroid. AB - An unusual case of pseudolymphoma of the thyroid is reported. The tumor was histologically characterized by good demarcation, mature lymphocytes with prominent follicle formation and germinal centers, and mature plasma cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a similar distribution of T- and B-cells to reactive lymph nodes and a polyclonal nature of the plasma cell infiltrate. These findings are closely related to the entity, pseudolymphoma in other organs. Differential diagnosis from follicular lymphoma or ectopic thymic tissue is discussed. PMID- 3218513 TI - Schmorl's nodes. Correlation of X-ray and histological findings in postmortem specimens. AB - Histological examinations were conducted on specimens of 368 intervertebral discs (T11/12-L5/S1), using X-ray photography and discography. Specimens were obtained from 61 individuals (36 males and 25 females) whose ages ranged from 25 to 85 years. Fifty-four Schmorl's nodes were found in 28 of the patients (19 males and 9 females), and in 43 discs. In the peripheral regions of Schmorl's nodes, where the vertebral bodies were in contact with the node, growth of cartilaginous cells was seen in many cases. Thickened bone trabeculae were also seen in three nodes accompanied by syncytia. These three nodes were detectable by X-ray photography of all discs containing Schmorl's nodes, and 35 were subjected to discography. Among these discs, 10 showed a limited form of shadow and 25 showed a diffuse form, and Schmorl's nodes were detected in 11 that showed a diffuse form of shadow. It was possible to detect Schmorl's nodes when they were contiguous with a degenerated annulus fibrosus adjoining the nuclear cavity. Pathogenetically, the presence of Schmorl's nodes in patients of middle and advanced age is interpreted to be one of the symptoms of age-related changes in the cartilaginous plate. PMID- 3218512 TI - An autopsy case of primary angiosarcoma of the pericardium mimicking malignant mesothelioma. AB - The pathology of a rare case of primary diffuse angiosarcoma of the pericardium is reported. Grossly, the heart was entirely encased by the pericardial tumor, and the myocardium was only superficially invaded by the tumor. The tumor tissue extended directly to the mediastinum, where the great vessels were embedded in the tumor. A few minute distant metastases were found only in the bilateral lungs and pulmonary hilar lymph nodes. Microscopically, the tumor tissue was composed of malignant cells forming vascular channels admixed with solid areas. Histo- and immunohistochemically, no mesothelial characteristics were evident. Factor VIII related antigen and Ulex europaeus I lectin were positive, implying that the tumor was of vascular origin. Grossly, and in part microscopically, this case resembled malignant diffuse mesothelioma, indicating that pericardial angiosarcoma may sometimes mimick malignant mesothelioma. PMID- 3218514 TI - Pathological changes in the cartilaginous plates in relation to intervertebral disc lesions. AB - Three hundred sixty-eight intervertebral discs (T11/12-L5/S1) were obtained at autopsy from 61 individuals (36 male, 25 female) ranging from 25 to 85 years of age, and subsequently examined histopathologically as sagittal-sectioned specimens with special reference to the cartilaginous plates. The numbers of cartilaginous foci found in fissured and ruptured regions of the plates were found to increase with age, and were considered to represent a restoration mechanism. Measurement of the cartilaginous plate/intervertebral disc antero posterior length ratio showed a decrease with age in intervertebral discs from the same spinal level. Therefore, cartilage cell proliferation in the vertebral body rim was found following rupture of the outer layer of the annulus fibrosus and was thought to be one of the causes of spur formation in spondylosis deformans. When the changes in a cartilaginous plate with aging were accompanied by destructive processes of the vertebrae such as osteoporosis or metastatic cancer, an increase in the height of the disc, or ballooning, developed. On the other hand, when degeneration of the intervertebral disc increased and the nucleus pulposus collapsed, the height of the disc decreased. Thus, although the cartilaginous plate exhibits a restoration mechanism, degeneration with age progresses, resulting in various disc lesions. PMID- 3218515 TI - Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa of the liver. AB - A study of lymphangiosis carcinomatosa of the liver was performed. Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa is a disease showing diffuse lymphangitic spread of cancer cells in the interstitium of the organ. Among a total of 762 cases of malignant disease, lymphangiosis carcinomatosa of the liver was found in 10 cases out of 250 with liver metastases. Among a total of 10 cases of primary cancer showing this condition, 8 were gastric cancer, the other 2 being pancreas cancer and gallbladder cancer. With regard to the histological type of primary cancer in this disease, all cases were poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. On the basis of the histological findings, the spread of this disease seems to occur in a retrograde manner from the large lymphatics of the hilum to the periphery. PMID- 3218516 TI - Intranuclear inclusion bodies in liver of chronic hepatitis B with delta infection. AB - Seventy-two patients with HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis were studied for serum antibody to delta antigen (anti-HD) by radioimmunoassay. Delta antigen (HDAg) in liver of the 72 patients was also studied immunohistochemically using peroxidase labeled anti-HD. In one of the 72 patients, high titers of anti-HD and intrahepatic HDAg were detected. In this patient, HDAg was localized mainly in nuclei and occasionally in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. By immunoelectron microscopy, HDAg was observed diffusely in some hepatocytic nuclei, but their nucleoli, perichromatin and heterochromatin were devoid of HDAg. Occasionally, inclusion body-like ring-shaped or irregularly shaped aggregates of HDAg were observed in nuclei. At higher magnification, these aggregates consisted of an HDAg-positive amorphous substance and microtubular structures. In their vicinity, scattered HDAg-positive granules were also present. By conventional electron microscopy, similar inclusion bodies composed of a clustered amorphous substance and microtubular structures 10-20 nm in diameter, together with 20-30 nm irregular granules were observed in hepatocyte nuclei, but no core of Dane particles were found. These novel intranuclear structures were not observed in other patients with chronic hepatitis B. It is suggested that they may represent the characteristic ultrastructure associated with delta infection. PMID- 3218517 TI - Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Report of an autopsy case in a nonasthmatic patient. AB - A 54-year-old nonasthmatic man was found to have allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (AGA) (Churg-Strauss syndrome) with pulmonary lesions suggestive of diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) at autopsy. The patient, with initial symptoms of cough and sputum, developed progressive dyspnea, eosinophilia, emaciation, fever, mononeuritis multiplex and myocardial infarction. The hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and DPB were suspected clinically. Corticosteroid therapy was not given at any time during the course. Autopsy revealed necrotizing, granulomatous angiitis affecting medium-sized arteries in many organs, extravascular granulomas in the interstitium of the heart and tissue infiltration by eosinophils. The heart showed widespread myocardial fibrosis and small foci of muscle fiber coagulation necrosis, which seemed to be the cause of death. In the lungs, the walls of respiratory bronchioles showed marked thickening with lymphocytic infiltration, lymph follicle formation and fibrosis. Accumulation of xanthoma cells was also observed. On the basis of the findings of clinical and pathological examinations, the patient was considered to have had DPB before the development of AGA. PMID- 3218518 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma with bone marrow metastasis simulating acute leukemia. Report of two cases. AB - Rhabdomyosarcoma manifested as a systemic disease is very rare and cases showing diffuse metastasis in the bone marrow are most unusual. Recently we encountered two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma with diffuse bone marrow metastasis which were clinically manifested as acute leukemia. The first patient was a 15-year-old female, who was admitted in 1982 with pancytopenia and many large primitive cells in bone marrow aspirates, hematological malignancy being diagnosed. Thereafter the bilateral breasts showed rapid swelling and a biopsy specimen revealed the histological features of typical alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The primary site of the neoplasm remained undetermined during the course. At autopsy, it was disclosed that the neoplasm originated from the left thigh and showed generalized metastasis. The second patient was a 38-year-old man, who was admitted in 1986 because of a nasal polyp obstructing the nasal cavity, and persistent nasal bleeding. Peripheral blood samples showed leukoerythroblastosis and thrombocytopenia, and large primitive cells were found in bone marrow aspirates, so that hematological malignancy was initially diagnosed. A biopsy specimen of the nasal polyp showed proliferation of large round cells and electron microscopy demonstrated the ultrastructural features of rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 3218520 TI - [Effects of eight antiepileptic drugs on coriariae and electric induced convulsion and impairment of learning and memory in mice]. PMID- 3218519 TI - [Linear system analysis and physiological model in estimating disposition kinetics of sophocarpine in rats]. PMID- 3218521 TI - [Studies on antibacterial constituents of Gerbera anandria (L.) Sch.-Bip.: the metabolite of gerberinside and related compounds by human intestinal bacteria in vitro]. PMID- 3218522 TI - [Studies on the alkaloids of Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trev]. PMID- 3218523 TI - [Prediction of optimum mobile phase composition for thin layer chromatography]. PMID- 3218524 TI - [Comparison of several methods for determination of nitrendipine]. PMID- 3218525 TI - [Study on the rule of discoloration and prediction of shelf-life of streptomycin sulfate injection]. PMID- 3218526 TI - [Studies on methods of measurement of percentage of drug entrapped in intravenous injection of polyphase liposome (139) in the form of suspension]. PMID- 3218527 TI - [A novel synthesis of Tanshinone IIA--an active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge]. PMID- 3218528 TI - [Studies on triterpenoids of Huperzia serrata Thunb]. PMID- 3218529 TI - [Facilitated performance of learning and memory in rats by 3-n-butyl phthalide]. PMID- 3218530 TI - [Protective action of ginseng root saponins on hypobaric hypoxic animals]. PMID- 3218531 TI - [Anti-inflammatory effects of fulvotomentosasides]. PMID- 3218532 TI - [Facilitatory effect of trifluoperazine on adrenergic transmitter release from rat portal vein]. PMID- 3218533 TI - [Negative chronotropic and inotropic effects of Panax notoginseng saponins]. PMID- 3218534 TI - [Effects of propranolol and tetrandrine in combination on epinephrine-induced arrhythmias in rabbits]. PMID- 3218535 TI - [Effects of copper chloride on the slow response action potential and oscillatory afterpotential induced by ouabain]. PMID- 3218536 TI - [Electrophysiologic effect of magnesium sulphate on arrhythmias]. PMID- 3218537 TI - [Cardiovascular action of m-nisoldipine in anaesthetized rabbits and guinea pigs]. PMID- 3218538 TI - [Sodium ferulate is an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase]. PMID- 3218539 TI - [Effects of oxyfedrine on platelet thromboxane A2 and aorta prostacyclins formations]. PMID- 3218540 TI - [Comparison of early pregnancy-terminating effect and toxicity between pseudolaric acids A and B]. PMID- 3218541 TI - [Histological alterations and drug concentrations in endocysts and cyst fluid of hydatid cyst harboring in mice treated with praziquantel]. PMID- 3218542 TI - [Effect of oridonin on cell-free DNA synthesis in vitro]. PMID- 3218545 TI - Factors influencing the release rate of salicylic acid from hydrocarbon bases. PMID- 3218544 TI - [Study on antidotes of homoharringtonine]. PMID- 3218543 TI - [Effects of pokeweed antiviral protein on nephrotoxic serum nephritis accelerated by rabbit IgG in mice]. PMID- 3218547 TI - Hydrolysis of indomethacin in Pluronic F-127 gels. PMID- 3218546 TI - Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of substituted (2,6 dichlorobenzylideneamino) guanidines and some hydrazone derivatives of C cyanoformamidrazone. PMID- 3218548 TI - The Scheele memorial lecture 1987. Striving for selectivity in pharmaceutical analysis; is chromatography becoming obsolete? PMID- 3218549 TI - Response competition and condition competition in visual selective attention. PMID- 3218550 TI - Factors affecting the extension of peritumoural brain oedema. A CT-study. AB - In human brain tumours the extension of peritumoural brain oedema may vary considerably. 37 brain tumours of various pathology and 2 abscesses were examined to identify the factors and mechanisms responsible for the oedema spreading. Peritumoural oedema profiles were determined towards the white matter and ventricle by measuring the CT-numbers of consecutive tissue blocks of 3.0-3.6 mm from the tumour to the normal white matter or the ventricle. It was found that neither the size of the tumour nor the histology has a close relationship to the amount of peritumoural oedema. The distance of oedema spreading rather is determined by the amount of fluid accumulation in the white matter immediately bordering the tumour. This relationship corresponds to a semilogarithmic function and represents the relation between the tumour-adjacent accumulation of extracellular fluid volume and the distance of extracellular fluid movement. The analysis of this relation leads to the suggestion that pressure gradients and bulk flow are involved in the development of human peritumoural oedema. PMID- 3218551 TI - Tissue elastance and fluid conduction in normotensive and hypertensive intracerebral mass haematomas. AB - This is an investigation into the prognostic factors of 117 patients with spontaneous normo- and hypertensive intracerebral haematomas, supported by animal experiments. Preserved tissue elastance and fluid conduction enables the drainage of intrinsic haematoma serum into the CSF spaces in normotensive patients, who showed an increased extension of a perifocal hypodensity in the CT. Arterial hypertension decreased the possibility of fluid resolution. Our experimental studies showed that in hypertensive cases the serum remained trapped in the haematoma, which explains the small hypodense area around the haematoma in most of the hypertensive cases. If as an exception in hypertensives of perifocal hypodensity develops then it acts as additional space-occupying factor. Corresponding observations were made in hypertensive animals which showed a reduced serum movement out of the haematoma, but an increased Evans-Blue content in the perifocal tissue. Both pathological mechanisms explain the poorer prognosis in patients with intracerebral haematomas associated with high arterial blood pressure. PMID- 3218552 TI - The recurrence of supratentorial meningiomas after surgery. AB - A series of 113 consecutive patients underwent surgical treatment for a supratentorial meningioma between January 1955 and January 1975. There were 73 women and 40 men. There were 10 postoperative deaths (8.8%). The surgical procedure was graded according to Simpson's classification. 18 patients had a recurrence (17.5%). Women had a preponderance for recurrence. In our series the recurrence rate was 13 for women (17.8%) and 5 for men (12.5%). There was no correlation with the age of the patient or site of the tumour. The grade of initial surgery and the histology of the tumour were shown to be important. PMID- 3218553 TI - Prognosis of the posttraumatic vegetative state. AB - Of 1373 patients who, following severe brain injury had been comatose for over 6 hours, 140 (10%) were in a vegetative state one month later. Fifty-nine regained consciousness but none of those aged over 40 became independent during the first year. Of those still in a vegetative state after 3 months, none became independent irrespective of age. Of all patients comatose for over 6 hours after severe brain injury, only 1% was in a vegetative state after one year. Certain scores for features such as age, pupillary reactions, eye-opening and eye movements indicate either a favourable prognosis, a fatal outcome or irreversible coma. It is only in some 10% of all patients in coma or in a vegetative state during the first two weeks after the accident that it is possible to predict with a high degree of probability (p greater than 0.95), an unfavourable outcome (death or irreversible coma) within one year. At no time after the onset of coma is it possible to predict or distinguish, with a fair degree of probability (e.g. p greater than 0.80), those patients who will remain in a vegetative state from those who will die. PMID- 3218554 TI - Gas gangrene occurring soon after compound depressed skull fracture. AB - Two cases of Clostridium perfringens infection occurring less than 24 hours after compound depressed skull fracture are reported. The infection was principally intracranial in the first and extracranial in the second; both required surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment. Attention is drawn to the rapidity with which a potentially life-threatening infection can develop in civilian head injury and to the implications for acute management of patients with compound depressed fractures. PMID- 3218555 TI - The combined supra-infratentorial pre-sigmoid sinus avenue to the petro-clival region. Surgical technique and clinical applications. AB - Nine patients with tumours located at the petro-clival region were operated upon from June 1985 to June 1988 using a combined supra- and infratentorial approach anterior to the sigmoid sinus. Two patients had petroclival meningiomas. 4 foramen jugulare neurinomas and 3 glomus jugulare tumours. There was no mortality. Total tumour removal was accomplished in all the patients. All patients remained independent postoperatively. The surgical approach used involves a temporal craniotomy, a suboccipital craniectomy, an extensive mastoidectomy and petrous pyramid drilling without entering the bony labyrinth, the middle ear or the Fallopian canal. The dura is incised supratentorially over the posterior temporal lobe and infratentorially in front of the sigmoid sinus. The temporal lobe is retracted superiorly and the cerebellum and the sigmoid sinus medially. This approach makes use of a very short distance to the petroclival area, offers a multiangled exposure, preserves the dural sinuses, does not iatrogenically impair hearing and minimizes temporal lobe retraction. This exposure is particularly useful in large tumours. PMID- 3218556 TI - The effects of acute proximal basilar artery occlusion on the primate cerebral circulation. AB - The effects of acute proximal basilar artery occlusion on blood flow, autoregulation and CO2 reactivity in four separate regions of the brain (cerebral cortex, thalamus, brainstem and caudal pons) were studied and compared in 30 anaesthetised baboons. Significant flow changes were seen in all areas of the basilar territory, even in instances where the posterior communicating artery was observed to be relatively large. Flow changes were also seen in regions of the brain remote from the basilar territory. Areas furthest from the collateral blood supply showed the largest changes in blood flow, as has previously been shown in the case of proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion. From this, one can predict that in surgery, the more rostral the occlusion of the artery, the safer the procedure should be. At normal blood pressure, while the collateral circulation to the brainstem and thalamus was adequate to maintain normal electrical function after basilar occlusion, the flow was totally inadequate to maintain autoregulation or CO2 reactivity in the basilar territory. PMID- 3218557 TI - Analysis of the dynamics of experimental epidural bleeding in swine. AB - The effects on epidural bleeding of two major factors were studied in a swine model. These were detachment of the dura from the skull and an epidural arteriovenous shunt. Firstly the effect of differing degrees of detachment of dura was studied in the absence of a shunt. Secondly the effect of the shunt was examined with a constant degree of dural detachment. Increasing the degree of the detachment of the dural from the skull increased the rate and volume of bleeding. In addition the greater the degree of dural detachment from the skull the easier it was for further dura stripping to take place. The shunt reduced the epidural pressure and increased the bleeding pressure. Sometimes it reduced the force which, acting on the dura would strip more dura free, but never enough to preclude further dura stripping. Larger shunts were associated with a longer bleeding duration. It is concluded that the effects of dura detachment and the epidural shunt acting in concert can explain the delayed expansion of an epidural haematoma and are consistent with the known variability of clinical epidural haematomas. PMID- 3218558 TI - Nigral influence on intestinal activity in the cat. PMID- 3218559 TI - Primary midbrain hemorrhage with upbeat nystagmus. PMID- 3218560 TI - Recent clinical observations on dialytic encephalopathy. PMID- 3218561 TI - Sympathetic skin response in chronic renal failure. PMID- 3218562 TI - Analysis of reading in a case of deep dyslexia. PMID- 3218563 TI - Subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma. A case report. PMID- 3218564 TI - [Problems in the integration of social and biological psychiatry into a university setting. II. Indicators, theories and models]. PMID- 3218565 TI - [Alcoholics hospitalized in the psychiatric unit of a general hospital: 10 years' experience]. PMID- 3218566 TI - [Description of the water intoxication syndrome in psychiatric patients]. PMID- 3218567 TI - [The family of the depressed patient]. PMID- 3218568 TI - [Overburdening and the mental health of the families of functional psychotics]. PMID- 3218569 TI - [S-Adenosyl-L-methionine. Latest results on its efficacy as an antidepressive agent]. PMID- 3218570 TI - [Treatment of alcoholism: factors indicating poor prognosis (II)]. PMID- 3218571 TI - [Clinical prospective study of 11 epileptic pregnant women]. PMID- 3218572 TI - [Suicide in Spain. Mortality according to geographic distribution]. PMID- 3218573 TI - [Space and time in the intensive care unit. (Study of psychiatric problems which are seen in the ICU]. PMID- 3218574 TI - [Psychiatric emergencies: sociodemographic and care aspects (comparative analysis with a previous study)]. PMID- 3218575 TI - [Alcohol-related problems. Results of a population survey in the province of Seville]. PMID- 3218577 TI - [Test using dexamethasone suppression of cortisol secretion in obsessive patients]. PMID- 3218576 TI - [Rehabilitation of schizophrenics by computerized technics using the LOGO language]. PMID- 3218578 TI - [Hemostatic changes in prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 3218579 TI - [Directed chemotherapy in superficial carcinoma conditioned by the knowledge of relapse factors]. PMID- 3218580 TI - [Vasectomy through a single scrotal incision. Review of 500 cases. Technical note]. PMID- 3218581 TI - [Upper urothelial tumors. Retrospective study]. PMID- 3218582 TI - [Inverted papilloma of the bladder. Apropos of 6 cases]. PMID- 3218583 TI - [Spermatic cord torsion: morphologic and functional study, with special reference to the Leydig cells]. PMID- 3218584 TI - [Infiltrating bladder tumors (P2-P3): therapeutic protocol. Prognostic factors. Analysis of our series]. PMID- 3218585 TI - [Penoscrotal gangrene]. PMID- 3218586 TI - [Verrucous carcinoma of the penis. Case report]. PMID- 3218587 TI - [Adrenal pseudocyst. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3218588 TI - [Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. Presentation of a case and discussion of the biology of these neoplasms]. PMID- 3218589 TI - [Vesical hemangioma]. PMID- 3218590 TI - [Perinephritic abscess due to salmonella: percutaneous drainage]. PMID- 3218592 TI - Nerve fibers and inflammation. Proceedings of a symposium. Erlangen, FRG, March 13-16, 1988. PMID- 3218591 TI - [Rosai-Dorfman disease: an unusual cause of secondary ureterohydronephrosis]. PMID- 3218593 TI - Histological and neurophysiological changes induced by carrageenan in skeletal muscle of cat and rat. AB - Infiltration of the rat gastrocnemius-soleus (GS) muscle with carrageenan induced a myositis which was characterized histologically by an accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes around capillaries and small arterioles. In chloralose-anaesthetized cats having an inflamed GS-muscle, the discharge behaviour of single muscle receptors with group III and IV afferent fibres was recorded. Concerning background activity, only group III receptors showed a significant increase, whereas a significant lowering in mechanical threshold was present only among group IV receptors. Both high- and low-threshold mechanosensitive receptors showed signs of a sensitization. In contrast to group IV receptors in the cat, rat group IV receptors showed a significantly higher level of background activity in inflamed muscle but no increased responsiveness to mechanical stimuli. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) influenced only some of the receptors in the inflamed tissue. Leukotriene D4 did not act as a sensitizing substance but depressed the activity of group IV muscle receptors. PMID- 3218595 TI - A novel type of unmyelinated chemosensitive nociceptor in the acutely inflamed urinary bladder. AB - Single primary afferents supplying the cat urinary bladder were electrophysiologically recorded in the sacral dorsal roots. Under normal conditions, afferents were not spontaneously active when the bladder was empty and innocuous increases of intravesical pressure excited mainly thin myelinated, low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Less than 2.5% of all unmyelinated visceral afferents responded to a mechanical stimulus, but all had high, presumably noxious thresholds. During an acute inflammation induced with intravesical injections of 2.5% mustard oil or 50-100% turpentine oil both populations developed resting activity and changed their mechanosensitive properties. Out of the many unmyelinated afferents without appreciable mechanosensitivity, an entirely new subpopulation was activated by chemical irritants during an acute inflammation. Subsequently, some of these chemosensitive receptors started to display new mechanosensitive properties. This novel population of sensory neurones may contribute considerably to the pathogenesis of visceral pain states including reflex disturbances of bladder motility. PMID- 3218594 TI - A study of 5-HT-receptors associated with afferent nerves located in normal and inflamed rat ankle joints. AB - Neural recordings were made from sensory fibres in a nerve supplying the ankle joint in normal rats and in rats with a novel monoarticular arthritis. The responses of mechanically and chemically sensitive units to intra-arterial injections of 5-HT were measured. In most cases the mechanosensitivity of sensory receptors in the ankle joint was not altered by 5-HT. However, 5-HT produced an increase in afferent activity in units which were identified as C-fibres on the basis of action potential amplitude and duration. The receptive fields of these chemosensitive units were not located. The responses of these units to 5-HT were dose dependent and were abolished by the 5-HT2-antogonist, ketanserin, but not by the 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, MDL 72222. The responses of chemosensitive units to injections of 5-HT were similar in normal and arthritic rats although the response was slightly prolonged in arthritic animals. PMID- 3218596 TI - Effects of capsaicin on articular afferents of the cat's knee joint. AB - This study on the effects of capsaicin on primary afferents from normal knee joints of the cat was performed to further elucidate the mechanisms of articular pain evoked by an acute arthritis and by chemical irritants. It showed that close i.a. bolus injection of capsaicin (10(-7)-10(-4) M) excites most fine articular afferents (conduction velocity less than or equal to 11.3 m/s) whereas fast units are not excited. Fine afferents with low to medium thresholds to knee joint movement are less readily excited by capsaicin than high threshold ones. The response to capsaicin is usually a rapid burst of impulses of a very short latency. This response pattern differs considerably from that seen after application of endogenous substances produced in inflammation. Thus capsaicin seems to differ in its mode of action from that of endogenous algesic substances. PMID- 3218597 TI - Morphological characteristics of the innervation of the cat's knee joint. AB - The peripheral and central terminals of primary afferents of the cat's knee joint were studied with light- and electron microscopy (including HRP-transport methods). The majority of these afferent fibres are unmyelinated or thinly myelinated. In the periphery, they terminate in non-corpuscular endings. A dense network of branching nerve fibres surround the blood vessels to terminate at the vessel walls or in the adjacent dense collagenous tissue. Besides the terminals the fibres show preterminal bulges which are assumed to represent additional transduction sites. This implies that the whole distal fibre portion has a receptive function. The spinal projection is located in lamina I and V-VII of the dorsal horn. This location parallels that of muscular and visceral fibres, pointing to the possibility of a common projection pattern for deep somatic afferent fibres in the spinal cord of the cat. PMID- 3218598 TI - Neurogenic inflammation in the skin of the rabbit. AB - A flare-like spread of vasodilatation can be demonstrated in the limb skin of the anaesthetised rabbit using laser doppler flowmetry. Spread of dilatation from a small mechanical injury (nicking the skin) extends 5-10 mm. The size and time course of the dilatation are as expected from the low frequency C-nociceptor firing that occurs in response to similar nearby injury. Since C-nociceptors cause significant vasodilator responses at frequencies less than 1 Hz, it is proposed that they may often have a pro-inflammatory action without producing any reflex or sensory effects. PMID- 3218599 TI - Neuronal and behavioural consequences of chemical inflammation of rat urinary bladder. AB - Exposure of the urinary bladder of rats to chemical irritants such as turpentine produces a long lasting inflammatory response. Chemosensitive primary afferent fibres supplying the bladder are excited by the irritants. Dorsal horn cells in L6, S1 are also excited, and show slowly developing and persistent increases in ongoing activity, responses to electrical stimulation of vesical afferents and distension of the bladder. These changes may provide an explanation for the sensory and reflex disturbances that occur in cystitis in man. PMID- 3218600 TI - Peripheral and spinal components of the sensitization of spinal neurons during an acute experimental arthritis. AB - In cats the injections of kaolin and carrageenan into the knee joint lead to an acute arthritis which develops within 1-3 hours. In parallel articular afferents (low, high threshold and unresponsive ones) are becoming (more) sensitive to movements in the working range of the joint and many show (enhanced) ongoing discharges. Consequently spinal nociceptive-specific and wide dynamic range neurons with afferent input from the inflamed knee develop (increased) responsiveness to gentle stimulation of the joint. But in addition most of these neurons display enhanced reactions to non-inflamed parts of their receptive fields, too, and some neurons show enlargement of their total receptive fields. These latter findings indicate that the sensitization of spinal neurons is not simply reflecting the increased afferent input from the inflamed knee but that intrinsic spinal mechanisms may participate in the sensitization process. PMID- 3218602 TI - Inflammatory and antiinflammatory effects of antidromic stimulation of dorsal roots in the rat. AB - Unilateral antidromic stimulation of the rat's lumbar dorsal roots evoked plasma extravasation in the skin of the corresponding hindpaw. Identical antidromic stimulation of the contralateral dorsal roots 4-5 minutes prior to the stimulation inhibited this response by 49%. No inhibition occurred when time interval between the stimulations was 60 minutes. It is concluded that not only inflammatory, but antiinflammatory mediators are released in response to activation of the peripheral endings of primary afferent neurons. PMID- 3218601 TI - Changes in dental blood flow following electrical tooth pulp stimulation- influences of capsaicin and guanethidine. AB - The responses of rat incisors microcirculation to electrical pulp stimulation was examined. A fast initial decrease was followed by a long lasting increase in blood flow due to activation of sympathetic efferents and nociceptive afferents, respectively. Both constituents of the response could be abolished differentially by the use of guanethidine (sympathectomy) and capsaicin (C-deafferentiation), respectively. The results point to a role of both C-efferents and peptidergic C afferents in the control of tooth pulp circulation. PMID- 3218603 TI - Afferent innervation of the guinea-pig's ureter. AB - The electrical activity of 41 mechanosensitive afferent units was recored using an in vitro preparation of the guinea-pig's ureter. The conduction velocities of these fibres were found to be in the C-fibre range. Only 4 of them responded to contractions of the ureter. The activation threshold of the units to intraluminal (i.l.) pressure varied between 3 and 50 mm Hg. It is concluded that some of these afferent fibres might be involved in the signalling of nociceptive events. PMID- 3218604 TI - Lack of sensitization of primary afferent receptors by prostaglandins in a rat model of causalgic chronic pains. AB - Unilateral entrapment of half of the sciatic nerve in a ligature rapidly produces in rats bilateral hyperalgesia: decreased withdrawal thresholds to von-Frey hair touch and to noxious CO2 laser heat pulses and unilateral hyperpathic responses to a supra-maximal noxious heat pulse. These abnormal pain responses last many months and are very similar to those seen in humans with causalgia. In the present study we determined whether the underlying mechanism involves bilateral sensitization of primary afferent receptors. Since the responses of rats with partial sciatic injury to stimulation of rostral areas (forepaws, muzzle and auricles) were normal, we presume that the hyperalgesia at the contralateral hindpaw could not be due to receptor sensitization, but to rapid central plasticity. Moreover, since indomethacin did not prevent the bilateral hyperalgesia, we conclude that the causalgiform pain disorders seen in the ipsilateral hindpaw did not derive from receptors sensitized by prostaglandins. PMID- 3218605 TI - Studies of normal and expansive cutaneous innervation territories of intact and regenerating C-fibres in the hindlimb of the rat. AB - Two sets of experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the unmyelinated (C) fibre innervation of the hindlimb of rats. In the first experiment the normal innervation territory of the various nerves to the skin in the hindfoot was examined by plasma extravasation of Evans blue after antidromic nerve stimulation. Considerable overlap was found in the territories of nerves on the dorsum of the toes and just proximal to the toes. In the second experiment the capacity of C-fibres in the saphenous nerve for growth into deafferented skin was examined. In rats in which the sciatic nerve was previously sectioned, the innervation territory of the intact saphenous nerve expanded slightly into that of the sciatic in about 20% of the cases by "collateral sprouting". When the sciatic nerve section was combined with ipsilateral saphenous nerve crush, the regenerating C-fibres in the saphenous nerve innervated the sciatic territory in almost 100% of cases, a process we termed "expansive regenerative reinnervation". We conclude that the existence of overlapping C-fibre innervation territories need to be considered in studies of "collateral sprouting". However, regenerating C-fibres can innervate foreign deafferented skin. PMID- 3218606 TI - Histamine and Nt-methylhistamine in the circulation during intravenous infusion of histamine in normal volunteers. AB - Plasma levels of histamine and Nt-methylhistamine were measured simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography during the intravenous infusion of histamine acid phosphate in six normal volunteers. Progressive, dose-related increases in plasma histamine were noted, reaching a maximum value of 3.1 +/- 0.14 ng ml-1 corresponding to a maximum infusion rate of 180 ng kg-1 min-1 (means +/- SEM). Increases in plasma histamine were accompanied by a significant dose related fall in mean diastolic blood pressure (baseline 74.0 +/- 4.4 mm Hg falling to 60.0 +/- 3.3 mm Hg at maximum infusion rate, p less than 0.001) and an increase in pulse rate (baseline 76.3 +/- 2.8 beats min-1 rising to 89.24 beats min-1 at maximum infusion rate, p less than 0.05). All subjects exhibited facial flushing, the threshold plasma histamine level for this effect being 1.3 +/- 0.15 ng ml-1 corresponding to an infusion rate of 60 ng kg-1 min-1. Elevation of plasma Nt-methylhistamine was seen in only one subject, who exhibited a level of 0.5 ng ml-1 at the highest infusion rate. These results suggest that measurements of plasma Nt-methylhistamine are unlikely to provide a useful index of histamine release into the circulation. PMID- 3218607 TI - Histamine distribution in the gastrointestinal wall of germ free and conventional chicken: evidence of the role of the digestive microflora. AB - The digestive microflora produces a decrease of the mucosal histamine content in the wall of the chicken colon but has no significant incidence in the upper part of the digestive tract. The anatomical and physiological particularities of the chicken digestive tract permitted to observe that wall histamine concentration depends on different factors. Endogenous factors control the wall histamine content in the proventriculus, independantly of the diet and/or of the presence of a microflora. Diet has a specific incidence upon the gastrointestinal wall of the host in the crop and in the colon. The colon microflora decreases the effect of the diet essentially when the chicken are fed a semi synthetic diet. Interactions between the diet and the microflora could induce physiopathological manifestations. PMID- 3218608 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias parallel cardiac histamine efflux after coronary artery occlusion in the dog. AB - Release of cardiac histamine by immunologic and pharmacologic stimuli is known to provoke ventricular arrhythmias. Augmented histamine efflux from ischemic myocardium has been proposed but remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cardiac histamine efflux is precipitated by coronary artery occlusion and if so, whether histamine efflux is associated with the development of early ischemic ventricular arrhythmias. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded while recording a continuous electrocardiogram and coronary sinus blood was sampled frequently during the first 30 min of coronary artery occlusion in pentobarbital-anesthetized, open chest dogs. Coronary sinus histamine concentration rose from a mean baseline of 0.06 +/- 0.10 ng/ml (+/- SD) before coronary artery occlusion to a mean peak of 0.61 +/- 0.40 ng/ml after coronary artery occlusion (p less than 0.0001; n = 14). The median peak coronary sinus histamine concentration was significantly greater in dogs that suffered ventricular fibrillation after coronary artery occlusion (n = 4) than in those that did not (n = 10) (0.86 ng/ml vs. 0.37 ng/ml; p = 0.05). The area under the coronary sinus histamine concentration-vs.-time curve ("total cardiac histamine efflux") correlated directly with the total number of ventricular premature contractions during the first 30 min after coronary artery occlusion (r = 0.81; p less than 0.005; n = 10), and with infarct size (r = 0.91; p less than 0.01; n = 6). Thus, during acute myocardial ischemia, the coronary sinus histamine concentration increases simultaneously with the development of early ischemic ventricular arrhythmias and in proportion to their severity. PMID- 3218609 TI - D-penicillamine metabolism in an in-vivo model of inflamed synovium. AB - Oxidation to disulphides is the chief metabolic transformation of D-penicillamine (D-pen) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Oxidation also occurs in many biological fluids in-vitro. Reduction of oxygen species may accompany the oxidation of D-pen under appropriate conditions and may mediate the anti rheumatic action of D-pen. The transformation of D-pen therefore was examined in an in-vivo model of inflamed synovium. Subcutaneous air-pouches of groups of rats were treated with saline, 10% serum or 10% zymosan activated serum (ZAS). The transformation of D-pen to low molecular weight (LMW) metabolites and protein conjugates within the pouch was then assessed. The concentrations of total protein were significantly higher in the serum and ZAS-treated groups than in the saline-treated group and the inflammatory cell counts were significantly higher in the ZAS-treated group than in either of the other groups, as expected. D-pen oxidised rapidly to LMW metabolites and smaller amounts of D-pen-protein conjugate (D-pen-protein) in the air pouches of all animals. The rates of oxidation to LMW metabolites were greater in the ZAS-treated animals than the saline-treated group (p less than 0.005). The concentrations of D-pen-protein conjugate were also greater for the serum-treated and ZAS-treated animals than for the saline controls (p less than 0.005 in each case) at all times. Oxidation of D-pen therefore occurs at this site of inflammation and is influenced by local conditions. This may be important to understanding the forms in which D-pen exists in inflamed synovial joints and the way it may exert its antirheumatic activity. PMID- 3218610 TI - Induction of erosive arthritis in mice after passive transfer of anti-type II collagen antibodies. AB - The passive transfer of concentrated immunoglobulins or affinity-purified anti collagen antibodies from sera of mice with type II collagen-induced arthritis can induce erosive arthritis in recipient animals. In both cases, the incidence of arthritis was over 60% and the inflammation persisted for at least two weeks. Radiography revealed bone destruction and apposition of a newly formed material while histologic examination showed cartilage and bone degradation, accompanied with synovitis and periarthritis. Inflammatory infiltrates were composed of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes, and were associated with a proliferation of connective tissue cells. PMID- 3218611 TI - Effects of immunomodulating treatment on autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/Mp lpr/lpr mice. AB - The autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mouse spontaneously develops sialadenitis with a morphological and phenotypical pattern similar to that seen in human Sjogren's syndrome (SS). This makes the MRL/l mouse a suitable model for therapeutical studies of autoimmune sialadenitis. We have, by histological and immunohistochemical techniques, analyzed the therapeutical effect of treatment with LS2616, a recently synthesized oxokinolinamide derivative, on sialadenitis in submandibular glands of MRL/l mice. The results were compared with effects obtained after treatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) and physiologic saline. Administration of both LS2616 and CY to MRL/l mice has previously been found to result in prolongation of survival and amelioration of organ pathology. However, only CY treatment reduced sialadenitis, while LS2616 increased the semiquantitatively assessed focal inflammation of salivary glands in 6 months old mice. No differences in T-cell phenotypes of infiltrating lymphoid cells in salivary glands between different treatment regims could be noted. However, the frequency of B-cells in the sialadenitis was decreased in the CY treated group. In contrast, CY but not LS2616 treatment normalized expression of T-helper and cytotoxic T-cell phenotypes as well as reduced the B-cell portion in lymph nodes. It is concluded that CY treatment can suppress sialadenitis although both LS2616 and CY are effective in prolongation lifespan of MRL/l mice. This may implicate different immunopathogenic mechanisms for development of sialadenitis versus other organ lesions in the autoimmune disease of MRL/l mice. PMID- 3218612 TI - Quinacrine prevention of intestinal ischaemic mucosal damage is partly mediated through inhibition of intraluminal phospholipase A2. AB - The influence of total ischaemia and revascularization on luminal phospholipid metabolism in the rat small intestine was investigated. Two hours of total ischaemia followed by five minutes of revascularization caused increases in phospholipase A2 activity, and lysophosphalidylcholine content in the gut lumen. The above treatment also resulted in mucosal damage expressed as an increase in N acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity in the lumen. Pretreatment of animals with the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, quinacrine prevented the increases in luminal phospholipase A2 activity and mucosal damage following ischaemia and revascularization. Intraluminal injection of either phospholipase A2 purified from snake venom or Triton X-100 resulted in increased activity of N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase in the luminal content. Again, quinacrine pretreatment of animals prevented the increases in mucosal permeability and activity of N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase after intraluminal injection of purified phospholipase A2. On the other hand quinacrine pretreatment had no influence on the observed effects of Triton X-100 treatment. These findings suggest that an increase in luminal phospholipase A2 could be involved in mediating the mucosal injury caused by small intestinal ischaemia. PMID- 3218613 TI - Inhibition of human non-pancreatic phospholipases A2 by retinoids and flavonoids. Mechanism of action. AB - The interaction of retinoids and flavonoids with phospholipases A2 (PLA2) was studied to assess the mechanism of inhibition. Retinoids, such as retinal, retinol, retinoic acid and retinol acetate, and flavonoids, such as quercetin, rutin, morin and sciadopitysin, inhibit Ca2+-dependent PLA2 activity of human synovial fluid (HSF) in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion; ID20S ranged from 2-8 microM. Retinal inhibited neutral active Ca2+-dependent PLA2S from human platelets, human plasma, human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and Naja mossambica mossambica venom in a dose-dependent manner while quercetin inhibits extracellular PLA2 activities of human plasma, HSF and N. m. mossambica venom in a dose-dependent manner but not PLA2 activity derived from human platelets and polymorphomonuclear leukocytes. Inhibition of PLA2 activity by both flavonoid and retinoids were independent of Ca2+ or Na+. Increasing substrate concentration (9 144 nmols) relieved the inhibition of HSF-PLA2 activity by quercetin indicating probable interaction with the substrate. The inhibition by retinal is independent of substrate concentration suggesting that inhibition by retinal is probably due to direct interaction with the enzyme. both retinal and quercetin quenched the relative fluorescent intensity of N. m. mossambica PLA2 and in a dose-dependent manner in the same concentration range at which they inhibit in vitro PLA2 activity. Retinal and quercetin shift the thermotropic phase transition of distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) liposomes. Both compounds broadened the transition peak, shifted the Tm to lower temperature, and decreased enthalpy significantly. These findings indicate that inhibition of non-pancreatic human PLA2S by retinoids and flavonoids can be mediated by interaction with enzyme and/or substrate. PMID- 3218615 TI - A conversation with Ruth White. Interview by Karen Masbaum Yoder and Ralph G. Schimmele. PMID- 3218614 TI - Anti-bacterial activity mediated by human platelets. AB - Platelet-mediated antibacterial activity against gram-negative microorganisms has been investigated. Data show that human washed platelets possess the ability to partially inhibit growth of Salmonella typhi Ty-2 (a smooth strain) but not of two rough strains of Salmonella minnesota (R345-Rb and R595-Re). On the other hand, no antibacterial activity was noted in the presence of the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. This activity is dependent on the length of incubation of platelets with bacteria and apparently is not mediated by platelet soluble factors. Finally, lysis of platelets with Triton X-100 following their incubation with bacteria gives rise to the same degree of antibacterial activity observed in the untreated samples. This implies that the described platelet function does not rely on the possible trapping of bacteria in platelet aggregates. PMID- 3218616 TI - Riley team effort helps patients with complex anomalies. PMID- 3218617 TI - High marks earned in 'home work' at Board of Health. PMID- 3218619 TI - Microvascular networks in tympanic membrane, malleus periosteum, and annulus perichondrium of neonatal mongrel dog: a vasculoanatomic model for surgical considerations. AB - India-ink-imaged blood-vessel networks in cleared tympanic membranes and adnexa from ten neonatal dogs were examined microscopically and photographed. The major significance of the study lies in documentation of a dual source of arterial supply, a bilaminar relationship of arterial and venous plexuses intrinsic to the tympanic membrane, and a consistent major venous pathway relative to a definite locus (pars flaccida of the membrane). Illustration of all three types of blood pathways (arteries, veins, and capillaries) provides new vasculoanatomic data that are essential to ear surgery, specifically--to myringotomies and myringoplasties. A comparison was made between dog and human tympanic membrane structures and their arterial supplies. Close similarities suggested that dog tympanic membrane might serve as a suitable model for development of innovative surgical procedures and as a model for rehearsal of difficult techniques. The results of this investigation provide a valuable caveat to otologists. PMID- 3218618 TI - Ontogeny of architectural complexity in embryonic quail visceral arch muscles. AB - Understanding the mechanisms of muscle pattern formation requires that the complete sequence of ontogenetic events be defined, particularly in the emergence of architectural complexity and in the spatial relations between muscles and skeletal elements. This analysis of visceral arch myogenesis in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos identifies the location of premuscle condensations and subsequent segregation of individual muscles, documents the initial orientation of myofibers and changes in alignment associated with maturation, and describes the spatial and temporal relations between muscle development and the formation of connective tissues. Premuscle condensations form within the visceral arches on embryonic days 2-4, before skeletal elements make their appearance. Discrete muscles may form from the subdivision of a muscle mass after fiber orientations have been established (e.g., jaw adductor and hyobranchial muscles) or by the segregation of a mesenchymal cluster from the condensation prior to the appearance of oriented fibers (e.g., protractor, muscle of the columella). The rate and pattern of subsequent muscle maturation are closely associated with the development of the hard tissues. Myogenesis in 4-9-day embryos centers around the quadrate cartilage, the retroarticular process of the mandibular (Meckel's) cartilage, and the epibranchial cartilage. Muscles form attachments on these elements and remain without additional attachments until the appropriate elements (e.g., otic capsule, pterygoid bone) develop. No single description of myogenic events applies to all visceral arch muscles, nor is there an arch-specific pattern of ontogeny. Rather, each muscle has distinctive characteristics based on its spatial relations within the developing head. PMID- 3218620 TI - Application of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry in the quantification of astrocytes in the rat brain. AB - Immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was employed as a tool for quantification of astrocytes in the rat brain. One-micron methacrylate sections were prepared from 70-micron slices stained for GFAP by using a preembedding staining procedure. Numbers/unit area of astrocytes and nonastrocytes were determined for cortex, corpus callosum, and hippocampal neuropil. In each, counts from GFAP-stained, toluidine-blue-counterstained sections were compared with counts obtained from sections stained with toluidine blue alone. Numbers of nonastrocytes and total glia in all three regions were comparable in both groups of sections. Astrocyte counts in the cortex and hippocampus also showed no significant differences between the two groups. In contrast, the number of astrocytes in the corpus callosum was significantly lower in GFAP-stained, toluidine-blue-counterstained sections than in sections stained with toluidine blue alone. GFAP immunohistochemistry is a useful tool for the quantification of astrocytes in semi-thin plastic sections of rat brain. PMID- 3218621 TI - Development of dermal ridges in the volar skin of fetal pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina). AB - Development of the dermal ridges in volar skin was investigated in 28 pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) fetuses of known gestational age, ranging from 51 days postconception to newborn. Histology, scanning electron microscopy, and staining of the abraded dermal surface were used in the study. Morphological features of the dermal-epidermal system and their changes with advancing age are described. Chronology was established for stages in the development of the volar skin, i.e., the differentiation of the primary and secondary epidermal ridges (PER and SER) at the undersurface of the epidermis corresponding to the formation of primary and secondary dermal ridges (PDR and SDR) and the development of the dermal papillae. PDRs were first seen at 55 gestational days and SDRs at 93 days. Differentiation of sweat ducts occurred over the period between 60 and 119 gestational days. A regional sequence of differentiation starting with the digital apices of the hand and ending in the calcar area and the phalanges of the foot was documented. Generally, morphogenesis in the macaque was accelerated relative to that in the human fetus by approximately 3 weeks. PMID- 3218622 TI - Innervation of developing intrafusal muscle fibers in the rat. AB - The chronology of development of spindle neural elements was examined by electron microscopy in fetal and neonatal rats. The three types of intrafusal muscle fiber of spindles from the soleus muscle acquired sensory and motor innervation in the same sequence as they formed--bag2, bag1, and chain. Both the primary and secondary afferents contacted developing spindles before day 20 of gestation. Sensory endings were present on myoblasts, myotubes, and myofibers in all intrafusal bundles regardless of age. The basic features of the sensory innervation--first-order branching of the parent axon, separation of the primary and secondary sensory regions, and location of both primary and secondary endings beneath the basal lamina of the intrafusal fibers--were all established by the fourth postnatal day. Cross-terminals, sensory terminals shared by more than one intrafusal fiber, were more numerous at all developmental stages than in mature spindles. No afferents to immature spindles were supernumerary, and no sensory axons appeared to retract from terminations on intrafusal fibers. The earliest motor axons contacted spindles on the 20th day of gestation or shortly afterward. More motor axons supplied the immature spindles, and a greater number of axon terminals were visible at immature intrafusal motor endings than in adult spindles; hence, retraction of supernumerary motor axons accompanies maturation of the fusimotor system analogous to that observed during the maturation of the skeletomotor system. Motor endings were observed only on the relatively mature myofibers; intrafusal myoblasts and myotubes lacked motor innervation in all age groups. This independence of the early stages of intrafusal fiber assembly from motor innervation may reflect a special inherent myogenic potential of intrafusal myotubes or may stem from the innervation of spindles by sensory axons. PMID- 3218624 TI - Hypno-play therapy with adults: theory, method, and practice. PMID- 3218623 TI - Early stages of spinal ganglion formation during tail regeneration in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. AB - Stages in the development of sensory ganglia in the regenerating newt tail after amputation are described by taking advantage of the rostrocaudal developmental gradient of the regenerating tail. A series of ganglia, beginning at the tip of the regenerate and progressing rostrally, were examined. Eight-week regenerates were used because they showed the most complete array of stages. The first recognizable ganglia appear as small clusters of cells sitting dorsally on the already established ventral roots. The cluster of ganglionic cells steadily expands with the addition of many new cells. Signs of cell differentiation within the ganglion precede the formation of the dorsal root rudiment, which assumes several different configurations but most commonly enters the cord close to the ventral root. Our material suggests that ganglion precursor cells originate in the ventral region of the developing spinal cord and migrate out of the cord by travelling along the ventral root until, at a suitable distance from the cord, they halt, proliferate, and eventually differentiate. In the regenerate, we saw no evidence of neural crest cells--such as those that give rise to ganglia in the trunk region during development--forming at the dorsal region of the regenerated neural tube. Nor was there any morphological evidence of mesenchymal contribution to the ganglion cell clusters. PMID- 3218625 TI - Hypnosis and rape victims. PMID- 3218626 TI - Utilization of hypnosis to promote compliance with routine dental flossing. PMID- 3218627 TI - The Chinese representation of cosmic elements as graphic symbols. AB - In Chinese cosmology, cosmic elements have been deified and assigned life-forms. Air, representing ultrasonic energy as a celestial entity, became bird-god, Red bird. Water acquired Dragon as its representative and Fire had Tiger as its graphic symbol. Earth, as body, was fertile and long-lasting. It was symbolized as Tortoise, known to be long-lived. Its soul became Serpent, long enough to be powerful as Cosmic soul. Serpent-Tortoise, as Body-Soul, became the god Black Warrior in charge of Earth. PMID- 3218628 TI - Chinese cosmology incorporates its humorology: dual sense ascribed to the elements wood, earth and metal. A short communication in reply to the criticism of a Chinese colleague. PMID- 3218629 TI - Effects of Tokishakuyakusan and its components on rat corpus luteum function in vitro. AB - 27-day-old female rats received 20 IU PMS and 56 hours later, 40 IU hCG. Seven days after hCG treatment, the resected ovaries were perifused with NIH-LH, Tokishakuyakusan (TJ-23) or its components. LH and TJ-23 increased progesterone in media and LH was more effective than TJ-23. Hoelen, Peony root, Alisma rhizome and Japanese angelica root also augmented progesterone. 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were not stimulated by TJ 23. These results suggest that TJ-23 stimulates corpora lutea to secrete progesterone without direct luteotropic or luteolytic effect and that the effect may be attributable to Hoelen, Peony root, Alisma rhizome or Japanese angelica root. PMID- 3218630 TI - Effect of ba-wei-di-huang-wan (hachimi-jio-gan) on thymidine kinase and its isozyme activities in the prostate glands in rats. AB - Ba-wei-di-huang-wan (Hachimi-jio-gan, TJ-7) has been frequently used for the treatment of sterilitas virilis, prostatic disorders, etc. The hormonal effects of TJ-7 were studied using thymidine kinase (TK), an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of thymidine via the pyrimidine salvage pathway. TK isozyme activity increases in rapidly proliferating tissues. TJ-7 may act as a weak androgen and enhance prostatic TK and in particular, a specific TK isozyme activity, and also as an anti-androgen and reduce prostatic TK activity in the presence of androgen in immature rats. PMID- 3218631 TI - Effect of Japanese kampo medicine on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function in women with ovarian insufficiency. AB - Twenty-five women who suffering with either amenorrhea, anovulatory cycle or luteal phase dysfunction were treated with TJ-23 and TJ-106 (Japanese Kampo medicine) orally for 10 to 30 weeks. Blood was taken every two weeks prior to and during treatment and serum levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, E2, progesterone (P) and testosterone were assayed. Premarin test and LH-RH test were examined prior to and during treatment. Of 7 women who were suffering with amenorrhea TJ-23 treatment brought about menstruation in 4 women; 3 were ovulated and TJ-106 brought about menstruation in 3 women; 2 were ovulated. Of 4 women with anovulatory cycle TJ-23 or TJ-106 treatment brought about ovulation in 2 women. Of 10 women with luteal phase dysfunction TJ-23 treatment brought about normal midluteal P levels in 7 women; 4 among them were pregnant, and TJ-106 brought about normal P levels in 6 women; one of them was pregnant. Improvement of hypothalamic-pituitary function was suggested during treatment by Premarin test and LH-RH test. These evidences infer that TJ-23 and TJ-106 may exert their effect on hypothalamic-pituitary area and may activate ovarian function; however, direct effect on ovary and factors except endocrine mechanism may not be excluded. PMID- 3218633 TI - Ear acupuncture using semi-permanent needles: acceptability, prospects and problems in Nigeria. AB - Ear acupuncture performed with indwelling auricular semi-permanent (ASP) needles, was used for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain and stiffness in 55 Nigerians. The male patients were initially reluctant to have an ASP needle stuck in their auricle, because they feared that the needle would attract embarrassing comments. No female objected to the use of these needles. The longest time an ASP needle remained in situ was 28 days (in a male), while the shortest time was 2 days. There was no associated ear lobe infection or scarification. All seventeen patients with acute torticollis had significant relief of pain and stiffness within 24 hours, scoring less than 25% (residual pain) on the visual analogue scale (VAS). Contrary to speculation auriculo acutherapy using the indwelling needles is acceptable to the Nigerian (male and female). The tropical weather does not necessarily predispose to infection at the site of needle, insertion, provided the area is kept dry. The technique is useful for the relief of musculoskeletal pain and stiffness, and permits the patient to continue self acutherapy at home without the need to return to the clinic. However, these needles are disposable and have to be imported. There is therefore the problem of availability. PMID- 3218632 TI - Effects of san-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang on central monoaminergic and GABAergic systems in rats. AB - In this paper, the effects of San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang on central monoaminergic and GABAergic systems were studied in rats. It was found that San-Huang-Hsieh Hsin-Tang significantly (1) prolonged the period from the onset of clonic to tonic convulsions induced by picrotoxin, (2) prolonged the sleep duration induced by hexobarbital, (3) inhibited central catecholaminergic activity, (4) promoted central GABAergic activity, and (5) decreased the turnovers of central norepinephrine and dopamine. PMID- 3218634 TI - Control of preweaning diarrhea in piglets by acupuncture and Chinese medicine. AB - Preweaning diarrhea in piglets is a very common disease. Even thought vaccination and antibiotics are used widely for controlling the disease nowadays, it is still a serious production problem. Therefore, the search for a new medication that is both cheaper and more effective is of major importance. During the last year, acupuncture and Chinese medicine have been evaluated for this purpose. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Oral administration of 0.5 g of Ko-ken huang-lien-huang-chin-tang (pueraria, coptis, scute and licorice combination) to piglets at 1 day old was effective in reducing incidence of infection (P less than 0.1) and increasing the body weight gain (P less than 0.05) during the first 10 days of life. Gentamycin or aqua-acupuncture at day 1 of life had no prophylactic value. 2) Piglets with preweaning diarrhea were treated by aqua acupuncture at Chang-Chiang point (VG 1, or so called Chiao-Chao in traditional pig charts) with 0.2 ml of 3% saline, or by oral administration of 0.5 g of Ko ken-huang-lien-huang-chin-tang or by injection of gentamycin (10 mg/piglet) twice a day for 1-3 days. These treatments significantly reduced the duration of illness (P less than 0.01) when compared with the control groups which received 0.5 g lactose orally. These results indicate that both acupuncture treatment and Chinese medicine have a high clinical value for controlling piglet diarrhea. PMID- 3218635 TI - Sexual assault history and use of health and mental health services. AB - A history of sexual assault may be associated with increased current use of mental health and medical services because of the psychologically and physically disruptive consequences of assault. To test this hypothesis, we estimated rates of mental health and medical services use among 2560 randomly selected community residents, 343 of whom had been sexually assaulted. Sexual assault was associated with seeking both forms of care. Controls for demographic variables, psychiatric diagnosis, health status, and insurance suggested that assault increases use indirectly, through poor mental and physical health. Uninsured, assaulted respondents were especially likely to consult medical providers. Respondents assaulted during childhood were particularly likely to seek mental health care. Assault was more common among mental health service users than nonusers, and among women using medical services compared to female nonpatients. The high prevalence of assault among service users underscores the need for providers to recognize and treat sexual assault-related problems. PMID- 3218636 TI - Responses to collective risk: appraisal and coping among workers exposed to occupational health hazards. AB - Appraisals of occupational health risks and coping alternatives were examined in a study of 670 steelworkers. Three forms of coping were considered: emotion focused, problem focused, and system oriented. Path analysis was used to test a model of coping as a function of primary appraisals of occupational exposures, secondary appraisals of coping options, reappraisal of health concerns, and background characteristics. Results show that each element in the proposed model contributes significantly to all three coping types. In addition, distinctive patterns of secondary appraisal were observed for each type of coping. Future use of the concept of system-oriented coping is suggested for investigating problems not easily solved by individual action. PMID- 3218637 TI - Prior experience as a moderator of disaster impact on anxiety symptoms in older adults. AB - As participants in a panel study, 234 older adults were interviewed before, as well as after, serious flooding occurred in southeastern Kentucky. Floods are not uncommon in this area, but these were more widespread than most, and resulted in both previously exposed and newly exposed subsamples of disaster victims. Flood impact was measured at both personal and community levels. With preflood symptoms controlled, there were modest flood effects on both trait anxiety and weather specific distress in older adults without prior flood experience, but no flood effects in older adults who had been in floods before. Thus, the study provides support for the "inoculation hypothesis" and other conceptualizations that emphasize the advantage of being familiar or experienced with a stressor that is at hand. An implication is that "experienced" victims could be a valuable resource in prevention efforts. PMID- 3218638 TI - Perceptions of social support, receipt of supportive behaviors, and locus of control as moderators of the effects of chronic stress. AB - The study was an attempt to explicate the results of recent research concerned with the stress-buffering effects of received social support for individuals with internal locus of control perceptions. In addition to measuring received support, perceptions of availability of support were measured; further, a proximal measure of stress was substituted for the negative life events measure of stress. Evening class business administration students who were older than the typical undergraduate served as volunteer participants. Results of the cross-sectional analyses are consistent with previous research with respect to received support as hypothesized; however, an opposite or "negative" buffering effect for internals is obtained when the measure of support is perceived reassurance of self-worth. Main effects of perceived social support, but not received support, are obtained for externals but not (with one exception) for internals. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the study of coping with stress. PMID- 3218639 TI - Citizen participation, perceived control, and psychological empowerment. AB - The research integrates the citizen participation literature with research on perceived control in an effort to further our understanding of psychological empowerment. Eleven indices of empowerment representing personality, cognitive, and motivational measures were identified to represent the construct. Three studies examined the relationship between empowerment and participation. The first study examined differences among groups identified by a laboratory manipulation as willing to participate in personally relevant or community relevant situations. Study II examined differences for groups defined by actual involvement in community activities and organizations. Study III replicated Study II with a different population. In each study, individuals reporting a greater amount of participation scored higher on indices of empowerment. Psychological empowerment could be described as the connection between a sense of personal competence, a desire for, and a willingness to take action in the public domain. Discriminant function analyses resulted in one significant dimension, identified as pyschological empowerment, that was positively correlated with leadership and negatively correlated with alienation. PMID- 3218640 TI - Incorrect dosage recommendations of Oxsoralen-Ultra. PMID- 3218641 TI - Dissolution time of adriamycin and adriamycin RDF. PMID- 3218643 TI - Medication histories should not be included in measures of comprehensive clinical services. PMID- 3218642 TI - Phenytoin should be considered a critical drug. PMID- 3218644 TI - Pharmacists for social responsibility. PMID- 3218646 TI - Organizational vitality. PMID- 3218645 TI - Expanded roles for pharmacy technicians. PMID- 3218647 TI - Leadership in a clinical profession. AB - The contributions of residency training programs to pharmacy's development into a clinical profession are described. Residency programs supply institutional pharmacy with mature, highly skilled clinical and managerial practitioners, and ASHP's accreditation process ensures the programs' quality. Residents develop values, philosophy, and vision that breed innovation and advancement of the profession. As pharmacy departments strive to meet the standards set by the accreditation program, the level of services rises; subsequently, higher standards are established and practice advances accordingly. Future residency training for community practice and the movement toward the Pharm.D. as the sole entry-level degree for practitioners must be evaluated in terms of effect on patient care and on pharmacy school and hospital resources. Planning for future pharmacy education and manpower needs should involve the whole profession, but the needs of community and hospital pharmacy may differ. A goal for the future is entry-level residency training for all hospital pharmacists, with the Pharm.D. degree as a prerequisite. Such a residency program would focus on clinical practice and provide experience in all pharmaceutical services and the overall management of a pharmacy department; it would be a prerequisite for advanced specialized residency programs. Managers of departments providing clinical services will need an entry-level clinical residency followed by a specialized residency in administration. In their 25-year history, residency programs have contributed greatly to the profession. Efforts to develop quality residency training sites and promote them to pharmacy graduates should continue. PMID- 3218648 TI - Relationship between leadership styles of hospital pharmacists and perceptions of work-unit effectiveness. AB - Relationships between hospital pharmacists' perceptions of their own and their immediate supervisors' leadership styles and their perceptions of the effectiveness of their work units were examined. Pharmacists practicing in 12 large Chicago-area hospitals were asked to complete a four-part questionnaire that consisted of demographic questions, the LEADSelf instrument, the LEADOther instrument, and a measure of perceived work unit effectiveness. Respondents' primary, secondary, and combination leadership styles and their degree of style adaptability were determined and compared with the primary, secondary, and combination leadership styles and style adaptability of their immediate supervisors and with their perceptions of the effectiveness of their work units. Pharmacists involved in providing clinical or drug information services and pharmacists responsible for purchasing activities perceived their work units to be most and least effective, respectively. Most respondents perceived their primary leadership style to be high task-high relationship, but only 32% perceived their immediate supervisors to exhibit this style. Pharmacists who perceived their immediate supervisors to have high relationship leadership styles (based on primary and combination style classifications) had significantly more favorable perceptions of the effectiveness of their work units than did pharmacists who perceived their supervisors to exhibit low relationship styles. Respondents' perceptions of their supervisors' style adaptability were positively and significantly correlated with their perceptions of work-unit effectiveness. Respondents who thought their supervisors' leadership styles were more adaptable than their own had the most favorable perceptions of work-unit effectiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3218649 TI - Three simple steps toward clinical services. PMID- 3218650 TI - The renin-angiotensin system and the heart. Proceedings of a satellite symposium to the Third European Meeting on Hypertension. June 13, 1987, Milan, Italy. PMID- 3218651 TI - The renin-angiotensin system and the heart. PMID- 3218652 TI - Assessment of ventricular function in arterial hypertension with radionuclide ventriculography. AB - Diastolic function of the left ventricle was assessed in 29 untreated patients with mild to moderate hypertension and in 21 normotensive control subjects using gated radionuclide ventriculography. In hypertensive patients, the time to peak filling rate was significantly longer (p less than 0.01) than that in control subjects, and first-third filling fraction and peak filling rate were significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). The ejection fraction and peak ejection rate were also significantly reduced in hypertensive patients (p less than 0.001). No relation was observed between diastolic functional impairment and age, cardiac hypertrophy, or severity of hypertension. Thus, early impairment of ventricular filling is present in hypertension, even in young patients without evidence of cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 3218653 TI - Cardiac renin-angiotensin system. Molecular and functional aspects. AB - Current data support the existence of an endogenous renin-angiotensin system in the heart. Vascular angiotensin may contribute to the regulation of coronary vascular tone. Enhanced local angiotensin production in areas of vascular injury or inflammation may result in increased vasoconstriction or vasospasm. Cardiac angiotensin may adversely influence myocardial metabolism and provoke ventricular arrhythmia during ischemia and reperfusion-induced myocardial injury. Local angiotensin may stimulate cardiac contractility. In addition, angiotensin may influence cardiac myocyte growth and may contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension. Recent data show that the pharmacologic inhibition of cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme may have important therapeutic consequences for the ischemic, hypertrophic, or failing heart. PMID- 3218654 TI - Importance of cardiovascular reflexes in disease. AB - Circulatory reflexes are important in effecting rapid distribution of blood flow and an adequate driving pressure during adjustment to the stress of exercise, posture change, and other environmental challenges. Their primary evolutionary role may be a response to the extreme stress of hemorrhage. Derangements of reflex control may lead to adverse effects on organ blood flow, particularly renal blood flow; adjustments appropriate for support of the circulation during hemorrhage may be inappropriate in congestive heart failure. The balance between one control system and another may be altered by disease. Arterial baroreflex control of the circulation is impaired in hypertension, but may be partially compensated by increased gain in cardiopulmonary reflexes. Changes in autonomic balance in acute myocardial ischemia may be important in the mechanism of sudden death. Physical training can favorably modify arterial baroreflex function and adds to the evidence in favor of active rehabilitation after infarction. PMID- 3218655 TI - Experience, progress, and clinical perspectives on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. PMID- 3218656 TI - Experience, progress, and clinical perspectives on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Proceedings of a symposium. San Diego, California, May 3, 1987. PMID- 3218657 TI - Vascular renin-angiotensin system in hypertension. New insights into the mechanism of action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. AB - Evidence is accumulating that demonstrates the presence of local renin angiotensin systems, in addition to the established circulating renin-angiotensin system. Renin-like substances, immunoreactive angiotensins, and angiotensin II receptors have been identified throughout the vasculature. Local tissue concentrations of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, rather than serum concentrations, may be more important in determining the magnitude and duration of the long-term cardiac and vascular response to this group of drugs. Certain structural and chemical properties of the ACE inhibitors may provide unique effects at various tissue sites. PMID- 3218658 TI - Blood rheology and hypertension in hemodialysis patients treated with erythropoietin. AB - Fifteen hemodialysis patients suffering from stable anemia were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO). Within 16 weeks, hematocrit values increased from 23.7 +/- 1.2 to 35.7 +/- 0.2%. Simultaneously, mean predialytic blood pressure rose significantly from 131/79 to 139/85 mm Hg. Three out of 15 patients developed frank hypertension and had to be put on antihypertensive therapy. When the hematocrit was lowered again from 36.3 +/- 1.8 to 30.5 +/- 1.2% in these 3 patients, blood pressure was attenuated and the antihypertensive medication could be reduced or abolished. With rising hematocrit values, whole blood viscosity increased at both low (+42%) and high shear rates (+33%) without reaching the values seen in healthy subjects. By contrast, plasma viscosity was already elevated in hemodialysis patients prior to r-HuEPO treatment and showed only a slight, but insignificant increase during r-HuEPO treatment. Since whole blood viscosity is one factor that determines vascular resistance, it is conceivable that the development of hypertension during correction of the renal anemia is, at least partly, due to an increment of blood viscosity. PMID- 3218659 TI - Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of the adult with asymptomatic thrombosis of the renal vein. AB - Twenty-six adult patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, ages ranging from 16 to 62 years, were prospectively evaluated with selective renal venogram for the presence of renal vein thrombosis (RVT). Ten patients had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN); 5, membranous nephropathy (MGN); 3, diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DGPG), and 1 focal glomerulonephritis (FPG). Renal vein thrombosis was observed in 11 patients. The primary nephropathies in these patients were: MPGN in 4, MGN in 3, FGS in 2, FPG in 1, and DGPG in 1. All patients were asymptomatic. The clinical and renal pathology features were similar in patients with and without RVT. Other thromboembolic complications were observed in 4 patients. In conclusion, renal vein thrombosis was observed in 42% of our patients and MPGN was the most frequent nephropathy associated with RVT. PMID- 3218660 TI - Does 1 alpha(OH)D3 treatment affect blood pressure levels in maintenance hemodialysis patients? AB - Forty-eight chronic hemodialysis patients were divided comparably into two groups (24 patients in each). Two micrograms of 1 alpha(OH)D3 was administered to one group for 3 months and its placebo to the other group. In the 1 alpha(OH)D3 treated group, serum total calcium increased from 7.82 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- SEM) to 9.70 +/- 0.27 mg/dl (p less than 0.001) which was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than control values of 8.86 +/- 0.06 mg/dl from normal volunteers. Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, however, did not change significantly throughout the study. Even in the 9 patients who had a substantial increment of serum calcium of more than 2 mg/dl with hypercalcemia (greater than 10 mg/dl) at 3 months, no significant changes in blood pressure were found. Serum iPTH decreased from 2.83 +/- 0.28 to 0.98 +/- 0.23 ng/ml (p less than 0.001) at 3 months of treatment. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation was obtained between the changes in serum calcium and iPTH. In the placebo group there were no significant changes in serum calcium, iPTH and blood pressure during the 3-month treatment period. The present study indicates that a substantial increase in serum calcium or a chronic hypercalcemia induced by 1 alpha(OH)D3 treatment in maintenance hemodialysis patients does not accompany a rise in blood pressure, probably due to a concomitant suppression of PTH. The results also suggest that the hypocalcemic state found in hemodialysis patients is not associated with any significant change in blood pressure. The importance of PTH in blood pressure regulation was discussed. PMID- 3218661 TI - Quiz of the month. Peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PMID- 3218662 TI - IgA nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease. AB - We report a patient with polycystic kidney disease, advanced renal failure, and nephrotic-range proteinuria. Kidney biopsy revealed IgA nephropathy with lesions of focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis. This association had not been previously described and is probably coincidental. This case supports the assumption that the nephrotic-range proteinuria observed in some polycystic patients could be the consequence of another superimposed glomerular disease. This glomerulopathy can worsen the course of azotemia in these patients. PMID- 3218663 TI - Reversal of renal failure after revascularization in atheromatous renovascular disease. Report of two cases. AB - We report 2 patients with severe renal failure and hypertension secondary to atherosclerotic renovascular disease who required hemodialysis. Successful surgical revascularization in these patients resulted in the recovery of renal function (twice in a patient) and in controlling the blood pressure. These results indicate that in the presence of severe renal artery obstruction renal parenchyma may be preserved, while renal function is absent. We highlight the usefulness of preoperative renal arteriography for evaluation of the affected vessel and the demonstration of collateral circulation and the value of preoperative renal biopsy in the prediction of the viability of the kidney parenchyma. PMID- 3218664 TI - Hemodialysis for acute renal failure in a patient with life-long myalgias after exercise. PMID- 3218665 TI - Models of occupational therapy service provision in the school system. AB - Occupational therapy is a related service when provided within the public schools, which means that services must enhance or support educational goals. Three service provision models have been described for school therapists: direct service, monitoring, and consultation. Direct service addresses individualized needs that require specialized intervention strategies which can safely be performed only by the occupational therapist. Monitoring, which is sometimes referred to as integrated programming, uses therapeutic expertise within functional tasks to maximize opportunities for practice and generalization. Consultation addresses problems by enabling others to work more effectively on the educational goals they have set for the students. Evidence is accumulating to demonstrate that each model is effective when chosen and applied appropriately. This paper reviews each model, provides examples of studies that have been conducted, and suggests directions for future research. PMID- 3218666 TI - Using a single-subject research design to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. AB - Single-subject designs allow therapists to evaluate the effects of treatment on individual students, the effects of individualized occupational therapy services across a group of students, and the effects of a specific treatment procedure on a group of students. The purpose of this article is to provide information to enable therapists to use single-subject designs effectively in public school occupational therapy programs. PMID- 3218667 TI - Organizational resources for the occupational therapist in the public schools. AB - Many organizational resources can assist the public school occupational therapist in fulfilling his or her commitment to the population being served. This paper presents four types of organizational resources that are readily available to the therapist: professional, nonprofit/volunteer, and commercial organizations, and information search and retrieval systems. Each category of resource contains examples and a brief description of each example. Descriptions of professional and nonprofit/volunteer organizations include information about their purpose, membership, and publications. The examples in each of these categories cover a variety of disciplines and disabling conditions; however, all are involved with and provide information about children with disabilities. Descriptions of commercial organizations highlight specific products that are applicable to occupational therapy in the schools. Descriptions of information search and retrieval systems state the kinds of materials each system maintains and provide information on how to gain access to each system. PMID- 3218668 TI - Fossil platyrrhine forelimb bones from the early miocene of Argentina. AB - Primate scapula and ulna fragments of uncertain taxonomic affinity (MACN-SC 101) have been recovered from the Pinturas deposits at Arroyo Feo, Santa Cruz, Argentina in association with Santacrucian (Early Miocene) land mammals. Least squares regression of body weight on surface area and on height of the glenoid fossa of the scapula indicates an estimated mean weight of 3.6 kg for this individual. On the basis of qualitative and several metric features, the fossil scapula and ulna most closely resemble living platyrrhine monkeys. In estimated body weight and relative height of the coronoid process, the fossil is similar to arboreal quadrupeds, such as Cebus apella and Chiropotes. However, spinoglenoid, axilloglenoid, and axillospinal angles, length of lever arm, and length and breadth of the sigmoid notch imply behavioral similarity with larger species that also use their forelimbs extensively in climbing, such as Alouatta and Lagothrix. MACN-SC 101 may represent the incipient divergence of a generalized platyrrhine arboreal quadruped toward a more suspensory form. PMID- 3218670 TI - Socioeconomic variation in estimated growth velocity of schoolchildren from a rural, subsistence agricultural community in southern Mexico. AB - Socioeconomic variation in estimated growth velocities (annual growth increments) of several anthropometric dimensions was considered in schoolchildren from a rural, subsistence agricultural community in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. The children (114 males, 99 females), 6-13 years of age, were measured twice, approximately one year apart. Annual growth increments were computed by subtracting measurements taken in the fall of 1978 from those taken in the fall of 1979. Information on household land holdings and appliances and parental occupation was used to compute an index of socioeconomic status (SES). Analysis of annual increments among upper SES (65 males, 45 females) and lower (49 males, 54 females) children indicated negligible differences. The results suggest that growth deficits evident in the children at school age occurred in infancy and early childhood so that there was little, if any, SES variation in growth rate at the school ages. PMID- 3218669 TI - Mathematical hazard models of mortality: an alternative to model life tables. AB - A five-parameter competing hazard model of the age pattern of mortality is described, and methods of fitting it to survivorship, death rate, and age structure data are developed and presented. The methods are then applied to published life table and census data to construct life tables for a Late Woodland population, a Christian period Nubian population, and the Yanomama. The advantage of this approach over the use of model life tables is that the hazard model facilitates life-table construction without imposing a particular age pattern of mortality on the data. This development makes it possible to use anthropological data to extend the study of human variation in mortality patterns to small populations. PMID- 3218671 TI - Genetic variation in the Aleuts of the Pribilof Islands and the Eskimos of Kodiak Island. AB - A sample of Aleuts residing in the Pribilof Islands of St. Paul (N = 163) and St. George (N = 62) and Eskimo residents of Kodiak Island (N = 294) have been typed for genetic variation at 31 discrete genetic markers. Of these, 16 were polymorphic and 15 were monomorphic. Several private polymorphisms previously reported in Eskimo or Alaskan Amerindian populations were absent in both the Aleuts and Kodiak Island Eskimos. Genetic distance analysis shows considerable genetic differentiation between Aleuts and Kodiak Island Eskimos. PMID- 3218672 TI - Three-dimensional measurement accuracy of skull surface landmarks. AB - Craniometric measurements from a three-dimensional (3-D) digitizing system were compared with those from sliding and spreading calipers. The 3-D system consisted of a 3-Space Digitizer, Macintosh Plus computer, and Unigraphics CAD/CAM system. Twenty-nine standard measurements were made and repeated on two normal and three deformed skulls. The percentage of difference was calculated for original versus repeat measures and caliper versus 3-D measures. For objective anatomic structures and fiducial points, there was less than 2 mm (maximum) of difference between 1) the original digitizer versus repeat 3-D measures and 2) caliper versus 3-D measures. This represented 2% or less measurement incongruence. There were no significant differences for these comparisons (p greater than 0.1), and all regressions were highly significant (P less than 0.001), with r2 greater than 0.999. 3-D measurements were made more easily and quickly than were caliper measurements, with no loss in precision. It is concluded that 3-D measurements are equivalent in quality to caliper measurements for craniometric studies, but are easier to obtain. PMID- 3218673 TI - Palmar dermatoglyphics of dyslexia. AB - Palmar dermatoglyphic prints were taken of 261 dyslexics (173 males and 88 females) and compared against those of 707 controls (372 males and 335 females). Dyslexics of both sexes were found to exhibit greater complexity in terms of ridge count and pattern location than controls, particularly on the left hand. Specifically, both male and female dyslexics exhibited higher left a-b counts, wider atd angles on both palms, and higher frequencies of pattern in left interdigital area IV. Additionally, male dyslexics also had higher right a-b counts and greater frequency of pattern in the left hypothenar area. Dyslexics of both sexes were also found to have more distally located axial triradii, and investigation of bilateral asymmetry found dyslexics to exhibit more directional asymmetry than controls in the variable of a-b count, with the left value for both groups being greater than the right. It was concluded that the study evidenced strong support for the hypothesis that some causative factor relating to the development of dyslexia is operating during the time period in which dermatoglyphic features are formed. The relevance of these findings in terms of the Geschwind hypothesis and the possible importance of prenatal testosterone are discussed. PMID- 3218674 TI - Osteometry at muscle origin and insertion in sex determination. AB - Multivariate statistical analyses were performed on 22 size measurements of the humerus from five sample populations: Sudanese Nubians, Arikara, Pecos Pueblos, American blacks, and American whites. The effects of muscle use ("occupational" differences) on identification of sex in this long bone are examined, particularly at points of muscle origins and insertions. The ramifications of the results of this research on sexual dimorphism studies of other bones are discussed. PMID- 3218675 TI - [Determination of fetal sex by studying the zinc concentration in the amniotic fluid during the second trimester of pregnancy (preliminary report)]. PMID- 3218676 TI - [Hormonal studies of women with a normal pregnancy and in EPH gestosis]. PMID- 3218677 TI - [The results of intermediate electrophysiologic diagnostic tests in pregnancies at risk (preliminary report)]. PMID- 3218678 TI - [The induction of labor and intravenous prostaglandin E2]. PMID- 3218679 TI - [Use of aprophen in the preparation for and induction of labor]. PMID- 3218680 TI - [The incidence of the HBsAg carrier state among pregnant women and its effect on newborn infants. III. Viral hepatitis morbidity among the infants born to mothers who are HBsAg carriers]. PMID- 3218681 TI - [Surgical intervention in genital tumors and concomitant thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3218682 TI - [Characteristics of the x-ray image in tubal endometriosis in sterile women]. PMID- 3218683 TI - [Septic shock following a criminal intervention on the nonpregnant uterus]. PMID- 3218684 TI - [A case of isolated tuberculosis of the ovary]. PMID- 3218685 TI - [Cesarean section--its current status. III. Infectious complications. Its use]. PMID- 3218686 TI - [Perineal endometriosis with a concretion]. PMID- 3218687 TI - An overview of Alabama cancer mortality among whites. 1950 to 1980. PMID- 3218688 TI - Adherence to pharmacotherapeutic regimen. Assessment and intervention. PMID- 3218689 TI - Neurological abnormalities and thrombocytopenia in a young white male. PMID- 3218690 TI - Adolescent hyperventilation syndrome. PMID- 3218691 TI - Possible penicillin treatment failure in primary syphilis. PMID- 3218692 TI - Radiation accidents. The need to update the status of accident preparedness. PMID- 3218693 TI - Recent radiation accidents. Chernobyl and Goiania: their impact and global implications. A presentation by Robert Peter Gale, MD, PhD. PMID- 3218694 TI - Differences in American and Soviet nuclear reactors. PMID- 3218695 TI - Radiation accident response in Pennsylvania. Changes since Three Mile Island. PMID- 3218696 TI - Response to radiation accidents: Alabama. PMID- 3218697 TI - Radiation as a mutagen. PMID- 3218698 TI - Radiation accidents. Part II. Triage. PMID- 3218699 TI - Continuing education practices of Alabama certified registered nurse practitioners. PMID- 3218700 TI - Trauma as a surgical disease. PMID- 3218701 TI - Behcet's disease. PMID- 3218702 TI - Consistency and changes in the development of extremely low birthweight infants. AB - Thirty infants who weighed less than 1,000 g were evaluated as to neurological functioning and mental ability at 1 year and, again, at 3 years of age. The results of the examinations showed the high correlation in the neurological status between infancy and the preschool period, particularly, for children who were diagnosed as being clearly normal or abnormal at 1 year. There was a high percentage of psychomotor delays in those with ophthalmic complications. PMID- 3218703 TI - Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in children with neurological disorders. AB - Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were studied in 35 children with neurological disorders and 24 controls. Abnormal results were obtained in 16 patients. All 5 of the patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy had evidence of peripheral and/or central delay in transmission in keeping with evidence of demyelination of both peripheral (i.e. auditory nerve) and central (i.e. brainstem) pathways as occurs in this disorder. Two children with lead poisoning had delayed conduction in the peripheral pathways only and in these there was good correlation between the degree of delay and the ulnar nerve conduction velocity; both improved after chelation therapy. One infant with lead poisoning had central delay only. One infant with osteopetrosis manifested progressive damage to the auditory nerves. Delayed conduction was also found in one patient each with hydrocephalus, spinal muscular atrophy, and in 2 infants with cerebral palsy. No responses were obtained in one infant with congenital rubella, one deaf-mute and one child with an undiagnosed degenerative neurological disease. Auditory brainstem responses are of value in detecting disturbances of the auditory nerve or brainstem in children with various neurological disorders. PMID- 3218704 TI - Syncope associated with hair-grooming. AB - We report 20 girls who experienced episodes of unconsciousness while standing for hair grooming. The episodes were syncopal in character, electroencephalograms were normal in most cases, and at least 11 of the 20 had definite episodes of syncope in other circumstances. A number of these girls underwent extensive diagnostic testing. We consider this a form of situational or reflex syncope, perhaps related to orthostatic hypotension, the recognition of which may spare unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. PMID- 3218705 TI - Dermoid cyst of the anterior fontanel: advantage of MRI for the diagnosis. AB - We report two Japanese infants with congenital dermoid cysts of the anterior fontanel. The histological, computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings as to the cyst are described. MRI is the most useful preoperative investigative aid for ruling out intractanial extension. PMID- 3218706 TI - Mexiletine hydrochloride in an infant with intractable epilepsy. AB - A female infant with seizures refractory to conventional therapeutic agents was presented. Mexiletine hydrochloride, administered orally, was effective in controlling her seizures. Her sleep structure and psychomotor development seemed to improve after reduction of the fits. PMID- 3218707 TI - Abnormal mitochondria in the Rett syndrome. AB - Two girls with Rett syndrome were investigated including muscle biopsy. The electron microscopy study revealed abnormally swollen and dumb-bell shaped mitochondria. Based on the findings of mitochondrial changes it can be assumed that such changes are due to a mitochondrial mutation steered by an X-borne gene mutation. As a result and because the mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited, the male zygote may not be implanted or it will proceed to an early embryonal death. The mitochondrial changes with the ensuing effects may be the basic cause of the syndrome. PMID- 3218708 TI - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and cardiac arrhythmias. AB - A child with several episodes of supraventricular tachycardia was treated in our department from birth to the age of seven years. At this age a diagnosis of Charcot-Marie Tooth disease was made on the basis of the results of clinical and neurophysiological examinations, blood analysis and a neuromuscular biopsy. The association between sensorimotor neuropathies and cardiac involvement is controversial, especially at pediatric ages. We describe a case presenting this association. PMID- 3218709 TI - Spinal somatosensory evoked potentials in infants and children with spinal cord lesions. AB - Spinal somatosensory evoked responses to peroneal nerve stimulation were examined in 23 control subjects and 8 patients with pathological lesions of the spinal cord or peripheral nerve. In the control subjects, the response was found as a triphasic potential increasing in latency rostrally at the lumbar spinous recording location. Another negative potential following this triphasic potential appeared at the L1 to T10 spinous recording locations, which might reflect synaptic and/or post-synaptic activity in the spinal cord. This negative response then progressively increased in latency rostrally. The spinal conduction velocity was higher at the upper thoracic leads than at the lower leads. Three patients with spinal cord atrophy showed disappearance of the spinal evoked potential at the spinous recording location corresponding to the pathological lesion. However, since the triphasic potential at the lumbar spinous lead was undetectable in the patients with lesions of the peripheral nerve or cauda equina, the spinal cord function could not be estimated well in these patients. PMID- 3218710 TI - Late neuropsychologic status after childhood head trauma. AB - A neurologic and neuropsychologic test battery was administered to a sample of 35 children drawn from all those in a defined geographic area who had been hospitalized for head trauma before age 7 during the years 1970-1976. Examination was performed 3 1/2 to 10 years after injury, at age 6-15. Twelve subjects had been diagnosed at the time of injury as suffering moderate insult and had been referred to the metropolitan neurosurgical center, while twenty-three with only mild injury had been retained for observation in a local pediatric ward. The twelve with more severe insult were significantly inferior to the other subjects on the Block Design and Coding subtests of the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The Koppitz score of the Bender Test, the WISC-R scatter, the Benton Visual Retention Test, the GATB Motor Speed Test and the Bourdon-Wiersma Vigilance Test showed less diagnostic power and failed to distinguish between the group with more severe injury and that with less. A detailed and carefully scored neurologic examination also failed to distinguish between the two groups. The findings suggest that relatively common traumatic injury may be associated with detectable late cognitive deficit, and that some WISC-R subtests may be among the best measures for detecting such deficit. PMID- 3218711 TI - Endotoxin-specific chromogenic assay for plasma in pregnant women, umbilical cords, neonates and children. AB - The concentration of endotoxin (Et) was measured by means of a new endotoxin specific assay (Endospecy) in 15 paired samples of maternal and umbilical cord (UC) blood, and 38 neonates and 5 children. The Et levels in maternal and UC blood with normal pregnancy and delivery were 0.8 +/- 0.4 and 1.3 +/- 0.6 pg/ml, respectively. In some cases of premature rupture of the membrane, Et in maternal and UC blood was slightly increased. The level in non-infectious neonates was 6.7 +/- 5.1 pg/ml and that in children less than 10 pg/ml. However, patients with infections showed a high Et level, which decreased on antibiotic treatment. In addition, the pattern of the changes in Et in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not parallel that in plasma. Therefore, in perinatal high-risk babies, the probability of affection with endotoxemia should be considered, but the effects of endotoxin on the central nervous system are presumably indirect because of the low permeability of Et through the blood-CSF-barrier. PMID- 3218712 TI - Bromides were effective in intractable epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and onset in early childhood. AB - Thirty-six children with epilepsy resistant to conventional treatment were treated with bromides in addition to the current therapy. Six out of 19 cases with prevailingly or exclusively generalized tonic-clonic seizures became seizure free and in 9 cases a reduction in seizure frequency of more than 50% was achieved. Freedom from seizures could not be obtained in 13 cases, who had frequent minor seizures in addition to generalized tonic-clonic seizures. In some, minor seizures were even activated. Tonic and focal seizures showed no response. Side effects were observed in one-third of the cases (acne, loss of appetite, loss of weight, fatigue) but in no case they did become intolerable. Fifty to 80 mg potassium bromide per kg body weight seems to be an effective daily dose range. There is a preferential indication of bromides for patients suffering from early onset epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and/or alternating hemi-grand mal, for whom other treatment is ineffective. This disorder is characterized by a high familial incidence of epileptic seizures, onset between 6 months and 3 years of age, normal development until the onset of seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and often alternating hemi-grand mal, seizure precipitation by fever, and occasional combination with or transition to myoclonic-astatic and/or myoclonic seizures. EEG is often normal or shows slight slowing in the initial phase; later it shows theta rhythms and generalized spikes and waves. Especially, if the onset is during the first year of life, the course of the epilepsy is often unfavourable. PMID- 3218713 TI - Marked cerebrospinal fluid collection associated with hepatic failure. AB - We report two cases with abnormal CSF accumulation in the cranium. One case had marked dilatation of the ventricular system, for which a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was carried out. The shunt was not beneficial and it turned out that the patient was suffering from ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. The second case developed marked subdural effusion after fulminating hepatic failure and septicemia, for which drainage of the subdural space and subsequent insertion of Ommaya reservoirs were carried out. In spite of successful CSF control, the outcome was bad, both cases being incapacitated due to severe encephalopathy probably caused by hyperammonemia. The results of serial computed tomographic follow-up are presented. PMID- 3218714 TI - A case of Dandy-Walker malformation: consideration on the teratogenic period and sleep structures. AB - An 11-month-old girl suffering from Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) associated with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is presented. There has been no report describing a case of DWM associated with TOF. Our case may raise a new discussion on the teratogenic period of these anomalies. A polysomnogram was obtained, and basic sleep components, such as the proportion of each sleep stage and the numbers of body movements and rapid eye movements, showed no significant differences from those in the controls, despite hydrocephalus, pachygyria of the cerebral cortex and a large low density area in the posterior fossa. PMID- 3218715 TI - Congenital muscular dystrophy of a non-Fukuyama type. PMID- 3218716 TI - Angiocentric and angiodestructive infiltration of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in the skin. Report of two cases. AB - This report describes the clinical and pathological features of cutaneous lesions observed in a 73-year-old woman with terminal adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and a 42-year-old man who had chronic ATLL with persistent nasal stuffiness and rhinorrhea of 2 years' duration. Histology of the skin lesions from these two cases showed large blood vessel (arterial and venous) involvement at the level of the dermosubcutaneous junction, in which angiocentric and angiodestructive infiltration of the tumor cells was prominent and reminiscent of lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) and/or polymorphic reticulosis. ATLL commonly involves the skin. Moreover, it may originate in the skin. The majority of researchers have observed perivascular and periadnexal infiltration, frequent epidermal exocytosis with Pautrier's microabscesses, and the occasional presence of leukemic cells within the vascular lumen; however, vascular involvement like that seen in our cases has not been described before. Our cases suggest that a variety of T-cell malignancies may be angiocentric and angiodestructive in nature, and that so-called LYG and LYG-like malignant lymphomas are not a single disease, but may constitute a heterogeneous group of T-cell malignancies including ATLL. PMID- 3218717 TI - Ultrastructural characteristics of keloid fibroblasts. AB - Myofibroblasts abound in granulation tissue, where they play an important role in the healing process. We evaluated the characteristics of fibroblasts in ten patients with keloids, a disorder of skin wound repair. Keloid lesions uniformly exhibited numerous fibroblasts with prominent Golgi complexes and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. Although rare fibroblasts exhibited a convoluted nucleus and tangled microfilaments, none could be characterized as myofibroblast, as defined by cytoplasmic myofilaments and cell to cell junctions. We conclude that fibroblast density and activity are increased in keloids, but true myofibroblasts are not a component of these lesions. PMID- 3218718 TI - Basal cell carcinoma with matrical differentiation. Matrical carcinoma. AB - Three unusual cases of basal cell carcinoma showing matrical differentiation as evidenced by the focal presence of "shadow cells" within basaloid islands are described. The term basal cell tumor with matrical differentiation seems to be appropriate for this type of tumor. Its differentiation from other tumors, particularly malignant pilomatricoma, is also discussed. PMID- 3218719 TI - Idiopathic atrophy of the nails. A clinico-pathological study. AB - The clinical and histological appearances of four cases of idiopathic atrophy of the nails are described. The findings do not support previous contentions that lichen planus is the underlying pathological process. PMID- 3218720 TI - Immunohistochemical studies of lymphadenosis benigna cutis occurring in a tattoo. AB - We report the development of a lymphoproliferative reaction in the red areas of a tattoo in a 53-year-old man. The results of histologic and immunohistochemical studies were consistent with a diagnosis of lymphadenosis benigna cutis. Patch tests showed a strong, delayed-type hypersensitivity to several mercury products. The pathogenetic mechanisms operative in the development of this reaction are discussed. PMID- 3218722 TI - Third party payments. The doctor/patient relationship. PMID- 3218721 TI - Metaplastic synovial cyst after partial excision of nevus sebaceus. AB - The metaplastic synovial cyst (synovial metaplasia of the skin) is a recently described intradermal cyst lined by a membrane that resembles hyperplastic synovium. All of the reported cases thus far have occurred in adults after surgical incision. A case of metaplastic synovial cyst after partial excision of nevus sebaceus in a 7-year-old girl is herein reported. Pathogenesis and light microscopic and immunohistochemical features of this case are discussed. PMID- 3218723 TI - [Haptoglobin determination in the serum of patients following intraoperative autotransfusion using the Haemonetics Cell Saver III. Studies on the loading of patients with free hemoglobin in retransfused erythrocyte concentrate]. AB - In addition to hemodilution, mechanical intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) is the most important method of preventing or minimizing the transfusion of homologous blood in operations with major blood loss. Most of the problems associated with IAT could be solved by the use of cell separators, but the separated red blood cells still contain an average of 200 mg/dl free hemoglobin. By the determination of haptoglobin levels before and after IAT, we studied the effects of free hemoglobin on the patient. Seventy-seven patients with hip-joint replacement were studied. In one group, n = 47, both intraoperative blood loss and drainage blood (for 6 h post-operatively) were collected and transfused back to the patient after cell separation with the Haemonetics Cell-Saver III as a red cell concentrate. A second group, n = 34, received only homologous blood. Serum haptoglobin was determined after anesthesia induction and after the last transfusion on the day of operation. There were no significant differences in preoperative haptoglobin levels between both groups. In the IAT group, haptoglobin was significantly lower then in the control group after transfusion (t-test, P = 0.05). In both groups 14% of the patients' haptoglobin levels were pathologic preoperatively. Post-transfusion 60% of the IAT group showed minimum levels while in another 14% no haptoglobin could be measured. In these 14%, free hemoglobin was circulating in the patients' blood because the transport capacity was exhausted. In the control group only 26.5% of the haptoglobin levels were below normal and in no case was transport capacity exhausted (Table 3). The correlation between volume of retransfused autologous blood and decrease in haptoglobin level was small (r = 0.15). In a few cases with low volumes of retransfused blood the haptoglobin decrease may have been greater, so that free hemoglobin may have been present. PMID- 3218724 TI - [Heart catheter dislocation following ventriculo-atrial cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Report of 2 cases]. AB - Implantation of ventriculo-atrial shunt systems for treatment of hydrocephalus internus is a common and useful method. Two cases of cardiac catheter dislocation after adjustment or removal of central venous catheters introduced through the left subclavian vein are reported. Technical and pathophysiological predisposing factors are discussed. Ventriculo-peritoneal drainage is also mentioned as a possibility for avoiding cardiac catheter dislocation. After removal of a central venous catheter in cases of ventriculo-atrial shunts a p.a. X-ray of the chest should be performed. PMID- 3218725 TI - Time-resolved detection of energy transfer: theory and application to immunoassays. AB - Energy-transfer measurements based upon acceptor fluorophore emission are plagued with background fluorescence resulting from absorption of the excitation light by the acceptor fluorophore. The present work examines the use of a long-lifetime donor fluorophore and a short-lifetime acceptor fluorophore, combined with pulsed laser excitation and electronic gating of detector signals, to separate the component of acceptor emission due to energy transfer from the component due to absorption of the excitation light. Theoretical equations describing the acceptor fluorescence and integrated acceptor fluorescence show that increasing the integration delay relative to the excitation pulse should greatly enhance detection of the energy-transfer component. The time-resolved detection of energy transfer was tested in a competitive immunoassay format in which antibodies to human immunoglobulin G (IgG) F(ab')2 fragments were covalently labeled with pyrenebutyrate (tau = 100 ns) and IgG Fab' fragments were covalently labeled with B-phycoerythrin (tau = 2.5 ns). Solutions containing these two conjugates exhibited energy transfer from the pyrenebutyrate to the B-phycoerythrin upon excitation with a nitrogen laser. Acceptor emission was measured with 0- and 20 ns integration delays and the ratios of the energy-transfer component to the laser-excited component were found to increase by 9- to 15-fold when the 20-ns delay was used in three series of immunoassays. Good agreement between the experimental data and theory was obtained following convolution of the theoretical fluorescence responses with the instrumental response of the fluorometer. PMID- 3218726 TI - Low-density lipoprotein preparation by combined diafiltration and ultracentrifugation. AB - A method for isolating low-density lipoprotein by combining diafiltration and ultracentrifugation is described. Diafiltration separates plasma components by use of an ultrafiltration membrane that excludes particles of molecular weight greater than 300,000. The retentate is concentrated three- to fourfold by ultrafiltration, allowing large-scale preparation of low-density lipoprotein. Low density lipoprotein prepared in this manner is similar in physical, chemical, and biologic properties to low-density lipoprotein isolated by sequential density ultracentrifugation alone. When low-density lipoprotein, prepared by either method, was added to human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures, no cytotoxicity was observed. The techniques described reduce the demand on multiple rotors and ultracentrifuges for large-scale preparation of low-density lipoprotein suitable and often needed for tissue culture studies. PMID- 3218727 TI - Affinity chromatography of fibrinogen on Lens culinaris agglutinin immobilized on CNBr-activated sepharose: study of the active groups involved in nonspecific adsorption. AB - Fibrinogen binds specifically to Lens culinaris agglutinin coupled to CNBr activated Sepharose. However, a fraction of the retained fibrinogen remains tightly bound to the gel and is eluted only by electrophoretic desorption. The irreversible binding of fibrinogen results from the interaction of fibrinogen specifically bound to the immobilized lectin with some reactive groups still present on the Sepharose matrix. Therefore, the active groups present on lectin Sepharose after different treatments and their influence on the irreversible binding of fibrinogen have been studied. After the coupling step some cyanate esters remain on the gel, but they are neutralized under all the conditions studied. In addition, imidocarbonates formed under the basic conditions used to activate Sepharose, and carbonates resulting from acid treatment of the gel, are also present. Carbonates seem to be the main active groups involved in the irreversible binding of fibrinogen to lectin-Sepharose. Imidocarbonates also contribute to the nonspecific binding, although to a lesser extent than carbonates. Treatment of CNBr-activated Sepharose with 0.1 M HCl prior to the coupling step and neutralization, after coupling, with 0.1 M ethanolamine, pH 9.5, for 24 h at room temperature reduce the nonspecific binding to less than 9% of the fibrinogen fraction retained by the column. This percentage is appreciably smaller than that obtained by neutralization for 2 h at room temperature with either 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.0 (congruent to 66%), or 1 M ethanolamine, pH 9.0 (congruent to 23%). PMID- 3218728 TI - Data-sieving hydrophobicity plots. AB - Hydrophobicity plots provide clues to the tertiary structure of proteins (J. Kyte and R. F. Doolittle, 1982, J. Mol. Biol. 157, 105; C. Chothia, 1984, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53, 537; T. P. Hopp and K. R. Woods, 1982, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 3824). To render domains more visible, the raw data are usually smoothed using a running mean of between 5 and 19 amino acids. This type of smoothing still incorporates two disadvantages. First, peculiar residues that do not share the properties of most of the amino acids in the domain may prevent its identification. Second, as a low-pass frequency filter the running mean smoothes sudden transitions from one domain, or phase, to another. Data-sieving is described here as an alternative method for identifying domains within amino acid sequences. The data-sieve is based on a running median and is characterized by a single parameter, the mesh size, which controls its resolution. It is a technique that could be applied to other series data and, in multidimensions, to images in the same way as a median filter. PMID- 3218729 TI - Zinc chelatase in human lymphocytes: detection of the enzymatic defect in erythropoietic protoporphyria. AB - We describe a fluorometric assay for heme synthetase, the enzyme that is genetically deficient in erythropoietic protoporphyria. The method, which can readily detect activity in 1 microliter of packed human lymphocytes, is based on the formation of zinc protoheme from protoporphyrin IX. That zinc chelatase and ferrochelatase activities reside in the same enzyme was shown by the competitive action of ferrous ions and the inhibitory effects of N-methyl protoporphyrin (a specific inhibitor of heme synthetase) on zinc chelatase. The Km for zinc was 11 micrograms and that for protoporphyrin IX was 6 microM. The Ki fro ferrous ions was 14 microM. Zinc chelatase was reduced to 15.3% of the mean control activity in lymphocytes obtained from patients with protoporphyria, thus confirming the defect of heme biosynthesis in this disorder. The assay should prove to be useful for determining heme synthetase in tissues with low specific activity and to investigate further the enzymatic defect in protoporphyria. PMID- 3218730 TI - Reductive release of ferritin iron: a kinetic assay. AB - Ferritin iron release, a process of considerable interest in biology and medicine, occurs most readily in the presence of reducing agents. Here is described a kinetic assay for measuring the rate of ferritin iron removal promoted by various reductants. The new procedure uses ferrozine as a chromophoric, high-affinity chelator for the product, Fe(II). The initial rate of iron release is quantified by continuous spectrophotometric measurement of the Fe(ferrozine)2/3+ complex which absorbs maximally at 562 nm. The initial rate of iron mobilization is dependent on reductant concentration, but not on the concentration of the chelating agent, ferrozine. Saturation kinetics are observed for all reductants, including dihydroxyfumarate, cysteine, caffeic acid, ascorbate, and glutathione. Superoxide dismutase greatly inhibits ferritin iron release by ascorbate, but has little or no effect on the reducing action of dihydroxyfumarate, cysteine, caffeic acid, or glutathione. Ferritin iron removal by dihydroxyfumarate was inhibited by various metal ions. This new assay may be used for rapid screening of test compounds for treatment of iron overload and for investigation of the mechanistic aspects of ferritin iron reduction. PMID- 3218731 TI - Measurement of the affinities of heparins, naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans, and other sulfated polymers for antithrombin III and thrombin. AB - Heparin, other glycosaminoglycans, and synthetic sulfated polymers have antithrombotic and anticoagulant activities, which may be mediated through a range of interactions with different proteins. A simple, quantitative method has been developed for assessing the affinity of interaction between sulfated polymers and proteins in the liquid phase. This has been used to compare the binding of a range of glycosaminoglycans and other sulfated polymers to antithrombin III and thrombin, a major inhibitor of and a central protease in the coagulation system, respectively. The results are consistent with the binding of naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans to antithrombin III solely through the well-defined antithrombin III-binding pentasaccharide found in heparin, the apparent affinity of a preparation depending upon its content of this pentasaccharide. Highly sulfated synthetic polymers will, however, bind antithrombin III by a second mechanism. The affinity of heparin for thrombin decreased with decreasing molecular weight. However, results obtained with heparan sulfate preparations did not indicate any clear relationship between either molecular weight or sulfate content and thrombin binding, but suggested that there may be an oligosaccharide sequence containing N-sulfate residues which confers high affinity for thrombin. In addition, some of the synthetic sulfated polymers bound thrombin with very high affinity. PMID- 3218732 TI - Prevention of aggregation of synthetic membrane-spanning peptides by addition of detergent. AB - In our initial attempts to solubilize and purify a chemically synthesized 22 amino acid, membrane-spanning peptide, we encountered numerous difficulties. The peptide was not soluble in dilute acids, organic solvents, or chaotropic agents (+/- detergent) following standard HF cleavage protocols. The insolubility was a direct result of the formation of peptide-(peptide)n aggregates that occurred during the initial phase of isolation, i.e., during the HF cleavage. Eliminating the ether precipitation and subsequent washes did not decrease the degree of aggregation of the product. Inclusion of nonionic detergents in the HF-cleavage reactions displayed little ability in preventing aggregation. Cleavage in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, however, dramatically reduced the degree of aggregation, even after washing with organic solvents. The cleaved peptide was purified to homogeneity using a detergent-based HPLC protocol. This column procedure also permits the quantitative exchange of the sodium dodecyl sulfate for n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Combined use of the two protocols results in high-yield isolations for a class of peptides that is generally difficult to handle. PMID- 3218733 TI - Detection of cellulose-binding proteins in electrophoresis gels by filter paper affinity blotting. AB - Proteins separated in electrophoresis gels were tested for the ability to bind cellulose by a simple blotting procedure. Proteins were blotted onto Whatman No. 1 filter paper by diffusion or by electrophoretic transfer and detected by Coomassie blue staining. Certain proteins released into culture supernatant by Bacteroides succinogenes NR9 (ATCC 43854) adhered strongly to cellulose, but were not found to have carboxymethylcellulose activity. Boiling of samples prior to electrophoresis eliminated the ability of proteins to bind to cellulose. Proteins that did not adhere to filter paper cellulose were detected on a nitrocellulose membrane placed behind the filter paper during electrophoretic transfer. The technique, referred to as filter paper affinity blotting, detects cellulose binding proteins with great sensitivity. PMID- 3218734 TI - A quantitative method for analyzing specific DNA sequences directly from whole cells. AB - A quick, accurate assay for specific DNA sequences is described in which whole cells are treated with 0.4 M sodium hydroxide at 80 degrees C. DNA is relatively resistant to alkaline hydrolysis, whereas proteins and RNA are degraded rapidly. The DNA in NaOH is then transferred through a slot directly onto a nylon membrane and hybridized with a probe. Since the procedure is so simple, many samples can be analyzed in a short time. A single-copy gene can be detected in as few as 1000 cells and, since the DNA from 10(5) cells can be loaded through a single slot, the sensitivity is sufficient to detect one specific DNA sequence per 100 cells. Accurate quantitative analysis can be achieved by normalizing the amount of DNA available for hybridization in each slot, using a probe derived from total DNA. PMID- 3218735 TI - Labeling methods for the study of poly- and mono(ADP-ribose) metabolism in cultured cells. AB - Methods are described for the radiolabeling and determination of NAD+, poly(ADP ribose), and protein-bound monomers of ADP-ribose in cultured mammalian cells. The adenine nucleotide pools of confluent monolayer cell cultures are radiolabeled using high-specific-activity [3H]adenine. Following any desired experimental manipulation, cultures are treated with trichloroacetic acid. Radiolabel in NAD+ can be rapidly determined from the acid-soluble fraction using dihydroxyboronyl Sepharose (DHB-Sepharose). The acid-insoluble material can be analyzed for radiolabeled polymers of ADP-ribose and protein-bound monomers of ADP-ribose. Polymers are separated from interfering material using dihydroxyboronyl-Bio-Rex 70 (DHB-Bio-Rex). Protein-bound monomers are separated from noncovalently bound ADP-ribose and different classes of (ADP-ribosyl) protein linkages are released by specific chemical treatments. The released ADP ribose is then separated from interfering materials using DHB-Bio-Rex and DHB Sepharose. Control experiments have demonstrated the sensitivity, selectivity, and precision of the methods. Major advantages of the methods are that they allow many simultaneous determinations and all components can be determined from material derived from a single dish of cultured cells. The methods should prove useful for detailed studies of the metabolism of both protein-bound monomers and polymers of ADP-ribose in cultured mammalian cells. PMID- 3218736 TI - Differential refractometric determination of binding of sodium dodecyl sulfate to protein using high-performance gel chromatography. AB - When sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is added to a high-performance gel chromatographic column equilibrated with a buffer solution containing SDS at a level above the critical micelle concentration, the surplus SDS migrates as micelles giving a sharp peak. The presence of an unfolded protein in the sample solution gives a polypeptide peak in advance of the SDS micelle peak. As the result of SDS binding to the polypeptide, the SDS micelle peak is attenuated in comparison to that in the absence of protein. Thus the amount of SDS bound to the polypeptide can be determined accurately and simply from the decrease in the area of the SDS micelle peak. This approach is particularly useful for precise determination of bound SDS, which is pertinent to understanding the state of the protein polypeptide-SDS complex under the conditions of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3218737 TI - Automation of data acquisition and processing in assays for anchorage-independent growth: application to the purification of epithelial transforming growth factor. AB - We have developed a method for automated data collection from anchorage independent growth assays by direct interfacing of an Omnicon image analysis system with a VAX mainframe computer network. By use of this interface, data generated with the Omnicon can be acquired and manipulated by the VAX, providing several advantages including high throughput, elimination of operator error, flexibility and speed, and capacity of mainframe data processing. We have applied these techniques to aid in the purification of a novel growth factor for human epithelial cells. Both column elution profiles and dose-response data were processed to graphic formats, and ED50 values for the individual purification steps were obtained by Hill transformation of the dose-response curves. The assay for anchorage-independent growth is widely used for purification of growth factors and testing of chemotherapeutic agents against human tumor cells. The present technique should be useful in facilitating these labor-intensive studies. PMID- 3218738 TI - Dithiothreitol and amino acids interfere with the fluorometric determination of glutathione with orthophthaldehyde. AB - The reaction of orthophthaldehyde with glutathione at pH 8.0 is commonly employed as a specific fluorometric assay for glutathione. However, this method has been reported to overestimate the glutathione concentration when compared with either enzymatic or HPLC-based methods. We have found that amino acids and other thiols interfere in the reaction of glutathione with orthophthaldehyde, causing erroneous estimates of glutathione concentration. The extent of this interference is described. PMID- 3218739 TI - Separation and o-phthaldehyde fluorometric determination of 5-hydroxy- and 5 methoxyindoleamines by thin-layer chromatography: selected applications. AB - Individual 5-hydroxyindoles and 5-methoxyindoles were simultaneously isolated and quantified, after o-phthaldehyde condensation in different concentrations of HCl, followed by separation on silica gel plates. The 5-hydroxyindoleamines and 5 methoxyindoleamines were differentiated by intense orange and blue fluorescences, respectively. Distinct Rf values with new phase composition and optimal HCl concentrations in the condensation reaction were established for each of the nine indoleamines tested. Minimal detectable doses ranged from 0.2 ng for 5 methoxytryptophol to 4 ng for 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid. The above methodology was applied in order to determine platelet serotonin. Preliminary results suggest that this method could be adapted to other selected biological samples. PMID- 3218740 TI - Analysis of ligand-binding data without knowledge of bound or free ligand molar concentration. AB - A method is proposed to set the parameters in a nonlinear regression procedure to determine the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) and the high affinity receptor concentration (Bmax) of systems consisting of one ligand, one high affinity receptor, and n low affinity binding sites. This method is suitable when neither bound or free ligand formal concentrations nor the maximum of the binding signal can be deduced from the experimental data. The method makes use of (i) the abscissa of the first inflection point of the plot of any signal proportional to the binding of ligand to receptors versus the logarithm of the total ligand concentration, and (ii) the initial slope of the saturation curve plotted in direct coordinates. We first demonstrate that when such an inflection point exists, its abscissa lies between Bmax/2 + Kd(1 + d) and Bmax + 2Kd(1 + d), where d is a parameter representative of the binding to the low affinity sites. Second, we demonstrate that the initial slopes of two saturation curves in direct coordinates, where Bmax varies by a known factor, allows an estimation of the Bmax/Kd ratio, within certain limits. From these two sets of data it is subsequently possible to define a precise window for the values of both Bmax and Kd. The performance of the method has been evaluated in representative cases using Monte Carlo studies. The results establish conditions for the existence of an inflection point as well as the influence of low affinity binding, whether or not proportional to Bmax. PMID- 3218742 TI - Enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies to study conformational changes of human serum albumin. AB - A method for studying conformational changes induced in the human albumin molecule, either in its purified form or in serum, is described. Plates were coated with albumin or human serum at varying pHs and were reacted with peroxidase-labeled anti-albumin monoclonal antibodies of different specificities. The data showed that albumin molecules were coated in conformations induced as a result of pH changes, allowing us to demonstrate that pH modifications involved the N-terminal portion of the albumin molecule whether in its purified form or in serum. This method should be applicable to the study of conformational modifications in other proteins as well. PMID- 3218741 TI - Continuous spectrophotometric assays for cytosolic epoxide hydrolase. AB - Two convenient and sensitive continuous spectrophotometric assays for cytosolic epoxide hydrolase are described. The assays are based on the differences in the ultraviolet spectra of the epoxide substrates and their diol products. The hydrolysis of 1,2-epoxy-1-(p-nitrophenyl)pentane (ENP5) is accompanied by a decrease in absorbance at 302 nm, while the hydration of 1,2-epoxy-1-(2 quinolyl)pentane (EQU5) produces an increase in absorbance at 315.5 nm. The Km, Vmax values for ENP5 and EQU5 with purified mouse liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolase were 1.7 microM, 11,700 nmol/min/mg and 25 microM, 8300 nmol/min/mg, respectively. Both substrates are hydrolyzed significantly faster than trans stilbene oxide, which is currently the most commonly used substrate for measuring cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity. No spontaneous hydrolysis of the substrates is detectable under normal assay conditions. The assays are applicable to whole tissue homogenates as well as purified enzyme preparations. p-Nitrostyrene oxide and p-nitrophenyl glycidyl ether were also examined and found to be very poor substrates for cytosolic epoxide hydrolase from mouse liver. PMID- 3218743 TI - AraUTP-Affi-Gel 10: a novel affinity absorbent for the specific purification of DNA polymerase alpha-primase. AB - For the specific purification of eukaryotic DNA-dependent DNA polymerase alpha, we prepared two novel affinity resins bearing 5-(E)-(4-aminostyryl) araUTP as a ligand. One of them was araUTP-Sepharose 4B which was coupled directly with the ligand and the other was araUTP-Affi-Gel 10 which was coupled with the ligand through a spacer. No DNA polymerase alpha-primase activity from cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) testes was bound on the araUTP-Sepharose 4B in all cases examined. On the other hand, the araUTP-Affi-Gel 10 retains this enzyme activity when poly(dA) or poly(dA)-oligo(dT)12-18 is present. The retained enzyme activity was sharply eluted around 100-mM KCl concentrations as a single peak, and this fraction showed a specific activity of about 170,000 units/mg as alpha-polymerase activity. The highly purified DNA polymerase alpha-primase isolated using the araUTP-Affi-Gel 10 contained only three polypeptides, which showed Mr values of 120,000, 62,000, and 58,000, respectively, as judged using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3218744 TI - Determination of brush border membrane vesicle orientation using monoclonal antibodies recognizing extracytoplasmic and cytoplasmic domains of neutral endopeptidase-24.11. AB - A method for determination of the orientation and integrity of brush border membrane vesicles is described. The method takes advantage of the availability of two monoclonal antibodies, 23B11 and 2B12, which recognize a cytoplasmic and an extracytoplasmic domain, respectively, of the neutral endopeptidase-24.11. Specific binding of the antibodies to intact kidney brush border vesicles or to vesicles permeabilized by digitonin is detected by fluorescence using an anti mouse immunoglobulin G-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate. The method allows discrimination between right side out, inside out, and unsealed vesicles. It requires limited amounts of material and can be completed the day of the brush border vesicle preparation. Application to rabbit kidney brush border membranes freshly prepared led to values of 89, 8, and 3% for right side out, inside out, and unsealed vesicles, respectively. Storage at low temperature was associated with a marked increase in the proportion of unsealed vesicles. PMID- 3218745 TI - Mixed anionic detergent/aliphatic alcohol-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis alters the separation of proteins relative to conventional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - The order and relative mobility of proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is affected by unknown components that are differentially present in SDS preparations obtained from different sources [J.B. Swaney, G.F. Vande Woude, and H.L. Bachrach (1974) Anal. Biochem. 58, 337-346]. The modified separation capabilities of such SDS preparations are useful but the use of this phenomenon in a controlled manner requires that the components responsible for the altered separation be identified. Accordingly, this paper describes a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system [mixed alcohol/detergent-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (MAD-PAGE)] that employs a mixture of alcohol and detergent instead of SDS alone to modify and enhance protein separation relative to conventional SDS-PAGE. A defined mixture consisting of four sulfated alkyl detergents (dodecyl sulfate, tetradecyl sulfate, hexadecyl sulfate, octadecyl sulfate) as well as the four alcohols of corresponding aliphatic chain length was found to be effective at duplicating the electrophoretic effect of USP-grade SDS and thus changed the relative order and position of polypeptides on electrophoresis relative to conventional SDS-PAGE. This method serves as an adjunct to conventional SDS-PAGE by providing another means of resolving proteins that are not normally resolved by SDS-PAGE. Further, it was found that MAD-PAGE is capable of resolving the NS1 protein of influenza virus into three fractions, whereas conventional SDS-PAGE yields one electrophoretic species. Reelectrophoresis of these novel NS1 bands by conventional SDS-PAGE indicated that they were not modified during MAD-PAGE and probably represented distinct molecular forms present in infected cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3218746 TI - The identification of furanose and pyranose ring forms of the reducing units of oligosaccharides. AB - Several types of oligosaccharides with glucose, arabinose, or galactose units have been prepared by chemical degradation of oligosaccharides of known structures and by enzymatic syntheses utilizing macerans amylase or yeast galactosyltransferase and appropriate substrates and cosubstrates. The ring forms of reducing units of these oligosaccharides and of oligosaccharides composed of glucose and mannose have been identified by a combined method of analysis based on methylation, gas-liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. In the dimethyl sulfoxide solvent used for the methylations, the oligosaccharides with arabinose or galactose units at the reducing ends occur as arabinofuranose or galactofuranose ring forms to the extent of 55 and 65%, respectively. The remainder of these monosaccharide units are present in the pyranose ring form. Oligosaccharides with glucose or mannose units at the reducing ends occur primarily in the pyranose ring form. An interesting observation is the finding that the reducing units which carry substituents linked by alpha-glycosidic linkages occur in a higher percentage in the furanose ring forms than those which carry substituents linked by beta-glycosidic linkages. PMID- 3218747 TI - Determination of peroxidative halogenation in mixtures of chloride and bromide. AB - A method for the differentiation of chlorinated and brominated products from peroxidative oxidation of mixtures of the halides is presented. Chlorination or bromination of monochlorodimedone (MCD) by fungal chloroperoxidase (CPO) was measured by loss of MCD absorbance. Although the Vmax was similar for both halides [approximately 0.08 mM (2 min)-1], the apparent Km for chlorination was 10 times greater than that for bromination (5.88 vs 0.67 mM). Chlorination was also quantitated as I3- produced from N-chlorotaurine and I-. The Vmax [0.076 mM (2 min)-1] and apparent Km (6.31 mM) determined by this method agreed with those determined with MCD. Selective reduction by H2O2 of the I-oxidizing potential of N-bromotaurine allowed determination of the brominated product from the difference between the amounts of halogenated MCD and N-chlorotaurine. The brominated product predominated at saturating and at physiologic halide levels. Hence, it is suggested that Br- plays a significant role in halogenation even though in vivo levels of Cl- are equal to or greater than 1000 times those Br-. PMID- 3218748 TI - Phosphorimeters for analysis of decay profiles and real time monitoring of exponential decay and oxygen concentrations. AB - A phosphorimeter which can be assembled at low cost from mainly commercially available components and which has better time resolution, data acquisition rate, sensitivity, and flexibility than commercially available instruments is described. As a phosphorescence analyzer the instrument can measure phosphorescence lifetimes ranging from approximately 30 microseconds to seconds from samples with variable intensity, excitation, and emission spectra and which may follow complex decay behavior. Configured as a phosphorescence monitor it is designed for fast, repetitive calculation of phosphorescence lifetime, assuming single-exponential decay, and can be used to calculate oxygen concentration in biological samples in real time. PMID- 3218749 TI - Investigation of poly(L-amino acids) by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. PMID- 3218750 TI - Liquid chromatographic separation of phosphorus oxo acids and other anions with postcolumn indirect fluorescence detection by aluminum-morin. PMID- 3218751 TI - Resonant two-photon ionization of enkephalins and related peptides volatilized by using pulsed laser desorption in supersonic beam mass spectrometry. PMID- 3218752 TI - Quantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry. PMID- 3218753 TI - High-resolution mass spectrometric determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p dioxins and dibenzofurans using an alternative lockmass system. PMID- 3218754 TI - Corrections for secondary relaxation in exponentially programmed field-flow fractionation. PMID- 3218756 TI - Analytical biotechnology. PMID- 3218755 TI - Elimination of the asymmetry in neutral-carrier-based solvent polymeric membranes induced by proteins. PMID- 3218757 TI - Plutonium from atmospheric weapons testing: fission track analysis of urine samples. PMID- 3218758 TI - Use of gelatin in the differential-pulse polarographic determination and identification of synthetic colouring matters in drugs and cosmetics. PMID- 3218759 TI - Electrochemical study of the hallucinogen (+-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2 aminopropane. PMID- 3218760 TI - Simultaneous determination of methyl salicylate and thymol in various pharmaceutical formulations by differential-pulse voltammetry using a glassy carbon electrode. PMID- 3218763 TI - Iodimetric determination of penicillins by a triangle programmed flow-through titration technique. PMID- 3218762 TI - Potentiometric monitoring of proteins. Part IV. Application to electrophoresis gels. PMID- 3218761 TI - Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry of amethopterine at a static mercury drop electrode and its application to serum drug determination. PMID- 3218764 TI - Determination of cefotaxime, desacetylcefotaxime, cefmenoxime and ceftizoxime in biological samples by fluorescence detection after separation by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 3218765 TI - Determination of arprinocid in poultry feeds by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analytical Methods Committee. PMID- 3218766 TI - Determination of non-protein-bound zinc in human serum using ultrafiltration and atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomisation. PMID- 3218767 TI - Determination of chromium in human urine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman-effect background correction. PMID- 3218768 TI - Evaluation of certain pharmaceuticals with hexamminecobalt(III)- tricarbonatocobaltate(III). Part 2. Potentiometric determination of some antimony(III) compounds. PMID- 3218769 TI - [Changes in hemodynamics and the functional state of the myocardium in trauma and blood loss]. PMID- 3218770 TI - [Prognostic significance of the central hemodynamic reaction to functional tests in patients operated on for acquired heart defects]. PMID- 3218771 TI - [Diagnostic importance of a biochemical analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid after craniocerebral trauma]. PMID- 3218772 TI - [A comparison of methods for protecting the myocardium from hypoxia during heart valve prosthesis]. PMID- 3218773 TI - [Evaluation of the general hypothermic protection of patients undergoing surgical correction of mitral insufficiency based on hemodynamic and gas exchange data]. PMID- 3218774 TI - [Use of cardiac glycosides in the intensive therapy of heart surgery patients]. PMID- 3218775 TI - [Function of the circulatory system under general anesthesia with fentanyl and kalipsol in children with urologic diseases]. PMID- 3218776 TI - [Hemodynamic evaluation and intensive therapy following the hemodynamic correction of complex congenital heart defects (Fontan's operation)]. PMID- 3218777 TI - [The surface architectonics of erythrocytes in patients with severe trauma and blood loss]. PMID- 3218779 TI - [Endogenous intoxication in patients with encephalopathies caused by critical states and resuscitation]. PMID- 3218778 TI - [A low-molecular blood serum factor suppressing myocardial function in traumatic shock complicated by massive blood loss]. PMID- 3218780 TI - [Corticosteroid reaction of the adrenals in patients with sepsis before and after hemosorption]. PMID- 3218781 TI - [Programs of infusion and transfusion therapy for obstetric and gynecologic patients in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 3218782 TI - [Advanced instruction in anesthesiology and resuscitation studies]. PMID- 3218783 TI - [The choice of regimen for high-frequency jet ventilation of the lungs during fiber bronchoscopy via intubation tube in patients with postoperative respiratory failure]. PMID- 3218784 TI - [Resuscitation and combined therapy of exotoxic shock caused by methemoglobin forming poisons]. PMID- 3218785 TI - [Hemodynamic changes during general anesthesia with kalipsol in children with hypovolemia]. PMID- 3218786 TI - [Changes in central hemodynamics and microcirculation in patients with hepatobiliary pathology undergoing operations using ketamine, neuroleptanalgesia and epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 3218787 TI - [The hemostatic system during and after surgery in lung cancer patients and its role in the development of postoperative complications]. PMID- 3218788 TI - [Assessment of the degree of severity of the status of resuscitated patients by parameters of the oxygen transport system]. PMID- 3218789 TI - [Use of an expert system as a tool to carry out urinary cyto-bacteriologic tests]. AB - An expert system for urine examinations was developed. Its validation was performed in a routine work, by comparison of expert decisions with software conclusions. Results of finished examinations or in progress were taken into account. The agreement was satisfactory. In addition to reliability, advantages constituted by availability, flexibility and adaptability were notified. Repeatability and reproducibility were also emphasized. PMID- 3218790 TI - [The coefficient of saturation of iron in transferrin]. AB - Theoretical iron fixation capacity of transferrin (FCT) can be calculated on its immunochemical titration: (FCT (mumol/l = transferrin (g/l) x 25). Today, its reckoning is more advisable to serum total iron binding capacity measurement. The authors studied the effects of this new proceeding upon usual values interval of transferrin saturation (i.e. serum iron/FCT ratio). The mean value and the distribution of transferrin saturation appear displaced with regard to those achieved by chemical measurement of serum total iron binding capacity. We discuss interpretation of transferrin saturation related to its methods of determination and its semiological interest. PMID- 3218791 TI - [Activated thromboplastin time, plasma heparin and plasma fibrinogen using the Fibrintimer 10]. AB - After a thorough study, and having chosen the machine that is to equip an average sized haemostasis laboratory, the installation then requires certain steps (the reorganisation of work, better adapted reagents, a change of normality, a fine tuning of the technics, the time to get used to the machine). In this perspective, this work describes the regulation of the technic to determine the heparin activity on the Fibrintimer 10 (F 10) by chronometry (thrombin clotting time with variable concentration), a study of the repeatability and reproducibility of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), plasma heparin (HEP) and fibrinogen on the Fibrintimer 10, a study of the correlation between the results we got with the F 10 and the thermostat water-bath for the APTT and the HEP and between those we got on the F 10 and the fibrometer for the fibrinogen. The F 10 has allowed us to save more time whilst keeping the same technics and reagents. The determination of the heparin activity, by thrombin clotting time with variable concentration, gives us a method which is quick, cheap and useful for the following-up of the patients undergoing a treatment with standard heparin. The reproducibility and repeatability prove to be good for the 3 tests in our operatory conditions as well as the correlations between the results we get with both methods. PMID- 3218793 TI - Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers: an addendum. A report of a Task Group of Committee 2 of the International Commission of Radological Protection. PMID- 3218792 TI - [The value of pretreatment of jaundiced blood or plasma with peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide on the kinetic level of creatinine using the Jaffe technic. Use of the IL 508 analyzer]. PMID- 3218795 TI - [Transplanted rat retina do not project in a topographic order to the host brain]. PMID- 3218794 TI - [Interhemispheric communication during development: various rearrangement strategies in subcortical-cortical systems]. PMID- 3218796 TI - [Role of the cerebellar vermis in the long term habituation of the acoustic startle response in the rat]. PMID- 3218797 TI - [Visceral and somatic responses elicited from the posterior cerebellar cortex in the conscious rabbit]. PMID- 3218798 TI - [Functional intrinsic innervation of the circular smooth muscle of the esophagus in the opossum]. PMID- 3218799 TI - [Dopaminergic transmission in mammalian striatum: electrophysiologic and pharmacologic studies]. PMID- 3218800 TI - [Neuroantibodies: expression of specific monoclonal antibodies in cells of the nervous system]. PMID- 3218801 TI - [Production of PAF (1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) in the chick retina during embryogenesis]. PMID- 3218802 TI - [Effects of the administration of various cholecystokinin fragments on dopamine release in basal ganglia: a microdialysis study in halothane anesthetized rats]. PMID- 3218804 TI - [Ontogeny of GABAergic modulation on locomotor activity and pain reactivity in mice]. PMID- 3218803 TI - [Functional relation of dopamine receptor stimulation and ionic fluxes in lactotroph cells]. PMID- 3218806 TI - [Allocation of attention across the main meridians of the visual field]. PMID- 3218805 TI - [ACTH and eating behavior]. PMID- 3218807 TI - [Intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins of the A, M, D classes in multiple sclerosis and in other inflammatory pathologies of the nervous system]. PMID- 3218808 TI - [Stiff-man syndrome and type I diabetes mellitus: a common autoimmune pathogenesis?]. PMID- 3218809 TI - [Residual visual abilities in man after a lesion in the occipital lobe]. PMID- 3218810 TI - [Questionnaire on the health surveillance of laboratory animals in Italy]. PMID- 3218811 TI - [ERA rabies vaccinal strain in guinea pigs infected with CVS rabies strain]. PMID- 3218812 TI - Acetylcholine in ophthalmology: a revisit. PMID- 3218813 TI - Innovations and creativity in contemporary ophthalmology: preliminary experience with the phakic myopic intraocular lens. AB - For years, American ophthalmology has considered alternative modes of treatment for myopia. Clearly, certain degrees of high myopia are unsuitable for spectacle correction. Contact lenses are an improvement over spectacles but are not without complications. The introduction of radial keratotomy by Fyodorov led to a proliferation of procedures for the treatment of myopia by surgically altering the cornea. Verzella later introduced the concept of clear lensectomy with low power implants for the correction of myopia. Although phakic myopic intraocular lenses were tried and abandoned in the 1950s, it is my contention that this modality should be reconsidered. I discuss some preliminary experiences with the phakic myopic intraocular lens. PMID- 3218814 TI - Endolaser photocoagulation of toxoplasmosis. AB - Traditional medical treatment regimens for toxoplasmosis using such agents as sulfadiazine, clindamycin, pyrimethamine, and prednisone may not be effective always. Alternative methods of treatment such as diathermy and cryotherapy have been advocated. Photocoagulation has been used with some effect. In advanced cases vitreous opacification may preclude external photocoagulation technique. Two cases are presented in which vitrectomy and endolaser photocoagulation techniques were used. Endolaser treatment may be done in situations where vitreous opacification may preclude other methods. PMID- 3218815 TI - Systemic sarcoidosis presenting initially with bilateral orbital and upper lid masses. AB - A patient with systemic sarcoidosis presented initially with bilateral orbital and upper lid masses. Computed tomographic scan showed bilateral anterior orbital and upper lid masses, diffuse irregular thickening of the rectus muscles, circumferential cuffing of both globes, and irregular thickening of the distal portion of the right optic nerve sheath. A biopsy specimen of the right upper lid mass showed fibroadipose tissue with multiple noncaseating granulomas. Bilateral pulmonary hilar lymphadenopathy, a positive gallium scan, anergy by skin testing, and the presence of erythema nodosum confirmed the diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis. PMID- 3218816 TI - An unusual case of floppy eyelid syndrome. AB - A 51-year-old obese man with a history of nocturnal upper eyelid eversion secondary to floppy eyelids presented with a Staphylococcus aureus corneal ulcer. No papillary conjunctivitis was present. The corneal ulcer was treated successfully. This case demonstrates the importance of ruling out spontaneous nocturnal lid eversion as a cause for unexplained ocular surface pathology and emphasizes the fact that the floppy eyelid syndrome may present in the absence of classic papillary conjunctivitis. PMID- 3218817 TI - Photocoagulation of large iris cysts. AB - Large epithelial iris cysts, whose anterior walls are in contact with the corneal endothelium, are difficult to treat. Initial surgical decompression with later argon laser photocoagulation has been advocated, but the attendant complications are many. In four patients, we barraged the posterior wall of the cyst and the surrounding iris with the argon laser. The cyst was then collapsed using the argon or neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser, and the anterior wall, which fell away from the cornea, was then photocoagulated. No recurrences or untoward sequelae were seen on follow-up. We recommend this noninvasive technique for all large iris cysts. PMID- 3218818 TI - Removal of anterior chamber intraocular lenses: a surgical technique. AB - With the increasing trend toward intraocular lens implantation we are finding more cases in which explantation is indicated. The criteria and surgical techniques for explanation should be individualized depending on the type of lens. We describe removal of anterior chamber intraocular lenses. PMID- 3218819 TI - Extracapsular extraction and anterior-chamber flexible lens implantation. AB - Extracapsular extraction with anterior-chamber lens implantation is a method which has a place in cataract surgery. We discuss 60 cases of cataract operated on by this method and its advantages. We had good results in cases without glaucoma, keratopathy, or diabetes mellitus, and depending on the ease with which a posterior capsulotomy was done, where this was imperative, without the risks of the YAG laser capsulotomy. PMID- 3218820 TI - [The base of the nose in corrective rhinoplasty]. AB - The authors describe a study of the labio-columellar region and of the alae of the nose in corrective rhinoplasty excluding malformations. Esthetic characteristics and the anatomical structure of this junctional area between the mobile nose and the facial plane are revealed. Surgical problems are analyzed with study in succession of surgical approaches, maxillo-septal angle, the columella, the maxilla, the muscular layer and the alo-jugal junction. Surgical techniques which can be divided into inferior septoplasties, columelloplasty and labio-columelloplasty have precise indications in accordance with the type of formation of the labio-columellar region. A technique of nostril resection with the absence of damage to and shortening plasty of the muscle layer is described. PMID- 3218822 TI - [Pyolaryngocele]. AB - This study presents two new observations of laryngopyocele. It is a very serious form of clinical emergency related to latent asphyxia necessitating immediate medical attention. The treatment of choice consists of an external approach with removal of the superior edge of the thyroid lamina in addition to endotracheal intubation or a tracheotomy. PMID- 3218821 TI - [Active cochlear mechanisms. Significance of a clinical study of acoustic emissions]. AB - Recent studies in inner ear physiology clearly show that active cochlear mechanisms play an important role in the normal auditory perception. One of the effects of these mechanisms is that the inner ear can emit acoustic energy towards the outer ear canal. Oto-emissions are currently recorded by various techniques adaptable to usual audiological devices. It is expected that more precise diagnoses to inner ear diseases might be deduced from their study. PMID- 3218823 TI - [Contribution of the combination of radiation and surgery in the treatment of invasive pharyngo-laryngeal carcinoma]. AB - On the basis of the retrospective analysis of 269 cases of pharyngo-laryngeal carcinoma, the authors recall that the degree of tumour invasion is one of the essential prognostic factors for this disease. The macroscopic appearance of the tumour should therefore play a determinant role in the choice of treatment, as invasive lesions are generally responsive to radiotherapy. PMID- 3218824 TI - [Asthma in infants]. PMID- 3218825 TI - [Personal experience with fiber-optic bronchoscopy in children]. PMID- 3218826 TI - [Hepato-diaphragmatic interposition of the colon (Chilaiditi syndrome). Apropos of a case in 3-year-old child]. PMID- 3218827 TI - [Cervical mass in children. Apropos of a case of cervical thymic cyst]. PMID- 3218828 TI - [Anaerobic metabolism in children. Comparison of high and low altitude]. PMID- 3218829 TI - [Fetal ascites as a manifestation of atypical mucolipidosis]. PMID- 3218830 TI - [Biological processes combining to stop the bleeding caused by collecting blood]. PMID- 3218831 TI - [Study of the distribution of albendazole sulfoxide by liquid chromatography in plasma and cyst fluid in hydatidosis]. PMID- 3218832 TI - [Analysis of prednisone in pharmaceutic forms by thin-layer chromatography with densitometry in situ and by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3218833 TI - [Variation of bleeding time after administration of acetyl salicylic acid at different doses in the healthy volunteer]. PMID- 3218834 TI - [Chemical composition of the essential oil of Cryptocarya alba (Mol.) Looser (Lauraceae) in Chile]. PMID- 3218835 TI - [Optimization of a potentiometric technic of determining plasma fluorides: application to patients with chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 3218836 TI - [Lipophilic quinones of the trunk wood of Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl.) Nichols]. PMID- 3218838 TI - [Aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Contribution of magnetic resonance imaging]. PMID- 3218837 TI - [Pharmacodynamic study of ortho-chlorophenyl ethyl allophanate (SCS 100). Psychotropic properties]. PMID- 3218839 TI - CT of second branchial cleft cysts and fistula: comparison with MRI in three cases. PMID- 3218840 TI - [Radionuclide diagnosis of spiroid fracture of the tibia in young children]. PMID- 3218841 TI - [Aorto-pulmonary window: normal and pathological x-ray computed tomographic aspects]. PMID- 3218842 TI - [Thymic carcinoid tumor visualized with I 131-metaiodobenzylguanidine]. PMID- 3218844 TI - Casualties of residency training: a national study of loss and attrition. AB - Little information is available on the number of physicians in training who leave their residency or otherwise drop out of the profession during these years. We report on a recently completed (1987) national survey of residency program directors documenting the number of people who withdraw or are dismissed from residency and their reasons for leaving. PMID- 3218843 TI - [Betamethasone in the prevention of allergic complications caused by intravenous iodine contrast media]. PMID- 3218845 TI - Female residents not at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcome. AB - A cohort study was conducted among 45 university-affiliated residency programs to investigate potential adverse effects of residency training on pregnancy outcome. Pregnancy outcomes between female residents and spouses of male residents were similar; however, the increased risk for premature labor among female residents is a cause for concern and should be further investigated. PMID- 3218846 TI - Informal communication networks and change in physicians' practice behavior. AB - This study used influential physicians to disseminate information concerning the advantages of developing and using computer-stored personal order sets with a hospital information system. The results indicate that continuing medical education delivered through influential physicians is an effective way of changing physicians' practice behavior. PMID- 3218847 TI - The impact of communication between physician and evaluator on assessments of clinical performance. AB - Scores, ratings of score validity, and the precision of scores were compared for four methods of assessing clinical performance by case review that differ primarily in the communication allowed between physician and assessor. Results indicate that, at least for board-certified physicians, scores and ratings of score validity are significantly improved by increased communication. PMID- 3218848 TI - The effect of changes in medical knowledge on examination performance at the time of recertification. AB - The purpose of this paper was to determine if the decline in performance with time since completion of training on the 1980 ABIM Recertification Examination can be explained by a difference in performance on items testing different types of knowledge. Results showed that candidates further out of training performed less well on items testing new or changing knowledge, while performance on items testing stable knowledge was relatively constant across age groups. PMID- 3218849 TI - How standardized are standardized patients? AB - The accuracy and reproducibility of the standardized patient's presentation of a clinical problem was evaluated in 15 cases used in the evaluation of fourth year medical students in two universities. There were differences in the quality of standardized patient presentation between institutions and among the cases presented. PMID- 3218850 TI - Training and validating the use of geriatric simulated patients. AB - After presenting four patient roles during an audio-taped final examination of 68 second-year medical students' interview skills, seven geriatric simulated patients evaluated the interview skills of the students. Reviews of randomly selected audiotapes revealed that the patients were highly consistent and accurate in their evaluations, indicating that geriatric simulated patients may be an untapped resource for medical training. PMID- 3218851 TI - A schema for teaching differential diagnosis. AB - Eighty-one third-year and early fourth-year medical students were taught a simple schema for generating differential diagnoses. Significant gain in listing correct diagnoses was realized following training. PMID- 3218852 TI - Evaluation of a system designed to enhance the resident selection process. AB - A system was developed to establish standardized student performance information and a common nomenclature to enhance communication between clerkship and residency program directors. The results show such a system is in demand by program directors but that some students clerkship directors feel its use hampers students' chances of acquiring surgery residency positions. PMID- 3218853 TI - The use of performance-based assessment scores and traditional measures in predicting first-year residency performance. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between students' performance on a performance-based clinical examination and their subsequent performance during the first year of residency. Additionally, its purpose is to further examine the relationship between the performance-based clinical examination and existing measures of clinical competence (clerkship ratings, and NBME Part I and II scores). PMID- 3218854 TI - Predicting resident clinical performance with in-training examinations. AB - Yearly oral in-training examinations that assess resident performance in the three domains of professional competence (cognitive, psychomotor, and affective) given over a seven year period correlated highly with subsequent resident clinical performance and also predicted with a high degree of significance, sensitivity, and specificity those "problem" interns whose clinical performance placed them in the lower 10% of interns. Scores received on written in-training examinations were not significantly correlated with clinical performance and did not identify "problem" residents. PMID- 3218855 TI - Using Rasch analysis to analyze performance on patient management problems. AB - This study demonstrates the usefulness of applying Rasch analysis to PMPs. The item and person fit statistics provide the data necessary for determining how well items are functioning and hence how the test might be improved. The results both enhance our understanding of the trait being measured, medical problem solving, and suggest issues that faculty need to be aware of in constructing and scoring PMPs. PMID- 3218856 TI - Cueing in multiple choice questions: a reliable, valid and economical solution. AB - Test questions dealing with diagnosis and management were administered to medical students in both multiple-choice format and an open-ended form which can be scored by computer. Open-ended questions are feasible to administer, equally reliable and may be more valid in certain domains than multiple-choice questions. PMID- 3218857 TI - Writing vs coding diagnostic impressions in an examination: short-answer vs long menu responses. AB - The rank order of clerks taking two parallel written examination on diagnostic skills were compared, one examination containing short-answer/free response questions, and the other long-menu/coded response questions. A positive rank order correlation was found between the two question formats, thus suggesting that both formats measure the same abilities. PMID- 3218858 TI - The effects of clerkship experience on medical students' beliefs and knowledge about diabetes. AB - This study examined whether knowledge and beliefs regarding diabetes mellitus and its management vary as a function of the clerkship experience. Misconceptions and pessimism about the benefits of compliance and the outcome of diabetes were more prevalent among fourth-year students, leading to a recommendation for the incorporation of more ambulatory training in the clerkship year. PMID- 3218859 TI - Assessing medical student interviews of HIV patients: a randomized trial of a simple intervention. AB - A simple intervention to teach second year medical students how to interview HIV patients was assessed using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination. The results showed that students omitted a broad range of content issues relating to the social support system of healthy HIV patients. PMID- 3218860 TI - An assessment of entering freshman medical students' knowledge of and attitudes toward AIDS. AB - The purpose of this survey was to determine entering freshman medical student awareness of and attitudes toward AIDS. It is encouraging to find that, in general, students are well informed about AIDS before entering medical school; they have very real concerns about the possibility of contracting AIDS themselves as future care givers; and that they, in the final analysis, will consent to function as care givers to patients who have or may have AIDS while assuming responsibility to take appropriate precautions. It is important to stress that this survey reflects the pre-formed attitudes of entering freshman medical students. The University of Maryland School of Medicine is actively involved with the integration of AIDS education officially into the medical school curriculum. The results of this survey highlight the need for the inclusion of learning experiences designed to enhance physician/patient interaction skills when administering care to AIDS patients. It is believed that the acquisition of these desirable skills will generalize to better quality care for all patients. It is planned to administer the HIV/AIDS Questionnaire in a follow-up study to graduating seniors to assess their knowledge and attitudes toward AIDS. This will permit a comparison of attitude change among medical students, and an evaluation of newly implemented curricular changes. PMID- 3218861 TI - Reliability (generalizability) of the Maastricht Skills Test. AB - This study investigated the reproducibility of scores on the University of Limburg Skills Test, using data drawn from tests administered to medical students in all years of training during 1984-85, 1985-86, and 1986-87. Generalizability analyses indicated that, while inter-rater reliability is good, a minimum of three to four hours of testing time is required to obtain reproducible scores due to content-specificity of examinee performance. PMID- 3218862 TI - Graduates of foreign medical schools: demographic and personal predictors of success on an OSCE-format internship programme entrance examination. AB - A Discriminant Function Analysis on 233 graduates of foreign medical schools, from whom a group of 24 were selected that although several variables correlated significantly with selection, no combination of demographic variables could act as an efficient screen of clinically deficient candidates. PMID- 3218863 TI - Comparative performance information in the dean's letter. AB - Comparative medical school performance information, including the presence of a summative "dean's code" statement, was identified by selective content analysis of 310 dean's letters. There was a significant increase in the report of comparative information over the ten year study period, and correlation with residency in-training evaluations showed that this information may be useful to housestaff selection committees. PMID- 3218864 TI - The contribution of different components of the clinical encounter in generating and eliminating diagnostic hypotheses. AB - An examination of the diagnostic hypotheses generated by physicians in 119 primary care encounters showed that "correct" diagnostic hypotheses were produced simply on the basis of the patient's chief complaint in 78% of the cases and on the basis of the history in 16%; the physical examination and "stat" laboratory tests contributed little to generating "correct" hypotheses but more to eliminating alternatives. The early generation of frequently accurate diagnostic hypotheses on the basis of very limited information suggests that considerable clinical reasoning takes place in the earliest stages of a problem. PMID- 3218865 TI - Case differences in the problem solving strategies of medical students and physicians. AB - Using a broad range of written patient management problems, this study examined 1) the influences of three medical information-gathering processes (history taking, physical examination, and diagnostic studies) on the formulation of the differential and principal diagnosis by 175 medical students and 2) the extent to which the information-gathering processes used by the students paralleled the emphasis that experienced clinicians placed on these same processes. Results suggested that in 11 of 14 cases, the students appeared to be relying on specific information-gathering strategies in the formulation of the differential diagnosis, and that there were both similarities and differences in the relative emphases that these processes received from students and physicians. PMID- 3218866 TI - Medical school M.D. graduates' activities in research and teaching (Alberta medical schools--1973-85). AB - The paucity of clinicians entering research and teaching careers has been noted. This study examines the proportion of M.D. graduates from Alberta medical schools (with different selection and educational philosophies) who have chosen such careers, and discusses when the graduates' major research interests developed and the significance of the findings to future manpower requirements. PMID- 3218867 TI - Billing patterns of general practitioners and family physicians in Ontario: a comparison of graduates of McMaster Medical School with graduates of other Ontario medical schools. AB - This descriptive study which uses data obtained from the Ontario Health Insurance Plan has identified a number of differences in the style of practice chosen by general practice/family medicine (gp/fm) physicians who graduated from McMaster medical school from that of other contemporary Ontario gp/fm graduates who are practicing in Ontario. McMaster gp/fms were more likely to be certified in Family Medicine, saw fewer patients per month than the comparison group, and billed less services but the cost per service billed was somewhat higher. PMID- 3218868 TI - Non-cognitive correlates of performance on conventional and interactive components of a computerized examination. AB - A computerized examination, including traditional multiple-choice questions and interactive, patient-physician simulations (CBX), was used to assess the clinical problem-solving skills of first-year residents. Results did not provide evidence of a relationship between residents' MCQ or CBX performance measures and levels of computer experience or computer anxiety. PMID- 3218869 TI - Evaluating diagnostic pattern recognition: the psychometric characteristics of a new item format. AB - The issues related to measuring pattern recognition are similar to measuring other clinical skills; how can testing time be used most efficiently to obtain reliable and valid scores? How should tests be constructed to obtain scores that validly reflect individual performance in making diagnoses? Generalizability analyses indicated that performance in one topic area does not predict performance in other areas very well. For example, students who were relatively expert in diagnosing patients with headaches tend not to be expert in diagnosing patients with chest pain, joint pain, etc. Therefore, to evaluate diagnostic pattern recognition skills in general, it is preferable to sample more presenting complaints with fewer items directed at each one, rather than to sample more items within a small number of presenting complaints. Approximately one hour of testing time would be required to generate a reasonably reliable score (ie, with a generalizability coefficient greater than 0.80). For diagnostic or remedial purposes, performance can be examined by content area to determine specific areas of weakness for individual students. The next phase of this study will be directed at determining whether there are benefits to using the current matching format with a relatively long list of response alternatives rather than a traditional multiple choice format with five choices. It is hypothesized that the shorter list differentially benefits the lower ability students and the more junior students. Efforts will also be directed to determining the applicability of the item format to other content areas such as diagnostic testing and therapy. PMID- 3218870 TI - The limitations of traditional variables in predicting the progress of nontraditional students. AB - The traditional preadmissions variables of GPA's, MCAT scores and recommendation decisions of a group of nontraditional medical students who enrolled from 1978 1983 were examined to determine 1) the degree to which a classification model derived from the variables to predict whether they would graduate on schedule, graduate off schedule or not graduate would be applicable to a second group of nontraditional students who enrolled from 1984-1987, and 2) which variables would predict whether the students would graduate on schedule, graduate off schedule or not graduate. The discriminant model correctly classified only 33 percent of the students in the second group; the MCAT Reading score, the only significant predictive variable, accounted for 26 percent of the variance in the progress of the students in the first group. PMID- 3218871 TI - Postbaccalaureate preparation and performance in medical school. AB - Medical students with some postbaccalaureate preparations were compared with those without such preparations. Before adjustment for undergraduate GPAs significant differences were observed in the favor of those without such preparations, but after adjustments for undergraduate GPAs, the previously obtained differences became either non-significant, or significant in the favor of those with postbaccalaurate preparations. PMID- 3218872 TI - Comparison of the preclinical academic performance of minority and majority medical students admitted with low academic credentials. PMID- 3218873 TI - Defining fitness and aptitude to practice medicine. AB - The results of a study to determine the qualities and characteristics necessary for physicians to demonstrate in their practice reinforce the need for a medical school to emphasize the non-cognitive domain in its curriculum. The behaviors described in this study were written as educational objectives so that they could be evaluated with less subjectivity. PMID- 3218874 TI - Performance and perception in a simulated clinical encounter. AB - The feasibility of using data arising from a simulated patient encounter to determine the nature of the relationship between patient satisfaction and examinee performance during a clinical examination is explored. Satisfaction (on dimensions of sensitivity, participation and thoroughness) is shown to be related to aspects of the physical examination and the history taking. PMID- 3218875 TI - Evaluation of medical student performance in the clinical years. AB - The analysis of a system for evaluating student clinical clerkship performance shows that residents and attendings make use of only a single dimension, from "good physician" to "bad physician." Further analyses show that this dimension is defined differently by different specialties, and that the results of evaluations from all clerkships are required to provide full and adequate assessment of students' abilities. PMID- 3218876 TI - A comparison of student satisfaction with their preclinical environment in a traditional and a problem based curriculum. AB - Students in a problem based and a traditional preclinical curriculum rated descriptors three times in terms of what they expect to experience, what they would like, and what they actually experienced. The problem based students were satisfied with the essential aspects of their curriculum; the traditional curriculum students were less satisfied with the essential elements of their curriculum. PMID- 3218877 TI - Shifting toward problem-based learning in a medical school neurobiology course. AB - Techniques of problem-based learning requiring no increase in faculty effort, were applied to a large-group medical neurobiology course. Students were found to learn as effectively, and to enjoy themselves more, when the new format was implemented. PMID- 3218878 TI - A randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of problem-based versus didactic teaching methods in CME. AB - A Continuing Medical Education short course was designed to examine the effect of presenting topics in three learning formats - traditional lectures, large-group, case discussions or small-group, problem-solving sessions, on knowledge and performance of family physicians. The physicians in the small group session rated the CME short course higher and performed better on one aspect of patient management than the lecture or large group physicians but there were no other differences between groups on knowledge or physician performance. PMID- 3218879 TI - The experience of mistreatment and abuse among medical students. AB - Concerns expressed by Silver regarding the possible existence of abuse of medical students have been confirmed with findings of verbal, physical and sexual abuse as well as unnecessary sleep deprivation and negative comments regarding the choice of a career in medicine. PMID- 3218880 TI - Competition and academic achievement--a longitudinal analysis. AB - The influence of competition on academic achievement is investigated. There is clear evidence that competition hinders students from living up to their potential and the implications for medical education are discussed. PMID- 3218881 TI - Effect of prior examples on rule-based diagnostic performance. AB - The studies test the role of examples in the learning of diagnostic rules in dermatology. The specific examples used are shown to have a substantial biasing effect on diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 3218882 TI - A study skills workshop as an integral part of orientation to medical school: the establishment of self-directed learning. AB - The MCP Program, a prematriculation academic support service workshop for all incoming students, combines techniques of learning style identification, study skills, time management and stress control. This has resulted in higher class performance, the formation of collegial relationships and an early emergence of professional behaviors and leadership. PMID- 3218883 TI - [Surgical treatment of ulcero-hemorrhagic rectocolitis]. PMID- 3218884 TI - [Thromboses of the splenic vein. Our experience with 34 surgically treated cases]. PMID- 3218885 TI - [Reductional major surgery and chemotherapy in multimetastatic apudomas]. PMID- 3218886 TI - [Traumatic posterior luxations of the shoulder treated with the Mac Laughlin operation. Apropos of 12 cases]. PMID- 3218888 TI - The Finnish sauna. Is it safe for patients? PMID- 3218887 TI - [Aneurysm of the cervical carotid artery under the base of skull. Treatment by venous graft between the cervical carotid and the intrapetrous carotid. A case]. PMID- 3218890 TI - Healthy and unhealthy sauna bathing. PMID- 3218889 TI - Sauna. PMID- 3218891 TI - Traditional use of the sauna for hygiene and health in Finland. AB - Finns have used the sauna for centuries to clean themselves, to maintain their health and even to help in treating a variety of ills. Up to this century the sauna was widely used as a place for childbirth. But the main reason for a sauna is the pleasure of sauna bathing and the craving for the feeling after the sauna. The longevity and effects of the sauna in Finland are linked to the view of the sauna as a holy place; participants have to behave in the sauna as they would in the church. The use of the vihta or vasta (a sauna whisk made of birch branches) has been an essential part of sauna bathing. Beating with the vihta promotes sweating and stimulates the warm skin. Many curative and magical effects have been attributed to the practice. Seldom has the sauna been thought to cause any disease. PMID- 3218892 TI - The secret of good 'loyly'. AB - The nature of good "loyly" (sauna vapor/sauna heat) is hard to describe. Essentially, it is determined by the purity, temperature, moisture content of the air contained inside the sauna: as well as its thermal radiation. A suitable temperature for sauna air ranges between 80 and 100 degrees C and the humidity from 40 to 60 g per kg of air. The bathers should be able to vary the humidity to their liking by casting water on the stones heated in or on the sauna oven. The inner surfaces of the oven and the sauna room should produce as even a field of thermal radiation concentrated on the bather's body as possible. The purity of the sauna air is above all a factor contributing to the enjoyment of the bathing experience. The sauna air must not contain any obnoxious extent gaseous impurities, particles, or micro-organisms. The purity of the sauna air is ensured primarily by effective ventilation. Particular attention should be paid to the arrangement of correct ventilation, for the internal size of modern saunas is steadily diminishing. The sensation of experiencing good "loyly" is also affected by the overall condition of the sauna. It should have an agreeable and relaxing effect on the bather. PMID- 3218893 TI - The sauna and sauna bathing habits--a psychoanalytic point of view. AB - Sauna bathing is a pleasant and relaxing experience that combines psychic, physical and social pleasures. A person's inner feelings about sauna bathing, its essential components are mainly unconscious. The sauna bath reduces the aggressive behaviour and enables bathers to forget the commonplace pressures of everyday life. The sauna evokes memories of childhood development, awakening feelings of maternal warmth and paternal power in the bather. The sauna is a positive mental health resource, even though its effects are transitory. PMID- 3218894 TI - Human thermoregulation in sauna. AB - Finnish sauna is heated by the radiation energy of an electrical or wood burning stove resulting in high air temperature, 80-100 degrees C, and low air humidity levels, 50-60 g/kg of air. Sauna bathing is divided into several 5-20 min sessions and between the sessions several minutes are spent at normal room temperature. Finnish sauna presents a heat load of 300-600 W/m2 of skin surface area. This increases mean skin temperature to 40-41 degrees C, causes strong heat sensations and starts thermoregulatory mechanisms. Evaporative heat transfer by sweating is the only effective channel dissipating heat from the body in sauna. Sweating is usually 0.6-1 kg/h and represents a heat loss of about 200 W/m2. The body cannot compensate for the heat load of sauna and the temperature of viscera begins to increase. A 30-minute stay in a sauna with a temperature of 80 degrees C increases rectal temperature by about 0.9 degrees C in adults whereas in children less intensive sauna (10 min at 70 degrees C) increases rectal temperature by 1.5 degrees C. The subjective feelings after Finnish sauna are usually described in positive terms such as "calm" and "pleasant". PMID- 3218895 TI - Lungs and ventilation in sauna. AB - For over a hundred years Finnish sauna has been documented as a physiotherapeutic method in respiratory diseases. Physiological changes of ventilation remain small (about 10%) in the sauna. Heat load, sauna air and sympathetic stimulation generally do not cause problems to the lungs. Electron microscopic studies have not shown irreversible damages to the airway epithelium. Sauna takers should avoid bathing during acute respiratory infections. Sympathomimetic drugs may provoke tachycardia and arrhythmias in the sauna. PMID- 3218896 TI - Sauna bather's circulation. AB - Cutaneous circulation increases greatly in sauna in order to prevent body heating. Blood pressure tends to fall but this is prevented by increased cardiac output by means of faster heart rate and by decreased blood flow to the visceral organs. Cooling in cold air, shower, water or rolling in snow causes rapid cutaneous vasoconstriction, which leads to elevation of arterial blood pressure and increase of central venous blood volume. The effects of both heat and cold are mediated via the sympathetic nervous system. The circulatory responses to sauna are related to the intensity and duration of the heat exposure. An ordinary sauna bath increases cardiac workload about as much as moderate or vigorous walking. Habituation to sauna decreases the sympathetic stimulation and cardiovascular responses. Sudden cooling, for example diving in cold water, causes a severe transitory volume load and pressure load to the heart and increases the possibility of cardiac arrhythmias. The risk of cardiovascular complications in correctly practiced sauna bathing is very small and it is confined to subjects predisposed to the risk because of manifest or latent cardiovascular abnormalities. PMID- 3218897 TI - The sauna and body fluid balance. AB - Sauna bathing may affect the fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance. In addition to sweating and thirst, a sauna bath also has effects on many endogenous regulatory mechanisms maintaining the balance between the fluid compartments and appropriate distribution of the circulating blood. Although the sauna-induced fluid loss is usually not very severe, its adequate replacement as early as possible is important. In practice, the most convenient and effective way is to replace the fluid loss by small liquid doses repeated frequently during the bathing. If a sauna bath is taken after heavy physical activity, the fluid compensation may be necessary already before bathing. PMID- 3218898 TI - How the sauna affects the endocrine system. AB - The sauna induces changes in the secretion of hormones, some similar to changes induced in any other stress situation and others characteristic of exposure to the sauna. Noradrenaline is usually the only catecholamine raised by the sauna in people accustomed to it. The secretion of the antidiuretic hormone is increased and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated. The concentrations of the growth hormone and prolactin, in particular, secreted from the anterior pituitary are increased in the circulation. The concentration of the immunoreactive beta-endorphin in blood may also increase which may reflect the feeling of pleasure or, on the other hand, discomfort induced by the sauna. The views on the effects of the sauna on the secretion of the ACTH and cortisol are partly contradictory, probably due to differing ways of taking the sauna bath. In Finnish sauna takers the concentration of cortisol in blood is not usually increased. The changes induced by the sauna in various hormone concentrations in the circulation are, however, normalized within a couple of hours after the heat stress. PMID- 3218899 TI - The Finnish sauna and cardiovascular diseases. AB - From time to time it has been claimed that the thermal stress caused by sauna bathing can be harmful to persons with cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, elderly persons in general, who have experienced no symptoms from bathing, have also been cautioned. However, several studies carried out in Finland did not confirm the adverse effects of bathing on the elderly and cardiovascular patients. The controversial results obtained in Finnish and in some foreign studies are at least partly due to the different test conditions. The typical Finnish sauna bath is safe, and even patients who have recovered from acute myocardial infarction can enjoy the sauna without incurring any harmful cardiovascular effects. PMID- 3218900 TI - The sauna, skin and skin diseases. AB - The aesthetic pleasure of the Finnish sauna may be disturbed by an intense itch caused by sweating in a few people with atopic dermatitis. The heat of the sauna may also initiate cholinergic urticaria. The sauna itself does not cause drying of the skin although incorrect washing habits may lead to this. The use of soap is adviced especially in the anogenital region and armpits, but the use of a washing brush and sponge is not adviced. Sauna bathing facilitates the removal of hyperkeratotic scales in psoriasis, and the use of petrolatum, emollient creams or topical antipsoriatic regimens has been found to be beneficial for many patients. Dermatophytes and other infective microorganisms are easily killed by the heat of the sauna. The pleasing sensations in the skin after sauna bathing are thus only very seldom disturbed by itches or some other unpleasant consequence. PMID- 3218901 TI - The sauna and pregnancy. AB - Sauna bathing does not appear to affect fertility in men. Nor is the sauna teratogenic. The haemodynamic changes brought about by the sauna are similar in non-pregnant and pregnant women, regardless of the duration of pregnancy. There are, however, differences in the hormonal responses. Pregnant women adapt well to the thermal stress of the sauna, which is also true of the fetus, provided that it is healthy. Although the fetal heart rate rises during maternal hyperthermia, cardiotocographic tracings remain normal during and after maternal thermal stress. Healthy pregnant women may safely have sauna baths throughout their pregnancy. PMID- 3218902 TI - The sauna and children. AB - In Finland sauna bathing by infants and children is guided by an empirically acquired parental understanding of the limits of safe heat "exposure". Finnish children are rarely allowed into a sauna alone before they are 7 years old. Finnish parents observe the post sauna bathing behaviour of their children, and this helps them to establish safe limits of exposure and avoid any adaptation problems. The after effects of sauna bathing of children reported in this study are substantial enough to warrant clinical paediatric involvement in unravelling the relation between the psychosomatic symptoms reported by children and their exposure to the raised temperature. There is also the need, even in Finland, of investigating the sauna bathing of children to establish objective criteria for promoting safe sauna bathing habits. Sauna bathing is a centuries old family tradition in Finland. There are 1.4 million saunas in a country with population of some 4.8 million people. Most families either have their own sauna or one close to where they live. In addition, Finnish children have access to sauna facilities at local sporting, recreation and swimming centres. Sauna bathing often takes place in connection with physical education (PE) lessons or sporting club activities for those over the age of 7 years. The average Finnish family takes a sauna bath once a week, and Finnish children are introduced to sauna bathing in early infancy. Although exposure to the raised temperatures normally encountered in a sauna can cause thermoregulatory imbalances in children there are no established guidelines for the safe use of saunas by infants and children. PMID- 3218903 TI - The sauna and alcohol. AB - Alcohol-related minor accidents such as sprains and burns are common in sauna, but more serious accidents also take place--head contusions, heat stroke after passing out in sauna and drownings while swimming. The exact number of these accidents is not known, but in Finland (population 4.8 million) the consumption of alcohol has been estimated to be a contributing factor in some 20 to 25 sauna related deaths every year. The scientific information on the interaction of sauna and alcohol on human physiology is totally lacking. Thus our discussion on the physiological and medical consequences of this interaction relies merely on presumptions. Ingestion of large amounts of alcohol while sauna bathing may affect the body's ability to maintain blood pressure. In particular, the risk of an orthostatic hypotensive reaction is increased with concomitant faintings and accidents. Alcohol intoxication and particularly the hangover phase exposes a person to cardiac arrhythmias, and sauna may further increase the arrhythmia-risk due to enhanced adrenergic activity. Sauna bathing and heavy drinking, and also sauna bathing during hangover phase undoubtedly create real health risks. PMID- 3218904 TI - The sauna and sports. AB - Sauna and sports go well together. Top Finnish athletes have discovered this, taking a sauna almost twice a week. Why do they do this? In the sauna, an athlete cleanses his body, refreshes his mind, recovers more rapidly, and relaxes. Sauna bathing is not a way of adapting before competitions in a hot climate, or of losing weight rapidly, although one might expect the sauna to be ideal for these purposes. An athlete does not look to the sauna to help his performance, the sauna itself is reward enough. PMID- 3218905 TI - Role of dopamine receptors in neurological drug treatment. PMID- 3218906 TI - Urogenital muscarinic receptors and drug effects. PMID- 3218907 TI - Radioreceptor assay of anticholinergic drugs. AB - The radioreceptor assay (RRA) of anticholinergic drugs in plasma and other biological fluids presents methodological difficulties. The specificity is not comparable with some pure chemical methods because drug metabolites which are active in binding to muscarinic receptors participate in the assay. There are also problems with serum dilution, with the lipophilicity of the radioligands and drugs, and with the protein binding of the drugs. However, the RRA of anticholinergic drugs is rapid and sensitive. In racemic drugs, only active stereoisomers show affinity for the muscarinic receptors. Results with RRA have been shown to correlate with anticholinergic effects, both desired and side effects. A careful familiarization with the method used for each individual drug analysis allows its useful clinical application. PMID- 3218908 TI - Significance of insulin receptors in the action of sulphonylurea drugs. AB - The mechanisms by which sulphonylureas lower blood glucose are complex. Sulphonylureas increase insulin secretion and possibly also decrease glucagon release from the pancreas. In the periphery, they increase insulin binding to its receptors through direct or indirect mechanisms, primarily by increasing receptor number. Sulphonylureas also potentiate the action of insulin in peripheral glucose uptake and metabolism, even when no measurable effects on insulin receptors can be demonstrated. This post-receptor mode of action seems to play an important role in the spectrum of sulphonylurea effects. PMID- 3218909 TI - Follow-up of patients with mitral valve prolapse presenting with rhythm disturbances. AB - The aim of the study was to analyze rhythm disturbances and clinical course in 18 patients aged 20-52 years with mitral valve prolapse. The patients were followed up for a mean of three years (range: 1-11 years). We analyzed clinical signs, resting ECG 24 hour ECG, exercise ECG, echocardiograms and the effects of antiarrhythmic treatment. One patient developed marked mitral incompetence. Supraventricular arrhythmias occurred in three patients and ventricular extrasystoles in all 18 patients (class I in 2, II in 6, III in 4, IV in 3, V in 3, according to Lown). Five patients required combined antiarrhythmic treatment. Course of pregnancy and births in two patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome and class IV arrhythmias were uncomplicated for both the mothers and their babies. Great clinical variability of mitral valve prolapse syndrome ranging from an asymptomatic form to ventricular fibrillation is emphasized. PMID- 3218910 TI - The prevalence of insomnia: the importance of operationally defined criteria. AB - Previous studies on the prevalence of sleep disturbances have shown that insomnia occurs in 3.2-42% of different populations. The wide reported variation in prevalence prompted a rigorous definition of insomnia to be introduced in this study. Randomly selected members of the population aged 30 to 65 years from two geographically different rural parts of central Sweden answered a sleep questionnaire. The response rates were 69.2% and 70.2%, respectively. Females significantly more often reported difficulty in falling asleep (7.1% of the women and 5.1% of the men). Among women 8.9 and among men 7.7% of individuals reported trouble with nocturnal awakenings. Using a stringently defined concept of insomnia as a disorder of initiating sleep (DIS), the prevalence rate of insomnia among women was 1.1% and among men 0.5%. Defining insomnia as a disorder of maintaining sleep (DMS), the prevalence among both women and men was 1.1%. Defining insomnia as a disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS), the prevalence rate was 1.7% among women and 1.4% among men. This prevalence, which is lower than previously reported, demonstrate the importance of an operational definition of insomnia. PMID- 3218911 TI - Silent myocardial ischaemia and life threatening ventricular arrhythmias. AB - In a retrospective study of four patients with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (VT) induced by silent ischaemia (SI) one case was related to transmural SI secondary to coronary artery spasm and the other cases to subendocardial SI related to non-dynamic coronary artery stenosis. In one patient it was possible simultaneously to document the presence of myocardial ischaemia preceding VT using two independent markers: ECG and thallium scintigraphy. The common feature was attacks of fast polymorphic VT with fainting and intermediate cardiac arrest as the sole clinical manifestation. Attacks at rest occurred in both types of patients, whereas exercise induced attacks were an inconstant feature of SI-VT in non-dynamic coronary artery stenosis. VT suppression was accomplished by anti ischaemic intervention in three patients: by calcium antagonist medication in the patient with coronary artery spasm, by coronary artery surgery in two cases of non-dynamic artery stenosis. The risk of underdiagnosing SI-VT is discussed. Screening of patients with the aborted cardiac arrest syndrome by ambulatory ECG monitoring and repeated symptom-limited exercise-ECG is recommended. PMID- 3218912 TI - Effect of periodic long-term ethanol administration on biliary bile acids and bile secretion in the rat. AB - Hepatic bile flow and its bile acid composition were determined in a group of 23 rats receiving 20% (W/v) ethanol by daily intubations 5 times a week over a 10-12 week period and in a control group of 23 rats. The aim was to elucidate the well known role of alcohol in pancreatitis. Chronic ethanol administration resulted in a significant increase in 2-h bile production and bile secretion rates. Molar concentrations of total and individual bile acids were determined by the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase method after thin layer separation. No significant differences in molar concentrations of total or separate bile acid were observed. Special attention was paid to free bile acids. A spot with a Rf value corresponding to cholic acid was found in 10 rats in each group. This was examined by mass spectrometry using direct inlet technique, but no free cholic acid could be identified. Thus it seems that the changes in the amounts of bile acids are not decisive for the origin of acute alcoholic pancreatitis but that increased bile flow caused by chronic alcohol ingestion may favour reflux of bile into the pancreas, resulting in pancreatitis. PMID- 3218913 TI - C reactive protein in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. AB - Serum C reactive protein was determined in 30 control subjects, 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 28 with chronic pancreatitis and 23 with extra-pancreatic diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The aim was to ascertain possible alterations of this index in chronic pancreatic disease and to speculate on some influencing factors. Higher C reactive protein levels were found in pancreatic cancer as compared to controls. Pancreatic cancer patients with systemic metastases had higher levels of this index compared to those with non-metastatic disease. Raised concentrations of C reactive protein were detected in 7/28 subjects with chronic pancreatitis. In this group these higher levels were found in patients in a relapsing phase of the disease; no association was observed with pancreatic pseudocysts. Among all subjects a correlation was found, between C reactive protein and age; patients with abnormal fasting blood glucose levels or increased white blood cell count had higher levels of this protein as compared to the remaining patients. We may conclude that C reactive protein increases in pancreatic cancer, specially in relation to tumour extent; in chronic pancreatitis it reflects the inflammatory status of the gland. While acting in the context of the acute phase response, this test may provide an adjunct in evaluating patients with a chronic pancreatic disease. PMID- 3218914 TI - Viruses and airborne allergens as precipitants of obstructive respiratory difficulties in children. AB - Findings of virus infection were prospectively studied in 133 episodes of obstructive respiratory difficulty in 90 children aged 2 to 15 years. A viral infection was confirmed in 16 episodes (12%). In a further 11% of cases serological evidence of a recent viral infection was found. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) accounted for half of the positive viral results. Skin prick tests were performed after the second episode of bronchial obstruction. Of the 79 children tested, 57% had at least one positive result to house dust mite allergen and/or to one of the four seasonal allergens studied. Reactivity to birch pollen was most common. There was no significant correlation between the frequency of episodes in children with birch, timothy grass and mugwort pollens or with Cladosporium herbarum allergies and counts of the respective pollens or spores in the air. Blood eosinophilia was found in 34% of cases immediately after the episodes, but no seasonal variation occurred. It was impossible to differentiate the episodes initiated by viruses from those initiated by seasonal allergens. Thus exposure to seasonal allergens is a less common precipitant of respiratory difficulties from bronchial obstruction than are virus infections. PMID- 3218915 TI - Results and complications of percutaneous nephrostomy. AB - A series of 181 patients (158 with obstructive uropathy) treated by percutaneous nephrostomy (PN) in 1978-1987 is evaluated. In 8.3% of the patients PN did not succeed. The success rate of PN was lower when done outside normal working hours and before ultrasound guidance was used. Major complications occurred in 5.5% and minor ones in 10.5%. There was no direct mortality. The complications and the possible avoidance of them are discussed. In 68% of patients nephrostomy improved their clinical condition. The benefit of PN was closely related to the existing renal recovery potential following the relief of obstruction; a problem that has not yet been fully solved. PMID- 3218916 TI - Prolactin release induced by physical exercise is independent from peripheral vasoactive intestinal polypeptide secretion. AB - The plasma concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and prolactin were measured before and after an exhaustive and a submaximal exercise test in 7 male marathon runners. A significant increase of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was recorded after both tests, whereas the prolactin increase was observed only after the exhaustive exercise test. No significant correlation was found between the plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and the plasma prolactin values recorded during the two exercise tests. Data suggest that the exercise-induced prolactin release occurs independently from variations of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels in peripheral circulation. PMID- 3218918 TI - First Asian Pacific Cleft Lip and Palate Congress. 15-19 April 1988, Singapore. Proceedings. PMID- 3218917 TI - The importance of accurate documentation in cleft lip and palate surgery. PMID- 3218919 TI - The genetic basis of cleft lip and palate deformity. AB - The embryology of the normal lip and palate and the abnormal development of these structures causing cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are discussed. As the development of the lip and palate is not dependent on a single factor but on many factors, it is understandable that CL and CP may occur as a result of abnormalities of genes of large mutant effect (i.e. Mendelian mutant genes), or due to chromosomal anomalies. However, these 2 causes are relatively uncommon and the commonest mode of production is dependent on both genetic and environmental factors. The mechanisms whereby these 3 groups may produce CL and CP will be discussed. Since the modes of inheritance differ in the 3 groups, it is important to discover which group a particular patient belongs to. The genetic load is high in the Mendelian group, is low usually in those due to chromosome disorders, and may be low or high in the last group depending on the polygenes as well as environmental factors. In this last group, empiric risk figures may be calculated for future offspring to be affected. The prenatal diagnosis of CL and CP is also discussed. PMID- 3218920 TI - The importance of embryological research in the surgical management of the cleft lip deformity. AB - The cleft lip deformity has been present throughout mankind, and has entered into the folklore of Nations. There has been a multitude of described repairs. Still they do not provide the hoped for final results. Some of the changes have been based on "thought out" ideas, others on futile guesses. The last few years have seen changes in the surgical direction due to a clearer understanding of the basic embryology. These changes have been made possible by advances in equipment and technology. Changes in animal research, both intra- and extra-uterine, have made possible experiments which may answer some of the suppositions put forward covering both development and healing. The classification of cleft lip places all the deformities in one group, but there may in fact be several groups with different actual causes and failures leading to the same clinical picture. The understanding of the failure or failures that occur in development should lead to a logical approach to the repair of the cleft deformity. PMID- 3218921 TI - The fourth dimension of the face: a preliminary report of growth potential in the face of the Chinese population of Singapore. AB - Age-related changes were studied in 32 linear measurements from the faces of 180 healthy Chinese subjects of Singapore, aged 6, 12 and 18 years, with equal representation of the sexes. In addition, the differences in 10 inclinations and 6 angles of the facial profile between thirty 6-year-olds and thirty 18-year-olds of each sex were determined. The total absolute and relative growth between 6 and 18 years was established and, in the linear measurements, the relative increments were separately calculated for the 6- to 12-year-old and 12- to 18-year-old periods. PMID- 3218922 TI - A histological study of the philtrum. AB - This is a detailed histological study of the philtrum of the upper lip. The aims of the study are to explain the unique configuration of the philtrum and to offer a new definition to it. The materials for the study are taken from human foetuses, operative specimens and cadavers. The upper lip is sectioned transversely and stained to show muscle, connective tissue and elastic fibres. The histological results show that there is no specific condensation of connective tissue in the midline to account for the central philtral groove. The significant histological finding is the pattern of insertion of the orbicularis oris muscle into the skin of the philtral area. The muscle fibres decussate in the midline and vertical as well as oblique muscle fibre extensions insert into the dermis in the region of the midline philtral groove and the philtral ridges. A dynamic role is postulated of the role of orbicularis oris muscle in giving rise to the unique configuration of the philtrum. It is redefined in the light of our present knowledge of the histological basis of the philtral morphology. PMID- 3218923 TI - Combined cleft and craniofacial team--multidisciplinary approach to cleft management. AB - A combined cleft palate and craniofacial was organized at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, in 1980. The team includes four plastic surgeons, four orthodontists, one prosthodontist, one otolaryngologist, one pediatrician, two speech pathologists, one social worker, one psychologist, two neurosurgeons, one ophthalmologist and a medical artist. Weekly combined clinics and meetings are held regularly to evaluate cleft lip/palate and all craniofacial cases. The team members set up treatment plans for each cleft palate and craniofacial patient, and follow up the patient's facial growth with critical evaluation of the result, complication, relapse and patient's or parent's satisfaction after surgery. Parents' support groups, summer speech camps and conferences between patients, parents and other public resources are held regularly. Longitudinal studies are strictly carried out on specific groups of cleft patients and major craniofacial patients. PMID- 3218924 TI - Measuring the cleft deformity. AB - Comparative studies in cleft lip and palate patients are difficult because of the difficulty in documenting them. Both qualitative assessment and quantitative measurements are needed so that a more meaningful comparison of long-term results could then be made. The different protocols used previously by various authors were reviewed and a protocol was drawn up for the Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital. This was used for a trial period and then revised. The difficulty in measurement lay mainly in determining the accurate anthropometric points on the face from which measurements were made. PMID- 3218925 TI - Bilateral cleft lip repair. AB - From 1970 to 1987 we treated 213 patients with bilateral cleft lip at Hokkaido University Hospital and its several branch hospitals. The patients were grouped into 3 types according to the shape of the clefting prolabium. Group 1: complete clefts bilaterally, group 2: incomplete clefts bilaterally, group 3: combination of complete and incomplete clefts. From 1974 to 1987 we treated 176 bilateral cleft lip patients by the Manchester method using several modifications. Presurgical oral orthopaedics, using head cap and orthodontic appliance devised by Dr Peat, was applied to 110 of the 176 cases. Surgical results were satisfactory and the Manchester method is our preferred procedure for bilateral cleft lip repair. PMID- 3218926 TI - Middle ear diseases in cleft palate patients in Singapore. AB - A preliminary prospective study of the correlation between middle ear diseases and cleft palate was started in February 1987. Eighty three patients from the Plastic Surgical Department of the Singapore General Hospital have been screened. Three quarters of the ears screened were normal. Middle ear effusion was the commonest disease especially in younger children found in eighteen of thirty four abnormal ears; all these patients benefited from myringotomy and insertion of a ventilating tube. Other types of middle ear disease included adhesive otitis media, perforation of the eardrum, attic retraction and cholesteatoma; these were found predominantly in older patients. The incidence of middle ear disease was 23% in Chinese patients with cleft palate as compared with up to 90% in Caucasian patients. PMID- 3218927 TI - Surgery of major congenital aural atresia. AB - Accurate preoperative clinical, audiometric and radiographic evaluation is a prerequisite for surgery of major congenital aural atresia, which is accepted as one of the most difficult otological reconstructive procedures to perform. The main aim is to achieve serviceable hearing. Middle ear and facial nerve anomalies and functional results of eleven consecutive primary operations by one of the authors are presented. Familiarity with various Tympanoplastic and Facial nerve surgical techniques is mandatory. PMID- 3218928 TI - Speech and nasendoscopic evaluation of velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) in cleft palate patients. AB - Cleft lip and palate patients exhibit several problems prior to and following surgical repair of their deformities. Hypernasality and speech defects remain one of the outstanding problems. 82 cleft palate patients were subjected to a systematised speech evaluation and an examination of the velopharyngeal mechanism. Nineteen patients did not have any surgery of the palate whilst the remaining 63 had at least one surgical procedure to the palate. 54 had a Veau Wardill-Kilner (V-W-K) procedure and the remaining had either a second palatal repair or a superiorly based pharyngoplasty. Good correlation of speech assessment to nasendoscopic evaluation was found. An improvement in the speech and nasendoscopic coding was found in patients who had surgical intervention to the palate. A nasendoscopic examination, ideally performed by the surgeon and a speech therapist, is a useful adjunct to speech evaluation. PMID- 3218929 TI - Articulation proficiency and error pattern of cleft palate children with delayed hard palate closure. AB - Prior to 1982, children with cleft palate received delayed hard palate closure at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. In this treatment, soft palate is usually repaired with Widmaier palatoplasty at about 18 months with surgery; hard palate is not closed until the age of 6 or 7. Our previous study indicated that the articulation skill of the cleft palate children before delayed hard palate closure is generally far inferior to the non-cleft children of the same age. Further investigation was carried out to look into the articulation proficiency and error patterns of the cleft palate children undergoing delayed hard palate closure. Data of 47 children (32 boys, 15 girls) were analyzed. Articulation proficiency was compared in four phoneme categories: nasals, plosives, fricatives and affricates. The results indicated that affricates are most difficult for Chinese cleft palate children to pronounce. At age 5, just before the hard palate closure, none of the phonemes is produced correctly except nasals. PMID- 3218930 TI - A study of the results of speech language and hearing assessment of three groups of repaired cleft palate children and adults. AB - The results of speech, language and hearing assessment of repaired cleft palate children and adults over a 4-year period at the Speech/Language therapy unit, Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, UKM are reported. The subjects were 33 incomplete cleft lip palate (ICLP), 48 unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and 26 bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Results obtained for the following assessments are reported and discussed: (i) Hearing assessment, (ii) intelligibility rate, (iii) severity of hyper-nasality and (iv) types of articulation errors and school/behaviour problems and nasal grimace. Due to subject variability in ethnicity, language and dialects and the lack of normal data, it is difficult to compare or repeat previously reported results. Assessment of intelligibility, hypernasality and articulation were conducted using the Malay language. Results obtained were compared among the three groups of subjects. The significant findings were that hypernasality, intelligibility and articulation errors were more severe in the ICLP group than in the UCLP or BCLP groups of patients. This is contrary to expectations and cannot be explained in terms of the type and/or the degree of clefting. Hence, special attention should be paid to the less overt type of cleft patients in so far as their speech assessment and rehabilitation are concerned. PMID- 3218931 TI - Denervated palmaris longus tendon as a skeletal muscle transplant in circumferential pharyngoplasty. AB - The incidence of velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) following cleft palate surgery is fairly high in our country. We have attempted to analyse the aetiology and then selected 50 cases of VPI from our group of operated cleft palates. These patients were then evaluated using cephalometry, speech rating, pressure studies and nasendoscopy. We identified 13 patients in whom there was incompetence due to failure of movement of the walls responsible for proper closure of the velopharyngeal port. In these patients we performed circumferential sling pharyngoplasty using denervated palmaris longus; since this procedure narrowed the port circumferentially. We re-evaluated these patients and the results have been gratifying. Speech rating improved and E.M.G. tracings after 6 months showed evidence of reinnervation of the Palmaris Longus. PMID- 3218932 TI - Roentgenocephalometric study of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients treated with delayed closure of the hard palate--a preliminary report. AB - Cephalometric radiographs of a sample of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (15 males, 15 females, aged 6.5 to 7.5 years) were analysed. In most cases, an adhesion cheiloplasty was done at 3 months of age, followed by definitive cheiloplasty at 6 to 12 months, then by posterior palatoplasty at 1.5 years. The hard palate was not repaired till the age of 5-7 years. This preliminary study indicated that: (1) The growth of maxilla and mandible shows no sex difference, except the anteroposterior maxillary length, which is longer in the cleft males. (2) The maxilla of our group is more retruded than that of normal noncleft children. (3) The mandibular growth is essentially normal except the higher mandibular plane in the cleft females. (4) The intermaxillary relation and skeletal profile of the cleft males are more favourable than in the early closure group. PMID- 3218933 TI - Thromboembolism and problems of anti-coagulation after prosthetic valve replacement. AB - 104 patients who had prosthetic valve replacements were followed up for a period from 5 months to 63 months. The incidence of minor and major thromboembolism for aortic valve replacement was 1.2%/Pt.yr respectively, while the incidence for mitral valve replacement was 3.8%/Pt.yr. respectively. The haemorrhagic complication rate due to anticoagulation was 3.7%/Pt.yr. and the fatality rate due to it was 1.4%/Pt.yr. 75% of the patients who had haemorrhagic complications had a thrombotest of less than 4%. Anticoagulation related morbidity and mortality are significant in this series. Elimination of anticoagulation related complications could have improved the long term mortality rate from 2.95%/Pt.yr. to 1.4%/Pt.yr. PMID- 3218934 TI - Neonatal septicaemia in Kelantan, Malaysia. AB - A retrospective study of 84 cases of neonatal septicaemia admitted into a neonatal unit in a rural area of Malaysia for 1 year between 1st September 1985 to 31st August 1986 was carried out to determine the spectrum of micro-organisms and predisposing factors in relation to early and late onset septicaemia. The incidence of neonatal septicaemia was 2.13 per 1,000 live-births per year and the case fatality was 41.7% with higher case fatality in those who were premature, those who presented as early onset and those who had gram negative septicaemia. The mean age of onset of septicaemia was 7.8 days (range from 2 hours to 27 days). Forty four (52%) neonates had early onset septicaemia with mean age of onset at 2.7 days; forty (48%) neonates had late onset septicaemia presenting at 13.6 days of life. Gram negative organisms such as Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, sp., E. coli and Streptococcus, especially group B Streptococcus were the major organisms in the early onset septicaemia. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the major organisms responsible for the late onset septicaemia. Obstetrical factors played an important role in early onset septicaemia. Prematurity was the most common predisposing factor. Invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including surgery highlighted once again the importance of these procedures in predisposing the newborn to infection. PMID- 3218935 TI - Ventilatory function in Malay female workers in Singapore. AB - Results of the ventilatory function measurements, consisting of Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), in a study of 195 Malay female telephonists in Singapore are reported here. The analysis of the data confirmed that FEV1 and FVC are related to age and height but not weight. The predicted normal values of the Malay female could be obtained from the derived regression equations for FEV1 and FVC. Significant differences in the FEV1 and FVC were observed in the Chinese, Indian, African, British, White and Black American women when compared with the study's Malay female population. These findings are in agreement with many of the previous studies which reported differences in ventilatory function in various racial groups. PMID- 3218936 TI - Empyema of the gallbladder. AB - There is fairly widespread belief that suppuration superimposed upon acute cholecystitis is a rather uncommon condition. Scanty information on this subject is found in the published literature. No doubt, the scarcity of data further reinforces this clinical impression. Yet, from the few studies available, a surprisingly high incidence (7-11%) is documented. We reviewed 518 patients who underwent emergency cholecystectomy and found 139 cases to have frank pus present within the gallbladder. The clinical presentation is often difficult to distinguish from that of acute cholecystitis but diagnosis is crucial to identify this potentially fatal surgical emergency. There are encouraging reports of specific ultrasonic features which can demonstrate the increased viscosity produced by the purulent and fibrinous content within the gallbladder. PMID- 3218938 TI - Evaluation of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in oral premalignant and malignant lesions. PMID- 3218937 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)--an unusual cause of acute confusional state. A case report. AB - Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) presenting as acute confusional state without the classical features of recurrent abdominal pain, constipation, vomiting is uncommon. Such presentation in a young Malay man after a mild upper respiratory tract infection is reported. This is the first case of AIP with psychiatric symptomatology to be reported locally. The subsequent neuropsychiatric changes and interesting EEG changes are briefly discussed. PMID- 3218939 TI - The use of low energy laser therapy to treat aphthous ulcers. PMID- 3218940 TI - Effect of eugenol on prostaglandin E levels in polymorphonuclear cells and serum. PMID- 3218941 TI - Oro-facial cysticercosis. PMID- 3218942 TI - Peripheral calcifying odontogenic cyst. Case report. PMID- 3218944 TI - Oral and laryngeal histoplasmosis in a patient with Addison's disease. PMID- 3218943 TI - Cytology of concomitant oral lesions. PMID- 3218945 TI - Verrucous carcinoma and verrucous hyperplasia of the oral cavity: report of a case. PMID- 3218946 TI - Unusual hypersensitivity reaction to stannous fluoride. PMID- 3218947 TI - Congenital nevocellular nevus of the oral mucosa. PMID- 3218948 TI - [Colonic carcinogenesis]. PMID- 3218949 TI - [2 cases of malignant papillomatosis of the bile ducts]. AB - The authors describe two cases of malignant papillomatosis of the bile ducts whose development was rapid and fatal despite surgical excision. They discuss the effect of liver transplantation on this disease. PMID- 3218950 TI - [Comparative study of the effects of metoclopramide and metopimazine on the duodenojejunal motility during the interdigestive period: a manometric study in healthy subjects]. AB - The objective of this paper was to compare the effects of metoclopramide (MTC) and of metopimazine (MTP) on intestinal motility in normal subjects in the period between digestion by injecting these two agents at a well-defined time of the migrating motor complex (MMC). Duodenojejunal motility was recorded by manometry (four microperfused catheters; study segment: 30 cm) during the period between phases of digestion (fasting greater than 12 hrs), for 4.6 hrs on average (3, 4, 6 hrs). 14 normal volunteer subjects (6 males, and 8 females 19 to 49 years of age) were randomly assigned to 2 study groups and were given MTC (10 mg) or MTP (10 mg) in slow IV injection (5 mins.) at a controlled rate, performed 25 mins after onset of a phase 3 (P3) in the study segment. As a reference, results obtained in a control group of seven subjects recorded under the same conditions are reported, in addition. Changes in MMC were evaluated in each group by the mean number of P3 hourly and the percent of subjects presenting a P3 within the two hours following injection of the test drug. Variations in phase 2 type motility (P2) were measured using motility indices (MI): the sum of the amplitudes, number of waves, per 5 minute interval. The number of hourly P3 was 0.40 for MTC vs 0.28 for MTP (control 0.47); 90 minutes after an injection, the first P3 appeared in 71% of patients in the MTC groups vs. 14% in the MTP group (control 57%). P3 recorded following injection were not different from the preceding in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3218951 TI - [Lyell's syndrome during antidiarrheal treatment]. PMID- 3218952 TI - Evidence for metastatic heterogeneity of human renal cell carcinoma. AB - We determined whether human renal cell carcinoma (HRCC) is heterogeneous and contains cells with different metastatic properties. The parental SN12C line was established in culture from a surgical specimen of HRCC. Clonal populations of cells were isolated by a double-dilution technique. Cells from parental and 11 clonal lines were injected subcutaneously, intravenously, and into the renal subcapsule of nude mice. Seven of the 11 cloned lines differed significantly from the parent line in their ability to produce pulmonary metastases after renal subcapsule injection. These results indicate that this HRCC is heterogeneous for metastasis, and that the outcome of metastasis in nude mice is influenced by the site of implantation. PMID- 3218953 TI - Induced multidrug-resistance in murine sarcoma 180 cells grown in vitro and in vivo and associated changes in expression of multidrug-resistance DNA-sequences and membrane glycoproteins. AB - The aim of this investigation was to analyze the resistance to doxorubicin and daunorubicin of murine sarcoma 180 cells grown in vitro (monolayer) and in vivo (ascites form). The colchicine-resistant CHO cells were used as controls. A multidrug-resistant phenotype was found in all investigated cell lines. Multidrug resistant cells grown in tissue culture or as ascites tumor cells needed more time to accumulate rhodamine 123 than their sensitive parental cells. In order to evaluate whether the resistant cells show alterations in the plasma membranes, different methods were applied (immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoblotting) using the monoclonal antibodies 265/F4 and C 219. These methods all revealed an increased expression of the glycoprotein Mr 170 kd in the multidrug-resistant cell lines. To determine whether multidrug DNA sequences were expressed in the resistant cell lines, slot blots and Northern blots with RNA of sensitive and resistant cells were performed using the clones pDR 7.8 and pcDR 1.5. Elevated RNA levels were detected in all resistant cell lines. PMID- 3218954 TI - A fluorescent study of ligands for guanidinobenzoatase, a protease associated with tumour cells. AB - We have employed ethanol-fixed wax embedded sections of human breast tumours and smears of rat leukaemia cells to provide test systems with recognisable tumour cells amongst normal cells. We have used 9-aminoacridine to locate cells possesing guanidinobenzoatase, an enzyme which degrades fibronectin and which binds 9-aminoacridine to its active centre. The binding of 9-aminoacridine to tumour cells allows these cells to be located by fluorescent microscopy. Pre treatment of these sections with BZAR, a known inhibitor of guanidinobenzoatase inhibited the binding of 9-aminoacridine to the tumour cells. These techniques defined the tumour cells in the sections; we then demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy that both Texas red-agmatine and BZAR also bound to the guanidinobenzoatase of these tumour cells. These fluorescent probes have been used as model compounds to illustrate the ability of both N-substituted agmatines and N-substituted arginines to deliver desired molecules to an enzyme on the surface of tumour cells. Replacement of these fluorescent moieties by cytotoxic moieties attached to the same ligands could lead to selective drug delivery to tumour cells. PMID- 3218955 TI - Culturing and xenografting of primary colorectal carcinoma cells: comparison of in vitro, and in vivo model and primary tumor. AB - In a series of 61 primary colorectal carcinomas, we attempted to determine which primary tumor characteristics correlated with the possibility to continuously maintain tumor cells in vitro or in vivo, and to what extent the characteristics of a primary tumor were maintained in vitro or as xenograft. Four continuous cell lines and 10 serially transplantable tumors were obtained. Only one cell line could be maintained both in vitro and in vivo. Tumors that had metastized and tumors in the proximal colon showed a higher success for in vivo and in vitro growth. DNA analysis showed that in most xenografts the DNA index was identical to that the primary tumor. However, in some cases tumor cell subpopulations were lost or genetically variant new subpopulations were generated. In general, the degree of differentiation in the xenografts corresponded with the least differentiated areas in the primary tumor. Xenografts appeared to display comparable of antigen expression. PMID- 3218956 TI - Comparison of lipid content, surface membrane fluidity, and temperature dependence of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) accumulation in sensitive and resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells. AB - We conducted studies to determine whether the cisplatin (DDP)-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line designated 2008/DDP has membrane changes which could slow the passive diffusion of the drug into cells, thereby accounting for the observed reduction in DDP accumulation in 2008/DDP cells compared to the sensitive parental 2008 cells. To this end, we compared three indicators of membrane lipid composition and fluidity in the resistant and sensitive cells. In a comparison of major membrane lipid classes, the resistant line had a 17% increase in phosphatidyl choline, and an 11% increase in phosphatidyl ethanolamine relative to the sensitive line. There were no differences in the other major phospholipids or in the free cholesterol content of the cell lines. Secondly, results of fluorescence polarization measurements on whole cells of each line using the plasma membrane specific probe trimethylammonium diphenylhexatriene revealed no difference between the cell lines at both 28 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Finally, an examination of the temperature-dependence of DDP accumulation over 1 h produced Arrhenius plots of similar shape in 2008 and 2008/DDP cells. Both plots were linear from 40 degrees C down to a break point between 4 degrees C and 12 degrees C. The Q10's for DDP accumulation from 30 degrees C to 40 degrees C were greater than 2 in each cell line and were not significantly different. Results of these 3 comparisons point to substantial similarity in the bulk membrane lipid composition and fluidity of the two cell lines. We conclude that decreased DDP accumulation in our resistant cells is not due to membrane changes that would be expected to retard passive diffusion of the drug into the cells. PMID- 3218957 TI - Reduction of anthracycline cardiotoxicity by amrinone and sulmazole. AB - In attempts to alleviate or prevent anthracycline toxicity, we have recently reported that amrinone and sulmazole markedly reduce the negative inotropic effect of adriamycin and 4-epiadriamycin in isolated spontaneously beating guinea pig atria in normodynamic or hypodynamic conditions. Amrinone and sulmazole are non catecholamine, non glycoside agents with inotropic properties. The present study reports the effects of adriamycin and 4-epiadriamycin (100 micrograms/ml) on electrically driven isolated guinea pig left atrium in normodynamic or hypodynamic conditions. Exposure for 60' to the two drugs caused a depression of contractile force and of maximal rate of contractile force (df/dt). The cardiac depressant effect of adriamycin as shown previously on spontaneously beating atria does not differ from that of 4-epiadriamycin. The negative effects of the two antitumor drugs are antagonized by amrinone (200 micrograms/ml) and sulmazole (100 micrograms/ml). PMID- 3218958 TI - Pharmacological activities of droloxifene isomers. AB - Droloxifene (DROL) is a new antiestrogen which is used for the treatment of endocrine-responsive breast cancer in humans. As Droloxifene exists in a Z- and E isomer, we investigated the main pharmacological properties of both isomers. For both compounds the following tests were conducted: affinity for the estrogen receptor (ER); effect on the growth of rat uteri; influence on the growth of the ER + human breast cancer cell line ZR-75; and isomer interconversion in vitro. DROL-(Z) had binding affinity to the cytosolic ER approximately ten times lower than that of DROL-(E). Furthermore, the estrogenic effect of DROL-(Z) in the rat uterus is weak and there is no antiestrogenic activity. The lack of antiestrogenic activity of DROL-(Z) in contrast to DROL-(E) could also be shown in the human breast cancer cells ZR-75. Thus DROL-(Z) is, as far as investigated, without antiestrogenic and estrogenic activities. Of note is the stability of both DROL-isomers. There is no interconversion or metabolism of the parent compounds DROL-(E) and DROL-(Z) in vitro. PMID- 3218959 TI - In vitro transformation of Chinese hamster lung cell line. AB - Karyotypical changes in connection with spontaneous in vitro transformation of primary Chinese hamster lung cultures were followed. At the 26th passage the cultures were spontaneously transformed to an established cell line in the near diploid range (CHAL-cells). The only chromosomal change which could be observed in the stemline of CHAL-cultures after R-banding and karyotyping was the presence of an extra chromosome giving the following karyotype, 23, XY, +mar. The distal part of the marker showed banding patterns corresponding to 3q21-3qter. PMID- 3218960 TI - RES-macrophage stimulation and liver tumour growth in rats; evaluation with dynamic liver RES scintigraphy. AB - Dynamic liver RES scintigraphy with Nanocoll (99Tcm albumin colloid - 50 nm diameter) assessing RES-macrophage phagocytic function was performed in 40 control, 73 RES-stimulated non-tumour-bearing and 59 tumour-bearing Wistar/FU rats in vivo. Tumour-bearing rats were inoculated with 10(6) x 1.0 cells of a syngeneic nitrosoguanidine-induced colonic carcinoma in the liver. Twenty-eight of these rats had been treated one day previously with Zymosan (3 mg x 100 g-1 i v) as a RES stimulant. The clearance/uptake rate (k) of Nanocoll was calculated from dynamic liver images by the slope in the plot 1n [1 - U(t)/U] versus t where t is time and U liver uptake. k-value in control animals was 0.45 +/- 0.01.10(-2) x s-1 Zymosan injection in non-tumour-bearing rats caused stati-stically significant higher clearance/uptake rate on day 1, through 8 after treatment compared to that of controls. On day 8 k-value was 0.64 +/- 0.04. In tumour bearing rats the uptake rate (k) was on day 8 0.66 +/- 0.03, while in RES stimulated tumour-bearing rats it was 0.64 +/- 0.03. Survival was 22 +/- 1 days in tumour bearing rats and 37 +/- 4 days in RES stimulated tumour-bearing rats. The average tumour volume after one week was 132 +/- 24 mm3 in non-stimulated rats and 20 +/- 5 mm3 in RES stimulated rats. There was a negative correlation between uptake rate and tumour volume and a positive correlation between uptake rate and survival on day 8 in non-stimulated tumour-bearing rats. Dynamic liver RES scintigraphy with small size 99Tcm albumin colloid (Nanocoll) can be used to measure RES phagocytic function and the effect of liver tumour growth on RES. PMID- 3218961 TI - Modulation of receptor levels in canine breast tumors by administration of tamoxifen and etretinate either alone or in combination. AB - Steroid receptors were measured in a series of 30 operable canine mammary gland tumors; both cytoplasmic estrogen (ERc) and progesterone (PgRc) receptor mean concentrations were very low with respect to the mean levels found in humans. Therefore a study was designed to modulate receptor levels by administration of Tamoxifen and Etretinate, either alone or in combination. Forty dogs with resectable, histologically documented mammary gland tumors were subdivided into the following treatment groups: a. Etretinate (1 mg/kg/d) p.o. for 7 days followed by Tamoxifen (0.7 mg/kg/d) p.o. for 7 days; b. Tamoxifen (0.7 mg/kg/d) p.o. for 14 days; c. Etretinate (1 mg/kg/d) p.o. for 14 days; d. 14 days placebo, and cytoplasmic ERc and PgRc and nuclear ER (ERn) were measured before and after the treatment. An increase of ERc and ERn was observed after administration of Tamoxifen, while an increase of ERc only was seen after treatment with Etretinate. We conclude that canine mammary tumors are indeed hormone sensitive despite their very low receptor concentrations and a suitable treatment can in fact modulate receptor levels. However, further studies are needed better to define the optimal treatment regimen in order to achieve maximal steroid receptor induction. PMID- 3218962 TI - Different responsiveness of normal and leukemic hemopoietic cells to esorubicin. AB - The effect of different Esorubicin concentrations (10(-7) M to 10(-10) M) has been tested on the in vitro growth of human normal hemopoietic progenitor cells and of three leukemic cell lines (K562, U 937, HL60). The highest drug concentration completely abolished both normal and leukemic proliferation. Lower doses of Esorubicin failed to induce any morphological or phenotypic differentiation of leukemic cell lines. A 24h pretreatment of the cells with 10( 9) M Esorubicin enhanced the in vitro proliferation of normal early myeloid progenitor cells, whereas it did not affect leukemic, myelomonocytic cell proliferation. PMID- 3218963 TI - Effect of pyridoxine and pyridoxal on the in vitro growth of human malignant melanoma. AB - The in vitro effect of vitamin B-6 supplementation on the growth of a human malignant melanoma cell line (M21-HPB) was investigated. Varying concentrations of pyridoxine (PN) or pyridoxal (PL) were added to cell cultures and incubated for 12 days. Pharmacologic levels of PL (0.25-0.5 mM) resulted in significant reductions in cell proliferation. Physiologic levels (0.005 mM) did not retard growth. Cells incubated with PN showed growth stimulation. Intracellular levels of PL and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) were increased in cells exposed to pharmacologic PL (0.05-0.5 mM) concentrations, but not PN. These data suggest that PL or PLP may be involved in regulating the growth of melanoma cells and that vitamin B-6 may have potential use as an antineoplastic agent. PMID- 3218964 TI - Plasma retinol levels and side effects following high-dose retinyl acetate in breast cancer patients. AB - Plasma retinol levels and toxicity were evaluated in thirteen metastatic breast cancer patients treated orally with high-dose (300,000 I.U./day) retinyl acetate in combination with oral tamoxifen. Following the first dose of the drug, there was a drop of plasma retinol concentrations followed by a recovery to the pre treatment levels and by a further increase to reach a plateau six to eight hours after drug administration. During the first two months of treatment cumulative increase of plasma retinol was seen, and long-term systemic concentrations in the +50-60% range level were maintained by the treatment. The toxicity observed was acceptable and included gastrointestinal symptoms, skin toxicity and headache. These toxicities could be related to the long-term increase of retinol systemic concentrations. We concluded that the daily dose of 300,000 I.U. retinyl acetate can be administered to cancer patients over a period of several months, is well tolerated and yields a substantial increase of systemic retinol. PMID- 3218965 TI - Characterization of a continuous cell line (MHH-NB-11) derived from advanced neuroblastoma. AB - A continuous cell line was established from an explanted tumor biopsy obtained from a patient with advanced neuroblastoma, which showed no response to chemotherapy. This cell line MHH-NB-11 retained most properties of the original immature tumor, even after xenotransplantation into nude mice. The cell line consisted of small dense cells with scant cytoplasm and thin; long processes and expressed neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin, but neither GFAP nor S-100 protein. Karyotyping showed karyograms with 49 to 54 chromosomes, with a modal at 52. Most cells had trisomy 2,7,8,20, but only few structural aberrations were observed. Two of four chromosomes 1 showed a rearrangement of the terminal 1p segment, and all cells had a long HSR on the long arm of one of the chromosomes 13. This region hybridized in situ with the N-myc probe pNB-1. N-myc was amplified 20-fold in this neuroblastoma cell line as determined in Southern blot analysis. This cell line should be a useful tool in vitro or as a xenograft model for neuroblastoma research. PMID- 3218966 TI - Doxorubicin treatment increases metastasis of prostate tumor (R3327-MatLyLu). AB - Doxorubicin (Dx) effects on metastatic spreading of prostate cancer were investigated using a rat metastatic tumor (R3327-MatLyLu). Intravenous injection of monodispersed tumor cells resulted in tumor nodule formation in the lungs. A simultaneous bolus injection of Dx (3.2 mg/Kg) caused a significant decrease in lung colony formation and growth. However, Dx administered during the course of spontaneous metastasis, or as adjuvant chemotherapy 24 hours before surgical removal of primary tumor, caused a significant increase in metastasis to the lungs. It is concluded that an intravenous doxorubicin bolus injection does not provide an antimetastatic effect, but increases metastatic spreading of prostate tumor. PMID- 3218967 TI - In vitro deacetylation studies with isomeric acetamidobiphenyls using selective carboxylesterase inhibitors. AB - The hydrolysis of three isomeric arylamides 2-acetamidobiphenyl (2-AABP), 3 acetamidobiphenyl (3-AABP) and 4-acetamidobiphenyl (4-AABP) by microsomal carboxylesterases from mouse, hamster, guinea-pig, rat and rabbit livers was investigated. 2-AABP was hydrolysed at the fastest rate in all species except the mouse, the rate of hydrolysis of the 3 and 4 isomers was similar. The hydrolysis of the isomers in all species was inhibited by 10(-4) M paraoxon permitting the general identification of enzyme(s) responsible as "B" esterases. The more selective inhibitors bis-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) and bis-(4-cyanophenyl) phosphate (BCPP) permitted further characterisation of the esterase(s) as a ES-3 carboxylesterase. However, the hydrolysis of 2-AABP was considerably less sensitive to these inhibitors than 3-AABP and 4-AABP, indicating that 2-AABP is a favoured substrate for the enzyme. The mouse arylamide hydrolysing activity was uniformly less sensitive to both BNPP and BCPP suggesting an enzyme distinct from ES-3 carboxylesterase may be involved. PMID- 3218969 TI - Novel lipid analogs with cytostatic and cytocidal activity. AB - 1-0-Alkyl diol and glyceryl ether lipids with a quaternary ammonium polar head group were synthesized and the cytotoxicity (IC50) tested against KB cells, with low 1-0-alkyl-cleavage activity, and rat hepatoma 77 cells with relatively high 1 0-alkyl-cleavage activity. The original premise was that the compounds would be inactivated by the cleavage enzyme and thus be selectively toxic to cells with less of the enzyme. Results with two other cell lines with equivalent cleavage enzyme, HL-60 and K562-4, however, are not consistent with this premise. PMID- 3218968 TI - Proliferation behavior of xenografted human tumors: a flow cytometric study. AB - The proliferation behavior of three adenocarcinomas derived from the colon rectum, colon sigmoideum and the lung was pursued by flow cytophotometry between 0 h and 38 h after heterotransplantation to athymic mice. On principle, the same pattern of alterations was observed in the case of all three tumors, the time parameters slightly varying in dependence on growth velocity. At first, the number of intact tumor cells markedly decreased during 16-24 h after transplantation, being accompanied by an increase of cellular debris and an immigration of numerous host animal cells; the latter became the quantitatively preponderant portion of cells between days 2 and 8. On day 6, the tumor cell population began to proliferate. At first, the G1 peak rose, followed by the appearance of tumor cells in the S and (G2 + M) phases. Simulataneously, the relative portions of mouse cells and cellular debris diminished. Between days 14 and 30, when maximum rates of macroscopic growth of the heterotransplants were achieved, the cytokinetic features of the xenografts had stabilized and were characterized by the presence of a small portion of mouse cells and a prominent tumor cell population, most cells being in the G1 phase and a smaller number passing through the S and (G2 + M) phases. Beyond day 30, degeneration phenomena again occurred, which were reflected by a decay of mouse and tumor cell populations and a simultaneous increase of cell fragments. By cytokinetic means, the results of the present study reveal a multistep development of human tumors after heterotransplantation into nude mice, and confirm the importance of host supplied cells for the removal of degenerated tumor cells and the induction of tumor cell proliferation. Moreover, the results show that a stable cytokinetic pattern is found only during the phase of macroscopic tumor growth and the following phase of steady state. PMID- 3218970 TI - Terminal differentiation of human leukemic blasts in response to 12-0 tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate (TPA). AB - Phorbol ester, 12-0-Tetradecanoyl-13-Phorbol-Acetate (TPA), induces a terminal macrophage-like differentiation of cells from human acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines. We report here that blastoid cells obtained from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (M1-M2) undergo differentiation-related changes characteristic of macrophage lineage after exposure to TPA. Blast cells from a patient with ANLL-M1 M2 underwent morphological, functional and histochemical changes after treatment with 1 x 10(-7) and 1 x 10(-8) M TPA. The changes included adhesion to the plastic substrate, 2-4 fold increase in the number of NBT positive cells and an increase in the number of alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (alpha-NAE) positive cells. These differentiation changes after treatment with TPA were followed by decrease in proliferative index and G1 cells containing high RNA as estimated by flow cytometry. Of the thirteen cases of undifferentiated or unclassified leukemias studied, two failed to respond to TPA. These data suggest that leukemic blasts retain their ability to express a variety of differentiated functions on induction by TPA. Our data gives evidence suggesting that the "switch" into the differentiation pathways occurred after inhibition of proliferation and reduction in the percentage of G1 high RNA containing cells. PMID- 3218971 TI - Antimetastatic effect of amiloride in an animal tumour model. AB - The diuretic Amiloride competitively inhibits the catalytic activity of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator on plasminogen in vitro. This effect was tested on a rat adenocarcinoma model and its invasive potential in the host lung. While the inhibitory effect on intact cell cultures of the tumour was slight, continuous exposure of tumour-injected animals to the drug completely prevented the formation of lung metastasis. PMID- 3218972 TI - Preclinical pharmacokinetics of the antitumor antibiotic deshydroxy-sparsomycin in beagle dogs. AB - Sparsomycin (Sm) is a well known inhibitor of protein synthesis with anticancer potential. In order to minimize toxicity of this drug and increase its activity, several analogues were synthesized. Deshydroxy-Sm (dSm) appeared to be a good candidate for further investigations because of its lower toxicity and significantly higher antitumor activity in several ascitic tumors in mice. Pharmacokinetic evaluation in beagle dogs was performed using either single iv bolus or continuous infusion administrations. The drug was eliminated with a terminal t1/2 beta of 0.8 +/- 0.08 hours (48 +/- 5 minutes). The mean volume of distribution was 0.4 +/- 0.06 l.kg-1. The mean total body clearance was 6.4 +/- 0.8 ml.min-1.kg-1. The drug is eliminated mainly by the kidneys (54%). Active tubular secretion and active tubular reabsorption of the drug were observed. The pharmacokinetics was linear until the lethal dose. The results of this study provided additional data useful in selection of potentially useful analogues for further preclinical studies. PMID- 3218973 TI - Effect of megestrol acetate or melengestrol acetate on preneoplastic and neoplastic mammary growth in mice. AB - Pellets of megestrol acetate and melengestrol acetate were implanted subcutaneously every one and two months, respectively, into 3-5 month old SHN virgin mice. Spontaneous mammary tumourigenesis was significantly enhanced by both steroids. The formation of preneoplastic mammary hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) was, in contrast, inhibited by both progestins. As these results closely resemble the effects of progesterone and of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the development of mammary tumours both in the SHN mouse and in the woman, it seems likely that this animal model may prove valuable for the study of human breast cancer that is no longer responsive to progestins. PMID- 3218974 TI - MFO activity changes in single living 3T3 fibroblasts treated with adriamycin. AB - The effects of Adriamycin on 3T3 fibroblasts has been followed by microspectrofluorimetry. MFO activity was monitored by BaP metabolism and three points were studied: long-term ADR treatment, reversibility of this treatment and cysteamine effect on ADR treatment. The appearance of a sub-population that does not accumulate BaP suggests either a greater efflux of BaP or no penetration of the compound after ADR treatment. Moreover drastic morphological changes were observed. PMID- 3218977 TI - Abstracts of the Second International Conference of Anticancer Research. October 11-15, 1988. Saronis, Greece. PMID- 3218975 TI - Antitumour activity of a new water-soluble nitrosoureido sugar: CY233 (NSC 609224). AB - L1210 leukemia was used to evaluate the antitumour activity in vivo of CY233 (NSC 609224) a new water-soluble nitrosoureido derivative of deoxysugar currently being studied in preclinical trials. The antitumour activity of CY233 is dose dependent with the same large therapeutic index whatever the route of administration (I.P., I.V., per os). Thus starting from a single dose of 10 mg/kg (less than 25% of the LD50), 80% to 100% of mice survive at 120 days, whether the drug is being administered I.V., I.P. or P.O. These results clearly emphasize the very original and promising potentiality of CY233 among the series of alkylating agents, and more precisely nitrosoureas. PMID- 3218976 TI - Lectin-binding pattern in human non-Hodgkin lymphoma xenografts. AB - The glycan profile of cell surface proteins has been studied on three human non Hodgkin lymphoma xenografts of B-cell origin using a panel of biotinylated lectins. All three lines showed a more heterogeneous lectin-binding pattern than normal peripherial blood lymphocytes (PBLs) involving both the inner core and antenna part of the glycans. The conservative inner core (N-N-acetylchitobiose and oligomannose) was similar but fucosylated to various extents in the different lymphomas. The structure of the antennae of PBLs was characterized by glcNac-gal and galNac-gal-Sa sequences, while in lymphomas additional asialo as well as sialylated galNac containing antennae have been identified. This study suggests that NHLs sharing many immunophenotypic features show intertumoral differences in their lectin-binding pattern. PMID- 3218978 TI - The effect of benzoic acid derivatives on Nicotiana tabacum growth in relation to PR-b1 production. AB - Using HPLC quantification, we have shown that benzoic acid derivatives stimulate PR-b1 protein synthesis in the leaf discs of Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi nc. The stimulation of PR-b protein synthesis during treatment with several benzoic acid derivatives is described for the first time in the root system of in vitro grown Nicotiana tabacum plantlets. In healthy in vitro grown plantlets the PR-b1 concentration is similar in roots and leaves (200 ng per gram of fresh material). During chemical treatment, however, the PR-b1 concentration increases to a lesser extent in roots than in leaves (10-fold higher in treated roots and 100-fold higher in treated leaves). Benzoic acid derivatives also have a detrimental effect on the growth of in vitro plantlets, which may be related to the accumulation of PR-b proteins. PMID- 3218979 TI - Inhibitory effects of 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine and 3-(adenin-9-yl)-2 hydroxypropanoic acid 2-methylpropylester on potato virus X replication. AB - 9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)adenine (DHPA) and 3-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid 2-methylpropylester (AHPA-MP)) markedly inhibit the replication of potato virus X (PVX). The latter compound inhibits virus replication more effectively at the lower concentration range. In synchronized virus-infected leaf-disks, the time response course of inhibition by both compounds is almost identical, and similar to that of cycloheximide. PMID- 3218980 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the normal and pathologic cervix uteri (dystrophy, dysplasia and cancer)]. PMID- 3218981 TI - [Contribution of immunohistochemistry to the histogenesis of uterine sarcoma]. PMID- 3218982 TI - [Hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid: confrontation of cytologic data of the blood cell count and of the CSF cell count]. PMID- 3218983 TI - [Hepatic cytopuncture and image analysis: confirmation of the existence of a polyploidy of normal hepatocyte nuclei]. PMID- 3218984 TI - [Cytology of the esophagus by endoscopic brushing: value in the diagnosis of gastro-esophageal reflux]. PMID- 3218985 TI - [Apropos of a case of malignant schwannoma with rhabdomyoblastic components. Malignant Triton tumor]. PMID- 3218987 TI - [Nutrient media for the biosynthesis of eremomycin]. AB - The composition of the medium for biosynthesis of eremomycin was optimized with mathematical design of the experiment. Optimal concentrations of the medium components were determined with the method of orthogonal latin squares. The levels of eremomycin production on the medium were 60-89 per cent higher than those on the initial medium. PMID- 3218986 TI - [Trace elements in raw materials and nutrient media for cultivation of antibiotic producing organisms]. AB - The contents of microelements such as Fe, Cu, Zn and As in samples of raw materials including food grade ones used in preparation of nutrient media for cultivation of antibiotic-producing organism and water were determined spectrophotometrically with using complex forming organic reagents. An original procedure for the sample combustion in the assay was developed. The natural background levels of the microelements in the nutrient media used in manufacture of some antibiotics were estimated. PMID- 3218989 TI - [Intramolecular hydrogen bonds and conformation of the lincomycin molecule in organic solvents]. AB - IR spectra (1600-1800 and 3000-3650 cm-1) of lincomycin base solutions in inert (CCl4 and C2Cl4), proton acceptor (dioxane, dimethylsulfoxide and triethyl amine) and proton donor (CHCl3, CD3OD and D2O) solvents were studied. Analysis of the concentration and temperature changes in the spectra revealed that association in lincomycin in the inert solvents was due to intramolecular hydrogen linkage involving amide and hydroxyl groups. Disintegration of the associates after the solution dilution and temperature rise was accompanied by formation of intramolecular bonds stabilizing the stable conformation structure of the lincomycin molecule. The following hydrogen linkage in the conformation was realized: NH...N (band v NH...N at 3340 cm-1), OH...O involving the hydroxyl at C 7 and O atoms in the D-galactose ring (band v OH...O at 3548 cm-1), a chain of the hydrogen bonds OH...OH...OH in the lincomycin carbohydrate moiety (band v OH...O at 3593 cm-1 and v OH of the end hydroxyl group at 3625 cm-1). Bonds NH and C-O of the amide group were located in transconformation. Group C-O did not participate in the intramolecular hydrogen linkage. PMID- 3218988 TI - [Semisynthetic derivatives of daunorubicin and carminomycin: inhibition of DNA synthesis after intravenous administration to mice]. AB - Inhibition of DNA synthesis in the liver, kidneys, spleen and heart of mice after intravenous administration of 0.1 and 0.3 LD50 of semisynthetic derivatives of rubomycin (daunorubicin) and carminomycin was studied. The level of DNA synthesis inhibition was estimated by a decrease in incorporation of (methyl-3H) thymidine. Under the action of 13-trebutoxycarbonyl hydrazone and 14-salicyloiloxy derivatives of rubomycin and carminomycin maximum inhibition of DNA synthesis was reached later while its recovery started earlier as compared to the initial antibiotics. PMID- 3218990 TI - [Study of general toxic properties and side effects of polymethylsiloxane and gentamicin immobilized on it]. AB - A long-acting dosage form for local use of gentamicin immobilized on polymethylsiloxane, a silicon organic adsorbent was developed. It combined the antimicrobial spectrum of gentamicin and the local sorption-detoxication action of the matrix. In acute and chronic experiments on 5 species of laboratory animals it was shown that polymethylsiloxane had no general toxic action on the animals, no damaging action on their internal organs, did not affect their functions and the state of the biological fluids, had no pyrogenic or allergenic effect. During gentamicin immobilization on polymethylsiloxane there was observed no increase in the antibiotic toxicity as compared to the nonimmobilized dosage form of the antibiotic. Further study of the immobilized dosage form of gentamicin is advisable. PMID- 3218992 TI - [Astasian: A new stimulator of peritoneal macrophages]. AB - Immunological properties of astasin, a novel substance isolated from Astasia longa was studied. 3-4 days after intraperitoneal administration of astasin in a dose of 1000 micrograms per a mouse (50 mg/kg) in the form of suspension in physiological solution or gel in dimethylsulfoxide there was observed maximum increase in the number of the Fc-receptor cells of the macrophage plasmatic membranes and intensity of sheep red blood cell phagocytosis (3.6-4 and 3.2-4 fold, respectively). Dimethylsulfoxide solution of astasin increased migration of the cells into the abdominal cavity by 5.8 times. The respective figure for the astasin suspension was 28. times. Therefore, differences in the nature of the effect and quantitative indices after the exposure to astasin in the above two forms were observed. Sodium chloride isotonic solution of astasin had a retarded but more prolonged effect on the macrophages which was probably due to gradual digestion of the polysaccharide phagocyted granules by the macrophages. PMID- 3218991 TI - [Late effects of the hematotoxic action of antineoplastic antibiotics of the anthracycline group]. AB - The morphological and functional states of hemopoiesis at late periods (up to 6 months) after using daunorubicin, carminomycin and doxorubicin, antitumor antibiotics of the anthracycline group in doses of 1/10 LD50 for 10 days were studied on 764 noninbred rats and 240 BALB/c mice. On various compensatory functional models of hemopoiesis strain there was shown persisting inhibition of hematopoietic tissue functional activity and limited reserve reactions of granulocyto- and erythropoiesis 3 and to a lesser extent 6 months after the cytostatic action. PMID- 3218993 TI - [Prospects for the use of monoclonal antibodies in Yersinia pestis]. AB - Industrial production of plague monoclonal antibodies in mice BALB/c was shown possible. Precipitation of the immunoglobulins with caprylic acid provided the highest purity of the preparations. Maintenance of the specific activity by the monoclonal antibodies was stable. The immunoenzymatic conjugate and erythrocytic diagnosticum on the basis of the monoclonal antibodies are sensitive, specific and may be used in antiplague practice. PMID- 3218994 TI - [Partial purification and various characteristics of antibacterial factor in preparations of interferon]. AB - A factor showing antibacterial activity was isolated from human alpha-interferon native preparations with affinity chromatography on immobilized cells of staphylococci. The antibacterial activity was found to be stable to the effect of nucleases and heating. Exposure to trypsin activated the antibacterial activity while exposure to pepsin somewhat destroyed it. Growth of the staphylococcal culture resistant to antibiotics was inhibited by the factor. PMID- 3218996 TI - [The antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotic aclarubicin (experimental data)]. PMID- 3218995 TI - [Benzylpenicillin levels in the serum and bone tissue of the lower jaw in patients with chronic traumatic osteomyelitis after intraosseous and intramuscular administration]. AB - Penetration of benzylpenicillin into pathological foci was studied in 48 patients with chronic traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw after intramuscular and intraosseous administration of the antibiotic. A group of 10 patients operated for congenital deformations of the lower jaw was used as the control. The results showed that after intramuscular administration benzylpenicillin penetration into the inflammation focus of the lower jaw was better than that into the intact bone only for the first 30 minutes. At later periods it was detected in both the cases as traces. After intraosseous administration of the drug in doses of 50,000 and 200,000 units its accumulation in the bone tissue of the patients with chronic traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw in 30 minutes was respectively 75 and 160 times higher than that after the intramuscular injections. The period of its presence in the pathological focus as the therapeutic levels was also higher i. e. up to 2 hours. Intraosseous route of benzylpenicillin administration is likely to decrease the quantity of the drug needed for treating patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw. PMID- 3218997 TI - [Analysis of psychosocial findings of patients admitted at an emergency service following attempted suicide]. PMID- 3218998 TI - [Case-control survey methodology in the epidemiology of cancer. I. Principles, planning and conduct of the surveys]. PMID- 3218999 TI - [Case-control survey methodology in the epidemiology of cancer. II. Statistical analysis and interpretation of results]. PMID- 3219000 TI - [Anticoagulant treatment during pregnancy in patients with prosthetic valves]. PMID- 3219001 TI - [Effect of adenosine on P50 and its relation to 2,3-diphosphoglycerate]. AB - The effects of increasing doses of intravenous adenosine upon the dissociation haemoglobin curve (DHC) and its relation to the intraerythrocytic level of 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG), were studied in 17 anesthetized dogs. The DHC moved significantly to the left in all dogs except at the dose of 120 micrograms/kg/min which induces a displacement to the right. These changes in the DHC were parallel to the intraerythrocytic levels of 2,3-DPG. We conclude that adenosine modifies the DHC, shifting it generally to the left, and that this effect seems to be related to a change in the intraerythrocytic level of 2,3-DPG. PMID- 3219002 TI - [Vascular conductance and critical closing pressure in the isolated canine lung in situ. Its natural history]. AB - The vascular pressure-flow relationship (P-QL) in West's zone II condition were studied in isolated, in situ, canine, left lower lobe (ISLL) in order to characterize the total resistance in the pulmonary vascular bed (Rp), the normal values for pulmonary vascular conductance (Cv) and for critical closing pressure (PLc). After the basal parameters were obtained, measurements of Cv and PLc were done every 30' in order to know the natural history (NH) of this canine ISLL preparation. The P-QL relationship of the pulmonary vasculature of the ISLL preparation, perfused under classical zone II conditions, can be characterized by a rectilinear segment at high flow, a curvilinear segment at low flow and a pulmonary arterial pressure that exceeds alveolar (PA) pressure at zero flow. This demonstrates the existence of critical closing pressure (PLc) in the pulmonary vascular bed. The mean control Cv and PLc were 38.5 +/- 14 (ml. min)/mmHg and 7.9 +/- 2.2 mmHg respectively; those parameters did not change through the observation of the experiment. PLc was found to be independent of bronchial flow and it was not related to PA when the values for this pressure were less than 5 cm H20. On the contrary, higher levels of PA pressure were significantly related to PLc (r = 0.94, p less than 0.05). We conclude that in this model of ISLL in West's zone II condition it is possible to study the two components of Rp, one given by vessels that determine changes in flow resistance and for the other vessels disclosing critical closure. The values of these components remained stable over 180' of observation. PMID- 3219004 TI - [Measurement of sinoatrial conduction time]. AB - A prolonged sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) is one of the electrophysiologic characteristics of sick sinus syndrome. Because conduction from the sinus node to the atrium can not be assessed directly, an indirect method for estimating the SACT was developed by Strauss et al.: the premature atrial stimulation technique. The theoretical basis of the method is reviewed and the use of atrial spontaneous premature beats is proposed to estimate the SACT instead of electrical premature atrial stimulation. PMID- 3219003 TI - [Calculation of the slope of the ST/HR segment]. AB - Several methods for evaluation of exercise stress testing (EST) have been described in order to analyze the relationship between ST segment changes and heart rate. The ST/HR slope has demonstrated to be worthwhile in identifying severe coronary artery disease (CAD). We applied this method in patients catalogued as borderline in the traditional exercise test to find out if they could be considered to have a severe CAD. The patients were divided into two groups: the A, which included 41 patients with borderline EST, and the group B with 41 patients with normal EST. Age, risk factors, double product and ST/HR slope were evaluated. The testing was done on a treadmill with the Bruce protocol. Four patients in group A had ST/HR slope greater than 6.0 mu Volt/beat/min (two of them with borderline EST). Whereas all patients in group B had ST/HR slope values less than 6.0. We concluded this is a sensitive method for discrimination between normal and borderline EST. We found no correlation among age, sex, risk factors, double product and ST/HR slope. Approximately 10 percent of borderline EST would be underestimated with the traditional method. The calculation of the slope obtained its maximum applicability in patients with almost maximum EST. PMID- 3219005 TI - [Heart position as a determinant of the voltage of the R wave in healthy subjects]. AB - Although many factors have been reported to change the R wave amplitude of the electrocardiogram, the direct measurement without any consideration, has been the method of choice, which leads to controversial findings. We hypothesized that body mass index and heart position are the main modifiers of the R wave amplitude. To test this hypothesis 80 normal subjects were studied with standard electrocardiograms in which correlation with constitutional variables were performed and were also analyzed according to the electrocardiographic heart position. R wave amplitude showed a non-significant inverse relationship to body mass except in severe overweight subjects (p less than 0.05). When analyzed by position, levorotated and S1, S2, S3 hearts showed a significant increase in R wave voltage whereas horizontal and dextrorotated ones showed a diminished amplitude (p less than 0.01) independent of body weight. There was no relation between R wave voltage and body surface. We conclude that: Body mass is not an important modifier of R wave amplitude in thin, normal and light overweight subjects. Heart position may induce significant variation of R wave voltage according to the degree of the projection of the left ventricular electric field to the anterior thoracic surface. PMID- 3219006 TI - [Histologic correlation of ischemic and chagasic ventricular aneurysms. Relation to physiopathology]. AB - We depict the histologic findings of ventricular aneurysms in 8 patients, 5 with Chagas heart disease and 3 secondary to myocardial infarction. Chagas disease and ischemic cardiopathy are the 2 conditions which show the highest incidence of ventricular aneurysms. The first one averages more than 60% in large series. The second one reveals ventricular aneurysms as a complication of myocardial infarction in 20-25% in large series. Both entities share identical hallmarks, and the same frequency of complications related to the presence of the aneurysms: vgr. sudden death, presence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias, thromboembolism, etc. Several histologic findings help to differentiate both conditions. Inflammatory cells, monocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes interspersed within myocardial fibers, plus diverse lesions of myocytolysis point to a diagnosis of Chagas disease. We consider scar fibrosis as another capital difference to be observed in aneurysms of chagasic or ischemic origin. Fibrosis of ischemic origin is intense and early depending upon a quick stimulation of collagen I and III during the first days of myocardial infarction. Conversely, in Chagas disease the injury to the myofibrils by immunocomplexes is very slow and consequently collagen response will be slower and with lesser fibrotic response. We have previously considered in other publications this phenomenon after a geometrical-dynamical model have been designed for this purpose. PMID- 3219007 TI - [Diagnosis of ischemic heart disease by infusion of isopropylarterenol: comparison with ergometry and validation by coronary arteriography]. AB - In order to evaluate isopropylarterenol infusion (ISO) as a diagnostic procedure in ischemic heart disease, we performed a clinical study in 54 patients controlled with exercise stress test (ERGO) and validated by coronary arteriography. Eighteen patients had normal coronary arteriographic findings and 36 had coronary artery disease. In both groups the hemodynamic response was similar in either test used (ERGO or ISO), when similar heart rates were reached. The sensitivity of ERGO was 80.55% and 86.11% for ISO and specificity of 77.72% and 72.26% respectively in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. When both tests are associated their sensitivity is 83.30% and their specificity is 75.0% (Table V). The ISO test was not accompanied with adverse effects and could be considered as a useful method in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, similar to ERGO. Additionally ISO could be applied to understand some physiopathological mechanisms of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 3219008 TI - [Surgery in children with atrial septal defects without cardiac catheterization]. AB - We describe the results of surgical repair of atrial septal defects in 36 children who did not undergo pre-op cardiac catheterization. These cases were seen at the Hospital de Cardiologia y Neumologia Dr. Luis Mendez del Centro Medico Nacional. There were 24 (67%) females and twelve (33%) males. The mean age was 6.4 +/- 2.4 years with a range from three to thirteen. All cases had auscultatory findings typical of atrial septal defect. Five patients with associated tricuspid murmur (chest film showed grade I cardiomegaly in 21 (58.3 per cent), grade II cardiomegaly in fifteen (41.7 percent). Pulmonary artery shadow was normal in 24 (66.6 percent) and increased in twelve (33.3%). Pulmonary blood flow was increased in all of them. Electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm in 35 (97.2%). In one instance left atrial rhythm; all EKGs demonstrated right axis deviation, complete right bundle branch block and right ventricular hypertrophy with diastolic overload. Only three had right atrial hypertrophy. The M-mode echocardiogram showed right ventricular dilatation in all and paradoxically septal motion in 26 (72.2%). Two-dimensional echo with the subxiphoid view allowed direct visualization of the defect in all cases. We performed contrast echocardiogram in eight cases and Doppler echocardiogram in six of them. Cardiac surgery findings were ostium secundum atrial septal defect in 34 (94.4%). Two of them also had partial anomalous venous connection. All had uneventful recovery. We conclude that in typical atrial septal defects operative repair is feasible without prior cardiac catheterization. PMID- 3219009 TI - [Sudden deafness in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. AB - Between January 1974 and December 1986, 5,975 patients underwent open heart surgery at National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez". We reviewed all open heart cases carried out at this Center. Eleven patients (1.8/1000) presented unilateral sudden hearing loss following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Pure tone audiograms, speech reception threshold, discrimination testing, tympanometry and stapedius reflex testing were carried out. We then studied the relationship between the auditory deficit and the type of surgical procedure, length of time on the pump, preexisting ear disease, coexistence of diabetes, use of ototoxic drugs and occurrence of hemodynamic complications. There are 3 possible causes for hearing loss in cardiopulmonary bypass: 1) Microembolism from the cardiopulmonary bypass pump to the arteries that supply only the cochlea. 2) Decreasing cerebral flow, or 3) Microhemorrhage of the internal ear. Ototoxic drugs are used frequently, but the hallmark of these drugs is bilateral toxicity, and all the cases under discussion have been unilateral. Unilateral sudden deafness after open heart surgery constitutes another complication, fortunately rare and benign in most cases. Further studies should be undertaken to clarify the pathophysiology of this entity. PMID- 3219010 TI - [Uterine leiomyosarcoma which spread through the vena cava to the pulmonary artery]. AB - We describe a case of uterine leiomyosarcoma with four elongations that, through the vena cava, reached the pulmonary artery, left atrium, and right renal artery respectively. Clinical features suggested congenital pulmonary artery stenosis with pulmonary emboli. Clinical diagnosis was not made in spite of angiography and radionuclide scans. We review the literature on the subject. We also discuss the amenability of surgical correction as well as the mechanisms of the intravenous growth of this type of tumor. PMID- 3219011 TI - [Diagnosis of an inactivable myocardial zone in the presence of left intraventricular block]. AB - The electro-vectorcardiographic manifestations of uncomplicated and complicated proximal and peripheral blocks of the left conduction system are described. In the presence of an advanced degree LBBB, the septal activation which occurs with abnormal spreading, originates electromotive forces of greater duration and consequently more importance than normal ones. Peripheral left blocks provoke a segmental delay of left ventricle activation, producing an asynchronism of the electrical phenomenon between upper and lower regions of the ipsilateral ventricle. The coexistence of an inactivable anteroseptal zone with an advanced LBBB causes the phenomenon of "wave jumping" to begin in inferior posteroseptal regions. Therefore, the left external electrodes see the first ventricular activation fronts moving away and register Q waves. The presence of a transmural inactivable left parietal zone permits the corresponding external electrodes to record the morphology of the ipsilateral intraventricular complex. In certain cases, a LASB which shifts the first septal vector downward, can mask the existence of an inactivable anteroseptal or posteroinferior zone. A LPSB, which produces a strong III l vector oriented downward and to the left, can reduce the electrical manifestation of an inactivable posteroinferior zone. PMID- 3219012 TI - [Body packing: the value of modern imaging procedures in the detection of intracorporeal transport media]. AB - The necessity of rapid objective appraisal of the suspicion of intracorporeal drug smuggling (body-packing) by effective methods of investigation in the course of the first criminal investigation department measures raises the questions of suitable and admissible methods. The proportion of undetected crimes in intracorporeal narcotic smuggling must be rated as very high according to the data of the Federal Criminal Investigation Department. In the present paper, the suitability of various imaging techniques for drug detection are reported in terms of their risk, practicability and costs. For this purpose, the value of digital radiography, two-spectra radiography and X-ray computer tomography as compared to conventional X-ray investigations is examined in human experiments. A reality-oriented narcotics dummy (glucose pressed hard in preservative) was developed and administered to nine volunteers per os with a variable initial alimentary situation. Four radiograms were taken at fixed times up to 12 hours after administration with each imaging technique. The highest rate of detection was attained with computer tomography. In contrast to the other methods, more than 90% of the body packs could be identified here. Nevertheless, an application in criminal investigation practice cannot be recommended owing to various disadvantages. The recovery rate of the remaining methods is between 20% and 25%. PMID- 3219013 TI - [Morphologic identification of mummified tissue traces]. AB - Post mortem tissue samples from various human organs (skin, muscle, liver, kidney, brain) were stored at room temperature for a period of one year. During this time the samples were regularly histologically tested. Without any pretreatment of the samples a histological preparation and identification was no longer possible after only a few hours. By the use of a rehydration solution consisting of absolute ethanol (30 ml), aqua dest. (50 ml) and 0.2 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0 (20 ml) a reconstitution and identification was again possible. Further immunhistochemical examinations were also unaffected by the solution. The use of microwave stimulation allowed a reduction of the rehydration process from 24 hours to only 4 hours. PMID- 3219014 TI - [Diagnostic evaluation of the dexamethasone suppression test in affective and dementia disorders in hospitalized elderly patients]. PMID- 3219015 TI - [Possibilities of anticonvulsant treatment in an institutionalized epileptic population]. PMID- 3219016 TI - [Postnatal development of neurons containing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the rabbit visual cortex: quantitative and morphological study]. PMID- 3219017 TI - [Syndrome of continuous muscular activity and distal neurogenic involvement of the arms]. PMID- 3219018 TI - [Morphological changes in the hippocampus and cortex of the rat during status epilepticus induced by penicillin]. PMID- 3219019 TI - [Cluster headache: relation of age at onset and various clinical data]. PMID- 3219020 TI - [Action of experimental diabetes mellitus on peripheral nerve development: morphometric study of transverse sections]. PMID- 3219021 TI - [Neurocysticercosis: a review of 65 patients]. PMID- 3219022 TI - [HLA, A, B and DR in 20 patients with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3219023 TI - [Histochemical study of non-specific cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activities in mouse spinal ganglia]. PMID- 3219024 TI - [Study of inter-observer reliability in the use of qualitative scales assessing Parkinson disease (II)]. PMID- 3219025 TI - [Histomorphologic studies of the effect of various estrogen and gestagen preparations on the endometrium of nonpregnant ovariectomized gilts]. PMID- 3219026 TI - [Histometric studies of the effect of various estrogen and gestagen preparations on the uterus of nonpregnant ovariectomized gilts]. PMID- 3219027 TI - [Histochemical and biochemical studies of the effect of various estrogen and gestagen preparations on the uterus of nonpregnant ovariectomized gilts]. PMID- 3219028 TI - Embryocidal and teratogenic effects of paraquat on chick embryos and white rats. PMID- 3219029 TI - Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in blood of Egyptian camel and buffalo. PMID- 3219031 TI - [The differentiation of Bordetella bronchiseptica strains. 6. Detection of adhesion in Bordetella bronchiseptica]. PMID- 3219030 TI - [The differentiation of Bordetella bronchiseptica strains. 5. Virulence factors in relation to phase changes in Bordetella bronchiseptica strains]. PMID- 3219032 TI - [The occurrence of bacterial infections in the swamp beaver (Myocaster coypus MOLINA, 1782). 3. Streptococcal, staphylococcal, Aeromonas and Actinobacillus infections]. PMID- 3219033 TI - [Quantitative bacterial studies of experimentally-infected laboratory animals. 5. The spleen size test as a supplementary method in the analysis of the pathogen host relations in experimental infections with Salmonella dublin]. PMID- 3219034 TI - [Use of office computers to efficiently determine parameters of periodic time series for chronopharmacologic and toxicologic studies]. PMID- 3219035 TI - [Electrophysiologic studies of uterine motility during estrus in young female swine after ovulation synchronization]. PMID- 3219036 TI - Gossypol as anti-fertility agent in female rats. PMID- 3219037 TI - [Accidents in children: fighting indifference]. PMID- 3219038 TI - [Selenium and vitamin E in mucoviscidosis]. AB - Selenium and vitamin E are two important components which protect membrane lipids from oxidative damage. Recently an abnormal fatty acid turnover in the membrane phospholipids was found in cystic fibrosis (CF). We studied vitamin E and selenium status in 26 CF children compared to a control group. we measured selenium concentration in plasma and erythrocytes using flameless atomic absorption. The measure of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity allowed a functional assessment of selenium. Total plasma tocopherol concentrations (HPLC) were referred to total lipids. The vitamin E and selenium levels in not yet treated children (n = 6) were very low, with an important decrease in glutathione peroxydase activity. The antioxidative agents deficiency was mild in children with pancreatic enzyme replacement and vitamin E supplementation (n = 20). In the 2 groups, this deficiency was combined and may play a role in CF membrane abnormalities. PMID- 3219039 TI - [Development of laryngeal papillomatosis in children. Apropos of 17 cases]. AB - Seventeen children (ages ranging from 2 to 11 years at the onset of the study) were followed for 24.5 +/- 15 months (3 to 47 months) for a laryngeal papillomatosis requiring tracheotomy in 14. In 8 of the children evolution was low with a decrease or disappearance of relapses. On the contrary, 9 children, i.e. more than half the cases, presented with highly crippling disease, with frequent relapses of the laryngeal papillomas, extension of the lesions to the trachea, bronchi or even lungs, and local laryngeal complications (synechiae, sub glottic stenosis). Medical anti-proliferative treatments had no effect. These children were submitted to iterative excisions. In 4 of them tracheotomy remained necessary after 3 years of evolution and their vital prognosis might become involved, either because of local complications or due to the extension of the lesions. PMID- 3219040 TI - [Thyroiditis and Turner's syndrome]. AB - Two patients with Turner's syndrome and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are described. The incidence of the karyotype 46 XX (iq), 45 X is high in this association reported in the literature; thus, 17 patients among 25 with Turner's syndrome and thyroiditis had a structural abnormality of the X chromosome. Routine thyroid antibodies determination should be carried out in patients with gonadal dysgenesis between 10 and 20 years of age, and early replacement therapy should be undertaken in Turner's syndrome with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, since clinical signs of hypothyroidism are usually delayed. PMID- 3219041 TI - [Neonatal hyperinsulinism, congenital corporeal hemihypertrophy, tumor of the breast in adolescence]. AB - The authors report the association of neonatal hyperinsulinism (nesidioblastosis) and congenital hemihypertrophy in an infant. At the age of 13 6/12 years fibro adenomas of the breast occurred. The diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is discussed. PMID- 3219042 TI - [Radiculomyeloencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in children]. AB - A case of radiculoencephalomyelitis caused by central nervous system involvement by Angiostrongylus cantonensis is reported in a 14 month-old girl. Evolution was spontaneously favourable, which is not usual in severe types. Lesions concerned the nevraxe and especially the spinal cord and are due to the migration of the larvae, creating eosinophilic inflammatory reactions. PMID- 3219044 TI - [hydrolysed dietary preparations for infant feeding and prevention of allergy]. PMID- 3219045 TI - [Burns by ingestion of milk warmed-up in a microwave oven]. PMID- 3219043 TI - [Radiologic case of the month. Lumbar discitis]. PMID- 3219046 TI - [Arm perimeter/cranial perimeter ratio]. PMID- 3219047 TI - [The disposition of 2-phenyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane-2-carbonic acid (4' diethylamino-propyl)-ester hydrochloride in the rat. 3. The metabolism of the endo-epimers of bornaprin]. PMID- 3219048 TI - Preparation and investigation of dry aluminum phosphate gels with antacid properties. PMID- 3219049 TI - [Metabolic products of microorganisms. 35. Asperdurin, a new antimycotic phthalide from Aspergillus duricaulis]. PMID- 3219050 TI - [Anti-aggregatory and anticoagulant effects of oligoamines. 9. The pharmacokinetics of N,N',N"-tris-4-(3-iodo-4-methoxyphenyl)-butyl-1,3,5-benzene triethanamine]. PMID- 3219051 TI - [Synthesis of 14C-anpirtoline]. PMID- 3219052 TI - [Central depressive substances. 7. Nuclear substituted (diallylamino)-1,3,5 triazines]. PMID- 3219053 TI - 1H-indole derivatives as calcium antagonists. PMID- 3219054 TI - Active oxygen species and structure specificity of antipsoriatic anthrones. PMID- 3219055 TI - [Thiophene as a structural element in physiologically active substances. 17. Thienoisoxazoles through nucleophile substitution]. PMID- 3219056 TI - [The antineoplastic action of o-substituted [1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylenediamine]dichloroplatinum (II) complexes and their methylethers]. PMID- 3219057 TI - [Synthesis of positive inotropic substances: imidazolylpropylguanidines with partial pyridine structure]. PMID- 3219058 TI - [Development of potential antiandrogens: N-(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) cyclohexanoylamides and -benzamides, N-(3,4-diochlorophenyl)- and N-(3,4,5 trichlorophenyl)-benzamides]. PMID- 3219059 TI - Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 1-substituted 3-(2-perimidyl)ureas. PMID- 3219061 TI - [The reactions of pindolol in aqueous solutions]. PMID- 3219060 TI - [Determination of ethinyl estradiol in feces of calves and cattle with high pressure liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3219062 TI - The effects of isosexual rearing on adult sexual behavior in captive male rhesus macaques. AB - The sexual competence of males reared only with other males (isosexually reared) was compared to the sexual competence of males reared in mixed-sex peer groups (heterosexually reared). All subjects were pair-tested with the same 11 females. Isosexually reared males tended to be less sexually active than heterosexually reared males, but the differences were not pronounced. Heterosexually reared males took less time to ejaculate than isosexually reared males, but their ejaculatory frequencies were comparable. Among one peer group of isosexually reared males, their level of sexual competence conformed with their dominance ranks when immature. These results suggest that growing up with female peers is not a prerequisite for the expression of adult sexual behavior among male rhesus macaques and that adult male sexual behavior may be influenced by relative dominance status when immature. PMID- 3219063 TI - Sexual decision making and object relations theory. AB - The Sexual Decision-Making Inventory (SDMI) was developed to measure levels of sexual decision making based on the developmental concepts of Object Relations Theory. The inventory asks subjects to report on their thoughts and feelings at the time they decided to have sex in their most recent sexual relationship. The inventory was tested in a pilot study involving 45 male and 49 female undergraduates. A factor analysis was performed on the SDMI and six levels of sexual decision making were defined: Object Constancy, Ambivalence, Need for Merger, Need Gratification, Low Self-esteem, and Narcissistic Gratification. Endorsement of items on these subscales was related to perceptions of the relationship. In a second study involving 79 male and 135 female undergraduates, subjects completed the SDMI, the Bell Object Relations Self-report Inventory, and a questionnaire concerning perceptions of the relationship in which the sexual decision was made. Object Constancy was positively correlated to object relations, satisfaction with the relationship, and durability of the relationship; Ambivalence, Need Gratification, and Low Self-esteem were negatively correlated with object relations, satisfaction with the relationship, and durability of the relationship; Narcissistic Gratification was negatively correlated with object relations and most aspects of the relationship with interesting exceptions such as sexual satisfaction. Sex differences demonstrated that females were more likely to endorse items on the Object Constancy subscale; whereas males were more likely to endorse items on the Ambivalence, Need Gratification, and Narcissistic Gratification subscales. There were no sex differences, however, in quality of general object relations. PMID- 3219064 TI - Interruption in the maintenance of compulsive sexual disorder: two case studies. AB - Sexual offenses and disorders are at times compulsive in nature. It is hypothesized that compulsive sexuality is a function of a history of interrupted or frustrated approach behavior. Two case studies involving compulsive features were treated by preventing such interruptions and delays. An A-B-A-B single-case experimental design on one of the two case studies provided some support for the hypothesized relationship. Implications for assessment and treatment are examined and the mechanisms underlying the hypothesized relationship are discussed. PMID- 3219065 TI - Adolescent female prostitutes. AB - The characteristics and functioning of adolescent female prostitutes were studied with nonprostitute delinquents and normal female adolescents constituting the control groups. All subjects were administered psychometric instruments and a life-history inventory. The most salient finding was that the adolescents displayed greater psychopathology as assessed by all of the Mini-Mult clinical scales. Other findings include that prostitutes exhibit a more negative attitude toward men and are more likely to have been in a special education class. PMID- 3219066 TI - Sex reassignment surgery: a study of 141 Dutch transsexuals. AB - This is an evaluation of the therapeutic effect of sex reassignment surgery on 36 female-to-male transsexuals and 105 male-to-female transsexuals in the Netherlands. Data were collected by means of structured interviews. The evaluation was made on the basis of subjective data only, that is on what the persons themselves reported on their gender identity, gender role, and physical condition. Allowing for the restrictive methodology of the (ex post facto) study, it is concluded that there is no reason to doubt the therapeutic effect of sex reassignment surgery. No specific differences were found between those who were still in medical treatment and those who had completed treatment. The findings obtained in the female-to-male transsexuals compare favorably with those obtained in male-to-female transsexuals. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that more attention ought to be paid to psychosocial guidance in addition to medical guidance. PMID- 3219068 TI - [Adrenergic innervation of various sections of the heart in laboratory animals and man]. AB - By means of incubating slices in 2% glyoxylic acid solution, distribution of adrenergic fibers in the myocardium of various cardiac parts has been studied in the white rat, rabbit, cat, guinea pig and in the man. Both in the animals and in the man the distribution density of the adrenergic fibers of the myocardial plexuses in the auricle is higher than in the ventricle, and in the left half of the heart it is lower than in the right one. There are certain species differences in distribution of the adrenergic fibers. The density of the adrenergic fibers in the guinea pig myocardium is the highest, and in the white rat is is the lowest. PMID- 3219069 TI - [Adrenergic innervation of the myocardium in rats with toxic exposures]. AB - Chronic intraperitoneal injection of cadmium and copper salts produces cardiotoxic effects of various degree. The degree of the muscular tissue lesion in the ventricles and atria is inverse to the number of luminescent nervous terminals. Changes in the adrenergic fibers are accompanied with certain metabolic shifts in the muscular tissue of the heart; this is evident from decreasing succinate dehydrogenase activity in cardiomyocytes and accumulation of lipids. Certain disorders are also revealed in cardiomyocytes, in vessels and in interstitial connective tissue demonstrated as: plethora, phenomena of stasis in the capillary bed, moderate perivascular edema, myocardial dystrophy. The foci of lesions are found more often in the left ventricle in myocardial tissue and under epicardium, sometimes near plethoric vessels and less often in the right ventricle and in the atria. The dependence between location of the myocardial lesions and vascular disorders is not always noted. This is observed more often under effect of cadmium sulfate and, evidently, is dependent not only on hypoxia, connected with congestive plethora, but with neurohumoral influences, too. PMID- 3219067 TI - [Ultrastructure of a sciatic nerve allograft preserved at an ultralow temperature]. AB - In the experiment, performed on dogs ultrastructure of the ischiatic nerve allograft, preserved in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees) has been studied. In 7 days after the operation in the transplanted piece of the nerve trunk certain phenomena, similar to the Wallerian degeneration are noted, while viability of neurilemma cells is preserved. Processes of second degeneration are mainly completed by the end of the first month after the operation. During this time active regeneration of nervous fibers is noted; it is accompanied with neutralization of the graft. The latter is mostly expressed in 6 months after the operation. The dynamics studied on ultramicroscopic rearrangements of the cryopreserved graft proves the previously obtained data on possibility of its use in clinics for substitution of defects in peripheral nerves. PMID- 3219071 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the adaptive mechanisms of the microcirculatory bed during dehydration]. AB - In total preparations of the white rat small intestine mesentery, impregnated with silver nitrate, as well as under conditions of vital microscopical observations at certain stages of alimentary experimental dehydration, analogous changes in the microcirculatory bed links have been demonstrated. Comparison of quantitative parameters in decreasing diameters of the microvessels, specific for dehydrated preparations has shown a great importance of these changes in the impregnated preparations at the expense of tissue condensation at their histological treatment. The advantages of a complex application of both methods for estimating dynamics of vascular, intervascular and extravascular changes are proved. PMID- 3219070 TI - [The role of adaptive structures in the umbilical arteries in regulating the blood flow in the internal iliac artery system]. AB - A complex of special structures having compensatory-adaptive character has been found in the umbilical artery wall of a mature dog. The role of the structures revealed is to participate in an active regulation of the blood stream. In the test animals with a model of the blood stream disorder in the iliac artery reservoir, the importance of the structures of its active regulation increases. The investigations performed have stated the fact, that the canine umbilical artery during the postnatal period of ontogenesis actively participates in regulation of the blood stream in the internal iliac artery reservoir. In some cases the umbilical artery plays the role of a blocking artery, in others--as a powerful arteriovenous formation and it is able to participate in distribution and regulation of the blood stream. PMID- 3219072 TI - [The blood microcirculatory bed of the small intestine, liver and pancreas after resection of the stomach and small intestine]. AB - As demonstrate the experiments performed on dogs and rats, after surgical intervention to the stomach and small intestine, other organs of the digestive system experience an increased functional loading, that results in noticeable changes in the intraorganic blood vessels and the blood microcirculatory bed organs. The course of the compensatory processes occurs with a definite regularity--as stages. The first stage is characterized with a predominance of the pathological reactions over the compensatory ones, in the second stage certain compensatory possibilities of the organism are noted. In the third stage the compensatory-adaptive reactions prevail over the pathological processes in the blood vessels and blood microcirculatory bed. PMID- 3219073 TI - [Changes in the dendrite ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex neurons in human tumors located in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal area]. AB - By means of electron microscopy method of bioptic material structure of the neuronal islets of the cerebral cortex has been studied in 5 persons with benign tumors that immediately effect the hypothalamus. Certain changes in ultrastructure of dendrites are revealed according to the light and dark types, as well as axons, degenerating according to the dark type. The greatest changes, including degeneration according to the dark type, undergo small branches of the dendrites. Similar pictures reflect, evidently, reduction of the dendritic tree in slightly changed cortical neurons, connected with breaking of trophic influences in the hypothalamus, evoked in it by the tumor. PMID- 3219074 TI - [Individual and sexual characteristics of the common iliac lymph nodes in elderly persons]. AB - The common iliac lymph nodes (CILN) have been investigated on 24 preparations from corpses of elderly persons (5 male and 7 female corpses), died from the causes not connected with the lymphatic system diseases, lower extremities and pelvic organs. The CILN with their afferent and deferent lymphatic vessels are revealed by means of interstitial injection into the lower extremities and pelvic organs, as well as by means of direct injection into lymphatic vessels. The form, amount, size and topography of CILN are studied. Lymphatic vessels, running from certain parts of the body and organs to various subgroups of CILN are described, as well as lymphatic vessels, connecting the nodes both within each subgroup and between the subgroups. There is a tendency in prevalence of amount and size of the lateral subgroup of the lymph nodes over the nodes of other subgroups of CILN; tendency in prevalence of amount of the lymph nodes in men, and their size- in women; prevalence of amount of right CILN and their size in the left--in persons of both sex; in 70% of the cases the amount of afferent lymphatic vessels to CILN prevails over that of the deferent lymph nodes. PMID- 3219075 TI - [The temporal organization of the complex nodule in the lymph node]. AB - The aim of the work is to study rhythmic processes at tissue level in the lymph nodule and in the T-territory adjacent to it in order to reveal temporal interrelations in functioning the germinative center, crown and T-territory. The lymph nodule sections are stained with methylene green-pyronine. Small and middle lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasmoblasts, immature and mature plasma cells, mitotic figures are taken into account. Spectral composition and rhythmic parameters are determined for each type of the cells in the ultradian, circadian and infradian ranges. Periods, approaching the circadian one, are revealed in the germinative centers for small lymphocytes and immature plasma cells. Practically, for all plasma cells the functional period near to 7 h is found; this attests the presence of the common synchronous rhythm driver. Phase difference of immunoblast, plasmablast, immature plasma cell fluctuation in the germinative centers makes it possible to suppose the time, necessary to transfer the immunoblast into the plasmablast (1.6-2.6 h) and the plasmablast into the immature plasma cell (3 h). Owing to the knowledge of the spectral composition of the rhythmic and parameters of certain components it is possible to approximate the total course of the process. Combination of fluctuations with various periods results in their recurrence in more prolonged time intervals. PMID- 3219076 TI - [Structural organization of post-capillary venules in the somatic lymph nodes during total overheating of the body]. AB - The structure of the postcapillary venules in the rat lymph nodes has been studied after a single total overheating at 43.5 degrees C. During the first three days an essential role is played by ultrastructural destructive processes, that demonstrate certain unfavourable states in cells. Nevertheless, the postcapillary venules perform their function quite satisfactory and even increase small lymphocytes transfer. The 7th-15th days are characterized with a steady compensation of the functional activity of these microvessels. By the 30th day some unfavourable changes in the endothelial ultrastructure are noted. This is, evidently, connected with a steady effect of the plasma toxic factor on the endothelium. PMID- 3219077 TI - [The microscopic anatomy of the human pharyngeal tonsil in the postnatal period of ontogeny]. AB - Histological sections of the pharyngeal tonsil (PhT) have been investigated in 55 corpses of persons of both sex and various age, that had no disease connected with lesions of the PhT by the time of their death. The aim of the work is to determine relative areas of each structural element of the PhT in comparison to the whole section area taken as 100%. The PhT lymphoid tissue reached its maximal relative development at the first childhood. Then the lymphoid tissue area in the PhT histological sections decreases gradually, making already in the second mature age one half of the tonsil section area, and in the elderly age--nearly one-fourth. The decrease of the relative lymphoid tissue area takes place at the expense of decreasing area of the lymphoid nodules. The relative area of the connective stroma increases inversely to the relative decrease of the lymphoid tissue area parameters. The germinative centers in the lymphoid nodules are absent in newborns and old persons. The greatest value of the relative area of the germinative centers falls to the early infancy. The lymphoid nodules with the germinative centers, according to their relative area during all age periods, besides the newborn period, the second mature, elderly and old age periods, essentially exceed the area, that occupy the nodules without the germinative centers on the PhT sections. PMID- 3219078 TI - [The role of hereditary and environmental factors in the variability of the components comprising the mass of the human upper extremity at various stages of postnatal ontogeny]. AB - The investigation has been performed in mono- and dizygotic twins of the Ukrainian ethnic and territorial groups. As a whole 196 pairs of twins, among them 80 pairs of mono- and 116 pairs of dizygotes of both sex at the age of 12-60 years have been undergone the examination. The twins selected are divided into two age groups--period of sex maturation (12-17 years of age) and that of maturity (30-60 years of age). Quantitative parameters on composition of the components of the upper extremity mass (fatty, muscular and osseous) are studied in all the twins. Coefficients of intrapaired correlation and indices of Holzinger's heritability are calculated according to an original program, using the microcomputer "Electronika B3-34". The degree of hereditary and environmental influences for development and formation of the main components of the upper extremity mass at certain stages of individual development are characterized with ontogenic changeability. With age the degree of hereditary dependence of the development and formation of the upper extremity mass components decreases, and sex dimorphism according to the degree of the hereditary dependence of the components studied is displayed as a greater hereditary determination in male persons. PMID- 3219079 TI - [Anatomical basis for a technic of cutting flaps out of the musculus rectus femoris for creating a rectal sphincter apparatus]. AB - As demonstrate the surgical anatomy investigations of the m. rectus femoris performed in 100 preparations, obtained from corpses of persons belonging to various age periods, in connection with sphincteroplasty the vascular-nervous hilus of the muscle is projected at the level of the upper third of its medial part. The ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery with the vein of the same name and the muscular branch of the femoral nerve get into their composition. The intramuscular course of the vessels and nerves of the I-III orders of branching and that of the muscular fasciculi coincide. For the sphincteroplasty it is expedient to use muscular-tendinous flaps, cut out from the medial part of the musculus. PMID- 3219080 TI - [Topographic anatomical interrelation of the lumbar triangles with the organs and adipose tissue formations of the retroperitoneal space]. AB - The investigation has been carried out in 96 corpses of fetuses, newborns and mature persons by means of preparation methods, injection of fatty formations of the retroperitoneal space, superior urinary pathways and vessels with x-ray contrast masses and subsequent roentgenography. The area of the lumbar triangles is subjected to certain fluctuations and only in some cases they are absent. The kidneys, peritoneal part of the ureters, duodenum, pancreas, aorta and inferior vena cava in the projection of the lumbar triangles are not situated. The lumbar triangle can be used for performing drainage, when the organs and formations of the retroperitoneal space are operated on. PMID- 3219081 TI - [Changes in the parameters of skin capillaries during the adaptation of students from the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America]. AB - Time-dependent changes in diameters of various parts of the capillaries, distances between loops of the skin papillary capillaries in the nail wall and number of functioning capillaries per 1 mm2 of the skin surface have been studied biomicroscopically in foreign students, arrived from hot countries, during the process of their adaptation. Reorganization of these skin capillary parameters, actively participating in processes of heat exchange, demonstrate a time dependent character. Therefore, by means of regressive analysis it is possible to approximate dynamics of the initial data using suitable theoretical models. The dynamics of average meanings of the capillary diameters in the arterial part subordinates to the hyperbolic dependence, changes of other parameters approach the rectilinear regression. PMID- 3219082 TI - [Oncocytoma of the kidneys]. AB - Fourteen cases (4%) of renal oncocytoma have been detected in a retrospective and current analysis of 350 operative observations of renal carcinoma. Clinical and morphologic (macro-, microscopic, electron microscopic, and angiographic) characteristics of this tumor are described, the differential diagnostic criteria of oncocytoma and renal-cell carcinoma are discussed, as is the prognosis of this condition. The authors point to the possibility of oncocytoma growth into the renal capsule, of invasion into the intra- and extratumor veins, of metastases to the lymph nodes. They recommend distinguishing between well- and intermediately differentiated oncocytomas, for this factor determines the course and prognosis of the disease. PMID- 3219084 TI - [Precancerous importance of chronic cystitis and papilloma of the bladder]. AB - Analyzes the findings of histologic studies of biopsies of a pathologically changed and visually intact bladder mucosa from 334 patients with chronic cystitis with nonproliferative, proliferative, and metaplastic changes (n = 164), papillomas (n = 62), and carcinomas (n = 108). Demonstrates the relationships between these conditions and their evolution over a follow-up of 36-72 months. Outlines the most typical patterns of their development and progress eventuating in noninvasive or various forms of invasive carcinoma. PMID- 3219083 TI - [The degree of malignancy and histologic variants of kidney cancer: their importance in diagnosis and prognosis]. AB - Basing on quantitative morphological and histochemical findings, 170 cases of renal carcinoma were divided into 3 (I, II, III) grades of malignancy. This grading system is of a high prognostic significance. Histological variant, i.e. the predominance of clear or granular cells in the tumor specimens, is not prognostically significant. The clear cells differ from the granular ones by high lipid and glycogen content and by low proliferation rate. In tumors of a high malignancy grade the lipid and glycogen levels are low. The authors offer to divide all cases of renal carcinoma not into clear- and granular-cell tumors, but on lipid-rich and lipid-poor ones because the lipid content is in good correlation with the grade of malignancy and therefore prognostically valuable. PMID- 3219085 TI - [Pathologic anatomy during perestroika in public health and medical science]. AB - The author sums up the results and considers the tasks of future reorganization of all the components of pathological service at hospitals, chairs of medical institutes, and at research institutes. Present-day organization of autopsy departments and training in pathology at the chairs of medical institutes and institutes for continuous education are in need of improvement, as is the planning and coordination of research, that should be aimed at priority studies. PMID- 3219086 TI - [Morphostatistical characteristics of adenomas of the large intestine based on the data from 1915 autopsies]. AB - Large intestine polyps have been revealed in 1372 cases of 1915 autopsies. 4.1% of these have been hyperplastic polyps, 86.2% tubular adenomas, 11.1% tubular villous and 2.7% villous adenomas. Solitary adenomas have been less frequent than multiple one (42 vs. 58%). The adenomas have been equally incident in the right and left portions of the large intestine, but they have been larger and characterized by a higher degree of epithelial dysplasia in the sigmoid and rectum. Malignant adenomas made up 0.8% of the total number of tumors. Adenomas have been revealed twice more frequently in the patients who died in hospital than in the group of forensic medical autopsies. Multifactorial analysis has demonstrated a correlation between adenoma detection rate and some chronic diseases. PMID- 3219087 TI - [Merkel cell cancer]. AB - The authors analyze 3 cases of Merkel-cell carcinoma, examined by light and electron microscopy with the use of the immunomorphologic method. The diagnosis of this type of carcinoma is based largely on microscopic examination of the tumor. The principal morphologic sign is the presence of relatively monomorphous cells characterized by a definite growth pattern; trabeculae, strands, separated by connective tissue laminae. Electron microscopy ranks second in informative value; it detects the endocrine granules, provided the number of the examined samples is sufficient. Immunomorphologic detection of cytokeratins confirms only the epithelial nature of the tumor. PMID- 3219088 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages in chronic bronchitis]. AB - Quantitative histoenzymatic determination based on early autopsy material was introduced for evaluation of oxidoreductase and hydrolytic enzymes activity in alveolar macrophages (AM) and alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) of the lungs in chronic catarrhal (CC) and chronic purulent (CP) bronchitis with bronchopneumonia development in sites other than acute inflammatory lesions. AM hydrolase hypoactivity was recorded in both CC and CP bronchitis, whereas inhibition of dehydrogenase activity stood out in CP bronchitis along with disturbed activity of the key enzymes of energy and carbohydrate metabolism in AEC. Characteristic features were elucidated for relationships between the cells of the alveolar lining in various forms of chronic bronchitis. The findings suggest a conclusion on inhibited activity of AM in chronic bronchitis. PMID- 3219089 TI - [Congenital anophthalmos]. AB - The authors analyze 8 cases of congenital anophthalmia (CA). In all the cases this condition has been a component of multiple congenital developmental abnormalities; in 4 cases the defect has been nosologically diagnosed. Developmental defects of the central nervous system have been revealed in all the cases. Histologic studies have made it possible to single out, with due consideration for the normal embryogenesis of the eye, the following variants of CA: (1) complete anophthalmia, (2) partial anophthalmia--(a) purely neuroectodermal, (b) mixed mesodermal/ectodermal, (3) anophthalmia with cysts, (4) anophthalmia with intracranial synophthalmus. The possible mechanisms of teratogenesis acting in every case of CA are discussed. PMID- 3219090 TI - [Congenital xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. AB - The authors describe a rare case of this disease that has clinically manifested in a 12-days-old boy. At the age of 1.5 months a right-side nephrectomy for a supposed Wilms' tumor has been performed. Histologic examination has diagnosed congenital xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. The authors put forward a hypothesis on the existence of primary forms of this condition not associated with persistent infections or urinary tract obstructions. PMID- 3219091 TI - [A case of sudden death from a muscle bridge spanning the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery]. AB - A sudden death of a 39-year-old man after physical overload is discussed. Morphological investigation revealed myocardial bridge in the left anterior descending artery, transmural postinfarction scar with aneurysm in the anterior apical region of the left ventricle, and acute myocardial inFarction in the same region. It is supposed that recurring myocardial necrosis developed because of systolic compression of the anterior descending artery during physical overload. PMID- 3219092 TI - [Diagnostic errors in the practice of rural public health and approaches to their assessment]. PMID- 3219093 TI - [Lipid changes in elderly patients with arteriosclerotic complications]. PMID- 3219094 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic constrictive pericarditis]. PMID- 3219095 TI - [Apex cardiographic patterns and changes in the segmental motility of the apex, by isometric exercise in early chronic Chagas' cardiopathy]. PMID- 3219096 TI - [The electrocardiogram in patients with active lymphocytic myocarditis]. PMID- 3219097 TI - [Atrial flutter with 2d degree exit block: an indication of ectopic automatism. A case report]. PMID- 3219099 TI - Inspection of radiation shielding installed at diagnostic radiology facilities. PMID- 3219098 TI - Closed-loop management of circulatory shock. PMID- 3219100 TI - The frequency response of direct pressure measurement systems. PMID- 3219101 TI - A photo-detecting system for laser energies in biological tissues. PMID- 3219102 TI - New disorders of neurometabolism: when and how to investigate them. AB - It is often difficult to know how far to investigate children with delayed development, and the paediatrician may feel frustrated by the low yield of the usual investigations. Yet the benefits of diagnosis are sufficiently great that few would quibble with the need for some investigations. It would be best if clinical signs directed the testing, but in practice most retarded children provide no clues to the direction in which investigation should go. This may be true, for example, of the young child with X-linked mental retardation with fragile X chromosome--Sanfilippo syndrome--one of the rare inborn errors of metabolism or a brain malformation like agenesis of the corpus callosum. Testing is, therefore, most often performed in a screening fashion with few guidelines as to when to stop. Most would agree with a karyotype and urine amino acid screen but are urine mucopolysaccharides, cerebral ultrasound or CT scan, CPK in boys and thyroid function tests necessary? The decision will, in general, depend on the individual paediatrician's training, the clinical environment in which he or she works and past diagnostic successes and failures. The final element is the ease and cost of testing. Laboratories may encourage screening when the tests can be done in batches in an automated fashion, while demanding clear clinical indications when technologies are costly or labour intensive. Recent recognition of the extent of the peroxisomopathies, mitochondrial cytopathies and some inborn errors of neurotransmission has increased the range of investigations that needs to be considered. At present the disorders are still being defined by their more severe variants where clinical features can direct investigation. PMID- 3219103 TI - Social aspects of epilepsy in childhood and adolescence. AB - Epilepsy differs from other chronic conditions because of the unpredictability of the seizures, the absence of an absolute diagnostic test other than video telemetry and the stigma associated with the condition. Working from a hospital base with a biased population, one might be forgiven for thinking that most people with epilepsy have major problems either of seizure control or socially. This is naturally not the case, but the social problems of epilepsy are sufficiently frequent and/or severe to warrant comment. Simply making the diagnosis may produce parental anxiety and guilt. This is often compounded by societal misunderstanding of epilepsy and the incorrect association with mental illness. Furthermore, it is those children or adults who have severe epilepsy who stand out in society, with the tacit implication that all epileptics (people with epilepsy) are like them. There is a societal generalization that all epileptics are the same. It is not appreciated that there are many types of epilepsy (convulsive and non-convulsive) and that epilepsy varies from being very mild to intractable. Treatment also has implications: children and adolescents may not like to take, or be seen to be taking, medication. It is desirable where possible to recommend twice daily dosage with breakfast and dinner. This avoids the need to take medication to school, or in the case of adolescents, to work. In addition, compliance is enhanced with a twice daily dosage. There is without doubt a stigma associated with epilepsy which persists despite being to a less degree than in the past.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219104 TI - Birthweight/gestational age charts revisited. AB - Intra-uterine growth charts are widely used, but the data from which they are generated are imprecise and the (mis)use made of them is in danger of acceptance through repetition. To an obstetrician they have little use and the description 'intra-uterine growth chart' is misleading. This traditional analysis is reported to emphasize that a new approach to judging the normality or otherwise of intra uterine development is needed, particularly to aid the clinician involved in management of the high risk pregnancy and preterm labour and delivery. PMID- 3219105 TI - The tip of the iceberg: a validation study of the Victorian Congenital Malformations/Birth Defects Register. AB - Among 1500 children under 4 years of age admitted consecutively to two paediatric teaching hospitals in Victoria in 1985 the prevalence of birth defects was 20%. Fewer than half of these defects had been notified to the Victorian Congenital Malformations Register. Only chromosomal anomalies and, to a lesser extent, major structural malformations present at birth were adequately ascertained. The implications for birth defects monitoring and for service planning are discussed. PMID- 3219106 TI - Congenital Malformation Registers in Australia. PMID- 3219107 TI - Clinical spectrum and outcome of neonatal convulsions. AB - The clinical spectrum and outcome of neonatal convulsions within an obstetric hospital population were reviewed for the 5 years, 1978-82, inclusive. There were 156 convulsing neonates managed at the Mater Mothers Hospital (110 inborn, 46 outborn). The incidence of early neonatal convulsions for inborn babies was 3.0/1000 live births. Antenatal and perinatal risk factors were compared between the 156 convulsing infants and the 36,082 infants born during the same period who did not convulse. The leading risk factors for convulsions were prematurity, intra-uterine growth retardation, low 5 min Apgar score, pre-eclampsia, antepartum haemorrhage, twin pregnancy and breech presentation. The predominant seizure type was tonic in 28.6%, multifocal clonic in 27.2%, subtle in 18.4%, myoclonic in 15.0% and focal clonic in 8.8%. Mortality (31%) and long-term disability (43%) rates were high. Tonic seizures had the highest mortality and morbidity. Throughout the duration of the study period infants received increasingly thorough investigation. Causative factors were determined in 95% of convulsing infants, most frequent being hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (40.3%) and cerebroventricular haemorrhage (30.5%). Follow-up data on 99 of the 107 survivors (93%) revealed severe disability in 25, moderate disability in eight and mild disability in 10. A poor long-term prognosis was associated with prolonged convulsions, tonic and multifocal clonic convulsions, convulsions due to asphyxia and cerebroventricular haemorrhage and an abnormal neurological examination at discharge. PMID- 3219108 TI - Cramps following exercise. AB - A 13-year old boy presented with a 10-year history of severe muscle cramps experienced an hour after prolonged exercise. There was no history of exercise intolerance or myoglobinuria. A muscle biopsy showed a lipid myopathy and a deficiency of muscle carnitine palmityl transferase. He has responded to a high carbohydrate, low fat diet with added carbohydrate intake preceding extensive exercise. Diagnosis of this entity before an episode of rhabdomyolysis is unusual. PMID- 3219109 TI - Henoch-Schoenlein purpura complicated by paralytic ileus. PMID- 3219110 TI - Frequency of social contact and intrapair resemblance of adult monozygotic cotwins--or does shared experience influence personality after all? PMID- 3219111 TI - Inference about genetic correlations. PMID- 3219112 TI - Assortative mating for IQ and personality due to propinquity and personal preference. PMID- 3219113 TI - Direct marital assortment for cognitive and personality variables. PMID- 3219114 TI - Inheritance of burrow building in Peromyscus. PMID- 3219115 TI - Anorexia and sexual maturity in female white rock chickens. I. Increasing the feed intake. PMID- 3219117 TI - [The antibacterial in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of enrofloxacin against Haemophilus paragallinarum]. PMID- 3219116 TI - [Benzimidazole resistance in small strongylids (Cyathostominae): distribution in horse stock in Northrhine-Westphalia]. PMID- 3219118 TI - [The occurrence of Trichinella in indigenous wildlife]. PMID- 3219119 TI - [The occurrence of leptospiral antibodies in bovine sera from Bavaria]. PMID- 3219120 TI - [The first isolation of Leptospira serovar hardjo in West Germany]. PMID- 3219121 TI - [Automated synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides with terminal phosphate groups]. AB - 3'- and 5'-phosphorylated oligodeoxyribonucleotides have been synthesized on the "Victoria-4M" automatic synthesizer by phosphoramidite method. Two approaches have been suggested: introduction of a terminal ribo-unit as a potential source of phosphate group or the use of hydroxyl-containing polymer supports which loose the end product of the synthesis via beta-elimination reaction. Yields of oligonucleotides obtained according to both schemes proved to be almost identical. Using the first approach, oligonucleotides containing units with altered configuration of the sugar (xylo-thymidine and arabino-uridine) have been obtained. PMID- 3219123 TI - [Studies of complex lipids. Synthesis of ionophore derivatives of diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin)]. AB - Synthesis of cardiolipin analogues containing an ionophore residue in the fatty acid moiety is described. The ionophore, dibenzo-18-crown-6, has been incorporated into second position of the glycerol residue by acylating mono- and dilysocardiolipin with a modified fatty acid anhydride. Lyso-derivatives of cardiolipin have been prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of beef heart cardiolipin by snake venom phospholipase A2 (Naja naja oxiana). PMID- 3219122 TI - [The structure of extracellular polysaccharide of Arthrobacter globiformis]. AB - An extracellular polysaccharide from Arthrobacter globiformis is composed of N acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-fucosamine, 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D mannuronic acid and O-acetyl groups in the ratio 1:1:2:1. On the basis of solvolysis with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, which resulted in a tetrasaccharide fragment, and analysis by 1H and 13NMR spectroscopy, it was concluded that the polysaccharide has the following structure: (formula; see text). PMID- 3219124 TI - [Synthesis of tritium-labelled prostaglandin E1 and its binding to human platelets]. AB - A method has been developed that makes it possible to obtain [5,6-3H2]PGE1 with a yield of 35% and a molar radioactivity of 1.7-1.8 TBq/mmol. The binding of [5,6 3H2]PGE1 to native platelets proved to be specific, saturating and reversible. It is characterized by low values (approximately 10(-9) M) of dissociation constants for high-affinity sites, correlates with the inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation of platelets and can be considered as receptor binding. Specific binding of 10 +/- 2 molecules of PGE1 with one platelet was found to cause 50% inhibition of the ADP-induced aggregation. PMID- 3219125 TI - [The structure and antiviral activity of ribavirin analogs. I. Molecular and crystal structure of 1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide]. AB - The crystal and molecular structures of the antiviral compound 1-(2 hydroxyethoxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide has been determined by the X ray diffraction method. The space group is P2i/c, unit cell parameters a = 4,381, b = 18,679, c = 10,776 A, beta = 107,40 degrees, Z = 4. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by a full-matrix least-squares procedure to R = 4.9%. Two planar groups of atoms can be distinguished in the molecule. The first group involves the atoms of triazole ring, C6, and C1', the second one contains C5, C6, O6 and N6 atoms. The angle between these planes is 5.6 degrees. The carboxyamide group is rotated by 180 degrees in comparison with this group in ribavirin. That is why the intramolecular hydrogen bond C1'-H1'. 1...O6 can form. Torsion angle O5'-C5'-C4'-O4' is 73.9 degrees and it corresponds to gauche rotamer. The conformation about O4'-C4' bond is trans. The C1'-C4' bond is approximately perpendicular to the aglycone. PMID- 3219126 TI - [The structure and antiviral activity of ribavirin analogs. III. Molecular and crystal structure of 1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazole-carboxamide]. AB - The crystal and molecular structure of a ribavirin acyclic analogue, 1-(2 hydroxyethoxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide, has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. The space group is P1, unit cell parameters: a = 5,237, b = 6,960, c = 11,483 A, alpha = 93,89, beta = 97,43, gamma = 94,26 degrees; Z = 2. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by least-squares procedure to R = 3.7%. Two molecular conformers statistically coexist in the unit cell, differing in the hydroxyethoxymethyl group conformation. Trans-conformation about O4'-C4' bond and gauche about C4'-C5' bond are observed in both molecules. C1'-O4' bond is approximately perpendicular to the aglicon. PMID- 3219127 TI - [Synthetic studies in the series of polyene macrolide antibiotics. 4. Synthesis of methyl-2,4,6-trideoxy-3-0-benzoyl-2,4-di-C-methyl- alpha-L-talo-hexopyranoside and 2,4,6-trideoxy-2,4-di-C-methyl-L- galactitol, the stereoisomers of the fragment C33-C38 of amphotericin B]. AB - Synthesis of methyl 2,4,6-trideoxy-3-O-benzoyl-2,4-di-C-methyl-alpha-L talohexopyranoside and 2,4,6-trideoxy-2,4-di-C-methyl-L-galactitol, stereoisomers of the C33-C38 fragment of amphothericin B, is described. PMID- 3219128 TI - [Synthetic studies in the series of polyene macrolide antibiotics. 5. Synthesis of methyl-2,4,6-trideoxy-2,4-di-C-methyl-alpha-L- gluco-hexopyranoside and methyl 2,4,6-trideoxy-2,4-di-C-methyl- alpha-L-manno-hexopyranoside, the stereoisomers of the C33-C38 fragment of amphotericin B]. AB - The synthesis of the gluco- and manno-stereoisomers of amphotericin B is described. PMID- 3219129 TI - [Synthetic studies in the series of polyene macrolide antibiotics. 6. Synthesis of methyl-2,4,6-trideoxy-2,4-dimethyl-alpha-altro- hexopyranoside, the C33-C38 fragment of amphotericin B]. AB - The synthesis of methyl 2,4,6-trideoxy-2,4-dimethyl-alpha-L-altro-hexopyranoside, having the configuration of the C33-C38 fragment of amphotericin B, is described. PMID- 3219130 TI - [Principles of quantitative analysis of two-dimensional spectra of nuclear Overhauser effect in evaluation of protein and peptide conformation]. AB - To elucidate potentialities of two-dimensional homonuclear Overhauser effect (NOESY) spectra of peptides and proteins for their spatial structure determination, impact of experimental parameters and intrinsic properties of the investigated molecule on proton cross-peak volumes in NOESY spectra was analysed. Recommendations which could increase accuracy of cross-peak volume measurements were suggested. Influence of intrinsic properties of a molecule (spin-lattice relaxation times T1, correlation time tau C and surrounding protons) on the volume of cross-peak for particular protons was analyzed using a complete relaxation matrix of the (formula; see text) helix of gramicidin A. Nonselective relaxation time T1 of the protons was found to affect only slightly the results of cross-peak volumes computer simulation, whereas correlation time tau C and surrounding protons seriously influenced cross-peak volumes. Nevertheless, cross peak volumes between NH, C alpha H and C beta H protons of a dipeptide fragment of the entire molecule could be accurately simulated using the relaxation matrix of the individual dipeptide. Thus local conformations (torsion angles phi, psi and chi 1) of amino acid residues could be deduced independently of one another and prior to the complete analysis of a molecular structure. The result can be obtained even in the presence of spin-diffusion at mixing times providing maximal volumes of cross-peaks in NOESY spectra. PMID- 3219131 TI - [Substrate specificity of adenosine deaminase. The role of methyl groups at 2', 3', and 5'-carbon atoms of adenosine]. AB - The substrate specifity of adenosine deaminase has been studied using C'-methyl derivatives of adenosine. On the basis of the correlation revealed between conformations of 2'- and 3'-C-methyladenosine and their substrate properties, a modified stereochemical model is suggested: the enzyme accepts the substrate within a N-type conformational range (4E----4T3----3E) of the furanose ring. The model was analysed in details using a number of C3'-modified adenosines and 5'-C methyladenosine analogues with D-allo- and L-talo-configuration. PMID- 3219132 TI - [Fractionation of chicken egg glycoproteins and their purification using preparative HPLC]. AB - A new method of fractionation of hen egg glycoproteins has been developed. The procedure involves high-speed mass ion-exchange chromatography on ZetaPrep cartridges, differential precipitation, and ultrafiltration on "Minitan" tangential-flow system. Six fractions were obtained from egg white (ovomucin, avidin, riboflavin-binding glycoprotein RF-GPw, ovoinhibitor, ovalbumin ovotransferrin, and ovomucoid fractions), and two fractions from egg yolk (riboflavin-binding glycoprotein RF-GPy and phosvitin fractions). Using ion exchange HPLC on columns (150 X 21.5 mm) Protein PAK DEAE-5PW and SP-5PW, six homogenous glycoproteins (avidin, RF-GPw, ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, ovomucoid, and RF-GPy) were isolated in preparative quantities (0.1-1 g). Ion-exchange HPLC also resolves some glycoproteins' isoforms with different pI values. PMID- 3219134 TI - [Introduction of tri- and tetraphosphate internucleotide bonds into oligodeoxyribonucleotides]. AB - Dodecadeoxyribonucleotides d(AGCTTGpppGCTGCA) and d(AGCTTGppppGCTGCA) were obtained by template directed chemical condensation induced by a water-soluble carbodiimide. PMID- 3219133 TI - [Genes coding for RNA polymerase in bacteria. III. The use of modified Sanger's method for sequencing the C-terminal region of rpoB gene, N-terminal region of rpoC gene and intercistron region of RNA polymerase in Pseudomonas putida]. AB - The Sanger method was modified and the primary structure of the SalI-C fragment of the Pseudomonas putida rpoBC operon was elucidated. PMID- 3219136 TI - Benidipine hydrochloride (KW-3049): a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. PMID- 3219135 TI - [Complementary-addressed elimination of E1a sequence of simian adenovirus oncogene SA7 from circular single-stranded DNA of recombinant phage M13]. AB - The G fragment of the simian adenovirus SA7 oncogene corresponding to E1a region was cloned into M13mp8 and M13mp9 phages. Single-stranded DNAs of the recombinant phages thus obtained (mp8G and mp9G) partially digested with DNAse II were used to synthesize polyalkylating derivatives capable of specific hybridisation and subsequent alkylation of complementary G sequences of corresponding phage DNAs. After incubation of complementary alkylated DNA in the presence of lysine, the preselected region (G fragment) was specifically eliminated without damaging vector sequences. The method of complementary-addressed cleavage proved to be useful for precise analysis of reactions of polyalkylating derivatives within complementary complexes. PMID- 3219137 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological activity of stereoisomers of 1,4-dihydro-2,6 dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid methyl 1-(phenylmethyl) 3-piperidinyl ester. AB - 1,4-Dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic++ + acid methyl 1-(phenylmethyl)-3-piperidinyl ester 1, a highly potent calcium antagonist, was separated into stereo- and optical isomers to investigate the differences of antihypertensive activities between them. Fractional crystallization of the hydrochlorides of 1 gave alpha- and beta-diastereoisomers. The alpha-isomer (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) showed very strong hypotensive effect, but little activity was observed in the beta-isomer. From optically resolved 1,4-dihydro-5-methoxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3 pyridinecarboxylic acids 2, and 1-benzyl-3-piperidinols 3, four optical isomers of 1 were synthesized, and their absolute configurations were deduced. The hypotensive activity of (+)-alpha, namely (S)-(S)-1, was 30 to 100 times stronger than that of (-)-alpha in intravenously administered spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 3219138 TI - Synthesis of expected metabolites of benidipine hydrochloride. AB - (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-Dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049, 1), a highly potent and long-acting calcium antagonistic 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, is now under clinical study as an antihypertensive and as an antianginal agent. In order to confirm the structures of the metabolites of KW-3049, 19 compounds were prepared. Among them 11 compounds were found to be metabolites (the compounds 2, 3, 6, 8, 14, 15, 16, 28, 31, 32 and 34) of KW-3049 in rats and/or dogs. PMID- 3219139 TI - Physico-chemical properties and stabilities of the highly potent calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride. AB - (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-Dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049), a highly potent calcium antagonist, was examined to clarify its physico-chemical properties, i.e. melting point, spectra (UV, IR, NMR, MS), X-ray diffraction pattern, thermal analysis, solubilities, pKa, partition coefficient and chromatography (TLC, HPLC). The stabilities of KW-3049 were studied under various conditions by HPLC. KW-3049 in solid state was very stable to heat and moisture, and fairly stable to light. PMID- 3219140 TI - Slow dissociation of the new slow-onset and long-acting calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride from 3H-nitrendipine binding sites. AB - The dissociation rates of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4 dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarb oxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) and some calcium antagonists from 3H-nitrendipine binding sites were studied by a centrifugation technique and a filter-absorbed tissue method. KW-3049 dissociated from 3H nitrendipine binding sites more slowly than other calcium antagonist, namely nifedipine, nitrendipine, nilvadipine, nicardipine and nisoldipine. The slow dissociation of KW-3049 from 3H-nitrendipine binding sites was supported by the equilibrium binding studies. When KW-3049 was preincubated with rat cardiac membrane, its inhibitory potency was enhanced 2.6-fold, whereas nifedipine did not alter its potency. In ex vivo binding, following administration of KW-3049 to rat, 3H-nitrendipine binding site was occupied in a dose-dependent manner and this occupation returned to a control level after 24 h. These results of receptor binding studies are in agreement with the pharmacological characteristics of KW 3049. PMID- 3219141 TI - Antihypertensive effects of intravenous administration of benidipine hydrochloride and some other calcium antagonists in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The antihypertensive effect of intravenously administered (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl 4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarb oxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3 piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) was examined in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and comparatively evaluated with those of nifedipine, nicardipine, nitrendipine, nisoldipine, verapamil and diltiazem. When nifedipine (10 and 100 micrograms/kg), nicardipine (10 and 100 micrograms/kg), nitrendipine (10 and 100 micrograms/kg), verapamil (100 and 1000 micrograms/kg) and diltiazem (100 and 1000 micrograms/kg) were intravenously administered to SHR, at their lower doses, only transient decreases of blood pressure were observed and, even at their higher doses, decreased blood pressures returned to the initial levels after 80 to 120 min. Nisoldipine at 10 micrograms/kg (i.v.) decreased the blood pressure (by 23 mmHg), lasting for 100 to 120 min, and the antihypertensive effect of 100 micrograms/kg (i.v.) of it (by 63 mmHg) lasted for longer than 240 min though a tendency of blood pressure to recover was observed. The peak effects of these 6 calcium antagonists were observed 1 min after the drug injection. When KW-3049 (1, 3, 10 and 30 micrograms/kg i.v.) was administered, a dose-dependent decrease of blood pressure (by 23 to 67 mmHg) was observed. The effect of KW-3049 was longer than those of the above 6 calcium antagonists, including nisoldipine. The maximal effects were attained 10 to 30 min after the drug injection and the decreased blood pressure did not return to an initial level even 180 min (at 1 and 3 micrograms/kg) and 240 min (at 10 and 30 micrograms/kg) after administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219142 TI - Antihypertensive effects of the new calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride in conscious, renal-hypertensive dogs. AB - The antihypertensive action of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4- (m-nitrophenyl)- 1,4 dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) was evaluated in conscious, renal-hypertensive dogs. When KW-3049 (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg) was orally administered, antihypertensive action and increased heart rate with peak time after 60 to 120 min of administration were observed, and the duration of actions at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg (p.o.) or more lasted for more than 7 h. When nifedipine (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) and nicardipine (1 and 3 mg/kg) were orally given, the duration of antihypertensive action was shorter. Nitrendipine (1 and 3 mg/kg p.o.) showed antihypertensive action and increased heart rate with peak time after 45 to 60 min of administration, and the duration of action at 3 mg/kg (p.o.) lasted for 7 h or longer. The antihypertensive activity of KW-3049 at the action peak was 6.1, 12.1 and 8.9 fold as compared with those of nifedipine, nicardipine and nitrendipine, respectively. Also, when KW-3049 at 0.3 mg/kg (p.o.) was administered after 1 h of propranolol (20 mg/kg p.o.) administration, the increase of the heart rate was markedly inhibited while its antihypertensive action remained unchanged. From these results, it was demonstrated that KW-3049 shows potent and long-lasting antihypertensive action with gradual appearance of action, and was suggested that it may be an useful antihypertensive agent. PMID- 3219143 TI - Effects of benidipine hydrochloride on atrioventricular conduction time and postural reflex in gallamine-immobilized cats. AB - Using gallamine-immobilized cats, the effect of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dic arb oxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3 piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) was compared with those of other drugs in terms of the propensity for atrioventricular conduction disturbances and orthostatic hypotension. The administration of KW-3049 at doses of 1 to 300 micrograms/kg i.v. dose dependently lowered the blood pressure and also reduced the heart rate. In terms of the maximum blood pressure lowering activity, KW-3049 was similar in degree to nifedipine and approximately 30 times as potent as diltiazem, verapamil and phenoxybenzamine. KW-3049 as well as nifedipine, at doses with which the mean blood pressure can be reduced by 50 mmHg, hardly affected the PR-interval of ECG, whereas diltiazem and verapamil at their hypotensive doses markedly prolonged the PR interval. These four calcium antagonists at their high doses elicited 2nd or 3rd degree atrioventricular blocks in some cases. On the other hand, phenoxybenzamine did not affect the atrioventricular conduction at its hypotensive doses. Inhibitory action on the pressor responses to head-up tilting in cats was observed neither in KW-3049, nifedipine, verapamil nor diltiazem. On the contrary, phenoxybenzamine strongly inhibited the orthostatic pressor reflexes. From these results, it was suggested that in terms of the prolongation action of atrioventricular conduction KW-3049 is less potent than diltiazem and verapamil but similar in degree to nifedipine, and that KW-3049 is not likely to cause orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 3219144 TI - Antianginal effects of the new calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride in anesthetized rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Electrocardiographic study. AB - Antianginal effects of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)- 1,4 dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) in various experimental angina-pectoris models (anesthetized rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR] were compared with those of nifedipine, propranolol and hydralazine. Furthermore, the effects of these drugs on the pressure-rate product were evaluated. 1. Vasopressin test (SHR): The administration of KW-3049 at 10 micrograms/kg (i.v.) developed an inhibitory effect comparable to that of nifedipine at 200 micrograms/kg (i.v.) against the ischemic ECG changes caused by the intravenous administration of vasopressin at 1 U/kg. The effects of KW-3049 at 3 and 10 mg/kg (p.o.) lasted for 8 h or more. 2. Coronary occlusion test (rat): The rise of T wave of epicardial ECG following ligation of coronary artery was inhibited by the administration of KW-3049 at doses of 30 and 100 micrograms/kg i.v. Nifedipine at dose of 200 micrograms/kg i.v. was slightly effective. 3. Isoproterenol (isoprenaline) test (rat): The fall of ST in ECG by the continuous infusion of isoprenaline (10 micrograms/kg/min) was almost completely prevented by propranolol (500 micrograms/kg i.v.). Also, KW-3049 (200 micrograms/kg i.v.) and nifedipine (200 micrograms/kg i.v.) significantly inhibited the decline of ST, in which the former was more effective than the latter. 4. Anoxia test (SHR): The fall of ST and rise of T-wave of ECG, induced by stopping artificial respiration of gallamine-immobilized SHR, were suppressed by the administration of KW-3049 at doses of 10 and 30 micrograms/kg i.v.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219145 TI - Vasodilating effects of the new calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride in anesthetized dogs and cats. AB - Vasodilating effects of a new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, (+/-)-(R*)-2,6 dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1 benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) were investigated in anesthetized dogs and cats. Intravenous administrations of KW-3049 at doses of 0.3 to 10 micrograms/kg exhibited a greater vasodilation in vertebral and coronary arteries than in common carotid and femoral arteries. The maximal effects of KW-3049 were equal to or more potent than those of nifedipine and nicardipine. Vertebral and coronary vasodilation following intravenous administration of 10 micrograms/kg of KW-3049 continued for 240 min or more, whereas those following nifedipine or nicardipine (10 micrograms/kg i.v.) disappeared within 30 min. A gradual and long-lasting increase of the vertebral and coronary blood flows following the intraduodenal administration of KW-3049 (0.1 mg/kg) was observed as compared with those of nifedipine (0.3 mg/kg i.d.) and nicardipine (0.3 mg/kg i.d.). When KW-3049 at a dose of 0.1 micrograms/kg was intraarterially administered to vertebral or coronary arteries, the blood flow increased without affecting systemic blood pressure and its effects lasted longer than those of nifedipine and nicardipine (0.1 micrograms/kg i.a.). In particular, the duration time in increase of coronary blood flow by KW-3049 was extremely longer, i.e. 11-fold and 6-fold those by nifedipine and nicardipine, respectively. Coronary vasodilating effect of KW-3049 was influenced neither by propranolol, atropine, diphenhydramine nor by aminophylline. Moreover, KW-3049 did not affect the vasodilator effect of adenosine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219146 TI - Effects of the new calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride on cardiohemodynamics in anesthetized dogs. AB - The effects of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitro-phenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine 3,5-dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinylester, methylester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) on the cardiohemodynamics were investigated in open-chest, anesthetized dogs, in comparison with those of nifedipine. When KW 3049 at a dose of 3 micrograms/kg was intravenously administered, hypotensive action (delta dBP = -20 mmHg) with a peak attained 3 to 5 min after the administration was observed and its action lasted for 2 h or more. Simultaneously, a slight decrease of heart rate and continuous increases of LV max dp/dt and cardiac output were recognized. At the administration with 10 micrograms/kg i.v., hypotensive action (delta dBP = -35 mmHg) with a peak 3 min after the administration appeared and continued for 3 h or more. At this time, continuous decrease of heart rate by about 18% and continuous increase of cardiac output were observed. The LV max dp/dt transiently decreased and then turned to increase, and the cardiac work was continuously decreased. When nifedipine at doses of 10 or 50 micrograms/kg was intravenously administered, hypotensive action (delta dBP = -31 and -52 mmHg) with a peak attained 1 min after the administration was observed and its action rapidly began to recover. At the administration with 50 micrograms/kg i.v., the heart rate was slightly decreased (10%). The LV max dp/dt was transiently reduced by 18% at 10 micrograms/kg i.v. and by 45% at 50 micrograms/kg i.v., respectively, and the augmented cardiac output lasted for 30 to 60 min. At the administration of 50 micrograms/kg i.v., cardiac work was continuously decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219147 TI - Beneficial effects of the new calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride on myocardial dysfunction following coronary occlusion and reperfusion in anesthetized dogs. AB - The protective effect of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1, 4 dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) on ischemic myocardium was examined comparing with that of nifedipine in anesthetized dogs subjected to a brief (10 min) coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion (2h). Occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery elicited elevation of ST-segment and T wave of epicardial ECG in the ischemic area. Regional myocardial contractile force in this area was depressed throughout the reperfusion period as well as during coronary occlusion period. LV max dp/dt, stroke volume and cardiac output tended to be reduced. In the dogs pretreated with 10 micrograms/kg of KW-3049 (i.v.) and 50 micrograms/kg of nifedipine (i.v.), both of which lowered the blood pressure to the same extent, elevation of ST-segment and T-wave was inhibited, and the prevention of irreversible depression of regional myocardial contraction observed at reperfusion periods was slightly more prominent in KW-3049 administration group. Stroke volume and cardiac output in both KW-3049 and nifedipine administration groups were maintained at higher levels than those in control group throughout coronary occlusion and the following reperfusion periods. LV max dp/dt of KW-3049 administration group was kept higher than that of the control group, while the value of the nifedipine administration group changed as that of the control group. These results demonstrate that KW-3049 as well as nifedipine exert protective effects on ischemic myocardium induced by coronary occlusion and reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219148 TI - Pharmacological actions of benidipine hydrochloride in several isolated smooth muscles and myocardium. AB - Using various isolated smooth muscles and myocardium, the calcium antagonistic effect of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)- 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5 dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049), and its specificity were examined. Furthermore, the in vitro duration of action and the antispasmodic actions in coronary arteries were investigated in comparison with those of nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem. 1. Ca antagonisms of KW-3049 When the Ca antagonistic effect of KW-3049 was investigated, for which the contractile responses to KCl in isolated mesenteric arteries in rabbits were taken as an indicator, the activity of KW-3049 was of about the same degree as nifedipine and approx. 30 times greater than those of verapamil and diltiazem. On the other hand, the negative inotropic action in isolated atria in rabbits was weaker than that of nifedipine. 2. Influences on responses to various agonists From the investigations using various isolated organs, it was evident that KW-3049 had neither agonistic nor antagonistic actions or very weak actions on the following receptors: alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2, H1, H2, muscarinic acetylcholine, 5HT2, angiotensin II, and prostaglandin F2 alpha. 3. Duration of in vitro actions Inhibitory actions of KW-3049 on 55 mmol/l-induced contractions in isolated mesenteric arteries in rabbits persisted even 180 min after the removal of drug solution and the repeated wash-out of tissues. On the other hand, those of nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem disappeared within 60 to 120 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219149 TI - Gas chromatographic method for the quantification of the new calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride in plasma using electron capture detection. AB - A gas chromatographic assay procedure was developed for measuring subnanogram order concentrations of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4 dihydropyridine-3,5- dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) in plasma. KW-3049 yielded the oxidation product partially during gas chromatography. To avoid decomposition, KW-3049 was oxidized in advance by nitrogen dioxide, extracted by diethylether under alkaline condition, chromatographed on the OV-1 column and measured using electron capture detector. PMID- 3219151 TI - Determination of the calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride in plasma by sensitive radioimmunoassay. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay of the 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarb oxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) has been developed. Antiserum against KW-3049 was produced in rabbits by immunization with an immunogen prepared by conjugating a derivative of KW-3049 to bovine serum albumin. This antiserum was found to specifically bind to [3H]-KW 3049, while the recognition to [3H]-nitrendipine, another well-known dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, was less pronounced. With the antiserum, [3H]-KW-3049 and dextran coated charcoal, this radioimmunoassay could detect 39 approximately equal to 500 pg/tube of KW-3049 in a buffer system, and 156 to 5000 pg/ml of KW-3049 in plasma by using 0.5 ml of the plasma which was pretreated with MeOH for deproteinization and extracted with diethyl ether under alkaline condition. To assess the specificity of the radioimmunoassay, the inhibition of [3H]-KW-3049 binding to the antiserum by the presumable metabolites was examined. Though three of these presumable metabolites could slightly inhibit the binding of [3H]-KW-3049, they were not detected in rat and dog plasma at 0.5 h after oral administration of KW-3049. Plasma levels of KW 3049 in rats receiving a single oral dose (1 mg/kg) determined by the radioimmunoassay show good agreement with those obtained by gas chromotography. PMID- 3219150 TI - Sensitive radioreceptor assay of the calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride in plasma and urine. AB - Plasma and urinary concentrations of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl) 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarb oxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) were measured by the radioreceptor assay using 3H-nitrendipine and rat cardiac membrane receptor. After methanol deproteinization and ethyl ether extraction under alkaline conditions as pretreatment, the detection limit for KW-3049 in plasma was 0.2 ng/ml using 0.5 ml of sample. For the urine, 0.05 ml of urine sample was directly added to the assay system, and detection limit of drug was 1 ng/ml. The cross reactivity of the presumable metabolites was 1% or less of the unchanged drug. This radioreceptor technique was applied to pharmacokinetic studies and useful for monitoring the drug after therapeutic dosing. PMID- 3219152 TI - Absorption, distribution and excretion after oral administration of 14C benidipine hydrochloride in rats and dogs. AB - (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-Dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5- dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) has been developed as antihypertensive and antianginal agent. The absorption, distribution and excretion were investigated after single oral administration of 14C-labeled KW-3049 using Wistar rats and beagle dogs. The results were summarized as follows: 1. After oral administration of 14C-KW-3049 to rats, the plasma radioactivity reached the maximum at 0.5 h, showed the second peak at 4 h and decreased biphasically with the biological half-lives of about 6 h and 38 h. 2. After oral administration of 14C-KW-3049 to dogs, the plasma radioactivity reached the maximum at 1 h and decreased biphasically with the biological half-lives of about 2 h and 25 h. 3. After oral administration to rats and dogs, the excretion of the radioactivity in feces and urine during 72 h (rats) and 96 h (dogs) were 74% and 19%, 66% and 25%, respectively. The radioactivity excreted in the bile was 34% during 48 h and was followed by partial reabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract. 4. High radioactivities were observed in the digestive organs, mesenteric lymphnodes, liver, pancreas, urinary bladder, fat tissue, kidney and spleen after oral administration to rats. PMID- 3219153 TI - Absorption, distribution and excretion of 14C-benidipine hydrochloride after repeated administration to rats. AB - The absorption, distribution and excretion of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarb oxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3 piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) were studied after repeated doses to rats. The results were summarized as follows: 1. After oral repeated administration once a day for 3 weeks, the radioactivities in blood and tissues increased up to the 14th day, and thereafter they tended to show the steady state. 2. The radioactivity in the tissues at 1 h after last dosing was compared with that at 1 h after single administration. Both tissue distribution patterns were not markedly different, but the concentrations in the liver, testicles, skin and descending aorta significantly increased, showing approximately the 2-fold radioactivities. 3. The radioactivities were excreted in the urine (6%) and feces (88%). The excretion of radioactivity in urine and feces did not change markedly during the repeated administration period. PMID- 3219155 TI - Identification of benidipine hydrochloride metabolites in rats and dogs. AB - A study of the metabolism of [14C]-(+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)- 1,4 dihydropyridine-3, 5- dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperdidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (14C-benidipine hydrochloride, 14C-KW-3049) revealed as major metabolic pathways oxidative N-dealkylation, hydrolysis of the ester moiety, dehydrogenation of the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring, hydroxylation of the methyl group and decarboxylation in rat and dog. Rat and dog showed similar metabolic pathways, but some quantitative differences were found between rat and dog. PMID- 3219154 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of benidipine hydrochloride in rats and dogs. AB - (+/-) - (R*) - 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine - 3, 5 dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) is presently under development as an anti hypertensive and antianginal agent. A pharmacokinetic study in rat and dog after oral and intravenous administrations revealed that KW-3049 was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, distributed into tissues moderately and comparatively quickly eliminated. After oral administration, non-linearity of bioavailability with increment of doses was observed in both rat and dog. Female and male rats showed similar drug disposition after intravenous administration. Oxidation product of KW-3049 dihydropyridine ring was also measured in some plasma samples. The concentration rates of its pyridine metabolite accounted for 0 to 30% and 0 to 23% of the combined concentration of KW-3049 plus the pyridine metabolite in rat and dog. PMID- 3219157 TI - Inhaled budesonide aerosols in treatment of childhood asthma. AB - Twenty-six children with chronic bronchial asthma, 19 boys and 7 girls, aged between 6 and 16 years with duration of asthma ranging from 1-12 years, were studied by a control, oral prednisolone 5 mg twice a day and inhaled budesonide 200 micrograms twice daily, each for 3 weeks. The clinical efficacy assessed daily by day and night symptom scores of cough, wheeze, sleep disturbance, limitation of activity, symptomatic inhaled terbutaline usage, daily morning and afternoon Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), and weekly PEFR and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) in percent of predict, showed statistically significant improvement during the inhaled budesonide aerosol and oral prednisolone treatment periods in comparison with the control. No side effect was observed during any study periods. PMID- 3219156 TI - Benidipine hydrochloride--a new calcium-channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, tolerance and dose finding in mild to moderate hypertension. AB - (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-Dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) is a newly synthetized calcium-channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type. In a phase I study with increasing single doses a statistically significant increase of the heart rate in supine and upright position as well as statistically significant decrease of the blood pressure in upright position was observed in healthy volunteers 1.5-6 h after application of 24 mg of KW-3049. Subsequently, in a placebo-controlled comparison in healthy volunteers the pulse rate in supine position increased statistically significantly on day 1 from 61.0 b/min (placebo) after application of 2 x 8 mg of KW-3049 to 67.4 b/min. After application of 2 x 10 mg of nifedipine the supine pulse rate increased to 63.3 b/min. The difference from placebo was not significant. At days 2-5 the pulse rate in upright position was always increased vs. placebo 3 h after application of KW-3049 and 1 h after application of nifedipine. As already observed in preclinical data, the mild onset of action with KW-3049 was also confirmed in these clinical phase I studies. Drug-induced effects on ergometric and psychomotoric parameters in healthy volunteers were mild, as expected, and due to aliquote dosages of 2 x 8 mg of KW-3049 and 2 x 10 mg of nifedipine only slightly different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219158 TI - Intranasal budesonide for the treatment of perennial rhinitis in Thai patients. AB - The efficacy and tolerability of a new intranasal glucocorticosteroid, budesonide, was evaluated in 28 Thai adult patients with perennial rhinitis. After one week pre-treatment observation period, the nasal spray was given as two puffs into each nostril twice daily (400 micrograms/day) for four weeks. The severity of all nasal symptoms decreased significantly after 1 week treatment reaching a minimal level after 2 weeks. The amounts of antihistamine tablets taken by the patients were also significantly reduced during the treatment with budesonide. Three patients reported adverse effects which were mild and easily tolerated. Morning plasma cortisol levels measured before and after four-week treatment in 15 patients revealed no significant changes. This study suggests that intranasal budesonide is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for perennial rhinitis. PMID- 3219159 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease in two Chinese families. AB - Two Chinese families with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) are reported. The first case was an 11-month-old male baby and the second a 2-month old male baby. Both patients presented with persistent infections caused by Staphylococcus and Candida since birth. Neutrophil functions were studied in patients and a number of family members. Chemotaxis and phagocytosis were normal in every subject. Slide and spectrophotometric nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) tests of both patients were abnormal and remained unchanged in spite of treatment with ascorbic acid, levamisole, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and isoniazide. Mothers were proved to be carriers as evidenced by the presence of both normal and CGD phagocytes in the slide NBT test. During the 2-month follow-up period, the percentage of normal phagocytes from the mother of case 1 varied from 12% to 73%, which correlated with the fluctuation of spectrophotometric NBT value. The slide NBT test of the mother of case 2 was nearly normal in face of the presence of CGD phagocytes. Both carrier mothers were healthy and asymptomatic. PMID- 3219161 TI - AIDS perspectives: Thailand 1989. PMID- 3219160 TI - Selective IgG subclass deficiencies in patients with recurrent sinopulmonary infections: report of two cases. AB - Two patients with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and normal total serum immunoglobulin levels were found to have selective deficiencies in IgG subclasses. The serum of one patient contained abnormally low IgG2 and IgG4; and the other was deficient in IgG4. Both patients responded to the treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin. The experiences on these two cases strongly suggest that IgG subclasses should be checked in patients with recurrent sinopulmonary infections in face of normal total immunoglobulins. PMID- 3219162 TI - HLA antigen profiles in Thai tuberculosis patients. AB - HLA antigens were studied in 35 Thai patients suffering from active pulmonary tuberculosis. An increase in the frequency of HLA-Bw46 and -DR4 and a decrease in the frequency of HLA-B12 were found when compared with the matched controls. These findings suggest that the pathogenetic role of HLA-B12 is to confer resistance and that HLA-Bw46 and -DR4 are associated with susceptibility. In addition it provided further information on HLA antigen profiles in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in another ethnic group (viz. Thais). Conclusions regarding genetic control over therapeutic efficacy must await further study. PMID- 3219164 TI - Fatal repetitive ventricular tachycardia in a child. PMID- 3219163 TI - Hepatotoxicity after prolonged use of acetaminophen: a case report. PMID- 3219165 TI - Vitamin preparations as dietary supplements and as therapeutic agents. PMID- 3219167 TI - AAP condemns use of steroids. PMID- 3219166 TI - Pediatric AIDS--prepare now for the future. PMID- 3219168 TI - Genital ulcers important HIV risk factor in gay men. PMID- 3219169 TI - Physicians need better training on prescribing nicotine gum: study. PMID- 3219170 TI - Teaching high schoolers how to prevent cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3219171 TI - Genotypic analysis of DNA isolated from fine needle aspiration biopsies. AB - DNA was isolated from 20 fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies from lymphomas, hyperplastic lymph nodes and nonlymphoid malignant tumors. Small aliquots (0.2 microgram to 2.0 micrograms) of DNA from each sample were digested to completion with restriction endonuclease Eco RI and/or Bam HI and electrophoresed in 0.8% agarose minigels. DNA was transferred to a nylon filter after brief treatment in HCl and subsequent denaturation and neutralization. Filters were hybridized to radiolabeled JH, C kappa, TCR beta or bcl-2 probes to determine if these genes were in germline or rearranged configurations in each of the samples. It was possible to demonstrate rearrangement of at least one immunoglobulin gene in each of the samples diagnosed as lymphoma, while all samples derived from hyperplastic lymph nodes and nonlymphoid malignant tumors exhibited a germline pattern for each probe tested. Thus, FNA biopsies can provide suitable and sufficient DNA for genotypic analysis using molecular probes that detect gene rearrangement. PMID- 3219172 TI - Molecular genetic analysis in the diagnosis of lymphoma in fine needle aspiration biopsies. I. Lymphomas versus benign lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - The configurations of immunoglobulin genes, T-cell receptor (TCR) beta chain genes and bcl-2 genes were analyzed by Southern blotting in DNAs derived from 35 fine needle aspiration biopsies from various lymphoproliferative disorders. Only 1 of 16 benign lymphoproliferative disorders showed clonality: the lymph node of a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich immunodeficiency syndrome, in which clonal rearrangement of the TCR beta chain gene was detected. Clonality was demonstrated in all 14 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), 2 of 3 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 2 cases diagnosed as NHL or angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD). None of the aspirates exhibited rearrangement of the bcl-2 gene. The studies of diagnostically difficult cases proved that molecular genetic analysis of DNA, when appropriately combined with clinical data and light microscopic analysis of the lesions, can be helpful in distinguishing between: (1) a hyperplastic lymph node and NHL or AILD; (2) NHL and well-differentiated lymphocytes; and (3) a hyperplastic lymph node and HD. PMID- 3219174 TI - [A prospective study of the recording of nosocomial infections in a multidisciplinary intensive therapy station]. PMID- 3219173 TI - Molecular genetic analysis in the diagnosis of lymphoma in fine needle aspiration biopsies. II. Lymphomas versus nonlymphoid malignant tumors. AB - The configurations of immunoglobulin genes and T-cell receptor beta chain genes were analyzed by Southern blotting in DNA derived from nonlymphoid malignant tumors and lymphomas. Gene rearrangements were not detected in any of the 35 cases of nonlymphoid malignant tumors. On the contrary, they were shown in all 14 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 2 of 3 cases of Hodgkin's disease and 2 cases diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The differentiation by light microscopy between lymphoma and nonlymphoid malignant tumors was a diagnostic problem in five cases; the molecular genetic analysis of DNA was contributory in all five diagnostically difficult aspirates. By gene rearrangement studies, the diagnosis of lymphoma was confirmed in two cases and nonlymphoid malignant tumors were accurately indicated in aspirates diagnosed finally as rhabdomyosarcoma (one case) and carcinoma (two cases). PMID- 3219175 TI - [Management of postoperative pain using intrathecal opiate analgesia and taking into consideration different anesthetic procedures]. PMID- 3219176 TI - [The diagnostic significance of serum osmolality in emergency medicine for the assessment of blood ethanol concentration]. PMID- 3219178 TI - [Optimization of ventilation in anesthesia. 5. Studies on the effect of different forms of ventilation on pulmonary hemodynamics, O2 transport and O2 utilization in tissue]. PMID- 3219177 TI - [The responsibility of the anesthesiologist in emergency care]. PMID- 3219179 TI - [Clinical experiences with a new NS-3 nerve stimulator for relaxation measurement]. PMID- 3219180 TI - [Pictographs for hygienic risk areas]. PMID- 3219182 TI - A further examination of the effects of sertraline on voluntary ethanol consumption. AB - Previous work with the serotonin uptake blocker, sertraline, demonstrated that the drug suppressed the consumption of ethanol and saccharin as well as body weight gain. There is increasing evidence that many serotonergic agents such as agonists, releasing agents and uptake blockers, reduce food intake. Sertraline was found to have a robust anorexic action. In this paper evidence is presented which supports the hypothesis that the administration of serotonin uptake blockers reduce ethanol consumption as a secondary consequence of a suppression in food intake. PMID- 3219181 TI - Treatment with sertraline, a new serotonin uptake inhibitor, reduces voluntary ethanol consumption in rats. AB - Serotonin uptake blockers have been shown to produce a robust and reliable reduction in voluntary ethanol consumption in rats. These compounds are currently under investigation as potential treatments for alcohol abuse in humans. It is uncertain whether serotonin uptake blockers exert their effects directly through serotonergic mechanisms or whether an interaction between the serotonin and noradrenergic systems is involved. The present series of experiments was designed to examine the effects of sertraline, a new selective serotonin uptake blocker, on voluntary ethanol intake. Sertraline produced a robust reduction in voluntary ethanol intake. It appears therefore, that increasing selectivity for serotonin blockade does not alter the efficacy of these compounds as antialcohol agents. The drug also reduced the consumption of a saccharin solution indicating that sertraline's effects are not specific to ethanol intake. PMID- 3219183 TI - Effects of pyrazole on the voluntary consumption of ethanol, water and solid food in UChA and UChB rats. AB - The effect of pyrazole (35 or 70 mg/kg IP) on the voluntary consumption of ethanol, water and solid food was studied in UChA (genetically low ethanol consumer) and UChB (genetically high ethanol consumer) rats of both sexes, under a free choice of 10% v/v ethanol solution, distilled water and solid food. the data were analyzed according to the method previously proposed for recognizing the specific effect on appetite-satiety of ethanol. The effect of pyrazole in UChB rats correlated with the pattern of specific effects on appetite-satiety for ethanol. The only effect observed in UChA rats was a decrease in the intake of solid food and total water. No significant sex differences were observed. PMID- 3219184 TI - Rapid association of acetaldehyde with hemoglobin in human volunteers after low dose ethanol. AB - A fluorigenic high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was used to determine plasma (PA) and hemoglobin-associated (HbAA) acetaldehyde levels following a pulse of 0.3 g/kg ethanol to volunteers from whom bloods were drawn serially for 8 hours on the clinical research unit. On discharge from the research unit, the volunteers were instructed to avoid ethanol for 28 days. The results were compared to previously published results in teetotalers and alcoholic individuals reporting for treatment at an inpatient detoxification facility. Following ethanol ingestion, the peak levels of ethanol and both plasma and hemoglobin-associated acetaldehyde were detected at the 30 min time point and plasma levels were less than those associated with hemoglobin (31 +/- 16 S.D. and 159 +/- 48 S.D. nmol/g respectively, p less than 0.001). PA and HbAA returned to baseline values following ethanol ingestion within 3.5 hours. PA returned to within 1 standard deviation of levels found in teetotalers by 5 days, whereas HbAA remained elevated for the 28 days of the study. These data provide evidence that measurement of PA and HbAA may provide a useful marker for relatively acute and chronic ethanol ingestion respectively. PMID- 3219185 TI - Relation of ethanol self-administration to feeding and drinking in a nonrestricted access situation in rats initiated to self-administer ethanol using the sucrose-fading technique. AB - Free-feeding male Long-Evans rats (N = 8) were initiated to self-administer 10% ethanol using a sucrose-fading procedure. Following initiation, they were placed into chambers which allowed for the continuous monitoring of feeding, water drinking and ethanol self-administration. All rats continued to daily self administer ethanol in the continuous access situation. Ethanol drinking at certain times during the day appeared to be related to feeding bouts (prandial drinking). However, at other times, nonprandial ethanol self-administration occurred. These nonprandial ethanol drinking episodes, while not at levels of excessive ethanol intakes, were at levels well above water intake when water was substituted for ethanol. These findings suggest that ethanol intake in continuous access conditions is not solely a function of feeding behavior and that following initiation, ethanol-seeking behavior was maintained in a continuous access situation. PMID- 3219186 TI - Blood cell superoxide dismutase and enolase activities as markers of alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases. AB - Monitoring of chronic alcoholism would be facilitated by using sensitive biochemical markers in blood cells, mainly to detect differences between alcoholic subjects with or without liver injury. We propose two types of markers: the first one is superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity involved in the conversion of superoxide radicals (O2-.) formed during acetaldehyde oxidation by xanthine oxidase after chronic alcohol consumption; the second one is enolase activity with both isoenzyme forms: nonneuronal enolase (NNE) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) which has been shown to be modified in many injuries related to the glycolytic pathways. For SOD activity we found a significant increase in alcoholic patients with liver injury and mainly in cirrhotic patients with ascitis. Both enolase activities were also found to be significantly increased in alcoholic patients with liver injury but NNE activity was also increased in alcoholics without apparent liver disease. Our results suggest that increased activity of SOD and NSE in blood cells may be related to liver injury mainly in alcoholism while increased NNE activity may also be a marker of alcohol abuse without liver injury. PMID- 3219187 TI - Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum in women with early alcohol addiction. AB - Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum was determined by micro anion exchange chromatography and a transferrin radioimmune assay in 58 consecutive women treated for early alcohol dependence compared, with 62 healthy females with an alcohol consumption of 0-15 g of ethanol/day. The upper normal CDT level was 74 mg/l. CDT was elevated above this value in 83% of the alcoholic women with an intake of 60 g of ethanol/day or more for at least 7 days within the preceding two weeks. CDT values were significantly positively correlated with daily alcohol consumption but not with GT, ASAT, ALAT or MCV. During abstinence CDT level declined exponentially with a half-life of 14 +/- 3 days. The results indicated that CDT may be as sensitive and specific a marker in women with early alcohol addiction as in previously studied male alcoholics. The amount of alcohol consumed appeared to be more important than sex or liver function. Determination of CDT may thus offer a means for early objective diagnosis and adequate treatment also of women in early stages of alcoholism. PMID- 3219188 TI - Preference history prevents schedule-induced preferential ethanol acceptance. AB - Two groups of rats were given differential schedule-induced polydipsia histories. One had a history of choosing between 5% ethanol and 0.7% glucose solution (dilute, mildly acceptable), in daily, 3-hr, fixed-time 1-min schedules of food pellet delivery, while the other similarly treated group chose between 5% ethanol and 5% glucose (highly acceptable). A 30-day period, wherein only 5% ethanol was available during daily sessions, intervened before session-fluid preferences were evaluated by pitting a series of glucose solutions of increasing concentration (0.7-5.0%) against 5% ethanol. The group which had a remote history of having chosen 5% glucose solution in preference to 5% ethanol imbibed less 5% ethanol during the series of glucose-ethanol acceptability preference tests. Hence, they were less vulnerable to a continuance of their ethanol overindulgence than the group with the remote history of having chosen 5% ethanol over the dilute glucose solution. PMID- 3219189 TI - After-effects of acute alcohol intoxication. AB - Female, Long-Evans hooded rats (N = 10, 4 months of age) were given ethanol via intragastric intubation in doses of 2.0, 3.0 or 4.0 g/kg (repeated measures design). After-effects (hypothermia, free operant activity, motor performance) were measured at six, twelve and sixteen hours, respectively, for the above doses and were compared to the effects observed after the intubation of equivolume amounts of tap water. The after-effects of ethanol on rectal temperature were varied. Both rotarod performance and free operant activity were impaired after each of the above doses of ethanol. Blood ethanol analyses revealed low blood levels of ethanol (range 6.6 +/- 1.5 to 24.6 +/- 3.4 mg/100 ml) at the time behavioral tests were performed. Thus, quantifiable behavioral impairment was observed after blood ethanol values had declined following acute intoxication episodes. These changes may be related to "hangover" symptomatology in man and may serve as a model for investigating the influence of a variety of factors related to drug dosage, rate of ethanol ingestion, type of alcoholic beverage, and prophylactic or acute intervention therapeutics. PMID- 3219190 TI - Constant infusions of morphine and intakes of sweetened ethanol solution among rats. AB - Previous studies have indicated that injections of small doses of morphine increase rats' intake of solutions containing ethanol when rats have a choice of either water or a solution containing ethanol. In this experiment, rats which were implanted with osmotic pumps that delivered constant infusions of morphine (0.6 mg/kg/hr across 24 days) had elevated daily intakes of ethanol, as compared to controls, from the second day of opportunity to take the alcoholic beverage until the pumps were removed. In addition, half of the rats with pumps infusing morphine also received injections of morphine (1.0 mg/kg) just before the 1.5-hr opportunity to take alcoholic beverage or water every day for 8 days. Across this 8-day period, these rats took a mean of 5.18 g of pure ethanol/kg of body weight (g/kg) during the 1.5-hr opportunity to take the alcoholic beverage. This was reliably more than the mean of 4.02 g/kg that their counterparts (having morphine pumps and receiving injections of saline) took across the same period. These data support the hypothesis that a surfeit of opioidergic ligand may potentiate drinking of alcoholic beverages. PMID- 3219191 TI - Brain regional and adrenal monoamine concentrations and behavioral responses to stress in alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA rats. AB - The concentrations of monoamines, precursors and metabolites in various brain regions and the levels of catecholamines in the adrenal glands were determined from naive rats of the AA and ANA lines, and from ones immediately after an escapable shock test. The brain determinations were made with a new step-gradient ion-pair elution method on a reversed phase column and coulometric detection. Several significant differences were observed in the amine concentrations, largely confirming and extending the findings made before the genetic revitalization of the lines: in particular, the AAs, unlike other alcohol preferring rodents, had higher 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations. The AA rats tended to have smaller changes than the ANAs in brain aminergic systems and had significantly less change in adrenal epinephrine and dopamine levels after the shock test. The AAs were consistently found to be less active than ANAs in this shock test and in a warm-water swim test, but whether this was a cause or an effect of their brain and adrenal changes could not be determined. Our behavioral results might suggest a reduced reaction of the alcohol-preferring rats to aversive stimulation. PMID- 3219192 TI - Isolation and characterization of a sulfoxide and a desamido derivative of biosynthetic human growth hormone. AB - Two derivatives of biosynthetic human growth hormone, a sulfoxide and a mixture of two monodesamido isomers, have been isolated and characterized. The sulfoxide derivative arises from an oxidation of Met-14. The major site of deamidation is at Asn-149 with a minor site at Asn-152. In addition, a fraction has been isolated from a sample of human growth hormone that was maintained at 40 degrees C for 2 weeks. This fraction, the isolated impurities fraction, contains the sulfoxide and the desamido forms, thereby demonstrating that these derivatives are the primary degradation products of biosynthetic human growth hormone. The sulfoxide, the desamido, and the isolated impurities fraction exhibit full biological activity. PMID- 3219193 TI - Formation and changes of the subembryonic liquid from turned, unturned, and cultured Japanese quail eggs. AB - Japanese quail eggs belonging to the same flock of hens were incubated under different conditions: group 1 eggs were turned 3 times a day, group 2 eggs were left unturned, and group 3 eggs were cultured and left unturned. The results indicate that failure to turn eggs results in a delayed efflux of liquid and glucose from albumen and from the subembryonic liquid. Furthermore, the major difference between unturned and cultured eggs was that in the first group the glucose levels and in the second group the lactate levels of the subembryonic liquid were increased. It is suggested that reduced glucose supply may be involved in the disturbance of development of unturned and cultured eggs. PMID- 3219194 TI - Subcutaneous administration of carrier erythrocytes: slow release of entrapped agent. AB - Carrier erythrocytes administered subcutaneously in mice release encapsulated molecules at the injection site and through cells that escape the injection site. One day postinjection, the efflux of encapsulated [14C]sucrose, [3H]inulin, and 51Cr-hemoglobin from the injection site was 45, 55, and 65%, respectively. Intact carrier erythrocytes escaped the injection site and entered the blood circulation carrying with them the encapsulated molecules. Most of the encapsulated [3H]inulin that reached whole blood circulated within erythrocytes. Small but measurable numbers of encapsulated molecules were trapped within lymph nodes. Subcutaneous injection of carrier erythrocytes may allow for limited extravascular tissue targeting of drugs. PMID- 3219196 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antidigoxin antibodies immobilized to a solid support. AB - A high-affinity monoclonal antidigoxin antibody, produced by somatic cell fusion, was amplified by the formation of ascites. Purification from ascites was accomplished by affinity chromatography by passing the ascites over a digitoxin amine-agarose column. Affinity-purified antidigoxin antibody was coupled to a pellicular microbead at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/g bead. The immobilized antibody was characterized for binding affinity, for specificity to other cardiac glycosides, and for binding capacity. There were no changes in the binding affinity observed for the immobilized antibody when compared to that of the antibody grown in culture media. Binding capacities for the immobilized antibody were decreased from calculated theoretical values. Saturating the microbead with increasing concentrations of antibody lowered the binding efficiency of the antibody from 32 to 22% of theoretical values. Attempts to improve the binding capacity by immobilizing antibodies to the microbead at the immunoglobulin carbohydrate by periodate oxidation were unsuccessful. These data demonstrate that antidrug antibodies immobilized on solid supports remain functional and may have the capability of removing drug from biological fluids passed over the support. PMID- 3219195 TI - Determination of parameters for enzyme therapy using L-asparaginase entrapped in canine erythrocytes. AB - The antitumor agent L-asparaginase was entrapped in canine erythrocytes by a single dialysis encapsulation (efficiency mean = 30%). Concentration of asparaginase in carrier cells was about 240 IU/ml, with an average of 62% cell recovery. Use of a double dialysis procedure increased the L-asparaginase concentration within carrier cells to 530 IU/ml, with an overall cell recovery of 53.9%. In vitro efflux experiments showed L-asparaginase-loaded canine carriers were stable at both 4 and 37 degrees C for an 18-h period. In vivo cell survival studies showed that carrier cells did circulate and that L-asparaginase had a half-life of 6.5 days. No evidence suggesting that the enzyme left the cell was found. Carrier cells prepared with [3H]inulin and [14C]sucrose were stored at 4 degrees C for 2 weeks and began to show signs of deterioration after 2 days. PMID- 3219197 TI - [Application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to process control in the pharmaceutical industry]. PMID- 3219198 TI - [Efficacy of different doses of salmon calcitonin in the treatment of osteoporosis assessed by densitometry]. PMID- 3219199 TI - Creatine phosphate: comparative evaluation of three methods for quantitative determination. PMID- 3219200 TI - Spectrophotometric and volumetric assay of 5-(p-dimethylamino benzylidene)-2 thiobarbituric acid. PMID- 3219201 TI - [Gas chromatographic analysis for determination of volatile substances in cold stored fruit]. PMID- 3219202 TI - [Bioequivalence of two oral formulations of cisapride]. PMID- 3219203 TI - [Idoxuridine: testing of stability by ion-selective electrode in eyedrops and cream]. PMID- 3219204 TI - Sigmoidity of the ventricular septum revisited: progression in early adulthood, predominance in men, and independence from cardiac mass. AB - Meager quantitative anatomic information is available regarding the orientation of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) relative to the ventricular septum (VS), or the relation of these variables to patient age, sex, or other cardiac features. We studied 57 formaldehyde-fixed adult human heart specimens at autopsy from 29 men and 28 women ranging in age from 20 to 91 years (mean age = 66 years). Blinded measurement of 10 morphologic parameters, repeated on 2 occasions, included anatomic indexes of VS sigmoidity (angle between the aortic and the mitral plane). While sigmoidity was not correlated with patient height, body weight, body mass index, cardiac mass (or presence of systemic hypertension), cause of death, or VS length, it was significantly (p less than 0.05) progressive through age groups 20-39 years, 40-59, 60-79 and greater than or equal to 80. The overall correlation of aortic-mitral plane angle (A-MPA) with age was +0.59 (P less than 0.0001), a relationship also noted within each age group. The mean A-MPA increased from 118 degrees to 127, 131 and 134 considering all specimens. Men had consistently greater sigmoidity than women. The steady increase in sigmoidity of the ventricular septum from early adulthood may alter clinical conclusions about pathologic conditions which are based on septal curvature or prominence. PMID- 3219205 TI - Epicardial lymphocytes: an autopsy study. AB - Lymphocytes appear as a diffuse infiltrate within the epicardium in the second trimester of intrauterine life, and can be found there throughout adult life. Aggregates are found in some individuals, and are strongly associated with the presence of old myocardial infarction. PMID- 3219206 TI - An analysis of serum enzyme changes and clinical biochemical abnormalities of the anemia in Olympic runners. AB - In order to assess the changes in the clinical biochemistry of runner's anemia and its evolution during a prolonged period of high-intensity training, 11 male international class distance runners (mean time for 1 mile 4 min, 2.5 sec) were followed over a 10-month period prior to the 1984 U.S. Olympic Trials. Mean values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) decreased modestly over the period of study. Means of haptoglobin, iron, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) remained roughly constant. Percentage of saturation of TIBC by iron (% sat) averaged 30% or less in 5 of 11 runners, suggesting mild iron deficiency. Most measured haptoglobin levels were below normal range throughout the study period. The cause of runner's anemia has been demonstrated to be multifactorial, including disordered iron metabolism, iron deficiency, and hemolysis. Other studies have shown absent bone marrow iron in male athletes, secondary to hematuria, ischemia of the intestinal mucosa with bleeding, and iron losses due to heavy perspiring. Cardiorespiratory fitness, evaluated through repetitive treadmill testing, was not adversely affected in our athletes. Total creatine kinase (CK) increased significantly after a training session, while the MB fraction of CK never exceeded 3%. Total lactate dehydrogenase (LD) also rose after exercise, but the fractions represented by isozymes 1-5 were unaltered; specifically, there was no change in the LD-1/LD-2 ratio. Enzyme elevations were thus derived from skeletal muscle and not from heart. PMID- 3219207 TI - Idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy with unusual clinical presentations in sisters. AB - Two cases of idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy that occurred in sisters are reported. One patient died at age 14 months after a protracted course characterized by the nephrotic syndrome, blood chemistry abnormalities, hypertension, seizures, and a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Her sister died at age 3 weeks after a precipitous illness that initially was misinterpreted at autopsy as Reye's syndrome. PMID- 3219208 TI - Fatal hemopericardium due to ruptured solitary myocardial abscess unassociated with infective endocarditis. AB - A case is presented of hemopericardium and sudden death due to rupture of a solitary myocardial abscess in an elderly woman with cirrhosis and mild urosepsis. If suspected clinically, such myocardial abscesses may be detectable by noninvasive tomographic cardiac imaging. PMID- 3219209 TI - A case of thromboangiitis obliterans affecting coronary, pulmonary, and splenic vessels. Is thromboangiitis obliterans a generalized vascular disease? AB - We describe a 53 year old man who died following his 3rd myocardial infarction. Before death there were scintigraphic signs of infarctions in the lung and spleen. Postmortem examination revealed an occlussive vascular disease in coronary, pulmonary, and splenic vessels. The histological findings were consistent with thromboangiitis obliterans. We suggest that thromboangiitis obliterans probably is a generalized vascular disease. PMID- 3219210 TI - Familial fibromuscular dysplasia presenting as sudden death. AB - Fibromuscular dysplasia involving the aorta, its main arch branches, and the coronary arteries is infrequent. Familial occurrence of arterial fibromuscular dysplasia is rarely recognized in infancy. We report three infant siblings with this disorder who presented with sudden unexpected death secondary to acute myocardial infarction as a complication of fibromuscular dysplasia involving the aorta, its main arch branches, and the major coronary arteries. This condition must be considered in the differential diagnosis of identifiable causes of the sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 3219211 TI - Aneurysm of the mitral valve in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - We report a case of mitral valve aneurysm and severe mitral regurgitation complicating infective endocarditis in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 2-dimensional echocardiography revealed a saccular structure in the anterior mitral leaflet that bulged into the left atrium throughout the cardiac cycle. Pathology of the excised valve showed inflammation, early repair and perforation of the aneurysm. Concurrent mitral insufficiency or trauma resulting from septal-anterior mitral leaflet contact may predispose to valvular infection. The repair process of this damaged focus and the loss of the elastic properties of the valve may contribute to aneurysm formation. The aneurysm in this case formed in less than 5 weeks. PMID- 3219212 TI - Papers from the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group presented at the ten-year anniversary. Copenhagen, January 22-23, 1988. PMID- 3219213 TI - Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG). Structure and results of the organization. PMID- 3219214 TI - Diagnostic strategy in the management of patients with breast symptoms. A recommended design and present experience. AB - The diagnostic problems in patients with breast symptoms have increased as the referral pattern has changed. Patients with vague symptoms and atypical palpatory findings are increasing in number. At the same time, the doctor is faced with the demand for greater diagnostic accuracy and, paradoxically, restraint in the use of diagnostic methods. Accordingly, high priority must be given to an effective diagnostic strategy without unnecessary investigations and delaying procedures. Above all, efforts must aim at reducing the number of 'unnecessary' benign biopsies. We are presenting a suggestion for an integrated diagnostic system based upon close collaboration between the general practitioner on one hand and radiologist, surgeon, and pathologist as the expert hospital team on the other. This design has not only entailed greater diagnostic accuracy, it also complies with the demand for conservation of resources. PMID- 3219215 TI - Frequency and types of chest wall recurrences among node negative breast cancer patients. AB - From 1979 to 1982 a total of 2,467 patients with invasive breast carcinoma were included in the DBCG low-risk group (protocol 77a) and treated with mastectomy only. During a follow-up period from 4 to 7 years, 246 cases (10%) were reported with chest wall recurrence as first site of failure. For several reasons 58 cases were omitted. The material therefore comprises 188 cases. By a histo-pathologic re-evaluation the material was classified in three groups, i.e. 1) 31 cases with an evident new primary cancer, 2) 9 cases with a questionable new primary cancer, and 3) 148 cases with a true recurrence. Demonstration of residual breast tissue, multicentricity, and high differentiation of the original cancer, were features significantly related to the group of evident and questionable new primary cancers. Within the follow-up period no difference in mortality between the three groups were found. PMID- 3219216 TI - Low-risk breast cancer patients treated by mastectomy and lower axillary dissection. The present status of the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Trial 77-A. AB - From 1977 to 1982 a total of 2,935 women with breast cancer fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the low-risk protocol of the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, DBCG 77-A. The operation performed was a total mastectomy with axillary dissection slightly modified according to Cady. Postoperatively the patients were examined clinically and by chest radiography with intervals for ten years or until recurrence. With a median observation time of seven years loco regional recurrence appeared in 409 patients (13.9%): chest wall 9.3%, axilla 3.7%. Half of the recurrences were diagnosed within two years postoperatively. Metastases appeared in 396 patients (13.5%), mainly in bones and lungs; 96 patients (23.5%) with loco-regional recurrence and 174 (43.9%) with distant metastases died from breast cancer during the observation time. Life-table analyses of recurrence-free survival (61.7%) and survival (75.4%) are presented. The results of the treatment are in accordance with reports in the literature, but a straightforward comparison is impossible on account of a huge variation in surgical and postsurgical treatment. Finally, the surgical technique in the participating departments in this nation-wide study was evaluated. A high grade of uniformity with respect to loco-regional recurrences was found. PMID- 3219217 TI - The Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG) biochemical tumor marker program. AB - One hundred and thirty-three high-risk breast cancer patients entered the DBCG (Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group) tumor marker program between May 1978 and June 1980. Eleven were excluded from the DBCG protocol and 23 left the program prematurely. The remaining patients were seen at the clinical laboratory once a month during the first year and every third month during the second and third year following mastectomy. Blood and urine specimens were collected and plasma, serum and urine specimens stored at -80 degrees C. The purposes of the program were 1) to collect a biological material which may later be used to assess the usefulness of biochemical markers for the prediction of recurrence and 2) to develop statistical time series models suitable for this assessment. Such a model is presented and its application for the assessment of the usefulness of 14 common tumor markers reviewed. Only P-CEA proved to be of any value but its usefulness was marginal. PMID- 3219218 TI - Assessment and presentation of survival experience in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. AB - The purpose of this article is to describe some statistical methods usually applied in articles concerning survival data. Some fundamental concepts for survival data will be described and among others a short review of the statistical theory of Kaplan-Meier plot and log-rank test will be given. The theory will be exemplified using DBCG data with examples of increasing complexity of the statistical models. As an advanced statistical model Cox's regression model for survival data is discussed. This model has been applied in a DBCG article concerning histological malignancy grading of invasive ductal breast carcinoma and the results from this will be brought up to date and discussed. PMID- 3219219 TI - Total mastectomy with special reference to surgical technique, extent of axillary dissection and complications. AB - Total mastectomy and partial axillary dissection as advised in the DBCG (Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group) protocols was performed in 104 consecutive females with operable primary invasive breast cancer, aged 34-82 years, median 47 years. The glandular removal was complete as assessed by microscopic examination of side resection planes and deep fascia of the surgical specimen. The number of removed axillary lymph nodes ranged from 1 to 28, median 8. The mortality was zero. There were no general complications. Wound complications comprised seroma (47.1%), flap margin necrosis (5.8%) and infection (1.9%). The pitfalls in securing total mastectomy are discussed as is the extent of axillary dissection for staging purposes. Furthermore, the problem of axillary dissection and axillary irradiation in node positive patients is considered. PMID- 3219221 TI - Bioptic strategy in breast cancer. AB - The bioptic strategy in breast cancer rests on the following basic conditions at the Department of Surgery K, Odense University Hospital: Firstly, clinical mammography precedes any bioptic procedure. Secondly, the bioptic procedure must secure representative tissue for histological examination. Thirdly, knife-biopsy should preferably be excisional. Finally, tissue examination is exclusively done by the pathologist and always on unfixed tissue. The application and outcome of the employed biopsy methods are illustrated by a series of 365 women with operable, primary invasive breast cancer, treated from 1982 to 1987. Definitive surgery was mainly based on excisional (62%) or needle biopsy (24%). Three fourths of the patients were treated by the one-stage procedure. However, within the last year of the period the rate of needle biopsy and two-stage procedures was doubled, increasingly employing core-aspirating needle biopsy synchronously with mammography and done by the radiologist. So far, patient compliance and histological outcome is satisfactory. PMID- 3219220 TI - Influence of adjuvant irradiation on the development of late arm lymphedema and impaired shoulder mobility after mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast. AB - The influence of postoperative radiation therapy on development of late arm lymphedema and shoulder joint disability following mastectomy was evaluated from a series of 57 women with operable carcinoma of the breast. The patients were divided into three groups. Common for all three groups was mastectomy and partial axillary dissection. In addition one group received postoperative irradiation plus systemic therapy and another group systemic therapy alone. The incidence of late arm lymphedema/impaired shoulder mobility was 11%/4% in the group of patients undergoing surgery alone, 46%/38% in the group of patients receiving adjuvant irradiation and 6%/12% in the group of patients receiving adjuvant systemic therapy. It is concluded that adjuvant irradiation to the axilla in patients with metastatic lymph nodes highly increases the risk of late physical sequelae following modified radical mastectomy. Adjuvant systemic therapy can be administered to high risk patients without increasing the risk of late arm lymphedema and shoulder disability. PMID- 3219222 TI - Breast reconstruction after mastectomy. AB - In Denmark mastectomized women have shown an increasing interest in breast reconstruction. Secondary reconstruction one year after completed oncologic treatment is recommended. Patients are selected in collaboration with the oncologic treatment centers mainly from the group with localized (stage I) disease. Reconstruction of the breast dome is most commonly accomplished by submuscular implantation of a soft silicone prosthesis, often preceded by tissue expansion or combined with transfer of a musculocutaneous flap. In some cases flap transfer may provide sufficient bulk to eliminate the need for a prosthesis. Reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex is performed some months later, when symmetry in breast volume and placement has been established. Altogether the reconstructions may take 1/2-1 year in uncomplicated cases depending on the method used. The cosmetic results achieved are sufficiently good to warrant a recommendation that reconstructive surgery should be available--according to need -as an integral part of the treatment of women with breast cancer. PMID- 3219223 TI - The pattern of metastases in human breast cancer. Influence of systemic adjuvant therapy and impact on survival. AB - Of the 3,802 patients enrolled in the DBCG 77 protocols, 863 developed clinical recurrence within a median follow-up time of 4.9 years (range 2.0-7.0). More than 69% of these had their first recurrence confined to a single anatomical site and 12% had more than two metastatic sites. The most common sites were bone (35%), lung (23%), skin (22%), and regional lymph nodes (16%). The observation period after first recurrence was 3.6 years (range 0.8-6.4). Survival after recurrence was significantly related both to the location and the number of metastases. Patients who were given adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 134) had significantly fewer metastatic sites and significantly more frequent liver metastases than untreated patients (n = 50). Patients who received adjuvant tamoxifen (n = 154) had the same number of metastatic sites, but more often had lung metastases than untreated patients (n = 201). These results probably reflect that metastases in different anatomical locations differ with respect to sensitivity to antineoplastic treatments. PMID- 3219224 TI - Risk factors for breast cancer and their prognostic significance. AB - Since 1960 a 50% increase has occurred in breast cancer incidence in Denmark. With the present rates one out of fifteen Danish women will develop breast cancer before the age of 75 years. To evaluate the influence of known and suspected epidemiologic factors on the risk of developing breast cancer and on prognosis, a population-based study has been carried out, where cases were identified from the files of the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG) and the Danish Cancer Registry. Results are communicated from the case-control part of this study, including 1486 breast cancer cases aged less than 70, diagnosed over a one-year period, and an age-stratified-random sample of 1336 women without breast cancer from the general population. Data on risk factors were collected by self administered (mailed) questionnaires. Classical risk factors, such as high social status, nulliparity, early menarche and late natural menopause were confirmed, while no association was found between breast cancer and maternal age at first childbirth. PMID- 3219225 TI - DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction in primary breast carcinomas in relation to prognostic factors and survival for premenopausal patients at high risk for recurrent disease. AB - Fine needle aspiration on small tumour pieces from 153 premenopausal women with primary breast cancer at high risk for developing recurrent disease has been used for flow cytometric DNA analysis; 133 of the tumours had either one or more cell populations different from diploid or a single, diploid cell population with an aspiration cytology showing presence of typical tumour cells. The distribution of tumour cell populations in this material was rather unusual with a high number of tetraploid populations. There were significant differences between various DNA ploidy classes with respect to prognostic factors such as lymph node involvement and oestrogen and progesterone receptor status. The S-phase fraction was significantly lower for diploid tumour cell populations compared to aneuploid populations. Diploid tumours with high S-phase fraction were not correlated to prognostic factors usually indicating a poor prognosis. Patients with an aneuploid tumour cell population classified as medium aneuploid had a significantly shorter recurrence-free survival than the rest of the patients. No conclusion on the effect of adjuvant treatment for patients with different tumour cell populations can be made at present. PMID- 3219226 TI - Relationship between estrogen receptor status in the primary tumor and its regional and distant metastases. An immunohistochemical study in human breast cancer. AB - Treatment of metastatic breast cancer based on the estrogen receptor content (ER) of the primary tumor builds on the assumption that the ER status of the primary tumor and the metastases are largely equal. Studies addressing this question have used ligand-binding assays for ER determination and have consequently been subject to the limitations of this technique. Reported disparity rates have been 20%. In order to avoid some of these limitations, we used an immunohistochemical assay in paraffin-embedded tissue. Among a total of 92 examined regional lymph node metastases, ER status was equal with that of their 37 primaries in 84 cases (91%). Semiquantified ER content was significantly correlated in primary tumor and the metastases (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001). Among a total of 51 distant metastases, equal ER status was found in 44 (86%) cases and a quantitative relationship could not be established. Disparities can be due to methodological errors in the histochemical assay or tumor heterogeneity. PMID- 3219227 TI - A glycopeptide from adenocarcinoma tissue of human lung. AB - A glycopeptide from adenocarcinoma tissue of human lung was extracted by protein digestion with papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4). This component was isolated by Pevikon block electrophoresis. It possessed hexose, glucosamine, fucose, galactosamine, and sialic acid. In its carbohydrate composition and also the abundance of threonin in the peptide moiety it was quite similar to the glycoprotein from gastrointestinal tract. The physical characteristic of the two, such as their optical rotation and viscosity, were also very similar each other. PMID- 3219228 TI - Pathways of succinate formation and their contribution to improvement of cardiac function in the hypoxic rat heart. AB - Hypoxia led to a dramatic acceleration of amino acid breakdown together with succinate synthesis in the rat heart. Our data do not confirm the simultaneous conversion of aspartate and glutamate to succinate, which has been repeatedly assumed in the literature (7, 8, 21, 28-30), but rather suggest that different pathways are involved during developing hypoxia and that glutamate is the sole source for anaerobic succinate production from endogenous sources in the glucose perfused heart. Perfusion of hypoxic rat hearts with 2-oxoglutarate, malate, and fumarate (5 mM each) increased succinate formation three- to fourfold. The beneficial effects of these substances on left ventricular systolic pressure, end diastolic pressure, and time of recovery may be due to the elevated content of ATP in these hearts compared to hypoxic controls with glucose as the sole substrate. However, the maintenance of a high rate of anaerobic glycolysis in hearts perfused with 2-oxoglutarate, malate, and fumarate and not the small stimulation of succinate synthesis is considered to be the most important mechanism of cardiac protection. A proposed pathway assumes that malate, after dehydration to fumarate, may serve as an alternative electron acceptor for cytosolic NADH during conditions of oxygen deficiency, thereby cancelling glycolytic inhibition. PMID- 3219229 TI - Hepatic antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in carbon tetrachloride induced liver cirrhosis in rats. AB - Liver cirrhosis was induced in rats by the combined action of oral phenobarbitone and inhalations of carbon tetrachloride vapors. These rats manifested hepatosplenomegaly, hypoalbuminemia, and 2- to 17-fold elevations in serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase levels. The hepatic antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, showed 28 and 60% decreases, respectively. There was, however, no increase in the hepatic lipid peroxidation. These studies suggest that in cirrhosis liver cell damage may result due to the direct attack of the oxygen free radicals. Lipid peroxidation in the liver may not be a prerequisite for the development of cirrhosis, as is generally believed. PMID- 3219230 TI - Hydrazine stress in the diabetic: ornithine decarboxylase activity. AB - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes of 7 weeks duration increased male Sprague-Dawley rat kidney ornithine decarboxylase activity by 4.8-fold but did not affect the liver enzyme. Hydrazine treatment of 4 hr duration stimulated equally kidney ornithine decarboxylase activities of nondiabetic and diabetic rats. Hydrazine treatment increased liver ornithine decarboxylase activity in the nondiabetic rat but did not increase it in the diabetic rat. Since hydrazine stimulates ornithine decarboxylase activity prior to polyamine and protein syntheses, we speculate that the lack of hydrazine stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase in the diabetic liver may be related in part to the unrestrained gluconeogenesis and depressed Kreb's cycle activity: the latter being required for protein synthesis. PMID- 3219231 TI - Effects of calcium deprivation on n-6 fatty acid metabolism in growing rats. AB - Two separate experiments examining the effects of calcium deficiency on plasma and liver fatty acids in rats were conducted. In Experiment I, weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a calcium-deficient diet with or without the supplementation of 5 or 20 g/kg calcium for 22 days. There were no significant differences in plasma and liver fatty acid distribution between the two calcium supplemented groups. However, calcium deficiency significantly elevated the levels of 18:3n-6 in plasma and liver cholesteryl esters and liver phospholipids, while it reduced the levels of 20:3n-6 in plasma cholesteryl esters. In Experiment II, weanling rats were fed a calcium-deficient diet supplemented with 5 g/kg calcium for 22 days. After overnight fast, animals were given by intragastric feeding a dose of 4 g/kg body wt gamma-linolenic acid concentrate (containing 92% 18:3n-6 ethyl ester), and were killed 22 hr later. The levels of 18:3n-6 were significantly higher, whereas the levels of 20:3n-6 were either not changed or lower than those in calcium-supplemented group. In both experiments, the ratios of (20:3n-6 + 20:4n-6)/18:3n-6 in plasma and liver lipids were significantly reduced in calcium-deficient rats. These results suggest that calcium may play an important and specific role in the process of elongation of 18:3n-6 to 20:3n-6. PMID- 3219232 TI - Effect of erythropoietin on membrane lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase of rat RBC. AB - Starved animals having low levels of erythropoietin in blood showed increased MDA, fluorescent pigments, and met-Hb values whereas the hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly on starvation. In vivo and in vitro studies with Ep reversed the effects of starvation and brought these values close to normal. The activities of the enzymes (SOD, catalase, GSH-PX, GR G6PD, and 6PGD) which protect the RBC membrane directly or indirectly from peroxidative threat, decreased on starvation and restored to normal levels after Ep treatment. PMID- 3219234 TI - Evolution of the structural proteins of human immunodeficiency virus: selective constraints on nucleotide substitution. AB - We have estimated the frequency of synonymous (KS) and amino acid replacement nucleotide substitutions (KA) among gag and env genes of published HIV sequences. The ratio of KS to KA can be used as an indicator of the intensity of the selective constraints on the amino acid sequence of a protein. By this approach we have shown that for both gp120 and gp41, the rate of change in amino acid sequence relative to the overall rate of change in nucleotide sequence is higher than for any other protein yet analyzed. The gag proteins p15 and p17 evolve slightly less rapidly, but p24 is relatively strongly conserved. We have compared the env gene of HIV with those of two other retroviruses for which appropriate data are available. In neither murine leukemia virus nor feline leukemia virus do the envelope glycoproteins evolve particularly rapidly. These results suggest that HIV is unusual among retroviruses in that both gp120 and gp41 are evolving under extremely weak selective constraints relative to the rest of the viral genome; accordingly, much of the observed variation may be selectively neutral. PMID- 3219233 TI - Molybdenum cofactor deficiency in a patient previously characterized as deficient in sulfite oxidase. AB - The metabolic status of a patient previously characterized as deficient in sulfite oxidase was reexamined applying new methodology which has been developed to distinguish between a defect specific to the sulfite oxidase protein and sulfite oxidase deficiency which arises as a result of molybdenum cofactor deficiency. Urothione, the metabolic degradation product of the molybdenum cofactor, was undetectable in urine samples from the patient. Analysis of molybdenum cofactor levels in fibroblasts by monitoring reconstitution of apo nitrate reductase in extracts of the Neurospora crassa mutant nit-1 revealed that cells from the patient were severely depleted. Quantitation of urinary oxypurines showed that hypoxanthine and xanthine were highly elevated while uric acid remained in the normal range. These results were interpreted to indicate a severe but incomplete deficiency of the molybdenum cofactor. The presence of very low levels of active cofactor, supporting the synthesis of low levels of active sulfite oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, could explain the metabolic patterns of sulfur and purine products and the relatively mild clinical symptoms in this individual. PMID- 3219235 TI - Enhanced in vitro inhibition of HIV-1 replication by 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine compared to several other nucleoside analogs. AB - Nucleoside analogs were synthesized and tested for anti-HIV-1 activity in two in vitro test systems using MT-4 cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity was assessed in both assays and additionally in several human lymphoblastoid cell lines. One analog, 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine, exhibited higher antiviral potency and slightly higher cytotoxicity than 3'-azido-3' deoxythymidine. Analogs showing lower cytotoxicity than 3'-azido-3' deoxythymidine demonstrated reduced antiviral activity. 3'-fluoro-3' deoxythymidine may become an alternative chemotherapeutic agent because of its high antiretroviral potency. Its toxicity, however, deserves further investigation. PMID- 3219236 TI - HTLV-1 infection in tropical spastic paraparesis: lymphocyte culture and serologic response. AB - All 17 patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) in a series seen in the United Kingdom have antibodies to the human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV 1). Cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes from these patients formed multinucleated giant cells and reacted with sera and monoclonal antibodies to HTLV-1 in a manner identical to adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) patient lymphocytes. Western blot analysis failed to reveal any marked difference in the antigens recognized by sera from TSP and ATLL patients. The sera from TSP patients, their asymptomatic relatives and ATLL patients were titrated using the following assays: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), particle agglutination, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and pseudotype neutralization. There were significantly stronger serologic responses in the TSP patients than in their relatives or ATLL patients. High antibody titers in the presence of replicating virus often reflect the antigen load; however, these data are also consistent with the suggestion that neurologic damage in TSP may be immunologically mediated. PMID- 3219237 TI - Absence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus in Peruvian prostitutes. AB - We serologically tested 140 female prostitutes (mean age, 30 years) from the port city of Callao, Peru, for evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex viruses (HSV) I and II, and hepatitis B virus. The women had worked as prostitutes for an average of 5 years; one-fourth serviced foreign visitors exclusively, mainly sailors. Only 4 women used condoms, and only 1 woman gave a history of parenteral narcotic abuse, although 53% were regularly exposed to unsterile needles outside the medical setting for injections of vitamins, antibiotics, or steroids; another 29% are thought to probably use unsterile needles. None of the 140 prostitutes screened was seropositive for HIV, despite a very high prevalence of antibody to T. pallidum (24%), C. trachomatis (97%), HSV I and II (100%), and hepatitis B (51%); 5% were HbsAg positive. These data indicate that HIV has not yet been introduced into female prostitutes in the Peruvian port city. We believe that widespread use of unsterile needles in developing countries, such as Peru, represents a serious health threat and will amplify the spread of HIV, once introduced. PMID- 3219238 TI - [Cerebral lateralization in two cases of crossed dextral aphasia with right hemisphere arteriovenous malformation]. AB - This paper reports two cases of crossed dextral aphasia. The first patient was a 60-year-old right-handed male with no family history of sinistrality. He experienced sudden onset of left hemiplegia and loss of consciousness. A CT scan showed high-density area in the right fronto-parietal region. An angiography revealed an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the right parietal lobe. It was fed by a branch of the middle cerebral artery and drained through a cortical vein. Neuropsychological examination one week after the surgery showed severe defects of all language moderalities. He was alert and cooperative, but completely mute. He recognized common words by auditory and visual stimuli, but could not perform simple command. He wrote some meaningless letters when asked to write his own name. Auditory and reading comprehension gradually improved thereafter, but Broca's type of aphasia with non-fluent hesitant and effortful output was still present four months after the surgery. The second patient was a 38-year-old right-handed male. All members of this family are right-handed except for one sister who is left-handed. He suddenly suffered left hemiparesis and loss of consciousness. A CT scan disclosed a right parietal intracerebral hematoma. And an AVM which was fed by the angular artery and drained through a cortical vein was angiographically demonstrated in the same area. Postoperatively the left hemiparesis rapidly disappeared, but left homonymous hemianopsia and anomic type of aphasia still persisted. His speech was fluent and daily communication was possible in spite of circumlocutory paraphasic output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219239 TI - [Effects of bifemelane on the free fatty acid levels during ischemia]. AB - Using the four-vessel extracranial one staged occlusion model of adult Wistar rats, we analyzed quantitatively released free fatty acids during ischemia. Also have we analyzed the effect of bifemelane to reduce free fatty acid accumulation after the onset of ischemia. Bifemelane (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg) and saline as control were intraperitoneally administered to adult Wistar rat prior to 30 minutes of experimentally induced ischemia. The results obtained were analyzed by one or two way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Physiological variables (systemic arterial pressure, PaO2, PaCO2, pH) did not change significantly in all four experimental groups. Total free fatty acid levels (sum of 5 fatty acid) increased significantly after ischemia (30 minutes). Higher dose (30 mg/kg) of bifemelane administration significantly reduced total free fatty acid accumulation, though lower dose (15 mg/kg) did have no effect. Bifemelane (30 mg/kg) reduced significant accumulation in the amount of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid (palmitic acid [16:0], stearic acid [18:0] and oleic acid [18:1]). Arachidonic (20:4) and docosahexaenoic (22:6) acid failed to show any effective reduction by bifemelane pre-treatment of lower nor higher dose. Bifemelane is supposed to have many pharmacological effects such as increase in cerebral blood flow, augmentation of glucose uptake, monoamine metabolism, cerebral vasodilatation and platelet antiaggregation. Free fatty acid accumulation is effectively suppressed by the higher dose of bifemelane administration. Although the exact mechanism are not clearly identified by the result obtained in this experiment, selective inhibition of accumulation in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids by bifemelane pretreatment may be obtained by the improvement of energy metabolism, which may help to reacylation of fatty acid into phospholipid. PMID- 3219240 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potential and local cerebral glucose utilization in the transient MCA-occluded rat]. AB - Wistar rats were used through the experiments. Preparatory operations for the autoradiography and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) were performed under 1.5% halothane anesthesia. After a control measurement of SEP, the left MCA was occluded with a micro clip. The animals were divided into 2 groups. In the 1st group (n = 8), the clip was removed 1 hour after MCA occlusion and 4 rats were used for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) by 14C-DG autoradiography. Another 4 rats were allowed to recover from anesthesia and used for the histopathological examination after 72 hours. In the 2nd group (n = 8), the clip was removed 2 hours after occlusion and the same procedures were performed. SEP was monitored throughout the experiment. Two positive and one negative peaks were recorded before MCA occlusion. SEP diminished immediately after MCA occlusion. Following the removal of the clip, complete recovery of SEP was observed in the 1st group of rats. However, in the 2nd group, recovery of SEP was minimal. In the 1st group, LCGU in the sensorimotor cortex at 30 minutes after reperfusion showed 22% reduction compared to that of the contralateral homologous area. In the 2nd group, in the contrast, 66% reduction of LCGU was observed. Experimental results indicate that SEP and LCGU in the early recovery period of ischemia are able to predict the reversibility of ischemic brain. PMID- 3219241 TI - [The effect of phenytoin on free fatty acid liberation and mononucleotide metabolism in transient ischemia]. AB - Ischemia gives rise to severe energy depletion and influx of Ca from the extracellular space, and it is suggested that increased intracellular Ca leads to the activation of phospholipase C and A, and to liberation of free fatty acids (FFA) in particular arachidonic acid. Phenytoin has been reported not only to maintain the intra- and extracellular cation balance but blockade the Ca channel. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of phenytoin on the liberation of FFA, energy metabolism and mononucleotide metabolism in ischemic brain. Male Wistar rats were subjected to global cerebral ischemia induced by the occlusion of basilar and bilateral common carotid arteries. The brains were frozen in situ by the funnel technique after 5 or 30 min of ischemia or after 10, 30, or 60 min of recirculation following 30 min of ischemia. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, FFA, and glycolytic intermediates were measured by HPLC, GLC, and fluoro-enzymatic method. In non-treated rats, ATP reached a nadir after 5 and 30 min of ischemia. Phenytoin significantly attenuated ATP depletion after 5 and 30 min of ischemia. And also E.C. is higher in phenytoin treated rats than in non-treated rats in ischemia. After 60 min of recirculation, ATP recovered to 1.93 +/- 0.02 mumol (72.3% of pre-ischemia) in treated rats but 1.60 +/- 0.07 mumol/g (60% of pre-ischemia) in non treated rats. In E.C., there are significant differences between non-treated and treated rats after 10 and 30 min of recirculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219242 TI - [Scalp recorded P13 and spinal recorded N13 in short latency somatosensory evoked potentials]. AB - Using non-cephalic reference and by median nerve stimulation, P 13 component and N 13 component are recorded on the scalp (scalp P 13) and the posterior neck (spinal N 13), respectively, in the short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). The purpose of this study is to disclose the origin, characteristics and clinical significance of these two components. Ten healthy volunteers served for normal subjects. Ten patients with pontine lesion or brain death were studied. The effect of barbiturate was also studied in additional 5 patients during anesthesia for cranioplastic surgeries. Electrical stimuli of 0.2 msec square wave pulse were used in routine examination. To confirm the effects of stimulation frequency, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 27 Hz were also used in normal subjects. Recording electrodes were placed in the following sites. (1) Scalp electrode at the Shagass' point contralateral to the stimulated side (Par.). (2) Posterior neck electrode on the spinous process of the fifth cervical vertebrae (Cv5), (3) Anterior neck electrode on the thyroidal cartilage (Ant. C). (4) Erb's electrode just above the mid-clavicular point ipsilateral to the stimulation. Erb's electrode contra-lateral side of stimulation was used as a reference. Spinal N 13 on posterior neck reversed its polarity into P 13 (spinal P 13) on the anterior cervical electrode. A study with different stimulus rates revealed that the latency of scalp P 13 significantly prolonged at 24 Hz stimulation. On the other hand, the latency of spinal N 13-P 13 easily prolonged even at 18 Hz. This suggested that spinal N 13-P 13 were generated polysynaptically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219243 TI - [An autopsy case of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage and necrotizing angitis associated with methamphetamine abuse]. AB - We report an autopsy case of methamphetamine-related intracranial hemorrhage and vasculitis. The possible relationship between drug usage and the occurrence of intracranial bleeding and cerebral vasculitis in such patients is discussed. A 22 year-old woman died after an intravenous injection of unknown dose of methamphetamine. A computed tomography head scan demonstrated massive subarachnoid hemorrhage and hematoma in corpus callosum. Cerebral angiography revealed nonfilling of bilateral intracranial carotid arteries and extravasation of contrast medium from right pericallosal artery which was visualized retrogradely via vertebral artery. Postmortem studies showed cerebral edema, subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, and intracranial vasculitis in the absence of aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation or chronic hypertension. Histological findings of necrosis of blood vessel walls with destruction of the elastica and smooth muscle layer, and without leukocytotic infiltration of the blood vessel walls were observed in order of anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, vertebral, posterior cerebral and basilar arteries. These angiographic and histological evidence suggests that such hemorrhage results from the development of fibrinonecrosis in the large intracerebral vessels, in addition to a sudden rise in blood pressure. PMID- 3219244 TI - [Effect of ACNU against experimental brain tumor--immunohistochemical study using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody]. AB - We have studied the efficacy of intrathecal ACNU against experimental leptomeningeal tumors. In the present report, the effect of ACNU on the growth kinetics of the tumor was evaluated by the immunohistochemical technique using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody. The experimental leptomeningeal tumor was developed by inoculation of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells into the cisterna magna of rats. Seven days after the inoculation of tumor cells, the animals were treated either by intravenous (15 mg/kg) or intrathecal (1.5 mg/kg) ACNU. Four, 12, 24, 48, 96 or 144 hours after treatment, the animals received intravenous BrdU (200 mg/kg). Thirty minutes thereafter, they were sacrificed and the brain was removed. L. I. was calculated by counting the immunoreactive tumor cells. L. I. of the tumor without treatment on the seventh day after inoculation was over 40%. L. I. began to decrease 24 hours after intravenous ACNU, and remained 11% up to 96 hours. On the other hand, L. I. already decreased to 20% 4 hours after intrathecal ACNU and remained to be low (17%) up to 48 hours. However, L. I. increased to 38% at 96 hours. Thus, the effect on the growth kinetics of the tumor differs between intravenous and intrathecal ACNU. These results are considered to be useful informations for determining the optimal dosage of the antineoplastic agent against the brain tumor and developing the effective combination chemotherapy. PMID- 3219246 TI - Adult ECMO performed with surface-heparinized equipment. AB - To avoid the drawbacks of systemic anticoagulation during prolonged extracorporeal lung assist, a heparinization technique has been developed by which partially degraded heparin is covalently end-point attached to the surface of the equipment that constitutes the extracorporeal circuit (Carmeda Bio-Active Surface; CABS). Four patients have been treated with extracorporeal carbon dioxide elimination and low pressure-low frequency ventilation for acute respiratory failure (ARF) by means of extracorporeal equipment coated with the CBAS. The author's experience is that by using the CBAS technique it is possible to perform an extracorporeal circulation on a prolonged basis with minimal systemically administered heparin, thus avoiding the risk of major coagulation defects. PMID- 3219245 TI - Surgical implantation of the artificial urinary sphincter. AB - The surgery necessary for sphincter placement is much more difficult than that required during the placement of penile prostheses, and there is definitely an associated learning curve. The risks of complications are present, but for a patient with the severe social and psychological disability of urinary incontinence, these risks are generally acceptable. PMID- 3219247 TI - Venovenous perfusion of adults and children with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Pennsylvania State University experience from 1982-1987. PMID- 3219248 TI - Reducing the variability in durability of heart valve bioprostheses. Key factor for future improvement. AB - Two observations concerning the Meadox unicusp bovine pericardial valve were presented. First, calcification has not been a major problem because of the relatively short implant durations (less than 5 years). The second observation was that thromboembolism was found to be practically nonexistent. The third observation was that the leaflets of certain valves that had been removed showed leaflet stretching, which resulted in excess stress in certain loci of the leaflet. The studies reported here showed that the bovine pericardial sac was distensible to various degrees. Strips from various sections of pericardium had a large spectrum of strain (5-45%), at very small stress levels (less than or equal to 4 g/mm2). Further, within any section the material was anisotropic, with strain differences of 25%. Finally, histologic studies of clinical grade Ionescu Shiley bovine pericardial valves showed marked discrepancies in structure and staining characteristics, further documenting that this material is not homogeneous. New methods of tissue selection are mandatory and have been designed to improve uniformity and ultimately reduce the viability in performance in the clinical setting. This method can be applied to all pericardial valves. PMID- 3219249 TI - The effects of anticalcification treatments on bioprosthetic heart valves implanted in sheep. AB - Several preimplantation processes have been shown to inhibit the calcification of pieces of porcine aortic valves and of bovine parietal pericardium implanted subcutaneously in rats. To investigate the effectiveness of these processes in modifying the calcification of bioprosthetic valves implanted in an intracardiac position, mitral and tricuspid valve replacements were performed in young sheep. Bioprosthetic valves treated with the following preimplantation processes were studied: 1) surfactants, including sodium dodecyl sulfate, polysorbate-80, Triton X-100 and N-lauryl sarcosine; 2) covalently bound aminohydroxypropane diphosphonic acid; 3) toluidine blue; and 4) incorporation of polyacrylamide into valvular tissues. Quantitative calcium analyses showed that only the surfactants substantially reduced calcification of bioprostheses implanted in intracardiac positions. This effect was evident only in porcine aortic valvular bioprostheses, and not in pericardial bioprostheses. Triton X-100 and N-lauryl sarcosine not only reduced calcification but also induced alterations that decreased the durability of the valves. Toluidine blue decreased calcification to a degree that was statistically significant but not biologically important, while polyacrylamide incorporation and diphosphonate binding increased calcification. Thus, data regarding anticalcification treatments obtained from subcutaneous implantation studies in small animal models should be interpreted cautiously and validated by studies with intracardiac valvular implantation in large animals. PMID- 3219251 TI - In vitro testing of bioprostheses. PMID- 3219250 TI - The future of bioprosthetic valves. AB - The glutaraldehyde treated bioprosthetic heart valve is the most intensively studied valve in the history of heart valve replacement. The valve is examined from three aspects: hemodynamics, thromboembolism, and durability. The hemodynamic performance of the porcine bioprosthetic heart valve reveals that it performs as well as the Hall-Medtronic valve, better than the Starr-Edwards valve, but not as well as the St. Jude valve. The main reason for using the bioprosthetic heart valve is to decrease thromboembolism or avoid anticoagulation. The author concludes that evidence appears to support that with bioprosthetic heart valves the incidence of thromboembolism is indistinguishable from the best mechanical heart valves, with the difference being that patients with bioprosthetic valves do not need to be anticoagulated. In our experience with durability at 15 years, freedom from primary tissue failure with the porcine bioprosthetic heart valve is 41% for all valves, 44.8% for the aortic valves, and 40.8% for the mitral valve. After 15 years experience with the porcine bioprosthetic heart valve its main limitation is its lack of durability and therefore currently is used for selected indications. PMID- 3219252 TI - Small diameter vascular prostheses. PMID- 3219253 TI - Investigation of hemolytic anemia after chloramine exposure in a dialysis center. PMID- 3219255 TI - Development of a new long-term access device for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3219254 TI - Factors influencing acute thrombus formation on carotid artery vascular grafts. AB - Scintillation camera imaging of 111Indium-labeled platelets has been used to measure acute thrombus formation on modified expanded Teflon (ePTFE) vascular grafts (Gore-Tex, 4.0 mm i.d. x 3-5 cm in length, W. L. Gore and Associates, Inc., Flagstaff, AZ) placed in the carotid arteries of normal baboons. Platelet deposition plateaued over 2 hr postoperatively and occurred primarily at the graft-vessel anastomoses. A positive correlation was found between the circulating platelet count in individual animals and the extent of early platelet thrombus deposition. Unmodified ePTFE grafts accumulated 4.6 +/- 1.2 x 10(9) platelets per graft, or 2.3 +/- 0.71 x 10(9) platelets per anastomosis. Acutely, platelet accumulation was reduced versus control graft results by coating the graft lumenal surfaces with a smooth layer of silicone rubber polymer (0.60 +/- 0.19 x 10(9) platelets per anastomosis; P less than 0.02) but not by coating the grafts using a plasma polymer based on methane, which did not modify graft texture (8.2 +/- 1.7 x 10(9) platelets per graft; P greater than 0.10). The benefit of the silicone rubber coating persisted for at least 48 hr. However, longer term patency was not preserved because 10 of 12 grafts placed had failed within 1 to 2 months. PMID- 3219256 TI - Percutaneous access for peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3219257 TI - Permanently implanted devices for drug infusion. PMID- 3219258 TI - Kinetic analysis of cholesterol removal by thermofiltration. AB - Excellent prediction of post treatment lipid concentrations using a simple one compartment kinetic model was shown. Higher plasma filter sieving coefficients for total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were obtained from healthy volunteers, suggesting that in hypercholesterolemic patients the LDL fraction has a larger mean particle size. The difference in plasma filter sieving coefficients for apoprotein B and LDL cholesterol indicates a large heterogeneity in LDL particle sizes. The HDL cholesterol post treatment concentration decreased an average of 30% compared with the pretreatment concentration. However, because the total drop in cholesterol concentration was about 60%, the ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol improved substantially. Removal of LDL and total cholesterol closely approximated the theoretic 100% removal line representing plasma exchange, and a high return of HDL cholesterol was achieved. The simple kinetic model can be used for treatment planning (calculation of plasma volume to be processed) to achieve the desired post treatment macrosolute concentrations. PMID- 3219259 TI - An adsorption and filtration technique for temporary hepatic assistance. PMID- 3219261 TI - Diagnosis and surgical treatment of erectile dysfunction. PMID- 3219260 TI - A hybrid bioartificial liver composed of multiplated hepatocyte monolayers. AB - Monolayer cultures of hepatocytes were shown to have good function when compared with suspended cells. The authors manufactured a new hybrid artificial liver containing hepatocyte monolayers and evaluated its function. Hepatocytes isolated from an adult dog liver were cultured on collagen coated borosilicated glass (10 X 20 X 0.04 cm). A long-stroke artificial liver module was constructed by stacking 200 glass plates bearing hepatocytes, which were viable and functioned well during 4 weeks in perfusion culture; glyconeogenesis = 110 ng/micrograms DNA/min, urea synthesis = 3.6 ng/micrograms DNA/min and albumin synthesis = 29 micrograms/10(6) cells/day at the 5th day of perfusion. The levels were maintained for 2 weeks. The new device was applied to anhepatic dogs (Group 3) and compared with untreated (Group 1) and plasma exchange dogs (Group 2). The survival times were 21.3 +/- 5.6 hours in Group 1 (N = 6), 27.8 +/- 4.0 hours in Group 2 (N = 3), and 55.0 +/- 10.3 hours in Group 3 (N = 4). The longest survival was 65 hours. Serum ammonia increased to over 2,000 micrograms/dl after 12 hours in Groups 1 and 2, but remained under 400 micrograms/dl in Group 3. This new type of hybrid system may be a pilot design for the complete artificial liver. PMID- 3219262 TI - The inflatable penile prosthesis. PMID- 3219263 TI - Mechanical penile prostheses. The OmniPhase and DuraPhase designs. PMID- 3219264 TI - Urinary incontinence. An introduction. AB - This schemata briefly outlines the therapeutic approaches to different groups of incontinent patients. Using this approach, many incontinent patients can become continent. Unfortunately, these procedures are not applicable to all patients. The patient with poor motivation or poor manual dexterity will never learn to function with an incontinence sphincter. Insofar as incontinence effects such a large percentage of elderly patients, however, there is active interest by the health planning agencies to address this problem. PMID- 3219265 TI - Enzymes of mannose metabolism in murine and human lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Mannose in animal cells is phosphorylated by hexokinase (HK) and later isomerised by mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI) to fructose-6-P, which is incorporated in the glycolysis pathway. In this paper we report a significant decrease of MPI activity in splenic lymphoid cells from AKR/J old mice with lymphocytic leukaemia in comparison to that found in splenic lymphocytes from AKR/J non-leukaemic young mice and BALB/c young and old control mice. However, HK with mannose as substrate presents a normal activity in AKR/J leukaemic mice. This marked shortage of MPI explains the in vitro mannose toxicity found by us here in splenic lymphoid cells from AKR/J leukaemic mice. MPI activity was also decreased in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 4 out of the 6 patients studied with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in relation to the activity found in the lymphocytes from healthy donors. The utility of analysing MPI activity in leukaemia patients and the use of mannose as an innocuous chemotherapic supporting agent in patients with decreased MPI activity is proposed. PMID- 3219266 TI - In vitro sensitivity of clonogenic cells in resisting and relapsing patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia. AB - The evolution of in vitro bone marrow clonogenic leukaemic cells (CFU-L) drug sensitivity was studied in 23 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia treated with anthracycline and cytosine arbinoside (ara-C). In 12 patients tested before and after first induction treatment failure (interval: 6 +/- 4 weeks), the sensitivity remained stable for daunorubicin and showed little variation for ara C. Among eleven patients tested before treatment and at first relapse (interval: 13 +/- 7 months), in vitro CFU-L sensitivity revealed no correlation between the two measurements, and a trend in decreased sensitivity to daunorubicin and ara-C. These findings suggest that induction failures could be related to factors other than simple selection of a resistant CFU-L subclone. PMID- 3219267 TI - Dietary fat in relation to fatty acid composition of red cells and adipose tissue in colorectal cancer. AB - Fatty acids were determined in erthrocytes in 49 patients with colorectal cancer and compared with age and sex-matched controls. Marginally increased levels of stearic acid (P = 0.057) and oleic acid (P = 0.064) and decreased arachidonic acid (P = 0.043) occurred in cancer patients. There was no difference in the stearic to oleic acid ratio between the two groups. Dietary intake, assessed by dietary recall and adipose tissue analysis was also not different. In control subjects the polyunsaturated:saturated (P:S) fatty acid ratio correlated between diet and adipose tissue (P less than 0.01, at least). In contrast cancer patients showed different correlations; in particular dietary and erythrocyte P:S fatty acid ratios correlated (P less than 0.01). These findings may indicate disturbed fat metabolism in cancer patients. The erythrocyte stearic to oleic acid ratio is of no diagnostic value. PMID- 3219268 TI - A comparison of long-chain triglycerides and medium-chain triglycerides on weight loss and tumour size in a cachexia model. AB - A comparison has been made between the ability of long-chain triglycerides (LCT) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) to prevent weight loss induced by the cachexia-inducing colon adenocarcinoma (MAC16) and to reduce tumour size. There was no difference in calorie consumption or nitrogen intake between the various groups. When compared with a normal control high carbohydrate, low fat diet, animals fed MCT showed a reduced weight loss and a marked reduction in tumour size. In contrast neither weight loss nor tumour size differed significantly from the controls in animals fed the LCT diet. An elevated plasma level of 3 hydroxybuturate was found only in the animals fed the MCT diets. Administration of LCT caused an increase in the plasma level of FFA, which was not observed in the MCT group. These results suggest that diets containing MCT would provide the best ketogenic regime to reverse the weight loss in cancer cachexia with a concomitant reduction in tumour size. PMID- 3219269 TI - Oestrogen (ER) and progestin receptors (PR) in mammary tissue of the female dog: different receptor profile in non-malignant and malignant states. AB - Oestrogen (ER) and progestin receptors (PR) were measured in cytosols from histologically normal mammary tissues (n = 30), and in benign (n = 59) and malignant mammary lesions (n = 49) from female dogs. Receptor levels greater than or equal to 5 fmol mg-1 protein were considered positive. The presence of histologically normal mammary epithelium within specimens of primary tumours was noticed as a factor that may cause false-positive receptor results. Receptor levels in non-malignant tissues, and the receptor status of primary cancers did not vary significantly with regard to the phase of oestrous cycle (anoestrus/metoestrus) or the influence of exogenous progestins. ER- or PR positivity was more frequent and levels of both receptors were higher in 'normal' tissues and in benign lesions than in primary cancers (P less than 0.001). ER and PR levels were higher in benign lesions of dogs also developing malignant mammary tumours than in benign lesions of dogs that did not (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Regional and distant cancer metastases were frequently receptor-negative. In some dogs heterogeneity of receptor status was found between different sites of the same cancer. These findings indicate that in non malignant mammary tissues of adult female dogs expression of the genes encoding ER and PR is common. In malignant tumours this property may become lost, in particular in advanced states of disease. PMID- 3219270 TI - The flow cytometry of melanocytic skin lesions. AB - DNA flow cytometry was performed on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded melanocytic naevi. DNA aneuploidy was detected in all three types of naevus but was significantly more frequent in those naevi accepted as precursors of malignancy: that is, dysplastic and congenital pigmented hairy naevi. It may be that the presence of DNA aneuploidy has prognostic significance in these naevi. Technical problems were encountered in the analysis of data from melanocytic lesions so that caution is recommended in interpretation of studies using formalin fixed tissue. PMID- 3219271 TI - Progressive growth of a human pleural mesothelioma xenografted to athymic rats and mice. AB - A human malignant pleural mesothelioma was xenografted serially in athymic nude Rowett rats for 27 passages during 33 months. After the two initial passages (P), the take rate during P3-9 was 100% (192/192). The tumour grew progressively during P3-9 in 99% (190/192) and regressed totally in 1% (2/192). The take rate for the tumour xenografted to athymic BALB/c mice was also 100% (17/17) and no regressions were observed. During serial passaging in nude rats, the tumour volume doubling time (TD) decreased from 6 days in P2 to 3 days in P8-9 (P less than 0.001) and then remained around 3 days during P10-25. A TD of 11 days in P1 (man-mouse) for tumours grown in mice decreased during 10 passages in rats to 4 days (P less than 0.005) when the tumour was transplanted to mice in P11. Light microscopic morphology of the tumour was retained in rats and mice. We believe that our experimental tumour model using the nude rat as a carrier of the xenograft will be useful for studies of human mesothelioma. PMID- 3219272 TI - Inhibition by isoproterenol and neostigmine of experimental carcinogenesis in rat colon by azoxymethane. PMID- 3219273 TI - Treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer with (3-amino-1 hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD). AB - Twenty-eight patients with progressive symptomatic bone metastases from breast cancer received (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) 30 mg in 500 ml of 0.9% saline infused over 2 h every 14 days. No other systemic therapy for breast cancer was prescribed. All patients had progressed on at least one previous systemic treatment. APD was continued until the disease progressed. Patients were assessed for objective response by the UICC criteria. In addition, subjective response was determined by a pain questionnaire. Radiological evidence of bone healing with sclerosis of lytic disease (UICC partial response) was seen in 4 patients. The median duration of response was 10 months. Eleven patients had stable disease for at least 3 months (median 5 months) and 9 progressed. Symptomatic response occurred in 9 patients and 12 reported an improvement in quality of life. Treatment was tolerated well with no significant toxicity. In conclusion, long-term inhibition of bone destruction is possible with APD therapy alone and both subjective and objective responses are seen. PMID- 3219274 TI - Prednisolone improves the response to primary endocrine treatment for advanced breast cancer. AB - Two hundred and twenty patients with progressive advanced breast cancer were given primary endocrine treatment (PET) according to menstrual status. Pre menopausal patients received ovarian irradiation (O) and post-menopausal tamoxifen 10 mg bd (T). Patients were randomised to receive either no additional treatment or prednisolone 5 mg bd (P). Similar results were observed in each menstrual subgroup. In 194 evaluable patients, the response to PET + P was 49% and to PET alone 30% (P less than 0.01). P increased the median duration of response from 9 to 14 months (P less than 0.002) and the median time to disease progression from 5 to 9 months (P less than 0.001). Response to P after O or T alone occurred in only 2/62 (3%). Median survival in patients randomised to receive P at the outset of PET was prolonged by 4 months (P less than 0.05). The addition of P significantly improves the response to O or T in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 3219275 TI - The relationship of body weight to response to endocrine therapy, steroid hormone receptors and survival of patients with advanced cancer of the breast. AB - High body weight is associated with increased production of oestrogens which may influence the clinical behaviour of breast cancer. We have examined the influence of body weight on the response to endocrine therapy, steroid hormone receptor content and survival in 227 women who either presented with or developed advanced cancer of the breast. One hundred and thirty-three (59%) patients presented with operable disease and 94 (41%) with locally advanced tumours. Two hundred (88%) were treated by tamoxifen and 27 (12%) by ovarian ablation. High body weight was correlated with advanced tumour stage (P = 0.002) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity (P = 0.01), but not with the presence of oestrogen receptor (ER P = 0.21). The association between high body weight and PR positivity was particularly noticeable among ER positive tumours. There was no significant relationship between the nature of the response to therapy and weight (P = 0.57). There was no significant difference in survival from the start of endocrine therapy (P = 0.95), nor the time to progression of disease (P = 0.29) between patients above and below the median weight of 64 kg. Among the patients with operable disease, there was no difference in overall survival (P = 0.42), relapse free survival (P = 0.69), and survival from the start of endocrine therapy (P = 0.85) according to body weight. PMID- 3219277 TI - The treatment of intraperitoneal malignant disease with monoclonal antibody guided 131I radiotherapy. AB - Seven patients with small volume ovarian carcinoma, remaining after conventional therapy with surgery and a platinum containing chemotherapy regimen, were treated with intraperitoneal monoclonal antibody guided radiotherapy. 100 mCi131I conjugated to 10 mg of monoclonal antibody were injected i.p. in 2,000 ml peritoneal dialysis fluid. Patients were evaluated 3 months later; 3 had clinical progressive disease while third look laparotomy demonstrated progressive disease in 3 of the remaining 4 patients. The seventh patient did not have a third look laparotomy and is currently inevaluable for response. Five patients with recurrent malignant ascites not controlled by diuretics or repeated paracentesis were similarly treated with 75-170 mCi131I conjugated to 10 mg monoclonal antibody. In three patients the ascites was controlled for a mean of 4 months. One patient died too early to assess the control of his ascites but tumour cells disappeared from the ascitic fluid after therapy. In the patient whose ascites were not controlled, a subpopulation of antigen-negative tumour cells was demonstrated. This study was unable to demonstrate a therapeutic benefit for i.p. injected monoclonal antibody guided radiotherapy for solid intraperitoneal tumour but suggests that it may be capable of controlling the accumulation of antigen positive malignant ascites. PMID- 3219276 TI - Sequential cisplatin/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy and abdominopelvic radiotherapy in the management of advanced ovarian cancer. AB - Forty-six previously untreated patients with advanced ovarian cancer were treated with combination chemotherapy comprising cisplatin 80 mg m-2 i.v. and cyclophosphamide 1 gm-2 i.v. every 28 days for 5 cycles. Eighty-five percent of patients received more than 75% of the calculated doses, and of 43 evaluable patients, a complete response was achieved in 31 (72%), a partial response in 4 (9.3%) and 8 patients had static or progressive disease. The actuarial survival of the whole group is 60% at a median follow-up of 2 years. Twenty-four patients in complete clinical or pathological remission were then treated with whole abdominal radiotherapy 2,500 cGy followed by a pelvic boost of 2,000 cGy. The pelvic boost was omitted in 3 patients, and the overall radiotherapy treatment time extended in a further 4 patients on account of myelosuppression. The actuarial survival of the 24 patients receiving both treatments at a median of 30 months follow-up is 75%. In the 10 patients with negative second-look procedures completing both treatments there have been no tumour related deaths at a median follow-up of 33 months. PMID- 3219278 TI - The use of 131I-MIBG in the imaging of metastatic carcinoid tumours. PMID- 3219279 TI - Cancer support groups--who joins and why? AB - Tak Tent is a cancer support organisation consisting of 14 groups of which 11 are based in Scotland. In 1985, a survey was conducted among those attending the Scottish groups. 146 (79%) of the groups' members completed survey questionnaires. The results showed that Tak Tent's membership mainly comprised cancer patients (36%), relatives of patients (34%) and professionals involved in cancer care (21%). Women outnumbered men 3 to 1 and most of the membership belonged to social classes I, II or III. The groups appeared to be meeting their members' expectations of them to varying degrees. Respondents were satisfied that group membership had allowed them to make new friends, find out more about cancer and meet others facing similar difficulties. They were less certain that participation in a group had enabled them to learn how to cope better with cancer, share their problems with others or provide support for others to the extent they had anticipated. PMID- 3219280 TI - Breast cancer and the pill--a further report from the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study. AB - An analysis of the occurrence of breast cancer in this long-term prospective cohort study shows a significant relative risk (RR) in women who have ever used oral contraceptives (OC) of 3.33 in women age 30 to 34 years at diagnosis and an RR of 5.88 (P = 0.0011) in women who were parity 1 at the time of diagnosis. In women below the age of 35 years the RR of 2.38 was not significant. There was no increased risk in women over the age of 35 years. A significant trend relating to duration of use was demonstrable in women who were parity 1 in the analysis of both current and ever-users. An analysis by time since stopping OC use revealed a significant trend in all ever-users, but the trends were much steeper in women of parity 1 or aged 30 to 34 years at diagnosis. There was no evidence that the increased rates in OC users were related to the oestrogen or progestogen dose. The 5 year survival rate in users diagnosed under the age of 35 years was significantly poorer than in comparable non-users. It is possible that the increased rates in younger OC users might be due to an accelerated presentation of breast cancer in those women who would otherwise have been diagnosed at a later time. The non-significant excess risk in users under 35 years of age was approximately 1 in 7,000 users per year. The unresolved discrepancies between the results of the published studies make it impossible at the present time to decide whether or not OC use is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. PMID- 3219281 TI - Factors associated with oesophageal cancer in Soweto, South Africa. AB - Cancer of the oesophagus was a rare disease in the South African black population until the last few decades. Increases in incidence have occurred and at present it is the commonest cancer in black men in many parts of South Africa. A case control study of 200 oesophageal cancer patients and 391 hospital controls has been carried out in order to determine the risk factors in the urban black population of Soweto. The results indicate that the cancer patients were long term urban residents from a very low socio-economic group. The association between smoking pipe tobacco and oesophageal cancer previously noted in South Africa is confirmed. In addition, consumption of traditional beer was found to be a major risk factor. PMID- 3219282 TI - Cross-contamination of human cell lines. PMID- 3219283 TI - Effects of inhaled titanium dioxide dust on the lung and on the course of experimental Legionnaires' disease. AB - Guinea-pigs were exposed for 14 days to an aerosol of titanium dioxide (TiO2) dust to produce macrophage blockade. Groups of the animals were later infected by aerosol with Legionella pneumophila. Histological and ultrastructural studies showed that TiO2 dust alone was inert and non-fibrogenic and even at 6 weeks induced no pathological lesions in the lungs, apart from accumulation of macrophages in interalveolar septa. The macrophage blockade by TiO2 did not alter the animals' susceptibility to Legionnaires' disease nor increase mortality. The blockade was effective in the early stages of the infection and limited multiplication of L. pneumophila in the lungs. Later blood monocytes were recruited into the lungs, where they phagocytosed Legionellae, resulting in lung counts comparable to those of TiO2-free control animals. PMID- 3219284 TI - Streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis: development of an animal model to study its pathogenesis. AB - Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious and increasingly common human disease which can be caused by an infection with beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) of Lancefield groups A, C or G, spreading rapidly in the loose connective tissue over the muscle fascia. To facilitate study of its pathogenesis, we have developed an animal model for the production of a spreading infection with BHS in the loose connective tissue over the muscle layer in the skin of New Zealand White rabbits. Intradermal injection of group A BHS alone into the flank was unsatisfactory in that a spreading lesion occurred on only 12% of occasions. When the group A BHS were co-injected with cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, the results depended on the strain of S. aureus used: an abscess-producing strain isolated from pigs gave rise to a spreading lesion on 50% of occasions. When BHS were injected with the alpha-lysin of S. aureus at a titre which produced inflammation without necrosis, spreading lesions occurred on 75% of occasions. However, both inoculated and uninoculated broth acted synergistically with the alpha-lysin in potentiating the spread of the streptococci. This demonstration of synergy between BHS and alpha-lysin of S. aureus may reflect the clinical situation in the human, as both organisms have been found to occur together at sites where spreading streptococcal infections have originated. PMID- 3219285 TI - Endogenous prostaglandin E2 synthesis preserved following cytoprotection by Roter (bismuth subnitrate) in the rat alcohol model of gastric ulceration. AB - The protective effect of the compound preparation Roter, principally bismuth subnitrate and the other base constituents of these tablets, magnesium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, were assessed using the standard alcohol model of gastric ulceration in the rat. Groups of ten rats were studied with Group A as controls, Group B alcohol alone, Group C pretreatment with base components followed by alcohol, Group D pretreatment with bismuth subnitrate followed by alcohol and Group E pretreatment with full formulation Roter followed by alcohol. The study was assessed by measurement of areas of gastric ulceration and tissue prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Alcohol alone caused gross ulceration and reduction in PGE2 synthesis compared to controls (P less than 0.001). Pretreatment with tablet base gave only marginal protection whilst bismuth subnitrate gave marked protection against ulceration compared to alcohol alone (P less than 0.001). Full formulation Roter also gave marked protection against ulceration compared to alcohol alone (P less than 0.001) and this was associated with PGE2 synthesis indistinguishable from controls but significantly greater than in the alcohol alone group (P less than 0.001). It was not possible to determine whether the normal PGE2 synthesis was the cause or the result of protective effect of Roter and the accompanying reduction in ulceration. It was possible however to conclude that using this model of experimental ulceration. Roter and bismuth subnitrate are 'cytoprotective' and this was associated with the preservation of normal prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 3219286 TI - Significance of cyclosporin-A-associated renal surface irregularities. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate unusual irregularities observed on the surface of kidneys from rats which had been treated with seven 'clinically effective doses' (25 or 50 mg/kg) of cyclosporin A (CsA). Surface corrugations were obvious on gross examination and were a universal finding in our study which involved greater than 50 rats. Examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface irregularities resulted from swollen peritubular capillaries adjacent to vacuolized and partially collapsed tubules at the cortical surface. The enlarged capillaries were associated with vascular congestion, and although peritubular capillary congestion has been recognized in CsA-treated patients, it has been difficult to determine whether this reaction is associated with drug toxicity or graft rejection. Our findings, indicating that peritubular capillary congestion in addition to vacuolization and collapse of subcapsular tubules is a drug-associated phenomenon, may help give a more accurate assessment of biopsy and autopsy material from CsA-treated patients and laboratory animals. PMID- 3219287 TI - Changes in oxidative activities of chondrocytes during the early development of natural murine osteoarthritis. AB - A high incidence of natural osteoarthritis of the knee joint is found in male mice of the STR/ORT strain. The condition affects mainly the medial tibial cartilage and by the age of 27 weeks most male mice of this strain show some osteoarthritic change. Analysis of the oxidative metabolism of the chondrocytes during the development of the lesion has been facilitated by the techniques of quantitative cytochemistry. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has been investigated as indicative of the NADPH-generating pentose phosphate pathway; the activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have been studied as indicators of glycolytic activity. In young STR/ORT mice the G6PD activity of the lateral tibial cartilage was greater and more variable than in the control mice of the CBA/HT6 strain. The activity in the medial cartilage, relative to that in the lateral cartilage, decreased with age; this change was not reflected in the activities of the other enzymes. In the lateral cartilage, the expected relationship was found between the G6PD and the G3PD activities and between the LDH and the G3PD activities. In the medial cartilage, the G6PD activities were not related to the G3PD activities. The decreased proportionality of the G6PD activities in the medial cartilage as against that in the lateral cartilage was detected in mice as young as 9 weeks; by 27 weeks of age nine of the 13 mice showed marked depression of medial as against lateral G6PD activities. In contrast, only four of the 13 mice showed any overt histological charge until up to the age of 28 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219288 TI - Effects of chronic injection of sphingomyelin-containing liposomes on lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells in the spleen. Transient suppression of marginal zone macrophages. AB - Mice were injected with sphingomyelin/cholesterol or phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (PC/C) liposomes, from twice up to 10 times, on alternate days. Administration of sphingomyelin/cholesterol (SM/C) liposomes gave rise to hepato and splenomegaly, microgranulomatous infections and changes in macrophage numbers and activity in spleen and liver. Enzyme and immuno cytochemical methods were used, to demonstrate the effect of liposomes on the lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell populations, on cryostat sections of the spleen. Routine histological staining, of sphingomyelin/cholesterol treated animals, showed no drastic changes in morphology or compartmentalization of the spleen, apart from a small enlargement (with some microgranulomas) of the red pulp. No significant differences were found in the presence or localization of T-helper, T cytotoxic/suppressor, T-total-lymphocytes, B-total-lymphocytes, red pulp macrophages, marginal metallophils, or non-lymphoid dendritic cells. However, a transient suppression of cells expressing marginal zone macrophage surface marker ERTR-9, was observed between the second and eighth (intravenous) administration of sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomes. Immunization of these animals with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-ficoll, a thymus-independent type-2 antigen which is specifically processed by marginal zone macrophages (MZM), showed that these cells were not suppressed with regard to their immunological function. We conclude that chronic administration of sphingomyelin liposomes influences macrophages, probably through a general phagocytic-system overload, but not permanent or damaging changes in splenic cell populations or immunological functions occur. PMID- 3219289 TI - Mouse interstitial lung disease and pleuritis induction by human Mollicute-like organisms. AB - Mollicute-Like Organisms (MLO) are cell-wall deficient intracellular bacterial pathogens. As MLO are non-cultivable, detection is based on finding typical Mollicute bodies within the host cell using a transmission electron microscope. Extracellular Mollicutes cause disease by a variety of mechanisms. MLO cause disease by similar mechanisms, and in addition directly alter the host cell nucleus, replace the cytoplasm, and destroy the organelles. MLO parasitization of plant cells causes a well studied chronic vascular disease reversible by tetracycline antibiotics. Recently similar MLO were reported to cause human chronic ocular vasculitis. As it parasitizes, lyses, and destroys leucocytes, it has been termed Leucocytoclastic MLO. Inoculation of this MLO into mouse eyelids produced delayed onset chronic ocular and lethal cardiac vasculitis. All lesions demonstrated tissue lysis with leucocytic infiltrates and MLO parasitized leucocytes. MLO-caused human and mouse disease responds to Rifampin. This report describes the 40 interstitial lung disease lesions in 21 of 100 of those MLO inoculated mice vs 0 in 200 controls (P less than 0.05) and 27 pleuritis lesions in 17 mice vs 0 control mice (P less than 0.05). The lung and pleural disease were associated in 13 lesions and unassociated in 41 lesions. MLO parasitized leucocytes were found in both the lung and pleural lesions from six of six MLO inoculated mice versus none of six controls. As most human interstitial lung and pleural diseases are idiopathic and closely resemble this mouse disease, they may be induced by MLO and treatable by Rifampin. PMID- 3219290 TI - A prognostic classification of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. AB - The dependence of survival time on a set of prognostic factors was explored by means of Cox's regression model in 137 cases of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM). The following parameters recorded at diagnosis proved to be important independent indicators of a poor prognosis: a higher value for age, a lower value for Hb concentration, a higher value for immature myeloid cells in peripheral blood (IMC), a lower value for total erythroid iron turnover (TEIT), and a bone marrow red cell aplasia (RCA). A prognostic classification tree was constructed whose terminal nodes (risk groups), described by simple logical conditions upon important indicators, were characterized by significantly different expected survival. The two extreme risk groups lend themselves to a simple, but complete description. The low-risk group (19.7% of the sample) comprises cases who had the diagnosis of MMM before age 45 and a number of IMC constantly lower than 24%. The actuarial proportion of patients surviving at 15 years was 100%. The high-risk group (29.9% of cases) comprises patients with age greater than 45 and Hb lower than 13 g/dl, associated with RCA, or with a relatively decreased erythropoiesis (TEIT lower than 2 times the normal) or with IMC greater than 24%. Seven out of the 11 who died within this group developed blastic crisis. Median survival time of the group was 69 months. PMID- 3219291 TI - Identification of a CpG mutation in the coagulation factor-IX gene by analysis of amplified DNA sequences. AB - In a family with no previous bleeding history, the sister of a single, severely affected haemophilia B patient requested carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. In Southern blots, using Taq I digested DNA and a factor-IX cDNA probe, a normal invariant band at 1.6 kb was missing in the haemophiliac suggesting the loss of the Taq I site at the 5' end of exon h. A 162 bp sequence which includes the suspected mutant region was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction in each DNA. Two oligonucleotide probes were synthesized and differed by only one base pair which substituted a T for C in the normal Taq I recognition sequence. The amplified DNA was dot-blotted and hybridized with the labelled probes. The altered sequence hybridized to DNA from the affected individual, his sister and her fetus and not to DNA from the normals. The mutation, involving the haemophiliac, his mother, his sister and her fetus, transforms a CGA codon that encodes for arginine in the catalytic domain of the protein into a UGA stop codon. PMID- 3219292 TI - Thrombovascular disease and familial plasminogen deficiency: a report of three kindreds. AB - We report three kindreds in whom plasminogen deficiency was associated with thrombosis and in whom the ratio of functional and immunological values of plasminogen was consistent with type I deficiency. An additional subject with plasminogen deficiency is also described. The three propositi presented with venous thrombotic disease. The fourth subject presented with a thrombotic stroke. Investigation of family members in three of these four cases revealed other subjects who were found to have low levels of plasminogen and who were asymptomatic. The pattern of inheritance appears to be autosomal dominant. In one woman, plasminogen levels were shown to rise to within the normal range during pregnancy and returned to low levels after delivery. A total of eight pregnancies were reviewed in our series and no thrombotic events occurred. PMID- 3219294 TI - The interaction of alpha thalassaemia and sickle cell-beta zero thalassaemia. AB - The effects of alpha thalassaemia on sickle cell-beta zero thalassaemia have been studied by comparing haematological and clinical features in four subjects homozygous for alpha thalassaemia 2 (2-gene group), 27 heterozygotes (3-gene group), and 55 with a normal alpha globin gene complement (4-gene group). Alpha thalassaemia was associated with significantly higher haemoglobin levels and lower reticulocyte counts independent of the presence of splenomegaly. Contrary to expectation, alpha thalassaemia was associated with small but significant increases in mean cell volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Splenomegaly at age 5 years and episodes of acute splenic sequestration were significantly more frequent in the 4-gene group. There were no significant differences in painful crises, acute chest syndrome, or other clinical features. PMID- 3219293 TI - Cefotetan-induced immunologic thrombocytopenia. AB - Profound thrombocytopenia accompanied by a severe coagulopathy developed in an elderly female patient being treated with cefotetan while undergoing surgery for closure of a perforated gastric ulcer. During the acute phase of the bleeding diathesis, the patient had a platelet count of 12 x 10(9)/l, a prothrombin time of 88 s (normal 10.0-11.8 s) and a PTT of 105 s (normal 23.0-37.0 s). Potent IgG cefotetan-dependent anti-platelet antibodies, which also were weakly reactive with ampicillin, were detected in the patient's serum using immunofluorescence and a recently developed protein A-agarose rosette forming assay. Unlike typical cephalosporin- and penicillin-induced antibodies that react with cells pretreated with drug, this antibody only reacted with platelets in the presence of exogenous drug. Failure of the antibody to react with drug-coated platelets suggests the possibility that, in this patient, sensitization to cefotetan involved mechanisms other than formation of typical hapten-carrier complexes normally described for members of the cephalosporin family of antibiotics. This appears to be the first definitive report that cefotetan, or any other cephalosporin derivative, can induce immunologic thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3219295 TI - Rapid and non-radioactive prenatal diagnosis of beta thalassaemia and sickle cell disease: application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). AB - The standard method for the prenatal diagnosis of the haemoglobinopathies is by restriction enzyme mapping of chorionic villus DNA using Southern blotting and radioactively labelled gene probes. An improvement of the procedure which involves the selective amplification of DNA fragments by the polymerase chain reaction allows one to visualize restriction fragments directly without the use of radioactivity and within 2 d after obtaining the sample. We report here the prenatal diagnosis of two pregnancies at risk for homozygous beta thalassaemia and homozygous sickle cell disease using this novel approach. PMID- 3219296 TI - Characterization of a newly discovered alpha-thalassaemia-1 in two Spanish patients with Hb H disease. AB - A new deletion of more than 27 kb, removing the psi zeta 1, psi alpha 2, psi alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 1 and theta 1 globin genes has been found in four members of a Spanish family, including two patients with Hb H disease. The 5' end point of the deletion is located between the zeta and psi zeta genes, and the 3' end of the deletion is downstream of the 3' hypervariable region. PMID- 3219297 TI - Maternal antibodies against fetal blood group antigens A or B: lytic activity of IgG subclasses in monocyte-driven cytotoxicity and correlation with ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn. AB - IgG antibodies against blood group antigens A or B (anti-A/B) are able to sensitize erythrocytes for destruction in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated (ADCC) assay with monocytes as effector cells. The activity of maternal IgG anti A/B in this test was compared with clinical signs of haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). When the ADCC was negative (less than 10% of the sensitized cells lysed), signs of increased red-cell destruction in the children were never observed. In three cases with a strongly positive ADCC (greater than 45% lysis), the children were severely affected and needed more than one exchange transfusion. In the cases with greater than 10% but less than 45% lysis in the ADCC, there was no clear correlation between the result of the ADCC and the degree of lysis in the newborn infants. In these cases, the degree of lysis of the red cells of the infant was shown to be strongly influenced by the number of A/B antigens per red cell. There was a direct correlation between the degree of lysis in the ADCC and the titre of IgG3 anti-A/B in the sera. There was comparable activity of maternal IgG anti-A/B in the ADCC test in the 32nd week of pregnancy and at the moment of delivery. PMID- 3219298 TI - Transient reduction in erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoprotein beta associated with the presence of elliptocytes. AB - Erythrocyte membranes from an anaemic patient receiving gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis had reduced beta-sialoglycoprotein (beta-SGP) content but normal expression of sialoglycoproteins alpha, delta and gamma. Elliptocytes were present in the peripheral blood. The serum of the patient contained anti-beta-SGP which did not appear to bind to her own cells. It reacted with all erythrocytes apart from beta-SGP deficient Leach phenotype cells. The antibody was inhibited by purified beta-SGP from normal red cells, bound to beta-SGP on immunoblots and also reacted with the abnormal beta-related-SGP in erythrocyte membranes of both the Gerbich type and Yus type of Gerbich negative. Two years later the patient was no longer anaemic, no elliptocytes were seen in her peripheral blood film and her erythrocyte membranes had normal beta-SGP content. Antibody was no longer present in her serum and antibody from the earlier sample now reacted with the patient's erythrocytes. Erythrocyte membrane beta-SGP is known to be important in the maintenance of normal cell shape. It is likely that the transient occurrence of elliptocytes in the patient resulted from the concurrent temporary reduction in beta-SGP content of her erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 3219299 TI - Effect of iron on polymorphonuclear granulocyte phagocytic capacity: role of oxidation state and effect of ascorbic acid. AB - It has been shown that iron (III) impairs the function of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). We have studied the effect of iron (II), on the membrane function of PMN, by assessing the uptake of radiolabelled Staphylococcus aureus by these cells. Iron (II), significantly impaired PMN phagocytic function. Addition of ascorbic acid reduced uptake further. Ferrous ascorbate, molar ratio 1:20, impaired phagocytic capacity of PMN significantly at iron concentrations as low as 1-10 microM. The toxic effect of iron (II) was not observed when desferrioxamine or transferrin was present in the incubation medium. The oxygen free radical scavengers thiourea, mannitol and catalase prevented toxicity mediated by ferrous ammoniumsulphate but not by ferrous ascorbate (molar ratio of 1:20). Although high concentrations of ascorbic acid inhibited the generation of .OH and also the formation of the DMPO-.OH adduct by zymosan stimulated PMN, toxicity of iron increased. Iron (II) impaired the uptake of S. aureus by PMN of a patient with chronic granulomatous disease while iron (III) did not. Iron mediated impairment of PMN function is not only a result of the generation of toxic oxygen metabolites but also of direct interaction of iron (II) or an iron (II)-oxygen intermediate with molecules of the cell membrane. PMID- 3219300 TI - B cell all in an anti-HIV positive patient: achievement of a complete response with aggressive chemotherapy. PMID- 3219301 TI - In vitro restoration by lithium of defective chemotaxis in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. PMID- 3219302 TI - Common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in an adult with hypercalcaemia and lytic bone lesions. PMID- 3219303 TI - A rapid DNA method for first-trimester prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 3219304 TI - Relations between liver cadmium, cumulative exposure, and renal function in cadmium alloy workers. AB - Detailed biochemical investigations of renal function were made on 75 male workers exposed to cadmium and an equal number of referents matched for age, sex, and employment status. The exposed group consisted of current and retired workers who had been employed in the manufacture of copper-cadmium alloy at a single factory in the United Kingdom for periods of up to 39 years and for whom cumulative cadmium exposure indices could be calculated. In vivo measurements of liver and kidney cadmium burden were made on exposed and referent workers using a transportable neutron activation analysis facility. Significant increases in the urinary excretion of albumin, retinol binding protein, beta 2 microglobulin, N acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and significant decreases in the renal reabsorption of calcium, urate, and phosphate were found in the exposed group compared with the referent group. Measures of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, and beta 2 microglobulin) indicated a reduction in GFR in the exposed population. Many of these tubular and glomerular function indicators were significantly correlated with both cumulative exposure index and liver cadmium burden. Using cumulative exposure index and liver cadmium as estimates of dose, a two phase linear regression model was applied to identify an inflection point signifying a threshold level above which changes in renal function occur. Many biochemical variables fitted this model; urinary total protein, retinol binding protein, albumin, and beta 2 microglobulin gave similar inflection points at cumulative exposure levels of about 1100 y.micrograms/m3 whereas changes in the tubular reabsorption of urate and phosphate occurred at higher cumulative exposure indices. Measures of GFR, although fitting the threshold model did not give well defined inflection points. Fewer variables fitted the two phase model using liver cadmium; those that did gave threshold levels in the range 20.3-55.1 ppm. When cadmium workers with cumulative exposure indices of less than 1100 y.micrograms/m3 were compared with their respective referents only serum beta 2 microglobulin and urinary NAG were significantly increased in the exposed group and these differences were not related to the degree of cadmium exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3219305 TI - Byssinosis in a textile factory in Cameroon: a preliminary study. AB - To assess the risk of byssinosis in a cotton textile factory in Cameroon a preliminary study was conducted on a random sample of 125 men from production areas and 68 men from non-production areas. Symptoms were assessed by a questionnaire, which also included questions regarding sleep; peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) was measured with a miniature peak flow meter at the end of a working day and total dust concentrations were assessed by static and personal sampling with Casella dust samplers giving values of 6.4 +/- 2.6 mg/m3 (m +/- SD) in production areas and 1.7 +/- 0.7 mg/m3 in control areas. Exposed subjects had significantly more symptoms (particularly in smokers) and lower PEF values than controls (408 +/- 961/min v 468 +/- 701/min, p less than 0.001). Twenty three exposed subjects (18%) reported chest tightness on returning to work after the weekly break (compared with one control, p less than 0.01). Subjects with byssinosis had lower PEF values than those without chest tightness (356 +/- 501/min v 426 +/- 951/min, p less than 0.01), more chronic bronchitis (52% v 6%, p less than 0.001), they were more often smokers (61% v 31%, p less than 0.05), and came generally, though not exclusively, from the opening carding spinning department with the highest concentrations of total dust (8 +/- 2 mg/m3) and an estimated prevalence of byssinosis of 28%. There were no significant differences in sleep related symptoms between the exposed and controls, though the 23 subjects with byssinosis tended to report more snoring (48%), early morning headache (48%), and sleep improvement over the working week (44%) than all the other subjects (28%, 24%, and 24% respectively, p less than 0.1). PMID- 3219306 TI - A survey into the respiratory effects of prolonged exposure to pulverised fuel ash. AB - Previous studies of respiratory disorders in workers exposed to pulverised fuel ash (PFA) have been confined to radiological effects that were found to be minimal. The present survey included 268 men (88% of the defined population) with a history of more than 10 years exposure to PFA in six power stations in the south east of England. Respiratory questionnaires with full occupational histories were obtained from all of these subjects, of whom 207 were actively employed and 61 had retired; 243 had lung function tests and 208 had chest x ray examinations. The men were grouped, using their occupational histories, into high, medium, and low exposure categories. Dust concentrations were obtained by personal sampling on a representative sample of men from the three exposure categories. Lung function tests showed that a modest effect on forced vital capacity, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, peak flow, and gas transfer (DCO) was associated with prolonged heavy exposure to PFA. The men with prolonged heavy exposure also showed higher prevalences of respiratory symptoms. No definite relation between exposure and x ray changes was established. The results of this cross sectional survey indicate that exposures to PFA should not exceed the limits recommended by the Health and Safety Executive for low toxicity dusts. PMID- 3219307 TI - Serum type III procollagen peptide in asbestos workers: an early indicator of pulmonary fibrosis. AB - Serum type III procollagen peptide (PIIIP) concentrations were determined in 36 male workers exposed to asbestos fibres in the production of asbestos cement items and in 13 healthy male controls. Mean (SD) PIIIP serum concentrations were 9.3 (1.5) ng/ml (range 7-12) in the controls and 13.7 (3.5)ng/ml (range 7.5-20) in the asbestos workers; the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The exposed workers were subdivided according to presence or absence of radiological signs of asbestosis and intensity and duration of exposure. PIIIP serum values of workers with asbestos related interstitial fibrosis were the highest of the groups at 14.6 (2.3) ng/ml. In workers with heavy exposure the PIIIP values were significantly related to duration of exposure (r = 0.95; p less than 0.01). PIIIP serum values may be a useful index for the early diagnosis of asbestos induced pulmonary fibrosis and its use should be considered as part of the biological monitoring of exposed workers. PMID- 3219308 TI - Non-occupational asbestos related chest diseases in a small Anatolian village. PMID- 3219309 TI - Environmental factors in childhood leukaemia. PMID- 3219310 TI - Determinants of chronic bronchitis and lung dysfunction in Western Australian gold miners. PMID- 3219311 TI - Vitamin A reserve of liver in health and coronary heart disease among ethnic groups in Singapore. AB - 1. The vitamin A content of human liver tissue was determined in 363 autopsy samples. The sample comprised a total of 181 subjects dying after accidents and 182 dying from coronary heart disease among Singapore ethnic groups of both sexes. 2. The medium vitamin A reserve was 146 mg/kg in accident victims and 141 mg/kg in those who had died of coronary heart disease. Of all the samples 16% contained less than 40 mg/kg, 45% had 100-300 mg/kg, while 9% contained more than 500 mg/kg liver. 3. Among the accident victims, Indians had the lowest median liver vitamin A reserve (118 mg/kg) compared with that in other ethnic groups (137 mg/kg in Chinese, 191 mg/kg in Malays, 155 mg/kg in Caucasians). 4. The ethnic distribution of vitamin A reserve in coronary deaths was similar to that in accident victims. 5. There was no significant difference between the sexes in hepatic vitamin A reserve. 6. The distribution of vitamin A reserve in all the groups was skewed to the right. PMID- 3219312 TI - Trace nutrients. 5. Minerals and vitamins in the British household food supply. AB - 1. The amounts of magnesium, copper, zinc, phosphorus, manganese, potassium, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin E and dietary fibre in the British household diet were calculated by applying appropriate values from recent analytical studies to the amounts of foods recorded in the National Food Survey during 1986. 2. National average intakes were (mg/person per d): Mg 247, Cu 1.25, Zn 9.0, P 1249, Mn 3.43, K 2694, vitamin B6 1.73, vitamin B12 6.33 micrograms, folate 230 micrograms, pantothenic acid 6.07, biotin 35 micrograms, vitamin E 8.4. Regional and income-group differences were estimated, and found to be small. Additional contributions from alcoholic drinks and confectionery were also determined. 3. Dietary fibre was estimated both as unavailable carbohydrate and as non-starch polysaccharide. The national average intakes were 21.8 and 12.9 g/d respectively. 4. Intakes were compared with Canadian (Department of National Health and Welfare, 1983) and American (National Research Council, 1980) recommended dietary allowances (RDAs). With the exception of biotin, the Canadian RDAs were met by the household diet but the much higher American RDAs were only met for vitamin B12 and pantothenic acid. PMID- 3219313 TI - The effect of the preceding day's protein intake on basal metabolic rates in young adults. AB - 1. Changes in basal metabolic rates (BMR), following alterations in the preceding day's dietary protein (8.6, 11.5 and 14.0% of energy) were studied in eight, young, healthy adults over 4 d. 2. Results showed a significant training effect, with BMR values 4.8% lower on day 4 of the study period. Analysis of the results by ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between subjects and diets (P less than 0.005), a significant difference between subjects but no differences in BMR due to the protein content of the diets. 3. Mean coefficient of variation (CV) for intra- and inter-individual differences in BMR from day-to-day was of the order of 4 and 9% respectively. 4. Changes in protein content of the preceding day's diet do not influence variations in BMR which appear to be random in nature with a true CV of 3.8%. PMID- 3219314 TI - Food intake and work allocation of male and female farmers in an impoverished Indian village. AB - 1. The energy balance and activity allocation of eight male and eight female Indian farmers were measured for 4 d during 10 months in both the dry and wet seasons of 1983. 2. All food prepared and eaten was weighed and nutrient values were calculated from food composition tables. 3. Average energy costs per unit mass for fifteen tasks were estimated from data obtained using a Kofranyi Michaelis respirometer. Each subject was observed from 05.00 to 20.00 hours and activities were recorded for each minute. The remaining activity was determined by recall. 4. Activity allocation was categorized qualitatively into time spent on economically productive work, free time and body maintenance. 5. The mean weight for male subjects was 48.2 kg; the average female weight was only 36.9 kg. The mean height for male and female subjects was 1.61 m and 1.49 m respectively. 6. For male subjects, the daily mean energy intake of 9.81 MJ (2350 kcal) was close to the calculated energy output of 9.54 MJ (2285 kcal). 7. The women's calculated daily expenditure of 8.22 MJ (1968 kcal) was slightly higher than their mean energy intake of 7.73 MJ (1852 kcal). 8. Although intake and output varied in relation to sex, weight and wealth the mean intake per kg body mass was equal for both males and females at 210 kJ (50 kcal) per kg. This is close to the minimum requirement for active Third World farmers. 9. The women spent significantly more time on economically productive work activities than the men (11.1 v. 8.1 h/d). Although female energy intake was 27% less than males, their productive work time was 27% higher. PMID- 3219316 TI - Nitrogen balance study in young Nigerian adult males using four levels of protein intake. AB - 1. The present study was carried out to estimate precisely, via the nitrogen balance technique, the protein requirement of Nigerians (earlier estimated via the obligatory N method) using graded levels of protein intake. 2. Fifteen medical students of the University of Ibadan who volunteered to participate in the study were given graded levels of protein (0.3, 0.45, 0.6 and 0.75 g/kg body weight per d) derived from foods similar to those usually consumed by the subjects. 3. Each subject was given each of the dietary protein levels for a period of 10 d. Subjects were divided into two groups and the feeding pattern followed a criss-cross design with one group starting with the highest level of protein intake (0.3 g). Mean energy intake during each of the eleven experimental periods was maintained at 0.2 MJ/kg per d. After an initial 5 d adaptation period in each experimental period, 24 h urine and faecal samples were collected in marked containers for five consecutive days for N determination. 4. Mean N balance during consumption of the four protein levels (0.30, 0.45, 0.6 and 0.75 g/kg) were -11.02 (SD 8.07), -9.90 (SD 6.64), +9.70 (SD 4.15) and +5.13 (SD 4.62) respectively. Using regression analysis, the mean daily N requirement was estimated at 110.25 mg N/kg body-weight (0.69 g protein/kg body-weight). Estimates of allowances for individual variations to cover 97.5% of the population adjusted this value to 0.75 g protein/kg body-weight. Net protein utilization for the diet at maintenance level was estimated at 57.5. PMID- 3219315 TI - The effect of meal composition on the degree of satiation following a test meal and possible mechanisms involved. AB - 1. Possible links between metabolism and satiation were investigated using volunteer subjects given test meals based on milk solids. Satisfaction was rated by the subjects on a six-point scale and the course of metabolism was followed by measurement of the respiratory quotient (RQ). 2. The time-course of satiation was the same for a high-carbohydrate, a high-fat and a high-protein meal, in spite of the very different time-course of metabolism. The degree of satiation was reduced by added sodium chloride, without affecting the RQ rise. On the other hand, calcium chloride produced a suppression of the RQ rise without altering the satiation. 3. It is proposed that the results indicate that the primary receptors responsible for post-prandial satiation lie within the gut wall and that there is probably a number of receptor types. Likely candidates for these receptors are the gut hormone-secreting cells. 4. Although very-low-protein meals produce less satiation than meals containing 220 g protein/kg dry weight, there is no additional satiation obtained by increasing the protein level further. This is not inconsistent with the possibility of a protein hunger separate from an energy hunger. PMID- 3219317 TI - Long-term evaluation of the adequacy of habitual diets to provide protein needs of adult Nigerian men. AB - 1. A continuous 40 d metabolic nitrogen balance study was conducted on twelve young men aged 25 (SD 2.6) years to evaluate the adequacy of a previously determined safe level of protein intake. 2. Subjects were fed on diets which they were habitually accustomed to and which provided a protein level of 0.75 g protein (N x 6.25)/kg body-weight per d as the safe level and an energy intake level of 0.2 MJ/kg body-weight per d. N balances, including an estimate for integumental losses as well as certain biochemical variables, were determined for the last 5 d of two consecutive 20 d diet periods. 3. Only two of the twelve subjects were observed to be in negative N balance the final 5 d of the 40 d period. N balance was generally positive at 8.24 (SD 8.61) mg N/kg body-weight, thus confirming the adequacy of 0.75 g protein/kg body-weight per d as a safe level of protein intake in the majority of the subjects. PMID- 3219318 TI - The relation between bacterial degradation of viscous polysaccharides and stool output in human beings. AB - 1. The relation between bacterial degradation of three viscous polysaccharides (guar gum, ispaghula and xanthan gum) by colonic bacteria in vitro and their effects on colonic function were investigated by comparing the results of anaerobic in vitro incubations with fresh faeces from seven healthy volunteers (measuring viscosity, pH and gas production) with the effects of feeding all three polysaccharides to the same volunteers for 1 week each (14-15 g/d) on faecal mass and whole-gut transit time. 2. Guar gum was rapidly fermented in vitro by faecal bacteria from all volunteers with concomitant loss of viscosity, reduction in pH and generation of gases. Ispaghula maintained its viscosity during incubation, but the pH fell significantly. The results of xanthan gum incubations showed considerable individual variation. 3. Only ispaghula significantly increased faecal mass, whilst none of the gums significantly affected stool frequency or transit time. Statistical analysis of the pooled results showed that although transit time and faecal output were inversely related, feeding viscous polysaccharides could influence these indices independently. Stool frequency was significantly correlated with the transit time, but not the faecal output. 4. Transit time was reduced by gum feeding to a significantly greater extent in those subjects whose faecal bacteria reduced or removed the viscosity of that gum, than in those subjects where the viscosity was maintained. In contrast, there was a smaller increase in faecal mass when the viscosity of the appropriate cultures was removed than when it was maintained or reduced. Increases in stool frequency were significantly associated with hydrogen production from in vitro cultures. PMID- 3219320 TI - Growth, ascorbic acid and iron contents of tissues of young guinea-pigs whose dams received high or low levels of dietary ascorbic acid or Fe during pregnancy and suckling. AB - 1. Guinea-pig dams were fed on purified diets containing high (5 g/kg diet plus 1 g/l drinking water) or moderate (0.5 g/kg diet) levels of ascorbic acid, in combination with high (1 g/kg diet) or moderate (0.043 g/kg diet) levels of iron, during pregnancy and suckling. Their offsprings' diets contained 0.1 g ascorbic acid/kg and 0.04 g Fe/kg. 2. High ascorbic acid intake clearly enhanced both tissue ascorbate and Fe storage in the dams, and high Fe intake increased both the dams' and the pups' tissue Fe stores. 3. In the animals receiving high Fe intake, a co-existing high ascorbate intake by the dams reduced the growth rate of the offspring, but only during the early stages of development, not during the later stages of post-weaning growth. All the pups' tissue ascorbate levels fell after weaning, but those born of the dams receiving the high ascorbic acid diets did not fall to levels lower than those of the other pups. 4. Thus, although certain disadvantages to the offspring resulting from very-high ascorbic acid intake by pregnant guinea-pig dams were detected, these did not include permanently increased ascorbate requirements, and hence a progression to scurvy as the pups grew and matured. PMID- 3219319 TI - Impact of maternal iron deficiency on quality and quantity of milk ingested by neonatal rats. AB - 1. The effect of maternal iron deficiency on milk composition and consumption by sucking rats was investigated. 2. Dams (n 42) were fed on semi-purified diets with either 8 (Fe-) or 250 (Fe+) mg Fe as ferrous sulphate/kg throughout gestation and lactation. Total milk intake was determined at days 7, 12 and 17 of lactation from the rate of disappearance of 3H2O from the total body water pool of pups. Measurements of milk constituents and Fe status of animals also were made. 3. Feeding the Fe- diet led to the development of anaemia in dams and pups and to growth retardation of sucking pups. 4. Concentrations of total lipid and Fe in milk from Fe- dams were significantly lower than those from Fe+ dams. Mean milk intakes (ml/d) of Fe-deficient pups were 21 and 28% less than intakes of Fe sufficient pups on days 12 and 17 respectively. However, when expressed per kg body-weight, mean milk intakes were similar between groups on days 17 and 12 and increased by 47% in the Fe-deficient group on day 17 of lactation. 5. It is concluded that maternal Fe deficiency affects the quality of milk ingested by neonatal rats. However, Fe-deficient pups are at least partially able to compensate for reduced milk energy and nutrient contents by increasing intake in late lactation. PMID- 3219321 TI - Effect of reduced dietary zinc intake on carbohydrate and Zn metabolism in the genetically diabetic mouse (C57BL/KsJ db+/db+). AB - 1. Male, 4-5-week-old, genetically diabetic mice (C57BL/KsJ db/db) and non diabetic heterozygote littermates (C57BL/KsJ db/+) were fed on a diet containing 1 mg zinc/kg (low-Zn groups) or 54 mg Zn/kg (control groups) for 27 d. Food intakes and body-weight gain were recorded regularly. On day 28, after an overnight fast, animals were killed and blood glucose and insulin concentrations, liver glycogen, and femur and pancreatic Zn concentrations were determined. 2. The consumption of the low-Zn diet had only a minimal effect on the Zn status of the mice as indicated by growth rate, food intake and femur and pancreatic Zn concentrations. In fact, diabetic mice fed on the low-Zn diet had a higher total food intake than those fed on the control diet. The low-Zn diabetic mice had higher fasting blood glucose and liver glycogen levels than their control counterparts. Fasting blood insulin concentration was unaffected by dietary regimen. 3. A second experiment was performed in which the rate of loss of 65Zn, injected subcutaneously, was measured by whole-body counting in the two mouse genotypes over a 28 d period, from 4 to 5 weeks of age. The influence of feeding low-Zn or control diets was also examined. At the end of the study femur and pancreatic Zn and non-fasting blood glucose levels were determined. 4. All mice fed on the low-Zn diet showed a marked reduction in whole-body 65Zn loss compared with those animals fed on the control diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219322 TI - Partition of portal-drained visceral net flux in beef steers. 1. Blood flow and net flux of oxygen, glucose and nitrogenous compounds across stomach and post stomach tissues. AB - 1. Blood from chronic indwelling catheters in the caudal aorta and anterior mesenteric, gastrosplenic and hepatic portal veins was used to measure blood flow and net flux of oxygen, glucose and nitrogenous compounds across hepatic portal drained viscera (PDV), post-stomach (anterior mesenteric-drained viscera (MDV] and stomach tissues of two beef steers (390 kg mean live weight). 2. Steers were fed in sequence on (1) chopped lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (twelve meals/d), (2) chopped lucerne hay (two meals/d) and (3) a pelleted concentrate diet containing 780 g ground maize/kg (two meals/d). The lucerne hay and concentrate contained 26.5 and 16.8 g nitrogen/kg respectively. 3. Five measurements of net flux (blood flow multiplied by venous-arterial concentration differences (VA] were obtained hourly on 2 d for each dietary regimen, beginning 0.5 h before feeding at 08.00 hours. Blood flow was measured by downstream dilution of p aminohippurate (PAH). 4. Blood flow across MDV averaged 42% of PDV blood flow (665 litres/h). 5. Net use of O2 across MDV accounted for 51% of net PDV use of O2 (920 mmol/h). This disproportionate use of O2 in relation to blood flow was due to greater VA for O2 across MDV than across stomach tissues. Dietary regimen had no effect on the proportions of PDV blood flow and net O2 consumption attributable to MDV or stomach tissues. 6. When lucerne was given, net glucose use across MDV represented 69% of PDV use (35 mmol/h). When concentrate was given, MDV glucose use switched to net absorption (29 mmol/h), reducing net PDV glucose use to 1 mmol/h. 7. When concentrate was given, net MDV absorption of alpha-amino-N (AAN) increased from 98 to 190 mmol/h, yet net PDV absorption (101 mmol/h) was not affected. Net stomach AAN flux increased from -7 to -69 mmol/h when concentrate was given, negating the increase in net MDV absorption. 8. Net absorption of ammonia-N across MDV represented 28 and 52% of net PDV absorption when lucerne and concentrate were given respectively. Net NH3-N absorption across PDV was lower when lucerne was given than when concentrate was given (295 v. 154 mmol/h), reflecting lower dietary N intake (153 v. 83 g/d). Net MDV absorption of NH3-N was not affected by diet. Net removal of blood urea-N (BUN) across PDV (101 mmol/h) was not affected by diet. Across MDV, BUN removal was lower when concentrate was given than when lucerne was given (32 v. 77 mmol/h).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3219323 TI - Partition of portal-drained visceral net flux in beef steers. 2. Net flux of volatile fatty acids, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and L-lactate across stomach and post-stomach tissues. AB - 1. Net flux of volatile fatty acids (VFA), D-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) and L lactate across post-stomach (anterior mesenteric-drained viscera (MDV], stomach and total hepatic portal-drained viscera (PDV) tissues was measured in two beef steers (mean live weight 390 kg). 2. Net flux was measured while steers were fed, in sequence, on (1) chopped lucerne (Medicato sativa) (twelve meals/d), (2) chopped lucerne (two meals/d) and (3) a pelleted concentrate diet containing 780 g ground maize/kg (two meals/d). 3. Five hourly net flux measurements were obtained on 2 d for each dietary regimen, beginning 0.5 h before a meal delivered at 08.00 hours. Net flux was calculated as venous-arterial concentration differences (VA) multiplied by blood flow (measured by downstream dilution of p aminohippurate (PAH]. 4. Stomach tissues accounted for 85 to over 100% of net VFA and BOHB appearance across PDV. Net appearance across stomach tissues represented 74% of net PDV L-lactate appearance. 5. When lucerne was given, there was net utilization of arterial acetate and BOHB across MDV. This MDV utilization may reflect acetate and BOHB use as an energy source or their incorporation into mesenteric fat. 6. When concentrate was given, more n-butyrate and n-valerate and less L-lactate appeared across PDV and less 3-methylbutyrate appeared across stomach tissues than when lucerne was given. Postprandial increases in VFA, BOHB and L-lactate net flux across PDV followed meal-feeding of lucerne. 7. On a net basis, the relative contribution of MDV tissues of total PDV net appearance of VFA and BOHB was small (less than 15%) in these steers. PMID- 3219324 TI - The effects of dietary fat content on the growth and body composition of lean and genetically obese Zucker rats adrenalectomized before weaning. AB - 1. Lean (Fa/-) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were adrenalectomized or sham operated at 18 d of age (3 d before weaning). After weaning the rats were fed ad lib. on semi-synthetic diets containing either a low (8 g/kg) or a high (178 g/kg) proportion of fat. Other groups of sham-operated rats were given the same amount eaten by adrenalectomized animals (restricted intake). Rats were killed at 40 d of age. 2. Adrenalectomy reduced the body lipid content of lean and obese rats compared with intact animals fed ad lib. or given a restricted intake. Adrenalectomized obese rats contained more body lipid than intact or adrenalectomized lean rats. 3. Sham-operated obese rats given a restricted intake had less body protein than similarly treated lean animals and this phenotypic difference was abolished by adrenalectomy. 4. There were no effects of diet on growth or body composition of intact or adrenalectomized rats. 5. It is concluded that preweaning adrenalectomy prevented development of the obese phenotype when rats were fed on either diet. Comparison of these results with a previous study, in which adrenalectomized Zucker rats were fed on a stock diet (Fletcher, 1986b), showed, however, that feeding either of the semi-synthetic diets caused greater deposition of body lipid in obese rats. PMID- 3219325 TI - Compartment models for estimating attributes of digesta flow in cattle. AB - 1. The basic assumptions involved in one- and two-compartment models with age independent distributed residence times (exponential, G1) for describing digesta flow are reviewed as the bases for describing families of one- and two compartment models which assume age-dependent distributions (Gn) of residence times. 2. The two-compartment, age-independent model with exponentially distributed residence times (G1G1) yielded estimates of essentially equal rate parameters when fitted to faecal values for all four cows receiving a diet of 500 g coarsely chopped, sodium hydroxide-treated straw/kg and one of four cows receiving the same diet but with ground and pelleted straw. The incorporation of progressively higher orders of age dependency (G2-G6, Gn) into the faster turnover compartment of two-compartment models (GnG1) resulted in a resolution of equal rate parameters estimated by the G1G1 model and a reduction in standard errors for the rate and the initial concentration parameters. 3. The occurrence of equal rate parameters in two-compartment models indicated an age-dependent process; a process which could equally well be described by a one-compartment, age-dependent compartment having an order of age dependency equal to the sum of these orders in the two-compartment model with equal rate parameters. 4. The age independent models overestimated time of first appearance in the faeces of a meal's particles. The association of age dependency with the faster turnover compartment resulted in earlier estimates for first appearance of the marked particles; estimates which were more consistent with observed first appearance. 5. The faecal excretion pattern from cows fed on the ground and pelleted straw diet exhibited an age-independent distribution of longer residence times which dominated approximately 80% of the later residence times. Age-dependent, one compartment models gave a poor fit to such data from these cows fed on ground and pelleted straw. In contrast, age-dependent, one-compartment models provided an excellent fit to data from cows fed on chopped straw; data which indicated that age-independent distributions of residence times were much delayed in appearing or were totally absent. 6. The mean residence time for the slower turnover, age independent compartment estimated from faecal excretional of stained particles from either diet was similar to that estimated from duodenal concentrations of the stained particles. This suggests that the slower turnover model compartment was confined to preduodenal sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219326 TI - Influence of starches of low digestibility on the rat caecal microflora. AB - 1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on either a purified, fibre-free diet or a diet in which half the maize starch was replaced with uncooked amylomaize or potato starch (equivalent to 100 or 200 g amylase-resistant starch (ARS)/kg diet respectively). Changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH, ammonia and a number of bacterial variables in caecal contents were then assessed. 2. Both ARS supplements decreased caecal content pH by approximately 1-2 units, with an associated reduction in ammonia concentration. Potato starch significantly decreased the concentration of SCFA in the hindgut, while amylomaize supplementation increased propionic and butyric acids but decreased the occurrence of minor, branched-chain fatty acids. 3. Caecal bacterial biotransformation activities (beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), reduction of p-nitrobenzoic acid, apparent ammonia formation) were consistently decreased by both ARS sources. 4. The results demonstrate that amylase-resistant carbohydrate altered toxicologically important functions in the large-intestinal flora of the rat. PMID- 3219327 TI - Importance of body tissues as sources of nutrients for milk synthesis in the cow, using 13C as a marker. AB - 1. The proportions of carbon in individual milk constituents derived from feed and body tissues in dairy cows, were estimated by taking advantage of the natural variations which occur in the ratio, 13C:12C present in C3- and C4-plant species. 2. Four cows, which had previously grazed C3 plants (ryegrass (Lolium spp.) and white clover (Trifolium repens)), were accustomed to indoor feeding on a ration of C3-plant material (cut pastures and barley meal). The ration was then changed abruptly to one of C4-plant material (paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum) hay, maize silage and meal) for a period of 8 or 9 d in early and again in late lactation. 3. During early lactation it was estimated that 54% of the C in milk fat was derived from the body fat reserves of high genetic merit cows. Corresponding values for casein and lactose were 34 and 24% respectively, if it is assumed they were derived from body protein reserves. In contrast steam-volatile fatty acids in milk fat were almost entirely derived from dietary sources. 4. The proportional contribution of body-tissue C to individual milk constituents varied considerably between animals, possibly associated with genetic merit or the size of the body reserves available for mobilization. 5. In late lactation, when cows were close to energy and protein balance, contributions of body-tissue C to milk fat, casein and lactose ranged up to 19, 19 and 8% respectively. 6. Estimates of endogenous losses of C in faeces averaged 12 and 9% in early and late lactation respectively, and corresponding values for endogenous urinary C were 23 and 15%. PMID- 3219328 TI - Relations between plasma non-esterified fatty acid metabolism and body tissue mobilization during chronic undernutrition in goats. AB - 1. Eleven mature goats were offered 140 kJ metabolizable energy/kg per d (M) of lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay-oaten grain (1:1, w/w) for at least 1 month before plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) kinetics and tritiated water space (TS) were determined. 2. Goats were then fed at M, 0.5 M or 0.25 M for 34 (SE 6) d, at which time the experimental procedures were repeated. 3. Chronic undernutrition resulted in elevated NEFA concentrations and NEFA entry rate, with a tendency for the ratio plasma NEFA:glycerol to increase, suggesting that body-fat mobilization during prolonged underfeeding is due more to decreased lipogenesis and intracellular NEFA re-esterification rather than to increased lipolysis. 4. Plasma NEFA concentrations and NEFA entry rate, as well as being highly correlated with each other, were significantly related to calculated energy balance and body fat losses estimated from changes in live weight and TS. 5. Increases in NEFA entry rate were highly correlated with, and of the same magnitude as, body fat losses, confirming that NEFA kinetics do quantitatively reflect lipid mobilization. PMID- 3219329 TI - Circadian variation in abomasal digesta flow in grazing ewes during lactation. AB - 1. Lactating grazing ewes, fistulated at the rumen and abomasum were either not supplemented or offered, individually, 600 g/d of either pelleted, molassed sugar beet pulp ('energy' supplement) or a pelleted 1:1 (w/w) mixture of this feed and formaldehyde-treated soya-bean meal ('protein' supplement). Digesta flows at the abomasum were estimated from the concentrations of the markers CrEDTA and ruthenium phenanthroline complex, during their administration by continuous intra rumen infusion. Digesta samples were taken at 09.00 hours and at six further times at 4 h intervals. This was repeated 2 d later. 2. No significant difference in flow between days was noted. Daily flows of dry matter (DM) and non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN) (g/d) in supplemented ewes were significantly higher than in unsupplemented ewes, both in total digesta and its particulate phase. However, there were significant differences between sampling times or significant interactions between sampling time and supplement treatment. The results were therefore examined by Fourier analysis for possible circadian variation in digesta flow. As there was marked between-animal variability in flow-rate, the digesta-flow values for each sampling time were re-expressed as percentages of the flows calculated from daily mean marker concentrations. 3. In unsupplemented animals, marked and significant circadian variation was then identified in the flow of DM, total N and NAN in both whole digesta and the particulate phase. There was also significant circadian variation in the flow of DM, total N and NAN in the digesta of the supplemented ewes. Curves were of the same general shape as those for unsupplemented animals, but some significant differences were found, principally for digesta NAN flow. In both supplemented and unsupplemented animals, peak flows occurred in the period 20.00-01.00 hours. The proportion of DM and NAN flowing in the particulate phase was relatively constant through the day for unsupplemented ewes, but significant circadian variation occurred for supplemented ewes. 4. The possible mechanisms generating the circadian variation in digesta flow, such as grazing behaviour and the rumen digestion of supplements, are discussed. Values are also presented to indicate the extent of the likely errors if digesta flows were estimated from samples which did not represent all stages of the circadian pattern. PMID- 3219331 TI - Passage of indigestible particles of various specific gravities in sheep and goats. AB - 1. Eight kinds of indigestible particles with specific gravities (SG) ranging from 0.92 to 1.87 (2 mm diameter and 4 mm length) were injected into the reticulo rumen of sheep and goats in order to investigate the relation between SG and passage through the gastrointestinal tract, and the difference in passage time in the two species of animals. 2. The percentage of excreted particles significantly increased, while the percentage of ruminated particles in the excreted particles significantly decreased, as the SG increased. 3. The daily and cumulative recovery rates of particles of SG 1.38 were slower in sheep than in goats, while those with SG 0.92 were not different between species. 4. It is concluded that particles with SG higher than 1.27 would pass through the gastrointestinal tract of sheep and goats more quickly than those with SG lower than 1.21. PMID- 3219330 TI - The degradation of different protein supplements in the rumen of steers and the effects of these supplements on carbohydrate digestion. AB - 1. Four steers with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given diets consisting of ground and pelleted alkali-treated straw, rolled barley and tapioca supplemented with urea (diet U) or containing single-cell protein (diet SCP), maize-gluten meal (diet MGM) or rapeseed meal (diet RSM) in place of some of the tapioca. The isoenergetic diets were given in a 4 x 4 Latin square design in eight feeds/d at 3-h intervals and provided sufficient metabolizable energy to support a growth rate of approximately 0.5 kg/d. Chromic oxide and polyethylene glycol were given as markers and appropriate samples taken from the rumen and abomasum. Flows (g/d) at the abomasum of organic matter and nitrogenous and carbohydrate constituents were calculated. 2. Rumen ammonia levels were similar with all three protein supplements at about 9 mmol/l, which was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than that in animals on diet U (16 mmol/l). Rumen liquid outflow rates (/h) were 0.099, 0.139, 0.125 and 0.160 for diets U, SCP, MGM and RSM respectively; the difference between diet U and diet RSM was significant (P less than 0.05). Corresponding values for Cr2O3 outflow rates were 0.027, 0.032, 0.027 and 0.030/h respectively, which did not differ significantly from each other. 3. RNA, 35S and diaminopimelic acid (DAP) were used as microbial markers. Efficiencies of microbial-N (MN) synthesis, expressed as g MN/kg apparently digestible organic matter, truly digestible organic matter or carbohydrate fermented, were generally not significantly affected by the diet and averaged 29, 22 and 29 respectively based on mean RNA and 35S markers. Corresponding values derived from DAP of 22, 16 and 21 g MN/kg respectively were all significantly (P less than 0.001) lower. Using 35S as microbial marker, MN flows at the abomasum as a proportion of non-ammonia-nitrogen flow were 0.78, 0.64, 0.51 and 0.78 for diets U, SCP, MGM and RSM respectively. Derived true rumen degradability values (g/g intake) of the total dietary N were 0.91, 0.79, 0.69 and 0.90 for diets U, SCP, MGM and RSM respectively. Protein supplement degradabilities for single-cell protein, maize-gluten meal and rapeseed meal were 0.73, 0.51 and 0.98 respectively. 4. Mouth-to-abomasum digestibility coefficients of the main neutral sugar components of dietary polysaccharides were 0.68, 0.63 and 0.61 for arabinose, xylose and cellulose-glucose on diet U.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3219332 TI - Properties of the binding sites for the sn-1 and sn-2 acyl chains on the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein from bovine brain. AB - We have studied the properties of the fatty acyl binding sites of the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PI-TP) from bovine brain, by measuring the binding and transfer of pyrenylacyl-containing phosphatidylinositol (PyrPI) species and pyrenylacyl-containing phosphatidylcholine (PyrPC) species as a function of the acyl chain length. The PyrPI species carried a pyrene-labeled acyl chain of variable length in the sn-2 position and either palmitic acid [C(16)], palmitoleic acid [C(16:1)], or stearic acid [C(18:1)] in the sn-1 position. Binding and transfer of the PI species increased in the order C(18) less than C(16) less than C(16:1), with a distinct preference for those species that carry a pyrenyloctanoyl [Pyr(8)] or a pyrenyldecanoyl [Pyr(10)] chain. The PyrPC species studied consisted of two sets of positional isomers: one set contained a pyrenylacyl chain of variable length and a C(16) chain, and the other set contained an unlabeled chain of variable length and a Pyr(10) chain. The binding and transfer experiments showed that PI-TP discriminates between positional isomers with a preference for the species with a pyrenylacyl chain in the sn-1 position. This discrimination is interpreted to indicate that separate binding sites exist for the sn-1 and sn-2 acyl chains. From the binding and transfer profiles it is apparent that the binding sites differ in their preference for a particular acyl chain length. The binding and transfer vs chain length profiles were quite similar for C(16)Pyr(x)PC and C(16)Pyr(x)PI species, suggesting that the sn-2 acyl chains of PI and PC share a common binding site in PI-TP. PMID- 3219333 TI - Spectroscopic and functional characterization of an environmentally sensitive fluorescent actin conjugate. AB - Rabbit skeletal muscle F-actin has been selectively labeled at a cysteine residue with the environmentally sensitive fluorophore 6-acryloyl-2 (dimethylamino)naphthalene. The fluorescent actin conjugate behaves similarly to native actin with respect to the polymerization kinetics, critical monomer concentration, and ability to form F-actin paracrystals. Upon polymerization to F actin, the absorption of the actin conjugate is red-shifted, whereas the fluorescence emission is blue-shifted 740 wavenumbers and is accompanied by a decrease in the fluorescence bandwidth of 470 wavenumbers. These large shifts in the spectral properties of 6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene (Prodan) in actin provide a simple method for obtaining a spectral discrimination between the G- and F-actin populations during the polymerization reaction. Steady-state fluorescence techniques were used to study the environment of the fluorophore in the monomeric and polymeric forms of actin. Fluorescence emission spectral analysis and quenching and polarization studies of G-actin-Prodan indicated that the fluorophore lies immobile on the protein surface but with one of its faces in full contact with the solvent. In F-actin, the fluorophore has a limited exposure to the solvent and is located in a dielectric environment similar to those seen for Prodan in polar, aprotic solvents or buried within a protein matrix [Macgregor, R. B., Jr., & Weber, G. (1986) Nature (London) 318, 70-73]. Additionally, our results demonstrate that the Prodan molecule conjugated to F actin is completely immobile during its fluorescence lifetime, exhibits an increase in the resonance energy transfer (RET) from tryptophan residues compared to that observed in G-actin, and shows evidence of homologous RET within the polymer. PMID- 3219334 TI - Study of the effect of poly(L-lysine) on phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidic acid bilayers by raman spectroscopy. AB - The effect of polylysine (PLL) on dimyristoylphosphatidic acid (DMPA), on dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), and on mixtures of these lipids was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. These results show that long polylysine (Mr approximately 200,000) increases the stability of the acyl chain matrix of DMPA to form a more closely packed structure with a stoichiometry of one lysine residue per PA molecule. On the other hand, short PLL (Mr 4000) destabilizes the PA bilayer, and the complex formed undergoes a gel to liquid-crystalline transition at a lower temperature than of the pure lipid. For both cases, we have observed that bound polylysine adopts a beta-sheet conformation as opposed to the alpha-helical structure previously found for dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol/long PLL complexes [Carrier, D., & Pezolet, M. (1984) Biophys. J. 46, 497-506]. The difference in the thermal behavior of complexes of DMPA with long and short polylysines is believed to be associated with the fact that in the complex the long polypeptide adopts the beta-sheet conformation over the whole range of temperatures investigated while the short one undergoes a change of conformation from beta-sheet of random coil upon heating. Therefore, the conformation of the lipid-bound polypeptides depends on the nature of the polar head group of the lipid, not only on its net charge, and it affects considerably the thermotropism of the lipid. On the other hand, both long and short polylysines show no affinity for phosphatidylcholine since the temperature profiles of DMPC and of DMPC/PLL complexes exhibit exactly the same behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219335 TI - Binding of amphiphilic peptides to a carboxy-terminal tryptic fragment of calmodulin. AB - Calmodulin (CaM) fragments 1-77 (CaM 1-77) and 78-148 (CaM 78-148) were prepared by tryptic cleavage of CaM. CaM 78-148 exhibited Ca2+-dependent binding to mastoparan X, Polistes mastoparan, and melittin with apparent dissociation constants less than 0.2 microM as judged from changes in the fluorescence spectrum and anisotropy of the single tryptophan residue of each of these cationic, amphiphilic peptides. This interaction was accompanied by a large spectral blue shift of the peptide fluorescence spectrum. These findings are consistent with earlier results [Malencik, D.A., & Anderson, S.R. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 2420-2428] on the binding of mastoparan X to CaM fragment 72 148. The binding of the peptide to CaM 78-148 also caused a significant loss of the accessibility of the peptide tryptophan to the fluorescence quencher acrylamide. The CaM 78-148 induced effects on the fluorescence spectra and tryptophan accessibility of the peptides were most pronounced for mastoparan X, a peptide with tryptophan on the apolar face of the putative amphiphilic helix. The data were comparable with results from parallel experiments on the Ca2+-dependent interaction of these peptides with intact CaM. Difference circular dichroic spectra suggested that binding to CaM 78-148 was associated with the induction of considerable degrees of helicity in the amphiphilic peptides, which by themselves have predominantly random coil structures in aqueous solution. This finding is also reminiscent of the interaction of these peptides with intact CaM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219336 TI - Affinity labels for the anion-binding site in ovotransferrin. AB - Bromopyruvate, a known alkylating agent, has previously been reported to function as an affinity label for the anion-binding site in the iron-binding protein ovotransferrin [Patch, M.G., & Carrano, C. J. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 700, 217-220]. However, the present results indicate that hydroxypyruvate also functions in an almost identical manner, which implies that alkylation of a susceptible nucleophile cannot be the mechanism responsible for the covalent attachment of the anion. Model complexes and amino acid analysis of labeled ovotransferrin suggest that initial Schiff base formation, followed by reduction of the imine bond between the affinity anion and a lysine within the locus of the anion-binding site, accounts for the irreversible labeling. As expected, the covalently attached anions render the iron in the ovotransferrin-iron-anion ternary complex much more resistant to loss at low pH. It is proposed that the covalently labeled protein be used to test the hypothesis that iron removal from transferrin occurs by protonation and loss of the anion in low-pH lysosomal vesicles. PMID- 3219337 TI - Oligodeoxynucleotide folding in solution: loop size and stability of B-hairpins. AB - The secondary structures of the synthetic DNA fragments d(CGCGCGTTTTTCGCGCG) (T5), d(CGCGCGAAAAACGCGCG) (A5), d(CGCGCGTACGCGCG) (TA), and d(CGCGCGATCGCGCG) (AT) were investigated in a combined electrophoretic and spectroscopic study. All the oligomers exist, at low temperature and over a wide range of ionic strength (0.5-100 mM salt) and of nucleotide concentration [0.1-2.0 mM (phosphate)], as a mixture of two slowly interconverting species, identified as the dimeric duplex and the monomeric hairpin structure. The thermodynamic parameters for hairpin denaturation of T5, A5, TA, and AT and for duplex denaturation of d(CGCGCG) show that (a) the hairpins are more stable than the reference hexamer duplex at all accessible nucleotide concentrations; (b) the loop contributes favorably to the enthalpy change of hairpin denaturation in the four DNA fragments; (c) the base composition of the loop (A vs T) and the size of the loop (A5/T5 vs TA/AT) do not appreciably influence the enthalpic contents of the hairpins; (d) hairpins TA and AT, with two AT bases intervening in the CG self-complementary part of the molecule, exhibit a markedly higher thermal stability than hairpins T5 and A5, which is entropic in origin. These findings are consistent with the presence of two-residue loops in the tetradecamers TA and AT. PMID- 3219338 TI - The B-Z conformational transition in folded oligodeoxynucleotides: loop size and stability of Z-hairpins. AB - The capacity to assume a left-handed conformation and the thermodynamics of loop formation in concentrated aqueous NaClO4 have been investigated for the following palindromic sequences: d-(CGCGCGAAAAACGCGCG) (A5), d(CGCGCGTTTTTCGCGCG) (T5), d(CGCGCGTACGCGCG) (TA), and d(CGCGCGATCGCGCG) (AT). The results show that (a) each oligomer assumes a Z conformation upon exposure to increasing NaClO4 concentrations; the salt concentration at the transition midpoint is 1.8 M for both A5 and T5 and 3 and 3.5 M for TA and AT, respectively; (b) in high salt the four oligomers exist, over a wide range of nucleotide concentrations (up to 10( 3) M) and of temperature (greater than 0 degrees C), as unimolecular hairpin structures; (c) hairpins TA and AT exhibit, in buffer A, a lower thermal stability with respect to A5 and T5 (delta T about 16 degrees C), contrary to what is observed at low ionic strength; (d) on hairpin formation, the enthalpic term is about -52 kcal/mol for the two 17-mers and -38 kcal/mol for the two 14 mers, while the change in entropy is found to be around -150 eu for A5 and T5 and -115 eu for TA and AT. This thermodynamic picture suggests that a two-residue loop for TA and AT, found at low ionic strength [see preceding paper (Xodo, L.E., Manzini, G., Quadrifoglio, F., van der Marel, G.A., & van Boom, J.H. (1988) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)], is substituted by a longer one including two additional residues from a missing dC.dG base pairing at the top of the stem. PMID- 3219339 TI - Alkali reversal of psoralen cross-link for the targeted delivery of psoralen monoadduct lesion. AB - Psoralen intercalates into double-stranded DNA and photoreacts mainly with thymines to form monoadducts and interstrand cross-links. We used an oligonucleotide model to demonstrate a novel mechanism: the reversal of psoralen cross-links by base-catalyzed rearrangement at 90 degrees C (BCR). The BCR reaction is more efficient than the photoreversal reaction. We show that the BCR occurs predominantly on the furan side of a psoralen cross-link. The cleavage does not result in the breaking of the DNA backbone, and the thymine base freed from the cross-link by the cleavage reaction appears to be unmodified. Similarly, BCR of the furan-side monoadduct of psoralen removed the psoralen molecule and regenerated the unaltered native oligonucleotide. The pyrone-side psoralen monoadduct is relatively resistant to BCR. One can use BCR to perform efficient oligonucleotide-directed, site-specific delivery of a psoralen monoadduct. As a demonstration of this approach, we have hybridized a 19 base long oligonucleotide vehicle containing a furan-side psoralen monoadduct to a 56 base long complementary oligonucleotide target strand and formed a specific cross-link at the target site with 365-nm UV. Subsequent BCR released the oligonucleotide vehicle and deposited the psoralen at the target site. PMID- 3219340 TI - Photochemical cleavage of DNA by nitrobenzamides linked to 9-aminoacridine. AB - Nitrobenzamido ligands linked to the DNA intercalator 9-aminoacridine via poly(methylene) chains induce single-strand nicks in DNA upon irradiation with long-wavelength ultraviolet light (lambda greater than or equal to 300 nm). Optimal photocleavage activity was found for the reagent 9-[[6-(4 nitrobenzamido)hexyl]amino]-acridine. Removal of the acridinyl ligand or changing the position of the nitro group from the 4- to the 2-position caused a 10-fold decrease in photocleavage efficiency, whereas a change to the 3-position caused a 30-fold reduction. The DNA cleavage was 5-fold enhanced by subsequent piperidine treatment and showed some sequence dependency with predominant cleavage at G and T residues. Furthermore, significant differences in cleavage preference were observed when the poly(methylene) linker length was changed. PMID- 3219341 TI - Transcription of left-handed Z-DNA templates: increased rate of single-step addition reactions catalyzed by wheat germ RNA polymerase II. AB - Wheat germ RNA polymerase II is able to transcribe polynucleotide templates in the poly-[d(G-C)] family, adopting either the right-handed B or left-handed Z conformations depending on the ionic environment and temperature. Thus, with poly[d(G-C)] either the B state (in MgCl2) or the associated Z* state (in MnCl2) can be established. Poly[d(G-m5C)] adopts the Z form readily in MgCl2, and poly [d(G-br5C)] can be regarded as being "constitutively" in the Z state. In transcription studies with CpG as a primer and templates in the left-handed conformation, it is found that the rate of productive elongation, i.e., the synthesis of poly[r(G-C)], is depressed, in accordance with the results of previous studies. However, with a single triphosphate substrate, CTP, the rate of formation of the first phosphodiester bond, i.e., the synthesis of CpGpC, is about 4-fold greater with both the Z and Z* templates than with B-DNA. This transcriptional activity is also catalytic in the sense that product concentrations exceed that of the enzyme. The synthesis of CpGpC is reduced in the presence of GTP. However, the apparent Km value for GTP utilization is lower for the trinucleotide synthesis (0.1 microM) than that obtained for productive elongation (0.8 microM), a result that also holds for B-DNA templates. All transcription reactions are specifically inhibited by the fungal toxin alpha amanitin, and, in the case of the left-handed templates, by monoclonal anti-Z-DNA antibodies. The relative probabilities of single-step addition and productive elongation imply that the major distinction between transcription of templates in the B and Z conformations involves a step following the synthesis of the first phosphodiester bond. As a result, fully competent elongation complexes do not form on the left-handed DNA. PMID- 3219342 TI - Binding specificities of actinomycin D to self-complementary tetranucleotide sequences -XGCY-. AB - Binding of actinomycin D (ACTD) to self-complementary decamers d(ATA-XGCY-TAT), where XGCY = TGCA, AGCT, CGCG, and GGCC, has been investigated by equilibrium, kinetic, and thermal denaturation studies. The results indicate that despite the presence of a GC dinucleotide sequence, -GGCC- exhibits a much weaker binding affinity toward ACTD than the other three tetranucleotide sequences. Binding constants estimated from Scatchard plots indicate that binding to the -GGCC- site is at least an order of magnitude weaker than binding to -CGCG- and -AGCT-, which in turn is only slightly weaker than binding to the -TGCA- sequence. At 18.5 degrees C and 1% SDS, ACTD dissociates from d-(ATA-TGCA-TAT) with a slow characteristic time of 3300 s, roughly 4 times slower than dissociation from those containing -CGCG- and -AGCT- sequences and more than 2 orders of magnitude slower than that from -GGCC-. An 18.2 degrees C increase in the melting temperature is observed for the -TGCA-containing decamer upon binding of the ACTD, whereas increases of 10.3, 6.7, and 2.0 degrees C are observed for the CGCG-, -AGCT-, and -GGCC-containing decamers, respectively. The effects observed by changing the adjacent base pair (sequence) may occur as a result of differential stacking and/or peptide ring-DNA groove interactions. Base sequence alterations adjacent to the ACTD binding site may result in differences in the minor groove environment and/or subtle conformational alterations at the intercalation site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219343 TI - Effect of pulsed and reversing electric fields on the orientation of linear and supercoiled DNA molecules in agarose gels. AB - When linear or supercoiled DNA molecules are imbedded in agarose gels and subjected to electric fields, they become oriented in the gel matrix and give rise to an electric birefringence signal. The sign of the birefringence is negative, indicating that the DNA molecules are oriented parallel to the electric field lines. If the DNA molecules are larger than about 1.5 kilobase pairs, a delay is observed before the birefringence signal appears. This time lag, which is roughly independent of DNA molecular weight, decreases with increasing electric field strength. The field-free decay of the birefringence is much slower for the DNA molecules imbedded in agarose gels than observed in free solution, indicating that orientation in the gel is accompanied by stretching. Both linear and supercoiled molecules become stretched, although the apparent change in conformation is much less pronounced for supercoiled molecules. When the electric field is rapidly reversed in polarity, very little change in the birefringence signal is observed for linear or supercoiled DNAs if the equilibrium orientation (i.e., birefringence) had been reached before field reversal. Apparently, completely stretched, oriented DNA molecules are able to reverse their direction of migration with little or no loss of orientation. If the steady-state birefringence had not been reached before the field reversal, complicated orientation patterns are observed after field reversal. Very large, partially stretched DNA molecules exhibit a rapid decrease in orientation at field reversal. The rate of decrease of the birefringence signal in the reversing field is faster than the field-free decay of the birefringence and is approximately equal to the rate of orientation in the field (after the lag period).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219344 TI - Interaction of hemoglobin derivatives with liposomes. Membrane cholesterol protects against the changes of hemoglobin. AB - Hemoglobin (Hb) was incubated with small unilamellar vesicles of different lipid compositions in physiological or low pH-low ionic strength media, and the alterations in the protein and bilayer structure were analyzed by measuring (i) the sedimentation properties and elution pattern of the vesicles upon gel filtration, (ii) the quenching effect of Hb on the fluorescence of membrane embedded probes, (iii) the intrinsic fluorescence of Hb, and (iv) the Soret spectra of Hb. The results indicate complex formation between Hb and the membrane, followed by intercalation of the protein into the bilayer. These processes can lead to secondary alterations, including aggregation, peroxidative decomposition of unsaturated fatty acids, unfolding of Hb, oxidation of the heme iron, displacement of the heme relative to globin, and oxidative or nonoxidative deconjugation of the porphyrin ring. Complex formation and intercalation of Hb into the bilayer are primarily due to hydrophobic interaction between the protein and the membrane, whereas displacement of the heme and its nonoxidative deconjugation are elicited by ionic interaction between the heme and negative membrane surface charges. These charges, on the other hand, inhibit the oxidative processes in unsaturated lipid vesicles. The rate and extent of alterations both in the protein and in the membrane show inverse correlation with the stability of the heme-globin linkage. The liquid-crystalline phase state promotes the penetration of Hb into the bilayer, whereas displacement of the heme is most expressed in the case of saturated bilayers in the gel state. Cholesterol inhibits both the hydrophobic and ionic interactions between the protein and bilayer, most remarkably the partition of the heme into negatively charged saturated bilayers. It is suggested that the effects of cholesterol are mediated through changes in membrane fluidity. PMID- 3219345 TI - Rip locus: regulation of female-specific isozyme (I-P-450(16 alpha) of testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase in mouse liver, chromosome localization, and cloning of P-450 cDNA. AB - The constitutive expression of phenobarbital-inducible mouse cytochrome P-450 (I P-450(16 alpha) at the mRNA level and its associated testosterone 16 alpha hydroxylase activity in liver microsomes was a female characteristic in many inbred mice, including BALB/cJ, A/HeJ, and C57BL/6J. This sex-dependent constitutive expression of the mRNA and enzyme activity was severely reduced in females of mouse strain 129/J. The distribution patterns of the mRNA and activity levels in individual offspring of F1, F2, and F1 backcrosses to progenitors, generated from crosses between 129/J and BALB/cJ mice, indicated that the female specific expression of I-P-450(16 alpha) is an autosomal dominant trait under the regulation of a sex-limited single locus. It was found that the genotypes of this locus exhibited concordance with that of the coumarin hydroxylase locus (Coh locus) in eight out of nine 9 X A recombinant inbred strains, suggesting the localization of this sex-limited locus on chromosome 7. We propose Rip (regulation of sex-dependent, constitutive expression of phenobarbital-inducible P-450) as the name of this sex-limited locus. With the use of the rat P-450e cDNA probe, a cDNA library from liver poly(A+) RNA of BALB/cJ was screened, and three distinct cDNAs (pf3, pf26, and pf46) were selected on the basis of their restriction patterns. Nucleotide sequences of the cDNAs revealed that pf3 and pf46 are clones overlapped, with the exception that the 27-bp DNA is inserted in the coding region of pf46. The nucleotide sequence (named pf3/46) obtained from the overlapping sequences of pf3 and pf46 contained 1473 or 1500 bp of open reading frame, and the deduced amino acid sequence shared 93% similarity with those of rat P-450b. The 27-bp insertion resulted in nine extra amino acids just in front of the cysteine residue, the fifth ligand for heme binding. The mRNA with 27-bp insertion was ubiquitously present in other inbred mice such as A/HeJ and C57BL/6J, but not in 129/J. S-1 nuclease analysis estimated a ratio of p46 and pf3 to be 1:50. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the 1473-bp open-reading frame in pf26 possessed 83% similarity to those of pf3/46. Hybridizations of oligonucleotide probes (pf26-cu and pf3/46-cu) specific to either pf26 or pf3/46 with liver poly(A+) RNA from males and females of BALB/cJ, 129/F, and F1 offspring demonstrated that the expression of pf26, but not pf3/46, mRNA was associated with the autosomal dominant inheritance of I-P-450(16 alpha).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3219346 TI - Genetic regulation of estrogen-dependent repression of female-specific testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase (I-P-450(16 alpha) in male mouse liver: murine Ripr locus. AB - The genetic basis for repression of I-P-450(16 alpha) in livers of male mice was examined in 129/J and BALB/cJ mice. Castration of adult male BALB/cJ but not 129/J mice resulted in derepression of I-P-450(16 alpha) at its mRNA and activity levels. It was further found that the patterns of derepression in (129/J x BALB/cJ) F1 and F2 offspring indicated that the derepression of I-P-450(16 alpha) is inherited as an autosomal additive trait. The distribution of derepression among castrated recombinant inbred strains (9 X A) indicated a close link of a locus repressing I-P-450(16 alpha) in male mice to the Rip locus on chromosome 7. Rip was previously defined as a locus that regulates specific expression of I-P 450(16 alpha) in livers of female mice [Noshiro, M., Lakso, M., Kawajiri, K., & Negishi, M. (1988) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. Other tested inbred mice (A/HeJ, C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, and DBA/2J) showed the derepression of I-P 450(16 alpha) by castration, such as BALB/cJ. We propose Ripr (repression of an action of Rip locus in male mice) as the name of the locus by which repression of I-P-450(16 alpha) is regulated in male mice. Treatment of castrated male BALB/cJ mice by testosterone propionate, estradiol valerate, or diethylstilbestrol repressed I-P-450(16 alpha) to the levels seen in normal BALB/cJ male mice. Dihydrotestosterone, however, had little effect in repressing I-P-450(16 alpha) in castrated mice. The results suggested that estrogen rather than androgen is a repressor of I-P-450(16 alpha) in livers of male mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219347 TI - Change in membrane fluidity induced by lectin-mediated phase separation of the membrane and agglutination of phospholipid vesicles containing glycopeptides. AB - Changes in membrane fluidity induced by lectin addition to 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) vesicles containing synthetic glycopeptides were measured by depolarization of the fluorescent probes 8-anilino-1 naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). In the present synthesized glycopeptides, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and a tripeptide were connected by aliphatic chains of different lengths. A pyrenyl group, which is introduced to the peptide moiety, acted as a probe to characterize the distribution of glycopeptides in the membrane on the basis of its excimer formation. The glycopeptide was shown to be distributed to DPPC vesicles with the peptide moiety buried in the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer and the glyco moiety exposed to the outside of the membrane. By the addition of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to the vesicles containing the glycopeptides, intravesicular cross-linking of glycopeptides in the membrane and aggregation of vesicles were observed. The intravesicular cross-linking was antagonized by GlcNAc above the phase transition temperature. However, the dissociation of aggregation required the addition of a stronger antagonist, N,N'-diacetylchitobiose. The addition of the glycopeptide to DPPC vesicles above the phase transition temperature decreased the membrane fluidity. However, a succeeding addition of WGA caused a large increase of membrane fluidity at either the surface or the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer membrane. This increase of membrane fluidity was attributed to two factors by use of two kinds of antagonists having different potencies: one is a WGA-mediated cross-linking of glycopeptides in the membrane, and the other is a close contact of vesicles on aggregation. PMID- 3219348 TI - Lipid-protein interactions mediate the photochemical function of rhodopsin. AB - We have investigated the molecular features of recombinant membranes that are necessary for the photochemical function of rhodopsin. The magnitude of the metarhodopsin I to metarhodopsin II phototransient following a 25% +/- 3% bleaching flash was used as a criterion of photochemical activity at 28 degrees C and pH 7.0. Nativelike activity of rhodopsin can be reconstituted with an extract of total lipids from rod outer segment membranes, demonstrating that the protein is minimally perturbed by the reconstitution protocol. Rhodopsin photochemical activity is enhanced by phosphatidylethanolamine head groups and docosahexaenoyl (22:6 omega 3) acyl chains. An equimolar mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine containing 50 mol% docosahexaenoyl chains results in optimal photochemical function. These results suggest the importance of both the head group and acyl chain composition of the rod outer segment lipids in the visual process. The extracted rod lipids and those lipid mixtures favoring the conformational change from metarhodopsin I to II can undergo lamellar (L alpha) to inverted hexagonal (HII) phase transitions near physiological temperature. Interaction of rhodopsin with membrane lipids close to a L alpha to HII (or cubic) phase boundary may thus lead to properties which influence the energetics of conformational states of the protein linked to visual function. PMID- 3219349 TI - Characterization of high molecular weight transforming growth factor alpha produced by rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells. AB - In addition to the mature 50 amino acid transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), some transformed cells appear to produce multiple higher molecular weight forms. The structure and derivation of most of these larger soluble TGF alpha species remain to be established. We previously reported that a chemically induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, JM1, secreted acid-stable proteins which bind to epidermal growth factor receptors and stimulate DNA synthesis in primary cultures of normal adult rat hepatocytes. Purification and characterization of these hepatoma-derived growth factors have indicated their relationship to TGF alpha. Two EGF-competing activities of apparent Mr 30K and 10K were separated by gel filtration of concentrated JM1-conditioned medium and further purified by ion-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. Both growth factors were detected by a radioimmunoassay specific for TGF alpha. Western blotting with antibodies to the 50 amino acid TGF alpha revealed that the lower molecular weight factor comigrated with the synthetic 6-kDa rat TGF alpha. The higher molecular weight TGF alpha appeared on immunoblots as a diffuse band of 18-21 kDa, which converted to the mature 6-kDa form upon digestion with elastase, confirming a precursor-product relationship. However, the 18-21-kDa proteins did not react with antibodies directed against the carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic segment of the transmembrane TGF alpha precursor. Enzymatic deglycosylation of the 18-21-kDa TGF alpha species by sequential removal of sialic acids and O- and N-linked carbohydrate reduced the molecular weight to 11K. The size and soluble nature of this polypeptide suggest that it represents the extracellular domain of the transmembrane TGF alpha precursor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219350 TI - Involvement of tryptophan residues at the coenzyme A binding site of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoaceticum. AB - Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) from Clostridium thermoaceticum plays a central role in the newly discovered acetyl-CoA pathway [Wood, H.G., Ragsdale, S.W., & Pezacka, E. (1986) FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 39, 345-362]. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of acetyl-CoA from methyl, carbonyl, and CoA groups, and it has specific binding sites for these moieties. In this study, we have determined the role of tryptophans at these subsites. N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) oxidation of the exposed and reactive tryptophans (5 out of a total of approximately 20) of CODH at pH 5.5 results in the partial inactivation of the exchange reaction (approximately 50%) involving carbon monoxide and the carbonyl group of the acetyl-CoA. Also, about 70% of the acetyl-CoA synthesis was abolished as a result of NBS modification. The presence of CoA (10 microM) produced complete protection against the partial inhibition of the exchange activity and the overall synthesis of acetyl-CoA caused by NBS. Additionally, none of the exposed tryptophans of CODH was modified in the presence of CoA. Ligands such as the methyl or the carbonyl groups did not afford protection against these inactivations or the modification of the exposed tryptophans. A significant fraction of the accessible fluorescence of CODH was shielded in the presence of CoA against acrylamide quenching. On the basis of these observations, it appears that certain tryptophans are involved at or near the CoA binding site of CODH. PMID- 3219351 TI - Relationships between the gene and protein structure in human complement component C9. AB - Human complement component C9 is a multidomain protein for which a large number of surface topographical features have been determined. We have analyzed the exon intron boundaries of the human C9 gene and find a good correlation between splice sites and surface features of the protein but little correlation with the putative protein domain structure, even in the cysteine-rich sequence homology with the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor which is likely to be an independently folded structural motif. This is surprising because in the LDL receptor the same sequence is precisely bounded by introns, and it has been assumed that this sequence is present in both proteins as a result of exon shuffling. We deduce that substantial rearrangement of the exon-intron structure of the C9 gene must have occurred before the exchange of cysteine-rich domains, possibly linked to the process of exon duplication which was required to generate the repeats in the LDL receptor. PMID- 3219352 TI - Human H1 histone gene promoter CCAAT box binding protein HiNF-B is a mosaic factor. AB - Vertebrate histone gene promoters in many cases contain an upstream element, 5'dCCAAT, that has been implicated in modulating the efficiency of transcription of a broad spectrum of genes. We have previously isolated a nuclear factor (HiNF B) that binds specifically to the CCAAT element of a cell cycle regulated human H1 histone gene. This factor shows similarities with other CCAAT box binding proteins in that it recognizes the same sequence but shows a distinct chromatographic behavior. In the present study, we have employed the gel retardation assay to demonstrate that HiNF-B is a cell cycle independent DNA binding protein that is conserved in both human and mouse cells. Using a series of reconstitution experiments with partially purified HiNF-B fractions, we show that this factor requires association of at least two components for site specific binding. The composite structure of HiNF-B suggests that binding of at least some CCAAT elements in vertebrates may require cooperative interaction of CCAAT box binding proteins with other factors. PMID- 3219353 TI - Expression of human angiogenin in cultured baby hamster kidney cells. AB - Baby hamster kidney cells were transformed with DNA sequences derived from the gene for human angiogenin. Expression was under the transcriptional control of the inducible mouse metallothionein 1 promoter. Recombinant angiogenin was purified and shown to be chemically, biologically, and enzymatically indistinguishable from the natural product. The large-scale production of recombinant angiogenin achieved should facilitate detailed studies into the structure-function relationships of this potent angiogenic molecule. PMID- 3219354 TI - Inhibition of cathepsin B by peptidyl aldehydes and ketones: slow-binding behavior of a trifluoromethyl ketone. AB - Inhibition of the cysteine proteinase cathepsin B by a series of N benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alanine ketones and the analogous aldehyde has been investigated. Surprisingly, whereas the aldehyde was found to be almost as potent a competitive reversible inhibitor as the natural peptidyl aldehyde, leupeptin, the corresponding trifluoromethyl ketone showed comparatively weak (and slow-binding) reversible inhibition. Evaluation of competitive hydration and hemithioketal formation in a model system led to a structure-activity correlation spanning several orders of magnitude in both cathepsin B inhibition constants (Ki) and model system equilibrium data (KRSH,apparent). PMID- 3219355 TI - A structure of sperm whale myoglobin at a nitrogen gas pressure of 145 atmospheres. AB - A structure of sperm whale metmyoglobin under a nitrogen gas pressure of 145 atm (2200 psi) has been solved by X-ray diffraction using data to 2.0-A resolution. The perturbation of the gas pressure on the overall structure of the protein is minimal with a root mean square deviation of backbone atoms between the pressurized and unpressurized structures of 0.22 A. Additional electron density is observed, however, in two cavities of the protein molecule. The density is interpreted as a nitrogen molecule bound in the proximal cavity and as a water molecule hydrogen bonded in a separate cavity (cavity 3). In addition, alternate conformations are observed for three internal residues (Leu-135, Phe-138, and Ile 142) that border these cavities. These alternate conformations are not observed in atmospheric pressure structures and are presumed due to the effects of pressure and/or gas binding. The appearance of these alternate conformations implies a repacking of the protein interior and produces a new distribution of cavity spaces. The profile of the Debye-Waller factors for the pressurized structure is similar to that for the room pressure except for a small increase in the distal region (residues 61-69) of the protein. PMID- 3219356 TI - Oxidation-reduction of general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase by the butyryl-CoA/crotonyl CoA couple. A new investigation of the rapid reaction kinetics. AB - Pig kidney general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (GAD) can be reduced by butyryl-CoA to form reduced enzyme and crotonyl-CoA. This reaction is reversible. Stopped-flow, kinetic investigations on GAD have been made, using the following reaction pairs: oxidized GAD/butyryl-CoA, oxidized GAD/crotonyl-CoA, oxidized GAD/alpha,beta dideuteriobutyryl-CoA, reduced GAD/butyryl-CoA, and reduced GAD/crotonyl-CoA (in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.6 at 4 degrees C). Reduction of GAD by butyryl-CoA is triphasic. The slowest phase is 100-fold slower than the preceding phase and appears to represent a secondary process not directly related to the primary reduction events. The first two fast phases are responsible for reduction of GAD. Reduction proceeds via a reduced enzyme/crotonyl-CoA charge-transfer complex. alpha, beta-Dideuteriobutyryl-CoA elicits a major deuterium isotope effect (15-fold) on the reduction reaction. Oxidation of GAD by crotonyl-CoA is biphasic. Oxidation proceeds via the same reduced enzyme/crotonyl-CoA charge transfer complex seen during reduction. The oxidation reaction ends in a mixture composed largely of oxidized GAD species. From the data, we constructed a mechanism for the reduction/oxidation of GAD by butyryl-CoA/crotonyl-CoA. This mechanism was then used to simulate all of the observed kinetic time course data, using a single set of kinetic parameters. A close correspondence between the observed and simulated data was obtained. PMID- 3219357 TI - Rotational dynamics of the single tryptophan of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2, its zymogen, and an enzyme/micelle complex. A steady-state and time-resolved anisotropy study. AB - The rotational dynamics of the single tryptophan of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 and its zymogen (prophospholipase A2) have been studied by polarized fluorescence using steady-state and time-resolved single-photon counting techniques. The motion of Trp-3 in phospholipase A2 consists of a rapid subnanosecond wobble of the indole ring with an amplitude of about +/- 20 degrees accompanied by slower isotropic rotation of the entire protein. The rotational correlation times for overall particle rotational diffusion are consistent with conventional hydrodynamic theory. When phospholipase A2 binds to micelles of n hexadecylphosphocholine, the amplitude of the fast ring rotation decreases. The whole particle rotational correlation time of the enzyme/micelle complex is smaller than the minimum value calculated from hydrodynamic theory. A similar result is obtained for the micelle itself by using the lipophilic probe transparinaric acid. These low values for the particle correlation times can be understood by postulating that an isotropic motion of the fluorophore in the small detergent particles contributes to the angular reorientation of the fluorophore. The internal reorientational motion of the tryptophan in the zymogen, prophospholipase A2, is of larger amplitude than that observed for the enzyme; specifically, the proenzyme exhibits a motion with a significant amplitude on the nanosecond time scale. This additional freedom of motion is attributed to segmental mobility of the N-terminal residues of prophospholipase A2. This demonstrates that this region of the protein is flexible in the zymogen but not in the processed enzyme. The implications of these findings for the mechanism of surface activation of phospholipase A2 are discussed by analogy with a trypsinogen-trypsin activation model. PMID- 3219358 TI - Mechanism of azide binding to chloroperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase: use of an iodine laser temperature-jump apparatus. AB - The kinetics of azide binding to chloroperoxidase have been studied at eight pH values ranging from 3.0 to 6.6 at 9.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C and ionic strength of 0.4 M in H2O. The same reaction was studied in D2O at pD 4.36. In addition, results were obtained on azide binding to horseradish peroxidase at pD 4.36 and pH 4.56. Typical relaxation times were in the range 10-40 microseconds. The value of kH/kD(on) for chloroperoxidase is 1.16, and kH/kD(off) is 1.7; corresponding values for horseradish peroxidase are 1.10 and 2.4. The H/D solvent isotope effects indicate proton transfer is partially rate controlling and is more important in the dissociation of azide from the enzyme-ligand complex. A mechanism is proposed in which hydrazoic acid binds to chloroperoxidase in a concerted process in which its proton is transferred to a distal basic group. Hydrogen bonding from the newly formed distal acid to the bound azide facilitates formation of hydrazoic acid as the leaving group in the dissociation process. The binding rate constant data, kon, can be fit to the equation kon = k3/(1 + KA/[H+]), where k3 = 7.6 X 10(7) M-1 S-1 and KA, the dissociation constant of hydrazoic acid, is 2.5 X 10(-5) M. The same mechanism probably is valid for the ligand binding to horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 3219359 TI - Active site selective labeling of serine proteases with spectroscopic probes using thioester peptide chloromethyl ketones: demonstration of thrombin labeling using N alpha-[(acetylthio)acetyl]-D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl. AB - The feasibility of a new approach to incorporation of spectroscopic probes into the active sites of certain serine proteases has been demonstrated. The method is based on inactivation of a serine protease with a thioester derivative of a peptide chloromethyl ketone. The thiol group generated by reaction of the covalent enzyme-inhibitor complex with NH2OH provides a unique site for subsequent labeling with thiol-reactive probes. To evaluate the method, N alpha [(acetylthio)acetyl]-D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl was synthesized by reaction of the thrombin-specific tripeptide chloromethyl ketone with succinimidyl (acetylthio)acetate and purified by sulfopropyl-Sephadex and Sephadex G-10 chromatography. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that the product was 90 +/- 3% pure. The compound was quantitated by using 5,5' dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) to measure the concentration of thiol produced in the presence of NH2OH. On this basis, titrations of the irreversible loss of human alpha-thrombin activity had end points of 1.1 +/- 0.1 mol of inhibitor/mol of active sites, indicating a 1:1 stoichiometry for inactivation. Incubation of N alpha-[(acetylthio)acetyl]-D-Phe-Pro-Arg-thrombin with 5 (iodoacetamido)fluorescein in the presence of NH2OH resulted in incorporation of 0.96 mol of the fluorescence probe/mol of active sites and the appearance of fluorescein fluorescence associated with the active site containing B-chain on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Fluorescence labeling of thrombin required reaction of the inhibitor at the active site as well as subsequent generation of the thiol group with NH2OH. It is concluded that active site selective labeling can be achieved by using this approach, which is likely to be applicable to other proteases, peptide chloromethyl ketones, and a wide variety of probes. PMID- 3219360 TI - Influence of ligation state and concentration of hemoglobin A on its cross linking by glycolaldehyde: functional properties of cross-linked, carboxymethylated hemoglobin. AB - The ligation state of hemoglobin during its cross-linking by glycolaldehyde influences the ultimate oxygen affinity of the cross-linked protein. Thus, if the cross-linking is performed with carbonmonoxy-hemoglobin, the oxygen affinity increases slightly to a P50 of 7 mmHg from a P50 of 9 mmHg for unmodified hemoglobin. In contrast, when deoxyhemoglobin is cross-linked with glycolaldehyde, the oxygen affinity of the product decreases (P50 = 15 mmHg). When deoxyhemoglobin is first carboxymethylated and then cross-linked with glycolaldehyde, an even lower oxygen affinity is achieved (P50 = 23 mmHg). Carboxymethylated hemoglobin is very responsive to the presence of 5% CO2 with a P50 of 33 mmHg, which is lowered further to 42 mmHg when chloride (0.1 M) is also present. Hemoglobin carboxymethylated and cross-linked under anaerobic conditions is also responsive to the modulators CO2 and chloride with a resultant oxygen affinity of 27 mmHg. The type of cross-linking of liganded hemoglobin by the mild reagent glycolaldehyde is dependent upon the initial hemoglobin concentration. Thus, with dilute hemoglobin (45 microM in tetramer), cross-linking by glycolaldehyde (50 mM) results in about 75% of 64,000 molecular weight species (some of which are cross-linked within tetramer) and 25% of intertetrameric cross linked species with a range of molecular weights averaging 128,000-512,000. With hemoglobin solutions of higher concentration (360 microM), the amount of the higher molecular weight species increases to about 65% with a corresponding reduction to 35% in the 64,000 molecular weight component. PMID- 3219361 TI - Amino acid sequence of the ribonuclease inhibitor from porcine liver reveals the presence of leucine-rich repeats. AB - The primary structure of the ribonuclease inhibitor from pig liver has been determined by amino acid sequence analysis. The N alpha-acetylated polypeptide chain of 456 amino acids consists of 15 homologous leucine-rich repeats, characterized by leucyl residues at constant positions. Two types of alternating repeats occur, 29 (A) and 28 (B) residues long. The degree of identity between repeats of a given type ranged from 25 to 60%. Only one deletion in the B-repeat was necessary to perfectly align the leucyl residues between the two repeats. Leucine-rich repeats have previously been found in four membrane-bound proteins and one extracellular protein, and their amphiphilic character suggested that they could be involved in membrane binding. Ribonuclease inhibitor is the first example of a cytoplasmic protein containing this type of repeat. It seems likely, therefore, that leucine-rich repeats can have functions other than forming membrane binding structures. PMID- 3219363 TI - CP4: a pneumocyte-derived collagenous surfactant-associated protein. Evidence for heterogeneity of collagenous surfactant proteins. AB - Type II pneumocytes secrete pulmonary surfactant and are known to synthesize SP 35, a collagenous surfactant-associated protein. Freshly isolated type II cells also synthesize other bacterial collagenase-sensitive and hydroxyproline containing proteins, including a glycoprotein designated CP4. CP4 was isolated from rat pneumocyte culture medium by immune precipitation with polyclonal antibodies to rat surfactant proteins or by DEAE chromatography and reverse-phase or gel permeation HPLC. CP4 did not cross-react with polyclonal antibodies to SP 35 and was completely resolved from SP-35 by SDS-PAGE (Mr 43K reduced) or isoelectric focusing. Unlike SP-35, which consists of acidic isoforms assembled as disulfide-bonded dimers and multimers, CP4 was secreted as basic isoforms assembled as disulfide-bonded trimers. Differences in primary structure were demonstrated by CNBr and V8 protease peptide mapping. The secretion of both proteins was inhibited by 2,2'-dipyridyl, an inhibitor of posttranslational prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation and collagen triple helix formation. CP4 was isolated from EDTA extracts of rat surfactant. These studies provide evidence for the heterogeneity of pneumocyte-derived collagenous surfactant-associated proteins. PMID- 3219364 TI - Modification of DNA dynamics by platinum drug binding: a time-dependent fluorescence depolarization study of the interaction of cis- and trans diamminedichloroplatinum(II) with DNA. AB - The interaction of calf thymus DNA with the antitumor drug cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II), and with the clinically ineffective trans isomer, is studied by time-dependent fluorescence depolarization spectroscopy of intercalated ethidium. The effect of the platinum compounds on the rapid torsional motions of DNA in solution is observed via depolarization of the ethidium fluorescence. The depolarization data are successfully analyzed with an elastic model of DNA dynamics and yield a value for the product of the torsional rigidity of the DNA and the friction factor for DNA twisting. The dependence of this quantity on the degree of platination of the DNA is determined for each isomer. At low levels of platination, the cis isomer increases the solute-solvent friction acting on the DNA torsional motions, which we attribute to local kinking of the helix axis at the sites of platination. At high levels of platination, the cis isomer decreases the torsional rigidity of the DNA, indicating that disruption of DNA duplex structure occurs under these conditions. The binding of the trans isomer to DNA has no effect on the torsional rigidity or the friction. The present results are compared with other findings on the interaction of these platinum compounds with DNA. PMID- 3219362 TI - Primary structure of human placental ribonuclease inhibitor. AB - The primary structure of the human placental ribonuclease inhibitor (PRI), a tight-binding inhibitor of angiogenin and pancreatic ribonucleases, has been determined from the cDNA. The sequence of the mature protein is composed of 460 amino acids, yielding a molecular mass of 49,847 g/mol. Peptides comprising 92% of the predicted sequence were isolated from a tryptic digest of PRI, and direct sequence information obtained for 65% of the molecule agreed at all positions with the sequence predicted from the cDNA. The amino acid sequence of PRI contains seven direct internal repeat units, each 57 amino acids in length. These repeat units comprise 87% of the molecule. The average degree of identity between any two is 39%. A region within each repeat unit displays similarity to tandem, leucine-rich repeats found in six other proteins. Modification of PRI with iodoacetic acid, p-(hydroxymercuri)benzoate, and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) reveals that at least 30 of the 32 cysteine residues of PRI are in the reduced form. PMID- 3219365 TI - Synthesis of an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea linked to a methidium chloride analogue and its reactions with 32P-end-labeled DNA. AB - The synthesis and characterization of an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) analogue that is covalently linked to a methidium nucleus is described. At 37 degrees C in pH 8.0 buffer 9 hydrolyzes via pseudo-first-order kinetics, with a calculated t1/2 = 77 min. By use of polyacrylamide sequencing gels the formation of piperidine-labile N7-methylguanine adducts from the reaction of 9 and MNU with 5' 32P-end-labeled DNA restriction fragments is reported. DNA methylation by 9 in 10 mM Tris buffer is enhanced with increasing ionic strength (50-200 mM NaCl), which contrasts to the inhibition of MNU-induced cleavage with increasing salt. In addition, 9 methylates all G sites equally, while MNU shows a clear preference for d(G)n (n greater than or equal to 3) runs and an asymmetrical methylation pattern within these G-rich regions. The results are discussed in terms of the delivery of the MNU moiety to the DNA target by a non-sequence-specific intercalation process and the subsequent hydrolytic generation of a nondiffusible alkylating intermediate. PMID- 3219366 TI - Kinetics of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and adenosine 5'-diphosphate interaction with G-actin. AB - Double mixing experiments using a three-syringe stopped-flow apparatus have given values of the second-order rate constants for association of epsilon ATP, ATP, and ADP to G-actin of 6.8 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, 6.1 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, and 6.3 X 10(6) M 1 s-1, respectively, at pH 7.6, 20 degrees C, and 0.65 mM free Ca2+. The previously established ca. 100-fold weaker binding of ADP than ATP to G-actin is due to a much faster dissociation rate of ADP than ATP, rather than to a slower association rate as was previously reported. This difference between ADP and ATP largely disappears under more nearly physiological conditions (0.8 mM Mg2+ and 100 mM KCl). Association rate constants for the three nucleotides under these conditions are 2.13 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, 1.1 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, and 1.2 X 10(6) M-1 s 1, respectively, for epsilon ATP, ATP, and ADP. The rate constant for association of epsilon ATP is only slightly affected by reducing the Mg2+ concentration from 0.8 to 0.2 mM, whereas that for ADP association is reduced by a factor of ca. 3. This, together with the observed increase in the apparent association rate constant of epsilon ATP on increasing the Ca2+ concentration in the 10-100 microM range, suggests that G-actin recognizes and binds the metal-nucleotide complexes. PMID- 3219367 TI - Site-specific glycosylation of human recombinant erythropoietin: analysis of glycopeptides or peptides at each glycosylation site by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. AB - We have previously determined the carbohydrate structure of human recombinant erythropoietin [Sasaki, H., Bothner, B., Dell, A., & Fukuda, M. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 12059-12076]. The carbohydrate chains are distributed in three N glycosylation sites and one O-glycosylation site. In order to examine the extent to which protein structure influences glycosylation, we have analyzed the saccharide structures at each glycosylation site (Asn24, Asn38, Asn83, and Ser126) of human recombinant erythropoietin. By high-performance liquid chromatography, we have succeeded in separation of glycopeptides containing different O-linked saccharides to the same peptide backbone. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the isolated glycopeptides combined with Edman degradation allowed us to elucidate the composition of glycopeptides and the amino acid attachment site. The analysis of glycopeptides and saccharides by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography provided the following conclusions on N-glycans: (1) saccharides at Asn24 are heterogeneous and consist of biantennary, triantennary, and tetraantennary saccharides with or without N-acetyllactosaminyl repeats; (2) saccharides at Asn38 mainly consist of well-processed saccharides such as tetraantennary saccharides with or without N-acetyllactosaminyl repeats; (3) saccharides at Asn83, on the other hand, are homogeneous in the backbone structure and are composed mainly of tetraantennary without N-acetyllactosaminyl repeats. It was also noted that saccharides at Asn24 are much less sialylated than those at Asn38, although these two glycosylation sites are close to each other. These results clearly indicate that the protein structure and, possibly, the carbohydrate chain at the neighboring site greatly influence glycosylation of a given glycosylation site. PMID- 3219368 TI - [Rhythmic activity of the olfactory bulb of the carp under nembutal anesthesia]. AB - The effect of nembutal intraperitoneal injections upon the induced waves and orthodromic potentials of the olfactory bulb (OB) induced by odor stimulation and paired electric stimuli of the olfactory nerve was examined in immobilized by diplacine carp (cyprinus carpio L.). The nembutal anesthesia resulted in a gradual decrease in frequency of induced waves tested by orthodromic response and amplitude of spontaneous electric activity ob OB. The changes found under nembutal anesthesia in evoked electric activity of OB were also observed in chronic and acute intersection of the olfactory tracts. PMID- 3219369 TI - Alanine turnover rate and its hepatic metabolism are increased in midpregnant rat. AB - At mid pregnancy (12th day) fed rats exhibit a drop of blood alanine level when the weight of the fetoplacental unit is still negligible. A primed infusion A-V method was used to measure alanine kinetics in fed midpregnant rats and virgin controls, using L-[2,3-3H]alanine as a tracer. Alanine turnover and metabolic clearance rates were higher on day 12 than in virgin controls. The increase in alanine turnover rate was accounted for by an increase in alanine degradation. Since the liver is the main site of alanine degradation, alanine uptake was studied in isolated hepatocytes. Hepatocytes isolated from midpregnant rats utilized 50% more alanine than those from virgin controls. This increase was mainly due to metabolism rather than incorporation into proteins. In conclusion, the alanine turnover rate and its hepatic metabolism are increased in fed midpregnant rats, resulting in the decrease in blood alanine. PMID- 3219370 TI - Age-dependent effects of beta 2-adrenergic-stimulating drugs on fetal rabbit lung liquid and adrenal catecholamines. AB - The effects of the beta 2-adrenergic-stimulating drug, terbutaline, were studied on fetal rabbit lung liquid (FLL) at gestational ages between 25 and 30 days. At delivery terbutaline reduced FLL in rabbit fetuses with a gestational age of 26 30 days. The most pronounced reduction of FLL was seen at 28 days. Terbutaline administration reduced the wet lung weight/body weight (WLW/BW) ratio at delivery in the 28- and 30-day-old rabbit pups. In the 26-day-old animals, beta 2 adrenergic stimulation had no significant effect on the WLW/BW ratio and at 25 days of gestational age the ratio was increased. After parturition, however, the difference in WLW/BW between the terbutaline and control animals, seen at birth, was attenuated and, at 60 min of postnatal age, the difference was no longer observed. Terbutaline decreased the adrenal content of noradrenaline and adrenaline most marked at 28 days of gestational age, but did not alter the adrenaline/noradrenaline ratio. Furthermore, adrenal dopamine was decreased after terbutaline, suggesting a decreased catecholamine synthesis. Our data show that a positive effect of terbutaline on FLL in rabbit pups was most marked during late but not early gestational age. beta 2-Adrenergic treatment may, however, reduce adrenal catecholamines. PMID- 3219371 TI - Copper metabolism in the macular mutant mouse: an animal model of Menkes's kinky hair disease. AB - The tissue copper contents were measured in mutant (hemizygous macular male and homozygous macular female), heterozygous macular female and normal mice. The copper content in kidney and small intestine from 7-day-old mutant and heterozygote were extremely high compared to normal mice, whereas the copper content in other tissues (liver, brain, spleen and serum) was low. Copper content in whole body of mutant mice was extremely low at three stages (18 days gestation, 1 day old, and 7 days old) compared to normal mice with the exception of the mutant fetus at 14 days of gestation. Renal copper contents in the mutant fetus at 18 days of gestation and in the 1-day-old mutant were not changed compared to normal mice, whereas that in 7- and 14-day-old mutant mice was significantly elevated. Hepatic copper content of the mutant mice was extremely low at all stages compared to normal mice. Copper therapy was applied to 7-day old mutant mice. At 1 day after injection, hepatic copper content in the mutants had increased slightly in comparison with the normal control mice, whereas renal copper content was extremely increased. At 7 days after injection, hepatic copper content in the mutants was decreased greatly in comparison with normal control mice, whereas an increase in renal copper content had remained. PMID- 3219372 TI - Timing of photorefractoriness in the European starling: significance of photoperiod early and late in the reproductive cycle. AB - In European starlings, as in many other birds inhabiting higher latitudes, gonads develop in response to the increasing daylengths in early spring. Later in the year, however, the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis becomes refractory to the previously stimulatory long photoperiods and the gonads regress in summer. The present study addresses the question of when during the gonadal growth phase photorefractoriness is determined. A 13-h photoperiod induces testicular development and subsequent testicular regression associated with refractoriness in male starlings. An 11-h photoperiod, in contrast, induces only testicular development, and photorefractoriness never develops. When starlings were transferred to an 11-h photoperiod, either 12 or 25 days following exposure to a 13-h photoperiod, their testes developed to full size, but remained large to the end of the experiment, i.e. refractoriness did not develop. The same was even true of most birds in a third group that were transferred to an 11-h photoperiod after 46 days of the 13-h photoperiod, when gonads had developed to near maximal size. These data show that, in contrast to some other species of passerine birds, the onset of photorefractoriness does not become fixed before the testes have undergone considerable development, and that the photoperiodic conditions experienced at the end of the testicular growth phase are still effective in determining the precise time of onset of photorefractoriness. It is suggested that this peculiarity of the starling is related to the fact that its gonadal development begins rather early in spring and, hence, under much shorter photoperiods than the other species studied. PMID- 3219373 TI - Sexual differentiation of the luteinizing hormone response of neonatal rats to the narcotic antagonist naloxone: critical role of estrogen receptors. AB - Administration of the narcotic antagonist naloxone results in an elevation of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in 10-day-old female, but not male, rats. Previous studies from this laboratory indicated a role for neonatal gonadal steroids in the development of this sex-specific response. In this study, the estrogen receptor antagonist OH-Tamoxifen or the androgen-receptor antagonist flutamide were injected on Days 1 or 9 of life, and the LH responses of male and female pups to naloxone were assessed on Day 10. Flutamide did not produce a response different from that seen in vehicle-treated pups, discounting a role for androgen receptors. OH-Tamoxifen on Day 9 caused an increase in basal levels of LH; neither sex showed a response to naloxone. However, OH-Tamoxifen treatment of 1-day-old males resulted in an enhanced release of LH upon challenge with naloxone on Day 10 of life; similar treatment of 1-day-old females resulted in a normal female-type response to the opioid antagonist. These results show that blockade of estrogen receptors in males during the "critical period" of sexual differentiation results in a female phenotypic response to naloxone. Therefore, estrogen receptors play a critical role in the sexual differentiation of the LH response to naloxone in neonatal male rats. PMID- 3219374 TI - Changes in the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of mouse blastocysts during delayed implantation. AB - The rate of estrone (E1)----estradiol-17 beta (E2) or E2----E1 conversion catalyzed by 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) activity was determined for each mouse embryo in modified F-10 medium containing 0.95 microM 3H-E1 or 3H-E2. During delayed implantation, the E1----E2 conversion rate was decreased (p less than 0.005) from 5.69 +/- 0.34 fmol/h/blastocyst on Day 5 to 3.50 +/- 0.46 fmol/h/blastocyst on Day 9, whereas E2----E1 was increased (p less than 0.005) from 7.44 +/- 1.08 to 18.60 +/- 2.04 fmol/h/blastocyst. After estrogen injection, the Day 9 implanting blastocyst showed an increase (p less than 0.005) in E1----E2 conversion to 9.05 +/- 0.64 fmol/h/blastocyst but a slight, insignificant decrease in E2----E1 conversion to 14.2 +/- 1.82 fmol/h/blastocyst. A similar trend was also observed in Day 5 implanting blastocysts when compared to Day 5 delayed blastocysts. Thus, 17 beta-HSD activity in delayed blastocysts favors E2----E1 over E1----E2 conversion in a ratio of 5:1. After estrogen induction of implantation, the E1----E2 conversion rate is stimulated and the ratio of E2----E1 to E1----E2 rate is decreased to 1.5:1. The results suggest that 17 beta-HSD activity may be involved in blastocyst implantation. PMID- 3219375 TI - Influences of prenatal and postnatal fraternity size on ovarian development in the mouse. AB - An experiment was conducted to test effects of prenatal and postnatal fraternity size (size of litter in which an individual develops prenatally or is reared postnatally) on ovarian development in mice. Fraternity size treatments were created by standardizing sizes of prenatal and postnatal fraternities in which mice were gestated and reared. Prenatal fraternity size was standardized by surgery on Day 9 of gestation to 6, 10, and 14 fetuses. Postnatal fraternity size was standardized by randomly assigning pups to litters of 5, 10, or 15 pups within 24 h of birth. Female pups were killed at either 3 or 20 wk of age and right ovaries were prepared for histology. Follicles were classified by size and morphology, and numbers of follicles in each class were tabulated. Interaction of postnatal fraternity size and age was observed for number of antral follicles (p less than 0.05). Mice reared in small postnatal fraternities had more antral follicles at weaning (3 wk) and fewer antral follicles at maturity (20 wk of age) than mice reared in large postnatal fraternities. No effect of either prenatal or postnatal fraternity size on other follicle populations was observed (p greater than 0.20). Numbers of Type 2 (primordial), Type 3a, and Type 3b follicles changed with age (p less than 0.01); numbers of primordial follicles declined with age, but numbers of Type 3a and 3b follicles increased. A hypothesis of a negative association between postnatal fraternity size and number of antral follicles at 3 wk of age was supported, but a hypothesis of a positive association between fraternity size and number of primordial follicles was not supported. PMID- 3219376 TI - Effects of an opioid antagonist on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the ewe vary with changes in steroid negative feedback. AB - In ewes during the breeding season, estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) synergistically regulate pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. E primarily inhibits LH pulse amplitude and P inhibits LH pulse frequency. To determine if endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) mediate these negative feedback effects, we administered the long-acting opioid antagonist WIN 44,441-3 (WIN) to intact ewes during the luteal and follicular phases of the estrous cycle and to ovariectomized ewes treated with no steroids, E, P, or E plus P. Steroid levels were maintained at levels seen during the estrous cycle by Silastic implants placed shortly after surgery. WIN increased LH pulse frequency, but not amplitude, in luteal phase ewes. In contrast, during the follicular phase, LH pulse amplitude was increased by WIN and pulse frequency was unchanged. Neither LH pulse frequency nor pulse amplitude was affected by WIN in long-term ovariectomized ewes untreated with steroids. In contrast, WIN slightly increased LH pulse frequency in short-term ovariectomized ewes. WIN also increased LH pulse frequency in ovariectomized ewes treated with P or E plus P. WIN did not affect pulse frequency but did increase LH pulse amplitude in E-treated ewes. These results support the hypothesis that EOP participate in the negative feedback effects of E and P on pulsatile LH secretion during the breeding season and that the inhibitory effects of EOP may persist for some time after ovariectomy. PMID- 3219377 TI - F prostaglandins function as potent olfactory stimulants that comprise the postovulatory female sex pheromone in goldfish. AB - This study establishes that ovulated female goldfish release F type prostaglandins (PGFs) to the water where they stimulate male spawning behavior and comprise the goldfish postovulatory pheromone. We first demonstrated that ovulated and prostaglandin-injected female goldfish release immunoreactive PGFs to the water. Next, using electro-olfactogram recording (EOG), we determined that waterborne prostaglandins function as potent olfactory stimulants for mature male goldfish. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and its metabolite 15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha (15K-PGF2 alpha) were the most potent prostaglandins; the former had a detection threshold of 10(-10) M and the latter a detection threshold of 10(-12) M. Studies of prostaglandin-injected fish indicated that PGF metabolites are an important component of the pheromone. Cross-adaptation experiments using the EOG demonstrated that goldfish have separate olfactory receptor sites for PGF2 alpha and 15K-PGF2 alpha that are independent from those that detect other olfactory stimulants. Finally, we established that male goldfish exposed to low concentrations of waterborne PGFs exhibit reproductive behaviors similar to those elicited by exposure to the odor of ovulated fish. Together with our recent discovery that a steroidal maturational hormone functions as a preovulatory "priming" pheromone for goldfish, these findings suggest that hormones and their metabolites may commonly serve as reproductive pheromones in fish. PMID- 3219378 TI - Patterns of progesterone secretion in free-living California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi). AB - During a long-term field study of a free-living population of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi), blood samples were drawn at regular intervals from marked females via femoral venipuncture, and plasma progesterone (P) and prolactin (PRL) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Marked fluctuations with season and reproductive condition occurred in circulating levels of both hormones, with peak levels occurring during the spring breeding season. Two peaks in P concentrations were observed each spring, the first occurring during pregnancy, and the second during lactation. Peak PRL levels in females were also reached during the lactation interval, midway between the two P peaks. Analysis of repeated measures from individual females showed a marked decline in circulating P around the time of parturition. Juveniles had lower mean P levels than adults, and yearlings had lower peak levels during their initial reproductive episodes than older females did. The observed pattern of P secretion in S. beecheyi differs from that known for most mammals, but resembles those reported for other ground-dwelling sciurid rodents. PMID- 3219379 TI - Age-related alterations in pulsatile luteinizing hormone release: effects of long term ovariectomy, repeated pregnancies and naloxone. AB - Aging of the female reproductive system may be regulated by changes at the hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian levels. Long-term ovariectomy (LT-OVX) and/or multiple pregnancies delay age-related deterioration of several parameters of reproductive potential in rodents. We tested whether long-term suppression of cyclic ovarian hormone release that is normally associated with the 4- to 5-day estrous cycle decelerates age-related decreases in the frequency of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses to assess whether hormonal milieu influences the rate of aging of the pulse generator. We determined the percentage of rats exhibiting pulsatile LH secretion, mean LH levels, and amplitude and frequency of LH pulses in seven groups of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Young (3-4 mo), middle-aged (8-10 mo), and old (18-22 mo) virgin rats, ovariectomized 4 wk (4WK-OVX) prior to experimentation, were used to determine the effect of age. The effect of long term ovarian hormone deprivation was tested by ovariectomizing rats at 2-3 mo of age and using them when they were middle-aged (8-10 months) or old (18-22 mo). The effect of deprivation of cyclic increases in ovarian hormones associated with repeated estrous cycles was tested by using retired breeder (RB) rats that had been ovariectomized 4 wk prior to experimentation. Each rat was implanted with a right atrial cannula and bled the next day at 10-min intervals for 3 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219380 TI - Antagonism of estrogen-induced prolactin release by progesterone. AB - Previous work from our laboratory has shown that during the process of nuclear occupancy of the progesterone receptor complex (1-2 h), nuclear estradiol receptors of the anterior pituitary are depleted. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the depletion of nuclear estradiol receptors by progesterone had functional biological significance. The ovariectomized (26 days of age) immature rat was used as the model for analysis of this question. The ability of estradiol to release prolactin from the anterior pituitary was the function chosen to determine the biological significance of the progesterone and estradiol interactions. In response to estradiol exposure (2 micrograms/rat), prolactin release reached peak values from 8 h to 12 h and returned to control levels by 24 h. A second injection of estradiol 13 h after the initial injection stimulated a second increase in serum prolactin at 25 h. This model of two injections of estradiol 13 h apart served to provide adequate levels of anterior pituitary progesterone receptors and elevated serum prolactin levels upon which superimposed progestin modulation could be examined. A single injection of progesterone (0.8 mg/kg BW) 1 h before the second estradiol injection blocked the increase in serum prolactin. This action was a receptor-mediated event because progesterone had no effect without estrogen priming or when the progesterone antagonist RU486 was used. Finally, when the interval between the progesterone and second estradiol injection was extended to 4 h, a time period when progesterone does not deplete pituitary nuclear estrogen receptors, the estrogen induced increase in serum prolactin was not blocked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219381 TI - Changes in serum and ovarian steroids during reproductive development in the female guinea pig. AB - This study was designed to measure ovarian hormones prior to and during the first estrous cycle in guinea pigs. Blood was obtained from 12 animals throughout the first estrous cycle. Ovaries and peripheral serum were obtained from 25 additional animals at various stages of development prior to and after first ovulation. Estradiol, progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone were measured in all sera and half of the ovaries. The remaining ovaries were fixed for histology. Serum estradiol was nondetectable until a few days before first ovulation, but was present in the ovary throughout development. Serum progesterone was nondetectable until the day of ovulation, but the luteal phase pattern was similar to that observed in adults. Serum androgens were detectable throughout development, with androstenedione higher than testosterone. The immature ovary contained more testosterone than androstenedione, but this pattern was reversed after ovulation. These results indicate that the immature ovary in the guinea pig contains minimal amounts of estradiol and progesterone, the first estrous cycle is similar to that in adults, and that the pattern of ovarian androgen content changes during the peripubertal period. PMID- 3219382 TI - Effect of maternal pinealectomy and reverse photoperiod on the circadian melatonin rhythm in the sheep and fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy. AB - The present study tested the hypothesis that the nocturnal melatonin rhythm in the fetal sheep results from transfer across the placenta of melatonin from maternal circulation. Pregnant ewes were exposed to an artificial reverse photoperiod at about 100 days gestation (n = 6; lights on 10 h, 2200-0800 h PST). This treatment tested for entrainment in the ewe and its fetus of the 24-h pattern of melatonin production from the pineal gland. Other ewes were pinealectomized at 55 days post-breeding (n = 6), and similarly treated. Catheters were implanted and blood samples were collected between 117 and 142 days gestation at two 48-h periods, about every 0.5-4 h, to assess the pattern of melatonin in maternal and fetal circulations. In pineal-intact ewes and their fetuses, melatonin rhythms conformed to the reverse photoperiod, i.e. plasma melatonin concentrations were relatively low during the light period and significantly increased for the duration of darkness. In contrast, maternal pinealectomy abolished the melatonin rhythms in both the ewe and fetus; melatonin concentrations remained at or below the limits of detection. Pineal-intact sheep gave birth about 139 +/- 2 days (mean +/- SE, n = 4) at 1915 +/- 0.7 h and pinealectomized ewes (n = 5 of 6) lambed at 149 +/- 2 days at 0424 +/- 0.5 h. Finally, in lambs (n = 3) born to pinealectomized ewes, typical melatonin rhythms were present within the first week of life. The findings indicate that the maternal pineal gland is responsible for the 24-h pattern of melatonin in the ewe and its fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 3219384 TI - Correlation between diameter and DNA or protein synthetic activity in rabbit blastocysts. AB - Noninvasive parameters are desirable to assess viability of preimplantation embryos. The objective of the present study was to investigate how noninvasive morphometric criteria are related to invasive metabolic parameters. In Day 4 and 5 noncultured and Day 4 in vitro-cultured rabbit blastocysts, diameters as well as DNA or protein synthesis (by incorporation of tritiated precursors) were measured. From the diameter of the blastocyst, total volume of embryonic cells was calculated and used for statistical analysis. In noncultured controls, cellular volume and thymidine, leucine, or methionine incorporation were highly correlated, with coefficients of correlation ranging between 0.7 and 0.9. The calculated equations of regression were linear. Blastocysts cultured for 24 or 48 h in medium supplemented with uterine flushings showed comparable coefficients of correlation and regression. After culture in serum-supplemented medium, however, a less close relationship was found, with statistically significant lower coefficients of correlation and regression. Our results demonstrate the following: (1) There is a close relationship between blastocyst diameter and metabolic criteria in noncultured rabbit blastocysts, indicating that simple measurement of the diameter of a useful tool for assessment of blastocyst metabolic activity. (2) In cultured blastocysts, however, measurement of diameter is of doubtful validity due to a substantially altered embryonic metabolism in vitro. (3) Blastocysts cultured in medium that contained uterine flushings maintained normal expansion and metabolic activity for some time. PMID- 3219383 TI - Alkaline phosphatase is a marker for myoid cells in cultures of rat peritubular and tubular tissue. AB - We have studied the distribution of histochemically detectable alkaline phosphatase in cultures of seminiferous tubule fragments and of peritubular cells from prepubertal rats. The same material also was immunohistochemically evaluated for the presence of desmin-containing intermediate filaments. The comparative analysis of alkaline phosphatase and desmin positivity shows that alkaline phosphatase histochemistry selectively detects desmin-containing contractile cells in tubular and peritubular cell cultures. We propose alkaline phosphatase as a novel marker for myoid cells that can be of help in screening, defining, and eventually standardizing the exact composition of peritubular cell cultures, a model that is of increasing interest in the study of cellular interactions in the testis. PMID- 3219385 TI - Vitamin requirements for development of eight-cell hamster embryos to hatching blastocysts in vitro. AB - We have shown in previous studies that development of 8-cell hamster embryos to hatching and hatched blastocysts in vitro is stimulated by the addition to the culture medium of a group of 11 water-soluble vitamins and growth factors from Ham's F10 medium. In the present study, the requirement for each of these vitamins for blastocyst hatching was examined by using a chemically defined protein-free medium. Eight-cell hamster embryos were cultured for 3 days either in medium with all 11 vitamins or in media with a single vitamin omitted at a time or in medium without any vitamins. The only vitamins whose omission caused a significant decrease in blastocyst hatching at any stage were inositol, pantothenate, and choline, with the omission of inositol having the most severe effect. This finding was confirmed in a subsequent experiment in which the addition of these 3 vitamins stimulated the same degree of hatching as all 11 vitamins. PMID- 3219386 TI - Characterization of matrix domains of the hamster acrosome. AB - In this study we describe the purification and the structural and biochemical properties of a detergent-stable complex of the hamster sperm acrosome. This complex consists of two distinct acrosomal matrix domains and a layer of electron dense material, termed the acrosomal lamina, derived from the luminal surface of the outer acrosomal membrane. This complex has been isolated by centrifugation of detergent-extracted sperm suspensions on Percoll density gradients. The complex contains two major polypeptides of Mr 29,000 and Mr 22,000 and minor polypeptides of Mr 64,000-62,000, 56,000 and 35,000. Gelatin-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels demonstrate that bands of proteinase activity are not the major polypeptide components of the complex. These data demonstrate that the matrix of the acrosome is compartmentalized into domains of differing structural properties that occupy specific locations in the intact acrosome and that matrix components are physically associated with the outer acrosomal membrane. These data indicate that a structural framework is present within the acrosome and we speculate that it may be involved in sequestering hydrolases into specific spatial domains and could affect the temporal release of activity of selected hydrolases during the acrosome reaction. PMID- 3219387 TI - Size distribution of ferret luteal cells during pregnancy. AB - Steroidogenic cells in the corpus luteum of the ferret (Mustela putorius) during early (Days 6 and 13) to midpregnancy (Day 24) were characterized using electron microscopy, immunocytochemical localization of neurophysin, and smears of dispersed cells obtained by dissociating luteal cells with collagenase. The latter were stained for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity, and the diameters of the cells were determined with an ocular micrometer. Very small cells (less than 12 microns) stained negative for 3 beta HSD, occurred in clumps of 5-50 cells, and were presumed to be primarily endothelial cells. 3 beta-HSD-positive cells covered a wide spectrum of sizes ranging from 14 to 56 microns and did not exist as two discrete populations. The ratio of small (less than 25 microns) to large (greater than 25 microns) cells was 1.86:1.0 on Day 6, with the 17- to 20-microns cell size class predominating. On the day of implantation (Day 13), about 75% of the cells ranged from 26 to 50 microns, with the 29-microns size predominating. By Day 24, the ratio of small-to large cells had declined to 0.15. Nearly 90% of the cells were in the 26- to 56 microns range, the predominant size being 35 microns. All size classes of luteal cells stained negative for neurophysin on all 3 days of pregnancy studied. Luteal cells obtained on Days 6, 13, and 24 of pregnancy failed to reveal any evidence of mitosis after in vivo or in vitro colchicine treatment. We interpret these results as indicating that the 3 beta-HSD-positive luteal cells of ferrets progressively increase in size as small luteal cells complete their differentiation from granulosa cells and ultimately form larger luteal cells with somewhat different ultrastructural characteristics. PMID- 3219388 TI - Purification, characterization, and immunocytochemical localization of the major basic protein of pig blastocysts. AB - The major basic protein (BP) synthesized and secreted by elongating pig blastocysts was purified from medium of Day 14-17 conceptus cultures. Sequential ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatographies resulted in isolation of BP as a single polypeptide of Mr = 43,100 or 42,800 under denaturing or native conditions, respectively. BP was found to be a glycoprotein by incorporation of [3H] glucosamine and susceptibility to N-glycopeptidase F. Two BP polypeptides were produced by N-glycopeptidase F (Mr = 39,800 and 36,300). Antiserum to BP immunoprecipitated radiolabeled BP from blastocyst culture medium. BP was not detected in medium from 1-2 mm diameter spherical (Day 10) blastocysts but was found in medium from 3-5 mm spherical (Day 10) and filamentous (less than 50 cm, Day 12) conceptuses, suggesting that BP synthesis and secretion began at the initiation of trophoblast expansion. With immunocytochemical procedures, BP was located in the apical cytoplasm of trophectoderm cells of Day 11 expanding (5-7 and 10-20 mm) blastocysts. These results suggest that trophoblast epithelium secrete BP apically toward the uterine lumen and that BP may play a role in maternal-fetal interactions during the peri-implantation period. PMID- 3219389 TI - Two-cell block to development of cultured hamster embryos is caused by phosphate and glucose. AB - The failure of hamster 2-cell embryos to develop in vitro (2-cell block) was examined with experiments in which concentrations of glucose and phosphate in the culture medium were varied. Embryos were cultured in a protein-free modified Tyrode's solution that normally contains 5.0 mM glucose and 0.35 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate. In the presence of 0.35 mM phosphate but without glucose, 23% of 2-cell embryos reached the 4-cell stage or further after culture for 1 day and 27% after 2 days. Glucose inhibited embryo development even at 0.1 mM (4% development to greater than or equal to 4-cells after culture for 2 days); there was no dose-related inhibition above this glucose concentration. In a second experiment, phosphate levels were varied in the absence of glucose. Phosphate was highly inhibitory to development, with 97% of 2-cell embryos reaching the 4-cell stage or further after culture for 1 day in the absence of phosphate compared to 9-21% in the presence of 0.1-1.05 mM phosphate. After culture for 2 days, 26% of embryos reached the 8-cell stage or further when phosphate was absent compared to 0% development to 8-cells with 0.1 mM phosphate or higher. In a factorial experiment, phosphate blocked development when glucose was present or absent, whereas glucose did not block embryo development in the absence of phosphate. However, 2-deoxyglucose (a non-metabolizable analogue of glucose) inhibited embryo development in the absence of phosphate. These data show that the in vitro block to development of hamster 2-cell embryos is caused at least in part by glucose and/or phosphate. Deletion of these compounds from the culture medium eliminates the 2-cell block to development in virtually all embryos, and approximately 25-75% of embryos develop to the 8-cell or morula stages in vitro. The observations provide a possible explanation for the 2-cell and 4-cell blocks that occur in conventional culture media: stimulation of glycolysis by glucose and/or phosphate may result in inefficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. The data indicate marked dissimilarities in the regulation of in vitro development of early cleavage stage hamster embryos compared with embryos of inbred mice, since the latter have an inactive glycolytic pathway prior to the 8-cell stage of development and will grow from 1-cell to blastocyst with both phosphate and glucose in the culture medium. PMID- 3219390 TI - Pachytene spermatocyte proteins influence Sertoli cell function. AB - Isolated Sertoli cells were cultured on MatrigelTM-coated Millipore filters in bicameral chambers. The Sertoli cells form confluent epithelial sheets that, by virtue of the Sertoli cell tight junctions, form transepithelial permeability barriers between the apical and basal domains of the cells. These Sertoli cells secrete metabolically labeled proteins in a polarized manner. Three peptides, P1 (pI = 4.5-5.0, MW = 70,000), P2 (pI = 4.5-5.0, MW = 50,000), and P3 (pI = 4.0 4.7, MW = 34,000) are secreted apically from the epithelial sheets of Sertoli cells and are not found in basal secretions from the same Sertoli cells. Pachytene spermatocyte-conditioned medium contains proteins released from the germ cells that are uniquely different from the Sertoli cell-secreted proteins. Addition of the pachytene spermatocyte-conditioned medium to the apical reservoir of the bicameral chambers over an epithelial sheet of Sertoli cells stimulated the synthesis and secretion of total protein, transferrin, and specifically induced peptides S1 and S2 from Sertoli cells. As controls, conditioned medium from 3T3 fibroblasts and round spermatids did not stimulate the Sertoli cells. Hence, the ability of pachytene spermatocyte proteins to induce specific Sertoli cell secretion indicates that the pachytene spermatocytes are able to influence their surrounding milieu, and provides further support to the concept of a paracrine interaction between germ cells and Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis. PMID- 3219391 TI - Motility of rat spermatozoa at the site of fertilization. AB - This study was undertaken to examine the factors that may affect the numbers and motility patterns of spermatozoa at the site of fertilization. The contents of the oviductal ampullae of previously mated cycling or superovulated immature rats were examined microscopically. We determined whether spermatozoa were free or associated with cells and whether they exhibited hyperactivated motility, forward progressive motility, or were immotile. These data were correlated with the percentage of fertilized eggs. In addition, the beat pattern of hyperactivated spermatozoa was characterized by using high-speed video microscopy. At the time when half of the eggs were fertilized, ampullae of cycling rats contained an average of less than one motile spermatozoon per ampulla. Most of these motile spermatozoa were hyperactivated. About half of these were free in the ampulla and about half were in the cumulus or zona pellucida. Hyperactivated spermatozoa displayed a nonprogressive whiplash wave form with a high amplitude recovery stroke similar to that described in hamster and guinea pig spermatozoa capacitated in vitro. In addition to motile spermatozoa, we counted about three immotile spermatozoa for each motile spermatozoon. In superovulated, immature female rats, we found about ten times as many spermatozoa in each category as in cycling rats. From our observations, it is clear that very few spermatozoa reach the ampulla of the oviduct. Furthermore our observations suggest that in cycling rats progressively swimming spermatozoa may become hyperactivated shortly after entering the ampulla of the oviduct. They probably enter the cumulus mass within a short time or become immotile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219392 TI - Morphometric studies on hamster testes in gonadally active and inactive states: light microscope findings. AB - This study provides quantitative information on the testes of seasonally breeding golden hamsters during active and regressed states of gonadal activity. Seminiferous tubules occupied 92.5% of testis volume in adult gonadally active animals. Leydig cells constituted 1.4% of the testicular volume. The mean volume of an individual Leydig cell was 1092 microns 3, and each testis contained about 25.4 million Leydig cells. The volume of an average Sertoli cell nucleus during stage VII-VIII of the cycle was 502 microns 3. A gram of hamster testis during the active state of gonadal activity contained 44.5 million Sertoli cells, and the entire testis contained approximately 73.8 million Sertoli cells. Testes of the hamsters exposed to short photoperiods for 12-13 wk displayed a 90% reduction in testis volume that was associated with a decrease in the volume of seminiferous tubules (90.8% reduction), tubular lumena (98.8%), interstitium (72.7%), Leydig cell compartment (79.3%), individual Leydig cells (69.7%), Leydig cell nuclei (50.0%), blood vessels (85.5%), macrophages (68.9%), and Sertoli cell nuclei (34.1%). The diameter (61.1%) and the length (36.8%) of the seminiferous tubules were also decreased. Although the number of Leydig cells per testis was significantly lower (p less than 0.02) after short-photoperiod exposure, the number of Sertoli cells per testis remained unchanged. The individual Sertoli cell in gonadally active hamsters accommodated, on the average, 2.27 pre leptotene spermatocytes, 2.46 pachytene spermatocytes, and 8.17 round spermatids; the corresponding numbers in the regressed testes were 0.96, 0.20, and 0.04, respectively. The striking differences in the testicular structure between the active and regressed states of gonadal activity follow photoperiod-induced changes in endocrine function and suggest that the golden hamster may be used as a model to study structure-function relationships in the testis. PMID- 3219393 TI - Stability of polypeptide conformational states. II. Folding of a polypeptide chain by the scanning simulation method, and calculation of the free energy of the statistical coil. PMID- 3219394 TI - Alpha-helix-to-random-coil transitions of two-chain coiled coils: experiments on the thermal denaturation of beta beta tropomyosin cross-linked selectively at C 190. PMID- 3219395 TI - Molecular dynamics of structural transitions and intercalation in DNA. PMID- 3219396 TI - Counterion exchange reactions on DNA: Monte Carlo and Poisson-Boltzmann analysis. PMID- 3219397 TI - On the multiple-minima problem in the conformational analysis of polypeptides. II. An electrostatically driven Monte Carlo method--tests on poly(L-alanine). PMID- 3219398 TI - Helix-coil dynamics of a Z-helix hairpin. PMID- 3219399 TI - The ligation and flexibility of four-arm DNA junctions. PMID- 3219401 TI - Thermodynamics of the B to Z transition in poly(dGdC). PMID- 3219400 TI - Structure-activity relationship of tetrapeptides related to dermorphin: a 500-MHz 1H-nmr study. PMID- 3219402 TI - Dynamic light-scattering study of synthetic myosin filaments. PMID- 3219403 TI - Micellization and interactions with phospholipid vesicles of the lipopeptide iturin A, as monitored by time-resolved fluorescence of a D-tyrosyl residue. PMID- 3219404 TI - Metal-induced sequential transitions among DNA conformations. PMID- 3219405 TI - The interaction of multiply charged intercalating heterocycles with DNA. PMID- 3219407 TI - Statistical mechanical theory of melting transition in supercoiled DNA. PMID- 3219406 TI - Highly cooperative binding to DNA by a histone-like, sperm-specific protein from Spisula solidissima. PMID- 3219408 TI - Binding of nogalamycin to model tetranucleotides. PMID- 3219409 TI - Simple methods for estimation of prednisone intake and metabolism. AB - For patients treated with high doses of prednisone (over 40 mg/day) laboratory follow-up is important, particularly when the therapeutic response does not correlate with the dose of prednisone prescribed. Taking advantage of the similarity in structure of prednisone to cortisone and of prednisolone to cortisol we evaluated simple, inexpensive methods for the assessment of prednisone and prednisolone intake and bio-availability. Free urinary prednisolone was estimated by radioimmunoassay for cortisol and found to be linearly correlated with the dose of prednisone administered (r = 0.9310). Levels of free prednisolone were 6.5-11% of the dose of prednisone per day. Free and metabolized prednisone and prednisolone were estimated as 17-OHCS in the 24-hr urine collection. Total, conjugated and free 17-OHCS were linearly correlated with the dose of prednisone, the best correlation being with total 17-OHCS (r = 0.9060). About 40% of the prednisone administered was secreted as total 17-OHCS. PMID- 3219410 TI - Thyroglobulin secretion by cultured human thyroid cells from cold nodules. AB - An elevated serum thyroglobulin level has been demonstrated in patients with cold nodules, without determination of the exact cause. In this preliminary study, we examined thyroglobulin production in vitro by cells from cold nodules and compared it to that of normal cells taken from the contralateral lobe of the same patient. Cells were cultured in monolayer and in collagen gel. Differences were observed between normal and pathological cells depending upon the culture model. We have attempted to interpret these differences which could result from anomalies in the pathological cells at the level of the apical membrane. PMID- 3219411 TI - Proliferative activity of hemopoietic stem cell in splenectomized mice under antigenic effect. PMID- 3219413 TI - The role of biotechnology in bioartificial or hybrid artificial cells and organs. PMID- 3219412 TI - Human gene mapping 9. Paris conference (1987). Ninth International Workshop on Human Gene Mapping. PMID- 3219414 TI - Particle migration from haemodialysis circuit: electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. AB - It has been recognized that storage inflammation in organs of uraemic patients is due to silicone particle migration from tubing segments of the haemodialysis circuit to blood. Nevertheless, iatrogenic storage of foreign material containing Si has been also observed in long-term dialysis patients which, in our Unit, used only PVC or PU-PVC tubings. The origin and the nature of the particulate has been investigated in vivo and in vitro on bioptical samples as well as on cuprophan dialyser and PVC tubing eluates. This study carried out by means of TEM, SEM and microprobe EDS revealed the presence of variously shaped material and particles containing Si in bioptical samples and in eluates. Si containing contaminants were not demonstrated in eluates filtered in absence of the dialyser. This result suggests that leachable products can result from the dialyser and that such release can be an additional risk for uraemic patients. PMID- 3219416 TI - Collagen based biomaterials: an ideal way of increasing their resistance to infection. AB - Collagen and gelatin containing biomaterials are relatively more susceptible to bacterial infection. Systemic administration or local delivery of antibiotics after implantation does not seem to solve the problem either effectively or easily. Antibiotics may be incorporated in the implant; but many, being water soluble, are quickly absorbed and not effective for adequate time periods. Resorcinol monoacetate (RMA) is a relatively water insoluble antibacterial agent which partially crosslinks collagen and has the potential to be an intrinsic antibiotic in collagenous bioprostheses. This study confirms the efficacy of RMA as a chemical that: (a) mildly crosslinks collagen at pH 3.5-4.5; (b) releases very slowly from the pretreated collagen sponge when washed in aqueous medium; (c) inhibits bacterial growth on the pretreated collagen sponges, at 2% (w/w) concentration, for at least 12 days; (d) remains biocompatible under treated conditions. PMID- 3219415 TI - Microencapsulation of mammalian cells in a hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer: preliminary development. AB - Erythrocytes were microencapsulated in a thermoplastic copolymer of poly-2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate (79% mole%) - co-methyl methacrylate (21 mole %) with little apparent initial cell lysis. Droplets of cell suspension and polymer solution were blown from the tip of a coaxial needle assembly into a receiving bath of hexadecane over phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing a low concentration of nonionic surfactant. Capsules were trapped at the hexadecane/PBS interface where they were cured by the removal of polymer solvent to precipitate a polymer coating around the cell suspension. Important principles which were considered in the development of the successful process, included the need to prevent intermixing of polymer solution and cell suspension, to fully surround the cells with polymer solution prior to precipitation, and to prevent direct mixing of the curing bath with the polymer solution. PMID- 3219417 TI - Degradation of explanted polyurethane cardiac pacing leads and of polyurethane. AB - Polyurethane cardiac pacing leads explanted at autopsy and from reoperated patients were examined for degradation in the insulation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed cracks on the polyurethane surface which were both parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lead. Surface analyses of leads were performed using Fourier-Transform Infra-red (FT-IR) spectrophotometry in the attenuated total reflectance mode. The FT-IR spectra of visibly deteriorated polyurethane from explanted lead sheaths were compared with that of unused polyurethane tubing used for such sheaths. Changes were most evident in the regions of 3000-2800, 1730 and 1368 cm-1. The observed alterations in the FT-IR spectra were consistent with a degradation mechanism involving oxidative chain cleavage in the polyurethane amorphous regions. New polyurethane tubing (Pellethane-Type 80A) was exposed to sodium hypochlorite to simulate a possible in-vivo process and generate reference material. Degradation with associated decreases in tensile strength and molecular weight was recorded. This study showed that polyurethane insulation used in pacing leads is susceptible to oxidative degradation. PMID- 3219418 TI - Controlled release of adriamycin HCl from polymeric needle devices. AB - Two types of polymeric needle devices (reservoir type and matrix type) were prepared. The release behavior and mechanism of adriamycin HCl from these needle devices were investigated and deduced. Adriamycin HCl released from reservoir type needle devices exhibited a zero order release kinetic, but a Higuchi membrane-diffusion controlled model was shown in matrix type needle devices. A lag time and burst effect were obtained in reservoir type and matrix needle devices, respectively. The release of adriamycin HCl from these needle devices was controlled and can be monitored by adding a hydrophilic or hydrophobic additive. PMID- 3219419 TI - Biomat 88. Hybrid artificial organs: concepts and developments. Bordeaux, France, October 18,19 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3219421 TI - [Psychological implications of cancer. II. Consequences of treatment and modality of adaptation]. AB - The psychological adaptation of the patient to neoplastic disease is based on various mechanisms related to the patient's personality, psychological resources, as well as to the available familial and social support. The various members of the care team play a major role: the nurses who are closest to the patient, the physicians who are the persons of reference, the psychologists and psychiatrists whose analysis and support help the patients in coping with the situation. Various methods are currently proposed to assess the psychological disorders and adaptation, but frequently, they have not been validated for the specific situation. Cancer therapies can induce major psychological disorders directly related to their side-effects: alopecia, stomatitis, gastro-intestinal toxicity, etc. Maximal care of these side-effects is important in order to prevent or reduce their psychological consequences. The psychological adaptation will also depend on the various phases of the disease: information at time of diagnosis must be adapted to patient's demand. The psychological support should be continuously offered, even during complete remission and return to normal life, which is often characterized by anxiety and fear of relapse. Consecutive relapses increase the feeling of precariousness and can lead to discouragement when a patient approaches the terminal phase. PMID- 3219420 TI - [Psychological implications of cancer. I. Psychological consequences of the disease]. AB - The psychological consequences of cancer are most frequently reactive and do not constitute a major psychiatric illness. Anxiety and depression are the two main psychological disorders which occur frequently but with variable intensity according to the type of disease, its course, as well as the individual and social background of the patient. Physical factors such as digestive disorders, pain, mutilation and sterility can undermine the psychological adaptation. Cognitive impairment is generally due to neurological localizations of the disease or to metabolic abnormalities. The interrelationship between somatic and psychological factors must be carefully analyzed in order to recognize the determinants of suffering and abnormal coping or behavior. PMID- 3219422 TI - [Quality of life of cancer patients and the education of nursing personnel]. PMID- 3219423 TI - [Colorectal cancer in Madagascar. A study of 81 cases diagnosed and treated at the Antananarivo General Hospital]. AB - Colorectal adenocarcinoma are rare in Madagascar. Over a period of 8 years, such tumors were treated in the cancerology and surgery departments of Antananarivo. The low incidence and the relative young age at the time of diagnosis are comparable to observations made in other developing countries. Men represent 47 of the cases and women 34. On the average, patients were 52.3 years old (range: 23-78 years). The most frequent early symptoms are rectorrhagia (26 cases) for rectal cancer, abdominal pain (9 cases) and transit bowel disorders (9 cases) for colon cancer. Between the first symptom and diagnosis, the average delay is 8.5 months (range: 2 days-37 months). No risk factor was found. Thirteen patients did not receive any treatment, 8 were only submitted to radiotherapy and 60 were surgically treated with a curative intent in 26 cases, a palliative one in 32 cases and for diagnosis in 2 cases. Among the 63 tumors available for modified Dukes' classification of Astler-Coller, 9.5% are stage B1, 23.8% are stage B2, 11% are stage C1, 15.9% are stage C2 and 39.7% are stage D; there are no stage A. There is no epidemiological particularity for these cancers in Madagascar. The poor prognosis is probably mainly related to a lack of appropriate medical and surgical facilities. PMID- 3219425 TI - Mercurial induced changes in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysical complex in relation to reproduction in the teleostean fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). PMID- 3219426 TI - Biochemical alterations after single oral dose of monocrotophos in Bubalus bubalis. PMID- 3219424 TI - [Advanced carcinoma of the oropharynx: the value of induction chemotherapy before locoregional treatment. A retrospective study of 138 cases]. AB - Induction chemotherapy in oropharynx carcinomas had demonstrated overall response rates of 80%, but no overall survival benefit have been reported. In order to determine the value of induction chemotherapy for these patients, we conducted a retrospective study: 86 patients were treated with chemotherapy (CT) and RT (group 1) and 52 patients were treated by radiotherapy (RT) alone (group 2). All patients had T3 or T4 tumors. CT used was cisplatinum based associated with bleomycin and vincristine or vindesine and actually with 5 fluoro-uracil. Objective response to the CT was observed for 34% patients. Five years actuarial survival rate was 18% for group 1 and 17% for group 2. Patterns of failure were identical in the 2 groups. A difference was observed only for patients with N3 nodes (24% 5 years survival rate in group 1 versus 6% in group 2) (P = 0.05). According to the histologic differentiation, the tumor site or the type of CT, no difference was observed. We concluded that this study failed to demonstrate an advantage for induction chemotherapy in advanced oropharynx carcinoma excepted for patients with N3 nodes. PMID- 3219427 TI - Changes in nitrogen metabolism of penaeid prawn, Penaeus indicus, during sublethal phosphamidon and methylparathion-induced stress. PMID- 3219428 TI - Effect of an anionic detergent on the lipid moieties of various cell types in the opercular epidermis of Rita rita. PMID- 3219429 TI - Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate induced peroxidative stress in rat liver. PMID- 3219430 TI - Acute toxicity of cyanogen chloride to Daphnia magna. PMID- 3219431 TI - Combined toxicity of copper, cadmium, zinc, lead, nickel, and chrome to the copepod Tisbe holothuriae. PMID- 3219432 TI - Differential courtship activity and alterations of reproductive success of competing guppy males (Poecilia reticulata Peters; Pisces: Poeciliidae) as an indicator for low concentrations of aquatic pollutants. PMID- 3219433 TI - Toxicity of potash brines to early developmental stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). PMID- 3219434 TI - Changes in food [Chlorella] levels and the acute toxicity of cadmium to Daphnia carinata (Daphnidae) and Echinisca triserialis (Macrothricidae) [Crustacea: Cladocera]. PMID- 3219435 TI - Sublethal toxicity and accumulation of cadmium in Tilapia aurea. PMID- 3219436 TI - Determination of lead in treated crayfish Procambarus clarkii: accumulation in different tissues. PMID- 3219437 TI - Nitrate assimilation in intact and excised maize leaves in the presence of lead. PMID- 3219438 TI - Environmental sampling of lead near a battery reprocessing factory. PMID- 3219439 TI - A BASIC computer program for speciation of total and ion copper in toxicological bioassays. PMID- 3219440 TI - Occurrence of benzo[a]pyrene in combustion effluents of kerosene and diesel burners. PMID- 3219441 TI - Volatile halocarbons in butter: elevated tetrachloroethylene levels in samples obtained in close proximity to dry-cleaning establishments. PMID- 3219442 TI - A couple stress model of blood flow in the microcirculation. PMID- 3219443 TI - HIV spread in the San Francisco cohort: scaling of the effective logistic rate for seropositivity. PMID- 3219444 TI - Persistence in discrete age-structured population models. PMID- 3219445 TI - Subcellular distribution of compounds in biosystems. PMID- 3219446 TI - On the validity of the steady state assumption of enzyme kinetics. PMID- 3219447 TI - An extremal criterion for epimorphic regeneration. PMID- 3219448 TI - Stationary mutant distributions and evolutionary optimization. PMID- 3219450 TI - [Asymptomatic myocardial ischemia: which tests? Which treatment?]. PMID- 3219449 TI - Time-dependent subpopulation induction in heterogeneous tumors. PMID- 3219451 TI - [Hormones and meat: toxicologic significance of residues and practical aspects of their control]. PMID- 3219452 TI - [The treatment of intracranial arterial aneurysm. Early or late surgery?]. PMID- 3219454 TI - Treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration of drug dependent persons. PMID- 3219453 TI - [Specificity of respiratory function in bovines in physiologic and pathologic conditions]. PMID- 3219455 TI - An acupuncture programme for the treatment of drug-addicted persons. AB - Over the past 13 years, Lincoln Hospital, New York City, has used acupuncture as the primary method of treatment for drug-addicted persons. The programme receives, on a daily out-patient basis, 200 drug-addicted persons for detoxification. Acupuncture relieves withdrawal symptoms, prevents the craving for drugs and increases the rate of participation of patients in long-term treatment programmes. The best results have been obtained by treating patients in an open-group setting, using acupuncture points in the external ear with needles without electrical stimulation. The same points are used at each visit, regardless of the type of drug to which the person is addicted. This method is also used for the treatment of persons suffering from stress. The National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) has conducted successful training programmes for physicians and related staff in using the technique and philosophy of traditional Chinese acupuncture. These training programmes usually include courses in counseling skills, ethical responsibilities and sterilization procedures that are appropriate to local conditions. NADA has begun to operate a pilot programme to treat approximately 1,000 drug abusers and people who are under a high level of stress, which may lead them to the abuse of drugs. It is assumed that acupuncture, in conjunction with other drug-demand reduction programmes, can make a significant impact on the illicit demand for drugs by reaching this entire range of patients. PMID- 3219456 TI - School programmes in drug rehabilitation and social reintegration in the Philippines. AB - In recognition of the role of education in the process of the social reintegration of drug-dependent persons, the Dangerous Drugs Board, the Philippines' highest policy-making and co-ordinating body on all matters pertaining to drug abuse control, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports, and other drug-rehabilitation centres have jointly initiated and are implementing a formal school programme at the secondary level, within the confines of rehabilitation centres. Thus far, a built-in school programme has been established in the three rehabilitation centres existing in the country, from which 500 individuals have graduated. A follow-up study is currently underway to determine the effect that these programmes have had with respect to the successful reintegration of those individuals into community life. PMID- 3219457 TI - Characteristics of a population undergoing treatment for drug addiction in a therapeutic community setting in Spain. AB - The authors discuss the findings of a study of the personal history characteristics of a population of 223 individuals who underwent treatment for drug addiction at the Masma Therapeutic Community, Lugo, Spain, during the period September 1984 to March 1986. The population consisted of 58 females and 165 males, predominantly from middle-class backgrounds. Nearly all were multiple drug abusers, cannabis and heroin being the most widely abused drugs. Over half the population received treatment prior to admission to the Masma Community for the abuse of either barbiturates or opiates. The research instrument used was a self report questionnaire, completed by participants anonymously and on a voluntary basis. It included items relating to personal and family background, aspects of drug abuse and type of prior treatment. PMID- 3219458 TI - Follow-up study of heroin-addicted persons admitted for treatment in Barcelona. AB - A follow-up study of 73 heroin-addicted persons three years after their first visit for treatment in 1981 to the Department of the Prevention of Drug Dependence and Guidance and Treatment of Drug Dependent Persons at Barcelona, Spain, was compared to a study of the same persons carried out after one year. The comparison showed that after one year 37 per cent of the cases had a favourable and 36 per cent an unfavourable outcome; for 27 per cent of the cases, information was lacking. After three years, 56 per cent showed a favourable and 30.3 per cent an unfavourable outcome; for 13.7 per cent information was lacking. Certain factors, such as a longer duration of treatment, a change in residence from an urban to a rural environment and treatment in a therapeutic community, were found to have enhanced the likelihood of achieving favourable results. Detoxification when not supplemented with supportive measures aimed at rehabilitation had a poor outcome. PMID- 3219459 TI - The future of lasers in cancer therapy. PMID- 3219460 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 3219462 TI - Paraoesophageal hernia: the potential for disaster. PMID- 3219463 TI - Invasive Paneth cell-rich adenocarcinoma of the duodenum. PMID- 3219461 TI - Causes of compulsive shoplifting. PMID- 3219465 TI - Organ donors' rights. PMID- 3219464 TI - Towards achieving a balance for women doctors? PMID- 3219466 TI - The need for part-time work. PMID- 3219468 TI - Increasing the safety of gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 3219467 TI - Advantages of prolonging EEG recording in epilepsy. PMID- 3219469 TI - How urgent is HBO therapy in CO poisoning? PMID- 3219470 TI - Pinacidil opens K+-selective channels causing hyperpolarization and relaxation of noradrenaline contractions in rat mesenteric resistance vessels. AB - 1. The effects of pinacidil on noradrenaline-induced tone, smooth muscle membrane potential and 42K- and 86Rb-efflux from isolated mesenteric resistance vessels (internal diameter 200 microns) of the rat have been studied. 2. Pinacidil (0.3 10 microM) produced concentration-dependent suppression of noradrenaline-induced tone. 3. Pinacidil (0.3-10 microM) caused concentration-dependent hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle. 4. In rat resistance vessels loaded with 42K, pinacidil (1-10 microM) significantly increased the 42K-efflux rate constant. 5. With the use of 86Rb as a marker for K+, 1 microM pinacidil did not affect the 86Rb-efflux rate constant, while 10 microM pinacidil transiently increased the 86Rb rate constant. 6. The results indicate that the relaxant action of pinacidil in these vessels is due to the opening of K+-channels and consequent hyperpolarization. The K+-channels opened are selective for 42K over 86Rb. PMID- 3219471 TI - A comparison of the effects of the calcium entry blockers, verapamil, diltiazem and flunarizine against contractions of the rat isolated aorta and portal vein. AB - 1. The actions of the chemically distinct calcium entry blockers, verapamil (Ver), diltiazem (Dlz) and flunarizine (Flu) have been compared in rat isolated aorta and portal vein. 2. KCl-induced contractions of the rat aorta depend exclusively upon extracellular Ca2+, whereas, those induced by noradrenaline (NA) rely upon Ca2+ from intra- and extracellular sources. The NA-induced contraction was pharmacologically dissected under Ca2+-free conditions revealing a contraction dependent upon intracellular Ca2+ (EGTA-resistant response) or a low concentration of prazosin which left a contraction which was mediated by extracellular Ca2+ (prazosin-resistant response). 3. The portal vein produced spontaneous rhythmic contractions and a sustained contraction to NA and KCl; however, all responses appeared to depend exclusively upon extracellular Ca2+. 4. In the aorta, contractions which might be expected to depend upon Ca2+-entry through voltage-operated channels (KCl-induced contraction) showed similar sensitivities to Ver, Dlz and Flu whereas, marked differences in the sensitivity to these agents was noted against contractions which appear to depend upon Ca2+ entry through receptor-operated channels (prazosin-resistant response). Only Dlz reduced contractions mediated by intracellular Ca2+ (EGTA-resistant response). 5. In the portal vein, Ver and Dlz caused similar pronounced reductions of spontaneous and NA of KCl-induced contractions. In contrast, these contractions of the portal vein were unaffected by Flu except at a concentration of 10 microM. However, contractions induced by addition of Ca2+ (0-14 mM) to previously depolarized portal veins could be reduced by Flu (100 nM-10 microM). 6. The present study indicates that in the rat aorta, contractions mediated by intracellular Ca2+ and depolarization or receptor-activated Ca2+ entry can be pharmacologically dissected and that these processes show different sensitivities to calcium entry blockade. Of the agents tested, Ver displays the properties most commonly associated with an ideal calcium entry blocker. Ca2+-activation mechanisms in the portal vein differ from those in the aorta resulting in a different spectrum of selectivity of the calcium entry blockers studied. PMID- 3219472 TI - Nifedipine kinetics in the rat and relationship between its serum concentrations and uterine and cardiovascular effects. AB - 1. The kinetics of nifedipine and the relationship between its serum concentration and uterine and cardiovascular effects were investigated in 3 groups of animals. These were ovariectomized (ovx) anaesthetized non-pregnant rats following bolus i.v. injection (400 micrograms kg-1) and during 300 min infusion (10 micrograms kg-1 min-1) and ovx, progesterone-treated late pregnant rats during infusion. Also, the kinetics were determined in ovary-intact late pregnant rats following bolus i.v. injection (400 micrograms kg-1). 2. Measurement of serum nifedipine concentrations after bolus i.v. injection in ovx non-pregnant rats showed a biexponential decay with time from which the following parameters were calculated: V beta = 300 +/- 30 ml kg-1; rate constants k12 = 0.51 +/- 0.18 min-1; k21 = 0.07 +/- 0.02 min-1; ke1 = 0.10 +/- 0.05 min-1; elimination clearance = 2.4 +/- 0.2 (ml min-1) kg-1; t1/2 alpha = 2.5 +/- 1.0 min; t1/2 beta = 102 +/- 15 min. In intact pregnant rats, a biexponential decay of serum nifedipine concentrations with time was also observed after bolus i.v. administration with similar parameters to non-pregnant animals. These kinetic parameters, used to calculate serum nifedipine concentrations obtained during infusion, predicted values similar to experimental values for 180 min, but thereafter slightly underestimated experimental values. 3. Immediate reductions in uterine contractions, mean blood pressure and heart rate were observed following bolus i.v. injection of nifedipine to ovx non-pregnant rats, with returns towards control values as serum nifedipine concentrations declined. IC15 values (15% change from baseline), calculated from log10 serum concentration response curves, of 0.3 +/- 0.05 micrograms ml-1 for inhibition of uterine contractions, 0.8 +/- 0.3 micrograms ml-1 for depression of blood pressure and 3.8 +/- 1.0 micrograms ml-1 for reduction in heart rate were obtained. 4. In ovx non-pregnant rats, nifedipine infusion produced a maximum reduction in integral of uterine contractions of 70% by 120 min and a maximum reduction of 15% in heart rate. Mean blood pressure was not significantly different from vehicle-treated rats. IC15 values were 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms ml-1 and 2.8 +/- 0.6 micrograms ml 1 for inhibition of uterine contractions and heart rate respectively. 5. In ovx, progesterone-treated late pregnant rats, nifedipine infusion produced similar serum concentrations to those of non-pregnant rats but completely abolished uterine contractions by 70 min. Maximum reductions of 30% in heart rate and blood pressure were observed. IC1S values were 0.5 + 0.1ygml-1 for uterine contractions, 0.9 + 0.3lpgmlP1 for blood pressure and 1.2 +/- 0.3 pg ml - 1 for heart rate. 6. The findings suggest that the kinetics of nifedipine are similar in pregnant and non-pregnant rats and support the idea that the drug exerts a slight selectivity for uterine inhibition relative to cardiovascular effects. The uterus of the late pregnant rat appears to be more sensitive to nifedipine than that of the non-pregnant animal. PMID- 3219473 TI - A quantitative study of the actions of excitatory amino acids and antagonists in rat hippocampal slices. AB - 1. A quantitative pharmacological investigation of the actions of excitatory amino acids on hippocampal CA1 neurones has been made using a new slice preparation developed for grease gap recording; d.c. potential was measured across a grease barrier placed between alvear fibres and the bathing medium. 2. In Mg2+-free perfusate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 1-100 microM), quisqualate (1 500 microM), kainate (1-200 microM) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA, 1-100 microM) caused dose-dependent depolarizations. 3. The dose-response relationships were fitted to logistic expressions. The maximum responses to AMPA, NMDA and kainate were similar; their respective EC50 values were 5, 13 and 23 microM. Quisqualate had a smaller maximum; its EC50 value was 10 microM. The slopes of the dose-response relationships were different for the 4 agonists; the order of steepness of the slopes was NMDA greater than AMPA greater than kainate greater than quisqualate. 4. Similar amino acid-induced depolarizations were observed in slices of just the CA1 region or in whole slices bathed in tetrodotoxin. Isolated alvear fibres, however, were insensitive to the excitatory amino acids. 5. D-2-Amino-5 phosphonovalerate (APV, 50 microM) selectively and reversibly antagonized responses induced by NMDA (apparent pA2 = 5.21). 6. Kynurenic acid (1 mM) reversibly depressed responses to the three agonists tested. The dose-ratios for antagonism of AMPA, kainate and quisqualate were 6.9, 5.6 and 4.6 respectively. 7. This preparation has a different sensitivity profile to agonists from those of previously reported preparations of spinal cord, neocortex and cerebellum. The greater sensitivity to NMDA may be due to the higher density of NMDA receptors in the hippocampus. The effects of the antagonists, APV and kynurenate, are similar to those found in other brain areas. PMID- 3219474 TI - Alfaxalone potentiates and mimics GABA-induced contractile responses in the guinea-pig isolated ileum. AB - 1. Alfaxalone (1-100 nM) potentiated gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA)-receptor mediated contractile responses in the guinea-pig isolated ileum, with a leftward shift of the GABA concentration-response curve, and a significant potentiation of the GABA-induced contractions over the lower concentration-range for GABA (3-30 microM). Alfadalone on the other hand, did not affect contractile responses to GABA. 2. Picrotoxinin (10 microM) induced a non-parallel rightward shift of the GABA concentration-response curve, with a 50% depression of the maximum response to GABA. Alfaxalone (100 nM) potentiated the responses to GABA in the presence of picrotoxinin (10 microM) over the GABA concentration-range of 10-100 microM, causing a leftward shift of the concentration-response curve, but without affecting the depression of the maximum response by picrotoxinin. 3. Bicuculline methochloride (10 microM) caused a parallel rightward shift of the GABA concentration-response-curve; the ratio of this shift was unchanged in the presence of alfaxalone (100 microM), although the latter itself displaced the curve leftwards. 4. Alfaxalone (1-100 mM) also induced a similar potentiation of contractile responses to 3-amino-1-propanesulphonic acid (3-APS), a GABA agonist not subject to uptake. Such concentrations of alfaxalone were ineffective against contractile responses to exogenous acetylcholine. 5. Higher concentrations of alfaxalone (1 microM and above), however, elicited a GABA-like ileal contraction, sensitive to both picrotoxinin (10 microM) and bicuculline (10 microM). 6. In conclusion, alfaxalone potentiated GABAA-receptor-mediated contractile responses in the guinea-pig isolated ileum by acting at a modulatory site on GABAA-receptor chloride-ionophore complexes of GABA-sensitive myenteric neurones, whilst high concentrations of alfaxalone exhibited a GABA-mimetic action at GABAA-receptors in the ileum. It is suggested that more than one site may exist where steroids interact with the GABAA-receptor-ionophore complexes. PMID- 3219475 TI - The effects of peptide histidine isoleucine and neuropeptide Y on mucus volume output from the ferret trachea. AB - 1. The effects of peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were examined on the mucus volume output produced by methacholine and phenylephrine in the ferret whole trachea in vitro. 2. Sustained application of methacholine (5 microM) or phenylephrine (20 microM) produced a maintained volume output of mucus from the trachea. Both these agonists also increased the output of lysozyme (a marker for serous cell secretion). 3. PHI inhibited the maintained mucus volume output produced by methacholine but had no effect on that due to phenylephrine. The output of lysozyme produced by methacholine or phenylephrine was not significantly changed by PHI. 4. NPY enhanced the volume output of mucus produced by methacholine or phenylephrine; however, the rate of output of lysozyme in mucus produced by both agonists was reduced by NPY. 5. We suggest that PHI has no effect on serous cell secretion but inhibits secretion from another source, possibly mucous cells. NPY inhibits serous cell secretion but has a stronger stimulant action on secretion from another source, again possibly mucous cells. 6. PHI and NPY may be important physiological modulators of mucus volume output in the ferret trachea. PMID- 3219476 TI - A 5-HT1-like receptor mediates a pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibition of rat ventromedial hypothalamic neurones in vitro. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-carboxamidotryptamine and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n propylamino)-tetralin inhibited rat ventromedial hypothalamic neurones in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The agonist-induced inhibition was reduced by spiperone (1 microM) and by pertussis toxin , but not by MDL 72222 (10 microM) or ketanserin (1 microM). The inhibition appeared to be mediated via 5-HT1A receptors and a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway. PMID- 3219477 TI - Effects of ethanol and pantothenic acid on brain acetylcholine synthesis. AB - 1. Measurements of brain acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis from precursor [14C] pyruvate, pantothenic acid (PA) concentration in the brain, and blood ethanol (EtOH) concentration were made in rats treated with either ethanol (5-6 g kg-1 body wt daily) alone or ethanol with PA supplementation (100-200 mg kg-1 body wt daily). EtOH with or without PA was administered orally by either Lieber-Decarli liquid diet for 4 weeks and 4 months or by oral intubation for 1 and 4 days. Matched controls were given either ethanol-free liquid diet or saline. 2. ACh synthesis in the brain of rats treated with ethanol alone for 4 months was significantly (P less than 0.01) inhibited. PA concentration of the brain was diminished to 7.0% of the control value. 3. PA concentration in the brain of rats treated with ethanol plus PA for 4 months was three times that of rats treated with ethanol alone. ACh synthesis in rats with ethanol and PA supplementation was also significantly (P less than 0.01) higher. 4. There was no difference in blood EtOH concentration between rats treated with ethanol with or without PA supplement. 5. The EtOH effect on ACh synthesis and PA concentration in the brain was observed in the chronic treatments but not in the acute treatments. 6. Data suggest that chronic ethanol exposure may decrease ACh synthesis by depleting PA, a precursor for the synthesis of acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is an essential substrate for ACh synthesis. PMID- 3219478 TI - The interaction of methoctramine and himbacine at atrial, smooth muscle and endothelial muscarinic receptors in vitro. AB - 1. The action of methoctramine and himbacine at muscarinic receptors has been studied using guinea-pig isolated trachea, oesophageal muscularis mucosae, paced left atria, and rat aortic preparations. 2. Methoctramine (1 x 10(-6)-3.2 x 10( 4) M), but not himbacine, elicited positive inotropic responses. These responses were enhanced by pretreating the animals with reserpine. The responses in reserpine-treated animals were not antagonized by phentolamine (1 x 10(-6) M) but were antagonized by propranolol (1 x 10(-6) M). 3. Methoctramine, but not himbacine, exhibited allosteric inhibitory effects at cardiac muscarinic receptors, resulting in a curvilinear Schild plot. Deviations from competitive antagonism were also observed in combination dose-ratio experiments using atropine and methoctramine. At 1 x 10(-6) M, the pKB value for methoctramine was 7.88 +/- 0.15 (mean +/- s.e.mean, n = 5). The pA2 value for himbacine at cardiac muscarinic receptors was 8.52 +/- 0.06 (n = 3). 4. At tracheal and oesophageal muscularis mucosal smooth muscle receptors, the Schild plots for both antagonists were linear. The pA2 values for methoctramine at receptors in these two preparations were similar (6.08 +/- 0.05 and 6.03 +/- 0.09 respectively, n = 4) and were approximately 60 fold less than those values observed at atrial receptors. Himbacine, also exhibited similar values at muscarinic receptors in the trachea and oesophageal muscularis mucosae (7.61 +/- 0.05 and 7.57 +/- 0.04 respectively, n = 4). 5. Muscarinic receptors mediating relaxation of the rat aortic endothelium exhibited pA2 values for methoctramine (5.87 +/- 0.12, n = 6) which were similar to those observed in the smooth muscle, but not the atria. The pA2 values for himbacine at endothelial muscarinic receptors were approximately 0.5 pA2 units lower than those observed at muscarinic receptors in smooth muscle (6.92 + 0.80, n = 6). In addition, the Schild slopes for methoctramine and himbacine at these receptors were significantly (P < 0.05) less than unity. 6. Methoctramine, and to a lesser extent himbacine, are potent and selective antagonists for cardiac muscarinic receptors. However, caution should be used in interpretation of the data with methoctramine in view of the inhibitory allosteric properties and direct inotropic actions of this compound. PMID- 3219480 TI - Fade and tachyphylaxis of gastric acid secretory response to pentagastrin in rat isolated gastric mucosa. AB - 1. Gastric acid secretory responses to pentagastrin were characterized in the rat isolated gastric mucosa. In particular, the mechanisms underlying fade, declining response upon continued stimulation, and tachyphylaxis, progressively reduced responses upon repeated stimulation, were investigated. 2. Pentagastrin, 10(-9) 10(-7) M, resulted in concentration-related increases in acid secretion, with a mean maximum of 2.65 mumol cm-2 h-1 in response to pentagastrin, 10(-7) M. Higher concentrations of pentagastrin produced sub-maximal secretory rates; we define this as auto-inhibition. The responses to all concentrations of pentagastrin demonstrated fade. The rate of fade was correlated with the maximum acid secretory rate, declining at about 36% of the peak over the first 16 min. 3. The PO2, PCO2, [HCO3-], pH, [glucose], [lactate], [Na+] and [K+] did not decline during the fade of the acid secretory response to pentagastrin, 10(-7) M. Addition of a second aliquot of pentagastrin was not able to reverse fade, but these tissues were responsive to histamine. Replacement of the serosal solution, before addition of a second aliquot of pentagastrin, increased the acid response from 3% to 24% of the first response. 4. Serosal solution from donor tissues, allowed to respond to pentagastrin and then the acid secretion to fade, was able to stimulate secretion in fresh recipient tissues, although at lower rates. 5. Acid secretory responses to a second dose of pentagastrin were not significantly different, whether the tissues were previously unstimulated, or stimulated with pentagastrin washed out after attaining its peak secretory response (after 10-20 min). The second response was significantly reduced if the first response was allowed to fade with the pentagastrin in contact for 100 min; i.e. fade significantly influenced the extent of tachyphylaxis. 6. Proglumide, 10(-2) M, a gastrin receptor antagonist, and omeprazole, 10(-5) M, an inhibitor of the gastric (H+ + K+)-ATPase, both inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion to similar extents. The second response to pentagastrin after pentagastrin alone, or pentagastrin plus omeprazole were both reduced compared to responses after no stimulation or omeprazole alone, respectively. After pentagastrin plus proglumide, the second response to pentagastrin was not lower than after proglumide alone. Proglumide, but not omeprazole, therefore, prevented pentagastrin tachyphylaxis. 7. It is concluded that gastrin fade and tachyphylaxis are related phenomena. Part of the fade may be due to release of an inhibitor(s). The major proportion of tachyphylaxis is a result of specific interaction of gastrin with its receptors. PMID- 3219479 TI - Electrophysiological mechanism for the antiarrhythmic action of propafenone: a comparison with mexiletine. AB - 1. The antiarrhythmic potency of propafenone was evaluated in the guinea-pig isolated heart; arrhythmias were induced with (a) digitalis intoxication and (b) hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. 2. Propafenone, 0.5 microM, was found to be the minimal but effective antiarrhythmic concentration. The antiarrhythmic activity of propafenone developed slower than that of 10 microM mexiletine, which was the lowest effective concentration under the same experimental conditions. 3. The electrophysiological effects of propafenone were then studied on sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres (manifesting oscillatory afterpotentials and triggered automaticity induced by barium or strophanthidin) and compared with those of 10 microM mexiletine. 4. Both 0.5 microM propafenone and 10 microM mexiletine consistently blocked triggered activity in sheep Purkinje fibres. The onset of the effect of propafenone was slower than that of mexiletine. 5. Unlike mexiletine, propafenone did not reduce the amplitude of oscillatory afterpotentials. 6. In contrast, propafenone significantly reduced Vmax in barium and strophanthidin-treated preparations. 7. It is concluded that the antiarrhythmic action of propafenone on digitalis- and reoxygenation-induced arrhythmias is probably due to an electrophysiological mechanism different from that of mexiletine. Mexiletine, by reducing the amplitude of oscillatory afterpotentials, prevents the attainment of the threshold; propafenone, by reducing the excitability of the cell, increases the threshold and consequently an oscillatory afterpotential of the same amplitude will not generate arrhythmias. PMID- 3219481 TI - Receptors for ATP in rat sensory neurones: the structure-function relationship for ligands. AB - 1. The pharmacological properties of the ATP-activated conductance in isolated sensory neurones of the rat were investigated by use of voltage clamp and concentration clamp techniques. 2. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5' diphosphate (ADP), cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP), cytidine 5'-diphosphate (CDP) and some derivatives activate these receptors, whereas adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP) and other naturally-occurring nucleotides are competitive blockers. 3. In the sequence of substances, adenosine 5' (beta,gamma-methylene)-triphosphonate (APPCP), adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma difluoromethylene)- triphosphonate (APPCF2P), adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma dichloromethylene)-triphosphonate (APPCC12P) and adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma dibromomethylene)triphosphonate (APPCBr2P), the properties of ligands depend on the radius of the atom linked to the carbon of the diphosphonate group. Thus, APPCP is an agonist, APPCF2P is a partial agonist, while dichloromethylene and dibromomethylene analogues of adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma-methylene)triphosphonate demonstrate features of competitive blockers. APPCC12P is the most effective blocker of ATP-receptors (inhibition constant Ki = 21 +/- 4 microM). An adenosyl or adenylyl radical, when connected to the terminal phosphate of ATP, converts the agonist into a partial agonist. 4. Two especially important parts of the ATP molecule are crucial for the interactions with receptors. They are: (1) the vicinity of C6 of the purine ring and (2) the polyphosphate chain. Some modifications in these regions of the molecule result in the transformation of an agonist into an antagonist. PMID- 3219482 TI - Ryanodine inhibits the Ca-dependent K current after depletion of Ca stored in smooth muscle cells of the rabbit ileal longitudinal muscle. AB - 1. Effects of ryanodine on the membrane currents were investigated on dispersed smooth muscle cells of rabbit ileal longitudinal layer using voltage and patch clamp procedures. 2. With voltage clamp, membrane depolarization to 0 mV from the holding potential of -60 mV produced an inward Ca current (ICa) which was followed by transient and sustained outward currents (ITO and ISO, respectively). Prolonged depolarization of the membrane produced spontaneous oscillations of the outward current (oscillatory outward current; IOO) on ISO. 3. Ryanodine (30 microM) modified neither the basal membrane current recorded at the holding potential (-60 mV) nor ISO. Ryanodine inhibited both ITO and IOO in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 5.5 and 4.5 microM, respectively, measured 12 min after application of ryanodine). These values were much higher than that observed in skeletal muscle for Ca release. 4. The time course of the ryanodine induced inhibition of IOO was slow and the inhibition was irreversible. Caffeine (3 mM) enhanced the amplitudes of ITO and IOO in the presence of Ca, and only transiently enhanced IOO in the absence of Ca. However, following application of 10 microM ryanodine, 3 mM caffeine did not increase IOO. 5. Ryanodine (3-30 microM) slightly enhanced the amplitude of ICa evoked by depolarization pulses at potentials more negative than O mV but not that induced by larger depolarizations (positive potentials). 6. With patch clamp procedure, single Ca-dependent K channel currents were recorded in cell free and cell attached configurations. Application of 30 microM ryanodine transiently enhanced the Ca-dependent K current without any detectable changes in the amplitude of the single channel current recorded in the cell attached condition. In the inside-out membrane patch, when the intracellular membrane side was superfused with 1 microM Ca buffered with 10 mM EGTA, bath application of 10 microM ryanodine had no effect on the Ca-dependent K current. 7. It was concluded that both ITO and IOO are generated by Ca released from intracellular stores, mainly sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ryanodine appears to open irreversibly the Ca channel in the store and to inhibit the Ca-dependent K channel due to depletion of the stored Ca. PMID- 3219484 TI - Membrane potential responses to ATP applied by pressure ejection in the longitudinal muscle of chicken rectum. AB - 1. Changes in membrane potential in response to local application of ATP by pressure ejection from a micropipette were recorded intracellularly from smooth muscle cells of the longitudinal muscle strip of chicken rectum. 2. The local application of ATP produced a membrane depolarization. The depolarizing response increased to a plateau of 33 mV with prolongation of the duration of pressure pulses which determines the amount of ATP ejected. The latency and the time required to reach a peak depolarization were not related to the pulse duration, and the shortest latency was 50 ms. 3. When the application of ATP was repeated at a short interval, the second and subsequent depolarizing responses were suppressed, and their latency and time to reach a peak were also increased; the muscle cells became desensitized to ATP. Recovery from the desensitization occurred slowly over a period of 60 s. 4. Electrotonic potentials decreased in amplitude and time course during an ATP-induced depolarization, indicating a decrease in membrane resistance. 5. The ATP-induced depolarization was longer in the latency than an excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.) elicited by electrical field stimulation of the intramural nerves. The other variables such as amplitude, time to reach the peak and duration could not be matched with those of the e.j.p. at the same time. 6. The e.j.p. decreased in amplitude and duration during the ATP-induced depolarization, and its initial amplitude and duration were restored immediately after termination of the ATP-induced depolarization, as in the case of electrotonic potentials. The ej.ps were recorded in the same manner as the control from the muscle cell which was in a state of desensitization to ATP. 7. The present results provide an argument against the hypothesis that ATP mediates the ej.p. in the rectum of the chicken. PMID- 3219483 TI - The dihydropyridine derivative 202-791: interpretation of the effects of the racemate considering inverse agonistic enantiomers. AB - 1. The influence of the enantiomers and the racemate of the dihydropyridine derivative 202-791 [isopropyl 4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6 dimethyl-5-nitro-3- pyridinecarboxylate] on force of contraction and action potential was studied in guinea-pig isolated papillary muscles. The effects were investigated during regular stimulation (1 Hz) and after a period of rest (10 min). 2. The enantiomers of the dihydropyridine derivative 202-791 had opposite effects on the mechanical and bioelectrical parameters: the (+,S)-enantiomer enhanced contractility and prolonged action potential duration whereas the (-,R) enantiomer reduced force and shortened action potential duration. Analogous to the effects during regular stimulation, the post-rest adaptation was modified adversely: in the presence of the (+,S)-enantiomer the pattern of adaptation was intensified while the (-,R)-enantiomer caused an attenuation. The term 'inverse agonism' seems more suitable than the commonly used comparison of agonist and antagonist, because each enantiomer possesses intrinsic activity, albeit in opposite directions. 3. The racemate of 202-791 acted like the (+,S)-enantiomer. In concentrations up to 1 microM, the racemate increased the force of contraction to the same extent as if the cardiodepressant (-,R)-enantiomer was not present. Only at the highest concentration (3 microM) did the counteracting effect of the (-,R)-enantiomer become evident. The racemate prolonged the action potential duration like the (+,S)-enantiomer although to a lesser extent. Moreover, the typical post-rest adaptation of contractile force and action potential duration was accentuated by the racemate as with the (+,S)-enantiomer. 4. The results demonstrate that in case of 202-791, the effects of the racemate do not reflect the opposite actions of the two enantiomers, but rather mimic that of the (+,S) enantiomer. A prediction concerning the effects of the enantiomers which is based on findings obtained with the racemate is not possible. PMID- 3219485 TI - Chronotropic effect of nizofenone fumarate in rabbit sino-atrial node in vitro. AB - 1. The effects of nizofenone fumarate were studied on the membrane potentials and currents of rabbit sino-atrial node preparations by means of the double microelectrode voltage clamp method. 2. In spontaneously firing pacemaker cells, nizofenone (above 1 microM) decreased the heart rate. Above 3 microM, nizofenone reduced the maximum upstroke velocity, the amplitude of the action potential and the slope of the phase 4 depolarization, and prolonged the action potential duration at 50% repolarization. 3. Under voltage clamp conditions, nizofenone decreased the slow inward current and the time-dependent potassium outward current in a dose-dependent manner. 4. These findings suggest that nizofenone exerts an inhibitory action on the automaticity of sinoatrial node preparations via effects on both inward and outward currents. PMID- 3219487 TI - Comparison between effects of caffeine and ryanodine on electromechanical coupling in myocardium of hibernating chipmunks: role of internal Ca stores. AB - 1. To clarify the cause of uncoupling of Ca influx through Ca channels and the contractility of the myocardium in hibernating chipmunks, the electromechanical effects of two different internal Ca store inhibitors, caffeine and ryanodine, and a cardiotonic agent, isoprenaline, were investigated in papillary muscles of hibernating animals. 2. Ryanodine (10(-6) M), an inhibitor of internal Ca release, abolished the contraction with a marked inhibition of the action potential plateau (APp). In such preparations, an increase in Ca influx induced by isoprenaline (5 x 10(-8) M) failed to augment the contraction, indicating uncoupling of Ca influx and contraction. 3. In ryanodine pretreated preparations, 10 mM caffeine produced an early phase of APp, but did not affect the contraction abolished by ryanodine, while a higher concentration of caffeine (25 mM) markedly increased the contraction with an augmentation of the electrical response. 4. In the absence of ryanodine, caffeine (5 mM) almost abolished the contraction with a greater inhibition of APp. In such preparations, isoprenaline greatly increased the contraction with an augmentation of the early phase of APp. 5. These effects were not significantly affected by additional application of ryanodine, but were inhibited by nifedipine, a Ca channel blocker. 6. These observations suggest that in cardiac muscles of hibernating animals, lack of the positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline may be attributed to a rapid and effective sequestration of increased cytoplasmic Ca through Ca influx by internal stores, probably by enhancement of their ability to take up Ca. PMID- 3219486 TI - Effects of neuropeptides and capsaicin on the canine tracheal vasculature in vivo. AB - 1. The nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nervous system may control the airway vasculature via various neuropeptides. We have perfused the cranial tracheal arteries of the anaesthetized dog and investigated the effects of neuropeptides and capsaicin (which is supposed to release neuropeptides from sensory nerve endings) on the tracheal vasculature by injecting them locally into the perfusion system. 2. Neurokinin A (NKA, 0.02-20 pmol), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, 2-200 pmol) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI, 0.02-2 nmol) dose dependently decreased tracheal vascular resistance (Rtv). NKA was 10 and 100 times more potent than CGRP and PHI, respectively. The duration of the response to CGRP was greatly prolonged with larger doses. Galanin (0.2-2 nmol) had no appreciable effect on Rtv. 3. Neuropeptide Y (NPY 0.02-2 nmol) and bombesin (0.02 10 nmol) dose-dependently increased Rtv. However, the dose-response curve for bombesin was bell-shaped suggesting the development of tachyphylaxis with larger doses. In smaller doses, bombesin was twice as potent as NPY. The duration of the response to NPY was prolonged with larger doses. 4. With the exception of PHI no neuropeptide altered tracheal smooth muscle tone; PHI (1 and 2 nmol) caused small dilatations of the trachea. 5. The effects of capsaicin (2-100 nmol) were complex. Usually, the vascular response had two dose-dependent phases: a rapid vasoconstriction followed by a small, longer-lasting vasodilatation. The tracheal smooth muscle response was usually biphasic, a contraction followed by a relaxation. 6. According to previous and present data, the order of potency of the neuropeptides on the canine tracheal vasculature is for the vasodilators : NKA > vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) > CGRP > substance P > PHI, and for the vasoconstrictors: bombesin > NPY. The longer-acting neuropeptides (VIP, CGRP and NPY) may be more important than the shorter-acting neuropeptides (substance P, NKA, PHI and bombesin) as regulators of the airway wall blood flow. PMID- 3219488 TI - Biphasic effects of intra-accumbens histamine administration on spontaneous motor activity in the rat; a role for central histamine receptors. AB - 1. The effect of intra-accumbens injection of histamine and related compounds on the spontaneous motor activity of the rat has been investigated. 2. Microinjections of histamine (1-200 micrograms) induced dose-dependent, biphasic changes in rat activity consisting of an initial brief hypoactivity response followed by a marked hyperactivity phase. The histamine metabolite, n-tele methylhistamine was without effect. 3. Pretreatment with the H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine (10 micrograms) blocked the hypoactivity response and markedly attenuated histamine-induced hyperactivity. In contrast, pretreatment with the H2-receptor antagonist SKF93479 had no effect on histamine-induced behaviour. 4. Microinjection of the H1-receptor agonist 2-thiazolylethylamine induced a marked hyperactivity response, but unlike the response to histamine, there was no initial hypoactivity. The H2-receptor agonist dimaprit had no apparent behavioural effects following intra-accumbens injection. 5. Intra accumbens injection of the non-selective histamine agonists n alpha methylhistamine or n alpha, n alpha-dimethylhistamine induced both marked hypoactivity and hyperactivity responses which were comparable with the effects of histamine. 6. The present results demonstrate a histamine, H1-receptor mediated arousal in the nucleus accumbens which follows transitory hypoactivity, possibly due to activation of presynaptic H3-receptors. PMID- 3219489 TI - Effect of the 'antidementia drug' pantoyl-GABA on high affinity transport of choline and on the contents of choline and acetylcholine in rat brain. AB - 1. Effect of pantoyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (pantoyl-GABA) on high affinity transport of choline into synaptosomes and on the choline (Ch) and acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations of rat brain were studied. 2. Pantoyl-GABA was injected intraperitoneally four times at a dose of 500 mg kg-1 at intervals of 30 min. One hour after the last injection, rats were killed by decapitation for measurement of high affinity transport of Ch into synaptosomes or by microwave irradiation for the measurement of Ch and ACh concentrations. 3. Transport of Ch was increased into synaptosomes prepared from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but not into those from the striatum. 4. In the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, Ch concentration was increased and ACh concentration decreased. 5. Since treatments that enhance the activity of cholinergic neurones in vivo are reported to increase high affinity transport of Ch measured in vitro, the present results suggest that pantoyl-GABA may increase cholinergic activity in vivo. This action of the drug may be related to changes in the Ch and ACh concentrations. PMID- 3219491 TI - Dynamic low-dose three-dimensional computed tomography: a preliminary study. AB - Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic reformations have been used successfully as an adjunct to standard axial computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of disorders affecting areas of complex anatomy. The basic requirements for high-quality 3D reformations are an absence of patient movement and narrow-width transaxial sections. Speed of examination is an important factor in optimizing image quality. One hundred examinations were performed on an IGE CT 9800 scanner. For bone studies, 80 mAs and, for certain soft tissues, 140 or 200 mAs were employed with 120 kVp. The advantages of such a "low-dose" technique are significant reduction in patient skin dose and a faster examination. The main disadvantage is a reduction in signal-to-noise ratio. The image quality obtained in 3D presentations has nevertheless been sufficient to enable all bony abnormalities to be identified. Three-dimensional examinations are now being performed routinely using a dynamic mode and this "low-dose" technique. PMID- 3219490 TI - Control of anion and fluid secretion by apical P2-purinoceptors in the rat epididymis. AB - 1. Exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulated the short circuit current (SCC) in primary monolayer cultures of rat epididymal cells when added to the apical but not to the basolateral side of the monolayers. Half-maximal stimulation was achieved at 5 x 10(-8) M ATP. 2. The increase in SCC induced by ATP was dependent on the presence of extracellular Cl in the bathing solutions. 3. The effects of other adenosine derivatives, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides were studied. Their orders of potency in stimulating SCC were: ATP greater than adenosine diphosphate much greater than adenosine monophosphate, adenosine, and ATP greater than inosine triphosphate greater than guanosine triphosphate greater than cytidine triphosphate. These results indicate that ATP interacts with a P2-purinoceptor at the apical membrane of the epididymal cells. 4. The SCC response to ATP was not blocked by 8-phenyltheophylline, a P1 purinoceptor antagonist or by propranolol. Although pretreatment of the cultures with piroxicam abolished the SCC response to bradykinin, it did not affect the response to ATP. This indicates that the SCC response to ATP was not mediated by an increase in the synthesis of prostaglandins. 5. Serosal to mucosal Cl flux (Js m Cl) and net water flux were measured in the luminally perfused rat epididymis in vivo. ATP (1 microM) added to the luminal perfusion solution caused an increase in Js-m Cl and net water secretion by the epididymal duct. 6. Since spermatozoa contain a high concentration of ATP, it is proposed that ATP released from spermatozoa may affect anion and fluid secretion by the epididymis. The control of secretion via the apical purinoceptors offers a means by which spermatozoa regulate the fluidity of their own environment. PMID- 3219492 TI - A critical appraisal of "out-of-hours" radiography in a major teaching hospital. AB - The use of plain radiography performed outside normal working hours was studied at the Manchester Royal Infirmary to determine the costs of the service and where possible financial savings could be made. The annual cost of "out-of-hours" radiography was estimated to be in order of 250,000 pounds. During a selected 2 week period, 84% and 76% of all examinations performed on Accident and Emergency patients and inpatients, respectively, were found to be normal. Previous reports suggest that the number of radiographs requested in the Accident and Emergency department can be reduced without detriment to patients by the implementation of appropriate clinical guidelines. We consider that if similar guidelines were developed and applied to the use of out-of-hours radiography, substantial savings could be made. We estimate that in our hospital these savings could amount to 18% of the current expenditure on this service. PMID- 3219494 TI - In vitro induction of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes, with and without boron 10, by radiations concerned in boron neutron capture therapy. AB - A beam consisting of mainly 24 keV neutrons has been constructed for radiobiological studies to evaluate the potential of these particles for treating deep tumours by the boron capture reaction. The induction of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro was examined and a linear dose effect with a relative biological effectiveness similar to fission neutrons was obtained. For samples placed at depths in a plastic phantom the aberration yields declined with depth at a rate matching the fall in the sum of dose due to proton recoils and neutron capture in nitrogen 14. The presence of boron 10 at 30 micrograms ml-1 did not affect the aberration yield. By using the mixed sample method, the probability of interphase death or mitotic delay in cells crossed by an alpha particle or lithium-7 ion produced in the boron capture reaction was shown to be close to 1.0. Thus these cells are prevented from coming to mitosis in culture. The implications for boron capture therapy are that this filtered beam has a "high LET" effect which could lead to poor normal tissue sparing. However there may be a significant therapeutic advantage due to a high probability of killing tumour cells that have incorporated boron 10. PMID- 3219493 TI - The radiobiology of 24 keV neutrons. Measurement of the relative biological effect free-in-air, survival and cytogenetic analysis of the biological effect at various depths in a polyethylene phantom and modification of the depth-dose profile by boron 10 for V79 Chinese hamster and HeLa cells. AB - HeLa human carcinoma cells and V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts have been irradiated in vitro with a beam of neutrons with a nearly pure 24 keV spectrum. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the filtered neutron beam relative to 60Co gamma radiation was determined by irradiation of cell cultures "free-in air". The values obtained for the RBE at 37% survival were 5.8 +/- 0.8, at a dose of 0.69 +/- 0.06 Gy for the HeLa cells and 3.14 +/- 1.1 at a dose of 1.09 +/- 0.091 Gy for the V79 cells. Cytogenetic analysis of the damage in irradiated V79 cells gave an RBE of 6.7 +/- 1.4. Irradiation in a polyethylene phantom markedly attenuated the beam's biological effect. For both cell lines 2 cm of polyethylene virtually eliminated cell killing. Addition of boron 10 to the medium led to increased cell killing and a value of 4 was obtained for the RBE of the 10B(n, alpha)7Li reaction in HeLa cells. PMID- 3219495 TI - Biophysical interpretation of the response of Chinese hamster cells to 24 keV neutrons. AB - The response of V79 Chinese hamster cells to a 24 keV neutron spectrum has been compared with data for the response of V79 cells to a range of higher neutron energies. The linear energy transfer (LET) distributions of the neutron spectra were calculated and the expected responses of the cells to the different spectra were calculated using published track-segment data on the response of V79 cells to charged particles with various LET values. The response of the cells to 24 keV neutrons was predicted satisfactorily by the LET distribution, in spite of the fact that the maximum range of the recoil protons is only 0.5 micron. The response was not correctly predicted by the microdosimetric parameter y*D evaluated in a 1 micron diameter sphere. PMID- 3219496 TI - The interpretation of dose calculations and cell-survival measurements for the boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumours with 24 keV neurons. AB - Monte-Carlo computer codes have been used to estimate the distribution of doses to borated and unborated tissues in head-sized phantoms when exposed to beams of 2 keV and 24 keV neutrons. For the application of such beams to boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) these calculations show the superiority of 2 keV neutrons over 24 keV neutrons and the importance of using large-area beams. A 24 keV neutron beam has been used to irradiate HeLa cell cultures in vitro, with and without the addition of 10B, at various depths within a narrow polyethylene phantom. Survival data obtained from these experiments have been used to estimate depth-damage profiles for normal (unboronated) and tumour (boronated) brain tissues when exposed to 24 keV neutrons. A good differential between damage to normal and tumorous tissue is obtained under suitable irradiation conditions. Although lower-energy neutrons are probably preferable, these results demonstrate the possibility of using beams of 24 keV neutrons for the BNCT of brain tumours. PMID- 3219498 TI - A slice width and focal spot alignment camera for computed tomographic scanners. PMID- 3219497 TI - Quality control of mammographic equipment: a 5-year follow-up. AB - A quality-control project covering 56 pieces of mammographic equipment was carried out in Finland. The evaluation was based on the determination of contrast, film optical density, resolution, focus size, tube voltage, exposure time, half-value thickness, reproducibility and linearity of exposure, surface and exit dose, and defects at each centre when employing routinely used techniques. Dose and image quality were assessed using three phantoms. The results are compared with those obtained 5 years earlier and by other authors. Although the situation has, in many ways, improved considerably over the last 5 years (for instance, the average whole-breast dose has fallen on average by 84%, 7.37----1.10 mGy), there is still room for further improvement, especially in the optimization of the developing processes. PMID- 3219499 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of hypothalamic hamartomas. PMID- 3219500 TI - Primary plasmacytoma of the oesophagus. PMID- 3219501 TI - Gastro-oesophageal leiomyoblastomas and multiple pulmonary chondromas: an incomplete variant of Carney's triad. PMID- 3219502 TI - The aortic pole. PMID- 3219503 TI - Biological equivalence between fractionated radiotherapy treatments using the linear-quadratic model. PMID- 3219504 TI - Does it pay to be optimistic? PMID- 3219505 TI - TNM classification of urological tumours in 1988. PMID- 3219506 TI - TNM classification of genitourinary tumours 1987--position of the EORTC Genitourinary Group. AB - This report analyses the changes in the classification of the genitourinary tumours introduced by the 1987 edition of the TNM system. Criticism and suggestions for improvement are given. These are based on the extensive experience of the EORTC GU Group with clinical trial work particularly the identification of prognostic factors, on their success in reaching international consensus on tumour classification, and on information from the literature. Many of the changes introduced in the 1987 system are not considered to be strictly necessary. These include the introduction of the new additional descriptors, including "C" and "R", the changes in the T classification of prostatic and renal cancer, and the introduction of uniform N categories for all tumours and other features. We regret the omission of minimal requirements, the omission of the V classification for macroscopic or microscopic vascular invasion, the changes in the T categories of carcinoma of the bladder and the introduction of stage groupings for all urological tumours. Some of these changes are considered unacceptable. The attitude of the EORTC GU Group toward the use of the new TNM classification is indicated in detail. PMID- 3219507 TI - Partial nephrectomy: an option in calculus disease? AB - Thirty-seven patients treated by partial nephrectomy for calculus disease between 1971 and 1986 were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 25 patients available for analysis, 20% developed immediate surgical complications, 20% had residual post operative stone and 33% developed true ipsilateral stone recurrence during the period of follow-up. Our results from partial nephrectomy for calculus disease are compared with the results of treatment by percutaneous nephrolithotomy and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. It was concluded that partial nephrectomy should be reserved for situations where stone disease is associated with anatomical abnormalities which cannot be treated by the newer modalities of stone management. PMID- 3219509 TI - Is extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy suitable treatment for lower ureteric stones? AB - Forty patients with lower ureteric calculi for which intervention was considered desirable have been treated by in situ extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) on the Dornier HM3 Lithotripter using a modified technique. Stone localisation was satisfactory in all patients. Adequate disintegration was achieved in 90% of patients following one treatment; 34 patients have been followed up for at least 3 months and 27 of these are stone-free (79%). Treatment failed in 4 patients and 2 of these had dense lower ureteric stone streets as a result of previous ESWL. The retreatment rate, post-treatment auxiliary procedure rate and complication rate were minimal. It was concluded that in situ ESWL is an effective and safe method for treating certain selected lower ureteric stones and should be considered as a feasible alternative to the more conventional methods of treatment. PMID- 3219508 TI - Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency: 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis in a 48-year-old woman. AB - We report the first patient in Finland and Scandinavia with a deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT). About 30 clinically affected patients have been reported in the literature. APRT deficiency is an enzyme disorder which is inherited autosomally in a recessive manner. The use of adenine in purine metabolism is disturbed and it accumulates in the body, where it is oxidised to poorly insoluble 2,8-dihydroxyadenine by xanthine oxidase. The dihydroxyadenine forms stones which can be mistaken for uric acid stones. Our patient had had frequent episodes of urolithiasis and the diagnosis was finally made after pyelolithotomy and stone analysis. The total APRT deficiency was detected in the haemolysate of erythrocytes. Partial deficiency of APRT in the patient's relatives showed heterozygosity of the enzyme defect. The only clinical manifestation of the defect is the formation of urinary stones. This can be prevented by diet and allopurinol. PMID- 3219510 TI - Primary vesicoureteric reflux treated by antireflux ureterocystostomy at the vertex of the bladder. A 12-year follow-up and analysis of operative failure. AB - A total of 618 children with primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) were examined preoperatively and 6, 9 and 24 months after an antireflux ureterocystostomy of the vertex of the bladder (AUVB); 206 children were operated on bilaterally, so that 824 AUVBs were performed. Most patients had grade 3 or 4 reflux and only 5% had grade 2 reflux. Successful results were noted in 792 ureteric units; in 10 cases of post-operative stenosis and 17 cases of recurrent VUR a second AUVB was performed. The following causes of operative failure were found: obstruction of the submucosal ureter after tailoring (5 cases), stricture of the new ureteric orifice (3), necrosis of the terminal part of the ureter (2), submucosal ureter too short or too wide (12) and fibrosis of the detrusor muscle over the submucosal ureter (5); a success rate of 84% was noted after the second procedure. PMID- 3219511 TI - The value of cystourethroscopy in the investigation of microscopic haematuria in adult males under 40 years. A prospective study of 100 patients. AB - Microscopic haematuria is a common finding in young men. Controversy exists as to its significance and how it is best investigated. A prospective study of 100 young men under the age of 40 with microscopic haematuria has been performed. A positive diagnosis was made in 32 patients. Cystourethroscopy was of diagnostic value in only 3 patients and of therapeutic value in a further 3. It was concluded that cystourethroscopy is of minimal diagnostic value in young men with microscopic haematuria. Its routine use is unnecessary and should be reserved for those patients in whom investigation suggests that a treatable cause may be found in the lower urinary tract. PMID- 3219512 TI - Videourodynamic assessment of the Stamey procedure for stress incontinence. AB - Fifty-three patients underwent the Stamey procedure after stress incontinence was demonstrated by videourodynamic assessment. It was possible to repeat this assessment in 45 patients post-operatively; 58% were shown to be continent and in 20% the leakage was less. Failed operations were unrelated to age, weight, parity, degree of bladder neck descent or previous pelvic surgery. Coexisting detrusor instability was not a contraindication to surgery. Delayed voiding was common immediately after surgery but voiding problems were not encountered once micturition had been re-established. Although a significant objective failure rate was demonstrated, the Stamey procedure has many advantages and it can be recommended as first-line treatment in cases of stress incontinence. PMID- 3219513 TI - Age, and size and grade of tumour predict prognosis in incidentally diagnosed carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Of 403 consecutive cases of prostatic carcinoma 69 were diagnosed incidentally and were managed with a deferred treatment policy. The mean age at diagnosis was 74 years and mean follow-up was 42 months. Retrospective analysis confirmed that many such patients die of intercurrent disease before symptomatic tumour progression. However, patients aged 70 years or less at diagnosis with diffuse, high grade disease were shown to be at greater risk of symptomatic tumour progression. In this study 60% progressed to skeletal metastases within 3 years. Deferral of treatment in such patients appears inappropriate. PMID- 3219514 TI - Urethral strictures in childhood. AB - Thirty-six children have been treated for a non-hypospadiac urethral stricture. Of 12 patients with meatal or submeatal stenosis, 10 had undergone circumcision for balanitis xerotica obliterans. The strictures were successfully treated by meatoplasty or meatal dilatation. Twenty-four children had a more proximal urethral stricture: 16 were caused by urethral catheterisation, 4 were post traumatic, 2 were congenital and 2 were idiopathic. Sixteen children were treated by visual urethrotomy; this was successful in 12 after a maximum of 2 urethrotomies. Two children required 4 or more urethrotomies and 2 required urethroplasty for restricturing. Seven children were treated by a formal urethroplasty. There were no complications. Two patients died of unrelated medical conditions. Follow-up was for a mean of 2 years. PMID- 3219515 TI - Diathermy hook ablation of posterior urethral valves in neonates and infants. AB - An insulated diathermy hook was used to destroy the posterior urethral valve in 10 boys. The technique needs no anaesthetic, no endoscopic equipment, no perineal urethrostomy and only occasional catheter drainage of the bladder. It is performed in the X-ray department, where the efficacy of the procedure can be checked immediately with a further cystogram. The results are compared with those in 7 other boys whose valves were destroyed by conventional endoscopic means. PMID- 3219516 TI - Functional innervation patterns in the corpus spongiosum and glans in the dog. AB - The neural control of smooth muscle cells in the corpus spongiosum, helicine artery and bulbus glandis of the dog was investigated in relation to the mechanism involved in erection, using isometric tension recording and micro electrode methods. In the corpus spongiosum, field stimulation evoked twitch-like contractions followed by relaxations. These relaxations were enhanced and prolonged by neostigmine and partly suppressed by atropine. Guanethidine abolished the twitch-like contractions and increased muscle tone. The relaxations observed after pre-treatment with guanethidine were abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX), thereby indicating that these muscles are innervated by adrenergic excitatory, cholinergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves. In the helicine artery and bulbus glandis, field stimulation evoked contractions and these contractions were abolished by guanethidine or TTX, indicating that these muscles are innervated by adrenergic excitatory nerve fibres. After pre-treatment with guanethidine and atropine, muscle relaxation appeared in response to field stimulation in the helicine artery but not in the bulbus glandis, indicating that the helicine artery in the corpus spongiosum is also innervated by non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves in addition to the excitatory adrenergic nerves. In the smooth muscle cells of the corpus spongiosum, slow potential changes were correlated with spontaneous contractions and field stimulation evoked excitatory or inhibitory junction potentials. The neural mechanism involved in erection is discussed in relation to the topical difference in the autonomic innervation patterns in the corpus spongiosum, helicine artery and bulbus glandis. PMID- 3219517 TI - Prognostic significance of the zona-free hamster egg test. AB - Hamster tests were performed on sperm samples submitted by 111 men attending a fertility clinic. The method used involved exposure of the sperm to an ionophore to stimulate capacitation as this has been shown to give better egg penetration rates. The men were followed up for a total of 166 couple years and note was made of any pregnancies. At the time of their initial assessment most of the men had poor sperm measurements using conventional methods of semen analysis. The hamster test results gave no additional prognostic information to that already known from the duration of involuntary infertility reported by the couple at their first clinic visit and sperm motility and concentration determined by conventional semen analysis. It was concluded that the hamster test was not useful in this situation. PMID- 3219518 TI - Chyluria as a cause of haematuria in patients from endemic areas. AB - Chyluria is an unusual cause of haematuria in temperate regions and is rarely considered even when no apparent cause has been found. We report 3 Guyanese men who presented with macroscopic haematuria in whom pyelo-lymphatic fistulae were found. In none of the patients were the symptoms severe enough for surgical disconnection of the fistula to be required. PMID- 3219519 TI - Carcinoma of the rectum with scrotal metastases. PMID- 3219520 TI - Tuberculous vesicovaginal fistula in a child. PMID- 3219521 TI - Salmonella anatum: an unusual urinary pathogen in a patient with nephrolithiasis. PMID- 3219522 TI - Ruptured bladder following a phosphate enema. PMID- 3219523 TI - Suprapubic endoscopy: a percutaneous approach. PMID- 3219524 TI - Sensory discrimination and dynamic activity in the anorectum: evidence using a new ambulatory technique. AB - The anal canal in health is extremely sensitive to thermal stimuli, If temperature sensation plays a part in sensory discrimination two conditions must be fulfilled: there must be a temperature gradient along the anorectum and rectal contents must be able to come into contact with the sensitive anal mucosa. In a study of 53 normal subjects we demonstrated this temperature gradient with a median temperature difference between the rectum and lower, mid and upper anal canal of 0.4, 0.2 and 0.1 degrees C respectively. The second condition was examined in 15 normal ambulatory subjects by measuring mid-anal sphincter (SP) and rectal pressures (RP) with a microtransducer catheter. The signals were digitalized and recorded in a portable electronic memory for later computer display, and analysis. Marked spontaneous sphincter relaxation resulting in equalization of RP and SP occurred 7 times per hour (1-4). The conscious sensation of the presence of flatus was associated with an SP reduction of 30 mmHg (20-50 mmHg) and an RP increase of 7 mmHg (0-15 mmHg), such that RP greater than or equal to SP in 80 per cent of 144 recorded events. Using this new technique we have demonstrated the highly dynamic nature of the anal sphincter. Several times an hour the sphincter relaxes with subsequent equalization of rectal and anal pressures, allowing entry of rectal contents into the anal canal so that its presence and nature can be determined. PMID- 3219525 TI - Prospective randomized trial to compare the stapled double lumen pouch and the sutured quadruple pouch for restorative proctocolectomy. AB - Thirty-three consecutive patients having restorative proctocolectomy since April 1986 were randomly allocated to reconstruction using a stapled J pouch (n = 18) or a sutured W pouch (n = 15). There were no deaths, but one patient required pouch excision for ischaemia (J). One patient developed a leak from the pouch necessitating loop ileostomy (J) and one patient had a low pouch vaginal fistula successfully treated by a seton (W). There were no other major complications. Median (range) operative time was 200 min (165-290) for J pouch and 255 min (220 330) for the W pouch (P less than 0.05). In 24 patients followed up for more than 4 months after restoring intestinal continuity, median frequency of defaecation over 24 h was 4 (3-6) for the J pouch and 4 (3-6) for the W pouch. There was no incontinence, urgency or soiling. These results indicate that the quicker J pouch provides identical functional results to the larger W pouch in this series of patients. PMID- 3219526 TI - Abdominoperineal and anterior resection of the rectum with retrocolic omentoplasty and no drainage. AB - Forty consecutive patients scheduled for either low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection of the rectum have been studied. After standard procedures, carried out by all grades of surgeons, the omentum was mobilized as a pedicle graft based on the left gastro-epiploic arcade and transposed to the pelvis or perineum. All wound were closed primarily without drainage. Twenty-six patients had anterior resection, 11 abdominoperineal resection and 3 an extended Hartmann's operation. Patients were assessed clinically and radiographically by Gastrografin enema and ultrasound for evidence of anastomotic leakage, pelvic collections and wound healing. After anterior resection there were three radiological leaks and no overt clinical leaks. One patient had a collection related to a leak. Of 11 perineal wound 8 healed primarily in 2 weeks and all healed by 4 weeks. There was no frank wound breakdown. The three patients who had Hartmann's operations all healed without complication. There were no unavoidable complications of the procedure. Retrocolic omentoplasty is a simple, safe and effective adjunct to rectal surgery. The additional time taken (15-20 min) is well rewarded by sound healing of these operations. PMID- 3219527 TI - Pre-operative or postoperative colonic examination for synchronous lesions in colorectal cancer. AB - A review of 130 consecutive large bowel examinations at which a cancer of the colon or rectum was diagnosed has been undertaken. Of 50 patients examined by colonoscopy, the whole colon was seen in only 21 (42 per cent) and almost half of these had a tumour in the caecum or ascending colon. In most cases, an incomplete examination was the result of narrowing of the lumen by the tumour preventing passage of the endoscope. Of 80 patients examined by double contrast barium enema, the entire length of the colon was visualized in 83 per cent but the quality of the examination was sufficient to confidently exclude synchronous neoplastic lesions in only 51 per cent. The incidence of synchronous cancer in this series was within the expected range, although two such cancers were not detected until laparotomy, but the incidence of synchronous adenomas was two thirds of the expected number in colonoscopy patients and one-third in those examined by barium enema. It is concluded that, in patients with known colorectal cancer, preoperative investigation is unreliable for the detection of all synchronous neoplasia and that patients should have postoperative colonoscopy. PMID- 3219528 TI - Transverse submammary skin incision for thyroidectomy. PMID- 3219529 TI - Persisting superior mesenteric artery syndrome following ileo-anal J pouch construction. PMID- 3219530 TI - Local antiseptic treatment of infected prosthetic vascular grafts in the groin. PMID- 3219531 TI - Bacteriology of mammary duct ectasia. PMID- 3219532 TI - Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy associated with thyroiditis. PMID- 3219533 TI - Solitary cysts of the parotid. PMID- 3219534 TI - Treatment of pancreatic fistula. PMID- 3219535 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy for oesophageal varices in children. PMID- 3219536 TI - Mortality after surgery for chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 3219537 TI - Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after major abdominal surgery in Brisbane. PMID- 3219538 TI - A time for decisions. PMID- 3219539 TI - Preduodenal mechanisms in initiating gallbladder emptying in man. AB - The existence of preduodenal phases of gallbladder emptying in normal volunteers was investigated by evaluating the effect of sham feeding a sandwich (chew and spit) (n = 15), the sight and smell of food followed by sham feeding a cooked meal (n = 15), and gastric distension (intragastric balloon tube) (n = 9) on gallbladder emptying and comparing these responses with those after ingestion of a standard meal (n = 14). A control group given no intestinal stimuli were studied to determine the frequency of spontaneous emptying during fasting (n = 18). 99mTc-EHIDA (2,6 diethylphenylcarbamoylmethyliminodiacetic acid) was used as the biliary tracer. The frequency of gallbladder emptying during fasting was 0.0045/min. Thus, in any 20 min period emptying occurred spontaneously in only about 1 in 11 volunteers. Significant emptying (greater than 5 per cent over 20 min) occurred in 8 out of 15 volunteers after sham feeding a sandwich (P less than 0.001 versus control), in 8 out of 15 volunteers after sham feeding a cooked meal (P = 1.0 versus sandwich sham feed, n.s.), in 6 out of 9 volunteers after gastric distension (P less than 0.001 versus control) and in 14 out of 14 volunteers after meal ingestion. The rate of emptying was significantly greater in the gastric distension and meal ingestion groups compared with other groups (P less than 0.05). However, the emptying rate after sham feeding was not significantly different from spontaneous gallbladder emptying (P greater than 0.05, n.s.). There was no significant difference in time to onset of emptying between the four stimulus groups (P greater than 0.05, n.s.). These results suggest that pre-duodenal stimuli can evoke gallbladder emptying in man, although the precise physiological significance of this phenomenon remains to be established. PMID- 3219540 TI - Surgical treatment of hepatic hydatid disease. AB - The results of surgery in 48 patients with hepatic hydatid disease are described. In 26 out of 32 patients with uncomplicated cysts, conservative surgery with obliteration of the cyst cavity by omentoplasty gave satisfactory results. In contrast, 16 patients with cysts complicated by pyogenic infection or cholangitis required a variety of surgical procedures, including prolonged tube drainage, exploration of the common bile duct, sphincterotomy/plasty and hepatojejunostomy to achieve a satisfactory outcome. The group with complicated cysts also had a much longer postoperative stay (median 30 days) than those with uncomplicated cysts (median 14 days). Two patients died: in one, post-mortem examination revealed carcinoma in the wall of the cyst. PMID- 3219541 TI - ERCP findings and the role of endoscopic sphincterotomy in acute gallstone pancreatitis. AB - A total of 131 patients with acute pancreatitis (of whom 100 had gallstones) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) during the same hospital admission. Urgent ERCP (less than 72 h) was performed in 68 cases and early ERCP (3-30 days) in 63 cases; 47 had predicted severe attacks and 84 had predicted mild attacks (modified Glasgow criteria). The highest incidence of common bile duct stones occurred in those with predicted severe attacks and those who had urgent ERCP. Highly significant correlations were found between age and common bile duct and pancreatic duct diameters. Significant correlations were also found between the common bile duct and pancreatic duct (correcting for age) and between these and the admission serum bilirubin. The common bile duct diameter was greatest in those with common bile duct stones and predicted severe attacks. A considerably lower incidence of pancreatic duct filling occurred in those with predicted severe attacks and common bile duct stones; in predicted mild attacks the pancreatic duct diameter was greater in those with common bile duct stones. In gallstone patients complications were highest in those with predicted severe attacks but more significantly in those with common bile duct stones. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was undertaken in 37 patients with common bile duct stones without mortality. The overall complication rate in gallstone patients was 19 per cent and the mortality rate was 2 per cent. These findings suggest that common bile duct stones cause acute common bile duct and pancreatic duct obstruction and are closely associated with complications. Urgent ERCP for detection of common bile duct stones, and endoscopic sphincterotomy for treatment, is strongly recommended for patients with predicted severe attacks due to gallstones and should also be considered for others who fail to show clinical improvement. PMID- 3219542 TI - A prospective comparison of the effects of placebo, ranitidine and highly selective vagotomy on 24 h ambulatory intragastric pH in patients with duodenal ulcer. AB - Twenty-four hour ambulatory intragastric pH (24 h IGpH) recording, a highly reproducible technique, was used to compare the effects of ranitidine and highly selective vagotomy (HSV) in 20 patients who had been referred for surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer. The 24 h IGpH was recorded when they were taking either placebo or ranitidine 300 mg at 10 pm, and again 4 to 13 weeks after elective HSV. Median 24 h IGpH and 24 h hydrogen ion activity (24 h [H+]) were calculated for each patient. Median (quartile) 24 h IGpH was 1.4 (1.3-1.6) with placebo, 2.2 (1.8-2.7) after ranitidine and 2.6 (1.8-3.7) after HSV. IGpH was significantly higher after both ranitidine (P less than 0.0001) and HSV (P less than 0.0001) than after placebo, but IGpH after ranitidine did not differ from IGpH after HSV (0.5 greater than P greater than 0.4). HSV reduced 24 h [H+] by a median 68 per cent (quartiles, 47-82 per cent) whereas ranitidine reduced it by only 50 per cent (34-69 per cent, 0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05). The 24 h pH recording was then analysed as two distinct periods; 'daytime' (8 am to midnight) and 'night-time' (midnight to 8 am). HSV reduced daytime [H+] by a median 77 per cent (59-93 per cent) whereas ranitidine reduced it by only 30 per cent (13-45 per cent, P less than 0.0001). HSV reduced night-time [H+] by a median 57 per cent (40-83 per cent) but ranitidine reduced it by a median 92 per cent (78-98 per cent, P less than 0.01). Thus, HSV inhibits gastric acidity more during the day than at night, whereas ranitidine given at 10 pm effectively suppresses night-time acidity but is much less effective in suppressing daytime acidity. However both HSV and ranitidine will heal more than 90 per cent of duodenal ulcers. Hence, contrary to Dragstedt's teaching, suppression of nocturnal acidity is not of crucial importance for the healing of duodenal ulcers. PMID- 3219543 TI - Surgical glove perforation. AB - In a study to investigate the incidence and significance of surgical glove perforation, bacterial contamination of surgeons' hands and gloves before and after operation was measured and the gloves tested for damage. Perforations were found in 74 of 582 gloves (12.7 per cent) and occurred in 34.5 per cent of operations. Glove perforation did not influence bacterial counts on the surgeons' hands or on the outside of their gloves. A separate clinical study of 100 adult hernia repairs gave no evidence that perforation increased wound sepsis. After standard pre-operative hand preparation, glove perforations are of no clinical significance to the patient, but their high incidence should alert surgeons to the need for protection against pathogens transmissible during surgery, such as hepatitis B and the human immunodeficiency virus. Protection of the surgeon is the main indication for preoperative change of damaged gloves. PMID- 3219544 TI - Comparison of absorbable materials for surgical haemostasis. AB - The haemostatic effect of two new materials has been compared with surgical gauze and oxidized cellulose using a standardized liver laceration in New Zealand White rabbits. Following excision of a 3 cm2 disc of tissue from the liver, 42 rabbits were randomized to the use of gauze swabs (n = 6), oxidized cellulose (Surgicel) (n = 12), porcine collagen (Medistat) (n = 12) or calcium alginate (Kaltostat) (n = 12) to control the resulting haemorrhage. Blood loss and time to haemostasis were accurately recorded. The absorbable materials were left in situ and animals killed between 2 weeks and 6 months later to examine speed of absorption and resulting adhesions. Calcium alginate stopped bleeding in less than 3 min in all animals compared with a mean (+/- s.e.m.) of 5.7 +/- 0.75 min for porcine collagen, 12.5 +/- 0.9 min for oxidized cellulose and greater than 15 min with gauze (P less than 0.001). Oxidized cellulose and calcium alginate reabsorbed within 3 months leaving a fibrous scar, but a vigorous foreign body reaction was seen with porcine collagen which caused intestinal obstruction in 5 out of 12 animals within 3 months. PMID- 3219546 TI - Cystic change and neoplasia in isolated thyroid swellings. AB - During a 6-year prospective study of clinically isolated thyroid swellings (ITS), 148 (37 per cent) of 395 swellings were cystic as defined by the aspiration of fluid during fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). In the 106 (72 per cent) patients operated upon, 47 per cent of the cystic swellings were neoplastic and 14 per cent were malignant. In men 29 per cent of cystic swellings were malignant and 11 per cent in women. Only twelve cystic ITS were permanently abolished by aspiration and FNAC was inaccurate in predicting neoplasia. The incidence of malignancy in cystic ITS is higher than generally accepted and most cysts not abolished by aspiration should be removed. PMID- 3219545 TI - Endocrine basis for the clinical presentation of hidradenitis suppurativa. AB - Clinical assessment of 134 patients with hidradenitis suppurativa revealed clinical evidence supporting an androgen-based endocrine disorder underlying the condition. Such features included postpubertal onset maximal during the third decade; female preponderance (13:5); premenstrual flare in 57 per cent of women; absence of this flare associated with irregular or anovulatory menstrual cycles; and an increased incidence of obesity and acne. Detailed hormone profiles in 36 female patients and 14 controls showed evidence of relative androgen excess and decreased progesterone levels in those patients without a premenstrual flare. Obesity and enhanced peripheral androgen conversion by apocrine tissue are possible explanations for normal serum androgen profiles in patients with a flare. Precise elucidation of the hormonal abnormality is a prerequisite for effective medical treatment of early disease. PMID- 3219547 TI - Testicular torsion in Bristol: a 25-year review. AB - To identify changes in incidence, presentation, management and outcome, 670 patients with torsion of the spermatic cord presenting in Bristol between 1960 and 1984 have been reviewed. Among the susceptible population of 150,000, the annual incidence of torsion has increased fourfold from 11.2 cases between 1960 and 1964 to 42.8 cases between 1980 and 1984. Throughout this period greater than 90 per cent of patients have been managed by general surgeons. Patients aged between 12-18 years comprised 62 per cent but 20 per cent were 21 years or older. Torsion was commoner in the cold months, 24 per cent of cases occurring during December and January (chi 2 = 30.26, P less than 0.01). When acute torsion was relieved within 12 h of the onset of symptoms only 4 per cent of affected testes were considered non-viable, but beyond this time 75 per cent of patients received orchidectomy. Overall, 238 of 624 (38 per cent) acutely twisted testes were found to be infarcted at operation, and a further 35 patients (6 per cent) had marked testicular atrophy on review 3 months later. The testicular salvage rate has steadily improved from 45 per cent in the years 1960-64 to 67 per cent in 1980 84. Much of the increased incidence of testicular torsion is likely to reflect a greater awareness of the condition by general practitioners. It has been more than matched by an improvement in testicular salvage rate because of earlier referral. PMID- 3219549 TI - Physiological parameters influencing function in restorative proctocolectomy and ileo-pouch-anal anastomosis. AB - Ileo-pouch-anal function has been assessed in 30 patients after restorative proctocolectomy and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Median resting anal canal pressure was only 42 cmH2O (7-113 cmH2O) compared with 100 cmH2O (46 114 cmH2O) in controls (P less than 0.005). Maximum squeeze anal pressures were also significantly lower in pouch patients: 87 cmH2O (25-180 cmH2O) than controls: 143 cmH2O (114-171 cmH2O) (P less than 0.01). The recto-anal inhibitory reflex was absent in all pouch patients but was present in all controls. Maximum pouch or ileal pressures exceeded resting anal canal pressures in three patients. Median volume at first leak during saline infusion was 320 ml (60 ml-no leak) in pouch patients whereas the majority of controls had no leakage (median, none; 450 ml-no leak; P less than 0.05). Threshold pouch sensation (median, 50 ml (0-250 ml] did not differ from rectal sensation in controls (50 ml (0-180 ml] but pouches were less compliant than a normal rectum, median 6.8 ml/cmH2O (2.1-17 ml/cmH2O) and 11.6 ml/cmH2O (4.7-16.2 ml/cmH2O) respectively (P less than 0.05). In patients who had an episode of pelvic sepsis (n = 8) the average number of abnormal physiological indices per patient was 3.8, compared with 1.3 in those with no sepsis (P less than 0.05). There was no difference in the number of abnormalities per patient with a J pouch (2.0; n = 19) or a W pouch (1.9; n = 11). PMID- 3219548 TI - Anal sensation after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. AB - The hypothesis that anal sensation might be better after restorative proctocolectomy with end-to-end ileoanal anastomosis than after mucosal proctectomy with endo-anal anastomosis was tested in this study. Anal sensation was measured in 14 patients before operation, 16 patients after restorative proctocolectomy with end-to-end anastomosis (RP + EEA) and 13 patients after mucosal proctectomy with endo-anal anastomosis 1 cm above the dentate line (MP + EAA). Threshold electrosensitivity was measured in the upper, mid and lower anal canal by means of a bipolar constant current stimulator probe. The 'recto'-anal inhibitory reflex was tested, and the patients' ability to discriminate between flatus and faeces and to release flatus 'safely' was assessed by interview. In the upper anal canal, threshold sensitivity was significantly greater in patients who had undergone MP + EAA than in patients who had undergone RP + EEA (P less than 0.05). In the mid and lower anal canal, electrosensitivity in the three groups of patients did not differ significantly. Twelve patients (75 per cent) regained the 'recto'-anal reflex after RP + EEA, but after MP + EAA only three patients (23 per cent) did so (P less than 0.02). Thirteen patients after RP + EEA could release flatus safely without fear of faecal leakage, compared with only four after MP + EAA (P less than 0.02). The proportions of patients in these two groups who said they were able to discriminate flatus from faeces did not differ significantly. Anal sensation and discriminatory function are significantly better after end-to-end ileoanal anastomosis than after mucosal proctectomy with endo-anal anastomosis. PMID- 3219550 TI - Release of D-[3H]aspartate and [14C]GABA in rat hippocampus slices: effects of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin and Ca2+ withdrawal. AB - Extended incubation of hippocampus slices in the presence of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (FAF-BSA) strongly enhanced the release of D-[3H]aspartate and [14C]GABA induced by veratridine. Saturation of the FAF-BSA with oleic acid abolished the enhancing effect. Spontaneous release and K+-induced release were not significantly changed by the addition of FAF-BSA. Amino-oxyacetic acid in the medium enhanced the veratridine-induced release of D-[3H] aspartate. The spontaneous release of [14C]GABA was greatly increased by Ca2+ withdrawal. With the further addition of EGTA the spontaneous release in the absence of Ca2+ increased more than 8-fold over the measured in the presence of 1.5 mM Ca2+. The enhanced release caused by Ca2+ withdrawal was totally blocked by tetrodotoxin. The toxin was effective even when added after the spontaneous release in the absence of Ca2+ was already proceeding at a high rate. The veratridine-induced release of [14C]GABA was also considerably augmented by Ca2+ withdrawal. D [3H]aspartate release, studied simultaneously with [14C]GABA by double labeling, did not show enhanced spontaneous release upon Ca2+ withdrawal. The findings provide evidence that the enhanced [14C]GABA release caused by Ca2+ withdrawal is mediated by voltage-dependent Na+ channels. PMID- 3219551 TI - Central and peripheral release of vasopressin and oxytocin in the conscious rat after osmotic stimulation. AB - Vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) were measured by radioimmunoassay in push pull perfusates and tissue samples of various brain areas, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of male rats in response to osmotic stimulation. Hypertonic saline caused a significant rise in plasma AVP and OXT and different changes in peptide contents, in the septum and hippocampus at 30 and 60 min after intraperitoneal injection. Push-pull perfusion (20 microliters artificial CSF/min, 30-min periods) of the septum and dorsal hippocampus of conscious, unrestrained animals revealed a significant, stimulus-evoked release of both AVP and OXT. This release was: (1) not always reflected by corresponding changes in the regional peptide content; (2) simultaneous with the peripheral release from the posterior pituitary; and (3) probably the result of synaptic/parasynaptic events as suggested by use of agents in the artificial CSF which either inhibit or facilitate the release from intact fibre terminals. PMID- 3219552 TI - The role of adenylate cyclase in relaxation of brain arteries: studies with forskolin. AB - The natural product, forskolin, which stimulates adenylate cyclase by a direct, non-receptor-mediated mechanism, was studied for its effect on the tension of isolated brain arteries and adenylate cyclase activity of cerebral arteries. Helical strips of bovine and porcine basilar arteries and bovine middle cerebral arteries, which had been precontracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) or KCl, relaxed potently to administration of forskolin with ED50 values, ranging from 22 to 69 nM. Incubation of forskolin with a broken cell preparation of bovine cerebral arteries resulted in an efficacious stimulation of adenylate cyclase, approximating 5 times basal activity at a forskolin concentration of 1 microM. The metal salts nickel chloride and manganese chloride decreased the potency of vasorelaxation by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which stimulates adenylate cyclase via the VIP receptor. In contrast, nickel chloride had little effect on vasorelaxation by forskolin. The endogenous nucleoside, adenosine, which acts via the adenosine receptor and adenylate cyclase, relaxed bovine basilar and middle cerebral arteries with ED50 values ranging from 0.26 to 0.94 microM. The data presented support a role for adenylate cyclase in mediating vasodilation of brain blood vessels. PMID- 3219553 TI - Neurotrophic effects of steroids on lesion-induced growth in the hippocampus. I. The asteroidal condition. AB - Young adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to be gonadectomized (GDX), adrenalectomized (ADX), gonadectomized and adrenalectomized (GDX/ADX) or left intact. One week following initial surgery all animals were subjected to a lesion of the entorhinal cortex (ERC) which partially denervates the ipsilateral hippocampal dentate gyrus. Fifteen days after the ERC ablation, the brains were analyzed for changes in reactive outgrowth of the hippocampal commissural-associational (C-A) afferents. Under intact conditions there were no differences between male and female subjects. Female subjects demonstrated a suppression of sprouting following GDX alone and an enhancement of growth following ADX alone. Reactive growth in male subjects was unaffected by GDX or ADX alone. When placed in the 'asteroidal' (GDX/ADX) condition, reactive outgrowth of male subjects is significantly impaired as compared to female subjects. The results suggest a complex inter-relationship between the gonadal and adrenal hormones and a possible neurotrophic effect for the gonadal steroids. PMID- 3219554 TI - Inhibition of striatal acetylcholine release by endogenous serotonin. AB - We have examined the hypothesis that endogenous serotonin (5-HT) exerts an inhibitory influence on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) in striatum. Striatal slices were prepared from adult rats, preincubated with [3H]choline, superfused, and exposed to electrical field stimulation. The stimulation-induced overflow of tritium into the superfusate was used as a measure of ACh release. We observed that fluoxetine, an inhibitor of 5-HT uptake, reduced ACh overflow in slices prepared from caudal striatum, an area of high 5-HT concentration, but not in slices from rostral striatum, an area of low 5-HT concentration. Moreover, methysergide, a 5-HT antagonist, increased ACh efflux in caudal but not rostral striatum. Finally, direct activation of 5-HT receptors with the 5-HT agonist, quipazine, inhibited stimulation-induced ACh overflow in both rostral and caudal striatum. These results suggest that endogenous 5-HT normally is capable of inhibiting striatal ACh release, and that the extent of the modulation is related to the degree of serotonergic innervation. In addition, 5-HT receptors capable of modulating ACh release are present in 5-HT-poor rostral striatum, as well as in 5 HT-rich caudal striatum. PMID- 3219555 TI - Retention of CS-US association learned under ketamine anesthesia. AB - In order to assess learning possibilities under ketamine anesthesia, rats underwent a pavlovian conditioning (tone paired with foot-shock), and were subsequently tested in a conditioned suppression of lever pressing for food paradigm. First, two sessions of 70 trials were conducted, on 4 groups of anesthetized rats: a conditioned group (group C) experienced the tone (CS+) always paired with foot-shocks, whereas a discriminative group (group D) was submitted to a differential conditioning (CS+ followed by the US and a CS- always presented alone). Another group (habituated, H) received presentations of tone (CS+) alone and the fourth group (naive animals, N) was never anesthetized. Seven days later, while rats were pressing the lever to get food, CS+ presentations elicited a significant conditioned suppression of instrumental responses only in groups C and D. Moreover, a differential effect between CS+ and CS- was obtained for group D. These results indicate that a Pavlovian conditioning can occur under anesthesia, and then that its memory can last at least 7 days. The particular specific effects of ketamine are discussed to account for these results. PMID- 3219556 TI - The effect of amitriptyline on growth of olfactory and cerebral neurons in vitro. AB - The tricyclic antidepressant drug amitriptyline has a detrimental effect on neurite outgrowth in primary explant cultures containing either olfactory receptor neurons or cerebral neurons, from both rat and chick embryos. When the drug is added to the culture medium in doses similar to the plasma concentrations known to be therapeutic in humans, the number of explant cultures expressing neurites is significantly reduced. In higher doses, amitriptyline reduces the amount of olfactory marker protein synthesized by organ cultures of olfactory mucosa. PMID- 3219557 TI - A comparison of the effects of intra-accumbens injections of amphetamine and morphine on reinstatement of heroin intravenous self-administration behavior. AB - In rats previously trained to self-administer heroin intravenously, the application of morphine directly to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been shown to reinstate responding after a period of extinction, suggesting that the activation of mesolimbic dopamine neurons might underlie the priming effects of i.v. injections of opiates and stimulants found previously. In the present experiments rats were trained to self-administer heroin intravenously. Following extinction training, and after a period of at least 30 min of no responding, bilateral microinjections of either 0.5 microliter saline or 10 micrograms/0.5 microliter (+)-amphetamine sulfate were made into the N. accumbens. Amphetamine, but not saline reinstated self-administration behavior for about 1 h. In contrast, bilateral intra-accumbens injections of either 5 or 10 micrograms/0.5 microliter morphine sulfate to these same animals led to only infrequent responses late in the 90 min session. Both drugs increased locomotor activity measured in independent tests. Because the locomotor activity produced by intra accumbens morphine occurs independent of the mesolimbic dopamine system, unlike that produced by VTA morphine and intra-accumbens amphetamine, and because it does not show sensitization, it is argued that the reinstatement effects of opiates and stimulants on self-administration behavior are mediated by the mesolimbic dopamine system, and may be related to the ability of opiates and stimulant drugs to cause sensitization within that system. PMID- 3219558 TI - Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein by differentiated astrocytes is regulated by serum antagonistic factors. AB - We report here that, in culture, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by astrocytes, as well as their shape (flat-polygonal vs. stellate) can be regulated by 4 serum antagonistic factors. Three of these factors are stimulatory, while the fourth exerts an inhibitory effect upon these astrocytic properties. As suggested by temperature and trypsin treatments, the inhibitory factor is a polypeptide or a protein of 15-35 kDa. The stimulatory factors are smaller: two of them have a mol. wt. between 0.2 and 5 kDa; the third is smaller than 0.2 kDa. Treatments with chloroform/methanol, ammonium sulfate, neuraminidase, and papain, indicate that at least one glycolipid and one glycoprotein are involved. We speculate that, during development, cells from the astrocytic line could be susceptible selectively to one or another of these factors, which would explain their great plasticity. PMID- 3219560 TI - Brainstem command systems for locomotion in the lamprey: localization of descending pathways in the spinal cord. AB - The lamprey brainstem contains a 'command system' which descends into the spinal cord to activate motor networks and initiate locomotion. In the present study, partial lesions were made in the rostral spinal cord in order to spare various tracts and determine which tracts carry the descending command signal to the spinal cord. Sparing the medial areas of the rostral spinal cord usually blocked both sensory-evoked and spontaneous locomotion, while sparing the lateral regions of the rostral spinal cord did not abolish voluntary locomotor activity. Either the ventrolateral or dorsolateral spinal tracts could support the initiation of locomotion. Brainstem structures rostral to the mesencephalon were not necessary for the initiation of locomotor behavior. The data indicate that the lateral spinal tracts contain a significant part of the descending command pathway for locomotion. In contrast, the medial spinal tracts were neither necessary nor usually sufficient to support locomotor behavior, suggesting that the larger reticulospinal Muller cells, which project in these tracts, do not contribute significantly to the initiation of locomotion. PMID- 3219559 TI - Tyrosine availability and brain noradrenaline synthesis in the fetus: control by maternal tyrosine ingestion. AB - In spite of substantial evidence that tyrosine availability modulates catecholamine synthesis, under a variety of conditions, in adult brains, its possible influence during brain development has received little attention. In the present paper, the effect of tyrosine when administered to pregnant rats on tyrosine and noradrenaline brain levels in the fetus was investigated. In the first experiment noradrenaline (NA) was detected in the fetal brain by day 13 of development. NA levels increased from days 13 to 19. Administration of tyrosine to the mother raises both tyrosine and NA levels in the fetal brain. The increase in tyrosine was similar on days 13, 15, 17 and 19 of pregnancy. However, the increase of NA was more pronounced on days 17 and 19 than on days 13 or 15. Tyrosine and NA enhancement was detected 30 min after tyrosine administration, persisted for at least 2 h and disappeared completely 6 h after its administration. Both tyrosine and NA increase are tyrosine dose-related. The present studies suggest that there are no important barriers for tyrosine transport between the maternal blood and the fetal brain. Furthermore, during prenatal life the rate of NA synthesis is regulated by tyrosine brain concentration and therefore maternal intake of tyrosine is an important factor for noradrenaline synthesis regulation in the fetal brain. The possible functional significance of noradrenaline brain increase after tyrosine administration are unknown. However, the NA modification could be the cause of the persistent behavioral modification that we have found in adult rats whose mothers were treated with tyrosine during pregnancy. PMID- 3219561 TI - Heart conduction system: a neural crest derivative? AB - Using the anti-neurofilament monoclonal antibody iC8 we report here that muscle fibers of the conduction system of the adult and developing rabbit heart express a cytoskeletal protein antigenically and electrophoretically similar to the middle subunit of neurofilaments (NF-M). In the 11-day embryo a number of cardiac muscle cells also express a neural crest surface marker recognized by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1. Both markers are found in many cells of the 3rd and 4th branchial arches, which are populated by cells of neural crest origin. In the 11-day embryo cells of the 4th branchial arch are in close proximity to and intermingled with the atrial myocardium: cells co-expressing sarcomeric myosin heavy chain with iC8 and HNK-1 immunoreactivity are seen at these sites. The findings suggest that conduction tissue cells of the rabbit heart originate from a population of neural crest-derived cells migrating from the branchial arches into the developing heart. PMID- 3219562 TI - A GABAergic mechanism in the inhibition of cardiac vagal reflexes. AB - A depressor response and bradycardia were produced by aortic nerve stimulation in urethane-chloralose-anaesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rabbits. Stimulation of the superficial peroneal nerve (SP) or rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) inhibited the aortic nerve stimulation-evoked bradycardia, which was also inhibited by direct microinjection of GABA into the dorsal vagus nucleus (DVN). Application of bicuculline methiodide into the same medullary area antagonized the effect of GABA and partially or completely abolished the SP or rVLM stimulation-produced inhibition. However, strychnine hydrochloride had no effect on the SP or rVLM stimulation-produced inhibition. These observations indicate that GABAergic system present at the DVN is possibly involved in the inhibition of evoked bradycardia during somatic afferent and rVLM stimulation. PMID- 3219563 TI - Marked stereospecificity in a new class of anticonvulsants. AB - N-Acetyl-D,L-alanine-N-benzylamide and N-acetyl-D,L-phenylglycine-N-benzylamide are two novel anticonvulsants that selectively blocked maximal electric shock induced tonic extensor seizures in mice. For both compounds, the anticonvulsant activity is due to the D-stereoisomer, and the L-stereoisomer is virtually inactive as an anticonvulsant. The marked stereoselectivity of these anticonvulsants may make them very useful pharmacological tools for the study of the mechanism(s) of anticonvulsants that selectively inhibit maximal electric shock-induced seizures. PMID- 3219564 TI - Evidence that NPY-containing neurons in the brainstem project into selected hypothalamic nuclei: implication in feeding behavior. AB - Recent studies show that bilateral neural transections (NT) at the level of dorsal tegmentum in the mesencephalon significantly increase food intake and decrease latency to onset of feeding behavior in response to neuropeptide Y (NPY). The increased responsiveness to NPY may be due to denervation-induced hypersensitivity to NPY in hypothalamic sites that mediate feeding behavior in rats. To test this hypothesis we have studied the effect of NT on NPY concentrations in 7 neural sites of male rats. Two weeks after NT, NPY levels in 3 hypothalamic nuclei--suprachiasmatic nucleus, arcuate nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamus--were not altered by NT thereby suggesting that NPY innervations in these nuclei may be derived mainly from NPY perikarya in the ARC and elsewhere in the diencephalon. On the other hand, NPY concentrations were markedly decreased (50-60%) in the medial preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus, median eminence and dorsomedial nucleus indicating that a substantial number of neurons in the brainstem, which show coexistence of NPY and adrenergic transmitters, project into these 4 diencephalic nuclei. These findings indicate that NPY-containing neurons in the brainstem may project into selected hypothalamic sites and the reduction in the NT rats of NPY levels, especially in the paraventricular nucleus, may be responsible for the reported increase in sensitivity of the NPY induced feeding response. PMID- 3219565 TI - The effect of cocaine on hippocampal cholinergic and noradrenergic metabolism. AB - Rats treated with L-cocaine HCl exhibited an increase in hippocampal acetylcholine turnover, as measured by a mass fragmentographic technique. Furthermore, the ratio of hippocampal 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol to norepinephrine increased significantly. Possible mechanisms of the increased cholinergic activity are discussed. PMID- 3219566 TI - A study of ionic conductances involved in plateau potential activity in putative vasopressinergic neurons in primary cell culture. AB - Vasopressin neurons in hypothalamic cell culture display regenerative calcium dependent plateau potentials. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms underlying their time course and periodicity. Intracellular recordings showed that the duration of the plateaux was controlled by a progressive activation of a voltage- and calcium-dependent potassium conductance, but not by a progressive inactivation of calcium conductances. The refractory period appeared to be due to a calcium-dependent potassium conductance activated by membrane potential depolarization. PMID- 3219567 TI - Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in neurons in the human pineal gland. AB - Adult human pineal glands were prepared for immunohistochemical analysis using antisera against Leu-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The material shows small neurons located in septae and along the capsule of the gland which exhibit enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. The neurons have fairly extensive dendritic arbors and immunoreactive axons are present in the septae and beneath the capsule, particularly in a perivascular location, and occasionally extend into lobules of the gland among parenchymal cells. No consistent immunoreactivity was observed with other antisera but bundles of axons exhibiting dopamine-beta-hydroxylase or neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity are observed in some of the material in a perivascular location. PMID- 3219568 TI - Anatomical distribution and response patterns of reticular neurons active in relation to acoustic startle. AB - A population of reticulospinal neurons with short latency response to startle inducing stimuli was identified in the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (NRPC) and nucleus gigantocellularis (NRGC) of the medial pontomedullary reticular formation. The threshold and magnitude of response to auditory stimuli was correlated in these cells and in the muscles mediating startle. Startle-related neurons were significantly more likely to have high conduction velocity spinal projections than adjacent cells not related to startle. Startle-related cells were not 'dedicated' to startle, but were active in relation to spontaneous movements. Both the unit response of the startle-related cells and the startle response recorded in muscles were suppressed by the prior presentation of a weak prepulse. Thus, prepulse inhibition of startle occurs at, or prior to, the medial pontomedullary reticular formation. We conclude that these reticulospinal cells convey the output of the brainstem system modulating and triggering startle. PMID- 3219569 TI - Differential burst firing modes in neurons of the mammalian visual cortex in vitro. AB - The firing patterns of visual cortical neurons were studied by intracellular recording in in vitro guinea pig brain slices. On depolarization 57% of the cells exhibited tonic firing of action potentials while the remaining cells (43%) had a phasic component in their response. Phasic cells exhibited a large diversity in their burst characteristics as well as in the burst dependence on the membrane potential. Ionic conductances underlying burst generation appeared to be also diverse, thus bursting neurons in the visual cortex cannot be grouped in a single, homogeneous population. PMID- 3219570 TI - CGS 8216, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, enhances learning and memory in mice. AB - Mice pretreated with the benzodiazepine antagonist, CGS 8216 (2.5, 10, or 40 mg/kg, i.p.) learned a T-maze discrimination to a fixed performance criterion more rapidly than vehicle-treated mice. In retention tests conducted one week later, the drug-treated groups had better first-trial recall and greater difficulty reversing the previously trained maze habit when compared with controls, suggesting improved memory for the previously trained maze habit. The enhanced acquisition and retention following CGS 8216 was similar to that observed previously with another benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil (Ro 15 1788). It is postulated that CGS 8216 and flumazenil could act at benzodiazepine receptors to antagonize a tonic inhibitory influence of endogenous, diazepam like, benzodiazepine receptor ligands on memory processes. PMID- 3219571 TI - Dopamine release at behaviorally relevant parameters of nigrostriatal stimulation: effects of current and frequency. AB - Released dopamine was monitored voltammetrically in the rat striatum in response to electrical stimulation of the nigrostriatal bundle. Stimulation parameters encompassed those typically used in behavioral studies. Dopamine released during intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS)-like stimulation reached a maximum within the first minute of stimulation, then rapidly decreased. The pattern of release obtained with continuous stimulation as a function of current and frequency supports the view that as the stimulation current is increased, a greater number of neurons are stimulated, while increasing the frequency of stimulation results in a fixed population of neurons being stimulated more intensely. Computer modeling of stimulated release from a population of dopaminergic nerve terminals was used to interpret effects of current and frequency and to predict ICSS release patterns as a function of schedule of reinforcement. PMID- 3219572 TI - Cholecystokinin attenuates basal and drug-induced increases of limbic and striatal dopamine release. AB - Subcutaneous administration to mice of the sulfated octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK; 0.2-1 mg/kg) lowered dopamine release and metabolism in the caudate-putamen and frontal cortex in a dose- and time-related manner. Twelve fold higher doses of CCK were required to lower dopamine release and metabolism in the olfactory tubercle. Amphetamine-induced increases in dopamine release but not metabolism in the caudate-putamen and olfactory tubercle were attenuated in a dose-related manner by CCK. Increases in dopamine release and metabolism following haloperidol were also attenuated by CCK. These data are consistent with the potential antipsychotic action of CCK receptor agonists. CCK appears to be a suppressor of striatal, limbic and cortical dopamine release, especially when release is augmented. PMID- 3219573 TI - Effect of unilateral renal denervation on bilateral renal response to saline loading in anteroventral third ventricle-lesioned rats. AB - Our previous experiments demonstrated that lesions in the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region of the brain attenuated natriuretic and diuretic response to saline loading in rats. To further assess if renal nerves are involved in this impaired response, we compared the effect of acute unilateral renal denervation on the response to saline loading in AV3V-lesioned and intact rats. Rats with electrolytic ablation in the AV3V region were prepared 4 weeks prior to experiments. The arterial blood pressure (BP) and bilateral renal responses to acute expansion of plasma volume by saline loading (0.388 ml/min for 1 h) were measured in rats under pentobarbital anesthesia. Saline loading before renal denervation induced a smaller increase in bilateral renal excretion of sodium and water in AV3V-lesioned rats than in control rats. Acute renal denervation produced ipsilateral natriuresis and diuresis without causing significant change in the excretory functions of the contralateral kidneys in both the lesioned and the control rats. BP and glomerular filtration rate of both groups of rats remained unaltered. The denervation-induced natriuretic and diuretic responses in the lesioned rats were not significantly different from those of the control rats. Subsequent saline loading increased bilateral renal excretion of sodium and water in both groups of rats. However, the previously observed attenuation of natriuretic and diuretic responses to saline loading in rats with AV3V lesions was abolished after renal denervation. These results suggest that the integrity of the AV3V region is necessary for normal regulation of sodium and water balance. Furthermore, there is a functional connection between the renal nerve and the AV3V region in modulating renal excretion during volume expansion. PMID- 3219575 TI - Diurnal variation in vasopressin and oxytocin messenger RNAs in hypothalamic nuclei of the rat. AB - Diurnal changes in the expression of the vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) genes in the supraoptic (SON), paraventricular (PVN) and suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the rat were investigated by dot-blot and in situ hybridization of the VP and OT mRNAs. A significant diurnal variation in VP mRNA level was measured in the SCN, with highest levels around 17.00 h and lowest levels around midnight. No variations in levels of VP mRNA and OT mRNA were detected in SON and PVN. The data indicate that the regulation of the VP gene in the SCN is independent of that in the magnocellular nuclei. PMID- 3219574 TI - Functional [14C]2-deoxyglucose mapping of progressive states of status epilepticus induced by amygdala stimulation in rat. AB - Electrical stimulation of rat amygdala induced self-sustained steady-state seizures (status epilepticus (SE] within 60 min. These SE states varied in behavioral severity from mere alteration of motility to frank clonic convulsions. Four distinct behavioral states were observed: immobility, exploration, mastication and clonus. These SE states were associated with [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography anatomic patterns that were correspondingly more extensive and complex. Four distinct 2-DG activation patterns were observed: a restricted pattern involving several discrete limbic nuclei, including amygdala; more extensive patterns involving numerous limbic areas, first unilaterally, then bilaterally; finally the most extensive pattern involving widespread areas of forebrain. These data imply a systematic progression of seizure activity: originating in the amygdala, then spreading to some direct amygdala projection areas, and from there to a restricted network of interconnected ipsilateral limbic nuclei. This restricted network then recruits most of the remaining limbic structures, first ipsilaterally, then contralaterally. Finally, most of the basal ganglia, thalamus and neocortex are recruited. PMID- 3219576 TI - Insulin-like growth factor II in the rat choroid plexus. AB - In situ hybridization histochemistry has been used to demonstrate the expression of the mRNA for insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) in the adult rat choroid plexus. IGF-II mRNA was found in the choroid plexus cells by using two different probes specific for different parts of IGF-II sequence. Parallel studies on consecutive sections showed that message for a choroid plexus marker transthyretin mRNA was also localized in the same choroid plexus cells. PMID- 3219577 TI - Transient increases and individual variations in preprocholecystokinin gene expression in rat telencephalic regions during postnatal development: a quantitative comparison between preprocholecystokinin mRNA and preproenkephalin mRNA. AB - Postnatal development of the tissue levels of mRNAs encoding preprocholecystokinin and preproenkephalin in rat telencephalic regions was analyzed by quantitative dot blot hybridization using synthetic RNAs as standards. Preprocholecystokinin mRNA levels per tissue weight showed distinct peaks in the frontal cortex and hippocampus on postnatal days 10 and 20, respectively, while preproenkephalin mRNA levels in these regions showed no apparent peaks. In the striatum, preproenkephalin mRNA abundance linearly increased 8-fold from day 5-43, while a transient increase in the preprocholecystokinin mRNA abundance between days 10 and 20 was noted. Furthermore, the striatal levels of preprocholecystokinin mRNA showed marked individual variations during the early period of postnatal development. These results suggest transient and variable increases in cell density and/or in gene expression of cholecystokinin-synthesizing cells in the developing telencephalon. PMID- 3219579 TI - On the development of strain and sex differences in granule cell number in the area dentata of house mice. AB - Male and female house mice of 6 inbred strains high or low in granule cell number as adults were examined at 3 immature postnatal ages beginning with day 13, and in young adulthood at day 84. The difference between mice of high and of low strains was present by postnatal day 13. Possible contributions of both incremental and decremental developmental events must be considered. Both males and females exhibited a reduction in granule cell number between postnatal days 20 and 27. Competition for efferent target cell sites was considered as a basis for sex-independent granule cell death, but no supporting evidence was obtained. Females displayed a greater reduction in granule cell number than did males. Thus, a sex dimorphism (females lower) appeared at that time. A low-level testosterone effect acting during this period of granule cell death, or a long term consequence of high perinatal testosterone levels, might be responsible. PMID- 3219578 TI - Anti-oxidant enzymes in fetal guinea pig brain during development and the effect of maternal hypoxia. AB - The development of the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was studied in the fetal guinea pig brain at 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 days of gestation. The activities of these enzymes remained constant during 30-45 days of gestation and increased significantly during the 45-60 day period, with the exception of superoxide dismutase, which remained unchanged throughout the gestational period. The enzyme activities in fetal brain tissue at every gestational age were unaffected by maternal hypoxia (inspired oxygen, 7% for 40 min). The concurrent development of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase during 45-60 days of gestation indicates an increased ability of the fetal brain to detoxify lipid peroxidation products by reinforcing the glutathione system. The results of this study indicate that the anti-oxidant enzymatic defense mechanisms in the guinea pig brain are fairly mature at birth. However, these mechanisms are underdeveloped during the early stages of gestation and, therefore, during this period the brain might be at potential risk for lipid peroxidative damage under conditions leading to increased formation of oxygen free radicals. PMID- 3219580 TI - Developmental study of factors controlling microtubule in vitro cold-stability in rat cerebrum. AB - The ability of crude cerebrum supernatant to stabilize, at a low temperature, cold-labile microtubules purified from beef brain was studied during development in the rat. The cold-stabilizing activity of the supernatant was low during the first postnatal week, rose significantly during the second postnatal week, and thereafter continued to increase to the adult level. The partial purification of stable-tubule-only polypeptide (STOP) from the supernatant showed that high amounts of this protein exist at all ages, especially in young animals. The age related increase in the microtubule cold-stabilizing activity of the cerebrum supernatant resulted from a developmental decrease in factors inhibiting STOP activity. The present study shows that (1) a close temporal correlation exists between the in vitro and in situ acquisition of cold-stable microtubules during brain development, (2) STOP activity may account for this acquisition, and (3) STOP activity is controlled by inhibiting factors that decrease with age, in turn allowing increased stability of the microtubular apparatus, a necessary condition for the development of neuronal processes. PMID- 3219581 TI - Gap junctions in goldfish preoptic ependyma: regional variation in cellular differentiation. AB - Ependyma adjacent to the goldfish preoptic neurosecretory nucleus was examined with transmission electron microscopy. Ependymal cells adjoining the rostroventral end of the nucleus were spindle-shaped with their long axes perpendicular to the ventricular surface. Gap junctions and desmosomes were common near the apical (ventricular) ends of these cells, and less frequent laterally in the ependymal layer. Ependymal cells in more caudodorsal preoptic regions (adjacent to large neurosecretory cells) were progressively more pleomorphic. The frequent occurrence of apparently internalized gap junctions and of gap junction fragments enclosed within lysosome-like organelles indicated extensive turnover of these junctions, or uncoupling. Ependymal cells in the caudodorsal region formed gap junctions on their lateral and basal (abluminal) surfaces with glial processes containing bundles of intermediate filaments. Subependymally, these processes (presumptive radial glia) were parallel to one another and coupled together by gap junctions. Neurites containing dense core vesicles occasionally invaginated into ependymal cells in the caudal region, but did not appear to form gap junctions. Previous observations indicate continuing maturation and growth of the goldfish preoptic area with neurosecretory cell formation rostroventrally and a rostroventral to caudodorsal gradient of maturation. The present findings suggest a parallel and related gradient in preoptic ependyma. Ependymal cell differentiation possibly involves loss of gap junctions, and radial migration or differentiation into underlying neurons and glia. PMID- 3219582 TI - Development of phorbol ester (protein kinase C) binding sites in cat visual cortex. AB - Tritiated phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate [( 3H]PDBu), a phorbol ester, was utilized to autoradiographically localize protein kinase C (PKC) in the cat visual cortex. Thin, slide-mounted sections of adult cat brain were used to characterize binding of [3H]PDBu. This was found to be saturable, reversible, and more readily displaced by phorbol ester than by synthetic diacylglycerols. Binding sites displayed a tissue concentration of 20 pmol/mg protein, and a dissociation constant of 8.0 nM. [3H]PDBu was slow to associate with its receptor, requiring 9.5 h to reach equilibrium. Autoradiograph revealed that PKC is heterogeneously distributed in the cat brain, and displays a laminar-specific pattern in the visual cortex. This laminar distribution undergoes marked changes during the first two months of postnatal life. In the visual cortex of neonatal kittens, [3H]PDBu binding is confined to layers I and V. Layer III acquires high levels of binding by postnatal day 15, layer II by 28 days, and layer VI becomes labelled by 40 days of age. Adult animals exhibit high levels of binding in all laminae except layer IV. Age-dependent changes in PKC's laminar distribution do not seem to be correlated with specific anatomical, neurochemical, or behavioural events during development. PKC appears to be associated with cell bodies or processes intrinsic to the visual cortex, and is probably not located on the terminals of cortical afferents. PMID- 3219584 TI - Development of the monosynaptic reflex pathway in the human spinal cord. AB - Development of the monosynaptic reflex pathway of the spinal cord was investigated in 96 neurologically normal infants with ages ranging from 25 weeks in postconceptional age (PCA) to 24 months after full-term delivery (PDA) by examining H-reflexes from the triceps surae and hypothenar muscles in terms of their incidence, latency and maximal size in reference to the maximal M-wave. The triceps H-reflex was evoked in all cases, and the latency was longest (26 ms) in the youngest case of 25 weeks (PCA). It gradually shortened until full-term gestation, reaching the shortest value of 17 ms (mean). The H-reflex size initially increased until full-term gestation, reaching the maximum value of 70% and then reducing gradually to the plateau level of about 30% at 12 months (PDA). The hypothenar H-reflex could not be elicited until 32 weeks (PCA). The time course of changes in its latency and size was similar to those of the triceps H reflex, except that it could not be elicited after 12 months (PDA). Thus, the monosynaptic reflex pathway is already functioning at the age of 25 weeks (PCA) in man. The significance of the systematic change in latency and excitability of the H-reflex with age is discussed. PMID- 3219583 TI - Proliferation and differentiation are not directly related to H1(0) accumulation in cultured glial cells. AB - A basic nuclear chromatin protein with electrophoretic mobility of H1(0) histone is present in C6 rat glial cells and in primary cultures of rat brain astroglial cells. That this protein is identical to H1(0) is further demonstrated by the finding that it accumulates in C6 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner in response to butyrate, an agent which is known to induce this protein in other cell types. Other short-chain fatty acids were found to influence H1(0) levels similarly although to a lesser extent than butyrate. There was a very close correlation between the induction of H1(0) and the inhibition of growth induced by different concentrations of short-chain fatty acids which supports the idea that the concentration of this protein is higher in non-proliferating cells. However, when cell growth was inhibited by dexamethasone or agents that increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, H1(0) levels were not affected, even though these compounds also blocked DNA synthesis and induced morphologic changes in C6 cells. These observations suggest that, at least in glial cells, the accumulation of H1(0) is specifically caused by short-chain fatty acids and that suppression of cell division or commitment to differentiation are not sufficient 'per se' for the induction of this protein. PMID- 3219585 TI - Neonatal lesions of the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons result in abnormal cortical development. AB - The effect of electrolytic lesions of the neonatal forebrain on the morphogenesis of the mouse neocortex has been examined. Balb/C mice were lesioned unilaterally within 24 h of birth. The development of cortical cytoarchitecture was assessed in Nissl-stained sections, and the levels of presynaptic markers for cholinergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic afferents were measured in the fronto-parietal cortex ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion at various postnatal ages and in adulthood. The basal forebrain (nBM) lesion resulted in a transient but severe reduction of cortical cholinergic markers and in abnormal cortical cytoarchitecture. Cytoarchitectural abnormalities were expressed as delay in the emergence of differentiated cell populations and affected sequentially more superficial layers with maturation following lesion. Furthermore, the location and extent of these morphologic abnormalities appeared to correlate with the degree of cholinergic denervation. Cortical monoamines were also temporarily reduced as a result of the lesion; however, pharmacologic lesions of the monoaminergic projections alone did not result in the abnormal cortical cytoarchitecture. Thus, the basal forebrain cholinergic projection appears to serve a role in regulating cortical differentiation. PMID- 3219586 TI - Effects of clonidine and propranolol on separation-induced distress in infant rhesus monkeys. AB - In primates, separation of an infant from its mother is a naturally occurring stressor resulting in activation of behavioral, endocrine, and autonomic systems. When separated from their mothers, infant rhesus monkeys emit frequent species typical distress vocalizations ('coos'). In earlier work we demonstrated that opiate and benzodiazepine systems influence the frequency of coos induced by separation in infant rhesus monkeys. The present studies assessed the role of alpha 2- and beta-adrenergic systems in mediating distress vocalizations. We found that the alpha 2 agonist, clonidine (33 and 67 micrograms/kg), reduced activity levels without affecting separation-induced coos. Only at 100 micrograms/kg were distress vocalizations reduced, and this was associated with behavioral sedation. In the same animals, morphine (0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg) selectively reduced distress vocalizations without affecting activity. Thus, the effects of clonidine, 100 micrograms/kg, appear to be due to non-specific sedation. We next assessed whether antagonism of beta-adrenergic receptors reduces separation distress. We administered propranolol over a wide dosage range to a different group of animals and found that a high dose (20 mg/kg) increased separation-induced coos while decreasing the activity levels. That such a high dose was necessary to affect coo vocalizations suggests that effects on vocalizations are due to non-specific effects of the drug. Unlike propranolol, morphine administered to these animals did not affect activity levels but did selectively reduce distress vocalizations. These findings suggest that alpha 2- and beta-adrenergic systems do not specifically mediate separation-induced coos in infant rhesus monkeys. However, as demonstrated in an earlier study, opiate systems have a prominent role. PMID- 3219587 TI - Influence of developmental auditory deprivation on neuronal ultrastructure in the mouse anteroventral cochlear nucleus. AB - Developmental auditory deprivation caused mouse anteroventral cochlear nucleus neurons to have significantly fewer auditory nerve terminals and more non auditory nerve terminals. This suggested that stimulation regulated the developmental arborization of auditory nerve terminals and competition for synaptic space. Intracellularly, mitochondria were smaller and darker in the deprived neurons and appeared less active metabolically. Interference with these neuronal processes may underlie the impaired development seen in auditory deprivation. PMID- 3219588 TI - Electrically induced locomotion in the in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation. AB - Electrical stimulation of the brainstem was used to induce locomotion in the in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation. Recordings of electromyograms in 'limb attached' preparations revealed an apparently adult-like step cycle. The lowest threshold sites were localized in the posterior midbrain (reticular formation in the peribrachial area and in the ventral reticular formation) and in the medioventral medulla (dorsolateral to the pyramids). PMID- 3219589 TI - Ontogeny of adenosine uptake sites in guinea pig brain: differential profile of [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine and [3H]dipyridamole binding sites. AB - The ontogenetic profile of adenosine uptake sites was investigated in guinea pig cerebral cortex and cerebellum using as ligand probes the uptake inhibitors, [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine ([3H]NBI) and [3H]dipyridamole ([3H]DPR). In cerebral cortex [3H]NBI binding was highest at E50 and decreased subsequently until P28 while in cerebellum after a first peak at E50 and a subsequent decline it increased again until P28. [3H]DPR binding increased by 25% from E40 to P28 in cerebral cortex while in cerebellum hardly any binding could be detected before E50 and it afterwards increased by more than 250% until P28. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that [3H]NBI labeled approximately as many sites as [3H]DPR in cerebral cortex at E44 while at P28 [3H]DPR labeled more than double as many sites. Accordingly, NBI was more potent in displacing [3H]DPR binding at E44 than at P28. These findings suggest that part of the [3H]DPR binding sites, i.e. the NBI-insensitive one develops later than [3H]NBI binding sites during ontogeny in guinea pig cerebral cortex and cerebellum. PMID- 3219590 TI - Control of cell number in the developing neocortex. II. Effects of corpus callosum section. AB - To determine if cell death participates in the regulation of cell number between interconnecting populations of the neocortex, we sectioned the corpus callosum of neonatal hamsters, thus depriving callosally projecting cells of their normal targets and callosally-recipient cells of their normal afference. The numbers of neurons per unit column in two areas of the cortex which have heavy callosal projections (the 17-18a border and area 6) and one area that is relatively acallosal (area 3) were compared in animals with early corpus callosum sections and controls. No differences were found, either for a 'unit cortical column,' or for the callosally-projecting layers (II-III and V). Mean soma sizes in layers II III and V of all three areas were likewise unchanged. In area 6 and part of area 3, however, the distribution of soma sizes in callosally projecting and recipient laminae was significantly altered. The change in size distribution without change in mean soma area suggests that the cortex responds to the elimination of the callosal pathway in more than one way. Since no role for cell death in removal of diffuse connectivity or in target regulation of neuron number has yet been found, a new hypothesis for the function of cell death in local cytoarchitectural differentiation of the cortex is proposed. PMID- 3219591 TI - A comparative study of myelination in precocial and altricial murid rodents. AB - The development of myelin staining was compared in two closely related rodent species, the precocial Acomys cahirinus and altricial Rattus norvegicus. While the progression of myelin staining was similar in both species (motor tracts myelinated before sensory systems, which were followed by forebrain fiber systems), the timing of maturation differed considerably: (1) at the same postconception age (PC38) Rattus was substantially more mature than Acomys, suggesting a relatively earlier onset of myelination in Rattus; although (2) from PC38-PC45, Acomys exhibited much more rapid growth than Rattus, indicating divergence in the rate of myelination. Both species appeared to reach maturity at a common postconception age corresponding to the time of weaning (PC45). PMID- 3219592 TI - Dendritic pattern formation involves both oriented regression and oriented growth in the barrels of mouse somatosensory cortex. AB - The dendritic structure of neurons in the inner one-third of the wall of the barrels of somatosensory cortex was examined in animals at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days of age. In adults, dendrites of these neurons project largely towards the barrel hollow. The amount of dendrite in the hemifield towards the barrel hollow, in which thalamic afferents terminate, increased with age, while the amount in the hemifield away from the hollow decreased, as measured by dendritic intersections with concentric rings. Loss of primary dendritic branches across these ages occurred both for dendrites arising on the side of the soma oriented away from the barrel hollow and for dendrites on the side of the soma nearest to the hollow. The loss of primary branches was much greater on the side away from the hollow. The amount of dendrite per primary branch increased for branches oriented towards the hollow, whereas it did not change or was somewhat reduced for those branches that remained on the side of the soma opposite the hollow. Thus both the selective loss of entire branches and the selective embellishment of others occur during the development of these somatosensory cortical structures. PMID- 3219594 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase in the inner ear of the guinea pig. AB - L-Ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of polyamine synthesis and a possible marker enzyme for tissue proliferation and maturation, has been found in the developing guinea pig cochlea using the unlabelled horseradish-peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. Ornithine decarboxylase-like immunoreactive material was detected in the neurons of the Ganglion spirale and in their axonal and/or dendritic fibers. The location of the enzyme and the possible functional role of ornithine decarboxylase plays in the development and maturation of the auditory organ and of the hearing process are discussed. PMID- 3219593 TI - Differential effects of granule cell transplantation on two sprouted axonal systems in granuloprival coeruleocerebellar cultures. AB - Exposure of coeruleocerebellar cultures to cytosine arabinoside for the first 5 days in vitro destroyed granule cells and induced sprouting of cortical neurites (Purkinje cell recurrent axon collaterals) and catecholaminergic fibers. Transplantation of such granuloprival cultures with kainic acid-treated cerebellar explants as a source of granule cells resulted in a reduction of silver-positive cortical neurites, but not of histofluorescent catecholaminergic axons. Tissue levels of catecholamines were similar in transplanted and nontransplanted cultures. Differences in types of contacts made with target Purkinje cells in vitro may account for the difference in response to granule cell transplantation by the two axonal groups. PMID- 3219595 TI - Effect of low dose ethanol on the EEG of alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats. AB - Low dose ethanol has been shown to differentially affect the behavior of alcohol preferring (P) and -nonpreferring (NP) rats. The present study was undertaken to determine if this differential effect is reflected in the EEG of these two rat lines. Frontocortical and hippocampal EEG were recorded from P and NP rats after intragastric infusions of ethanol (0.5 g/kg) and vehicle. Spectra were created from sequential 8-second epochs and power was calculated for frequency bands 0-4, 4-8, 8-16 and 16-50 Hz. Band power data was then grouped according to the rat's behavior and compared for P and NP rats. During nonREM sleep, ethanol produced a persistent increase in power in the NP rats, while power in the P rats was initially decreased, then returned to baseline. This differential effect was seen at both recording sites. The results suggest the P rats were midly aroused by low dose ethanol, while the NP rats were mildly sedated. PMID- 3219596 TI - Long-term effects of basal forebrain lesions on cholinergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic markers in mouse neocortex. AB - Lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons projecting to cerebral cortex and hippocampus have recently been exploited as animal models for some of the neurochemical and behavioral deficits of Alzheimer's disease. We have observed that electrolytic lesions of cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei can lead to morphological plasticity in adult mouse cortex. In the present study, the acute and chronic sequelae of basal forebrain electrolytic lesion on cortical synaptic chemistry have been examined. In addition to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, levels of norepinephrine and of serotonin were reduced within a week after the lesion. Recovery of ChAT activity and of serotonin levels began within a month after the lesion. Serotonin type 2 receptor binding exhibited an acute reduction after the lesion in ipsilateral cortex, followed later by a chronic bilateral decrease. No significant changes in beta-adrenergic receptors were apparent at any time after the lesion despite a permanent and bilateral reduction of norepinephrine levels after the lesion. The potential significance of these results for cortical plasticity regulation and Alzheimer's disease is discussed. PMID- 3219597 TI - The lip-clip: a simple, low-impedance ground electrode for use in human electrophysiology. AB - A simple and effective ground electrode is described for use in human electrophysiological recordings. This electrode consists of a wire clip that holds a silver disc of 1 cm diameter which is clipped to the lower lip of the subject. It is found that this simple ground electrode reduced the background noise and/or stimulus artifact at least as effectively as other conventional grounding techniques. PMID- 3219598 TI - A nonlinear amplifier for improving signal-to-noise ratio of single-unit recordings. AB - A simple electronic circuit is described that suppresses the baseline noise and enhances the amplitude of extracellularly recorded action potentials. The circuit is useful for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of single-unit recordings, especially for potentials recorded by chronically electrodes. PMID- 3219599 TI - Monoamines in the caudal neurosecretory complex: biochemistry and immunohistochemistry. AB - Monoaminergic inputs to the caudal neurosecretory complex (CNc) of Poecilia latipinna have been identified using histofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques. The present study was undertaken to identify specific monoamines and determine the relative contribution of indolamines and catecholamines in supraspinal and intrinsic innervation of the nucleus. The CNc was deafferented by transecting the spinal cord rostral to the CNc. Ten days subsequently, CNc of spinal-transected and control fish were processed for either biochemical or immunohistochemical analysis. Norepinephrine and serotonin were detected in pooled samples of control CNc. Following deafferentation, the content of both monoamines was diminished. Using immunohistochemical labeling for serotonin or for the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), the number of monoamine fibers was decreased in deafferented CNc compared to control. A substantial serotonergic innervation remains after deafferentation, as evidenced by serotonin-positive neurons and heavy, varicose fibers. Occasional TH/DBH-positive cells and fibers remain after deafferentation. These data suggest that both norepinephrine and serotonin are associated with descending supraspinal projections, while serotonin predominates as the intrinsic monoamine. PMID- 3219601 TI - Computer simulations of cardiac action potentials in two dimensions. AB - A novel method of calculation is presented which allows computer simulations of action potentials for a two-dimensional, planar reconstruction of the depolarization phase of a cardiac action potential to be followed through nonuniform tissue. The calculation is explicit in type and assumes an infinite, grounded extracellular region. A 70 by 70 point region is calculated swiftly on a PC/AT. Results show elliptical isochrones when slow and fast directions have different resistivities. The time derivative of Vm is, however, similar in both directions. Insertion of a test region of tissue with high resistance results in wave-like propagation of the A.P. around the 'bad' region. PMID- 3219600 TI - Synaptogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus: effects of in utero ethanol exposure. AB - In animal models of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, ethanol causes a number of changes in brain development, with many of these changes being very transient. This is especially true for the process of synaptogenesis in different brain areas. Our quantitative electron microscopic study of synaptogenesis in the molecular layer of the rat dentate gyrus supports the above statement, by demonstrating that ethanol has no effect on the appearance of synapses in the dentate gyrus during early postnatal life (10-30 days old). However, prenatal ethanol exposure does appear to affect the process of synapse turnover, which is indicated by the significantly delayed appearance of complex (curved) synapses and multiple synaptic contacts on single axonal terminals. Efficient synapse turnover is thought to be required for the normal maintenance of neuronal plasticity, which in turn ensures an animal's ability to respond to novel environments, tasks and injuries. It would seem that the prenatal neurotoxicology of ethanol may manifest itself by more subtle mechanisms at sites of structural and functional importance. PMID- 3219602 TI - Behavioral correlates of self-stimulation, flight and ambivalence. AB - Behavioral phenomena consisting of approach (self-stimulation, SS), flight and ambivalence (approach-flight) elicited by intracranial stimulation (ICS) along the neuraxis from the forebrain to the hindbrain were filmed and analyzed. The main findings were: (1) approach, flight and ambivalence could be obtained from all levels of the brain; (2) no single fixed behavioral pattern was common to approach or ambivalence; (3) there were instead different patterns which varied according to the area but some of the individual features of these patterns were at times common to several brain areas; (4) exploration with sniffing was found to be the most frequent behavior accompanying both approach and ambivalence. For SS, exploration was organized in the following topographical manner: nonsystematically at the level of the dorsal pons, diffused at the raphe, scattered at the level of the ventromedial mesencephalon (VMT), and focalized at the level of the lateral hypothalamus; (5) the highest intensities of SS, flight and ambivalence were found in the more caudal areas, namely the VMT for approach, the posterior mesencephalic reticular formation for ambivalence and the ventral region of the reticularis pontis caudalis (RPC) for flight; (6) in approach behavior for SS, when the point of stimulation was changed from the medio-frontal cortex to the posterior hypothalamus and VMT, an orderly change from depression to excitation of locomotor activity appeared. However, in the case of the locus coeruleus (LC) and adjacent dorsal tegmentum, SS by bursts was correlated with either intense motor activity or transitory periods of adynamia followed eventually by progressive ambivalence after bursts of SS; (7) approach and ambivalence elicited from areas known or believed to be involved in sleep regulation (midbrain raphe, LC and proximal dorsal pontine areas) were accompanied by what at first appeared as disruptive behaviors; but other complex behaviors were noted which suggest that during alertness, these areas may be involved in behaviors that are phylogenetically important for the development of motor and cognitive functions and most likely also in the behavioral manifestations of major psychiatric illnesses. PMID- 3219603 TI - Parasagittal thalamic knife cuts retard Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning and abolish the tachycardiac component of the heart rate conditioned response. AB - Rabbits received parasagittal knife cuts lateral to the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD), severing afferents and efferents to and from the prefrontal cortex. These animals were compared to sham animals in a Pavlovian eyeblink and heart rate conditioning experiment in which a tone was the conditioned stimulus (CS) and paraorbital electrical shock was the unconditioned stimulus (US). Knife cuts retarded acquisition of the eyeblink conditioned response (CR), and abolished the late-occurring tachycardiac component of the heart rate CR. These data are compatible with previous experiments which suggest that MD participates in the sympathetic control associated with somatomotor learning. PMID- 3219605 TI - Adrenergic control of DNA synthesis in developing rat brain regions: effects of intracisternal administration of isoproterenol. AB - Catecholamines are hypothesized to control cellular development in the central nervous system. In the current study, isoproterenol administered intracisternally to neonatal rats was found to inhibit DNA synthesis [( 3H]thymidine incorporation) in brain regions. The regional selectivity of effect corresponded to the sequence of cellular maturation, namely midbrain + brainstem greater than cerebral cortex greater than cerebellum, suggesting that the specific linkage of beta-adrenergic receptors to cessation of cell replication occurs during a specific maturational stage. PMID- 3219606 TI - Methods of single unit recording from medullary neural substrates in awake, behaving guinea pigs. AB - An electrophysiological procedure that permits extracellular single neuronal recording in the medulla of unanesthetized, freely behaving animals is described. System components consist of 1) a flexible, single-strand microwire as recording electrode; 2) a miniature, skull-mounted miniature microdrive used for isolation of single unit activity; and 3) a head-mounted voltage follower that conditions and stabilizes the neuronal signals prior to amplification and transmission for further processing. A unique advantage of this procedure is the latitude and provision for microwire replacement in the event that multiple penetrations are desired or the tip of the microwire recording electrode is insulated as a result of gliomatosis. With minor modification, this technique can be used for single unit recording virtually anywhere along the supra-segmental neuraxis. Technical aspects of this procedure, together with details of design and fabrication of implantable devices, chronic instrumentation procedure, and potentials for other chronic applications, are discussed. PMID- 3219604 TI - Pressor responses to amastatin, bestatin and Plummer's inhibitors are suppressed by pretreatment with the angiotensin receptor antagonist sarthran. AB - The aminopeptidase inhibitors, amastatin (AM) and bestatin (BE), and carboxypeptidase inhibitor Plummer's (PL) were applied intracerebroventricularly (ICV) in rats following pretreatment with the angiotensin receptor antagonist sarthran (Sar1,Thr8-AII) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Angiotensin II (AII) was also included as a comparison vasoactive peptide. Pressor responses were recorded at 30 min intervals for 90 min to ascertain the duration of the antagonistic effect of sarthran on subsequent injections of AM, BE, PL and AII. Sarthran was effective in suppressing pressor activity to AII- and PL-induced pressor activity until 60 min following pretreatment, and AM- and BE-induced pressor responses until 90 min following pretreatment. These data suggest that AM, BE and PL are having their pressor effects via the central angiotensinergic system and that the patterns of AM, BE, PL and AII recovery from the influence of a specific angiotensin receptor antagonist are similar. The results are consistent with the concept that these inhibitors may increase endogenously synthesized angiotensins which are associated with pressor responses. PMID- 3219607 TI - Effects of lesion and stimulation of rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus on the pain system. AB - Electrolytic lesion and stimulation of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) were investigated in Wistar albino rats. 1) Discrete lesion of the ARH is followed by hyperalgesia as manifested by significantly high values of pain rating in the formalin test and by depressed analgesic effect of electroacupuncture stimulation on digastric electromyogram (dEMG) activity. 2) ARH stimulation appreciably suppressed both the responses of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) and dEMG activity induced by tooth pulp stimulation. The suppressive influence of ARH stimulation on the responses of LHA neurons was antagonized by intraperitoneally injected and electrophoretically applied naloxone. It is thus suggested that the ARH is involved in induction or modulation of opioid-mediated analgesia. PMID- 3219608 TI - Phorbol ester stimulates hexose uptake by brain microvessel endothelial cells. AB - Glucose uptake into cultured endothelial cells (EC) derived from brain microvessels was determined in the absence and presence of 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), EGTA, the calcium ionophore A23187, and insulin. EC were obtained from dog and human (autopsy) brain microvessels and maintained in culture for up to four passages. Monolayers of EC were treated with TPA and other compounds immediately prior to harvesting for hexose uptake measurements using 3-O-[3H]methyl-D-glucose, 2-[3H]deoxy-D-glucose, or D [3H]glucose. Typically, treatment with TPA (0.1-100 ng/ml) resulted in hexose uptake levels 2 to 3 times those of controls, although occasionally levels 5 to 10 times those of controls were observed. Similar stimulation was observed with all radiolabeled hexoses. Stimulation by TPA was greatest in primary or first passage cells and was greatly diminished in older cells. Neither chelation of extracellular calcium with EGTA nor the presence of both EGTA and A23187 in the culture medium prevented the stimulatory effect of TPA. Insulin (1200 ng/ml) failed to stimulate hexose uptake. Treatment with 100 ng/ml TPA did not alter the appearance of actin filaments in canine EC as visualized with rhodamine phalloidin. These results, in combination with other recent studies, suggest that blood-brain glucose transport may be regulated by phorbol ester-activated protein kinase C. PMID- 3219609 TI - Endogenous opioid systems and neural cancer: transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies of murine neuroblastoma in tissue culture. AB - Endogenous opioid systems participate in carcinogenic events. To understand further the action of opioids on growth, S20Y neuroblastoma cells in tissue culture were exposed to i) [Met5]-enkephalin, a naturally occurring opioid pentapeptide, at a concentration (10(-6) M) that inhibits cell replication by 66% of control levels, ii) [Met5]-enkephalin (10(-6) M) and the opioid antagonist naloxone (10(-6) M) which blocks opioid agonist action, or iii) naltrexone (10( 6) M), a potent antagonist that disrupts endogenous opioid-opioid receptor interaction and increased cell number 76% above control values. The morphology of cells exposed to these agents for 2-4 days were similar to controls (i.e., exposed to sterile water) as determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These results support the hypothesis that endogenous opioid systems act as trophic factors as they regulate growth; their effects on cell growth and survival, however, do not alter the basic ultrastructural morphology of the cells. Moreover, these data strengthen the validity of paradigms and therapeutic regimens that utilize opioid agonists and antagonists to modulate the relationship of endogenous opioid-opioid receptor interactions in neural cancer. PMID- 3219610 TI - Cultured human and canine endothelial cells from brain microvessels. AB - Cultures of endothelial cells (EC) derived from human (autopsy) and canine brain microvessels were characterized with respect to growth, morphology, and biochemical features. The endothelial nature of these cells was confirmed by analyses of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, Factor VIII-related antigen, and ultrastructure. Human EC required coated substrates and tumor-conditioned medium to achieve rapid growth, and cells derived from human microvessels were morphologically diverse. In contrast, canine EC grew rapidly on plastic substrates and produced colonies of uniform morphology. Morphological variations of EC were associated with the use of heparin-containing medium and with the use of a commercially-prepared basement membrane extract (Matrigel). Lectin histochemistry demonstrated that human EC lack the abundant alpha-galactose residues characteristic of canine EC membranes and organelles and that canine EC lack the alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine residues which are associated with human EC. The lectin Ricinus communis agglutinin I may be useful for distinguishing canine EC from pericytes. Gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins revealed protein bands present in human EC at Mr 210,000 and 37,000-39,500 which were not present in canine EC. These proteins may be related to the presence of junctional complexes in cultures of human EC. PMID- 3219611 TI - Reticulo- and trigemino-hypoglossal connections: a quantitative comparison of ultrastructural substrates. AB - Axon terminals were identified and characterized by electron microscopy after injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the spinal V nucleus (SPVN) or the medullary reticular formation adjacent to the XIIth nucleus. The synaptic organization and topology of these two different populations of hypoglossal afferents (T-XII and R-XII respectively) were determined by quantitative comparisons. Significant differences were obtained in the ratios of morphological types of terminals, sizes of axonal endings and their location on postsynaptic structures. Axon terminals containing spherical vesicles (S-terminals) and those with flattened/pleomorphic vesicles (F-terminals) were anterogradely labeled with HRP from both injection sites. However, the S/F ratio for R-XII terminals was 1.2:1 compared to 2.6:1 for T-XII afferents. Asymmetrical membrane densities (Gray Type I) were the predominant form of junctional specialization for S terminal synapses. Asymmetrical densities with subjunctional dense bodies/bars (S Taxi) were associated with a higher proportion of T-XII synapses than R-XII synapses. Almost all of the F-terminals from both sources had symmetrical densities (Gray Type II). The average diameter of R-XII terminals was greater than that of T-XII terminals. R-XII-F terminals were the largest terminals. The majority of axon terminals from both sources formed axodendritic synapses. However, R-XII terminals had a higher incidence (10% vs. 3%) of axosomatic contacts. The proportion of R-XII-F-terminals decreased from the central toward the distal dendrites, whereas the opposite was found for T-XII-F and T-XII-S terminals. In contrast to these findings, R-XII-S-terminals were more uniformly distributed on dendrites of all sizes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219612 TI - Lateral and medial hypothalamic lesions do not acutely affect brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. AB - The acute effect of lateral (LH) and medial (MH) hypothalamic lesions on mitochondrial GDP binding in brown adipose tissue (BAT) (an index of thermogenic state) was studied one and two days postlesion. Groups of rats were lesioned, sham-lesioned, or unoperated and were all fasting. An additional group of unoperated rats had access to food throughout the study. The objective was to determine whether the hypermetabolic state and rapid weight loss known to be induced by LH lesions were attributable to the activation of BAT thermogenesis, and, if so, whether these effects were specific for LH lesions. No effect of either lesion on BAT thermogenic state could be detected at either time studied. Despite that fact, LH-lesioned rats, but not MH-lesioned rats, were hyperthermic at both times. We conclude that the prolonged hyperthermia which occurs shortly after LH lesions is not due to an activation of BAT thermogenesis. Instead, it can be likened to the febrile state in which an initial and brief activation of both nonshivering thermogenesis in BAT and shivering thermogenesis in muscles occurs only during the rising phase of the fever and is suppressed as soon as a stable hyperthermic state is reached. It thus appears unlikely that substantial and prolonged activation of BAT thermogenesis is a major mechanism that promotes exaggerated short-term weight loss in the LH-lesioned rat. PMID- 3219613 TI - Neocortical transplants in the micrencephalic rat brain: morphology and behavior. AB - Normal fetal (E18) neocortical tissue transplanted into the hypoplastic posterior neocortex of infant (10 +/- 2-day-old) rats with transplacentally induced micrencephaly developed into very large, healthy, and permanent transplants. Although the cellular organization within the transplants rarely resembled that of normal rat neocortex, the transplants formed a broad area of interface with the host brain and established fiber connections with it. When tested at 2 months and 1-year-of-age, the presence of the transplant had no significant effect on the typically abnormal performance of micrencephalic rats on two tests of unspecific function, open field activity and maze learning. However, a small group of micrencephalic rats in whom the transplant tissue had failed to fill in the small brain lesions inescapably inflicted during surgery, showed greater behavioral deficits than the micrencephalic controls, suggesting that the transplant had corrected the lesion effect. PMID- 3219614 TI - Effects of sulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. AB - Sulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) was applied by superfusion (2.1 x 10(-7) to 4.2 x 10(-6) M) to neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) in slice preparations of the rat medulla oblongata. Intracellular recordings show 23 of 54 (43%) neurons to be depolarized and the depolarization to be associated with an increase in membrane input resistance; 6 of 54 (11%) neurons were hyperpolarized and the hyperpolarization was associated with a decrease in membrane input resistance. Both effects were dose-dependent, reversible and persisted after blockade of synaptic transmission by Ca2+ free/high Mg2+ solution. On the other hand, nonsulphated CCK-8, a nonactive analogue of CCK-8, had no effect. These data show that vagal neurons in the DMV have receptors for CCK-8 and that CCK-8 may modulate vagal output mainly by increasing neuronal excitability. PMID- 3219615 TI - A microcomputer-based system for automated EEG collection and scoring of behavioral state in cats. AB - A data acquisition and analysis system based on an Apple II microcomputer has been developed for use in sleep studies in the adult cat. The system reliably counts delta, spindle, and EMG waveforms, PGO waves, and REMs using amplitude and frequency criteria. These data can be used to algorithmically score sleep-wake state with high reliability (greater than 90% agreement with manual scoring). This method allows for automatic and quantitative analysis of selected EEG waveforms and sleep-wake states with less expense, more time savings, and greater convenience than manual scoring. PMID- 3219616 TI - A signal averaging program. AB - The article describes the hardware and software required for an inexpensive signal averaging system. PMID- 3219617 TI - [Nomenclature of genes and gene products of the HLA complex 1987]. PMID- 3219619 TI - An Introduction to magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3219618 TI - [Cytologic diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma using thin-needle aspiration]. PMID- 3219620 TI - MRI in pregnancy: the diagnosis of vasa previa by magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3219621 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the CNS. PMID- 3219622 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit. PMID- 3219623 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in the investigation of temporo-mandibular joint disorders. PMID- 3219624 TI - Cardiovascular MRI. PMID- 3219625 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas. PMID- 3219626 TI - The stir sequence in MRI of neoplastic lesions. PMID- 3219627 TI - MRI in thoracic malignancy. PMID- 3219628 TI - The detection of metastatic disease of the spine in oncology patients using MRI. PMID- 3219629 TI - The detection of recurrent and metastatic malignant disease in the pelvis using MRI. PMID- 3219631 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging systems equipment hardware today and tomorrow. PMID- 3219630 TI - Gadolinium-DTPA: a new contrast agent. PMID- 3219632 TI - The Bristol MRI Centre. PMID- 3219633 TI - The physics of magnetic resonance imaging: a simplified approach. PMID- 3219634 TI - MRI and the District General Hospital. PMID- 3219635 TI - [Anesthesia using intramuscular methohexital for cerebral computed tomography in the child. Apropos of 100 cases]. AB - Computed Tomography scans of the head demand a perfect motionless state, requiring sedation or general anesthesia for young children. Taking into account that CT Scan is innocuous, the proposed method of sedation must be devoid of any risk. A study was made about one hundred cases of intramuscular methohexital sedation of children, ages 3 weeks to 6 years (average age 26.05 +/- 19.95 months and average weight 9.9 +/- 4.07 kilograms). Children's medical antecedents were heavy foetal suffering, artificial ventilation at birth time, anticonvulsant medication for thirty percent of children. Average duration of the Scan was 35.8 +/- 12 minutes, with injection of contrast material in 83 percent of children. Injection of iodized material brings on a glow of warmth that can induce withdrawal movements of the child. Contrast material is used at the dose of 2 milliliters per kilogram. In general, CT Scan is performed after a clinical examination of the child, without any premedication. The child receives methohexital saline 2.5 percent solution intramuscularly deep in outer upper quadrant of the buttock, 10 mg per kilogram-1. Once the sedation is obtained, an infusion of isotonic glucose is set on to compensate fasting. The child, spontaneously breathing, is clinically and under ECG monitoring watched over at a distance. At the end of the Scan, children are observed in the recovery ward for 46 +/- 18 minutes before going back to their ward or their parents. Intramuscular methohexital provided adequate sedation to 96 patients. Two cases of failure to achieve a motionless state required general anesthesia induced with halothane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219637 TI - [The hospital in a catastrophic situation]. PMID- 3219636 TI - [Determination of pentazocine in biological liquids]. PMID- 3219638 TI - [A vertiginous syndrome: a side effect of buprenorphine?]. PMID- 3219639 TI - [Myasthenia presenting during general anesthesia]. PMID- 3219640 TI - [Respiratory distress on recovery from anesthesia due to tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 3219642 TI - [The future of anesthesiology in France]. PMID- 3219641 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy secondary to pheochromocytoma and surgical indications]. PMID- 3219644 TI - [Surgery of cholesteatoma ears with good hearing]. PMID- 3219643 TI - A possible protective mechanism by zinc sulfate against ethanol-induced gastric ulceration in rats. PMID- 3219645 TI - Prospective urodynamic study before and after radical hysterectomy. PMID- 3219646 TI - [Evaluation of 4% xylocaine anesthesia for the urethral pressure profile measurement and cystometry]. PMID- 3219647 TI - [Optic nerve decompression]. PMID- 3219648 TI - [Primary carcinomas of the lung and upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 3219649 TI - [Demonstration of immunoreactive calcitonin in sera of lung cancer and COPD patients]. PMID- 3219650 TI - [Pulmonary cryptococcosis with spontaneous resolution--although with high serum cryptococcal antigen titer]. PMID- 3219651 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of a congenital anomaly of isochromosome 18q--a case report. PMID- 3219652 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the stomach in a newborn--a case report]. PMID- 3219653 TI - [Cholesteatoma of the maxillary sinus--a case report]. PMID- 3219654 TI - [Speech rehabilitation for laryngectomees ]. PMID- 3219655 TI - [Vagina cancer]. PMID- 3219656 TI - Endobronchial hamartoma--report of two cases. PMID- 3219657 TI - Safety and efficacy of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in rheumatic mitral stenosis: early results and short-term follow-up in 32 consecutive patients. PMID- 3219658 TI - [Oligodendroglioma in children--a case report and a review of the literature]. PMID- 3219659 TI - Pentylenetetrazole inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase, and stimulates GABA aminotransferase in homogenates from rat cerebral cortex. AB - The mechanism by which pentylenetetrazole provokes convulsions in animals has been investigated by measuring its influence in vitro on the activities of several enzymes of glutamate metabolism in rat brain homogenates. Pentylenetetrazole does not affect the specific activities of glutamine synthetase, glutaminase, or glutamate decarboxylase; it inhibits those of glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase, and stimulates that of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase. The overall consequence of the action of pentylenetetrazole on the activities of these enzymes should be an increase in the concentration of glutamate and a decrease in that of GABA. This modulation of glutamate and GABA metabolism by pentylenetetrazole could contribute to the triggering of convulsions. PMID- 3219660 TI - Hindlimb skeletal muscle blood flow during sympathetic nerve block before and during acute anemia. AB - The role of sympathetic innervation in the regulation of hindlimb skeletal muscle blood flow (QL) and metabolism was studied prior to and during acute anemia in anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated dogs (n = 8). Neural activity in the sciatic nerve was reversibly cold blocked for a 15-min period at control hematocrit (Hct., 51%) and again at 30 min of anemia (Hct., 14%). At the end of each experiment the sciatic nerve was transected and maximally stimulated (frequency, 10 Hz; duration, 2.0 ms). Arterial blood pressure and QL were measured continuously; skeletal muscle vascular hindrance (ZL) and oxygen uptake (VO2) were calculated. When the sciatic nerve was cold blocked prior to and during anemia, ZL decreased to the same absolute value and VO2 remained unchanged. Prior to anemia the mean QL increased (p less than 0.05) from 99 to a peak value of 165 mL.kg-1.min-1 during cold block; QL had returned to control by 10 min of cooling. During anemia, QL increased (p less than 0.05) from 160 to 307 mL.kg-1.min-1 during sympathetic cold block, while maximal sympathetic stimulation decreased QL to 87 mL.kg-1.min-1. QL remained above (p less than 0.05) the anemia control value (160 mL.kg-1.min-1) at 10 min of cooling. Hindrance increased from 0.30 to 0.38 peripheral resistance units/centipoise following the induction of anemia and this was shown to be sympathetically mediated because hindrance was decreased to the same level during cold block prior to and during anemia. PMID- 3219661 TI - Relationship between transmural potential difference and smooth muscle slow waves and contractility in the rabbit small intestine in vitro. AB - The relationship between transmural potential difference (PD) and smooth muscle electrical and mechanical activity was investigated in the rabbit ileum in vitro. Transmural PD was monitored using agar salt bridge electrodes connected via calomel half cells to an electrometer. Force displacement transducers recorded predominantly longitudinal smooth muscle activity. Concurrently, predominantly circular muscle activity was recorded at three sites using intraluminal pressure probes. At the same sites, suction electrodes monitored electrical activity of the smooth muscle. In all experiments, fluctuations in transmural PD were temporally linked to smooth muscle mechanical and electrical activity. The frequency of PD oscillations, electrical slow waves, and cyclic pressure changes were identical within each segment. Adrenaline abolished smooth muscle electrical spiking, all mechanical activity, and transmural fluctuations in PD. However, the slow waves were not abolished, though their frequency was increased. Phentolamine but not propranolol reversed the effects of adrenaline, thus slow wave frequency is influenced by alpha-adrenergic stimulation in the rabbit ileum. In conclusion, oscillations in transmural PD are unrelated to the ionic processes associated with the slow wave. However, they are in some way linked to smooth muscle contractile activity, possibly via an intrinsic neural mechanism as observed in the guinea pig. PMID- 3219662 TI - Vascular escape from vasoconstriction and post-stimulatory hyperemia in the superior mesenteric artery of the cat. AB - Vascular escape is seen as a partial recovery from initial vasoconstriction despite continued constrictor stimuli. Escape in the feline intestine (superior mesenteric artery) occurred for i.a. norepinephrine (NE) infusions (56% escape for low dose, 40% for high dose NE) and for sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) (65% for 1 Hz, 49% for 3 Hz, 44% for 9 Hz). Adenosine infusion or blockade of adenosine receptors (8-phenyltheophylline) did not alter the escape, showing that endogenous adenosine levels are unlikely to play any role in the mechanism of escape. Other aspects of escape were studied: equiconstrictor doses of NE given i.a. or i.v. lead to similar degrees of escape; propranolol and ouabain did not alter escape; the degree of escape was significantly greater for the low dose NE and the 1-Hz SNS than for higher intensities of stimulation, however, escape did not inversely correlate significantly with the initial degree of vasoconstriction when all data were pooled. Post-stimulatory hyperemia occurs upon cessation of vasoconstrictor stimuli, reaches a peak conductance within 1 min, and returns to baseline within about 3 min. Hyperemia was quantitated from the peak vasodilation and from the area under the flow-hyperemia curve. The hyperemias were not related to NE dose or SNS frequency nor did they correlate with initial vasoconstriction or extent of vascular escape. Contrary to the hypothesis that adenosine may mediate hyperemia, adenosine infusions reduced the response and adenosine receptor antagonism tended to elevate the response. Propranolol and ouabain did not produce significant effects on post-stimulatory hyperemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219663 TI - Hepatic blood flow: estimation from clearances of very low dose infusions of ethanol in cats. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine the accuracy and validity of estimations of hepatic blood flow from systemic clearances of ethanol during very low dose (8 mumol.min-1.kg-1) infusions of ethanol in anesthetized cats. Systemic clearances were compared with directly measured hepatic blood flow using a hepatic venous long-circuit technique. This technique allowed direct measurement and alteration of hepatic blood flow and collection of arterial, portal, and hepatic venous blood samples without depletion of the animal's blood volume. In 18 cats, Vmax for ethanol was 93 +/- 7 mumol.min-1 per 100 g liver or 21 +/- 2 mumol.min-1.kg body weight-1 and Km was 144 +/- 19 microM in terms of logarithmic mean sinusoidal concentration. At the dose of 8 mumol.min-1.kg body weight-1 used for estimation of hepatic blood flow, extraction was 0.95 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- SD). Systemic clearance of ethanol overestimated directly measured hepatic blood flow by 15 +/- 16%. Hepatic blood flow changes expressed as percentages of the control level were accurately estimated from systemic ethanol clearance (100 +/- 10%). Since 73 +/- 12% of the infused ethanol was eliminated by the liver and 83 +/- 11% was eliminated by the splanchnic bed, an extrasplanchnic uptake of 17% accounted for the overestimation of hepatic blood flow. Estimation of hepatic blood flow from systemic clearances of ethanol during very low dose infusions may have advantages over other clearance methods. Its use in cats was illustrated in a separate series of experiments and it was shown that surgery significantly reduced hepatic blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219664 TI - Phasic influences of vagal stimulation on atrioventricular conduction. AB - The beat-by-beat changes in atrioventricular (AV) conduction evoked by constant frequency and phase-coupled vagal stimulation were examined both qualitatively and quantitatively in 13 anesthetized dogs. The effects of pacing cycle length and sympathetic activity on the vagally induced phasic changes in AV conduction were also characterized. When the vagal stimulus interval was nearly equal to the pacing cycle length and the vagal stimulus moved progressively through the cardiac cycle, AV interval oscillated in a rhythmic fashion. The rhythmicity of the vagally induced AV interval oscillations was altered substantially by changes in either the vagal stimulus interval or the pacing cycle length. The vagally induced AV interval oscillations were abolished during phase-coupled vagal stimulation; however, the magnitude of the resultant steady-state AV interval depended on the time relative to the phase of the cardiac cycle that the vagal stimulus was delivered. In the presence or absence of sympathetic stimulation, a vagal stimulus falling approximately 200 ms prior to atrial depolarization evoked the greatest prolongation in AV interval, regardless of the pacing cycle length. Additionally, the effects of combined sympathetic and phase-dependent vagal stimulation on the AV interval were additive. These data confirm that the influence of a vagal stimulus on AV interval can be predicted from the phase in the cardiac cycle that the vagal stimulus is delivered. Moreover, this phase dependency of vagal effects evokes marked qualitative variations in AV interval response patterns when either the vagal stimulus interval or the pacing cycle length is altered. PMID- 3219665 TI - Nitrendipine blocks high potassium contractures but not twitches in rat skeletal muscle. AB - The effects of the organic calcium channel blocker nitrendipine was tested on electrically evoked twitches and on potassium depolarization-induced contractures of rat lumbricalis muscles. Nitrendipine (10(-7) to 5 X 10(-5) M) blocked only the potassium contractures. It was concluded that blocking calcium uptake through the slow voltage-sensitive calcium channels during potassium depolarization blocks the mechanical response of the muscle. Thus extracellular calcium ions are required for the excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling during depolarization contractures. On the other hand, electrically evoked twitches were not affected by nitrendipine; therefore, extracellular calcium ions entering via the slow voltage-sensitive channels are not required for E-C coupling during the twitch. PMID- 3219667 TI - The effect of exercise duration on the exercise and post-exercise oxygen consumption. AB - This study was designed to determine the effect of duration (30, 45, 60 min) of exercise at 70% VO2 max on oxygen consumption during the exercise and post exercise periods and if the post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is related to elevated tympanic temperature. Two male and three female volunteer subjects cycled at 70% VO2 max for 30, 45 and 60 min. The EPOC increased 2.35 and 5.3 fold when exercise duration was increased from 30 to 45 min and from 30 to 60 min respectively. The time for VO2 to return to resting levels following exercise was 128 +/- 4.4 min, 204 +/- 15.9 min and 455 +/- 30.0 min after the 30, 45 and 60 min exercise bouts. Tympanic temperatures were stable at 38.6 degrees C after approximately 30 min of exercise, but all had fallen to resting conditions approximately two hours post-exercise. The correlation between core temperature and EPOC, and RER and EPOC, was r = 0.64-0.75 and r = 0.86-0.89, respectively. These data emphasize the importance of extending the work time for elevating the energy cost during and post-exercise, and suggest that the EPOC can be explained in part by the effects of elevated temperature and metabolic substrate. PMID- 3219666 TI - Aftercontractions and excitation-contraction coupling in rat cardiac muscle. AB - Calcium loading in cardiac muscle may cause spontaneous contractions (SC). We observed that SC move at a constant rate (Vsc) through isolated rat myocytes and trabeculae. Factors that influence the properties of SC were studied with Nomarsky microscopy and laser diffraction techniques. Myocytes and trabeculae were superfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution (21 degrees C, pH 7.35; Ca2+, 0.5-7 mM). Vsc in myocytes and within cells of trabeculae ranged between 50 and 150 micron/s. After a train of 3-25 stimuli at 2 Hz, SC in trabeculae started at a site of damage in a region 250 micron in length throughout the muscle. This regional contraction then moved at a constant rate (Vsc) along the length of the muscle. Vsc increased from 0.1 to 15 mm/s with stimulation and Ca2+. Under conditions of calcium loading, spontaneous twitches also occurred throughout the trabeculae, often as triggered arrhythmias. These twitches were always preceded by SC. The range of observed Vsc could be predicted by the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release hypothesis. We postulated that the contraction by virtue of focal calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and was stimulated this process together with the processes of diffusion into the cytosol, binding to calmodulin and troponin, sequestration by the SR, and subsequent induction of Ca2+ release from the adjacent SR. The parameters used for the kinetics of binding, release, and sequestration were obtained from those reported in the literature. The minimal and maximal velocities derived from the simulation were 0.09 and 25 mm/s, respectively. The method of solution involved writing the diffusion equation as a difference equation in the spatial coordinates. Thus, bounded, coupled, and ordinary differential equations in time were generated. The coupled equations were solved by using Gear's sixth order predictor--corrector algorithm for stiff equations along with reflective boundaries. These calculations were performed on the Cyber 205 at the University of Calgary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219668 TI - A survey of the race profiles of cyclists in the pursuit and kilo track events. AB - A survey was made of national- and international-calibre men and women track cyclists who rode in three separate world-class competitions on the Argyll Velodrome, Edmonton, Canada. Race profiles were obtained from 222 riders who competed in the pursuit and 1000 m time trial (kilo) events. Mean lap times (MLT) and optimal race profiles (ORP) were constructed, and served as the bases of comparison between top- and bottom-ranked riders. The survey showed that riders whose race profile failed to approximate the ORP always lost to riders whose race profile did so. The most likely cause of poor race performances is the inefficient use of the cyclists' anaerobic energy resources. PMID- 3219669 TI - Sequencing of endurance and high-velocity strength training. AB - To compare two sequences of endurance (E) and high-velocity resistance (HVR) training, sixteen male oarsmen were separated into Group ES which trained endurance prior to strength and Group SE which trained strength prior to endurance. The endurance program consisted of up to 60 min a session, five days a week for five weeks. HVR exercise was conducted on 12 stations of variable resistance hydraulic equipment, four sessions per week for five weeks. Endurance training significantly improved VO2max and submaximal heart rate and blood lactate responses in both groups regardless of the sequence followed. HVR training improved VO2max in group SE only and had no effect on submaximal response to exercise. Peak torque increases for knee extension and flexion with HVR training were greater in group SE than group ES. These results show that organizing strength and endurance training into sequential programs can influence the physiological adaptation to training. PMID- 3219670 TI - Electro-mechanical response times and muscle strength after sleep deprivation. AB - This study examined the effect of 60 h of sleep deprivation (SD) on electromechanical response times (EMRT), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), rate of force development (RFD), and times required to reach various percentages of MVC, during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction of both the forearm flexors and leg extensors. Eleven male subjects were either sleep deprived for 60 h (E) or performed similar daily activities and slept 7 h per night (C). Performance variables were evaluated at the same time intervals during both conditions. No significant differences were observed between the E and C conditions for EMRT (pre-motor time, electro-mechanical delay, total reaction time) or muscular performance (MVC, RFD). The results suggest that subjects who have undergone 60 h of SD can react as fast, and with as much force, as those who have had 7 h of sleep per night. PMID- 3219671 TI - A survey of age group ice hockey goal keepers. AB - How large are age group ice hockey goal keepers who defend goals in the Canadian amateur hockey system? This and similar questions regarding physical size were the subject of a survey of age group ice hockey goal keepers from six age categories recognized by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. Of these six categories, only four, namely Mite, Pee Wee, Bantam, and Midget were sampled with sufficient frequency to be reported here. A non-amateur seventh category entitled Professional was also examined using the same survey instruments. The goalers participating in the survey provided anecdotal information, were weighed, height measured, and then photographed while in their goal keepers' 'crouch', both with and without their full goal keeping equipment. Non-inferential statistics of central tendency and dispersion were used to examine normalcies of anthropometric measures, proportionality of growth process, and distribution of apparent body size as determined from the blocking area of the body (frontal perspective). PMID- 3219672 TI - National alpine ski team career and education survey. AB - Past and current National Alpine Ski Team (NAST) members were surveyed via a mailed questionnaire regarding their educational progress and attainment, career path, parental education and income, as well as their perceptions as to the effect of skiing on dimensions of personal development. The questionnaire was completed by 86% of the total possible (64 of 74) respondents. Although it was found that educational progress was retarded by involvement in elite level skiing, this conclusion could only be drawn if it was assumed that in skiers between 13 and 21 years of age, each one year change in chronological age is 'normally' accompanied by similar academic progress. It was found that upon retirement from NAST 78% of the skiers continued their formal education, with a high level of success. These results were compared to other studies concerning educational attainment. PMID- 3219674 TI - Mathematical representation of sprint running. PMID- 3219673 TI - [A theoretical model of the transition phase in human locomotion]. AB - In this study we examine the bifurcation of the transition between walking and running. Beuter and Lalonde (1986) have conjectured that the pertinent parameters separating walking and running can be described by a cusp singularity (Thom, 1972). In this model, the unidimensional state space is characterized by support duration and the bidimensional parameter space is characterized by the subject's weight and speed. To test this model eight males walked and ran on a motor driven treadmill at an increasing or decreasing speed with or without additional loads corresponding to 0%, 7% and 14% of their body weight. Velocities corresponding to transitions between the two modes of locomotion indicate that on the average the walk-run transition occurs at higher speed than the run-walk transition illustrating an hysteresis effect. In addition, the average difference between the transitions decreases as the load increases [mean 0 = 0.235 m/s, +/- 0.09 m/s, mean 7 = 0.104 m/s, +/- 0.07 m/s and mean 14 = 0.041 m/s, +/- 0.06 m/s] corresponding to an F ratio of F = 2.72, 0.05 less than p less than 0.1. A comparison of the differences in transition velocity at 0% and 14% is statistically different (t = 2.8, p less than 0.025). These results tend to support the existence of an elementary cusp singularity separating the two locomotion modes and suggest that the mechanisms controlling these transitions can be described by a hysterisis cycle and a small number of parameters. PMID- 3219675 TI - Measure the breath-by-breath oxygen uptake (VO2) during a Wingate anaerobic power test. PMID- 3219677 TI - Major depressive disorder and panic disorder. Effects of comorbidity on treatment outcome with antidepressant medications. AB - Recent studies suggest that major depressive disorder (MDD) and panic disorder (PD) may coexist in a significant number of patients. The relevance of this association may be such that patients with the simultaneous diagnosis are at risk for more severe psychopathology and poorer treatment outcome. To explore this possibility further, we compared treatment outcome of two groups of patients: one with comorbidity of MDD and PD (N = 19) and another with MDD only (N = 22). Patients with comorbidity of MDD and PD scored significantly worse on a number of outcome assessments. PMID- 3219676 TI - Effects of progabide on bicuculline-induced epileptic seizures in developing rats. AB - The effects of progabide, a direct gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist, on bicuculline-induced seizures have been tested in developing rats, ages 7-28 days, to study the correlation between the antiepileptic effectiveness of this drug and the level of functional maturation of the GABAergic system. The incidence, latency of appearance, and behavioral characteristics of the epileptic manifestations, their evolution toward status epilepticus, and the percentage of recovery from status epilepticus have been evaluated in rats that had received a single injection (treatment) or three successive daily administrations (pretreatment) of progabide. The results have been compared with those obtained in a control group of animals in which only bicuculline had been injected. In rats ages 7-14 days the treatment appears to be substantially ineffective in protecting animals against bicuculline seizures and their consequences, probably because of the substantial immaturity of the GABAergic system at birth and during the first days of life. At this age, repetitive administrations of progabide cause a protective anticonvulsant action more remarkable than the single injection, particularly when using the higher doses of the substance. In 15-28 day-old rats, the treatment significantly reduces the lethality from status epilepticus but does not substantially modify the incidence of seizures, their latency of appearance, or their evolution toward status epilepticus. As in younger animals, in these rats also pretreatment is more effective than treatment against bicuculline seizures, whatever dose of progabide is used. At this age, therefore, the anticonvulsant properties of progabide appear to be more remarkable than in the previous age, probably because of a higher level of development of the GABAergic system, according to biochemical data on the GABAergic system ontogenesis. PMID- 3219678 TI - The effect of bromocriptine on speech dysfunction in patients with diffuse brain injury (akinetic mutism). PMID- 3219679 TI - Long-lasting movement disorder induced by intravenous phenytoin administration for status epilepticus. A case report. PMID- 3219680 TI - Carbamezapine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PMID- 3219681 TI - Innovative US involvement in international medical education. PMID- 3219682 TI - New therapeutic approach to aortic dissection complicated by cardiac tamponade. AB - The management of aortic dissection with cardiac tamponade may result in increased blood pressure and thereby itself make the aortic dissection worse. Nevertheless, it is important to prevent cardiac failure caused by cardiac tamponade. We describe a case of aortic dissection with cardiac tamponade. Echocardiography and aortography showed DeBakey IIIb-type aortic dissection with retrograde dissection, complicated by cardiac tamponade and aortic insufficiency. To treat this condition, a new therapeutic approach was undertaken. A vasodilator was administered, then pericardiocentesis guided by echocardiography was performed. To prevent abrupt elevation of blood pressure in response to the relief of cardiac tamponade, the pericardial aspiration was carried out slowly- it took four hours for the complete drainage of 415 ml of blood--and a vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, was administered. After drainage, cardiac function was reversed fully, and the systolic pressure was controlled under 140 mmHg. Then, using extra-corporeal circulation, the surgical procedure was performed successfully. We conclude that it is useful to treat cardiac tamponade by controlling blood pressure with slow drainage and use of a vasodilator in preparation for performing the surgical procedure. PMID- 3219683 TI - Levo-carnitine, its derivatives, and free fatty acids in serum, heart, liver, and muscle of both tumoral and alcoholic rats. AB - We present a comparative study of carnitine-related fatty acid metabolism in rats bearing a Yoshida sarcoma, in chronic alcoholic rats, and in control rats. Levels of levo-carnitine, acetylcarnitine, acylcarnitine, and free fatty acids were studied in serum and in different tissues--liver, heart, and skeletal muscle--of each group of rats. Chronic alcoholic rats showed high levels of free fatty acids and elevated levo-carnitine and acetylcarnitine levels relative to those of the controls. Biosynthesis of carnitine appeared to be increased, whereas fatty acid oxidation was depressed. Tumor-bearing rats also showed high levels of free fatty acids in both serum and tissues. However, levels of levo-carnitine were decreased in this group. It seems that the tumor not only utilizes the precursors of carnitine biosynthesis but also increases carnitine expenditure. PMID- 3219684 TI - Role of long-acting cephalosporins in ambulatory therapy. AB - Selected patients with community-acquired infections can be discharged from the hospital, when afebrile and stable, with parenteral antibiotic therapy continued on an ambulatory basis. This therapy is currently possible because of the availability of long-acting cephalosporins that can be administered once daily, often with substantial reductions in hospital costs. Cefonicid and ceftriaxone both have sufficiently long half-lives and either may be administered intramuscularly once daily. Their antibacterial spectra encompass many of the pathogens encountered in community-acquired infections of the lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue, bone, and urinary tract. Ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin, has a broader spectrum than the second-generation agent cefonicid. Ceftriaxone should generally be reserved for the treatment of gonococcal disease and of community- or hospital-acquired infections due to organisms resistant to the narrower-spectrum and less expensive long half-life agent cefonicid. PMID- 3219685 TI - Comparison of the effects of bifemelane hydrochloride and indeloxazine hydrochloride on scopolamine hydrobromide-induced impairment in radial maze performance. AB - The antiamnesic effects of bifemelane hydrochloride (bifemelane) and indeloxazine hydrochloride (indeloxazine) on radial maze performance in rats were assessed. This performance was dependent on working memory and spatial memory, without aversive electric stimuli. When administered alone, neither bifemelane nor indeloxazine had an effect on the task performance of normal rats. However, impairment of the performance of rats induced by scopolamine hydrobromide (scopolamine) injection was dose-dependently reduced by oral treatment with bifemelane. On the other hand, indeloxazine, which was reported to enhance the learning behavior in a passive avoidance test, did not improve the radial maze task performance of scopolamine-treated rats. It has been shown that dysfunction of the cholinergic neuronal system plays an important role in memory loss and that bifemelane induces recovery of reduced cerebral cholinergic neuronal activity associated with brain ischemia or aging. In accordance with these previous findings, our results suggest that bifemelane is useful in the treatment of memory loss and cognitive dysfunction in patients with dementia and cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 3219686 TI - A case-control study to evaluate the risk of congenital anomalies as a result of allylestrenol therapy during pregnancy. AB - The 1980-1984 data base of the Hungarian Case Control Surveillance System for Congenital Anomalies was used to evaluate possible teratogenicity of allylestrenol therapy during pregnancy. In an initial global analysis, three of the 24 congenital anomaly groups studied (ie, clubfoot, multiple anomalies, and hypospadias) had a significantly higher incidence of allylestrenol use. A case control analysis, however, excluded a pathogenetic role for allylestrenol in the etiology of clubfoot and multiple congenital anomalies. A greater use of allylestrenol in the first global evaluation was explained by a higher incidence in these groups of impending miscarriage and preterm labor, which are indications for allylestrenol therapy. The case control analysis did indicate a greater use of allylestrenol in the hypospadias group, but this difference was not statistically significant in the critical period for induction of hypospadias (ie, the third and fourth months of gestation). The causal role of subfertility in the etiology of hypospadias was an indirect factor, explaining the greater use of allylestrenol during pregnancy in this group; in Hungary, women with a history of infertility frequently receive hormonal support in the first trimester. The authors conclude that the data analyzed do not indicate any teratogenic effects of the use of allylestrenol during pregnancy. PMID- 3219687 TI - The safety and usefulness of buspirone as an anxiolytic drug in elderly versus young patients. AB - Buspirone, the prototype of the new azaspirodecanedione series of antianxiety drugs, was studied in over 6,000 patients in an open, multicenter trial to confirm its safety and usefulness for anxiety in a typical medical practice setting. Non-psychotic patients with clinically manifest anxiety that required anxiolytic drug therapy were enrolled to receive four weeks of treatment with a fixed dose of buspirone (15 mg/day). Patient data were analyzed according to age: the elderly group comprised 605 patients aged 65 years or older, and the younger group included 5,969 patients less than 65 years old. Both the elderly and younger patients achieved similar relief of anxiety within four weeks based on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and global assessments of improvement. Most patients (80%) in both groups reported no side effects. Further, the side effect profile in the elderly differed little from that in the younger patients. Overall, the data indicate that buspirone may be administered to patients aged 65 years or older without any special adjustment in dose, does not cause unusual adverse age related phenomena, and relieves moderate-to-severe symptoms of anxiety in elderly patients. PMID- 3219688 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility testing of anaerobic organisms using the agar dilution method: comparison of three techniques. AB - Three currently used anaerobic susceptibility testing methods were compared: (1) the technique used at the Wadsworth Microbial Diseases Research Laboratory, (2) the technique listed as the reference standard by the National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards, and (3) the technique used at the Tufts New England Medical Center. Four-hundred-seventy anaerobic microorganisms, isolated from clinical specimens, were tested against cefoxitin, cefotetan, ceftizoxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, and clindamycin. Significant differences were noted in mean inhibitory concentrations and percent susceptible at breakpoint among the three techniques used and varied with the antimicrobial agent and species tested. PMID- 3219689 TI - Is the gastric lesion correlated with the inhibition of tissular peroxidase activity induced by indomethacin? PMID- 3219690 TI - Correlation of the in vitro incorporation of 14C-labelled amino acids into proteins with tRNA levels in hepatomas 7793 and AH 130. PMID- 3219691 TI - Utilization of Abell method for the determination of cholesterol and its oxides in human serum. PMID- 3219692 TI - Glyoxalase activity and cell proliferation in Burkitt's lymphoma and transformed lymphoblast cells in vitro. PMID- 3219693 TI - A study on enzyme adaptation pattern in postnatal rat liver in relation to activity rest cycle. PMID- 3219694 TI - Studies on the turnover and metabolic fate of extracellular matrix components. PMID- 3219695 TI - Study on influence of inactivation enzyme techniques and extraction procedures on cerebral phosphorylated metabolite levels by 31P NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 3219696 TI - Changes in succinate dehydrogenase zonation following cyclosporin-treatment in normal and regenerating rat liver. PMID- 3219697 TI - Ultracytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase in liver of normal and of CCl4 and CCl4 plus colchicine treated rats. PMID- 3219698 TI - Hydration mechanism study in lettuce seeds by proton NMR relaxation times. PMID- 3219699 TI - Inhibition of ureogenesis by two hypouricemic drugs (probenecid and benzbromarone). Comparison with allopurinol. PMID- 3219700 TI - Human desmin gene: utilization as a marker of human muscle differentiation. PMID- 3219701 TI - Soluble NADH-cytochrome B5 reductase during murine erythroleukemic cell differentiation. PMID- 3219702 TI - [Histopathological study of isolated isovolumetric rat heart: effects of isoprenaline and 4-deoxypyridoxine]. PMID- 3219703 TI - [Liver changes caused by alcohol. A 10-year study]. PMID- 3219704 TI - [Hemofiltration with simultaneous preparation of a substitution solution. I. Technical and economic aspects]. PMID- 3219705 TI - [Hemofiltration with simultaneous preparation of a substitution solution. II. Clinical results]. PMID- 3219706 TI - [Clinicopathologic correlations in the diagnosis of dementia in a general hospital]. PMID- 3219707 TI - [Phototherapy and photodiagnosis of malignant tumors]. PMID- 3219708 TI - [Immunoscintigraphy of tumors in clinical practice]. PMID- 3219710 TI - [A population projection of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3219709 TI - [Possibilities of predicting the solubility of gallstones using computer tomography. An in vitro study]. PMID- 3219711 TI - [A study on arboviruse antibodies of birds in the Niao-Diao-Mountain area Eryan county of Yunnan province]. PMID- 3219712 TI - [A multivariate analysis of risk factors affecting infectivity of HBV serological marker carriers in a family]. PMID- 3219713 TI - The prevalence of target organ damage in black hospitalized patients with severe hypertension--a retrospective study. PMID- 3219714 TI - On living in a arsenical atmosphere. Part I: Hair arsenic. PMID- 3219715 TI - Further studies of haemoglobin glycosylation: influence of diabetes mellitus and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Nigerians. PMID- 3219716 TI - Comparison of in vitro dissolution of proprietary methyl dopa preparations. PMID- 3219717 TI - Subcondylar fracture of the mandible: an analysis of 23 cases of mandibular subcondyle fractures. PMID- 3219719 TI - The influence of parity on the mode of delivery. PMID- 3219718 TI - Clinical progress of followed-up dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy patients. PMID- 3219721 TI - Vine snake envenomation. PMID- 3219720 TI - Long-term use of phenytoin: effect on haematological parameters in Nigerian epileptics. PMID- 3219722 TI - Sickle cell cephalohaematoma in Benin City, Nigeria--a report of three cases. PMID- 3219723 TI - Refractory hypertension. PMID- 3219724 TI - Cluster headache: the possible significance of midline structures. PMID- 3219725 TI - Migraine and left-handedness: is there a connection? AB - In 1982, Geschwind and Behan reported an association between migraine headache and left-handedness. The present study was an attempt to test this hypothesis by comparing the frequency of left-handedness in migraine and tension headache patients at a headache center. Cluster headache cases were also included because Geschwind and Behan suspected that the association might be even stronger in this disorder. A special scoring method for handedness was devised by Geschwind and Behan to help identify a possible higher risk in mixed-handedness subjects. No significant associations emerged in any of these tests. A modest association of cluster headache and left-handedness disappeared when adjustment was made for the strong predilection of cluster headache for the male sex. PMID- 3219726 TI - Cluster headache: forehead sweating pattern during heating and pilocarpine tests. Variation as a function of time. AB - Thirty-one patients with cluster headache were examined with regard to their forehead sweating pattern, by means of the Evaporimeter. Sweating was stimulated in two different ways: by body heating and by parenterally administered pilocarpine. The resulting increase in evaporation was frequently measured at different positions on both sides of the forehead, and the possibility of variations in the pattern related to the passage of time was specifically scrutinized. Some typical patterns emerged. The previously reported, marked asymmetries of response (deficient heat-induced sweating and pilocarpine supersensitivity of the symptomatic side) at the medial positions in the forehead were confirmed. However, the asymmetries invariably faded to some extent with the passage of time. Patients with cluster headache show gross similarities with, but also some minor differences from, the sweat pattern of patients with brain stem lesions causing a Horner's syndrome. A subdivision of the material into groups in accordance with the pupillometric pattern after sympathomimetic stimulation made it clear that the cases of definite evaporimetric asymmetries ("typical reactions") belonged to the group with a typical pupillometric pattern. These results suggest that from an "autonomic" point of view, subpopulations may exist within the clinical entity of cluster headache. PMID- 3219727 TI - Systemic symptoms associated with orbital venous vasculitis. AB - Orbital venous vasculitis has been suggested to cause characteristic periorbital pain in patients with pathologic changes in their orbital phlebograms. The orbital pain is characterized by being unilateral, not shifting side, boring and pressing, but not throbbing, increasing on eye strain, exposure to cold, or weather changes, and resistant to analgesics. It is ameliorated by steroids. Fifty patients with symptoms of orbital venous vasculitis were investigated for other symptoms that could be related to the vasculitis. When the 32 female patients were compared with a randomly selected age- and sex-matched control group, there was a significant increase of symptoms of chronic fatigue, cold feet, gut problems such as constipation and/or diarrhea, arthralgia, memory impairment, rotatory vertigo, spontaneous ecchymoses (all, p less than 0.0001), back pain (p less than 0.012), and thrombophlebitis (p less than 0.022) in the patient group. These symptoms, although commonly occurring, seem in these patients to be related to the vasculitis. Blood tests of the fifty patients showed signs of inflammation which did not disagree with the hypothesis of an immunologic cause of the orbital venous vasculitis. PMID- 3219728 TI - Complicated coital cephalalgia. Three cases with benign evolution. AB - Three patients with a history of migraine and type-II coital cephalalgia with signs of vertebrobasilar deficiency are presented. Extensive studies including angiography did not show any vascular malformation. Together with the few reports in the literature our cases outline a benign form of complicated coital cephalalgia, possibly resulting from ischaemic disturbances triggered by haemodynamic changes occurring in orgasm. PMID- 3219729 TI - Brain pH in migraine: an in vivo phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. AB - The intracellular pH (pHi) of cerebral cortex was measured in migraine patients by use of in vivo phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy. No changes in pHi were measured during a migraine attack. The long-standing concept that the headache of migraine is due to cerebral vasodilation induced by prodromal vasospasm-induced ischemic acidosis is not substantiated. PMID- 3219730 TI - Cluster headache: on the significance of so-called minibouts. AB - Cluster headache periods (bouts) have, at the lower end of the scale, been supposed to last for periods as short as 1-2 weeks. Patients who usually have bouts of ordinary duration occasionally have brief attacks in the remission phase ("abortive attacks"). The group described here had a temporal pattern, clearly at variance with both these patterns: The six patients had mostly or entirely bouts of less than 1 week's duration. We have termed such short-lasting bouts minibouts, on the supposition that such cases belong within the cluster headache cycle. All the patients were men and had a history of unilateral headache without side shift, and usually the solitary attacks had some autonomic accompaniments, although of a moderate degree. In four cases only mild attacks occurred, whereas in two cases the attacks were rather severe and not consistent with full working ability. The group as such may not be homogeneous. The nosologic status of patients with bouts lasting only 1-2 days is somewhat uncertain. As long as the substrate of cluster headache is not outlined, the lower end of duration of minibouts cannot be accurately identified. The fact that three patients recently have experienced bouts of ordinary length strengthens the view that such cases really belong to the cluster headache cycle. PMID- 3219732 TI - Centripetal transport of cytoplasm, actin, and the cell surface in lamellipodia of fibroblasts. AB - Wound healing in Swiss 3T3 cultures was investigated with video-enhanced contrast (VEC) microscopy. The formation of protrusions at the leading edge of cells along wound was investigated in detail during the spreading stage, which usually lasted from 1 to 4 hr postwounding. Lamellipodia exhibited a continuous rearward, or centripetal, transport of a variety of cellular constituents at rates of approximately 0.26 microns/sec from the leading edge. The lamellipodia were also the sites of lateral migration as well as extension and retraction of actin microspikes. Actin fibers oriented transversely to the direction of movement were also observed to transport centripetally at similar rates. These fibers may in part give rise to large actin fibers forming at the interface between the base of the lamellipodia and the lamellae. Beads 0.5 microns in diameter attached to the dorsal surfaces of lamellipodia also transported centripetally at rates of approximately 0.21 microns/sec. Thus there is an apparent correlation between transport of a variety of structures within lamellipodia and with surface movements of lamellipodia. PMID- 3219731 TI - Assembly, disassembly, and movements of the microfilament-rich ridge during the amoeboflagellate transformation in Physarum polycephalum. AB - The amoeboflagellate transformation in Physarum polycephalum involves a series of dramatic changes in cell shape and motile behavior. This report describes the morphological and behavioral changes through which a synchronously transforming population of cells passes, stressing that, although there are a series of distinguishable stages, cells at all stages display striking plasticity. Our previous studies showed that amoeboflagellates transiently display a flattened motile extension--the ridge--that projects from a specific location on the cell surface and contains a laminar core densely packed with a series of crisscrossing arrays of actin microfilaments. Details are presented here concerning the movements of the ridge as well as the dynamics of ridge formation and disassembly in relation to other morphogenetic events of the transformation. The ridge forms at about the same time as transforming cells begin to elongate, propagates undulations parallel to the long axis of the cell as the transformation proceeds, and disassembles late in the transformation. Staining of fixed cells with the fluorescent probe rhodaminephalloidin shows that the actin of amoeboid cells is strikingly redistributed as the transformation proceeds. Amoeboflagellates contain most of the stainable actin in the ridge and in a ventral-posterior spot that may be a site of cell-substratum adhesion. These results provide additional insights into the possible functions of the ridge and the roles of actin during the amoeboflagellate transformation. PMID- 3219733 TI - Effect of metabolic inhibitors on sucrose-induced metaphase spindle elongation and spindle recovery. AB - Hyperosmotic sucrose treatment of metaphase PtK-1 cells has been shown to produce a reversible concentration-dependent effect on spindle elongation linked to a functional alteration in the connection of the chromosome to the spindle (Pover et al.: European Journal of Cell Biology 39:366-372, 1985). Spindle elongation, similar to that which occurs at anaphase B, is thought to be driven by the compression stored in the form of microtubule curvature in the nonkinetochore (nkMT) population of microtubules at metaphase (Snyder et al.: European Journal of Cell Biology 35:62-69, 1984 and 39:373-379, 1985). Addition of metabolic inhibitors to Ham's F-12 salts with deoxyglucose (D/F-12 medium) containing 0.4 M sucrose and 1 mM DNP does not within statistical error affect the rate and extent of sucrose-induced spindle elongation; rates and extents are 60-75% of normal anaphase B motions. Electron microscopic analysis of metaphase cells treated with D/F-12 medium and 0.4 M sucrose with 1 mM DNP demonstrates that spindle microtubules lose curvature and become straight in appearance, typical of microtubule organization in untreated anaphase cells. Sucrose-treated cells released into D/F-12 medium show a rapid reduction in spindle length; however, cells treated with either 0.4 M sucrose or 0.4 M sucrose and 1 mM DNP-containing D/F-12 medium and released into DNP-containing D/F-12 medium do not exhibit a significant reduction in spindle length. Electron microscopic analysis links changes in spindle length with microtubule/kinetochore associations. These data suggest that energy required for the initial phases of spindle elongation during anaphase is preloaded into the mitotic spindle by metaphase and does not require additional energy to be expressed as examined by sucrose-induced spindle elongation in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. Second, energy is required to make or maintain (or both) functional chromosome associations with the spindle as measured by reduction in spindle length following sucrose removal. PMID- 3219734 TI - Isolation of an immunoreactive analogue of brain fodrin that is associated with the cell cortex of Dictyostelium amoebae. AB - We have used a polyclonal affinity-purified antibody made against chicken brain fodrin (both 240 and 235 Kd subunits) as a probe to determine if a fodrinlike protein exists in amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum. In Western blots of whole cells and the isolated cell cortex, polypeptides measuring 220 and 70 Kd are recognized by the fodrin antibodies. In situ localization by indirect immunofluorescence with antifodrin indicates that the immunoreactive polypeptides are cortical. The immunoreactive analogues copatch and cocap with concanavalin A. At the level of resolution of the electron microscope, immunocytochemistry with antifodrin and colloidal gold confirms that the immunoreactive analogues are cortical proteins associated with microfilaments on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. We have isolated and characterized the 220 Kd protein to determine if it is similar to fodrin and to investigate its relationship to the 70 Kd polypeptide. The 220 Kd protein can be extracted from the cortex in the absence of detergent and isolated by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient sedimentation. The 220 Kd is a rod-shaped protein 118 +/- 17.8 nm (N = 37) in length. It has a sedimentation coefficient of 9.3 S and Stokes' radius of 13 nm and exists as a dimer of approximately 500,000 daltons (Mr). Isolated 220 Kd binds to actin filaments in vitro when assayed by rotary shadowing. Morphological criteria distinguish 220 Kd from Dictyostelium myosin II heavy chain (215 Kd) and the filaminlike protein at 240 Kd. The 70 Kd polypeptide appears to be a cleavage fragment of the 220 Kd, since it is found after prolonged storage when formerly only the 220 Kd was present. Furthermore, the 220 and 70 Kd polypeptides exhibit similar one-dimensional peptide maps when treated with TPCK trypsin. On the basis of its physical and immunoreactive characteristics, and location in the cell, the 220 Kd may be a fodrinlike protein. PMID- 3219735 TI - Unique isoactins in the brush border of rat intestinal epithelial cells. AB - The mammalian genome contains 20-30 genes encoding a family of actins. To date, however, only six proteins (four muscle and two nonmuscle isoforms) encoded by this multigene complex have been identified. We have isolated two actins from the brush border of rat intestinal epithelial cells that have isoelectric points and N-terminal peptides characteristic of the cytoplasmic beta- and gamma-actins. However, using a panel of actin-specific monoclonal antibodies, we show that these actins contain a set of epitopes that distinguishes them from any of the known cytoplasmic or muscle isoforms. These unique actins share features of both the nonmuscle and muscle isoforms, suggesting that they represent an intermediate in the evolution of the specialized muscle actins. PMID- 3219736 TI - [Postoperative spondylodiscitis]. PMID- 3219737 TI - [Medulloblastoma in adults]. PMID- 3219738 TI - [Renal oncocytoma]. PMID- 3219739 TI - [Dystopia ventriculi antecolica. An unusual anomaly of organ placement in gastro colonic relations]. PMID- 3219740 TI - [Optimization of radiotherapy of lung carcinoma]. PMID- 3219741 TI - [The clinical significance of the detection of circulating immune complexes in tuberculosis]. PMID- 3219742 TI - [A case-control study of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3219743 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic empyema (a clinical analysis of 557 cases)]. PMID- 3219744 TI - [Vectorcardiographic study of pseudo-right ventricular hypertrophy in dilated cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3219745 TI - [Effects of amrinone on pulmonary hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange in highland piglets]. PMID- 3219746 TI - In vitro activity of cefixime, a new oral cephalosporin. AB - The in vitro activities of cefixime and seven comparative oral antimicrobials were studied. MIC90S of cefixime were 0.015-1 micrograms/ml for Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter diversus, Proteus, Providencia, Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus. MIC90S for other Enterobacteriaceae were greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml; 44% of those strains were inhibited by less than or equal 1 microgram/ml. Staphylococcus, Psuedomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to cefixime. PMID- 3219747 TI - The activity of antistaphylococcal drugs on nosocomial Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - In reporting on the activity of cephalothin, cefamandole, FCE 22101, gentamicin, netilmicin, amikacin, rifampicin, clindamycin, josamycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and teicoplanin on 72 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains clinically isolated in the hospital, the Authors observed a high percentage of methicillin-resistance (68.05%) as well as resistance to other important drugs such as gentamicin (72.22%), rifampicin (27.7%), clindamycin (36.1%), and josamycin (40.27%). They also recorded good inhibitory activity of the studied beta-lactam drugs. However, this activity was not confirmed against methicillin-resistant strains when the test was performed under particular technical conditions (hypertonic medium, incubation at 30 degrees C, inoculum = 10(6)). The Authors also emphasize the poor bactericidal activity against these strains. The activity of quinolones was good; the activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin was very good on all strains studied. PMID- 3219749 TI - Effects of orally administered activated charcoal on ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. AB - Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic orally active against both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. Recent literature indicates that orally administered activated charcoal can alter the bioavailability of many drugs and in vitro studies have demonstrated an interaction with ciprofloxacin. To evaluate in vivo the effects of activated charcoal on ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics, six healthy volunteers received, according to a cross-over design, either ciprofloxacin 500 mg alone or concomitantly 1 g activated charcoal. The coadministration of the latter drug did not influence any of the considered pharmacokinetic parameters. Activated charcoal at a clinically effective dose, therapeutically used in gaseousness, does not alter ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3219748 TI - Microbiological indications for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. AB - The Authors report microbiological data on the inhibitory activity of cephalothin, cefamandole, FCE 22101, gentamicin, netilmicin, amikacin, rifampicin, clindamycin, josamycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and teicoplanin against 165 clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains. 34 of the study strains, i.e. 20.6%, were methicillin- and oxacillin-resistant. The activity of the tested drugs was good; the presence of nosocomial strains resistant to rifampicin (12.13%), clindamycin (13.94%), josamycin (18.2%), ofloxacin (4.85%), ciprofloxacin (12.7%), gentamicin (27.3%), amikacin (9.7%), netilmicin (7.9%) was noted. The Authors emphasize the good inhibitory activity of tested beta-lactam drugs against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococci, but also the limits of these drugs against methicillin-resistant strains. The activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin on all study strains was very good. PMID- 3219750 TI - The pattern of antimicrobial use in general hospitals in Egypt. AB - This work was carried out to study the pattern of use of antimicrobial agents in Egypt. 2034 files were selected from two general hospitals by a systematic random sampling method, and the data concerning the antimicrobials were collected from each file. The results of this study showed that there was misuse of these agents both in therapy and prophylaxis. Antibiotics were prescribed to 80.17% of admitted patients. In most of the cases they were prescribed without documented proof of infection and were prescribed for conditions in which antimicrobial use is not justified for either therapy or prophylaxis. Among patients who received antibiotics, 30.8% received repeated courses, in most of whom there was no reasonable indication. PMID- 3219751 TI - Clinical evaluation of sulbactam + ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric urinary tract infections. AB - Twenty-five children (16 females and 9 males) aged from 8 months to 10 years with clinical and laboratory evidence of UTI were treated with sulbactam + ampicillin (SBT/AMP). Twenty-four of them were suffering from cystitis and one from pyelonephritis. Four of them were treated unsuccessfully prior to entry in the trial. The mean final dose of SBT/AMP was 47.69 mg/kg/die (ratio of SBT-AMP was 1:2). The patients were treated for 3 to 8 days (mean: 4.76 days). 84% were treated by i.m. route. No side effects or adverse experience were reported. Clinical cure was achieved in 25 patients (100%). PMID- 3219752 TI - Effects of cefamandole on hemostasis in patients undergoing hip replacement with heparin prophylaxis. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the prophylactic use of cefamandole versus oxacillin plus gentamicin on hemostasis in patients undergoing hip replacement with heparin prophylaxis. Twenty-four patients with a normal hemostatic profile were randomly allocated to receive either cefamandole or oxacillin plus gentamicin. All the patients received calcium heparin. Platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), fibrinogen and serum FDP were assessed before treatment and every day of antibiotic administration. Surgical bleeding was assessed using a four-grade score system. Platelet count, bleeding time, fibrinogen and serum FDP did not show any change with both treatments. PT, aPTT and TCT showed a similar and mild prolongation in the two groups of patients. No difference in the surgical bleeding was observed between the two groups. We conclude that a short-term prophylaxis with cefamandole is a safe regimen in patients undergoing hip replacement with heparin prophylaxis. PMID- 3219754 TI - An experimental analysis and comparison of three rhythms of movements in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). AB - Three types of rhythmic movements of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (pole beans) were examined collectively and their characteristics compared. Although the ultradian rhythms of shoot circumnutation and leaf movement, as well as the circadian rhythm of leaf movement, occurred simultaneously, each rhythm could be expressed independently of the other two. Shoot circumnutation and ultradian leaf movements displayed the same period (80 min at 25 degrees C and Q10 congruent to 2), while the period of the circadian leaf movements was not temperature dependent (Q10 congruent to 1). Interaction into the plant between two ultradian rhythms (shoot circumnutation and ultradian leaf movement) with the same period and coexistence in the pulvinus of an ultradian with a circadian rhythm are discussed. PMID- 3219753 TI - Economic implications of oral treatment replacing parenteral therapy in antimicrobial chemotherapy. AB - The cost of antimicrobial chemotherapy is a major part of the total hospital pharmacy cost. Parenteral administration is considerably more expensive than oral and until recently was the only available therapy for nosocomial and resistant bacterial infections. Apart from the cost of the antimicrobial agent itself, many other factors such as the infusion sets, catheters and cannulae, monitoring of blood to avoid toxicity and other laboratory investigations will influence the costs. The introduction of ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone, with a wide range of bacterial activity which can be prescribed orally, will have economic advantages in the treatment of hospital infections. PMID- 3219755 TI - Common 30-day multiple in gestation time of terrestrial placentals. AB - Weekly, twice-monthly, and monthly lunar related rhythms have been alleged for various animal reproductive processes. Herein gestation times of 213 types of terrestrial placental mammals were analyzed for best-fit integer multiples approximating length of any of the above lunar related rhythms. At the same time numeric controls were constituted of a completely random, a block randomized, and a sequential set of numbers spanning the data set. Among test integers 6 through 33, the number 30, approximating the 29.53-day lunar-synodic month, was consistently and statistically a best-fit multiple to the data. This might suggest a once-monthly lunar illumination, but not a twice-monthly gravitational or near-weekly tidal, influence upon animal reproduction. As for a receptor mechanism, the tapetum, or reflective layer of the retina, present in most land mammals, but absent in humans, enhances dim illumination. A suggestion is that because of this visual enhancer, cycling moonlight might be a circa-lunar physiologic timer for many terrestrial mammals. PMID- 3219756 TI - Circadian influence on ethanol-related intrauterine growth retardation in mice. AB - Circadian influences on growth and development in response to ethanol were studied in mice. On gestational day 10, pregnant animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of ethanol with the following dose levels: 1.0, 2.5 or 4.0 g/kg at one of four circadian phases (0700, 1300, 1900 or 0100 hr). 48 hrs after injection the embryonic weight and length, protein and DNA content and placental weight and protein were determined. Ethanol-related intrauterine growth retardation were shown to be dose- and circadian phase-dependent, the greatest susceptibility being seen during the dark phase. The variations observed are discussed with regard to changes in drug metabolism and tissue sensitivity. PMID- 3219757 TI - Ten-year-replicated circadian profiles for 36 physiological, serological and urinary variables in healthy men. AB - At 3-hr intervals over a 24-hr span, 36 systemic, serologic and urinary variables were examined in 7 men in their mid 20's in the Spring of 1969, and again in the same 7 men in the Spring of 1979 under a similar chronobiologic protocol, using the same chemical and numerical analytical procedures. The variables examined for rhythms by cosinor were: vital signs--blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure), heart rate, intraocular pressure (left and right), oral temperature; serum components--albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, total bilirubin, calcium, carbon dioxide, chlorides, bilirubin, cholesterol, globulin, glucose, potassium, sodium, sodium/potassium ratio, transaminase, triglycerides, total protein, urea nitrogen; and urine components--calcium, calcium/magnesium ratio, creatinine, magnesium, pH, potassium, sodium, sodium/potassium ratio, urea clearance, urea nitrogen, volume and zinc. Although all subjects appeared clinically healthy in 1969 and in 1979, certain inter-study differences were observed in a number of rhythm parameters of different variables. Statistically significant increases in mesor for the group as a whole were observed for serum Ca, cholesterol, Cl, CO2, K, Na, and while statistically significant mesor decreases for a group as a whole were noted in serum glucose and transaminase. Statistically significant increases in amplitude for the group as a whole were observed in serum chloride and urinary Na/K ratio, while statistically significant decreases were observed in amplitude for blood pressure, heart rate, serum albumin, A/G ratio, globulin, glucose, protein, sodium and transaminase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219758 TI - Circadian rhythm in total pulmonary resistance of asthmatic children. Effects of a beta-agonist agent. AB - Six children (boys and girls, 8 to 13 years old) with allergic asthma (AA) had their total pulmonary resistance (R1) measured at four fixed times (0730, 1130, 1630 and 2230 hr), before and again 10 min after a 2 mg orciprenaline (beta agonist) aerosol inhalation. R1 was measured by means of the esophageal balloon technique. Subjects were socially synchronized in May with a diurnal activity from 0700 to 2100 and a nocturnal rest. Patients had had no asthma attacks and had received no medication for 8-15 days. Time series were analyzed according to conventional (t-tested mean time point differences) ANOVA, and cosinor methods. The 24 hr adjusted means (cm H2O.l/s +/- SEM) were 5.7 +- 0.4 in seven previously documented healthy children. 7.4 +/- 1.2 in AA before orciprenaline, and 4.9 +/- 0.2 in healthy children, 5.2 +/- 0.8 in AA after beta-agonist inhalation. Circadian rhythms were detected in both groups before but not after treatment. The treatment had its maximal effect on R1 around 0730 (when bronchial patency is close to its trough) and had no effect around 1630 (peak time of airway patency) in both groups (P less than 0.01; ANOVA). Thus, inhaled orciprenaline was mainly effective around 0730 and to a lesser extent around 2230 whereas there was no detectable effect during the day (1230 and 1630). PMID- 3219759 TI - Diurnal rhythms in performance tests of school children with and without language disorders. AB - Time-of-day related changes on four tests used by speech therapists and four other performance tests, in addition to oral temperature, were documented in 16 school children (7-9 years of age). Six of them had language disorders and were receiving speech therapy. Children were synchronized with diurnal activity from around 0730 to around 2100 and nocturnal rest. For each child, at each test time point (e.g. 0900, 1100, 1530 and 1930) tests were performed three times, with two different speech therapists, in a random order, with only one session per day. Conventional methods (t-tested mean differences; ANOVA; correlation tests) were used for statistical analyses. Among 29 parameters (items) which were analyzed, only nine exhibited time-of-day related changes, mainly in speed to-perform measures. In most detected rhythms best performance occurred either at 1100 or at 1530 with no difference in subgroups except for the fastest performance of the sentence repetition test. With regard to the daily mean M, controls performed better than children with language disorders for the word (syllabic) repetition test (P less than 0.0004) but this was reversed for both computing and colouring skill tests (P less than 0.04 and less than 0.002). A difference related to sex (but not to language disorders) was observed in the Ms of speed in sign reproduction (P less than 0.0000) and sorting cards (P less than 0.01), with boys being faster than girls. In children, as in adults, time-of-day effects should be considered when the quantification of performance is desired. PMID- 3219760 TI - [Reproduction of Gastrodia elata bl. by the branchlet-leaf fungal bed method]. PMID- 3219761 TI - [Some changes in the chemical components and tissue structure of radix Sanguisorbae by charcoal-processing]. PMID- 3219762 TI - [Preliminary studies on ethnodrug resources in the west area of Hubei Province]. PMID- 3219763 TI - [Determination of the components and molar ratio of the polysaccharide from a fermentation solution of Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fr]. PMID- 3219765 TI - [Extraction, separation and quantitative determination of gallotannin in Apocynum ventum Linn. leaf]. PMID- 3219766 TI - [Local anesthetic effect of an aqueous extract from the seeds of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson]. PMID- 3219764 TI - [Chemical constituents of essential oil from Xinjiang gaoben (the rhizome of Conioselium tataricum Hoffm.) by GC-MS analysis]. PMID- 3219767 TI - Assessing the health knowledge of black mothers with children suffering from diarrhoea attending Kwazulu clinics at Umlazi, Durban. PMID- 3219769 TI - UNISA qualified nurse educators: a profile according to three post categories. PMID- 3219768 TI - Breast feeding practices of nurses at Baragwanath, Coronation and Johannesburg hospitals. PMID- 3219770 TI - Sexual behaviour and contraceptive use by adolescent pupils in the Republic of Bophuthatswana. PMID- 3219771 TI - [Trial of hepatitis B prophylaxis in children born to mothers carrying HBs antigen in New Caledonia]. AB - A prophylaxis trial of hepatitis B at birth was carried out in New Caledonia. Ninety-nine newborns from women carrying hepatitis B antigen during pregnancy were immunized. The prophylaxis protocol was as follows: anti-HBs immunoglobulin and the first dose of vaccine at birth if the mother was HBe Ag+ or HBe Ag- without anti-HBe, only vaccination if the mother showed anti-HBe antibodies. 73.8% had anti-HBs antibodies when checked at 6 months; at the age of one year, this figure was 60.4%. Four months after the booster injection, 68.3% were anti HBs positive. Among all these children, three of them were born to HBe Ag+ mothers became HBs Ag/HBe Ag positive. The control group studied showed that mother-infant vertical transmission was not the only route of contamination in children in New Caledonia. PMID- 3219772 TI - [Guinea: detection of leprosy and treatment by polychemotherapy]. AB - Since a year, the implementation of multidrug therapy on leprosy control in Guinea has been needing a good cooperation between Department of Leprosy Control and local nurses. The known prevalence, in the area of Pita is 1.23%. 246 patients has been detected: 36 multibacillary and 210 paucibacillary. The sex ratio of the patients has changed, during one year, toward the men. With the sensitivity of the local population, number of detected cases is increasing and the rate of regular attendance at treatment is correct in 87.6% of cases. PMID- 3219773 TI - [Bactericidal activity of disinfectants against certain bacterial strains of S. aureus]. AB - The bactericidal activity of twenty disinfectants against S. aureus was evaluated by a suspension and capacity test. The effect of interfering substances (organic matter and hard water) on the activity of these disinfectants was investigated by a number of experimental trials. The sensibility of S. aureus to sodium laurylsulfate and zinc pyrithione was affected by proteins. The interference of proteins was not evident for the other disinfectants. The polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine 7% and the cresol saponatum tolerated the presence of proteins in distilled water, but they were influenced by them in hard water; on the contrary, the zinc pyrithione was more active in hard water than in distilled water. Generally, the second and third incremental addition of microorganisms did not practically alter the bactericidal effect of the majority of disinfectants. PMID- 3219774 TI - [Tegumentary leishmaniasis in French Guiana]. PMID- 3219775 TI - Schistosoma margrebowiei human patent zoonotic schistosomiasis imported from Zambia. PMID- 3219776 TI - [X-ray computed tomography in the Yemen Arab Republic. Analysis of the first 1000 tests]. AB - The study of the first 1,000 CT examinations performed in Taiz (Yemen Arab Republic: YAR) reveals that 57.6% of these examinations have an abnormal CT appearance. The traumatic and tumoral pathologies predominate while the parasitic diseases are less. The results suggest some medical priorities for the YAR. PMID- 3219777 TI - Immune complexes in solid tumours precipitable by 3.5% polyethylene glycol: analysis of some nonspecific components. AB - Some nonspecific components (IgG, C3c, C4,) of circulating immune complexes (IC) precipitable by 3.5% PEG were assayed by laser nephelometry in the sera of 71 patients with solid tumours, and of 39 patients with autoimmune diseases. PEG IgG, PEG-C3c, and PEG-C4 were higher in cancer and in autoimmune diseases than in controls. In cancer patients, PEG-C4 levels and PEG-C4 positivity rate correlated well with tumour burden. PEG-C3c and PEG-IgG were present at higher levels and PEG-C4 was present at lower concentration in cancer than in autoimmune diseases. The results of the present study, performed on a large population of patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases, indicate a different composition of circulating IC in these diseases. Particularly, these data suggest a preferential involvement of the alternative pathway of complement activation in cancer, as already described by other authors. The aggregation of C3c to IC, mediated by the alternative pathway, seems to be the "key" event in the process of IC solubilization. In cancer patients' sera, the presence of "solubilized" IC could partly explain their peculiar biological behaviour as well as the disagreement observed among the different assay methods based upon the binding with complement factors. PMID- 3219778 TI - Detection of circulating immune complexes by Raji cell assay: comparison of flow cytometric and radiometric methods. AB - Several flow cytometric methods for the measurement of circulating immune complexes (CIC) have recently become available. We report a Raji cell flow cytometric assay (FCMA) that uses aggregated human globulin (AHG) as primary calibrator. Technical advantages of the Raji cell flow cytometric assay are discussed, and its clinical usefulness is evaluated in a method comparison study with the widely used Raji cell immunoradiometric assay. FCMA is more precise and has greater analytic sensitivity for AHG. Diagnostic sensitivity by the flow cytometric method is superior in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and vasculitis patients: however, diagnostic specificity is similar for both assays, but the reference interval of FCMA is narrower. Significant correlations were found between CIC levels obtained with both methods in SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, and vasculitis patients and in longitudinal studies of two patients with cerebral SLE. The Raji cell FCMA is recommended for measurement of CIC levels to clinical laboratories with access to a flow cytometer. PMID- 3219779 TI - Natural killer activity from normal peripheral blood lymphocytes against a human T lymphotropic retrovirus type III (HTLV-III)-infected cell line. AB - An H9-HTLV-III-infected cell line was used as a target in a short-term (3-hr) Cr release assay to assess its sensitivity to lysis by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal donors. The single cell cytotoxicity assay (SCCA) on poly-L lysine-coated coverslips was used to investigate further the mechanism of binding and killing. Uninfected H9 and K562 cell lines were studied as controls. Our results argue in favour of a natural killer (NK) mechanism being operative on an H9-HTLV-III-infected cell line owing to the following findings: (1) the cell line is sensitive to lysis in a short-term assay; (2) its sensitivity is significantly higher than K562; and (3) the kinetics of lysis, as assessed by SCCA, is similar to that of K562, with a more efficient killing being detectable against H9-HTLV III. Furthermore, a phenotypic analysis of effector cells suggests that CD4+ lymphocytes are also involved in the lysis of this target. Our data provide evidence for an immune mechanism that may be operative in HTLV-III infection. We then studied, by this method, five groups of patients: one (n = 20) affected by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), one (n = 20) by AIDS-related complex (ARC), one (n = 20) by lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), one group (n = 40) of HTLV III seropositive, apparently healthy people, and one (n = 40) of healthy HTLV-III seronegatives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219780 TI - Detection of platelet-associated immunoglobulin in immune thrombocytopenia by flow cytometry. AB - The development of a flow-cytometry (FCM) technique for the direct detection of antiplatelet globulins bound to the surface of platelets (platelet-associated immunoglobulins, or PAIg) is described and utilized to evaluate patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Elevated levels of platelet-bound globulin were detected by FCM in the ITP patients studied. When plasma was analyzed by FCM for the presence of antiplatelet antibodies, only one patient demonstrated elevated levels. The use of FCM in the direct analysis of PAIg may result in earlier diagnosis and better management of immune thrombocytopenias. PMID- 3219781 TI - Immunoresponsiveness in hemophilia: lymphocyte- and phagocyte-mediated functions. AB - Several deficits of immune response have been reported in hemophiliacs. In order to evaluate the overall immune function in this disease, we have investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) surface phenotype, lymphokine production, B cell responsiveness, monocyte- and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell mediated responses in a group of 25 A or B hemophiliac patients. They were treated with concentrates (greater than 30,000 U/year) for at least 8 years, and ten of them were positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. With particular reference to lymphocyte surface markers, a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio and an increased frequency of CD25+ and surface immunoglobulin (sIg) positive lymphocytes were noted in HIV+ subjects. By contrast, CD3+ and CD4+ cell frequency was decreased in HIV- patients, whereas in the same individuals CD11+ and sIg+ cell percentage was augmented. Regardless of HIV infection, a quite variable degree of B-cell response was seen in hemophiliacs with either a T independent or a T-dependent polyclonal B cell activator. PMN chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing were significantly diminished, whereas similar monocyte functions were basically unaffected. Finally, hemophiliacs were characterized by a profound impairment of leukocyte inhibiting factor (LIF) and lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor (LDCF) production. Our findings clearly indicate an impairment of immune function in hemophiliacs regardless of HIV infection. PMID- 3219782 TI - Antibodies to histones in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Using a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibodies to histones (H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) were found in 32 out of 40 rheumatoid arthritis patients with antinuclear antibodies at a titer greater than or equal to 100 as measured by indirect immunofluorescence. The anti-H2A reactivity was higher in patients with secondary Sjogren's syndrome than in those without, but the highest antihistone reactivity and the most heterogeneous patterns were observed in patients who were receiving D-penicillamine. PMID- 3219783 TI - Localization of human colorectal carcinoma xenografts in mice using radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - A mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MAbC27) with high affinity for human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been used in vitro and in vivo for study of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). After introduction to tumor-bearing mice, the distribution of radiolabeled MAbC27 and its F(ab')2 fragments was analyzed by direct measurement of radioactivity in the tumor and in normal organs as well as by whole-body scanning. Radiolabeled MAbC27 and its F(ab')2 were used successfully in localizing tumor xenografts in mice 40 and 20 hr after inoculation, respectively. A tumor as small as 60 mg (4.2 mm in diameter) was visualized by labeled F(ab')2. Circulating CEA, up to 200 micrograms per mouse did not prevent successful tumor imaging. This study indicates that the MAbC27 is highly useful in detection and localization of CRC in mice. PMID- 3219784 TI - Utility of frozen platelets for a platelet antibody assay using flow cytometric analysis. AB - The immunoreactivity of a PLA1 antibody-containing serum to frozen/thawed platelets prepared by four different procedures was measured to assess the practicality of preparing a platelet reagent that could be easily stored and readily used in an immunofluorescent platelet antibody detection system. These frozen aliquots were analyzed at intervals up to 23 weeks after initial freezing and storage. For analysis, the frozen platelets were thawed, washed, resuspended to 2.5 x 10(5) platelets/mL and incubated with a dilution of fresh autologous serum that lacked platelet antibody or with a similar dilution of frozen human serum containing IgG anti-PLA1 antibody. At each interval, a freshly drawn platelet sample from the same donor was incubated in the same manner and used for comparison. All platelet mixtures were then washed and incubated with fluorescein conjugated goat F (ab')2 antihuman IgG. After repeat washing, each mixture was then analyzed with a flow cytometer for the extent of fluorescent antibody bound to each platelet mixture. Anti-PLA1 antibody reactivity with either the fresh or the frozen/thawed platelets remained stable over the period of analysis, with no significant difference in immunofluorescence with either fresh or frozen platelets as target cells. Platelet recovery following the thawing step ranged from 12% to 36% and was independent of the storage time. These studies suggest that frozen platelets can be readily used as reagents for platelet antibody assays. PMID- 3219785 TI - Platelet antibody detection using frozen pooled human lymphocyte antigen-typed platelets as target cells. AB - The immunoreactivity of five sera containing either iso-, auto- or allo antiplatelet antibodies to frozen-thawed human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-typed pooled platelets was assessed to determine the practicality of using such a platelet preparation in an immunofluorescent platelet antibody system. The platelet reagent was analyzed over an 8-week period after initial freezing and storage. Mixtures of platelets with each serum or dilutions of it were initially incubated for 1 hour, then extensively washed and incubated with fluorescein conjugated goat F(ab')2 antihuman IgG, A, M. After repeat washing, each mixture was then analyzed using a flow cytometer to determine the relative amount of fluorescent antibody bound. Not only was each of the five sera consistently positive for the presence of an anti-platelet antibody, but the extent of immunoreactivity for each remained relatively stable over the 8-week period of analysis. The results suggest that frozen pooled HLA-typed platelets should be an invaluable reagent for screening serum samples for the presence of antiplatelet antibodies in patients who are thrombocytopenic or who are refractory to platelet transfusion therapy. PMID- 3219786 TI - Interrelations of lymphocyte subset values, human immunodeficiency virus antibodies, and HIV antigen levels of homosexual males in San Francisco. AB - Serum and leukocytes from a cohort of homosexual males were analyzed to determine the interrelationships of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), serum HIV antigen levels, and phenotypical differences in lymphocyte subpopulations of HIV antibody-positive (HIV Ab+) and HIV antibody-negative (HIV Ab-) homosexual males. Significant reductions were observed in the percentages of B lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD4+ kappa lambda- T lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios of HIV Ab+ homosexual males in comparison to HIV Ab- homosexual males. Significant increases were observed in the percentages of CD8+, CD8+ CD11b-, CD8+ kappa lambda-, CD8+ DR+, CD8+Leu7+, and Leu7+ lymphocytes of HIV Ab+ study subjects. Statistical analysis revealed that among the immunological variables tested, decreases in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and in the percentage of CD4+ kappa lambda- lymphocytes showed the strongest associations with HIV-sero-positivity in asymptomatic homosexual males. Only 44 (16.5%) of 267 HIV Ab+ homosexual males had detectable levels of HIV antigen (HIV Ag) in their serum. The percentages of CD4+ or CD4+ kappa lambda lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios of HIV Ab+ males differed significantly between HIV Ag-positive (HIV Ag+) and--negative (HIV Ag-) homosexual males. These variables, however, did not correlate well with HIV Ag levels,indicating that no clear associations can be drawn between levels of HIV antigen and lymphocyte subset abnormalities of HIV-infected individuals. PMID- 3219787 TI - Production and applications of new monoclonal antibodies against human lymphocyte antigen-A and -B antigens. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against HLA antigens can give better information about the serology and biochemistry of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) than HLA antisera obtained from pregnant women. To increase the very limited panel of MAbs against HLA we immunized mice with human cultured cell lines and fused their spleen cells with the Ag8-653 myeloma. We produced MAbs against HLA-A1, A2/w69, A2/28, A2/11/25/26/28/29/30/31/33/34, A25/32, B7/22, and B13. The best dilution medium to store the MAbs in Terasaki plates was RPMI 1640 supplemented with 7% bovine serum albumin. The MAbs are also excellent reagents to investigate public HLA antigens and to stain HLA antigens in cryosections of transplanted organs. PMID- 3219789 TI - Update on the Stevens-Johnson syndrome. PMID- 3219788 TI - Which test for multiple sclerosis? PMID- 3219790 TI - Arterial pressure monitoring: what are we really measuring? PMID- 3219791 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Clinical use in a high-risk group- the elderly. PMID- 3219792 TI - Four formulas for calculating cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin G abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. A comparison. PMID- 3219794 TI - Anesthetic management of a child with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. PMID- 3219793 TI - Foot problems in the diabetic patient. PMID- 3219795 TI - Myxoma of the mitral valve associated with Hemophilus parainfluenza bacteremia. PMID- 3219796 TI - In vitro comparison of activity of cefixime with activities of other orally administered antimicrobial agents. PMID- 3219797 TI - Serum levels and in vitro production of IgA subclasses in patients with primary IgA nephropathy. AB - Patients with primary IgA nephropathy have deposits of IgA1 in their kidneys, and increased plasma levels of macromolecular IgA1. Total serum IgA concentrations are frequently elevated, but studies on the subclass distribution have been few and conflicting. Several investigators found that production of IgA by peripheral blood lymphocytes in culture is increased. However, the distribution of the IgA subclasses produced has not been studied previously. We studied the serum IgA subclasses in 14 patients with IgA nephropathy, and found a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in IgA1 (3.71 +/- 1.34 mg/ml, mean +/- s.d.) compared with controls (1.77 +/- 1.10 mg/ml). Serum IgA2 was not different in patients and controls. The ratio of serum IgA1 to total IgA was also significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in patients (92.2 +/- 4.9%) than in controls (80.2 +/- 6.6%). Studies of immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed a significant increase in IgA1 synthesis, expressed as a fraction of total IgA synthesis in unstimulated cultures (P less than 0.05) and in PWM stimulated cultures (P less than 0.01). Polymeric IgA and polymeric IgA1 production were not higher in patients than in controls. IgM production in unstimulated cultures was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in patients than in controls. Together with the observed deposition of exclusively IgA1 in the mesangium, our results indicate that patients with IgA nephropathy preferentially produce antibodies of the IgA1 subclass. PMID- 3219798 TI - Chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis: removal of glomerular antigen and electron-dense deposits is largely dependent on plasma complement. AB - Chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis was induced in 20 rats, using radio labelled cationised bovine serum albumin (BSA) as antigen. Four days after the last dose of antigen, half the rats were given cobra venom factor (CVF) in doses sufficient to render plasma complement activity undetectable. After ten days without circulating complement, the rats had significantly more antigen in glomeruli than the control group. Subepithelial and mesangial electron dense deposits are found in this model: morphometric analysis indicated that the elimination of plasma complement had slowed the removal of deposits at both of these sites. A second experiment studied the kinetics of this effect. CVF was again given four days after the last dose of antigen, but rats were killed in small groups at intervals thereafter. The results indicate that initially decomplementation had little effect, but after seven days without complement the removal of glomerular antigen had virtually ceased. The complement depleted rats had significantly lower levels of proteinuria, despite having more antigen and larger deposits in their glomeruli. In this model therefore, complement appears to be essential for the removal of deposits, and simultaneously contributes significantly to the induction of proteinuria. PMID- 3219800 TI - Demonstration of increased anti-mycobacterial activity in peripheral blood monocytes after BCG vaccination in British school children. AB - A blood sample was taken from children aged 13-15 years immediately before BCG vaccination and 8 weeks after. The children were tuberculin skin-test negative to PPD-S before vaccination and positive after. Mononuclear cells were separated from the blood, infected with Mycobacterium microti at a low bacterium/monocyte ratio and allowed to form monolayers in microtitre wells. The infected monolayers were rinsed daily and the change in number of live bacteria in monolayers and supernatants was monitored by colony counts on agar. The cells were bacteriostatic during the first day, thereafter growth accelerated in pre vaccination monolayers. When monolayers received pulsed exposures to autologous lymphocytes that had been incubated with whole dead tubercle bacilli the growth rates of M. microti were increased. However, growth rates in lymphocyte-pulsed monolayers were significantly lower after vaccination than before. It is proposed that this difference reflects the protective effect of vaccination. PMID- 3219802 TI - [Electroencephalographic and computed X-ray tomographic findings in 99 Japanese cases of herpes simplex encephalitis]. PMID- 3219803 TI - [Tremor-like pathological grasp phenomenon--a case report]. PMID- 3219801 TI - Failure of the H2 antagonist cimetidine to reverse parasite antigen-specific lymphocyte unresponsiveness in experimental filariasis. AB - Histamine is known to mediate potent immunosuppressive effects on lymphocyte function. In jirds infected with Brugia pahangi decreased mitogen and parasite antigen responsiveness are associated with the presence of histamine binding regulatory cells. The present study was thus designed to investigate the immunoregulatory role of histamine in experimental filariasis. Spleen cells from normal or B. pahangi infected jirds were incubated with BSA or histamine coupled Sepharose beads and the degree of cell-bead binding was quantitated. Cells from infected jirds demonstrated increased levels of histamine, but not BSA binding relative to normal cells, and this binding was blocked by soluble histamine or by the histamine receptor antagonist cimetidine. Cimetidine failed to restore the in vitro responsiveness of spleen cells from infected jirds to phytohemagglutinin or to a soluble extract of B. pahangi. Cimetidine did, however, reverse histamine induced suppression of normal spleen cell responses to PHA. The present results suggest that histamine does not play a major role in the immunoregulatory alterations induced by B. pahangi infection. PMID- 3219804 TI - [MRI findings of herpes simplex encephalitis]. PMID- 3219799 TI - Three cases of factor I deficiency: the effect of treatment with plasma. AB - Three patients with congenital factor I deficiency associated with different clinical manifestations are described. Case 1 had one single episode of meningococcal disease, case 2 experienced four episodes of meningococcal disease and several other severe infections, whereas case 3, without known predisposition for infections, died from a subacute immune-complex mediated syndrome, resembling polyarteritis nodosa. Family studies in cases 1 and 2 revealed healthy individuals with factor I concentrations below the lower reference limit, indicating heterozygous carriers. The pedigree analyses were consistent with autosomal codominant inheritance. The estimated minimal frequency of the deficient gene was 0.002. Pedigree analysis was not performed in case 3 but the father and sister was found to be probable heterozygous carriers. Cases 2 and 3 were treated with infusions of freshly frozen plasma (FFP) (40 and 27 ml/kg bodyweight) during acute illness and the immunochemical complement profile was monitored. Following plasma infusion factor I was cleared from the circulation with a half-life of 29-45 h. The plasma infusions induced generation of C3d and C4d, increase in native factor B and C3 concentrations and disappearance of Ba split products. Native C3 and C4 increased to normal concentrations and remained normal till 16 days after the plasma infusions, whereas native factor B decreased to preinfusion levels 8 days after plasma infusion. It is concluded, that congenital factor I deficiency can present with different clinical manifestations and may be more prevalent than hitherto anticipated. Furthermore, infusion of blood products containing small amounts of functional factor I can partly normalize the complement profile, with a more prolonged effect on C3 and C4 than on factor B metabolism. PMID- 3219805 TI - [Postganglionic noradrenergic nervous function in Shy-Drager syndrome]. PMID- 3219806 TI - [A case of cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated with granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system]. PMID- 3219808 TI - [Three-dimensional distribution of spinal anterior horn cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Shy-Drager syndrome--a study of cytoarchitectonic feature]. PMID- 3219807 TI - [Scapular winging in cervical spondylotic myelopathy]. PMID- 3219809 TI - [Sectoranopia in a patient with hemorrhage of the right geniculate nucleus]. PMID- 3219810 TI - [Neuropathological studies of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with special reference to systemic degeneration of dentato-rubral system and neuronal loss of Onuf's nuclei]. PMID- 3219811 TI - [Amnestic syndrome with severe character change caused by bilateral small infarctions involving white matter just below the thalamus]. PMID- 3219812 TI - The stresses of caring. PMID- 3219813 TI - Slow-paying patients. PMID- 3219814 TI - An in vitro experimental comparison of Edwards-Duromedics and St Jude bileaflet heart valve prostheses. AB - An in vitro comparison of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Edwards Duromedics (DM) and St Jude (SJ) bi-leaflet aortic valve prostheses is presented. Aortic valves 27 mm in diameter were mounted in a pulse duplicator simulating physiological pulsatile flow using a glycerol solution as the blood analogue fluid. Mean trans-valvular pressure difference (TPD) in systole, the per cent regurgitation (PCR) and the projected valve orifice area (VOA) were compared at a range of flow rates and heart rates to reflect the functioning of the valve under resting as well as exercise conditions. Our results showed that the TDP for DM (0.99 +/- 0.28 kPa) valve was slightly larger than the SJ (0.81 +/- 0.19 kPa) valve (mean difference of 0.18 +/- 0.26 kPa, P less than 0.05). However, the PCR for the DM (13.6 +/- 7.8) valve was smaller than the SJ (17.9 +/- 9.0) valve (mean difference of 4.3 +/- 4.2%, P less than 0.01). Moreover, VOA for the DM (2.51 +/- 0.10 cm2) valve was smaller than the SJ (3.13 +/- 0.04 cm2) valve (mean difference of 0.63 +/- 0.10 cm3, P less than 0.001). PMID- 3219815 TI - Multichannel digital recording of intraluminal temperature in the upper gastrointestinal tract of man: techniques and analyses. AB - A recording system has been developed to measure intraluminal temperature changes from six sites simultaneously in the upper gastrointestinal tract at rates up to 10 Hz from each site. The temperature probe contains six type K thermocouples mounted in 14 French gauge orogastric tube. The data is logged, after digital conversion and signal multiplexing, onto disc storage by a dedicated microcomputer. The fluctuating temperature profile, defined as temperature spikes, has been subjected to novel computer analysis to allow definition of temperature load and dissipation within the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. This system enables the effects of drinking and eating hot and cold foods on the physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract to be studied accurately. PMID- 3219816 TI - Comparison of applied potential tomography and impedance epigastrography as methods of measuring gastric emptying. AB - Two new non-invasive methods of measuring gastric emptying, impedance epigastrography (IE) and applied potential tomography (APT) have been compared. Measurements in vitro showed that there is a good correlation between the square of the radius of a glass rod placed in the centre of a tank and values obtained by IE or APT. However, if the rod is moved anteriorly in the tank IE values increase markedly, whereas APT values are unchanged. Both APT and IE can be used to follow gastric emptying of liquid meals; however, the results obtained using APT are more reproducible and have a better correlation with those obtained simultaneously by scintigraphy. Neither method was able accurately to follow gastric emptying unless gastric acid secretion was inhibited by cimetidine. PMID- 3219818 TI - An in vitro evaluation of HRE 664, a novel penem antibiotic. AB - HRE 664 is a novel parenteral penem with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. In this study, HRE 664 inhibited 90% of Enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae at less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml, oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci at less than or equal to 0.13 microgram/ml, oxacillin-resistant staphylococci at less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml, enterococci at less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml, and streptococci at less than or equal to 0.13 microgram/ml. All strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant (MICs were greater than 32 micrograms/ml). HRE 664 exhibited a minimal inoculum effect and good bactericidal activity with all organisms tested except an oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. With the latter, there was a marked inoculum effect and no on-scale bactericidal endpoints. No measurable hydrolysis of HRE 664 occurred with any of the five Gram-negative bacterial beta-lactamases tested. When stored at -20 degrees C, HRE 664 showed no significant loss of activity for up to 6 wk, but detectable deterioration occurred thereafter. At -60 degrees C, no loss in HRE 664 potency was observed for up to 12 wk. Proposed HRE 664 MIC quality control parameters are: 0.03-0.13 microgram/ml for S. aureus ATCC 29213, 0.25-1.0 micrograms/ml for Escherichia coli 25922, and 2.0-8.0 micrograms/ml for Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. PMID- 3219817 TI - Influence of in vitro susceptibility testing conditions on the anti-candidal activity of LY121019. AB - LY121019 is a new antifungal antimicrobic that is structurally similar to the lipopeptide agents echinocandin B and aculeacin A. Because of the importance of in vitro test conditions on the activity of other antifungal agents, we studied the effects of inoculum size, time and temperature of incubation, pH, and medium composition on the in vitro activity of LY121019 against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis. LY121019 was highly active against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis and inactive against Candida parapsilosis. The in vitro activity of LY121019 is marked by a paradoxical dose response with isolates of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis and is influenced by choice of inoculum size, time and temperature of incubation, medium composition, and pH. We recommend the use of an inoculum size of less than 10(5) organisms/ml, a defined medium buffered to a pH of 7.0, and incubation at 30 degrees C for 24 hr for future in vitro studies of LY121019. PMID- 3219819 TI - Doctor-consultation in Hong Kong: a comparison between findings of a telephone interview with the general household survey. PMID- 3219820 TI - Day cases: what are we counting? PMID- 3219821 TI - Qualitative assessment in the evaluation of the Edinburgh primary health care scheme for single homeless hostel dwellers. PMID- 3219823 TI - Proximal femoral fractures: an assessment of the outcome of health care in elderly people. PMID- 3219822 TI - Infectious and parasitic disease mortality in Kuwait and the role of health education. PMID- 3219824 TI - The Community Medicine Game unveiled (or 'solve and prosper?'). PMID- 3219825 TI - Immunization uptake of Glasgow Asian children: paradoxical benefit of communication barriers? PMID- 3219826 TI - Public and health staff knowledge about AIDS. PMID- 3219827 TI - The Beer Sheva Experiment and its lessons for community medicine. PMID- 3219828 TI - IgG, IgM and IgA in the serum of cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. AB - Serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibody response in 20 cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and in 15 non-infected cattle were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A strong IgG response was detected in 16 (80%) of the infected animals. Diagnostic levels of IgM were detectable in all of the infected animals as well as in 8 (53%) of the non-infected animals. Animals with paratuberculosis had a very weak specific serum IgA response and this appears to be of little value in detection of infection in these animals. PMID- 3219829 TI - Affinity of microorganisms of the genus ureaplasma to the reproductive organs of cattle. AB - The purpose of this work was to define more precisely the role of Ureaplasma organisms in the aetiology of granular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis (GVVBP) of cattle. To contribute to this question the frequency and degree of infection with Ureaplasmas in two main groups of cattle was taken into account: (a) in cattle with symptoms of the mentioned disease, (b) in cattle without clinical symptoms. The samples of semen from 301 sires with symptoms of GVVBP and from 43 healthy sires as also vaginal mucus swabs from 96 cows with GVVBP and from 40 cows mated by the sire infected with Ureaplasma organisms and from 50 cows inseminated with semen which contained Ureaplasma organisms were taken for bacteriological examinations. The control group in relation to the above mentioned cows constituted of 22 heifers free from symptoms of GVVBP and neither inseminated nor mated naturally. It has been shown that on an average 78.1% of sires with pathological changes in the mucosa of the penis or prepuce and only 25.6% of healthy sires were infected with Ureaplasma organisms. The concentration of Ureaplasma organisms was also significantly higher in material obtained from sires with symptoms of the disease than in that from healthy animals. Ureaplasma organisms were demonstrated more frequently (72.7%) in cows with GVVBP than in cows without these symptoms (13.3%). Similarly, as in the material obtained from sires, in the material taken from cows with symptoms of the disease the concentration of Ureaplasma organisms was significantly higher than that in the material originating from the healthy cows. The obtained findings may indicate that Ureaplasma organisms play a role in the aetiology of GVVBP. PMID- 3219830 TI - Comparison of diagnostic methods in latex surgical glove contact urticaria. AB - Surgical rubber gloves contain allergens derived from natural rubber latex which may sensitize, causing contact urticaria and even systemic reactions. We examined 15 hospital employees allergic to latex surgical gloves, using various skin tests and RAST, to determine the most reliable diagnostic method and to investigate coexistent allergy to glove powder and rubber chemicals. Prick testing using a stock solution made from one brand of latex glove yielded positive (2+ to 4+) reactions in all 15 employees: 8 retained positive reactions at a 1/10 dilution, 1 at 1/100 and 4 at 1/1000. A prick test using rubber-tree sap (Hevea brasiliensis) was positive in 12/15 employees and a scratch-chamber test using crushed rubber-tree leaf was positive in 13/15. A latex glove use test was positive in 12/13 employees and a latex RAST detected measurable amounts of specific IgE in 8/15. No positive prick test reactions were obtained using glove powder. On patch testing, 2/15 employees showed delayed allergy to rubber chemicals but no immediate reactions were detected. The present results indicate that in addition to the use test, prick testing with a stock solution prepared from latex surgical gloves is an adequate test method for routine practice when diagnosing latex glove contact urticaria. The correlation between prick tests and whole glove use tests was good, but latex RASTs yielded some negative results. PMID- 3219831 TI - Investigation of the prohapten concept. Cross reactions between 1,4-substituted benzene derivatives in the guinea pig. AB - It has been proposed that the cross-reactions seen clinically between hydroquinone and para-phenylenediamine (PPD) arise from the formation of a common hapten, benzoquinone, in vivo, and that these chemicals therefore represent "prohaptens". A series of 1,4-substituted benzene derivatives has been used to examine this prohapten concept in the guinea pig model. Using both topical and intradermal routes of application, it is demonstrated that in the guinea pig 1,4 substituted benzene derivatives capable of oxidation to benzoquinone, including hydroquinone and PPD, show only restricted evidence of cross-reactions. These results support the prohapten concept. However taken in combination with data on cross-reactivity with 1,2- and 1,3-substituted benzenes, rather than giving rise to a single common hapten, they can be more readily interpreted as the formation of a spectrum of antigenic determinants in vivo, some of which are shared in common. PMID- 3219832 TI - Isolation, via activity-directed fractionation, of mercaptobenzothiazole and dibenzothiazyl disulfide as 2 allergens responsible for tennis shoe dermatitis. AB - Although contact dermatitis from shoes is common, the causative allergen is frequently not known. Reliance cannot be placed on standard screening trays because such testing can be negative when testing to shoe materials is positive. Furthermore, the relevance of positive screening tests is almost never proven by extracting that allergen from the patient's shoes. We present a case of insole dermatitis to tennis shoes in which we directly isolated the causative allergens by step-by-step patch-test monitoring of active fractions. Chromatographic separation of the active fractions led to the isolation of 2 allergens, mercaptobenzothiazole (Captax) (MBT) and its dimer, dibenzothiazyl disulfide (Altax) (DBTD). Patch tests to DBTD were noticeably more potent than those to MBT. In what might be considered an obvious case of contact sensitivity to MBT, the actual allergen is DBTD. Using this method, unknown shoe allergens can be isolated, identified, and added to the shoe test tray of potential allergens. PMID- 3219833 TI - Kathon CG reactivity in 1396 consecutively patch tested patients in the Copenhagen area. AB - In 1396 consecutively patch tested patients 18 (1.3%) reacted to Kathon CG. Relevance was established in 4 of the 18 patients. The frequency of positive reactions to Kathon CG in eczema patients seems to have been stable in Denmark during the period 1983 to 1988. PMID- 3219834 TI - Kathon CG content in cosmetic products. PMID- 3219836 TI - Mini-epidemic of contact dermatitis from ginkgo tree fruit (Ginkgo biloba L.). AB - 3 cases of contact dermatitis from ginkgo fruit are reported. Swelling of the prepuce can be the only clinical sign of intolerance, as was observed in 1 case. Diagnosis of contact dermatitis to ginkgo fruit should be made in cities where female ginkgo trees grow, in Chinese, Japanese and South-East Asian subjects, who are aware of the ginkgo nut's culinary qualities within the fruit, as well as in children who play with the fallen fruits as "marbles". PMID- 3219835 TI - IgE-mediated allergy to natural rubber in 30 patients with contact urticaria. AB - 30 patients who had experienced contact urticaria after exposure to gloves, contraceptives, balloons or dental cofferdams went through a detailed examination including interviews on: exposure to rubber; local and distant symptoms; provocation tests; skin prick tests with (among other substances) latex extracts from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis; patch testing, IgE and RAST analyses. 23 patients (77%) reported additional symptoms from distant organs. 13 belonged to medical occupations; 25 were classified as atopics based on history; 21 had raised IgE-values; 25 were RAST-positive to the extracts from Hevea brasiliensis. 13 had a pre-existing hand dermatitis, of whom 6 were patch test positive to standard allergens. Skin prick tests with extracts from Hevea brasiliensis were the most sensitive diagnostic tool, while the RAST analysis was positive in 25/30 cases. These tests and analyses including RAST were negative in 40 control subjects. Provocation tests are of great value, but difficult to standardize. Several patients reported severe reactions at medical and dental examination/treatment situations (surgical gloves, dental cofferdams), and the risk of life-threatening anaphylactic reactions is emphasized. PMID- 3219837 TI - Cross-reaction pattern of the cationic emulsifier oleamidopropyl dimethylamine. AB - 13 patients allergic to the cationic emulsifier oleamidopropyl dimethylamine were tested with a series of related amide-amine type surfactants in order to investigate its cross-reaction pattern. With 1 exception, all patients reacted to at least 4 of the test materials. Most reactions were observed to ricinoleamidopropyl dimethylamine lactate and tallowamidopropyl dimethylamine (11 patients, 85%); 9 patients (of 12 tested, 75%) reacted to lauramidopropyl dimethylamine and 6 (46%) to myristamidopropyl dimethylamine. A certain pattern of cross-reactivity was recognised. PMID- 3219838 TI - Contact allergy to colour developing agents in the guinea pig. AB - Colour developing agents, derivatives of p-phenylenediamine, can cause contact allergy. Patch test reactions to more than one colour developer are sometimes seen in patients. To study whether this is due to simultaneous sensitization or cross-reactivity, guinea pig maximization tests (GPMT) with CD-2, CD-3 and CD-4 were carried out. 5 experiments were performed, using pet. or water as vehicles. When pet. was used, the challenge concentrations could be raised and cross reactivity between the colour developers, but not with p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride, was revealed. When water was used as vehicle, the challenge concentrations were limited because of staining of the test sites and irritation. CD-2, CD-3 and CD-4 were found to be extreme sensitizers according to the classification by Magnusson and Kligman. The importance of using an appropriate vehicle to obtain optimal conditions for the GPMT is stressed. To study the purity and stability of the chemicals used, analysis by HPLC of the test substances at different stages of the GPMT procedure was performed. Aqueous solutions of the colour developers were found to be unstable, while pet. mixtures were stable. PMID- 3219839 TI - Propolis allergy. (III). Sensitization studies with minor constituents. AB - 87% of the propolis product "LB-1", originally reported to be 1,1-dimethyl-allyl caffeic acid ester, was shown by GC/MS analysis to consist of 3 isomeric pentenyl caffeates, 63% of which are 1,1-dimethylallyl caffeate. These pentenyl caffeates proved to be the major sensitizers of propolis and of poplar bud secretion in our previous study. In addition, 3 further minor allergens have now been investigated. Experimental sensitization indicates that phenylethyl caffeate is as strong a sensitizer as the major allergen "LB-1", while benzyl salicylate is a moderate sensitizer. Benzyl cinnamate plays only a subordinate role. At least 3 further esters of caffeic acid or cinnamic acid remain to be studied. Interestingly, relationships between propolis and balsam of Peru were found. 8 compounds are common to both materials. Thus "cross-reactions" or concomitant reactions in propolis-sensitive individuals to balsam of Peru are explainable. PMID- 3219841 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from a suction socket prosthesis. PMID- 3219840 TI - Contact urticaria from levomepromazine. PMID- 3219842 TI - Sensitization to palladium. PMID- 3219843 TI - Age and sex distribution of the incidence of contact sensitivity to standard allergens. PMID- 3219844 TI - Contact stomatitis from a breath refresher (Eundan). PMID- 3219845 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from rifamycin. PMID- 3219846 TI - Rumbler operator's green hair. PMID- 3219847 TI - Kerosene "burns": a new case. PMID- 3219848 TI - Urticaria--angioedema syndrome caused by an Argas reflexus sting. PMID- 3219849 TI - Developmental changes in the extracellular matrix of the dental follicle during tooth eruption. AB - Eruption of the third and fourth mandibular premolars in the dog begins at 15 weeks of age, is dependent upon the dental follicle, and is complete by 23 weeks. Our study covered the period from 12 to 20 weeks, and revealed several changes in extracellular matrix structure and organization of the follicle which correlate with specific physiological events in eruption. First, the average DNA content per follicle reached a maximum at 14 weeks. Two weeks later, follicle size had increased 1.3- to 2.4- times. Second, the collagen content of follicles increased 2.5-fold over the study period, with two-thirds of this increase over the last four weeks. Type I collagen was the major collagen at all stages of follicular development. The amount of proteoglycan rose 45% from 16 to 20 weeks of age. Third, the ultrastructure of the dental follicle prior to eruption (12 weeks) indicated a disorganized interstitial connective tissue matrix; during eruption, two size classes of fibrils were observed which clustered together in linearly aligned bundles. Fourth, gel electrophoretic analyses resolved more than twenty follicle proteins with the major species a Mr = 95k glycoprotein. Immunoblotting demonstrated only one minor component was derived from serum. Comparison of noncollagenous proteins from different aged follicles indicated that three small polypeptides (Mr = 20-25 k) were present primarily at 16 weeks, the same time at which root elongation begins. A different sequence of changes was exhibited by two other proteins of Mr = 13 and 15 k. These findings may serve as biochemical markers of stages of dental follicle development and facilitate a search for local control mechanisms. PMID- 3219850 TI - Differences between sub-populations of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes. I. Morphology and cartilage matrix production. AB - Bovine articular chondrocytes cultured in agarose gel comprise a heterogeneous population when judged by morphological and histochemical criteria. The purpose of the present experiments was to compare, under the same conditions of culture, sub-populations of chondrocytes derived from different depths of articular cartilage. Sub-populations of chondrocytes were cultured separately following their isolation from slices of articular cartilage cut from successive depths of the tissue. Chondrocytes derived from superficial and deep zones differed significantly in morphology, rate of proliferation, and activity in secreting a proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix. The differences are sufficient to account for the heterogeneity observed in cultures of the entire cell population, and the correlate well with known variations with depth in morphology and histochemistry of intact articular cartilage. These results demonstrate that articular chondrocytes continue in culture to express metabolic differences which reflect their original anatomical location; such differences may have important functional significance. PMID- 3219851 TI - Differences between sub-populations of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes. II. Proteoglycan metabolism. AB - Sub-populations of bovine articular chondrocytes derived from different depths of the cartilage showed differences in accumulation of proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix in culture. To extend these morphological studies, the synthesis and catabolism of 35S-labeled proteoglycans have been examined in similar cultures. Chondrocytes from deep zones synthesized significantly more proteoglycans than cells from the superficial zone. While all populations of chondrocytes synthesized predominantly aggregating proteoglycans, a higher proportion of isotope was present in non-aggregating proteoglycans in cultures of superficial chondrocytes, by comparison with those of deep cells. Proteoglycans were degraded more rapidly by superficial cells than by chondrocytes from deeper layers. These results correlate both with previous histochemical studies of similar cultures, and with known depth-related variations in biochemical composition of intact articular cartilage. PMID- 3219853 TI - A three-year evaluation of TCu 380 Ag and multiload Cu 375 intrauterine devices. AB - A randomized, comparative, multicenter clinical trial of TCu 380Ag and Multiload Cu 375 intrauterine devices (IUDs) was conducted. Safety and acceptability were evaluated through three years following insertion in 884 patients. The two IUDs were similar with respect to all event rates. Thirty-six month life table pregnancy rates were 0.6 per 100 TCu 380Ag users and 1.8 per 100 Multiload Cu 375 users. Continuation rates were 67.4 and 61.4 per 100 users of the respective devices at three years after insertion. PMID- 3219852 TI - A multicentre comparative study of serum lipids and lipoproteins in four groups of oral combined contraceptive users and a control group of IUD users. World Health Organization. Task Force on Oral Contraceptives. AB - A prospective clinical trial was conducted in three centres to assess the effects of the type and dose of progestogen, the dose of estrogen and the progestogen-to estrogen ratio of oral contraceptives on lipid metabolism. The preparations selected contained levonorgestrel 250 micrograms + ethinyl estradiol 50 micrograms (Neogynon), levonorgestrel 250 micrograms + ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms (Eugynon 30), levonorgestrel 150 micrograms + ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms (Microgynon) or norethisterone acetate 1 mg + ethinyl estradiol 50 micrograms (Minovlar). Four-hundred-and-seven premenopausal women were randomly assigned to one of the four pill groups and compared to a control group of 119 users of a CuT220c intrauterine device. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and total triglycerides were monitored and the analysis includes the data of those who were followed over 48 weeks, 241 OC users and 87 IUD users. 250 micrograms of levonorgestrel were found to induce more unfavourable lipid changes in terms of atherosclerotic risk than 1mg of norethisterone acetate. Levonorgestrel was found to have a dose-effect on HDL-cholesterol and LDL cholesterol serum levels, while ethinyl estradiol had a dose-effect on serum triglycerides. HDL-cholesterol was related to the progestogen-to-estrogen ratio. Most of these findings were consistent across centres. Finally, some comments are made on the implications of the study results on the design of future lipid studies. PMID- 3219855 TI - Heavy metals and human spermatozoa. III. The toxicity of copper ions for spermatozoa. AB - The dissolution of copper ions from copper metal into a saline medium in vitro was quantified using a colourimetric assay. The presence of spermatozoa enhanced this dissolution and increasing the protein content of the medium further increased the rate of dissolution. Approximately 17% of the copper released was either tightly bound to the spermatozoa or was within the cell and could not be removed by repeated washing. Once spermatozoa were immobilized, they could not be revived by washing and repeated changes of medium, by addition of copper specific chelating agent or by extensive dialysis. When the toxicity to spermatozoa of cuprous and cupric ions was compared with copper metal, it could be shown that the quantity of cupric ions required (0.2-0.4 mg/ml) was in excess of the total quantity of copper released into solution. The quantity of cuprous ion required (0.08-0.16 mg/ml) to exert similar toxic effects to copper, was within the range of copper released from the metal. Under the conditions of this study, it is possible that cuprous ion would be oxidised to the cupric form generating free radicals in the process. It is not known whether the toxic effect is due to the cuprous ion, per se, or to radicals generated in its oxidation. Increasing the protein content of the medium to levels similar to low (8 mg/ml) and high (64 mg/ml) values reported in human uterine fluid increased the dissolution rate of copper but also offered some protection against the toxic effects of copper metal and cuprous and cupric ions. PMID- 3219854 TI - Pregnancy interruption with RU 486 in combination with dl-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha-methyl ester: the Chinese experience. AB - In a multicenter study taking place in four centers in Beijing (People's Republic of China), pregnancies up to 49 days of amenorrhea (DA) were interrupted with RU 486 (RU 38486, mifepristone, 600 mg orally once), followed 36-60 hours later by administration of dl-15-methyl-PGF 2 alpha-methyl ester (PG05, 1 mg vaginal suppository). One-hundred-and-sixty women were included in the study, three of whom being excluded from efficacy assessment because of non-compliance to the protocol. Complete pregnancy interruption without additional surgical procedure (success) was obtained in 136 women (86.6%, 95% confidence interval: 81.3-91.9%). The success rate was significantly (P = 0.013) higher for pregnancies below (91.3%), than for pregnancies above 42 days of amenorrhea (DA) (76.6%). The time elapsed between RU 486 intake and complete expulsion was 2.8 +/- 1.5 (sd) days (range: 1-12 days). Expulsion took place at the latest 4 days after RU 486 in 125 women (94.7%), and in 107 of these women, it occurred 3.1 +/- 1.7 (sd) hours after PG05 administration. Uterine bleeding occurred in all women after RU 486 intake whatever the outcome of treatment and lasted 11.5 +/- 4.8 (sd) days (range: 3-36 days). It was judged more or much more abundant than usual periods in 6.15% of the women. It led to a slight but significant decrease in hemoglobin as measured eight and 14 days after RU 486 intake. In five women, hemoglobin decreased by 4 g/dl or more, but no patient required a blood transfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219857 TI - Labeling guidance for combination oral contraceptives. PMID- 3219856 TI - Interfering with implantation by postcoital estrogen administration. II. Endometrium epithelial cell ultrastructure. AB - Secretory human endometrium was studied by electron microscopy after high-dose ethinylestradiol administration, a method used for interception (morning-after pill). Medicated (experimental) cycles were compared to non-medicated (control) cycles in the same volunteers. The nucleolar channel system typically present in the nucleus of the epithelial cell in secretory phase of the human endometrium disappears completely as a result of this treatment, resulting in a nucleolar basket structure. Glycogen deposits were prominent at the basal membrane and in the apex of the cell during the experimental cycle. Giant mitochondria were observed to occur to similar extent during control and treatment cycles. This study confirms the morphological delay found in light microscopic studies, published earlier with diethylstilbestrol and with ethinylestradiol. PMID- 3219859 TI - Zonal variation of HLA expression on human cornea epithelium. AB - Seven human corneas were studied, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, for expression of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class-I and class-II antigens on the epithelial cells of the central 8-mm corneal button and the remaining corneal periphery and limbus. The antigenicity was compared with that of Raji and Daudi cell lines, which served as controls. It was demonstrated that the epithelium of the two corneal parts shows a high expression of HLA class I antigens, albeit not as strong as that found in the control cell lines. On the other hand, HLA class-II antigens were found only in the limbal-peripheral area. Expression of the HLA class-I antigens was weaker in the central portion of the cornea. It is proposed that the absence of HLA class-II antigens expression in the central portion of the cornea offers an additional explanation for the greater success of small corneal grafts, since the recognition step necessary for the immunological response is lacking. PMID- 3219858 TI - The effects of oral or intravenous citrate on the activation of neutrophils in vitro. AB - Topical citrate has been shown to significantly reduce the severity and incidence of corneal ulceration in alkali-burned rabbit eyes. Subcutaneous injection of citrate significantly reduced the severity of ulceration. This study was performed to determine the plasma citrate and ionized calcium levels after systemic administration of citrate. Repeated ingestion of citric acid capsules showed a small increase in the plasma citrate level, but no significant change in the level of ionized serum calcium 30 min after the last ingestion. A single dose of Polycitra-LC (6.672 g of citrate) more than doubled the baseline citrate concentration but only induced a 5% decrease in the level of ionized serum calcium 30 min after ingestion. Neither regimen of orally administered citrate produced any significant effect on the respiratory burst or adherence of in vitro polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) resuspended in their respective plasma. In comparison studies, higher levels of plasma citrate and lower levels of ionized serum calcium were achieved through plateletpheresis. The respiratory burst and adherence of PMNs were not statistically different from baseline PMNs. However, there was an inverse correlation between the micromolar increase in citrate or the micromolar decrease in calcium and the respiratory burst. These results suggest that the use of oral citrate alone may not be practical, but does not preclude the use of oral citrate as a supplement to topical citrate. PMID- 3219861 TI - Reversal of conjunctival transdifferentiation by topical retinoic acid. AB - After resurfacing a total corneal epithelial defect extending 2-3 mm beyond the limbus, conjunctival epithelium gradually loses goblet cells and transforms into a corneal-like epithelium. We examined the effect of topical retinoic acid on the reversal of transdifferentiation on nonvascularized corneas. Four months after total denudation of corneal epithelium using n-heptanol, rabbit corneas without vascularization received topical drops of 0.1% (wt/vol) all-trans retinoic acid in corn oil 3 times a day. Before treatment, the transdifferentiation was complete, as evidenced by the absence of goblet cells on the corneal surface using a topographical assay and routine histology. After treatment for 15 days, goblet cells reappeared 3 mm into the peripheral cornea, and extended in a centripetal density to 4.5 mm after 32 days. To prove that retinoic acid was not angiogenic, retinoid-bearing Elvax-40 pellets were implanted into normal corneal stroma. Taken together, these data indicate that vitamin A or retinoids may be an important factor in the modulation of conjunctival epithelial transdifferentiation. PMID- 3219860 TI - Lectin binding patterns of the human cornea. Comparison of frozen and paraffin sections. AB - Twelve FITC-conjugated lectins were used to establish a reaction pattern with cellular and noncellular components in fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin sections of 11 normal human corneas. In frozen sections the epithelium demonstrated the most active lectin staining; keratocytes and endothelium stained to a lesser degree. Of the noncellular components, the epithelial basement membrane and Descemet's membrane of some of the tissues were stained most by Phasolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), Concanavalin A (Con-A), and Sopora japonica agglutinin (SJA). None of the lectins stained Bowman's layer or the stromal matrix. Keratocytes in paraffin sections stained the most compared with the epithelium and endothelium. In paraffin sections, the epithelial basement membrane and Bowman's layer of some of the tissue sections were stained by Con-A, Ricinus cummuni agglutinin 120 (RCA-120), Banderiraea simplicifolia lectin (BSL-I), PHA, and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). From this study, it was observed that the reactivity of lectins to the cellular components in paraffin-embedded sections was less pronounced than in frozen sections. Sensitivity of lectin binding was considerably enhanced by the proteolytic enzyme digestion of paraffin sections. PMID- 3219862 TI - Contrast sensitivity after epikeratophakia. AB - Epikeratophakia is a rapidly evolving surgical procedure for the refractive correction of aphakia. Even when Snellen acuity after epikeratophakia is normal, patients often report a subjective degradation of the visual image through the surgically corrected eye. To further define visual performance in the patient with optically successful epikeratophakia, we examined contrast sensitivity in two patients surgically corrected for monocular aphakia. Contrast thresholds were measured over a range of spatial frequencies using both computer-generated sinusoidal gratings and a commercially available wall chart system. The eye with epikeratophakia in each case was compared with the opposite normal eye with comparable acuity. One patient was also tested prospectively in the same eye both before and after surgery. Data demonstrate a depression of the contrast sensitivity function in the middle and high spatial frequencies induced by the placement of an epikeratophakia lenticule when compared with the normal eye or contact lens-corrected, preoperative aphakic eye with comparable good acuity. These findings may explain the subjective experience of epikeratophakia patients. PMID- 3219863 TI - Aspergillus panophthalmitis complicating treatment of pterygium. AB - A 58-year-old woman lost her left eye due to Aspergillus panophthalmitis four months after excision of a pterygium. The patient had received postoperative beta radiation and developed a scleral ulcer in the area of treatment from which no organisms could be cultured on two occasions. Because of the difficulty of diagnosing superficial mycotic infections of the eye, and because the treatment of so-called radiation scleritis may worsen fungal infections, ophthalmologists need to be aware of the potential infectious complications associated with the treatment of pterygia. PMID- 3219864 TI - Acute pellucid marginal corneal degeneration. AB - Pellucid marginal corneal degeneration is a bilateral disease characterized by a narrow band of corneal thinning localized 1-2 mm from the inferior limbus. The disease is diagnosed usually between 20 and 50 years of life, and its etiology remains obscure. During the clinical course and evolution of pellucid marginal corneal degeneration, acute hydrops with corneal edema in the lower half may develop (acute pellucid marginal corneal degeneration). However, since cases of acute pellucid marginal corneal degeneration are not frequently encountered in clinical practice, each new patient is evaluated and managed with the utmost care to contribute to our better understanding of this disease. This is a report of two cases of acute pellucid marginal corneal degeneration that had a relatively favorable functional outcome when treated medically, so that corneal grafting was not necessary. PMID- 3219865 TI - Acanthamoeba-contaminated hydrogel contact lenses. Susceptibility to disinfection. AB - Acanthamoeba keratitis has frequently been associated with contact lens use. In this study, contaminated hydrogel contact lenses of patients were subjected to disinfection by thermal hydrogen peroxide and chemical (quaternary ammonium) systems. New hydrogel contact lenses contaminated by incubation on Acanthamoeba polyphaga plates were similarly subjected to the disinfection systems described above. Thermal disinfection was universally effective in eradicating acanthamoeba, whereas hydrogen peroxide and quaternary ammonium disinfection were ineffective. Scanning electron microscope photomicrographs suggest that acanthamoeba may adhere to surfaces of hydrogel contact lenses. These findings have significant implications for soft contact lens users. PMID- 3219867 TI - Spontaneous facial expression of emotions in brain-damaged patients. AB - Spontaneous facial expression of emotion was studied in two groups of right (N = 23) and left (N = 39) brain-damaged patients and in a control group of normal subjects (N = 28). To elicit emotions four short movies, constructed to produce positive, negative or neutral emotional responses, were used. The method used to assess the facial expression of emotions was the Facial Action Coding System. Brain-damaged patients showed less facial responses to emotional stimuli than normal controls, but no difference was observed between subjects with right and left-sided lesions either with global or disaggregated data analyses, inconsistent with the hypothesis of a specialization of the right hemisphere for facial emotional expressions. An unexpected difference was observed in response to the unpleasant movie. Both normal controls and left brain-damaged patients often averted their gaze from the screen when unpleasant material was displayed, whereas right brain-damaged patients rarely showed gaze aversion. This finding suggests that the degree of emotional involvement or manner of coping with stressful input may be reduced as a result of right brain damage. PMID- 3219866 TI - Cross-cultural and multi-ethnic dementia evaluation by mental status and memory testing. AB - Two studies investigated aspects of cross-cultural dementia evaluation. The first explored consequences of using different mental status tests; the second compared mental status and memory assessments for normal individuals aged 70-79 and 80-89 in Japan and in America. In a dementia screening clinic, scores from the Hasegawa mental status test could be converted to the Blessed scale without influencing patient classification (impaired vs. unimpaired). Younger subjects were slightly superior to older subjects in mental status in both comparison groups. Both Japanese groups performed better on the memory test than even the younger American group. PMID- 3219868 TI - The executive and ideational components of apraxia. AB - Fifty six left brain-damaged (LBD) patients and 38 right brain-damaged (RBD) patients were requested to perform two measures of praxis using the hand ipsilateral to the side of lesion. One task required the accurate imitation of actions made by the examiner and taxed executive abilities; the other task required the patient to pantomime the use of objects that were shown, but not handed, and it also involved an ideational component, i.e., the evocation of gestures. The cut-off point discriminating a normal from a pathological performance was set at the level of the poorest score found in 60 control patients. On both tests apraxia was found to be associated primarily with left brain-damage. However, while on the use of objects test practically only LBD patients failed, on the imitation test there was also a sizeable proportion of RBD patients who showed a mild apraxia. When the performance on the two tests was contrasted, there were as many LBD patients as RBD patients who scored remarkably lower on movement imitation than on pantomiming the use of objects, whereas the opposite dissociation was found almost exclusively in LBD patients. We infer from these data that the left hemisphere dominance for praxis is more marked at the ideational stage and that there is also a minor right hemisphere participation in the control of the executive stage of gesture. PMID- 3219869 TI - Mixed transcortical aphasia in nonfamilial dysphasic dementia. AB - The neurolinguistic and cognitive profiles of a patient with mixed transcortical aphasia and non-familial dysphasic dementia associated with progressive, left perisylvian involution are presented. This clinicopathological entity has recently been shown to be an example of a novel class of intrinsic, focal cortical degenerations with sparing of the basal forebrain. The characteristics of the aphasia were unusual. There were occasional literal and verbal paraphasic errors, but no completion phenomenon, embellishment or significant echolalia. Evidence of a generalized lexical disruption was found on detailed analysis of residual abilities in reading, writing and spelling. A newly described form of non-lexical repetition was present, resulting in the patient's inability to correct syntactical and semantic errors. Affective prosodic repetition was intact. A combined paraphasic word-production and semantic anomia was found. These observations combined with evidence of evolving region-specific cognitive impairments suggest that the pathological process resulted in a relative disconnection of integral frontal and parieto-occipital areas from adjacent perisylvian language zones. PMID- 3219870 TI - Concreteness/abstractness of stimulus-words and semantic clustering in right brain-damaged patients. AB - Fifteen right brain-damaged patients and 15 normal controls were tested for learning, delayed recall and semantic clustering abilities using two lists of two/three-syllable words. The first list consisted of 12 familiar, concrete, high imageability nouns belonging to three semantic categories and the second of 12 abstract, low-imageability, familiar nouns also belonging to three semantic categories. The right brain-damaged patients proved to have a learning and semantic clustering deficit for concrete but not for abstract words. This was interpreted as evidence for a selective right hemisphere capability for processing concrete, high-imageability words. PMID- 3219871 TI - A study of hand preference in myasthenia gravis. AB - A recent study reported an association between left-handedness and some pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases, including myasthenia gravis (MG). We studied hand preference in 102 patients with a generalized autoimmune form of myasthenia gravis and in a control group of 178 subjects. We employed Oldfield's inventory with a few minor modifications. The questionnaire also asked the hand preference of patients' and controls' relatives. For each subject, the laterality quotient (LQ) was calculated and submitted to ANOVA. The frequency of left handedness in controls was similar to that reported in the literature. Although left-handedness occurred less often in myasthenics, the difference between the two groups was not significant. Also the frequency of left-handedness in relatives of myasthenic patients did not differ from that observed in controls. PMID- 3219872 TI - Grammatical morphology in aphasia: a case of errata or reader misinterpretations? AB - As convincing as the discussion presented by Elizabeth Bates, Angela Friederici and Beverly Wulfeck on grammatical morphology in aphasia in three languages may seem, we were at loss when trying to reconstruct the quantitative basis of their argumentation (see Bates et al., 1987, Grammatical morphology in aphasia: Evidence from three languages. Cortex, 23: 545-575). With the present notice we would like to lessen the possibility of reader misinterpretations that may easily confuse the thread of the argument of this article in the form in which it was originally presented. PMID- 3219873 TI - Adaptation to movement in right and left visual fields. AB - 102 subjects reported on movement aftereffects (MAEs) produced by stimuli presented in the left or right visual field. MAEs were both faster and longer when the stimuli were presented in the right visual field. Possible reasons for the asymmetry are discussed. PMID- 3219874 TI - An anomalous sex difference in auditory laterality. AB - Eighty right-handed adults (40 females, 40 males) performed a task that entailed detecting and localizing targets within series of dichotic digit names. Analysis of sensitivity scores for each ear revealed an overall right-ear advantage (REA). However, a significant Sex x Ear interaction showed that the degree of asymmetry was greater among females than among males. This sex difference, which is opposite to that previously reported in some dichotic listening studies, contradicts the conclusion that language processing is more completely lateralized in males than in females. PMID- 3219875 TI - Interhemispheric transfer of spatial tactile information in callosal agenesis and partial commissurotomy. AB - The De Renzi Rod Test was used to investigate the transfer of spatial tactile information between hands in acallosals and partial commissurotomy patients. The right-handed performance of young acallosals was impaired, confirming the results of an earlier study by Meerwaldt (1983). The adult acallosals, with one exception, showed no difference between right and left hand performances. Two partial callosotomy patients with sparing of the most caudal parts of the body of the callosum showed no difference between the hands. A third callosotomy patient with little, if any, sparing of the most caudal part of the body of the callosum showed a marked impairment when performing the tactile task with the right hand. The unimpaired performances of the adult acallosals are attributed to the use of ipsilateral pathways and the development of behavioural strategies. The callosotomy patients' results are consistent with the mapping by Pandya and Seltzer (1986) of the interhemispheric callosal pathways between the cortical parietal areas in non-human primates. PMID- 3219876 TI - Child mortality caused by poverty. PMID- 3219877 TI - The madness of hunger: sickness, delirium, and human needs. PMID- 3219879 TI - Evaluation of the combination inhaler of salbutamol and beclomethasone dipropionate in the management of asthma. AB - An open parallel study lasting 24 weeks was performed in 39 asthmatics to evaluate patient compliance and the clinical effects of regular inhalations of beclomethasone dipropionate and salbutamol used simultaneously from a combination inhaler with regular inhalations of salbutamol and beclomethasone dipropionate used sequentially from separate inhalers. Total daily doses in the two groups were 800 micrograms salbutamol and 400 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate. There were no differences between the two treatment groups with respect to clinic pulmonary function tests (FEV1, FVC), daily PEF measurements, symptom scores, use of symptomatic bronchodilator therapy, requirements for extra medication and patients' and physician's assessment of treatment. At 12 weeks, the physician assessed significantly more patients to have better symptom control on the combination inhaler than on separate inhalers. Patient compliance was high in both treatment groups which may have been due to the close supervision of the clinical study. PMID- 3219878 TI - Mortality differentials in Canada, 1951-1971: French, British, and Indians. AB - Mortality differentials reflect in part the social and economic conditions of groups in society. In this paper, the relationship between ethnic origin and mortality is investigated from the point of view of convergence and minority group status hypotheses. Multivariate methods are used to study differences among the French, the British and Native Indian (includes Metis and Eskimos) populations of Canada over three census periods from 1951 to 1971. A significant downward trend in the death rates of all three subpopulations is noted, but substantial differences persist, as the pace of mortality decline over time varies across the three ethnic groups. In the twenty-year interval between 1951 and 1971, Native Indians have experienced spectacular reductions in their overall death rates, but in comparative terms, their mortality levels still exceed those of the French (who show intermediate levels) and the British ethnic groups. The multivariate analysis provides strong support for the minority status effect, which is taken to suggest that the roots of inequalities in survival probabilities are partly a result of social and economic disparities. The convergence thesis received some support: over time the general pattern is one of declining mortality with some narrowing of the differences. An examination of four broad causes of death (neoplasms, cardiovascular, accidents-violence, and "other") suggests that Native Indians are characteristic of populations undergoing epidemiologic and demographic transitions. Their elevated risk of accidents-violence reflects social disruption in the process of modernization. Causes of death of the French and British populations are characterized by higher risks of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, typical of advanced societies. PMID- 3219880 TI - Changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels and Achilles tendon diameters and indices in familial hypercholesterolaemic patients with tendinous xanthomatosis treated by diet and bezafibrate for 2 years. AB - Thirteen young adult patients suffering from heterozygotic familial hypercholesterolaemia with tendinous xanthomatosis, previously treated with a suitable special diet, were studied to assess the effect of bezafibrate, given for 2 years at a dose of 800 mg/day, on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels and on changes in size of the Achilles tendon xanthomas. Measurements were made before and at intervals during treatment, the tendinous xanthomas being measured by an echographic procedure to give data on antero-posterior and lateral diameters, thus enabling an Achilles tendon index to be defined. The results confirm the hypolipidaemic activity of bezafibrate, changes in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipids and lipoproteins (LDL, VLDL and HDL) being similar in direction and magnitude to those reported previously. A significant regression in the size of the Achilles tendon xanthomas was observed in 11 of the 13 patients, and the regression in the Achilles tendon index correlated significantly with a favourable change in the ratio HDL/LDL + VLDL. It is suggested that, as a result of this objective observation, a favourable effect of bezafibrate treatment would possibly be seen on the anatomical atheromatous lesions which are usual in this type of hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 3219882 TI - Electrophysiological study of intravenous pinaverium bromide in cardiology. AB - Pinaverium bromide is a musculotropic spasmolytic agent which acts by inhibiting transmembrane calcium movements, an effect similar to that of verapamil. Because of this, an investigation was carried out to see if it had any electrophysiological effects in patients with various cardiac disorders. In an open study, 10 patients received 2 mg pinaverium bromide intravenously. In a double-blind study, 10 patients received 4 mg pinaverium bromide intravenously and 10 patients placebo. Patients included those with either normal or pathological basal conduction, such as bundle-branch block and 1st degree atrioventricular block. Measurements were made of electrophysiological parameters before and 10 minutes after injection. The results showed that neither of the two doses of pinaverium bromide had any effect on atrial excitability, sino-atrial conduction, node and trunk atrioventricular conduction or on intraventricular conduction. No significant difference was seen in comparison with placebo. Pinaverium bromide had no anti-arrhythmic properties in these studies. Local, cardiac and general clinical tolerability was good in all patients. PMID- 3219881 TI - The effects of piretanide in patients with congestive heart failure and diabetes mellitus: a double-blind comparison with furosemide. AB - A double-blind parallel group study was carried out to compare the effects of piretanide on daily glucose profiles, symptoms of congestive heart failure and serum electrolytes with those of furosemide in 24 diabetic in-patients suffering from congestive heart failure. After a 3-day run-in period on placebo, patients were allocated at random to receive 10-days' treatment with either 6 mg piretanide or 40 mg furosemide once daily. The results showed that there were no differences between the glucose profiles between the first and the last day of treatment, nor were there any differences between the two treatments. Piretanide and furosemide both produced a significant reduction in the number of symptoms of congestive heart failure. There were no significant changes in biochemical variables within the groups, nor were there any differences between the groups, except for an increase in uric acid and decrease in total protein values after furosemide. Mean triglyceride values decreased significantly after piretanide treatment, and SGOT values decreased after both treatments, the latter change being of no clinical relevance. Side-effects were generally mild in both groups and did not require any counter-measures. PMID- 3219883 TI - Vesiculation of bovine erythrocyte membranes: two methods of quantification. AB - Two simple methods of quantification of the relative concentration of vesicles released from bovine erythrocyte membranes are described. Turbidimetric and nephelometric measurements need only a typical spectrophotometer and spectrofluorimeter and could be employed for studying not only vesicles, but the turbidity of various suspensions. PMID- 3219884 TI - Chromosome analysis in chorionic villi samples from the first trimester elective terminations. AB - Chorionic villi sampling (CVS) has become a first trimester alternative to amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis. The cytogenetic findings in 150 experimental samples are presented. The ages of the mothers ranged from 12 to 35 years, but the majority of them were 18 and 19 years of age. Various parameters of culturing and processing the samples in order to improve the method, were investigated. Short term incubation for 48 h was the method routinely employed in processing the biopsies for cytogenetic analysis. In the first series of 100 cases one mosaic case (46,XX/45,X), one Robertsonian translocation (13;14), one marker chromosome and one fragment were found. The foetal tissues were not analysed for chromosomes. In the second series of 50 samples, one case of mosaicism was found in the chorionic villi (46,XX/47,XX, 18q-), but this abnormality was absent in the foetal tissue. One variant inv(9) was observed in the foetal tissue as well as in the chorionic villi. In all other cases the karyotypes from the chorionic villi samples matched those of the corresponding foetal samples. There was no maternal contamination in this series of 50 samples. The discrepancies in the cytogenetic results from other investigators are discussed. PMID- 3219885 TI - Protein synthesis and mitosis. 1. Influence of anti-tubulins on protein synthetic activity in synchronous M-phase and asynchronous populations of HeLa S-3 cells. AB - Asynchronous and synchronous HeLa S-3 suspension cultures treated with colcemid and vinblastine (VLB) resulted, in the former case, in suppression of 3H-leucine incorporation into protein which became increasingly apparent as the percentage of M-phase-arrested cells increased. In the latter case, where no cells were allowed to enter M-phase, no significant inhibition of incorporation occurred. M phase cells were collected by shake-off from asynchronous monolayers, or alternatively monolayers presynchronised 10 h before shake-off, either in the presence or absence of alkaloids. In both cases, alkaloid-treated cultures showed marked inhibition of protein synthesis, while controls were largely unaffected. The results indicate that marked suppression of protein synthesis in alkaloid arrested M-phase population is primarily due to the inability of cells to complete mitosis. Arrested cells showed no increase in size or protein content with time, but began disintegrating approximately 6-7 h after alkaloid treatment. The necessity for cells to traverse M-phase quickly is emphasised, otherwise any transient decline of protein synthesis during M-phase becomes grossly exaggerated. PMID- 3219886 TI - The shape of the duodenal loop. Radiological, physiological and clinical aspects in patients with X-ray negative dyspepsia. AB - The survey is based on nine previously published papers and is divided into three main sections dealing with the relationship between the duodenal loop and the radiological, the physiological and the clinical examinations in patients with X ray negative dyspepsia. In the first section the development of the duodenal loop, the various types of development anomalies and their radiological image are discussed. Furthermore the causes of the extensive variation in the indications of the duodenal anomaly incidence and the duodenal anomalies which have been the basis of the examinations, are discussed. Only severe duodenal anomaly is included in these examinations, namely those demonstrable both in the supine and the erect position, which means developmental anomalies corresponding to the superior and transverse parts of the duodenum. Patients with a normal duodenal shape have been used as controls. Patients with duodenal anomaly had reduced food stimulated gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure, more frequently a positive acid reflux-test and increased food-stimulated serum-gastrin and serum-pancreatic polypeptide secretion. The results of the examinations for duodeno-gastric reflux and gastric emptying varied. Patients with anomalies located at the transverse part of the duodenum had prolonged gastric emptying and an increased tendency to duodeno-gastric reflux, whereas patients with anomalies located at the superior part of the duodenum showed quick gastric emptying and the same frequency of duodeno-gastric reflux as patients with a normal duodenal shape. Furthermore, patients with anomalies located at the transverse part of the duodenum had a significantly higher food-stimulated duodenal contraction frequency compared to patients with anomalies located at the superior part of the duodenum and patients with a normal duodenal shape. On the other hand the three groups had a similar food-stimulated antral contraction frequency. The shape of the duodenal loop was related to dyspeptic symptoms. Food-provocation, symptoms of gastrooesophageal reflux, and irritable bowel were found in patients with duodenal anomalies as well as in patients with a normal duodenal shape. However, the symptoms seemed significantly more frequent in patients with duodenal anomalies. At a 5-year follow-up examination this difference could not be demonstrated except for food provocation, but unchanged or exacerbated dyspeptic inconveniences seemed significantly more frequent in patients with duodenal anomalies. PMID- 3219887 TI - Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy during dipyridamole-induced coronary hyperaemia. First experiences with a new regional washout programme. AB - Eight patients with severe peripheral vascular atherosclerosis scheduled for abdominal aortic surgery were investigated to detect coexisting coronary artery disease. None of the patients had a history of angina pectoris or previous myocardial infarction. Preoperative computerised thallium-201 dipyridamole myocardial scintigraphy was abnormal in all patients, showing either myocardial scar tissue and/or ischaemia with redistribution and/or low washout. In all but one patient, the serum level of creatin kinase was elevated during the first postoperative days. In two patients, the serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were elevated. None of the patients showed clinical or electrocardiographical signs of acute myocardial infarction. Thallium-201 dipyridamole myocardial imaging is a new noninvasive method for detection of ischaemic heart disease in patients with severe peripheral atherosclerosis who are unable to perform a bicycle exercise test. The new programme for determination of regional washout appeared to be very precise and may be especially applicable in the case of low washout values. PMID- 3219888 TI - State of health and its association with death among old people at three-years follow-up. I. Lung function, circulation, sensory and motor apparatus. AB - A general medical examination was performed of 569 Copenhagen inhabitants aged 75, 80, and 85 years in the participants' own homes as part of an epidemiological, sociomedical intervention study. The present report contains the results of this examination regarding lung function, circulation, sensory, and motor apparatus. Curves are presented expressing the normal peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) for men and women 75-85 years old. More men than women had a compromised lung function. Regarding circulation and motor apparatus, more women and 85-year-olds showed impairments. Functional vision and hearing declined with age, but no significant differences could be demonstrated between men and women, although a preponderance of women tended to show hearing disability. Institutionalised participants were more inclined to have impairment of lung function and sight and to walk with difficult. Gait disturbances and impairment of vision were the objective health measurements most strongly related to death at follow-up after three years. PMID- 3219889 TI - State of health and its association with death among old people at three-years follow-up. II. Consumption of medicine subjective and objective general health. AB - Five hundred eighty-five inhabitants of Copenhagen, aged 75, 80, and 85 years, were visited in their homes and asked about consumption of medicine and subjective health; in addition, a general medical examination was carried out by a physician. Taking biological aging into consideration, 34.8% of the participants were found to be of normal health. The 75 year-old men differed from the other age groups and the women by having a better subjective and objective health. A total of 74.5% of the participants claimed to be in good health. After three years and again after five years, mortality was found to be most strongly related to the number of admissions to hospital and institutionalisation. Poor subjective health was more strongly related to mortality than poor objective health, particularly after five years. Of the participants, 74.2% consumed medicine regularly. The largest intake of drugs was found among women, the oldest participants, those living in institutions, and those living alone. PMID- 3219890 TI - [Results of the treatment of congenital dysplasia of the hip joint by Pavlik's harness]. PMID- 3219891 TI - [Treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint by over-head traction]. PMID- 3219892 TI - [Trophic disorders of the femur head in non-surgical treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint]. PMID- 3219893 TI - [Limits of non-surgical treatment and the indications for the surgical treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint]. PMID- 3219895 TI - [Development of the acetabulum after early open reposition of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 3219894 TI - [Repositio simplex in the surgical treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint]. PMID- 3219896 TI - [Torsion-valgus corrective osteotomy of the proximal end of the femur in the surgical treatment of congenital dysplasia of the hip joint]. PMID- 3219897 TI - [Salter's pelvic osteotomy in the surgical treatment of congenital dysplasia of the hip joint]. PMID- 3219898 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of congenital dysplasia of the hip joint by Salter's pelvic osteotomy]. PMID- 3219899 TI - [Errors and complications in the surgical treatment of 761 dysplastic hip joints by the Salter method]. PMID- 3219900 TI - [Evaluation of the results of the treatment of congenital hip dislocation by open reposition and torsion-valgus corrective osteotomy]. PMID- 3219901 TI - [Early treatment of congenital dysplasia of the hip joint]. PMID- 3219902 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the placenta in post-term pregnancy]. PMID- 3219903 TI - [Planned delivery in 404 pregnancies over 41 weeks]. PMID- 3219904 TI - [Significance of determining placental function in post-term pregnancy]. PMID- 3219905 TI - [Uterine spiral arteries in the maternal placental bed in cases of fetal growth retardation]. PMID- 3219906 TI - [Acute gonococcal infection of the female genital organs: a report of 7 cases]. PMID- 3219907 TI - [Cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection among 1,000 out-patients]. PMID- 3219908 TI - [Hepatic metastasis of choriocarcinoma]. PMID- 3219909 TI - [Correlation of tensile strength and expulsion of single metal ring IUDs]. PMID- 3219910 TI - [Cytogenetic effect of the once-a-month pill]. PMID- 3219911 TI - Reproducible compartmentalization of individual chromosome domains in human CNS cells revealed by in situ hybridization and three-dimensional reconstruction. AB - Specific chromosome domains in interphase nuclei of neurons and glia were studied by three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of serial optical sections from in situ hybridized human CNS tissue. Overall patterns of centromere organization, delineated with alphoid repeats, were comparable to those seen in mouse, and are clearly conserved in mammalian evolution. Cloned probes from other individual chromosome domains were used to define interphase organization more precisely. Homologous chromosomes were spatially separated in nuclei. In large neurons, probes specific for 9q12, or 1q12 showed that at least one homolog was always compartmentalized together with centromeres on the nucleolus, while the second signal either abutted the nucleolus or was on the nuclear membrane. A telomeric Yq12 sequence also localized together with perinucleolar centromeres in a completely non-Rabl orientation. In astrocytes, these three chromosome regions were on the membrane and not necessarily associated with nucleoli. Therefore there are different patterns of interphase chromosome organization in functionally distinct cell types. In contrast to the above domains, a 1p36.3 telomeric sequence embedded in a large Alu-rich and early replicating chromosome region, was always found in an interior euchromatic nuclear compartment in both neurons and glial cells. In double hybridizations with 1q12 and 1p36.3 probes, 1p arms were clearly separated in all cells, and arms projected radially into the interior nucleoplasm with non-Rabl orientations. There was no absolute or rigid position for each 1p arm with respect to each other or to the major dendrite, indicating that individual chromosome arms may be dynamically positioned even in highly differentiated cell types. We suggest that centromeric and other highly repeated non-transcribed sequence domains may act as general organizing centers for cell type specific interphase patterns that are conserved in mammalian evolution. Such centers would allow selected groups of chromosome arms to extend into (and contract from) an interior, presumably transcriptionally active, nuclear compartment. PMID- 3219913 TI - Molecular analysis of the karyotype of Ustilago maydis. AB - A molecular karyotype of the corn smut-inducing fungus Ustilago maydis was prepared using orthogonalfield-alternation gel electrophoresis (OFAGE). At least 20 chromosome-sized DNAs ranging from approximately 300 kb to the maximum limit of resolution of this system were identified in haploid cells of a widely used strain. Although general features of the banding pattern of chromosome-sized DNAs were conserved between strains, no two strains had identical karyotypes, indicating that considerable chromosome length polymorphism exists in this species. This polymorphism was seen in both laboratory strains as well as more recent isolates from nature. Length variation in apparently identical chromosomes was usually small, but was occasionally significant. In one strain Southern DNA hybridization analysis suggested the occurrence of a stable large-scale, inter chromosomal exchange which had given rise to two novel chromosomes. PMID- 3219914 TI - Ribosomal RNA expression in a mammalian hybrid, the hinny. AB - The expression of nucleolus organizer region (NOR) activity in diploid cells was investigated in a model mammalian hybrid system, the hinny (female ass x male horse), by sequential Ag-NOR and chromomycin A3/distamycin A/DAPI (CDD) staining ion lectin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the majority of cases we found non-expression of the horse-derived NOR chromosomes in the hinny. However, in one case there was strong NOR expression on horse-derived chromosome no. 1. PMID- 3219915 TI - The phylogeny of human chromosome specific alpha satellites. AB - The chromosomal distribution of sequences homologous to 18 coned alpha satellite fragments was established by in situ hybridization. It appeared that all the cloned sequences were members of small repeated families located on single chromosome pairs. Among the sequences studied specific molecular markers for chromosomes 3, 4, 10, 11, 17, 18 and X were found. Comparison of the hybridization spectra obtained under non-stringent conditions and of restriction site periodicities in different chromosome-specific families allowed the identification of three "suprachromosomal" families, each located on a characteristic set of chromosomes. The three families together cover all the autosomes and the X chromosome. These data plus those reported previously allow part of the phylogenetic tree of chromosome-specific alpha satellite repeats to be drawn. Each suprachromosomal family has presumably originated from a distinct ancestral sequence and consists of certain types of monomers. Ancestral sequences have evolved into a number of chromosome-specific families by cycles of interchromosomal transfers and subsequent amplification events. The high homogeneity of chromosome-specific families may be a result of intrachromosomal homogenization of amplification units in chromosome-specific alpha satellite domains. PMID- 3219912 TI - DNA cloning and amino acid sequence determination of a major constituent protein of mammalian nucleoli. Correspondence of the nucleoplasmin-related protein NO38 to mammalian protein B23. AB - Using a cDNA probe encoding the nucleolar protein NO38 of Xenopus laevis, we have isolated clones that code for the corresponding mammalian protein from cDNA libraries of mouse embryonal carcinoma and fetal liver cells. The murine cDNA derived amino acid sequence defines a polypeptide of 292 amino acids (including the initial methionine) of a total molecular weight of 32,560 and identifies a single approximately 1.5 kb mRNA on Northern blot hybridization. This polypeptide, which is highly homologous to the Xenopus protein NO38, displays an organization in three major domains: (1) an aminoterminal portion of 119 amino acids, which shows a striking homology to nucleoplasmin of Xenopus; (2) a central portion of 68 amino acids that contains two extended acidic domains, a shorter of 13 residues and a longer of 29 residues, separated by an interval enriched in positively charged amino acids; (3) a carboxyterminal portion of 105 amino acids, which is almost identical to the reported partial amino acid sequence of human and rat nucleolar protein termed B23. The sequence comparisons show that the murine protein is the mammalian counterpart to the nucleolar protein NO38 of Xenopus and is compatible with the idea that both proteins NO38 represent the amphibian and murine equivalents to the human and rat nucleolar phosphoprotein B23. Special sequence features and predicted conformations of this protein are discussed in relation to the specific localization and the possible functions of this major nucleolar protein. PMID- 3219916 TI - Analysis of the replication mode of double minutes using the PCC technique combined with BrdUrd labeling. AB - A cultured line of neuroblastoma cells (NB) was found to contain double minute chromosomes (DMs) DMs have been reported to be acentric and, therefore, to be segregated randomly into daughter cells without separating their sister elements. When NB cells were fused with Chinese hamster metaphase cells, prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCCs) were induced. DMs seen together with G2 PCCs appeared to be closely paired, dot-like structures resembling DMs observable in metaphase cells. In contrast, DMs in G1 cells showed a tendency to become single as the stage progressed so that the majority of DMs in late G1 cells were actually no longer double. DMs in S-phase cells, however, again appeared double. These results clearly indicate why DMs are invariably double and never assume a quadruple configuration in metaphase cells in spite of their non-disjunctional segregation at anaphase. Such a characteristic mode of DM replication was further confirmed by a 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labeling experiment: when NB cells were exposed to BrdUrd for two successive rounds of DNA replication prior to PCC induction, half of the resulting single G1 minutes as well as G1 PCCs stained dark and the other half stained light after staining for sister chromatid differentiation. PMID- 3219917 TI - Heterochromatic DNA in Triturus (Amphibia, Urodela) II. A centromeric satellite DNA. AB - The MspI family of highly repeated sequences is a centromeric satellite DNA representing about 1% of the genome of the Italian smooth newt, Triturus vulgaris meridionalis. We have studied the structure, genomic organization, chromosomal localization and conservation across species of this family. MspI sequences are around 197 bp long, as shown by sequencing of three cloned units. The family is organized in large clusters of tandemly arrayed units, present at almost all the centromeres of T.v. meridionalis, and is well conserved in the T.v. vulgaris subspecies. Conserved MspI sequences are also present in the related species T. helveticus, where they appear to be clustered at the centromeres of only a few chromosomes. MspI sequences are not found in other Triturus species analysed. The correlation of these sequences with the overall distribution pattern of heterochromatin and the extent of their conservation within the genus Triturus, are discussed. PMID- 3219919 TI - Pattern and frequency of nondisjunction in oocytes from the Djungarian hamster are determined by the stage of first meiotic spindle inhibition. AB - In order to study the mechanisms of nondisjunction at meiosis I in oocytes gonadotropin-stimulated Djungarian hamsters were treated at two stages [4.5 and 6 h post human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)] during the preovulatory period with 1000 mg/kg Carbendazim (MBC). The compound, known to bind fast but reversibly to mammalian tubulin, was chosen to investigate whether the stage at which spindle function is inhibited affects the pattern of nondisjunction. Ovulated oocytes were cytologically prepared and scored for hyperhaploidy, diploidy and presegregation. Application at an early spindle phase, 4.5 h post HCG, to females stimulated with a low gonadotropin dose [3 IU pregnant mares serum (PMS); 2 IU HCG] caused a high frequency of nondisjunction (40.6%) with a more or less nonspecific pattern of malsegregated bivalents. Treatment at a late stage of spindle function (6 h post HCG) resulted in a less frequent (22.5%) but highly preferential malsegregation of those A-D group bivalents thought earlier to be late segregators. On the other hand, oocytes from females primed with a high (10 IU PMS and HCG) gonadotropin dose, a treatment assumed to delay meiosis by approximately 1.5 h, responded to MBC treatment at the late stage (6 h) with a nonspecific pattern and a high frequency (71.2%) of nondisjunction. The latter result is comparable to that in which MBC was given at the early stage (4.5 h) and after a low gonadotropin dose. The high nondisjunction response additionally indicates that spindles in hypergonadotropic stimulated oocytes are more susceptible and/or that the concentration of the inhibitor is higher in such oocytes. Only few oocytes with presegregation (3.1%; 0.0%; 1.7%) and few diploid oocytes (3.3%; 1.5%; 3.2%) with complete inhibition of meiosis I were observed. We conclude, that in Djungarian hamsters (1) the segregation of bivalents at meiosis I is asynchronous with the large A-D bivalents segregating last, (2) the phase in which spindle function is inhibited determines the pattern of nondisjunction, and (3) the resumption of meiosis I - from dictyotene to metaphase II - does not follow a rigidly timed programme but depends on the conditions of follicular maturation. PMID- 3219920 TI - Developmental changes in midgut chromosomes of Drosophila gibberosa. AB - In Drosophila gibberosa, differences between midgut and salivary gland chromosomes fall into two categories: tissue-specific band modulations which persist throughout the 90 h developmental period that we studied and tissue specific puffs. Puffs that are common to both tissues tend to appear earlier in the midgut. Some major early ecdysteroid-induced puffs appear simultaneously in both tissues at the end of the third larval instar; however, the many late puffs that follow in the salivary glands are absent from the midgut. Intense puff activity in the early third larval instar midgut declines at the time of the hormonal pulse that initiates intense gene and secretory activity in salivary glands; the sloughing of midgut cells ensues. PMID- 3219918 TI - Resolution of Acanthamoeba castellanii chromosomes by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and construction of the initial linkage map. AB - Pulsed field gel electrophoresis has been used to resolve chromosome-sized DNA molecules in fungi and parasites but has not yet been used successfully to examine the chromosomes of other lower eukaryotes used extensively for biochemical research such as Acanthamoeba, Physarum, and Dictyostelium. Here we show an electrophoretic karyotype of the protozoan Acanthamoeba castellanii using orthogonal field alternating gel electrophoresis (OFAGE). There are about 20 small chromosomes ranging in size from 220 kb to greater than 2 Mb. We have assembled initial linkage groups assigning all of the cloned Acanthamoeba genes to chromosome-sized DNA molecules. Actin, suggested to have three or more non allelic genes, maps to at least eight distinct chromosome bands. Two myosin II genes localize to two different chromosomal bands while myosin IB and 18S rRNA map to unresolved larger chromosomes. PMID- 3219922 TI - [A preliminary radiologic observation on the mechanism of esophageal speech]. PMID- 3219921 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging in aortic diseases, preliminary experience of 10 cases]. PMID- 3219923 TI - [Primary pontine hemorrhage--clinical and CT analysis (report of 19 cases)]. PMID- 3219924 TI - [Atypical computed tomographic features of intracranial meningioma (analysis of 20 cases)]. PMID- 3219925 TI - [CT diagnosis of small cerebral abscess]. PMID- 3219926 TI - [Plain film features of fungus infection of the maxillary sinus (an analysis of 91 cases)]. PMID- 3219927 TI - [CT diagnosis of soft-tissue tumors of the extremities, buttock and chest wall]. PMID- 3219928 TI - [Clinical significance of the detection of urinary albumin in diabetic patients]. PMID- 3219929 TI - [Preliminary results of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus treated with glipizide]. PMID- 3219930 TI - [Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate changes and the effect of phosphate supplement in diabetics]. PMID- 3219931 TI - [Changes in plasma and urinary tryptophan in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 3219932 TI - [A follow-up study of surgically treated 66 cases of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3219933 TI - [Campylobacter pylori in chronic gastritis and the therapeutic efficacy of colloidal bismuthate]. PMID- 3219935 TI - [Campylobacter pylori in asymptomatic volunteers]. PMID- 3219934 TI - [Antibiotics in the treatment of intractable duodenal ulcer disease complicated by Campylobacter pylori infection]. PMID- 3219936 TI - [Portal hypertensive gastric mucosa: an endoscopic study]. PMID- 3219937 TI - [The role of liver, spleen and/or gastrointestinal immunization on the pathogenesis of mesangial IgA deposits]. PMID- 3219938 TI - [Preventive effect of mioflazine on myocardial calcium-overload during postischemic reperfusion in the rabbit heart]. PMID- 3219939 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis and its special clinical manifestations: an analysis of 141 cases]. PMID- 3219940 TI - [Cat and dog hair allergen bronchial provocation test and prickle test in patients with allergic asthma]. PMID- 3219941 TI - [Clinical significance of propranolol therapy in patients with Graves' disease]. PMID- 3219943 TI - [Preliminary study on praziquantel in the treatment of Echinochasmus perforliatus and Metagonimus yokogawai infections]. PMID- 3219942 TI - [Detecting Paragonimus skrjabini circulating antigen using a direct method of AST ELISA]. PMID- 3219944 TI - [Cysticercosis of the central nervous system--a clinical study of 1,400 cases]. PMID- 3219945 TI - [The state and clinical significance of immunoglobulin A antibody against hepatitis B core antigen in 70 cases of chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 3219946 TI - [Treatment of cirrhotic ascites]. PMID- 3219947 TI - [Superiority of defibrinase over heparin in the treatment of acute attacks of cor pulmonale. A comparative study]. PMID- 3219948 TI - [Clinical significance of the detection of microquantitative urinary protein in diabetics]. PMID- 3219949 TI - [Immunologic classification of lymphocytic leukemia and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3219950 TI - [Percutaneous balloon catheter mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 3219951 TI - [Analysis of 20 cases of coronary spasm: correlation of clinical manifestations and angiography]. PMID- 3219952 TI - [Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis: a clinico-pathologic study]. PMID- 3219953 TI - [Effect of the leech on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TXB2, total cholesterol and triglycerides in experimental hyperlipemic rabbits]. PMID- 3219954 TI - [Morphologic study of dyshematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)]. PMID- 3219955 TI - [Efficacy of glucocorticoid on the early stage of severe viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3219956 TI - [Plasma apolipoprotein A1 and diabetic angiopathy]. PMID- 3219957 TI - [Computerized tomography in tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 3219959 TI - [Using serial regression to fit the exponential curve]. PMID- 3219960 TI - [Morphological studies on the lung of the rat exposed to aluminium dust]. PMID- 3219958 TI - [Multivariate analysis in the causes of liver cancer]. PMID- 3219961 TI - [Study on the application of the "Guide for the evaluation of human exposures to whole body vibration" to Chinese workers]. PMID- 3219962 TI - [Protective effects of selenium, zinc and copper on lung cancer]. PMID- 3219963 TI - [A report on a disease caused by corn baked by coal mixed with kaolin]. PMID- 3219964 TI - [Relationship between eating cotton-seed oil and blood potassium levels]. PMID- 3219965 TI - [Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on cochlear impairment due to noise in the guinea pig]. PMID- 3219966 TI - Depression in adults with diabetes. Results of 5-yr follow-up study. AB - Little is known about the course of affective illnesses in patients with diabetes or in other physically ill patients. We report a follow-up study of 37 diabetic adults with major depression (according to DSM-III), 28 (76%) of whom were located and reinterviewed 5 yr after the index evaluations. At follow-up, 18 (64%) of the 28 depressed patients had experienced an episode of major depression within the previous 12 mo; 12 of these patients satisfied diagnostic criteria for depression at the time of reevaluation. The 18 patients with recurrent depression had a mean of 4.2 depressive episodes over the 5-yr period. An additional 4 patients met criteria for current dysthymic disorder, bringing the number to 22 (79%) of the total patients ill with affective disorder during the 5-yr follow-up period. In contrast, the likelihood of symptomatic affective disorder was only 10% over the same follow-up period in a comparison group of diabetic subjects without depression at the index evaluation (P less than .001). Occurrence of depressive episodes appeared independent of diabetes complications because both the depressed and comparison groups had similar rates of neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. These data suggest that the natural course of depression in diabetes is malevolent, possibly more so than depression in the medically well. PMID- 3219967 TI - New approach to technical and clinical evaluation of devices for self-monitoring of blood glucose. AB - Despite the wide distribution of devices for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), there is no internationally accepted agreement on a standardized procedure for their evaluation. This is due to incomplete or even inappropriate technical evaluation and to inadequate evaluation criteria for their clinical acceptability. To provide adequate information on the performance of these devices over the whole clinically relevant range for SMBG (30-350 mg/dl), a standardized test procedure has been established for technical (accuracy, precision, and total deviation) and clinical (acceptance analysis) evaluation. To demonstrate the potency of this new approach, the following SMBG devices and test strips were evaluated: Chemstrip bG batch (n = 10), Glucostix batch (n = 2), Accu Check II (n = 5), Diascan (n = 5), Diascan strip batch (n = 4), Glucocheck SC (n = 4), and Glucometer II (n = 4). The devices and test strips were examined by trained technicians, and in addition, 1 Chemstrip bG batch and 2 Accu-Check II meters were examined by 10 and 5 trained diabetic patients, respectively. Even the best-performing device did not achieve the American Diabetes Association's goal that SMBG measurements should be within 15% of the reference value. Instead, the maximal total deviation within the clinically relevant blood glucose range reached values that equalled deviations from the reference value between 16 and 108%. Three of 36 devices were classified as good, 29 as acceptable, and 4 as unacceptable for clinical use. In conclusion, this new approach to the technical and clinical evaluation of devices for SMBG is easy to perform and provides more realistic and comparable information for clinical use and approval than commonly used methods. PMID- 3219968 TI - Metabolic and cutaneous events associated with hypoglycemia detected by sleep sentry. AB - Eighteen insulin-dependent diabetic subjects [age (mean +/- SD) 33.2 +/- 10.6 yr] participated in a study designed to determine the metabolic and cutaneous parameters associated with activation of the nocturnal hypoglycemia monitor Sleep Sentry. Plasma glucose, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations were determined every 10 min during a 2-h constant intravenous insulin infusion (40 mU.kg-1.h-1). In addition, skin temperature and electrical conductance were monitored at the same time intervals, and subjects were asked to rate the degree to which they felt cold and/or sweaty. Ten of the subjects (alarmers) activated the device with a mean plasma glucose nadir of 52.8 +/- 13.8 mg/dl, whereas eight (nonalarmers) failed to do so despite a mean plasma glucose nadir of 50.5 +/- 8.2 mg/dl. There were no significant differences between alarmers and nonalarmers with respect to initial or nadir plasma glucose levels, rate of fall of plasma glucose, or changes in plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, or pancreatic polypeptide concentrations. In addition, changes in skin temperature and conductance were similar in both groups as were descriptive variables including age, disease duration, gender, and level of glucose control. No subject reported an increase in coldness, whereas 80% of both groups reported an increase in sweatiness. Three subjects studied on more than one occasion over a year failed to exhibit consistent activation of the alarm. This study suggests that it may not be possible to identify patients for whom the Sleep Sentry would be a reliable addition to their self-management regimen and that physicians should exercise caution in recommending its use. PMID- 3219969 TI - Relationship of nocturnal hypoglycemia to daytime glycemia in IDDM. AB - In view of the continuing debate about the clinical relevance of nocturnal hypoglycemia as an explanation for high blood glucose (BG) levels before breakfast, we prospectively analyzed 281 overnight BG profiles (blood samples obtained at 2100, 0200-0300, and 0700) in 66 consecutive patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Nocturnal hypoglycemia (0200-0300 BG concentration less than or equal to 50 mg/dl) occurred in 27 patients (41%) and in 36 profiles (13%). All the patients with nocturnal hypoglycemia received two or more injections of insulin each day. When hypoglycemia occurred at 0200-0300, the preceding BG concentration at 2100 was significantly lower than when nocturnal BG was greater than 100 mg/dl (108 +/- 11 vs. 145 +/- 12 mg/dl; P less than .05; mean +/- SE). A BG less than or equal to 120 mg/dl at 2100 preceded nocturnal hypoglycemia in 24 (67%) of 36 profiles. The mean BG at 0700 was significantly lower in the profiles associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia than in those with nocturnal BG levels greater than 150 mg/dl (156 +/- 10 vs. 201 +/- 11 mg/dl; P less than .05). BG values greater than 180 mg/dl at 0700 were infrequently (11 of 143 or 8% of profiles) preceded by nocturnal hypoglycemia, and no instances of major hyperglycemia (BG greater than 300 mg/dl) at 0700 were preceded by nocturnal hypoglycemia. Furthermore, BG at 0700, 1100, and 1500 on the day before the occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia were similar to those on the day after.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219970 TI - Glycemic effects of beer in IDDM patients. Studies with constant insulin delivery. PMID- 3219971 TI - Validity of serum fructosamine as index of short-term glycemic control in diabetic outpatients. PMID- 3219972 TI - Endocrinology. An endangered species. PMID- 3219973 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobin measurement and sample collection paper. PMID- 3219974 TI - [Secondary prevention of esophageal cancer--intervention on precancerous lesions of the esophagus]. AB - In 1983, intervention of precancerous lesion of esophagus was undertaken in the high risk area of esophageal cancer, Heshun Village, Linxian County. It had been expected that cancerous degeneration rate of esophageal dysplasia should be reduced by 50% so as the prevention of esophageal cancer could become possible. 6758 subjects of the general population aging from 40 to 65 were examined by esophageal exfoliative cytology, 1729 had marked dysplasia and 2411 had mild dysplasia of esophageal epithelium. Those with marked dysplasia were randomized into 3 groups to take their respective medication: antitumor B (Chinese herbs); retinamide (4-Ethoxycarbophenylretinamide) and placebo. The subjects with mild dysplasia were divided randomly into 2 groups for treatment by riboflavin and placebo. 95% of the subjects had taken 90% or more of the total medication for 3 years, at the end of which they were reexamined by esophageal exfoliative cytology. The reexamination rate was 94.1%. The incidence of esophageal cancer in the antitumor B group (3.9%) was reduced by 53% as compared with that of the placebo group (8.3%). This difference had statistical significant (means 2 = 7.672, P less than 0.05). The incidence of esophageal cancer in retinamide and riboflavin groups were reduced by 33.7% and 19% as compared with those of the control groups. The regression rate of dysplasia in the treatment groups were increased than that of the control groups. The above results showed that our hypothesis about the secondary prevention of esophageal cancer is correct. The intervention of precancerous lesion of the esophagus is effective in the prevention of esophageal cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3219975 TI - [Amplification and rearrangement of proto-oncogene c-abl in human leukemia cells]. AB - DNA of peripheral blood or bone marrow leukocytes from 8 normal subjects, 7 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 2 of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and 1 of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), having been digested by endonuclease Eco RI or Pst I separately, was hybridized with the probes of 3' fragment (Pst I/Hind III) or 5' fragment (Hinc II/Pst I) of Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) oncogene v-abl. The proto-oncogene c-abl, which is homologous to v-abl, was found amplified in 4 ALL, 1 CML and 1 AML. In one of these 4 ALL, c-abl was amplified even over 100 times. A new c-abl BamH I fragment with 6.7 kilobase pairs (kb) in length was observed in 2 ALL and 1 CML out of these 6 cases with amplification, but none of this fragment was found in the normal subjects or other leukemia patients. These 3 patients with the presence of 6.7 kb fragment were high risk ones and 2 of them had died, suggesting that 6.7 kb fragment be the index of poor prognosis. The amplification and rearrangement of c-abl imply the activation of proto-oncogene in leukemogenesis. PMID- 3219976 TI - [Secretory carcinoma of the breast as a separate entity--histological, histochemical and ultrastructural study]. AB - A rare case of secretory carcinoma of the breast in a 50 year old woman is presented. The tumor, 1.4 cm in diameter, was located in subareola of the left breast. Microscopically, the majority of the tumor cells were arranged in sheets or large clusters, which were separated by fibrous septa, and a few of the tumor cells in ductal pattern. Most of the tumor cells contained a single large cyst like space, some of which even occupied the entire cytoplasm. In these tumor cell clusters, gland-like spaces lined by cuboidal cells were also present. Within intracellular and intercellular spaces there was abundant secretory material, which consisted mostly of sulfomucins and less sialomucins as proved by histochemical stain. Electron microscopic examination showed numerous intracellular and extracellular lumina filled with moderate electron-dense granular material as well as high electron-dense spherical bodies. There were microvilli projecting on the surface. Some tumor cells contained large number of membrane-bound secretory vacuoles with small spherical bodies. The tumor cells were attached to each other by desmosomes and junction complexes. PMID- 3219977 TI - [Effect of Na2SeO3 on the damages of genetic materials induced by MNNG in children's foreskin fibroblasts in vitro]. AB - In order to study the effect of selenium on anticarcinogenesis, micronuclei (MN) and chromosome aberrations (CA) were used as the indexes to reflect the damages on the genetic materials induced by MNNG in children's foreskin fibroblasts in vitro. In the MN test, the final concentrations of Na2SeO3 were 10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-5) and 10(-4) M and MNNG, 10(-5)M. In the CA test, Na2SeO3 were used in 10( 7), 10(-6) and 10(-5)M and MNNG, 10(-6)M as the final concentrations. Relative to the time of MNNG treatment, the cells were exposed to Na2SeO3 4 hours before and at the same time as with the carcinogen. The results showed that the MN% (number of cells out of one thousand MN) was reduced from 4.31 +/- 0.91% to 1.55 +/- 0.54% and 1.54 +/- 0.54% (P less than 0.05), respectively. The CA% (the percentage of the cell with CA) was reduced from 86 +/- 7% to 34 +/- 9% and 33 +/ 9% (P less than 0.05), respectively. However there was no like results when the cells were treated with Na2SeO3 and MNNG simultaneously. Na2SeO3 had no significant protective effects on the cells when the concentration was 10(-7)M. If the dose was 10(-4)M or more, Na2SeO3 became toxic to the cells. The results suggested that the protection of Na2SeO3 on the damages of genetic materials induced by MNNG be time and dose dependent. PMID- 3219978 TI - [In vitro synthesis of SIgA and CEA and their relationship in gastric cancer tissue]. AB - The in vitro synthesis of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was observed by tissue culture of biopsied gastric cancer tissue and gastric mucosa in other gastric diseases. The level of SIgA Synthesis in cultured gastric cancer tissue was lower than that in gastric mucosa in chronic atrophic gastritis, chronic superficial gastritis and normal stomach. The gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis can produce more SIgA than the normal gastric tissue, but the difference between chronic atrophic gastritis and chronic superficial gastritis was of no statistical significance. The CEA level was significantly higher in cancerous tissue than that in noncancerous ones, the amount of CEA synthesis by gastric mucosa in chronic atrophic gastritis was higher than that in chronic superficial gastritis and normal stomach. Well differentiated adenocarcinoma secreted much more SIgA and CEA than the poor-differentiated ones. The results suggest that the estimation of secretory function of SIgA and CEA be helpful for clinical diagnosis of gastric cancer. PMID- 3219979 TI - [Flow cytometry (FCM) in DNA content assay of normal and malignant epithelial cells of human uterine cervix and the prognostic significance of DNA content--II. Results]. AB - Previous studies on cervical cancer using microspectrophotometric technique to measure DNA content of the cancer cells had indicated that the tumor ploidy is an important prognostic variable and that tumors with a DNA index less than 1.55 have a worse prognosis than those with higher DNA index. But there are conflicting results in the other studies using flow cytometer. In this paper, a retrospective analysis on the tumor ploidy of paraffin-embedded tissues using flow cytometer before treatment in 88 patients with cervical cancer was carried out. The results indicate that tumors with a DNA index over 1.5 have a higher recurrence rate and lower survival rate in stage I patients as compared with tumors having a lower DNA index (P less than 0.05). No correlation is found between clinical stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histopathology and DNA index. However, prognosis is related to many factors, such as tumor differentiation, treatment modality etc., a multiple regression analysis of the different prognostic variables and further studies in this aspect are necessary. PMID- 3219980 TI - [Digital noninvasive microwave thermography in the diagnosis of breast disease]. AB - Thermography is a noninvasive technic of examination. Liquid-Crystal Thermography and Infrared Thermography have provided great help in the general survey of breast diseases during the past twenty years but not without some limitations. Recently, by applying the microwave technic clinically, progress has been made to measure minute temperature changes in the deeper tissues. Differential diagnosis of breast disease is possible by statistical calculating the temperature difference of the two breasts. A prospective study was done in 96 women who had both X ray mammography and digital noninvasive microwave thermography. 70/96 were proved by pathology. In this group of patients, the accuracy rate was 70.00% for digital microwave thermography, 81.82% for X ray mammography and 95.50% for the two combined. The false positive rates and false negative rates, advantages, disadvantages and the for general survey of breast disease of the digital microwave thermography discussed. PMID- 3219981 TI - [Pathological analysis of 1458 cases of tumor in the sella turcica region]. AB - The sella turcica region is an anatomical site preferential for various types of intracranial tumors. Pathological analysis of 1458 cases of tumor in this region is presented. They comprised 20.16% of the intracranial tumors. Among them, 846(59.1%) were pituitary adenomas, 433(29.7%) craniopharyngiomas, 91(6.2%) meningiomas and 42(2.9%) germinomas. In pituitary adenomas, chromophobe adenoma was predominant, mixed cell adenoma next and no basophilic adenoma was observed. Of craniopharyngiomas they were divided into cystic, partly solid and cystic, and calcified types grossly and histologically into adamantinomatous, squamous and calcified types. In this kind of tumor, well differentiated cells were consistent to the clinical benign course. For meningiomas, histologically meningotheliomatous type was most common in this region. In previous reports, germinomas in the sella turcica region were so-called ectopic pinealoma. Now it is well known that this tumor arises from germ cells, hence, the synonym "ectopic pinealoma" is obsolete. The germinomas in the sella turcica region accounted for 44.68% of all intracranial germinomas. Microscopic picture of this tumor was similar to those of seminoma of the testicle and dysgerminoma of the ovary. Although gliomas, teratomas, giant cell tumors and chondromas were uncommon in the sella turcica region, the authors believe that they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors in the sella turcica region. PMID- 3219982 TI - [Pathologic study and prognostic factors in 28 patients with ovarian immature teratoma]. AB - 28 patients with ovarian immature teratoma were studied pathologically. Neoplasms with other germ cell elements were excluded. The ages ranged from 11 to 38. 71% were women under 25 years. Each primary tumor and metastatic lesion was graded histologically according to the criteria of Norris. Of these 28 cases, 11 were grade I; 11 grade II; and 6 grade III. The study showed that the stage of primary tumor is closely related to the prognosis. The likelihood of recurrence and metastasis could be determined by the grade of the primary tumor. The recurrence rate of grade I, II, and III were 0%, 44% and 100%, respectively. It also showed that the addition of hysterectomy and contralateral adnexectomy for grades II and III lesions did not improve the survival. One patient had been operated for 3 times to remove recurrences in the abdominal cavity and liver in a period of 25 months. The first and second recurrent tumors were grade III, but the third one was grade II showing that the immature teratoma tends to mature, but this conversion needs time. The authors support the opinion that repeated operations to remove the recurrences may improve the survival. PMID- 3219983 TI - [Radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma--analysis of 1379 patients]. AB - This paper presents 1379 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated in our hospital from March 1958 to December 1978. The stage I and II lesions comprised 22% and stage III and IV lesions, 78%. 220 KV X-ray was used before 1960 and 60Co was predominant from 1961 through 1978. The overall 5 year survival rate was 41.4% (571/1379). Young adults and female patients gave better results. The 5 year survival rate was, according to pathological type, 45.1% for poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and 13% for adenocarcinoma; according to clinical stage, 85.7% for stage I lesion, 59.5% for stage II, 45.8% and 29.2% for stages III and IV; according to period of treatment, 31.3% in the sixties and 48.6% in the seventies; according to tumor dose at the primary focus, 48.2% for 40-49 Gy, 55.6% for 60-69 Gy and 67.3% for 90 Gy or more; according to with or without prophylactic radiation in the neck region, 53.8% for the former and 23% for the latter. It implies that prophylactic radiation of the neck is necessary regardless of the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis or not. For those who had residual tumor at 70 Gy, the total dose may be boosted to more than 90 Gy with the cone down technic or the dose, at which the primary lesion disappears grossly, is added with 20 Gy. The common complications are radiation myelitis, trismus and otitis media. As in certain patients, the lesion would still recur 5 years after radiotherapy, the authors believe that the nasopharyngeal cancer patients should be followed for ten years at least. PMID- 3219985 TI - [New technique of esophagogastrostomy--improved intraluminal elastic circular ligation]. AB - 199 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus or gastric cardia treated by resection and intraluminal elastic circular ligation from January 1981 to July 1986 are reported. The management of these cases is divided into three periods for convenience in analysis: period of early practice 17 cases; period of technical and instrumental refinement 117 and period of standardization 65. No anastomotic leakage was found in 65 patients during the third period, indicating that the intraluminal elastic circular ligation is practical and advisable. In addition, this ligation, basing on successful animal experiments, is simpler and more rapid as compared with the manual method. Fundamental principles of this method are discussed. At present, the supporting tube needs further improvement. PMID- 3219984 TI - [Route and preparation of 5-Fu administration as preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer. II. Morphologic, ultrastructural and histochemical changes of the cancer cells after intrarectal and intravenous 5-Fu administration]. AB - From March 1981 to October 1985, 5-Fu was preoperatively given to 65 Dukes B and C rectal cancer patients (intrarectal suppository 40 and emulsion 20, intravenous 5). The results indicated that after intrarectal administration, marked changes and destruction of the cancer cells in morphology were observed in 40% of the resected rectal specimens for suppository and in 45% for emulsion; marked retrograde degeneration in ultrastructure was found in 47.5% for suppository and in 50% for emulsion; DNA synthesis was obviously reduced in 63% for suppository and in 75% for emulsion. It is suggested that the emulsion be a better preparation. No obvious changes or destruction in morphology and ultrastructure were observed in cancer cells treated by intravenous drip of high dose 5-Fu though leukopenia below 4000 was found in 2/5. However, it was 0/60 by rectal administration. This implies that the intrarectal route is more rational than the conventional intravenous route. This study presents an alternate supplementary treatment in addition to radiotherapy for the reduction of postoperative local recurrence of Dukes B and C rectal cancers. PMID- 3219986 TI - [Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis from carcinoma of the uterine cervix after radiotherapy--analysis of 219 patients]. AB - From Mar. 1958 to Dec. 1985, 13547 patients with cervical cancer in stages I-III were treated by radiotherapy in our hospital. Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis developed in 219 (1.62%), 83.1% on the left, 7.7% on the right and 9.13% bilateral. 61.2% of the metastasis occurred within 2 years and 86.75% within 5 years after radiotherapy. The majority of these patients (88.3%, 191/215), except 4 who are still being followed, had died within 1.5 years of metastasis with a mean survival of 9.3 months. If radiotherapy in adequate dose is given to the supraclavicular metastatic area, the mean survival can be prolonged for 3.7 months. The prognosis is very poor for these patients no matter what the clinical stage is or when the metastasis develops. The more advanced clinical stage, the higher metastasis rate (P less than 0.001). In this series, 47/219 (21.5%) were found to have concurrent metastasis to the other organs. PMID- 3219987 TI - [En-bloc resection with immediate reconstruction of malignant tumor of the humerus--report of 9 patients]. AB - From March 1966 to June 1985, 9 patients with humerus malignant tumor were treated by en-bloc resection and immediate reconstruction. There were 5 males and 4 females. The ages ranged from 18 to 74 with an average of 38.3 years. These 9 lesions were diagnosed by pathology as malignant giant cell tumor of the bone (2), chondrosarcoma (2), reticulum cell sarcoma (1), osteoblastoma (osteosarcomatous) (1), osteogenic sarcoma (1) and metastatic cancer (1) clear cell cancer and 1 thyroid cancer), located either in the upper or lower end of the humerus. Cutting margin was 4-7 cm from the tumor. The length of resected humerus was 10-18 cm. Simple excision without reconstruction was done only in 1 patient. The bone defect after resection was reconstructed with autogenous fibular graft in 3 patients, replantation of the limb in 2, one of whom was added with prosthesis for reconstruction of the elbow function, humerus prosthesis in 2 and elbow prosthesis in 1. All the patients were followed. Only two had died and 7 are still alive without evidence of disease. The longest survival was 20.5 years and the shortest, 18 months with an average of 10.1 years. The causes of death (1 osteoblastoma and 1 osteogenic sarcoma) were recurrence and lung metastasis. The indication, extent of excision and causes of recurrence are discussed. PMID- 3219988 TI - Assays of serum laminin and type III procollagen peptide for monitoring the clinical course of diabetic microangiopathy. AB - Thickening of the capillary basement membrane is a characteristic feature of diabetes and is considered to cause diabetic microangiopathy. Serum levels of both laminin, a glycoprotein in the basement membrane, and type III procollagen peptide (P-III-P) were measured by specific radioimmunoassays according to the methods of Brocks et al. and Rohde et al. respectively and analyzed with regard to diabetic microangiopathy, glycemic control, diabetic duration and treatment. As a result, serum levels of both laminin and P-III-P showed higher values with development of diabetic microangiopathy, suggesting that progressive changes in diabetic microangiopathy occur with synthesis of laminin and P-III-P. Serum laminin and P-III-P appear to be good non-invasive markers for measuring basement membrane metabolism and type III collagen accumulation. High values of serum laminin and P-III-P levels were suspected to be due to improper treatment, using hypoglycemic agents without adherence to the diet regimen. PMID- 3219989 TI - Somatosensory and visual evoked potentials in insulin-dependent diabetics with mild peripheral neuropathy. AB - Using somatosensory and visual evoked potential techniques we have looked for evidence of central neuropathy in a group of insulin-dependent diabetics with mild peripheral neuropathy. The N9, N13, and N20 components of the somatosensory evoked potential were significantly (P less than 0.001) delayed in the diabetic group compared with the control subjects. There was a small but non-significant increase in the interpeak N13-9 and N20-13 latencies in the diabetic group. The visual evoked potential (P100) showed a small but insignificant delay. The delay in cerebral evoked potentials was mostly attributable to peripheral neuropathic damage and no firm evidence was obtained in favour of central diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 3219990 TI - High frequency of autonomic as well as peripheral neuropathy in patients with malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus. AB - We assessed peripheral and autonomic nerve function in 27 diabetics. Ten had malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (MRDM), eight insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and nine non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The frequency of peripheral neuropathy was 70, 78 and 13% in MRDM, NIDDM and IDDM respectively. Furthermore, the frequency of abnormality in cardiac beat-to-beat variation was 50 and 38% in MRDM and IDDM respectively, whereas our NIDDM patients did not show this abnormality. The patients with MRDM thus revealed a high frequency of not only peripheral but also autonomic neuropathy. Autonomic dysfunction appears to be a new characteristic of MRDM, not mentioned by the WHO study group. PMID- 3219991 TI - Prevalence of ischaemic ECG abnormalities according to the diabetes status in the population of Fiji and their associations with other risk factors. AB - The prevalence of ECG abnormalities indicating the presence of coronary heart disease was examined in the Melanesian (444 men and 457 women) and Asian Indian (408 men and 435 women) population living in Fiji. The aim of the present analysis was to determine the levels of coronary risk factors in people with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or normal glucose tolerance. The prevalence of ECG abnormalities suggesting coronary heart disease (Q-waves, ST depression or T-wave changes) was higher among women than men and among Asian Indians than Melanesians. The prevalence of ECG abnormalities was highest in diabetic subjects, intermediate in people with IGT and lowest in people who had normal glucose tolerance. People with IGT were more likely than others to have high risk factor levels. In people with IGT the increased levels of other coronary risk factors might explain a great deal of the increased prevalence of the ECG abnormalities as compared with the prevalence in those with normal glucose tolerance. Also in diabetic subjects, the levels of other coronary risk factors were increased in those who had ECG abnormalities, but not more than was the case with IGT, so that diabetes itself seemed to remain as the major identified risk factor for ECG abnormalities. The prevalence of diabetes in our study populations, especially in Asian Indians, was very high. This suggests that diabetes is the major risk factor for coronary heart disease in such populations. PMID- 3219992 TI - An assessment of drug information sheets for diabetic patients: only active involvement by patients is helpful. AB - Insulin/sulphonylurea-treated diabetics attending a busy university diabetic clinic were studied to determine whether issuing drug information sheets and/or age influenced understanding and behaviour regarding their disease and its treatment, especially with respect to avoiding hypoglycaemia. Patients were each asked 10 basic questions (each correct answer scoring 1), stratified by age (20 were less than or equal to 45 years and 91 greater than 45 years). According to a single-blind randomised protocol, they were issued or not issued with drug information sheets (providing information to correctly answer all 10 questions). After 2-3 months, 107 (88 aged greater than 45 years) were retested and asked whether they recalled an information sheet, read it themselves or had it read to them. Whether or not patients received sheets, corresponding mean aggregate scores were very similar in both age groups and there was no correlation with age. Second test scores yielded clinically and statistically significant increments in both the sheet and no sheet groups, respective mean aggregate scores increasing from 4.48 to 5.80 and 5.14 to 6.27 (P less than 0.001). Among patients issued with sheets, 32 who recalled reading them achieved the greatest improvement in mean scores (4.53 to 6.16, P less than 0.001). Active interaction/communication (participation in first test, recall and reading of information sheet) had a favourable educational impact irrespective of age, but merely issuing drug information sheets had no benefit. PMID- 3219993 TI - Complements in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with complications. AB - A relation of the complement system to the development of complications in non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was evaluated by measuring some components of the complement system. CH50, C3, C4 and C3bINA were significantly elevated in subjects with NIDDM as compared with healthy non-diabetic controls. However, CH50 and C3 did not differ between diabetics with and without complications. C4 was higher in diabetics with retinopathy as well as with retinopathy and neuropathy than in diabetics without these complications. ACH50, beta 1Hg1 and C3d were similar in subjects with NIDDM and non-diabetics, and not associated with complications of NIDDM. C3d/C3 in NIDDM without complications was lower than in healthy subjects, but did not significantly differ between the types of complications. These results suggest that the high level of complements in NIDDM might be due to enhanced production of complements and the development of diabetic complications would be related to the elevated level of complements. PMID- 3219994 TI - Immunopharmacological studies of new 3-benzoyl-4-mercaptobutyric acid derivatives. II. Immunosuppressive effects. AB - A number of D-penicillamine (PA) derivatives (3-benzoyl-4-mercaptobutyric acids) with an acetylthio group on the gamma-position of the carboxylic acid were synthesized. Their immunological effects were examined and compared with PA and other immunosuppressors. PA derivatives suppressed adjuvant-induced arthritis in SD and Lewis rats, suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity and IgE antibody response in mice, and prolonged the survival time of NZBXNZW F1 hybrid (BWF1) mice, as did immunosuppressors. In vitro, PA derivatives suppressed lymphocyte transformation and the proliferation of KB cells. 4-Acetylthio-3-[-4-(4 chlorophenyl)benzoyl]butyric acid was the most effective of the PA derivatives. Thus, these PA derivatives with an acetylthio group on the gamma-position of the carboxylic acid showed immunosuppressive effects and, furthermore, substitution of the halogen atom on the phenyl group increased immunosuppressive activities. PMID- 3219995 TI - Therapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and NY-198 in experimentally infected normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and NY-198 was compared in alloxan-induced diabetic mice with experimental respiratory and urinary tract infections. Respiratory infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S was well controlled by treatment with all compounds tested both in normal and diabetic mice. Similar observations were made in a model of urinary tract infection due to Serratia marcescens T-55. There was no difference between normal and diabetic mice in therapeutic efficacy of these compounds. They appear to be highly active antibacterial drugs in vitro under conditions which stimulate normal and diabetic states. There was no difference between normal and diabetic mice in the serum, lung and kidney concentrations. These observations suggest that ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and NY-198 may be effective drugs in the treatment of bacterial respiratory and urinary tract infections which may occur in diabetic conditions. PMID- 3219996 TI - Electrophysiological effects of the new cardioactive drug CERM 4205: a comparative study in an animal model and in man. AB - The cardiac electrophysiological effects of CERM 4205, a new cardioactive agent, were studied by means of intracardiac electrodes in man and in anaesthetized dogs. The results show that CERM 4205 is a cardioactive drug with a main inhibitory effect on slow-response structures (sinus and atrioventricular node) with an associated effect on fast-response structures (atrial, His-Purkinje and ventricular tissues). No qualitative differences were observed between the effects observed in man and dogs. In conclusion, the present study confirms that CERM 4205 is a compound with combined class IV and class I electrophysiological effects in dogs and man. The anaesthetized dog appears to be a satisfactory model for the evaluation of the electrophysiological effects of cardioactive drugs. PMID- 3219997 TI - Activation of antioxidant activity in natural medicinal products by heating, brewing and lipophilization. A new drug delivery system. AB - On the basis of the authors' previous hypothesis (1) that treatment of natural plant products with heating and gastric juice results in liberation of low molecular weight compounds with antioxidant activity that exist in the native products as repeating subunits of high molecular weight polymers, they have developed specially treated natural health or medicinal products in which several identifiable low molecular weight compounds with antioxidant activity are liberated and activated. The principal features of the treatment protocol included heating at 80-95 degrees C with continuous manual stirring in an oriental pottery vessel over a Japanese traditional oven, subsequent brewing with Koji (Aspergillus oryzae), and final emulsification in sesame oil. These products were named AOA (antioxidant analogues) or B-H (Bio-harmony). AOA and B-H were markedly effective both in scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated and in inhibiting lipid peroxidation; they also significantly reduced both adjuvant- and adriamycin-induced paw oedema in rats. These agents were strikingly effective in ameliorating a variety of inflammatory diseases in patients and caused a fall in their serum lipid peroxide levels. Significant levels of several low molecular weight antioxidant compounds such as flavoprotein and carotene were directly detected by analysis of the treated products. The authors conclude that the procedures are useful and effective for potentiating the bioavailability of pharmacologically active natural products. PMID- 3219998 TI - [Left ventricular aneurysm: natural history and postoperative long-term prognosis]. PMID- 3219999 TI - [Coronary artery recanalization and collateral circulation in patients with myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3220000 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3220001 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in coronary artery disease using pulsed Doppler ultrasound]. PMID- 3220002 TI - [Dipyridamole two-dimensional echocardiography test in evaluating coronary artery disease]. PMID- 3220003 TI - [Clinical and basic research on cardiac ejection function in coronary artery disease]. PMID- 3220004 TI - [Comparison of the bioactivity and plasma concentration of the constituents of Thevetia neriifolia juss]. PMID- 3220005 TI - [Antagonistic role played by the trace elements selenium, zinc and copper on the cardiotoxicity induced by adriamycin]. PMID- 3220006 TI - Sulbactam/ampicillin in clinical practice. Proceedings of a symposium. Munich, 17 January 1987. PMID- 3220007 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of sulbactam/ampicillin and clavulanic acid/amoxycillin in human volunteers. AB - In this study, the pharmacokinetic parameters of 2 different beta-lactamase inhibitors (sulbactam and clavulanic acid) in combination with 2 different aminobenzylpenicillins (ampicillin and amoxycillin) were compared. The study involved 10 healthy volunteers who received sulbactam 250 mg plus ampicillin 500 mg intravenously, clavulanic acid 100 mg plus amoxycillin 500 mg intravenously, sultamicillin equivalent to sulbactam 294 mg plus ampicillin 440 mg orally, and clavulanic acid 125 mg plus amoxycillin 500 mg orally in a crossover, randomised trial. Serum and urine concentrations of ampicillin, amoxycillin and clavulanic acid were assayed by agar diffusion test, and the concentrations of sulbactam by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated according to open 1- and 2-compartment models. Test results showed that the addition of sulbactam significantly increases the bioavailability of oral ampicillin when the 2 drugs are administered in the form of the prodrug sultamicillin. Also, sulbactam does not interfere with the kinetics of intravenous ampicillin but increases the absorption of oral ampicillin. PMID- 3220009 TI - Sulbactam and clavulanic acid: studies of enzyme kinetics and synergy with ampicillin and mezlocillin. PMID- 3220008 TI - Sulbactam/ampicillin versus cefoxitin for uncomplicated and complicated acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - In this study, 17 women were treated for uncomplicated acute pelvic inflammatory disease requiring hospitalisation for therapy, and 5 women were treated for the same infection complicated by pelvic abscesses. Treatment regimens were sulbactam 1g plus ampicillin 2g (14 women) or cefoxitin 2g (8 women) given by intravenous infusion every 6 hours. On the third day of therapy, a rash developed in 1 woman who was being successfully treated for uncomplicated disease with sulbactam/ampicillin. The other 21 women were cured. No other adverse clinical reactions and no significant abnormal laboratory results were observed with either regimen. Bacteriological efficacy, 98% for sulbactam/ampicillin and 94% for cefoxitin, closely paralleled clinical efficacy. Sulbactam, a suicide-type beta-lactamase inhibitor, appears to have restored and expanded the antibacterial activity of ampicillin. PMID- 3220010 TI - Sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of epidemic meningococcal meningitis in northern Nigeria. PMID- 3220011 TI - Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies of sulbactam/penicillin combinations in the treatment of ear, nose and throat infections. PMID- 3220012 TI - Ampicillin plus sulbactam in vitro activity against anaerobes. PMID- 3220013 TI - Use of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infection. PMID- 3220014 TI - [What are genes and how do they work?]. PMID- 3220015 TI - [The KID syndrome--cause of rare vision and hearing disorders]. PMID- 3220016 TI - [Management of urinary incontinence by an internal prosthesis]. PMID- 3220017 TI - [Achilles tendon problems in an athlete]. PMID- 3220018 TI - [Listeria infection from high salt concentration]. PMID- 3220019 TI - [Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hypercalcemia and reduced renal function]. PMID- 3220020 TI - [Alcohol and mortality]. PMID- 3220021 TI - [The outcome of cholesterol programs are helpful in evaluating criticism]. PMID- 3220023 TI - [In reference to the articles by Simo Kokko and Risto Pelkonen]. PMID- 3220022 TI - [Cholesterol determination deserves a try]. PMID- 3220024 TI - [Questions about prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 3220025 TI - [The cecum and the appendix]. PMID- 3220026 TI - [Preference for the name "smallpox"]. PMID- 3220027 TI - [Antecedents of cooperative meetings of the Association for Education and Public Health of Latin America and the Caribbean, the Association of Public Health Schools of the United States of America and PAHO]. PMID- 3220028 TI - [The first meeting: analysis of public policy in the context of health and development]. PMID- 3220030 TI - [Supplement II: reference document for the first meeting. Analysis of public policy. Experience of the Latin-American Institute for Economic and Social Planning]. PMID- 3220032 TI - [Supplement: reference document for the second meeting. Strengthening of the national capacity in epidemiology]. PMID- 3220031 TI - [The second meeting: national systems of information and development of epidemiology]. PMID- 3220029 TI - [Supplement I: reference document for the first meeting. Public policy, health and development in Latin America]. PMID- 3220034 TI - [Supplement: reference document for the third meeting. Organization and behavior of the suppliers' market. A methodologic proposal for the study of the function of the health sector]. PMID- 3220033 TI - [The third meeting: the economy and financing of health]. PMID- 3220035 TI - [The fourth meeting: human resources and health]. PMID- 3220036 TI - [The fifth meeting: the process of technological development in medicine]. PMID- 3220037 TI - Health technology and schools of public health. PMID- 3220038 TI - [The sixth meeting: health service systems]. PMID- 3220039 TI - [Use of flow cytometry in hybridoma technology]. PMID- 3220040 TI - [Pharmacologic studies of a tetrahydroxazine derivative]. PMID- 3220041 TI - [Neuropharmacologic effect of 2 newly synthesized compounds of the piperazine group. Report II. Effect on the behavior of experimental animals]. PMID- 3220042 TI - [Effect of 2 newly synthesized compounds of the piperazine group on the aggressive behavior of white mice]. PMID- 3220043 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on physical endurance and various biochemical indicators in rats]. PMID- 3220044 TI - [Immunohistochemical studies of metastasis of achromatic melanoma to the lymph nodes]. PMID- 3220045 TI - Empty sella in control subjects and patients with hypopituitarism. AB - The frequency and distribution of various degrees of empty sellae have been examined in subjects without any pituitary disorder and in patients with hypopituitarism. Among them none had sellar enlargement. Sellar computed tomography (CT) with contiguous 2 mm slices (thickness in the axial projection) was performed in 56 control subjects. The CT findings on sella turcica were graded into 4 groups (0, 1+, 2+, and 3+), and grades 2+ and 3+ indicated moderate and marked empty sellae. Thirty-nine percent of the control subjects had empty sellae of grade 2+ or 3+. Sellar CT scans with contiguous 2 mm slices were also performed in 11 patients with hypopituitarism. The sellar volume ranged from 224 to 715 mm3. CT scan was carried out more than 2 years after the onset of hypopituitarism in 10 of 11 patients, and showed typical empty sellae of grade 3+ in all 10 patients. There was no empty sella in a patient with hypopituitarism whose CT scan was carried out 3 months after the massive postpartum hemorrhage. Our results indicate that moderate empty sella of grade 2+ can be seen in subjects without any pituitary disorder, and that a typical empty sella of grade 3+ is present in hypopituitarism with a normal sized sella turcica. An empty sella associated with hypopituitarism may be due to shrinkage of the pituitary gland related to its hypofunction. PMID- 3220046 TI - Mild adrenal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency with hyperaldosteronism. AB - The patient was admitted to our hospital at 19 and again at 22-yr of age for hirsutism and hypertension. Her baseline and ACTH-stimulated plasma 17-hydroxy pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were increased whereas plasma 17-hydroxy progesterone and androstenedione were normal and responded poorly to ACTH. Plasma deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and cortisol baseline levels were normal, and they responded normally to ACTH. The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was always high and responded well to ACTH, angiotensin III and furosemide-upright stimulation. However, plasma renin activity (PRA) was normal or slightly high, and responded normally to furosemide upright stimulation and fluorohydrocortisone suppression. Dexamethasone (2 mg/day) for 1-2 weeks suppressed the androgens, cortisol and corticosterone levels. PRA and PAC were suppressed temporally, but PRA returned to normal and PAC to be a high level after 2 weeks of dexamethasone administration. Blood pressure was also reduced temporally but returned to a high level after 2 weeks of dexamethasone. These results indicate that primary aldosteronism and dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism were not likely to be present, and unknown aldosterone stimulating factors which potentiated the action of endogenous angiotensin II or ACTH might be responsible for the hyperaldosteronism in this patient. We conclude that this patient had a mild and non-salt losing 3 beta-HSD deficiency in the zona reticularis with normal fasciculata and high glomerulosa function. PMID- 3220047 TI - Hypercortisolism and the resistance to dexamethasone suppression during gestation. AB - Maternal adrenocortical function was studied by measuring plasma cortisol and urinary free cortisol during gestation. Changes in suppressibility of pituitary adrenocortical function were determined by dexamethasone administration. Urinary free cortisol as well as plasma cortisol increased during the course of gestation. The suppressibility by dexamethasone became less effective as pregnancy advanced. These results suggest that pregnant women have pituitary adrenocortical hyperfunction and tissue refractoriness to glucocorticoid which increases during the course of gestation. PMID- 3220048 TI - Inhibitory effects of estradiol on glycogen synthesis in primary cell cultures of human endometrium. AB - The effect of estradiol on glycogen synthesis was examined in a primary cell culture system of the human endometrium. Estradiol inhibited glycogen synthesis in a dose dependent manner with a minimum effective dose of 10(-9)M. Progesterone induced glycogen synthesis was completely abolished by the simultaneous addition of estradiol. Estradiol did not affect the activity of glycogen phosphorylase in endometrial cells, but the activity of glycogen synthetase was decreased by estradiol irrespective of the presence of progesterone. The inhibitory effect of estradiol on the glycogen synthesis of endometrial cells seemed to be mediated by estradiol receptor, because LY156758, an antiestrogenic drug at receptor site, reversed the inhibitory effect of estradiol. PMID- 3220050 TI - Anterior pituitary cell antibodies detected in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. AB - An immunofluorescence study using unfixed cryostat sections of rat pituitary glands was carried out on sera from 34 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 28 patients with Graves' disease, 10 patients with thyroid adenoma and 50 healthy subjects. After absorption of sera with rat liver tissues, 19 of 34 patients retained reactivity to anterior pituitary cell antibodies (PCA, 55.8%). On the other hand, immunofluorescence in anterior pituitary cells was faint and detected in only 2 of 28 patients with Graves' disease (7.1%) after absorption of their sera with rat liver aceton powder. A similar result was also obtained when PCA were compared in the sera of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease with high titers of thyroid microsomal autoantibodies. PCA were detected neither in the sera of patients with thyroid adenoma nor in the healthy subjects. The present study suggests that PCA were considerably more prevalent in Hashimoto's thyroiditis than in Graves' disease. PMID- 3220049 TI - In vivo effects of thyroid hormone, glucocorticoid, androgen, and somatotropin on RNA polymerase I activities in isolated liver nuclei. AB - In the 'template-engaged' form activity of RNA polymerase I in nuclei of normal rat livers, about 40% of the activity was found to be influenced by thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids and can be eliminated by 1 h treatment with cycloheximide. On the other hand, the 'free' form activity of the enzyme in rat liver nuclei and the total amount of the enzyme in nucleoli were scarcely affected by these hormones. These results suggest that a considerable portion of rRNA synthesis in rat liver nucleoli is regulated by the initiation of rDNA transcription, probably with the participation of glucocorticoid- and thyroid hormone-dependent short-lived protein(s). When somatotropin, in addition to glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones, was depleted by hypophysectomy, the 'template-engaged' form activity of RNA polymerase I was reduced to 30% of the normal level. The activity was restored completely by a single injection of triiodothyronine plus somatotropin, but not by injections of the individual hormones. From these results, it is likely that the stimulating effects of glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones on rRNA synthesis are maintained by the action of somatotropin which seems to occur in a different mechanism from those of the former two hormones. In contrast to these hormones, androgen showed no acute effect on 'template-engaged' form activity of RNA polymerase I in liver nuclei. PMID- 3220051 TI - Treatment of acromegaly with long acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995. AB - Ten acromegalic patients were treated with the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 (SMS) for 3-38 weeks in various doses and by different administration routines (thrice daily or multiple sc injection). Plasma GH daily profiles, plasma IGF-I, urinary GH, serum TSH, IRI and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations were measured before and during SMS treatment. Plasma GH rapidly decreased within one hour in all patients and was suppressed for at least 4 h after a 50 micrograms sc injection of SMS in 8 patients. Multiple injections of 300-600 micrograms/day SMS (25-50 micrograms X 12) suppressed GH throughout the day. Plasma IGF-I was completely normalized in 4 patients, and, in all but one of the others, decreased markedly. Urinary GH decreased within the first week of treatment in all patients and normalization was obtained in 3 patients. Shrinkage of the pituitary tumor, as determined by CT or MRI, was observed in 7 of 9 patients. Other clinical improvements, such as diminution or complete disappearance of swelling of soft tissues, excessive perspiration, and headache, were observed in 7 of 8 patients. Changes in serum TSH, IRI and FBG were seen in 3-4 patients, but without any apparent clinical problems. In conclusion, SMS is a useful clinical tool for treatment of acromegaly, and a multiple sc injection method seems to be preferable. PMID- 3220052 TI - A case of Graves' disease associated with an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) (Marine-Lenhalt syndrome) which spontaneously became a cold nodule. AB - We report a 31-year-old female with Graves' disease associated with an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) (Marine-Lenhalt syndrome) in which the AFTN spontaneously became a cold nodule. Initially the patient was thyrotoxic and had diffuse goiter with an elevated radioiodine uptake. She became euthyroid following six months of antithyroid drug therapy, and in addition to diffuse goiter, the solitary hot nodule was palpable in the left lobe. Fourteen months later, hyperthyroidism recurred and the thyroid scan revealed diffuse radioiodine uptake with a cold area in the nodular region. The resected nodule showed extensive degeneration and the histological diagnosis was follicular adenoma with Graves' disease. We discussed the significance of recognizing the syndrome and also compared the frequency of spontaneous degeneration in AFTN and in solitary cold nodules. PMID- 3220054 TI - Quantitative therapeutic plan for the treatment of obesity and a simple method for estimating appropriate caloric intake by using previous rate of weight loss. AB - We have formulated an equation for the calculation of the caloric intake in a reducing diet that is suited to individual obese patients. We have designed a system in which the weight loss achieved after the intake of a fixed number of calories over a given period is used as a basis for the next weight-reducing plan for a given patient. We devised the formula Y = X - 1000 (b2/a2-b1/a1) for calculating the daily caloric intake (Y). X is the previous caloric intake; b1 is achieved weight loss (kg) in the previous period (a1 weeks); and b2 is the planned reduction in weight in the subsequent target period (a2 weeks). PMID- 3220055 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of endocrine disorders II. PMID- 3220053 TI - Effect of phospholipids on estrogen receptor of rat uterine cytosol. AB - Phospholipids such as phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl serine inhibit the binding of R5020 and progestin receptors. The effect of phospholipids on the binding of estrogen and estrogen receptors of rat uterine cytosol was studied. Phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, cardiolipin, and phosphatidic acid inhibited the binding of estradiol and estrogen receptors. This inhibitory effect of phosphatidyl inositol and cardiolipin was dose dependent. PMID- 3220057 TI - European Anaesthetic Research Group. Abstracts of papers. Rome, 7 September 1988. PMID- 3220056 TI - The influence of epidural analgesia on platelet function and correlation with plasma bupivacaine concentrations. AB - The effect of epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine 0.5% on platelet aggregation was studied in seven patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. Peak plasma concentrations of bupivacaine 470 +/- 270 ng ml-1 occurred at 30 min after administration. At that time there were no significant changes in platelet aggregation. However, the maximum rate of the primary- and secondary-aggregation velocities induced by 1.0 microM ADP were significantly decreased at 1 h and 3 h after bupivacaine administration. The maximum percentage ADP-induced platelet aggregation was also decreased significantly at 1 h and 3 h. The minimum concentration of ADP required to induce secondary-phase platelet aggregation was significantly increased at 1 h but not at 3 h. There was a significant correlation between bupivacaine concentrations and all platelet aggregation parameters except the maximum ADP-induced aggregation. Platelet inhibition occurred at plasma bupivacaine concentrations that were considerably lower than those needed to produce similar inhibition in vitro. PMID- 3220058 TI - Intramuscular pressure and muscle blood flow in supraspinatus. AB - Intramuscular pressure and muscle blood flow was measured in the supraspinatus muscle in 6 healthy subjects. The recordings were performed at rest, during isometric exercise, during an isometric muscle contraction of 5.6 kPa (42 mm Hg) and 10.4 kPa (78 mm Hg) and at rest after the contraction. Intramuscular pressure was measured by the microcapillary infusion technique, and muscle blood flow by the Xenon-133 washout technique. Intramuscular pressure was 38.2 kPa (SD 12.0) (287 mm Hg) during maximal voluntary contraction. A muscle contraction pressure of 5.6 kPa (42 mm Hg), which is 16% of maximal voluntary contraction, reduces local muscle blood flow significantly. It is concluded that the high intramuscular pressures found in supraspinatus during work with the arms elevated impedes local muscle blood flow. PMID- 3220059 TI - Glycogen degradation during isometric exercise at low contraction force. AB - The glycogen content was measured in biopsy sample of human vastus lateralis muscle during prolonged isometric contraction with low force generation. In the first experiment 15% of the maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC) was held for 10 min. Glycogen utilization was 68.1 mmol glucosyl units.kg-1 dry muscle (d.m.). The study was continued by intermittent contractions of 50 s duration and 10 s rest repeated for 50 min. This resulted in a total glycogen utilization of 167.5 mmol glycosyl units.kg-1 d.m. The study was repeated with a force set of 7.5% MVC starting with 20 min continuous contraction followed by the same intermittent contractions for a further 100 min. The glycogen decrease was 15 mmol after the continuous contraction and totally 50 mmol after 2 h with the lower force. Thus the glycogen degradation rate even at low contraction force was related to the force level, being 6 times higher when the force was increased from 7.5 to 15% MVC. With prolonged isometric work periods at work loads corresponding to 15% MVC or higher depletion of the glycogen store can limit work performance capacity. PMID- 3220060 TI - Recovery following exhaustive dynamic exercise in the human biceps muscle. AB - The aim of the study was to investigate the recovery of the maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC), the endurance time and electromyographical (EMG) parameters following exhaustive dynamic exercise of the m. biceps brachii. EMG recordings were made in ten healthy subjects using bipolar surface electrodes placed over the common belly of the left arm biceps muscle. Up to 25 h post exercise, the maximum contraction force and the EMG signal were recorded alternately at regular intervals. The EMG signal was recorded during 30-s contractions at 40% of the pre-fatigued MVC. Four hours and 25 h post-exercise, the endurance time of a 40% pre-fatigued MVC was recorded. Up to 25 h after the exercise the maximum contraction force, the endurance time and the EMG parameters were significantly different from the pre-exercise values. Nine out of ten subjects complained that muscle soreness had developed. Thus, long-lasting changes are found after exhaustive dynamic exercise, not only in the MVC and the muscle's endurance capacity, but also in the EMG signal. PMID- 3220061 TI - Mechanisms of the haematological changes induced by hyperventilation. AB - During voluntary hyperventilation an increase in the lymphocyte and thrombocyte counts occurs, paralleled by an increase in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine. All these changes are rapidly reversible after hyperventilation and are followed by an increase in the neutrophil granulocyte count. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these changes were investigated by comparison of the hyperventilation-induced changes of the blood picture in 11 normal, 9 splenectomized and 12 beta-blocked volunteers. Splenectomy did not affect the hyperventilation-induced mobilization of lymphocytes and neutrophils but totally suppressed the change in the thrombocyte count. beta-blockade by 80 mg propranolol did not suppress the hyperventilation-induced increase in neutrophils. It reduced the absolute increase of lymphocytes and thrombocytes by half, but it also increased the baseline counts of these cells. The study shows that hyperventilation mobilizes thrombocytes from the spleen but not from extralienal pools, and that lymphocytes and neutrophils are mobilized from extralienal pools. Whereas neutrophil mobilization is not suppressed by beta blockade, the reduction of hyperventilation-induced mobilization of lymphocytes and thrombocytes may be due to a reduction in the size of the mobilizable cell pools, and therefore cannot be interpreted as a sure indication that adrenergic mechanisms are involved in their hyperventilation-induced mobilization. PMID- 3220062 TI - Changes in nutrient intakes of conditioned men during a 5-day period of increased physical activity and other stresses. AB - Nutrient intakes and selected blood and urinary constituents of 16 Navy servicemen were obtained before and during a period of 113 hours of physical activity, sleep deprivation, and psychological stress, to document the dietary adaptation of physically conditioned men to an extended period of hard physical work and other stresses. Food intakes were monitored by 1-day diet records prior to and by direct observation during the period. The factorial method was used to calculate energy expenditure. Carbohydrates provided 45 and 43% of the total energy intake before and during the experiment. Protein intakes and intakes of all the vitamins and minerals studied exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowances, both before and during the period. Total energy intake averaged 18.7 MJ.d-1 before and 24.4 MJ.d-1 during the experiment. Body weight increased significantly by 2.7 +/- 0.4 kg (mean +/- s.e.) during the experiment (p less than 0.0001). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.74; p less than 0.001) between the change in body weight and urinary sodium from before to after the experiment suggesting that increased dietary sodium may have contributed to the weight gain. A significant increase in plasma volume (11.9 +/- 3.2%; p less than 0.0003) provided further support that the observed weight gain was due to sodium intake rather than a positive energy balance. In conclusion, conditioned men increased food consumption adequately to meet increased energy demands. PMID- 3220063 TI - Erythrocyte, plasma and urinary magnesium in men before and after a marathon. AB - Erythrocyte, plasma and urinary magnesium (Mg2+) concentration was measured in 23 runners before and after a marathon race. Blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein the morning before the race (baseline), at 3 p.m. (2 h before the start), upon finishing and 12 h later. Compared with the baseline values, the intra-erythrocyte and plasma Mg2+ were decreased (p less than 0.05 or less) immediately after the marathon, from 2.13 +/- 0.16 to 2.02 +/- 0.18 mmol.l-1 cells and from 0.88 +/- 0.06 to 0.81 +/- 0.07 mmol.l-1 respectively. The Mg2+ concentration returned to pre-race values 12 h after completion of the marathon. The urinary Mg2+ excretion rate decreased (p less than 0.001) from 29 +/- 13 to 5 +/- 3 mumol.min-1 during the marathon and increased (p less than 0.05) 12 h after the race to 38 +/- 18 mumol.min-1. It is concluded that the reduction in plasma Mg2+ ion concentration during the marathon cannot be attributed to erythrocyte uptake, urinary excretion or loss in sweat. It is suggested that Mg2+ may be released from erythrocytes into the extracellular fluids during sustained exercise and taken up from these fluids by the adipose cells. PMID- 3220064 TI - Benefits of short-term muscular training in reducing the effects of muscular over exertion. AB - Muscle soreness, serum creatine kinase (CK), and serum and urinary hydroxyproline levels were examined following muscle over-exertion and resistance training. Seven untrained men performed high intensity leg-extension exercises at a resistance at which they could initially accomplish 90% of their 10 repetitions maximum (10 RM), for 30 minutes to induce muscle over-exertion. In Phase 1 a single bout of muscular over-exertion was followed by a week of rest. Phase 2, the training period, was a repeat of the over-exertion workload of Phase 1 for five consecutive days. Phase 3 was a single bout of over-exertion at a higher 10 RM workload. Normo-responsive and hyper-responsive changes in serum CK were exhibited by different subjects in Phase 1. Muscle soreness was perceived by both groups but to a greater extent in the hyper-responsive group. Serum CK and muscle soreness values were lower during Phase 2 and 3 than in Phase 1. Neither serum nor urinary hydroxyproline levels changed significantly post-exercise. These findings show that a single bout of intense exercise and a brief period of muscular training reduces serum CK and muscle soreness responses following a subsequent single bout of exercise at a higher intensity. PMID- 3220065 TI - Plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in elite athletes from selected sports. AB - The activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and the plasma lipoprotein concentrations of elite athletes from 8 selected sports (volleyball, judo, sprinting, wrestling, throwing, cycling, water polo and tennis) were determined and compared with those of a sedentary control group. Plasma LCAT activity levels in the athletes were significantly 2.2-7.0 times higher than in the controls in most sports (p less than 0.01). Judo, sprinting, wrestling and throwing had comparable LCAT values while tennis, volleyball and cycling were considerably higher. HDL-C concentration was significantly higher than controls in the water polo (p less than 0.05), cycling and volleyball (p less than 0.01) groups. Percentage lipoprotein distribution in the athletes in all sports except tennis, throwing and wrestling were similar to the controls. The differences among groups in LCAT activity may be related to the effect of physical exercise and training adaptations to lipid metabolism. This may be of importance when judging the benefit of exercise for atherosclerosis protection. PMID- 3220066 TI - EMG activities in mono- and bi-articular thigh muscles in combined hip and knee extension. AB - 8 male subjects were tested to elucidate the organization of EMG activities in mono- and bi-articular thigh muscles when hip and knee extension are combined. 2 types of isometric movement, single and dual joint movements, were studied: 1) 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in separate hip extension (HE20) and knee extension (KE20), 2) simultaneous HE20 and KE20, combined voluntarily (HE20.KE20). In HE20.KE20, the value of the integrated EMG (IEMG) from the muscles tested was normalized as a percentage (%IEMG) of the IEMG of each muscle in HE20 for gluteus maximus (GM) and semimembranosus (SM), and KE20 for vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF). The average %IEMG was 50.5 +/- 16.9% for GM, 42.1 +/- 6.1% for SM, 153.4 +/- 22.8% for VM and 66.6 +/- 18.7% for RF. These data suggest that the EMG activities of GM, SM and RF are inhibited and the EMG activity of VM is facilitated by combining hip extension with knee extension. PMID- 3220067 TI - The influence of force and circulation on average muscle fibre conduction velocity during local muscle fatigue. AB - Two series of experiments were performed to examine the relationship between force and change in average muscle fibre conduction velocity (MFCV) during local muscle fatigue. The average MFCV was estimated using the cross-correlation method. In the first experiment this relationship was studied with surface EMG of vastus lateralis at force levels from 10 to 100% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) with and without occluded circulation. The product of relative force and time was held constant. At 10-20% MVC, MFCV increased slightly under the 2 conditions. Between 30-40% MVC, MFCV decreased, this decline in conduction velocity being significantly greater with occluded circulation. Above 40% MVC the decline in MFCV was larger at higher forces, but without any differences between the ischaemic and non-ischaemic conditions. In the second experiment the relationship between change in force and MFCV was studied during sustained maximal voluntary contractions of biceps brachii. MFCV declined during the first 26-39 s of the contraction, followed by an increase. Since this increase occurred when the force had dropped to 30-50% of the initial maximal force, a partial restoration of blood flow is thought to be responsible for this phenomenon. Because an increase in MFCV was noted, despite a further decline in force, this implies that at high force levels the change in MFCV during fatigue could partly be caused by mechanisms different from those accounting for the force loss. It is concluded that above 40% MVC intramuscular pressure is sufficiently high to cause ischaemia, and MFCV is found to be very sensitive to changes in intramuscular blood flow. PMID- 3220068 TI - Habituation of vasodilatation in the calf elicited by repeated sensory stimulation in man. AB - In 28 subjects the cardiovascular response to repeated stimulation was monitored during six daily sessions. Calf blood flow was measured with mercury-in-silastic venous occlusion plethysmography, blood pressure with electronic sphygmomanometer. The stimuli used were: 1 kHz sound of 90 dB and 100 dB intensity and immersion of one foot for 60 s in water at 4 degrees C. Initially sounds induced large vasodilatation in the calf, immersion of one foot in the water induced in the contralateral calf vasodilatation in one group and vasoconstriction in another group of subjects. The blood pressure changes were less prominent and less consistent. After the first session of repeated stimulation the vascular response during the second session was significantly diminished. The reduction of the vasodilatation was the most rapid. During the remaining 5 days the responses were suppressed. It has been established that in the patients in the initial stage of hypertension the ability to habituate vascular response is impaired (Zbrozyna and Krebbel 1985). It is therefore suggested that the test of the ability for long-term vascular habituation could be used as a supplementary diagnostic test. PMID- 3220069 TI - Isometric and isokinetic muscle strength, anthropometry and physical activity in 8 and 13 year old Swedish children. AB - Isometric muscle strength of the hand-grip and of trunk flexion and extension, and isokinetic torque of elbow and knee flexion and knee extension were assessed in a random sample of 8 and 13 year old Swedish children. The results were compared with respect to sex and age in absolute terms and relative to weight, height2 and estimates of lean body mass and cross-sectional muscle area. Daily physical activity was also estimated. The muscle strength variables were in general found to be very similar in the 8 year old boys and girls. In the 13 year old group the boys were generally stronger than the girls, in both absolute and relative terms, except for similar torque values during knee extension. The absolute and relative muscle strength and torque values were higher in the older than in the younger children, with the exception of trunk strength per unit of body weight and of lean body mass, which were similar in boys of both ages and significantly lower in the older than in the younger girls. No significant correlation was found between the estimates of physical activity and isometric and isokinetic muscle strength and torque. PMID- 3220070 TI - Incidence of exercise induced hypoxemia in elite endurance athletes at sea level. AB - Recent evidence suggests that exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) may occur in healthy trained endurance athletes. However, at present, no data exist to describe the regularity of EIH in athletes or non-athletes. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to determine the incidence of EIH during exercise in healthy subjects varying in physical fitness. Subjects (N = 68) performed an incremental cycle ergometer test to volitional fatigue with percent arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (%SaO2) measured min-by-min. For the purpose of data analysis subjects were divided into three groups according to their level of physical training: 1) untrained (N = 16), 2) moderately trained (N = 27), and 3) elite highly trained endurance athletes (N = 25). EIH was defined as a %SaO2 of less than or equal to 91% during exercise. EIH did not occur in any of the untrained subjects or the moderately trained subjects. However, EIH occurred in 52% of the highly trained endurance athletes tested and was highly reproducible (r = 0.95; P less than 0.05). These findings further confirm the existence of EIH in healthy highly trained endurance athletes and suggests a rather high incidence of EIH in this healthy population. Hence, it is important that the clinician or physiologist performing exercise testing in elite endurance athletes recognize that EIH can and does occur in the elite endurance athlete in the absence of lung disease. PMID- 3220071 TI - Comparison of heart rate as a non-invasive determinant of anaerobic threshold with the lactate threshold when cycling. AB - In 9 trained athletes and 4 sedentary subjects the anaerobic threshold was assessed on a cycle ergometer, using the deflection point of heart rate in a protocol in which the workload increased by 10 W every 45 s. The workload at which plasma lactate concentration equalled 4 mmol.l-1 was assessed under steady state conditions on separate occasions. In addition, in 3 subjects the non invasive anaerobic threshold and the 4 mmol.l-1 lactate level under steady state conditions were assessed on a treadmill. On the cycle ergometer 6 subjects demonstrated a deflection point in the heart rate record, whereas the others failed to do so. The workload at which heart rate departed from linearity in the progressive protocol did not coincide with the steady state 4 mmol.l-1 workload but occurred at a higher workload. On the treadmill no deflection in heart rate was observed. It is concluded that in cyclists a deflection in heart rate does not always occur, and when it does, it does not coincide with the anaerobic threshold determined under steady state conditions. PMID- 3220072 TI - Circulatory, respiratory and metabolic responses in Thoroughbred horses during the first 400 meters of exercise. AB - These studies investigated circulatory, respiratory and metabolic responses in four Thoroughbred geldings during the first 400 metres of galloping (mean speed 14.4 +/- 0.38 m.s-1), cantering (mean speed 10.0 +/- 0.61 m.s-1) and walking (mean speed 1.58 +/- 0.05 m.s-1) from a standing start. A radio-controlled device which collected blood samples anaerobically during each 100 m section of the exercise track allowed analyses of changes in and functional relationships of the variables measured. During the 400 m gallop, the mean heart rate (HR) increased from 125 to 201 beats.min-1 and the haematocrit (Hct) from 0.513 to 0.589 l/l-1. The haemoglobin [Hb], lactate [LA] and potassium [K+] concentrations increased significantly, while the pH and the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) decreased significantly. The arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and the plasma bicarbonate concentration did not change significantly. There were significant correlations between HR and Hct, HR and [Hb], HR and PaO2, HR and pH, HR and PvCO2, HR and [LA], HR and [K+], pH and [K+], Hct and PaO2, [Hb] and PaO2, PaCO2 and PaO2, [LA] and PaO2, pH and PaO2, [K+] and PaO2, stride frequency and PaO2. With the exception of the PvCO2 which increased significantly, changes in venous blood during the gallop were in the same direction as those of arterial blood. Thirty seconds before the start of the gallop, both HR and [Hb] were significantly higher than at rest, providing an approximate three-fold increase in oxygen delivery compared to that of the resting state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220073 TI - Gender difference in the relationship of performance in the handgrip and standing long jump tests to lean limb volume in young adults. AB - Groups of young, adult males and females performed the handgrip and standing long jump tests. Their total forearm and leg volumes were calculated from a series of circumference and length measurements, and the lean volumes (bone + muscle) calculated by taking the skinfold thickness into consideration. In the handgrip, the mean female performance was 298 N compared with 496 N for the males. In the standing long jump, mean performance expressed as distance x body mass was 87.3 kg.m for females compared with 137.7 kg.m for males. These superior performances of males could simply reflect their greater muscle mass, as the mean lean volumes of female and male limbs respectively were 0.54 l and 0.89 l for forearms, and 11.82 l and 14.82 l for the two legs. However, when the performances of males and females were grouped by lean limb volume, it was found that while in both tests there were linear relationships, males and females did not share a common line. In both tests the male relationship was at a higher level than the female; therefore, for a given lean volume, the male performance was significantly superior to that of the female. The gender difference found in this study has not been seen in other studies in which the performance of skeletal muscle has been related to the cross-sectional area of the active muscles and the possible reasons for the differences are considered. PMID- 3220074 TI - Electrically evoked isometric and isokinetic properties of the triceps surae in young male subjects. AB - The relationship between electrically evoked isometric and isokinetic properties of the triceps surae have been studied in 11 healthy male subjects. The results showed that the time to peak tension (TPT) and half relaxation time (1/2 RT) of the maximal twitch were 110 +/- 11 ms and 82 +/- 11 ms respectively, and the peak rates of rise of contraction (delta P50, delta P200) and relaxation (delta PR50, delta PR200) at 50 and 200 Hz were 0.36 +/- 0.07, 0.48 +/- 0.08 and 1.27 +/- 0.33, 1.25 +/- 0.27% Po ms-1 respectively. The decline in force during a fatigue test was significantly (P less than 0.02) associated with the decrease in maximal relaxation rate (r = 0.79). The TPT was significantly (P less than 0.05) and inversely related to delta P50 and delta P200. The mean angle specific torque velocity relationship for the 11 subjects was adequately described by the empirical exponential equation of the form: V = 16.5 (e-P/30.8-e-84.3/30.8) where V = velocity (rads s-1) and P = torque (Nm). The only significant association found between the isometric and isokinetic properties of the muscle was between delta PR200 and the torque expressed at a given velocity of 4 rads s-1. This lack of association between the two variables is difficult to explain with certainty but it is suggested that it may be due to the differential effects of Ca2+ release and uptake and cross-bridge turnover rate in the two situations. PMID- 3220076 TI - Seasonal changes in circadian rhythms of body temperatures in humans living in a dry tropical climate. AB - Seven volunteers (3 females and 4 males; 3 Caucasians and 4 Africans) participated in two 24 h sessions during the cool dry (CD) and the hot dry (HD) seasons of the sahelian tropical climate. Body temperatures were taken on portable cassette recorders for 24 h. Rectal (Tre) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures decreased in the HD compared to the CD conditions, meeting one of the criteria for adaptation to heat. No ethnic differences in thermal responses were found. Males and females differed in their body temperature rhythms and in their reactions to heat. Body temperatures were higher in females than in males. Males reacted to heat with a decrease in Tre, without change in the Tre-Tsk gradient. Females showed a decrease in both Tre and Tsk, more marked for Tsk, with an increase in the Tre-Tsk gradient. It was concluded that males showed seasonal acclimatization to heat via a decrease in metabolism confirmed by a decrease in plasma levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the HD condition. Females showed a mixed metabolic and thermolytic type of acclimatization, with an absence of variation in plasma TSH levels. In conclusion, the steady rise in temperature between the CD and HD conditions was sufficient to trigger an acclimatization to heat similar in Caucasian and African subjects, although exposure to the external climate differed widely. PMID- 3220075 TI - Effect of glucose polymer diet supplement on responses to prolonged successive swimming, cycling and running. AB - Fifteen male endurance athletes were studied to determine the effect of a glucose polymer (GP) diet supplement on physiological and perceptual responses to successive swimming, cycling and running exercise. Thirty min of swimming, cycling and running at 70% VO2max, followed by a run to exhaustion at 90% VO2max was performed after one week of training under two dietary conditions: 1) GP (230 g of GP consumed daily) and 2) placebo (P, saccharin-sweetened supplement consumed daily). During GP, daily carbohydrate (CHO) intake was higher (p less than 0.05) by 173 g or 14% of energy intake than during P, but total energy intake was not significantly different. During 90 min of exercise, CHO utilization and blood glucose were significantly higher under GP than P by an average of 20.2% and 14.5%, respectively, but heart rate, ventilation, oxygen uptake, ratings of perceived exertion, and plasma lactate were not different. Run time to exhaustion at 90% VO2max was significantly longer by 1.2 min (23%) under GP. The results suggest that a GP diet supplement may be of value during endurance exercise by increasing the availability of CHO. PMID- 3220077 TI - The prognostic significance of age in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. AB - One hundred and forty-eight patients with Stage III and IV Hodgkin's disease, treated at a single institution, were studied to investigate the importance of age as a prognostic pre-study factor. The median age of the patients was 30 (2 81). All patients received combination chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 85%. The median survival is not reached with a median follow-up time of 9.6 years. Age was found to be the dominant prognostic discriminant with younger patients having a better survival. Factors which were significant in a univariate analysis were performance status (PS), stage, weight loss, histology and liver involvement. In a stepwise logistic regression model, however, only age and PS remained independent significant prognostic discriminants. It is concluded that even in the absence of serious concomitant disease, such as heart disease, age is the single most important prognostic variable. PMID- 3220078 TI - Marked heterogeneity of aromatase activity in human malignant melanoma tissue. AB - The prognosis from human malignant melanoma varies according to sex and to multiple histologic, biologic and cell kinetic parameters. Thus melanomas exhibit a major degree of heterogeneity in their biologic properties and further characterization of their biochemical heterogeneity should yield important information. The present study sought to demonstrate the activity of a biochemical marker of estrogen synthesis, the aromatase enzyme, in melanoma tissue and to determine its range of activity. Initially, we validated a highly sensitive radiometric assay for aromatase by comparing it with a direct product isolation method. We detected production of 417 pmol/g protein/h of estrone and 37.3 pmol/g protein/h of estradiol by direct product isolation in a human melanoma and 398 pmol estrone/g protein/h by the radiometric assay. The activity present was blocked by similar amounts of the aromatase inhibitor, aminoglutethimide, as were necessary to block placental, breast cancer, and rat brain aromatase activity. We then assayed aromatase radiometrically in 19 human melanomas and found measurable activity ranging from 9 to 398 pmol estrone/g protein/h in 15 tissues. No relationship with the patient's age or sex was demonstrated. The activity exceeded by 2-fold that previously detected in 49/61 human breast cancers. This study identified a marker enzyme in melanoma tissue which varied by 40-fold among human tumors. Correlation of aromatase activity with prognosis and response to various types of therapy is now necessary to establish the biologic relevance of this finding. PMID- 3220079 TI - Sequence-dependent antitumor effect of VP-16 and 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine in L1210 ascites tumor. AB - The sequence-dependence of the antitumor effect of etoposide (VP-16) and 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) was investigated against the L1210 ascites tumor in BDF1 mice. Treatment with VP16 (7.5 or 15 mg/kg) and ara-C (25 or 500 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on days 1, 4 and 7 after tumor inoculation. Six hour pretreatment with 15 mg/kg VP16 followed by 500 mg/kg ara-C yielded a 100% cure rate, but only a 20% cure rate was obtained with the reverse sequence. Simultaneous administration of 15 mg/kg of VP-16 and 500 mg/kg ara-C interacted synergistically, producing a 70% cure rate. In contrast with the results obtained with VP-16 and 500 mg/kg ara-C, simultaneous administration of 25 mg/kg ara-C neither antagonized nor potentiated the antitumor effect of VP-16. Twenty-five mg/kg ara-C was too low to produce any antitumor effect with VP-16 in simultaneous administration. At every dose investigated, pretreatment with VP-16 followed by ara-C was the most effective antitumor schedule in L1210 leukemia. This sequence of drug administration did not cause greater toxicity as measured by weight loss or toxic death. PMID- 3220081 TI - Measurement of the ovarian cancer-associated antigen CA 125 prior to second look operation. AB - CA 125 was measured in serum samples from 81 patients with a diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. The samples were drawn prior to second look laparotomy performed in patients with complete or partial clinical remission after finishing cytostatic or radiation treatment. The positive and negative predictive value of the CA 125 measurements was 100% and 64%, respectively; the sensitivity and specificity were found to be 44% and 100%, respectively. At the second look operation no evidence of disease was observed in 40 patients, microscopic tumor was found in 10, and macroscopic tumor in 31 patients. All 81 patients had a gynecologic examination under anesthesia prior to the second look operation. Measurement of CA 125 was found superior to this examination with respect to positive and negative predictive value as well as to sensitivity and specificity. It is concluded that CA 125 values above 35 U/ml without exception announced residual tumor. Therefore, in cases with elevated CA 125 values, gynecologic examination under anesthesia or explorative laparotomy gave no further information concerning the result of treatment. CA 125 levels below 35 U/ml were without predictive value owing to a high number of false negative results. PMID- 3220080 TI - Adjuvant effects of prostaglandin D2 to cisplatin on human ovarian cancer cell growth in nude mice. AB - Adjuvant effects of prostaglandin D2 to cisplatin on tumor growth were studied by using nude mice bearing HR cells derived from human ovarian carcinoma. Combinations of 0.2 or 0.4 microgram/ml cisplatin and 0.05 or 0.1 microgram/ml prostaglandin D2, which did not affect the HR cell proliferation alone, resulted in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition, tumor take of HR cells by nude mice in groups treated with a combination of cisplatin and prostaglandin D2 was inhibited. Although there was no significant difference between tumor volumes in mice treated with prostaglandin D2 alone or cisplatin alone and untreated mice, when cisplatin was administered with 1 mg/kg prostaglandin D2 the tumor volume was significantly smaller on days 21 and 35, compared to that of untreated mice. When cisplatin and 2 or 4 mg/kg prostaglandin D2 were combined, the tumor growth was significantly inhibited after day 21, compared not only to that of untreated mice but also of mice treated with cisplatin alone or prostaglandin D2 alone. Such a combination therapy by cisplatin and prostaglandin D2 seemed to result in prevention by prostaglandin D2 of immunological suppression which may be induced by cisplatin. Thus, such a combination therapy brought about a significant prolongation to the survival time. PMID- 3220082 TI - The distribution of estradiol in the sera of normal Caucasian, Chinese, Filipina, Hawaiian and Japanese women living in Hawaii. AB - Mean concentrations of sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) and the percentage distribution of estradiol between the non-protein-bound, albumin-bound and SHBG bound fractions were not different in Caucasian, Hawaiian, Chinese, Japanese and Filipinas living in Hawaii. The widely varying incidence rates for breast cancer are therefore not explained by variations in the availability of estradiol. PMID- 3220083 TI - Differential sensitivity of histone acetylation in nitrogen-mustard sensitive and resistant cells. Relation to drug uptake, formation and repair of DNA-interstrand cross-links. AB - Cultivation of Ehrlich-ascites tumor cells in the presence of N-mustard leads to a selection of cells with a defective choline carrier. As N-mustard employs the choline carrier for transport, this results in reduced drug uptake and in a decrease in drug sensitivity which is specific for N-mustard. Walker carcinoma cells with a stable pleiotropic resistance to a variety of alkylating agents and adriamycin exhibit no evidence for an impaired drug transport and show the same frequency of DNA-interstrand cross-links as the sensitive parental line. Both sensitive and resistant Walker cells exhibit equal capacities for repair of N mustard induced DNA-interstrand cross-links. The inhibition of histone acetylation by N-mustard, however, was found to be significantly lower in the resistant Walker or Ehrlich cells compared to sensitive counterparts. Although the difference between N-mustard concentrations leading to half maximal inhibition of histone acetylation in sensitive and resistant cells is considerably smaller than the difference between N-mustard doses required for half maximal inhibition of cell proliferation the data suggest that--besides DNA DNA cross-linking--the inhibition of histone acetylation has to be considered as an important alternative mechanism responsible for the cytotoxic activity of alkylating agents. Inhibition of histone acetylation is not due an accelerated deacetylation and is predominantly expressed in chromatin fractions soluble in 0.1 M NaCl after digestion with micrococcal nuclease. PMID- 3220084 TI - Important prognostic value of standardized objective criteria of response in stage D2 prostatic carcinoma. AB - One hundred and eighty-six previously untreated patients with clinical stage D2 prostate cancer have been followed according to the criteria of objective response of the National Prostatic Cancer Project (NPCP). All patients received combination therapy with the antiandrogen Flutamide and the LHRH agonist (D-Trp6, des-Gly-NH2(10)]LHRH ethylamide (or surgical castration, 10 patients) as first treatment. Forty-nine patients (26.3%) achieved a complete response as best response while 56 (30.1%) and 69 (37.1%) patients had partial and stable responses, respectively, and only 12 patients (6.5%) did not respond to treatment. The median times required to achieve stable, partial and complete responses were 155, 183 and 401 days, respectively. The best response achieved has a major influence on the probability of continuing response and survival. While the 50% probability of continuing response is more than 3 years for the complete responders, it is reduced to 630 and 517 days for partial and stable responders, respectively. While the non-responders have a median life expectancy of 10.0 months, this value is increased to 30.3 and 37.8 months for the stable and partial responders, respectively. The best probability of survival is for the complete responders with a 95.9% probability of survival at 3 years. There is no significant correlation between the time required to achieve a best response (phase 1) and the duration of the response before progression occurs (phase 2) or the time between progression and death (phase 3) for any of the categories of responses. A longer period of time required to achieve a complete response is associated with a longer survival. When analysis is made, in an attempt to predict response, of the baseline characteristics of the patients before treatment, a low number of bone metastases and better performance status are associated with a greater chance of achieving a complete response while partial, stable and progression responses cannot be predicted from the baseline characteristics. The present data show the importance of standardization of the objective criteria of response to treatment in advanced prostate cancer. Thus, the patients who achieve a complete response have a much more favorable prognosis while partial and stable categories of response have a closely similar prognosis which is inferior to the complete responders. Moreover, the present data indicate that the stable category of response has an important prognostic value which is almost superimposable and not statistically different from the partial response in terms of duration of response and survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3220085 TI - Estrogen receptor distribution in the peripheral, intermediate and central regions of breast cancers. AB - The central, intermediate and peripheral regions of 25 breast tumors were analyzed for estrogen receptors (ER) using a combined biochemical (BC)/immunohistochemical (IHC) micromethod. To optimize the regional comparison, the percentage carcinoma per sample (PCS) was evaluated and incorporated into the quantification of the ER. Correction of the measured ER for the PCS eliminated differences in receptor levels between the central and peripheral regions but not the intermediate region. Although the corrected BC-ER level in this region was found to be about 20% higher, the IHC method did not detect such a difference. Determination of the ER status at the actual growth front of a tumor, rather than in the intermediate region where ER levels appear to be highest, may be of greater clinical relevance. Intra-regional ER heterogeneity appears, however, to be particularly pronounced in this area of a tumor. PMID- 3220087 TI - Pharmacokinetics of Brequinar sodium (NSC 368390; DUP 785) in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 3220086 TI - Cellular distribution patterns of estrogen receptor in human breast cancer. PMID- 3220088 TI - Brain metastases of lung cancer: excessive toxicity of high dose VP 16 213. PMID- 3220089 TI - Standardization of symbols in clinical pharmacology. PMID- 3220090 TI - Lack of impairment of fluocortolone disposition in oral contraceptive users. AB - Seven healthy women chronically (greater than 6 months) treated with oral contraceptives and 7 age- and weight-matched female controls were studied. Each subject was given 20 mg fluocortolone orally and the plasma concentrations of total and unbound fluocortolone in multiple samples obtained during the following 24 h were determined by HPLC and equilibrium dialysis. In the subjects on oral contraceptives there was no significant change in total clearance, unbound clearance or volume of distribution at steady-state of total and unbound fluocortolone, but there was a significant increase in hydrocortisone concentration compared to the control subjects. It appears that the elimination of the synthetic corticoid fluocortolone was not impaired by chronic administration of contraceptive steroids. PMID- 3220091 TI - Pharmacokinetics of oxaprozin in women receiving conjugated estrogen. AB - The kinetics of a single 1200 mg oral dose of oxaprozin, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent of the propionic acid class, was studied in 22 healthy female volunteers aged 21 to 64 years. Eleven subjects had been taking a conjugated estrogen preparation for at least 3 months; the other 11 subjects served as control women who were not taking conjugated estrogens. Mean pharmacokinetic variables in control and conjugated estrogen groups were: volume of distribution, 15.1 vs 14.1 l; elimination half-life, 59.8 vs 54.2 h; clearance, 3.2 vs 3.1 ml/min; peak plasma concentration, 84.8 vs 90.7 micrograms/ml, respectively. None of the differences were significant. However, the time of peak concentration (8.9 vs 4.0 h) was significantly longer in the control group than in the conjugated estrogen group, respectively (p less than 0.05). Oxaprozin clearance, accomplished by a combination of oxidation and conjugation, is unimpaired by coadministration of conjugated estrogens. PMID- 3220093 TI - Urinary excretion of frusemide and its metabolites in a diabetic nephropathy patient. PMID- 3220094 TI - Flucloxacillin kinetics in newborn infants. PMID- 3220092 TI - Therapeutic doses of codeine have no effect on acetaminophen clearance or metabolism. AB - In nine healthy volunteers, the clearance and metabolism of acetaminophen 1000 mg i.v. was evaluated with and without two concomitant oral doses of codeine in order to investigate a possible interaction. Plasma acetaminophen was followed for 720 min and urine was collected for 24 h after each dose for determination of metabolites. When codeine was coadministered, the average total clearance of acetaminophen and its clearance by glucuronidation, sulphation and mercapturate formation were 0.58 to 1.12-times the control values. It is concluded that therapeutic doses of codeine do not influence the clearance or metabolism of acetaminophen. PMID- 3220095 TI - Influence of repeated administration of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of adinazolam in healthy subjects. AB - Adinazolam is a new triazolobenzodiazepine bearing an alkyl-amino side chain. A cross-over double-blind placebo controlled study was carried out in 12 healthy volunteers, in order to check the possible interaction between cimetidine and adinazolam after repeated co-administration. Cimetidine or placebo were given during 17 days. Beginning on Day 8 of each treatment, adinazolam was given in the increasing doses following sequence of doses for 3 days: 10 mg b.i.d., 20 mg b.i.d. and 20 mg t.i.d. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study was performed on the third day at each dose. A wash-out of three weeks was included between the two treatments. Cimetidine increased significantly the AUC values of both adinazolam and N-desmethyladinazolam, reduced the oral clearance of adinazolam, and prolonged adinazolam's half-life. The digit symbol substitution test was significantly affected at each dose level while the manual dexterity was marginally impaired by adinazolam plus cimetidine. Saftee-up interview and Clyde mood scale indicated an increased sedation under adinazolam plus cimetidine in four subjects. PMID- 3220096 TI - Lack of effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a single oral dose of metronidazole. AB - The time course of the effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole was investigated in 6 healthy volunteers. Cimetidine 1.0 g/day was administered for 9-days and metronidazole 500 mg was administered orally on the second and eighth days, and in a control experiment. During cimetidine treatment the plasma kinetics of metronidazole and its partial clearance by renal excretion of the unchanged compound, glucuronidation, hydroxylation and oxidation to its acetic acid metabolite were not significantly different from the control values. The results indicate that cimetidine does not influence the pharmacokinetics or metabolism of a single oral dose of metronidazole. PMID- 3220097 TI - Pharmacokinetics of bolus intravenous and oral doses of L-carnitine in healthy subjects. AB - The pharmacokinetics of single intravenous and oral doses of L-carnitine 2 and 6 g was studied in 6 healthy subjects on a low-carnitine diet. Carnitine was more rapidly eliminated from plasma after the 6 g dose. Comparing the doses, the t1/2 beta of the elimination phase (beta) was 6.5 h vs 3.9 h, the elimination constant 0.40 vs 0.50 h-1 and the plasma carnitine clearance was 5.4 vs 6.11.h-1 for the 2 g and 6 g doses, respectively, showing dose-related elimination. Saturable kinetics were not found. The apparent volumes of distribution after the two doses were not significantly different and were of the same order as the total body water. Urinary recoveries of the 2 g and 6 g doses were 70% and 82%, respectively, during the first 24 h. Following the oral doses, there was no significant difference between the areas under the plasma carnitine concentration time curves. Urinary recovery was 8% and 4% for the 2 g and 6 g doses during the first 24 h. Oral bioavailability was 16% for the 2 g dose and 5% for the 6 g dose. The results suggest that the mucosal absorption of carnitine was already saturated by the 2 g dose. PMID- 3220098 TI - Protective effect of tulobuterol on methacholine-induced bronchospasm in asthmatic children. AB - In a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial 19 asthmatic children aged 10-14 years were studied during a stable phase of the disease. All patients were tested with a methacholine inhalation test on two consecutive days, on the first day after oral administration of a placebo, and on the second day following an oral dose of tulobuterol HCl. The cumulative methacholine dose required to produce at least a 20% decrease in FEV1 was significantly higher after tulobuterol than after the placebo. It is concluded that tulobuterol HCl reduces methacholine induced bronchospasm in children. PMID- 3220099 TI - The diffusion of pirprofen into the cerebrospinal fluid in man. AB - We have measured the concentrations of pirprofen at various times in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, drawn during diagnostic myelography from 28 patients affected by sciatica. After intramuscular injection of 400 mg plasma concentrations of pirprofen reached a peak in 60 min then fell slowly. In contrast, the CSF concentration rose until 12 h and then fell. Pirprofen rapidly crossed the blood-brain barrier and was detectable in CSF at 15-30 min after injection. These results support the suggested hypothesis of a central analgesic action of pirprofen along with the known peripheral one. A new sensitive HPLC method was developed for measuring the concentration of pirprofen in the CSF. PMID- 3220100 TI - Accumulation of pinacidil N-oxide during chronic treatment with pinacidil. AB - The effects of acute and chronic administration of a slow-release preparation of pinacidil have been studied in eight normotensive volunteers aged 40-57 years. Continuous administration of 20 mg b.i.d. pinacidil had no effect on serum pinacidil concentrations measured as AUC (0-9 h), but accumulation of the principal metabolite, pinacidil pyridine-N-oxide was found to occur. There were no significant changes in erect and supine blood pressure and heart rate from the pretreatment levels on days 1,15 or 29. Chronic administration of pinacidil caused a significant increase in weight over the total period of study. There were also significant changes in mean sodium (+2.38 mmol/l) and alkaline phosphatase (+15.75 iU/l) from the start to the end of pinacidil therapy but values were within the normal ranges, except for one alkaline phosphatase. There were significant changes in the following haematological parameters over the period of pinacidil therapy; leukocytes (-1.49 x 10(9)/l), haemoglobin (-0.56 g/dl), MCH (-1.1 pg), MCHC (-1.22 g/dl), platelet MCV (-0.90 fl). PMID- 3220101 TI - Lactitol: gastrointestinal absorption and effect on blood lactate in healthy volunteers and patients with cirrhosis. AB - The gastrointestinal absorption of lactitol has been studied in 6 healthy volunteers and 8 patients with cirrhosis. Following administration of lactitol 0.5 g/kg, no lactitol was found in serum. The urinary excretion of lactitol over 24 h ranged from 0.1 to 1.4% of the administered dose (0.46% in cirrhotics and 0.35% in healthy volunteers). Blood D- and L-lactate and plasma glucose did not increase following lactitol. The data indicate that lactitol was poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in healthy volunteers and patients with cirrhosis, and that the disaccharide did not disturb glucose or lactate homeostasis. PMID- 3220102 TI - Activation of rat complement by soluble and insoluble rat IgA immune complexes. AB - The ability of rat monoclonal IgA, specific for 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNA), to activate the complement (C) system of the rat was investigated using aggregated IgA or IgA immune complexes (IC). IgA was coated onto a solid phase, and tested for its capacity to bind C3 upon incubation at 37 degrees C in normal rat serum (NRS) in the presence of Mg-EGTA. Binding of C3 was observed dependent on the dose of dimeric (d-), polymeric (p-) and secretory IgA tested. In contrast, little C3 fixation was observed in this system with monomeric (m-) rat IgA or with mouse m- and d-IgA (MOPC315). Soluble and insoluble rat IgA IC were prepared using dinitrophenylated rat serum albumin (DNP8RSA) as antigen (Ag), and assessed for C activation. It was shown that insoluble IC (immune precipitates; IP) containing m-, d- or pIgA of rat origin activate the alternative pathway of rat C, as demonstrated by their capacity to induce C consumption in NRS in the presence of Mg-EGTA. When p- and m-IgA IP were compared for their capacity to activate C, it was found that p-IgA activated C four times as efficiently as m IgA IP (at 2 mg/ml). Soluble rat IgA IC were prepared in an excess of DNP8RSA, fractionated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B, and analyzed for C activation and antibody (Ab)/Ag ratio. In contrast to m-IgA IP, soluble m-IgA did not activate C. On the other hand soluble d-IgA IC activated C dependent on their concentration and size: at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml high-molecular weight d IgA IC with a high Ab/Ag ratio were four times as efficient as low-molecular weight IC with a low Ab/Ag ratio, and twice as efficient as IP prepared at equivalence. To demonstrate the induction by IgA of the assembly of the terminal membrane attack complex, trinitrophenyl (TNP)-conjugated rat red blood cells (TNP RRBC) coated with d- or p-IgA were shown to be lysed in NRS in the presence of Mg EGTA. No lysis of m-IgA-coated TNP-RRBC was observed. The results in this study demonstrate that both soluble and insoluble rat IgA IC activate the alternative pathway of homologous rat C. Alternative pathway activation by soluble rate IgA IC is dependent on the size of the IC. The degree of polymerization of the IgA Ab itself also influences C activation. PMID- 3220103 TI - Human Ig superfamily CTLA-4 gene: chromosomal localization and identity of protein sequence between murine and human CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domains. AB - The mouse CTLA-4 gene has been shown to code for an activated lymphocyte associated sequence belonging to the Ig gene superfamily. We now report on the molecular cloning and study of the human corresponding gene isolated from a genomic library and designated Hu-CTLA-4. The Hu-CTLA-4 gene exists as a single copy per human haploid genome and maps to band q33 of chromosome 2. It comprises 3 exons notwithstanding the leader sequence. The first exon encodes a V-like domain of 116 amino acids, the second one a hydrophobic putative transmembrane region of 37 amino acids and the third one a 34 amino acid putative cytoplasmic domain. Whereas the overall homology between the human and murine CTLA-4 proteins is 76%, there is, remarkably, a complete identity of their cytoplasmic domains. This complete interspecies conservation comes in support of an important role for this domain in CTLA-4 function. PMID- 3220104 TI - Human IgG and IgA subclass response following immunization with a polyvalent Klebsiella capsular polysaccharide vaccine. AB - The human IgG and IgA response was determined after vaccination with an experimental 24-valent Klebsiella capsular polysaccharide vaccine. The majority of natural antibody acquired prior to immunization was found in the IgG1, IgG2 and IgA1 subclasses. The immune response to vaccination was concentrated within the IgG1, IgG2, IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses with greater than or equal to 70% of subjects responding with a significant (greater than or equal to fourfold) rise in titer. The IgG3 and IgG4 response was meager with few volunteers (0%-40%) showing a significant titer rise. Therefore, vaccination with Klebsiella capsular polysaccharide induces a vigorous IgG and IgA response in humans which is not restricted to single antibody class or subclass. PMID- 3220105 TI - The tumor progression-associated human melanoma antigen P3.58 mediates monocyte lymphocyte interactions in vitro. AB - The melanoma-associated antigen P3.58 is rarely found on benign proliferating melanocytes but is consistently expressed on advanced malignant melanomas which have a high probability of metastasis. Previous studies have shown that its expression on normal tissues is limited to vascular endothelia and lymphoid follicle germinal centers and that it is also expressed by activated monocytes in vitro. In the studies reported here, anti-P3.58 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were shown to partially inhibit antigen-specific and anti-CD3-induced T cell proliferation and to completely block a lymphocyte/monocyte clustering which occurs in the absence of added antigen. This inhibition is highly specific for P3.58 mAb and was not affected by mAb directed to major histocompatibility complex or T cell antigens. P3.58 therefore seems to be involved in an antigen independent attraction or adhesion of lymphocytes. P3.58 is the second example (HLA-DR being the first) of an association between the expression of an immune function-associated molecule and the development of metastatic disease in melanoma. PMID- 3220106 TI - Receptor mechanisms of nicotine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in chronic nicotine-treated rats. AB - Rats were pretreated with saline or nicotine (1.5 mg/kg per day) by subcutaneously implanting each animal with an Alzet osmotic mini-pump which continuously released saline or nicotine for 1, 5 and 14 days. At the end of each pretreatment period, animals were used for (i) determining their locomotor response to acutely injected nicotine (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) and (ii) measuring the density of L-[3H]nicotine and [3H]spiperone binding sites in the striatum. We observed no changes in nicotine-induced locomotor response, striatal L [3H]nicotine and [3H]spiperone binding in the animals pretreated with nicotine for 1 day. In rats which were pretreated with nicotine for 5 days, there was a significant increase in the nicotine-stimulated locomotor response which was associated with an increase in the number of L-[3H]nicotine binding sites and also with an elevated dopamine (DA) level in the striatum. The number of striatal [3H]spiperone binding sites was not affected. In animals pretreated with nicotine for 14 days, the nicotine-induced locomotor response remained to be potentiated. However, this response was correlated with an elevated number of striatal [3H]spiperone binding sites, whereas the number of striatal L-[3H]nicotine binding sites and the striatal DA level were normal. These results suggest that chronic nicotine-treated rats develop locomotor hyperactivity in response to nicotine initially due to increases of both the density of nicotinic receptors and DA concentration, followed by inducing DA receptor supersensitivity in the striatum. PMID- 3220107 TI - Propranolol inhibits accumulation of non-esterified fatty acids in the ischemic dog heart. AB - The effects of propranolol and d-propranolol on the accumulation of non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) induced by complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 90 min, were investigated in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. The myocardial levels of eight NEFA (lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids) were determined after fluorescent labelling of the NEFA with 9 anthryldiazomethane. LAD occlusion increased the myocardial levels of NEFA, especially those of arachidonic and palmitoleic acids; arachidonic acid increased by 3.5 times and palmitoleic acid by 2.9 times. Pretreatment with propranolol (1 mg/kg) inhibited almost completely the accumulation of NEFA induced by occlusion of the LAD, whereas pretreatment with d-propranolol (1 mg/kg) did not inhibit the accumulation of NEFA, although it tended to inhibit the accumulation of palmitoleic, stearic and arachidonic acids. These results suggest that the inhibitory action of propranolol on the accumulation of NEFA in the myocardium during ischemia is mainly due to its antagonistic effect at beta-adrenoceptors and probably partly due to its effect as a local anesthetic. PMID- 3220108 TI - Triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) potentiation of antidepressant-induced reversal of learned helplessness in rats. AB - The results of several clinical investigations have suggested that a special relationship exists between thyroid function and affective disorders and/or the therapeutic response to antidepressants. Animal studies have shown the possible beta-adrenergically mediated antidepressant-like properties of triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) in rodents. The present experiment showed (1) that the reversal by antidepressants (clomipramine or imipramine) of escape deficits produced by previous exposure to uncontrollable shock was significantly hastened in animals given TRIAC and (2) that L-penbutolol treatment prevented the elimination of helpless behavior induced by TRIAC, suggesting a beta-adrenergic mediation of the antidepressant activity of thyroid compounds. The study confirmed that learned helplessness might be a useful model for studying in animals the neurohormonal correlates of affective disorders and the neurobiochemical basis of the enhancement of the antidepressant action produced by thyroid compounds. PMID- 3220110 TI - Pertussis toxin differentially reduces the efficacy of opioids to produce supraspinal analgesia in the mouse. AB - The i.c.v. administration of 0.5 microgram pertussis toxin to mice led to a non competitive reduction (approximately 60 to 70%) of the supraspinal analgesia evoked by i.c.v. injection of ED90 doses of [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Met-(O)5-ol]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,Met5]enkephalinamide, [D-Ala2,D Leu5]enkephalin or [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, whereas the analgesic effect of ED90 doses of morphine, etorphine, beta-casomorphin-(1-4) amide or human beta endorphin was reduced to a lesser extent (about 20 to 30%). The co-administration of any of the opioids from the first group together with morphine resulted in antagonism of the effect elicited by the alkaloid. It is suggested that pertussis toxin treatment reduces differentially the efficacy displayed by various opioids when acting via mu receptors to produce supraspinal analgesia. PMID- 3220109 TI - Characterization of adenosine binding sites in bovine testicular tissue using 8 cyclopentyl-1,3-[3H]dipropylxanthine. AB - The existence of specific adenosine binding sites in bovine testicular tissue was evaluated using the novel antagonist radioligand 8-cyclopentyl-1,3 [3H]dipropylxanthine ([3H]DPCPX). Saturation analysis revealed specific binding that was saturable at approximately 1 nM. Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of binding sites with a KD = 0.26 nM and a Bmax = 0.37 pmol/mg protein. Affinity profiles suggest an A1 subtype recognition site that is different from the classical A1 adenosine receptor. The results presented should prove useful in subsequent studies concerning heterogeneity among adenosine receptors and also aid in discerning the role of adenosine in reproduction. PMID- 3220111 TI - Involvement of calcium in flavonoid analgesia. AB - Calcium has been reported to play a key role in opioid analgesia. Several flavonoids also elicit an analgesic effect through the opioid system. The involvement of calcium in the analgesic activity of these flavonoid compounds was now investigated. Calcium antagonised the analgesic action of flavonoids while nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, potentiated it. This suggests a possible role for calcium in the analgesic action of flavonoids as with that of morphine. PMID- 3220112 TI - Evidence that type A CCK receptors facilitate dopamine efflux in rat brain. PMID- 3220114 TI - Different immunological sensitizing regimens and airway responsiveness in vitro to contractile agonists in guinea-pigs. AB - Groups of guinea-pigs were sensitized to ovalbumin, using different regimens to induce either IgG-like antibodies or IgE-like and IgG-like antibodies and the responsiveness to histamine and carbachol in vitro of tracheal and lung parenchymal strips was determined. EC50 values for histamine and carbachol in both tracheal and lung parenchymal strips were not significantly different for either group of sensitized guinea-pigs or their respective controls. The maximal tension developed in parenchymal strips was not significantly different for either sensitized or control groups. For tracheal strips, maximal tension was not significantly different in each group except in animals with IgG-like antibodies, which developed less maximal tension with histamine than controls. The absence of any increase in maximal tension or any change in EC50 to histamine or to carbachol in tracheal or parenchymal strips from immunized guinea-pigs indicates that immunological sensitization does not increase the responsiveness of smooth muscle to these contractile agonists. PMID- 3220113 TI - Affinity and selectivity of biperiden enantiomers for muscarinic receptor subtypes. AB - The affinity of both the (+)- and the (-)-stereoisomer of biperiden for different muscarinic receptor subtypes was investigated in vitro in functional studies with field-stimulated rabbit vas deferens (M1-receptor), guinea-pig ileum (smooth muscle M2 beta-receptor) and rat left atrium (cardiac M2 alpha-receptor). (+) Biperiden had its highest affinity to M1-receptors (pA2 = 9.07), had low affinity to cardiac M2 alpha-receptors (pA2 = 7.25) and intermediate affinity to ileal M2 beta-receptors (pA2 = 8.27). The ability of (+)-biperiden to discriminate between ileal M2 beta- and cardiac M2 alpha-receptors (factor = 10) was similar to that of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP, factor = 9). In contrast, (-)-biperiden displayed low but nearly undistinguishable affinity for all muscarinic receptor subtypes studied (pA2 = 5.59 +/- 6.38). (+)-Biperiden discriminated strongly between M1- and cardiac M2 alpha-receptors (factor 66), thus being even more selective than pirenzepine (factor 28) which makes it one of the most M1-/cardiac M2 alpha-selective antimuscarinic drugs now available. These results indicate that (+)-biperiden could represent a further valuable tool for the characterization of muscarinic receptor subtypes. PMID- 3220115 TI - Cardiovascular effects of 1-methyl-4-(1-naphthylvinyl)piperidine hydrochloride. AB - 1-Methyl-4-(1-naphthylvinyl)piperidine (B-120) produced a dose related decrease in blood pressure in cats. B-120 did not alter the cardiovascular response to acetylcholine or vagal stimulation. It did not affect the response of the nictitating membrane to both pre- and post-ganglionic stimulation. In isolated cortical synaptosomes, B-120 decreased calcium flux below basal levels. Thus, the blockade of calcium channels appeared to be related to the production of hypotension and may be the mechanism by which B-120 protected against organophosphate toxicity. PMID- 3220116 TI - Prevention of ventricular fibrillation with magnesium sulfate. AB - Mongrel dogs with healed myocardial infarctions were given a 2 min coronary occlusion during an exercise test. The exercise plus ischemia test induced ventricular fibrillation in nine animals. One week later, the test was repeated after pretreatment with magnesium sulfate (100 mg/kg i.v.). Magnesium prevented ventricular fibrillation in seven of the nine animals without adverse side effects. Thus, magnesium may be useful in the management of ventricular fibrillation during ischemia. PMID- 3220117 TI - Decrease in analgesic effect of nifedipine following chronic morphine administration. AB - The analgesic effect of nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, was compared in the acetic acid-induced writhing test with control and morphine-tolerant mice. Nifedipine inhibited the writhing syndrome less effectively in mice made tolerant to morphine. The results support the notion that inhibition of the calcium influx is one of the causes of the analgesic action of morphine and that its chronic administration causes an increase of calcium entry. PMID- 3220118 TI - Repeated administration of HA-966 and haloperidol to rats: similar tolerance to striatal dopamine accumulation after HA-966 challenge, but dissimilar effects on striatal [3H]spiperone binding. AB - Repeated administration of 1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolidone-2 (HA-966) to rats induces tolerance, as shown by a decreased, drug-stimulated accumulation of dopamine (DA) in the striatum. In the present study we compared the adaptive response of the striatal dopaminergic system to repeated administration of HA-966 with the adaptive response observed after repeated haloperidol. These treatments deprive dopamine (DA) receptors from their agonist and cause a blockade of DA receptors, respectively. Tolerance to HA-966 was not accompanied by a change in the specific binding of [3H]spiperone to striatal membranes. This is in contrast to the well-documented up-regulation of DA receptors that occurs with tolerance to haloperidol. Repeated haloperidol pretreatment also diminished DA accumulation following a challenge dose of HA-966, to a similar extent as that caused by repeated pretreatment with HA-966. These similar effects of pretreatment with HA 966 or haloperidol on the response to the HA-966 challenge are in line with, and strengthen, the idea that an increased sensitivity of presynaptic DA receptors is responsible for the decreasing effect of HA-966 after its repeated administration. Haloperidol and HA-966 clearly have different effects on postsynaptic DA receptors, as is shown by their differential effects on striatal [3H]spiperone binding. PMID- 3220119 TI - Ergometrine--a partial agonist at 5-HT receptors in the uterus isolated from the oestrogen-primed rat. AB - The mechanism of action of ergometrine has been studied in isolated uterus from the oestrogen-primed non-pregnant rat. Ergometrine (30 nM-1 microM) induced spasm and was antagonised selectively by methysergide and ICI 169,369, a proposed competitive antagonist at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2) receptors. The pA2 values of ICI 169,369 against 5-HT and ergometrine were not significantly different. Ergometrine (0.1-10 microM) was also a selective antagonist of 5-HT with no effect against acetylcholine or potassium chloride. It is suggested that ergometrine is a partial agonist involving 5-HT receptors in rat uterus. PMID- 3220120 TI - Capsaicin pretreatment does not inhibit the opioid withdrawal response in guinea pigs. AB - The effects of capsaicin pretreatment on withdrawal responses of guinea-pig isolated ileum to [Met5]enkephalin (ME) and morphine and on the locomotor withdrawal response of guinea-pigs following a single dose of morphine, were investigated. In vitro treatment of ileum with capsaicin, 1.5 mumol/l for 1 h, did not significantly affect the response to washout following 2 min contact with ME, 1 mumol/l, or the withdrawal response precipitated by naloxone, 1 mumol/l, following 2 min contact with morphine, 1 mumol/l, or the response to naloxone of tolerant-dependent ileum obtained from guinea-pigs treated with a total dose of 690 mg/kg of morphine over 3 days. Pretreatment of guinea-pigs with capsaicin 140 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) over 4 days also did not affect the washout withdrawal response of the ileum to ME. Pretreatment of guinea-pigs with capsaicin did not affect the locomotor withdrawal response precipitated by naloxone hydrochloride 15 mg/kg s.c., 2 h after injection of morphine sulphate 15 mg/kg s.c. It was concluded that primary afferent neurones do not play an essential role in opioid withdrawal responses. PMID- 3220121 TI - The retina of the shovel-nosed ray, Rhinobatos batillum (Rhinobatidae): morphology and quantitative analysis of the ganglion, amacrine and bipolar cell populations. AB - A light microscopy study of the retina of the shovel-nosed ray, Rhinobatos batillum (Rhinobatidae) has revealed a duplex retina with a rod to cone ratio between 4:1 and 6:1. The inner nuclear layer consists of three layers of large horizontal cells, tightly packed, stellate bipolar cells, and up to three substrata of amacrine cells. The collaterals of the many supporting Muller cells project from the inner to the outer limiting membrane and divide the retina into many subunits. The cells of the ganglion cell layer are distributed into two layers, although a large proportion of ganglion cells are also displaced into the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers. Topographic analysis of the cells in the ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers reveals a number of regional specializations or "areae centrales". Ganglion cells were retrogradely-labelled with cobalt-lysine from the optic nerve, and three sub populations of neurons characterized on their soma size and position. Small (20 50 microns2), large (80-300 microns2) and giant (greater than 300 microns2) sub populations of ganglion cells each revealed distinct retinal specializations with peak densities of 3 x 10(3), 1.25 x 10(3) and 1.57 x 10(3) cells per mm2, respectively. Topographical comparison between Nissl-stained and retrogradely labelled ganglion cell populations have established that a maximum of 20% in the "area centralis", and 75% in unspecialized, peripheral regions of the retina are non-ganglion cells. Out of a total of 210,566 cells in the ganglion cell layer, 49% were found to be non-ganglion cells. Iso-density contour maps of amacrine and bipolar cell distributions also reveal some specializations. These cell concentrations lie in corresponding regions to areas of increased density in the large and giant ganglion cell populations, suggesting some functional association. PMID- 3220122 TI - The morphology of the retina and lens of the sandlance, Limnichthyes fasciatus (Creeiidae). AB - The sandlance, Limnichthyes fasciatus (Creeiidae), is a small teleost (30 mm in length), which lives beneath the sand. It has minute dorsally placed eyes (1.04 mm in diameter), which move independently of one another. The structure of the retina and lens was examined by both light and electron microscopy. A deep convexiclivate fovea lies on the visual axis of the eye, and regional increases in photoreceptor and ganglion cell densities occur within the area surrounding the foveal depression. The sandlance possesses a pure cone fovea, with a regular square mosaic of a single cone bordered by four equal double cones distributed over most of the retina. Rods are rare and are distinguishable from cones on ultrastructural morphology. A pigmented choriocapillaris extends behind the retina, closely apposing the retinal pigment epithelial cell layer and Bruch's membrane. Surrounding the optic nerve, and adjacent to the choriocapillaris, is a vascularised, horseshoe-shaped choroidal gland, or rete mirabile. A small system of vitreal blood vessels from the hyaloid artery near the optic nerve, supplies the large number of ganglion cells, arranged in up to five sub-laminae, within the ganglion cell layer. The retina is jacketed by an uveal argentea within the sclera. This argentea contains plates of guanine crystals, oriented with their flat surfaces approximately perpendicular to the incident light path, and discrete bundles of melanosomes apposing the sclera. A non-spherical lens, previously described only in deep-sea teleosts, was found, and its refractive properties are discussed in relation to the deep pit fovea. PMID- 3220123 TI - Involvement of retinal and extraretinal photoreceptors in the mediation of nocturnal locomotor activity rhythms in the catfish, Silurus asotus. AB - Retinal and extraretinal photoreceptor organs involved in synchronization of nocturnal locomotor activity under 12-h light:12-h dark cycle (LD12:12) were investigated in catfish, Silurus asotus. Catfishes studied were: (1) intact; (2) pinealectomized; (3) blinded; (4) blinded and pinealectomized; and (5) blinded, pinealectomized, with the brain region covered with aluminum foil. When the light intensity was reduced during the light phase of the LD cycle, the threshold for 24-h rhythmicity was determined, by observing the synchronization to the given LD cycle with periodograms. Intact catfish showed almost the same threshold intensity (in the order of 10(-3) microW/cm2) as that of either blinded or pinealectomized animals. This suggests that information is combined through both organs and is related to the 24-h rhythm of locomotor activity at lower intensities. However, the animal without the eye and pineal organ could display 24-h rhythmicity at intensities higher by approximately 3 log units than those of the animals described above. This indicates the existence of extraretinal and non pineal photoreceptors (ENPs), and the involvement of at least three types of photoreceptor in mediating nocturnal locomotor activity rhythms at higher intensities. One of the possible ENPs was assumed to be in the brain region. PMID- 3220124 TI - Intraspecific variability of the pulse-type discharges of the African electric fishes, Pollimyrus isidori and Petrocephalus bovei (Mormyridae, Teleostei), and their dependence on water conductivity. AB - The electric organ discharge (EOD) of the mormyrid Pollimyrus isidori is a short pulse with three phases: (1) weak head positive (P1); (2) strong head negative (N); (3) weak head positive (P2). 1. At a stable water conductivity (100 microS/cm), which is near the upper end of the natural range in tropical Africa, there was a statistically significant difference between the sexes only in one of five EOD parameters, the P-ratio. The P1-amplitude was lower than the P2 amplitude (i.e. P1/P2 less than 1) in males (N = 10), while, on average, the opposite (P1/P2 greater than 1) was true for females (N = 14). Because of wide overlapping we do not consider this sex difference to be a sexual dimorphism. The difference between males and females could be due to well-known biophysical and physiological reasons (discussed later) and need not be the result of intraspecific selection (such as female choice). 2. Water conductivity seriously affected the EOD waveform. The P-ratio decreased in 2/3 of our fish (16 out of 24), as conductivity increased from 5 to 200 microS/cm, causing 6 out of 14 females to change from a P-ratio of greater than 1 to a P-ratio of less than 1, becoming more "male-like". P1 amplitude increased with decreasing conductivity in the EODs of 5 out of 10 males to a more "female-like" shape (P-ratio greater than 1). The P-ratio changed only slightly when above a conductivity of 200 microS/cm. The N-wave duration increased with decreasing conductivity, while the peak amplitude frequency of an EOD amplitude spectrum decreased. 3. Long-term stability was found to be poor in the EOD of 1 female (better in 2 other fish), which changed from a "female-like" waveform (P-ratio greater than 1) to a "male like" waveform (P-ratio less than 1 over the whole conductivity range) without apparent reason within 120 days. 4. The EOD waveform of Petrocephalus bovei did not show a sex difference. Decreasing conductivity affected the EOD of P. bovei in a similar way to most P. isidori: the P1-wave increased and the P2-wave decreased, while the N-wave broadened strongly. 5. The occurrence of multiple discharges per primary neural command signal at very low conductivities, indicates that P. isidori is adapted to conductivities above 17 microS/cm, and P. bovei to those above 5 microS/cm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3220125 TI - Effects of hydrostatic pressure (HP = 101 ATA) on nucleotides and pyridine dinucleotides tissue contents in trout. AB - Tissue concentrations of energetic nucleotides and coenzymes, and oxygen consumption (MO2), have been measured in trout, exposed for 30 min in normoxic conditions (PwO2 congruent to 150 Torr), to 101 ATA (Atmosphere Absolute) of hydrostatic pressure (HP) and compared with results obtained at atmospheric pressure (1 ATA). The results show that in trout exposed to HP, there is an increase in MO2 accompanied by a decrease in ATP and energy charge (EC) in the three tissues explored (brain, liver, and muscle). Moreover, the fall of EC in muscle is accompanied by an increase in inosine 5' monophosphate (IMP). These results are in agreement with the hypothesis of an histotoxic hypoxia induced by HP, which can act at the Krebs cycle level and/or at the respiratory chain level, possibly by uncoupling the respiratory chain from oxidative phosphorylation processes. PMID- 3220126 TI - A study of barosensitivity in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla, L.): effects of arterial pressure changes on heart rate and ventilation. AB - A study of the effects of arterial pressure changes on heart rate and ventilation was carried out on the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). The anatomical characteristics of this fish enabled extracorporeal circulation in both the ventral and dorsal aorta to be set up. The pressure was changed mechanically, either by clamping external circulations or, in some cases, by modifying the frequency of a pulsatory pump placed in series with the heart, thus ensuring constant blood flows in the ventral aorta. The maximal pressure decreases obtained by clamping the external ventral aorta circulation (70%-80%) failed to induce significant changes in either heart rate or ventilation. An increase of arterial pressure up to about 50% of the control values did not induce bradycardia and ventilatory response. In the range of 50%-100% increase, a weak decrease of heart rate and slight hyperventilation were observed. Such a ventilatory response was contrary to the hypoventilation classically reported in mammals when systemic arterial pressure was increased, but similar to the hyperventilation observed when blood pressure was increased in the pulmonary arteries. The results emphasized functional analogies in regulation, originating from the circulatory bed, between the two highly compliant circulatory systems: fish circulation and pulmonary circulation of mammals. PMID- 3220128 TI - [Analysis of the correlation between hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, coefficient of diffusion and hydrogen ion concentration in a series of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs]. AB - A thorough investigation on the dependence of rate diffusion constants (Kd) of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on pH and pKa values was carried out. It is shown that a modified multiparametric curve-fitting technique may constitute an useful tool to describe the rate diffusion pH-profiles of ionogenic substances. A comparison between the Kd values and the corresponding distribution coefficients (log D) shows that these constants identify complementary parameters very useful in the study of structure-activity relationships of ionogenic substances. PMID- 3220127 TI - [Dihydro-5,6-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles, dihydro-2,3-imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles, analogs of levamisole]. AB - New compounds containing 5,6-dihydro imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and 2,3-dihydro imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazole rings, substituted by heterocycles analogue to chromones, were synthesized and screened against three nematodes, in vitro. The results indicate moderate anthelmintic properties, compared to levamisole; nevertheless, some products exhibit a significant degree of activity. PMID- 3220130 TI - Comprehensive cardiovascular community control programmes in Europe. PMID- 3220129 TI - [Synthesis and antifungal activity of new derivatives of 5-(4-halobenzoyl)-4 amino-3-(2-dialkylaminoethylthio)thieno [2,3-c] and [3,2-d] isothiazole]. AB - A new series of 5-(4-halobenzoyl)-4-amino-3-(2-dialkylamino-ethylthio)thieno [2,3 c] and [3,2-d] isothiazole derivatives has been synthetized. The compounds were evaluated for antifungal activity on yeast and dermatophytes. The compound (VI b) resulted about thirty times less potent than miconazole on dermatophytes. PMID- 3220131 TI - [Treatment and prevention of influenza]. PMID- 3220132 TI - [Arteriosclerosis obliterans of the vessels of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3220133 TI - [Treatment and prevention of cholelithiasis]. PMID- 3220134 TI - [Prevention of vascular diseases of the brain]. PMID- 3220135 TI - [The autonomic dystonia syndrome]. PMID- 3220136 TI - [Depression in the clinical picture of somatic diseases]. PMID- 3220137 TI - [Hyperthermia and the hyperthermic syndrome]. PMID- 3220138 TI - [The sociomedical consequences of drunkenness and alcoholism]. PMID- 3220139 TI - [Exacerbation of chronic pneumonia in a stenocardia patient]. PMID- 3220140 TI - [Torsion of the crus of an ovarian cyst]. PMID- 3220141 TI - Investigation of inorganic deposits in selected organic matrices. AB - Inorganic deposits in the wall of human and animal arteries and in experimental tumor (Morris hepatoma 7777) were examined using proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and PIXE in combination with proton microprobe (micro-PIXE) techniques. The sections adjacent to the irradiated ones part were submitted to histological investigations and one part of the material was additionally investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. For identification of mineral deposits, the micro PIXE method appeared the most sensitive. The mineral deposits were detected in the artery samples, even in those without visible morphological changes, as well as in tumor samples. The deposites showed different localization and composition, depending on age and type of vessel. There were also differences between human and animal arteries. IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of carbonate apatite within the artery samples from old individuals. Matching of histological observations with data obtained by micro-PIXE method allows a better correlation of morphological and analytical results. PMID- 3220142 TI - The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha and its analogues on progesterone, estradiol and androgen production by the cultured bovine luteal cells. AB - The effect of PGF2 alpha and its analogues on progesterone, estradiol and androgen production in cow corpus luteum in vitro was investigated. The cells derived from cow corpora lutea (CL) and collected in the early and middle luteal phases of the oestrus cycle were cultured as monolayers. The inhibitory effect was not apparent during the first 48 hr of culture, but appeared after this time and persisted through the remainder of the culture period. The direct luteolytic influence of PGF2 alpha was observed in the cultured cells and showed that this compound can act independently of the blood supply. PMID- 3220143 TI - Ultrastructural markers of renal tubular transport in rats under physiological conditions. AB - Mitochondria of the proximal and distal tubules which are in different configurational states of epithelial cells and their surface--volume relationship of intercellular spaces and basal infolded channels were evaluated in rats. The evaluation was performed with stereological methods. The studies were carried out on 5 rats under physiological conditions using electron microscopy. Mitochondria within the proximal and distal tubules were found to occur in transitional states close to the orthodox state. However, mitochondria within the proximal tubules were in a higher energy state, closer to the orthodox state when compared with those within the distal tubules. Surface--volume parameters of intercellular spaces and basal infolded channels were unexpectedly higher than the relation to active ion transport as well as indiscernible permeability of the distal tubular basement membrane. PMID- 3220144 TI - Ultrastructural markers of tubular transport within the rat nephron in experimental diabetes insipidus. AB - Using stereological methods mitochondrial energy states and intercellular spaces with basal infolded channels were evaluated in proximal and distal tubules in rats. The studies were performed on animals with experimental diabetes insipidus and on control rats by means of electron microscopy. No significant differences were found in mitochondrial energy states and sizes of intercellular spaces with basal infolded channels in the proximal tubules, which indicates undisturbed transport in this nephron segment. However, significant differences of these parameters were found in the distal tubules. In diabetes insipidus mitochondrial energy states approximated the condensed state, while in the control animals they were similar to the orthodox state. Intercellular spaces became significantly narrowed in diabetes insipidus in comparison with these in the controls. These observations suggest that mitochondrial energy states may be considered as ultrastructural markers of active tubular transport, while intercellular spaces with basal infolded channels may reflect ultrastructural counterparts of water transport. PMID- 3220145 TI - Ultrastructural and autoradiographic studies of non-generative cells in the antheridium of Chara vulgaris L. III. Shield cells. AB - Shield cells form the antheridium envelopes. At the first stage of spermatogenesis they grow intensively in the tangential direction, which is stopped during the period of spermatozoid differentiation. The increase in shield cell volumes is associated with the increase in DNA level in the nucleus up to 16 32 C. 3H thymidine incorporation occurs in about 30% of shields at younger developmental stages and lasts until the stage in which 16 celled antheridial filaments predominate. At first stage of spermatogenesis the intensity of 3H leucine incorporation increases as DNA amount in the nuclei increases, reaching the maximum value at the end of this period. During spermiogenesis it gradually decreases. Shield nuclei are characterized by low content of condensed chromatin, the presence of numerous nucleoli with nucleolonema-like structure as well as the occurrence of bands of intranuclear microtubules. It has been suggested that these microtubules are associated with cyclical changes in the shapes of nuclei. During DNA replication the nuclei have the form of flat discs which between successive endoreplication cycles become ring shaped. Peripheral zone of shield cells is compartmentalized through incomplete walls. They support the radial walls of shields increasing the contact surface of plasmalemma with a cell wall. During spermiogenesis the increase in plasmalemma surface results from the growth of shields in the radial direction. The shield cells contain plastids placed close to each other at the inner tangential wall. They are orange in colour and have fully formed system of grana and intergrana thylakoids, like the plastids of the thallus. The number and sizes of the plastoglobules increase as the anteridium develops. Dictiosomes are surrounded with numerous smooth and coated vesicles. Mitochondria exhibit poorly condensed structure. Microbodies adjoining the plastids are sporadically encountered. It has been assumed that changes in structural organization as well as growth character of shield cells constitute the factor regulating the exchange with external environment, determine light spectrum penetrating to the antheridium and the volume of antheridial space. PMID- 3220146 TI - Changes in nucleus, nucleolus and cell size accompanying somatic embryogenesis of Theobroma cacao L. I. Relationship between DNA and total protein content and size of nucleus, nucleolus and cell. AB - There was a linear relation between an increase in DNA content and size of nuclei, nucleoli and cells in callus and proembryos (Theobroma cacao L.). In callus the increase of DNA content was accompanied by proportional increase in nuclear size whereas in proembryos the increase in nuclear size did not match the increasing amount of DNA. The stimulation of embryogenesis by 10(-2) mg/l 2,4-D was associated with increase in nuclear and nucleolar size and with decrease in cell sizes. Inhibition of embryogenesis by 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D+10% coconut water did not change nuclear size, but increased cell size in relation to the control. The process of embryo formation was accompanied by changes in relationship between nuclear, nucleolar and cell size and the total (DNFB-stained) proteins content. In callus as well as in proembryo the increase in total protein content in nucleus was not equivalent to the increasing sizes of nuclei which leads to the decrease in nuclear protein concentration. Similar situation was observed for nucleoli. Differences were found in the concentration of cytoplasmic proteins between the callus and proembryo cells. The stimulation of embryogenesis by low concentration of 2,4-D resulted in decrease in concentration of total proteins in nuclei and nucleoli and the increase in cytoplasm. PMID- 3220147 TI - Effect of chloramphenicol on the activity of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1.) and the structure of microvilli of the epithelial cells of the small intestine of the hen. AB - Effect of a therapeutic dose of chloramphenicol (detreomycin) on the intensity of reaction of alkaline phosphatase and on the structure of microvilli of the epithelial cells of the small intestine of the hen was investigated. It was observed that this antibiotic given orally weakened the intensity of the reaction of alkaline phosphatase and changes also the shape of microvilli of intestinal epithelium. 4 weeks after chloramphenicol administration the activity of the enzyme appeared to be normal and the morphology restored. We concluded from the experiments performed, that chloraphenicol may inhibit the process of protein glycosylation in the enterocytes of the small intestine and also weakened reversible the process of absorption. PMID- 3220148 TI - Heavy metal action on the dry mass content and surface area of nuclei and cytoplasm during differentiation of cortex cells in pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots. AB - The cortex cells of pea roots (Pisum sativum L.) grown for 144 h in the presence of cadmium, chromium and lead at the concentration 10(-4) M were the object of the present studies. Applied metals reduced dry mass content and concentration of nuclei in meristematic and differentiation zones. Chromium only enhanced nuclear mass concentration in the differentiation zone. The metals also made dry mass content and concentration of cytoplasm reduce, but they diminished mostly the concentration of cytoplasm in the meristematic zone and its dry mass in differentiation zone. Stimulation of cytoplasmic dry mass concentration was visible in the 1st mm (Cr) and 7th mm (Cd). Moreover, chromium caused a marked increase of cytoplasmic dry mass content in the 3rd mm of root. The studied metals reduced nuclear size, calculated as surface area, in the meristematic and differentiation zones. The increment of nuclear dimensions was observed only in the 1-3rd mm (Pb), 3rd (Cr) and 7th mm (Cd). In the presence of the applied metals the surface area of cytoplasm increased only in the 3rd mm and in 5th mm (chromium only). The present observations have shown that the toxicity of studied metals is as follows; Cd greater than Pb greater than Cr (nucleus - dry mass content and concentration, cytoplasmic area), Pb greater than Cd greater than Cr (cytoplasmic dry mass content and concentration and Cd greater than Cr greater than Pb (nuclear dimensions). PMID- 3220149 TI - Computer simulated model of polycytidylic acid digestion by ribonuclease. PMID- 3220150 TI - [Studies on pulsatile secretion of thyrotropin and prolactin in hypogonadal women]. AB - Studies of normal human subjects have shown that prolactin (PRL) as well as thyrotropin (TSH) are secreted in pulsatile fashion. This study was designed to investigate whether or not these two hormones are secreted synchronously. Ten postmenopausal women who had had amenorrhea for at least 3 years and 2 women who had been ovariectomized 3 and 5 years before and were between 35 approximately 60 yr of age were studied. Blood samples were obtained between 1500 approximately 2000 h at 15 min intervals. Distinct pulsatile fluctuation of plasma TSH concentration was present in all subjects. However, only 31% of these pulses were observed to coincide with PRL pulses. The mean (+/- SD) increment of TSH (nadir to peak) was 1.2 +/- 0.5 mu u/ml. The mean interval between pulses of TSH was 73 min. In contrast, regular episodic fluctuation of plasma PRL concentration were present in only 5 out of 12 women, and 48% of these pulses were observed to coincide with TSH pulses. These results indicate that pulses of TSH and PRL are generated independently. Since thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) may be a direct generator of TSH pulse and a potent stimulator of PRL secretion, our results may suggest that physiological concentration of TRH in portal blood which is sufficient to elicit TSH pulse may be too low to elicit PRL pulse. PMID- 3220151 TI - [Studies on the effects of placental lactogen on calcium metabolism during pregnancy]. AB - In order to clarify the dynamics in maternal calcium metabolism during pregnancy, serum concentrations of ionized calcium, calcium regulating hormones and intestinal calcium absorption were measured in pregnant and hypophysectomized(HX) rats. Serum concentrations of ionized calcium decreased significantly late in pregnancy. Serum levels of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 (D3) increased late in pregnancy, however, those of parathyroid hormone (PTH) increased not significantly throughout pregnancy. Serum levels of calcitonin(CT) and intestinal calcium absorption increased as pregnancy progressed. Administration of human placental lactogen(hPL), bovine growth hormone(bGH) and ovine prolactin(oPRL) to the HX-rats remarkably enhanced intestinal calcium absorption. Serum concentrations of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 significantly increased by administration of bGH and hPL to the HX-rats, but they did not increase significantly by oPRL administration. These data suggest that 1) maternal intestinal calcium absorption might be increased by the action of increased serum 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and the maternal bone might be kept at the same density throughout pregnancy because serum CT protects the maternal skeleton by resisting the bone-resorption activities of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3; and 2) placental lactogen may play an important role on the increase of intestinal calcium absorption by stimulating the production of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 during pregnancy. From these results, it is considered that these alterations of calcium metabolism in the maternal side are the rational responses to supply Ca to the fetus and newborn for keeping their calcium homeostasis. PMID- 3220153 TI - [Abnormal regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion by serum calcium level in myotonic dystrophy]. AB - Although the presence of bone abnormalities has been well known in myotonic dystrophy (MyD), details about calcium metabolism in this condition remain unclear. We already reported that the intestinal calcium absorption is increased in MyD patients due to the elevation of plasma 1,25(OH)2D level. We also reported that serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels and Nephrogenous cyclic AMP (NcAMP) levels are increased in MyD patients. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of hyperparathyroid state in MyD patients. Intravenous calcium tolerance test was performed in 7 patients with MyD and 7 control subjects, 3 patients with other neuromuscular disorder and 4 healthy subjects. Calcium was infused stepwise at the concentration of 0, 104.7, 194.9 and 235.5mg every hour. The basal plasma calcium levels were significantly higher in MyD (9.79 +/- 0.27 mg/dl, Mean +/- SD) as compared with control subjects (9.50 +/- 0.19; p less than 0.05). Basal serum iPTH levels were also significantly higher in MyD (514.0 +/- 188.9 pg/ml) than those in control subjects (333.7 +/- 113.5; p less than 0.05). After calcium infusion, serum calcium levels were increased in both groups, but the levels of serum calcium remained significantly higher in MyD than those in control subjects. On the other hand, urinary calcium excretion levels were not different between the two groups. At the same time, %TRP and calcium clearance were significantly lower in MyD than control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220152 TI - [Aldosterone metabolites in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - Several aldosterone metabolites are now known to possess some mineralocorticoid activities. In order to test the hypothesis that these metabolites could contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension, we studied the aldosterone metabolism in SHR in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiment, male SHR and WKY rats of 4 and 15 weeks of age were used. The microsome, cytosol and heavy mitochondria fractions from liver and kidney were isolated by ultracentrifuge. 10mg protein/ml of each subcellular fraction was incubated with 3H-aldosterone in Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.4 containing NADPH, glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and G-6-P dehydrogenase as described by Morris, D.J. et al. (Hypertension, 5 (suppl. I]: I 35-I-40, 1983.). Aldosterone and its metabolites synthesized were extracted with Sep-pak C18 cartridges and separated by HPLC on a reverse phase column. In vivo experiments, the urine of male SHR and WKY rats of 15 weeks old injected 10 microCi 3H-aldosterone intraperitoneally was collected for 48 hours, extracted and analyzed by HPLC. Peaks of steroids from SHR were compared with those from WKY. Incubation of aldosterone with liver microsomes yielded at least 10 polar and 3 less polar metabolites (A-ring reduced metabolites). SHR liver microsomes synthesized larger amounts of 3 polar metabolites than WKY liver microsomes. Liver cytosol, liver heavy mitochondria and kidney subcellular fractions mainly synthesized less polar metabolites, but failed to synthesize as much polar metabolites as liver microsomes. Kidney microsomes and cytosol from 4 weeks old SHR synthesized larger amounts of less polar metabolites compared to those from WKY. In vivo experiment, SHR of 15 weeks of age excreted larger amounts of 2 polar metabolites than WKY. The present study suggests that the difference of metabolism of aldosterone between SHR and WKY observed from an early stage in the liver and the target organ, kidney, may be associated with hypertension or its causative factors, and confirms that aldosterone will be metabolized to several polar and less polar forms by rat liver and kidney subcellular fractions. PMID- 3220154 TI - [Plasma normetanephrine and metanephrine levels and their relationship to norepinephrine and epinephrine]. AB - To study the relation of normetanephrine (NM) and metanephrine (M) to norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E), plasma free NM (f-NM), free M (f-M), total NM (t-NM) and total M (t-M) were measured in normal subjects and patients with pheochromocytoma (PHEO), neuroblastoma, Cushing's syndrome, primary aldosteronism and chronic renal failure (CRF) by radioimmunoassay. Plasma f-NE and E were measured by radioenzymatic assay. Both f- and t-NM were high in PHEO, neuroblastoma and CRF. f- and t-M were also high in some patients with PHEO and CRF. Positive correlation was observed not only in f-NE with f-NM and t-NM, but also in f-E with f-M and t-M except for CRF. Although upright posture induced an elevation in f-NE and f-NM, t-NM was unchanged in normal subjects. In patients with PHEO, metoclopramide induced a prompt elevation in f-NE and E but no-change in t-NM and M levels. f-NE, f-E, f-NM, t-NM, f-M and t-M decreased rapidly after the resection of PHEO and reached the normal level on the third day after the surgery. In CRF patients, f-NM, t-NM, f-M and t-M decreased after hemodialysis despite an increase of f-NE. From these results, it was suggested that plasma NM and M levels reflected plasma NE and E to a certain extent in normal subjects and patients with normal renal function, and that the impaired renal function provoked an elevation of plasma NM and M due to the accumulation of them. PMID- 3220155 TI - [A case of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome associated with hypokalemic myopathy]. AB - A case of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome associated with hypokalemic myopathy was presented. A 37-year-old housewife was admitted to our hospital because of muscle cramps with muscle weakness and tetany. There was a history of facial edema and constipation, which have been managed with "Kanpo medicine (Chinese medicine)" and laxatives for several years. The patient was amenorrhea 3 months before entry. She began to experience muscle weakness and muscle cramps associated with gait disturbance 2 or 3 months before admission. On physical examination, she was thin with positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs. Laboratory studies revealed hypokalemia, low urinary excretion of potassium, hypocalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK), increased levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration, and decreased sensitivity to pressor effect of angiotensin II. Potassium supplementation resulted in restoration of her symptoms and normalization of low serum calcium and elevated CPK levels. She was diagnosed to be pseudo-Bartter's syndrome due to anorexia nervosa. The mechanism(s) of hypokalemia in our case was discussed. PMID- 3220157 TI - Public health services in Delaware. PMID- 3220156 TI - [A study of non-aromatizing androgen 19-hydroxylase in sheep adrenal]. AB - We reported on the unusually high isotope effect of non-aromatizing androgen 19 hydroxylase in sheep and dog adrenals and the validity of the [3H] water method using [19-3H3] androgen. We have extended the study to examine whether this 19 hydroxylation is catalyzed by a cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme. Sheep adrenal homogenate (1.65 mg prot.) was incubated in the presence of NADPH (5.6mM) with [19-3H3, 4-14C]-androstenedione (A) (3.2 microM, 8.24 x 10(4) dpm 3H/micrograms, 3H/14C = 17.2) in a total of 1.2 ml PO4 buffer under air at pH 7.4 for 2, 5 and 10 min. [19-3H2, 4-14C]-19-hydroxy-A (19-OHA) with added carrier was purified through extraction, TLC, acetylation to form 19-AcOA, and further TLC to give 19 hydroxylase activity as assessed by the product isolation method. Simultaneously, the [3H] water was measured by distillation, and with correction by the apparent kinetic isotope effect (KH/KT = 11.8), used for assessment of 19-hydroxylase activity. The effects on the hydroxylation by cofactor (NADPH, NADH), incubation atmosphere (N2, CO/O2), cytochrome P-450 inhibitors (metyrapone, clotrimazole) and heating were measured by both methods. Compared to the complete system (89.6pmol/min/mg as 100%), carbon monoxide suppressed 15.8, 59.3 and 86.4% of the 19-hydroxylation when a CO/O2 ratio of 0.1, 1 and 9 was used, respectively. Replacement to nitrogen atmosphere decreased the activity by 93.8%. Replacement of NADPH with NADH (7.5mM) caused more than a 92.1% decrease in activity. Metyrapone at 50 and 200 microM and and clotrimazole at 2.5 and 10 microM suppressed the activity by 82.8, 90.4, 85.4 and 94.9%, respectively. A larger scale sheep adrenal incubation of A (250 microM) under 18O2 atmosphere and isolation of 19-AcOA were carried out in a similar manner. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of the purified product showed 48.5% of the product to be 18O-labeled as [M+ + 2], m/e 346. Thus, the non-aromatizing androgen 19 hydroxylase requires NADPH and molecular oxygen. It is strongly inhibited by carbon monoxide and cytochrome P-450 inhibitors. These results indicate that the enzyme system responsible for non-aromatizing androgen 19-hydroxylase in adrenal is a cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase. PMID- 3220158 TI - The Delaware State Tumor Registry. PMID- 3220159 TI - "In Touch" telephone message system for teenagers. PMID- 3220160 TI - Public health nutrition: helping individuals, serving communities. PMID- 3220162 TI - Delaware's Bureau of Environmental Health. PMID- 3220161 TI - Psychological services as an integral component of Delaware's public health program. PMID- 3220163 TI - Regulating health care. PMID- 3220164 TI - The public health nurse: caregiver, teacher, detective, friend. PMID- 3220165 TI - Computerized health risk appraisal: a useful tool for the clinical setting, too. PMID- 3220166 TI - Genetics services in Delaware. PMID- 3220167 TI - New laws and their importance to disease prevention. PMID- 3220168 TI - New birth and death certificates. PMID- 3220169 TI - Delaware statewide adolescent health study--1987. PMID- 3220171 TI - Miraculous cures in gynaecology. AB - As a gynaecologist-oncologist one will quite often have been confronted with patients who have informed one of fairly impressive results of methods of alternative medicine. These convincing stories must have been impressive. Very often one may wonder about these 'cures'. There are, however, patients who give quite accurate and detailed reports, thereby surprising one that such cures were achieved by non-regular treatment. Because of such stories, one will probably start wondering what there is between heaven and earth that conventional medical science does not know of. Now we should certainly not preclude that there may be therapeutic possibilities that are not yet rationally explicable; on the other hand one should be armed when forming an opinion. It is necessary to realise that there may be quite different explanations for miraculous results that alternative therapies may have in cures. PMID- 3220170 TI - Smoking in Delaware: economic costs and deaths attributable to cigarette smoking in the state, 1985. PMID- 3220172 TI - PAP class III A: a 'proliferating' problem in cervical cytology. PMID- 3220173 TI - Gynecology and pathology: the need for an intimate partnership. PMID- 3220174 TI - Pancreatic and biliary excretion of camostat in dogs. AB - It has been reported that camostat (Foy-305), a synthetic proteinase inhibitor, is excreted into the biliary-pancreatic juice in rats. To confirm whether camostat is excreted into bile or pancreatic juice, camostat (5 mg/kg/h) was given intravenously to dogs with pancreatic or biliary fistulae. Camostat and its active metabolite (Foy-251) in bile and pancreatic juice were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by their trypsin-inhibitory activity. Camostat did not alter the exocrine pancreatic secretion of fluid, bicarbonate, protein or trypsin stimulated by secretin (1 Crick-Harper-Raper unit/kg/h) and cerulein (50 ng/kg/h). Camostat and its active metabolite were detected in bile by HPLC and trypsin-inhibitory activity (the mean excretion rate was 1.3% of the intravenous dose of camostat), but they were not detectable in pancreatic juice. In conclusion, camostat and its active metabolite were excreted into bile but not into pancreatic juice. PMID- 3220175 TI - Direct effects of cholecystokinin on human gastric motility. AB - For a precise analysis of the cholecystokinin (CCK 8) effects on human stomach, we dissected strips of longitudinal and circular muscle from the fundus, corpus and antrum, and circular muscle from the inner and outer pyloric sphincter and duodenum. Specimens were taken during gastrectomy and from stomachs of kidney donors. Mechanical activity was simultaneously recorded under auxotonic conditions. After CCK 8 application, the following effects were observed: (1) direct excitatory effects of CCK 8 with great regional variations in quality and intensity; (2) increases in amplitude of phasic contractions in the outer plyorus and longitudinal antrum (in the other types of preparations the effects were negligible; (3) increases in tonic activity in preparations of the proximal stomach and in strips of longitudinal muscle form the antrum, and (4) remarkable interindividual differences, with negligible responses in one third of the 24 human stomachs examined. PMID- 3220176 TI - Duodenal ulcers induced by indomethacin plus histamine in the dog. Involvement of the impaired duodenal alkaline secretion in their pathogenesis. AB - Mongrel dogs of either sex, weighing 14.0 +/- 0.7 kg, were given indomethacin orally in a dose of 70 mg/dog, and they were deprived of food thereafter. Twelve hours later, the animals were given histamine-2HCl intramuscularly 4 times every hour in a dose of 40 or 80 micrograms/kg. Indomethacin followed by histamine treatment produced well-defined ulcers in the proximal duodenum within 18 h with a few lesions in the stomach, although either of these agents alone did not induce any damage in the mucosa. Both the severity and incidence of the duodenal lesions were increased dose-dependently by histamine; the lesion index was 38.8 +/- 8.4 mm2 (n = 7) with an incidence of 100% at the dose of 80 micrograms/kg of histamine. The duodenal lesions mostly consisted of 2-4 round or elongated lesions which penetrated to the muscularis mucosae in some cases (42.8%). Histamine caused a marked increase in acid secretion in dogs with a vagally innervated total pouch, while indomethacin significantly inhibited the increased alkaline secretion caused by acid (50 mM HCl for 10 min) in the duodenal pouch (10 cm distal to the pylorus). Both cimetidine (20 mg/kg) and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (3 micrograms/kg), given subcutaneously, prevented these lesions in the duodenum as well as in the stomach by inhibiting acid secretion and/or increasing duodenal alkaline secretion. These results suggest that (a) indomethacin consistently produced ulcers in the duodenum of the dog when acid hypersecretion was induced by histamine, and (b) an impaired duodenal alkaline secretion may be an important pathogenetic element in this model. PMID- 3220177 TI - The 30-minute aminopyrine breath test: optimization of sampling times after intravenous administration of 14C-aminopyrine. AB - In a retrospective analysis of 78 well-defined patients, the procedure of the aminopyrine breath test was evaluated. After intravenous administration of 14C aminopyrine (1.5 microCi, 1 mg) 14CO2 was sampled at 15-min intervals for 1 h. Samples taken at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min were similarly able to distinguish between patients with mild liver disease and patients with enzyme induction. The results of the aminopyrine breath test at each sampling time were highly correlated with the galactose elimination capacity and the fractional clearance of indocyanine green. It is concluded that sampling at 30 min represents a satisfactory compromise between practicality and accuracy of the test. PMID- 3220178 TI - Protection of gastric surface epithelial cells of rats by 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 and sofalcone, a synthetic flavonoid derivative of sophoradin, against ethanol. AB - We studied the effects of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dm-PGE2) and sofalcone, a new antiulcer agent developed in Japan, on ethanol damage to isolated surface epithelial cells (SEC) in vitro and gastric mucosa of rats in vivo. Rats were given 5 micrograms/kg dm-PGE2, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg sofalcone, or the vehicle, intraperitoneally. In the in vitro study, damage of the SEC isolated from rats given dm-PGE2 or sofalcone was significantly less after exposure to 15% ethanol than for the SEC from the control rats. In the in vivo study, the 15% ethanol did not induce gross visible damage, but did cause surface epithelial damage in the control rats as judged by scanning electron microscopy. This damage was inhibited by dm-PGE2 or sofalcone. Damage from absolute ethanol was inhibited by both of the agents as judged by the gross appearance, but the surface epithelium was damaged in all rats. We concluded that dm-PGE2 and sofalcone protect gastric mucosa from gross damage caused by absolute ethanol, and protect SEC both in vivo and in vitro from being damaged by ethanol when the concentration of ethanol is 15%. PMID- 3220179 TI - Sucralfate is protective against indomethacin-induced intestinal ulceration in the rat. AB - The therapeutic effects of sucralfate on ulcerated gastric and duodenal mucosa is well known. There is, however, very little information about its effect on the mucosa of the small intestine. We studied the possible protective effect of sucralfate against indomethacin-induced intestinal ulceration in the rat. Sucralfate was found to possess a marked protective effect on the intestinal mucosa (ulcer index 23.16 +/- 6.58 vs. 225 +/- 36.37; p less than 0.001). Sucralfate elevated basal mucosal prostaglandin E2 generation (p less than 0.001), and partially overcame the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis caused by indomethacin (p less than 0.03), but had no effect on mucosal cAMP level. The effect of sucralfate on prostaglandin E2 content might partially explain its protective effect on the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 3220180 TI - Duodenal toxicity of dietary Phaseolus vulgaris lectins in the rat: an integrative assay. AB - It is now generally admitted that phytohemagglutinin (PHA) constitutes the main factor responsible for the dietary toxicity of raw kidney beans. In the growing rat, an impairment of growth is the unique expression of a malnutrition syndrome. The aim of this work was to precise to what extent the intestinal injuries may account for this malnutrition. PHA was administered for 9 days to growing rats at levels ranging from 0.0025 to 0.25% of food dry matter. One group of controls was fed ad libitum and other groups were restrained. In such conditions, PHA reduced the food intake when offered at a level higher than 0.04% as a linear function of the logarithm of lectin rate. Intestinal injuries were also dose-dependent: blebbing of microvilli and loss of alkaline phosphatase occurred at the smallest dose of PHA, cell loss occurred at higher doses. A compensatory hyperplasia was observed as a consequence of both intestinal injury and reduced food intake. Our main results are that, whatever may be the damages caused to the duodenal mucosa, the observed growth impairment was quasi-totally imputable to the reduction of food intake. PMID- 3220182 TI - Comment on "Digital filtering of auditory evoked potentials". PMID- 3220181 TI - Metabolic and nutritional parameters in patients after colonic polypectomy. AB - Breath methane and hydrogen, plasma acetate, serum selenium, vitamin A and beta carotene were measured in 47 patients from whom colonic polyps had been removed by endoscopic polypectomy between 3 months and 2 years previously. Patients were compared with 39 control subjects in whom no abnormality was detected during colonoscopy. The proportion of methane exhalers was significantly (p less than 0.0005) higher in patients after polypectomy (66.0%) than in controls (28.2%). Mean plasma acetate was lower (p less than 0.025) in post-polypectomy patients (70.5 microM) than in control subjects (97.1 microM) while breath hydrogen was similar in both groups. The serum concentrations of the antioxidants selenium and beta-carotene showed no differences between the groups whereas vitamin A was higher (p less than 0.01) in serum samples of patients after polypectomy than of controls. These findings indicate that the colonic environment in post polypectomy patients exhibits certain characteristics which may be related to the formation of benign tumors and possibly colon cancer. PMID- 3220183 TI - Perception of speech pattern contrasts from auditory presentation of voice fundamental frequency. AB - The perception of phonologically significant speech pattern contrasts was measured in normally hearing subjects who were presented with F0 contours alone, speechreading alone, and the two in combination. For the suprasegmentals and final consonant voicing, perception in the combined condition was dominated by F0. For the vowel, consonant place, and final consonant continuance contrasts, perception in the combined condition was dominated by vision. For initial consonant voicing and continuance, however, there was clear evidence of interaction between F0 and speechreading. Here, the combined score was higher than either of the single-modality scores, and also higher than could be predicted on the assumption that the auditory and visual channels act as statistically independent channels of information. PMID- 3220184 TI - Perception of frequency contours via temporal and spatial tactile transforms. AB - Two tactile coding schemes of voice fundamental frequency were compared in terms of the detection of terminal frequency changes in simple syllable-like frequency contours. The coding schemes were: (1) temporal, single-channel--in which input frequency is represented as rate of vibration; and, (2) spatial, multichannel--in which input frequency is represented as location of vibration. An adaptive, three interval, forced choice oddity procedure was used. The temporal, single-channel coding scheme provided a frequency resolution between 0.2 and 0.3 octaves at the fingertip. The spatial, multichannel scheme provided a spatial resolution, on the forearm, of 1-channel, which, for this 16-channel display, translates into a frequency resolution of 0.14 octaves. More learning was required with the temporal, single-channel coding scheme, than with the spatial, multichannel scheme. PMID- 3220185 TI - Tactile presentation of voice fundamental frequency as an aid to the perception of speech pattern contrasts. AB - The perception of initial consonant voicing, final consonant voicing, pitch change, and word stress, was measured in six normal subjects, by speechreading alone, by tactile transmission of fundamental voice frequency alone, and by the two in combination. Two tactile displays were used: a single-channel (temporal) display and a 16-channel (spatial) display. By speechreading alone, all contrasts except initial consonant voicing were partially perceptible. By both tactile aids alone, all four contrasts were partially perceptable. The addition of tactile input to speechreading provided better performance than that obtained by speechreading alone. The multichannel display was found to be significantly more effective than the single-channel for perception of pitch rise/fall only. PMID- 3220186 TI - Tactile presentation of voice fundamental frequency as an aid to the speechreading of sentences. AB - In two experiments, the perception of words in sentences was measured by speechreading with and without tactile presentation of voice fundamental frequency (F0). The first experiment involved normally hearing subjects and two kinds of tactile display of F0: (1) a spatial, multichannel display; and (2) a temporal, single-channel display. Mean performance with the tactile displays was found to be slightly, but significantly, better than speechreading alone, but no significant difference was found between the two displays. The second experiment involved hearing-impaired subjects and only the spatial, multi-channel display of F0. For all three subjects, after extended training, speechreading performance was significantly better with the addition of the tactile display than by speechreading alone. The improvement amounted to reductions of word recognition error of 24, 33, and 50% in the three subjects. PMID- 3220187 TI - A wearable multichannel tactile display of voice fundamental frequency. AB - This paper describes a wearable sensory aid that provides the deaf with tactually encoded information about intonation. Fundamental frequency is represented as both place and rate of vibration in a linear array of solenoids. Pitch extraction is accomplished through low-pass filtering and peak detection. A microcomputer is used to measure pitch period, which in turn determines which of the solenoids is actuated. By comparing consecutive periods, the system discriminates against random, noise-related inputs. The device is switchable between 1-, 8-, and 16 channel operation. The electronics package is contained in a case that may be worn on a belt. The solenoid array is worn on the forearm. The system is powered by five, rechargeable lithium cells and runs for at least 6 hours between charges. Proposed developments include the incorporation of digital pitch extraction methods and the option to use the spatial output dimension to encode speech parameters other than fundamental frequency. PMID- 3220188 TI - A campus of care meets a range of needs. PMID- 3220189 TI - In praise of Theory Z: management by consensus. PMID- 3220190 TI - Clerical/secretarial education: a joint venture. PMID- 3220191 TI - Management interns broaden their skills. PMID- 3220192 TI - Nursing staff response to a facility's relocation. AB - RESPONSE RATE--approximately 200 questionnaires were distributed and 101 were returned and collated. The response rate was 51 percent. ORIENTATION--the results were as follows: 89 percent of staff surveyed attended orientation; many staff took more than one tour (55.6 percent had two or more), which may be an important factor in adjustment; 75.2 percent indicated tht orientation was relevant, and those who did not recommended more specific unit orientation; and 31 percent said there was too much information and perhaps this should be examined in future orientation programs. OMISSIONS--many commented that specific, hands-on orientation to the equipment such as telephones and the call system would have been beneficial, as well as orientation to their own specific unit. Smaller orientation groups would also seem to be warranted in light of this information. COMMUNICATION CONCERNING THE MOVE--approximately 79 percent of the staff attended at least one staff meeting prior to the move, and 78 percent knew of the moving schedule. However, subsequent (and frequent) changes in this schedule were mentioned as a source of frustration. About 13 percent indicated a need for more staff input into the move and would suggest more open forums or discussion groups to solicit input as a way of increasing staff participation and commitment to the move. A need for frequent, reliable written communication was mentioned frequently as misinformation or word-of-mouth information led to unnecessary frustrations. It is interesting to note that approximately 80 percent of respondents had no suggestions to improve communication, and it is difficult to know whether this may indicate satisfaction with communication mechanisms or a lack of ideas on how to improve the situation. SENSE OF PREPAREDNESS FOR THE MOVE -80.4 percent gave a high rating to indicate how prepared they felt regarding the move, which is really very positive. PROBLEMS ADJUSTING TO NEW ENVIRONMENT--most of the responses (48%) related to problems with communication systems, particularly the phone system, problems with the phone listing book and lack of directional signs. Suggestions for facilitating adjustment closely followed the above responses in that more and better signs, and more effective means for directing staff, patients and visitors, were frequently cited. CURRENT FRUSTRATIONS--respondents were asked to detail ongoing and current frustrations. Environmental concerns such as excessively dry air and the cleanliness of the building were noted and earmarked for further investigation. It is worthy of note that concerns relating to nurse staffing were mentioned very infrequently both during and after the move. PMID- 3220193 TI - Preparing presentations: how to make yours a hit (Part 1). PMID- 3220194 TI - Chairman's message. PMID- 3220195 TI - The second International Workshop on the Standardisation of Insulin Autoantibody (IAA) measurement. Held in New York, 27-30 October 1987. PMID- 3220196 TI - 24th annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Paris, France, 5-8 September 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3220197 TI - Reduced negative surface charge on arterial endothelium of diabetic rats. AB - Cationized ferritin binding was used to measure negative surface charge on endothelium of large arteries in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and normal control rats. The negative charge was significantly lower in the diabetic animals (p less than 0.01). This change, possibly related to glycosylation, may lead to altered vascular permeability and may be of importance in the vascular pathology of diabetes. PMID- 3220199 TI - Loss of Ia-positive epidermal Langerhans cells at the onset of type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. AB - Immunocompetent antigen-presenting Langerhans cells were investigated in skin biopsies of 20 short-term Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and compared with 17 matched normal control subjects. Langerhans cells in epidermal sheet preparations were visualized with a monoclonal anti-HLA DR antibody using indirect immunofluorescence. A significant decrease of Langerhans cells/mm2 body surface area was found in 10 patients immediately at the onset of diabetes compared to 10 patients with 6 months duration of diabetes and to normal control subjects (401 +/- 30 vs 559 +/- 43 vs 611 +/- 33, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.002). There was no significant difference in the number of Langerhans cells between patients with 6 months duration of diabetes and control subjects. Examination of the most likely precursor of Langerhans cells, the blood monocytes, indicated an increase of monocyte counts in Type 1 diabetic patients after 6 months duration (344 +/- 37 cells/microliters vs 191 +/- 31 in control subjects, p less than 0.05) and an inverse correlation between the number of Langerhans cells in skin with the number of monocytes in peripheral blood (at onset: r = -0.73, p less than 0.01, after 6 months of diabetes: r = -0.61, p less than 0.05). In addition, a positive correlation between Langerhans cells and daily insulin dose was noted in patients after 6 months of diabetes (r = 0.76, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220198 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of serum glycated albumin. AB - A method for determination of serum glycated albumin by high-performance liquid chromatography is presented. The system involves anion exchange chromatography to separate albumin and consecutive boronate affinity chromatography to separate glycated and nonglycated albumin. The method is rapid (20 min), precise (coefficient of variation, 0.7-4.9%), requires only a small sample (5 microliters), and can be automated. Assay of glycated albumin by this method is not influenced by the protein concentration of the sample or the presence of glucose. The variation in glycated albumin values in consecutive samples obtained within a day from diabetic patients (coefficient of variation, 2.02 +/- 0.65%) was significantly smaller (p less than 0.001) than that of values for fructosamine (coefficient of variation, 4.33 +/- 2.0%). The values of glycated albumin in normal subjects (20.2 +/- 1.6%) were clearly less than those in diabetic patients [39.6 +/- 5.4% in 40 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and 39.4 +/- 5.9% in 25 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) patients]. The serum glycated albumin level was well correlated with HbA1c in 65 diabetic patients (r = 0.60). Because the life span of albumin in the circulation is short, measurement of glycated albumin should be useful as a short-term index of glycaemic control. PMID- 3220200 TI - Subchronic toxicity of inhaled technical grade 1,3-dichloropropene in rats and mice. AB - In order to provide a comprehensive subchronic inhalation toxicity study of the soil fumigant, technical grade 1,3-dichloropropene (DCPT), male and female Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 10, 30, 90, or 150 ppm DCPT vapors 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks. The primary target tissues of inhaled DCPT were identified as the nasal mucosa of both sexes of rats and mice, and the urinary bladder of female mice. In addition, depressed growth rates of all animals exposed to 90 or 150 ppm DCPT (up to 20% in rats and 12% in mice) resulted in a variety of alterations in hematologic and clinical chemistry parameters, and changes in organ weights relative to controls. Nasal mucosal effects consisted of a dose-related slight degenerative effect of nasal olfactory epithelium or a mild hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium or both in all animals exposed to 90 or 150 ppm and 2 of 10 male rats exposed to 30 ppm DCPT. Some focal areas of respiratory metaplasia were also noted in high exposure group mice. Urinary bladder effects consisted of a diffuse, moderate hyperplasia of the transitional epithelium in female mice exposed to 90 or 150 ppm DCPT. No treatment-related effects were observed in rats or mice exposed to 10 ppm DCPT vapors. PMID- 3220201 TI - Aspartame exposure and in vitro hippocampal slice excitability and plasticity. AB - Aspartame (APM) is a low-calorie sweetener recently approved and released for widespread use in the United States. However, concerns still exist that APM consumption may be responsible for adverse neurological and psychological effects in some people. In addition, recent reports indicate that APM exposure may alter regional brain neurotransmitter levels. The present study assessed the effects of APM and its amino acid moieties on rat hippocampal slice excitability and plasticity. Specifically, tests of excitatory systems, inhibitory systems, and synaptic plasticity (induction of long-term potentiation--LTP) were administered postexposure. Exposures of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM APM potentiated the response of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, but had no apparent effect on local inhibitory systems. APM exposure did not block the establishment of LTP at any dose despite the potentiation of pyramidal cell response observed postexposure. In addition, 0.1 mM phenylalanine (PHE) produced a greater increase in excitability than that produced by an equivalent dose of APM, 0.1 mM aspartic acid (ASP) and 0.1 mM phenylalanine methyl ester (PM) produced effects comparable to those produced a smaller, but reliable, change in hippocampal CA1 excitability relative to baseline. Like APM, none of the amino acids produced detectable changes in inhibitory systems or neuronal plasticity. PMID- 3220202 TI - Glutathione status and cadmium neurotoxicity: studies in discrete brain regions of growing rats. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of cadmium (Cd2+, 0.4 mg/kg) daily for 30 days to rats was found to decrease the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increase oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in various brain regions. These changes resulted in a significant decline in the GSH/GSSG ratio in different brain regions, except for the hippocampus and midbrain. In addition, the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) were also significantly inhibited in different brain regions. Measurement of regional Cd levels revealed that Cd administration significantly increased the levels in all brain regions except for the hippocampus, which could be the reason for not finding any change in any of the biochemical parameters studied in this region. The observed changes in the regional GSH/GSSG ratios could be the result of inhibition in GR activity, as this enzyme catalyzes an irreversible conversion of GSH to GSSG and is responsible for higher cellular GSH levels. GR uses NADPH in its reaction; therefore, the inhibition of GPDH may further aggravate the situation because of the short supply of NADPH. The alterations in the regional "glutathione status" may affect various related metabolic processes, including those required for detoxification of lipid peroxides which have recently been suggested to play a role in the mechanism of Cd neurotoxicity. PMID- 3220203 TI - The acute toxicity of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4PeCDF) in the male Fischer rat. AB - Polychlorinated dibenzofurans are ubiquitous environmental pollutants which have great potential for human exposure. To characterize the toxicity of 2,3,4,7,8 pentachlorodibenzofuran (4PeCDF), male F344 rats were administered a single oral dose of 0, 100, 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 micrograms 4PeCDF/kg. A progressive and dose-dependent loss of body weight was evident by 3 days after treatment. Signs of toxicity included piloerection, hair loss, hypoactivity, morbidity, and death. Death occurred as soon as 14 days after treatment and continued throughout the 35 day observation period. The LD50/35 was estimated to be 916 micrograms/kg with a 95% confidence interval of 565-1484 micrograms/kg. Dose-dependent increases were observed in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and bile acid concentrations and in sorbitol dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. The hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations were depressed in a dose-dependent fashion. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was increased in all treatment groups approximately 25 times above that of control animals. Lymphoid depletion in the thymus and spleen was observed in the three highest doses and thymic atrophy was present at all dose levels. Absolute liver weight and the liver:body weight ratio were significantly increased above controls. Hepatotoxicity was dose dependent and was characterized by lipid accumulation resulting in hepatocytomegaly. Epithelial hyperplasia and focal ulcerations of the forestomach was observed in animals administered 500 micrograms 4PeCDF/kg. Spontaneous cardiomyopathy was exacerbated by treatment with 2000 micrograms/kg. Since 4PeCDF and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) produce a similar spectrum of toxic effects, the biochemical mechanism(s) of toxicity for these chemicals may be similar. PMID- 3220204 TI - Uptake of vinylidene fluoride in rats simulated by a physiological model. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a physiological model to simulate the uptake of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), an important plastics monomer, in laboratory animals. Male Fischer 344/N rats were exposed nose-only for 6 hr to concentrations of VDF ranging from 27 to 16,000 ppm. Tidal volume (mean, 1.51 ml/breath) and respiratory frequency (mean, 132 breaths/min) were not influenced by exposure concentration. Experimentally determined, steady-state blood levels of VDF, obtained by gas chromatography-head space analysis of samples from rats with indwelling jugular cannulas, increased linearly with increasing exposure concentration up to 16,000 ppm. VDF tissue/air partition coefficients were determined experimentally to be 0.07, 0.18, 0.8, 1.0, and 0.29 for water, blood, liver, fat, and muscle, respectively. These values and calculated constants for total body elimination of VDF, Km and Vmax were incorporated into the physiological model. Model predictions agreed with the experimentally determined data. Time to reach steady-state blood levels of VDF was less than 15 min for all concentrations. After cessation of exposure, blood levels of VDF decreased to 10% of steady-state levels by 1 hr. Simulation of the metabolism of VDF indicated that although blood levels of VDF increased linearly with increasing concentration the amount of VDF metabolized per 6-hr exposure period approached a maximum at about 2000 ppm VDF. PMID- 3220205 TI - Comparison of paraquat-specific murine monoclonal antibodies produced by in vitro and in vivo immunization. AB - The techniques of in vitro and in vivo immunization have been used to produce murine hybridomas secreting anti-paraquat IgM and IgG antibodies, respectively. The monoclonal antibodies from these IgM-secreting and IgG-secreting cell lines have been purified by HPLC and characterized by ELISA for their affinities to eliciting antigen and cross-reactivity. Both antibody preparations exhibited high selectivity and similar affinities for paraquat. There was only a minor degree of interaction with a range of paraquat analogs that differed in the nature and position of group substituents. PMID- 3220206 TI - Carcinogenicity study of auranofin, an orally administered gold compound, in mice. AB - Auranofin, a gold-containing compound, was administered to Charles River CD-1 mice for 18 months to assess its possible carcinogenicity. The mice were dosed orally with 1.0, 3.0, or 6.0 (increased to 9.0 on Day 294) mg/kg/day. Each dose group and each of two control groups contained 110 males and 110 females. Survival was greater than 70% at the end of the study. No effect of the treatment on neoplastic or nonneoplastic lesions was found. This is in contrast to the results reported in rats. Auranofin in rats produced a heavy metal nephropathy characterized by acute coagulative necrosis, subacute renal cortical fibrosis, chronic cytomegaly and karyomegaly, and finally renal cortical neoplasia (adenomas and adenocarcinomas). The lack of effect of auranofin on tumor incidence in mice suggests the findings in rats may be species specific. PMID- 3220207 TI - Alleviation of nickel-induced biochemical alterations by chelating agents. AB - The effect of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (Cyclam), triethylenetetramine (TETA), reduced glutathione (GSH), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), cyclohexanediamine tetraacetic acid (CDTA), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), and hydroxyethylenediamine triacetic acid (HEDTA) on the alleviation of nickel-induced biochemical and trace-metal alterations in serum, liver, and kidney of nickel-treated rats was studied. The lipophilic chelating agents Cyclam and TETA exhibited a higher order of effectiveness in alleviating nickel-induced alterations compared to EDTA, CDTA, DTPA, and HEDTA, the hydrophilic chelating agents. The higher efficacy of lipophilic agents may be due to their ability to bind to nickel present in extracellular fluid as well as in intracellular fluid, while the hydrophilic agents may bind only to nickel present in extracellular fluid. Our data also suggest that the efficacy of Cyclam to ameliorate nickel induced alterations is exceptionally high. PMID- 3220208 TI - Mercapturic acid excretion by rats following inhalation exposure to 1,3 dichloropropene. AB - Rats were exposed to 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP), a commonly used agricultural nematicide, by inhalation to assess the relationship between DCP concentration and the urinary excretion of the mercapturic acid of cis-DCP (3C-NAC). The nose only exposure system that was used for simultaneously exposing up to four rodents is described. This apparatus provided for generation and monitoring of relative humidity and test vapor concentration. Animals were exposed for 1 hr to concentrations of up to 789 ppm DCP. Urine was collected for 24 hr after exposure. The quantity of 3C-NAC contained in the urine collections exhibited an exposure concentration-dependent increase from 0 to 284 ppm DCP. However, the amount of 3C-NAC was no greater for animals exposed to 398 or 789 ppm DCP than for animals exposed to 284 ppm DCP. PMID- 3220209 TI - Chronic toxicity and carcinogenic evaluation of permethrin in rats and mice. AB - Groups of Alpk:AP (Wistar-derived) rats were fed diets containing 0, 500, 1000 or 2500 ppm permethrin for 2 years and Swiss-derived mice were maintained for their lifetime (80% mortality) on diets containing 0, 250, 1000, or 2500 ppm permethrin. Changes of toxicological significance were confined to the top dose level of 2500 ppm permethrin in both species. Tremors and hypersensitivity to noise were noted in rats at this dose during the first 2 weeks of study but such signs were not seen in mice. Pathological examination of the central and peripheral nervous systems did not reveal abnormalities attributable to permethrin administration. The effect on mice at 2500 ppm permethrin was shown by decreased body weight gain. Liver hypertrophy, associated with increase in liver weight, microsomal enzyme activity, and proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum occurred in the rat with similar but less marked changes in the mouse. This was considered to be an adaptive response of no toxicological significance. No evidence of a carcinogenic effect was seen in the rat study. In the mouse study a slight elevation in benign lung tumor incidence in males only at 2500 ppm permethrin was observed but was not considered to represent a carcinogenic effect. PMID- 3220210 TI - Species differences in the hydrolysis of meperidine and its inhibition by organophosphate compounds. AB - The hydrolysis of meperidine was assayed in washed, unfortified liver microsomal fractions of guinea pig, rat, mouse, dog, and human, by following substrate disappearance as quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Using the method of Lineweaver-Burk plots, the velocity of the meperidine hydrolysis reaction was not detectable in guinea pig, very low in human, and extremely high in dog. Hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate was also monitored in liver microsomal preparations from the same animal species, with guinea pig showing greatest hydrolytic activity and rat showing least hydrolytic activity for this substrate. The data in the above two assays suggested that meperidine hydrolysis is mediated by a unique esterase not present in guinea pig and very low in human, but present with high activity in dog liver microsomes. From these comparative studies we concluded that liver microsomes from different species may contain different carboxylesterases having different affinities for meperidine. To further characterize meperidine carboxylesterase of dog and rat liver microsomes, inhibitory studies in vitro with two organophosphate compounds--paraoxon (diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate) and soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate)- indicated a varied pattern of enzyme inhibition. These results suggested that liver microsomal carboxylesterases are involved in the metabolism of meperidine and that interference with these enzymes by organophosphate compounds may alter pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of meperidine. PMID- 3220211 TI - Chronic toxicity of the anticonvulsant zonisamide in beagle dogs. AB - The chronic toxicity of the new anticonvulsant drug zonisamide (1,2-benzisoxazole 3-methanesulfonamide) was evaluated in a detailed 52-week study in which dose levels of 0, 10, 30 and 75 mg/kg/day were administered orally in gelatin capsules to groups of five Beagle dogs per sex. Potential toxicity was based on the effects of zonisamide on body weight and food consumption; clinical and ophthalmic examinations; electrocardiography and heart rates; clinical biochemistry, hematology and urinalysis determinations; organ weights and gross and histopathologic evaluations; electron microscopy of high dose and control male dogs; and plasma zonisamide concentrations. Zonisamide was relatively well tolerated during the study. In animals given 75 mg/kg/day, early body weight losses occurred and therefore, from Weeks 2 and 3 until study termination, for males and females respectively, the high dose was given as two equal portions (i.e., 37.5 mg/kg each) approximately 3-4 hr apart. Clinical laboratory analyses in the dogs given 75 mg/kg revealed a small but statistically significant decrease in plasma albumin concentration and a small increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. In animals given 75 mg/kg, liver weights were increased and a brownish discoloration of the liver was noted grossly at necropsy. No significant light microscopic changes were evident; however, electron microscopic evaluation of the liver tissue from the 5 male dogs given 75 mg/kg revealed the presence of concentric lamellae of paired smooth membranes which were not seen in control animals. At the 10 and 30 mg/kg dose levels, plasma zonisamide concentrations reached steady-state and were proportional to dose, but at 75 mg/kg, plasma levels were disproportionately higher and never achieved steady state. The results of this study indicated that at the high dose level of 75 mg/kg, chronic administration of zonisamide had a mild effect on the liver, particularly the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3220213 TI - Association of sperm, vaginal cytology, and reproductive organ weight data with results of continuous breeding reproduction studies in Swiss (CD-1) mice. AB - In continuous breeding reproduction studies in which an adverse effect on fertility was detected over an 18-week treatment period, a crossover mating trial was then conducted to determine the affected sex. Results of 25 crossover breeding studies conducted using Swiss (CD-1) mice were compared with results of sperm morphology and vaginal cytology examinations (SMVCEs) conducted at the conclusion of the mating trial. SMVCE endpoints include sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, vaginal cytology, and male reproductive organ weights. In most SMVCE studies multiple endpoints were adversely affected. For male reproductive toxicants, sperm motility was decreased in 89% of the studies, and absolute right epididymis and right testis weights were affected less frequently (80% each). Among studies with no detectable reduction in male breeding performance, 87% exhibited no detectable decrease in epididymis weight. Eighty two percent had no change in cauda epididymis weight and 80% had no significant change in sperm concentration. An increase in female cycle length was associated (100%) with an effect on breeding due to female dysfunction. Overall accuracy, defined as correct identification of toxicants and nontoxicants, was highest for epididymis weight (84%), followed by cauda epididymis weight and sperm motility (79% each), and sperm concentration (76%). Female cycle length was so variable that the overall accuracy of the parameter in 13 studies was 69%. With the variety of chemicals used in this analysis, the association of abnormal sperm morphology with reproductive outcome was 71%. Control data (mean, 95% confidence interval around the mean, median, and statistical sensitivity) for each male endpoint (parent, and offspring at 10 weeks of age following a single breeding) were summarized from each of the two laboratories that conducted the studies. For several endpoints, statistical power was dependent on the laboratory conducting the studies. In general, the statistical sensitivity was relatively high for reproductive organ weights, although it was less for smaller organs such as the prostate. On the basis of both the biological and statistical analyses, it is recommended that multiple SMVCE endpoints, including sperm measures, be included in screens for reproductive toxicants. PMID- 3220212 TI - Evaluation of rodent sperm, vaginal cytology, and reproductive organ weight data from National Toxicology Program 13-week studies. AB - Sperm morphology and vaginal cytology examinations (SMVCEs), which include evaluations of motility, concentration and head morphology of sperm from the cauda epididymis, and male reproductive organ weight data, were developed by the National Toxicology Program as a screening system for reproductive toxicants. An analysis was conducted of SMVCE studies carried out at the end of fifty 13-week studies (25 for rats, 25 for mice) over a 3-year period. Statistically significant changes in these studies were summarized, as were control data for each male endpoint (mean, SD, 95% confidence limits around the mean, median, and statistical power). Reproductive organ weights (testis, epididymis, cauda epididymis) and sperm motility were the most statistically powerful endpoints evaluated; sperm head morphology may also be a sensitive endpoint for detecting reproductive toxicants. For 24 chemicals tested in both rats and mice, the concordance of results [i.e., no adverse effect in either species, or at least one SMVCE endpoint (not necessarily the same one) adversely affected in both species] was 58%. These data suggest that detection of potential reproductive toxicants might be best when both species are used. Types of sperm head abnormalities and their relative proportion of the total did not differ among control and treatment groups. Estrous cycle data were obtained in the final week of forty-six 13-week studies (23 for mice, 23 for rats). Only 3 chemicals caused an increase in mean cycle length compared with the control group. More data from breeding studies in which female estrous cycle length is measured are needed to assess fully the association of cycle length with reproductive outcome; stages of the estrous cycle are so variable that they may not be useful in assessing potential toxicity. Interlaboratory variability in SMVCE values for many endpoints was documented. Very few of the chemicals that form the basis of this report have been evaluated in definitive reproductive toxicology protocols; a companion paper compares changes in SMVCE endpoints with the outcome of continuous breeding reproduction studies. PMID- 3220216 TI - Cephalosporin-induced alterations in erythroid (CFU-E) and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colony-forming capacity in canine bone marrow. AB - Cephalosporins are among the safest antibiotics. Nevertheless, hematologic abnormalities ranging from mono- to pancytopenia do occur, albeit infrequently, following their therapeutic use. Similar abnormalities to those reported in people have been seen in dogs given high doses of cephalosporins. As part of a study to define the latter thoroughly, we explored the effects of long-term, high dose cephalosporin administration on canine marrow erythroid (CFU-E) and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells. Cefazedone (Refosporen, E. Merck, Darmstadt) was administered intravenously at doses of 540 to 840 mg/kg daily to 14 healthy beagle dogs for up to 4 months, or less if hematologic effects were evident earlier. Within 6 to 10 weeks, treated dogs developed pancytopenia (5/14), thrombocytopenia (11/14), moderate to severe neutropenia (8/14), and/or normocytic anemia (8/14). There was evidence of immune-mediated destruction of peripheral blood cells. All treated dogs exhibited a significant reduction in marrow colony-forming capacity, irrespective of whether peripheral cytopenia was present, with 12/14 showing decreased CFU-GM and 14/14 decreased CFU-E activity. Within a week following cessation of dosing, all affected dogs achieved hematologic remission as defined by restoration of the peripheral blood counts. However, despite this apparent recovery, both CFU-E and CFU-GM activities of the bone marrow remained depressed for at least another 8 months. We conclude that in dogs prolonged administration of high doses of cefazedone induced a persistent deficit of CFU-E and CFU-GM progenitor cells. The clinical relevance of this, if any, remains to be established. PMID- 3220214 TI - Functional teratogens of the rat kidney. I. Colchicine, dinoseb, and methyl salicylate. AB - Substances known or suspected to cause subtle or transient anatomical alterations in renal development were administered prenatally or neonatally to rats in order to determine whether they are capable of altering renal functional development. Colchicine alters mitotic activity and cytoskeletal structure and is teratogenic in many species. Since the kidney of the newborn rat undergoes extensive cellular proliferation and nephron differentiation, it is possible that neonatal administration of colchicine may affect nephron development. Dinoseb and methyl salicylate have previously been reported to produce a high incidence of dilated renal pelvis in the term rat fetus. Colchicine was injected sc, at 75 micrograms/kg, to Postnatal Day (PD) 1 Sprague-Dawley rats. Dinoseb was administered ip to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on Gestation Days 10-12 at doses of 8 or 10.5 mg/kg/day, and methyl salicylate was administered ip at doses of 200, 250, or 300 mg/kg/day on Gestation Days 11-12. Renal function was examined in pups from immediately after birth through weaning. Maximal urine concentrating ability was measured after DDAVP (desmopressin acetate, a vasopressin analog) injection in suckling rats, and after 24 hr of water deprivation in weanlings. Proximal tubule transport was measured in renal cortical slices. Basal urinary parameters, including urine flow, osmolality, pH, and chloride content, were measured. Colchicine treatment had no effect on body weight or kidney weight. There was a significant decrease in maximal urine osmolality in PD 30 rats measured after 24 hr of water deprivation. The urine concentrating deficit detected in functionally mature PD 30 rats suggests that colchicine treatment during renal histogenesis causes a latent deficit in medullary function in the absence of any gross morphological effects. The 10.5 mg/kg/day dose of dinoseb caused a weight reduction in neonates which persisted after weaning. Urine volume after DDAVP challenge was increased over controls in both dose groups on PD 6, but maximal urine concentration was unaffected. On PD 14, maximal urine concentration after DDAVP injection was decreased in the 10.5 mg/kg/day group. By PD 30, urine concentrating ability was comparable to controls. Renal cortical slices from the 10.5 mg/kg/day dose group had an enhanced ability to accumulate organic anions on PD 3 and 31, but opposite effects were observed in the low-dose group. No other renal functional parameters were altered. Urine osmolality after DDAVP challenge was decreased over controls in the 250 mg/kg/day methyl salicylate group on PD 6, and urine volume was increased in this group after DDAVP injection on PD 14.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3220215 TI - Functional teratogens of the rat kidney. II. Nitrofen and ethylenethiourea. AB - Nitrofen and ethylenethiourea (ETU), agents known to prenatally induce hydronephrosis in rats, were assessed for their effects on postnatal renal functional maturation. Both were given by gavage to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on Gestation Day 11. Nitrofen was given at concentrations of 50 or 100 mg/kg, and ETU at 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg. Renal function was examined in the offspring from birth until after weaning, the period of renal functional maturation in the rat. Maximal urine concentrating ability was measured after DDAVP (desmopressin acetate, a vasopressin analog) challenge or water deprivation. Proximal tubule transport was measured in renal cortical slices. Various urinary parameters were measured. Both prenatal nitrofen and ETU exposure caused a large number of neonatal deaths at the high dose, and hydronephrosis was observed. The severity of the lesion increased with age. Hydronephrotic animals were deficient in urine concentrating ability, which became more pronounced after weaning. A few other urinary parameters were altered, but cortical function appeared to be unaffected. Rats prenatally exposed to nitrofen, but with apparently normal kidneys, were significantly compromised in their ability to produce a concentrated urine in response to DDAVP challenge, on Postnatal Days (PDs) 6 and 14. By PD 30, they were not different from controls in urine concentrating response. Rats prenatally exposed to the higher doses of ETU, but with grossly normal kidneys, had significantly decreased plasma clearances of certain electrolytes early in life, but by PD 27, they were not different from controls. Proximal tubule transport of PAH was increased on PD 7 in ETU-exposed pups, but this effect did not persist. PMID- 3220218 TI - Subchronic toxicity of orally administered (gavage and dosed-feed) theophylline in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. AB - Theophylline, a methylated xanthine closely resembling caffeine and theobromine, is a widely used pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of respiratory disorders and certain acute cardiovascular conditions. The National Toxicology Program has conducted 13-week subchronic toxicity studies in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (10 animals/group) following administration of theophylline via the diet or by gavage. Administration of theophylline in the feed (0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 ppm) resulted in no mortality or body weight effects in F344 rats, but did induce periarteritis of the arteries adjacent to mesenteric lymph nodes and the pancreas, particularly arterioles in the latter. Also observed in rats dosed with theophylline via the diet was an increased severity of chronic nephropathy in males, especially at the high dose. Administration of theophylline at the same concentrations in the feed to B6C3F1 mice resulted in no mortality, but terminal body weights were significantly decreased in all dosed groups. An increased incidence of hepatocellular glycogen depletion was observed in male and female mice, and this change is believed to represent a physiological alteration exacerbated by the administration of theophylline. Administration of theophylline by gavage to F344 rats (0, 37.5, 75, and 150 mg/kg) resulted in the early death of one high-dose male and female and significantly decreased or increased terminal body weights of high-dose males and females, respectively. Similar to the results of the dosed-feed study, male and female rats receiving theophylline by gavage demonstrated a dose-related increase in the incidence and severity of perivascular inflammation of mesenteric arteries. Gavage administration of theophylline to B6C3F1 mice (0, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) resulted in the early death of all high-dose females and 3/10 high-dose males and significant depression of terminal body weights in high- and mid-dose males and low-dose females. As in the dosed-feed study, the primary histopathologic change in the mouse subchronic gavage study was hepatocellular glycogen depletion, although in this case it was seen only in females. In summary, the major target organs for orally administered theophylline in 13-week subchronic toxicity studies appear to be the mesenteric arteries in F344 rats and the liver in B6C3F1 mice. On the basis of organ weight changes and/or minor histopathologic effects, many other tissues were also affected, particularly the kidneys in dosed-feed male rats and the uterus in gavage-dosed female rats. PMID- 3220217 TI - Teratologic evaluation of orally administered nitrapyrin in rats and rabbits. AB - Pregnant Fischer 344 rats and New Zealand White rabbits were orally administered 0, 5, 15, or 50 mg nitrapyrin/kg/day on Gestation Days 6 through 15 (rats) or 0, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day on Gestation Days 6 through 18 (rabbits). In rats, 50 mg/kg/day produced slight histopathologic changes in the livers of pregnant females. Fetal examination revealed no evidence of fetotoxicity or teratogenicity among rats at dose levels up to 50 mg/kg/day. Among rabbits, a significant depression in maternal weight gain and increased absolute and relative liver weights were observed at 30 mg/kg/day. An increased incidence of crooked hyoid bone among fetal rabbits in the 30 mg/kg/day dose group was considered indicative of fetotoxicity but not teratogenicity. Thus, administration of nitrapyrin was not teratogenic at dose levels up to 50 mg/kg/day in rats and 30 mg/kg/day in rabbits. PMID- 3220220 TI - Screening for the developmental toxicity of retinoids: use of the sea urchin model. AB - Retinoids are being used increasingly in dermatologic practice. Fetal malformation is a major form of toxicity associated with certain retinoids. In this study, the developmental toxicity of isotretinoin, its metabolites, and a structurally related analog, tretinoin, were evaluated using the sea urchin model. The American sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, completes its major developmental stages within 24 hr and has been previously utilized for screening human teratogens. The parent compound, isotretinoin, induced dose-dependent delayed rather than dysmorphic development of the sea urchin embryo. In contrast, its metabolites, 4-oxo-isotretinoin and 4-oxo-tretinoin, and the analog tretinoin induced strikingly dysmorphic development. This may indicate that the metabolites of isotretinoin, rather than the parent compound, may be responsible for the fetal abnormalities observed in the "isotretinoin teratogen syndrome." Therefore, the sea urchin model might serve as a discriminating and rapid screening test for identifying other potential developmentally toxic retinoids. PMID- 3220219 TI - Corticosterone modulates acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Bilateral adrenalectomy or adrenal demedullation was performed on male Sprague Dawley rats by established surgical techniques. Subsequently, the dose-response (mortality and mean time to death) to TCDD was determined in adrenalectomized (10, 20, 40 micrograms/kg TCDD ip in 95:5 corn oil:acetone) or demedullated (15, 30, 60 micrograms/kg TCDD) rats. Adrenalectomy drastically increased mortality and greatly shortened mean time to death after dosing with TCDD. More importantly, adrenalectomized TCDD-treated rats died of hypoglycemic shock without losing much body weight. Conversely, adrenal demedullation had no effect on mortality or mean time to death caused by TCDD when compared to nondemedullated TCDD-treated controls. Thus, it was concluded that the factor(s) modulating the acute toxicity of TCDD resides in the adrenal cortex and not in the medulla. Administration of corticosterone (25 micrograms/ml in drinking water) to adrenalectomized rats returned the toxicity of TCDD to levels seen in nonadrenalectomized rats suggesting that this hormone is another key factor (in addition to the thyroid hormones) in the modulation of the acute toxicity of TCDD. Corticosterone supplementation (25, 50, or 100 micrograms/ml) to nonadrenalectomized rats, or to thyroidectomized-adrenalectomized rats (25 micrograms/ml), resulted in no additional beneficial effect indicating that a factor(s) other than thyroid hormones and corticosterone is also involved in the acute toxicity of TCDD. PMID- 3220222 TI - Central nervous system distribution of inhaled toluene. AB - The regional central nervous system distribution of inhaled [14C]toluene was studied in the rat. Toluene was detected in all brain regions, with the highest concentrations in the brainstem. The initial uptake of toluene was significantly correlated with the total lipid content of each brain region. Clinical and experimental neurotoxicity of toluene may be due, in part, to an increased concentration of this solvent in lipid-rich brain areas. PMID- 3220221 TI - Comparison of changes in serum androgen binding protein with germinal epithelial damage and infertility induced by di-n-pentyl phthalate. AB - Androgen binding protein (ABP), produced by Sertoli cells and released into seminiferous tubules and blood, was measured in the serum of di-n-pentyl phthalate (DPP)-treated rats as a potential index of germinal epithelial damage. A single oral dose of DPP (0, 0.25, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg body wt in corn oil) was given to four groups of 110 Fischer 344 rats; 10 rats per group were killed weekly for 10 weeks. Effects of treatment on serum ABP were then compared with effects on other reproductive endpoints. Treatment did not produce any significant effect on body weight or weights of liver, kidney, prostate, and seminal vesicles. In high-dose rats, serum ABP values more than doubled 2 days after injection, remained significantly elevated for 3 weeks, then fell and remained significantly below control values from Week 4 through Week 10. Accordingly, 95% of the rats in this group showed greater than 50% of the seminiferous tubules degenerated, decreased epididymal sperm density, reduced testicular and epididymal weights, and up to 97% morphologically abnormal sperm. In medium-dose rats, serum ABP increased up to 48% during the first week, returned to control values by Week 2, and remained at control levels thereafter. Of these rats, 20% showed 20-50% degenerated tubules, decreased sperm density, reduced testicular and epididymal weights (which were not always statistically significant), and up to 23% abnormal sperm morphology. In low-dose rats, serum ABP levels were similar to those of controls, and the other parameters, except sperm density, also remained unchanged. To examine the effects of DPP on fertility, a second group of rats was exposed in an identical manner [gavaged once with DPP in corn oil (0, 0.25, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg body wt)], then mated to untreated females at 3, 6, and 10 weeks postexposure. DPP at 2 (but not 1.0 or 0.25) g/kg caused a significant reduction in pregnancies and live pups and a significant increase in preimplantation loss. Histopathology of the testis in the first experiment suggested a very slow recovery. Therefore, controls and high dose rats in the mating trial were killed 14, 18, and 30 weeks after dosing and the germinal epithelium was evaluated histologically. All high-dose animals showed testicular lesions typical of phthalate ester exposure and the epithelium did not recover within 30 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3220223 TI - [Peritoneovenous shunting in intractable ascites of cirrhosis. Results of a prospective study on improving prognostic factors]. AB - A peritoneovenous (LeVeen) shunt was inserted in 39 patients with cirrhosis and intractable ascites. Based on the results of previous experience, the following procedures were performed to improve outcome: 1) intraoperative drainage of most of the ascites; 2) short-term antibiotic prophylaxis by cefotetan; 3) the use of a titanium venous catheter tip. There was no operative mortality. Operative morbidity was minimal. Mean postoperative in-hospital stay was 19 +/- 5 days. Two patients had recurrence of ascites. This resulted from obstruction of the valve in one patient and of occlusion of the venous catheter in the second patient. One year probability of shunt failure was 5.8 p. 100. Among the long-term complications, variceal bleeding was the most frequent as it occurred in 8 patients and was responsible for death in 6. One-year probability of variceal bleeding was 18.6 p. 100. Overall one-year survival was 68 p. 100, 79 p. 100 in the group of 19 patients with Pugh scores of 8 and less, 58 p. 100 in the group of 20 patients with Pugh scores greater than 8. These results suggest that technically improved peritoneovenous shunting is a low operative risk surgical procedure with high efficiency in the treatment of intractable ascites in cirrhosis. PMID- 3220224 TI - [Epigastric pain and regurgitation: descriptive epidemiology in a representative sample of the adult population of France]. AB - The incidence of symptoms in relation to upper digestive tract disorders in the French population is unknown. An epidemiologic survey involving a group of 1,800 apparently healthy subjects, considered to be representative of the French population over age fifteen, was conducted in order to evaluate: a) the incidence of epigastric pain and regurgitation, b) the pattern of symptoms, and c) recourse to medical care. The annual incidence of epigastric pain and/or regurgitation was 35.2 p. 100 (epigastric pain: 19.9 p. 100, regurgitation: 27.1 p. 100). The incidence was not related to age and body weight. There were more women and unemployed subjects in the group with epigastric pain and regurgitation. There were more smokers among symptomatic subjects than among those who were symptom free. In 2/3 of subjects, symptoms evolved by attacks. Usually, the attack lasted less than one day. Compared with subjects with regurgitations alone, subjects with epigastric pain had symptoms of longer duration and had more frequent pain attacks (75 p. 100 of these subjects had at least one monthly pain attack). In this group, epigastric pain occurred after apparently stressful events in 39 p. 100, and chest pain in 26 p. 100 of cases. Subjects with epigastric pain sought medical advice more often (74 p. 100) than subjects with regurgitation alone (24 p. 100). An upper barium swallow was performed in half of the consultants, whereas endoscopy was performed in only 21 p. 100 of subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220225 TI - [Massive microvesicular steatosis and Wilson's disease]. PMID- 3220226 TI - [Obstructive jaundice and portal hypertension caused by isolated neurofibroma of the common bile duct]. PMID- 3220227 TI - [Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: results of an experience with 30 patients]. PMID- 3220228 TI - [Is Campylobacter pylori more frequently observed after antisecretory treatment]. PMID- 3220229 TI - [Univocal presentation of indeterminate colitis]. PMID- 3220230 TI - [Treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: where can progress come from?]. PMID- 3220231 TI - [Comparison of fungal lipase and pancreatic lipase in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in man. Study of their in vitro properties and intraduodenal bioavailability]. AB - Assuming that acidic degradation of lipase was the major cause of failure for the correction of steatorrhea by pancreatic extracts, we compared the in vitro and in vivo activities of a fungal lipase (FL) (Rhizopus arrhizus) with classical porcine pancreatic extract (Eurobiol). The choice of FL was determined by its two optimum pH (3.5 and 7.4). Five factors known to modify lipase activity were tested: pH, biliary acids colipase, trypsin and albumin. Bioavailability was measured by using a double intubation method in 13 patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency. Each enzymatic preparation was given during a test meal in a randomized and cross-over fashion. Results of the in vitro study showed that FL differed from pancreatic lipase by the following properties: better resistance in acidic solution, inhibition by biliary salts, absence of effect of colipase and rapid degradation by trypsin. In vivo the percentage of lipase activity recovered was 14.2 +/- 10.6 p. 100 for FL and 56 +/- 50 p. 100 for the classical pancreatic preparation. Compared with placebo significant differences in the recovery rate of lipolytic activity were observed with the pancreatic preparation only and started at the 40th min after the end of the test meal. These results showed that lack of degradation in acidic milieu is not the only valuable criterion for the choice of an efficient lipase preparation. The role of other potential factors such as gastric emptying as well as proteolytic degradation of the enzyme should be considered as well. PMID- 3220233 TI - [Cancer of the rectum: treatment by a radiosurgical combination of 328 patients. Mono- and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors]. AB - From 1973 to 1983, 328 patients have been treated for rectal carcinoma in the Centre Paul Lamarque by preoperative radiotherapy (40 Grays) followed by surgical excision. The average age was 64 years and the sex ratio was 2:1. Abdominoperineal resection was performed in 219 patients anterior resection in 99 patients and transanal resection in 10 patients. Overall 3 years survival was 82 p. 100 and 5 year survival was 73 p. 100. The five year local recurrence rate was 9.4 p. 100 with 3.5 p. 100 of patients having liver metastases. Monovariate analysis revealed that the local recurrence rate was influenced by tumor circumference (p = 0.005), tumor reduction after radiotherapy (p less than 0.001), histological type (p = 0.049), lymph node metastases and tumor infiltration (p = 0.001). Survival was influenced by lymph node metastases, tumor infiltration (p = 0.001) and histological type (p = 0.01). The multivariate analysis revealed that prognosis was influenced by lymph node metastases and tumor infiltration. The "down staging" induced by the radiotherapy did not modify the predictive value of these 2 prognostic parameters when compared to groups treated by surgery only. PMID- 3220232 TI - Effects of an enkephalinase inhibitor on esophageal motility in man. AB - Enkephalins are short lived peptides which are rapidly cleaved by 2 membrane peptidases: an enkephalinase and a carboxypeptidase. Enkephalin-like immuno reactivity has been demonstrated in the smooth muscle and in the myenteric plexus of the human lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Opioid receptors have been found in the gastrointestinal tract and recently an enkephalin analog has been shown to inhibit LES relaxation and modify the peristaltic progression of the esophageal contractions. Acetorphan is an enkephalinase inhibitor which prevents, at least to some extent, the hydrolysis of endogenous enkephalins. Thus, the present work was designed to study the effect of acetorphan on esophageal motility. Ten healthy volunteers (mean age: 23 years) were studied. On 2 separate days, each subject received in random order acetorphan (2.5 mg/kg intravenously at a constant rate in 20 min) or placebo. Esophageal manometry was performed with a Dentsleeve. Wet swallows (5 ml) were performed at 1 min intervals during 80 min and results were pooled in 10 min periods. Acetorphan inhibited significantly (p less than 0.02) LES relaxation 20 min after the beginning of the infusion and throughout the study. The maximal effect occurred 50 min after the beginning of acetorphan infusion and LES relaxation (m +/- SEM) was reduced from 92 +/- 2.6 to 79.5 +/- 2.9 p. 100 (p less than 0.01). Duration, amplitude, and velocity of esophageal contractions were not modified. Acetorphan an enkephalinase inhibitor, is able to reproduce the effect of IV exogenous enkephalins on LES relaxation in man. This result suggest that endogenous enkephalins might play a role in the normal control of the LES relaxation. PMID- 3220234 TI - [Serum laminin and portal pressure in alcoholic cirrhosis. A study of 39 patients]. AB - A correlation between serum laminin, a glycoprotein found in basement membranes, and hepatic wedge pressure has previously been reported in a small number of patients with various liver diseases. To study this relationship in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, we measured the wedge hepatic pressure and venous gradient, in comparison with serum concentrations of laminin and collagen metabolism products: N-terminal peptide of type III procollagen, collagen type I, and collagen type III in 39 patients. A statistically significant correlation was observed between serum laminin and wedged hepatic pressure (r = 0.529; p less than 10(-3] or hepatic venous gradient (r = 0.482; p = 0.002). By contrast, no statistically significant correlation was found between hemodynamic parameters and serum concentrations of N-terminal peptide of type III procollagen, collagen type I or collagen type III. These results suggest that, in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, portal pressure may be estimated by serum concentration of laminin, and that perisinusoidal fibrosis, especially basement membrane thickening, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension in these patients. PMID- 3220235 TI - [Esophageal cancer and endoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices: a fortuitous association?]. AB - We report the case of 4 male patients, smokers, with alcoholic cirrhosis, mean age 54.7 +/- 6 years, treated by sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices. Variceal eradication was obtained following juxtacardial intravariceal injection of 1.5 p. 100 polidocanol in one case (100 ml), and 0.5 p. 100 polidocanol in 3 cases (90, 240 and 310 ml). Local complications were observed in all patients (ulcers: 3; stenosis: 1). Carcinoma of the lower third of the esophagus was detected 12, 20, 22 and 30 months after esophageal sclerosis. Carcinoma was circular (one case), semicircular (2 cases), and nodular superimposed on Barrett's esophagus (one case). Histologic features included squamous cell carcinoma in 3 cases and adenocarcinoma in one case. Sclerotherapy could lead to the development of carcinoma because of mucosal alterations. However, other high risk factors (age, alcohol-tobacco intoxication, Barrett's esophagus) and different histologic features suggest a causal association. Endoscopic follow-up of patients after esophageal sclerosis could confirm this hypothesis. PMID- 3220236 TI - [Effect of intraduodenal instillation of trimebutine (Debridat) on interdigestive motility in man]. PMID- 3220237 TI - [A diffuse form of canalicular ectasia of pancreas?]. PMID- 3220238 TI - [Sclerosing cholangitis caused by sterilization of a hydatid cyst of the liver with a hypertonic saline solution]. PMID- 3220239 TI - Determination of serum cholestatic factor level by ELISA in drug-induced allergic hepatitis. AB - We have shown that intrahepatic cholestasis often observed in drug-induced allergic hepatitis may be induced by a kind of lymphokine, the cholestatic factor (CF). In this study, we measured the CF level in the serum of patients with jaundice by ELISA using anti-CF monoclonal antibody. As a result, CF was detected in the serum of most of the patients at the peak of jaundice, but it was not detected when the patients were recovering from jaundice. When the changes in the serum CF level were followed during the clinical course of a patient, it reached its maximum level before that of the serum total bilirubin level and quickly decreased thereafter. These results also suggest that intrahepatic cholestasis in drug-induced allergic hepatitis may be induced by CF. PMID- 3220240 TI - Copper-induced hypercholesterolemia of golden hamsters: enhanced synthesis of cholesterol in the liver. AB - Effects of a subtoxic dose of copper on cholesterol metabolism were studied in male golden hamsters. Intraperitoneal injections of cupric acetate increased serum levels of cholesterol and phospholipids without liver damage. This lipidemia was associated with increased cholesterol of the liver. The participation of hemolysis was denied by peripheral red blood cell tests. Hepatic microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase was also elevated by copper administration. Biliary secretion of cholesterol increased but that of bile acids remained unchanged, suggesting no impaired degradation of cholesterol. We conclude that hepatic synthesis of cholesterol is enhanced by a subtoxic dose of copper, resulting in hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 3220241 TI - Enzymatic determination of serum 12 alpha-hydroxy bile acid concentration with 12 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. AB - A simple colorimetric enzymatic assay for determination of serum 12 alpha-hydroxy bile acids was developed using 12 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD). The enzymes were extracted from Bacillus sphaericus. The principle of the method is as follows: 12 alpha-hydroxy bile acids are converted to 12-oxo bile acids using 12 alpha-HSD with the conocomitant reduction of NAD to NADH, and then the hydrogen of the generated NADH is transferred by diaphorase to NTB to yield diformazan. Finally, the color of resultant diformazan was measured. The specificity and precision of this assay method were satisfactory. A linear relationship was noted between the amount of 12 alpha-hydroxy bile acids and the degree of absorbance in the range of 6.7 to 215 microM. The fasting values for serum 12 alpha-hydroxy bile acid in 10 patients with liver diseases ranged widely from 7.6 to 91.1 microM, and values obtained with this assay agreed closely with those obtained by gas-liquid chromatography (r = 0.94, p less than 0.001). The assay is convenient, rapid, and specific for the measurement of 12 alpha-hydroxy bile acid concentrations in the serum of patients with liver diseases. PMID- 3220243 TI - Specific lectin bindings to oval cells and proliferated bile ductules. AB - Histochemical evaluation of lectins was performed to examine the carbohydrate residues of oval cells induced by administration of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3' Me-DAB) in comparison with those of normal bile ducts and proliferated bile ductules induced by bile duct ligation. The normal bile ducts showed intense binding of Ricinus communis agglutinin, concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin, and weak binding of Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA I). A few cells in the portal bile ducts showed binding of peanut agglutinin (PNA). Two different binding patterns were observed in oval cells and proliferated bile ductules. One group showed increased binding of PNA, while the other showed intense binding of UEA I. In both groups, binding of other lectins was similar to those of the normal bile duct. The first group included oval cells induced by 2-AAF and 3'-Me DAB, and the second included both oval cells induced by ANIT and proliferated bile ductules induced by ligation. These results suggest that oval cells and proliferated bile ductules have their own specific carbohydrate residues and that oval cells induced by the carcinogens might be a cell population different from those induced by non-carcinogens and proliferated bile ductules by ligation. PMID- 3220242 TI - The effect of bilirubin on biliary lipid secretion: analysis by horseradish peroxidase associated intrahepatic vesicular transport system. AB - The mechanism of biliary lipid secretion is still controversial and there is no definite information regarding how bilirubin inhibits biliary phospholipid and cholesterol secretions without affecting bile salt secretion. In this study, the effects of bilirubin on intrahepatic vesicular transport and biliary lipid secretion were examined using bile-fistula rats. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as a tracer of intrahepatic vesicular transport. Bilirubin (5 mg/100 g BW) and/or HRP (5 mg/100 gBW) were injected through the mesenteric vein. Bile flow, biliary bile acid, biliary phospholipid and cholesterol outputs were examined in saline, HRP and HRP + bilirubin groups, respectively. Bile flow and biliary bile acid output were not affected by bilirubin administration. Biliary phospholipid and cholesterol as well as biliary HRP outputs were inhibited just after bilirubin administration, 42.8 +/- 6.1 SD% 47.7 +/- 5.1 SD%, and 33.4 +/- 3.8 SD%, respectively. These results suggested the participation of intrahepatic vesicular transport system in the inhibition of biliary lipid secretion by bilirubin and in its secretory mechanism. PMID- 3220244 TI - A familial study of C5+cholinesterase and its frequency in the normal population. AB - A case of familial hypercholinesterasemia was presented. A cholinesterase isoenzyme study revealed the extra C5 band nearer to the cathode than C4 on the gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 6 out of 8 subjects in the family. No significant difference in the effect of inhibitors and activator was found when compared with the normal control. We investigated the frequency of variant with C5+cholinesterase in normal healthy subjects. The frequency of the extra C5 band found in the normal healthy population in Japan was 1.2%. It was considered to be clinically useful for differential diagnosis of patients with elevated serum cholinesterase to find subjects with familial hypercholinesterasemia. PMID- 3220246 TI - Antibody dependent cytotoxicity in chronic active liver disease. AB - Twenty-six patients with chronic active liver disease (CALD) and a control group (8 patients with atrophic gastritis and 10 healthy people) underwent a microcytotoxicity (MCT) test using a primary line of human hepatocytes (5 1/2 month old human embryo) in the presence of rabbit complement. In 57.6% of the cases with CALD the test was positive (over 60% of hepatocytes lysed on contact with the patients' serum). The controls showed a negative MCT test, except for one case (12.5%) of atrophic gastritis. The positive results of the test in the CALD patients coincided with the evolutive stage of the disease and with obvious immune, humoral and cellularly, disturbances. The mechanism of the antibody dependent cytotoxicity mechanism in the hepatocytolysis in CALD is being demonstrated; the MCT test may be a marker of the evolution of the disease. PMID- 3220245 TI - Generation of reactive oxygen species by Kupffer cells and blood monocytes during intestinal amebiasis in guinea pigs. AB - The reactive oxygen species generation capacity of Kupffer cells and blood monocytes was studied through chemiluminescence (CL) in guinea pigs, infected intracecally with Entameba histolytica, on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 post infection. There was an elevated response up to the 14th post-infection day. The CL response of these cells was diminished on the 21st post infection day though it was significantly higher than up the controls. The CL response increased exponentially with the severity of cecal lesions. A direct correlation was observed between the CL response of phagocytic cells and cecal lesions of animals. The role of oxygen species in causation of tissue injury during intestinal amebiasis is postulated. PMID- 3220247 TI - Abstracts of selected papers presented at the 74th general meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. Sendai, Japan, March 24-26, 1988. PMID- 3220248 TI - A novel dominant transformer allele of the sex-determining gene her-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - We have characterized a novel dominant allele of the sex-determining gene her-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans. This allele, called n695, results in the incomplete transformation of XX animals into phenotypic males. Previously characterized recessive her-1 alleles transform XO animals into phenotypic hermaphrodites. We have identified five new recessive her-1 mutations as intragenic suppressors of n695. Three of these suppressors are weak, temperature-sensitive alleles. We show that the recessive her-1 mutations are loss-of-function alleles, and that the her 1(n695) mutation results in a gain-of-function at the her-1 locus. The existence of dominant and recessive alleles that cause opposite phenotypic transformations demonstrates that the her-1 gene acts to control sexual identity in C. elegans. PMID- 3220249 TI - Genetic evidence that the sans fille locus is involved in Drosophila sex determination. AB - Females homozygous for sans fille1621 (= fs(1)1621) have an abnormal germ line. Instead of producing eggs, the germ-line cells proliferate forming ovarian tumors or excessive numbers of nurse cells. The Sex-lethal gene product(s) regulate the branch point of the dosage compensation and sex determination pathways in the soma. The role of Sex-lethal in the germ line is not clear but the germ line of females homozygous for female sterile Sex-lethal alleles or germ-line clones of loss-of-function alleles are characterized by ovarian tumors. Females heterozygous for sans fille1621 or Sex-lethal are phenotypically wild type with respect to viability and fertility but females trans-heterozygous for sans fille1621 and Sex-lethal show ovarian tumors, somatic sexual transformations, and greatly reduced viability. PMID- 3220250 TI - Genetic divergence in mandible form in relation to molecular divergence in inbred mouse strains. AB - Genetic divergence in the form of the mandible is examined in ten inbred strains of mice. Several univariate and multivariate genetic distance estimates are given for the morphological data and these estimates are compared to measures of genealogical and molecular divergence. Highly significant divergence occurs among the ten strains in all 11 mandible traits considered individually and simultaneously. Genealogical relationship among strains is highly correlated with genetic divergence in single locus molecular traits. However, the concordance between genealogical relationship and multivariate genetic divergence in morphology is much more complex. Whether there is a significant correlation between morphological divergence and genealogy depends upon the method of analysis and the particular genetic distance statistic being employed. PMID- 3220252 TI - Gene conversion, linkage, and the evolution of multigene families. AB - The evolution of the probabilities of genetic identity within and between the loci of a multigene family is investigated. Unbiased gene conversion, equal crossing over, random genetic drift, and mutation to new alleles are incorporated. Generations are discrete and nonoverlapping; the diploid, monoecious population mates at random. The linkage map is arbitrary, and the location dependence of the probabilities of identity is formulated exactly. The greatest of the rates of gene conversion, random drift, and mutation is epsilon much less than 1. For interchromosomal conversion, the equilibrium probabilities of identity are within order epsilon [i.e., O(epsilon)] of those in a simple model that has no location dependence and, at equilibrium, no linkage disequilibrium. At equilibrium, the linkage disequilibria are of O(epsilon); they are evaluated explicitly with an error of O(epsilon 2); they may be negative if symmetric heteroduplexes occur. The ultimate rate and pattern of convergence to equilibrium are within O(epsilon 2) and O(epsilon), respectively, of that of the same simple model. If linkage is loose (i.e., all the crossover rates greatly exceed epsilon, though they may still be much less than 1/2), the linkage disequilibria are reduced to O(epsilon) in a time of O(-ln epsilon). If intrachromosomal conversion is incorporated, the same results hold for loose linkage, except that, if the crossover rates are much less than 1/2, then the linkage disequilibria generally exceed those for pure interchromosomal conversion. PMID- 3220253 TI - On the theory of partially inbreeding finite populations. II. Partial sib mating. AB - It is assumed that a population has M males in every generation, each of which is permanently mated with c-1 females, and that a proportion beta of matings are between males and their full sisters or half-sisters. Recurrence equations are derived for the inbreeding coefficient of one random individual, coefficients of kinship of random pairs of mates and probabilities of allelic identity when the infinite alleles model holds. If Ft is the inbreeding coefficient at time t and M is large, (1-Ft)/(1-Ft-1)----1-1/(2Ne) as t increases. The effective population number Ne = aM/[1 + (2a-1)FIS], where FIS is the inbreeding coefficient at equilibrium when M is infinite and the constant a depends upon the conditional probabilities of matings between full sibs and the two possible types of half sibs. When there are M permanent couples, an approximation to the probability that an allele A survives if it is originally present in one AA heterozygote is proportional to FISs1 + (1-FIS)s2, where s1 and s2 are the selective advantages of AA and AA in comparison with AA. The paper concludes with a comparison between the results when there is partial selfing, partial full sib mating (c = 2) and partial sib mating when c is large. PMID- 3220251 TI - Many protein products from a few loci: assignment of human salivary proline-rich proteins to specific loci. AB - Earlier studies of protein polymorphisms led to the description of 13 linked loci thought to encode the human salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs). However, more recent studies at the DNA level have shown that there are only six genes which encode PRPs. The present study was undertaken in order to reconcile these observations. Nucleotide and decoded amino acid sequences from each of the six genes were compared with the available protein sequence data for PRPs. This analysis allowed assignment of the PmF, PmS and Pe proteins to the PRB1 locus, the G1 protein to the PRB3 locus, the Po protein to the PRB4 locus, the Ps protein to the PRB2 locus, and the CON1 and CON2 proteins to the PRB4 locus. Correlations between insertion/deletion RFLPs and PRP protein phenotypes were observed for the PmF, PmS, Gl and CON2 proteins. Our overall analysis indicates that in many instances several proteins previously considered to be the products of separate loci are actually proteolytic cleavage products of a large precursor specified by one or other of the six genes identified at the DNA level. Our analysis also demonstrates that some of the "null" alleles proposed to occur at 11 of the 13 loci in the earlier genetic studies, are actually productive alleles having alterations at proteolytic cleavage sites within the relevant precursor protein. The absence of cleavage leads to the persistence of longer precursor peptides not resolved electrophoretically, concurrently with an absence of the smaller PRPs seen when cleavage occurs. PMID- 3220254 TI - The use of a chromosome integration vector to map erythromycin resistance and production genes in Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Streptomyces erythraeus). AB - The thiostrepton-resistance-conferring plasmid pIJ702 was integrated into the ermE region of the chromosome of erythromycin (Er)-producing bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Streptomyces erythraeus) by single, reciprocal (Campbell) recombination between DNA cloned in the vector and homologous nucleotide sequences in the chromosome. Genetic mapping experiments by conjugational transfer were used to establish that the ErR gene, ermE, was located close to the Er-production loci eryA34 and eryB25. PMID- 3220255 TI - Vectors for efficient expression in mammalian fibroblastoid, myeloid and lymphoid cells via transfection or infection. AB - We have constructed two related types of multi-cloning mammalian expression vectors. The first, pMPSVEH/HE, carries the promoter of the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV). This promoter was found to be stronger than both the SV40 early and the trans-activated human immunodeficiency virus promoters in many cell lines including human and rodent fibroblastoid, lymphoid or myeloid cells. The other, pBEH/HE, carries the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter and origin of replication. This offers the possibility of encapsidation in SV40 pseudovirions and subsequent gene transfer into, e.g., hemopoietic cells, via infection. The usefulness of the expression systems was tested with a number of genes and cell lines. PMID- 3220256 TI - Isolation of cDNA clones coding for mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA from the crustacean Artemia. AB - cDNA clones coding for Artemia mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) have been isolated. The clones cover from nucleotide 650 of the RNA molecule to its 3' end. The comparison of Artemia sequence with both vertebrate and invertebrate mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences has shown the existence of regions of high similarity between them. A model for the secondary structure of the 3' half of Artemia mitochondrial 16S rRNA is proposed. The size of the rRNA molecule has been estimated at 1.35 kb. Despite the similarity of the Artemia gene to insect rRNA in size, sequence and secondary structure, the G + C content of the Artemia gene (42%) is closer to that of mammals than to the insect genes. The number of mitochondria in Artemia has been estimated at 1500 per diploid genome in the cyst and 4000 in the nauplius. In contrast, the amount of mt 16S rRNA is constant at all stages of Artemia development. PMID- 3220257 TI - Sequence and structure of the mouse gene coding for the largest neurofilament subunit. AB - We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mouse gene encoding the neurofilament NF-H protein. The C-terminal domain of NF-H is very rich in charged amino acids (aa) and contains a 3-aa sequence, Lys-Ser-Pro, that is repeated 51 times within a stretch of 368 aa. The location of this serine-rich repeat in the phosphorylated domain of NF-H indicates that it represents the major protein kinase recognition site. The nfh gene shares two common intron positions with the nfl and nfm genes, but has an additional intron that occurs at a location equivalent to one of the introns in non-neuronal intermediate filament coding genes. This additional nfh intron may have been acquired via duplication of a primordial intermediate filament gene. PMID- 3220258 TI - Effect of ageing on the nerve fibre population of rat optic nerve. AB - The age-related changes in the number and density of optic nerve fibres were studied in 3-month-old (young), 12-month-old (adult), 20-month-old (senescent) and 30-month-old (aged) male Wistar rats. Two-micrometer-thick resin-embedded transverse sections of the optic nerve of animals of the different age groups were stained with toluidine blue and examined under a light microscope at low (X5) and high (X500) magnification. The optic nerve cross-sectional area and the number of nerve fibres with diameters shorter or longer than 1 micron were assessed by means of computerized image analysis. Optic nerve cross-sectional area is constant in young and adult rats, but is increased in senescence. The number of optic nerve fibres with a diameter less than 1 micron is decreased by about 18 and 12% in 20-month-old rats versus 3- and 12-month-old rats, respectively. The number of these nerve fibres is decreased by about 43, 39 and 30% in 30-month-old rats versus 3-, 12- and 20-month-old animals, respectively. In contrast no age-dependent changes were observed in nerve fibres with diameters greater than 1 micron. The present data suggest that age-related impairment of nerve cell population described by other authors in rat retina and visual cortex occurs also at the level of the optic nerve. PMID- 3220260 TI - Effects of long-term Hydergine administration on lipofuscin accumulation in senescent rat brain. AB - The effects of ageing and of 6 months of Hydergine treatment on lipofuscin deposition within the cytoplasma of pyramidal neurons of rat prefrontal cortex, hippocampus (fields CA1 and CA3) and of Purkinje neurons were assessed microfluorimetrically. No lipofuscin autofluorescence was detected in the nerve cell populations of 3-month-old rats, but lipopigment had accumulated in nerve cell bodies of 16-month-old animals and increased significantly thereafter in rats of 22 months of age. In 22-month-old rats, Hydergine administration (0.6 and 1 mg/kg p.o.) started at 16 months caused a significant dose-related decrease in lipofuscin accumulation within the cytoplasm of the various kinds of nerve cells examined. PMID- 3220259 TI - Differential growth inhibition of human diploid fibroblasts by 2-deoxyglucose and antimycin A with ageing in vitro. AB - The relative growth inhibitory effects of 2-deoxyglucose and antimycin A were monitored at five stages during the life-span in vitro of human diploid fibroblasts. A marked age-dependent response was observed with 2-deoxyglucose but not with antimycin A. The results confirm an increase in the rate of glycolysis with ageing, which appears to be independent of cellular mitochondrial respiratory chain capacity. This may be associated with reduced utilization of the hexose monophosphate shunt and a consequent decline in the availability of ribose moieties for nucleic acid biosynthesis. PMID- 3220261 TI - Effect of aging on hepatic clearance of vasopressin in Fischer 344 rats. AB - The effect of aging on vasopressin (VP) clearance was studied in male Fischer 344 rats 2 (young), 12 (adult) and 30 (old) months of age using in situ liver perfusion technique. The liver was perfused with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing 1% bovine serum albumin and VP (2 ng/ml), at a constant temperature of 37 +/- 0.5 degrees C and a flow rate of 150 ml/h for 120 min. Expressed per whole liver and per gram tissue, VP declined exponentially over the studied period fitting well to the curve y = bekx (p = 0.0001) in all three groups. The analysis of covariance revealed the slope of the VP decay curve to be steepest in old rats, significantly different from that of young (p = 0.0001 expressed per whole liver or per gram tissue) and adult (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.001, expressed per whole liver and per gram tissue, respectively) rats. This suggests that, at least in male Fischer 344 rats, the hepatic clearance of VP was fastest in old rats. PMID- 3220262 TI - Age changes in human bone: a microradiographic and histological study of subperiosteal and periosteal calcifications. AB - Age changes in subperiosteal areas of human bones are described in 56 subjects of both sexes aged 18-96 years, using microradiographic and histological analysis of thick undecalcified sections from the midshaft of the femur, the tibia, the third metacarpal bone and the third rib. Till the age of 39, most areas of the subperiosteal bone consist of circumferential fundamental lamellae. From the age of 48, certain areas of the subperiosteal bone appear hypercalcified, while in others mineral precipitations occur in the inner layer of the periosteum close to the bone cortex, involving the deep periosteal fibers. These periosteal calcifications should partially account for the increase in transverse diameter of bones throughout adult life. PMID- 3220263 TI - Study of skin ageing as a function of social and professional conditions: modification of the rheological parameters measured with a noninvasive method- indentometry. AB - Skin ageing was studied with a noninvasive method: indentometry. We measured two rheological parameters: resistance to pressure, indentation, under the pressure of 10 g/cm2, and elastic rebound, elasticity, after the removal of the pressure. We studied three different populations: cloistered nuns, white collar and blue collar workers. We found in all populations a steady decrease in elasticity as a function of age; this effect was always steeper in females. The working women lost their elasticity more rapidly than the nuns, and the male blue collar workers lost their elasticity more rapidly than the male white collar workers. The development of indentation as a function of age is somewhat different. The white collar males showed a steady loss of resistance to pressure with age much more rapidly than their blue collar counterparts. The females showed either a biphasic change (the nuns), no change at all (the white collar workers) or a loss of resistance to pressure (the blue collar workers). These results show that professional as well as social factors may influence skin ageing. PMID- 3220265 TI - Markers of the nutritional status in acutely ill elderly patients. AB - We recorded anthropometric and laboratory data in 98 sick old people on admission to a high-dependency unit. The measurement of triceps skinfold thickness and arm muscle area was feasible even in very ill people, while measurement of the body mass index was difficult and sometimes unreliable. Anthropometric measurements indicated that our study group was better nourished than a local population, with just 3 subjects (3%) being fat depleted and a further 4 (5%) being protein depleted. Serum albumin was the laboratory variable that correlated best with anthropometric parameters. However, it was low in 47% of the subjects, indicating that its lower reference value needs to be redefined in this select group. PMID- 3220264 TI - Gastric ulcer and stomach aging: pathophysiology and clinical implications. AB - 138 consecutive patients with endoscopically and histologically confirmed benign gastric ulcer were investigated in order to evaluate the relationship between aging and parameters relating to gastric ulcer pathophysiology and natural history: prevalence in dyspeptic patients referred to an endoscopic unit, recurrences, gastric acid secretory capacity, peptic activity, incidence of precancerous and neoplastic changes. On the basis of our results, different populations of gastric ulcer patients seem to be identifiable: (1) young patients (aged under 40), with low prevalence and recurrence rates, with acid capacity above normal range, high peptic activity and no risk for precancerous or neoplastic changes, (2) middleaged subjects (41-50), with high prevalence and recurrence rates, high peptic activity and acid activity within the normal range, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and low incidence of cancer, and (3) elderly patients (aged over 50), with lower prevalence and recurrence rates, frequent association with chronic atrophic gastritis, impaired acid and peptic secretion, in whom one may observe either an association of the ulceration with cancer or evolution of dysplasia into neoplasia. These observations confirm that elderly and middle-aged gastric ulcer patients should undergo routine follow up, and that pathophysiological data should be taken into account before deciding upon antiulcer therapy. PMID- 3220267 TI - Degenerative diseases of ageing as problems of natural selection. A commentary upon the concept of 'normal ageing'. AB - (1) The field of experimental gerontology is reviewed in relation to past and current views on the definitions and origins of degenerative diseases in relation to ageing. (2) It is concluded that the present concensus defines age-related degeneration of cells, tissues and failures of homeostasis as expressions of the accumulation of chemical and metabolic errors, which cause deviations from the precise structural specifications of youth. (3) Errors accumulate because to commit resources to correct them would reduce the materials and energy that could be devoted to reproduction. (4) The evolutionary perspective is that the balance between error correction and reproduction was set by natural selection in past environments where most members of the population died from accidental death, at, or close to, peak reproductive performance. (5) This opens up a theoretical pharmacological perspective where it might be possible to treat degenerative diseases by the activation of error detection and repair mechanisms. PMID- 3220266 TI - Meal-induced arterial blood pressure variations in the elderly. AB - The effect of a standard meal on arterial blood pressure (ABP) was investigated in a group of 14 healthy elderly subjects (age greater than or equal to 65 years) and 11 controls (age less than or equal to 45 years) by means of automated noninvasive ABP monitoring. The magnitude of postprandial ABP reduction was significantly greater in the elderly subjects (systolic ABP: -22.3 +/- 4.9 vs. 7.5 +/- 2.2 mm Hg; p less than 0.05; diastolic ABP: -13.7 +/- 3.1 vs. -6.2 +/- 1.4 mm Hg; p less than 0.05) and ABP decrease was not compensated by heart rate acceleration. PMID- 3220268 TI - [Various epidemiological characteristics of silicotuberculosis]. PMID- 3220269 TI - [Prognosis of the risk of development of non-occupational diseases among coal miners of the Donets Basin]. PMID- 3220270 TI - [A method of predicting air pollution in coal mines using new synthetic materials]. PMID- 3220271 TI - [Prevalence of chronic background and precancerous diseases in the manufacture of graphite articles]. PMID- 3220272 TI - [Acute and chronic changes in the respiratory system of workers exposed to tobacco dust]. PMID- 3220273 TI - [Antigens of the HLA system and silicosis]. PMID- 3220274 TI - [Mass screening of patients with pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 3220275 TI - [Possibility of using standardized models of work organization in the activities of a practicing physician]. PMID- 3220276 TI - [Comparative analysis of the methods of rapid detection of alcohol drinking in automobile drivers]. PMID- 3220277 TI - [Combining the processes of extraction and concentration of pesticides using a special device]. PMID- 3220280 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of working conditions of operators of floating hydraulic equipment]. PMID- 3220278 TI - [Diagnosis of disorders of bronchial patency in patients with silicosis]. PMID- 3220279 TI - [Possibility of using an electrostatic method of dust hydrosuppression during coal stripping at the Kansk-Achinsk Fuel Energy Complex]. PMID- 3220281 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with duplication of the mitral valve]. PMID- 3220282 TI - [Surgery of tachyarrhythmias of non-coronary origin]. PMID- 3220283 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the long-term results of the use of bioprostheses and ball-type mechanical heart valves]. PMID- 3220284 TI - [Echocardiographic semiotics of chronic post-embolic pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3220286 TI - [Reverse revascularization of the myocardium]. PMID- 3220285 TI - [State of the functional reserves and work capacity of subjects with a history of wounds of the heart and pericardium]. PMID- 3220287 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of congenital anomalies of the lungs in children]. PMID- 3220288 TI - [Current indications for surgery of transsternal transpericardial occlusion of the main bronchi and technics for its accomplishment]. PMID- 3220289 TI - [Thoracoscopic diagnosis of various types of intrathoracic tumors and cysts]. PMID- 3220291 TI - [Temporary endobronchial occlusion in surgical diseases of the lungs]. PMID- 3220290 TI - [Cancer of the lung: outlook on morbidity and improvement in diagnosis up to 1995]. PMID- 3220292 TI - [Causes of fatal outcome and their prevention in patients with tuberculosis of the lungs subjected to surgical interventions]. PMID- 3220294 TI - [Early surgical treatment of anterior mediastinitis in heart surgery]. PMID- 3220293 TI - [Correction of disorders of the cardiovascular system and factors of humoral regulation in patients with suppurative processes of the lungs in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 3220295 TI - [Treatment of a short burn stricture of the esophagus]. PMID- 3220296 TI - [Successful radical correction of a common ventricle in an infant in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 3220297 TI - [A case of distant transfemoral endoprosthesis of the thoracic artery using a self-fixing synthetic prosthesis in traumatic aneurysm]. PMID- 3220298 TI - [Successful reimplantation of a patch on a ventricular septal defect in a complex of measures for preventing early postoperative sepsis]. PMID- 3220299 TI - [2 cases of restoration of the main bronchi in children following their complete rupture]. PMID- 3220300 TI - [Recurrence of multiple hamartomas of the lung]. PMID- 3220302 TI - [A giant neurofibroma of the diaphragm]. PMID- 3220301 TI - [A combination of a burn stricture of the abdominal esophagus and a total cicatricial lesion of the stomach]. PMID- 3220303 TI - Ulcerative colitis specific cytotoxic IgG-autoantibodies against colonic epithelial cancer cells. AB - Serum antibodies cytotoxic to the colon cancer cell line RPMI 4788 were studied in 42 patients with ulcerative colitis, 61 patients with Crohn's disease, 27 patients with other inflammatory diseases (disease-controls) and 22 healthy controls. Cytotoxicity of antibodies towards RPMI 4788 was studied by means of a chromium release assay using peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes of healthy subjects as effector cells. Using a four hour antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity assay sera from 29% of ulcerative colitis patients contained antibodies cytotoxic for the target, while only 3% of the Crohn's patients and 6% of the disease controls and non of the healthy controls were positive. When an 18 hour assay was applied, however, not only 40% of ulcerative colitis patients, but also 14% of Crohn's patients and 21% of disease controls were found positive. The reactive antibody in the four hour assay was mainly of the IgG class, which points at a classical antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity mechanism. In the 18 hour cytotoxic assay IgG and particularly IgM antibodies were found to be reactive. This suggests that in the latter case other cellular cytotoxic mechanism might be involved. There was a significant inverse correlation between the appearance of the ulcerative colitis restricted IgG-anticolon epithelial cell antibodies (four hour assay) and the disease activity (p less than 0.01). Absorption studies showed that the reactive antigen is not specific for ulcerative colitis colonic tissue, but is similarly found in Crohn's bowel tissue, and to a lower extent in normal bowel, liver and kidney. The reactive antigen, however, could not be detected in brain and lymphoblastoid cells. PMID- 3220304 TI - Effect of alcohols on gastric and small intestinal apical membrane integrity and fluidity. AB - Duodenal and jejunal brush border membrane vesicle integrity was studied after in vitro treatment of rabbit tissue with ethyl, benzyl or octyl alcohol. The effects of the alcohols on gastric parietal cell apical and microsomal membrane vesicle integrity was also studied. Membrane vesicle integrity was determined from the enclosed volume of the vesicle preparations, measured as [14C]glucose space at equilibrium. Exposure of vesicles to the three alcohols caused concentration dependent decreases in enclosed volume. The rank order of potency of the alcohol was octyl greater than benzyl greater than ethyl. Concentrations greater than or equal to 10 mM benzyl alcohol significantly reduced the enclosed volume of duodenal or jejunal vesicles; jejunal vesicles were disrupted by 625 mM ethanol, whereas 2 M ethanol was required to disrupt the duodenal vesicles. Gastric apical membrane integrity was reduced with 0.25 M ethanol, the vesicles being approximately an order of magnitude more sensitive to ethanol than gross estimates of gastric mucosal damage, but 1 M ethanol was required to significantly damage gastric microsomes. All concentrations of benzyl or octyl alcohol tested (greater than or equal to 5 mM) reduced the enclosed volume of both gastric apical membrane vesicles and gastric microsomes. As determined by shrink-swell techniques, benzyl alcohol permeated duodenal vesicles at a faster rate than NH4Cl (apparent rate constant of 9.89 (0.71) X 10(-3)s-1 compared with 4.48 (0.23) X 10(-3)s-1). Therefore, reductions in enclosed volume in response to alcohol treatment could not be explained by alcohol induced osmotic shrinkage. The enclosed volume of the vesicles after alcohol treatment was negatively correlated with membrane fluidity suggesting a common causal effect, the increased fluidity increasing membrane fragility. Duodenal vesicles were more resistant to disruption by the alcohols compared with gastric and jejunal vesicles. PMID- 3220305 TI - Glucose-galactose malabsorption: demonstration of specific jejunal brush border membrane defect. AB - Jejunal brush border glucose transport was studied in a patient with glucose galactose malabsorption and in controls, using jejunal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) prepared from conventional jejunal biopsies. Whereas BBMV from controls showed a seven-fold enhancement of D-glucose uptake in the presence of an inwardly directed sodium gradient compared with its absence, no such enhancement was seen in the patient's vesicles. In BBMV from the patient, initial D-glucose uptake under sodium gradient conditions was only 10% of the mean control value. In contrast, sodium/proton exchange in BBMV from the patient was intact. These data provide the first unequivocal evidence that the jejunal brush border membrane is the site of a specific defect in sodium dependent glucose transport in glucose-galactose malabsorption. Measurement of glucose uptake by BBMV may well be the optimal diagnostic technique in this disorder. PMID- 3220306 TI - Assimilation of lactitol, an 'unabsorbed' disaccharide in the normal human colon. AB - The fate of orally ingested lactitol, a non-absorbed sugar, was measured in six healthy human subjects by following the three routes of disposal of universally 14C-labelled sugar. Lactitol was given as a 20 g daily dose to six healthy volunteers for 14 days and on the seventh day, 10 muCi of L-[U-14C]-lactitol was given with the unlabelled sugar and excretion of the 14C in breath, urine and faeces was followed. The peak of 14CO2 excretion occurred at six hours and total 14CO2 accounted for 62.9 (5.0)% of isotope given, whilst 6.5 (3.6)% and 2.0 (0.3)% of the label were recovered from faeces and urine respectively. These data suggest that lactitol is extensively metabolised in the human colon and that a significant proportion of the bacterial metabolites are available for colonic absorption. Calculation revealed that 54.5% of the theoretical energy content of this compound was utilised by the subjects. It is suggested that this sugar, and other soluble 'non-absorbed' sugars (lactulose, sorbitol, mannitol), may undergo a similar pattern of colonic metabolism and can be considered as reduced calorie compounds. PMID- 3220307 TI - Maturation of the rat small intestine at weaning: changes in epithelial cell kinetics, bacterial flora, and mucosal immune activity. AB - The relationship between maturation of the small intestine and change in mucosal immune activity was examined in the DA rat during the weaning period from 12 to 30 days. Two stages of jejunal maturation were observed: an initial stage of morphological development and crypt proliferation (days 12 to 22), followed by a period of stabilisation (days 24 to 30). By day 22 of the initial phase, villi increased principally in width but not in length, crypt length increased, and crypt cell production rate increased from 0.5 (day 12) to 11.1 (day 22) cells/crypt/hour. Various measures of mucosal immune activity showed a biphasic response. Up to days 20 to 22, the weight of the mesenteric lymph node increased seven-fold (p less than 0.0001), counts of jejunal eosinophils and goblet cells increased 3- (p less than 0.0001) and 19-fold (p less than 0.0001) respectively, and mean serum rat mucosal mast cell protease II, released from mucosal mast cells, increased from 24 (day 12) to 313 (day 22) ng/ml (p less than 0.0001). After day 22, mesenteric lymph node weight stabilised, eosinophil count stabilised and goblet cells decreased, serum rat mucosal mast cell protease II decreased three-fold (p less than 0.0001), and mean jejunal count of intraepithelial lymphocytes increased from 26 (day 22) to 54 (day 24) cells per mm of muscularis mucosae (p less than 0.0001), before stabilising. These results demonstrated a close association between maturation of the small intestine and change in activity of the mucosal immune system. PMID- 3220309 TI - Ultrastructural changes in internal anal sphincter in neurogenic faecal incontinence. AB - The ultrastructural features of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) muscle were studied in biopsies from five patients with neurogenic anorectal incontinence and six control subjects undergoing anorectal excision for cancer, or for inflammatory bowel disease. In the patients with idiopathic neurogenic anorectal incontinence the internal anal sphincter showed loss of smooth muscle cells, disruption of the normal relationships of the remaining cells, stretching of elastic tissue, and increased collagen fibril content. These ultrastructural changes in the morphology of the internal anal sphincter, although probably not the primary cause of faecal incontinence, have functional relevance in the clinical syndrome, as shown by the reduction in resting anal canal pressure found in some patients with this syndrome. PMID- 3220308 TI - Persistent diarrhoea in Zairian AIDS patients: an endoscopic and histological study. AB - To determine the aetiology of persistent diarrhoea in African patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 42 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and persistent diarrhoea were enrolled in a microbiological, endoscopic, and histological study. Cryptosporidium was the intestinal parasite most often identified (30%); Isospora belli was found in 12% of the patients. Histological examination of the duodenal mucosa showed a non specific inflammatory reaction in a significantly higher number of HIV seropositive patients (82%) than HIV-seronegative controls without diarrhoea (52%) (p = 0.02). Lymphocytes were more likely to be found in inflammatory reactions in HIV-seropositive patients than in controls (p less than 0.0001). Pathogens were observed in histological sections of the duodenum of HIV seropositive patients only (p = 0.002) and included cryptosporidia (four patients) Isospora belli (one), Strongyloides stercoralis (one), and Cryptococcus neoformans (one). On histological examination the rectal mucosa of HIV seropositive patients and controls was similar, except eosinophils were more likely to be present in inflammatory reaction in HIV-seropositive patients (p = 0.05) and enteric pathogens were observed only in HIV-seropositive patients (cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies (one) and Schistosoma mansoni (two). The aetiology of persistent diarrhoea in most African AIDS patients remains unclear. PMID- 3220311 TI - Salicylate effects on a monolayer culture of gastric mucous cells from adult rats. AB - Aspirin, acetyl salicylic acid, damages gastric mucosal cells. This effect is considered related to its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. On the other hand, sodium salicylate has been reported to be cytoprotective against drug damage to gastric mucosa in vivo. One reason for this difference is that salicylic acid, unlike acetyl salicylic acid does not inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by gastric mucosa in vivo. Previous studies on tissue culture cells from our laboratory have required gastric mucosa from fetal rats; this was time consuming and expensive. The purpose of this study was to develop a primary cell culture of adult rat fundic epithelial cells and to test the effect of sodium salicylate on: (1) prostaglandin (PGE2) production, (2) cell viability, (3) reducing cell damage by sodium taurocholate. Gastric epithelial cells were isolated from adult rat stomachs and cultured on collagen gel. Cells reached confluency on day 4 at which stage fibroblasts were rarely seen (less than 1%). Autoradiographic study showed that cultured cells incorporated [3-H] thymidine into nuclei. In histochemical studies, 94% of the cells contained PAS positive granules (mucous cells). Mucous granules were observed in the cytoplasm of the majority of cells by electronmicroscopy. These cells synthesised prostaglandin E2 as determined by radioimmunoassay. Indomethacin 10(-4) M strongly suppressed PGE2 production after 30 minutes while 10(-3) and 10(-4)M sodium salicylate had no effect. Pharmacologic concentrations of 10 mM sodium salicylate had no effect on PGE2 production at 30 minutes and only weakly inhibited production after one hour incubation. Sodium salicylate up to 30 mM had no effect on cell viability, a concentration of 50 mM being necessary to produce significant cell damage. Sodium salicylate 10 mM significantly protected cells against damage induced by 10 mM sodium taurocholate. We conclude: (i) adult rat gastric mucous epithelial cells can be successfully cultured in vitro; (ii) prostaglandin synthesis is inhibited by indomethacin but not by low doses of sodium salicylate; (iii) sodium salicylate does not damage gastric mucosal cells except at very high concentrations; (iv) sodium salicylate protects against damage to cells induced by sodium taurocholate. PMID- 3220310 TI - Changes in oesophageal wall biomechanics after portal vein banding and variceal sclerotherapy measured by a new technique. An experimental study in rabbits. AB - The biomechanical properties of the oesophageal wall were investigated in a rabbit model using a four electrode impedance technique. A specially designed probe with the electrodes inside a low pressure expandable insulating latex balloon was introduced in the oesophagus. Stepwise inflation and deflation was done for analysis of oesophageal compliance and hysteresis. The rabbits were allocated to three groups: a control group, one with oesophageal varices and one with varices which were treated by sclerotherapy. The oesophageal varices were induced by portal banding five months before the investigation. A uniform pattern of changes in the biomechanical properties of the oesophageal wall was seen in the group with oesophageal varices when compared with controls. The compliance was significantly decreased, and the hysteresis was lessened. Endoscopic sclerotherapy changed the wall properties to a pattern not distinguishable from normal. Thus, in vivo investigation of the biomechanical wall properties showed a significant loss of distensibility of the oesophagus with varices and restorement of the wall distensibility when the varices were treated with endoscopic sclerotherapy. PMID- 3220313 TI - Benign oesophageal stricture in Barrett's columnar epithelialised oesophagus and its responsiveness to conservative management. AB - The response to treatment of peptic oesophageal stricture associated with columnar lined (Barretts) oesophagus (CLO) has been compared with that in peptic stricture without CLO. Benign oesophageal stricture was present in 23 (41%) of 56 patients consecutive with CLO. In 18 the stricture lay at the squamocolumnar mucosal junction and was associated with reflux oesophagitis, in five it was situated in the columnar lined segment and in four of these it was known to have been preceded by a chronic ulcer at the site of the stricture. Controls were an age and sex matched group of patients with benign stricture related to reflux oesophagitis unassociated with columnar epithelialisation. CLO associated strictures involving squamous mucosa were situated significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in the oesophagus than non-CLO strictures. The response to endoscopic dilatation and active medical treatment was significantly better, as judged by the need for subsequent dilatation (p less than 0.01) in the CLO than in the non-CLO group. It is concluded that associated columnar epithelialisation of the oesophagus is not in itself an indication for antireflux surgery in the management of benign stricture and these usually respond well to dilatation and medical treatment. PMID- 3220312 TI - Effect of 'weekend therapy' with omeprazole on basal and stimulated acid secretion and fasting plasma gastrin in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - The effect of intermittent dosage with omeprazole on basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion and fasting plasma gastrin was assessed in eight duodenal ulcer subjects who were in remission. Omeprazole (20 mg daily) was given for a three day 'weekend' each week for two months. Twenty four hours after the first and eighth weekend, basal and peak acid output were still markedly suppressed (greater than 50%) compared with pretreatment. After the treatment free four days, however (just before the eighth weekend), peak acid output had returned to pretreatment values; basal acid output was still somewhat reduced (mean 3.6 mmol/l) but the difference from baseline was not statistically significant. Fasting plasma gastrin concentration increased slightly but significantly, from a baseline median of 17 pmol/l to 25 and 31 pmol/l respectively, 24 hours after the first and eighth weekends. All but two values (of 16) remained within the reference range. Before the fourth and eighth weekends, and again at 12 days and three months after treatment, gastrin values were not significantly different from baseline. Thus a 'weekend therapy' regimen with this long acting antisecretory compound produces substantial acid suppression, but for only part of the week, with modest and reversible changes in fasting plasma gastrin. It should therefore be suitable for efficacy testing for prevention of recurrence of peptic ulcer or reflux oesophagitis. PMID- 3220315 TI - Evaluation of applied potential tomography as a new non-invasive gastric secretion test. AB - Applied potential tomography (APT) is a new, non-invasive technique that can yield sequential images of changes in the resistivity of gastric contents. Studies were performed to investigate the application of APT to measure gastric acid secretion. Experiments in 20 normal volunteers showed that changes in gastric resistivity were closely correlated with changes in the volume (r = 0.80), the acidity (r = 0.83) and the total conductivity of gastric contents (r = 0.87). Studies in 13 patients referred for a pentagastrin test showed that changes in gastric resistivity before pentagastrin were closely correlated with basal acid output measured on a separate occasion (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001), while changes in gastric resistivity after pentagastrin were correlated with maximal acid output (r = 0.58, p less than 0.05). Ingestion of alcohol by six normal subjects decreased gastric resistivity markedly, probably due to alcohol induced gastric acid secretion as it was prevented by cimetidine. Applied potential tomography is a safe non-invasive method of measuring gastric acid secretion. The equipment is simple to use, and the test is comfortable and acceptable to patients. PMID- 3220314 TI - Determination of total gastric volume, gastric secretion and residual meal using the double sampling technique of George. AB - In literature several techniques are described for the measurement of gastric emptying. One of these is the double sampling technique of George which has the advantage that it enables multiple measurements of total gastric volume in one experiment. In order to estimate net gastric emptying, however, it is important to differentiate between the test meal volume present in the stomach and gastric secretion. In the present study George's technique was extended with a calculation procedure to estimate gastric secretion and net test meal outflow. An in vitro experiment was carried out which showed an accuracy of 5-10% for this method. An in vivo comparison was made with Hunt's chloride technique, which is used for estimating gastric secretion. Sixteen subjects participated in a 60 minute test with water as a test meal. Regression analysis showed a high degree of correlation (R2 = 0.99) between Hunt's method and the proposed method. The data obtained indicate that the proposed method gives a reliable estimation of net gastric emptying and is simple to do as no further measurements have to be carried out other than those needed for George's method. PMID- 3220316 TI - Primary polydipsia and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 3220317 TI - Effect of pregnancy on the lamina dura. AB - Serum chemistry studies and radiological examination of the lamina dura and phalanges were conducted in 50 pregnant women, 25 of whom had been administered calcium and vitamin D supplements during the 3rd trimester. The non-supplemented pregnant women showed significant hypocalcaemia, elevated serum heat-labile alkaline phosphatase activity, and resorption of the lamina dura. The supplemented group of pregnant women also showed resorption of the lamina dura, although the serum chemistry was essentially normal. It is suggested that, probably because of gestational hyperparathyroidism, mild resorption of the lamina dura may be a feature of normal pregnancy. PMID- 3220318 TI - Oviductal damage and the effect of estradiol. AB - Predictable and reproducible epithelial damage can be created by prolonged splinting of the oviduct. Splinting is associated with the flattening of the mucosal folds, pressure atrophy and deciliation of the epithelium. To overcome this detrimental effect, a silastic splint releasing 3 micrograms/day of estradiol has been compared to an inert splint in rabbits. Scanning electron microscopic observations demonstrated a lesser mucosal damage and reciliation with the steroid-releasing splint. PMID- 3220319 TI - Efficacy of a modified oxidized cellulose fabric in the prevention of adhesion formation. AB - A new fabric of regenerated oxidized cellulose (TC-7) was evaluated for the prevention of postoperative adhesions. Standardized injuries were performed on the uterine fundal serosa, the unilateral uterine cornu, and the contralateral ovary in 24 New Zealand rabbits. TC-7 was applied to the injured surfaces in 12 rabbits utilizing a randomized study design. At second-look laparotomy 3 weeks later, adhesions were graded without knowledge of the treatment category in the 22 rabbits surviving the study. There were no statistically significant differences in adhesion formation between treated and control animals at any of the injury sites. No gross or histologic residua of the TC-7 were evident 3 weeks after intraperitoneal application. Further studies will be needed to clarify the clinical role of this new fabric. PMID- 3220320 TI - Immunoradiometric studies with a monoclonal antibody against an estrogen-receptor related protein in human breast cancer. AB - The concentration of P29, a phosphoprotein related to estradiol receptor (RE), was measured by an immunoradiometric assay in human breast cancer cytosol and the results compared with the levels of RE and progesterone receptors (RP), as measured by the classical ligand-binding assay. Good linear correlation was found between P29 and RE, but not RP. Tumors which were positive for both RE and RP had a higher P29 mean value than RE-negative, RP-negative tumors. Menopausal status of the patients influenced the result, since premenopausal women had lower mean concentrations or were P29-positive less frequently than postmenopausal women. RE negative, RP-positive tumors tended to have positive P29 levels. The correlation between RE and P29 corroborates results obtained with other techniques and supports a role for P29 in predicting response to hormonal treatment. PMID- 3220321 TI - Characterization of secretin-like immunoreactivity in pregnancy. AB - The plasma secretin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in 23 healthy females was elevated in late pregnancy (34 +/- 3 pmol/l) as compared with 23 non-pregnant female controls (12 +/- 2 pmol/l; p less than 0.01). The plasma SLI in pregnancy eluted close to albumin on a Sephadex G-200 column, whereas 50-75% of the recovered SLI was displaced to the elution volume of free secretin when plasma was exposed to 6 mol/l urea. When 125I-labelled secretin was incubated with plasma in the absence of secretin antibodies, 40% of the intact label eluted in the void volume of a Sephadex G-50 Fine column in pregnancy, compared with only 18% in the nonpregnant state. The present study supports the notion that secretin circulates bound to plasma proteins and suggests that the protein binding of secretin is enhanced in late pregnancy, a feature common to several classical hormones. PMID- 3220322 TI - [Effects of traxanox sodium on experimental nasal allergy]. AB - The anti-allergic actions of traxanox sodium pentahydrate (traxanox) were examined using experimental allergic rhinitis models. Traxanox (10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.), tranilast (30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG, 3 and 10 mg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently inhibited the increase of dye leakage in rats actively sensitized with dinitrophenol-coupled ascaris extract. Traxanox was about 4 times more potent than tranilast. In this test, the inhibitory activity of traxanox (30 mg/kg, p.o.) was not affected by predosing with the same dose for 7 days. In addition, traxanox (1-10 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited the allergically induced increase in nasal resistance of guinea pigs actively sensitized with egg albumin, while tranilast (10 mg/kg, i.v.), DSCG (100 mg/kg, i.v.) and mepyramine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) had little effect. These results suggest that traxanox may be clinically effective in treating patients with nasal allergies. PMID- 3220323 TI - [Experimental knee pain model in rats and analgesic effect of sodium hyaluronate (SPH)]. AB - Using the model of knee pain reaction induced by intra-articular injection of endogenous pain substances, especially bradykinin (BK) in rats, the mechanism of the analgesic effect of sodium hyaluronate (SPH) was investigated. The simultaneous administration of prostaglandin E2 with BK or hyaluronidase digestion of endogenous hyaluronic acid (HA) in our experiments brought remarkable hyperalgesia on BK-induced knee pain. These results suggest that higher sensitivity to the pain reaction is induced in a diseased joint (higher prostaglandin content, lower concentration and molecular size of HA in synovial fluid) than in a normal one. SPH definitely decreased BK-induced pain, and its analgesic effect was observed for a longer period, depending on its dose in pre treatment and the degree of its distribution in synovial tissues. As the analgesic effect of SPH was observed in the hyaluronidase-treated joint as well, it is suggested that the increasing viscosity of synovial fluid caused by increasing HA concentration can decrease the pain even without normalizing molecular size of HA in the joint. HA oligomer and other compounds with similar viscosity or with similar polyanionic character as SPH showed no analgesic effect. From these results, it seems that the characteristic steric configurations of higher molecular HA are needed for the manifestation of the analgesic effect. SPH seems to show its analgesic effect by covering pain receptors in synovial tissues and holding endogenous pain substances in its molecule. PMID- 3220325 TI - Protein-related differences in the excretion of nitrosoproline and nitrate by the rat--possible modification of de novo nitrate synthesis. AB - Male Ola:SD rats were fed purified diets containing 5 or 20% lactalbumin as the source of protein, and the daily urinary excretion of nitrate and nitrosoproline was measured. Animals fed the high-protein diet consistently excreted more nitrate and nitrosoproline than littermates fed the low-protein ration, despite a similar, negligible amount of nitrate in both diets. Furthermore, whereas nitrite administration enhanced nitrosoproline excretion in both diet groups, nitrate administration increased nitrosamine output in the low-protein animals but did not affect nitrosation by rats given the 20% lactalbumin ration. Animals fed the 5% lactalbumin diet produced a smaller volume of urine than did the 20% diet group but other measurements of renal function were comparable for both treatments. The results suggest differences in endogenous nitrosation between rats fed diets high or marginal in protein, possibly reflecting decreased nitrate synthesis in the low-protein group. PMID- 3220326 TI - Interaction of nitrite with catalase in the perfused rat liver. AB - The interaction of nitrite with catalase was investigated spectrophotometrically in the perfused rat liver. Real-time spectral changes were obtained using a reflectance scanning spectrophotometer in the liver perfused with a haemoglobin free medium in a non-recirculating system. Administration of sodium nitrite caused a specific pattern of spectral change indicating the decomposition of catalase compound I to free catalase. The spectral change due to the interaction with nitrite did not occur during potassium cyanide or ethanol infusion, nor in the aminotriazole-pretreated rat liver. The spectral change was observed at concentrations of nitrite in the perfusate over 0.01 mM, and the K0.5 value (the concentration producing half the maximum spectral change) was 0.06 mM. It was concluded that relatively low concentrations of nitrite caused decomposition of catalase compound I in the physiologically functioning liver cell. PMID- 3220324 TI - The role of intestinal microflora in the metabolism of trichothecene mycotoxins. AB - The role of faecal and intestinal microflora on the metabolism of trichothecene mycotoxins was examined in this study. Suspensions of microflora obtained from the faeces of horses, cattle, dogs, rats, swine and chickens were incubated anaerobically with the trichothecene mycotoxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS). Micro organisms from rats, cattle and swine completely biotransformed DAS, primarily to the deacylated deepoxidation products, deepoxy monoacetoxyscirpenol (DE MAS) and deepoxy scirpentriol (DE SCP). By contrast, faecal microflora from chickens, horses and dogs failed to reduce the epoxide group in DAS and yielded only the deacylation products, monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS) and scirpentriol (SCP), in addition to unmetabolized parent compound. Intestinal microflora obtained from rats completely biotransformed DAS to DE MAS, DE SCP and SCP; and T-2 toxin to the deepoxy products, deepoxy HT-2 (DE HT-2) and deepoxy T-2 triol (DE TRIOL). Rat intestinal microflora also biotransformed the polar trichothecenes, T-2 tetraol and scirpentriol, to their corresponding deepoxy analogues. Deepoxy T-2 toxin (DE T-2) was synthesized from T-2 toxin and demonstrated to be 400 times less toxic than T-2 toxin in the rat skin irritation bioassay and non-toxic to mice given 60 mg/kg ip, demonstrating that epoxide reduction is a significant single step detoxification reaction for trichothecene mycotoxins. PMID- 3220327 TI - A comparison of the carcinogenicity of N-nitrosodiethylamine and N nitrosodimethylamine after intratracheal instillation into Syrian golden hamsters. AB - N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were instilled intratracheally into male Syrian golden hamsters once a week for 15 wk. The total dosages were 1.5 mg and 7.5 mg of NDEA and 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg of NDMA. A control group simultaneously received phosphate buffer vehicle. Tumours related to instillation appeared principally in the respiratory tract and the liver. Over the entire lifespan of the animals tumour incidence rates in the respiratory tract were 100% in both the NDEA groups, 6% in both NDMA groups and 8% in the control group. The total incidences of liver tumours were 6% in the 0.75 mg NDMA group, 19% in the 1.5 mg NDMA group, zero in the NDEA groups, and 4% in the control group. These results indicate that, when administered by this route, NDEA is a much more potent carcinogen in the respiratory tract than is NDMA but NDMA alone seems to be carcinogenic to the liver, at a total dosage of 1.5 mg. PMID- 3220329 TI - The occurrence of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in oral tobacco products and their potential formation under simulated gastric conditions. AB - The levels of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines: N-nitrosoanabasine, N nitrosoanatabine, N-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl) 1-butanone in a variety of chewing tobaccos, oral snuffs, masheri and zarda samples were determined. The potential endogenous formation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines was estimated by incubation of tobacco samples at pH 2.0 for 1 hr at 37 degrees C and over the pH range 1.0 to 5.5 under conditions simulating the normal fasting stomach, with a constant nitrite concentration of 25 microM. Under the simulated gastric conditions, N-nitrosoanabasine, N-nitrosoanatabine and N nitrosonornicotine were formed, and maximum formation of these tobacco-specific nitrosamines occurred at pH 2.5. Nicotine, the major alkaloid present in tobacco and precursor to N-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl) 1-butanone, was not nitrosated. The formation of N-nitrosonornicotine resulted from nitrosation of nornicotine, another alkaloid also present in tobacco. Under the acidic simulated gastric conditions, slight decomposition of 4-(N nitrosomethyl-amino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone via transnitrosation was observed. PMID- 3220328 TI - Evaluation of the oral toxicity of potassium nitrite in a 13-week drinking-water study in rats. AB - A subchronic oral toxicity study with potassium nitrite (KNO2) was carried out in rats. Groups of ten male and ten female 6-wk-old rats received KNO2 in the drinking-water (tap-water) at levels of 0, 100, 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/litre for a period of 13 wk. The potassium concentration in the nitrite solutions was equalized by adding potassium chloride (KCl) up to the potassium level of the 3000-mg KNO2/litre solution. An additional group of ten males and ten females received drinking-water supplemented with KCl only, at an amount resulting in a potassium concentration equivalent to that of the 3000-mg KNO2/litre solution. Body weight, food intake and food efficiency were decreased at 3000-mg/litre level in males, while liquid intake was decreased in males given 1000 and 3000 mg/litre and in females given 3000 mg/litre. There was significant increase in the methaemoglobin concentration in animals given 3000 mg/litre, while slight decreases in red blood cell variables occurred at the 1000- and 3000-mg/litre dose. No impaired renal function was observed in any of the test groups, although the relative weight of the kidneys and the plasma urea nitrogen level was increased at 3000 mg/litre. There was a slight decrease in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity at 3000 mg/litre. A small amount of nitrite was present in the saliva of the rats receiving 3000 mg/litre but there was no evidence of increased mutagenic activity in the urine of these rats. Interestingly, hypertrophy of the adrenal zone glomerulosa was observed in all test groups, the incidence and degree being dose related. It was concluded that in the study reported here the no-effect level is lower than 100 mg KNO2/litre in the drinking water, which is equivalent to a level lower than 10 mg KNO2/kg body weight/day. PMID- 3220330 TI - Silicone implant arthroplasty for second metatarsophalangeal joint disorders with and without hallux valgus deformities. AB - Subluxation or dislocation of the second metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) is usually associated with a hammertoe deformity and, frequently, with a significant hallux valgus deformity. Although the joint itself may be painful, there is also pain in the hammertoe deformity, especially when the patient is wearing closed shoes. A painful intractable plantar keratosis is usually present. We reviewed all of our patients with second MTPJ subluxation or dislocation, in whom a double stem silicone implant had been used to relocate the joint. In 31 feet of 28 patients, 32 implants were used. All but six feet with advanced degenerative joint disease secondary to Freiberg's infraction had severe associated forefoot pathology that necessitated surgical correction. Several feet had previous bunion operations as well as operations on the second toe. In addition to the second toe, we performed hallux valgus corrections in 23 feet, seven of which were revision procedures. At an average follow-up time of 37 months, good results were seen in 20 feet (63%), good results with reservations in eight feet (25%), and failure in four feet (12%). Transfer metatarsalgia was the most frequent complication. The implants remained stable, and in only one was there a suspected fracture. More optimum results might have been achieved had there been better correction of the hallux valgus deformities, more frequent correction of the hammertoe deformity, and less resection of the second metatarsal head. These patients with pathology usually involving both the first and second MTPJ are difficult to treat, therefore. Their results are less predictable and not as favorable as those achieved for patients with isolated similar deformities. PMID- 3220331 TI - Treatment of metatarsalgia by sliding distal metatarsal osteotomy. AB - A consecutive series of 113 patients who had distal sliding metatarsal osteotomy performed between 1976 and 1983 at Winford Orthopaedic Hospital were reviewed. All patients originally had symptoms and signs of pressure metatarsalgia. A total of 124 feet in 94 patients were available for assessment. Review was performed using a symptomatic scoring system, clinical examination, AP and lateral standing radiographs, and walking foot pressure studies obtained from a Harris-Beath mat. The mean follow-up period was 3 years and 4 months (range nine to 102 months). Symptomatically, 58 feet (47%) were rated as good, 43 (34%) as fair, and 23 (19%) as poor. Eighteen feet (14%) had required revision procedures prior to the time of review because of persistent symptoms. Persistent tender prominence of one or more metatarsal heads associated with plantar callosities was seen in 49 feet (40%). Results were significantly worse in patients older than 65 years of age, when first and fifth metatarsal osteotomies were performed, and when plaster immobilization was used postoperatively. PMID- 3220332 TI - The influence of dorsiflexion in the treatment of severe ankle sprains: an anatomical study. AB - Cadaver studies were performed to examine the applicability of ankle position to the treatment of ruptured fibulocollateral ligaments. Nonembalmed cadaver specimens were studied with anterior drawer and talar tilt stresses before and after division of the ligaments to simulate the sprained ankle. Dorsiflexion completely reduced the anteriorly subluxed talus and apposed the ends of the anterior talofibular ligament in specimens with divided lateral collateral ligaments. The dorsiflexion angle required to reduce the unstable ankle varied from 5 degrees to 15 degrees. These studies suggest that positioning the ankle in dorsiflexion instead of neutral or plantar flexion may have advantages in promoting a stable ankle if immobilization is chosen for treating a grade III sprain. PMID- 3220333 TI - Recurrent pain following interdigital neurectomy--a plantar approach. AB - Thirty patients with 39 recurrent interdigital neuromas were evaluated to determine the success of subsequent surgery. Two surgical techniques were used to resect the nerve over a 2.5-year period and their results were compared. One consisted of exposure through the previous dorsal incision and the other of exposure through a transverse plantar incision proximal to the metatarsal heads. Overall results revealed significant improvement for greater than 80% of patients after their final operation. Less than 50% gained complete relief, however, and 58% experienced persistent discomfort in certain types of shoes. The plantar approach offers a simplified, less traumatic exposure of the nerve in a more proximal location. No healing problems were encountered with the proximal plantar incision. PMID- 3220334 TI - Subtalar and intertarsal joint involvement in hemophilia and juvenile chronic arthritis: frequency and diagnostic significance of radiographic abnormalities. AB - Because radiological distinction between hemophilia and juvenile chronic arthritis can be difficult, the ankle and foot radiographs of patients affected by these two disorders were evaluated to compare the frequency and pattern of joint involvement. No statistical difference was noted between the frequency of posterior subtalar joint involvement in the two disorders, but, in the juvenile chronic arthritis group, more than 90% of the abnormal posterior subtalar joints were associated with intertarsal involvement. This association was never found in patients with hemophilia. Isolated tibiotalar joint involvement without subtalar abnormalities was significantly more frequent in hemophilia than in juvenile chronic arthritis. Although clinical differentiation between the two disorders is easily made, intertarsal joint involvement could be a useful feature in the radiological distinction of hemophilia and juvenile chronic arthritis. PMID- 3220335 TI - Hemangiosarcoma of the left foot and tibia: case report. AB - A case of a hemangiosarcoma involving the bones of the foot in a diabetic patient who had swelling of the left foot is reported. Radiographs demonstrated multiple lytic areas throughout the bones of the foot. Clinically and radiographically, infection was suspected, but the biopsy revealed the presence of tumor. Metastases to the tibia were found and an above the knee amputation was performed. Chemotherapy was given, but 6 months later the patient died. Hemangiosarcoma is known to involve the different bones of the foot in a "multicentric" fashion and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lytic lesions of multiple bones of the lower extremities. PMID- 3220338 TI - [Verbal or nonverbal diagnosis of intelligence in speech-handicapped children]. PMID- 3220336 TI - Weightbearing roentgenograms in arthritis of the ankle: a case report. AB - In specific situations the nonweightbearing roentgenograms of the ankle do not correlate with clinically suspected ankle malalignment or arthrosis, and weightbearing roentgenograms of the ankle joint can be quite helpful. The nature and severity of ankle arthrosis may not be detected with standard x-rays alone. A case is described in which these views contributed significantly to the clinical treatment of a rheumatoid patient. PMID- 3220337 TI - Subglottal air pressure in spastic dysphonia speech. PMID- 3220339 TI - Electromyographic study of emphatic consonants in standard Jordanian Arabic. PMID- 3220340 TI - [The effect of respiration on speech motor reaction time]. PMID- 3220341 TI - [Voice changes in growth disorders of hypophyseal etiology]. PMID- 3220342 TI - Functional aphonia: psychosomatic aspects of diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 3220343 TI - Vowel intrinsic pitch in infants. PMID- 3220344 TI - [Motor disorders in children with delayed speech development]. PMID- 3220345 TI - The routine profiling of forensic heroin samples. AB - A method for the routine profiling of illicit heroin samples received in casework has been developed which depends on simple and straightforward sample pretreatment, followed by gas chromatography on a capillary column using flame ionization detection. The factors affecting the choice of each aspect of the procedure are discussed, as are the statistical data for sampling and the chromatography. Components of illicit heroin derived from opium and other adulterants have been identified. The significance of data from samples examined in 1986 is discussed. PMID- 3220346 TI - Toxicology case data reporting system. AB - A computerized system has been organized to serve the toxicology sections of seven R.C.M.P. laboratories across Canada. Scientists may view and retrieve information concerning drugs and drug combinations, blood and liver drug concentrations, etc. from cases of sudden death or impaired driving which were analyzed in the laboratories. This has proven to be a great help in interpreting toxicology case results for the investigator or the courts and also in choosing methodology to be used in analyzing specimens for unusual drugs or poisons. PMID- 3220347 TI - Organophosphate related fatalities--a violitional biohazard? AB - A study of deaths due to organophosphate and related "cholinesterase-inhibiting" pesticides was performed on the case files of the office of the Medical Examiner in Metropolitan Dade County in Miami, Florida, USA. Briefly, a comparison was performed between cases which occurred between the years 1961-1965, when such pesticides were used indiscriminately and before stricter laws regulating their use were enacted, and with a series of cases occurring between the years, 1981 85, after such stricter laws were enacted. The occurrence of such deaths dropped dramatically with the decease in organophosphate use. A discussion ensues, along with specific information for the reader, on how the forensic scientist may help ameliorate their environment. PMID- 3220348 TI - The morphogenesis of electrically and heat-induced dermal changes in pig skin. AB - In order to establish pathological evidence in dermis for distinguishing between sequelae of electrical torture and those of other superficial injuries, the skin of eleven fully anaesthetized Danish Landrace pigs have been exposed to heat and electrical energy from either 50 Hz alternating current (a.c.) or direct current (d.c.) via 12 mm large contact knobs or via a pointed 0.5 mm large electrode (only 50 Hz a.c.). The lesions have been examined from 1 to 126 days after the injury. While heat lesions exposed to energy lower than 60 joule only gave minor changes, heat lesions exposed to more than 60 joule showed changes in both collagen fibres (basophilic or eosinophilic fibres without any birefringence or coarse cross-striation in polarized light, respectively) and dermal cells (granular cytoplasm). Areas exposed to 50 Hz a.c. via 0.5 mm. electrode showed basophilic collagen fibres and in a few biopsies on day 7 calcium salts on collagen fibres. Using 12 mm large electrodes the changes were minor, but basophilic and eosinophilic collagen fibres with no birefringence or with fine/coarse cross-striation respectively were seen. Even cells with 'vesicular nuclei' were seen on day 1 and 2 after the injury. The changes in the anode area showed resemblance to that of heat lesions (basophilic collagen fibres). Eosinophilic collagen fibres with fine densely spaced cross-striation in polarized light and 'vesicular nuclei' as well as collagen fibres with calcium salts were seen in the cathode lesions. It is concluded that the dermal changes in the cathode area are specific for electrical injury from day 1 to 14. However, earlier studies have demonstrated dermal changes specific for electrical injury at day 0 and the presence of calcified collagen fibres up to 2 months after injury. The dermal changes in anode lesions were non specific and could not be differentiated from those found in heat lesions. Alternating current lesions (50 Hz) were specific from day 1 to day 7, when the pointed electrode was used, but only in a few days when the energy was transferred via the 12-mm electrodes. PMID- 3220349 TI - Pulmonary lymphatics in SIDS--a comparative morphometric study. AB - Pulmonary lymphatics in a group of SIDS cases were compared with a control group of a similar age distribution. The causes of death in the controls were known to be associated with varying degrees of pulmonary edema. The surface areas of pleural, interstitial, peribronchial, periarterial and perivenous lymphatics were planimetrically measured. The data were statistically tested. The tests showed that the pulmonary lymphatics of the SIDS group were significantly more distended than those of the control group as expressed by highly significant differences in their surface areas. On the whole 2142 lymphatics were measured; 1255 in the SIDS group, which consisted of slides from 10 cases and 887 in the control group which consisted of slides from 11 controls. Although the sample size imposes a limit on the general applicability of the results, the clear distinction between the two groups as shown by the tests do indicate a possible feature of SIDS--lymphatic stasis--which might be secondary to some impairment of lymphatic drainage. This in turn could induce subtle fibrotic changes in the connective tissue framework of these lungs. The results are presented in the light of the forensic significance of the signs of asphyxia frequently found in SIDS and the diagnostic difficulties encountered in differentiating between SIDS and mechanical asphyxia e.g. due to smothering. PMID- 3220350 TI - [Round table discussion on heterophoria, held at the 85th meeting of the German Society of Ophthalmology, September 1987, Heidelberg]. PMID- 3220351 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a new electronic tonometer]. PMID- 3220352 TI - [Ocular pressure tonometry--value as a procedure in the diagnosis of glaucoma in comparison with classical tonography]. PMID- 3220353 TI - [Long-term tonometry control of laser therapy of open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 3220354 TI - [Hemodynamics of the eye in chronic simple glaucoma and low tension glaucoma--a videoangiography study]. PMID- 3220355 TI - [Goniotrepanation with an inverse-folded flap]. PMID- 3220356 TI - [Long-term results following goniotrepanation (Elliot-Fronimopoulos)]. PMID- 3220357 TI - [Cataract operation and the remaining eye]. PMID- 3220358 TI - [Cataract operation with posterior chamber lens implantation following filtering glaucoma operation]. PMID- 3220359 TI - [Intraocular operations on remaining eyes--report of 145 interventions]. PMID- 3220360 TI - [Imaging of infrared cataract and infrared lamella with Scheimpflug photography]. PMID- 3220361 TI - [Nd:YAG laser effects on the anterior capsule of rabbit lenses]. PMID- 3220363 TI - [Lead-induced electroretinography changes in primates caused by long-term low level exposure]. PMID- 3220362 TI - [Significance of experimental cataracts for the development of senile cataracts exemplified by naphthalene and dimethyl sulfoxide-induced lens opacities]. PMID- 3220364 TI - [Evaluating the pressure tolerance of the optic nerve with facilitated transient visual evoked cortical potentials]. PMID- 3220365 TI - [Indocyanine green video fluorescence angiography: statistical image analysis for quantifying choroidal blood circulation]. PMID- 3220366 TI - [Retinal blood circulation times in patients with type II diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3220367 TI - [AIDS of the eye--a retrospective analysis of 70 HIV-infected patients]. PMID- 3220368 TI - [Concentration-related effects of viscoelastic substances on the cell growth of bovine corneal endothelial cells]. PMID- 3220369 TI - [Operations in primary glaucoma]. PMID- 3220370 TI - [Pathophysiology of glaucomatous visual field defects]. PMID- 3220371 TI - [Clinical and morphologic studies of capsular glaucoma in Japan]. PMID- 3220372 TI - Mechanisms of optic nerve damage in glaucoma. PMID- 3220373 TI - [Progression of glaucomatous visual field damage--a clinical study with the Delta program of the Octopus Perimeter 201 in assessing the effect of early damage on visual field loss in glaucoma simplex]. PMID- 3220374 TI - Congenital glaucoma: long-term results after surgery. PMID- 3220375 TI - [Chronic glaucoma following silicone oil implantation: a comparison of 2 oils of differing viscosity]. PMID- 3220377 TI - [Experimental studies of trans-scleral continuous wave Nd:YAG laser coagulation of the ciliary body]. PMID- 3220378 TI - [Impression cytology of the conjunctiva following high-dose brachytherapy of malignant melanoma of the uvea using 106Ru/106Rh applicators]. PMID- 3220376 TI - [Goniotrepanation in the treatment of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma]. PMID- 3220379 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the conjunctival surface in ocular dryness. PMID- 3220380 TI - [Continuous measurement of oxygen partial pressure in the conjunctiva palpebrae]. PMID- 3220383 TI - [Recurrent corneal erosion in epidermolysis bullosa simplex Kobner and X chromosomal ichthyosis]. PMID- 3220382 TI - [The effect of various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on corneal wound healing]. PMID- 3220384 TI - [Quantifying vital staining of the corneal endothelium by photometry]. PMID- 3220381 TI - [Brittle cornea syndrome: a hereditary disease of connective tissue with spontaneous corneal perforation]. PMID- 3220385 TI - [Application of unipolar diathermy to the sclera to modify corneal refraction]. PMID- 3220386 TI - [Experimental study of posterior capsule opacification and optic decentering of various posterior chamber lenses following intercapsular implantation]. PMID- 3220387 TI - [Experimental contribution to the lens-damaging effect of ultraviolet irradiation]. PMID- 3220388 TI - [Retinal effects produced by femotosecond laser pulse]. PMID- 3220389 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute retinal pigment epitheliitis]. PMID- 3220390 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomography of choroid melanoma]. PMID- 3220392 TI - [Experimental studies of the occlusion of choroid blood vessels by infrared coagulation with reference to tumor therapy]. PMID- 3220391 TI - [Choroid melanoma-induced secondary glaucoma with special reference to histologic findings]. PMID- 3220393 TI - [Plasma exchange with human albumin or preserved serum and infusion therapy with preserved serum in posterior and intermediate uveitis]. PMID- 3220394 TI - [Granuloma gangraenescens with bilateral anterior uveitis]. PMID- 3220395 TI - [Modification of hemorrheologic and laboratory chemical parameters by infusion therapy and preserved serum and by plasma exchange with human albumin and preserved serum in patients with posterior and intermediate uveitis]. PMID- 3220396 TI - [Pattern evoked retinal and cortical potentials in tapetoretinal dystrophy]. PMID- 3220397 TI - [High resolution control of the central visual field with a video campimeter]. PMID- 3220398 TI - [Physiologic sensory studies in glaucoma]. PMID- 3220399 TI - [Specific changes in the pattern electroretinogram in the early stages of glaucoma]. PMID- 3220400 TI - [The haplophotometer--a new kind of instrument for measuring slight disorders of visual afference--instrument description and examples of its use]. PMID- 3220401 TI - [Shotgun injuries of the eye]. PMID- 3220402 TI - [Indications for magnetic resonance tomography of the orbit]. PMID- 3220403 TI - [Benign and malignant schwannoma of the orbit--clinical picture and histopathologic diagnosis]. PMID- 3220404 TI - [Modified frontalis sling operation using a silicone rod]. PMID- 3220405 TI - [Ischemic ophthalmopathy, cause and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 3220406 TI - [Sexually transmitted diseases/AIDS. Few foreign travelers are HIV positive]. PMID- 3220407 TI - [Status of regional hyperthermia. Combination with systemic chemotherapy in malignant tumors of the pelvis]. PMID- 3220408 TI - [Group work--but with whom? Tips for conducting group therapy--3]. PMID- 3220409 TI - [Autologous blood donation--the solution to many problems? Fear of AIDS- preservation of autologous blood is now implemented commercially]. PMID- 3220410 TI - [The Mannheim Peritonitis Index. Its reliability for the assessment of prognosis in peritonitis patients]. PMID- 3220412 TI - [AIDS. High probability of the disease for HIV-infected patients?]. PMID- 3220411 TI - [Endoscopy in transition. Video endoscopes replace glass fiber systems--uses of the new technic?]. PMID- 3220413 TI - [Acute appendicitis: immediate operation. Key findings: pain on pressure with defensive contraction--differential diagnosis]. PMID- 3220414 TI - [No insurance protection in AIDS. Legal cases in insurance: AIDS, organ damage]. PMID- 3220415 TI - [The helplessness of the physician in the treatment of chronic and terminally ill patients]. PMID- 3220416 TI - [Bacterial colonization of the cervix in early and late pregnancy. Risk of infection in chorionic villi aspiration]. PMID- 3220417 TI - [National Institute. USA promotes AIDS research with a new Institute]. PMID- 3220418 TI - [Group work in the waiting room. Tips for therapy--4]. PMID- 3220419 TI - [Periventricular attenuation of the density of cerebral hemisphere white matter in computerized tomography of neuropsychiatric patients in the 2d half of life. Diagnostic significance and pathogenesis]. AB - The images of cranial computed tomographies on 7.921 patients aging between 50 and 98 years were analyzed retrospectively concerning the occurrence of WMLA. 3.344 patients were suffering from psychogeriatric disorders (organic brain syndrome, dementia, depressive or delusional psychoses). Neurological diagnoses (stroke, TIA, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, space occupying lesions, seizures, cerebral trauma, vertigo, chronic headache) occurred in 4.577 patients. WMLA was established in 761 cases. The combination of WMLA with cerebral atrophies, with single or multiple infarcts and with both infarcts and atrophy will be demonstrated within 4 groups: 1. organic brain syndrome and dementia, 2. depression and delusional states, 3. stroke and TIA, 4. other neurological diagnoses. In group one the combination of WMLA with atrophy and infarcts is the most common finding in CT. In group two WMLA without atrophies and infarcts are the main tissue changes in CT. Group three is marked mainly by the occurrence of recent infarcts together with WMLA. In group four again WMLA only, in some cases together with multiple infarcts, do occur mainly. Compared to the cases without WMLA in each group WMLA is seen in cases with organic brain syndromes and dementias three to five times more than in the other diagnostic groups. WMLA in computed tomography seems to be a common finding in patients and healthy individuals of old age. Therefore the diagnostic and differential diagnostic significance for brain diseases in old age is limited. Nevertheless in the field of psychogeriatric disorders it may be possess a certain value to understand the nature of such diseases. This value will be discussed and demonstrated considering the pathogenesis of WMLA on the basis of neuropathological results. PMID- 3220420 TI - [Epileptic activity of the occipital lobe. Clinico-electroencephalographic contribution]. AB - Our analysis of the course of illness in 14 patients, whose common electroencephalographic characteristic was epileptogenic activity in the occipital area, showed very different clinical symptoms. The first group comprised patients who presented bilateral amaurosis. In four of these cases, the occipital hypersynchronous EEG activity was merely a secondary symptom of either ischaemic hypoxia or of a degenerative process in the occipital visual cortex and was not responsible for the genesis of the actual blindness. In two further cases of monosymptomatic temporary loss of vision, it was difficult to make a differential diagnosis between ictal blindness, respectively status epilepticus amauroticus occurring in a occipital lobe epilepsy and a migraine attack involving the basilar territory. The second group comprised five patients with paroxysmal visual hallucinations respectively illusions. Three of them suffered from hallucinations of the elementary type, respectively flickering fits in the hemianopic field, symptoms which are based on discharges in the visual cortex of the occipital lobe. In a case of one patient with complex visual hallucinations as well as in a further case with visual illusions, it was not possible to find out with certainty their place of origin. A study of these cases shows that the cortical or sub-cortical functional disturbance within the visual system causing the various optical deformations and visual hallucinations, form an inhomogeneous group with different etiology. In the only patient belonging to the third group, whose seizures were i.a. characterized through motor phenomena in the field of the ocular organs and the tonic lateral turning movement of the bulbi of the eyes and of the head, an occipital epileptic crisis with spread of discharges from the occipital pole to the frontomesial surface should be assumed. The occurrence of complex partial seizures, respectively generalized tonic-clonic attacks in two patients of the fourth group who have definite epileptogenic EEG-activity in the occipital area, can be explained by a propagation of paroxysmal activity to the temporal lobe or to the motor cortex. Because of the marked tendency to propagation of the hypersynchronous activity originating in the occipital lobe, many combinations of sensory and/or motor symptoms can occur within the frame work of occipital epileptic seizures. On the basis of one scalp EEG finding, no final localizing conclusions may be drawn here. PMID- 3220421 TI - [Relationships following legal abortion--a longitudinal comparative study]. AB - Although existence and functioning of a sexual relationship is of outstanding importance for the abortion decision as well as for the postabortive emotional adjustment, until now there are only some case studies focussing on the postabortive reaction of the sexual relationship. Results of a representative and controlled follow-up-study investigating the effects of legal abortion on the relationship with a partner are reported here. 117 women, a representative sample of all 263 women having a socially indicated legal abortion during the first 3 months of 1982 in Kiel, were interviewed some days before and 1 year after the abortion. The effects of abortion on the sexual relationship are described in comparison with a control group with similar preabortive characteristics of partnership using hormonal or intrauterine contraceptive devices. Rate and circumstances of separation, especially the role of abortion for the separation, as well as the quality of the remaining relationships have been analysed. We could find preabortive variables easily accessible for the counselor, predicting the development of the sexual relationship regarding quality and stability in the year after abortion. PMID- 3220422 TI - Inductive effects of fenofibrate and metabolism of phenobarbital. AB - The inductive effects of fenofibrate (FF) and phenobarbital (PB) were investigated in male Wistar rats. FF treatment produced an inductive effect on liver weight, cytochrome P450 content, and aniline hydroxylase (AH) and bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-GT) activities in liver microsome fraction. PB and FF inductive effects were additive on liver weight but were not additive on P450 microsomal concentrations. On the contrary, FF administration decreased the inductive effect of PB on bilirubin UDP-GT activity. When FF and PB treatment were coupled, plasma and liver PB concentrations were not affected, whereas OHPB concentrations, especially in liver homogenate, were greatly decreased. Thus it can be concluded that the production of OHPB from PB was probably not accelerated, but the elimination of OHPB, the main metabolite of PB, was considerably enhanced. These results are to be compared with recent reports of structure-dependent induction of bilirubin glucuronidation by arylcarboxylic acids chemically related to clofibrate. PMID- 3220423 TI - Acute release of catecholamines on circulating blood cell adrenoceptors and metabolic indices in dog. AB - The effects of acute release of endogenous catecholamines on both platelet alpha 2 and leukocyte beta adrenoreceptors and metabolic indices (glucose and free fatty acids) were investigated in dogs by means of a model of neurogenic hypertension following acute sinoaortic denervation (ASAD). Despite the marked increase in catecholamine levels (+4.2-fold for noradrenaline and 16.7-fold for adrenaline, for example, at minute 45 following ASAD) and in glucose plasma levels, and the significant decrease in free fatty acid plasma levels, no change in platelet alpha 2 or leukocyte beta adrenoreceptor binding sites (number as well as affinity) was observed during the whole experiment. It is suggested that the number of platelet alpha 2- and leukocyte beta-adrenoreceptors is not submitted to short-term regulation, at least by endogenous catecholamines in dogs. PMID- 3220424 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of D- and L-alphamethyldopa in plasma, aqueous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid in rabbits. AB - The 2 stereoisomers of alphamethyldopa (alpha MD) were separately injected IV at 3 different doses (3, 10, 30 mg/kg) in anesthetized rabbits. Samples of plasma, aqueous humor (AH), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected over a 300-min period. The concentration of the aminoacid (AA) was determined by liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Parameters obtained from kinetic analyses of the plasma concentrations were close to the values reported in other species. Linear elimination kinetics were observed in the dose range studied. A marked dose-dependent entry of alpha MD was observed in AH. A stereospecific active transport of alpha MD was evidenced in the AH since the concentration of the L-isomer reached values above the plasma levels. CSF entry of the AA was small when compared to AH kinetics. A limited passive diffusion of the AA in the brain could account for this phenomenon. However, greater availability of the L stereoisomer was still observed in CSF. These alpha MD kinetic analyses illustrate the adaptation of AH and CSF removal procedures to the pharmacokinetic studies of the brain and ocular entry of AA isomers. PMID- 3220425 TI - Lack of presynaptic effects of ketanserin on cardiac noradrenergic nerve terminals in the SHR. AB - The potential cardiac presynaptic effects of ketanserin (K) (0.01-3.00 mg/kg IV) were investigated in pithed SHR in 4 experimental conditions: (a) basal heart rate (HR); (b) HR increased by selective cardiac sympathetic stimulation (SS); (c) HR increased by aminophylline infusion; and (d) HR increased by SS and brought back to basal value by clonidine. Control groups were treated with saline. In the 4 types of experiments, K, starting from 0.3 mg/kg, induced almost identical and dose-dependent decreases in HR (maximal reduction: 45 beats/(min at 3 mg/kg). Thus we conclude: (1) that K is devoid of any presynaptic facilitatory effect on norepinephrine release since it was unable to raise HR in experiment D; (2) that K is devoid of any presynaptic inhibitory effect on norepinephrine release since it lowered HR to the same extent in both experiments B (noradrenergic tachycardia) and (non-noradrenergic tachycardia); and C (3) that the bradycardia which was induced by high doses of K (much above those required to block 5-HT2 and alpha 1-adrenergic receptors) and which was of similar magnitude in the 4 experimental conditions is probably due to a direct, nonspecific depressant effect of K on the sinus node. PMID- 3220426 TI - Are there circadian and circannual variations in acute toxicity of phenobarbital in mice? AB - The present work aims to document the possible influence of the time of the year on the circadian pattern of phenobarbital acute toxicity in mice by determination of phenobarbital acute toxicity at four different months of the year (i.e. October, January, April, and July). Our data indicate an important variation of phenobarbital acute toxicity throughout the year, with the maximum mortality occurring in January (i.e. minimum LD50) the minimum in July (i.e. maximum LD50). Thus, the season, not often taken into account, is an important determinant in toxicological studies. PMID- 3220427 TI - Flow sorting of X and Y chromosome-bearing mammalian sperm: activation and pronuclear development of sorted bull, boar, and ram sperm microinjected into hamster oocytes. AB - Flow cytometric techniques were used to measure relative DNA content of X and Y chromosome-bearing bull, boar, and ram sperm populations and to separate the two sex-determining populations. Neat semen was prepared for flow cytometric analysis by washing, light sonication, and staining with 9 microM Hoechst 33342. Computer analysis of the bimodal histograms showed mean X-Y DNA differences of 3.9, 3.7, and 4.2% for bull, boar, and ram, respectively. Flow cytometric reanalysis of sorted bull, boar, and ram sperm showed purities greater than 90%. Bull, boar, and ram sperm nuclei were microinjected into hamster oocytes. Microinjected sperm were either unsorted, sorted, unsorted plus dithiothreitol (DTT) exposure, or sorted plus DTT exposure. Following microinjection, eggs were incubated 3 hr, fixed, and stained. A total of 579 eggs was observed for sperm activation (decondensation or formation of a male pronucleus). A lower percentage of sorted than unsorted (3 vs. 23%) boar sperm was activated (P less than .05). However, sorted and unsorted DTT-exposed boar sperm or sorted and unsorted bull or ram sperm, regardless of DTT treatment, did not differ significantly. Sorted sperm nuclei of both rams and bulls exhibited higher activation rates than sorted boar sperm (P less than .05). Treatment of sperm with DTT increased the activation rate (P less than .05) for sorted boar sperm but not for bull or ram sperm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220428 TI - Production of chimeric rabbits from morulae by a simple procedure. AB - Experiments were conducted to develop a simple and reliable technique to produce chimeric rabbits from morula stage embryos. In Experiments 1 and 2, an in-vitro test of viability was initially performed by culturing embryos to the blastocyst stage. Ninety-three percent of the "chimeric" embryos developed to the blastocyst stage compared to 94% for controls when embryos were manipulated soon after collection (Exp. 1). Eight-one percent chimeric embryos and 78% control embryos developed to blastocyst stage when embryos were held at room temperature for 4 hr (Exp. 2). In Experiment 3, enough morula-stage embryos were available from true breeding Dutch-belted and albino rabbits to form potentially 67 diverse "color" pairs. These micromanipulated pairs of morulae were successfully combined to produce 64 chimeric embryos (96%, 64/67). They were transferred to the uteri of seven recipient does and three became pregnant producing 13 young. Four of the young exhibited substantial overt chimerism (31%) and one more was a possible chimera. PMID- 3220429 TI - Role for fucose-sulfate-rich carbohydrates in the penetration of zona-pellucida free hamster eggs by hamster spermatozoa. AB - The interaction of acrosome-reacted hamster spermatozoa and zona-pellucida-free hamster eggs was investigated by incubating gametes in the presence of a variety of simple and complex carbohydrates. Significant inhibition of gamete fusion was achieved only in the presence of fucoidan and ascophyllin, two algal polysaccharides containing fucose sulfate. These compounds did not interfere with sperm motility, capacitation, or acrosome reactions. It is concluded that these two compounds share common structural features with putative cell-surface carbohydrates involved in sperm-oolemmal interaction. PMID- 3220430 TI - Kinematics of hamster sperm during penetration of the cumulus cell matrix. AB - During capacitation, mammalian spermatozoa gain the ability to penetrate the cumulus cell matrix (CCM). The role of hyperactivated motility for this capacity is uncertain. In the present study, hamster sperm were observed during penetration and progression through the CCM, and flagellar beat patterns were quantitated by characterization of the underlying flagellar bends. Small numbers of sperm were added to cumulus masses slightly compressed on a slide (150 micron depth), and penetration was videorecorded using interference contrast optics. During penetration of the cumulus surface, sperm did not generate the large flagellar bends and asymmetric beats that are hallmarks of hyperactivation in low viscosity media. Instead, they entered slowly using high-frequency, low-amplitude sinusoidal flagellar motions. Within the CCM, sperm continued to move slowly, and they exhibited three distinct patterns of motility. The first was sinusoidal, produced by alternating, propagated bends: principal bends (PB) moved the head away from the beat midline, with the convex edge of the head leading, and reverse bends (RB) had the opposite curvature. The second pattern was asymmetric and sinusoidal: an extreme RB developed in the distal flagellum, was propagated distally, and was followed by a PB of less curvature. The third motility pattern was a hatchet-like stroke of the sperm head which resulted when an extreme, nonpropagated PB developed slowly in the proximal midpiece, and was released rapidly. In this mode there were no reverse bends, and sperm did not progress. There were subpopulations of capacitating sperm in free-swimming medium which had these same bend types and motility patterns, suggesting that qualitative flagellar movement may not change during CCM penetration. Sperm velocity in the CCM was not strongly correlated with flagellar beat kinematics, suggesting local heterogeneity in cumulus mechanical resistance and/or differences in interaction of the matrix with the surfaces of individual sperm. An effective viscosity of the cumulus near its border was estimated to be of the order of 1-4 P. PMID- 3220431 TI - The effects of ultrarapid freezing on meiotic and mitotic spindles of mouse oocytes and embryos. AB - Preovulatory mouse oocytes and 2-cell embryos were frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide and propanediol by an ultrarapid method. The survival of frozen oocytes was low (33-34%) compared to that of 2-cell embryos (78-79%) with either cryoprotectant. Development to blastocysts after postthaw culture was about 7-15% for oocytes and 79-80% for the embryos. Ultrarapid freezing preserves cell structure quite well as revealed by electron microscopy, but meiotic oocytes and late 2-cell embryos undergoing mitosis showed evidence of spindle disorganization involving loss or clumping of microtubules resulting in some scattering of chromosomes. Embryos developed from frozen eggs showed clear evidence of micronuclear formation and incomplete incorporation of chromosomal material into main nuclei. These experiments confirm our observations on freezing of human oocytes and show that spindle microtubules are sensitive to freeze-thawing and that cryopreservation could cause chromosomal aberrations during early development. A cautious approach to the introduction of oocyte freezing in human in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs is advocated. PMID- 3220432 TI - New mutation causing sterility in the mouse. AB - A new murine mutation, skeletal fusions with sterility, sks, has been identified. This mutation causes arrest during the pachytene stage of virtually all spermatogenic cells. Defects in chromosome pairing and appearance of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis in the male are apparent, but defective pairing is probably not the cause of sterility. Affected females are functionally infertile. Oocytes are capable of undergoing meiotic maturation in vitro but cannot be fertilized in vitro. Affected individuals of both sexes are characterized by fusions of vertebrae and of ribs. The sks gene has been mapped to Chromosome 4, 16.6 cM distal to the brown locus. PMID- 3220433 TI - Evidence for sequential deployment of secretory enzymes during the normal acrosome reaction of guinea pig sperm in vitro. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine if acrosomal enzymes are released simultaneously or in sequence during the normal acrosome reaction. Epididymal guinea pig sperm were incubated in a chemically defined, calcium-containing medium which supports normal acrosome reactions within 4-5 hours at 37 degrees C. The sperm suspensions were monitored for motility, normal acrosome reactions, and false acrosome reactions during in vitro incubation. At specified time intervals, the sperm were separated from the incubation medium by centrifugation, and the distribution of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP II) and acrosin activity was determined by biochemically assaying the hydrolysis of trialanine and N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE), respectively. When calcium was present, there was a significant increase in DPP II activity in the supernatants by 1 hour of incubation and a slight decline at later time points. This release was not correlated with false or normal acrosome reactions (loss of the acrosomal cap) monitored by phase-contrast microscopy but probably represents a very early stage in the normal acrosome reaction. This early stage is difficult to detect at the light microscope level because sperm are still in rouleaux and because membrane fusion is not directly observable. In contrast, acrosin activity, which was assayed in the same supernatants, increased at later times when sperm were observed to have completed normal acrosome reactions. The ultrastructural distribution of DPP II was determined in sperm pellets collected during in vitro incubation by using the DPP II substrate lysyl-alanyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthyamide. In freshly isolated cauda epidiymal sperm, reaction product is confined to the light-staining area in the dorsal bulge of the acrosome. However, by 1 hour of incubation, the light-staining area of many sperm was partially or completely dispersed, while other regions of the acrosome were unchanged. Our data are consistent with the conclusions that DPP II is a highly soluble component of the guinea pig sperm acrosome and that its release occurs during the initial phase of the acrosome reaction while sperm are still in rouleaux. Structural changes in the acrosome associated with DPP II release were detectable by electron microscopy but not by light microscopy. Acrosin, which is less soluble than DPP II, is released at a later time during the acrosome reaction. Both DPP II and acrosin appear to be partially inhibited following their release from sperm. A complete understanding of the sequential release and extracellular activities of the acrosomal enzymes will be necessary to fully define their functions in fertilization. PMID- 3220434 TI - Oogenesis of the mayfly Habrophlebia eldae: synthesis of vitelline and chorionic envelopes. AB - The ultrastructure of developing ovarian follicles inside the panoistic ovarioles of Habrophlebia eldae were examined to observe the events occurring during egg maturation up to the full formation of the chorionic envelopes. The early vitellogenic follicles are coupled by gap junctions and are extensively interlocked with the oocyte plasma membrane via microvilli. With the onset of vitellogenesis, coated pits and coated vesicles are precursors to yolk deposition and are visible at the follicle cell-oocyte interface. Postvitellogenic development entails the deposition of the egg envelopes. The vitelline envelope arises from the coalescence of rectangular plaques whose precursors are visible in Golgi complexes as heterogeneous electron-opaque granules. A chorionic pattern of ridges on the egg surface characterizes the shell of H. eldae. The fully developed chorion shows three distinct regions with differently organized patterns. A fine layer of fibrous material (a secretion of the follicle cells, Ephemeroptera devoid of accessory glands) adheres to the egg chorion and is probably involved in attachment to the substrate. PMID- 3220435 TI - Endocytic origin for periaxonemal vesicles along the flagellum during mouse spermiogenesis. AB - In mouse spermatogenesis, formation of the flagellum is associated with the presence of numerous periaxonemal vesicles. These are present in the cytoplasmic portion, limited by the deep invagination of the plasma membrane surrounding the axoneme; the number and size of these vesicles varies during spermiogenesis. The vesicles appear at step 10 in young spermatids and increase in number and size until step 14; they then rapidly decrease and disappear at step 16. Cationic ferritin (CF), an endocytic marker, directly injected in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, labels periaxonemal vesicles, 1 hour after the injection, showing their endocytic origin. Some vesicles are membrane invaginations, still in continuity with the extracellular space, whereas others probably come from a phagocytic mechanism. The CF also shows that some vesicles flow along the axoneme and they accumulate in small cytoplasmic extensions before disappearing. All these complex endocytic phenomena go on to form certain components of the flagellum. PMID- 3220436 TI - [A novel blood group A- and O (H) -antigens--glycosphingolipids from porcine erythrocytes]. AB - Five neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs) (Gb4Cer, Gb3Cer, LacCer, GlcCer and GalCer) were isolated from porcine erythrocyte membranes. Gb4Cer was the most abundant (over 70% of total neutral GSLs). In addition, a minor GSL fraction (less than 1% of the total), which migrated more slowly than Gb5Cer on TLC, composed of five GSLs. Two of them exhibited blood group A and O (H) activity, respectively, and were studied for their structures by spectrometries with NMR and FAB-mass, sequential hydrolysis by exoglycosidases, methylation and immunostaining. Chemical structure of the blood group A-antigen was proposed to be GalNAc alpha 1-3 (Fuc alpha 1-2) Gal beta 1-3 Gal-4Glc beta 1NAc beta 1-3 Gal beta 1-4 Glc beta 1-1Cer and GalNAc alpha 1-3 (Fuc alpha 1-2) Gal beta 1-4 GlcNAc beta 1-3 Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer. The blood group O (H)-antigen showed the structure lacking non-reducing terminal alpha-linked N-acetylgalactosamine from the A-antigen, or a biosynthetic precursor from of the A-antigen. PMID- 3220438 TI - [On the analysis of actual state of contamination with asbestos in the autopsy cases in Hokkaido]. AB - The exposure of asbestos was surveyed in the 92 autopsy cases, including 60 cases of lung cancer with the digestion method of lung tissue. More or less asbestos body was found in 94.6% of cases examined. There was no correlation between numbers of asbestos bodies and histological types of lung cancer. In the group of pulmonary fibrosis, the pleural adhesion was more intense in the cases with increased number of asbestos bodies. More than 80 asbestos bodies per 1g of wet lung tissue were found in 4 cases, but there was no significant relation between occupation and the grade of asbestos contamination. PMID- 3220437 TI - [Experience of HLA-matched platelet transfusion in patients who are refractory to random donor platelets]. AB - Platelets collected from random and multiple donors were as effective on transfusion as those obtained from single donor by platelet pheresis if patients were not alloimmunized. In alloimmunized patients, effects of platelet transfusion were correlated with the HLA-matching grade; 100% effective in A match, 92% in B-match and 65% in C-match. This correlation was not observed if the patient had infection. The transfusion of A- or B-matched platelets resulted in a lowering or disappearance of HLA antibody activities in most patients. However, the transfusion of C-matched platelets caused increasing or appearance of HLA antibody activities in some patients. The ABO-incompatibility did not show a significant effect on platelet transfusion when anti-A or anti-B antibody activities in donors and antiglobulin tests on patients' red cells were negligible. Non HLA, platelet specific antibodies were produced in some patients and presumed to be participated in the destruction of transfused HLA-matched platelets. PMID- 3220439 TI - An apparatus for a complimentary treatment of spasmodic torticollis. AB - We have developed an apparatus for treating spasmodic torticollis that can be used at home both during intensive therapy and follow-up. The refractoriness of spasmodic torticollis requires patients to practice biofeedback training partly on a home basis. However, it is usually difficult for spasmodic torticollis patients to provide and handle electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback training instruments. The present apparatus has 2 parts: first, a harness with a light source which is fixed on both shoulders; second, a photoreceptor, operant system for rewarding effect, and a digital recorder. The light is adjusted to strike the photoreceptor on the forehead when headposition is normal. Subjects are asked to keep the operant system--e.g. a radio--activated. They are trained in various postures as sitting, standing and walking. This apparatus provides a chance of home training to augment and maintain the effect during therapeutic sessions and the follow-up period. PMID- 3220440 TI - [Influence of hyperoxia and hypoxia on bronchial mucociliary clearance]. AB - Hyperoxia and severe hypoxia are known to depress tracheal mucus flow in vivo. It is not clear, however, whether this is also seen in bronchial mucociliary transport system. The author attempted to ascertain acute effects of hyperoxia and moderate hypoxia on bronchial mucociliary clearance by analyzing the regional clearance of aerosolized radioactive tracers within the lung. Eleven healthy persons were exposed to pure oxygen or moderate hypoxia (mean end-tidal PaO2 57.5 mmHg) for 30 min. Twenty four patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema were studied for the chronic effect of hypoxemia on regional mucociliary clearance. They had slight hypoxemia (mean PaO2 76 mmHg). After inhalation of 99mTc-albumin aerosols, clearance of deposited aerosols was quantified as a function of time. The results were analyzed for whole right lung in the acute hyperoxic and hypoxic studies, and for 3 concentric areas representing central, mid, and peripheral regions of the right lung in the study of patients. In healthy subjects, breathing pure oxygen caused significant depression that started 30 min after the initiation of oxygen exposure and was kept up even after stopping the exposure. The clearance was significantly impaired during exposure to moderate hypoxia, though it seemed to be transient. The patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema had a significantly lower clearance in the central region than that in asymptomatic smokers (p less than 0.01). There was no significant correlation, however, between the degree of hypoxemia and the regional clearance. These results suggest that 1) acute exposure to pure oxygen and moderate hypoxia causes bronchial mucociliary dysfunction in humans, 2) the patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema have a lower clearance in the central region of the lung than asymptomatic smokers, and 3) chronic slight hypoxemia has no apparent effect on bronchial mucociliary clearance. PMID- 3220441 TI - [Effects of differences in oxygen affinity on circulatory response to hypoxia]. AB - It is well known that tissue hypoxia is an important prognostic predictor in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Compensatory responses to acute hypoxia occur in various organs and the magnitude of such response may also be an important factor in prognosis. P50, (oxygen tension at which the hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen) is recognized as one of the factors affecting oxygen supply to the tissue. These studies were made to determine whether differences of P50 affect the circulatory response to acute hypoxia. Studies were made on nineteen male patients with COPD. They were divided into two groups according to low (less than 26.6 torr) or high (greater than 26.6 torr) P50. Isocapnic hypoxia was induced progressively with the patients being under right cardiac catheterization. The low P50 (25.8 +/- SD 0.6 torr) group included ten patients, and the high P50 (27.4 +/- 0.6 torr) group included nine patients. No differences could be detected in respect of pH, PaCO2, PaO2 or any hemodynamic parameters. Heart rate increased in both low and high P50 groups but the degree of the increase (delta HR/HR ROOM AIR x 100) in the high P50 group (20.7 +/- 9.2%) was significantly greater than in the low P50 group (9.4 +/- 10.9%). An increase in cardiac output was observed in the high P50 group (4.4 +/- 0.8 to 5.3 +/- 0.6 1/min), but not in the low P50 group (4.5 +/- 1.0 to 5.0 +/- 0.9 1/min). There was a significant positive relationship (r = 0.903) between hypoxic circulatory response and oxygen transport (TO2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220442 TI - [Studies on the mechanism of arrhythmogenic action of free fatty acid]. AB - It was reported that free fatty acid (FFA) is one of the important factors which cause ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial infarction. However the mechanism is still unclear. Measuring ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT), the mechanism of FFA was investigated in perfused rat heart. The perfusion of 0.12 mM albumin alone, 0.12 mM palmitate bound to 0.12 mM albumin and 0.36 mM palmitate bound to 0.12 mM albumin didn't lower VFT significantly. However 0.60 mM palmitate bound to 0.12 mM albumin lowered VFT from 2.19 +/- 0.20 mA to 1.56 +/- 0.13 mA. The perfusion of 0.36 mM palmitate bound to 0.12 mM fatty acid binding protein (FABP) lowered VFT from 2.05 +/- 0.19 mA to 1.47 +/- 0.23 mA, but 0.12 mM FABP alone didn't. The perfusion of 0.36 mM palmitate bound to 0.12 mM FABP caused VFT to fall greater than 0.36 mM palmitate bound to 0.12 mM albumin perfusion, though the difference was not statistically significant. The VFT fall induced by the perfusion of 0.60 mM palmitate bound to 0.12 mM albumin was suppressed by 0.1 microM Verapamil perfusion and reduction of perfusate Ca2+ concentration from 2.5 mM to 1.67 mM. These results suggest that FFA lowered VFT by increasing the uptake into the cells due to carrier proteins such as FABP and that FFA-induced VFT fall was suppressed by reduction of Ca2+ entry into the cells. PMID- 3220443 TI - The effects of ovarian hormones on glucose and fatty acid oxidation during exercise in female ovariectomized rats. AB - The effects of ovarian hormones on glucose and fatty acid oxidation during exercise were investigated in adult female ovariectomized rats. Rats subdivided into 3 groups received intraperitoneal injections of hormones or sesame oil for 8 days. Estrogen (E) treated rats received 17-beta estradiol in daily doses of 2 micrograms. Estrogen and progesterone treated rats (EP) received 17-beta estradiol in daily doses of 2 micrograms and 2 mg, respectively. Control rats (S) received sesame oil alone. After an overnight fast, rats ran at the speed of 25 m.min-1 for 60 min. [U-14C]glucose or [1-14C]palmitate was injected into rats at 5 min of exercise and before 10 min of exercise, respectively. Expired 14CO2 was collected using bottomless chamber on a treadmill belt. No significant differences were found in mean blood glucose, lactate and plasma free fatty acid concentrations after the exercise. Until the end of the exercise 34.7 +/- 2.6 (E, n = 5), 40.8 +/- 2.9 (EP, n = 5) and 43.7 +/- 3.5% (S, n = 6) (mean +/- SE) of 14C which was injected as 14C-glucose was recovered as 14CO2. During 60 min of the exercise 27.5 +/- 1.0 (E, n = 7), 19.8 +/- 2.7 (EP, n = 6) and 25.0 +/- 1.9% (S, n = 6) of 14C which was injected as 14C-palmitate was recovered as 14CO2. A significant difference was found in this rate between E and EP (P less than 0.05). It was concluded that estrogen treatment stimulated fatty acid oxidation compared with the estrogen plus progesterone treatment and tended to inhibit glucose oxidation during prolonged exercise. PMID- 3220444 TI - Thyroid hormones and muscle metabolism in dogs. AB - Muscle contents of ATP, ADP, AMP, creatine phosphate and creatine as well as glycogen, some glycolytic intermediates, pyruvate and lactate were compared in the intact, thyroidectomized and triiodothyronine (T3) treated dogs under resting conditions. After thyroidectomy muscle glycogen, glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate contents were significantly elevated while in T3-treated animals these variables were decreased in comparison with control dogs. Muscle free glucose was not altered by thyroidectomy but T3 treatment significantly increased its content. Muscle lactate content was elevated both in hypo- and hyperthyroid animals. Muscle ATP and total adenine nucleotide contents were significantly increased in hyperthyroid dogs while no differences were found between the three groups in the muscle creatine phosphate content. It is assumed that in T3-treated animals carbohydrate catabolism is enhanced in the resting skeletal muscle in spite of high tissue ATP content. Muscle metabolite alterations in hypothyroid dogs seem to reflect the hypometabolism accompanied by a diminished rate of glycogenolysis with inhibited rate of pyruvate oxidation or decreased rate of lactate removal from the cells. PMID- 3220445 TI - Endocrine control of cytosolic factors stimulating adenylate cyclase in rat lung. AB - Endocrine control of cytoplasmic factors modulating adenylate cyclase activity in rat lung membranes was investigated. Hypophysectomy, adrenalectomy and thyroidectomy showed an adverse effect on the body and organ weights. Lung protein, glycogen and DNA contents were decreased in the endocrine ablated animals which were restored to the normal values on hormone treatment. Phosphodiesterase and phosphorylase activities were increased and decreased in adrenalectomized and thyroidectomized animals, respectively. The activities of these enzymes were restored to normal values on hormone treatment. Adrenalectomy and thyroidectomy affected ATPases differently. Basal adenylate cyclase activity in rat lung membranes was not affected by adrenalectomy and hormone treatment. However, the total enzyme activity was increased by both dexamethasone (DEX) and thyroxine (T4) treatments. The activation of the particulate adenylate cyclase by the cytoplasmic factors was markedly decreased in the lung from hypophysectomized, adrenalectomized and thyroidectomized rats. This decrease in the cytoplasmic activation of adenylate cyclase was restored to or above the control values on hormone treatment. Alteration in the activation of enzyme by cytoplasmic factors did not appear to be due to the change in the responsiveness of the enzyme. Glucocorticoids appeared to have a specific effect on the cytoplasmic factors modulating the enzyme. PMID- 3220446 TI - Non-invasive quantitative estimation of bone density in rats throughout the life cycle and in arthritic osteopenia: preliminary results. AB - A longitudinal bone survey was conducted in 86 female Wistar rats in order to assess mineral density kinetics from young age (5 weeks: 115 g) till late adulthood (64 weeks: 586 g). In vivo quantitative radiographic scanning was performed on the caudal vertebrae, taking trabecular mass as the parameter. Measurements were expressed as Relative Optical Density (ROD) units by means of a high resolution densitometric device. Results showed a progressive increase in mineral density throughout the life cycle, with a tendency to level in the higher weight range, indicating that progressive mineral aposition occurs in rats in dependency of age. This phenomenon, however, should be always considered within the context of continuous skeletal growth and related changes typical of this species. Twelve different animals were also examined following induction of articular inflammation with Freund's adjuvant in six of them. Bone survey conducted 12 to 18 days after inoculation revealed a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in trabecular bone mass of scanned vertebrae in comparison with the weight-matched untreated controls. It is concluded that the in vivo quantitative assessment of bone density illustrated in this report represents a sensitive and useful tool for the long-term survey of naturally occurring or experimentally induced bone changes. Scanning of the same part of the skeleton can be repeated, thereby avoiding sacrifice of the animal and time-consuming preparation of post-mortem material. PMID- 3220447 TI - Seasonal variations of glucose and triiodothyronine concentrations in serum of carp (Cyprinus carpio L). AB - Thyroid hormone and glucose serum concentrations (SC) of carps (Cyprinus carpio L) have been monitored at weekly intervals throughout the year. T4 and rT3 concentrations were always below the limit of detection of the assays applied. T3 and glucose mean SC showed seasonal variations. Highest T3 SC were reached in summer with a peak value in August and lowest values in winter with a maximum in December. Glucose SC have been found to be highest in winter and lowest in summer. Statistical analysis showed a negative correlation between T3 and serum glucose SC (r = -0.77, P less than 0.001). The seasonal dependency of T3 and glucose SC suggest that either temperature, food intake or day-light or both might play a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism as well as of T3 production or metabolism. PMID- 3220449 TI - Influence of fast, body weight and diet on serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids concentrations in the aging rat. AB - The present study was performed to document factors playing a role in the age related increase of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids in male WISTAR rats. In 59 and 122 week old rats, serum concentrations of all three parameters were significantly higher than those determined in younger rats (15-17 weeks of age). Serum triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations were higher in post absorptive than in fasting state. In mature rats of same age (59 weeks), mean concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids were significantly higher in the heavier animals than in the others. A strong correlation could be established between body weight and serum cholesterol or triglycerides of these animals. The composition of diet appears to play a role in serum cholesterol concentration but not in serum triglycerides concentration in old rats (59-65 weeks of age). This effect is demonstrated even if daily caloric intake and daily body weight gain of old rats (40-50 weeks of age) were not significantly different with both diets tested (2900 and 3250 cal/kg). In conclusion old Wistar rats develop increased concentrations of serum lipids parameters. PMID- 3220448 TI - Effect of exposure to diabetic and fasted plasma on glucose oxidation in rat aorta. AB - Glucose metabolism is depressed in aortic intima-media of fasted and diabetic rats. The aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of diabetic and fasted plasma on glucose oxidation in rat aorta. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 200 g were used. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and the rats were used after a diabetes duration of two weeks. Fasted rats were used after food deprivation for 3 days. Aortic intima-media was preincubated in plasma for 120 or 240 min. During a further incubation for 2 hours in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer the oxidation of 14C-glucose to 14CO2 was measured. Preincubation of normal aorta in diabetic or fasted rat plasma and diabetic human plasma significantly depressed the subsequently determined glucose oxidation in comparison to aorta preincubated in normal plasma. Preincubation of aorta from diabetic or fasted rats in normal rat plasma enhanced the glucose oxidation compared with the glucose oxidation in aorta of diabetic or fasted rats after preincubation in the corresponding plasma. These results suggest that diabetic and fasted plasma contains factor(s) which in vitro depress glucose oxidation in vascular smooth muscle and, thus, may be of importance for the lowered glucose oxidation found in vascular smooth muscle preparations obtained from diabetic or fasted animals. PMID- 3220450 TI - Effects of dietary NaCl supplementation on bone synthesis of hydroxyproline, urinary hydroxyproline excretion and bone 45Ca uptake in the rat. AB - High sodium chloride intakes are regarded as a risk factor for osteoporosis because they increase the obligatory urinary calcium loss and stimulate parathyroid activity. Sodium chloride loads induce osteopenia in the rat. The effect could be due to a decrease in bone formation or a rise in bone resorption. Two experiments were undertaken to study the effects of dietary NaCl supplementation on 3H-hydroxyproline synthesis and 45Ca uptake in femoral bone. Salt-treated rats excreted 1.7 times more total urinary hydroxyproline (P less than 0.001) and 2.1 times more recently labelled 3H-hydroxyproline than controls (P less than 0.02) but they did not accumulate less 3H-hydroxyproline or less 45Ca in their bones than controls. These results indicate that salt-mediated osteopenia is due to an increase in bone resorption, rather than to a decrease in bone formation. PMID- 3220451 TI - Insulin resistance in Fibrocalculous (tropical) pancreatic diabetes. AB - Insulin resistance was assessed by Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) in 12 patients with FCPD, 10 with NIDDM and 12 age and sex matched control subjects. The mean BMI of the FCPD was lower than the NIDDM and control groups (P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean fasting plasma glucose or HbA1 between the FCPD and NIDDM patients. The mean fasting C-peptide of the FCPD group was significantly lower than the NIDDM and control groups (P less than 0.001). The mean glucose disposal rate (KITT) was 5.57 +/- 2.28 in the control group, 2.15 +/- 2.00 in the FCPD and 1.77 +/- 0.91 in the NiDDM group (P less than 0.001, control vs FCPD and NIDDM). The difference in KITT between FCPD and NIDDM groups was not significant statistically. The data suggests that patients with FCPD have evidence of insulin resistance and this is similar to that seen in NIDDM patients. PMID- 3220452 TI - Thyrotropin measured by the immunoradiometric assay in low birth weight infants. AB - In 37 infants, the blood levels of TSH were determined by the immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and the relation between TSH and thyroid hormone was evaluated. The ranges of gestational age (weeks) and birth weight (g) of infants were 28-42 and 982-3,650, respectively. The birth weights of 19 infants were below 2,500 g. The free T4 levels in the low birth weight (LBW) infants were lower than those of the normal infants and significantly correlated to the birth weight (r = 0.64, P less than 0.01) and gestational age (r = 0.58, P less than 0.01). In addition, free T4 levels were significantly correlated to the levels of total T4 (r = 0.66, P less than 0.01). The concentrations of TSH measured by IRMA method were significantly correlated to those of free T4 (r = 0.51, P less than 0.01). From these data, we consider that the transient hypothyroxinemia observed frequently in LBW infants might be a physiological reaction regulated by hypothalamus and that thyroid hormone treatment should be avoided. PMID- 3220453 TI - Changes of aminopeptidase activity levels in serum and brain during the estrous cycle of the rat. AB - Aminopeptidase activity was assayed in several rat brain regions and serum during the estrous cycle. Significant changes are present in the occipital cortex, hypothalamus, pituitary gland and serum. These results suggest that aminopeptidase activity plays a part in the hormonal changes that take place in this cycle. PMID- 3220454 TI - Growth hormone secretion during sleep. I. Comparison with GH responses to conventional pharmacologic stimuli in pubertal and early pubertal short subjects. Effects of treatment with human GH in patients with discrepant measurements of GH secretion. AB - Growth hormone (GH) was measured in 215 short children (147 males and 68 females, 123 prepubertal, 92 at early pubertal stages), comparing GH responses to classical pharmacologic stimulation tests and spontaneous GH secretion during sleep. GH secretion during sleep, but not GH responses to stimuli, was higher in early pubertal than in prepubertal subjects. The patients were classified into five groups, according to the agreement between GH responses to stimuli and GH secretion during sleep: group I, normal GH-secreting children; group II, completely GH-deficient; group III, partially GH-deficient; group IV, with normal secretion during sleep and low responses to stimuli; group V, with the reverse situation. 30% of the patients were in groups IV and V, both at prepubertal and early pubertal stages. 46 patients of groups II-V were treated with extracted human GH(hGH). The growth rate was enhanced in groups IV and V, to the same extent as in groups II and III. Four points can be concluded: (1) the rise of GH secretion during sleep is an early event at the onset of puberty; (2) the discrepancy between the GH responses to classical stimuli and GH secretion during sleep are of pathological significance; (3) disturbances of GH secretion might be diagnosed by measuring GH secretion during sleep rather than by using conventional stimulation tests; (4) a trial course of hGH treatment could be proposed in patients with both kinds of discrepancies between GH responses to stimuli and GH secretion during sleep. PMID- 3220455 TI - Effect of a recombinant human growth hormone preparation on the urinary 15nitrogen balance in growth-hormone-deficient children. AB - In 10 patients with idiopathic growth hormone (GH) deficiency (9 boys and 1 girl, aged 7.5-14.5 years, mean 12.1 +/- 2.2 years), urinary 15N-balance studies were performed before and on recombinant hGH (2 x 3 IU/m2 of body surface area subcutaneously on consecutive days). Before and on the 2nd day of recombinant hGH, 99% 15N-labeled ammonium chloride (0.05 g/kg, divided in 3 doses per day, corresponding to 389 +/- 30 mg/m2 of 15N) was administered and 24 h urine was collected. In urine, total nitrogen and the percentage of 15N were measured. From the ingested and excreted quantity, a urinary 15N balance was calculated. Mean 15N percentage from total N was 3.3 +/- 0.5. In 9 patients, basal 15N balance was +79 +/- 15 mg/m2 or +2.9 +/- 0.4 mg/kg. On recombinant hGH, it was +166 +/- 16 mg/m2 or +6.1 +/- 0.6 mg/kg (p less than 0.001). The recombinant hGH-induced positive 15N balance change was +87 +/- 17 mg/m2 or +3.2 +/- 0.6 mg/kg. 1 patient with a higher basal 15N balance (+196 mg/m2, +7.1 mg/kg) had no positive 15N balance change due to latent hypothalamic hypothyroidism. In previous similar studies with pituitary hGH the change of 15N balance was +80 +/- 27 mg/m2 or +2.8 +/- 1.1 mg/kg. It is concluded that the acute nitrogen-retaining effect of recombinant hGH is at least equal to that of pituitary hGH. PMID- 3220456 TI - Role of intestinal bacteria in the metabolism of aldosterone in man. AB - Urinary aldosterone metabolites were measured before and after the administration of 1 g/day of kanamycin, a nonabsorbable antibiotic, for 7 days, in 6 normal volunteers and in 11 patients with liver cirrhosis. Urinary excretion of 21 deoxytetrahydroaldosterone (21-deoxy-THAldo) decreased by 40 and 86% from the control values in normal volunteers and in patients, respectively (p less than 0.05), after kanamycin administration. Urinary excretion of 21-deoxyaldosterone (21-deoxy-Aldo) also fell by 48 and 89% in normal subjects and in patients, respectively, but the decrease was significant only in the normal subjects (p less than 0.05). In normal volunteers, urinary free aldosterone and THAldo remained constant, whereas the ratio of 21-deoxy-Aldo to aldosterone and 21-deoxy THAldo to THAldo decreased from 10.2 to 3.7 and 2.1 to 0.3, respectively (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that intestinal bacteria participate in the metabolism of aldosterone during enterohepatic circulation in man. PMID- 3220457 TI - Reduction of testicular human chorionic gonadotropin receptors by human chorionic gonadotropin in vivo and in vitro. AB - Changes in rat and human testicular human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) binding sites induced by hCG were estimated in vivo and in vitro. After a single administration of hCG, the specific 125I-hCG bindings were significantly reduced for 7 and 5 days in rat and human testes, respectively. Thereafter, 125I-hCG bindings had recovered to pretreatment values by the 14th day after the administration. Occupied hCG bindings accounted for about half of the reduced bindings on the day after administration of hCG. After this time, however, the occupancy did not contribute so much to the reduction of the bindings. In experiments in vitro using the organ culture technique, an exposure to hCG for 24 h induced a dose-related significant loss of the specific 125I-hCG bindings for 7 and 5 days in rat and human testes, respectively. Thereafter, the loss was gradually recovered. These patterns of changes in 125I-hCG bindings in vitro were similar to those in vivo. These findings suggest that the reduction in hCG binding sites by hCG is due to not only occupancy but also downregulation of the binding sites and that the testicular organ culture method used in the present study is useful to study hormonal regulation of testicular function, especially in human testes. PMID- 3220458 TI - 46XY siblings with inadequate virilization and CNS deficiency. AB - Familial expression of inadequate virilization of 46XY siblings is often reported as an isolated anomaly. We recently evaluated two families with 2 siblings who had a 46XY karyotype, ambiguous genitalia or micropenis, facial anomalies and mental retardation. There is no evidence of gonadotropin deficiency, defects of steroidogenesis, or androgen insensitivity. While there was a testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation in all 3 tested, gonadotropin levels were elevated in 2 of the infants suggestive of faulty seminiferous tubules, 1 of whom later had elevated luteinizing hormone levels. These kindreds may represent a new syndrome with either an X-linked recessive or sex-limited autosomal dominant form of inheritance, with partial testicular failure, multiple congenital anomalies, and mental retardation. PMID- 3220459 TI - Bone mineral content in normally menstruating women with hyperprolactinaemia. AB - Decreased bone density has been reported in women with hyperprolactinaemia due to pituitary tumours. We identified a number of seemingly healthy women with hyperprolactinaemia, i.e. a serum prolactin concentration exceeding 500 mU/l (25 micrograms/l) on three occasions, during a study in 1980/1981 of a representative population sample of greater than 1,400 women in seven different age strata (range 26-72 years). We compared vertebral bone mineral content and bone mineral areal content in 5 hyperprolactinaemic normally menstruating 50-year-old women with that of 6 controls matched for age and menstrual status but found no difference. Since the degree of prolactin elevation was similar in our study group to that previously reported for hyperprolactinaemic subjects with pituitary tumours and the time of exposure to raised hormone concentration appears to be of the same magnitude, other hormonal changes than hyperprolactinaemia per se seem to be the cause of low bone mineral content in women with hyperprolactinaemia and amenorrhoea. PMID- 3220460 TI - Growth-stimulating effects of somatomedin-/insulin-like peptides in Snell dwarf mice. AB - The effect of the somatomedin-/insulin-like growth factors IGF-I, IGF-II and N2, as well as of semi-purified SM fractions separated by isoelectric focusing derived from human Cohn IV on different growth parameters, have been studied in the Snell dwarf mouse. HPLC-pure IGF-II, N2 and IGF-I stimulate to a similar extent the sulphate incorporation into costal cartilage, the osteochondral junction and epiphyseal cartilage. After 4 weeks of treatment, increase in body length and weight as well as the weights of several organs is obtained with SM fractions, focusing at acid and neutral pH, and containing mainly IGF-II- and less than 5% IGF-I-like peptides. Fractions containing mainly IGF-I-like peptides and focusing at basic pH at the dosage used seem to be less stimulatory on most of these parameters. The rump/tail ratio and weight/length ratio is comparable to that obtained after treatment with human growth hormone (hGH). hGH induced a significant stimulation of the weight of the liver, kidneys, heart, thymus and spleen. The acid and neutral SM fractions induced growth of the liver, kidneys and spleen. The basic fractions only produced a significant weight gain in kidneys and spleen. The skinfold thickness is stimulated by the SM preparations and only slightly by hGH. PMID- 3220461 TI - Acromegaly and hyperthyroidism associated with McCune-Albright syndrome. AB - A 36-year-old man is described having McCune-Albright syndrome, acromegaly likely due to somatotroph hyperplasia and hyperthyroidism due to adenomatous goiter. Sexual precocity was not noted. The sella was narrow in size and no mass was seen. The decline of elevated GH by hyperglycemia and increase by GHRH-44(NH2) may support somatotroph hyperplasia, but plasma GHRH-44(NH2) levels were not elevated. A mass in the right lobe and enlargement of the left lobe of the thyroid were noted. Thyroid hormone levels in serum and thyroidal radioiodine uptake values were elevated, while TSH measurements in serum were low. The radioiodine scan showed a cold nodule in the right lobe and a hot area in the left of the thyroid. Thyroidal radioiodine was not suppressed following T3 given orally. These findings are compatible with functioning glands autonomously as the mechanism for the endocrinopathies associated with the McCune-Albright syndrome. PMID- 3220462 TI - Diurnal pattern of plasma and cerebrospinal-fluid vasopressin levels in hydrocephalic patients: absence of a circadian rhythm and of a correlation between plasma and cerebrospinal-fluid variations. AB - The arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations were determined in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during a 24-hour period in 7 male patients suffering from hydrocephalus of differing etiologies. Blood and ventricular CSF samples were simultaneously collected every 2 h during the day (08.00-22.00) and every hour during the night (24.00-07.00). In both plasma and CSF, the AVP levels did not show significant time-related circadian variations. No significant correlation was found between the plasma and CSF AVP values during the 24-hour period. The data obtained indicate the absence of the plasma and CSF AVP circadian rhythm in hydrocephalic patients and suggest that in these patients, and possibly in healthy humans, physiological stimuli which are able to induce variations in the plasma AVP concentration during daily life do not alter the CSF AVP content. PMID- 3220464 TI - Observer variation in the assessment of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. AB - Six histopathologists allocated 100 sections from patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis into four diagnostic categories, regular hyperplasia, reactive atypia, low-grade and high-grade dysplasia. Their allocations were analysed using kappa statistics, including Fleiss's multiple kappa for groups of observers, and agreement on specific diagnoses was explored by constructing a conditional probability matrix. The nature of their disagreements was investigated using coefficients for systematic and haphazard errors. Over the four diagnostic categories there was a wide range of pairwise agreement from a low of 49% up to 72% and kappa values were only 'fair' or 'moderate'. As expected, agreement over the two categories 'dysplasia' vs 'no dysplasia' was better, ranging from 68% to 84%, and for 'atypia present' (reactive atypia, low- and high-grade dysplasia) vs "no atypia' two pairings achieved over 90% and 11 pairings over 80% agreement. In view of its clinical importance, conditional agreement on high-grade dysplasia, pairwise agreement on this diagnosis ranged from 100% down to as low as 33%. However, most of these disagreements fell into the low-grade dysplasia category so that closer follow-up and further biopsies would still have been indicated. It is a truism that the basis for safe management is careful co-operation between clinicians and pathologists who have all the relevant facts and who know and trust one another's judgement. Thus, several aspects of the ideal diagnostic process cannot be evaluated in inter-observer studies and the element of artificiality should be borne in mind when applying the findings to diagnostic practice. Nevertheless, the low level of agreement on the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia achieved by certain pairings of specialist pathologists is a disturbing outcome of this study. Inaccuracies should be minimized by a concensus approach and we therefore recommend referral of putative cases of dysplasia to interested pathologists for further opinions. We would also advocate that pathologists faced with appearances which are indefinite between reactive atypia and dysplasia, would do better to describe them in terms of "atypia, significance uncertain', so that closer surveillance is undertaken, rather than force them into more precise diagnostic categories which may be incorrect. PMID- 3220463 TI - Effect of bromocriptine on secretion and morphology of human prolactin cell adenomas in vitro. AB - The direct effect of short-term bromocriptine administration on human prolactin cell adenomas in vitro was studied by light and electron microscopy and correlated with the effect on hormone release. The light microscopic and, for the first time, ultrastructural characteristics of adenomatous prolactin cells in control and treated cultures were analyzed morphometrically and the changes induced by bromocriptine were quantified. Following 72 h treatment which lowered levels of prolactin release, there was a marked reduction in cell size, cytoplasmic volume and cytoplasmic volume densities of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. In contrast, the percentage of cytoplasm occupied by lysosomes increased. There was no consistent change in number and diameter of secretory granules. These findings indicate that prolactin cell involution is a direct effect of bromocriptine and suggest that reduction in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex is largely responsible for the decreased cell size. Lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components may play a role in this process. PMID- 3220465 TI - High iron diamine-alcian blue mucin profiles in benign, premalignant and malignant colorectal disease. AB - The presence of mucosal hyperplasia and sialomucin goblet cell secretion (transitional mucosa) was assessed in various benign, premalignant and malignant colorectal tissues. Transitional mucosa was seen in diverticular disease, solitary ulcer syndrome of the rectum, ischaemic and irradiation colitis and other diseases including pneumatosis coli, endometriosis, haemorrhoids and a colostomy margin. Adenocarcinomas had a sulphomucin or mixed secretion pattern with transitional features in the adjacent mucosa mucosa (18/27). Premalignant adenomatous polyps showed mixed secretion with transitional glands incorporated in the stalk and sometimes in the adjacent mucosa. Epithelium showing dysplasia secreted sulphomucins and in amounts related to its degree of differentiation. Transitional mucosa may not be a primary premalignant phenomemon. The conclusion and unifying concept is that it is a secondary event related to goblet cell immaturity. This can occur, secondary to proliferation in mucosal inflammation, ischaemia and prolapse or as a phenotypic expression of growth derived from underlying dysplastic epithelium. PMID- 3220466 TI - Mucin profiles in ulcerative colitis with dysplasia and carcinoma. AB - Mucin secretion was assessed in Crohn's colitis, in ulcerative colitis with regeneration, dysplasia and carcinoma and in non-colitic adenocarcinoma. The high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) and periodate borohydride-saponification periodic acid Schiff (PB-KOH-PAS) techniques were used to demonstrate sulphomucins and sialomucins, and O-acylated sialomucins respectively. There was mucosal hyperplasia and increased sialomucin secretion in Crohn's disease, quiescent and active ulcerative colitis. In colitis with carcinoma inflamed mucosa away from the tumour had increased sialomucins as had colitis with dysplasia. They did not differ statistically from each other or from colitic controls without cancer. Dysplastic crypts frequently secreted sulphomucins and the increased sialomucins were in transitional-like glands in the surface fronds or adjacent to the dysplasia. A comparative study of the HID-AB technique gave total correct qualitative allocation of individual quantitatively assessed crypts. Routine HID-AB staining did not aid the recognition of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. With the PB-KOH-PAS technique colorectal adenocarcinoma showed a significant diminution in O-acylated sialomucins compared with its adjacent mucosa. Mucosal dysplasia in ulcerative colitis displayed a similar trend in O-acylated sialic acid variants, differing with respect to age-and sex matched colitic controls. The PB-KOH-PAS technique may be of help in assessing mucin secretion in ulcerative colitis as a guide to the evolution of malignancy. PMID- 3220467 TI - Histometry of splenic microvascular architecture in hairy cell leukaemia. AB - In this study we investigated the splenic microvascular architecture in hairy cell leukaemia, in order to provide a morphological basis for the haemodynamic modifications occurring in the disease. When compared with controls, the four leukaemic spleens examined showed a set of changes involving both the arterial and the venous system. A real increase in the absolute volume, surface and length of pulp arterial vessels was present. This increase was not so great as the enlargement of the spleen, thus resulting in a reduced density of distribution of arterial vessels in the infiltrated pulp. Enlargement of pulp cords and sinuses was also present: the pulp cord enlargement was apparent in the unit volume, which resulted in a disproportionately higher increase of the absolute volume, compared with that of sinuses. The sinus-cordal rearrangement and, particularly, the increase in the volume of pulp cords may cause a slowing down of blood cell circulation with resultant increased phagocytosis and hypersplenism. Moreover, it is suggested that the changes observed in the arterial bed of the spleen in hairy cell leukaemia involve both a reduced blood supply per unit volume of splenic pulp and a more marked conditioning of blood cells prior to their screening by cordal macrophages. PMID- 3220468 TI - An immunohistological study of 66 ependymomas. AB - Sixty-six ependymomas were examined immunohistologically to determine their distribution of glial fibrillary acidic proteins, S-100 protein and vimentin. The neoplasms were subdivided into four groups: (1) ependymomas from the cauda equina, predominantly of the myxopapillary type; (2) benign ependymomas; (3) malignant ependymomas; and (4) ependymoblastomas. Marked differences in antigen reactivity were observed between each group. The intensity of the reaction with the three antibodies was strongest in malignant ependymomas. Ependymomas from the cauda equina showed a patchy distribution of positivity for the three antigens in cells surrounding blood vessels but there was no staining of collagenous septa or the myxoid areas. In ependymoblastomas, the cells of the rosettes were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, but there was focal positivity for vimentin and S-100. Other areas showed tumour cells containing moderate amounts of vimentin and small amounts of S-100, and a few bands of filaments positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The cytogenetic and biological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3220470 TI - Intravenous leiomyomatosis: a case report emphasizing the vascular component. PMID- 3220469 TI - Small bowel stricture secondary to multiple cholesterol emboli. PMID- 3220471 TI - Chromosomal distribution of the RTVL-H family of human endogenous retrovirus-like sequences. AB - We have analyzed the chromosomal distribution of a large family of human endogenous retrovirus-like sequences termed RTVL-H. In situ hybridizations suggest that these sequences are found on all human chromosomes. These results also indicate that clusters or concentrations of RTVL-H elements may exist on chromosomes 1p and 7q. Southern blotting experiments using somatic cell hybrids containing either the human chromosome 3 or the X chromosome confirm the presence of multiple dispersed RTVL-H sequences on these two chromosomes. These experiments also demonstrate that distinct RTVL-H banding patterns can be detected for each chromosome. Thus, RTVL-H probes may be useful in genome mapping studies. PMID- 3220472 TI - The baboon apolipoprotein E gene: structure, expression, and linkage with the gene for apolipoprotein C-1. AB - To develop the baboon model for molecular genetic studies of atherosclerosis, we have cloned and sequenced the baboon apolipoprotein E (apo E) gene. The baboon apo E gene encodes the E4 isoform with respect to specific amino acid positions, suggesting that the common epsilon 3 allele is not the primal human allele. Rather than accumulating predominantly synonymous nucleotide changes, 50% of substitutions in human and baboon apo E gene coding regions cause amino acid substitutions. However, comparisons of these apo E proteins show conservation of amphipathic helices required for apo E--lipid interactions. The human and baboon apo E genes have diverged less extensively than those from rat and mouse, providing further evidence for a slowing of molecular evolution in primate species. The baboon and rhesus monkey apo E genes (intron 2) contain two Alu repeats that are absent in the human gene, indicating insertion after the divergence of human and cercopithecine lineages, but before the baboon/rhesus divergence. S1 nuclease studies show that transcription of the baboon apo E gene starts at two different positions, one of which corresponds to the human gene start site. To examine linkage of apolipoprotein genes in the baboon genome, we have used a human cDNA probe to detect apo C-I gene sequences approximately 4 kb from the 3' end of the baboon apo E gene. PMID- 3220473 TI - Localization of the gene encoding human factor V to chromosome 1q21-25. AB - The gene encoding human coagulation Factor V (FV), one of the cofactors in the blood clotting process, has been mapped to chromosome 1 by both Southern hybridization to DNA from human-hamster somatic cell hybrids and in situ hybridization. The whole plasmid pUC3A containing a 1.5-kb cDNA sequence for FV was 32P-labeled for Southern analysis and 3H-labeled for in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes. The results localized the FV gene to the region of 1q21 25. PMID- 3220475 TI - Chromosome-specific alpha satellite DNA: isolation and mapping of a polymorphic alphoid repeat from human chromosome 10. AB - Distinct subsets of the human alpha satellite repetitive DNA family can be found in the centromeric region of each chromosome. Here we described the isolation and mapping of an alpha satellite repeat unit specific for human chromosome 10, using a somatic cell hybrid in which the only human centromere derives from chromosome 10. A hierarchical higher-order repeat unit, consisting of eight tandem approximately 171-bp alphoid monomer units, is defined by six restriction endonucleases. Under high-stringency conditions, a cloned representative of this 8-mer repeat family hybridizes to chromosome 10 only, both by Southern blot analysis of a somatic cell hybrid panel and by in situ hybridization. The probe furthermore detects a polymorphic restriction pattern of the alpha satellite array on chromosome 10. These features will make this probe a valuable genetic marker for studies of the centromeric region of chromosome 10. PMID- 3220474 TI - Chromosomal mapping of lysosomal enzyme structural genes in the domestic cat. AB - A panel of 42 rodent x cat somatic cell hybrids has been used to assign seven structural genes for lysosomal enzymes to specific chromosomes in the domestic cat. The assignments include alpha-glucosidase (GANAB) to chromosome D1, alpha galactosidase (GLA) to the X chromosome, beta-galactosidase 1 (GLB1) to chromosome B3, beta-glucuronidase (GUSB) to chromosome E3, alpha-mannosidase A (MANA) to chromosome B3, alpha-L-fucosidase (FUCA) to chromosome C1, and hexosaminidase A (HEXA) to chromosome B3. In all cases, the feline lysosomal enzyme genes were located in linkage groups which were syntenic with their homologous positions in the human gene map. These assignments expand the genetic map of the cat and reaffirm the extensive syntenic homology between the chromosome maps of man and cat. PMID- 3220476 TI - Localization of the proto-oncogene MOS to 8q11-q12 by in situ chromosomal hybridization. AB - The human MOS proto-oncogene has been mapped previously to two different sites on chromosome 8 (8q22 and 8q11). Here we report in situ hybridization data from two different laboratories which confirm the localization of MOS to the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome 8, at 8q11-q12. PMID- 3220477 TI - The hemopexin gene maps to the same location as the beta-globin gene cluster on human chromosome 11. AB - Using human hemopexin cDNA clones isolated from lambda gt11 cDNA library as probes, we have carried out Southern blot analysis of a series of human-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids containing different combinations of human chromosomes. Synteny analysis revealed 100% concordance between the hemopexin gene and human chromosome 11. In situ hybridization of 3H-labeled hemopexin cDNA to metaphase chromosomes prepared from human lymphocytes further localized the gene to the region p15.4-p15.5, the same location as the beta-globin gene cluster. PMID- 3220479 TI - Mapping of a human fibrillar collagen gene, pro alpha 1 (XI) (COL11A1), to the p21 region of chromosome 1. AB - Type XI collagen is a minor and poorly characterized structural component of cartilage. Recently, cDNA and genomic clones coding for the pro alpha 1 chain of human Type XI collagen, formerly 1 alpha collagen, have been isolated and fully characterized. Here we have used one such probe to establish the chromosomal localization of the pro alpha 1 (XI) collagen gene (COL11A1) by hybridization to filter-bound DNA isolated from flow-sorted chromosomes and by in situ hybridization on metaphase chromosomes. This combination of approaches has enabled us to locate COL1A11 in the p21 region of chromosome 1. This represents the first mapping of a Type XI collagen gene and the first assignment of a collagen locus to chromosome 1. These studies also provide additional evidence for the nearly uniform dispersion of the human fibrillar collagen genes in the human genome. PMID- 3220478 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen family: characterization of cDNAs coding for NCA and CEA and suggestion of nonrandom sequence variation in their conserved loop-domains. AB - We have isolated cDNAs for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and for a normal cross reacting antigen (NCA) and report here their nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences. Our data show that both the CEA and NCA polypeptides are organized into extracellular domains, some with cysteine-linked loops, that share extensive sequence homology (approximately 78% overall) with each other and appear similar to immunoglobulin superfamily members. A major difference between the two apoproteins is the presence of a single loop-domain in NCA compared to three tandemly repeated loop-domains in CEA. Sequence comparisons between the extracellular domains of CEA and NCA show that the N-terminal and adjacent loop domains of each apoprotein have high homology (85-90%) to each other, while comparison of loop-domain regions reveals a possible nonrandom distribution of base changes and altered amino acids near certain cysteine residues that are inferred to be involved in forming disulfide loops. Both apoproteins show high identity in their hydrophobic C-termini that are reminiscent of the type of transmembrane tails seen in proteins that potentiate signal transduction. These findings, coupled with distinct expression profiles of CEA and NCA mRNAs, suggest that these apoproteins may function as unique cell-surface molecules mediating cell-specific interactions in normal and neoplastic cells. PMID- 3220480 TI - Important findings regarding the pseudoautosomal region of the human X and Y chromosomes. PMID- 3220481 TI - XIII World Conference on Health Education. Participation for all in health. August 28-September 2, 1988, Houston, Texas, USA. PMID- 3220482 TI - Participation for all in health. PMID- 3220483 TI - Popular health. PMID- 3220484 TI - Health education: the grand alliance. PMID- 3220485 TI - "The education-knowledge road to Health for All--strategy for the 1990's". PMID- 3220486 TI - Priorities for the work of the International Union for Health Education. PMID- 3220487 TI - The role of practice in dual-task performance: toward workload modeling in a connectionist/control architecture. PMID- 3220488 TI - Examination of the role of "higher-order" consistency in skill development. PMID- 3220489 TI - Codes and modalities in multiple resources: a success and a qualification. PMID- 3220490 TI - Multiple resources for processing and storage in short-term working memory. PMID- 3220491 TI - Task-sharing within and between hemispheres: a multiple-resources approach. PMID- 3220492 TI - Capacity equivalence curves: a double trade-off curve method for equating task performance. PMID- 3220493 TI - A new estimator to minimize the error due to breathing in the measurement of respiratory impedance. PMID- 3220494 TI - The transient absorption characteristics of the two-phase blood/gas system: a comparison to the Danckwerts model. PMID- 3220495 TI - A noninvasive electromagnetic conductivity sensor for biomedical applications. PMID- 3220496 TI - A long-term in vitro silicon-based microelectrode-neuron connection. PMID- 3220497 TI - Cardiovascular variability signals: towards the identification of a closed-loop model of the neural control mechanisms. PMID- 3220498 TI - The depolarization sequence of the human heart surface computed from measured body surface potentials. PMID- 3220500 TI - Spectrum dip estimator of nerve conduction velocity. PMID- 3220499 TI - Isoreflectance contours for medical imaging. PMID- 3220501 TI - The RF toroidal transformer as a heat delivery system for regional and focused hyperthermia. PMID- 3220502 TI - Design and implementation of a digital filter for beat-by-beat impedance cardiography. PMID- 3220503 TI - Tactile sensory monitoring of clinician-applied forces during delivery of newborns. PMID- 3220504 TI - Simplified approach to assessing intravenous flow characteristics in the therapeutic infusion range. PMID- 3220505 TI - Origins of the impedance change in impedance cardiography by a three-dimensional finite element model. PMID- 3220506 TI - Regulation of a murine macrophage haemagglutinin (sheep erythrocyte receptor) by a species-restricted serum factor. AB - The mechanisms which generate heterogeneity amongst resident tissue macrophages (M phi) are poorly understood. In a previous study we described a novel mouse M phi haemagglutinin, which binds unopsonized sheep erythrocytes. This sheep erythrocyte receptor (SER) is expressed at high levels on stromal M phi from bone marrow and lymph nodes, but at low levels on M phi from serous cavities and broncho-alveolar spaces. In this paper we demonstrate that a species-restricted factor in mouse serum is required in vitro for optimal maintenance of SER on resident bone marrow M phi and for its induction on M phi populations which normally lack this receptor. Using thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal M phi, induction of SER by mouse serum was dose-dependent, reached maximal levels by 3-4 days, required the continuous presence of mouse serum, and was fully reversible. Re-expression following trypsinization was inhibited by cycloheximide, showing that protein synthesis by M phi was necessary. Using a quantitative microtitre plate assay to measure levels of the inducing activity (SER-IA) in different samples, it was found to be heat-labile, non-dialysable, precipitable by polyethylene glycol and inactivated at pH 4 but not at pH 9.6. On gel filtration of mouse serum, a single major peak of activity was obtained with an apparent MW of around 70,000. SER-IA appears to be unrelated to a variety of factors and cytokines which affect M phi function, including colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF 1). The possible role of SER-IA in regulating the differential expression of SER in vivo is discussed. PMID- 3220507 TI - K-cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced with rat monoclonal antibodies. I. Antibodies of various isotypes differ in their ability to induce cytotoxicity mediated by rat and human effectors. AB - Among the rat antibodies tested in this study, monoclonals of IgG2a isotype were the best, IgG1 and IgG2b being also effective, for induction of K-cell-mediated cytotoxicity of relevant nucleated target cells by rat effectors (Nude spleen cells). The single rat monoclonal IgE tested was also active. Rat antibodies of IgM and IgA classes of immunoglobulins were not active in that system. IgG2c and IgD monoclonals were not tested. Using the same panel of reagents, cytotoxicity mediated by human K cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) was only induced by the IgG2b class of rat monoclonals. PMID- 3220508 TI - Activated adherent large granular lymphocytes/natural killer (LGL/NK) cells change their migratory behaviour. AB - Unstimulated large granular lymphocytes/natural killer (LGL/NK) cells, unlike small T lymphocytes, exhibit prompt locomotion into nitrocellulose filters in response to chemo-attactrants, but, unlike monocytes, are unable to migrate as adherent cells across polycarbonate filters. Upon activation with 4-B-phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate (PDBU), LGL/NK cells become adherent and change their migratory behaviour, having the ability to migrate as adherent cells across polycarbonate filters. PDBU-treated high-density T lymphocytes did not show, under the same conditions, locomotory activity. The change in migratory behaviour following activation may represent an important determinant of the ability of activated LGL/NK cells to adhere to vascular linings and localize in tissues. PMID- 3220510 TI - [New prognostic factors in lung cancer]. PMID- 3220509 TI - [Some enzyme disturbances in cancer patients undergoing polychemotherapy]. PMID- 3220512 TI - [Immunotherapy with high-dose thymostimulin in patients with advanced neoplasms]. PMID- 3220511 TI - [Lymphography of the spermatic cord in the staging of testicular germinal tumors]. PMID- 3220513 TI - [Usefulness and limits of follow-up in breast cancer]. PMID- 3220514 TI - [Inguino-iliac obstruction lymphadenectomy. Surgical technic]. PMID- 3220515 TI - [Morphologic typing of endometrial adenocarcinoma: clinico-statistical study]. PMID- 3220516 TI - [Primary retroperitoneal tumors: our experience from 1974 to the present]. PMID- 3220519 TI - Congenital leukemia. PMID- 3220518 TI - Effect of platelet-activating factor on leukocyte adhesion to microvascular endothelium. Time course and dose-response relationships. AB - The hamster cheek pouch microcirculation was used to investigate the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on leukocyte adhesion to microvascular walls by means of intravital microscopy. PAF was applied topically at concentrations ranging from 10(-11) to 10(-5) M. An inverse relationship between PAF concentration and number of adhering white cells per 100-microns length was found in venules ranging in diameter from 10 to 60 microns (grouped into 10-microns intervals). Importantly, the PAF-induced adhesion of leukocytes lasted for the 3 h experimental period. We postulate that induction of leukocyte adhesion to venular endothelium is an important role of PAF in inflammatory processes. PMID- 3220517 TI - Edema-inducing activity of phospholipase A2 purified from human synovial fluid and inhibition by aristolochic acid. AB - A neutral-active, Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) purified 11,000-fold from human synovial fluid (HSF) induced edema when injected into the mouse foot pad. The edema produced by HSF-PLA2 was dose-dependent and was positively correlated with the dose-dependent in vitro expression of PLA2 activity. Maximum edema was achieved within 45 min after the injection and persisted for at least 6 h. Aristolochic acid [8-methoxy-6-nitrophenanthro(3,4-d)-1,3-dioxole-5-carboxylic acid], a major chemical component derived from various species of Aristolochia plant, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of in vitro phospholipid hydrolysis by HSF-PLA2, porcine pancreatic PLA2, snake venom (Naja naja) PLA2, and PLA2 isolated from human platelet. The sensitivity of these PLA2s to inhibition by aristolochic acid varied markedly: HSF-PLA2 greater than N. naja PLA2 greater than human platelet PLA2 greater than porcine pancreatic PLA2. The inhibition of HSF-PLA2 by aristolochic acid was independent of substrate concentration (18-144 microM) and Ca2+ concentration (0.1-4.0 mM). These observations indicate that inhibition of HSF-PLA2 by aristolochic acid may result from direct interaction with the enzyme. When aristolochic acid was mixed with HSF-PLA2 and then injected into the mouse foot pad, edema was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner and was positively correlated with in vitro inhibition of PLA2 activity. Alkylation of HSF-PLA2 with p-bromophenacyl bromide concomitantly inhibited both enzyme and edema-inducing activity. These results clearly demonstrate that the neutral active, Ca2+-dependent PLA2 isolated from human synovial fluid is proinflammatory and that catalytic activity is positively correlated with in vivo proinflammatory effects. PMID- 3220521 TI - Turner syndrome in a neonate. PMID- 3220520 TI - Beware of psoas abscess. PMID- 3220522 TI - Extension of round worm through ear. PMID- 3220523 TI - Uniform standard measure in all liquid preparations. PMID- 3220524 TI - Pediatric formulations. PMID- 3220525 TI - How well trained is the field level Anganwadi worker in detecting growth retardation and faltering in the 'under sixes'? PMID- 3220526 TI - The effects of deprivation syndrome on the adjustment of orphan, tribal and non tribal children. PMID- 3220527 TI - Cerebral malaria in children: therapeutic considerations. PMID- 3220528 TI - Pseudocyst of pancreas in children. PMID- 3220529 TI - Sarcoidosis in children. PMID- 3220530 TI - Tongue hemangiomas. PMID- 3220532 TI - Long QT syndrome. PMID- 3220533 TI - Case definitions in the surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases. PMID- 3220531 TI - Idiopathic long QT syndrome masquerading as epilepsy. PMID- 3220534 TI - Childhood cancer: the significant issues. PMID- 3220536 TI - Acute respiratory infections in children: a hospital based report. PMID- 3220535 TI - Socio-economic and ecologic correlates of acute respiratory infections in preschool children. PMID- 3220537 TI - Lung function response to exercise testing. PMID- 3220538 TI - Peak expiratory flow rate of school going tribal children (9-15 years) from Orissa. PMID- 3220539 TI - Lobar emphysema in infancy. PMID- 3220540 TI - Speeding up universal immunization programme. PMID- 3220541 TI - Evaluation of two immunization strategies for rural areas. PMID- 3220542 TI - Thumb sucking: an analysis of 150 cases. PMID- 3220543 TI - National workshop on child health and manpower: 2000 AD. PMID- 3220544 TI - Magnitude of poliomyelitis in a rural area of Allahabad. PMID- 3220545 TI - Functional variations in leucocytes in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 3220546 TI - Pulmonary agenesis. PMID- 3220547 TI - Solitary pulmonary hydatid cyst. PMID- 3220548 TI - Congenital sideroblastic anemia in a female. PMID- 3220549 TI - Pyometra in a three year old girl. PMID- 3220550 TI - Spontaneous neonatal gastric perforation causing hemo-pneumo-peritoneum. PMID- 3220551 TI - Iniencephaly. PMID- 3220552 TI - Proximal myopathy as a presenting feature in hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 3220554 TI - Breast milk total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen and lactoferrin content. PMID- 3220553 TI - Rattler chips aspiration. PMID- 3220555 TI - Osteosarcoma. PMID- 3220556 TI - Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy in pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 3220558 TI - Better system for maternal and child health. PMID- 3220557 TI - Leukemia cure in India--myth or reality? PMID- 3220559 TI - Acute leukemia in children. PMID- 3220560 TI - Management of acute leukemias: problems with compliance and follow-up. PMID- 3220561 TI - Results of management in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3220562 TI - Use and misuse of oral rehydration solutions in general practice. PMID- 3220564 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in newborns. PMID- 3220563 TI - Prescribing for diarrheal diseases. PMID- 3220566 TI - Outcome of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia managed with exchange transfusion. PMID- 3220565 TI - Trace metals in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 3220567 TI - Isoniazid acetylator status in children. PMID- 3220568 TI - Robinow syndrome. PMID- 3220569 TI - Recurrent bilateral parotitis. PMID- 3220571 TI - Giant hydronephrosis. PMID- 3220570 TI - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. PMID- 3220572 TI - Acute systemic toxic reactions caused by hornet stings. PMID- 3220573 TI - Exchange transfusion for Dapsone poisoning. PMID- 3220574 TI - Persistent plagiocephaly with congenital dislocation of hip. PMID- 3220575 TI - Aminophylline as diazepam antagonist in a preterm infant. PMID- 3220577 TI - Chondrodysplasia punctata. PMID- 3220576 TI - Mecillinam: a potential anti-shigella agent. PMID- 3220578 TI - Neonatal suppurative parotitis with facial palsy. PMID- 3220579 TI - Clinical features of hepatitis delta virus infection in a northern Italian area. AB - Expression of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) markers was investigated in sera from 310 patients with acute hepatitis, 63 chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and 76 drug addicts positive for at least one serological hepatitis B virus (HBV) marker. Acute HDV infection occurred in 17.1% of the patients with acute hepatitis. Among 40 cases of coinfection, hepatitis was severe in ten and fulminant in three. Only two of the 13 superinfected patients showed a severe hepatitis, but a high percentage (78%) of them developed chronic hepatitis one year after HDV infection. Also in our area parenteral drug addiction represents the main factor of risk for HDV infection. The high prevalence of HDV infection in our area points to the necessity for serological screening for HDV markers in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis. PMID- 3220580 TI - Prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers among Polish urban alcoholics. AB - 124 consecutive patients (mean age: 41.1 years; range: 20-63 years) attending an outpatient alcoholic clinic were tested for the presence of markers of HBV infection. HBsAg was found in 26 (21%), anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc in the absence of HBsAg in 35 (28%). Altogether, at least one marker was present in 61 (49%), these results being significantly higher than in a matched control population. In 70 cases HBV status was compared with epidemiological data. No relationship was found with past blood transfusions, hospitalization or jaundice. HBV infection was, however, more common when parents of the subjects were alcoholics, which points to a possible role of family spreading. Furthermore, chronic infection with HBV was related to high alcohol intake. PMID- 3220581 TI - A possible misdiagnosis in patients presenting with acute HBsAg-negative hepatitis: the role of hepatitis delta virus. AB - We describe here two cases of delta hepatitis (a coinfection and a superinfection) presenting as acute HBsAg-negative hepatitis. The first patient, a parenteral drug abuser, had a biphasic course of the disease, with HBsAg detectable transiently only during the relapse. Testing for delta markers on stored sera gave evidence of HBV/HDV coinfection. The other patient, a hospital nurse, chronic asymptomatic carrier of HBsAg, developed fulminant hepatitis with the transient appearance of antibody to HBsAg. She survived massive liver necrosis, and serological analysis of HDV markers documented a hepatitis delta virus superinfection. These cases demonstrate the possible substantial repression of HBV gene products exerted by the replication of delta virus, with a likely misdiagnosis if delta markers are not determined in serial serum samples. PMID- 3220583 TI - Treatment of pertussis with josamycin. PMID- 3220582 TI - Successful treatment of malaria tropica with acute renal failure and cerebral involvement by plasmapheresis and hemodialysis. AB - A non-immune, 31-year-old woman developed an acute infection with Plasmodium falciparum after travelling to Kenia. The parasites proved resistant to chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. The course of the disease was complicated by acute renal failure, hepatocellular damage, disorders of blood coagulation, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis and cerebral involvement. Despite a very high level of parasitemia (50% parasitized erythrocytes) a rapid clinical improvement was achieved by plasmapheresis and hemodialysis. Our experience shows that plasmapheresis and hemodialysis are excellent additive methods which rapidly improve clinical symptoms and may reduce morbidity and mortality in severe malaria tropica. PMID- 3220585 TI - Organization and operation of the hospital-infection-control program of the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. AB - The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics is located in the center of the United States in Eastern Iowa, has 1,000 hospital beds, and is the largest university owned teaching hospital in the country. Over 35,000 patients are admitted each year. The infection control efforts began in 1969 and were broadened in 1976 with the establishment and implementation of the Program of Epidemiology directed by W.J. Hierholzer, Jr., M.D., hospital epidemiologist. Hospital-wide surveillance is routinely performed by three and a half full-time equivalent LPN practitioners who assess problems and evaluate data essential to realistic identification of nosocomial infection rates, implementation of controls and evaluation of control measures. Nosocomial infection surveillance, utilizing modified CDC criteria, has been performed since July 1976. Ward rounds are made by staff, utilizing nursing care and medication Kardex's, microbiology, hematology and X-ray reports. Importantly, the surveillance system is being validated by concurrent prospective surveys to determine the sensitivity and specificity of reporting data. Outbreaks/epidemics of infections, such as Legionella pneumonia, diarrhea of unknown species, and wounds, as well as burns from manufactured changes in cautery grounds, have been identified and controlled before they have become major epidemics. Surveillance has identified one epidemic per 10,000 patients admitted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220584 TI - Endocarditis due to nutritionally variant streptococci. PMID- 3220586 TI - Comparison between the fluorometric HPLC method and the conventional method for determining urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid and coproporphyrin as indices of lead exposure. AB - Fluorometric methods for determining delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coproporphyrin (CP) in urine have been recently developed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the present study, urinary ALA and CP in lead-exposed workers were determined with these fluorometric HPLC methods and the conventional methods, and the results obtained were compared. In lead workers with a urinary ALA greater than or equal to 5 mg/l, the values obtained with the fluorometric HPLC method corresponded well with those measured with the conventional colorimetric method. In contrast, in lead workers with ALA less than 5 mg/l, ALA values obtained with the fluorometric HPLC method were lower than those measured with the conventional method, suggesting the possibility of matrix interference in urine. The urinary CP values obtained with the conventional method of Rimington (1971) were higher than those measured with the fluorometric HPLC method, though the correlation was good. PMID- 3220587 TI - Mortality and cancer morbidity in workers exposed to sulphur dioxide in a sulphuric acid plant. AB - To evaluate the risk of non-malignant respiratory disease and tumours at exposure to sulphur dioxide, a retrospective cohort study was performed on a group of 400 male workers, employed for at least six months during the period 1961-1981, in a sulphuric acid factory. Since 1969, fairly extensive measurements have been performed in the respiratory zone of the workers. The median level of total dust, over the years, was 2.2 mg/m3 (time-weighted average), of respirable dust 0.6 mg/m3, of sulphur dioxide 3.6 mg/m3, and of arsenic 11 micrograms/m3. There was a significantly increased total mortality in the period 1961-1985. Applying greater than or equal to 5 years latency period there were 47 observed deaths, giving a standardized mortality rate (SMR) of 1.57 (P = 0.002). The increased mortality was due to violence and intoxication (observed 9, SMR = 2.83; P = 0.006) and cardiovascular disease (SMR = 1.51, P = 0.05). The total tumour morbidity was not increased (observed 17, SMR = 1.17, P greater than 0.5) and there was no rise of either non-malignant or malignant lung diseases. However, there was an increase of bladder cancer (observed 5, SMR = 4.36, P = 0.006). PMID- 3220588 TI - Substantiating hazardous exposure to asbestos by examination of pulmonary dust. AB - Substantiation of relevant asbestos risks by microscopic examination sets a lower detection limit at fibres longer than 5 to 10 micron and thicker than 0.5 micron. Such microscopically detectable fibres are, of course, in respect to "total quantity" the insignificant part of the overall dust burden, but apparently a necessary part of the whole fraction when assessing the relevance of exposure. Until now, no epidemiologically conclusive asbestos risks resulting from occupational exposure have been made known solely with fibre fraction below the microscopic detection limit. Demands for supplementary electromicroscopic examination on the basis of case reports of lung parenchyma damage by fibres of a lower calibre than the microscopic detection limit are, therefore, presently without foundation. The subject examinations reveal that substantiation of asbestos risks with light-optical means, using different methods, provides comparable results. Initially, of course, it is surprising to obtain fluctuations in results of 100,000 to 600,000 asbestos particles for the same case. However, one must realize that calculations based on intermediate results are responsible for this range of fluctuation, due to the varying degree of asbestos fibre dispersion in the different sections of the lung and, depending on the method of detection used. Interest on the part of everyday occupational medicine and expert opinion is determined by the need to categorize individual cases into different basic classes of risk by referring to relevant morphological facts, such as substantiation of asbestosis or drawing a borderline between persons with occupational risk and those with a non-occupational risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220589 TI - Finger systolic pressure during local cooling in normal subjects aged 20 to 60 years: reference values for the assessment of digital vasospasm in Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. AB - Measurements of finger systolic pressure (FSP) during a standardized cold test (finger cooling to 30, 15 and 10 degrees C during 5 min ischemia) were performed on 103 healthy subjects divided into four subgroups according to age: 20-29 years (n = 22), 30-39 years (n = 32), 40-49 yr (n = 27), 50-60 years (n = 22). Among the age groups there was no difference in the reduction of FSP (FSP%) and in the digit-to-brachial systolic pressure index (DBI%) after cold provocation at 15 and 10 degrees C. Cold-induced digital vasoconstriction was more intense in smokers than in non smokers (P = 0.025). In the entire study population the lower normal limits of FSP% were 74% at 15 degrees C and 63% at 10 degrees C. Using an FSP%10 of less than 60% as a discriminating threshold between normals and patients with vibration white finger, the sensitivity of the cold test was 87% and the specificity was 100%. The findings of this study suggest the following considerations: (a) age does not seem to influence the digital arterial response to cold in healthy subjects; (b) smoking has a harmful effect on finger cold reaction in normal individuals; (c) the measurement of FSP during cooling is an accurate method of objectively diagnosing Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. PMID- 3220590 TI - Handling of cytostatic drugs and urine mutagenesis. AB - As part of a French national epidemiologic study on human reproduction among hospital personnel, we investigated urine mutagenicity of nurses and personnel from oncology units exposed to cytostatic drugs. During a first series of experiments, urine mutagenicity of 47 subjects working in six oncology units was investigated in the Marseille regional's hospital. A control group of 37 individuals working in one cardiology clinic was also included. Urinary mutagens were extracted on XAD-2 resin and tested by two bacterial mutagenicity tests: the Ames test with tester strains Salmonella typhimurium TA 97, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 with or without metabolic activation (S9 MiX) and the SOS Chromotest with tester strain Escherichia coli PQ 37-S9 MIX. Bactericidal activity towards the tester strains was found in 40% of the urine samples (36/90). During a second series of experiments, urine mutagenicity of 17 office clerks was also investigated. Toxicity was found in six of the 21 urine samples. No significant difference of toxicity distribution and no relationship between toxicity and cigarette smoking were found. Qualitative analysis of the data showed no significant difference among the exposed groups and the control group (Chi 2 = 0.529, df = 2) with tester strain TA 98 + S9 MIX. Cigarette smoking was found to be the main factor of increased urinary mutagenicity (Chi 2 = 0.529, df = 1). Quantitative analysis of the data showed that mutagenic potencies varied from 0.332 +/- 0.539 revertants/mg creatinine to 7.226 +/- 6.743 revertants/mg creatinine with TA 98 + S9 MIX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220592 TI - Orthopaedic diseases among transport workers. AB - Material handling tasks result in high load on the skeletal system. Long-term employment in transportation jobs may therefore cause a high frequency of orthopaedic diseases, particularly in the spinal region. An epidemiological study was performed on employees from a large company in order to test this hypothesis. The medical history of 249 male transport workers was examined by means of statistical analysis of the orthopaedic diseases documented in the record file of their company's health service. For purposes of comparison, the same data evaluation was performed for an age-matched reference group consisting of 267 persons chosen randomly from among the male employees in the same company. The proportion of persons with orthopaedic diseases amounts to 77.1% among the transport workers and 62.9% among the reference persons. It is consequently 1.22 times higher for the transport workers than for the reference persons ("rate ratio RR" = 1.22). The greatest part of all orthopaedic diseases affects the spine. Within the spine, the lumbar region is the most frequently damaged. Both for the totality of all spinal sections as well as for diseases of particular spinal sections (cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine), the proportion of the transport workers with diseases is higher than that of the reference persons (RR between 1.20 and 1.36). The proportion of persons with spinal diseases increases with age in both groups. There is no observable difference between the groups with regard to the frequency of persons with degenerative diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220591 TI - Metabolic activity of antipyrine in workers occupationally exposed to trichloroethylene. AB - In order to investigate possible effects of occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TRI) on the liver cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenases, the metabolic activity of salivary antipyrine was determined in workers (I; N = 32) employed in dry-cleaning shops (I-1; N = 17) and in an industrial metal degreasing process (I-2; N = 15). The studies were performed twice: (a) during the working period, (b) and after at least three weeks free of exposure. The control group (II) consisted of 29 subjects with no known exposure to chemicals. Analyses of the solvents used (TRI) showed them to be mixtures. Statistically significant differences were found (P less than 0.01) in antipyrine t1/2 and clearance within the exposed group (Ia:Ib), but not between the exposed (I) and control (II) group. A breakdown of antipyrine pharmacokinetic data by I-1 and I-2 subgroups demonstrated a statistically significant difference in t1/2 (P less than 0.02) and clearance (P less than 0.05) within I-1 subgroup (a:b), in contrast to the I-2 subgroup (a:b). The difference in antipyrine t1/2 between I 1,a and the control group (II) was also statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Although there was no difference in TRI exposure between I-1 and I-2 based on the biological parameters of TRI absorption, the TRI used in I-2 was of higher grade of purity. It can therefore be concluded that TRI itself is not an inducer of liver monooxygenases and that the monooxygenase induction in subgroup I-1 of TRI exposed workers could be due to TRI impurities. PMID- 3220593 TI - Short-term occupational exposure limits: a simplified approach. AB - This paper presents a simplified proposal for setting health standards based on short-term exposure limits (STEL). It presents an alternative to the approach by the German MAC Commission: with only three instead of five categories, no fixed excursion factors, but ranges; more restrictive duration of sampling; no fixed frequencies of the number of accepted excursions per workshift. PMID- 3220594 TI - Mechanical energy absorption in human hand-arm exposed to sinusoidal vibration. AB - A possible basis for risk assessment of human exposure to vibration when using hand-held tools may be to determine the amount of mechanical energy that is absorbed by the hand-arm system. The aim of this investigation was to study the absorption of mechanical energy in the human hand-arm system during exposure to sinusoidal vibration within the frequency range of 20 to 1500 Hz. A handle, specially designed for this type of experiments, was used during the measurements. The influence of various experimental conditions, such as three different hand-arm postures, grip force (25-75 N) and vibration levels (27-53 mm/srms), were studied on eight subjects. The outcome clearly shows that the energy absorption properties of the human hand-arm system are more or less dependent on all of the experimental conditions studied, but mainly to the frequency of the vibration stimuli. Furthermore, the results indicate a non linear relationship between the energy absorbed and all other variables studies. PMID- 3220595 TI - Simulation of patient flow in a picture archival and communications system network. AB - As hospital radiology departments expand their use of digitally formatted imaging devices, these machines will be connected in local area networks called Picture Archival and Communications Systems (PACS). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of computer simulation to analyze the process of patients using a PACS. The flexibility of using simulation on a proposed PACS is shown, starting with the description of a basic model. Different machine networks are run and the results compared. Simulation modeling provides a valuable tool to hospital and department administrators in detecting possible problem areas which may occur with proposed PACS configurations under assumed patient loads. PMID- 3220596 TI - The computerization of the Cardiff Births Survey. AB - The Cardiff Births Survey (CBS) is a major ongoing study of childbirth in a well defined population, and has formed the basis for a number of important investigations in its field. It started at a time when computers were about to become readily available in United Kingdom universities, and it has made use of them from its earliest days. The changing ways in which this has been done over the years are here described in parallel with the changes that have taken place to the survey itself. Conclusions are drawn concerning the characteristics of other studies to which similar methods might be applied, and the inherent advantages and limitations of these methods are considered. Finally brief discussion is made of future prospects for the use of computers in the Cardiff Births Survey itself. PMID- 3220597 TI - Direct identification of parameters in a mathematical model describing conduction through the atrioventricular node. AB - Function of the atrioventricular node is assessed during intracardiac electrophysiology study by relating the output intervals A2H2 and H1H2 to the input A1A2, where A and H are, respectively, atrial and His bundle electrograms recorded by catheter. The H1H2 curves have been previously deduced from a model describing the A2H2 curves. Because of presence in a few cases of different behaviour of A2H2 and H1H2, this study aimed to establish a more suitable model of H1H2 independently of A2H2 for the particular case of a single transmission pathway. The two models were compared by calculation of standard error of the estimate. As a first approximation, the deduced model may be sufficient. However, the standard error of the estimate was less with the direct algorithm, which is therefore the more suitable for further development, particularly for recognition and modelling of conduction over multiple pathways through the atrioventricular node. PMID- 3220598 TI - Computer graphics and computer animation of the electric heart field. AB - The authors present in their paper the possibilities of the application of computer graphics and computer animation for visualization of the electric heart field (EHF). They describe the construction of three-dimensional potential maps by the methods of interpolation, perspective projection, hidden line elimination and text generation. They also present a method for making of animation films showing the electric activity of the heart by using 80 three-dimensional potential maps recorded at different intervals over the entire cardiac cycle. PMID- 3220599 TI - Automatic sleep-wake scoring in the rat on microcomputer APPLE II. AB - An automatic scoring system in real time of sleep-wake behavior in the rat was elaborated on microcomputer APPLE II. Four electrophysiological recording channels were used to distinguish seven behavioral states. Because the rat shows behavioral stages which are short-lasting, the analysis is performed second by second. It is based on the detection of the signal energy in specific frequency bands. The percentage of time passed in each stage is computed every 15 min, 1 h, 6 h and 24 h, the analysis extending during several days without interruption. The data are also printed out in a listing in real time and histograms in batch mode. Because of the interindividual differences, a calibration is needed. It is performed with a program in batch mode which allows an adjustment of parameters of determination from given specific digitized sequence in each rat. The accuracy of the automatic method was tested by the C contingency test, the theoretical maximal level being at 0.93: the intra- and inter-researchers contingency was 0.89, that between researchers and the computer was 0.85. PMID- 3220600 TI - Identification and rejection of outliers in enzyme kinetics. AB - A program (AICOUT) for the correct choice of the experimental value and weight for replicate enzyme kinetic determinations is given. It is based on the method of identification of outliers proposed by Kitagawa (Technometrics, 21 (1979) 193 199). The program is written in BASIC and FORTRAN77. The FORTRAN77 version of AICOUT program coupled to a FORTRAN77 version of the non-linear regression program previously published by Canela (Int J Biomed Comput, 15 (1984) 121-130) is given. This joint program leads to an improvement of precision and confidence in the estimated parameters when the suitable strategy is used. This strategy is as follows: (i) the experimental points are selected, (ii) several replicates of each point are performed, (iii) data are analyzed and outliers are rejected, (iv) normal or biweighted regression is carried out. PMID- 3220601 TI - Determination of cardiac output by single gated pulsed Doppler echocardiography. AB - The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of single gated pulsed Doppler cross sectional echocardiography for measurement of the cardiac output. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to assess both area and blood velocity at the aortic orifice. Stroke volume estimates were determined by multiplying area by systolic time velocity integral as measured from the parasternal and apical approach, respectively. We investigated a group of 17 healthy individuals and a group of 20 patients with coronary artery disease. In the first group no change was found in aortic area during systole (P less than 0.01). During a follow-up of two weeks no change in aortic area was observed either (P less than 0.01). Intraobserver, interobserver and day-to-day variability of the aortic area, expressed as the coefficient of variation was 3.6 +- 5.2%, 4.6 +- 5.7% and 7.8 +- 3.8% (mean +- 1 SD), respectively. The interobserver variability of the time velocity integrals was 6.0 +- 6.2%. In the second group the cardiac output as measured with the thermodilution method ranged from 3.8 to 8.0 l/min. Comparison of the Doppler and thermodilution technique for measurement of cardiac output showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.76 (P less than 0.001) and the following regression equation: CO (Doppler) = 1.0 x CO (thermodilution)-700 ml. The Doppler method underestimated cardiac output relative to the thermodilution method. PMID- 3220602 TI - Immunological abnormalities in children with acute rheumatic carditis and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - Immunological functions were investigated in 10 children with acute rheumatic fever and 11 children with acute nephritis to try and elucidate the cause of heart damage in acute rheumatic fever. Children with acute rheumatic fever and carditis showed an increase in serum IgG, IgA and antistreptococcal antibodies during the acute stage. Lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohaemagglutinin and streptococcal antigens were reduced but this was due to a serum suppressor effect. After recovering from acute rheumatic fever a lymphocytosis and an increased lymphocyte blastogenic response to streptococcal antigen were found. T-cells, T-helper cells and T-suppressor cells showed some changes in acute rheumatic fever but these were not statistically significant in our study. None of the changes in immunological responses that were seen in acute rheumatic fever were found in acute nephritis. These results support the hypothesis that an abnormal immune response to streptococcal products is involved in the development of carditis and the other phenomena observed in acute rheumatic fever. PMID- 3220603 TI - Hypersensitivity vasculitis complicating intravenous streptokinase therapy in acute myocardial infarction. AB - A 52-year-old man developed a hypersensitivity vasculitic rash on his legs nine days after receiving intravenous streptokinase therapy for acute myocardial infarction. The histological and immunological features and the differential diagnosis of this unusual complication of streptokinase therapy are reviewed. PMID- 3220604 TI - Combined apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and acute myocardial infarction with coronary stenosis. AB - We report a case of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with acute myocardial infarction with significant coronary stenosis. The present case demonstrates that coronary artery stenosis can occur in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3220605 TI - Effect of intermittent venous occlusion on transcutaneous oxygen tension in lower limbs with severe arterial occlusive disease. AB - We evaluated the ability of intermittent venous occlusion to improve cutaneous circulation in patients with severe peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Fourteen patients with ischemic lower extremities had a pneumatic cuff placed around the thigh of an ischemic limb; intermittent inflation of this cuff produced a significant increase in the transcutaneous oxygen tension of the foot, suggesting that cutaneous blood flow had been improved. PMID- 3220606 TI - Pulmonary arterial aneurysms in Marfan's syndrome. AB - We report the case of a 23-year-old man with Marfan's syndrome and saccular aneurysms of the pulmonary arteries. The importance and possible complications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 3220608 TI - Pulmonary resistance during cold provocation in 8 patients with vasospastic angina. PMID- 3220607 TI - Renal effects of calcium channel blockers in vivo. AB - Daily output of urine was measured in three groups of five rabbits each, before and during seven days of oral therapy with nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem. All the drugs caused significant (P less than 0.001) increases in mean daily output. All the drugs decreased levels of serum sodium but serum potassium levels were lowered only by diltiazem. Inhibition of tubular transport appears to be the important mechanism. PMID- 3220610 TI - Influence of food on steady state serum concentrations of theophylline from two controlled-release preparations. AB - The influence of food on the bioavailability of the controlled-release theophylline preparations Theostat and Theolair was studied in 12 healthy subjects after multiple dosing (b.i.d. for 6 days). On the morning of days 5 and 6, the volunteers took these products once after overnight fasting and once after a high-fat breakfast. For Theostat, serum theophylline levels and pharmacokinetic parameters were not affected by the intake of breakfast. For Theolair, serum theophylline concentrations were markedly lower after breakfast, with a significant decrease of Cmax and AUC. This study confirms the necessity of studying the influence of food on the bioavailability of theophylline controlled release preparations. PMID- 3220609 TI - Pancuronium-phenytoin interaction: a case of decreased duration of neuromuscular blockade. AB - A 33-year-old female presented for elective excision of a posterior fossa tumour following two generalized seizures six months earlier. The patient had been asymptomatic on phenytoin 300 mg/day. Two h pre-operatively, a 300-mg dose of phenytoin was administered, general anesthesia induced and pancuronium bromide given to achieve neuro-muscular paralysis. Respiration was supported and anesthesia maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Thirty min into the operation a further 2-mg dose of pancuronium bromide was administered. One h later, the patient coughed. A peripheral nerve stimulator was applied to the right common peroneal nerve with surface electrodes. Over the next 75 min a total of 15 mg of pancuronium bromide was required. With each dose there was a complete loss of response to peripheral nerve stimulation, followed by a rapid return of full train-of-four response, accompanied by coughing and cerebral engorgement. At this point, metocurine iodide was administered with full sustained paralysis for 45 min. Blood samples collected during a second operation indicated the patient had an extremely short pancuronium elimination half-life and a small volume of distribution. Several explanations are offered including phenytoin induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of pancuronium, alterations in tissue or protein binding and/or alterations in myoneuronal junctional response. PMID- 3220611 TI - Single dose pharmacokinetics of aminoglutethimide by a rapid SIM methodology. AB - The kinetics of unchanged aminoglutethimide and of its major metabolite N acetylaminoglutethimide were investigated in healthy volunteers with a new multiple selected ion monitoring (SIM) technique. This method allows a rapid detection of both the unchanged drug and of its metabolite with a single injection and after minimal handling of the samples. This rapid method provided similar kinetic findings, compared to those described with the more time consuming high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure. Moreover, the SIM method allowed the detection of the N-acetylamino metabolite in plasma at longer time intervals vs. the HPLC method. Some typical features of the kinetic behavior (e.g., a discontinuity in the plasma die-away curve for both unchanged drug and metabolite), attributable to partial liver extraction, could also be more clearly observed with the new procedure. This new, rapid technique confirms that aminoglutethimide and N-acetylaminoglutethimide have very similar plasma die away curves in subjects with a normal conjugating capacity, and that kinetic patterns or individual blood levels can be readily obtained by SIM with minimal acquisition of supplementary equipment. PMID- 3220612 TI - Pharmacodynamics of salbutamol in humans. AB - Twenty patients with mild chronic bronchial asthma (females and males between 45 69 years old) treated with single dose of 0.5 mg at 1 ml of salbutamol were investigated. Measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and plasma concentration or glucose, potassium and non-esterified fatty acids-NEFA, and salbutamol plasma levels were recorded at the same time before and 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 360 min after salbutamol injection. Decrease in heart rate, blood systolic pressure and metabolic changes correlated with the salbutamol plasma level. Increase in PEFR was elevated much longer. PMID- 3220613 TI - Lack of effect of cimetidine on the metabolism of quinidine: effect on renal clearance. AB - The disposition and urinary recovery of unchanged quinidine, (3S)-3 hydroxyquinidine, 2'-oxoquinidinone and quinidine-N-oxide was studied in 5 normal volunteers following a single oral dose of quinidine sulfate (400 mg) with and without cimetidine pre-treatment (1.2 g/day for 7 days). Total amounts of parent compound or metabolites excreted in the urine following cimetidine pre-treatment were not significantly different from that excreted during quinidine alone. Cimetidine reduced the mean apparent oral clearance of quinidine (+/- s.e.m.) by 33% from 23.7 +/- 2.5 to 15.9 +/- 1.7 l/h (p less than 0.05). This 33% decline in oral clearance paralleled the 33% decline in renal clearance of unchanged quinidine which decreased from 56.7 +/- 13.3 to 38.3 +/- 3.3 ml/min. The reduction in quinidine renal clearance associated with cimetidine pre-treatment, although failing to achieve statistical significance, partially accounted for the observed decrease in mean apparent oral clearance. This suggests that cimetidine may compete for renal tubular secretion of unchanged quinidine and its metabolites rather than alter the oxidative metabolism of quinidine. PMID- 3220614 TI - Effect of diphenhydramine on subjective sleep parameters and on motor activity during bedtime. AB - The effect of a single oral dose of diphenhydramine (Benocten) (50 mg or 75 mg) on subjective sleep parameters and motor activity during bedtime was investigated in 10 young, healthy adults. A placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover design was used. Although the self-ratings of sleep latency were consistent with a mild hypnotic action of the drug, none of the subjective sleep parameters differed significantly from placebo. Motor activity tended to be increased in the drug nights. Diphenhydramine caused neither an impairment of psychomotor performance in the morning, nor a rebound insomnia in the following night. PMID- 3220615 TI - N-acetylator phenotypes in hyperthyroidism. AB - Acetylator phenotypes were determined with sulfamethazine in 114 healthy volunteers, 87 patients with immunogenic hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) and 38 patients with disseminated thyroid autonomies. About 90% of the patients were females. No significant differences of acetylator phenotypes were observed between female volunteers and hyperthyreotic patients younger than 50 years. The proportion of slow acetylators was higher in older patients. Early and late relapses did not depend on acetylator status. PMID- 3220616 TI - The effect of guaiphenesin on absorption and bioavailability of paracetamol from composite analgesic preparations. AB - Using a one compartment pharmacokinetic model with constant rate of availability for absorption, the disposition of paracetamol was compared after administration of Paralen (paracetamol 500 mg in one tablet) with data obtained after administration of two composite analgesic preparations: Guajanal (paracetamol 500 mg, guaiphenesin 200 mg) and Ataralgin (paracetamol 500 mg, guaiphenesin 130 mg, caffeine 70 mg). The combination of paracetamol with guaiphenesin significantly increased the rate of paracetamol absorption availability, most probably by accelerating its transfer from the stomach to the small intestine. The combination with guaiphenesin and caffeine slightly reduced the rate of paracetamol absorption availability but the difference was not statistically significant. The relative bioavailability of paracetamol from the composite analgesic preparations, however, did not show a statistically significant difference as compared to the preparation where paracetamol was present as a single component. PMID- 3220617 TI - Single dose kinetics of rifampicin and isoniazid in well-nourished and malnourished patients of tuberculosis. AB - A single dose kinetics of isoniazid and rifampicin alone, and combination was studied in well-nourished and malnourished patients of tuberculosis. The elimination half-life of isoniazid was significantly increased when administered in combination with rifampicin in well-nourished and malnourished patients, while no significant difference was observed in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters of rifampicin in combination with isoniazid or alone in both groups of patients. Results are discussed on the basis of pharmacokinetic drug interaction. PMID- 3220618 TI - Management of chronic osteomyelitis using an irrigation suction technique. AB - Fifty cases of chronic osteomyelitis were treated by closed, continuous, suction and irrigation and followed up for between six months and eight years. In group A, 25 cases were treated by irrigation with antibiotics, and in group B, 25 cases were treated by irrigation with Bitadine solution, irrespective of the culture and sensitivity reports. Appropriate antibiotics were given systemically. There was no notable difference in the results in the two groups, with an overall success rate of about 80%. PMID- 3220619 TI - Entrapment of the distal suprascapular nerve. An anatomical study. AB - Twenty-five shoulders were dissected in cadavers in order to observe the presence of the inferior transverse ligament, the spinoglenoid ligament, and its relationship to the spinoglenoid notch and the suprascapular nerve. The ligament was found to be absent in 50% of females and rudimentary in one female, but absent in only 13% of the male shoulders. The distance between the ligament and the bone, and from the ligament to the nerve was similar in males and females, but the variation was greater in males. These findings may explain the observation that distal suprascapular nerve entrapment occurs mostly in men. PMID- 3220620 TI - Arthroscopy in the diagnosis of acute injuries to the knee joint. AB - This study evaluates the role of arthroscopy in the diagnosis of acute injuries to the knee. One hundred and fifty four patients with a suspected ligament injury or effusion of the knee joint underwent arthroscopy. A haemarthrosis was present in 82% and a bloodless effusion in 10%. Meniscal tears were found in 19% of the knees. Fresh ligament ruptures were present in 71% and an associated haemarthrosis in 95% of these; 65% were partial tears. The commonest isolated lesion was a complete or partial tear of the anterior cruciate, which occurred in 15% of cases. More than one ligament injury occurred in 56%, the commonest combination being tears of the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments. In a high percentage of cases, arthroscopy revealed unsuspected injuries of significance in management. In 39%, an open or closed procedure followed arthroscopy. There were no complications from the diagnostic arthroscopy. We conclude that arthroscopy provides a more accurate diagnosis than clinical examination alone, and is especially valuable for assessing the patient with a haemarthrosis of the knee. PMID- 3220621 TI - A radiological scoring scale for evaluation of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after knee ligament injuries. AB - We have developed a radiological scoring scale for the evaluation of post traumatic osteoarthritic changes after a knee ligament injury. It is based on radiographs taken from the knee at the time of injury, and from both knees at the follow-up examination. Ten criteria were used to devise and list the scale. The method has been used on 60 patients operated on primarily after an acute knee ligament injury. The mean age of the patients when injured was 36.6 years, and they were re-examined at an average of three and a half years after the operation. The scale includes adjustments so that the final scores measure only the pathological changes caused by the ligament injury. Reproducibility of the scale is excellent and the scores correlate well with the clinical results. The registration form is simple, may be completed easily and revised when necessary. The numerical data are readily prepared for statistical and computer analyses. Ninety five per cent of all the changes caused by the ligament injuries fitted the scale, showing success in the selection of the variables. The scale is recommended as a method of improving the uniformity and reliability of the assessment of post-traumatic osteoarthritic changes after knee ligament injury. PMID- 3220622 TI - Osteoporosis and fracture patterns. A study of split-compression fractures of the lateral tibial condyle. AB - The initial radiographs of 42 split-compression fractures of the lateral tibial condyle were studied. The breadth of the wedge-shaped fragments, measured at the level of the articular surface, was found to decrease with increasing severity of osteoporosis. Ranks were assigned to the breadths and average ranks to the grades (low ranks for normals). Spearman's rank correlation co-efficient was -0.507, which is significant at the 1% level. The length of the fragments showed a similar decrease with advancing bone loss. Rank correlation with the degree of osteoporosis was -0.393, which is significant at the 5% level. These results support the hypothesis that the fracture pattern depends on the changes in bony architecture which results from osteoporosis. PMID- 3220623 TI - The alteration in the pattern of pulmonary metastasis with adjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. AB - Alterations in the pattern of pulmonary metastasis of patients with osteosarcoma treated with adjuvant chemotherapy were studied. Thirty two patients who were treated with both radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were observed (chemotherapy group). As a control, sixty two patients treated with radical surgery alone were also assessed (non-chemotherapy group). The chemotherapy group demonstrated a reduction in the number and a delay in the appearance of metastases. The tumour doubling time did not differ between the chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy groups. The initial site of metastasis among the chemotherapy group was most commonly in the lower lung field, whereas among the non chemotherapy group it was usually to the middle lung field. The chemotherapy group survived longer than the non-chemotherapy group after developing pulmonary metastases. Histological examination showed that the metastatic foci stimulated the primary sites. PMID- 3220624 TI - Experimental stress-induced changes in growing long bones. AB - Animal experiments were carried out to determine what changes result from the controlled overloading of a bone. Forty-four guinea-pigs were used and a partial resection of the right ulna was done so that subsequently the radius would be overloaded. Exercise was carried out daily on a treadmill. The animals were divided into four groups and were sacrificed at varying intervals from 15 to 60 days. Morphometric studies indicated that there was an immediate stress-induced growth in thickness of the diaphysis, which also occurred in the metaphysis after some delay. Calculations were made to determine the stress-induced changes in the bone. The results showed that the geometry of the metaphysis and diaphysis was able to accommodate to sudden pressure, bending and torsional stresses. Autoradiography did not demonstrate increased mitoses in the overloaded bone, but the density of osteocytes was reduced compared to normal. This, with a simultaneous increase in bone weight, indicates that there is an increased production of intercellular substance by the existing osteocytes which give rise to hypertrophy. PMID- 3220628 TI - Topical camptothecine in treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 3220627 TI - The shock-absorbing effect of soles and insoles. AB - The capacity of heel inserts of different plastic and rubber materials to attenuate heel-strike forces was analysed. The heel-strike response was recorded by accelerometers fastened on to the skin. Thirteen rheumatoid patients with a knee arthroplasty and five healthy controls were tested. Inlay material of 6 mm thickness did not significantly reduce the tibial deceleration produced by heel strike. However, shoes with heels of polyurethane plastic of 20 mm thickness significantly lowered the amplitude of the tibial response compared with rubber heeled shoes. The possible implications of this for patients with degenerative joint diseases or with joint implants is discussed. PMID- 3220625 TI - Investigation of ischaemic necrosis of the femoral head with trace elements. AB - This preliminary report examines the possible disturbances in mineral and trace element metabolism in idiopathic ischaemic necrosis of the femoral head. Bony specimens from 45 femoral heads removed from patients with this condition were compared with 62 osteoarthritic and 10 normal femoral heads. Blood analysis was also carried out in the first two groups of patients, who were having joint replacement operations. The normal specimens were obtained at postmortem. Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Copper, Manganese and Zinc were analysed in blood and bone by atom absorption spectrophotometry, and Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel and Lead by ICP emission spectroscopy. In ischaemic necrosis Magnesium and Copper are especially decreased, but the toxic trace elements Cadmium, Nickel, Lead and Chromium are found in a significantly higher concentration in the femoral head. It is submitted that these findings indicate the need for further investigation. PMID- 3220626 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in spinal disorders. AB - The value of M.R.I. in diagnosing spinal disorders has been tested in a series of 100 patients. C.T., myelography, discography and the operative findings are compared with the M.R.I. findings. The results indicate that M.R.I. is a valuable diagnostic investigation. PMID- 3220629 TI - Pilomatricoma (Malherbe). A clinical and histopathologic survey of 78 cases. AB - Seventy-eight cases of pilomatricoma are reported. The unexpected findings are new lesions occurring in middle and old age; the lack of association with other diseases; and the large number of lesions located deep in the skin. As contemporary knowledge of the nature of this disorder is advancing, it is suggested that the eponymous title be abandoned. PMID- 3220630 TI - Deep mycoses in Amazon region. AB - Patients with deep mycoses diagnosed in dermatologic clinics of Manaus (state of Amazonas, Brazil) were studied from November 1973 to December 1983. They came from the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Para, Acre, and Rondonia and the Federal Territory of Roraima. All of these regions, with the exception of Para, are situated in the western part of the Amazon Basin. The climatic conditions in this region are almost the same: tropical forest, high rainfall, and mean annual temperature of 26C. The deep mycoses diagnosed, in order of frequency, were Jorge Lobo's disease, paracoccidioidomycosis, chromomycosis, sporotrichosis, mycetoma, cryptococcosis, zygomycosis, and histoplasmosis. PMID- 3220631 TI - Self-limiting acrodermatitis enteropathica. A follow-up study of three interrelated families. AB - A variant of acrodermatitis enteropathica is described that has its onset before weaning and clears when the child starts its normal solid diet. A pedigree with three interrelated families is reported where 10 children were afflicted with this variant. They had symptoms of hypozincemia for a brief period during infancy. At the time of this study, they were symptom-free and their serum zinc levels were found to be within normal limits. The term "self-limiting acrodermatitis enteropathica" is proposed for the variant. In one lactating mother, the mammary zinc secretion was determined and was found to be deficient and unresponsive to oral zinc supplements. The possible mode of inheritance is also discussed. PMID- 3220632 TI - Dermatology in Malawi. PMID- 3220633 TI - Bazex syndrome with unusual clinical manifestations. PMID- 3220634 TI - Acute disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis. Septic shock. PMID- 3220635 TI - Localized cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis in an intravenous drug abuser. PMID- 3220636 TI - Buschke-Lowenstein tumor of penis. PMID- 3220637 TI - Treatment of crusted scabies. PMID- 3220638 TI - Folliculitis caused by Candida parapsilosis. PMID- 3220639 TI - Eccrine syringofibroadenoma. PMID- 3220640 TI - Lupus vulgaris following BCG vaccination. PMID- 3220641 TI - Mohs' micrographic surgery adapted to the limited resources of developing countries. PMID- 3220642 TI - Pityriasis rosea. PMID- 3220643 TI - A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the D-[13C6]glucose metabolism of Mesocestoides corti tetrathyridia in the absence and presence of monensin. PMID- 3220644 TI - The response of young Romney lambs to immunization with Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae. PMID- 3220645 TI - Patterns of caudal papillae in Contracaecum osculatum (Nematoda) and some related species from different regions of the world. PMID- 3220646 TI - Fasciola hepatica: morphological changes in vitelline cells following treatment in vitro with the deacetylated (amine) metabolite of diamphenethide (DAMD). PMID- 3220647 TI - Infection with Haemonchus contortus in sheep and the role of adaptive immunity in selection of the parasite. PMID- 3220648 TI - Genetic control of eosinophilia in parasitic infections: responses of mouse strains to treatment with cyclophosphamide and parasite antigen. PMID- 3220649 TI - Aspects of the life history of Cercopithifilaria johnstoni (Nematoda:Filarioidea). PMID- 3220650 TI - Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese): changes of the tegument surface in cercariae, schistosomula and juvenile parasites during development. PMID- 3220652 TI - Resistance of young lambs to Haemonchus contortus infection, and its loss following anthelmintic treatment. PMID- 3220651 TI - Absence of pre-natal or milk-borne infection of kids with the lungworm Muellerius capillaris. PMID- 3220654 TI - Homosexual male pairing in Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 3220655 TI - Synthesis of 17O isotope labeled Leu-enkephalin and 17O n.m.r. AB - Oxygen-17 isotope was introduced into the alpha-carboxyl group of glycine, 1 phenylalanine, 1-leucine and 1-tyrosine by acid catalyzed exchange of 17O from H2O(17) or by acid hydrolysis of respective amino acid methyl esters in H2O(17). Quantitative enrichment of glycine was achieved by acid hydrolysis of amino acetonitrile in H2O(17). For alpha-amino protection in amino acids t butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group was employed for 17O labeled enkephalin synthesis. Five analogues of Leu-enkephalins (I-V) labeled with 17O at different amino acid residues were synthesized by solid phase method. 17O n.m.r. spectra were measured at 24.4 and 67.8 MHz for Leu-enkephalins 17O labeled at Gly2 and Phe4 positions. A downfield shift was observed for 17O labeled Gly2 Leu-enkephalin upon heating. This shift is indicative of the rupture of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The preliminary results confirm the hypothesis that an intramolecular hydrogen bond exists between the carbonyl group of Gly2 and NH group of Leu5. PMID- 3220653 TI - Morphological variation of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces from hydatid cysts of human and various domestic animals in Jordan. PMID- 3220656 TI - Chymotrypsin-catalyzed peptide synthesis. Kinetic analysis of the kinetically controlled peptide-bond formation. AB - The kinetics of peptide-bond formation catalyzed by delta-chymotrypsin has been studied for a number of peptide products of different length using fixed concentrations of the acyl component (Ac-Phe-OMe, Ac-Ala-Ala-Phe-OMe, or Ac-Ala Ala-Tyr-OMe) and varying concentration of the amino component (H-Ala-NH2 or H-Ala Ala-NH2). The time course of the reactions was followed by monitoring ester consumption and peptide product formation by analytical HPLC. On the basis of a plausible four-centre mechanistic model, the theoretical time course of these reactions was calculated using rate and equilibrium constants determined by separate kinetic experiments. The excellent agreement observed between the theoretical and the experimental time courses supports the proposed mechanism and provides evidence for the validity of the present kinetic approach. By focusing attention on the rate constants which are critical for efficient synthesis, this mechanistic information constitutes a valuable basis for the use of the enzymatic peptide synthesis in preparative applications. PMID- 3220657 TI - Synthetic amatoxin analogues. II. A proton n.m.r. study of S-deoxo-Ile3-(L)Ala5 and S-deoxo-Ile3-(D)Ala5-amaninamide. AB - Amatoxin analogues with D and L-Ala substitutions in position 5 have been studied by means of 1- and 2-dimensional n.m.r. spectroscopy at 500 MHz. The assignment of all resonances for both analogues has been carried out mostly with the use of COSY and NOESY type experiments. Temperature coefficients for the amide NH protons have been measured and the data compared to known amatoxin structures. The results obtained demonstrate that the rigidity of the bicyclic amatoxin framework is preserved in the D and L-Ala5 analogues, although the temperature coefficients point to intramolecular hydrogen bonds stronger in the case of the L Ala analogue. The 10-fold decrease of biological activity is discussed in terms of structural features involving also the Trp4 indole accessibility. PMID- 3220658 TI - N.m.r. analyses of the histidine microenvironments in a human salivary proline rich glycoprotein. AB - The pKa's of the three histidine residues in a proline-rich glycoprotein from human parotid saliva (PRG) were determined by 360 MHz proton n.m.r. spectroscopy. The addition of calcium (0.64 mM) caused drops in the pKa's of all three histidines by approximately 0.25 units. When imidazole and cyclo)L-histidine-L proline) were used as model compounds, corresponding concentrations of calcium had no effect on their pKa's. Also, the model compounds gave absolute pKa values in good agreement with similar chemical species reported in the literature. Exchange lifetime data and previously reported hydrogen----deuterium exchange experiments suggest that the PRG histidine N tau H protons are not involved in hydrogen-bonds. Collectively, these data imply that changes in PRG conformation occur upon the addition of calcium. PMID- 3220659 TI - N.m.r. and computer-simulated conformational analyses of a nonapeptide found in a human salivary proline-rich glycoprotein. AB - The amino acid sequence G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-H(5)-P(6)-G(7)-K(8)-P(9) occurs twice in the proline-rich glycoprotein (PRG) found in human parotid saliva. As part of our efforts to elucidate the structure-function relationships of PRG, this nonapeptide sequence (PRG9) was synthesized for the purpose of conformational analyses by high-resolution proton n.m.r. spectroscopy and computer-modeling. The empirical n.m.r. spectrum differed from the simulated spectrum in that the overall chemical shift locations were displaced from their random coil positions and the five proline residues had non-degenerate C alpha H alpha protons. Other n.m.r. data indicated that no intramolecular hydrogen-bonding was present in the PRG. In conjunction with X-ray crystallographic data on a triproline-containing model compound (Kartha, g., Ashida, T. & Kakudo, M. (1974) Acta Cryst. B30, 1861 1866), four energy-minimized PRG9 structures were obtained. Two of the structures were energetically unfavorable, while the other two conformations were reasonable. The two most likely structures gave all prolines an S-type ring pucker, the P(2)-P(3)-P(4) sequence as a poly-L-proline II helix, the H(5) phi = 90.3 degrees, P(6) and P(9) with trans peptide bond orientation, G(7) in an extended state, and the K(8) phi = -93.2 degrees or -146.8 degrees for structures #1 and #2, respectively. PMID- 3220661 TI - Chemical modification of superoxide dismutase. Extension of plasma half life of the enzyme through its reversible binding to the circulating albumin. AB - Protection of organisms from oxidative stress is one of the major prerequisites for aerobic life. Since intravenously injected Cu++/Zn++-type superoxide dismutase (SOD) rapidly undergoes renal glomerular filtration and appears in urine in its intact form, its clinical use as a scavenger for superoxide radicals has been highly limited. To test whether reversible interaction of SOD with plasma albumin might decrease the rate of disappearance of the enzyme from the circulation, the lysyl residues of the human erythrocyte-type enzyme were covalently linked with poly-(styrene-co-maleic acid) butyl ester (SMA) via amide linkage. Affinity chromatographic analysis by an albumin-Sepharose column revealed that the enzyme samples labeled with SMA (SMA-SOD) tightly bound to the column, while unmodified SOD was eluted in the unbound fractions. SMA-SOD bound to the column could be eluted by the buffer solution containing 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate. In vivo analysis revealed that intravenously administered SMA-SOD circulated bound to albumin with an extremely long half-life (6 h), while unmodified SOD rapidly underwent renal glomerular filtration with a plasma half life of 4 min. Thus, SMA-SOD may effectively dismutase superoxide radicals in the circulation. PMID- 3220660 TI - Solid phase synthesis and characterization of two canine gut gastrin-releasing peptides. AB - Two canine gastrin-releasing peptides originally isolated from gut tissue extracts have been synthesized by solid phase methodology and purified by preparative reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The synthetic gastrin-releasing peptides GRP1-27 and GRP 5-27 were characterized with regard to homogeneity and composition using nine different RP-HPLC systems, mass spectroscopy, amino acid analysis, Edman degradation, methionine oxidation, and peptide mapping with tryptic, Staph. aureus V8 protease and cyanogen bromide cleavage (the latter two systems performed only with GRP 1-27). Although a scarcity of the natural products prevented quantitative biological comparison of the synthetic and natural peptides, they were found to elute identically on RP HPLC co-chromatography and similar dose dependent biological potencies were observed in canine antral muscle tissue contraction experiments. Indeed, all the peptides containing the bombesin-like carboxyl terminal decapeptide sequence studied to date have similar biological activities. PMID- 3220662 TI - Conformational modification of the PRP-hexapeptide by a direct covalent attachment of aromatic side chain groups. AB - PRP-hexapeptide possessing the azo-bridge between Tyr1 and Phe5 residues, called azo-PRP-hexapeptide: (formula; see text), was synthesized and tested for immunoregulatory activity. High biological activity of the synthesized azo-PRP hexapeptide suggests that the biologically active conformation of PRP-hexapeptide must be such that both aromatic rings (Tyr and Phe) are apparently close to each other. PMID- 3220663 TI - Nomenclature of chlamydia. PMID- 3220665 TI - The prevention of blindness from trachoma. PMID- 3220664 TI - The microbial epidemiology of trachoma. AB - Detailed longitudinal studies of the microbiology of endemic trachoma in field situations have provided useful information concerning the epidemiology of this blinding disease. This knowledge should be of particular value for the further development of diagnostic techniques, and for the design of future trachoma control programs. PMID- 3220666 TI - Tear function in relation to the World Health Organization classification of cicatrization in trachoma. AB - In 102 patients equally divided into three groups with mild, moderate, and severe cicatricial trachoma, corresponding to the WHO numerical scoring of 1962, the tear function parameters (tear fluid lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations), the rose bengal score, the Schirmer test, and the break-up time were studied. All parameters showed a statistically significant difference in tear function among the three groups. There was no statistically significant difference in measurements of tear function in subdivisions of the three groups. PMID- 3220667 TI - Goblet cell population among patients with inactive trachoma. AB - Trachoma is a chlamydial disease that affects millions of people each year, particularly in developing countries. In the chronic phase, inflammation causes scarring of the conjunctiva followed by dry eye which can result in blindness. Trachoma may cause dryness of the eye by decreasing mucus production and aqueous secretions. Conjunctival impression cytology was carried out to determine the goblet cell population among patients with trachoma. We performed impression cytology on 32 patients with inactive trachoma and 31 age and sex matched controls. Impression cytology showed that the nasal conjunctiva contains the greatest number of goblet cells. Trachoma patients with severe scarring had significantly less goblet cell counts than those with mild scarring (p less than 0.05). In the group of ten patients with severe trachoma and keratinization, there was marked reduction or absence of goblet cells. Trachoma appears to initiate a viscious cycle of conjunctival scarring, mucus deficiency, and chronic conjunctival inflammation. PMID- 3220669 TI - Trachoma: an overview. PMID- 3220668 TI - Vernal keratoconjunctivitis and trachoma. AB - Both vernal keratoconjunctivitis and trachoma affect young people, occur in hot, dry climates, and have a predilection for the limbus and upper tarsal conjunctiva. These two conditions may occur simultaneously and present the ophthalmologist with a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. PMID- 3220670 TI - Incidence and clinical presentation of chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis: a preliminary study. AB - Using a direct immunofluorescent technique and monoclonal antibody, chlamydia trachomatis was detected in the conjunctival smears of 13 out of 47 patients presenting with conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis (an incidence of 28%). Two patients presented with acute symptoms of few days duration, whereas the condition was chronic and of long duration in 11 patients. Conjunctival changes noted were upper and lower palpebral conjunctival follicles and papillae (11 patients), chemosis (5 patients), upper tarsal scar (2 patients) and pseudomembrane (one patient). Corneal involvement was detected in 9 patients and was manifested as micropannus (6 patients), multiple small epithelial punctate stains (3 patients), extensive pannus affecting the upper third of the cornea (2 patients), subepithelial punctate infiltrates similar to that of adenovirus infection (2 patients) and upper limbal follicles (one patient). Identification of chlamydia trachomatis in conjunctival smears by use of the monoclonal antibody is a simple, rapid and reliable laboratory procedure. PMID- 3220671 TI - Pneumoretinopexy in the treatment of retinal detachment with macular hole. AB - Nine eyes of nine patients affected by retinal detachment with macular hole were treated with pneumoretinopexy and postoperative positioning. All the eyes were myopic (mean 13.3 d., sd 3.3), two were amblyopic and one was aphakic. The operative technique included eye softening and intravitreal SF6 gas injection only. Barrage laser photocoagulation was carried out after retinal reattachment. In seven eyes (77.8%) the retina reattached in a mean of three days and the visual acuity improved. No recurrences were observed after a mean of 11.6 months. No severe complications occurred. Vitreous flare was present in 44% and increase of floaters in 55% of the eyes. We believe that pneumoretinopexy can be employed as the first treatment in case of myopic retinal detachment with macular hole. PMID- 3220672 TI - Argon laser trabeculoplasty in primary open-angle glaucoma--results in black Jamaican population. AB - A controlled, randomised, prospective trial of Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) was carried out on 48 eyes of 30 black Jamaican patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. All eyes had uncontrolled intra-ocular pressures (greater than or equal to 22 mm Hg) despite medical therapy. Treatment was successful in controlling intraocular pressure in 68% of eyes after 12 months follow-up (p = 0.004). The average drop in intraocular pressure attributable to ALT was 6.6 mmHg. Argon laser trabeculoplasty is an effective adjunct in managing to control intraocular pressure in black Jamaican glaucoma patients. PMID- 3220673 TI - Psychotic character versus borderline. AB - The clinical syndrome designated by the diagnostic term borderline, exists. However, the diagnosis borderline as such gives no clue about the clinical or psychodynamic feature in this syndrome. Furthermore, the use of the concept borderline by its very vagueness and diffuseness deprives us of a means of understanding these conditions clinically and dynamically. It thereby makes it more difficult to treat these patients with appropriate understanding. I therefore believe it should be abandoned. The diagnosis psychotic character has previously been proposed by the author for this syndrome. It relates more appropriately to the clinical and psychodynamic features and is more consonant with an understanding of the syndrome. The diagnosis suggests, among other frames of reference, the underlying psychotic process which typifies these patients. It provides frames of reference which facilitate understanding these conditions psychodynamically and genetically. Out of this understanding a more meaningful therapeutic approach may evolve. We therefore feel that the term and concept borderline should be abandoned. PMID- 3220674 TI - That which patients bring to analysis. AB - In this paper it is suggested that patients bring to analysis their damaged inner objects, and not only themselves, to undergo reparation because they are unable to do it. Stress is put on the very complex mechanisms used to keep damaged and dying inner objects alive whilst waiting for help to come. The contrast between concrete repair and psychic reparation appears to be very important and the defences necessitated by failed reparation efforts are described. Failed reparation manoeuvres must not be confused with resulting defences. Examples are given for various levels of personality organizations and pathology, including neurotic, borderline, psychotic, psychosomatic and hypochondriacal patients. A group of six neurotic patients is included. PMID- 3220675 TI - The personal myth as a defence against internal primitive aggression. AB - On the basis of clinical material, it is hypothesized that the personal myth is formed gradually, following a developmental process from early body sensations to screen sensations, to visual screen memories, to verbal thoughts and, finally, to the formation of the personal myth. This sequence corresponds to the successive development of mental processing in human thought. It is suggested that the personal myth, being a symbolic creation, may function in a manner similar to transitional objects, thereby facilitating the separation-individuation process. Also, it is proposed that the latent content of the personal myth pertains to traumatic experiences and conflictual wishes related to either or both the oedipal and the pre-oedipal phase of development. When pre-oedipal elements predominate, the individual's personality is characterized by more primitive self object representations, intense separation anxiety and a greater degree of unneutralized aggression. PMID- 3220676 TI - Narcissism and neurosis--an opportunity for integration in psychoanalytic theory and technique. AB - It has been fifteen years since Kohut's clinical discoveries irrupted into psychoanalytic thinking and aroused enthusiastic and favourable responses as well as massive rejection. The theoretical crystallization of the psychology of the self into a new psychoanalytic metapsychology has brought about an acute polarization in the psychoanalytic movement which might still lead to a serious rupture or, conversely, might bring about--as a counter-reaction to the revolutionary innovation--the abandonment of a whole sphere of the human psyche which has the means of enriching psychoanalysis both as a psychological theory and as a unique clinical method of treatment. This paper is an attempt to map out the gap between the 'traditional' and the Kohutian approaches as it is constituted in four major areas: the sources of human motivation; the sources of normal mental development and psychopathology; the status of the object in the life of the individual; and the goals of psychoanalytic therapy. In each sphere a theoretical conceptualization for the integration of the two approaches is suggested, and the application of this synthesis is presented in the clinical arena of the neurosis through specific therapeutic tools demonstrated by clinical material. PMID- 3220677 TI - Working through resistances of intrapsychic and environmental origin. AB - Freud's paper 'Remembering, repeating and working through' implies three phases: (1) remembering and reporting, (2) the analysis of what the patient cannot remember and must repeat in the transference, leading to insight, and (3) the analysis of those remaining resistances which block the insight from leading to change. Freud considered the third phase to be an arduous task for the patient, and a trial of patience for the analyst, probably because of two additional determinants: (1) the patient's 'will' to change, and (2) his re-adaptation to his environment. The present paper focuses on the second of these determinants in completing (i.e. working through) the analysis of resistances. A review of literature and the analysis of a patient are reported to indicate that the task of re-adaptation to environment is facilitated by focusing the interpretations not only on transference and reconstruction, but also on the determinants currently affecting the patient's relationships beyond transference. PMID- 3220678 TI - One psychoanalysis or many? PMID- 3220679 TI - A versatile video image analysis system for microcirculatory research. AB - A modular image analysis system is presented consisting of a personal computer equipped with a real time video digitizer, an interactive control unit and a graphic tablet. Together with the corresponding software modules this system can be used for a number of image processing procedures in microcirculatory research including image enhancement, measurement of morphological parameters and image brightness as well as determination of vessel diameter and blood flow velocity. PMID- 3220680 TI - The effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on microvascular blood flow in diabetes mellitus. AB - The effects of strict blood glucose control on total skin blood flow and capillary blood flow velocity in finger nailfold capillaries were assessed in nine diabetics. Measurements were made before (blood glucose: 11.2 +/- 0.8 mmol/l) and after nine days of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (blood glucose 6.2 +/- 0.8 mmol/l, p less than 0.001). Resting finger skin blood flow, measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, was 18.6 +/- 2.7 ml/100 ml tissue/min before and 12.6 +/- 2.7 ml/100 ml/min (ns) after CSII. Nailfold capillary red cell velocity, measured by television video microscopy, rose significantly from 0.36 +/- 0.09 mm/s before to 0.71 +/- 0.14 mm/s (p less than 0.01) after CSII. Venous oxygen tension, measured in samples of blood taken from an antecubital vein, tended to fall after CSII (from 6.1 +/- 0.4 kPa to 4.6 +/- 0.5 kPa/ns). No change was seen in whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity or red cell filtration rate during the study although heart rate fell from 81.3 +/- 2.0 to 75.2 +/- 1.7 beats/min (p less than 0.02). The results suggest that there is a redistribution of skin blood flow following improved diabetic control which favours the nutritive microcirculation. PMID- 3220681 TI - Transcutaneous pO2 measurements in Raynaud's phenomenon. Value and limitations. AB - To determine whether measurements of transcutaneous pO2 (TcPO2) by Tacomette (Novametrix Medical Systems Inc., Connecticut, U.S.A.) could be a valuable method to evaluate nutritive skin perfusion, baseline TcPO2 was measured under standardized conditions in normals and in patients with several types of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). The control group (n = 41; TcPO2 = 34.4 +/- 14.3 mm Hg) and the patients with primary RP (n = 81; TcPO2 = 25.0 +/- 9.7 mmm Hg) had a significantly higher baseline TcPO2 (p less than 0.05) in comparison to the secondary RP-patients with a connective tissue disease (n = 54; TcPO2 = 10.5 +/- 7.9 mm Hg). In RP patients the group with trophic skin lesions showed a significant lower TcPO2 (p less than 0.01). The reproducibility expressed as the standard error of a single observation was moderate (13-27%). After 20 minutes acclimatization it took 32 minutes before a stable baseline value was reached which makes the procedure a lengthy one. Its non-invasive nature is severely hampered by the skin injuries observed in 3 patients, while the abolition of vascular tone induced by the heating makes the interpretation of intervention studies difficult. In conclusion baseline TcPO2 measurements were found lower in patients with disturbances of nutritional skin blood flow. However, because of the overlap of values between groups the discriminative value of this method is limited. Comparative studies with other techniques that determine capillary perfusion like the 133Xenon wash out technique and dynamic capillary microscopy are necessary to validate this technique as a reliable alternative. PMID- 3220683 TI - Abstracts presented at the scientific meeting of the British Microcirculation Society. Manchester/U.K., April 7-8, 1988. PMID- 3220682 TI - Biological zero in laser Doppler fluxmetry. PMID- 3220684 TI - Physicians' responsibility toward dying patients. PMID- 3220685 TI - Caring for the dying patient. PMID- 3220686 TI - Spiritual aid for dying patients. PMID- 3220688 TI - Dr. Xz, the placebo. PMID- 3220687 TI - Well elderly clinic. PMID- 3220689 TI - More on retirement plans. PMID- 3220690 TI - Enhanced services for pregnant women. PMID- 3220691 TI - Cognitive impairment in the elderly. PMID- 3220692 TI - An approach to selective conservative management of liver injuries. PMID- 3220693 TI - Sleep apnoea: a two-year experience. PMID- 3220694 TI - Reducing mortality from breast cancer. PMID- 3220695 TI - Can we improve on the diagnostic accuracy of chest pain in accident and emergency departments? PMID- 3220696 TI - Cerebral palsy: changing patterns of birthweight and gestational age (1976/81). PMID- 3220697 TI - Child sexual abuse: Cleveland--Irish implications. PMID- 3220698 TI - Alcohol and acute hospital admissions. PMID- 3220700 TI - The 'Reflotron' for cholesterol and triglyceride measurements in the surgery. PMID- 3220699 TI - An audit of measles immunisation in a semi-rural practice. PMID- 3220701 TI - Problems with pancuronium in the neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 3220702 TI - Strokes in young adults. PMID- 3220703 TI - Transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy and early childhood. PMID- 3220704 TI - Memorandum on brain death (1988). Irish Working Party on Brain Death. PMID- 3220705 TI - Quality assurance in radiotherapy. PMID- 3220706 TI - National tuberculosis survey (1986). PMID- 3220707 TI - Basic sciences and clinical neurology: a firsthand experience. PMID- 3220708 TI - Beneficial effect of botulinum A toxin in blepharospasm: 16 months' experience with 16 cases. AB - After introducing the problem of blepharospasm, we report our experience on treatment with purified botulinum A toxin in 16 cases of blepharospasm, symptomatic in two and essential in 14, than had not responded to drugs. The changes in intensity and frequency of spasm after treatment were evaluated on a clinical scale and by review of videotapes. The beneficial effect appeared within a week in most patients, lasting from 6 to 28 weeks (mean 13), and reached the maximum at the third-seventh week. Mild spasms and female patients responded better. Repeated injections were followed by better response to the drug. Complications, exclusively local, were represented by transient corneal exposure, ptosis, lacrimation or diplopia. PMID- 3220709 TI - Frequency of blood-retina and blood-brain barrier changes in multiple sclerosis. AB - The frequency of blood-retina barrier (BRB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations was studied in 20 cases of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (12 relapsing and 8 chronic-progressive). BBB impairment was found in 7 out of 20 patients (35%), 3 of whom had the chronic-progressive form of the disease. Alterations to BRB were found in 9 out 20 cases (45%): 2 out 12 (17%) of the relapsing cases and 7 out 8 of the chronic-progressive cases (87.5%). BBB impairment was found in 3 of the 9 cases (33%) with BRB alterations. Our findings indicate that BRB and BBB alterations do not occur simultaneously. We propose that the higher frequency of BRB alterations in chronic-progressive MS may be a sign of persistent antigenic stimulation. PMID- 3220710 TI - Influences of dopaminergic systems on the blink reflex. AB - The effect of the anti-dopaminergic drug haloperidol (6 mg/day i.m. for 2 days) on the blink reflex elicited by electric stimulation of supraorbital nerves was investigated in 12 adult volunteers. A significant increase in amplitude of the early component (R1) of the reflex was observed. This increase disappeared within 5 days of stopping the drug. Possible neural systems which might be involved in these effects are considered. PMID- 3220711 TI - Recurrent familial neuropathy due to liability to pressure palsies. AB - Two families with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) were evaluated clinically, electrophysiologically and pathologically (2 index cases). Familial patterns suggest autosomal dominant inheritance. The clinical presentation is characteristic, with recurrent painless transitory mononeuropathy, without evident triggering factors, or caused by trivial trauma or pressure. In affected members neurophysiological studies showed diffuse slowing in nerve conduction, more evident at common sites of entrapment. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) showed bilateral peripheral abnormalities with proximal nerve involvement more pronounced in older patients. 40 to 75% of teased fibers displayed sausage-shaped swellings. Ultrastructurally some sausages showed redundant myelin loops and excessive number of myelin lamellae that seem to cause axonal constriction. PMID- 3220712 TI - Alteration of the collagen type III/type I ratio and intracranial saccular aneurysms in GH-secreting hypophyseal adenomas. AB - In reporting a case of GH-secreting hypophyseal adenoma associated with a carotid ophthalmic aneurysm we discuss the possible relevance of an alteration of the type III to type I ratio in arterial wall collagen to the formation of intracranial aneurysms, known to be multifactorial in mechanism. The increased turnover of collagen and the type III collagen deficiency in the vessel wall present in acromegaly suggest that this secondary connective tissue change may have a role in the formation of intracranial aneurysms in patients with GH secreting hypophyseal adenoma. PMID- 3220713 TI - Spinal cord softenings of identifiable cause: anatomical and clinical features. AB - To complete our bibliographic review of spinal cord softenings, we now discuss the clinical and pathological findings in the cases of known or probable cause. Comparison of the diagnostic groups yields some differences in respect of sex, age and mode of onset, survival and extent of the anatomical lesion. Further differences, especially in age at onset, clinical pattern and lesion site, emerge from a comparison of these cases of known or probable cause with those whose cause is not apparent. PMID- 3220714 TI - Onset of primary brain T-lymphoma simulating a progressive leukoencephalopathy. AB - We describe the clinical, CT and MRI evolution of a patient with a primary T lymphoma of the brain showing features similar to those of leukoencephalopathy. We report the findings that led to the cerebral biopsy performed and we discuss the striking features of this case in the light of previous reports in the literature. PMID- 3220715 TI - Ocular palsy preceding chronic relapsing idiopathic polyneuropathy. Poor response to plasma exchange. AB - We report a case of chronic relapsing idiopathic polyneuropathy developing six weeks after the onset of extraocular palsy. As in the other four published cases, the patient failed to respond to steroids and also in this case to plasma exchange, thus confirming the poor prognosis. The electrophysiological features and poor response to plasma exchange are at variance with a demyelinating pathogenesis and suggest classification of this form as a distinct clinical variant. PMID- 3220717 TI - A unique association of Marfan syndrome with craniofacial hypoplasia, oligophrenia and severe microphthalmia. AB - The present report describes a case of Marfan syndrome with microphthalmia, facial and cerebral hemiatrophy and oligophrenia. This association has never previously been described in patients with Marfan disease. PMID- 3220716 TI - Cryoglobulinemic neuropathy: case report. AB - We report the case of a 51-year-old man affected by mainly motor polyneuropathy with subacute onset and tendency to chronicization. Several possible etiological factors were present, but nerve biopsy, showing ischemic and inflammatory neuropathy, led us to consider cryoglobulinemia as the most important. PMID- 3220718 TI - Cerebral blood flow recovery after reserpine withdrawal. PMID- 3220719 TI - Resection of the proximal humerus and I.O.R. modular prosthesis in the treatment of metastatic lesions. AB - The authors report a series of 20 patients affected with metastatic lesions of the proximal humerus (19 cases) or scapula (one case) treated by intra-or extra articular resection of the humerus and successive reconstruction with an I.O.R. type shoulder modular prosthesis. This method is indicated for the treatment of patients with extensive destruction of the epiphysis and cortical bone and limited invasion of the surrounding soft tissues. Prosthetic implant does not contraindicate the use of postoperative radiotherapy, and the cement used to anchor the endomedullary shaft contributes to the sterilization of any metastatic microfoces present by means of an intense esothermic polymerization reaction. The results obtained were satisfactory, with regression of pain and good functional recovery of the limb. There were no postoperative complications. PMID- 3220720 TI - Arthroscopic arthrolysis of the knee. AB - The authors report their experience in the arthroscopic treatment of joint related stiffness of the knee. Arthroscopic arthrolysis is the treatment of choice for numerous conditions (stiffness subsequent to inflammatory processes, stiffness associated with marked osteoporosis, etc.) in which open arthrolysis is contraindicated. The totally atraumatic nature of arthroscopy and the more accurate lysis of the adhesions allow for postoperative management without complications or pain. This is of particular importance as it permits passive and active kinesitherapy from the moment the patient recovers from anaesthesia, without pain and therefore with greater commitment on his part. Furthermore, arthroscopic arthrolysis can be used successfully to treat extensor muscle stiffness where endoscopic study has revealed the presence of adhesions or calcification in the anterior compartments. PMID- 3220722 TI - The surgical treatment of metastases in long bones. AB - The authors report their experience in the treatment of metastases in long bones. Between 1980 and 1985, 51 cases were submitted to surgical treatment. They comprised osteolytic lesions in the femur (44), tibia (2), and humerus (5). The most frequent primary tumours were: carcinoma of the breast (37%), lung (25%), kidney (16%), rectum (9%). The remaining 13% were from the prostate gland, bladder, ovaries, uterus, chronic lymphatic leukemia, and haemangiopericytoma. Surgical treatment was supplemented by medication and physiotherapy. The choice of instrumentation (prosthesis, total prosthesis, plates, endomedullary nailing) was based on the site of the metastasis and the general condition of the patient. Palliative surgery in these cases was fully justified by the results in that it achieved the aim we set ourselves, namely to restore these unfortunate patients to as normal a lifestyle as possible. PMID- 3220721 TI - Arthroscopic medial meniscectomy. Technique, results, complications and medium term follow-up in adult patients with no ligamentous lesion. AB - The authors report the medium-term results of arthroscopic medial meniscectomy performed on 102 adult patients. Some notes on the surgical technique and the objective and subjective results obtained in each type of meniscal lesion are also reported. PMID- 3220723 TI - Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by semitendinosus transfer in chronic anterior instability of the knee. AB - Between 1979 and 1983, 127 chronic anteromedial or anterolateral instabilities of the knee were submitted to surgical treatment (Hughston et al., 1976; Imbert, 1984). The central pivot was reconstructed by the semitendinosus tendon, using our own modification of the original Hughston technique (Puddu et al., 1986). On the medial side we advanced the posterior oblique ligament and reflex tendon of semimembranosus in cases submitted to medial meniscectomy at the same time. Laterally, we always advanced the biceps. As this method produced excellent results very quickly, it was later improved by associating the gracilis tendon with the semitendinosus. Assessment of the results was based on an average follow up of 5 years (minimum 4, maximum 7). Of the 127 patients we personally interviewed 108 and clinically evaluated 88 professional sportsmen. The results in the latter group were excellent or good in 76. PMID- 3220724 TI - The subcutaneous overturned skin flap in continuity according to the "double door" technique. AB - Loss of skin substance with exposure of the bone may be repaired with adjacent or distal flaps, pedunculated or free. For the more distal areas of the limbs it is difficult to find adjacent flaps which do not leave considerable defects at the donor site. To overcome this and also to avoid lengthy major surgery, the author has developed the overturned subcutaneous or fascial flap, raised by using the "double door" method prepared like Colson greffe flaps. The subcutaneous flap may be axiated or random and is covered with a mesh-graft while the "double doors" are sutured to close the donor site. The method is described and the first cases are presented. PMID- 3220725 TI - Patellofemoral dysplasia in infantile cerebral palsy. AB - The authors have studied the biomechanical basis of functional alterations in the extensor apparatus of the knee in cases of infantile cerebral palsy. Several interesting aspects of the problem, some of which are controversial, have emerged from this study and from a review of patients with flexion contracture of the knee treated surgically: 1. The neurological pathology of the motor system leads to problems of posture and dysplastic conditions of the hip (coxa valgus, etc.) which favour the development of patellofemoral pathology. 2. By contrast, the early clinical manifestations of this pathology are relatively insignificant and completely overshadowed by the major problems of adaptation and compensation imposed by the more serious overall disabilities which face the patient in order to stand and walk. The knee plays a prevalently static role at this stage and is not particularly stressed during joint movement. 3. The clinical manifestations of patellofemoral pathology are thus paradoxically brought into focus by surgery on the flexor apparatus to deal with contracture. Although on the one hand this improves function, on the other it brings to light the more complex functional mechanisms of the knee, thus emphasizing any deficit in the extensor apparatus. PMID- 3220726 TI - Fractures of the lower end of the humerus in the adult. AB - The authors report their experience in the treatment of 34 fractures of the lower end of the humerus treated surgically over the last 6 years. The fractures are divided into four types in assessing the functional results; open and closed; those involving and not involving the joint. Satisfactory clinical results were obtained in 22 of the 34 cases (64%). Complications were directly related either to the severity of the lesion (comminuted and open fractures) and/or inadequate surgical technique. PMID- 3220727 TI - The treatment of fractures of the tibia by Ender nailing and functional bracing. Results in the first 50 consecutive cases. AB - Between July 1983 and December 1986 50 fractures of the tibia were treated by osteosynthesis with two crossed Ender nails and plaster or functional bracing. There was only one case of pseudarthrosis; in 6 cases there was axial deviation not exceeding 5 degrees and shortening not exceeding 6 mm. In our opinion this procedure has many biological and mechanical advantages with a minimal risk of infection (none in our series). A plastic functional orthosis has proved to be particularly suitable as an adjunct to Ender nailing. Fractures of the leg so treated have in fact acquired sufficient mechanical stability to allow early walking. PMID- 3220729 TI - Arthromyolysis of the elbow in arthrogryposis. AB - The authors discuss the indications and describe the technique of arthromyolysis of the elbow in arthrogryposis and report 17 operations performed on 10 patients followed up after an average of 4.5 years. Their results show that this type of operation considerably improves passive mobility of the elbow and is capable of conferring adequate function on the limb, even without recourse to subsequent muscle transposition into the paralysed biceps. PMID- 3220728 TI - The effects of methotrexate (MTX) on bone. A densitometric study conducted on 59 patients with MTX administered at different doses. AB - The bone density of two groups of patients with osteosarcoma treated with high and low doses of MTX is compared with that of a group of healthy subjects of the same age. Bone density was measured in the radius at the mid point and at the trabecular distal point. In the patients treated with low doses there were differences in bone density as compared with the controls. In those treated with high doses the bone mineral content values were significantly lower than those for the controls (p greater than 0.01) at the trabecular distal point but not at the mid point. The significant reduction in BMC in patients treated with high doses indicated that the osteopaenic effect is dose-dependent. The decrease in density only at the site at which trabecular bone is prevalent shows that MTX acts mainly at the level of this type of bone in accordance with the proven greater sensitivity of trabecular bone to the action of other osteopaenic agents. PMID- 3220730 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of lumbar herniated disc. AB - The morphological study of lumbar herniated discs, aimed at ascertaining the appropriate type of surgical treatment to be used, is commonly based on the results of CT scan and/or radiculography, which are not without risks and disadvantages. An investigation of the pathological pictures of lumbar disc hernia obtained by N.M.R. and their comparison with those obtained by other methods shows that nuclear magnetic resonance is currently able to provide all the required information. In most patients, and especially young ones, it is possible to directly diagnose disc hernia with N.M.R. Radiculography is a more suitable method only in a small number of cases, namely, elderly patients with multiple discopathies which have been radiographically ascertained, and with atypical symptomatology. PMID- 3220731 TI - Arthrography in the study of extrameniscal pathology of the knee. AB - We re-examined 800 arthrographies performed between 1984 and 1986 according to the Lindblom-Ficat-Philippe method. 280 had pure meniscal lesions. In the remaining 520 cases, arthrography revealed extrameniscal pathology, sometimes associated with meniscal lesions, as well as other pathologies which were either negative or equivocal. The purpose of this study was to emphasize the advantages of a simple method of diagnosis applicable to out patients in the study of extrameniscal pathologies which are often concealed by the associated meniscopathy. In fact, it is possible to observe chondral, synovial, capsular and ligamentous pathologies which may be very useful as a prelude to diagnostic arthroscopy, which we consider to be a second level test. PMID- 3220732 TI - Camurati-Engelmann's disease. A case report. AB - Camurati-Engelmann's syndrome is a rare congenital disease characterised by hyperostosis and sclerosis with a predilection for the long bones of the lower limbs. The authors report a case in an adult with a family history of the disease, and multiple localisations in the diaphyses of the long bones. The site of pain and greatest involvement of the disease was the right tibia and fibula. The affection was treated by drilling and reaming the medullary canal with drills of increasing diameter. This method is easy to carry out, causes little trauma, and has undoubted advantages in greatly reducing the period of bedrest and aiding functional recovery. PMID- 3220734 TI - International perspectives on biomedical ethics. PMID- 3220735 TI - The Rome Bioethics Summit. PMID- 3220733 TI - The natural progression of cardiorespiratory failure in scoliosis. AB - The authors evaluated the respiratory capacity of 73 patients with untreated scoliosis of varying etiology, site, age and severity. Twenty-six of these patients were also evaluated from a haemodynamic point of view by means of a right cardiac catheterisation. The results, in conformity with the most significant data reported in the literature, confirm that scoliosis causes cardiorespiratory insufficiency of varying extent in relation to age of onset, site and severity. The initial respiratory deficit is of the restrictive type and is fairly well tolerated. Only later, with progression of the disease and the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension, do the clinical signs of "gibbus cor pulmonare" become manifest. PMID- 3220736 TI - Doing ethics in Italy. PMID- 3220737 TI - IVth International Conference on AIDS. PMID- 3220738 TI - In Greece, lament for the dead, denial for the dying. PMID- 3220740 TI - In France, terminal stage medicine is not hopelessly ill. PMID- 3220739 TI - In Sweden, questioning the model of compromise. PMID- 3220741 TI - In Uruguay, an ethic of care for the dying. PMID- 3220742 TI - In Colombia, dealing with death and technology. PMID- 3220744 TI - Ethics, medicine, and health in South Africa. PMID- 3220743 TI - Don't let my baby be like me. PMID- 3220745 TI - The United Kingdom and Australia: new titles. PMID- 3220746 TI - Biomedical value conflict. PMID- 3220747 TI - What is the difference between an HIV and a CBC? PMID- 3220748 TI - AIDS, judges, and the right to medical care. PMID- 3220749 TI - Ethics committees. PMID- 3220750 TI - Immunogenicity of fetal tissue. PMID- 3220751 TI - Liberalism and community-based standards of care. PMID- 3220752 TI - Ethics and the daily language of medical discourse. PMID- 3220754 TI - A.D. 2005: the President calls for deregulation of the medical profession. PMID- 3220755 TI - Human brucellosis in Hawaii. PMID- 3220753 TI - Bad axioms in genetic engineering. PMID- 3220757 TI - [Determining the prognosis of spinocellular cancer of the skin and lower lip based on the TNM system and additional parameters]. AB - Using the TNM classification established by the UICC, 427 squamous cell carcinomas of the skin and lower lip were classified as belonging to the T class. Additional histometric, histologic, and clinical tumor parameters were also recorded. Prognostic relevance was checked by comparing the overall data with those for metastatic tumors. The results showed that the overall metastasis rate was low (carcinoma of skin: 3.5%; carcinoma of lower lip: 2.7%; mean follow-up period: 5 years). Moreover, the prognoses based on the tumor diameter classes in the TNM system were not specific. Earlier findings tend to indicate that tumor thickness, depth of infiltration, and grade of malignancy should also be taken into consideration if the prognosis is to be estimated accurately. If the level and tumor thickness are taken into consideration, a large group of tumors (50%) can be separated: these tumors do not metastasize, even though they are at least 2 mm thick, and they do not infiltrate the subcutaneous tissue (no risk group). PMID- 3220756 TI - Isoniazid overdose: a case report. PMID- 3220758 TI - [Congestive lymphostatic papillomatosis]. AB - In seven patients with papillomatosis cutis in chronically congested lower extremities (lymphoedema, chronic venous insufficiency, chronic cardiac insufficiency) indirect lymphography revealed abnormalities of dermal lymph drainage. In four of these patients punch biopsies were taken from the papillomas. Microscopic examination revealed hyperplasia of the epidermis and dilated capillary-like vessels. Papillomatosis cutis in chronically congested lower extremities can be distinguished from pseudoepitheliomatose and carcinomatose alterations by both clinical and histological examination. Impaired local lymph transport seems to be the decisive trigger mechanism for the development of these papillomas. PMID- 3220760 TI - [Skin manifestations of syphilis maligna in HIV infection. Clinical observations in 3 cases]. AB - Three cases of acquired immune deficiency with unusual dermatological symptoms of early syphilis are reported. All three patients were promiscuous homosexual men with confirmed HIV infections and signs of an impaired immune status. One patient was apparently healthy, one had the AIDS-related complex and one was suspected of having LAS. Although none showed serious symptoms as regards their general well being, the syphilitic skin manifestations corresponded to earlier reports of malignant syphilis. PMID- 3220759 TI - [Multiple primary melanomas of the hair follicles--a special form of malignant melanoma of the skin]. AB - Within 5 years, a 79-year-old male patient developed multiple primary melanomas, all which originated from the hair follicles. The fact that this patient was elderly, the high number of primary tumors, their follicular origin, and the lack of a history of such disorders in the patient's family caused us to postulate that multiple primary follicular melanomas represent a special form of malignant melanoma of the skin. PMID- 3220761 TI - [Angiosarcoma of the scalp]. AB - A 57-year-old male patient suffering from angiosarcoma of the scalp is reported. The clinical picture was highly characteristic, showing an ulcerated reddish tumour without clear demarcation. However, the histological characterization was more difficult and a final diagnosis could only be established with immunohistochemistry using antibodies directed against several endothelial cell antigens. PMID- 3220762 TI - [Is there a contact allergy against male semen?]. PMID- 3220763 TI - [Preservation of the sperm of HIV positive patients]. PMID- 3220764 TI - [Home treatment of hyperhidrosis of the hands and feet tap water iontophoresis]. AB - Ten patients with severe palmo-plantar hyperhidrosis have been treated successfully at home with tap water iontophoresis for a period not less than 6 months. The patients were asked to evaluate the treatment subjectively; 8 considered the results to have been good to very good. The same results were obtained in an objective evaluation by gravimetry, hygrometry and colorimetry. The full effects were seen after an average of 15 treatments of 20-30 min each. Through the new possibility of treating patients at home, therapy for palmo plantar hyperhidrosis, which to date was only possible under medical supervision, has been simplified. PMID- 3220765 TI - [Acute primary stage of HIV infection and progression to AIDS with Kaposi sarcoma 24 months later]. AB - The case is reported of a 31-year-old homosexual male who developed distinct maculopapular and papulovesicular exanthema with aphthous-like, painful lesions of the oral mucosa, together with marked general symptoms (fever, diarrhoea, lymphadenopathy). This clinical picture suggested the primary acute phase of an initial HIV infection; during this phase the HIV-ELISA and Western blot test were negative. One year later the patient was found to be HIV-positive, showing oral candidosis, generalized lymphadenopathy, seborrhoeic eczema and zoster infection (L5/S1). A further year later, the patient developed full-blown AIDS with disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma. This observation underlines the acute inflammatory character of the primary phase of HIV infection with initial exanthema and documents the appearance of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in a time period of maximally 2 years thereafter. PMID- 3220766 TI - [Progressive circumscript lentiginosis--phakomatosis pigmentovascularis III/A]. AB - The case of a young woman with circumscribed lentiginosis on certain parts of her body with nevi flammei on face, neck and trunk is reported. This patient's condition was significant in two ways: she had a progressive circumscribed lentiginosis or lentiginosis syndrome, and it was associated with lentigo, nevus spilus and nevus flammeus, so that it was suggestive of phakomatosis. PMID- 3220767 TI - [Vesicular pityriasis rosea]. AB - Pityriasis rosea is a frequently occurring skin disease of unknown aetiology. Ten clinical forms of this disease are known, with predominance of the macular type. We observed a healthy 24-year-old patient with the very rare vesicular variant of pityriasis rosea, which has to be differentiated from vesicular virus and drug induced eruptions. PMID- 3220768 TI - Code of ethics. PMID- 3220769 TI - Routes of entry of squamous cell carcinoma to the mandible. AB - A recent preliminary report of a study to determine the patterns of invasion of squamous cell carcinoma to the nonirradiated edentulous mandible indicated that tumor entered mainly through the residual alveolar occlusal ridge. This study has now been extended and includes both nonirradiated and irradiated mandibles. Of a total of 46 nonirradiated mandibles (10 partially dentate and 36 edentulous) invaded by tumor, 41 were invaded through the occlusal surface. This confirms the findings of the preliminary report. These findings indicate that there is a rational basis on pathologic grounds for adopting a conservative approach to the nonirradiated mandible. In 16 irradiated mandibles, the routes of tumor entry were found to be much more variable than in the nonirradiated mandible. In 16 irradiated mandibles, the routes of tumor entry were found to be much more variable than in the nonirradiated mandible, and multiple foci of tumor invasion of the bone were often present wherever tumor in adjacent soft tissues approached the bone. This variability of tumor entry means that a conservative approach to mandibular excision cannot be pursued in the previously irradiated mandible and full-thickness segmental resection is necessary if bone involvement appears likely. PMID- 3220770 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with radiotherapy: does planned neck dissection reduce the change for successful surgical management of subsequent local recurrence? AB - For patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck whose primary lesion is managed with radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone or in combination with neck dissection may be used to treat clinically positive neck nodes. Although these two treatment options produce similar control rates for small mobile nodes, it is our impression that radiotherapy plus neck dissection is the preferred treatment for more advanced neck disease. The question that arises is whether the addition of a neck dissection after radiotherapy will decrease the likelihood of successful surgical management of a subsequent recurrence at the primary site. In an effort to answer this question, the records of 227 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were reviewed. All patients had clinically positive neck nodes and were treated with radiotherapy alone to the primary lesion. There was no apparent difference in the rate of disease control at the primary site or in the ability to manage patients successfully who developed a local recurrence when comparing patients initially treated with radiotherapy alone to those managed by radiotherapy and neck dissection. We conclude that postradiotherapy neck dissection does not decrease the likelihood of successfully managing a recurrence at the primary site. PMID- 3220771 TI - Incidence of salivary gland cancer in the United States relative to ultraviolet radiation exposure. AB - There is biologic and histogenetic plausibility for an association between salivary gland cancer and nonmelanoma skin cancer. To add further credence to this association, a descriptive epidemiologic study of salivary gland cancer incidence data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program from 1973 to 1981 was undertaken. The objective was to determine whether the incidence of this cancer exhibited the inverse association with geographic latitude that is characteristic of skin cancer incidence. The SEER areas were grouped into three regions (north, central, and south), based on indices of ultraviolet radiation. The southern area had significantly higher rates for white males and females compared with the northern area for all histologic subtypes combined (standardized incidence ratios were 1.6 for males and 1.4 for females), as well as for specific histologic subtypes (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and males only with mucoepidermoid carcinoma). However, there were no significant differences in incidence between the central and northern areas. These data provide further evidence of an association between skin and salivary neoplasms, both exhibiting a pattern of incidence suggestive of susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation exposure. PMID- 3220772 TI - Preoperative evaluation for partial laryngectomy. AB - The object of this study was to determine if pulmonary function tests were necessary in the preoperative evaluation of potential candidates for conservation laryngeal procedures. In addition, pulmonary complications from a series of partial laryngectomies were examined and correlated with a previous history of chronic obstructive lung disease. Ninety-four patients with laryngeal tumors amenable to a partial procedure were assessed preoperatively by testing their pulmonary function by stair-climbing; they were considered to possess enough pulmonary function to permit a partial procedure. Pulmonary function tests were obtained in 69 of these patients. Measurements of vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1-second were reviewed and correlated with the postoperative development of pulmonary complications to determine if these tests of pulmonary function could reliably predict which patients would be more prone to developing pulmonary complications. The results indicated that pulmonary function tests or a prior history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could not reliably predict postoperative complications. PMID- 3220775 TI - Tongue necrosis after radical neck dissection. AB - An unusual complication of radical neck dissection is presented. Necrosis of the anterior half of the tongue developed gradually within the first week of bilateral neck dissection. The patient had previously received radiotherapy. PMID- 3220773 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy in lymphomas of the thyroid. AB - Four cases of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the thyroid were studied using flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis of propidium iodide-stained nuclei retrieved from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Two of the four cases were aneuploid and two were euploid. In the two euploid cases, both patients are alive and without evidence of recurrent disease after an average of 4 years follow-up. Of the two aneuploid cases, one patient is alive and free of recurrent disease after 1 year. In the other aneuploid case, the patient died of disseminated disease 8 months after presentation despite having a low-grade (follicular, predominantly small cleaved cell type) and low-stage (tumor confined to thyroid at presentation) lymphoma. These data suggest that the DNA ploidy of primary NHL of the thyroid can be determined using fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Our results also suggest that a large study to assess the prognostic value of this technique is warranted. PMID- 3220774 TI - Mixed odontogenic tumors: an analysis of 23 new cases. AB - The ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastic fibrodentinoma, and ameloblastic fibro odontoma are mixed odontogenic tumors that are considered to arise from both epithelial and mesenchymal elements of the tooth germ. This article presents the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of 23 new cases. The patients' ages ranged from 3 to 19 years (median 9). Most tumors were asymptomatic and were associated with an unerupted tooth or teeth. All patients were treated with simple enucleation of the tumor. We found that histologically these lesions comprise a spectrum. Some were probably benign odontogenic tumors (neoplasms) and others were odontomas undergoing maturation (hamartomas); however, in any given case we were, on histologic grounds, unable to differentiate the two. The majority, if not all, of our cases were nonaggressive with little or no tendency to recur, whereas some reported cases have exhibited local aggressiveness and recurrence, suggestive of neoplasia. In our opinion, it is clinically important to distinguish the mixed odontogenic tumors from ameloblastoma since the mixed tumors, found mostly in children, are relatively benign when compared to ameloblastoma, which is found in all age groups (usually adults). The usually innocuous behavior of these lesions does not justify aggressive treatment initially, and simple enucleation should be appropriate in most cases. PMID- 3220776 TI - Hurthle cell adenoma of the thyroglossal duct. AB - Neoplasia in thyroglossal duct cysts or ectopic thyroid tissue deposits is rare but well recognized. The first known case of Hurthle cell adenoma in thyroglossal duct anomaly is described. The pathologic course and treatment of Hurthle cell tumors in general is reviewed. Treatment was based on the view that neoplasms in thyroglossal duct remnants represent changes in the ectopic thyroid tissue. PMID- 3220777 TI - Nasofacial defect following fibrosarcoma excision and radiotherapy. AB - For initial reconstruction, Dr. Burget suggests that he would have advanced the cheek flap medially toward the nasal septum and, subsequently, reconstructed the missing right half of the nose with a forehead flap and cartilage grafts. Dr. Panje suggested early prosthetic rehabilitation, while Dr. Krause's concepts were similar to Dr. Burget's, with forehead flap nasal reconstruction, after cheek reconstruction to the nasofacial and nasolabial lines with a medially advanced cheek flap. Dr. Panje recommended an immediate maxillary denture prosthesis, as did Dr. Krause (who supplemented this with foam rubber). Dr. Burget placed the prosthesis 3 weeks after tumor ablation. For skin grafts, Drs. Panje and Burget suggested split thickness grafts to all new surfaces to decrease wound contracture, while Dr. Krause used dermis grafts for the same purpose. Other reconstructive methods mentioned were the (1) cervical tubed flap, (2) free scapular flap, (3) Washio flap, (4) tissue expansion, and (5) nasolabial flap. Suggestions for isolated defects included: Lower eyelid--increase internal support by building up the prosthesis; release lower lid from deltopectoral flap and V-Y advancement; support graft or irradiated cartilage (1-2 mm sheet) under orbicularis oculi. Nasal ala--bring present ala down and insert cartilage graft; turn internal skin down and fill the resulting defect with a composite graft. Upper lip--multiple Z-plasty. Retrodisplacement of cheek due to maxillectomy- release buccal scar; skin graft the raw internal surface and build up prosthesis. PMID- 3220778 TI - Reactive changes in the mandible in the presence of squamous cell carcinoma. AB - A series of 80 mandibles, which were removed as part of composite resections for primary intraoral squamous cell carcinoma, was examined. Of these, 58 were nonirradiated and 22 were previously irradiated. Several changes were observed in the nonirradiated mandible in response to invading tumor. Deposition of new bone was obvious on the periosteal and endosteal surfaces. Osteoclastic resorption of bone was prominent and there was replacement of hemopoietic marrow by fibrous tissue. By contrast, it was found in the irradiated specimens that osteoblastic activity was absent but that osteoclastic activity persisted. The hemopoietic marrow was replaced by fibrous tissue. The lack of osteoblastic activity was interpreted as being due to irradiation. The extent of these changes and their relationship to the invading tumor have implications for both surgeon and pathologist. PMID- 3220780 TI - Intramuscular hemangioma of the head and neck: report of a case involving the prevertebral muscles. AB - Intramuscular hemangioma, a distinctive type of hemangioma occurring within skeletal muscle, accounts for approximately 1% of all hemangiomas. Most occur in the trunk and extremities, perhaps due to the relatively larger muscle mass in those areas. This report describes the first case of an intramuscular hemangioma of the prevertebral muscles. Intramuscular hemangioma is seldom diagnosed preoperatively, perhaps due to unfamiliarity with this uncommon lesion. Preoperative diagnosis is important, however, to properly evaluate feeding arterial blood supply and prevent potential operative morbidity. Surgical excision represents the treatment of choice. Intramuscular hemangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of deep head and neck masses. PMID- 3220779 TI - Evoked electromyography of the eleventh nerve and trapezius muscle. AB - Values and criteria for abnormality of the eleventh nerve evoked electromyography (EEMG) have been determined. The nerve conduction velocity and duration appear to be relatively consistent from subject to subject. Amplitude of response, while varying significantly from subject to subject, remains relatively constant when the right shoulder is compared to the left shoulder and when a retest is performed. PMID- 3220781 TI - Surgical management of parapharyngeal cystic hygroma causing sudden airway obstruction. AB - Parapharyngeal cystic hygroma is a rare tumor of the neck. This report describes two cases in which surgical resection was necessary to overcome sudden airway obstruction and details the surgical technique. These cases were considered "near misses" for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and were revealed by computed tomography (CT) and echography to be parapharyngeal cystic hygroma. The location of this malformation could have produced sudden airway collapse and be erroneously diagnosed as SIDS. The postoperative follow-up was satisfactory and no recurrence was detected. We believe CT and echography should be included in the evaluation of such cases. PMID- 3220782 TI - Lymphoma presenting as a salivary gland mass. AB - A retrospective review of 36 cases of lymphoma presenting as a salivary gland mass was conducted over a 34-year period. A significant increase in the occurrence of lymphoma was noted in proportion to other salivary gland tumors (P less than 0.01, chi 2 analysis: 1954-1972, 11 of 714 (1.5%); 1973-1979, 9 of 201 (4.5%); 1980-1987, 16 of 265 (6.0%). The mean age was 61 years, sex distribution was equal, and 75% occurred in the parotid. Only 42% presented with signs or symptoms other than a painless mass. Glandular excision was done in early stages of the disease while biopsy was done at later stages. Frozen section analysis was accurate in all but one case and was useful in determining if biopsy were adequate. All patients were definitively treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Several instructive points are apparent. Any patient presenting with an isolated salivary gland mass can have a lymphoma. There has, in fact, been a significantly increasing proportion of salivary gland lymphoma among the various salivary gland tumors in our patient population. In contrast to other salivary gland tumors, surgery is reserved for diagnosis and not for treatment. A lymph node biopsy may be sufficient to establish a diagnosis, in which case, glandular excision is unnecessary. Most of the patients presented with an asymptomatic isolated salivary gland mass. The presence of adjacent adenopathy, a rubbery feel to the mass, and the intraoperative appearance were the most suggestive signs of lymphoma. Frozen section analysis is helpful in determining the appropriate extent of surgery and is recommended. PMID- 3220783 TI - Retropharyngeal infiltrating lipoma--a case report. AB - Infiltrating lipoma is an unusual, benign, slowly growing neoplasm that characteristically infiltrates skeletal muscle and has a propensity for local recurrence if incompletely excised. These tumors rarely occur in the head and neck. A case of infiltrating lipoma of the retropharynx is reported. The clinical, histologic, surgical, and radiologic aspects of the lesion are reviewed. The use of magnetic resonance imaging of this tumor is presented. PMID- 3220784 TI - Adult parapharyngeal extracardiac rhabdomyoma. AB - The case of a parapharyngeal adult extracardiac rhabdomyoma (ER) in a 69-year-old man is presented focusing on computed tomographic diagnosis, surgical approach, and pathologic diagnosis. Although a rare neoplasm, adult ER has a propensity for occurring in the head and neck. Systematic computed tomography evaluation with contrast serves to define the extent of the lesion and assist in the differential diagnosis of parapharyngeal masses. In this case, a transcervical extra pharyngeal approach for excision was utilized with minimal associated morbidity and a rapid return of normal function. Careful pathologic diagnosis is required to distinguish ER from other neoplasms, especially granular cell myoblastoma. PMID- 3220785 TI - Malignant oncocytoma of the maxillary sinus--an ultrastructural study. AB - A unique case of a malignant oncocytoma of the maxillary sinus is reviewed in detail. The ultrastructural findings are presented. The histologic and ultrastructural criteria that characterize oncocytes and the clinicopathologic features of benign and malignant oncocytomas are discussed. This case represents the eleventh reported case that would truly qualify as a malignant oncocytoma of the paranasal sinuses. PMID- 3220786 TI - Nasal septal melanoma. AB - The controversial issues on management of nasal septal melanoma center around the extent of pretreatment evaluation. Probably the minimum required is a chest radiograph, CBC, and liver function test (Dr. Westbrook). The use of bone scan and CT scans of brain, lungs, and abdomen (Drs. Suen and Medina) is controversial and of little yield. Aside from distant metastasis to the lung, liver, and brain, the regional metastatic spread pattern includes the nodal groups of the buccal, submental, and submandibular areas, with the possibility of bilateral involvement. All consultants agreed that the primary tumor should be treated with a wide local excision; however, there is no agreement as to the extent of nodal groups included in the nodal dissection. No consultant recommended primary septal reconstruction. The use of postoperative radiotherapy in high-dose fractions remains experimental, in the protocol research stage. PMID- 3220787 TI - [Has the pediatrician a future?]. AB - The article is concerned with the problem of the education of pediatricians. The main controversial developments are overspecialization and lack of understanding the psychodynamics of the patient and his environment in the education of young pediatricians. Solutions of this dilemma are proposed, for which a change of medical attitude seems necessary and to acknowledge the subjective reality of the patient. PMID- 3220788 TI - Final height in a group of untreated children with constitutional growth delay. AB - We retrospectively evaluated the growth of 41 children with constitutional growth delay followed till adulthood and never treated with growth-promoting therapies. Final height has been correlated with prepubertal height, genetic target and height prediction calculated in both prepuberty and puberty. All patients showed a significant improvement of their height standard deviation score (HSDS) from prepuberty to adulthood, and the great majority of them achieved a final height above the 3rd percentile. Moreover, we found a good correlation between final height and both genetic target and height prediction, even if the latter overestimated final height in 25% of the patients. In conclusion, our data confirm that constitutional growth delay is a normal variant of growth. Therefore, caution should be paid in considering pharmacological treatment of this condition. PMID- 3220789 TI - Effectiveness of single versus double volume exchange transfusion in newborn infants with AB0 hemolytic disease. AB - The effectiveness of early single volume exchange transfusion (ET; 80 ml/kg) was compared with that of early double volume exchange transfusion (160 ml/kg) for treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by AB0 incompatibility. Twenty full-term infants with AB0 hemolytic disease were randomized into the two treatment groups. The groups were comparable for gestational age, body weight, hemoglobin values, reticulocyte count, maximum serum bilirubin levels, rate of rise of serum bilirubin before ET, antibody titer, and age at time of ET (all p greater than 0.05). The efficacy of treatment was similar in both groups taking into account the mean bilirubin level after ET, post-ET bilirubin, duration of phototherapy following ET, and frequency of second ET (all p greater than 0.05). However, platelet count immediately after ET was lower in the double volume ET group as compared to the single volume ET group (p less than 0.01). Hemoglobin values immediately after ET were higher in the double volume ET group (p less than 0.01). At ten days of life no differences were detectable. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of single volume ET for treatment of full-term infants with jaundice due to AB0 incompatibility is at least comparable to that of double exchange ET. Furthermore, the lesser aggressive approach determines less complications such as a decrease of platelet count. PMID- 3220790 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea: a polysomnographic study of sleep apnea before and after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. AB - We report about polysomnographic studies including EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, measurement of oropharyngeal airflow, recording of chest wall movements and transcutaneous measurements of pO2 and pCO2 in a 4-year-old girl with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Her sleep profile was characterized by a disturbed cyclic pattern of sleep stages with onset of sleep at stage 4, shortening of REM sleep periods and of sleep stages 1 and 2, and an increased quantity of sleep stage 4. The total time spent in apneic episodes was 11.3% of the total sleep period (only obstructive events). Apneic attacks were recorded mainly in REM and light NREM sleep states. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy resulted in marked improvement without further evidence of abnormal sleeping pattern or of sleep apneas. PMID- 3220792 TI - Trisomy 3q2 and Pierre-Robin sequence in a boy with unbalanced 46,XY, der(10), t(3;10)(q23;q26.3) de novo karyotype. AB - A partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome number 3 (3q23----3qter) is reported in a malformed male newborn with a Pierre-Robin sequence. The importance of the detection of chromosomal abnormalities towards the nosology of malformation sequences is discussed. PMID- 3220791 TI - [Acute poisoning with a narcotic (Tramadol) in an infant of five weeks]. AB - Accidental rectal administration of 27 mg/kg of the narcotic analgesic Tramadol to a five-week-old infant resulted in severe cerebral depression, which had to be treated with Naloxone during 48 hours. The severity and the duration of this intoxication are not explained solely by the high dosage of Tramadol. A decreased elimination kinetics and an increased permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier probably also account for the pattern of the present intoxication. PMID- 3220793 TI - Use of light microscopic immunotechniques in selecting preparation conditions and immunoprobes for ultrastructural immunolabelling of lactoferrin. AB - Successful postembedding immunolabelling for electron microscopy is sometimes difficult to achieve. We propose that light microscopy can be used (1) to detect quickly processing steps which have an adverse effect on the tissue antigenicity and (2) to check the specific reactivity of the immunogold detecting system normally employed at the ultrastructural level. The individual steps of fixation, dehydration and embedding were tested for their ability to preserve antigenicity by light microscopic peroxidase--anti-peroxidase cytochemistry. Steps that severely reduced antigenicity were replaced by less destructive alternatives compatible with reasonable ultrastructural preservation. The specific reactivity of the immunogold detecting system was assessed by using the light microscopic immunogold-silver staining method. We studied the antigen lactoferrin in human neutrophilic granulocytes from patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. We obtained strong immunolabelling of specific granules and good ultrastructural preservation using routine methods at room temperature. For lactoferrin the method of choice was to fix in 3% paraformaldehyde/0.1% glutaraldehyde followed by 1% OsO4, dehydrate in 70% ethanol, embed in LR White resin and polymerize at 40 degrees C for 40 h. These conditions may not be suitable for all antigens and we emphasize that for each new antigen a similar study should be carried out. PMID- 3220794 TI - Localization of type IX collagen in chondrons isolated from porcine articular cartilage and rat chondrosarcoma. AB - Chondrocytes, each with their pericellular matrix bounded by a fibrous capsule, can be extracted singly or in groups from both mature pig articular cartilage and chondrosarcoma tissue. These structures, termed chondrons, are thought to anchor the chondrocytes in the matrix and protect them from the compressive forces experienced when articular cartilage is under load. The capsule of these chondrons contains both type II and type IX collagens and is composed of fine fibrillar material, unlike the large banded fibres of type II collagen found in the rest of the matrix. This suggests a role for type IX collagen in regulating the diameter of type II fibres to produce the fine fibrillar structure of the chondron capsules. PMID- 3220795 TI - On the role of oxygen in dehydrogenase reactions using tetrazolium salts. AB - Fundamental aspects of the reduction of tetrazolium salts were investigated and, in particular, the role of oxygen in the reduction. It was found that oxygen had a competitive inhibitory effect on the reduction of (Tetra)Nitro BT mediated by NADH and phenazine methosulphate. This competitive effect, under aerobic conditions, could be reversed by using tetrazolium concentrations of 5 mM. Oxygen did not have a significant effect on BPST reduction, whereas the inhibitory effect of oxygen on the reduction of Neotetrazolium was not reversed by increasing the tetrazolium concentration. The oxygen effect on Nitro BT reduction was considerably less when macromolecular substances such as albumin or polyvinyl alcohol were added to the medium. This may be due to increased Nitro BT concentrations being built up at the surface of macromolecules due to the nonpolar components of the Nitro BT molecule. When demonstrating glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity in vitro or in tissue sections with the use of Nitro BT, oxygen also had a direct inhibitory effect, even when azide was added to the medium for the inhibition of flavoprotein-mediated electron transfer to oxygen. Again, this direct inhibition of Nitro BT reduction by oxygen could be excluded by using a high Nitro BT concentration. Macromolecules present in the incubation medium or in tissue sections counteracted the oxygen effect. It is concluded that the maximum reaction rate and optimum localization of dehydrogenases is obtained when histochemical media are used containing 5 mM (Tetra)Nitro BT and 20% polyvinyl alcohol. PMID- 3220796 TI - Differentiating the effects of microwave and heat on tissue proteins and their crosslinking by formaldehyde. AB - Alkaline phosphatase activity in mouse liver blocks, cooled by an ice-bath, decreased by 50% in 5 min of microwave irradiation (280 W). This loss of protein tertiary structure has been mirrored by ultrastructural changes in the same tissue. Microwave irradiation did not produce cleavage or polymerization of lysozyme or haemoglobin. Protein formaldehyde reaction mixtures produced protein polymers between 0 degree and 40 degrees C which could be separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Microwave irradiation of lysozyme or haemoglobin plus formaldehyde on ice-bath up to 30 min produced a similar electrophoretic pattern. When lysozyme or haemoglobin plus formaldehyde was heated to 60 degrees C for 30 min, the protein polymers migrated faster on electrophoresis, suggesting a smaller hydrodynamic volume than expected due to intramolecular crosslink formation, not opened up under the conditions of electrophoresis. PMID- 3220797 TI - Microwave-stimulated incubation in immunoelectron microscopy: a quantitative study. AB - Microwave irradiation has been applied to reduce the immunogold staining time of ultrathin sections of Lowicryl embedded specimens. Labelling has been stimulated by microwave irradiation during incubation with 10 nm colloidal gold particles coated with either goat anti-mouse antibodies (GaM-gold) or goat anti-rabbit antibodies (GaR-gold) and has been compared with control incubations. Quantification has been performed on cytoplasmic membranes or lysosomes labelled with a primary antibody. Counting the gold particles over specific and non specific sites in electron micrographs and electron microscopic images by IBAS 2000 revealed that irradiation of 25 microliters droplets both at 80 W and 150 W resulted in an accelerated immunogold labelling, while the non-specific background levels were not increased. A plateau level in immunogold labelling intensity was reached after 25 min incubation under microwave irradiation at 150 W as compared to 120 min incubation without microwaves. No improvement in localization sharpness of immunogold labelling on membranes was achieved by microwave irradiation. The microwave-mediated acceleration of immunogold staining may be considered as an example of a staining method with a restricted thermal action on microvolumes as indicated by direct temperature measurements using a fibre-optic thermometer. PMID- 3220798 TI - Early-filling cerebral vein. PMID- 3220800 TI - Medical education: the resistance to change. PMID- 3220799 TI - Method of obtaining chronic biliary tree access for long-term management of Oriental cholangiohepatitis: report of a case. PMID- 3220801 TI - Seasonal distribution of Aeromonas hydrophila in river water and isolation from river fish. AB - The seasonal distribution of Aeromonas hydrophila in water and recovery rate from live river fish was investigated. The highest isolation rates of A. hydrophila occurred in water during the late winter followed by a progressive decline in density during the summer and monsoon seasons. The organism was recovered from fish throughout the period from which it was concluded that they form a reservoir which is unrelated to their density in water. The enterotoxigenicity of some environmental strains was tested in suckling mice and rabbit ileal loop. PMID- 3220803 TI - Bone marrow examination. PMID- 3220804 TI - Histiocytic diseases of bone marrow. AB - The disease most likely to be associated with large numbers of bone marrow storage histiocytes is Gaucher's disease. In our community of western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and West Virginia, we have encountered 30 patients with Gaucher's disease during the past 25 years. During the same 25 years, a group of about 20 other patients have been examined for storage cells caused by diseases other than Gaucher's disease. These other conditions are associated with smaller numbers of storage cells, and these patients require a more extensive examination that should include serum or tissue lipid analyses, enzymology, and electron microscopy to assist in the diagnosis. PMID- 3220802 TI - Lineage heterogeneity in acute leukemia with the t(4;11) abnormality: implications for acute mixed lineage leukemia. AB - Acute leukemia associated with the t(4;11)(q21;q23) abnormality demonstrates marked lineage heterogeneity, including cases with features of acute mixed lineage leukemia. We report 7 patients with acute leukemia with the t(4;11) abnormality in which we have defined the range of lineage commitment associated with this disease utilizing a variety of cell characterization techniques. Each case could be classified either as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (5 cases) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (2 cases) based on standard light microscopic criteria supplemented by ultrastructural determination of myeloperoxidase. Evidence for acute mixed lineage leukemia was found in one of the AML patients in which coexpression of CD14 and CD19 surface antigens was demonstrated. Overall, the findings further confirm the lineage heterogeneity previously reported in association with t(4;11) acute leukemia. The implications of the findings as to the pathogenesis of t(4;11) acute leukemia are discussed. PMID- 3220805 TI - Porphyrias and neurological disease. PMID- 3220806 TI - Neurological complications in intermittent acute porphyria. PMID- 3220809 TI - Can ascitic fluid transmit hepatitis B virus? PMID- 3220808 TI - Clinical profile of connective tissue diseases in a referral service hospital. PMID- 3220807 TI - Acute aluminum phosphide poisoning--an epidemiological, clinical and histo pathological study. PMID- 3220810 TI - Effect of food on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim after administration of Aubril to healthy human volunteers. PMID- 3220811 TI - Comparative bioavailability with two brands of carbamazepine-Tegretol and Mazetol in healthy volunteers. PMID- 3220812 TI - Severe acute mountain sickness (AMS) in a permanent resident of Shimla. PMID- 3220813 TI - Problems in neurocysticercosis after praziquantel therapy. PMID- 3220814 TI - Therapy related malignancies. PMID- 3220815 TI - Iodised salt. PMID- 3220816 TI - Plasmapheresis in the treatment of acute relapsing inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case report. AB - Neurologic complications, including both the acute and chronic forms of inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (IDP) are becoming more prevalent among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related-complex (ARC). Although the etiology of the above radiculoneuropathies is not known, an autoimmune process has been postulated. Plasmapheresis has been reported to be of benefit in both the acute and chronic forms of these neuropathies. In this report we describe the use of plasmapheresis in the treatment of a patient with ARC and the acute relapsing form of IDP. The treatment consisted of an intensive course of plasmapheresis following his initial presentation and after an acute relapse which occurred several weeks after his initial presentation. Both the initial presentation and relapse involved respiratory compromise necessitating intubation and mechanical ventilation. In both instances marked clinical improvement was achieved after initiation of plasmapheresis. Thus, plasmapheresis may have a role in the management of acute relapsing IDP associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. PMID- 3220817 TI - Plateletpheresis concentrates produced in 30 minutes along with plasma and packed red cells: preliminary results. AB - Centrifugal devices for donor plasmapheresis that collect platelets as a by product have recently been introduced. The platelet yield ranges from 1.2 to 2 X 10(11) per collection, and the collection time exceeds 50 minutes. An attempt to increase yields and to reduce the procedure time was carried out at our center, taking advantage of the Dideco Eccentriplate (Dideco spa, Mirandola, Italy). Within 30 minutes, 510 ml of plasma were collected along with 3.3 X 10(11) platelets. The shift of donors from whole blood to plasma and platelet donation generated a progressive decrease in red-cell availability. In order to maintain plasma and platelet production without affecting the erythrocyte production, a technique was developed that allows the collection of 3.68 X 10(11) platelets, 250 ml of plasma, and 225 ml of packed red blood cells with a hematocrit of 66.5%. The mean procedure time was 31.6 minutes; 2,671 ml of blood were processed at flow rates of 85-100 ml/minute. The cellular cross contamination of the platelet concentrates was 1.76 X 10(8) (leukocytes) and 2.23 X 10(8) (erythrocytes). Although the procedure was carried out in a selected group of donors, the technical experience has strongly modified our procedure for platelet and plasma collection. PMID- 3220818 TI - Staphylococcal carriage and infection in myasthenia gravis patients receiving therapeutic apheresis. AB - Populations exposed to repetitive needle puncture (such as hemodialysis patients, insulin-dependent diabetics, and parenteral drug abusers) are at increased risk for nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. These groups appear to have increased susceptibility to serious staphylococcal infection as well. We performed a microbiologic survey on a group of patients receiving regular, long term therapeutic apheresis for myasthenia gravis (MG), and compared the rate of nasal staphylococcal carriage with that found in control groups of MG patients not receiving apheresis and ambulatory general medical patients without known risk factors for staphylococcal carriage. Medical records were reviewed for episodes of significant staphylococcal infection occurring since commencement of apheresis. Nasal S. aureus carriage was found in 9/29 (31%) apheresis patients, 8/30 (27%) MG controls, and 8/30 (27%) general medical controls. No significant difference in frequency of apheresis was noted between carriers and noncarriers. A single episode of S. aureus bacteremia occurred in 95 patient-years of apheresis therapy. We conclude that therapeutic apheresis for MG does not increase the risk of staphylococcal carriage, and that serious infection is infrequent. PMID- 3220819 TI - Kinetics modeling of plasma exchange: intra- and post-plasma exchange. PMID- 3220820 TI - Modeling of platelet concentrate yield in continuous-flow cell separation devices. PMID- 3220821 TI - A new approach to neocyte transfusion: preliminary report. AB - A method has been developed using phthalate oils to quality control units of young red cells (neocytes). Neocytes prepared by the NEOCEL system have a mean young red cell enrichment of 90% with only 3.4% less than 80%. Neocytes prepared in a blood cell processor have an average enrichment of 81% with 27% less than 75%. Based on a 12 month period, the patients as a group have received an average of 14% fewer transfusions and an 18% decrease in red cells per kg/yr as compared to frozen red cells. PMID- 3220822 TI - Chemical structure of a new modified nucleoside located in the anticodon of Bombyx mori glycine tRNA2. AB - There are two species of glycine tRNA, tRNA(1Gly) and tRNA(2Gly), in the posterior silk glands of Bombyx mori. The first positions of their anticodons are guanosine and an unknown nucleoside for tRNA(1Gly) and tRNA(2Gly), respectively. This new nucleoside was isolated and the chemical structure was analyzed by thin layer chromatography and by UV, 1H-NMR, field desorption mass, and ORD spectroscopic measurements. The structure characterized by physical methods was finally confirmed by synthesis to be 5-((S)-carboxy(hydroxy) methyl)uridine methyl ester. PMID- 3220823 TI - Studies on the equilibria and kinetics of the reactions of ferrous catalase with ligands. AB - The optical absorption spectrum of bovine liver catalase was found to change on light irradiation in the presence of proflavin and EDTA in a deaerated solution. Upon addition of CO to the photolyzed product, the spectrum changed to an another form, suggesting that the photolyzed product is the ferrous form of the enzyme and CO is bound to the ferrous enzyme. When O2 was introduced into the ferrous enzyme, the absorption spectrum returned to its original ferric state. An intermediate spectrum was obtained in this reaction at -20 degrees C in 33% v/v ethylene glycol. Judged from the spectral characteristics of this compound, it is probably an oxyferrous enzyme. It was converted into ferric enzyme gradually when the sample was left at room temperature. The ferrous enzyme, which was generated by flash photolysis of the CO complex of the enzyme in an air-saturated buffer, reacted with O2 to form the oxyferrous enzyme with a second order rate constant of 9.2 x 10(3) M-1.s-1 at pH 8.6 and 20 degrees C. The oxyferrous enzyme thus obtained autodecomposed into the ferric form with a rate constant of 0.1 s-1. PMID- 3220824 TI - Ca2+-induced lateral phase separation in ternary mixtures of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine inferred by calorimetry. AB - Phase transition characteristics of ternary mixtures of dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine (dilauroyl-, dimyristoyl-, or dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine) were examined by differential scanning calorimetry at various concentrations of calcium ions. In the absence of calcium ion, these ternary mixtures showed a broad phase transition, which suggested a high miscibility of these components. Addition of a low concentration of calcium ions showed a tendency to induce separation of the transition into a major one and a small one. As the concentration of calcium ions increased, the separation became more distinct and the transition enthalpy of the major transition decreased. At a Ca2+/dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid ratio (mol/mol) of 1.5, the major transition became similar to the transition of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and the phosphatidylethanolamine binary mixture. On the other hand, in a binary mixture dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, the Ca2+-induced phase separation was distinct even at the lowest concentration of calcium ions used in the present experiment. The results indicate that a high concentration of calcium ion is required for inducing complete phase separation of the transition event in the ternary mixture because of its high miscibility. It is suggested that the phase separation revealed by spin-labeled phospholipid in ternary mixtures at a low Ca2+ concentration might be a phase separation in a local domain. PMID- 3220825 TI - Modulation of cholesterol microenvironment with apolipoproteins induced by the presence of cholesteryl ester in lipid microemulsion. AB - In order to investigate the effect of cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in plasma lipoprotein on its metabolism, change of the cholesterol (CHOL) microenvironment was studied by using a lipid microemulsion model system (J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10073-10082, 1983 and 260, 16375-16382, 1985) in the presence of CE and apolipoproteins. Solubility of CHOL in the triolein (TG) core of the emulsion was limited (0.4 weight percent), so that most of the CHOL in the emulsion was found to be associated with the phosphatidylcholine (PC) surface membrane. CE was associated almost exclusively with the TG core without any significant effect on the partitioning of cholesterol between the core and the surface. However, membrane-associated CHOL seems to be present in the TG core adjacent to the surface membrane in the microemulsion without CE, and it is likely to be shifted into the membrane by the presence of CE in the core according to the compositional analysis. Binding parameters of apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, C-III1, and E were not significantly different among the emulsions with and without CHOL and/or CE at CHOL/PC ratios up to 0.17 (w/w). Susceptibility of CHOL to cholesterol oxidase was observed as an enzymatic probe for CHOL microenvironment. In the absence of apolipoproteins, CHOL reacted similarly to the enzyme regardless of its shift by CE. When apolipoproteins bound to the emulsion containing only CHOL, the rate of CHOL oxidation was decreased by 40% with apoE but not with the others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220826 TI - Taurine transport across hepatocyte plasma membranes: analysis in isolated rat liver sinusoidal plasma membrane vesicles. AB - To elucidate the mechanism of taurine transport across the hepatic plasma membranes, rat liver sinusoidal plasma membrane vesicles were isolated and the transport process was analyzed. In the presence of a sodium gradient across the membranes (vesicle inside less than vesicle outside), an overshooting uptake of taurine occurred. In the presence of other ion gradients (K+, Li+, and choline+), taurine uptake was very small and no such overshoot was observed. Sodium dependent uptake of taurine occurred into an osmotically active intravesicular space. Taurine uptake was stimulated by preloading vesicles with unlabeled taurine (transstimulation) in the presence of NaCl, but not in the presence of KCl. Sodium-dependent transport followed saturation kinetics with respect to taurine concentration; double-reciprocal plots of uptake versus taurine concentration gave a straight line from which an apparent Km value of 0.38 mM and Vmax of 0.27 nmol/20 s x mg of protein were obtained. Valinomycin-induced K+ diffusion potential failed to enhance the rate of taurine uptake, suggesting that taurine transport does not depend on membrane potential. Taurine transport was inhibited by structurally related omega-amino acids, such as beta-alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid, but not by glycine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, or other alpha-amino acids, such as L-alanine. These results suggest that Na+-dependent uptake of taurine might occur across the hepatic sinusoidal plasma membranes via a transport system that is specific for omega-amino acids having 2-3 carbon chain length. PMID- 3220827 TI - Simple assay for sialyltransferase activity with a new fluorogenic substrate. AB - A new fluorogenic acceptor for sialyltransferase, 2-[(2-pyridyl)amino]ethyl O beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, was prepared from lactose as a starting material. Sialyltransferase activity was assayed by incubation of the enzyme with the acceptor and CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid, separation of the fluorogenic sialylated product from the enzymatic reaction mixture by HPLC, and measurement of the product. Compared to assays so far reported that use radioactive substrates, this assay is simple and rapid. This method was used to assay sialyltransferase activity in human serum. PMID- 3220828 TI - NMR-invisible ATP in rat heart and its change in ischemia. AB - The subcellular compartmentalization of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in isolated perfused rat heart and its relation to energy depletion in ischemia were examined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy and chemical analyses. The signal intensities of the beta-phosphate of ATP and creatine phosphate in the 31P-NMR were standardized by the intracellular volume ratio measured with 23Na-NMR to determine the actual content of each. During aerobic perfusion the ATP content determined by NMR (13.7 +/- 2.2 mumol/g dry weight) was significantly lower than that found by chemical analysis (22.4 +/- 0.7 mumol/g dry weight), while the creatine phosphate contents determined by the two methods were the same. During ischemia at 33 degrees C, the signal of the beta-phosphate of ATP in the 31P-NMR spectrum decreased progressively, disappearing completely after 16 min. But at this time 5.7 +/- 1.7 mumol/g dry weight of myocardial ATP was still detected by chemical analysis. These results indicated that there were two different compartments of intracellular ATP in the heart, only one of which is detectable by 31P-NMR spectroscopy, and that during ischemia the ATP that is detectable, which seems to be the free ATP in the cytosol, decreased more rapidly than the ATP in the other compartment. PMID- 3220829 TI - Synthesis of sex-specific forms of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver is transiently suppressed by hepatic monooxygenase inducers. AB - The effects of phenobarbital (PB), 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), and alpha naphthoflavone (alpha-NF) on the synthesis of drug-inducible forms of cytochrome P-450, P-450(PB-1), and P-450(MC-1), and sex-specific forms of cytochrome P-450, P-450(M-1), and P-450(F-1), in male and female rats were studied. Whereas P 450(PB-1) and P-450(MC-1) in liver microsomes were markedly induced in both sexes by treatment with PB and MC, respectively, the contents of P-450(M-1) and P-450(F 1) were significantly decreased by the treatments. alpha-NF, which is not a P-450 inducer, did not change the contents of sex-specific forms of cytochrome P-450. The translatable mRNAs of the P-450s were also determined by using an in vitro translation system. The mRNAs coding for P-450(PB-1) and P-450(MC-1) were increased by drug administrations. On the other hand, the mRNAs coding for P 450(M-1) and P-450(F-1) were transiently decreased by the drugs, and then returned to the normal levels. The time courses of the induction of the drug inducible P-450s and the repression of the sex-specific P-450s showed no close correlation. alpha-NF had no effect on the synthesis of P-450(M-1) and P-450(F 1). We also found that the synthesis of P-450(M-1) in the livers of untreated rats showed no diurnal variations. PMID- 3220830 TI - Disulfide bond interchange in Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human interferon-beta 1 under denaturing conditions. AB - Disulfide bond interchange has been pointed out as a considerable problem in preparing recombinant proteins from Escherichia coli cells. This has been reported in the system of reducing denaturation followed by a refolding process, where incorrectly folded molecules are sometimes produced. As the possibility of disulfide bond interchange may also arise in the cytoplasm of E. coli cells, the state of sulfhydryl groups of recombinant proteins obtained from a nonreducing and nondenaturing process should be examined. The state of sulfhydryl groups of E. coli-derived recombinant human interferon-beta 1, which had been purified under nonreducing and nondenaturing conditions, was examined by using the N-(7 dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl)maleimide (DACM) labeling technique. Among the three cysteine residues in E. coli-derived human interferon-beta 1, the 17th cysteine was identified as being unpaired, as in the natural molecule. However, it was found that three isomers of the recombinant protein could be formed when the protein was denatured with 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. These three isomers were identified as having unpaired cysteine residues at positions 17, 31, and 141, respectively. These results indicate that disulfide bond interchange occurs in E. coli-derived recombinant human interferon-beta 1 under denaturing conditions in spite of the absence of a reducing agent. PMID- 3220831 TI - Movement of water in conjunction with plant movement visualized by NMR imaging. AB - The water distribution in the pulvinus of Mimosa can be visualized by an NMR imaging technique. After stimulation of a Mimosa plant, water in the lower half of the main pulvinus disappeared, the water previously contained in this area seeming to be transferred to the upper half of the main pulvinus. Movement of the water in conjunction with Mimosa movement was visualized sequentially by a non invasive NMR imaging procedure. PMID- 3220832 TI - Circular dichroism study of membrane dynamics focused on effect of monosialogangliosides. AB - Monosialogangliosides (GM) purified from bovine brain were incorporated into circular dichroism (CD)-active liposomes and the effects of GM on the membrane dynamics were studied by CD spectroscopy. In the presence of 7 mol% of GM, the phase transition temperature (Tc) of the membrane increased by ca. 10 degrees C compared with the membrane without GM and characteristic CD spectra were observed for CD-active liposomes incorporating GM at low temperature. Asialogangliosides had no effect on the CD spectra or Tc. We have also studied the role of GM in reducing leakage of [3H]sucrose from liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid, cholesterol and alpha tocopherol with a molar ratio of 4 : 1 : 5 : 0.1 in the presence of human plasma at 25 degrees C. The half-life of [3H]-sucrose leakage was 173 h for liposomes incorporating 7 mol% of GM. On the other hand, the half-lives for liposomes incorporating 7 mol% of asialogangliosides and liposomes without glycolipids were 45 and 42 h, respectively. These results indicate that sialic acid on the membrane surface contributes to the increase of Tc, to the change of the aggregation state of phospholipids and to the stabilization of liposomes in plasma. PMID- 3220834 TI - Metabolism of exogenous gangliosides GM1 and chemically modified GM1 in mice. AB - Ganglioside GM1(NeuAc), labeled at the C-3 position of sphingosine with tritium, was injected into C3H/He, C57BL/10, B10.AQR mice intraperitoneally. The incorporation and the distribution of the radioactivity in various organs were examined. The injected [3H]GM1(NeuAc) was mainly incorporated in the liver and hydrolyzed sequentially. Sialic acid of ganglioside GM1(NeuAc) and metabolites was converted to N-glycolyl type from N-acetyl type. An appreciable amount of the sphingosine moiety in the administered GM1(NeuAc), moreover, was reutilized, being converted to sphingomyelin, and incorporated into alkyl chain of the ether lipid in phosphatidylethanolamine. The distributions of radioactivity in the metabolites of GM1(NeuAc) administered to the three strains of mice were different from each other. In other organs, GM1(NeuAc) was incorporated and metabolized only slightly. The N-methylamide, at the carboxyl group of the sialic acid, of the labeled ganglioside GM1(GM1(NeuAc)-NMe) was injected into C3H/He mice. Most of the administered [3H]GM1(NeuAc)-NMe was incorporated in the liver, and was metabolized to GM3(NeuAc)-NMe, via GM2(NeuAc)-NMe, within 24 h. GM3(NeuAc)-NMe was the only radioactive compound in the subsequent 10 weeks, but disappeared from the liver gradually. N-Methylamide-modified gangliosides were resistant to hydrolysis by mouse hepatic sialidase, to elongation by glycosyltransferase and to N-glycolylation at N-acetylneuraminic acid by monooxygenase. PMID- 3220833 TI - A novel actin filament-capping protein from sea urchin eggs: a 20,000-molecular weight protein-actin complex. AB - A novel protein factor which reduced the low-shear viscosity of rabbit skeletal muscle actin was purified from a 0.6 M KCl-extract of an insoluble fraction of sea urchin eggs by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration column chromatography, DNase I column chromatography, and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. This protein factor was shown to be a one-to-one complex of a 20,000-molecular-weight protein and egg actin. This protein complex accelerated the initial rate of actin polymerization, but reduced the steady-state viscosity of F-actin. It inhibited at substoichiometric amounts the elongation of actin filaments on sonicated F-actin fragments and depolymerization of F-actin induced by dilution. In addition, it increased the critical concentration of actin for polymerization. All these effects of this protein complex on actin could be explained by the "capping the barbed end" of the actin filament by the complex. The 20,000-molecular-weight protein which was separated from actin also possessed the barbed end-capping activities, but differed from the complex in that it did not accelerate the polymerization of actin. PMID- 3220835 TI - Separation of Akazara scallop and rabbit troponin components by a single-step chromatography on CM-Toyopearl. AB - Three components of Akazara scallop (Chlamys nipponensis akazara) troponin were well separated from each other by a single-step chromatography on CM-Toyopearl, although they were hardly separated on DEAE-Sephadex A-25. Moreover, by means of this CM-chromatography, the troponin components of rabbit were also readily separated with high purities and in high yields. The components thus separated were readily reconstituted and the Ca2+ regulatory function was fully recovered. PMID- 3220836 TI - Compensatory route of spermidine acetylation and oxidation can supply sufficient putrescine for hepatic DNA synthesis at an early stage after partial hepatectomy in diaminopropane-treated rats. AB - Hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity in rats increased 2 h after partial hepatectomy, showing two peaks at 4 and 10 h. When the rats received 1,3 diaminopropane (DAP) from 0 to 4 h or from 6 to 10 h, this increase was suppressed at 6 or 12 h, respectively, whereas hepatic spermidine N1 acetyltransferase activity was enhanced by DAP administration at 6 as well as 12 h, though the levels at 12 h were one-fifth of those at 6 h. An increase in hepatic DNA synthesis at 22 h did not occur in the rats given DAP from 6 to 10 h. It recovered after administration of putrescine, but not that of spermidine. In contrast, such an inhibition was not seen in the rats given DAP from 0 to 4 h; it occurred when quinacrine, a polyamine oxidase inhibitor, was concomitantly dosed, and disappeared with further addition of putrescine. Hepatic DNA synthesis changed in close association with hepatic putrescine content irrespective of spermidine and spermine contents in these rats. Putrescine may be essential for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and can be produced in sufficient quantity to support hepatic DNA synthesis by the compensatory route of spermidine acetylation and oxidation when ornithine decarboxylase activity is suppressed at an early stage. PMID- 3220837 TI - A physicochemical study of the interaction of phosphatidylinositol with buprenorphine and naloxone. AB - The interactions of two opioid molecules (buprenorphine and naloxone) with phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine were studied in lipid monolayers at the air-water interface. The influence of Na+, Ca2+, and Mn2+ ions in these interactions has also been determined. Neither buprenorphine nor naloxone influence the ordered state of phosphatidylcholine monolayers. On the contrary, both opioid molecules interact specifically with phosphatidylinositol monolayers. The area/molecule of phosphatidylinositol spread on buprenorphine containing subphases is highly affected by this molecule and also by ions. The phosphatidylinositol/naloxone interactions are rather weak and less affected by ions. PMID- 3220838 TI - Macrophage phagocytosis of biodegradable microspheres composed of L-lactic acid/glycolic acid homo- and copolymers. AB - A variety of biodegradable microspheres were prepared from L-lactic acid, DL lactic acid, or glycolic acid homopolymers and copolymers of different molecular weights and monomer compositions. Phagocytosis of the microspheres by mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied in cell culture system using scanning electron microscopy as well as light microscopy. The diameter of microspheres prepared was less than 2 microns, regardless of the starting polymers. No dependence of the chemical nature of starting polymers was observed on the extent of phagocytosis of the microspheres by macrophages. Precoating the microspheres with water soluble macromolecules such as proteins had great influence on phagocytosis by macrophages. It was demonstrated that precoating with bovine serum albumin and non-proteinaceous macromolecules reduced the phagocytosis of microspheres, while bovine gamma-globulin, human fibronectin, bovine tuftsin, and gelatin precoating enhanced the phagocytosis. This trend was not influenced by the presence of serum. Only in the case of gelatin precoating, the phagocytosis was greatly enhanced by the presence of serum as compared to precoating with other proteins. Microscopic observation clearly indicated that the phagocytosed microspheres were gradually degraded in the macrophage interior with the incubation time, leading to release of a fluorescent dye encapsulated in the microspheres. The rate of microsphere degradation in cells could be controlled by changing the molecular weight and the monomer composition of the copolymers comprising the microspheres. PMID- 3220839 TI - Influence of blood flow and the effect of protamine on the thromboresistant properties of a covalently bonded heparin surface. AB - Polyethylene tubings, 2-mm inner diameter and the length of 1 m, untreated or furnished with a covalently bonded heparin surface layer, were inserted as arteriovenous shunts bilaterally in dogs. By compressing the middle part, the initial blood flow was adjusted to 10 or 40 mL/min. The thrombogenicity of the tubings was assessed by the patency of the shunts and by assaying the generation of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) in arterial blood and in blood after its passage through the shunts. In untreated shunts clotting rapidly occurred preceded by high FPA generation in blood passing through the shunts. The blood flow in heparinized shunts remained unchanged throughout the test period. At the low flow rate a certain degree of FPA generation in the shunts occurred. At the high flow rate no changes in FPA levels occurred. The function of the heparin surface is thus flow rate dependent. Systematic heparinization and subsequent neutralization with protamine or administration of protamine alone did not interfere with the function of the heparin surface. PMID- 3220840 TI - Component wear of total knee prostheses using Ti-6A1-4V, titanium nitride coated Ti-6A1-4V, and cobalt-chromium-molybdenum femoral components. AB - A knee simulator was used to study the wear of carbon fiber reinforced UHMWPE (Poly Two) (Poly Two is a registered trademark of Zimmer, USA) tibial and patellar components against Ti-6A1-4V, titanium nitride (TiN)-coated Ti-6A1-4V, and cobalt-chromium-molybdenum femoral components. The prostheses tested were regular sized Miller-Galante total knees mounted on 316L stainless steel fixtures using bone cement. An environmental chamber surrounded the knee and maintained bovine serum lubricant at 37 degrees C. The specimens were tested using consecutive blocks of 464 level walking steps, 8 ascending stairs and 8 descending stairs for a total of 100,000 steps. The wear mechanisms found on the tibial components were scratching, carbon-fiber associated damage, surface deformation, pitting, minor abrasion, and delamination. Three forms of carbon fiber associated damage were identified; fibers pulled from the surface, broken fibers, and UHMWPE removed from the surface fibers. The SEM evaluation revealed a pit forming mechanism. No correlation was found between femoral component material and tibial surface damage. Visual examination of the femoral components revealed no signs of wear or scratching on the cobalt-chromium-molybdenum or TiN coated Ti-6A1-4V components. There were, however, many light surface scratches on the uncoated Ti-6A1-4V components, which were also observed in a supplementary test of an uncoated Ti-6A1-4V component tested with a conventional polyethylene tibial component. PMID- 3220841 TI - Cell growth on metallic glasses: the interaction of amorphous metal alloys with cultured neuronal, osteoblast, endothelial, and fibroblast cells. AB - Ferrous based, corrosion resistant amorphous alloys supported the adhesion and growth of cultured chick neuronal cells, human marrow stromal cells (presumptive osteoblasts), bovine aortal endothelial cells, and hamster kidney fibroblasts. Alloys of compositions Fe60Ni10Cr10P13C7, Fe70Cr10P13C7, and Fe70Cr10P13B7 were found to be suitable. In contrast the crystalline form of these alloys was markedly less effective. Outgrowth of neurites from neuronal cells was promoted by precoating the metal surface with either laminin or neurite promotion factor. The adhesion of osteoblasts and fibroblasts suggests that corrosion resistant metal glasses should be considered as biomaterials useful for orthopedic applications. The adhesion of neuronal cells accompanied by neurite outgrowth indicates that the system might provide a functional interface between the neuromuscular system and an electromagnetic material that could be useful in bionic engineering. PMID- 3220842 TI - Ultrathin coating of plasma polymer of methane applied on the surface of silicone contact lenses. AB - Silicone rubber has great advantages as a contact lens material because of its very high oxygen permeability, softness, and excellent mechanical strength and durability. Practical application is hampered by inherent characteristics of elastomers, i.e., high tackiness and highly hydrophobic surface properties. By applying a thin layer, e.g., 5 nm, of plasma polymer of methane, it was found that all these disadvantages can be eliminated without sacrificing high oxygen permeation rate, e.g., less than 15% reduction. Optimization of operational parameters to achieve this task has been investigated. It was also found that under optimum conditions the coating withstood severe and repeated flexing of the contact lens. PMID- 3220843 TI - Experimental implantation of hydrogel into the bone. AB - The present study deals with the application and possibilities of insoluble hydrophilic gels (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate] as substitutes of bone tissue experimentally. Their biocompatibility is examined with regard to the porous qualities of the implant and to its chemical structure, and their behavior in the cancellous and compact bone is evaluated. It was found that the modifications of hydrogels used in the experiment are biocompatible, with the compatibility increasing in proportion to increasing porosity. The nonporous and microporous hydrogels are not compatible and are demarcated. The sintered macroporous gel is surrounded by a thin fibrin membrane. By adding methacrylic acid to the hydrogel surface, adhesion increases markedly. Marked destruction also appears in the polymer especially in the cancellous bone. By an active destruction of the polymer, no direct phagocytosis can be proved. Upon breakdown of the implant in the compact bone the activity of the macrophages is delayed. When the gel without methacrylic acid is used alone, destruction does not occur even after 193 days. When methacrylic acid is added to the polymer surface, destruction does occur and the implant is filled only by bone trabeculae. PMID- 3220844 TI - Correlations between mouse 3T3 cell spreading and serum fibronectin adsorption on glass and hydroxyethylmethacrylate-ethylmethacrylate copolymers. AB - The interaction of cells with solid surfaces is important in many settings, including the response of tissue to implanted materials. Protein adsorption to the surface plays a critical role in controlling cell interactions with surfaces. However, few comprehensive studies of both cell behavior and protein adsorption in complex protein mixtures (e.g., serum) have been done so the connection between these events is not well understood. In particular, methods to systematically perturb both protein adsorption and cell behavior in order to understand their relationship have been lacking. To induce changes in cell and protein behavior, the effects of serum dilution and substrate surface chemistry were studied. Surface chemistry was varied by using a series of polymers and copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylmethacrylate (EMA) varying in their hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance. Large changes in cell spreading and fibronectin adsorption were observed when either serum concentration or polymer type was varied. The spreading of 3T3 cells in serum was found to be well correlated with the amount of fibronectin adsorption to the substrates. Attachment was not correlated with fibronectin adsorption, especially on glass preadsorbed with diluted serum. For 3T3 cells and perhaps other cells that have a receptor for a protein which is present in the medium, the amount of adsorption of this protein to the substrate appears to be a critical factor controlling cell interactions with the substrate. PMID- 3220845 TI - Blood compatibility of surfaces modified by plasma polymerization. AB - Tubular blood-contacting polymeric materials were modified by plasma polymerization and evaluated in the baboon with respect to their capacity to induce both acute and chronic arterial thrombosis. Polymer surface composition was determined by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Steady-state arterial thromboembolism was initiated by introducing tubular segments into chronic arteriovenous shunts. Rates of platelet destruction induced by the test materials were calculated from 111In-platelet survival measurements. Nine plasma polymers based on tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroethane, hexafluoroethane/H2, and methane, when deposited on silicone rubber, consumed platelets at rates ranging from 1.1-5.6 x 10(8) platelets/cm2-day. Since these values were near the lower detection limit for this test system, the plasma polymers were considered relatively nonthrombogenic. Acute thrombus formation was initiated by inserting expanded Teflon (Gore-Tex PTFE) vascular grafts into the shunt system. 111In platelet deposition was measured by scintillation camera imaging over a 1-h exposure period. Standard PTFE grafts (10 cm x 4 mm i.d.) accumulated approximately 1 x 10(10) platelets over this interval. While modification of PTFE grafts with a plasma polymer based on hexafluoroethane/H2 did not alter graft surface morphology, platelet deposition was reduced by 87% as compared to the controls (p less than 0.001). We conclude that both the surface chemistry and texture of prosthetic materials influence thrombogenesis. The method of plasma polymerization may be useful for assessing the importance of these variables independently and, perhaps, for minimizing certain adverse blood-material interactions. PMID- 3220846 TI - Anchoring endotracheal tubes in patients with facial burns. PMID- 3220847 TI - PT/OT abstracts needed. PMID- 3220848 TI - Hepatic and intestinal blood flow following thermal injury. AB - Because cardiac output decreases after burn injuries, investigators have assumed, based upon dye clearance techniques, that hepatic and intestinal blood flow are also decreased following these injuries. Blood flow to the liver, stomach, small intestine, and kidney was determined by the uptake of 201thallium and 125I labeled fatty acid (para-125I-phenyl-3-methyl pentanoic acid) in a 20% body surface area scald injury that also included plasma volume replacement resuscitation. Uptake of these radioisotopes was determined 15 minutes, 18 hours, and 72 hours after injury. The uptake of the 201thallium and 125I-labeled fatty acid by the gastrointestinal tissues was not statistically different at any of the time periods after comparison of the injured and control (sham-treated) animals. 201Thallium uptake by the kidney was significantly diminished 15 minutes after the burn injury (P less than 0.01). Based on these blood flow measurement techniques, the data suggest that the 20% body surface area scald injury did not alter blood flow to the liver or gastrointestinal tract within the initial 72 hours after the burn injury even though a decrease in renal blood flow was easily detected. These results suggest that the dysfunction of the gastrointestinal system or hepatic system observed after an acute burn injury is not simply the result of hypovolemic shock, which reduces both renal and mesenteric blood flow. These gastrointestinal and hepatic alterations may be related to a factor or factors other than intestinal ischemia. PMID- 3220849 TI - Thermal trauma and gastrointestinal function: III. Effect of hot- and cold-burn trauma on small intestinal weight and mucosal mass of mice. AB - The effect of hot- and cold-burn trauma on small intestinal mass in mice has been examined. Hot-burn but not cold-burn caused a significant reduction in the intestinal mass 24 hours after application of the trauma. These data may suggest that the alterations produced in the small intestine associated with hot-burn injury, are related, in part, to factors released from the skin. PMID- 3220850 TI - Burn-induced cosmetic disfigurement: can it be measured reliably? AB - Cosmetic disfigurement was measured reliably by averaging the ratings of four or more viewers of color slide photographs of severely burned children and young adults. Raters were clinical and nonclinical staff at a burn hospital. Reliability for four-person rating of overall cosmetic disfigurement (unclothed) was .94; for overall disfigurement (clothed) it was .86; for irregularity, thickness, and discoloration it was .78, .79, and .72, respectively. Profession, sex, and years of contact with burned patients did not influence inter-rater agreement. Any randomly selected panel of four raters produced reliable average ratings. The effect of impaired skin texture on overall ratings of cosmetic disfigurement (both clothed and unclothed) was three to five times as important as the effect of impaired color. Despite its subjectivity, cosmetic disfigurement can be measured reliably. This report describes a formal procedure for such measurement and discusses ways of using that procedure to improve patient care. PMID- 3220851 TI - Psychological stages in adaptation following burn injury: a method for facilitating psychological recovery of burn victims. AB - As a result of clinical observation of 444 patients hospitalized for treatment of acute burn injury at Humana Burn Center between July 1983 and October 1986, we have developed a seven-stage method of assessing and assisting the burn victim's psychological recovery. This method delineates the stages in the normal psychological healing process in burn victims and offers specific suggestions for staff interventions to assist the patient at each stage. This method can be utilized in an integrated fashion by all members of the multi-disciplinary burn team to expedite the patient's psychological recovery and to maximize his compliance with necessary treatment modalities. PMID- 3220852 TI - Fatal transcutaneous iron intoxication. AB - Accidental iron intoxication is one of the most serious and potentially fatal intoxications in young children. Occurrence in the adult population is rare and is usually associated with a suicide or homicide attempt. Heretofore, all reported cases have involved oral ingestion of ferrous and ferric salts of iron. In a case of fatal iron intoxication reported by Doolin and Drueck, in addition to swallowing a liquid form of ferrous chloride, the patient aspirated it and absorbed it through chemically burned and denuded areas of skin when he fell into a vat of saturated ferrous chloride at work. It is the purpose of this report to describe the first case of fatal iron intoxication in which the sole route of iron absorption was the burned skin. Clinical course of this patient paralleled that of acute oral iron intoxication with development of refractory acidosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, respiratory and renal failure, and sepsis. PMID- 3220853 TI - Appliance therapy for perioral electrical burns: a conservative approach. AB - Perioral burns are the most common electrical injury of childhood and may produce significant deformity. A study conducted between 1980 and 1983 of 15 patients with perioral electrical burns outlines the conservative, nonsurgical management of these injuries using burn appliance therapy. Final results--including lip length, scar appearance, vermilion quality, and lip roll--were assessed and compared to early and conservative excisional techniques. Burn appliance therapy results were equivalent to results of excisional techniques. Burn appliance therapy additionally preserved the potential for secondary cosmetic repair. Appliance therapy may therefore reduce the number of surgical revisions required to achieve an acceptable results with a concurrent decrease of in-patient hospital days and total patient cost. We believe that nonsurgical management of perioral burns with use of a burn appliance is the treatment of choice for these injuries. PMID- 3220854 TI - Efficacy of continuous passive motion (CPM) devices with hand burns. AB - Ten patients with bilateral (deep second-degree and/or third-degree) hand burns requiring excision and grafting were included in a prospective randomized study to evaluate the efficacy of continuous passive motion (CPM) with burned hands. The purpose of the study was to evaluate: 1) if CPM is a useful alternative to supervised OT/PT for burned hands; 2) which patient populations benefit from CPM intervention; 3) if CPM use has deleterious effects on new grafts; and 4) what effect CPM has on hand pain. Eight hands in the control group and eight hands in the experimental group regained normal total active motion (TAMs) in an average of nine days (range three to 22 days). Two hands with tendon involvement in each group remained impaired at discharge. No patients suffered graft loss attributable to range of motion. Both groups reported only minimal pain during exercise. PMID- 3220855 TI - Case report on the use of CPM on an electrical burn. PMID- 3220856 TI - A new hydrofitness device for strengthening muscles of the upper extremity. AB - A new hydrofitness device has been devised for strengthening upper extremity muscles during aquatic exercise. It consists of a molded plastic fenestrated outer shell with an inner rotating disc that can be easily adjusted to alter the surface area of its frontal presentation. By changing the surface area of its frontal presentation a graded, individualized exercise program can be prescribed. A buoyant foam disc has been incorporated into the device to prevent it from sinking to the bottom of the pool. On the basis of this evaluation, performance of this device was judged to be superior to that of other devices for strengthening upper extremity muscles during aquatic exercise. PMID- 3220857 TI - Evaluation of flotation devices for deep-water exercise. AB - Jogging and running in deep water (greater than or equal to 7 feet) appears to be a more efficient and safer means of aerobic exercise than jogging and running on land. Consequently, a variety of flotation devices have been developed to facilitate this deep-water exercise. A comprehensive evaluation of these devices revealed distinct performance limitations that interfered with this exercise. On the basis of the results of these studies, a new, improved flotation device has been conceptualized for individuals participating in deep-water exercise. PMID- 3220858 TI - Community reentry program. PMID- 3220859 TI - The rehabilitation nurse: an able, but often overlooked, member of the burn team. PMID- 3220860 TI - Children under age five and butane cigarette lighters. PMID- 3220861 TI - Protecting patients against adverse government intervention. PMID- 3220863 TI - Therapeutic HBO: help or hindrance in burn patients with CO poisoning? PMID- 3220862 TI - Assessment of nutritional status in burn patients. PMID- 3220864 TI - The suppressive effect of subeschar tissue fluid upon in vitro cell-mediated immunologic function. AB - Fluid administered during resuscitation translocates beneath the burn wound and is considered inert "third space" loss. This study was done to determine whether subeschar tissue fluid (STF) functions as an immunobiologic reservoir. Seven patients with a mean BSA burn of 55% underwent isotonic volume resuscitation and burn treatment with low penetration topical agents. STF was collected at the time of fascial excision. Chemical analysis of STF was similar to serum; bacterial cultures grew no organisms. Ten percent dilutions of STF and burn serum significantly blunted mitogen-induced blastogenic response compared to control serum. STF was significantly more suppressive than burn serum (P less than .03). CONCLUSIONS: 1. STF may act as both an immunologic barrier to microbial clearance in otherwise viable subcutaneous tissue and a reservoir for systemically reabsorbed immunosuppressive factors. 2. In addition to removing dead tissue, fascial excision may prove beneficial because it removes large amounts of immunosuppressive STF. PMID- 3220866 TI - Noncandidal, fungal infections of the burn wound. AB - Candidal (yeast) and noncandidal (filamentous fungal) wound infections have become an increasingly important cause of burn-associated morbidity and mortality. However, these two diseases differ markedly in their epidemiology, onset, appearance, diagnosis, and treatment. In the last four years, we have had five cases of noncandidal sepsis (four mucoraceae and one aspergillus) that are illustrative of these differences. Early recognition and diagnosis are essential. Radical excision when the infection is confined to superficial invasion of only one anatomic area is key to decreasing mortality from this lethal disease. PMID- 3220865 TI - The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in burn-induced myocardial contractile depression. AB - The release of oxygen free radicals from ischemic myocardium has been implicated as a causative factor of cardiac dysfunction after thermal injury. In this study, isolated coronary perfused guinea pig hearts were used to determine if free radical scavengers improve left ventricular (LV) intrinsic contractile response to burn shock. Parameters measured included peak isovolumic LV pressure (LVP) and maximal rate of LVP rise (+dP/dtmax) and fall (-dP/dtmax) at a constant preload. Control animals were immersed in body temperature water and divided into four groups: Group 1, untreated N = 10; Group 2, control animals treated with unbound superoxide dismutase (SOD), N = 5; Group 3, control animals treated with ficoll SOD, N = 5; and Group 4, control animals treated with PEG-SOD, N = 5. Scald burn equivalent to 45% of total body surface area was produced in 64 animals. Fluid resuscitation was initiated immediately after burn in all animals, and animals were then divided into seven burn experimental groups. In Group 5, 10 animals were treated with fluid alone, lactated Ringer's, 4 mL/kg/% burn. Burned animals in Group 6 (N = 10) received a reduced volume of Ringer's 2 mL/kg/% burn plus unbound-SOD, 50 mg/kg; 10 animals in Group 7 received this volume of Ringer's plus ficoll-SOD, 50 mg/kg. In groups 8, 9, and 10 animals were given fluid, lactated Ringer's, 2 mL/kg/% burn plus varying doses of PEG-SOD (Group 8: N = 9, 1,000 U; Group 9: N = 10, 6,000 U; Group 10: N = 5, 12,000 U). In Group 11 (N = 10), animals received SOD-PEG, 6,000 U, plus catalase, CAT-PEG, 6,000 U, given with 4 mL/kg/% burn lactated Ringer's solution. Hypotension, hypothermia, and hemoconcentration were similar in all animals after thermal injury, regardless of treatment regimen. Burn hearts showed significantly lower LVP, +dP/dt max, and dP/dt max than control hearts (P less than 0.05). Compared to controls, coronary pressure and coronary vascular resistance were significantly higher in all treated burn groups. There was no significant difference in heart rate or time to peak pressure or time to maximal contraction or relaxation among the groups. Left ventricular function curves for burned hearts were shifted downward and to the right of curves obtained from control hearts (P less than 0.01), regardless of scavenger treatment. PEG-SOD, 6,000 U, improved left ventricular contractility (+dP/dt) at maximal levels of end-diastolic pressure but deficits in left ventricular pressure and relaxation persisted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3220867 TI - Leukopenia in non-septic burn patients receiving topical 1% silver sulfadiazine cream therapy: a survey. AB - The cause of early postburn leukopenia (EPBL) is unknown. The evidence suggests that treating burn wounds with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream (SSD) is contributory, but that other factors exist, possibly including burn stress. Differences of opinion exist as to whether SSD applications to the wounds of non septic burn patients should be discontinued if EPBL develops. A survey of opinion in 101 North American burn treatment facilities and a review of the literature show a strengthening of the perception that EPBL, whether caused by SSD or not, holds little risk for the burn patient. The majority of burn patients are now being assigned to treatment strategies in which the onset of EPBL requires discontinuance of SSD only at WBC counts lower than 2,000/cu mm or not at all. This is significantly lower (p less than .02) than the mean of the values recorded in the literature. There is now substantial experience with continuing the SSD therapy in this setting regardless of the WBC count. No complications are reported therefrom. PMID- 3220868 TI - The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a burn center. AB - The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a critical care facility creates a multifaceted epidemiological problem in uncovering the source of infection. This study was undertaken to determine the true etiology of MRSA burn wound infections. Patients with a 30% or greater TBSA burn had both burned and unburned skin surface cultured upon admission, using RODAC plates. All other body fluids were cultured when sepsis was suspected. Admission cultures of 14 patients who developed MRSA wound infections were examined for methicillin resistant organisms. Both admission isolates and infection isolates were compared by antibiogram analysis. Of the 14 patients admitted who developed MRSA infections, 57.1% of these had methicillin-resistant staphylococci present on admission. However, the remaining 42.9% of the patients had methicillin sensitive, B-lactamase positive staphylococci present on admission. Isolates of group D streptococci resistant to methicillin were isolated in 35.7% of the patients. This data suggests that burn wound infections caused by MRSA very likely arise from the endogenous flora present at the time of injury through conferring the resistant plasmid by conjugational transfer. PMID- 3220869 TI - Use of nonsterile gloves for routine noninvasive procedures in thermally injured patients. AB - A total of 26 boxes of gloves were analyzed to determine if using nonsterile gloves for routine noninvasive procedures was sufficient for thermally injured patients and if the risk of infection increased. All of the study boxes had some organism present on or in the used box; the most common type found was Staphylococcus aureus. Eleven of the 13 subjects (85%) had specific antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus present on cultures obtained from open wounds. Seven (64%) of these corresponded to the glove boxes assigned to that patient. The remaining four boxes of gloves had no S. aureus present. In all of the boxes of gloves that had positive S. aureus cultures, 100% of the resistant strains occurred after it was first cultured from the patient. As a result, nonsterile gloves can be used safely for routine non-invasive procedures in the thermally injured patient. It is imperative to avoid using a common box of gloves for two or more patients to prevent the transfer of organisms between patients. PMID- 3220870 TI - Evaluation of burn discharge teaching. AB - In order to facilitate excellent comprehensive burn care for patients discharged from our burn center, we instituted a study to determine the quality of our discharge teaching program. As a result of high census and high acuity levels, our burn center transfers patients with smaller burns to adult and pediatric surgical floors. Thus, nurses with less expertise in burn nursing techniques provide care to these patients. In an effort to evaluate the quality of discharge teaching provided to patients discharged from the Burn Intensive Care Unit (BICU), pediatric, and surgical step-down units, we developed a questionnaire to be completed at their first clinic visit. After consideration of these preliminary results, an education program was developed to improve discharge teaching techniques for nurses caring for burn patients in stepdown areas. PMID- 3220871 TI - An outreach burn prevention program for home care patients. AB - Residential fires are the major cause of death from fires and burns in the United States, accounting for nearly two-thirds of annual fatalities. High-risk groups are more accessible now to burn prevention programs because of increasing home health care. Our burn prevention program, directed at homebound patients cared for by our hospital-based home care staff, combines fire safety education and smoke detector installation for this designated high-risk population. The combining of home health care with burn prevention activities has proven to be an effective means of reaching thousands of high-risk homes per year. We believe this approach would be equally effective in other areas. PMID- 3220872 TI - Fire prevention for teenage mothers enrolled in high school. AB - A fire prevention/burn education program has been developed, presented, and evaluated. The program was presented to teenage students in four inner city high schools who were also the parents of infants and toddlers. The program was judged to be effective based on testing results, classroom teacher response, and school administration endorsement. PMID- 3220873 TI - Puppets for Prevention: "playing safe is playing smart". AB - Successful use of puppetry for education of children is well documented in literature. However, in this age of mechanically animated toys and sophisticated children, we have matched realism with an element of high technology for optimal learning experience. This 15-minute video is the basis for a burn prevention and education program entitled "Puppets for Prevention." The video is a creative and lively discussion between two puppets. The dialogue is delivered in a manner that is not threatening. It covers the child's hospitalization, types of burns and how they heal, feelings on scarring and returning to school as well as the conventional preventive measures. The realism in the video comes from the puppets, which have been specially constructed to teach children about burns, skin grafts, donor sites, and rehabilitative garments. High technology comes from the use of the puppets' pretaped accounts incorporated with the actual puppet show creating a completely integrated presentation. Initial response has been overwhelmingly positive. Our survey of one control group one week after viewing the puppet show demonstrated that all found it favorable. Forty percent remembered basic first aid and 65% mentioned significant points of the presentation. We plan to continue ongoing evaluations with the estimated 1,500 children who will view our program this school year. PMID- 3220874 TI - A new alternative in burn reconstruction: the muscle vascularized pedicle flap. AB - A technique is presented that revascularizes a portion of skin and subcutaneous tissue by the implantation of a vascular pedicle surrounded by a small amount of muscle. The muscle vascularized pedicle flap technique allows one to select a skin territory and convert it into a free flap donor site as long as it is within the arc of rotation of a major vascular pedicle. The vascular pedicle and small portion of muscle is simply sutured to a sequentially delayed skin flap. After approximately two or three weeks the newly revascularized skin and subcutaneous tissue is transferred as a conventional free flap. The main advantage is that of freeing the reconstructive surgeon from the anatomical landmarks of the conventional free flap areas. In addition, one can fashion a very thin flap to fit the defect exactly. Illustrative cases are presented. PMID- 3220875 TI - A new instrument for serial measurements of elasticity in hypertrophic scar. AB - The "elastometer," a hand-held device, was designed and constructed to permit noninvasive quantification of the elastic properties of normal skin or hypertrophic scar. The instrument utilizes a constant-tension spring and a sensitive strain gauge to distract two loci of skin. Normal skin from 15 dogs was measured in vivo with the elastometer and in vitro using standard tensometry. The results correlated significantly by regression analysis (r = .87, p less than .01, 1/Young's Modulus of Elasticity v percent stretch in vivo). Normal dorsal hand skin was tested elastometrically in six volunteers of both sexes. Values (units: percent stretch) ranged from 29 to 43 with a small standard error (+/- 4%). In nine patients with hypertrophic burn scars, the mean percent stretch was 16.2 +/- 1.8 v 37.9 +/- 6.5 in the mirror-image normal skin. There was no overlap between the two groups. There was a trend towards higher values in older scars. Elastometric measurements have increased appreciably in some burn scars undergoing treatment. The elastometer should be useful in documenting objectively the spontaneous maturation of burn scars and/or their response to treatment. PMID- 3220876 TI - Long-term psychosocial adjustment following burn injury. AB - Young adult survivors of severe childhood burn injuries were assessed for indicators of psychopathology and for factors that might enhance psychosocial adjustment. The results describe this group of burn victims as young people of average intelligence, still in school or otherwise employed and within normal limits on the measures of psychological adjustment. Some individuals, however, did evidence significant indicators of psychological disturbance. The only factors identified as significantly differentiating the most obviously disturbed subjects from the better-adjusted or well-adjusted victims were the perceptions held by those subjects that their families are less cohesive and less independent. These results emphasize the need to promote the familial support system and to encourage the values of autonomy and self-sufficiency. The results also affirm that severely injured burn victims can be expected to develop acceptably happy lives. PMID- 3220877 TI - Structured exercise circuit program for burn patients. AB - A 10-station structured exercise circuit was developed for burn patients. This conditioning program was designed to accelerate overall functional mobility. The effectiveness of this structured exercise program (SEP) was examined with respect to length of hospitalization, number of outpatient occupational/physical therapy visits required over a three-month period following discharge, and number of days required to return to work post-discharge. Results showed no change in hospitalization. There was, however, a significant decrease in the number of outpatient therapy visits required post-discharge and an earlier return to work date for those patients enrolled in the SEP. PMID- 3220878 TI - Erythrocytes attached to a wheat germ agglutinin coated surface display an altered phospholipid metabolism. AB - Erythrocytes were bound to a lectin-coated surface; the multivalent attachment to this surface resulted in a severe deformation of the cells and an alteration in the cellular phospholipid metabolism. Human erythrocytes were allowed to bind for 20 min at 20 degrees C to polystyrene beads coated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA beads). The bound erythrocytes were then lysed to produce stroma bound to WGA beads. Control stroma and stroma-WGA beads were incubated at 37 degrees C with gamma-32P-ATP to examine the phospholipid labeling patterns. The control stroma incorporated 32P-label into phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, in agreement with earlier studies. However, the stroma-WGA beads showed incorporation of 32P-label into phosphatidic acid in addition to that in the phosphoinositides. The quantity of 32P phosphatidic acid produced during the 20-min assay was 3.23 +/- 0.84 (n = 7) picomoles/micrograms stromal cholesterol; the amount synthesized, however, was dependent on the procedure used to prepare the stroma-WGA beads. If the erythrocytes were bound to the WGA beads at 0 degrees C instead of 20 degrees C, the quantity of 32P-phosphatidic acid produced during the subsequent 37 degrees C assay with gamma-32P-ATP was decreased 4.2 fold; the phosphoinositide labeling pattern was unchanged. In addition, when the time for binding of intact erythrocytes to the WGA beads was varied from 1 to 20 minutes, there was a time dependent increase in the amount of 32P-phosphatidic acid produced. This induction of phosphatidic acid synthesis could not be duplicated with fluid phase WGA. Therefore, the multivalent binding of intact erythrocytes to WGA beads causes an alteration in phospholipid metabolism. PMID- 3220879 TI - Respiration supported nitrogenase activity of isolated Rhizobium meliloti bacteroids. AB - Bacteroids having a high level of respiration-supported nitrogenase activity were isolated from nitrogen-fixing alfalfa root nodules. Gentle maceration under anaerobic conditions in the presence of sodium succinate and a fatty acid scavenging agent were employed in this method. A large proportion of isolated bacteroids retained a triple membrane structure as shown by transmission electron microscopy. Dicarboxylic acids of the TCA cycle (malate, fumarate, succinate), but not glutamate or aspartate, supported sufficient respiratory activity to supply the nitrogenase system with ATP and reducing equivalents and to protect the nitrogenase system from inactivation by 4% oxygen over a period of 20-30 min. Sugars did not support nitrogenase activity in intact bacteroids. The properties of the isolated bacteroids were ascribed to minimal damage to the cytoplasmic membrane and peribacteroidal membrane during isolation. With succinate as substrate and oxygen as terminal electron acceptor, initial nitrogenase activity was determined at 4% oxygen in the gas phase of the assay system employed. At this oxygen concentration, the sustained rate of acetylene reduction by respiring bacteroids was linear up to 30 min. Bacteroid activity declined rapidly with time of exposure to oxygen above 4% in the gas phase. The optimum temperature range for this activity was 10-20 degrees C. Nitrogenase activity was measurable at incubation temperatures below 10 degrees C under 4% oxygen. Functionally intact bacteroids had little nitrogenase activity under anaerobic conditions in the presence of an external source of ATP and reductant. Treatment of the bacteroids with chlorpromazine eliminated respiration-supported activity and rendered the bacteroid cell membrane permeable to external ATP. Bacteroids treated with chlorpromazine had high acetylene reducing activity with external ATP and dithionite in the absence of oxygen. PMID- 3220880 TI - Oligosaccharide heterogeneity of glycoproteins sulfated during the vegetative growth of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Macromolecules are sulfated during the vegetative growth of Dictyostelium discoideum. A characterisation of the structures of sulfated oligosaccharides associated with these macromolecules indicates that the oligosaccharides are heterogeneous. Endoglycosidase and pronase digestion were used with gel filtration chromatography to obtain two different oligosaccharide fractions and a glycopeptide fraction; these were further characterised by ion-exchange and lectin-affinity chromatography and by acid hydrolysis. The data indicate that up to 43% of the sulfate is associated with typical N-linked oligosaccharides, that up to 5% is associated with N-linked oligosaccharides that are either very large or extremely highly charged, and that the remaining sulfate is associated with oligosaccharides non-N-linked to protein. Each fraction was also shown to be heterogeneous at most other structural levels. Electrophoretic analyses following the endoglycosidase and pronase treatments indicated that all of the macromolecules are glycoproteins and suggested further that at least two of the oligosaccharide fractions are located on different groups of glycoproteins. PMID- 3220882 TI - Separation of transcobalamin II isoproteins by means of chromatofocusing. AB - Transcobalamin II, the principal cobalamin-binding protein in human plasma, expresses a genetic polymorphism. Four more or less common alleles, denoted by X, S, M and F, have been defined earlier by means of gel electrophoretic techniques followed by autoradiography. This technique is less suitable for the analysis of individual samples and requires long exposure times. This paper describes the analysis of transcobalamin II phenotypes by means of fast protein liquid chromatofocusing. This technique has the advantage that the results of the analysis of several samples can be obtained within a day, and it also seems applicable to the preparative separation of transcobalamin II isoproteins. The sequence of elution of the isoproteins was in complete accordance with the banding pattern obtained by electrophoretic separation. The characteristic doublet bands found with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were less obvious in the chromatofocusing elution pattern. PMID- 3220881 TI - Analysis of lung air from patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and controls using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Volatile metabolites present in expired lung air were collected by odor sampling techniques and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The study population included controls matched for age and smoking history with patients newly diagnosed with lung carcinoma. Significantly greater concentrations of o toluidine were found in the lung air of patients with lung carcinoma than either age-matched or younger controls. Aniline was present in half of the patient population but absent in age-matched controls. PMID- 3220883 TI - Column-based separation of erythrocytes using aqueous polymeric two-phase systems. AB - Cell separation using aqueous polymeric two-phase systems is well established. For separations of cells having similar partition coefficients a multi-step counter-current distribution procedure has been used. As an alternative strategy, we have developed a column-based technique in which the dextran-rich phase of a dextran-polyethylene glycol (PEG) phase system is immobilized onto derivatized chromatography beads. The PEG-rich phase is used as the eluent. A separation of erythrocytes from different species utilizing an affinity ligand was performed. The following behaviour was observed: (i) no elution occurs below a critical affinity ligand concentration; (ii) cell recovery is proportional to affinity ligand concentration; (iii) elution volume is independent of affinity ligand concentration. The above suggest that no multi-step partitioning occurs. However, the separation achieved is considerably better than in a corresponding single tube separation. A 1:1 mixture of dog and human erythrocytes was separated to a purity of greater than 98% using the column-based technique. The corresponding optimized single-tube separation gave a maximum purity of 84%. PMID- 3220884 TI - Identification of 3-oxodicarboxylic acids in human urine. AB - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been used to detect a series of 3 oxodicarboxylic acids in human urine as their corresponding dimethyl ester trimethylsilyl enol ethers. 3-Oxohexanedioic acid, 3-oxooctanedioic acid and 3 oxodecanedioic acid were demonstrated to be normal urine constituents. Increased amounts of these acids were excreted after ingestion of decanedioic acid. These findings support the hypothesis that dicarboxylic acids are degraded by ordinary beta-oxidation. PMID- 3220885 TI - Determination of clebopride in plasma by capillary gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - A procedure for the analysis of clebopride in plasma using capillary gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry has been developed. Employing an ethoxy analogue as internal standard, the two compounds were extracted from basified plasma using dichloromethane. Subsequent reaction with heptafluorobutyryl imidazole produced volatile monoheptafluorobutyryl derivatives whose ammonia negative-ion mass spectra proved ideal for selected-ion monitoring. The recovery of clebopride from plasma at 0.536 nmol/l was found to be 85.5 +/- 0.9% (n = 3) whilst measurement down to 0.268 nmol/l was possible with a coefficient of variation of 7.9%. Plasma levels of the compound are reported in two volunteers following ingestion of 1 mg of clebopride as the malate salt. PMID- 3220886 TI - Determination of clonidine in human plasma by cold on-column injection capillary gas chromatography-selected-ion monitoring-mass spectrometry. AB - Clonidine [Catapres, 2-(2,6-dichlorophenylimino)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride], a potent, antihypertensive drug, given in a dosage of 0.1-0.3 mg, yields plasma levels in the ng/ml to pg/ml range. A method for the determination of clonidine from human plasma was developed, which includes a simple, one-step solvent extraction followed by a one-step derivatization with N-methyl-N-(tert. butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide to form a tert.-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivative. Levels of clonidine (TBDMS) were determined by cold on-column injection capillary gas chromatography-selected-ion monitoring-mass spectrometry. Precision of the method at the 1 ng/ml level was +/- 2.4%. PMID- 3220887 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the quantitation of cantharidin in human serum. AB - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method utilising single-ion monitoring at a resolution of 3000 to quantitate cantharidin in post-mortem serum is described. Serum was acidified, extracted with toluene, and 1 microliter of the toluene extract subjected to GC-MS analysis. Clofibrate was used as internal standard. The method displayed a high degree of specificity and was accurate and precise, with a linear response in the concentration range 15-150 ng/ml. A cantharidin concentration of 72.3 ng/ml was found in the post-mortem serum. PMID- 3220889 TI - Determination of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with high-resolution selected-ion monitoring. AB - A method for determining 17-hydroxyprogesterone in plasma by isotope dilution mass spectrometry is described. For the internal standard 17-hydroxy [2H4]progesterone is used. Extraction of plasma is followed by conversion into the 3,20-dienol,17-tristrimethylsilyl ether derivative and analysis by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring, at a resolution of 6000. The lower limit of quantitation was 1 pg, judged from a criterion of a signal-to-noise ratio of 10. The precision and accuracy of the method were satisfactory. PMID- 3220888 TI - Isolation of basic drugs from plasma using solid-phase extraction with a cyanopropyl-bonded phase. AB - The use of a CN sorbent for the isolation of basic compounds from plasma is described. Adsorption from water and plasma was investigated for a test set of 30 basic drugs. It was found that compounds with a carbon chain length greater than or equal to 11 are totally retained and that the competitive effect of the matrix on the adsorption is minimal. Methanol-phosphate buffer (pH 3, mu = 0.05) (50:50) yielded good recoveries for more polar compounds; apolar basic drugs can be efficiently eluted using methanol containing 0.1% propylamine. Water up to 3 ml can be used for the washing step. This approach was applied to the determination of eight drugs in plasma at therapeutic levels. The absolute recoveries (n = 6) obtained were 98.8 +/- 7.3% for papaverine, 82.3 +/- 3.9% for practolol, 83.4 +/- 2.6% for metoclopramide, 87.3 +/- 5.8% for imipramine, 82.8 +/- 3.3% for procaine, 82.7 +/- 4.6% for morphine, 87.5 +/- 7.2% for propranolol and 90.4 +/- 6.2% for yohimbine. PMID- 3220890 TI - Rapid method for the determination and quantification of bromosulphophthalein and metabolites in cultured hepatocytes, culture media and bile by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - An ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the rapid, selective and sensitive analysis of samples containing bromosulphophthalein (BSP) and its conjugates is presented. The method is useful for analysis in bile, culture media and cultured hepatocytes. Two sample preparation methods are described. Even though BSP recovery from albumin binding is complete, only a small percentage of free BSP can be detected in cells, possibly owing to a conjugation-related pool of BSP in cells. As BSP-glutathione recovery is complete, the method offers a useful tool to investigate impairment of glutathione conjugation. PMID- 3220891 TI - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the quantification of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-bromouracil in plasma. AB - A sensitive and specific procedure using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the quantification of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BUdR) and 5-bromouracil (BU) in plasma. BUdR and BU were first extracted with a mixture of ethyl acetate and 2-propanol from plasma presaturated with solid ammonium sulfate. Following evaporation of the organic extract, the remaining residue was reconstituted in saturated ammonium sulfate solution, washed with a mixture of n pentane-methylene chloride and re-extracted with the original solvent mixture. The organic extract was evaporated, reconstituted in mobile phase and chromatographed on a regular-bore ODS HPLC column using ultraviolet absorbance detection. The BUdR and BU quantification limits were both 0.1 microM, the mean intra-assay coefficients of variation were 5.0 and 5.6%, respectively, and the mean inter-assay coefficients of variation were 5.4 and 10.7%, respectively. This method was used to determine steady-state femoral arterial and hepatic venous plasma concentrations of BUdR and BU in a patient receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of BUdR (20 mg/kg per day). PMID- 3220892 TI - Determination of bromhexine in plasma by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Interference of lipoproteins on extraction. AB - Extraction of the hydrophobic tertiary amine bromhexine from plasma using cyclohexane-heptafluorobutanol (99.5:0.5, v/v) was studied at different pH values. The extraction yield from buffer solutions was quantitative at pH greater than 4.1, but from plasma the extraction yield decreased with increasing pH. Furthermore, at pH 8.4 the extraction yield varied greatly (56-99%) in different human plasma. The addition of lipoproteins to phosphate buffer, at pH 8.1, decreased the extraction yields considerably. Quantitative extraction from plasma was obtained by using a very long extraction time at pH 8.4 or by decreasing the pH to 5.4. The chromatographic system consisted of a reversed-phase column (Nucleosil C18, 5 microns) with an acidic mobile phase (methanol-phosphate buffer, pH 2) containing an aliphatic tertiary amine. UV detection at 308 or 254 nm was used. The limit of quantitation was 5 ng/ml using 3.00 ml of plasma and detection at 254 nm. The intra-assay precision for bromhexine was better than 3.6% at 5 ng/ml. PMID- 3220893 TI - Determination of atenolol in plasma by dual-column liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection. AB - A simple and rapid liquid chromatographic method for the determination of atenolol in plasma is described. Plasma proteins were precipitated with zinc sulphate and sodium hydroxide prior to injection onto a precolumn, which was connected to the analytical column by a switching valve. When atenolol was eluted onto the analytical column, the precolumn was cleaned by backflushing to eliminate strongly retained endogenous compounds. The atenolol fluorescence was measured after excitation at 197 nm. The limit of quantitation in plasma was 15 ng/ml. The within-day precision of atenolol was 1.6% at a level of 210 ng/ml, 5.0% at 25 ng/ml and the between-day precision was 3.3% at 50 ng/ml. PMID- 3220894 TI - Method of measurement of urinary homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry suitable for neuroblastoma screening. PMID- 3220895 TI - Mass spectrometric analysis of endogenous diacylglycerols in normal and psoriatic skin. PMID- 3220896 TI - Gas chromatographic and mass spectral study of betamethasone synthetic corticosteroid metabolism. PMID- 3220897 TI - Gas chromatographic quantification of underivatized amphetamine in whole blood. Blood stored in plastic containers--a source of error. PMID- 3220899 TI - A specific reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for analysis of steroids in Y-1 adrenal cell cultures. PMID- 3220898 TI - Simple method for rapid quantification of branched-chain 2-oxo acids in physiological fluids as quinoxalinol derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3220901 TI - Estimation of tetrahydrobiopterin and other pterins in plasma by isocratic liquid chromatography with electrochemical and fluorimetric detection. PMID- 3220900 TI - Simultaneous determination of histidine-containing dipeptides, histamine, methylhistamine and histidine by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3220902 TI - Gas chromatographic assay for dextromoramide in human plasma. PMID- 3220903 TI - Determination of maprotiline and desmethylmaprotiline in plasma and urine by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. PMID- 3220905 TI - Stability of 5-aminosalicylic acid and 5-acetylaminosalicylic acid in plasma. PMID- 3220904 TI - Determination of diaziridinyl-3,6-bis(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,4-benzoquinone in plasma by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3220906 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic quantitation of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in dialysate from plasma or serum using on-line solid-phase extraction. PMID- 3220908 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of chemical convulsant pentylenetetrazol in rat serum, cerebrospinal fluid and brain. PMID- 3220907 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of glyoxylic acid in urine. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of urinary glyoxylic acid is proposed. The system is based on the precolumn derivatization of alpha-keto acids by means of phenylhydrazine, separation of the phenylhydrazone formed by HPLC and spectrophotometric detection at 324 nm. The method is precise and allows the determination of 0.5 mumol/l glyoxylate. The poor stability of glyoxylate under all conventional preservation conditions requires the analysis to be carried out as soon as possible after urine collection. Results of determinations on urine samples from healthy controls and from patients with idiopathic calcium stone disease and type I primary hyperoxaluria are reported. PMID- 3220909 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection of dazmegrel, a specific thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor. PMID- 3220910 TI - Determination of oxytetracycline in fish by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3220911 TI - Comparison of flow-injection analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of etoposide in plasma. PMID- 3220912 TI - Thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection for the determination of tetrodotoxin in biological fluids. PMID- 3220913 TI - [Determination of cefaloglycine and cefroxadin in biological media with thin layer chromatography with fluorometric detection]. PMID- 3220914 TI - Simultaneous assay for individual sulphated 3 alpha- and beta-hydroxysteroids in serum using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with 3 alpha- and beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases immobilized on one column. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of individual sulphated 3 alpha- and beta-hydroxysteroids in serum using 3 alpha- and beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3 alpha-HSD and beta-HSD, respectively) immobilized on one column and a fluorimeter to detect the resulting NAD+ to NADH transformation is described. Individual sulphated 3 alpha- and beta hydroxysteroids in serum are extracted with ethanol, solvolysed with sulphuric acid in ethyl acetate and then separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The hydroxysteroids thus separated are subsequently mixed with NAD+ and then passed through the column in which the following catalytic reaction occurs: (formula, see text) The detection limits are as low as 0.5-1.0 microgram/dl for sulphated 3 alpha- or beta-hydroxysteroids in serum. The present assay method is highly specific, reliable and reproducible and is thus applicable to a clinical study on the metabolism of sulphated 3 alpha- and beta hydroxysteroids in patients with adrenal or gonadal diseases. PMID- 3220915 TI - Investigations into lactoperoxidase-catalysed bromination of tyrosine and thyroglobulin. AB - Thyroid peroxidase and lactoperoxidase are capable of producing oxidized bromine species. Thus investigations into bromination reactions with tyrosine and thyroglobulin were undertaken in order to gain insight into possible formation of brominated thyroid hormone analogues. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the separation of bromine/iodine substituted tyrosines and used as a basis for these investigations combined with ultraviolet absorption and electrochemical detection. The results indicate that in vivo bromination of tyrosyl residues in thyroglobulin might be of some importance in cases of either iodine deficiency or excessive bromide intake. PMID- 3220916 TI - Determination of cysteine, glutathione and N-acetylcysteine in plasma by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography and post-column derivatization. AB - The thiol and oxidized forms of cysteine, glutathione and N-acetylcysteine in plasma were determined by ion-pair liquid chromatography and post-column derivatization. The thiol forms were measured after direct injection of deproteinized plasma. The oxidized forms, present either as a dimer or oxidized with other small thiols, were assayed in deproteinized plasma after reduction with dithiothreitol. The total amounts, including the fraction bound to plasma proteins via disulphide bonds, were determined after reductive cleavage in plasma with dithiothreitol. The compounds were separated by ion-pair liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase column (C18) and were detected by fluorimetry after post-column derivatization. The endogenous plasma levels of all forms of cysteine, glutathione and N-acetylcysteine, except for the thiol form of N acetylcysteine, were above the quantification limits. The quantification limit of N-acetylcysteine as a thiol, was 0.15 microM. The precision was better than 12% for the endogenous concentrations. PMID- 3220919 TI - Second International Symposium on Preparative and Up-Scale Liquid Chromatography. Baden-Baden (F.R.G.), February 1-3, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3220917 TI - Comparative chromatographic study of modifications of brush-border membrane vesicles induced by an essential fatty acid-deficient diet. AB - The surface properties of small intestine brush-border membranes (BBMs) were examined by frontal affinity chromatography using three types of unsolubilized ligands: phlorizin polymer, immobilized lectins and linolenic acid bound to agarose gel. BBM vesicles were purified from piglets fed a corn oil diet (control diet) or a hydrogenated coconut oil diet. The second diet was representative of a deficient supply of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (EPUFA). It induced a marked decrease in 18:2n-6 content in membrane choline phosphoglycerides and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides, whereas 20:3n-9 appeared in each class of phospholipids. Control and EPUFA-deprived BBM vesicles bound to phlorizin polymer, linolenic acid-agarose and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) gel. In contrast, concanavalin A gel and Lens culinaris A gel exhibited a low binding capacity towards the two types of vesicles. EPUFA deficiency induced a slight decrease in binding on phlorizin polymer and a marked increase in binding on WGA gel, whereas the two types of vesicles similarly bound to linolenic acid-agarose. Desorption of phlorizin polymer-bound membranes was performed using several detergents with special regard to sodium deoxycholate (NaDOC) micelles. Sucrase activity recovery showed that the efficiency of NaDOC desorption was diminished in the case of EPUFA-deprived vesicles. EPUFA-deprived membrane domains involved in the binding would be less sensitive to the detergent attack. This assumption agrees with the putative decrease in membrane fluidity induced by the deficient diet. The possibility that fatty acid compositional changes induced by dietary lipids are extensive enough to alter some chromatographic properties of BBM vesicles is discussed. PMID- 3220918 TI - Affinity purification of human plasma fibronectin on immobilized gelatin. AB - Several problems are associated with the biospecific affinity purification of plasma fibronectin on gelatin-Sepharose. Large-scale development of this purification procedure requires optimization of adsorption and elution conditions. The adsorption capacity depends on the amount of gelatin coupled to the Sepharose, the residence time, the temperature and the amount of fibronectin loaded on the adsorbent. Elution of adsorbed fibronectin with 3 M urea leads to incomplete recovery. The elution yield was found to vary with both the gelatin concentration and the amount of adsorbed fibronectin. Despite the incomplete elution, the adsorption capacity did not decrease after twelve consecutive isolation procedures. Under optimized conditions, the method described here provides a rapid, single-step and convenient way for the isolation of pure and functional fibronectin, either for analytical or large-scale preparative purposes. PMID- 3220920 TI - Isolation of gentamicin C compounds from culture filtrates of Micromonospora purpurea. AB - A liquid chromatographic method was developed for the isolation of gentamicin C compounds from commercial fermentation products in order to monitor health hazards (oto- and nephrotoxicity). Chromatography was carried out on silica gel 60 (15-40 microns) with a medium-pressure chromatographic system, employing methanol-25% ammonia solution (85:15, v/v) and methanol-chloroform-25% ammonia solution (20:10:5, v/v) as mobile phases. The eluted fractions were neutralized with 1.0 M hydrochloric acid, concentrated in vacuo and desalted by gel filtration. It was possible to demonstrate by 1H NMR spectroscopy and high performance liquid and thin-layer chromatography that the separated fractions contained components C1, C1a and C2 in purities of more than 95%. PMID- 3220921 TI - Purification of specific heterologous F(ab)2 fragments with DEAE-Zeta-Prep cartridges for ion-exchange chromatography. AB - A simple two-step procedure for purifying F(ab)2 fragments of horse immunoglobulins is described. In the first step, the horse plasma is diluted, made up to 12% (w/v) with ammonium sulphate and digested with pepsin. In the second step, the previously dialyzed solution is chromatographed. Instead of a normal ion-exchange resin, a DEAE-cellulose, covalently linked to a synthetic vinyl polymer, was used (DEAE-Zeta-Prep). With this assembly it is possible to perform chromatography at a high flow-rate without the problems related to the use of large columns. The yield and purity of the final product are satisfactory. This method has been scaled up for industrial application. PMID- 3220922 TI - Isolation of biologically active plant constituents by liquid chromatography. AB - Strategies are outlined for the separation of biologically active products of plant origin. The techniques involved include low-pressure liquid chromatography, semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, flash chromatography and droplet counter-current chromatography. Their application to the isolation of compounds from Sesamum angolense (Pedaliaceae), Psorospermum febrifugum (Guttiferae) and Cordia goetzei (Boraginaceae) is described. PMID- 3220923 TI - Acid hydrolysis of serum samples to increase detection of HIV antigen. AB - Sera from 32 HIV-infected patients and 20 controls were assayed for HIV antigen (HIV-Ag) and antibodies following acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis, followed by neutralization immediately prior to the assay, was found to be a simple means to solubilize immune complexes and allowed recovery of 40-50% of complexed antigen. Following acid hydrolysis, HIV-Ag levels rose or became detectable in 22/32 patients and HIV IgG1-4 levels rose in 17/20 patients studied. The results show that complexed HIV-Ag may evade detection in HIV-infected patients. PMID- 3220924 TI - Pipetting errors in viral titrations: a useful approach. AB - A simple recursive formula, which yields an estimate for the statistical error resulting from pipetting errors accumulated throughout a dilution procedure, is described. Its influence on the variance of the end-point titre estimate is then inferred. PMID- 3220925 TI - Detection of cell surface rubella virus antigens in Vero cells with Staphylococcus aureus rich in protein A. AB - The presence of cell surface rubella antigen was used to verify and monitor viral replication in Vero cell monolayers. Viral antigen was observed in infected cells by the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus sensitized with immune anti-rubella sera. The staphylococci specifically bound to infected cells were Gram-stained and observed using light microscopy. The minimum titer of IgG antiviral hemagglutinin required for sensitizing the bacteria was 3.9 IU/ml. The specificity of the assay was demonstrated by treating the infected cells with bacteria sensitized with normal sera, by treating the mock-infected cells with staphylococci sensitized with either immune or normal sera, and by sensitizing the bacteria with immune sera from which anti-rubella antibodies had been removed. Viral antigens were detected from day 2-9 post-infection. The sensitivity of the assay in verifying and monitoring viral propagation was comparable to the titration of viral particles of hemagglutination. The assay is specific, rapid, simple and can be performed in laboratories with minimal equipment. PMID- 3220927 TI - A comparison of recovery of virus from wastewaters by beef extract-Celite, ferric chloride, and filter concentration procedures. AB - An improved concentration method using sample volumes as large as 1500 ml has been developed to monitor for viruses in wastewaters. Non-precipitating dry beef extract powder is added to wastewater samples to give a 3% concentration and mixed until dissolved. This is followed by the addition of Celite as a virus adsorbent. By manipulating pH, viruses are eluted from the Celite in small volumes of phosphate buffer. This procedure was further tested without the aid of the Celite additives using a precipitating beef extract powder and substituting FeCl3 as an alternate reagent for the Celite. Comparison testing was also made with the currently recommended cartridge and disc filter procedures. In all cases, the non-precipitating beef extract-Celite method gave higher recovery rates in highly polluted waters. PMID- 3220926 TI - Purity, antigenicity and immunogenicity of the hepatitis B surface antigen purified by five different methods. AB - Five published methods for the purification of HBsAg from plasma were compared for specific activity (SA), degree of purification, and yield. The SA value was determined by dividing the reciprocal of the end point dilution per milliliter as determined using a commercial radioimmunoassay (AUSRIA II; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) by the protein concentration quantitated by the Lowry method. HBsAg purified by two consecutive isopycnic ultracentrifugation separations in KBr and one rate-zonal separation in sucrose using a zonal rotor (Ti-14, Beckman, Palo Alto, CA) yielded a preparation which gave the highest SA value, degree of purification and yield as compared to four other methods. Each purified preparation was adsorbed to alum adjuvant and injected into mice to determine the immunogenic dose at which 50% of the animals elicited an anti-HBs response (ID50). The zonal rotor method resulted in the lowest ID50 value (365 ng/ml) supporting the highest SA value. Furthermore, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis revealed that this preparation had the greatest number of HBsAg-specific polypeptides (N = 7) and the fewest contaminating polypeptides (N = 5). The contaminating proteins were identified as alpha-2-macroglobulin, heavy chains of IgG and IgM, immunoglobulin kappa chain, and albumin. PMID- 3220928 TI - Evidence that the phagocytosis mediated by the peanut agglutinin-like activity of IgG(Fc) receptors of human monocytes is selectively modulated by estradiol and natural estrogens. AB - The percentage of human monocytes (MCs) that are able to form rosettes with, and to phagocytose, IgG-coated sheep red blood cells (IgG-SRBCs) has been first determined in vitro by a classical rosette assay in 12 postmenopausal (PM) women. Half of them never received any suppletive estrogen (E) therapy at the time of testing, whereas the other six were chronically treated with E. Three different preparations of the same anti-SRBC IgG antibody batch were coated to SRBCs: the first one was the starting antibody preparation [IgG(total] and the other two were purified by affinity chromatography either on Sepharose-concanavalin A (Con A) or on agarose-peanut agglutinin (PNA) columns specifically recognizing terminal, and/or accessible, alpha-mannosyl [IgG(Con A)] or beta-galactosyl [IgG(PNA)] residues of the Fc domain, respectively. The three IgG preparations exhibited similar hemagglutinating antibody titers (1/100). All experiments were conducted using a coating range of 5000 to 6000 IgG antibody molecules per SRBC. In PM women with E, the rosetting capacity of autologous MCs (percentage of MCs rosetting at least three IgG-SRBCs), their phagocytosing capacity (percentage of MCs ingesting at least three IgG-SRBCs), and the phagocytosis index (number of SRBCs ingested/100 MCs) were similar for each IgG-SRBC preparation considered. In contrast, in PM women without E, the capacity of MCs to phagocytose IgG(PNA) SRBCs, as well as the phagocytosis index measured with those SRBCs, was strongly reduced (P less than 0.01 at least), when compared to the same parameters determined using IgG(total)-SRBCs and IgG(Con A)-SRBCs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220929 TI - [Cerebral hemodynamics in cerebrovascular dementia]. PMID- 3220930 TI - [A scanning electron microscopic study on the epiblast of chick blastoderm]. PMID- 3220931 TI - [Negative chronotropic effect of hypoxia on the rabbit sinus node]. PMID- 3220932 TI - [A radiological study on the presacral space]. PMID- 3220933 TI - Roentgencephalometric study of cranial interrelations. AB - Lateral X-ray films of the skull obtained in 50 normal adult males were used for studies of correlations between 26 characteristics of the size, shape, and position of the face and nine characteristics of the neurocranium in all mutual combinations. The results disclosed that the relations between individual cranial components were regulated by certain principles. The correlations between size dimensions were mostly slight; a closer relationship showed some characteristics of the shape and position. The most important variable exerting an effect on the configuration of the skull as a whole represented the angle of the cranial base which produced the rotation of the neurocranium and the face and thus acted on a series of other correlations. Of some importance as well was the length of the mandibular ramus acting on the shape and position of the lower jaw and on the vertical maxillomandibular relations. The close relationship between the anteroposterior position of both jaws was due to compensation mechanisms rather than to the identical size of both jaws. On normalization of the disturbed saggital jaw relations, the dentoalveolar components of both jaws as well as the subalveolar component of the mandible participated equally. In vertical direction the lower face showed a certain developmental independence. The discussed interrelations formed the basis for studies of the mechanisms regulating the intracranial development and the changes occurring in various anomalies, as well as for understanding the compensation and adaptation abilities of individual cranial components. PMID- 3220935 TI - Genetic and environmental factors in the longitudinal growth of rats: II. Ventrodorsal craniofacial size. AB - By means of roentgenographic cephalometry and quantitative genetic analysis, the relative contribution of the genetic and environmental components to the ontogenic change of the ventrodorsal view of the craniofacial complex was shown to vary with age. The genetic component of variance significantly increased until the 80th day. Inversely, the maternal component of variance showed a large value during the early stage of postnatal growth and gradually decreased thereafter to a very small amount by the 80th day. In general, it appeared that the genetic effect became larger with the age of the rat and the maternal effects tended to diminish. The environmental component of variance did not change much over the course of the experiment. We thus concluded that the genetic effect contributed to the change of the ontogenic variation of the craniofacial complex through all experimental periods and the maternal effect contributed to the change at the early growth stage of the craniofacial complex. PMID- 3220934 TI - Genetic and environmental factors in the longitudinal growth of rats: I. Body weight and overall craniofacial size. AB - By means of roentgenographic cephalometry and quantitative genetic analysis, the relative contribution of the genetic and environmental components to total variance of body weight and overall craniofacial size was shown to vary with age. The genetic component of variance significantly increased until 80 days of age. Inversely, the maternal component of variance showed a high value during the early stage of postnatal growth and gradually decreased thereafter to a very small amount by day 80. Thus it appeared that the genetic effect became larger with age of the rat and the maternal effects diminished. The environmental component of variance did not change much over the course of the experiment. We thus conclude that genetic effect contributed the change of ontogenetic variation of craniofacial complex through all experimental periods and that maternal effect contributed to it at early growth stage of the craniofacial complex. PMID- 3220936 TI - Genetic and environmental factors in the longitudinal growth of rats: III. Craniofacial shape change. AB - This investigation expresses the similarity of the craniofacial shape of rats in terms of a single parameter and determines to what extent the shape variation of the craniofacial complex is genetically determined. To quantify the similarity of the craniofacial shape between any two individuals, diagrams plotted from their lateral cephalograms are so oriented that the distance from the points on the one to the corresponding points on the other is minimized. The data consist of measurements from within-strain, between-strain, maternal half-sibs and paternal half-sibs groups. The average dissimilarity is computed in each group and compared. The results indicate that this method can be used to estimate the similarity of the craniofacial shape. The dissimilarity of within-strain pairs shows the smallest Dh value, whereas between-strain pairs have the largest Dh value. Those of maternal and paternal half-sib pairs show the intermediate Dh value. The value of dissimilarity for these four pairs tends to decrease gradually with age and a considerable genetic effect acts on the change of the craniofacial shape during growth, while the maternal effect does not act significantly on the change of the craniofacial shape during growth. PMID- 3220937 TI - Oocyte donation in patients without ovarian function. AB - The clinical, hormonal and cytogenetic findings in 36 women with primary ovarian failure, referred for oocyte or embryo donations are reported. Fifteen women were suffering from ovarian dysgenesis and 11 from premature menopause. Six of these 26 patients showed X-chromosome abnormalities. One patient had a Noonan syndrome. The remaining 10 had surgical menopause. The mean duration of their infertility was 6.5 +/- 3.2 years (+/- SD). All patients had elevated serum gonadotrophins within the menopausal range. Hypothalamic, pituitary and thyroid function were found to be intact. In one of the 15 ovarian biopsies on the patients with chromosomal competent ovarian failure, primordial follicles were found. Hysterosalpingograms revealed a normal uterine cavity in all patients. In view of oocyte donation, careful evaluation of the obstetric risk was mandatory in the six patients with X-chromosome aberrations and in the patient with the Noonan syndrome, because of their short stature and possible concomitant cardiovascular and renal disease. After substitution therapy with oestradiol valerate and natural progesterone, 13 pregnancies were established, seven patients delivered (one set of twins), eight healthy children were born, three pregnancies aborted and three pregnancies are progressing normally. PMID- 3220938 TI - Establishment of human endometrial cell cultures. AB - Epithelial and stromal endometrial cells from 19 patients at different phases of the menstrual cycle were enzymatically separated, isolated by successive centrifugation and primary cultures established for in-vitro studies on implantation. The behaviour of cells in vitro was evaluated using Nomarski's inverted optics, May-Grunwald-Giemsa stained coverslips and scanning electron microscopy. Epithelial and stromal cells from all patients grew successfully in Chang's medium and formed a mixed confluent monolayer of epithelioid and fibroblastic cells in 3-7 days and such monolayers could be maintained alive up to 3-4 weeks. Epithelioid cells were polyhedral and grew as islands in a whorl like wavy pattern around glandular fragments. Fibroblasts were spindle-shaped, more long-lived and grew rapidly to form parallel bundles of cells. Significant differences were observed in the number of multinucleated cells and cells with intracytoplasmic vacuoles between endometrium from proliferative, postovulatory and secretory phases (P less than 0.01). Scanning electron micrographs showed cells with cilia with varying densities of microvilli and apical protrusions. Endometrial cells in culture showed structural features remarkably similar to those described for cells in situ. The method described allows the propagation in vitro of separate endometrium cell types which can be used to study implantation mechanisms in unstimulated and stimulated cycles. PMID- 3220939 TI - An examination of the variation in timed endometrial biopsies. AB - Endometrial biopsies were obtained from fertile women, aged 20-40 years, with regular cycles of 25-35 days. Chronological dating of the material was carried out by determination of the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak by daily LH assay. Tissue was taken from three or four sites along the biopsy and processed for electron microscopy. Half micron thick sections were analysed by light microscopy and a morphometric examination of the glandular epithelium carried out. Nuclear size was assessed using an unbiased measuring technique and the volume density of the nucleus in the cell was also measured. A series of 12 women was examined, four at each of days LH + 2, 4 and 5. An attempt was made to control a variety of factors which contribute to the variability in the histological dating of the endometrial biopsy. In doing so it was possible to analyse the relative contributions of each sampling level to the overall variance. In contrast to earlier studies there is a relatively small intersubject variation with a correspondingly large within-biopsy variation. These results may indicate that the cellular events in the glandular epithelium, between ovulation and the middle of the luteal phase, are precisely regulated. PMID- 3220940 TI - Doppler ultrasound studies of the uterine artery in spontaneous ovarian cycles. AB - Doppler studies of the uterine artery using an off-set Doppler transducer with a mechanical sector imaging transducer indicate clear changes in uterine perfusion during the ovarian cycle. In this study, 16 volunteers had Doppler studies performed at least twice weekly during spontaneous ovarian cycles. Endocrine assays were performed on each occasion to measure plasma oestradiol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone levels. Conventional criteria to assess uterine impedance using systolic/end diastolic ratio and Resistance Index were modified to obtain meaningful results and a new flow velocity wave form classification is presented. The results indicate increasing uterine perfusion with rising levels of plasma oestradiol and progesterone and a direct correlation with falling oestrogen levels in the follicular phase. We conclude that off-set mechanical sector duplex systems can be used effectively to monitor uterine responses to the hormone environment. PMID- 3220941 TI - The value and role of plasma 17 beta-oestradiol measurements during ovarian hyperstimulation for in-vitro fertilization. AB - Follicular aspiration was performed in 464 hyperstimulated IVF treatment cycles in patients with severe tubal damage as the sole cause of their infertility. In 413 cycles, one to four embryos could be replaced, resulting in 102 clinical pregnancies. In 458 treatment cycles, data on plasma E2 levels were available on days -3 and -2, in 322 cycles also on days -1 and 0, day 0 being the day of follicular puncture. Although the distribution of cycles leading to clinical pregnancy within the 5-95th centile for plasma E2 levels differed from that observed outside this range, these differences were of no statistical significance. These results indicate that IVF pregnancies occur in the presence of a wide range of E2 levels, during the 3-day period preceding follicular aspiration. The importance of plasma E2 measurements for treatment policy must, therefore, be reconsidered. PMID- 3220942 TI - The presence of zonae pellucidae influences fusion rates between spermatozoa and zona free hamster oocytes. AB - Human zonae pellucidae were added to suspensions of capacitating spermatozoa. The zonae were prepared from oocytes that remained unfertilized in our in-vitro fertilization (IVF) programme. After capacitation, zona free hamster oocytes were added and the penetration rate of the hamster oocytes was determined. Controls without the addition of zonae were run in parallel. A distinct enhancement of the penetration rate was found when zonae were present during capacitation, using sperm of fertile donors. Sperm of several infertile men did not respond to the presence of zonae with higher penetration rates. It was concluded that the zona pellucida is involved in the induction of the acrosome-reaction of human spermatozoa. In addition the incubation system with zonae as described might be useful for the identification of infertile semen. PMID- 3220943 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of living human oocytes: cellular basis and developmental consequences of perturbations in chromosomal organization and complement. AB - Chromosome complement and location were examined by fluorescence microscopy for 225 meiotically mature (metaphase II) human oocytes after staining with DNA specific probes. Both preovulatory oocytes and oocytes that failed to fertilize in vitro were analysed. After inspection in the living state, oocytes were selected for karyotyping or transmission electron microscopy. The findings demonstrate a high correlation between assessments of chromosome complement in living oocytes and the results from subsequent karyotypes. In addition to numerical aberrations (aneuploidy), the results also demonstrate the ability to detect abnormalities in chromosome structure and distribution. Specifically, this approach identified living oocytes that (1) contained no apparent chromosomes in the ooplasm, (2) contained chromosome not associated with the MII spindle and (3) had weak or no detectable chromosomal fluorescence in the first polar body. The findings demonstrate that approximately 8% of the oocytes were aneuploid (hypohaploid or hyperhaploid). Another 6.5% displayed anomalies in chromosome structure or distribution that could lead to aneuploid situations. The results are discussed with respect to the origin, occurrence and developmental consequences for such oocytes. PMID- 3220944 TI - The dygynic origin of a triploid fetus from an IVF pregnancy. AB - The case of an IVF pregnancy that resulted in an aborted triploid embryo with 69,XXY karyotype is reported. The analysis of DNA polymorphisms shows that the event is due to a maternal second meiotic non-disjunction. PMID- 3220945 TI - Physical factors are involved in the destruction of embryos and oocytes during freezing and thawing procedures. AB - Observations made during the freezing and thawing of mouse and human oocytes and mouse embryos with the cryomicroscope suggest that physical factors as well as physicochemical factors may play a role in the development of lethal damage upon thawing. The point of contact with the approaching ice front may predispose that area to the appearance of future cytoplasmic blebbing. The ice front distorts the oocyte and this distortion remains during its subsequent thermal history and is unrelated to desiccation distortion. Ice initiates the formation of both intra- and extracellular gas bubbles which are apparent upon thawing; with the progression of the thawing process they can be seen to grow in volume. Growth of these bubbles can give rise to expanding vesicles which can totally destroy an embryo. The consequences of these physical factors for the successful cryopreservation of oocytes, embryos, tissues and organs are discussed. PMID- 3220946 TI - First trimester bleeding in clinical IVF pregnancies. AB - First trimester bleeding has been investigated in 72 pregnant women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer and was compared to 70 pregnant patients in whom ovulation was induced, in addition to 70 spontaneous pregnancies. Abortion rates did not differ significantly between the first two groups but were significantly higher in comparison to normal pregnancies. Furthermore, among IVF pregnancies that continued, a high incidence of first trimester bleeding occurred (P less than 0.01). This complication was mainly related to luteal insufficiency and multiple pregnancies, whereas hyperstimulation was the major risk factor for bleeding in pregnancies arising from HMG-induced ovulation. Other currently unknown, aetiological factors for first trimester bleeding in IVF pregnancies remain to be investigated. PMID- 3220947 TI - Legal aspects involved in the development of anti-progesterones for fertility control. AB - The development of medical means of inducing abortion requires a detailed knowledge of the abortion legislation. It is vital that these compounds are developed and used within the legal constraints of the country involved. In the United Kingdom, despite the Act of Union (1707), England and Scotland have not united under one legal system. In England the common law on abortion was superseded by the Offences Against the Persons Act (1861) which declared abortion illegal. This Act does not apply to Scotland where, up until 1967, common law applied. The Abortion Act of 1967 is an exemption act allowing abortion, under certain restrictions, to be legally performed. Whilst post-coital contraception is not covered by any of the abortion legislation, it is clear that contragestion and medical abortion is restricted by the current abortion legislation, hence medication will need to be taken in hospital. PMID- 3220948 TI - Constraints on the attachment of myosin to actin. PMID- 3220949 TI - Identification of two species of actin depolymerizing factor in cultures of BHK cells. AB - High-speed supernatant obtained from the lysate of cultured BHK cells has been chromatographed on Sepharose-4B, DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite columns, and a fraction has been identified with characteristics similar to an actin depolymerizing factor (ADF), a small protein previously isolated from embryonic chick brain. Using a rabbit antibody against the chick brain protein, two immunoreactive forms were identified: a 19 kDa form co-migrating in SDS polyacrylamide gels with embryonic chick brain ADF, and a 20 kDa form. The two species could be separated on a hydroxyapatite or green A dye matrix columns and only the 20 kDa protein was active when assayed for effects on pyrene-G-actin assembly. It enhanced the rate of F-actin assembly, but only after an initial lag phase, and decreased the final proportion of actin in filamentous form. These effects were calcium-independent. Actin depolymerizing factor constituted at least 0.5% of the total protein in the cytoplasmic fraction. A Triton extract of plasma membrane-enriched fraction from BHK cells was fractionated on a Sepharose 4B column and again, a fraction was found which had an ADF-like activity and also contained the two immuno-cross-reactive forms, 19 kDa and 20 kDa. These results suggest a novel regulation of the microfilament system in eukaryotic cells via the control of the ADF activity. PMID- 3220951 TI - Families, family roles, and psychological diagnoses in primary care. AB - This study examined the effect of belonging to a specific family on rates and occurrence of psychological diagnoses among the family members. Data were obtained from 693 families totaling 2907 parents and children during ambulatory care visits to a prepaid health care center. Families tended to have the majority of their members either with or conversely without a psychological diagnosis. The likelihood of having a psychological diagnosis was increased by 35% if another family member had been so diagnosed. Consequently, a small (3%) proportion of families accounted for a large (25%) proportion of these diagnoses. Children whose fathers were high utilizers of general health care services, or whose parents, particularly mothers, had a psychological diagnosis, were significantly more likely to have a diagnosis in this category as well. Families in which both parents had such a diagnosis were twice as likely to have an affected child. Siblings appeared not to exert any effect on one another in this regard. Family size and birth order had no effect on the incidence of psychological diagnoses. PMID- 3220952 TI - The clinical assessment of a child's social and physical environment during health visits. AB - The quality of a child's home environment plays a critical role in long-term developmental status. The Pediatric Review and Observation of Children's Environmental Support and Stimulation (PROCESS) Inventory was developed to clinically assess aspects of the child's physical environment and the parent child interaction during a health supervision visit. The final version was used with 76 mother-child pairs by two pediatricians. The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory was performed within 3 weeks on all pairs, and a laboratory observation of parent-child interaction was completed with 30 of the pairs. Correlations of the PROCESS with the HOME Inventory and parent-child interaction were 0.84 and 0.86 (less than 0.001), respectively. These significant correlations persisted while controlling for family income and education. When high and low scores of the HOME Inventory known to correlate with positive and negative developmental outcomes were cross-tabulated with PROCESS scores, low scores on the PROCESS identified 77% of low HOME Inventory scores and high scores on the PROCESS identified 95% of the high HOME Inventory scores. The PROCESS provides pediatricians a brief, easy-to-score, clinically useful, reliable, and valid method to measure children's home environments. PMID- 3220950 TI - Localization by immunoelectron microscopy of spanning protein of triad junction in terminal cisternae/triad vesicles. AB - Polyclonal antibodies have been developed against the junctional feet or spanning protein from skeletal muscle triads. These probes in combination with immunogold labels have been used to localize the spanning protein by electron microscope of isolated vesicles from terminal cisternae/triads. The spanning protein antibodies specifically bind to the electron dense junctional feet. In vesicles permeabilized by hypotonic treatment or by saponin, some gold particles may be seen on the luminal side of the vesicle. Trypsin treatment of vesicles causes complete loss of the 300 K spanning protein from SDS gels while dot blots show that some but not all the antigenic activity is lost. This treatment is associated with the loss of the electron dense projections from the membrane surface and is coincident with the loss of immunogold staining when antibody is added to the intact vesicles. On the other hand, in experiments in which the luminal portions of the isolated vesicles have been made accessible to the polyclonal antibodies by sectioning lightly fixed vesicles before immunogold tagging, extensive gold labelling was found to occur in trypsin treated vesicles which have lost detectable projections from the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. These data support the view that the spanning protein projects from the sarcoplasmic reticulum towards the transverse tubules but further suggest that spanning protein extends into and probably through the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane in accord with the proposition that it is a Ca2+ channel. PMID- 3220953 TI - Pitfalls in the use of a continuous performance test as a diagnostic tool in attention deficit disorder. AB - Although automated continuous performance tests (CPT) are gaining popularity as aids to the diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (ADD), little is known of their validity in this context. Our preliminary experience with a commercially available visual CPT indicated that as many as a third of children meeting the DMS-III criteria for ADD may score well enough on this measure to escape detection. We therefore analyzed the results of neuropsychological testing as well as CPT performance in 14 ADD children and six non-ADD children in an effort to determine whether CPT performance might reflect higher level cognitive variables other than attention and/or impulsivity. We found that those ADD children classified as "abnormal" on the basis of the CPT scored significantly below those classified as "normal" on measures of abstract reasoning and logical problem solving, simple verbal reasoning, nonverbal problem solving, and simple arithmetic skills. The non-ADD group contained a high proportion (83%) of subjects with CPT performance outside of the normal range. These data suggest that CPT may yield both false negative and false positive results when used as screening tools for ADD, and we recommend therefore that caution be used in their interpretation. PMID- 3220955 TI - Relationship between psychosocial variables and school absenteeism in kindergarten children. AB - Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that psychosocial factors may influence various immune responses. Recently, the relationship between psychologically stressful events and immunomodulation in humans has been reported. Few studies, however, have demonstrated clinically significant increases in infectious illness, or delayed recovery from infectious illness among humans as a result of stressful events. This study was undertaken to determine if children who experienced the greatest difficulty adjusting to kindergarten entry, a common event which is differentially stressful, would have the highest frequency of school absence (an index of illness). A randomly selected sample of 49 children entering kindergarten for the first time, and their families (patients of a suburban pediatric practice), were studied over a 6 month period utilizing health diaries, interviews with parents, parent ratings, physicians' records and ratings, and teacher ratings of children's behavior. We were unable to demonstrate a relationship between psychosocial factors and school absence among our sample of children. A possible explanation for this finding may be the relatively nondeviant character of the subjects studied. Another possibility is that kindergarten entry was not experienced as a stressful event for the children, most of whom had attended nursery school. PMID- 3220954 TI - Hearing and verbal-cognitive abilities in high-risk preterm infants prone to otitis media with effusion. AB - Preterm infants with a history of perinatal complications are at risk for language learning difficulties, and are more likely than full-term infants to show recurrent otitis media. The present study looks at the association between these risk outcomes in the preschool period. Twenty-three otitis-prone preterm children (referred to as cases) were compared with 20 non-otitis-prone children with similar perinatal and demographic characteristics (controls). Hearing thresholds were depressed for the cases in conjunction with abnormal tympanograms, and hearing was significantly poorer than for controls. Some language and verbal cognitive abilities were significantly poorer for the cases. The findings suggest the importance of medical intervention, audiometric assessment, and speech and language follow-up for high-risk premature infants prone to otitis media with effusion. PMID- 3220956 TI - The failure of antimotion sickness medication to improve reading in developmental dyslexia: results of a randomized trial. AB - Although there have been no randomized clinical trials of the efficacy of antimotion sickness medication treatment of developmental dyslexia, some children are treated in this way. We have performed two evaluations of such treatments. In Experiment 1, 12 children participated in a double-blind within-subject crossover design to test the acute (2-day) administration of four preparations: 10 mg methylphenidate, 12.5 mg meclizine, both methylphenidate and meclizine, or placebo. Improvements obtained with each drug were scattered across measures of reading fluency, balance and coordination, and eye movements, suggesting that a chronic trial would be justified. In Experiment 2, six children from Experiment 1 received 12.5 mg meclizine b.i.d. for 3 months and placebo for 3 months in a double-blind within-subject crossover design. Meclizine had no effect on reading, but it significantly improved ocular motor stability during steady fixation. This study thus failed to support the hypothesis that meclizine is of benefit in developmental dyslexia. PMID- 3220957 TI - Prevalence of hyperactivity among newly immigrated Chinese-American children. AB - There has been little research on the prevalence of hyperactivity among Chinese or Chinese-American children. We administered the 28-item Conners Teacher Rating Scale (TRS) to the teachers of recently immigrated Chinese-American children in grades one through six and obtained data on 282 children. The percentages of children scoring above the criterion score for hyperactivity were 8.76% (boys) and 1.72% (girls). These percentages are less than those reported for comparable samples from all other countries, except South Africa. A factor analysis of the TRS data revealed a factor structure that was largely similar to that reported by Conners, but with notable differences between boys and girls. The relative contributions of genetic and cultural factors to the etiology of hyperactivity are considered in a discussion of the prevalence data. PMID- 3220958 TI - Psychological treatment of distress, pain, and anxiety for young children with cancer. AB - The study compared the efficacy of hypnotic "imaginative involvement," behavioral distraction and standard medical practice for the reduction of pain, distress and anxiety in children with leukemia, during bone marrow aspirations. Two age groups of children, 3 to 6, and 7 to 10 years, were randomized to the three treatment groups. Two intervention sessions were given. At first intervention, observational ratings of distress indicated significant reductions for the younger group in the hypnotic treatment, whereas the older group achieved significant reductions in both treatment conditions for observer-rated pain and anxiety. At second intervention, all groups showed reductions and the control group appeared to be contaminated. The hypnotic method with its internal focus had an all-or-none effect, whereas distraction appeared to require that coping skills be learned over one session or more. PMID- 3220959 TI - The social context of behavioral pediatrics. PMID- 3220960 TI - Child and adolescent psychiatry consultation-liaison services in pediatrics: what messages are being conveyed? PMID- 3220962 TI - The drug development process. PMID- 3220961 TI - A curriculum guide for developmental-behavioral pediatrics. PMID- 3220963 TI - Regulations which govern the availability of therapeutic drugs in Australia. AB - This article looks at the history and development of drug regulation in Australia, concentrating on the changes that have occurred in the last few years. It touches briefly on the system by which many drugs are subsidized and examines the way in which a de facto "restricted" list became less restricted. It deals with clinical trial approval procedures as these have changed markedly and turns to consider advertising and promotion of drugs. In concluding, it discusses the advantages and some of the shortcomings of the system. PMID- 3220964 TI - American College of Clinical Pharmacology seventeenth annual meeting. October 31 November 3, 1988, Orlando, Florida. Abstracts. PMID- 3220965 TI - Symposium on Tardive Dyskinesia. November 6 and 7, 1987, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Proceedings. PMID- 3220966 TI - The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in fluphenazine-treated patients. AB - One hundred thirty-five outpatients were evaluated for tardive dyskinesia (TD). Of the fluphenazine-treated patients (N = 63), 32 were found to have TD as compared with 29 of 72 non-fluphenazine-treated patients. This difference was not statistically significant. There was no difference in duration and total dose of fluphenazine injections between TD and non-TD patients. However, patients receiving fluphenazine injections were found to require fewer hospitalizations after fluphenazine therapy was started. PMID- 3220967 TI - A 5-year prospective longitudinal study of tardive dyskinesia: factors predicting appearance of new cases. AB - In a 5-year longitudinal study in a cohort of 169 schizophrenic outpatients treated with neuroleptics, we found a twofold increase (from 22% to 44%) in prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) meeting the Schooler and Kane research diagnostic criteria. If we include cases of TD that were considered definite but did not meet the research criteria, the prevalence increased from 31% to 58%. In the cohort of 131 patients who did not present with the disorder in 1975, we found parkinsonism and increase in parkinsonism to be the best predictors of subsequent development of the disorder. Poor schizophrenic prognosis and long treatment duration also appeared to be risk factors. Another finding was the importance of changes in neuroleptic and antiparkinsonian dosage in both covering and uncovering TD. PMID- 3220968 TI - Pharmacologic studies of tardive dyskinesia. AB - Based on the results of two preliminary studies, we concluded that late developing persistent drug-induced movement disorders are pharmacologically heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity is seen between individual patients (and groups of patients) as well as within body areas of individual patients; dystonic pathology has a distinct and more consistent response to pharmacologic stimulation than does nondystonic tardive dyskinesia (TD); and, although disturbances in dopamine and acetylcholine appear to be involved in these disorders, they do not in all cases exist in functionally opposite relationships. The observed pharmacologic heterogeneity in TD response reflects the limitations of the dopamine/acetylcholine model of TD, which oversimplifies the neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia and the pathophysiology of TD. The chemical and anatomical complexity of this region suggests that other neurotransmitter systems and neuronal circuits within and extending from the basal ganglia may be disturbed in the pathogenesis of TD. PMID- 3220969 TI - Morphometric parameters of the superior colliculus of albino and pigmented rats. AB - The superior colliculus (SC) or optic tectum of mammals consists of seven layers, numbered I-VII from superficial to deep, each of which has distinct connectivity patterns and electrophysiological response properties. The present study is devoted to a morphometrical analysis of neuronal diameters, densities, and numbers in different layers and regions of the SC of albino as well as pigmented rats in order to present a quantitative characterization of the collicular neuronal population involved in the different connectivities and functions of these compartments. The morphometric parameters were calculated from tracings of nuclei and cell bodies by means of Kontron-Videoplan equipment and a Micro PDP 11/23 computer. The mean soma diameter per superior colliculus appears to be 12.0 microns, the average neuronal density 70 cells per 0.001 mm3, and the total number of neurons about 600,000. The mean soma diameter gradually increases from superficial to deep layers (i.e., from 10.0 to 14.0 microns). Cellular density is highest in layer III, the retinal afferent layer (90 cells per 0.001 mm3), and decreases both in more superficial layers (to about 80 in layer I) and deeper layers (to about 44 in layer VII). About 25% of all collicular neurons are situated in layer II whereas layer I contains the lowest percentage of cells (4%). Rostrally within each collicular layer, cellular volumes are about 25% larger than caudally. On the other hand, neuronal densities are rostrally about 38% lower than caudally in all layers except for layers VI and VII. We conclude that collicular neurons, in contrast to collicular axons, are not arranged in distinct layers or clusters but basically establish a random network with only gradual transitions. In this respect, no statistically significant differences were observed between albino and pigmented rats. PMID- 3220970 TI - Fetal homotypic transplant in the excitotoxically neuron-depleted thalamus: light microscopy. AB - One month after an in situ injection of kainic acid into the ventrobasal thalamic complex (VB), the lesioned area is totally depleted of neurons. The present study has been undertaken to determine the cytoarchitecture and connectivity of the nucleus constructed by fetal thalamic neurons implanted into the excitotoxically lesioned area. Adult rats received an injection of kainic acid inducing a total neuronal depletion of the right lateral thalamus (including both the nucleus reticularis thalami and the lateral portion of the ventrobasal complex). One month later, homotypic neurons were taken from the dorsal thalamic primordium of rat embryos (gestational age 15-16 days), dissociated, and injected into the lesioned area as a cell suspension. After 2-4-month survival, the cytoarchitecture of the neonucleus formed by the grafted neurons within the previously neuron-depleted area was analyzed. Additionally, connectivity was analyzed in seven rats in which dorsal column nuclei and/or cortical projections to the area were labeled anterogradely with either 3H-leucine or wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated to HRP, and the animals were perfused and processed following various histological procedures (Nissl staining, autoradiographic processing, and histochemistry for visualization of peroxidase). Fetal neurons grew, differentiated, and progressively occupied the previously neuron-depleted area of the adult host CNS. They organized themselves into a neonucleus with particular cytoarchitectural features including 1) the existence of two concentric zones--a central zone containing neurons and glial cells and a marginal zone only filled with a band of glial cells, 2) an increase in cellular density compared to the intact thalamus, 3) the grouping of neurons in spherical clusters, and 4) apparent polymorphism of neuronal somata. Lemniscal and corticothalamic afferents originating from the host were observed in the neonucleus when the fetal neurons had been implanted correctly into the lesioned area but not when they had been misplaced into either normal thalamic tissue or the internal capsule. The afferents labeled from either the dorsal column nuclei or the somatosensory cortex were, however, less dense in the neonucleus than in the normal thalamus. These results are discussed with regard to the normal cytoarchitecture and connectivity of the ventrobasal complex of the rat thalamus. PMID- 3220971 TI - GABA-immunoreactive neurons and terminals in the lateral cervical nucleus of the cat. AB - Previous findings have indicated the presence of local circuit neurons in the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN). An immunohistochemical study with gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) antiserum was therefore performed both to investigate whether GABA-immunoreactive neurons are present in the LCN, and if so, to compare their characteristics with those previously assigned to probable internuncial neurons in the nucleus. The fine structure and synaptology of GABA-positive boutons in the LCN were also studied. Transversely cut sections from the upper cervical spinal cord of three cats were processed for GABA immunohistochemistry with the free-floating PAP technique. On light microscopic examination immunoreactive neurons were observed within the ventromedial half of the LCN. Their total number was estimated to be 42.5 +/- 11.7 in the entire LCN on one side of the cervical spinal cord, but this may have been an underestimation, as the penetration by the antisera was limited. The labeled neurons were small and had a relatively large nucleus and a low bouton covering ratio. In their number, localization, and ultrastructural appearance the GABA-positive neurons closely resembled the population of neurons previously suggested to be local circuit neurons. Immunoreactive bouton-sized puncta were scattered throughout the LCN. Ultrastructural examination showed labeled terminals with a mean sectional area of 0.85 micron 2 and a relatively high density of synaptic vesicles. The vast majority of GABA-positive terminals were in contact with dendrites and only a minority had synaptic contact with cell bodies. No axoaxonal synapses were observed. The GABA-positive boutons probably derive at least partly from the observed GABA-positive neurons, but there is also a possibility of extrinsic GABAergic input. PMID- 3220973 TI - Neuronal surface changes in the dorsal vagal motor nucleus of the guinea pig in response to axotomy. AB - Ultrastructural changes occurring in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus of the guinea pig after nerve transection were investigated. Two neuronal populations could be distinguished. Large neurons corresponding to the vagal motoneurons showed chromatolysis. They were found to develop complex changes in cell surface, which appeared either as a folding up and formation of flaplike processes or as invagination of adjacent neuronal or glial elements. Large processes often covered part of the plasmalemma and formed stacks of several neuronal lamellae. Smaller processes were mostly seen to extend into the neuropil, where they intermingled and adopted a budlike shape. These changes occurred in the cell somata within the first week after axotomy. The dendrites were affected after a short delay. The changes persisted for several months in most of the neurons, including the ones that showed signs of recovery from chromatolysis. The newly formed cellular extensions had a growth-cone-like internal structure, containing numerous smooth-surfaced vesicles or cisternae, a feltwork of filamentous material, dense-cored vesicles, and occasionally free polyribosomes. These surface changes did not occur in the second neuronal cell type of this nucleus, which had a smaller perikaryon characterized by a scanty cytoplasm. These cells did not show a retrograde degeneration and thus are probably interneurons. Acetylcholinesterase was used as a cytochemical marker of neuronal membranes. Surprisingly, the vagal motoneurons did not show a loss of enzymatic activity after nerve transection. Rather, a redistribution seemed to occur with intensified staining of the plasmalemma. The newly formed processes were consistently found to be acetylcholinesterase positive. It is suggested that the morphological changes observed correspond to an as-yet-unobserved growth process in the adult central nervous system, which involves perikarya and dendrites of regenerating guinea pig vagal motoneurons. PMID- 3220972 TI - Metabolic activity in striate and extrastriate cortex in the hooded rat: contralateral and ipsilateral eye input. AB - The extent of changes in glucose metabolism resulting from ipsilateral and contralateral eye activity in the posterior cortex of the hooded rat was demonstrated by means of the C-14 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique. By stimulating one eye with square wave gratings and eliminating efferent activation from the other by means of enucleation or intraocular TTX injection, differences between ipsilaterally and contralaterally based visual activity in the two hemispheres were maximized. Carbon-14 levels in layer IV of autoradiographs of coronal sections were measured and combined across sections to form right and left matrices of posterior cortex metabolic activity. A difference matrix, formed by subtracting the metabolic activity matrix of cortex contralateral to the stimulated eye from the ipsilateral "depressed" matrix, emphasized those parts of the visual cortex that received monocular visual input. The demarcation of striate cortex by means of cholinesterase stain and the examination of autoradiographs from sections cut tangential to the cortical surface aided in the interpretation of the difference matrices. In striate cortex, differences were maximal in the medial monocular portion, and the lateral or binocular portion was shown to be divided metabolically into a far lateral contralaterally dominant strip along the cortical representation of the vertical meridian, and a more medial region of patches of more or less contralaterally dominant binocular input. Lateral peristriate differences were less than those of striate cortex, and regions of greater and lesser monocular input could be distinguished. We did not detect differences between the two hemispheres in either anterior or medial peristriate areas, thus indicating either completely binocular input (which seems unlikely given the retinotopic organization of these regions), or a greater dependence than in the lateral peristriate on inputs that were not affected by the visual manipulations. PMID- 3220974 TI - Organization of a sensory neuropile in the auditory pathway of two groups of Orthoptera. AB - The anterior intermediate sensory neuropile (aISN) is a prominent neuropile in the ventral nerve cord of locusts and bushcrickets. Previous studies have shown that it receives its main sensory input from auditory receptors. In this paper we examine the structural and physiological relationship between tympanal receptor terminations and the dendrites of sound-sensitive interneurones in the homologous neuropile of locusts and bushcrickets. Each individual receptor fibre of the bushcricket terminates in a somewhat different target area of the neuropile. The ordering is with respect to the characteristic frequency of the fibres (tonotopic) in the anterior-posterior and dorsoventral axis. In the locust, representatives of the four tympanal receptor groups branch in different areas of the aISN. Most of the dorsal neuropilar region, and the anterior ventral region, do not receive input from tympanal receptors. The dendrites of identified sound sensitive interneurones were examined in the context of this afferent projection. Local interneurones as well as intersegmental interneurones in bushcrickets have dendritic branches in the whole aISN or part of it and thus overlap with at least some receptors. By recording intracellularly from their main neurites, short latency synaptic potentials were found in response to receptor spikes indicating monosynaptic input. The tuning of these neurones could be predicted by their dendritic morphology. In contrast, in the locust only local and bisegmental neurones are monosynaptically connected with tympanal receptors, but not the studied intersegmental neurones. This is consistent with the finding that most or all branches of intersegmental neurones lie in the dorsal area of neuropile where no receptors terminate. Anatomical and physiological evidence is presented for identified local neurones providing the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input for such intersegmental neurones. The difference in the basic wiring diagram in the homologous neuropile of the two orthopteran groups is discussed with respect to the possible different roles that sound plays in their behaviour. PMID- 3220975 TI - Nucleus basalis (Ch4) and cortical cholinergic innervation in the human brain: observations based on the distribution of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase. AB - The nucleus basalis (NB) of the human brain is a large, complex, and highly differentiated structure. Many of its neurons are magnocellular, hyperchromic, isodendritic, acetylcholinesterase-rich, and choline-acetyltransferase-positive. Concurrent histochemical and immunological staining demonstrated that all choline acetyltransferase-positive NB neurons in the human brain also contain acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity. Only a small minority of acetylcholinesterase-rich magnocellular cell bodies in the NB failed to show choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity. Sections that were counterstained for Nissl substance showed that 80-90% of all magnocellular neurons in the NB were choline-acetyltransferase-positive and therefore cholinergic. These characteristics, which are very similar to those of the NB in the monkey brain, justified the designation of these cholinergic neurons in the human brain as the Ch4 (or NB-Ch4) complex. On morphological grounds, the compact parts of the human NB-Ch4 complex were divided into distinct sectors which appeared to show a greater level of differentiation than in the monkey brain. In addition to the compact sectors, interstitial elements of NB Ch4 were embedded within adjacent fiber bundles. The putative cortical projections from NB-Ch4 were identified in the form of acetylcholinesterase-rich fibers. These fibers formed a dense plexus in all cortical regions but also displayed laminar and regional variations. Limbic and paralimbic areas had higher concentrations of these fibers than the immediately adjacent neocortical association areas. Alzheimer's disease was associated with a marked depletion of cortical acetylcholinesterase. Two cases of Alzheimer's disease with relatively selective NB-Ch4 cell loss supported the hypothesis that the corticopetal cholinergic pathways in the human brain may have a topographical organization similar to that in the monkey brain. PMID- 3220976 TI - Development of acetylcholinesterase activity in the lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - The pattern of acetylcholinesterase activity in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) undergoes a number of striking changes during postnatal development. The adult tree shrew LGN is made up of six cellular layers divided by relatively cell-free interlaminar zones. At birth, however, the nucleus appears unlaminated when processed with conventional Nissl-staining techniques. The cellular lamination appears during the first postnatal week. The eyes open much later, typically at the end of the third week after birth. In the adult tree shrew, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity is found throughout the nucleus (both within and between the six cellular layers). In most sections examined, reaction product is slightly more intense in the lateral cell layers (4, 5, and 6). This is in sharp contrast to the pattern at birth (postnatal day zero, or P0). The detectable AChE activity at this age is apparently found in inchoate layers 1-2 and 4-5. Within these pairs, areas innervated by the ipsilateral eye (i.e., incipient layers 1 and 5) appear to contain more reaction product. From P0 to P4, the density of AChE activity increases in layers 1-2 and 4-5 and becomes detectable in the barely evident layers 3 and (usually) 6 at this age. By the middle of the second postnatal week, after laminae are clearly apparent with a Nissl stain, AChE activity has increased and is mainly associated with each cellular layer in the nucleus. During the third week after birth this pattern undergoes a radical shift. The most intense AChE activity is now in the interlaminar zones. Finally, as the adult pattern emerges, AChE activity increases in the cellular layers and all areas of the nucleus exhibit relatively high levels of AChE activity. Superimposed on this changing laminar pattern of AChE activity are changes related to the retinotopic map within the nucleus. Portions of the LGN representing central vision develop their characteristic pattern of activity several days ahead of the regions representing more peripheral visual field locations. AChE activity is also found transiently in the optic tract near the LGN during the first 3 postnatal weeks. Two (possibly three) groups of AChE-carrying fibers can be traced from the optic chiasm to their apparent sites of termination (or origin) in the parabigeminal nucleus, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, and dorsal LGN. The activity present in the optic tract disappears shortly after eye opening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3220977 TI - Acute and chronic effects of the neurolytic agent ricin on dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and nerves. AB - The short- and long-term effects of ricin injections into nerves have been evaluated with light microscopy in the dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves in rats and cats. Dorsal root ganglion cells initially exhibited chromatolysis, followed by gliosis and cell death. These changes were associated with Fink-Heimer degeneration in the somatotopically appropriate region of the dorsal horn. There were no signs of chromatolysis in dorsal horn neurons in ricin-injected animals, but chromatolytic motoneurons were observed. Ricin produced acute necrosis of injected nerves and dissolution of axoplasm. At long survival times (greater than 4 weeks) some apparently regenerating axons were seen in the injection sites of rats. Cell counts indicated that a substantial percentage of dorsal root ganglion neurons associated with the injected nerves were killed, but the presence of regenerating axons suggested that some cells survived the ricin treatment. Although the lesion may not always be complete, even with maximum sublethal doses, this method appears to be useful for specifically destroying afferent fibers associated with a particular nerve without transynaptic destruction of dorsal horn neurons. PMID- 3220978 TI - Local synaptic organization of cholinergic neurons in the basolateral hypothalamus. AB - A monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was utilized for immunocytochemical identification of cholinergic neurons in the basolateral hypothalamus. Light and electron microscopic examination revealed a network of cell bodies, dendrites, and axonal processes dorsolateral to the supraoptic nucleus. Within this region the cells immunoreactive for ChAT receive numerous unlabeled terminals which contact dendrites, cell soma, axons and occasional somatic spines. In a few cases, small ChAT-immunoreactive terminals were observed contacting a cholinergic cell soma or large dendrite. Many ChAT-immunoreactive fibers were directed toward the supraoptic nucleus forming a dense local network but very few of these fibers penetrated deeper than approximately 20 micron into the supraoptic nucleus. A total of 63 ChAT-immunoreactive terminals were mapped within the basal hypothalamus, of which the vast majority contacted unlabeled dendrites immediately dorsolateral to the supraoptic nucleus. Labeled terminals were rare or nonexistent in the medial portions of the hypothalamus or deep within the supraoptic nucleus. This pattern of ChAT terminal densities correlates with the distribution of binding for the muscarinic cholinergic probe, [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate, but not the binding of the putative nicotinic cholinergic probe, [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin, which is high within the supraoptic nucleus. Thus, the cholinergic neurons of the basal hypothalamus appear to form a network of intrinsic connections which probably represent input to muscarinic cholinergic receptors. No evidence was found to suggest that cholinergic presynaptic terminals were colocalized with the alpha-bungarotoxin binding protein within the supraoptic nucleus. PMID- 3220979 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the cat superior colliculus. AB - This paper reports the pattern of labeling in the cat superior colliculus produced by an antiserum raised against BSA-conjugated gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and visualized by light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry. Neuropil labeling was densest within the zonal and superficial gray layers but was also found in the deep layers. Neurons labeled by the GABA antibody were also most dense within the zonal and superficial gray layers, although many labeled neurons were also found in the deeper layers. The ratio of labeled to unlabeled cells varied from an average of 45% in the superficial subdivision and the intermediate gray layer to less than 30% in the deeper laminae. Almost all intensely labeled cells were small (mean area = 127 micron 2) and had varied morphologies. Several types of labeled cell were observed with the electron microscope. One type had a horizontal, fusiform cell body and a deeply invaginated nucleus. Another type had a small round or ovoid cell body with cytoplasm clumped at one end. Labeled cells with other morphologies were also occasionally seen. No labeled glial cells were found. Two types of vesicle containing dendrite were stained by the GABA antibody. One type had loose accumulations of small synaptic vesicles and often received input from retinal terminals. Another type had spines also containing small synaptic vesicles. Labeled dendrites without synaptic vesicles were also seen frequently. Putative axon terminals labeled by the GABA antibody had densely packed synaptic vesicles and formed symmetric synaptic contacts. Labeled myelinated axons were also commonly found. These results confirm those using uptake of tritiated GABA (Mize et al.: J. Comp. Neurol. 202:385-396, '81, J. Comp. Neurol, 206:180-192, '82) in that two of the same classes of GABA neuron, horizontal I and granule I cells, were identified in the superficial laminae. However, the GABA antiserum used in this study also revealed a third class of GABA neuron with vesicle-containing spines. The antiserum also labeled a significant number of putative GABAergic neurons located in the deep subdivision of the cat superior colliculus which were not previously recognized by using transmitter autoradiography. PMID- 3220980 TI - Connections of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus: an inhibitory parallel pathway in the ascending auditory system? AB - This study examines the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) and its afferent and efferent connections. In Nissl-stained material, DNLL has three parts: dorsal, ventral, and lateral. Although each part contains neurons with similar Nissl patterns, the subdivisions may be distinguished by the size, shape, and orientation of the cells. The lateral DNLL contains a mixture of DNLL neurons and cells from the sagulum. Afferent connections to DNLL were investigated with anterograde axonal transport techniques. Bilateral inputs to DNLL arise from the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and lateral superior olive, while unilateral inputs are provided by the ipsilateral medial superior olive and the contralateral DNLL. The inputs appear to have a tonotopic organization. Afferent fibers to DNLL form horizontal bands that are continuous both mediolaterally and rostrocaudally. All parts of DNLL do not share the same inputs, and a medial-to lateral gradient in the labeling of some pathways is evident. To study the efferent connections of DNLL, both retrograde and anterograde axonal transport techniques were used. The DNLL projects to the inferior colliculus and the contralateral DNLL. The topography of these projections suggests that areas of similar tonotopic organization are connected. In the inferior colliculus, the projection is heaviest to the central nucleus and extends to the adjacent dorsal and caudal cortex, the rostral pole nucleus, and the ventrolateral nucleus. Axons from DNLL terminate along the fibrodendritic laminae of the central nucleus as bands that are prominent on the contralateral side, whereas those on the ipsilateral colliculus are more diffuse. The afferent and efferent connections of DNLL constitute a multisynaptic pathway, parallel to the other ascending pathways to the inferior colliculus. The other ascending pathways include the direct pathways from the cochlear nucleus to the inferior colliculus and the indirect pathways via the superior olivary complex. Ascending pathways are discussed as to their relationship to the subdivisions of the inferior colliculus, the laterality of their projections, and their banding patterns in the central nucleus. In contrast to the excitatory pathways to the inferior colliculus, the neurons in DNLL may use GABA as a neurotransmitter. Axons from the DNLL terminate in the inferior colliculus as bands that could have a unique inhibitory function. Thus, the multisynaptic, DNLL pathway may provide feed-forward inhibitory inputs to the inferior colliculus, bilaterally, and to the contralateral DNLL. PMID- 3220982 TI - Neuronal cell proliferation and ocular enlargement in Black Moor goldfish. AB - The mechanisms that control cell proliferation in the developing nervous system are not well understood. In larval and adult goldfish addition of new retinal neurons continues as the eye grows, but the factors that modulate the rate of cell proliferation are unknown. The eyes of Black Moors grow excessively during postembryonic life, probably as a direct result of abnormally elevated intraocular pressure. Ocular growth must be partly autonomous in Black Moors because in some individuals the two eyes are very different in size. To determine whether cell proliferation and neuronal cell number in the retina were correlated with size of the eye, we counted dividing neuronal progenitor cells (rod precursors) and mature retinal neurons (ganglion cells) in the retinas of ocularly asymmetric fish. Rod precursors, which are scattered across the retina in the outer nuclear layer, were labeled with 3H-thymidine and counted on histological sections processed for autoradiography. Ganglion cells were counted in retinal whole mounts. We found that the total population of dividing rod precursors and the total number of ganglion cells were systematically greater in the large eye compared to the small eye of individual fish. We conclude that control of the rate of neuronal proliferation in the teleost retina is intrinsic to the eye and is probably regulated by the same factors that control ocular growth. PMID- 3220981 TI - Regional distribution of cholecystokinin receptors in macaque medial temporal lobe determined by in vitro receptor autoradiography. AB - Cholecystokinin (CCK) binding sites were localized in the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial temporal cortices of macaque monkeys by using techniques of in vitro receptor autoradiography. Binding sites were labeled with 3H-CCK-8 and 125I-CCK 33, and nonspecific binding was assessed in the presence of 1 microM CCK-8. Comparison of autoradiograms with Nissl-stained sections allowed precise correlation of autoradiographic grain distribution with cytoarchitecture. CCK binding in the amygdala varied among nuclear subdivisions. It was dense in the lateral, basomedial, endopiriform, and cortical nuclei, in the parvicellular portion of the accessory basal nucleus, the periamygdaloid cortex, the cortical transition area, and in the amygdalohippocampal area. Labeling was sparse in the central, medial, and basolateral nuclei as well as in the magnocellular accessory basal nucleus. In the hippocampal formation, a single dense band of CCK binding was observed over the granule cell layer and adjacent few millimeters of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, while in the polymorph and remaining portions of this layer binding was of very low density. Prominent label over the pyramidal layer in the presubiculum clearly distinguished this region from the adjacent subiculum in which binding just exceeded background levels. Moderate to light label was observed in the hilus and stratum pyramidale of CA3, CA2, and CA1, while other hippocampal layers showed minimal specific binding. Variation in CCK binding in the medial temporal cortex showed close correspondence to cytoarchitectonic subdivisions. In entorhinal cortex, for example, binding was concentrated in layers III-VI while label in area 35 was prominent in all laminae except layer IV. Area TH of von Bonin and Bailey ('47) was distinguished from other regions by evenly distributed binding across all layers, while in area TF a bilaminar pattern of label in layers II and IV was observed. The highly specific patterns of CCK binding in amygdala and transitional cortices of the medial temporal lobe can be related to terminal fields of neo- and allocortical afferents to these regions, while label in the hippocampal formation coincides with the terminals of intrinsic neurons which ramify among the somata of cells that are targets of neocortical afferents. Thus, in all structures of the medial temporal lobe the disposition of peptidergic binding sites suggests that CCKergic systems may be important in the modulation of cortical afferents. PMID- 3220983 TI - Ultrastructural features of functionally identified primary afferent neurons with C (unmyelinated) fibers of the guinea pig: classification of dorsal root ganglion cell type with reference to sensory modality. AB - Intracellular labeling of neurons permitted a direct correlation of neuronal profiles with sensory modality of cutaneous receptors. In the guinea pig, 47 neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (displaying C-fiber conduction velocities) were labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by iontophoresis after determining the sensory modality. Receptive field were explored with systematic "natural" stimuli. Cell areas of all C-fiber units were measured by tracing the cellular contour in light microscopy. The mean cellular diameter calculated from cell areas was 21.8 microns in the second cervical ganglion of the guinea pig. Mean cell diameter for high-threshold mechanoreceptors was 20.9 microns, 24.6 microns for polymodal nociceptors, and 25.7 microns for mechanical-cold nociceptors. Electron microscopic observations showed that all labeled neurons of C-fiber units had profiles of small, dark type-B neurons. Neurons representative of each sensory modality exhibited different cell features, each belonging to a distinct subtype of small B neurons. High-threshold mechanoreceptor and mechanical-cold nociceptor displayed a peripheral lamellar arrangement of cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), corresponding to the B1 subtype. Polymodal nociceptor units were characteristically of the B2 subtype, in which stacks of long and short cisternae of ER were distributed randomly throughout the cytoplasm, and the arrangement of Golgi bodies varied among these cells. Cooling receptors displayed poorly developed, flattened cisternae of ER and numerous vesicles, typical of the B3 subtype. These results imply that all C-fiber cells belong to the small B-type cell category and that the ultrastructural features of the neuron in the dorsal root ganglion may reflect the sensory modality of the receptive field. PMID- 3220984 TI - Development of histamine-immunoreactive neurons in the rat brain. AB - This study was undertaken to reveal the cellular stores of histamine in developing rat brain and to determine the stage of development during which the histamine-immunoreactive neurons can first be detected. Rats from embryonal day 12 to postnatal day 14 were studied. The brains were fixed in 4% 1-ethyl-3(3 dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and standard immunofluorescence technique was used. The first histamine-immunoreactive neurons were seen on embryonic day 13 in the border of mesencephalon and metencephalon. On embryonic day 15 immunoreactive neurons were detected in ventral mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. In caudal, tuberal, and postmammillary caudal magnocellular nuclei histamine-immunoreactive neurons were first detected on embryonic day 20 while those in the hindbrain had disappeared. Histamine-immunoreactive nerve fibers were first detected on embryonic day 15 in rhombencephalon and mesencephalon and in some areas of diencephalon including the mammillary bodies and frontal cortex. On embryonic day 18 the number of immunoreactive nerve fibers in the hindbrain had decreased considerably, but the olfactory bulb, septal and hypothalamic area, and the cerebral cortex showed immunoreaction in fibers. The density of histamine immunoreactive fiber networks increased until postnatal day 14 when an adultlike pattern of neurons and fibers had developed. Histamine-immunoreactive neurons are present in embryonal CNS and they develop extensive projections to various brain areas. PMID- 3220985 TI - Ontogeny of histidine-decarboxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the rat hypothalamus: time of origin and development of transmitter phenotype. AB - The ontogeny of the histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-immunoreactive neurons of the tuberomammillary (TM) nucleus was studied in the rat brain. The time of origin of TM neurons was studied by counting the percentage of HDC-immunopositive neurons double labelled by autoradiography in adult progeny of dams injected with [3H] thymidine at various times during gestation. Neurogenesis began on embryonic day (E) 13, peaked on E16, and was complete by E18. HDC immunoreactivity was first detected in the fetal rat brain on E16. Experiments utilizing short-survival [3H] thymidine autoradiography combined with HDC immunohistochemistry demonstrated that TM neurons undergo their final mitotic division prior to expression of their transmitter phenotype. PMID- 3220986 TI - Early changes in plasma hormones and metabolites during fasting in king penguin chicks. AB - Chicks of the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonica) can tolerate a fast of 4-6 months during the subantarctic winter. The aim of this work was to study their initial response to food deprivation. Nine chicks were starved for 18 days. Two phases of starvation were defined according to changes in the specific daily loss in body mass: it decreased by 92% in phase I (6.6 +/- 0.3 days) and remained steady and low in phase II. Phase I was marked by a large decline in protein utilization, indicated by decreases in plasma levels of alanine (58%), uric acid (89%) and urea (76%) together with a decrease in circulating corticosterone (60%) and thyroxine (75%). In phase I, plasma insulin concentration decreased (61%) in some birds, but did not change in others; plasma pancreatic glucagon was stable whereas gut-glucagon decreased by 75%. Free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations gradually rose during the fast to 5 to 6 times pre-fast levels. Glycemia remained unchanged. Phase II was characterized by no change in plasma concentrations of protein-derived metabolites and by no or little change in circulating hormone levels. From comparison with previous data, we conclude that there are similar early adjustments to food deprivation in king penguin chick, rat and man: (1) a decrease in resting metabolic rate, (2) a decrease in protein utilization, and (3) mobilization of fat stores. The key adaptations to long-term fasting in these species are therefore effectiveness in protein sparing and ability to prolong this situation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220987 TI - Threshold for shivering in aerobic and anaerobic muscles in bantam cocks and incubating hens. AB - Electromyographic activity (EMG) from the musculus pectoralis (breast muscle), m. iliotibialis (thigh muscle) and m. gastrocnemius (leg muscle), cloacal temperature (Tb) and O2 consumption were measured in bantam cocks (Gallus domesticus) exposed to different ambient temperatures (Ta). The same parameters were measured in bantam hens incubating eggs artificially thermoregulated to 40 degrees and 25 degrees C (Te). EMG activity appeared in thigh and leg muscles at Ta below 32 degrees C (Tsh). This temperature probably represents the thermoneutral temperature (TNT) of the cock. EMG activity in breast muscles appeared at Ta below 20 degrees C, or 4 degrees C below the lower critical temperature (Tc). All muscles were quiet when the hen incubated 40 degrees C egg at Ta = Tsh. When Te was abruptly changed to 25 degrees C, EMG activity in the iliotibialis muscle appeared 3 min before the activity in the pectoralis muscle. Tb dropped from 41.2 degrees to 40.6 degrees C in 14 min. When Te was returned to 40 degrees C, the EMG activity in the pectoralis muscle disappeared almost at once, while the iliotibialis muscle was active until Tb returned to normal. Aerobic muscles seem to be responsible for shivering thermogenesis between Tc and Tsh, while anaerobic muscles are recruited at lower Ta or when the heat loss during incubation becomes severe. PMID- 3220988 TI - Relationship between heat-shock protein synthesis and thermotolerance in rainbow trout fibroblasts. AB - The role of heat-shock protein synthesis in the development of thermotolerance by rainbow trout fibroblasts was examined. During the first 6 h after being shifted from 22 degrees C to 28 degrees C, cells of the rainbow trout fibroblast line, RTG-2, rapidly synthesized the major heat-shock proteins (hsps), hsps 87, 70 and 27, and developed tolerance to 32 degrees C. After 24 h at 28 degrees C hsp synthesis was drastically reduced but thermotolerance was maintained. If these thermotolerant cells were shifted to 32 degrees C, hsp synthesis continued at a very low level, but if they were subsequently returned to 22 degrees C, synthesis of hsps 70 and 27 was induced again. The addition of actinomycin D during the first 6 h at 28 degrees C prevented hsp synthesis and the development of thermotolerance. The presence of actinomycin D during the incubation of thermotolerant cultures at 32 degrees C blocked the reinitiation of hsps synthesis at 22 degrees C but had no effect on survival. Therefore, the hsps that accumulated at 28 degrees C were sufficient to allow cells to survive a subsequent thermal stress at 32 degrees C. PMID- 3220990 TI - A comparative study of aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities in crucian carp and three other vertebrates: apparent adaptations to ethanol production. AB - In the final step of the pathway producing ethanol in anoxic crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.), acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase. The presence of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the tissues responsible for ethanol production could cause an undesired oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate coupled with a reduction of NAD+ to NADH. Moreover, acetaldehyde could competitively inhibit the oxidation of reactive biogenic aldehydes. In the present study, the distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase (measured with a biogenic aldehyde) and alcohol dehydrogenase (measured with acetaldehyde) were studied in organs of crucian carp, common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson), and Norwegian rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout). The results showed that alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities were almost completely spatially separated in the crucian carp. These enzymes occurred together in the other three vertebrates. In the crucian carp, alcohol dehydrogenase was only found in red and white skeletal muscle, while these tissues contained exceptionally low aldehyde dehydrogenase activities. Moreover, the low aldehyde dehydrogenase activity found in crucian carp red muscle was about 1000 times less sensitive to inhibition by acetaldehyde than that found in other tissues and other species. The results are interpreted as demonstrating adaptations to avoid a depletion of ethanol production, and possibly inhibition of biogenic aldehyde metabolism. PMID- 3220989 TI - Oxygen binding properties, capillary densities and heart weights in high altitude camelids. AB - The oxygen binding properties of the blood of the camelid species vicuna, llama, alpaca and dromedary camel were measured and evaluated with respect to interspecific differences. The highest blood oxygen affinity, not only among camelids but of all mammals investigated so far, was found in the vicuna (P50 = 17.6 Torr compared to 20.3-21.6 Torr in the other species). Low hematocrits (23 34%) and small red blood cells (21-30 microns 3) are common features of all camelids, but the lowest values are found in the Lama species. Capillary densities were determined in heart and soleus muscle of vicuna and llama. Again, the vicuna shows exceptional values (3720 cap/mm2 on average in the heart) for a mammal of this body size. Finally, heart weight as percent of body weight is higher in the vicuna (0.7-0.9%) than in the other camelids studied (0.5-0.7%). The possibility that these parameters, measured in New World tylopodes at sea level, are not likely to change considerably with transfer to high altitude, is discussed. In the vicuna, a unique combination of the following features seems to be responsible for an outstanding physical capability at high altitude: saturation of blood with oxygen in the lung is favored by a high blood oxygen affinity, oxygen supply being facilitated by low diffusion distances in the muscle tissue. Loading, as well as unloading, of oxygen is improved by a relatively high oxygen transfer conductance of the red blood cells, which is due to their small size and which compensates the negative effect of a low hematocrit on the oxygen conductance of blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3220991 TI - pH-temperature interactions on protein function and hibernation: GDP binding to brown adipose tissue mitochondria. AB - 1. [3H]GDP binding to the uncoupling protein of brown adipose tissue was determined on mitochondria isolated from hibernating European hamsters, at two temperatures, 35 and 15 degrees C, and four values of 25pH (pH corrected to 25 degrees C): 6.4, 6.8, 7.2 and 7.6, encompassing the physiological range of pH. Buffer composition was adjusted to get the same pH-temperature relationship as for mammalian blood, in which this relationship is mainly determined by protein imidazole buffers. 2. The maximal binding capacity was independent both of temperature and pH. The dissociation constant KD was highly pH-dependent, but was independent of temperature when 25pH was held constant. Under these conditions, the uncoupling protein thus fully conserves its regulatory properties over the temperature range studied (eurythermal adaptation). 3. The temperature coefficient of the apparent pK' for the pH effect (-0.012 +/- 0.004) differed significantly from that of GDP terminal phosphoryl group, but not from that of blood protein imidazole buffer groups, in good agreement with the imidazole alphastat theory. 4. The results indicate that GDP reaction with the protein involves an electrostatic binding with a titratable group of the protein, probably a sulfhydryl. 5. pH modulation of the uncoupling of brown adipose tissue mitochondria probably permits a reversible control of thermogenesis in the hibernation cycle, heat dissipation being inhibited by respiratory acidosis in deep hibernation, but facilitated by the hyperventilation of arousal. PMID- 3220992 TI - Time-course of blood acid-base state during arousal from hibernation in the European hamster. AB - 1. Arterial blood was sampled at 15 min-intervals in European hamsters Cricetus cricetus fitted with indwelling catheters, from deep hibernation to full arousal. Temperature-corrected pH and PCO2, respectively pH* and P*CO2, were directly measured at 37 degrees C. 2. Deep hibernation corresponded to a respiratory acidosis: pH* = 7.01 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SE), P*CO2 = 160 +/- 4 Torr (n = 9 animals). 3. Three periods could be distinguished in the arousal: (i) a period of hyperventilation (28 +/- 5 min), in which P*CO2 was reduced to 79 +/- 4 Torr, while cheek pouch temperature increased only by 0.9 +/- 0.2 degrees C; (ii) a period of metabolic acidification by lactate accumulation (84 +/- 6 min), corresponding to the period of peak thermogenesis; (iii) a progressive return to euthermic conditions (104 +/- 10 min), by simultaneous respiratory and metabolic alkalinization. 4. Over 60% of the blood CO2 stores accumulated at the beginning of the hibernation bout were released by hyperventilation during the first period, prior to the full development of thermogenesis. This is in agreement with the hypothesis of an inhibitory role of the respiratory acidosis in hibernation. PMID- 3220994 TI - Analysis of morpheaform basal cell carcinoma. AB - Biopsies of morpheaform basal cell carcinomas (MBCCs) were separated into 2 groups based on histological features: 1) a pure morpheaform group with narrow elongated strands of basaloid cells in a dense fibrous stroma; and 2) a complex morpheaform group with pure morpheaform regions as well as regions with other histological patterns (nodular, etc.). Analysis by sex and body location revealed a female predominance in the pure morpheaform group. Lesions were found primarily on the mid-face in women with pure MBCCs. Using a monoclonal antibody which identifies eccrine duct in routinely fixed tissues, we could not identify eccrine ductal differentiation in MBCCs. PMID- 3220993 TI - Immature trichoepithelioma: report of six cases. AB - We report 6 cases of an immature variant of trichoepithelioma which histologically appears to show differentiation toward the primitive hair germ. The lesions presented in mature adults (mean age 44 years). Four occurred in men and 2 in women. Four lesions occurred on extremities, an unusual location for trichoepitheliomas. Histologically, the lesions were characterized by well circumscribed, but unencapsulated, dermal collections of small tumor lobules composed of basaloid cells with invaginations resembling primitive dermal hair papillae. There was no adenoidal growth pattern or horn cyst formation. The separation of the immature lesions from those of classical trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma can be made if multiple morphological features are considered; no one particular finding is diagnostic. The major differential features between the immature trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma are circumscription, tumor lobule uniformity, occasional immature hair germs, and lack of retraction artifact of the tumor lobules from the stroma. The differential features between the immature and classical trichoepithelioma are less conspicuous. The immature form typically exhibits no horn cysts, displays fewer primitive hair structures, and lacks the adenoidal growth patterns of the tumor lobules which are usually present in the classical trichoepitheliomas. PMID- 3220995 TI - The 43 kDa papain inhibitor in normal and diseased skin. AB - The presence of 43 kDa papain inhibitor in 43 different skin diseases was immunohistochemically studied by using both poly- and monoclonal antibodies. Psoriasis and various eczematoid reactions as well as viral infections showed the most pronounced staining in the squamous cells of the epidermis. The antigen was also present in benign tumours or precancerous lesions which showed keratinization. Cells of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, basal cell carcinomas and melanocytic tumours were negative. The antigen seems to be related to disturbed keratinization and benign proliferation in non-neoplastic dermatoses and it is also present in differentiating squamous neoplasms. PMID- 3220996 TI - A clear cell pilar sheath tumor of scalp: case report. AB - A long-standing tumor of scalp is reported characterized histologically by extensive proliferation of pilar epithelium made up exclusively of cells with small round nuclei and clear cytoplasms containing glycogen granules. The tumor epithelium showed no tendency for keratinization and no cytologic atypia. The growth, however, appeared aggressive and replaced the entire thickness of the dermis and extended into the subcutaneous fat tissue. PMID- 3220997 TI - Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus. AB - A case of porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) affecting all 4 extremities is described. Clinically, palmo-plantar lesions resembled those of nevus comedonicus and the remaining lesions those of linear verrucous epidermal nevus. Histologically, all lesions were identical with cornoid lamellae in the eccrine ostia and epidermal ducts. PMID- 3220998 TI - Giant solitary sebaceous gland hyperplasia clinically simulating epidermoid cyst. AB - We report an unusual case of sebaceous gland hyperplasia manifested clinically as a large solitary intracutaneous nodule, which was at first diagnosed as an epidermoid cyst. Histologically, the nodule consisted of a single large central cavity connected with numerous fully-matured sebaceous glands. We discuss the unique clinical appearance and its histopathological differential diagnosis including sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous trichofolliculoma, organoid nevus and sebaceous gland hyperplasia. PMID- 3220999 TI - Erythrophagocytosis in the skin: case report. AB - A 68-year-old male with a myelodysplastic syndrome developed a bulla on his right thigh. A skin biopsy revealed a subepidermal cleavage containing fibrin and a mononuclear cell infiltrate exhibiting prominent erythrophagocytosis. Erythrophagocytosis by mononuclear cells was present, to a lesser extent, throughout the dermis and in the subcutis. Immunoperoxidase studies with anti lysozyme and anti-alpha-l-chymotrypsin confirmed the histiocytic nature of the phagocytic cells. Only a few prior reports of cutaneous erythrophagocytosis exist in the literature. In contrast to the generally grave clinical manifestations of the patients described in previous publications documenting erythrophagocytosis, this patient lacked a concomitant hematologic deterioration or serious systemic illness. PMID- 3221000 TI - Clear-cell, basal cell carcinoma: histopathological, histochemical, and electron microscopic findings. AB - Another histological variant of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is described. This clear-cell variant appeared as a recurrent lesion on the back of an elderly man. Histological examination revealed that part of the tumor was composed of clear cells with faintly eosinophilic cytoplasm. Degenerative changes were present, along with calcium deposition. Mucin was present within the stroma and within the degenerative areas of the tumor. Staining with anti-S-100, anti-keratin, and anti carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies was negative. Electron microscopy demonstrated epithelium-derived cells with marked phagolysosomal accumulation within the cytoplasm. We conclude that this clear-cell variant is due to degenerative change within a BCC. PMID- 3221001 TI - Perforating pilomatricoma. AB - A case of perforating pilomatricoma is described. A few published cases have shared the following features: rapid development, reddish exophytic clinical appearance with surface alterations suggestive of perforation, relatively shallow location making contact with the epidermis, and the occurrence of transepithelial elimination phenomena. PMID- 3221002 TI - Leu 8-positive cells in discoid lupus erythematosus and Jessner-Kanof's lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin. PMID- 3221003 TI - The importance of water temperature in denture cleaning procedures. PMID- 3221004 TI - Spectral analysis of the electromyogram: a microcomputer system for use in the clinic and laboratory. PMID- 3221005 TI - Severe pulmonary artery hypertension. PMID- 3221006 TI - Treatment of hypertensive crisis in children with nifedipine. AB - We report 31 episodes of hypertensive crises in children, managed with sublingual nifedipine at the following dosages: 10 mg in children with body weight (BW) higher than 20 kg, 5 mg in children with BW between 10 and 20 kg, and 2.5 mg in children with BW below 10 kg. The mean initial blood pressures were 161.41 mm Hg for the systolic pressure (mSBP) and 111.25 mm Hg for the diastolic pressure (mDBP). After nifedipine, both the mSBP and the mDBP decreased, with onset of effect five minutes after dosage and maximum decrease at 60 min (mSBP 134.93 mm Hg, mDBP 79.23 mm Hg, for decreases of 16.4 and 28.7%, respectively), and this effect persisted for 180 min. Blood pressure increased again from min 240 to min 360, yet without reaching the initial levels. One case did not respond to the first dose of nifedipine and required a second one. The effect of nifedipine was more pronounced on the DBP than on the SBP, and greater reductions of both pressures were achieved in the cases with higher initial readings. No side of medication were observed in our patients. PMID- 3221007 TI - Intracranial pressure in childhood central nervous system infections. AB - To determinate the importance of intracranial hypertension in central nervous system (CNS) acute infections, we studied intracranial pressure (ICP) in 27 patients, age 45 days to 13 years. Fourteen had meningitis and 13 had encephalitis; all were in deep coma with Glasgow Coma Scale 7 or less. Intracranial hypertension defined by a mean ICP above 15 mmHg, was observed in 12 patients with meningitis (86%) and in 9 with encephalitis (69%). Patients with meningitis exhibited a sudden and severe intracranial hypertension. A striking difference was noted between survivors and non survivors who had a very high maximal ICP with a severe reduction of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Intracranial hypertension occurred in all patients with acute primary encephalitis but in only 3/7 patients with post-infectious encephalitis. ICP monitoring seems to be important in the comatose forms of: (1) bacterial meningitis in the early period (2) herpes encephalitis (3) post-infectious encephalitis with severe status epilepticus. PMID- 3221008 TI - Investigation of the spontaneous modes of breathing of different ventilators. AB - We investigated six ventilator systems which were designed to allow spontaneous breathing. The time delay between initiation of inspiratory effort and the beginning of inspiratory gas flow was measured, as was the amount of negative (to ambient) pressure generated in the airway needed to produce the gas flow. We found that the flow-by program of the Puritan-Bennett 7200 caused minimal time delay and virtually no negative pressure was required to instigate gas flow. This should be contrasted with the other ventilator systems, which caused significant delay and inspiratory effort and hence increased work of breathing. PMID- 3221009 TI - Predicting outcome among intensive care unit patients using computerised trend analysis of daily Apache II scores corrected for organ system failure. AB - Daily Apache II scores were determined prospectively on 310 consecutive adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients to reflect the dynamic pathophysiological processes affecting ICU patients. Organ failure scores were derived from the Apache II scores by applying a coefficient which corresponded to the number and duration of organ failures to account for the increased mortality associated with established major organ-system failures. Computerised trend analysis of data from the first 100 patients was used to develop criteria for predicting hospital outcome of the ICU patients. The analysis took into account the absolute value of the daily scores and the rate of change relative to that of the previous day. Allowance was made for changes in scores as a result of surgery or major iatrogenic complications arising after admission to the ICU. The criteria were then tested prospectively on the next 210 consecutive ICU patients. Predictions by Apache II assessments were NOT used to influence clinical decisions during the study period. It was possible to predict with a specificity of 100% 37 out of the 72 deaths in the test group. The predictive power of daily organ failure scores was superior to those obtained from a single Apache II assessment or from daily Apache II scores by a factor of 5.3 and 1.4 respectively. The estimated long-term risk of a false prediction is 1.4% at the 95% confidence level. PMID- 3221010 TI - Audit of intensive care: a 30 month experience using the Apache II severity of disease classification system. AB - 608 patients admitted to a general Intensive Care Unit (ICU) over a 30 month period were analyzed according to the Apache II Severity of Disease Classification System on day one of admission. Hospital outcome details were available on 583 patients in the series. The mean Apache II scores for survivors (396) and non-survivors (187) were 13 (SD 7) and 24 (SD 9), and their Risk of Death were 16 (SD 16) and 47 (SD 27) respectively (p less than 0.001 for both). The majority of deaths (75%: 141/187) in our series came from those with chronic ill health (55%: 103/187), of whom 37% (38/103) were in endstage disease, and those with "old" trauma (18%: 34/187) often with incipient sepsis transferred from other hospitals after a mean delay of 9 days. Our higher than predicted mortality (mortality ratio 1.2) in comparison with centres in the United States of America (US) may be partly explained by the high proportion of our population from these unfavourable groups, by our use of the best Glasgow Coma Scale in the first 24 h following admission, and the major differences between our patient population and that of the US upon which the Apache II was based. The presence of these large unfavourable groups indicates a change in our admission policy is warranted. PMID- 3221011 TI - Bacteremia following cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - After out of hospital CPR thirty three resuscitated patients were studied for bacteremic complications. Thirteen patients (39%) had two or more positive blood cultures during the twelve hours following CPR. Source of superinfection was a central venous catheter in one case (staphylococcus). The twelve other bacteremic patients had fetid diarrhea a few hours after admission. The same organism were found in blood and faeces (streptococcus D, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter, enterobacter). Mesenteric ischemia caused by a low cardiac output may explain the diarrhea and the intestinal origin of the septicemia. All patients (12 cases) with diarrhoea and bacteremia died. Patients who recovered without neurologic sequelae (4 cases) had never been septic and never had diarrhea. PMID- 3221012 TI - Extracorporeal CO2-removal with a heparin coated artificial lung. AB - Treatment of severe acute respiratory failure with extracorporeal gas exchange necessitating near complete systemic anticoagulation requires a delicate balance to be maintained between disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhagic complications. The present study describes our first experience using a heparin coated extracorporeal artificial lung and circuitry during clinical extracorporeal CO2 removal. In spite of a partial thromboplastin time and activated clotting time within or close to the normal range, neither laboratory evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by the extracorporeal circuit nor thrombi in the pulmonary vasculature were found. Scanning electron microscopy of the heparin coated hollow fiber gas exchanger demonstrated only minor deposits on the surface. Use of a heparin coated artificial lung may enhance the margin of safety of extracorporeal gas exchange and ultimately broaden its indications. PMID- 3221013 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica septicaemia. AB - Septicaemia from Yersinia enterocolitica carries a mortality of up to 80%. We report the successful management of a case who required intensive therapy, including inotropic and ventilatory support. PMID- 3221014 TI - Physical and psychological symptoms experienced by Canadian women and their husbands during pregnancy and the postpartum. AB - This study was designed to determine the type and frequency of physical and psychological symptoms reported by pregnant and postpartal women and their husbands, and to determine the relationship between spouses' strength of identification and similarities in their reports of symptoms. The sample included 20 couples who resided in south-eastern Ontario, Canada who completed a checklist of 20 physical and three psychological symptoms. Findings indicated that wives and husbands experienced a variety of physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum. Although few symptoms were shared by spouses, the similarities in their reports were statistically significant. There was no evidence of a relationship between spouses' strength of identification and similarities in their symptom reports. PMID- 3221015 TI - Humour and the older adult: implications for nursing. AB - This correlational descriptive study examined the relationship between the uses of humour and health outcomes as measured by perceived health, life satisfaction, and morale in older adults. The sample of this pilot study consisted of 24 volunteers from a senior citizen community centre who are ambulatory adults over 61 years old. Subjects were administered questionnaires which consisted of a demographic data sheet, the Situational Humour Response Questionnaire, Coping Humour Scale, Current Health Subscale, Life Satisfaction Index, and the Affect Balance Scale. The findings revealed significant (P less than 0.05) positive relationships between situational humour and perceived health (r = 0.43), and situational humour and morale (r = 0.38). Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship between coping humour and perceived health (r = -0.46). These findings suggest that humour may be one phenomenon which influences the older adult's perception of perceived health, life satisfaction and morale and may assist in successful ageing. These preliminary findings support the need for further research to examine these relationships with a larger study. PMID- 3221016 TI - Lip function and eating after a stroke: a nursing perspective. AB - The social and psychological effects of eating and drinking difficulties are often overlooked. The collection of food around the lips during meals is an example of a little discussed but embarrassing and unsightly problem commonly experienced after a stroke. In a group of 20 stroke patients, the incidence of this problem was significantly higher than that found in a group of medical patients of similar age and sex (P less than 0.001). It was a cause of some distress to patients. Analysis of the care given to this group of patients at mealtimes would suggest that there is scope for nurses to contribute more to the rehabilitation of patients' lip function after stroke. The efficacy of therapy has yet to be evaluated. PMID- 3221017 TI - Nursing care as a moral, practical, communicative and creative activity. AB - In this paper nursing care is studied by philosophical inquiry. According to the outlined philosophical theory, nursing can be conceived as a moral, practical, communicative and creative activity. This means that nursing care is viewed as a manifestation of a conception of the good life, that it is related to some kind of changes or non-changes with respect to the patient, that it is oriented towards reaching understanding and that something new, unpredictable and meaningful is created in the nursing interaction. The theory is defended by scientific, moral and practical arguments. Habermas' theory of communicative action plays a central part in the outlined theory of nursing care. PMID- 3221019 TI - How hospital ward members treat learner nurses: an investigation of learners' perceptions in a British hospital. AB - Twenty-five learner nurses who had just completed their first two wards were questionned about the behaviour of other ward members towards them. Although many ward sisters' and charge nurses' behaviour was positive towards learners, just under 50% of learners' responses indicated that the ward sister/charge nurse was sometimes rude and did not make them feel 'at home'. The ward sister/charge nurse's behaviour was, on average, more negative than another liked qualified staff, whose behaviour was more negative than a more experienced student on the ward. The ward sister/charge nurse's behaviour was the major determinant of ward preference by the learner. However, the behaviour of ward members tended to correlate, providing evidence of a 'ward atmosphere'. There is a need for leadership and educational training for ward sisters and charge nurses. PMID- 3221018 TI - An investigation of anxiety following termination of pregnancy. AB - This study reports the results of an investigation into the immediate effects of termination of pregnancy on levels of anxiety experienced by a group of 21 women, half of whom had supportive partners, and the other half of whom did not. Subjects were interviewed and administered the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory within hours of their operation, and the scores for the two groups were compared. Results indicated that support of a partner was the best predictor of state, but not trait anxiety, and that state anxiety was the only variable which distinguished the women with supportive partners from those without supportive partners. Implications for the provision of immediate post-termination counselling support are discussed. PMID- 3221020 TI - Food refusal amongst nursing home patients as conceptualized by nurses' aids and enrolled nurses: an interview study. AB - One hundred and forty-three nurses' aids and 48 enrolled nurses at nursing homes in Sweden were interviewed about food refusal among patients. It became evident that their concepts of 'food refusal' and 'forced feeding' were very vague. This could partly be explained by the lack of knowledge among staff of how to interpret the frequent ambiguous eating behaviours among demented patients. It has been suggested that concept clarification and ethical analysis might reduce anxiety among staff caring for patients with severe eating problems. PMID- 3221021 TI - Application of King's Theory of Nursing to the care of the adult with diabetes. AB - This paper demonstrates how King's theory of goal attainment can be applied to the care of the adult with diabetes mellitus. Salient components of King's theory are presented followed by application of the theory using the nursing process as a framework. An example of a nurse-patient interaction is used to more clearly present the application. The advantages of King's theory in relation to the care of the diabetic adult are also discussed. PMID- 3221022 TI - Indwelling catheterization and related nursing practice. AB - A survey of patients with an indwelling urethral catheter was conducted over a 14 day period in five randomly selected district general hospitals in England. The demographic characteristics of the patients and the types of catheter and urinary drainage bags used were recorded. Observational techniques were used to describe nursing care during meatal cleansing and bag emptying Over the 14-day study period 294 patients were catheterized giving an overall daily incidence of catherization of 11.2 per 1000 of the average daily population. Nurses inserted over 50% of catheters and subsequently maintained all closed urinary drainage systems. The closed system was broken for 42% of patients and only 48% of drainage bags were always observed in the correct position. Techniques aimed at preventing infection were observed more frequently when meatal cleansing was performed separately from daily hygiene. The frequency of hand washing, both before and after meatal cleansing and bag emptying, was low. It is concluded that the procedures and practices involved in the care of the urinary drainage system require re-evaluation and re-emphasis. PMID- 3221023 TI - Writing behavioural objectives: an evaluation of a simple, inexpensive method. AB - This study demonstrated experimental control of nurse compliance with writing behavioural objectives in a National Health Service adult training unit for mentally handicapped adults. At the baseline, low rates of compliance in writing complete behavioural objectives (i.e. an objective referring to a resident, an action, a prompt and a target) were identified. A simple environmental manipulation, namely redesigning the activity charts, led to an increase in writing complete behavioural objectives. Experimental control was demonstrated using a multiple baseline design across two groups of staff. Nurse compliance with writing adequate prompts and targets was less than compliance with writing names and behaviours. Greater degrees of compliance may require alternative methods of staff management such as feedback procedures. PMID- 3221025 TI - Professionalization--or struggle for survival? A consideration of current proposals for the reform of nursing in the United Kingdom. AB - Should the current proposals to reorganize nursing work and training in the United Kingdom be understood as part of a strategy of professionalization? Traditional sociology and traditional nursing historiography tend to regard professional status as a natural occupational goal, and the widespread use of the rhetoric of professionalism in nurses' own writings and speeches would seem to endorse this. However, more recent work which uses empirical studies rather than secondary accounts and adopts different starting points is offering new perspectives. The documents proposing reform should perhaps be viewed more fruitfully as a struggle for survival through the evolution of a new occupational model, rather than as a covert quest for traditional professional status. PMID- 3221024 TI - Validation therapy with the demented elderly. AB - This paper describes validation therapy--a method of communicating with disorientated people through the use of specific interactive techniques. It is compared with reality orientation as this is the most widely used therapy for demented patients. The method of evaluating the effects of validation group therapy is included. The authors suggest that validation therapy is an exciting and important therapeutic development which can restore self-worth and ease the stress suffered by elderly people with dementia. PMID- 3221027 TI - Grant for AIDS research. PMID- 3221026 TI - A follow-up of the graduates of the 3-year post-registration Bachelor of Nursing degree course in the University of Wales. AB - This paper considers several aspects of the graduates of the 3-year Bachelor of Nursing course at the University of Wales College of Medicine. These include career progression, perceptions of the usefulness of aspects of the course, and the reactions of others to the fact that they have a degree. Information was elicited by a postal questionnaire which is administered annually to all graduates. The findings of the study are clearly limited due to a small sample size. They do, however, indicate that the graduates of the course so far have stayed in nursing posts, largely in teaching and administration, and the loss to the profession has been extremely small. Overall, the graduates found many aspects of the course very useful to posts held, and experienced various reactions of other professionals to the fact that they had a degree. Due to the relatively short time that this course has been in existence and the fact that the first groups were very small in number, the findings of the study merely suggest trends in the career patterns and perceptions of graduates which need to be continually monitored before statements can be made with confidence. They do, however, have implications when considering the function and contribution of these nurse graduates to the nursing profession. PMID- 3221028 TI - Attaining and maintaining preparation: a comparison of attention in hyperactive, normal, and disturbed control children. AB - The hypothesis that hyperactive children have a deficit in sustained attention was investigated. Eighteen children who had attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH), aged 7 to 11 years, were compared with children who had conduct disorder (n = 15), mixed conduct disorder and ADDH (n = 26), emotional disorder (n = 18), or learning disability (n = 22), and with normal controls (n = 15). The subjects were tested on three versions of the Continuous Performance Task. Sustained attention was assessed from performance with increasing time on task and from ability to prepare attention in response to a warning. Performance of all subjects deteriorated with increasing time and improved with the opportunity to prepare attention. Hyperactive subjects were not more adversely affected by increasing time, nor did they benefit less than controls from the opportunity to prepare attention. Data reanalysis after rediagnosis according to ICD-9 criteria did not change the results. This study did not confirm the hypothesis that hyperactive children have a unique sustained attention deficit. PMID- 3221029 TI - The effects of methylphenidate on levels of processing and laterality in children with attention deficit disorder. AB - Effects of stimulant medication (methylphenidate) on levels (feature, name, semantic) of word processing by the left and right hemisphere were assessed in 31 attention-deficit-disordered children. In a double-blind procedure, same different decisions were made to tachistoscopically presented word pairs under medication and placebo. Analysis of manual response times failed to show any negative effects of medication. Feature decisions were faster than name decisions, which were faster than semantic decisions. Methylphenidate induced a right visual field advantage (left hemisphere) for the name decision, which was interpreted as a normalization effect. The results suggest that (1) methylphenidate may selectively improve the phonological level of word processing and (2) methylphenidate's favorable therapeutic effect is produced through inhibition of excessive right hemisphere activity in response to task demands that engage the left hemisphere. PMID- 3221030 TI - A comparison of depressed and nondepressed disturbed children on measures of attributional style, hopelessness, life stress, and temperament. AB - Upon admission to a hospital treatment program, clinically depressed and nondepressed children (aged 9-17 years) were assessed on measures of attributional style, hopelessness, depression, life stress, and child temperament. The depressed group tended to attribute positive events to specific and unstable factors when compared with the nondepressed sample. Group differences also were found on child temperament measures. However, no differences were reported between the diagnostic groups on self-reported depression, hopelessness, or life stress. The findings suggested that there may not be a unique constellation of cognitive characteristics in depressed children when compared with a nondepressed clinical sample. For both depressed and nondepressed groups, treatment did appear to affect self-reported depression and overall ratings of depressogenic attributional style. PMID- 3221032 TI - Overanxious disorder: an examination of developmental differences. AB - Differences between a clinical sample of younger (ages 5 to 11) and older (ages 12 to 19) children meeting DSM-III criteria for overanxious disorder (OAD) were examined. Younger and older children were compared in terms of (1) the rates of OAD diagnoses occurring in the two age groups, (2) sociodemographic characteristics, (3) symptom expression, (4) association with other forms of maladjustment, and (5) self-reported anxiety and depression. The prevalence of OAD diagnoses and sociodemographic characteristics did not differ. Although younger and older OAD children showed similar rates of most specific DSM-III OAD symptoms, older children presented with a higher total number of overanxious symptoms than younger children. Older children more frequently exhibited a concurrent major depression or simple phobia, whereas younger OAD children more commonly had coexisting separation anxiety or attention deficit disorders. Older OAD children reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression on self-report measures. Findings indicated that the expression of OAD varies by developmental level. PMID- 3221031 TI - Cognitive training in academically deficient ADDH boys receiving stimulant medication. AB - This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 16-week intensive cognitive training program in stimulant-treated, academically deficient ADDH boys. Cognitive training focused exclusively on academic skills and tasks, and included attack strategy training as well as self-monitoring and self-reinforcement of problem solving behaviors and response accuracy. Control groups included remedial tutoring plus medication, and medication alone. Despite the scope of the program, the results provided no support for the notion that academically based cognitive training ameliorates the performance and achievement of academically deficient ADDH youngsters. Further, this intervention did not enhance self-esteem or attributional perceptions of academic functioning. There was poor agreement between teacher ratings of academic competence and test score changes. The lack of concordance between measures, and the scarcity of academically deficient ADDH children are discussed. PMID- 3221033 TI - The Hopelessness Scale for Children: psychometric properties with normal and emotionally disturbed adolescents. AB - The psychometric properties of the Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC) were evaluated with a sample of 834 normal adolescents and 93 adolescent suicide attempters. Factor analyses studies revealed two factors with both groups. Internal consistency with item-total score correlations were acceptable, while moderate test-retest reliability was found over a 10-week period with the normal sample. Support for the validity of the HSC was provided via studies with the suicide attempter group in which positive correlations with depression and depressive attributional style were found. Predicted differences between the suicide attempters, an outpatient psychiatric sample, and normal controls were also found. However, some items did not appear to discriminate suicide attempters from controls. Results are discussed in terms of the utility of the HSC with adolescents and adolescent suicide attempters and with regard to differences between child and adult samples in hopelessness. PMID- 3221034 TI - Attempted suicide in youth: its relationship to school achievement, educational goals, and socioeconomic status. AB - Twenty-six suicide attempters, 9 to 18 years of age, were compared with 725 nonattempters on measures of school achievement, educational goals, socioeconomic status, and depression. As has been found in studies using clinical samples, suicide attempters in our community-based sample had significantly lower school achievement than nonattempters. The relationship between attempted suicide and low school achievement seemed to be explained by the effects of depression. Lower SES youth tended to be more likely to attempt suicide than higher-SES youths. However, SES appeared to have little effect on the relationship between attempted suicide and school achievement. Results also suggest that children of mothers with low educational goals for them may be more at risk for attempted suicide than youths whose mothers have higher educational goals for their children. PMID- 3221035 TI - Determination of the intracellular protein thiol distribution of hepatocytes using monobromobimane derivatisation of intact cells and isolated subcellular fractions. AB - The derivatisation of intact rat hepatocytes with monobromobimane resulted in rapid labelling of accessible protein thiols in several subcellular fractions. The derivatisation procedure did not cause acute cytotoxicity, nor did it alter the buoyant densities of the fractions or their gross protein compositions. Quantitation of the fluorescence irreversibly associated with the fractions demonstrated considerable intracellular heterogeneity in this pool of thiols. Values were highest in cytosol (ca. 90 nmol/mg protein), intermediate in microsomes (ca. 65 nmol/mg protein) and mitochondria (ca. 45 nmol/mg protein) and lowest in a crude fraction containing both nuclei and plasma membrane (ca. 35 nmol/mg protein). Similar values were obtained from microsomes and cytosol derivatised after fractionation but there were significant increases of ca. 100% in corresponding values from isolated mitochondria and the nuclear/plasma membrane fraction. These results are discussed in terms of the dynamic fluxes in monobromobimane protein thiols during fractionation and the applicability of this noninvasive method to studies of the mechanism(s) of toxicity of reactive xenobiotics and the role(s) of protein thiols in normal cellular function. PMID- 3221037 TI - Reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography used to study the simultaneous effect of pH and ion strength on the lipophilicity of chlorhexidine. AB - The effect of ion strength and pH value of the eluent on the determination of the lipophilicity of chlorhexidine was studied by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. The method has been improved by using various buffers: aqueous solutions of formic, acetic and propionic acids and their sodium salts in different ratios and in various concentrations. Stepwise regression analysis separated the effect of pH value, ion strength and acid type on the lipophilicity of chlorhexidine and proved that the ion strength exerted a higher impact than the pH value did. The effect of alkyl chain length of the acids was of secondary importance. PMID- 3221036 TI - The enzyme coupling process in urease immobilization on O-alkylated nylon tubes. AB - Coupling of Jack bean urease (EC 3.5.1.5) to the inside surface of type 6 nylon tubes, activated by high-temperature O-alkylation with dimethyl sulphate and modified subsequently with lysine and glutaraldehyde, was investigated to establish optimal experimental conditions for the coupling process. For the system described, the most active immobilized urease derivatives were prepared with 2 mg/ml of the solubilized urease solution and use of higher enzyme concentrations proved wasteful. Although urease coupling without thermal denaturation of the solubilized enzyme was achieved at 20 degrees C, derivatives prepared at 37 degrees C yielded maximal activity over the 3 h coupling period. Also, longer incubations of the enzyme solution in the tube were unnecessary under these conditions. Optimal pH for the coupling process was 6.5, one at which the solubilized enzyme was most stable. PMID- 3221038 TI - Application of differential flow microcalorimetry for study of drug interactions in the blood system. AB - A compact differential flow microcalorimeter has been developed to investigate biomolecular reactions, especially drug interactions in the blood system. The calorimeter is an adiabatic type and consists of a twin-cell structure, each mixing part having a volume of 60 microliters. Both the precision and accuracy of the instrument have been evaluated by dilution of sucrose solutions to be 0.1 0.5% at a heat effect of 100-10 microW. The resolution is approximately 0.5 microW (less than 10(-3) Torr). The heat produced in erythrocyte hemolysis induced by chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) and the binding heat of CPZ to human blood components viz., intact erythrocytes, erythrocyte membranes, serum albumin and plasma were measured. The heat effect of hemolysis was endothermic and related to the quantity of free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes. The overall binding of CPZ to blood components was, however, an exothermic process. The thermodynamic and binding parameters were computed directly from the calorimetric data by use of a nonlinear least squares regression method, assuming a one-class binding model, and the stoichiometry of the binding reaction was determined. PMID- 3221039 TI - alpha-Oligodeoxynucleotide stability in serum, subcellular extracts and culture media. AB - Degradation of a synthetic alpha-oligodeoxynucleotide was studied in order to compare its survival with naturally occurring beta-oligodeoxynucleotides in five systems used for antisense hybridization arrest experiments. In contrast to beta oligodeoxynucleotides, alpha-oligodeoxynucleotides were not detectably degraded over 24 h at 37 degrees C in HeLa cell postmitochondrial cytoplasmic extract or RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum, and showed significant survival after 24 h at 37 degrees C in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, fetal bovine serum and human serum. PMID- 3221040 TI - N-succinyl-alanyl-methionyl-S-benzylcysteine p-nitroanilide as a sensitive substrate for assaying activity of cysteine proteinases. AB - N-Succinyl-alanyl-methionyl-S-benzylcysteine p-nitroanilide has been found to be a very sensitive chromogenic substrate for the assay of cysteine proteinase papain, ficin and bromelain. N-Succinyl-alanyl-S-benzylcysteine p-nitroanilide and N-succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-S-benzylcysteine p-nitroanilide are also suitable for this purpose. These substrates were hydrolyzed only very slightly or not hydrolyzed at all by trypsin. PMID- 3221041 TI - Development of thyroid disease in patients with primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Autoimmune thyroid disease associated to Sjogren syndrome (SS) may be defined by serological and functional abnormalities. We studied the prevalence of serum anti thyroid autoantibodies and the development of thyroid functional defects by a follow-up investigation in patients with primary (pSS) and secondary SS (sSS). In keeping with previous literature data, our findings confirmed an increased prevalence of thyroid autoimmune phenomena in the whole series of patients with SS. In addition, evidence was provided for a greater incidence of serological and functional thyroid abnormalities in pSS when compared to sSS. Follow-up study also showed that the rate of thyroid autoimmune disease development was higher in pSS than in sSS. The appearance of circulating anti-thyroid antibodies was particularly frequent in patients with preexisting antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA). These data indicate the need for a careful monitoring of thyroid function in SS patients, with particular regard to those with pSS and positive anti-ENA tests. PMID- 3221043 TI - Thyroid hemiagenesis associated with the right aortic arch. AB - The case of a 38-year-old woman with left thyroid hemiagenesis associated with the right aortic arch is presented. The diagnosis of hemiagenesis was established by isotopic and ultrasonic imaging, and also by angiographically defined absence of the left thyroid arteries. The aortogram revealed a right aortic arch with isolation of the left subclavian artery from the aorta. Although the significance and mechanism of the concomitant development of these anomalies is unknown, this case may be the first report in the literature. PMID- 3221042 TI - Thyroid hormone analog inhibition of hepatic 5'-iodothyronine deiodinase activity. AB - Studies using thyroid hormone analogs have provided insight into the structural requirements for thyromimetic activity and for thyroid hormone binding to thyroxine-binding globulin, thyroxine-binding prealbumin, and nuclear T3 receptors. To determine the structural specifications for iodothyronine interaction with 5'-iodothyronine deiodinase (5'-ITD), we examined the ability of 35 thyroid hormone analogs to inhibit hepatic T4 5'-deiodination in vitro. The compounds were incubated in concentrations of 0.1-500 microM with rat liver homogenates, and concentrations producing 50% inhibition of T3 production were calculated. Those iodothyronine analogs which likely serve as substrate for 5' ITD, e.g.rT3 and 3',5'-T2, and those which have one tyrosyl iodide were the most potent inhibitors of 5'-ITD activity. The presence of tyrosyl iodides enhanced inhibition by compounds with alkyl and halogen substitutions. Inhibition was likely due to direct interaction with the enzyme, since it was readily reversed by DTT. The terminal amino and phenolic hydroxyl groups, as well as the ether linkage, do not appear to be essential components of enzyme interaction. PMID- 3221044 TI - Serum thyroglobulin concentration may be a clue to the mechanism of amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 3221045 TI - [Importance of the initial examination after a rape in considering the criminal penalty and indemnification of the victim in a civil suit. Review of the documents from one Court of Assizes over 11 years]. AB - The gynaecologist-obstetrician may be the medical witness who has to give evidence about the extent of the initial trauma after the presumption of a sexual assault on a victim who comes to consult him, or as an expert witness. The certificate that he gives at the time of the first consultation is an essential document for the examining magistrates who have to decide whether there has been an offence. It is also a very great help to support the brief for the lawyers in a civil action taken by the victim, who is claiming damages as compensation for physical or psychological damage resulting from the sexual abuse. The authors reported it useful to look through 64 case documents that were considered in 11 years. They studied the differences in the penalties that were awarded for criminal offences and the sums of money for indemnity that were awarded in civil cases. These were before the new law concerning rape was passed on the 23rd December 1980, and after this law had been applied. It tends to improve the position for the victim in civil cases and increases the sentences that can be passed for aggravated rape (as on a minor by an adult, or in particular somebody who has a position of responsibility to the child). The authors point out especially how important it is to take note of sexual precocity and to have a detailed account of the first investigations carried out after the sexual assault. These can be used to make the sentences differ and to make it possible to increase and widen the awards given to compensate the victims. As far as civil action is concerned, as there is usually a fixed scale for every regional Court of Assizes according to a definite formula, it is advisable according to the authors that the initial expert assessment presented by the magistrates should establish in its conclusions the details of the indemnity to be considered by professional judges of the Assize juries. They should take particular notice of added injuries that are not physical and are often not considered, such as pain and suffering, loss of pleasure and the aesthetic, the sexual, the obstetrical and the moral as well as the juvenile points of view. In certain cases ad full medical assessment presented before the end of the case will help the professional judges of the jury of Assizes who have to give judgment in a civil action by giving them information that will support the true interests of the victim. PMID- 3221046 TI - [Support and suspension of the pelvic viscera in women. Functional and surgical anatomy]. AB - This work is an attempt to settle the semantics of the pelvic connective tissues based on the international nomenclature (Nomina Anatomica) on the one hand on the other following a study of the macroscopic anatomy together with the microscopic appearances and a functional study together with a radiological study which includes in particular tomodensitometry. The Pelvic viscera are held in position by visceral fasciae which are continuous with the parietal pelvic fascia and the retro peritoneal connective tissue. This connective tissue, which is moderately loose, is arranged around the blood vessels as visceral ligaments. These are more obvious when traction is exerted during surgical operations and it resembles the way strands of a net come together when they are being stretched. It is essential to ligate and cut these ligaments if the viscera are to be freed. The surfaces which join the viscera together (the septum and the retro-pubic and retro-rectal spaces) are very important and from the biomechanical point of view resemble bonds that are stuck together. In fact, their resistance has the effect of interlocking neighbouring surfaces, and so effects a better distribution of pressures that are exerted and of their absorption. The changes that take place at rest and at movement of the pelvic organs during the menopause and during pregnancy and the puerperium have been studied. The role of episiotomy in particular as a step towards preventing urinary incontinence is emphasized. In fact, it lessens the pull on the external fibres of the sphincter muscle of the urethra which are bound up with the tissues of the vaginal wall. We have found in 140 women who have been operated on for stress incontinence that 62% had a tear or an episiotomy that was carried out late and that was insufficiently large; 13.9% had a tear: and 11.4%, on the other hand, had an episiotomy without a tear. On the other hand, in another group of similar women over the age of 45 who had had an episiotomy, 16.17% had stress incontinence. PMID- 3221047 TI - [Prevention of prematurity in a community. Study in a community of Maghrebian immigrants]. AB - The North African migrants who deliver at the hospital of Mantes La Jolie have a very low premature delivery rate (2.9%). This is surprising because they would classically be at high risk for prematurity and they often fail to take any notice of our suggestions to prevent this. A study of the mechanisms that could be invoked to explain this good result has led us to describe a prophylactic system that works in the North African community of this town. This system is based on mutual exchanges and aids established as a kind of network. The authors have set out in the list of this population of North Africans which they studied three groups of women A, B, C, who are classified according to the degree of culture they have acquired. This culture makes it possible for others to take part within the network of communal aid; the most cultured of the women (who are the most westernized) are the least involved in this system. This preventive system within the community allows the very low use of the hospital to put the women to rest and very low numbers who have to take beta-mimetics. PMID- 3221048 TI - [Immunohistology in assessment of the spread of cancer]. AB - The prognosis of cancers is conditioned by tumoral extension. We report a case of a squamous carcinoma of the vulva where pathological examination had been at fault. An immunohistological study performed with monoclonal antibodies revealed a lymph node micro-metastasis. This case emphasizes the importance of estimating the tumoral extension by simultaneous pathological and immunological examinations. PMID- 3221050 TI - [Pregnancy in women undergoing dialysis in chronic renal insufficiency. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - There are few cases of chronic renal deficiency associated with pregnancy for the following reasons: lowered fertility, a high level of spontaneous early abortions and unwillingness of doctors to allow such pregnancies to continue. The authors report their personal experience of three cases with different outcomes: one, delivery nearly at term, one premature delivery without complications and one premature delivery with neonatal death. The authors, having studied the literature, point out that there are different problems, on the one hand because od kidney conditions requiring more frequent dialysis and on the other hand the obstetrical conditions and in particular high blood pressure with its risk of premature delivery, and finally of intrauterine growth retardation. Finally, the authors point out how important it is to have effective contraception and, if pregnancy does occur, how important it is for the nephrologist, the obstetrician and the paediatrician to cooperate in the care of the patients. PMID- 3221049 TI - [Study of the relation of gynecologic and obstetric findings and psychological disorders of pregnancy and the puerperium]. AB - The relationship between gynaecological and obstetrical parameters and psychological troubles in pregnancy and after delivery are a matter of much debate. This arises partly because of different methods of studying the conditions and because of epidemiological studies that have been carried out on this subject. This longitudinal prospective study has been carried out on 211 women who were delivered in the maternity department of Louis Mourier Hospital. The figure for anxiety (in the de Bonis scale of greater than or equal to 20) was 13 to 15% at different times in the pregnancy, of depression (in the CESd scale greater than or equal to 16) was between 11 and 14.5%. 34.5% of those women who had delivered suffered from "baby blues", while 20% had symptoms of depression (CESd greater than or equal to 16 in the first week post-partum) and 6% had a quite obvious syndrome of depression (MADRS greater than or equal to 20). Finally, 18 to 24.5% of women had a major episode of depression (according to the DSM III test) in the year following delivery. As far as risk factors were concerned there was a statistically significant correlation between anxiety and depression in pregnancy and induction of labour, as well as difficulties with the third stage of labour and with an Apgar score of less than 9 in the infant. There was poor correlation between "baby blues" and gynaecological and pathological changes except where vaginal delivery was not spontaneous and where large episiotomies were carried out. On the other hand, women who had pathological labours or cesareans or a general anaesthetic for the third stage had more troubles than others in the year following delivery. Finally, women who showed signs of anxiety or depression in pregnancy or had "baby blues" after delivery were less likely to be able to breast feed their children. PMID- 3221051 TI - [Cancer of the bile ducts and pregnancy. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of successful pregnancy 8 years after surgery and chemotherapy for biliary cancer with secondaries in the liver. The authors, in considering this case, have analysed the sequelae of chemotherapy for cancer on fertility. They discuss the need to preserve the ability to produce oocytes in young women who need treatment for cancer. PMID- 3221052 TI - [Acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Diagnostic value of hyperuricemia in the pre jaundice stage]. AB - Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, with a case history where an early diagnosis could have been made, and a review of the French literature. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, or Sheehan's syndrome is a rare but very serious complication of pregnancy. The disease is demonstrated by vomiting, abdominal pain and a high level of uric acid in the blood before jaundice is noted. Within a few days the triad of jaundice, pruritus and encephalopathy occur. These are often associated with toxaemia of pregnancy and with polyuria and polydipsia. A raised white blood count and a high level of bilirubinemia are almost always present. The outlook is very serious when haemorrhage appears. This malignant form of the disease is characterised by liver and kidney failure. Liver biopsy confirms the diagnosis. The prognosis is related to an early diagnosis and is good when labour is induced or caesarean section performed. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is an emergency from the diagnostic as well as the therapeutic angles. PMID- 3221053 TI - [Basal decidual hematoma persisting after biopsy of the trophoblast]. AB - A late complication of CVS by forceps biopsy is reported. It is the immediate formation of a retroplacental hematoma on the location of the sampling which is revealed by a bleeding across the cervix. During all the pregnancy retroplacental hematoma and bleeding will persist until the delivery by cesarean section at 31 weeks of amenorrhea. Such a late complication has not been reported in the literature. PMID- 3221054 TI - [Fever during labor. Study of 89 cases]. AB - In this retrospective study, 91 neonates were born from 89 patients with high temperature (T. greater than 37.9 degrees C) during labor. This group is distinguished by the high frequency of premature rupture of membranes (44%), low gestational age (25%), and instrumental extractions (30%) or cesarean section (30%). 53 newborns were transferred to pediatric hospitals (58%) for investigations: bacterial infections of neonates were noted in 30 of them (32%). The responsible germ was noted in 21 observations: 7 group B Streptococci (23%), other cocci (3), E. coli (4), other gram negative germ (7). One premature 1420 g. neonate died; four neonates presented a septicemia (group B streptococcus: 3; Staphylococcus aureus: 1). Five neonates had neurological abnormalities. We tried to detect some predictive signs of neonatal infections in labour and delivery. Three factors seemed significant: temperature greater than 38.4 degrees C, fetus cardiac frequency greater than 160, and Apgar score at 1 minute lower. PMID- 3221055 TI - [Post-traumatic feto-maternal hemorrhage. Apropos of a case]. AB - When a sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern suggestive of severe anaemia is found one always has to think of feto-maternal haemorrhage. The diagnosis is made using the Kleihauer test. The quantity of fetal blood loss as estimated by this test must be suspect from this case history and from the figures that are quoted in the literature. It will probably be advisable to compare the Kleihauer test and electrophoresis of the haemoglobin in trying to estimate the quantity of blood that has passed from the fetus to the mother. In any case of trauma it is important to look for evidence of feto-maternal haemorrhage. PMID- 3221056 TI - [Clinical and urodynamic results of the Burch colposuspension operation in the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence. A study apropos of 370 cases]. AB - The surgical treatment of female genuine stress incontinence remains a not wholly solved problem. We prefer since 1980 the indirect colposuspension according to Burch as it represents 76% of our operations for genuine stress incontinence. We report 370 cases. The operation has been: isolated in 153 cases; associated with a total hysterectomy in 160 cases; associated with an indirect sacral fixation with a prosthesis of non adsorbable tissue in 57 cases. Clinical examination has always been completed with a urodynamic investigation pre-operatively and in the year following the operation. After two years or more, 188 urodynamic controls could be done. Clinical and urodynamic results are excellent and lasting after 5 years. Clinical failures represent only 4.6% of the cases and seem to be in relationship with technical defects as they occur in 78.4% of the cases in the first year following surgery. Associated sacral fixations, second hand cases, sphincter insufficiency appearing after surgery are the main factors giving way to the failures. PMID- 3221057 TI - In vivo brown fat response to hypothermia and norepinephrine in the ovine fetus. AB - The goal of this study was to assess the response of fetal brown fat in vivo to hypothermia and norepinephrine infusion. In 10 unanaesthetized, chronically prepared fetal sheep (133 +/- 2 days of gestation) cold water was passed through tubing encircling the fetus in utero and plasma glycerol concentration was measured as an indicator of brown fat activity. Following cooling for 60 min, amniotic fluid temperature fell 7.79 degrees C to 31.66 +/- 1.73 degrees C (n = 8, P less than 0.001) and maternal temperature fell 0.63 degree C to 38.63 +/- 0.08 degrees C (n = 9, P less than 0.001). Eight of the fetuses were subjected to a second experiment in which norepinephrine was infused intravenously for 15 min. During infusion fetal arterial temperature fell 0.38 degrees C to 39.05 +/- 0.25 degrees C (n = 7, P less than 0.05). Amniotic fluid temperature (n = 7, NS) and maternal arterial temperature (n = 7, NS) remained constant. Glycerol concentration during the infusion increased from 0.73 to 1.27 mg/dl, a 74% increase over control (n = 8, P less than 0.001). Although clearly detectable, these glycerol responses to hypothermia and norepinephrine stimulation are one third or less of those achieved after birth, indicating that thermogenesis remains quiescent in the near-term fetal sheep, despite powerful stimuli for activation. PMID- 3221058 TI - Fetal pulmonary vasodilation and vasoreactivity during metabolic acidaemia. AB - We studied the pulmonary vascular response to progressive metabolic acidaemia and to an abrupt increase in oxygen tension during metabolic acidaemia in 8 chronically-prepared fetal sheep. Left pulmonary artery blood flow was measured by electromagnetic flow transducer. Two and a half hour infusion of NH4Cl into the fetal inferior vena cava caused pH to fall to 6.94 +/- 0.01 from 7.37 +/- 0.01 (P less than 0.001). During this period of progressive metabolic acidaemia, left pulmonary artery blood flow increased from a baseline value of 60 +/- 8 to 105 +/- 14 ml.min-1 (P less than 0.002). Pulmonary artery pressure did not change significantly and calculated pulmonary vascular resistance fell indicating fetal pulmonary vasodilation. PO2 rose significantly (19.8 +/- 0.7 to 24.1 +/- 1.8 torr; P less than 0.03) and oxygen saturation fell (54.6 +/- 2.8% to 38.9 +/- 3.5%; P less than 0.001) confirming a rightward shift of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. During acidaemia, administration of 100% oxygen to the ewe further increased fetal PO2 to 37.9 +/- 2.3 torr within 10 min (P less than 0.001) and this increase in PO2 was accompanied by an increase in left pulmonary artery blood flow (P less than 0.001), a fall in pulmonary artery pressure (P less than 0.03) and a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance (P less than 0.001) indicating further vasodilation. The response of the fetal pulmonary circulation to a 2-h period of increased oxygen tension was qualitatively similar in acidaemic and non-acidaemic fetuses. We conclude that the progressive metabolic acidaemia imposed by these experimental conditions increases pulmonary blood flow likely through an increase in fetal PO2 and that metabolic acidaemia does not block the normal vasodilatory response to an increase in oxygen tension. PMID- 3221059 TI - Developmental pattern of dopamine beta-hydroxylase induction in the adrenals of the rat. Influence of neonatal hypothyroidism. AB - The extent of dopamine beta-hydroxylase induction elicited by reserpine was measured in young rats rendered hypothyroid from birth and in controls. Hypothyroidism impairs adrenal dopamine beta-hydroxylase induction in the young rat up to 50 days of age and also in the adult. In contrast, hypothyroidism has practically no effect on brainstem dopamine beta-hydroxylase induction. PMID- 3221060 TI - In vivo metabolism of calcitriol in the pregnant rabbit doe. AB - The production rate, the disappearance rate and the half life of calcitriol in gravid rabbit does at 24 days of gestation were compared, under unstressed steady state conditions, to those of nonpregnant animals. The contribution of the fetoplacental unit to the circulating levels of fetal calcitriol was also assessed. The calcitriol levels (139.6 +/- 19.9 vs 55.3 +/- 8.8 pmol/l and production rates (113.9 +/- 8.8 vs 59.2 +/- 9.2 pmol/min/Kg) were higher in pregnant than in nonpregnant animals (P less than 0.01). However, clearance rates (1.07 +/- 0.18 vs 1.12 +/- 0.20 ml/min/Kg and circulating half life (442 +/- 49 vs 368 +/- 35 min; NS) were similar in both groups of animals. Fetal levels (62.3 +/- 1.6 pmol/l) and specific activity (11166 +/- 864 dpm/pmol) of calcitriol were lower than those of the respective mothers (P less than 0.005). Taken together these data suggest that, calcitriol is transported through the placenta; and that the fetoplacental unit contributes to the fetal and perhaps to the maternal calcitriol levels. PMID- 3221061 TI - Thyroid hormone kinetics during late pregnancy in the ovine fetus. AB - The factors responsible for the changes in the plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones in the ovine fetus in late pregnancy were investigated by making serial measurements of the concentrations, metabolic clearance rates and production rates of T3 and T4 in 17 fetuses. The concentrations of T3 in fetuses of 135-145 days gestational age were four times higher than in those of 110-125 days but the concentrations of T4 were unchanged. The metabolic clearance rate of T3 halved over this period whereas that of T4 rose slightly. The production rate of T3 more than doubled and of T4 increased slightly but not significantly. We conclude that the concentration of T4 shows little change with increasing gestational age because the trends in metabolic clearance rates and production rates are weak and in the same direction. The sharp rise in the concentration of T3 is attributable to a fall in metabolic clearance rate coupled with a rise in production rate. PMID- 3221062 TI - Lung liquid secretion, flow and volume in response to moderate asphyxia in fetal sheep. AB - The effects of moderate fetal asphyxia, induced by constriction of the maternal common internal iliac artery, on lung liquid secretion, tracheal fluid efflux and lung liquid volume have been investigated in unanaesthetized fetal sheep (111-142 days) in utero. During periods of fetal asphyxia the percent oxygen saturation, PO2, pH, and PCO2 of fetal carotid arterial blood changed from 57.2 +/- 1.3% (mean +/- SEM), 22.9 +/- 0.6 mmHg, 7.35 +/- 0.01 and 45.6 +/- 1.0 mmHg to 26.3 +/ 0.5% (P less than 0.001), 14.7 +/- 0.2 mmHg (P less than 0.001), 7.28 +/- 0.02, (P less than 0.001) and 47.8 +/- 0.4 mmHg (P less than 0.02), respectively. Fetal asphyxia, over 6 h, decreased the efflux of tracheal fluid from 7.07 +/- 0.47 ml/h to 3.97 +/- 0.36 ml/h (P less than 0.01) and, over 4 h, decreased the rate of lung liquid secretion from 9.42 +/- 1.76 ml/h to 4.91 +/- 1.54 ml/h (P less than 0.005), whereas it had no significant effect on lung liquid volume. The incidence of fetal breathing movements decreased from 52.9 +/- 2.5% to 22.6 +/- 3.5% during 6-h periods of fetal asphyxia. Thus, although fetal asphyxia decreased the net production of lung liquid, lung liquid volume was maintained probably, because the net efflux of fluid from the lungs via the trachea decreased to a similar extent. PMID- 3221063 TI - New developments in fetal and neonatal development. PMID- 3221064 TI - Inhalation injury with burns: a lethal combination. AB - Inhalation injury is known to add significant morbidity and mortality to patients with burns. Estimating the severity of inhalation injury is difficult, as signs of respiratory failure may occur hours or even days after the injury. We have reviewed 86 consecutive patients who were admitted to our Burn/Trauma Center with burns and evidence suggestive of smoke inhalation. Of these patients, 88% required endotracheal intubation. There was a 62% mortality. Admission chest x rays studies, PAO2, and auscultation of the patient's lungs were normal in 90% of the study group. These factors could not be used to predict respiratory failure or death. Patients with as little as 15% total body surface burns with mild smoke inhalation are at significant risk of respiratory failure and the need for ventilatory support. PMID- 3221065 TI - Influence of cutting edge configuration on surgical needle penetration forces. AB - A standardized test for measuring the needle penetration forces has been developed that can be easily replicated in any laboratory. Using this test, conventional cutting edge needles utilized in the test produced lower penetration forces than reverse cutting edge needles. The lower penetration forces encountered by the conventional cutting edge needles imply that the physician should be able to handle these needles with more dexterity and precision than the reverse cutting edge needle. PMID- 3221066 TI - Pharyngeal tear resulting from skiing injury. AB - Severe trauma may occur to the pharynx, larynx, and trachea as a result of blunt external forces. In the course of a downhill skiing accident, an 11-year-old male suffered a pharyngeal tear, with subsequent development of retropharyngeal air. A nonoperative approach resulted in an uneventful recovery from this unusual injury. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of pharyngoesophageal trauma are discussed. PMID- 3221067 TI - Clinical characteristics of paramedics' performance of endotracheal intubation. AB - Paramedics intubated 358 of 383 (93.5%) patients over a nine-month period. There were 85 survivors. The intubators used the curved-blade laryngoscope in 304 patients (79.5%). Two of 25 (8.0%) patients who were not successfully intubated lived; 83 of 358 (23.2%) successfully intubated patients survived. Clinically significant complications occurred in 32 patients (8.9%) who were successfully intubated. Paramedics encountered adverse conditions in 126 patients (32.9%). Presenting cardiac rhythm was recorded. There were no significant differences in intubation success rate between survivors and nonsurvivors or as a function of cardiac rhythm. This retrospective study further documents the ability of paramedics to successfully perform endotracheal intubation. The high success rate supports training with live subjects. Further studies of cause and impact of complications, correlation of success with increased survival, and alternative techniques are essential for effective EMS system medical control. PMID- 3221068 TI - Emergency burn treatment in Denmark. AB - Historically, burn treatment in Denmark has included several unique elements. Current Danish treatment includes prolonged tap water irrigation of burns, which largely replaces the use of narcotics for pain control in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. Burns on hands and feet are dressed for maximum mobility. Other burns are left open. Mortality is 10% to 15% below expectations. PMID- 3221071 TI - An evolving new expertise: pediatric emergency medicine. PMID- 3221070 TI - The kind of the cut. PMID- 3221069 TI - Pediatric emergency medicine. PMID- 3221072 TI - Head injury and airway management. PMID- 3221073 TI - Use of nifedipine in hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 3221074 TI - A library to assist in the development of academic faculty in emergency medicine. AB - Faculty development is a training process that strives continually to improve the creativity, productivity, and longevity of individuals committed to the practice of academic medicine. Information pertinent to faculty development is contained in textbooks scattered throughout the medical literature. From a more than 80 volume personal library, a list of 15 recommended texts in 11 major topics is given. The cost of this library is +333.50. This library was designed to assist emergency physicians in obtaining useful sources of information as part of their continuing education as academic faculty. PMID- 3221075 TI - Work in the society with an ageing population structure. PMID- 3221076 TI - Assigned and participative production standards and feedback affecting worker satisfaction in a repetitive production task. PMID- 3221077 TI - Field studies of clothing microclimate temperatures in human subjects during normal daily life. PMID- 3221078 TI - Dynamic accommodation measurements for objective assessment of eyestrain and visual fatigue. PMID- 3221079 TI - Effects of sudden and prolonged standing from supine posture on heart rate, ECG pattern and blood pressure. PMID- 3221080 TI - Use of wire claw in railway track maintenance work. PMID- 3221081 TI - Follow-up study of life span of farmers in relation to physical fitness data in 1963. PMID- 3221082 TI - Sex differences in human thermoregulatory response to cold. PMID- 3221083 TI - Ergonomics aspects of personal protective equipment: its use in industrially developing countries. PMID- 3221085 TI - Effects of hand-arm transmitted vibration on hand manipulative dexterity. PMID- 3221084 TI - The levels of urinary epinephrine during REM sleep deprivation at night. PMID- 3221086 TI - Foot and shoe size of Japanese female university students. PMID- 3221088 TI - Some peculiarities of the physiological validity of shift work schedules for the crews of floating oil drilling platforms. AB - Observations of the physiological status changes in the crews of floating oil drilling platforms during 7-day and 15-day shifts revealed that in subjects working the two shift schedules, the pattern of changes in the parameters of the central nervous system, circulation, muscle strength and endurance during the first 7 days corresponded to a physiological response to experienced challenge. In those working a 15-day schedule, the differences between the current and original status of the investigated physiological functions started to increase from day nine onwards, reaching a maximum on day fifteen. The alterations were most pronounced in subjects exposed predominantly to psychoemotional challenges during their labour. The evidence accumulated in the present study prompted the recommendation of a 7-day work-and-rest schedule as more reasonable physiologically for the crews of floating oil drilling platforms. PMID- 3221087 TI - Theoretical and methodological bases of experimental simulation of the prepathological state under membrane-damaging effects of environmental factors. AB - The paper theoretically substantiates the importance for detecting the prepathological state of experimental simulation of those situations in the organism which adequately reflect changes in human metabolism exposed to multiple environmental factors. A putative experimental model has been proposed in the shape of sexually immature and mature generations of animals of differing age with a "metabolic burden" whose characteristics, as regards impairments in biochemical, immunological and other functional reactions in biological fluids, are to some extent similar to those occurring in certain groups of humans. It has been suggested that the further investigation of the mechanisms and biological significance of systemic changes of the body's internal milieu may hold promise for studies of environmental hygiene in evaluating populational health and detecting the early signs of metabolic alterations with the aim of their timely prevention. PMID- 3221089 TI - Fibrinolytical processes in rabbits activated by the magnetic field. AB - Rabbits were exposed to a constant magnetic field of 0.005 T, 0.1 T and 0.3 T induction for one hour per day each day for a period of four weeks. It was found that the magnetic field increases the rate of fibrinolytical processes. A decrease in fibrinogen concentration, an increase in the level of fibrinogen degradation products and a considerably shorter time of fibrinolysis in plasma were all noted. The magnitude of these processes was proportional to duration of exposure to the magnetic field in action. These date confirms the similar effect observed in other mammalians (guinea pigs, rats). Thus, the application of a static magnetic field of intensity as low as 0.005 T to increase a fibrinolytical processes in the thrombotic therapy seems to be justified. PMID- 3221090 TI - Toxicity and character of the effect of some zinc compounds. AB - Investigation of the parameters of toxicity of 8 zinc compounds revealed some differences in the degree of their risk for persons working with them. The following TSELs (tentative safe exposure levels of harmful substances) have been determined: 0.5 mg/m3 for zinc nitrate and hydrogen and dihydrogen zinc phosphates, 2 mg/m3 for zinc carbonate and zinc selenide, as well as MAC (maximum allowable concentration) for zinc sulphide equal to 5 mg/m3. No TSEL have been set for zinc caprylate and zinc stearate, but intratracheal administration of 50 mg caprylate caused 100%, of stearate 50% death of experimental animals due to pulmonary edema. Maximum tolerable doses were 10 and 1 mg, respectively. Zinc nitrate shows an expressed irritative effect on the skin and a highly expressed effect on the conjunctiva. Zinc phosphates, zinc caprylate and zinc stearate are resorbed by the skin. In all cases, working persons must be protected from the effect of the compounds under study because even though the toxicity of a compound may be rather low, highly noxious compounds may develop in the course of the technological process, e.g., in mechanical treatment of zinc selenide and zinc sulphide monocrystals, hydrogen selenide and hydrogen sulphide, respectively, can be isolated. PMID- 3221092 TI - Antiepidemic measures against ancylostomiasis and their efficiency in our conditions. AB - Coprological examinations were made in 358 foreigners, 51 of which (14.2%) were positive from the point of view of hookworm eggs presence. On the basis of the discovered infection prevalence, which is still high in foreigners arriving to the CSSR from the tropics and subtropics and on the basis of the new information about the developmental cycle of Ancylostoma duodenale the author recommends to alter the so far valid antiepidemic measures in the following sense: Persons should be regarded as parasitologically negative to hookworm infection, if their coprological examination is permanently negative within 40 weeks of their stay in the CSSR. PMID- 3221091 TI - Observations on commensal rats and their status to plague in Bombay. AB - The distribution pattern of various types of commensal rodents in Bombay city reveals that Bandicota bengalensis constitutes the predominant commensal rodent species followed by R. rattus and Rattus norvegicus. Apart from these three types, Bandicota indica, M. musculus and an insectivore (Suncus murinus) are the three species of commensal small mammals that are frequently encountered in or near human habitations. These small mammals are prevalent throughout the year and their percentage distribution varies very little during different months of the year. None of the rodent species examined during the years 1976-85 revealed presence of Y. pestis infection by bacteriological or serological methods. From these findings, it could be concluded that in the city of Bombay a focus of zoonotic plague infection does not exist. PMID- 3221093 TI - A new member of the family Enterobacteriaceae--Pragia fontium. AB - Twenty isolates of the new genus and species Pragia fontium producing H2S were biochemically characterized: they gave positive gluconate oxidation, utilized Simmons citrate and 14 of them hydrolysed esculin. One of them did not produce hydrogen sulfide. Their biochemical activity was low: they did not ferment lactose, adonitol, arabinose, cellobiose, dextrin, dulcitol, erythritol, inulin, maltose, mannitol, mannose, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol, sorbose, starch, sucrose or trehalose. The habitat of Pragia fontium is drinking water, with an exception: the last strain was found in a stool specimen of a healthy woman. The type culture is the first isolate No. 20125-HG 16. It is deposited in Prague (CNCTC) under the designation Eb 11/82. PMID- 3221094 TI - The development and evaluation of Sevatest ELISA hCG Micro I. kit as a test for pregnancy. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method of sandwich type for determination of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in serum or urine using horseradish peroxidase as an enzyme label and microtiter ELISA plates (or polystyrene microtubes respectively) as a solid phase support for antibody was developed. Test sensitivity of 200 mIU hCG per milliliter is approximately sixfold greater than the available hemo- or latex agglutination tests; quantitative hCG ELISA method has sensitivity of 6 mIU hCG per milliliter. In order to evaluate the usefulness of the method for early pregnancy detection 5,000 urine samples were prospectively collected and results correlated with outcome of pregnancy. Reliability of the test performed on routine basis at the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child in Prague proved to be 97.2% for intrauterine pregnancy detection, in 2.52% the test result was "+ -", and only in 0.28% the results were erroneous. For samples sent with the diagnosis of suspected extrauterine pregnancy 93.5% of correct results, 4.35% of "+ -" and 2.17% of erroneous results was found. PMID- 3221095 TI - Hypertensive effects of calcium infusion in subjects with normotension and hypertension. AB - The hemodynamic effects of acute hypercalcemia induced by calcium infusion, 7.5 mg/kg per h for 1 h, were investigated in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, aged 43-83 years, in the absence and presence of the calcium antagonist verapamil. Calcium infusion raised blood pressure from 125 +/- 14/62 +/- 6 to 143 +/- 13/69 +/- 7 mmHg (mean +/- s.d.) and from 173 +/- 15/81 +/- 6 to 202 +/- 23/92 +/- 9 mmHg with an increase in concentration of serum calcium from 2.2 +/- 0.1 to 3.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/l and from 2.2 +/- 0.1 to 3.2 +/- 0.1 mmol/l in normotensives (n = 20) and hypertensives (n = 12), respectively. In hemodynamic studies, the calcium infusion significantly raised blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance and decreased heart rate with no change of cardiac output, in normotensives (n = 8) and hypertensives (n = 8). The absolute increases in both blood pressure and vascular resistance were significantly higher in hypertensives than in normotensives, but the per cent increases were not significantly different in both groups. The per cent increases in blood pressure and vascular resistance were negatively correlated with increasing age. The infusion of verapamil at the rate of 0.15 mg/kg per h inhibited the increases in both blood pressure and vascular resistance during the calcium infusion in normotensives (n = 6) and hypertensives (n = 6). In conclusion, the calcium infusion raised blood pressure because of elevated vascular resistance, and the effects of calcium on blood pressure were inhibited by the calcium antagonist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221096 TI - Effects of genetic hypertension on diabetic nephropathy in the rat--functional and structural characteristics. AB - Streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes was induced in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Body weight, blood pressure, renal function, glycaemic control and proteinuria were assessed monthly for 32 weeks. At 32 weeks, the animals were killed and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness and fractional mesangial volume were measured. There was no significant difference in renal function between diabetic SHR and diabetic WKY. Diabetic SHR showed an earlier and larger rise in total proteinuria and urinary albumin excretion than diabetic WKY. Urinary albumin excretion was increased more than tenfold in diabetic SHR compared to diabetic WKY after 32 weeks of diabetes. GBM thickness was significantly increased in diabetic SHR compared with diabetic WKY. Both diabetic WKY and diabetic SHR showed mesangial expansion when compared to their nondiabetic counterparts. On the other hand, both hypertensive models showed increased glomerular volume, which was not influenced by the presence of diabetes. The diabetic SHR model has features of accelerated nephropathy, as evidenced by increased albuminuria and GBM thickness. This suggests that pre existing hypertension may play an important role in the progression of diabetic renal disease. PMID- 3221097 TI - Effects of verapamil and nifedipine on systemic hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Verapamil (1 mg/kg, i.v.) and nifedipine (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) were tested at equi antihypertensive doses for systemic hemodynamic responses in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) using the Fick method. Systemic hemodynamic effects of these agents were also evaluated in areflexic, spinal cord-transected and vagotomized SHR using the electromagnetic flowmetry technique. Both verapamil and nifedipine lowered mean arterial pressure (MAP:verapamil = -24%; nifedipine = -28%) in conscious SHR by decreasing total peripheral resistance (TPR:verapamil = -48%; nifedipine = -59%) with a concomitant rise in cardiac output (CO: verapamil = 48%; nifedipine = 86%) and stroke volume (SV:verapamil = 54%; nifedipine = 65%), but verapamil prevented tachycardia, whereas nifedipine increased heart rate (HR:13%). Verapamil and nifedipine also altered systemic hemodynamics in the areflexic SHR; verapamil reduced MAP (-31%) by reducing CO (-18%) with associated bradycardia (-25% HR), whereas nifedipine also lowered MAP (-21%) by decreasing TPR (-18%) without changes in CO and HR. It is concluded that, firstly, the antihypertensive action of verapamil and nifedipine in conscious SHR is due to systemic vasodilation that is associated with reflexly increased CO; secondly, that verapamil has a direct negative chronotropic effect, but nifedipine appears to be devoid of such an effect, and finally that the ability of verapamil to decrease TPR may depend upon resting sympathetic tone. PMID- 3221098 TI - Prognosis and outcome of elderly hypertensives in a Japanese community: results from a long-term prospective study. AB - A long-term prognosis and outcome study of elderly hypertensives (aged 60 years or over) was made based on the 20-year prospective population survey conducted in a Japanese rural community (Hisayama) and the results were compared with those for younger subjects (aged 40-59 years). The risk of cardiovascular mortality related to blood pressure level increased with the elevation of either systolic or diastolic pressure in both younger and elderly groups. Cardiovascular mortality increased markedly at a systolic pressure of greater than or equal to 160 mmHg, or a diastolic pressure of greater than or equal to 100 mmHg for those aged 40-59 years. There was no cut-off level for increased risk of cardiovascular mortality for either systolic or diastolic pressures for those aged 60 years or over. Stroke mortality was seven times higher in systolic, and 10 times higher in diastolic hypertensives than in normotensives (P less than 0.01) for the group aged 40-59 years. However, deaths due to stroke and heart disease were more frequently associated with borderline (relative risk 2.3 and 2.3, respectively; P less than 0.01), systolic (relative risk 3.2 and 3.7, respectively; P less than 0.01) and diastolic hypertension (relative risk 2.1 and 4.8, respectively; P less than 0.01), compared to normotension for those aged 60 years or over. Intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction occurred more frequently in diastolic hypertensives for both young (relative risk 9.8 and 4.8, respectively; P less than 0.01) and elderly subjects (relative risk 3.4 and 1.5, respectively; P less than 0.01) than in normotensives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221099 TI - [Endoscopic and percutaneous treatment of purulent retention caused by obstructive calculi of the upper urinary tract. Observations apropos of 6 case reports]. AB - On the basis of 6 cases of pyonephrosis due to renal stones successfully treated without surgery over a period of one year, the authors define their current therapeutic approach which consists of 2 phases: --1st phase: salvage of the kidney by ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrostomy under local anaesthesia. No hasty endoscopic procedures in an attempt to insert a ureteric catheter into the kidney; --2nd phase: elimination of the obstructing stone (on average, 8 days after the 1st phase), by percutaneous nephrolithotomy, descending ureteroscopy or ascending ureteroscopy. PMID- 3221100 TI - [Surgical correction of intermittent vesico-ureteral reflux without radiologically detectable reflux]. AB - On the basis of a series of 62 children with no radiological evidence of reflux but with an abnormality of a ureterovesical implantation similar to that seen in children with radiologically detected reflux, the authors attempt to show that under certain precise conditions (presence of cortico-papillary renal lesions, recurrent episodes of acute pyelonephritis, even in the absence of renal lesions), the absence of radiologically detectable reflux is not sufficient to confirm the primary nature of pyelonephritis. The sub-mucosal course of the ureters was found to be short in all of these children, and anti-reflux surgery was carried out on one or both sides according to whether the abnormality of uretero-vesical implantation was uni or bilateral. In this small selected group, clinical and bacteriological results were similar to those obtained by anti reflux surgery in children with radiologically detected vesico-renal reflux. PMID- 3221101 TI - [A new technic of exclusion of the remaining, refluxing ureteral stump in cases of ectopic ureteral implantation]. AB - Five children underwent successful electrofulguration of a distal refluxing ectopic ureteral stump. This was performed endoscopically in 4 girls and in one boy the stump was ablated during open surgery. The procedure, which is simple and safe, obviates the potential nidus for recurrent infection. PMID- 3221102 TI - [Combination transurethral resection and systematic chemotherapy as primary treatment of infiltrating bladder tumors (pT2-pT4 NxM0)]. AB - From Sept. 83 to Sept. 86, 20 patients (pts), mean age 65 yr, with a muscle infiltrating bladder tumor would normally have been treated by total cystectomy. Pts were staged by intravenous urography, pelvic and abdominal CT, physical examination under general anesthesia, and deep TUR, then given neoadjuvant chemotherapy: cisplatinum and 5-FU. Courses were given every 28 days. Results were evaluated after the 3rd and 6th courses by CT, IVP and TUR. 9 pts had a histologically confirmed complete clinical response (pCR: 6 pT2, 2 pT3, 1 pT4). Median follow-up in Jan. 1988 was 30 mo. (17-52). This protocol was objectively active and well tolerated, even by elderly pts. Problems remain concerning pCR pts: (1) the respective roles of chemotherapy and TUR on the outcome; (2) prevention of recurrence (5/9 pCR). PMID- 3221103 TI - [The treatment of invasive cancers of the bladder]. PMID- 3221104 TI - [Ureteral stenosis following colpocystopexy of urinary stress incontinence. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - The authors report 5 cases of a rare urethrovesical suspension's complication = the ureteral obstruction. Its cause is always a surgical fault, its diagnosis is based on urography. Its treatment is surgical. The kidney can be preserved by an early repair; the continence's preservation is possible when the suspension can be preserved. PMID- 3221105 TI - Diagnostic approaches to pancreatic disease: from rags to riches and still searching. PMID- 3221106 TI - Fresh frozen plasma therapy in acute pancreatitis: an experimental study. AB - Fresh frozen plasma therapy was assessed in a rat model of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis incorporating the facility for continuous intravenous infusion in the unrestrained animal. Infusions including fresh frozen plasma were shown to significantly improve 72 h survival in the model compared to crystalloid (P less than 0.001) and colloid (P less than 0.05) control groups. The mechanism of this improved survival has yet to be elucidated, but this work supports the establishment of a controlled clinical trial of fresh frozen plasma therapy in this disease. PMID- 3221107 TI - Pressure of papillary sphincter zone and pancreatic main duct in patients with alcoholic and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. AB - To determine the significance of manometric pressure of the pancreatic duct in patients with alcoholic and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, we used a microtransducer inserted through a duodenoscope to measure pressures in the papillary sphincter zone and pancreatic main duct in 20 control subjects and 31 patients with chronic pancreatitis without papillary stenosis including 10 cases of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ALCP) and 21 cases of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP). The pancreatic main ductal pressure was significantly higher in the patients with ALCP (55.7 +/- 28.9 mm Hg) or ICP (44.5 +/- 25.8 mm Hg) than in the controls (16.2 +/- 8.7 mm Hg), but there was no significant difference between ALCP and ICP. There was no significant difference between control subjects and ICP in the motility of the sphincter of Oddi. In ICP there were no correlationships between pancreatic ductal pressure and the motility of papillary sphincter zone. In ALCP, the frequency of the papillary sphincter waves was significantly higher than in normal subjects and there was a correlation between the pancreatic ductal pressure and the motility of the papillary sphincter zone. These data suggest that increased pancreatic ductal pressure in ALCP may be in part due to papillary dysfunction, but not in ICP. PMID- 3221109 TI - Long-term survivors after operation on carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - Reports of 35 long-term more than five years survivors after resectional surgery which was performed for carcinoma of the pancreas from 1966 to 1980 were collected from major institutions in Japan and analyzed. Male to female ratio was 0.94:1 and average age was 56 years old. In 34 of the 35, the tumor was located at the head of the pancreas, 32 received pancreatoduodenectomy and two underwent total pancreatectomy. One patient with carcinoma of the tail received distal pancreatectomy. There was no correlation between the size of tumor and the postoperative prognosis. It seems that lymph node metastasis is not an obstacle to long postoperative survivals when they are removed, and also invasion to the pancreatic capsule shows no relationship to prognosis. However, there were no definite or severe invasions to the retroperitoneal tissue, nor to the portal venous system in the 35 patients at all. It is considered that invasion to the retroperitoneal tissues and to the portal venous system may be the most influential factor to the postoperative prognosis. PMID- 3221108 TI - Pure pancreatic juice in humans: orange-lemon-juice-induced secretory effects. Comparative analysis with a regular meal, sorbitol, acidified peptone broth and secretin. AB - The secretory effect elicited by the ingestion of 100 ml of orange-lemon juice (O.-L.J.) was studied on pure pancreatic juice obtained from a catheter placed in the human Wirsung duct at surgery. These changes were compared with those evoked by a regular meal (R.M.), the ingestion of a Sorbitol solution (S.S.), the intragastric infusion of an acidified peptone broth (A.P.B.) and an i.v. single injection of secretin (Boots, 1.0 U/kg). The O.-L.J. induced purer pancreatic secretion response (flow, bicarbonate and enzyme output) than that triggered by the R.M., S.S. and A.P.B. The O.-L.J. evoked peak values, were observed earlier (60 min) than with a R.M. (90 min) ingestion. The 120-min-cumulative values confirmed these findings and disclosed that O.-L.J. elicits a rate of secretion and bicarbonate output closely similar to that of an i.v. secretin injection and amylase response greater than that evoked by this hormone. Thus, O.-L.J. ingestion proved to be an unexpected powerful stimulus of exocrine pancreatic secretion. PMID- 3221110 TI - A case of primary sclerosing cholangitis mimicking chronic pancreatitis. AB - A case of a 37 year old male is presented, who died from primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) with characteristic radiological picture and laboratory data suggesting chronic pancreatitis (CP). PMID- 3221111 TI - Reactional states in the nasal mucosa: a clinical and histopathological study. AB - Twenty leprosy patients in the reactive phase of the disease were studied clinically and histologically for evidence of reactive lesions in the nasal mucosa. Ten of 14 patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) showed characteristic polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltration and two patients showed vasculitis. The histological changes of reversal reactions in the nasal mucosa, one with upgrading reaction and the other with downgrading reaction, are reported. PMID- 3221113 TI - Defining the magnitude of ocular complications from leprosy: problems of methodology. AB - A comprehensive review of all ocular surveys (40) of leprosy patients was undertaken. These surveys do not provide adequate information for defining the incidence or prevalence of ocular disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Furthermore, the level of disability and blindness from leprosy has not been addressed. The primary methodologic problems in these surveys are: a) lack of survey sampling techniques, b) institution-based or. clinic-based populations as the study population, c) inadequate instruments for the detection of clinical signs, d) non-ophthalmically trained individuals as examiners, e) definition of "ocular" disease that includes non-ocular conditions, f) failure to analyze by disease type, and g) failure to analyze by duration of disease or therapy. All of these studies were cross-sectional in nature. While this type of study is beneficial to health administrators for prioritizing eye care in health planning, a longitudinal study is required to investigate the risk factors for ocular involvement and blindness in these patients. PMID- 3221112 TI - Solubilization of preformed immune complexes in sera of patients with type 1 and type 2 lepra reactions. AB - Serum complement activity in leprosy patients has been studied using solubilization of preformed immune complexes as an index. The solubilization capacity of sera from lepromatous patients with or without erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) as well as from type 1 reactional patients was found markedly reduced as compared to controls. Solubilization did not improve at all in the ENL patients after remission of the reaction phase. The addition of fresh normal sera failed to bring about any significant restoration of solubilizing capacity of the deficient sera. Mycobacterium leprae sonicate significantly reduced the solubilization capacity. Our results suggest that circulating mycobacterial breakdown products possibly interfered with the capacity of the ENL patients' sera to solubilize immune complexes. PMID- 3221114 TI - Cytogenetic effect of dapsone, an antileprotic drug, in the mouse in vivo system. AB - Potential genotoxicity of dapsone was evaluated in mice following in vivo cytogenetic assays. Adult male mice treated with different doses (20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) and for different periods (40 mg/kg/day for 2, 4, or 8 weeks) provided bone marrow and testes for mitotic and meiotic chromosome analyses, respectively. A dose-response (20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks) analysis was done with a separate set of mice using a micronucleus test (MNT). Untreated mice served as controls. Both the metaphase analysis and MNT in bone-marrow cells revealed significantly higher incidences of clastogenicity for all of the dose levels and treatment periods. Chromosome aberrations, with and without gaps, in bone-marrow metaphases showed a positive correlation with the doses, but not with the treatment periods. Correlation was also lacking in the MNT. In the meiotic cells, the incidences of chromosome aberrations increased significantly with the highest dose and with the longest period of treatment. PMID- 3221115 TI - Renal granuloma and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in leprosy. AB - A 17-year-old, Yemeni male patient with borderline lepromatous leprosy and erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) developed a nephritic range proteinuria. A renal biopsy revealed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and epithelioid granulomas in the interstitium. The presence of granular immunofluorescence for C3 and electron-dense deposits in the glomeruli indicated an immune complex glomerulonephritis. Clinical signs of ENL subsided rapidly under steroid treatment. The unusual combination of proliferative glomerulonephritis and epithelioid granulomas in leprosy is presented and discussed. PMID- 3221116 TI - Blister calendar packs--potential for improvement in the supply and utilization of multiple drug therapy in leprosy control programs. PMID- 3221117 TI - A review of health education in leprosy. PMID- 3221118 TI - Nerve damage in leprosy. PMID- 3221119 TI - Pyrazinamide as a part of combination therapy for BL and LL patients--a preliminary report. PMID- 3221120 TI - A large hypoanesthetic patch in borderline tuberculoid leprosy. PMID- 3221121 TI - Skin smears and bacterial index in multiple drug therapy. PMID- 3221122 TI - The hemizona assay (HZA): finding sperm that have the "right stuff". PMID- 3221123 TI - A preliminary study of the fine structure of in vitro fertilized human embryos. AB - The fine structure of rejected human in vitro fertilized embryos was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Apart from normal cytoplasmic features, changes suggestive of degeneration are discussed. Cytoplasmic blebs and cellular debris as well as primitive interblastomeric junctions are also described. PMID- 3221124 TI - Accuracy of sperm characteristics in predicting the in vitro fertilizing capacity of semen. AB - Based on the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in 56 couples, the power was assessed of traditional sperm characteristics of native semen to discriminate between in vitro fertile and in vitro infertile semen. The number per ejaculate of spermatozoa with regular oval heads was the best discriminant, followed by the concentration of progressively motile spermatozoa. This contrasts with the in vivo fertilizing capacity, which depends mostly on the proportion and concentration of spermatozoa with rapid linear progression. The lower limit of sperm characteristics was assessed as the fifth percentile of in vitro fertile semen and was compared with the lower limit of semen of fertile men and of subfertile men who achieved spontaneous or treatment-related conception in vivo. It appeared that the semen quality needed for in vitro fertilization is inferior to that of fertile men but not remarkably different from that of subfertile men who achieved spontaneous conception during 1-year follow-up after consultation. If conventional methods for semen preparation are used, there seems to be no major advantage in favor of IVF for the treatment of male infertility due to sperm deficiency. An increased success rate may, however, be attained, thanks to improved techniques of semen collection, semen preparation, and oocyte insemination. PMID- 3221125 TI - Quality control in the in vitro fertilization laboratory: comparison of bioassay systems for water quality. AB - Three mouse embryo bioassays [mouse one-cell and two-cell embryos and in vitro fertilization (IVF)] were tested for their ability to discriminate between three sources of water for medium preparation: tap water, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water, and Milli-Q purified water. No differences could be detected using these assays. The lack of sensitivity of the mouse bioassays could not be attributed to the protein source or medium type. The hamster sperm motility assay (HSMA) permitted quantitative discrimination between water sources (Milli-Q greater than HPLC greater than tap). Media prepared for use in human IVF using water that exceeded minimal HSMA quality standards resulted in pregnancy rates that were greater than those attained with a lot of HPLC water that did not meet these standards. The HSMA can serve as a basis for a quality-control program in the human IVF laboratory. PMID- 3221127 TI - Toward understanding women's decisions to continue or stop in vitro fertilization: the role of social, psychological, and background factors. AB - Two hundred fifty-four infertile women, all of whom had at least one in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycle, completed a structured questionnaire in which they provided background information and rated their beliefs about the outcomes of continuing on an IVF-ET program. Women not intending to continue IVF had older husbands, a larger proportion was mothers, and more of them had an IVF pregnancy. Those stopping and continuing, however, did not differ in their ages, the length of their infertility, or their number of IVF attempts. Women's intentions about IVF were best predicted by their attitudes toward another attempt and their perceptions of social pressures. While women intending to continue or discontinue IVF had similar beliefs about the value of motherhood, the satisfactions in having children, the importance of happy marriages, and the need to be well adjusted; discontinuers were less optimistic about another attempt making them mothers, making their marriages happier, or improving the quality of their lives. Both groups of women, however, judged another IVF attempt as likely to involve some stress, disappointment, and financial strain. In terms of their perceptions of social pressures, discontinuers also believed that their husbands, family, friends, and doctors did not think that they should have another IVF attempt. Finally, infertile women's attitudes about having another attempt and their perceptions of social pressures to try again or to stop were better predictors of their decisions about IVF than the background characteristics and fertility histories of women and their husbands. At the same time, together these variables explained only half of the variance in women's IVF decisions, and many other factors need to be considered in future research. PMID- 3221128 TI - Cervical ectopic pregnancy following gamete intrafallopian transfer. PMID- 3221129 TI - Ovarian cyst aspiration during in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) cycles. AB - Fifteen patients treated in an IVF program with ovarian cysts were retrospectively evaluated. Ten women with ovarian cysts formed during induction of ovulation were treated by puncture and aspiration and compared to a control group of five patients in whom the ovarian cysts could not be punctured. Induction protocols in both groups were based on hMG/hCG or pFSH/hCG administration. In patients in the study group the mean volume aspirated from cysts was 7.4 +/- 2.1 ml. Mean estrogene (E2) levels on the day of hCG were 1411 +/- 213 and 1036 +/- 177 pg/ml in the hMG and pFSH groups, respectively. Mean progesterone (p) levels were 1.6 +/- 0.4 and 1.9 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, respectively. Oocyte collection was done with the aid of a vaginal ultrasound transducer. A mean of 6.2 and 5 oocytes was picked up respectively, with a fertilization rate of 74.3 and 69.1%. In all cases embryo transfer was performed. Two clinical pregnancies were achieved, one in each of the induction protocol groups. In the control group, patients underwent early luteinization, i.e., requiring cancelation of the cycle, after the ovarian cysts had not been aspirated. It is suggested that puncture and aspiration of ovarian cysts occurring during induction of ovulation may be an efficient method to avoid early luteinization. It should be evaluated further. PMID- 3221126 TI - Programmed follicular stimulation reduces cycle cost and stress with no compromise in cycle quality: use of a modified programmed protocol. AB - To reduce cycle cost and patient/staff stress in an ongoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) program, we have utilized a modified "programmed" (PP) follicle stimulation protocol with limited monitoring. We have compared our PP results with those using a conventional, individualized, and fully monitored protocol (OP) in order to show that PP does not compromise the quality of care. Hormonal presuppression made possible an arbitrary starting day for the cycle. In 80% of the cycles, oocyte retrieval (OR) was performed on the planned day or 1 day later. There was no statistically significant difference between the two regimens in oocyte/embryo numbers, quality or pregnancy rates. The cycle cost was significantly reduced. In addition, patient stress was lessened because of the reasonable predictability of cycle timing. We conclude that PP has significant financial and emotional advantages for the patient over OP but does not appear to diminish the chance for pregnancy in an IVF cycle. PP also allows program staff to manage time more effectively, thereby reducing staff stress. PMID- 3221130 TI - The in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) program at the Institute for Research in Reproduction (ICMR) and the King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Bombay, India. PMID- 3221131 TI - Mother-daughter in vitro fertilization triplet surrogate pregnancy. PMID- 3221132 TI - ECG of the month. A fly in the ointment. Acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3221133 TI - Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the neck with an occult primary source. PMID- 3221134 TI - Can educational programs alone protect our children? PMID- 3221136 TI - The Hippocratic Oath: an address given the Tulane University School of Medicine 1988 graduating class. PMID- 3221135 TI - Versatility of the free temporoparietal fascial flap in upper and lower extremity reconstruction. PMID- 3221137 TI - A case of leprosy in central Louisiana. PMID- 3221139 TI - The John Giles Cecil, MD memorial meeting of the Kentucky Medical Association. PMID- 3221138 TI - Nontraumatic hepatic diaphragmatic herniation: demonstration by computed chest tomography. PMID- 3221141 TI - A subrenal capsule assay for testing the effect of anticancer drugs against human tumors. AB - Fresh surgical explants of solid tumors obtained from 50 patients were tested against six chemotherapeutic agents in the in vivo subrenal capsule assay. Control growth adequate to meet evaluable assay criteria was obtained in 36 of 50 tumors (72.0%). With activity criteria set at current drug screening levels as a change in modifidd PAPAN score in less than or equal to -2.0 for the SRC assay, 36.1% of the human tumors evaluable and 11.6% of drugs tested were sensitive, respectively. Our research reveals that gastric cancers respond to drugs about 2.5-fold higher than colorectal cancers. Comparisons were made of the drug sensitivity in terms of histologic differentiation, and it was strongly suggested that the sensitivity of the poorly differentiated type was higher than that of well or moderately differentiated type. PMID- 3221140 TI - Secretion of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor by cultured human carcinoma cells. AB - Cultured human cells derived from pancreatic, gastric, duodenal, and gall bladder cancers secreted a considerable amount of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor into the culture medium. PMID- 3221142 TI - Effect of RA-233 on erythrocytes from patients with eczema. AB - Erythrocytes (RBCs) from patients with eczema are less flexible than erythrocytes obtained from normal healthy individuals. The addition of RA-233 (a membrane active agent which is a phosphodiestrase inhibitor) improved the deformability of these rigid RBCs, and this improvement was found to be statistically significant at p less than 0.0001. The increase in deformability that was observed after the addition of the drug is assumed to be related to the increases in intracellular Ca2+,K+ and blood ATP levels which are brought about by the action of this drug. PMID- 3221143 TI - Diabetes insipidus in severely brain damaged children. AB - Nineteen children aged four months to 15 years with diabetes insipidus (DI) secondary to severe brain insults were studied. The main primary brain insult was severe head injury in 12, anoxic ischemic brain damage in four, encephalitis in two, Reye's syndrome in one. Sixteen children died, and three survived. The time from insult to onset of polyuria varied from several hours to one month, and was significantly shorter in head trauma patients, 1.8 +/- 0.9 vs. 9.3 +/- 1.9 days for patients with anoxic ischemic brain damage (p less than 0.03). Twelve of the 19 patients met the criteria for brain death at onset of DI. Treatment by appropriate fluids and vasopressin resulted in resolution of polyuria and increase in urine osmolality. Ten patients developed DI while being treated with dopamine for hemodynamic support. In two of these patients, the cessation of dopamine was time-related to the resolution of DI. Our results indicate that as many as 15% of children with DI (with 95% confidence) following severe brain injury may survive. Hence, despite the overall poor prognosis, its occurrence does not necessarily indicate brain death. PMID- 3221145 TI - Effectiveness of cis-platinum and 5-fluorouracil as induction chemotherapy prior to radiation therapy in advanced head and neck cancer. PMID- 3221144 TI - Perioperative myocardial infarction in Thai patients; mortality and morbidity following anesthesia and surgery. PMID- 3221146 TI - The psychiatric emergency patients at Srinagarind hospital. PMID- 3221147 TI - The histological and ultrastructural studies of the duodenal mucosa in acute gastritis, gastric ulcer, chronic nonspecific duodenitis, duodenal ulcer and esophageal varices. PMID- 3221148 TI - Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propylthiouracil. PMID- 3221149 TI - Serum isoamylase activities in pancreatic diseases. PMID- 3221150 TI - Surgical treatment of de Quervain's diseases: a clinical review of 42 cases. PMID- 3221151 TI - Dubin-Johnson syndrome: report of two siblings with Tc-99 m IODIDA cholescintigraphic findings. PMID- 3221152 TI - Effects of thyroxine on oestrogen receptor concentrations in anterior pituitary and hypothalamus of hypothyroid rats. AB - The effects of thyroxine (T4) were studied on the concentration of oestrogen receptors in the anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus of ovariectomized euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. A group of rats was made hypothyroid by the administration of 131I. Seven days after ovariectomy, animals were separated into five groups: I, euthyroid controls; II, hypothyroid controls; III, hypothyroid and injected with oestradiol benzoate (10 micrograms/day for 10 days); IV, hypothyroid and injected with T4 (4 micrograms/day for 10 days) and V, hypothyroid and injected with both oestradiol and T4 as described above. In group I, oestrogen receptor levels in pituitary cytosol were 44.4 +/- 3.4 (S.D.) fmol/mg protein and in the nucleus 47.7 +/- 4.0 fmol/mg DNA. In group II the respective values were 12.8 +/- 1.7 fmol/mg protein (P less than 0.01) and 12.7 +/- 1.7 fmol/mg DNA (P less than 0.01 compared with group I). In group III, cytosolic receptor concentrations decreased when compared with those in group II (P less than 0.05), whereas nuclear receptor concentrations rose significantly (P less than 0.01). Group IV had both pituitary cytosolic and nuclear receptors increased (P less than 0.01 compared with group II). In group V there were no changes in cytosolic receptor concentrations but a significant (P less than 0.01) rise in nuclear receptors as compared with group II. Hypothalamic oestrogen receptors in untreated hypothyroid rats (group II) were unchanged in the cytosol and diminished (P less than 0.01) in the nucleus in relation to euthyroid controls (group I). Thyroxine, but not oestrogen, was effective in increasing the concentration of cytosolic receptors (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221153 TI - Experimental manipulations of prolactin following removal of pouch young or bromocriptine treatment during lactational quiescence in the Bennett's wallaby. AB - Experiments were conducted to investigate whether prolactin suppresses the corpus luteum during lactational quiescence in the Bennett's wallaby. In the first experiment, pouch young were removed from lactating wallabies (day 0) which were then treated daily for 7 days with either saline, or 8 mg domperidone or 2 mg ovine prolactin. In the saline-injected animals there was a transient peak in progesterone concentrations on day 4 and birth on day 28. The transient progesterone peak and births were significantly (P less than 0.01) delayed by 5 and 8 days in animals treated with domperidone and ovine prolactin respectively. In the second experiment, four groups of lactating wallabies were treated on day 0 with either 60 mg bromocriptine (groups C and D) or the vehicle (groups A and B). On days 0-6, groups B and D were injected daily with 2 mg ovine prolactin while groups A and C received the vehicle. In group C, three pouch young died 14 29 days after administration of bromocriptine, and there was a transient rise in progesterone on day 4 in all animals, indicating that bromocriptine resulted in immediate reactivation of the quiescent corpus luteum. New births occurred in two animals on day 28. In group D, which received bromocriptine followed by ovine prolactin for 7 days, all the original pouch young remained alive at the end of the experiment. Four of the animals from this group showed a transient progesterone peak on day 11, with births in two animals on days 35 and 36 indicating that the effects of bromocriptine were prevented whilst ovine prolactin was being administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221154 TI - Effects of chronic long-acting bromocriptine treatment on liveweight, voluntary food intake, coat growth and breeding season in non-pregnant red deer hinds. AB - Seventeen red deer hinds were housed in individual pens and from 28 February until 11 November were injected each week with vehicle (group A; n = 6) or 5 (group B; n = 6) or 12.5 mg (group C; n = 5) of a long-acting formulation of bromocriptine. Liveweight and voluntary food intake (VFI) were recorded for each hind, and blood was collected for determination of progesterone, prolactin, tri iodothyronine (T3) and cortisol concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Treatment with the high dose of bromocriptine was associated with a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in VFI, with the effect being greatest between March and July. There was no treatment effect on liveweight, but there was a significant (P less than 0.01) interaction between time and treatment due to the faster rate of weight gain in control animals at the beginning of the experiment. Changes in liveweight could be explained by changes in VFI rather than by changes in the efficiency of utilization of intake. Termination of the breeding season was significantly (P less than 0.01) delayed by 54 days in group C hinds. Growth of the summer coat and subsequent winter coats was delayed by 1 and 3 months respectively in group C hinds, and in groups B and C the duration that animals were in summer coat was increased by about 1 month. The seasonal increase in prolactin concentrations was seen in all groups, but levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in group C hinds. Concentrations of T3 and cortisol were not affected by bromocriptine. PMID- 3221155 TI - Oestradiol synergizes with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or 3 alpha- but not 3 beta androstanediol in inducing sexual behaviour in castrated rats. AB - Castrated male rats were treated with constant-release implants filled with testosterone, oestradiol-17 beta, 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone; DHT), 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-Adiol) or 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (3 beta-Adiol). Only testosterone activated the sexual behaviour of the rats. If combined with oestradiol, DHT or 3 alpha-Adiol induced the behaviour, but 3 beta-Adiol failed to have this effect. Oestradiol inhibited the in-vitro formation of [14C]Adiols from [14C]DHT by combined preoptic and hypothalamic tissue, but only when given in high doses. No effect on the formation of [14C]Adiols from [14C]DHT was found in rats treated in vivo with DHT or with the combination of DHT and oestradiol which effectively stimulated sexual behaviour. These results do not support the suggestion that oestradiol may synergize with androgens to induce sexual behaviour in castrated rats by inhibiting androgen metabolism. PMID- 3221156 TI - Precopulatory behaviour in the male hamster: effect of the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor 17 beta-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one. AB - Three independent components of hamster masculine behaviour (approaching, leaving and sniffing the female) have been shown to depend on both androgenic and oestrogenic action. The behavioural role of 5 alpha-reduced androgens was assessed by blocking 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone by means of 17 beta-N,N diethylcarbamoyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (4-MA) through slow-release silicone elastomer implants. Three dose levels of 4-MA were given to intact, sexually active males. The probability of approaching the female and the amount of sniffing directed to her were both decreased, while the probability of leaving the female was increased. Sniffing and the tendency to approach were affected at lower dose levels than was the tendency to leave. The higher dosage of 4-MA also abolished odour-based discrimination between females shown by normal males. These effects of 4-MA on behaviour were confirmed in castrated hamsters maintained on testosterone. The suppressive effects of 4-MA on behaviour were reversed by treatment with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). We conclude that testosterone maintains sociosexual behaviour in part by conversion to its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites; components of this behaviour differ in their relative dependence on DHT. In this species, DHT is likely to be a behaviourally active metabolite of testosterone involved in the fine control of behaviour. PMID- 3221157 TI - Effect of melatonin on the peripheral concentrations of LH and progesterone after oestrus, and on conception rate in ewes. AB - It has previously been shown that administration of the indoleamine melatonin to advance the breeding season of ewes is also associated with an increase in ovulation rate and subsequent litter size. Experiment 1 assessed whether, in ewes receiving melatonin to advance the breeding season, the indoleamine acts directly on the corpus luteum to enhance progesterone secretion or indirectly through increased activity of the hypothalamic pulse generator. Six ewes received 3 mg melatonin orally at 15.00 h daily from 22 March onwards, six were induced to ovulate during mid-anoestrus following withdrawal of a progestagen pessary and injection of exogenous gonadotrophin and six acted as naturally ovulating controls. First overt oestrus occurred between 17 May and 8 July in melatonin treated ewes, between 21 October and 3 January in control ewes and on 8 July in all induced ewes. On days 2 and 10 after the first overt oestrus, melatonin treated ewes had pulsatile LH activity characteristic of that measured in control ewes ovulating naturally during the breeding season. There was an absence of any pulsatile LH activity in the induced ewes. Progesterone concentrations between days 7 and 12 following oestrus were significantly higher in melatonin-treated than in control and induced ewes, suggesting a luteotrophic role for melatonin. Experiment 2 was carried out to determine whether administration of melatonin commencing after induced ovulation and insemination would alter the endocrine status of the ewe and thereby influence the establishment of pregnancy and embryo survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221158 TI - Localization of alpha-interferon in the human feto-placental unit. AB - The distribution of alpha-interferon in human placental tissue was investigated by immunocytochemical study of paraffin wax-embedded tissue sections using a sheep alpha-interferon antiserum. Fifty-eight placentas of gestational ages from 8 to 40 weeks were examined. alpha-Interferon was present in the syncytiotrophoblast of the chorionic villi of all placentas and was also in macrophages in 28 cases. The appearances suggest production of interferon in human placental trophoblast and, in view of its diverse biological effects, support the concept of a role for alpha-interferon in the complex series of events required for successful gestation. PMID- 3221159 TI - Passive smoking and respiratory conditions in primary school children. AB - The effect of passive smoking on respiratory symptoms of children aged 5 to 11 years was investigated in over 4000 English children and nearly 800 Scottish children participating in the National Study of Health and Growth in 1982. After adjusting for associations of respiratory symptoms with age, sex, and a number of potentially confounding variables, significant associations were found of wheeze, both occasional and persistent, day or night cough, and bronchitis attacks with number of cigarettes smoked by parents at home for English children and for occasional wheeze in Scottish children. Asthma attacks and cough first thing in the morning showed positive but not statistically significant associations in English children. The presence of at least one condition was statistically significant in both English and Scottish children. The largest relative risk for exposure to 20 cigarettes a day compared to no exposure was 1.60 for persistent wheeze in English children (95% confidence interval 1.17-2.18). PMID- 3221160 TI - Diagnosis of past history of myocardial infarction in epidemiological studies: an alternative based on the Caerphilly and Speedwell surveys. AB - In epidemiological studies the diagnosis of a past history of myocardial infarction is made from the answer to a single question: "Have you ever had a severe pain across the front of your chest lasting for half an hour or more?" Two additional questions, which form an optional part of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine chest pain questionnaire, were used in two large community studies, with other information to determine the likely accuracy of the diagnosis ("Did you see a doctor about this pain?" If so, "What did he say it was?") The prevalence of possible myocardial infarction from the use of the single question was significantly higher among men from South Wales than among men from Speedwell, Bristol (10.1% and 6.9% respectively); in contrast, positive responses to the additional questions reduced the prevalence in the two populations to 5.8% and 4.9% respectively. These latter figures are very similar to those of self reported coronary thrombosis in the two populations. Among subjects with positive responses to the additional questions the prevalence of ECG ischaemia was about 50%; in contrast, the prevalence of ECG ischaemia among those positive only to the severe chest pain question was very similar to that among those with no history of chest pain (12%). Preliminary mortality data show a similar classification of level of risk. These findings indicate that the false positive error rate for possible myocardial infarction could be significantly reduced by the use of two additional questions which form an optional part of the London School of Hygiene chest pain questionnaire but are rarely used. However, the present findings relate to populations with uniform levels of adequately accessible medical care; comparisons between populations with different levels of medical care will require cautious interpretation. PMID- 3221161 TI - Levels of customary physical activity among the old and the very old living at home. AB - With an activity inventory designed specifically for use among elderly people, detailed profiles of customary physical activity were obtained from 507 old (aged 65-74 years) and 535 very old (aged 75 years and over) individuals randomly sampled from the community. Participation in four categories of activity was assessed: outdoor productive activities; indoor productive activities; leisure activities; and walking. Customary engagement in many activities was found to be low, age (old versus very old) and sex being among the most important determinants of participation. The method of assessment is described, and activity profiles normative for older age groups are presented. PMID- 3221162 TI - A possible artefactual component in specific cause mortality gradients. Social class variations in the clinical accuracy of death certificates. AB - This paper investigates one possible avenue of artefactual influence on the production and/or concealment of social class gradients in specific cause mortality rates, namely, the possibility of social class biases in the accuracy of diagnosis of cause of death and the systematic misallocation of certain social groups to particular diagnoses. Information on this topic was obtained by matching occupational data gathered at death registration with data on the accuracy of diagnosis of cause of death (measured by diagnostic agreement between clinician and pathologist) collected in a prospective study of 1152 hospital necropsies. Extrapolation from these data to national mortality rates should be cautious, but it appears that in the majority of the most common causes of death grouped by ICD chapter (neoplasms, cerebrovascular and digestive) social class gradients would be steeper if mortality data were based on pathologists' rather than clinicians' diagnoses. Only in the respiratory chapter would the gradient be reduced, with the gradient in cardiovascular deaths unaffected. PMID- 3221163 TI - Appendicitis epidemic following introduction of piped water to Anglesey. AB - The extension of piped water supplies in Anglesey, North Wales, 30 years ago and the consequent introduction of domestic hot water systems was followed by an epidemic of appendicitis. This occurred while appendicitis rates were falling elsewhere in Britain. The diet of Anglesey is unremarkable. This is further evidence that epidemics of appendicitis occur during the transition to 'western' hygiene, an important component of which is the provision of domestic hot water systems and fixed baths. PMID- 3221164 TI - Prevalence of asthma among teenagers attending school in Tahiti. AB - The prevalence of asthma was studied in 6731 adolescents (average age 13.5 years, 48.6% boys) attending school in three towns of the isle of Tahiti, according to the ethnic origin of both parents. The pupils completed a self-administered questionnaire in class; 14.3% gave an affirmative answer to the question "Have you ever had attacks of asthma?" (cumulative prevalence). That prevalence was 11.4% in the Europeans, 13.7% in the Chinese, 13.8% in the Polynesians, 15.3% in those whose parents were "halves" (half-bred from Polynesians and Europeans), and 16.0% in the miscellaneous group (= other origins) (P less than 0.02). Asthma was significantly more frequent in boys only among the Europeans and those with one European parent. The results of this study confirm the high prevalence of asthma in French Polynesia found in a previous study. They give no evidence of a racial difference in prevalence but suggest an influence of environment. PMID- 3221165 TI - Negative health selection into physically light occupations. AB - Health selection, which transfers workers with health problems from physically heavy to physically light occupations, may be a factor contributing to excessive morbidity in the latter group. The aim of this study was to investigate whether workers who had stopped doing heavy work and moved to occupations with low physical demand are generally more ill than workers who had always done light work. The study population comprised 5436 men and 5486 women aged 25 to 74 years, who were interviewed within the scope of the Statistics Sweden Survey of Living Conditions in the years 1977 and 1979-81. For all respondents detailed recording of the occupational histories was completed. For all the diseases and functional disorders studied an increase in risk could be seen for movers. Moreover, movers who had left their heavy work most recently had the greatest risks. This association was most apparent when studying musculoskeletal disorders and impaired working capacity for men and diseases of the circulatory organs and impaired hearing for women. The findings indicate clearly that there is a negative health selection into physically light occupations, introducing a bias (especially in cross-sectional studies) that causes an apparent excess morbidity in occupations with low physical demand. PMID- 3221166 TI - Factors affecting the outcome of maternity care. 1. Relationship between staffing and perinatal deaths at the hospital of birth. AB - This is the first of two papers describing a retrospective study of maternity hospitals in an English health region using data for the years 1977-83. The research was designed to investigate the relationship between resources (such as staff and equipment) and the outcomes of births at maternity units. Considerable variation in medical and nursing staffing levels in the units in the study was observed. Regression analysis suggests that, after taking account of differences in very low weight births at each unit, the level of paediatric staffing at a maternity unit is a significant factor in explaining differences in "in house" mortality. There was no identifiable relationship between staff categories other than paediatricians and the rate of perinatal death at the hospital of delivery. As selective referral and transfers between hospitals may affect the interpretation of these findings, a second paper follows presenting the results of a further analysis that adjusts both resources and outcomes to take account of neonatal transfers. PMID- 3221168 TI - A controlled evaluation of a health education programme for pregnant women in rural areas. AB - A controlled evaluation of health education for pregnant women was implemented from 1983 to 1985 in the French north alpine rural area with a quasi-experimental design. Altogether 116 villages (88,983 inhabitants) constituted the pilot zone where the programme took place. This was matched with a control zone of 114 villages (78,800 inhabitants) where routine antenatal surveillance was not changed. The programme involved a large group of health and social workers and institutions and several educational devices. There was a total of 3143 births to the study women during the programme. In all the 45 maternity clinics of the region the mothers were questioned as to their pregnancy history and delivery outcome. The programme succeeded in increasing, in the pilot zone, the proportion of women who benefited from a monthly antenatal visit, whereas no positive trend was shown in the control zones, even when controlling for some identified potential confounders (age and distance to health care providers). Similarly, women in the pilot zone were more likely to attend delivery preparation sessions than women in the control zone. However, many conditions revealed no differential modification in the two study zones. Perinatal morbidity is lower in the north alpine rural area than in the whole country. These results favour further development of social policies for pregnancy and of prenatal care, complemented by better information and training for health and social workers; they also favour better information as to medical monitoring, hygiene, and social rights related to pregnancy. PMID- 3221167 TI - Factors affecting the outcome of maternity care. II. Neonatal outcomes and resources beyond the hospital of birth. AB - Analysis of data about perinatal mortality and indicators of resources at maternity hospitals in the West Midlands region between 1977 and 1983 showed that paediatric staff ratios were inversely related to in-house mortality rates. In this paper, the outcomes for and resources used by transferred babies are added to those of the hospital of birth for three of the study years--1978, 1980, and 1982. Patterns of transfer differ between units and over time in the region, and a regional neonatal intensive care policy was introduced in 1980. Analysis of the new variables showed that in 1978 paediatric staffing was significantly inversely related to neonatal mortality. In later years, neonatal mortality of births at maternity units is explained entirely by the proportion of low or very low weight births. PMID- 3221169 TI - Medical morbidity of the homeless. AB - A prospective study was carried out over a three year period to assess the morbidity pattern of the homeless in Manchester. A principal diagnosis was recorded for each patient consultation during the delivery of primary health care to this population. The diagnoses were grouped and analysed in comparison with expected levels in the general population, both with and without adjustment for social class. Although the total numbers of annual consultations were similar to those expected, the morbidity pattern was very different. High consultation rates in some groups (psychiatric and dermatological conditions) were balanced by low consultation rates in other groups (cardiovascular and musculoskeletal conditions). Thus the provision of primary health care to the homeless is shown to be no greater than to the general population, after adjustment for social class. PMID- 3221170 TI - Role of alcohol in cancers of the upper alimentary tract: use of models in risk assessment. AB - A case-control study of cancers of the upper alimentary tract was conducted in a hospital to assess the role of several risk factors, including alcohol consumption, which is reported here. Male patients from one community with cancers of the oral cavity (n = 278), pharynx (n = 225), and oesophagus (n = 236) formed the case group. Patients diagnosed as not having cancer (n = 215) formed one control group, and a comparable sample of individuals from the general population (n = 177) formed another control group. The risk of regular alcohol consumption along with the two well established risk factors of tobacco smoking and chewing were assessed from the linear logistic model fitted. The process of model fitting has been elaborated. Adjusted odds ratios of alcohol consumption in those under 60 years of age varied from 1.3 to 3.6-fold for developing oral cavity cancer, from 1.9 to 5.4-fold for pharyngeal cancer, and from 1.5 to 2.7 fold for oesophageal cancer, in different age groups. No association was observed between alcohol consumption and cancer in those over 60 years of age. A synergistic effect was observed for the combined habit of alcohol drinking with tobacco smoking and/or chewing. The fact that age is a risk factor independent of habit is also demonstrated. PMID- 3221171 TI - Use of risk factors to allocate schedules for breast cancer screening. AB - In an effort to reduce the cost of breast cancer screening several studies have explored the possibility of using risk factors to select a high-risk group of women and then restrict screening to that group. The results of these studies have been almost entirely negative and so it is not possible at present to classify any woman as at such low risk that she need not be screened. Nevertheless it is well known that some groups of women can be identified as being at higher risk than the general population. In this study it is assumed that each woman will be offered one screen at which risk factor information will be collected. The usual screening policy is then one of uniform intervention in which the interval to the next screen is the same for all women: the interval that is currently recommended in the UK is three years. An alternative is a risk strategy in which the time to the next screen depends on the woman's risk status; thus the total number of screens available to the population are distributed according to risk status. Using data from the Edinburgh randomised trial of breast cancer screening these policies have been compared. It is estimated that the proportion of cases detected by screening in the three years following the completion of the initial screening round could be raised from 60% to 67% by adopting a risk strategy. Lead time benefits are also quantified as are the comparisons for an established screening programme. PMID- 3221172 TI - Occupation and cancer of the prostate. PMID- 3221173 TI - Development of immunoradiometric assays for human thyroglobulin using monoclonal antibodies and the biotin/avidin system. AB - Monoclonal antibodies against human thyroglobulin were produced by the hybridoma technique. Using three non-crossreactive monoclonal antibodies, an IRMA system was developed, with a polyclonal rabbit antibody fixed on microtiter plates as first extracting antibody. The monoclonal antibodies were used as second antibody, while anti-mouse IgG-biotin from goat and [125I]streptavidin served as the indicator system. The source of the monoclonal antibodies was diluted culture medium without purification. Sensitivities of 3-4 micrograms/l were obtained with all 3 monoclonal antibodies; interassay variation was about 5%. This test system will be used for further immunological characterization of circulating thyroglobulin in different thyroid diseases. PMID- 3221174 TI - External quality control in the determination of neonatal bilirubin. An approach to the improvement of results. AB - The reliability of bilirubin analyses is especially important in cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. However, when the means of the results of external quality control surveys and the method-dependent stated values for control sera were compared with reference method values, differences of up to 10% were found. Further inaccuracy arose from interlaboratory imprecision, which showed coefficients of variation of at least 7%, and from greater or lesser interference from contamination of samples with haemoglobin. The present work investigates whether the current situation can be improved by available means. PMID- 3221175 TI - Determination of platelet monoamine oxidase by new continuous spectrophotometric method. AB - A simple, continuous spectrophotometric method for the determination of tissue monoamine oxidase based on the oxidation of 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline 6-sulphonate) (ABTS) using peroxidase has already been described (Ivanovic, I. & Majkic-Singh, N. (1986) Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 324, 307). In the present study the method is optimised for platelet monoamine oxidase assay and applied to healthy persons and schizophrenic patients. The obtained data were statistically analysed. The continuous ABTS method is sensitive, precise (CV below 6.9%) and linear up to 83 U/g protein. Comparison with the end-point method of Szutowicz et al. (1984) Anal. Biochem. 138, 86-94) gave a good correlation (r = 0.983). The reference values for the activity of human platelet monoamine oxidase by the new continuous ABTS method are 25 to 42 U/g protein (means = 33.2 U/g protein, CV = 15.5%, n = 67). No differences were found between females and males, or between three age groups ranging from 21 to 52 years. The patients with chronic (n = 76) or acute (n = 17) schizophrenia had significantly lower monoamine oxidase activities compared with normal values (p less than 0.005), which indicates that platelet monoamine oxidase can be a possible marker for schizophrenic diseases. PMID- 3221176 TI - Quantitative determination of oestradiol-17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: increased sensitivity by HPLC separation of the hormones permits the measurement of enzyme activity in cryostat sections. AB - The activity of the oestradiol-17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human endometrial and breast cancer specimens was determined by the NAD-dependent conversion of oestradiol-17 beta to oestrone. The sensitivity of the determination was improved by the separation of the hormones by HPLC. We are now able to determine oestradiol-17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase quantitatively in cryostat sections. A clear correlation of serum progesterone levels and oestradiol-17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the endometrium was demonstrated, and we found a more than 30-fold increase in enzyme activity after the progesterone surge. In contrast, in breast cancer samples, we found no correlation between oestradiol-17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the measured serum parameters. PMID- 3221177 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ascorbic acid in serum using paired-ion chromatography and UV spectrophotometric detection. AB - A method is described for the determination of ascorbic acid in serum, using paired-ion high performance liquid chromatography with UV spectrophotometric determination. The advantages of the present procedure are its short analysis time, ease of performance and sufficient reliability. With this method it is possible to determine as little as 10 pmol (2 ng) serum ascorbic acid without any risk of oxidation. Correlation between the peak response and injected ascorbic acid concentration was found to be linear from 10 to 600 pmol (2 to 110 ng). An analytical recovery of 94.5 +/- 6.0 (mean +/- SD) was found by measuring a standard amount of ascorbic acid added to a serum pool on different days. Serum ascorbic acid concentrations were higher in adults (64 +/- 10 mumol/l) than in children (57 +/- 10 mumol/l). PMID- 3221178 TI - Blood haemoglobin determination as haemiglobin isothiocyanate. AB - A method for the determination of blood haemoglobin, as haemiglobin isothiocyanate was developed and evaluated. Appropriate concentrations of the reagents were chosen to minimize the risk of turbidity from plasma proteins. The stability constant of the isothiocyanate derivative was measured, then used to select a KSCN concentration high enough to bring about complete transformation. The method compared fairly well with the standard HiCN method, and with automatic haemoglobin measurements. The proposed procedure has no particular analytical advantages over the standard HiCN method, the haemiglobin azide method, or the alkaline haematin method; but it uses low-toxicity, non-hazardous chemicals. PMID- 3221179 TI - Comparison of different X-ray films for 32P-autoradiography using various intensifying screens at -20 degrees C and -70 degrees C. AB - The amplifier effect of different intensifying screens on commercially available X-ray films was tested in autoradiography with 32P at -20 degrees C and -70 degrees C. For the films X-Omat AR, RX and HR-G in combination with the screens G 12 and Lgy-S 600, there was no significant enhancement of blackening at -70 degrees C compared with -20 degrees C. Therefore exposure at -20 degrees C is generally feasible, if an appropriate film-screen combination is used. PMID- 3221180 TI - Enzyme induction. Report on the Workshop Conference of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry, Working Party "Clinical Chemistry in Laboratory Animals". Grosse Ledder, November 5-7, 1987. Abstracts. PMID- 3221181 TI - A modification of Reiber's laser-nephelometric protein determination method interferences of selected substances. AB - A modification of Reiber's laser-nephelometric protein quantitation method is described. Salts, (zwitterionic) buffers, sugars, chelating and reducing agents do not interfere with this method. Protein quantitation in the presence of Percoll or nonionic detergents yields erroneous results. The method is compared with two modifications of Lowry's protein determination. PMID- 3221182 TI - Serum ultrafiltration for the elimination of endogenous interfering substances in creatinine determination. AB - Serum, at neutral pH, was submitted to a simple filtration, using centrifugation in the disposable Centrisart. The ultrafiltrate was similar to serum in its creatinine content but was virtually free from proteins, including protein-bound bilirubin, haemoglobin and lipoproteins. The creatinine concentrations of anicteric serum specimens and the corresponding ultrafiltrates as determined with Jaffe and enzymic procedures show a high correlation and are convertible. With icteric sera the negative interference effect of bilirubin in a particular analytical procedure can be quantified using ultrafiltrate as the reference. It is suggested that ultrafiltration is useful in selected cases for eliminating elevated concentrations of bilirubin, haemoglobin and turbidity, which would interfere in the direct creatinine determination. Relative to the continuous flow methods with dialysis of the analyte, direct methods for creatinine are more susceptible to interference by endogenous factors like hyperbilirubinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and haemolysis (1). The negative interference by bilirubin is of special importance, since it interferes in some modifications of the kinetic Jaffe method (2) and in the chromogenic enzymatic method (3). As a simple alternative, we evaluated the use of serum ultrafiltrate for the accurate determination of creatinine by the Jaffe and enzymatic methods, free from interfering by the high-molecular serum matrix and compounds bound to it. PMID- 3221183 TI - Performance of a three-part dif impedance cytometer (Sysmex E-4000) in comparison with a cytochemical cytometer (Technicon H 6000). AB - Particle-size analysis of leukocytes with cytometers based on the impedance method makes it possible to distinguish three types of white cells in blood (small cells, medium-sized cells and large cells). In order to test the ability of such a three-part dif cytometer to screen for abnormal cells of the leukocyte series, we assayed the differentiation of white cells in 786 blood samples with the Sysmex E-4000 and compared the results with those of the Technicon H6000, a cytochemical cytometer. The small cell and large cell fractions of the Sysmex E 4000 correlated very well with the percentages of lymphocytes and neutrophils measured with the Technicon instrument and showed good sensitivity and specificity in discriminating samples with normal and abnormal results. The percentage of the medium-sized cells correlated significantly with the contents of eosinophilic, monocytic and basophilic cells as assayed with the Technicon H6000; but for a satisfactory determination of each of these cell lines (sensitivity of more than 90% and ca. 70% specificity) it was necessary for them to represent more than 10% of the medium-sized cell population. The red cell parameters of both cytometers were compared in 695 samples. All parameters, which were not based on measurement of the red cell volume, exhibited an excellent agreement for both instruments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221184 TI - The effects of haloperidol and sulpiride on apomorphine-induced locomotor activity in rats. PMID- 3221185 TI - Relationship between chromosomal aberrations and nuclear alterations induced in cultured rat heart cells by adriamycin. PMID- 3221186 TI - [Cardiorespiratory changes after vagotomy and carotid sinus nerve section in decerebrated cats]. PMID- 3221187 TI - Comparison of diet and nutritional status between normal and diabetic subjects. PMID- 3221188 TI - [Conservative or immediate surgical treatment of kidney trauma: analysis of 53 patients]. PMID- 3221189 TI - Pelvic kidney: report of 2 cases. PMID- 3221190 TI - [Pediatric cryptosporidiosis: a report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3221191 TI - Serum inhibitor of bilirubin conjugation and neonatal jaundice. PMID- 3221192 TI - Effect of nitrate on methane production and fermentation by slurries of human faecal bacteria. AB - Most probable number counts showed that denitrifying species were the numerically predominant NO3- reducing bacteria in the faeces of five methanogenic individuals [about 10(10) bacteria (g dry wt faeces)-1]. In faecal slurries, however, denitrification was a relatively minor route of NO3- dissimilation, since only about 3% of the NO3- was converted to gaseous products, with NO3- being mainly reduced to NO2- and NH4+. When KNO2 was added to the slurries, denitrification became quantitatively more significant with approximately 23% of the NO2- being lost as gaseous products. The addition of KNO3 (10 mM) to slurries containing either starch or casein significantly decreased H2 and CH4 production. The effect of NO3- on methanogenesis was twofold: firstly, H2 accumulation decreased due to diversion of electrons towards NO3-/NO2- reduction, and as a result of H2 being used as an electron donor for NO3- reduction, resulting in the removal of the methanogenic substrate; secondly, there was direct inhibition of methane producing bacteria by NO3- and NO2-. In starch-containing slurries, acetate: butyrate molar ratios were increased when NO3- was added but this effect was not observed when casein replaced starch. These results show that the ability of NO3 /NO2- to act as an electron sink can significantly influence the major products of the human colonic fermentation. PMID- 3221193 TI - Sterol synergism in Paramecium tetraurelia. AB - Paramecium tetraurelia is a naturally occurring sterol auxotroph with an absolute nutritional requirement for one of a small group of structurally related phytosterols. We report here a quantitative study demonstrating that a low, otherwise sub-supportive, concentration (approximately 0.020-0.050 micrograms ml 1) of an essential phytosterol (stigmasterol) is adequate for growth of this ciliate, provided that a second, relatively non-specific sterol is available at a higher concentration (1.0 micrograms ml-1) to allow for membrane biosynthesis. This phenomenon, referred to as sterol synergism, has been observed in a broad taxonomic range of organisms, with the conclusion that small amounts of specific sterols are required to perform some previously unknown, vital metabolic or regulatory function. Paramecium promises to be an excellent model organism for the elucidation of essential sterol function. PMID- 3221194 TI - Amplification of a section of chromosomal DNA in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus following growth in high concentrations of methicillin. AB - Growth of two independently isolated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in increasing concentrations of methicillin (step selection) resulted in increased resistance in these strains. When chromosomal DNA from the step-selected variants was probed using DNA sequences previously demonstrated to be associated with methicillin resistance in MRSA strains, amplification of the homologous chromosomal sequence was identified. Growth of these step-selected strains in the absence of methicillin resulted in loss of the amplified sequence, while the original sequence remained. There are differences between the two strains in the stability of maintenance of amplified sections. Prolonged storage of the variants on a high concentration of methicillin resulted in loss of amplified sections without concomitant loss of methicillin resistance. Thus amplification may be only one of at least two molecular mechanisms available to S. aureus to increase methicillin resistance in response to step-selection. Probing of cells of the highly resistant sub-population of a heterogeneously resistant MRSA strain showed that duplication of this mec-associated DNA is not involved in the mechanism of heteroresistance. PMID- 3221195 TI - The expression in Staphylococcus aureus of cloned DNA encoding methicillin resistance. AB - A 4 kb fragment of chromosomal DNA was cloned from a clinical strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It comprises part of a section of the chromosome that was lost when the strain was cured of resistance to methicillin and to other antimicrobial agents. The fragment mediates an increased level of methicillin resistance when inserted into a shuttle vector and transformed back into the sensitive strain generated when the original DNA was deleted. PMID- 3221196 TI - The replication, partition and yop regulation of the pYV plasmids are highly conserved in Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. AB - The replication genes (rep) of the virulence plasmid pYVe439-80 of Yersinia enterocolitica were localized and characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis. Comparison with pIB1, a virulence plasmid of Y. pseudotuberculosis, indicates that while the plasmids carry homologous rep genes their location with respect to the highly conserved 'calcium region' is different. This replication function is thermosensitive. Mini-derivatives of pYVe439-80 appear to be rather unstable. The region of pYVe439-80 containing homology to the incD determinant of F was shown to contain a plasmid-stabilization system (par). The region encoding par was characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis. pIB1 contained an homologous par region but located differently. The pYV plasmids thus underwent rearrangements during their divergent evolution. While the positions of rep and par in the two plasmids are inverted with respect to the surrounding loci, our determination of the orientation of each locus rules out the hypothesis of a simple inversion of a quadrant of pYV. The gene encoding YOP5, a 26 kDa protein encoded by pIB1, was cloned on a mobilizable vector and introduced in Y. enterocolitica W22708 containing pYVe227 (indistinguishable from pYVe439-80), mutated in the homologous gene. The recombinant Y. enterocolitica secreted YOP5. Hence, the transcriptional activation and secretion systems of pYVe227 act on a yop gene from pIB1 and on its product, indicating that these systems are interchangeable. PMID- 3221197 TI - Outer membrane protein pattern of Eubacterium plautii. AB - The outer membrane SDS-PAGE pattern of Eubacterium plautii was characterized by a large number of surface exposed low- and high-molecular-mass proteins. Silver stainable carbohydrate was not present. The pattern was clearly distinct from those of outer membrane preparations of Eubacterium saburreum and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The results are compatible with a Gram-positive cell wall structure in E. plautii. PMID- 3221198 TI - Association of Treponema hyodysenteriae with porcine intestinal mucosa. AB - The association of Treponema hyodysenteriae with porcine caecal and colonic mucosal surfaces was studied by electron microscopy after orogastric inoculation of pigs with pure cultures. Examination of caecal and colonic mucosa from infected and control animals revealed that large numbers of the spirochaete were associated only with intestinal mucosal surfaces of infected animals. Further examination of the intestinal mucosa from infected pigs showed that T. hyodysenteriae colonized two sites preferentially: the mucus-filled crypts of Lieberkuhn and the mucus gel covering the epithelium. Furthermore, no evidence of either specific or nonspecific adhesion to the epithelium proper was found, suggesting that penetration of, or trapping in the mucus gel may be the predominant mechanism of mucosal association by T. hyodysenteriae. Moreover, T. hyodysenteriae was also observed to be highly motile in intestinal mucus, moving faster than any other organism present, and this 'high speed' motility appeared to facilitate penetration into the mucosa. The pattern of motility observed was also highly suggestive of chemotaxis, and this was subsequently confirmed using an in vitro assay to porcine mucus material. It is suggested, therefore, that motility and chemotaxis are important factors/mechanisms in the association and colonization of porcine intestinal mucosa by T. hyodysenteriae. PMID- 3221199 TI - Five unique temperate phages from a polylysogenic strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. AB - Five temperate phages were isolated from strain 4042B of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. The phages, which were heteroimmune, could also be distinguished by their host ranges, plaque and particle morphologies, serological specificities, and locations of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites on their chromosomes. Besides maintaining a stable lysogenic relationship with the 4042B host strain, each phage formed a stable lysogen with Bacillus cereus. PMID- 3221200 TI - Purification and properties of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Phycomyces spores. AB - The NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Phycomyces spores was purified more than 300-fold. Estimation of Mr by gel filtration gave a value of 98,000 whereas after SDS-PAGE one major band of Mr 54,000 was found, suggesting that the enzyme is a dimer. The enzyme was virtually dependent on the presence of AMP for activity and showed half-maximal activation at 9.5 and 43 microM-AMP in the direction of animation and deamination respectively. ADP was nearly as effective at 20-fold higher concentrations. Other nucleotide monophosphates were ineffective and nucleoside triphosphates were slightly inhibitory. Hyperbolic kinetics were found for all substrates yielding Km values of about 10 mM for ammonium, 1 mM for 2-oxoglutarate and 0.1 mM for NADH in the direction of amination, and 10 mM for glutamate and 0.7 mM for NAD in the direction of deamination. PMID- 3221201 TI - Synthesis of membrane and periplasmic proteins during starvation of a marine Vibrio sp. AB - Changes in membrane and periplasmic protein profiles induced by starvation conditions in the marine Vibrio sp. S14 were examined by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Analysis by densitometry resolved at least six periplasmic proteins, nine outer membrane proteins, and four cytoplasmic membrane proteins induced at various times during 120 h of nutrient and energy starvation. Eight of these were also synthesized by heat- and/or ethanol-shocked cells. Pulse labelling indicated that the starvation-induced proteins were not products of degradation, and that their synthesis was differently modulated during starvation. The most pronounced changes occurred during the initial hours of nutrient and energy deprivation. The correlation between the initial changes in protein composition and utilization of the intracellular energy reserve poly-beta hydroxybutyrate is discussed. The rate of proteolysis during the initial hours of starvation was approximately 16 times greater than that during exponential growth. PMID- 3221202 TI - Structuring strain data for storage and retrieval of information on fungi and yeasts in MINE, the Microbial Information Network Europe. AB - A distributed Microbial Information Network Europe (MINE) is being constructed by a number of major microbial culture collections in countries of the European Community, with the support of the Biotechnology Action Programme (BAP) of the Commission of the European Community. The representatives of the collections participating in MINE have agreed to adopt a general format for the computer storage and retrieval of strain data. This uniform format will facilitate the electronic combination and exchange of data from different collections in order to produce integrated catalogues and the use of identical commands to search the different databases. It is recommended to other collections who may wish to contribute data to the MINE network or between themselves. Three kinds of records can be linked to the leading 'species records': strain records, synonym records, and alternative morphonym records. A minimum data set of 30 fields (similar to the fields used for producing catalogues) is defined that facilitates the exchange of data between the national nodes and serves as a directory to strains available at other nodes. It is suggested that the full strain record comprise 99 fields, grouped in 12 blocks: internal administration--name--strain administration--status--environment and history--biological interactions- sexuality--properties (cytology, biomolecular data)--genotype and genetics- growth conditions--chemistry and enzymes--practical applications. Several fields are divided into subfields of different ranks. Delimiters are used either to separate a range of entries that have to be indexed or to divide an entry from the reference to its source or remarks that should not be indexed. The contents and structure of the fields proposed for filamentous fungi and yeasts are described and in some cases illustrated by examples. Uniformity of input is essential for indexed fields and desirable for non-indexed fields. Seven thesaurus files are envisaged to ensure consistency. PMID- 3221203 TI - A comparative study of the sugar composition of lipopolysaccharides isolated from Vibrio cholerae, 'Vibrio albensis' and Vibrio metschnikovii. AB - A comparative study was made of the quantitative sugar composition of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Vibrio cholerae (O1 and non O1 groups), 'V. albensis', 'V. proteus' and V. metschnikovii. The amino sugars 4-amino-4,6 dideoxy-D-mannose (perosamine) and 2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (quinovosamine) were present exclusively in LPS isolated from S-form O1 group of V. cholerae regardless of serotype (i.e. Ogawa or Inaba) and biotype (i.e. classical or eltor). Classical O1 group V. cholerae was distinguishable from eltor O1 group V. cholerae on the basis of the fructose content of the LPS: greater than 3% and less than or equal to 1%, respectively. Distinct differences in the sugar composition of LPS were observed between V. cholerae and 'V. albensis', 'V. proteus' and V. metschnikovii. PMID- 3221204 TI - [Genetics in Greek antiquity]. PMID- 3221205 TI - [Genetic counseling in craniostenosis. Results of a prospective study performed with a group of studies on craniofacial malformations]. AB - Result of a family study based on 584 patients with craniostenosis brings some answers useful for genetic counselling. For 98 patients (15%) a syndrome is associated. Third part of them has Apert syndrome, an other third part has Crouzon syndrome, and for the last third more exceptional acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome (Saethre-Chotzen, Pfeiffer) or others atypical associations, sometimes not yet described, but with an autosomal dominant inheritance. Non syndromic craniostenosis involves differently according to the type of join, but the localization is the same if recurrence will be happen. Coronal craniostenosis seems to be a dominant autosomal character, when scaphocephaly is more often sporadic; for both, an autosomal dominant inheritance is not excluded for some pedigrees. If the recurrence risk exist in some cases, it is generally well accepted by parents on account of the good neurosurgeon prognosis. PMID- 3221206 TI - [De novo del (13) (q31.1----qter) in a girl. Effect of gene dosage on blood coagulation factors VII and X]. AB - Partial deletions of chromosome 13 are heterogeneous. The authors describe a girl with a large terminal deletion. PMID- 3221207 TI - [Otologic signs and early diagnosis of Turner syndrome. Reevaluation of 30 cases]. AB - In most occasions the Turner's syndrome is diagnosed on the basis of severe growth retardation. But the possibility of an effective treatment of short stature requires earlier a diagnosis. Among the other signs, the importance of ORL signs is underestimated. A group of 30 patients has been analysed to determine their precise extension. The external ears are frequently prominent, low-set and/or posteriorly rotated. Frequency and chronicity of otitis media is highlighted by hypoacousy of the transmission type. The perception pathology is far less common and seems being independent of middle ear pathology. A abnormal development of the 1st branchial arch is likely to explain the auricular pathology in view of the frequently associated anomalies of the palate and the dental articulation. One must clearly consider the diagnosis of Turner syndrome in the case of chronic auricular pathology associated with low linear velocity in a young girl allowing for earlier diagnosis. PMID- 3221208 TI - Familial trisomy 11p resulting from a balanced paternal translocation: 3 new cases including first trimester diagnosis. AB - Three related new cases with almost complete trisomy 11p due to paternal balanced translocation 46, XY, t(7; 11) (q36.1; p11.1) are reported. The proband (Case 1) was a malformed stillborn with exomphalos, case 2 was diagnosed in the first trimester by direct chromosome preparations from chorionic villi, and confirmed on fetal products after termination of pregnancy. Case 3, a cousin to cases 1 and 2, was a 29-weeks-old fetus with omphalocele discovered at ultrasound. Literature reports of trisomy 11p are reviewed with regard to those new cases, and the possible relationship of this chromosome imbalance with the Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome is discussed. PMID- 3221209 TI - [X maternal mosaicism and genetic counseling]. AB - Among number of women having consulted for repeated miscarriages about sixty have a gonosomic mosaicism involving chromosome X for which abnormal clones (monosomy and/or excess) are always the minority. A retrospective study of the obstetrical follow up these patients have shown that 23% of them will give birth to a child with a chromosomic abnormality (21 trisomy, 13 trisomy, 45,X, 45,X/46,X iso X (q), 48,XXXX, 49 XXXXXY, del 5 p-). The hypothesis of a tendency toward non disjunction is pushing for an prenatal diagnosis for patients with X mosaicism. However one can question about the real meaning of this abnormality regarding to the fact that the patients referred are not representative of the general population. Should interchromosomic interaction be taken for responsible? Is the risk for having a child chromosomic abnormality, especially X aneuploidy the same than for the overall population. It certainly would be rewarding to look after these different hypothesis in a multicentric collaborative study. PMID- 3221210 TI - [Hereditary congenital lymphedema with pseudosexual ambiguity]. AB - A case of uncommon genital lymphedema in a newborn girl like a pseudo sexual ambiguity is reported. The karyotype was 46, XX. Lymphedema of the lower limbs in the patient and in the mother's family confirmed a None-Milroy disease. Different considerations about genetic counseling in hereditary lymphedema, isolated or associated with others anomalies, are developed. PMID- 3221211 TI - [Genetic counseling in a case of neuro-ectodermosis: Vera Price trichothiodystrophy. Brittle hair with reduced sulfur content]. PMID- 3221212 TI - [Familial primary myeloproliferative syndrome. Three cases in the same family]. PMID- 3221213 TI - Sarcoidosis of the anterior visual pathway: successes and failures. AB - Four patients with progressive visual deterioration were found to have sarcoidosis involving the anterior visual pathway. They all developed chiasmal dysfunction and bilateral optic neuropathy, which responded to megadose corticosteroid therapy. When an attempt was made to withdraw the corticosteroids, the patients experienced a recrudescence of visual dysfunction and were subsequently unable to tolerate the corticosteroid dose levels necessary to maximise their visual potential. Each patient was treated with high-voltage radiation therapy, totalling up to 4500 rads. The beneficial response obtained was temporary, and immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine or chlorambucil was instituted, preventing further deterioration. PMID- 3221214 TI - Visual hemispatial inattention: stimulus parameters and exploratory strategies. AB - Patients with unilateral hemispheric lesions were given visual target cancellation tasks. As expected, marked contralateral and less severe ipsilateral visual inattention were observed in patients with right-sided cerebral lesions whereas those with left-sided lesions showed only mild contralateral neglect. Stimulus material (shapes vs letters) and array (random vs structured) interacted in a complex manner to influence target detection only in patients with right sided lesions. Furthermore, the search strategy of these patients tended to be erratic, particularly when the stimuli were in an unstructured array. A structured array prompted a more systematic and efficient search. It appears, therefore, that stimulus content and spatial array affect neglect behaviour in patients with right-sided lesions and that a lack of systematic visual exploration within the extrapersonal space is one factor that contributes to visual hemispatial inattention. PMID- 3221215 TI - Aetiological considerations and risk factors for multi-infarct dementia. AB - One hundred and seventy five multi-infarct dementia (MID) patients were evaluated for risk factors for stroke as well as for the types of cerebrovascular lesions that were present. The incidence of associated risk factors for stroke were as follows: hypertension (66%), heart disease (47%), cigarette smoking (37%), diabetes mellitus (20%), moderate alcohol consumption (19%) and hyperlipidaemia (21%). The most frequently occurring type of lesions were multiple lacunar infarctions of the brain (43%). These were combined with other types of stroke in an additional 21%. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries occurred alone in 18% and was associated with other types of stroke in another 25%. Embolic cerebral infarctions were present alone in 8% and were combined with other types of stroke in 15%. MID was more frequent in men (62%) than women (p less than 0.002). Mean bihemispheric gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) values showed a fluctuating course and when results were pooled and compared between different types of MID, extracranial occlusive disease and/or multiple lacunar infarctions resulted in lowest CBF values. The location of cerebral infarctions was more importantly related to cognitive impairments than was the total volume of infarcted brain. Mortality rates among 125 MID patients followed for 31 months has been 5%. Correct clinical classification of the types of cerebrovascular lesions was confirmed in three necropsied cases. PMID- 3221216 TI - Dementia and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. AB - The frequency of dementia, the clinical characteristics and the pattern of cognitive impairment were studied in 147 unselected Parkinsonian patients. Twenty one patients (14.28%) were judged to be demented. They had a more severe and widespread cognitive deficit although they were affected particularly in those tests that already discriminated Parkinsonian patients from controls. A direct comparison of Parkinsonian dementia with other types of dementia is needed to validate the concept of subcortical dementia. PMID- 3221217 TI - Constipation and paradoxical puborectalis contraction in anismus and Parkinson's disease: a dystonic phenomenon? AB - Anismus, or constipation due to functional obstruction at the pelvic outlet by paradoxical contraction of the striated sphincter muscles during defaecation straining, is described in ten constipated patients and four patients with Parkinson's disease and constipation. The dysfunctional pattern of muscle recruitment resembled that characteristic of dystonia elsewhere in the body and was indistinguishable in patients with idiopathic anismus and those with extrapyramidal motor disturbance due to Parkinson's disease. These findings suggest that anismus may be a focal dystonic phenomenon. PMID- 3221218 TI - Low leukocyte glutamate dehydrogenase activity does not correlate with a particular type of multiple system atrophy. AB - Leucocyte glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was measured in 26 normal control subjects, 20 patients with multiple system atrophy presenting features of either olivopontocerebellar atrophy or striatonigral degeneration and in a heterogenous group of 15 patients with spinocerebellar degenerations. A broad range of GDH activity was found in all three groups. Low activity failed to correlate with a specific clinical entity. Patients followed to post-mortem examination to date have demonstrated histological features of at least three distinct morbid entities. It is concluded, contrary to earlier reports including the authors', that low leukocyte GDH activity does not identify a particular type of multiple system atrophy. PMID- 3221219 TI - Dystonia and tremor induced by peripheral trauma: predisposing factors. AB - Movement disorders are usually of central origin, but sometimes involuntary movements occur after peripheral trauma. Twenty eight patients, 13 women and 15 men, mean age 37 years (range 15-78), were studied with dystonia or tremor in whom the onset of abnormal movements was related, in time and in distribution, to injury of a body part. Among 23 patients with latency of less than one year after injury, focal dystonia of the involved body part was found in 18, nine of whom had associated reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). One of five patients with peripherally induced tremor had RSD. Abnormal electromyography or nerve conduction velocities were found in the affected limb in four patients, but other electrophysiologic techniques provided evidence for disturbed central function. In 15 patients (65%) possible predisposing factors may have contributed to the pathogenesis of the trauma induced abnormal involuntary movements. PMID- 3221221 TI - Short-latency autogenic inhibition (IB inhibition) in human spasticity. AB - The inhibitory effect of IB interneurons on motoneurons was tested in both legs of six hemiplegic adults. On the normal side, an inhibition of 10 ms, (14.6%) was observed in all cases and was similar to that described previously. On the spastic side, the same technique results in a facilitation of same duration reaching a maximum of 15%. Hence the IB inhibitory effect is, at least functionally, absent in spasticity. Disappearance of IB inhibition is an additional mechanism to be considered in interpreting spasticity. PMID- 3221220 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid neurohypophysial peptides in benign intracranial hypertension. AB - The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) were investigated both in patients with benign intracranial hypertension and in age and sex matched controls. Twenty eight lumbar punctures were performed on 15 patients with benign intracranial hypertension as part of their routine investigation and therapy. All patients had raised intracranial pressure (27.4, SE 1.7 cm.CSF). CSF AVP levels were significantly elevated in benign intracranial hypertension (2.1, SE 0.3 pmol/l) compared with controls (0.7, SE 0.1 pmol/l, p less than 0.001) but CSF OT concentrations were similar in both groups. CSF osmolality and plasma AVP and osmolality were identical in patients and controls. There was no correlation between CSF AVP concentration and intracranial pressure. The selective elevation of AVP in CSF may be of importance in the pathogenesis of raised intracranial pressure in benign intracranial hypertension. PMID- 3221222 TI - The effect of mazindol on growth hormone secretion in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Mazindol has been reported to improve muscle function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by virtue of its growth hormone (GH) suppression. The effects were studied on GH secretion (in response to growth hormone releasing factor and sleep) of mazindol 2 mg daily for 3 months in five boys with DMD. No consistent change was found following mazindol therapy. Adverse effects were noted in all the boys which may preclude long term use of mazindol in DMD. PMID- 3221223 TI - Stability and tremor in the fingers associated with cerebellar hemisphere and cerebellar tract lesions in man. AB - Stability and tremor in the fingers were assessed by a new technique in patients with unilateral cerebellar syndromes. In 11 patients with unilateral cerebellar hemisphere lesions tremor was observed with either clear tremor at 5-7 Hz or prolongation of the tremor profile out to 11 Hz. In 10 patients with unilateral cerebellar lesions associated with ipsilateral past-pointing there was an asymmetry in finger stability. Compared with normal subjects there was a significant decrease in stability contralateral to the lesion, while the ipsilateral side's stability was not different from normal. In patients with high brain stem lesions at the level of cranial nerves VII and above, tremor had frequencies of 5-7 Hz. In those with lower brain stem lesions, often with long tract signs as well, the frequencies of tremor were faster, 8-11 Hz, which may reflect damage to cerebellar inflow tracts. A broad if not specific correlation was found between clinical condition, site of lesion and finger stability and tremor. PMID- 3221224 TI - The early risk of multiple sclerosis after optic neuritis. AB - Serial brain MRI was performed in 53 patients with clinically isolated optic neuritis. Using clinical and imaging evidence for relapse, multiple sclerosis developed within a mean of 12 months in 19 of 34 cases (56%) with brain lesions at presentation, and in only 3 of 19 cases (16%) without (Relative Risk = 6.8, p less than 0.005). PMID- 3221225 TI - Pontine lesion in opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome shown by MRI. AB - Two patients with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome are reported whose magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed brain stem lesions. Both patients developed the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome after an upper respiratory illness. One case had visual hallucinations during the course of illness and MRI revealed a focal lesion in the pons involving the junction of basis and tegmentum. MRI of the second case showed a focal lesion at the upper pontine tegmentum. PMID- 3221227 TI - An experimental analysis of factors underlying neglect in line bisection. AB - The finding that patients with neglect make larger errors when bisecting longer lines could be due to failure to disengage attention from a segment of the line on the ipsilesional side, or to a reduced ability to direct attention and/or action contralaterally. The findings are reported from a patient with left-sided neglect who set the midpoint further away from the right end of lines as their length increased, a finding consistent with the latter interpretation. His errors were significantly related to length and lateral extent of lines presented in left hemispace, but only to length of lines presented in right hemispace. PMID- 3221226 TI - Familial cerebellar ataxia and diabetes insipidus. AB - Two sisters are reported who both developed partial cranial diabetes insipidus in their 4th decade, followed by progressive cerebellar ataxia. This appears to be the first report of cerebellar ataxia and diabetes insipidus occurring together as a genetic entity. PMID- 3221228 TI - Prism adaptation in Parkinson's disease. AB - Prism adaptation is impaired by lesions in the basal ganglia in non-human primates, suggesting that this area is involved in this form of visuomotor learning. We investigated the ability of patients with Parkinson's disease to prism adapt. Patients and controls wore prisms which deflected vision laterally by 11 degrees. After baseline testing with a localisation task that permitted no feedback about performance accuracy, prism adaptation was tested at 4 minute intervals over a 28 minute trial. All subjects erred initially, reaching too far to the left of the target, but a separate pointing task encouraged adaptation and reaching error decreased at a similar rate in Parkinsonians and controls. Immediately after the prisms were removed, all subjects reached to the right of the target. This negative after effect was present in controls but not patients when assessed 4 minutes later, suggesting that the patients could not maintain the new sensorimotor relationship imposed by the prisms after their removal. This is similar to performance on visuospatial and executive tasks in Parkinsonians, where ongoing behaviour cannot be modulated without external guidance. PMID- 3221230 TI - Involvement of smell and taste in giant cell arteritis. PMID- 3221229 TI - Fluoride in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with fluorosis. AB - The CSF fluoride level of individuals drinking water with normal fluoride content and of patients with endemic fluorosis were studied. For the purpose of studying the relationship between the dynamic equilibrium of the CSF fluoride and other body fluids, urine and blood fluoride were examined simultaneously. Fluoride was revealed in every CSF sample of the control group and its mean value was lower than that of the blood. The CSF fluoride concentration of patients with fluorosis was slightly higher than that of the control group, although there was no statistically significant difference. The results suggests that fluoride is a normal component of CSF. In severe cases of fluorosis or breakdown of the blood brain in some diseases of the central nervous system, the CSF fluoride value might be increased. PMID- 3221231 TI - Sarcoid meningitis, high adenosine deaminase levels in CSF and results of cranial irradiation. PMID- 3221232 TI - Extensor tone disinhibition from an infarction within the midline anterior cerebellar lobe. PMID- 3221233 TI - Transient ischaemic attacks associated with thrombocytosis in active rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3221234 TI - Dose-dependence of endoneurial fluid sodium and chloride accumulation in galactose intoxication. AB - Endoneurial edema in galactose neuropathy was studied in a colony of Sprague Dawley rats fed diets containing 0%, 10%, 20% or 40% D-galactose for approx. 200 days. Endoneurial fluid was analyzed by X-ray microanalysis for electrolyte concentration, by microgravimetry of whole nerve segments for water content, by measurement of endoneurial fluid pressure and by morphometry in transverse sections of nerve. Galactose intoxication resulted in dose-dependent increases in endoneurial fluid sodium and chloride that were directly associated with increases in nerve water content and endoneurial fluid pressure. The presence of edema and its dose-dependence was also confirmed by morphometric analysis of sciatic nerves at the light microscopic level. The data demonstrate that electrolyte-induced osmotic imbalances in endoneurial fluid are dependent on the amount of galactose ingested and suggest that the dose-related accumulation of sodium and chloride in endoneurial fluid contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of galactose neuropathy. PMID- 3221235 TI - Influence of contractile force on properties of motor unit action potentials: ADEMG analysis. AB - We have used automatic decomposition electromyography (ADEMG) to measure the configurational and firing properties of 13,206 motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) in the brachial biceps, brachial triceps and anterior tibial muscles of 30 healthy adults (22 men, 8 women; mean age 48.6 +/- 16.9 years, range 20-76) at three levels of isometric contractile force: threshold, 10% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and 30% MVC. In all muscles, the increment in contractile force from threshold to 10% MVC was associated with a significant (P less than 0.05, paired t-test) increase in mean MUAP firing rate and number of turns per MUAP. The increment from 10% to 30% MVC led to highly significant (P less than 0.005) increase in mean firing rate, number of turns, amplitude and rise rate. Each force increment was associated with an increase in the number of simultaneously-active MUAPs per recording site; and with a significant decrease in mean MUAP duration in all muscles, due to noise-dependency of the duration measurement. Quantitatively, the changes in MUAP properties with force were comparable to or exceeded the effects of age, gender differences, or intermuscular variability. Test-retest measurements 2 years apart in a subgroup of young adults showed good correspondence of mean MUAP properties with force standardization. These results demonstrate that contractile force is a major determinant of MUAP shape and behavior properties, and so must be precisely measured or controlled in clinical EMG studies. PMID- 3221236 TI - Partial correction of an inherited biochemical defect of skeletal muscle by grafts of normal muscle precursor cells. AB - We have attempted to use allografts of normal muscle precursor cells (mpc) to insert donor nuclei, containing a normal genome, into growing or regenerating skeletal muscle fibres of mice with an inherited deficiency of the enzyme phosphorylase kinase (PhK). Analysis of the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) isoenzymes of treated muscles showed that myonuclei of donor origin became incorporated into host muscle fibres in 8 of 9 regenerating autografts, but PhK activity was found only in the 3 grafts into which the largest numbers (1-3 x 10(6)) of mpc had been implanted. Following injection of normal mpc into growing PhK-deficient skeletal muscle, mosaic fibres containing myonuclei of donor origin were detected in only 11 of 192 muscles examined from 64 mice, but, of these 11 muscles, 5 contained PhK activity detectable by two separate assays in a further 4 muscles activity was detected by one or other assay. PMID- 3221237 TI - Phosphorylase kinase activities in damaged mouse skeletal muscles. AB - In the course of work in which the phosphorylase kinase (PhK)-deficient mouse was used as a model of a defined inherited myopathy, we measured the PhK activity in regenerated autografts of normal whole extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Initially, no PhK activity was found for up to 71 days after grafting. A more sensitive assay technique revealed PhK activity in regenerated normal grafts from 43 days after grafting, but the levels never reached those found in ungrafted normal muscle. PhK activity was also reduced in normal EDL muscles following either: denervation, or tenotomy, or denervation and devascularisation, or denervation, devascularisation and tenotomy, but the reduction was never as great as that observed in grafted muscle of equivalent age. PhK activity was also reduced in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of the myopathic C57B1/10 mdx strain of mouse, in which the skeletal muscles undergo persistent bouts of degeneration and regeneration, whilst retaining their vascular and nervous connections. It was concluded that the loss of PhK activity in grafted muscle is due to a combination of the effects of denervation, tenotomy and regeneration which occur on grafting. PMID- 3221238 TI - In vivo phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) study of dystrophic hamster muscle. AB - Skeletal muscle bioenergetics of dystrophic hamsters (DH) were studied by in vivo 31P-NMR in order to evaluate possible metabolic impairment. 31P-NMR data were obtained during rest, during muscle work that was induced by nerve stimulation at 3 frequencies (0.2, 0.4 and 1.0 Hz) and during postexercise recovery. At rest, phosphocreatine-to-inorganic phosphate ratio (PCr/Pi) was significantly (P less than 0.02) lower in adult DH (5.3 +/- 1.1; +/- 2 SD) compared with control hamsters (6.55 +/- 0.5). An increased PCr depletion was found in DH muscle during nerve stimulation and the steady-state PCr/Pi was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower at 0.4 and 1.0 Hz. Slow PCr/Pi recovery was observed in DH (0.5 +/- 0.2 units per min compared with 1.42 +/- 0.28 for control, +/- 2 SD, P less than 0.02). These findings suggest a significant in vivo mitochondrial malfunction in DH muscle that may result from either mitochondrial abnormalities or cardiac insufficiency or a combination of both. PMID- 3221240 TI - Behavioral and neurochemical evaluation of a transgenic mouse model of Lesch Nyhan syndrome. AB - Two transgenic strains of mutant mice lacking hypoxanthine-guanidine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity were examined behaviorally and neurochemically for phenotypic similarity to the human Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. In this syndrome, male children markedly deficient in the enzyme HPRT develop self mutilation and severe motoric difficulties, and exhibit a pronounced deficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia. The HPRT-deficient mice showed no evidence of self-mutilation, no detectable motor impairments on tests selected for sensitivity to basal ganglia dysfunction, and no differences in response to apomorphine. Biochemical analyses revealed significantly lower levels of striatal dopamine in the HPRT-deficient mice than in HPRT normal littermates, but the depletion was only of the order of 19%. The results suggest that mice lacking HPRT activity do not phenotypically resemble children born with the same enzymatic deficiency in part because mutant mouse striatal dopamine levels are not as low as those seen in clinical cases with Lesch-Nyhan disease. In contrast to Lesch-Nyhan children, mice may be able to utilize alternative pathways more effectively to maintain purine and neurotransmitter levels within the ranges required for normal brain development and function. PMID- 3221239 TI - Immunoglobulins from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affect human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. AB - Human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) solubilized with Triton X-100 and obtained as a complex with micelles containing Triton and membrane phospholipids was incubated with immunoglobulins (Igs) from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and from normal individuals. The temperature dependence of the AChE activity was determined. Biphasic (broken) Arrhenius plots were obtained with control Igs with the break point at 32.8 +/- 0.3 degrees C (SD, n = 18) indicating that the enzyme changes its conformation at this temperature. With ALS Igs monophasic (linear) plots were observed in 14 cases and a biphasic in one case. ALS-Igs prevent the conformational change occurring at the break point temperature. The activation energy at physiological temperature increased by 60% from 2.4 to 3.8 kcal/mol (10.0-15.9 kJ/mol) which implies that ALS-Igs inhibit AChE. Thus, ALS-patients have autoantibodies that change the normal behaviour of erythrocyte AChE and which bind to the enzyme molecule or/and to phospholipids associated with the enzyme. At least part of the autoantibodies should be directed against the enzyme molecule, since a change in the Arrhenius plot was also observed in a control experiment with AChE which probably had micelles without any phospholipids. This enzyme was isolated by affinity chromatography and was washed with a buffer containing Triton X-100 before desorption from the affinity column, a treatment known to remove all phospholipids from erythrocyte AChE. PMID- 3221241 TI - Familial motor neuron disease: differing penetrance in large pedigrees. AB - It is likely that adult-onset motor neuron disease is inherited more frequently than has previously been believed. We have studied 9 families with familial motor neuron disease and have found apparently wide variation in penetrance. Only one has autosomal dominant inheritance with high penetrance and in this family the average age of onset is similar to that reported in reviews of familial motor neuron disease. The remaining families have a pattern consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance with diminished penetrance. The average ages of onset in these families are comparable with those in sporadic motor neuron disease. Low penetrance appears to be related to higher average age of disease onset because gene carriers have an increased likelihood of dying from other causes before developing motor neuron disease. When penetrance is low the family history may be unknown, causing affected individuals to be mistakenly regarded as having sporadic disease. We conclude that the incidence of familial motor neuron disease is likely to have been underestimated by the exclusion of apparently sporadic cases in which the familial disease has low penetrance. These results and conclusions imply that the lower average age of disease onset reported in familial motor neuron disease may be due to selective recognition of high penetrance families with lower average ages of onset. PMID- 3221242 TI - An investigation of possible transynaptic neuronal degeneration in human spinal cord injury. AB - Neurophysiological studies suggested that transynaptic neuronal degeneration of the anterior horn cells (AHC) may occur after an upper motoneuron lesion as the result of "deafferentation". To test this observation anatomically, patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who had come to post mortem were investigated. Four patients with longstanding clinically and pathologically "complete" SCI were selected for comparison with 4 age-matched normal controls and with 2 patients who died of motoneuron disease (MND). The total number of AHCs in the L3 spinal cord segment was counted in each of the cases. The lesions in the traumatic group were all above the L3 segment. No significant differences in the number of AHC between the test cases and the normal controls was found. There was, as expected, a highly significant difference between the test cases and those with MND. The conclusion drawn from the study is that transynaptic neuronal degeneration of AHCs does not occur following complete transection of the human spinal cord. Thus the neurophysiological hypothesis is not supported anatomically. PMID- 3221243 TI - Microangiopathy with encephalopathy, hearing loss and retinal arteriolar occlusions: two new cases. AB - Two young women developed encephalopathy, hearing loss and retinal arteriolar occlusions. Their behaviour became immature and cognitive functions were severely impaired. One of the patients underwent brain biopsy, which showed several microinfarcts in both white and grey matter and microangiopathic changes, with thickened arteriolar segments staining intensely for laminin and fibronectin. These findings support the concept of a new type of microangiopathy involving the brain, inner ear and retina. PMID- 3221244 TI - Oxygen toxicity protecting enzymes in Parkinson's disease. Increase of superoxide dismutase-like activity in the substantia nigra and basal nucleus. AB - Oxygen-derived toxicity has been suggested as being involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase provide the enzymatic defence against oxygen toxicity. The activities of these enzymes were measured in peripheral blood leucocytes, cerebrospinal fluid and in different brain regions from patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and from controls. There was no indication of a generalized defect in any of these enzymes in Parkinson's disease. The brain activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were also comparable to those of the controls. An increased superoxide dismutase-like activity was observed in several regions of parkinsonian brains, including the temporal cortex, thalamus and red nucleus. However, the most pronounced increase occurred in the substantia nigra and basal nucleus. This may be due to an increase of the superoxide dismutase activity or be a result of the presence of a compound with superoxide dismutase-like activity, and may reflect the involvement of radical induced cell damage in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3221245 TI - Specific IgG subclass reactivity in herpes simplex encephalitis. AB - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 19 patients with a previous diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE), from 14 patients with a previous diagnosis of non HSVE encephalitis and from 21 healthy subjects were examined to detect IgG subclasses 1-4 reactive with herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV). Antibodies to HSV were detected in CSF and serum from the 14 HSVE-patients with a reactivated HSV infection and from 3 of the 5 patients with a primary HSV infection. The predominant subclass pattern was an early HSV-specific IgG1 rise, followed by IgG3 and, more seldom, IgG4; HSV IgG2 was rarely seen. In HSVE patients, HSV IgG3 was absent in early samples and usually appeared 10-20 days after onset of disease. In 14 out of 16 seropositive healthy controls, on the other hand, HSV IgG3 was present in the CSF. Rising VZV IgG levels in serum and CSF were found in 11 HSVE patients. Eight of them showed signs of intrathecal VZV IgG1 synthesis. The VZV IgG reactivity was restricted to IgG1 in 7 of these whereas the HSV IgG subclass response also included IgG3 or 4. The appearance of several HSV IgG subclasses appeared to serve as a marker of HSV infection in spite of the serological VZV reaction, usually restricted to VZV IgG1. Intrathecal synthesis of the quantitatively minor HSV IgG3 and 4 subclasses was detected earlier than intrathecal synthesis of total HSV IgG, dominated by IgG1 in 4 patients with HSVE. PMID- 3221247 TI - A clinical, epidemiological and genetic study of hereditary motor neuropathies in Benghazi, Libya. AB - A 4-year-search for spinal muscular atrophies (hereditary motor neuropathies, HMN) in Benghazi, Libya, yielded a total of 24 patients, among whom 18 were index cases. This group comprised 6 acute infantile, 12 chronic childhood, and 3 each with adult-onset proximal, and distal forms of the disorder. Distal HMN constituted 12.5% of the total cases. The crude average annual incidence of acute infantile HMN was 0.3/100,000 total population and 1/12,500 births in Benghazi. The crude prevalence rates of chronic childhood, adult-onset proximal, and distal types of HMN were 2.3, 0.6, and 0.6/100,000 respectively. The segregation ratios, 0.26 for acute infantile HMN and 0.24 for chronic childhood HMN, suggested autosomal recessive inheritance. The consanguinity rates among parents of cases and the population did not differ significantly. PMID- 3221246 TI - Anticoagulant therapy in recurrent cerebral embolism: a retrospective study in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. AB - For the prevention of recurrent embolic stroke, 23 elderly patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) were treated with oral anticoagulants (warfarin) during a mean period of 3.8 years. Only one patient suffered recurrent embolism, and another had acute myocardial infarction. There was no cerebral haemorrhage during the treatment. In an untreated control group (from an autopsy series), recurrent embolic strokes occurred in 18 of 70 NVAF patients (26%) during a mean period of 1.3 years. Long-term anticoagulant therapy appears to be effective in the prevention of recurrent embolic stroke in elderly patients with NVAF. PMID- 3221248 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: clinical and histopathological report of a patient presenting with spinal cord involvement. AB - An unusual mode of presentation of lymphomatoid granulomatosis is reported. A 19 year-old man developed spinal cord symptoms, and magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord disclosed a compatible lesion. Despite medical therapy the outcome was fatal. PMID- 3221249 TI - Cerebral amyloid angiopathy with attenuation of the white matter on CT scans: subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger) in a normotensive patient. AB - Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy was diagnosed in a 56-year-old female normotensive patient with gradually progressing dementia, pseudobulbar palsy and motor deficits. CT scan showed white matter low attenuation in the frontal and parietal lobes. Neuropathological examination revealed degeneration of the white matter. Amyloid was found in walls of small cortical vessels. The walls of small vessels in the white matter showed severe thickening, fibrosis and hyalinization but not amyloid. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy may be responsible for subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. PMID- 3221251 TI - MRI appearances of the CNS manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a report of two cases. AB - Two patients are reported with Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related cervical myelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging in each case demonstrated clinically silent lesions suggesting more extensive neurological involvement. This supports the concept of widespread immunologically mediated disease occurring as a remote effect of initial M. pneumoniae respiratory infection. Differences from the MRI appearances of a patient with mycoplasma-related Guillian-Barre syndrome imply that more than one antigenic determinant is involved. PMID- 3221250 TI - Amyloid angiopathy and granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system: a case responding to corticosteroid treatment. AB - A 73-year-old woman presented with multifocal cerebral dysfunction of 1 month's duration. Cranial CT scanning revealed unusual widespread abnormalities. Brain biopsy showed amyloid angiopathy affecting vessels in the meninges and cerebral cortex, with associated granulomatous angiitis. There was no clinical evidence of extracranial vasculitis. Corticosteroid therapy produced striking clinical and radiological improvement. PMID- 3221252 TI - Eating epilepsy. AB - The term "reflex epilepsy" denotes epilepsies characterized by a specific mode of seizure precipitation. Seventeen patients in whom the act of eating precipitated seizures are described. Interictal EEG showed generalized seizure discharges in three and focal discharges in five patients. In four patients EEG was recorded during eating. In one of these, the frequency of seizure discharge increased, but none had a clinical seizure during the recording. Eating epilepsy is predominantly a disorder of young adults, and the triggering mechanisms are extremely complex and elaborate. The role of the limbic system and amygdala in the precipitation of eating-induced seizures is discussed. PMID- 3221253 TI - Ambient air analyses using nonspecific flame ionization and electron capture detection compared to specific detection by mass spectroscopy. PMID- 3221254 TI - The effects of infiltration and insulation on the source strengths and indoor air pollution from combustion space heating appliances. PMID- 3221255 TI - Reproducibility of the pulmonary function response of older men and women to a 2 hour ozone exposure. PMID- 3221256 TI - Transferable discharge permits for control of SO2 emissions from Illinois power plants. PMID- 3221257 TI - Effect of interferon-beta on the cell cycle of human glioma cell line U-251 MG: flow cytometric two-dimensional (BrdU/DNA) analysis. AB - This paper describes the determination of the effect of IFN-beta on U-251 MG cells using the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU/DNA) analysis technique. The cell cycle perturbation of exponentially growing cells was estimated by a newly developed two-dimensional analysis of sequential BrdU/DNA distributions measured at 4-hr intervals after IFN-beta administration. The U-251 MG cell line was sensitive to IFN-beta, and cell proliferation was inhibited by 50.0% at 48 hr. Analysis of DNA histograms indicated that IFN-beta accumulated the cells in the S-phase, from 16 to 48 hr after treatment. In the two-dimensional analysis, labeled cells treated with IFN-beta moved from the S-phase through the G2M-phase and then entered the G1-phase within 12 hr after the initial treatment, in a pattern similar to labeled cells untreated with IFN-beta. After 16 hr, labeled cells treated with IFN-beta began to accumulate in the S-phase and remained there even after 48 hr. These results imply that IFN-beta may have an effect on the G1-phase, thereby inducing S-phase accumulation of human glioma cell line U-251 MG. PMID- 3221258 TI - Intrinsic brainstem tumors in childhood: surgical indications. AB - Sixty-six children with intrinsic brainstem gliomas diagnosed between 1980 and 1986 underwent radical surgical resection. Retrospective analysis permitted classification of tumors into four categories: diffuse, focal, cystic and cervicomedullary. All 27 patients with diffuse tumors had malignant neoplasms, were not benefitted by surgery and died within 12-18 months. Five of nine cystic tumors, three of five focal tumors and twenty of twenty-four cervicomedullary tumors had low grade histopathology and are alive one to six years postoperatively. The authors propose a clinical-neuroradiological criteria that accurately predict which patients with brainstem tumors are likely to benefit from radical surgical intervention. PMID- 3221259 TI - A phase I/II study of 24 hour intravenous AZQ in recurrent primary brain tumors. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the maximum tolerated dose of aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ) given as a 24-hour intravenous infusion every 21-28 days. Thirty-four patients with recurrent or progressive gliomas received AZQ at a dose of 25, 30, 35, 40, or 45 mg/m2. At a dose of 45 mg/m2, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia of grade 3 or greater was observed in 42% and 25% of patients respectively; no patient required transfusion or antibiotics for fever. For administration of AZQ at a 24-hour intravenous infusion, we recommend a starting dose of 40 mg/m2 for patients without previous exposure to cytotoxic agents, and 35 mg/m2 for patients treated with such agents. In 14 patients with glioblastoma, tumor regression was observed in 1 patient (14%) and stabilization of disease was demonstrated in 7 patients (50%). In 17 patients with anaplastic astrocytomas there were no responses, but 8 patients (47%) stabilized. Of two patients with an oligodendroglioma, one continues without progression at 34 weeks after initial response. One patient with malignant ependymoma stabilized and had not progressed at 39 weeks. The median time to tumor progression in patients who stabilized and responded was 18 weeks for those with glioblastoma multiforme and 16 weeks in those with anaplastic astrocytomas. PMID- 3221260 TI - Selective retention of rhodamine-123 by malignant glioma in the rat. AB - Levels of rhodamine 123 (Rh-123), a new antineoplastic drug, were measured using high performance liquid chromatography in normal brain, malignant glioma and brain adjacent to tumor after a single intravenous injection of drug into rats with intracerebral tumors. Consistently higher levels of Rh-123 were seen in tumor compared to normal brain at all times. Tumor levels of Rh-123 increased up to a maximum level of 9.35 nm/mg at 5 hours after intravenous injection (10 mg/kg), after which Rh-123 levels slowly decreased. Rh-123 concentration in serum reached a maximum level immediately after intravenous injection and Rh-123 was eliminated from the serum according to first order kinetics. The delayed (5 hours after injection) increase in tumor concentration of Rh-123 may reflect tumor hypoperfusion and/or the time required for the compound to diffuse from the blood to the cells within the tumor due to the blood brain barrier. These findings have directed us to study low dose continuous infusion and direct intratumoral injection of Rh-123 as ways of achieving higher Rh-123 levels in tumor with less risk of systemic toxicity due to elevated serum Rh-123 levels. PMID- 3221261 TI - Intra-arterial 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BUdR) radiosensitization with external beam radiation in rhesus monkeys: toxicity study. AB - A primate toxicity study was performed to test the hypothesis that BUdR does not increase the likelihood of unilateral or bilateral central nervous system damage secondary to radiation therapy. BUdR, a halogenated pyrimidine analog is incorporated into DNA of dividing cells and sensitizes them to radiation. It is best given unilaterally, intra-arterially by continuous infusion because of its regional advantage (Rd) estimated to be between 11 and 16. Six rhesus monkeys were implanted with a Model 400 Infusaid pump perfusing the right internal carotid artery. Three of the six monkeys received intra-arterial (IA) BUdR infusion plus whole brain external beam radiation (6,000 R over 6 weeks) and three received radiation alone. The two BUdR treated animals completing radiation developed symmetric bilateral high signal aberrations on MRI in the frontal, parietal, and occipital centrum semiovale and corona radiata at nine months. At autopsy, confluent microinfarcts were found to correspond topographically to the MRI abnormalities. In the radiation alone group, two animals had normal MRI and autopsy while the third animal had bilateral MRI high signal aberrations develop sequentially with corresponding microinfarcts at autopsy. These changes were greater in severity than those seen in the BUdR treated animals. We support previous evidence that there is differential intraspecies sensitivity to radiation. We find that BUdR produces no unilateral potentiation of radiation toxicity. PMID- 3221263 TI - A feline model for experimental studies of peritumor brain edema. AB - An in vivo model for correlative imaging studies of intracerebral glial tumors and peritumor brain edema has been developed. Adult male and female cats implanted with 1 x 10(6) or 5 x 10(5) 9L glioma cells had parietal tumors of 4 mm or greater in diameter and showed signs of increased intracranial pressure 13.7 +/- 1.9 days or 19.2 +/- 1.3 days after implantation. No immunosuppression was required and the success rate for tumor growth after implantation was 88%. Histologically, the tumor resembles a malignant astrocytoma. The tumor contained the highest water content (85.94%); peritumor white matter was more edematous (73.01%) than white matter in the contralateral hemisphere (69.04%), sham operated (69.41%) and control brain (68.76%). There was no correlation between the size of the tumor and water content in tumor or white matter. Increased tissue albumin in peritumor white matter indicated blood-brain barrier dysfunction within the tumor and confirmed the vasogenic origin of the edema. Proton magnetic resonance imaging provided good spatial and contrast resolution with increased signal intensity in edematous white matter, decreasing with distance from the tumor. The large brain of this animal model allows the use of serial imaging and regional correlative biochemical measurements in a single animal. Other advantages of this model are its predictability and the short time required to produce tumors with marked peritumor edema. PMID- 3221262 TI - New sensitivity test using flow cytometry. AB - Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used to evaluate not only the malignancy of tumor cells but also the effects of chemotherapy. Here a new application of FCM for selecting the best antineoplastic agent in the chemotherapy for brain tumors is reported. Through our preliminary study using established brain tumor cell lines, the system for this sensitivity test was developed. Antineoplastic agents were placed in contact with monolayer-cultured cells; then cell viability and changes in the DNA histogram were analyzed by FCM. Cell viabilities were measured with the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining method, and the DNA histogram was analyzed by the propidium iodide (PI) staining method. The best antineoplastic agent was determined based on changes in cell viability and cell cycle. In other words, when markedly decreased viability as compared with that of the control, is measured by FCM, then the agents can be considered to have had a cytocydal effect on the tumor cells, and thus the sensitivity of the agents is able to be evaluated. If the viability of the tumor cell is observed to be similar to that of the control, the cytostatic effects of the agents are able to be evaluated only if a marked change is observed in the DNA histogram. After the preliminary study, this system was applied clinically to malignant brain tumor cases, resulting in success in selecting the best antineoplastic agent for each individual case. Our sensitivity test using this FCM established in vitro system has much potential value for clinical use. PMID- 3221264 TI - Pap smear screening and cervical pathology in an American Indian population. PMID- 3221266 TI - Identification and management of shoulder dystocia. PMID- 3221265 TI - Challenges of neonatal resuscitation for nurse-midwives. PMID- 3221267 TI - Early parenting education program seeks to prevent child abuse. PMID- 3221269 TI - [A study on the effect of aging on salivary glands and xerostomia]. PMID- 3221268 TI - [Nasal respiratory resistance of nasal allergic patients in postural change]. PMID- 3221270 TI - [A study of predispositions of vertiginous patients--estimation by the Yatabe Guilford Personality Test]. PMID- 3221271 TI - [Effects of intravenous injection of salicylate on the cochlear nerve action potentials]. PMID- 3221272 TI - [Clinical studies on the loudness of tinnitus]. PMID- 3221274 TI - [Distribution of motor nuclei of the thoracic dorsal paravertebral muscles]. PMID- 3221275 TI - [Clinical investigation on pneumatization of the temporal bone. 3. Comparison of the size of the mastoid air cell system of patients with Meniere's disease and normals]. PMID- 3221273 TI - [Prognosis of hoarseness in children]. PMID- 3221276 TI - [Mastoid pneumatization in cholesteatoma]. PMID- 3221277 TI - Low temperature solubility of antibiotics: oxacillin sodium. PMID- 3221278 TI - Aluminum in albumin for injection. PMID- 3221279 TI - Use of lyoprotectants in the freeze-drying of a model protein, ribonuclease A. PMID- 3221280 TI - Dual chamber prefill syringes. PMID- 3221281 TI - "Alcohol and drunkenness"--an innovative curriculum for the Kibbutz Movement in Israel: a model for adapting general prevention programs to special populations. PMID- 3221282 TI - Long-term evaluation of a life skills approach for alcohol and drug abuse prevention. PMID- 3221283 TI - The marihuana perception inventory: stage 2--confirmatory evidence. PMID- 3221284 TI - A prototype system for perinatal knowledge engineering using an artificial intelligence tool. AB - Though several perinatal expert systems are extant, the use of artificial intelligence has, as yet, had minimal impact in medical computing. In this evaluation of the potential of AI techniques in the development of a computer based "Perinatal Consultant," a "top down" approach to the development of a perinatal knowledge base was taken, using as a source for such a knowledge base a 30-page manuscript of a chapter concerning high risk pregnancy. The UNIX utility "style" was used to parse sentences and obtain key words and phrases, both as part of a natural language interface and to identify key perinatal concepts. Compared with the "gold standard" of sentences containing key facts as chosen by the experts, a semiautomated method using a nonmedical speller to identify key words and phrases in context functioned with a sensitivity of 79%, i.e., approximately 8 in 10 key sentences were detected as the basis for PROLOG, rules and facts for the knowledge base. These encouraging results suggest that functional perinatal expert systems may well be expedited by using programming utilities in conjunction with AI tools and published literature. PMID- 3221285 TI - Development and application of simple expert systems in obstetrics and gynecology. AB - Expert systems have become increasingly popular in medicine for the support of medical decisions, e.g. diagnosis or treatment. We describe the development and application of 2 simple rule-based expert systems, one used for cycle stimulation in our in vitro fertilization program and the other for preoperative assessment of urinary incontinence. The programs were written using a commercially available expert system shell, are run on a standard personal computer, and are in actual use in our department. Though it is doubtful that simple expert systems can be superior to a human expert we feel that expert systems are very useful in the standardization of protocols and are a valuable teaching instrument. PMID- 3221286 TI - The first derivative as a means of synchronizing pulsatile flow velocity and vessel diameter waveforms in the fetal descending aorta. AB - In order to calculate volume flow, blood flow velocity and pulsatile vessel diameter waveforms in the lower thoracic part of the descending aorta of the fetal lamb and human fetus were matched for identical cardiac cycle length by fetal ECG and the first derivative of these waveforms. Volume flow values were not essentially different using either method. There is simultaneous onset of the blood flow velocity and pulsatile vessel diameter waveforms. The first derivative can reliably replace the fetal ECG as a means of synchronizing blood flow velocity and pulsatile vessel diameter waveforms in the fetal descending aorta. PMID- 3221287 TI - Improving perinatal outcome through data management: the design of the small area analysis system. AB - The decentralization of health management requires that appropriate tools be developed for decision support at the local level. The Improved Pregnancy Outcome Data Management System (IPODM) was designed to enable health managers and physicians with little computer experience to access over 500 variables derived from United States Census and California Vital Statistics sources. Using an interactive format one can create datasets describing the sociodemographic composition and perinatal outcome of individuals residing in individual census tracts (or zip codes) and in aggregates of these basic units such as neighborhoods, health catchment areas, or municipal districts. IPODM allows one to analyze this information in terms of tables, plots, maps, and basic statistical procedures using an interactive format. This paper describes the system designed for the State of California and the principles that guided the design. PMID- 3221288 TI - Assessment of local area network based on the microcomputer system for data processing of perinatal medical information. AB - In order to control perinatal medical information, we developed a microcomputer based local area network. This system has been in practical operation since June, 1986. We have assessed this system with regard to both patient-machine and doctor machine interfaces. Consequently, although input operation took 20-30% longer per individual patient than before, it was more feasible for medical staff to access and retrieve the data in a real-time manner. When tested in a ten month period, this system was found to be a prototype applicable for further extending the management of the entire scope of perinatal medical information. PMID- 3221289 TI - Staff escorting centralized cardiotocographic surveillance (level 3: cardiotocographic surveillance). AB - As cardiotocograms may exceed borderline values unnoticed if the parturient/staff ratio exceeds 1/1 the distributions of deliveries and simultaneous occupancies of delivery beds over 11 years are analyzed. Variable influences, for example the management of labor, are outlined. The first level 3: staff escorting of centralized cardiotocographic surveillance in a family oriented obstetrical set up and its computerbased alert-system are described. Requirements for humane and safe parturition are formulated. PMID- 3221290 TI - The ultrasonic Doppler fetal actocardiogram and its computer processing. AB - Gross fetal movement was detected using a lower frequency ultrasonic Doppler shift than that used in the study of fetal heart action. The movement signal was changed into deflection which was recorded on CTG chart simultaneously with the fetal heart rate (FHR), and was called the fetal actocardiogram. Visual analysis of the actocardiogram showed bursts of active fetal movements in the active fetal state which were concordant with acceleration of FHR. The analysis was useful in the study of fetal behavioural states. Imminent fetal distress produced a loss of FHR acceleration which was accompanied by a burst of fetal movement, i.e. a true non-reactive state of the FHR. The output of the actocardiograph was analysed using a PC98XA computer with a simple statistics of deflection amplitude and interval, displayed as 3-dimensional histograms of the number and frequency, and the formation of the envelope curve of the deflections. The study demonstrated that it is possible to recognize fetal behavioural states automatically. This includes active and resting fetal states as well as fetal breathing movements. PMID- 3221292 TI - From mainframe to micro: decentralization of perinatal epidemiology. AB - To evaluate the feasibility of analyzing large perinatal datasets on smaller computers, the 1980 National Natality Survey was downloaded first to a minicomputer and then to a microcomputer. Operating system utilities were used to minimize programming and storage requirements. Accuracy was confirmed by comparing descriptive statistics with published values derived on mainframes. Based on a typical analytic problem, implementation on the microcomputer compared favorably to implementation on the minicomputer. Our results suggest that the microcomputer may be a practical alternative to the mainframe for perinatal epidemiological analysis. PMID- 3221291 TI - An application of the Markov process for quantitative prediction of labor progress. AB - To quantitatively predict the progress of labor, we devised a mathematical model suitable for the Markov process. Included were 625 primiparas who went into spontaneous labor between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation with a cephalic presentation. When applying the Markov process, the sequence of labor was divided into eight categories from 4 cm cervical dilatation to delivery of the baby. Based on all data collected, a transition matrix was calculated, using a microcomputer system, in which the value in each element showed the percent of probability of progression in labor from one given state to another over a 30 minute period. This matrix was found to be available for evaluating the course of labor in clinical practise with a good predictive value and therefore the Markov process could be confirmed to be actually applicable as an analytical model. PMID- 3221293 TI - On a portable memory device for physical activities and informations of maternal perception. AB - The condition of patients must be known to attending doctors for adequate management of a disease, particularly of high risk pregnancy. For this purpose, we have developed a portable computerized disease condition memory device to record the physical activities with maternal perception of fetal movement and uterine condition in daily life, both at home and during work. This device taken out by the patient is a small battery-driven CMOS 8 bit computer system (size: 107 x 80 x 30 mm, 240 g) and is equipped with push-botton switches on the upper side and a mercury switch inside it. The time of maternal perception of fetal movement and uterine contraction are recorded by the patient pressing the corresponding switch. Meanwhile the mercury switch serves as a acceleration sensor and the physical activities were measured by counting ON-OFF actions of the mercury switch caused by her movements. Consequently, the device has recorded physical activities automatically by wearing this unit all day long. The continuously recordable time is more than two weeks. The evaluation about the sensitivity of physical activity measurement has indicated that the mercury switch sensor was well related to the oxygen consumption rate in rest and mild exercise. Using this device to five pregnant women, the data showed the quantitative difference in physical activities between rest in bed and normal home life, and daily changes could be clearly observed. From these results, the physical activities and the condition of the patient in daily life can be followed by this device. PMID- 3221294 TI - Computerized analysis of behavioural states in asymmetrical growth retarded fetuses. AB - The fetal behaviour of 15 asymmetrical intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) fetuses was compared to that of a control group of healthy fetuses. Fetuses underwent simultaneous cardiotocographic and ultrasonographic examinations for 2 consecutive hours at 36-38 weeks' gestation. Behavioural states analysis was carried out by means of a computerized system (Digital PDP 11) that allowed the recording of several fetal variables including heart rate (FHR), gross body movements (FM), eye movements (FEM) and breathing movements (FBM). FHR was classified in four different patterns (FHRP) according to Nijhuis et al.; fetal movements were automatically synchronized with FHR and grouped for each FHRP. Several quantitative parameters (i.e. incidence, mean duration, lag time, % time spent moving) were then computed for each movement. There were no statistical differences in the distribution of FHRP between healthy and IUGR fetuses. On the other hand quantitative differences were found when the movements investigated were related to FHRP. In IUGR fetuses FEM were mainly represented by low frequency movements (IEM) during both low (FHRP A) and high variability (FHRP B) FHRP, whereas healthy fetuses exhibited mostly rapid eye movements (REM) during FHRP B and absent type of FEM during FHRP A. Moreover IUGR fetuses showed a reduction of state 1F (quiet sleep) and an increase of periods of no coincidence between behavioural state variable when compared to the control group fetuses. These findings, therefore suggest the existence of quantitative differences in fetal behaviour in asymmetrical IUGR fetuses when compared to healthy fetuses. PMID- 3221295 TI - Computerized assessment of fetal behavioral states. AB - Fetal heart rate and fetal movements provide information on the fetal condition. In the near term human fetus, four behavioural states have been described based upon heart rate patterns and presence or absence of eye and body movements. For our studies concerning fetal physiology as well as the influence of maternal antiepileptic medication and the effects of intrauterine growth retardation on the fetal condition, we developed a computerized system for acquisition and storage of fetal heart rate signals and observed fetal movements. Fetal heart rate is recorded using a commercially available monitor combined with a home-made computer interface. Fetal movements are observed using two real-time ultrasound units. The observers handle keyboards to mark occurrence and duration of various types of fetal movements, and pedals to mark the visibility of the observed part of the fetal body. Keyboards and pedals are scanned by the computer. Special techniques are used to store heart rate and movement signals in an efficient way. Three experts determine fetal heart rate patterns by application of a Delphi group opinion procedure. Fetal behavioral states are identified by the computer using the results of the Delphi procedure, and performing the so-called extended automatic window procedure. This procedure identifies periods of presence and periods of absence of fetal eye and body movements, and incorporates the loss of visibility of the ultrasound images during the recording session. Fetal heart rate variability indices and distributions of fetal movements can be computed in the context of the fetal behavioral state concept. PMID- 3221296 TI - Interpretation of the fetal ECG during labor: the effect of uterine contractions. AB - This study was performed in order to investigate the fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) during uterine contractions associated with normal labor. Twenty-five patients with low risk pregnancy between 38-41 weeks gestation were studied during the active stage of labor. Both FECG and intra-uterine pressure are obtained in a conventional manner and are continually sampled into the computer. The FECG is averaged point-to-point, synchronized to the peak of the R-wave. This is performed by a QRS detection algorithm which is based on a digital analysis of slope, amplitude and width. A digital band-pass filter composed of cascaded high pass and low-pass filters reduces false detections and permits the use of auto adjustable low thresholds. A separate averaging is performed on the T-wave in order to prevent attenuation due to variable R-T interval. The T wave is subsequently aligned in time and position to the rest of the QRS complex. A significant increase was observed in the T/QRS amplitude ratio during the first half of the uterine contraction. Such an increase was also observed in the short and long-term FHR variability. No significant changes were observed in the other components of the FECG. In conclusion, by implementing a computer based system it is possible to analyse the FECG during labor. Based on this and previous studies it may well prove to be a sensitive indicator of fetal condition. PMID- 3221297 TI - Computerized and telemetric management of diabetic pregnancy in Cambridge. AB - In order to optimize the quality of our care, we have used the Ames Memory Glucometer in our computerized management of 17 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies. Patients measured their own blood glucose levels on 4.5 +/- 1.2 (SD) occasions per day, and six of them transmitted their blood glucose measurements telemetrically from home into a hospital-based computer on a total of 42 occasions. We achieved near-optimal blood glucose levels and normal HbA1 levels throughout most of these 17 pregnancies. Average blood glucose levels were 6.4 +/ 0.9 mmol/l in the first, 5.9 +/- 1.2 mmol/l in the second, 5.4 +/- 1.0 mmol/l in the third trimester. Corresponding values for HbA1 were 8.0 +/- 1.5%, 6.5 +/- 0.8%, and 6.2 +/- 0.4%. Average insulin requirement doubled during pregnancy, but fell to 74% of the pre-pregnancy dosage by one week after delivery. The average gestational age at delivery was 38.9 +/- 1.3 weeks, and we had no perinatal deaths. Two of the babies were macrosomic, even though their mothers had good diabetic control. Four patients were delivered by Caesarean section. However we achieved a vaginal delivery in 93% of those in whom it was planned. Our computerized system of managing diabetic pregnancies was efficient, safe, and popular with our patients. PMID- 3221298 TI - Countrywide analysis of perinatal outcome. AB - The computer laboratory of the Research Institute for the Care of Mother and Child in Prague performs annually a countrywide analysis of perinatal outcome in order to obtain a background for the preparation of the optimal strategy for improving perinatal care in CSR in the future. The total as well as weight specific perinatal mortality rate further sub-divided into early neonatal death rate and late fetal death rate and differentiated according to the birthweight, was correlated with the incidence of different factors influencing the perinatal mortality rate both countrywide and for each of the eight provinces of CSR. This way a correlation was found between some of the mentioned perinatal outcomes and e.g. instrumental equipment of obstetrical departments and neonatal intensive care units, frequency of caesarean sections, or transport of LBW newborns in incubators or "in utero" etc. The results of this analysis have proved that there still remain in some provinces opportunity for further decrease in perinatal mortality due to the incomplete observance of the two intervention strategies "Risk approach" and "New technology" which were introduced in the whole country during the last 10 years. PMID- 3221299 TI - Kinetic study on the mechanism of tissue distribution of vinblastine. AB - The purpose of present study was to analyze the factors involved in the tissue distribution of vinblastine (VBL). The specific binding of VBL to mouse tissue cytosol determined by a charcoal method correlated well with the tissue concentration of tubulin, a target protein for the pharmacological activity of Vinca alkaloids. The calculated tissue-to-plasma partition coefficients (Kp) in various tissues, based on the VBL binding to 100000 x g cytosols showed a good correlation with the corresponding in vivo Kp values of rats reported in the literature, however, the calculated Kp values were greatly underestimated. The total binding (including specific and non-specific bindings) to cytosols from the liver and kidney, determined with the ultrafiltration method, were approximately 5 times higher than those determined with the charcoal method for both tissues. However, the total bindings to cytosol cannot explain the high Kp values in vivo. Considering the intracellular distribution of VBL, it was found that cytosol is not the main binding component for VBL since approximately one-half of the VBL in the liver homogenate was associated with the nuclear fraction. The Kp value in the liver, calculated by considering the intracellular distribution, became close to the in vivo Kp value. It was concluded that the tissue distribution of VBL cannot be accounted for only by the binding to tubulin, and that the bindings to other intracellular components should also be included. PMID- 3221300 TI - Characterization of argentosomes, a type of secondary lysosomes, and the sub organellar distribution of a lysosomotropic basic compound. AB - Secondary lysosomes (argentosomes) were isolated by centrifugation in a discontinuous sucrose density gradient from livers of rats administered colloidal silver. Compared to the crude homogenate, the purities of the argentosome preparations were 17.4- and 18.5-fold in terms of acid phosphatase and N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase activities, respectively. By lipid analysis, the argentosomes were shown to have intermediate properties between normal lysosomes and tritosomes with regard to the contents of triglyceride and cholesterol. The phospholipid content in the argentosomes was also different from that in these two organelles. The cross-point of argentosomes shifted more to the acidic side than that of normal lysosomes. The data on the binding of tritiated p- biphenylmethyl-(dl-tropyl-alpha-tropiniun)bromide [( 3H]BTTB) to argentosomes indicated that the degree of binding and/or incorporation of this basic compound to the organelles was much higher than that to normal lysosomes. These results suggested that the distribution of BTTB on or within argentosomes might be under the control of the surface charge of the argentosomal membranes. PMID- 3221301 TI - Effects of Tween 80 and liposomes on the corneal permeability of anti inflammatory steroids. AB - The effects of Tween 80 and liposomes on the corneal permeability of dexamethasone (DM) and dexamethasone valerate (DV) were investigated in vitro. A model based on diffusion theory could successfully be applied to analyzing the process by which DM penetrates the cornea from DM preparations. The penetration rate increased according to the concentration of free DM. Although the penetration rate was increased by pretreatment with Tween 80, it was not affected by pretreatment with liposomes. The steroid that penetrated through the cornea from DV preparations had been metabolized to DM. The transfer of DM across the cornea from DV preparations tended to slow down to some extent during the penetration process. Diffusion models were not applicable to this process, in contrast to the corneal penetration of DM from DM preparations. When liposome preparations of DV were applied, the penetration rate of DM across the cornea depended the concentration of free DV in these preparations. When DV aqueous preparations containing different concentrations of Tween 80 were applied, the penetration rate increased as the concentration of the surfactant was increased, even though the concentration of free DV in the suspensions was kept constant. These results suggest that the corneal permeability of anti-inflammatory steroids is not affected by liposomes, but is accelerated by Tween 80. PMID- 3221302 TI - Ocular pharmacokinetics of latamoxef and cefaclor in rabbits. Penetration into aqueous humor. AB - Penetrations of latamoxef (LMOX) and cefaclor (CCL) into the aqueous humor after intravenous or oral administration were investigated in rabbits. Concentrations of antibiotics in plasma and aqueous humor after administration were determined periodically by microbiological assay. LMOX disappeared from plasma in a monoexponential manner with a half-life of 43 min after intravenous administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The maximum concentration of LMOX in aqueous humor (6.4 micrograms/ml) was observed 1 h after administration. When CCL was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg, the maximum concentration of CCL in aqueous humor was 1.00 microgram/ml 1.5 h after administration, whereas the maximum plasma concentration of 19.2 micrograms/ml was observed at 30 min. Pharmacokinetic analysis (simultaneous simulation) of plasma and aqueous humor concentration-time courses was made using the best fitted compartment model examined (modified two-compartment model). Prediction of the concentration of antibiotics in aqueous humor from the plasma concentration profile was also examined using the same compartment model in a separate experiment. The predicted concentration in aqueous humor was proved to coincide reasonably well with the measured concentration. PMID- 3221303 TI - Lymphatic transport of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor in rats. AB - The lymphatic transport of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHu-TNF) was investigated after its administration via various routes in anesthetized rats. After intravenous (i.v.) administration, the level of rHu-TNF in the lymph reached a peak at 2 h, and thereafter decreased exponentially in a pattern similar to that of the elimination from plasma. Intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administrations resulted in low levels of rHu-TNF both in the plasma and in the lymph. On the other hand, intraperitoneal (i.p.), intra-stomach wall (s.w.) and intra-gut wall (g.w.) administrations gave high lymph levels of rHu-TNF. After the s.w., g.w. and i.p. administrations, the ratios of rHu-TNF recovered from the thoracic duct to the cumulative amount estimated from the rHu TNF concentration in plasma were about 25, 32 and 8 times higher than in the case of i.v. administration, respectively. These results suggest that the routes of local administration of rHu-TNF such as s.w., g.w. and i.p. may be highly effective for the treatment of lymphatic metastasis of cancer. PMID- 3221304 TI - [Progression of coronary artery stenosis and compensatory development of collaterals: analysis of data of 25 patients who developed complete occlusion]. AB - The correlation between progression of atherosclerotic lesions and the compensatory development of collaterals which prevent ischemic events, particularly myocardial infarction, were examined in patients who underwent repeated coronary angiography (CAG) after medical therapy. Twenty-five patients with lesions in their coronary arteries perfusing the viable myocardium during the first study, which progressed to total occlusion in the second study, were evaluated. The subjects' mean age was 55.1 years, and the mean time interval between the two studies was 44.1 months. CAG was performed in the chronic stage of myocardial infarction or the stable phase of angina pectoris, but three patients underwent repeated CAG studies during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. The percent diameter of the narrowing in the lesion was assessed according to the AHA system. Concerning the sites of lesions with progression to complete occlusion, 14 (56%) were located in the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery (segment 6 or 7), and six lesions were in the main trunk of the right coronary artery (segment 1, 2 or 3). In 11 patients with stable angina, associated lesions showed progression from 90 or 99% stenosis to complete occlusion. Seven patients with lesions exhibiting 99% stenosis had collaterals, and four patients with lesions exhibiting 90% stenosis had no collaterals during the first study. However, good collaterals were demonstrated in all patients in the second study. Seven patients had episodes of newly developed unstable angina. The lesions in five of the seven patients progressed from 75% or 90% stenosis to complete occlusion, and in one patient with triple vessel disease the lesion progressed from 99% stenosis to complete occlusion in the second study. The former five patients did not have collaterals in the first study, but development of collaterals was demonstrated in all seven patients in the second study. Seven patients had episodes of myocardial infarction, and in six of these, the lesions progressed from 75% or less stenosis to complete occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3221305 TI - [Regional left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with apical hypertrophy]. AB - Differences in cardiac function between the apical and the chordal parts of the left ventricle in apical hypertrophy (APH) were investigated by M-mode echocardiography. The subjects consisted of 10 patients with APH (APH Group) and 10 normal controls (N Group). The M-mode echocardiograms of the interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), both in the apical and chordal parts were simultaneously recorded with the electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram. There were no significant differences in the blood pressures, heart rates, left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameters, and left ventricular end-systolic internal diameters between the APH Group and the N Group. The hypertrophy was localized to the IVS and LVPW of the apical part in the APH Group. In the chordal part, there were no significant differences in the peak negative dD/dt (-dD/dt) and the time to the peak filling rate (TPFR) between the APH Group and N Group. In the apical part, -dD/dt of the APH Group tended to increase compared with that of the N Group. The TPFR of the APH Group was significantly longer than that of the N Group (APH Group: 167 +- 33 msec and N Group: 126 +- 19 msec, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221306 TI - Echocardiographic findings in nine patients with cardiac amyloidosis: their correlation with necropsy findings. AB - The echocardiographic abnormalities of nine patients with cardiac amyloidosis were correlated with their postmortem findings. All had congestive heart failure and autopsy-proven amyloidosis. M-mode echocardiographic features included (1) small or normal left ventricular (LV) dimensions; (2) thickened interventricular septa and posterior LV walls (89%); (3) left atrial enlargement (89%); and (4) reduced LV distensibility (78%, 100%) and contractility (22%, 44%). Serial M-mode echocardiography revealed that cardiac amyloidosis was initially manifested as diastolic LV dysfunction rather than systolic dysfunction. The final stage of this disease was characterized by severe impairment of both systolic and diastolic LV functions. Two-dimensional echocardiography provided additional features: (1) a more accurate diagnosis of pericardial effusion (67%) and (2) a characteristic "granular sparkling" appearance of the ventricular wall (55%). In four of five cases, these hyperrefractile myocardial echoes corresponded to scattered amyloid deposits histopathologically. There was no correlation between the types of amyloid deposits and the hyperrefractile myocardial echoes. Thus, cardiac involvement in systemic amyloidosis could be non-invasively assessed by M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 3221307 TI - [Time analysis of mitral regurgitation in patients with mitral valve prolapse: a study by phonocardiography and Doppler techniques]. AB - To assess the timing and duration of mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), 20 subjects with mid-systolic click(s) and/or a late systolic murmur were studied using phonocardiography, two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and Doppler techniques including pulsed Doppler (PD), high pulse repetition frequency Doppler (HPRF), continuous wave Doppler (CW) and M mode color Doppler (MD) methods and two-dimensional Doppler color flow mapping (2DD). The results were compared with those of 16 patients with a pansystolic murmur having late systolic accentuation. MVP with MR was observed in 15 of the 20 patients with mid-systolic clicks and/or a late systolic murmur and in all of the 16 patients with a pansystolic murmur. Using MD, MR signals were seen throughout systole and isovolumic relaxation period in all but one of these patients, and they were not related to the patterns of the systolic murmur. In only one, an MR signal was recorded just after the click. Five patients with a mid-systolic click lacked the findings of MVP, but two of them had MR signal only in early systole. Using PD and HPRF techniques, the timing and duration of MR signals in patients with mid-systolic clicks and/or a late systolic murmur were varied by changing the sites of the sample volume. Similarly, the timing and duration of MR signals in these patients were dependent on the ultrasonic beam direction by the CW method. In most patients with a pansystolic murmur having late systolic accentuation, however, MR signals throughout systole and the isovolumic relaxation period were demonstrated by each Doppler method. Therefore, PD, HPRF, and CW were not so efficiently sensitive or adequate techniques for investigating the timing and duration of MR, especially in patients with mid systolic clicks and/or a late systolic murmur, who had mild or eccentric MR jets. In conclusion, 1) MR in MVP involves the entire systole and isovolumic relaxation period, 2) PD, HPRF and CW methods are not adequate for detecting mild or eccentric MR jets in patients with mid-systolic clicks and/or a late systolic murmur, and 3) MD is useful for the time analysis of MR in these patients. PMID- 3221308 TI - Aortic distensibility in post-stenotic aortic dilatation: the effect of co existing coronary artery disease. AB - Aortic distensibility is decreased in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and the angiographically normal aorta. To determine if the same is true in patients with aortic stenosis and post-stenotic dilatation, two groups were studied. Group A consisted of 15 patients with post-stenotic aortic dilatation and normal coronary arteries, and group B, 14 patients with post-stenotic aortic dilatation and CAD. The patients were compared to 18 normal subjects. The area of the first 6 cm of the aorta above the valve obtained by aortography was planimetered and the mean diameters were calculated. Distensibility was calculated using the formula: (formula; see text) Distensibility was greater in group A (2.5 +- .4 cm2.dynes-1) compared to group B (1.0 +- 8 cm2.dynes-1, p less than 0.001). Distensibility in normal subjects reported recently from this laboratory (3.4 +- .4 cm2.dynes-1) was greater compared to both groups A and B (p less than 0.001). Thus, distensibility was decreased in patients with post stenotic aortic dilatation. The further decrease in distensibility in patients with co-existing coronary artery disease may be partially related to abnormal nutrition of the arterial wall since the vasa vasorum of the ascending aorta are derived from the coronary arteries. PMID- 3221309 TI - [Mechanism of production of pulse deficit in atrial fibrillation: assessment by blood flow dynamics]. AB - Pulse deficit in patients with atrial fibrillation is caused by the reduction of preload. The purpose of this study was to visualize the mechanism in view of blood flow dynamics using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The subjects were 15 cases with atrial fibrillation and pulse deficit, and the results were as follows: 1. Simultaneous recordings of the carotid pulse wave (CPW) and blood flow at the left ventricular inflow tract indicated that, in nine of the total 15 cases, CPW disappeared from the cardiac cycle even with sufficient preceding RF in the other six cases (Group B). 2. In Group A, %RF correlated well with %CPW; however, there was poor correlation between them in Group B. Moreover, CPW was always greater than 26% if RF was greater than 50% of each mean value in Group A, but less than 25% in Group B, suggesting poor left ventricular ejection in the latter group. 3. The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and %fractional shortening (%FS) decreased significantly in Group B compared to those in Group A (EF; 59 +- 7 vs 41 +- 12%, p less than 0.01, %FS; 31 +- 5 vs 20 +- 6, p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that left ventricular contractility was significantly reduced in the cases with pulse deficit in Group B. 4. Systolic backward flow in the mid-ventricle caused by left ventricular asynchrony due to localized apical wall motion abnormalities was observed in all 15 cases. The heart rate during pulsed Doppler echocardiography was significantly increased in Group A as compared to that in Group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221310 TI - Relationship between the occurrence of late potential on the body surface ECG and cardiac performance in myocardial infarction. AB - Comparative evaluations of the percent of the perimetric circumference of infarction and cardiac performance for the occurrence of late potential were performed in 12 normal subjects and 22 patients with old myocardial infarction (MI). All patients were in normal sinus rhythm without bundle branch block. Bipolar X, Y, and Z leads were signal-averaged using a bandpass filter with a low cut frequency of 100 Hz and a high-cut frequency of 300 Hz. The filtered signals for the three leads were displayed and combined into a vector magnitude, square root of X2 + Y2 + Z2. The percent ratio of the root mean square voltage in the last 40 msec of the QRS complex was calculated against that of the total filtered QRS (%RMS40). The value of the standard deviation (SD) in the phase distribution was obtained by the Fourier analysis of multi-gated blood pool images. Significant differences were observed among MI with late potential, MI without it and the normal subjects for %RMS 40 (5.7 +- 2.8% vs 26.9 +- 8.1, 37.5 +- 10.8%). Left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in MI with late potential (19.7 +- 7%) compared to that of MI without it (33 +- 18%) and the normal subjects (60 +- 4%); the value of SD was higher in MI with late potential (64 +- 21 degrees), compared to that of MI without it (43 +- 20 degrees) and the normal subjects (9 + 4 degrees). These findings showed that the percent ratio of the last 40 msec RMS voltage (%RMS 40) was found to discriminate effectively among MI with and without late potential and normal subjects. It was suggested that the amount and structure of the infarcts may be important factors in the occurrence of late potential. PMID- 3221311 TI - [Regional myocardial perfusion in ischemic heart disease assessed by myocardial contrast echocardiography]. AB - Myocardial contrast echocardiography is a new cardiovascular imaging technique that can be used to evaluate regional myocardial perfusion. Regional myocardial perfusion was studied in 12 patients with normal coronary arteries, 14 patients with old myocardial infarction, four patients with acute myocardial infarction, and 15 patients with effort angina. Conventional two-dimensional echo imaging was obtained during intracoronary injections of relatively small volumes (2 ml) of agitated Urografin-76. The echo intensities were measured before and after injecting contrast agents and the subtraction images were composed by a high speed image processor (NEXUS 6400). Clear myocardial images were obtained in 10 of 12 the patients with normal coronary arteries, and they reflected well the epicardial arterial architecture by coronary angiography. In cases of old myocardial infarction, the infarcted areas appeared as contrast defects in seven and as slightly enhanced areas in three of the 10 patients. In cases of acute myocardial infarction, contrast defect areas in the myocardial images were less in two cases of successful early coronary thrombolysis or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). However, contrast defects remained unchanged despite good recanalization in one case of delayed PTCA. In cases of effort angina, anginal attacks were successfully induced by rapid atrial pacing in six of the 15 patients. In four of the six patients, contrast enhancement in myocardial imaging during anginal attack decreased more in the endocardial than in the epicardial myocardium, possibly reflecting subendocardial ischemia. It is concluded that this technique can identify regional myocardial perfusion, which is not revealed by coronary angiography, and it is therefore useful for the clinical analysis of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 3221312 TI - [Genesis and clinical significance of the "low-pitched" aortic ejection sound]. AB - The genesis and clinical significance of the aortic ejection sound with a low frequency predominance and delayed appearance were studied. This is recorded on the phonocardiogram in some patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Subjects studied consisted of 10 patients with a low-pitched ejection sound and seven patients with an ordinary high-pitched aortic ejection sound. No patients had echocardiographic findings suggestive of organic lesions of the aortic valve. Time relationships among the ejection sounds, aortic valve echograms and carotid artery pulses, and then movements of the aortic valve cusps and non-invasively estimated left ventricular systolic function were compared between the two groups. Results were as follows: 1. The low-pitched ejection sound: 1) The beginning of the sound was nearly coincident with the onset of the upstroke of the carotid artery pulse and the initial full opening of the aortic valve cusps. 2) The beginning of the ejection systolic murmur followed immediately after the ejection sound. 3) The amplitude of the sound was closely related to the height of the carotid artery pulse in a case of atrial fibrillation. 2. The low-pitched ejection sound vs the high-pitched ejection sound: 1) The onset of the low pitched ejection sound was significantly delayed. 2) The amplitude and the velocity of the initial opening of the aortic valve cusps were significantly decreased. 3) The preejection period (PEP) was significantly prolonged; the ejection time (ET) was significantly shortened; and the PEP/ET ratio was significantly increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221313 TI - [Atrial septal aneurysm: a report of three cases]. AB - Three cases of isolated atrial septal aneurysm are reported. Case 1: A 66-year old man visited our hospital for detailed examination and evaluation of premature ventricular contractions and left ventricular hypertrophy previously detected. Echocardiography revealed an atrial septal aneurysm protruding into the left atrium in the early systolic phase and into the right atrium during the mid systolic to diastolic phase. Subxiphoid M-mode echocardiography showed triphasic movement of the wall of the atrial septal aneurysm toward the left atrium during the end-diastolic to systolic phase, which was enhanced during inspiration. No abnormalities were found by Doppler echocardiography. Cardiac catheterization revealed normal intracardiac pressures and oxygen saturations, but a right arteriogram revealed a defect in the right atrium. Case 2: A five-month-old male infant was referred to our hospital for detailed examination and evaluation of a heart murmur. Echocardiography revealed an atrial septal aneurysm in which a part of the interatrial septum protruded into the right atrium. Case 3: A one-day-old female infant was admitted to our hospital for detailed cardiac examination. Echocardiography revealed that the entire interatrial septum protruded into the right atrium. In Cases 2 and 3 the morphology of the aneurysms did not show cyclic or respiratory change. These two cases had no other abnormalities on echocardiography or Doppler echocardiography. The mechanism of the wall movement in Case 1 seemed to be attributed to differences in pressures between the right and left atria and in properties of the aneurysmal walls. Enhancement of the protrusion of the aneurysmal wall toward the left atrium during inspiration was considered due to inspiratory increase of right atrial pressure. PMID- 3221314 TI - [Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with reversible interventricular septal displacement during sleep: a case report]. AB - A case of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome revealed reversible leftward displacement of the interventricular septum by echocardiography during sleep. A 46-year-old housewife with congenital micrognathia was admitted to our hospital complaining of severe dyspnea and general edema. On admission, she had severe hypoxemia (PaO2 = 35.2 mmHg), pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure = 70 mmHg) and right heart failure. Her echocardiograms revealed enlargement of the right ventricle with a flattened left ventricle. A sleep study performed after partial resolution of her right heart failure disclosed that severe hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure = 70 mmHg) occurred after relatively long periods of apnea. With vigorous inspiratory efforts during sleep apnea, transient enlargement of the right ventricle and leftward displacement of the septum causing the flattened left ventricle were observed echocardiographically. A concomitant decrease in left ventricular inflow velocities was also observed by the pulsed Doppler method. However, these findings immediately returned to normal with the resumption of ventilation. We concluded that these repetitive apneic events due to obstruction of the airway during sleep might accelerate complete eventual pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. PMID- 3221315 TI - [Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic findings of a sudden death case due to multiple pulmonary thromboses]. AB - This is a case report presenting interesting findings on two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiograms due to multiple pulmonary thromboses. A 67-year-old woman had a history of surgery for colon polyps in August, 1986. After surgery, she suffered from tachycardia and dyspnea, and was admitted to our hospital because of a loss of consciousness. Sinus tachycardia, complete right bundle branch block and T-wave inversion in leads III, aVF and V1-4 were observed on her electrocardiogram. Cardiomegaly was noted on her chest radiograph. On the third hospital day, echocardiography was performed. On two-dimensional echocardiography, marked right ventricular dilatation with hypokinesis of the wall, and a flattened interventricular septum were observed on the short-axis view, and M-mode echocardiograms showed disappearance of the E wave and delay of the opening of the tricuspid valve, resulting in a monophasic triangular pattern. Doppler echocardiography showed the tricuspid valve flow to be delayed, mainly observed during atrial systole. These findings indicate decreased right ventricular compliance. The patient died on the 6th hospital day, and multiple new and old thrombi were found in the pulmonary artery at autopsy. PMID- 3221316 TI - [Advanced sequelae of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: report of two cases with wall motion abnormalities]. AB - In view of the paucity of reports describing symptoms of increased degree, and deterioration of left ventricular systolic function in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (apical HCM), two cases with congestive heart failure and progressive thinning of previously hypertrophied apical portions of the left ventricle are reported. These were among 13 patients observed from eight to 10 years. Case 1: A 56-year-old man was diagnosed as having apical HCM at the age of 49 years. Severe left ventricular hypertrophy and prominent ST-T changes were observed on ECG during his first admission. His left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was 24 mmHg and a left ventriculo-gram revealed a decrease in the left ventricular cavity in the apex and marked hypertrophy of the apical wall. Moderate interstitial fibrosis without hypertrophy or disarray of myocytes was observed in a left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimen. In two episodes of cardiac arrest he was successfully resuscitated at the age of 50 years. At the age of 55 years, two-dimensional echocardiography revealed thinning and abnormal motion in the apical wall, and a defect in 201T1 accumulation was observed in the same region by perfusion scintigraphy. This patient was readmitted with a diagnosis of cerebral embolism at the age of 56 years. Cardiac catheterization revealed normal LVEDP (8 mmHg), and a left ventriculogram revealed an aneurysm in the left ventricular apex with normal major epicardial coronary arteries. He has been under treatment with antiarrhythmic medications, calcium antagonists and anticoagulants, and has become relatively asymptomatic. Case 2: A 69-year-old-man was diagnosed as having apical HCM after a complete evaluation, including cardiac catheterization, at the age of 59 years. His LVEDP was elevated (17 mmHg), and a left ventricular angiogram revealed marked hypertrophy localized to the apex. Ejection fraction was 64%. A left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed interstitial fibrosis without hypertrophy of myocytes. Thereafter, he has been followed as a New York Heart Association functional class III to IV with occasional elevation of cardiac enzymes but without chest pain or acute changes in his ECGs. However, atrial fibrillation with complete right bundle branch block developed at the age of 60 years. Apical wall thinning and dyskinesis were diagnosed by 2D echocardiography and a defect in the 201T1 accumulation was observed at about 65 years of age. He was readmitted in severe cardiac failure at the age of 69 years, and he was diagnosed as having cardiac asthma with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 35 mmHg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3221317 TI - [Hemodynamic response to diurnal activities of patients with myocardial infarction evaluated by ambulatory monitoring of systolic time intervals using ear densitography]. AB - The purpose of this study was (1) to assess the hemodynamic changes during daily activities by 24-hour continuous ear-densitographic monitoring (Holter EDG) in 14 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), and (2) to define the changes in left ventricular performance during and after acute upright posture in 35 patients with old MI. Ninety-seven percent of the daily activities could be reliably measured by ambulatory monitoring of systolic time intervals (STI) and the most significant change in STI was observed during defecation. The ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) increased significantly during defecation (0.42 +- 0.09----0.50 +- 0.09, p less than 0.05), but heart rate either increased (5 patients) or decreased (4 patients). Though there was no change in PEP/LVET during sleep, walking and washing the face and hands, it tended to increase during eating and urinating. Acute upright posture caused sudden acceleration of the heart rate, and increased PEP/LVET immediately (0.36 +- 0.05----0.39 +- 0.06, p less than 0.005). The latter further increased immediately after sitting (0.36 +- 0.05----0.41 +- 0.07, p less than 0.001) and 1 min after sitting (0.36 +- 0.05----0.43 +- 0.07, p less than 0.001), but it was stable thereafter. Thus, abrupt changes in these parameters indicate that changes both in neural activity and venous return are virtually instantaneous. We concluded that the Holter EDG will facilitate the evaluation of daily activities of patients, and that the information obtained in this study could be valuable in understanding the physiology and hemodynamics of patients recovering from acute MI. PMID- 3221318 TI - [Clinical significance of precordial ST segment depression during acute inferior myocardial infarction]. AB - To investigate the mechanisms and clinical significance of precordial (V1-V4) ST segment depression during acute inferior myocardial infarction, stress thallium 201 scintigrams and coronary angiograms were obtained within four to eight weeks after the onset of myocardial infarction in 37 patients experiencing their first acute inferior myocardial infarction. Among 18 patients with precordial ST depression (group 1), 11 with concomitant disease of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) had positive results on exercise test, whereas in seven patients without LAD lesion, only two had positive exercise test (p less than 0.01). In 19 patients without precordial ST depression (group 2), 11 had severe stenosis in the LAD. However, among these 11 patients, only two had positive exercise tests. Patients with precordial ST depression demonstrated a higher frequency of positive exercise tests than those without it (p less than 0.01). On stress thallium-201 scintigraphy, a perfusion defect involving the inferior wall was present in all patients, but additional anterior wall ischemia was present in only five of the 18 patients in group 1. These five patients had chest pain on exercise tests and a severe stenosis greater than 90% in the LAD. There was no significant difference in the frequency of additional posterolateral wall infarction between groups 1 and 2. In 18 patients in group 1, sigma ST (total degrees of ST segment depression in leads V1, V2, V3, and V4 in the acute stage) was significantly greater in 11 patients with LAD lesion than in seven without (p less than 0.05), and sigma ST greater than five mm was observed in 12 of 13 patients who had additional anterior wall ischemia and posterolateral wall infarction on stress thallium-201 scintigraphy (p less than 0.05). Myocardial revascularization, such as aortocoronary bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), was performed in six of the 18 patients in group 1 in the chronic stage, but in only one of the 19 patients in group 2. Thus, in patients with initial acute inferior myocardial infarction, those with precordial ST depression seemed to be a high-risk group. It was suggested that, during the early stage of myocardial infarction, this abnormality on electrocardiograms is related to the summation of effects of anterior wall ischemia and posterolateral wall infarction. Furthermore, the sigma ST evaluation is useful in differentiating a mirror image of inferior wall infarction from anterior wall ischemia and posterolateral wall infarction as the mechanism of precordial ST depression. PMID- 3221319 TI - [Ventricular free wall rupture following acute myocardial infarction: a two dimensional echocardiographic assessment]. AB - To assess the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in diagnosing ventricular free wall rupture following acute myocardial infarction, we studied the 2DE findings and the clinical pictures of seven consecutive patients with ventricular free wall rupture confirmed at the time of surgery or autopsy. Three patients had acute rupture; four, subacute rupture. All patients apparently had circulatory collapse despite continuing electrical activity at the onset of cardiac rupture. Four patients with subacute rupture recovered. In all patients, mild pericardial effusion was imaged by 2DE; however, this was not characteristic for cardiac rupture. In the patients with acute rupture, active left ventricular contractions were not observed after each QRS complex of the electrocardiogram. However, weak mitral valve motion was recorded at the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The interesting and constant finding in acute rupture was the right ventricular collapse observed throughout the cardiac cycle. Diastolic right ventricular collapse was consistently observed in patients with subacute rupture, immediately after recovery from cardiogenic shock. Subacute cardiac rupture is a potentially curable lesion, and the clinical features and quick 2DE confirmation of cardiac tamponade allowed immediate surgery which saved two of the four patients. PMID- 3221320 TI - [Respiratory changes of superior vena cava flow velocity in old myocardial infarction with severe left ventricular dysfunction]. AB - The clinical significance of the flow velocity of the superior vena cava (SVC) in old myocardial infarction (OMI) with severe left ventricular dysfunction were evaluated using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The subjects consisted of 10 patients with OMI (averaged left ventricular ejection fraction: 0.37 +/- 0.11) and 10 age-matched normal controls. Among the patients, eight had extensive anterior infarction and two had both anterior and inferior infarctions. During normal respiration, the peak SVC flow velocities in systole (S) and diastole (D), and the D/S ratio were measured. To evaluate right ventricular diastolic function, we measured the peak velocity across the tricuspid orifice in early diastole (rapid inflow: T-R) and the atrial contraction phase (T-A), and the ratio T-A/T-R during quiet expiration. In the normal controls, S was greater than D, both during expiration and inspiration. During inspiration, S, D and the D/S in the normal controls increased, with a greater increase in D than in S. In the patients, however, D and the D/S did not increase during inspiration. T-R was less and the T-A/T-R was greater in the patients with OMI than in the normal controls. These findings of tricuspid flow velocity revealed impaired diastolic filling of the right ventricle in patients with OMI. In conclusion, the impaired diastolic filling of the right ventricle in patients with OMI might be one of the causes of the abnormal response of the SVC flow velocity during normal spontaneous respiration. PMID- 3221321 TI - Sexual partner selectiveness effects on homosexual HIV transmission dynamics. AB - Deterministic simulation models are used to show that HIV transmission dynamics in homosexual populations can be strongly affected by sexual partner selectiveness. The type of selectiveness or biased mixing examined is where individuals with similar new partnership formation rates are more likely to form a pair than would be expected by chance. The effect of such selectiveness could be strong even when the total number and distribution of new sexual partnerships and sex acts remains constant. This means that in order to predict the future course of HIV transmission and identify the populations at highest risk, we must have information not only on the frequency of new sexual partnerships and types of sex acts, but also on who has sex with whom. Given high sexual partner selectiveness, some groups of homosexuals with low rates of sex and new sex partners would take many decades before a single introduction would generate an epidemic. Epidemics in these groups can be markedly accelerated by only modest contact with higher risk groups. Even in very low activity groups, which if isolated would have no epidemic, an important proportion of their members can be infected when they are not selective. The relative risks of AIDS in groups making high numbers of new sexual partnerships compared to groups making low numbers are markedly affected by sexual partner selectiveness. The models developed were examined using information collected in 1984 from the Coping and Change Study in collaboration with the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. This population was divided into activity groups by the rate at which individuals established new sexual partnerships and then a structure of new sexual partnerships between these activity groups was defined consistent with available data. Even without introducing any behavior change in the models, the proportion of the homosexual population infected was seen to level off temporarily at around 50% after several years as a consequence of saturation in the high risk groups when lower risk groups were not yet being consumed by the epidemic process. Most sex in the study population is casual or anonymous. The sample selection procedures were biased toward individuals who engage in such sex. There is, however, a large group of individuals that avoids the casual and anonymous sex scene. Simulated epidemics indicated that under a variety of conditions, the population that does not engage in casual and anonymous sex could experience an epidemic of HIV infection quite some time after the epidemic in the population that does has waned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3221323 TI - The natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infection in screened HIV positive U.S. Air Force personnel: a preliminary report. AB - We prospectively studied 157 HIV antibody-positive U.S. Air Force personnel identified by universal ELISA screening and confirmed by Western blot. They were initially evaluated and then re-evaluated at least once at approximately 1 year intervals. In order to determine which if any demographic and serologic cofactors were significantly related to progression of immunodeficiency early in the course of disease, we compared these variables with the mean change in CD4 cells per month and with progression in Walter Reed stage. Upon entry into the study, the subjects were classified as follows: sex: 153 (97.5%) male, 4 (2.5%) female; race: 84 (53.5%) white, 63 (40.1%) black, 8 (5.1%) Hispanic, and 2 (1.3%) Oriental; age: mean of 28.6 years (63.0% between 20 and 32 years); and Walter Reed stage: 108 (68.8%) Walter Reed 1, 26 (16.6%) Walter Reed 2, 9 (5.7%) Walter Reed 3, 6 (3.8%) Walter Reed 4, 5 (3.2%) Walter Reed 5, and 3 (1.9%) Walter Reed 6. The mean follow-up period was 12.2 months (range of 2 to 35 months). The mean change in CD4 cells per month was -0.072 (range of -94.75 to +67.58). Factors at entry that are significantly related to loss of CD4 cells included serum IgA over 300 mg/dl (p = 0.0450) and anergy (p = 0.0093). Factors at entry significantly related to progression in Walter Reed stage included serum IgA over 300 mg/dl (p = 0.0001), low absolute CD4 count (p = 0.0001), and low CD4/CD8 ratio (p = 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221322 TI - Lack of transmission of HIV through human bites and scratches. AB - To examine the relative risk of transmission of the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) through bites and scratches, we studied 198 health care workers, 30 of whom were traumatized in this fashion while caring for an aggressive AIDS patient. This violent patient frequently bit or scratched others, his mouth had blood and saliva, while his fingernails were at times soiled with semen, feces, and urine. He was HIV antibody and antigen positive. Although HIV was recovered from his peripheral blood lymphocytes, after 2.5 years of serial follow-up, all traumatized personnel were clinically normal, no HIV was cultured from their blood, and all were HIV antibody and P24 antigen negative. We conclude that this viremic AIDS patient, while producing copious amounts of body fluids, failed to infect those caring for him through bites and scratches. The risk of transmission of HIV through this route under similar conditions should be low. PMID- 3221324 TI - Clinical applicability of current pharmacokinetic models: splanchnic elimination of 5-fluorouracil in cancer patients. AB - What can be inferred from limited clinical data by using current models of hepatic elimination? We examined this question by analyzing previously published data on the steady-state uptake of the anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in seven cancer patients in terms of the venous equilibration model, the undistributed and distributed forms of the sinusoidal perfusion model, and the convection-dispersion model. Because of appreciable extrasplanchnic removal of 5 FU, the value of the steady infusion rate was not used in our analysis. When the data from all patients were pooled by plotting the measured hepatic venous concentration against the measured hepatic arterial concentration, the high concentration data fell on a limiting straight line of slope 1, indicating that at high dose rates elimination of 5-FU in both the liver and gastrointestinal tract was close to saturation. The intercept of this line gave a model independent estimate of Vmax/Q = 48.0 +/- 11.6 (SD) microM for the pooled data set, where Vmax is the maximum splanchnic elimination rate of 5-FU, and Q is the hepatic blood flow. The low concentration data points fell on a limiting straight line through the origin, from which model-dependent values of the Michaelis constant were determined. The venous equilibration model gave Km = 9.4 microM, while the undistributed sinusoidal perfusion model gave Km* = 26.5 microM. With these values of Km, both models fit the pooled data equally well. These methods were applied to analyses of the five individual data sets which contained sufficiently high concentration data points. The resulting mean values were Vmax/Q = 41.0 +/- 5.1 (sem) microM, Km = 8.4 +/- 1.3 microM and Km* = 23.2 +/- 3.2 microM. However, the splanchnic region is a highly heterogeneous organ system, for which an undistributed analysis provides no more than an upper bound on the Michaelis constant Km+ (Km+ less than or equal to Km*). A perfusion model distributed to represent total splanchnic elimination is developed in the Appendix. Using previous estimates of the degree of functional heterogeneity in the liver alone, this model yields Km+ values for individual patients which have a mean of 20.3 +/- 2.8 microM. PMID- 3221325 TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam in the enflurane-anesthetized dog. AB - Midazolam (Mid) is widely used as an anesthetic adjunct. To test its anesthetic effect vs. concentration relationships, it is desirable to establish stable and predictable Mid concentrations in plasma (and brain). Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of Mid in the enflurane-anesthetized dog were determined, and the ability of Mid to reduce the enflurane concentration required for anesthesia was measured and correlated with the Mid concentration in plasma [MID]. Mongrel dogs (n = 9) were anesthetized with enflurane and the enflurane EC50 (MAC--the end-tidal concentration at which one-half of the dogs respond to the noxious stimulation of clamping of the tail, and one-half do not) was determined. Group 1 (n = 5) received Mid 2.5 mg/kg iv over 60 sec. Plasma for determination of [MID] was collected and the enflurane EC50 was determined repeatedly over the 7-8-hr period following injection. Based on the pharmacokinetic parameters determined for Group 1, dogs in Group 2 (n = 4) received Mid as a continuous infusion of 21 micrograms kg-1 min-1 for 5 hr accompanied by an initial loading dose (3 mg/kg infused over 20 min) designed to produce a stable [MID] of 1000 ng/ml in plasma. Enflurane MAC and [MID] were determined regularly during the infusion and for 6 hr after discontinuation of the infusion. There were no important differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters determined for Group 1 vs. Group 2: t1/2,z = 98 +/ 5 vs. 95 +/- 10 min (mean +/- SEM); V = 3.94 +/- 0.27 vs. 2.98 +/- 25 L/kg; Cl = 28.5 +/- 3.1 vs. 22.3 +/- 1.1 ml kg-1 min-1, respectively. When administered as a continuous intravenous infusion (Group 2), [MID] remained stable at 949 +/- 53 ng/ml for more than 5 hr. The enflurane EC50 was reduced by 55% and the reduction remained stable during the 5 hours of Mid infusion. After a single iv bolus dose or after discontinuation of the continuous infusion, the degree of enflurane EC50 reduction diminished toward the control (i.e., enflurane alone) value as [MID] declined. Mid-azolam's pharmacokinetics and plasma concentration vs. effect relationships have been determined to be consistent under two different experimental conditions. PMID- 3221326 TI - The assessment of bioavailability in the presence of nonlinear elimination. AB - The simultaneous administration of an oral dose and intravenous tracer dose, as a method to determine bioavailability, was examined by means of computer simulation for drugs exhibiting Michaelis-Menten type elimination. A physiological pharmacokinetic model parameterized for man and including first-order absorption and elimination solely from the liver was employed. This tracer method provided good estimates of the true availability, with an error of 6% or less, over a wide range of dosing and dispositional conditions. Poorer estimates were noted when large doses of drugs with very short half-lives were considered. This poor performance was improved by administering the intravenous tracer at some time after the oral dose but an a priori basis for establishing this time was not apparent. The tracer method, therefore, appears to be a robust means of assessing, in man, oral bioavailability in the presence of Michaelis-Menten type elimination for drugs characterized by the general properties of the physiological model employed and with half-lives in excess of approximately 40 min. These findings together with the statistical power and simplicity of performance of the tracer method indicate that it is a valid technique for the assessment of bioavailability under a wide range of kinetic conditions. PMID- 3221327 TI - Prediction of hepatic first-pass metabolism and plasma levels following intravenous and oral administration of barbiturates in the rabbit based on quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationships. AB - Based on the concept of physiological pharmacokinetics, the hepatic first-pass metabolism and plasma levels following intravenous and oral administration of barbiturates in the rabbit was predicted based on the relationships between principle kinetic parameters and lipophilicity (chloroform-water partition coefficient). Good log-log linear relationships between kinetic parameters and lipophilicity were obtained for the seven barbiturates examined. The values of correlation coefficient were improved slightly by using the corrected values for partition coefficients of nonionic molecules in the cases of principle parameters such as drug-protein and drug-blood cell affinity, intrinsic hepatic clearance, and unbound volume of distribution. There was also a good linear relationship between absorption rate constant (mean absorption time) and lipophilicity. The mean hepatic transit time was negligible for the most lipophilic drug (hexobarbital) examined; this suggests that the mean absorption time for these barbiturates does reflect the absorption process. The available fraction in relation to hepatic first-pass metabolism was well predicted from the lipophilicity by both well-stirred and parallel-tube models, and the difference in the values predicted by both models was minimal. There were good relationships between predicted and observed values for plasma levels after intravenous and oral administration, except for two (cyclobarbital and phenobarbital) of the seven drugs used. The great difference between predicted and observed values for these two drugs was considered due to substituent effects in liver metabolism. PMID- 3221328 TI - Testing for the equality of area under the curves when using destructive measurement techniques. AB - The area under a curve (AUC) of metabolite concentration or drug concentration over time has biological meaning in many situations, and the test of AUC equality among a set of different dosing regimens is often of interest. For the situation where the experimental unit must be sacrificed in order to obtain an estimate of the metabolite or drug concentration, it is noted that linear combinations of mean concentrations at time points for a particular dosing regimen can be used to estimate the AUC for that regimen. Contrasts among AUC estimates are readily constructed and tested within this derivation. PMID- 3221330 TI - Normal and abnormal eating. Selected papers from the 31st annual conference of the Society for Psychosomatic Research. 17-18 December 1987, London. PMID- 3221329 TI - Report of the survey of poison control centres and related toxicological services 1984-1986. PMID- 3221331 TI - Anorexia nervosa: evidence for a genetic basis. AB - This paper reports the preliminary results of a combined twin and family study of anorexia nervosa. Fifty-six per cent of the 25 female monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and 5% of the 20 female dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were concordant for anorexia nervosa. Nearly 5% of other female first degree relatives also had a history of anorexia nervosa. Analysis of data from the Eating Disorders Questionnaire (EDI) given to the twins and data as to weight loss, length of amenorrhoea and other characteristics of anorexia nervosa, together with the twin and family data, supports the hypothesis that genetic factors are very significant in the aetiology of anorexia nervosa. Analysis of this data using established techniques of psychiatric genetics suggested that up to 80% of the variance in liability to anorexia nervosa may be accounted for by genetic factors. The problems of this type of analysis are discussed as is the background to the genetics of weight and appetite control. A genetic/environmental model accounting for the features of anorexia nervosa is proposed. PMID- 3221333 TI - Comparison between the sexes of the results of parietal cell vagotomy for duodenal ulcer 11-18 years after surgery. PMID- 3221332 TI - The spectrum of eating disorder in adolescence. AB - The concept of a spectrum of eating disorder in adolescence ranging from the feeling of being too fat to the syndrome of anorexia nervosa has gained considerable acceptance in epidemiological research into eating disorders. Dieting and the occasional use of more extreme methods of weight control are not uncommon in teenage girls. New findings from a prospective study of London schoolgirls support a view that dieting in adolescence, although for the most part unproblematic, is in some instances a precursor to more extreme methods of weight control and concerns about weight. Being of a higher weight and the presence of neurotic and depressive symptoms were found to be the factors, other than concerns about food and weight, which best distinguished the elements of the eating disorder spectrum. PMID- 3221334 TI - Changing pattern of general surgery in the elderly. PMID- 3221335 TI - Defective white blood cell function in Hirschsprung's disease: a possible predisposing factor to enterocolitis. PMID- 3221336 TI - Silk lesions after gastric surgery. PMID- 3221337 TI - Transhiatal oesophagectomy in the management of carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus. PMID- 3221339 TI - MacIntosh arthroplasty: a long-term review. PMID- 3221338 TI - Vascular complications of diagnostic angiography via limb arteries. PMID- 3221341 TI - Second meeting of the Academic Department of Surgery In Europe. Edinburgh, 8-9 April 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3221340 TI - Coccygectomy. PMID- 3221342 TI - A new shoulder retractor. PMID- 3221343 TI - Lipoblastoma of the back. PMID- 3221344 TI - Treatment of lumbosacral agenesis by through-knee amputation and femoral osteotomy. PMID- 3221345 TI - Benign chondroblastoma of the talus. PMID- 3221346 TI - Encapsulated small bowel: an anatomical curiosity explained. PMID- 3221347 TI - Intramuscular myxoma. PMID- 3221348 TI - The infrequency of hyperparathyroidism in north-east Scotland. PMID- 3221349 TI - Zadik's operation for permanent removal of great toenail. PMID- 3221350 TI - Factors affecting prognosis and conversion in equine atrial fibrillation. AB - Sixty-seven horses presented with atrial fibrillation (AF) from January 1, 1980 to August 1, 1986. All horses were evaluated for the type and severity of the underlying cardiac disease and the probable duration of the arrhythmia. Fifty-two (78%) of the horses were treated with quinidine sulfate and/or digoxin. The response to treatment was assessed in each horse. Horses were followed for periods extending from 8 months to 7 years. Standardbreds, young horses, and males predominated in the study group. There were more male horses (stallions and geldings) than mares. Most horses with AF had no evidence of other cardiac disease (56.7%). All performance horses without other cardiac disease were treated, and return to performance was significantly associated with conversion to sinus rhythm. Horses that did not convert with quinidine sulfate therapy, whose arrhythmia recurred, and that had side effects from quinidine sulfate therapy, had a longer history of poor performance. Tachycardia (heart rate greater than 60 beats/min) was significantly associated with the existence of congestive heart failure. The horses with congestive heart failure had a poor prognosis for life (7.7% survived) and a poor conversion to normal sinus rhythm (23.1%). Mitral regurgitation (19 horses) was the most common underlying cardiac disease. Tricuspid regurgitation (15 horses), aortic regurgitation (3 horses), myocardial dysfunction (3 horses), and atrial septal defect (1 horse) also were diagnosed. Congestive heart failure was common in this group of horses with underlying cardiac disease. PMID- 3221351 TI - The importance of egg protein in reduced protein diets designed for dogs with renal failure. AB - The effects of two reduced-protein diets and a canine maintenance diet on renal function, nutrition, serum and urine acid-base and electrolyte values, and divalent ion metabolism were compared in Beagle dogs with induced chronic renal failure. Two reduced-protein (18%) diets differed in their protein sources. One 18% protein diet was formulated using egg protein as the only protein source. The other 18% protein diet was formulated using a mixture of animal and vegetable proteins. The 42% protein diet contained a mixture of animal and vegetable protein sources. Results of this study indicate that the egg-based and mixed protein-based diets had similar effects on most clinical and laboratory evaluations in dogs with chronic renal failure. However, the egg protein diet appeared to promote hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Both reduced-protein diets were beneficial in reducing azotemia, polyuria, hypermagnesemia, and fractional excretion of phosphorus compared with the 42% protein diet. PMID- 3221352 TI - Effects of castration on peritoneal fluid in the horse. AB - Twenty-four clinically normal horses were castrated by routine methods. Peritoneal fluid was collected prior to castration and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postcastration. Peritoneal fluid was collected on days 9 and 11 if nucleated cell (NC) counts were still markedly elevated on day 7. Peritonitis, defined as NC counts greater than 10,000/microliters, was evident in 15 horses following castration. Mean NC counts peaked on day 5 but were less than 10,000/microliters for 74% of the horses by day 7, and 90% of the horses by day 9. One horse had a NC count greater than 60,000/microliters on day 11 when sampling ended. Postcastration peritoneal fluid was obviously blood-tinged in 21 horses. Peak RBC counts occurred on day 3 but markedly decreased by day 5. Elevated peritoneal RBC counts correlated well with elevated NC counts (P less than 0.001). Horses with peritonitis tended to have fever (P less than 0.05). Other clinical signs of peritonitis were not apparent. PMID- 3221354 TI - Cisplatin therapy in 41 dogs with malignant tumors. AB - Forty-one dogs with a variety of histopathologically diagnosed, measurable tumors were treated with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, Platinol, Bristol Laboratories, Syracuse, NY 13221-4755) as a single agent at a dosage of 60 mg/m2 given intravenously at 3-week intervals. In an attempt to avoid renal toxicity of cisplatin, saline diuresis was induced and maintained for 4 hours before and 2 hours following cisplatin administration. The dogs received one to ten doses of cisplatin. To determine response to therapy and to monitor toxicity of the drug, the dogs were evaluated with physical examinations including tumor measurements, radiography, complete blood counts, platelet counts, urinalyses, serum urea nitrogen concentrations, and serum creatinine concentrations. An overall response rate of 19% was observed. Complete remission occurred in one of 11 dogs with squamous cell carcinomas and one of one dog with a mediastinal undifferentiated carcinoma. Partial remissions were documented in one of 11 dogs with squamous cell carcinomas, two of three dogs with metastatic osteosarcomas, one of three dogs with nasal adenocarcinomas, and one of one dog with a thyroid adenocarcinoma. Toxic side effects were primarily gastrointestinal in nature, with vomiting occurring 1-6 hours after cisplatin administration in 27 of 41 dogs. Severe anorexia occurred in three dogs, and hemorrhagic diarrhea was observed in one dog. One dog developed grand mal seizures and died 3 hours following therapy. Granulocytopenia was documented in six dogs, and thrombocytopenia was observed in four dogs. One dog showed an increase in serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, but this patient had known pre existing renal disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221353 TI - Investigation of caval syndrome in dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis. AB - Nine of 16 dogs inoculated with 200 infective heartworm larvae developed caval syndrome (CS) of heartworm disease (HWD). There was no difference between dogs that did and did not develop CS with regard to total heartworm burden, burden relative to body weight, or female heartworm burden, indicating that factors other than worm mass are involved in the pathogenesis of CS. Male dogs were twice as frequently affected as females, although this finding was not statistically significant. Dogs afflicted with CS exhibited radiographic, pathologic, and hemodynamic evidence of chronic HWD. In a model of single heartworm exposure, these findings strongly support the theory that CS develops due to retrograde migration of adult worms from the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle to the right atrium and venae cavae. Pulmonary artery pressures were dramatically and significantly greater in dogs with CS (60 +/- 18 torr) as compared to non-CS (30 +/- 4 torr) dogs with equal worm burdens. PMID- 3221355 TI - Chronic idiopathic neutropenia in a cat. AB - Persistent neutropenia (0-0.6 X 10(9) neutrophils/l) was documented during a 10 month period in a 4-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat that was presented for anorexia and depression. Salient abnormalities detected on physical examination were fever (40.3 degrees C), dehydration, and gingivitis. The cat was neutropenic (0.5 X 10(9) neutrophils/l) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for feline leukemia virus was negative. A bone marrow aspirate showed decreased numbers of mature granulocytic cells. In vitro bone marrow cultures for colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) were performed comparing bone marrow from the patient with that of a normal cat. The patient had fewer CFU-GM than the control. The number of CFU-GM increased when bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of 10(-5) and 10(-6) mol/l of hydrocortisone, but the cat did not respond to oral prednisolone therapy. The pathogenesis of the neutropenia in this cat remains obscure, but resembles the chronic idiopathic neutropenia syndrome of man. PMID- 3221357 TI - The influence of castration on the development of prostatic carcinoma in the dog. PMID- 3221356 TI - Radiotherapy of metastatic seminoma in the dog. Case reports. AB - Four dogs with metastatic seminoma were treated with cesium 137 teleradiotherapy. Minimum total tumor dose ranged from 17 to 40 gray (Gy) and was usually given through bilateral opposing sublumbar ports in eight to ten fractions, with three fractions given weekly. The tumor regressed in all four dogs. The first dog (case 1) was free of tumor and died of non-tumor related causes at 57 months. The second dog (case 2) was free of tumor but was euthanatized at 37 months for a limb fracture. The third dog (case 3) was euthanatized for undertermined pulmonary disease 43 months after radiotherapy. The fourth dog (case 4) was euthanatized 6 months following radiotherapy because of transitional cell carcinoma and renal failure. No evidence of seminoma was found at necropsy. Radiotherapy was shown to be effective treatment for seminoma with regional metastasis. PMID- 3221358 TI - Efficacy and toxicity of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide used in the treatment of selected malignant tumors in 23 cats. AB - Twenty-three cats with malignant, nonhematopoietic tumors were treated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Fourteen cats had nonresectable tumors of the mammary gland, and nine had tumors of the oral cavity. Of the cats with mammary gland adenocarcinoma, seven cats had a partial response to treatment and seven cats had no response. Of the cats with oral tumors, one cat had a complete response, three cats had a partial response, and five cats had no response. All 23 cats are dead because of tumor progression or recurrence. Toxic effects were seen in 18 of the cats; most were transient and required no alteration in the treatment protocol. A high response rate combined with acceptable toxicity warrants further evaluation of combination doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in cats with nonhematopoietic neoplasia. PMID- 3221359 TI - Hypernatremia in calves. AB - Hypernatremia (sodium chloride intoxication) is described in two calves due to presumed mixing errors of oral electrolyte solutions while undergoing therapy for neonatal diarrhea. The experimental induction of hypernatremia in two clinically normal calves is also reported. Physical findings in diarrheic calves included depression, weakness, dehydration, and diarrhea. Serum sodium concentrations were found to be 171.6 mEq/l and 208.0 mEq/l, respectively. Treatment with intravenous fluids was attempted in both cases, but one calf died after 6 hours and the other calf died after 2 days and exhibited periodic convulsions before death. Experimental induction with oral administration of 1 l of electrolyte concentrate, which contained approximately 2750 mEq sodium revealed that the normal calves would willingly consume the solution as mixed with milk and develop clinical signs of hypernatremia within 6 hours of administration. Serum sodium concentrations of 176.0 and 179.8 were found in the experimental calves and coincided with the onset of overt depression and weakness, at which time they were euthanatized. Cerebrospinal fluid electrolyte analysis paralleled the serum electrolyte alterations. PMID- 3221360 TI - Clinical signs of tumors affecting the rostral cerebrum in 43 dogs. AB - The clinical and pathologic features of 43 dogs with neoplasia of the rostral cerebrum were reviewed. Primary brain tumors included meningioma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and ependymoma. Other tumors that secondarily affected these areas included solitary hemangiosarcoma, nasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, nasal cell adenocarcinoma, nasal squamous cell carcinoma, and nasal neurofibrosarcoma. Older dogs were usually affected (mean, 10 years), and meningioma was the most frequent tumor type. Thirty-one dogs (72% of total) had a late-onset (greater than 5 years of age) of either generalized seizures or behavior abnormalities, or both, with an initially normal neurologic examination. In these 31 dogs, a mean time of 78 days (range, 2 to 400 days) elapsed from the onset of seizures or behavior change to the detection of a persistently abnormal neurologic examination. In all 43 dogs, the time from the detection of neurologic deficits to death or euthanasia and necropsy ranged from 1 to 63 days (mean, 13 days). On the basis of this review, it appears that dogs with late-onset seizures or behavior change, or both, should be suspected of having tumors involving the rostral cerebrum, despite the absence of persistent neurologic deficits commonly associated with cerebral tumors. Further, the onset of abnormalities in the neurologic examination and the time of death seem to occur within predictable time periods. PMID- 3221361 TI - Myasthenia gravis in the cat. AB - Myasthenia gravis (MG) was diagnosed in four cats--one had an apparently congenital form and three had the acquired autoimmune form. All four cats were examined because of episodes of weakness including gait abnormalities, voice change, neck ventroflexion, and regurgitation. Palpebral reflexes were absent in all cats. Administration of edrophonium chloride resulted in transient resolution of clinical signs in all four cats. Three cats were tested for the presence of serum autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR) by radioimmunoassay. Two cats with acquired MG had anti-AChR antibody titers of 10.5 and 96.8 nmol/l (normal, less than or equal to 0.03 nmol/l). Antibodies were not detected in the cat with presumptive congenital MG. All four cats were treated with pyridostigmine bromide. Two cats with acquired MG were euthanatized because of clinical deterioration. The third cat with acquired MG has been asymptomatic since 2 months after diagnosis. The cat with presumed congenital MG is alive 3 years after diagnosis. PMID- 3221364 TI - Wind of change. II. Medical journals in Britain in 1988. PMID- 3221362 TI - Hepatic failure in dairy cattle following mastitis or metritis. AB - Hepatic failure developed following mastitis or metritis in five adult cows. In all five cases, cows initially showed clinical signs compatible with endotoxemia, which resolved with appropriate therapy for the mastitis or metritis. Subsequently, signs of liver failure developed including profound anorexia, weight loss, cessation of milk production, and in one case, photosensitization. Four cows had laboratory evidence of liver disease and failure (abnormally prolonged sulfobromophthalein [BSP] clearance half-life and abnormally high serum liver enzyme activity). Hepatocellular necrosis or vacuolization was seen on histopathologic examination of liver specimens from all five cows. The hepatocellular necrosis, in some cases, was thought to be due to the direct or indirect effects of endotoxin on the liver. Three of the cows responded to symptomatic therapy. One cow failed to respond and one was not treated. PMID- 3221363 TI - Treatment of congenital pulmonic stenosis in two dogs by balloon valvuloplasty. AB - Balloon valvuloplasty was performed on two dogs with pulmonic valve stenosis. Immediately following balloon valvuloplasty, peak right ventricular systolic pressure declined from 92 to 44 mm Hg in the first dog and from 108 to 46 mm Hg in the second dog. The peak systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonic valve declined from 60 to 12 mm Hg in the first dog and from 84 to 22 mm Hg in the second dog. Hemodynamic improvement was sustained in both dogs at the time of recatheterization 3 months later. Both dogs tolerated the procedure well and there were no serious complications. It was concluded that balloon valvuloplasty offers an alternative to surgery for the treatment of valvular pulmonic stenosis in dogs. The exact indications for and limitations of balloon valvuloplasty must await the results of additional and more long-term studies. PMID- 3221365 TI - Literature and medical ethics. PMID- 3221366 TI - Intractable pain: a neglected area of medical education in the UK. AB - Unease over the previous management of 67 patients referred for treatment to 3 pain relief clinics led us to investigate the current state of education in pain and pain control in the UK. Twenty-seven medical schools provided data which revealed; (i) in 4 schools no teaching whatsoever is given in these subjects; (ii) in the remainder it is accorded an average of 3.5 hours during the 5 year course, with little evidence of multidisciplinary teaching; (iii) only 10 schools (37%) regularly set questions on pain control in formal examinations. A survey of 219 general practitioners revealed a wide-ranging lack of knowledge about the facilities and approach to treatment at their local pain relief clinic. These findings have wide reaching implications for medical education. At the undergraduate level they demonstrate a need for more multidisciplinary teaching and practical experience in specialist units. Thereafter specialists in pain control must enable practising doctors to keep abreast of new developments. This may require them to devote more time writing for a non-specialist audience and devising short, postgraduate courses. PMID- 3221368 TI - Lands of contrast--soldiering abroad: discussion paper. PMID- 3221367 TI - Serology in patients treated with albendazole for hydatid disease. PMID- 3221369 TI - Oligosymptomatic hypocalcaemia in a patient with impaired parathyroid hormone activity. PMID- 3221370 TI - Successful transthoracic repair of a ruptured spleen. PMID- 3221371 TI - Anetoderma of Jadassohn. PMID- 3221372 TI - Inferior vena cava thrombosis following a cycle ride. PMID- 3221373 TI - Tenosynovitis. PMID- 3221374 TI - Impact of antihypertensive therapy on blood pressure reactivity during mental stress. AB - The effects of baseline antihypertensive drugs or sympatholytic agents on the characteristic hemodynamic response pattern (i.e. increase in blood pressure and heart rate, decrease in total peripheral resistance) during emotional stress were examined. Middle aged male caucasian patients with hitherto untreated mild essential hypertension were given nitrendipine 10-20 mg per day, oxprenolol 160 mg per day or clonidine 75-300 micrograms per day until casual blood pressure was below 140/90 mmHg for at least three months. Blood pressure, heart rate and stroke volume was assessed, at rest and during emotional stress, before and during effective antihypertensive therapy. The increase in systolic pressure during stress was not attenuated by any of the drugs. Heart rate reactivity was lowest when patients received oxprenolol, but peripheral resistance during emotional stress was significantly increased. Clonidine had no unfavorable effects on the hemodynamic pattern during emotional stress but nitrendipine decreased peripheral resistance even more than the decrease in resistance observed during stress before initiation of therapy. If one accepts that antihypertensive therapy should not alter a physiological hemodynamic pattern to an unphysiological response, psychophysiological examinations seem to be valid in selecting suitable patients for the different alternatives in antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 3221376 TI - Nutritional correlates of blood pressure in elderly Chinese. AB - Dietary intakes of various nutrients, urinary electrolyte levels from a casual urine sample, and BP were determined in 425 active men and women aged 60 and above (mean age 70.6 years) living in the community. After exclusion of subjects taking Western or Chinese medicines, correlations were seen between body mass index and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, r = 0.15, P less than 0.01), between calcium intake and systolic blood pressure (SBP, r = 0.14, P less than 0.02) and retinol intake and SBP (r = -0.14, P less than 0.03). There was no significant correlation between BP and casual urinary Na/Cr, K/Cr, Na/K or Ca/Cr ratios. Fewer correlates were seen compared to younger age groups. These results suggest that dietary modification of BP based on studies in Caucasian communities of all ages may not apply to elderly Chinese populations. PMID- 3221378 TI - Species of the genus Papio (Cercopithecidae, primates) as subjects of biomedical research: II. Quantitative characteristics of contemporary use of baboon species in medical and biological investigations. AB - Independence of the five Papio species is evaluated. Baboons appear to be more similar to man than are other monkey species, which makes them a desirable model for use in experimental research to approximate human health conditions. They are, however, used less widely than macaques. Publications on baboons account for 10.3% of literature on the use of primates in experimental research. Baboons were most intensively used in surgery, then in hematology, cardiology, endocrinology. They were most rarely used in stomatology and in studies on infectious diseases. PMID- 3221377 TI - Changes in plasma lipids and uric acid with sodium loading and sodium depletion in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The short-term effects of manipulating dietary salt intake on plasma levels of cholesterol, lipoproteins and uric acid were studied in two groups of patient with essential hypertension. With dietary salt restriction in 8 patients (10 g to 2 g salt/day for five days), plasma total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, beta-lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and uric acid rose significantly. With salt repletion (2 g salt/day to 20 g/day for five days) in 17 patients, plasma total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, beta-lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and uric acid fell significantly. Total/HDL cholesterol ratio increased significantly with salt restriction and decreased significantly with repletion. However, very low density lipoprotein, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, chylomicron and non-esterified fatty acid were not influenced by the changes in salt intake. These results indicate that the severe restriction of dietary salt raises plasma cholesterol and uric acid levels in patients with essential hypertension in the short term. PMID- 3221379 TI - A positive wave at the J-point of electrocardiograms of anaesthetized baboons (Papio ursinus). AB - Electrocardiograms were performed on 50 anaesthetized baboons (Papio ursinus). A positive deflection, referred to by us as the H-wave, consistently occurs at the junction between the QRS complex and the S-T segment. The significance of this deflection at the J-point, as the junction is known, is still to be established; however, characterization of the H-wave regarding amplitude and position with respect to the R-wave is done. PMID- 3221375 TI - Casual versus 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recording in the evaluation of chronic administration of sustained-release verapamil. AB - Although ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has been used widely for the evaluation of antihypertensive treatment, little information is available regarding the comparison between this method and casual BP measurement during drug trials. In our study, we tested the efficacy of a new formulation of verapamil, 240 mg sustained-release tablets, and compared the degree of BP reduction as detected by casual (standard mercury manometer) and by 24-hour ambulatory recording (Spacelab ICR 5300). A statistically significant fall in casual BP was observed after verapamil with respect to placebo. Moreover, 24 hour, waking and sleeping ambulatory BPs were significantly reduced by verapamil. The mean BP reduction was similar for office (20.1/16.1 +/- 4.3/3.1 mmHg) and for day-time ambulatory monitoring (13.4/10.7 +/- 4.2/1.9 1.9 mmHg), but no correlation was found between BP fall recorded by the two techniques for individual subjects. This study suggests that sustained-release verapamil is an effective antihypertensive drug. Individual mean BP reduction outside the clinic may not be predicted from office readings and therefore ambulatory BP recording seems to provide a better basis for testing the efficacy of drugs. PMID- 3221380 TI - Na+ and K+ fluxes stimulated by Na+-coupled glucose transport: evidence for a Ba2+-insensitive K+ efflux pathway in rabbit proximal tubules. AB - Addition of glucose or the nonmetabolizable analogue alpha-methyl-D-glucoside to rabbit proximal tubules suspended in a glucose- and alanine-free buffer caused a sustained increase in intracellular Na+ content (+43 +/- 7 nmol.(mg protein)-1) and a concomitant but larger decrease in K+ content (-72 +/- 11 nmol.(mg protein) 1). A component of the net K+ efflux was Ba2+ insensitive, and was inhibited by high (1 mM) but not low (10 microM) concentrations of the diuretics furosemide and bumetanide. The increase in intracellular Na+ content is consistent with the view that the increased rates of Na+ and water transport seen in the proximal tubule in the presence of glucose can be attributed (at least in part) to a stimulation of basolateral pump activity by an increased [Na+]i. PMID- 3221381 TI - Ca2+-activated K+ channels in the apical membrane of Necturus choroid plexus. AB - The properties of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in the apical membrane of the Necturus choroid plexus were studied using single-channel recording techniques in the cell-attached and excised-patch configurations. Channels with large unitary conductances clustered around 150 and 220 pS were most commonly observed. These channels exhibited a high selectivity for K+ over Na+ and K+ over Cs+. They were blocked by high cytoplasmic Na+ concentrations (110 mM). Channel activity increased with depolarizing membrane potentials, and with increasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations. Increasing Ca2+ from 5 to 500 nM, increased open probability by an order of magnitude, without changing single-channel conductance. Open probability increased up to 10-fold with a 20-mV depolarization when Ca2+ was 500 nM. Lowering intracellular pH one unit, decreased open probability by more than two orders of magnitude, but pH did not affect single-channel conductance. Cytoplasmic Ba2+ reduced both channel-open probability and conductance. The sites for the action of Ba2+ are located at a distance more than halfway through the applied electric field from the inside of the membrane. Values of 0.013 and 117 mM were calculated as the apparent Ba2+ dissociation constants (KD(0 mV] for the effects on probability and conductance, respectively. TEA+ (tetraethylammonium) reduced single-channel current. Applied to the cytoplasmic side, it acted on a site 20% of the distance through the membrane, with a KD(0 mV) = 5.6 mM. A second site, with a higher affinity, KD(0 mV) = 0.23 mM, may account for the near total block of channel conductance by 2 mM TEA+ applied to the outside of the membrane. It is concluded that the channels in Necturus choroid plexus exhibit many of the properties of "maxi" Ca2+-activated K+ channels found in other tissues. PMID- 3221382 TI - Ca2+-activated K+ currents in Necturus choroid plexus. AB - The tight-seal whole-cell recording method has been used to study Necturus choroid plexus epithelium. A cell potential of -59 +/- 2 mV and a whole cell resistance of 56 +/- 6 M omega were measured using this technique. Application of depolarizing step potentials activated voltage-dependent outward currents that developed with time. For example, when the cell was bathed in 110 mM NaCl Ringer solution and the interior of the cell contained a solution of 110 mM KCl and 5 nM Ca2+, stepping the membrane potential from a holding value of -50 to -10 mV evoked outward currents which, after a delay of greater than 50 msec, increased to a steady state in 500 msec. The voltage dependence of the delayed currents suggests that they may be currents through Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Based on the voltage dependence of the activation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels, we have devised a general method to isolate the delayed currents. The delayed currents were highly selective for K+ as their reversal potential at different K+ concentration gradients followed the Nernst potential for K+. These currents were reduced by the addition of TEA+ to the bath solution and were eliminated when Cs+ or Na+ replaced intracellular K+. Increasing the membrane potential to more positive values decreased both the delay and the half-times (t1/2) to the steady value. Increasing the pipette Ca2+ also decreased the delay and decreased t1/2. For instance, when pipette Ca2+ was increased from 5 to 500 nM, the delay and t1/2 decreased from values greater than 50 and 150 msec to values less than 10 and 50 msec. We conclude that the delayed currents are K+ currents through Ca2+ activated K+ channels. At the resting membrane potential of -60 mV, Ca2+ activated K+ channels contribute between 13 to 25% of the total conductance of the cell. The contribution of these channels to cell conductance nearly doubles with membrane depolarization of 20-30 mV. Such depolarizations have been observed when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion is stimulated by cAMP and with intracellular Ca2+. Thus the Ca2+-activated K+ channels may play a specific role in maintaining intracellular K+ concentrations during CSF secretion. PMID- 3221385 TI - Alcoholism: making the diagnosis in your practice. PMID- 3221384 TI - Bicarbonate and fast-twitch muscle: evidence for a major role in pH regulation. AB - Internal pH (pHi) was analyzed in rat extensor digitorum longus (Edl) muscle at 30 degrees C with single-barrel liquid ion-selective electrodes. Average pHi in 284 cells was 7.197 +/- 0.006. Increases in CO2 from nominally 0 to 5% produced an acidification from which recovery took place. In different groups of cells, recovery from the 5% CO2 acidification was significantly inhibited by 100 microM 4,4' diisothiocyanatostilbene 2,2' disulfonic acid (DIDS), Cl removal, Na removal and 2 mM amiloride. Prepulsing with 20 mM NH4 in the presence of CO2/HCO3 typically reduced pHi to only about neutral, whereas 50 mM reduced pHi to 6.7 6.8. In the nominal absence of CO2/HCO3, 20 mM NH4 reduced pHi to about 6.7 from which recovery took place at about 58% of the rate seen in different cells in the presence of CO2/HCO3. In the presence of CO2/HCO3, cells prepulsed with 50 mM NH4 had fully recovered to an average pHi of 7.22 +/- 0.04 about 90 min after removal of NH4. However, 90 min after removal of 20 mM NH4 in the absence of CO2/HCO3, average pHi was significantly less (7.05 +/- 0.03). Intrinsic buffering capacity (beta i) was obtained during pulses of CO2, acetic acid or after an NH4 pulse. beta i was significantly reduced in the absence of HCO3, Cl or Na and HCO3. The data provide significant support for an important role of HCO3 in the control of pHi in fast-twitch muscle. PMID- 3221383 TI - Voltage dependence of the basolateral membrane conductance in the Amphiuma collecting tubule. AB - The basolateral potassium conductance of cells of most epithelial cells plays an important role in the transcellular sodium transport inasmuch as the large negative equilibrium potential of potassium across this membrane contributes to the electrical driving force for Na+ across the apical membrane. In the present study, we have attempted to establish the I-V curve of the basolateral membrane of the Amphiuma collecting tubule, a membrane shown to be K+ selective. Transepithelial I-V curves were obtained in short, isolated perfused collecting tubule segments. The "shunt" conductance was determined using amiloride to block the apical membrane Na+ conductance. In symmetrical solutions, the "shunt" I-V curve was linear (conductance: 2.2 +/- 0.3 mS.cm-2). Transcellular current was calculated by subtracting the "shunt" current from the transepithelial current in the absence of amiloride. Using intracellular microelectrodes, it was then possible to measure the basolateral membrane potential simultaneously with the transcellular current. The basolateral conductance was found to be voltage dependent, being activated by hyperpolarization: conductance values at -30 and 80 mV were 3.6 +/- 1.0 and 6.6 +/- 1.0 mS.cm-2, respectively. Basolateral I-V curves were thus clearly different from that predicted by the "constant field" model. These results indicate that the K+-selective basolateral conductance of an amphibian collecting tubule shows inward ("anomalous") rectification. Considering the electrogenic nature basolateral Na-K-pump, this may account for coupling between pump-generated potential and basolateral K+ conductance. PMID- 3221387 TI - MSMA impaired physicians program: an overview. PMID- 3221386 TI - The disease of chemical dependency. PMID- 3221388 TI - Charity hospitals. PMID- 3221389 TI - Structure and characterization of a murine chromosomal fragment containing the interferon beta gene. AB - In this paper we report on the cloning and characterization of the murine interferon (IFN) beta gene. We have isolated and sequenced a 2.8 kb genomic fragment containing the murine IFN beta gene flanked by 1.2 kb 5' and 1 kb 3' untranslated regions (1 kb = 10(3) base-pairs). The mRNA cap site has been defined. An extensive analysis of the flanking sequence is provided and points out striking features such as: the presence of A + T-rich motifs characteristic of transiently expressed mRNAs, and homologies to repetitive R-type element flanks and to hormone-responsive elements. Comparison of the MuIFN beta 5' flanking region with those from other species reveals similarities in the sequences required for the regulated expression of such inducible genes. Computer analysis of the 130 base-pairs preceding the cap site has revealed TGAAAG motifs and shows that the presence of such elements and their permutants have biological significance, according to statistical calculations. Thus, the comparison between the mouse promoter reported here and the promoters from other species highlights the region containing the hexanucleotide blocks, which is strongly conserved. PMID- 3221391 TI - Hemocyanins in spiders. XXII. Range of allosteric interaction in a four-hexamer hemocyanin. Co-operativity and Bohr effect in dissociation intermediates. AB - The range of allosteric interaction in the 24-meric hemocyanin from the tarantula Eurypelma californicum was studied by measuring the oxygen-binding properties of defined oligomeric fragments. Dissociation intermediates comprising 19, 12, 7 or 6 subunits were obtained by incubation of native hemocyanin with 10 mM-cysteine at pH 4.4, with 40 mM-dithiothreitol at pH 7 or 8, by short-term alkaline (pH 9.6) treatment or by treatment with 4 M-urea. These could be stabilized by returning to neutral buffer conditions and, in the case of the dodecamer, by carboxymethylation. Conditions were chosen so that part of the starting material remained intact to serve as control in the oxygen-binding measurements. Oxygen equilibrium curves were obtained by a very sensitive fluorimetric/polarographic method. Oxygen affinity and the magnitude of the Bohr effect remain constant from the hexamer up to the control four-hexamer. Co-operativity, in contrast, increases with aggregate size in two steps: n (hexamer) = n (heptamer) less than n (dodecamer) = n (19-mer) less than n (4-hexamer). The characteristic pH dependence of nH is absent in the hexa- and heptamer but is weakly indicated in the dodecamer, and fully established in the four-hexamer. Results from different preparations are highly consistent, if nH is expressed as a percentage of the control values. Full co-operativity is reached only in the four-hexamer, disproving the dodecameric half-molecule (the smallest repeating unit) as the allosteric unit. The stepwise increase in co-operativity appears to be correlated with higher levels of symmetry in the hierarchy of quaternary structure. PMID- 3221390 TI - Two attached non-rigor crossbridge forms in insect flight muscle. AB - We have performed thin-section electron microscopy on muscle fibers fixed in different mechanically monitored states, in order to identify structural changes in myosin crossbridges associated with force production and maintenance. Tension and stiffness of fibers from glycerinated Lethocerus flight muscle were monitored during a sequence of conditions using AMPPNP and then AMPPNP plus increasing concentrations of ethylene glycol, which brought fibers through a graded sequence from rigor relaxation. Two intermediate crossbridge forms distinct from the rigor or relaxed forms were observed. The first was produced by AMPPNP at 20 degrees C, which reduced isometric tension 60 to 70% below rigor level without reducing rigor stiffness. Electron microscopy of these fibers showed that, in spite of the drop in tension, no obvious change from the 45 degrees crossbridge angle characteristic of rigor occurred. However, the thick filament ends of the crossbridges were altered from their rigor positions, so that they now marked a 14.5 nm repeat, and formed four separate origins at each crossbridge level. The bridges were also less slewed and bent than rigor bridges, as seen in transverse sections. The second crossbridge form was seen in glycol-AMPPNP at 4 degrees C, just below the glycol concentration that produced mechanical relaxation. These fibers retained 90% of rigor stiffness at 40 Hz oscillation, but would not bear sustained tension. Stiffness was also high in the presence of calcium at room temperature under similar conditions. Electron microscopy showed crossbridges projecting from the thick filaments at an angle that centered around 90 degrees, rather than the 45 degree angle familiar from rigor. This coupling of relaxed appearance with persistent stiffness suggests that the 90 degree form may represent a weakly attached crossbridge state like that proposed to precede force development in current models of the crossbridge power stroke. PMID- 3221392 TI - Linear dichroism of the complex between the gene 32 protein of bacteriophage T4 and poly(1,N6-ethenoadenylic acid). AB - We performed linear dichroism measurements in compressed polyacrylamide gels on the complex between the helix-destabilizing protein of bacteriophage T4, GP32 and poly(1,N6-ethenoadenylic acid), which is used as a model system for single stranded DNA. A strong hyperchromism for poly(1,N6-ethenoadenylic acid) in the complex indicates a strongly altered conformation. The positive linear dichroism in the wavelength region where the bases absorb must be explained by a strong tilting of the bases in the complex. This finding is in accordance with results from earlier studies, using electric birefringence and circular dichroism measurements. Our measurements show that the angle between the bases and the local helix axis is 42(+/- 6)degrees. In addition, a pronounced contribution from the tryptophan residues of GP32 can be recognized, indicating that several of these residues have a specific orientation in the complex. The sign of the dichroism due to the tryptophan residues is the same as that due to the DNA bases. However, it is not sufficient to assume that all the observed dichroism is due to one or more intercalated tryptophan residues and there must be one or more additional tryptophan residues that make an angle of less than 40 degrees with the local helix axis. Some possible structures of the DNA-protein complex are discussed. PMID- 3221393 TI - Crystal structure determination, refinement and molecular model of creatine amidinohydrolase from Pseudomonas putida. AB - The three-dimensional crystal structure of creatine amidinohydrolase (creatinase EC 3.5.3.3) from Pseudomonas putida, a dimeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 97,000, has been determined by multiple isomorphous replacement, averaging over the local dyad and restrained crystallographic refinement at 1.9 A with a crystallographic R-value of 17.7%. The asymmetric unit contains a dimer. The two chemically identical subunits consist of 403 residues each. A subunit is built up of two domains, a small N-terminal and a larger C-terminal domain. The small domain has a central seven-stranded beta pleated sheet with short helices on the outside. The large domain forms a six-stranded antiparallel beta half-barrel with helices on the outside. The two domains are connected by a segment that links two helices. The binding site of the competitive inhibitor carbamoyl sarcosine, a close analog of the substrate creatine, is located in the center of the large domain and partly covered by the small domain of the other subunit. The carbamoyl group is tightly co-ordinated to a water molecule, which presumably represents the nucleophile involved in hydrolysis of creatine. A catalytic mechanism is proposed on the basis of this structure. PMID- 3221394 TI - X-ray crystallographic structure of dienelactone hydrolase at 2.8 A. AB - The structure of dienelactone hydrolase, an enzyme of the beta-ketoadipate pathway, has been determined at 2.8 A resolution using multiple isomorphous replacement techniques. An unambiguous assignment of C alpha atoms to electron density has been accomplished and a preliminary identification of the active site made. Dienelactone hydrolase is an alpha/beta protein consisting of an eight stranded beta-pleated sheet with seven parallel strands, surrounded by seven helices. Preliminary enzyme inactivation data and an examination of the atomic model have implicated cysteine 123, histidine 202 and aspartate 171 with the active site of the enzyme. It is believed that the enzymic mechanism of dienelactone hydrolase may be similar to that of the thiol and serine proteases. PMID- 3221395 TI - Determining stereo-specific 1H nuclear magnetic resonance assignments from distance geometry calculations. AB - Stereo-specific 1H nuclear magnetic resonance assignments can be obtained following distance geometry structure calculations. The key to this method is to allow stereo-related atoms or methyls to float between pro-R and pro-S configurations, the final configuration being determined by the experimental constraints. Resonances from stereo-related pairs are given initial random assignments (either pro-R or pro-S) for identifying nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs). A list of distance constraints using these assignments is compiled and a series of structures calculated where the chirality of non-C alpha chiral centers is not constrained; no pseudoatom corrections are required. Calculated structures are both locally and globally well-determined since the assignments rely upon the structure determination rather than the structure quality relying upon stereo specific assignments. The method represents a global approach to determining stereo-specific assignments versus previously reported methods where only intraresidue NOEs and J-coupling information are used. PMID- 3221396 TI - Crystallographic characterization of human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystals. PMID- 3221397 TI - Amino acid substitutions in structurally related proteins. A pattern recognition approach. Determination of a new and efficient scoring matrix. AB - Amino acid substitutions in evolutionarily related proteins have been studied from a structural point of view. We consider here that an amino acid al in a protein p1 has been replaced by the amino acid a2 in the structurally similar protein p2 if, after superposition of the p1 and p2 structures, the a1 and a2 C alpha atoms are no more than 1.2 A apart. Thirty-two proteins, grouped in 11 classes, have been analysed by this method. This produced 2860 amino acid pairs (substitutions), which were analysed by multi-dimensional statistical methods. The main results are as follows: (1) according to the observed exchangeability of amino acid side-chains, only four groups (strong clusters) could be delineated; (i) Ile and Val, (ii) Leu and Met, (iii) Lys, Arg and Gln, and (iv) Tyr and Phe. The other residues could not be classified. (2) The matrix of distances between amino acids, or scoring matrix, determined from this study, is different from any other published matrix. (3) Except for the distance matrices based on the chemical properties of amino acid side-chains, which can be grouped together, all other published matrices are different from one another. (4) The distance matrix determined in this study seems to be very efficient for aligning distantly related protein sequences. PMID- 3221398 TI - Methylation is co-ordinated on the putative replication origins of Physarum ribosomal DNA. AB - In Physarum polycephalum, the ribosomal DNA is found as 60,000 base-pair palindromes. Each rDNA has four symmetrically arranged replication origins flanked by ribosomal RNA genes. A particular sequence, the putative replication origin, is repeated at the approximate position of each origin and nowhere else in the molecule. On a typical rDNA molecule, only one origin is active per replication cycle. We show that both the level and co-ordination of methylation result in asymmetrically methylated rDNA molecules that are particularly hypomethylated at one of their four putative replication origins. This pattern of methylation on a typical rDNA molecule is consistent with a model where hypomethylation is a determinant of origin activity. PMID- 3221399 TI - DNA sequence analysis of the ade6 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Wild-type and mutant alleles including the recombination host spot allele ade6-M26. AB - The gene ade6 is located on chromosome III of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. It codes for the enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase involved in purine biosynthesis. A DNA fragment of 3043 nucleotides has been sequenced. It complements ade6 mutations when present on plasmids. An uninterrupted open reading frame of 552 amino acid residues was identified. A method for the cloning of chromosomal mutations by repair of gapped replication vectors in vivo has been developed. Twelve ade6 mutant alleles have been isolated. The sequence alterations of four mutant alleles have been determined. Among them are the ade6-M26 recombination hot spot mutation and the nearby ade6 M375 control mutation. Both are G to T base substitutions, converting adjacent glycine codons to TGA termination codons. They are suppressed by defined tRNA nonsense suppressors of the UGA type. The ade6-M26 mutation leads to a tenfold increase of the occurrence of conversion tetrads in comparison with other ade6 mutations. Possible explanations for the M26-induced increase of recombination frequency are discussed in relation to specific features of the nucleotide sequence identified in the region of the M26 mutation. PMID- 3221400 TI - Ribonucleoprotein complexes of R17 coat protein and a translational operator analog. AB - The coat protein of the simple spherical (triangulation no. T = 3) RNA coliphage R17 protects the genomic RNA in the virus particle and acts as a translational repressor of the phage-encoded replicase gene. It has been suggested that these two functions are related and that the translational repression complex serves as a nucleation complex for subsequent assembly of the bacteriophage. We have used a translational operation fragment to examine the relationship between formation of the translational repression complex and the assembly of the protein into T = 3 capsids. In vitro analysis of the aggregation properties of R17 coat protein reveals that binding of the translational operator fragment to the protein dimer triggers polymerization of the protein into T = 3 capsids of well-defined composition. The data further implicate the translational operator in nucleation of assembly and suggest a possible physical-chemical basis of the nucleation step. PMID- 3221401 TI - Roles of operator and non-operator RNA sequences in bacteriophage R17 capsid assembly. AB - In order to understand the role of sequences other than the translational operator on bacteriophage R17 assembly, in vitro capsid assembly was studied with R17 coat protein and a variety of RNAs. For a series of RNA oligomers of the same chain length, sequences that bind coat protein dimer with a lower affinity require higher concentrations of RNA and protein for assembly. Among a series of non-specific RNA molecules of differing lengths, lower protein and RNA concentrations are required for assembly of capsids containing longer RNAs. For RNA molecules of any length, the presence of a single high-affinity translational operator sequence lowered the concentration requirements for capsid assembly. However, the advantage for encapsidation provided by the operator sequence is small for large RNA molecules. The experiments indicate that in the overall assembly process the interaction of coat protein with non-specific sequences is at least as important as its interaction with the specific translational operator sequence. In light of the data, a mechanism of achieving selective packaging of the R17 genomic RNA in vivo is discussed. PMID- 3221402 TI - Photofootprint of nucleosome core DNA in intact chromatin having different structural states. AB - Recently, we reported that the distribution of ultraviolet light (u.v.) induced pyrimidine dimers in nucleosome core DNA has a striking 10.3(+/- 0.1) base periodicity and the regions of enhanced quantum yield map to positions where DNA strands are farthest from the core histone surface. Improvement of the mapping procedure has allowed us to analyze this distribution in more detail, and compare the distribution pattern for nucleosome cores from intact chromatin having different higher-order structures (from the 10 nm filament to the 30 nm fiber). At all levels of chromatin compaction, we observed the following. (1) The average periodicity in pyrimidine dimer yield is 10.3 bases. (2) The peak-to-peak spacing in this distribution is significantly different from 10.3 bases in the region covering three helix turns immediately 5' of the dyad axis. (3) There is a suppression of photoproduct formation in the region of the dyad axis, especially at position 84 from the 5' end. (4) The approximately 10 base ensembles have alternating peak intensities throughout core DNA. Furthermore, peak deconvolution analysis of the pyrimidine dimer pattern yielded a striking similarity in photoproduct yield for the different levels of chromatin compaction. Irradiation of isolated core DNA yields a much more random distribution of photoproducts, although a weak modulation pattern is observed (indicating that there is a non random alignment of adjacent pyrimidines in our core DNA preparations). This pattern includes a depression in photoproduct yield near position 95, suggesting that the sequence in this region plays a role in nucleosome positioning. These results show that the u.v. photofootprint is a sensitive, diagnostic probe of core histone-DNA interactions in intact chromatin, and these interactions are not significantly altered by changes in the structural state of the chromatin fiber. PMID- 3221403 TI - Two-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance study of pike pI 5.0 parvalbumin (Esox lucius). Sequential resonance assignments and folding of the polypeptide chain. AB - The structure of alpha pike 5.0 parvalbumin under its Ca-loaded form (or PaCa2) is studied in solution by two-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) at 360 MHz using a conventional strategy of sequential assignments, which involved correlated spectroscopy, relayed coherence transfer spectroscopy and nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy. In order to overcome the problem of spectral overlapping due to the presence of 108 residues in the protein, experiments were performed at different pH and temperature values, either in 1H2O or in 2H2O solutions. The amino acid sequence of pike 5.0 parvalbumin is thus fully characterized by nearly the totality of its NH, C alpha H and C beta H resonances originating from the different residues (421 protons assigned among 429 in total). When associated with the remaining side resonances, these sequence specific assignments provide a basis for establishing the secondary organization and tertiary folding of the polypeptide chain. Pike 5.0 parvalbumin was selected as a characteristic representative of the alpha phylogenic series, for which no crystalline structure is presently available, in contrast with the beta series for which two crystalline structures have been determined. A parvalbumin molecule with a single polypeptide chain of 108 amino acids represents one of the highest molecular weights analyzed so far by two-dimensional n.m.r. spectroscopy. The use of a moderate magnetic field strength, with 1H nuclei resonating at 360 MHz, is justified by the fact that ring current effects are operating favorably in this globular protein with a high phenylalanine content. A three-dimensional structure has been generated by the "distance geometry" or DISGEO computational procedure on the basis of about 450 interproton nuclear Overhauser enhancement connectives (short, medium and long-range) in conjunction with a selection of phi and chi dihedral angle constraints. The coherence of the calculated structure, which displays all the features of the typical folding of a parvalbumin protein, provides a good test of reliability of the n.m.r. data collected so far. Although similar to a beta parvalbumin in the folding of its polypeptide chain, the alpha parvalbumin studied here differs markedly from a beta parvalbumin in the length of its C-terminal F-helix domain, which includes 11 residues instead of ten in the latter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3221404 TI - Cochlea in old world mice and rats (Muridae). AB - Morphometric analysis of the cochlea was performed in wild and laboratory murids: Mus musculus, Apodemus sylvaticus, Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, NMRI mouse, and Wistar rat. Results are based on light microscopic examination of surface specimens and serial sections and on three-dimensional computer reconstruction. The cochleae have 1.75-2.2 coils. The length of the basilar membrane varies from 6.0 to 12.1 mm. Mean density of outer hair cells ranges between 363 and 411, inner hair cells 98 and 121, neurons 1,230 and 1,760 per 1 mm. Following parameters change from base to apex: basilar membrane width 66.0 (+/- 8.2) to 175.0 (+/- 24.7) microns, basilar membrane thickness 17.0 (+/- 2.6) to 1.9 (+/- 0.1) microns, width of triad of outer hair cells 13.2 (+/- 0.7) to 28.8 (+/- 4.4) microns. The given numbers are mean "murid" values (with respective standard deviations). Maximum of dimensions of scalae is located at 10-15%, that of density of outer hair cells at 65%, density of inner hair cells at 2.8 mm, maximum of innervation density at 40-60% from the base. The following parameters are correlated with pinna size: length and maximum width of basilar membrane, dimensions of scalae, total number of receptors, and probably resolution capabilities. The following parameters are correlated with body size: maximum width of triad of outer hair cells, density and total number of neurons, ratio of neurons to receptors, apicobasal difference in basilar membrane stiffness and width of triad of outer hair cells; inversely proportional is receptor density and ratio of outer to inner hair cells and probably low-frequency cut-off. Thickness, and minimum width of basilar membrane and triad of outer hair cells and probably high-frequency cutoff are species-specific and independent of pinna or body size. The parameters mentioned indicate that the examined murids are acoustically unspecialized mammals and their cochleae approximate the generalized plan for a mammalian cochlea. Differences between domesticated and wild murids are stated. PMID- 3221406 TI - Ultrastructure of trophoblast giant cell transformation during the invasive stage of implantation of the mouse embryo. AB - The fine structure of abembryonic and mural trophoblast cells of mouse embryos was analyzed during the initial stages of invasion of the endometrial stroma by the embryo (days 6-8 of pregnancy). On day 6 of pregnancy, most trophoblastic cells are flat and have spindle-shaped nuclei. A few large, round trophoblastic cells (giant cells) are present at the abembryonic pole. As pregnancy proceeds through days 7 and 8, the area occupied by the trophoblast becomes larger because of an increase in the trophoblastic cell population, growth of giant cells, and rearrangement of the latter cells into a network containing maternal blood. As flat cells transform into giant cells, their content of ribosomes, granular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, lysosomelike bodies, and heterophagosomes increases. Reichert's membrane is always lined by cell bodies or by laminar processes of trophoblastic cells that are provided with small pores. Transformation of flat cells into giant cells is associated with an activation of the giant cells and their acquisition of invasive behavior. PMID- 3221405 TI - Ultrastructure of the nephron of the one-humped camel, Camelus dromedarius. AB - The nephron of the one-humped camel Camelus dromedarius was investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Besides the many features common to other mammalian kidneys, the nephron of the camel is unique in having an unusually thick basal lamina underlying the epithelial cells of the nephron, the thickest being found in part of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and the thin limb of the loop of Henle. In the latter, the membrane usually appears lamellated and contains numerous tiny vesicles. In other parts of the nephron, the basal lamina usually has a homogenous appearance. The possible significance of the thickening of the basal lamina is discussed in relation to the general high renal efficiency of the camel. PMID- 3221407 TI - Bound calcium and force development in skinned cardiac muscle bundles: effect of sarcomere length. AB - There is evidence that the steep ascending limb of the force-length curve in cardiac muscle (Frank-Starling relation) is based on a length-dependence of myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Previous work from this laboratory has indicated that in the sarcomere length range corresponding to the ascending limb of the cardiac force length curve (1.7 to 2.3 microns) the Ca2+-troponin C affinity is length-dependent. In this study Ca2+ binding to chemically skinned bovine cardiac muscle bundles was measured during ATP-induced force generation with fiber bundles having sarcomere lengths of 2.2 to 2.4 microns and 1.6 to 1.8 microns. A double isotope technique was used to make concurrent determinations of the force pCa and bound Ca2+-pCa relationships. At the longer sarcomere lengths the fibers bound, at saturation, an amount of Ca2+ equivalent to approximately 3 mol Ca2+/mol troponin C. Force development appeared to be coupled to titration of the single, low-affinity Ca2+-specific site. In the pCa range 7.0 to 6.0 sarcomere length had no effect on Ca2+ binding. In the pCa range 6.0 to 5.0, in which force increased steeply, there was, in addition to a decreased relative force, a significant reduction in bound Ca2+ at the shorter sarcomere length. Thus sarcomere length appears to influence the Ca2+ binding properties of the regulatory site on troponin C. These data provide direct evidence that length dependent modulation of Ca2+-troponin C affinity may make a major contribution to the force-length relationship in cardiac muscle. PMID- 3221409 TI - Regulation of calcium uptake in bovine aortic sarcoplasmic reticulum by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. AB - The effect of cAMP-dependent protein kinase on calcium uptake and protein phosphorylation in bovine aortic microsomes was examined. Acid gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the aortic microsomes contained a Ca2+ dependent, hydroxylamine-sensitive phosphoenzyme (Mr 110 kDa), characteristic of the calcium pump in sarcoplasmic reticulum, but showed no evidence of a sarcolemmal calcium pump. Calcium uptake by these aortic vesicles was markedly stimulated by oxalate, whereas calcium uptake by canine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles was oxalate-independent. Both cAMP plus protein kinase (cAMP-PK) and catalytic subunit of protein kinase stimulated oxalate-supported calcium uptake by bovine aortic microsomes 23 +/- 3% (P less than 0.05) at 0.3 microM Ca2+, but had no effect at 6 to 10 microM Ca2+. Catalytic subunit of protein kinase and cAMP-PK phosphorylated an 11 kDa protein in bovine aortic microsomes which comigrated with canine cardiac phospholamban after boiling in sodium dodecylsulfate. The stoichiometry of the aortic 11 kDa phosphoprotein to 110 kDa phosphoenzyme was approximately 1:1. These data are consistent with the recent identification of phospholamban in various smooth muscles, and suggest that cAMP mediated vascular relaxation may in part be attributable to stimulation of calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3221408 TI - Force transient time course in heart muscle with high and low V1 to V3 myosin isoenzyme ratio. AB - Values of mechanical and biochemical indicators of muscle performance measured in heart muscle having mostly the V1 isoenzyme of myosin are different than measurements of the same indicators made in muscle having mostly the V3 isoenzyme of myosin. It has been suggested that these differences in performance indicators might be attributable to subtle differences in myosin-actin crossbridge cycling kinetics between the V1 and the V3 isoforms of myosin. To investigate this, we derived information about myosin-actin cycling kinetics from the time course of force transients following rapid small amplitude length releases applied to chemically "skinned", isometrically contracting trabeculae from the hearts of normal (greater than = 90% V1) and propylthiouracil treated (greater than = 90% V3) rats. The rate constant for rapid force recovery measured in trabeculae from normal rats was twice that measured in trabeculae from treated rats (88.8 +/- 18.8 (n = 12) vs. 43.7 +/- 6.5 (n = 10)/s, mean +/- S.D.). We interpret this difference in rate constants as evidence that the kinetics of at least one step in the interaction of myosin with actin depends on the isoenzyme of myosin present in the heart. PMID- 3221410 TI - Ultrastructural localization of calcium in the myocardium of cardiomyopathic syrian hamsters. AB - Cardiomyopathy of the Syrian hamster is characterized by myocardial calcium overload and focal myocardial necrosis. The cause of the myocardial calcium overload is not yet fully understood. In this study, the ultrastructural localization of calcium was determined in normal hamster hearts and in non necrotic and necrotic myocardium of cardiomyopathic hamsters (strain BIO 82.62). In many cells from the non-necrotic myocardium of the cardiomyopathic hamsters the calcium deposits, visible as 20 nm particles, were confined to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, the T-tubules and the intercalated disks. This corresponds to the calcium distribution found in normal hamsters and other mammalian species. A number of morphologically normal cells, however, displayed an increased amount of calcium precipitate in the mitochondria as well as at the sarcolemma indicating that, in the cardiomyopathic hamster, focal calcium overload is detectable cytochemically in cells which otherwise do not show gross abnormalities. In cells showing morphological signs of myolytic degeneration a marked redistribution of calcium precipitate took place. Sarcolemma became devoid of calcium deposits whereas an enormous amount of clustered precipitate occurred in largely swollen mitochondria. These data are in support of a relationship between impaired ion homeostasis and degeneration events in cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, there appears to be a clear parallelism in calcium redistribution between hypoxic and cardiomyopathic myocardium. PMID- 3221411 TI - Primary health care--10 years on! PMID- 3221413 TI - The clinical epidemiology of hypernatraemia in diarrhoea during treatment with oral rehydration in Egypt. PMID- 3221412 TI - Breast feeding practices in metropolitan Indonesia: policy considerations. PMID- 3221414 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in Turkey: epidemiological features. PMID- 3221415 TI - Immunization in India: contribution of Integrated Child Development Services scheme to expanded programme of immunization. PMID- 3221416 TI - Relationship between maternal serum vitamin A and vitamin A status of the corresponding fetuses. PMID- 3221417 TI - Kerosene poisoning in children in Riyadh. PMID- 3221418 TI - A 10-year review of morbidity from childhood preventable diseases in Nigeria: how successful is the Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI)? PMID- 3221419 TI - The impact of South African destabilization on maternal and child health in Mozambique. PMID- 3221420 TI - Behavioural factors in diarrhoeal illness among Bangladeshi infants. PMID- 3221421 TI - Food and nutrient intake of preschool children of coastal India. PMID- 3221422 TI - Sports, science and ergonomics: the overlap. PMID- 3221423 TI - Use of submaximal measures of perceived exertion during bicycle ergometer exercise as predictors of maximal work capacity. AB - Submaximal measures of perceived exertion, aches and pain in the legs, heart rate and blood lactate were made in a bicycle ergometer test. Their predictability of maximal work capacity, measured as Wmax, was studied. Twenty-eight males in good physical condition served as subjects and cycled in a graded exercise test up to a voluntary maximum. The reliability coefficients for both the psychophysical variables--measured on Borg's CR-10 scale--and heart rate were high. Provided that a proposed preliminary division of the subjects into subgroups with regard to their physical fitness was undertaken, the regression analyses showed that the psychophysical variables were the best predictors of Wmax. Linear and curvilinear predictions, graphic or calculated, had lower explained variance but also showed that the psychophysical variables are good predictors of maximal work capacity. PMID- 3221424 TI - Intraseason changes in the body composition of collegiate female gymnasts. AB - Body composition measures were collected pre-, mid- and post-season on a team of eight national-calibre collegiate women gymnasts to examine intraseason changes. Also analysed were interseason changes using pre- and post-season data on five of the eight subjects during the current and previous year, according to a 2 x 2 (years x tests) analysis of variance repeated-measures design. Skinfold, circumference and diameter measures were collected with percentage body fat, lean body mass and body density determined by regression equations developed specifically for collegiate female gymnasts. Intraseason body weight decreased significantly from pre- to mid-season (means = 55.0 and 53.6 kg respectively); but the difference between mid- and post-season (53.9 kg) values was not significant (P greater than 0.05). The majority of the 1.4 kg weight loss occurred during intense pre-season conditioning and not during the actual season. Percentage body fat, on the other hand, decreased significantly from pre- to mid season and mid- to post-season (means = 21.4%, 17.4% and 13.45% respectively; P less than 0.0005). Body density increased significantly from pre- to mid-season and mid- to post-season (means = 1.0476, 1.0584 and 1.0681 respectively; P greater than 0.0005). Of the circumference and skinfold values used in calculating percentage body fat and body density, only the skinfold values displayed significant decreases throughout the season. Interseason analyses revealed no significant changes in any of the dependent measures between seasons, despite consistent trends. There were no significant years x tests interactions and all intraseason changes for two seasons (n = 5) were the same as those found in more detailed analysis of a single season (n = 8) except in the case of weight loss, which was marginally significant (P less than 0.046) in the single-season and not in the dual-season analysis (P greater than 0.05). Body composition of these gymnasts changed in many ways within competitive seasons. The most pronounced changes observed were decreases in subcutaneous fat and increases in body density. This study reinforces the need for administrators, coaches and athletes to be concerned with percentage body fat and skinfold measures rather than weight alone when determining if a person is 'fat'. PMID- 3221425 TI - Impaired pulmonary and cardiac function after maximal exercise. AB - The cardiopulmonary response to maximal rowing exercise of short duration was studied in six healthy well-trained oarsmen. The lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was significantly decreased below the pre-exercise value for 2.5 days post-exercise (P less than 0.05). Residual volume (RV) showed a significantly increased value at 30 min of recovery (P less than 0.01) with no change in total lung capacity. There was no significant change in transthoracic electrical impedance following exercise but a decrease may have been masked by the increased RV. The changes in the pulmonary parameters may reflect the occurrence of a transient interstitial lung oedema. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction may be a part of the cardiopulmonary response as peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was significantly reduced at 30 min of recovery. The reason for the increase in pulmonary extravascular water volume may be a marked distension of the lung capillaries due to increased blood volume in the lungs and as a consequence increased vascular permeability. The changes may also be caused by impaired myocardial contractility indicated by a split impedance dZ/dt waveform, not previously described in healthy persons, which occurred in all six subjects immediately following exercise. PMID- 3221426 TI - The muscle activity paradox during circular rhythmic leg movements. AB - A cyclist's legs make a simple 360 degrees circular and rhythmic movement, activated by a simple flexion-extension function in a sagittal plane. However, because of the simultaneous combination of leg rotation in the hip, knee and ankle joint with translation of the upper body, the general motion becomes quite complex. This complexity is increased by the anatomical interpretations of EMG readings taken during the pedalling cycle, indicating a high activity of 'flexor' muscles during the downward 'extension' of the leg (0-90 degrees propulsion phase of the pedalling cycle). This calls for an anatomical paradox. In order to verify these interpretations, the activity of six lower limb muscles was measured under field circumstances on nine elite cyclists using a portable EMG data acquisition system and active surface electrodes allowing remote (non-telemetric) monitoring of the cyclists' muscle activity patterns. Measurements were made during a 1000 m submaximal but constant effort and during a 200 m sprint. Confirmation of the anatomical paradox was found in both test circumstances. Analyses of the normalized EMG in combination with torque values of both hip and knee during the pedalling cycle indicate a zero torque at 135 degrees for the knee, while at this same angle the overall extensor activity ends in one leg and starts simultaneously in the other leg (at 315 degrees). Since the propulsion does not continue until 180 degrees, the flexor muscles have to be activated before the extension activity ends in order to generate the continuation of the circular motion until (and beyond) the bottom dead centre (180 degrees).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221427 TI - [Clinical research on transfer of cefpiramide to the blood and large intestinal tissue in patients with cancer of the large bowel]. AB - Cefpiramide (CPM) shows antibacterial activity against Staphylococci, Enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and anaerobic Bacteroides spp. CPM is a cephalosporin antibiotic which also exhibits antibacterial activity against Klebsiella and intestinal bacteria including Escherichia coli. Concentrations in blood of CPM which has antibacterial activity against main bacterial species detected during gastrointestinal surgeries and concentration transferred to the large intestinal tissue were measured in patients with cancer of the large intestine. Eighteen patients who were hospitalized and underwent large intestinal surgery from December, 1985 to March, 1987 were examined as subjects. CPM was administered at a dose 1 g each of 11 cases and 2 g to each of 7 cases. Concentrations in blood after administration of 1 g of CPM were in a range of 81.56-212.6 micrograms/ml between 25 minutes and 2 hours 20 minutes after administration, and concentrations in the large intestinal tissue were in a 14.17 66.95 micrograms/g range. Ratios of the tissue to the blood concentrations were 0.08-0.49, averaging 0.24 +/- 0.05. Concentrations in blood after administration of 2 g of CPM were 128.4-253.5 micrograms/ml between 1 hour 10 minutes and 3 hours 50 minutes after administration. Tissue concentrations were 48.33-116.5 micrograms/g between 1 hour 10 minutes and 5 hours 15 minutes after administration. Ratios of the tissue to the blood concentrations were 0.21-0.55, averaging 0.42 +/- 0.05 between 1 hour 10 minutes and 3 hours 5 minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221428 TI - [Clinical laboratory approach in estimating the effective dosage of cefamandole]. AB - Reliability of the cefamandole (CMD) disc susceptibility test in estimating approximate values of MICs was studied using various clinical isolates totaling 246 strains with Showa discs (8 mm diameter containing 30 micrograms of CMD). Clinical significance of a 4 category system for the interpretation of the CMD disc tests, which is normally used in Japan, was also evaluated to determine whether this system would be suitable or not for the evaluation of a proper dose of administration. The results obtained with the disc method were compared with MICs determined using the agar dilution method at an inoculum level of 10(6) CFU/ml. The results of the CMD disc susceptibility test were well correlated with MICs, showing the reliability of the disc method to estimate approximate values of MICs. Break points in MIC values proposed for the classification of bacteria into 4 categories of susceptibility are () MIC less than or equal to 3 micrograms/ml, (++) MIC greater than 3-15 micrograms/ml, (+) MIC greater than 15 60 micrograms/ml, (-) MIC greater than 60 micrograms/ml. Only 4 (1.6%) out the 246 strains tested showed false positive results and 11 (4.5%) showed false negative results, showing the excellent reliability of this test. In this study, approximately 90% of strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis isolated from clinical materials randomly were inhibited by CMD at concentrations less than 3.13 micrograms/ml. Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter aerogenes were sensitive to CMD at 67 and 69% of strains, respectively, at concentrations below 6.25 micrograms/ml. CMD was not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis. About 90% of Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited at dose levels smaller than 6.25 micrograms/ml and 70% of the strains at levels less than 3.13 micrograms/ml. Susceptibilities to 15 micrograms/ml CMD of highly methicillin-resistant strains (MIC greater than 30 micrograms/ml) of S. aureus were examined. Ten of 12 strains examined were found susceptible to CMD, but only 6 of the 12 to cefmetazole. Imipenem/cilastatin was effective to 5 of the 12 strains at levels lower than 3 micrograms/ml and to one at a level less than 15 micrograms/ml. Minocycline was effective against 11 strains at concentrations below 2 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3221429 TI - [Efficacy of ceftriaxone against infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Ceftriaxone (CTRX), a newly developed cephalosporin antibiotic, was administered to patients with various bacterial infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. 1. Two grams of CTRX was administered once daily by drip infusion for a total dosage of 6 g to 20 g to each of 3 cases of intrauterine infection, 1 case of adnexitis, 1 case of intrapelvic infection and 2 cases of infection of the external genitalia. 2. Clinical efficacy of CTRX was good in all cases. No laboratory abnormalities were observed nor subjective or objective adverse reactions occurred during the treatment. The administration of CTRX at a dose of 2 g once daily is a clinically convenient treatment regimen, and its results in satisfactory clinical efficacy. PMID- 3221431 TI - [Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a +rokitamycin dry syrup in children]. AB - Twenty five children were treated with rokitamycin (RKM) and its clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 13 days to 10 years. Doses of RKM ranged 17.1-39.3 mg/kg/day for 2.3 to 17.7 days. Twenty four patients including 8 Mycoplasma pneumonia, 5 bronchopneumonia, 6 bronchitis, 2 streptococcosis, 1 otitis media, 1 tonsillitis and 1 Chlamydia conjunctivitis were evaluated for clinical efficacy. Results were excellent in 7, good in 12, fair in 4, and poor in 1 patient. One patient was excluded from the evaluation, because the patient was treated with erythromycin before entering this study. Out of the 25 patients, 3 cases showed eosinophilia, 2 cases showed elevated GOT and GPT but no adverse clinical signs due to RKM were observed. The pharmacokinetics of RKM was studied in 5 patients whose ages ranged from 8 to 12 years. Plasma peak concentrations of RKM in 2 patients were 0.14 and 0.16 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after doses of 5 mg/kg. Peak concentrations in 3 patients ranged from 0.32 to 1.02 micrograms/ml after doses of 10 mg/kg. Portions of the drug excreted into urine within 6 hours were 0.49 and 1.03% in 2 patients each of whom was given doses of 5 mg/kg, and ranged from 1.16 to 1.30% in 3 patients, each given 10 mg/kg. Metabolic products in urine within 4 hours after doses of 5 to 10 mg/kg were studied in 4 patients. Leucomycin A7 and leucomycin V accounted for almost 90% of all the related compounds excreted. PMID- 3221430 TI - [Appraisal of rokitamycin in the pediatric field]. AB - In a study of rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup for its usefulness in pediatric infections, the following results were obtained: 1. Frequencies of RKM-resistant strains among fresh isolates from sick children were very low, and 4.4% of 68 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 4.2% of 48 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and none of 96 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes were found to be RKM-resistant. 2. Hypo- to achlorhydria was found in 2 (3.77%) of 53 children. 3. When children were administered once orally with 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg of RKM dry syrup at fasting, mean peak values of plasma concentration were 0.25, 0.55 and 0.74 micrograms/ml with a T1/2 (beta) of 2.18, 1.97 and 2.00 hours, respectively. Urinary recovery rates during the first 0-6 hours were quite low, and values were 1.21, 1.38 and 2.23%, respectively. 4. The clinical efficacy of RKM dry syrup was studied on children chiefly with acute pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumonia and tonsillitis. Among 379 children from whom pathogens had been determined, responses to the treatment were excellent in 186, good in 144, fair in 24, poor in 20 and unknown in 5 patients, the overall efficacy rate being 88.2%. Among all 598 treated patients, including those with undetermined pathogens, responses were excellent in 247, good in 269, fair in 42, poor in 35 and unknown in 5 patients, the efficacy rate being 87.0%. 5. The clinical efficacy of the drug in treating Chlamydia infection in 12 patients including a Chlamydia carrier and the clinical efficacy in treating Campylobacter enteritis in 36 patients were studied. All the cases showed "good" responses. Among 66 patients with mycoplasmal pneumonia, responses were excellent in 33 and good in 27 patients, with an efficacy rate of 90.9%. 6. The optimal dose of RKM dry syrup seemed to be in the range between 20 and 40 mg/kg. It appeared, however, that a dose of about 40 mg/kg would be required to eradicate the pathogen from the pharynx in S. pyogenes infection. 7. Adverse reactions to RKM dry syrup were found in 9 (1.45%) of 622 patients. The reactions were gastrointestinal symptoms except eruption occurred in 1 patient, but they were all mild. Laboratory examinations revealed eosinophilia in 19 and abnormal hepatic enzyme activities in 8 of 455 patients studied, but such abnormalities were all transient and mild. PMID- 3221432 TI - [Clinical results of a rokitamycin dry syrup in pediatric infections]. AB - Clinical efficacies of a new macrolide antibiotic, rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q), were studied in acute pediatric infections. Responses to the RKM administration were evaluable in 62 out of 68 patients consisted of 7 patients with pharyngitis (efficacy rate of 85.7%, 6/7 patients), 4 with bronchitis (25.0%, 1/4), 9 with tonsillitis (100%, 9/9), 13 with mycoplasmal pneumonia (100%, 13/13), 13 with hemolytic streptococcal infections (92.3%, 12/13), 14 with pneumonia (57.1%, 8/14), one with pertussis (100%, 1/1) and another with Chlamydia pneumonia (100%, 1/1) thus an overall efficacy rate of 82.3% was achieved. Urticaria was observed in one of the patients as an adverse reaction to the drug, while abnormal laboratory test results were noted in 3 patients, but none of such changes were severe. The drug, even when administered in combination with a theophylline preparation, exerted no effects on the serum concentration of the latter. PMID- 3221433 TI - [Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies of rokitamycin in children]. AB - Rokitamycin dry syrup (RKM), a new macrolide antibiotic preparation, was evaluated for its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in 19 children. RKM was effective in mycoplasmal pneumonia, Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonitis and Campylobacter gastroenteritis. Efficacies of RKM in streptococcal pharyngitis and Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia, however, were insufficient. Pharmacokinetic observations seemed to indicate that RKM achieved higher blood concentrations than older macrolides, but a large individual variation was observed. Diarrhea which was the only type of side effect observed in our cases, was encountered in 2 of 17 evaluable cases. From these data, RKM seems to have a place in the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases. PMID- 3221434 TI - [Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of a rokitamycin syrup in pediatrics]. AB - Rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup was administered to a group of pediatric patients. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Of the recent isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes, fewer strains were highly resistant to RKM than to josamycin (JM), midecamycin (MDM), erythromycin and lincomycin. Also, macrolides (MLs)-resistant strains proved to be susceptible to RKM. 2. Recent isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, group G Streptococci, S. pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were more susceptible to RKM than to midecamycin acetate and JM. Oral administrations of 10 15 mg/kg of the drug were followed by its peak concentrations of 0.07-0.77 micrograms/ml in the blood at 30 minutes in many patients, and by an undetectable level at 6 hours also in many of them. T1/2 values were 1.2-2.6 hours, and first 6-hour urinary excretion rates were 1.26-1.74%. 3. Fifty-two patients with acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections, Campylobacter enteritis, etc. were treated with RKM at about 20-40 mg/kg daily for 4-14 days, with an overall efficacy rate of 88.5%. 4. An eradication rate of 81.4% was achieved for 43 strains of 7 species isolated from the patients. 5. No abnormal laboratory test values were observed after treatment with drug 4 approximately 14 days. A side effect, stomach discomfort, was observed in 1 patient. PMID- 3221435 TI - [Studies on efficacy, safety and dosage of rokitamycin in the treatment of pediatric infections]. AB - The usefulness of a new macrolide antibiotic rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q) was evaluated in the field of pediatrics. 1. Twenty seven patients were enrolled in the study. One patient was excluded from the study because the illness was due to a viral infection. They included 14 boys and 13 girls with ages 7 months to 9 years 11 months. 2. The patients were treated with RKM at daily doses ranging 19.2-41.1 mg/kg, divided into 3 equal portions. The administration was done orally at fasting, lasting 2-15 days, with total doses of 22.2-500.0 mg/kg. 3. The patients were diagnostically classified into the following categories: 9 with acute pharyngitis, 15 with acute bronchitis, and one each with pneumonia, purulent lymphadenitis and Campylobacter enteritis. 4. The clinical response to the treatment was good or excellent in 22 of the patients with an overall efficacy rate of 81.5%. An efficacy rate of 88.9% was achieved for the patients with acute pharyngitis, 80.0% for those with acute bronchitis, and 100% for the patient with purulent lymphadenitis and the patient with Campylobacter enteritis. From the patient with pneumonia whose response was evaluated "fair" was Haemophilus influenzae isolated by culturing pharyngeal material. This organism was found resistant to RKM by the disk method. 5. Bacteriological responses were as follows; of 26 isolates presumed to be pathogens, 9 were eradicated, 5 decreased, 7 unchanged and 5 unknown, with an eradication rate of 42.9%. 6. Neither adverse reactions nor abnormal changes in laboratory findings were observed with the medication in any patients during and after the end of the treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221436 TI - [Studies on plasma levels and clinical efficacy of rokitamycin in pediatrics]. AB - Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q), a new macrolide antibiotic, were carried out. RKM was administered orally to 14 patients with congenital heart diseases before cardiocatheterization and angiography. Peak plasma levels of RKM were observed at 30 minutes after the administration at dosages of 5, 10, 15 mg/kg. Although the reason is not clear, there were great variations among plasma levels. Peak plasma levels of patients with relatively good absorption were high enough against bacteria such as beta hemolytic Streptococcus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Clinical responses were evaluated in 5 children comprising 2 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, 2 cases of Chlamydia infection and 1 case of beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis. All of these cases had excellent or good responses without any side effect. Furthermore, no child refused to take RKM dry syrup. PMID- 3221437 TI - [A clinical study of rokitamycin in pediatrics]. AB - A total of 29 patients with pediatric infections was treated orally with 21.4 44.4 mg/kg/day of rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Clinical responses to RKM in 24 evaluable patients were excellent in 2 and good in 3 of 5 patients with tonsillitis and laryngitis; excellent in 3 and good in 5 of 8 patients with bronchitis; excellent in 3, good in 2 and fair in one of 6 patients with bronchopneumonia; excellent in 2 and good in the other of 3 patients with psittacosis; and excellent in 2 of 2 patients with Campylobacter colitis. The overall efficacy rate was 95.8%. 2. Bacteriological responses to the drug were: reduction in 1 and no change in the other of 2 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes; eradication of a strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus; eradication of 2 and no change in 3 of 5 strains of Haemophilus influenzae; and eradication of 2 out of 2 strains of Campylobacter spp. 3. Diarrhea was complained of as an adverse reaction to the RKM medication by 1 patient, abdominal pain was reported by another, and anorexia by another of the 27 patients treated. Laboratory examination was performed on some patients, but not abnormal test values were found except in 1 case showing an increase in platelet count from 27.6 to 78.2 X 10(4)/mm8. The results suggested that RKM dry syrup might be a very useful and safe drug for the treatment of pediatric infections. PMID- 3221438 TI - Effectiveness of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration for patients with refractory heart failure. AB - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) was carried out in 8 patients with refractory congestive heart failure. All these patients had heart failure and oliguria for over 24 hours and intensive treatment with digitalis, diuretics, catecholamines and vasodilators was prescribed. Hemodynamics were followed closely during CAVH. During CAVH, pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were significantly reduced in all patients, the right atrial pressure decreased in 6 with right cardiac failure, the heart rate decreased in 3 with tachycardia and the blood pressure and cardiac index were elevated in 3 with hypotension. These observations show that CAVH can be performed safely and effectively in patients with congestive heart failure, oliguria and hypotension. PMID- 3221440 TI - Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction by myoglobin latex agglutination test. AB - Early elevation of the serum myoglobin level in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been noted for years. In this study, 39 patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit with acute chest pain within 72 hours (mean 12 +/- 15 hours) or electrocardiographic changes suspected of acute myocardial infarction had a serum myoglobin latex agglutination test to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy in acute myocardial infarction. Of these 39 patients, 24 had documented acute myocardial infarction as their final diagnosis. By the time of admission, 18 of the 24 cases with infarction had positive myoglobin tests (sensitivity 75%). Of those 15 cases without myocardial infarction, 13 had negative myoglobin tests (specificity 87%). If only those 17 cases admitted within 5 hours of the onset of chest pain were analyzed, the serum myoglobin test became positive in 8 of 10 cases with documented AMI but the 2 cases with negative results turned positive 2 hours later (sensitivity 80% to 100%). Due to the fact that myoglobin tests were negative in all other 7 cases without infarction, the specificity was 7/7 (100%). In contrast, the creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme study was positive only in 3 of these 10 patients with documented AMI in the first blood sample taken during admission. In conclusion, the serum myoglobin latex agglutination test is a quick and reliable method that helps in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3221442 TI - A new method for recording a three-lead electrocardiogram using a two-channel Holter system. AB - A technique for recording a three-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) without increasing the number of channels and electrodes in a commercially available two-channel Holter recorder was devised. On channel 1, a V5-like lead (CM5 lead) was recorded for 24 consecutive hours. On channel 2, the device could switch continuously between a V2-like lead (CM2 lead) and a II- or III- or a VF-like lead (CMf lead) every 30 sec. Fifty eight patients with angina pectoris were studied using this new device. There were 2 patients with variant angina pectoris, one of whom showed ST elevation in the CM2 lead coupled with ST depression in the CMf lead and the other ST elevation in the CMf lead coupled with ST depression in the CM2 lead. The number of patients having ST depression confined to the CM5 lead only, CM2 lead only and CMf lead only was 17, 2 and 3, respectively. In 41 patients, 127 transient episodes of ischemic type ST changes were observed during daily activity. Only 35 (28%) of these episodes were associated with anginal symptoms and the remaining 92 episodes occurred unrelated to such symptoms. Accordingly, 3 lead Holter monitoring using this device is useful, particularly for the detection of variant angina, and makes it less likely for asymptomatic ischemic ST changes to be overlooked as compared to the 2-lead conventional Holter monitoring system. PMID- 3221439 TI - Effect of nifedipine, dilazep, dinitrates and propranolol on blood lactate accumulation during intensive graded exercise testing in healthy young subjects. AB - The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of 4 different cardiovascular drugs on blood lactate levels during an intensive graded exercise test in 17 healthy male subjects. In acute studies, isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine were used. In chronic studies, propranolol dihydrochloride and dilazep dihydrochloride were used. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate, blood pressure and blood lactate were measured at rest and during the final minute of each exercise session. Hemodynamic measurements during submaximum exercise were influenced by all drugs except isosorbide dinitrate. VO2 during submaximum and maximum exercises remained unchanged by all drug treatments. Blood lactate levels at rest and during submaximum and maximum exercise also did not change significantly. Work load corresponding to blood lactate concentration of 4 mM (W4 mM) and the 1st and 2nd break points of lactic acid (WBPLA1 and WBPLA2) were almost the same in all treatments. It is concluded that the 3 criteria of blood lactate obtained during the graded exercise test are not affected by these drugs in healthy males. PMID- 3221441 TI - Diagnostic value pharmacological autonomic blockade in patients with suspected sick sinus syndrome. AB - The study comprised 67 subjects, mean age 43.7 years, with suspected sick sinus syndrome, in whom rapid atrial pacing before and after combined atropine and propranolol was performed by Narula's method. Three groups were formed: group I- with normal sinus node recovery time (SNRT) and corrected sinus node recovery time (CNRT) before and after the autonomic blockade; group II--with functional disorders of the sinus node and group III--with intrinsic sinus node dysfunction. After autonomic blockade in groups I and II mean SNRT, CNRT, post-stimulation cycle lengths (except No. 2 and Nos. 5, 6, 10, respectively) shortened, whereas HR rose. In contrast, in group III mean SNRT, CNRT, post-stimulation cycle lengths (Nos. 1, 2, 6, 10) and HR increased. Significant differences in post stimulation cycle lengths were observed between groups I and III as well as groups II and III. In conclusion, rapid atrial pacing after combined atropine and propranolol helps us to diagnose latent sick sinus syndrome and extrinsic sinus node dysfunction more precisely, and significant differences in post-stimulation cycle lengths between the groups confirm diagnostic value. PMID- 3221443 TI - Anatomically isolated aortic valve disease. Morphologic study of 100 cases at autopsy. AB - Anatomically isolated aortic valve disease accounted for 1.1% of all and 5.2% of cardiac autopsies over a 20 year period. Among a total of 100 symptomatic cases, 52% had congenitally bicuspid, 43% had tricuspid and 5% had congenitally unicuspid valves. Nineteen percent had undergone fibrous sclerosis, including 1% unicuspid, 3% tricuspid and 15% bicuspid valves. Thirty nine percent had been affected by infective endocarditis, including 20 bicuspid and 19 tricuspid valves. The remaining 42 showed fibrocalcification, including 4 unicuspid, 17 bicuspid and 21 tricuspid valves. The nature of the valvular disease showed a correlation with the age of the patient. Infective endocarditis, fibrosis and calcific disease occurred in an ascending age pattern, at average ages of around 30 years, mid to late thirties and mid to late forties, respectively. The lesions occurred much earlier on the bicuspid than on the tricuspid valves, except for infective endocarditis. The bicuspid deformity was not found to make the aortic valve more prone to infection, nor did infection occur earlier on it than on the tricuspid valve. Four of the 100 cases, all tricuspid, were considered to be of rheumatic origin, the reasons for which are discussed. Certain well established associated cardiac lesions were identified. PMID- 3221444 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital left ventricular-right atrial communication. AB - The clinical diagnosis of congenital left ventricular-right atrial (LV-RA) communication is difficult. Echocardiography appears to be a useful method in the diagnosis of this congenital cardiac defect. In previous reports authors have described M-mode echocardiographic findings of this anomaly. We present here two dimensional echo findings in a patient with congenital LV-RA communication. A 12 year old boy presented the following echocardiographic findings. A perimembranous septal defect and an abnormal tricuspid septal leaflet were seen. The defect was located at the membranous atrioventricular septum, resulting in a communication between the RA and the LV. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography demonstrated turbulent flow through the defect during systole, suggesting an LV-RA communication. M-mode echo examination of the septal tricuspid leaflet revealed systolic fluttering of the tricuspid valve. Peripheral vein contrast echocardiography showed passage of the echo contrast material from the RA to the LV (positive contrast effect). At the same time there was a negative contrast effect during ventricular systole, indicating a left to right shunt from the LV to the RA. After surgical repair of the anomaly, systolic flutter of the tricuspid valve and the other findings disappeared echocardiographically, as they did in the other reported cases. We can conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography with M-mode evaluation is a reliable method for the diagnosis of congenital LV-RA communication, and that this method should be applied to all cases where this anomaly is suspected clinically. PMID- 3221445 TI - Human left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship in a cylinder model. AB - The relationship between myocardial total force and length at the end of systole appears to be linear, and the slope of this relationship is considered to be an appropriate index of myocardial contractile state, independent of preload and afterload. However, direct measurements of this relation may be impossible in the intact human heart, and thus, alternative indices such as the left ventricular end-systolic stress-length, stress-strain, pressure-volume, and pressure dimension slopes have been proposed to evaluate myocardial contractility in the intact heart. However, the mathematical relationship between the myocardial end systolic total force-length relation and any of these left ventricular end systolic relations remains unclear. In this study, assuming a linear myocardial end-systolic total force-length relation in an intact ventricle, we obtained mathematical formulae for the left ventricular end-systolic stress-strain, pressure-radius, and pressure-volume relations, using a cylinder model of the left ventricle. The results obtained using these formulae and the cylinder model were found to match accurately findings obtained from earlier experimental and clinical studies of these left ventricular end-systolic relations. Thus, this model could mathematically account for the relationships between the slopes of the myocardial end-systolic total force-length relation and these left ventricular end-systolic relations. PMID- 3221446 TI - Load dependency of end-systolic pressure-volume relations in isolated, ejecting canine hearts. AB - If characteristic muscle properties such as myocardial viscosity and/or shortening deactivation influence left ventricular ejection in the whole heart, the slope of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation should be a function of both the contractile state and the loading mode. Thus, the load dependence of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation was examined using isolated, perfused canine hearts ejecting saline into a hydraulic loading system. The instantaneous left ventricular volume was measured with a plethysmograph. Under constant coronary flow and heart rate, two regression lines for end systolic pressure-volume relations in two sets of loading modes were obtained: (1) Preload (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; 4-15 mmHg) changes under fixed afterload impedance (preload changes); (2) Afterload impedance (peripheral resistance; 1.9-9.6 x 10(3) dyn sec cm-5) changes under fixed left ventricular end-diastolic volume (afterload changes). The slope of the end-systolic pressure volume relation with afterload changes was steeper than that with preload changes (6.3 +/- 0.7 vs 4.8 +/- 0.6 mmHg/ml, p less than 0.05). Accordingly, under constant coronary flow, the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation depended on loading conditions within the physiological range of afterload impedance and preload. This finding supports our hypothesis and implies that the slope change is of limited value as a contractile index in the ejecting heart. PMID- 3221447 TI - Effects of acylcarnitine-transferase inhibitors on adenine nucleotide metabolism and ischemic tissue injury in isolated perfused rat heart. AB - The ability of irreversible acylcarnitine-transferase inhibitors, sodium 2[5-(4 chlorophenyl)-pentyl]-oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA) and 2-tetradecyl-glycidic acid (TDGA), to reduce myocardial ischemic injury was studied in Langendorff-perfused hearts exposed to ischemia (zero mmHg) followed by aerobic reperfusion (60 mmHg). Rat hearts were pretreated with either POCA (15 mg/kg) or TDGA (5 mg/kg) s.c. 120 min before the perfusion. Treated hearts showed a decreased release of creatine kinase and lactate on reperfusion after 30 min ischemia. POCA-treated hearts showed significantly higher ATP concentrations than control hearts on reperfusion. POCA also improved the maximum recovery of the pressure-rate product but with a significant delay. During the ischemic period, though, POCA decreased the ATP concentration at a rate three times that of controls during the first 10 min. No further reductions were observed for up to 30 min of ischemia. TDGA also showed a reduction of ATP. Thus, the observation that POCA stimulated ATP synthesis and reduced creatine kinase release on reperfusion after ischemia suggests that this agent provides some protection to the ischemic myocardium. However, during ischemia, it is likely that the depletion of ATP concentration induced by POCA resulted in delayed recovery of mechanical function on reperfusion. PMID- 3221448 TI - Long-term survival of a patient with Lutembacher's syndrome. AB - An elderly woman with Lutembacher's syndrome remained asymptomatic until the age of 55, when she was treated for exertional dyspnea with digitalis and diuretics. She died of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and hepatic failure at the age of 69. The autopsy revealed a large atrial septal defect and mitral stenosis without rheumatic changes. This patient is the oldest reported survivor of Lutembacher's syndrome with nonrheumatic mitral stenosis. PMID- 3221449 TI - Multiple fistulae of coronary arteries to both ventricles. AB - A 74 year old man was found at necropsy to have multiple coronary arteriosystemic fistulae involving all three major coronary arteries and both ventricles. This is the second such case reported. All terminal branches of the coronary arteries entered the myocardium and numerous tiny vessels opened into the cardiac chambers. No coronary veins or coronary sinus were recognized. This vascular anomaly is considered to result from the abnormal persistence of intertrabecular spaces within the embryonic myocardium. PMID- 3221450 TI - Subvalvular aneurysm. Two-dimensional echocardiographic features. AB - A rare case of subvalvular aneurysm diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography and confirmed at cardiac catheterization is presented. PMID- 3221451 TI - Successful excision of a right ventricular fibroma associated with ventricular tachycardia. Report of a six year survival. AB - A right ventricular (RV) tumor manifested by ventricular tachycardia (VT) accompanied by syncopal attacks was found in a 14 year old boy by two-dimensional echocardiography. Surgery was performed on February 10, 1981, with the aid of a cardiopulmonary bypass. The tumor was completely removed as a mass from the anterolateral portion of the RV wall. The wall was closed directly without any patch. The mass was 60 gm in weight and 7 by 4 by 4 cm in size. Fibroma was diagnosed by pathological study. The patient is doing well 6 years postoperatively. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography should be used to exclude cardiac tumors such as fibroma in young patients who have VT. PMID- 3221452 TI - [Epidemiology and future prospects of Alzheimer's disease in Japan]. PMID- 3221453 TI - [Brain pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Cell structural abnormality in Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 3221454 TI - [Biochemical study on brain pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease as a protein storage disease. Structure of abnormal paired helical filaments and mechanism of intracellular storage]. PMID- 3221455 TI - [Abnormalities of neurotransmitters in Alzheimer's disease. Disturbance of the acetylcholine system and nucleus basalis of Meynert]. PMID- 3221456 TI - [Recent trends in the molecular genetic approach to Alzheimer's disease--with special reference to amyloid protein precursors in the brain]. PMID- 3221457 TI - [Clinical study of Alzheimer's disease. Classification of dementia according to the site of cerebral lesions and Alzheimer-type dementia]. PMID- 3221458 TI - [Clinical study of Alzheimer's disease. Basic and circumferential psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 3221459 TI - [Clinical study of Alzheimer's disease. Practical methods of psychiatric status rating scales for the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 3221460 TI - [Clinical study of Alzheimer's disease. Early diagnosis and diagnostic criteria in Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 3221461 TI - [Clinical study of Alzheimer's disease. Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer-type dementia, multi-infarct dementia and Pick's disease of brain]. PMID- 3221462 TI - [Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with CT X-ray]. PMID- 3221463 TI - [Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with MRI]. PMID- 3221464 TI - [Drug therapy of Alzheimer's disease. General concepts on nootropic drugs]. PMID- 3221465 TI - [Therapeutic application of cerebral metabolism enhancers to Alzheimer's disease and their limitations]. PMID- 3221466 TI - [Drug therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Problems of the criteria of clinical trials of nootropic drugs]. PMID- 3221467 TI - [Recent topics on Alzheimer's disease. Nerve growth factors and Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 3221468 TI - [Recent topics on Alzheimer's disease. The possibility of Alzheimer's disease as a delayed-type infection--study on prions of proteinaceous infective particles]. PMID- 3221469 TI - [Recent topics on Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease from the viewpoint of the free radical theory]. PMID- 3221470 TI - [CT findings of ranula--4 pediatric cases]. PMID- 3221471 TI - [MR imaging of parotid masses]. PMID- 3221472 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis--CT differentiation from metastatic spinal tumors]. PMID- 3221473 TI - [Clinical experience of percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty in acquired aortic stenosis]. PMID- 3221474 TI - [Evaluation of computed tomography in the preoperative staging of gastric cancer]. PMID- 3221476 TI - [Appendiceal ileus]. PMID- 3221475 TI - [Remote afterloading high dose rate intracavitary therapy in carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 3221477 TI - [Bacterial aneurysms--report of a case with characteristic CT appearance]. PMID- 3221478 TI - [Facial nerve neurinoma with extension to middle cranial fossa]. PMID- 3221479 TI - [Syringomyelia following tuberculous meningitis--report of three cases diagnosed by MR imaging]. PMID- 3221480 TI - [Quantitative measurement of gastrointestinal protein loss using 99mTc-labelled albumin in a patient with Menetrier's disease]. PMID- 3221481 TI - [Short-term intraarterial urokinase infusion in the treatment of traumatic peripheral arterial occlusion; a case report]. PMID- 3221482 TI - [A successful removal of a misplaced steel coil--a case report of a pelvic fracture]. PMID- 3221484 TI - [Unique dyskeratotic cells in a case of verrucous trichilemmal tumor]. PMID- 3221483 TI - [Interventional angiography in patients with liver cancer associated with severe celiac artery stenosis--insertion of catheter at the stenotic site]. PMID- 3221485 TI - [Production of a new monoclonal antibody, MEC-1, which detects vascular endothelial cells]. PMID- 3221487 TI - [A clinical analysis of 54 patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL)]. PMID- 3221486 TI - [Immunohistochemical studies of peripheral nerve sheath tumors]. PMID- 3221488 TI - [Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in achalasia patients--effect of caerulein]. PMID- 3221489 TI - [Pathological studies of esophageal wall after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy]. PMID- 3221490 TI - [Endoscopic measurement of gastric mucosal blood flow by thermal diffusion method]. PMID- 3221491 TI - [Role of oxygen-derived free radicals in gastric mucosal lesions induced by burn injury in rats]. PMID- 3221492 TI - [A study of lymphocyte subset distribution and HLA-DR antigen expression in peripheral blood and in mucosa of the stomach, small intestine and colon]. PMID- 3221494 TI - [Systematized therapeutic intervention in intrahepatic cholestasis, with special reference to ursodeoxycholic acid therapy of corticosteroid non-effective cases]. PMID- 3221493 TI - [The influence of ursodeoxycholic acid on hepatobiliary scintigraphy with 99mTc-N pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 3221495 TI - [Experimental studies of the significance of intestinal metaplasia in precancerous lesion in carcinoma of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3221496 TI - [A case of acute fatty liver of pregnancy that survived two removals of intra abdominal huge hematoma due to disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 3221497 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatic carcinoid tumors]. PMID- 3221498 TI - [Changes in the gastric mucosal blood flow during endoscopy]. PMID- 3221499 TI - [Effect of superoxide dismutase and catalase on acute hepatic cell necrosis model]. PMID- 3221500 TI - [The protective effect of simultaneous selenium administration on acute cadmium toxicity and metallothionein]. AB - The present study was conducted to elucidate the protective action of simultaneous selenium administration against acute cadmium toxicity. The remarkable testicular damages caused by cadmium, that is, hemorrhagic inflammation, atrophy and necrosis, were lessened by simultaneous selenium administration. Cadmium concentration in blood, especially in plasma, increased significantly during the early period after cadmium administration with selenium. Cadmium and selenium in plasma were found in the same fractions of high molecular weight reported by previous workers as the high molecular weight complex containing cadmium and selenium. Cadmium in testis was also noted in the high molecular weight fraction during the early period. However, cadmium in the high molecular weight fraction of plasma and testis were unstable and decreased rapidly by lapse in time. Cadmium concentration in liver was lower than that in the group administered cadmium alone during the increasing phase of plasma cadmium. However, in contrast with the decreased cadmium level in plasma, cadmium in liver and testis increased gradually. Cadmium increased in liver and testis were also found in the metallothionein fraction. In the testis protected from acute cadmium toxicity, the inhibitory effect of glutathione S-transferase activity by cadmium was not detectable and the activity was maintained at the level of the control (saline administered group). Moreover, the increased cadmium in the metallothionein fraction was related to the decrease of cadmium in the high molecular weight fraction of the testis homogenate. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between metallothionein concentration and glutathione S transferase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221501 TI - [Evaluation of intraocular metallic foreign bodies by multi-element neutron activation analysis]. AB - Multi-element neutron activation analysis method was applied to the determination of metallic foreign bodies which penetrated into the eyes of workers while engaged in grinding and cutting work. A total of 23 small pieces ranging in size from 1 to 10(2) mg were surgically obtained and then analyzed non-destructively with only simple washing treatment. The components of 21 samples were mainly iron and the others were hard pieces of wolfram compound. Elements determined in samples over one weight percent were iron, manganese, chromium, wolfram, and cobalt. All the samples were divided into five classes according to their own elemental composition. It was considered that foreign bodies were composed of carbon steel, steel alloy, and tungsten carbide. These results are regarded to be useful in studying the mechanism of accidents and their effects on eyes. PMID- 3221502 TI - [Automated HPLC method for determining zinc protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX in erythrocytes of workers exposed to lead]. AB - We developed an automated HPLC method for determining erythrocyte protoporphyrin. After a single extraction with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZP) and protoporphyrin IX (PP) were separated by the column packed with a new type of reversed phase silica (capcell type) within 5 min. The column life was markedly extended to facilitate sample injection for about 1,000 times. The concentrations of ZP or TP (total protoporphyrin = 0.9 ZP + PP) determined by the present method correlated well with those determined by the conventional methods, i.e. by hematofluorometer (HF) or acid extraction method (FEP). In 150 workers exposed to lead, the ratio of 0.9 ZP/TP varied between 0.43 and 0.99 with the ratio being less than 0.6 in only 5 workers. The correlation coefficient between Pb-B and ZP was significantly higher than that between Pb-B and PP. Both anticoagulants, heparin and EDTA, could be used in the present method as well as in HF and FEP methods. Reference values for TP by HPLC were between 31.2 and 120.9 micrograms/dl RBC. Samples stored at 37 degrees C for 3 days were also used in the present method and the same results were obtained as in the samples stored at 4 degrees C. PMID- 3221503 TI - Mortality among migrant tunnel workers. AB - To clarify the mortality pattern of migrant tunnel workers, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in the southern part of Oita Prefecture, which is well known as a source area for tunnel workers. This study was made on 1,078 tunnel workers and 943 non-tunnel workers who were observed for 8 years and 6 months from January 1975 to June 1983. The overall SMR of tunnel workers was 162 which was statistically significant. The SMRs for pulmonary tuberculosis (SMR = 3,267), industrial accidents (SMR = 1,000), and pneumoconiosis (SMR = 26,000) which were all closely related to tunnelling work were extraordinarily high and statistically significant. Mortality from lung cancer was considerably higher among tunnel workers than among non-tunnel workers. The results of ratios of observed to expected deaths by age-group showed significant excess mortality in three age-groups: 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and 60 to 69. These findings show that migrant tunnel workers have serious health problems. On the other hand, in non tunnel workers, the overall SMR was 89. No significant excess mortality was observed for any cause of death or any age-group. PMID- 3221504 TI - [Mechanism of development of so-called "curvature of the fingers" (Heberden's nodes)]. PMID- 3221505 TI - [Effect of toluene on circadian sleep rhythms in rats]. PMID- 3221506 TI - [Thrombus scintigraphy using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies to platelets: (II). Visualization of arterial thrombus of rabbits using radioiodinated antibodies]. PMID- 3221507 TI - [Effect of left ventricular systolic function on left atrial filling--clinical study using radionuclide angiography]. PMID- 3221508 TI - [Clinical value of thymidine kinase activities in sera and tumor tissues of patients with colorectal cancer]. PMID- 3221509 TI - [Myocardial imaging by direct injection of thallium-201 into coronary artery]. PMID- 3221511 TI - [Visualization of bone marrow with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]-iodoamphetamine in a case of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3221510 TI - [Clinical usage of indium-111 labeled leukocyte scintigraphy and technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy in patients with total hip replacement]. PMID- 3221512 TI - [Basic studies on I-123-beta-methyl-p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) for myocardial functional diagnosis: effect of beta-oxidation inhibitor]. PMID- 3221513 TI - [Scintigraphy using N-isopropyl-p-[123I]-iodoamphetamine in malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3221514 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluation of CA 130 RIA kit (D-7111) using two newly developed monoclonal antibodies; comparison with CA 125 kit]. PMID- 3221515 TI - [Evaluation of branched chain fatty acid, BMIPP [beta-methyl-omega-(p-iodophenyl) pentadecanoic acid] for myocardial imaging--basic experiments]. PMID- 3221516 TI - [Metabolic studies of p-iodophenylalanine in the pancreas: a gateway to the development of radioiodinated amino acids for functional diagnosis]. PMID- 3221517 TI - [Assessment of the significance of coronary collateral vessels using thallium-201 myocardial imaging]. PMID- 3221519 TI - [Usefulness of a CA 130 kit based on IRMA (immunoradiometric assay)]. PMID- 3221518 TI - [A case of splenic hemangioma showing a "hot spot" on radiocolloid scintigraphy]. PMID- 3221520 TI - Estimation of peripheral chemoreceptor contribution to exercise hyperpnea in man. AB - Nine normal male subjects were studied at three levels of exercise (0, 40, and 80 W). Single vital capacity breath test was applied at rest and during exercise (phases 2 and 3). Minimum minute ventilation found within 4 breaths following the test was compared to the control value. Significant depression in minute ventilation was invariably observed. The minute ventilation was depressed more and more with increasing intensity of exercise. A significant difference was found between exercise and rest. However, the relative contribution of chemoreceptor activity remained the same 10-20% at all exercise levels. The magnitude of ventilatory depression (delta V resp) in phase 2 was larger than that in phase 3, when work rate increased to 80 W, both relative and absolute. A significant part of the exercise hyperpnea is due to peripheral chemoreceptor activity. The peripheral chemoreceptor activity is greater in phase 2 than in phase 3 at work rates of light to moderate intensity. PMID- 3221521 TI - Fluorescent probe studies of sodium/sugar cotransport and membrane potential changes in isolated chicken enterocytes. AB - The fluoroprobe technique using a potential-sensitive dye, diS-C3(5), was applied to isolated enterocytes in order to correlate membrane potential changes with Na+/sugar cotransport. Cells were prepared from the chicken small intestine by enzymatic (Dispase) treatment combined with mechanical agitation. In the presence of Na+, addition of D-glucose (2 mM) to the suspension of cells doped with the dye (1.8 microM) gave rise to Na+-dependent increases in fluorescence indicative of depolarization of the cell membrane potential. The pH optimum for this response was ca. 7.3. Similar but smaller fluorescence increases were also evoked by D-galactose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, all known to be actively accumulated by enterocytes in a Na+-dependent fashion. These monosaccharide-evoked fluorescence changes were suppressed by lowering the extracellular Na+ concentration or by phlorizin. Monosaccharides with no reported Na+ requirement induced no such fluorescence responses. A disaccharide, maltose, elicited a smaller fluorescence increase which also was Na+ dependent and phlorizin inhibitable; this was interpreted as due to a possible supply of D glucose by the membrane-bound disaccharidase systems. No change was observed with lactose, sucrose, or trehalose, however. The glucose-evoked fluorescence changes correlatable with depolarization were also confirmed using another carbocyanine, diO-C5(3). These results demonstrate that fluorescence from diS-C3(5) or diO C5(3) can be a good measure for cotransport-associated membrane potential changes in isolated intestinal epithelial cells. PMID- 3221522 TI - Continuous measurements of tissue impedance during secretion in dog submandibular gland. AB - The electrical impedance of the dog submandibular gland, as an indicator of changes in extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, was measured at 5 kHz, 500 kHz, and 5 MHz at intervals of 10 s during secretory stimulation, because the conductivity calculated from impedance at low frequencies reflected the ECF volume. The decrease in conductivity occurred in the first minute of stimulation. Its decrease was more marked during stimulation after circulatory arrest. Salivary secretion under intact circulation consists of two phases: an initial secretion occurring in the first minute of stimulation with a high secretory rate and a steady secretion continuing during stimulation at a constant rate. A decrease in conductivity occurred in the initial secretion. Within a few minutes following the cessation of stimulation, the conductivity increased to a level higher than the resting one with an intact circulation, while the blood flow remained several times higher than in the resting state. The conductivity of the gland slowly recovered to the prestimulation level over a 30-min period. The histological examination revealed that the main compartment of the ECF change was the interlobular space. Impedance and histological studies showed that the ECF volume of salivary glands changes dynamically during secretion. On the other hand, the cellular volume also increased in the initial secretion of an isolated gland. Its increase suggested that the fluid was transported to the lumen via a cellular pathway as well as a paracellular pathway in the initial secretion. PMID- 3221523 TI - Efficiencies from consumed O2 and pressure-volume area to work of in situ dog heart. AB - We studied the efficiencies from oxygen consumption (VO2) to external mechanical work (EW), from VO2 to the systolic pressure-volume area (PVA), and from PVA to EW, and the effects of cardiac output and contractility index (Emax) on these efficiencies in the left ventricle of open-chest, right-heart-bypassed dogs. PVA is an intermediate form of energy between VO2 and EW. PVA, EW, and Emax were determined by an abrupt occlusion of the ascending aorta. The right-heart bypass allowed us to collect all coronary venous return for VO2 measurement. The EW/VO2 efficiency ranged between 4 and 21%, the PVA/VO2 efficiency ranged between 5 and 27%, and the EW/PVA efficiency ranged between 60 and 95%. At a given Emax, EW/PVA efficiency was independent of cardiac output, but PVA/VO2 and EW/VO2 efficiencies increased with cardiac output. An increase in Emax by dobutamine increased EW/PVA efficiency, but decreased PVA/VO2 and EW/VO2 efficiencies. We could theoretically account for these changes in EW/PVA, PVA/VO2, and EW/VO2 efficiencies of the in situ heart by the VO2-PVA relation and its dependence on Emax that we had observed. PMID- 3221525 TI - The effect of lithium and nitrate on potassium contractures in a glycerol-treated slow-twitch muscle of the rat. AB - Glycerol treatment (0.4 or 1.2 M) altered but did not abolish twitch, tetanus, potassium, or caffeine contractures in the rat soleus at 37 degrees C. The use of nitrate Krebs or lithium Krebs greatly reduced the effects of 1.2 M glycerol treatment on potassium contractures. The data indicate that the rat soleus is relatively resistant to the uncoupling effects of glycerol treatment and that both lithium and nitrate largely prevent these effects. PMID- 3221524 TI - Lymph flow dynamics into the thoracic duct of the rat. AB - Lymph flow into the thoracic duct of rats is reduced by 60% through immobilization with anesthesia. From this reduction, changes of the autonomic nervous activity by alpha-chloralose accounts for 20%. Pancuronium bromide blocking of the skeletal neuromuscular junction reduces lymph flow in the anesthetized rats by an additional 4%. PMID- 3221526 TI - Plasma vasopressin is not involved in footshock-induced analgesia in rats. AB - Whether plasma vasopressin (VP) mediates footshock-induced analgesia was examined in conscious rats. Footshocks significantly increased threshold temperature of tail flick and plasma VP as reported previously. Intravenous VP increased the threshold only in doses that are considered to elevate plasma VP to a level more than 500 times higher than that after footshocks. In addition, posterior pituitary stimulation increased plasma VP to a level ten times higher than that after footshocks but did not significantly change the threshold. It is therefore highly likely that plasma VP is not involved in footshock-induced analgesia. PMID- 3221527 TI - Breeder differences within Wistar strain rats in acquisition of discrete shuttle avoidance response and in sensitivity to chlorpromazine. AB - Characteristics of acquisition processes of discrete shuttle avoidance response were investigated in 3 lines of Wistar strain rats: HLA:Wistar, JLA:Wistar, Std:Wistar and in F344/Du Crj rats. Std:Wistar and F344/Du Crj rats rapidly acquired the avoidance response, showing an avoidance rate of higher than 90% until the middle stage of the 1st training session in which 120 trials were carried out, and they also maintained a high level of avoidance response in the latter sessions. HLA:Wistar and JLA:Wistar rats, however, exhibited a poorer acquisition of the avoidance response than Std:Wistar and F344/Du Crj rats. These two lines of Wistar rats finally achieved average avoidance rates of around 80% after 5 sessions of training and showed a long-lasting warm-up period in each session. Std:Wistar and F344/Du Crj rats had more resistance than the other two lines to extinction of the acquired avoidance response. Chlorpromazine (2-8 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed the avoidance response in a dose-dependent manner. The sensitivities to chlorpromazine were higher in the order of JLA:Wistar greater than HLA:Wistar greater than Std:Wistar not equal to F344/Du Crj rats. These results suggest that there are major breeder differences even in the same strain of rats in their behavioral and physiological characteristics. The present results also suggest that Std:Wistar rats show extremely close characteristics with those of F344/Du Crj rats. PMID- 3221528 TI - Are the cardiovascular effects of gentamicin similar to those of calcium antagonists? AB - Cardiac and coronary vasodilator effects of gentamicin (GM) were investigated in isolated, blood-perfused papillary muscle, sino-atrial (SA) node and atrioventricular (AV) node preparations of dogs. GM (0.3-100 mumol) was injected intraarterially. GM produced an increase in coronary blood flow in all preparations. In paced papillary muscle preparations, GM reduced the force of contraction. In spontaneously beating papillary muscle preparations, GM decreased the rate of automaticity and the force of contraction. In SA node preparations, GM decreased the sinus rate. In AV node preparations, GM injected into the posterior septal artery (which supplies the AV node) increased AV conduction time and in large doses, produced third-degree AV block. In the same preparations, GM in large doses injected into the anterior septal artery (which supplies the His Purkinje-ventricular system) prolonged AV conduction time (i.e., intraventricular conduction time) and reduced the amplitude of ventricular bipolar electrograms. The order of potencies of GM on the above cardiovascular variables is as follows: Coronary blood flow greater than or equal to ventricular muscle contraction greater than ventricular automaticity greater than SA nodal automaticity greater than AV nodal conduction greater than intraventricular conduction. This cardiovascular profile is different from those of organic calcium-antagonists, but rather similar to that of manganese ions, reflecting its own mechanism of action. PMID- 3221529 TI - [3H]GBR-12935 binding sites in human striatal membranes: binding characteristics and changes in parkinsonians and schizophrenics. AB - The binding of the diphenyl-substituted piperazine derivative, [3H]GBR-12935, a selective dopamine uptake inhibitor, to the post-mortem human putamen was studied. Inhibition curves by dopamine uptake inhibitors suggested the existence of two populations of [3H]GBR-12935 binding sites: one is potently inhibited by mazindol and/or nomifensine, and the second binding site is benztropine- and/or GBR 12909-sensitive. In the human putamen, [3H]GBR-12935 labeled both these two distinct binding sites. The [3H]GBR-12935 binding displaced by mazindol was enriched in the mouse and rat striatum, but not in the cultured mouse neuroblastoma cell N1E-115. The mazindol-sensitive [3H]GBR-12935 binding site increased in the presence of sodium and markedly decreased in the putamen from parkinsonians (45% of controls). On the other hand, the [3H]GBR-12935 binding displaced by benztropine showed no sodium-dependent increase and was not decreased in the putamen from parkinsonians. In the putamen from schizophrenics, the [3H]GBR-12935 binding did not significantly change in the density, while that displaced by mazindol tended to increase. It is concluded that in the human putamen, [3H]GBR-12935 binds to two distinct sites. One site is partially sodium dependent and appears to be associated with a high-affinity dopamine uptake system on dopaminergic nerve terminals. The second binding site shows no sodium dependency and may be associated with a nondopaminergic and/or extraneuronal DA uptake system. PMID- 3221530 TI - Acquisition process and effects of psychoactive drugs on discrete shuttle avoidance response in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - The acquisition process of the discrete shuttle avoidance response and effects of psychoactive drugs on the established avoidance response were examined in Mongolian gerbils. The gerbils acquired the avoidance response very fast and attained an avoidance rate of higher than 90% until the 2nd training session. The established response rate (frequency of shuttles) was about 2.2/min. Methamphetamine, cocaine, scopolamine, atropine and morphine facilitated the avoidance response, eliciting an increase in the response rate. In particular, the effect of morphine was very marked. In contrast, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, pilocarpine, physostigmine, pentobarbital and diazepam suppressed the avoidance response, eliciting a dose-dependent decrease in both the response and avoidance rates. Methamphetamine, cocaine, scopolamine, atropine and morphine increased spontaneous motor activity in the experimental chamber in which neither electric shock nor conditioned stimulus was delivered during the observation period. However, the drug effects were not quantitatively identical with those in the avoidance response. These results suggest that the behavioral characteristics of gerbils are similar to those of mice in the discrete shuttle avoidance situation. PMID- 3221531 TI - Regional changes in brain histamine levels following dietary-induced thiamine deficiency in rats. AB - Histamine levels in thiamine deficient rats were significantly lower in the hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulb, thalamus and pons-medulla oblongata than those of normal and pair-fed groups. In the case of the hypothalamus, thiamine deficiency produced a significant increase in histamine levels. These changes observed in the thiamine deficient group were reversed to the normal levels by supplying the normal diet. These data present a new finding that thiamine deficiency affects the central histaminergic neuron system as well as other monoaminergic systems. PMID- 3221533 TI - Effect of ammonia on the gastric mucosa in rats: pathophysiological importance of urease in gastric ulcer disease. AB - We examined the pathophysiological roles of the urea-urease-ammonia system in gastric ulcer disease using rats. Exposure of the stomach to ammonia (0.01-1.0%) decreased the transmucosal potential difference (PD) and histological injury in a concentration-dependent manner. Exposure of the stomach for 20 min to urea (0.025 0.2%) together with urease (100 IU) produced a decrease in PD and microscopic injury similarly, and the lesion was closely associated with the amount of ammonia produced. Urea and urease alone had no effect on the gastric mucosa. These results suggested the pathophysiological importance of urea, urease and ammonia in gastric ulcer disease. PMID- 3221532 TI - Effects of pentobarbital and cyproheptadine on brain ischemia induced by bilateral occlusions of carotid arteries and vertebral arteries of second cervical vertebra in rats. AB - The bilateral hemispheric ischemia in rats was induced by the occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries after permanent electrocauterization of bilateral vertebral arteries at the level of the second cervical vertebra. In ischemic rats, (a) electroencephalograms became flat immediately after occlusion of carotid arteries, and (b) mortalities reached maximum levels at day 3 after recirculation. These results suggested that a constant level of cerebral ischemia was produced in this rat model. Pentobarbital markedly inhibited the mortality in these ischemic rats, whereas cyproheptadine did not. PMID- 3221534 TI - Characteristics of acetylcholine-induced phosphorylase a activity in uterine segments as a substitute for contractile response to acetylcholine. AB - Studies were made on whether the ACh-induced phosphorylase a activity in isolated rat uterine muscle segments could be used as a substitute for the contractile response to ACh. This ACh-induced phosphorylase a activity was dependent upon the concentration of ACh and was inhibited by atropine, suggesting that it was linked to muscarinic ACh receptors. Both extracellular calcium and an increase of the intracellular calcium concentration were needed for its activation by ACh. Ca2+ antagonists such as Co2+, diltiazem, nitrendipine and verapamil inhibited the ACh induced activity, suggesting that the activation by ACh required the influx of calcium ions into the uterine muscle through Ca2+-antagonist sensitive Ca2+ channels. The IC50 values of CoCl2, diltiazem, nitrendipine and verapamil on the ACh-induced phosphorylase a activity were 3.4 x 10(-3) M, 2.5 x 10(-4) M, 2.5 x 10(-5) M and 1.1 x 10(-4) M, respectively. These values were comparable with the IC50 values of these Ca2+-antagonists on the contractile response of isolated rat uterine muscle segments to 3 x 10(-4) M ACh. The inhibitory effects of Co2+, nitrendipine and verapamil, but not diltiazem, on ACh-induced phosphorylase a activity were attenuated by higher concentrations of CaCl2 (0.36 to 2 mM). These findings suggested that the ACh-induced phosphorylase a activity in isolated rat uterine muscle segments could be used as a substitute for the contractile response to ACh. PMID- 3221535 TI - Studies on alkyl-xanthine derivatives. II. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of a new bronchodilator, 1-methyl-3-propylxanthine (MPX). AB - A new xanthine derivative bronchodilator, 1-methyl-3-propylxanthine (MPX), and 1 methyl-3-butylxanthine (MBX) were synthesized. We evaluated their relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscle isolated from guinea pigs and pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats using 1,3-dimethylxanthine (theophylline, TPH) as the reference drug. Dose-dependent relaxant effects were observed in the concentration range of 1 x 10(-6) to 1 x 10(-4) M, and both MPX and MBX exert very much stronger relaxant effects than TPH with nearly equal potency. There were significant differences in the pharmacokinetic and physico-chemical properties among these drugs, both MPX and MBX having shorter half-lives, higher plasma protein binding in vivo and stronger hydrophobicity compared to TPH. The present study suggested that the N3-alkyl chain length is significant for increasing the relaxant effect and affecting the pharmacokinetic and physico chemical properties of these drugs. PMID- 3221536 TI - Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on the brain lipofuscin content and emotional behavior in aged rats. AB - The effects of long-term dosing with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) were examined in aged rats, and they were compared with those in young rats. ALC significantly reduced the lipofuscin deposition in the brain of aged rats. Emotional parameters such as locomotor activity and rearing behavior are lower in aged rats than in young rats, and these behaviors decreased in both age groups during the experiments. ALC diminished the decrease of these emotional behaviors, especially in rearing behavior in the aged rats. Furthermore, ALC had no effect on body weight gain. These results might reflect one of the main beneficial pharmacological mechanisms of ALC in clinical use. PMID- 3221538 TI - [Tuberculosis and public health nurses: a discussion]. PMID- 3221537 TI - Enhancement of prolactin-secreting effect produced by repeated administration of haloperidol in the avoidance situation and dopamine neurons in rats. AB - Male Wistar strain rats subcutaneously administered haloperidol at the dose of 0.035 mg/kg at 3-4 days interval, 10 times, in the avoidance situation. Enhancement of the prolactin-secreting effect of haloperidol was observed when it was given in the home cages at the 10th day after termination of the repeated administration. In these animals, 3H-spiperone binding sites in the pituitary significantly increased, while the DOPAC/DA ratio in the hypothalamus significantly decreased. The enhancement phenomenon may be produced by a decrease in the activity of dopamine neurons in the hypothalamus. PMID- 3221539 TI - [Nursing and daily activities. 21. Dressing. 2]. PMID- 3221540 TI - [Medical checkup of the aged. 10. Diseases of the digestive system]. PMID- 3221541 TI - [Group efforts in promoting comprehensive public health activities: organization of a network to protect citizens' lives and life activities]. PMID- 3221542 TI - [Survey at an industrial organization--physical complaints by employees and their health care]. PMID- 3221543 TI - [Study on screening the home environment of infants using questionnaires--use of the information obtained through the JHSQ (Japanese Home Screening Questionnaire) for health education]. PMID- 3221544 TI - [Current patterns in the development of tuberculosis and progress in tuberculosis therapy]. PMID- 3221545 TI - [Counseling of tuberculosis patients and assistance to patients and their families developed through counseling]. PMID- 3221546 TI - [Home nursing (guidance) of bedridden aged patients and the problem of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3221547 TI - [The course and management of a mass incidence of tuberculosis at a junior high school]. PMID- 3221548 TI - [Regional support of patients with reduced pulmonary function]. PMID- 3221549 TI - [Introduction to tuberculosis research]. PMID- 3221550 TI - [Current expectations on nursing--an experience in volunteer activities in the past 20 years]. PMID- 3221551 TI - [Dependence on public health nurses in the practice of public welfare activities]. PMID- 3221552 TI - [Evaluation of the capabilities of public health nurses by legislative authorities]. PMID- 3221554 TI - [Interactions with public health nurses through the care of my husband: an opinion by a local resident]. PMID- 3221553 TI - [Physicians' expectations from public health nurses]. PMID- 3221555 TI - [Need for public health nurses' closer interactions with local residents: an opinion by a resident]. PMID- 3221556 TI - [Transfer of public health nurses, an unfortunate development]. PMID- 3221557 TI - [Nursing and daily activities. 22. Dressing. 3]. PMID- 3221558 TI - [Medical checkup of the aged. 11. Dehydration]. PMID- 3221559 TI - [The problem of regional comprehensive public health activities in the aging society]. PMID- 3221560 TI - [Assistance for a woman who became emotionally unstable after her husband's death]. PMID- 3221561 TI - [The current status and problems of public health activities at a rural village- comprehensive maternal and child health activities at Un-nan Public Health District, Shimane Prefecture]. PMID- 3221562 TI - [Evaluation of a new improved text to be used for health education of expectant mothers--as a part of the fetal health education program at Gunma Prefecture]. PMID- 3221564 TI - [Comparative studies on radiological and pathological findings of idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung]. PMID- 3221563 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in the solution of percutaneously aspirated specimens and its diagnostic value for peripheral lung cancer]. PMID- 3221565 TI - [CT-guided needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of intrathoracic lesions]. PMID- 3221566 TI - [A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung associated with cavitation after chemotherapy, leading to development of adult respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 3221567 TI - [A case of Wegener's granulomatosis with various manifestations]. PMID- 3221568 TI - [A case of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis with mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema]. PMID- 3221570 TI - [Bronchial circulation observed in clinical radiology]. PMID- 3221569 TI - [Radiologic studies of bronchial circulation with special reference to its communication with pulmonary veins]. PMID- 3221571 TI - [Endoscopic study of bronchial circulation]. PMID- 3221572 TI - [Changes in bronchial circulation in acute lung injuries]. PMID- 3221574 TI - [Bronchial circulation and hemoptysis]. PMID- 3221573 TI - [Heart disease and bronchial circulation]. PMID- 3221575 TI - [Therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage in pulmonary infections]. PMID- 3221576 TI - [Secretory IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid]. PMID- 3221577 TI - [A pathological study on fibrosis in autopsied lungs with pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3221578 TI - [Nocturnal oxygen desaturation in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis]. PMID- 3221579 TI - [Studies on 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor in the pulmonary vasculature with special reference to its role in the regulation of the pulmonary hemodynamics]. PMID- 3221580 TI - [Pulmonary psuedolymphoma combined with malignant lymphoma of the parotid gland]. PMID- 3221582 TI - [Management of tricuspid regurgitation associated with atrial septal defect in adults]. PMID- 3221581 TI - [Anterior rib strut grafting in the treatment of a malignant lesion of the thoracic spine under thoracotomy]. PMID- 3221583 TI - [Operative technic for aortic arch aneurysm using profound hypothermic cerebral circulatory arrest with intermittent retrograde cerebral perfusion through the superior vena cava]. PMID- 3221585 TI - [A new method of defibrillation with use of disposable defibrillation electrodes]. PMID- 3221584 TI - [Staged operation in aortic dissections--first stage operation using an "elephant trunk" graft in 2 cases]. PMID- 3221587 TI - [Treatment of annuloaortic ectasia--experience of Cabrol's procedure]. PMID- 3221586 TI - [Aortic dissection during retrograde perfusion]. PMID- 3221588 TI - [Surgical repair of TR and PC caused by cryosurgery of WPW syndrome]. PMID- 3221589 TI - [A surgical case of bronchogenic cyst existing continuously in the intrapulmonary and posterior mediastinal regions]. PMID- 3221590 TI - [Successful one stage anatomic correction for simple transposition of the great arteries in a 28-day-old neonate]. PMID- 3221591 TI - [Surgical removal of a right atrial myxoma in an 81-year-old woman]. PMID- 3221592 TI - [The detection of the dynamic renal function using MRI by gadolinium-DTPA]. PMID- 3221593 TI - [Immunohistochemical demonstration of S-phase cells in bladder tumors by anti bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody. Using in vitro labeling method]. PMID- 3221594 TI - [An experimental study of the influence of dilatation and incision to vesicoureteral junction in rabbits]. PMID- 3221595 TI - [Nerve degeneration in ischemic dog urinary bladders]. PMID- 3221596 TI - [Energy metabolism in hydronephrotic kidneys. Fundamental study in rat hydronephrotic kidneys]. PMID- 3221597 TI - [Energy metabolism in hydronephrotic kidneys. Clinical study in human hydronephrotic kidneys]. PMID- 3221598 TI - [Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content using frozen tissue specimens from low grade renal cell carcinomas--correlation to morphologic grade]. PMID- 3221599 TI - [Surgical repair of urethral stricture. Posterior urethroplasty by the Michalowski method]. PMID- 3221600 TI - [The influence of dinner intake on the formation of renal stones]. PMID- 3221601 TI - [Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urethrae of patients with urogenital infections and changes in antibody titers in their clinical courses]. PMID- 3221602 TI - [A study of bone mineral content in patients with calcium urolithiasis by microdensitometry]. PMID- 3221603 TI - [New development and progression of renal scarring in children with primary VUR]. PMID- 3221604 TI - [Treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 3221605 TI - [Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors. Ablative and prophylactic effects of intravesical BCG on papillary tumors]. PMID- 3221607 TI - Histological and immunohistochemical studies on the localization of immunoglobulins in porcine placenta. PMID- 3221606 TI - [Evaluation of fasting spot urine collected from 7A.M. to 11A.M. in patients with urolithiasis]. PMID- 3221608 TI - Redescription and multivariate morphometrics of Moguranema nipponicum Yamaguti, 1941. PMID- 3221609 TI - Helminth parasites of the Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata fuscata in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. PMID- 3221610 TI - Non-surgical embryo recovery in the water buffalo. PMID- 3221611 TI - [Sudden death of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3221612 TI - [Effect of aminophylline on electrophysiological characteristics of the accessory pathway in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 3221613 TI - [Evaluation of selected parameters of lipid metabolism in children with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3221614 TI - [A case of mechanical dysfunction of Bjork-Shiley prosthesis implanted into the right atrioventricular outlet, detected and visualized by cinematography]. PMID- 3221615 TI - [Ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva diagnosed by echocardiography]. PMID- 3221617 TI - [Sinoatrial conduction time in different situations related to human activities]. PMID- 3221616 TI - [Is there so-called hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?]. PMID- 3221619 TI - [Two-dimensional contrast and Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of rupture of the interventricular septum]. PMID- 3221618 TI - [Leg blood supply in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans and primary disorders of lipid metabolism after hypolipemic treatment]. PMID- 3221620 TI - [Effect of bromocriptine on arterial blood pressure and serum prolactin level in patients with essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3221622 TI - [Analysis of discrepancies and only partial similarities in clinical and hemodynamic findings in congenital heart defects]. PMID- 3221623 TI - [A rheographic method of evaluation of disorders of pulmonary blood flow]. PMID- 3221621 TI - [Causes of discrepancies in clinical and hemodynamic findings in cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 3221625 TI - [Telemetric and ergometric evaluation of accelerated rehabilitation of patients with acute uncomplicated myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3221624 TI - [Evaluation of the left-ventricular function using poly-, echo- and radiocardiography in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3221626 TI - [Comprehensive care of patients with hypertension in a large-city regional outpatient clinic]. PMID- 3221627 TI - [Tactics of treating patients with pancreatic fistulas]. PMID- 3221628 TI - [Diagnostic and surgical tactics in cysts of the spleen]. PMID- 3221629 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of obstruction of the major duodenal papilla of nontumor origin]. PMID- 3221630 TI - [State of the capillaries of the exocrine pancreas in experimental acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3221631 TI - [Plastic surgery of the common bile duct using a small intestine autotransplant in an experimental study]. PMID- 3221632 TI - [Use of computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute and chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 3221633 TI - [Diagnosis of acute destructive pancreatitis]. PMID- 3221634 TI - [Gastric and intestinal fistulas in pancreatic necrosis]. PMID- 3221635 TI - [An annular pancreas as a cause of impaired duodenal patency]. PMID- 3221636 TI - [Organization of the treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 3221637 TI - [Outcome in patients with complicated pancreatic cysts who refused surgery]. PMID- 3221638 TI - [Teaching surgery at a stomatologic faculty]. PMID- 3221639 TI - [Organizational methodologic aspects of surgical training of specialists for foreign countries]. PMID- 3221640 TI - [Individual professional medical activity]. PMID- 3221641 TI - [Choice of the method of biopsy in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 3221642 TI - [Diagnostic errors in patients dying from acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3221643 TI - [Extensive surgery of a multilocular pancreatic cyst]. PMID- 3221645 TI - [Cholecystopancreatostomy in trauma of the pancreas]. PMID- 3221644 TI - [Hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity from a pancreatic cyst]. PMID- 3221646 TI - [A giant pseudotumor of the pancreas]. PMID- 3221647 TI - [Clinico-anatomical comparisons in cancer of the pancreas]. PMID- 3221648 TI - [Carcinoid of the accessory pancreas]. PMID- 3221649 TI - [Indices of nonspecific immunity in patients with acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3221650 TI - [Prevention and control of bacterial aerosols in the operating room]. PMID- 3221651 TI - [A method of creating an anastomosis between an explant and the aorta]. PMID- 3221652 TI - [Prevention of postoperative pancreatitis in the surgical treatment of pyloroduodenal ulcers complicated by hemorrhage]. PMID- 3221653 TI - [Long-term results following argon laser trabeculoplasty]. AB - Long-term follow-up findings after argon laser trabeculoplasty are communicated. The coagulation technique employed was that described by Wise and Witter (1979). The circumference of the chamber angle was coagulated over 360 degrees. The indications were chronic open-angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, pigmentdispersion glaucoma, glaucoma in aphakia, and glaucoma after ALT or fistulizing surgery with uncontrolled IOP. Glaucoma cases in which IOP exceeded 35 mm Hg were not treated by this method. Therapy was considered successful if a decrease in IOP to below 20 mm Hg was achieved. The difficulties of finding appropriate parameters for the success of glaucoma therapy are discussed. The percentages of normotonic eyes after ALT with a follow-up period of one to four years are reported and compared with results obtained by other authors. After one year, IOP was normal in 89.9% of 881 eyes (chronic open-angle glaucoma 94%, pigment-dispersion glaucoma 91%, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma 86%, glaucoma in aphakia 88%). After two years, it was normal in 72.6% of 237 eyes (chronic open angle glaucoma 82%, pigment-dispersion glaucoma 50%, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma 53%, glaucoma in aphakia 75%). After three years, it was normal in 60.5% of 76 eyes (chronic open-angle glaucoma 72%, pigment-dispersion glaucoma 25%, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma 37%, glaucoma in aphakia 66%). After four years, it was normal in 95.4% of 128 eyes (chronic open-angle glaucoma 82%, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma 50%). The results of ALT therapy reported by other authors are similar. A decrease in efficiency, initially of 5% to 10% per year, is seen in eyes thus treated, which may necessitate fistulizing surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221654 TI - [Cataract operations on the remaining eye]. AB - In the last five years, 500 one-eyed patients have undergone cataract surgery at the authors' hospital. A Simcoe-type posterior chamber lens was implanted in 425 of the eyes. An eye was defined as an only eye if corrected vision in the fellow eye was 1/60 or less, or better vision in cases of amblyopia. The main causes of loss of function in partner eyes were macular degeneration, amblyopia, and glaucoma. The rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications was the same as in the entire patient collective, and in absolute terms actually lower. There were four cases of intraoperative rupture of the posterior capsule (in two of which it subsequently proved possible to fit a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL], and one case each of corneal decompensation and excessive hemorrhage into the anterior chamber. PCIOLs were subsequently also implanted in both these eyes. Early postoperative complications included several cases of iris prolapse, all of which were easily rectified, and intermittent phases of endothelial decompensation associated with cornea guttata. In view of the low overall rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications, the authors advocate implantation of a PCIOL in remaining eyes with visual function, except those with proliferative retinopathies (primarily diabetes mellitus), pre-existing retinal detachments (particularly in young men with myopia and a history of detachment in the fellow eye), and unregulated glaucoma. PMID- 3221655 TI - [Incidence and development of decentration of posterior chamber lenses implanted in the capsule sac]. AB - A total of 284 patients with posterior chamber lenses (Sinskey-Kratz type) implanted in the capsular bag were re-examined on average 14 months after implantation. In 87% optical centration was excellent; 12% showed a minimal displacement exceeding 0.4 mm. In four patients (1%) gross displacement of the lens within the capsular bag was seen, caused by proliferation of residual lens cortex, asymmetric shrinkage of the capsular bag, and perforation of the bag by a lens loop. PMID- 3221657 TI - [Acute retinal necrosis]. AB - The authors report on three patients with acute retinal necrosis who were treated with the virostatic agent Acyclovir and who underwent vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil filling for total retinal detachment. In two eyes the retina was reattached, but useful vision was only preserved in one patient. Titers from blood and the vitreous, as well as microscopic findings in retinal biopsies, support the view that the necrosis is caused by a herpes simplex virus infection. After therapy with Acyclovir was instituted no further progression on the necrosis was observed. However, the development of retinal detachment could not be prevented. Early diagnosis and antiviral therapy are essential to improve the otherwise poor prognosis in this rare syndrome. PMID- 3221656 TI - [Early vitrectomy with primary silicone oil injection in very severely injured eyes]. AB - Performing early vitrectomy with primary silicone oil filling in 11 severely injured eyes (large or multiple intraocular foreign bodies, double perforations, ruptures - all with vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment), the authors succeeded in treating the posterior segment trauma with adequate hemostasis in ten cases. During postoperative follow-up of between 12 and 39 months there were no recurrences of hemorrhage. Primary retinal reattachment was achieved in seven eyes. A traction detachment due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy developed in three eyes at a relatively late stage (6-19 months postoperatively): reoperation was successful in two cases. With regard to functional results, six eyes had a visual acuity of between 1/25 and 0.6, and in four it was in the range between perception of light projection and hand movements. There were three cases with keratopathy encouraged by aniridia or hypotonia. One eye with emulsification of the silicone oil developed a secondary glaucoma which responded to topical treatment. In three cases the silicone oil was removed without complications. In one eye there was an expulsive choroidal hemorrhage which could not be managed intraoperatively and which led to phthisis and amaurosis postoperatively. PMID- 3221658 TI - [Iridocyclectomy using a lamellar explorative technic. Long-term studies]. AB - The question as to whether lamellar explorative iridocyclectomy always enables the spread of tumors of the iris base or ciliary body to be detected beyond doubt was verified in 11 patients who had been treated by this procedure more than four years previously. Seven of the patients were available for reexamination. In two special cases it was found that this was not true. In the other patients neither histologic findings nor long-term follow-up revealed any tumor spread beyond the excision area, and in particular no invasion of the sclera. PMID- 3221659 TI - [Microsurgery of retinal detachment using biological implant material]. AB - In addition to conventional synthetic materials (silicone sponges), dura is ideal for indentation and closure of retinal tears in detachment cases. It is histocompatible, easy to work with, and can be shaped to fit the tear or hole exactly. The authors tested the use of dura in 76 consecutive cases, which were followed up. The anatomic and functional results were similar to those obtained with classical indentation procedures. There were no infections or extrusions of the dura, and in particular no signs of scleral necrosis, which is sometimes seen in cases treated with silicone implants. PMID- 3221661 TI - [Concordance for myopia and discordance for optic disk cupping in a pair of monozygotic twins]. AB - Of a pair of monozygotic twins who are both myopic, only twin B has an optic nerve pit in her left eye. At the age of 19 her visual acuity was reduced due to macular edema. Three years later, krypton laser coagulation treatment produced an appreciable improvement. Although both twins are myopic, the anisomyopia observed illustrates the influence of environment on ocular refraction. PMID- 3221660 TI - [Necrotizing sclerokeratitis following cataract extraction]. AB - A number of cases of necrotic sclerokeratitis following eye surgery have been reported in recently published literature. The condition was presumably triggered by surgical inflammation and caused by localized occlusive vasculitis: in one case deposits of immune complexes in vessel walls were demonstrated. The authors report on three cases of necrotic sclerokeratitis which developed five to 16 months after uncomplicated cataract extraction. Clinical examination showed disappearance of vessels in affected sclera, together with tissue necrosis. None of the patients had any systemic immune disease and no immune complexes were found in biopsy material obtained from two eyes (of which one was enucleated and the other two healed under steroid treatment). In all three affected eyes cataract extraction was performed via a corneoscleral incision. In two of the three cases communicated here cataract extraction was performed in the fellow eye without any postoperative complications. Since postsurgical sclerokeratitis is presumably triggered by vascula inflammation, clear corneal incisions may be preferable to corneoscleral incisions in cases where immune reactions are anticipated. PMID- 3221662 TI - The serodiagnosis of Campylobacter infection in infant cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) 2 to 18 weeks old by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - We established the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to Campylobacter and applied it in defining the period of the primary infection of Campylobacter in infant cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The antibody to Campylobacter spp. could be detected with only 0.25 mul of serum by using commercially available antigens and anti-cynomolgus monkey IgG antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The inhibition experiments using extracts of C. jejuni, C. fetus and Yersinia enterocolitica demonstrated that the established ELISA system could detect species-specific anti-C. jejuni and anti-C. fetus antibodies. The levels of antibodies to both C. jejuni and C. fetus were high in 2 weeks old infant cynomolgus monkeys, rapidly decreasing until 6 to 14 weeks of age. This result indicates that the antibodies detected in 2 week old infants were IgG antibodies of maternal origin transferred through placenta. The C. jejuni was isolated from infants when the level of maternal antibody became the lowest. Infant cynomolgus monkeys obviously developed IgG antibodies to C. jejuni within 4 weeks after infection. On the other hand, no antibody response to C. jejuni was found in two infants from which it could not be isolated throughout the observation period. As regards C. fetus infection, infants showed a poor antibody response although it was more frequently isolated than C. jejuni. In conclusion, the ELISA system established in the present study is useful for the serological diagnosis of C. jejuni infection during infancy in the cynomolgus monkey. PMID- 3221663 TI - Maxillo-orbital lymphoma (Burkitt's-type) in an infant Macaca fascicularis. AB - A 5-month-old male cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) with facial deformation and proptosis of the left eye was euthanized due to a rapidly-growing peribulbar and retro-orbital mass. The mass invaded the soft tissue behind the right eye and extended ventro-medially through the lacrimal, ethmoid, maxillary and frontal bones. Caudo-dorsal extention of the mass through the left frontal bone and into the meninges and parenchyma of the frontal cerebral lobe was observed. Histologically, the cell population making up the mass was variable, but most of the neoplastic cells were blast-like with a large central round to ovoid nucleus, active coarsely stippled euchromatic chromatin, 1-4 prominent nucleoli and sparse cytoplasm. Interspersed between these neoplastic lymphocytes were numerous aberrant mitoses and histiocytes with foamy cytoplasm producing a "starry-sky" pattern. Cells further away from the central neoplastic core and closer to fragmented bone surfaces had plasmacytoid features with an eccentric hyperchromatic nucleus and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Electron microscopy confirmed the formentioned cell types. Morphometric analysis of tumor cell indicated similarities to cells of human Burkitt's lymphoma. The tumor cells indicated similarities to cells of human Burkitt's lymphoma. The tumor was diagnosed as a malignant lymphoma of unknown etiology, similar to those seen in African children with Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 3221664 TI - Diagnostic exercise: pneumonia in a rat. PMID- 3221665 TI - Misleading positive tuberculin reactions in a squirrel monkey colony. PMID- 3221667 TI - Copper poisoning in sheep. PMID- 3221666 TI - A technique for catheterization and cystoscopic evaluation of cynomolgus monkey urinary bladders. PMID- 3221668 TI - Intraspinal dermoid cysts in a C57BL6 mouse. PMID- 3221670 TI - A mask system for halothane anesthesia of guinea pigs. PMID- 3221669 TI - A technique for chronic catheterization of the cisterna magna in rabbits. PMID- 3221671 TI - Urinary creatinine excretion in growing domestic rabbits. PMID- 3221672 TI - Neural tube defects in South Carolina counties. PMID- 3221673 TI - Relationship of exercise to semen parameters and fertility success of artificial insemination donors. PMID- 3221674 TI - The challenge of AIDS. PMID- 3221675 TI - Holly. PMID- 3221676 TI - A simple microcomputer interface for tail-flick determination. AB - An inexpensive means of tail-flick latency data acquisition and analysis using an Apple IIe microcomputer and three simple interface circuits is described. Descriptions of the software and hardware are provided with schematics and program listings. The measurement, storage, and analysis of the data are integrated in one system. PMID- 3221678 TI - High resolution on-line analysis of cardiac action potentials using a Motorola 68000 microcomputer. AB - We have developed a microcomputer system for the instantaneous on-line analysis of cardiac action potentials (APs) based on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and 50 kHz A/D converter. This system can accurately analyze APs from all parts of the heart, including the extremely fast upstrokes of APs from Purkinje fibers. Facilities for tabulation of results, production of hard-copy plots of APs, pooling of experimental data, and statistical analyses are available off-line. The routine use of this system in our laboratory has greatly increased the accuracy and throughput of these time-consuming experiments. PMID- 3221677 TI - Measurement of human small airway smooth muscle function in vitro. Comparison of bronchiolar strips and segments. AB - We have compared isotonic responses to methacholine of human bronchiolar segments and spiral strips. Both types of preparations contracted dose-dependently to methacholine and had a stable intrinsic contractile activity, which was significantly higher in segments (p less than 0.001). ANOVA indicated that the total variation in responses of both strips and segments was similar and was mainly due to a significant between-preparations/within-patients variation. There was a small but significant trend towards a decrease of sensitivity (EC50) in time for both segments and strips. Net contraction, i.e. the difference between resting length and the length at maximal contraction, did not change in time. Limited length-active shortening experiments indicated that 250 mg was a suitable load for both strips and segments. We concluded that, although human bronchiolar strips and segments are functionally comparable, bronchiolar segments are preferable because of their practical and theoretical advantages over bronchiolar strips. PMID- 3221680 TI - Evaluation of a procedure to measure the time course of a drug's behavioral action. AB - The utility of a novel procedure to examine a drug's time course of behavioral action was evaluated. Time- and dose-effect relations for the antiepilepsy drug methsuximide were determined in pigeons during 12-hr overnight sessions through the use of a multiple variable-interval 60-sec extinction (mult VI EXT) schedule of food delivery. The VI 60-sec components were programmed for the first 10 min of each hour and were followed by 50-min EXT components. Methsuximide produced dose-dependent decreases in rate of responding; the higher the dose, the longer the duration of effect. The present procedure appears to be useful for determining effective presession injection intervals and time-effect relations. PMID- 3221679 TI - A new model of pulmonary microembolism in the mouse. AB - The method of infusion of hardened red blood cells described by Clement et al. (1983) to induce pulmonary hypertension in the minipig has been modified to obtain a model of pulmonary microembolism in the mouse. In this model, the infusion of hardened red blood cells causes the death of about 90% of control animals in 2-5 min, and the efficacy of a given pharmacological treatment can be assessed in terms of the percentage of animals protected from death 15 min after the infusion. Platelets are not apparently involved, since the number of circulating platelets, plasma levels of TxB2, and PF-4 are not modified, and the mortality in thrombocytopenic animals is not different from controls. Furthermore, aspirin and heparin are totally inactive in this model. Preliminary results with some Ca++ channel blockers (nitrendipine and nicardipine) indicate that these compounds may be active. This experimental model offers an easy and relatively inexpensive test for the characterization of compounds to prevent pulmonary microembolism, acting via a platelet-independent mechanism. PMID- 3221681 TI - Methodological refinements to the mouse paw formalin test. An animal model of tonic pain. AB - The formalin tonic pain test has recently been adapted for use in mice. We have observed two problems with this procedure. First, compared to a vehicle control group, the majority of mice injected in a hind paw with dilute formalin exhibited a significant nociceptive response (paw licking), including peaks of activity, well beyond the end of the recommended observation period; and, second, an unacceptably wide variation in response occurred. We report two modifications that eliminate these difficulties: a) extending the observation period to 20-45 min postformalin injection, and b) lightly anesthetizing the mice with ether before injection of formalin into the paw. The modified protocol was tested by evaluating morphine, pentazocine and zomepirac (analgesic A50 values were 2.1, 23.8, and greater than 100 mg/kg, s.c., respectively). An intrathecal or intracerebroventricular injection of saline, given to the lightly anesthetized mouse, did not interfere with the nociceptive behavior; this finding widens the applicability and usefulness of the test. Collectively, these refinements significantly improve the mouse formalin model of tonic pain. PMID- 3221682 TI - Residual effects of ether anesthesia on whole-body hemodynamics and organ blood flows in the rat. AB - This study was designed to determine the short-term residual effects of ether anesthesia on hemodynamics and blood flow distribution in the rat. Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats were instrumented and allowed to recover for at least 2 days before beginning the experiment. Using microspheres, cardiac output, and blood flow distribution were determined at five different periods: before ether anesthesia; at a surgical level of ether anesthesia; and 20 min, 1 hr, or 3 hr after cessation of anesthesia. Ether anesthesia initially decreased arterial pressure, increased cardiac index, and decreased total peripheral resistance. The residual effects of ether included progressive increases in arterial blood pressure and an increase in total peripheral resistance index. Cardiac index was returned to normal 1 hr after termination of anesthesia. Blood flow to the brain and heart increased during anesthesia and was significantly elevated 1 hr later. Other organs, including kidney, spleen, and intestine showed a decrease in blood flow during anesthesia, which persisted for at least 20 min. Thus, ether anesthesia produced acute and residual disturbances in hemodynamics and blood flow distribution, which may have an untoward influence on concomitant experimental observations. PMID- 3221684 TI - A chamber for electrophysiological recording from cultured neurones allowing perfusion and temperature control. AB - With the increasing use of cell culture in electrophysiology there has arisen a need for more rigorous control of the extracellular fluid composition and temperature. We describe here an environmental chamber designed to permit perfusion and temperature control of the extracellular medium during electrophysiological studies of cultured or acutely dissociated neurones in 35 mm Petri dishes. The chamber consists of a Peltier driven heat exchange, which allows temperature control above and below ambient. The Petri dish temperature is controlled in 3 ways: (1) through direct conduction from the controlled surface; (2) by flow of gas around the dish; and (3) by flow of extracellular medium to the Petri dish. We demonstrate the temperature control achieved with this equipment and the ability to exchange the extracellular medium in the whole dish. Using the whole-cell-patch recording technique to record from hippocampal neurones, Q10 parameters were estimated for the membrane time constant, input resistance and action potential halfwidth, over a range of 15-36 degrees C. The mean Q10 values (+/- S.E.M.) were 0.71 +/- 0.05, 0.58 +/- 0.03 and 0.35 +/- 0.1, respectively. Because of rapid diffusion and mixing of drugs when using puffer pipettes, quantitative pharmacological studies or manipulations of the extracellular recording medium are not possible. By perfusing the whole recording chamber the final concentration can be accurately known. Using this method we obtained an estimate of the relative potency of the non-specific excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenate, for synaptically activated N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors of 1:0.62. PMID- 3221683 TI - Neural connections identified with PHA-L anterograde and HRP retrograde tract tracing techniques. AB - This paper describes a method of identifying specific input and output elements of a two-neuron projection pathway. Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) anterograde tract-tracing was used in combination with the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to demonstrate connections between small groups of neurons in the brainstem auditory system. Specifically, the projection from cochlear nucleus to olivary neurons that project to the cochlea were demonstrated. The first neuron in this pathway (the cochlear nucleus neuron) was anterogradely labelled with PHA-L and could be traced via labelled axons and terminals to the second neuron (the olivocochlear neuron) whose soma was labelled with HRP after cochlear injection. PMID- 3221685 TI - Visual receptive fields of local intracortical potentials. AB - We have developed a method to define a spatial-temporal receptive field (RF) for local, intracortically recorded field potentials in the visual cortex. In analogy to the classic RF concept, a relation between stimulus position and a single recording location is evaluated. Our receptive field cinematogram (RF-Cine) approach, additionally, includes the temporal dynamics between stimulus and response: A sequence ('movie') of successive 'frames' is calculated, which shows the field potential amplitudes plotted with reference to the position in visual space of a randomly moving stimulus. The exploration of the receptive fields via a randomly jumping disk stimulus is especially suitable for multi-electrode cortex mapping, because the RF-Cines of all electrodes can be evaluated simultaneously within a single stimulation period of 100 s duration. Field potential RF-Cines showed concentrical or ellipsoidal antagonistic center surround structures with biphasic or triphasic time courses. The size of these structures increases with retinal eccentricity. The cortical surface coverage of the RF-Cine centers was calculated to be 0.8 mm2 for area 17 and 1.3 mm2 for area 18, being nearly constant within the 0-10 degrees cortical representation of the lower visual field. These values approximately correspond to the extent of one hypercolumn. The absolute positions of the RF-Cine structures can be determined with an accuracy of 0.1-0.2 mm in cortical coordinates. PMID- 3221686 TI - Effects of temperature and temperature gradients on ion-sensitive microelectrodes. AB - Ion-sensitive microelectrodes are widely used in studies of mammalian tissues. Often the tissue is maintained at 37 degrees C, some 10-15 degrees C above room temperature. The temperature difference between the room and the preparation was found to be capable of altering the measured ion potential by as much as 10 mV. The change depended on 3 factors: the temperature dependence of the Nernst slope, the temperature dependence of the interference factor, and the thermoelectric potential induced by the temperature difference between the two ends of the ion exchanger column. Certain combinations of these changes can cancel each other, resulting in spurious but apparently temperature-insensitive readings. The first two factors can produce errors when the temperature of calibration differs from the temperature of the tissue being measured. Serious errors in measurements of ion concentration can also occur, due to all 3 factors, if a temperature gradient exists across the ion exchanger column; this situation can easily occur when recording from exposed mammalian tissues. The use of a short ion-exchanger column will reduce but not eliminate effects due to a temperature gradient. PMID- 3221687 TI - Ultra-low noise silver-plated carbon fibre microelectrodes. AB - A technique for lowering the noise and hence improving the single-unit recording qualities of carbon fibre microelectrodes is described. PMID- 3221688 TI - The analytic and functional accuracy of a video densitometry system. AB - Applications using radiotracers and quantitative film autoradiography are increasing dramatically in the neurosciences. Microcomputer-based image analyzing systems with video input have been developed to provide rapid quantification of autoradiographic images on relatively inexpensive systems. However, there has been some question as to whether such systems can reliably produce high levels of densitometric accuracy, especially when compared to mechanical scanners which are standard in research requiring extreme fidelity of measurement. We report methods and results from tests done to determine the analytical and functional accuracy of the Drexel Unix-based Microcomputer image Analysis System (DUMAS), which is a video densitometric system designed to provide quantitative data from autoradiograms. Analytical accuracy was determined by measuring photometric uniformity, the optical density transfer function, temporal stability, geometric uniformity, and flare. In addition, data are provided on the resolution of the system at several magnifications. Functional accuracy, the accuracy of the estimates of mean isotope concentrations in diverse neural structures, was determined by comparing the results obtained on the DUMAS system with the results from analyzing the same [14C]2-deoxyglucose images with two different Optronics P1000 systems. Our results show that, provided care is taken in the choice of a camera and a light source, the analytic accuracy of videodensitometry is high. Its functional accuracy is also high in that measurements of radioisotope concentrations in diverse neural structures made on the DUMAS system agree closely with the measurements from a properly adjusted Optronics P1000 system. The rapidity and economy of videodensitometry is not, therefore, obtained at the sacrifice of densitometric accuracy. Given adequately tested hardware and provided that suitable checks on instrument calibration and adjustment are made, the errors in autoradiographic quantification due to the image analyzing system itself are minor in comparison to other sources of error, including, as we show, variations in the user's delineation of the boundaries of neural structures. PMID- 3221689 TI - Quantitation of neurochemically identified neurons in reaggregate tissue cultures. AB - The study of cellular interactions during the development of the nervous system is facilitated by the use of the reaggregate tissue culture system. In this system, embryonic neurons are dissociated from one another and allowed to reaggregate in rotatory culture, where they resume their normal differentiation. Reaggregates provide a model for studying neuronal development and cell interactions under conditions which allow for the control of a large number of variables, such as the numbers of cells which are allowed to interact, the presence or absence of appropriate target cells, and the chemical environment in which the neurons develop. For quantitative purposes, it is necessary to estimate the numbers of cells of a given neurochemical or morphologic type. Here we describe a computer-assisted counting system which allows one to determine the numbers of neurochemically identified neurons within reaggregate cultures from the counting of such neurons in a randomly selected sample of thirty 10-micron sections from the reaggregates in a given flask. These sections represent less than 0.5% of the total number of sections derived from the reaggregates in a single flask. In addition, the system allows one to quantitatively compare differences in the numbers of such neurons between experimental flasks utilizing appropriate statistical methods. A comparison of the number of central dopaminergic neurons estimated by this method with the direct counting of such neurons in serial sections of single reaggregates resulted in excellent agreement as to the number of dopaminergic neurons within a given experimental flask.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221692 TI - [Problems in nursing management: strong objection by some members of the staff to the adoption of a nursing standard]. PMID- 3221690 TI - [Problems concerning ethics in welfare and medicine]. PMID- 3221691 TI - [Problems in nursing management: a new nursing supervisor facing staff persisting in the previous practice]. PMID- 3221693 TI - [Keywords concerning nursing management. Budget management: a guide in promoting management activities]. PMID- 3221694 TI - [Personality: Dr. Yoko Fukusako, a specialist in speech pathology]. PMID- 3221695 TI - [Problems in nursing education: an effective method for student interviews by an instructor who interacts poorly with students]. PMID- 3221696 TI - [Problems in clinical training in nursing: a tendency to focus on obvious behaviors of students in the evaluation of clinical training]. PMID- 3221697 TI - [Problems in clinical training in nursing: dealing with students, who are critical of the clinical practice]. PMID- 3221698 TI - [Nursing research incorporating human engineering]. PMID- 3221699 TI - [Nursing research based on human engineering: the ward environment]. PMID- 3221700 TI - [Nursing research based on human engineering: the home environment]. PMID- 3221702 TI - [Nursing research based on human engineering: work environment]. PMID- 3221701 TI - [Nursing research based on human engineering: clothing]. PMID- 3221703 TI - [Nursing research based on human engineering: body mechanics]. PMID- 3221704 TI - [Psychological aspects of nursing--nursing research based on emotional engineering]. PMID- 3221705 TI - [Human engineering in nursing: stress and mental health at work]. PMID- 3221707 TI - [A need for more active cooperation between the nursing and nutrition departments of a hospital]. PMID- 3221706 TI - [The hospital as a treasure-trove of improvement based on human engineering--a survey on examples of nursing improvement of the work areas. My choice]. PMID- 3221708 TI - [A nurse and her profession: a choice between further studies in nursing and nursing management, an example of a midwife who continued studies while progressing in the areas of training and management]. PMID- 3221709 TI - [Statistics in nursing: employers and the work of public health nurses]. PMID- 3221710 TI - [Keypoints in staff training seen in actual examples: having older subordinates]. PMID- 3221711 TI - [Process of introducing primary nursing at the St. Luke's International Hospital. (4)]. PMID- 3221712 TI - [On crisis situations during clinical training in nursing--analysis of a student who has repeatedly received failing grades]. PMID- 3221713 TI - [An attempt at comprehensive clinical training in an orthopedic ward]. PMID- 3221714 TI - [On man and nursing. Aging. 10. Aging speed and the tempo of society (1). A discussion]. PMID- 3221715 TI - [Better nursing care through nursing research: choosing research designs (4)]. PMID- 3221716 TI - [Contents of various nursing specialties (1). Pediatric nursing and obstetrical and perinatal nursing]. PMID- 3221717 TI - Coagulation of sheep intestinal and prefemoral lymph. AB - We have determined the most suitable method for the automated analysis of the clotting parameters in sheep intestinal and prefemoral lymph as defined by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Times (APTT; measure of intrinsic coagulation pathway) and the Prothrombin Times (PT; measure of extrinsic coagulation pathway). As opposed to optical density systems, the use of a Fibro-System Fibrometer was found to provide the most consistent assessment of coagulation with the endpoint being the time to fibrin strand formation. We measured APTT in sheep intestinal and prefemoral lymph of 59.78 +/- 7.69 seconds and 51.03 +/- 10.49 seconds respectively. These values were more prolonged than those obtained from sheep blood plasma but only in the case of intestinal lymph were the differences significant (p less than 0.025). Human blood APTT values were significantly less than both sheep blood (p less than 0.05) and sheep intestinal (p less than 0.001) and prefemoral lymph (p less than 0.01). PT values were found to be 21.56 +/- 1.14 seconds in intestinal and 22.00 +/- 1.88 seconds in prefemoral lymph. These values were also significantly greater than those obtained from sheep blood (both p less than 0.001). Human blood PTs were significantly less than both sheep blood (p less than 0.001) and intestinal and prefemoral lymph (both p less than 0.001). Measurement of APTT and PT values in intestinal lymph and PT determinations in prefemoral lymph were not affected by storage in the refrigerator or freezer. There was some indication that APTT values in prefemoral samples were susceptible to storage artifacts; however, the differences in coagulation times were not significant. PMID- 3221718 TI - The lymphogogue action of calcium dobesilate on the flow of lymph from the thoracic duct of anesthetized and mobile guinea pigs. AB - Calcium dobesilate increases thoracic duct lymph flow in both anesthetized and mobile guinea pigs. The marked lymphogogue action of this drug may explain in part the improvement in tissue survival with ischemic insult. PMID- 3221719 TI - Halothane-induced changes in contractions of mesenteric lymphatics of the rat. AB - The effects of halothane on the contraction of mesenteric lymphatics was examined in rats. Following administration of 0.75% or 1.5% halothane, the contraction rate decreased from 10.6 +/- 3.1 to 7.4 +/- 2.5 times/minute and from 13.8 +/- 3.9 to 4.1 +/- 3.5 times/minute, respectively. Halothane caused a dose-dependent suppression of contractile movements of the mesenteric lymphatics. PMID- 3221720 TI - Anterior diaphragmatic lymph nodes. AB - In evaluating patients for malignant disease, involved or uninvolved anterior diaphragmatic lymph nodes (ADLNs) may be observed at computed tomography (CT) evaluation of either the chest or abdomen. While ADLNs have been described on both chest radiography and CT, lymph nodes lateral to the cardiophrenic angles have not been as well illustrated. In this review, we examine the anatomy of the entire group of ADLNs and emphasize the importance of the more laterally placed ADLNs. ADLNs were identified at CT in 125 patients. Lymphoma (41%) was the malignancy most commonly associated with enlarged ADLNs followed by breast cancer (12%), colon cancer (10%) and lung cancer (6%). Twenty other malignancies accounted for 30% of the series. ADLNs lateral to the cardiophrenic angles were half as common as the other ADLNs. Right-sided nodes were more common than left sided ones. Of 71 patients with two or more CT scans, 53 showed change in size of the nodes on follow-up examination. Our data do not support prior reports that suggest that a particular site of origin of malignancy exclusively involves one side or other of the ADLNs. In our experience, knowledge of the location and appearance of the entire group of ADLNs, including those nodes lateral to the cardiophrenic angles, has been useful in planning radiotherapy portals in Hodgkin disease, as well as staging and follow-up of other malignancies. PMID- 3221721 TI - Probit analysis of hospitalization time of children with coeliac disease and protracted diarrhoea. PMID- 3221722 TI - Spontaneous recovery in coeliac disease. PMID- 3221723 TI - Natural history of peptic ulcer in children. Five-year prospective endoscopic examinations. Part I. Incidence and clinical symptoms. PMID- 3221724 TI - Natural history of peptic ulcer in children. Five-year prospective endoscopic examinations. Part II. Healing of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3221725 TI - Natural history of peptic ulcer in children. Five-year prospective endoscopic examinations. Part III. Recurrences of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3221726 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in rare cases of intestinal occlusion in children. PMID- 3221727 TI - Coeliac disease with atypical clinical picture in a girl aged 3 years. PMID- 3221728 TI - Plasma fibronectin in acute leukaemias and during streptokinase therapy. PMID- 3221729 TI - Instability of cellular structures of lymphocytes in patients in long-standing remission after treatment withdrawal in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 3221730 TI - The pattern of changes of nucleoli and lysosomes in the lymphocytes of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia during maintenance treatment and after its withdrawal. PMID- 3221731 TI - Influence of thymus factor (TFX "Polfa") on the ability of granulocytes to absorb neutral latex particles and Staphylococcus aureus in patients treated for long time periods with corticosteroids. PMID- 3221733 TI - The importance of the time factor in the influence of the H-Y antigen. PMID- 3221732 TI - Prostaglandins in the peripheral venous blood of patients with threatening premature labour before and during salbutamol infusion. PMID- 3221735 TI - Pathologic changes in pulmonary tissue of rabbits subjected to various types of vagotomy: truncal, selective and highly selective one. PMID- 3221734 TI - Effect of a single dosis of 96% ethanol on rat gastric mucosa. Part I. Morphological studies. PMID- 3221737 TI - The value of prolonged administration of salbutamol for blocking of excessive uterine contractions in premature labour. PMID- 3221736 TI - Morphology of oesophageal wall after repeated sclerotherapy of varicous veins. PMID- 3221738 TI - A device to evoke acetylcholine release electrically in the guinea pig myenteric plexus/longitudinal muscle preparation through mass electrodes. AB - A stimulator was developed to evoke acetylcholine release in the myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle preparation from the guinea pig ileum. A power output stage was devised to allow a conventional stimulator to drive the low impedance presented by this type of preparation. To eliminate electrode polarization, the polarity of the stimulus is alternated. A peak reading ammeter is included which allows the investigator to monitor the stimulus. PMID- 3221739 TI - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rat. I. Influence of hypertension and myocardial infarction on the development of vascular complications. AB - Streptozotocin diabetes in rats was complicated by spontaneous hypertension (SHR) and myocardial infarction (MIC), considered as "risk groups". Renal function was assessed on the basis of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and albuminuria. BUN increased by 36% in Wistar diabetic group, by 100% in SHR + diabetes, and by 51% in MIR + diabetes. Morphologic changes were assessed by estimation of PAS-positive glycosaminoglycans and measurement of vascular wall thickness of glomerular arterioles. The risk groups showed exaggerated tendency for development of diabetic angiopathy. A significant imbalance between TXA2 and prostacyclin was found, which was reflected by TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolites of TXA2 and prostacyclin, respectively) ratio, which increased by 38% in Wistar diabetic rats, by 61% in SHR + diabetes, and by 133% in MIR + diabetes. These changes correlated very well with increased platelet aggregability (r = 0.70; p less than 0.05) and with increased lipid peroxide level (r = 0.60; p less than 0.05), but neither with total plasma cholesterol (r = 0.20), nor with plasma triglycerides (r = 0.34). Lipid peroxides increased 5-fold in Wistar diabetic rats, 6-fold in SHR + diabetes, and 5.5-fold in MIR + diabetes. A causative relationship between TXA2/PGI2 imbalance and lipid peroxide changes on one hand, and diabetic angiopathy, on the other, was suggested. PMID- 3221741 TI - A comparison of disc agar diffusion and agar dilution for the detection of methicillin resistant staphylococci. AB - Ninety two consecutively occurring clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 71 coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) were tested by disc agar diffusion (DAD) and agar dilution (Mueller Hinton agar with 4% sodium chloride and 6 mcg/ml oxacillin) for methicillin resistance. There were 6 S. aureus and 33 CONS which were resistant to oxacillin. Five discrepancies (CONS) occurred between the two methods, with all indicating susceptibility by DAD and resistance by agar dilution. Four discrepancies were resolved by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. In two of the CONS, the MIC agreed with the DAD results, and in the other two, the MIC agreed with the agar dilution results. Results of this study indicate that DAD is an accurate and acceptable method of detecting methicillin resistance in staphylococci (especially S. aureus) at this institution. PMID- 3221740 TI - Interaction of aminoglycoside antibiotics and calcium channel blockers at the neuromuscular junctions. AB - Aminoglycoside antibiotics (mmol.l-1) gentamicin (0.74), streptomycin (1.02), netilmicin (1.24), amikacin (2.23), sisomicin (2.74), dactimicin (2.75), kanamycin (3.43), kanendomycin (3.45), tobramycin (3.53) and dibekacin (4.35) produce a complete neuromuscular blockade at the isolated phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm preparation of the rat, which is only reversed by calcium chloride. On the other hand, verapamil (2.04 mmol.l-1), a calcium channel blocker, also produces a complete neuromuscular blockade at the above preparation which is reversed by calcium chloride. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are potentially capable of interacting with verapamil and produce a complete neuromuscular blockade at concentrations significantly reduced. The neuromuscular blockade which is produced by the concurrent administration of the aminoglycoside antibiotics and verapamil is obtained with the usual therapeutic blood concentrations of the individual agents. Furthermore, the neuromuscular blockade which is produced during verapamil-aminoglycoside antibiotics interactions is completely reversed after calcium chloride administration. The mechanism by which aminoglycoside antibiotics and verapamil produce neuromuscular blockade must be the same. Both classes of drugs interfere with calcium ions movements through the calcium channels of the membrane of the motor nerve-endings inhibiting acetylcholine release at the synaptic cleft. The interaction of aminoglycoside antibiotics and calcium channel blockers is of clinical significance because when these agents are given concurrently during the perioperative period they may lead to respiratory depression or prolonged apnoea. These respiratory disturbances can be managed by slow intravenous infusion of 50 to 200 mg of calcium gluconate. PMID- 3221742 TI - Determination of warfarin in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A simple procedure for the determination of warfarin in plasma samples is described. The assay involves a single ethereal extraction of warfarin and its internal standard, propyl paraben, from an acidified sample. The extract is evaporated to dryness at 45 degrees C and the residue is redissolved in methanol (50 microliters). A 25-microliters aliquot is injected into the liquid chromatograph and eluted with acetonitrile - 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 3.5 (48:52, v/v) on a C8 pre-column linked to a 5-microns C8 reversed-phase column. The flow rate was set at 1.5 ml min-1 and UV detector at 215 nm. The method has been used to determine plasma concentrations of warfarin in Chinese patients with recent atrial fibrillation scheduled for electrocardioversion. PMID- 3221743 TI - Evaluation of cutaneous absorption and safety of idoxuridine after topical administration. AB - The absorption of a preparation of the antiviral drug 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (idoxuridine or IDU] has been assessed in rats. A 40% w/v solution of 3H-IDU in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was topically applied to rats; cutaneous absorption was determined by morphometric evaluation of autoradiographic preparations of the skin. Passage of the drug to the bloodstream was followed using radioisotopic techniques. In addition, the potential irritative action of the same preparation of IDU was investigated in a more suitable animal model. A predictive guinea pig sensitization study was performed according to the Magnusson and Kligman method. 3H-IDU was detected in the epidermis of the rat 60 min after local application. However, it was not possible to determine noticeable levels of the radiolabelled drug in the circulating blood. Experiments on guinea pigs showed slight transient erythematous responses in three animals of the test group following first challenge, and in one animal of the test group and one of the control group, following the second challenge. The overall results of the sensitization test were negative. These results give experimental support for the safety of the IDU preparation studied. PMID- 3221744 TI - Quantitative comparisons of pharmacokinetic drug interactions: a probabilistic approach. AB - An empirically-based approach which permits the comparison of changes in plasma clearance caused by pharmacokinetic drug-interactions is described. The analysis is based on the calculation of simple probability ratios for defined ranges of clearance changes that are caused by one of the interacting drugs. Examples of drugs increasing the clearance of a second drug through enzyme induction and of drugs decreasing the clearance of a second drug through enzyme inhibition are given. Data for each pair of interacting drugs is empirically fitted using either exponential or logarithmic functions. For each type of interaction a family of curves is generated which permits quantitative comparisons of both the extent and frequency of changes in plasma clearance caused by the interaction. PMID- 3221745 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacology of propafenone enantiomers after oral administration to man. AB - The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behavior of (R)- and (S)-propafenone was investigated in a group of seven healthy volunteers, one of whom belonged to the phenotype of poor debrisoquine hydroxylators. Each volunteer received 250 mg of either enantiomer as a solution in randomized order with a washout period of one week in between. The pharmacodynamic evaluation comprised cardiovascular parameters (HR, PQ, QRS, QT, BP) and tolerability (self-assessment questionnaire, hematology, clinical chemistry). For pharmacokinetic purposes plasma levels of the parent compounds (R, S) and their 5-hydroxylated metabolites (5-R, 5-S) were measured. As expected, there was a small but distinct increase of PQ interval with a maximum 2 h after drug intake. No difference was observed between both enantiomers tested. In the poor hydroxylator prolongation of PQ interval was less compared to extensive metabolizers, though plasma concentrations of the unchanged drug were considerably higher. Inspection of the individual concentration time profiles in the other subjects provided additional evidence that the 5-OH metabolite also contributes to this effect. Other ECG parameters, heart rate and blood pressure remained unaffected. Both enantiomers were well tolerated: no drug related side effects concerning general well-being and laboratory parameters were observed. In contrast to pharmacodynamic effects (on ECG) a distinct enantioselectivity of metabolic and/or distributive processes can be observed in the group of efficient hydroxylators manifesting itself in a lower clearance for R (ratio 0.50 +/- 0.19, probability of error less than 1%), in spite of a higher terminal elimination rate constant (ratio 1.64 +/- 0.63, probability of error less than 10%). This difference cannot be accounted for by the different degrees of protein binding of the enantiomers (fu(R) = 0.076; fu(S) = 0.049). The experience obtained with one poor hydroxylator seems to indicate that enantioselectivity in terms of oral clearance Cl/F might be lost in this phenotype. The distinctly lower clearance values for the poor hydroxylator when compared to the corresponding data for efficient hydroxylators, seem to be the reflection of the lower metabolic capacity of this phenotype. PMID- 3221747 TI - Professional, financial and administrative challenges confronting nurse administrators today. PMID- 3221746 TI - Comparative study of the multiple dose pharmacokinetics and the tolerance of a new NSAID (droxicam) versus piroxicam in healthy volunteers. AB - A controlled, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial has been performed in healthy volunteers in order to study the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of droxicam in comparison with piroxicam, when both drugs were administered at a dose of 20 mg/day for 20 days. Since transformation into piroxicam takes place in the gastrointestinal tract, unchanged droxicam was not detected in plasma. Steady state of plasma piroxicam concentrations was reached in all volunteers during the course of the study. Absorption kinetics of droxicam were delayed with respect to those of piroxicam (t1/2 a = 7.55 h for droxicam and 1.78 h for piroxicam). The remaining pharmacokinetical parameters studied showed no statistically significant differences. The bioavailability of both drugs was equal. Tolerability of droxicam and piroxicam was as usual for the NSAIDs, and no clinical or analytical side effects which could hinder its administration to wider populations were detected. Statistically significant differences in the number and type of side effects detected in the two treatment groups were not encountered. PMID- 3221748 TI - [Determination of the functional indices of external respiration on the SPIRO-18B hydraulic spirometer]. PMID- 3221750 TI - [Acute disorder of the cerebral circulation in the brain stem]. PMID- 3221749 TI - [Methodological aspects of hemosorption]. PMID- 3221752 TI - [Care of patients in the acute period of a cerebral stroke]. PMID- 3221751 TI - [Aneurysms of the cerebral vessels]. PMID- 3221753 TI - [Characteristics of the work of the nurse in the dental office of a sanatorium preventorium]. PMID- 3221754 TI - [The role of x-ray study methods in pediatric practice]. PMID- 3221755 TI - [The interaction of drugs acting predominantly on the CNS]. PMID- 3221756 TI - [Deontological aspects of the care for patients with eye diseases]. PMID- 3221757 TI - [Characteristics of the work of a nurse in a department of resuscitation and intensive therapy for children]. PMID- 3221759 TI - Twelve tips for lecturers. PMID- 3221758 TI - Socio-economic status and aspirations of Third World medical entrants: a Sri Lankan study. PMID- 3221760 TI - What is an OSCE? PMID- 3221761 TI - The teaching of medical interviewing skills: a case study in course development and evaluation. PMID- 3221763 TI - Surgical clerk's case experience: a learning experience? PMID- 3221764 TI - Simulation of initial medical problem-solving: a test for the assessment of medical problem-solving. PMID- 3221762 TI - The educational value of student encounter logs in a psychiatry clerkship. PMID- 3221765 TI - Problem-based learning in medical schools: a new approach. PMID- 3221766 TI - Peer review of class handouts. PMID- 3221767 TI - Professionalism in graduate medical education. PMID- 3221768 TI - Evaluation of a faculty development program for family physicians. PMID- 3221769 TI - A packaged workshop for teaching critical reading of the medical literature. PMID- 3221770 TI - Electives in the McMaster MD programme. PMID- 3221771 TI - Attitudes to education in Sri Lankan general practice. PMID- 3221772 TI - [Expert statistical methods of constructing algorithms for the prognosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3221773 TI - [Hardware and software for automated systems in the collection, processing, representation and control of medico-biological information]. PMID- 3221774 TI - [A medical terminal based on a microcomputer]. AB - Herein are described purpose and field of application of the medical DVK-2M microcomputer based terminal. This system will be used to accumulate, preliminary process and feed the medico-physiological information to the consulting diagnostic centre. Were studied the channel data feed control protocol and protective algorithm of the transferred information including error correction. Information on the medical network structure is proposed as well. PMID- 3221776 TI - [An automated screening system for the electrocardiographic examination of children]. PMID- 3221775 TI - [An automated system for the preventive mass screening of the pediatric population (ASPON-D)]. AB - Herein are described the problems that deal with the computer aided prophylactic medical examination of children population. Questions devoted to the development of the medical software ASPON-D, the technologies of children's examination and development of the specialised experimental system are described here as well. A brief summary of the feasibility study that can be applied for the alternative systems used for the practical public health aims and the results of the experimental operation test are presented. PMID- 3221777 TI - [The EMGST-01 2-channel unit for stimulated electromyography]. PMID- 3221778 TI - [A model of municipal automated screening centers]. PMID- 3221779 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in tropical regions: African foci]. PMID- 3221780 TI - [Clinical manifestations of infection with (HIV) human immunodeficiency virus in Africans. Comparison of cases observed in Africa and Europe]. AB - The AIDS case definition of Bangui WHO workshop is more convenient for Africa and increases the number of cases reported to WHO. Natural history of HIV infection is the same in Africa as in the developed countries of western world. The clinical pattern of African Aids is mainly the result of opportunistic infections and specially those involving the intestinal tract. Some of them are more frequent in tropical area as Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis. The follow up of seropositive patients is more difficult in Africa, due to technical problems of use and interpretation of some tools (antigenemia... lymphocytes CD4 count...). PMID- 3221783 TI - [Clinical aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Central Africa: 6 years' experience at a hospital in an endemic area]. AB - In Bangui (Central African Republic), where seroprevalence of HIV is 11% in the adult population, AIDS presents some clinical aspects different from the ones known in the west; the clinical experience reported in this paper is based on 504 cases infested by HIV group 4; diagnosis is very often made thanks to the clinical score recommended by World Health Organization (predictive value of 66%). Predominant manifestations (14%) are: asthenia (100%), emaciation (100%), fever (88%), diarrhea (42%), pulmonary attacks (37%), adenopathies, cutaneous manifestations (35%), neurological manifestations (14%). Some affections call for HIV infection with a significant predictive value: herpes zoster (96%), Kaposi's symptom (68%), mouth candidiasis (71%), pulmonary tuberculosis (56%: as far as some others are concerned, HIV has to be suspected: infant denutrition, acute infections, neurological disorders. Development is severe: 45% of the patients examined died in the 4 months coming after diagnosis. Epidemiology speaking, they are young patients (mean age 27.4 years), neither addicted nor "doped", heterosexual with multiple partners, with female prostitution occasionally; sex ratio is 0.95. Recognized transmission by transfusion is the exception (2/504). The transmission due to vaccination or injection is rare and difficult to evaluate. Only radical alteration of sexual behaviour will modify HIV dissemination. PMID- 3221781 TI - [Human immunodeficiency virus infections (HIV-1 and HIV-2) in Dakar. Epidemiologic and clinical aspects]. AB - The authors report on the results of an investigation carried out on 109 HIV seropositives ascertained by the Dakar Central Hospital between February 20, 1987 and May 31, 1988. These seropositives affected 44 patients with AIDS (0.78% of admitted patients) and 65 seropositive people of which 43 blood donors (1.35% of donors). Both viruses are present in about equal number: 50 HIV1 seropositives, 44 HIV2 seropositives, and 15 composite seropositives. Sex-ratio is 3,9 in favour of males; this figure is nearer to the one observed in Europe and North American than the one observed in Central Africa where there is equality between both sex. Clinical patterns are dominated by a bad general status: lost of weight, fever, diarrhea, polyadenopathiae, pneumopathiae, meningoencephalitis. Kaposi's sarcoma and cryptococcal meningitis have been observed only four times. Development of the infection lead to death for 12 patients during the 16 months of the investigation. Both viruses are responsible for an equal immunodepression, leading to the same potential severity. Immunodepression might be acquired more slowly with HIV2, so strongly suggesting an incubation apparently lasting more. PMID- 3221782 TI - [Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Mali]. AB - This review summarises epidemiological and clinical data of HIV infection who was recognized in Mali since 1985. The most important rate of seropositivity for HIV is observed in the prostitutes group (40%). The estimated seroprevalence for adult population is between 1% and 5%. 46 cases for AIDS are reported in both sexes. The mean age is 35 years. Main signs are weight loss (91%), fever (80%), diarrhea (70%) and lymphadenopathy (50%). Three among the five cases of Kaposi's sarcoma are aggressive. 19.5% of AIDS have antibodies to HIV1, 41.3% to HIV2 and 39.1% to HIV1 and HIV2. Death rate is more than 50%. These data are compared with other countries of Africa. PMID- 3221784 TI - [Principle aspects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in adults in Burundi]. AB - The authors describe their experience of the infection by the virus of the human immunodeficiency HIV-1 in Burundi. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was brought to light in 1983 by the emergence of cryptococcal meningitis, Kaposi's sarcomas, disseminated candidiasis. 109 cases of infection by the virus of the human immunodeficiency (HIV) AIDS related complex, or acquired immunodeficiency syndromes, were observed in 8 months and are related in this paper. The authors elucidate the spread and amplify the role played by lorry drivers. The frequency of recent case history: tuberculosis, zona, sexually transmitted diseases (41%). Clinical manifestations have been studied according to their clinical stage: 28 patients are AIDS related complex (25%), 81 are acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. One have to notice the frequency of tuberculosis at the stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, of digestive parasitoses, not only coccidiosis, but also strongyloidiasis and colonic amoebiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and encephalopathies caused by the virus of human immunodeficiency (HIV) at the period of AIDS. Lethal evolution is fast: 28 out of the 81 AIDS were observed up to their end, occurring in less than 60 days, as an average. Lastly, numerous opportunistic infections cannot be diagnosed because the lack of technical facilities. PMID- 3221785 TI - [Clinical and developmental aspects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Congo (the experience of the medical service of the Hopital Central des Armees Pierre Mobengo - Brazzaville)]. AB - During a period of 20 months, 204 cases of AIDS were diagnosed among adults in the Medicine Department of the Pierre Mobengo Armed Forces Central Hospital, Brazzaville. The authors review the clinical and evolutive aspects in admitted patients during these period of time, taking into consideration the problems of diagnosis, treatment and monitoring, according to the conditions of practice. Individuality of AIDS in Central Africa is underlined by its different features. AIDS strikes heterosexual people with multiple partners, with a sex-ratio near to 1. In a patient more often cachectic and febrile, some digestive manifestations occurred, mainly diarrheal, early, neurological, of bad prognosis. Pulmonary manifestations (above all tuberculosis superinfection) and cutaneous manifestations often characteristic, are less frequent and mainly different from the ones observed in Europe and North America. Fast evolution is underlined. These characteristics of AIDS in Central Africa, of course subordinate to the medical context, seem mainly linked to a peculiarity of the disease, in close relationship with the density of the infection, diathesis and opportunistic environment, all very different. PMID- 3221786 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Gabon. Apropos of 23 cases at the internal medicine service of the hospital centers in Libreville and Franceville, 1985-1987]. AB - In 1986 prevalence rates of anti-HIV1 antibodies in randomly selected asymptomatic gabonese population ranged from 0.2% in rural areas to, 1.8% in Libreville (the largest town). We report the first description of AIDS cases observed in the hospitals of Libreville and Franceville between 1985 and 1987. 23 patients (14 males, 9 females) met the clinical diagnosis criteria for AIDS according to the provisional WHO clinical case definition for AIDS. 21 of them were gaboneses. The mean age of patients was 32.8, only one child was observed (blood transfused sickle-cell anemia). The only risk factor that we observed three times was blood transfusion. The clinical presentation of those cases will be described. 22 were positive for anti-HIV1 antibodies by Western-Blot analysis of their sera, one was anti-HIV2 positive (a congolese man hospitalized in Franceville for severe weight loss and pulmonary tuberculosis). PMID- 3221787 TI - [Epidemiologic surveillance of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 6 states of Central Africa]. AB - Since 1985, OCEAC, the organization for control of widespread endemic disease in Central Africa, has managed an epidemiological surveillance programme concerning HIV infection and AIDS in six countries of the Sub-Region: Cameroon, Tchad, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. This programme consists in evaluating longitudinally incidence rates of infection and clinical cases, and mortality rates. It is based on a selective strategy using a network of sentinels (hospitals and maternity care consultation centers), completed by cross sectional epidemiological studies. Thanks to this programme high risk groups of population, high risk places and high risk activities have been identified. These observations will be used to plan national prevention programmes on AIDS. PMID- 3221788 TI - [Prevalence of carriers of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2) in South Cameroon. Results of attempts to isolate retroviruses]. AB - In this work are summarized the results of the serological investigations about HIV1 and HIV2 done since 1986 in the Republic of Cameroon, using the Henderson's cluster sampling method (2). With regard to neighbour countries' results, the prevalence of specific antibodies against HIV1 is weak (less than or equal to 0.5%). This is confirmed by the few number of AIDS (53) since 1985. The prevalence of the HIV2 antibodies carriers is null. Since 1987, the Centre Pasteur of Cameroon is able to isolate retrovirus. The lymphocyte cultures from false positive samples were always negatives. PMID- 3221789 TI - [Evaluation of the work conducted by the Madagascar Pasteur Institute in the study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity in that country]. AB - Since late 1985, the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar has studied the problem of the distribution of HIV in the island. With the approval and cooperation of the Malagasy Ministry of Health, a number of different surveys have been undertaken, particularly of those sections of the population diagnosed as being of "high risk". In 1987, a Malagasy prostitute from the country's second largest port was identified as seropositive. One case of clinical AIDS was diagnosed in 1988 in a Franco-Malagasy subject living in NOSY BE. Systematic tests for seropositivity among women with multiple partners in nine "high-risk" areas of the country are applied. The aim of this survey during 1988 is to make such groups aware of the vital necessity of overcoming the problem by preventing its growth by taking appropriate measures. The IPM has obtained government approval and has established the facilities to confirm findings of seropositivity among the population of Madagascar. PMID- 3221791 TI - [Zona in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in Bangui (Central Africa)]. AB - In Bangui (Central African Republic) where HIV1 prevalence was 7.8% in 1987, 61 cases of herpes zoster have been studied: 17 "during" AIDS and 44 "isolated" cases. During AIDS, herpes zoster has no prognosis value. When it seems to be "isolated", herpes zoster is closely linked to HIV1: 42 seropositives out of 44 (predictive value of 95%) and it announces the outbreak of AIDS in the 2 years to come. PMID- 3221790 TI - [Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection in the Central African Republic]. AB - In order to determine the proportion of tuberculosis (TB) patients in Bangui (Central African Republic) infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we collected prospectively serum samples from all new TB patients seen at the University Hospital in Bangui during a three-month period (nov. 87-Jan. 88). 220 serum samples were tested for antibodies to HIV, by an Elisa assay and confirmed by Western-Blot. The general HIV seropositivity rate among TB patients was 27.7% (31.2% in adults (N = 183), and 10.8% in children (N = 37)). Within the adult population, there was non association between HIV infection and sex or previous history of TB. Seropositivity was more common in patients with extrapulmonary TB, especially lymphadenitis, and in patients with mediastinal adenopathy, or extensive pulmonary involvement without cavitation. Seropositivity was also strongly associated with negative tuberculin skin tests, chronic diarrhoea, generalized lymphadenopathy, and thrush. It is concluded that HIV infection is responsible for the increasing incidence of tuberculosis in Central African Republic, and that investigations for TB should be carried out in every symptomatic African patient infected with HIV. PMID- 3221794 TI - A note on the neighbor-joining algorithm of Saitou and Nei. PMID- 3221793 TI - Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the Drosophila obscura group. AB - We report a restriction-site study of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of seven species of the Drosophila obscura group. One species (D. azteca) belongs to the affinis subgroup; the other six species are classified in the obscura subgroup, three of them being from the old-world species (D. obscura, D. ambigua, and D. subobscura) and three from the new-world species (D. pseudoobscura, D. persimilis, and D. miranda). The mtDNA patterns suggest that the phylogeny of the group needs to be revised. The Nearctic obscura species appear as more closely related to D. azteca (affinis subgroup) than to the Palearctic species. The three Palearctic species are, in turn, a very heterogeneous group, with D. obscura no more closely related to D. subobscura and D. ambigua than to D. affinis or the Nearctic obscura species. The rates of mtDNA evolution are variable: some lineages have evolved at rates two or three times greater than others. If an average rate of 0.5% nucleotide substitutions/Myr is assumed, the divergence among the four main lineages in the phylogeny would have occurred 12-15 Myr ago, during the Miocene, which is consistent with biogeographic information. PMID- 3221792 TI - [Immunization against the human immunodeficiency virus in Zaire]. AB - The first experimental immunization of human against the AIDS retrovirus HIV-1 was started in a series of HIV seronegative healthy volunteers in november 1986. Priming used a vaccinia virus recombinant (V25) expressing Gp 160 env determinants of HTLV III B at the surface of infected cells. This priming which induced a weak immune reaction was performed on HIV seronegative French and Zairian individuals living in Zaire (Kinshasa). These results prompted to boost the primary immune response. Four different protocols were used: slow drip intravenous infusion with paraformaldehyde fixed autologous cells infected with V25 (first protocol), repeated scarification with V25 for the second protocol. The third protocol used scarifications with fragment of Gp 120 env protein, and the fourth protocol used intramuscular injections of purified autologous cell membrane infected with V25. Results of the immune reaction obtained after these boosts: The three last protocols showed a cell mediated immunity (CMI) that not significantly enhanced in comparison with CMI obtained after V25 priming alone. Moreover, the sera showed low and variable neutralizing antibodies titers one to four months after boosting. By contrast boosting with V25 infected fixed cells (D.Z. individual) provide strong humoral and cellular group specific anamnestic immune response. Indeed, high levels of antibodies to viral envelope and neutralizing antibodies against divergent HIV-1 strains were observed. Group specific CMI and cell mediated cytotoxicity were enhanced by boosts. Skin-tests showed high mediated and delayed hypersensitivity to GP 160 in vivo. For the first time, these results show that an immune stage against HIV can be obtained in a man. PMID- 3221795 TI - Fibrinopeptide A and fibrinopeptide B beta 15-42 in patients with Behcet's disease. AB - Plasma levels of FPA and FPB beta 15-42 in patients with Behcet's disease were examined. In the patients, the mean levels of FPA and FPB beta 15-42 were significantly higher than controls (p less than 0.001). Fibrinolysis subsequent to coagulation may be activated in the patients. The levels of both FPA and FPB beta 15-42 were higher during attack than in remission. The caution should be taken these levels to understand the disease activity. PMID- 3221796 TI - Optic pit versus glaucomatous cupping in a myopic patient. AB - A myopic patient with bilaterally deep cupping of her optic discs and an arcuate scotoma in the bjerrum area in the right eye and borderline IOP is presented. The problem of diagnosing a glaucomatous process in this patient is discussed. PMID- 3221797 TI - The lens's response to exogenous hydrogen peroxide. AB - Rat lenses treated with greater than 0.06 mM hydrogen peroxide (HP) appeared to sustain epithelial damage, particularly a loss of enzymes including hexokinase, which controls the supply of glucose-6-phosphate. This may account for the lower level of hexose monophosphate shunt activation observed in these lenses. Other alterations include a decrease of lactate production and disturbance to ionic balance. These changes occurred despite HP removal by glutathione reductase/peroxidase system, catalase and other mechanisms. This suggests an inherent weakness for the lens to resist stresses from high levels of HP. Further, competition for NADPH between aldose reductase and glutathione reductase apparently affects the lens's ability to detoxify HP. This implies a role for oxidation in diabetic cataractogenesis. PMID- 3221798 TI - Late results of surgery for congenital esotropia. AB - In a retrospective study we evaluated the surgical outcome in 46 children with congenital estropia who were followed up for at least two years. The results support the concept of early operation for congenital estropia. Evaluation of the effect of simultaneous weakening of the inferior obliques proved statistically that this reduced the effect of recession-resection of the horizontal recti. PMID- 3221799 TI - Ocular complications in meningitis: "fifteen years study". AB - The incidence of ocular complications in 4102 patients with meningitis was studied during a 15 year period. Cranial nerve involvement was detected in 23% of patients (sixth cranial nerve in 16.5%; third and seventh nerve in 3.0% each; and fourth and fifth nerve in 0.1% each). Pupillary changes were detected in 82% and fundus changes in 5.2% of patients. PMID- 3221800 TI - Ability of bacteria isolated from the hospital environment to proliferate in infusion fluids. AB - The ability of some bacteria isolated from environmental sources to grow in commonly administered infusion fluids was investigated. Infusion fluids may become contaminated with bacteria present in the environment in which they are being administered and the ability of such bacteria to proliferate within commonly used infusion fluids is therefore clinically significant. Bacteria present in the air and sink drains in wards at the Ife State Hospital were isolated, identified, and comprised fifteen Gram-positive and five Gram-negative organisms. Fourteen of the organisms obtained were introduced into sterile distilled water and five different infusion fluid preparations and were monitored over a 48 h period. It was found that, in general, Gram-positive organisms did not grow in the fluids used, while Gram-negative organisms were able to proliferate in the same fluids. Some Gram-positive organisms showed remarkable ability to remain viable in infusion fluids for more than 48 h. PMID- 3221801 TI - Ultrastructural study on Japanese isolates of spotted fever group rickettsiae. AB - Japanese isolates of spotted fever group rickettsiae were observed under a transmission electron microscope. In Vero cells persistently infected with Japanese isolates, small numbers of intracytoplasmic rickettsiae were seen. On the other hand, moderate numbers of rickettsiae were found in the cytoplasm of productively infected BHK cells. The electron-lucent, halo-like zone was found to surround organisms in the cytoplasm of their host cells, which is a prominent characteristic of spotted fever group rickettsiae. Fine structural features of the cell wall revealed thin outer and thick inner leaflets like those observed in other spotted fever group rickettsiae. PMID- 3221803 TI - Civil damages--the need for radical reform. PMID- 3221802 TI - The use of DNA profiling in linking serial murders. PMID- 3221804 TI - Law and medicine--a Scottish viewpoint. PMID- 3221805 TI - Anaesthesia--the report on peri-operative deaths. PMID- 3221806 TI - [Recurrent ulcers following stomach resection in Billroth II and Billroth I stomachs. Different patterns of distribution]. PMID- 3221807 TI - [Skin changes in hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 3221808 TI - [Methodology and value of percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage]. PMID- 3221809 TI - [The AIDS patient with miliary tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis and herpes infection]. PMID- 3221810 TI - Regional depletion of adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, and glucose in ischemic hippocampus. AB - The selective vulnerability of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampal region in ischemic rat brain may be preceded by regional alterations of energy metabolism during early reperfusion. We measured ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and glucose in paramedian and lateral CA1 and in an area showing little postischemic cell loss, CA2. ATP levels in paramedian CA1 were depressed immediately after 30 min of ischemia (P less than or equal to 0.02) and remained abnormal after 2 hr of reperfusion (P less than or equal to 0.05). PCr was reduced substantially in both subdivisions of CA1 immediately after ischemia (P less than or equal to 0.04) but returned to normal levels after 2 hr. Glucose levels were depressed in paramedian CA1 and CA2 after ischemia (P less than or equal to 0.02) but corrected with reperfusion. We determined approximately P, the sum of ATP and PCr, in separate experiments investigating regional differences in consumption of high-energy phosphate metabolites during complete ischemia. The approximately P levels of rats subjected to 30 min of reversible ischemia followed by 2 hr of reperfusion showed a different pattern of regional differences from those seen in sham ischemic animals (P less than or equal to 0.01), indicating a persistent depression of metabolic rate in CA1 during reperfusion. We conclude that regional depletion of high-energy phosphates and alteration of metabolic rate may contribute to the selective vulnerability of the CA1 region during brain ischemia. PMID- 3221812 TI - Effect of endotoxin and immunoglobulin on the course of experimental hepatic encephalopathy. AB - A single intraperitoneal dose of endotoxin (500 micrograms) shortened the time for development of hepatic coma by 27% in 300-g rats that had an end-to-side portacaval shunt followed within 48 hr by hepatic artery ligation. The body temperature of the rats was maintained at 37 degrees C, and the endotoxin was injected just after the hepatic artery was ligated. Controls were injected similarly with saline. The time to death was also shortened by 27%. A single intravenous dose of immunoglobulin (150 mg) delayed the time from the massive hepatic ischemia to the onset of hepatic coma by 19%. The immunoglobulin was injected just after the portacaval shunt was completed. Controls were injected similarly with 0.6 ml of 25% human serum albumin. While not large, these opposite effects of endotoxin and immunoglobulin were highly significant statistically. These observations complement the findings in human liver failure. PMID- 3221811 TI - Glucose transfer into rat brain during acute and chronic hyperglycemia. AB - Chronic hyperglycemia has been reported to decrease the maximum velocity of glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier by 30 to 40%. However, available measurements of brain glucose content during chronic hyperglycemia are consistent with an unaltered transport system. Because of this discrepancy the brain capillary permeability-surface area product (PA) was measured in awake-restrained rats during acute and chronic hyperglycemia. Acute hyperglycemia was produced by intraperitoneal injection of glucose, and chronic hyperglycemia was produced by treatment with streptozotocin. PA was measured using an intravenous tracer method. PA decreased during hyperglycemia, consistent with saturation kinetics for transfer. However, PA was similar in acutely and chronically hyperglycemic rats. These data suggest that down-regulation of facilitated glucose transport into the brain does not occur during chronic hyperglycemia. PMID- 3221813 TI - [Usefulness of the determination of antigliadin antibodies (AGA) in the approach to and monitoring of celiac disease. Case series contribution]. PMID- 3221815 TI - [Food allergies in pediatrics]. PMID- 3221814 TI - [Hypercalciuria in children with monosymptomatic microscopic hematuria]. PMID- 3221816 TI - [Study of stereopsis using the Lang and Titmus stereo-tests to assess the presence of changes in binocular vision of children with mental retardation]. PMID- 3221818 TI - [Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 3221817 TI - [Treatment of bladder-urethral dysfunction in childhood]. PMID- 3221819 TI - [Wolfram's syndrome. Description of 2 cases]. PMID- 3221820 TI - [Kawasaki disease: a disease that is not always easy to identify]. PMID- 3221821 TI - Muscle diseases. PMID- 3221822 TI - [Study on the lymphatic flow of the lower gastric region for radical lymphadenectomy in advanced lower gastric cancer]. AB - A prognosis of patients with a curative resected advanced cancer of the lower gastric region was worse than that of the other region of the stomach. The 5 year survival rate was only 47.3%. One of the main reasons was that a rate of lymph node recurrence was higher. In this point of view, we studied on lymphatic flow of the lower gastric region using an activated carbon particle (CH40). Lymph nodes were stained black soon after the injection of CH40 into the lower gastric wall at laparotomy. The black stained rate of an each regional lymph node was as follows. 3. 58%, 4. 17%, 5. 50%, 6. 25%, 1. 21%, 7. 58%, 8. 83%, 9. 58%, 11. 17% and 12. 33% in case of injection into the greater curvature and and 4. 31%, 6. 100%, 8. 25%, 9. 25%, 14V and 56% in case of injection into the lesser curvature. The stained rate was relatively high in 12 and 14V lymph node which we had not routinely dissected. The rates of lymph nodes stained black were related to those of cancer metastasis. The results suggest that lymphadenectomy of 12 for the cancer at the lesser curvature and that of 14V for the cancer at the greater curvature might make a prognosis of lower gastric cancer better. PMID- 3221823 TI - [An experimental endoscopic study on intestinal ischemic lesions in dogs with special reference to fluorescence endoscopy]. AB - In order to clarify the pathophysiology of intestinal ischemic lesions and to make a useful method for the prediction of fate of the ischemic bowel, we devised an experimental model to produce the disorder. Microbarium of 0.5 micrometer in diameter was injected into a branch of the superior mesenteric artery of adult mongrel dogs. The severity of the ischemic lesions depended on the amount of microbarium injected, and lesions could be classified into three types; transient, stricturing and gangrenous, similar to clinical cases. Endoscopic examination was performed, accompanied with fluorescence endoscopy. Fluorescein could not be observed in all types soon after microbarium injection. In the transient type, fluorescein was observed after only a few days in an evenly distributed pattern. However in the stricturing type, the appearance of fluorescein was delayed, and an irregular pattern was observed in about 1 week. The submucosal blood flow was measured by hydrogen clearance method. The fluorescence endoscopic findings were nearly compatible with changes of submucosal blood flow. Fluorescence endoscopy is easily performed and appears to be highly useful in the differentiation of these three types of ischemia in the early stages. PMID- 3221824 TI - [Prediction of the hematogenic metastasis and local recurrence of rectal cancer by quantification of the clinico-pathological factors]. AB - Clinico-pathological features of rectal cancers which caused hematogenic metastases, such as liver, lung and bone metastases, or local recurrence were studied. The influence of clinico-pathological factors on hematogenic metastases or local recurrence was quantified by using multivariate analysis. This study revealed that the degree of advance of the cancer like lymph node metastases and the extent of cancer cell invasion in rectal wall had great influence on hematogenic metastases. It also revealed that the character of the cancer, such as macroscopic figure, histological type, age and localization, had great influence on local recurrence. The personal score which was obtained by adding each score of clinico-pathological factors was related to the hematogenic metastasis or local recurrence. This score was thought to be useful for the prediction of the hematogenic metastasis and local recurrence of rectal cancer. PMID- 3221825 TI - [A pathological study of relatively early stage cancers of the gallbladder, and the significance of the full thickness cholecystectomy]. AB - The mode of extension of relatively early-stage gallbladder cancer(ss) was studied by microscopic serial sections in 25 patients. We also investigated the detached surface of the liver bed and gallbladder wall. No intrahepatic infiltration was noted in ss cancer and no recurrence occurred in the liver bed surface when a full-thickness resection was performed. The ss cancers in the fundus and in the body were found to extend subserously in the direction of the cervix or circumferentially. The infiltration reached the surrounding area of the common hepatic duct in 3 cases. Mucosal expansion showed the same directional tendency, but usually did not reach the cystic duct. On the other hand, the ss cancers of the cervix and the cystic duct frequently showed subserosal extension into the periductal interstitial tissue in the hepatoduodenal ligament. These results suggest that recurrence of ss cancers of the fundus and body after simple cholecystectomy might be partially caused by incomplete resection of the liver bed portion of the gallbladder wall, and a full-thickness cholecystectomy for cholecystolithiasis was considered to be useful to decrease the risk of recurrence of occult gallbladder carcinoma. PMID- 3221827 TI - [Measurement of cellular DNA content in thyroid tumors by the flow cytometer]. AB - Cellular DNA contents measured by flow cytometer were analysed in relation to histopathological classification and clinicopathological findings in 94 patients with thyroid tumors. The DNA determination was carried out on both tumor tissues and surrounding thyroid tissues. As an indicator of tumor growth, proliferative index (PI) and DNA index were calculated from DNA histograms. The PI value (mean +/- SD) was 32.5 in medullary carcinoma, 31.3 +/- 10.2 in follicular carcinoma, 28.2 +/- 6.2 in papillary carcinoma, 21.6 +/- 4.4 in follicular adenoma, and 20.6 +/- 4.4 in adenomatous goiter, respectively, whereas the value in normal thyroid tissues was 4.1 +/- 2.2. PI values in the surrounding thyroid tissues in cases of follicular and papillary carcinomas were significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than those of the corresponding cancer tissues, but they were higher than that of the normal tissues. The DNA index and frequencies of aneuploidy were 1.15 and 50.0% in medullary carcinoma; 1.25 +/- 0.27 and 66.7% in follicular carcinoma; 1.19 +/- 0.25 and 64.2% in papillary carcinoma; 1.01 +/- 0.04 and 9.3% in follicular adenoma; and 1.00 +/- 0.00% in adenomatous goiter. The result implies that PI value and DNA index are relatively correlated with clinicopathological criteria of malignancy of individual thyroid tumors, and they may become a putative tool for determination of the biological malignancy. PMID- 3221826 TI - [Experimental study on the pathogenesis of pulmonary insufficiency in acute pancreatitis and changes in the pulmonary surfactant]. AB - Serious pulmonary complications are often associated with acute pancreatitis. The destruction of pulmonary surfactant by the action of pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2), together with pulmonary edema, is considered an important etiopathogenic factor of acute respiratory insufficiency. This experimental study was undertaken to elucidate the destruction of pulmonary surfactant in acute pancreatitis using the lung pressure volume curve (P-V curve). Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in mongrel dogs by a retrograde injection of Na-taurocholate into the main pancreatic duct. Pulmonary surface tension was measured by P-V curve and the effect of PLA2 on pulmonary surfactant was assessed by the ratio of lysolecithin and lecithin, which are essential components of pulmonary surfactant (Ly/Le) in lung wash. Extravascular lung water volume (Ww/Dw) and blood gases were also measured. The value of Ly/Le and serum PLA2 rose significantly from the 3rd hour. On the contrary, no significant differences were seen on P-V curve until the 12th hour but after 20 hours surface tension increased significantly. Ww/Dw and A-aDO2 increased after 3 and 12 hours, respectively. These findings, the degradation of lecithin and the elevation of surface tension accompanied with an increase of serum PLA2, suggest that pulmonary surfactant is destroyed in severe acute pancreatitis, and that the increased capillary permeability of the lung precedes the deterioration of surface tension as the cause of pulmonary insufficiency. PMID- 3221828 TI - [Establishment and characterization of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line KUM.LK 2 which produces spontaneous lung metastasis by subcutaneous implantation in nude mice]. AB - Characterization were newly established at the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line KUM.LK-2 which produced spontaneous lung metastasis by subcutaneous implantation in nude mouse. KUM.LK-2 cell line was established from the 2nd generation of nude mouse serially transplanted human lung adenocarcinoma. KUM.LK 2 produced spontaneous lung metastasis when cells were implanted into subcutaneous tissue of nude mice. Metastasis was not found in the cases of intramuscular implantation and intravenous injection of these cells. KUM.LK-2 cell produced Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in vitro, but these tumor markers were not detected in the sera of KUM.LK-2 transplanted nude mice. From this study the model of human cancer with spontaneous lung metastasis was established. It was suggested that metastasis of human cancer in the nude mouse could not be determined by blood supply and new vascular genesis only. And it was concluded that usefulness of nude mice as an amplifier of tumor marker is varied with tumor lines. PMID- 3221829 TI - [Early detection of central nervous system dysfunction during cardiopulmonary bypass using EEG monitoring]. AB - The EEG was monitored in fifty-four patients during and after various surgeries requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to assist in the early detection of central nervous system dysfunction (CNSD). Bilateral frontopolar EEG signals were processed with a 2-channel, real-time Fast-Fourier-Transformer (FFT) analyser and Compressed Spectral Arrays (CSA) were obtained. The fifty-four patients were divided into 3 groups based upon clinical outcome; Group 1: patients without CNSD (83%); Group 2: patients with delayed recovery from anesthesia but without CNSD (4%); and Group 3: patients with apparent postoperative CNSD (13%). There was no difference in the CSA among these groups prior to rewarming, but after the rewarming phase, two distinct sets emerged. Groups 1 and 2 showed a shift of the CSA predominant peak from a low frequency to a higher frequency. On the other hand, Group 3 patients demonstrated either stable predominant peaks in the lower frequencies or gradual flattening of the CSA. We conclude that the intra operative EEG monitoring is a useful tool for the early detection of CNSD during and after CPB. PMID- 3221831 TI - [A new procedure for prevention of MNMS using a plasma filter]. AB - In order to prevent myonephropathic metabolic syndrome (MNMS) following acute arterial occlusion of the extremities, the efficacy of plasma filtration to eliminate myoglobin which causes acute renal failure and other metabolites was evaluated by experimental model. Twenty five mongrel dogs weighing 10 to 20 kg were used. Infra-renal aorta and unilateral femoral arteries were ligated and 2/3 of the femoral muscle was carved. After 24 hrs, these ligations were released and thrombectomy was carried out. The dogs were divided into two groups: Group 1 was consisted of the dogs without any treatment and group 2 dogs were treated by plasma filtration. The changes in serum myoglobin, potassium, lactic acid and etc. were compared between the two groups. The plasma filter was hollow-fiber type that was made of polypropylene fiber. The serum level of myoglobin, potassium, CPK, GOT and BUN tended to decrease remarkably after revascularization in group 2 in contrast with those in group 1. There were statistically significant differences between the corresponding data of the two groups. Although the lactic acid levels were lower in group 2 than group 1, those were not significant statistically. In conclusion, the application of plasma filter was effective for the treatment of hyperkalemia and removal of myoglobin and unknown moderate molecular weight pathogenic substances to prevent MNMS. PMID- 3221830 TI - [A new surgical method for the creation of atrial septal defects]. AB - For the creation of atrial septal defect (ASD), we have developed a new method (Method I) using modified Harken blade for the closed commissurotomy, in which the membranous septum of the fossa ovalis was incised in case of patent foramen ovale (PFO). When there was no or very narrow PFO, we applied Schuster's procedure to create defect in the muscular and membranous septum, however, it was sometimes found the bridging of remnant of membranous septum was left. So that, we have applied the Method I to cut it off (Method II). Up to date, eleven patients were operated with the Method I, and three patients with the Method II. As the results, nearly no pressure gradient between right and left atrium was detected postoperatively. In two cases, sufficiently created ASDs were confirmed at radical surgery. Because of the safety and reliability, our new procedures appear to be more advantageous in comparing to conventional Blalock-Hanlon or other procedures. PMID- 3221832 TI - [Hoarseness after removing a cervical schwannoma--a case report]. AB - A 54-year-old man complained of asymptomatic lump in the right parotid gland region. The lump was well movable and had no fixation to the adjacent tissue. The lump was surgically extirpated and histological sections of the lump revealed benign schwannoma. In view of postoperative evidence of hoarseness, it was thought the tumor might be arose from the cervical vagal nerve. The hoarseness has been observed for one year after operation without any improvement. A statistic study on the hoarseness after removing the cervical tumor was done by sending out questionnaires to the members of the council of the Japan Surgical Society. Of 270, 180 replies were obtained and 67.2% of the members answered that they did not have any knowledge about the hoarseness after removing the cervical tumor. PMID- 3221835 TI - [The past, present and future system of specialist licensing of the Japanese Thoracic Surgical Society]. PMID- 3221834 TI - [A case of abdominal aneurysm accompanied by an aneurysm of left subclavian artery]. AB - The case was a 62-year-old man. Two years ago under a diagnosis of aneurysm of the left subclavian artery he received: Ligation of aneurysm, aneurysmorrhaphy and extra anatomic bypass grafting from right axillary artery to left axillary artery. This time we palpated a pulsatile mass on his abdomen and performed replacement of abdominal aorta by Y shaped prosthesis following a diagnosis of abdominal aneurysm. In recent years population of advanced age have been increasing and arteriosclerotic diseases including aneurysm are also remarkably increasing. In the future we think that cases of multiple aneurysms such as this one will increase. In Japan we collected fifty cases of aneurysm of the subclavian artery including our case. In this paper we reviewed those cases and discussed the diagnosis and treatment of aneurysm of subclavian artery and multiple aneurysms. PMID- 3221833 TI - [A case of adrenal myelolipoma]. AB - We report a case of surgically resected adrenal myelolipoma. Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland is a rare, benign and nonfunctioning tumor. The present patient represents the 57th reported clinical case of this tumor. It consists of fatty and hematopoietic tissue. It is asymptomatic and usually found only at autopsy incidentally. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and fine needle biopsy help in the preoperative diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma. Especially fine needle biopsy is recommended when the diagnosis is doubtful. PMID- 3221836 TI - [Examination of 400 cases of early gastric cancer--appropriate operation in view of follow-up observations]. AB - Four hundred surgical cases of early gastric cancer in the Department of Surgery, National Tochigi Hospital, during these 15 years were reviewed to examine the influence of histopathological features and the degree of lymph node involvement on their prognosis. Although a decreasing trend of the accumulated survival rate was observed in Ro cases which died due of other diseases were frequently encountered as compared to more than R1 cases with regard to the degree of lymph node dissection no significant difference was found among various operative modes dissection. No significant difference was also observed macroscopic absolute and relative dissection. Recently, we have adopted R0 for cancer and R1 for Group 1 lymph node involvement in sm cancer. The great omentum, lesser omentum and cecal pouch are preserved as a rule. In the cases of N(+), dissection of affected lymph nodes including No. 7, 8 and 9 should be performed because of high incidence of metastasis. We conclude these surgical policies are appropriate against early gastric cancers because of good prognosis and no serious postoperative complications. PMID- 3221838 TI - Gene structure and in situ transcript localization of pathogenesis-related protein 1 in parsley. AB - We have analysed three nearly full-length cDNAs complementary to mRNAs encoding two PR1 (pathogenesis-related, class 1) proteins in parsley (Petroselinum crispum). Furthermore, one selected genomic clone containing the PcPR1-1 gene was investigated in detail. The structural organization and possible regulatory elements in the 5' flanking region of this gene are presented. In situ RNA hybridization in fungus-infected parsley leaf tissue demonstrated rapid and massive PR1 mRNA accumulation around infection sites. PMID- 3221837 TI - Isolation and characterization of mammalian cell lines carrying suppressible mutations. AB - To obtain animal cell lines carrying nonsense mutations and the corresponding suppressors, we used a "supersuppressor" selection strategy on the CHO cell line. The wild-type strain is resistant to the aminopterin present in HAT medium (i.e., it is HATr) because it contains the enzymes hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and thymidine kinase (TK), whereas both HPRT- mutants - selected by their resistance to 6-thioguanine (TGr) - and TK- mutants - selected by their resistance to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrdr) - are HATs. Therefore, from HPRT- TK- double nonsense mutants, whose phenotype would be TGr BrdUrdr (HATs), simultaneous HPRT+ TK+ double phenotypic revertants could be obtained by selecting HATr (TGs BrdUrds) variants carrying the corresponding nonsense supersuppressors. Through ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of the CHO cell line we obtained 65 TGr variants, 53 of which were HATs and the rest HATr. Among 36 TGr (HATs) variants tested, 23 did not revert to HATr, 4 reverted spontaneously and with EMS, and 9 reverted only with EMS. Some of the latter were probably HPRT- nonsense mutants because they were very stringent (had less than 2% of wild-type [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation and HPRT enzyme activity), and did not complement genetically. The introduction of a second marker (BrdUrdr) in 7 of these strains allowed us to isolate 29 TGr BrdUrdr (HATs) double drug-resistant lines. Through one-step mutagenesis and selection in HAT medium, from two double resistant strains we could isolate HATr (TGs BrdUrds) wild-type phenotypic revertants, each of which probably carries suppressible HPRT and TK nonsense (or missense) alleles and the corresponding supersuppressor. Our strategy could now be extended to obtain variants carrying suppressors in other cell lines. PMID- 3221839 TI - Diversity of non-histone protein fraction NHCP2 from hamster Kirkman-Robbins hepatoma and liver. AB - Non-histone protein fraction NHCP2 eluted from hydroxyapatite with 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) of undigested, nuclease-sensitive and nuclease resistant nuclei of hamster Kirkman-Robbins hepatoma and liver was studied by two dimensional gel electrophoresis and microcomplement fixation test in the presence of antibodies elicited against NHCP2 of examined tissues. The NHCP2 of undigested nuclei as well as from two chromatin fractions with different susceptibility to nuclease of both tissues, besides many common components, showed some differences in their non-histone patterns especially within molecular weights of 17,000 24,000, 36,000-44,000 and 60,000-90,000. Immunological analysis confirmed the high specificity of hepatoma non-histone components of the NHCP2 fraction. However, these components appeared not to be exclusively localized either in nuclease-sensitive or nuclease-resistant part of chromatin of neoplastic tissue. PMID- 3221840 TI - Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis during myogenesis of rat L6 cells in vitro. AB - Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis was examined using [3H]-galactose as a precursor as rat L6 myoblasts fused to form multinucleated myotubes. Incorporation of label into neutral glycolipids decreased steadily as the population of myotubes increased, so that final biosynthesis was one-half that observed with myoblasts (p less than 0.02). Conversely, ganglioside biosynthesis doubled during myoblast confluency (p less than 0.02) and then decreased as myotubes formed. Qualitatively, L6 cells synthesized large amounts of ganglioside GM3 during all myogenic phases. The major neutral glycosphingolipid products were lactosylceramide and paragloboside (nLcOse4Cer). Few changes in TLC autoradiographic patterns were noted during differentiation, with the exception of a slight decrease in ganglioside GM1. The results indicate that the biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids is tightly regulated during myogenesis in vitro and suggest a role for membrane gangliosides in muscle cell differentiation. PMID- 3221842 TI - Rapid step-gradient purification of mitochondrial DNA. AB - A convenient modification of the step gradient (CsCl/ethidium bomide) procedure is described. This rapid method allows isolation of covalently closed circular DNA separated from contaminating proteins, RNA and chromosomal DNA in ca. 5 h. Large scale preparations can be performed for circular DNA from eukaryotic organelles (mitochondria). The protocol uses organelle pelleting/NaCl-sarcosyl incubation steps for mitochondria followed by a CsCl step gradient and exhibits yields equal to the conventional procedures. It results in DNA sufficiently pure to be used for restriction endonuclease analysis, subcloning, 5'-end labeling, gel retention assays, and various types of hybridization. PMID- 3221843 TI - The suitability of saliva for detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - Saliva was investigated for its suitability as a biopsy tissue for the determination of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. It appears that there is a significant difference between the activity of the enzyme in patients and controls. However, some controls have very low values making discrimination between patients and controls using a qualitative method impossible. Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is a relevant clinical problem in many rural areas in developing countries. Existing methods for determination of the deficiency in blood and hair follicles do not meet the criteria necessary for their large scale introduction in the areas of the world that are concerned by the problem. The present study shows that saliva is not a suitable alternative. Between the three biopsy tissues compared: blood, hair follicles and saliva, hair follicles remain most attractive since their isolation hardly involves the risk of infection. A simplified method for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in hair follicles that would allow health service workers in the field to determine the carrier status of pregnant women might form the basis for a future kernicterus prevention programme. PMID- 3221841 TI - Signals determining translational start-site recognition in eukaryotes and their role in prediction of genetic reading frames. AB - A special methionyl-tRNA (RNAi) is universally required to initiate translation. The conversation of this reactant throughout evolution, as well as its unusual decoding properties, suggested an alternate mechanism for tRNA-mRNA interactions at initiation. We have reported that the sequence of bases neighboring the start codons of many eubacterial genes are complementary not only to the 16S rRNA 3' end and to the anticodon of tRNAi, but, also, have the potential to base-pair the D, T or extended anticodon loops of this tRNAi. The coding properties of tRNAi and mutations that affect translation suggest that these signals may function. This hypothesis explains the observation that unusual triplets can start prokaryotic and mitochondrial genes and predicts the occurrence of other reading frames. Furthermore, it suggests a unifying model of chain initiation based on RNA-RNA contacts and displacements. Here we examine the start domain of 290 eukaryotic genes for their ability to base-pair the tRNAi loops and the 18S rRNA. We observe that both methionine start, and methionine coding regions have the potential to pair with the 18S rRNA, but that the nucleotide distribution about start codons strongly favoured such pairings over that near internal AUGs. The 5' extended anticodon of tRNAi is methylated, and was not represented in the mRNA with high frequency. However, the tetramer AUGg did occur with high frequency in the start domain. A modification of the tRNAi T loop also decreases its base pairing potential. Interestingly, complementarity to the T loop did not occur with high frequency in the start sites. The early coding region, 10 to 34 nucleotides 3' to the initiator AUG, is complementary to the tRNAi D loop in many cases, while no such affinity is found near internal AUGs. The nucleotides around initiator AUGs were heavily biassed toward the sequence gccaccAUGgcg. No such tendency was noted around internal AUGs. Although the role of this sequence bias is unclear, the sequence gccaccAUGg has been shown by Kozak to promote initiation. Another distinguishing feature was a C-rich tract 7 to 34 nucleotides 5' to the initiator AUGs. Ability to pair with more than eight bases of the start consensus sequence, matching of 6 or 7 nucleotides to the D loop on the 3' side, an C-richness on the 5' side were used as criteria for distinguishing start AUGs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3221844 TI - 'Conservative' and 'variable' clusters of Alu-family DNA repeats in human chromosomes. AB - The distribution of Alu-family DNA repeats (AFRs) in chromosomes of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes of four normal donors and non-stimulated bone marrow cells of four patients with acute leukemia (ALL and ANLL) was studied by in situ hybridization using DNA of recombinant phage lambda containing multiple inserts of AFR as a probe. Over some chromosome bands (14cen, 16p13, 16cen) from normal donors and from leukemic patients clusters of silver grains were detected. Over other three bands (3q26, 8p11-p12 and 14q24) the clusters were found only in chromosomes from the four acute leukemia patients, and were absent from chromosomes of healthy donors. The results suggest non-random long-range distribution of AFRs in human chromosomes, and somatic variations in the distribution of the repeats. PMID- 3221845 TI - Temperature-dependent osmotic permeability in glycoprotein containing liposomes. AB - The osmotic water outflow of large multilamellar liposomes containing alpha 1 acid glycoprotein was measured at a temperature near the lipid's phase transition temperature. The liposomes were formed from a mixture of DPPC, cholesterol and glycoprotein in molar ratios 100:20:1, by continuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. These liposomes captured 35% of the radiolabeled glycoprotein. The temperature-dependent experiments showed that near phase transition temperature the initial rate of water outflow increased drastically in comparison with glycoprotein free liposomes incubated in buffer containing glycoprotein. We suggested that eventual a channel mechanism may be involved due to spontaneous incorporation of glycoprotein into the bilayer. PMID- 3221846 TI - 32S pre-rRNA processing: a dynamic model for interaction with U3RNA and structural rearrangements of spacer regions. AB - A model of rearrangement of 32S pre-rRNA during processing was proposed. The first step of these events is the cotranscriptional interaction of the 3'-half of 5.8S rRNA and adjacent part of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) with the 3'-part of the small nucleolar U3RNA from its 155th to 215th nucleotides (numbered for a rat U3RNA). This interaction prevents formation of intramolecular double-stranded structure between 5'-and 3'-end sequences of 5.8S rRNA. The second step is the appearance of extended hairpin structures in the ITS-2, which leads to a compactisation of the entire 32S-pre-rRNA molecule and to the complex formation between 5.8S rRNA and 28S rRNA sequences as the result of U3RNA displacing. After elimination of ITS-2 sequences from 32S pre-rRNA this complex can be included into ribosomes. PMID- 3221848 TI - [Structure and function of antigen-recognizing proteins coded by major histocompatibility complex genes]. AB - The recent experimental data on the structure and immune and non-immune functions of histocompatibility antigens (classes I and II) have been reviewed. PMID- 3221847 TI - Distribution of postsynthetic methylation sites in Physarum histone H1. AB - Using limited chymotrypsin and trypsin digestion of isolated Physarum histone H1 labeled in vivo in postsynthetically added N epsilon-methyl groups of lysine we show that: --there is no postsynthetic methylation in the central globular domain of H1, --a moderate number of methylated sites occurs in the N-terminal fragment and the part of the C-terminal fragment directly adjacent to the globular domain (the main site of interphase phosphorylation), --the most intensively methylated region occurs within the sequence located in an extended part of the C-terminal fragment, distant to the globular domain and the main site of interphase phosphorylation. PMID- 3221849 TI - [Conformation and thermostability of double-stranded nucleic acids in aqueous urea solutions]. AB - The conformation and thermostability of DNA and double-helical synthetic RNA in aqueous solutions with 0-10 M urea have been investigated. A weak dependence of DNA conformation, realized in the presence of urea, on the GC-content has been found. The increase of urea concentration leads to destabilization of DNA and synthetic RNA. The character of changes in the spectra of RNA circular dichroism at the increase of urea concentration testifies that a conformational transition (different from A----A' transition) takes place. Urea stimulates the B----Z transition in poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) molecules upon NaCl addition. PMID- 3221850 TI - [The effect of side radicals on the peptide structure. Surface of potential energy of model alanine and phenylalanine dipeptides]. AB - The problem of stabilization of different dipeptide conformations is discussed within the fragment-fragment interactions method. It is shown, that the introduction of a CH3-group in glycine is a weak perturbation and for Ala dipeptide the preferential structure remains C7 (like for glycine). On the contrary the introduction of a C6H5CH2-group in glycine is a strong perturbation and for Phe-dipeptide C5 becomes the preferential structure. PMID- 3221851 TI - [Mutagenic properties of phosphotriester analogs of oligodeoxyribonucleotides]. AB - The high effectivity of using phosphotriester analogs of oligonucleotides for aimed mutagenesis in vitro and in vivo was shown. A general scheme, describing the mutagenic effects of phosphotriester analogs of oligonucleotides and their natural homologs, was derived by analysis of data on the structures of the obtained mutants. This scheme can serve as a foundation for selecting the structure of effective agents for aimed mutagenesis. PMID- 3221852 TI - [Control of molecular transformations in polyenzyme systems: quantitative theory of the regulation of metabolism]. AB - An attempt of a comprehensive treatment of the theory of metabolic control is presented. The introductory section giving an outline of the early development of the theory, is followed by definitions quantifying the control in the metabolic system. By means of the perturbation method the complete system of equations is obtained which allows one to express all the enzyme control coefficients ("global" coefficients) through the elasticity coefficients characterizing kinetic properties of individual enzymes ("local" coefficients) and through the steady-state values of metabolic fluxes and concentrations. It is shown how connectivity relations between global and local coefficients should be modified when conserved sums of intermediates are present in the system. A new theorem is derived, it allows one to express the global response of the system to any change in the external parameter (such as external effector concentration, or temperature, pH, ionic strength, ets.) through the control coefficients and local responses of individual reaction steps. Explicit formulas are derived for response coefficients of the fluxes and concentrations to changes in the conserved sums of intermediates, which express the values of these global coefficients through the control and elasticity coefficients of enzymes and steady-state pools. The results obtained comprise as a special case all the results published so far in the literature. PMID- 3221853 TI - [Diastereomers of nonionic analogs of nucleic acids. V. Alkylation of nucleic acids in the living cells by ethylated derivatives of oligonucleotides containing the residue of nitrous yperite. The effect of the phosphotriester fragment configuration]. AB - The alkylation of the cell biopolymers (RNA, DNA, proteins) by reagents Tp'(Et)Tp'(Et)Tp'(Et)TpU(CHRCl) (1) Tp'(Et)Tp''(Et)Tp'(Et)TpU(CHRCl) (2) Tp''(Et)Tp'(Et)Tp''(Et)TpU(CHRCl) (3) Tp''(Et)Tp''(Et)Tp''(Et)TpU(CHRCl) (4) Tp(Et)Tp(Et)Tp(Et)TpU(CHRCl) (5) Tp(Et)Tp(Et)Tp(Et)Tp(Et)U(CHRCl) (6) TpTpTpTpU(CHRCl) (7) where (CHRCl) is the residue of 2',3'-O-[4-N-(2-chloroethyl) N-methylamino]-benzylidene has been investigated in the case of the ascite carcinoma Krebs-2. p' and p" designate the enantiomeric configurations at the internucleotide phosphorus atoms of the triester fragment--Tp(Et)T--, and p designates the racemic mixture. Completely and partly ethylated reagents (1)-(6) have been found to bind to the cells 4-15 fold more effectively than the diester derivative. The concentration of reagents (1)-(6) in the cells is 2-7 fold higher than in the external medium. Among the diastereomers (1)-(4) reagent (4) with the p"-configuration is the most efficient in binding with the cells 2-3 fold more efficient than reagents (1)-(3). The main targents of modifications performed in the cells by means of reagents (1)-(7) have been established. These are RNA, DNA and proteins. The share of the reagents which react with nucleic acids increases from 45% [reagent (1)] to 80% [reagent (4)], and that reacting with proteins decreases from 50 to 20% correspondingly. Reagent (4) with the p" configurations at phosphotriester fragments alkylates nucleic acids most effectively among the phosphotriester diastereomers (1)-(4): 11-fold more efficient than reagent (1) with configuration p'. The extent of modification of poly(A)+-tracts of m-RNA by reagent (4) in comparison with reagent (1) is 50-fold higher. PMID- 3221855 TI - [Various aspects of evolution of Alu repeats in mammals]. AB - A complex study on various evolutionary peculiarities of the mammalia dispersed Alu repeats (Alu repeats of primates and B1 of rodents) has been carried out by phylogenetic analysis. A phylogenetic tree, containing the 7SL RNA genes and the Alu repeats of primates and rodents has been constructed. It has been shown that the branch of the phyletic line leading to the Alu repeats of primates and B1 of rodents from the 7SL RNA genes occurred after the divergence of the 7SL RNA genes of amphibia and mammalia, but before the divergence of the 7SL RNA genes of primates and rodents (250.10 years ago). A statistically reliable slowing down in the evolutionary rates of one of two monomers for the human Alu repeats has been proved. It may be caused by the functional load of the corresponding monomer in connection with the presence of a definit regulatory site in it. PMID- 3221854 TI - [Hydrolytic activity of bovine tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase cause by removal of Zn2+]. AB - Bovine tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (E.C.6.1.1.2) lacking Zn2+ ions removed by chelation with phosphonate analog of P1,P4-bis-(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate (Ap4A) was obtained (E-Zn). E-Zn lost the ability to form tryptophanyl adenylate, however it hydrolyses ATP to ADP and further on to AMP and Pi. GTP serves as a substrate with Km approximately 0.6 mM. It is proposed that the hydrolysable nucleotides bind to a nucleotide binding site(s) distinguishable from the substrate (catalytic) ones. After incubation of E-Zn with Zn2+ and Mg2+ the initial catalytic activity (ATP-PPi exchange and amino-acylation reactions) is restored whereas the hydrolytic activity becomes fully suppressed. PMID- 3221856 TI - [Comparative study of nucleosome particles in chromatin from normal and tumor cells. I. Structural parameters]. AB - The composition and structure of nucleosomic fragments isolated from the ascitic hepatoma 22A cells, liver and from cells of C3HA mice in norm and after partial hepatectomy were investigated. Via electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel with the emplogment of reperic restrictive DNA fragments and with the help of mathematical processing, the value of the nucleosomic DNA repeat in ascitic hepatoma 22A was calculated to be 187 b.p., and in regenerating liver--196 b.p. The absence of the H1 degree subfraction in chromatin of ascitic hepatoma 22A cells was found. Lower electrophoretic mobility in 5% polyacrylamid gel of nucleosomic chromatin fragments of ascitic hepatoma 22A as compared with their counterparts from healthy mice liver was established. The method of circular dichroism allowed to reveal differences in the RNA and protein structural state in nucleosomes of normal and tumour cells. The structure of nucleosomes of regenerating mice liver of the C3HA strain did not differ from that of normal liver of the same mice. PMID- 3221857 TI - [Comparative study of nucleosome particles in chromatin from normal and tumor cells. II. Reconstitution, compaction and association induced by ionic strength of a solution]. AB - The method of circular dichroism (CD) has been used to investigate the reconstitution of mononucleosomes from C3HA mice liver and ascitic hepatoma 22A cells chromatin. It has been revealed that the more unfolding state of DNA in ascitic nucleosomes (discovered earlier) is determined by the peculiarities of the interactions between DNA and the dimers H2A-H2B, as well as by the linker histones of the H1 group. The investigation of the DNA folding in the oligonucleosome chains with increasing ionic strength has shown complete invariability of the DNA compactness in the ascitic chromatin up to 100 mM NaCl, while in liver nucleosomes an additional folding of the linker portion of the DNA was observed within the range of 20-40 mM NaCl. Oligonucleosomes from ascitic chromatin are less inclined to association upon increasing ionic strength, as compared with those from liver chromatin. PMID- 3221859 TI - [Physico-chemical basis of the genetic code origin: stereochemical analysis of interactions of amino acids and nucleotides based on the progene hypothesis]. AB - A progene hypothesis has been proposed earlier to explain the mechanism of origin of the self-reproducing genetic system. Progenes (precursors of the genetic system) are mixed anhydrides of an amino acid and deoxyribotrinucleotide at the 3'-gamma-terminal phosphate (NpNpNppp-AA); they are produced from dinucleotides (NpNp) and 3'-gamma-aminoacylnucleotidylates (Nppp-AA) as a result of specific interaction between amino acid and dinucleotide. The postulated mechanism of progene formation accounts for the selection of substances, including chirality, the origin of the genetic code as well as for the mechanisms of formation, self reproduction and evolution of the simpliest genetic system ("gene--polypeptide"). A stereochemical analysis of the progene formation mechanism has allowed us to support the main statements of the hypothesis that relate to the origin of the genetic code and to selection of substances. Atomic groups that could be responsible for the specificity of interaction between dinucleotides and amino acids in progene formation have been revealed. Stereochemical evidence for the physicochemical basis of the origin of the existing genetic code have been produced: 1) a special role of the second nucleotide in the codon is demonstrated in amino acid coding by the progene hypothesis principle; 2) an advantage of T against U in such coding is demonstrated; 3) for 16 amino acids out of 20 an agreement has been obtained between the optimal dinucleotide as revealed by the stereochemical analysis and the codon dinucleotides; 4) an explanation for the third nucleotide selection mechanism is offered. A restoration of the prebiotic code, based on these results, has indicated that the code contains 32 codons, is statistical and group-wise. It encodes 7 groups of isofunctional amino acids: 3 overlapping groups of non-polar amino acids 1) medium-size hydrophobic amino acids (chiefly Val, n-Val and a-But), 2) small and medium-size non-polar amino acids (chiefly Ala Val, n-Val a-But and Gly), 3) small non-polar amino acids (Gly, Ala, a-But) and 4 groups of polar amino acids--1) hydroxy--+dicarbonic (Asp, Glu, Ser and Thr), 2) dicarbonic (Asp and Glu), 3) hydroxy (Ser and Thr) and 4) basic (Arg and Lys). The code includes about 20 amino acids among which are 15-17 canonical and a few common non-canonical. The prebiotic code explains many properties of the existing genetic code and is capable of evolving into the latter by way of a gradual replacement of the physicochemical coding mechanism by the enzymatic coding mechanism. PMID- 3221858 TI - [Simple kinetic models explaining critical phenomena in enzymatic reactions with isomerization of the enzyme and substrate]. AB - Kinetic models for enzyme reactions are considered which take into account enzyme and substrate isomerization. Application of graph-theoretic methods allows to reveal fragments in schemes which may induce multiple stead-states or concentrational selfoscillations. The role of substrate isomers in the inhibition of enzyme isomers to produce critical phenomena is considered. The boundaries of parameter domains for critical phenomena are estimated. It is shown that the controlled change in concentrations of substrate and enzyme isomers may be important in regulation of enzyme systems, if different enzyme isomers are inhibited mainly by different substrate isomers. The models are used for interpretation of possible critical phenomena in the open reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase. It is shown that lactate dehydrogenase may act as a trigger in carbohydrate metabolism by changing "critically" its activity in relation to changes in pH and pyruvate fluxes. Slow enzyme inhibition by enolpyruvate is suggested as a possible reason for glycolytic oscillations. PMID- 3221860 TI - Chromosome instability associated with human alphoid DNA transfected into the Chinese hamster genome. AB - Repetitive DNA sequences have been implicated in the mediation of DNA rearrangement in mammalian cells. We have tested this hypothesis by using a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) expression vector into which candidate sequences were inserted. DHFR- Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were transfected with this vector, the amplification of which was then selected for by methotrexate (MTX) exposure. Cells transfected with the vector alone (and resistant to 0.02 or 1.0 microM MTX) or with a poly(dG-dT) insert (and resistant to 0.05 or 1.0 microM MTX) showed little change in chromosome aberrations or sister chromatid exchange frequencies. In contrast, transfection of DHFR- CHO cells with a vector containing either of two distinct 0.34-kilobase human alphoid DNA segments (and selection to 0.05 to 10.0 microM MTX) showed an approximately 50% increase in chromosome number and marked changes in chromosome structure, including one or two dicentric or ring forms per cell. The sister chromatid exchange frequency also increased, to more than double the frequency of that in cells transfected without insert or those containing poly(dG-dT). In situ hybridization of one 0.34 kilobase insert in some cells suggested clustering of homologous sequences in structurally abnormal recipient CHO cell chromosomes. The approach described provides an introduction to a unique means for a coordinate molecular and cytological study of dynamic changes in chromosome structure. PMID- 3221861 TI - Differential expression of five tRNA(UAGTrp) amber suppressors in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Caenorhabditis elegans has 12 tRNA(UGGTrp) genes as defined by Southern analysis. In order to evaluate the function of the individual members of this multigene family, we sought to recover amber (UAG)-suppressing mutations from reversion experiments with animals carrying amber mutations in a nervous system-affecting gene (unc-13) or a sex-determining gene (tra-3). Revertants were analyzed by Southern blot, exploiting the fact that the CCA to CTA change at the anticodon creates a new XbaI site. Five different members of the tRNATrp gene family were identified as suppressors: sup-7 X, sup-5 III, sup-24 IV, sup-28 X, and sup-29 IV. All five suppressor genes were sequenced and found to encode identical tRNA(UAGTrp) molecules with a single base change (CCA to CTA) at the anticodon compared with their wild-type counterparts. The flanking sequences had only limited homology. The relative expression of these five genes was determined by measuring the efficiencies of suppressers against amber mutations in genes affecting the nervous system, hypodermis, muscle, and sex determination. The results of these cross-suppression tests showed that the five members of the tRNA(Trp) gene family were differentially regulated in a tissue- or development stage-specific manner. PMID- 3221862 TI - Promoter sequences required for transcription of Xenopus laevis histone genes in injected frog oocyte nuclei. AB - Amphibian oogenesis is accompanied by the accumulation of histone mRNA and proteins in the absence of ongoing DNA replication. To begin an analysis of the mechanisms by which histone gene expression is regulated during frog oogenesis and embryogenesis, we used oocyte injection to examine the upstream sequences required for transcription of genes encoding each of the five histone classes. We found that sequences necessary for maximal levels of transcription are located 100 to 200 base pairs upstream of the corresponding start sites. In this region, each promoter examined contains conserved sequence elements, several of which seem to be histone gene class specific, in addition to other, more common sequence elements believed to be used by general transcription factors. PMID- 3221863 TI - Regulation of amyloid A gene expression in cultured cells. AB - Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are secreted by mammalian liver in response to inflammatory stimuli. Both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms have been shown to regulate the 2,000-fold increase in SAA mRNA after injection of endotoxin into mice. We report here the characterization of a cell line derived from mouse liver (BNL) in which the expression of SAA3 mRNA is regulated. In this model, SAA3 mRNA accumulated in response to conditioned medium from the mouse macrophage P388D1 cell line with kinetics similar to that seen in mouse liver (C. A. Lowell, R. S. Stearman, and J. F. Morrow, J. Biol. Chem. 261:8453 8461, 1986). In in vitro nuclear transcription assays, the SAA3 gene was transcribed equally in induced and uninduced cells. In addition, in steady-state RNA studies treatment with conditioned medium allowed the cells to rapidly accumulate SAA3 mRNA without an apparent change in half-life. These observations suggest that conditioned medium contains a factor(s) that acts directly on hepatocytes to regulate SAA3 mRNA processing. PMID- 3221864 TI - Structures of spontaneous deletions in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - We have investigated the structural features of spontaneous deletions in Caenorhabditis elegans. We cloned and sequenced the junctions of 16 spontaneous deletions affecting the unc-54 myosin heavy-chain gene and compared their sequences with those of the wild type. We analyzed these sequences in an attempt to identify structural features of the gene that are consistently involved in the spontaneous deletion process. Most deletions (15 of 16) removed a single contiguous region of DNA, with no nucleotides inserted or rearranged at the deletion junctions; one deletion was more complex. unc-54 deletions were small, averaging 600 base pairs in length, and were randomly distributed throughout the gene. Unlike deletions that occur in Escherichia coli, spontaneous unc-54 deletions did not contain statistically significant direct or inverted repeats at or near their termini. Except for their small average size, we have not identified any distinguishing features of their sequence or structure. We discuss these results with regard to the mechanisms for spontaneous deletion in eucaryotic and procaryotic cells. PMID- 3221867 TI - Purification and characterization of TTFI, a factor that mediates termination of mouse ribosomal DNA transcription. AB - Termination of rRNA gene transcription is dependent on an 18-base-pair sequence motif, AGGTCGAC CAG AT TA NTCCG (the Sal box), which is present several times in the spacer region downstream of the 3' end of the pre-rRNA coding region. We report here the purification to molecular homogeneity of a nuclear factor which specifically interacts with the Sal box element. Addition of the isolated protein to S-100 extracts which contain low levels of the Sal box-binding protein and are therefore termination incompetent restores terminating activity, indicating that this protein is a polymerase I-specific transcription termination factor. The purified protein (termed TTFI) has a molecular weight of approximately 105,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Mild proteolysis generates a relatively protease-resistant core which still specifically recognizes its target sequence. However, the termination activity has been lost, suggesting that the interaction with the DNA and the interaction with the transcription apparatus reside in different protein domains. PMID- 3221865 TI - Evolution, expression, and chromosomal location of a novel receptor tyrosine kinase gene, eph. AB - Partial sequence analysis of the genomic eph locus revealed that the splicing points of kinase domain-encoding exons were completely distinct from those of the other protein tyrosine kinase members reported, suggesting that this is the earliest evolutionary split within this family. In Northern (RNA) blot analysis, the eph gene was expressed in liver, lung, kidney, and testis of rat, and screening of 25 human cancers of various cell types showed preferential expression in cells of epithelial origin. Overexpression of eph mRNA was found in a hepatoma and a lung cancer without gene amplification. Comparison of cDNA sequences derived from a normal liver and a hepatoma that overproduces eph mRNA demonstrated that two of them were completely identical throughout the transmembrane to the carboxy-terminal portions. Southern blot analysis of DNAs from human-mouse hybrid clones with an eph probe showed that this gene was present on human chromosome 7. PMID- 3221868 TI - One of the tightly clustered genes of the mouse surfeit locus is a highly expressed member of a multigene family whose other members are predominantly processed pseudogenes. AB - The mouse surfeit locus is unusual in that it contains a number of closely clustered genes (Surf-1, -2, and -4) that alternate in their direction of transcription (T. Williams, J. Yon, C. Huxley, and M. Fried, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3527-3530, 1988). The heterogeneous 5' ends of Surf-1 and Surf-2 are separated by 15 to 73 base pairs (bp), and the 3' ends of Surf-2 and Surf-4 overlap by 133 bp (T. Williams and M. Fried, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4558-4569, 1986; T. Williams and M. Fried, Nature (London) 322:275-279, 1986). A fourth gene in this locus, Surf-3, which is a member of a multigene family, has been identified. The poly(A) addition site of Surf-3 lies only 70 bp from the poly(A) addition site of Surf-1. Transcription of Surf-3 has been studied in the absence of the other members of its multigene family after transfection of a cloned genomic mouse DNA fragment, containing the Surf-3 gene, into heterologous monkey cells. Surf-3 specifies a highly expressed 1.0-kilobase mRNA that contains a long open reading frame of 266 amino acids, which would encode a highly basic polypeptide (23% Arg plus Lys). The other members of the Surf-3 multigene family are predominantly, if not entirely, intronless pseudogenes with the hallmarks of being generated by reverse transcription. The role of the very tight clustering on regulation of expression of the genes in the surfeit locus is discussed. PMID- 3221866 TI - Polycistronic transcripts in trypanosomes and their accumulation during heat shock: evidence for a precursor role in mRNA synthesis. AB - Maturation of mRNA precursors in trypanosomes involves an apparent trans splicing event in which a 39-nucleotide miniexon sequence, common to all trypanosome mRNAs, is joined to the 5' end of a protein-coding exon. We demonstrate that the processing machinery responsible for the maturation of tubulin mRNA precursors in Trypanosoma brucei can be disrupted by heat shock. This results in an accumulation of polycistronic RNA species and a decrease in the abundance of branched splicing intermediates. At normal temperatures, tubulin polycistronic transcripts were also detected and were shown in pulse-chase experiments to be abundantly synthesized and very rapidly turned over. These results, combined with results of the heat shock experiments, suggest that these polycistronic transcripts are the precursors of the (monocistronic) tubulin mRNAs of trypanosomes. PMID- 3221869 TI - Isolation of cDNA clones for mouse cytoskeletal gamma-actin and differential expression of cytoskeletal actin mRNAs in mouse cells. AB - We described the structures of mouse cytoskeletal gamma-actin cDNA clones and showed that there is strong conservation of the untranslated regions with human gamma-actin cDNA. In addition, we found that the expression levels of beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs are differentially controlled in various mouse tissues and cell types but are coordinately increased in the cellular growing state. These results suggest that there are multiple regulatory mechanisms of cytoskeletal actin genes and are consistent with the argument that beta- and gamma-actins might have functional diversity in mammalian cells. PMID- 3221870 TI - Differential expression of a tropomyosin isoform in low- and high-metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma cells. AB - Two-dimensional electrophoretograms of newly synthesized polypeptides from low metastatic (P29) and high-metastatic (D6) Lewis lung carcinoma cells were compared. The results showed that the synthesis of tropomyosin 2 (TM2) was significantly less in D6 cells than in P29 cells. Furthermore, suppression of TM2 synthesis was induced in P29 cells during incubation in medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide or butyric acid, which induced the metastatic phenotype of P29 cells. These results suggest that the suppression of TM2 synthesis is linked to the metastatic potential of Lewis lung carcinoma cells. PMID- 3221872 TI - Antibodies to steroid receptor deoxyribonucleic acid binding domains and their reactivity with the human glucocorticoid receptor. AB - Functional properties of the DNA-binding domain of the human glucocorticoid receptor were investigated using high titer polyclonal antibodies produced against single synthetic peptides or a mixture of peptides whose sequences were derived from the DNA-binding domain of steroid receptor proteins. Three of seven antisera recognized both native and denatured forms of the glucocorticoid receptor, although considerably lower antisera dilutions were required for antibody binding to native receptor. Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor to its DNA-binding form was required for antibody recognition of the native receptor. Antisera to the second finger region of the DNA-binding domain caused a portion of the activated 4S glucocorticoid receptor to sediment as 7 or 9S in sucrose gradients containing 0.4 M KCl, but did not alter the sedimentation of the nontransformed 8S receptor. Specificity of the glucocorticoid receptor antibody interaction was demonstrated by loss of reactivity after preabsorption with peptide antigens. Antisera that interacted specifically with the glucocorticoid receptor inhibited DNA binding of the activated receptor by as much as 80%. Thus, antibody probes directed against DNA-binding domain sequences provide immunological evidence that glucocorticoid receptor activation exposes the DNA-binding region of the receptor. PMID- 3221871 TI - Sequence structures of two developmentally regulated, alternative DNA deletion junctions in Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - Deletions of specific DNA sequences are known to occur in Tetrahymena thermophila as a developmentally regulated process. Deletions of a particular region (region M) were previously shown to be of two alternative sizes, 0.6 or 0.9 kilobases (kb) (C.F. Austerberry, C.D. Allis, and M.-C. Yao, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 7383-7387). In this study, the nucleotide sequences for both deletions were determined. These two deletions share the same right junction, but their left junctions are 0.3 kb apart. An 8-base-pair (bp) sequence is present at both junctions of the 0.6-kb deletion, but only 5 bp of this direct repeat are present at the left junction of the 0.9-kb deletion. Further comparison revealed a common 10-bp sequence near each of the two left junctions and a similar sequence in inverted orientation near the right junction. These sequences may play a role in the developmental regulation of the deletion process. PMID- 3221873 TI - Calcium-independent activation of hypothalamic type I protein kinase C by unsaturated fatty acids. AB - Among multiple subspecies of the protein kinase C (PKC) family, type I PKC from the hypothalamus, having the structure related to the gamma-sequence, responds to low concentrations of arachidonic acid to exhibit marked enzymatic activity. This mode of activation does not require elevated Ca2+ levels, nor does it depend on diacylglycerol and phospholipid. Type I PKC is expressed only in limited regions of central nervous tissues, such as the hypothalamus. This PKC subspecies is not detected in the pituitary gland. The results suggest that the activation of type I PKC may not always be directly associated with inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, and that this subspecies may play a role in the modulation of specialized functions of the hypothalamus. PMID- 3221874 TI - Blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibits transforming growth factor alpha-induced but not estrogen-induced growth of hormone-dependent human breast cancer. AB - Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), a polypeptide that binds to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, is expressed and secreted by human breast cancer cells and has been proposed as an autocrine growth factor and as a mediator of the mitogenic effect of estrogen. We investigated the potential importance of secreted TGF alpha in estrogen-responsive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using monoclonal (528ab and 225ab) and polyclonal antibodies that block the EGF/TGF alpha receptor. Confirming other studies, these MCF-7 cells expressed TGF alpha with mRNA transcripts of 4.8 kilobases identified by Northern analysis, and they secreted TGF alpha activity measured by normal rat kidney colony-forming assay and an EGF RRA of conditioned medium. This activity was increased 3-fold by 1 nM 17 beta-estradiol and decreased by 1 microM tamoxifen. 528ab and 225ab bound to EGF receptors in MCF-7 cells with high affinity [dissociation constant (Kd) 0.1-0.5 nM] and blocked the binding of EGF/TGF alpha. These antibodies failed to inhibit baseline DNA synthesis or growth of MCF-7 cells although they were potent inhibitors of EGF/TGF alpha-induced growth of these cells. We hypothesized that if secreted TGF alpha mediates estrogen-induced growth, then EGF/TGF alpha receptor blockade should inhibit estrogen stimulation. MCF-7 cells were first treated with tamoxifen to inhibit growth and to reduce TGF alpha expression. Under these conditions, estrogen replenishment induced a marked dose-dependent rescue of TGF alpha secretion, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Exogenous TGF alpha also partially restored growth of tamoxifen-inhibited cells. Although the simultaneous addition of 528ab or 225ab blocked TGF alpha-induced rescue of MCF-7 cells, it had no effect on rescue by estradiol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221875 TI - Tissue and development specific regulation of a complex family of rat insulin like growth factor I messenger ribonucleic acids. AB - To obtain information about the functional significance of the structural heterogeneity that has been described for rat insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) cDNAs, we hybridized polyadenylated RNAs from rat tissues at different developmental stages with probes specific for two variant 5'-sequences (designated here as type 1 and type 2), with a probe specific for IB type E domain coding sequences and with a probe for E domain sequences common to IA and IB type IGF-I cDNAs. Northern blot analyses revealed that previously reported rat liver IGF-I mRNAs of estimated size 7.5-7.0, 1.9-1.5, and 1.2-0.9 kilobases each are comprised of multiple closely migrating IGF-I mRNA species containing either of two 5'-sequences and either IA or IB type E domain coding sequences. In liver, each of these detected IGF-I mRNA species showed postnatal increases in abundance. The mRNAs detected with the probe for type 2 5'-sequences were detected exclusively in postnatal liver and also showed a different pattern of postnatal increase in abundance than other IGF-I mRNA types. IGF-I mRNAs detected with the probe for IB type E domain coding sequences likewise were highly liver specific and were undetectable or barely detectable in other fetal or adult rat tissues. In contrast, IGF-I mRNAs that hybridized with probes for type 1 5' sequences or for E domain coding sequences common to IA and IB type IGF-I mRNAs were detected in all fetal and adult rat tissues tested. These findings suggest development and tissue specific regulation of the expression of different rat IGF I mRNA types, and also suggest a possible role of different precursor sequences encoded by the various mRNAs in targeting of IGF-I to a local site of action. PMID- 3221876 TI - DNAse I footprint analysis of nuclear proteins from pituitary and nonpituitary cells that specifically bind to the rat growth hormone promoter and 5'-regulatory region. AB - Rat (rGH) is expressed exclusively in cells from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Using DNAsel footprinting assays, we have examined both pituitary and nonpituitary cell nuclear extracts for proteins which bind specifically to the rGH promoter and 5'-flanking region. In agreement with previous studies, we have located binding sites between -96 and -65, and between 148 and -118 for proteins which have been termed GC1 and GC2, respectively. The GC2 footprint is found using extracts from both pituitary and nonpituitary cells, but GC1 is observed only in pituitary cells. We have also located a binding site for an additional pituitary-specific protein upstream from the GC1 binding site, between -241 and -220. The footprint for this protein, which we call GC3, is found with pituitary extracts, but not with extracts from nine other nonpituitary cell types. Although this pattern of activity is similar to that of GC1, competition experiments with synthetic oligonucleotides show that the two proteins are distinct. Deletion of the GC3 binding site has only a small effect on rGH promoter activity in transiently transfected pituitary cells and fibroblasts. PMID- 3221877 TI - Human joining peptide: a proopiomelanocortin product secreted as a homodimer. AB - The human (h) POMC gene sequence predicts a 30 amino acid joining peptide (JP) separating the N-terminal fragment [POMC(1-76) or hNT] and ACTH within their common precursor. We used an anti-serum directed against the amidated COOH terminal end of mouse JP to develop a RIA for the predicted hJP molecule. Immunoreactive JP was detected in tissue extracts from human normal pituitary, ACTH-secreting pituitary- and nonpituitary tumors, and in plasma from patients with ACTH hypersecretory syndromes. Its molar concentration was of the same order of magnitude as, and correlated with, that of the other POMC peptides. Gel exclusion chromatography in 1% formic acid and 6 M guanidine-HCl revealed a predominant immunoreactive material with an apparent mol wt of ca. 6000. After reduction with dithiothreitol this material was recovered in an elution volume identical to that of purified hJP and corresponding to a mol wt of ca. 3000. These data show that POMC processing generates a COOH terminally amidated hJP predominantly secreted as a homodimer, probably through disulfide bonding between the single Cys9 residue of two molecules. PMID- 3221878 TI - Structure of the rat insulin-like growth factor II transcriptional unit: heterogeneous transcripts are generated from two promoters by use of multiple polyadenylation sites and differential ribonucleic acid splicing. AB - The rat insulin-like growth factor II (rIGF-II) gene, which exists as a single copy in the genome, is expressed as a multitranscript family of mRNA molecules ranging in size from 4.6 to 1 kilobases. Part of this heterogeneity can be ascribed to the presence of two different promoters, each transcribing alternative 5'-noncoding regions which are spliced to common coding exons. In the present study we use a combination of DNA sequence analysis of the gene, mapping of the mRNA molecules by Northern analysis and ribonuclease protection experiments, and DNA sequence analysis of cDNA clones complementary to different regions of the genome to establish the structure of several rIGF-II mRNA species. These results indicate that RNA heterogeneity also arises from the use of different polyadenylation sites. In addition, a variant 2 kilobases RNA was observed that was colinear with the distal 1700 base pairs of the 3147 base pair long exon 3, and may arise by alternative RNA splicing. These posttranscriptional modifications of RNAs arising from the rIGF-II transcription unit may generate molecules with different functional potential. PMID- 3221879 TI - Calcium channel agonists and antagonists: effects of chronic treatment on pituitary prolactin synthesis and intracellular calcium. AB - PRL synthesis by GH cells in culture has previously been shown to increase when calcium is added to cultures grown in calcium-depleted medium or when cultures are treated for 18 h or longer with the dihydropyridine calcium channel agonist BAY K8644, whereas the antagonist nimodipine inhibits PRL. The experiments described here were designed to test whether differences in PRL synthesis caused by the dihydropyridines are due to changes in PRL mRNA levels, whether structurally different classes of calcium channel blockers alter PRL production, and whether long term treatment with calcium channel agonists and antagonists alters intracellular free calcium, [Ca2+]i. PRL synthesis and PRL mRNA levels were increased similarly by BAY K8644 and decreased in parallel by the dihydropyridine antagonist nimodipine, while overall protein and RNA synthesis were not changed by either the agonist or antagonist. Two calcium channel blockers which act at different sites on L-type channels than the dihydropyridines also inhibited PRL synthesis without affecting GH; 5 microM verapamil reduced PRL by 64% and 15 microM diltiazem by 89%. Partial depolarization with 5-25 mM KCl increased PRL synthesis up to 2-fold. The intracellular free calcium ion concentration was estimated by Quin 2 and averaged 142 nM for control cultures in normal medium, and 128 and 168 nM for cultures treated 72 h with nimodipine or BAY K8644, respectively. Nimodipine totally prevented the calcium rise obtained upon depolarization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221880 TI - Ionic signalling in mast cells; antigen and ionophore induced changes in cytosolic pH. AB - Stimulation of cells of the rat basophilic leukemia line RBL-2H3, which are used as a model in biochemical studies of mast cells, by antigen or by the calcium ionophore ionomycin, are known to cause secretion of mediators of inflammation. These stimuli have now been found to cause a decrease in the cells' cytosolic pH. This acidification process was monitored by the fluorescent indicator 2',7'-bis (carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) introduced into these cells. The antigen induced acidification was the result of specific aggregation of membrane residing IgE, reached values up to 0.03 pH units and required the presence of sodium and calcium ions in the incubation medium. It was amiloride resistant but was blocked by the metabolic inhibitor deoxyglucose. Ionomycin caused a dose dependent decrease in cytosolic pH which was also sensitive to the pH of the extracellular medium. The acidification reached more than 0.1 pH units at optimal, non-cytotoxic, doses of ionomycin (1 microM) and decreased markedly as the medium pH increased from 7.0 to 8.0. The antigen and ionophore induced cytosolic acidification processes are interpreted as being the result of the increased concns of free cytosolic calcium ions rather than the effect of direct activation of a sodium-proton exchanger. Further investigation of this process is in progress. PMID- 3221882 TI - The effect of a transfected c-myc proto-oncogene on cellular differentiation. PMID- 3221881 TI - Effect of histamine on the gene expression and secretion of complement components C2, factor B and C3 in murine macrophages--an opposite signal processing via H1 and H2 receptors. AB - The effect of histamine on the gene expression, biosynthesis and secretion of C2, factor B and C3 was studied in mouse resident and starch elicited peritoneal macrophages. Measuring the quantity of specific mRNAs and biosynthetically labelled proteins a down-regulation of the biosynthesis of C2, factor B and C3 via H2 receptor was found. On the contrary, histamine displayed no visible H1 receptor mediated influence on the biosynthesis of C2 and factor B. However, via H1 receptor a considerably up-regulation of C3 gene expression and biosynthesis was demonstrated. The data suggest a distinct signal processing mechanism acting on H1 and H2 receptors resulting in opposite effects on the transcriptions of C3 gene in macrophages. PMID- 3221883 TI - Enumeration of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica colonies by DNA colony hybridization using alkaline treatment and paper filters. AB - The efficiency of enumerating virulent Yersinia enterocolitica colonies was determined for 10 artificially contaminated foods by autoradiography after DNA colony hybridization using a 32P-labelled genetic probe and paper filters. Enumeration efficiency, which ranged from 0-98% (average 25 +/- 31% standard deviation), improved (42-138%, average 83 +/- 27% standard deviation) after enrichment with 0.5% KOH-0.5% NaCl. These efficiencies are equivalent to those obtained with nitrocellulose filters. PMID- 3221884 TI - Biotinylated and radioactive cDNA probes in the detection by hybridization of bovine enteric coronavirus. AB - cDNA, synthesized on bovine coronavirus (BCV) genomic RNA templates, could be used to detect very small quantities (i.e. 1 pg) of viral RNA by hybridization with either radioisotopic-labelled or biotinylated recombinant plasmids. Virus was optimally attached to nitrocellulose membranes when spotted in 1 x SSC, whereas 20 x SSC was superior for viral RNA. Denaturation and RNA fixation of both RNA, still encapsidated in virus particles and isolated genomic RNA, was achieved by baking of the blots in vacuum. Virus detection in the supernatant of infected HRT-18 cells was feasible, but improved significantly after proteinase K treatment. No homology was observed between virus cDNA with either plasmid DNA or nucleic acid isolated from non-infected HRT-18 cells. Hybridization with radioisotopic-labelled probes in higher formamide concentrations (up to 60%) increased the detection signals, possibly by reducing reassociation of the probe. Significant detection amplification (30-50 times) was achieved in the case of biotinylated probes by stimulation of hyperpolymer formation on already hybridized target sequences, by additional hybridization with biotinylated pUC 19. A detection amplification was also obtained when hybridization was done with two probes (pBC-52 and pBC-247), containing non-overlapping viral sequences. Although the detectability was surpassed by biotinylated probes, sensitivity was superior in radioisotopic virus detection. PMID- 3221885 TI - Species-specific biotinylated DNA probe for the detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. AB - A 5.5 kilobase DNA fragment from an Eco RI digest of the Mycoplasma gallisepticum genome was specific for the detection of M. gallisepticum. This 5.5 kb fragment was initially cloned into bacteriophage lambda gt11 followed by subcloning into the plasmid vector pGEM-3Z. The incorporation of a biotin label was accomplished by utilizing biotin-11-dUTP in a nick translation reaction. This probe, designated pMg6, reacts specifically with M. gallisepticum when tested against various mycoplasma DNAs in Southern blot hybridization analysis. Spot-blot hybridization data indicate the pMg6 is capable of detecting 800 pg of M. gallisepticum DNA. PMID- 3221887 TI - [Weight-dependent changes in the hematology of anorexia nervosa]. AB - The haematological features of 48 patients with anorexia nervosa were studied in a retrospective fashion, showing a mild hypocellularity with anaemia, thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia, particularly prominent in male anorectics, but a normal amount of lymphocytes. There was a highly significant association between the degree of weight deficit (in % of ideal body weight) and seriousness of haematological changes, which were all reversible with improvement in nutritional status. PMID- 3221886 TI - [Bulimia nervosa in adolescence]. AB - Although eating disorders of the bulimic type have been known for a long time, "bulimia nervosa" as a special and specific type of eating disorder was described only during the last decade. Clinical evidence has shown an increase in bulimic disturbances during the last few years. About 30% of the bulimic disturbances begin between the 14th and 18th year of age. About 50% of patients with bulimia nervosa have been anorexic before. A group of 30 patients with anorexia nervosa and a group of 11 patients with bulimia nervosa were compared by means of the dexamethasone suppression test and two depression scales at the beginning of inpatient treatment, after 8-12 weeks of inpatient treatment and at discharge. Patients with anorexia nervosa revealed significantly higher cortisol levels at the beginning of inpatient treatment as compared with the bulimic group. Cortisol levels were normalized with weight gain. Therapeutic measures in bulimia nervosa comprise medical and psychotherapeutic methods. PMID- 3221888 TI - [Surgery of congenital heart defects in deep hypothermic cardiovascular arrest: postoperative renal function]. AB - We investigated early postoperative renal function in 55 consecutive infants who underwent cardiac surgery in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). In 15 of these patients detailed studies of glomerular and tubular function of the kidneys were performed. Mean time of circulatory arrest at 20 degrees Celsius rectal temperature was 53 +/- 15 minutes. Acute renal failure was seen in four patients due to cardiogenic shock from which they died on the second and third postoperative day. Urine flow in the surviving 51 infants ranged from 120 to 150 ml/h/1.73 m2. The preoperative creatinine clearance was 50 +/- 23 ml/min/1.73 m2. Postoperatively, creatinine clearance was slightly decreased (42 +/- 16 ml/min/1.73 m2), but had completely recovered after 7 days. The renal transport of phosphate, glucose and uric acid remained unchanged. There was a marked increase in urinary excretion of protein, albumin, alpha-1-microglobin and N acetyl-glucosaminidase which peaked 7 hours after the operation and then normalized. If sufficient surgical hemodynamics are provided postoperatively, there is only slight impairment of glomerular and tubular function, which demonstrates that DHCA has no negative effect on renal function. PMID- 3221889 TI - [Intervertebral disk prolapse in childhood]. AB - Four girls and one boy aged 11 to 16 years presented with lumbar disc disease. The main aspects of the disorder in children and its differences to adults are emphasized. The prognosis following surgical treatment is favourable. PMID- 3221890 TI - [Plasma cell granuloma of the lung and mediastinum in a ten year old girl]. AB - A ten-year-old girl presented with an asymptomatic tumor of the lung. X-ray morphology suggested malignancy. Laboratory investigations revealed hypochromic anaemia, strong signs of inflammation, and hypergammaglobulinaemia. By means of surgery the tumor was completely removed. Histologic analysis established the diagnosis of a plasma cell granuloma. Postoperatively, laboratory parameters normalized. During the follow-up period of now 30 months there has been no relapse. PMID- 3221891 TI - [Do not change the BCG vaccine!]. PMID- 3221892 TI - [Treatment of unilateral space-occupying pulmonary interstitial emphysema with positioning measures and high-frequency ventilation]. AB - Five very low birthweight infants manifested unilateral tension pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE). All infants required intermittent positive pressure ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome. PIE was managed by positioning the infant on his (or her) side with PIE and by shortening the inspiratory time, in four patients also by shortening exspiratory time resulting in a higher frequency ventilation. PIE resolved within 3-6 days after institution of this treatment. This was paralleled by a reduction of FiO2 as well as peak inspiratory pressures. All infants could successfully be extubated 2-6 weeks after birth. PMID- 3221894 TI - [How sensitive and specific is the determination of gliadin antibodies in the serum of patients with severe damage of small intestine mucosa?]. AB - Serum antigliadin antibodies of the IgG- and IgA-class were investigated by an ELISA-test in healthy children, children suffering from coeliac disease and children with recurrent diarrheas. The sensitivity and specificity of positive antibody-titres for the diagnosis of coeliac disease were evaluated. The investigation of antigliadin antibodies proved to be a useful instrument for the diagnosis of acute coeliac disease as well as for the follow-up of such patients. The limitations of this method are pointed out. PMID- 3221893 TI - [Herpes encephalitis in infancy]. AB - Since antiviral chemotherapy is available herpes encephalitis has become of great importance among viral affections of the central nervous system. Five young infants are presented with special problems of this disease and its diagnostic possibilities especially serological and imaging methods (CT scan, nuclear magnetic resonance tomography, ultrasonography of the brain) as well as electroencephalography. Clinical symptoms are very important since all those methods are not sufficient for early diagnosis and prompt onset of antiviral chemotherapy. Herpes encephalitis should be considered after apparent febrile seizures with focal symptoms as well as increasing disturbance of consciousness as manifestation of acute encephalopathy. PMID- 3221895 TI - [Familial periodic ataxia]. AB - We report on a case of autosomal dominant periodic ataxia. So far, fourteen families have been described with this rare disease. An early diagnosis is important; the patients can be treated effectively with acetazolamide. PMID- 3221896 TI - [Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with associated abnormalities. Case report of a fatal course in a premature triplet]. AB - A male premature triplet with healthy siblings was born with characteristic symptoms of a Rossi syndrome: pterygiums at neck, axillae, elbows and in a moderate way at hips and knees with inhibition of extension of the affected joints, dislocation of the right hip, club-feet, cutis laxa et hyperelastica, facial dysmorphism, double pelvis renalis with ureter duplex on the right side, kryptorchidism, hypoplastic genital. The boy died after 38 days because of a haemorrhage of the lungs. An intrauterine immobilisation is discussed as cause of the syndrome. PMID- 3221898 TI - [84th annual meeting of the German Society of Pediatrics. 7-10 September 1988, Mainz. Held jointly with the 26th annual meeting of the German Society of Pediatric Surgery and the 40th annual meeting of the German Society of Social Pediatrics. Abstracts]. PMID- 3221897 TI - [Successful combination therapy of a metastatic Triton tumor in a 5-year-old boy]. AB - A 5-year-old boy with a metastatic Triton tumor was treated with resection, local irradiation and an additional combination chemotherapy including Ifosfamide. One year after completion of the treatment the boy is now without a tumor and in excellent condition. PMID- 3221899 TI - The effect of carbidopa on plasma and muscle levels of L-dopa, dopamine, and their metabolites following L-dopa administration to rats. AB - Administration of L-dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) (200 mg/kg p.o.) to rats produced elevated plasma and muscle concentrations of both L-dopa and 3-O methyldopa (3-OMD). This effect was potentiated by simultaneous administration of carbidopa (25 mg/kg p.o.). Both L-dopa and 3-OMD accumulated in muscle after administration of L-dopa with or without carbidopa. Elevated dopamine levels were detected in both muscle and plasma after treatment with L-dopa alone. Concurrent administration of carbidopa only diminished dopamine levels in plasma, and the duration of raised dopamine levels in muscle was increased. Carbidopa administration had no effect on the elevated plasma concentrations of 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) caused by L-dopa administration. In muscle, carbidopa treatment tended to prolong the duration of raised metabolite levels. Muscle appears to accumulate L-dopa at a site where decarboxylation is not totally prevented by concurrent carbidopa administration, and where dopamine is not degraded as actively as in other tissues. The muscle sink for L-dopa may influence the plasma profile of the amino acid, which has implications for the therapeutic response to L-dopa in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3221900 TI - The first agonist and antagonist burst in patients with an upper motor neuron syndrome. AB - Rapid elbow flexion movements were studied in patients with an upper motor neuron syndrome following a stroke. The velocity of movements was slower than normal. The initial bursts of electromyographic (EMG) activity in both the agonist and antagonist muscles were prolonged. As in normal subjects, the first agonist burst increased in duration with larger movements, but it generally remained about 40 ms longer than normal. The size of the first agonist burst also increased with larger movements. A fixed linkage between burst duration and level of motor unit recruitment, together with a deficient corticospinal command, could explain the prolonged burst duration with preserved ability to modulate the burst. PMID- 3221901 TI - Isoniazid therapy in Parkinson's disease. AB - The effect of isoniazid on levodopa-induced dyskinesias has been evaluated in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease, following a serendipitous observation that choreic dyskinesias induced by levodopa in one parkinsonian patient were markedly reduced during treatment with isoniazid for tuberculous infection. A mean average isoniazid dose of 290 mg was given without any change in current antiparkinsonian treatment. "Benefit of dose" choreic dyskinesias were markedly reduced in 18 patients within the first few weeks of treatment. This effect was accompanied by an intolerable worsening of parkinsonian signs. All patients returned to their basal situation after isoniazid interferes with the therapeutic action of levodopa and dopamine agonists. The precise mechanism by which this action occurred is not known, but several possible explanations are discussed. PMID- 3221902 TI - An investigation of the phenomenon of "set" in Parkinson's disease. AB - It has been suggested that patients with Parkinson's disease have a basic deficit in shifting "set." Previous authors have used this hypothesis as an explanation for deficits on a range of cognitive tasks. An experiment was conducted to investigate this phenomenon. A reaction time paradigm was used in which the subject had to make left-right decisions under two stimulus conditions. Both patients and controls showed a facilitation in performance with repetition within each block of trials, followed by a deterioration in performance when the stimulus type switched. Furthermore, the shapes of the reaction-time functions were equivalent in both groups, suggesting that the patients had no deficit in either switching or establishing set in this task. In contrast, they were impaired on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. This dissociation suggests that patients with Parkinson's disease do not have a generalized deficit in switching set. It is suggested that patients with Parkinson's disease are impaired on tasks where they have to rely upon internal control for the regulation of behaviour, but are relatively unimpaired on tasks where external cues are available. PMID- 3221903 TI - Meige syndrome: neuropathology of a case. AB - Primary Meige syndrome is a form of cranial dystonia of unknown cause. Only three postmortem studies have been reported, and the results of these studies have not been consistent. We have examined the brain of a 72-year-old man with typical primary Meige syndrome and found mild to moderate cell loss in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, midbrain tectum, and dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. Also frequent Lewy bodies were present in pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. No abnormalities were detected elsewhere. These pathological findings support the notion that brainstem pathology is important in the pathophysiology of cranial dystonia. PMID- 3221904 TI - Crural and axial myoclonic dystonia following meralgia paraesthetica. AB - A 49-year-old man developed a syndrome of crural-axial dystonia combined with segmental myoclonus 3 months after the onset of meralgia paraesthetica of the left leg. The association of this remarkable movement disorder with the pain syndrome is discussed. PMID- 3221906 TI - Tumor necrosis factor in human monocyte-mediated antitumor cytotoxicity. AB - The WEHI-164 target cells pretreated with actinomycin D can be employed in a 7 hour 51Cr release assay that exhibits exquisite susceptibility for cytotoxic monocytes without contribution by natural killer cells. The system can be used either to detect cell-mediated monocyte cytotoxicity directly or to measure cytotoxic-factor activity in cell-free supernatants. Analysis of cytotoxic factor demonstrates molecular characteristics similar to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies specific for TNF can readily neutralize the monocyte-generated cytotoxic factor. In the cell-mediated approach, neutralization can be achieved as well, although somewhat higher amounts of antibody are required. Hence, the WEHT-164/actinomycin D system appears to detect monocyte cytotoxicity that is mediated by TNF. PMID- 3221905 TI - Orthostatic tremor: an essential tremor variant? AB - Three patients with a clear-cut history of essential tremor of the upper limbs presented with the clinical features reported by Heilman as orthostatic tremor. Electromyographic findings included 6-8 Hz postural tremor in all four limbs. Highly synchronized 16 Hz rhythmic discharges were found in the legs upon standing. This peculiar pattern of discharge was also observed in the upper limbs and spinal muscles. High frequency rhythmic bursts, either alternating or co contracting were present in specific postures not necessarily related to standing. An additional group of 12 patients with postural tremor of the legs was studied; seven of these showed modification in the frequency and synchronization of the muscle discharges upon standing. Although none of them had the full-blown clinical syndrome of orthostatic tremor, they complained of mild unsteadiness upon standing, together with a vague sensation of stiffness in the lower limbs. The present findings induce us to think that there might be a link between essential tremor and the so-called orthostatic tremor. Orthostatic tremor might be an essential-tremor-related entity that may be caused by a derangement in the central mechanism in charge of the organization of certain motor activities, not necessarily controlling the standing position. PMID- 3221907 TI - Purified glycoproteins of influenza virus stimulate cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vivo. AB - Previously, we reported that purified surface influenza viral glycoproteins can induce cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) in vitro. Both neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA) were equally good stimulators, on an equimolar basis. In order to broaden the scope of these observations, we examined whether these glycoproteins stimulate natural killer (NK) activity in vivo. Biologically active preparations of glycoproteins NA and HA were purified from virus A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) and recombinant virus A/USSR/92/77 (H1) x A/Prague/1/56 (N7), respectively. The studies were carried out using the optimal doses of NA and HA. In a 4-hour NK assay, using NK-sensitive YAC-1 cells as targets, both viral glycoproteins stimulated the NK activity of splenocytes of BALB/c and C3H mice. This stimulation was independent of the route of administration (intravenous or intraperitoneal) of the antigen. The observed NK activity was viral antigen specific and could be modulated to levels comparable to those observed with the standard stimulator, polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid, by the use of an appropriate synthetic adjuvant, stearyl tyrosinate. Direct and indirect evidences suggest that the enhanced CMC is due to NK cells. These observations imply that enhancement of NK activity is the intrinsic property of influenza NA and HA. PMID- 3221909 TI - Identification of Plasmodium knowlesi erythrocyte binding proteins. AB - Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria of Old World monkeys, invades all Duffy blood group positive human erythrocytes and various New World monkey erythrocytes except Cebus apella. We had previously identified a 135 kDa parasite protein in supernatants of P. knowlesi cultures that bound to Duffy positive but not to Duffy negative human erythrocytes [Haynes et al., J. Exp. Med. 167, 1873-1881 (1988)]. We now use New World monkey erythrocytes as a reagent to identify P. knowlesi proteins in culture supernatants that will bind to all New World monkey erythrocytes susceptible to invasion but not to C. apella erythrocytes, which are refractory to invasion. The 135 kDa protein binds to all New World monkey erythrocytes, including C. appella. Another protein of 155 kDa binds to all New World monkey erythrocytes except C. apella. The 155 kDa protein binds to Old World monkey erythrocytes, the natural host of P. knowlesi; it does not bind to human Duffy positive erythrocytes. This and the previous study are the beginning of the identification of parasite proteins of P. knowlesi that bind to erythrocytes in a receptor specific manner. PMID- 3221908 TI - Treatment of mice with anti-asialo-GM1 antibody or poly-I:C: effects on metastasis dissociable from modulation of macrophage antitumor activity. AB - Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with poly-I:C or antibodies to asialo-GM1 enhances and depresses respectively natural killer (NK) cell activity while inversely altering lung metastasis, suggesting a critical role for these cells in controlling tumor formation. We assessed the effect of these treatments on antitumor activity mediated by macrophage (M phi) populations likely to be important in lung metastasis. Alveolar and lung interstitial M phi were asialo-GM1 positive (98%) and were sensitive to in vitro treatment with the antibody plus complement; however, treatment of mice with antibodies to asialo-GM1 failed to alter their tumoricidal activity in vitro. Few blood monocytes (4%) or spleen M phi (2%) were asialo-GM1 positive and their antitumor activity was similarly unaffected. In contrast, however, this same in vivo treatment resulted in a 14-fold increase in lung metastasis. Intraperitoneal injection of poly-I:C greatly reduced metastasis formation but also failed to significantly affect in vitro cytolytic activity of the M phi populations. These findings suggest that the major metastasis altering effects of these agents result from modulation of NK rather than M phi function. PMID- 3221910 TI - Immunological identification of Schistosoma mansoni peptidases. AB - Precipitin arcs formed after immunoelectrophoresis of Schistosoma mansoni egg, worm and cercarial antigens with polyspecific rabbit antisera have been 'stained' at neutral pH with chromogenic enzyme substrates specific for proteases and peptidases. A total of 7 antigenically distinct enzymes with peptidolytic properties were identified. An enzyme which hydrolyzed phenylalanine naphthyl ester bonds was found in adult worm extracts, but appeared to be host-derived in so far as it was also immunoprecipitable from the same extracts by rabbit anti normal mouse plasma. Three more phenylalanine naphthyl esterases were found, all stage-specific; one was in cercarial homogenates and two were in egg homogenates. A leucine naphthylamidase was also found in egg extracts, and it was antigenically distinct from, and did not react on dipeptide substrates that were hydrolyzed by two other leucine aminopeptidases present in extracts of all three stages of S. mansoni. The method provides a simple means of distinguishing constituents of complex mixtures of antigens by a combination of their immunological and biochemical properties. PMID- 3221911 TI - The identification and partial characterization of an immunodominant 29-31 kilodalton surface antigen expressed by adult worms of the human filaria Loa loa. AB - Detergent solubilized extracts of 125Iodogen surface labelled adult Loa loa revealed a relatively simple profile consisting of a strongly labelled molecule at 29-31 kDa and weakly labelled molecules at 14.5, 17, 21, 23, 34, 58, and 86 kDa. Residents of a L. loa endemic zone were assessed clinically and parasitologically and classified as microfilaremic, amicrofilaremic with documented ocular passage of adult worms, or 'resistant' subjects without any signs of infection. Sera from these subjects were used to identify L. loa adult surface antigens. All 'resistant' sera immunoprecipitated the 29-31 kDa antigen although some were more strongly reactive than others. The amicrofilaremic sera strongly immunoprecipitated the 29-31 kDa antigen, whereas microfilaremic sera reacted weakly or not at all with this antigen. Longer exposures of immunoprecipitates of strongly reactive sera revealed the recognition of additional antigens of 86, 44, 34, 23, 21, 17 and 14.5 kDa. Studies with heterologous sera demonstrated that these antigens contain cross-reactive epitopes which are restricted to filarial parasites. Biochemical characterization of the predominant 29-31 kDa antigen showed that it bound concanavalin A, was sensitive to proteases, and its antigenicity was resistant to heat but sensitive to periodate and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. These observations suggest that it is a glycoprotein containing mannose and N-acetylglucosamine residues and that the carbohydrate moiety is important for antibody binding. The importance of the 29-31 kDa glycoprotein in the immunobiology of loaiasis is suggested by the finding that resistant and infected amicrofilaremic individuals have strongly reactive IgG antibodies to this antigen. PMID- 3221913 TI - Keratinophilic fungi on the hair of cows, donkeys, rabbits, cats, and dogs from the West Bank of Jordan. AB - The mycoflora of hair of 111 cows, donkeys, rabbits, cats, and dogs were analysed and the frequency of occurrence and the relative importance value of the different fungal species isolated were calculated. Total numbers of species 56, 45, 48, 23, and 11 were recovered from cows, donkeys, rabbits, cats, and dogs respectively. The majority of the keratinophilic fungi isolated were either well known mycotic agents or have been recovered from various animal and human lesions. These comprised 87.8%, 66.7%, 61.4%, 59.3%, and 55.2% of the hair mycoflora in cats, dogs, rabbits, cows, and donkeys respectively. Seven species of dermatophytes were isolated: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, Microsporum gypseum, M. nanum, T. ajelloi, and M. canis. Cats harboured the largest number of dermatophytes (5 species), followed by cows (4 spp), rabbits (3 spp), and donkeys and dogs (1 sp). The role of these animals in the persistence and transmission of pathogenic fungi is discussed. PMID- 3221912 TI - Keratinophilic fungi on the hair of goats from the West Bank of Jordan. AB - The mycoflora of the hair in 178 goats from the West Bank of Jordan was analysed and the frequency of occurrence and the relative importance value for the different keratinophilic fungi found were calculated. One hundred and seven species which belong to 38 genera were isolated. Thirty six of these species were either well recognised agents of mycoses (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, and M. nanum), or have been frequently isolated from human and animal lesions (Arthroderma spp., Acremonium kiliense, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium carionii, and several other species). These potentially pathogenic fungal species comprised 66.9% of all keratinophilic fungi found on the hair of goats. The role of this animal as a reservoir for dermatophytes and other potentially pathogenic fungi is discussed. PMID- 3221914 TI - An ultrastructural study of the invasion of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae by Leptolegnia chapmanii (Oomycetes: Saprolegniales). AB - Transmission electron microscopy of the invasion of Culex quinquefasciatus by Leptolegnia chapmanii confirmed that it is a primary pathogen and revealed several differences between penetration via the gut and penetration via the integument. The latter often involved aggregations of zoospores, appressoria-like swellings of the invasive hyphae, and lateral growth of hyphae between the epicutical and endocuticle. These features were not detected in the case of gut invasion, but hyphal septa at the point of entry were apparently peculiar to this route. There was no evident tissue specificity, and death presumably resulted from generalized destruction of tissues. PMID- 3221915 TI - Measurement of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase activity in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis treated with ketoconazole. AB - Hemoglobin rates, hematocrit and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione reductase activities were measured in 38 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis treated with ketoconazole or sulfadoxin, and in 13 normal individuals. Ketoconazole-treated patients showed reduced G6PD and glutathione reductase activities. One of these patients was found to be G6PD-deficient and suffered a hemolytic episode during treatment, which, however, did not require interruption of therapy. The authors suggest that patients showing an erythrocyte enzyme defect should be monitored hematologically during treatment with ketoconazole. They also suggest that ketoconazole is an oxidant drug in addition to being a possible inhibitor of antioxidant erythrocyte enzymes. PMID- 3221916 TI - Correlation of levels of Pt and Se in rats treated simultaneously with cisplatin and sodium selenite. PMID- 3221918 TI - The Model Health Care Provider Liability Reform Act. A summary and commentary. PMID- 3221917 TI - Thomsen-Friedenreich (T)-active glycoproteins and a blood group N antigen precursor with T activity from human liver metastatic carcinomas. PMID- 3221919 TI - Medical malpractice and the potential for alternative dispute resolution. PMID- 3221920 TI - Feeding the elderly patient. PMID- 3221921 TI - Informed consent. PMID- 3221922 TI - Coping with separation and divorce. PMID- 3221923 TI - When the best outcome is death. PMID- 3221924 TI - Look-back: transfusion-acquired HIV infection at Duke University Medical Center. PMID- 3221925 TI - Concern about generic drugs. PMID- 3221926 TI - [The other side of curly hair]. PMID- 3221927 TI - [The cell within the organism; on life and death]. PMID- 3221929 TI - [A parasitic infections probably contracted through eating of imported trout]. PMID- 3221928 TI - [Urticaria and angioedema caused by cooking herbs and spices]. PMID- 3221930 TI - [Vaccinations in Africa, experiences in Burkina Faso]. PMID- 3221931 TI - [Tattoos]. PMID- 3221932 TI - [Immunization coverage: study on career choice in Kenya]. PMID- 3221933 TI - Mammography in the early detection of breast cancer. PMID- 3221934 TI - Aortic dissection. PMID- 3221935 TI - Role of levamisole immunotherapy as an adjuvant to radiotherapy in oral cancer- immune responses. AB - Investigations were carried out to assess the effect of levamisole immunotherapy as an adjuvant to radiotherapy on the immune response of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Parameters assessed were leukocyte migration inhibition, response to PPD and oral cancer extract (OCA), lymphocyte transformation to PHA, circulating antibodies to OCA and circulating immune complexes (CIC). Comparisons were made between groups receiving levamisole (L), those receiving placebo (P) and normal controls. The results of a thirty-month follow-up are presented. Radiotherapy resulted in a depression of cell-mediated functions, reduction in antibody titer also showed a gradual increase with time of follow-up. Levamisole, however, appeared to reduce the levels of CIC. PMID- 3221937 TI - Trends and patterns in lung cancer incidence in four cities of Eastern Europe, 1971-1980. AB - The trends of age-adjusted and age-specific lung cancer incidence rates showed over the period of 1971-1980 substantial differences in four selected towns of Eastern Europe. The downward age-adjusted trends in males coincided in Berlin with the possible beginning of their downturn in the whole country, while their decline in both sexes in Bratislava could be related to the change of demographis factors. In the other two towns studied--Cracow and Tallinn--the substantial increase of lung cancer incidence in males corresponded with the similar evolution in both respective countries (Poland and Estonia). The rising trends in females in both mentioned towns could be more or less compared with their dramatic increase in some developed countries. The rising trends of age-specific rates in younger age groups of males do not indicate meanwhile the positive influence of low-tar or filter-tipped cigarettes on lung cancer incidence in males observed recently in some countries. PMID- 3221936 TI - Cranial irradiation of children with soft-tissue sarcomas arising in parameningeal sites. AB - Soft-tissue sarcomas arising in parameningeal sites are characterized by the potential of a direct meningeal invasion. In order to improve survival rates, we started a treatment program which included whole cranial irradiation with a dose of 24-30 Gy and primary tumor irradiation with 55-65 Gy, and polychemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D and cyclophosphamide, and, in some cases, adriamycin. Results in a series of 9 children treated by this program were compared with a historical group of 12 children without cranial irradiation. In the group with extended irradiation to brain, survival was 40%, stabilized at the 13th month of treatment, and 38.1%, respectively, if orbitary tumors were excluded. In the historical group these values were only 20.83% and 15.67%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant. PMID- 3221938 TI - Evaluation of Mannich bases of styryl ketones and related hydrazones for activity against P388 leukemia. AB - A Mannich base namely 4-dimethylaminomethyl-1-phenyl-1-penten-3-one hydrochloride was shown to have far greater activity than 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) towards P388 leukemia cells in vitro. However, the compound was inactive in an in vivo P388 murine screen, and the object of this study was to discern molecular features which conferred in vivo activity. Mannich bases containing electron-attracting substituents in the aryl ring had in vivo potency in contrast to the analogs which had electron-donating groups in the ring. A number of hydrazones of the Mannich bases were prepared as potential prodrugs and did not enhance bioactivity. This observation was probably due to a lack of facile hydrolysis of the hydrazones to the corresponding Mannich bases in vivo since high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that representative hydrazones either did not regenerate the ketones or produced them only in minute quantities at pH values normally encountered in living tissues. PMID- 3221939 TI - Therapy of P388 leukemia with benzaldehyde. AB - Optimal schedules of benzaldehyde (50-100 mg kg-1 intraperitoneally) on day 1 or on several days after inoculation of 10(5) P388 leukemia cells to DBA 2J mice increased survival by 70-100%. No significant prolongation of survival was observed between the various schedules of benzaldehyde treatment. Significantly longer survival was observed on day 30 after benzaldehyde treatment with 100 mg kg-1 on day 1 or 50 mg kg-1 on days 1-4 as compared to untreated controls, but no cure was achieved with any schedule and dose of benzaldehyde. No or minimal activity of benzaldehyde on L1210 and L5178Y leukemias, Ehrlich adenocarcinoma and Yoshida sarcoma was observed. PMID- 3221940 TI - Some approaches to the perfection of histooncological diagnoses. AB - Inaccuracy, inadequate use of histooncological diagnosis and deficient use of the diagnostic scope have been found in our set of examinations. Responsibility for diagnostic errors resided most frequently in poor knowledge of the problem. Therefore more consistent postgraduate training in histooncological classification and codification is advisable. Periodically appearing revisions of the state of knowledge would also be a welcome contribution. Second diagnostic reading adds to the completeness and precision of oncological diagnosis, and should be more encouraged. Computer-based expert system helps to remind the users in specific situations of all the essential facts, thus making it sure that none of the diagnostic possibilities can be overlooked. The idea of systematic comparisons between the standard base of knowledge and practical histooncological diagnostics is an optimistic program of continuous inovation. PMID- 3221942 TI - Asian form of disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed by CT-guided biopsy of the adrenals treated with ketoconazol. PMID- 3221941 TI - A comparison of three methods to assess metabolic control in diabetic patients on CAPD treatment. PMID- 3221943 TI - Tongue necrosis by giant cell arteritis and fatal pacemaker embolism. PMID- 3221944 TI - Bile ascites after choledochotomy. PMID- 3221946 TI - Testing parasympathetic function at the bedside. PMID- 3221947 TI - Impaired vagal heart rate control in diabetes: relationship to long-term complications. PMID- 3221945 TI - Erythromelalgia in a patient with myelofibrosis. PMID- 3221948 TI - Measurement of intraperitoneal fluid kinetics in CAPD patients by means of autologous haemoglobin. PMID- 3221949 TI - Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins during the progression of chronic renal disease. AB - The association between lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels and the degree of renal failure was investigated in 72 conservatively treated patients with chronic renal disease. The progression of renal insufficiency was attended by marked increases in total triglycerides, and very-low-density (VLDL), low-density (LDL) and high-density (HDL) lipoprotein triglycerides. Total cholesterol was slightly elevated due to a rise in VLDL cholesterol. There was no change in LDL cholesterol, whereas HDL cholesterol decreased. Apo C-II and C-III showed distinct increases, their mass ratio decreasing only insignificantly. Apo B and A I were unaffected by the degree of renal insufficiency, whereas apo A-II decreased. The findings reflect compositional changes within HDL and the accumulation to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in chronic renal disease. The alterations in the plasma lipoprotein pattern were demonstrable even in early stages of renal failure and, therefore, may bear a serious risk for the acceleration of atherosclerosis. PMID- 3221950 TI - IgA nephropathy in blacks and Indians of Natal. AB - IgA nephropathy besides exhibiting a characteristic geographical distribution has been noted to have a low incidence in the blacks of the USA. There is a paucity of data on IgA nephropathy in the blacks of Africa. We report our findings among the blacks and compare these with Indians. An analysis of the primary glomerular diseases of 252 blacks and 75 Indians over 6 years (1981-1986) was done. Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis was the commonest type in the black (35.7%), whereas mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis was the commonest in Indians (26.7%). IgA nephropathy occurred in 2 blacks (1 male, 1 female), whereas there were 10 Indians (8 males, 2 females). Available data among whites in Natal show that IgA nephropathy is not uncommon. HLA studies done in blacks with IgA nephropathy did not reveal the HLAB35 or the DR4 antigen. HLAB35 in our blacks is less common compared to Indians and whites of Durban. Thus, although glomerulonephritis is common in blacks, IgA nephropathy is rare. This suggests that infection which is common in our black population may not be responsible for the aetiology of IgA nephropathy. A dietary factor in the form of a high-fibre diet may protect the black population from IgA nephropathy. However, a genetic factor cannot be excluded. PMID- 3221951 TI - Mechanism of hematuria. II. A scanning electron microscopic demonstration of the passage of blood cells through a glomerular capillary wall in rabbit Masugi nephritis. AB - A model of hematuria was established in rabbits. An accelerated form of unilateral Masugi nephritis was induced in 10 New Zealand white rabbits by an intravenous injection of duck antirabbit kidney serum and by ligating the left renal artery immediately after the injection of the antibody. All 10 rabbits became hematuric 1-2 weeks after the injection of the antibody and red blood cell (RBC) casts were found in the urinary sediment of all these animals. An ultrastructural examination of renal glomeruli by transmission electron microscopy revealed the transcapillary passage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes through the gaps of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). RBC were found in the urinary space in 50% of the glomeruli observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the passage of leukocytes and RBCs through the glomerular capillary wall was also observed. Gaps in the GBM became clearer after the removal of cellular components by detergents. In control rabbits, no RBCs could be observed in the urinary space, and isolated GBM were intact by SEM. These data further support the hypothesis that in rabbit Masugi nephritis hematuria is a result of the passage of RBCs through gaps in the GBM. PMID- 3221952 TI - Plasma exchange in acute renal failure due to postpartum hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Report of a case. PMID- 3221953 TI - Renal cell carcinoma presenting with acute renal failure and IgA glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3221954 TI - IgA nephropathy and nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3221955 TI - [Studies of alanine and aspartate transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase and phosphocreatine kinase levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum in multiple sclerosis]. AB - In the cerebrospinal fluid and serum the activity was determined of phosphocreatine kinase (CPK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AspAT) and alanine transaminase (AlAT) in 107 cases of multiple sclerosis. The results were compared with those in a control group of neurosis and a highly significant (three times) increase was observed in the activity of CPK and LDH in the cerebrospinal fluid as a result of organic damage to the brain tissue. By chromatographic method direct data were obtained indicating that increased CPK activity in the cerebrospinal fluid was connected with the CK-BB isoenzyme, that is with the cerebral fraction of the enzyme. PMID- 3221956 TI - [Diurnal fluctuations in plasma carbamazepine level in children with epilepsy]. AB - After determination of carbamazepine level in plasma by means of gas chromatography 23 profiles of 24-hour concentrations were plotted in children aged from 20 months to 15 years treated for epilepsy. In 12 of them monotherapy was given (Amizepin-Polfa in a mean daily dose of 18.7 mg/kg) while polytherapy was given to 11 children (mean daily dose was 21.1 mg/kg). Considerable fluctuations of the level of the drug were found in the plasma over 24 hours in various children, and individual differences after the administration of carbamazepine alone or with other drugs. The 24-hour fluctuations of total carbamazepine in the plasma and individual differences are due, probably, to pharmacokinetic factors due to physiological differences between patients and were correlated more to the age of the child than to the administered dose. PMID- 3221957 TI - [Clinical significance of a vascular loop in the internal carotid artery]. AB - In a group of 99 patients with unilateral or bilateral carotid artery loop the data in case records were analysed. In 11 cases no abnormalities were found, apart from the presence of carotid loop, that could be related to the presence of symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency observed in them. In 7 of them these symptoms appeared before the age of 40 years. Frequently, the appearance of symptoms was preceded by headaches and 6 patients had episodes of transient cerebral ischaemia. On lateral angiograms during lateral rotation of the head in 9 cases kinking of the arterial wall was seen which had been not observed in the anteroposterior projection. It is thought that in a small group of patients carotid loop may be the cause of cerebrovascular failure. PMID- 3221958 TI - [Treatment of Wilson's disease with Zincteral]. AB - In 27 patients with reliably diagnosed Wilson's disease treated previously with penicillamine (Cuprenil, Polfa) for from 10 months to 12 years penicillamine was withdrawn due to various adverse effects and replaced with zinc sulphate (Polish preparation Zincteral) in doses of 200 mg 4 times daily for 12 months. The neurological status was improved in 6 cases. No adverse effects of zinc sulphate were observed. PMID- 3221959 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis complicated by injury of the cauda equina]. AB - In 1971-1985 surgical treatment was carried out of 29 patients in the Neurosurgery Department WAM in Lodz and 5 in the Rehabilitation Centre in Konstancin for spondylolisthesis complicated with signs of cauda equina damage. In the surgical treatment the technique used was that of a combination of neurosurgical approach (full decompression of the nervous elements in the vertebral canal by laminectomy with foraminectomy or facetectomy, removal of protruding discs and osteophytes and parts of the vertebral bodies narrowing the vertebral canal), and orthopaedic procedures (spondylodesis between vertebral bodies posterior spondylodesis and a combination of both techniques). In one case spring alloplasty was done and in one case Harrington's rods were used. The operation was carried out at one time from the same posterior approach. The follow-up was from 1 to 15 years. A very good result was obtained in 20.6% of cases, good in 55.9%, satisfactory in 23.5%. In no case of worsening or lack of improvement were observed. PMID- 3221960 TI - [Analysis of the results of combined treatment of poorly differentiated brain gliomas]. AB - In a group of 139 patients with poorly differentiated brain gliomas controlled clinical trial was carried out for assessment of two methods of postoperative treatment. After possibly radical removal of the glioma the patients were treated by radiotherapy with 60Co teletherapy in doses of 60 Gy (30 fr) in depth during 6 weeks, and randomly chosen patients received also CCNU in one dose of 100 mg/m repeated at intervals of 6-8 weeks. The administration of CCNU failed to improve the therapeutic results. The median survival time in the whole group was 49 weeks. The survival rate after 1, 2 and 3 years was 45.4%, 22.8% and 14.9% respectively. The survival times of cases of glioblastoma multiforme were not significantly different from those of patients with other poorly differentiated gliomas independently of the treatment method. The complications were not troublesome. PMID- 3221961 TI - [Causes and incidence of abscesses of the brain and cerebellum in adults]. AB - The frequency of cerebral and cerebellar abscesses was analysed in relation to all intracranial tumours in the material of the Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Academy in Warsaw, and the causes of these abscesses in a group of 62 cases treated in the last ten years. The subject of interest was the variability of these parameters in the era of widely used antibiotic treatment. It was observed that in the last years the frequency of brain abscesses has decreased. They account presently for 2.2% of all intracranial tumours. The first place among the causes of abscesses is taken by otogenic infections with nasal sinusitis, although the percent of these causes is decreasing. Presently, the number of abscesses of unknown origin has been increasing, probably due to the widespread use of antibiotics which eradicate the primary infection focus early after its appearance. PMID- 3221962 TI - [Use of somatosensory evoked potentials for prognostic evaluation of patients with intracerebral hematoma]. AB - Evoked somatosensory potential (SEP) was studied in 15 patients with intracerebral haematomas comparing the obtained results with those in healthy subjects. In all studied patients the diagnosis was based on clinical picture and on computerized tomography. In 6 patients normal symmetrical records of SEP or records with slight differences of latency, amplitude or symmetry of various components between the ipsilateral and contralateral side in relation to the pathological focus were obtained. The postoperative course in this group was good. In 9 patients SEP on the ipsilateral or contralateral side (in relation to the pathological focus) was absent or deformed. The postoperative course in this group was unfavourable, and all patients died despite intensive treatment. PMID- 3221963 TI - [Equilibrium disorders and ataxia as dominating symptoms in a case of Alzheimer's disease]. AB - A case of a 66-year-old female woman with Alzheimer's disease (confirmed histologically) is reported. In the case cerebellar symptoms predominated without evidence of dementia. The patient died after duodenal haemorrhage. PMID- 3221964 TI - [Neurofibroma and meningioma of the spinal canal]. AB - The authors described a 22-year-old female patient in whom a neurofibroma had been removed at the age of 13 years (laminectomy L1, 2, 3), and 9 years later psammoma was removed by laminectomy Th7, 8, 9). Both tumours developed outside the cord and were removed radically. The patient without complaints and without neurological deficit returned to work. PMID- 3221965 TI - [Clinical and hemodynamic effects of lipo PGE1 in cerebral infarction]. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) E1 is a potent vasodilator on the peripheral vessels and also has an inhibitory action of platelet aggregation. Lipo PGE1, the lipid emulsified PGE1 has much longer half life time in the circulation than PGE1 which is rapidly inactivated in the lung. The purpose of this investigation was to study the clinical and hemodynamic effect of Lipo PGE1 on the 15 patients with acute or subacute focal cerebral ischemia. Of these patients, five had evidence of internal carotid artery occlusion, and ten had either occlusion or severe stenosis of middle cerebral artery. Lipo PGE1 containing 15 micrograms of PGE1 was administered within 12 days of onset of ischemic events. Before the first Lipo PGE1 administration, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the affected middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory was 41.8 +/- 8.4 ml/100 g/min and on the non-affected side was 60.0 +/- 9.4 ml/100 g/min. Immediately after the Lipo PGE1 treatment, rCBF of the MCA region was increased by 6% on the affected side and by 11% on the non-affected side. rCBF of the affected MCA territory was increased more than 15% in five cases (Group 1) and was changed less than +/- 15% in seven cases (Group 2) by the first Lipo PGE1 treatment. Lipo PGE1 was administered every 8 hours for 10 to 14 days in these 12 cases. By the continuous Lipo PGE1 treatment, rCBF of the affected MCA territory increased by 18% in the Group 1 and by 3% in the Group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221966 TI - [Experimental hemodynamic study on carotid ligation combined with EC-IC bypass for giant aneurysm]. AB - Although carotid ligation or balloon occlusion has been an accepted method for the inaccessible ICA aneurysm, there have been several reports of growth or rupture of the aneurysm, and cerebral embolism originating from the site of arterial occlusion or from the aneurysm. The hemodynamic changes after operation are suspected to play some role in these events. It is, therefore, very important to predict what will happen after operation in individual patients. However, it is usually difficult because multiple factors are related in a complex fashion in a living body. One of the effective means is to simulate these hemodynamic conditions by a hydraulic vascular model. We have already reported the hemodynamic changes resulting from EC-IC bypass for MCA stenosis. In this research, a glass-model aneurysm of 2.5 cm in diameter is placed at the ICA bifurcation of the model to evaluate hemodynamics after therapeutic carotid occlusion with or without EC-IC bypass. Dye was injected into the aneurysm and intensity change of the light transmitted there was measured by a photocell. Half life of the dye was calculated from thus obtained clearance curve and was regarded as an index of intraaneurysmal stagnation, while embolus formation in an aneurysm is considered to be due to the stagnation there. The results obtained are: 1. Half-life of the dye increases significantly after carotid ligation even if collateral flow through the anterior communicating artery (A-com) or EC-IC bypass equals the ICA flow before ligation. 2. The higher collateral flow through A-com results in the more normograde flow in M1 portion, which shortens the half life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221968 TI - [The results of treatment of craniopharyngiomas in 33 children]. AB - Thirty-three cases of craniopharyngioma in children for past twenty-two years were evaluated by long term result, the outcome by different treatment, the effect of irradiation and recurrence rate, etc. Operation was performed in all cases. The contents of operation were as follows: total removal; 3 cases, subtotal removal; 9 cases, partial removal; 11 cases, cyst evacuation + Ommaya reservoir; 9 cases, shunt only; 1 case. Ten cases were operated by transsphenoidal approach, five cases of which were performed by combined operation of intracranial and transsphenoidal approach and extensive removal was possible in all cases. Radiation therapy was carried out in seventeen cases, four of which were treated by internal irradiation with Au-198 colloid or P-32 chromic phosphate. Overall survival rates of 5 years and 10 years were 70% and 64% respectively. The more the grade of tumor removal was done, the lower the rate of death resulted. In five cases treated by combined operation of intracranial and transsphenoidal approach, all cases were surviving. In irradiated group 5 year and 10 year survival rates were 93% and 71.5%, while, in non-irradiated group those survival rates were 46.2% and 46.2% respectively. Internal irradiation was done in four cases, the effect of which was satisfactory. Recurrences of the tumor appeared in eight cases, three of which were dead. In conclusion; 1) Overall survival rates of 5 years and 10 years were 70% and 64% respectively. The rate of tumor removal was well correlated to the outcome. 2) The outcome in the irradiated group was better than that in nonirradiated group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221967 TI - [Transthoracic approaches to the lesions of thoracic cord and thoracic vertebrae]. AB - Experiences of transthoracic approaches to the thoracic cord lesions were reported. Since 1983, we have performed six transthoracic approaches to the thoracic lesions; one thoracic OPLL, one dumbbell-shaped neurinoma, two thoracic soft disc, one epidural metastatic tumor to thoracic vertebrae. From the viewpoint of surgical anatomy, the thoracic vertebrae show a physiological kyphosis and the subarachnoid space of the ventral site is narrower than that of the dorsal site. Due to such anatomical characteristics, the thoracic laminectomy for decompression is not so effective as in the cervical or lumbar region and a relatively small mass lesion can bring a paraplegic state. The lesion of the ventral site of the thoracic cord has been regarded as no man's land because of poor results of posterior approaches. Instead of posterior approaches, anterior or anterolateral approaches with transthoracic route have been adopted. In the present paper, we used transthoracic anterolateral approaches for four patients and anterior sternum-splitting approach for two patients. The operative procedures of the approaches were described in detail. By these approaches, we could treat four patients with favourable results but the result of thoracic OPLL was poor. The cause of this poor result seemed to depend upon the intraoperative compression of the thoracic cord. For the troublesome complication, we described the postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage into thoracic cavity with respiratory disturbance. Several devices to prevent such troublesome complication were discussed. PMID- 3221970 TI - [A case of quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cyst associated with hydrocephalus]. AB - A case of quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cyst associated with hydrocephalus is reported. A 1-year-old girl was admitted to our service on July 31, 1984, because of mental retardation and an enlarged head. She was born of a full-term pregnancy and normal vaginal delivery without prenatal complications. Progressive increase in her head circumference was noticed at the age of 6 months by her family physician. On admission she was found to be a well-nourished infant with a head circumference of 56 cm, bulging anterior fontanelle and mental retardation. Marked dilatation of the lateral ventricles and a large cyst in the quadrigeminal cistern were demonstrated on plain CT. There were no findings of communication between the ventricular system and the cyst on metrizamide CT ventriculography. The extension of the cyst from the quadrigeminal cistern to the right cerebello pontine angle was demonstrated on reconstructed coronal CT. Reconstructed sagittal section revealed huge hydrocephalus caused by aqueductal stenosis. A vertebral angiography demonstrated opening of the para-mesencephalic segments of the bilateral posterior cerebral arteries and downward displacement of the right superior cerebellar artery. Accordingly, a large quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cyst with hydrocephalus caused by aqueductal stenosis was suspected. Following V P shunt operation for hydrocephalus, right temporo-parietal craniotomy was performed. The inner wall of the lateral ventricle was thin and an expanding cyst was observed through it. A partial resection of the cyst wall with the ventricular wall was performed to obtain communication between the cyst and lateral ventricle. The content of the cyst was watery clear fluid like CSF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221969 TI - [Renal protection in acute neurosurgical diseases--effect of a low dose dopamine with reference to acute renal failure and hypernatremia in patients with dehydration]. AB - The authors reviewed the effect of low dose dopamine administration (1-5 micrograms/kg/min) in neurosurgical patients with acute renal failure (5 cases) or hypernatremia (7 cases) in whom cerebral dehydration therapy for intracranial hypertension was thought to be causative of these disorders. Cases with hypernatremia (serum sodium over 155 mEq/l) were considered in the stage of impending acute renal failure as in the majority of cases serum creatinine levels were mildly elevated while urinary sodium was markedly diminished. Associated with systemic hypovolemia, in cases with acute renal failure (with serum creatinine over 3.5 mg/dl and urinary output of less than 20 ml/hr for more than 4 hour duration) the urinary sodium levels were less than 20 mEq/l. In all the cases treated by low dose dopamine, urinary output and sodium increased within 6 hours and in the following 24 hours stabilized urinary output with its elevated sodium (some 100 mEq/l) was obtained. As the result, elevated urea-nitrogen or serum sodium was rather easily washed out and the patients were kept adequately hydrated afterwards. Any complications such as aggravation of cerebral edema or convulsive disorder were not associated with this regime. The authors, therefore, would emphasize that low dose dopamine administration resulting in sodium diuresis and increase in renal blood flow is a practical way of method in treating patients with hypernatremia or acute renal failure caused by hyperosmolar agent infusion in their acute stage. PMID- 3221971 TI - [Two cases of cerebral aspergillosis with intracerebral hemorrhage]. AB - Two patients who had cerebral aspergillosis with massive intracerebral hemorrhage were presented. Case I was a 59-year-old woman who had slight mental retardation. There was swelling in the left forehead, from which mucosal cysts of frontal sinus had been removed 2 years before her admission. She had a diagnosis of subdural abscess and radical operation was performed. Aspergillus was found in the abscess histologically. Three months after the operation, CT scan revealed multiple abscess in bilateral frontal lobe. When she lost consciousness suddenly 4 months after the operation, CT scan showed a huge intracerebral hematoma. Case 2 was a 16-year-old girl who suffered from immunological dysfunction caused by more than 6 months antibiotics-steroid treatment for pneumonitis. She lost her consciousness after complaints of severe headache. CT scan showed a heterogeneous high density area with severe brain edema in the left temporal lobe. The removal of hematoma was performed immediately. The level of her consciousness improved, but she died of the complication of DIC and renal failure 14 days after the hemorrhage. Autopsy revealed a number of aspergillomas in lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas. Marked necrosis and a number of aspergillus hyphae which invaded and penetrated the wall of cerebral vessels were found in the brain tissue. It was presumed that such a huge intracerebral hematoma was caused by direct invasion and penetration into the brain of aspergillus from the blood vessels. The diagnosis of cerebral aspergillosis is made mainly by the pathological examination of the tissue obtained at surgery or autopsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221972 TI - [Central nervous cryptococcosis giving rise to ascites after ventriculo peritoneal shunting--a case report]. AB - The ascites retention as a complication after ventriculo-peritoneal shunting (V-P shunt) is very rare. In this paper, a case of central nervous cryptococcosis giving rise to ascites after a V-P shunt is presented. A 45-year-old female was referred to Prefectural Gifu Hospital complaining of nausea and disturbance of recent memory. She had no remarkable medical history. CT scan films on admission showed enlarged ventricles except for the fourth ventricle, indicating an obstructed hydrocephalus. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations revealed an increase in cell counts (mostly lymphocytes) and protein content, and positive Pandy and Nonne-Apelt reactions. Based on this information, it was tentatively suggested that she had a certain infection in the central nervous system such as mycosis or tuberculosis etc. Continuous ventricular drainage was performed for about three weeks. During this period, several lumbar and ventricular CSF cultures were negative. Therefore, a V-P shunt operation was performed. However, about seven weeks after the V-P shunt, she developed abdominal distention without any peritoneal signs. Abdominal CT scan films showed an abnormal ascites retention. Laboratory tests revealed positive CRP and increased ESR values. Again, it was suggested that she had not only a central nervous but also a peritoneal infection giving rise to ascites. From samples of ventricular CSF and ascites, cryptococcus neoformans was cultured. The lumbar CSF revealed positive latex agglutination titer for cryptococcal antigen, although the culture was negative. The ascites examination revealed an increase in cell counts (mostly lymphocytes) and protein content, and positive Rivalta and Runneberg reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221973 TI - [Sacral perineural cyst--report of a case]. AB - The presence of cysts within the sacral spinal canal, so-called sacral cysts, is described in literature. These include 'sacral perineural cyst', 'sacral extradural cyst', 'occult intrasacral meningocele' and 'anterior sacral meningocele'. Sacral perineural cyst in these cystic disorders was first described as an incidental autopsy finding by Tarlov in 1938. Since then, several reports have been made describing the sign and symptom, neurological findings, roentgenographic diagnosis and cause and origin of the sacral perineural cysts, although many problems are not yet solved satisfactorily. This cyst occurs on the extradural components of sacral or coccygeal nerve roots. Although most are asymptomatic, these occasionally cause low back pain, sciatic and sacrococcygeal pain, sensory and motor disturbance in the lower extremities, and urinary dysfunction, which symptoms are similar to those brought on by lumbar disc herniation. In 1948, Tarlov reported a case of sciatic pain due to a perineural cyst, the removal of which relieved the symptoms. Symptoms occur because adjacent nerve roots are impinged upon by the thin-walled, fluid-filled cysts, which are formed in a space between the endoneurium and the perineurium. Microscopically, the cyst walls consist of peripheral nerve fibers or ganglionic cells covered with meningeal epithelium. Communication of the cyst with subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid may be poor, but myelogram and CT myelogram demonstrate the cysts filling with contrast media. With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), imaging of the sacral perineural cysts has improved. Recently we had the opportunity to evaluate a patient in whom perineural cysts had caused considerable erosion of the sacrum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3221974 TI - [Recurrent meningioma with malignant changes and extracranial multiple metastases]. AB - A case of recurrent meningioma with malignant change and extracranial multiple metastases is reported. A 51-year-old female was operated on and left parasagittal meningioma was extirpated by Simpson grade II. Histological diagnosis was fibroblastic and transitional meningioma with slight atypism. Six years later, however, the tumor (transitional meningioma with slight mitosis) recurred in the same portion and was removed again by Simpson grade II. Further more, four years after the second operation, bilateral parasagittal meningioma (atypical meningioma; transitional type) was extirpated by Simpson grade I including superior sagittal sinus and falx. Only eight months after the last operation, a few tumors with central necrosis were demonstrated in the bilateral parasagittal area on a computerized tomography scan and she received radiation therapy. But the tumor had metastasized to the extracranial multiple organs including lungs, liver, pancreas, adrenal gland, muscles, multiple bones and lymph nodes. Post mortem diagnosis was malignant meningioma. We reviewed and discussed the characteristics of metastasizing meningioma, the effectiveness of radiation therapy on the prevention of recurrence of meningioma and the curative effect of radiation therapy for recurrent or metastasized meningioma. PMID- 3221975 TI - [A case of hemorrhage into a brain abscess]. AB - A rare case of hemorrhage into a brain abscess in a 23-year-old man is reported. The patient complained of headache and low-grade fever on February 26, 1986. Two days later, he developed right hemiparesis and right hemisensory disturbance with mild consciousness disturbance and was admitted to a local hospital. Seven days after the onset, he suddenly became semicomatose, developed anisocoria and was consequently transferred to the University Hospital. On admission, his temperature was 37.5 degrees C and neurological examination revealed semicoma, anisocoria and right hemiparesis without nuchal rigidity. Enhanced CT scan showed a high density area within an irregular ring enhancement at the left basal ganglia. At that time, malignant glioma was diagnosed and an emergency operation was performed by left frontotemporal craniectomy. During the operation blood clot was found in the posterior part of the basal ganglia. After operation, a histological examination was made and a brain abscess was diagnosed. Gram staining revealed gram-positive bacillus. By aspiration of the abscess and chemotherapy, recovery was gradually made. He was discharged with motor dysphasia and mild right hemiparesis three months later. Differentiation between abscess and malignant glioma and the cause of the hemorrhage are discussed. PMID- 3221976 TI - Inherited prenatal hydrocephalus in the H-Tx rat: a morphological study. AB - The H-Tx rat has inherited hydrocephalus which is present at birth. In order to investigate the onset and early stages of hydrocephalus, the heads of fetuses from 16 to 21 days gestation and at 1 day after birth, were serially sectioned using conventional wax histology. Lateral and third ventricle volumes were measured with a graphics tablet and microcomputer. Hydrocephalus was first detected at 18-20 days gestation by enlarged lateral ventricles and it was sometimes accompanied by a large third ventricle. Most hydrocephalics had a non patent cerebral aqueduct between the third ventricle and the posterior collicular recess and the remainder (about 25%) had an aqueduct which was patent but with a smaller lumen than in non-hydrocephalic littermates. Some fetuses prior to 18 days gestation with normal lateral ventricles also had non-patent aqueducts. Abnormal aqueducts were lined by ependymal cells which were ventrally displaced by thickening of the overlying midbrain; also the subcommissural organ was foreshortened. Infusion with fluorescent markers confirmed that the flow pathway through the aqueduct was obstructed in many hydrocephalic rats. It is concluded that the hydrocephalus may be the result of abnormal brain development in the midline region of the dorsal mesencephalon, leading to aqueduct closure. PMID- 3221977 TI - The mdx mouse skeletal muscle myopathy: II. Contractile properties. AB - The contractile properties of soleus muscles from mdx and control mice aged between 26 and 350 days were compared with those of muscles from similarly aged control mice. Mdx mice were in general heavier (their individual soleus muscles were also heavier), of greater cross-sectional area and greater standard length than age-matched controls. Isometric forces produced by soleus muscles from young mdx mice (less than or equal to 100 days) were similar to controls, but were weaker when force was normalized for cross-sectional area. Conversely, although the absolute isometric forces produced by older (greater than 100 days) mdx muscles were greater than age-matched controls, when normalized for cross sectional area they were similar. No differences were found between mdx and control muscles in terms of length-force or force-velocity relationships. Thus, young mdx control muscles produce similar absolute isometric force but mdx mouse muscles are larger. When muscle size is accounted for, in terms of cross sectional area, younger mdx muscles are, therefore, weaker than controls. Inefficient contraction of young mdx muscles may result from lack of contractile fibres, physiological inefficiency of contractile fibres, or loss of tendon-fibre continuity during muscle fibre necrosis and regeneration. The striking supernormal size and strength of older mdx muscles reflects their considerable regenerative capacity; whether this is due to an increase in muscle fibre number rather than fibre hypertrophy remains unclear. PMID- 3221978 TI - Immunostaining of scrapie cerebral amyloid plaques with antisera raised to scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF). AB - Brain sections from 16 different mouse scrapie models were immunostained with antisera to scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF) from three experimental scrapie sources (hamster 263K, mouse ME7 and mouse 22L). These models involved seven strains of scrapie injected intracerebrally or intraperitoneally into a range of inbred mouse strains, producing a wide variety of neuropathological changes. The only brain structures which were positively immunostained were amyloid plaque cores in those models in which plaques could be readily identified using traditional amyloid stains. The intensity of immunostaining correlated with the density of amyloid in the cores, as detected by Congo red and thioflavine S staining. No differences in immunostaining specificity were found between antisera or between plaques in different combinations of scrapie strain and mouse genotype. There were also no differences in immunoreactivity between plaques in different parts of the brain. These results strongly suggest that SAF and histologically detectable amyloid in scrapie mice are derived from the same precursor protein. Scrapie-associated cerebrovascular amyloid and plaques in sheep and goats also gave positive immunostaining with SAF antisera, although the lesions in the natural disease could only be stained after formic acid pretreatment. Senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome, although structurally similar to scrapie amyloid plaques, were found to be completely negative for SAF, in agreement with previous biochemical and immunocytochemical findings. PMID- 3221979 TI - Leucodystrophy with pigmented glial and scavenger cells (pigmentary type of orthochromatic leucodystrophy). AB - A 38-year-old man with progressive psychiatric disturbances, dysarthria, myoclonus, rigidity and terminal generalized seizures died 4 years after onset. At post-mortem, severe leucodystrophy of the centrum semi-ovale, corpus callosum and internal capsule was found. In the demyelinated areas, abundant mononuclear phagocytes were found filled with dark yellow or brown pigment granules, staining with PAS and Sudan black, autofluorescent in paraffin sections, and orthochromatic with toluidine blue in paraffin and frozen sections and positive with Fontana's silver method. Iron deposits were present in a few cells. Electron micrographs of a biopsy showed massive storage of lipofuscin and ceroid with fingerprint profiles in macrophages and, to a lesser degree, in astrocytes as well. Oligodendroglia were depleted in demyelinated areas but prominent in the subcortical regions and in small foci in the deep cerebral white matter; they contained intracytoplasmic inclusions with fingerprint profiles. From these morphological findings it is suggested that lipofuscin and ceroids are the lipopigments stored in the pigmentary type of orthochromatic leucodystrophy. PMID- 3221980 TI - Positive feedback in hypogonadal female mice with preoptic area brain transplants. AB - When fetal preoptic area (POA) brain grafts that contain gonadotropin-releasing hormone cells are transplanted into the third ventricle of adult female hypogonadal mice, the animals respond with sexual maturation, persistent estrus, and the ability to ovulate reflexively after mating. However, the absence of normal spontaneous ovulatory cyclicity suggests an impairment in positive feedback. We, therefore, studied the effect of administration of progesterone alone or of sequential estradiol benzoate and progesterone on plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) in groups of hypogonadal (HPG) mice in persistent estrus after receiving POA grafts (HPG/POA). Individual differences in responsivity to progesterone were related in part to the length of time in persistent estrus. Approximately 30% of HPG/POA grafts tested 2 months after graft showed increased levels of plasma LH. This was reduced to 10% when animals were tested 5 months after graft. Sequential administration of estradiol benzoate plus progesterone to intact HPG/POA mice was ineffective in elevating LH. The presence of corpora lutea in ovaries verified that only animals with a progesterone induced LH surge ovulated. Other HPG/POA mice were mated, and the occurrence of reflex ovulation was determined. Four of these mice delivered pups: 3 were previous responders to progesterone. One female mated again during the immediate postpartum period and delivered a second litter. Following weaning of all offspring, this animal displayed spontaneous ovarian cyclicity, confirmed by ovarian histology. This is the first proven example of spontaneous ovulation in a mutant mouse with a brain graft. The results show that some HPB/POA mice are capable of positive feedback responses, and rarely, of becoming spontaneous ovulators. PMID- 3221981 TI - Estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent effects of progesterone on the electrophysiological excitability of dorsal midbrain neurons in golden hamsters. AB - During the induction of lordosis responses in golden hamsters, the joint actions of estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) have been found to produce major changes in the activity levels, sensory responsiveness and movement-related firing of neurons in the dorsal midbrain, a region vital for lordosis in this species. The present study investigated the possibility that these effects of E and P on dorsal midbrain neurons might arise through changes in transsynaptic excitability or spike-generating processes. Single dorsal midbrain neurons were orthodromically or antidromically activated by ventromedial midbrain tegmental stimulation in ovariectomized, urethane-anesthetized hamsters before and after subcutaneous injection of P in propylene glycol vehicle. P injection produced two neurophysiological effects: (1) a strong depression of transsynaptic activation, and (2) in antidromically invaded neurons, a change in the amplitude (either an increase or decrease) of the soma-dendritic spike component. Both of these effects appeared rapidly (i.e. within 10-20 min) after P injection. The P effect on orthodromic neuronal excitability was contingent upon E priming of the hamsters, but, in contrast, the P effect on antidromic spike amplitude was not. Several features of these neurophysiological effects of P imply that the hormone may have been acting through nongenomic mechanisms, possibly involving receptors in neuronal membranes. PMID- 3221982 TI - Localized increase of GABA levels in brain areas of the rat and inhibition of the plasma LH rise following orchidectomy. AB - Previous studies have suggested that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) exerts inhibitory actions on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion that are likely to be mediated by modifications in noradrenergic transmission. To explore further this hypothesis we have studied the effect of increasing GABA contents in discrete areas of the brain on plasma LH levels in short-term orchidectomized rats. GABA accumulation was produced by the GABA transaminase inhibitor, gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG). The locus coeruleus area (LC), where the noradrenaline (NA) cells projecting through the dorsal noradrenergic bundle are located, and several hypothalamic areas that are innervated by NA-containing fibers were microinjected with GVG. Most of these areas are known to be related to the neural control of LH secretion. GVG microinjected in the LC and medial preoptic area increased the GABA content and blunted significantly the acute increase of plasma LH produced by castration. Bicuculline prevented these effects. Delayed effects of GVG were observed when applied in the anterior hypothalamic area and ventromedial-arcuate nucleus area. In these latter areas, a single injection of GVG did not augment the GABA concentrations and was unable to prevent LH release, but a clear inhibitory effect took place after a second injection of GVG between 24 and 48 h after orchidectomy. Unresponsive areas to GVG treatment were the lateral preoptic area, the median eminence and the dorsal raphe. These results add support to the view that GABA inhibits LH release in rats, at discrete areas of the brain. PMID- 3221983 TI - Immunoneutralization of oxytocin attenuates preovulatory prolactin secretion during proestrus in the rat. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that oxytocin (OT) stimulates prolactin (PRL) release from the anterior pituitary gland and that the secretion of OT into pituitary portal blood changes during the rat estrous cycle. To better define the role of OT on PRL release during the reproductive cycle, the effect of administration of antiserum specific for OT on preovulatory PRL secretion in female rats was studied. Intravenous injection of OT antiserum into cyclic female rats between 13.30 and 14.00 h of proestrus neutralized the elevated levels of OT in pituitary portal blood and significantly reduced the subsequent PRL surge. The characteristic proestrous surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) was not affected by the OT antiserum treatment. These data support a physiological role for OT in the regulation of PRL release during the reproductive cycle. PMID- 3221984 TI - Normal cardiac contractility in patients with congenital nemaline myopathy. AB - We made cardiac investigations in 12 patients aged 5-25 years with congenital nemaline myopathy by physical examination, electrocardiography, chest-X-ray and echocardiography to find out whether they showed signs of structural anomalies, specific heart muscle disease, conduction defects or cor pulmonale. One patient had a small ventricular septal defect and one had mitral valve prolapse, neither of which had caused haemodynamic alterations. In the other patients, cardiac findings were normal. Cardiac follow-up seems indicated, however, since cor pulmonale may develop in these patients because of their small vital capacity and restricted breathing movements. PMID- 3221985 TI - Multiple sclerosis in children: report of clinical and paraclinical features of 19 cases. AB - We report our experience concerning clinical and paraclinical features of multiple sclerosis in 19 children. The disease was highly variable in its presentation but acute episodes of retrobulbar optic neuritis or transverse myelitis or cerebellitis were commonly observed at the onset. Diagnosis was very often suspected as soon as the first episode when there was clinical evidence of more than one lesion (43%) or study of the cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated a local secretion of immunoglobulins (60%). Evoked potential studies and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging were performed during the course of the disease and exhibited abnormalities of the kind observed in adult patients and with a similar frequency; this suggests that such studies can be very useful in the evaluation of children suspected of having multiple sclerosis. When the initial form of the disease was a chronic myelopathy, the course was progressive from the onset, leading rapidly to a marked invalidity (15%). Most often a succession of relapses and remissions occurred after the first attack and major sequelae appeared 5 to 10 years later. Such features are not very different from those observed in adult patients and suggest that these patients can benefit from the progress resulting from therapeutic trials in adult patients. PMID- 3221987 TI - Coagulation abnormalities in low birth weight infants with peri-intraventricular hemorrhage. AB - Fifty-four appropriate for gestational age preterm infants (less than 35 weeks gestation) were followed prospectively from birth with coagulation and real-time ultrasound studies. Coagulation analyses included fibrinogen, prothrombin time, thrombin time and platelet count. The occurrence of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) was documented by portable 5 MHz Echo Scanner. Definite PIVH was present in 21 babies (38%). Coagulation studies showed especially lower values of fibrinogen levels in babies of less than 30 weeks gestation compared to a control group without PIVH (p less than 0.03). Furthermore, significant correlation was observed in these patients between platelet count and degree of PIVH. Infants with Grade 3 and 4 PIVH had lower platelet count than infants with less severe bleeding (Grade 1 and 2) (p less than 0.02). These data suggest that hemostatic abnormalities play a major role as co-factor in the incidence and severity of neonatal PIVH in very low birth weight infants of less than 30 weeks gestation. PMID- 3221986 TI - Epidemiology of infantile hydrocephalus in Sweden. Current aspects of the outcome in preterm infants. AB - The outcome in a population-based series of 61 Swedish preterm infants born in 1967-82 with infantile hydrocephalus (IH) was investigated. Sixteen (26%) died before the age of two years. The available information was updated when the 45 surviving children were at least four years and six months old. A structured follow-up examination was performed in the 13 children who had passed the age of six years. Among the 45 survivors, 47% had cerebral palsy, 51% mental retardation and 33% epilepsy. The overall outcome for preterm infants with IH was found to be poorer than that for fullterm ones. Prognostic factors correlating to a poor outcome were an obvious origin of IH (pre- or perinatal) and a gestational age of less than 28 weeks. It is concluded that handicapped IH children born very or extremely prematurely constitute a new, and to a large extent severely brain damaged group that has entered the Swedish IH panorama since the end of the 1970s. PMID- 3221988 TI - The syndrome of osteopetrosis, renal acidosis and cerebral calcification in two sisters. AB - The syndrome of osteopetrosis associated with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification, inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder, as seen in two sisters, is described. The primary defect in this rare syndrome is deficiency of carbonic anhydrase (CA) II. Significant reduction in blood levels of CA II were found in both parents and another sister, suggesting that these individuals are heterozygotic carriers. PMID- 3221989 TI - A CT study of cerebral vascular outcome patterns in congenital cerebral palsy. PMID- 3221990 TI - Congenital dystrophy and myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3221991 TI - [Myelographic findings in arachnoiditis and possible relationship with previous manipulations of perimedullary spaces]. PMID- 3221992 TI - [2 years of anesthesia in extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. 1768 cases]. PMID- 3221993 TI - [Hypotension controlled by labetalol in orthopedic surgery]. PMID- 3221995 TI - [Analysis of variables of Melzack's semantic questionnaire in patients with osteoarthrosis]. PMID- 3221994 TI - [Study of malpositions as complications of venous central catheterization and related events]. PMID- 3221997 TI - Black children and poverty: a developmental perspective. PMID- 3221996 TI - [Association of pneumothorax and massive pneumoperitoneum. Considerations on an unusual clinical case]. PMID- 3221998 TI - [Prenatal evaluation of fetal health by integrated biophysical methods]. PMID- 3221999 TI - [Genital condylomatosis. Retrospective analysis of a longitudinal study conducted by colposcopy in 142 patients]. PMID- 3222001 TI - [Evaluation of the main growth indices in experimental animals]. PMID- 3222000 TI - [Maternal addiction to opiates during pregnancy and fetal health]. PMID- 3222002 TI - [Effects of maternal methadone addiction on the growth and health of the fetus]. PMID- 3222003 TI - [Smoking and cancer of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 3222004 TI - [Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Reflections on a case]. PMID- 3222005 TI - [Can age influence the course of pregnancy? Experience in the L'Aquila area in the period 1979-1986]. PMID- 3222006 TI - [The adolescent and dysmenorrhea. Our clinical experience]. PMID- 3222007 TI - [Search for an operability score in patients with ovarian cancer in intestinal occlusion]. PMID- 3222008 TI - [Gynecologic acute abdomen. Review of 43 cases]. PMID- 3222009 TI - [Statistical report on the births at the Obstetrical and Gynecologic Clinic of L'Aquila during the period 1979-1986]. PMID- 3222010 TI - [Gemeprost in the induction of cervical dilation in nulliparas during 1st trimester abortions]. PMID- 3222011 TI - [Use of sulprostone for cervical dilation in nulliparas during 1st trimester abortions]. PMID- 3222012 TI - [Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section]. PMID- 3222013 TI - Continuing education are the needs being met? PMID- 3222014 TI - Problem? Talk it through. PMID- 3222015 TI - Mineral fibres and health. PMID- 3222016 TI - AIDS and employment. PMID- 3222017 TI - Health promotion in the workplace. PMID- 3222018 TI - Oil nurses keep in step with change. PMID- 3222020 TI - Oil: handling emergencies. PMID- 3222019 TI - Oil refinery hazards. PMID- 3222022 TI - Dealing with epilepsy. PMID- 3222021 TI - Oil: toxicity of drilling mud. PMID- 3222023 TI - Once upon a time ... (or "a modern Aesop's fable"). PMID- 3222024 TI - Hot buttons and pressure points--managed care. PMID- 3222025 TI - AIDS and Ohio--the statistics. PMID- 3222026 TI - A national perspective. The medically indigent. PMID- 3222027 TI - Does medical indigence exist in Ohio? PMID- 3222028 TI - Around-the-state aid for the medically needy. PMID- 3222029 TI - The medically needy--and the next generation. PMID- 3222030 TI - Referrals and consultations: avoiding the risk of liability. PMID- 3222031 TI - Let the prescriber beware! PMID- 3222034 TI - Practice patterns often emerge as factors in malpractice lawsuits. PMID- 3222033 TI - National childhood vaccine injury act. Requirements for permanent vaccination records and for reporting of selected events after vaccination. National Vaccine Program, Centers for Disease Control. PMID- 3222032 TI - Why people don't take their medicine. PMID- 3222035 TI - In support of routine inquiry for CPR: Part I. PMID- 3222036 TI - Electron microscopic studies of the external gill epithelium of the salamander, Hynobius dunni Tago, followed throughout larval life. PMID- 3222037 TI - Observation on the basal lamina of duodenal epithelial cells during metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 3222038 TI - Surgical approach to lamellar sclerouvectomy for posterior uveal melanomas: the 1986 Schoenberg lecture. AB - We describe a technique of surgically removing melanomas that involve the ciliary body and/or the choroid, while leaving intact the outer portion of the sclera and the overlying sensory retina. This procedure, called a partial lamellar sclerouvectomy, can be subclassified as a partial lamellar sclerocyclochoroidectomy in the case of ciliochoroidal melanomas, and as a partial lamellar sclerochoroidectomy in the case of pure choroidal melanomas. PMID- 3222039 TI - Successful treatment of advanced retinopathy of prematurity. AB - Thirty-nine eyes of 20 premature infants, mean birthweight 922 g, mean gestational age 27 weeks, with active retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), were treated. Thirty-one eyes with stage 3+ ROP and 180 degrees to 360 degrees of preretinal neovascularization received cryotherapy to ablate the zone of peripheral avascular retina. All underwent complete regression of active disease. Eight of these eyes subsequently developed retinal detachments due to ongoing vitreous traction. One detachment was inoperable. Six eyes were successfully reattached following scleral buckling surgery. One of these six redetached and became inoperable after 20 months. Pars plicata vitrectomy was not successful in reattaching the eighth case. Twenty-eight of these 31 eyes retain useful visual acuity with follow-up of 15 to 70 months (mean 41 months). There have been no complications resulting from cryotherapy. Eight other eyes with stage 4 ROP (traction retinal detachment) were treated with cryotherapy and scleral buckling surgery. All were initially reattached, but ongoing vitreoretinal traction caused redetachment in five. One was inoperable. "Open sky" vitrectomy was successful in reattaching three of the other four. Of the six cases that remained reattached with follow-up of 6 to 51 months, only two retain useful vision. PMID- 3222040 TI - Grid laser photocoagulation for atypical central serous chorioretinopathy. AB - A 30-year-old man had symptoms and signs consistent with bilateral classic central serous chorioretinopathy. Conventional single-session laser treatments to both eyes stabilized the condition for 9 years. The patient then developed atypical central serous chorioretinopathy consisting of tracts of fluid emanating from the posterior pole and bilateral inferior exudative retinal detachments. Diffuse retinal pigment epithelial disease with recurrent leakage in both maculas was treated with grid laser photocoagulation, which was effective in stabilizing the patient's condition. PMID- 3222041 TI - Infantile exotropia in healthy children. AB - Constant exotropia is uncommon during the first year of life. We retrospectively identified 13 patients with large, constant exotropia during the first year of life which required surgery. Bilateral lateral rectus muscle recessions were done in all 13 cases. Only two patients have required reoperation. The clinical characteristics and management of this unusual condition are similar to those of infantile esotropia. PMID- 3222042 TI - Complications of implanting three-piece C-loop posterior chamber lenses in the anterior chamber. AB - We have examined a total of four eyes in three patients who had undergone implantation of three-piece C-loop posterior chamber intraocular lenses into the anterior chamber. All four eyes exhibited four or more of the following complications: 1) loop encapsulation by peripheral anterior synechiae; 2) recurrent iritis; 3) central loop displacement with corneal endothelial touch; 4) progressive endothelial cell loss and corneal edema; 5) glaucoma; and 6) cystoid macular edema. Intraocular lens removal was required in all four eyes, and penetrating keratoplasty was performed in one. We believe that these complications are attributable to the inherent fallacies of fixating three-piece open-loop lenses in the anterior chamber angle. PMID- 3222044 TI - Bilateral lacrimal duct cyst. AB - Reports of lacrimal gland cysts have been rare, and mostly of small, unilateral cysts of the palpebral lobes. An unusual case of bilateral, large acquired cysts of the orbital lobe of the lacrimal glands is presented. Pathologic examination showed chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the lacrimal gland structures. We suggest that prolapse of the lacrimal glands with obstruction of the lacrimal ducts, combined with chronic dacryoadenitis, led to cyst formation. PMID- 3222043 TI - Rotational tarsal conjunctival flap in the treatment of scleral necrosis. AB - Scleral necrosis and perforation are difficult to manage. We describe a technique whereby a vascular strip of tarsal tissue with overlying conjunctiva can be rotated and sutured to a necrotic area of sclera that has been debrided, leading to rapid healing. The technique is performed easily, and can aid in the healing of areas of necrotic sclera that threaten perforation by providing a vascular pedicle. PMID- 3222045 TI - Role of Nd:YAG peripheral iridectomy in the management of ocular hypertension with a narrow angle. AB - One half of 20 patients (40 eyes) with ocular hypertension and occludable angles, some with peripheral anterior synechiae, were randomly assigned for treatment by Nd:YAG laser iridotomy. Pre-randomization patients required pilocarpine to maintain normal intraocular tension. Following laser treatment, all eyes were followed a minimum of 12 months (mean of 24). In the nonlaser-treated group, pilocarpine alone controlled intraocular pressure. In the laser treated group, eyes without peripheral anterior synechiae required fewer medications to maintain normal pressures while eyes with peripheral anterior synechiae required more. Although relief of pupillary block by laser iridotomy can facilitate management of this group of patients, preexisting peripheral anterior synechiae may be associated with greater therapeutic requirements following laser treatment. PMID- 3222046 TI - An improved approach to aqueous paracentesis. AB - We describe a quick and effective technique for performing safe anterior chamber paracenteses. The technique consists simply of inserting a small gauge disposable hypodermic needle without an attached syringe into the anterior chamber. The intraocular pressure and capillary action of the needle readily cause the rapid drainage of aqueous humor. This technique eliminates the cumbersome manipulations and potential complications associated with using an attached syringe for aspiration. PMID- 3222047 TI - A technique for accurate application of pilocarpine gel. AB - Pilocarpine hydrochloride 4% gel can be accurately administered by squeezing a one-half inch ribbon of gel onto the tube tip and then touching the premeasured dose to the conjunctiva. PMID- 3222048 TI - Gelfoam dacryocystorhinostomy stent: one cause of surgical failure? PMID- 3222049 TI - Lid retraction following blow-out fracture of the orbit. PMID- 3222050 TI - The moral myths of opium, AIDS, and MAACs. PMID- 3222051 TI - Strontium-90 ophthalmic applicators: use with caution. PMID- 3222052 TI - Retrobulbar vs peribulbar. PMID- 3222053 TI - [Forensic medicine and questions of medical treatment]. PMID- 3222054 TI - [Dementia screening by a short cognitive test]. PMID- 3222055 TI - [Chronic diarrhea caused by bile acid malabsorption]. PMID- 3222056 TI - Absence of long term pulmonary sequelae after mild meconium aspiration syndrome. AB - To assess residual damage from meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), we studied 12 children, ages 6 to 9 years, an average of 7.4 years after injury. Our sample consisted of mildly affected patients, only one having required intubation and mechanical ventilation in the acute phase of illness. In each child we measured FVC, FEV1, PEFR, MMEFR, VisoV, lung volumes by plethysmography, DLCO and calculated FEV1/FVC and RV/TLC. Methacholine bronchial challenge was performed and the PD20 was calculated. These results were compared with those obtained from a group of 12 normal children studied in our laboratory. No significant difference was found for pulmonary function parameters studied, except for VisoV which was greater in MAS patients than normals (P less than 0.02). Given the inherent high degree of variability with VisoV, we were not able to ascribe this isolated finding to be indicative of small airway disease in these asymptomatic patients. We conclude that patients with mild to moderate initial insult from MAS show an absence of pulmonary sequelae when tested at an average of 7.4 years of age. PMID- 3222057 TI - Effect of chloral hydrate on arterial oxygen saturation in wheezy infants. AB - Chloral hydrate is commonly used to sedate infants for pulmonary function tests and other investigations. However, sedation is generally not recommended for infants with acute wheezing illnesses. The commonly used dose range exceeds the maximum recommended dose; however, the effects of this dosage regimen during pulmonary function testing have not been studied. The present study shows that 70 100 mg/kg of chloral hydrate, a dose commonly used to sedate infants for pulmonary function testing, causes a fall in arterial oxygen saturation and a decrease in clinical score of infants recovering from acute viral bronchiolitis, but not in infants with clinically stable cystic fibrosis. These findings suggest that wheezy infants with baseline SaO2 less than or equal to 94% are more susceptible to central respiratory depression following sedation with chloral hydrate. The results of the present study raise serious doubts about the advisability of sedation with chloral hydrate, in the currently used doses, in wheezy infants. PMID- 3222058 TI - Pneumatosis in the descending colon: preliminary observations on the value of prone positioning. AB - Prone positioning is valuable for accurate diagnosis of intramural air in the descending colon. In the supine position, partial collapse of the descending colon can minic intramural air. Conversely, complete collapse of the descending colon eliminates the interface between intraluminal and intramural air so that the recognition of intramural air is obscured. The tendency for the descending colon to distend with gas in the prone position may reduce these false positives and negatives for intramural air. PMID- 3222059 TI - Familial megacalyces with autosomal recessive inheritance. Report of 3 affected siblings. AB - Three children with bilateral congenital megacalyces from a consanguinous marriage are reported. No renal abnormality was detected in the parents. Our observation supports the genetic nature of the disease. The ultrasonographic features of congenital megacalyces are described. PMID- 3222060 TI - Primary vesicoureteral reflux in blacks with posterior urethral valves: does it occur? AB - Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is thought to be largely independent of obstruction. Therefore, in patients with urethral obstruction due to posterior urethral valves (PUV) the occurrence of VUR is coincidental. In addition, primary VUR is reported to be uncommon in black children. If these two premises are correct, then primary VUR should be rare in black males with PUV. To test this hypothesis, we reviewed the medical records and radiographs of 43 males with PUV. Twenty-one of the 37 non-black males with PUV had VUR, of which 67% was primary and 33% was secondary. Three of the six blacks with PUV had VUR of which all was secondary. Thus, blacks with PUV lend credence to the theory that primary VUR is not caused by obstruction and support the observation that primary VUR is rare in black children, even those with PUV. PMID- 3222061 TI - Chondrodystrophic dwarfism and multiple malformations in two sisters. AB - A genetic skeletal dysplasia with dwarfism, scoliosis and multiple skeletal defects was observed in two sisters. Only nine cases with similar features have been reported in the literature. PMID- 3222063 TI - Unrecognized lung hydatid cyst. PMID- 3222062 TI - Hirschsprung's disease, Ondine's curse, and neuroblastoma--manifestations of neurocristopathy. AB - The term neurocristopathy has been applied to the association of Hirschsprung's disease, Ondine's curse (Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome) and congenital neuroblastoma. Eight newborns with Hirschsprung's disease and Ondine's curse are discussed. Five of these have been seen by the authors. The remaining three patients are reported in the literature. In six of the infants (5 of ours, 1 from the literature) total colonic aganglionosis was found. Congenital neuroblastoma was present in two of the infants. In infants presenting with Hirschsprung's disease (especially of the long segment type) and breathing difficulties, the presence of a neurocristopathy should be considered. PMID- 3222064 TI - Achondrogenesis type II. PMID- 3222065 TI - Basal ganglion calcification in hyperphenylalaninemia due to deficiency of dihydropteridine reductase. AB - The disease course and therapy of a nine-and-a-half-year-old boy with hyperphenylalaninemia due to a dihydropteridine reductase deficiency are reported. Clinically, there is a marked mental retardation and complex basal ganglion symptoms. The cranial computed tomographic investigation shows bilateral, symmetrical, comma-shaped calcifications in the globus pallidus and the putamen of the lentiform nucleus. The cause of these basal ganglion calcifications remains unclear. Lowering of serum and CSF folic acid levels could not be detected, in contrast to cases with the same enzyme defect described previously. PMID- 3222066 TI - Mediastinal lipomatosis: a complication of high dose steroid therapy in children. AB - Mediastinal lipomatosis has been described in adults and is a well recognized cause of mediastinal enlargement. Fatty accumulation in the mediastinum has been observed following extended usage of large doses of steroids, generally greater than 60 mg daily. Little documentation of this entity exists in pediatric patients. A 9-year-old male who received large doses of steroids for graft-versus host disease following bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia developed mediastinal lipomatosis. Early qualification of this diagnosis is especially important in this group of patients, who are also at risk for a second neoplasm. PMID- 3222067 TI - Acute pulmonary edema after near strangulation. AB - We report a case of acute, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in an 11-year-old boy who suffered strangulation during an altercation. The clinical presentation was characterized by moderate respiratory distress and hemoptysis. Both the radiographic and clinical findings resolved during the three day admission which followed. A review of the literature is presented, and possible pathogenesis is discussed. PMID- 3222068 TI - Brain tumors in infants less than a year of age. AB - A retrospective examination of brain tumors in infants less than a year of age was undertaken by reviewing their charts and CT scans. In contradistinction to brain tumors found in older children, most tumors were supratentorial in location. The most common histologic types included: astrocytoma, ganglioglioma and primative neuroectodermal tumors. Apart from their larger size at the time of presentation, these tumors were radiologically and pathologically similar to analogous tumors found in adults. PMID- 3222069 TI - Bile-plug syndrome. AB - A case of bile plug syndrome in a 6-week-old male infant is described. The clinical, radiological and pathological appearances suggested the preoperative diagnosis. Confirmation and correction of this condition was made surgically. PMID- 3222071 TI - How useful is gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy in suspected childhood aspiration? PMID- 3222070 TI - Ureteral valves: report of a case diagnosed by antegrade pyelography. AB - Ureteral valves are an uncommon cause of upper urinary tract obstruction. The majority of cases are discovered only at surgery or autopsy. We report a case diagnosed by antegrade pyelography under sonographic guidance and we review the literature. PMID- 3222072 TI - Computed tomography (CT) in children with herpes simplex encephalitis. AB - Computed Tomography (CT) scans were obtained from nine infants with herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE). The early CT findings were generalized or localized edematous change and a mass effect was also seen in two cases. In the follow-up study two patients showed bilateral gyriform calcification, a rare occurrence in association with intracranial infection. The appearance of multicystic encephalomalacia was evident in one patient 3 months after the onset of disease. It is shown that the CT findings of neonates and young children with HSE are different from those of adults. PMID- 3222073 TI - [Characteristics of tooth eruption in children with various degrees of exogamy]. PMID- 3222075 TI - [Rheologic and coagulation indices of the blood in bronchial asthma in children]. PMID- 3222074 TI - [Lysosomal secretion of peripheral blood leukocytes in children with meningitis of mumps etiology]. PMID- 3222076 TI - [Lipid spectrum of the blood serum and feces in children with gastroduodenal pathology]. PMID- 3222077 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a therapeutic complex incorporating linetol and ascorbic and nicotinic acids for the correction of lipid metabolic disorders in children with glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3222078 TI - [Free-radical oxidation and bioenergetics in pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 3222079 TI - [Chronic sinus tachycardia in children]. PMID- 3222080 TI - [Evaluation of the electrocardiographic criteria of left atrial overload in rheumatism in children]. PMID- 3222081 TI - [The importance of echocardiography in the outpatient observation of patients with an interventricular septal defect before and after surgical treatment]. PMID- 3222083 TI - [Diagnosis of immunologic deficiency in children with lung diseases]. PMID- 3222082 TI - [The late catamnesis of children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3222084 TI - [Immunologic deficiency in chronic generalized candidiasis in children]. PMID- 3222086 TI - [Sociomedical problems of maternal and infant welfare in regions with various levels of infant mortality]. PMID- 3222085 TI - [The significance of membrane pathology in burns in children]. PMID- 3222087 TI - [Transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of lung diseases in children]. PMID- 3222088 TI - [Diagnostic fiber optic bronchoscopy in children]. PMID- 3222089 TI - [Aspirin-induced asthma in children]. PMID- 3222090 TI - [Clinical polymorphism of mucoviscidosis in children]. PMID- 3222091 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties and errors in congenital diaphragmatic hernia in children]. PMID- 3222092 TI - [Ways to improve the work of a neonatal hospital at the current stage]. PMID- 3222094 TI - [The current classification of rickets (apropos of the article by E. M. Luk'ianova, Iu. G. Antipkin and L. I. Omel'chenko, "The clinico-pathogenetic classification of rickets")]. PMID- 3222093 TI - [Use of an allergologic screening examination to study the incidence and early detection of pollinosis and latent dust allergy in children]. PMID- 3222095 TI - [The current classification of rickets in children]. PMID- 3222096 TI - [The classification of rickets]. PMID- 3222097 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in chronic active hepatitis of viral etiology]. PMID- 3222098 TI - [A rare case of familial pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 3222099 TI - [Anomalous drainage of the pulmonary vein in the Shereshevskii-Turner syndrome]. PMID- 3222100 TI - [A case of fascioliasis of the biliary tract in an 11-year-old child]. PMID- 3222101 TI - [Clinical characteristics of tularemia in children]. PMID- 3222102 TI - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in intestinal infections in infants]. PMID- 3222103 TI - [Formation of adaptive reactions in children for the adjustment to preschool institutions and to school]. PMID- 3222104 TI - [Effect of bad habits of parents on the health status of younger schoolchildren]. PMID- 3222105 TI - [Characteristics of physical activities of secondary school students of Moscow and Kaunas]. PMID- 3222106 TI - [Effect of participation in physical activities on pulmonary rheograms of younger schoolchildren]. PMID- 3222107 TI - [Cytochemical criteria of the prognosis of the postoperative course of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistulas in newborn infants]. PMID- 3222108 TI - [Indicators of vitamin A, E and lipid metabolism in young children with iron deficiency anemia]. PMID- 3222109 TI - [Functional disorders of lymphocytes in children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3222110 TI - [Local immunity of the oral cavity in dental caries in children with chronic diseases of the digestive organs]. PMID- 3222111 TI - [Acupuncture in the ambulatory treatment of encopresis in children]. PMID- 3222112 TI - [The hemostasis system in the acute stage of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children]. PMID- 3222114 TI - [Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of lipid peroxidation products and free fatty acids in children with convulsions]. PMID- 3222113 TI - [Differential cytological diagnosis of neuroblastoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3222115 TI - [Clinico-electroencephalographic characteristics of epilepsy in children]. PMID- 3222116 TI - [Pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy with a malignant course in young girls]. PMID- 3222117 TI - [Cytochrome P-450 level in the liver as an indication of the severity of certain diseases]. PMID- 3222118 TI - [A method of cardiointervalography in pediatric toxicology]. PMID- 3222119 TI - [Post-infection intestinal malabsorption syndrome in infants]. PMID- 3222120 TI - [Detection of hereditary systemic bone diseases in the first year of life]. PMID- 3222121 TI - [The role of scientific collective bodies in introducing scientific achievements to medical practice]. PMID- 3222123 TI - [Exercise therapy in children with chronic and acute glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3222122 TI - [Possibilities of embolization of abdominal blood vessels in children]. PMID- 3222124 TI - [Features of teaching ethics at the undergraduate level in a pediatric department]. PMID- 3222125 TI - [Abdominal pain syndrome and its significance in pediatric practice]. PMID- 3222126 TI - [Cooperation between the pediatric department of the Sechenov First Moscow Medical Institute and the therapeutic and preventive institutions in Moscow]. PMID- 3222127 TI - [Bronchitis in children: recurrent or chronic?]. PMID- 3222128 TI - [Multi-systemic mitochondrial cytopathy in children]. PMID- 3222130 TI - [Iatrogenic bilateral pneumothorax after tracheostomy in childhood]. PMID- 3222129 TI - [Chronic renal failure associated with bronchial asthma in a child with Laurence Moon-Biedl syndrome]. PMID- 3222131 TI - [The first all-Russian congress of pediatricians]. PMID- 3222132 TI - [Cardiac failure caused by arteriovenous malformation in the area of Galen's vein. Treatment by endovascular embolization]. AB - The authors report a case, in a 7-month-old girl, of cerebral arteriovenous malformation with a vein of Galen ectasia, complicated by a congestive heart failure and hydrocephalus. The clinical diagnosis was carried out by fontanelle auscultation and confirmed by: cerebral echography. Doppler exploration, computerized tomography and cerebral angiography. A cerebral embolization permitted reduction of cardiac insufficiency and stabilisation of the hydrocephalus. PMID- 3222134 TI - [Embolization of splenic and left gastric artery for hypersplenism and portal hypertension]. PMID- 3222133 TI - [Evaluation of the transfer of Algerian children with cancer to the Leon-Berard center (1984-1987)]. AB - From 1984 to 1987, 80 pediatric oncology patients were transferred from Algeria to the centre Leon-Berard (Lyon, France). Diagnoses were mainly lymphomas neuroblastomas and bone tumours (75% of the total number of cases). Survival (39% at 46 months), number of hospitalization days (12,655) and cost (29,324,254 FF) were calculated. These costs were compared with the mean annual public health allocation per capita in Algeria and with the French limitations on accepting transfer of spending money for children from abroad. New directions are suggested to improve the efficiency of these transfers to optimize the use of limited resources in both countries and to increase survival of individual patients. PMID- 3222135 TI - [Ovarian chocolate cysts--staging with relaxation time in MR imaging]. PMID- 3222136 TI - [Gallium-67 citrate accumulation in cardiac involvement of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 3222138 TI - [Effect of immunomodifier on radiation-induced antitumor immunity following local irradiation to tumor--2. Mouse interferon-alpha/beta]. PMID- 3222139 TI - [Radiosensitizing effect of the nitroimidazole derivatives RK28 and DNIE on murine tumors]. PMID- 3222137 TI - [Effect of Cepharanthin and Nicardipine on thermotolerance]. PMID- 3222140 TI - [Effect of OK-432 on spontaneous lung metastases from murine fibrosarcoma in the preirradiated tissue]. PMID- 3222142 TI - IVth International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Paris, September 4 7, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3222141 TI - [Effect of combined treatment of HeLa S3 cells with radiation and etoposide on cell survival]. PMID- 3222143 TI - The CLL2 study: preliminary results of flow cytometry immunophenotyping in the first 500 patients. AB - In the period 1984-1987, 500 consecutive, newly diagnosed patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) have been registered in the still open Danish CLL2 study. As part of patient work-up, the immunological phenotype was established in all patients by immunofluorescence microscopy, and in 458 patients also by flow cytometry, with a panel of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The majority of cases exhibited a CD5-pos, SmIgMD-pos phenotype with faint SmIg-fluorescence, and there is as yet no significant difference in survival between SmIgD-pos and SmIgD neg cases. Seventy cases were FMC7-pos, a marker associated with a higher B-cell differentiation, and this was significantly correlated with stronger SmIg fluorescence intensity and splenomegaly (Rai stage II). The survival of the FMC7 pos patients was not significantly different from that of the FMC7-neg. Thus, in this preliminary phenotype analysis of the first 500 patients in the CLL2 study, no important prognostic subgroups were detected, although this might be due to the still short observation time (median observation time 532 days). PMID- 3222145 TI - Natural history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: on the progression and progression and prognosis of early clinical stages. AB - In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) clinical staging systems provide useful tools for establishing the prognosis and to plan therapy. Clinical staging systems, however, do not give information regarding disease progression. In this study the progression and survival of CLL in early clinical stages is analyzed. Among 261 patients with CLL, 134 (51%) were in stage A (M 60/F 74; mean age 64.2 years; DS = 11), and 87 (33%) in stage 0. Progression was analyzed as far as patients remained untreated (median: 11 months; range: 3-114). Thirty-three (24.6%) out of 134 patients in stage A progressed to more advanced stages (17 to B, 16 to C) with an actuarial cumulative risk for progression of 31% at 3 years. Variables at diagnosis predictive of a more likely progression were: number of lymph nodes involved (p less than 0.001), rapid lymphocyte doubling time (p = 0.0025), and markedly increased lymphocyte count (p = 0.02). Twenty-eight (32%) out of 87 patients in stage 0 progressed (8 to I, 12 to II, 7 to III), the actuarial cumulative risk being of 28% at 3 years. The only variable predictive of progression was a lower normal Hb level (p = 0.015). Although the survival probability of patients in stage A (0) was not statistically different from those in stage A (I, II), their median survivals were of 125.7 and 91 months, respectively. Concerning survival, the following poor prognostic variables were identified: stage A: advanced age (p = 0.01), and rapid lymphocyte doubling time (p = 0.0045). Stage 0: higher lymphocyte count (p = 0.005), and lower normal Hb level (p = 0.015).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3222144 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: epidemiology and etiologic findings. AB - Important features of the descriptive epidemiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are briefly reviewed including geographic and ethnic patterns, racial differences, age, sex, and other sociodemographic characteristics. Two case-control studies of CLL recently carried out by the authors in Baltimore, USA and Yorkshire, England are described. Selected findings from the two studies are presented and compared including familial occurrence of leukemia, lymphoma and other cancers; post medical history of subacute and chronic bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases, allergic disorders, and surgical excision of lymphoid tissue; and prior medication use. The results are consistent with genetic predisposition although it is probable that environmental determinants are important in the etiology, given the substantial sporadic occurrence of CLL within families. Several of the findings also provide support for an association of CLL with preceding immune perturbation. PMID- 3222146 TI - Comparison of the (A, B, C) staging and the Rai's staging from a large prospective series (935 patients). French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. AB - In 1979, the French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia proposed a 3-stage prognostic classification, called the (A, B, C) system. This staging system was used in the design of a protocol which included 973 patients from May 1980 to May 1985. The third interim analysis of this protocol, which was performed on the reference date of June 1, 1987, enabled us to compare this (A, B, C) system with the Rai's staging system, using the largest prospective series ever used. This analysis confirmed that stage A patients (n = 612) have a similar survival pattern to stage 0 patients from Rai's (n = 291) (5-year survival rate: 78% versus 82%), that the (A, B, C) staging system adds prognostic information within the Rai's stages. The (A, B, C) system appears to be an optimal tool for designing clinical trials in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. PMID- 3222147 TI - B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Disease progression in 150 untreated stage A and B patients as predicted by bone marrow pattern. AB - Previous studies have shown that the pattern of bone marrow (bm) involvement in B CLL patients is the single most important prognostic factor. In the present study we analyse the disease progression observed in 45 out of 150 untreated stages A and B, B-CLL patients in relation to their pattern of bm involvement. The mean treatment free period was 45 months (10-130). The distribution of bm patterns and disease progression in our series was as follows: in stage A, Bm patterns diffuse in 24 cases (21.8%); in stage B: in 21 cases (52.5%). Disease progression from stage A to stage B or C and from stage B to stage C was found 50% of the A and B diffuse patients as compared to 10% of the A and B-nondiffuse. The mean period during which this progression occurred was 18 months for the stages A and B with a diffuse pattern and 59 months for the stages A and B with a nondiffuse pattern. No differences could be observed in the nondiffuse group when our patients were analysed on the basis of nodular, interstitial and mixed pattern of bm involvement. All progressed patients required therapy. These findings support our previous observations, and present further evidence that in B-CLL patients with a diffuse pattern of bm disease at diagnosis, treatment should be initiated independently of their clinical stage. PMID- 3222148 TI - Is bone marrow biopsy a prognostic parameter in B-CLL? AB - Four hundred and ninety-three bone marrow biopsies from CLL patients were analysed on the basis of non diffuse versus diffuse bone marrow lymphocytic infiltration patterns. In each clinical stage A, B, and C there were non significant differences in survival rates according to the bone marrow pattern. However in stage A studying the evolution to stage B or C, a significant difference between patients with non diffuse and diffuse pattern was observed. PMID- 3222149 TI - Cytogenetic studies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia: a progress report. AB - We studied the B lymphocyte metaphases in 78 of 94 cases of CLL, 24 of our 28 hairy cell leukaemias, 4 CLL's which transformed into prolymphocytic leukaemia and 8 original prolymphocytic leukaemias. Twelve CLL's were carriers of trisomy 12, 13 of this trisomy 12 with other abnormalities and 15 had other abnormalities without trisomy 12. Trisomy 12 seemed to be more frequent in patients with CLL or prolymphocytic leukaemia with a monoclonal gammopathy. In contrast to our previous results, the isolated finding of a trisomy 12 had an influence on the median survival. PMID- 3222150 TI - Chromosomal abnormalities in B-CLL. AB - Amongst 141 patients with B-CLL, 53% had an abnormal karyotype. Treatment free survival was shorter in those with karyotypic abnormalities, and especially in those with multiple abnormalities. Multiple abnormalities tended to be associated with progressive disease. Trisomy 12 alone carried no worse a prognosis than a normal karyotype. 49% of patients with stage AO disease had an abnormal karyotype. PMID- 3222151 TI - Incidence and prognostic significance of autoantibodies against erythrocytes and platelets in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). AB - Antiglobulin Test (AT), and Dixon Tests (DT) have been studied in 100 patients with CLL. Thirty-five patients were Rai stage 0 and I, 19 patients stage 2, 13 patients stage 3 and 33 patients stage 4. Twelve patients showed a Red Blood Cells Autoantibodies (RBCAb) positivity; a positivity (direct, indirect, or both) of DT was present in 74% of patients. The presence of autoantibodies against erythrocytes and platelets did not influence survival curves, but anemia and thrombocytopenia are risk factors for survival, independently of the presence of an autoimmune disorder. Nine patients RBCAb positive and DT positive showed the worst survival curve, five out of these were anemic and one thrombocytopenic and anemic. PMID- 3222152 TI - The prognosis and therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia under age 50 years. AB - Twelve percent of patients with CLL studied by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) were under age 50 years. Except for clinical stage (more unfavorable presentations), and sex distribution (all but one being male), presenting clinical and laboratory features were identical to the whole population. The response rates and response duration were similar as well. Despite the more advanced stage these patients appear to have a survival advantage over their older counterparts. PMID- 3222153 TI - Analysis of treatment response in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: new approaches. AB - As therapeutic protocols to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia evolve, new criteria will be required to define remission and identify early relapse. Two techniques that detect low numbers of residual monoclonal B-lymphocytes currently include immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement and clonal excess analysis. Ig gene rearrangement studies are time consuming and expensive. Clonal excess analysis by FC may be insensitive because of minimal surface immunoglobulin (SIg) expression. Three antigens, CD5, CD11c and CD14 are expressed on B-lymphocytes of CLL. CD14 is also expressed on most normal B-lymphocytes. In contrast, CD5 and CD11c are expressed on few normal B-lymphocytes. Consequently CD5 and CD11c are useful markers for detecting residual CLL cells. Appropriate selection of the second B-cell marker such as SIg, CD19, CD20 or other, is critical. We evaluated this approach in persons with CLL receiving therapy. Preliminary results will be presented. PMID- 3222154 TI - The UK Medical Research Council CLL trials 1 and 2. AB - The Medical Research Council (MRC) Working Party on Leukaemia in Adults has conducted two randomised trials in CLL since 1978. CLL 1 ran from 1978 to 1984 and recruited 660 eligible patients. The number of males was twice the number of females and the distribution of cases by stage was different in the sexes: 58% of females were stage A, 25% stage B and 17% stage C; in males the proportions for stages A, B and C were 40%, 30% and 30% respectively. The most important prognostic factor was stage (A, B, C), followed by age, sex and response to treatment, which were confirmed as independent variables by stratified log-rank and Cox multivariate analyses. Causes unrelated to CLL accounted for 28% of all deaths and were more common in older patients and in stage A disease. No significant difference was observed between the CLL 1 treatment schedules: chlorambucil, penta Cop and splenic irradiation (SI), although a somewhat better survival was seen for patients treated by SI. (When CLL deaths only were considered SI appeared superior to chlorambucil (p less than 0.05]. CLL 2 started in 1984 and is still accruing patients; 556 had been entered by July 1988. This trial compares early versus delayed therapy for stage A, chlorambucil with and without prednisolone for stages B and C in patients with a small or nonpalpable spleen, and SI vs chlorambucil with or without prednisolone for stages B and C in patients with a larger spleen (greater than or equal to 5 cm).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3222155 TI - [Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical aspects of pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 3222156 TI - [Pulmonary embolism as a complication of circulatory diseases: differential diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties]. PMID- 3222157 TI - [Thrombophlebitis as the source of embolism]. PMID- 3222158 TI - [Pulmonary embolism as the cause of pulmonary heart disease]. PMID- 3222159 TI - [Roentgenological picture of pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 3222160 TI - [Usefulness of pulmonary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 3222162 TI - [Antithrombotic and fibrinolytic treatment of thromboembolism]. PMID- 3222161 TI - [Further clinical studies of pulmonary thromboembolism bases on data of the Cracow Pulmonological Clinic]. PMID- 3222163 TI - [Respiratory physio-kinesitherapy in cystic fibrosis: the parents' viewpoint]. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the problems found in performing chest physiotherapy (PKT) by patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and by their families. The research has been based upon processing 389 questionnaires (46 items) that were compiled by the families. Thirteen CF centers all over the nation have participated in this study. Patients' mean age was 7.4 years (range 2 months to 14 years). Data about the socio-economic status and illness severity were available for every patient. Many graphs (line connects points with a line = n. 8; bar charts = n. 17; pie charts = n. 13) show the results and their statistical processing. Our purpose was to solve the following problems: 1) What is the extent of the compliance? 2) Who perform, or should perform, PKT in the family environment? 3) What is the kind and extent of the help request? 4) What are the mistakes made in executing PKT? 5) What is the usefulness of precursors and aerosol therapy? 6) What is the link between physical activity and PKT? 7) What are the main difficulties in performing PKT? 8) How effective is PKT? 9) What is the extent of the parents' faith in their capabilities? 10) Are there any prejudices against PKT? Three major findings emerge from this study: 1) the compliance appeared good; 2) the average family understood the meaning of PKT correctly and 3) PKT is usually executed properly. As for negative results are concerned, it is to be noted that the burden of performing PKT is usually up to the mother. This finding is linked both to the socio-economics status of the family and to the severity of the illness. On the other hand, a home PKT service is only asked in very extreme situations such as sudden worsening of the patient's illness. The difficulties met in performing PKT range from the patient's refusal to logistical and organization problems, which are correlated with the socio-economic status of the family. The relationship between PKT and sport is understood well and there is a high percentage of patients doing regular physical activity, even if it is often hindered by the severity of the disease. In conclusion, although there are many problems, there are also many methods to use in order to improve the acceptance and the effectiveness of the PKT. PMID- 3222165 TI - Imipenem monotherapy versus combination therapy in the management of mixed bacterial infection: a critical appraisal. AB - There has been a great deal of interest in the use of imipenem monotherapy rather than combinations of antimicrobials for mixed bacterial infections. A review of the published comparative studies of imipenem versus combinations in serious mixed bacterial infections indicated that, overall, imipenem is at least as effective as, and maybe less expensive than, the combinations tested. Several studies suggest that clinical response to imipenem is more rapid than to the comparison regimens; however, other factors may have influenced these values, and the numbers of patients in these reports were small. Imipenem is devoid of the adverse effects associated with aminoglycosides. Other adverse effects, including superinfection and central nervous system toxicity, were similar for imipenem and the comparison regimens. Meta-analysis of the published reports and abstracts revealed that imipenem is as effective as combination regimens for the treatment of serious mixed bacterial infection. PMID- 3222164 TI - Randomized trial of imipenem-cilastatin versus gentamicin plus clindamycin in the treatment of polymicrobial infections. AB - The comparative efficacy of imipenem-cilastatin versus clindamycin and gentamicin in the treatment of polymicrobial infections was evaluated. Eleven patients completed treatment with the former and nine with the latter. Conditions treated included infected extremity ulcers, peritonitis, perirectal abscess, soft-tissue abscess, abdominal abscess, and acute diverticulitis. Similar rates of bacteriologic and clinical cure or improvement were achieved with the two treatments. Superinfection occurred in two patients who received imipenem cilastatin and one who received clindamycin and gentamicin. No significant difference in adverse effects was noted. Imipenem-cilastatin appears to be an effective antibiotic in treating polymicrobial infections; however, a much larger patient population would be required to detect a significant difference in the efficacy rates or frequency of adverse effects when comparing the two regimens. PMID- 3222166 TI - Drug use in the elderly. A position statement of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. PMID- 3222167 TI - Quantification of visible light-induced melanogenesis in human skin. AB - Exposure of normal skin to visible light (400-700 nm) resulted in the induction of immediate pigment darkening (IPD), immediate erythema and a persistent (delayed) tanning reaction. The intensity of pigmentation and time course of the reaction were monitored by measuring chromaticity coordinates. Both IPD and immediate erythema faded over a 24-h period but, unlike erythema, the pigmentation did not totally disappear and the residual tanning response remained unchanged for the rest of the 10-day observation period. The threshold dose for IPD with visible light was between 40 and 80 J/cm2, while the threshold dose for "persistent" pigmentation was greater than or equal to 80 J/cm2. PMID- 3222168 TI - Photoallergy to systemic quinidine in the mouse: dose-response studies. AB - Photoallergic dermatitis was induced in the mouse following the systemic administration of quinidine in combination with UVB and UVA. The reaction was recorded as ear wet weight, ear thickness and tail wet weight. Statistical calculations showed ear wet weight to be the most sensitive evaluation technique. By varying the quinidine dose administered in induction (2.5-100 mg/kg) and challenge (10-100 mg/kg), dose-response conditions were established. It was shown that the induction dose necessary to obtain a statistically significant reaction was considerably lower than the minimal challenge dose (25 mg/kg). This method is well suited for studies of the dynamics of the induction and elicitation phases of systemically induced photoallergy. PMID- 3222169 TI - Photosensitive lichenoid reaction accompanied by nonphotosensitive subacute prurigo caused by carbamazepine. AB - A 58-year-old man developed a lichenoid reaction on light-exposed areas and subacute prurigo separate from the sun-exposed areas after receiving 200 mg of carbamazepine daily for one year. The difference action spectrum for erythema with or without ingesting the drug ranged from 250 to 390 nm with peaks at 260 and 290 nm. A positive photoingestion test was obtained after administering 2 mg of carbamazepine orally in one dose. Patch test with carbamazepine was negative, while photopatch test with carbamazepine was positive. Positive intracutaneous test was obtained with an irradiated mixture of human serum albumin and carbamazepine at 24 h and 48 h after injection. This patient appeared to be a case of photosensitive lichenoid reaction accompanied by nonphotosensitive subacute prurigo caused by carbamazepine. PMID- 3222170 TI - Effect of ultraviolet radiation and PUVA on mediator release from purified mast cells. AB - Exposure of highly purified rat serosal mast cells to UVA (34-340 kJ/m2), in the presence or absence of 8-methoxypsoralen (100 ng/ml), or to UVB (160-640 J/m2), resulted in dose-dependent releases of mast cell preformed mediators, as measured by the release of radioactivity from 3H-serotonin-labeled cells. The net release ranged from 2.3% to 14.2%. The above treatments had no effect on mediator release induced by subsequent incubation with calcium ionophore A23187 (0.4 and 4.0 mumol/l) or with compound 48/80 (1.0 microgram/ml), with the exception that exposure to UVB did suppress the release induced by the latter. These results indicate that under clinically relevant conditions, the direct effect of in vitro ultraviolet radiation on mast cells did not alter the ability of these cells to respond to subsequent stimulation with secretagogues. PMID- 3222172 TI - A motorized chair for phototesting. PMID- 3222171 TI - Comparison of croton oil and benzoyl peroxide on DNA synthesis in ultraviolet irradiated skin. PMID- 3222173 TI - Mitochondrial myopathies with necrotizing encephalopathy of the Leigh type. AB - Two patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MEP) serve to emphasize the variability of this group of diseases. Cerebral insults, mitochondrial cardiopathy, relapsing ileus, cerebral angioma, ataxia, and myoclonic seizures characterized the first case of an adult man with similar diseases in his family, interpreted as transitional form between mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged red fibers (MERRF). The second patient, a floppy infant with cardiomyopathy and myoclonism, statomotoric and mental retardation showed combined defects in mitochondrial respiratory chain at NADH-CoQ reductase and cytochrome c oxidase and a deficiency of carnitine. In both patients neuropathologically criteria of Leigh's syndrome could be demonstrated in the cerebral cortex, in case 2 also clinically. The classificatory problems of the relationships between KSS, MELAS, MERRF, Leigh's as well as Alpers' syndromes are discussed. PMID- 3222174 TI - A new form of alpha-chain disease with generalized lymph node involvement. AB - An autopsy case of alpha-chain disease (ACD) clinically manifesting generalized lymph node swelling, slight splenomegaly and long-standing ichthyosiform skin eruptions, was reported. Autopsy revealed systemic superficial and profound lymph node swelling and slight splenomegaly, but little or no tumorous lesion in any part of the alimentary tract or pulmonary tissue. The histologic picture of the lymph nodes showed a diffuse monomorphic plasmocytic lymphoma, and there was tumor cell infiltration in the spleen and bone marrow. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the tumor cells contained IgA devoid of light chains, i.e. ACD protein. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that this abnormal immunoglobulin was localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space. Persistent chronic inflammation with infiltration mainly of helper-inducer T cells were found in the skin and dermatopathic lymphadenopathy was confirmed in the lymph node biopsies. From these peculiar clinicopathological features, this case is considered to be a previously unknown form of ACD. PMID- 3222175 TI - S-100 protein and neuron specific enolase immunoreactivity of normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic chondrocytes in relation to the composition of the extracellular matrix. AB - S-100 protein and neuron specific enolase (NSE) are no longer considered as specific cell markers indicating a neural origin. Since most of the cells displaying immunoreactivity for both markers also elaborate a stroma rich in chondroid or myxoid mucosubstances, we undertook the present study in order to clarify whether or not the positive immunoreaction is related to the composition of stromal glycosaminoglycans. The study was based on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded material comprising adult resting cartilage, reactive or hyperplastic cartilage, as well as benign and malignant chondroblastic tumors. Histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were applied on parallel sections with the following results: A positive immunoreactivity of the cartilage cells was always found to be related to the participation of chondroitine sulfate A and C in the stromal glycosaminoglycans. A NSE positive reaction was found in all cartilage cells displaying the characteristics of metabolically active cells. It is postulated that S-100 protein, as a calcium binding protein, might be involved in the cellular control mechanisms regulating the glycosaminoglycans-collagen interactions. PMID- 3222176 TI - Species differences in hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes. AB - The activity of some metabolizing enzymes was assessed in the liver microsomes of Acomys cahirinus, mice and rats. The enzymatic studies were followed by the determination of cerebral level of apomorphine (APO), imipramine (IMI) and its metabolite desipramine (DMI) of animals treated with a single dose of APO or IMI. It was found that the level of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of IMI demethylase and glucuronyltransferase in the liver microsomes of rats was significantly higher than those in the liver microsomes of Acomys and mice. The brain levels of APO, IMI and DMI were different in investigated species and IMI and DMI levels in the brain of Acomys, mice and rats corresponded to the activity of IMI demethylase in the liver microsomes of these species. PMID- 3222177 TI - Desipramine antagonizes clonidine-induced suppression of dominance in rats: possible involvement of amygdaloid nuclei. AB - Bilateral microinjections of clonidine into the medial or basal amygdaloid nuclei suppressed the dominance behavior in rats competing for food. Desipramine given in five repeated daily doses antagonized clonidine effect. On the other hand suppression of dominance induced by clonidine given bilaterally into the cortical amygdaloid nucleus was resistant to desipramine treatment. The result suggests that the former nuclei are important target areas for clonidine-desipramine interaction at social interaction behavioral level. PMID- 3222178 TI - The difference in the tail-flick but not hot-plate response latency between C57BL/6 and DBA/2J mice. AB - The tail-flick latency, measured using radiant heat as a noxious stimulus, was significantly shorter in C57BL/6 than in DBA/2J mice, while no significant interstrain differences were observed in the hot-plate test. The experiments in which the animals' tail was painted indicated that the difference in the tail flick latency between strains was caused by the difference in the color of animal's coat. PMID- 3222179 TI - (RS), (R)(-) and (S)(+) derivatives of 2-N-arylalkylamino-1-butanol having antiarrhythmic properties. AB - A series of theophyllinyl-7'-ethyl derivatives of (RS), (R)(-) and (S)(+) 2 aminobutanol were synthesized and tested in various models of experimental arrhythmia for their preventive and curative properties; (R)(-) 2-N-theophyllinyl 7'-ethyl amino-1-butanol (1a) and (R)(-) theophyllinyl-7'-ethyl-2-N-methylamino-1 butanol (3a) hydrochlorides showed interesting antiarrhythmic properties. The levorotatory compounds of R configuration showed stronger protective and also therapeutic effect in different experimental arrhythmias. PMID- 3222181 TI - Synthesis of 8-D-arginine vasopressin analogues, modified in position 1 as antagonists of the vasopressor response to the parent hormone. AB - The synthesis of three new arginine vasopressin (AVP) analogues with changes at position 1 and 8 is reported. They are: 1-(1-mercapto-4-methylcyclohexaneacetic acid)-8-D-arginine-vasopressin, 1-(4-tert-butyl-1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid) 8-D-arginine-vasopressin and 1-(1-mercapto-4-phenylcyclohexaneacetic acid)-8-D arginine-vasopressin. They all proved to be potent and selective antagonists of the vasopressor response to AVP. They lacked antagonism in the antidiuretic assay (AD), but retained small agonism in this system. The Arg8 substitution instead of Arg8 in case of the described AVP analogues did not lead to any significant change of antagonistic potency or selectivity. PMID- 3222180 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of some 2-(3-aminopropionyl)- and 2-(3 aminopropyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. AB - Five derivatives of 2-(3-aminopropionyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta carboline (2a-e) were obtained, which yielded, as a result of reduction with LiAlH4, five respective 2-aminopropyl-derivatives (3a-e). Pharmacological studies revealed that phenylpiperazine-derivatives 2d, 2e, 3d and 3e have sedative and analgesic properties. All compounds are devoided of neuroleptic, antidepressant, anxiolytic and antiparkinsonic activity. PMID- 3222182 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of decahydro-5H-pyrido [1',2';5,1] imidazo [3,4-a]-beta-carbolines. Part II. AB - Ten cyclic animals (1-10), including a form of decahydro-5H-pyrido [1',2';5,1] imidazo [3,4-a]-beta-carboline, were obtained by treating erythro 1-(2' piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline with aldehydes. The anticonvulsant action of those compounds (1-10) was investigated in mice using a behavioral test. Only 5-(3-chlorophenyl) (2) and 5-(3-pyridyl) (9) derivatives showed an anticonvulsant activity in the electric seizure test, but their therapeutic index was inferior to that of phenytoin. PMID- 3222184 TI - Eating disorders in adolescents. PMID- 3222183 TI - A comparison of norepinephrine stimulated inositol phosphate accumulation in cerebral cortex of the Acomys cahirinus, the laboratory mice and the rat. PMID- 3222186 TI - Social organization in caged layers: the peck order revisited. AB - The dominance hierarchy that exists among free ranging chickens is a peck order. Several researchers have attempted to correlate various production parameters of caged layers with dominance rank, with mixed results. Animal welfare groups have expressed increasing concern over the effects of battery cage housing on the behavior of layers, even though several researchers have shown that the incidence of aggressive pecks decreases in these cages. The studies presented here demonstrate that agonistic interactions occur among most pairs of hens housed in pens but do not occur among most pairs of hens housed in cages. Therefore, peck orders could be constructed for hens housed in pens but not for hens housed in cages. Incidence of agonistic interactions is highest in cage-housed hens immediately following housing of the hens; this peak is matched when group membership is mixed. These results suggest that a social system does form among caged hens even if a peck order does not. A single dominant hen in each cage was involved in and won a large majority of the agonistic encounters in the cages. The lack of evidence of dominance relationships between pairs of hens in cages, other than those between a single dominant hen and its cage mates, supports the hypothesis that despotism, not a peck order, was the prevailing social organization among hens housed in high-density cages. PMID- 3222187 TI - Comparative analysis of precipitating antibodies in White Rock and Fayoumi hens injected with bovine serum albumin or crude mite extract with resulting effects on northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae) population densities. AB - Precipitating antibody concentration responses to crude northern fowl mite extract (CME) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) injections were compared in White Rock and Fayoumi hens with two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis and rocket electrophoresis. The effect of CME injections on northern fowl mite population development was also determined. White Rock and Fayoumi hens developed similar antibody concentrations in response to intramuscular injections of BSA according to serum samples analyzed with two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. Rocket electrophoresis analyses of pooled serum samples showed significant differences between slopes of White Rock and Fayoumi pools for CME and BSA injections, suggesting differences in antibody-antigen interactions. Fayoumi hens injected with CME, 78, 50, and 14 days prior to experimental infestation with 2,000 northern fowl mites/bird supported significantly fewer mites than BSA-injected hens, although mite populations were low on both treatment groups. Injections of CME had no effect on mite population development on White Rock hens, even though CME-specific antibodies were detected. Although White Rock hens supported significantly greater mite numbers than Fayoumi hens, the difference was not attributed to anti-CME antibody activity alone. PMID- 3222185 TI - Effects of ad libitum versus restricted feeding on body composition and egg production of broiler breeders. AB - A 64-wk experiment was conducted in which the effects of ad libitum vs. restricted feeding were studied during the pullet-layer transition and laying periods. Broiler breeder females were reared through 23 wk of age according to the breeder's recommendation. At 24 wk of age the following four treatments were imposed: T1, fed restricted amounts of feed according to the breeder's management guide; T2, feed restricted from 24 to 32 wk of age (as in T1), then fed ad libitum; T3, fed ad libitum from 24 to 64 wk of age; and T4, fed ad libitum from 24 to 32 wk of age, then restricted to 85% of the average 24 to 32-wk consumption. Birds fed ad libitum during the pullet-layer transition period (T3 + T4) consumed an average of 37 g more feed per day and reached sexual maturity 14 days earlier than restricted birds (T1 + T2). Live body weight, carcass weight, carcass weight corrected to zero fat content, and percentage carcass fat were all significantly higher at first egg in ad libitum vs. restricted birds, but these differences were small. Birds fed ad libitum during lay (T2 + T3) produced more eggs, achieved a higher peak percentage hen-day production, consumed more feed, and contained more body fat at last egg than hens restricted during lay (T1 + T4). However, neither mortality, feed efficiency, egg weight, egg fertility, nor egg specific gravity was affected by treatment. PMID- 3222188 TI - Influence of light intensity on behavior and performance of broiler chickens. AB - The influence of two light intensity treatments, 180 and 6 lx, on behavior and performance of broiler chickens was examined in two experiments. The first experiment tested male chickens reared to 9 wk of age and the second experiment tested both sexes reared separately to 6 wk. Behavioral data were collected by scan sampling of behavior recorded on video tape. Standing, walking, and total activity were higher under the 180 lx than the 6-lx treatment (P less than .01), whereas feeding and drinking were not significantly affected by light intensity. Body weight, feed and water consumption, and feed conversion were unaffected by light intensity. Incidence of leg disorders at 6 wk and the percentage of bruised carcasses at 64 days were significantly lower under the higher light intensity treatment in the first experiment, as was mortality to 3 and 6 wk in the second experiment. No significant light intensity X sex interactions were detected. Results did not support the hypothesis that brighter lighting reduces performance due to increased chicken activity. Use of brighter lighting had no adverse effects on performance and there was some evidence that it may have a beneficial effect on welfare by reducing bruising. PMID- 3222189 TI - Epidemiological evaluation of the salmonella-controlling effect of a nationwide use of a competitive exclusion culture in poultry. AB - The purpose of the study was to evaluate the salmonella contamination-controlling effect of a nationwide use of a competitive exclusion culture in poultry. During a 5-yr period, a bacterial flora from caecum of adult birds was given to broiler chickens in order to control salmonella infection. The culture was given on 144 occasions to a total of 2.86 million chickens. The base for the evaluation was the compulsory and regular control for salmonella contamination conducted according to the salmonella control program applied to Sweden. Epidemiological evaluation, especially in relation to the use of the culture during a period when salmonella was spread from a feed factory, strongly supports the conclusion that the culture has a salmonella contamination-preventing effect under field conditions, as earlier had been found in laboratory studies. Questionnaires answered by producers did not indicate significant adverse effects of the treatment. PMID- 3222190 TI - Effects of ochratoxin A alone and in combination with citrinin on kidney function of single comb White Leghorn pullets. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate the acute effects of ochratoxin A (OA) on pullet renal function, and to determine if the diuretic effects of citrinin are altered by acute ochratoxicosis. Birds were injected intramuscularly with a 1 mg/mL solution of OA at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight for 2 consecutive days. Control birds received an equal volume injection of the OA carrier vehicle (100% ethanol). On the 3rd day, birds were anesthetized and prepared for renal function studies. Following 30 min of control urine and plasma collection, an intravenous infusion containing 400 ppm citrinin was initiated, and urine and plasma were collected for an additional 70 min. The OA alone caused an increase in manure moisture and increased hematocrits (hemoconcentration), but direct effects on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow rate/GFR, para-aminohippuric acid clearance (CPAH), free water clearance (FWC), and electrolye excretion (Na, K, Ca, P) were not consistently demonstrated. The OA may cause hemoconcentration by causing a subtle increase in urine flow (diuresis), or by increasing intestinal water loss (diarrhea). Citrinin infusion caused increased urine flow rate, increased urine flow rate/GFR, increased FWC, increased Na excretion, and decreased urine osmolality. Pretreatment with OA attenuated these effects of citrinin, presumably due to renal compensation for the OA-induced hemoconcentration. Citrinin and OA do not appear to have additive diuretic effects during the first 48 h of toxin exposure. PMID- 3222191 TI - Anticoccidial efficacy of narasin in battery cage trials. AB - Narasin is a polyether monocarboxylic acid antibiotic produced by Streptomyces aureofaciens. An extensive series of battery cage trials was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of narasin against recent field isolates of the pathogenic species of chicken coccidia. Statistical analyses of the results of these studies revealed that each successive increase in the concentration of narasin produced a significant reduction in the severity of cecal and intestinal lesions when compared with those in infected nonmedicated controls. Increasing the concentration of narasin also produced significant improvements in weight gain and feed efficiency when compared to gain and feed efficiency of infected nonmedicated controls. Maximum weight gain of birds infected with Eimeria tenella alone was obtained at a narasin concentration of 60 ppm, but birds infected with E. tenella plus intestinal species of coccidia, when medicated with 80 ppm narasin had weight gains significantly greater than those of birds medicated with 60 ppm narasin. Weight gain improvement decreased at narasin concentrations greater than or equal to 100 ppm. Results of these studies confirm the effectiveness of narasin in controlling coccidial infections produced by recent field isolates of the pathogenic species of chicken coccidia. PMID- 3222192 TI - Anticoccidial efficacy of narasin in floor pen trials. AB - Narasin is effective against all species of chicken coccidia when tested in short term battery cage experiments. The efficacy of narasin at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm was evaluated in ten floor pen trials in which commercial broiler production conditions were simulated. To provide intentional exposure to different levels of coccidia challenge, the litter of some pens was seeded with oocysts of each of the pathogenic species of chicken coccidia, whereas some pens were left nonseeded. Weight gain, feed efficiency, and lesion score data from the ten trials were analyzed as one randomized block experiment. Medication with narasin resulted in a significant reduction in lesion scores and significant improvement in weight gain and feed:gain ratios when compared with scores and gain of nonmedicated controls for both seeded and nonseeded pens. Each increase in narasin concentration up to 100 ppm for the seeded pens and up to 80 ppm for the nonseeded pens resulted in a significant reduction in cecal lesion scores. Although maximum weight gain in the seeded pens was obtained with 40 ppm narasin, concentrations greater than or equal to 60 ppm narasin were significantly better than the 40 ppm concentration in improving feed:gain ratios. These results confirm the effectiveness of narasin in controlling coccidiosis in broilers exposed to oocysts in the litter of floor pens. Furthermore, a clear relationship between the response to narasin and the level of oocyst challenge was demonstrated. PMID- 3222193 TI - Field experience trials comparing narasin and monensin. AB - Narasin is effective against all species of chicken coccidia when tested in battery cage and floor pen studies. To confirm the efficacy of narasin under practical broiler production conditions, the drug was fed at concentrations of 60 ppm or 80 ppm to broiler chickens being raised by six different commercial broiler producers in five different geographic areas. Monensin was fed in each trial at a concentration of 100 ppm or 121 ppm as a reference control. The usual management practices of each of the integrated broiler companies were followed throughout the respective trials. Nine trials were conducted and approximately 100,000 broilers were tested for each treatment. No adverse reactions attributable to treatments were observed in any of the trials, and performance results obtained with narasin-medicated birds were generally comparable with those obtained with monensin-medicated birds in the same trial. These findings support the conclusion that narasin at final feed concentrations in the range of 60 to 80 ppm can be safely and effectively used as an anticoccidial agent in commercial broiler production facilities. PMID- 3222194 TI - Effect of antemortem electrical stunning on functional properties of turkey muscle. AB - Muscle samples were collected from two groups of turkeys, one group electrically stunned before exsanguination and the other group nonstunned. Sampling was done at 0, 4, 8, and 24 h postmortem. Examination of muscle samples for glycogen, pH, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), R value (ratio of inosine nucleotides to adenosine nucleotides), and extractable protein demonstrated that glycolysis was delayed by electrical stunning. Muscle myofibrils, however, showed no effect of stunning on Mg++-ATPase, sulfhydryls, or sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns. Functional properties of the muscle as measured by emulsion stability evaluations showed greater stability in prerigor muscle but no significant effect of stunning. The results indicate that although electrical stunning delayed glycolysis, the overall effect was not great enough to be a significant factor in improvement of functional properties of muscle for further processing. PMID- 3222195 TI - Depletion of oxycarotenoid pigments in chickens and the failure of aflatoxin to alter it. AB - Aflatoxin, a demonstrated cause of pale bird syndrome in chickens, was investigated for its effects on the depigmentation of chickens placed on a diet low in carotenoids. Chickens were pigmented by feeding for 3 wk a white corn-soy diet supplemented with 50 micrograms free lutein and 0 or 4 micrograms aflatoxin/g diet. Then birds were switched to the same diets unsupplemented with lutein. At 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 days after switching, jejunal contents and mucosa, serum, liver, and toe web of 4 groups of 10 birds were removed for analysis of their carotenoids by high performance liquid chromatography. In control birds the order of decrease in total lutein was jejunal contents greater than jejunal mucosa greater than serum greater than liver greater than toe web. Aflatoxin did not alter the depletion process, except for minor retardation of lutein depletion in the mucosa and liver. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data indicated that lutein depletion in the integument was accomplished through three sequential reactions (lutein diester----lutein monoester----lutein----serum lutein) and that aflatoxin had no effect on the reactions. These results imply that aflatoxin induces pale bird syndrome by interfering with the accumulation of pigment by chickens rather than by enhancing the depletion of pigment. PMID- 3222197 TI - Relationship between throat feather-color pattern and photodependency of testicular function in the athens randombred control line of Japanese quail. AB - The relationship between throat feather-color and testicular regression and recrudescence under short photoperiods of 6 hr light (L):18 h dark (D) was examined in the Athens randombred control line of Japanese quail. In contrast to earlier studies, no differences were found in testicular regression when quail with brick red, mixed red and white, central red surrounded by white, or all white throat feathers were shifted from a photoperiod of 16L:8D to one of 6L:18D. The cloacal protuberance areas (CPA) of all groups ranged between 1.81 +/- .09 and 1.90 +/- .19 cm2 while birds were housed on the long photoperiod. Cloacal protuberance areas of all groups were markedly reduced after 3 wk of exposure to 6L:18D. Testes weights of all groups ranged between 46.7 and 54.8 mg after 3 wk of exposure to the short photoperiod. In a second experiment, cloacal foam gland development of males of the four throat feather patterns was examined during 26 wk after changing the photoperiod from 16L:8D to 6L:18D. Foam glands of all groups regressed within 3 wk of exposure to 6L:18D. Glands of birds with brick red throats or mixed red and white feathers recrudesced by 11 wk under the short photoperiod. Foam glands of birds with white throats or a band of white surrounding a patch of red did not show recrudescence at 11 or 14 wk but did so by 26 wk. PMID- 3222196 TI - Development of lipase activity in yolk membrane and pancreas of young turkeys. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the development of lipase activity in the yolk membrane (YM) of poults during the embryonic period and in the pancreas during the first 16 days after hatching. A corn-soybean meal diet, formulated to contain 6% supplemental fat was used in both Experiments 1 and 2; two dietary levels (0 or .06%) of sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) were tested in Experiment 2. Samples of YM and pancreas were collected starting at Day 7 (Experiment 1) and at Day 18 (Experiment 2) of incubation and continued until Day 4 and Day 16 after hatching for YM and pancreas, respectively. Lipase activity was measured titrametrically and tributyrin was used as the reaction substrate. Total lipase activity (TLA) per YM increased from 31 mueq/min at Day 9 of incubation to a maximum of 214 mueq/min at Day 21 and then decreased through Day 4 after hatching. Specific lipase activity as lipase activity per milligram of pancreas dry weight (DW) increased from 3.1 mueq/mgDW/min at Day 27 of incubation to 15.6 mueq/mgDW/min at Day 1 after hatching. This increase continued linearly (P less than .001) to 26.2 mueq/mgDW/min by Day 16 after hatching. The TLA per pancreas averaged 400 mueq/min at Day 1 and increased to 13,000 (Experiment 1) and 8,400 (Experiment 2) mueq/min by Day 16 after hatching. Inclusion of NaTDC in the diet had no effect on pancreatic lipase activity. PMID- 3222198 TI - Effect of feed restriction on feed efficiency and incidence of sudden death syndrome in broiler chickens. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feed restriction on the incidence of sudden death syndrome (SDS). Body weight, feed efficiency, and incidence of SDS were compared for broilers fed ad libitum and broilers restricted in feed intake by 25%. Six pens of 50 male broilers were fed commercial-type texture diets ad libitum, and six pens of birds were restricted to 75% of this intake from 5 to 39 days of age. Growth rate and the incidence of SDS were significantly higher in ad libitum-fed broilers. Feed efficiency was better in the ad libitum-fed group up to 11 days of age and then became similar to that of the restricted group. Results support the hypothesis that the incidence of SDS is related to growth rate and suggest that SDS mortality may be reduced by growing broilers at a slower rate. PMID- 3222199 TI - Effects of feeder space on body weight uniformity of broiler breeder pullets during an alternate day feeding program. AB - The effect of feeder space on body weight uniformity of adolescent broiler breeder females during a feed restriction program was evaluated. From 2 to 20 wk of age, broiler breeder pullets were fed a starter/developer diet containing 16.0% protein and 2,944 kcal ME/kg feed. Feed allocations, predicated on mean pen body weight, were fed on an every other day basis. Feeder space was 45 or 90% of that recommended for use with a feed restriction program. The mortality, feed efficiency and body weight uniformity data all support the hypothesis that it is not necessary to provide enough feeder space to enable all birds to eat simultaneously. Broiler breeder pullets provided only 45% of the recommended feeder space responded as well as, or better than, those given 90% of the recommended feeder space. PMID- 3222200 TI - The Stickler syndrome is closely linked to COL2A1, the structural gene for type II collagen. PMID- 3222201 TI - Mechanism of bone and cartilage maldevelopment in the warfarin embryopathy. PMID- 3222202 TI - Comparisons and correlations of skeletal defects in mouse and human. PMID- 3222203 TI - New perspectives in the human chondrodysplasias. PMID- 3222204 TI - Regulation of the collagen II gene in development and disease. PMID- 3222205 TI - Noncollagenous matrix constituents of cartilage. PMID- 3222206 TI - Chondrogenesis: in vitro approaches. PMID- 3222207 TI - Modulation and reexpression of the chondrocyte phenotype; mediation by cell shape and microfilament modification. PMID- 3222208 TI - The comparative biology of chondrodysplasias in mice. AB - Several monogenic mutants in mice result in chondrodysplastic dwarfism. Although they have been studied by different protocols so that the data are not strictly comparable, they represent a spectrum of genetic defects of chondrogenesis that produce chondrodysplasias in mice and, by homology, in man. Because tissues and cells of mice are available for experimental study and the genetics of mice is under experimental control, these mutants can be employed to investigate the biochemical and physiological processes that are disrupted by specific mutations. The systematic study of these disturbed developmental and biochemical pathways will increase our understanding of chondrogenesis and chondrodysplasia as similar studies have done for intermediary metabolism. PMID- 3222209 TI - Animal models with chondrodysplasia/osteochondrodysplasia. PMID- 3222210 TI - Bone dysplasia 'families'. AB - Bone dysplasia families are recognized by distinct patterns of radiographic changes. These patterns are understood as manifestations of distinct pathogenetic processes. The concept is evident in dysostosis multiplex and in osteogenesis imperfecta and is hypothetical in other families. The concept may aid in the diagnostic classification and pathogenetic elucidation of individual bone dysplasias. PMID- 3222211 TI - Natural history of human chondrodysplasias. PMID- 3222212 TI - Type II collagen deficiency in achondrogenesis (Langer-Saldino). PMID- 3222213 TI - Kniest dysplasia: a probable type II collagen defect. PMID- 3222214 TI - Abnormal type II collagen in the spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias. PMID- 3222215 TI - Computer-assisted analysis of fetal behavioural states. AB - A computerized system which simultaneously acquires and quantifies several ultrasonically detected fetal activities, including gross body movements, breathing movements, and eye movements, was developed in order to obtain additional quantitative data on fetal behaviour. Movements were automatically related to fetal heart rate allowing computation of their mean incidence, duration, lag time and percentage time spent moving during different heart rate patterns. The incidence of various behavioural states was also calculated. The study of 15 healthy fetuses near term revealed the existence of statistically significant differences in these parameters between low and high variability patterns of fetal heart rate suggesting a quantitative modulation of fetal movements by behavioural states. PMID- 3222217 TI - Direct and short-term culture preparation of chorionic villi. Is any one method best? AB - Chorionic villi from 20 diagnostic cases were prepared for cytogenetic analysis by a direct and two short-term culture methods. No significant differences were found between the methods in the quality and quantity of metaphases obtained. A further study using villi from 20 pre-termination patients indicated an inherent variation in the quality of villi resulting in inconsistent processing and variation in the response of a sample to the methods. This suggests that it would be advantageous to process the villi by more than one method. PMID- 3222216 TI - Prenatal diagnosis with biotinylated chromosome specific probes. AB - We have used a Y-chromosome specific DNA probe in a controlled study to determine the presence of Y-chromosome material and to detect numerical abnormalities in uncultured amniotic fluid cells by fluorescent hybridization. Using this non radioactive method, we correctly predicted fetal sex within 48 h in all but 3 of 54 cases and identified an XYY syndrome. The technique was previously tested with no false-positive or false-negative results on cultured interphase or metaphase nuclei of fetal fibroblasts and adult T-lymphocytes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was applied to long-term fixed cytogenetic preparations up to 44 months old and was shown to be reliable. PMID- 3222218 TI - Ultrastructure of first trimester chorionic villi with regard to the prenatal diagnosis of genodermatoses. AB - Hopes are held out for chorion villus sampling, a technique which is gaining more and more importance for the first trimester prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations and metabolic abnormalities. A variety of inherited skin diseases can be diagnosed postnatally and prenatally (in the second trimester) by ultrastructural diagnostic markers. For evaluation of prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester, we investigated chorionic villi derived from the trophoblast layer of the early pregnancy by light microscopy and conventional electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the cellular layers covering the villi, i.e., the inner cytotrophoblast and the outer syncytiotrophoblast, as well as that of the connective tissue of the inner extraembryonic mesoderm, are thoroughly described in relation to the ultrastructural changes in certain genodermatoses including epidermolyses and keratinization disorders. We found that chorionic villi have only a few of the characteristics differentiated in skin, and none of the structures which are relevant to the diagnosis of genodermatoses. In our view, the ultrastructural approach is not suitable for first trimester prenatal diagnosis of genodermatoses in chorionic villi. PMID- 3222219 TI - Altered fetal cardiac flow patterns in pure red cell anaemia (the Blackfan Diamond syndrome). AB - In a case of fetal anaemia due to pure red cell anaemia (Blackfan-Diamond syndrome), two-dimensional fetal Doppler echocardiography revealed an altered blood flow velocity pattern with entire incorporation of the atrial contraction component in the early passive filling phase of the right ventricle. Intracardiac blood velocities were increased, whereas cardiac output was only moderately increased. The fetal heart rate was normal. It is concluded that in fetal anaemia the compensatory mechanisms are limited and restricted to an increase in stroke volume. The hypothesis that chronic fetal anaemia is associated with 'high output cardiac failure' corresponds well with the present findings. The technique described may prove to be useful in the early diagnosis of fetal anaemia. PMID- 3222220 TI - The distinction between arylsulphatases in chorionic villi. AB - The relatively high activity of arylsulphatase C (ASC) in the placenta is a potential risk for the misdiagnosis of arylsulphatase A (ASA) or arylsulphatase B (ASB) deficiency in chorionic villus sampling when assayed by synthetic substrates. A clear distinction between these enzymes can be achieved in either the direct villi or the cultured villi cells. Interestingly, the activity of ASC differed significantly in cultured villi cells when prepared by two different methods, namely, minced villi versus treatment with trypsin and collagenase, while ASA and ASB were not affected by these treatments. Whether ASC was directly affected by one of these treatments or whether a selection of cells with different ASC levels was achieved is not yet clear, but this phenomenon clearly indicates the importance of precise definition of CVS preparations to correlate with the enzyme activity data. PMID- 3222221 TI - A modified elution method for determining the presence of fetal red blood cells. PMID- 3222222 TI - The structure of placental glycogen. AB - Glycogen was purified from human term placenta and its structural features investigated. The beta-amylolysis limit and average chain lengths indicated that some degradation of the glycogen had occurred prior to its extraction. The sedimentation coefficient distribution of the purified glycogen showed that it contained a significant proportion of aggregated material. Diffusion coefficient measurements allowed calculation of the molecular weight distribution. The placental glycogen contained a significant proportion of high molecular weight material, although not as much as liver or skeletal muscle glycogens. Because the high molecular weight glycogen of liver and skeletal muscle is associated with the lysosome it is likely that this is also true of the large placental glycogen. Lysosomal glycogen is degraded hydrolytically to glucose and so placental glycogen may be involved in fetal glucose homeostasis. PMID- 3222223 TI - Effect of oestrogens and progesterone on the metabolic inactivation of noradrenaline in the human placenta. AB - The enzymatic inactivation of noradrenaline was investigated in 25 fresh human placentae in vitro. Oxidative deamination by monoamine oxidase (MAO) was greater than enzymic O-methylation by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). The addition of oestriol (E3) or progesterone to the organ bath significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) the activity of placental MAO. Oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) showed no inhibitory effect. In addition, E3 significantly inhibited the activity of COMT (P less than 0.001), whereas oestrone and oestradiol had no effect on COMT activity. COMT was also inhibited by progesterone (P less than 0.05). The decrease in enzymic inactivation of noradrenaline caused by oestriol and progesterone suggests an activated adrenoceptor function. PMID- 3222224 TI - Differential expression of blood-group-related carbohydrate antigens by trophoblast subpopulations. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies directed at fucosylated and sialylated carbohydrates on the Type 1 and Type 2 blood group precursor chains was used in an immunohistological study of trophoblast subpopulations. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of normal trophoblast throughout pregnancy, hydatidiform moles and gestational choriocarcinoma were examined. Sialyl-Lex was localized in extravillous trophoblast populations in normal and molar pregnancies and choriocarcinoma tumour cells. After neuraminidase treatment, Lex was identified in similar cell populations. Although Lea was identified in syncytial trophoblast cells at the maternofetal interface, no staining was seen for sialyl Lea. Villous trophoblast did not stain with any of the monoclonal antibodies used. Our results underline the divergent differentiation of trophoblast into villous and invasive extravillous subpopulations. The analogy with tumour cells is discussed. PMID- 3222225 TI - Immunoreactive transferrin receptor in sera of pregnant women. AB - Immunoreactive transferrin receptors in sera of 90 pregnant women of various gestational periods were investigated. The mean concentrations of the serum transferrin receptor in normal males and females were 251 +/- 94 ng/ml and 256 +/ 99 ng/ml, respectively. Serum transferrin receptor levels in pregnant women did not show a significant increase in the early stage of gestation. However, a rapid elevation of the mean concentration of transferrin receptor was observed after 20 weeks of pregnancy. The apparent increase with gestation period suggests that this immunoreactive receptor in the sera of pregnant women is derived from the placental syncytiotrophoblast and reflects the activity of maternofetal iron transport. PMID- 3222226 TI - Fluid transport across human fetal membranes affected by human amniotic fluid prolactin: an in vitro study. AB - The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of human amniotic fluid (AF) prolactin (PRL) on the transfer of fluids across human fetal membranes, detected in vitro by weight change. We have developed a system, consisting of an inner compartment (4 ml), suspended in an outer compartment (40 ml), and separated from it by a 2 cm2 circular piece of fresh human fetal membrane (amnion, chorion and adhering decidua). The weight of the inner compartment was continuously registered with an electronic precision balance. Osmolality changes or hydrostatic pressure differences did not affect the rate of mass transfer through the membranes. Potassium cyanide significantly influenced the mass transfer in favour of the applied hydrostatic pressure difference (+2 cm H2O to the amniotic side) or osmotic pressure difference (amniotic side 265 mosm/kg/decidual side 285 mosm/kg). The PRL preparations used were human and ovine pituitary PRL, as well as three fractions isolated from human AF by fractionated ammonium sulphate and ethanol precipitations, followed by Sephacryl chromatography. All PRL preparations were tested in physiologic concentrations (0.5 to 5 micrograms/ml). Only the two largest AF-PRL variants significantly disturbed the balance of fluid transfer across the membranes when added to the fetal (amniotic) side of the membrane. This resulted in a net increase in fetomaternal transfer of 120 to 180 microliters. This effect could be repeated and lasted for at least 25 minutes. Using an antibody against hPRL the effect was completely blocked. Neither AF-PRL added to the maternal (decidual) side of the membrane nor oPRL or human pituitary PRL added to the amniotic or decidual side changed the rate of mass transfer across the membranes. PMID- 3222229 TI - [The significance of respiratory pathology in children in the development of bronchopulmonary diseases as adults]. PMID- 3222228 TI - Cytosolic epoxide hydrolase in human placenta. AB - It has been shown that cytosol from human term placenta contains cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity. This cytosolic epoxide hydrolase was enriched more than 700-fold by affinity chromatography and appears similar to the enzyme from mouse and human liver in terms of molecular mass (Mr 59,000) and antigenic reactivity. PMID- 3222227 TI - Carrier-mediated uptake of hexoses by the rat visceral yolk sac. AB - The rat visceral yolk sac is shown to possess a sodium-independent, phloretin sensitive, and phlorizin- and ouabain-insensitive transport system for hexoses. The rate of uptake of (3H)2-deoxy-D-glucose was measured in vitro and shown to be greatest on the 12th day, decreasing progressively with increasing gestational age up to the 20th day. Little uptake of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, alpha methylglucoside or L-glucose occurred. On uptake by the visceral yolk sac, 2 deoxy-D-glucose was phosphorylated, leading to considerable accumulation of this sugar. Several sugars inhibited 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake as follows: D-glucose = mannose greater than fructose greater than galactose greater than xylose greater than fucose. PMID- 3222230 TI - [Subcutaneous tuberculin tests at a geriatric tuberculosis clinic]. PMID- 3222231 TI - [Means of improving the diagnosis of pleural exudates]. PMID- 3222232 TI - [Dynamics of respiratory functional disorders in patients with tubercular pleurisy during treatment with pathogenetic agents]. PMID- 3222233 TI - [Efficacy of intravenous chemotherapy of newly detected cases of destructive tuberculosis of the lungs]. PMID- 3222234 TI - [Dynamics of roentgeno-functional indices of the respiratory organs in patients with destructive tuberculosis in relation to the nature of the surgical intervention]. PMID- 3222235 TI - [Treatment of residual pleural cavity and clotted hemothorax in patients operated on in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3222237 TI - [Natural killer cells in the peripheral blood of patients with tuberculosis, pneumonia and cancer of the lungs]. PMID- 3222236 TI - [Surgical treatment of progressive destructive tuberculous arthritis]. PMID- 3222238 TI - [Risk factors and the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in young people at the present stage]. PMID- 3222239 TI - [Localization of a defect in phagocytic function in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3222240 TI - [Improvement in the chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and adolescents by the differential use of isoniazid]. PMID- 3222241 TI - [Recurrences of pulmonary tuberculosis and factors contributing to their occurrence]. PMID- 3222242 TI - [Improving the organization of work in the ophthalmic room of a tuberculosis clinic]. PMID- 3222243 TI - [Generalized sarcoidosis complicated by secondary amyloidosis]. PMID- 3222244 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 3222245 TI - Characterization of muscarinic receptors in human pancreatic membranes. AB - Crude membranes (27,000 x g pellets) from three normal human pancreata were prepared. Muscarinic receptors were investigated by the ability of three antagonists (atropine, pirenzepine, and AF-DX 116) and three agonists (carbamylcholine, oxotremorine, and pilocarpine) to inhibit [3H]NMS binding. These receptors showed for pirenzepine and AF-DX 116 a M2 beta specificity, typical of secretory glands and smooth muscle, that was comparable to that of rat pancreatic membranes, i.e., a low affinity for the two antagonists (Ki of 0.4 and 0.2 microM, respectively). In addition, these receptors were predominantly in a low affinity state for the agonist carbamylcholine (Ki of 100 microM). PMID- 3222247 TI - A novel serum assay for pancreatic cellular damage. II. High tissue specificity of a pancreatic protein. AB - A previously unknown major protein in human pancreatic cytosol has been purified and partly characterized. The protein, designated pancreas specific protein (PASP), has a molecular weight of 44,500 and a pI of 6.9. A two-dimensional gel separation technique revealed the protein to be specific for normal pancreatic tissue. Antibodies against PASP were raised in rabbits and a radioimmunoassay was developed for the quantitation of this protein. The following concentrations of PASP (mg/kg wet weight) were found in human tissues: normal pancreas 100-1,000; pancreatic carcinoma 0.1-20; prostate 0.5-5; and 13 other tissues less than 0.5. The levels of PASP in peripheral serum were less than 0.1 mg/L in normal subjects, 0.7-3 mg/L in cases of acute pancreatitis, and less than 0.1 mg/L in cases of pancreatic carcinoma, prostatic diseases, and other abdominal diseases investigated. The high tissue specificity and the specific elevation of serum PASP levels in acute pancreatitis may indicate a use of this protein as a marker of this pancreatic condition. PMID- 3222246 TI - Pancreatic cancer mucin from xenografts of SW1990 cells: isolation, characterization, and comparison to colon cancer mucin. AB - Mucin has been purified from nude mouse xenografts of SW1990 human pancreatic cancer cells. The mucin was eluted at the void volume of Sepharose CL-4B and was of density greater than 1.3 in CsCl gradients. The isolated mucin had a high content of threonine, serine, and proline, with 31% of the amino acid residues O glycosylated. The average oligosaccharide composition was NeuAc1.8Fuc0.7Gal2.0GlcNAc1.7GalNAc1.4. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies prepared against the purified mucin recognized primarily mucin polypeptide, and there was extensive immunological cross-reaction between SW1990 pancreatic cancer mucin and LS174T colon cancer mucin. However, using carbohydrate-specific monoclonal antibodies, the two mucins were found to differ. SW1990 mucin had more Lewis, sialyl Lewis, and sialyl Lewis activity, while the colon cancer mucin had more sialyl T antigen. Since pancreatic mucins, whether from normal pancreas or pancreatic cancer, have not previously been well characterized, the availability of SW1990 pancreatic cancer mucin may be useful as a model for studying the expressing of organ-specific or cancer-associated antigens. PMID- 3222248 TI - Feedback regulation of basal pancreatic secretion in humans. AB - The effect of intrajejunal infusion of pancreatic juice on basal pancreatic secretion was studied in patients who had received pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic, biliary, or duodenal malignancy. Pure pancreatic juice was obtained through a drainage tube inserted into the main pancreatic duct. There was little fibrosis in the pancreatic remnant and daily pancreatic juice output was more than 200 ml. After intraluminal infusion of pancreatic juice, water, protein, bicarbonate, and enzyme outputs were decreased significantly by about 30%. Intraluminal trypsin also reduced pancreatic secretion. Trypsin inhibitor (aprotinin) suppressed the significant decrease caused by autopancreatic juice or trypsin solution. We conclude that basal pancreatic secretion in humans is under negative feedback control by intestinal pancreatic juice or tryptic activity. PMID- 3222250 TI - Pancreatic enzyme secretion mediated by novel peptide: monitor peptide hypothesis. AB - A new model is proposed for pancreatic enzyme secretion in response to food protein intake in rats. We have found a novel peptide in rat bile-pancreatic juice, which exhibits a trypsin-sensitive, cholecystokinin (CCK)-releasing activity. The amino acid sequence of the peptide purified from rat bile pancreatic juice is very similar to that of a conservative region in pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI). The peptide loses its CCK-releasing activity during trypsin digestion, but food protein intake prevents this trypsin digestion. Results of a reconstitution experiment indicate that pancreatic enzyme secretion in response to food protein intake only occurs as a result of interaction between trypsin and our purified peptide. Also, a peptide-specific antibody abolished the response. These findings lead us to hypothesize that this peptide acts as an intraduodenal mediator for CCK release in response to food protein intake. PMID- 3222249 TI - Ductal vasculature in the atrophic pancreas: evidence for autonomous ductal angioarchitecture. AB - Although it is known that ducts remain intact in the atrophied pancreata of rats rendered dietarily copper-deficient, no information is available that characterizes the ductal angioarchitecture of the experimentally altered gland. Furthermore, since the vascular relationship between pancreatic ducts and the parenchyma of the normal gland has not been well defined, this atrophy model was used to examine blood flow to ducts in the atrophied gland where acinar tissue undergoes selective necrosis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of pancreatic corrosion casts produced from Mercox-injected rats was used. SEM was compared with light microscopic study of stain-injected cleared pancreata and correlated with histological and ultrastructural studies. The results indicate that duct cells and ductal vasculature remain unaffected by surrounding acinar cell necrosis and glandular lipomatous atrophy. Furthermore, the results support a largely autonomous blood supply for the ductal system by arterial blood that flows directly from major extralobular arteries of the pancreas or their interlobular branches. In the same manner, venous blood draining the ductal system returns to major extralobular veins or by way of their interlobular branches. No evidence could be established for manifest acinoductal or ductoacinar portal systems. There were, however, places in the route of both ductal and acinar vessels where the vessels were found to anastomose. These places were found near the source of major arteries or veins that supply and drain confluent acinar and ductal tissues. It is concluded that, while some acinoductal or ductoacinar exchange may take place, the role of these putative portal systems would appear less significant than the direct route of blood to and from pancreatic ducts. PMID- 3222251 TI - Structural and immunological relationship between laminin and the cysteine proteinase inhibitor stefin. AB - A sequence analogy was found between the C-terminal region of the B1 chain of laminin (residues 1538-1639) and cysteine proteinase inhibitors, in particular the stefin group. The sequence analogous with cysteine proteinase inhibitors occurs in fragment E8 obtained by elastase digestion of laminin. Antibodies raised against E 8 reacted with stefin but not with kininogen or cystatin. PMID- 3222252 TI - The nucleotide sequence of rabbit liver cytochrome b5 mRNA. AB - Using a synthetic 26 base pair (bp) oligonucleotide, we have screened a rabbit liver cDNA library in lambda gt11 and isolated a 1000 bp DNA clone corresponding to cytochrome b5 mRNA. The clone contains the complete coding region and long 5' and 3' non-translated regions. The derived amino acid sequence (sequence; see text) agrees with published sequences, and confirms that the amino acids 62 and 104 are asparagine and aspartic acid, respectively. PMID- 3222253 TI - Identifying domains in protein sequences. AB - Amino acid sequences are often inferred without information about the structure or function of the protein. Just as unknown proteins may be identified through comparison with other known sequences, so can structural and functional domains be inferred through analogy with other known domain sequences. A database of domain sequences, along with their known properties, would be very helpful in the characterization of a protein sequence in terms of its possible conformation and function. Here we describe the type of information to be included in such a database and discuss the techniques that may be used to determine the characteristic features of domains. Recently identified domains in thyroid peroxidase, chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan core proteins, an epidermal growth factor precursor homolog, and a bacterial beta-amylase are presented as examples. PMID- 3222254 TI - Detection of amplified N-myc gene in neuroblastoma by in situ hybridization using the single-step silver enhancement method. AB - Amplification of the N-myc oncogene in 27 cases of neuroblastoma group tumor was examined by in situ hybridization using the single-step silver enhancement technique. The N-myc gene copy numbers of these neuroblastoma group tumors were previously examined by dot-blot hybridization using DNA extracted from formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (H Tsuda et al., Lab Invest, 59:321, 1988). Silver grains were deposited just over the nuclei of tumor cells, but no or only faint deposition was observed over those of infiltrating lymphocytes, stromal fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. We judged a case to be positive for gene amplification when silver grains precipitated over the nuclei of the tumor cells to a greater extent than over nuclei of lymphocytes or endothelial cells in the same section. According to this criterion, 14 cases (12 cases of neuroblastoma and 2 cases of ganglioneuroblastoma) were positive for N-myc gene amplification of 27 cases (18 cases of neuroblastoma, 5 cases of ganglioneuroblastoma, and 4 cases of composite ganglioneuroblastoma). These results corresponded well to those of the dot-blot hybridization analysis using the same materials. Thirteen of 15 cases that carried 4 copies or more of N-myc gene were judged positive, and 11 of 12 cases that carried less than 4 copies of the N-myc gene were judged negative by in situ hybridization. In neuroblastoma group tumors with amplification of the N-myc gene, tumor cells were stained almost homogenously, except for two cases of ganglioneuroblastoma, in which less differentiated small round tumor cells were stained more intensely than differentiated ganglion-like cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3222255 TI - Lyme disease meningopolyneuritis simulating malignant lymphoma. AB - Lyme disease is a multisystem disorder resulting from infection by the tick-borne spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Fever, chills, malaise and headaches; a characteristic rash; and subsequent polyarthritis typically herald the onset of this condition. Neurologic involvement may occur with skin and joint manifestations or present alone as meningitis, cranial neuritis, and radiculopathy known as Bannwarth's syndrome. We report the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical features of four patients who presented with isolated meningitis, cranial neuritis, and painful neuropathy without initial history of specific skin rash or previous tick bite. Initial CSF findings of significant numbers of markedly atypical plasmacytoid mononuclear cells suggested CSF non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma. Immunocytochemical studies on CSF specimens, however, revealed polyclonal surface immunoglobulin patterns consistent with an inflammatory reaction. Follow-up clinical history and/or peripheral blood serologic testing for antibody titers with B. burgdorferi antigen confirmed the diagnosis of Lyme disease in all four cases. We conclude that Lyme disease may present as atypical spinal fluid lymphoplasmacytic cellular infiltrates that simulate malignant lymphoma and that appropriate immunocytochemical studies and peripheral blood serologic testing be performed to establish this diagnosis and direct appropriate therapy. PMID- 3222256 TI - Immunophenotypic diagnosis of leiomyosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas with monoclonal antibodies to muscle-specific actin and desmin in formalin-fixed tissue. AB - Two fibrillary proteins, muscle-specific actin (MSA) and desmin, are found only in cells of smooth and skeletal muscle lineages. Among the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to these antigens which we have tested, we found several to be reactive in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. This finding widened the possibility of using these MAbs in routine diagnostic surgical pathology for the immunodiagnosis of rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) and leiomyosarcomas (LMS). We therefore conducted a comparative study of three such MAbs which are available commercially and which we applied to paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissues from 15 patients with RMS and 19 patients with LMS. The case selection criteria included typical light-microscopic appearances as well as immunoreactivity with at least one of the MAbs. MSA was detected in all cases of RMS and LMS, whereas desmin was reactive in 12 of 13 RMS and 10 of the 19 LMS. (Desmin antigenicity was judged to be lost in two RMS, since the vascular smooth-muscle tissue present in the specimens failed to react with these antibodies.) In LMS, desmin tended to show focal positivity, whereas the MSA in the same specimens was diffusely positive. These results demonstrate the utility of MAbs for confirmation of the muscle lineage of LMS and RMS in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. The results also indicate that, with the MAbs tested, the antigenicity of MSA is preserved more consistently than that of desmin in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue, and that MSA is a more sensitive marker for the detection of muscle differentiation than is desmin, especially in LMS. PMID- 3222257 TI - Lectin histochemistry of normal lung and pulmonary adenocarcinoma. AB - In order to evaluate the staining pattern of glycoconjugate profiles in adenocarcinomas of the lung, pulmonary adenocarcinomas were classified according to their: (a) degree of differentiation; (b) cellular subtyping and mucus secretion; and (c) immunohistochemical characteristics. Studies were performed on 42 pulmonary adenocarcinomas using eight lectins. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues were stained with avidin-biotin peroxidase complex methods. Four lectins [wheat germ (WGA), succinylated WGA (SucWGA), peanut (PNA) with neuraminidase (N) treatment, and Ricinus communis (RCA-I)] showed strong positive staining reactions in well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. Bronchial surface epithelial type, one of the subtypes among 26 cases of well- and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, displayed strong positive staining for WGA, SucWGA, PNA N(+), RCA-I, and Bandeirea simplicifolia (BSA-I). Goblet cell types stained positive for all lectins except Dolichos biflorus (DBA). Bronchial gland cell types also showed a strongly positive stain for WGA, SucWGA, soybean (SBA), PNA N(+), RCA-I, and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I). The lectin positive staining reaction was related to the degree of mucus secretion within the tumor cells. These results revealed that the glycoconjugate profile of pulmonary adenocarcinomas was basically sialic acid, together with N-acetyl-glucosamine and beta-D-galactose. The observation that UEA-I showed a strong staining reaction in mucus-producing adenocarcinomas, such as goblet cell and bronchial gland cell types, indicates that localization of alpha-L-fucose may be a specific carbohydrate from non-mucus-producing pulmonary adenocarcinomas. PMID- 3222258 TI - Practical approaches to the diagnosis of central nervous system tumors. PMID- 3222259 TI - Comparison of the maximum capacity for active sodium-potassium transport in the left and right ventricle of mammalian heart. PMID- 3222260 TI - Regulation of cardiac glycoside receptors with different affinities for cardiac glycosides in cultured rat heart cells. PMID- 3222262 TI - Cellular factors in development and differentiation. Embryos, teratocarcinomas, and differentiated tissues. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Cellular Endocrinology. Lake Placid, New York, August 30-September 2, 1987. PMID- 3222261 TI - Inotropic and toxic actions of several cardiac steroids in sheep cardiac tissues. PMID- 3222263 TI - [Colloid coupling and biologic availability of local anesthetics. 6. Mixed micelle formation of polysorbates]. PMID- 3222264 TI - [Senecioyldithranol and beta-carbethoxypropionyldithranol: synthesis and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition of two new 10-acyl derivatives of the antipsoriatic, dithranol]. PMID- 3222265 TI - [The adsorption and stability of preservatives in antacid suspensions. 1. Determination and influence on adsorption]. PMID- 3222266 TI - [Synthesis and resolution of chiral ring-opened serotonin analogs of the 5 hydroxykynuramine type]. PMID- 3222267 TI - [The classification of therapeutically used species of the genus Echinacea]. PMID- 3222268 TI - [Optimization of biomimetic oxidation reactions achieved with the aid of an iodosylbenzene and meso-tetraphenylporphinatoiron (III): application to antergan]. PMID- 3222269 TI - [Colloid coupling and biologic availability of local anesthetics. 5. Local anesthetic action and improvement of biologic availability in the lower-lip mucosa in man]. PMID- 3222270 TI - [Colloid combinations and biologic availability of local anesthetics. 7. Drug distribution behavior]. PMID- 3222271 TI - Effects of fetal urinary corticosteroids, catecholamines and kallikrein on PGE2 synthesis in monolayer cultures of human amnion and chorion cells. AB - We have studied the effects of several compounds isolated from fetal urine on the production of PGE2 by amnion and chorion cells which were maintained in primary monolayer culture. We conclude that desoxycorticosterone and vanillylmandelic acid stimulate PGE2 synthesis by amnion, but adrenaline and kallikrein increase the biosynthesis of PGE2 by chorion. These data suggest that human fetal urine could play a major role in events of parturition. PMID- 3222272 TI - Amniotic fluid prostaglandin E2 in preterm labor. AB - These studies were designed to determine amniotic fluid concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE) in women with preterm labor. Amniotic fluid was retrieved by transabdominal amniocentesis from 68 women with preterm labor (less than 37 weeks). Patients were divided into three groups according to the response to tocolysis and the presence or absence of an intraamniotic infection. Amniotic fluid concentrations of PGE2 were significantly greater in women with preterm labor and intraamniotic infection than in women without infection. Patients unresponsive to tocolysis without intraamniotic infection had a significantly greater concentration of PGE2 in amniotic fluid than those responsive to tocolysis. PMID- 3222273 TI - Morphine diminishes the constancy of spontaneous uterine contractions, antagonizes the positive inotropic effects of prostaglandin E2, but not of prostaglandin F2 alpha and inhibits prostaglandin E and F outputs from the uterus of ovariectomized rats. AB - The effects of morphine on the constancy of spontaneous contractions (isometric developed tension = IDT and contractile frequency = CF), in uterine strips isolated from ovariectomized rats and the influence of naloxone, were explored. The inotropic responses to added prostaglandins (PGs) E2 and F2 alpha and the influences of morphine and of morphine in the presence of naloxone on PG actions, were also determined. Moreover, the synthesis and outputs of PGs E and F from uteri and the effects of morphine alone and of morphine plus naloxone, were studied. Morphine (10(-6) M) significantly depressed uterine constancy of IDT during the first hours following delivery, but its action on CF did not differ from controls. Naloxone, neither at 10(-8) M nor at 10(-6) M, altered the negative inotropic influence of morphine on IDT. Exogenous PGs E2 and F2 alpha, stimulated uterine inotropism in a concentration-dependent fashion. Morphine altered dose-response curves for exogenous PGE2, evoking a parallel surmountable shift to the right, but did not affect the inotropic action of added PGF2 alpha. This antagonistic effect of the opioid was not altered by preincubation with naloxone. Basal synthesis and outputs of PGs E and F in uteri from ovariectomized rats were significantly depressed by morphine (10(-6) M) but not altered by incubating tissues with morphine in presence of naloxone. Results are discussed in terms of a presumptive dual action of morphine on uterine motility, i.e., antagonizing PGE2 receptors and inhibiting the synthesis of some PGs by the uterus. These influences of morphine do not appear to be subserved by the activation of mu opioid receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3222275 TI - Effect of elastase on blood pressure and urinary excretions of prostaglandins and catecholamines in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). AB - The effects of elastase on blood pressure (B.P.) and the urinary excretions of prostaglandins (PGs) and catecholamines in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) were investigated. Male SHRs (n = 20), castrated at 4 weeks of age, were divided into 2 groups. Elastase was then dissolved in saline (5 mg/ml) and injected subcutaneously (10 mg/kg of body weight) into the SHRs of one of the 2 groups (n = 10) at 5 to 13 weeks of age, and the same dose of saline only was injected subcutaneously into the SHRs of the other group (n = 10) as a control during the same period. B.P. was measured by the tail-cuff method every 2 weeks. Urine sampling and measurement of body weight (B.Wt.) were also performed every 2 weeks. The B.P. in the elastase-administered group (184.1 +/- 3.3 mmHg) was found to be significantly lower (p less than 0.02) than that of the control group (198.0. +/- 4.3) at 9 weeks of age. A significant difference (p less than 0.01) in B.P. between the control group (204.0 +/- 4.5) and the elastase-administered group (187.3 +/- 2.7) was also observed at 13 weeks of age. The urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in the control group (5.1 +/ 0.4 ng/day/100 g B.Wt.) at 11 weeks of age was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than that of the elastase-administered group (10.4 +/- 1.3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3222274 TI - Glomerular eicosanoid production in acute serum sickness nephritis. AB - To determine if the induction of immune-mediated glomerular injury influences the formation of glomerular cyclooxygenase products, we measured thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by isolated glomeruli of rabbits induced with acute serum sickness nephritis by the administration of bovine serum ablumin (BSA). Animals were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: animals injected with BSA (BSA group; n = 11); animals injected with normal saline (control group; n = 11); and animals injected with BSA which were treated with the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, OKY-046 (BSA + OKY-046; n = 6). Animals in the BSA and BSA + OKY groups developed severe proteinuria and glomerular histologic lesions of nephritis. No differences in proteinuria, serum creatinine and severity of histologic nephritis were observed between the two groups. Examination of glomerular eicosanoid production at the end of the experiment showed a marked reduction of glomerular PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production with a smaller reduction of glomerular TXB2 production in the BSA group. In the BSA + OKY-046 group, the production of TXB2 was significantly less than that in the BSA group; despite this, no effect on proteinuria could be discerned. PMID- 3222276 TI - Re: Cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity. The role of thromboxane A2. PMID- 3222277 TI - X-ray studies on piroxicam modifications. AB - The anti-inflammatory drug piroxicam, 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)2H-1,2- benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide, crystallizes in three different forms, two anhydrates and one monohydrate. Crystal structure analyses of the monohydrate and one of the anhydrate were carried out by Bordner et al. and Kojic-Prodic et al., respectively. In this paper the results of the analysis of the third piroxicam modification and of an independently performed structure determination of the monohydrate are reported. Molecular structures and hydrogen bonding of all modifications are discussed. PMID- 3222278 TI - Studies of neutralizing properties of antacid preparations. Part 4: Application of Weibull distribution function to neutralization of dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate. AB - The rate of neutralization of hydrochlorid acid by dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate (DHASC) has been studied by pH-stat method. The neutralization process was examined by monitoring the appearance of aluminum and sodium ions in the reaction medium. The Weibull distribution function was applied to the quantitative interpretation of neutralization rate data. All mathematically meaningful parameters derived from this distribution function were useful for consideration of the mechanism according to which the neutralization of DHASC occurs. PMID- 3222279 TI - Release and rectal absorption of ethosuximide from suppositories in rabbits. AB - Ethosuximide was formulated in different suppository bases. In vitro release experiment demonstrated more rapid and higher release of the drug from water soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG) bases than from Witepsol fatty bases. Rectal administration in PEG 400:4000 and 400:6000 to rabbits gave high plasma levels where Cmax was 45.66 and 42.66 micrograms.ml-1, respectively; while, in the presence of Witepsol E76 and W35 it was 34.00 and 28.33 micrograms.ml-1, respectively. The systemic availability was 89.39%, 82.72%, 58.80% and 47.45% when the bases were PEG 400:4000, PEG 400:6000, Witepsol E76 and Witepsol W35, respectively. PMID- 3222280 TI - Studies on dressings for mucosa of oral cavity. Part 1: Influence of hydrophilizing substances on xerogel properties of dressings comprising Kunitz protease inhibitor. AB - 2% methylcellulose gel solutions containing Kunitz protease inhibitor and increasing concentrations of glycerol or 1,2-propylene glycol were spread on semipermeable membrane. After evaporation of water from the gel solutions, dressings consisting of 1 or 2 mg of methylcellulose have been prepared. In these dressings, the ratio of hydrophilizing agent to methylcellulose ranged from 0.5:1 to 8:1. The thickness of the dressings is proportional to methylcellulose and hydrophilizing substance concentration/cm2 surface area. Water diffusion rates fo the dressings are similar and concentrations of hydrophilizing agent per surface unit area have not significant influence on the process. Kunitz protease inhibitor is liberated in two stages and follows first order reaction kinetics in dependence upon the hydrophilizing agent used. With the dressings, containing 100 micrograms inhibitor/cm2, peridontosis was treated within 2 weeks without any irritating effects on gingival mucosa. PMID- 3222281 TI - [Triperiden (Norakin): biotransformation in vivo and in vitro]. AB - After oral application of triperiden (1; Norakin) to male Wistar rats besides the unchanged isomers of 1 (1a and 1b, respectively [3]) six hydroxy metabolites and an artifact were isolated from urine and also identified in faeces. All metabolites are hydroxy derivatives of the piperidine and the tricyclic moieties of the molecule 1a. No hydroxylation of the phenyl ring was observed. 10-20% of the metabolites were sulfate and/or glucuronide conjugates. Main metabolites were 2 and 3 (greater than 50% of the total excretion products). About 70% of 1a, 1b and metabolites were excreted with the urine. The in vivo metabolites also could be identified in the 9000 g supernatant of rat and human liver homogenates. PMID- 3222282 TI - [Biotransformation of denaverin (Spasmalgan) in the rat]. AB - After oral application of denaverine hydrochloride to rats (200-250 mg/kg) 12 metabolites have been detectecd in urine. Besides the unchanged drug, 8 metabolites were identified by MS as 2,2-diphenyl-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) acetate (3), diphenylacetic (5) and benzilic acid (6); methyl-and ethyl [2-(2 ethylbutoxy)-2,2-diphenyl]acetate (7, 11), methylbenzilate (10), N-demethyl-1 (12) and 3,3-diphenyl-morpholin-2-one (13). 6 and the metabonate 13 represent the main metabolic products. Compounds 7 and 11 indicate the metabolic pathway about an alkoxybenzilic acid (4). Phenols resp. conjugates were not detected. PMID- 3222283 TI - The effect of a saturated fat diet on pentobarbital induced sleeping time and phospholipid composition of mouse brain and liver. AB - Mice maintained for 48 d on a diet containing 10% partially hydrogenated coconut oil (PHCO) slept more than twice as long as mice maintained on a standard, laboratory mouse chow (CHOW) diet when injected i.p. with pentobarbital. At this time, the liver of mice maintained on the PHCO diet exhibited a decrease in the mol% of phosphatidylethanolamine and an increase in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol compared to the liver of control animals. In the brain, no changes in phospholipid composition were detected. However, in both brain and liver, alterations in the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid classes were observed, with eicosatrienoic acid (20:3, n-9) increasing and the polyunsaturates, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3), decreasing significantly. These changes in lipids of the brain and liver may be related to the prolonged sleeping time of the animals on the PHCO diet by altering the metabolism of pentobarbital in the liver and/or altering the sensitivity of the brain membranes to the presence of the drug. PMID- 3222284 TI - In vitro cytotoxic activity of aryl and heteroaryl-ONN-azoxycyanides. AB - Some aryl-N(O) = N-X and heteroaryl-N(O) = N-CN compounds were synthetized and tested against a culture of HeLa cells. The results obtained show that the - N(O) = N beta CN function, a new cytostatic group, is useful in the design of potential antitumoral compounds. PMID- 3222286 TI - Evaluation of some arylhydrazones of N2-arylidenebenzylic acid hydrazide as antimicrobial agents. PMID- 3222285 TI - The effect of amrinone on LDH release and perfusion pressure in isolated ischemic rabbit hearts. AB - Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused normoxically or ischemically using the technique of Langendorff. The hearts were perfused with a modified Krebs Henseleit solution, perturbated with 95% O2/5% CO2 or in case of ischemia with N2 which replaced the O2. The perfusion rate was 25 ml/min under normoxic and 2.5 ml/min under ischemic conditions. The oxygen pressure was about 65 kPa in the normoxic and about 6 kPa in the ischemic medium. Reperfusion of ischemic hearts was realized in some cases normoxically. During the ischemic perfusion and reperfusion LDH was released time depended into the perfusion medium and the aortic inflow pressure increased. The LDH release and the increase of the inflow pressure are strong correlated. Both parameters direct to ischemic myocardial lesions. Amrinone applied as bolus in the start period of ischemia or as an infusion during the ischemic and reperfusion time limited the release of LDH and the increase of the inflow pressure. The results were discussed as a direct protecting effect of amrinone against a myocardial ischemic lesion, which is in correspondence with the improving effects of amrinone on the ischemia caused heart failure of canines in vivo, shown by Campbell et al. PMID- 3222287 TI - Isolation and characterization of streptavidin. PMID- 3222288 TI - Preparation of multi-chamber Gastrointestinal Diffusion System for metoprolol tartrate. PMID- 3222290 TI - [Discovery of a surprising analgesic effect of gamma-butyrolactone]. PMID- 3222291 TI - [French Society of Phlebology. Plenary session. 19 March 1988, Paris. Proceedings]. PMID- 3222289 TI - [In vivo antitumor activity of 5-hydroxy 3,4-dihydro naphthalene 1,8-carbolactone and its derivatives]. PMID- 3222292 TI - [The physiology and physiopathology of the venous system in the obese]. AB - The question of knowing to what extent varices occur more frequently in obese, rather than in non-obese, patients is answered variously in the epidemiological studies carried out. But if pathological venous conditions originate in, or are aggravated by, obesity, the question is raised: to what extent is the venous circulation modified by obesity? The authors discuss the factors at play in venous circulation in the obese patient. The effect of super alimentation on the venous system is demonstrated in the autopsy statistics on the occurrence of fatal pulmonary embolism, compared with the general nutrition index. PMID- 3222293 TI - [The flow of venous blood in the obese]. AB - The increase of adipose tissue disturbs the cutaneous venous circulation. In the normal subject, this flow, in the subcutaneous space, occurs between two networks joined by drainage veins. The responsible motor forces are multiple (residual arteriolar pressure, negative transmural pressure) (effect of compression). In the obese patient, hypertrophy of the adipose tissue-mass damages the drainage veins and provokes stasis, evolving in two stages: at first the disorders are reversible (venous dilatation); then definitive tissular damage occurs (epidermis, plexus, veins, muscles, fatty masses). This disintegration accounts for the clinical symptoms (oedema, varicose veins, trophic disorders). There are three conclusions to be drawn from this: adiposity will always be accompanied by venous insufficiency; it is dangerous to make a long-overweight patient reduce weight; adiposity must be treated very early on. PMID- 3222294 TI - [Difficulties of clinical tests of the veins in an obese subject]. PMID- 3222295 TI - [Difficulties of functional exploration of the veins in the obese. Problems that may be posed in its interpretation]. AB - Obesity modifies the tissular anatomy and the mechanical characteristics of the limb. Because of this, there are difficulties in the interpretation of results produced by techniques designed to explore the venous functioning of the limbs. Our work has two main objectives. First of all a retrospective study shows that venous plethysmography is comparably sensitive in the obese patient with regard to the diagnosis of phlebitis (90% in the obese patient; 95% in the non-obese). As regards specific detail, however, it is not as good in the case of the obese patient (88.7% against 97.5%). Another, prospective, study on the normal, that is non-varicose, subject (obese and non-obese), enables us to analyse parameters modified by obesity, certain false positives in venous distensibility. PMID- 3222296 TI - [The postphlebitic syndrome in the obese]. AB - It has been shown that the frequency of deep thromboses of the lower limbs increases with the weight of the patient. Post-phlebitic syndromes ought, therefore, to occur more frequently in obese patients. On the other hand, the role of ponderal overloading as an exacerbating factor in post-phlebitic syndrome can only be proved indirectly. PMID- 3222297 TI - [Functional explorations of the veins in the obese with superficial venous insufficiency]. PMID- 3222298 TI - [Phlebographic data of the lower extremities in the obese]. PMID- 3222300 TI - [Difficulties with compression dressings in the obese]. PMID- 3222299 TI - [Thermogenesis and obesity: molecular aspects]. AB - The energizing balance of the body is the result of intake and output of energy. Intake corresponds to eating and output corresponds to basal metabolism, physical exercise and heat production. Recent studies conducted on man suggest that obesity could be associated with a lack of heat production. Thus, a decreased thermogenic consumption associated with eating could contribute to the development of obesity. This hypothesis seems valid as far as obese rodents are concerned. In this case, it is a known fact that a specific organ, the brown fatty tissue, main effector of the thermogenesis induced by cold and eating. The molecular mechanisms of heat production by the brown fatty tissue, have been recently explained. Brown adipocytes are present in man, but their specific contribution to the energizing balance or imbalance is not yet established. This will be subject of further studies. PMID- 3222302 TI - [Does obesity modify surgical indications in the treatment of varices?]. PMID- 3222301 TI - [The limits of effective sclerotherapy in the obese]. AB - The sclerosant treatment of varices in the obese patient is generally approached with apprehension, and regarded as ineffectual. In its clinical reality, however, despite some particular problems, sclerosis of distended saphenous veins in their terminal section does not pose a problem in a patient whose overweight is less than 50% of the ideal weight per height. Between 50% and 100%, the realisation of effective sclerotherapy demands particular and rigorous examination, treatment and control techniques, as are described. Over 100% of excess weight, an effective sclerosis is only very rarely possible, and will prove to be uncertain in both execution and follow-up. This mode of treatment no longer occupies the forefront of therapeutic problems. PMID- 3222303 TI - [Does obesity modify surgical technics?]. AB - This paper expounds, according to the author's personal experience, the tactical and technical modalities in varicose surgery on the obese patient. The need to remain safe as well as effective leads in particular to a preference for loco regional anaesthetic (peridural, spinal anaesthetic) over general anaesthetic, and to avoid wherever possible operations on the patient in the ventral decubitus position. For venous complexes of the popliteal space which have to be operated, an extremely precise anatomical schema has to be drawn up, by dint of a very thorough clinical examination, whose results will be further refined using echography and phlebography; in most cases, it will be possible to tackle them postero-internally, the patient in the dorsal decubitus position, or even in lateral decubitus. Special attention is given here, according to the type of varicosity to be operated, the best location for cutaneous incisions and modalities of reclosing, taking into account cicatrization problems encountered in this region. PMID- 3222304 TI - [The thigh of the obese]. PMID- 3222305 TI - [Surgery of lipodystrophy]. AB - Resection of the hypodermis of the internal face of the thigh carries with it the risk of oedema through the destruction of the lymph collectors. This complication is avoided: by locating the incision behind the course of the vessels; by leaving a fine layer of hypodermis covering the aponeurosis and possibly containing lymph ducts. PMID- 3222306 TI - [Postoperative complications of surgery of the veins of the lower extremities in the obese]. AB - The ballottement of adipose tissue in the leg has certain typical post-operative consequences: enlarged bruises, deep haematoma, canalicular haematoma, and sub cutaneous induration are frequent and difficult to prevent using compression, which is often ineffective. PMID- 3222307 TI - [Precautions to be taken from the anesthesiologic point of view during venous surgery in the obese]. AB - Certain precautions must be taken in venous surgery on the obese patient, as obesity is always accompanied by a number of particular pathological manifestations: haemodynamic disorders (breakdown of the functioning of the left ventricle and hypovolemia), or respiratory disorders (reduction of residual functional capacity and of expiratory volume of the reserve). The posture of the patient on the operating table can also exacerbate the operative risk. Prior to the operation, respiratory functional exploration and gymnastics therefore play an important role. The anaesthetic has to take account of certain considerations. After the operation, the main risk is of respiratory deficiency. PMID- 3222309 TI - [Physiopathology of leg pain]. AB - The real definition of pain, the mechanism of its genesis and the relation with its nociception are now very developed, even to the point of being extremely finely nuanced. The author explains the structure and physiopathology of the nociceptive system, the nociceptors, the role of the neurons in the posterior horn and the spinothalamic duct, and the function of the cerebral cortex. After analysing the international definition of the pain symptom, the author underlines the significance of the subjective component, suffering. There follows an analysis of the specific characteristics of superficial and deep pain (somatic and visceral), of psychical and central pain. The discriminative, affective, emotive, motor vegetative sensorial components and the psychomotor are explained. Finally the mechanism of the genesis of leg pain is examined, with emphasis on the important difference between nociceptive, neurological and projected pain. PMID- 3222308 TI - [Chronic venous insufficiency of the adipose limb]. PMID- 3222310 TI - [Benelux Society of Phlebology. Ghent, 27 February 1988. Proceedings]. PMID- 3222311 TI - [Technical possibilities in the treatment of leg pain]. PMID- 3222312 TI - [Limb pain due to congenital trapping of the popliteal artery]. AB - Two patients with popliteal artery entrapment including one bilateral were operated on in the Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Unit at the UCL between January 1987 and February 1988. Both patients complained of severe intermittent claudication. One of the entrapments resulted from internal deviation of the vessel. The two others were secondary to excessively external insertion of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. These preoperative findings correlated with preoperative CT scan. A section of the medial head of the gastrocnemius resulted in complete liberation of the popliteal artery in each case. In addition, a popliteal thromboendarterectomy was performed in one patient and a lumbar sympathectomy in the other. PMID- 3222313 TI - [Pain in arterial pathology]. AB - Pain in arterial pathology is classified according to pathogeny: true arterial pain (embolism, spasm); vasomotor pain, in particular the fact of reactional vasodilation during Raynaud's syndrome, inflammation in the region surrounding zones of ischemic necrosis, and infection of ulcers; ischemia of sense receptors, pain of short duration in the case of acute ischemia, giving way to anesthesia, the intermittent pain of compensated chronic ischemia (Fontaine's stage II), and the constant pain of uncompensated chronic ischemia (stage III); pain due to arterial compression, trapped arteries, muscular contractions; cortical pain, so called 'phantom pain', sensation-memory of the pain fixed in the cortex or more often irritation of the nerves in the stump. PMID- 3222314 TI - [Internal tibial pain in runners]. AB - Certain pains located along the internal boundary of the tibia in its middle third appear sometimes in young athletes who have come to racing comparatively late. The pains improve with rest, but nevertheless end up by being subintrant. The worst pain is located at the tibial insertion point of the common flexor of the toes, and of the soleus muscle. An accentuation of tarsal pronation often accompanies the pain syndrome, this in turn sometimes being accompanied by excessive valgisation of the back of the foot. Torsion disorders of the lower limb are another component of the picture. Intensive training and certain propulsion exercises on tiptoe seem to trigger off these disorders. Radiography can show moniliform cortical adaptations. Bone scintigraphies using marked technetate mainly show the areas of longitudinal hypercaptation on the internal boundary of the tibia. Pain is triggered off by the excessive use of the common flexor of the toes and by partial rupture of the aponeurosis at the point of tibial insertion of the soleus. The pressure measurements of the deep posterior space do not suggest a lodge syndrome; however, certain histopathological pictures do suggest the existence of an ischemical phenomenon. The orthopaedic treatment is based on an understanding of the deficient mechanisms functioning during foot pressure on the ground in racing. Corrective footwear and slow, gradual training techniques can help with these problems. Sometimes the pains become resistant to all conservative treatment and will respond favourably to an aponeurotomy associated with partial disinsertion of the soleus and common flexor of the toes. PMID- 3222315 TI - [Venous pain]. AB - Venous pain is exceptionally little known and is described only vaguely and imprecisely. It can be elaborated as follows: venous pain is a chronic, heteroclitic and composite pain. All venous pain is, by definition, individual and open to considerable subjectivity. Venous deficiency ends up by altering the functioning of other organs which depend on it for their metabolism. The pain which arises will, because of this, be a composite pain. The two principal types of venous deficiency are described, as well as the extremely important role played by the sense receptors which as far as possible equilibrate the circulation as it becomes more and more deficient and inefficient. The nociceptors are not apparent until late on, when the danger of destruction or tissular damage is imminent or has already begun. The author explains in detail, and in three developed stages, the progress of the degradation of the return circulation, the causes, the symptoms, and why pain appears to replace chronic discomfort. PMID- 3222316 TI - [Therapy using stanozolol and measurement of transcutaneous oxygen]. PMID- 3222317 TI - [Painful fatigue of the legs due to retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 3222318 TI - [A clinical case of thrombophlebitis migrans]. PMID- 3222319 TI - [The vein of the sciatic nerve. Clinical and therapeutic impact]. PMID- 3222320 TI - [Prevention of venous thromboses and cutaneous necroses using physical methods and pressure therapy in the surgery of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs]. AB - The surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency in the lower limbs, whether it is a case of so-called 'essential' varices or of post-phlebitic disorders, presents a certain number of risks of venous thrombosis and especially of cutaneous necrosis or of cicatricial detachment in operations of the Lindon or Felder type. Given a less significant set-back, it has been suggested that restorative surgery of the deep venous network, valve repair or insertion of a valvulated section, should be used in the treatment of post-phlebitic illness. Promising results have been obtained through specific kinesitherapy, involving a Leduc type manual lymph drainage together with pressotherapy, in the preparation of patients and in post-operative follow-up care. PMID- 3222321 TI - [Evaluation of the results of a sclerosing treatment. Concordance between 2 examiners]. AB - With the aim of determining criteria by which results of a sclerosant treatment could be assessed in a multicentric study, 35 sapheno-femoral junctions (26 long saphenous veins and 9 short saphenous veins) treated by sclerotherapy beforehand, were controlled separately and confidentially by two examiners, first clinically, then using the Doppler. The concordance rates were analysed for each of the tests carried out: fascial palpation, clinical and ultrasound percussive permeability, clinical and ultrasound search for reflux, measurement of length of reflux. The results confirm the superiority of the Doppler technique, both in the diagnosis of ostial permeability and reflux (concordance superior at 90% as opposed to 68 to 80% for the clinical tests), and in the quantification of the reflux (strong positive correlation, r = 0.83, between the values given by the two examiners). The doppler technique provides an excellent concordance of differentiated clinical sensibility between the examiners. The permeability, by Doppler, and the length of the audible reflux are proposed as criteria for assessment of the result of a sclerosant treatment, during the follow-up. PMID- 3222323 TI - [Microsurgical treatment of telangiectasis]. PMID- 3222325 TI - Photosensitizers in organized media: singlet oxygen production and spectral properties. PMID- 3222324 TI - Resonance Raman spectra of the Pr-form of phytochrome. PMID- 3222322 TI - [Varices caused by ostial insufficiency of the internal saphenous vein]. PMID- 3222326 TI - Synthetic porphyrins at interfaces; photosensitization and related reactions of atropisomers of o-substituted tetraphenylporphine derivatives in films, reversed micelles and membranes. PMID- 3222327 TI - Superoxide dismutase as an amplifier of the chemical reactivity of porphyrin radical-cations. PMID- 3222328 TI - Binding, excitation energy transfer and photosensitization in griseofulvin-DNA mixtures. PMID- 3222329 TI - The photophysics of merocyanine 540. A comparative study in ethanol and in liposomes. PMID- 3222330 TI - Cooperation of quercetin with ascorbate in the protection of photosensitized lysis of human erythrocytes in the presence of hematoporphyrin. PMID- 3222331 TI - Impaired repair of UVC-induced DNA damage in L5178Y-R cells: DNA unwinding studies with the use of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine. PMID- 3222332 TI - A role for menadione in the purple membrane proton pump? PMID- 3222333 TI - The interpretation of the electron spin resonance spectrum obtained by ultraviolet irradiation of the photoallergen bithionol. PMID- 3222334 TI - Photochemistry of 4-thiouridine and thymine. PMID- 3222335 TI - Photochemical oxidation of vindoline and 16-O-acetylvindoline. PMID- 3222336 TI - Photophysical properties of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin and some meso tetra(hydroxyphenyl)porphyrins. PMID- 3222337 TI - Light-induced electrical effects in a liquid crystal BLM containing TCNQ. PMID- 3222338 TI - Antiviral properties of photosensitizers. PMID- 3222339 TI - Induction of DNA-protein cross-links in Chinese hamster cells by the photodynamic action of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine and visible light. PMID- 3222341 TI - In vitro photosensitizing properties of rhodamine 123 on different human tumor cell lines. PMID- 3222340 TI - Protection of Ustilago violacea from toluidine blue photosensitization and hydrogen peroxide induced killing and mitotic recombination by carotenes. PMID- 3222344 TI - Photolysis of the single tryptophan residue of eel troponin C. PMID- 3222342 TI - Immunoassay of DNA damage. PMID- 3222343 TI - Interaction of enzyme-generated species with chlorophyll-alpha and probes bound to serum albumins. PMID- 3222345 TI - Sunlight-induced pyrimidine dimers in human skin fibroblasts in comparison with dimerization after artificial UV-irradiation. PMID- 3222346 TI - Photoexcitation of zinc phthalocyanine in mouse myeloma cells: the observation of triplet states but not of singlet oxygen. PMID- 3222347 TI - Green hemoprotein of erythrocytes: methemoglobin superoxide transferase. AB - Influences of base (pH 10), heat (50 degrees C), microwave radiation (2450 MHz, 103 +/- 4 W/kg), and hydrogen peroxide (5.6 mM) generated by glucose oxidase on oxidation of human oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin were examined. Conversion of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin was followed by the difference in absorbancy of 540 or 542 nm and 576 nm wavelength light versus time. Fresh basic hemolysates auto-oxidized on heating with a zero order rate constant, implying that hemoglobin or another protein saturated with oxyhemoglobin catalyzed the oxidation. Simultaneous microwave irradiation inhibited thermally induced auto oxidation on the average by 28.6%. However, there was great variability among samples and a decrease in auto-oxidation with aging of individual samples. The auto-oxidation rate was independent of initial oxyhemoglobin concentration. Oxidation of partially purified oxyhemoglobin by hydrogen peroxide was not influenced by microwave irradiation. Adding green hemoprotein isolated from human erythrocytes to the oxyhemoglobin/glucose oxidase reaction mixture yielded absorption spectra (500-600 nm) that were a combination of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and methemoglobin spectra. Green hemoprotein was labile in hemolysates but stable in a partially purified ferric form. These results imply that thermally unstable reduced green hemoprotein can reverse oxidation of oxyhemoglobin by hydrogen peroxide and could mediate the thermally induced and microwave inhibited auto-oxidation of oxyhemoglobin. PMID- 3222348 TI - Effect of radiofrequency radiation on mRNA expression in cultured rodent cells. AB - Four rodent cell lines were exposed to 2450 MHz microwave radiation at a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of 103.5 +/- 4.2 W/kg for varying lengths of time at 37 degrees, 40 degrees, 42 degrees and 45 degrees C. mRNA was extracted from microwave-exposed and sham-exposed cells and dot blotted or Northern blotted to nitrocellulose. Radioisotope labelled DNA probes of oncogenes, heat shock protein or long terminal repeat sequences were hybridized to the mRNA, and the resulting autoradiographs analyzed for differences in levels of mRNA expression between exposed and nonexposed samples. With the cell lines and probes used in this study no significant differences in mRNA expression were observed after microwave exposure. PMID- 3222349 TI - Thermal responses to 5.6-GHz radiofrequency radiation in anesthetized rats: effect of chlorpromazine. AB - Anesthetized rats were exposed to 5.6-GHz continuous wave radiofrequency radiation at an average power density of 60 mW/cm2 (average specific absorption rate 12 W/kg). Exposure was performed to raise colonic temperature from 38.5 to 39.5 degrees C. Following acute administration of chlorpromazine, body temperature exhibited a faster return to baseline temperature when exposure was discontinued. When exposure was initiated at 38.5 degrees C and continued until lethal temperatures resulted, chlorpromazine-treated animals exhibited significantly shorter survival times than saline-treated animals. Thus, although chlorpromazine enhanced thermo-regulatory efficiency at colonic temperatures below 39.5 degrees C, the drug caused increased susceptibility to terminal radiofrequency radiation exposure. The present results, when compared to previous studies of irradiation at 2.8 GHz, indicate that the effects of chlorpromazine on thermal responses to RFR during intermittent and terminal exposure are similar at both 2.8 and 5.6 GHz. PMID- 3222350 TI - Proton magnetic resonance studies of the binding of oligopeptides containing tryptophan to polyribonucleotides poly A, poly U and poly C. AB - The binding of oligopeptides Lys-Trp-Gly-Lys OtBu, Lys-Gly-Trp-Lys OtBu and Lys Trp-Lys to Polyadenylic, Polycytidylic and Polyuridylic acid has been studied by Proton NMR at 90 MHz and 500 MHz at oligopeptide/Polynucleotide ratios ranging from 0.01 to 0.20 at 275-365 K. Downfield shift of 0.01-0.2 ppm at 296 K of the H2, H8 and H1' resonances of Poly A due to binding with oligopeptides is accompanied by a marked narrowing of resonance lines of Poly A. The ring protons of tryptophan shift upfield by 0.3-0.6 ppm at 296 K on binding to Poly A. Changes in chemical shift of both adenine and tryptophan protons on binding are much smaller at 355 K than that at 275 K. These observations are ascribed to intercalation of the tryptophan ring in the adenine bases resulting in partial destacking of adenine bases in Poly A. Using the magnetic anisotropy ring current shifts, an overlap geometry of tryptophan ring in the adenine has been proposed. Addition of oligopeptides to Poly C and Poly U, on the other hand, suggests that tryptophan ring does not stack in Poly U and Poly C. PMID- 3222351 TI - Value of correlation of cell type and T1 values to clinical magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow. PMID- 3222353 TI - The influence of steroid hormones on competing sexual and ingestive behavior in the male rat. AB - Water replete rats allowed restricted access to a sweet nonnutritive solution (0.2% Acesulfame-K) spend about one third of their time drinking it. This ingestive response is markedly inhibited if the male rat is simultaneously presented with an estrous female, but not an anestrous female or another male, despite the fact that there is sufficient time for both sexual and ingestive behaviors to occur. Castration and the subsequent decline in sexual behavior is accompanied by an increase in Acesulfame ingestion in the presence of a receptive female. Treatment with testosterone reverses both these effects. Similarly treatment of castrate males with DHT and estradiol (the active metabolites of testosterone) maintains both full sexual behavior and suppression of the ingestive response. However, the steroid requirements for sexual activity do not correspond completely with those for the sexually-induced suppression of ingestive behavior. Treatment of castrate males with estradiol alone maintains mounting behavior (but no intromissions or ejaculations) but does not suppress ingestive behavior in the presence of a receptive female--indeed under these suboptimal hormone conditions sexual behavior appears to be reduced in the presence of Acesulfame. Steroid hormones, therefore, have at least two effects upon sexual behavior. They enable certain aspects of sexual behavior such as intromissions and ejaculations, and also alter the animal's priority of response to two competing (ingestive and sexual) stimuli. PMID- 3222352 TI - The spontaneously hypertensive rat's preference for salted foods. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats drink mild salt (NaCl) solutions in preference to plain water. In contrast, rats of this strain are less likely to show preferences when salt is tested in food. Others have established that rats of the spontaneously hypertensive strain (SHR) have greater preferences for salt water than do their normotensive counterparts (WKY). The question addressed in the present research was whether SHR rats would show an enhanced salted food preference when compared with WKY rats. SHR and WKY rats were given choices between a variety of salted and unsalted foods. When tested with potato chips, no major strain differences in salt preferences were observed; depending on concentrations, rats ate either equal amounts of salted and unsalted chips or avoided salted chips. However, when tested with liquid milk products (heavy cream and half & half), SHR rats showed both higher salt preferences and consumed more salt. The SHR actually preferred these products salted, whereas the WKY rats, like Sprague-Dawley rats, never ate more salted milk than plain milk. When tested with skim milk, SHR and WKY did not differ; both preferred the milk salted. In order to test the effect of physical state (or texture) upon salt preference, the skim milk was gelled. Salt preferences of the SHR rats fell to 50% whereas the salt preferences of the WKY rats remained unchanged. PMID- 3222354 TI - Suckling stimulation modulates the maintenance of postpartum aggression in mice. AB - Previous work in female mice has shown that suckling stimulation is essential for the initiation of male-directed aggression during the immediate postpartum period. The present work examined the importance of this stimulus for the maintenance of aggression during lactation. Surgical excision of nipples (thelectomy) on Postpartum Day 5 accelerates the decline in aggression that ordinarily occurs during the final third of lactation (Postpartum Days 15-21), but does not disrupt the behavior during the middle third of lactation (Postpartum Days 6-12). Thus, both the initiation of aggression during the early postpartum period and the maintenance of the behavior during late lactation are controlled by suckling from young. PMID- 3222355 TI - Behavioral and physiologic effects of early nutrition and social factors in the rat. AB - Two experimental methods to provoke caloric restriction during suckling were used. Each of the methods utilized two different rat groups: Low Growth (LG) and High Growth (HG). In one method, the groups also differed in a social factor, litter size: crowded (Cr) and control (Co). Growth differences and high levels of social competition were found among pups of the crowded group with Low Growth (CrLG) compared to the group with High Growth and small litters (CoHG). Both methods resulted in growth differences between respective groups from the first week of suckling. Differences in animal groups persisted forty days after weaning. LG animals had higher defecation scores with lower activity in the open field test, higher susceptibility to restraint ulcers and adrenal hypertrophy than HG rats, in litters of equal size. However, early stimulation from social competition among pups in larger different litters in CrLG group counteracted nutritional factor effects. Elevated open-field defecation and ulceration scores with adrenal hypertrophy were found in CoHG rats. PMID- 3222356 TI - Behavioral effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin II-(4-8)-pentapeptide in rats. AB - One nM of angiotensin II (AII) or angiotensin II-(4-8)-pentapeptide [AII(4-8)] given intracerebroventricularly did not affect locomotor and exploratory behavior of rats in open field. AII significantly increased and AII(4-8) did not affect vertical activity of animals in electromagnetic motimeter. Neither of the peptides influenced horizontal activity in the motimeter. Both peptides intensified stereotypy produced by apomorphine and amphetamine. AII significantly improved, while AII(4-8) did not affect, consolidation of memory of the correct way to food in T-maze. Similarly, AII increased and AII(4-8) did not change the rate of acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses in a shuttle-box. Of the two examined peptides only AII significantly improved retrieval of memory of the passive avoidance behavior. The results show that AII(4-8) influences central dopaminergic system but, unlike its parent peptide AII, has no apparent effect on memory. PMID- 3222357 TI - Sleep patterns in a chelonian reptile (Gopherus flavomarginatus). AB - Individuals of Gopherus flavomarginatus, previously adapted to experimental conditions were chronically implanted for polygraphic recordings. Four different states of vigilance were observed:. Active wakefulness, quiet wakefulness, quiet sleep and active sleep. EEG was polymorphic and irregular showing a decreasing tendency in frequency and amplitude when passing from wakefulness to quiet sleep. Heart rate decreased with sleep but it was slightly higher during active sleep than quiet sleep. Motor automatisms were present during active sleep being sometimes accompanied by ocular movements. This sleep always appeared after long periods of quiet sleep. Its average duration from animal to animal varied between 9.15 and 13.62 sec. Reaction threshold increased during sleep. The conclusion is that Gopherus flavomarginatus shows two phases of sleep similar to slow and paradoxical sleep in mammals. PMID- 3222358 TI - Memory deficit in passive-avoidance learning in bulbectomized Long-Evans hooded rats. AB - Male and female Long-Evans hooded rats were subjected to either olfactory bulb damage or control surgery. Olfactory bulb removal resulted in increased mouse killing, increased irritability to handling, and increased open-field activity. In acquisition trials on a modified passive-avoidance apparatus, control animals habituated rapidly to the apparatus, while OB rats showed little evidence for habituation. All controls showed 24-hour retention of shock on the last acquisition trial, while OB rats showed the typical retention deficit, despite being given a behavioral alternative to withholding a response. The P-A deficit in OB rats appears to be a learning/memory deficit, not the result of heightened activity. PMID- 3222359 TI - Effects of caffeine on mood and memory. AB - The effects of caffeine on mood and memory tasks were investigated in a double blind study of 95 healthy young adults who were randomly assigned to three doses: 0, 200, and 400 mg of oral administration of caffeine. Subjects completed a battery of tasks once predrug and several times postdrug. Caffeine, in general, showed nonsignificant effects on cognitive, learning, and memory performance. The exception is that 200 mg caffeine facilitated performance on the relatively more difficult cancellation (addition and multiplication) tasks than the digit cancellation task. In addition caffeine decreased boredom and relaxation, and increased other ratings of subjective moods--anxiousness, tenseness, and nervousness. The reduction in boredom or fatigue is associated with the repetitive nature of the task and the period of time during which the tasks were repeated. In general, high-to-moderate users of caffeine recalled more words than low users, particularly at the beginning of the lists. Results are discussed in terms of the effects of caffeine on task difficulty and sensitivity and the relative potency of caffeine doses on behavior. User effect is suggested as an important consideration of memory assessment. PMID- 3222360 TI - Maze-learning behavior in early adrenalectomized rats. AB - Rats adrenalectomized (ADX) on day 11 of life display enhanced brain growth due, at least in part, to a stimulation of cell proliferation and myelinogenesis. The present study investigated some functional consequences of this treatment. Rats were ADX or sham-operated (SHAM) on postnatal day 11 and then tested in adulthood for their problem-solving ability in a Hebb-Williams maze. The mean number of errors committed by ADX rats was lower than that of the SHAM controls on every test problem of the maze. ADX subjects also left the start box more quickly and ran the maze faster than the controls. When a subset of these same subjects was tested for running wheel activity, the ADX animals showed greater baseline running behavior and also learned more readily to respond to a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. The remaining animals were subjected to carcass analysis, which revealed that ADX rats under the food-restricted conditions necessary for maze testing had a lower percentage of body fat and a higher relative water content than SHAMs. Although there may be some relationship between enhanced maze-learning performance and altered activity or motivation in the ADX animals, the overall results suggest that the performance of these subjects reflects a real difference in learning ability. The neural mechanisms underlying this difference remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3222361 TI - Changes in EEG associated with sleep-awake behavior in young adult versus aged adult Fischer-344 rats. AB - Age-related spontaneous cortical and hippocampal EEG changes associated with level of arousal in rats were investigated. The EEG of rats with chronically implanted electrodes were recorded using bipolar leads and simultaneously analyzed with a computer to obtain the power spectra. In the awake stage, EEGs in the aged rats consisted predominantly of slow waves when compared with those in the young rats. The cortical EEG activity of the aged rats exhibited specific irregular burst waves which consisted of two spectral peaks at 8-9 Hz and 15-16 Hz during the drowsy period. The relative powers of the cortical and hippocampal waves in the aged rats differed from those of the young rats during the slow-wave sleep stage. These findings suggest that the slowing of the EEG in the rats during the awake stage may be related to decreased brain activity associated with aging, and that the irregular burst waves in the cortical EEG in the aged rats appear to correlate with the changes observed in age-related human sleep patterns. PMID- 3222362 TI - Development of circadian rhythms in rats with lesions of serotonergic system. AB - In order to assess the role of the serotonergic system in the development of overt circadian rhythms in the rat, serotonin neurons in the brain were destroyed either by thermocoagulation of the median raphe (MRL) or by an intracerebroventricular injection of the neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT). The reductions in serotonin content induced by two manipulations with MRL and DHT were 41% and 100% in the striatum, 40% and 66% in the hypothalamus, and 62% and 88% in the hippocampus, respectively. Neither manipulation eliminated the expression of circadian rhythms in corticosterone (CS) secretion, locomotor activity and drinking behavior, and changed the phase relationship in the overt CS rhythm. Also, 5,7-DHT treatments did not significantly affect the free-running period in locomotor activity. However, the emergence of CS circadian rhythm was delayed for one week in both MRL and DHT groups compared to the intact control ones. These results suggested that a serotonergic system would not be essential for the generation of the endogenous rhythm and the photoentrainment of overt circadian rhythms, but seems to participate in the only development of CS rhythms during the early stage of life. PMID- 3222363 TI - Role of auditory cortex in the acquisition of differential heart rate conditioning. AB - Previous findings from our laboratory indicate that lesions of the auditory cortex disrupt the retention of differentially conditioned bradycardiac responses to tonal stimuli in rabbits. In the present experiment, the effect of lesions of the auditory cortex on the acquisition of differential bradycardiac conditioning was examined. The effect of lesions in the auditory cortex were compared to the effect produced by control lesions in the visual cortex. After 7 days of recovery, animals received 7 days of differential Pavlovian bradycardiac conditioning in which one tone (CS+) was paired with the unconditioned stimulus, and another tone (CS-) was never paired with the unconditioned stimulus. All animals demonstrated differential conditioning during the first 3 days of conditioning. On days 4-7, however, auditory cortex lesioned animals did not exhibit significant differential heart rate (HR) conditioning, whereas control animals with lesions in the visual cortex showed no loss of conditioning during this period. The loss of differential conditioning in animals with lesions in the auditory cortex appears to be due to an increase in the magnitude of the response to the CS-. These data support the hypothesis that the auditory cortex serves to inhibit the response to the CS- in differential conditioning of bradycardia to acoustic stimuli, and that the inhibition may be mediated by a descending corticothalamic or corticolimbic pathway. PMID- 3222364 TI - A compact and inexpensive device using an electronic calculator for measuring ambulatory activity in mice. AB - A device for measuring ambulatory activity in mice was developed. The device consisted of a plastic case, a bed plate, a step board (as a detector) and a calculator (as a recorder). A 2.2 cm width section was cut out from the middle of the case bottom in the direction of the minor axis and a step board, a width of 2 cm, was placed in the opening. A short bolt was screwed into one end of the step board and the head of the bolt was placed on the equal key of the calculator. The calculator counted the number of times the mouse stood on the step board. The validity of the device was demonstrated by measuring the effect of methamphetamine (1-4 mg/kg) on the ambulatory activity in mice. PMID- 3222365 TI - A comparison of two ulcerogenic techniques. AB - Long Evans rats 45, 130, or 280 days old were exposed either to a supine restraint or a water restraint treatment for two hr. This was followed by a 2-hr rest period. Core body temperature was recorded every 30 min. Stress-induced hypothermia was greatest in the water restraint treatment and in younger rats irrespective in both restraint conditions. The water restraint procedure as compared to the supine restraint produced significantly more ulcers in 130- and 280-day-old rats. PMID- 3222366 TI - Using the SAS language to build a computerized system for logging and tabulation of behavioral observations. AB - A simple SAS program is presented for tabulation of frequencies and durations of observed behaviors. A BASIC program for timed logging of events is also presented. Techniques are described for building a customized data analysis system based on these two programs. The SAS system permits the user to carry out complex tabulations and analyses without need to write intricate and error-prone routines for sorting data or handling time and date values. PMID- 3222367 TI - Diuresis mediated by the superior laryngeal nerve in rats. AB - Diuresis mediated by the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) was investigated using pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. A marked increase in urine flow was induced by application of water to the larynx. The diuretic effect of water was conspicuous during the first 30 min after the application and lasted for more than 1 hr. In contrast, a 160 mM solution of NaCl produced only slight diuresis. After bilateral sectioning of the SLNs, water-induced diuresis was considerably reduced. The results suggest that water fibers contained in the SLN may make a major contribution to the diuresis. PMID- 3222368 TI - Thyroid stimulatory action of (Z)-guggulsterone: mechanism of action. PMID- 3222369 TI - Studies on cardio-active crude drugs; I. Effect of coumarins on cultured myocardial cells. PMID- 3222370 TI - Effect of fenugreek and lupine seeds on the development of experimental diabetes in rats. PMID- 3222371 TI - Effects of the extracts of Ganoderma lucidum on blood glucose level in rats. PMID- 3222372 TI - Comparative hypotensive effects of compounds extracted from Lippia multiflora leaves. PMID- 3222373 TI - Teratological evaluation of Plectranthus fruticosus leaf essential oil. PMID- 3222374 TI - Studies on the relationship of structure to antimicrobial properties of diterpenoid compounds from Sideritis. PMID- 3222375 TI - Antitumor constituents from bulbs of Crocosmia crocosmiiflora. PMID- 3222376 TI - The cytotoxic principles of Prunella vulgaris, Psychotria serpens, and Hyptis capitata: ursolic acid and related derivatives. PMID- 3222377 TI - Cytotoxic diterpenes from the rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium. PMID- 3222378 TI - Studies on coumarins of a Chinese drug, "qian-hu"; VIII. Structures of new coumarin-glycosides of "bai-hua qian-hu". PMID- 3222379 TI - 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic studies of selected quassinoids. PMID- 3222380 TI - An antihypertensive chromone from Ptaeroxylon obliquum. PMID- 3222381 TI - Antisickling activity of Adansonia digitata. PMID- 3222382 TI - Antifungal constituents of Limonia acidissima. PMID- 3222383 TI - [Studies of the degree of liveliness and adequateness of emotion vs. emotional blunting in paranoid schizophrenia]. PMID- 3222384 TI - [Affective cryptosyntonic schizophrenia (tertiary schizophrenia)]. PMID- 3222386 TI - [Family therapy in Poland 1985-1986]. PMID- 3222385 TI - [Clinical studies of the role of stress situations in the psychopathological picture of the first episode of schizophrenia]. PMID- 3222387 TI - [Disorders of thermoregulation in endogenous depression syndromes (preliminary report)]. PMID- 3222388 TI - [Preliminary rheoencephalographic evaluation of cerebrovascular circulation in patients with depression during the treatment with thymoleptics (preliminary report)]. PMID- 3222389 TI - [Experience of the OBE type (out of body experience) in a patient with schizophrenia]. PMID- 3222390 TI - [Spontaneous drama therapy as a factor of discharging destructive impulses and acts]. PMID- 3222391 TI - [The role of the central dopaminergic system in the mechanisms of action of antidepressive drugs and electroconvulsive therapy]. PMID- 3222392 TI - [Alternative methods of the study of sleep in depression]. PMID- 3222393 TI - Lactate infusions in patients with bulimia. AB - We performed lactate infusions in 18 bulimic patients and 11 normal controls. On the basis of blind ratings, bulimic patients appeared to react to the infusion with greater anxiety than controls. The frequency of lactate-induced panic, per se, was lower in bulimic patients than rates reported for panic disorder patients. However, it would be premature to conclude that bulimia is not a heterogeneous syndrome which includes a group of patients who panic with lactate. PMID- 3222394 TI - CT scans and neuroleptic response in schizophrenia: a multidimensional approach. AB - Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia have been reported in a number of studies using computed tomography (CT). However, the prevalence and the localization of the abnormalities vary widely among studies. These discrepancies might stem from clinical and demographic differences among samples, from the choice of the CT parameters, or from the use of different criteria to define abnormalities. In an attempt to overcome these difficulties, we studied 12 CT parameters in 30 schizophrenic patients and 30 sex- and age-matched controls, and evaluated the data simultaneously through multidimensional scaling (MDS). MDS offers a graphic representation in which subtle deviations in the different CT parameters can be detected, independently of predetermined criteria for the definition of abnormalities. MDS distinguished 13 patients from the controls as having deviant values in one or more CT parameters. Five of these patients were first-onset schizophrenics. Patients with deviant CT parameters showed significantly poorer response to haloperidol therapy over 3 weeks than did patients without deviant CT parameters. Our results suggest that the MDS approach might be useful in identifying more precisely patients with and without structural brain abnormalities. PMID- 3222395 TI - Diurnal weight gain as a predictor of serum sodium concentration in patients with psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP syndrome). AB - Ten male patients (mean age 37.3 +/- 6.4 years) with psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP syndrome) underwent measurement of weight, sitting and standing blood pressure, and serum sodium concentration at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. weekly for 8 consecutive weeks. Blood pressure was higher in the afternoon than in the morning. The diurnal decrease in serum sodium (141.4 +/- 2.8 to 134.2 +/- 4.8 mEq/l) was associated with a diurnal increase in weight (78.4 +/- 9.7 to 80.0 +/- 10.3 kg). When the weight increase was normalized by dividing by 7 a.m. weight (NDWG), the following relationship evolved: diurnal serum sodium decrease = 3.060 + [201.728 x NDWG]. Therefore, NDWG accounted for 63.1% of the variability of serum sodium. Using the known relationship of plasma water, total body water, and total body weight, we calculated that antidiuresis (afternoon weight gain) accounted for 62.5% of afternoon hyponatremia. Thus, two separate methods of calculating the relationship between antidiuresis and hyponatremia provided remarkably similar findings. We derived a table to predict 4 p.m. serum sodium values based on 7 a.m. weight, 7 a.m. serum sodium, and 4 p.m. weight. PMID- 3222396 TI - Parental communication deviance: its relationship to parent, child, and family system variables. AB - Audiotape recordings of family interaction samples from 30 nondistressed and 32 multiproblem families were coded for communication deviance (CD). Maternal CD was found to be higher in families high on measures of "preschizophrenic" child behavior, externalizing or "acting out" offspring behavior, overall family distress, and maladaptive marital and family alliance structures. Paternal CD was found to be higher in families in which offspring were rated high on externalizing behaviors. PMID- 3222397 TI - Psychological profile and sleep organization in young subjects with poor quality of sleep. AB - The personality traits defined by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and sleep data were analyzed in 45 young subjects with poor quality of sleep. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group 1 had no T score greater than or equal to 70, Group 2 had one or more single T scores greater than or equal to 70, and Group 3 had T scores greater than or equal to 70 in one or more specific groups of scales. The first 2 nights of sleep were polygraphically recorded. Subjects in Group 1 were considered to be normal, those in Group 2 were characterized by depression and anxiety, and those in Group 3 had psychopathic personality traits and somatic disorders. Differences in sleep data were noted among groups. The severity of the sleep disorders was related to the degree of the psychological problems. PMID- 3222398 TI - Race and platelet MAO activity in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3222399 TI - Stress, locus of control, and achievement of high school seniors. PMID- 3222400 TI - Ethanol's effect on human vigilance during a simple task in the presence of an auditory stressor. PMID- 3222401 TI - Stress in a seminar on stress: a methodological study. PMID- 3222402 TI - Motivation: escape to freedom, the important ingredient in short-term psychotherapy. PMID- 3222403 TI - Effects of academic and psychosocial predictors of performance in medical school on coefficients of determination. PMID- 3222404 TI - Personality Inventory for Children: selected scales in differentiating conduct disordered and emotionally disturbed students. PMID- 3222406 TI - Contributions of animal studies of response prevention (flooding) to human exposure therapy. PMID- 3222407 TI - Meaningful life experiences for elderly persons. PMID- 3222405 TI - Preferences and perceived social norms for division of work and family responsibilities among Japanese college students. PMID- 3222408 TI - Child-abusing parents: factors associated with successful completion of treatment. PMID- 3222409 TI - Selected MMPI items that identified college women who reported early sexual abuse. PMID- 3222410 TI - Type A behavior, occupational and life demands, satisfaction, and well-being. PMID- 3222411 TI - Fear of failure and the Zeigarnik effect. PMID- 3222412 TI - Medical students' Edwards Personal Preference Schedule norms. PMID- 3222413 TI - An effect-size comparison of the Beck, Zung, and Hamilton rating scales for depression: a three-week and twelve-week analysis. PMID- 3222414 TI - Perceived goal-difficulty, locus of control, and performance ratings. PMID- 3222416 TI - Effects of the Scamper technique on anxiety and creative thinking of intellectually gifted students. PMID- 3222415 TI - Use and misuse of the MMPI, a reconsideration. PMID- 3222417 TI - Social network analysis for mildly mentally retarded adults. PMID- 3222418 TI - A proposed scale to measure beliefs about the consequences of employing homosexuals. PMID- 3222419 TI - Methods of self-destructive behaviour in adolescents and young adults. PMID- 3222420 TI - Depression as a correlate of believing in myths about suicide. PMID- 3222421 TI - Biological model of agoraphobia: a comment. PMID- 3222422 TI - Midlife depression and the "empty nest" syndrome in Indian women. PMID- 3222423 TI - Rape as entertainment. PMID- 3222424 TI - Posttraumatic stress syndrome-like symptoms among AIDS caregivers. PMID- 3222426 TI - Phenomenology of obsessions in obsessive-compulsive neurosis. AB - 761 obsessions were recorded from 410 cases of obsessive-compulsive neurosis seen over a 10-year period. The obsessions were analysed according to form and content: 6 categories of form and 11 categories of content were delineated. Fear of contamination was the single most common theme, followed by thoughts of daily activities, thoughts about the past and fears of harm. The findings are discussed in the light of earlier literature. PMID- 3222425 TI - Position of affective symptomatology in the course of delusional psychoses. AB - The present study investigates the frequency, gender distribution, mode of appearance, and prognostic value of affective symptoms in a group of 90 patients with paranoid disorders of various etiologies (with the exception of marked organicity) who underwent a follow-up control. It appears that affective symptoms manifest more frequently than the brunt of delusional and hallucinatory ones, whereby the pronounced differences in gender (preponderance of females) that appear in acute states disappear in the course of the illnesses. Altogether, the frequency of affective symptoms diminishes just as that of delusions and hallucinations. Paranoic syndromes (simple delusional syndrome with a logically organized structure corresponding to the classical concept of paranoia) are characterized by a particularly frequent occurrence of dysphoric (irritable) mood, systematic and unsystematic paraphrenias by a depressive mood. Delusion subsided in all three delusional entities in about 50% of the cases; however, defect develops in unsystematic paraphrenias more often to a statistically highly significant degree than in the other two forms. Despite the expected low stability of affective symptoms over longer periods of time, the presence of affective syndromes has a high prognostic value, even in a population characterized primarily by the presence of a mood-incongruent delusion. The results of this investigation suggest that Jaspers' hierarchical principle, still important for many diagnostic systems, according to which the presence of delusions and hallucinations is considered to be pathognomonic for schizophrenia and takes priority over any affective ones, be abandoned. The consequence this would have for the theoretical basis of the diagnosis of endogenous psychoses is that apart from affective syndromes only schizophrenic nuclear symptoms would form the basis of nosological diagnosis, and so-called productive symptoms (delusions and hallucinations) would be construed as a superstructure. PMID- 3222427 TI - Mean age, sex ratio and psychopathology in alcohol psychoses. AB - In a retrospective study the case histories of 154 patients with acute alcohol psychosis were examined. The obvious diagnostic criteria in the doctor's differential diagnosis between alcohol withdrawal delirium and alcohol hallucinosis was clouding of sensorium and disorientation. 103 patients were diagnosed as having alcohol withdrawal delirium, 51 patients alcohol hallucinosis. Mean age and sex ratio were the same in both groups. Further psychopathological symptoms in both groups supporting differential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 3222428 TI - AIDS phobia: report of 4 cases. AB - Psychological reactions to sexually transmissible disease (STD) infection are common, occurring in up to 85% of some patients with STDs: Hart has suggested that they are among the most common conditions encountered in venereology. Previous psychiatric disturbances in STD patients, however, are relatively uncommon and differ in both etiology and management from such psychological sequelae of STD infection, although both Catalan et al. and Fitzpatrick et al. report that in the United Kingdom, some 40% of STD clinic attenders had General Health Questionnaire scores indicating they were psychiatric cases. PMID- 3222429 TI - Coprophagia in a schizophrenic patient: case report. AB - Coprophagia is an uncommonly reported psychiatric symptom. A young schizophrenic patient exhibiting coprophagia and smearing is described here. The case is discussed in comparison with the very few cases reported earlier, most of which had evidence of brain damage. PMID- 3222430 TI - Suicide attempts correlate with delusional content in major depression. AB - A retrospective analysis of all medically serious suicide attempts made by 45 patients hospitalized consecutively at the Payne Whitney Clinic with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III discharge diagnosis of unipolar major depression recurrent with psychotic features was undertaken. Patients with delusions of persecution in combination with delusions of guilt were significantly more likely to make medically serious suicide attempts than patients with single categories of delusions or combinations other than guilt and persecution. PMID- 3222431 TI - Interrelationship of hypochondriacal, paranoid, depressive, and suicidal symptoms in Chinese psychiatric patients. AB - Data concerning 150 consecutive adult psychiatric patients treated by the authors in a general hospital psychiatric unit were analyzed. All patients with predominant hypochondriacal or paranoid symptoms were selected. The presence of depressed mood and suicidal ideas and their impact on prognosis were investigated. Finally, characteristics of patients with both hypochondriacal and paranoid symptoms were studied. We found that: (a) 79% of the patients with predominant hypochondriacal symptoms were depressed, but only 27% of these had suicidal ideas. These patients usually revealed a poor response to treatment. (b) Only 27% of the patients with paranoid symptoms only were depressed, but their suicidal risk was high. They usually had a good response to treatment. (c) Only 3% of the total sample exhibited both hypochondriacal and paranoid symptoms. They were all thought-disordered schizophrenics but had better prognosis than expected. The psychodynamic background of the results is discussed. PMID- 3222432 TI - Borderline symptom inventory: assessing inpatient and outpatient borderline personality disorders. AB - The Borderline Symptom Inventory (BSI), a 52-item self-report inventory, was administered to cohorts of patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), affective disorder and a normal control sample. The study failed to demonstrate that the inventory could effectively discriminate either ambulatory or hospitalized BPD patients from those with affective disorders, but that the inventory could correctly specify a control group without a psychiatric disorder. The results suggest that it is premature to utilize the BSI as a reliable screen to detect BPD. PMID- 3222433 TI - Panic attacks with and without agoraphobia: a comparison. AB - 22 patients with panic disorder (PD) were compared with 42 cases suffering from agoraphobia with panic attacks for a number of variables. The two groups did not differ for age, sex ratio, age of onset, social class, severity of nonsituational anxiety and personality profiles. On the other hand agoraphobics showed lower education and worse social adaptation. A higher prevalence of traumatic life events was also observed for agoraphobics compared with subjects suffering from PD. PMID- 3222434 TI - Primary intracerebral lymphoma: a clinicopathological analysis of 14 patients presenting over a 10-year period in Sheffield. AB - Intracerebral disease was diagnosed in 14 out of 450 patients who presented with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma between January 1976 and January 1987. Twelve of the 14 presented after June 1980. Age ranged from 31 to 73 years and eight patients were male. Two patients had other tumours, and three had relevant associated immunosuppressive disorders. Radiological assessment of one further patient showed a cavitating bronchial carcinoma. Five patients were untreated, and one died before radiotherapy was complete. Eight patients completed courses of whole brain irradiation; four of these received higher doses. All entered remission. Three patients are alive, between eight months and seven years after treatment. Of the remaining five, one never recovered intellectual function and died of bronchopneumonia; three died between eight and 30 months after treatment and autopsy showed severe radionecrosis of the brain with no residual tumour. All three had received higher doses of radiation and had undergone burrhole aspiration before treatment. Autopsy was refused on one patient who also appeared to have died from radionecrosis of the brain. Immunohistological examination in eight cases confirms that cerebral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a B-cell tumour. As other groups have found, its incidence appears to be rising. Survival rate is poor, and at least some deaths are related to both radiation necrosis and the bulk of residual tumour after diagnostic surgery. PMID- 3222435 TI - MRI of the neck and larynx. PMID- 3222437 TI - [Characteristics of x-ray diagnosis of small cancers of the colon]. PMID- 3222436 TI - [Clinico-roentgenologic characteristics of megacolon in adults]. PMID- 3222438 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of the small bowel in the DDR--results and conclusions of a survey]. PMID- 3222439 TI - [Dystopia ventriculi antecolica. An unusual anomaly of the organotopic gastrocolic relations]. PMID- 3222441 TI - [Diabetic osteoarthropathy--a case report and x-ray morphologic follow-up]. PMID- 3222440 TI - [Occlusion of arteries using an enlarged spiral embolus]. PMID- 3222442 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in medicine]. PMID- 3222443 TI - [Criteria of radiation risk in x-ray studies of children]. PMID- 3222444 TI - [Assessment of regional lung function using xenon-133 exhalation scintigraphy with reference to chronic obstructive airway diseases]. PMID- 3222446 TI - [Radionuclide studies of lymph flow in the extremities during treatment of transcondyle brachial fractures]. PMID- 3222445 TI - [Use of 111In-citrin in bone marrow scintigraphy]. PMID- 3222447 TI - [Radiopharmacokinetics of endolymphatically administered 125I-liposomes in rabbits. IV]. PMID- 3222448 TI - The chronic effects of desipramine and sertraline on platelet and synaptosomal 5HT uptake in olfactory bulbectomised rats. AB - 1. Depressed patients show a characteristic decrease in the rate of uptake of serotonin into their platelets, which is normalised only by clinically effective antidepressant treatment. 2. We also find a decrease in platelet 5HT uptake rates in the olfactory bulbectomised (OB) rat model of depression, which return to normal following three weeks of treatment with desipramine or sertraline. 3. Synaptosomal 5HT uptake appears to consist of a low affinity, high capacity component and a high affinity, low capacity component, both of which are increased in the OB rat, compared to its sham operated control, and normalised by chronic antidepressant treatment. 4. The low affinity uptake of serotonin is not inhibited by in vitro incubation with sertraline, which suggests that the low affinity system may be associated with a non-specific uptake of 5HT into noradrenergic or dopaminergic nerve endings. PMID- 3222449 TI - Midbrain cholinergic mechanisms regulating cardiovascular responses during hypothalamic defence reaction. AB - 1. Hind limb blood flow and arterial blood pressure were recorded during aggressive behaviour induced on electrical stimulation of the anterior hypothalamic area and the central gray, in anaesthetised cats. 2. Bilateral microinfusions of atropine sulphate (20 ug/ul) were made in the midbrain central gray, and the effect on the behavioural and cardiovascular components recorded. 3. Atropine sulphate was found to decrease the hind limb vascular conductance obtained on stimulation of the hypothalamic and the midbrain defence areas. 4. It was found that the recovery of the behavioural components of aggression required at least 1-5 days as compared to the cardiovascular components which reappeared after 3 weeks of atropine sulphate microinfusions. 5. These results suggest that although the cholinergic muscarinic mechanisms play an important role in eliciting both the behavioural and the cardiovascular responses from the same site, yet the two mechanisms may operate differently. PMID- 3222450 TI - Reduced haloperidol/haloperidol ratio and clinical outcome in schizophrenia: preliminary evidences. AB - 1. The possible influence of haloperidol and its metabolite plasma levels on clinical outcome in schizophrenic patients was evaluated. 2. 18 schizophrenic inpatients diagnosed according to DSM III, were treated with conventional haloperidol p.o. for four weeks. 3. Plasma levels of haloperidol and its reduced metabolite were measured by mass-spectrometry assay. Clinical outcome was evaluated by BPRS. 4. Cluster analysis only considering BPRS improvement and reduced haloperidol/haloperidol ratio was able to discriminate two groups of patients: one of non responders and the other of responders. The former group presented higher ratios than the latter. 5. Reduced haloperidol/haloperidol ratio could be considered as a good marker for prediction of the clinical outcome. PMID- 3222451 TI - Stimulation of inositol phosphate production by propranolol in human neutrophils. AB - 1. Propranolol has been reported to be beneficial in treating patients suffering from a variety of diseases including migraine, psychosis and schizophrenia. The mode of action of propranolol in the treatment of the above diseases is not clear. 2. An investigation into the possible effect of propranolol on receptor activated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis was carried out using human neutrophils. Receptor activated inositol phosphate production by formyl-methionyl leucyl-phenylalanine has also been studied. 3. DL-propranolol caused a time and concentration dependent increase in inositol phosphate generation which was similar to that obtained for chemotactic peptide in neutrophils. The EC50 for propranolol was 2 microM compared to 0.5 microM for chemotactic peptide. 4. These results indicate the possibility that propranolol has a direct action on inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in addition to its beta-blocking effect. PMID- 3222452 TI - Objective assessment of opioid action by facial muscle surface electromyography (SEMG). AB - 1. Activity of the mimetic muscles of the upper face were recorded from awake and anesthetized patients by surface electromyography (SEMG). 2. High amplitude SEMG accompanied ketamine anesthesia and/or the presentation of pain-provoking stimuli. 3. During periods of elevated facial muscle activity, fentanyl or butorphanol decreased SEMG amplitude. 4. The opioid-induced SEMG depression was not consistently associated with either lowered vigilance or analgesia but did provide an objective measure of drug effect. PMID- 3222453 TI - Training clinical personnel to assess for tardive dyskinesia. AB - 1. Two hundred and sixty-three people were trained to assess for tardive dyskinesia using the Dyskinesia Identification System: Condensed User Scale. 2. A videotape pretest was given before training, a videotape posttest was given after training, and in vivo (actual patient) ratings were required. The data was analyzed for overall training effects as well as by four professional groups: registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, physicians/pharmacists, and others such as psychologists/educators. 3. No group displayed accurate abnormal involuntary movement assessment ability before training, and a highly significant improvement occurred as a result of training. The four professional groups did not differ on assessment ability before or after training, and all professions showed significant improvement. 4. The data suggests that formal training must occur to teach accurate and reliable tardive dyskinesia assessment ability. A wide variety of professions can be trained, thus making large scale monitoring systems for applied clinical settings possible. PMID- 3222454 TI - Heart rate and temperature changes during exposure to bright light in seasonal affective disorder. AB - 1. Bright fluorescent Vitalite (TM) (2000-2500 lux) was presented to 2 subjects with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and 3 normal controls 2 hours prior to bedtime for one week. Oral temperature and heart rate were measured during this time in the two groups and compared to 7 days of baseline measurements made the week before where the subjects sat quietly in dim light and monitored their temperature and pulse. Bright evening light prevented the fall in oral temperature in both SAD subjects and one normal control. Bright light also prevented the normal fall of heart rates in SAD subjects but not in normal controls. 2. Bright evening lights also produced a significant delay in sleep onset that was cumulative over the seven days in SAD subjects but was also present but less pronounced in 2 normal controls. 3. Evening light produced "activation" that was generally pleasant but produced significant irritability in one SAD subject. PMID- 3222455 TI - Clinical stages of dementia and the dexamethasone suppression test. AB - 1. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between clinical aspects of primary degenerative dementia and suppression or non-suppression in the dexamethasone suppression test. 2. We studied 34 male patients with primary degenerative dementia (as diagnosed by DSM-III criteria). Dexamethasone 1 mg p.o. was administered at 11:00 PM and blood was drawn for cortisol determination at 4:00 PM the next day. 3. CLINICAL FACTORS INCLUDED: age, age at onset, duration of dementia, history of psychiatric illness, severity as measured by Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) score, and "malignancy" of dementia (rated by years of onset to institutionalization and as a ratio of Global Deterioration Scale to duration of primary degenerative dementia). 4. RESULTS: 56% of primary degenerative dementia patients failed to suppress. The highest degree of non suppression was seen in Global Deterioration Scale 5 and 6 subjects (Table). 5. An unexpected finding was that a large number of Global Deterioration Scale 7 patients demonstrated normal post-dexamethasone suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis. 6. Some contradictions in previously reported studies may be explained by this pattern. PMID- 3222456 TI - [Antipyrine biotransformation in the liver of patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 3222457 TI - [PRIST and RAST tests using inhalant allergens in children with atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 3222458 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies of the effect of cationic detergent in liquid "K"]. PMID- 3222459 TI - [Netherton's syndrome in 2 children]. PMID- 3222460 TI - [Favorable outcome of the treatment of Mibelli's porokeratosis linearis using occlusive dressings with retinoic acid]. PMID- 3222461 TI - [Photochemotherapy of psoriasis in the light of the case material from the dermatologic clinic of the Military Medical Academy]. PMID- 3222462 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aero-digestive tract in women. AB - Between 1970 and 1985, 95 women presenting carcinomas of the oral cavity, pharynx or larynx, were treated at the Institut Jean-Godinot. Classification of these patients according to age shows a bimodal curve and the existence of two different populations. The main difference between groups appears to be the existence or not of tobacco intoxication. According to this criteria, the two groups of patients are statistically different in mean age (nonusers 16 years older than users, p less than 0.01) and in the site of the primary, with an excess of carcinomas of the oral cavity in the nonusers group (p less than 0.01). In contrast, no difference was found in the locoregional extension of the tumor (TNM), in the modalities and result of treatment or in the evolution and survival of patients. PMID- 3222464 TI - Estimate of the excessive spinal cord dose in AP-PA thorax treatment. AB - By providing quick reference graphs, we have attempted to answer the question "Does this patient need a compensating filter to keep the spinal cord dose within a certain limit?" Such graphs were obtained using several parameters that influence compensating filtration when treating the mediastinum with (anterior posterior) parallel opposed fields. For typical 5 and 10% excess spinal cord doses above the tumor dose, the reference graphs were designed to provide quick answers for patients with the following measured parameters: (1) patient thickness at the beam axis, (2) difference in source-to-skin distances, (3) air gap between the posterior skin and the couch top, and (4) posterior spinal cord depth. 4, 10, and 18 MV photon beams were used to illustrate the results. PMID- 3222466 TI - A comparison of the effects of p(62)-Be and d(16)-Be neutrons in the mouse kidney. AB - Renal damage in the mouse was assessed after irradiation with p(62)-Be neutrons from the cyclotron at Clatterbridge, U.K., and compared with the renal response to d(16)-Be neutrons. One, 2, 4 and 8 fractions of radiation were given, or 8 low dose fractions followed by a "top-up" dose of d(4)-Be neutrons at the Gray Laboratory. The use of both full course fractionation and the top-up technique in this study allowed ratios of isoeffective neutron dose at the two energies (NDR) to be measured over a wide range of neutron dose per fraction from 0.2 to 9.6 Gy. NDR (neutron dose ratio) is a direct way to specifying the relative RBE's of the two neutron beams. Radiation injury in the kidney was assayed with three methods: clearance of [51Cr]EDTA, reduction in haematocrit, and urine output. The dose response curves obtained were resolved best at 31 weeks post-irradiation in these experiments. All three assays gave similar results. NDR was roughly constant at approximately 1.38 over the complete dose range. For equal effects in the kidney, the standard Hammersmith protocol for d(16)-Be neutrons of 17.6 Gy (N + gamma dose) given in 12 fractions would require 24.6 Gy in 12 fractions using the p(62) Be beam at Clatterbridge. NDR for renal damage was greater than the NDR obtained previously for mouse skin (1.1-1.2) at all doses, indicating that kidneys would be spared in fractionated treatments with p(62)-Be neutrons compared with d(16) Be neutrons if radiation doses were given to the same skin tolerance. Examination of the RBE of the two neutron beams relative to 240 kVp X-rays showed that this reflects a lower RBE compared with skin for p(62)-Be neutrons in the clinical dose-range, and a higher RBE compared with skin for d(16)-Be neutrons. These radiobiological data therefore favour the use of high energy neutron therapy if kidneys are included in the field, but this conclusion should not be extrapolated to other late responding normal tissues for which further experimental data should be accrued. PMID- 3222463 TI - Low dose postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy for rectal cancer is ineffective. AB - Ninety-seven patients with rectal cancer which had either penetrated through the rectal wall or involved regional lymph nodes received postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy of 24 Gy in 12 fractions or 25 Gy in 10 fractions in 2 weeks. The crude pelvic recurrence rate was 48/97 (49%) and the actuarial local relapse free rate at 5 years was 41%. The radiation doses used produced no late morbidity, but had no discernible effect on the risk of local recurrence, and may have compromised the subsequent use of radiation for symptomatic pelvic recurrence. PMID- 3222465 TI - Relative concentration of astatine-211 and iodine-125 by human fetal thyroid and carcinoma of the thyroid in nude mice. AB - The concentrations of 211At and 125I were measured in various tissues in nude mice bearing xenografts of human thyroid tissue (fetal and malignant). The relative concentration of the two halogens was obtained at 4 and 24 h after injection. Samples were taken of the host blood, muscle and thyroid gland and the grafted tissues. The mouse thyroid concentrated 125I more efficiently than 211At but the human grafts concentrated both halogens about equally. PMID- 3222467 TI - Differences in radiation response among human cervix carcinoma cell lines. AB - The radiobiological properties of five newly established carcinoma of the cervix cell lines have been determined. By means of an in vitro clonogenic assay, survival curves were compared at radiation dose rates of 150, 3.2 and 1.6 cGy/min. In terms of both acute radiosensitivity and the extent of low dose-rate sparing, large differences existed among the lines. Two of the lines, HX151c and HX160c, were radiosensitive (surviving fractions at 2 Gy of 0.23 and 0.33 respectively) and showed little radiation recovery capacity during protracted irradiation, whereas the remaining three lines had much higher surviving fraction at 2 Gy (up to 0.6) and showed considerable low dose-rate sparing. The data were well fitted by the Incomplete Repair model of Thames; repair half times ranged from 0.25 to 5.7 h. These findings indicate that large differences in intrinsic radiation recovery capacity exist within this tumour type, differences which emphasise that predictive testing of intrinsic radiosensitivity may be of clinical value in this disease. PMID- 3222468 TI - What to do with neutrons in radiotherapy: a suggestion. PMID- 3222469 TI - [X-ray dosimetry using a charge injection type condenser]. AB - An X-ray dosimeter has been investigated with the use of a charge injection type condenser. The detector is small size and is housed in an epoxy resin approximately 4.5 X 2.5 X 1.5 mm. The X-ray dose can be determined by decreasing the amount of electron injected into floating gate through X-ray irradiation. The X-ray irradiation dose can be measured by decreasing of the capacitance. This dosimeter shows good linearity but the X-ray energy response for low energy region is higher than high energy region. PMID- 3222470 TI - [Management of radioactive wastes using a personal computer]. AB - This paper describes a software package for a personal computer which deals with storage records of radioactive wastes; the software keeps the records of purchase and use of radioisotopes and makes the inventory records of radioactive wastes. The records for the cargo booking of the wastes for the Japanese Radioisotope Association can be prepared by this software package. PMID- 3222471 TI - [Effect of age on markers of bone metabolism in renal hemodialysis patients]. AB - Bone metabolic markers were investigated in the male hemodialysis patients within and over 60 years old and the female hemodialysis patients within and over 50 years old. Our results indicated that bone metabolic markers were more increased in the lower values of serum estradiol in the male patients, but inversely were more enhanced in higher values of serum estradiol in the female patients. PMID- 3222472 TI - [The relation of various metabolic bone markers in renal hemodialysis patients classified by serum estradiol levels]. AB - The bone metabolic markers showed the significant differences in age and sex of the hemodialysis patients with renal insufficiency. It is likely that the evaluations of bone change and biochemical metabolic markers should be based on serum estradiol level, sex and age of the renal hemodialysis patients. PMID- 3222473 TI - [Recommendations for a pediatric dose in nuclear imaging. Subcommittee for Standardization of Radionuclide Imaging, Medical and Pharmaceutical Committee: Japan Radioisotope Association]. PMID- 3222474 TI - [Status of neutron monitors in radiation protection]. PMID- 3222475 TI - [Testing performance of the improved pinhole collimator and its application to small animals]. AB - Testing performance of the improved pinhole collimator of 1.5 mm aperture attached to the gamma camera was carried out with three kinds of radionuclides, 99mTc, 67Ga and 131I, using a hand-made phantom. The results obtained in this experiment were compared to those obtained with a human pinhole collimator of 4 mm aperture. Those were nearly understood by taking account of the effective aperture of a pinhole collimator for each effective photon energy. And all scintigrams obtained from rats with various scintigraphy showed high resolution images. PMID- 3222476 TI - [Clinical usefulness of a trypsin radioimmunoassay kit]. AB - From the clinical use of RIA-gnost trypsin kit, the following results were obtained. 1. Standard curve showed a steep and good curve was shown. 2. Incubation: The condition for the first incubation was set at the room temperature for 10-24 hours and that for the second incubation at the room temperature for 3-5 hours. With these settings, satisfactory results were obtained. 3. Reproducibility and recovery: The C.V. of the reproducibility and the recovery were considered superior, and the values were below 10% and +/- 3%, respectively. 4. Correlation between trypsin and serum elestase-1: An excellent positive correlation (coefficient of correlation r = 0.889) was shown. 5. Serum trypsin concentration of normal and pancreatic diseases: The normal range was from 100 to 500 ng/ml. Acute pancreatitis rose obviously. Diabetes mellitus and chronic pancreatitis was below 500 ng/ml and the pancreatic cancer showed a tendency to scatter in the range of 50-1,250 ng/ml. The above results indicated that serum trypsin can be easily measured with high precision by using this method. Thus the method is considered useful for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. PMID- 3222478 TI - Workshop on New Approaches in Extrapolation Procedures and Standard Setting for Noncarcinogenic Substances in Human Exposure. May 2 and 3, 1988, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Proceedings. PMID- 3222477 TI - [Improved performance of a waste water radiation monitor]. AB - Gamma ray waste water radiation monitor has been improved by using multichannel analyzer. Maximum permissible concentrations of 125I are one thousandth lower than 51Cr. This condition, the radioactive waste water cannot be pumped out occasionally. Gamma ray energy spectrum is measured by microcomputer based multichannel analyzer by which 125I photo-peak counts is separated from other radionuclide counts. Also detecting vessel is washed with pressured fresh water to prevent contamination. PMID- 3222479 TI - The no-effect level and optimal use of toxicity data. AB - The term "no-observable-effect level" is preferable to "no-effect level" to indicate the impossibility of demonstrating no effect. The term "no-adverse effect level" is sometimes used, indicating that not all changes are of toxicological relevance. The size of the safety factor can be justified scientifically only when good toxicokinetic and metabolic information exists. Actually, extrapolation and risk evaluation can be carried out in a proper way only when the mechanism underlying a particular effect is known. The use of recovery groups in long-term studies is recommended. PMID- 3222480 TI - Extrapolation of animal toxicity data to man. AB - Laboratory animals are used as models for humans in toxicity studies. This use is based on the assumption that extrapolation of biological data from animals to humans is valid. Three methods of extrapolation are considered: the use of body mass equivalence, caloric scaling across species, and the use of the surface area equivalence. Allometry, defined as the study of size and its consequences, is considered. There is still controversy whether there is an allometric relationship for energy metabolism. Allometry offers, among others, the concept that not all of the mass of the animal is equally involved in metabolism. In recent years the principles of pharmacokinetics have been applied to interspecies scaling; pharmacokinetic short-term studies can be used to determine whether allometric scaling is justified. Considerations, however, should be given to (pharmacokinetic) differences in the same species and to species variability. It would be useful to develop a set of criteria for deciding when the pharmacokinetic model is needed and when simpler models will suffice. PMID- 3222481 TI - Assessing risks from data on other exposure routes. Possibilities and limitations of using toxicity data derived from one exposure route in assessing risks from other exposure routes. AB - There is no simple and generally applicable way in which toxicity data derived from one route of exposure can be used to evaluate the effects of exposure by another route in the same species of animal or for risk assessment of another exposure route in man. Reliable predictions may be made in some cases where substances act systemically and have relatively long half-lives and where there are adequate data on toxicity by one route and on pharmacokinetics and metabolism by both routes. Extrapolation may also be possible where it can be shown that the nature and degree of toxicity are directly related to blood or tissue concentrations. The occurrence of toxic effects at the point of exposure (local toxicity) increases the uncertainties associated with extrapolation, usually making it not feasible. The use of safety factors to allow for uncertainties inherent in extrapolating between routes of exposure where data are inadequate is not advocated. Whether an extrapolation of data is justified in an individual case should be decided on a case-by-case basis; generalizations cannot be made. PMID- 3222482 TI - Toxicokinetics in the evaluation of toxicity data. AB - Toxicokinetics provides a powerful tool, which is not used sufficiently in the conduct and interpretation of animal toxicity studies. In selecting doses for toxicity studies toxicokinetic data can be used effectively. The tools of toxicokinetics are limited only by the toxicologists' understanding of basic biologic mechanisms. More knowledge on mechanisms of action implicates the possibility of more detailed toxicokinetic models. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are valuable in the interpretation of animal toxicity studies. They provide a physiological basis for extrapolating between species and routes of administration, and the future use of these models in setting acceptable levels of exposure for non-cancer toxicity in humans deserves serious consideration. PMID- 3222483 TI - Multiple exposure to chemicals. AB - In order to evaluate the possible interactive effects of simultaneous exposure to more than one chemical, leading toxicological journals over the period 1981-1987 were reviewed for articles on combined exposure. Additive effects or less or no interaction were reported in most cases. More than additive effects were reported in 20 out of 104 studies (excluding alcohol), but this conclusion was sometimes not supported by the data. Examples of studies on changes in metabolisms caused by multiple exposure to solvents are given. Metabolic interaction may take place if the chemicals share a common step in their metabolism. Assumption of additive effects in the case of chemicals that share similar action in toxicity can be considered safe enough. PMID- 3222484 TI - The use of epidemiological data in risk assessment. AB - Next to toxicological data, epidemiological studies form the scientific basis for risk assessment. Both approaches have their particular advantages and limitations. The most important limitation of epidemiological studies is the lack of exact data on past exposures. Their most important advantage is that they study the actual occurrence of diseases in humans. Epidemiological and experimental data should be regarded as complementary and should be used in close conjunction in the process of risk assessment. Apart from these advantages and limitations several specific issues are addressed in this paper, such as study populations of particular interest, the problem of low-dose extrapolation, the interpretation of negative results, derivation of no-effect levels from epidemiologic studies, and the application of safety factors for epidemiological studies. PMID- 3222485 TI - Monitoring adverse reactions to food additives in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. AB - Technological advances in food science have resulted in the development of numerous food additives, most of which require premarket approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Concomitant with the benefits of these additives, such as extending the shelf life of certain food commodities, is the potential for various risks. These potential risks include the possibility of the consumer experiencing an adverse reaction to the additive. In order to ascertain the character and the gravity of alleged adverse reactions to food products which it regulates, the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has developed the Adverse Reaction Monitoring System (ARMS). This postmarketing surveillance system for food additives is designed to analyze consumer reports of adverse reactions in order to alert FDA officials about any potential public health hazard associated with an approved food additive, and to delineate specific syndromes which may lead to focused clinical investigations. To date, among the products routinely monitored in the ARMS, sulfiting agents and the artificial sweetener aspartame have generated the largest volume of consumer reports describing adverse reactions. An overview of the analyses of the sulfite and aspartame adverse reaction reports is presented, along with a description of the mechanics of the postmarketing surveillance system, and a detailed discussion of its limitations. PMID- 3222486 TI - Pharmacokinetics for regulatory risk analysis: the case of trichloroethylene. AB - Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models describing the uptake, metabolism, and excretion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are now proposed for use in regulatory health-risk assessment. A steady-state analysis of one such model is shown to provide simple, convenient predicted relationships between an applied dose and the corresponding toxicologically effective, metabolized dose for certain VOCs like trichloroethylene (TCE). A version of this PBPK model was fit to data on human metabolism of TCE to urinary metabolites in chronically exposed workers, yielding a direct estimate of PBPK parameters governing human capacity to metabolize TCE. It is shown that this estimate is consistent with others based on experimental studies of TCE metabolism in humans exposed to TCE by inhalation for short periods. These results are applied to human cancer-risk assessment using rodent bioassay data on TCE-induced tumorigenesis. PMID- 3222487 TI - Estimates of the risk of bladder tumor promotion by saccharin in rats. AB - Tumor data from an initiation-promotion bioassay in rats are used to illustrate how urinary bladder tumor risk estimates can be modified to reflect tumor promotion by saccharin. Assuming equal carcinogenic potency in humans and rats, the estimated human risk is equal to the probability of tumors in rats due to saccharin promotion following administration of an initiator times the ratio of the proportion of humans that are initiated to the proportion of initiated rats. The proportion of initiated humans may be somewhere between the proportion of deaths due to bladder cancer in the U.S. population, 0.005, and 1.0. The proportion of initiated animals in the bioassay may be somewhere between the proportion of animals with bladder tumors, 0.41, as observed in an initiated group, and 1.0. Hence, the ratio of the proportion of initiated humans to animals may be between 0.005 and 2.4. Then, the risk of bladder tumors is estimated to be between 0.005 and 2.4 times the estimated risk of tumors in rats promoted by saccharin following administration of an initiator. An upper limit on bladder tumor risk is estimated to be between 0.00038 and 0.18 times the percentage of saccharin in the diet. If a threshold dose exists for saccharin bladder tumor promotion which is above the saccharin consumption level of all humans, then the risk is zero. PMID- 3222488 TI - Reference dose (RfD): description and use in health risk assessments. AB - For many years the concept of the "acceptable daily intake" has served the toxicological and regulatory fields quite well. However, as approaches to assessing the health significance of exposures to noncarcinogenic substances receive greater scrutiny, some difficulties with this traditional approach have become more apparent. Consequently, the concept of the "reference dose" is introduced in order to avoid use of prejudicial terms (e.g., "safety" and "acceptable"), to promote greater consistency in the assessment of noncarcinogenic chemicals, and to maintain the functional separation between risk assessment and risk management. PMID- 3222489 TI - Policy principles for utilizing science in decision-making on chronic health issues. AB - Scientific advances will continue to contribute to our understanding of latent chronic diseases related to chemical exposure. Regulatory agencies must deal with a complex matrix of emerging scientific information, a diversity of potential risk situations, and a variety of statutory prescriptions for protecting public health. Seven policy principles are proposed for facilitating integration of the latest scientific thought into the administrative decision-making process. The principles relate to distinguishing between risk assessment and risk management, analysis of all relevant information in developing a risk assessment, consideration of weight-of-the-evidence and more probable than not criterion on key assumptions, scientific peer review of assessments, scoping scientific input appropriately with the nature of a specific regulatory activity, emphasizing research which enhances the basis of risk assessment, and education and communication on risk matters. The policy principles are interdependent; collectively they need endorsement and promotion by the scientific and regulatory communities and by policy leaders in federal and state governments in the interest of establishing a framework for further improving the basis of critical decisions for protecting public health. PMID- 3222490 TI - 7th annual meeting of the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia. Mainz, 12-15 October 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3222491 TI - [Influence of minimum current for peripheral nerve stimulation on the latency and success rate of sciatic blockade]. AB - The efficacy of conduction anesthesia depends to a great extent on accurate application of the local anesthetic solution (LA) in close proximity to the nerve trunk. The problem with most peripheral nerve stimulators available in the past was that they did not provide a small enough electrical stimulus. Correct positioning of the needle could not be guaranteed if muscle contractions occurred. New current-controlled stimulators have recently been developed with low currents from 0.1 mA upwards. We studied the intensity of stimulus currents eliciting just-visible muscle contractions in the lower leg (m. triceps surae) to see how this influenced the latency and success rate of sciatic nerve block. METHOD: In a randomized study, 35 patients (18-68 years, ASA I and II) undergoing elective surgery were investigated. The block was performed by posterior approach using 30 ml 1% prilocaine. The stimulator was switched on with a frequency of 1 impulse/s and a stimulus current of 1 mA when the insulated needle was at a depth of 4 cm. In group 1 (n = 5) LA was injected when the first visible muscle contractions occurred at a current of 1.0 mA, but vanished if the current was diminished. In group 2 (n = 10) the needle was placed if a minimum current of 0.5 mA just triggered a muscular response. In group 3 (n = 10) the threshold current was 0.3 mA and in group 4 (n = 10) 0.1 mA. In all cases direct contact between the needle tip and the nerve was avoided.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3222492 TI - [Epinephrine in spinal anesthesia]. AB - Isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia has frequently proved advantageous because of its long and safe analgesia, good motor blockade and low incidence of side-effects. Significant prolongation of analgesia is possible with an epinephrine concentration of as low as 1:200,000 added to bupivacain 0.5%, while optimal prolongation can be achieved by a concentration of 1:100,000. The addition of 1:50,000 epinephrine, however, does not induce any further enhancement. These results are contrary to those of Chambers and Scott, whose short durations of action were possibly due to relative overdosage of epinephrine with a paradoxical reduction of action. The latency period until complete blockade is achieved can be reduced by high epinephrine concentrations (beginning with 1:50,000), a fact which is possibly due to a direct, receptor-induced mechanism of epinephrine. The motor blockade of ankle and toe joints beginning from a concentration of 1:100,000 epinephrine is also prolonged significantly. With all epinephrine concentrations, the overall duration of analgesia could be prolonged significantly, in contrast to the overall duration of motor blockade. Only with free bupivacaine solution did motor and sensory function return at more or less the same time. The period between the beginning and the end of regression for both sensation and motor function was influenced only by the highest epinephrine concentration (1:50,000).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3222493 TI - Dynamic loading of normal joints. AB - The biomechanics of joints are discussed with regard to the relative motion of the bones controlled by a combination of muscle forces, condylar shape, and ligamentous constraints. The author describes the joint reaction forces that are a result of muscle forces, and provides a detailed description of joint loads to the hip and knee. PMID- 3222494 TI - Orthopedic surgery and degenerative arthritis. PMID- 3222495 TI - Long-term follow-up of cemented total hip replacement for osteoarthritis. AB - Two hundred twelve total hip replacements performed as a primary procedure have been followed for more than 10 years. One hundred thirty-six hips had adequate radiographic follow-up. Mechanical loosening of the acetabular and femoral component continue to be the major postoperative complications and in this series was 24 per cent. The incidence of femoral loosening has declined, however there is a continuing increase in acetabular revisions as well as an increase in bone cement radiolucencies in relation to the acetabular component. Analysis of mechanical and technical parameters identifies those arthroplasties at increased risk of mechanical loosening, it is necessary to have two or more parameters of poor technique present before there is an increased incidence of loosening of the femoral component. Changes in stem design and cementing techniques in the early 1980s have addressed these parameters and in the mid-term have significantly decreased the incidence of mechanical failure. However we await the 10- to 15 year follow-up of these technical improvements to assess whether they will improve longevity of a biologic procedure. It is difficult to predict failure of cemented acetabular components and with longer follow-up there appears to be a steady increase in the incidence of acetabular loosening compared with a decrease in the occurrence of femoral loosening. PMID- 3222496 TI - [Ultrastructure of the mitotic nuclei in Leishmania mexicana ssp. Tridimensional reconstruction of the mitotic spindle and dense plaques]. AB - The ultrastructure of mitotic nuclei of the promastigote Leishmania mexicana ssp. was studied by serial thin sections and three-dimensional reconstructions of each divisional stage. At the beginning of nuclear division (equatorial stage), a set of six dense plaques located about the equatorial region of the nucleus and a microtubular spindle develops in the two opposing poles of the nucleus (two sets of polar microtubules). The microtubular mitotic spindle is entirely intranuclear with the nuclear membrane persisting through mitosis. The polar spindle consists of a discrete bundle of about 50 microtubules and the equatorial spindle is formed by about 100 microtubules. The spindle may contain several continuous microtubules, but no microtubular organizing centres were observed in association with the spindle. The plaques and hemiplaques are associated with microtubular bundles; some of the spindle microtubules converge on kinetochore-like plaques. It is suggested that the spindle has a special significance in the physiology of mitosis. The two sets of hemiplaques may guide the separation of the daughter genomes. At the beginning of the elongational stage the mitotic plaques split into halves and each set of half-plaques migrates to one pole. It is concluded that the dense plaques play a kinetochore-like role and thus Leishmania mexicana ssp. may have six chromosomal units. Mitotic events of this species are essentially similar to those of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 3222497 TI - Tolerances of a land amphipod, Talitrus (Talitroides) pacificus Hurley, 1955, towards temperature and humidity variations and immersion in water. PMID- 3222498 TI - [Validity and diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in traumatic menisco ligamentous pathology of the knee. Prospective study of 22 knees]. AB - Twenty-two patients were prospectively examined by magnetic resonance imaging to determine the diagnostic validity of the method in the assessment of traumatic lesions of the menisci and ligaments of the knee. All the patients had their lesion verified by arthrotomy with or without arthroscopy. The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of lesions of the medial menisci, lateral menisci and cruciate ligaments was respectively 82, 91 and 100 per cent. Its specificity for lesions of the same structures was 92, 100 and 100 per cent. Lesions of the articular cartilage and of the peripheral ligaments were detected with an accuracy of 100 and 95 per cent and a specificity of 100 per cent. Thus magnetic resonance imaging presents a high level of reliability in the detection of ligamentous and cartilaginous lesions. It is less reliable for the detection of meniscal lesions because of the number of false positives and false negatives, which is not negligible. However its demonstrable diagnostic value will increase with improved knowledge of the pathology of imaging and with technical improvements. Its three-dimensional features and the fact that it is totally non invasive give to this method a great future in the field of the traumatic pathology of the knee. In the steps leading to the diagnosis of meniscal and ligamentous lesions of the knee, magnetic resonance imaging has an interesting place in the field of recent lesions and may avoid the need for hospitalization. PMID- 3222500 TI - [Spastic knee flexion deformity. Results of surgical treatment]. AB - The records of 36 children who had been treated surgically for spastic knee flexion deformity were studied. The procedures were either a modified Eggers' operation, a lowering of the patella or a combination of both. Thirty-three children were reviewed at a distance and a comparison made between their initial and final function. The results were also assessed in relation to the state of the muscles and the length of follow-up. Many patients were improved but this improvement could not reasonably be expected except in those who could walk or in whom walking had been abandoned for a short time. The indications for the type of procedure should follow systematic examination by a medical and surgical team, taking account of the strength of the gluteus maximus and the quadriceps and the response to novocaine infiltration of the sciatic nerve. PMID- 3222499 TI - [The jerk-test in external rotation in rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. Description and significance]. AB - The authors describe a dynamic test of anterior subluxation of the tibia in lateral rotation in ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament. This jerk-test in lateral rotation indicates general anterior laxity, including the posteromedial and posterolateral capsular structures. It is only present in lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament, and is only positive in 60 per cent. Its presence is a contra-indication to an isolated lateral extra-articular ligamentoplasty and an indication for intra-articular ligamentoplasty of the anterior cruciate ligament. This test must be distinguished from the Jacob reverse pivot shift test, which indicates posterolateral laxity. PMID- 3222501 TI - [Chronic internal metacarpophalangeal sprains of the thumb. Anatomo-clinical classification and therapeutic consequences]. AB - In the light of a physiopathological study of severe medial strain of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb in 20 cadaver hands, the authors propose a correlation between anatomical and clinical findings and a classification derived from it: Stage I: rupture of one fascicle of the collateral ligament. Passive valgus mobility of less than 15 degrees. The ruptured ends of the ligament remain in contact. Stage II: rupture of both fascicles of the ligament. Passive valgus and supination mobility of the metacarpophalangeal joint of 20 to 40 degrees. Interposition of the dorsal digital expansion between the ruptured ends of the ligament. Abnormal movements can be corrected by applying tension to the dorsal digital expansion. Stage III: rupture of both fascicles of the collateral ligament and the dorsal digital expansion. Tension from the thenar muscles causes abnormal movement and produces a fixed flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint with hyperextension of the interphalangeal joint (Z-shaped thumb). From this the authors determine the operative indications and suggest a palliative ligamentoplasty to restore the anatomy as much as possible. PMID- 3222502 TI - [Anorectosigmoid electromanometry in the differential diagnosis of constipation in children]. PMID- 3222503 TI - [Neonatal polycythemia and erythrophoresis]. PMID- 3222504 TI - [Pubertal characteristics of school girls in the Metropolitan region]. PMID- 3222506 TI - [Characteristics of psychosocial development in adolescents 16 to 19 years of age with longitudinal follow-up. II. Sex behavior]. PMID- 3222505 TI - [Characteristics of psychosocial development in adolescents 16 to 19 years of age with longitudinal follow-up. 1. Characteristics of the sample; psychotropic drug abuse and smoking habits]. PMID- 3222507 TI - [Leucine sensitivity: a preventable encephalopathy]. PMID- 3222509 TI - [Pityriasis versicolor in young infants]. PMID- 3222508 TI - [Surgical treatment in occlusion of the renal artery with malignant hypertension and acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3222510 TI - [Galactosemia]. PMID- 3222511 TI - [Effects of domiciliary smoking on the frequency of infantile respiratory diseases]. PMID- 3222512 TI - [Tumor of the petrous pyramid in a young women]. PMID- 3222513 TI - [Detection and treatment of lipid disorders]. PMID- 3222514 TI - [Detection and treatment of lipid disorders]. PMID- 3222515 TI - [Comments on the necessity to discontinue BCG vaccination in Spain]. PMID- 3222516 TI - [Eclampsia as a form of onset of systemic lupus erythematosus during pregnancy]. PMID- 3222517 TI - [Neuropathy of the brachial plexus in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3222518 TI - [Dermatomyositis and interstitial pulmonary disease]. PMID- 3222519 TI - [Amyloidosis in patients under hemodialysis]. PMID- 3222520 TI - [Glomerulonephritis secondary to an infection of an atrioventricular cerebrospinal fluid shunt]. PMID- 3222521 TI - [Rare forms of iron deficiency anemias]. PMID- 3222522 TI - Metabolic acetylation of phenelzine in rats. AB - 1-Acetyl-2-(2-phenylethyl)hydrazine (N2-acetylphenelzine) is identified as an acetylated metabolite of phenelzine in the rat. One hour after intraperitoneal administration of a high dose of phenelzine sulfate to rats, the blood and brain of the animals were extracted and analyzed by combined gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry in the total ion and selected ion modes. This procedure provided unequivocal proof of the presence of N2 acetylphenelzine in these tissues. The other possible monoacetylated metabolite of phenelzine, 1-acetyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)hydrazine (N1-acetylphenelzine), and the diacetylated derivative, 1,2-diacetyl-2-(2-phenylethyl)hydrazine, were sought, but were not detected. PMID- 3222523 TI - Failure of beta-blocking agent to prevent epinephrine-induced myocardial injury in dogs with hypokalemia. AB - The effect of epinephrine in dogs with hypokalemia was investigated. Injection of epinephrine, 10 micrograms/kg, induced an elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and histological changes in myocardium of dogs with hypokalemia. The effect of epinephrine was little in dogs with normokalemia. Heart mitochondrial calcium content was elevated in parallel with the decrease in serum K+ in dogs with hypokalemia. Propranolol, a beta-blocker, did not prevent these changes. Since epinephrine increases coronary blood flow, these alterations cannot be ascribed to a reduction in coronary blood flow. It is likely that calcium overload alone, without ischemia, could develop myocardial injury in dogs with hypokalemia, and that beta-adrenergic action is not involved in this pathogenesis. PMID- 3222524 TI - Synergistic toxicity of cyclosporin A and streptomycin in renal epithelial cell cultures. AB - Cyclosporin A (CSA) nephrotoxicity was examined in two renal epithelial cell cultures, the LLC-PK1 cell line and the MDCK cell line. Acute changes in cell growth and cellular DNA and protein synthesis were investigated at 2 hours, 20 hours and 5 days. The potential synergistic interaction between streptomycin (a standard additive to most culture media) and CSA was examined. CSA produced significant alterations in cell function as early as 2 hours after exposure and this became more noticeable with increased exposure to CSA. Streptomycin potentiated the toxicity effects on cellular metabolism that was seen with CSA. The use of cell culture models to investigate CSA toxicity must avoid the use of potential agents which may have a synergistic effect on the development of toxicity. PMID- 3222526 TI - The mechanism of carbon tetrachloride induced pulmonary Clara cell damage: biochemical and morphologic studies. AB - In our present study, we have shown the different damages among pulmonary drug metabolizing systems and selective lesions of the pulmonary Clara cells in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride. Concerning with the inhibition degrees of pulmonary drug metabolizing systems, the inhibition of coumarin hydroxylase activity was the severest in this experiment. Moreover, at the in vitro carbon tetrachloride exposure study to estimate carbon tetrachloride metabolizing capacity, the severe degradation of coumarin hydroxylase activity was observed, while 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities only showed slight degradations by carbon tetrachloride treatment. From these results, it is suggested that cytochrome P-450 form which catalyzes coumarin hydroxylation may highly localize in the Clara cell and have carbon tetrachloride metabolizing activity. PMID- 3222527 TI - Hypothermia and deranged circadian rhythm of core body temperature in nickel chloride-treated rats. AB - To quantify the immediate hypothermic response to an injection of NiCl2, and to delineate the ensuing derangements of circadian rhythms, the core body temperature and physical activity of rats were monitored by radiotelemetry from a thermistor probe implanted in the peritoneal cavity. The rats were housed in individual cages in a quiet room at 20 +/- 1 degrees C with 12 h light/dark cycles. After an injection of NiCl2 (e.g., 250 mumol/kg), the core body temperature diminished to a nadir at 1.5 h and returned to the baseline at 4 h; core body temperature at 1.5 h post-dose averaged 3.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C below the simultaneous value in control rats. During the period from 8 to 80 h post-dose, the mean body temperature of NiCl2-treated rats did not differ from controls, but the amplitude of the diurnal cycle of body temperature was dampened and the acrophase of the temperature cycle was delayed from 10:32 pm to 3:00 am. These parameters returned towards the control values during the period from 80 to 152 h post-dose. Physical activity of rats was reduced during the period from 8 to 80 h post-dose and the amplitude of the diurnal cycle of physical activity was dampened, but the acrophase of the activity cycle was not retarded in synchrony with the temperature cycle. This study shows that, in addition to causing prompt hypothermia that lasts 4 h, injection of NiCl2 deranges the circadian rhythm of thermoregulation during 3 days after recovery from hypothermia, causing 4.5 h delay of the temperature acrophase. Thus, the transient bout of hypothermia evidently sets back the biological clock of thermoregulation. PMID- 3222525 TI - Effect of sofalcone on gastric mucous glycoprotein in experimental gastritis induced by sodium taurocholate. AB - Changes in gastric mucous glycoprotein (GP) and effects of the anti-ulcer agent, sofalcone, on experimental gastritis induced by 3 or 6 months administration of sodium taurocholate (TCA) were investigated. Macromolecular mucous GP determined as the hexose content, which was fractionated by gel filtration, was decreased with the development of gastritis. This was also demonstrated by the histochemical observations. Soluble mucus, which is easily released into the incubation medium, was significantly decreased, and the insoluble mucus remaining in the gastric mucosa was not changed in 3-month-old gastritis. On the other hand, insoluble mucus was significantly decreased in 6-month-old gastritis. Synthetic activity of mucous GP, which was determined by incorporation of [3H] glucosamine and [35S]-sulfate, was not changed in 3-month-old gastritis, but, it was markedly decreased in 6-month-old gastritis. The decrease in the content and the synthetic activity of macromolecular mucous GP in 6-month-old gastritis were significantly normalized by 3 weeks administration of sofalcone. The histochemical study also supported the therapeutic effect of sofalcone. These findings suggest that the therapeutic effect of sofalcone on experimental gastritis is closely associated with increased mucus synthesis. PMID- 3222528 TI - Chloroform mediated refractory state against ornithine decarboxylase induction by serial chloroform treatment. AB - The chloroform mediated refractory state against ornithine decarboxylase induction in male and female rat liver was further studied. One aspect of the investigation was to determine the duration of the induced refractory period while the other component focused on the extent to which the inhibitory effect was dependent upon the concentration of the first dose. When the dosing interval between the first and second dose was varied from 1 to 31 days, the magnitude of the resistance to further stimulation by chloroform only decreased gradually. In studies where the concentration of the first dose was varied while the dosing interval was fixed, it was concluded that the extent of the inhibitory effect was dependent upon the concentration of the first dose. PMID- 3222529 TI - Verapamil sensitizes cardiomyopathic hamsters to the effects of stress. AB - The major working hypothesis for the genesis of cardiac lesions in young cardiomyopathic hamsters is microvascular spasm--a process which is prevented with verapamil. Our work has shown that stress is often lethal to these animals. The purpose of this experiment was to see if verapamil blocked the effects of stress. Instead, we learned that the drug sensitized the animals to the effects of stress. PMID- 3222531 TI - Alcoholic bile does not intensify acute pancreatitis in rats. AB - The toxicity of intraductal injections of normal bile, bile obtained from rats receiving ethanol i.v., and normal bile mixed with ethanol at a concentration of 1.5 g/l to the pancreas were tested using male Wistar rats (n = 60). The animals were killed by exsanguinating the abdominal aorta 24 h after the induction of acute pancreatitis by a retrograde infusion into the pancreatic ducts, the pancreases resected, and histological samples taken from the constant place of the pancreas. The histological specimens were classified according to the degree of severity of pancreatitis. No statistically significant differences in the severity of acute pancreatitis were observed between the groups. In conclusion, ethanol given i.v. or ethanol mixed with normal rat bile do not increase the toxicity of an intraductal bile injection to the pancreas. Thus, the previously observed increased toxicity of alcoholic bile obtained from chronic alcoholic rats must be mediated by a change of some metabolites of bile. PMID- 3222530 TI - Right ventricular neuropeptide Y levels in a rat model of left ventricular failure. AB - Neuropeptide (NPY) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were measured in the right ventricle (RV) of rats with cardiac failure resulting from coronary artery ligation. RV NE concentrations fell significantly in rats with infarcts while RV NPY concentrations were unaltered. PMID- 3222532 TI - Isolation of clones from T24 cells and test of their sensitivity to adriamycin. AB - Two single cell clones, CL3 and CL7, were developed from T24 cells. CL3 had abundant cytoplasmic granules, while CL7 did not have as much. CL3 and CL7 exhibited a modal number of chromosomes at 69 and 74, respectively. CL7 had a higher growth rate than CL3, as indicated by in vitro cell growth, plating efficiency, and growth of the tumors produced in nude mice. CL3 was slightly susceptible to adriamycin toxicity as compared to CL7. PMID- 3222533 TI - Mechanical properties of fetal minipig lungs after substitution of surfactant with fluorocarbon and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. AB - Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is characterized by quantitative and qualitative disturbances of surface active substances (surfactant). Therefore, intratracheal surfactant substitution is a favored subject of clinical investigations. In our study we tried to inflate and stabilize lungs in two steps: first, lungs were rinsed with a fluorocarbon and, second, artificially ventilated with a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) aerosol, the mean component of surfactant. Sixteen isolated fetal minipig lungs of day 95 (85% of the total gestation period) were used. From one pair of lungs one lung served as control (group 1), whereas the other was treated with DPPC (group II). In both groups the lungs were rinsed first with a fluorocarbon (FC-72, surface tension 12 mN/m). This maneuver was followed by an artificial ventilation with an aerosol of either salt solution (group I) or DPPC (group II) for 40 min. To characterize lung mechanics, static pressure volume curves were registered at 0, 20, and 40 min after fluorocarbon lavage. Airway opening pressure (pi), end-inspiratory volume (vi), and weight-specific end-inspiratory lung compliance (ci) were investigated. As biochemical parameters of the lungs we determined phospholipidphosphate content and DPPC, sphingomyelin (SM), and lysophosphaditylcholine (LPC) of the lung tissue. Significant differences were found with regard to phospholipidphosphate and DPPC content. No difference was seen in static pressure volume diagrams at the end of the investigation period. PMID- 3222535 TI - Effect of parathyroidectomy on arterial hypertrophy, vascular lesions, and aortic calcium content in deoxycorticosterone-induced hypertension. AB - Parathyroidectomy (Px) did not prevent the development of deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-induced hypertension inasmuch as the systolic blood pressure at 4 weeks did not differ from that of parathyroid intact, DOC-treated rats. Px, however, ameliorated the percent incidence and severity index of hypertension-induced vascular lesions in the heart and kidney. There was less hyaline change in the coronary artery and renal arteriole and fewer scars in the myocardium of Px + DOC rats than in DOC-treated animals. Arterial hypertrophy in aorta, coronary artery, renal interlobular artery, and renal arteriole in hypertensive animals was not affected by Px. The aortic content of total calcium in the Px-hypertensive rats was reduced significantly as compared to parathyroid-intact hypertensive rats. The abdominal aorta in the Px + DOC group showed a greater reduction in calcium than the thoracic aorta. We conclude that calcium may not be essential in mediating hypertension-induced vascular hypertrophy. Parathyroidectomy permitted a separation of high blood pressure-hypertrophy from hyaline vascular lesions in DOC-induced hypertensive rats, likely acting upon endothelial cells to prevent movement of plasma proteins (hyaline change) from the vascular lumen into the media-subendothelial space of blood vessels. PMID- 3222534 TI - External 113Inm and 99Tcm radiation detection of lung edema induced by oleic acid in the guinea pig. AB - The establishment of a small animal model for studies of lung injury is in great demand. Therefore, a double radioisotope labeling method was applied to study the dynamics of lung injury with protein-rich edema in the anesthetized guinea pig. One external scintillation detector was placed over the lung and another over the heart, where they continuously sampled the energy spectrum of 113Inm labeled transferrin, a macromolecular marker, and 99Tcm labeled red blood cells (RBC), a blood pool marker. Lung injury was induced by i.v. oleic acid in doses of 0.03 and 0.06 ml/kg b.wt. infused for 10 min. We calculated the rate of increase of accumulated 113Inm-transferrin in the lung corrected for blood pool changes. Macromolecular leakage showed a graded response in regression line-slope (RLS) to oleic acid. Both oleic acid groups showed significantly different RLSs as compared to the saline control (mean +/- SD x 10(-3) min-1; 0.03 ml: 3.86 +/- 1.01 (n = 7); 0.06 ml: 10.75 +/- 4.06 (n = 6), and control 1.12 +/- 1.19 (n = 6]. Assays of changes of acid-base balance, cell dynamics, and lung wet-dry weight were in accordance with the occurrence of lung edema. The RLS was well correlated with the lung wet-dry weight (r = 0.98). We conclude that measurements of pulmonary edema in guinea pigs can be performed quantitatively with the aid of external detection of radiolabeled transferrin and RBC:s. Thus, the method could be useful in further studies on mechanisms and/or treatment of protein-rich lung edema. PMID- 3222536 TI - Liver glycogen in gangrenous intestinal obstruction. AB - Considerable drops in liver glycogen contents of guinea pigs suffering from gangrenous intestinal obstruction were recorded in regard to control values (P less than 0.001). An additional experiment was conducted by using carbontetrachloride (CT) to determine whether or not the shortening of survival related to liver glycogen content in animals with strangulation obstruction. The mean tissue glycogen content in the sham-operated group was 816.2 +/- 13.3 micrograms/g, w. wt., whereas in the CT-treated group it was 73.5 +/- 11.0 micrograms/g w. wt. This difference is highly significant (P less than 0.001). The mean survival was 54.4 +/- 5.8 h and 21.9 +/- 5.5 h in animals with gangrenous intestinal obstruction before and after CT treatment, respectively. These results suggested that the liver glycogen depletion was a significant factor in decreasing the survival time of guinea pigs with strangulation obstruction. PMID- 3222537 TI - Altered disposition of propylthiouracil in cats with hyperthyroidism. AB - The oral and intravenous disposition of the anti-thyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU) was determined in six clinically healthy cats and four cats with naturally occurring hyperthyroidism. Compared with the normal cats, the mean plasma elimination half-life of PTU was significantly (P less than 0.001) shorter in the hyperthyroid cats (77.5 +/- 5.8 minutes compared with 125.5 +/- 3.7 minutes) and the total body clearance of PTU was significantly (P less than 0.05) more rapid in the cats with hyperthyroidism (5.1 +/- 0.8 ml kg-1 min-1 compared with 2.7 +/- 0.2 ml kg-1 min-1). Following oral administration, both the bioavailability (59.7 +/- 4.9 per cent compared with 73.3 +/- 3.7 per cent) and peak plasma concentrations (14.5 +/- 1.6 micrograms ml-1 compared with 18.9 +/- 0.9 micrograms ml-1) of PTU were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the hyperthyroid cats than in the control cats. No difference was noted, however, between the apparent volume of distribution for PTU in the two groups of cats. Overall, results of this study indicate that the oral bioavailability of PTU is decreased and PTU disposition is accelerated in cats with hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3222538 TI - Experimental chloramphenicol intoxication in neonatal calves: intravenous administration. AB - Chloramphenicol was administered intravenously for eight to 17 days to five newborn calves at a daily dosage of 100 mg kg-1. Haemodynamic, haematological, blood chemistry, serum enzyme, urinalysis and clinical responses were evaluated. High levels of serum chloramphenicol were observed throughout the study although a marked increase in elimination rate was seen with increasing age. The most severe adverse effects were severe hypotension following rapid intravenous administration and severe gastrointestinal dysfunction with diarrhoea accompanying prolonged high dosage. There appeared to have been a haematological effect in one calf, but it was of minor significance compared with the other effects. PMID- 3222539 TI - Effect of selenium on sheep lymphocyte responses to mitogens. AB - The effect of selenium (Se) on sheep lymphocyte response to mitogens was studied. In an indoor experiment lambs were fed a basal diet containing 0.13 mg Se kg-1, and supplemented with, respectively, 0.1 or 0.5 mg Se kg-1, either as sodium selenite or as selenomethionine. Enhancement of the proliferative response of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and concanavalin A was found in lambs following selenium supplementation at the lower levels. The highest dietary selenium content, however, induced decreased mitogen response. Transient increases in lymphocyte response to PHA and PWM by ewes supplemented with selenium was demonstrated in one field study and a combined effect of selenium and vitamin E was seen in another. There was no stimulatory effect on the mitogen response of lymphocytes from sheep supplemented with dietary vitamin E alone. PMID- 3222540 TI - Factors affecting the composition of mare uterine fluid. AB - The influx of protein and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) into the uterine lumen was examined at different intervals after intrauterine infusion of fluids. The intrauterine infusion of both phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and a solution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli resulted in a biphasic influx of protein in the uterine flushings peaking three and six hours after infusion. LPS infusion caused an additional influx of protein at 24 hours. The initial influx of protein preceded a biphasic influx of PMN which peaked six and 24 hours after both infusions. Uterine flushings obtained following PBS and LPS infusion contained both serum-derived and uterine-specific proteins. To investigate whether the influxes were a general response to reproductive mucosal stimulation, several regions of the reproductive tract were subjected to physical manipulation. Results suggested that these influxes were initiated chiefly by stimulation of the cervical and, or, uterine region. PMID- 3222541 TI - Action of the anticoccidial clazuril on the endogenous stages of Eimeria labbeana and E columbarum in experimentally infected pigeons. AB - Racing pigeons were artificially infected with a mixed inoculum of Eimeria labbeana (85 per cent) and E columbarum (15 per cent) and treated orally with 2.5 mg clazuril either on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 after infection. The impact of the treatment on the different developmental stages was evaluated by oocyst output and by histological examination of the duodenum and jejunum. The life cycle always became completely interrupted, but maximal effects were noted when treatment was given on day 4, 5 or 6 after infection. Treatment during patency completely interrupted oocyst excretion within three days after dosing. Degenerative changes in schizonts and gametocytes were always observed. The histology revealed a reduced number and abnormal structure of developing merozoites; a ballooned aspect and presence of numerous small vacuoles in the microgametocytes; the absence of typical wall-forming bodies in macrogametocytes and a complete absence of oocysts. It is concluded that clazuril has a coccidiocidal effect on the asexual and sexual developmental stages of both Eimeria species, resulting in a complete interruption of the life cycle. PMID- 3222542 TI - Production of strains of the sheep parasite Ostertagia circumcincta by implantation of adult parasites into the abomasum of lambs. AB - The implantation of a single pair of adult parasites of Ostertagia circumcincta via the abomasa of four lambs resulted in the production of 19, 53, 393 and 425 viable larvae after faecal culture using faeces collected from day 6 to day 20 after implantation. Implantation of a single female parasite into two lambs failed to produce larvae. PMID- 3222543 TI - Thyroid hormone concentrations in selenium deficient and selenium sufficient cattle. AB - Selenium deficient calves when compared to selenium supplemented calves had increased plasma thyroxine concentrations and decreased plasma tri-iodothyronine concentrations. These changes in the selenium deficient calves were accompanied by significant increases in plasma urea and creatinine concentrations and decreased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. The demonstration that low selenium status can cause imbalances in thyroid hormone metabolism may provide an explanation for some of the effects of the deficiency. PMID- 3222544 TI - Hypergastrinaemia of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. AB - Radioimmunoassay of plasma gastrin has shown that a hypergastrinaemia occurs in yearling sheep, after infection with 10(6) infective third stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Plasma gastrin concentrations began to rise two to four days after infection, that is, at about the same time as, or slightly before, the abomasal pH was observed to increase. PMID- 3222545 TI - Technique for physiological examination of canine skeletal muscle in vivo. AB - A technique is described for studying the physiological function of canine skeletal muscle in vivo. The contractile properties of the tarsal flexor muscles were examined in three beagle dogs under general anaesthesia. The force responses to electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve were measured at various frequencies to determine the frequency:force relationship for this muscle group. Fatigue characteristics were also examined during intermittent stimulated activity delivered in a set pattern of frequencies. The results provide quantitative characterisation of muscle function which is repeatable. The technique described could be applied to other animals and is a potentially powerful tool for evaluating the effects of drugs on muscle performance. PMID- 3222546 TI - Blood gastrin and pepsinogen responses to subclinical infection with Ostertagia ostertagi in adult dairy cattle. AB - Blood gastrin and pepsinogen responses to a single infection with 100,000 Ostertagia ostertagi infective larvae in lactating dairy cows were investigated. None of the infected cows showed signs of clinical ostertagiasis, nor was there any difference in live weight gain, milk yield or faecal egg count between groups. Pepsinogen levels of the infected group were significantly elevated between days 3 and 24 after infection (peak 1041 mU tyrosine; day 14). In contrast, there was no significant difference in blood gastrin levels between infected and control animals suggesting that few adult worms had become established in the former group. These data are compared with the increases in both gastrin and pepsinogen levels recorded in susceptible calves exposed to the same level, pattern and strain of ostertagia infection in a previous experiment. It is suggested that gastrin assay may be of value in adult cattle for indicating when elevated pepsinogen levels are merely associated with a rise in larval intake and not with the establishment of large adult worm burdens. PMID- 3222547 TI - Plasma protein binding of an N-pyrrolyl derivative penicillin in several mammalian species. AB - The extents of protein binding of an N-pyrrolyl derivative penicillin in plasma of different species were determined in vitro by the equilibrium dialysis technique and spectrophotometry determination. The percentage of binding was determined in cows, sheep, pigs and dogs. The percentage of drug that was protein bound was independent of drug concentration for this penicillin within the range studied (5 to 40 micrograms ml-1). The extent of binding was determined at 20 micrograms ml-1. There was a significant difference in the extent of penicillin binding between species (t test P less than 0.005) except for between cows and dogs (t test P less than 0.05) and sheep and pigs (where it was not significantly different). In the species studied the extent of penicillin binding ranged from 41 to 55 per cent. PMID- 3222548 TI - Vaccination against experimental staphylococcal mastitis in ewes. AB - Experiments were carried out in ewes using a new vaccine developed for the prevention of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The vaccine comprised three major components: (i) killed S aureus cells which had been cultured to induce synthesis of pseudocapsule; (ii) toxoided staphylococcal beta haemolysin and (iii) the adjuvant dextran sulphate. Ewes systemically vaccinated twice during pregnancy developed significantly elevated circulating levels of IgG1 and IgG2 anti-pseudocapsule antibody, as well as increased serum titres of anti-beta haemolysin. Five different strains of S aureus were used to challenge both vaccinated and control ewes by the intramammary route during the ensuing lactation. The incidence of acute gangrenous mastitis and nonacute, clinical mastitis was significantly lower in vaccinated than in control groups after challenge with each strain. Vaccinated ewes produced significantly more milk than control ewes after challenge with four of the five strains of S aureus. PMID- 3222549 TI - Use of counter immunoelectrophoresis in detection of antibodies to tickborne fever. AB - A micromethod using the counter immunoelectrophoresis technique for the detection of antibodies to Cytoecetes phagocytophila, the causative agent of tickborne fever (TBF) is described. Antibodies were first detected nine to 11 days after experimental infection of lambs with TBF and persisted for six to 10 weeks after infection. The test was also applied to approximately 440 field samples of ovine sera collected from tick infested farms in Scotland and the north of England, 16 per cent of which proved positive and showed a marked seasonal variation. PMID- 3222550 TI - Effect of strategic anthelmintic treatment and pasture management on productivity and control of nematode parasites in weaner-yearling beef cattle. AB - Three groups of 17 beef calves were used to evaluate effects of strategic anthelmintic treatment on safe (group 1) and contaminated (group 2) pasture in comparison with minimal treatment at weaning and contaminated pasture (group 3). The investigation extended from weaning in November 1982 to the following August. Results of faecal egg counts, herbage larval counts, plasma pepsinogen and tracer calf worm counts in autumn and spring indicated minimal levels of infection on safe pastures provided in November and April (group 1). A decided weight gain advantage for group 1 was achieved from November to April, but the rate of gain was not consistent after April and transfer to the second safe pasture. Final average weights in late August were: group 1, 368 kg; group 2, 336 kg; group 3, 262 kg. All were significantly different (P less than 0.05). Worm counts from representative yearlings in September revealed low to moderate levels of Ostertagia ostertagi in group 1. In contrast group 2 cattle had large, almost exclusively O ostertagi infections; group 3 cattle had exceedingly high levels of Trichostrongylus axei infection and moderate to high levels of O ostertagi. Marginal evidence of type 2 ostertagiasis was observed in individual animals of group 2 and group 3. PMID- 3222551 TI - Influence of selenium on antibody production in sheep. AB - Three experiments were carried out, using sheep fed a marginally low selenium diet, to study the effect of selenium supplementation on the antibody response to tetanus toxoid and on the serum IgG concentration. Six groups of three six-month old lambs were fed a basal diet containing 0.13 mg Se kg-1 supplemented with either 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg Se kg-1, as sodium selenite or as selenomethionine. These animals generally showed enhanced antibody response to tetanus toxoid, parainfluenza-3 virus and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and their total serum IgG concentrations were higher than in unsupplemented control animals although few responses were statistically significant. In two field studies significantly higher titres to tetanus toxoid were detected in ewes injected with 100 mg selenium as barium selenate, although no influence on serum IgG concentrations was detected. Lambs from selenium supplemented ewes had significantly higher titres to tetanus toxoid than lambs from ewes in the control group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation had a similar effect on the antibody response to tetanus toxoid in ewes, though no additive effect was seen when vitamin E was given together with selenium. PMID- 3222552 TI - Influence of dietary protein on the pathophysiology of haemonchosis in lambs given continuous infections. AB - Mixed-sex groups of three-month-old Finn Dorset and Dorset Horn lambs were given complete diets containing either high or low protein. A trickle infection with Haemonchus contortus of 200 larvae, given three times a week, began one month later for a 17 week period. Erythrokinetic, metabolic, digestibility and balance studies were conducted with the male lambs during weeks 12 to 14 of the infection. Clinical signs of haemonchosis became evident only in the low protein diet group. The infection was characterised by severe macrocytic anaemia, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, reduced survival, high egg counts and a significantly greater worm burden. In the high protein diet group many lambs developed resistance to further infection in contrast to the low protein group in which no resistance developed. Live-weight gain was not affected by infection in the high protein diet group but decreased in the lambs given the low protein diet compared with uninfected controls. However, infection did not appear adversely to affect the digestive efficiency, nitrogen retention or iron absorption in either dietary group although loss of appetite occurred in the low protein group. Examination of a sample joint from the carcases showed infection was associated with a marked reduction in muscle mass in lambs given the low protein diet relative to the control animals. PMID- 3222553 TI - Larval development test for detection of anthelmintic resistant nematodes. AB - The growth, using freshly cultured Escherichia coli with ampicillin or heat treated lyophilised E coli as a food source, of the larvae of the mouse nematode Nematospiroides dubius and the infectivity of resulting third stage larvae were determined. Concentrations of E coli between 0.5 and 1 mg dry weight ml-1 permitted optimal larval development for both N dubius and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Development of larvae of susceptible and cambendazole-resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus in thiabendazole solutions showed clear differences between the strains and the larval development test was more sensitive than the egg hatch test. The test also detected a levamisole resistant strain of H contortus, although the degree of resistance could not be adequately measured. It is concluded that the test can be run with any anthelmintic to which resistance is suspected. PMID- 3222554 TI - Nematodirus infection in lambs on an alternate grazing system of husbandry. AB - The epidemiology of Nematodirus battus infection under a husbandry system based on an annual alternation of sheep and cattle was studied from 1983 to 1985. Pasture larval levels and sheep and cattle worm egg outputs were monitored from April to September each year. The level of N battus contamination on the sheep pasture and the number of clinically affected lambs increased over the three years despite grazing with cattle in the intervening year. Examination of cattle faeces demonstrated that six-month-old calves excreted moderate numbers of N battus eggs in June and July, thus contaminating next season's sheep grazing. PMID- 3222555 TI - Antibody responses of sheep vaccinated with foot rot vaccines. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and crossed immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) were used to investigate antibody responses of sheep vaccinated with a double adjuvanted or single adjuvanted commercial foot rot vaccine. ELISA detected an antibody response of greater magnitude to the double adjuvant vaccine compared with the single adjuvant vaccine. Sera from sheep vaccinated with double adjuvant vaccine recognised at least six antigens of Bacteroides nodosus in crossed IEP while sera from the single adjuvant vaccinated sheep recognised one antigen. The use of non-denatured antigens of B nodosus in ELISA and crossed IEP enabled quantitative comparisons of antibody responses to the different foot rot vaccines to be made. PMID- 3222556 TI - Effect of exercise on the vascular pattern in the bone extremities of broiler fowl. AB - The vascular morphology of the proximal femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus was studied in growing broiler chicks. A carousel was used to exercise one group of 24 birds for four periods of 15 minutes each day. A second group (controls) were not exercised. Some birds were killed during the course of the experiment, and the remainder after 25 days of exercise when they were 33 days old. After killing the limbs were perfused and the bone extremities cleared. The bone extremities were then cut into 1 mm thick slabs and examined. There were abnormalities of the physis and physeal vasculature in 18 (25 per cent) of the bone extremities from the exercised birds and in 24 (40 per cent) of the bone extremities from the unexercised (control) birds. The low level of activity in the unexercised fowls of the present study appeared to contribute to these abnormalities. PMID- 3222557 TI - Effect of dyschondroplasia on the rate of bone growth in the fowl. AB - A group of Leghorn and a group of broiler chicks were reared from day old. At two weeks old a metallic marker was placed unilaterally in the mid-diaphysis of the femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus of every chick. After the operation the limbs were radiographed. After a period of growth the birds were killed and the radiographs repeated. Measurements from the radiographs enabled the calculation of the rate of growth at the bone extremities. There were metaphyseal defects indicative of dyschondroplasia present in some of the broiler bone extremities, these bones were considered as a separate group. When the Leghorn and normal broilers were compared there was a significant reduction in the proportion of growth in the proximal tibiotarsus of the broilers. The dyschondroplastic bone extremities in broilers demonstrated a reduction in the proportional growth rate compared with normal extremities. PMID- 3222558 TI - Relationship between the rate of longitudinal bone growth and physeal thickness in the growing fowl. AB - The thickness of the physeal cartilage (growth plate) was measured and the rate of longitudinal bone growth estimated in the femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus of different groups of domestic fowl. Birds were either a laying strain or broiler strain fed ad libitum, or a broiler strain on restricted feed. They were killed at different ages from hatching to 10 weeks and the mean thickness of the physeal cartilage and the mean estimated rate of longitudinal bone growth was calculated in the proximal bone extremities. Mean physeal thickness varied from 0.185 to 0.825 mm and longitudinal growth rates between 1.85 and 8.4 mm per week. When growth rates were plotted against physeal thickness the resulting scatter diagram suggested a positive linear relationship between the two. This study provides a range of baseline values for the assessment of proximal physeal thickness in other groups of fowl. PMID- 3222559 TI - Mithun cross siri hybrids: cyto- and immunogenetic examinations and characterisation of abnormal spermatogenesis. AB - Cytogenetic studies of the mithun (Bos frontalis), the siri (Bos indicus) and their hybrids, as well as histological examinations of testes and epididymis of siri and hybrids were undertaken to throw further light on male hybrid infertility and interspecies incompatibility, in order to facilitate the possible development of a stable interspecies crossbreed which would be similar to the highly profitable jatsum, the female mithun cross siri hybrid. In both species there are distinct centromeric heteromorphisms which should provide a rich source of genetic markers for tracing chromosomes in controlled hybrid programmes. The nucleolar organisers in the F1 hybrids were derived from both parents, in contrast to other interspecies hybrids where the nucleolar organisers of one species tend to be suppressed by the other. This indicates a relatively close relationship between mithun and siri and supports the prospect of success for developing a stable crossbreed. Transferrins which may also be a useful source of genetic markers were identified and differences between siris and mithuns noted, especially in the D-bands. No A-bands were found in the siris and no E-bands in the mithuns. Whether this is a breed or species characteristic will have to be confirmed by examination of more animals. The findings on blood groups and haemoglobins, including differences between the two species, were similar to results obtained previously. In meiosis the sex vesicles were intact which indicates that infertility and incompatibility factors should be located in autosomes. In cytogenetic and histological examinations the testes of the siris were comparable to those of European cattle, while in all hybrids spermatogenetic activity was deficient although there were great differences between and within generations. While the exact mechanism of this diversity is not known at this stage, it should make it possible to select for increased male hybrid fertility which would be a prerequisite for developing a stable interspecies crossbreed. This selection would be facilitated by correlating infertility and incompatibility with genetic profiles and markers. A mithun cross siri crossbreed would also serve as a model for other interspecies breeding. PMID- 3222560 TI - Mechanism of increased collateral airway resistance during inhomogeneous inflation of excised dog lungs. AB - Collateral airway resistance was measured during inflation of an excised lung lobe or a segment within the lobe. Gas blown into the outer lumen of a double lumen catheter (Vcoll) inflated the segment and exited via collateral airways. Pressure at the catheter tip (Pct) was measured through the inner lumen of the catheter, and transpulmonary pressure (Pao) was measured at the lobar bronchus. A pleural capsule measured pressure in the segmental subpleural alveoli (Ps). The segment was inflated with helium (He), air, or sulfurhexafluoride; the lobe was ventilated with air. Collateral airway resistance [Rcoll = (Pct-Pao)/Vcoll], intrasegmental airway resistance [Rs = (Pct-Ps)/Vcoll], and resistance of airways passing through the segment-lobar interface [Ri = (Ps-Pao)/Vcoll] were calculated. Rcoll, Rs, and Ri were decreased by lobar inflation and increased by segment inflation. The latter increase was due to nonlaminar flow in intrasegmental airways. The major resistance was Ri when Vcoll was laminar or transitional. Moody plots suggested that lobar inflation caused intrasegmental airway dilation whereas segment inflation did not affect segment airway geometry. PMID- 3222561 TI - The effects of electrical stimulation of myelinated and non-myelinated vagal motor fibres on airway tone in the rabbit and the cat. AB - The bronchomotor effects of repetitive electrical stimulation of the peripheral end of the cervical vagus nerves were studied in anaesthetized and paralysed rabbits and cats. Stimulation of either myelinated or of all motor vagal fibres was obtained by varying the duration of electrical square pulses. In rabbits, selective stimulation of myelinated vagal fibres induced a bronchoconstriction, strongly potentiated by the recruitment of non-myelinated fibres. This potentiation was absent in cats. After ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium, the vagally mediated bronchoconstriction was abolished in rabbits, while a slight and transient effect persisted in cats. Propranolol did not modify the bronchoconstrictor response to vagal stimulation, which was abolished after further injection of atropine in both species. When propranolol plus atropine was administered and airway tone was increased by continuous i.v. injection of bronchoconstrictor agonists, the stimulation of vagal motor fibres was devoid of any bronchomotor effect in rabbits. However, in cats this resulted in a strong bronchodilation, which was doubled after recruitment of non-myelinated fibres. Thus, in the latter species preganglionic vagal motor fibres participate in the non-adrenergic-non-cholinergic vagal system. Amongst them, non-myelinated fibres play an important role. PMID- 3222563 TI - Intrapulmonary receptors in the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). AB - Receptors in the respiratory system of anesthetized, unidirectionally ventilated garter snakes were analyzed from single-unit vagal recordings. Three types of receptors were found: rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors (RARs), slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (SARs) and intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPCs). RARs gave a burst of activity when the lung was inflated or deflated. Discharge frequency of SARs increased during a sustained elevation of intrapulmonary pressure (PIP); a step increase in PIP usually caused an overshoot in receptor activity that slowly adapted to a new tonic level during the sustained inflation. The activity of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPCs) decreased when airway CO2 was raised. A sudden removal of CO2 caused a striking overshoot in activity which slowly adapted. Receptor discharge of SARs and IPCs was studied at 20, 25 and 30 degrees C. Discharge frequency increased with increasing temperature. The Q10 of discharge frequency averaged 3.0 for IPCs and 1.5 for SARs. Temperature clearly had a profound effect on pulmonary receptor activity; however, the relative change of activity of IPCs or SARs to a given stimulus was similar regardless of body temperature, and since the body temperature of snakes varies considerably, this may have important implications regarding the control of breathing in these animals. PMID- 3222562 TI - Naloxone enhances the response to hypercapnia of spinal and cranial respiratory nerves. AB - To assess the effects of endogenous opiates on respiratory muscle responses to CO2, naloxone was administered intravenously to paralyzed, vagotomized and artificially ventilated cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Neural activity was recorded from the phrenic, hypoglossal (HG), glossopharyngeal (GP) and recurrent laryngeal (RL) nerves. Before naloxone, phasic activity began first in the phrenic at a PETCO2 of 30.0 +/- 1.8 Torr, followed by the RL at a PETCO2 of 33.5 +/- 1.7 Torr, the HG at a PETCO2 of 39.9 +/- 2.1 Torr and the GP at a PETCO2 of 42.5 +/- 2.2 Torr during CO2 rebreathing. Naloxone had no significant effect on the apneic threshold of any of the nerves studied. Naloxone did, however, increase respiratory frequency (P less than 0.01) mainly by causing a significant (P less than 0.01) shortening of TE as it had no significant effect on TI. Naloxone also significantly increased the rate at which peak nerve activity increased with CO2 in the HG (P less than 0.01) and the GP (P less than 0.01) nerves, but not in the phrenic and RL nerves. Instead, the maximum activity produced by hypercapnia and the PETCO2 level at which maximum activity occurred in the phrenic, but not the RL, increased after naloxone. The result of these effects was that naloxone extended the range over which the HG and GP behaved proportionally with the phrenic, but it did not change the curvilinear nature of these relationships. PMID- 3222564 TI - Rate of ventilatory acclimatization to extreme altitude. AB - One of the most important factors in the acclimatization of lowlanders to high altitude is hyperventilation which helps to defend the alveolar PO2. However, how rapidly this occurs at very high altitude is poorly understood. Information can be obtained by comparing the alveolar gas values reported from the extended low pressure chamber studies, Operation Everest I and II, and the American medical research expedition to Everest (AMREE) of 1981. Rahn and Otis (1949) reported the alveolar PO2 and PCO2 values for non-acclimatized and well-acclimatized man on an O2-CO2 diagram, and pointed out that the Operation Everest I data fell approximately halfway between the two curves. The AMREE data agree well with the fully-acclimatized curve, and the Operation Everest II values are intermediate. The differences can be partly, though not wholly, attributed to the different periods of acclimatization. The conclusion is that 31 and 36 days are inadequate periods of acclimatization for altitudes over 8000 m, but that 77 days is sufficient. However, other factors are also involved. PMID- 3222566 TI - Diffusive resistance of avian eggshell pores. AB - Resistance to gas diffusion through the avian eggshell resides in the microscopic pores which penetrate the shell. We calculated the resistance to water vapor diffusion of individual pores in the shells of 23 species of avian eggs, based on measurements of pore dimensions taken from drawings of 321 pore casts published by Tyler (1962, 1964, 1965) and Tyler and Simkiss (1959). Diffusive resistances were calculated from Fick's first law, using a 100-segment model of each pore. In addition, we added 2 series resistances, calculated from Stefan's law, to account for boundary layer resistances at the inner and outer pore apertures. Convective resistances for the same 100-segment model were computed from Poiseuille's law. A special, symmetrically branching model is presented for the diffusive resistance of the branched pores of ostrich eggshells, based on the drawings of Tyler and Simkiss (1959). The total aperture resistance was less than 6.2% of total pore resistance, while the outside aperture effect was on average only 1.5%. The calculated average pore conductance for all species was 5.4 micrograms (day Torr) 1, about three times higher than the average value of 1.6 micrograms (day Torr)-1 obtained by dividing measured shell conductance by the number of pores (Ar and Rahn, 1985). A possible explanation for this discrepancy is advanced. However, it is to be noted that in spite of the discrepancy, both calculated and functional values of pore conductance appear to be independent of egg mass. PMID- 3222565 TI - Response of the goat carotid body to acute and prolonged hypercapnia. AB - The effect of prolonged hypercapnia on carotid chemoreceptor discharge frequency has not been elucidated. In addition, the effect of acute hypercapnia on chemoreceptor discharge has not been determined in the goat, a species commonly used for ventilatory control studies. Therefore, we determined the effects of acute and prolonged normoxic-hypercapnia on single fiber output of the carotid body of chloralose anesthetized goats. The animals were paralyzed and artificially ventilated. The average acute response curve for 12 single fibers was linear over the range of 30-80 Torr PaCO2 with a mean slope of 0.115 +/- 0.057 (SD) imp.sec-1.Torr-1 PaCO2. Elevated discharge frequency was maintained during prolonged (up to 240 min, n = 11) steady-state hypercapnia (X PaCO2 = 85 Torr). No systematic time-dependent changes in afferent discharge frequency occurred during the period. The findings obtained during sustained hypercapnia are in contrast to the time-dependent increase in carotid body activity seen previously in our laboratory with prolonged normocapnic-hypoxia of up to 240 min duration. PMID- 3222568 TI - Differing patterns of capillary distribution in fish and mammalian skeletal muscle. AB - The heterogeneity of capillary supply to muscles of different metabolic capacity and fibre size was assessed in slow and fast muscles from a fish and a mammal. The area surrounding each capillary delineated by equidistant boundaries from adjacent vessels, the capillary domain, was derived from morphometric analysis of histological sections. This 2-D integration of intercapillary distances may reveal heterogeneity of supply that is hidden by a global approach, especially when compared with the more usual 0- and 1-D indices of capillarisation. Mean radii of the equivalent Kroghian tissue cylinders (R) and heterogeneity of their lognormal distribution, represented by the logarithmic standard deviation (LogSD), were calculated. In eel slow muscle there was a 35-fold greater capillary density (CD) than fast muscle (698 vs 20 mm-2) although heterogeneity of capillary spacing was similar (LogSD congruent to 0.06). The difference in CD between slow and fast muscles of rat was less pronounced, but there was significantly lower heterogeneity in the aerobic tissue (LogSD = 0.08 vs 0.10) corresponding to a range in domain area of around 350-2300 microns 2 and 400-2900 microns 2, respectively. The overall capillary to fibre ratio (C:F) is inappropriate for sparse networks where many fibres lack direct capillary contact. The cumulative fraction of individual domains overlapping a muscle fibre (local capillary to fibre ratio, LCFR) plotted against fibre area showed the best correlation of any index in all tissue and was strongest in both fish muscles (r = 0.9), indicating a functionally homologous spatial distribution of capillaries with respect to muscle fibres in tissue of widely differing oxidative capacity. These data suggest that maximal oxygen supply to, or metabolite removal from, muscle fibres is not restricted to contiguous capillaries but also involves those remote from the fibre surface. PMID- 3222567 TI - Ventilatory response to carbonic anhydrase inhibition in cats: effects of acetazolamide in intact vs peripherally chemodenervated animals. AB - Hyperventilation induced by red cell carbonic anhydrase inhibition (CAI) has been observed frequently; its mechanism, however, is still obscure. In the present study in anaesthetized cats, we have investigated the effect of 50 mg/kg acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, on ventilation. In order to determine the role of the peripheral chemoreceptors, we compared the response in peripherally chemodenervated and intact cats. Furthermore, in cats with intact peripheral chemoreceptors, we determined hypoxic sensitivity before and 2 h after i.v. infusion of the drug. In all animals, acetazolamide caused a large increase in ventilation. However, the peripherally chemodenervated animals developed a significantly larger response than the intact animals (respectively about 200 and 100% increases in ventilation). The first group also showed a significantly larger fall in PACO2. In the intact animals studied, acetazolamide virtually abolished the hypoxic sensitivity which existed before infusion of the drug. We conclude that acetazolamide, at the dose studied, causes a decrease in activity of the peripheral chemoreceptors, and also a decrease (c.q. removal) of their sensitivity to PaO2 changes. The increase in ventilation by acetazolamide is probably caused by an action of the drug on the central nervous system, possibly on the central chemoreceptors. PMID- 3222570 TI - Emergency medicine and critical care. II. PMID- 3222571 TI - Anesthetic considerations in the critical geriatric patient. PMID- 3222569 TI - Comparative aspects of canine and human atopic dermatitis. PMID- 3222572 TI - [Aids in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in 1988]. PMID- 3222573 TI - [Extradigestive administration of estrogens: value in the treatment of menopause]. PMID- 3222574 TI - [Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease]. PMID- 3222575 TI - [2 cases of pulmonary paraffinosis]. PMID- 3222576 TI - [Acute lethal respiratory distress syndrome after accidental immersion in mineral oil]. PMID- 3222577 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia electrocardiographic and hemodynamic study]. PMID- 3222578 TI - [Mediacalcosis and pseudo-arterial hypertension in diabetics: value of the Osler maneuver]. PMID- 3222579 TI - [Renal failure is facultative in Moschcowitz's syndrome: apropos of a case with a fatal course]. PMID- 3222580 TI - [Sleep apnea, polycythemia and hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3222581 TI - Smoking among schoolchildren: prevention of onset--a challenge for primary health care. PMID- 3222583 TI - Antenatal care in general practice in Sweden. I. A descriptive study of problems, measures and outcome in a defined population. AB - This study followed the progress of 143 expectant mothers from their registration at the antenatal clinic, via delivery, to the postnatal check-up. The population was an all-inclusive material from a well-defined geographical area. All problems arising and their treatment or other measures were recorded at the district antenatal clinic, at the district Health Centre, at the hospital antenatal clinic, and at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Common problems were backache and abdominal pain, infections in the vagina or in the urinary tract, and threat of miscarriage or premature birth. About 40% of the women had received at least one medical prescription during pregnancy, and a similar proportion were sicklisted at some time. The outcome of delivery in this material was comparable to figures for Sweden in general and to results reported from Great Britain. PMID- 3222582 TI - Predictors of non-adoption of cigarette smoking following experimentation. AB - The Childhood Antecedents of Smoking Study (CASS) investigated patterns of cigarette smoking among junior and senior high school students in an upper midwest school district. Four biannual school-based surveys were conducted over two years. A cohort of 72 smokers was identified and followed to determine who continued smoking and who quit. Discriminant analysis was used to study social, psychological, and environmental factors predictive of quitting smoking. Compared to continuing smokers, quitters reported having fewer friends and siblings who smoked, they were less likely to view the cigarette smoker's image as positive, and lived in families where parental involvement with teenagers was high (based on the reports of parents). These results are consistent with the view that social influences are strong determinants of patterns of adolescent smoking behaviour. PMID- 3222584 TI - Antenatal care in general practice in Sweden. II. A study of work allocation between district physician and obstetrician. AB - In this study, 143 women were carefully observed throughout their pregnancy. The population was an all-inclusive material from a well-defined geographical area. Altogether 688 visits to the physician and 1504 visits to the midwife were registered. At the district antenatal clinic about 80% of the mothers could be helped by the district midwife and the district physician. About 10% required some specialist attention, while the remaining 10% required attention at the hospital antenatal clinic. The district physician dealt with 62% of the obstetric problems and 75% of the non-obstetric problems. The cases referred to the hospital antenatal clinic (20%) had a high proportion of complications, e.g. 54% of the caesarean sections and 43% of the babies sent to the neonatal clinic. PMID- 3222585 TI - The psychological aspects of the doctor-patient interaction in the healing process. General practitioners' attitudes and beliefs. AB - The present study had three main objectives. To survey: 1) General practitioners' views on the possibility of influencing different diseases by psychological means. 2) GPs' views on the doctor/patient relationship. 3) GPs' general interest in psychosomatic issues. Altogether 180 GPs completed the questionnaire. GPs found chronic disorders to be more easily influenced by psychological means that acute disorders, and they prefer the counsellor aspects of the doctor role to the caretaker aspects. They think psychosomatic issues are very relevant to their daily work. PMID- 3222586 TI - The general practitioner and the family. A study of the use of general practitioners' services by families with children. AB - The extent of the GP's contact with families with children, and the influence of family characteristics upon the utilization of health care have been registered. Seventy-one families in a rural district in Norway were followed for two and a half years. On average, the GP had approximately one contact per month with one member of each family. Demographic family data, such as age or number of children, were not found to be of great significance for the number of contacts. Children's encounters with the GPs correlated with those of the mothers, but not with those of the fathers. The most important factors influencing the families' use of health services were the prevalence of chronic illness, psychological stability in parents, and the occurrence of changes in family composition. The gains from approaching the family as a unit are discussed. PMID- 3222587 TI - Quality of life in early heart failure. The study of men born in 1913. AB - To see whether well-being and quality-of-life are affected in congestive heart failure (CHF), a number of health variables, self-assessed and objectively measured, were estimated among 67-year-old men sampled from the general population of Gothenburg, Sweden. Based on history, physical examination and drug treatment, 407 men were studied and grouped into 4 stages of CHF, ranging from no signs or symptoms of CHF to advanced CHF. Men with CHF had more of other cardiovascular disease manifestations, utilized more health care, and reported less well-being and a higher rate of self-assessed disability than men with no CHF. These quality-of-life changes were found not only in the overt cases but also in early CHF. Regardless of CHF stage, quality-of-life seemed more affected in men on drug treatment, compared with those not treated. PMID- 3222588 TI - Factors affecting prescription of psychotropic drugs in general practice. AB - During one week in 1985, 227 general practitioners (GPs) in the county of Aarhus, Denmark, recorded all their prescriptions of psychotropic drugs, amounting to 4,180 prescriptions for 3756 patients. There was great variation in the rate of prescribing among the GPs. The median number of prescribed defined daily doses per 1,000 registered patients per day was 84, and the corresponding median number of prescriptions per 1,000 patients per week was 14. There was a significantly lower rate of prescribing of psychotropic drugs by rural/small town GPs, compared with GPs in major cities (odds ratio, 0.84; 99% confidence limits, 0.77-0.91), after correction for differences in patients' age and sex. There were no differences in rate of prescribing among GPs in relation to size and type of practice, nor to the age and sex of the GP. PMID- 3222589 TI - Alcohol consumption, clinical findings and retrospective psycho social data in a random sample of men in suburban Stockholm. AB - A sample of 200 men from the general population of suburban Stockholm was investigated regarding alcohol consumption, with the aim of studying psychosocial factors in relation to consumption. Three symptoms related to heavy drinking were studied: (1) Inability to cut down or stop drinking, referred to here as subjective, relative loss of control over drinking; (2) morning shakes and malaise relieved by drinking, termed morning drinks; and (3) amnesia induced by alcohol, referred to as blackouts. The subjects were divided into three groups: (I) 41 men with low alcohol consumption without any symptom of alcoholism, (II) 106 men with low, moderate or high alcohol consumption with different numbers of such symptoms and (III) 53 heavy-drinking men with two or three symptoms. There was a higher frequency of psycho-somatic problems in group III (51%) (p less than 0.01) than in group I (22%). The children of group III had greater problems at school. Group III had more often been judged guilty of crimes (26%) (p less than 0.01) than groups II (12%) and I (5%). Group III had a significantly higher frequency of nervous problems (61%) than the other groups, and 8% of group III had been in-patients at a clinic for treatment of alcoholics. PMID- 3222590 TI - [Current concepts about the progression of chronic nephropathy]. PMID- 3222591 TI - [Mechanisms of action of immunosuppressors used in organ transplantation]. PMID- 3222592 TI - [Vascular access in chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 3222594 TI - [The effect of pregnancy on certain autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 3222593 TI - [Autoimmune glomerulonephritis: new concepts and therapeutic perspectives]. PMID- 3222595 TI - [The impact of disease on pregnancy: monitoring of fetal viability and choice of approach in delivery]. PMID- 3222596 TI - [Distraction of the limbs]. PMID- 3222597 TI - [Extracorporeal lithotripsy in digestive system diseases]. PMID- 3222598 TI - [Asthenia, vomiting, weight loss]. PMID- 3222599 TI - [Reye's syndrome and salicylates]. PMID- 3222600 TI - [Radio-oncology: current status and future trends]. PMID- 3222601 TI - [Erythremia, hyperthermia and surgery or: a surgical solution to a medical problem]. PMID- 3222603 TI - [Salvage of infected knee prosthesis]. PMID- 3222602 TI - [Naso-sinusal polyposis: endoscopic evaluation of the ethmoidal cavity]. PMID- 3222604 TI - [Inguinal herniography in adults: apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 3222605 TI - [Cutaneous and cerebral cysticercosis. Apropos of a case report in rheumatology]. PMID- 3222607 TI - [Evaluation of an automatic measuring device for determining certain constituents of the urinary status]. PMID- 3222606 TI - [Birth and expansion of a family planning center]. PMID- 3222608 TI - [Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. International Committee of Editors of Medical Journals]. PMID- 3222609 TI - [Risk factors in patients who undergo surgery for obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 3222610 TI - [Gastric cancer in subjects under 35 years of age.rs of age. Report on 19 cases]. PMID- 3222611 TI - [Transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy. Experience at the "Salvador Z Zubiran" National Institute of Nutrition]. PMID- 3222612 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the national meeting of the Mexican Association of Gastroenterology 1988]. PMID- 3222613 TI - [Immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis: immunoenzymatic assay with antigens chemically bound to supports to detect antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 3222614 TI - Comparative study of the biological behaviour in hamster of two isolates of Leishmania characterized respectively as L. major-like and L. donovani. PMID- 3222615 TI - [Hydatidosis as an urban zoonosis]. PMID- 3222616 TI - [Characterization of macrophages present in skin lesions of Hansen's disease: study by monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3222617 TI - Passive haemagglutination test for human neurocysticercosis immunodiagnosis. I. Standardization and evaluation of the passive haemagglutination test for the detection of anti-Cysticercus cellulosae antibodies. PMID- 3222618 TI - Passive haemagglutination test for human neurocysticercosis immunodiagnosis. II- Comparison of two standardized procedures for the passive haemagglutination reagent in the detection of anti-Cysticercus cellulosae antibodies in cerebrospinal fluids. PMID- 3222619 TI - [Coordination, evaluation and follow-up of health research projects of the Polonoroeste program]. PMID- 3222620 TI - [Maintenance of Anopheles darlingi Root, 1926 colony, in the laboratory]. PMID- 3222621 TI - [Nutritional status indicators in the Polonoroeste area. I. Methodologic aspects and socioeconomic characteristics]. PMID- 3222622 TI - [Nutritional status indicators in the Polonoroeste area. IV. Diet surveys in families in 6 cities of the Polonoroeste area, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 1983]. PMID- 3222623 TI - Morphometric evaluation of hepatocellular proliferative lesions in the rat liver. AB - Classification of rat hepatocellular proliferative lesions can vary between pathologists as the many qualitative histologic criteria have not been satisfactorily evaluated and ranked for prognostic value. Computer-assisted morphometry offers an objective method to evaluate certain cellular features. The Solt-Farber resistant hepatocyte model was used in this study to produce populations of rats with a full range of hepatocellular proliferative lesions. Cellular features within the lesions were then measured morphometrically and the data were analyzed by animal age and by subjective lesion diagnosis. The nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio followed by the cell area and nuclear area were found to be the most important parameters for separating microscopic foci and islands of cellular alteration, an early hyperplastic lesion, from other hepatocellular proliferative lesions. The coefficient of variation, as a relative measure of heterogeneity, increased in a linear manner for cell, nuclear and nucleolar areas as the animals aged and was significantly higher for cell and nuclear area in hepatocellular carcinoma compared to other hepatocellular proliferative lesions. Hepatocyte nodules (representing primarily late hyperplastic lesions) and persistent hepatocyte nodules (lesions with similarities to hepatocellular adenoma) could not be satisfactorily separated within the limits of this study. As these borderline lesions show a continuum of cytologic change, other features, such as architectural change, are necessary to satisfactorily classify them on a subjective basis. An alternative approach is to use discriminant functions derived from morphometric studies. PMID- 3222625 TI - [Clinical aspects of venous diseases and diagnostic demands on radiology]. AB - The author deals with the clinical signs and treatment of the valvular incompetence of the venae saphenae in varicosis of the lower extremities, varicosis or insufficiency of the venae perforantes (an insufficiency of the deep venous system, manifested by an insufficiency of the valvular system of the vena femoralis and venae saphenae but not representing a post-thrombotic syndrome), phlebothrombosis and postthrombosis. Routine phlebography for diagnosing a number of venous diseases has become redundant especially by the use of noninvasive methods such as Doppler ultrasound and light reflection rheography. However, if there is a suspicion of a deep thrombosis in the leg, phlebography is imperative. Dermatological phlebography specialists would like the radiologists to supply them with phlebographic criteria for the disease pattern of the insufficiency of the venae perforantes, vena fermalis and venae saphenae as mentioned above. Whether Duplex scanning can replace phlebography in the long run remains to be seen. PMID- 3222624 TI - A test for muscle lesions and their regeneration following intramuscular drug application. AB - A standard infiltration of the rat tibialis anterior muscle with 0.1 ml of local anesthetics was used as a model to help choose criteria for testing the intramuscular toxicity of drugs. Anesthetics used were 0.2% carbisocaine, 1% and 2% Lidocaine, 0.5% Marcaine, 1% and 2% Mesocaine, 1% and 2% Procaine. Increases in the serum levels of creatine kinase were monitored for 24 hours, and the weight, as well as macro- and microscopic changes in the muscle for a period of 1 month. Exposure of the muscle to local anesthetics resulted in 2 types of lesions. One was characterized by selective muscle fiber damage in the injected area. The other type of lesion was a generalized one that involved a number of cell types. To assess the intramuscular toxicity of drugs we defined the type of lesion, its size, and the rate of subsequent muscle regeneration. We recommend the following criteria for the assay of myotoxicity of new drugs being developed as pharmaceutical agents: 1) serum creatine kinase level 1 hour after intramuscular injection of the drug; 2) microscopic findings at 3, 7, and 21 days; 3) the cross-sectional area of the lesion at 3 days; and 4) the weight of the muscle at 7 and 21 days. PMID- 3222627 TI - [Venous diseases of the lower extremities--methods and results of phlebography of the lower extremity--the superficial and deep systems]. AB - The vena saphena magna is the most important arterial vascular substitute in today's vascular surgery. That is why modern varicose vein surgery is performed very carefully and cautiously with an aim to preserve the vessels as much as possible. This can be done only if the radiologist visualises both the healthy and the diseased superficial and deep venous systems as completely and a easily appreciable as possible when diagnosing varicosis. It is not enough to merely produce contrast images of the deep venous system when attempting to clarify varicosis via phlebography. The conditions obtaining at the points where the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein open into the femoral and popliteal veins, respectively, must be clearly visible. The maximum possible number of insufficient venae perforantes must be shown and the side branches of the great saphenous vein that have undergone varicose changes, must be visualised. It goes without saying that the deep venous system must be shown in a manner that it can be safely assessed. An extended thrombosis of the deep veins of the leg and pelvis does not present any diagnostic pitfalls when assessing the phlebogram. On the other hand, a beginning deep leg thrombosis is easily overlooked. Phlebographically it is quite difficult to clarify a relapsing thrombosis. This requires detailed knowledge of the patterns of signs in deep leg vein thrombosis. PMID- 3222626 TI - [Venous diseases of the extremities--surgery and demands on radiology]. AB - Surgery in the low-pressure system primarily means surgical treatment of varicosis. Reconstructive treatment is rather rare. That is the reason why for the radiologist phlebography is the most important method of examination in venous affections. The assessment of valve failures and the differing anatomy in the orifices of the major and minor saphenous vein show the high ranking of this examination from the surgeons point of view. No vascular surgeon would like to do without it. PMID- 3222628 TI - [The combination of phlebography and invasive measurement of venous pressure]. AB - Phlebographic visualisation offers the highest spatial resolution of all imaging methods both in respect of veins of the leg and pelvis and of the abdomen. Phlebography offers optimal conditions for assessing morphological changes at the veins and in their direct neighbourhood. No quantitative information is available via phlebography if haemodynamics are disturbed; qualitative information is yielded merely to a restricted extent (by assessing flow velocity and collaterals). Direct sanguinous measurement of venous blood pressure is particularly suitable for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of disturbed haemodynamic conditions; in this respect it stands out among the function tests based on the employment of apparatures. If it is combined with phlebography, it is possible not only to optimise the diagnostic yield in the hands of one investigator, but also to reduce the invasiveness of both methods to one single puncture, since the puncture needle is at the same time also an instrument to measure the pressure. The article points out the possibilities and limitations of combining a) ascending phlebography of the leg and pelvis with peripheral venous pressure measurement (phlebodynamometry) and b) visualisation of the veins of the pelvis and vena cava inferior with central sanguinous venous pressure measurement (CP). Indicatious and technical execution are described. PMID- 3222629 TI - [Nuclear medicine diagnosis in venous diseases of the extremities]. AB - The 125I fibrinogen test and radionuclide venography have so far been the two standard methods of thrombosis diagnosis via nuclear medicine. Both methods have been developed further as a result of scientific and technical advances in recent years. Direct visualisation of thrombi with the help of 111indium thrombocytes is becoming increasingly important. Direct visualisation of thrombi can be made still easier by antithrombocytic antibodies. In case of contrast medium intolerance, and in diagnosing pulmonary embolism, radionuclide venography can still be useful in combination with lung perfusion scintigraphy, even if nonionic x-ray contrast media are increasingly introduced. The diagnostic possibilities offered by contrast medium venography in respect of precise morphological vascular imaging and function diagnosis, are complementary in many problems of venous diagnostics. PMID- 3222630 TI - [Renal space-occupying lesion of uncertain tumor status in metastatic testicular tumor]. AB - On the basis of a particular case of "atypical" hypernephroma the main differential diagnosis of solid renal masses are described with reference to the basis disease: testicle tumour causing metastasis. The problems of determining the dignity of the disease by methods of sonography, pyelogram and CT are pointed out as well as the differences between those characteristics of the said tumour revealed by x-ray diagnosis and the known characteristics of substantial kidney deformations as described in medical literature. PMID- 3222631 TI - [Allergic field: how to detect it?]. PMID- 3222632 TI - [Allergological test, provocation tests and specific desensitization in children]. PMID- 3222633 TI - [Prevention of allergy]. PMID- 3222634 TI - [Skin allergy in children]. PMID- 3222635 TI - [Development and prognosis of respiratory allergy in children]. PMID- 3222636 TI - [Food allergy in the young child]. PMID- 3222638 TI - [Extracorporeal lithotripsy as treatment of gallbladder lithiasis]. PMID- 3222637 TI - [Allergy to hymenoptera venoms in children]. PMID- 3222639 TI - [AIDS dementia]. PMID- 3222640 TI - [Irreversible coma or cerebral death]. PMID- 3222641 TI - [Breast cancer: 1988 update]. PMID- 3222642 TI - [Deep venous thrombosis. Diagnostic procedure]. PMID- 3222643 TI - [Surgical treatment of venous thromboses]. PMID- 3222644 TI - [Plasma exchange in neurology]. PMID- 3222645 TI - [Has carotid endarterectomy a value?]. PMID- 3222646 TI - [Rapid virologic diagnosis]. PMID- 3222647 TI - [Acute drug poisoning: epidemiology, general etiology and contributions of biological toxicology]. PMID- 3222649 TI - [Respiratory distress and acute drug poisoning]. PMID- 3222648 TI - [Acute drug poisoning in the adult: diagnosis and management]. PMID- 3222650 TI - [Acute drug poisoning and the cardio-vascular system]. PMID- 3222651 TI - [Acute drug poisoning, kidney and liver]. PMID- 3222652 TI - [General data and management of drug poisoning in children]. PMID- 3222653 TI - [Memorandum on principles of acute drug poisoning]. PMID- 3222654 TI - [Risks in lowering blood pressure]. PMID- 3222655 TI - [Platelet anti-aggregants, from the concept to clinical results]. PMID- 3222656 TI - [Colo- and ileo-anal anastomosis or continence without rectum]. PMID- 3222657 TI - [5th EULAR symposium. European League Against Rheumatism. The destructive arthropathies (excluding infection). Paris, 10-12 November 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3222658 TI - [Clinical features of primary hyperparathyroidism associated with lesions of the digestive tract]. PMID- 3222659 TI - [Coronarography in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 3222660 TI - Prevention of infectious complications in immunologically compromised patients. Part I: Reverse isolation. PMID- 3222661 TI - Some immunological aspects of Crohn's disease. PMID- 3222662 TI - The use of cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in immunology. PMID- 3222663 TI - Management of pregnant women with contagious infections at delivery. AB - Since 1970 pregnant women with contagious infections in the country of Stockholm have been delivered at the Danderyd Hospital, the only hospital in the area which has departments of obstetrics and pediatrics as well as infectious diseases. This paper presents data from a prospective study carried out during a period of 10 years (1975-1984). The study includes 303 women and their newborns who for various reasons were transferred to the Department of Infectious Diseases (DID) before or after delivery. A comprehensive microbiological investigation was made in order to establish an etiological diagnosis in all women included in the study. A possible transmission of the infection from the mother to her fetus/child before or after delivery was also investigated. Only 0.17% of the pregnant women in the area needed care at the DID at delivery or in the puerperal period. 9% of the deliveries occurred at another hospital, 32% at the DID and the remaining at the obstetrical department, Danderyd Hospital. The rate of complications, including cesarean sections, was 12%. Of the 165 women suffering from an infectious disease at the time of delivery, 40% had a verified viral disease--in most cases varicella or mumps, 28% had a bacterial infection and for 32% no etiology of the disease could be established. The study population also includes women suspected either to be incubated with a contagious disease or to be carriers of infectious agents, as well as healthy mothers whose newborns were expected to be carriers of infectious agents such as rubella and varicella. None of the women died during the study period but 5 were seriously ill and 3 needed intensive care. The rate of stillbirths was the same as reported among all births in the country of Stockholm but the perinatal mortality rate was significantly higher (see also a following article, ref. 27). Our routines prove the necessity to take special care of pregnant women carrying a contagious infectious agent at term. PMID- 3222664 TI - Varying antibody response in hospital staff vaccinated against hepatitis B. AB - Staff from a Department of Infectious Diseases (n = 64) were vaccinated against hepatitis B with HBVax (Merck, Sharp & Dohme), a plasma derived vaccine. Prevaccination testing showed a low prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers (1.4%). Only 1 person showed signs of anamnestic antibody response. Post-exposure prophylaxis and strict hygienic routines are recommended for non-operating hospital staff in areas with low prevalence of hepatitis B virus carriers. The anatomic site of intramuscular administration of the vaccine is discussed. The overall antibody response was low, 83% acquired a protective titer of anti-HBs and only 44% in the age group greater than 40 years of age. Postvaccination testing seems strongly advisable, especially in an older age group. PMID- 3222665 TI - A family cluster of Legionella pneumophila infections. AB - Three members of one single family of 4, the father, a son and a daughter, showed seroconversion against Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp SG1). The son had a severe pneumonia, whereas the father and the daughter did not develop any other illness than mild and transient fever. A fourth member, the mother, remained seronegative. Lp SG1 was detected by a direct immunofluorescence test in water samples from the shower at home, in tap water in the family's butcher shop, and in condensation water from the ventilator of refrigerator cells in the shop. Two different sources of infection appear to have occurred: showering at home and an aerosol of contaminated condensation water. Reports of more than one case of legionella infection within a family seem to be extremely rare and have not been found in the literature. PMID- 3222666 TI - Bacteremia and candidemia in hematological malignancies: clinical findings. AB - 171 episodes of bacteremia and candidemia in 142 patients were recorded during the period 1981-1985 in patients with hematological malignancies. Overall mortality, within 1 week of onset of bacteremia, was 20%. Increased mortality was found in patients with poor disease-prognosis (39%), with granulocytopenia for more than 6 days (30%), and in those developing hypotension (49%). Compared to a similar previous study from 1970-1974, the incidence of bacteremia remained unchanged, but the mortality had decreased by 50%. This result could not be explained by changes in microbial spectrum, in patient groups, or in the initial antibiotic regimen used. An improved general condition of these patients due to better supportive treatment may be the single most important factor in improving the outcome of septicemia. PMID- 3222667 TI - Bacteremia and candidemia in hematological malignancies: microbiological findings and antibiotic susceptibilities. AB - The microorganisms isolated in 1981-1985 from 171 cases of septicemia in patients with hematological malignancies were on the whole the same as those found in 1970 1972. The distribution between species was also quite similar for the two periods except within staphylococci, where the isolation rate of coagulase-negative staphylococci was higher in the latter period while that of Staphylococcus aureus was lower. Of 67 strains of Enterobacteriaceae tested for an aminoglycoside, 6% were found to be resistant, whereas 8% of 48 Enterobacteriaceae strains were found to be cefotaxime resistant. Methicillin- or aminoglycoside resistant S. aureus did not occur. PMID- 3222668 TI - Bacteriology of maxillary sinusitis in relation to character of inflammation and prior treatment. AB - By antral aspiration, 200 sinus secretions were obtained from the same number of adult patients with maxillary sinusitis. The bacteriological findings were related to the character of the secretions as well as to the duration of symptoms, previous antibacterial treatment and possible dental genesis. Pathogens were isolated in 87% of 54 patients with untreated acute sinus empyema, Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most prevalent (57%). In 47 cases of treatment failure Haemophilus influenzae predominated and was found in 60% of the purulent secretions. In all, 11% of the 47 cases showed growth of beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae, corresponding to 18% of all H. influenzae in this group. Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic bacteria were infrequent findings except in purulent sinus secretion from patients with a long history. In contrast to patients with sinus empyema, no pathogens were found in the majority of 37 patients with non-purulent sinusitis. PMID- 3222669 TI - Impact of cefixime on the normal intestinal microflora. AB - The ecological effects on the normal intestinal microflora after cefixime tablets in doses of 200 mg twice daily for 7 days were studied in 10 healthy volunteers. Stool specimens were collected before and 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after start of treatment. Plasma samples were collected during 12 h after the first dose on day 1 and 1 sample was taken on day 7 for bioassay of cefixime concentration. Peak plasma concentration of cefixime occurred after about 4 h with a mean of 3.0 mg/l. The mean AUC0----oc after a single dose was estimated at 21.9 mg x h/l and the mean elimination half-life was 3.9 h. The mean plasma concentration of cefixime 3 h after the morning dose on day 7 was 2.0 mg/l. The concentrations of cefixime in faeces increased during treatment. One subject had detectable concentrations in faeces on day 2, three subjects on day 4 and 8 subjects on day 7 in the order of 237-912 mg/kg faeces. There was a marked decrease in the numbers of streptococci and Escherichia coli and an increase in the numbers of enterococci during the administration of cefixime. In the anaerobic microflora, the numbers of cocci, clostridia and bacteroides were suppressed while there were minor changes in the numbers of bifidobacteria. Clostridium difficile was isolated in 5 subjects on day 7 but cytotoxin was only detected in one subject. The intestinal microflora was normalized within 2 weeks after treatment had stopped. Slightly soft stools were reported by 7 subjects. One subject had abdominal pain and diarrhoea 1 week after treatment followed by anal irritation and itching.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3222670 TI - Microabscesses in gastric biopsies shown by acridine orange staining. AB - Acridine orange staining of endoscopic biopsies of gastric mucosa was used in 70 patients with various upper gastrointestinal symptoms to identify Campylobacter pylori abscess formations with polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration. In comparison with cultures, the staining test proved to be a rapid and reliable test particularly in outpatient clinics as results are available in 6-8 min, thus enabling any necessary treatment to start immediately. PMID- 3222671 TI - Clindamycin therapy of cerebral toxoplasmosis in an AIDS patient. AB - A 47-year-old patient with AIDS and cerebral toxoplasmosis was treated with sulfadiazine pyrimethamine for 5 days. After developing a severe rash his regimen was changed to clindamycin 600 mg q 6 h intravenously and pyrimethamine 25 mg daily, given for 37 days. This resulted in improvement of clinical symptoms and complete resolution of CT scan abnormalities. Clindamycin combined with pyrimethamine may be a useful alternative therapy for cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients who can not tolerate sulfonamides. PMID- 3222673 TI - Animal origin of the antibiotic resistance of human pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 3222672 TI - Prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers among Polish alcoholics. AB - 102 consecutive alcoholics attending an outpatient alcoholic clinic were tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in serum. HBsAg was found in 21, anti-HBs in 22 and anti-HBc in 42; at least 1 marker was present in 49. These results were significantly higher than in a matched control population. Out of 21 HBsAg positive cases 7 had markers of ongoing viral replication as judged by the presence of HBeAg and HBV DNA. PMID- 3222674 TI - A longterm follow-up study of children born to women with contagious diseases at delivery. AB - Data are presented from a long-term follow-up study of 308 live born children to women admitted post partum to the Department of Infectious Diseases (DID), Danderyd Hospital, Sweden, during a 10-year period (1975-1984) for avoiding nosocomial transmission of infections in the obstetrical wards. The rate of stillbirths (1/309 deliveries) was not higher than reported for all births in Stockholm. 20% of the live born children were transferred within 24 h after birth to the pediatric department for observation, but half of them could return to their mothers at the DID within 6 days (generally 3 days). Four newborns were treated at an intensive care unit. Only 3 fatalities occurred, all of them among newborns to mothers with an overt infection at delivery. The fatality rate (1.8%) was significantly higher among the newborns of these mothers than normally (0.3%) noted among all children born in Stockholm county during the period studied. Two of the 3 newborns, who all died within 3 days of life, had a low birth weight (600 and 1,000 g). The total number of newborns with low birth weights (less than 2,500 g) was, however, not higher in the above-mentioned group of newborns than for all children born in Stockholm county 1980. None of the 3 fatalities was caused by infection transmitted from the mother. No further deaths occurred. Infections in pregnancy at term, at birth or post partum were transmitted from the women to 41 (13%) of their newborns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3222675 TI - Herpes zoster associated encephalitis: clinical findings and acyclovir treatment. AB - The clinical course of herpes zoster associated encephalitis (HZAE) with special emphasis on the treatment with acyclovir is described from the experience in 14 own patients and 47 review cases. Immunosuppression and dissemination involved increased risk of HZAE, whereas cranial zoster implied no or only a slightly increased risk. The symptoms were mainly disturbances of mental function and ataxia. Nuchal rigidity was noted in approximately one third of cases. The median duration from dermatomal lesion to HZAE was 15 days in immunosuppressed patients versus 5 days in non-immunosuppressed patients. Abnormal spinal fluid findings included mononuclear pleocytosis, occasionally with low glucose concentration. Protein was elevated in half of the patients. Serum sodium levels were often low. Brain CAT scans were generally normal and EEGs always abnormal. Recurrence of HZAE was noted in 2 patients. Treatment with acyclovir seemed to have a beneficial effect. The results, however, need cautious interpretation due to the heterogenous patient material. Two patients developed signs of HZAE while on treatment with desciclovir but recovered during ongoing therapy. PMID- 3222676 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in craniotomy: a prospective double-blind placebo controlled study. AB - A prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of cloxacillin for the prevention of infections after craniotomy. 310 patients were admitted to the study. 39 died within 90 days after craniotomy without an infection, 20 and 19 of them belonging to the cloxacillin and placebo groups, respectively. In the cloxacillin group 6 neurosurgical infections occurred after 183 operations (3.3%) in 156 patients (3.9%), and in the placebo group 20 after 195 operations (10.3%) in 154 patients (13%). These differences between the 2 groups are statistically significant (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 for patients and operations, respectively). For a craniotomy subgroup, there was no significant difference in infection rate between the cloxacillin and placebo groups. We conclude that cloxacillin significantly reduces the rate of infection after craniotomy, and recommend administration of this antibiotic for prophylaxis in patients undergoing this operation. PMID- 3222677 TI - Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids. AB - A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant. PMID- 3222678 TI - Sudden death from cerebral cysticercosis. AB - A case of sudden death from cysticercosis cerebri is described. A 38-year-old Ecuadorian woman suffered from headache for a few weeks which was interpreted as migraine. Later she developed extremely severe headache with seizures and died. A forensic autopsy showed normal organs. Neuropathologic examination revealed cysticercosis racemosus with reactive chronic ependymitis and meningitis and secondary hydrocephalus. PMID- 3222680 TI - The association between intelligence level and brain volume measures: a negative finding. PMID- 3222679 TI - Performance under simulated offshore climate conditions. PMID- 3222681 TI - The severity of depression in cancer patients. PMID- 3222682 TI - Cross-modal transfer of forms between vision and touch. PMID- 3222683 TI - [56th annual meeting of the Swiss Society of Internal Medicine, jointly with the Clinical Pharmacology Section of the Swiss Society of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Basel, 6-7 May 1988. 2. Proceedings]. PMID- 3222684 TI - [Study of the long-term effects of amiodarone on thyroid function using ultrasensitive TSH measurements. Preliminary report]. AB - The results of a prospective study of basal ultrasensitive TSH concentrations in patients during long-term treatment over 12 months with amiodarone are reported. 2 patients (3%) developed hypothyroidism, whereas no case of hyperthyroidism was observed. A significant increase in FT4 with a simultaneous decrease in T3 was demonstrated at every periodic investigation during amiodarone therapy. In most patients ultrasensitive TSH values stayed within the normal range and showed no significant alteration during treatment. A slow decline in TSH during therapy was observed in a subgroup of patients with completely euthyroid initial TSH concentrations. This TSH decrease reached statistical significance after 12 months' therapy. FT4 showed pathological results in 35% of all determinations at any time during the study, T3 in 27%, and TSH in only 17%. In conclusion, a new steady-state of thyroid tests is attained during treatment with amiodarone and most patients maintain a euthyroid function state. Assessment of ultrasensitive TSH can be recommended as a primary screening test for evaluation of thyroid function in patients under amiodarone therapy. PMID- 3222686 TI - [Absence of polymorphism in individual response to the dihydropyridines nifedipine and (+/-)-nicardipine]. AB - Nifedipine, the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist prototype, is characterized by wide variability of its hepatic first-pass metabolism and individual response. This could be due to a new genetic polymorphism of drug metabolism, and this hypothesis was investigated in a randomized and cross-over population study in normal volunteers (n = 80). The kinetics and effects of an oral dose of nifedipine (10 mg) and (+/-)-nicardipine (20 mg), a second generation derivative with presumed different biotransformation routes, were evaluated at 0, 1, 2 and 3 h. The two drugs displayed a similar pharmacodynamic profile in terms of heart rate and blood pressure. The observed frequency distributions showed no asymmetry or bimodality suggesting polymorphism. The frequency of headaches and flushes were 21/80 and 19/80 respectively for nifedipine and (+/-)-nicardipine. At the doses administered nifedipine and (+/-) nicardipine show the same efficacy. This study does not confirm the presence of polymorphism in the response to these dihydropyridines. PMID- 3222685 TI - [Prolonged anticoagulation following chlorophacinone poisoning]. AB - In 1985 and 1986 the Swiss Toxicologic Information Center registered 152 cases of rodenticide poisoning. Among those substances chlorophacinone, an indanedione derivative, has a prolonged antivitamin K effect. We report here the case of an eighteen-year-old female hospitalized 3 days after deliberately ingesting some 100 mg chlorophacinone. Her Quick time at admission was less than 10% (Prothrombin time 79 sec., normal control 12 sec.). Under high dose vitamin K therapy the Quick was rapidly corrected but fell again on each vitamin K withdrawal. In a search for a relation between the variations of prothrombin time and chlorophacinone plasma levels, these were assessed by HPLC. Prothrombin time (and vitamin K dependent factors VII and X) finally normalized only 7 weeks after chlorophacinone ingestion. Clinical condition remained satisfactory throughout and other biological parameters unaffected. This case emphasizes the need for prolonged clinical and laboratory follow-up for rodenticide intoxications and for vitamin K administration for several weeks. PMID- 3222687 TI - [Diagnosis, clinical presentation and triage criteria of emergency patients admitted for chest pain: prospective study of 278 cases]. AB - A prospective study of the clinical findings and transfer decision in 278 patients admitted to the emergency ward for chest pain showed that a combination of 115 clinical and ECG data makes it possible to predict 86% of acute myocardial infarctions and unstable angina (specificity 76%). However, the diagnosis of the emergency medical team was adequate in 91% of cases, yielding a 5% rate of unjustified admissions to the intensive care unit. Therefore, the utility of a decision algorithm based upon clinical and ECG data, as proposed by American authors, is questionable. Finally, the indication for transfer to the intensive care unit was not followed in a quarter of patients due to old age and/or associated diseases. PMID- 3222688 TI - [Dose-response curve and preliminary clinical study of a laxative, lactilol]. AB - 15 women complaining of chronic constipation were included in a prospective open trial to determine the laxative action and minimal effective dose of lactitol. Through the administration of increasing doses, an ED50 of 0.25 g/kg/day, was established. During a 15-day treatment period at the minimal effective dose, all patients had reduced symptoms of constipation as compared with a previous 15-day control period. Side effects of minor intensity were frequently recorded (flatulence, rumblings, wind, and, less frequently, abdominal cramps or nausea). Thus, the use of lactitol for symptomatic treatment of constipation deserves further clinical studies to determine better its indications and benefit. PMID- 3222689 TI - Chlorinated organic compounds in urban air in Japan. AB - Air pollution by the principal chlorinated organic compounds chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene was investigated over a period of approximately 1 year at 15 sites in an urban area. Each compound was detected in the range from approximately 0.1 to several ppb; the concentrations of these compounds, with the exception of carbon tetrachloride, were higher than their global pollution levels. The concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene especially were very high in the industrial regions, and the concentration of tetrachloroethylene was very high in the industrial and commercial regions. Concentrations were low in spring and summer and high in fall, winter and the rainy season. The correlation between the reciprocal of wind speed and concentrations was found to be subject to seasonal variations. Intake of chlorinated organic compounds by man from the air was estimated from the data to be larger than the allowable intakes determined by WHO and EPA for drinking water. PMID- 3222690 TI - Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban snowpack. AB - Accumulations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a snowpack were studied in an industrial urban area with numerous anthropogenic sources of PAHs. Average PAH loadings stored in the snowpack were determined, plotted on a map of the study area, and arenal distribution approximated by isoloading contours. The loading contours exhibited a marked elongation in the direction of prevailing winds. The unit-area deposition rates observed in the study area exceeded the typical rates reported for other urban areas, and were the highest immediately downwind of a steel plant. PAH levels in snowmelt were well below the freshwater aquatic life toxicity criteria, but exceeded both the WHO drinking water standard and the U.S. EPA carcinogenic criteria at the 10(-5) risk level. PMID- 3222691 TI - Method for evaluating mutagenicity of water. I. A new method of preparing samples for mutagenicity test. AB - A sample preparation method for a convenient and quantitative mutagenicity test of water was developed using two new superior resinous adsorbents. One, CSP800, is a small particle size and highly porous polystyrene resin, and the other, CHPA25, is a small particle size and highly porous anion-exchange resin. CSP800 adsorbed more nonionic compounds from water than conventional resins, and CHPA25 adsorbed anionic compounds not adsorbed by conventional resins. Sample water (10 l) at pH 5 was fed at 550 ml h-1 into two columns in series, one containing 5 ml of CSP800 and the other 2 ml of CHPA25. The adsorbed substances were subsequently desorbed by DMSO from CSP800 and by 4 N NaNO3 from CHPA25, at 10 ml h-1. Various organic substances, which were measured by different indices such as total trihalomethanes (THM), total organic halogen (TOX) and the absorbence at 260 nm, could be recovered by this method much more efficiently and conveniently than by conventional methods. PMID- 3222692 TI - Trace element residues in bluegills and common carp from the lower San Joaquin River, California, and its tributaries. AB - Whole-body samples of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from the San Joaquin River and two tributaries (Merced River and Salt Slough) were analyzed to determine if the concentrations of any of nine elements were elevated as a result of exposure of the fish to agricultural subsurface (tile) drainage water. Highest concentrations (micrograms/g dry weight) detected were as follows (first number in each pair applies to bluegills and the second to carp): arsenic (As), 0.97 and 1.5; boron (B), 14 and 20; cadmium (Cd), 0.14 and 0.27; chromium (Cr), 2.7 and 2.2; mercury (Hg), 3.3 and 2.9; molybdenum (Mo), 2.8 and 3.6; nickel (Ni), 0.87 and 2.2; lead (Pb), 0.26 and 2.3; and selenium (Se), 3.2 and 5.5. The lowest concentrations were below the levels of detection, except for Hg (0.15 in bluegills and 0.12 in carp) and Se (0.43 and 0.56). As judged by comparisons with data from the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program and other published surveys, the concentrations of B, Hg, Mo, and Se were moderately elevated in fish from several sites in the San Joaquin Valley. However, only the Se concentrations were positively correlated with water quality variables (e.g., total alkalinity, conductivity, and turbidity) known to be influenced by irrigation return flows. Historical data from one site (Salt Slough), where trace elements in whole fish have been measured since 1969, indicated that Se concentrations increased more than twofold between 1973 and 1977, but thereafter remained near 3.0 micrograms g-1 (dry weight basis), presumably due to the continuing practice of disposing seleniferous tile drainage water into the most convenient stream channel. PMID- 3222693 TI - Factors influencing lead concentrations in shed deciduous teeth. AB - Data collected for the Edinburgh Lead Study have been used to investigate lead concentrations in children's naturally shed deciduous teeth. A within-child multiple-regression analysis has shown that the upper jaw has a higher concentration of lead than the lower, and that there is a gradient of decreasing concentration from the front to the back of the mouth. Even after the effects of jaw and tooth type have been allowed for, the concentration is still found to be negatively correlated with the weight of the tooth and with the age at which the tooth was shed. No statistically significant effects could be attributed to caries, fillings, or the incomplete resorption of roots. A single-valued index of tooth lead has been derived for each child, taking into account the fact that children gave different types of teeth. PMID- 3222695 TI - Comparison of an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry method for the determination of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper and zinc with atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame photometry methods. AB - Serum calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc concentrations obtained from the analysis of 77 serum samples by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) are compared with the results obtained using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Similarly, serum sodium and potassium levels from the analysis of the same samples by ICP-AES are compared with the levels obtained by flame photometry. For each metal, we compare the results from both methods with a linear regression program that assumes error in both variables. The regression analysis shows that the ICP-AES method gives slightly higher calcium, copper, and zinc results and lower magnesium results than the AAS methods, and lower sodium and potassium results than the flame photometry method. Except for sodium, the correlation (r) between the results is very high (greater than or equal to 0.958), indicating that the ICP-AES results could be corrected to be equivalent to the atomic absorption or flame photometry results. The ICP-AES has the advantage of requiring less preparation and analysis time, and additional elements could be determined simultaneously in the same sample. PMID- 3222696 TI - Smoking machine parameters and cigarette smoke yields. AB - The relationship between smoking machine parameters and cigarette smoke yields of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide has been investigated. It is concluded that the order of ranking of brands for tar does not alter substantially when machine parameters are used which differ from those in the present standard international methodology. Corroborative evidence is presented documenting the variation in the value of a number of cigarette design features with alternative smoking machine parameters. PMID- 3222694 TI - A comparative study of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc in human sweat and blood. AB - Zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in sweat from 24 male and 39 female volunteers were determined by anodic stripping voltammetry. Sweating was induced on the forearms by pilocarpine iontophoresis. Average values found for zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in sweat from males were 181 (range 25-863), 1.4 (less than 0.5 10), 41 (6-87) and 103 (less than 5-673) micrograms l-1, respectively. Zinc in sweat from females was significantly higher than in sweat from males (331 micrograms l-1, range 87-836 micrograms l-1), while sweat copper and sweat lead in females were lower (29 micrograms Cu l-1, range less than 5-146 micrograms Cu l-1 and 24 micrograms Pb l-1, range less than 5-66 micrograms Pb l-1). Those taking oral contraceptives showed increased sweat copper concentrations (94 micrograms Cu l-1, range less than 5-480 micrograms Cu l-1) and sweat lead concentrations (36 micrograms Pb l-1, range less than 5-70 micrograms Pb l-1). There was no sex-based difference for copper in sauna-induced sweat. Metal concentrations in sweat were compared with ceruloplasmin, alkaline phosphatase, and total and mobile copper and zinc concentrations in serum in males and females. PMID- 3222697 TI - Main factors affecting the calculation of radiation dose to the lung from inhalation of radon daughters. AB - The radiation dose to the lung due to inhalation of radon daughter products has been computed with improved data on lung models, aerosol parameters, deposition and clearance mechanisms. The effects of the following factors on the dose calculated for dwellings have been considered in detail: (a) the diffusion coefficient of the unattached daughter products; (b) the activity median diameter (AMD) of the aerosol size distribution; (c) room ventilation rate; (d) air flow rate in the respiratory tracts; (e) lung morphometry; and (f) effect of phase of the tissue-equivalent medium on the stopping power and range for alpha particles. It has been found that realistic changes in values of some factors change the dose rate by a factor of 2. By adopting likely values, it is calculated that annual dose rates in the fifth bronchial generation are typically 4.3 and 1.8 mGy year-1, at the epithelial surface and 20 microns depth, respectively, for a person exposed to a radon concentration of 23 Bq m-3, the average value for U.K. dwellings. PMID- 3222698 TI - Determination of ethylene and other reactive hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke and evaluation of risk from their inhalation. AB - The levels of the reactive hydrocarbons ethylene, propene and 1-butene were determined in cigarette and bidi (Indian cigar) smoke. Cigarette and bidi smoke was collected under standard smoking conditions, using an automatic smoking machine. A gas chromatograph equipped with a selective chemiluminescent detector was used for measurements. The range of concentrations of ethylene, propene and 1 butene obtained for cigarette and bidi smoke are compared with values from the literature. An evaluation of the risk due to inhalation of the reactive hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke was made and compared with the risk of inhalation of these present as urban air pollutants. PMID- 3222699 TI - Multielemental assay of tissues of deceased smelter workers and controls. AB - Concentrations of 23 elements in lung, liver and kidney from deceased smelter workers are compared with those from rural and urban controls. The analyses were made by neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Significantly higher levels of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lanthanum, lead and selenium were found in the smelter workers lungs (n = 85) compared with the rural controls (n = 15). Significantly higher concentrations of antimony, arsenic and lead were observed among all smelter workers compared with urban controls (n = 10). The highest increase, about 11-fold, was found for antimony in smelter workers compared with non-exposed controls. A six-fold increase was noted for arsenic. Workers who died from lung cancer (n = 7) had the lowest lung selenium content relative to concentrations of other metals, both compared with other disease categories among the workers (GI-cancer, other cancers, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, other causes) and with the two control groups. The low lung selenium concentrations may have influenced the development of lung cancer. The highest lung tissue levels of cadmium were found in the lung cancer group. Smokers and ex-smokers were over represented in this group and tobacco is a known cadmium source. The highest, or one of the highest, lung values for some of the other metals (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lanthanum and lead) were observed in one or several of the lung cancer cases. Metal concentrations in liver (metabolism) and kidney (excretion) reflect the systemic distribution. The highest cadmium levels in the liver and the lowest selenium content in the kidney were found among the lung cancer cases. A multifactorial genesis for the development of lung cancer is concluded from this study, which visualizes the need for systematic health surveillance and follow ups both in active and retired workers. PMID- 3222700 TI - The Shipham report. An investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. Introduction. PMID- 3222701 TI - The Shipman report. An investigation in cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. PMID- 3222702 TI - The Shipham report. An investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. Health studies. PMID- 3222703 TI - The Shipham report. An investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. Metal contamination at Shipham. PMID- 3222704 TI - The Shipham report. An investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. Discussion and conclusions. PMID- 3222705 TI - The Shipham report. An investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. Metal content of soils and dusts. PMID- 3222706 TI - The Shipham report. An investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. Metal availability. PMID- 3222707 TI - The Shipham report. An investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. Intakes of metal. PMID- 3222708 TI - Preventive aspects of perinatal medicine. PMID- 3222710 TI - [Threshold contrast and the x-ray film]. PMID- 3222709 TI - [Problematic radiation protection devices in x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 3222711 TI - [Glomus caroticum tumors]. PMID- 3222712 TI - [Stenosis of the cervical esophagus in the mucosal form of epidermolysis bullosa]. PMID- 3222713 TI - [Apple peel syndrome--a less common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3222714 TI - [Omentoplasty in oncologic surgery]. PMID- 3222715 TI - [Associated gunshot injuries of the urinary bladder and the extraperitoneal part of the rectum]. PMID- 3222716 TI - [Suturing splenic injuries in adults]. PMID- 3222717 TI - [Liver abscess as a complication of inflammatory abdominal diseases]. PMID- 3222718 TI - [Incidence of major injuries in surgical departments in Czechoslovakia in 1985]. PMID- 3222719 TI - [Hygienic study of surgical wound healing in patients operated on during 1976 1981 after the reconstruction of the First Surgical Clinic of Comenius University Medical School in Bratislava]. PMID- 3222720 TI - Immunology of mycobacterial disease. PMID- 3222721 TI - Pericallosal aneurysms. AB - The authors report a series of 19 patients with one (17 cases) or two (2 cases) pericallosal aneurysms referred during the past 10 years. Of the 19 patients, 18 had a ruptured pericallosal aneurysm and one was asymptomatic. On admission two were graded I, four graded II, six graded III, and six graded IV. Of the latter group two patients died from rebleeding, and the asymptomatic patient would not undergo surgery. The 16 operated patients underwent surgery after a delay ranging from 6 to 90 days after hemorrhage (25 days on average). The delayed surgery allowed the patients to be operated on in better neurological status: seven were graded I or Ia, six graded II, three graded III, and none graded IV. The results were excellent (with resumption of their previous activity) in 11 cases (69%), good (autonomous but with a slight deficit) in 4 cases (25%), and bad in 1 case (6%). There was no operative mortality or morbidity. PMID- 3222722 TI - Effect of cisternal drainage after early operation for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. AB - The effect of postoperative cisternal drainage was assessed in 132 patients who underwent early surgery for ruptured aneurysms. Although the incidence of both cerebral vasospasm and mortality was low in the patients who had cisternal drainage, the incidence of hydrocephalus was significantly higher in these patients. Drainage has been recommended as a useful procedure because it has been shown to improve the prognosis through prophylaxis and relief of vasospasm and removal of blood-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid. However, the results of this study indicate that extensive cerebrospinal fluid drainage may lead to hydrocephalus, which can be controlled by regulation of the drainage outflow and pressure. PMID- 3222723 TI - Histology and angiography in a bifurcation aneurysm model. AB - Laser-sealed arteriotomy has recently been shown to produce a reliable saccular aneurysm model. By applying this method to the rat abdominal aorta and performing serial angiography, the behavior of this aneurysm model at an arterial bifurcation has been studied for the first time. Three days after laser-sealed arteriotomy, no aneurysms were found, but in animals studied 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after laser-sealed arteriotomy, a 100% (17/17) aneurysm formation rate was achieved. Serial angiography did not demonstrate significant changes in size when performed at 2-week intervals, but angiography significantly underestimated true aneurysm size (p less than 0.001) as a function of increasing aneurysm diameter (p less than 0.001). By light-microscopic analysis, these aneurysms were similar to human cerebral saccular aneurysms. This saccular aneurysm model could be used to study various surgical and interventional radiology techniques in experimental animals. PMID- 3222724 TI - A gigantic neurilemoma originating in the pterygopalatine fossa. Case report. AB - A 7-year-old girl complained of gradually progressing right nasal obstruction, right exophthalmos, and deterioration of right visual acuity. Computed tomography scanning showed a large mass originating in the pterygopalatine fossa and extending to both the pterygomaxillary fossa and the orbital apex on the right side. The tumor was totally removed via the orbitozygomatic infratemporal approach. The literature is reviewed and the operative approach is discussed. PMID- 3222725 TI - Hemodynamics before and after the total removal of a dural arteriovenous malformation of the posterior fossa. Case report. AB - The hemodynamic change before and after the successful total removal of a dural arteriovenous malformation was reported. Preoperative dynamic computed tomography scan showed the prolongation of the cerebral circulation time, and postoperative dynamic computed tomography scan demonstrated improvement of the cerebral hemodynamics, despite total resection of transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus. These findings suggest that, when angiography shows either retrograde venous filling or sinus occlusion, total removal could be done safely. PMID- 3222726 TI - A case of malignant teratoma developing from the septum pellucidum 7 years after removal of a mature teratoma in the pineal region. AB - A report is presented on a case of teratoma with a malignant component arising from the septum pellucidum 7 years after total surgical removal of a mature teratoma in the pineal region. The patient was successfully treated with radiotherapy and total surgical resection of the second tumor. The case is characterized by the development of a second malignant tumor and by the long interval from complete resection of the primary tumor to the occurrence of the second tumor. Our case is not considered to be a recurrence of the mature teratoma of the pineal region but to be a multiple tumor of germ-cell tumor having multicentricity and a different temporal variety. PMID- 3222727 TI - Symptomatic glial cysts of the pineal gland. AB - Two cases of symptomatic glial cysts of the pineal gland are reported. An origin similar to that proposed for paraventricular glial cysts of the brain is accepted. These unusual lesions could be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic pineal masses. PMID- 3222728 TI - Intramedullary spread of a cerebral oligodendroglioma. AB - A case of intramedullary spinal metastasis of a cerebral oligodendroglioma is presented. This exceptional presentation, as well as the routes of dissemination, are discussed by review of the literature. PMID- 3222729 TI - [Treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal bronchitis using bacterial polysaccharides as a way to correct secondary immunologic deficiency]. AB - In mild exacerbation of chronic catarrhal bronchitis secondary immune deficiency manifests itself in a reduced level of the main classes of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) and lowered function of neutrophilic leukocytes. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (prodigiozan, pyrogenal) are recommended for the correction of the above disorders. PMID- 3222730 TI - [Alcohol consumption habits in a population of 40- to 59-year-old men and its prognostic value in relation to mortality]. AB - Alcohol consumption practice was studied by a method of interview in an unorganized male population aged 40 to 59 investigated by a program of multifactorial CHD prevention. The frequency of spreading of this habit and its intensity were determined. The frequency of alcohol consumption was decreased with age and was associated with the examinees' educational level. Persons consuming alcohol more frequently had raised arterial hypertension and smoked. These factors increased the risk of CHD development which was confirmed by a 5 year prospective study of mortality. Alcohol abusers were characterized by higher rates of general mortality, including that from cardiovascular diseases, traumas and accidents, in particular, alcoholic intoxication. PMID- 3222731 TI - [Use of functional indices of the erythron system in the diagnosis of alcoholism]. AB - A study was made of indices of the erythron system in 137 alcoholic patients (stages I, II, III). At all 3 stages a rise of the level of intraerythrocytic 2,3 DPG in erythrocytes and a serum erythropoietic titer was detected, at II and III stages--reticulocytosis and erythrocytic life reduction, and at III stage--a decrease in the number of erythrocytes. The results indicated the involvement of the erythron system in the compensation of changes developing in alcoholism, first of all hypoxia. A possibility of the use of 2,3-DPG determination for the diagnosis of alcoholism and antihypoxic drugs in combined therapy of alcoholism was discussed. PMID- 3222732 TI - [Total and regional myocardial contractility of the right ventricle during a volumetric loading test in patients with an alcoholic heart lesion]. AB - The authors presented the results of right contrast ventriculography with a volumetric exercise test in patients with alcoholic heart affection. An increase in right ventricular end-systolic and diastolic volumes (most of the former), a decrease in the ejection fraction in response to an increase in the right ventricular end-diastolic pressure were noted during the test. A diffuse decrease in right ventricular regional (segmental) contractility in the absence of zones of akinesia or local contractility disorder was also revealed. PMID- 3222733 TI - [Infectious endocarditis, meningitis and pneumonia in alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3222734 TI - [Modern diagnosis and treatment methods in hereditary hemochromatosis]. AB - The authors followed-up 76 patients with hereditary hemochromatosis whose diagnosis was confirmed by morphological signs of liver, pancreatic, pulmonary, gastric, and myocardial changes. The most informative laboratory indices of iron metabolism were defined (transferrin saturation with iron and the level of ferritin in the serum and erythrocytes). HLA typing of probands and their relatives was recommended to specify the hereditary nature of disease. PMID- 3222735 TI - [Errors and hazards in the diagnosis of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta]. AB - Altogether 70 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms were investigated. Of them 23 (32.9%) were investigated with prior diagnostic errors. In 13 patients the diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm was made during erroneously performed thoracotomies (12 patients) and laparotomies (one patients). Diagnostic errors leading to bad tactical mistakes, were caused by insufficient patients' examination and wrong interpretation of x-ray findings. PMID- 3222736 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment problems in sarcoidosis in the therapist's practice]. AB - Altogether 231 sarcoidosis patients were observed. Chest x-ray showed stage I in 116 patients, stage II in 111 patients. Corticosteroid therapy was provided to stage II patients only, with signs of alveolitis activity, for which assessment lung scintigraphy with 67Ga, investigation of bronchoalveolar rinse and determination of the blood angiotensin converting enzyme should be performed. Various extrapulmonary manifestations like hepatosplenomegaly, skin rash, cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disorder, urinary syndrome, etc., were revealed in 28 patients. The authors discussed variants of a course of lesions of the internal organs in sarcoidosis, difficulties of their diagnosis, and indications for steroid therapy. They also recommend a further study of the extrathoracic manifestations of sarcoidosis which frequently determine prognosis of this disease (first of all, cardiac, renal and nervous system affections), serve indicators of its activity (erythema nodosum, uveitis, parotitis, etc.) and present considerable diagnostic difficulties. PMID- 3222737 TI - [Modern criteria of sarcoidosis activity and approaches to glucocorticoid therapy]. AB - Altogether 190 sarcoidosis patients were investigated including cytology of bronchoalveolar rinses in 31 patients, lung scintigraphy with 67Ga in 48, determination of the blood angiotensin converting enzyme activity in 18, and daily calciuria in 100 patients; 50 patients had erythema nodosum which turned out to be one of the main clinical symptoms of sarcoidosis activity. Corticosteroid therapy in patients with erythema nodosum was performed only in the presence of pulmonary changes and/or changes of the other internal organs. Extrathoracic manifestations (liver, splenic, renal, cardiac, CNS lesions) observed in 34 patients, deteriorated prognosis. Prolonged corticosteroid therapy was necessitated in all the cases; 4 patients were operated upon (splenectomy, nephrectomy, implantation of an artificial pacemaker); 3 patients died suddenly or from uremia. Comparison of the results of instrumental and laboratory methods showed that an increase in the lymphocyte count in bronchoalveolar rinses (by greater than 28%), total T-lymphocytes and T-active cells, 67Ga accumulation in the lungs, raised blood angiotensin converting enzyme activity, and hypercalciuria over 300 mg/day could be used as criteria of alveolitis activity in sarcoidosis. Corticosteroid therapy should be performed in stage II patients with the above symptoms only. PMID- 3222738 TI - [Changes in the function of the cardiovascular system and cerebral circulation in patients poisoned by carbon monoxide and methane]. AB - Altogether 68 patients with carboxyhemoglobinemia and 58 patients poisoned with methane were investigated. Toxic encephalopathy was observed in all of them: I degree of severity--in 13 patients, II degree in 29, III degree in 24, and IV degree in 60. To control CVS function, indices of central hemodynamics were investigated using methods of whole-body rheography and ECG; a volumetric rate of cerebral circulation was determined. A decrease in volumetric cerebral circulation was noted in patients with encephalopathy, III-IV degree, by 37.5% (carboxyhemoglobinemia) and by 26.1% (methane poisoning). Central hemodynamic disorders were more noticeable in carboxyhemoglobinemia. Multimodality intensive therapy included HBO and drugs to restore cerebral circulation, microcirculation in the brain, cerebral metabolism, and CVS function. Of 126 patients CNS functional restoration without neurological deficiencies was noted in 108 patients, neurological and psychic deficiencies were noted in 9 patients; 9 patients died. PMID- 3222739 TI - [Anomalously located chordae in the left ventricular cavity in the complex manifestations of minor connective tissue anomalies]. AB - A study of 37 children and 32 adults with abnormally located chords in the left ventricular cavity detected by ultrasonic investigation of the heart, revealed a number of minor developmental defects of connective tissue which served as the basis for establishing diagnosis of connective tissue systemic involvement (probably, congenital). PMID- 3222740 TI - [Chronic drug-induced interstitial nephritis with a fatal outcome]. PMID- 3222741 TI - [Training of general practitioners in the fields of resuscitation and intensive therapy: goals and outlook]. PMID- 3222742 TI - [A new approach to the qualitative assessment of the reaction to physical loading during bicycle ergometry of patients following aortic prosthesis]. AB - The paper is concerned with the objectivization of qualitative assessment of a response to exercise testing during rehabilitation of patients after aortic valve replacement. The authors propose methods for a study of hemodynamic provision of submaximum and threshold exercises confirming significantly a higher myocardial reserve in patients after submaximum exercises. Hemodynamic characterization of different types of threshold reactions has shown that a common feature in the majority of patients is a decrease in cardiac ejection during exercise testing, mainly as a result of ino- or chronotropic depletion. A significant increase in the number of submaximum bicycle ergometric exercises is an important criterion of the efficacy of a rehabilitation program. PMID- 3222743 TI - [Current views on the concept of "acute abdomen"]. PMID- 3222744 TI - [Primary medical care--the basis for strengthening the health of the people]. PMID- 3222745 TI - [Respiratory and dysuric disorders in hiatal hernia]. AB - In the period of 1973-1987 the authors followed-up 1053 patients with hiatal hernia with different types of a clinical course. Various respiratory symptoms (cough, attacks of asphyxia, etc.) were observed in 181 patients, dysuric symptoms (dysuria, urethral colics, etc.) were observed in 66 patients. Of this number 347 were operated upon. A positive effect was achieved in 36 of 41 operated patients with bronchopulmonary disorders and in 16 of 23 patients with dysuric disorders. Organic respiratory and urinary changes were undetectable before operation. The authors considered a possibility of the development of the vagosolar syndrome lying in the basis of the pathogenesis of the above disorders. PMID- 3222746 TI - [Characteristics of the examination and drug therapy of pregnant women suffering from cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3222747 TI - [Neurologic manifestations in cardiovascular diseases: angioneurology in the therapist's practice]. PMID- 3222748 TI - [Somatic masks of depression]. PMID- 3222749 TI - [Psychopharmacotherapy in pathology of the internal organs]. PMID- 3222750 TI - [Angina, chronic tonsillitis and concomitant and related diseases (current evaluation of the problem)]. PMID- 3222751 TI - [Massive thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 3222752 TI - [Diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 3222753 TI - [Physician errors in the diagnosis of skin and venereal diseases]. PMID- 3222755 TI - [Clinico-immunologic characteristics of acute toxic-allergic reactions to drugs and current methods for their treatment]. AB - The paper is concerned with clinicoimmunological and allergological characterization of 29 cases of acute toxic allergic reactions (ATAR) to drugs. Four degrees of severity of disease were identified; the most severe form was toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by the use of sulfanilamides and pyrazolones in patients with acute respiratory virus and bacterial infections. Blood analysis in patients with III-IV degree of severity showed a sharp decrease in Ctot and C3 up to 0, an increase in the level of circulating immunocomplexes and "average molecules". Cellular immunity in III degree of severity was decreased. The main principles of therapy using extracorporeal immunocorrective methods were worked out. A leukocyte natural migration inhibition test was used for specific diagnosis of intolerance to medication. PMID- 3222754 TI - [Effect of ethacizine on indices of the oxygen regimen and blood perfusion of the skin in psoriasis patients]. AB - Oxygen regimen and hemoperfusion of affected and visually unchanged skin were studied in 35 patients with psoriasis universalis using methods of H and O polarography. Latent disorders of the microcirculatory system detected by functional tests were noted in visually unaffected skin zones. Sharp changes of oxygen regimen and hemoperfusion indices were noted in affected skin, especially during progression of disease. Course therapy with etatsizin at a daily dose of 150 mg resulted in a positive time course of a skin process in 91% of the patients; indices of microcirculation and tissue metabolism were significantly improved. PMID- 3222756 TI - [Clinico-immunologic characteristics of mite-borne bronchial asthma]. AB - The authors describe clinicoimmunological features of bronchial asthma caused by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. This type of asthma usually afflicts young persons, its course is mild. The main symptoms are dyspnea, rhinitis and conjunctivitis. In patients not going to the country the appearance of symptoms is of seasonal nature. Asthmatic attacks are usually nocturnal, especially in bedrooms with old bedclothes. Lingering reactions with a high titer of complement binding antibodies to mite and marked skin tests to the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen are noted. PMID- 3222757 TI - Cystic fibrosis: future trends in care. PMID- 3222758 TI - Respiratory symptoms in Danish farmers: an epidemiological study of risk factors. AB - An epidemiological study was performed with a self administered questionnaire in a representative sample of 1685 Danish farmers. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of self reported asthma, wheezing during work, and symptoms of chronic bronchitis and to evaluate possible risk factors for the development of these symptoms. A response rate of 73.3% was obtained. The prevalence of asthma was 7.7% and of chronic bronchitis 23.6% in responders. The prevalence of asthma and chronic bronchitis increased from 3.6% and 17.9% in 31-50 year old farmers to 11.8% and 33.0% in 51-70 year old farmers, and from 5.5% and 17.5% in dairy farmers to 10.9% and 32.0% in pig farmers. A logistic regression analysis with correction for age and smoking habits confirmed that pig farming was a risk factor for asthma (odds ratio 2.03), chronic bronchitis (odds ratio 1.53), and wheezing during work (odds ratio 3.33). PMID- 3222759 TI - Bronchoscopic evaluation of peripheral lung tumours. AB - The results obtained from fibreoptic bronchoscopy preformed under fluoroscopic guidance were evaluated in a prospective study of 71 consecutive patients with a peripheral lung lesion more than 2 cm in diameter on the chest radiograph. A peripheral lung lesion was defined as a lesion that was not seen within the bronchial tree at fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Small volume washings, bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy, and bronchial brushings were carried out and fluid or tissue was sent for cytological or histological examination as appropriate. Of the 71 patients, 51 were subsequently shown to have malignant disease. In 38 of the patients the diagnosis of malignancy was made by bronchoscopy, from histological specimens alone or in conjunction with cytological specimens in 33, from brushings alone in two, and from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid alone in three patients. There were no important complications. Thus fibreoptic bronchoscopy in conjunction with fluoroscopic screening appears to be an effective and safe method for the initial investigation of a peripheral lung lesion more than 2 cm in diameter. PMID- 3222760 TI - The nasal response to exercise and exercise induced bronchoconstriction in normal and asthmatic subjects. AB - Two studies were carried out to test the hypothesis that the fall and recovery of nasal resistance after exercise in asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects are related to the development of bronchoconstriction after exercise. In study 1 nasal resistance (posterior rhinomanometry) and specific airway resistance (sRaw) were measured before challenge and one, five, 10 and 30 minutes after four minutes of exhausting legwork exercise in nine asthmatic subjects and nine age matched healthy subjects. One minute after exercise there was a reduction in nasal resistance of 49% (SD 15%) from baseline in the healthy subjects and of 66% (17%) in the asthmatic subjects. This response and the subsequent return of nasal resistance to baseline values did not differ significantly between the two groups despite a substantial difference in the change in sRaw, an increase of 74% (45%) in the asthmatic subjects 10 minutes after exercise, and no change in the non asthmatic subjects. In study 2, nasal and specific airway resistances were monitored according to the same measurement protocol in six subjects with increased airway reactivity. Subjects exercised on two occasions, wearing a noseclip, once while breathing cold, dry air and once while breathing warm, humid air. The fall in nasal resistance was similar under both conditions (to 47% and 39% of baseline), through sRaw rose only after cold air inhalation (to 172% of baseline). The results indicate that the nasal response to exercise is not related to bronchial obstruction in asthmatic subjects after exercise or to the temperature or humidity of the air inspired through the mouth during exercise. PMID- 3222761 TI - Diminished activity of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase in alveolar macrophages from patients with active sarcoidosis. AB - Alveolar macrophages differ from their percursors in blood, monocytes, by expressing strong activity of the tartrate resistant variant of acid phosphatase (TAcP). A study was carried out to analyse the expression of this enzyme cytochemical marker by alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage cells from 34 patients with sarcoidosis and 12 control subjects. Alveolar macrophages from control subjects displayed a strong and homogeneous staining pattern and only 0.1% of cells were negative after staining. Macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis showed reduced TAcP activity and up to 7% of the cells were negative. The percentage of TAcP negative macrophages was correlated with the percentage of lymphocytes and with the ratio of CD4 to CD8 lymphocytes among cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. The reduced TAcP activity in alveolar macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis may be due to an increased recruitment of immature precursors from blood. PMID- 3222762 TI - Comparison of arm and leg ergometry in patients with moderate chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Exercise testing is traditionally performed with leg exercise on either a treadmill or a bicycle ergometer. Many of these tests are terminated before dyspnoea occurs because of leg fatigue, arthritic pain, or claudication. A study was carried out to determine whether arm ergometry testing might serve as an alternative method to leg testing in eight patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. The patients had mild to moderate dyspnoea on exertion and required bronchodilator treatment. They had smoked an average of 62 pack years and had a mean FEV1 of 1.88 l. Arm and leg ergometry yielded similar levels of maximum ventilation (arm 47.2, leg 48.6 l/min), maximum heart rates (126 v 124 beats/min), maximum tidal volume (1.5 v 1.6 l), and respiratory rate (30 v 29 breaths/min); but maximum oxygen consumption (1120 v 966 ml/min), maximum power output (62 v 26 w), and oxygen pulse (9.1 v 7.8 ml/beat) were all higher with leg than with arm ergometry. In addition, ventilation and heart rate at a given level of oxygen consumption were higher for arm than for leg work during both submaximal and maximal exercise. It is concluded that arm ergometry offers an alternative testing method to leg testing in patients with moderate chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 3222763 TI - Bronchial responsiveness, lung mechanics, gas transfer, and corticosteroid response in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. AB - Thirty patients with stable chronic airflow obstruction receiving regular bronchodilator treatment were studied to determine whether the level of bronchial responsiveness, transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TLCO), or the mechanical properties of the lung predicted a bronchodilator response to oral corticosteroid treatment. Before treatment mean (SD) FEV1 was 48% (16%) of the predicted value (% pred); the geometric mean concentration of methacholine required to produce a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) was 0.44 (range 0.07-3.32) mg/ml; and TLCO was 59% (21%) predicted. The exponential constant (k) defining the shape of the static volume pressure curve was 146% (66%) predicted and pulmonary conductance relative to predicted lung volume at a transpulmonary pressure of 5 cm H2O (sGL5) was 72% (37%) predicted. After prednisolone treatment (0.6 mg kg-1 day-1 for two weeks) FEV1 increased by 8% (19%) (p less than 0.05) and daily mean peak flow (PEF) by 3% (10%) (p less than 0.01) over pretreatment values. Three patients had an increase in FEV1 of more than 30%, two of whom had sputum eosinophilia (p less than 0.05). The three were among the 13 patients with a reduced sGL5. The increase in FEV1 did not correlate with initial PC20 (r = 0.16), k (r = -0.12), or TLCO (r = -0.14). Thus measurements of bronchial responsiveness, lung distensibility, and TLCO did not predict corticosteroid response in patients with stable chronic airflow obstruction. Patients with sputum eosinophilia or reduced pulmonary conductance may be more likely to respond. PMID- 3222765 TI - Treatment of diuretic resistant cor pulmonale by continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration. AB - A woman with diuretic resistant cor pulmonale had 24 litres of fluid removed over four days by arteriovenous haemofiltration. She was discharged one week later and has remained ambulant and independent for one year. PMID- 3222764 TI - Forced expiratory indices in normal Libyan men. AB - Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory ratio in the first second (FEV1% VC), forced expiratory flow between 200 and 1200 ml (FEF200-1200), and forced mid expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FMF) were measured in 275 Libyan men ranging from 20 to 60 years. All values were lower with increasing age and, apart from FEV1% VC, were positively correlated with standing height. This study can be used as a source of reference for Libyan men. PMID- 3222766 TI - Retrospective estimation of values for total lung capacity by plethysmography, helium gas dilution, and chest radiography in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - In children with cystic fibrosis, total lung capacity was estimated by helium dilution, plethysmography, and radiography. None of these methods should be used interchangeably as the 95% confidence intervals for estimating were large at 58 144% for radiography and 45.3-100.4% for helium dilution. PMID- 3222767 TI - Pulmonary infection with Nocardia caviae in a patient with diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis. AB - The first reported case of pulmonary infection with Nocardia caviae in Britain occurred in a 67 year old woman, in whom diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis probably contributed to impaired cell mediated immunity. She was successfully treated with gentamicin 60 mg eight hourly and sulphadimidine 500 mg six hourly for six months and then with sulphadimidine 2 g/day for a further three months. When Nocardia caviae is isolated from the sputum of a patient with chronic respiratory infection and fever, effective treatment should be started promptly. PMID- 3222768 TI - Pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis complicating juvenile dermatomyositis. AB - A 9 year old boy with juvenile dermatomyositis developed pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis. This previously unreported association was treated successfully by bronchoalveolar lavage. PMID- 3222769 TI - Left vocal cord paralysis after mobilisation of the internal mammary artery. AB - A case of vocal cord paralysis following mobilisation of the internal mammary artery is described. Of the various possible mechanisms, the most likely in this case is damage to the vagus nerve in the root of the neck, where it passes close to the origin of the internal mammary artery. Diathermy may have caused the damage, and this may be avoided by using a disposable automatic clip applier on any branches of the mammary artery in the area. PMID- 3222770 TI - One stage repair for an oesophageal fistula after pneumonectomy using an omental pedicle flap. AB - A 67 year old man developed an oesophageal fistula after a pneumonectomy that was complicated by an empyema. An omental pedicle flap was brought through the diaphragm to repair the fistula and to fill the empyema space. The outcome was successful. PMID- 3222771 TI - Hypothermic protection (26 degrees-25 degrees C) without perfusion cooling for surgery of congenital cardiac defects using prolonged occlusion. PMID- 3222772 TI - Thyroid function and endocrine abnormalities in elderly patients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 3222773 TI - Sarcoidosis possibly predisposing to disseminated histoplasmosis. PMID- 3222774 TI - Mesenchymoma of the lung. PMID- 3222775 TI - [Value of inhibitory index in the comparison of 4 oral beta-lactams against germs responsible of bronchopulmonary infections in pediatrics]. PMID- 3222776 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime-axetil administered by the oral route in the elderly]. PMID- 3222777 TI - [Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections with cefuroxime-axetil. Comparison with cefaclor]. PMID- 3222778 TI - [Evaluation of cefuroxime-axetil in the treatment of acute sinusitis in adults. Comparative study with cefaclor]. PMID- 3222779 TI - [Clinical study of the tolerance of a new antibiotic by a pharmacovigilance cohort. Apropos of cefuroxime-axetil]. PMID- 3222780 TI - Thermally induced conformational changes in fibrin film. AB - Fibrin film is prepared by compaction in one dimension of a fibrin clot (pH 6.3, ionic strength 0.15, fibrin concentration about 0.5%) by expulsion of fluid to reach a fibrin concentration of about 15%. Strips of film, equilibrated in the same buffer with very slowly increasing temperature, shrink in length in a narrow temperature range, as reported in 1962 by Loeb and Scheraga. The transition temperature was found to be 54 +/- 2 degrees C independently of whether the film was unligated or ligated (cross-linked) by Factor XIIIa and whether the film had previously undergone stretching with about 50% stress relaxation at a relative length of 1.23 to 1.44 and subsequent stress-free retraction. The percentage of linear shrinkage in buffer was about 32%. The transition corresponds to that observed calorimetrically by Mihalyi and Donovan in both fibrinogen and fibrin and by Medved' and Privalov in fibrinogen, localized in the D fragment. It is attributed to unfolding of structures in the D domain. PMID- 3222781 TI - Effects of changes in intracellular pH induced by platelet storage and treatment with monovalent cation ionophores on platelet functions. AB - The intracellular pH of platelets was measured by the fluorescent dye technique using 9-aminoacridine and BCECF-AM. Although platelet cytoplasmic pH determined by BCECF remained constant, the intracellular pH, determined by 9-aminoacridine, decreased during storage then increased when the stored platelets were incubated with fresh plasma, which led to the restoration of platelet functions. Since the average pH of cytoplasm and cell organelles is detected by 9-aminoacridine and only the cytoplasmic pH is detected by BCECF, the results suggested that changes of the organelle pH affected the platelet functions. Aggregability was measured using thrombin, ADP, collagen, A23187, arachidonic acid (AA), TPA and ristocetin, after the intracellular pH had been altered by treating the platelets with ionophores (monensin and nigericin) or after the membrane potential had been depolarized by treating with a buffer containing a high concentration of potassium ion. The depolarization increased platelet sensitivity only to three of the agonists, ADP, collagen and a low concentration of AA, while the increase of organelle pH and/or cytoplasmic pH enhanced the sensitivity to six of the above agonists, excluding ristocetin. Decrease of cytoplasmic pH reduced the sensitivity of the platelets to a low concentration of AA, but enhanced the sensitivity to thrombin and TPA. The results indicated that membrane potential, organelle pH and cytoplasmic pH influenced platelet functions via different mechanisms. PMID- 3222782 TI - Clinico-pharmacological studies with recombinant hirudin. AB - The pharmacokinetics of recombinant hirudin were studied in 9 healthy subjects after single intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular doses of 0.1 mg/kg. Generally, administration of r-hirudin was tolerated without side effects. An assay was used which detects the inhibitor in blood and urine by its antithrombin activity. Absorption, distribution and elimination of r-hirudin were found to be corresponding to the results obtained with native hirudin. The effects on the haemostatic system were evaluated. Thrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were prolonged dependent on the r-hirudin plasma level. Platelet counts, fibrinogen level and fibrinolytic system were unchanged. Bleeding time was not prolonged. After administration of r-hirudin in case of chronic DIC, fibrinogen level, platelet counts and fibrin monomers transiently returned to normal values. PMID- 3222783 TI - Immunovisualization of fibrinogen A alpha-chain heterogeneity in normal plasma and plasma from patients with DIC or on streptokinase therapy. AB - Purified fibrinogen as well as normal plasma, or plasma from patients with DIC or undergoing streptokinase(SK)-therapy was subjected to 1D- and 2D SDS electrophoresis under reducing conditions. The pattern was revealed either by Coomassie-staining or immunostaining after Western-blotting and then compared. The use of polyclonal antibodies to fibrinogen as well as two monoclonal anti bodies reacting with FPA and C-terminal part of the A alpha-chain confirmed immunologically the previously reported molecular weight heterogeneity of the A alpha-chain of the fibrinogen molecule as being a constituent of normal plasma, and lead to the following conclusions: 1. The MW-heterogeneity is observed in the fibrinogen pool of normal plasma as well as in DIC-plasma, SK-plasma and in purified fibrinogen, being the least noticeable in normal plasma and most advanced in SK-plasma. Patterns obtained using immunostaining with monoclonal anti-FPA confirm that the MW-heterogeneity of fibrinogen is mainly due to C terminal degradation of the A alpha-chain. 2. Numerous A alpha-chain remnants (at least 9), with intact N-terminal ends, are found to be present in normal plasma, with a MW range from 66,200 to 36,000 Da, demonstrating that each of the "classical" HMW, LMW, LMW' subgroups consist of fibrinogen molecules which are very heterogeneous. 3. Two populations of A alpha-chains in purified fibrinogen and in fibrinogen in plasma react with the C-terminal specific Mab G-8. This is in contrast to the findings in plasma from streptokinase-treated patients, where several bands of lower molecular weights than the gamma-chain can be seen, suggesting the presence of free, circulating A-alpha chains split in the N terminal half of the chain beyond the last inter-chain disulphide bond. 4. 2D electrophoresis disclosed substantial deviations in the patterns obtained with DIC-plasma, SK-plasma and with fibrinogen purified by beta-alanine-precipitation from that observed with normal plasma. The present technique allows selective characterization of fibrinogen independently of the other proteins present in plasma and offers extreme sensitivity. PMID- 3222784 TI - Exercise-induced changes in platelet aggregation; a comparison of whole blood and platelet rich plasma techniques. AB - Studies have been performed to assess the effect of exercise on spontaneous platelet aggregation in shaken whole blood, and on agonist-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood and platelet rich plasma (PRP). Spontaneous platelet aggregation in shaken whole blood was increased following exercise compared to pre-exercise values. The increase in spontaneous aggregation after exercise correlated inversely with the increase in white cell count in whole blood. Platelet sensitivity in whole blood to adrenaline, collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was increased following exercise. Changes in platelet sensitivity to adrenaline following exercise correlated with increases in plasma noradrenaline levels but not with changes in blood cell counts. In PRP, platelet sensitivity to ADP and to collagen was increased following exercise when the pre and post-exercise PRP platelet counts were not corrected to allow for the increase in platelet count which occurred with exercise. When the PRP platelet counts were corrected, no changes in platelet sensitivity to any agonist after exercise were observed. PMID- 3222785 TI - No evidence for sex ratio distortion in relation with feto-maternal HLA-DR compatibility. AB - Two separate studies have shown a distortion in the sex ratio of first born children from HLA-DR compatible parents (Ober et al. 1985, Radvany et al. 1987). Kilpatrick (1987) was unable to confirm this distortion on an independent family data set. The question of the HLA-DR related sex ratio distortion still remained open. In the data set, "Provinces Francaises" families from 15 French provinces and Quebec were tested for a number of genetic markers including HLA-DR. In 1304 of these families, the HLA-DR results and family structure information were sufficient to allow the testing of this hypothesis. There were 2265 male and 2156 female children (overall sex ratio: 1.05); 1307 males and 1237 females were HLA DR typed. In this group, the sex ratios are little different from those in the overall set, except for the firstborns which exhibit an apparent increase in the sex ratio. When dividing the sample between children fully HLA-DR compatible with their mother and those incompatible (i.e. having one antigen not present in the mother), the sex ratios in the two groups are little different whatever the birth order. This analysis has failed to observe any significant distortion in the sex ratio related to fetomaternal compatibility in agreement with the study of Kilpatrick. We conclude that, if such a distortion exists, it must be small. PMID- 3222786 TI - [Legal fundamentals and practical accomplishments of abattoir and meat research in mammalian game animals]. AB - Meat regulations also involve game inspection. The previous publication mainly dealt with the regulations and their practice concerning game intended for slaughter. The following publication deals with game hunted for food (deer: red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer; horned ungulates: european mufflon, chamois; wild boar; european hare; european rabbit) and also game such as the badger and the raccoon. PMID- 3222787 TI - [An incarcerated iris hernia after a perforating corneal injury in a cat]. PMID- 3222789 TI - [Indirect blood pressure determination in the horse with the Dinamap 1255 research monitor]. AB - In 26 horses measurings of blood pressure, using the Dinamap 1255 research monitor, were performed and compared for accuracy with blood pressure values obtained by direct measurement in the arteria carotis. It was found that oscillometrically ascertained initial blood values in standing horses have a sufficient correlation to initial blood pressure values obtained by direct measurement. But every blood pressure change is registered too late, when using the oscillometric blood pressure apparatus. This temporal delay becomes unacceptable, when a considerable increase in blood pressure occurs. A reliable oscillometric blood pressure measurement with uneven and irregular pulse waves is not possible at all. PMID- 3222788 TI - [Accumulated occurrence of lipomatosis in a cattle herd in Assiut (Egypt)]. AB - A total number of 30 native breed cows were used in this investigation. Ten animals were clinically healthy and kept as control, while 20 diseased cows were selected according to rectal findings. At the beginning of the disease, the cows appeared obese with marked deposition of fat in the subcutaneous tissue at the lumbosacral area, later on they became emaciated. Additional signs were digestive disturbance in form of diarrhea or constipation and tympany. Rectal examination revealed hard irregular masses of various size which were palpated in the pelvis, the perirenal area around the colon and the rectum. More information about the nature and character of the lesions were taken from slaughtered cows. Biochemical analysis, including total lipids, cholesterol triglycerides and creatine kinase, were carried out in both healthy and diseased cows. In advanced cases of bovine lipomatosis hyperlipemia and hypercholesterolemia as well as increased creatine kinase values were constant findings. The aetiology of this disease is still unknown. PMID- 3222790 TI - [The progress of a fibrinolytic therapy with streptokinase, urokinase and warfarin in a thoroughbred with intermittent lameness with special reference to resonance thrombography]. AB - A thoroughbred horse, suffering from intermittent lameness was treated with streptokinase, urokinase and warfarin. The appearing fibrinolytic changes in coagulation were exhibited in a resonance thrombogram. In attendant coagulation studies fibrinogen- and fibrin-degradation products were demonstrated. The stallion does not show any lameness since the end of the treatment and is standing in a breeding station since March 1988. PMID- 3222791 TI - [The optimal radiologic presentation of the horse digit under practice conditions]. AB - Requirements for optimal radiography of the horsetoe are described. Examples are given for getting X-rays of high quality under practice conditions, by using special intensifying screens and all the possibilities of radiological technique to guarantee a short exposure time. PMID- 3222793 TI - [Methodology of personal dosimetry]. PMID- 3222794 TI - [Occupational radiation exposure. Roentgen and radiation protection ordinances. 7th combined German-Austrian meeting on radiation protection. Linz, 17-18 June 1988. 29th annual meeting of the German Nuclear Medicine Association. 14 annual meeting of the Association of Medical Radiation Protection in Austria]. PMID- 3222792 TI - [The effectiveness of the combined treatment of thrombocytic hemorrhagic diathesis of dogs with prednisolone and blood transfusion in the model of an aspirin-produced thrombocytopathy]. AB - The administration of 20 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid in 18 clinically healthy dogs resulted in a thrombocytopathy with lengthened capillary bleeding time and irreversible aggregation inhibition. Through the set up of individual dilution series, one could conclude the proportional percentage of aggregation functional transfused thrombocytes. The capillary bleeding time was shortened after the intravenous injection of prednisolone (5 mg/kg) without measurable influence on the thrombocytes. Compared to the singular use of cortisone or blood transfusion alone, the effect on capillary bleeding time became magnified when one combined transfusion and corticosteroids. The fresh blood conserves (12 hours) were, with respect to the haemostyptical properties, superior to blood stored for 5 days. The component of aggregation-functional thrombocytes was, due to the prophylactic cortisone application prior to transfusion, not increased. PMID- 3222795 TI - [Consequences of the recommendations of the ICRP]. PMID- 3222796 TI - [Radiation injuries]. PMID- 3222798 TI - [Results of film dosimetry in Austria]. PMID- 3222797 TI - [The x-ray ordinance of January 8, 1987]. PMID- 3222799 TI - [Quality assurance in x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 3222800 TI - [The x-ray examination standards of the DDR as a means of quality assurance and radiation protection]. PMID- 3222801 TI - [Desirable changes in statutory regulations on radiation protection in Austria]. PMID- 3222802 TI - [The amendment to the radiation protection ordinance]. PMID- 3222804 TI - [Sister chromatid exchange as an indicator of low radiation doses]. PMID- 3222805 TI - [An account of a radiation accident involving a medical radiation source in Goiania, Brazil]. PMID- 3222806 TI - [Results of personal dosimetry in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 3222803 TI - [Principles and methods of chromosome analysis for the biological detection of radiation exposure]. PMID- 3222808 TI - [Results of TL-personal dosimetry in Austria]. PMID- 3222807 TI - [Chromosome status following potential external and internal radiation exposure from 137Cs]. PMID- 3222809 TI - [Results of dosimetric measurements of personnel in nuclear medicine]. PMID- 3222810 TI - [A new assessment of the data from Hiroshima and Nagasaki]. PMID- 3222811 TI - Upper gastrointestinal tract findings in patients with dyspepsia. PMID- 3222812 TI - Sex hormone profile in cirrhosis liver. PMID- 3222813 TI - Endoscopy is required in all patients with dyspepsia. For the proposition. PMID- 3222814 TI - Endoscopy is required in all patients with dyspepsia. Against the proposition. PMID- 3222815 TI - Coarctation of the inferior vena cava associated with hypoplasia of the entire vena cava and a chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome. PMID- 3222816 TI - [Urinary lithiasis and infection. Apropos of 372 cases]. PMID- 3222817 TI - [Diaphragmatic hernia in adults. Apropos of 2 case reports]. PMID- 3222819 TI - [Lipoma of the uterus: apropos of a case of leiomyolipoma]. PMID- 3222818 TI - [Small pulmonary tumor: (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 3222820 TI - [Congenital afibrinogenemia in a Tunisian family]. PMID- 3222821 TI - [Renovascular arterial hypertension caused by stenosis of a branch of the renal artery. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3222823 TI - [Morphologic research on the ciliary body in contact transscleral laser cyclocoagulation of human and rabbit eyes]. PMID- 3222822 TI - [Iatrogenic bacterial pneumopathies at the intensive care unit]. PMID- 3222824 TI - [An aspiration-irrigation method in microsurgery of the eye]. PMID- 3222825 TI - [Pilaren in the therapy of open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 3222826 TI - [Apparent accommodation in artiphakia]. PMID- 3222827 TI - [Akinesia of the eyeball by the use of diplacin]. PMID- 3222828 TI - [Interrelation of the rate of decompression of the eyeball and associated vasomotor reactions occurring in the vessels of the uveal tract]. PMID- 3222829 TI - [Towards the All-Union Congress of Physicians of the USSR (the pathways of the development of Soviet ophthalmology)]. PMID- 3222830 TI - [Local and systemic humoral immunity in myopic subjects]. PMID- 3222831 TI - [Characteristics of visual functions in concomitant strabismus in young infants and preschoolers]. PMID- 3222832 TI - [An analysis of diagnostic methods in fractures of the lateral portion of the midface with damage to the eye and its appendages]. PMID- 3222833 TI - [A new diagnostic method in dacryology]. PMID- 3222834 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the early stages of macular dystrophy and optic nerve pathology using modern electroretinographic and perimetric tests]. PMID- 3222835 TI - [Instrument-associated myopia and its effect on the work capacity of microscopists]. PMID- 3222836 TI - [A method of autocampimetric study of the visual field]. PMID- 3222837 TI - [Morphologic retinal changes in experimental disorders of the sympathetico adrenal system]. PMID- 3222838 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical manifestations of glaucoma with a relatively low ocular tonus and various levels of arterial pressure]. PMID- 3222839 TI - [Comparative pathomorphologic study of the action of continuous laser radiation of various spectral compositions on the tissues of the fundus oculi of the rabbit]. PMID- 3222840 TI - [Correction of lipid peroxidation in the vitreous body in hemorrhage]. PMID- 3222841 TI - [An initial trial of the clinical use of a set of ophthalmoscopic lenses]. PMID- 3222842 TI - [Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome (dyskeratosis congenita)]. PMID- 3222843 TI - [Sjogren's disease (clinical and neurophysiologic aspects)]. PMID- 3222844 TI - [Macular dystrophy in a female patient with psoriasis]. PMID- 3222845 TI - [Dependence of the incidence of primary glaucoma occurrence on the the structure of the anterior chamber angle of the eyes]. PMID- 3222846 TI - [Experimental restoration of the function of the knee joint using an intercondylar endoprosthesis of a new design]. AB - The method and results of intercondylar endoprosthesis of the knee joint in combination with the removal from the joining surfaces of the epicondyle of the articular cartilage with the subchondral plate are described. The method was used in experiment in 25 dogs on 27 joints. Early and persistent recovery of the joint function and the supporting abilities of the extremity was achieved. The proposed method of endoprosthesis of the knee joint is thought to be expedient in the clinical practice. PMID- 3222847 TI - [The human umbilical cord vein in the surgical treatment of acute arterial thrombosis]. AB - The authors' experience with the application of bioprostheses of the human umbilical cord vein allows them to speak of its effectiveness and positive properties such as: 1) thromboresistance, 2) areactivity, 3) immunological compatibility, 4) firmness, 5) possibility of prolonged storage, which make it possible to be used in urgent surgery of the vessels. Positive results were obtained in 89.47% of the cases and the authors think that using bioprostheses of the human umbilical cord vein is expedient in the surgery of acute arterial thromboses. PMID- 3222848 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of peptic ulcer by autologous transfusion of photo-modified blood]. AB - The authors have determined indications and contraindications for using the method of haemotherapy based upon their experience with more than 1200 transfusions of photomodified autoblood under conditions of the hospital and 84 AUVIBs under the ambulatory conditions. The treatment of non-complicated forms of ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum is shown to be possible under the ambulatory conditions, cicatrization of the ulcers developing 2-3 times more rapidly than under the currently used treatment of the ulcer disease under conditions of the hospital. PMID- 3222849 TI - [Hemosorption in the complex treatment of patients with suppurative arthritis]. AB - The authors make an analysis of their experiences with the treatment of 47 patients with purulent arthritis. They recommend to include hemosorption for detoxication in the postoperative period. PMID- 3222850 TI - [Treatment of pulmonary hypertension in the immediate period after general anesthesia and surgical correction of patent ductus arteriosus and heart septal defects]. AB - Surgical correction of the arterial duct and defects of the cardiac septa is followed in the nearest period after surgical correction by lung hypertension which considerably aggravates the postoperative period. The observation of 74 patients has shown that infusions of 1% solution of phosphobion (0.05 mg/kg/min) in the pulmonary artery decrease the pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vascular resistance, make the incidence of disturbed heart rate less frequent, reduce the concentration of noradrenaline and prostaglandins. PMID- 3222851 TI - [Epidural anesthesia in patients with morbid obesity]. AB - Epidural anesthesia with spontaneous respiration was used in 86 obese patients with the excessive body weight 130% more than the ideal weight. The minimum influence of epidural anesthesia upon oxygenation of the arterial blood in spontaneous respiration with the atmospheric air during abdominal interventions was noted. This kind of anesthesia decreased the risk of development of toxic complications characteristic of general anesthesia and gave less intraoperative load upon the cardio-vascular system of obese patients. The results obtained allow considering the epidural anesthesia to be the method of choice in very obese patients during operations on organs of the abdominal cavity. PMID- 3222852 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute abscesses of the lungs]. AB - Under study were results of clinical, immunological and bacteriological examinations of 130 patients with acute abscesses of the lungs. The complex treatment included antibacterial therapy taking into account the antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora, correction of disturbances of the protein and water-salt metabolism, desintoxication measures, immunotherapy and sanitation of purulent cavities and the tracheobronchial tree. PMID- 3222854 TI - [Cryogenic treatment of persistent ulcers with hyperkeratosis]. PMID- 3222853 TI - [Possible correction of chemotactic activity of peripheral blood leukocytes before surgical treatment of patients with chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 3222855 TI - [Treatment of patients with occlusive arterial diseases of the legs with prostaglandin E1]. PMID- 3222857 TI - [Secondary stomach ulcers after organ-sparing operations in duodenal ulcer]. AB - Eight cases of ulcer of the vagotomized stomach are described which appeared at different terms after organ-preserving operations. Resections of the stomach were fulfilled to all the patients. The main role in the appearance of secondary ulcers is attached to evacuatory disorders. The authors consider the operation of choice in ulcer stenosis of the duodenum to be tubular antrumectomy with subtotal dissection of the lesser curvature and reestablishment of the direct gastroduodenal continuity. The operations on 180 patients gave good immediate and long-term results. PMID- 3222856 TI - [Regeneration of the alveolar tree after suppurative-destructive diseases of the lungs]. AB - Electron microscopic examinations of the lungs of animals with the model of experimental staphylococcal destruction of the lungs have revealed the regeneration of lung tissues which took place by the 6th month from the onset of the disease. The stimulating effect of laser radiation on the cell growth at the expense of mitosis was observed in the culture of epithelioid cells of the lung tissue. Findings of bronchography, angiopulmonography and an analysis of the function of external respiration in 10 patients have shown a complete anatomical and functional recovery of the alveolar tissue in sites of the former localization of pulmonary abscesses. PMID- 3222858 TI - [Various aspects of perestroika in surgery and blood transfusion]. AB - The author considers different aspects of perestroika in medical science and health protection concerned with surgery and transfusiology which are necessary for improving the quality and effectiveness of medical aid to people. PMID- 3222859 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis and cancer of the pancreas]. AB - A microscopic study of 93 preparations of the pancreas from patients with a primary chronic pancreatitis allowed the authors to conclude that the primary chronic pancreatitis is a background favourable for the development of carcinoma, carcinoma of the pancreas being practically always accompanied by an acute inflammatory process. The presence of pancreatitis in patients with carcinoma of the pancreas is responsible for incompetence of pancreatoenteroanastomosis frequently developing in the postoperative period. The application of external controlled trans-anastomosis drainage of the common bile duct and pancreatic ducts resulted in more than 3 times less incidence of this complication. PMID- 3222860 TI - [Obturator shunting in suppuration of vascular prostheses]. AB - An experience with using obturatory shunts in 10 patients with suppurations of vascular prostheses after reconstructive operations on the aorto-iliac segment for its occlusive lesion is presented. The authors have come to a conclusion that extra-anatomical shunting through the closing inlet of the pelvis when combined with resection or removal of the infected vascular prosthesis, local and general antibacterial therapy is an effective method of treatment of the pathology in question. The modified method of shunting facilitates performing the operation in most critical patients. Good results were obtained in 7 of 10 patients operated upon. Two patients died. The amputation of the extremity was fulfilled in 1 patient. PMID- 3222861 TI - [Occlusive plethysmography in the diagnosis of disorders of venous blood flow in the legs]. AB - The method of occlusive plethysmography giving an exact quantitative assessment of resistance of the venous bed was used for the examination of 91 patients with different degrees of alterations of the venous outflow before and after surgery. An analysis of the data obtained has shown the efficiency of the method as allowing to supplement and sometimes to substitute invasive methods of examination especially for the assessment of the venous outflow in profound veins and of effects of the surgical treatment. PMID- 3222862 TI - [Cervical rib syndrome]. PMID- 3222863 TI - [Enzymatic activity of the pancreas and liver in the cryosurgical treatment of diffuse pancreonecrosis]. PMID- 3222864 TI - [Incidence and causes of volvulus of the sigmoid in Ethiopia]. PMID- 3222865 TI - [Organ-sparing operation in echinococcosis and cancer of the kidney]. PMID- 3222866 TI - [Effectiveness of the elimination of lipid peroxidation products in various methods of detoxication therapy of patients with traumatic shock]. AB - The shockogenous trauma is followed by a considerable accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the patient's organism. The most effective of all the measures used for the detoxication was found to be extracorporal use of the donor spleen which resulted in lower content of lipid peroxidation products in blood plasma immediately after the procedure. The maximum effect was observed 1 hour later and persisted during one day after treatment. PMID- 3222867 TI - [Shock and septicemia as causes of death in burns]. AB - The work analyzes findings of 315 autopsies of victims of thermal traumas. Shock and sepsis are considered as causes of death of the burn patients: their share in the structure of lethality, their part in different age groups of the dead, factors contributing to death from shock and sepsis. The use of catheterization was shown to reduce probability of death from shock, but it considerably elevated (in children and middle aged people) risk of their death from sepsis, the early sepsis included. PMID- 3222868 TI - [Characteristics of traumatic disease in IgE-hyperimmunoglobulinemia]. PMID- 3222869 TI - [Plasmapheresis in severe forms of suppurative-septic diseases in children]. AB - Under analysis is the first experience with the application of discrete plasmapheresis in 44 children aged from 6 months to 14 years for detoxication of severe forms of pyo-septic diseases. The method of discrete plasmapheresis is described. The method was shown to have a favourable influence upon hemodynamics and some parameters of the cell and humoral immunity. The application of discrete plasmapheresis resulted in rapid liquidation of endotoxicosis, less lethality and shorter time of treatment at the hospital. Wider introduction of discrete plasmapheresis in children with pyo-septic diseases is recommended. PMID- 3222870 TI - [Tumors of the adrenal glands in children]. AB - The article presents results of diagnostics and treatment of 26 children with tumors of the adrenals. The diversity of clinical symptoms was dependent on the zone of the adrenal cortex where the adrenocortical tumors were developing and the character of the hormones released. In diagnostics of the localization of adrenal tumors the authors give preference to pneumoretroperitoneography. A conclusion is made that the hormonal background must be studied in each patient with gynecomastia and pneumoretroperitoneography should be performed. Such a watchfulness is thought to be the only condition of the timely diagnostics of esteroma. PMID- 3222871 TI - [Double kidney and vesico-ureteral reflux in children]. AB - Our clinical material has shown that results of organ-preserving operations on patients with doubling of the kidneys and vesicoureteral reflux are dependent on a number of factors. The leading factors are: degree of pathomorphofunctional alterations of the calyceal-pelvic system and parenchyma of the kidneys, the presence of pyelonephritis. After operations all the patients should be followed up at dispenseries. PMID- 3222873 TI - [Surgical correction of congenital arteriovenous aneurysms of the lungs]. AB - The authors have analyzed results of the surgical treatment of 24 out of 26 patients observed at the clinic for arterio-venous aneurysms of the lungs. It was found that the reduction of efficiency of the gas exchange function of the lungs before operation manifested itself by arterial and venous hypoxemia with an increased arterio-venous oxygen difference and pronounced decrease of blood oxygen strain. Good results of the operative treatment, rapid recovery of blood oxygenation, disappearance of hypoxemia symptoms make the surgical method the only radical one in treatment of such patients. The operation of choice was lobectomy. No lethal outcomes followed. PMID- 3222872 TI - [Acute testicular diseases in children]. AB - The work is based upon an experience with the treatment of 97 patients with acute diseases of the testicles aged from 6 months to 14 years. An analysis of remote results allows to recommend early urgent operative interventions which must be followed by complex antibacterial, desensitizing, antiinflammatory and immunodepressive therapy in the postoperative period. PMID- 3222874 TI - [Value of anthropometric data in the diagnosis of developmental defects of the anorectal area]. AB - A comparison of dimensions of the pelvis in healthy children (340) and children with developmental defects of the ano-rectal area (40) has shown all the dimensions to be altered in children with the congenital pathology which illustrates different degrees of underdevelopment of the anatomical structures of this field. The greatest deviation in the pelvis dimensions values was revealed in children of the older age group and appears to be an illustration of decreased trophic functions of the tissues. PMID- 3222875 TI - [Dislocations of the forearm bones with fracture of the internal epicondyle of the humerus in children]. AB - The article analyzes results of treatment of 77 children with dislocations of the forearm bones complicated by a fracture of the internal epicondyle of the humeral bone. The method of operative treatment with the fixation of the epicondyle with the help of a screw-stylus which, while fixing the fragments, allows early development of movements in the elbow articulation. Long-term results were followed-up in 70% of the patients treated by this method. Timely diagnosis and operative treatment gave good results almost in all the patients. PMID- 3222877 TI - [Acute pancreonecrosis in a child]. PMID- 3222876 TI - [Recurrent trichobezoar of the gastrointestinal tract in a child]. PMID- 3222878 TI - [Post-splenectomy pancreatitis]. PMID- 3222879 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum in surgical practice]. PMID- 3222880 TI - [Primary double contrasting of the stomach]. PMID- 3222881 TI - [Surgical treatment of aneurysm of the ascending aorta in Marfan syndrome]. AB - An experience with 26 operations for aneurysms of the ascending aorta with a concomitant insufficiency of the aorta valve in Marfan syndrome is described. We started using operations after Bentall-De Bono in 1979 and operations after Cabrol in 1983 which were used in cases with low localization of openings of the coronary arteries in relation to the fibrous ring of the aorta valve, as well as in cases with the dissecting aorta wall, especially involving the area of the openings. These operations allowed the intrahospital lethality to be reduced: in the period of 1979-86 it made up 30% (6 patients died out of 20), in 1983-86 it was 15.4%, in 1986 it was 12.5%. PMID- 3222882 TI - [Treatment of complicated paronychia of the fingers with retrograde infusions of lincomycin]. PMID- 3222884 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3222883 TI - [Use of lasers in polyclinical surgical practice]. PMID- 3222885 TI - [Intestinal fistula after appendectomy]. PMID- 3222886 TI - [External biliary fistula of surgical origin]. PMID- 3222887 TI - [Pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of dumping syndrome]. AB - The work presents results of treatment of 123 patients with a severe dumping syndrome following resection of the stomach for ulcer disease. The author considers that there is not any predisposition for the dumping-syndrome in resection of the stomach. This pathology is a result of inconsiderable errors in operation and can be prevented by strict observation of the rules of performing the operation. The reconstructive operation aimed at the creation of favorable conditions for the functioning of the gastric stump is indicated if the conservative treatment failed during 6-10 months. PMID- 3222888 TI - [Outcome of the surgical treatment of chemical burns of the esophagus and stomach]. AB - Results of the treatment of 70 patients with chemical burns of the stomach and esophagus were studied. Isolated burns of the stomach were diagnosed in 33 patients (47%), associated burns of the stomach and esophagus--in 37 patients (53%). The operation of choice for isolated burns of the stomach may be Billroth 2 resection, while for complete cicatrization of the stomach it was gastrectomy. In patients with associated injuries of the stomach and esophagus the curative methods should be chosen individually. In most cases due to pronounced emaciation they are to be divided into 2 steps. At the first step the conditions for nutrition of the patients are created (gastrostoma, enterostoma). At the second step--reconstructive operations are performed (plasty of the esophagus, gastroenteroanastomosis etc.). PMID- 3222889 TI - [Surgical treatment of sequelae of chemical burns of the upper segments of the digestive tract]. AB - An experience with the treatment of 210 patients with consequences of associated chemical burns of the esophagus and stomach (174 of them were operated on the stomach at early terms after burn for impassability) allowed recommendation of operation with the least risk--shunting interventions on the stomach and esophagus. Ante-thoracal lateral jejunostomy is thought to be indicated to patients with massive injuries of the stomach or complications of gastrostomy. PMID- 3222890 TI - [Immediate results of closed correction of recurrent mitral valve stenosis in the late stages of the disease]. AB - Immediate results of closed surgical correction of recurrence of mitral stenosis in 127 patients at late stages of the disease performed in 1957-1986 are described. Closed re-commissurotomy proved to be possible in 98.5% and was effective in 80% of the patients operated upon. The complications were related with hemorrhage, acute cardiac failure. The intrahospital lethality was 11.8%. Immediate improvement was obtained in 70.1% of the patients after operation. A conclusion was made that closed commissurotomy could be used with sufficient effects in cases where the artificial circulation was impossible. PMID- 3222891 TI - [Replantation of the major duodenal papilla]. AB - The authors describe 3 observations of replantation of the major duodenal papilla after its dissection from the duodenum. The results were favorable. There were no chronic pancreatitis or cholangitis. Follow-up observations continued for 66, 40 and 6 months after operation. The operation technique is described. PMID- 3222892 TI - [Embolization of the hepatic artery in the treatment of malignant tumors of the liver complicated by jaundice]. AB - Embolization of the hepatic artery (EHA) was performed in 7 patients with malignant tumors of the liver. Before EHA all the patients had an increased level of bilirubin and transaminase of blood serum. After performing EHA their levels decreased within 5-12 days in 6 patients, the average survival of the patients was 14 months. One patient died 5 days after EHA from hepatic insufficiency resulting from necrosis of the massive tumor. The conditions for safe performing of EHA under conditions of hyperbilirubinemia are discussed. PMID- 3222894 TI - [Postoperative mortality in acute cholecystitis and various ways of its reduction]. AB - Operations were performed on 1166 patients with acute cholecystitis in a group of surgical hospitals of the Novgorod region in the period from 1983 till 1986. Sixty eight of them died (5.8%). Among the immediate causes of death the first place is occupied by purulent complications, the second place -- by acute cardiovascular insufficiency. It is stressed that elderly and senile patients prevailed among those who died after operations for acute cholecystitis (83.8%). The role of timely admission to the hospital and early operations of patients with acute cholecystitis in getting favourable results is stressed. PMID- 3222893 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of abscesses of the liver using computerized tomography]. AB - An experience with using computer tomography in 64 patients with abscesses of the liver and percutaneous aspiration of the abscess content under control of tomography in 23 patients is presented. PMID- 3222895 TI - [Association of HLA antigens with appendicitis: pathogenetic and prognostic aspects]. AB - The authors think that genetically determined reactions are of significance in the development of appendicitis. PMID- 3222896 TI - [Restoration of the continuity of the large intestine]. AB - Restorative operations were performed on 55 patients aged from 15 to 76. In 35 patients the first operations were performed for carcinoma of the left half of the colon, in 20 patients -- for non-tumorous diseases. In 51 patients the first intervention was completed by the Hartman operation. In 4 patients a double anus was formed. Restorative operations were fulfilled within the period from 3 till 18 months. Complications in the postoperative period were noted in 21 patients. Five of them died: 4 patients -- from peritonitis and 1 -- from cardio-pulmonary insufficiency. PMID- 3222897 TI - [Surgical treatment of recurrent thrombosis after aorto-femoral reconstruction]. AB - The article describes an experience with the surgical treatment of repeated re thromboses after aorto-femoral reconstructions with a bifurcation explant in 34 patients with the Leriche syndrome of atherosclerotic etiology who were subjected to 110 reoperations. Different kinds of reconstructions for revascularization of extremities are considered. Favorable results were obtained in 76.5% of the cases. Lethality was 2.73% per 110 operations. Long-term results were studied during 13 years. The bifurcation explant was found to be functioning in 30% of the cases observed. PMID- 3222898 TI - [Reconstructive operations in suppurative and septic complications of vascular surgery]. AB - Results of the preventive surgical treatment in infection of vascular prostheses were much better than those obtained after operations performed against the background of arrosive hemorrhage. The division of the operation into two steps- the extrafocal shunt at the first step and removal of the purulent prosthesis at the second step--results not only in better immediate results of the treatment of these complications, but also in reduced lethality in this group of patients. The traction mode of removal of the prosthesis is recommended to patients with a pronounced scarry process around the prosthesis. PMID- 3222899 TI - [Hemosorption in the treatment of occlusive arterial diseases of the legs]. AB - The material of 117 hemosorptions has shown different efficiency of hemosorptions in patients with chronic arterial insufficiency to be dependent on genesis and stage of the disease. Hemosorption as an independent method may be used at early stages of obliterating endarteritis. PMID- 3222900 TI - [Local hypothermia in the treatment of acute arterial occlusion of the extremities]. AB - An experimental and clinical investigation of the possibility to use local hypothermia of the extremity in the complex treatment of its acute ischemia was performed. It was established that the local hypothermia could considerably improve tissue viability in the process of the extremity ischemia at the expense of spasmolytic, hypocoagulative, anesthetic effects and inhibition of metabolism. A conclusion is made that the local hypothermia should be used in the clinic for the improvement of results of treatment of patients with acute arterial obstruction of the lower extremities complicated by severe ischemia. PMID- 3222901 TI - [Invasive properties of follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 3222902 TI - [Correlation of the size of the breasts, body constitution and the incidence of development of dyshormonal processes in women]. PMID- 3222903 TI - [Prosthetic fungal endocarditis]. PMID- 3222904 TI - [Post-traumatic cicatricial stricture of the descending part of the duodenum]. PMID- 3222905 TI - [Extensive resection of the small intestine in an adult with incomplete version of the middle intestine]. PMID- 3222906 TI - [Benign tumors of the ovaries and pyloric stenosis in a newborn infant]. PMID- 3222907 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the stomach in a child]. PMID- 3222908 TI - [Progressive and nonprogressive tendencies in the treatment of endotoxemia]. PMID- 3222910 TI - [Effect of hemosorption on the functional state of the liver in patients with acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3222909 TI - [Experience using exchange plasmapheresis in the treatment of suppurative and septic complications]. AB - An experience with using exchange plasmapheresis for treatment of 48 patients with pyo-septic complications has shown that it has a pronounced detoxicating effect, facilitates normalization of the biochemical composition of blood, reduces its toxicity, allows to prepare the patients to operations. The use of exchange plasmapheresis is indicated to patients with clinical and laboratory symptoms of intoxication when the arsenal of all the methods and means of treatment have failed. PMID- 3222911 TI - [Our experience with the treatment of pancreatic fistula]. PMID- 3222912 TI - Plasma vitamins A and E, total lipid and cholesterol concentrations in captive jackass penguins (Spheniscus demersus). AB - The concentrations of vitamins A and E in the plasma of captive jackass penguins was studied in birds fed defined quantities of the vitamins. For a year, each of the 17 adult birds in the colony received a daily diet of 340 g of sprats and a vitamin supplement tablet, together providing 2.04 mg per day retinol equivalent and 185 mg per day alpha-tocopherol equivalent. The concentrations of plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol and the alpha-tocopherol/total lipid ratio compared well with those recorded in wild populations of related species of penguin and the birds moulted and bred successfully. PMID- 3222913 TI - Coping with blindness: a survey of 50 blind dogs. AB - A telephone survey of 50 owners of blind dogs was made in order to assess how well visually deprived dogs can cope within their environment. Ten of the 50 dogs surveyed died or were euthanased as a direct result of their blindness or ocular disease. Three owners were unable to come to terms with their pet's visual loss. Two dogs died as a result of accidents directly associated with blindness and five dogs were euthanased due to pain caused by glaucoma. Twenty-seven owners reported permanent behaviour or temperament changes in their pets. Behavioural changes included a more cautious approach to the environment and closer contact with the owner. Owners were aware of an obvious compensatory reliance on the senses of hearing and smell. Permanent temperament changes were reported in only two dogs both of whom became more aggressive. Only six of the surveyed dogs were unable or unwilling to find their way around in familiar surroundings. The most consistent measures undertaken by owners to ensure the dogs' safety was to prevent access to roads and to ensure that there was minimal movement of furniture within the home. Six dogs lost interest in exercise after the onset of blindness but a further six were still allowed to roam at large. Of the 32 owners who accompanied their dogs eight reported that restraint on a lead was unnecessary. Twenty-eight owners had encountered people who had suggested it was unkind to keep a blind dog. PMID- 3222914 TI - An unusual species of demodex mite in a cat. AB - Skin scrapings taken from an adult neutered female cat were found to contain demodicid mites. These differed morphologically from Demodex cati but resembled a currently unnamed species which has recently been reported from the cat. Measurements of this parasite are given for the first time. The skin lesions were treated with rotenone, but the animal died within a few days of this treatment. PMID- 3222916 TI - Dearth of veterinary surgeons. PMID- 3222915 TI - Salmonella in poultry. PMID- 3222917 TI - Condemnation of sports. PMID- 3222918 TI - Rare condition in a rottweiler. PMID- 3222919 TI - The effect of food deprivation on the rate of sulfamethazine elimination in goats. AB - The disposition kinetics and cumulative urinary excretion of sulfamethazine were compared in goats fed normally (control) and following a 72-hour period of starvation (fasting). The only pharmacokinetic parameter which showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups was the body (systemic) clearance. This decreased from 2.26 +/- 0.28 ml/min.kg (means +/- SD, n = 6) in the control group to 1.16 +/- 0.54 ml/min.kg in the fasting group (p less than 0.01). Since the apparent volume of distribution was not affected by starvation, the decreased clearance was attributed to slower metabolism of the drug. Because of the analytical method used to measure sulfamethazine concentrations in plasma and urine, no conclusion could be drawn as to whether the rates of hydroxylation or of acetylation, or both metabolic pathways were decreased in the starved condition. PMID- 3222921 TI - The effect of age on erythrocyte magnesium concentrations of dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation. AB - Blood samples were taken at weekly intervals from fifty four dairy cows (mainly Friesians and Jerseys) during the periods 8 weeks before and 8 weeks after calving. The cows were divided into two age groups; Group 1 consisting of 26 cows 2 1/2 to 4 years old and Group 2 consisting of 28 cows over 4 years old. The changes in erythrocyte magnesium (EMg) and plasma magnesium (PMg) concentrations before and after calving were expressed as the slope of each blood parameter regressed on weeks. The post-partum EMg concentration slope (increase) was greater (P less than 0.05) in the older cows than in the young ones. The older cows also had higher (P less than 0.05) mean EMg concentrations than the young cows. Between cow EMg concentrations variations were significant (P less than 0.05) in both age groups while the weekly EMg concentration variations were only significant (P less than 0.05) in the older cows after calving. Age did not influence the changes in PMg concentrations before or after calving. Nor did the PMg concentrations vary significantly either between cows or between weeks. PMID- 3222920 TI - Quantitative autofluorescence in the ovine and canine ocular fundus in ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease). AB - Yellow-green autofluorescence was quantified in the fundi of sheep and dogs with ceroid-lipofuscinosis, using a modified photographic slit-lamp microscope with motorized scanning probe, a photomultiplier system and a digital radiometer. In age-matched controls, no fluorescence was detected. The technique should prove useful as a clinical aid in the early differential diagnosis of this disease and in the basic study of aging. PMID- 3222922 TI - Onchocerca armillata Railliet and Henry, 1909 and Onchocerca gutturosa (Neumann, 1910) in camels (Camelus dromedarius L.) in the Sudan. AB - A study undertaken to determine the Onchocerca species infecting camels that live in the same localities as cattle in the Dinder Region, Blue Nile Province, Sudan revealed concurrent infections with the bovine parasites Onchocerca armillata in the thoracic aorta, brachiocephalic trunks and brachial arteries and Onchocerca gutturosa in the ventral side of the lamellar parts of the ligamentum nuchae. The microfilariae of both species had the same predilection sites in the skin of the ears, head and neck regions. Those of O. gutturosa outnumber those of O. armillata but both are smaller than the respective uterine microfilariae. Males and microfilariae of both species are smaller than those of cattle origin. PMID- 3222923 TI - Abomasal impaction associated with anorexia and mortality in lambs. AB - Anorexia in forty-six (6.1%) out of 753 neonatal lambs was investigated. Thirty five of these lambs (76.1%) died while eleven (23.9%) recovered after treatment. Coagulated rubber-like milk clots were found in fifteen (42.9%), phytobezoars in nine (25.7%) and trichophytobezoars and coarse straws in eleven (31.4%) of the dead lambs. PMID- 3222924 TI - A microscopic study of increased vascular permeability and leucocyte emigration in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the chicken. AB - Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis was produced in chickens with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti-BSA chicken serum. Colloidal carbon was then given intravenously to identify the leaky vessels. Examination of the resulting sequential changes revealed a marked increase in vascular permeability affecting the venules. A noteworthy feature of the reaction was the early participation of the basophils, which contained phagocytosed carbon particles. Eosinophils were absent. PMID- 3222925 TI - [Incidence of intraventricular thrombosis after acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3222926 TI - [Cefoperazone--comparison of the in vitro effects and pharmacokinetic indicators with clinical results]. PMID- 3222927 TI - [Primary chyluria]. PMID- 3222928 TI - [An unusual complication of therapy with Pelentan--hemorrhage into the iliopsoas muscle]. PMID- 3222929 TI - [Revised recommendations for the classification of acute leukemias according to the French-American-British Group]. PMID- 3222930 TI - [The effect of moderate physical activity on thrombocyte aggregation in persons with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3222932 TI - [Perfusion scintigraphy of the lungs in the evaluation of the possibility of resection of bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 3222933 TI - [Diagnosis of thrombosis of the deep veins of the lower extremity and the pelvis and pulmonary thromboembolism using 99m Tc HSA, MAA]. PMID- 3222931 TI - [A new, noninvasive method of measuring motor and sensory conductivity]. PMID- 3222934 TI - [The importance of group psychotherapy in the treatment of depression in a hospital]. PMID- 3222936 TI - [The effect of microwave diathermy equipment on pacemaker function]. PMID- 3222935 TI - [Cholesteatoma of the ear in children]. PMID- 3222937 TI - [Diagnosis and study of an epidemic of legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 3222938 TI - [The role of dental root cement in the pathogenesis and therapy of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3222940 TI - UWI Medical Alumni International Conference to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the University of the West Indies. November 20-26, 1988, Ocho Rios and Kingston, Jamaica. Abstracts. PMID- 3222939 TI - [Duplicate pyloric canal--radiologic and endoscopic detection]. PMID- 3222941 TI - [Chymotrypsin activity and vitamin D and calcium metabolism in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 3222942 TI - [Acute mechanical intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3222943 TI - [Analysis of postprandial disorders in patients after gastrectomy for peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3222944 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase of granulocytes in patients before and after the surgical treatment of neutral goiter]. PMID- 3222945 TI - [Cancer of the uterine body and pathological endometrial hyperplasia]. PMID- 3222946 TI - [Pregnancy and labor after previous spontaneous abortion]. PMID- 3222947 TI - [A rare case of chronic cholelithiasis with jaundice]. PMID- 3222948 TI - [A case of malignant transformation of non-parasitic cyst of the liver]. PMID- 3222949 TI - [Syphilitic vestibulocochlear neuritis]. PMID- 3222951 TI - [Incidence of arrhythmia in healthy persons detected during 24-hour ECG monitoring by the Holter method]. PMID- 3222950 TI - [The role of prostaglandins E and F2 alpha in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3222952 TI - [Rapi Tex myoglobin in myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris]. PMID- 3222953 TI - [Preliminary report on the activities of the newly organized Cardiological Emergency Service in Warsaw]. PMID- 3222954 TI - [Evaluation of the toxic effect of antibiotics on the hematopoietic system]. PMID- 3222955 TI - [Evaluation of the nutritional status of patients after gastrectomy by the Billroth II method for peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3222956 TI - [Myocardial infarction in a 27-year-old woman]. PMID- 3222957 TI - [A rare case of gastric neuroma as a cause of hemorrhage from the upper segment of the digestive tract]. PMID- 3222958 TI - [A case of Gardner syndrome]. PMID- 3222959 TI - [Mechanical injury as an alleged causative factor of osteosarcoma in a case of civil law suit]. PMID- 3222960 TI - [Dermatomyositis with calcinosis]. PMID- 3222961 TI - [Conservative treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 3222962 TI - [Hyaluronidase--an effective substance in the treatment of malignant disease? 6th workshop of the Boltzmann Institute of Hematology and Leukemia Research. Vienna, 11-13 February 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3222963 TI - [Virus diseases of the nervous system in selected patients at a neurologic specialty unit during a 9-year period]. AB - During a 9-year period an unselected population of 377 patients with clinically suspected viral diseases of the nervous system were hospitalized. Due to the serological findings a definite viral etiology could be established in 123 (33%). With respect to clinical syndromes serological evidence of viral etiology was found in 74% of mono- respectively oligoneuritides, 43% of meningoencephalitides, whereas in polyneuritis only in 18%. Concerning different virus strains varicella zoster virus appears to be largely ahead (65 cases), then come the enterovirus and herpes simplex virus. Clinical features are presented, some exceptional features are discussed. As regards severity of clinical symptoms and course nearly all patients made a good recovery. Only 2 patients died due to complications of the viral infection. In some cases it seems worth noting the association of another virus to a well determined etiology, this occurring simultaneously. PMID- 3222964 TI - [Neuroborreliosis]. AB - The principles of certain clinical symptoms first described at the beginning of the century are rediscovered again: Erythema chronicum migrans after tick-bite followed by numerous neurological manifestations. Meningopolyneuritis Garin Bujadoux-Bannwarth is recognized to be a central nervous system-manifestation of Borrelian infection transmitted by tick-bites. In a period of 2 years we evaluated 15 patients with diagnosis neuroborreliosis. There is a good improvement after treatment with penicillin or ceftriaxone but there are also some cases with recidives and permanent lesions. We can also present a case report of a progressive borrelian encephalomyelitis. PMID- 3222966 TI - [Amnestic episodes]. AB - Amnesic episodes, by no means infrequent occurrences, are likely to trigger off anxiety in the patient and to evade adequate diagnostic interpretation. They consist of an isolated disturbance of short-term memory, manifesting itself as a permanent memory gap. The clinical features may vary from a conspicuous behaviour with stereotype repetition of questions to a completely inconspicuous picture with flawless execution of even highly differentiated behaviour patterns. The vegetative state may either be completely undisturbed or vary from mild impairment with nausea and vertigo to marked vegetative disorder. We are advocating a classification in 3 groups: a) "Genuine" amnesic states as symptoms of impaired blood flow in the basilar system in the absence of other etiological clues. b) "Symptomatic" amnesic episodes with tangible pathogenic factors, such as injury of the head and cervical spine, epilepsy, intoxication with various agents. The "genuine" amnesic states can also be regarded as transitory ischemic attacks of the basilar system. They show the following criteria: preponderance in females beyond middle age, duration of several hours, relatively high frequency of vascular risk factors and degenerative changes in the cervical spine, often triggered off by stress on the cervical spine, low tendency towards recurrence, general clinical benignity. In consequence, we stress the importance of etiological clarification before the onset of therapy. After the diagnosis of "genuine" amnesic state has been established, treatment has to be in accordance with the principles of basilar stroke therapy with subsequent vascular prophylaxis. Nevertheless, because of possible therapeutic or forensic consequences, the "symptomatic" states have to be kept in mind. PMID- 3222965 TI - [Consultation with the neurologist in transplantation medicine]. AB - The neurological committee in the transplantational team not only has got to determine the exact physical point of death but also has to integrate the whole environment especially in having precise talks with intensive care staff and relatives. This procedure requires knowledge in law as well as tact and a specific medical training in this sort of conversations. The 3 major issues for determining the point of death should remain together as they used to, i.e. clinic plus zero wave EEG plus angiography. This fact is stressed by 12% of patients being "problematic cases" within a number of 50 patients who have been seen by us and considered for transplantation. In those 12% there were discrepancies in the 3 major criterias. Therefore we are not confirmed with today's tendency in which mere angiography suffices as criteria of the point of death. The above all existing ethical principle which permits to take away organs only after the death of the brain may not be confused with an unfavourable prognosis. The inclining need of organs for transplantations should not be prevented through a time spending and exact determination of the point of death. Better and ubiquitous organisation of transplantational teams is required - although exact criterias got to be obeyed - in order not to lose precious organs, which can still happen in hospitals, whereas patients in need of transplantation painfully await them respectively still die without them. In this complexity the neurological cooperation in the transplantational committee is an activity which requires high skills, time and exactness but, despite all effort offers satisfying and meaningful work. PMID- 3222968 TI - [Epilepsy. Introduction]. PMID- 3222967 TI - [Legal aspects and experiences in implementing costs and expenses for medical care in alcoholism]. PMID- 3222969 TI - [Problems in the differential diagnosis of cerebral seizures]. PMID- 3222970 TI - [Chronic bronchitis: development stages, perspectives for prevention]. AB - Chronic bronchitis is problem number 1 in modern pulmology. There are four basic stages in its formation and development. The patients go to a doctor, as a rule, already in the third stage of the disease. Diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in the two earlier stages opens realistic perspectives for prophylaxis of the disease. PMID- 3222971 TI - [Biopsy of lung tissue in the diagnosis of disseminated transformations]. AB - The results of complex studies in 440 patients with disseminated processes are presented. In 135 of them the diagnosis was confirmed by clinical, roentgenologic and laboratory data and by biopsies of skin, muscles and subcutaneous lymph nodes. Transbronchial lung biopsy was performed in 218 patients. It gave positive results in 65% of the cases. Open biopsy of lung was performed in 134 cases. Hemodynamic and gas exchange studies during the operation indicated its insignificant traumatism. Complications (limited hemothorax, partial pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, wound suppuration) were noted in 10 (7.5%) cases in the postoperative period. Pulmonary tests performed three weeks after the operation did not reveal significant changes in the subjects, even those with considerable initial disorders. Open biopsy permitted to verify the diagnosis in 131 (98%) patients. In 52% of these cases the diagnosis did not correspond to the presumed one and considerably influenced the subsequent treatment. PMID- 3222972 TI - [Interstitial electrophoresis in acute pleural and lung suppuration]. AB - Different variants of interstitial electrophoresis elaborated in the hospital were used with the aim of raising the effectiveness of treatment of acute abscess of the lungs, of abscessing pneumonia and acute empyema of the chest. The principle of electroelimination of medicinal preparations from the vessels or directly from the suppurative cavity into the surrounding tissue is the basis of interstitial electrophoresis. As the result of experimental and clinical observations the following variants of interstitial electrophoresis are proposed: intrapulmonary, endobronchial, cavitary, intracavitary and combined. The use of the proposed method of treatment in acute pleuropulmonary suppuration permitted to achieve substantial raising of the effectiveness of the used complex therapy. The method of interstitial electrophoresis is recommended for wide use in practical pulmonary and thoracic surgery. PMID- 3222973 TI - [Bacteriological findings in bronchial secretions of children with chronic, nontuberculous lung diseases and their relationship to local transferrin values]. AB - In 142 bronchial secretions from 63 children with chronic nontuberculous lung diseases the content of transferrin was studied. In 68 samples (= 48%) transferrin has been found in concentrations between 0.1 and 13.9 mg/100 mg total protein. Fifty six of the secretions were analysed bacteriologically, microbes have been isolated in 37 of them (66%). Of the detected bacteria 5 species were considered as potentially pathogenic. The bacterial growth has been shown more frequently in secretions of patients with heavily inflamed bronchial mucosa. In bacterially contaminated secretions the occurrence of transferrin was reduced. PMID- 3222974 TI - [Indications and results of surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax]. AB - Between 1973 and 1985, 107 thoracotomies were performed in cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in 100 patients. Only in 3 patients we found a primary pneumothorax. In relation to the basic illness, the gravity of accompanying diseases and the frequency of relapses, we employed an graduated concept of treatment: Pleurocentesis, thoracodrainage, thoracotomy. The indication for primary operation was established in 10 patients and for sternotomy in 3 cases of simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax. There was a low frequency of relapses (1 patient) in comparison with conservative treatment. The frequency of complications in total was judged to be low. PMID- 3222975 TI - [Aluminum dust lungs]. AB - In general aluminium dust induced fibrosis of the lungs occurs very rarely. Based on an own observation of a clinical case the problem of clinical and pathological diagnosis is discussed. Aluminium was detected in the lung by histological, chemical and atomic absorption spectroscopy procedures. Anamnesis, epicrisis, clinical symptomatology and the result of autopsy permit to diagnose aluminium dust induced fibrosis of the lung, taking into consideration the detection of aluminium dust by chemical and atomic absorption spectroscopy methods. PMID- 3222977 TI - [Health for all by the year 2000--claims and responsibilities]. PMID- 3222976 TI - [Bronchospasmolytic tests with and without a nebulizer]. AB - Bronchospasmolytic tests with Terbutaline (Arubendol-Aerosol) were performed in 23 pts without or with an additional nebulizer. The use of a nebulizer in pts with a perfect handling of inhalers seems to be not better than the inhalation without nebulizer. The most reliable parameter of bronchospasmolytic effects is the airway resistance (Rt). PMID- 3222978 TI - [International trends and national responsibilities for an integrated school environment--considerations from public health aspects]. PMID- 3222979 TI - [Asbestos--a health problem and possibilities of its reduction in the school environment]. PMID- 3222980 TI - [The effect of room air temperature and humidity and differential ventilation on the mental performance of students]. PMID- 3222981 TI - [Procedures for assessing the necessary sound-proofing of windows in school buildings]. PMID- 3222982 TI - [Some aspects of natural and artificial lighting in schools]. PMID- 3222983 TI - [Lighting with artificial light in classrooms at general polytechnical high schools of the Hohenmolsen district]. PMID- 3222984 TI - [Microorganism and dust pollution in school gymnasiums]. PMID- 3222986 TI - [Health as the principle for developing the pedagogic process in the high school]. PMID- 3222985 TI - [Operational control of public health in schools--exemplified by the Berlin Marzahn city district]. PMID- 3222988 TI - [Physiologic principles of education and child rearing]. PMID- 3222987 TI - [The effect of environmental factors on health and development of school children]. PMID- 3222989 TI - [Physical development of children and adolescents in the city of Poznan (1950 1980)]. PMID- 3222990 TI - [Mental activity and performance of school-age children]. PMID- 3222991 TI - [The health behavior of students in grades 5 to l0]. PMID- 3222992 TI - [The health behavior of students in regard to a healthy life style]. PMID- 3222993 TI - [Factors influencing the health status of teachers]. PMID- 3222994 TI - [Assessing the stress tolerance of teachers by psychophysiologic laboratory studies]. PMID- 3222995 TI - [A practical guide for teachers in dealing with health requirements]. PMID- 3222997 TI - [Cooperation of medical students in health education--realization of a program of health and sex education for polytechnical schools by a student youth project]. PMID- 3222998 TI - [Attitude of 12-year-old students to alcohol drinking]. PMID- 3222996 TI - [Sex education in high schools]. PMID- 3222999 TI - [Lead pollution and its effect on students]. PMID- 3223000 TI - [Autonomic dysregulation in school children--possible effects of physical therapy]. PMID- 3223001 TI - [Health requirements of student and child nutrition]. PMID- 3223002 TI - [Health aspects of student and child nutrition]. PMID- 3223003 TI - [AIDS information]. PMID- 3223004 TI - [Reduced suppression of gastric acid by ranitidine in severe reflux esophagitis. A pilot study]. AB - Repeated intragastric long-term pH recordings for 24 h were conducted in 13 patients with reflux oesophagitis grade III and IV (Savary and Miller) during treatment with ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. and 300 mg b.i.d. and omeprazole 40 mg mane (n = 5). Ranitidine led to a significantly less pronounced increase in median gastric pH in oesophagitis than in healthy controls. The magnitude of intragastric pH increase showed parallelism to symptomatic response and healing. Omeprazole increased intragastric pH above 4 for 24 h and caused rapid healing in non-responders. It is concluded that in patients with severe reflux oesophagitis ranitidine is less effective in increasing intragastric pH than in controls, whereas omeprazole reveals potent antisecretory activity accompanied by rapid healing. PMID- 3223005 TI - [Kaposi sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract in AIDS. Morphologic findings and differential diagnostic aspects]. AB - At autopsies of 20 patients with AIDS, 7 cases with gastrointestinal involvement by Kaposi's sarcoma were observed. The lesions were found in nearly all parts of the digestive canal; although we observed a certain accumulation in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Macroscopically the spectrum of appearances extended from red macules in the mucosal plane to plaquelike indurations of the wall and polypoid, hemorrhagic mucosal nodules. A certain, stage-dependent correlation between the macroscopic presentation and the histologic findings was found. In consideration of differential diagnostic aspects the morphologic findings in different tumor-stages are presented. PMID- 3223006 TI - [Treatment of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic hepatitis with recombinant alpha-A-interferon. Results of a phase II study]. AB - The HBsAg carrier state may present as chronic active hepatitis which may proceed to cirrhosis of the liver and to primary liver cell carcinoma. The large scale production of interferons made these substances available for long-term treatment. A deficiency in interferon production in chronic type B hepatitis presented the rational to treat this disease with interferon alpha-A. In this phase II-trial 3/31 patients eliminated HBsAg and 14/31 HBeAg. This was followed by normalisation of liver function tests and probably an improved prognosis. Efficiency of treatment was dependent on the interferon dose, the level of viral replication, the level of liver enzymes before treatment and concurrent infections (e. g. HIV infection). Reactivation occurred in five patients suggesting that the treatment period was too short in some individuals. Future studies will potentially improve efficiency by the modification of the interferon schedule and a better understanding of the mode of action of interferon. PMID- 3223007 TI - [Biological testing of biomaterials in the framework of permitted procedures. 2]. AB - Submitted is the revised version of a proposal for a guideline for biological testing of materials (biomaterials) which remain temporarily or permanently, resp., at or in the human body or have contact with drugs or body fluids outside the human body. PMID- 3223008 TI - [Experimental animal studies on the significance of endogenous prostaglandins in maintaining the integrity of the stomach mucosa after truncal vagotomy]. AB - The changes of the transmucosal potential difference, the ionic flow, and the prostaglandin content were investigated after pylorus ligation, truncus vagotomy, and pylorus ligation with truncus vagotomy in Shay rats. A damage of the mucosa appeared already 10 hours after the pylorus ligation. This was presented in a clear decrease of the transmucosal potential difference and a change of the ionic flow. These damages could be prevented by simultaneous truncus vagotomy. A decrease of the PGF2 alpha content in the gastric antrum and rumen as well as an increase of the TXB2 in the gastric rumen were observed after additional pylorus ligation. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and the TXB2 content in the gastric antrum and rumen increased after truncus vagotomy. TXB2 in the rumen, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the rumen and antrum, as well as PGF2 alpha in the antrum ascended after pylorus ligation with simultaneous truncus vagotomy. The truncus vagotomy shows additionally a protective effect for the mucosa and influenced synergistically the content in prostaglandin after these results besides the notorious importance for the secretion of H+ion and bicarbonate. PMID- 3223009 TI - [Three dimensional growth of the extrahepatic bile ducts--surgical inferences]. AB - Allometric growth of length and increasing of lumen area of the extrahepatic bile ducts were examined morphometrically in 50 human cases at the age of 28 gestational weeks up to 19 years. We calculated the flow resistance in relation to body weight with the help of the principle of Hagen-Poisoille. Principle ways to better bile flow in cases of non-correctable biliary atresia or bile duct hypoplasia are derived. PMID- 3223010 TI - [A model for microsurgical interference of the rat cranium]. AB - A trepanation model in the rat cranium is represented starting from the permanent enlargement of the microneurosurgical interventions with the necessity of trepanation below the microscope, the suture of the dura mater in regions with difficult access, and the dressing of cerebral tissue defects. A possibility for the microsurgical training is given for the trepanation and the dressing of dural and cerebral defects. Surgical materials and/or drugs for local application can be tested for using them in the neurosurgery too. PMID- 3223011 TI - [Laminectomy in the dog for experimental purposes--a technical comment]. AB - The reach of the lumbar vertebral column in the dog should be preferred in operations on the spinal marrow after own experiments. A better survey during the operation and a smaller risk of contusion of the spinal marrow by surgical instruments passed through there by reason a wider spinal canal a more voluminous spinal marrow. This method is more expensive, however more advantageous than a laminectomy in the reach of the thoracic spine because there exist some differences in the form of the bodies of the vertebra in humans and dogs. PMID- 3223012 TI - [The behavior of trace elements in bronchial carcinoma]. AB - The analysis of the elements iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium in the serum allows no assertion on diagnosis and course of the adeno- and squamous cell carcinoma in the lung to the present date. PMID- 3223013 TI - [Mercury absorption during the use of Grob crusting in the treatment of burns--an experimental animal study]. AB - The absorption of mercury was investigated after three phase crusting by Grob on a second-degree scald burn of 10 to 15% of the body surface in rats. Mercury was provable histologically in kidney and liver already after 3 days. A clear cumulation was shown especially in kidney and liver in the further course. The abundant renal tubuli cytoclasis are to be seen in connection with mercury absorption and storage. Further depositions were provable in the subcutaneous fibroblasts of the thermically damaged skin as well as in the spleen and rarely in the brain. The investigations demonstrate that there occurs a mercury absorption. Against the employment of the formation of crust by Grob must be warned specially in burns of large planes. PMID- 3223014 TI - [Proceedings of the 54th annual meeting of the German Society of Heart and Circulatory Research. 8-10 April 1988, Mannheim. Angina pectoris--phenomenology, significance, treatment. Peripheral mechanisms of manifestations and compensation in heart failure. Hemodynamic consequences of heart rhythm disorders and anti arrhythmic therapy]. PMID- 3223016 TI - [Laboratory parameters and cardiovascular diseases: univariate analysis of correlations of findings]. PMID- 3223015 TI - Coronary heart disease without angina pectoris: silent ischemia. AB - Myocardial ischemia without symptoms (= silent ischemia = Sl) has become a well known clinical entity in subjects with heart disease and in apparently healthy subjects. Detection of Sl is easiest and least expensively done with exercise ECG testing (X-ECG). Data on the significance of Sl in the present report is derived from long-term follow-up of 2014 men aged 40-59 yrs, studied 1972-75, restudied in 1979-81 and 1986-88. The sources of information are: 1) 50 men with Sl detected with X-ECG/coronary angiography in 1972-75; 2) subjects with positive X ECG in 1979-81 (but not in 1972-75); 3) preliminary data from the last follow-up study; and 4) complete data on cardiovascular mortality by Aug. 1987. The survey data indicate: a) Sl detected with X-ECG, confirmed with angiography is an indicator of later severe CHD-complications over 12-15 yrs; b) positive X-ECGs (not validated invasively) increase the risk of future CHD events and death from CHD 2-4 fold compared with subjects with normal X-ECG of similar age; c) limited isotope studies from the 1986-88 study indicate a very high specificity of a positive X-ECG in CHD, and d) cardiovascular mortality is very accurately predicted by factors known to be associated with the development of CHD. In accordance with the world literature, Sl is frequently observed in apparently healthy middle-aged and old men, and increases the risk of future CHD considerably when encountered. PMID- 3223017 TI - [Determination of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity of the urine using colorimetric and fluorimetric assay]. PMID- 3223018 TI - [Direct determination of cholinesterase activity of the serum using a modified (for calibration) GKM 02 Glukometer]. PMID- 3223019 TI - [Determination of glucose by flow injection analysis]. PMID- 3223020 TI - [Age dependence of apolipoprotein E levels of the serum]. PMID- 3223022 TI - [Programmed analysis for the determination of mercury in biological materials after flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry]. PMID- 3223024 TI - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry: present and future. PMID- 3223021 TI - [Possibilities of assessment of the Glucosignal in patient self-monitoring. 2. The glucose Reco GFM mini-photometer]. PMID- 3223023 TI - [Experiences with ultrafiltration membranes made from cellulose acetate]. PMID- 3223025 TI - [The cooperation of East Germany in the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) and several problems of the future]. PMID- 3223026 TI - [Indirect detection of lymphokines with the help of SDS-conditioned macrophages]. PMID- 3223027 TI - [Methods for obtaining the endothelial cell layer of large vessels for structural amd biochemical studies: two improved methods]. PMID- 3223028 TI - [The troublesome influences on enzymatic-amperometric glucose determination and amperometric uric acid determination]. PMID- 3223029 TI - [A normalizing data transformation and its use in linear discriminant analysis]. PMID- 3223030 TI - [Modification of the energy status of the liver in experimental hemorrhagic shock by intravenous enkephalin administration]. PMID- 3223031 TI - [Determination of the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) as a manual endpoint-UV method]. PMID- 3223032 TI - [Preparation of the purest water for laboratory purposes from reverse osmosis plants]. PMID- 3223033 TI - Novel glucoalkaloids from Rauwolfia cell cultures--acetylrauglucine and related glucosides. AB - From cell suspension cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina grown in an optimized production medium for the glucoalkaloid raucaffricine, a novel glucoalkaloid was isolated and identified as 17-O-acetyl-21-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-ajmaline (acetylrauglucine). This alkaloid is formed in very small amounts (less than 5 x 10(-4)%). The biogenetically related N alpha-demethylated base (acetyl-nor rauglucine) and the deacetyl product rauglucine have also been detected in culture extracts. In addition 21(R)-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-hydroxy-sarpagan-17 al has been isolated and identified as an artifact which originates from raucaffricine. PMID- 3223034 TI - The formation of phosphate end groups in the radiolysis of polynucleotides in aqueous solution. AB - The polynucleotides poly(U), poly(C), poly(A) and poly(G) have been gamma irradiated in N2O- and N2O/O2 (4:1)-saturated aqueous solutions. Hydroxyl radicals from the radiolysis of water react with the polynucleotides thereby producing among other lesions strand breaks. Strand breakage is connected with the formation of phosphomonoester end groups. Such end groups have been determined by measuring inorganic phosphate after a three hour incubation at 37 degrees C with acid or alkaline phosphatase. In the absence of oxygen G(phosphomonoester end groups) (in units of mumol J-1) are 0.47 (poly(U)), 0.17 (poly(C)) and less than or equal to 0.04 (poly(A) and poly(G)). In the case of poly(U) and poly(C) on heating the sample for one hour at 95 degrees C prior to incubation with phosphatases the above values increased by 0.14 and 0.07 mumol J 1, resp., whereas such treatment of the purine polynucleotides still did not produce a measurable yield of phosphomonoester end groups. Comparing these values with G values for strand breakage taken from the literature, about two phosphomonoester end groups are formed per strand break in poly(U) while for poly(C) this ratio is about unity. The purine polynucleotides show very low yields of strand breakage in agreement with the negligible phosphomonoester yields. In the presence of oxygen G(phosphomonoester end groups) are 0.46 (poly(U)), 0.21 (poly(C)), and less than or equal to 0.04 (poly(A) and poly(G)). On heating, these values increase, most markedly for poly(U) and poly(C). This is possibly linked to the decomposition of unstable hydroperoxides which are formed in high yields in poly(U) and poly(C) (G = 0.7 and 0.19 mumol J-1, resp.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223035 TI - [Heart wall stability in health and mechanisms of its maintenance in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3223036 TI - [Principles of enzyme diagnosis of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3223037 TI - [Changes in diastole in patients with isolated stenosis of the pulmonary artery after correction of the defect]. PMID- 3223038 TI - [Strategy of health protection of the population under conditions of perestroika (results of the XIXth All-Union Conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]. PMID- 3223039 TI - [Immunologic and morphologic aspects of the pathogenesis of byssinosis]. PMID- 3223040 TI - [Intranasal administration of regulatory peptides]. PMID- 3223041 TI - [Effect of chemical modification of sulfur-containing amino acid residues on high and low-affinity binding of 3H-imipramine]. PMID- 3223042 TI - [Deviant behavior in adolescence and youth and early alcoholism]. PMID- 3223043 TI - [Pathogenetic aspects of experimental amyotrophic leukospongiosis]. PMID- 3223045 TI - [Correlation adaptometry as a method of screening of the population]. PMID- 3223044 TI - [Chemical prevention of radiation injury in monkeys under conditions of prolonged irradiation]. PMID- 3223047 TI - [Combined effect on the health of children of dental caries and environmental factors]. PMID- 3223046 TI - [Comparative characteristics of blood lipids, arterial pressure and physical development of children in various climatogeographic zones of the USSR]. PMID- 3223049 TI - [Circadian rhythm of the electrolytes and corticosteroid hormones in the blood and urine of patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 3223048 TI - [Besnier-Tennesson lupus pernio]. PMID- 3223050 TI - [The spectrum of the causative agents in nongonococcal urethritis]. PMID- 3223051 TI - [Use of splenin for the purpose of immunocorrection in patients with seroresistance following syphilis treatment]. PMID- 3223052 TI - [Approaches to the prenatal diagnosis of genetic dermatoses]. PMID- 3223053 TI - [Benign lymphoreticulosis (cat-scratch disease)]. PMID- 3223054 TI - [A case of chromomycosis in the Don Basin]. PMID- 3223056 TI - [Comparative results in treating gonorrhea with vibramycin, benemycin and sodium fucidin]. PMID- 3223055 TI - [A case of chronic generalized granulomatous candidiasis]. PMID- 3223057 TI - [Profuse urethrorrhagia as a complication of gonorrheal cavernitis]. PMID- 3223058 TI - [Phagedenic hard chancre]. PMID- 3223059 TI - [Venereal diseases in women who abuse narcotic substances]. PMID- 3223060 TI - [Clinico-immunologic evaluation of thymotropin efficacy in dermatosis patients]. PMID- 3223061 TI - Hog cholera virus: identification and characterization of the viral RNA and the virus-specific RNA synthesized in infected swine kidney cells. AB - Virus-specific RNA in swine kidney cells infected with hog cholera virus and the RNA of gradient-purified virions were identified and characterized. The time curve for virus replication in SK-6 cells was established. The logarithmic phase of virus growth was between 4 and 12 h after virus adsorption. Virus production was maximum at 20 h after virus adsorption. Analysis of cytoplasmic RNA in a neutral agarose gel showed that the time curve for synthesis of a high molecular weight RNA in infected cells closely paralleled that for virus growth. Electrophoresis in an agarose-formaldehyde gel of [3H]uridine-labeled RNA, synthesized with actinomycin-D, showed that this high molecular weight RNA species was approximately 12 kilobases (kb) in length. RNA, extracted from virions purified in a glycerol-tartrate gradient, co-migrated in a neutral agarose gel with the 12 kb RNA species; moreover, it hybridized specifically with a cDNA clone prepared against the intracellular 12 kb RNA. These results confirm the virus-specific nature of the 12 kb RNA. Since no prominent subgenomic virus specific RNA was identified in infected cells, an RNA species of this size may also act as a messenger RNA. PMID- 3223062 TI - Herpes simplex virus replication in the presence of DNA polymerase alpha inhibitors. AB - 2-(p-n-butylanilino)deoxyadenosine (BuAdA), and N-2-(p-n butylphenyl)deoxyguanosine (BuPdG), selective inhibitors of mammalian DNA polymerase alpha, were added to BHK-21(C13) cell cultures infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain 17 syn +. Infectious virus production decreased significantly in the presence of the inhibitor at concentrations varying from 1 nM to 100 microM. BuPdG was more effective than BuAdA at all concentrations tested, while it inhibited virus yield as much as BuAdA when CVG2, a thymidine kinase deficient (TK-) HSV-1, was employed. HSV DNA synthesis, determined by quantitation of CsCl separated DNA peaks, was inhibited by each compound. BuPdG inhibited viral DNA replication more than BuAdA, while the effect on cell DNA synthesis was the same as that of BuAdA. CVG2 DNA replication was inhibited to the same level by BuAdA as by BuPdG. These results indicate that HSV DNA replication is partially dependent on cell DNA polymerase alpha activity, and that the greater effect of BuPdG on viral replication may be ascribed to its action on HSV thymidine kinase. PMID- 3223063 TI - Expression of snowshoe hare bunyavirus S RNA coding proteins by recombinant baculoviruses. AB - Recombinant baculoviruses have been constructed that express the two snowshoe hare (SSH) bunyavirus proteins coded in overlapping reading frames of the SSH S viral-complementary RNA species (namely the nucleoprotein, N, and the nonstructural protein, NSS). The 26.5 kDa N protein, which is read from the first AUG of the mRNA containing the SSH S sequence, was expressed at a high level (estimated to be ca 40% of the stained cellular proteins in recombinant baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda cells). This level of expression was much higher than that of the 10.5 kDa NSS protein made at the same time (estimated to be less than 1% of the stained proteins), presumably due in part to lower levels of translation initiation from the second AUG (19 nucleotides downstream). Bal31 nuclease digestion was used to delete the first ATG of the SSH DNA sequence in the baculovirus transfer vector and BamHI was used to remove downstream N coding sequences. A second recombinant baculovirus was constructed from the products that only expressed the SSH NSS protein. The yield of NSS protein was estimated to be of the order of ca 2% of the stained cellular proteins. A third recombinant transfer vector made from the products of the Bal31 digestion, fortuitously possessed a new ATG 8-10 nucleotides upstream of the NSS ATG. A recombinant virus derived from this vector synthesized essentially similar quantities (ca 2% each) of both the NSS protein and a 16.7 kDa N-related product. PMID- 3223064 TI - Integration of foreign DNA into mammalian genome can be associated with hypomethylation at site of insertion. AB - The methylation patterns in the genome of mammalian cells are remarkably stable, although occasional changes are observed. In mammalian cells, the non-methylated DNA of human adenovirions (Gunthert et al., 1976) undergoes de novo methylation after integration into the host hamster genome (Sutter et al., 1978). The establishment of these specific patterns of methylation in the integrated adenovirus sequences (Sutter and Doerfler, 1979, 1980) requires a considerable number of cell divisions after integration (Kuhlmann and Doerfler, 1982, 1983). Recently, we have reported the analysis of the site of linkage between the left terminus of adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) DNA and unique hamster DNA in the Ad12 induced tumor T1111(2) (Lichtenberg et al., 1987). In what way, if any, are the methylation patterns of the adjacent cellular DNA affected by the insertion of unmethylated foreign (adenoviral) DNA? In normal hamster kidney and spleen DNA and in several Ad12-transformed hamster cell lines, this preinsertion sequence is completely methylated at the 5'-CCGG-3' (HpaII) and 5'-GCGC-3' (HhaI) sequences. The same preinsertion sequences in the DNA of cell line BHK21 and on the non occupied chromosome in the tumor cell line H1111(2) in passage 9 (p9) are almost completely methylated. In contrast, the same sequence on the chromosome, that carries the integrated Ad12 DNA sequence in the tumor T1111(2), is unmethylated at the 5'-CCGG-3' and 5'-GCGC-3' sequences, as are the abutting Ad12 DNA sequences. Thus, the insertion of unmethylated foreign DNA can lead to the hypomethylation of the flanking cellular DNA in the target sequences. PMID- 3223065 TI - [Amplitude-temporal parameters of the evoked potentials of the visual and motor areas in the visual perception and mental representation of an image]. AB - Amplitude-temporal analysis was carried out of the EP components of the visual and motor areas elicited by neutral (diffuse light) and structural (checker board pattern) stimuli in different situations, defined by instruction. Interserial comparisons showed that at any instruction, the latency of the first EP component of the motor areas is reduced; as a result it can appear here simultaneously with the EP of the visual areas. At the instruction involving the subject in the process of active change of perception, activation of the right hemisphere, including the motor area, is manifest by EP parameters, while the right occipital area is activated in response to the structural stimulus, and the left one--in response to the neutral stimulus. At complication of the stimulus or instruction, the period is prolonged when the latency of EP components of the motor area is shorter than the latency of the isopolar components of the visual area--from 120 to 150 ms in response to the neutral stimuli and the neutral with their counting; from 90 to 150 ms in response to the structural stimuli; from 80 to 210 ms in response to the neutral stimuli with mental representation of the structural one. PMID- 3223066 TI - [Comparison of dynamic cortical electroencephalotopograms of the human left and right cerebral hemispheres in quiet wakefulness]. AB - The differences of spatial-temporal organization of potentials in the left and right hemispheres were studied in healthy subjects at calm alertness by means of comparison of successive electroencephalotopograms (EETGs). In all subjects episodes were found of discordance resemblance coefficient of successive EETGs of the left and right hemispheres--one of the main characteristics of potentials spatial-temporal organization. The episodes of such discordance took as a whole 5 -57% of observation time; the duration of each episode could vary from the sampling interval (1/128 s) to the period of resemblance coefficient oscillations. PMID- 3223067 TI - [Conditioned reflex and electrical activities of the hippocampus during the random use of heterogeneous triggering stimuli]. AB - In dogs with electrodes chronically implanted in the hippocampus, the conditioned activity, heart rate frequency and spectral characteristics of the hippocampal theta-rhythm were studied in conditions of irregular presentation after a preparatory stimulus now of alimentary and now of defensive triggering conditioned stimuli. It is shown that uncertainty of alimentary or defensive reinforcement is a stronger emotiogenic factor than the action of the triggering defensive conditioned stimulus. Changes in electrical hippocampal activity and autonomous activity depend, along with other factors, on forecasted volume of the forthcoming motor activity. The speed of instrumental conditioned reflexes formation correlates with the hippocampal theta-rhythm frequency, typical for the given animal. PMID- 3223068 TI - [Effect of strychnine on the neuronal reactivity of the sensorimotor cortex and the temporary connection in rabbits]. AB - On awake nonimmobilized rabbits, evoked activity was studied of the sensorimotor cortex neurons in response to stimulation of the pyramidal tract, medial lemniscus and reticular nucleus of the midbrain tegmentum by stimuli of different frequencies, and driving reaction of cortical neurons to stimulation of these brain structures by series of stimuli of increasing frequency. Conditioned reflexes were also studied, established on the basis of combination of direct stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex and electrocutaneous stimulation. Application of the cortex of low concentration of strychnine solutions (less than 1%) heightened neurons reactivity and provides for the formation of temporary connection. Application of strychnine solutions of higher concentration (greater than 1%) led to opposite effects. Interconnection of electrical and behavioural effects is discussed. PMID- 3223069 TI - [Factor analysis of rat behavior in the open-field test]. AB - Method of major components, a variety of factor analysis, was used for evaluation of rats behaviour motivational structure in the open field test. 40 outbred rats of Wistar line (20 males and females) were examined in which 22 behaviour characteristics were studied. It was shown that a greater part (60%) of rats individual behaviour variability in the open field test was determined by the action of three major components (factors), which were defined as "investigation", "fear" and "shifted activity". Factor structure was studied of main characteristics of behaviour, recorded in the open field test. The use of factor analysis allowed to carry out animals classification on the basis of their disposition in coordinates of the obtained major components. PMID- 3223070 TI - [Effect of ablation of the septum pellucidum on the marking of time intervals]. AB - It is shown that preliminary ablation of the septum lucidum (the rat group II) leads to a considerable (up to 1000 presentations) and prolonged (up to one year) worsening of the elaboration of time intervals estimation, as compared to intact animals and does not significantly influence the conditioned reflexes to time stabilized before the operation (the rat group I). The great worsening of time intervals estimation is due to disturbance of the very mechanism of the reflex to time. Differences are discussed between the two groups of the operated rats. The septum ablation does not affect the state of conditioned reflexes to present stimuli. In the greater part of the postoperative rats a lowering of alimentary motivation is observed that may be secondarily accompanied by a disturbance of time intervals estimation. PMID- 3223071 TI - [The preference for one limb in rats--the result of learning in an experiment or an individual characteristic?]. AB - The problem was studied whether an initial preference of one limb exists in rats connected with interhemispheric asymmetry or it appears during the procedure of testing (the first successful movement of one limb becomes consolidated). The work consisted in obtaining experimental retrograde amnesia after preliminary determination of the preferred limb and in the following testing of the preference after a definite time interval. In this case the trace of preceding learning must not influence the following choice of the limb. It is shown that the preference in rats is not a result of accidental learning in the experiment but initially exists before testing procedure. Retaining of memory trace for a long time (2-4 weeks) is also shown even after a very short learning (one-three successful movements). PMID- 3223072 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the parameters of an aggressive reaction in 2 mouse genotypes]. AB - The parameters have been studied of the aggressive reaction of male mice of CBA/Lac and C57BL/6J lines differing by olfactory sensitivity to zoosocial pheromone stimuli. It has been shown that CBA males, characterized by a high olfactory sensitivity, have lower latency of the first attack than C57BL males with low olfactory sensitivity. A prolonged distant exposition to an unknown litter and male appearance lowers the latency of the first attack in mice of the studied lines proportionally to their meanings demonstrated after short time exposition. The number of attacks and total time of attacking is considerably higher in C57BL mice during the whole test period (15 min) than in CBA mice in which aggressivity is already sharply lowered after 5 min of agonistic interactions. The factors are discussed, influencing the parameters of mice aggressive reaction. PMID- 3223073 TI - [Accuracy of the spatial localization of the sources of brain bioelectrical activity in a model homogeneous unrestricted environment]. AB - The possibility is considered of use of the model of homogeneous unlimited medium (HUM) for localization of sources of brain bioelectrical activity at recording of electric potentials on its surface. It is shown that when the recording electrodes are arranged in accordance with 10-20 system, the source localization error does not exceed 10% of the head radius practically in any position of the source. A significant dependence is revealed of the source localization error on the concrete electrodes system used in experiment. It demands careful treatment of the available general recommendations on correction of the position of the source found by HUM model without consideration of the concrete arrangement of recording electrodes. PMID- 3223074 TI - [Changes in the functional parameters of the brain structures under the influence of enkephalin-like tetrapeptidamide]. AB - In complex neurophysiological and cytobiochemical study single injections of tetrapeptide amide (TPA) caused a short-term analgetic effect which manifested itself in the absence of motor reactions and EEG changes of cortical and subcortical brain structures after painful stimulation of extremities. This effect was accompanied by changes of some indices of transmitter (monoamine oxidase) and protein metabolism in the cerebral hemispheres at cellular and subcellular levels. In 30-40 min after a TPA injection, EEG suppression and absence of EPs to light flashes were observed in cortical and subcortical structures. Simultaneously motor disorders developed. The observed EEG changes had an undulatory character: on the second day EEGs were restored and on the third day--suppressed once again. This period of TPA action was accompanied by varied changes of the investigated types of metabolism. The question of the necessity of systemic approach to the study of TPA action is discussed, as such an approach allows to reveal complex neurophysiological and fine biochemical relations in the reactions of brain structures and in animal behaviour. PMID- 3223075 TI - [Functional regulation of the neuronal activity of the rat hippocampus transplanted into the rabbit septum]. AB - Embryonal tissue of the rat hippocampus was grafted into dorsolateral septum of the rabbit after its disconnection from the hippocampus. Extracellular investigation of the grafted neurones was performed in chronic conditions 6 to 7 weeks later. The grafted neurones had some characteristics typical of the rat hippocampus (low spontaneous activity and presence of complex spikes, low frequency rhythmic modulation--below 1 Hz, significant increase of activity level after physostigmine injection). Weak periodic theta-modulation, observed in spontaneous activity of some grafted neurones, became more stable and appeared in additional units after injection of physostigmine, under the influence of electrical stimulation of the septum and reticular formation and in response to sensory stimulation of the host animal. Its frequency was 4.5-6.0 Hz, as in the host septum. Microelectrode investigation for 5-10 days provoked lymphocyte infiltration of the grafts, which was not observed in the grafts not subjected to such treatment. PMID- 3223076 TI - [Behavioral, morphologic and biochemical correlates of the early effect of a neural transplant into the damaged brain of adult rats]. AB - Complex study was carried out of the behavioural, morphological and neurobiochemical parameters of the effect of an embryonal neural transplant of the amygdala in the first weeks after its introduction into the area of the left amygdala of adult rats-recipients. The neural transplant promoted normalization of animals food search, disturbed by operative interference. The amygdalar embryonal tissue lowered the proliferative glia reaction, produced by the brain lesion, and intensified the nervous tissue regeneration. The neural transplant intensified generalized adaptive neurobiochemical processes in the lesioned brain. PMID- 3223077 TI - [The lateralization of hemispheric control over pain-induced vocalizations in rats]. AB - Study was carried out on 232 white rats, male and female, fixed in a hammock and subjected to painful stimulation of the tail. The first impulse of pain vocalization was analyzed. The rats were divided into three groups--with intact brain, with inactivated left or right hemisphere. The first impulses of rats pain vocalizations may be divided into short screams with 40-140 ms duration and long squeals of 140-420 ms duration. Unilateral cortex inactivation led to a reduction of the latency, increase of the peak amplitude and change of the per cent both of the pain screams and pain squeals. After elimination of the left hemisphere as compared with that of the right one, a shorter latency and a greater per cent of the pain screams was observed and a smaller per cent of pain squeals. The obtained data testify to the dominance of the left hemisphere in the control of pain vocalizations in rats. PMID- 3223079 TI - [Effect of neurotizing exposures on conditioned reflex activity in the late postresuscitation period in rats]. AB - In white rats resuscitated after 10-minutes stop of the blood circulation, conditioned switching over was elaborated on the basis of alimentary and defensive instrumental reflexes and the effect was studied of neurotizing influences. Single application of electrocutaneous pain stimulus in alimentary situation ("collision") led to more expressed disturbances of conditioned activity in resuscitated rats than in intact ones. Differentiation of a signal different from the positive conditioned stimulus only by the height of the tone, was practically not elaborated in resuscitated rats, and the disturbance of the conditioned alimentary reflex to the reinforced signal appearing during differentiation elaboration, was manifest in them to a greater degree. The obtained data testify that even a short-time brain ischemia, accompanied by a fast and full restoration of the neurological status, leads to functional defects of the CNS appearing at subsequent neurotic influences. PMID- 3223078 TI - [Participation of the fear reaction in limiting the period of primary socialization in silver foxes]. AB - Administration of chloditan, an inhibitor of adrenal cortex function, at the terminal stage of the sensitive period of socialization of foxes reduced the cortisol concentration in blood as compared with control and intact animals aged 45 and 60 days. Simultaneously, the weakening of fear reaction and an enhancement of exploratory and motor activities in an unknown surrounding were observed. However, administration of chloditan did not affect the duration of the sensitive period of socialization, since the aggressive defensive reactions changed neither at the age of 45 and 60 days, nor at the age of 7 months. PMID- 3223080 TI - [The adenylic system in the brain structures of rats with experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - In rats experimental myocardial infarction, whether it was reproduced after a preliminary stress or in its absence, a reduction was found of ATP content initially appearing in the neocortex at the second day of the experiment. The deficit of providing of the energy in brain structures in a traditional variant of infarction reproduction increased still greater, and in the case of preliminary stressing the ATP content was reduced. Parallelly a characteristic change took place in the concentration of products of the fermentative ATP hydrolysis in the brain structures. PMID- 3223081 TI - [Long-term post-tetanic changes in the impulse reactions of the visual cortex neurons in the cat]. PMID- 3223082 TI - [Restoration of higher nervous activity in rats after various types of general anesthesia]. PMID- 3223083 TI - [Possible acquisition of positive and inhibitory conditioned reflexes to an alternating magnetic field in rats]. PMID- 3223085 TI - [Optimization of the parameters of a reinforcing current in the acquisition of motor-defensive conditioned reflexes in rats]. PMID- 3223084 TI - [Protein-synthesis blockaders do not influence various types of aggressivity in mice and rats]. PMID- 3223087 TI - Suitability of Dukat strawberries for studying effects on shelf life of irradiation combined with cold storage. AB - A new Dukat variety of strawberries was used to study the effect of irradiation combined with cold storage on their shelf life and chemical composition. Strawberries, with or without stems, were irradiated with a dose of 2.5 or 3.0 kGy within 6-10 or 20-24 h after harvesting. Results of the sensory evaluation showed that the minimum storage time for the fruits could be extended by a minimum of 9 days. If the time between harvest and irradiation was shorter, better results for storage experiments were obtained. Fruits with stems were more suitable for cold storage after irradiation than those without stems. Irradiation of strawberries did not change the titratable acidity and content of the reducing sugars. Colour intensity and ascorbic acid levels decreased in proportion to the absorbed dose and storage time. PMID- 3223086 TI - [Methods and devices for assessing the anti-aversive effects of psychotropic agents in experimentally modelled anxiety states]. PMID- 3223088 TI - [Determination of biogenic amines by RP-HPLC for monitoring the microbial spoilage of poultry]. AB - A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis is described for the determination of biogenic amines in broiler carcasses. The clean-up procedure consists of an extraction with 0.6 M-perchloric acid, formation of dansyl derivatives, separation by a RP-18 column and UV detection at 254 nm. Within 7 min eight amines could be separated. The quantitative determination of spermidine and spermine requires an additional ion-exchange clean-up with Amberlite CG 50 after the extraction. This procedure gives recoveries of 82%-96% with detection limits of 0.2-0.5 microgram/g of broiler skin. Putrescine and cadaverine are good indicators for the onset of spoilage of poultry carcasses, since both amines could be detected at total colony counts of 10(5) cfu/cm2 and their concentration increases rapidly with advancing decomposition. PMID- 3223089 TI - [Effect of o-phosphate on the myoglobin spectrum]. AB - o-Phosphate causes myoglobin solutions to change colour from brown to reddish brown. The spectrum of myoglobin in the presence of o-phosphate is characterized by two peaks, one at 540 nm and the other at 575 nm and also by a shift in the Soret band at 409 nm to 420 nm. PMID- 3223090 TI - [A new HPLC procedure for cyclamate in food with pre-chromatographic derivatization]. AB - A high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure for the detection of cyclamate in liquid and solid samples is presented, which depends on oxidation and the reaction of cyclohexylamine with o-phthaldialdehyde to form a condensation product. The results of the HPLC analysis, using an RP-C 18 separation system with UV detection at 242 nm are reported. Contents, from 2 to 400 mg/l, can be detected in less than 2 h (HPLC analysis within 20 min) with relative standard deviations of 4%. Only for cucumber infusions were incomplete recoveries of 68% obtained. PMID- 3223091 TI - [Residues of active substances after consumption of contaminated food: status report on the evaluation of residues with examples of two drugs]. AB - Pharmacokinetic models are presented for the computation of time courses of blood levels of drugs in man following the consumption of contaminated food. Mathematically, two linear systems of differential equations are set up for the donor organism (e.g., trout) and for the recipient, (e.g., man), where the first system generates the initial conditions for the second. Models of this kind are applied to the transfer of chloramphenicol to man via carp and trout (which had previously been administered this drug) and to the transfer of theophylline to infants via breast milk. Limiting concentration profiles are computed by constructing the most favourable and most adverse combinations of parameters with respect to drug elimination in both the donor and recipient organism. PMID- 3223092 TI - Determination of fumigants in cereals and cereal products by capillary gas chromatography. AB - This study describes two methods for the quantitative determination of the residual fumigants ethylene dichloride (EDC), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), trichloroethylene (TCE), ethylene dibromide (EDB) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in cereals (especially wheat) and other foodstuffs. In the first method, a micro steam distillation- solvent extraction apparatus is used, while the second method is based on a headspace technique. For the quantitative determination of carbon tetrachloride in cereals, the multiple headspace technique is not retained because it is too time-consuming. The analysis of the different fumigants is performed by electron-capture gas chromatography, using a fused silica capillary column, CP sil 8 CB. With the steam distillation-solvent extraction method, recoveries from 95.9% to 100.5% are obtained for the fumigants, added at two different levels. The standard deviation varies between 1.1% and 6%. Using the simple headspace technique, recoveries from 73.5% to 85.1% with a standard deviation of between 1.7% and 6.6% have been reached for the fumigants in cereals fortified at two different levels. The absolute detection limits for the five fumigants EDC, CCl4, TCE, EDB and PCE, in both methods, are 30, 0.25, 1.1, and 0.5 pg, respectively. PMID- 3223094 TI - Determination of lysozyme content in eggs and egg products using SDS-gel electrophoresis. AB - Lysozyme can be separated commercially from other egg components and is used as a natural, antibiotically active protein. A method for the detection of de lysozymed egg products using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is described. The method can also be used for lysozyme quantification. Lysozyme concentrations in egg products are tentatively assigned to three classes, based on the lysozyme contents found in intact eggs. The results obtained from a series of egg products on the market allow two groups to be distinguished. The first group has values for average lysozyme content, standard deviation and total protein content very close to the values found for intact eggs, and the second group clearly shows a lower lysozyme content but a total protein content comparable with intact eggs. PMID- 3223093 TI - Determination of ethylene oxide residues in processed food products by gas-liquid chromatography after derivatization. AB - A simple, sensitive and fast method (taking only 4-5 h) for the determination of residues of ethylene oxide (EO) and its reaction product, ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH), is described. For the analysis sodium hydroxide is added to the sample where ECH is transformed to EO. This is followed by the distillation of EO into dilute sulphuric acid containing sodium iodide, whereby EO is converted into ethylene iodohydrin (EIH). The EIH content is determined by gas chromatography using electron capture detection. The method has proved to be applicable to the analysis of low residue levels (less than 0.05 mg/kg, calculated as EO) in various foods, including processed foods. The collaborative studies carried out with four food products in six laboratories were remarkably successful with regard to repeatability of the method and reproducibility of the results. The recoveries of ECH were 50%-60%. In the 204 food products examined EO residues were found in 96 samples at concentration levels between 0.05 mg/kg and 1800 mg/kg. PMID- 3223096 TI - [AIDS: epidemiology and prevention]. PMID- 3223095 TI - Class separation of mutagenic polycyclic organic material in grilled and smoked foods. AB - A method for class separation of mutagenic polycyclic organic material in grilled and smoked foods is described. The procedure involves an initial extraction with acetone, removal of fat and proteins by precipitation at -55 degrees C, and an acid-base extraction. Further fractionation was carried out by gel filtration and silica gel chromatography. In four samples of grilled sausages, 80%-90% of the extracted mutagenicity (TA98 + S9) was contained in the basic fractions. Flame grilled sausages showed higher mutagenicity than charcoal-grilled ones. In a smoked fish sample, the mutagenicity was low and evenly distributed between the basic and the neutral/acidic fractions. A few samples showed a weak direct-acting mutagenicity in the neutral/acidic fractions. The presence of nitrite in grilled sausages did not influence the mutagenicity markedly. Gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring was used to successfully identify a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and tentatively identify several nitro-PAHs and oxygenated compounds. However, the identification of mutagens in the basic fractions was complicated by peak tailing and the presence of co-eluting material. PMID- 3223098 TI - [AIDS epidemiology and prevention in i.v. drug addicts]. AB - The incidence of AIDS cases in intravenous drug abusers is growing faster than in other risk groups, in Switzerland as well as in Europe in general. By end of May 1988, 27% of all AIDS cases registered nationally were injecting drugs. The prevalence of HIV antibodies is known from selected samples only, on the basis of voluntary testing. In 1986, among all intravenous drug users in residential treatment nation-wide, 90% were tested and thereof 55% seropositive. In a sample of drug abusers in out-patient treatment in Zurich in 1987, seropositivity was documented for 42% of male and 63% of female patients. According to registered AIDS cases, there is no differential risk for both sexes. Duration of intravenous drug abuse is the only relevant risk factor so far. Preventive change in risk taking behaviour is a minimalization of utilizing contaminated syringes/needles and a minimalization of unprotected sex (safer sex by regular use of condoms). An analysis of published data demonstrates that dissemination of information and availability of syringes/condoms are a pre-requisite for behaviour change, but by no means sufficient in order to elicit behaviour change. Drug abusers engaged in out-patient/residential treatment are available in high proportions for voluntary testing and for the intended behavioural changes. It is therefore of primary preventive interest to engage as many intravenous drug abusers as possible in treatment. Apart from drug-free residential treatment, out-patient treatment using Methadone provides positive results, whereas compulsory measures are considered to be of doubtful value. PMID- 3223097 TI - [The prevention of AIDS among young people]. AB - In the first section of the article, the authors consider the epidemiological data available in Switzerland mid-june 1988, concerning persons between 15 to 24, either already suffering from AIDS or HIV-positive. These data are compared with those from Europe and the United States. In a second section, the authors analyse the attitude and behaviors of young people with respect to sexuality in general and to AIDS. In a third section, they survey different AIDS prevention programs and methods, namely campaigns through schools, the mass media and youth associations. The role of health and medical profession is also considered. Alternative strategies are presented: travelling exhibitions, mobile disco, street work, adoption of adolescent go-betweens etc. The article concludes that prevention should extend beyond the information: youth discussion dialogue and participation is essential. PMID- 3223099 TI - Selected aspects of AIDS among homosexual men. AB - This report is a brief summary of important points concerning AIDS and homosexual men. We present the current overall figures of the cumulative AIDS incidence for Switzerland, the United States and the world and similar figures for homosexual men in Switzerland, the United States and Europe. A brief history of the epidemic is included with focus on the role of homosexual men. The main risk factors for acquiring HIV infection among homosexual men, including large numbers of sexual partners, receptive and intercourse and rectal douching, are mentioned with emphasis on results from "The San Francisco Men's Health Study". The development of education and prevention programs is outlined along with the role in these areas of The Swiss AIDS Foundation and Swiss Federal Office of Public Health. Decreases in high risk sexual practices and decrease in seroconversion rates are also discussed. PMID- 3223100 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of AIDS in the population]. AB - Routes of transmission of HIV which play an important role in the population are known. Sexual transmission, infection through needle sharing by i.v. drug addicts, accidental blood contacts and transmission from the infected pregnant mother to her child are seen. The number of new infections depends on the number of already infected individuals, the rapidity of spread and the spread potential. The infection can be rapidly spread among drug addicts, several drug users may be infected at the same time through needle sharing. In the general population the spread potential through sexual transmission is high. The AIDS prevention campaign in Switzerland aims at preventing new infections and at building up solidarity. With the STOP-AIDS campaign a broad effect in the population could be reached. The most important goals in the near future are to have an effect in depth in some target groups and to promote individual counselling. PMID- 3223101 TI - [Ethical aspects of AIDS information and prevention]. AB - Ethical implications are inherent to any information policy in conjunction with AIDS. It is difficult, in this context, to differentiate clearly between bio medical recommendations and suggestions directly oriented to sexual behaviour. In the strict context of prevention policy, the author attempts to demonstrate how both individual freedom and preventive efficacy can be maximized simultaneously. PMID- 3223102 TI - [Continuous evaluation of the general effect of the campaign against AIDS in Switzerland]. AB - Since 1985 the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and the Swiss AIDS Foundation are promoting AIDS prevention campaigns. A multimedia information campaign with the main slogan "STOP-AIDS" began in Feb. 1987 and is still under way. Multiplying effects are stimulated. An evaluation program is following continuously these campaigns, examines knowledge, attitude and behaviour changes in several groups of the population and analyses the conditions of these changes. The evaluation shows that the campaign and its objectives reached the general population and the target groups. Noticeable changes in attitudes and behaviors are taking place in the way of better protection in various observed groups, moderately or strongly exposed to HIV infection. PMID- 3223103 TI - ["I protect others' and my life". Adolescents and their adaptation to the dangers of AIDS. A survey of trade school students]. AB - 170 trade school students (main inquiry 142) between 18 and 21 in eight cantons were questioned via group discussions and questionnaire on their attitude to the STOP AIDS campaign, to the messages put across by the campaign and to the use of condoms. About half the trade school students recognise the personal appeal. 77% consider the recommended protection by using condoms personally acceptable and correct. However, the inquiry disclosed that this is only a relative acceptance. In practice, a considerable minority is developing individual behaviour concepts with a view to circumventing the recommended condom protection whenever possible. There is a lack of insight into the advantages of using condoms as standard practice in risk situations as a manifestation of the solidarity of all concerned to prevent AIDS from spreading further. The analysis of the results considers, inter alia, to what extent partner loyalty, confidence and abstinence are integrated in these behavioural concepts and attempts to assess their value with a view to reliable AIDS prevention. Prejudice against the condom and a gap in the STOP AIDS campaign reasoning are considered as possible grounds for the resistance to the recommended condom protection. PMID- 3223105 TI - [Experiences with continent ileostomy (Kock pouch) as bladder substitute in a general hospital]. AB - It is reported on the experiences with 13 patients who received in the Urological Department of the Marienhospital Gelsenkirchen after radical cysto-prostatectomy a continent anti-reflux ileostomy (Kock pouch). After a short literature review and a presentation of the operative technique modified by Skinner the indications of a radical cystectomy with construction of a Kock pouch in the treatment of local invasively bladder cancer are described. The survival rates and the perioperative complications are presented. PMID- 3223104 TI - The application of trend surface models to the analysis of time factors in Swiss cancer mortality. AB - To study different temporal components on cancer mortality (age, period and cohort) methods of graphic representation were applied to Swiss mortality data from 1950 to 1984. Maps using continuous slopes ("contour maps") and based on eight tones of grey according to the absolute distribution of rates were used to represent the surfaces defined by the matrix of various age-specific rates. Further, progressively more complex regression surface equations were defined, on the basis of two independent variables (age/cohort) and a dependent one (each age specific mortality rate). General patterns of trends in cancer mortality were thus identified, permitting definition of important cohort (e.g., upwards for lung and other tobacco-related neoplasms, or downwards for stomach) or period (e.g., downwards for intestines or thyroid cancers) effects, besides the major underlying age component. For most cancer sites, even the lower order (1st to 3rd) models utilised provided excellent fitting, allowing immediate identification of the residuals (e.g., high or low mortality points) as well as estimates of first-order interactions between the three factors, although the parameters of the main effects remained still undetermined. Thus, the method should be essentially used as summary guide to illustrate and understand the general patterns of age, period and cohort effects in (cancer) mortality, although they cannot conceptually solve the inherent problem of identifiability of the three components. PMID- 3223106 TI - [Life-threatening allergic reactions caused by the administration Urocomb gel]. AB - It is reported on 2 patients with severe intraoperative anaphylactic shock due to repeatedly use of Urocomb-Gel in transurethral resection. As the cause of allergic reaction in both patients the local anesthetic Propipocain is suspected. Since that time no mucosal anesthetics are used during transurethral resection. PMID- 3223107 TI - [Distribution of cystinuria subtypes in the Democratic Republic of Germany]. AB - The classic cystinuria is a hereditary disorder characterized by a defective transport of cystine and the dibasic amino acids arginine, lysine and ornithine in the epithelial cells of the renale tubule and the gastrointestinal tract. The excretion patterns of cystine and the dibasic amino acids in 24-hour urine samples from heterozygotes can be used to the differentiation between the genetic subtypes. 120 probands in the age range from 3 to 70 years from 22 families with cystinuria were investigated by thin-layer chromatography and by ion exchange chromatography. In patients with cystinuria the genotype I-I has a frequency of 50%. These results and the distribution of the other subtypes are in accordance with published data. From 98 persons investigated in 22 families with cystinuria 14 run the risk to form cystine stones. Therefore, the knowledge of the subtypes is relevant for practice. PMID- 3223108 TI - [Contribution of animal experiments in the problem of a long-term indomethacin therapy in advanced nephron loss]. AB - Residual nephrons are subject to compensatory adaptation at which the glomerular hyperfiltration and convection of macromolecules (proteins) are of pathogenic character in the progression of nephropathy. The influence of indomethacin at dosages of 2 or 3 mg/kg body weight/day was investigated in long-term feeding trials (8 months) on inbred female Wistar rats after unilateral nephrectomy and additional resection of both kidney poles. The results show a significant deterioration of vital prognosis under indomethacin medication independently of the dosage. PMID- 3223109 TI - [Standardization of methods and assessment of conventional and radionuclide clearance investigations: recommendations of the Renal Diagnostics Study Group of the Society of Nephrology, GDR]. AB - Recommendations of the Study Group "Renal Function Diagnostics" of the Society of Nephrology to the performance of the steady state clearance using inulin or PAH and the slope clearance with radionuclides for estimation of effective renal plasma flow are presented. These investigations are indicated in the early recognition and follow-up of latent or residual disturbance of the renal function in the creatinine-blind area. Recommendations have been done on selection and dosage of test substances, timing of examination and evaluation of results. PMID- 3223110 TI - [The occurrence of antibiotic resistant coliforms in the waste water of a water treatment plant]. AB - Colony counts and total coliforms of the investigated biological treatment plant were decreased by more than 90% on average. In activated sludge processes the colony counts increased, whereas total coliforms did not show significant differences between raw sewage and activated sludge processes. With regard to the antibiotics tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and gentamicin raw sewage samples contained on average 10(3) antibiotic resistant coliforms/ml. From agar plates supplemented with antibiotics a total of 896 strains were characterized. Single resistant E. coli strains (29.3%) were isolated most frequently from agar plates supplemented with tetracycline. However, coliforms isolated from agar plates which were supplemented with chloramphenicol, kanamycin and gentamicin showed a prevalent resistance to 5 and 6 antibiotics tested. The variety of resistance patterns of gentamicin-resistant coliforms was determined by few plasmids encoding gentamicin resistance only. PMID- 3223111 TI - Microbiological and physico-chemical aspects in dry-salted Spanish ham. AB - The main microbiological and physico-chemical parameters in dry-salted ham previously selected were determined during the elaboration process. All determinations were performed at 2 levels: surface and internal. The selected microbiological parameters were: total aerobes, halotolerant, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and hazardous microorganisms. NaCl, nitrate, nitrite, water activity, moisture, pH, temperature and loss of weight were selected for the physico-chemical study. All microbial groups showed a similar behaviour, increasing along the first stages up to the third month of drying, then decreasing to numbers similar to the initial ones. Only the halotolerants maintained fairly high numbers during the last stages. Some groups were almost absent at internal levels. The hazardous bacteria showed different behaviour: whereas the faecal streptococci were fairly abundant during the whole study, coliforms almost disappeared at the final stages. PMID- 3223112 TI - [Possibilities for ambulatory pediatric surgery in the district hospital]. AB - Primary surgical care for children generally comes under the responsibility of the hospital at district level. Selected surgical problems of children may be exclusively handled on an outpatient basis under certain conditions relating to personnel, space, and equipment. The recommendation of expansion of outpatient paediatric surgery seems to be justified by experience so far obtained from 485 cases. Shorter waiting periods, relief on hospital bed capacity, and prevention of possible damage due to hospitalisation are noteworthy advantages of the approach. PMID- 3223113 TI - [Hamartoma of the liver in childhood]. AB - Liver hamartoma is one of the very rare findings in childhood. It is a dysontogenetic malformation that grows clinically manifest with tumour-like appearance in the first or second year of age. Cystic and solid formations are described in this report. Findings are usually clearly delimited from clinically intact liver parenchyma. In surgical extirpation, that delimitation should be stringently observed to avoid unnecessary blood loss. The prognosis generally is good and should not be jeopardised by delay of surgical therapy. Reported are two cases of liver hamartoma, with both patients being laparotomised at the age of one and a half years. PMID- 3223114 TI - [Replacement esophagoplasty by the jejunum]. AB - The authors discuss the problem of oesophagus replacement in children with congenital Type Vogt II atresia. They describe their own experience obtained from replacement, using jejunum. PMID- 3223115 TI - [Pyomyositis in childhood (0-10 years). An analysis of 154 cases]. AB - An evaluation was made of 154 cases of pyomyositis in childhood which occurred through a period of 30 months, patients being between zero and ten years of age. Reference is made to clinical, bacteriological, and therapeutic aspects as well as to complications. PMID- 3223116 TI - [Isolated occurrence of a congenital rectovaginal fistula in a girl]. PMID- 3223117 TI - [Clinical, psychological and psychosocial factors in spontaneous and recurrent or habitual abortion. Results of a pilot study]. AB - In a pilotstudy about medical, psychological and psychosocial factors in spontaneous and recurrent spontaneous abortions 47 women were investigated. 26 of them had one, 14 tow and 7 three or more recurrent spontaneous abortions. Etiologic factors were unknown in about 90% of the cases. Illnesses observed were allergies, thyroid diseases and infections. An influence of social and psychosocial factors could not be proved in our sample. Psychological relevant factors were higher levels of fear and depressive and evasive coping strategies in pregnancy. Certain personality traits (vulnerability, nervousness and tendency to psychosomatic reactions) were found in women with three or more recurrent abortions. All patients showed depressive reactions to pregnancy loss. In a further investigation well defined subgroups of patients shall be compared. The results can serve as guidelines in pregnancy counselling. PMID- 3223118 TI - [Adjuvant prednisolone therapy for the prevention of adhesions after acute adnexitis]. AB - 59 patients with acute pelvic inflammatory diseases proved and classified by laparoscopy were treated by two kinds of therapies in alternating order. Dispensing with physical measures 27 patients were given ampicilline and metronidazol for 10 days, 32 patients being additionally given prednisolone. The treatment results of both groups during hospital treatment and results during second-look-laparoscopy carried out two months later with chromopertubation have been compared. In the group treated with prednisolone fever was reduced more rapidly and a normalisation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate could be ascertained. However, leukocytosis persisted for a longer time. Also, in connection with the checking of the free passage of the tubes no differences could be detected between the two therapy concepts. 70.6% of the women treated with prednisolone did not have any genital adhesions. Those women who were not treated with it had no such adhesions in 53% of the cases. It is recommended to test the positive adhesion-stopping effect of an additional therapy with prednisolone by bigger, prospective series of examinations. PMID- 3223120 TI - [Deep vaginal mycosis--a diagnostically and therapeutically re- fractory disease]. AB - We report about a patient who received different drugs because of a vaginal mycosis for two years. Development of deep vaginal mycosis had to be observed, which can be treated only systemically. PMID- 3223119 TI - [The therapeutic value of second-look laparotomy in advanced ovarian carcinoma]. AB - 42 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma who were clinically free of disease after completed postoperative chemotherapy were submitted to second look laparotomy at the University clinics of Bilbao and Santander, in Northern Spain, between 1980 and 1987. Tumor was demonstrated in 22 of the cases (52.3%). This paper deals with the question of whether this knowledge and the ensuing change in therapy resulted in a longterm benefit for the patients or not. In our experience, this was not the case. All second-look-positive patients either died during the follow-up period, or showed tumor progression if they survived more than 6 months. Survival sank to 50% after only 24 months, and steadily thereafter to 0% after 78 months. The therapeutical value of second-look laparotomy is heavily questioned by these results. PMID- 3223121 TI - [How high are the "normal" early embryonic losses, that is, preclinical and clinical abortions?]. PMID- 3223122 TI - [Detection and evaluation of data in perinatal diagnosis using a personal computer]. AB - Imaging, biochemical, genetic, clinical, histological, cytological and morphological examinations methods are practised in perinatal diagnostics. We propose a system of data registration and processing using a personal computer regarding both prenatal therapeutic measures. Data are collected as data store "perinatal diagnostic" which may be expanded prospectively at any time. PMID- 3223123 TI - [Critical evaluation of various methods of determining markers of fetal maturity in amniotic fluid]. AB - 11 methods for investigation of fetal lung maturity, fetal skin maturity and common maturity signs were described. All investigations have been carried out on the base of 61 amniotic fluid samples. A certain declaration of fetal lung maturity is possible by: 1. The absorbance of native amniotic fluid at 650 nm 2. Shake-test (Clements) 3. Average quantities of the keratinocytes of the amniotic fluid cell population. Good results, a small amniotic fluid quantity and a simple procedure characterise these methods. They are usefull in clinical practice. PMID- 3223124 TI - [Recurrent excessive dilatation of the efferent urinary tract in pregnancy. Case report]. AB - Case report on a patient with an extensive dilatation of renal pelvis and ureter during the first and the following two pregnancies. Operative drainage was performed of renal pelvis on both sides in the 24th and 28th week of the first pregnancy. The second pregnancy ended with spontaneous abortion in the 27th week of pregnancy. Percutaneous punction nephrostomy with successful course of the third pregnancy. Drainage of renal pelvis by punction nephrostomy is indicated in case of co-existence between dilatation of renal pelvis and severe illness and destruction renal parenchyma and of septic pyelonephritis in pregnancy. This procedure should also be done in case of a solitary kidney and excessive dilatation of the renal pelvis. An operative approach is recommended in renal abscess. PMID- 3223125 TI - [An advantage of isthmo-cervical longitudinal incision in cesarean section of low birth weight infants]. AB - The pros and cons of the isthmo-cervical longitudinal incision of the uterus in order to deliver a very low birth weight infant are discussed. The advantages of the incomparably more careful taking out of the easily being injured fetus compensate disadvantages connected with this operative technique to a high degree. PMID- 3223126 TI - [Cardiotocography practice. Case 16]. PMID- 3223127 TI - Growth conditions for the expression of fibronectin and collagen binding to Salmonella. AB - Binding of 125I-fibronectin, its 125I-labelled 29-kDa aminoterminal fragment, and 125I-collagen to cells of 13 Salmonella strains grown in broth and agar media at three different temperatures was studied. Of the 13 strains, 7 had only smooth colony morphologies while three strains were pairs of both smooth strains and their corresponding rough variants. The three rough variants showed higher binding to fibronectin, it's 29-kDa fragment and to collagen, than the corresponding smooth forms. However, the percentage of 125I-protein bound was greatly influenced by the growth conditions. In these three pairs of strains, there was a direct correlation between cell-surface hydrophobicity and the binding activity, but this correlation was not observed in the remaining strains. Thus, some of the strains showed high cell-surface hydrophobicity but low binding activity under optimal growth conditions. The highest binding rates of fibronectin and of it's 29-kDA fragment were obtained with bacteria grown on colonisation factor antigen (CFA) agar at 33 degrees C, while the binding to collagen was slightly higher when bacteria were cultured on tryptic soy agar. PMID- 3223128 TI - Growth dependent enzymatic profiles of some gram-negative nonfermentative bacteria of clinical significance. AB - A total of 734 strains of gram-negative nonfermentative bacteria (46 species and biochemically defined groups) of the genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Bordetella, Moraxella, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, and Flavobacterium were investigated for their ability to hydrolyze 25 different chromogenic substrates. All tests were carried out in growth-stimulating media. Results were read photometrically and evaluated automatically following a 24-h incubation. Many of the 46 different species and biochemical groups exhibited uniform patterns of enzyme production. Some of the enzyme tests may serve as additional valuable tools for differential diagnosis of the organisms investigated. In combination with other biochemical tests, qualitative enzyme demonstration tests can facilitate the identification of gram-negative nonfermentative bacteria. PMID- 3223129 TI - Electron-microscopic observation of adherence of serotype c Streptococcus mutans to the enamel surface due to glucan synthesis. AB - Cellular adherence of three strains with water-insoluble glucan (IG)-synthesizing ability and a strain lacking the ability of serotype c Streptococcus mutans to the saliva-coated human enamel surface was examined by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron-microscopy. SEM revealed that organisms of all strains used adhered directly to the enamel surface in the absence of sucrose. Cell-to-cell attachment was scarcely observed in the absence of sucrose. Cell-to cell attachment via amorphous substance on the cell surface was observed by SEM when the strains with IG-synthesizing ability were incubated with the saliva coated enamel in the presence of sucrose. TEM revealed that cell-associated enzymes of these strains synthesized filamentous and double-stranded fibrillar structures from sucrose. The strain lacking IG-synthesizing ability was unable to induce cell-to-cell attachment in the presence of sucrose, nor was it able to synthesize the amorphous substance. These results indicate that production of IG by cell-associated glucosyltransferase participates in cellular accumulation of serotype c S. mutans. PMID- 3223130 TI - Dependence of virus adsorption to the cell surface on the input multiplicity of infection. AB - A state of "saturation" of the cell surface ensues when only 5-10% of the cell surface is "covered" by the adsorbed virions. Hence, this state cannot be explained by an "overcrowding effect" caused by the virions attached to the cell surface. A hypothesis of heterogeneity of the cell surface with regard to the virus absorbtion ("the domain hypothesis") is suitable for explanation. PMID- 3223131 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the session of the Virology Section of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Hygiene und Mikrobiologie. Berlin, February 18-20, 1988. PMID- 3223132 TI - Prevalence of serum antibodies to toxic-shock-syndrome-toxin-1 and to staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C in West-Germany. AB - Sera of 152 healthy blood donors and 43 infants 9 to 12 months of age were tested for serum antibodies to TSST-1 and staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C by a microtiter ELISA assay. Only 50% of the adult population had detectable antibody titers to enterotoxin A, whereas 80% to enterotoxin C and 90% to enterotoxin B and TSST-1, which is very similar to the prevalence of TSST-1 antibodies among USA-residents. The "protective" titer of TSST-1-antibodies can be estimated to be 1:100 in the test system used by comparison with anti-TSST-1-titers in five acute phase sera from confirmed menstrual TSS cases. PMID- 3223134 TI - [The antibacterial effect of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin in vitro]. AB - MICs of ciprofloxacin (CIP), ofloxacin (OFL) and norfloxacin (NOR) were assessed with a total of 523 strains of 7 species (spp) of enterobacteriaceae, various pseudomonads, methicillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, Legionella species and C. difficile. In addition, the MBCs were assessed with S. aureus and E. coli. With break-points of less than or equal to 0.5 and greater than or equal to 4 mg/l all strains of E. coli, K. oxytoca, P. mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus spp. were susceptible to all 3 antibiotics. Proportions of susceptible strains almost as high were found with E. cloacae, S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae and methicillin-susceptible staphylococci. With Legionella spp. the MICs of CIP and OFL always indicated susceptibility, whereas with NOR only 62% of the strains were inhibited. Pseudomonads, especially others than P. aeruginosa, were only moderately susceptible to CIP and OFL, but never to NOR. Listeria monocytogenes was susceptible to OFL in 96%, to CIP in 56%, but never to NOR. C. difficile was always resistant. The MBC-values either equalled the MICs or surpassed them up to 2 times at maximum indicating a bactericidal mode of action. Despite of slightly lower MICs of CIP in vitro, OFL seems to be comparably effective. NOR is regarded less effective. PMID- 3223133 TI - A new chromogenic assay for direct detection of staphylocoagulase. AB - Tube test for detection of staphylococcal coagulase, despite of many disadvantages, is commonly used in clinical microbiology for identification of Staphylococcus aureus. In this paper a new chromogenic method for detection of the coagulase directly in staphylococcal cultures is described and evaluated on the basis of a comparison with the standard tube assay. The chromogenic assay appeared to be as sensitive as the tube test but results of the former one can be read in a few hours without any apparatus. PMID- 3223135 TI - Resistance-pattern-analysis--a step toward predictable differentiated antibiotic therapy. AB - The Resistance-Pattern-Analysis (RPA)-the procedure will be described- makes possible a comparison of susceptibility test results of different antibiotics independent of patient and test related factors. Using two examples, the comparative assessment of a more recent antibiotic with well-tried older antibiotics and the selection of antibiotics for an interventive therapy, whereby the pathogen being unknown the therapy is based upon the probable pathogen, the expected susceptibility and the localization of the infection the practicability will be illustrated. A RPA of 1526 bacterial isolates was carried out using aztreonam, gentamicin and amikacin. Aztreonam was superior to amikacin against all species tested. In comparison to gentamicin, aztreonam showed the best results against Pseudomonadaceae. Using common combinations of antibiotics for the initial interventive therapy the possible use of RPA for a cost-risk-analysis from a medical microbiological viewpoint will be demonstrated. PMID- 3223136 TI - Lectins and their role in a new polyvalent bacterial vaccine against ARI. AB - The potency of the polyvalent bacterial vaccine (Infectvac) to prevent lethal infections with S. pneumoniae ATCC 6301 was examined. NMRI-mice were protected 2 5 times better than untreated controls. The protection is based on activation of resistance-mechanisms, e.g. interferon production. Most interesting is a strong activation of the phagocytosis-killing-system of alveolar macrophages after oral application of antigen (information: gut mucosa to lung mucosa). Using the same infection model the important role of bacterial lectins for infectious diseases was demonstrated. Blocking the combining site of the bacterial lectin of S. pneumoniae by intranasal application of N-acetylglucosamine (the specific carbohydrate for the lectin) was able to prevent a lethal infection with S. pneumoniae 3-times better than PBS or using not lectin relevant carbohydrates. Therefore, blocking the lectin receptor with specific carbohydrates might also be of clinical relevance to prevent acute respiratory infections (ARI). PMID- 3223137 TI - Antibacterial activity of selected tropones and tropolones. AB - The antibacterial activity of 33 substituted and unsubstituted seven-member ring tropones and tropolones was examined on 14 reference strains representing Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It was shown that the chemical character and position of the substituent plays a distinct role in the biological activity of investigated compounds. Depending on the substituent the antibacterial effect may be either increased or diminished. C-1 thio and C-2 nitro derivatives of tropone are significantly more active than tropone. The dibenzotropone derivatives display no antibacterial activity. Hydroxymethyl derivatives of tropolone are more active than tropolone, while hydroxy-, isopropyl-, methyl- as well as tropolone acetates are equipotent. PMID- 3223138 TI - Immunostimulating staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid prevents pulmonary tumor colonization in BALB/c-mice. AB - Immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities of staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were studied in Balb/c-mice. Systemic administration of LTA (1 mg or 2 mg i. p., 7 and 4 days prior to challenge) significantly enhanced chemiluminescence response of peritoneal macrophages (p less than 0.0125) and induced enlargement of the spleen (p less than 0.025) as compared to non-treated controls. In vivo the number of lung colonies was significantly lower (p less than 0.0125) in LTA-treated mice 14 days after challenge with L-1 sarcoma cells. PMID- 3223139 TI - Lectin-mediated cell-attachment and phagocytosis of Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain S1. AB - Adhesion studies with cryotome sections of human kidney and lung respectively uroepithelial cells together with blocking experiments with competitive carbohydrates suggested that specific attachment of S. saprophyticus strain S 1 to host cells apparently is mediated by lectins. Accordingly, microbial lectin blocking with specific glycoconjugates or lectin dysfunction (after treatment of bacteria with subinhibitory concentrations of tunicamycin) significantly decreased staphylococcal adherence to epithelial cells. Chemiluminescence measurements of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function yielded results suggesting importance of lectin-receptor interaction in phagocytosis, too, since PMN activity was significantly decreased after staphylococcal lectin blocking or dysfunction. PMID- 3223140 TI - Studies on a biological response modifying LYSAT from Propionibacterium avidum KP 40. AB - Propionibacterium avidum KP 40 cells were mechanically disintegrated in order to obtain the soluble immunostimulatory (antineoplastic) LYSAT. Chemiluminescence measurements of human leukocyte function yielded enhanced activation of the cells after incubation with 2.5 and 5 mg of LYSAT. As compared to non-treated controls, administration of LYSAT to BALB/c-mice (1, 2.5 and 5 mg; intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intranasal; 7, 4 and 2 days prior to challenge) induced a significant enlargement of the spleen as well as significantly reduced sarcoma L 1 lung colonization 14 days after challenge and evidently enhanced chemiluminescence response of peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 3223141 TI - Intestinal microflora of BALB/c-mice and function of local immune cells. AB - BALB/c-mice were treated for 7 days with oral nonabsorbable dosages of mezlocillin to achieve digestive tract decontamination. Such a procedure resulted in rapid eradication of most species of aerobic and anaerobic intestinal microflora. Various functions of peritoneal macrophages (e.g. chemiluminescence response, chemotactic motility, bactericidal and cytostatic ability) and lymphocyte proliferation were decreased in decontaminated animals as compared to non-treated controls. PMID- 3223142 TI - Circulating antigen of Toxoplasma gondii in patients with AIDS: significance of detection and structural properties. AB - 232 sera and 40 cerebrospinal fluid samples of altogether 125 patients in stages III or IV of a HIV-infection were tested for circulating antigen of Toxoplasma gondii by means of a three-layer enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating antigen was detected in 32 sera of 20 patients (= 16% of all persons investigated). These ELISA results were reexamined by an Immunoblot following a SDS-PAGE and confirmed in most cases. In addition, this test system led to a partial characterization of the circulating antigen; it consists of at least two proteins with atomic mass units of 27 and 57 kd respectively. The antigenemia was correlated with IgG- and IgM-antibody titres, with clinical symptoms, and with pathological findings also. Our results indicate that the detection of circulating antigen in sera offers a rapid and efficient method for the diagnosis of an acute toxoplasmosis in AIDS-patients. PMID- 3223143 TI - Combined application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) as a useful tool for the diagnosis and post operative surveillance of human alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. AB - A combined application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) for the diagnosis and post-operative surveillance of human alveolar and cystic echinococcosis is described. Since January 1985 each serum sample submitted for the detection of specific antibodies was examined with both an ELISA using Echinococcus multilocularis antigen (EmELISA) and an IHA using E. granulosus antigen (EgIHA). In the course of our study altogether 72 human cases of Echinococcus infections were diagnosed. All 16 cases of alveolar echinococcosis (= 100%) and 48 out of 56 cases of cystic echinococcosis (= 86%) were revealed as Echinococcus infection at least in one of the two tests. Although crude antigens were used in both, EmELISA and EgIHA, species-specific diagnosis was achieved in 57 (= 89%) of 64 cases of the infections with E. multilocularis or E. granulosus. The diagnostic value of EmELISA and EgIHA for the post-operative surveillance is demonstrated by the follow-up of the immune response of one case of alveolar and three cases of cystic echinococcosis. PMID- 3223144 TI - Stomatococcus mucilaginosus as an agent of CAPD peritonitis. AB - We report a case of bacterial CAPD peritonitis in a 57 year old immunosuppressed woman with renal insufficiency caused by a rare species of the Micrococcaceae, Stomatococcus mucilaginosus. This uncommon case shows that the presence of gram positive cocci in pairs, tetrads and clusters forming whitish-gummy colonies should remind us of the possibility of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus. PMID- 3223145 TI - CAMP-like phenomena of Vibrios. AB - The CAMP test was proposed by Lesmana and Rockhill (11) as a method to differentiate between classical V. cholerae (negative) and V. cholerae biotype El Tor (positive). Typical CAMP phenomena with a crescent-like zone of complete hemolysis were observed also with some strains of V. metschnikovii, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. anguillarum when the cultures were incubated anaerobically (mostly also at aerobic conditions). No CAMP reaction was seen with V. harveyi and V. costicola. PMID- 3223146 TI - Species identification and serotyping (capsular antigen) of Pasteurella strains from sheep flocks in south Germany and in Syria. AB - 135 Pasteurella strains were cultivated from nasal swabs of sheep as well as pneumonic lungs of dead and slaughtered sheep. The specimen originated from 41 flocks in South Germany and from 15 flocks and 60 slaughter sheep in Syria (Hama region). Serovariety A2 prevailed amongst P. haemolytica strains (6) isolated in South Germany (53 strains) and in Syria (41 strains). In addition 10 further serovarieties were identified in South Germany (next frequent were A8, A1 and A6) and 7 in Syria. Untypable strains appeared to be more frequent in Syria. Other Pasteurellae (17) represented 1/4 of isolates in Syria and 1/3 of isolates in South Germany. Species identification resulted in P. multocida ssp. multocida (25), P. multocida ssp. septica (4 strains, Syria only), P. canis (3 strains, South Germany only) and Pasteurella-like strains (9 strains). Twelve P. multocida ssp. multocida strains carried capsular antigen D and 7 capsular antigen A. In most cases where multiple samples were examined from one flock, strains with different capsular antigens and/or belonging to different Pasteurella species were isolated (max. 8). PMID- 3223147 TI - [Spinal muscular atrophy in adults]. AB - Clinico-electromyographic characterization of 20 patients with different forms of the spinal muscular atrophy (bulbospinal in 8 patients, chronic proximal in 5, distal in 7) is reported. The patients displayed the characteristic clinical signs and neuronal changes in EMG. The latter data are specified for each form. The authors infer that the spinal muscular atrophy in adults, children and adolescents fall into one group, though differing in the onset age, type of inheritance, clinical features, severity and prognosis. PMID- 3223148 TI - [Combined acupuncture reflexotherapy and hypnosis in treating neuroses]. AB - Observed were 117 patients with different neuroses (neurasthenia, hysteria, obsessive) involving intense vasoautonomic paroxysms of sympathetic-adrenal, vagoinsular and combined nature. Unfavorable course of such neuroses was noted. Combined one-session acupuncture and hypnosis treatment is put forth and the increased hypnogenicity phenomenon was demonstrated under acupuncture therapy. Both techniques benefited from their combination. The possibility of eliciting hypnoid states under the physical methods of treatment is discussed together with their therapeutic application and arising deontological problems. PMID- 3223149 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical picture and course of chronic alcoholic intoxication in patients with various types of neuroendocrine changes]. AB - Clinical and hormonal indices of androgenic activity were compared in 118 males chronically intoxicated with alcohol. The population was divided into two groups with respect to their clinical and hormonal androgenic indices: 76 patients with (Group 1), and 46 patients without (Group 2) androgenic insufficiency. Distinct signs and syndromes of alcohol addiction were shown to correlate with the extent of cross-regulation impairment within hypothalamo-hypophyseo-gonadal system. This was particularly derived from comparison of clinical picture of chronic alcohol intoxication and hormone activity in the groups. Conventional therapy failed to restore the neuroendocrine indices that was apparently due to inhibition of cross regulation links in the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-gonadal system at several stages of alcohol addiction. PMID- 3223150 TI - [Mineral metabolism and tissue-specific cytotoxic activity of the blood serum in the progeny in chronic alcoholic intoxication of the progenitors]. AB - Late sequelae of chronic alcoholic intoxication were studied in the 3rd generation of animals. The peculiarities of trace element and macronutrient balance and the offspring blood serum tissue-specific cytotoxic activity against brain, testes, thymus, are discussed in their relation to the nature of chronic alcoholic intoxication of the 1st generation on paternal, maternal and both sides. Characteristic features are shown for the indices under study in the offspring, including the chronic alcoholic intoxication in males of the 1st generation. These peculiarities suggest the possibility of a differentiated therapeutical approach to correction of alcoholic embryo-/fetopathy. PMID- 3223151 TI - [Discriminant analysis of methods for detecting the heterozygote carrier state for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene]. AB - The authors used the procedure of a step-wise discriminant analysis for comparing the informative value of different methods for revealing heterozygotic carriers of the gene of Duchenne's myodystrophy by means of an analysis of the blood serum and physicochemical properties of erythrocytes in 11 mothers suffering from Duchenne's muscular dystrophy who were obligate (by the findings of a genealogical analysis) carriers of the gene of Duchenne's myodystrophy. Employment of a complex of four methods (determination of the constant of the rate of chloride-bicarbonate metabolism through the erythrocyte membrane, erythrocytic deformability, hemolytic stability of erythrocytes upon their heating at 55 degrees C, and analysis of the activity of serum creatine kinase) has increased 1.8-fold the rate of detecting heterozygotic carriers of the gene of Duchenne's myodystrophy as compared to the creatine kinase test. PMID- 3223152 TI - [Clinico-electrophysiologic research on narcolepsy (an evolutionary-dissolution approach)]. AB - The results of clinical and polygraphic investigation of sleep and wakefulness using spectral analysis and fast Fourier transform of EEG are presented with the data on somatosensory evoked potentials in different brain states of multiply symptomatic narcoleptic patients. Functional insufficiency of thalamocortical unspecific system was revealed. The brainstem-hypothalamic systems of sleep wakefulness cycle regulation were activated. Evolutional approach was applied to the issues of sleep-wakefulness cycle pathology. The possibility of reflection of evolutional regularities of sleep-wakefulness cycle in multiply symptomatic narcolepsy is discussed. PMID- 3223153 TI - [Psychoneurotic disorders in cardial achalasia]. AB - Major syndromes of psychoneurologic disorders in cardial achalasia are described. Their major pathogenic mechanisms were revealed in a combined clinico electrophysiological study involving psychological testing. Differentiated methods treatment of psychoneurologic complications of cardial achalasia are described (sedative, neuroleptic drugs, general enforcing and supporting therapies) that proved effective in catamnestic observations. PMID- 3223154 TI - [Neurologic functions of patients after open-heart surgery under perfusion-less deep (26-25 degrees C) hypothermic protection]. AB - Neurological investigation was performed in 47 children and adults in which no brain functions damage was detected after their cardiac defects repaired under perfusion-less deep (26 to 25 degrees C) hypothermia. Apart of these, 35 patients were studied in which cerebral complications immediately followed the surgery. EEG was recorded in selected patients. The relationship between the neurological complications incidence and duration of major vessels occlusion in surgery was analyzed. Perfusion-less deep hypothermia was efficient means of brain protection against hypoxic damage. PMID- 3223155 TI - [Clinical variants of neurosis-like disorders in burns]. AB - A total of 130 patients were treated in a burn unit of a hospital. Three stages of neurosis-like disorders were noted: (1), acute stress reaction close in its structure to prodromal phase of exogenous psychoses and approximately coinciding with the burn shock; (2), formation and dissolution of psychopathologic syndromes (asthenic, depressive and asthenic-depressive), resembling the so-called "transitional" syndromes coinciding with toxemias and septic pyemias; (3), late psychogenesis (mobilization, pseudoeuphoric and hypochondriac). PMID- 3223156 TI - [Raynaud's phenomenon (a clinico-physiologic analysis)]. AB - On the basis of examination of three groups of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) (Group I was composed of patients with an idiopathic forms of RP; Group II, of those with neurovascular syndromes of cervical osteochondrosis; Group III, of those with systemic scleroderma) which involved a series of vegetative tests (measurement of the heart rate, the cold test, Aschner's test, determination of autonomic provision of intellectual and other types of activity), authors draw a conclusion about the presence of a close correlation between RP and the psychovegetative syndrome and dysfunction of nonspecific systems of the brain. On the other hand there are differences in the psychophysiological organization of the idiopathic form of RP vs. Raynaud's syndrome, which should be taken into account in the treatment of angiotrophopathic disturbances. PMID- 3223157 TI - [Autosomal-dominant motor-sensory neuropathy type I: intrafamilial polymorphism in the Roussy-Levy syndrome]. AB - A family is described in which 12 members in 3 generations suffered from hereditary type 1 motor-sensory neuropathy. Clinical and neurophysiological data allowed to regard the disease in 8 patients as a variant of Roussy-Levy syndrome. Intrafamilial clinical polymorphism and differential diagnosis of the disease are discussed. PMID- 3223158 TI - [The positive effect of mud applications in the treatment of myotonic dystrophy]. AB - A case communication. Positive effect in reducing myotonia after mud applications was achieved in a myotonic patient. Plausible therapeutical mechanisms of peloid action on the disease are described. PMID- 3223159 TI - [Sudden hemorrhage into asymptomatic hypophyseal tumors]. AB - In 6 previously asymptomatic patients the hypophysis (adenoma) hemorrhages developed suddenly with prompt severe signs of subarachnoidal hemorrhage or vision loss up to total blindness. Five patients were either operated via transfrontal approach or transnasal stereotaxic cryodestruction of the tumor was performed. One patient died before operation within 24h after admission. Of the 6 patients, 5 had the chromophobic hypophyseal adenomas. Of the 5 operated patients 4 remain in satisfactory conditions for 4 to 10 years. The success of the treatment in patients with hemorrhages into the asymptomatic hypophyseal tumors depends on prompt detection and urgent surgery. PMID- 3223160 TI - [Clinical aspects of the development of the cardiophobic syndrome]. AB - Clinical and neurophysiological investigation was performed in 210 patients with cardiophobic syndrome in neuroses (155) and neuroses-like disorders of organic (38) and somatogenic (17) nature. Particular forms of cardiophobic syndrome were described in each group. The peculiarities of shaping the cardiophobic disorders were noted as determined by the group of the diseases. Thus the therapeutic, rehabilitative and psychoprophylactic approaches should be strictly differentiated. PMID- 3223161 TI - [Psychosomatic correlations in neurotic cardiophobias]. AB - A psychosomatic examination of 134 neurotic patients with the cardiophobic syndrome included psychological study, calculation of vegetative parameters, electroencephalography, and integral rheography. The authors have established the possibility of quantitative determination of severity of psychovegetative syndrome and shown its structural integrity and interrelationship between the level of anxiety and the degree and orientation of vegetative and hemodynamic changes. The factor of anxiety has been identified. The principles of pathogenetic therapy taking into consideration stable psychovegetative patterns are validated. PMID- 3223162 TI - [The substance of the concept of "phobia"]. AB - As a result of clinico-psychopathological analysis of the structure and mechanisms of development of obsessive phobias and related events, the 3 groups of these are singled out: (1), phobias as the states caused by paroxysmal fear appearing in distinct situations; (2), pseudophobias--the anxious states; (3), phobia-like states caused by various events. Phobias, themselves, are subdivided into 4 species according to the genesis of relevant fear. The differences between these forms are described with the differential diagnostic issues pointed out. PMID- 3223163 TI - [Neurologic analysis of cerebral exhaustion]. AB - The study was aimed at determining the role of cerebral dysfunction in exhaustion syndrome involving various disorders of feeding motivation (anorexia, bulimia). Clinicopsychological study (neurological, endocrinological investigation, Cattell, Levine-Hoppe and MMIL testing) was performed in 23 women with exhaustion syndrome. The patients were divided into 2 groups: (1), 12 patients with bulimic neurogenic anorexia; (2), 11 neurotic patients with genuine anorexia. All patients displayed the background dysfunction of the cerebral integrative systems with motivational, neuro-metabolic-endocrine and autonomic disorders. Constitutional acquired hypothalamo-hypophyseal insufficiency had special traits in either group, a factor substantially influencing the course of the disease. The fact that neurogenic anorexia combined with hypothalamo-hypophyseal insufficiency was crucial for the establishment of bulimic form in particular, and for increased incidence of neuro-metabolic-endocrine disorders. Contrarily, the exhaustion syndrome in neuroses developing on the background of hypothalamo hypophyseal insufficiency was influenced by the decompensation of initial motivational (anorexia) and neuro-metabolic (asthenic constitution) signs. It was also under the impact of specificity of symptom formation in neuroses with hypothalamohypophyseal disorders, including the feeding behavior pathology. The study implies the necessity of evaluation of the brain states with due consideration of cerebral factors in shaping neurogenic anorexia and neurosis. PMID- 3223164 TI - [Hereditary familial forms of neuropathy of the facial nerve]. AB - A total of 230 patients with facial neuropathies were under this study. Of these, in 29 members of 13 families the hereditary nature of the diseases transmission was clearly evident. The incidence of hereditary-familial form of the facial neuropathy was 12.6% with the rate of intrafamilial affliction being 23.3%. Two factors have been found to influence the morbidity: (1) genetic predisposition manifested by autosome-dominant type of temporal bone malformations; (2) exogenous factors leading to ischemia and compression of the facial nerve and thus promoting the phenotypic realization of genotypic predisposition. PMID- 3223165 TI - [The dynamics of neurotic disorders with autonomic paroxysms]. AB - Multi-dimensional investigation in the peculiarities, clinical course and possible mechanisms of neurotic disorders was performed in 115 patients. In order to study the further course of neurotic disorders and their determinants, as well as the issues of social rehabilitation and psychoprophylactic interferences, 56 patients were studied again after 6 to 8 years. For each of the symptom complexes investigated, the course had distinct features determined primarily by adaptation compensatory capabilities of personality, and the "system of psychological defense". Most unfavorable was the course of hysterical disorders. Therapeutic policy in these patients should be grounded upon the psychotherapeutic measures aimed at finding the ways that would be psychologically adequate for changing the patients' attitudes and restoring their adaptation. PMID- 3223166 TI - [The prognosis of the development of autonomic dysfunction in puberty as the source of psychosomatic diseases in adults]. AB - Comparative study of the incidence of various hereditary, constitutional and environmental factors in two groups of schoolchildren aged 8-18 with (506 subjects) and without (604) clinical signs of autonomic dysregulation yielded a set of indices reliably correlating with the autonomic dysfunction. Sequential statistical analysis after Wald assessed the information value and prognostic thresholds of the indices tabulated as the risk factors for autonomic dysfunction in children and adolescents. The results will be used in regular screening check ups for the early detection of autonomic dysfunction in children, adolescents and for working out the preventive measures against a number of psychosomatic disorders in adults. PMID- 3223167 TI - [Characteristics of the night sleep of patients with neuroses and a subjectively good and bad sleep]. AB - Polysomnographic analysis of the night sleep in neurotic patients with subjectively good (SGS, 12 patients) and bad (SBS, 18 patients) sleep showed that a certain degree of sleep impairment is an obligatory sign of neurosis, though night sleep characteristics changed in SGS to a greater extent than in SBS, irrespective of clinical equivalence and high anxiousness in both groups. Discriminative analysis provided a reliable differentiation between groups of SGS, SBS and normal with SGS occupying an intermediate position in sleep characteristics. The conclusion is that not only anxiousness, but also the brain somnifacient systems' resistance against challenging factors determine the sleep structure. Of no lesser importance are the general peculiarities of night sleep organization. The role of the 2 stages in sleep regulation are discussed. PMID- 3223168 TI - [The nature of the neurohormonal reorganizations in patients with neuroses]. AB - Neurohormonal balance was studied in patients suffering from neurasthenic, hysteric of obsessive-phobic neuroses. The peculiarities of functional restructuring in sympathoadrenal, opioid and pituitary-adrenal cortex systems were considered as related to clinical form or stage of the disease. Irrespective of the neurosis clinical form, a considerable rise in the endorphin blood levels with increasing sympathoadrenal and adrenocortical activities were typical of its initial stages. With long-lasting neuroses, the neurohormonal shifts characteristic of chronic emotional stress were detected. PMID- 3223169 TI - [Delimitation of morbid and nonmorbid querulousness]. AB - The differences are established in the manifestations and course of litigious paranoid disorders of psychogenic personality-related origin and nonpathological querulousness. Pathologic litigiousness is characterized by a larger constitution personality predisposition, lesser situational dependence and possibility of psychopathologic classification of querulous manifestations. An excessive intensity and length of querulousness, as related to the objective value of the psychogenesis, the more pronounced trend to litigiousness manifestations, progressive loss of their relation to situational cues, aggressive traits in behavior, are all characteristic of litigious-paranoid disorders. These and other features of litigious-paranoid disorders can be used as differential diagnostic factors in differentiating between pathologic and nonpathologic querulousness. PMID- 3223170 TI - [Lipid peroxidation in emotional stress and neurotic disorders]. AB - Lipid peroxidation in biological membranes was studied in healthy individuals under emotional stress and in patients with neurosis. The plasma levels of malonic dialdehyde (one of the end products of peroxidation) directly correlated with the severity of emotional stress. Patients with neurotic disturbances showed activation of peroxidation expressed in increase of its initial and end products and decreased levels of alpha-tocopherol. A relationship has been found between clinical characteristics of patients and intensity of the studied biological processes. A conclusion is drawn about the involvement of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenetic chain responsible for the development of neurotic symptom complex. PMID- 3223171 TI - [Influence of retinal basement membrane on growth of nerve fiber from retinal explant of chick embryo]. PMID- 3223172 TI - [Effects of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha on plasminogen activator activity in rat granulosa cells]. PMID- 3223173 TI - [Effect of gossypol acetate on the testicular HCG reactivity and its receptor in the rats]. PMID- 3223174 TI - [Culture of human thymic epithelial cells and their secretory products]. PMID- 3223175 TI - Synthesis of insulin-like growth factor-II by embryonal carcinoma cell-derived differentiated cells. PMID- 3223176 TI - [Effects of monoclonal antibodies to junctional protein on development of lens in chicken embryo]. PMID- 3223177 TI - [Long-term follow-up after Kaunitz repair of hiatal hernia]. AB - Kaunitz-procedure for gastro-oesophageal reflux. Between May '74 and May '86 we performed 121 Kaunitz-procedures for gastro-oesophageal reflux, mostly with oesofagitis. Follow-up was obtained in 120 of these 121 patients. The mean follow up is 55 months and the mean age 49.5 years at the time of operation. Of these patients 103 were completely free of reflux-symptoms after the operation while 6 patients had apparent amelioration of their symptoms. In 7 patients we obtained no subjective improvement but in 4 of them the oesofagitis, which they had preoperatively, has disappeared. 4 patients were reoperated because of anatomical recurrence. The results can be considered as good or excellent in 94% of the patients. The Kaunitz procedure is a simple and efficient operative technique in patients with hiatus hernia and reflux. PMID- 3223178 TI - Gastric rupture from blunt abdominal trauma. AB - Diagnosis, surgical management and complications of gastric rupture from blunt abdominal trauma are reviewed. The diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical examination, to which peritoneal lavage is a valuable aid. Early surgery with a two layer suture technique and extensive peritoneal irrigation are emphasized. PMID- 3223179 TI - Gallstone pancreatitis in adolescents. AB - Two female adolescents, 16 and 18 years of age respectively, had to be operated for gallstone pancreatitis. They represented 2.2% of all patients with this disorder, admitted from 1978 to 1987 in our department. In one patient cholelithiasis was associated with obesity, in the other there was a positive family history of gallstones. Congenital anomalies of the biliary tract, hemolytic disorders, early pregnancy and other predisposing factors were absent. Although unfrequent, gallstone pancreatitis is a serious cause of acute abdominal distress in adolescents which can lead to severe morbidity. Adequate biliary tract surgery is curative. PMID- 3223180 TI - [Partial surgery for glottal carcinoma. Therapeutic approach and outcome]. AB - Partial laryngectomy for glottic carcinoma. The authors report their first results on 63 patients who underwent a partial laryngectomy for glottic carcinoma from 1980 to 1986. The global three years survival rate is 70%. The selected operations are the cordectomy, the fronto-lateral laryngectomy according to Leroux-Robert, the reconstructive near total laryngectomy according to Tucker, the reconstructive subtotal laryngectomy according to Majer-Piquet and Labayle. On the occasion of this paper, a scale is presented for the appreciation of the obtained functional results as for the three laryngeal functions: the breathing, the swallowing and the phonation. The mean time before the tracheal tube removal indicating the recovery of these three functions ranges from 5 days for the cordectomy which is the simplest operation to 38 days for the reconstructive subtotal laryngectomy according to Labayle which is the heaviest. Only one serious post-operative complication is noted for the 63 patients. It is a death following a coma after laryngeal oedema. A partial laryngectomy is possible after radiotherapy provided the rules according to Biller and Croll were respected. PMID- 3223181 TI - [Value of echography and fine needle biopsy for diagnosis of thyroid nodules]. AB - Value of ultrasonography and fine needle biopsy for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. From 1/1/1986 to 31/7/1987, thirty patients with a nodular disease of the thyroid (14 solitary nodules, 9 multiple nodules, 5 colloid cysts, 2 carcinomas) were included in a controlled prospective study using clinical examination, scintigraphy, sonography and fine needle biopsy of the gland. All the patients were operated on and the specimens were submitted to pathological examination. It is shown that palpation is not able to provide an accurate evaluation of the consistancy and number of nodules. The images derived from the scintiscans were not very helpful for discerning a possible malignancy. Sonography was revealed as a fiable method of investigation (21 nodules discovered on a total of 25) allowing to find discrete lesions of 0.5 cm diameter, and also fluid collections with a high resolution rate. Needle biopsy is very useful in diagnostic studies specially for screening of remote malignant lesions with an excellent accuracy approaching 95%. Although considerable progress has been made through these methods of study, a final diagnosis about a solitary solid nodule will always need a surgical exploration to be sure to exclude the risks of an occult carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 3223182 TI - [Specific problems in the management of segmental fractures of the tibial shaft]. AB - Specific problems in the treatment of the segmental fracture of the tibial shaft. The management, the postoperative problems and the functional results of 40 patients with 41 segmental fractures of the tibial shaft were reviewed. 63.4% of the fractures were open and 75% of the patients had one or more associated lesions. All fractures were treated operatively: 23 (56.1%) with a single or double plate osteosynthesis and 18 (43.9%) with an external fixator. 37 fractures could be followed-up until bony consolidation. The postoperative problems of each stabilization method are discussed. A pseudarthrosis is seen in 18.9% and a deep infection in 10.8% of the patients. A good functional result could be obtained in 78.4%. The segmental fracture of the tibial shaft is connected with specific biomechanical and fracture healing problems. The vascularization of the intermediate fragment is severely disturbed by the trauma itself and may surely not be endangered secondarily by the operative procedure. PMID- 3223183 TI - Morphological aspects of the aortofemoral graft thrombosis. AB - Sixty seven patients underwent aorto-femoral double velour grafting for aortoiliac occlusive disease and 38 patients were treated for recurrent lower limb ischemia following aortofemoral grafting. Apart from various clinical examinations the patients underwent angiography as well as the morphological investigation of specimens obtained from abdominal aortae, common femoral arteries and from grafts implanted into the aorto-femoral section. The examinations showed that diffuse intimal thickening may, in the course of atherosclerosis, convert itself into uncomplicated fibrous and further into complicated plaques impairing mainly graft outflow. The drawbacks of grafts are: 1) persistens of fibrin deposits on the luminal surface of the prosthesis which may contribute to thrombosis development, 2) appearance of foci or bands of hyalinized connective tissue causing the stiffening of the graft, 3) development of lesions resembling atheromatous changes at the anastomotic areas and, 4) anastomotic hyperplasia which may contribute to stenosis at the femoral implantation site. PMID- 3223184 TI - [The vascular surgical patient: problems in the management of coronary and cerebrovascular risk]. AB - Peripheral vascular surgery: Myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents. Vascular surgery carries a high perioperative mortality and the postoperative survival of these patients is rather compromised. Myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents are the leading causes in at least 50% of the deaths. One hundred-six vascular patients were preoperatively systematically screened for cardiac and carotid risks. Preoperative knowledge and correction of these risk factors can improve the perioperative mortality rate of vascular surgery and prolong the postoperative survival of these patients. PMID- 3223185 TI - Small bowel transplantation; a field of intensive research. PMID- 3223186 TI - [Successful resuscitation by extracorporeal circulation after fibrillation during vascular reconstruction]. AB - Extracorporeal circulation (EC) for reanimation of refractory cardiac fibrillation during vascular surgery. The fibrillation occurred shortly after induction of anesthesia but no specific medication could be incriminated. Postoperative morbidity was significant but the patient eventually made a successful recovery. Use of EC proved lifesaving after all conventional reanimatory measures were unsuccessful. PMID- 3223187 TI - Plasma and serum viscosity in Nigerian diabetics. AB - Relative plasma (RPV) and serum (RSV) viscosities were determined in 71 Nigerian diabetics, with and without hypertension, and compared with an age and sex matched normotensive non-diabetic control group. Viscosity was measured by a simple capillary viscometer. RPV and RSV were statistically significantly raised in diabetics compared with controls (p less than 0.001). RPV was 5.03% and RSV was 4.82% higher than non-diabetic values. There was no significant difference in either RPV or RSV due to sex. Also, no relation of RPV or RSV to age, duration of diabetes or type of treatment was identified. Plasma fibrinogen concentration correlated positively and significantly (r = 0.46; p less than 0.001) with RPV. However, whereas a significant rise was observed for total serum protein, albumin (p less than 0.001) and serum globulin concentrations (p less than 0.005), only the gamma-globulin fraction correlated significantly with RSV (r = 0.27; p less than 0.05). RPV was significantly raised in hypertensive diabetics compared with normotensive diabetics (p less than 0.02) but there was no significant difference in RSV of diabetics attributable to hypertension. Our findings show that fibrinogen predominantly contributes to the increased plasma viscosity while the gamma-globulin made the greatest contribution to serum viscosity in Nigerian diabetics. We suggest that abnormally raised plasma and serum viscosities, by contributing to disturbances in normal blood flow and metabolism, may play an essential role in the development of both micro-circulatory disorders and hypertension in some Nigerian diabetics. PMID- 3223188 TI - Personality examinations in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Assessment of the question of the 'diabetic personality' in the literature is not completely unambiguous. For the first time in Hungary, personality examinations were performed in 53 young (average age 24.9 years) insulin-dependent patients; 20 young patients with ulcers served as controls. Three different psychological tests were carried out, and data were also obtained on the treatment, knowledge concerning the disease and way of life by means of questionnaires and interviews. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that there is no special 'diabetic personality'. Psycho-emotional factors exert an influence in all stages of the disease, in exactly the same way as in subjects with other chronic diseases. The need is emphasized for individual psychotherapy. PMID- 3223189 TI - Dietetic supplementation with branched chain amino acids attenuates the severity of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. AB - Previous studies showed that the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin is reduced in rats adapted to a high-protein, carbohydrate-free diet, that have markedly elevated plasma concentrations of valine, leucine and isoleucine. In order to test the role of these branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in the beneficial effects of the high-protein diets, rats adapted (15 days) either to a balanced synthetic diet, or to the same diet supplemented with BCAA were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg body weight) and maintained on the same diets after drug injection. Rats previously fed the BCAA enriched diet showed a partial but significant reduction in the severity of diabetes, as indicated by higher rates of body weight gain, lower food and water intake, lower excretion of glucose and higher serum insulin levels. Rats previously fed the control diet for 14 days, but transferred to the BCAA diet 3 days after STZ injection, also showed reduced severity of diabetes, as indicated by rates of body weight gain, water and food ingestion, glucose and insulin levels. The data suggest that the increased supply of BCAA is responsible, at least in part, for the previously reported beneficial effects of high-protein diets in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. PMID- 3223190 TI - Metabolic control affects plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in women, but not in men, with IDDM. AB - In order to evaluate if in insulin-dependent diabetes lipid and apolipoprotein levels are differently affected by metabolic control in men and women, we measured the concentrations of fasting plasma glucose, mean plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins A and B in 94 sex matched patients. Diabetic men and women were strictly comparable as far as age, relative body weight and metabolic control were concerned. In women, total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein A correlated positively with HbA1 but not with fasting and mean plasma glucose. In men, no correlation between metabolic control and lipid and apolipoprotein levels was found. We conclude that, in diabetic women, the degree of metabolic control may affect the concentrations of plasma lipids, thus explaining, at least in part, the increased risk for coronary atherosclerosis in these patients. PMID- 3223191 TI - The effects of muscular exercise on glucose, free fatty acids, alanine and lactate in type I diabetic subjects in relation to metabolic control. AB - Metabolic effects of muscular exercise were studied in eleven subjects with type I diabetes mellitus during poor metabolic control, and again during good metabolic control, and in ten healthy control subjects. All the subjects were submitted to a submaximal gradual triangular test on an electrically braked bicycle ergometer; glucose, FFA, alanine and lactate were measured at rest, and after exercise. In poorly controlled patients, glucose and FFA were unchanged after exercise, whereas blood alanine and lactate increased by a percentage similar to that of the controls, and well-controlled diabetic patients. Baseline alanine concentrations were lower and lactate concentrations higher than in the controls and well-controlled patients. After adequate metabolic control was achieved, in the well-controlled diabetic patients a normalization of pre exercise alanine and lactate levels and a decrease in blood glucose and FFA after exercise was observed. PMID- 3223193 TI - Drug addiction and pregnancy: a different perspective. PMID- 3223192 TI - Calcium homeostasis in prepubertal diabetic children. AB - Many authors have described abnormalities of calcium homeostasis in type I diabetes mellitus, but data in the literature are conflicting. Consequently we studied calcium, phosphorus and magnesium (in serum and urine), parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels in 21 prepubertal diabetic patients and in 21 sex- and age-matched controls. We did not find any significant difference of all the aforementioned parameters between diabetics and controls. Also the value of 25-OHD was similar in diabetic and healthy subjects (24.33 +/- 6.04 vs 22.09 +/- 5.01 ng/ml). The results suggest that the principal parameters of calcium metabolism are normal in prepubertal diabetic children. PMID- 3223194 TI - Direct intraperitoneal insemination (DIPI) for the treatment of refractory infertility unrelated to female organic pelvic disease. AB - 344 couples with infertility unrelated to female organic pelvic disease underwent Direct Intraperitoneal Insemination (DIPI) for a total of a 429 DIPI cycles. Pregnancy per couple was 16.5% and per DIPI cycle 13.2%. DIPI was particularly effective in cases of infertility due to cervical mucus insufficiency and unexplained infertility with results respectively of 33.7% and 30.4% per couple and 30.7% and 28.7% per DIPI cycle. On the contrary, the results regarding male subfertility were 12.5% per couple and 10.5% per DIPI cycle. A significant difference was found (X2 A = 16.48, p less than 0.001) between these results and those of the group composed of cases of cervical mucus insufficiency and unexplained infertility. In cases of antisperm iso- and autoimmunization the results were on the whole poor, and were in any case influenced by corticosteroid pretreatment. The Pellet Swim-up Test (PST) proved to be a good prognostic sign for success of DIPI, since a significant difference was found between the PST group greater than or equal to 1.5 X 10(6)/ml (pregnancy per couple was 19.7% and per DIPI cycle 17.2%) and PST group less than 1.5 X 10(6)/ml (pregnancy per couple was 6.8% and per DIPI cycle was 4.5%) (X2 = 11.4. P less than 0.001). PMID- 3223195 TI - Seminal tract inflammation and male infertility. Correlations between leukospermia and clinical history, prostatic cytology, conventional semen parameters, sperm viability and seminal plasma protein composition. AB - A retrospective clinical evaluation of various types of semen analyses from infertile couples attending our Infertility Clinic was undertaken with the scope of studying the possible correlation between seminal inflammation and infertility. The parameters considered were leukospermia (severe, slight, constant or non-constant), clinical history (anamnestic data possibly inferring inflammation), conventional semen parameters, sperm viability (as assessed by capillary tube in vitro penetration test) and seminal plasma proteins patterns (SDS-PAGE). History data such as dysuria, urinary infection, cystitis symptoms and hematospermia were found to be significantly more frequent in infertile men with than in those without leukospermia. Leukospermia in itself did not seem to affect the conventional semen parameters such as total sperm count, motility (at 45 and 180 min) and/or morphology. The seminal volume could represent an exception to this rule. Furthermore, leukospermia did significantly affect sperm viability as evaluated by the capillary tube penetration test. Leukospermia was also significantly coupled to alterations of the seminal plasma protein composition (increase of the albumin concentration, decrease of prostatic markers and other anomalies). PMID- 3223196 TI - Hysterosalpingographic abnormalities in infertile women: radiological and clinical interpretation. AB - A review of 1035 hysterosalpingographies (HSG) has shown a frequency of acquired and congenital morphological alteration in 272 patients with spontaneous abortion and in 763 infertile couples. The frequency of congenital anomalies was 25.5% in spontaneous abortions and 5.3% in infertility. Acquired morphological anomalies were 11.7% in spontaneous abortion and 34.6% in infertility. Tubal problems represent 25% of lesions in infertility. Furthermore couples have been studied by correlating the male factor i.e. the sperm quality to various types of morphological anomalies observed in order to better evaluate the actual damage evidence by HSG. PMID- 3223197 TI - [Erosive petechial gastritis]. AB - We studied 20 patients in which a variety of erosive gastritis is described. We named it petechial erosive gastritis. We have to bring up that its sequence is due to the presence of the petechiae in the center of the mucosal area. Then in degrees of higher intensity erosions occur also at the center of the area mucosa. Occasionally the erosions meet, become larger and may bleed. An endoscopic classification of petechial erosive gastritis is established it rates mild, moderate, severe and hemorrhagic degrees. Even if the histopathologic study does not keep a strict correspondence with the severity of endoscopic observation of the lesions, it is possible to separate easily a petechial stage from an erosive stage. Demonstration of these lesions at their sequence from petechial to bleeding erosion constitutes an important contribution to the study of acute gastric lesions and it might open a way to a better study of the alterations of the irrigation of the gastric mucosa and the etiology of erosive lesions and acute ulcer. PMID- 3223198 TI - [Esophageal motility dysfunction and radioisotopes. Its modification with a calcium channel blocker]. AB - We described the esophageal radionuclide transit (ERT) of a liquid bolus through 5 areas in pharynx, esophagus (3 levels) and gastric fundus before and after the administration of 30 mg of sublingual nifedipine, in 8 normal individuals and 13 patients with different esophageal motor disturbances. The controls and patients were previously studied by esophageal manometry (EM). The results in control individuals were as follows: 1) the total transit time (TTT) was 11.85 +/- 1.13 sec, 2) the time of beginning of gastric filling (GF) was 3.99 +/- 0.65 sec, 3) the residual activity (RA) was 9.53 +/- 4.64%, 4) nifedipine showed a statistically significant increase of the RA. The ERT detected 100% of the achalasic patients with a TTT that was not greater than 40 seconds and a delayed GF. In the classic achalasia patients nifedipine did not produce significant modifications in the ERT. The only case of vigorous achalasia studied showed an adynamic pattern with activity in peaks which improved after the administration of nifedipine. One of the nutcracker esophagus showed a pattern of sequential peaks with a similar response to nifedipine. The sensitivity of the method was 100%, nifedipine seems to be useful in the sense that improves the esophageal transit. Since the ERT as a non-invasive method and has a 100% sensitivity, we propose it as a step previous to EM in the study of esophageal motor disorders. PMID- 3223199 TI - [Outpatient sclerotherapy of esophageal varices: preliminary results]. AB - We performed endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices (ESEV) as an outpatient procedure in a private setting in patients with portal hypertension and a least one previous episode of variceal hemorrhage. Twenty-six stable cirrhotic patients (child's class A, 11 patients; class B, 10 patients; class C, 5 patients) underwent 103 outpatient sessions of ESEV. There were two episodes of post-sclerotherapy bleeding (1.9% of total sessions) requiring hospitalisation. Fever (2.9%), dysphagia (6.8%), chest pains (14.6%) and one episode (1%) of respiratory depression due to sedation were also noted, but were managed with simple measures. One of 26 patients developed esophageal stricture. These preliminary results suggest that ESEV can be performed as a relatively safe ambulatory procedure. PMID- 3223200 TI - [Primary lymphoma of the small bowel and malabsorption]. AB - Between 1974 and 1984 we saw 69 patients with lymphoma that involved the gastrointestinal tract. In ten patients the lymphoma compromised the small bowel and were associated to malabsorption. Seven patients fulfilled the criteria to be considered as primary small bowel lymphoma. We presumed the intestinal origin in the other 3 patients, but it was impossible to confirm it. The peroral small bowel biopsy showed histological findings compatible with celiac disease in 7 patients. Other particular histological signs were patchy alterations, inconstant epithelial pseudo-stratification and ulcerations. In 2 cases we found findings that suggested the diagnosis of lymphoma. In 50% of patients we found unspecific malabsorption signs in the small bowel radiology. We found giant ulcers and stenosis too. The gluten-free diet or the steroid therapies resulted in temporary or inconstant improvement. The laparotomy was the most effective diagnostic approach. It was performed electively in 6 patients and in 1 because of a small bowel perforation. The primary small bowel lymphoma is an entity of difficult diagnosis. The most important trouble is to differentiate it with celiac disease. PMID- 3223201 TI - [Cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas]. AB - In the past 28 years 298 pancreatic tumors have been observed, out of which 2% (6 cases) were cystadenomas and 1.3% (4 cases) were cystadenocarcinomas. Cystadenomas appear around the 6th decade of life, what constitutes an argument against its congenital origin. They are more frequent in woman (2 to 1). The histopathologic differentiation of the mucinous cystic neoplasma often forming papillae of the serous cystadenoma is useful because those are likely to become malignant. Association of pancreatic cystadenomas with different pathologies (biliary lithiasis, cancer of a different location, cysts in other organs, diabetes) has been observed, but these would be mere coincidences. Cystadenomas are frequently operative findings (3 cases) in patients who had been operated on for different reasons, but they may have different symptoms, mainly pain and a abdominal mass. Visual method of diagnosis are useful in preoperative diagnosis. In cystic formations of the pancreas with surgical possibilities, operative biopsy a must be preferred to that one obtained by means of pre-operating needle puncture. Surgical resection is the method to be chosen, either enucleation (1 case) or pancreatectomy (3 cases), being more important in mucinous cystadenoma because they may become malignant. Cystadenocarcinomas are not so frequent and seem to originate in benign cystadenomas. Palpable tumors, compression signs and pain are the late clinical manifestations. The resection is the treatment to be chosen although the most cases are unresectable. An external drainage is not a satisfactory operation but it sometimes helps to lessen the symptoms, and sometimes its posterior resection was possible. PMID- 3223203 TI - [Validity of the study of gastric secretions]. PMID- 3223202 TI - [Pancreatic injuries. Our approach]. AB - 1) The results over 19 patients with pancreatic trauma are presented. 2) Pancreatic injuries are classified into the following categories: a) contusion; b) hematoma; c) transection of the body or the head of the pancreas, with or without Wirsung injury; d) crackling and e) chief lesion. 3) The mortality rate was 26.3% and 80% in combined pancreatic (with ductal involvement) and duodenal injuries. The morbidity rate was 52.6%. 4) The diagnosis and operative treatment are discussed. PMID- 3223205 TI - Twin research. PMID- 3223204 TI - The Northwestern University Twin Study. V: Twin deliveries at Prentice Women's Hospital and Maternity Center, 1978-83. AB - Two hundred fifty-one twin deliveries between January 1, 1978 and June 30, 1983 at Prentice Women's Hospital and Maternity Center were reviewed. Cases were excluded if birth weight was less than 500 g, if gestational age was less than 26 weeks or if an antenatal fetal demise had occurred. Maternal demographic characteristics, delivery data and infant characteristics are described. The effect of providing care to a high-risk population of mothers in whom approximately 60% either deliver their infants preterm or with a birth weight of less than 2,500 g is discussed in terms of costs of care. PMID- 3223206 TI - Mode of delivery in multiple birth of higher order. AB - A retrospective review of triplets delivered at a Boston perinatal center from 1977 to 1986 was performed. Comparison was made between this group (study group) and previously published data on triplets in our institution (control group). Since 1977 there was a more liberal use of abdominal delivery. Cesarean sections (CS) of all triplets with malpresentation was our protocol. Of the 15 sets of triplet pregnancies in the study group, 11 were delivered by CS and 4 by vaginal delivery, vs only 1 CS in the control group which consisted also of 15 triplets. The corrected mortality rate in the study group was lower than in the control group (2.6% vs 7.1%) but did not reach statistical significance. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were significantly higher in the study group (P less than 0.002). Apgar scores for the third triplet were also higher in the study group (P less than 0.05). In comparing the combined mortality and morbidity between the study group and the control group, no difference was found in the first triplet, but those of the second and third triplets were significantly lower in the study group. Of interest is the finding that the combined mortality and morbidity was not different statistically among the first, second, and third triplets in the study group, while in the control group an increase from the first to the third triplet was noted (21%, 31%, and 43%, respectively). A more liberal approach toward abdominal delivery of pregnancies of higher fetal number is advocated. PMID- 3223207 TI - The European Multiple Birth Study (EMBS). AB - The more that twin and other multiple pregnancies are investigated, the more it becomes mandatory that collaborative studies are set up in order to attain the critical number of cases needed to achieve meaningful and reliable results. The European Multiple Birth Study (EMBS) aims to study two aspects of twin and multiple pregnancy: 1) management of pregnancy and labour, with emphasis on the prevention of preterm delivery; 2) accurate determination of zygosity, a prerequisite for the proper use of the twin method in a variety of fields, eg, congenital malformations, genetics, clinical investigations, etc. The rationale, the methods and the organisation of the study are described and discussed. PMID- 3223208 TI - Is the quality of care in twins and in singletons related? AB - We investigated if it is possible to use the data collected in twins to identify areas with high rates of operative deliveries, preterm deliveries and low birthweight infants in singletons. Our data correspond to all deliveries registered in Belgium in 1983. A significant correlation was found between the rates of cesarean sections in twins and in singletons. A significant correlation was also found between the rate of deliveries at a gestational age of less than 32 weeks in twins and the rate of deliveries at less than 37 weeks in singletons. However, correlations between other preterm rates, low birthweight rates and vacuum extraction or forceps rates, were nonsignificant. We conclude that the use of twins as tracers of the quality of care in singletons is of limited value. PMID- 3223210 TI - Perinatal deaths in twin pregnancy: a 22-year review. AB - Changes in the management of 1120 twin pregnancies delivered in Tampere University Central Hospital during the years 1964-1985 were studied, together with changes in the pattern of perinatal deaths. Perinatal mortality decreased from 7.4% in 1964-68 to 3.5% in 1981-85. There were no significant changes in stillbirths. The decrease of perinatal mortality resulted from a reduction in early neonatal deaths, mainly those due to respiratory distress syndrome. Changes in obstetric management include earlier diagnosis by ultrasound, intrapartum monitoring, and an increase in cesarean section rate from 4% to 32%. There is still a need for a reduction in the number of very early preterm births, and for more effective intrauterine supervision of twin pregnancies. PMID- 3223209 TI - On the cause of the retardation of fetal growth in multiple gestations. AB - The birthweights and placental weights of 3000 singletons, 1500 twin pairs and 67 triplets are studied in relation to the gestational age. From 30-32 weeks onwards, newborns of twin- and triplet gestation show lower birthweight as compared to singleton newborns. Placental indices (placental weights related to birthweights) are about alike in singletons, twins and triplets. From about 24 weeks onwards placental weights of twin and triplet newborns are smaller as compared to those of singletons. Obviously, children in multiple gestations become growth retarded, preceded by and very likely due to poor early placental development (placental crowding of the uterus). PMID- 3223211 TI - The Northwestern University Triplet Study. III: Neonatal outcome. AB - Limited data suggest that cesarean section (CS) may be the preferred method of delivery for triplets. Despite this, it is also felt that the third triplet is at great risk at delivery. We reviewed our experience of 14 triplet pregnancies at Northwestern University between 1981 and 1985. All deliveries were attended by neonatal teams in sufficient number to resuscitate each infant. Of the 14 pregnancies, two ended in previable loss. Thirty-six infants were born from 12 pregnancies of a mean gestational age of 33 weeks (28-38 weeks). The overall survival was 97.3%. Two women delivered vaginally. While the first was successful, the second resulted in vaginal delivery of the first two triplets followed by emergency CS for the third. That infant had a cord blood pH of 6.96 (BE-19), was resuscitated and survived. All 10 CS were successful. The mean cord blood gas tensions and pH were normal. In addition, Apgar scores, the requirement for mechanical ventilation or supplemental oxygen, and mortality did not differ between the first and third-born triplet. These observations suggest that CS was beneficial. Our very low mortality rate supports the concept that CS delivery and aggressive neonatal resuscitation and therapy greatly enhances survival. PMID- 3223212 TI - Early developmental progress of preterm twins discordant for birthweight and risk. AB - Studies of developmental progress in high-risk twins have disparate findings. In this study, we report the outcome of 45 twin pairs born between 26 and 37 weeks gestation, and whose birthweights ranged from 840 to 2000 g. No significant differences were found for weight, risk and birth order. However, earlier preterm infants were found to have significantly lower mental scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 24 months, and lower IQ scores on the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale at 36 months. These findings imply that gestational age is a powerful variable in determining developmental outcome. PMID- 3223213 TI - [Induction of differentiation of Shay granulocytic sarcoma cells]. PMID- 3223214 TI - [Analysis of the c-fms gene in hematopoietic neoplasia with changes of chromosome 5]. PMID- 3223215 TI - [Megakaryocytes in peripheral blood--studies on normal subjects and patients with various blood diseases]. PMID- 3223216 TI - [The inhibitory effects of histidine-rich glycoprotein on the anticoagulant activity of heparin]. PMID- 3223217 TI - [Preparation of platelet GP IIb/IIIa complex monoclonal antibody and its clinical application]. PMID- 3223218 TI - [Studies on tissue factor generation of cultured human vascular endothelial cells]. PMID- 3223219 TI - [Endothelial glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-like protein is functionally and antigenically different from platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa]. PMID- 3223220 TI - [The acute hemorheologic effect of calcium dobesilate]. AB - In a series 40 subjects without manifest vascular disorders received 1000 mg Calcium dobesilate (Doxium). Before and 3 hours after application the viscoelasticity of whole blood as well as plasma viscosity and the hematocrit were determined. The statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon-test. The viscosity of whole blood and the hematocrit decreased with a significance of p less than or equal to 0.001, whereas the elasticity decreased in a significance manner of p less than or equal to 0.01. Plasma viscosity remained uncharged. The results show an effect of hemodilution, which could be very important for treatment of hyperviscosity. PMID- 3223221 TI - [Plasma catecholamine level in diagnostic heart catheterization studies]. AB - Plasma catecholamine levels were obtained during diagnostic heart catheterization from pulmonary artery and aorta before and after injection of contrast medium in 31 patients with coronary heart disease and in 18 normals. The most striking difference between both groups is a significant decline of norepinephrine concentration in aortas after injection of contrast medium in the normals (from 296 +/- 24 [mean +/- SEM] to 225 +/- 21 pg/ml [p less than 0.01]) and no change in patients with coronary heart disease. The cause seems to be rather increased elimination than a decrease of secretion of norepinephrine. Adrenalin shows only partially similar results. Further studies will have to show, what could be the reason for these different reactions of catecholamine level in normals and in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 3223222 TI - Sialyltransferase activity in erythrocyte membranes and serum in patients with myotonic dystrophy. AB - Sialyltransferase activity was measured in erythrocyte membranes and in serum in patients with myotonic dystrophy and in matched healthy controls. The reason for assaying this enzyme was to study a possible mechanism behind a previously reported deficiency of glycoprotein-bound sialic acid in the erythrocyte membrane in patients with this disease. No significant differences in sialyltransferase activity with endogenous or different exogenous glycoprotein acceptors were found. PMID- 3223223 TI - Localized CNS brucellosis: report of 7 cases. AB - Seven patients with brucellar infection localized in the central nervous system (CNS) are reported. This series represent 3.5% of all brucellosis cases in our hospital. There was a conspicuous absence of systemic signs and symptoms. The clinical course was characteristically protracted. Meningitis (acute, chronic, transient and recurrent) and progressive myeloradiculopathy were the 2 clinical patterns. Cranial nerve neuropathy was frequent, eight nerve involvement being present in 4 cases; transitory ischemic attacks and subarachnoid haemorrhage occurred in 2. Routine laboratory determinations were negative or non-specific. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings included hypoglycorrhachia, lymphocytic pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrhachia. There was also a remarkable increase in the gamma-globulin and IgG values with morphology of oligoclonal bands in CSF electrophoresis. Brucella agglutination titers were low or absent in serum and/or CSF. By contrast, Coombs tests were always positive and higher titers were found in serum and CSF. After treatment a persistent CSF positive Coombs test at low titers together with an isolated increase in CSF gamma-globulin and IgG values were detected in cured patients. Brucella blood cultures were negative, but CSF cultures were positive in four cases. Rifampin and doxycycline seems to be the treatment of choice. These agents must be maintained at least for 4 months in order to avoid relapses. Corticosteroids may be helpful at the beginning of treatment. Outcome is generally favourable in this disorder. We conclude that clinical and biological characteristics of localized CNS brucellosis are in accordance with those already described in other types of localized brucellosis. PMID- 3223224 TI - Central motor conduction in cerebrovascular disease and motor neuron disease. AB - Conduction in the central motor pathways was studied in 9 patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD), 13 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 3 with spinal progressive muscular atrophy (SPMA). Motor responses evoked in the limb by cortical, cervical and lumbar stimulations were recorded. The central conduction time (CCT) was calculated for each muscle. In patients with CVD, responses to cortical stimulation were unobtainable or delayed in the paretic limb muscles. In patients with ALS the abnormality of central motor conduction had significant correlation with the extensor plantar response. The CCTs were normal in patients with SPMA. This technique demonstrated a subclinical lesion in some patients. We conclude that the new technique of examining motor conduction along the corticospinal tract may be useful to detect a subclinical lesion in the corticospinal tract. PMID- 3223225 TI - Age distribution of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. AB - The age distribution is given of 79 cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy confirmed as JC virus infection. The data are compared with a published age distribution of multiple sclerosis onset in Vestfold County, Norway, and with published data from Rochester, Minnesota of the age distribution of viral encephalitis. In contrast to viral encephalitis, 61% of which occurs in children under the age of 10, PML has been identified only once in this age group. PML, like MS, is a disease of adult onset, peaking in the sixth decade of life. The reason for this late onset of a CNS disease caused by a ubiquitous childhood infection is still uncertain, but it may be related to maturation of susceptible cells in the brain, as well as to declining immunity associated with chronic disease and age. PMID- 3223226 TI - Multiple sclerosis and birth order. AB - The relation between birth order and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) was studied among MS patients in Israel. The evaluation was both by case-control study and comparison of expected and observed birth order in Israel-born patients. Results showed an excess of first-born and a low birth order among MS patients. Conversely, in MS patients born abroad but who developed the disease in Israel, MS was connected with an excess of last-born and high birth order. These contradictory results could not be explained by bias of case selection, difference in age, or changes in family size with time, and could indicate that different etiological factors are responsible for MS in distinct populations. PMID- 3223227 TI - Neurological disorders and phytanic acid metabolism. AB - Fifty patients with neurological symptoms and signs resembling those of Refsum's disease were analyzed for phytanic acid in serum. In addition, the phytanic acid oxidase capacity in skin fibroblasts was determined. The patients suffered from retinitis pigmentosa, cerebellar ataxia and/or chronic polyneuropathy of unknown cause. The serum level of phytanic acid was not increased, and the alpha oxidation of (1-14C) phytanic acid was found to be normal in all patients. The present investigation lends no support to the theory that so-called atypical or mild cases of Refsum's disease exist. This disorder appears to be a disease entity with a specific genetic phenotype. PMID- 3223228 TI - Comparison between electric evoked potentials, source dipole components and magnetic evoked fields elicited by noise/square-wave stimuli. AB - The aim of this study was to compare auditory evoked electric potentials (AEPs), source dipole components calculated from AEPs, and auditory evoked magnetic fields (AEFs). Noise/square-wave stimuli were presented either to the left or to the right ear. AEPs were measured from scalp electrodes on a coronal plane and AEFs were recorded over frontotemporal regions of both hemispheres. An increase of the ISI from 2 to 4-6 s did not change the scalp topography of AEPs nor the ratio of the tangential and radial source components. The 100-ms deflections of AEFs were higher in amplitude and shorter in latency to contra- than ipsilateral stimuli; a similar behaviour was seen in the tangential source components of AEPs. The similarity of the tangential components and the magnetic responses suggests that the method to calculate source dipole components can be useful in differentiating between the hemispheric differences in the activation of the auditory cortices and in discerning the tangential and the radial sources. PMID- 3223229 TI - Clozapine treatment of drug-induced psychotic symptoms in late stages of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3223230 TI - Validity of Flick sign in CTS diagnosis. PMID- 3223231 TI - Reduced prealbumin (transthyretin) in CSF of severely demented patients with Alzheimer's disease. AB - Prealbumin (transthyretin) quantified in CSF was negatively correlated with degree of dementia in 24 patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT). There was neither a significant correlation between prealbumin in serum and degree of dementia nor between prealbumin in CSF and number of T lymphocytes in serum. There was no such relationship in 7 patients with multi-infarct dementia. Prealbumin was also quantified in 4 non-demented control groups, one consisting of 14 age- and sex-matched neurological patients, 17 with MS, 6 with ALS and 10 patients who had had a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prealbumin was significantly lower in the last group. The study suggests that there may be a relationship between prealbumin levels in cerebrospinal fluid and degree of dementia. It is suggested that this may be caused by affection of the choroid plexus. PMID- 3223232 TI - Methodological analysis of an experimental spinal cord compression model in the rat. AB - A technique for producing graded spinal cord compression injuries in rats is described. A metal plate 2.2 x 5.0 mm in size is applied to the exposed spinal dura and loaded with weights. Neurological function is tested postoperatively on an inclined plane. Reading of the maximal angle of rat performance on this plane was found reproducible on comparison between different observers. Laminectomy per se had a minimal effect on the performance. Compression of 35 g for 5 min caused a pronounced but incomplete injury, with almost total recovery within 14 days and with no difference between animals on artificial respiration and those breathing spontaneously. Animals whose spine was fixed during the compression had a better outcome than those without such fixation. PMID- 3223233 TI - Spinal cord restitution following compression injuries in rats. AB - Spinal cord compression injuries were produced in rats by applying weights to a plate 2.2 x 50 mm in size, placed on the exposed midthoracic dura covering the spinal cord. The influence of force and duration of compression was studied by using 3 different weights, 20, 35 and 50 g, applied for 1, 5 and 10 min. Postoperative neurological function was tested by the inclined plane method and the rats were observed for 3 weeks. Neurological impairment increased with force and duration of compression. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that patients suffering from spinal cord injury should be investigated immediately for signs of persistent cord compression. If this is present, early decompression might be of value, although nothing is known in man concerning the limits of force and duration of compression permitting postoperative neurological recovery. PMID- 3223234 TI - Alteration of amino acid content of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with epilepsy. AB - The alteration of amino acids content in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 31 cases of epilepsy and 10 cases of headache (as control) was studied using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In patients with epilepsy, it was found that the CSF levels of GABA and aspartic acid had a tendency to decrease, but these changes were not statistically significant. In simple partial seizures, the CSF levels of glutamic acid and glycine also showed a tendency to decrease. The decrease of CSF GABA found in epileptics had a tendency to normalize following treatment with valproic acid. At the same time, administration of valproic acid induced a decrease of aspartic acid in the CSF of epileptics. These results suggest that administration of valproic acid may induce an increase in GABA and a decrease in aspartic acid in the CSF of epileptics. PMID- 3223235 TI - The incidence of intracranial gliomas in southern Finland. AB - 146 intracranial gliomas were found in an epidemiological study of adults in southern Finland 1978-1980. The mean adult population was 896,000 in the study area. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence was 5.6/100,000/year for all gliomas and 4.7 for the histologically verified ones. The incidence was 6.4 for men and 4.9 for women. Of the histologically verified 126 (86%) neoplasms 41 (32%) were glioblastomas, 29 (23%) anaplastic astrocytomas, 30 (24%) benign astrocytomas and 26 (21%) oligodendrogliomas, mixed oligo-astrocytomas, ependymomas, medulloblastomas or gangliogliomas; 20 (14%) were without histological verification. PMID- 3223236 TI - Multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands. IV. The lack of a relationship between canine distemper and the epidemics of MS. AB - Clinical onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) occurred in 32 native resident Faroese between 1943 and 1973, comprising 3 consecutive epidemics of decreasing frequency. Relationship of MS with the appearance of canine distemper (CD) was explored by serologic studies, questionnaires, and veterinarian reports. Tested were sera from 12 MS patients and 112 controls among the 22 patients and 192 controls with questionnaires in 1978-1979. The daily treatment ledgers of the Veterinarian of the Faroes 1940-1961 were also reviewed and additional Faroese interviewed 1987-1988 as to CD. History of CD was determined for residence of all 32 MS. There was no evidence of elevated CD antibody titers in MS vs controls for neutralizing titers or ELISA values, nor to ELISA for measles. In the questionnaires only one patient and 2 of his sibs reported owning (the same) dog(s) with CD during the war. One other patient reported a possibly sick dog but not CD. CD occurred in one southern village 1941-1942, was present on Vagar from 1941-1950, and was epidemic on Streymoy 1944-1945 with scattered cases there and elsewhere through 1950. There was no significant correlation between villages with CD and MS residents. We conclude that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis was not related to the presence of canine distemper or sick dogs in the Faroe Islands. PMID- 3223237 TI - "Pure alexia" without hemianopia or colour anomia. AB - We report a case of "pure alexia" without hemianopia or colour anomia, caused by a small subcortical haematoma in the dorso-lateral part of the occipital lobe, not affecting the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is argued that the reading disorder was due to a visual-verbal disconnection in spite of the fact that this typically is caused by a lesion in the medial part of the left occipital lobe including the splenium. PMID- 3223238 TI - Atherosclerotic carotid disease in asymptomatic individuals: An histological study of 53 cases. AB - The carotid bifurcation was studied histologically in 53 consecutive autopsies from persons over 65 years of age who were asymptomatic for carotid artery disease and showed no carotid related brain infarcts. The autopsy material is considered to be representative for the population in Oslo. The area stenosis was determined morphometrically in histological sections and the cases were examined for the occurrence of atherosclerotic plaques, calcifications, plaque hemorrhages, ulcerations, and mural thrombi. About one half of the cases had more than 50% stenosis. There was increasing frequency of plaque hemorrhages, ulcerations and mural thrombi with increasing stenosis. When the stenosis exceeded 60%, most cases had small recent and old plaque hemorrhages and one half had ulcerations and mural thrombi. In addition, numerous healed ulcerations and organized thrombi were seen. It is concluded that plaque complications are frequent in cases with stenosis and that most of them apparently heal without giving rise to symptoms. The presence of such lesions in asymptomatic cases must therefore be interpreted with caution. PMID- 3223240 TI - Familial recurrent cranial nerve palsies. AB - Family cases of recurrent cranial nerve palsies are seldom reported. This paper presents a family with recurrent facial and ocular nerve palsies in 2 brothers. Their father and his sister had Bell's palsies. Examinations provided no explanation. Six previous reports of families with recurrent cranial nerve palsies are summarized. The pedigrees speak in favour of an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance of predisposing factors. The pathogenetic mechanism might be vascular or autoimmune, but is still unknown. PMID- 3223241 TI - International Symposium on Tonsils. Kyoto, Japan, October 8-9, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3223239 TI - Diagnostic value of quantitative sensory testing (QST) in carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - The initial sensory symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are usually intermittent and the clinical neurological examination is often normal. The aim of the present study was to determine the rate of impairment of different somatosensory modalities in CTS by means of the following tests: vibrametry, tactile pulses, von Frey hairs, two-point discrimination (2-PD), graphesthesia and warm and cold perception thresholds. The material consisted of 33 hands with CTS from 22 patients. Each of the first 3 tests was abnormal with elevated thresholds in 17 CTS hands (52%), 2-PD was abnormal in 10 hands (30%), graphesthesia in 8 hands (24%), and warm and cold thresholds in only 5 hands (15%). There was an overlap so that at least one test was abnormal in 27 of the 33 CTS hands (82%). Thus, impairment of sensibility can be demonstrated in a majority of patients with CTS if more than one test is applied. Vibrametry and von Frey hairs are recommended instead of the commonly used 2-PD, since abnormality was more often revealed and since they are equally easy to apply. No individual test was sensitive enough to qualify as a diagnostic criterion when it was applied with the hand in resting position. A significant increase in both sensitivity and specificity can be expected for any test if it is combined with provocation, such as wrist flexion, as has been demonstrated for vibrametry. PMID- 3223242 TI - Quantitative study on phagocytosis of human tonsillar adherent cells by the flow cytometric and immunocytochemical methods. AB - An in vitro phagocytosis assay of adherent cells of 12 palatine tonsils (7 children's and 5 adults' cases with persistent angina) was performed by use of flow cytometry (FCM), using fluorescent latex particles (FLP). The mean value of the percentages of phagocytic cells in the children's group (81.4%) was higher than that in the adults' group (64.0%). In addition, separate immunocytochemical stainings with each antibody--Anti-Leu-M5, OKDR, OKT6, S-100, and lysozyme--were made on smear preparations of a child's and an adult's tonsillar adherent cells after incubation with FLP. By use of the light microscope, the percentages of phagocytic cells in relation to positive cells for each antibody were calculated. The lysozyme positive cell proved to have the highest percentage of phagocytic cells. Then, the average number of phagocytized FLP in one positive cell for each antibody were calculated. With regard to the lysozyme positive cell, this cell proved to have the highest average number of FLP. PMID- 3223243 TI - DNA synthesis and nucleoside metabolism in human tonsillar lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - High (HD) and low (LD) density cells were separated on 25% BSA gradient from tonsils of 3-6 years old children. Early B lymphocyte markers and sIg-s were found on the surface of 59-82% of the LD cells. This cell population was 5-6 times more active in DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine incorporation, DNA polymerase activity) than the HD cells. The total uptake of 3H-deoxycytidine was about the same as that of 3H-thymidine. As long as practically all thymidine taken up by the cells was immediately incorporated into DNA (90-95%), only 10-15% of deoxycytidine was incorporated into DNA under the same conditions, indicating different pool sizes for the DNA precursors. The majority of deoxycytidine (70%) was converted and incorporated as dTMP. A considerable part of labeled deoxycytidine could be detected in the soluble pool in form of nucleotides (3 8%), and in an unknown form, called substance X (8-14%). Substance X was purified by TL chromatography and identified by HPLC as deoxycytidine containing liponucleotides, probable precursors for plasmamembranes. The preferential utilisation of deoxycytidine for DNA and membrane synthesis in immature B lymphocytes draws the attention to its function in early events of lymphocyte maturation. PMID- 3223244 TI - In vitro synthesis of IgE antibody by human tonsil mononuclear cells. Preliminary report. AB - Using anti-human IgE monoclonal antibody E235I63, an IgE antibody to mite extract response by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and tonsillar lymphoid cells from 3 atopic patients suffering nasal allergy and 2 normal individuals was detected by a sensitive radioimmunoassay of culture supernatants. Although the spontaneous IgE antibody response was characteristic of atopic PBL, PBL of normal controls did not produce anti-mite IgE antibody spontaneously. IgE antibody to mite extracts were detected in supernatants of all tonsillar cells cultured with mite antigen or PWM, but PBL from only atopic donors could produce IgE antibody in the same conditions. PMID- 3223245 TI - Role of attachment for the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Adherence of microorganisms to mucosal surfaces is a general phenomenon among microorganisms infecting the human host. Its role for persistence and colonization as well as production of local inflammation is well established. This paper describes the adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human epithelial cells. Strains from various anatomical sites or diseases are compared for attaching capacity. Isolates from the same host but at different times are also compared. The molecular mechanisms, the so-called adhesin-receptor interactions, are partially described. The pneumococcus recognizes a sugar sequence; GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal; on the surface of the host epithelial cell. Glycoconjugates containing this disaccharide act as receptors for adhering pneumococci. The adhesin in pneumococcal attachment is less well characterized. It is a heat and trypsin sensitive component, most likely a peptide, which forms a bridge between the receptor and an anchoring site in the pneumococcal cell wall. Receptor active saccharides are part of the adhesion-inhibitory activity found in human milk. PMID- 3223246 TI - Ciliocytophthoria (ccp) in nasopharyngeal smear from patients with acute tonsillitis. AB - Ciliocytophthoria (ccp) in nasal or nasopharyngeal secretion from the patients with acute tonsillitis, acute rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis was studied. The ratio of the presence of ccp among acute tonsillitis, acute rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis was compared. Acute tonsillitis had a much more positive ccp test than other diseases. This might be related to the anatomical feature of palatine tonsil having a complicated hollow-crypt. The presence of Haemophilus influenzae was the most frequent in patients with positive ccp test. Further study will be necessary to determine possible relationship between viral infection and bacteria or endotoxin from bacteria. PMID- 3223247 TI - Microbial ecology and tonsillar infection. AB - The results of quantitative and qualitative analyses of tonsillar bacterial flora in chronic tonsillitis patients and healthy subjects are reported. Based on these results, the pathogenesis of tonsillar infections is discussed from the standpoint of bacterial ecology. PMID- 3223248 TI - Palatine tonsils--their evolution and ontogeny. AB - The structure of the palatine tonsils in an evolutionary line of mammals and its development in man was studied. The homologies between the thymus and tonsils were pointed out. Both primordia come from the same source and their epithelium reticulizes and can form concentric corpuscles. The tonsil develops from a doubled primordium and consists of two lobes. Attention is drawn to the close relation between tonsils and glands. In the evolution the glands diminish and more crypts are formed. After antigenous stimulation, proliferation of the crypt epithelium takes place which provokes the increase of venules. They bring new populations of lymphoid elements which penetrate into the reticulated epithelium and finally form new follicles. PMID- 3223249 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis: a currently recognized pathogen of tonsillitis. AB - The authors investigated whether or not Chlamydia trachomatis could be isolated from tonsillar crypts in order to establish directly the relationship of the organism to the tonsillar infection. In 17 of 65 (26.2%) cases with tonsillitis, C. trachomatis was recovered from tonsillar crypts. Ten of the 17 Chlamydia positive patients were attended for recurrent sore throat and 5 for lingering tonsillitis. Thirteen of the 17 cases had serum antibody to C. trachomatis. We also isolated this microorganism from one of 18 persons complaining of a lumpy throat. Eleven of the 18 Chlamydia-positive patients had pertinent histories of oro-genital sexual activity, and pharyngeal infection apparently resulted from direct inoculation. The available data suggest that tonsillitis, the most common problem in otorhinolaryngology, may be caused by C. trachomatis more often than has been suspected. PMID- 3223250 TI - Surgery of the tonsils and adenoids in relation to secretory otitis media in children. AB - One hundred and fifty children aged between 2 and 9 years with bilateral SOM were allocated at random to three groups: Adeno-tonsillectomy (47 cases), adenoidectomy (47 cases) and neither procedure (53 cases). A further 42 children were allocated to either adenoidectomy or no surgery. In all only one ear was treated at random by myringotomy and insertion of a ventilation tube. The unoperated ear was examined six weeks, six months, nine months, one, two and three years post-operatively for otoscopic clearance of the effusion, impedance change and improvement in mean hearing threshold. Thus the effects on middle ear status of adenoidectomy alone and in combination with tonsillectomy were assessed. There was a significant clearance of middle ear fluid, change from no peak to peak impedance measurement and hearing gain as a result of both procedures with a late trend favouring the combined operation. Neither pre operative tonsils size nor the number of attacks of tonsillitis affect outcome. However there is a relationship between age and radiographic post-nasal space airway size with clearance of the effusion one year after surgery. These findings permit recommendation for adenoidectomy with improved expectation for resolution of SOM if cases are selected with reference to these two variables. They also suggest in which cases the operation should not be recommended. Despite the trends in outcome favouring combined operations, the extra morbidity associated with the addition of tonsillectomy does not at present justify recommendation for removal of the tonsils in addition to adenoidectomy for cases with SOM. Tonsillectomy in these children should be assessed on grounds of tonsillar pathology per se and not on the status of the middle ear. PMID- 3223252 TI - Etiological role of adenoids upon otitis media with effusion. AB - To clarify the etiological role of adenoids in OME, the effects of adenoidectomy on Eustachian tube function and nasal sinusitis were examined. Adenoids were found to exert no influence upon tubal opening pressure, nor patency of the Eustachian tube in a static condition. Active function of the tube during swallowing, however, was improved significantly by the adenoidectomy. In addition, adenoidectomy improved nasal sinusitis, and in such patients, their active tubal function was satisfactory. From these results, adenoidectomy was considered to cure OME, partly via improvement of the pathological condition of the nasopharynx represented by nasal sinusitis. PMID- 3223251 TI - Nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue--a threat to the middle ear? AB - Microorganisms responsible for upper respiratory tract infection reside on the mucous membranes of the pharynx, where distinct surfaces are selectively colonized. The nasopharynx in children can be considered a unique ecologic niche colonized, in comparison with the throat, with rather few bacterial species such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. These bacteria adhere to the mucosa in close contact with the lymphatic tissue of the adenoid. Recently, several well-designed studies have shown statistically significant effect of adenoidectomy on the resolution of secretory otitis media. This effect does not seem to correlate to mechanical obstruction of the eustachian tube by the adenoid, but may be due to an increased antigenic load on the lymphatic tissue. It is therefore of interest to study the interaction between microorganisms and the lymphatic tissue. PMID- 3223253 TI - Otitis media with effusion and tubal tonsil (video). AB - Carbon dioxide laser surgery was performed on children aged 5 to 11 years, on whom either adenoidectomy or tonsilloadenoidectomy had been performed to restore their hearing. We examined 177 ears 18 to 24 months after surgery. Thirty ears (17%) were diagnosed as having otitis media with effusion. Analysis of the endoscopic findings revealed 51% marked tubal tonsil hypertrophy and 33% adenoid tissue hypertrophy. Subjects were operated upon in the dorsal position for a duration of point one second at an amplitude of 15 watts. Six months after surgery, most patients' hearing had returned to almost normal. The tympanograms which were taken 6 months after surgery showed good results in almost every case. Otitis media with effusion was found to have recurred in 3 ears. The effect of adenoidectomy is apparently dependent upon age, the size of adenoids, and the influence of allergies and sinusitis. Furthermore, our cases suggested that tubal tonsil hypertrophy was one of the factors found in recurrent otitis media with effusion in older children. It can thus be inferred that endoscopic examination of the postnasal space is recommended in children with recurrent otitis media with effusion after adenoidectomy, and that carbon dioxide laser surgery is a reliable therapeutic method in the topical treatment of this disease. PMID- 3223254 TI - Specialization of tonsils as analyzers of the human immune system. AB - On the basis of current knowledge on the structure and function of tonsils, in agreement with the author's concept on "panautoprotection" in the human body, an attempt at characterizing tonsils as analyzers of the immune system is made. It is suggested that adequate signals for these analyzers are high-molecular substances penetrating orally and nasally. It is emphasized that tonsillar specialization as immunological analyzers refers mainly to the structure of their surface epithelium, the latter being considered as a peripheral component of these analyzers. In evolution, antigen sensitive cells have developed, i.e., the so-called M (membranous) cells. The phenomenon of reticulation in adenoid and tonsillar epithelium is associated with the presence of M-cells in its surface. It is submitted that M-cells may produce immunologically relevant proteins, designated as tonsillopeptides, which can play a role in the formation of lymphoid cells with specific immunological competence. It is presumed also that all possible immunological interactions mediated by the whole range of cellular and humoral factors of immunity in cooperation with the autonomous nervous system may take place in tonsils. PMID- 3223255 TI - Participation of autonomic nerve in tonsillar focal infection. AB - Participation of the autonomic nerve in tonsillar focal infection was investigated by measuring neurotransmitters, receptors and microvibration. In focal infection patients, the volume of norepinephrine in the tonsil increased significantly and the number of a-adrenergic receptors decreased. These findings suggest that the focally infected tonsil exhibits a high degree of sympathetic nerve activity. The ratio of N-type in microvibration decreased systematically, which indicates some imbalance or immaturity of the autonomic nervous system in focal infection patients. Based on this data, the production mechanism of tonsillar focal infection was speculated from the point of view of the autonomic nerve. PMID- 3223256 TI - Experimental dermatitis by means of the immunological technique. PMID- 3223257 TI - Clinical and immunological study of IgA nephropathy before and after tonsillectomy. AB - The clinical course and the changes of the levels of immunological factors after tonsillectomy in several cases of IgA nephropathy associated with chronic tonsillitis are presented in this paper. In the first study, here called Part I, 16 cases of IgA nephropathy were observed with regard to the clinical course and the changes of immunological factors after the operation. Postoperatively, proteinuria disappeared in 9 cases and improved in 3 and the levels of serum IgA, the circulating immune complex (CIC) and serum polymeric IgA decreased. In the next study, Part II, 10 cases of IgA nephropathy were investigated regarding the changes of the levels of serum IgA, C3, C4, CH50, APCH50 and CIC after the provocation test and tonsillectomy. A tendency of decreasing levels of C3 and APCH50 combined with an increase of CIC was observed within one week after provocation. Decreases in the levels of serum IgA, polymeric IgA, C3 and APCH50 were also observed after the operation. From these results, it is suggested that the tonsillar lesion has a tendency to continue the pathogenetic effect on the disease and exacerbate its clinical symptoms. PMID- 3223258 TI - Iron status in children undergoing tonsillectomy and its short-term modification following surgery. AB - Red cell and iron status parameters were studied in a group of 44 children undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent throat infections and in a control group of 40 healthy children. In the patient group, before tonsillectomy, 8 children presented a latent iron deficiency and 15 a decrease in serum ferritin levels. This altered iron status can be attributed to a reduced intestinal iron absorption, due to recurrent infections. One and seven days following surgery there was a significant fall in serum iron, serum transferrin and transferrin saturation, in parallel with an increase of serum ferritin and alpha-2 globulins levels. These modifications cannot be attributed to the blood loss, as proven by the constancy of haemoglobin level and of other red cell parameters, but to an unspecific reaction to surgical stress, as observed in fever, traumas and inflammation. They reflect an altered processing of iron, with a temporary block of its release to plasma and an increased storage within the reticuloendothelial cells. PMID- 3223259 TI - Clinical study on the efficacy of tonsilloadenoidectomy. AB - Controversies regarding the efficacy and indications for tonsilloadenoidectomy have existed for some time. The authors attempt to present an outline in the management of patients with tonsillar and adenoid diseases by carrying out a clinical survey on 1,566 patients who had tonsilloadenoidectomy at the Department of Otolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, from January of 1981 to December of 1985. There were 217 cases that could be followed up and the survey consists of the indication for surgery, initial presenting symptoms and their changes over time after surgery, and complications of the surgery. PMID- 3223260 TI - Clinical observation on guillotine tonsillectomy without anesthesia. AB - Ten years ago, tonsillectomy was the most common operation in ENT service. Guillotine tonsillectomy without anesthesia is a simple, fast, and safe operative procedure. From 1958-1981, 34,000 non-anesthetic guillotine operations were performed at our university. This method gives fairly satisfactory results. More than 93% of the patients experienced no pain or slight pain during operation. There was no mortality or morbidity in the 34,000 cases. It is distinctly safe and, therefore, is far superior to the anesthetic dissection method. PMID- 3223261 TI - Immunological basis of indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. AB - The tonsils are immune organs. The necessity for T & A should have a more rational approach for selected cases. The tonsils have a large immune function. The defense function of the tonsils is much greater in children than in adults. The children develop their resistance to infection by the time they are 7-8 years old. Tonsils and adenoids should not be removed below the age of eight unless there are absolute indications. Tonsillectomy has little or no effect on allergy. It is being done on account of tonsillar sepsis, and no other results are to be expected. In cases of obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy in young children, unilateral tonsillectomy is indicated. T & A are two separate operations, each with their own indications. Tonsillar focality could be regarded as a qualitative alteration in tonsillar antibody formation. The treatment of recurrent tonsillitis is related to the age of the patient. The solution to the problem up to an age of about 12 is quite different from that in older people. Alternatives to surgery are immunotherapy, intermittent chemotherapy and observation. PMID- 3223262 TI - Streptococcal antibody: as an indicator of tonsillectomy. AB - The significance of antibody for streptolysin-O concerning tonsillectomy was studied. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The upper limit of ASO titer in 5,121 school children was 250 u and a value of more than 333 u was considered abnormal. But the level of the normal limit was different from year to year. 2. Among 143 cases with a high ASO titer of more than 833 u, only 12 cases had recurrent tonsillitis. There was no correlation between the tonsillar hypertrophy and the height of streptococcal antibodies. 3. There was a correlation between the titers determined by ELISA IgG-ASO and ASO in Todd units (r = 0.69), but there was no agreement between the titers determined by ELISA IgM-ASO and ASO in Todd units. 4. IgM-ASO determined by ELISA showed high levels in cases with early stages of streptococcal infection, focal infection and streptococcal carriers. Cases with high ASO, both IgG- and IgM-subclasses, were considered to have an indicative factor for tonsillectomy. PMID- 3223263 TI - Long-term observation of postoperative course of habitual tonsillitis. AB - Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are among the most frequently held operations in the ENT field. In our hospital, the number of cases of tonsillectomy has been decreasing recently as compared with 10 to 15 years ago. Especially the number of cases under 10 years old has shown a decrease. It is sometimes difficult to decide the indication for tonsillectomy even for habitual tonsillitis. In this paper, the post operative course of tonsillectomy with habitual tonsillitis was investigated during 1976 to 1986 using a questionnaire. Answers evaluable were obtained from 207 cases. The efficacy of the operation on sore throats, high temperatures and recurrent colds was very high, but a few cases complained that a foreign sensation of the throat had occurred or worsened after operation. The incidence of nasal allergy gradually increased after tonsillectomy, but further studies may be necessary to decide the exact relationship. Laboratory examinations, such as ASLO, CRP, white blood cell counts, immune complex, C3a and C5a, were not particularly helpful in deciding the indication of tonsillectomy for habitual tonsillitis. In general, it is thought that tonsillectomy is very effective for habitual tonsillitis, but we must be more careful in deciding such an indication. PMID- 3223264 TI - Laser tonsillectomy. PMID- 3223265 TI - Histocytochemistry of glycoconjugates in tonsillar tissues. AB - Glycoproteins in palatine tonsillar epithelium were examined histochemically using seven different kinds of lectins to elucidate their functional morphology. UEA-I and WGA affinities, which might be altered due to an inflammatory reaction of the stroma, were detected selectively in the epithelial cell surface. Reacting products of SBA and GS-II were observed characteristically in the spinous and granular layers. No PNA, BPA and DBA activities were found in the tonsillar epithelium. These results suggest that carbohydrates on cell membranes might be changed according to the epithelial cell differentiation and some factors from the stroma. PMID- 3223266 TI - Computerized three-dimensional reconstruction of the crypt system of the palatine tonsil. AB - The purpose of the present study is to note the three-dimensional structure of the tonsillar crypt using computer graphics methods. The tonsils used herein were human tonsils obtained from the surgical operation, and were cut in serial sections according to ordinary procedures. The crypt contours obtained from the serial sections were used as inputs to the computer (PC-9801 VM) through the image-scanner (PC-IN 502). The three-dimensional structure of the human tonsillar crypt revealed by computer graphics, showed that the crypts had not only branches but also anastomosis, and that they could divide into two types, a simple unbranched crypt and a complicated branched one. Generally, the simple type of crypt was located in the peripheral zone of the tonsils and the complicated type in the central zone. These findings are discussed briefly and with reference to previous reports. PMID- 3223267 TI - Comparative immunobiology of the palatine tonsil. PMID- 3223268 TI - Structure of the crypt epithelium in human palatine tonsils. AB - Material from human palatine tonsils from a group of 18 tonsillectomised patients aged 22 months to 8 years was studied by LM, TEM and SEM. Special attention was focused on the structure of the epithelium lining the tonsillar crypts. This is of a dynamic nature in the living organism. In contrast to the stratified squamous epithelium covering the oropharyngeal surface of the tonsil it was often reticulated and invaded by non-epithelial cells. However, it was not uniform throughout. When studied by LM and TEM, adjacent patches of epithelium varied in degree of reticularity. The reticulated epithelium was either covered by a thin layer of squamous cells, or this was disrupted in places where non-epithelial cells passed through. Hence the intact surface, as seen on the SEM, is not a reliable indication of the nature of the underlying structure of the epithelium. Small blood vessels were frequently observed in association with the reticulated epithelium. They formed numerous finger-like projections surrounded by a sleeve of subepithelial connective tissue, and also a fine capillary network within the epithelial thickness. It is proposed that such an organisation of the crypt epithelium offers favourable means for the capturing and processing of antigens by the palatine tonsils. PMID- 3223269 TI - Formation of lymphoepithelial tissue in the sheep's palatine tonsil. AB - Formation of lymphoepithelial tissue was studied in 1-, 10- and 21-day-old sheep. From each of the animals one of the tonsils was fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde for light- and electron microscopy while the other was frozen in liquid nitrogen for immunohistochemistry. These examinations revealed sequential histological events during the formation of reticular epithelium. (i) Appearance of a distinct epithelial cell indicates the initiation of the reticulation. The electron density of these epithelial cells is much lower than that of the common keratinocytes but the presence of cytoplasmic tonofibrils and desmosomes provides evidence that they are of epithelial origin. They may represent the precursors of M cells. Their appearance may be followed by expression of Ia+ molecules on the surrounding keratinocytes showed by isolated Ia+ areas in the epithelium. (ii) In the mesenchyme underneath the Ia+ epithelial areas, Ia+ dendritic-like cells emerge which immigrate through the basement membrane into the epithelium establishing a provisional dendro-epithelial tissue. In this stage of the reticular epithelium's formation large Ia+ areas are shown by immunostaining, which include the epithelium and mesenchyme. The origin of the Ia+ dendritic-like cells is uncertain but their distribution and dense accumulation underneath the epithelium suggest that they are transformed tonsillar mesenchymal cells. Similar cell transformation of mesenchymal cells takes place in the bursa of Fabricius prior to development of lymphoepithelial tissue. (iii) The M cell precursors together with the Ia+ dendritic-like cells adapt the epithelium to be suitable for receiving a large number of lymphoid cells. Immigration of the lymphoid cells into the epithelium transforms the dendro-epithelial tissue to a real lymphoepithelial one. PMID- 3223270 TI - Immunohistological studies on tonsils of recurrent tonsillitis and tonsils with focal infections. AB - In this study, two experiments were made to investigate the immunological pathogenesis of PPP, a skin disease of so-called focal infections. One was the immunohistological study on tonsils with PPP and recurrent tonsillitis. In the investigation, monoclonal antibodies against T lymphocytes and anti immunoglobulin antibodies were used to reveal the distribution of T and B cell subsets on frozen sections of tonsils. But no difference between tonsils with focal infection and recurrent tonsillitis was observed in the distribution of T and B cell subsets. The other was the identification of a common antigen between tonsillar epithelium of PPP and hand-sole skin by use of one monoclonal antibody against PPP-tonsillar epithelium, which was made in our laboratory. Monoclonal antibody ATE-3 was in IgM, and recognized about 35 kilo dalton molecular weight protein of a tonsillar epithelium of PPP. This antibody reacted with the basal layer cells of the tonsillar epithelium and the suprabasilar cells of plantar skins of PPP. But ATE-3 did not react with normal tonsillar epithelium and normal plantar skin. PMID- 3223271 TI - Distribution and morphology of macrophages in palatine tonsils. AB - The distribution and morphology of macrophages were studied by immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic methods in three diseases of the palatine tonsils: tonsillar hypertrophy, recurrent tonsillitis and tonsils with focal infection. We confirmed the presence of two types of macrophages in the tonsils, a monocyte-macrophage cell line and dendritic cells with subtypes, Langerhans' and interdigitating reticulum cells. In the lymphoepithelial symbiosis area and in the subepithelial area, the monocyte-macrophage cells and the dendritic cells had similar distributions and densities. Since these two types of cells were sometimes in contact with each other, they may function in close cooperation. In tonsils with focal infection, there were fewer dendritic cells in the lymphoepithelial symbiosis area, and the germinal centers were less well developed than in the other tonsillar diseases. These findings suggest that in tonsils with focal infection, insufficient amounts of antigen may be presented by the dendritic cells to helper T-lymphocytes. PMID- 3223272 TI - The role of natural killer cells in human tonsillar tissue focussing on the change of tonsillar tissue with aging. AB - The natural killer (NK) activity of tonsillar lymphocytes is low and NK-cells are small in number. In tonsillar tissue, NK-cells were present in the germinal center, which is where B-cells are located. This suggests that B-cells are related to NK-cells. Judging from the rates of augmentation of NK-activity of INF alpha, INF-beta, and from the fact that there is no difference in the rate of NK activity augmentation between tonsillar and peripheral blood lymphocytes with IFN added, it is highly unlikely that there is much difference between the ratios of pre-NK cells and NK-cells. The fact that the NK-activity augmentation in the tonsil rose to approximately double that of peripheral blood on the addition of IL-2 suggests that the percentage of immature NK-cells is high in the tonsil. This supposition is in agreement with the morphological findings. In the infected and child tonsil, it is probable that NK-cells are at an immature stage, that NK activity is low, that B-cells are active, and that immunoglobulin production is in progress. PMID- 3223273 TI - Growth and growth disorders. Proceedings of an international symposium. Paris, France, 6-7 November 1987. PMID- 3223274 TI - Spontaneous hepatitis in Long-Evans rats. A potential animal model for fulminant hepatitis in man. AB - Spontaneous hepatitis associated with severe jaundice occurred in 90% of an inbred strain of Long-Evans rats. The rapidly progressive syndrome was characterized by abrupt onset, hyperbilirubinemia and increased serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, associated with massive and multifocal necrosis of the liver. This strain should provide a useful animal model for analysis of the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis in humans. PMID- 3223275 TI - Process of carbonyl iron absorption from the rat duodenal mucosa. AB - The process of carbonyl iron absorption from rat duodenal mucosa was investigated histologically with Perls' iron staining and immunostaining for ferritin and transferrin. The change in iron and ferritin distribution in the liver after oral administration of carbonyl iron was also studied. After oral administration of carbonyl iron (100 mg iron/kg body weight), stainable iron appeared not only in the duodenal lumina but also in the epithelial cell cytoplasm, intercellular spaces of epithelial cells and subepithelial stroma. Some of the stainable iron in the epithelial and their intercellular spaces was in the form of fine granules smaller than carbonyl iron particles. Mucosal ferritin increased after administration of carbonyl iron but its distribution was different from that of stainable iron. The amount and the distribution of transferrin in the duodenal mucosa were not changed after carbonyl iron administration. These observations suggested that some carbonyl iron was absorbed without the participation of ferritin and transferrin. In the liver, fine granular stainable iron appeared in the peripheral zones of the hepatic lobules around the portal vein, and liver ferritin increased after oral administration of carbonyl iron. Increased liver ferritin was detected in some of the perisinusoidal cytoplasm of hepatocytes. PMID- 3223276 TI - A new monoclonal antibody, UFT-4, reacting with rat Kupffer cells. Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopical analysis with reestimation of the reticuloendothelial system. AB - A new monoclonal antibody, designated UFT-4, reacting with rat Kupffer cells, was produced using sinusoidal liver-cell fraction as an immunogen. Immunohistochemically, UFT-4 reacted with Kupffer cells, interdigitating cells (IDCs), sinus endothelial cells of the spleen, a proportion of reticulum cells, smooth muscle fibers, choroid plexus epithelia and some macrophages. Immunoelectron microscopy disclosed two types of intracytoplasmic positivity: a striated type and a diffuse type. Both appeared to depend on variations in the quantity and distribution of the same antigen. On the other hand, UFT-4 gave a negative result for blood monocytes and most macrophages in lymphatic sinuses, lymphoid follicles, splenic red pulp and loose connective tissue. Cells positive for UFT-4 were mostly considered to belong to a narrow spectrum of the classical reticuloendothelial system, explaining the close relationship existing between some endothelia and some macrophages or reticulum cells. SDS-PAGE analysis of immunoprecipitates showed that the antigen reacting with UFT-4 was of molecule of 36-42 kDa under reducing conditions in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The present results suggest that UFT-4 will be very useful for the study of Kupffer cells and for reconsidering their origin and destination. PMID- 3223277 TI - A comparative pathological study of liver injury after different combination chemotherapies for leukemia. AB - A form of liver injury characterized by bile ductule-like transformation of hepatocytes, prominent hemosiderin deposition and fibrosis, was occasionally encountered in autopsy cases we examined during the period from 1973 to 1981. It was found that this liver injury was irreversible and intimately related to combination chemotherapy with the DCMP regimen (daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 6MP and prednisolone) for acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Its correlation was reconfirmed by the fact that this liver injury disappeared after withdrawal of the DCMP regimen in 1981. After 1978, the regimen of combination chemotherapy for adult ANLL was partly changed, 6-thioguanine being utilized (DCTP) instead of the 6MP in the DCMP regimen. The hepatic injury occurring after the change in the regimen was different from that produced with DCMP, showing reversible intrahepatic cholestasis. These facts indicated that substitution for one drug in a combination chemotherapy regimen could cause a different type of hepatic change. PMID- 3223278 TI - "Osmiophilic elastolysis" of peripheral organ arteries in patients with Marfan's syndrome. AB - Electron microscopic examinations were performed on systemic muscle-type arteries from two teen-age girls with Marfan's syndrome. In the peripheral organ arteries, the internal elastic lamella revealed a feature tentatively termed "osmiophilic elastolysis". The lytic changes appeared segmentally in the form of electron dense fragments, and were partly absorbed. Regenerated elastin had a normal structure and surrounded the elastolytic lesions. The same changes were observed in the newly formed small areas of elastin in the thickened intima. The remaining elastic lamella in the affected region contained numerous fine electron-dense granules. Intercellular substances, including collagen fibrils and proteoglycan, other than elastic fibers, were increased secondarily in the elastolytic lesions without any evidence of ultrastructural abnormality. Medical smooth muscle cells making contact with the elastolytic lesions were necrosed and absorbed, and smooth muscle cells in a state of synthesis were increased in the adjacent areas. Abnormal elastogenesis, which showed no remarkable changes macroscopically or light microscopically, was systemic but segmental in the peripheral organ arteries, and regeneration of the structurally normal elastin was concurrent with elastolysis. These events were diagnostic for Marfan's syndrome, and cannot be explained by the conventional theory of elastogenetic enzymic deficiency. PMID- 3223279 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with extensive superficial spreading to almost whole genital tract and associated with endometrial stromal sarcoma. AB - A case of simultaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix, endometrium, left fallopian tube, left ovary, vagina and vulva and a stromal sarcoma of the endometrium is reported. Histologic examination revealed that a squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix mechanically displaced almost whole genital tract in a superficial spreading pattern. The superficial spreading lesions showed fairly well arranged stratification for a carcinoma. PMID- 3223280 TI - Carcinoid tumor of the middle ear. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. Report of a case. AB - A primary tumor of the middle ear was examined histologically, histochemically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Neuroendocrine cell differentiation, a carcinoid feature, was demonstrated by the presence of numerous argyrophil granules, as well as positive serotonin, glicentin, glucagon, and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) granules in some of the Grimelium-positive cells. Chromogranin A was also detected in the cells, but much less frequently than Grimelius-positive staining. Neither neuron-specific enolase (NSE) nor epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was demonstrated in the tumor. Mucin was demonstrated only intraluminally. Electron microscopy revealed many typical neurosecretory granules in tumor cells, but no apical mucin granules. The tumor appeared to be benign, and there has been no sign of recurrence during a postoperative period of one year. PMID- 3223281 TI - Diffuse papillomatosis of the gallbladder complicated with tuberculosis. AB - A rare case of diffuse papillomatosis of the gallbladder complicated with tuberculosis is reported. The mucosa of the gallbladder displayed a diffuse papillary pattern composed of excrescences that varied in size and height. The proliferative glands contained many Paneth cells, and the diffuse papillomatosis appeared to be derived from metaplastic-type epithelium. Tuberculous granulomas were observed in the serous layer of the gallbladder. The relationship between diffuse papillomatosis and tuberculosis of the gallbladder is discussed. PMID- 3223282 TI - Cardiac hamartoma. A case report. AB - A case of cardiac hamartoma, incidentally found at autopsy is described. The tumor was a protruded polypoid lesion located at the apex of the heart and was demarcated from the pericardial tissue. Microscopically this tumor was composed of dense collagenous tissue, mature adiposed tissue and proliferated blood vessels, intermingled with cardiac muscle cells, the latter being hypertrophic and disarrayed. PMID- 3223283 TI - A cilium in the human mesangial cell. PMID- 3223284 TI - Oral therapeutic system delivering a water insoluble drug: N-(4-[2-(3 methylpyrazole-1-carbonamide)ethyl]-benzenesulfonyl)N - cyclohexylurea (SPC 5002). PMID- 3223285 TI - Surfactant influence on disintegration time and other characteristics of propyphenazone-metamizol tablets. PMID- 3223286 TI - [Determination of catecholamines in brain and cerebrospinal fluid by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection]. PMID- 3223287 TI - [Rheological investigation of hydrogels of cellulose ethers. IV. Mechanical and heat stability studies of rheological properties]. PMID- 3223288 TI - [Microcapsules containing acetylsalicylic acid. 1. Decomposition of active principles in solid phase]. PMID- 3223289 TI - Dorsal raphe stimulation modulates responses of substantia nigra, pars reticulata neurons to painful stimulation. AB - There are but few data that substantia nigra neurons are involved in the pain processing mechanisms in the CNS. In contrast, a great deal of evidence suggests a participation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (RD) in these processes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of painful stimulation (suprathreshold electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve--NP) on the extracellular activity of neurons of substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNR) in cats, and to determine if a train of stimuli applied to RD could affect the responses of SNR neurons to this type of painful stimulation. The majority of SNR neurons (83.3%) responded to NP-stimulation either with an increase or with a decrease in the firing rate. The RD-stimulation when applied simultaneously or just before the NP-stimulation reduced or even eliminated the increase in the firing rate caused by pain irrespective of the ability of RD-stimulation applied proviously alone to reduce or not the spontaneous activity of the SNR neurons. In cells which responded with inhibition to NP- and RD-stimulations when applied alone, RD-stimulation applied just before NP-stimulation slightly prolonged the NP-induced inhibition. The results indicate that in addition to the descending pain modulation pathway from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the spinal cord, which pathway is well established, there may be an ascending one to some supraspinal structures, the substantia nigra being one of them. PMID- 3223290 TI - Effects of ethanol administered during pregnancy and lactation on the offspring survival, growth and exploratory behavior. AB - The survival (mortality rate), growth (body weight) and exploratory behavior (open field test) of the offspring of Wistar rats, treated with ethanol, were studied. Ethanol at a dose of 9 g/kg/day was applied as 6% aqueous solution (v/v). One group of rats received ethanol (E) during pregnancy and lactation (E + E), in another group E was substituted by water (W) during lactation (E + W) and a third group of rats received E only during lactation (W + E). The mortality rate in the offspring of the E + E and E + W groups of dams was significantly increased. The body growth of the offspring of the E + E group was significantly delayed as compared to controls. Inhibited exploratory activity, impaired habituation capacity and disturbed emotional balance were found in the 9-week old offspring of the E + W, W + E and E + E groups of dams respectively. It is suggested that pre- and/or postnatal ethanol received even at low concentrations with drinking water leads to long-lasting CNS disturbances characteristic of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). PMID- 3223291 TI - Synaptic changes in the rat cerebellum following pre- and postnatal alcohol exposure. AB - The synapses in the cerebellar vermis molecular layer of 6 week old rats treated with small amounts of ethanol (9 g/kg daily) during pre- and postnatal development were examined. Quantitative analysis was made using a digitizer interfaced to a computer. Some relative and absolute (volume) parameters for synapses were calculated using respective computer programs. The results showed a decreased synaptic density as well as qualitative and quantitative changes in the pre- and postsynaptic elements. The possibility that some changes are compensatory reactions to the decreased synaptic input to the Purkinje cells following prolonged alcohol exposure is discussed. PMID- 3223292 TI - Estimating the duration of gratings under masking and nonmasking conditions. AB - Previous research has shown that the subjective duration of very short time intervals decreases with the increase of spatial frequency (SF) and this effect is supposed to be mediated by an early peripheral component of the persistence process called "retinal persistence". As the retinal components of persistence are very likely to be erased by a mask, we suggest that if retinal persistence underlies SF influence on duration estimation, the introduction of a mask would make subjective duration independent of SF. This inference was tested estimating the duration of presentation of square-wave gratings of equal mean luminance and contrast (85%) and of varying SF under two conditions: with and without a mask. Subjective duration decreased with the increase of SF under both experimental conditions It was concluded that retinal persistence does not underlie the SF effect on brief duration perception. Rather, the apparent contrast of the gratings covarying with SF could account for SF influence on perceived duration. PMID- 3223293 TI - Comparison of the different variants of the current source density analysis methods in neurophysiological studies. AB - Computer calculations and theoretical studies of different variants of current source density analysis (CSDA) for neurophysological studies were carried out. The different variants of the method are compared by estimating equiweight surfaces and equiweight lines in particular planes. The decrease in the distance between the different points of measurement has been found to result in more selective presentation of the neuronal activity. It is shown that this distance cannot be very small--50 micron seems a reasonable limit. Bidimensional and especially unidimensional CSD-analysis produces considerable volumes with negative weights, these weights being rather high in absolute value. Errors in the interpretation of the results are possible, such as incorrect calculation of the current density and even erroneous determination of its sign. PMID- 3223294 TI - A method for calculation the extracellular potentials from experimentally recorded intracellular potentials of a single muscle fibers. AB - A method for calculation the extracellular potentials from experimentally recorded intracellular potentials of single muscle fibers is proposed. The method is based on the use of Fourier transform technique. The extracellular potentials of single frog muscle fibers in homogeneous unbounded volume conductor at different temperature are calculated. An analytical approximation of the intracellular action potential (including the afterpotential) is proposed. By the use of this approximation the capability of the method is studied. PMID- 3223295 TI - Dynamic auditory localization: perceived position of a moving sound source. AB - Experiments are presented in which a sound source was moved at 15.2 cm/s over a horizontal path of 60 cm length, positioned at a 57 cm distance in front of the observer, symmetrically relative to the median plane. The subjects had to localize the sound at different moments of time. The sound source was predominantly mislocated in the direction of the movement; the mislocation increased at the end of the movement by up to 10-11 deg. In another condition the sound source was localized when it was stationary. In this case the mislocation was directed towards the median plane. The differences between the static and dynamic auditory localization are discussed. PMID- 3223296 TI - Studies of the thyrotropic function of the adenopituitary of the offspring of rats treated during pregnancy with dopaminergic agents. AB - The thyrotropic function of the adenopituitary of rats, which were the offspring of animals treated during pregnancy with L-DOPA, bromocriptine and haloperidol, was studied. The agents were administered according to a schedule between the 1st and the 20th day of gestation--orally for L-DOPA and bromocriptine, and intramuscularly for haloperidol--on 3-month old pregnant Wistar rats. The studies on the thyrotropic function of the pituitary were carried out on the offspring of male rats reaching sexual maturity at the age of three months at a temperature of 20 +/- 2 degrees C and with cold treatment for 60 min at 4 degrees C. The content of the thyrotrophic hormone (TTH) was determined radioimmunologically in the animals' serum. A statistically significant decrease of the basic and cold stimulated TTH-content was observed in the serum of the offspring of rats treated during pregnancy with L-DOPA (200 mg/kg body mass) and an increase in the basic TTH content after prenatal treatment with haloperidol in doses of 1 mg/kg body mass. No statistically significant differences were found in the TTH-content in the two experimental setups, after prenatal application of bromocriptine in doses of 1 mg/kg. The effect of the dopaminergic agents applied prenatally on the development of the central neuro-regulatory mechanism, which play a role in the regulation of the TTH secretion, is discussed. PMID- 3223297 TI - Cistiside-M, a new protective agent. AB - The toxicological and radiopharmacological properties of the agent Cistiside-M (2 mercaptoethylamine adenosine-5-phosphate) were investigated on male mice, lines C57Bl and H. The compound was administered intraperitoneally in doses from 1000 to 125 mg/kg, 15 min prior to lethal gamma-irradiation using a 137Cs source in the 6 to 15 Gy range. The radioprotective effect was assessed by the integral indices of 30-day survival, mean survival time, coefficient of protection alpha, S30 and the dose-reduction factor (DRF). The compound was characterized by low toxicity and good antiradiation effect in a wide dose range. Maximum degree of radioprotection (75% survival) was established when the agent was administered in a dose of 1000 mg/kg. DRF was 1.6. The dose of 250 mg/kg was interesting--with 50% survival rate and increase of the therapeutic index to 5.6. The low toxicity and the considerable radioprotective effect of the compound are due to its complex structure. PMID- 3223298 TI - Scientific session on physiological mechanisms of regulation in the organism of animals and man. Abstracts. Sofia, January 21-22, 1988. PMID- 3223300 TI - Non-linearities in response properties of insect visual cells: an analysis in time and frequency domain. AB - Intracellularly recorded voltage responses of the visual cells of the blowfly (Calliphora erythrocephala) were analysed in the time and frequency domains. The photoreceptors were stimulated with pulse (impulse), sine, sine-sweep and pseudorandomly (white noise) modulated green light. The blowfly photoreceptor responses, as analysed from the linear transfer functions, seem to arise from a system similar to that of cascaded low-pass filters, with a corner frequency at about 63 Hz (SD +/- 12 Hz). The system is likely to have at least five poles, including one linear second order term, and a pure delay element. Arising from the non-linearities a second harmonic can be seen in the power spectra of responses elicited by sine modulated light. This non-linearity is at least partly explained by the self-shunting property of the membrane voltage response. Light adaptation increases the non-linearities in frequencies lower than 20 Hz, as seen in the decrease of the coherence function with the signal-to-noise ratio remaining constant. Light adaptation also accelerates the transduction process and it appears in the linear transfer function in a form typical to negative feedback. With low stimulus frequencies it causes a 'phase lead'-type non linearity. In addition, the sine-sweep responses show quite different frequency characteristics in respect of depolarization and repolarization. Lateral inhibition between photoreceptor responses recorded from retinular cell axons in the lamina appears as a drop in gain and as an increasing phase-lag in frequencies from 30 Hz upwards in linear transfer functions. The source of this capacitive-like coupling can be considered to be in the high resistance barriers compartmentalizing the second optic ganglion into discrete anatomical units. PMID- 3223299 TI - Distribution of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the rat tel- and diencephalon: a quantitative receptor autoradiographical study using [3H]-acetylcholine, [alpha 125I]bungarotoxin and [3H]nicotine. AB - The topographical distribution of [alpha-125I]bungarotoxin [125I]BTX, [3H]nicotine ([3H]Nic), [3H]acetylcholine ([3H]ACh) (in the presence of atropine) binding in rat tel- and diencephalon was investigated using a quantitative receptor autoradiographical technique. With the [3H]ACh and [3H]Nic radioligands, a strong labelling was observed in various thalamic nuclei, including the medial habenula, a moderate labelling in different areas of the cortex cerebri, the nucleus caudatus putamen, the nucleus accumbens and tuberculum olfactorium and a uniform weak labelling in the hypothalamus. When the binding data for [3H]Nic were plotted against binding data for [3H]ACh in various brain nuclei, a significant correlation was obtained. Considering [125I]BTX, the strongest labelling was observed in the lateral mammillary nucleus and the hilus gyrus dentatus of the hippocampal formation. A weak labelling occurred in areas such as the nucleus causatus putamen, the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. No significant correlation was therefore obtained between the degree of [125I]BTX binding in various brain nuclei and the degree of binding observed with [3H]Nic or [3H]ACh. The present results underline the view that the high-affinity [3H]Nic and [3H]ACh binding sites label the same cholinergic nicotinic receptor binding site, while [125I]BTX labels another subpopulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors, predominantly found in discrete areas of the hypothalamus and the limbic cortex. PMID- 3223301 TI - Prenatal cholinergic stimulation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells by nicotine. PMID- 3223302 TI - The role of different facial areas in eliciting human diving bradycardia. PMID- 3223303 TI - Agonist and antagonist characterization of the P2-purinoceptors in the guinea pig ileum. AB - When adenine nucleotides were administered to isolated guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle, two immediate effects were observed: a contractile effect and a concomitant inhibition of the responses elicited by transmural nerve stimulation. At concentrations up to 10(-4) M the order of potency for the contractile effect was alpha,beta-MeADP = alpha,beta-MeATP greater than ADP = ATP = AMPPNP = beta, tau-MeATP greater than 2'-deoxy AMP = 2'-deoxy ADP. AMP and adenosine did not show any contractile effect, whereas both compounds dose dependently and reversibly inhibited the nerve-induced contractile responses. ADP, ATP, beta,tau-MeATP and AMPPNP also inhibited contractile responses to transmural nerve stimulation, whereas 2'-deoxy AMP, 2'-deoxy ADP, alpha,beta MeADP and alpha,beta-MeATP showed but weak inhibitory effects, 2'-deoxyadenosine, IMP, IDP, ITP, 8-BrATP and TDP lacked significant contractile effects and did not exert a significant inhibition on nerve-induced contractions. p chloromercuribenzene sulphonic acid (PCMBS) irreversibly antagonized the contractile effects of ADP, ATP and the alpha,beta-methylene derivatives, whereas dantrolene sodium, tetrodotoxin, scopolamine and 8-p-sulphophenyltheophylline were without effect on nucleotide-induced contractions. The contractile effect of ADP or ATP was unaffected by indomethacin, whereas the contractile effect by alpha,beta-methylene derivatives was abolished by indomethacin. ADP, ATP and alpha,beta-MeADP enhanced contractile responses to exogenous acetylcholine, alpha,beta-MeADP being most effective. This enhancement was blocked by indomethacin. We suggest that ADP and ATP contracted the guinea pig ileum by an action at postjunctional P2-purinoceptors with different characteristics from prejunctional P1-purinoceptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223304 TI - Increased plasma levels of oxytocin in response to afferent electrical stimulation of the sciatic and vagal nerves and in response to touch and pinch in anaesthetized rats. AB - This study was performed in order to investigate whether activation of sensory fibres within the sciatic and vagal nerves might influence the release of oxytocin. In anaesthetized rats the sciatic and vagal nerves were stimulated electrically in an afferent direction with a variety of stimuli. Rats were also stroked on their backs or nociception was inflicted by pinching a foot. Plasma oxytocin levels were measured with a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay in samples drawn from the carotid artery. Afferent electrical stimulations of both sciatic and vagal nerves at 5 V, 0.2-2 ms and 3-10 Hz caused immediate significant elevations of oxytocin levels. Thus, basal levels increased by 30-184%. Furthermore, in response to touch and nociceptive stimuli, oxytocin levels rose by 181% and 206%, respectively. These data indicate that oxytocin can be released by stimulation of peripheral nerves originating in the skin and/or muscle and in the gastrointestinal tract and thus these organs may be involved in the control of oxytocin secretion. PMID- 3223305 TI - Influence of renal denervation on vascular responsiveness of isolated rat intrarenal arteries. AB - Microsurgical renal denervation of the rat has been reported to increase blood loss and bleeding time after a standardized kidney resection. To investigate the vascular effects of denervation, isolated intrarenal arteries were studied using sensitive 'isometric' recording equipment. Four pieces of evidence were obtained to indicate an effective functional denervation I week after renal nerve transection: (i) Phentolamine reduced the K+-induced contraction in controls but not in denervated arteries. (ii) The K+-induced contraction was significantly smaller in denervated than in control arteries. (iii) Noradrenaline (NA) was a significantly more potent vasoconstrictor (4 x) in denervated than in control arteries. (iv) Cocaine increased the NA sensitivity in control arteries (3 x), whereas it failed to do so in denervated vessels. Vasopressin, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), NA (in the presence of cocaine), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and dopamine (DA) produced concentration-dependent contractions in the mentioned order of potency. Denervated arteries were found to be about two to three times more sensitive to the vasoconstrictors than control arteries. Angiotensin I and II had no contractile effect in any of the vessel segments examined. Indomethacin-pretreated arteries also failed to respond to angiotensin II. Neuropeptide Y produced only weak contractions and failed to influence the NA concentration-response relationship in either control or denervated arteries. In conclusion, renal denervation caused a general supersensitivity of the vascular smooth muscle cells to both circulating and non-circulating vasoconstrictors. Our results cannot explain the increased blood loss and bleeding time seen after denervation, but rather support the view that the enhanced bleeding was caused by an interrupted vasoconstrictor influence of the sympathetic nerves. PMID- 3223306 TI - Sympathetic vascular control of the pig nasal mucosa: (I). Increased resistance and capacitance vessel responses upon stimulation with irregular bursts compared to continuous impulses. AB - An in vivo model is described in which pentobarbital anaesthetized pigs were used to study the sympathetic nervous control of the nasal mucosal vascular bed. Changes in blood flow in the sphenopalatine artery (representing nasal blood flow) and in the volume of the nasal cavity (mainly reflecting blood content in venous sinusoids), upon electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk, were recorded simultaneously. Single impulses (15V, 5 ms) reduced both the arterial flow and the volume of the nasal mucosa. The effects of nerve stimulation with a continuous train of impulses at 0.59, 2 and 6.9 Hz were compared with those caused by stimulation with the irregular bursting pattern, triggered by recorded human sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity, with the same average frequencies. Both types of stimulation reduced nasal blood flow and volume, but the responses were significantly larger with burst stimulation at 0.59 Hz. The volume reduction was already maximal at 0.59 Hz while the blood flow response increased further higher frequencies. Local intra-arterial pretreatment with the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine significantly attenuated the flow and volume responses to single impulses, while clear-cut reductions in blood flow (by 40%) and volume (by 80%) remained, upon stimulation, at 6.9 Hz. Noradrenaline given intra-arterially caused a dose-dependent reduction in nasal blood flow and volume. The noradrenaline effects were blocked by phenoxybenzamine treatment. The results show that the pig nasal mucosa represents a model where both blood flow and volume changes can be studied in parallel in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223307 TI - [Towards a molecular psychiatry]. AB - Recent research data from psychopharmacology, brain imaging and molecular genetics support the notion of a new psychiatric frontier: that of molecular psychiatry. Identification of different subtypes of neurotransmitter receptors and their changes in density and sensitivity in response to endogenous ligands and/or psychotropic drugs may account for the clinical expression of various behavioral phenomena, including some psychiatric disorders. Brain imaging, in particular positron-emission tomographic evaluations, are likely to change psychiatric nosology. New diagnostic elements derived from these scanners will allow to associate psychotic states to neuroreceptor changes. Molecular genetics has shown that bipolar affective disorder can be caused by a single gene. A strong linkage seems to exist between a gene locus on chromosome 11 and bipolar illness. An amyloid gene located on chromosome 21 has also been shown to be strongly related to familial Alzheimer's disease. While genetic heterogeneity limits the screening value of these findings, the powerful techniques of molecular biology have entered the field of psychiatry. Ethical issues regarding DNA immortality, gene cloning and gene therapy will strengthen this relationship. PMID- 3223308 TI - [What is healing?]. AB - Is healing possible? Is it possible to walk the time back? That is, to be fully restored, to feel as sound as before the onset of illness? Is illness-with-no lesion-left-whatever conceivable? Hence, cicatrization biological mechanisms which necessarily mean a change has occurred with regard to the previous state? Neurological anosognosis as a sign of brain injury. As regards mental diseases, the only means to evaluate the healing grade is by studying the nuance of nosognosis as evidenced by a patient. A distinction is thus to be made between illness awareness, and notion of illness. PMID- 3223309 TI - [Relation of social integration and personality]. AB - This study aims at describing personality characteristics in three groups of children with different levels of social integration. The three groups were virtually 'confused' with the type of school the children attended at. The first group attended the kind of special school which is shanty towns typical. The second group attended usual State primary schools located in low-income popular areas, and the third group, the same type of school located, however, in medium to high-income residential areas. The Holtzman Inkblot Technique was administered to 120 children (boys and girls), ranging from 8 to 13-year-old's. Triple variance analyses were performed to study the influence of age, sex, social integration, and their interaction among the different personality variables. It was found that the three groups differentiated according to their level of social integration, with different personality traits. PMID- 3223310 TI - [Psychophysiologic research on mental imagery]. AB - This paper studies the different types of imagery likely to occur during the sleep/wake cycle in experiment subjects under part sensory deprivation conditions, where they are administered a sound-stimulus- namely an electronically recorded heart-beat which acts as propioceptive inductor. Meanwhile, a polysmonographic register in recorded so that a correlation between the time the imagery appears, and the states of consciousness likely to arouse the images is duly established. The study allows a fresh re-elaboration to be raised as regards imagery matureness and formation in the mind, a semiologic re statement of imagery types, and a better understanding how the self works during sleep stage, dream state, and hypnagogic-hypnopompic phases as well. Finally, the authors stress up the importance of interpersonal relationship between the subjects and the research team, altogether with the frame of reference the professionals work in since their focusing could modify the sleep recording characteristics. PMID- 3223311 TI - [Social networks and mental disease]. AB - This is a three-purpose study: (a) Furthering a definition of social network analysis since such a theoretical and methodological approach is of great interest to studying social interaction, (b) Analyzing the social networks within one psychiatric case study in order to build up a network interaction model aiming at fostering future research, this interaction model being used as a concept framework, and (c) Discussing how fruitful research on social networks can prove to be in connection with the treatment of the mentally ill, as well as considering the protective and supportive functions of these networks. PMID- 3223312 TI - Factorial structure and factor reliability of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. AB - Identical principal components factor analyses of total Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores were conducted for two separate sub-samples (N = 183 and N = 182) drawn from the same clinic population of moderately depressed outpatients. A comparison of the two factor analyses revealed substantial agreement for four factors across the two sub-samples (i.e., four factors from the first sub-sample correlated at least 0.80 with a homologous dimension in the second sub-sample). The four factors were labelled Somatic Complaints, Anorexia, Sleep Disturbance, and Agitation/Retardation. Some additional factors emerged in the analysis of one sub-sample but failed to appear in the other. Overall, these results suggest that the HRS exhibited a relatively stable factorial structure based on a large sample of outpatients with unipolar depressive disorders. Methodological problems with earlier research are discussed in light of the current findings. PMID- 3223313 TI - Electroencephalographic correlates of electroconvulsive therapy. AB - The aim of this investigation was to study the detailed profile and persistence of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-induced EEG correlates. Subjects were submitted to a detailed clinical evaluation as well as automated, computerized EEG recordings. Analysis was performed of different frequency bands, mean frequency and total power as well as a detailed study of cortical auditory-evoked responses. Age and sex-matched control subjects comprised a group of comparable patients, none of whom had received ECT, a second control group of healthy volunteers and a third group of amitriptyline-treated patients. No statistically significant EEG changes were found among patients who had been treated with ECT from several months to several years prior to the investigation. During ECT, highly significant cumulative effects were observed in most of the EEG measures, particularly increased slow-wave activity and a corresponding reduction in fast wave activity. Predictably, significant changes also occurred in mean EEG frequency and total power. No significant changes were observed in the cortical evoked responses. EEG abnormalities were still significant one week following the completion of a course of ECT, but reverted to baseline levels within four weeks. PMID- 3223314 TI - Abnormal diurnal weight gain among chronically psychotic patients compared to a control population. AB - We report inappropriate antidiuresis as manifested by abnormal diurnal weight gain among 29 male and female chronically psychotic patients compared to a control population. Abnormal diurnal weight gain may be a new metabolic marker for chronically psychotic patients. PMID- 3223315 TI - Aggressive behavior in hospitalized psychogeriatric patients. AB - The frequency and characteristics of aggressive and hostile behavior in 40 psychogeriatric inpatients was investigated using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale (SOAS). Most aggressive acts were directed towards nursing staff when providing help with activities of daily living. A positive correlation was found between age and the frequency of aggressive behavior, while severity was most strongly correlated to length of admission. A significant decrease in frequency was observed during the six weeks of observation. The causes of this decrease are discussed together with the implications for future studies on the treatment of aggressive behavior in this group of patients. PMID- 3223316 TI - Post-influenzal psychiatric disorder in adolescents. AB - The association between influenza and psychiatric disorder in adolescents was studied at a time when both were highly prevalent concurrently. First 505 secondary school pupils aged 15-18 completed questionnaires, including a symptom inventory derived from the SCL-90-R. Subsequently, 113 blood samples were examined for influenza antibody titers of five virus strains. Statistical analysis showed that adolescents who had been ill with influenza in the previous six months had significantly more psychiatric disorder than those who had not been ill with influenza in that period. PMID- 3223317 TI - Clinical course and outcome of cycloid psychotic disorder: a three-year prospective study. AB - The course and outcome of cycloid psychotic disorder was explored by means of a prospective three-year follow-up of a sample of patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for the disorder provided by Perris & Brockington, compared to patients with a diagnosis of affective or schizoaffective disorder. The most striking difference between cycloids and affectives was the lack of manic episodes during the follow-up period in the former group. Moreover, the mean age at onset was lower in cycloids. No difference between these patient groups was observed with regard to outcome. Compared to schizoaffectives, cycloids showed several differences in the clinical picture during the index episode, and their symptomatological pattern was more consistent from one episode to another during the follow-up. Moreover, the outcome of cycloids was significantly more favourable than that of schizodepressives. PMID- 3223318 TI - Functional somatic symptoms and hypochondriasis among general practice patients: a pilot study. AB - Within a sample of 78 general practice patients, 13 patients were diagnosed as having functional somatic symptoms (FSS). In eight of these 13 patients, the FSS were associated with hypochondriasis, as indicated through a screening instrument (the Whitely index). In the remaining five patients, the FSS were associated with various other basic problems. Different subtypes of hypochondriasis with clinical relevance could be identified among the hypochondriac FSS patients. During a 3 year follow-up period, the FSS patients with hypochondriasis demonstrated considerably elevated general practice clinic utilization, compared with FSS patients without hypochondriasis. One of the FSS patients developed a serious physical disease during the follow-up period. PMID- 3223319 TI - Use of lithium and early relapse in manic-depressive illness. AB - The proportion of manic-depressive patients readmitted within three months of an index episode was the same irrespective of lithium prescription. The data supports the view that short-term lithium prescription is ineffective, and because of the possibility of difficulties when it is withdrawn, it is suggested that lithium be reserved for long-term prophylaxis. PMID- 3223320 TI - Pain in non-psychotic psychiatric patients: life events, symptomatology and personality traits. AB - Occurrence of pain was investigated in 73 non-psychotic psychiatric inpatients; 75% had been bothered by pain within the last 3 months and about half of these had pain every day. Pain was most frequent in patients with neurosis and personality disorder. The occurrence of pain was significantly associated with unskilled work, but was not related to experience of social stress. Patients with pain reported more anxiety and hostile feelings and had a higher degree of somatic anxiety and muscular tension, thus attaching importance to anxiety induced muscle spasm as a pain-mediating mechanism. A specific relationship between pain and depression was not supported. PMID- 3223321 TI - Urinary phenylacetic acid excretion in depressive patients. AB - Phenylacetic acid (PAA), a metabolite of phenylethylamine, has been found in the urine of depressed patients at lower levels than in control subjects. It has been suggested that the determination of PAA in urine could be used as a biological marker of the depressive condition. In this study the levels of PAA in urine were investigated by gas-liquid chromatography in 39 patients diagnosed as having major depression according to DSM-III criteria, and in 32 healthy subjects. The values found in the patients were markedly lower than in controls. No relationship was found between the decrease of PAA excretion and weight loss. Using a discriminant equation, a value of 69% was obtained for both sensitivity and specificity. The results suggest that the determination of urine PAA could be a biological parameter comparable to the dexamethasone suppression test. PMID- 3223322 TI - Prevalence of risk factors for aggressive behavior: characteristics of an involuntarily admitted population. AB - In Vastmanland County, Sweden, 105 patients were acute admitted and involuntarily treated during a six-month period. In spite of a low mean age (39.2 years), abuse of alcohol or other drugs was common (29%). Thirty-nine percent of the patients showed violent behavior prior to the actual admission and 36% of the patients had shown such behavior prior to earlier admissions. Of the patients below 40 years, 32% had a disability pension. PMID- 3223323 TI - Neuropsychological assessment of functional central nervous system disorders. I. Hemispheric functioning characteristics in schizophrenia and affective illness. AB - The neuropsychological characteristics of a group of schizophrenic and affective patients were assessed by mean of a comprehensive neuropsychological tool, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Batter (LNNB), to determine the lateralized hemispheric neurofunctional characteristics in major functional central nervous system disorders. The results showed that schizophrenics had more right hemisphere impairment than affectives. They do not substantiate the hypothesis of right hemisphere-lateralized malfunctioning in functional mood disorders. Psychopharmacological treatment influences neuropsychological test performance, neuroleptics having the greatest effects. Pharmacological effects other than anticholinergic ones are responsible for the negative influence on neuropsychological test performance. PMID- 3223324 TI - Electrodermal activity in depressive patients in remission and in matched healthy subjects. AB - Electrodermal activity (EDA) was investigated in 28 patients when depressive and when in remission and in 28 matched and 59 unmatched healthy subjects. The follow up period ranged from 3 to 37 months (median two years). All the EDA variables were significantly elevated at follow-up and did not differ significantly from the EDA of the matched healthy subjects. However, in patients with extremely low electrodermal responsivity (EDR) when depressed, including suicide attempters, EDA was significantly elevated, but did not reach the levels of the healthy subjects, except for one EDA variable. Further, patients with major depressive episode and a history of recurrent depression did not reach the EDR levels found in the healthy subjects. The results are interpreted as an indication that normalization of EDA does not parallel clinical recovery and may be extended for several months (perhaps years for the EDR), possibly indicating vulnerability to relapse. The data may also be interpreted that persons who are normally electrodermally hyporesponsive, may, when depressive, develop a state of extreme hyporesponsivity that seems to be linked to the ability to carry out a suicide attempt. PMID- 3223325 TI - Insulin-like growth factor I in depressed patients and controls. AB - To explore the role of the somatomedin-mediated long-loop negative feed-back mechanism in altered growth hormone (GH) secretory dynamics associated with depression, plasma IGF-I concentrations were measured in 34 patients with a major depressive episode and matched healthy subjects. Compared with controls, depressed patients exhibited significantly increased plasma IGF-I concentrations. In the patient group plasma IGF-I concentrations were positively correlated with the maximum post-dexamethasone plasma cortisol concentrations. Our data suggest that increased plasma IGF-I concentration may reflect diurnal GH hypersecretion, contribute to deficient GH responses to dynamic challenges, and indicate an interrelationship between the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic (HPS) and adrenocortical (HPA) system regulation in depression. PMID- 3223326 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test, schizophrenia and movement disorder. AB - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was administered to 20 patients with schizophrenic illness. Ten of these patients also had tardive dyskinesia (TD). The scores on TD and parkinsonism scales were significantly higher in DST nonsuppressors. There was also a significant positive correlation between the post-dexamethasone cortisol level and the movement disorder scales. PMID- 3223327 TI - Erythrocyte electrolytes in psychiatric illness. AB - Erythrocyte sodium and potassium were measured in 71 patients with a variety of psychiatric disorders and 39 normal controls. Alterations in red cell sodium and potassium occurred in association with changes with mood state in affective illness. However, alterations in erythrocyte potassium may be a non-specific finding in all psychiatric illness. The methodological limitations of our study are discussed. Our data suggest that further study is required to clarify the role of intracellular electrolyte disturbances in psychiatric illness, particularly affective disorders. PMID- 3223328 TI - Comparative study of affective disorders in three Asian countries. I. Differences in diagnostic classification. AB - A study aimed at the standardization of symptom evaluation of patients with depression was carried out as the first step in an extensive collaborative study on affective disorders between centers in Nagasaki, Shanghai and Seoul. This study was initiated in order to clarify the factors affecting the low reported prevalence rates of depressive disorders in Asia. No significant difference in evaluation of psychiatric symptoms was observed between the 3 centers. Nevertheless, the diagnoses given by ICD-9 showed very interesting differences. For any given case, Nagasaki tended to make a diagnosis of an affective psychosis depression, while Shanghai made a diagnosis of neurotic disorder. No significant tendency was observed in the Seoul center. These findings are discussed in terms of their importance for future international collaborative studies. PMID- 3223329 TI - A clinical study of reactive psychosis. AB - Manifest psychopathology, life events, family history and personality traits were studied in a group of 22 patients diagnosed to have reactive psychosis. Individually matched healthy controls were also assessed for life events. The patient group had significantly higher weighted stress scores than the controls. Compared with Scandinavian patients, the study patients had more delusions, hallucinations and emotional syndrome. PMID- 3223330 TI - Does family history of schizophrenia influence age at onset of schizophrenia? AB - The relation between age at onset of schizophrenia diagnosed using DSM-III criteria and the presence or absence of this illness among first-degree relatives was investigated in 2417 patients. The mean age at onset among those with a family history of schizophrenia was slightly and nonsignificantly earlier than that of schizophrenic patients without a positive family history. The former developed their illness before the age of 25 years more frequently than did the latter. PMID- 3223331 TI - Platelet MAO-B activity and the psychopathology of Parkinson's disease, senile dementia and multi-infarct dementia. AB - Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity of platelets of an age- and sex-matched group of controls was compared with several groups of inpatients having non familial dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT), Parkinson's disease (PD), multi infarct dementia (MID), mixed types of these 3 diseases and a group of other central nervous system (CNS) organic disorders. All patients were subjected to several psychometric tests, including the Sandoz Clinical Assessment--Geriatric Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Mini-Mental State Examination and the Organic mental Disorder Scale (OMDS). A statistically significant enhancement of MAO-B activity could be observed in DAT patients and in PD patients, whereas the MID group showed a mean activity similar to that of the control group and the group with other organic CNS disorders. In DAT patients the degree of dementia in the OMDS test and the enhancement of MAO activity were positively correlated, but PD did not show such a correlation. It is concluded that the increase of MAO activity in PD and in DAT might be due to a disease-related enhanced affinity to oxygen and to such oxygen-derived radicals as superoxide or hydroxyl radicals. However, a possible drug-induced enhancement of MAO activity in PD cannot be excluded. Furthermore, the MAO-B activity values in platelets of individual patients or controls are not indicative of diagnosis or prognosis of any of these diseases and are of no disease-related specificity. PMID- 3223332 TI - Afternoon plasma cortisol in relation to depression. A replication study. AB - In 37 consecutive depressed inpatients afternoon plasma cortisol (1500-1520 h) was measured in 3 ways: 1) spontaneously; 2) 2 h after oral administration of 60 mg oxazepam; and 3) 16 h after oral administration of 2 mg dexamethasone. Both oxazepam and dexamethasone caused a significant suppression of cortisol secretion. Spontaneous and suppressed cortisol levels correlated significantly to stress/distress items on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (sum of items 8, 9, 10 and 12), whereas no correlations to age, or type of depression were found. In an earlier similar study of 35 patients both spontaneous and suppressed cortisol levels correlated significantly with age, type and severity of depression as well as with the stress/distress items. Those patients were older, more depressed (HRSD-17) and had higher stress/distress scores compared with the present sample of 37 patients. The consistent finding of a correlation with the stress/distress items suggest that this factor is important in relation to the hypersecretion of cortisol during depression and this may explain the limited diagnostic power of spontaneous and suppressed cortisol levels. PMID- 3223333 TI - Electrodermal activity in relation to cortisol dysregulation in depressive patients. AB - Electrodermal activity (EDA), basal morning plasma cortisol, outcome of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and nocturnal urinary cortisol excretion were studied in a somewhat confined number of originally 59 depressive patients and 59 matched healthy subjects. The patients showed nocturnal hypercortisolism. According to the DST, EDA and cortisol dysregulation were unrelated. In the total patient group, the correlations between EDA and cortisol in plasma and in urine were small and insignificant. However, in suicide attempters, in nonsuicidal patients, and in the healthy subjects, complex patterns of correlations were found between tonic electrodermal activity, electrodermal responsivity, basal morning plasma cortisol, and nocturnal urinary cortisol. Some inconsistencies in the patterns may be explained by differences in the sampling of data. Future research should try to delineate possible relationships between EDA and hormones on all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. PMID- 3223334 TI - Resolution of chlorpromazine-induced pigmentation with haloperidol substitution. AB - Four patients with chlorpromazine-induced pigmentation showed resolution of the condition on replacing chlorpromazine with haloperidol. PMID- 3223335 TI - Ichthyosis and delusions of lizard invasion. AB - We report the case of a young man who developed a delusion that his body was being invaded by a lizard during an acute psychotic episode. This occurred in the context of ichthyosis presenting as scaling on his arms and legs, which he believed to be the growth of the lizard's skin. PMID- 3223336 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of sulfuric acid and application to urinary sulfate. AB - A new gas chromatographic method for the determination of sulfate was developed. In this method, sulfate was quantitatively converted to a volatile derivative, dimethyl sulfate, by a two-step procedure. First, sulfate was converted to silver sulfate by reaction with silver oxide, and then to dimethyl sulfate by reaction with methyl iodide. The derivative was analyzed by gas chromatography. Methyl methanesulfonate was used as an internal standard. The method was applied to the determination of total urinary sulfate. Phosphate and chloride ions, which interfered with the present method, were eliminated with the use of basic magnesium carbonate and an excess of silver oxide, respectively. Recovery was over 96% when 5 to 40 mumol/ml of sulfate was added to human urine samples. PMID- 3223337 TI - Effect of high dose alpha-tocopherol acetate on the toxicity and tissue distribution of adriamycin (doxorubicin). AB - The effect of alpha-tocopherol acetate (VE) on the toxicity and tissue distribution of adriamycin (ADM) in mice was studied. After the administration of ADM in 2 doses of 15 mg/kg, mice pretreated with olive oil survived 7.1 +/- 1.0 days, while mice pretreated with VE in ten doses of 500 mg/kg/day (subcutaneously) survived 5.5 +/- 1.7 days (p less than 0.01). The total concentration of ADM and its major metabolite, aglycone I in the liver (1, 3, 5 h), kidneys (1, 3 h), and heart (3 h), as determined by high performance liquid chromatography was significantly higher in the VE-pretreated group (four doses of 500 mg/kg/day) than in the olive oil-pretreated group. The aglycone levels of the VE-pretreated group were significantly higher than those of the olive oil pretreated group in the liver, kidney and heart, but there was no significant difference between the groups in the levels of the unmetabolized form. Considering these results, the administration of VE concomitant with anti-tumor drugs, including ADM, requires great caution. PMID- 3223338 TI - Improvement of left ventricular function after surgical correction of chronic aortic regurgitation. AB - Serial left ventricular (LV) echocardiographic studies were performed in 21 patients before and after aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation. The effect of valve replacement on LV dimensions, cross-sectional area of the LV muscle and LV function was determined from the echocardiographic data. The relation between degeneration of the myocardium and surgical outcome was also investigated. The average LV end-diastolic dimension decreased from 66.0 +/- 8.3 mm to 46.3 +/- 5.7 mm twelve months postoperatively. The average LV end systolic dimension also fell from 43.4 +/- 8.1 mm to 31.1 +/- 5.0 mm. The muscle cross-sectional area decreased from 33.1 +/- 5.1 cm2 to 24.5 +/- 4.0 cm2, indicating a decrease in LV mass. The indices of contractility (fractional shortening, ejection fraction and mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening) had a tendency to decrease one month after surgery, but they subsequently increased to the normal level 12 months after surgery. Nineteen out of 21 patients showed a favorable outcome as to the functional status. The remaining two patients had a large LV dimension and subnormal contractility, and they failed to show a significant reduction in the follow-up period. The muscle score in the two patients was greater than 8 points, which indicated irreversible impairment of the myocardium. Patients with persistent postoperative LV enlargement have a poor prognosis and should be identified so that aggressive medical treatment can be instituted. PMID- 3223339 TI - M-protein kinetics in multiple myeloma treated with melphalan, ifosfamide, prednisolone, nitrosourea and vincristine in combination. AB - Patients with multiple myeloma were treated chemotherapeutically with a combination of melphalan, ifosfamide, prednisolone, nitrosourea and vincristine (MIP-NV therapy). The M-protein kinetics during the course of MIP-NV therapy was studied. The kinetics of serum and urinary M-protein in the first cycle of the chemotherapy was classified into four patterns, and the mode of change in the M protein level over the entire course of chemotherapy was classified into four prototypes. There were intimate relationships among M-protein kinetics patterns in the first cycle of the chemotherapy, the effect of the chemotherapy on M protein reduction, maturity of myeloma cells, pretreatment labeling index and clinical stage of the disease. Moreover, analyzing the prototypes, it was found that both the time for maximum M-protein reduction and the rate of increase in the M-protein level after maximum M-protein reduction affected the survival time. To predict the effect of the chemotherapy on M-protein reduction and survival time, it was useful to analyze subgroups, which were classified according to the M-protein kinetics pattern in the first cycle, the time for maximum M-protein reduction and the rate of increase in the M-protein level after maximum M-protein reduction. PMID- 3223340 TI - Effects of prolonged weak anodal direct current on electrocorticogram in awake rabbit. AB - The effects of prolonged weak anodal direct current (DC) on the electrocorticogram (ECoG) were investigated in awake rabbits. When the current (20-40 microA) was applied to the motor region of the cerebral cortex, seizure activity in the ECoG appeared from the frontal cortex. Repeated application of the DC decreased the threshold current for producing the seizure activity. Diazepam significantly elevated the threshold of the seizure activity. In contrast to the marked changes in the ECoG, no behavioral changes were observed during or after the application of weak anodal DC. The changes in the ECoG are discussed in relation to the intensity and duration of the DC. PMID- 3223341 TI - A case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration with high serum CA19-9 levels. AB - A 38-year-old female presented with cough and fever. A chest X-ray examination revealed an abnormal shadow in the posteroinferior portion of the left hemithorax, and a laboratory examination showed that the serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level was markedly high (1000 U/ml). A left thoracotomy showed an intralobar pulmonary sequestration of the left lower lobe, and after a left lower lobe lobectomy, the serum level of CA19-9 decreased to normal. Increased CA19-9 activity was detected by immunohistochemistry in the epithelia of bronchioles in the pulmonary sequestration. This communication is the first to report a case of increased activity of CA19-9 in pulmonary sequestration. PMID- 3223342 TI - Liberal education for family practice. PMID- 3223343 TI - Medical ethics: entering the post-Hippocratic era. PMID- 3223344 TI - The effects of epidural anesthesia on type of delivery. AB - A retrospective cohort study of 626 low-risk patients admitted for labor and delivery under the care of a family physician was designed to test the hypothesis that epidural anesthesia increases the frequency of instrumental and operative deliveries. The crude odds ratio of instrumental or operative delivery in women electing to have epidural anesthesia was 9.56 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.57 to 16.40; P less than 0.001). Controlling for bias by multivariate analysis did not change the conclusion indicated by the crude odds ratio--use of elective epidural anesthesia results in markedly increased odds of instrumental or operative delivery. PMID- 3223346 TI - Unraveling the mysteries of serum theophylline levels: a patient care report in the light of pharmacokinetics. AB - One of our patients had trouble maintaining therapeutic and safe levels of theophylline, even though we were careful in planning and monitoring her drug regimen. This case report shows how we were able to use principles of pharmacokinetics to distinguish among plausible explanations for her experience. We discovered that she was not taking the drug consistently as prescribed and that supervised administration resolved apparent contradictions between doses and serum levels. We believe that physicians can use the same information and methods that we used to get better and safer results from theophylline therapy. PMID- 3223345 TI - Intrathecal morphine as analgesia for labor pain. AB - In this descriptive study of intrathecal morphine sulfate used for pain control during labor, 49 parturients received morphine intrathecally, 78 were administered butorphanol tartrate (Stadol), and 34 received no analgesia. Significant differences for the intrathecal group included: (1) decreased requirement of nitrous oxide for delivery, (2) lower number of doses of postpartum intramuscular pain medication, and (3) increased use of forceps. The intrathecal morphine group showed no prolongation of labor and no major side effects in mothers or newborns. The results suggest that the use of lower levels of intrathecal morphine sulfate (0.5 mg) is as safe and effective as the more traditional intravenous analgesia for labor. PMID- 3223348 TI - Writing about writing, Part II: Copyediting. PMID- 3223347 TI - Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia caused by pyruvate kinase deficiency. AB - We report an infant with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia due to pyruvate kinase deficiency. The initial approach involved rapid evaluation, phototherapy, and close monitoring of serum bilirubin levels. Follow-up included maintenance on folic acid, monitoring blood counts, and educating the parents about the course of pyruvate kinase deficiency, especially aplastic crisis. We suggest that the informed family practitioner can manage neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and pyruvate kinase deficiency with referrals at critical times to pediatric or surgical specialists. The practitioner must be able to recognize quickly the need for exchange transfusion for severe jaundice and for blood transfusions or splenectomy when significant anemia or aplastic crisis occurs. PMID- 3223350 TI - Scuba diver standards. PMID- 3223349 TI - Hyperlipidemia. PMID- 3223352 TI - Medical care among strangers. PMID- 3223351 TI - Empiricism in family practice. PMID- 3223353 TI - Nuchal cord. PMID- 3223354 TI - Adhesion patterns and cytoskeleton of rabbit osteoclasts on bone slices and glass. AB - The ability of osteoclasts (OC) to migrate and resorb bone is thought to be dependent on cytoskeletal function and adhesion. Therefore, we investigated the cytoskeleton and the adhesion patterns of rabbit OC on glass and on devitalized bone slices, using specific antibodies to cytoskeletal elements and fluorescence and interference reflection microscopy. Microtubules (MT) were similar in OC on both substrata, and appeared in a pattern typical of that described for many cells. Multiple centriolar complexes were observed in most OC, either as one large aggregate in the center of the cell or dispersed singly or in small aggregates close to individual nuclei. Staining of microfilaments (MF) was similar on both substrata and appeared primarily as an F-actin network. MF distribution was different in OC associated with resorption lacunae with intense staining over those regions. In the OC on glass, high F-actin staining was detectable at the periphery in dots and rosette-like structures, which also stained for vinculin. The adhesion patterns indicated that OC on glass do not make large focal contacts, but appear to make a few tiny focal contacts that are not associated with the rosette-like structures. Most of the undersurface of the OC appeared either to be involved in close contacts or to be separated by distances of greater than 100 nm from the substratum. These studies indicate that the MF distribution and the adhesion patterns of rabbit OC are typical of motile cells, that the distribution of the cytoskeleton of rabbit OC on glass and on bone slices is similar, and that MF may be involved in the morphological changes associated with resorption. PMID- 3223355 TI - Indomethacin inhibition of tenotomy-induced bone resorption in rats. AB - Loss of biomechanical function results in rapid bone loss. This study assesses the role of arachidonic acid metabolites in immobilization-related osteopenia. A hind limb of the rat was immobilized by knee tenotomy and bone resorption and formation parameters were quantitated by histological methods in indomethacin treated (0.5 mg/kg per day) and vehicle-treated animals. Control animals sacrificed 30, 72, and 240 hr post-tenotomy revealed a significant increase in osteoclast number (30 hr) and resorption surfaces (72 hr) and a decrease in trabecular bone volume (240 hr) in the tenotomized tibiae. In the indomethacin treated tibial metaphysis, no significant differences were noted for these parameters by comparison to the nontenotomized leg. Bone formation parameters remained reduced in the tenotomized legs of both the indomethacin and vehicle treated groups compared to the control legs. Indomethacin inhibited bone resorption, but did not prevent the decrease in bone formation produced by immobilization over the 10 days of these experiments. PMID- 3223356 TI - The effects of phenytoin on calcium uptake in osteoblastic cells. AB - The effects of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, DPH) on calcium uptake in osteoblastic cells were studied to elucidate the potential mechanism of action of this antiepileptic drug on bone metabolism. Preincubation of the human osteoblastic osteosarcomal cell line, SaOS-2, and normal rat osteoblastic cells with DPH decreased basal calcium uptake. This inhibition occurred at DPH doses from 0.1 to 50 micrograms/ml. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased calcium uptake in the SaOS-2 cell line. Following preincubation with DPH, calcium uptake in cells treated with PTH or PGE2 did not exceed control levels. However, significant increases in the PTH- or PGE2-treated + DPH pretreated cells compared to DPH pretreatment alone were still observed. These studies indicate that DPH induces decreases in osteoblastic calcium influx and they add further information on the possible mode of action of this drug on bone. PMID- 3223358 TI - Characterization of specific thyroid hormone receptors in bone. AB - Thyroid hormones stimulate bone turnover in vivo and increase Ca release from bone in vitro. To investigate further the effects of thyroid hormones in bone, we have characterized specific nuclear receptors for [125I]tri-iodothyronine (T3) in neonatal mouse calvaria. Maximal specific binding of [125I]T3 to isolated nuclei occurred within 60 min at 22 degrees C. [125I]T3 binding was completely and rapidly displaced by the addition of 10(-6) M unlabeled T3; the dissociation appears to be first order with t1/2 = 36 min. The IC50 for competition by unlabeled T3 was approximately 10(-8) M. The relative affinity of thyroxine (T4) for the receptor was approximately 10 X lower than T3, consistent with its lower biological potency in most target tissues for thyroid hormones. Only weak competition was observed with diiodotyrosine at concentrations up to 10(-4) M. We have previously shown that the cardiotonic agent milrinone stimulates bone resorption in vitro with characteristics similar to those of T4. Structural homology between milrinone and T4 was recently reported. Milrinone, like diiodotyrosine, was only a weak competitor for binding at concentrations up to 10(-4) M. Milrinone inhibited collagen synthesis in the calvaria. The results suggest that the effects of milrinone on bone turnover in calvaria in vitro are probably not mediated through a thyroid hormone receptor. PMID- 3223359 TI - Personality and neurosurgery. Proceedings of the third convention of the Academia Eurasiana Neurochirurgica. Brussels, August 30-September 2, 1987. PMID- 3223357 TI - Growth of rat osteoblast-like cells in a lipid-enriched culture medium and regulation of function by parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. AB - To examine the role of lipid metabolism in the growth and function of osteoblast like cells, we studied ROS 17/2.8 osteosarcoma cells and primary cultures of rat calvarial osteoblasts during growth in a serum-free medium supplemented by purified human lipoproteins or by liposomes. Increase in ROS cell number was measured in sparse (1-5 X 10(3)/cm2) cultures over 6-8 days. Liposomes (0-300 micrograms/ml) and high (HDL), low (LDL), and very low density (VLDL) lipoprotein fractions (0-300 micrograms apoprotein) markedly stimulated cell growth. Cells plated at 5 X 10(3)/cm2 achieved growth rates in the presence of LDL or HDL comparable to 10% fetal bovine serum. Serum-free culture with exogenous lipid maintained the response of cell cyclic AMP accumulation to parathyroid hormone. Cyclic AMP response to parathyroid hormone was enhanced by glucocorticosteroid, and was attenuated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) with an EC50 (10(-10) M) comparable to that previously observed in serum-cultured cells (J. Biol. Chem. 258:736, 1985). 1,25(OH)2D also increased the alkaline phosphatase activity in ROS cells cultured in lipid-supplemented serum-free culture. Lipoproteins or liposomes also markedly enhanced the proliferative response of sparse cultures of normal rat osteoblasts to polypeptide mitogens. PMID- 3223361 TI - Psychosurgery and personality--some legal considerations. AB - The practice of psychosurgery is subjected to different rules, sometimes written, often unwritten, in the different jurisdictions. No commonly accepted definition on what psychosurgery exactly is has been given by the national legislatures. Some legislatures have simply outlawed psychosurgery; some have no specific rules; others have provided a stable legal basis to it, while protecting the patient (informed consent; review committees; second opinions). PMID- 3223360 TI - Aspects of personality in patients with anxiety disorders undergoing capsulotomy. AB - Capsulotomy is an established psychosurgical intervention for anxiety disorders. While the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing target symptoms is undisputed, the issue of negative personality changes following capsulotomy is of great concern. We studied prospectively personality traits in nine consecutive patients undergoing capsulotomy for anxiety disorder, using the Rorschach test and a personality inventory, the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), administered before and one year after operation. The protocols were evaluated under blind conditions by an independent assessor who had access to no data other than the age and sex of the patients. The Rorschach findings were used in two main comparison procedures: between the patients pre- and postoperative scores, and between that group and three reference groups. The KSP data were compared both with an age-stratified non-patient control group and with data obtained from groups of neurotic patients. In summary, the capsulotomy patients' personalities, as expressed in their Rorschach interpretations, remained intact, and significant reductions were noted in scales reflecting anxiety and hospitality. Statistically significant changes were also noted after operation in 10 of the 17 scales included in the KSP. While pathological scores were observed preoperatively in many scales, all the postoperative scores but one (Socialization) were within the normal range. Scores on the Socialization scale remained low, which is often the case in chronic patients. It is concluded that the patients displayed more normal personality features after operation than before and that adverse personality changes are not likely to occur after capsulotomy. PMID- 3223362 TI - Ethics of psychosurgery. AB - The ethics of psychosurgery involve questions of moral philosophy and pragmatism in alleviating human suffering. The weighing of scientific data along with philosophical oughts and shoulds is required. The medical literature indicates definite efficacy for some kinds of limbic surgery, mainly cingulotomy and capsulotomy, in some kinds of conditions, namely major depression, pain and anxiety. The relative utility of these procedures given the severity of the illnesses and the safety of the procedures described is significant. Ethical and moral conflicts over altruism, autonomy and suffering require recognition before their due considerations (Kleinig 1985). The following recommendations emerge from these considerations: 1. No consideration of ethics in psychosurgery is complete without consideration of both the scientific data and moral conflicts. 2. The considerable efficacy and safety of cingulotomy and capsulotomy must be acknowledged. 3. Indications and contraindications do exist for selecting patients. Major psychiatric Axis I diagnoses of depression and anxiety are the indications. Personality disorders are not indications. 4. Peer review, unfettered consent and knowledge of the psychodynamics of severe illness are three ingredients necessary for wise decisions about performing limbic surgery. 5. The liberal advocation of autonomy without responsibility is an amoral, not liberating, point of view. 6. Politics should be denounced as the most serious ethical problem in medical decision making. Political intrusion into the scientific matters and the doctor-patient relationship has created ethical problems with psychosurgery and continues to do so today. PMID- 3223363 TI - Ethics of functional neurosurgery. AB - With the precision and accuracy available for modern techniques, operations on the brain for alleviating psychiatric disorders have become safer and reliable. Anxiety and feelings of doubt amongst the public about these procedures need to be dispelled. There is a need to compile accurate clinical and scientific data with careful follow up to assess the present status of functional neurosurgery and to ensure further progress. PMID- 3223364 TI - The problem of mind in Eastern philosophy. PMID- 3223365 TI - The dynamics of personality. An East European view. AB - As the debates on fundamental issues of the human sciences have shown, actually two significant pictures of man are opposed to each other: the scientific biological and the historicist conceptions. The second one is supported, for instance, by the Budapest School of Philosophy (with Lukacs and his followers) and the Soviet School of Psychology (Vigotsky, Luria, Leontiev and their pupils). Summing up the doctrines of these two currents of thought the author argues in favour of the historicist conception and indicates, what is implied, in different fields of application (mind-body problem, linguistic theories, neuropsychic diseases, mental disorders), by the acceptance of this point of view. Moral issues, concerning psychiatric treatment, are discussed, too, and a Kantian solution of them is defended. PMID- 3223366 TI - The concept of "persona": substance or relation. AB - We oppose the substantialist to the relational conception of a "person" from a philosophical point of view. PMID- 3223367 TI - Methodology of the evaluation of the personality. AB - The object and the domain of the psychology of personality being less well defined and agreed upon than in other sciences, to discuss successfully the present situation of the methodology of the evaluation of the personality supposes the prior clarification of a certain number of questions. This is done by conceiving of the psychology of personality as of an empirical science and by addressing what seems to be the four major relevant questions: 1) the major issues in the psychology of personality, 2) the major questions of the assessment of the individual personality, 3) the sources and methods of gathering data in this discipline, and 4) the process of clinical judgment. PMID- 3223368 TI - Discussion on methods for the evaluation of the personality. Normal brain/damaged brain. AB - The traditional way for the evaluation of the personality is not always adapted to a brain damaged population. The difficulties encountered by using standardized psychological tests and methods to remedy them are described. PMID- 3223369 TI - Post-traumatic personality: as many cases as individuals. AB - Post traumatic personality do not present a unique picture because the disturbances have many causes. That is why models structured basically to the understanding of the disorders must be carried out. PMID- 3223370 TI - Post-traumatic psychoses. AB - The incidence of post-traumatic psychoses can be appraised as 3-4 per cent in the adults who suffered a head injury. Post-traumatic psychoses appear as not directly provoked by the head injury but rather as precipitated by it, usually in young male patients with previous psychological disturbances which were more or less compensated formerly. In half the cases, the psychosis described as an acute delusional state totally disappears after a few days or weeks. PMID- 3223371 TI - Personality after head injury. AB - For the discussion of post-traumatic so-called full recovery, only a very limited array of injured persons were at our disposal. Two-thirds of these patients are young and their personality needs long, patient rehabilitation. However, duration of coma in young severely injured patients does not seem to mean the same as in elderly patients. Of the last third of our patients the greatest number work as craftsmen. Among the patients with a higher level of education, there were only 7% of patients with full recovery and also 7% with partial recovery, who actually went back to their original work. For the assessment of results, we have to be aware of the important differences of age and level of education. Therefore it would be probably worth-while to continue the work of Jean Brihaye in the Glossary, to define the items of post-traumatic personality, so that for a strongly restricted assessment of results, a limited but clearly defined group of patients can be compared. PMID- 3223373 TI - Unexpected improvement after prolonged post-traumatic vegetative state. AB - Presentation of an unusual case of severe head injury in which, after three and a half years of vegetative state, a gradual return to consciousness and personality occurred. PMID- 3223372 TI - A relativistic cybernetic model for the personality disorders caused by head injuries. AB - A mathematical model is used to demonstrate the personality disturbances caused by head injuries. A formal triontic model of personality was developed to express the effects of head injuries. The mathematical system theory (internal model principle) and the relativistic cybernetics are essentially used to explain how severe head injuries destroy the structural homeostasis of personality by influencing the non-cognitive elements via the cognitive elements. Attention is particularly paid to the communication processes between the personality and its external universe. PMID- 3223374 TI - Personality traits after prolonged vegetative state. Reflections on "Unexpected Improvement after Prolonged Post-traumatic Vegetative State" by W. Arts, H. van Dongen, J. Meulstee. AB - The consequences of the trauma on the personality traits of the case described by Arts et al. are analysed. Among the biological factors which favoured the restoration of consciousness, youth, normal pretraumatic personality as well as the location and extent of the brain lesions have been of special importance. The psychopathological changes mainly consisted in an impairment of higher mental functions with intellectual regression, loss of abstraction ability and a severe deficit of recall and memory. The pragmatical and ethical consequences of this case are discussed. PMID- 3223375 TI - Two cases of painters operated more than ten years ago for intracranial lesions. Evolution of their artistic production. AB - Two female professional painters, who underwent a neurosurgical operation, are described. Their artistic production before and after the neurosurgical intervention is compared and the observed modifications are discussed. PMID- 3223376 TI - Behaviourism East and West. PMID- 3223377 TI - Prevention and treatment of delayed ischaemic dysfunction in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. An update. PMID- 3223378 TI - Cancer metastasis. Biological and biochemical mechanisms and clinical aspects. Proceedings of the international congress. May 13-15, 1987, Bologna, Italy. PMID- 3223379 TI - Control of MHC genes that regulate the metastatic phenotype of tumor cells. PMID- 3223380 TI - MHC antigens expressed on 3LL metastatic variants: correlation with the expression of a TSP-180 protein. AB - In attempts to correlate metastatic potential with specific properties of tumor cells, homogeneous subpopulations, which are endowed with low or high metastatic potential, have been selected from Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL). In particular, since cell surface constituents are possibly involved in the metastatic process, changes in antigen expression have been correlated with the metastatic potential of 3LL variants. In this view, we quantitated the expression of MHC (Db,Kb) antigens and of a tumor specific protein (TSP) identified by the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 135-13C on some "in vitro" and "in vivo" variants of 3LL. The MoAb 135-13C was found to recognize a TSP-180 protein that appears on the cell surface of several murine carcinomas, but is not detected on normal cells in culture. Studies of the MHC expression on these variants, by the use of the indirect immunofluorescent staining or the direct binding of the MoAb to H-2Db (28-14-8) and the MoAb to H-2Kb (28-13-3), demonstrate that "in vivo" and "in vitro" 3LL variants which, are endowed with a higher metastatic potential, express on the cell surface a higher amount of the Db antigen. By contrast, all the 3LL lines have few cells recognized by the MoAb to H-2Kb and express low amounts of this antigen on the cell surface. The direct binding to different tumor lines and the analysis of the immunoprecipitates from the cell lysates by the use of the MoAb 135-13C demonstrate that the TSP-180 protein is highly expressed on 3LL cells which possess high capacity to metastasize to the lung. The variations induced in 3LL metastatic phenotype by the injection of the variant lines in allogeneic mice (Balb/c, C3HeB:H-2d,H-2k, respectively) or after treatment with the specific MoAb 135-13C have, also, been studied. An attempt was made to correlate the changes in 3LL metastatic phenotype with the expression of the TSP-180 protein and of the MHC antigens. We conclude that a high expression on the cell surface of the Db antigen and of the TSP-180 protein, is associated with a high malignant phenotype of 3LL tumor cells. PMID- 3223381 TI - Host inflammatory cells and generation of tumor cell diversity. PMID- 3223383 TI - Influence of gangliosides on the metastatic process. PMID- 3223382 TI - Cytoskeletal and junctional heterogeneity in mammary tumor cells and their possible significance in tumor progression. AB - Malignant breast cancers appear to metastasize first via the lymphatics to colonize regional lymph nodes, and then via the blood circulation to colonize distant organs. Using a rat mammary tumor model based on the 13762NF adenocarcinoma, evidence is presented that malignant cell subpopulations spread lymphatically to regional lymph nodes, then become blood-borne and metastasize to lungs. Using chromosome and cytokeratin markers to identify specific tumor cell subpopulations, tumor progression in this system appears to be associated with the appearance of a highly specialized, metastatic cell subpopulation. This highly malignant cell subpopulation is completely uncoupled by gap junctions when examined for gap-junctional communication, in contrast with less malignant subpopulations that show varying degrees of cell communication through gap junctions. Loss of cell-cell communication may be one of the epigenetic events that leads to the generation of tumor cell diversification and heterogeneity. In concert with host selective pressures, this could result in the evolution of highly malignant cell subpopulations with unique characteristics. PMID- 3223384 TI - "In vitro" models for studying the malignant phenotype: chemotaxis and chemoinvasion. PMID- 3223385 TI - Preferential growth of blood-borne cancer cells at sites of trauma--a growth promoting role of macrophages. AB - Carcinoma and sarcoma after gaining access to the venous circulation are completely trapped in the organs of first encounter, i.e. the lung and vertebrae for cancers draining into the vena cava, or liver for tumours with portal drainage. Systemic dissemination of carcinomas and sarcomas derives from cancer growing in the lung and can be mimicked in experimental rats by injecting cancer cells intra-arterially via the left ventricle. These emboli are arrested in different tissues in proportion to the cardiac output they receive, but the probability of a cancer embolus introduced in this way causing a lesion varies by several orders of magnitude for different tissues. Traumatising tissues by procedures such as surgical incision of the abdomen, gut anastomosis, placing a stitch in the kidney or chemical or surgical partial hepatectomy, greatly enhances the likelihood that a cancer cell trapped in the tissues develops into a metastasis. While several factors contribute to making a wound a more favourable "soil" for metastasis a major mechanism is the release of growth factors from macrophages that have infiltrated the wound. PMID- 3223386 TI - Genetic basis of metastases. PMID- 3223387 TI - Detection of deregulated tyrosine-kinases in experimental and human metastatic tumors. PMID- 3223388 TI - Potential of monoclonal antibodies for localisation and treatment of disseminated disease: studies in syngeneic rat tumour systems. PMID- 3223389 TI - Immunological and structural profile of a 96 kD human melanoma associated antigen with preferential distribution in metastases. PMID- 3223390 TI - Role of host responses in the drug treatment of metastasis. PMID- 3223392 TI - Maturational agents alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents in therapy of tumor metastases. PMID- 3223391 TI - Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism as a potential target to prevent metastasis formation. PMID- 3223393 TI - The nude mouse for the study of human colorectal carcinoma. AB - The tumorigenicity and metastatic behaviour of human colorectal tumors have been assessed in athymic nude mice. Surgical specimens were obtained from colorectal carcinomas or from metastases of different patients. Primary colorectal tumors and their synchronous liver metastases were obtained from three patients. After intramuscular (i.m.) injection into nude mice, tumor cells originating from metastases showed a higher take than those from primary tumors. In general, metastasis-derived tumors had a shorter doubling time than primary-derived tumors. This growth pattern was not associated with the production of spontaneous metastases in nude mice. To investigate the malignant potential of colorectal neoplasms in the nude mouse, tumor cells were injected intravenously (i.v.) (artificial lung metastases) and in the spleen (artificial liver metastases). Colorectal-derived tumor cells produced lung colonies after i.v. injection, but the most dramatic expression of malignancy was the tumor cells' ability to grow in the liver after intrasplenic (i.s.) injection. The ability to grow in the liver of nude mice appeared to be a distinct characteristic of each tumor cell population. Human colorectal tumors were maintained as continuous lines subcutaneously (s.c.) in nude mice. Phenotypic differences, including malignant potential, were generally maintained at different passages. Human colorectal tumors with a definite pattern of malignant behaviour (i.e. to the liver) in the nude mouse provide a unique experimental system for the study of the biology and the therapy of cancer metastases. PMID- 3223394 TI - The complex clinical model of metastasis. PMID- 3223395 TI - Eradication of cancer metastasis by tumoricidal macrophages. PMID- 3223396 TI - Pattern-matched therapy for metastases from colonic carcinoma. PMID- 3223397 TI - Therapeutic approach to liver metastases for colorectal cancer. PMID- 3223398 TI - Heterogeneity and clonal interactions in the TS/A murine mammary adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3223399 TI - Modification of tumor cells and its application to immunotherapy of tumor metastasis. PMID- 3223400 TI - Molecular biology of hemopoiesis. Proceedings of the third annual symposium. November 6-7, 1987, Rye Brook, New York. PMID- 3223401 TI - Regulation of fetal globin gene expression in human erythroleukemia (K562) cells. AB - We have analyzed the transcription and induction of fusion globin genes comprised of portions of either gamma and beta globin sequences or gamma and neomycin resistance gene sequences. The analysis of gamma promoter beta and gamma-neo fusion genes indicates that 5' gamma flanking sequences are sufficient for tissue specific expression but not induction in K562 cells. A beta gene containing only the substitution of gamma IVS 2 for beta IVS 2 is expressed and induced when transcripts are analyzed with a 3' probe in contrast to the lack of expression seen with an intact beta gene. Thus, fusion globin genes containing gamma IVS 2 are both expressed and induced indicating that this region may be involved in the response to hemin stimulation, however, the mechanism is unclear. A gamma-neo fusion gene containing the gamma 5' region is expressed but not induced. When an EcoRI-Bg1 II fragment containing the beta 3' enhancer is ligated downstream of the gamma-neo gene this gene is now inducible. Multiple genetic elements are involved in the regulated expression of gamma genes in fetal erythroid cells. These experiments begin to localize these sequences to specific regions within the gamma globin gene. PMID- 3223402 TI - Human gene expression in murine hemopoietic cells in vivo. PMID- 3223403 TI - Homing of hemopoietic stem cells to hemopoietic stroma. AB - The existing knowledge of the molecular mechanism that underlies the successful engraftment of hemopoietic progenitor cells in their specific stromal microenvironment has been discussed. It appears that membrane lectins on the surface of the stem cell with specificity for galactose with and/or mannose bearing glycoconjugates on the surface of the stromal cell are involved. This recognition and binding of hemopoietic stem cells which is called "homing" initiates the processes of differentiation, proliferation, and maturation of hemopoietic cells. PMID- 3223405 TI - Factors regulating megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet formation. PMID- 3223406 TI - Effect of sustained hypertransfusion on Rauscher leukemia virus-variant A (RLV-A) infection in BALB/c mice. AB - Infection of BALB/c mice with the RLV-A virus normally induces an erythropoietic dysplasia characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, erythroblastosis, erythroblastemia and severe anemia without reticulocytosis. Time to death varies between 20-30 weeks. Mice were inoculated with RLV-A after being hypertransfused with 75% packed red cells for 42 days which has been shown to eliminate erythropoiesis and modify the microenvironment to favor granulopoiesis. Following RLV-A inoculation, one group did not receive further transfusion (short-term) and another group continued with hypertransfusion weekly (long-term). The pathogenesis of RLV-A in the short-term group paralleled the characteristic RLV-A response. In the long term group however, the characteristic RLV-A response was never observed. Instead, a granulocytic leukemia was developed. Continued hypertransfusion presumably after establishment of an altered microenvironment resulted in a completely different viral pathogenesis and the development of a transplantable myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3223407 TI - The effects of prostaglandin E1 on megakaryocyte proliferation in vitro. AB - A concentration of 560 nM Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), in a medium containing either 10% serum and 10% plasma, or 20% plasma and a platelet extract prepared from 24 x 10(6) platelets/ml, caused after four days of incubation in a plasma clot culture system, highly significant increases over the controls in both the number of megakaryocyte colonies/clot and megakaryocytes/clot. A linear dose-response relationship over the entire 14-560 nM range was also demonstrated in cultures containing serum, between the concentration of PGE1 in each culture, and the number of megakaryocyte colonies/clot and megakaryocytes/clot. However, PGE1 did not appear to stimulate megakaryocytes in cultures containing only 20% rat plasma. PMID- 3223404 TI - The significance of free radicals and free radical scavengers in L1210 leukemia. AB - L1210 leukemia is a murine leukemia which is associated with anemia and marked neutrophilia. In order to determine the significance of free radicals (FR) in this disorder, we determined the presence and localization of free radical scavengers (FRS) and scavenger-like systems in L1210 leukemia cells obtained in vivo and from in vitro cultures. FR are metabolized or detoxified by certain FRS such as glutathione (GSH and GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and enzymes such as epoxide hydrolase (EH). In all cases specific fractions of L1210 cells, bone marrow and liver were examined for FR/FRS levels. Reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione were measured fluorometerically using o-opthalaldehyde (OPT). SOD was determined colorimetrically utilizing pyrogallol by substrate autolysis inhibition, and EH was determined by utilizing [3H] styrene oxide as a substrate. Ratios of GSH/GSSG in fractions prepared from in vivo and in vitro L1210 cells showed a predominance of GSH-reductase with the highest activity in mitochondria (ratio = 15 vs. 10). Normal liver showed a similar pattern whereas, leukemic liver showed altered GSH/GSSG ratios in mitochrondria and microsomes. Leukemic bone marrow showed a predominance of GSH-reductase in all fractions. EH activity was highest in microsomal fractions obtained from L1210 cells grown in vitro and found to become increased in both the mitrochondrial (100%) and microsomal (200%) fractions when cells were exposed to retinoic acid (RA) in culture. SOD activity in the cytosolic (21.2 U SOD/mg) and mitochondrial (12 U SOD/mg) fractions whereas, leukemic liver showed a significant decrease in activity in all fractions compared to normals. SOD was determined in fractions taken from L1210 cells in vivo and in vitro. Results demonstrated detectable but reduced SOD activity in the L1210 cell fractions as contrasted with liver activity. Results from these studies indicate that certain FRS systems are functional in L1210 leukemic animals. Furthermore, variations in the ratios or levels may be of significance in the leukemic and hematological states. PMID- 3223408 TI - Parabiotic demonstration of a substance released from burned tissue affecting marrow megakaryocyte diameter and number in mice. AB - Four groups of C3H mice were studied to determine effects of substances released into blood from burned tissue on platelet counts and megakaryocyte numbers and sizes. Burns were full thickness scald injuries over 20% of body. Groups were: 1) Single, non-burned (controls); 2) Single, burned; 3) Parabiosed non-burned; 4) Parabiosed, one burned in each pair. Platelet counts and megakaryocyte counts and sizing were done at sacrifice. On 2nd postburn day platelet counts of group 4 were significantly lower (P less than 0.0005) than in group 1, but higher than in group 2. On day 5 platelet counts of group 4, returned to normal, then rose above normal. Two to five days postburn, megakaryocyte diameters were significantly larger in groups 2 and 4. Fifty megakaryocytes from each mouse of treatment groups were measured. A blood-borne substance(s) derived from burned tissue appears responsible for waning and waxing of megakaryocyte activity. PMID- 3223409 TI - Increased BPA production modulates Epo sensitivity of circulating BFU-E in sickle cell anemia. AB - We have examined the possibility that permanent "stress" hemopoiesis in sickle cell anemia (SS) patients leads to the modification of the behavior of circulating 14 day erythroid progenitor cells (BFU-E). In these patients we find that peripheral blood BFU-E are increased in number and have high sensitivity to erythropoietin (Epo). Maximal number of BFU-E are generated from peripheral blood of SS patients at 0.3-0.75 Epo/ml of culture compared to 1.5-2.0 U Epo/ml of culture in normals. Peripheral blood adherent cells depletion leads to the shift of Epo dose response curve, so that the Epo sensitivity of BFU-E significantly decreases. This result suggests that apparent Epo hypersensitivity reflects, in fact, an increased production of a burst promoting activity (BPA) by SS peripheral blood light density adherent (PB-LDA) cells. Experiments with conditioned medium by SS PB-LDA cells confirmed this interpretation. When peripheral blood light density non-adherent (PB-LDNA) cells of SS patients or normal individuals were plated in the presence of various concentrations of SS PB LD cells conditioned medium and constant amounts of Epo, a dose dependent increase of the number of BFU-E was observed. When the same target cells were plated in the presence of PB-LD cells conditioned medium from normal individuals, such effect does not occur. We conclude that increased BPA production may play a role in the erythropoietic regulation during constant hemopoietic stress in sickle cell anemia and might partially explain the lower than expected Epo levels in these patients. PMID- 3223410 TI - Production of erythropoietin by an established human renal carcinoma cell line: in vitro and in vivo studies. PMID- 3223411 TI - Construction of a safe and efficient retrovirus packaging cell line. AB - Ecotropic and amphotropic retrovirus packaging cell lines have been constructed in which the helper virus genome have been separated onto two plasmids, and the psi packaging signal and 3' LTR have been removed. The gag and pol genes on one plasmid and the env gene on another plasmid were transfected into NIH 3T3 cells. Packaging cell lines produced by these transfected genes released titers of replication-defective retroviral vectors which were comparable to titers produced by packaging cell lines containing the helper virus genome on one plasmid. There has been no evidence of recombination events between the ecotropic helper virus plasmids and the vector virus plasmid that would result in the generation of intact replication-competent virus. These results suggest that a packaging cell line containing gag, pol and env on different plasmids is efficient and safe for use in retroviral gene gransfer. PMID- 3223412 TI - A tribute to the National Institute of Health. PMID- 3223414 TI - Eicosanoids, apolipoproteins, lipoprotein particles, and atherosclerosis. Proceedings of the Fourth International Colloquium. March 17-19, 1988, Brussels, Belgium. PMID- 3223413 TI - Expression of specific isoforms of protein 4.1 in erythroid and non-erythroid tissues. AB - Protein 4.1 in red cells is an important submembrane linking protein that binds to spectrin actin complexes at one end of its structure and to transmembrane proteins, such as glycophorin, at the other. Protein 4.1 thus contributes to the strength and flexibility of the erythrocyte membrane, a fact dramatically exemplified by the appearance of hereditary hemolytic anemias in patients with absent or abnormal protein 4.1. Recently, protein 4.1 forms have been discovered in many non-erythroid tissues. Their intracellular locations raise the possibility that these isoforms might have different functions. We have thus conducted comparative analysis of erythroid and non-erythroid protein 4.1 forms by cloning and sequencing erythroid and lymphoid protein 4.1 cDNAs. The lymphoid protein 4.1 isoforms exhibit at least five nucleotide sequence motifs that appear to be either inserted or deleted relative to the erythroid mRNA sequence by alternative splicing of a common mRNA precursor. One of these motifs, located within the spectrin-actin binding domain, is found only in erythroid cells and is specifically produced during erythroid cell maturation. The selective expression of this alternatively spliced mRNA during erythroid maturation implies the existence of a lineage specific splicing mechanism whose activity is triggered by terminal maturation. Two motifs alter the 5' untranslated region of the "prototypical" erythroid mRNA in such a way as to permit synthesis of a novel larger isoform. This form appears to localize preferentially in the nucleus. We thus conclude that a single gene gives rise to multiple protein 4.1 isoforms with potentially diverse locations and functions. PMID- 3223415 TI - Modifications in the chemical composition and thermometric behavior of LDL and HDL by probucol in type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 3223416 TI - Cholesterol esterification and net mass transfer of cholesterylesters and triglycerides in plasma from healthy subjects and hyperlipidemic coronary heart disease patients. PMID- 3223417 TI - Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and its action on different substrates. PMID- 3223418 TI - In vivo evidence for cholesterol ester and triglyceride exchange between high density lipoprotein and infused triglyceride rich particles in abetalipoproteinemia. AB - Abetalipoproteinemia is characterized by the absence of chylomicrons, very low density and low density lipoproteins from the plasma. To study neutral lipid exchange between lipoproteins in vivo a chylomicron model, Intralipid R, was infused in an abetalipoproteinemic patient. During a three hour infusion of 250 mg/kg/hr after a priming dose of 100 mg/kg triglyceride, 8% of the triglyceride mass of Intralipid was replaced by cholesterolester, while 8% of the cholesterylester mass was replaced by triglyceride in high density lipoproteins. Thus, the exchange of cholesterylester and triglyceride between high density lipoprotein and triglyceride rich particles in vivo was directly demonstrated in the absence of apolipoprotein B. PMID- 3223420 TI - Molecular analysis of atherogenic lipoprotein particles in adequately controlled type I diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3223419 TI - Enhanced cholesteryl ester transfer activity in cyclophosphamide-treated rabbits: relationship with lipolytic enzymes. PMID- 3223421 TI - Quantitative abnormalities of lipoprotein particles in chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 3223422 TI - Lipoprotein particles in hypertriglyceridemic states. PMID- 3223423 TI - In vivo metabolism of apolipoproteins C-II and C-III in normal and hypertriglyceridemic subjects. PMID- 3223424 TI - Exchange and transfer of apolipoproteins and lipids: impact on lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 3223425 TI - Genetic variation in the apolipoproteins C-II and C-III. PMID- 3223426 TI - Alcohol research from bench to bedside. Proceedings from a symposium. 1987, Bethesda, Maryland. PMID- 3223427 TI - GC/MS assay of prostaglandins in cerebrospinal fluid from humans and monkeys. AB - The objective of this project has been to develop a sensitive and specific assay for prostaglandins in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with alcoholism and appropriate controls using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This study was initiated because numerous literature reports strongly suggest that a relationship exists between ethanol's central nervous system effects and the central production of prostaglandins. In both human and animal studies, administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors prior to administration of ethanol attenuated central nervous system effects of ethanol. Samples from alcoholics after a three week period of abstinence and normals contained none of the measured prostaglandins (PGE2, PGE1, PGF1a, PGF2a, 6-keto-PGF1a) at a concentration more than twice the limit of quantification (3 pg/mL CSF). Comparison of GC/MS and radioimmunoassay methods provided further validation for these results. Literature reports of much higher levels of prostaglandins in normal controls, i.e., tens to hundreds of pg/mL CSF, appear to be incorrect. Examination of monkey CSF provided a positive control, since several of the prostaglandins were easily quantifiable in these samples. PMID- 3223428 TI - Induction of rat hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes by pyrazole and 4 substituted pyrazoles. AB - Pyrazole and 4-methylpyrazole are potent inhibitors of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and as such have been proposed as potential antidotes to alcohol poisoning. These drugs are also inducers of hepatic cytochrome P-450. We tested pyrazole and four 4-substituted pyrazoles for their potential as inducers of cytochrome P-450 and drug metabolism in mature male rats. Total cytochrome P-450 was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) 1.3 fold by treatment with 4 methylpyrazole. P-nitrophenol hydroxylase (PNPH) activity (nmol/min/mg protein) was increased 1.9 fold following treatment with pyrazole and with 4 methylpyrazole. Treatment with 4-methylpyrazole also resulted in a 2.9 fold increase in ethoxyresorufin demethylase (EROD) activity. In addition, pyrazole treatment led to a significant decrease in the activity of benzphetamine demethylase. 4-Iodopyrazole increased the turnover (nmol/min/nmol P-450) of EROD and PNPH by 1.5 fold each. 4-Nitropyrazole had no significant effect on any of the activities or turnover rates tested. In contrast to results with cultured chick hepatocytes, where induction was directly related to the hydrophobicity of the 4-substituent, the present data indicate that the process of induction of in vivo is more complex. PMID- 3223429 TI - Structure and regulation of the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450j. AB - Specific polyclonal antisera against microsomal ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 (P450j, P450IIE) were prepared and utilized to isolate cDNA for P450j from lambda gt11 cDNA libraries. The longest cDNAs encoding P450j of rat and human were completely sequenced. The rat P450j sequence was compared to those of other P450s (P450II gene family members) to determine the structural similarity. Southern blot analysis of rat and human genomic DNAs verified that only a single gene shared extensive homology with P450j. Cloned P450j cDNA and antibodies were used to study the expression of P450j gene during development and by various inducers as well as in pathological conditions. By combination of cDNA hybridization and immunoblot analyses, three types of P450j gene expression were observed: transcriptional activation during development; post-transcriptional activation (probably via protein stabilization) by various inducers such as pyrazole, 4 methylpyrazole, acetone, and ethanol; and mRNA stabilization in diabetic and starved animals. These three different types of P450j induction appeared to be present not only in liver but also in lung and kidney tissues. PMID- 3223430 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of the canine pancreas: applications to acute alcoholic pancreatitis. AB - The first nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of the canine pancreas is described. Both in-vivo, ex-vivo protocols and nmr observables are discussed. The stability of the ex-vivo preparation based on the nmr observables is established for at least four hours. The spectra obtained from the in-vivo and ex vivo preparations exhibited similar metabolite ratios, further validating the model. Metabolite levels were unchanged by a 50% increase in perfusion rate. Only trace amounts of phosphocreatine were observed either in the intact gland or in extracts. Acute alcoholic pancreatitis was mimicked by free fatty acid infusion. Injury resulted in hyperamylasemia, edema (weight gain), increased hematocrit and perfusion pressure, and depressed levels of high energy phosphates. PMID- 3223431 TI - Regulation of vasopressin and oxytocin synthesis in anterior pituitary and peripheral tissues. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP), OT and VP receptors and physiological functions for these two hormones in a variety of peripheral tissues, including anterior pituitary gland. The objectives of this study were to determine if (i) OT and VP genes are expressed in rat testis and anterior pituitary gland and (ii) if osmotic stimulation known to modify the regulation of OT and VP genes in hypothalamus, would modify the expression of these genes in rat testis and anterior pituitary gland. Using oligonucleotide probes (courtesy of Drs. M. Brownstein and W. Scott Young, NIMH) corresponding to the VP gene or OT gene and specific fractions of human OT and VP genes (courtesy of Dr. J. Battey, NCI) subcloned in the pGEM-3 riboprobe system, and Northern blot and slot blot techniques, OT and VP mRNAs were found in rat testis and anterior pituitary gland. When adult male rats (SD) were either deprived of drinking water or offered 2% salt solution as a sole source of drinking fluid for 72 hrs, both OT and VP mRNA levels were increased in hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland and testis. Our data suggest that testis and anterior pituitary gland could also be sites of synthesis of OT and VP and that the same stimulus may regulate these genes in various tissues. PMID- 3223432 TI - A new technique for lipid analysis using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - It has been previously reported that ethanol alters the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and this may be related to alteration of membrane physical properties. Therefore, developing a technique to efficiently analyze lipid molecular species is of value for alcohol research. A new technique which can provide detailed structural information for most major lipid classes has been developed in our laboratory using thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). In this technique, on-line LC separation is achieved with a conventional flow rate and the LC effluent is carried into the mass spectrometer via a heated capillary where it is vaporized and ionized. The results thus obtained for the major lipid classes including fast separation methods and quantitative aspects will be presented. PMID- 3223433 TI - The measurement of D,L-2,3-butanediol in controls and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Plasma D,L-2,3-butanediol was measured in 53 controls and 50 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, none of whom had measurable amounts of blood ethanol. Thirteen of 50 samples from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis had measurable D,L 2,3-butanediol. (range less than 5-154 microM). In one patient with alcoholic cirrhosis who had been abstinent from ethanol for over 5 years plasma levels of D,L-2,3-butanediol ranged between 154 and 211 microM over a one-year period. Only one of the 53 control subjects had detectable levels of D,L-2,3-butanediol. Although it has previously been reported that 2,3-butanediol is present in alcoholics consuming distilled spirits (Rutstein et al. (1983) Lancet ii, 534), this is the first report of the persistent presence of these compounds in alcoholics in the absence of ethanol. Clearly in abstinent alcoholics the presence of 2,3-butanediol is not due to the ingestion of undistilled spirits nor is it likely to arise directly from the metabolic products of ethanol. The presence of D,L-2,3-butanediol in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and its absence in control subjects suggests that this compound may be a marker of some forms for alcoholism. PMID- 3223434 TI - Circadian rhythms of cortisol during alcohol withdrawal. AB - The authors have investigated the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis during and after withdrawal from alcohol. 24 hour rhythms of cortisol were abnormal in that elevated levels were seen throughout the day in patients with moderate to severe, but not mild, withdrawal. This abnormality of circadian secretion of cortisol, which is similar to that seen in Cushing's syndrome and post-operative trauma, returned to normal after a period of one week of abstinence on their in-patient ward. Such excessive secretion of cortisol may explain some of the complications of chronic alcoholism. PMID- 3223435 TI - Acute effects of ethanol on motor performance and movement-related brain potentials. AB - The acute effects of ethanol on skilled motor functions were examined in male social drinkers, under four doses ranging from 0 (placebo) to 1.05 g/kg lean body weight. The movement entailed a forewarned choice transitive motion of the arm and hand, aimed at a flanking target. Performance measures disclosed only small effects of ethanol on speed and accuracy of movement. The simultaneously-recorded movement-related brain potentials disclosed decreased involvement of frontal and posterior brain areas, suggesting that ethanol disrupted the planning and regulation of movement despite the overall preservation of reaction speed. PMID- 3223436 TI - Voltage-clamp models for the study of acute and chronic effects of ethanol on ionic currents in adult mammalian neurons. AB - The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a model system in which the effects of ethanol on voltage- and agonist-gated ionic currents in adult mammalian neurons could be studied using voltage-clamp techniques. We have found that neurons enzymatically isolated from the peripheral (nodose and superior cervical ganglia) and central nervous system (pyramidal layer of the hippocampus) of the adult rat and guinea pig provide several advantages over conventional neuronal preparations (e.g., intact ganglia or brain slice). First, the isolated neurons, in conjunction with the patch clamp technique, allow high fidelity recordings of both macroscopic and single channel currents. Secondly, current- and voltage-clamp recordings have revealed that active and passive membrane properties, chemosensitivity, and ionic currents in the isolated neurons resemble those described from conventional preparations. Finally, we have developed an intracellular perfusion system which allows the convenient control of the intracellular milieu. This technique should be useful for the study of intracellular second messengers on ionic currents. Our results demonstrate that isolated adult mammalian neurons are ideally suited for the study of both the acute and chronic effects of ethanol on membrane excitability. PMID- 3223437 TI - Ethanol's effects on neurotransmitter release and intracellular free calcium in PC12 cells. AB - The effect of ethanol on muscarine-stimulated release of [3H]NE was studied using the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12. At concentrations of 25 mM and above, ethanol produced a dose dependent inhibition of muscarine-stimulated release of [3H]NE. The inhibition of muscarine-stimulated transmitter release occurred in the absence of any effect of ethanol on [3H]NE uptake, metabolism or on muscarinic binding to the cells. However, ethanol produced an inhibition of muscarine-stimulated elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ which corresponded with the inhibition of transmitter release. At concentrations greater than 100 mM, ethanol produced both a stimulation of the release of [3H]NE as well as an increase in intracellular free Ca2+. The increase in basal transmitter release and intracellular free Ca2+ occurred independent of the inhibition by ethanol of muscarine-stimulated elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ or transmitter section. These results demonstrate the relationship of the effects of ethanol on cellular free Ca2+ and neurotransmitter release. PMID- 3223439 TI - [Assessing disorders in the family]. PMID- 3223438 TI - [Health status of children of preschool age and the effect of environmental factors]. PMID- 3223440 TI - The role of the paediatrician in promotion of family health. PMID- 3223441 TI - [Problems of health education and healthy life style in the young family. 1]. PMID- 3223442 TI - [Problems of health education and healthy life style in the young family. 2]. PMID- 3223443 TI - Health education of children and adolescents in Sweden. PMID- 3223444 TI - Health education in preventive child health care in Sweden. PMID- 3223445 TI - [Organization of preventive health care for children in the USSR]. PMID- 3223446 TI - [A program of preventive and health monitoring examinations for children and adolescents in East Germany]. PMID- 3223447 TI - Health screening in schools. The U.S. experience. PMID- 3223448 TI - [Growth monitoring of preschool children]. PMID- 3223449 TI - [Measurement of nerve conduction velocity of the dorsal nerve of the penis]. AB - Tests for evaluating the function of the nervous system in patients with erectile impotence have been performed indirectly with the measurement of nerve conduction velocity in the extremities and other neurological procedures, since it has been technically difficult to measure the nerve conduction velocity of the dorsal nerve of the penis. Calculation of the nerve conduction velocity of the dorsal nerve of penis from values of the bulbocavernosus reflex latency was not reliable and the development of a technique to measure accurately the nerve conduction velocity of the dorsal nerve of penis has been awaited. Ten impotent men were studied, and a precise description was made about the procedure of measuring the orthodromic nerve conduction velocity of the dorsal nerve of the penis. The dorsal nerve of the penis was stretched optimally with a weight of 300 g, and its conduction velocity reached the maximal value. This new methodology is of use in the evaluation of erectile impotence. PMID- 3223450 TI - [A case of retroperitoneal fibrosis demonstrating a remarkable response to steroids]. AB - We present a case of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis that demonstrated a remarkable response to steroids. The patient, a 73-year-old man, complained of left flank pain and weight loss. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated and both CRP and antinuclear factor were positive. DIP showed left hydronephrosis, which proved to be due to the stenosis of the left ureter at the level of L5 by retrograde pyelography. Then abdominal computed tomography revealed a large retroperitoneal mass with the density of soft tissue in which the left ureter was involved. Based upon the above findings, we made the diagnosis of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. After confirming histological diagnosis by biopsy from the mass, we performed left ureterolysis. Since then, he has been treated with steroid administration. Now we can recognize a remarkable reduction of the mass in abdominal CT and improvement of the left renal function in DIP. We reviewed the association of autoimmune disease with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis and recent therapies for this disease. PMID- 3223451 TI - [Ureteritis glandularis: a case report]. AB - A 50-year-old Japanese male hospitalized with the complaint of fever and pyohematuria. An excretory pyelography revealed the right hydronephroureter due to right ureteral stone. When the ureterolithotomy was carried out, a wide-based and rice-sized tumor co-existed at the site of the epithelium of the ureter lithotomized. Resected tumor was pathologically confirmed as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with mitosis. Therefore, total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection was done at 10 days after the first operation. However, malignant cells were not found in the surgical specimen or histologically diagnosed localized glandular ureteritis. He is alive without any evidence of recurrence. It was reported that the glandular metaplasia, a relative rare lesion in the ureter, was correlated with carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma in urothelium. However, when the lesion is small and localized such as in this case it should be treated with ureterectomy and addition of other suitable adjuvant therapies. Furthermore, endourological techniques which have been recently dramatically progressed may become a weapon against this lesion for both treatment and follow-up. PMID- 3223452 TI - [Inhibitory effect of CG-120 on the formation, growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals in vitro]. AB - The inhibitory effect of CG-120 on the formation, growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals was estimated by the use of Coulter counter TA II in the whole urine system and seed crystal method. In the whole urine system, after determining the metastable limit, the formation and growth of calcium oxalate crystals precipitated in response to a load of sodium oxalate was measured. CG-120 had a strong inhibitory effect on the formation and growth above the concentration of 500 micrograms/ml. In the seeded crystal system, inhibitory activity of aggregation (Ia) and growth (Ig) were calculated from the change in the number and volume of crystals. Above 250 micrograms/ml, CG-120 inhibited the aggregation and growth of added CaOx monohydrate and dihydrate crystals. CG-120 therefore might be useful for treating the recurrent stone formers. PMID- 3223453 TI - [Effectiveness of FUT-175, protease inhibitor, as an anticoagulant to hemodialysis]. AB - (6-Amidino-2-naphthyl 4-guanidino benzoate) dimethanesulfonate (FUT-175), a protease inhibitor, has been reported to be an effective anticoagulant during hemodialysis without heparin. The anticoagulant activity of FUT-175 is also reported to be short. We applied FUT-175 to 33 patients who were undergoing hemodialysis and susceptible to bleeding, to avoid the use of heparin. The concentration and anticoagulant activity of FUT-175 were relatively stable during hemodialysis. A 20-40 mg/h dose of FUT-175 prolonged coagulation time sufficiently in the instrumental blood of the extracorporeal circuit but not in the systemic blood. Its anticoagulant activity decreased immediately after hemodialysis. Therefore, we could manage all patients without any bleeding trouble during hemodialysis with FUT-175 as an anticoagulant. Although there were side effects of FUT-175, such as nausea, vomiting, itching and eruption, they were not serious, and FUT-175 could be administered without interruption. FUT-175 seems to be useful as an anticoagulant during hemodialysis for patients susceptible to bleeding. PMID- 3223454 TI - [Clinical and fundamental study of guanabenz in hypertensive patients with renal failure]. AB - Clinical and fundamental study of Guanabenz were performed in 20 hypertensive patients with renal failure, who were treated by maintenance hemodialysis treatment. The patients received 2 mg of Guanabenz orally, twice a day for 3 months or more. The clinical efficacy of good control was attained in 65%, and of fair control in 90%. On the other hand, the objective and subjective effects of Guanabenz were compared between short term (within one year long) hemodialysis patients and long term (over one year) patients. The overall clinical efficacy was higher in short term patients. The serum level of Guanabenz in hemodialysis patients showed a maximum value at 2-4 hours after administration. As Guanabenz might not be removed so much by hemodialysis, the administration schedule and daily dosage were discussed. There were no severe side effects arising from administration of Guanabenz. PMID- 3223455 TI - [Combined treatment of chronic prostatitis with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and hachimi-ji-oh-gan]. AB - Treatment of chronic prostatitis is difficult and many antimicrobial drugs have been tried. Although these drugs showed good permeability into prostatic fluid in experimental studies, they have limited value in clinical use and development of more effective drugs has been anticipated. A study was performed on the effect of Hachimi-ji-ji-oh-gan, a traditional Chinese medicine, for the treatment of chronic prostatitis. Symptoms were improved in 53% of the patients treated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim alone for two weeks and in 84% of those treated with Hachimi-ji-oh-gan in addition to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for two weeks. Since Hachimi-ji-oh-gan has no antimicrobial effect, the drug may change the characteristics of the prostatic tissue or prostatic fluid providing a favorable condition for antimicrobial agents to penetrate into the prostatic fluid. Further examination is necessary to disclose the machanism of Hachimi-ji oh-gan on the effect of prostatitis. PMID- 3223456 TI - [Enoxacin in the seminal fluid of prostatitis patients]. AB - Ten patients with prostatitis were administered with Enoxacin (ENX), and the changes in its concentration in the seminal fluid were studied. For acute prostatitis patients, 600 mg/day of ENX was administered for 5 to 7 days, and for chronic prostatitis patients, 400 to 600 mg/day was administered for 7 to 17 days. Seminal fluid was obtained in the morning of examination and frozen until measurement. ENX was measured by the agar well method using E. coli. The concentration of ENX was 2.69 +/- 0.85 micrograms/ml and 3.98 +/- 2.49 micrograms/ml in acute and chronic prostatitis patients, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. When the dose and method of administration were compared, the mean ENX concentration was 3.65 micrograms/ml in the group administered 600 mg of ENX, while it was 2.60 micrograms/ml in the group administered 400 mg of ENX and not significantly different. When ENX was administered for 7 days, the mean ENX concentration was 3.13 micrograms/ml, but when it was administered for 14 days, it was 3.46 micrograms/ml slightly higher. These results indicate that since the concentration of ENX in the seminal fluid was higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration for the pathogens of prostatitis, ENX may be a clinically effective drug. PMID- 3223457 TI - [Clinical efficacy of mecobalamin in the treatment of oligozoospermia--results of double-blind comparative clinical study]. AB - The clinical efficacy of mecobalamin in the treatment of male infertility was investigated by means of a multicenter collaborative study with 25 participating institutions. The study was carried out as a double-blind, comparative trial using three administration groups: 6,000 micrograms of mecobalamin per day, 1,500 micrograms of mecobalamin per day and a placebo group for 12 wk. The following results were obtained. 1. The total number of evaluated subjects was 375, consisting of 125 in the 6,000 micrograms/day mecobalamin group, 124 in the 1,500 micrograms/day mecobalamin group and 126 in the placebo group. There were no significant differences among the three administration groups in terms of the patient's background factors. 2. When all of the patients were analyzed, there were no statistically significant differences among the three administration groups in terms of the efficacy in relation to the sperm count or the motility rate. 3. However, it was decided to perform a more detailed analysis of the therapeutic efficacy in patients whose pretreatment sperm counts were 20 x 10(6)/ml or less. The reasons for this decision were two-fold: 1) There was a large degree of fluctuation in patients whose pretreatment sperm counts showed a mean value of more than 20 x 10(6)/ml for two or more determinations, and it was surmised that this fluctuation might have masked any therapeutic effect in those cases. 2) The WHO definition of oligozoospermia was recently decided as a sperm count of 20 x 10(6)/ml or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223458 TI - [A method of measurement of human testicular follicle-stimulating hormone receptors]. AB - We established the assay conditions for human testicular FSH receptors using testicular tissues obtained from ten patients with prostate cancer. Based on the results of the time course study on specific FSH binding with increasing concentrations of the testicular homogenate at various temperatures, we found that the incubation was suitable at 25 degrees C for 20 hours using 10 mg wet tissue per tube. Scatchard analysis of specific FSH binding sites showed that FSH receptors in the human testicular tissue consisted of two classes of binding sites, one with a high affinity (Ka, 10(9) M-1) and the other with a low affinity (Ka, 10(8) M-1). PMID- 3223459 TI - [Testicular follicle-stimulating hormone receptors in idiopathic male infertility]. AB - To ascertain whether abnormalities in testicular binding of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are related with spermatogenic impairment found in idiopathic male infertility, we measured FSH receptors in testicular tissues obtained by biopsy from 48 infertile men. The 48 infertile men were divided into 3 groups by histological grading using Johnsen's score count, and testicular FSH receptors among these groups were compared. Although 9 of the 18 infertile men with low Johnsen's score count and 5 of the 15 men with middle score count had no obvious FSH binding sites with high affinity, all 15 men with a high score count had high affinity FSH binding sites. In connection with high affinity binding sites for FSH, maximum binding number (Bmax) decreased significantly with the degree of spermatogenic impairment, but the association constant (Ka) was similar among the 3 groups. The present findings demonstrate that the decrease in testicular high affinity binding sites for FSH is related with the degree of spermatogenic impairment found in idiopathic male infertility. PMID- 3223460 TI - [Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for children]. AB - We performed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on a 5-year-old and 8 year-old. Ureteral calculi in both patients were disintegrated, and all fragments were passable spontaneously. The 5-year-old girl was the youngest of the cases of ESWL reported in Japan. As this patient was 107 cm in height, we put a styrofoam layer on the back of this patient. This protected her lung from the shock wave, and the height limit was released from the ESWL treatment. These cases and the peculiarities and devices for ESWL in the pediatric field are discussed. PMID- 3223461 TI - [Intravesical ectopic recurrence of bladder tumors]. AB - Conservative therapy, preserving bladder function, is most commonly done for the treatment of bladder tumors. However, prevention of intravesical ectopic recurrence remains to be the major postoperative problem. Between April, 1969 and March, 1986. 144 patients were treated conservatively at our Hospital. Initial recurrence occurred in 36.8% of the conservatively treated cases. Second recurrence occurred in 73.2% twice the rate of initial recurrence. No differences were noted between the recurrence rate of single and multiple tumors. Overall recurrence rate according to histological grade was 0% for Grade 0, 36.4% for Grade 1, 36.8% for Grade 2, and 50.0% for Grade 3. The overall recurrence rate of the group without postoperative prophylactic adjuvant therapy was 37.0%. The overall recurrence rate according to postoperative prophylactic adjuvant therapy was 28.6% for intravesical Mitomycin C (MMC) instillation, 30.0% for intravesical Adriamycin (ADM) instillation, 36.8% for external irradiation, 42.9% for fluorouracil (5FU) administration and 100% for 5FU + intravesical instillation. As a whole 5FU is not effective. However, in 1 patient who had had seven previous recurrences, no recurrence has occurred for over seven years after 5FU administration. Effect of adjuvant therapy differs in each case and cannot be regarded in the same light. High grade, high stage, and large (greater than 3 cm) tumors show a high recurrence rate. Progression (grade up, stage up) occurred in 11.3% of the recurrence cases. PMID- 3223462 TI - [Clinical evaluation of total cystectomy for bladder carcinoma: a ten-year experience]. AB - Fifty-three patients with primary bladder carcinoma underwent total cystectomy during the past 10 years. Ages ranged from 32 to 87 years old, with an average of 68.2 years. Radical total cystectomy, including systemic lymphadenectomy was performed in 22 cases, simple total cystectomy in 8 cases and salvage total cystectomy in 23 cases. An ileal conduit was made for urinary diversion in 23 cases and the other 26 cases underwent cutaneous ureterostomy. Postoperative mortality was 9.4% (5 of 53 cases) and postoperative complications were noted in 17 of the 53 cases (32.1%). The 5-year cumulative survival rate by the life table method for all the cases was 42.6%. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of radical total cystectomy cases was 67.8%, that of simple total cystectomy cases was 50.0% and that of salvage total cystectomy cases was 7.5%. A significant difference was seen between the first 2 groups and the last group. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of the patients with low stage cancer (pTis, pTa, pT1 and pT2) was 56.1% and that of the patients with high stage cancer (pT3, pT4) was 22.7%. A significant difference was observed between the two groups. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of the patients with grades G1, G2 and G3 cancer was 66.7, 45.4 and 26.7% respectively. A significant difference was seen among the three grades. PMID- 3223463 TI - [Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the treatment of recurrent superficial bladder tumors]. AB - Seven patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumors were treated by vesical and intradermal administration of BCG. All of these patients have had recurrence more than 2 times. BCG instillation was performed every weeks for 6 weeks after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. A suspension containing 120 mg BCG in 40 ml normal saline was instilled intravesically. BCG was administered into alternate upper thighs using a multiple puncture apparatus. Statistical analysis of bladder tumor in our hospital revealed the second recurrence rate to be 73.2%. The reduction of tumor recurrence rate of BCG treated patients was 43.0%. The reduction of tumor recurrence by BCG treatment was statistically significant, compared to other treatments. It seemed that patients with severe side effects such as bladder tenesmus and urinary infection, have a long tumor-free period. Therefore, we suggest that the reactive inflammation in bladder during BCG treatment plays an important role. PMID- 3223464 TI - On the role of sawdust in the development of mastitis in cows. PMID- 3223465 TI - Seasonal variation of selenium status of Norwegian dairy cows and effects of selenium supplementation. PMID- 3223466 TI - Histology of the post partum equine uterus as determined by endometrial biopsies. PMID- 3223467 TI - An outbreak of septic endometritis in the Arctic blue fox (Alopex lagopus) caused by Clostridium carnis. PMID- 3223468 TI - Influence of the local tolerance on the pharmokinetics of two penicillin G preparations in cattle and swine. PMID- 3223469 TI - The effect of transportation/relocation on cortisol, CBG and induction of puberty in gilts with delayed puberty. PMID- 3223470 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to serotype specific antigens of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2. PMID- 3223471 TI - Postpartum reproductive function in Finnish Ayrshire and Friesian cows after three subsequent parturitions. PMID- 3223472 TI - Relationship between rectal findings of corpus luteum and whole milk progesterone levels in postpartum dairy cows. PMID- 3223473 TI - Milk progesterone samples in identifying cycling dairy cows. PMID- 3223474 TI - Effect of postpartum live weight loss on reproductive functions in dairy cows. PMID- 3223475 TI - Pancreatic duct obstruction in the pig: electron microscopy of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 3223476 TI - Quantitative estimation of residual milk in bovine udders--a methodological study. PMID- 3223477 TI - Cephenemyia ulrichii Brauer 1862, in Swedish moose. PMID- 3223478 TI - Pregnancy rate and foetal mortality in Aleutian disease virus infected mink. PMID- 3223479 TI - A descriptive study of vocational programs in residential schools for the deaf. PMID- 3223480 TI - Implications of time-on-task research for teachers of the hearing impaired. PMID- 3223481 TI - Can Johnny have time to read? PMID- 3223482 TI - The language experience approach: its use with young hearing-impaired students. PMID- 3223483 TI - Interpreting for deaf-blind students: factors to consider. PMID- 3223484 TI - Documenting syntactically and semantically incomplete bimodal input to hearing impaired subjects. PMID- 3223485 TI - What do parents want in parent education? PMID- 3223486 TI - Social support from a friend, perceived support, and social problem solving. AB - This research combined experimental and correlational methods to investigate the effects of social support on social problem-solving effectiveness and perceived stress. During a wait period, college students were given the opportunity to work on practice items from a mildly stressful social problem-solving task, either alone or in the company of a close friend. Participants and friends were allowed to talk about the practice items but were not required to do so, and supportive transactions were tape recorded and content analyzed. All students then completed social problem-solving and perceived stress items alone. Participants who waited with friends did not show superior problem-solving effectiveness unless companions provided particular supportive behaviors. Participants with high perceived support scores rated the experiment as less stressful than those with low scores, but perceived support was not related to companions' actual supportive behaviors. The results were discussed in terms of implications for understanding the mechanisms of social support. PMID- 3223487 TI - Upsetting social interactions and distress among Alzheimer's disease family care givers: a replication and extension. AB - Although several studies have suggested that negative aspects of relationships have a greater impact on mood than positive elements, the individuals in these studies have been victims of life crises. To assess the generality of these findings, social support and mood data were collected from two well-matched groups that differed with respect to the presence of a chronic stressor in their lives. The 34 family care-givers for Alzheimer's disease victims and 34 comparison persons (non-care-givers) did not differ in the frequency of contacts, the closeness of their relationships, or ratings of the helpfulness or upset associated with the relationships. However, while upset accounted for a significant portion of the variance in care-givers' depressive symptoms in regression equations, neither upset nor helpfulness was significantly related to mood in non-care-givers. Care-givers whose relatives had more symptomatic Alzheimer's disease behaviors were more distressed and described their relationships with others as more upsetting. Implications for interventions and for the contextual importance of upsetting or negative support are discussed. PMID- 3223488 TI - The social supports of suicide attempters: the different roles of family and friends. AB - The social support patterns of a sample of 101 suicide attempters were compared with the patterns of a control sample on the basis of structured interview data. Network characteristics and the extent of support in different functional categories were examined as to their absolute and relative power to discriminate between the suicide attempters and the controls. A clear separation of the functions of kin and of friends/acquaintances emerged. The crucial difference between the attempters and the controls lay in the number of friends with whom the subjects had agreeable everyday interactions and in the number of kin that provided crisis support, both psychological and instrumental. Other support differences between the two groups were of secondary importance. While there was no overall difference in the frequency of social interactions between the two groups, the size of the social network differed greatly. Consequences for the conceptualization and measurement of social support as well as for the prevention of suicidal behavior are discussed. PMID- 3223489 TI - Effects of a televised smoking cessation intervention among low-income and minority smokers. AB - In November 1985, a television smoking cessation program was broadcast for 20 days on the noon and 9 p.m. news. Smokers in West Garfield Park, an inner-city impoverished area of Chicago, were randomly assigned either to a comprehensive intervention or to a no-intervention control condition. Although 100,000 self help manuals had been distributed throughout Chicago, none of the controls in this low-income area had obtained a manual. The intervention consisted of providing the smokers a self-help manual, the televised broadcast, weekly support meetings, and supportive phone calls. At a 4-month follow-up, 20% of treatment participants were abstinent compared to 9% of controls. The results indicated that intensive supplementary opportunities enhanced participation by low-income smokers in a media smoking cessation program. PMID- 3223490 TI - Surveys of community attitudes toward mental health facilities: reflections or provocations? AB - This paper points out how political motives behind community research may affect the outcome. The case of public opposition to psychiatric halfway houses in Hong Kong is used as an illustration. These mass surveys related to the issue are reviewed to show how the different public opinions expressed may be affected by the objectives, context, sample, and content of the surveys. PMID- 3223491 TI - Pregnancy in women with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX): high risk condition for fetus and newborn infant? AB - Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), is one of the few autosomal recessive progressive storage diseases allowing affected individuals to reproduce. We investigated 38 CTX patients and most of their families. The possibility of a high risk situation for the fetus and/or the apparently healthy newborn infant born to CTX mothers and female carriers of the gene is discussed for genetic counseling purposes and in view of available treatment. PMID- 3223492 TI - Achondroplasia with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - A 41-year-old-white man with achondroplasia has been followed intermittently since age 27. During this time, he has complained of neck and back pain with limited mobility in both. Other problems have included temporomandibular joint pain, dysuria without apparent urinary tract infection iritis, anemia, and an elevated gamma globulin fraction. Recently he returned to the clinic complaining of rigidity of the entire spine. Radiographs showed complete fusion of the sacroiliac joints and fusion of the cervical vertebral bodies and apophyseal joints, consistent with ankylosing spondylitis. He was found to be HLA B-27 positive. This case illustrates the importance of considering other diseases whenever atypical orthopedic problems arise in patients with a bone dysplasia. PMID- 3223493 TI - Dandy-Walker malformation in Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. AB - We report on 2 Old Order Amish patients with Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome and the Dandy-Walker malformation; a similar case is noted in the literature. Pedigree analysis of our patients documents extensive inbreeding in successive generations. Considering the rarity of EvC syndrome and Dandy-Walker malformation as isolated malformations, the appearance of both in our 2 patients plus the patient in the literature suggests that Dandy-Walker malformation may be a manifestation in the EvC syndrome. However, in this isolate the coincidental occurrence of 2 rare recessive traits cannot be excluded. PMID- 3223494 TI - Cohen syndrome: a connective tissue disorder? AB - Mitral valve prolapse and severe gastroesophageal reflux with hiatal hernia were found in a girl aged 2 years, 4 months with Cohen syndrome. The clinical manifestations suggest the presence of a connective tissue disorder in the patient. PMID- 3223495 TI - Familial dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is generally considered a sporadic, nongenetic disorder, and reports of familial cases are often regarded as rare occurrences. Results of the present investigation of 6 families with this disorder suggest that familial forms of dilated cardiomyopathy occur more frequently than previously suspected. The familial nature of the dilated cardiomyopathy was not readily apparent in 3 of these families until thorough family investigations had been performed. The clinical symptoms and age of onset were variable from one family to another and within families. Based on these observations, it is recommended that all persons diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy have a thorough review of their family history. If there are any cases of unexplained heart disease, sudden unexpected death or syncopal episodes, further investigations of relatives should be performed. Echocardiography is a convenient noninvasive tool for investigating relatives. Early diagnosis of affected relatives is important for 2 reasons--treatment of significant arrhythmias may prevent sudden unexpected death, and genetic counseling can be provided. PMID- 3223496 TI - Hypomagnesemia masking the appearance of elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations in familial pseudohypoparathyroidism. AB - A 21-yr-old postpartum woman was found to be hypocalcemic and hypomagnesemic with a normal serum immunoreactive parathormone level (hypomagnesemic hypoparathyroidism). She was treated with calcitriol, calcium and magnesium. Two yr later the patient's son presented with tetany, hypocalcemia and the physical changes of pseudohypoparathyroidism. Subsequently, the patient's niece and nephew were also diagnosed with pseudohypoparathyroidism (low serum calcium, high serum phosphorus, high circulating immunoreactive parathormone). Re-evaluation of the patient on the above medical therapy showed a normal serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels and an abnormally high serum immunoreactive parathormone level. The patient's magnesium supplementation was discontinued. No change in serum calcium, magnesium or parathormone levels resulted. We think that this patient demonstrates that hypomagnesemia can mask the laboratory presentation of pseudohypoparathyroidism by suppressing secretion of parathormone and further demonstrates that in pseudohypoparathyroidism the parathyroid gland retains its physiologic response to hypomagnesemia. PMID- 3223497 TI - Corpus callosum agenesis, facial anomalies, Robin sequence, and other anomalies: a new autosomal recessive syndrome? AB - We describe findings in four children, three of whom are sibs, who appear to have the same, previously undescribed multiple congenital anomaly (MCA) syndrome. The main manifestations include agenesis of the corpus callosum, telecanthus, short palpebral fissures, small nose with anteverted nares, Robin sequence, abnormal ears, redundant neck skin, laryngeal anomalies, cardiac defect, short hands, and hypotonia. The presence of this condition in sibs of each sex suggests that autosomal recessive inheritance is the most likely cause. PMID- 3223498 TI - Sensorineural deafness, hypospadias, and synostosis of metacarpals and metatarsals 4 and 5: a previously apparently undescribed MCA/MR syndrome. AB - We report on a young man with a syndrome of mental retardation, abnormalities of the brain, sensorineural deafness, hypospadias, bilateral synostosis of the 4th and 5th metacarpals and metatarsals, and abnormal dermatoglyphics. This appears to be a previously undescribed MCA/MR syndrome. PMID- 3223499 TI - Arachnodactyly and unusual dermatoglyphics: study of a case. AB - Clinical and dermatoglyphic findings are reported on a 3-yr old girl with multiple congenital anomalies and unusual dermatoglyphics. The anomalies, including contractural arachnodactyly, rhizomelia (a relative shortening of the proximal segment of the limbs), skin dimples, clinodactyly, disharmonic hand bone maturation, absent, hypoplastic and unusually positioned digital and metacarpophalangeal flexion creases, are not indicative of Marfan syndrome, but it is unclear what this syndrome constitutes. Among the child's most striking dermatoglyphic features, the fingertip patterns (mostly large whorls with extralimital triradii) extend proximally to the middle phalanx and are associated with unusually placed triradii. The furrows between the epidermal ridges are narrower on the volar aspects of the middle and distal phalanges than on the proximal phalanges and palms, resulting in a higher ridge density in the former areas. Dermatoglyphic comparisons between the proposita and her parents are provided. These dermatoglyphic aberrations may indicate the presence of a deleterious agent active during the period of the development of the ridge configurations and of the digital flexion creases. PMID- 3223500 TI - Amnion rupture sequence in previable fetuses. AB - Amnion rupture sequence is considered an uncommon, sporadic condition among liveborn infants. We have examined 1,010 previable fetuses (9-20 weeks developmental age) to determine the incidence and nature of amnion rupture sequence at this stage of development. We found 18 affected fetuses (15 spontaneous and 3 induced abortions) with the incidence of 1:56. Eleven fetuses had limb constrictions and amputations only; 7 fetuses also had nonlimb involvement, including disruptions of the craniofacial region mimicking encephalocele, unusual facial clefts, and abdominal defects. In 6 pregnancies, constrictions of the umbilical cord by amniotic bands were the cause of fetal intrauterine death. PMID- 3223501 TI - Evaluating clinical competence with the new Fieldwork Evaluation. AB - The new Fieldwork Evaluation for the Occupational Therapist has been developed and tested through a series of field tests. With use, careful attention to issues arising from its application, and additional research, the Fieldwork Evaluation can be retained and updated to meet changes in clinical education and evaluation procedures. PMID- 3223502 TI - Linking purpose to procedure during interactions with patients. AB - Occupational therapists' use of goal statements during interactions with patients can extend far beyond the care-planning session. Each treatment session provides an opportunity to match goals decided upon by the patient and therapist with a structured activity, thus endowing that activity with a therapeutic purpose. This article presents a rationale for discussing with patients the purpose and relevance of any procedure. The rationale for providing information and explanation is based on current health care trends, traditional occupational therapy assumptions, and the often ambiguous nature of activity, occupational therapy's primary modality. PMID- 3223503 TI - Independent living skills groups in a level I fieldwork experience. AB - Since 1985, the Tufts University-Boston School of Occupational Therapy has experimented with a service model for Level I fieldwork that uses independent living skills (ILS) groups. Under the off-site supervision of the course instructor and a Level I coordinator, students taking an Advanced Group Process course have run ILS groups in community agencies using faculty- and staff developed group protocols. Populations served have included adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities, adults with psychosocial dysfunction, well geriatric adults, and single mothers. The response of area clinicians has been very positive--the number of settings willing to accept students for this experience has more than doubled since the ILS groups have been introduced. This approach to Level I fieldwork, which does not require as much faculty time as do other service models currently in use, could be applied to other Level I experiences and provide a structure for expanding occupational therapy into nontraditional community settings. PMID- 3223504 TI - Burnout in occupational therapists. AB - Burnout is a job-related condition involving feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981a) is the instrument most widely used to measure job-related stress in human service professions, such as occupational therapy. This study explored the application of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for use with occupational therapists. The subjects were 99 registered occupational therapists residing in the southeastern United States. Mean scores lower than the aggregate occupational norms provided by the test's authors on the Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization subscales supported the need to develop specific norms for occupational therapists. Results of this study indicate that use of the aggregate norms would underestimate the level of experienced burnout. Correlational analyses delineated significant relationships between age and Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, education and Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, years of work as an occupational therapist and Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment, years in the present position and Personal Accomplishment (intensity only), hours of direct patient contact and Emotional Exhaustion (intensity only), and hours of direct patient contact and Depersonalization (frequency only). These correlates of burnout furnish clues for understanding the development of work-related stress in occupational therapists. PMID- 3223505 TI - Occupational therapy code of ethics. PMID- 3223506 TI - Shoe donner. PMID- 3223507 TI - Optometry and science. PMID- 3223508 TI - Rigid gas permeable contact lenses in hyperbaric environments. AB - We studied the wearing of hard gas permeable contact lenses during decompression in a hyperbaric environment. Twenty-four exposures of three different lens materials were carried out in a hyperbaric chamber. The dry air dive profiles were: 45.72 m (150 ft) for 30 min and 15 min; 22.86 m (75 ft) for 15 min; and 11.43 m (37.5 ft) for 15 min. Bubbles occurred under all lens types; they were seen at simulated depths as shallow as 1.98 m (6.5 ft) after the least stressful exposure. Due to the tissue offgassing half-time of the eye, it is unlikely that the bubbles are a result of nitrogen from the eye. They probably arise from the tear layer. PMID- 3223509 TI - Effect of TNO red-green glasses on local stereoacuity. AB - Local stereoacuity was reduced when red-green anaglyph glasses were worn. Glasses were from the TNO stereotest. Without these glasses, all 15 subjects had good or almost good local stereoacuity. With the glasses, all stereoacuities were reduced but one subject still had a good stereoacuity of 8 sec arc. Reductions with the TNO anaglyph glasses ranged from 2 to 34 sec arc. The TNO test was also performed to see if there was a difference between local and global stereoacuity while wearing the glasses. Results were similar for 6 subjects, all of whom had the best TNO stereoacuity of 15 sec arc. Global (TNO) stereoacuity was worse than local stereoacuity for the other subjects with the most extreme difference being 464 sec arc. If aniseikonia was induced by the red-green glasses, this could not have contributed to a reduction in either local or global stereoacuity. PMID- 3223510 TI - An objective VER assessment of visual acuity compared with subjective measures. AB - Visual acuity was estimated by making amplitude measurements of the transient visually evoked response (VER) wave to pattern reversal using check sizes of 5.5, 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5 min arc. As in previous studies the 5.5 min arc check produced a response which reflected the visual acuity of the high acuity subjects, but often failed to produce a VER wave at the low acuity end. The proposal is made that where the 5.5 min arc check produces an acceptable wave (amplitude greater than 1.5 microV) then the regression line for the 5.5 check can be used to predict visual acuity. Where the VER amplitude is below 1.5 microV for this small check size then a second recording must be made using the 9.5 min arc check and the visual acuity predicted from the 9.5 check regression line. PMID- 3223511 TI - Quantitative photorefraction using an off-center flash source. AB - When an eye is refracted by "eccentric photorefraction" with a flash source off centered from a camera lens, a crescent of light is formed in the margin of the pupil. The size of the crescent varies directly with the eye's refractive error. This photographic method has been used in vision screening studies of young children where the appearance of a crescent indicated that the refractive error was above a certain threshold. Usually quantification of the refraction could not be achieved by the photorefractor but relied upon subsequent testing using retinoscopy. My research aimed to expand eccentric photorefraction so as to enable it to provide quantification of the eye's refractive error. This was achieved by varying the eccentricity of the flash source from the camera lens and then calibrating the instrument over a large range of refractive errors. The calibration modified a previously derived optical relation which defined the eye's refractive error in terms of the eccentricity of the source for a given pupil size. Eccentric photorefraction of 26 infants and children aged 7 to 48 months showed a good correlation with retinoscopy (r = 0.82). It is concluded that this method would be complementary to other photorefractive methods (e.g., isotropic) particularly as it is able to measure a large range of refractive errors once the astigmatic meridians of the eye are known. PMID- 3223512 TI - The International Optometric and Optical League. PMID- 3223513 TI - Undercorrection and myopia development. PMID- 3223514 TI - Sociometrics of Macaca mulatta: II. Decoupling centrality and dominance in rhesus monkey social networks. AB - The concept of the linear dominance hierarchy and a much less precise notion of a central/peripheral ordering of individuals have been prominent among the ideas about social organization of monkey groups. Although the latter has seldom been quantified, the ranks of individuals in the two orders are usually assumed to be correlated. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of a free-ranging group of rhesus monkeys. The individual histories of progression of dominance rank and an independently determined measure of centrality in the social grooming network are compared among a set of males. Centrality is not a static correlate of dominance rank as implied by the findings of short-term studies. Rather, centrality is a more sensitive indicator of status than is dominance rank, to which it is related in a dynamic fashion. Small changes in dominance rank may be followed by large changes in centrality. An increase in centrality may facilitate rise in dominance rank. These findings suggest a complex psychology of status, rather than a simple causative relation between the two variables. PMID- 3223515 TI - Three components of genetic drift in subdivided populations. AB - Wright's metaphor of sampling is extended to consider three components of genetic drift: those occurring before, during, and after migration. To the extent that drift at each stage behaves like an independent random sample, the order of events does not matter. When sampling is not random, the order does matter, and the effect of population size is confounded with that of mobility. The widely cited result that genetic differentiation of local groups depends only on the product of group size and migration rate holds only when nonrandom sampling does not occur prior to migration in the life cycle. PMID- 3223516 TI - Statistical analysis of the migration component of genetic drift. AB - Statistical methods are introduced for analysis of the migration component of genetic drift, i.e., of the stochastic changes that affect allele frequencies during migration between local groups. Attention focuses on alpha M, a parameter that measures the extent to which this component of drift departs from the ideal of independent random sampling, and which can be interpreted as a measure of the extent to which migration is kin-structured. It is shown that alpha M can be estimated from genetic data, even in the absence of information about the genealogical relationships of migrants, and Monte-Carlo simulations are used to approximate the sampling distribution of the estimator under the null hypothesis of independent random sampling. Application of these methods to data from the Aland Islands, Finland, shows that the migration pattern there is consistent with the hypothesis of independent random sampling. PMID- 3223517 TI - Spread and maintenance of a disease in a structured population. AB - The patterns of interactions among different groups of individuals in a structured population is an important factor affecting the ease of establishment of a disease and the rate of spread of the disease in a population. A model for the spread of a disease in such a population is described. The model considers two levels of interaction: interactions between individuals within a subpopulation because of geographic proximity, and interactions between individuals of the same or different sub-populations because of attendance at common social functions. Analysis of the model leads to sufficient conditions which determine maximum subpopulation sizes which allow the disease to be maintained in the population. These conditions are inequalities relating the removal rate of infectives to the infection rate of susceptibles. Results are discussed for both idealized movement patterns and for the spread of hepatitis A among day care centers in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In addition, the basic structures of the contact matrices necessary to extend the model to deal with vector-borne diseases and with sexually transmitted diseases are discussed. PMID- 3223518 TI - Human dental reduction: natural selection or the probable mutation effect. AB - Dental reduction has been sufficiently widespread among human populations to render the phenomenon of reduced tooth size worthy of scientific explanation. One of the most controversial models invoked to explain structural reduction in organisms is referred to as the "probable mutation effect" (PME). According to this model, structures no longer functional owing to ecological or cultural changes will experience a relaxation of selection pressure, permitting an accumulation of mutations in the population that inevitably will result in the reduction in size or the loss of the concerned structure. Although the PME continues to be offered as a viable explanation of human dental reduction, it is based upon several premises that modern dental clinical experience fails to support. Known enzyme defects resulting from mutations, factors predisposing to dental infections, and the deleterious effects of teeth that are too large or too small reveal that the PME does not logically account for the reduction of tooth size. Given such information, this paper proposes models of dental reduction based upon natural selection, which, unlike the PME, are testable in both modern and archaeological populations. The integration of clinical and skeletal data permits a more thorough understanding of dental reduction in the hominid fossil record. PMID- 3223519 TI - Gluteus maximus muscle function and the origin of hominid bipedality. AB - Bipedality not only frees the hands for tool use but also enhances tool use by allowing use of the trunk for leverage in applying force and thus imparting greater final velocity to tools. Since the weight and acceleration of the trunk and forelimbs on the hindlimbs must be counteracted by muscles such as m. gluteus maximus that control pelvic and trunk movements, it is suggested that the large size of the cranial portion of the human gluteus maximus muscle and its unique attachment to the dorsal ilium (which is apparent in the Makapan australopithecine ilium) may have contributed to the effectiveness with which trunk movement was exploited in early hominid foraging activities. To test this hypothesis, the cranial portions of both right and left muscles were investigated in six human subjects with electromyography during throwing, clubbing, digging, and lifting. The muscles were found to be significantly recruited when the trunk is used in throwing and clubbing, initiating rotation of the pelvis and braking it as trunk rotation ceases and the forelimb accelerates. They stabilize the pelvis during digging and exhibit marked and prolonged activity when the trunk is maintained in partial flexion during lifting of heavy objects. PMID- 3223520 TI - A cognitive unconscious? PMID- 3223521 TI - Some psychological functions of language. PMID- 3223522 TI - Care and confidence. PMID- 3223523 TI - Reconstruction and repetition: the significance of time-lags in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. PMID- 3223524 TI - The twinship: a paradigm towards separation and integration. AB - The twinship paradigm describes a pattern of dyadic, quasi-object relationship, the purpose of which is to facilitate differentiation, separation, and integration. Twinships can arise at any point in the life cycle, when the self faces a developmental impasse. The twin functions as an alter-ego. Twin selection is based on two principles, namely, sympathetic resonance of experience, and difference. The two essentials of the resonance are similarity of developmental task, and similarity of obstacles to its accomplishment. The essentials of the difference lie in the fact that the twin is seen either as an idealized alter ego, or as the carrier of the self's intolerable aspects. Twinships can collapse, in the presence of massive investment in the archaic symbiotic bond. They then lose their transitional status, and can degenerate into a fixation on a separation-impeding dyadic mode of relating. PMID- 3223525 TI - Diane Arbus and the demon lover. PMID- 3223527 TI - [Industrial aspects of the production and consumption of medical oxygen at home]. PMID- 3223526 TI - Ovarian histopathology of bitches immunized with porcine zonae pellucidae. AB - The ovarian histopathology of bitches immunized with crude (cPZP) or partially purified (pPZP) porcine zona pellucida proteins was examined in order to determine the cause of abnormal estrous cycles. The majority of immunized bitches had ovarian cytes. Those immunized with cPZP had follicular cysts lined with a thin layer of granulosa cells, while in those immunized with pPZP, the cysts were lined by a basement membrane with a clump of luteinized cells. In two bitches immunized with cPZP, oocytes were present only in primordial follicles. Similar abnormalities were not found in a bitch immunized with human serum albumin or in 12 untreated bitches. Oocytes flushed from the oviducts of mated, immunized bitches were degenerating, which may have been a primary cause of infertility in such bitches. Ovaries studied 2-6 weeks after immunization showed no loss of gap junctional communication between oocytes and granulosa cells, nor was any inflammatory reaction seen. IgG was bound to the zona as revealed by fluoresceinated protein A staining of frozen sections of those ovaries. Abnormal estrous cycles in PZP-immunized bitches appear to result from follicular dysgenesis or cyst formation, but the etiology of these conditions is unresolved. PMID- 3223528 TI - [Oxygen extractors]. PMID- 3223529 TI - [Portable liquid oxygen and the choice of a source]. PMID- 3223530 TI - [Evaluation of the endocrine function of the placenta and the feto-placental complex (clinical lecture)]. PMID- 3223531 TI - [Nature of the polarity of the maternal-fetal functional system and its role in the pathogenesis of threatened abortion]. PMID- 3223532 TI - [Complex study of the feto-placental system and therapeutic tactics in intrauterine fetal growth retardation]. PMID- 3223533 TI - [Effect of fetal anoxia and asphyxia neonatorum on the main indicators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism]. PMID- 3223534 TI - [Biochemical indicators of maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid in fetal anoxia]. PMID- 3223535 TI - [Placental characteristics in fetal growth retardation syndrome]. PMID- 3223536 TI - [Diagnostic value of the hydrolytic method of determining the degree of fetal lung maturity]. PMID- 3223537 TI - [Functional status of fetuses and newborn infants of mothers with arterial hypotension treated by laser acupuncture]. PMID- 3223538 TI - [Characteristics of humoral immunity in newborn infants with low body weight]. PMID- 3223539 TI - [Characteristics of adaptation of newborn infants after the first and repeated cesarean section]. PMID- 3223540 TI - [Instant postnatal adaptation of newborn infants and preclinical diagnosis of its disorders]. PMID- 3223541 TI - [Methodologic approach to the study of health indicators in women and children]. PMID- 3223542 TI - [Functional status of the hemostasis system in physiological pregnancy and late toxicosis]. PMID- 3223543 TI - [Biochemical indicators of the regulation of uterine contractility in twin pregnancy]. PMID- 3223544 TI - [Comparative characteristics of various indicators of body reactivity in patients with septic complications after cesarean section and in women with a normal course of the postoperative period]. PMID- 3223545 TI - [Peptidergic regulation of the processes of gestation and labor in mammals]. PMID- 3223546 TI - [The system for identifying groups at risk of delivering large fetuses]. PMID- 3223547 TI - [Problems of rendering emergency care to newborn infants with heart defects]. PMID- 3223548 TI - [The role of maternal-fetal HLA compatibility in prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 3223549 TI - [Characteristics of the cardiovascular system of newborn infants born to mothers with rheumatic heart defects]. PMID- 3223550 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of Ivemark's syndrome]. PMID- 3223551 TI - [Incidence of anovulation, chromosomal gametopathies and embryo development after chronic poisoning of female rats with alcohol before pregnancy]. PMID- 3223552 TI - [Fetal growth retardation syndrome: its pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3223553 TI - [The World Health Organization working for the puerpera and the newborn infant]. PMID- 3223554 TI - [Conservative treatment with methotrexate in a case of cervical pregnancy]. PMID- 3223555 TI - [Autostimulation of the nipples as an endogenous oxytocin test]. PMID- 3223556 TI - [Effect of sex hormones on the synthesis-secretion function of venous myocytes]. PMID- 3223557 TI - [Diagnostic value of separate curettage in women with genital bleeding in the menopause]. PMID- 3223558 TI - [Diagnostic value of retrograde sphincterometry in stress urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3223559 TI - [Clinico-microbiological trial of the preparation pinol A]. PMID- 3223560 TI - [Placenta percreta--a case report]. PMID- 3223561 TI - [A case report of prolonged abdominal pregnancy]. PMID- 3223562 TI - [Pregnancy in a rudimentary horn--a report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3223563 TI - [Use of a synthetic cervical dilator in induced abortion]. PMID- 3223564 TI - [A method and computer program for determining alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the serum of pregnant women]. PMID- 3223565 TI - The use of medicinal plants by the Alaska natives. PMID- 3223566 TI - [Inert and live materials]. PMID- 3223568 TI - [Tell the truth to the patient?]. PMID- 3223567 TI - [Pornography and health]. PMID- 3223569 TI - [Sexually transmitted diseases in the woman]. PMID- 3223570 TI - Stationary-phase ligand density effects in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of proteins. PMID- 3223571 TI - Mixed plant tissue-carbon paste bioelectrode. PMID- 3223572 TI - Application of surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering spectroscopy to the analysis of covalently modified electrode surfaces. PMID- 3223573 TI - A dynamic model for the elucidation of a mechanism of analyte transformation in an inductively coupled plasma. PMID- 3223574 TI - Estimation of rate constants using statistical moments of spatially resolved signal profiles for the elucidation of analyte transformation mechanisms in an inductively coupled plasma. PMID- 3223576 TI - Multicomponent suppression of fluorescent interferants using phase-resolved Raman spectroscopy. PMID- 3223575 TI - Laser-induced double resonance fluorescence of lead with graphite tube atomization. PMID- 3223577 TI - Cobalt phthalocyanine/cellulose acetate chemically modified electrodes for electrochemical detection in flowing streams. Multifunctional operation based upon the coupling of electrocatalysis and permselectivity. PMID- 3223578 TI - The anatomy of flavor. PMID- 3223579 TI - Determination of thiocytosine using its enhancement effect on the copper anodic stripping wave. PMID- 3223580 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in water. PMID- 3223581 TI - "Zero-crossing" derivative spectrophotometric determination of mixtures of cephapirin sodium and cefuroxime sodium in pure form and in injections. PMID- 3223582 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of certain cephalosporins using molybdophosphoric acid. PMID- 3223583 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of some pharmaceutically important nitro compounds in their dosage forms. PMID- 3223584 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of isoniazid using 6,7-dichloroquinoline-5,8 dione. PMID- 3223585 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical samples. PMID- 3223586 TI - Determination of fluoride in drinking water and sea water by aluminium monofluoride molecular absorption spectrometry using an electrothermal graphite furnace. PMID- 3223587 TI - Re-examination of the determination of environmental nitrate as nitrite by reduction with hydrazine. PMID- 3223588 TI - Application of gas-liquid chromatography to the analysis of essential oils. Part XIV. Monographs for five essential oils. Analytical Methods Committee. PMID- 3223589 TI - Derivative spectrophotometric determination of clemastine fumarate in pharmaceutical preparations. PMID- 3223590 TI - Direct 1H NMR determination of the enantiomeric excess of carnitine. PMID- 3223591 TI - Postnatal development of the annulospiral endings of Ia fibers in muscle spindles of the mouse temporal muscle. AB - The formation of the annulospiral endings of Ia fibers in muscle spindles was investigated in the temporal muscle of developing mice. From 15 to 20 d after birth, there were only a few spindles with "++" sensory endings. With growth of mice, the primary endings of the Ia fiber began to develop its spiral endings. And by the 30th postnatal day (that is, after weaning), almost all of the Ia fibers had completely coiled endings though the formation was still continuing in some spindles at this time. Formation of the annulospiral endings of the Ia fibers of muscle spindles in the temporal muscle was completed earlier than that of fibers in the spindles in the masseter muscle. PMID- 3223592 TI - Endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of a stomachless teleostean fish. AB - Endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the stomachless teleostean fish, Notemigonus crysoleucas, were studied using electron microscopy. Located between the absorptive cells of the intestinal epithelium, the enteroendocrine cells were very few in number. While some of the cells had their secretory granules located basally and a long narrow part extending toward the lumen, many appeared rounder and the plane of the section did not indicate that they extended to the lumen. Based upon size and shape of secretory granules, there appear to be several different types of cells: those with the smallest granules distributed throughout the intestine, those with intermediate sized granules more commonly found in the middle and distal segments and a few with large granules seen most often in the distal intestine. PMID- 3223593 TI - Morphological changes of the adrenal gland following soft-laser irradiation of the pineal gland. AB - We present the results obtained in the adrenal gland of white rats (average weight 220 g) following irradiation of the pineal gland with laser light. Irradiation was carried out with a 5 mW Politec 750 Helium-Neon laser. Total irradiation time was 5 min, with rest intervals of 1 min for every minute of irradiation. Pineal gland irradiation was done under "open sky", i.e., directly at the gland. The effects of the suprarenal gland were studied 3, 7 and 10 d postirradiation. Morphological signs of an increasing activity have been observed in all layers of the cortex and in the medulla of the gland. The highest increase was found 7 d after irradiation in the fascicular zone and in the medulla, and after 3 d in the glomerular and reticular zone. We suggest that laser light induces an inhibitory effect observed at the suprarenal gland. This effect is similar to that found following pinealectomy, showing once again that the pineal gland exerts control on the suprarenal gland, mediated by luminous stimuli. PMID- 3223594 TI - [The morphology of the circulus arteriosus cerebri in rabbits and its changes following unilateral carotid ligation]. AB - Kallocryl casts showed in all cases that the circulus arteriosus is closed in the rabbit. This refutes claims to the contrary in the literature. Attention is drawn to contradictions in the nomenclature denoting the parts of the circulus. According to our observations, in the rabbit only the caudal part of the circulus, mainly the caudal communicans artery, is implicated in the compensation of unilateral ligature of the common carotid artery. PMID- 3223595 TI - [Morphologic studies of the extrahepatic bile ducts in infancy, childhood and youth]. AB - Morphology of the extrahepatic bile ducts was examined with light microscopic methods in 55 human cases from the age of 28 gestational weeks up to 19 years. We found that barrel-shaped cells, rod-shaped cells and goblet cells are obligatory components of the bile duct epithelium in infancy. Tunica fibromuscularis of extrahepatic bile ducts consists of connective tissue. Increase of collagen fibers and fibers stained by resorcin fuchsin was observed during development. Neither in hepatic bile duct nor in common bile duct a muscle layer exists. A third of all bile ducts was free of muscles. Sparse muscle bundles in the other cases seem not able to generate bile duct motility. A morphological correlate to the sphincter of Mirizzi and Bernhard we did not find. Tunica adventitia and surrounding connective tissue contain many spacious lymphatic vessels. PMID- 3223596 TI - Descriptive and functional myology of the back and hindlimb of the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena, L. 1758). AB - The musculature of the back and hindlimb of Hyaena hyaena is described and the functional implications of some morphological aspects of muscles and skeleton are discussed. The trunck is characterized by its robustness. The thoracic cage is wide and long, the lumbar spine is short and the sublumbar musculature is less developed than in Canidae and Felidae. The well-developed gluteal muscles, M. biceps femoris and Mm. adductores are, in combination with the long os femoris, powerful stabilizers and retractors of the hindlimb. The relatively wide and flat articulation surfaces enables the transmission of large forces between the joints of the hindlimb. This morphology is considered as an adaptation to stabilizing the body while the hyena carries large and heavy load. PMID- 3223597 TI - [Sex dimorphism of quantitative parameters of the masticatory muscles and skull of the rabbit]. AB - The dry weight of the muscles of mastication and the size of the skull in the rabbit were studied from the 45th to the 225th d of life. Sexual dimorphism in the dry weight of the muscles of mastication appeared after the 100th d, the weight being higher in the case of the males. Sexual dimorphism of the skull affected only the zygomatic arch, the dimensions of the zygomatic arch in the male being greater than in the female from the 120th d on. The 2 differences are considered in relation to each other. PMID- 3223598 TI - [Microscopic-anatomic changes of the temporomandibular joint structure in miniature swine due to unilateral occlusion disorders]. AB - The influence of artificial unilateral occlusal disturbances on the structure of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle cartilage was investigated by an experimental study using the miniature pig "MINI-LEWE". After a burden over 20 weeks the side exposed to occlusal disturbance (right TMJ) turned out to have unchanged histological proportions in comparison with control animals. The condyles of the side with pressure loading (left TMJ) exhibited but a changed histological picture. Cartilage resorptions as well as accumulations of large blown chondrocytes indicate an increased tissue reaction within the chondroblastic layer near spongiosa. The morphometric investigations confirm these results. A significant increase was observed in cell density within the chondroblastic layer of the most superior point of the left condylus due to the permanent disturbance of the normal masticatory function. PMID- 3223599 TI - Variations in the shape of foramen magnum in Indian skulls. AB - 200 skulls from anthropology museum of GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, U.P., India, were studied to note the variations in the shape of foramen magnum. Foramen magnum was found to be variable in shape: Shapes noted were oval (64%), hexagonal (24.5%), pentagonal (7.5%), irregular (3.5%) and round (0.5%). The findings are hitherto not reported. PMID- 3223600 TI - A morphologic and biochemical evaluation of the spider syndrome in Suffolk sheep. PMID- 3223601 TI - The arterial supply of the male reproductive system in the hamster. PMID- 3223602 TI - Density of toruli tactiles in the Japanese monkey. PMID- 3223603 TI - Centrifugal fibers in the chick retina. A morphological study. PMID- 3223604 TI - Morphological observations on the erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes of blue tongue lizards (Lacertilia: Scincidae, Tiliqua). PMID- 3223605 TI - Microvasculature of the foal metacarpus. PMID- 3223606 TI - Hair dye effects on the hair coat and the skin of the dog: a scanning electron microscopic study. PMID- 3223607 TI - Cholinergic innervation of the main and the accessory olfactory bulbs of the rat as revealed by a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase. AB - The main and accessory olfactory bulbs (MOB and AOB) of the rat were immunohistochemically stained with a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in order to know the difference in the distribution patterns of cholinergic fibers between these two structures. A few ChAT immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the superficial and middle parts of the external plexiform layer (EPL) of the MOB, in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the MOB, and in the GCL of the AOB. The frequency in appearance of these cells was 0.9 cells/section in the MOB and 0.3 cells/section in the AOB. While the glomerular layer (GL) and the superficial part of the EPL were most densely innervated in the MOB, the internal plexiform layer received the richest innervation in the AOB. There were no immunoreactive structures in the olfactory nerve layer of the MOB and in the vomeronasal nerve layer and glomerular layer of the AOB. In addition to a relatively homogenous distribution of cholinergic fibers in the MOB and AOB, there were several foci of very dense network of immunoreactive fibers at the posterior level of the OB. These foci formed a part of the modified glomerular complex that was recently identified using 2 deoxyglucose method and was presumed to be related to suckling behaviour in the neonatal rat. PMID- 3223608 TI - The structure and development of the collar enameloid in two teleost fishes, Halichoeres poecilopterus and Pagrus major. AB - Histologically the outer layer of the collar enameloid obviously differs from the inner layer, and it has a degree of mineralization nearly as high as the cap enameloid which has the highest. In the stage of matrix formation, the organic matrix of the collar enameloid contains a number of collagen fibers, and odontoblasts display features suggesting that these cells actively synthesized and secreted collagen. A number of cell processes, matrix vesicles and some cell debris which were probably derived from the odontoblasts were observed in the organic matrix of the collar enameloid. We consider that the majority of the organic matrix in collar enameloid originates from the odontoblasts. In the stage of maturation, collagen fibers were not observed in the outer layer of the collar enameloid in demineralized specimens. In the IDE cells during this stage, the complex infoldings of cell membranes developed in the distal portion, and several lysosomal granules and irregular-shaped granules containing many tubular structures, were observed in the distal cytoplasm. In the ODE cells, abundant labyrinthine canals appeared in the cytoplasm, and capillary vessels were found close to the outer surface of the ODE cells. We assume that the higher mineralized outer layer of the collar enameloid is made possible by the absorptive and transport functions of the epithelial cells during the stage of maturation. It is considered that the collar enameloid in this study was initially produced by the odontoblasts and then reconstructed by the epithelial cells, so that the collar enameloid differs from true enamel. PMID- 3223609 TI - The lamina cribrosa of Ornithorhynchus (Monotremata, Mammalia). AB - A vestigial and transitory lamina cribrosa was found in nestling platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). The heads of two nest-young (180 and 333 mm length), one subadult and one adult Ornithorhynchus were serially sectioned and studied with special reference to the development of the nasal region. In nest-young Ornithorhynchus an irregularly shaped bar of cartilage develops at the foramen olfactorium advehens. In the subadult it is largely resorbed, and in the osseous skull of the adult it is completely lacking. Ontogeny and topographical relationships of this bar of cartilage indicate that it is part of a lamina cribrosa. It embraces the ramus medialis of the nervus ethmoidalis and the arteria ethmoidalis, as do the corresponding parts of the lamina cribrosa of Tachyglossus. Compared to other parts of the chondrocranium this bar develops late in ontogeny, as does the lamina cribrosa of other mammals. Therefore, it can be concluded that part of the lamina cribrosa is present for a short period during the ontogeny of Ornithorhynchus, contrary to earlier reports. As in many other water-adapted mammals, the olfactory system of Ornithorhynchus is reduced. This suggests that the rest of the lamina cribrosa of Ornithorhynchus is secondarily reduced. The common ancestor of Ornithorhynchus and Tachyglossidae most probably possessed a lamina cribrosa which can be traced back to the common mammalian stock. The lamina cribrosa developed only once in the phylogeny of mammals. Its lack in the adult Ornithorhynchus is not a "reptilian" character. PMID- 3223610 TI - Intersex mice composed of androgen insensitive Tfm and wild-type cells analysed by 3H dihydrotestosterone autoradiography. AB - The X-linked testicular feminization mutation (Tfm) in the mouse is characterized by an androgen receptor defect. Due to random X-chromosome inactivation, XTfm/X+ heterozygotes are mosaics with respect to Tfm. They are composed of androgen receptor deficient XTfm cells and normal X+ wild-type cells. If Tfm heterozygotes are converted to XX males by the sex reversal factor (Sxr) the mosaicism is expressed. Therefore in sex reversed Tfm heterozygotes (XTfm/X+-Sxr) intersexual sex organs develop. In five intersexes with small male accessory glands and hypospadia and one heavily feminized intersex with vagina and caudally dislocated deferent ducts the mosaic is visualized by 3H-DHT-autoradiography. In the epididymis differentiated wild-type cells show nuclear labeling, whereas undifferentiated Tfm cells are unlabeled. Unlabeled Tfm cells are also encountered in the vesicular glands of the heavily feminized animal, demonstrating that Tfm cells can participate in the formation of male sex glands. The urethral glands of the mosaic animals are composed of unlabeled Tfm lobules exhibiting the female phenotype of the glands, and of labeled wild-type lobules exhibiting the male phenotype. Formation of a vagina and deviation of the deferent ducts is correlated with lack of androgen binding sites in the connective tissue. PMID- 3223611 TI - An in vitro model of gonad differentiation in the chick embryo. Roller cultures in gas permeable biofoil bags. AB - Embryonic gonads of 6 1/2 to 12 days old chick embryos were enzymatically dissociated. The cell suspensions were cultured in small gas permeable bags of foil (Biofolie Heraeus) in a roller culture apparatus. The cells formed multiple small aggregates, in which sex specific differences developed within two days. In cell suspensions of embryonic testes smooth spheric aggregates formed with well delineated testicular cords in the center and a tunica albuginea-like mesenchymal layer at the outside. Most of the male germ cells were incorporated in the central cords. A number of germ cells were barred from entering the cords by the tunica albuginea-like mesenchymal layer and populated the outer surface of the aggregates. The aggregates of left ovary were irregular in shape and characterized by clusters of germ cells residing in an outer cortical zone. The aggregates of the right ovary, which regresses in vivo, showed poor growth and did not differentiate, thus, indicating that the suppression of right ovary was not removed in culture. In the roller cultures of dissociated embryonic gonads male and female morphogenesis was mimicked in a reproducible manner, so that the system can be used for further experimental studies of gonadal development. PMID- 3223612 TI - Spatial and temporal correlation between early nerve fiber growth and neuroepithelial cell death in the chick embryo retina. AB - The distribution of cell death in the ventral pycnotic zone of the chick embryo retina was studied in Hamburger-Hamilton's stages 16 to 25 (2 1/2 to 4 1/2 days of incubation). The number of fragments appearing in the retina increases notably from stage 20 at which stage they are limited almost exclusively to the optic disc region. At the same time optic fibers are seen in this area for the first time. In stage 24 cell death phenomena are numerous in the ventral retina, and become even more extensive in the following stage. Stage 25 meanwhile sees a drop in cell death in the dorsal retina. The overall picture presented by cell remains and young ganglion cells indicates that in stages 19-23 cell death occurs mainly in the zone between the ganglion cells of the posterior pole and the optic stalk. In the stage 25 retina most of the cell fragments of the ventral retina are found on either side of the fissure, while ganglion cells in the process of sending out axons toward the fissure appear laterally (nasally and temporally) to these zones of degeneration. Hence a spatial and temporal correlation is established between fiber growth and neuroepithelial cell degeneration, allowing us to construct a hypothesis with regard to the role that cell death might play in setting up an initial pattern of optic fiber growth. PMID- 3223613 TI - Study of the origin of connective tissue sheaths of peripheral nerves in the limb of avian embryos. AB - Quail-chick and chick-quail chimeras were constructed by grafting, isotopically, the limb bud of quail embryos into a chick of the same developmental stage and vice versa, prior to the entry of nerve fibres into the limb. After 5-14 days reincubation of the embryos, the components of the connective tissue sheaths of the peripheral nerves were observed by using Feulgen-Rossenbeck staining and light microscopy, in order to distinguish quail cells and chick cells. In all the chimeras studied, the connective tissue sheaths of peripheral nerves (the epineurium, perineurium, perineural septa and endoneural fibroblasts) were formed from the mesenchyme of the limb bud, while Schwann cells were of host origin. Also the outer and inner capsule of muscle spindles originated from the limb bud mesenchyme. These experiments suggest that the connective tissue sheaths of peripheral nerves (at least in the limb region of avian embryos) are not of neural crest origin, but are formed from limb bud mesenchyme. PMID- 3223614 TI - Closure of the posterior neuropore in the vl mutant mouse. AB - Alterations in the surface topography of cells in the apical neural folds of the posterior neuropore were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy in normal (+/+) and abnormal (vl/vl) embryos characterized by lumbosacral dysraphism. In early embryos (14-25 somites) surface features distinguishing the neuroepithelial cells, transitional zone cells, and surface ectoderm cells were similar in normal and abnormal embryos, as were the arrangement and configuration of filopodia and lamellipodia. However, in embryos with approximately 26-36 somites, the transitional zone of the abnormals showed a profusion of large blebs and excrescences along the entire length of the posterior neuropore. By 36 somites, the posterior neuropore was still variably open in the abnormals, in contrast to normal embryos in which no external opening could be detected. In view of the abnormalities associated with the transitional zone, it is possible that the underlying mechanism that results in lumbosacral spina bifida in this mutant may involve putative neural crest cells. PMID- 3223615 TI - [Intraoperative monitoring of spontaneous ventilation of the lungs in children during general anesthesia]. PMID- 3223616 TI - [Effect of hypercalcemia on the electrocardiogram in the early period after operations with artificial circulation]. PMID- 3223617 TI - [Experimental study of the therapeutic effect of a calcium channel blocker foridon in the post-resuscitation period]. PMID- 3223618 TI - [Various characteristics of central hemodynamics and oxygen balance in patients with severe mechanical trauma in relation to the course of the post-traumatic period]. PMID- 3223619 TI - [ECG of patients with brain tumors during neurosurgical operations]. PMID- 3223620 TI - [Prevention and treatment of posthypoxic encephalopathies]. PMID- 3223621 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in acute experimental compression-dislocation syndrome]. PMID- 3223622 TI - [Development of ischemic edema of the brain in long-term hemorrhagic shock: its pathophysiological and ultrastructural basis]. PMID- 3223623 TI - [Preoperative status of the function of external respiration and postoperative complications in patients with lung cancer]. PMID- 3223624 TI - [Dura mater permeability: its experimental evaluation on the model of epidural morphine analgesia in the age and segmental aspects]. PMID- 3223625 TI - [Use of UV-spectrometry in the diagnosis of septic complications in multiple trauma]. PMID- 3223626 TI - [General anesthesia with kalipsol during operations on the temporal bone in children]. PMID- 3223627 TI - [Treatment of decompensated metabolic alkalosis by intravenous administration of sorbamine after thoracic and abdominal operations]. PMID- 3223628 TI - [Disorders of water-electrolyte, oxygen and acid-base homeostasis in patients with anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 3223629 TI - [Evoked potentials in cranio-cerebral trauma]. PMID- 3223630 TI - [Gas microembolism caused by equipment for artificial circulation. Its significance, causes and prevention]. PMID- 3223631 TI - [Indicators of glycated proteins in the diagnosis of diabetes. Use in populations with a high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies]. AB - The authors compare the relative validity of HbA1c and fructosamine as indices of long-term blood glucose levels in population with a common occurrence of haemoglobinopathies. HbA1c levels in patients with haemoglobinopathies do not reflect the glucidic status of patients when compared to HbA1c levels in reference population. Validity of the fructosamine assay allows its potential use as a mass screening test for diabetes in these populations (USA, Africa, Caribbean...). PMID- 3223632 TI - [Application of a method of analysis using high performance liquid chromatography of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid to determine the phenotype of acetylation]. AB - The described method is adapted from Moulin to measure plasma levels of isoniazid (INH) and acetylisoniazid (AINH) after extraction, HPLC separation and UV detection (254 nm). INH and AINH plasma levels of 109 patients aged between four months to 87 years were measured, allowing dosage individualization. The ratio of AINH to INH (Rm) three hours after administration was calculated. Rm allows determination of the patient acetylation phenotype: in fast acetylators with INH half-life shorter than 1.8 h, Rm is greater than 0.77 and in slow acetylators with INH half-life longer than 1.8 h, Rm is less than 0.48. PMID- 3223633 TI - [Advantages and limits of use of chromazurol B in the determination of siderosis]. PMID- 3223634 TI - Laboratory tests in monitoring drug administration (Document F, Stage 3, Version 1). PMID- 3223635 TI - Evaluation of biological effects of drugs (Document C, Stage 3, Version 1). PMID- 3223636 TI - Clinical laboratory tests on laboratory animals during toxicity studies (Document D, Stage 3, Version 1). PMID- 3223637 TI - Laboratory tests during clinical trials (Document E, Stage 3, Version 1). PMID- 3223638 TI - [Controlled hypotension: a future indication for calcium inhibitors?]. PMID- 3223639 TI - [Epidural analgesia after thoracic surgery: morphine versus buprenorphine]. AB - A double-blind study was carried out to assess the efficiency and possible side effects of a single epidural injection of either morphine or buprenorphine at equipotent doses after elective thoracic surgery. The series included 24 patients aged 53.7 +/- 11.4 years; 13 underwent a lobectomy and 11 a pneumonectomy. 6 h after the last intravenous injection of fentanyl, the patients were randomly allocated to one of three equal groups. They received an epidural injection at T8 9 or T9-10 level of either 100 micrograms.kg-1 morphine (group M) or 6.6 micrograms.kg-1 buprenorphine (group B) or a subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml.kg 1 normal saline placebo at the same level (group T). The following parameters were measured 20 and 60 min, and every 6 h up to 48 h after the injection: patient wakefulness, respiratory rate, blood gases, pain (according to a verbal scale), FVC and FEV1, adverse effects (euphoria, hallucinations, sweating, facial pruritus, nausea) and atelectasis. The duration of surgery, the anaesthetic protocol, the age, weight and height, as well as all the parameters before injection were similar in all three groups. There was a fall in pain intensity from the 20th min to the 24th hour in group M and from the 20th min to the 36th hour in group B, significant for both groups when compared with group T. Similarly, there was a prolonged increase in FEV1 in both groups M and B. There was no case of severe respiratory depression; PaCO2 was increased at the 1st hour (+0.3 +/- 0.6 kPa) in group B and at the 6th hour (+0.5 +/- 0.7 kPa) in group M.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223640 TI - [Automated monitoring of respiratory parameters in the anesthetized patient in mechanical respiration]. AB - The constant monitoring of respiratory elastance and resistance can be of interest in patients who present a high risk of peroperative bronchospasm. The constant inspiratory flow method, proposed by Bates et al. (J Appl Physiol, 58: 1840, 1985) was chosen and automated. The inspiratory flow rate and pressure were measured respectively by a pneumotachograph linked to a differential pressure, and by a differential pressure transducer, both placed at the outlet of the inspiratory circuit. The pressure and flow signals were low-pass filtered, sampled, and then processed by an Apple II microcomputer, in order to obtain respiratory elastance and resistance. New results were displayed on the screen about every minute. The automated method was first tested in a series of 18 guinea-pigs; the respiratory parameters were compared with those obtained by the occlusion method proposed by Rossi et al. (J Appl Physiol, 58: 1849, 1985). They were found not significantly different and very strongly correlated (p less than 0.001). The ability of the constant flow method to detect changes in respiratory mechanics was then tested in a series of nine patients, after anaesthetic induction. The results obtained were in accordance with those previously published: a rise in both respiratory elastance and resistance. After giving 1 mg atropine intravenously, the respiratory resistance fell rapidly over a 5 min period, and then reached a plateau. The constant flow method, which avoids interruption in the mechanical ventilation and is sensitive to small changes in respiratory parameters, appears particularly convenient for the peroperative monitoring of patients. PMID- 3223641 TI - [Acute pulmonary edema following airway obstruction and cardiac tamponade related to mediastinal tumor]. AB - A case is reported of acute airway obstruction and pulmonary oedema of mixed origin (cardiogenic and non cardiogenic), occurring in a patient after surgical treatment for pericardial tamponade due to a mediastinal tumour. This 45 year old female patient had a non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mostly located within the anterior and middle mediastinum. When she developed cardiac tamponade, emergency cardiac decompression was carried out. The surgical procedure went well, despite an episode of severe hypotension. Immediately after extubation, she developed paradoxical breathing with retraction and cyanosis. She was reintubated and ventilated. The chest X-ray showed bilateral alveolar infiltrates, mostly around the hilar. Two hours later, she was again extubated and developed again the same respiratory failure. This time, she was intubated and ventilated for 48 h. She was then extubated with no problem. It seemed most probable that transmission to the interstitial space of a negative intrapleural pressure due to the inspiratory efforts made against an occluded airway was the principal mechanism responsible for the accumulation of fluid to this space. PMID- 3223642 TI - [Peroperative bronchospasm during surgery of hydatid cysts]. AB - A case is reported of isolated bronchospasm occurring during the removal of two hydatid cysts in the same patient at the same time. This 44 year old man already had had a hydatid cyst removed one year previously; no complication had occurred at the time. The patient had a past history of asthma, easily treated by salbutamol spray. All went well until the first cyst was manipulated: the ventilating pressures rose, and wheezing rhonchi appeared in both lung fields. This bronchospasm was resistant to an increase in anaesthetic depth, to salbutamol, terbutaline, steroids and 3% halothane for 15 min. It however disappeared completely as soon as the cyst was removed. There were no other signs of an anaphylactic reaction. The same thing occurred during the removal of the second cyst. Postoperative investigations showed the patient to be sensitized to house dust and mites. His asthma is confirmed. Allergologic tests showed no reaction with the anaesthetic drugs used, but a hypersensitivity to the echinococcal antigens. The bronchospasm was probably due to the increased bronchial sensitivity of this patient. PMID- 3223643 TI - [Asymptomatic electrical myocardial necrosis during the infusion of betamimetics in status asthmaticus]. AB - A case is reported of a 56 year old woman admitted for status asthmaticus. She had no known history of cardiovascular disease. During the infusion of salbutamol, there appeared signs of myocardial infarction on the ECG trace. The patient did not complain of any symptoms suggestive of myocardial infarction. Closer cardiac examination and ultrasound revealed features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The first ECG carried out on admission was in fact in favour of this diagnosis. The pathogenesis of this myocardial infarction is discussed: the long lasting hypoxaemia and the tachycardia induced by the salbutamol simulated hard exercise, poorly tolerated by patients suffering from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Also, this type of cardiomyopathy is known to be associated with impaired myocardial vasodilator reserve and small vessel coronary artery disease. PMID- 3223644 TI - [An unusual cause of cyanosis]. AB - A case is reported of a 37 year old man who was involved in an accidental shell blast. He was admitted with black tattooing of his face, forearms, hands and legs. Repair of the severe ocular lesions and the surgical debridement of his burns required general anaesthesia. This lasted for 6 h; throughout, haemodynamic and respiratory parameters remained stable. The Pao2 was 130 mmHg. During recovery, cyanosis was noted despite a Pao2 of 65 mmHg with 92% Sao2, a normal chest X-ray and stable normal haemodynamic parameters. This paradoxical situation suggested a toxic haemoglobinopathy. Biochemical investigations revealed severe methaemoglobinaemia (40%) due to percutaneous absorption of dinitrobenzene (DNB), a constituent of the 1917 bomb. The amount of DNB absorbed had been unknowingly reduced by the surgical brushing of the burned skin. The classical treatment of methaemoglobinaemia, associated with two plasmaphereses to remove the toxic substance, were successful. Normal arterial blood gases associated with chocolate brown coloured arterial blood should make one suspect methaemoglobinaemia. PMID- 3223645 TI - [Polyurethane catheters and antineoplastic chemotherapy. An experimental study]. AB - An in vitro study of the effect of cytotoxic drugs on polyurethane catheters was carried out. The drugs used--vincristine, doxorubicin, cisplatin and carmustine- damage the surface of silicone elastomer catheters. The irregularities produced seem to be preferential sites for thrombus formation and adhesion of bacterial microcolonies. Electron microscopy examination of the catheters dipped in the drug solutions for different time intervals revealed the appearance of different patterns of damage. The irregularities produced seemed to be less pronounced than for silicone catheters. Polyurethane was highly sensitive to doxorubicin. These changes could well have clinical repercussions. The compatibility of catheters and drugs should be routinely tested before being put on the market. PMID- 3223646 TI - [Respiratory obstruction during anesthesia in children with malignant mediastinal lymphoma]. AB - In children with a malignant mediastinal lymphoma, acute respiratory occlusion can be a life-threatening complication during general anaesthesia. 26 cases have been reported since 1973, with five deaths. There were 23 boys for 3 girls, aged between 13 months and 18 years. The hazards of anaesthesia in these children are described. The risk of airway obstruction should be assessed preoperatively. General anaesthesia, carried out with the patient half-sitting, should be aimed at maintaining spontaneous breathing, and therefore muscle relaxants should be avoided. The anaesthetist should also be prepared to change the patient rapidly to a lateral or prone position; a rigid bronchoscope should always be at hand. Preoperative awareness of the risk of respiratory occlusion in these patients is essential so that the correct anaesthetic technique can be chosen and the postoperative course prepared. PMID- 3223647 TI - [Registration of peranesthetic cases of malignant hyperthermia in France. An update]. AB - Sixty-two suspected crises of anaesthetic malignant hyperthermia (MH) were collected between 1969 and 1988 by a retrospective inquiry which lasted four years. 33 patients (53%) died whilst 29 survived. 20 cases were confirmed to be MH, either directly or indirectly by way of muscle biopsy and halothane and caffeine contracture tests carried out according to the European MH group protocol by two laboratories. This group included 11 of the deaths, one family member of whom, at least, is sensitive (MHS), 7 MHS survivors and 2 survivors too young to undergo muscle biopsy but belonging to MHS families. 21 cases were highly suspect of MH: 15 of the deaths which occurred in a typical way, and 6 patients of three different families who have suffered from anaesthetic deaths which, clinically, suggested MH. Another 15 were possible MH cases, all survivors, including one case of Steinert's disease and a brother of a case of central core disease. 2 cases were still being debated, because they had equivocal results for the caffeine test (MHEc); the last 4 had negative muscle biopsies and were excluded. 33 close relatives of the MH patients were diagnosed as MHS. 44 others were found to be free from the genetic predisposition. It was strongly recommended to yet 11 others that they carry the MHS card because they were MHEc. The clinical, surgical and anesthetic pictures were always as described in the literature. The anaesthetic protocols included inhalational agents in 90% of cases; these were combined with suxamethonium in 55% of cases. Dantrolene was only used in 32% of cases, and then at inadequate doses and very often too late; this probably explains the large number of treatment failures. The number of severe forms of MH was also very high in this series (70%). The need to increase the means of prevention and screening for MH in France is stressed. PMID- 3223648 TI - [Paraprosthetic aortic infections. Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties]. PMID- 3223649 TI - [Prevention of toxic accidents of local anesthetics]. PMID- 3223650 TI - [Interdigital blocks]. PMID- 3223651 TI - Determination by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the optimal dose of staphylococcal leukocidin for systemic immunization of dairy cows. AB - A dose-response study was conducted to determine the optimal dose of staphylococcal leukocidin toxin to use for systemic vaccination of lactating dairy cows. Each of 5 groups of cows (8 cows/group) were given 2 injections of crude leukocidin (dose range, 9 to 2,700 mg). Antileukocidin antibody concentration in milk samples collected before vaccination and at 4 and 10 weeks after vaccination was determined by use of an ELISA. The highest antibody concentration at postvaccination sample collection dates was observed in cows of the group immunized with 900 mg of leukocidin. This appeared to be the optimal vaccination dose for production of antileukocidin antibodies in the mammary gland of lactating cows. PMID- 3223652 TI - Granular mucosal lymphocytes in porcine small intestine. AB - A subpopulation of purified, interepithelial lymphocytes from porcine small intestinal mucosa contained cytoplasmic granules. Toluidine blue staining revealed metachromatic granules in 13.64% (606/4,450) cells. The cells had scant organelles, a single large nucleus with obvious invagination of the nuclear membrane, and prominent chromatin. Each cell contained 1 to 10 cytoplasmic membrane-bound granules, 0.6 to 1.5 micron in diameter. These findings indicated that the granular mucosal lymphocytes are related morphologically to mucosal mast cells. The presence of serotonin in the granules, confirmed by the serotonin releasing test, provided functional evidence that granular mucosal lymphocytes are related to mucosal mast cells. PMID- 3223653 TI - Serum antibody response to canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus-1, and canine distemper virus in dogs with known status of immunization: study of dogs in Sweden. AB - Serum antibody titers to canine parvovirus (CPV), canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1), and canine distemper virus (CDV) were measured in dogs with known immunization status. The dogs represented 3 groups: nonvaccinated dogs less than 12 months old; vaccinated dogs less than 12 months old; and adult dogs greater than 12 months old. For practical reasons, the population from which the specimens were obtained could be considered as free from natural infection with CAV-1 and CDV. In nonvaccinated dogs less than 12 months old, antibodies against all 3 viruses were measured at the time the dogs were given their first vaccination. Altogether, 50.7% of the dogs had titer greater than or equal to 1:10 to CPV, and 26.1 and 46.2% had titer greater than or equal to 1:8 to CAV-1 and CDV, respectively. The concentration of maternal antibody seemed to be of major importance for failure of immunization with use of inactivated CPV vaccine, but not with CAV-1 and CDV vaccination. In dogs less than 12 months old and vaccinated against CPV infection with inactivated virus, only 11.5% had titer greater than or equal to 1:80. In dogs vaccinated against infectious canine hepatitis and canine distemper, 63.2 and 78.3%, respectively, had titer greater than or equal to 1:16. In adult dogs greater than 2 months old and vaccinated against CPV infection, less than 50% had titer greater than or equal to 1:80, regardless of time after vaccination. There was no significant difference in titer between vaccinated and nonvaccinated dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223654 TI - Identification of viral antigens that induce antibody responses on exposure to coronaviruses. AB - Various techniques were used to look for protective, non-cross-reactive antibodies in the sera of cats exposed to virulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Antibodies reactive with feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) from FIPV-exposed cats were adsorbed by several passages over an FECV-Sepharose column. In an ELISA against FECV and FIPV, the activity against both viruses was removed at the same rate; thus, no FIPV-specific antibodies could be identified. By gel electrophoresis-derived ELISA, the responses of cats surviving FIPV exposure were compared with those of cats succumbing to FIPV exposure to determine whether survival could be correlated with an antibody response against a particular virus protein. Results indicated that both groups responded in the same way to the matrix envelope protein and nucleocapsid proteins. Even though the response to peplomer in each group was weak, the survivor group responded better to this protein. Furthermore, the response of this group to the peplomer protein had the highest correlation with virus neutralization titer. PMID- 3223655 TI - Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in young goats. AB - Thirty-six Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from 35 of 204 young goats at slaughter were characterized. All isolates were susceptible to cephalothin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, and amikacin. All but 2 were susceptible to erythromycin and tetracycline, and 19 and 20 were susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin, respectively. Thirteen isolates were classified as biotype A, 9 isolates were classified as biotype B, 8 isolates were classified as biotype C, and 6 isolates were classified as intermediate between B and C or were not biotypable. Six biotype A isolates were enterotoxigenic; 4 produced enterotoxin B, 1 produced enterotoxin C, and 1 produced enterotoxin D. Two biotype B strains produced enterotoxin B, and all 8 biotype C isolates produced enterotoxin C and the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. PMID- 3223656 TI - Susceptibility of dogs to infection with Ehrlichia risticii, causative agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever). AB - Adult dogs 1 to 5 were inoculated IV and/or SC with 3, 5, or 6 ml of a suspension containing 1.2 x 10(4) Ehrlichia risticii-infected cells (derived from primary canine monocyte cell cultures)/ml. Dogs 6 to 8 were inoculated IV and/or SC with 3 or 6 ml of 1.2 x 10(5) organism-free cultured canine monocytes/ml. Ehrlichia risticii was isolated in cultures from inoculated dogs 3, 4, and 5 on postinoculation days (PID) 10 to 16, but not from dogs 6 to 8. Dogs inoculated with E risticii seroconverted between PID 6 and 12. Clinical signs of illness were not observed in these 5 E risticii-inoculated dogs. A pony, inoculated with E risticii isolated from inoculated dog 5, developed clinical signs of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis, including fever, anorexia, depression, and diarrhea, and E risticii was isolated from the pony's blood. This E risticii isolate was then inoculated into susceptible dog 9, and E risticii was repeatedly isolated from dog 9 during PID 6 to 17. Dogs were susceptible to infection with E risticii and may serve as a reservoir of the organism in the field. PMID- 3223657 TI - Case-control study of risk factors associated with nosocomial Salmonella krefeld infection in dogs. AB - In a case-control study of risk factors associated with an episode of nosocomial Salmonella krefeld infection in dogs at the veterinary medical teaching hospital, data on 20 case dogs and 75 control dogs were obtained by review of hospital records. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out for possible risk factors for infection to obtain odds of Salmonella krefeld isolation, given exposure to each risk factor of interest. Compared with control dogs, case dogs were 11.9 times more likely to have been fed rice, 7 times more likely to have had radiography done, 10.2 times more likely to have been a resident in ward 2, 5.6 times more likely to have been given antimicrobial agents orally, 11.3 times more likely to have been given antimicrobial agents parenterally, and 37.9 times more likely to have been given antimicrobial agents orally and parenterally (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3223658 TI - Evaluation of relationship among three purified antigens from Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059 and of their protective capacities in turkeys. AB - Three antigens were prepared from Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059, and their immunogenicity and antigenic relationships were investigated. The 3 antigens were a soluble antigen purified from a 2.5% NaCl extract (2.5S), a similar antigen purified from an extract in 0.3% formalin solution containing 0.85% NaCl (FS), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The antigens were treated with various chemicals and enzymes to study their antigenic and immunogenic determinants. Antigenic analyses with ELISA inhibition tests indicated that 2.5S and FS were similar LPS protein complex antigens. The 2.5S and FS antigens induced protective immunity in turkeys with high antibody titers against LPS antigen. Although LPS was a component of 2.5S and FS, LPS itself was poorly immunogenic in turkeys. The antigenicity of protein compounds in 2.5S was deteriorated by protease treatment, which, however, did not significantly diminish the protective immunogenicity. Treatment of 2.5S with sodium periodate, altering its carbohydrate moieties, decreased its immunogenicity. The immunogenicity of 2.5S also was abolished by phenol-water treatment, owing to dissociation of the LPS-protein complex. These findings suggest that a certain form of LPS-protein complex is essential for the induction of immunity against the P multocida infection in turkeys. PMID- 3223659 TI - Force plate analyses before and after stabilization of canine stifles for cruciate injury. AB - Ground reaction forces were measured from the hind limbs of 9 dogs before and after stabilization of unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Before surgery, peak vertical force, associated impulses, and weight distribution were significantly less (multivariate analysis P less than 0.02) in the affected limb, compared with the clinically normal limb. Craniocaudal peak forces and impulses, divided into braking and propulsion, also were significantly less in the affected limb. At a minimum of 7 months after retinacular imbrication, all vertical and craniocaudal measurements in the affected limb were increased significantly. Significant changes were not found in the normal limb. Furthermore, at the postoperative evaluation, there was no significant difference in any measurement between the affected and normal hind limbs. The results indicated restoration of function in the cruciate-deficient limb when compared with the clinically normal hind limb at a walking gait during the study time period. PMID- 3223660 TI - Effects of various sedatives on air cystometry in dogs. AB - The effects of various sedatives on air cystometry in dogs were investigated. Oxymorphone plus acepromazine, xylazine alone, atropine plus xylazine, and diazepam plus ketamine were compared for interference with the detrusor reflex, adequacy of patient restraint, and development of adverse side effects. Atropine plus xylazine was the best of the 4 drug combinations tested, because it had the least interference with the detrusor reflex, bradycardia did not develop, and excellent restraint was obtained. Pain and hematuria were common whenever intravesicular pressure exceeded 40 cm of H2O, yet pressures that high were rarely necessary to stimulate the detrusor reflex. PMID- 3223661 TI - Percutaneous biopsy of the proximal humeral growth plate in dogs. AB - A percutaneous biopsy technique for the study of endochondral bone formation in the dog was developed. With the dogs under general anesthesia or sedated with a combination of a tranquilizer and a local anesthetic, biopsy specimens were obtained from the proximal growth plate of the humerus with the use of a Jamshidi bone biopsy needle. Biopsy specimens were structurally intact, and contained epiphysis, growth plate, and metaphysis. The procedure proved to be a simple, safe technique, which caused minimal discomfort for the patient and did not affect the growth of the proximal end of the humerus, even after multiple biopsies. PMID- 3223662 TI - Electromyographic evaluation of conduction time and velocity of the recurrent laryngeal nerves of clinically normal dogs. AB - In 25 adult dogs of various breeds, recurrent laryngeal nerve fibers were electrically stimulated at 2 points along their extralaryngeal course. Evoked compound muscle action potentials were recorded in the ipsilateral intrinsic laryngeal muscles, using a percutaneous needle electrode. Latencies, amplitudes, and durations were measured. Latencies were correlated with neck length (r = 0.88 on left and 0.82 on right). Five of the dogs were euthanatized, and the nerve length between the 2 stimulating needle electrodes was measured; calculated conduction velocities (mean +/- SD) were 55 +/- 6 m/s (left) and 57 +/- 6 m/s (right). In 38 additional canine cadavers, the lengths of the exposed left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves were correlated with neck length (r = 0.44 on left and 0.56 on right). A linear regression model is proposed for predicting normal latencies, despite variations in neck length among different breeds of dogs. PMID- 3223663 TI - Efficacy of febantel against naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes in calves, and recognition of Oesophagostomum venulosum in Oregon cattle. AB - The efficacy of febantel (5.0 mg/kg) against naturally acquired infections of gastrointestinal nematodes was evaluated in a controlled test in calves during the winter. Twenty steers were allotted to either control or treatment groups of 10 animals each. Seven days after treatment, calves were euthanatized and necropsied for recovery of parasites. Febantel was highly effective against adults of Ostertagia spp (88.6% efficacy based on median), Cooperia spp (97.7%), Trichostrongylus spp (98.2%), Oesophagostomum spp (100%), and Bunostomum phlebotomum (100%). Effects of treatment against adults of Nematodirus spp (100%) were not significant, whereas, degrees of infection of Strongyloides papillosus, Capillaria sp, and Trichuris sp were insufficient for evaluation. The activity of febantel was variable in controlling inhibited and late fourth-stage larvae of Cooperia spp (100% and 100%, respectively) and Ostertagia spp (-81.5% and 36.7%). Numbers of larval Nematodirus and Capillaria sp were insufficient for evaluation. Overall, febantel administered at 5.0 mg/kg reduced populations of adult and larval strongyles and other gastrointestinal nematodes in calves by 80.7% (P = 0.002). An unexpected finding during the trial was the recovery of Oesophagostomum venulosum from all control calves. PMID- 3223664 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin in paste and injectable formulations against microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis and resolution of associated dermatitis in horses. AB - The efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), in injectable or paste formulations, against microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis and associated skin lesions was evaluated in 20 naturally infected horses during midsummer months in Louisiana. All horses had clinical signs of dermatitis of the ventral midline and/or limbs, shoulders, thorax, and withers. Efficacy was monitored at 21, 42, and 63 days after treatment. Procedures done at these intervals included microfilarial counts of 6-mm skin biopsy specimens of affected ventral midline, grading of gross lesions, and photography and histologic assessment of ventral midline biopsy specimens. Microfilarial numbers were reduced to 0 by 21 days after treatment in all but one horse. Active lesions improved or were resolved completely by 63 days after treatment. Total inflammation, as judged by histologic methods, was reduced in all horses by 63 days after treatment, but there was a residual population of inflammatory cells in all horses. Adverse reactions after treatment were not observed in any of the horses. PMID- 3223665 TI - Influence of sarcoptic mange and cold and ambient temperature on blastogenic responses of lymphocytes and serum cortisol concentrations of pigs. AB - Blood samples from sarcoptic mite-infested pigs were evaluated for effects of mite infestation and cold and ambient temperatures on lymphocyte blastogenic responses and for effects of mite infestation on serum cortisol concentrations. In experiment 1, sarcoptic mite-infested and noninfested pigs were housed in cold (5 to 15 C fluctuating) and thermoneural (25 C) environmental chambers for 5 weeks. Differences were not observed (P greater than 0.10) in blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutin or pokeweed mitogen between lymphocytes from infested and noninfested pigs on postinfestation days (PID) 7, 21, 28, and 35 in either environmental chamber. When lymphocytes from noninfested pigs were cultured with sera from infested pigs, alterations of blastogenic responses were not detected. Cortisol values were higher (P less than 0.05) in sera from sarcoptic mite-infested pigs, compared with those from noninfested pigs, at 4 PM on PID 14 and 4 AM and 10 AM on PID 15. Cortisol values were higher (P less than 0.05) in sera obtained at 10 AM on PID 14 and at 10 AM on PID 15 from pigs housed in cold chambers, compared with those from pigs housed in thermoneutral chambers. Interactive effects between sarcoptic mite infestation and cold ambient temperatures were not observed. At 4 AM on PID 15 (experiment 2), cortisol values were higher (P less than 0.05) in sera of infested pigs, compared with those in noninfested pigs. Seemingly, sarcoptic mange in pigs did not alter mitogen induced lymphocyte blastogenic responses, but did increase serum cortisol concentrations, indicating that sarcoptic mange may be a stressor in pigs. PMID- 3223666 TI - Kinematic analysis of the instant centers of rotation of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint. AB - A kinematic analysis of the instant centers of rotation analysis was performed on 21 metacarpophalangeal joints from 11 horses. Manual and computerized methods were used to locate the instant center of rotation on photocopies of transparent composite tracings of a series of radiographs of each joint. The instant centers of rotation of the proximal phalanx about the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone were located consistently on or near the eminence for attachment of the collateral ligaments. The instant centers of rotation of the sesamoids about the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone were consistently located near the dorsal articular margin of the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone. Rotation of the joint as it extended caused minor variation in radiographic projection. This variation in radiographic projection limited the precision of the analysis of the instant center of rotation and prevented the identification of a single instant center of rotation or an instant center of rotation pathway for the articulation of the proximal phalanx or the proximal sesamoids with the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone. The articular surface velocity vectors determined from the instant centers of rotation indicated that the joint surfaces slide on each other. The motion of the joint caused compression at the dorsal articular margins at maximal extension and thereby limited further extension. At this degree of extension, the proximal sesamoids articulated only with the proximal sesamoid-metacarpal articular surface of the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone. PMID- 3223667 TI - Normal ultrastructure and histochemical characteristics of canine lacrimal glands. AB - Lacrimal glands of 12 dogs free of ocular disease were examined to determine the normal structure of these glands. The glands consisted of tubuloacinar cells that ultrastructurally and histochemically were of a single type of secretory cell in the tubules and possibly 3 types of secretory cells in the acini. The tubular epithelium contained homogenous electron-dense granules that stained as neutral glycoconjugates (periodic acid-Schiff positive and Alcian blue and high iron diamine negative). The predominant acinar cells contained granules of lesser electron density than those of the tubules, and stained as sialomucin (Alcian blue [pH 2.5] and periodic acid-Schiff-positive, and high iron diamine-negative). A second type of acinar cell was in peripheral lobules that ultrastructurally and histochemically appeared like lipid granules (positive with oil red O and osmium tetroxide). Ultrastructurally, a third type of acinar granule was finely granular, electron-lucent, and frequently coalesced. It was not readily apparent whether the latter was an artifact, a stage in the maturation of the sialomucin granules, or a third type of acinar granule. Individual acinar cells usually had a predominance of 1 granule type, but greater than 1 granule type could be found in some cells. The basal surfaces of the acinar, tubular, and ductal cells were incompletely ensheathed by myoepithelial cells. Plasma cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, endothelial cells, fat cells, and Schwann cells composed the cellular elements of the interstitium. Lymphocytes, mast cells, and nerve endings also were found in the parenchyma. PMID- 3223668 TI - Fiber type, fiber size, and capillary geometric features of the semitendinosus muscle in three types of dogs. AB - The fiber type, fiber size, and capillary geometric features were determined from the center of the proximal half of the left and right semitendinosus muscles in 5 mixed-breed dogs, 5 hound-type dogs, and 5 Beagles. There were no significant differences between the left and right muscles of each dog. Comparisons among the 3 groups of dogs revealed that the hound-type dogs had the largest fibers (type I and type II); however, the 3 groups were similar in their fiber-type percentages and their capillary geometric features. PMID- 3223669 TI - Atherosclerosis in coronary, aortic, and sciatic arteries from wild male turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris). AB - Heart, aorta, and sciatic arteries were collected from 157 wild male turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) by hunters in 9 states during the spring 1983 and 1984 hunting seasons. In descending order of extent and severity, intimal vascular changes were observed in the left sciatic artery, aorta at the celiac region, cranial abdominal portion of the aorta, sciatic bifurcation, caudal abdominal portion of the aorta, coronary arteries, and thoracic portion of the aorta. Only the aorta from the celiac region and right sciatic artery had significant differences (P less than 0.05) among turkeys from various locations. Turkeys from Indiana had significantly (P less than 0.05) larger plaque scores in the celiac region than did those from Alabama, Missouri, and South Carolina. Turkeys from Indiana also had significantly (P less than 0.05) greater plaque scores in the right sciatic artery than did turkeys from Arkansas. When all tissues were considered, tissues from turkeys from Michigan had the highest plaque scores and those from Iowa had the lowest. Plaque scores for turkeys from Michigan were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher overall (including all blood vessels) than were plaque scores for turkeys from Alabama, Arkansas, Iowa, and South Carolina. Few significant (P less than 0.05) correlations were detected among plaque scores in turkeys from within states of origin (geographic location). Also, only a few significant (P less than 0.05) correlations were determined between age or body weight and atherosclerosis for blood vessels from turkeys within various states. PMID- 3223670 TI - Sequential study of visceral lesions caused by isolates of an avian osteopetrosis virus (myeloblastosis-associated virus). AB - Ten-day-old chicken embryos were inoculated with isolates of myeloblastosis associated virus that induced osteopetrosis of slow or rapid onset. Bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen, bone marrow, kidney, liver, and lung were examined at 15, 17, and 19 days in ovo and at 7 and 25 days after hatching by histologic and immunoperoxidase techniques. Tissues from 19-day-old in ovo embryos also were examined by electron microscopy. The lymphoid organs of embryos inoculated with all isolates manifested changes suggesting inhibited development. Virus was most often associated with macrophages, heterophils, and nonlymphoid stromal cells in these organs. Viral particles and antigen were abundant in tissues from embryos inoculated with slow-onset isolates, but cell necrosis was infrequent. The kidney and bursa had especially abundant viral particles and antigen. Conversely, viral particles and antigen were minimal in tissues from embryos inoculated with the rapid-onset isolate, yet intravascular cellular thrombi, substantial cell necrosis, and increased heterophils and hemocytoblasts were found. PMID- 3223671 TI - Evaluation of red blood cell fragility in Pygmy goats. AB - Red blood cells from 6 Pygmy goats were determined to be significantly (P less than 0.01) more susceptible to osmotic lysis and mechanical stress than were RBC from 6 Toggenburg goats. Differences in RBC size and shape and adenosine 5' triphosphate concentration between the 2 breeds were not significant. The differences observed in the in vitro tests may be attributable to differences in RBC membrane composition. PMID- 3223672 TI - Hypovolemia, hyperosmolality, and acidosis associated with intraperitoneal infusion of nitrofurazone solution in healthy horses. AB - Nitrofurazone solution containing 0.2% nitrofurazone and 99.8% polyethylene glycol was given to 4 healthy horses (2 L in 2 L of lactated Ringer solution, intraperitoneally). Horses developed hypovolemia, hyperosmolality, and mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis. These changes were largely attributable to polyethylene glycol, but a contribution of nitrofurazone cannot be excluded. Intraperitoneal infusion of nitrofurazone solution in horses is contraindicated. PMID- 3223673 TI - Cardiopulmonary effects of restraint in dorsal recumbency on awake cattle. AB - The cardiopulmonary effects of dorsal recumbency were studied in awake cows restrained for surgical correction of left displaced abomasum. During the recumbent period, PaO2, PaCO2, arterial pH, and base excess values were significantly decreased. Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood hemoglobin concentrations, and rectal temperature increased significantly. PMID- 3223674 TI - Capillary permeability to endogenous macromolecules in the equine digit. AB - Microvascular permeability characteristics were evaluated in digits of 7 adult horses. After capillaries were isolated and an extracorporeal perfusion circuit for the digit was established, a lymphatic vessel draining the distal portion of the phalangeal region was cannulated at the level of the coronary band. Venous pressure was increased in a stepwise manner, and lymph flow, lymph protein concentration (Cl), and plasma protein concentration (Cp) were determined after measured variables were allowed to reach steady state. Lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratios (Cl/Cp) and lymph and plasma oncotic pressures were determined from samples collected during steady state. The osmotic reflection coefficient was determined after Cl/Cp became constant, regardless of increasing lymph flow, and was expressed as 1--Cl/Cp. The osmotic reflection coefficient for the digit was 0.67. Seemingly, the microvasculature bed of the digit was relatively permeable and could maintain only 67% of the endogenous macromolecules within the vasculature. PMID- 3223675 TI - Evaluation of three techniques for end-to end anastomosis of the small colon in horses. AB - In an attempt to determine the best method for surgical removal of devitalized small colon lesions, 12 horses underwent a double small colon resection and end to-end anastomosis. In 4 horses (study 1), an appositional single-layer (APP-1) suture pattern was compared with an inverting 2-layer (INV-2) suture pattern. In 8 horses (study 2), an appositional 2-layer (APP-2) suture pattern was compared with the INV-2 suture technique. Polydioxanone suture (size 1-0), was used. Horses were evaluated at necropsy 3, 10, 14, 28, or 56 days after surgery. Postoperative complications (peritonitis, impaction, or excessive adhesions) were encountered in 100, 42, and 13% of the APP-1, INV-2, and APP-2 anastomoses, respectively. Postmortem evaluation of the small colon revealed dehiscence of the anastomotic site, diffuse peritonitis, and adhesion formation in 3 of the 4 horses in which the resection line was closed with the APP-1 pattern. With the INV-2 and APP-2 techniques, more intestinal inversion was present in the nontaenial than in the taenial portion of the small colon. More postoperative impactions were found with the INV-2 (n = 5) anastomoses than with the APP-2 (n = 1) technique; this appeared to be the result of excessive tissue inversion. There was no difference in lumen diameter between the INV-2 and the APP-2 techniques (P greater than or equal to 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223676 TI - Clinical signs and bone changes associated with phosphorus deficiency in beef cattle. AB - For 10 years, 42 female Herefords (as they progressed from weanling calves to aged cows) were fed diets individually, with phosphorus (P) content being the only variable. During growth and the first 3 gestations, clinically evident differences were not associated with 2 dietary treatments (approx 12 and 38 g of P/day). During the next 2 gestations (2 years), half the cows from each original treatment group were fed less than 6 g of P (n = 21 cows, 11 from the group fed 12 g of P/day and 10 from the group fed 38 g of P/day) daily. The other half were fed diets supplying approximately 8 g of P (n = 11 cows fed 12 g of P/day) and 35 g of P (n = 10 cows fed 38 g of P/day) daily. During the last 3 years of the experiment, all remaining cows were fed diets containing 12 g (n = 19 cows originally fed 12 g) or 19 g (n = 17 cows originally fed 38 g) of P/day. Cows fed diets containing less than 6 g of P/day developed an insidious and subtle complex syndrome characterized by weight loss, rough hair coat, abnormal stance, and lameness. Spontaneous fractures occurred in the vertebrae, pelvis, and ribs. In severely affected cows, fractures did not heal properly. Some bones were demineralized markedly, and the cortical surfaces were porous, chalky white, soft, and fragile. Osteoid tissue was not properly mineralized. Radiography revealed diminished bone density (osteoporosis), cortical thinning, and resorption of trabeculae. Time-related availability of dietary P initiated excessive turnover of bone, with resultant structural changes and impaired function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223677 TI - Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered vancomycin in dogs. AB - Vancomycin was administered IV to healthy adult female dogs at a dosage of 15 mg/kg of body weight every 12 hours for 10 days. Pharmacokinetic values were determined after the first and last doses. The disposition of vancomycin was not altered by multiple dosing, and little accumulation attributable to multiple dosing was observed. Serum vancomycin concentration after the first and last dose were described, using a 2-compartment open model with first-order elimination. The distribution and elimination half-lives after the single dose were 15.4 +/- 2.7 minutes and 137 +/- 21.8 minutes (geometric mean +/- pseudo-SD), respectively; whereas the distribution and elimination half-lives after the last dose were 11.3 +/- 2.61 minutes and 104 +/- 11.2 minutes, respectively. The mean (+/- SD) area-derived volume of distribution was 396 +/- 156 ml/kg and 382 +/- 160 ml/kg after the first and last dose, respectively. Serum vancomycin clearance was 2.13 +/- 0.35 ml/min/kg and 2.49 +/- 0.79 ml/min/kg after the first and last dose, respectively, and 25 to 49% of the total dose of vancomycin was recovered in the urine in the first 24 hours after the single dose administered IV. Mean serum vancomycin concentration reached 101.8 +/- 30.6 micrograms/ml and 99.7 +/- 28.0 micrograms/ml at 5 minutes after a single dose and the last of the multiple doses, respectively, and decreased to 0.94 +/- 0.58 microgram/ml and 1.51 +/- 1.44 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 12 hours after administration. The side effects that accompany vancomycin treatment in human beings were not observed in the dogs; all remained healthy through the end of the experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223678 TI - [Kaposi's disease in AIDS]. PMID- 3223679 TI - [Meningovascular syphilis. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - In four cases of stroke, it is only the systematic practice of serologic tests for syphilis that has permitted the true diagnosis and the true treatment. We observed cerebral, brain-stem and medullar infarction and one case of cerebellar haemorrhage. Meningo vascular syphilis is now the most frequent of the central nervous system lesion. Cerebrospinal fluid is always abnormal in active disease. The decrease of cell count is the best control of the treatment that needs high doses of Penicillin G. PMID- 3223680 TI - [Treatment by external drainage of perirenal abscess in AIDS]. AB - Fever of undetermined origin in a young white heroin addict with a positive HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), serology was secondary to a staphylococcal perinephric abscess. Ultrasound examination and tomodensitometry allowed the diagnostic. Percutaneous drainage led to complete recovery. Interventional radiology associated with antibiotherapy appears to be an alternative to surgery in the treatment of perinephric abscesses. PMID- 3223681 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference. Hopital de la Pitie-Salpetriere. Case no 3-1988. Focal pulmonary images and inflammatory syndrome 7 years after nephrectomy of cancer]. PMID- 3223682 TI - [Portal cavernoma and inferior caval thrombosis disclosing Behcet's disease]. PMID- 3223683 TI - [Personal identity and multiple personality]. AB - The present study analyses the internal organization of self concepts in a woman who meets the DSM III criteria of multiple personality disorder. The aim of this single case study, was to assess the personal identity of this patient, the degree of internal coherence and the hierarchical structure of the descriptions of self and others in the frame of cognitive theories of personality. After the clinical observation, the experimental procedure is presented. It consists in asking the patient to describe her different roles or alternated personalities (N = 12), as well as the target persons of her familial and social environment (N = 8) on the basis of a preestablished list of adjectives (extracted from the 16 P.F. Cattell sphere of personality). The factorial analysis of the contingency table: traits attributed x persons described shows a Guttman like hierarchical structure. Similarities and differences between the descriptions can be ordered on a unidimensional order, the multiple roles or personalities being no more complex nor simple than the target persons. The present results have been discussed in reference to cognitive theories of personality and their utility in studying personal identity and multiple personality. PMID- 3223684 TI - [Chronogenesis, psychorhythms and work]. AB - Working is man's wealth. His work has shaped the world as it is. But modern work, technology, artificial light, after splitting up tasks, threaten the "synchronous" progress of days and seasons. Working time is more and more reduced, moved forward or back, sensorially isolated, socially "sterilized", with high production rates etc... Under the domination of the production/consumption scheme, man's appetites have been released; his needs have increased; he no longer bears any lack, failure or frustration. Thus, the usual forms of working time organization, with their arbitrary divisions, the monotony, repetitiveness and other restricting factors (stress), not only do not contribute to self realization, but create rancor, boredom and drama. Man's time is not only the time of the clocks, il is also experience, anticipation, memory. The psychopathological risk is the "burning out" of the subject, and the defences developed against it, such as humour (casualness), aloofness (abdication), deviance and drug-dependence. Prevention supposes some other time, with more freedom, to favour self-realization. One of the first tasks of tomorrow's medicine will be to reconcile working and non-working time. PMID- 3223685 TI - [Retrospective study of 31 children and adolescents hospitalized as emergencies in child psychiatry at a Norwegian department]. PMID- 3223686 TI - [Epidemiologic survey of the DMS-III criteria for bulimia]. PMID- 3223687 TI - [Subcutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma in children. Clinical, immunologic and ultrastructural aspects]. AB - Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent of tissue sarcomas in children. Its location in the subcutaneous tissue makes it a dermatological diagnosis. In childhood, the exact histological type of the tumour, sometimes difficult to determine, is absolutely necessary since prognosis and treatment differ according to the histogenetic form. Rhabdomyosarcoma is rare in adults. One must rule out malignant pleomorphic histiocytoma which has a more favourable prognosis. Among the antisera recently made available, those directed against desmin, foetal skeletal myosin and/or specific skeletal muscle myofilament seem to be most useful when associated with the anti-myoglobin antibody. PMID- 3223688 TI - [The association of dermatomyositis and toxoplasmosis]. AB - IF: negative test: less than 10 UI/ml; doubtful test 10-100 UI/ml; positive test greater than 100 UI/ml. HA: negative test: less than 8 dilutions; doubtful test 16-24; positive test greater than 128. The antibodies kinetics vary with the pattern of the infection (primary infection or reinfection), with the method of identification, and with the subjects. In the case of primary infection, the IgM appear since the first week following the acquisition of the infection; they reach their highest titre at the first month (variability: 15th day-3rd month); they disappear during the fourth month (variability: 2-9 months). The antibodies detected by HA after 2 ME must be reduced by at least 3 dilutions to be significant. The IgG appear later. They are detected at the beginning of the second week by IF or of the 4th month by HA, reach their highest titre at the 4th month by IF (variability: 2-9 months) or at the 9th month by HA (variability: 4th month-2nd year); they then decrease to reach lower titres within the space of 1 or 5 years. The antibodies detected in the case of reinfection are usually of higher titre with a steeper rate of increase, and are more persistent than following a primary infection. PMID- 3223689 TI - [Dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton violaceum. Apropos of a new case]. PMID- 3223690 TI - [Acquired ichthyosis]. PMID- 3223691 TI - [A case for diagnosis: Epstein's pearls]. PMID- 3223692 TI - [Chronopharmacokinetics of doxorubicin (adriamycin)]. PMID- 3223693 TI - [The uterotonic activity of Bridelia atroviridis and Phyllanthus discoideus (Euphorbiaceae). Evidence of an effect on alpha-adrenergic receptors]. PMID- 3223694 TI - [Teratogenic evaluation of alpha-asarone in the rat]. PMID- 3223695 TI - [Analysis of residual ethylene oxide in disposable syringes]. PMID- 3223696 TI - [Identification of amino acids in aerial parts of the bursa-pastoris, Capsella bursa-pastoris Moench. Analytical technic]. PMID- 3223697 TI - Plastic surgery at the University of Southern California. PMID- 3223698 TI - The inferior trapezius musculocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction. AB - The trapezius musculocutaneous flap based on the descending branch of the transverse cervical vessels has been used to reconstruct a variety of large and complex defects in the head and neck region. Forty-three flaps were performed in 41 patients over a period of 26 months. Excellent reconstruction was achieved in 37 patients. Six total and nine partial flap failures were noted. There were 8 deaths during this time, 2 attributable directly to flap failure. Patient positioning during surgery and the tedious dissection are disadvantageous. The advantages of this flap are its thinness, long reach, and a posterior donor defect. These attributes are ideally suited for certain complex reconstructive endeavors in the head and neck. PMID- 3223699 TI - Forehead expansion and total nasal reconstruction. AB - Forehead flaps are the method of choice for total nasal reconstruction. However, if adequate skin is unavailable, tissue expansion of this donor site for subtotal nasal reconstruction seems logical, as has been described elsewhere. The literature, however, appears devoid of reports of using this technique when all the nasal structures are absent. We report on 3 patients for whom expanded forehead flaps provided poor long-term results because of late shrinkage. PMID- 3223700 TI - Growing pains: the psychological experience of breast reconstruction with tissue expansion. AB - The efficacy of tissue expanders in providing additional skin and muscle for breast reconstruction has been demonstrated convincingly and repeatedly. This had led to the increasing use of this technique for certain women desiring reconstruction of the breast following mastectomy for cancer. We report on the psychological experiences of 10 women who underwent breast reconstruction by means of tissue expansion. PMID- 3223701 TI - The treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions with the Nd:YAG laser. AB - The Nd:YAG laser is well suited for the treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions. The characteristic properties of the Nd:YAG laser emissions in tissue are a high degree of penetration with low absorption by unpigmented tissue. The result is a coagulative effect on tissue containing hemoglobin with relative skin sparing. The Nd:YAG laser was used to treat 116 patients with a variety of cutaneous vascular lesions. Good to excellent results were obtained with a low complication rate for deep cavernous and capillary lesions, port wine stains, and minor vascular ectasias above the lower extremities. Minor venous ectasias and varicosities located on the lower extremities responded poorly. The Nd:YAG laser represents an efficacious tool for the treatment of difficult vascular lesions, with the exception of venous lesions of the lower extremities. PMID- 3223702 TI - Radionuclide-labeled red blood cell imaging of vascular malformations in children. AB - Vascular malformations, particularly in the absence of cutaneous changes, can be difficult to distinguish from other soft tissue masses in children. We have used technetium-99m-labeled red blood cell scintigraphy to study 47 lesions in 43 children. Thirty-nine lesions showed increased flow and were, therefore, diagnosed as vascular malformations. Subsequent biopsy of 10 of these lesions confirmed that diagnosis. The other 29 lesions with increased flow were followed for 10 months to 5 years and the clinical course was consistent with vascular malformation in every case. Eight lesions showed no increased flow on technetium scan. One of these subsequently proved to be a hemangioma. The others have turned out not to be vascular malformations. Therefore, in our experience, the technetium-99m-labeled red blood cell scan has had 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity in diagnosing vascular malformations in children. PMID- 3223703 TI - Efficacy of verapamil in the salvage of failing random skin flaps. AB - Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits mast cell degranulation, platelet aggregation, and neutrophil function and is a potent vasodilator. The efficacy of verapamil (20 mg/kg/day) to salvage a standard failing random skin flap in the rat was studied. In this study verapamil failed to benefit skin flap survival. The results are analyzed and presented. PMID- 3223704 TI - Closure of defects from pressure sores requiring proximal femoral resection. AB - Proximal femoral resection (i.e., modified Girdlestone procedure) is often required in the paraplegic with an infection or dislocation of the hip joint. A philosophy and technique for dealing with this difficult problem are presented. The technique involves using an external osseous fixator to stabilize the femur and allow healing of the flap used to fill the defect. PMID- 3223705 TI - Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula complicating a complex shotgun facial injury. AB - Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is a rare but major complication of severe head injuries. This pathological communication between the internal carotid artery and the surrounding cavernous sinus at the base of the skull may result in marked retinopathy, optic atrophy with permanent loss of vision, and, rarely, fatal epistaxis. Physical signs of this entity are pathognomonic and include marked chemosis, pulsating exophthalmos, and a pulse-synchronous supraorbital bruit. Diagnosis is confirmed by carotid angiography or computed tomography scan. Treatment modalities range from internal carotid ligation to catheter embolectomy and, at times, observation. A patient with carotid-cavernous sinus fistula following complex facial trauma is described. The differential diagnosis and management of this rare pathological entity is discussed. In their position as primary consultants of head and neck trauma, plastic and reconstructive surgeons should be aware of both the diagnosis and management of this unusual condition. PMID- 3223706 TI - Dermabrasion of traumatic tattoos: simple, inexpensive, effective. AB - In this article we describe the use of an electrosurgical cautery tip scratch pad for the treatment of traumatic (adventitious) tattoos. This inexpensive item is available in most surgical operating rooms. The pad is flexible yet firm and obviates the need for power equipment. Most important, the technique is simple, easy to learn, and highly effective. PMID- 3223707 TI - The use of wall suction as a lipoaspirator. AB - Hospital wall suction, standard tubing, and liposuction cannulas have been used successfully for liposuction. Benefits include convenience, simplicity, cost effectiveness, and reduction of effluent dispersion. Our experiences indicates that hospital wall suction can be used as an efficacious lipoaspirator. PMID- 3223708 TI - Preoperative TRAM flap planning for postmastectomy breast reconstruction. AB - The techniques for transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap planning, which have previously been described in international literature, do not provide adequate guidelines for preoperative marking that can be followed in patients with different types of contralateral breast. Because in most patients we tend to reconstruct the new breast on the model of the contralateral one without significant changes in the patient's body image, some parameters were needed that could provide adequate preoperative marking. The technique we describe for preoperative planning is simple and reliable and can be used in most patients. It allows immediate deepithelialization and tailoring of the dermoadipose extensions of the flap at the beginning of the operation. In our experience this type of preoperative marking has significantly reduced operative time and the need for secondary correction and contralateral mammaplasty. The incidence of marginal flap necrosis and liponecrosis has also been reduced because minimal contralateral random portion of the skin island is used. PMID- 3223709 TI - Closure of nasal septal perforation with a cutaneous flap and a perichondrocutaneous graft. AB - A cutaneous flap from the cheek and a perichondrocutaneous free graft is used for closing a perforation of the nasal septum. The cutaneous flap is rotated to set into the defect covering one side of the perforation while the other side is covered with a free perichondrocutaneous graft, nutrified by vascular proliferation from the cutaneous flap. The anterior side of the auricular concha is used as donor site for the composite perichondrocutaneous graft. The cutaneous flap is divided after about four weeks. Twenty-eight patients have been operated on with this technique; 27 had a complete closure after an observation time of four to eight years. A biopsy three months after the operation showed that the perichondrium generated cartilage as supporting tissue. The technique was modified as using a labiobuccal mucosal flap showed unfavourable results. PMID- 3223710 TI - Massive injection of liquid silicone for hemifacial atrophy. PMID- 3223711 TI - Fibrous capsules around static and dynamic implants. PMID- 3223712 TI - Mammaplasty for the tuberous breast. PMID- 3223713 TI - [Treatment of hydatid cyst of the liver]. PMID- 3223714 TI - [Rational bases and results of intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy]. PMID- 3223715 TI - [Osteosynthesis using an internal plate in leg fractures consisting of open war fractures. Apropos of 82 cases]. PMID- 3223716 TI - [Incidentaloma or adrenal metastasis. Value of puncture-biopsy under x-ray computed tomography. Apropos of 9 cases]. PMID- 3223717 TI - [Postoperative hypophosphatemia]. PMID- 3223718 TI - [A case of colo-anal intussusception in adults surgically treated via the anus]. PMID- 3223719 TI - [A case of uncommon complication of a terminal left iliac anus]. PMID- 3223720 TI - [Converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. AB - Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, in comparison with other antihypertensive agents, offer unquestionable advantages in the treatment of hypertension. They do not alter cerebral blood flow. They improve cardiac function by decreasing postload, by preventing left ventricular hypertrophy and by decreasing myocardial excitability which engenders dysrhythmias. They increase compliance of large arteries and correct renal hemodynamic disturbances in hypertensive patients. Finally, they do not cause metabolic disturbances involving serum blood sugar, uric acid or lipids, and they help conserve potassium in patients on diuretics. PMID- 3223721 TI - [Which pacemaker for which patient?]. AB - Since the early 1980's, in parallel to development of "physiological" cardiac stimulation, modalities and objectives for cardiac stimulation have been modified radically. Among the many methods of stimulation available, in practice the physician may choose from four main types: (1) single-chamber ventricular stimulation; (2) single-chamber atrial stimulation; (3) two-chamber stimulation; (4) variable rate stimulation. Three main elements determine choice of the method of stimulation: the patient's physical condition, his heart condition (nature and type of cardiopathy and hemodynamic profile) and of course, electrophysiological data and cardiac rhythm encountered. The object of this paper is to schematically describe this choice. PMID- 3223722 TI - [Cardiac Doppler. Gradients theory]. AB - The authors remind of the theoretical basis which establish the validity of the Doppler method in the evaluation of valvular stenosis, and the origin of Bernouilli's formula: P1 - P2 = 1/2 p (v1-v2), in which P1 v1 represent pressure and speed proximal to the stenosis, and P2 and v2 represent pressure and speed at the level of the stenosis. This Bernouilli formula is only a particular case of the general law of preservation of mass and energy. Bernouilli's equation may only be applied under certain, well defined, conditions: isolated stenosis, short, not tunnel-shaped, exceeding 0.1-0.2 cm2: under this threshold, the trans stenotic flow becomes spray with loss of the definition of the Doppler signal. The reliability of this equation is the basis for the reliability of the Doppler in the evaluation of all valvular stenoses by their instant and intermediate gradients. PMID- 3223723 TI - [Mitral, tricuspid and aortic regurgitation. Diagnosis and quantification]. AB - Regurgitations may be detected with great sensitivity and good specificity by Doppler ultrasound cardiography. Semi-quantitative methods to evaluate its gravity are based on "mapping" using the pulsed Doppler or the color Doppler. Too rigid or exclusive criteria may result however in errors of interpretation and, as far as we are concerned, we prefer a classification regrouping the most possible elements, including conventional ultrasound cardiography. Measurements of the regurgitating volume and the regurgitating fraction may also be carried out from output measurements in different sites; however, the recording must be of very good quality and methodologic problems remain, which might nevertheless be resolved in the future. Other semi-quantitative methods, which are more specific to either one of the valves, have been advocated. PMID- 3223724 TI - [Measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure]. AB - Several Doppler methods may be used to measure pulmonary pressures and diagnose pulmonary hypertension. They are analyses of the pulmonary systolic flow, the pulmonary diastolic flow, the flow of tricuspid insufficiency and the interventricular communication. Although none of these methods is perfect, they however enable to diagnose in almost all cases a pulmonary hypertension. The simplest and most reliable method appears to be the determination of the tricuspid systolic flow (tricuspid insufficiency) which enables to calculate, with the modified Bernouilli's equation, the right ventricular systolic pressure and consequently the pulmonary systolic pressure. Thus the ultrasound Doppler has replaced other non invasive techniques in the evaluation of pulmonary pressures. PMID- 3223725 TI - [Doppler and valvular prostheses]. AB - The principle of examination of prosthetic valves is not different from that of the original valves in terms of bioprosthesis. On the contrary, mechanical prosthesis are markedly opaque to ultrasounds and cause masking and non-flow phenomena behind the prosthesis, which are capable to completely hide abnormal retrograde flows, in traditional views (Apical 4 cavities to demonstrate a mitral leakage). Therefore, with mechanical prostheses, it is necessary to "cheat" and use atypical views which avoid interposition of the prosthesis between the ultrasound beam and the abnormal flow. The function of the prosthesis is evaluated on the following parameters: maximum transprosthetic velocity, maximum instant gradient, mean gradient and functional prosthetic area derived either from T1/2 or from the application of the continuity equation. The main factors of transprosthetic Max. V and gradients are the type and size of the prosthesis, the age of the prosthesis is only a factor for bioprostheses, and the cardiac rate and output. The golden rule is therefore to record, one month after the procedure, the Doppler characteristics of any new prosthesis, the patient being his own reference, year after year. Finally the characteristic manifestations of various dysfunctions are presented. PMID- 3223726 TI - [Subvalvular aortic stenosis. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - The three cases reported here illustrate the most frequent varieties of infra valvular congenital aortic stenosis secondary to a fixed obstacle: such as a thin membrane located a few millimeters under the aortic ring; such as a fibro muscular membrane at some distance of the ring; such as an infra-aortic fibro muscular tunnel. The clinical symptoms and evolutive risks are reviewed. Ultrasound cardiography enables to make an accurate diagnosis and evaluate the associated lesions. A surgical indication is made in symptomatic forms with a gradient exceeding 40 mmHg. The advantage of early surgery is to decrease the risk of heart failure. The various surgical techniques are presented. PMID- 3223727 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia]. AB - The anti-arrhythmic effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate, on bouts of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) secondary to reentry phenomenon, are evaluated in twelve patients undergoing an electrophysiological testing, because of paroxysmal SVT, the pathway of which is an intranodal reentry (eight patients) or includes an atrio-ventricular accessory route (orthodromic SVT: four patients). At the completion of the basic testing, a stable SVT is induced and an intravenous bolus of 3 grams of magnesium sulfate is administered in three minutes. The length of the SVT cycle is significantly increased from 349 +/- 71 ms to 394 +/- 70 ms (p 0.001). The injection of magnesium relieves the SVT in less than five minutes in three patients (intranodal reentry: two cases; accessory pathway: one case), or an efficacy of 25 p. cent. No incident is reported following administration of the product; but the functional tolerance may be considered as poor, mainly consisting of flushing sensations of brief duration. This study demonstrates the antiarrhythmic properties of intravenous magnesium sulfate during bouts of SVT; however, its efficacy appears moderate at the dose mentioned. PMID- 3223728 TI - Coracoid tendon transposition a.m. Bristow-Latarjet. AB - Twenty-three shoulders on which a Bristow-Latarjet operation had been performed on account of anterior glenohumeral instability were followed up for an average of 24 months (range 15-36). The series consisted of 12 recurrent dislocations, 5 chronic subluxations + 3 with occasional dislocations, and 3 anterior + inferior (multidirectional) subluxations. Four shoulders were classified as poor at follow up. The reason for failure was excessively proximal attachment of the coracoid transplant in one case, while an objective diagnosis of multidirectional instability by reference to the autotraction test and stress roentgenograms was reached in the other three. PMID- 3223729 TI - Clinical experience of arteriovenous fistulae for dialysis during an eighteen year period. AB - 382 Brescia-Cimino type arteriovenous fistulae were created for chronic haemodialysis. Success rate at the first attempt was 73.6% of 281 cases. The most common method of anastomosis was endtoside vein to artery type. Thrombosis was the most frequent complication, other miscellaneous complications were less common. PMID- 3223730 TI - Acutely injured patients intoxicated by alcohol: trend, monthly and weekly variation and social characteristics. AB - In a retrospective analysis of 391,973 outpatient visits for acute injuries in 1971-1981 in the Casualty Department of the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, a mean proportion in alcohol intoxication of 13.4% was found when clinical detection of inebriation was used for assessment. The proportion of alcohol intoxication in 2458 patients in a prospective study during a six week period in Autumn 1983 was considerably higher compared to that observed in the retrospective series. In Autumn 1983 series, clinical detection of alcohol intoxication was combined with breath alcohol analysis resulting alcohol intoxication proportion of 29.7%. The good correlation (r = 0.889) observed in the prospective study between clinical detection of alcohol intoxication and breath alcohol analysis is probably explained by the prudence to staff in the Casualty Department during the study period since they were aware of the importance of the results for specific research purposes. The prospective study (Autumn 1983 series) disclosed that the incidence of intoxication in men was higher than that in women (35% vs 18%, p less than 0.001). In particular, divorced and unemployed patients were frequently intoxicated, in 45.2 and 68.5% of the cases, respectively. The proportion of alcohol intoxication was particularly low in patients of the first social class (executive position) being only 14.3% and in patients aged 54 years or more. The visits of alcohol intoxicated injured patients occurred most frequently between 14.30 and 08.00 and at week-ends. Nearly one third of the injured patients arrived after a delay of 9 hours or more.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223731 TI - Unusual metastatic spread from carcinoma of the prostate. AB - A case of prostatic carcinoma with unusual lymphatic spread is presented. The usefulness of the immunohistochemical staining reactions for prostate specific antigen and acid prostatic phosphatase along with transrectal ultrasonographic investigation are emphasized. PMID- 3223732 TI - Fatal axillary artery injury following anterior dislocation of the shoulder. AB - A case of longitudinal tearing of the axillary artery is reported following anterior dislocation of the shoulder in an 87-year old woman, resulting in fatal haemorrhage. Atherosclerosis of the axillary artery and a history of previous dislocation of the affected shoulder were predisposing factors. PMID- 3223733 TI - Mucosal alterations in pelvic ileal reservoirs. A histological and ultrastructural evaluation in an experimental model. AB - To study mucosal changes in ileal pouches, three different types of pelvic ileal reservoir (2-loop, 3-loop and 4-loop), interposed in place of resected rectum, were constructed in 12 piglets, 4 animals in each group (n = 12). After a 6 week interval the animals were sacrificed and the reservoirs removed and processed for light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both acute and chronic inflammatory changes were present but not prominent in the pouch mucosa. With the exception of mucosal ulcers both the histological and SEM-findings greatly resembled the atrophic, flat mucosa seen in ileal coeliac disease. Macroscopic findings did not correlate with histological findings. Colonization by bacteria and bacterial overgrowth were noticed in every pouch suggesting a possible link between bacterial invasion and pouch ileitis. No correlation was found, however, between the amount of intraluminal bacteria and the severity of the pouchitis. PMID- 3223735 TI - Dermatology--recent advances. PMID- 3223734 TI - Replantation service in Helsinki University Central Hospital 1980-1985. AB - A replantation service is a routine part of medical services. The best results are obtained when the work is centralized. In Finland five university hospitals have a replantation service. In the Helsinki University Central Hospital, 94 severed parts of the upper limb were replanted/revascularized in 1980-85. The amputation injury requiring replantation was most often a thumb avulsed by the driving axle of a tractor. The patients came from all over the country, and the short time span between the initial injury and admission to hospital--2.4 hours an average in 1985--shows that transport of these patients is not a problem in Finland. The mean duration of surgery was 6.9 hours. Most of the operations took place in the late afternoon, evening or at night. 16% of the cases needed immediate reoperation because of vascular problems. Later, over 40% of the cases underwent secondary procedures. Most of the patients returned to their former employment. In long-term follow-up, however, nine out of ten patients reported that the replanted organ was intolerant to cold. Therefore, with the exception of the thumb, single finger replantation should not be a routine procedure in a cold climate such as that encountered in Finland. A replantation service requires a minimum of four surgeons qualified in plastic surgery or hand surgery. The operating theatre will be in use through the night. Nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists must be specially trained. The surgeon must be prepared to perform multiple reconstructive procedures, both immediately and later on. PMID- 3223736 TI - Sudan I as a cause of pigmented contact dermatitis in "kumkum" (an Indian cosmetic). AB - "Kumkums" are coloured cosmetics frequently applied to the center of the forehead by Hindu women. Pigmented allergic contact dermatitis to "kumkum" was reported recently. It was associated with Brilliant Lake Red R and Sudan I allergy. These might be the causative allergens. Three of 7 brands of red "kumkums" analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry were found to contain various concentrations of Sudan I. They ranged from 2.789 mg/gm to 8.694 mg/gm. Sudan I is probably the cause of pigmented allergic contact dermatitis in red "kumkum". PMID- 3223737 TI - A comparison of the effect of UVB and sodium lauryl sulphate on skin water vapour loss. AB - The effect of erythemogenic UVB irradiation and minimal erythemogenic concentration of sodium lauryl sulphate(SLS) 4% aqueous (a skin irritant) irritation, on skin water vapour loss (SVL) of 12 male Chinese volunteers was studied. The mean SVL rate of unirradiated/unirritated skin was 4.5(+/- 2.0) g water/m2/h. The mean rate for UVB irradiated skin was 6.2(+/- 3.9) g water/m2/h and the rate for SLS irritated skin was 38.5(+/ 22.3) g water/m2/h (p = 0.0003). The irritation index (defined as SVL rate of irradiated or irritated minus that of unirradiated/unirritated skin divided by SVL rate of unirradiated/unirritated skin) was significantly lower on UVB irradiated skin (0.4 +/- 0.5) than SLS irritated skin (8.1 +/- 4.2) (p = 0.0001). It appears that UVB irradiation has significant less effect on the skin barrier compared with SLS irritation. It appears that SVL measurement may be used to differentiate UVB induced erythema from irritant induced erythema. PMID- 3223738 TI - Initial experience with the argon laser in cutaneous vascular lesions. AB - An 18-month clinical study on the effects of argon laser in cutaneous vascular disorders in 41 patients carried out at the National University Hospital is discussed. The results confirmed the excellent response that can be achieved in lesions such as capillary hemangiomas, granuloma pyogenicum, cherry angiomas, telangiectasias and spider angiomas, but not in venous flare of the lower limbs. We are cautiously optimistic about its role in portwine stains; results are still being assessed. Complication rates so far have been relatively low with scarring observed in one patient. PMID- 3223739 TI - The modified MOHS micrographic surgery. AB - MOHS micrographic surgery produces the highest cure rate of any available treatment for skin cancer. This procedure, employing frozen sections of fresh tissue, requires special laboratory facilities as an integral part of the Mohs micrographic surgery unit and a skilled histotechnician, which makes it expensive. Moreover, the multi-stage procedures in one day requires an extensive commitment of operating time and personnel. We have overcome these problems by utilizing the existing facilities, different methods of tissue-handling, and the use of the expertise of a pathologist. Surgeries can be scheduled at such times that are less disruptive to the patient, surgeon and pathologist. PMID- 3223740 TI - Non-infective skin associations of diabetes mellitus. AB - A study of non-infective skin associations of diabetes mellitus was conducted on 100 consecutive outpatient diabetics over a 3-month period. 10 were insulin dependent diabetics (IDDM), 24 insulin-requiring and 66 non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDDM). A total skin evaluation was done for each patient with skin biopsy whenever appropriate. Twenty-three patients had diabetic dermopathy; the frequency of retinopathy in this group (39.1%) is significantly higher than that without diabetic dermopathy (6.9%) (p less than 0.001). There were 20 instances of cutaneous complications of therapy; 10 had insulin lipodystrophy (29.4% of 34 insulin users). Twelve patients, 8 of whom were overweight, had acanthosis nigricans. There were 6 Indians among them and all the patients had NIDDM. Eight had xanthelasma. Vitiligo occurred in 3.3% of those with NIDDM. Classical scleredema diabeticorum and cheiroarthropathy occurred in 2% of patients. One patient had atypical granuloma annulare. There was a higher incidence of xanthelasma in our study compared with studies done previously. Insulin lipodystrophy and acanthosis nigricans in the absence of classically described syndromes of insulin resistance seem to be fairly common phenomena and merit further investigation locally. PMID- 3223741 TI - An immunofluorescence study of lichen planus among Asians in Singapore. AB - Forty-five Asian patients (Indians 35, Chinese 8, Malay 2) with histologically proven lichen planus were studied by immunofluorescence. The most characteristic feature, seen in 93% of the cases, was shaggy deposition of fibrinogen along the basement membrane. Immunoglobulin deposition along the basement membrane was notably, absent. Colloid bodies were observed in 87% of the cases. Fibrinogen was the most common immunoreactant, and its presence in colloid bodies was always associated with fibrinogen deposition along the basement membrane zone. Colloid bodies also contained a variety of other immunoreactants. However, staining for IgM was noted to be the most intense. The combination of shaggy deposition of fibrinogen along the basement membrane, in the absence of immunoglobulins, and the presence of colloid bodies around the basement membrane zone, is highly characteristic of lichen planus. The pattern of immunofluorescence among Asians with lichen planus, conforms to that observed in other races. There did not appear to be any difference in the immunofluorescence staining with pattern in the three racial groups studied. PMID- 3223742 TI - Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. AB - This is a short report on the first case of a multicentric reticulohistiocytosis diagnosed at Middle Road Hospital in 1987. He presented with multiple reddish brown papules and nodules but without arthritis. Systemic review did not show any associated malignancies. Treatment with methotrexate has not been useful. Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis is a proliferative histiocytic disorder that is benign. It is characterised by a dermatoarthritis, extensive red nodule and a rheumatoid-like arthritis. Histologically, multinucleated giant cells in ground glass cytoplasma and mononuclear histiocytes form the granulomatous infiltrate that invades the dermis, mucosa, synovium and others--bone, plasma, pericardium etc. PMID- 3223743 TI - Acute disseminated cutaneous candidiasis. AB - Acute disseminated candidiasis is a serious and difficult problem often seen in immunocompromised states. Appearance of a characteristic skin eruption is helpful in the diagnostic. We report below a case report of an eight year old girl with aplastic anemia who had received multiple courses of antibiotics. A profuse monomorphic papular nodular eruption subsequently appeared on the face, palms and soles. Candida tropicalis was identified from the skin biopsy taken from one such lesion. PMID- 3223744 TI - A case of malignant pyoderma with neurological manifestations. AB - A case of malignant pyoderma with a fatal course is presented. A 62-year-old Chinese man was admitted with a 8-month history of progressive ulcerative nodular skin lesions starting on the right antecubital fossa and spreading to the chest, face, arms and legs. The lesions failed to respond to many antibiotics. Examination revealed multiple large crusted foul-smelling ulcers with erythematous raised vegetative edges and tender erythematous nodules. Investigations showed an anaemia of chronic disease and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 135mm/1st hour. Histology showed multiple circumscribed microabscesses in the upper dermis. The skin lesions responded well to systemic corticosteroid therapy. Three months after admission, he developed multiple cranial nerve palsies, and severe progressive peripheral neuropathy. Radiographic studies revealed cavitating lesion in the right upper lobe consistent with a diagnosis of carcinoma of the lung. Five months after admission, patient was intubated for stridor but he succumbed to aspiration pneumonia. Malignant pyoderma should be considered if an ulcer fails to respond to antibiotics, and possible neurological complications should be thought of. PMID- 3223745 TI - Skin diseases in children in Singapore. AB - Singapore has developed over the past 3 decades with improvement in housing, nutrition and general health. The pattern of skin diseases has changed from conditions like pyodermas and malnutrition to predominantly eczemas. The paediatric cases seen at Middle Road Hospital consist of 13% of general dermatology cases (509 of 37,964 total new cases in 1986). About 2.7% (138) of the children were below 1 year, 32.5% (1630) were below 1-4 years and 64.5% (3251) were below 14 years of age. The ten most common dermatoses (1986) follow a similar trend in most of the developed towns of Asia. This includes eczemas 32.0% (1603 cases); 14.5% (730) of atopics, non-specified eczemas 9.6% (481), hand eczema 4.1% (209), contact dermatitis 1.7% (90), discoid eczema 1.15% (57), seborrhoeic 0.7% (36). The remaining are viral warts 6.8% (342), scabies 3.2% (302), acne 3.7% (180), pyoderma 3.5% (175), dermatophytes 3.3% (169), urticaria 2.6% (134), pityriasis rosea 0.1% (51) and vitiligo 0.09% (46). PMID- 3223746 TI - An immunohistochemical and morphological study of amyloidosis complicating leprosy in Malaysian patients. AB - Congo red screening of tissue blocks from 37 consecutive autopsies on leprosy patients revealed 7 cases of systemic amyloidosis, indicating a prevalence rate of 19%. 5 were males and 2 females. All were ethnic Chinese. Their ages ranged from 52 to 85 years with a mean of 69 years. Six had lepromatous leprosy while the remaining 1 had tuberculoid leprosy. In all 7 cases, the amyloid was AA in type, being permanganate-sensitive and immunoreactive with anti-human AA protein antiserum. Hepatic deposition was limited to blood vessels, a pattern typical of AA (secondary) amyloidosis. With regard to renal involvement, 4 showed a predominantly vascular pattern of infiltration while 3 exhibited the more ominous glomerular pattern. Three died of chronic renal failure and 2 of congestive cardiac failure attributable to renal and cardiac amyloidosis respectively. One patient succumbed to septicaemia and the remaining 1 to acute myocardial infarction. AA amyloidosis remains a serious and significant complication of leprosy among Malaysians. PMID- 3223747 TI - A study of the mortality patterns of taxi drivers in Singapore. AB - The mortality patterns of taxi drivers in Singapore were studied by examining the death certificates of a group of taxi drivers from 1984 to 1986. The drivers were all members of Singapore's largest transport co-operative, with a fleet of 6,377 taxis. This represents over 60% of all taxis in Singapore. One hundred deaths occurred among the taxi drivers during these 3 years. The age and sex standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were 0.70 in 1984, 0.72 in 1985, and 0.98 in 1986. For the whole period, the age and sex standardised SMR was 0.80 (95% CL 0.65-0.97). Leading causes of death were neoplasms (42%), coronary heart disease (24%), and cerebrovascular disease (15%). Age and sex standardised cause specific SMRs were 1.22 (95% CL 0.88-1.65) for neoplasms, 0.78 (95% CL 0.50-1.16) for coronary heart disease, 1.51 (95% CL 0.84-2.49) for cerebrovascular disease, and 1.03 (95% CL 0.28-2.63) for suicides and homicides. Death from all other causes was significantly lower than the general population (SMR 0.32, 95% CL 0.18-0.53). As compared to the general population, taxi drivers in Singapore do not appear to have an excess mortality risk for cancers, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease or from all other causes of death. Their risk of violent death from homicide or suicide is low when compared to available reports from other countries. PMID- 3223748 TI - Murine typhus infection complicated by dengue haemorrhagic fever. AB - Murine typhus is endemic in many South East Asian countries but it has not been reported from the island of Borneo. Recently we attended to an English lady who contracted the disease in Brunei. Her clinical course unexpectedly turned stormy in the third week of the illness accompanied by severe thrombocytopenia. She made a complete recovery. Serological studies here and subsequently in England confirmed that she suffered from recent murine typhus infection complicated by dengue haemorrhagic fever. PMID- 3223749 TI - Pneumo-retroperitoneum associated with pneumatosis cystoides intestinals. AB - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, a rare disease characterised by gas cysts involving portions of the intestinal tract, is obscure in its etiology and intriguing in its presentation. Amongst several theories a new concept suggest that retroperitoneal gas is a probable source of origin. Experimental studies in animals have demonstrated that air can track down the mediastinum into the retroperitoneum and thereby into the gut wall from an alveolar rupture. A case of pneumo-retroperitoneum in a patient with pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is now reported. PMID- 3223750 TI - Hyperthermia with radiotherapy. AB - The use of hyperthermia together with radiotherapy in the treatment of relatively radioresistant tumours has been widely studied. In this preliminary non control study we used a 8MHz RF capacitive heating machine together with temperature probes inserted into the tumours under local anaesthesia. 27 patients with advanced post-radiation tumour recurrences as well as known radioresistant tumours were selected for treatment with hyperthermia and radiation. 7 patients withdrew from the study because of their intolerance to heat. 3 patients received superficial skin burns. Of the 20 patients studied, we were able to obtain moderate hyperthermia in most cases. 2 patients showed complete responses and 13 partial responses, giving rise to a total response rate of 75%. Some of the technical difficulties in achieving satisfactory hyperthermia are discussed. These include insertion of multiple probes into the body and the problem of achieving uniform heating of the tumour. Advances in hyperthermia can be expected with the development of improved methods of heat delivery and temperature measurements. However, presently methods of heat delivery can be improved by careful adjustment of the heating applicators and manipulation of cooling pads to avoid areas of excessive heating. Further clinical trials should be carried out to establish the optimum technique of hyperthermia. PMID- 3223751 TI - [Extracorporeal lithotripsy as the primary procedure in the treatment of large kidney calculi]. AB - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) as primary treatment for large renal stones has been evaluated in this clinical study of 55 patients. Patients were treated using the Dornier HM-3 lithotripter. Twenty-one (38%) patients presented with a stone burden greater than 4 centimeters. Nineteen patients had "steinstrasse", of which 8 had to undergo a secondary procedure. Sixteen (29%) patients had no residual stone, 5 had clinically non significant stones and 34 had clinically significant stones. Out of the 15 patients who underwent a second ESWL, only 2 were rendered stone-free. In this study, ESWL was not found to be a satisfactory treatment for large renal stones. PMID- 3223752 TI - [Preventive antibiotic therapy and endoscopic resection. A randomized study of 52 patients]. AB - In an open randomised comparative study, the efficacy of perioperative treatment with pivmecillinam (from the evening before the operation to the day after removal of the catheter) in urinary tract endoscopic surgery complicated by a serious uronephrological history was evaluated in 27 subjects versus a control group of 25 subjects. 80% of patients in this group had an uncomplicated postoperative course compared with only 40% of the subjects in the control group (p less than 0.010). The authors conclude on the value of this type of prophylaxis. PMID- 3223753 TI - [Eosinophilic bladder disease]. AB - The authors present ten cases of eosinophil cystopathy and recall the very varied clinical signs of this disease: pollakiuria, haematuria, dysuria and the findings of complementary investigations: possible dilatation of the upper urinary tract, thickening of the bladder wall. Biopsy is essential and reveals lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration and numerous eosinophils. The treatment administered was either immunosuppressants or dimethyl sulphoxide. PMID- 3223754 TI - [Transrenal ureteral occlusion using detachable balloons. An alternative to cutaneous ureterostomy in the treatment of vesicovaginal fistula]. AB - The treatment of urinary fistulae is particularly delicate when they occur in the course of a neoplastic disease. The development of less invasive, but variably successful, percutaneous techniques seems essential in these advanced patients. The authors report a case of ureteric occlusion by releasable balloon allowing the simple and rapid cure of a very disabling vesico-rectal-vaginal fistula associated with recurrent pelvic tumour. PMID- 3223755 TI - [Complete rupture of the urethra and bilateral fracture of the corpus cavernosum penis]. AB - The authors report a case of complete rupture of the urethra with bilateral fracture of the corpora cavernosa caused by a faux pas during coitus and emphasize the importance of early surgical treatment which allows a precise evaluation of the lesions and immediate repair, which are the best guarantees of a good functional prognosis. PMID- 3223756 TI - [Metastasis of the epididymis disclosing cancer of the prostate. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors present a patient who had prostatic carcinoma metastatic to the epididymis. The patient was asymptomatic except for painless swelling in the right epididymis. The laboratory radiographic and physical examination of the patient were normal. The prostate was clearly demarcated, homogeneous and solid. Surgery was performed in two stages. In the first stage semi-castration was performed. Histopathological analysis of the biopsy material showed prostatic carcinoma metastatic to the epididymis. There were no metastases in the testis. In the second stage, TUR of the prostate was performed. To our knowledge prostatic carcinoma metastatic to the epididymis has not been described previously. PMID- 3223757 TI - [Prevention of recurrent post-coital cystitis using hymenoplasty]. AB - Young women who suffer from recurrent post-coital cystitis constantly present an anatomical disposition of the urethral meatus which predisposes them to these infections (posterior location anchored by hymenal adhesions), which can be corrected by a very simple operation (hymenoplasty) with good results in more than 90% of cases in a series of 30 cases with a certain follow-up. PMID- 3223758 TI - A new transferrin variant from Iran (Tf B-Iran): review of 36 variant alleles. AB - A total of 2581 serum samples collected from five population groups of Iran was studied for electrophoretic variations of the transferrin (Tf). Besides the common phenotype Tf C the authors could observe 41 individuals with rare Tf types: CB1, CB2, CD1, CDChi, CD2. In addition to these Tf types two individuals with a new Tf B variant were observed. This new variant was found in the Dezfooli sample and was designated as Tf B-Iran. The electrophoretic position of this variant is described, and all the hitherto known Tf variants are reviewed. PMID- 3223759 TI - Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. AB - Extensive biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was demonstrated by the disappearance and mineralization of [14C]PCP in nutrient nitrogen-limited culture. Mass balance analyses demonstrated the formation of water-soluble metabolites of [14C]PCP during degradation. Involvement of the lignin-degrading system of this fungus was suggested by the fact the time of onset, time course, and eventual decline in the rate of PCP mineralization were similar to those observed for [14C]lignin degradation. Also, a purified ligninase was shown to be able to catalyze the initial oxidation of PCP. Although biodegradation of PCP was decreased in nutrient nitrogen-sufficient (i.e., nonligninolytic) cultures of P. chrysosporium, substantial biodegradation of PCP did occur, suggesting that in addition to the lignin-degrading system, another degradation system may also be responsible for some of the PCP degradation observed. Toxicity studies showed that PCP concentrations above 4 mg/liter (15 microM) prevented growth when fungal cultures were initiated by inoculation with spores. The lethal effects of PCP could, however, be circumvented by allowing the fungus to establish a mycelial mat before adding PCP. With this procedure, the fungus was able to grow and mineralize [14C]PCP at concentrations as high as 500 mg/liter (1.9 mM). PMID- 3223760 TI - Physiological characterization of strain DCB-1, a unique dehalogenating sulfidogenic bacterium. AB - Strain DCB-1 is an obligately anaerobic bacterium which carries out the reductive dehalogenation of halobenzoates and was previously known to grow only on pyruvate plus 20% ruminal fluid. When various electron acceptors were supplied, thiosulfate and sulfite were found to stimulate growth. Sulfide was produced from thiosulfate. Cytochrome c and desulfoviridin were detected. The mol% G+C was 49 (at the thermal denaturation temperature). Of 55 carbon sources tested, only pyruvate supported growth as the sole carbon source in mineral medium. Lactate, acetate, L- and D-malate, glycerol, and L- and D-arabinose stimulated growth when supplemented with 10% ruminal fluid and 20 mM thiosulfate. In mineral medium, pyruvate was converted to acetate and lactate, with small amounts of succinate and fumarate accumulating transiently. During growth with thiosulfate, all of these products accumulated transiently. Addition of excess hydrogen to pyruvate grown cultures resulted in diversion of carbon to formate, lactate, and butyrate, which caused a decrease in cell yield. We conclude that strain DCB-1 is a new type of sulfidogenic bacterium. PMID- 3223761 TI - Metabolism of glyphosate in Pseudomonas sp. strain LBr. AB - Metabolism of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) by Pseudomonas sp. strain LBr, a bacterium isolated from a glyphosate process waste stream, was examined by a combination of solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and analysis of the phosphonate composition of the growth medium. Pseudomonas sp. strain LBr was capable of eliminating 20 mM glyphosate from the growth medium, an amount approximately 20-fold greater than that reported for any other microorganism to date. The bacterium degraded high levels of glyphosate, primarily by converting it to aminomethylphosphonate, followed by release into the growth medium. Only a small amount of aminomethylphosphonate (about 0.5 to 0.7 mM), which is needed to supply phosphorus for growth, could be metabolized by the microorganism. Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of strain LBr grown on 1 mM [2-13C,15N]glyphosate showed that about 5% of the glyphosate was degraded by a separate pathway involving breakdown of glyphosate to glycine, a pathway first observed in Pseudomonas sp. strain PG2982. Thus, Pseudomonas sp. strain LBr appears to possess two distinct routes for glyphosate detoxification. PMID- 3223762 TI - Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody cross-reactive with most group A trichothecenes. AB - A monoclonal antibody cross-reactive with most group A trichothecenes was produced by fusion of P3/NS-1/1-AG4-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from a BALB/c mouse that had been immunized with 3-acetyl-neosolaniol hemisuccinate conjugated to bovine serum albumin. One stable clone, H159B1D5, which produced monoclonal antibody that bound with both T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) was obtained after subcloning. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that the antibody belongs to the immunoglobulin G1 (kappa chain) isotype and had binding constants of 2.81 x 10(9), 1.05 x 10(9), and 1.57 x 10(8) liters per mole for T-2 tetraol tetraacetate, T-2 toxin, and DAS, respectively. The relative cross-reactivities of the antibody with T-2 tetraol tetraacetate, T-2 toxin, and DAS were 200, 100, and 20, respectively, with tritiated T-2 toxin as the marker ligand. The relative cross-reactivities for the above toxins were 667, 100, and 73, respectively, with tritiated DAS as the marker ligand. No cross-reaction with HT-2 and deoxynivalenol triacetate was observed in either system. By using this monoclonal antibody, an indirect ELISA for analysis of T-2 toxin was also developed. The linear portion of the standard curve for analysis of T-2 toxin in each analysis by radioimmunoassay and ELISA was in the range of 0.1 to 2 ng and 0.05 to 1.0 ng, respectively. PMID- 3223763 TI - Dependence of tetrachloroethylene dechlorination on methanogenic substrate consumption by Methanosarcina sp. strain DCM. AB - Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE) is a suspected carcinogen and a common groundwater contaminant. Although PCE is highly resistant to aerobic biodegradation, it is subject to reductive dechlorination reactions in a variety of anaerobic habitats. The data presented here clearly establish that axenic cultures of Methanosarcina sp. strain DCM dechlorinate PCE to trichloroethylene and that this is a biological reaction. Growth on methanol, acetate, methylamine, and trimethylamine resulted in PCE dechlorination. The reductive dechlorination of PCE occurred only during methanogenesis, and no dechlorination was noted when CH4 production ceased. There was a clear dependence of the extent of PCE dechlorination on the amount of methanogenic substrate (methanol) consumed. The amount of trichloroethylene formed per millimole of CH4 formed remained essentially constant for a 20-fold range of methanol concentrations and for growth on acetate, methylamine, and trimethylamine. These results suggest that the reducing equivalents for PCE dechlorination are derived from CH4 biosynthesis and that the extent of chloroethylene dechlorination can be enhanced by stimulating methanogenesis. It is proposed that electrons transferred during methanogenesis are diverted to PCE by a reduced electron carrier involved in methane formation. PMID- 3223764 TI - Effects of the ionophores monensin and tetronasin on simulated development of ruminal lactic acidosis in vitro. AB - A continuous coculture of four ruminal bacteria, Megasphaera elsdenii, Selenomonas ruminantium, Streptococcus bovis, and Lactobacillus sp. strain LB17, was used to study the effects of the ionophores monensin and tetronasin on the changes in ruminal microbial ecology that occur during the onset of lactic acidosis. In control incubations, the system simulated the development of lactic acidosis in vivo, with an initial overgrowth of S. bovis when an excess of glucose was added to the fermentor. Lactobacillus sp. strain LB17 subsequently became dominant as pH fell and lactate concentration rose. Both ionophores were able to prevent the accumulation of lactic acid and maintain a healthy non lactate-producing bacterial population when added at the same time as an excess of glucose. Tetronasin was more potent in this respect than monensin. When tetronasin was added to the culture 24 h after glucose, the proliferation of lactobacilli was reversed and a non-lactate-producing bacterial population developed, with an associated drop in lactate concentration in the fermentor. Rises in culture pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations accompanied these changes. Monensin was unable to suppress the growth of lactobacilli; therefore, in contrast to tetronasin, monensin added 24 h after the addition of glucose failed to reverse the acidosis. Numbers of lactobacilli and lactate concentrations remained high, whereas pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations were low. PMID- 3223765 TI - Test of the validity of the Poisson assumption for analysis of most-probable number results. AB - A test of the validity of the Poisson assumption for sample replicates in dilution series of finite length is proposed and its properties are examined by using Monte Carlo simulation. The test is based on an examination of the number of intervals between complete sterility and complete infection in a series. The test is applied to a data set of routine influent coliform samples at the Chicago water supply intake. By this test, the data set is rejected as being drawn from a Poisson replication. Tables for direct application to a 3-dilution, 5-tube decimal series are presented, and their application is illustrated. PMID- 3223766 TI - Survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination. AB - The susceptibility of coliform bacteria and bacterial pathogens to free chlorine residuals was determined before and after incubation with amoebae and ciliate protozoa. Viability of bacteria was quantified to determine their resistance to free chlorine residuals when ingested by laboratory strains of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Tetrahymena pyriformis. Cocultures of bacteria and protozoa were incubated to facilitate ingestion of the bacteria and then were chlorinated, neutralized, and sonicated to release intracellular bacteria. Qualitative susceptibility of protozoan strains to free chlorine was also assessed. Protozoa were shown to survive and grow after exposure to levels of free chlorine residuals that killed free-living bacteria. Ingested coliforms Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Klebsiella oxytoca and bacterial pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella sonnei, Legionella gormanii, and Campylobacter jejuni had increased resistance to free chlorine residuals. Bacteria could be cultured from within treated protozoans well after the time required for 99% inactivation of free-living cells. All bacterial pathogens were greater than 50-fold more resistant to free chlorine when ingested by T. pyriformis. Escherichia coli ingested by a Cyclidium sp., a ciliate isolated from a drinking water reservoir, were also shown to be more resistant to free chlorine. The mechanism that increased resistance appeared to be survival within protozoan cells. This study indicates that bacteria can survive ingestion by protozoa. This bacterium-protozoan association provides bacteria with increased resistance to free chlorine residuals which can lead to persistence of bacteria in chlorine-treated water. We propose that resistance to digestion by predatory protozoa was an evolutionary precursor of pathogenicity in bacteria and that today it is a mechanism for survival of fastidious bacteria in dilute and inhospitable aquatic environments. PMID- 3223767 TI - Three dehalogenases and physiological restraints in the biodegradation of haloalkanes by Arthrobacter sp. strain HA1. AB - Arthrobacter sp. strain HA1 utilizes 18 C2-to-C8 1-haloalkanes for growth and synthesizes an inducible 1-bromoalkane debrominase of unknown physiological function (R. Scholtz, T. Leisinger, F. Suter, and A.M. Cook, J. Bacteriol. 169:5016-5021, 1987) in addition to an inducible 1-chlorohexane halidohydrolase which dehalogenates some 50 substrates, including alpha, omega-dihaloalkanes. alpha, omega-Dihaloalkanes were utilized by cultures of strain HA1 under certain conditions only. C9 and C8 homologs prevented growth. At suitable concentrations, C7-to-C5 homologs could serve as sole sources of carbon and energy for growth. C4 and C3 homologs could be utilized only in the presence of a second substrate (e.g., butanol), and the C2 homolog was not degraded. Kinetics of growth and substrate utilization indicated that cells of strain HA1 growing in butanol-salts medium could be used to test whether compounds induced the 1-chlorohexane halidohydrolase. No gratuitous induction of synthesis of the enzyme was observed. Many enzyme substrates (e.g., bromobenzene) did not induce synthesis of the enzyme, though the enzyme sequence to degrade the product (phenol) was present. Some inducers (e.g., bromomethane) were enzyme substrates but not growth substrates. In an attempt to find a physiological role for the 1-bromoalkane debrominase, we observed that several long-chain haloaliphatic compounds (greater than C9; e.g., 1-bromohexadecane and 1-chlorohexadecane) were utilized for growth and that induced cells could dehalogenate several 1-haloalkanes (at least C4 to C16). The dehalogenation of the long-chain compounds could not be assayed in the cell extract, so we presume that a third haloalkane dehalogenase was present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223768 TI - Degradation and O-methylation of chlorinated phenolic compounds by Rhodococcus and Mycobacterium strains. AB - Three polychlorophenol-degrading Rhodococcus and Mycobacterium strains were isolated independently from soil contaminated with chlorophenol wood preservative and from sludge of a wastewater treatment facility of a kraft pulp bleaching plant. Rhodococcus sp. strain CG-1 and Mycobacterium sp. strain CG-2, isolated from tetrachloroguaiacol enrichment, and Rhodococcus sp. strain CP-2, isolated from pentachlorophenol enrichment, mineralized pentachlorophenol and degraded several other polychlorinated phenols, guaiacols (2-methoxyphenols), and syringols (2,6-dimethoxyphenols) at micromolar concentrations and were sensitive to the toxic effects of pentachlorophenol. All three strains initiated degradation of the chlorophenols by para-hydroxylation, producing chlorinated para-hydroquinones, which were then further degraded. Parallel to degradation, strains CG-1, CG-2, and CP-2 also O-methylated nearly all chlorinated phenols, guaiacols, syringols, and hydroquinones. O-methylation of chlorophenols was a slow reaction compared with degradation. The preferred substrates of the O methylating enzyme(s) were those with the hydroxyl group flanked by two chlorine substituents. O-methylation was constitutively expressed, whereas degradation of chlorinated phenolic compounds was inducible. PMID- 3223769 TI - Characterization of an extracellular lignin peroxidase of the lignocellulolytic actinomycete Streptomyces viridosporus. AB - Previously we reported production of an extracellular lignin-inducible peroxidase by Streptomyces viridosporus (M. Ramachandra, D.L. Crawford, and A.L. Pometto III, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:2754-2760, 1987). This peroxidase was shown to oxidize 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, 2,4-dichlorophenol, homoprotocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylphenylenediamine and was found in higher than normal levels in strains enhanced for lignocellulose degradation. In the present study, we used a pure extracellular enzyme preparation with high peroxidase isoform P3 activity to oxidize lignin substructure model compounds of both the 1,2-diaryl propane and arylglycerol-beta-aryl ether types and containing C alpha-carbonyl and C alpha-hydroxyl groups. The reactions were monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography techniques. In the presence, but not the absence, of hydrogen peroxide, the enzyme preparation catalyzed C alpha-C beta bond cleavage in the side chains of the diaryl ethers 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,3-diol (I) and 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propan-1-one (II) and the diaryl ethane 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(phenyl)ethan-1-one (III). Rapid hydrogen peroxide consumption was observed when the enzyme preparation was added to either milled corn lignin or lignocellulose. Additional characterizations showed that this enzyme is a heme protein (Soret band, 408 nm) and a major component of the ligninolytic system of S. viridosporus T7A. This is the first report of a lignin peroxidase in a bacterium. We have designated this new lignin peroxidase as ALiP P3. PMID- 3223770 TI - Dehalogenation in marine sediments containing natural sources of halophenols. AB - Halophenols such as 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP) occur naturally in some marine sediments, as a consequence of various animal and algal activities. In an earlier study, DBP was observed in the burrow microenvironment of the hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalewskii. At the concentrations found in the burrow lining, aerobic respiration appeared to be inhibited significantly relative to anaerobic catabolism. This effect, as well as factors contributing to the degradation of DBP, has been documented further here. Results from the addition of radiolabeled DBP to oxic and anoxic sediment slurries and growth experiments with aerobic and anaerobic enrichments suggested that aerobes did not significantly metabolize DBP and that concentrations likely to be encountered on the inner surfaces of the burrow wall were inhibitory. In contrast, only minimal inhibition of growth occurred for anaerobes exposed to 1 mM DBP; in addition, DBP was substantially degraded in both enrichments and sediments under anaerobic conditions. Dehalogenation with the consequent production of phenol appeared to initiate anaerobic degradation. Sulfate-reducing bacteria did not dehalogenate DBP but appeared to degrade phenol. Decreased bacterial numbers and marked differences in the concentration and chemical speciation of iron in sediments from S. kowalewskii burrows may be attributed to toxic effects of DBP on aerobic bacteria. PMID- 3223771 TI - Laccase-mediated detoxification of phenolic compounds. AB - The ability of a polyphenoloxidase, the laccase of the fungus Rhizoctonia praticola, to detoxify phenolic pollutants was examined. The growth of the fungus could be inhibited by phenolic compounds, and the effective concentration was dependent on the substituents of the phenol. A toxic amount of a phenolic compound was added to a fungal growth medium in the presence or absence of a naturally occurring phenol, and half of the replicates also received laccase. The medium was then inoculated with R. praticola, and the levels of phenols in the medium were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The addition of the laccase reversed the inhibitory effect of 2,6-xylenol, 4-chloro-2 methylphenol, and p-cresol. Other compounds, e.g., o-cresol and 2,4 dichlorophenol, were detoxified only when laccase was used in conjunction with a natural phenol such as syringic acid. The toxicity of p-chlorophenol and 2,4,5 trichlorophenol could not be overcome by any additions. The ability of the laccase to alter the toxicity of the phenols appeared to be related to the capacity of the enzyme to decrease the levels of the parent compound by transformation or cross-coupling with another phenol. PMID- 3223772 TI - Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in water supplies of hemodialysis centers. AB - Infection of hemodialysis patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been associated with water used in reprocessing hemodialyzers. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of NTM and other bacteria in water samples collected over a 13-week period from 115 randomly selected dialysis centers in the United States. Total viable counts were determined by membrane filter assays; increased recovery of NTM was obtained by dosing a portion of each water sample with 1% formaldehyde (HCHO) before filtering. NTM were widely distributed and occurred with a high frequency in water supplies in dialysis centers. NTM were detected in water from 95 centers (83%), and 50% of all samples examined contained NTM. The results of this study support recommendations to use 4% HCHO or a chemical germicidal equivalent for disinfecting dialyzers that are to be reused. PMID- 3223773 TI - Effect of inorganic nutrients on the acclimation period preceding mineralization of organic chemicals in lake water. AB - The addition of phosphate, nitrate, or sulfate (each at 10 mM) decreased the acclimation period for the mineralization of low concentrations of p-nitrophenol (PNP) in lake water. Added phosphate shortened the acclimation period for biodegradation of 2 ng to 2 micrograms of PNP per ml in various lake water samples and of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate at 100 ng/ml. Added P enhanced the rate of growth of PNP-mineralizing microorganisms in waters containing 200 ng or 2 micrograms of PNP per ml. We suggest that the effect of P on the acclimation period results from an increase in the growth rate of the initially small population of microorganisms able to mineralize the synthetic chemicals. PMID- 3223774 TI - Toxin profiles of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 from environmental sources in Calcutta, India. AB - A collection of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolated from the aquatic environs of Calcutta, a cholera-hyperendemic area, were examined for the production of cholera toxin (CT), Shiga-like toxins (Vero toxins), heat-stable enterotoxin, and hemolysins. Two (0.5%) V. cholerae non-O1 isolates produced CT. The DNA from both these isolates also hybridized with a DNA probe containing sequences encoding the A subunit of CT. None of the strains produced Shiga-like toxins or heat-stable enterotoxin. Hemolytic activity was observed in 89.7% of the strains, of which 36.1% exhibited biological activity in the suckling mouse. However, none of them produced a hemolysin that cross-reacted with the thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It appears from this study that a small percentage of environmental V. cholerae non-O1 strains do possess the potential for causing cholera-like diarrhea. PMID- 3223775 TI - Immunoradiometrical measurement of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in pregnancy and at delivery. AB - Using conventional radioimmunoassay kits, we measured concentrations of two cancer-related antigens, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) throughout gestation and at delivery. The maternal serum was collected from 147 pregnant women between 5 and 43 weeks gestation and 27 women were studied at delivery at which time samples of maternal blood, umbilical artery and vein blood as well as amniotic fluid were collected. The various concentrations of TPA and CA125 were compared with placental weight and infant birth weight. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Mean TPA levels in maternal serum increased with advancing gestation and rose above 110 U/l (upper non-pregnant limit) from 35 weeks onwards. Mean CA125 levels rose above 35 U/ml (normal non pregnant upper limit) before 9 weeks gestation and thereafter fell. Both levels were markedly raised immediately after delivery. (2) In umbilical artery and vein serum, mean TPA levels were slightly raised. However, there were no significant differences between TPA levels in maternal serum and matched serum from the umbilical artery and vein. Mean umbilical CA125 levels were below 35 U/ml, while mean CA125 levels were significantly higher in the corresponding maternal serum. (3) The concentrations of TPA and CA125 were extremely high in amniotic fluid. The mean values reached 3604 U/l and 2187 U/ml, respectively. (4) None of the concentrations of TPA and CA125 in those pregnancy-related body fluids correlated significantly with birth weight, placental weight or fetal sex. These findings suggest that the production of these two cancer-related antigens is not by the fetus but the placenta. PMID- 3223776 TI - Ultrasound Doppler evaluation of uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulation in pre-eclampsia. AB - Blood flow velocity waveforms (FVW) were recorded weekly from the umbilical and arcuate arteries in 58 hospitalised women with a pregnancy complicated by pre eclampsia. The maximum velocity waveform was analysed for pulsatility index (PI) and the results from the final antenatal examination were related to the outcome of pregnancy. The umbilical artery FVW was abnormal in 36% of the pre-eclamptic pregnancies, as was the arcuate artery FVW in 42%. No difference in FVW was found between mild and severe pre-eclampsia. Abnormal FVW in the umbilical artery was associated significantly both with intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) (P less than 0.001) and with signs of fetal distress (FD) (P less than 0.05). Abnormal arcuate artery FVW was associated with FD (P less than 0.05), but not with IUGR. The outcome of pregnancy was related to Placenta Waveform Class, which was derived from the blood velocity on both maternal and fetal sides of placenta. The results suggest that ultrasound Doppler examination of the umbilical artery is a useful aid in monitoring pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia, but that arcuate artery examination needs further evaluation. PMID- 3223777 TI - The role of intravascular coagulation in pregnancy related acute renal failure. AB - Pregnancy-related acute renal failure (ARF) can include reversible tubular necrosis as well as irreversible cortical necrosis. Though pathogenetic mechanism are not fully understood, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) probably plays a primary role. We report 25 cases of pregnancy-related ARF: 13 were associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia and 12 with obstetric complications. The following parameters were studied: partial thromboplastin, prothrombin and thrombin time, fibrinogen, anti-thrombin III and FDP levels, platelet count, whole blood clot lysis time and area, fragmented red cells (schistocytes) in the blood smear, hemoglobin, aptoglobin and LDH concentrations. DIC was scored in arbitrary units ranging from 12 to 36 and related to the clinical picture, renal outcome and the treatment employed. Five patients had irreversible renal damage, while 19 recovered fully; one patient died and no renal histology was available. The DIC score did not seem to have a significant relation to the severity of renal damage. PMID- 3223778 TI - Urodynamics following radical abdominal hysterectomy for cervical cancer. AB - We performed urologic evaluations and urodynamic studies on 40 patients before and 2 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after radical abdominal hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Preoperative findings were mostly within normal limits. Fourteen days after surgery, all patients had small, spastic bladders and 68% had residual urine. Bladder sensation was impaired in all patients at 2 weeks and in 63% after 1 year. The average bladder capacity was 400 ml before surgery, 180 ml at 2 weeks, 350 ml at 6 months, and 460 ml at 1 year. One year postoperatively, no patient had residual urine, but 17.5% had asymptomatic bacteriuria, 17.5% had bladder trabeculation, 62.5% had abnormal compliance, and 85% used abdominal straining to void. Three patients developed overflow incontinence and 8 women developed urodynamic stress incontinence. Most patients were tolerant of the observed dysfunction. PMID- 3223779 TI - Sexual behavior and risk for pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - Sexual behavior characteristics of 35 patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and 44 healthy controls was studied prospectively. Patients with PID had sex more often than did controls (P less than 0.001). The mean number of sexual partners or age at first intercourse did not differ significantly between cases and controls. PID patients more often had oral sex than controls (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that sexual behavior characteristics may be important risk factors for PID, and should be prospectively studied in larger populations. PMID- 3223781 TI - Abdominopelvic actinomycosis associated with intrauterine devices. Two case reports. AB - Two case reports of abdominopelvic actinomycosis associated with an intrauterine device (IUD) are presented. In the first case, the association was difficult to establish and in the second one, a pelvic malignancy was suspected. The diagnosis and treatment of IUD-associated abdominopelvic actinomycosis are discussed on the basis of the present cases and the literature. PMID- 3223782 TI - Light microscopic neuropathology of long-term experimental Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection in the rat. PMID- 3223780 TI - Oral contraceptives and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. AB - A variety of benign liver tumors associated with the use of oral contraceptives has been described. However, there is controversy regarding the possible relation of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver to oral contraceptive therapy. Over a ten-year period at the Soroka Medical Center, two young women were found to have hepatic tumors diagnosed as focal nodular hyperplasia. In both cases the hepatic nodules were an incidental finding at laparotomy and were thought to be metastatic tumors. The clinical and pathological findings in both cases are reported. The features of focal nodular hyperplasia and its possible relation to oral contraceptive use is discussed. PMID- 3223783 TI - Progression of central nervous system lesions in the rat infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. A light microscopic study. PMID- 3223784 TI - The monitoring of trypanocidal treatment with a sensitive ELISA method for measuring melarsoprol levels in serum and in cerebrospinal fluids. PMID- 3223785 TI - A card agglutination test (CATT) for veterinary use based on an early VAT RoTat 1/2 of Trypanosoma evansi. PMID- 3223786 TI - Effect of steroid hormones and capacitation on membrane potential of human spermatozoa. AB - The accumulation of the lipophilic cation radiolabeled triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP+) was utilized to determine the resting membrane potential across the plasma membrane (psi) on human sperm. Washed sperm were suspended and incubated in low-K+ and high-K+ medium and allowed to take up the cation to a steady state (that is, 20 min at 37 degrees C). The data were transformed according to concentration using the intracellular volume and with these values inserted in the Nernst equation we obtain psi. When the concentration of K+ was low in the medium, the psi was -69 +/- 2 mV, the psi was temperature- and pH-dependent. The sperm were incubated in the same conditions in the presence of testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone. The addition of these hormones induced the decrease in psi by about 29%, 32%, and 40%, respectively. On the other hand, capacitation of spermatozoa was induced by the addition of calcium and the ionophore A23187 and in these conditions the psi decreased 50%. The action of the hormones on sperm membrane was accompanied by some steroid-dependent structural modification promoting the psi decrease. This effect plays an important role in the capacitation, preparing it for sperm penetration in the ova. PMID- 3223787 TI - Sperm chromatin heterogeneity as an infertility factor. AB - Semen samples from husbands with a history of unexplained infertility (n = 33), of women with habitual abortion (n = 36), or normal fertile donors (n = 20) were subjected to conventional semen analysis (SA), Acridine orange test (AOT), and zona-free hamster egg penetration test (HEPT). The three tests operate independently. The most discriminatory test was AOT (p = 0.0001) followed by HEPT (p = 0.019). The frequency of sperm chromatin heterogeneity as detected by AOT red fluorescence was highest in habitual abortion (39.4%), followed by unexplained infertility (16.4%), and, last, donors (9.4%). However the percentage of penetration was highest in habitual abortion (50.7%), followed by donors (43.1%), and least in unexplained infertility (33.9%). Conventional semen parameters (sperm density, motility, abnormality, and vitality) were the least to discriminate between the three groups. The presence of abnormal sperm chromatin may lead to infertility as a result of early pregnancy loss. PMID- 3223788 TI - Corrected seminal fructose levels: index of secretory activity of seminal vesicles. AB - Seminal fructose, sperm count, and sperm motility were measured in 340 men attending an infertility clinic. Seminal fructose correlates negatively with sperm count but not with sperm motility. The best correlation between sperm count and seminal fructose was obtained using the logarithm (log) of sperm count. When seminal fructose was multiplied by the log of sperm count obtaining a value named "corrected fructose," the correlation with sperm count disappeared, and there was positive correlation between corrected seminal fructose and sperm motility. Therefore, corrected seminal fructose level was significantly lower in asthenospermic than in normomotile subjects, irrespective of the sperm count. Corrected seminal fructose, but not seminal fructose levels, was lowered in subjects with either low levels of serum testosterone (less than 3 ng/ml) or evidence of an obstructive process in the reproductive tract. In both situations sperm motility was also reduced. The corrected fructose level was not affected by the presence of varicocele, hyperprolactinemia, or hyperserotoninemia. Measurement of corrected seminal fructose rather than seminal fructose may be a useful marker of the secretory activity of the seminal vesicles. PMID- 3223789 TI - Andrology, semen banks, and IVF centers: HIV/ARC/STD. PMID- 3223790 TI - Early carcinoma of the stomach after gastric surgery: comparison with early carcinoma in the non-operated stomach. AB - The relationships between the gross and histological types of early gastric carcinoma and non tumorous gastric mucosa were investigated in 12 cases of carcinoma of the stomach after operation and 46 cases of cardiac carcinoma within 5 cm of the squamocolumnar junction. Histological studies were made by examining specimens obtained by gastrectomy. Grossly elevated and histologically differentiated carcinomas were statistically more frequent after gastric surgery, than before. Comparison between cases of elevated and differentiated adenocarcinoma that had undergone gastric surgery with those that had not showed that atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia in the surrounding mucosa of the tumor were significantly slighter after gastric operation than in unoperated cases. Results suggested that early carcinomas developing after gastric surgery are different from those in the upper portion of the unoperated stomach. PMID- 3223791 TI - Cytometric study of carcinoid tumors and their metastases. AB - A series of 5 lung and 11 gastro-entero-pancreatic carcinoid tumors has been studied microspectrophotometrically. All lung carcinoids and the majority of gut derived tumors had near-diploid stemlines. The DNA absorption profile of metastases was similar to that of primary tumors. There was no difference in DNA patterns of tumors with and without metastases and it is suggested that cytophotometry cannot predict the metastasizing capacity of carcinoid tumors. PMID- 3223792 TI - Biosocial and other characteristics of the large bowel cancer patients in Belgrade (Yugoslavia). AB - This paper presents the results of a comparative biosocial study between 186 patients with large bowel cancer and two groups of matched controls, each with 186 persons. One of these groups was from hospitalized patients, the other from the neighbourhood of the cancer patients. Bowel cancer patients and their controls were compared with regard to level of education, profession, physical activity in job, smoking habits, alcohol and coffee consumption and previous illnesses. The only parameters that were statistically different between cancer patients and both controls were haemorrhoids and use of laxatives, that were found to be increased in the cancer group. Higher education level, coffee consumption, polyposis, appendectomia were significantly more presented in bowel cancer patients but only in comparison to one control group. Out of the other diseases of the digestive tract, cases and controls differed with respect to cholecystitis, cholecystectomy and to diabetes. PMID- 3223793 TI - Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma--a case report. AB - A rare, primary alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast occurring in a 14-year old girl is described. Diagnosis was based on the characteristic histological picture seen in the metastases and on the immunohistochemical results. Differential diagnostic problems are also discussed. PMID- 3223794 TI - Nodular fascitis--a case report with cytophotometric study. AB - Authors report on nodular fascitis occurred in a 46-year old female patient. Due to differential diagnostic difficulties the determination of cellular DNA content with absorption cytophotometer was also performed. This latter examination also proved the benign character of the alteration. PMID- 3223795 TI - Malignant giant cell tumour of soft tissues--a case report. AB - Authors describe a malignant giant cell soft tissue tumour in a 14-year old boy. Although its superficial localization seemed to suggest a relatively favourable prognosis the tumour gave early lymph node metastases. Both the immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies rendered evidence for its histiocytic origin. PMID- 3223796 TI - Carcinosarcomas of the skin--report of two cases. AB - Carcinosarcomas of the skin are extremely rare. Two such cases have been recorded in the literature. In the two cases reported, the epithelial component consisted of a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and the mesenchyma of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Immunohistochemistry was applied for the confirmation of the diagnosis. PMID- 3223797 TI - Cancer prevention, treatment and research in Denmark. PMID- 3223798 TI - Cancer care in Sweden. PMID- 3223799 TI - Granulopoiesis in the head kidney of Sparus auratus. AB - The head kidney of Sparus auratus (teleost) is comprised of erythropoietic, granulopoietic and lymphopoietic cells. This study describes the ultrastructure of the granulopoietic series of cells. Heterophils, eosinophils and basophils were found at various stages of development. The most numerous cells are the neutrophils, the cells of the basophilic series being very scarce. The most outstanding characteristics of the neutrophil series are the eccentric and slightly segmented nucleus and cytoplasm with numerous, homogeneously dense granules. The eosinophils show a lobed nucleus and two types of granules in the cytoplasm. In the basophils, the cytoplasmic granules are large with fibrillar contents. PMID- 3223800 TI - A further observation of multiaxonal nerve endings innervating intrafusal muscle fibers of the Chinese hamster. AB - In addition to annulospiral sensory endings and fusimotor endings, multiaxonal nerve endings consisting of a bundle of naked axons were frequently found in the muscle spindles of the adult Chinese hamster. The multiaxonal endings were mainly distributed in the equatorial region of the nuclear bag fibers, adjacent to the annulospiral sensory endings. Terminal axons composing the endings were less than 1.5 microns in diameter and contained a significant number of clear synaptic vesicles and large granulated vesicles. Some axons formed synaptic contacts with each other and with the muscle cell surface. These structural features suggest that the multiaxonal endings are efferent in nature. They may possibly represent a temporal structure of fusimotor endings, or belong to the autonomic nerves. PMID- 3223801 TI - Histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of nerves in the Duvernoy's gland of the Japanese colubrid snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus. AB - Nerve fibers supplying the Duvernoy's gland, a venom-secreting oral gland, of the Japanese colubrid snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus, were examined by formaldehyde induced fluorescence (FIF) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The innervation by the FIF fibers was rather meager and was restricted to the area around the arteries localized in the interlobular connective tissue. The AChE-reactive fibers, in contrast, were abundantly supplied all over the gland, especially to the lobule consisting of secretory units. Peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI)(1-15)-like immunoreactive fibers were also detected in the gland and proved identical to the AChE-reactive fibers. The reactivities for both AChE and PHI (1-15) were particularly prominent around the blood capillaries distributed in the lobules. Under the electron microscope, nerve fibers were frequently seen to terminate near capillaries subjacent to the secretory unit. Those nerve terminals containing small clear vesicles and dense core granules were devoid of Schwann cell coverage on the side facing the blood capillary. These features suggest that the nerve terminals may possibly release at least a portion of their secretory contents into the blood as neurohormones. PMID- 3223802 TI - Three-dimensional organization of the collagen fibrillar framework of the human and rat livers. AB - The collagen fibrillar framework in the human and rat liver was demonstrated by a cell-maceration/scanning electron microscope (SEM) method. Maceration of fixed tissues with alkali plus water successfully removed the cellular elements, exposing collagen fibrils which measured about 60 nm in diameter and were identified as such by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The normal human liver contained 12.4 mg of collagen fibrils/g of wet tissue, while rat livers contained 1.3 mg of collagen fibrils/g of wet tissue. In the Glisson's sheaths were condensations of collagen fibrils which extended to the hepatic lobules. In the spaces of Disse collagen fibrils ran either solitarily or in bundles and formed sheaths for housing the sinusoids. The central veins and the sublobular veins were also surrounded by the collagen fibrillar sheaths which were continuous with those in the spaces of Disse. Between adjacent sheaths of sinusoids frequently stretched collagen fibrillar bundles which were confirmed by TEM to occur in inter-hepatocellular spaces continuous with the spaces of Disse. The collagen fibrillar layer of the human liver capsule was much thicker (70-100 microns in thickness) than that of the rat liver (less than 5 microns in thickness). The collagen fibrils of the capsule were also continuous with those in the spaces of Disse. The collagen fibrillar framework of the liver is presumed not only to mechanically support the tissue, but also to form a microenvironment for hepatocytes and cells in the Disse's space. PMID- 3223803 TI - [Liposomes as drug carriers for cinchona alkaloids and as a model for the interaction of cinchona alkaloids with erythrocytes]. PMID- 3223804 TI - Cancerostatics, VI. Synthesis and antineoplastic properties of some benzo-iso alpha-carbolines. PMID- 3223805 TI - [Acylanilides. 2. Testing of stereoisomer acylanilides for analgesic activity in the rat]. PMID- 3223806 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of methoxy-indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines. PMID- 3223807 TI - [Amino acids. 9. Stereospecific synthesis of heterocyclic substituted alpha dehydroamino acid derivatives]. PMID- 3223808 TI - [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1,1,1-trifluor-2-propyl)-4-hydroxyben zamide: synthesis and pharmacologic evaluation of a new antiestrogen]. PMID- 3223809 TI - Treatment outcome of secondary orgasmic dysfunction: a two- to six-year follow up. AB - Sixty-six women reporting secondary orgasmic dysfunction and their partners, who received one of five group treatment formats, were sent questionnaires 2-6 years later. Thirty-eight of the women and 38 of the male partners responded to the follow-up questionnaires. Women who were not divorced and who did not receive additional treatment after group treatment (n = 28) showed consistent increases across time in their ability to experience orgasm during intercourse, improving from a mean coital orgasmic frequency of 9.5% before treatment to 36.9% at long term follow-up. Sexual harmony and coital frequency showed similar increases following treatment but had returned to near baseline levels 2-6 years later. Divorced women and women who received additional treatment (n = 10) demonstrated greater declines in sexual harmony over the follow-up period than did their untreated counterparts. The subjects reported generally favorable reactions to treatment and stressed the importance of a treatment focus on communication and relationship skills. Regression analyses suggested the predictive importance of variables associated with the male partner's functioning. The implications of the results for clinical practice and for future research are discussed. PMID- 3223810 TI - Patterns of change in sexual behavior among gay men in New York City. AB - In the absence of a vaccine or effective treatment for AIDS, health education remains the most effective strategy for stemming the spread of the epidemic. Among homosexual and bisexual men, who continue to account for the majority of AIDS cases, sexual practices have been identified as the principal risk factor. Consequently, public health efforts aimed at this population have focused on raising awareness of the potential risks of HIV infection associated with certain sexual practices. A sample of 162 asymptomatic gay and bisexual men were studied to examine patterns of change and stability in sexual behavior. The data reveal that while the large majority (84%) had adopted at least modification in their sexual behavior, primarily in the form of reducing their total number of partners and their number of anonymous partners, a significant proportion (48%) continued to engage in risky sexual behavior; this, despite high levels of knowledge concerning risk-reduction guidelines. The findings suggest that the mere transfer of information concerning safer sex practices is not sufficient to induce the desired behavior changes in a substantial proportion of gay men. Alternative strategies for achieving behavior change are suggested. PMID- 3223811 TI - Correlation between sexual desire and menstrual cycle characteristics. AB - An extensive set of prospective data was examined for evidence of covariation between the timing of sexual desire and a number of menstrual cycle characteristics. In any given menstrual cycle, sexual desire was usually first experienced a few days before the basal body temperature (BBT) shift, around the expected ovulation date. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between the day of the BBT shift and the day of sexual desire onset, and between the length of the menstrual cycle and the temporal lag between the onset of sexual desire and the BBT shift. These results are consistent with a model in which sexual desire is affected by the same process that regulates the menstrual cycle. This process is presumably hormonal in nature, suggesting that hormonal factors contribute to sexual desire. PMID- 3223812 TI - Is there a reliable and valid self-report measure of sexual behavior? AB - A psychometric analysis of the Sexual Experience Scale (SES) from the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory was conducted. This sexual behavior measure was administered on four occasions to a large sample of normal, heterosexual, sexually active women and a comparable sample which underwent gynecologic treatment that resulted in a predictable and clinical level of sexual dysfunction. In terms of reliability, internal consistency estimates for the SES were in the .85 to .90 range, but the stability of the SES was lower and ranged from .55 to .85. An evaluation of the validity revealed both strengths and limitations of the SES. The content analysis reveals that a wider range of sexual behaviors is sampled by the SES than comparable measures. To examine construct validity, a factor analysis provided a five-factor solution which would account for 82% of the variance, but the solution was not stable across groups or time and the factors were not sensitive to detecting important behavior changes. As many other psychological measures, the SES was poor in predicting a criterion (i.e., the occurrence of sexual dysfunction) concurrently or at the time of follow-up. The outcome of this analysis is discussed in the context of selecting reliable and valid self-report measures of sexual behavior. PMID- 3223813 TI - Transsexuals in the military: flight into hypermasculinity. AB - A sample of 11 male gender-dysphoric patients meeting DSM-III criteria for transsexualism was seen over a 3-year period by a military psychiatrist. Eight patients had extensive military experience, including combat duty in some cases. At the time of evaluation three were on active duty, one was a Department of Defense employee, and four were veterans. Evidence is presented for a hypermasculine phase of development that coincides with the age of enlistment in nearly all cases. The psychodynamic underpinnings of the choice to enlist in transsexual males are discussed. Outcome of military service was premature discharge in over 60%. The military's management of gender-dysphoric servicemen is described. Current military policies, in association with the proposed hypermasculine phase of transsexual development, may actually result in a higher prevalence of transsexualism in the military than in the civilian population. PMID- 3223814 TI - Male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals: a comparison. AB - Male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals differed with respect to social, partnership, and sexual behavior, independently of whether they had had surgery. Female-to-male transsexuals more often had close ties to their parents and siblings, established stable partnerships more frequently solely with the same biological sex, and were more satisfied sexually. When they first consulted a physician about sex change, they were already more integrated socially. By the time the follow-up assessment took place, male-to-female transsexuals were as integrated socially as their female-to-male counterparts. The differences in partnership behavior between male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals were not altered as a result of surgery, despite the better surgical match with which surgery provides male-to-female transsexuals in comparison with their female-to male counterparts. The reasons for the relational differences remain unclear and raise issues in the areas of developmental psychology and genetics. PMID- 3223815 TI - [Methods of evaluation of occupational exposure to asbestos fibers]. PMID- 3223816 TI - [Reactivity of the larger and smaller respiratory pathways to physical loading in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3223817 TI - [Ventilatory function in soybean processing workers]. PMID- 3223818 TI - [The effect of occupational damage registered in the metalworking industry on the basis of pulmonary function in workers]. PMID- 3223819 TI - [The effect of chlorinated aromatic compounds on isolated hepatocytes]. PMID- 3223820 TI - [Absence of an effect of cadmium on the distribution of ribosomal particles in the mouse testis]. PMID- 3223821 TI - [Biosynthesis of T-2 toxin in pure cultures under various laboratory conditions]. PMID- 3223822 TI - [Vertebral diseases in dock workers]. PMID- 3223823 TI - [Comatose states due to poisoning. A 12-year study]. PMID- 3223824 TI - [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid poisoning with a coma state in an elderly patient]. PMID- 3223825 TI - [Alcoholic liver disease]. PMID- 3223826 TI - [Occurrence of Campylobacter pylori in patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer]. AB - Endoscopic biopsies from the gastric antrum and margin of peptic ulcers (gastric and duodenal) were obtained from 56 patients for histologic and microbiologic studies in order to establish the occurrence of Campylobacter pylori. Thirty nine of them had antral gastritis and in 37 (94.8%) the bacteria was detected. In 17 cases with normal mucosa the culture was positive in only 2 of them (p less than 0.01). Patients with duodenal and gastric ulcer had a 100% and 88.8%, respectively, of positivity to C. pylori at samples from the margin of the lesions. Bacteriologic findings were similar to those described in the literature. At the electronic microscopy bacilli were found near or adhering to the cellular surface without signs of intraepithelial penetration. This study confirms the association between C. pylori and gastritis and peptic gastroduodenal ulcer. PMID- 3223827 TI - [Clinical conference at the Brazilian Institute for Studies and Research in Gastroenterology]. PMID- 3223828 TI - [Digestive involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis]. AB - We studied 14 patients with PSS, 12 females and 2 males with a mean age of 43.6 and a medium of 8 years disease. All of the patients were selected for this study according to updated ARA criteria and were included in a prospective protocol to investigate digestive involvement. This protocol consists of a complete medical history, physical examination, radiologic and endoscopic studies, parasitological and microbial flora investigation. The symptoms more frequently seen were: pyrosis (78%), gastroesophageal regurgitation (50%), flatulence (50%), dysphagia (42%) and chronic diarrhea (21%). The radiologic findings commonly seen were: distal esophageal aperistalsis (78%), gastroesophageal reflux (57%), dilatation of intestinal loops (35%), changes of the mucosal folds (35%). A mild esophagitis was seen endoscopically in 64% of the patients, moderate and severe in 7% respectively. The study of the microbial flora showed contaminations with enterobacteria in 5 patients (35%). After statistical analysis we concluded that the digestive compromise by PSS is frequent, being the esophagus more commonly affected (80%), at the beginning in the form of reflux esophagitis and later in esophageal stenosis, the compromise of the small intestine (40%) is manifested by chronic diarrhea or dyspeptic flatulence, which correlates well the radiologic findings and the bacterial overgrowth in this organ. The colonic compromise generally is asymptomatic, and the common finding is dilatation os the colonic loops. Finally, the bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine is a secondary involvement to the intestinal compromise of Progressive Systemic Sclerosis. PMID- 3223829 TI - Hereditary essential tremor in Buenos Aires (Argentina). AB - A descriptive trial of essential tremor in Buenos Aires city is proposed. It may be considered as the first one like this in Latin America. During a 15 year period, sixteen families with essential tremor diagnosis have been examined, making a total of 39 patients (20 males and 19 females). The disease was basically studied from its semiological, clinico-evolutive and therapeutical view point, following a protocol. Our results indicate -- a. The clinico-evolutive characteristics: its frequency (according to race, sex, social status, age of beginning and physiopathological type), morbidity and mortality, evolution, prognosis, triggering factors, longevity and multiparity. b. The different treatment given to our patients with discussion of their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis and evaluation of the best responses. In this matter, it is concluded that both primidone (750 mg/daily) and/or propranolol (160-240 mg/daily) are undeniably the drugs of first choice for the treatment of this disease. A comparison of the clinico-therapeutic features of this tremor in Buenos Aires and other cities is done. The study of this syndrome in Buenos Aires does not give different results from those obtained in Europe and USA. PMID- 3223830 TI - [Topography and reactivity of the visual evoked potential]. AB - Augmenting/reducing (A/R) of visual evoked potentials (VEP) has been repeatedly observed in central derivations, with some subjects increasing, and others decreasing, VEP amplitude with increasing intensity of stimulation. Central derivations also exhibit hemispheric lateralization regarding A/R. This paper explores central and occipital VEP in the same population of 16 healthy, right handed male subjects, stimulated with binocular light flashes 10 usec in duration delivered by a Grass PS2 stimulator at a rate of 1/sec and at the intensities of 0.36, 0.72 and 1.44 joules at source. Amplitudes and latencies of components P1, N1 and P2 agreed with those reported in the literature. On the basis of amplitude/intensity slope functions of "peak to peak" amplitudes (P1N1 and NIP2) at Cz, 10 augmenters (slope greater than 0) and 6 reducers (slope smaller than 0) were found. Compared to central leads (C3 and C4) occipital ones (O1 and O2) did not exhibit significant interhemispheric differences. Vertex augmenters for N1P2 were occipital reducers and vice-versa. The different characteristics of A/R at occipital and central leads are interpreted in terms of stages of visual information processing in primary and association areas and functional significance of VEP components. PMID- 3223831 TI - Correlation between specific histological and electromyographic findings in neuromuscular disorders. AB - An attempt was made to find a correlation between specific electromyography (EMG) abnormalities with histological findings in muscle biopsies (MB) in 100 patients with neuromuscular disorders. Quantified EMG and MB with histochemistry was made in the same muscle, but on the opposite side, within a period of 3 weeks. The isolated findings of EMG and MB were analysed with a computer through a chi square test. A statistical relation (p less than 0.01) was found between the isolated findings of MB and EMG in only 6.99% (39 in 558 attempts) of the abnormalities expected to occur in myopathy and denervation. Also was found 2.51% (14 in 558 attempts) of inconsistences with the current literature. PMID- 3223832 TI - [Diabetes mellitus as a prognostic factor in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases]. AB - As part of a prospective study about 347 cases of ischemic cerebral vascular disease (DCVI) admitted to a general hospital 36 diabetic and 36 non-diabetic patients with similar sex, age and blood pressure were evaluated with the objective of assessing the effect of diabetes mellitus on prognosis in DCVI. All patients had various types of DCVI (thrombosis, thromboembolism or cardiac embolism). The diabetic patients had statistically longer admissions (p less than 0.05), more complications during admission (p less than 0.05), more infectious complications (p less than 0.01) and a greater number of deaths at the end of follow-up (p less than 0.05). After 377 +/- 429 (mean +/- standard deviation) days of follow-up, 50% of the diabetics had died while after 387 +/- 405 days 25% of the non-diabetics had died. Deaths in both groups occurred in average at the 8th month after the vascular event that led to the first admission. There were no differences with respect to the number of deaths during admission or to neurological conditions of the survivors at the end of the first admission or at the end of follow-up. PMID- 3223833 TI - [Multiple cerebral abscesses: apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The authors summarize the current concepts regarding pathogenesis and surgical management of multiple brain abscesses, and report their experience with two recent cases with computerized tomographic follow-up. PMID- 3223834 TI - [Multiloculated hydrocephalus: report of 2 cases]. AB - Multiloculated hydrocephalus is a clinicopathological entity consisting of enlarged, loculated ventricles and paraventricular poroencephalic cavities. We present two cases of multiloculated hydrocephalus: one due to infectious process of central nervous system and the other consequent to a congenital malformation. Tomographic aspects of this condition that permit the diagnosis are stressed. The pathophysiology, the management and the prognosis are discussed according to the available literature. PMID- 3223835 TI - Lissauer form of paretic neurosyphilis with a cerebral mass lesion. AB - A 40-year-old male patient with progressive dementia presented adversive seizures, and CT scan showed an enlarging focal mass lesion in the right cerebral hemisphere. Cerebrospinal fluid examination and brain biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. After a course of penicillin therapy there was disappearance of the cerebral mass lesion and the CT scan showed focal atrophy in the right cerebral hemisphere. This case suggests that Lissauer form of paretic neurosyphilis may present as a focal mass lesion. PMID- 3223836 TI - Current activities of the Australian Dental Standards Laboratory. PMID- 3223837 TI - Research in dentistry: growth and development. PMID- 3223838 TI - Continuing education: past, present and future. PMID- 3223839 TI - Endodontic instrumentation--quo vadis? PMID- 3223840 TI - Unerupted first permanent molar. Case report. PMID- 3223841 TI - Clinicopathological presentations of oral Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS. PMID- 3223842 TI - Apical closure and periapical healing in a non-vital permanent tooth. Case report. PMID- 3223843 TI - Declining attendances for general anaesthesia and tooth extractions in children following the fluoridation of Melbourne. PMID- 3223844 TI - Twenty years of antibiotic sensitivity testing of dental infections. Part 1. Antibiotic sensitivities, 1980 to 1986. PMID- 3223845 TI - Radiology--the forgotten discipline. PMID- 3223846 TI - Recommendations relating to the selection of autoclaves. PMID- 3223847 TI - X-ray exposure. PMID- 3223848 TI - Evaluation of a serological test system for the diagnosis of natural Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs using E. granulosus protoscolex and oncosphere antigens. AB - Serum antibody responses in feral or domesticated dogs naturally infected with Echinococcus granulosus or/and other common helminths were examined in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antigens prepared from E. granulosus protoscoleces or oncospheres. The ELISA using the protoscolex antigen was optimised with serums from experimental dogs monospecifically infected with E. granulosus or other helminth parasites, and helminth-free dogs. Anti-protoscolex antibody was detected in 16 of 22 (72.7%) serums from feral dogs with E. granulosus burdens ranging from 300 to 302,600 worms per dog. Seven serums from feral dogs which did not harbour E. granulosus at autopsy but which originated from an endemic hydatid region were tested using protoscolex antigen, and 1 serum gave a positive reaction. One hundred and two serums from dogs known never to have been infected with E. granulosus all gave negative reactions to protoscolex antigen. The sensitivity of the ELISA test proved to be superior to that which has been achieved by arecoline purging as a method of diagnosis for E. granulosus infection in dogs. For use of the assay in hydatid control or eradication campaigns, its sensitivity can be increased by choosing a lower absorbance discrimination value above which serums are regarded as having positive reactions. However, this does introduce positive reactions of some serums from dogs infected with helminths other than E. granulosus. In further development of the assay, use of defined recombinant antigens may improve both sensitivity and specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223849 TI - The relationship between certain blood cations in cows with milk fever and both the state of consciousness and the position of cows when attended. AB - In one study, a comparison was made of the concentrations and ratios of certain blood cations in 2 groups of cows with milk fever, one showing normal consciousness (n = 8) and the other depressed consciousness (n = 24). There were no significant differences in the mean concentrations of serum total calcium, plasma inorganic phosphorus and potassium, erythrocyte sodium and potassium, the serum calcium/serum magnesium ratio or the plasma sodium/erythrocyte sodium ratio. There were significant differences (all P less than 0.05) in the mean (+/- SD) concentrations of serum magnesium and plasma sodium concentrations, and the plasma sodium/serum magnesium ratio of 0.8 +/- 0.28 vs 1.2 +/- 0.37 mmol/l, 155 +/- 3.0 vs 147 +/- 6.4 mmol/l and 180 +/- 40.1 vs 116 +/- 34.1 for normal vs depressed cows, respectively. In a second study, a comparison was made of the concentrations and ratios of the same blood cations in 3 groups of cows in different positions when attended for milk fever, namely standing (n = 6), sternal recumbency (n = 24) and lateral recumbency (n = 31). There were no significant differences between the mean concentrations or ratios of any of the cations. PMID- 3223850 TI - Anthelmintic resistance in the field: changes in resistance status of parasitic populations in response to anthelmintic treatment. AB - Changes in anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites were monitored in sheep grazing on 2 separate farms, but with the same anthelmintic treatment program, over 16 years. High levels of benzimidazole resistance emerged in Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus spp populations on both farms following 9 years of continuous use of this class of drug. Subsequently, variations in the levels of resistance occurred for the same species between farms and between species on the same farm. A change to levamisole for 2 years resulted in a significant reversion towards benzimidazole susceptibility, but a concomitant rise in levamisole resistance, in Ostertagia on one farm. However, benzimidazole resistance increased rapidly following the re-introduction of oxfendazole into the anthelmintic treatment program. Results from both farms illustrate the pitfalls of using one anthelmintic class for an extended period and provide indirect support for the alternation of anthelmintic classes at approximately yearly intervals. PMID- 3223851 TI - The effects of different anesthetics on blood steroid concentrations in domestic tom-cats. AB - Testosterone and androstenedione were measured in the plasma of mature tom-cats before, during and after anesthesia with thiopentone, ketamine, xylazine and alphaxolone/alphadolone. Samples were collected via an indwelling jugular catheter at 30 min intervals before anesthesia (5 samples) and during the recovery phase (8 samples), and at intervals of 15 min during anesthesia (7 samples). Thiopentone and ketamine anesthesia significantly depressed testosterone and androstenedione concentrations during and after anesthesia. Xylazine significantly increased testosterone concentrations during anesthesia but they returned to pre-anesthetic concentrations during recovery. Androstenedione concentrations were significantly depressed during the recovery phase from xylazine anesthesia. Alphaxolone/alphadolone anesthesia had no significant effect of testosterone concentrations but significantly increased and androstenedione concentrations during anesthesia and recovery. Testosterone and androstenedione concentrations in cats were significantly altered by these 4 commonly used anesthetics and this must be taken into account if hormone concentrations are measured while cats are anesthetised. PMID- 3223852 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism in Scottish Deerhound puppies. AB - Two Scottish Deerhound puppies had clinical and pathological features consistent with the diagnosis of congenital non-goitrous hypothyroidism. They were from separate litters, but were the progeny of the same sire and dam. The puppies were smaller, had shorter limbs and shorter, broader heads than their littermates. They also had histories of weakness, difficulty in walking and somnolence. A characteristic radiographic feature was the absence of epiphyseal growth centres. Both had depressed serum thyroxine (T4) levels and one did not respond to exogenous thyroid stimulating hormone. On necropsy, the thyroid glands were small, the follicles varied in size and contained little or no colloid. The adenohypophysis contained many cells with markedly vacuolated cytoplasm. It is suggested that the clinicopathological pattern is the result of a primary thyroid abnormality. Possible mechanisms include either primary thyroid hypoplasia or an unresponsiveness to thyroid stimulating hormone. PMID- 3223853 TI - Successful long term treatment of a dog with psychomotor seizures using carbamazepine. AB - Psychomotor seizures (temporal lobe epilepsy) were diagnosed in a dog based on history, clinical findings and electroencephalography. Long-term seizure control was achieved with carbamazepine, despite serum drug concentrations which were low to unmeasurable. It is suggested that serum levels of carbamazepine are not a useful guide to clinical efficacy in the dog, that an unmeasured metabolite of carbamazepine may account for the anti-convulsant activity and that carbamazepine may be potentially useful in treating certain canine seizure disorders. PMID- 3223854 TI - Abnormal behaviour in dogs. PMID- 3223855 TI - Abnormal behaviour in cats. PMID- 3223856 TI - Rhabdomyolysis in housed, fine-woolled merino sheep, associated with low plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations. PMID- 3223857 TI - Experimental chlamydial mastitis in goats. PMID- 3223858 TI - Unilateral hydronephrosis in a dog. PMID- 3223859 TI - Sagittal fractures of the third carpal bone in Thoroughbred horses. PMID- 3223860 TI - Rings versus knife for docking and castration of lambs. PMID- 3223861 TI - Hypothyroidism and goitre. PMID- 3223862 TI - MR/Har and MNRA/Har Maudsley rat strains: differences in acoustic startle habituation. PMID- 3223863 TI - Substrain divergence in C3H inbred mice. PMID- 3223864 TI - Localization of different alcian blue-proteoglycan particles in the intervertebral disc. AB - A histochemical investigation was carried out on proteoglycans of bovine intervertebral disc. Samples obtained from the "annulus fibrosus" (A.F.) and "nucleus pulposus" (N.P.) were treated with Alcian blue (AB) diluted in solutions of MgCl2 at critical electrolyte concentrations (CEC); some samples were incubated in testicular hyaluronidase before AB treatment. At least four types of elongated AB-proteoglycan particles were recognized: a) in A.F. lamellae and N.P., 1 nm rod-like particles were arranged orthogonally to the collagen fibrils and spaced at a distance equivalent to the fibril D-period (Figs. 1-5); b) within the A.F. lamellae, other 16-20 nm particles formed a close network among the collagen fibrils (Figs. 1,2,3,5); c) in the A.F. interlamellar crevices, 30-50 nm leaf-like particles were present (Fig. 6); d) in the N.P.Z., 20-30 nm leaf-like particles formed a wide-mesh (Fig. 4). The alcianophylic particle sizes suggest they may correspond to proteoglycan monomers in the A.F. lamellae and mostly proteoglycan aggregates in A.F. interlamellar crevices and N.P.. Both alcianophylia degrees at MgCl2 CEC solutions and enzymatic susceptibility indicate the presence of chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate and that the large particles in the A.F. interlamellar crevices are the keratan sulphate richest proteoglycans. The features of the observed AB-proteoglycan particles are consistent with previous morphological data reported for other tissues as well as some biochemical data for the intervertebral disc and may be correlated to the composite mechanical properties of this tissue. PMID- 3223865 TI - Chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II in hormonally identified endocrine cells of the gut and the pancreas. AB - Chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II have been localized in a wide spectrum of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine/paracrine cells. Chromogranin A immunoreactivity showed the widest distribution and was displayed by glucagon-, PP-, gastrin-, gastrin-CCK-, secretin-immunoreactive cells, the most intense stainings being peculiar of enterochromaffin cells. Chromogranin B immunoreactivity was detected in gastrin- and glucagon cells and in some enterochromaffin cells containing also chromogranin A. Secretogranin II was paired to chromogranin A in glucagon cells of pancreatic islets or occurred alone in glycentin/PP cells of colonic mucosa. Neither of the chromogranins nor secretogranin II have been so far detected in somatostatin-, GIP-, or motilin immunoreactive cells. Chromogranin A but not chromogranin B or secretogranin II has been detected in the gastric argyrophilic ECL cells. PMID- 3223866 TI - Biotechnology and the human genome. Innovations and impact. PMID- 3223867 TI - DNA sequencing technology. PMID- 3223868 TI - The practicability of and necessity for developing a large-scale DNA-base sequencing system: toward the establishment of international super DNA-sequencing centers. PMID- 3223869 TI - Applications and implications of genome related biotechnology. PMID- 3223870 TI - The human genome project: a DOE perspective. PMID- 3223871 TI - The GenBank database and the flow of sequence data for the human genome. PMID- 3223872 TI - Synchrotron radiation: a probe for biomedical research. PMID- 3223873 TI - Roundtable forum. The human genome initiative: issues and impacts. PMID- 3223874 TI - Blood flow and blood volume determinations in aorta and in coronary circulation by density dilution. AB - Continuous blood mass-density measurements were performed in anesthetized dogs and injections of 0.7-1.4 ml/kg isotonic saline solution were applied. The resulting density dilution curves were used to compute blood volume, total flow in the aorta and local flow in the coronary circulation. Blood volume calculations were compared with blood volume determined by Evans blue injections and a close agreement was found. Blood flow determined by density dilution was independent from the investigated sites of injection or sampling. We conclude from these results that small volume injections of isotonic saline solution can be used to determine blood volume and flow by density dilution. In addition to these findings, a marked retention of the injected fluid was observed. Possible mechanisms to explain this retention include albumin deposition in the endothelial pores and/or variations of blood viscosity and capillary pressure. PMID- 3223875 TI - Lipoproteins as factors in vessel tone and reactivity modulation. AB - Lipoprotein fractions purified from fresh canine plasma--very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL)--produce relaxation of isolated ring segments of coronary arteries of canine (porcine and human) and rabbit aorta precontracted with high potassium, 30 mM, or phenylephrine, 10(-6) M, respectively. Lipoproteins do not possess high species specificity and produce relaxation of arteries of other species which differ quantitatively. There was no marked endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by animal lipoproteins although human LDL produced endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by animal lipoproteins although human LDL produced endothelium dependent relaxation of rabbit aortic rings. Canine LDL and HDL decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aortic rings produced by acetylcholine (10(-9)-10(-6) M), which was more pronounced when the LDL and HDL were present in the organ bath. In this case, LDL and HDL reduced the rate of development and amplitude of contraction produced by phenylephrine, 10(-6) M. We suggest that lipoprotein effects may result from blockade of some steps in electromechanical coupling or from inhibition of voltage- and receptor-operated Ca-channels of vessel smooth muscle cell membrane. PMID- 3223876 TI - Recruitment of inotropic reserve in "stunned" myocardium by the cardiotonic agent AR-L 57. AB - Contractile dysfunction of reversibly injured, reperfused myocardium can be enhanced by inotropic interventions. A decrease in the Ca-sensitivity of contractile proteins with slow recovery during reperfusion has been suggested as a potential mechanism underlying this postischemic dysfunction. We therefore tested the effects of the cardiotonic agent AR-L 57 (1 mg/kg i.v.) in six anesthetized, vagotomized dogs during constant atrial pacing at 192 +/- 6 beats/min. Before ischemia, AR-L 57 increased left ventricular pressure from 131 +/- 22 to 138 +/- 21 mm Hg and maximum dP/dt from 3,022 +/- 1,427 to 4,337 +/- 2,608 mm Hg/s. Mean systolic thickening velocity of the posterior myocardium was increased from 8.9 +/- 1.1 to 11.7 +/- 1.1 mm/s. After release of a 15 min LCX occlusion which caused complete regional akinesia, baseline function in the posterior myocardium was severely depressed and only gradually returned towards control values over 8 h of reperfusion. AR-L 57 increased systolic thickening velocity at 10 min, 4 and 8 h reperfusion to a similar extent as before ischemia. With reference to a purported Ca-sensitizing mechanism underlying the positive inotropic action of AR-L 57, our data suggest no change in the Ca-sensitivity of reperfused myocardium. PMID- 3223877 TI - The transmural progression of the no-reflow phenomenon in globally ischemic hearts. AB - A no-reflow phenomenon (NRP) develops in hearts subjected to global ischemia and prevents reperfusion of the subendocardial myocardium upon restoration of arterial supply. In the present study the transmural progression of the NRP across the left ventricular wall in globally ischemic rat hearts was quantitatively defined by using autoradiographic nuclear track emulsion (NTE) as an indicator of microvascular competence. Rat hearts were isolated and perfused for 10 min with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer, then were made completely globally ischemic for from 0 to 60 min and were maintained at 37 degrees C. They were then fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde after which NTE was injected into the coronary arteries. Transverse sections through the left ventricles were examined by scanning electron microscopy using back-scattered electron imaging and the vessels in a standard transmural contiguous series of photomicrographs were classified according to whether they did or did not permit the flow of NTE. Non-ischemic control myocardium showed a mean proportion of filled vessels of 99.4 +/- 0.5% SD, and those subjected to 15 min of ischemia showed only a slight overall reduction. After 30 min of ischemia 96 +/- 3% of vessels in the subepicardial third could be reperfused, but the proportion progressively diminished across the myocardium to total no-reflow near the endocardium. From 45 60 min of ischemia the totally non-reperfusible region remained confined to the subendocardial third but there was a significant reduction in the proportion of reperfusible vessels in the subepicardial third to 40% +/- 27%. Ischemia thus progressively reduces the capacity of myocardium to be reperfused.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223878 TI - Sex differences in the tolerance of immature rat myocardium to global ischemia. AB - Currently there is considerable interest in the metabolism of the immature myocardium and in particular the mechanisms underlying its greater tolerance to ischemia than that of the adult heart. In order to investigate whether this tolerance is sex-related, we compared the recovery of function in isolated hearts from male and female neonatal rats (three to five days old) following 60 min of normothermic global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion (n = 8 per group). The female hearts exhibited significantly better (p less than 0.05) recovery of rate (81 +/- 5% vs. 65 +/- 5%) and the rate-pressure product (73 +/- 9% vs. 37 +/- 8%), and a tendency towards better recovery of contractile function (left ventricular developed pressure, 89 +/- 9% vs. 59 +/- 12%; dP/dt, 84 +/- 12% vs. 54 +/- 13%). This evidence for greater resistance of female hearts to ischemic injury was supported by a delayed onset of contracture (mean time to onset, 29.4 +/- 2.7 min vs. 24.9 +/- 2.6 min). The loss in left ventricular compliance during ischemia and reperfusion was also smaller in the female hearts (increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure, 6.5 +/- 1.2 mm Hg vs. 13.6 +/- 3.8 mm Hg). These results suggest that there may be sex-related differences in the tolerance of immature hearts to ischemia, a factor which should be taken into account in the design and interpretation of experimental studies. PMID- 3223879 TI - The effect of coronary arterial pressure on myocardial distensibility. Absence of a "garden hose" effect during in-vivo conditions. AB - The effect of the coronary perfusion pressure on myocardial distensibility was studied in 11 open-chest dogs. The left anterior descending coronary artery was cannulated, and coronary perfusion pressure and blood flow were measured. Regional myocardial segment length was measured using sonomicrometers. The temporal relationship between the phasic coronary pressure fall and change in myocardial segment length was analyzed during the early phase of coronary occlusion. Diastolic myocardial segment length was completely unaffected by the substantial fall in coronary pressure over a period of 9.3 +/- 0.8 s (20 +/- 2 heart beats). During this period, coronary pressure fell from 98 +/- 7 to 28 +/- 2 mm Hg. Subsequently, diastolic segment length increased, presumably due to ischemia rather than to a delayed compliance change. In order to differentiate between a possible long-time constant for coupling of the intravascular pressure to myocardial compliance versus a primary ischemic effect, regional cardiac contraction was abolished by an intracoronary potassium chloride infusion in three dogs. Coronary occlusion during regional cardioplegia produced no further segment length changes for a 1-min period, effectively excluding viscoelastic coupling time constants of up to 1 min. From these results we conclude that the coronary distending pressure does not contribute to passive myocardial properties over the physiological perfusion pressure range, and that the "garden hose" effect is not operative for the in vivo working heart. PMID- 3223880 TI - Enhanced myocardial contractility but not tachycardia persists in isolated working hyperthyroid rat hearts. AB - It is generally believed that the increased contractility and tachycardia of the hyperthyroid heart are a result of thyroid hormone-induced alterations of the mechanical and electrical properties of the heart, respectively. We compared the contractility (dP/dtmax) and the spontaneous beating rate of hyperthyroid and euthyroid hearts perfused in vitro in either a non-working or a working mode. The dP/dtmax (4196 +/- 74 mm Hg s-1) and beating rate (322 +/- 8 beats/min) of the non-working hyperthyroid hearts were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than those of the euthyroid hearts (3267 +/- 115 mm Hg s-1 and 260 +/- 6 beats/min at an external Ca2+ of 2.5 mM). At 2.5 mM Ca2+, the working hyperthyroid hearts again displayed enhanced contractility (5636 +/- 179 mm Hg s 1 vs 4508 +/- 172 mm Hg s-1; p less than 0.001) but the spontaneous beating rate (275 +/- 7 beats/min) was not significantly different from euthyroid (261 +/- 8 beats/min). When hearts were subjected to periods of alternate non-working and working perfusion, the beating rate of the hyperthyroid hearts was significantly higher than euthyroid during non-working (p less than 0.02) but not during working perfusion. Increasing the afterload on the non-working preparations in a stepwise fashion from 75 cm H2O to 120 cm H2O caused significant changes in left ventricular pressure and dP/dtmax in both heart types but the tachycardia in the hyperthyroid hearts persisted (at 120 cm H2O; hyperthyroid, 294 +/- 9 beats/min; euthyroid, 224 +/- 10 beats/min; p less than 0.001). Alteration of the preload (10 to 25 cm H2O) and afterload (75 to 105 cm H2O) on working hyperthyroid and euthyroid hearts caused changes in both left ventricular pressure and dP/dtmax but the beating rates of both heart types were never significantly different. We conclude from our results that (i) the increased contractility of the hyperthyroid rat heart is due to thyroid hormone-induced alteration of the mechanical properties of the heart; (ii) the tachycardia of hyperthyroidism is not due to thyroid hormone-induced changes in the electrical properties of the heart, but probably involves some as yet unidentified chronotropic agent. PMID- 3223881 TI - SEM observations on the effect of anthracycline drugs on cultured newborn rat cardiomyocytes. AB - The effect of two anthracyclines-doxorubicin hydrochloride (adriamycin) and 4' epidoxorubicin (epirubicin) and an anthracenedione (novantrone) on the contractibility and surface ultrastructure of newborn rat cardiomyocytes cultured for five days was examined. While the beating rate of the cells was affected only by the anthracyclines, an alteration of the sarcolemma, disruption of the slender processes and swelling of the nuclei and/or the cells was observed following incubation with each of the three drugs for two hours. However, the damage induced by adriamycin was more pronounced than that induced by the other two drugs, when doses extrapolated from those accepted as therapeutic were compared. PMID- 3223882 TI - The effect of heart rate on the termination of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation in the isolated perfused rat heart. AB - Ventricular fibrillation (VF) which is normally sustained in large animals and humans, is transient in small animals. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible effect of changing cardiac rate on spontaneous ventricular defibrillation. In isolated perfused rat heart, VF was electrically induced during normal spontaneous rhythm of the heart at normal rate and at various ventricular pacing rates. It was found that: 1) Electrically induced VF in isolated perfused, non-ischemic rat heart spontaneously terminated in 88% of the hearts; 2) Ventricular pacing rhythm of spontaneous rate plus 10% caused VF to be sustained in 26% of the hearts (which defibrillated spontaneously during normal rates); 3) Ventricular pacing at 200% of the basic rate led to sustained VF in about half the VF episodes (14 out of 33, p less than 0.005). In the remainder, which defibrillated spontaneously, a sustained VF could be achieved by further increase in ventricular pacing rate; 4) Slow pacing rate, as a result of the surgical production of atrioventricular (A-V) block, enhanced the probability of spontaneous defibrillation (21 of 21 episodes after slow pacing vs 24 of 34 episodes following pacing at previous normal sinus rhythm, p less than 0.05). Selective modulation of conduction velocity, refractory period or both, achieved by changes in ventricular pacing rate was assumed to play an important role in determining whether electrically-induced VF would be transient or sustained. PMID- 3223883 TI - Combat level and social support in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans. PMID- 3223884 TI - Blood glucose discrimination in insulin-dependent diabetics. Training in feedback and external cues. PMID- 3223885 TI - Job-related social skills training ith female prisoners. PMID- 3223886 TI - Use of a concurrent treatment design to analyze the effects of a peer review system in a residential setting. PMID- 3223887 TI - Assessment and modification of home cleanliness among families adjudicated for child neglect. PMID- 3223888 TI - Analysis of the relative efficacy of self-monitoring and feedback in the development of emotion adjectives with hearing-impaired persons. PMID- 3223889 TI - Training parents to become better behavior managers. The need for a competency based approach. PMID- 3223890 TI - Some effects of combining reinforcers in operant training with mentally handicapped persons. PMID- 3223891 TI - A functionally based approach to the treatment of self-injurious behavior. PMID- 3223893 TI - [34th meeting of the East German Society of Orthopedics with international participation. 18-21 April 1988, Gera. Abstracts]. PMID- 3223892 TI - Nocturnal bruxism treated by massed negative practice. A case study. PMID- 3223894 TI - Effect of varying concentrate feeding levels on some traits in lactating goats. AB - 9 lactating goats were divided into 3 groups based on their milk yield and were fed concentrate over 6 weeks at levels of 0, 0.7, and 1.4 kg/d. Increased concentrate feeding caused a significant increase of the blood glucose content and a significant decrease of the milk fat content. Milk yield, liveweight, and protein content of the milk as well as the blood ketones were not influenced significantly by concentrate feeding. The 1.4 kg/d variety did not yield any considerable increase of the milk performance and decreased the milk fat content. From the point of view of feed economy, practical feeding of milking goats with 0.7 kg/d concentrate is therefore recommended. PMID- 3223895 TI - Aspects of linear growth of muscles in the indigenous Nigerian pig. AB - The development of the length of 2 spinal column, 7 hind limb, and 4 fore limb muscles of one body half were investigated in 64 female, male, and castrated male indigenous Nigerian pigs each from birth to 627 days of age. While the muscle lengths increased significantly (P less than 0.001) with age, non-significant sex influences (P greater than 0.05) were obtained except for M. gastrocnemius and M. infraspinatus. The rate of longitudinal growth in muscles was greatest between the birth and 112 days of age. The ratio of linear equivalence (cubic root) of the muscle weights to muscle lengths indicated the proportionate increase in transverse growth relative to longitudinal growth. Generally, these ratios were higher in the earlier than in the later phase of growth and stabilized between 112 and 448 days post natal. Linear modelling of the growth gave highest values for male and lowest values for castrated animals. Muscle length growth was more closely related to body weight than to chronological age. Estimates of the longissimus dorsi muscle diameter were highly related to the body weight (R2 = 0.96), with intact male pigs exhibiting the highest growth potential in this parameter. PMID- 3223896 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of the low-molecular-mass zinc/cadmium binding protein from the testes of the patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas). Distinction from metallothionein. AB - The mammalian testes are generally quite susceptible to cadmium. A deficiency of metallothionein (MT), a metal-binding protein linked to Cd tolerance, has been observed in rat testes and may explain the sensitivity in rats. Little is known about the metal-binding proteins in primate testes. Thus this study examined the nature of these proteins in a non-human primate species, the patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas). In all cases proteins isolated from testes were compared with authentic MT isolated from the liver of a zinc-treated monkey. A low molecular-mass Zn/Cd-binding protein was seen in testicular and hepatic cytosol after gel filtration. Neither protein had substantial amounts of associated copper. These proteins could be partially purified from both sources by heat treatment and acetone precipitation. When such extracts were further separated by reverse-phase h.p.l.c., four hepatic forms were isolated, all of which proved to be authentic MT by amino acid analysis. However, only two testicular forms were separated by h.p.l.c., both of which had amino acid compositions quite unlike that of MT, having a much lower cysteine content and amino acids which are absent from MT (leucine and phenylalanine). The testicular protein appeared to be uninducible by Zn treatment. These results suggest that the low-molecular-mass Cd/Zn-binding proteins in the patas testes are not MTs and further support the hypothesis that a MT deficiency may be an important determinate of the marked testicular sensitivity to Cd toxicity. PMID- 3223897 TI - Uptake and degradation of hyaluronan in lymphatic tissue. AB - Afferent lymph vessels entering popliteal lymph nodes of sheep were infused with [3H]acetyl-labelled hyaluronan of high Mr (4.3 x 10(6)-5.5 x 10(6)) and low Mr (1.5 x 10(5)). Analysis of efferent lymph and of residues in the nodes showed that hyaluronan presented by this route is taken up and degraded by lymphatic tissue. Labelled residues isolated in node extracts by gel chromatography and h.p.l.c. included N-acetylglucosamine, acetate, water and a fraction provisionally identified as N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate. Between 48 and 75% of the infused material was unrecovered, and had been presumably eliminated through the bloodstream as diffusible residues. Rates of degradation reached as high as 43 micrograms/h in a node of 2 g wt. infused with 56 micrograms/h. Some HA passed into efferent lymph and some was detected in the nodes, but fractions of Mr greater than 1 x 10(6) were not found in either. It is concluded that the amounts and Mr values of hyaluronan released from the tissues into peripheral lymph can be significantly underestimated by analysis of efferent lymph, i.e. lymph that has passed through lymph nodes. A substantial role in the normal metabolic turnover of at least one major constituent of intercellular matrix and connective tissue may now be added to the established functions of the lymphatic system. PMID- 3223898 TI - Effect of serum proteins on haem uptake and metabolism in primary cultures of liver cells. AB - A role of haemopexin in transporting haem to hepatocytes for degradation has been inferred from the high affinity of haemopexin for haem. We have examined this question in primary cultures of chick-embryo and adult rat liver cells. We present here the results of four sets of experiments which indicate that haemopexin retarded haem uptake by hepatocytes in culture. (1) Haem bound to bovine serum albumin is known to repress the activity of delta-aminolaevulinate synthase in chick cultures as indicated by decreased porphyrin accumulation. When haem-albumin was added in the presence of excess purified or freshly secreted chicken haemopexin, no haem-mediated repression of porphyrin production was observed. The haem-mediated repression of porphyrin accumulation was partially prevented when human, but not chicken, albumin was added to cultures. This finding reflected the higher affinity of human albumin for haem compared with that of chicken albumin. (2) Haemopexin inhibited the ability of haem to be incorporated into cytochrome P-450 induced in the chick cultures in the presence of the iron chelator desferrioxamine. (3) The rate of association of [55Fe]haem with cultured rat hepatocytes when [55Fe]haem-haemopexin was added was one-eighth of the rate observed when [55Fe]haem-bovine serum albumin was used as the haem donor. (4) The presence of haemopexin also diminished the catabolism of haem by both rat and chick-embryo liver cell cultures. It is concluded that the uptake and subsequent metabolic effects of haem are inhibited in cultured hepatocytes by proteins such as haemopexin which have a high affinity for haem. PMID- 3223899 TI - Stimulation of respiration by mitogens in rat thymocytes is independent of mitochondrial calcium. AB - The role of calcium in the control of respiration by the mitogen concanavalin A (ConA) was investigated in rat thymocytes. ConA induced an increase in both mitochondrial respiration and the mitochondrial calcium pool. The stimulation of respiration was shown to be independent of the increase in mitochondrial calcium: the calcium pool declined after 3 min, whereas the respiration increase was persistent, and was not affected by depletion of the calcium pool or by buffering intracellular Ca2+ transients with quin2. The mitogen phytohaemagglutinin stimulated respiration to the same extent as ConA, but did not increase the mitochondrial calcium pool. In addition, respiration was unaffected by changes in the mitochondrial calcium pool induced by increasing or decreasing extracellular calcium. These results indicate that control of respiration is not located in the Ca2+-sensitive mitochondrial dehydrogenases. The ConA-induced increase in respiration could be blocked by oligomycin, suggesting control by cytoplasmic ATP turnover, and was not associated with detectable changes in NAD(P)H fluorescence, indicating a balance between increased electron transfer and increased supply of reduced substrates. PMID- 3223900 TI - Glucagon regulation of gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes. Heterogeneity of hormone action and of the mitochondrial redox state. AB - Hepatocytes isolated from the periportal or perivenous zones of livers of fed rats were used to study the long-term (14 h) and short-term (2 h) effects of glucagon on gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. Long-term culture with glucagon (100 nM) resulted in a greater increase (P less than 0.01) in gluconeogenesis in periportal than in perivenous cells (93 +/- 16 versus 30 +/- 14 nmol/h per mg of protein; 72% versus 30% increase), but short-term incubation (2 h) with glucagon resulted in similar stimulation in the two cell populations. Rates of ketogenesis (acetoacetate and D-3-hydroxybutyrate production) were not significantly higher in periportal cells cultured without glucagon, compared with perivenous cells. However, after long-term culture with glucagon, the periportal cells had a significantly higher rate of ketogenesis (from either palmitate or octanoate as substrate), but a lower 3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate production ratio, suggesting a more oxidized mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ redox state despite the higher rate of beta-oxidation. Periportal hepatocytes had a higher activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase but a lower activity of citrate synthase than did perivenous cells. These findings suggest that: (i) glucagon elicits greater long-term stimulation of gluconeogenesis in periportal than in perivenous hepatocytes maintained in culture; (ii) after culture with glucagon, the rates of ketogenesis and the mitochondrial redox state differ in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes. PMID- 3223901 TI - Differentiation-inducing factor from the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum and its analogues. Synthesis, structure and biological activity. AB - Previous work has led to the identification of a novel class of effector molecules [DIFs (differentiation-inducing factors) 1-3] released from the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. These substances induce stalk-cell differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum and are thought to act as morphogens in the generation of the prestalk/prespore pattern during development. The DIFs are phenylalkan-1-ones, with chloro, hydroxy and methoxy substitution on the benzene ring. DIFs 1-3 and a number of their analogues have been synthesized by using a simple two-step procedure, and each analogue has been characterized by m.s., u.v. and n.m.r. spectroscopy. The crystal structure of synthetic DIF-1 [1 (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, was investigated. The specific biological activity of each analogue was determined in a bioassay, where isolated Dictyostelium amoebae are induced to differentiate into stalk cells. The major biologically active substance, DIF-1, caused 50% stalk-cell differentiation at 1.8 x 10(-10) M; the C4 alkyl homologue (DIF-2) and C6 homologue possessed 40 and 16% of the activity of DIF-1 respectively. Further increase or decrease in the alkyl chain length resulted in a marked decrease in specific activity. The pattern of substitution on the benzene ring is a major determinant of bioactivity, since the specific activities of the 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy and trihydroxy analogues were less than 1% of that of DIF-1. Substitution of bromine in DIF-1 had little effect on bioactivity; in contrast the activity of monochloro DIF-1 (DIF-3) was diminished. There was no evidence for antagonism or synergy between DIF-1 and any of its analogues. This series of analogues will facilitate further studies in the biological effects and mode of action of DIF-1. PMID- 3223902 TI - Role of human serum biotinidase as biotin-binding protein. AB - Biotinidase shows two binding sites for biotin, with Kd = 59 and 3 nM respectively, and requires tryptophan and cysteine residues of the biotinidase protein for biotin-binding activity. Analysis of human serum by various column chromatographic techniques indicates that biotinidase is the only protein which exchanges with labelled (+)-biotin. It was shown previously that epileptic patients receiving a high average dose of anticonvulsants (containing a carbamide group) have lower biotin concentrations than those receiving a low dose. We have shown in human serum and with purified biotinidase that these anticonvulsant drugs compete with biotin for binding to the protein moiety. PMID- 3223903 TI - 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. studies of the antitumour antibiotic luzopeptin. Resonance assignments, conformation and flexibility in solution. AB - The depsipeptide DNA-intercalating antibiotic luzopeptin was studied in solution by n.m.r. methods. Two-dimensional 1H double-quantum-filtered correlation spectroscopy (DQF-COSY) and nuclear-Overhauser-effect spectroscopy (NOESY) confirm the primary structure and twofold symmetry of luzopeptin and provide details of its three-dimensional conformation in solution. Trans-annular hydrogen bonds between the glycine NH groups and carbonyl oxygen atoms have been identified in the crystalline state [Arnold & Clardy (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 1243-1244], and are important in maintaining an antiparallel beta-sheet conformation. The n.m.r. data indicate that the glycine NH protons are appreciably shielded from the solvent molecules, which suggests that these hydrogen bonds are maintained in solution. The orientation of the quinoline chromophores is defined by two-dimensional NOE cross-peaks that position the N methyl group of the L-beta-hydroxyvaline residue close in space to both the quinoline H-8 and serine NH proton. This pattern of NOEs is in accord both with the chromophore configuration found in the crystal and one where the quinoline rings are aligned in a parallel manner at right-angles to the depsipeptide ring. The n.m.r. data are consistent with a hydrogen bond between the quinoline hydroxy groups and the quinoline carbonyl oxygen atoms. The pyridazine acetylmethyl groups give NOEs to the C(alpha)H groups of the beta-hydroxy-N-methylvaline residues, showing that the acetyl groups, for at least some of the time, stretch over the depsipeptide ring, occluding one face of the molecule. Both of the latter features are also found in the crystal structure. Resonances in the 13C n.m.r. spectrum of luzopeptin have been assigned by transferring 1H assignments to their covalently bonded carbon atoms via a heteronuclear shift-correlation experiment (HETCOR). The measurement of spin-lattice relaxation times and 1H-13C NOEs at specific sites in the molecule has led us to conclude that segmental motions within the depsipeptide ring are restricted and that the 13C relaxation data for luzopeptin's protonated carbon atoms are adequately described by isotropic tumbling in solution. Furthermore, relaxation data for the carbon atoms of the quinoline chromophores show that these rings exhibit similar motion to the depsipeptide ring and are not rotating rapidly with respect to it. Taken together all the data imply that luzopeptin is fairly rigid in solution, on the time scale of molecular tumbling, and has, or can readily attain, a staple-like structure suitable for bisintercalation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3223904 TI - Studies on the biotin-binding site of streptavidin. Tryptophan residues involved in the active site. AB - Streptavidin, the non-glycosylated bacterial analogue of the egg-white glycoprotein avidin, was modified with the tryptophan-specific reagent 2-hydroxy 5-nitrobenzyl (Hnb) bromide. As with avidin, complete loss of biotin-binding activity was achieved upon modification of an average of one tryptophan residue per streptavidin subunit. Tryptic peptides obtained from an Hnb-modified streptavidin preparation were fractionated by reversed-phase h.p.l.c., and three major Hnb-containing peptide fractions were isolated. Amino acid and N-terminal sequence analysis revealed that tryptophan residues 92, 108 and 120 are modified and probably comprise part of the biotin-binding site of the streptavidin molecule. Unlike avidin, the modification of lysine residues in streptavidin failed to result in complete loss of biotin-binding activity. The data imply subtle differences in the fine structure of the respective biotin-binding sites of the two proteins. PMID- 3223905 TI - Binding of human extracellular superoxide dismutase C to sulphated glycosaminoglycans. AB - The secretory enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) occurs in at least three forms, which differ with regard to heparin affinity: A lacks affinity, B has intermediate affinity, and C has relatively strong affinity. The affinity of EC-SOD C for various sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was assessed (a) by determining the concentration of NaCl required to release the enzyme from GAG-substituted Sepharose 4B and (b) by determining the relative potencies of the GAGs to release EC-SOD C from heparan sulphate-Sepharose 4B. Both methods indicated the same order of affinity. Heparin bound EC-SOD C about 10 times as avidly as the studied heparan sulphate preparation, which in turn was 10 and 150 times as efficient as dermatan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate respectively. Chondroitin sulphate showed weak interaction with EC-SOD C at physiological ionic strength. Heparin subfractions with high or low affinity for antithrombin III were equally efficient. The binding of EC-SOD C to heparin-Sepharose was essentially independent of pH in the range 6.5-9; below pH 6.5 the affinity increased, and beyond pH 9.5 there was a precipitous fall in affinity. The inhibitory effect of NaCl on the binding of EC-SOD C to GAGs indicates that the interaction is of electrostatic nature. EC-SOD C carries a negative net charge at neutral pH, and it is suggested that the binding occurs between the negative charges of the GAG sulphate groups and a structure in the C-terminal end of the enzyme that has a cluster of positive charges. These results are compatible with the notion that heparan sulphate proteoglycans on cell surfaces or in the intercellular matrix may serve to bind EC-SOD C in tissues. PMID- 3223906 TI - Haemoprotein terminal oxidases in the nematodes Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Ascaridia galli. AB - 1. Mitochondria isolated from the gut-dwelling nematodes Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Ascaridia galli (muscle and gut + reproductive tissue) were examined for cytochromes, and it was observed that N. brasiliensis and A. galli muscle tissue mitochondria contained a-, b- and c-type cytochromes, but their stoichiometries were quite different (1:2:1.9 and 1:11.4:13.6 respectively); A. galli gut + reproductive-tissue mitochondria, however, only contained b and c cytochromes, in a ratio of 1:0.8. 2. CO difference spectra showed the presence of CO-reacting b-type cytochrome(s) in all three types of mitochondria; the fast reacting species comprised 30, 44 and 39% of the total in N. brasiliensis, A. galli muscle and A. galli gut + reproductive-tissue mitochondria respectively. 3. Cytochrome aa3 was observed in N. brasiliensis mitochondria and in those from A. galli muscle, but was below the level of detectability (less than 0.005 nmol/mg of protein) for A. galli gut + reproductive-tissue mitochondria. 4. Photochemical action spectra for the reversal of CO inhibition of the endogenous respiration of whole worms (at 24 microM- and 40 microM-O2 respectively for N. brasiliensis and A. galli) gave maxima at 598 and 542-543 nm, corresponding to the alpha- and beta absorption maxima of cytochrome aa3, and at 567 nm (b-type cytochrome) for both worms. These results suggest that cytochrome aa3 is the major functional oxidase in N. brasiliensis, whereas the CO-reacting b-type cytochrome dominates in A. galli. PMID- 3223907 TI - The resistance of transferrin, lactoferrin and caeruloplasmin to oxidative damage. PMID- 3223908 TI - The small dermatan sulphate proteoglycans synthesized by fibroblasts derived from skin, synovium and gingiva show tissue-related heterogeneity. AB - Dermatan sulphate proteoglycans (DSPGs) synthesized in the presence of 35SO4 were characterized in culture media of fibroblast lines obtained from skin, synovium, and gingiva. The molecular mass of DSPG varied from 95-130 kDa as estimated by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Gingival fibroblasts constantly produced larger DSPGs than skin fibroblasts. This was due to the larger dermatan sulphate (DS) chains, which also showed tissue-related heterogeneity in the distribution of 4- and 6-sulphated disaccharide units. The N-glycosylated cores (44 and 47 kDa) obtained following chondroitinase ABC treatment were of identical size in all tissues. The cores from the different tissues were also of the same size (38 kDa) when addition of the N-linked oligosaccharides was inhibited by tunicamycin or when they were removed by N-glycanase treatment. No evidence for low-molecular mass sulphated oligosaccharides was found. All tissues contained two mRNA species (1.6 and 1.9 kb) for the DSPG core protein. These data suggest that the pattern of transferase activities involved in the construction of DS chains differs from one tissue to another. This variation may modulate the functions of DSPG in the extracellular matrix. PMID- 3223909 TI - The effect of nucleotide upon a specific isomerization of actomyosin subfragment 1. AB - The binding of actin to myosin subfragment 1 (S1) has been shown to occur as a two-step reaction [Coates, Criddle & Geeves (1985) Biochem. J. 232, 351-356]. In the first step actin is weakly bound and the second step involves the complex isomerizing to a more tightly bound state. This isomerization can be followed specifically by monitoring the fluorescence of actin that has been covalently labelled with N-(pyren-1-yl)-iodoacetamide at Cys-374 [Geeves, Jeffries & Millar (1986) Biochemistry 25, 8454-8458]. We report here that the presence of nucleotides and nucleotide analogues affects the equilibrium between the strongly bound and weakly bound states (referred to as K2). In the presence of ATP, [gamma thio]ATP or ADP and vanadate a value of approx. less than 10(-2) was estimated for K2. In the presence of PPi or ADP a value of approx. 2.3 or 10 respectively was obtained. An increase in KCl concentration or the presence of 40% ethylene glycol was found to decrease K2 in the presence of ADP. The data presented here are consistent with the two-step binding model proposed by Geeves, Goody & Gutfreund [(1984) J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 5, 351-361], where it was suggested that the transition between weakly bound and strongly bound states is closely associated with the force-generating event in whole muscle. PMID- 3223910 TI - Identification of a protein from rat liver cytosol that enhances activation of the glucocorticoid receptor. AB - We have identified a factor from rat liver cytosol that enhances the DNA cellulose-binding ability of the glucocorticoid receptor and lowers the sedimentation value from 9-10 S to 4-5 S. Cytosol is prepared in the presence of molybdate, and unactivated receptor is isolated by chromatography on DEAE cellulose in the presence of molybdate. This receptor sediments at 9-10 S and has little affinity for DNA. If the molybdate is removed and the receptor is incubated at 25 degrees C with the low-salt wash of the DEAE-cellulose column, DNA binding is enhanced by 50-600% relative to controls incubated with buffer only. In addition, the factor present in the low-salt wash converts the 9-10 S receptor into a mixture of 5 S and 4 S forms. The factor must be present during the incubation in order to exert its maximal effect. Factor added after the incubation has only marginal effects on the DNA-binding ability of the receptor, indicating that the factor does not increase the DNA-binding ability of activated receptor. Moreover, the factor is significantly less effective on receptor that has been activated before incubation with the factor. These results suggest that the factor acts as an activation enhancer. Preliminary characterization indicates that the activation enhancer is a trypsin-sensitive protein of approx. 70,000 Da, whose activation-enhancing properties are inhibited by ATP. RNAase A, which has effects similar to those described above on the 7-8 S receptor, does not mimic the effects of the activation enhancer on the 9-10 S receptor. PMID- 3223911 TI - Specific accumulation of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in microsomal membranes during the process of cytochrome P-450(C-17)-catalysed androgen biosynthesis. A dynamic study of intermediate formation and turnover. AB - A complete dynamic analysis of cytochrome P-450(C-17)-catalysed androgen biosynthesis from a single dose of progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in a double-label double-substrate experiment was performed in order to elucidate the controversial intermediacy of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Label distribution within the steroid fractions as well as in the membrane and buffer compartments yields direct evidence that the endogenously formed 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone (which is in an 'intermediate state') accumulates to a higher degree in microsomal membranes than does the exogenously added 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone (which is in a 'substrate state') under certain conditions. It is also demonstrated that endogenously formed 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone may partly leave the membrane compartment (in terms of a 'leakage' or 'overflow' phenomenon) and is then able to equilibrate with the pool of exogenously added 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Since only the label distribution in the membrane associated (but not always in the aqueous) 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone pool corresponds to the label distribution in the androgen fraction, it is concluded that only the membrane-associated 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone pool is directly accessible to cytochrome P-450(C-17)-catalysed conversion into androgens. PMID- 3223912 TI - Purification and characterization of the core-specific lectin from human serum and liver. AB - A lectin that displays specificity for the core region of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides (Man3GlcNAc2-Asn) was isolated from human serum and liver by affinity chromatography on mannan-Sepharose. The designation 'core-specific lectin' (CSL) is used to indicate its specificity. Selective elution of human CSL from mannan-Sepharose was accomplished with 50 mM-mannose. Two additional proteins that displayed Ca2+-dependent binding to mannan-Sepharose were eluted by mannose 6-phosphate or beta-glycerophosphate but not by mannose. The latter proteins were identified as C-reactive protein and serum amyloid protein. Human CSL isolated from liver was indistinguishable from serum CSL in its physicochemical properties, immunological properties and specificity. The N terminal sequence of human CSL is homologous to that reported for 'mannan-binding protein C' (MBP-C) [Drickamer, Dordal & Reynolds (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6878 6887]. The amino acid composition of human CSL is similar to that of rat MBP-C, including the presence of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine residues. Collagen like sequences with hydroxylated proline and lysine residues appear to be present in human CSL as well as in rat CSL. The collagen-like regions of human and rat CSL may play a role in assembly of CSL subunits into complexes consisting of nine subunits that display Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate-binding activity. PMID- 3223913 TI - A spectrophotometric assay for 6-phosphogluconolactonase involving the use of immobilized enzymes to prepare the labile 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone substrate. AB - We report the development of a new spectrophotometric assay for 6 phosphogluconolactonase. The labile substrate 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone is prepared from glucose 6-phosphate by enzymes co-immobilized on Sepharose beads. The assay has the advantages of high sensitivity for routine determination of enzyme activity and allows determination of both Km and Vmax. from a single assay. A method for estimating the contribution of spontaneous hydrolysis to total hydrolysis is described. This assay overcomes the problems encountered with all previous assays. PMID- 3223914 TI - Degradation of native and modified forms of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase microinjected into HeLa cells. AB - The uptake and degradation of radiolabelled rabbit muscle fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) was studied in HeLa cells microinjected by the erythrocyte ghost fusion system. Labelled aldolase was progressively modified by treatment with GSSG or N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) before microinjection to determine whether these agents, which inactivate and destabilize the enzyme in vitro, affect the half-life of the enzyme in vivo. Increasing exposure of aldolase to GSSG or NEM before microinjection increased the extent of aldolase transfer into the HeLa cells and decreased the proportion of the protein that could be extracted from the cells after water lysis. Some degradation of the GSSG- and NEM-inactivated aldolases was observed in the ghosts before microinjection; thus a family of radiolabelled proteins was microinjected in these experiments. In spite of the above differences, the 40 kDa subunit of each aldolase form was degraded with a half-life of 30 h in the HeLa cells. In contrast, the progressively modified forms of aldolase were increasingly susceptible to proteolytic action in vitro by chymotrypsin or by cathepsin B and in ghosts. These studies indicate that the rate of aldolase degradation in cells is not determined by attack by cellular proteinases that recognize vulnerable protein substrates; the results are most easily explained by a random autophagic process involving the lysosomal system. PMID- 3223916 TI - Inhibition of pancreatic lipase in vitro by the covalent inhibitor tetrahydrolipstatin. AB - Tetrahydrolipstatin inhibits pancreatic lipase from several species, including man, with comparable potency. The lipase is progressively inactivated through the formation of a long-lived covalent intermediate, probably with a 1:1 stoichiometry. The lipase substrate triolein and also a boronic acid derivative, which is presumed to be a transition-state-form inhibitor, retard the rate of inactivation. Therefore, in all probability, tetrahydrolipstatin reacts with pancreatic lipase at, or near, the substrate binding or active site. Tetrahydrolipstatin is a selective inhibitor of lipase; other hydrolases tested were at least a thousand times less potently inhibited. PMID- 3223915 TI - A model for regulation of mammalian ribosomal DNA transcription. Co-ordination of initiation and termination. AB - Based on recent experimental data about transcription initiation and termination, a model for regulation of mammalian ribosomal DNA transcription is developed using a simple kinetic scheme. In this model, the existence of the transition pathway from the terminator to the promoter increases the rate of ribosomal RNA precursor synthesis. In addition to this 'non-transcribed spacer' traverse of RNA polymerase I, the co-ordination of initiation and termination allows a rapid on/off switch transition from the minimum to the maximum rate of ribosomal RNA precursor synthesis. Furthermore, taking account of the participation of two factors in the termination event, we propose a plausible molecular mechanism for the co-ordination of initiation and termination. This co-ordination is emphasized by repetition of the terminator unit. PMID- 3223917 TI - Inositol phosphate production and Ca2+ mobilization in human umbilical-vein endothelial cells stimulated by thrombin and histamine. AB - Human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured, and their inositol phosphate formation and Ca2+ mobilization in response to thrombin and histamine were studied. Evidence from measurement of intracellular Ca2+ in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ established that the two agonists were both acting on a single cell population, and suggested that a Ca2+-influx component was stimulated which was dependent on receptor-occupancy. After 30 s of stimulation in the presence of 10 mM-LiCl, the effects of 20 microM-histamine and 1 unit of thrombin/ml on formation of inositol phosphates were additive, but at 5 min they were not. HUVECs labelled with myo-[3H]inositol for 72 h synthesized radiolabelled inositol pentakis- and hexakis-phosphate. The predominant isomers of inositol mono-, bis- and tris-phosphates whose formation was stimulated were the 4-phosphate, the 1,4 bisphosphate and the 1,3,4-trisphosphate. PMID- 3223918 TI - Conserved region of the rat alpha-lactalbumin promoter is a target site for protein binding in vitro. AB - Nuclear extracts from mammary glands of lactating rats contain DNA binding protein(s) with high affinity to the region -125 to -85 of the rat alpha lactalbumin promoter. The protected sequence is part of a mammary conserved sequence described by Hall et al. [(1987) Biochem. J. 242, 735-742]. Comparison of the DNA protein-binding sites in the 5' flanking sequence of the rat alpha lactalbumin and mouse whey acidic protein genes suggests that the consensus sequence 5'-TGGCARNNWCKKC-3' is the protein(s) recognition site. This binding site is part of a highly conserved region [consensus sequence, TGGCAGSCTCGGCST(G)YTCTCTCT(NTG)TGGCARA] present in the promoter of four whey protein genes. PMID- 3223919 TI - Identification of a novel oligosaccharide backbone structure with a galactose residue monosubstituted at C-6 in human foetal gastrointestinal mucins. AB - An oligosaccharide purified from a major penta- to hexa-saccharide fraction of human meconium glycoproteins has been shown by m.s. and n.m.r. analysis to have a novel backbone structure containing an internal galactose residue monosubstituted at C-6 by N-acetylglucosamine: (Formula: see text). This oligosaccharide may represent a biosynthetic product of a previously unrecognized N acetylglucosaminyltransferase catalysing formation of a linear GlcNAc beta 1-6Gal sequence. PMID- 3223920 TI - Degradation of basement membranes by human matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin). AB - Connective tissue cells synthesize and secrete a group of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), all of which are capable of degrading the extracellular-matrix components. One of them, MMP-3 (stromelysin) has been shown to degrade purified basement-membrane components, collagen IV and laminin [Okada, Y., Nagase, H. & Harris, E. D., Jr. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 14245-14255]. Here we report that MMP-3 degrades collagen IV and laminin in intact basement membranes from bovine glomeruli (GBM) and bovine anterior-lens capsules (LBM). Degradation products were analysed by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis to determine the number and sizes of polypeptide fragments. Immunoblotting techniques were used to identify the origins of the fragments, i.e. collagen IV or laminin. The fragments of collagen IV were further mapped using specific antibodies that recognize the N-terminal (7 S) domain, the C-terminal (NC-1) domain, or the major triple-helical region between the terminal domains. Degradation of collagen IV was extensive; many fragments were found, from both GBM and LBM, in the Mr range 25,000-380,000. A large fragment of laminin (Mr greater than 380,000) was found in the GBM digests without reduction, but it dissociated into 220,000-Mr chains upon reduction. The results suggest that MMP-3 plays an important role in the catabolism of basement membranes. PMID- 3223921 TI - Proteolytic dissection as a probe of conformational changes in the human erythrocyte glucose transport protein. AB - Tryptic digestion has been used to investigate the conformational changes associated with substrate translocation by the human erythrocyte glucose transporter. The effects of substrates and inhibitors of transport on the rates of tryptic cleavage at the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane have confirmed previous observations that this protein can adopt at least two conformations. In the presence of phloretin or 4,6-O-ethylidene-D-glucose, the rate of cleavage is slowed. Because these inhibitors bind preferentially at the extracellular surface of the transporter, their effects must result from a conformational change rather than from steric hindrance. A conformational change must also be responsible for the effect of the physiological substrate D-glucose, which is to increase the rate of cleavage. The regions of the protein involved in the conformational changes include both of the large cytoplasmic regions that are cleaved by trypsin: these are the central hydrophilic region of the sequence (residues 213 269) and the hydrophilic C-terminal region (residues 457-492). PMID- 3223922 TI - Molybdenum and vanadium nitrogenases of Azotobacter chroococcum. Low temperature favours N2 reduction by vanadium nitrogenase. AB - A comparison of the effect of temperature on the reduction of N2 by purified molybdenum nitrogenase and vanadium nitrogenase of Azotobacter chroococcum showed differences in behaviour. As the assay temperature was lowered from 30 degrees C to 5 degrees C N2 remained an effective substrate for V nitrogenase, but not Mo nitrogenase, since the specific activity for N2 reduction by Mo nitrogenase decreased 10-fold more than that of V nitrogenase. Activity cross-reactions between nitrogenase components showed the enhanced low-temperature activity to be associated with the Fe protein of V nitrogenase. The lower activity of homologous Mo nitrogenase components, although dependent on the ratio of MoFe protein to Fe protein, did not equal that of V nitrogenase even under conditions of high electron flux obtained at a 12-fold molar excess of Fe protein. PMID- 3223923 TI - A comparison of four cathepsins (B, L, N and S) with collagenolytic activity from rabbit spleen. AB - We have separated four cathepsins (B, L, N and S) from rabbit spleen. They are all collagen-degrading cysteine proteinases, with Mr values of 25,250, 23,500, 34,000 and 30,000 for cathepsin B, L, N and S respectively. Cathepsins B, N and S have isoelectric points of 5.4, 6.2 and 6.8 respectively, whereas cathepsin L exhibited multiple charge forms in the range 5.0-5.7. A comparison of their specific activity against a variety of protein and synthetic substrates shows many differences. These differences can be visually illustrated through isoelectric focusing and detection of enzymic activity with protein and synthetic substrate overlays. By using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the binding to chicken cystatin and detection with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to native cathepsins B and L, no cross-reactivity of the four native enzymes was observed. Studies on the co-operative or synergistic effect in degrading collagen indicated that, of the different combinations tested, only the combination of cathepsin B and N exhibited enhanced collagenolysis. PMID- 3223924 TI - Aldehyde oxidation in human placenta. Purification and properties of 1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate dehydrogenase. AB - The human placenta contains a considerable amount of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (23 +/- 6 micrograms/g; n = 12), about 25% of the concentration present in liver. The enzyme is the only form in placenta that oxidizes short- and medium-chain aldehydes, which facilitates its purification from this organ. It can be purified to homogeneity by successive chromatographies on DEAE cellulose, 5'-AMP-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-300. From 500 g of tissue, about 2.1 units of enzyme can be obtained with a 12% yield. Placental 1-pyrroline-5 carboxylate dehydrogenase is a dimer of Mr-63,000 subunits. It exhibits a pI of 6.80-6.65, and is specific for 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, the cyclic form of glutamate gamma-semialdehyde (Km = 0.17 mM, kcat. = 870 min-1), although it also oxidizes short-chain aliphatic aldehydes such as propionaldehyde (Km = 24 mM, kcat. = 500 min-1). These properties are very close to those of the liver enzyme, indicating a strong similarity between the enzyme forms from both organs. The enzyme is highly sensitive to temperature, showing 50% inhibition after incubation for 0.8 min at 45 degrees C or after 23 min at 25 degrees C. It is irreversibly inhibited by disulfiram, and a molar ratio inhibitor: enzyme of 60:1 produced 50% inhibition after incubation for 10 min. A subcellular-distribution study indicates that the enzyme is located in two compartments: the mitochondria, with 60% of the total activity, and the cytosol, with 40% activity. The physiological role of the enzyme in placental amino acid metabolism is discussed. PMID- 3223925 TI - Synthesis and properties of peptidyl derivatives of arginylfluoromethanes. AB - Two peptide derivatives of arginylfluoromethane (Arg-CH2F), namely Bz(benzoyl) Phe-ArgCH2F and D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2F, have been synthesized by extension of available methods, i.e. the Dakin-West reaction [Rasnick (1985) Anal. Biochem. 149, 461-465] or synthesis of a phthaloyl-blocked C-terminal fluoromethane [Rauber, Angliker, Walker & Shaw (1986) Biochem. J. 239, 633-640; Angliker, Wikstrom, Rauber & Shaw (1987) Biochem. J. 241, 871-875] with subsequent elongation. The guanidino group of arginine was protected as the bis-Cbz (benzyloxycarbonyl) derivative. The products were examined as active-site directed inhibitors of some trypsin-related serine proteinases as well as a pair of cysteine proteinases. The results extend previous observations that the rate of alkylation of serine proteinases by fluoromethanes may be considerably slower than by chloromethanes. As expected, the amino acid sequence of the inhibitors influenced their relative effectiveness. Thus the rate of inactivation of a number of trypsin-like proteinases by D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2F varied by more than two orders of magnitude. PMID- 3223926 TI - Pregnancy and pentobarbital anaesthesia modify hepatic synthesis of acylglycerol glycerol and glycogen from gluconeogenic precursors during fasting in rats. AB - 1. Incorporation of gluconeogenic precursors into blood glucose and hepatic glycogen and acylglycerol glycerol was examined in 24 h-fasted virgin rats by using a flooding procedure for substrate administration. At 10 min after their intravenous injection, the conversion of alanine or glycerol into liver glycogen or acylglycerol glycerol was proportional to glucose synthesis. 2. In 24 h-fasted 21-day-pregnant rats, the incorporation of alanine and glycerol into hepatic acylglycerol glycerol was markedly enhanced compared with the control group. In addition, during fasting at late pregnancy, the proportion of substrates directed to acylglycerol glycerol as compared with the fraction incorporated into glucose was augmented. 3. In pentobarbital-treated fasted rats, the incorporation of both alanine and pyruvate into circulating glucose and into hepatic glycogen and acylglycerol glycerol was increased. Pentobarbital treatment increased the proportion of substrates incorporated into liver glycogen, compared with the fraction appearing in circulating glucose. These changes were concomitant with a marked accumulation of glycogen. 4. The data indicate that, during fasting, gluconeogenesis provides glucose as well as hepatic glycogen and acylglycerol glycerol, independently of whether the substrates enter gluconeogenesis at the level of pyruvate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate. PMID- 3223927 TI - Structural studies on mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase using chemical cross linking. AB - The structure of bovine heart mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase was investigated by cross-linking constituent subunits with disuccinimidyl tartrate, (ethylene glycol)yl bis(succinimidyl succinate) and dimethyl suberimidate. Cross-linked products were identified by Western blotting with monospecific antisera to nine subunits of the enzyme. Cross-links between subunits within the flavoprotein, iron-protein and hydrophobic domains of the enzyme were identified. Cross-linking between the 75 kDa iron-protein-domain subunit and the 51 kDa flavoprotein-domain subunit was modulated by the substrate NADH. Cross-linking of subunits of the iron-protein and flavoprotein domains to constituents of the hydrophobic domain was also found. This was further substantiated by photolabelling subunits of the latter region, which were in contact with the membrane lipid, with 3 (trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine. One such subunit of Mr 19,000 could be cross-linked to components of the iron-protein domain. PMID- 3223928 TI - Transmembrane organization of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase as revealed by radiochemical labelling and cross-linking. AB - The organization of bovine heart NADH dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial inner membrane was investigated by chemical cross-linking and radiolabelling with [125I]iododiazobenzenesulphonate (IDABS). Mitochondria or submitochondrial particles were cross-linked with disulphosuccinimidyl tartrate and dimethyl suberimidate, and dimeric products containing subunits of the NADH dehydrogenase were analysed by Western blotting with subunit-specific antisera. Cross-linking of mitochondria gave rise to (49 + 30) kDa and (49 + 19) kDa dimers and an additional dimer containing the 30 kDa subunit. Cross-linking of submitochondrial particles gave rise to (75 + 51) kDa, (75 + 30) kDa and (49 + 13) kDa dimers and a further dimer containing the 30 kDa subunit. We conclude that the 49 kDa and 30 kDa subunits are transmembranous, the 19 kDa subunit is exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane, whereas the 75, 51 and 13 kDa subunits are exposed on the matrix face of the membrane. Reaction of the isolated enzyme with IDABS results in labelling of 75, 49, 42, 33, 30, 13 and 10 kDa subunits. From experiments in which mitochondria or submitochondrial particles were first labelled and NADH dehydrogenase then isolated by immunoprecipitation, it was found that labelling of the 49 kDa subunit occurs predominantly from the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. On the other hand, labelling of the 75, 13 and 10 kDa subunits occurs predominantly from the matrix side of the membrane, whereas the 30 and 33 kDa subunits are heavily labelled from either side. These findings are consistent with those obtained from cross-linking. PMID- 3223929 TI - Supracrystallographic resolution of interactions contributing to enzyme catalysis by use of natural structural variants and reactivity-probe kinetics. AB - 1. The influence on the reactivities of the catalytic sites of papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and actinidin (3.4.22.14) of providing for interactions involving the S1-S2 intersubsite regions of the enzymes was evaluated by using as a series of thiol-specific two-hydronic-state reactivity probes: n-propyl 2-pyridyl disulphide (I) (a 'featureless' probe), 2-(acetamido)ethyl 2'-pyridyl disulphide (II) (containing a P1-P2 amide bond), 2-(acetoxy)ethyl 2'-pyridyl disulphide (III) [the ester analogue of probe (II)] and 2-carboxyethyl 2'-pyridyl disulphide N-methylamide (IV) [the retroamide analogue of probe (II)]. Syntheses of compounds (I), (III) and (IV) are reported. 2. The reactivities of the two enzymes towards the four reactivity probes (I)-(IV) and also that of papain towards 2-(N'-acetyl-L-phenylalanylamino)ethyl 2'-pyridyl disulphide (VII) (containing both a P1-P2 amide bond and an L-phenylalanyl side chain as an occupant for the S2 subsite), in up to four hydronic (previously called protonic) states, were evaluated by analysis of pH-dependent stopped-flow kinetic data (for the release of pyridine-2-thione) by using an eight-parameter rate equation [described in the Appendix: Brocklehurst & Brocklehurst (1988) Biochem. J. 256, 556-558] to provide pH-independent rate constants and macroscopic pKa values. The analysis reveals the various ways in which the two enzymes respond very differently to the binding of ligands in the S1-S2 intersubsite regions despite the virtually superimposable crystal structures in these regions of the molecules. 3. Particularly striking differences between the behaviour of papain and that of actinidin are that (a) only papain responds to the presence of a P1 P2 amide bond in the probe such that a rate maximum at pH 6-7 is produced in the pH-k profile in place of the rate minimum, (b) only in the papain reactions does the pKa value of the alkaline limb of the pH-k profile change from 9.5 to approx. 8.2 [the value characteristic of a pH-(kcat./Km) profile] when the probe contains a P1-P2 amide bond, (c) only papain reactivity is affected by two positively co operative hydronic dissociations with pKI congruent to pKII congruent to 4 and (d) modulation of the reactivity of the common -S(-)-ImH+ catalytic-site ion-pair (Cys-25/His-159 in papain and Cys-25/His-162 in actinidin) by hydronic dissociation with pKa approx. 5 is more marked and occurs more generally in reactions of actinidin than is the case for papain reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3223930 TI - Oxidative activities in mitochondria-like particles from Setaria digitata, a filarial parasite. AB - The oxidative metabolic potential of Setaria digitata, a filarial parasite found in the intraperitoneal cavity of cattle, was investigated. These worms showed active wriggling movements which were not affected by respiratory poisons such as cyanide, rotenone and malonate. They also possessed cyanide-insensitive and glucose-independent oxygen consumption pathways. By differential centrifugation of sucrose homogenates, a fraction containing mitochondria-like particles was obtained in which the activity of the marker enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase, was recovered. This fraction catalysed succinate- and NADH-dependent reduction of both cytochrome c and dyes. Oxygen uptake found with succinate, NADH and ascorbate as substrates was not sensitive to cyanide. Cytochromes could not be detected in either this fraction or homogenates of the worms. H2O2 generation with a number of substrates and lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde formed as well as by accompanying oxygen uptake were demonstrated in the mitochondria-like particles. A lipid quinone, possibly with a short side chain and related to ubiquinone, was detected in the worms. The results suggested the existence of two cyanide-insensitive oxygen-consuming reactions in Setaria: one respiratory substrate-independent lipid peroxidation, and a second substrate dependent reaction that requires an auto-oxidizable quinone but not a cytochrome system. PMID- 3223931 TI - N.m.r., e.p.r. and magnetic-c.d. studies of cytochrome f. Identity of the haem axial ligands. AB - N.m.r.-, magnetic-c.d.- and e.p.r.-spectroscopic studies of oxidized and reduced cytochrome f from charlock, rape and woad are reported. Comparison of the spectra with corresponding spectra of other haem proteins, including horse and yeast cytochromes c, bovine cytochrome b5 and n-butylamine adduct of soya-bean leghaemoglobin support the hypothesis [Siedow, Vickery & Palmer (1980) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 203, 101-107] that lysine is the sixth ligand of native cytochrome f. Detailed analysis of the e.p.r. spectrum of ferricytochrome f indicates that its principle g-values are 3.51, 1.70 and less than 1.3, and not 3.48, 2.07 and 1.6 as previously suggested [Siedow, Vickery & Palmer (1980) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 203, 101-107]. The observation of a one-proton intensity resonance at -3.27 p.p.m. in the 1H-n.m.r. spectrum of ferrocytochrome f, coupled with the absence of a methionine methyl resonance from the spectral region to low frequency of -2 p.p.m., is suggested to be a general indicator of lysine co ordination. PMID- 3223932 TI - Identification and isolation of the phosphorylated intermediate of the calcium pump in rat intestinal basolateral membranes. AB - Transport of Ca2+ by the ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump has been demonstrated previously in rat intestinal basolateral-membrane vesicles. To identify the Ca2+-pump protein, duodenal basolateral membranes were phosphorylated with [gamma-32P]ATP in the presence of Ca2+ and La3+, under conditions conducive for maximal formation of the phosphorylated intermediate of the Ca2+ pump. Four major phosphoprotein bands were seen on autoradiograms of acidic SDS/polyacrylamide gels; the properties of a phosphoprotein (pp) at 130 kDa (pp130) were consistent with those expected for the plasma-membrane Ca2+ pump. This phosphoprotein was markedly enhanced by La3+, exhibited the characteristics of an acyl-phosphate bond, was preferentially phosphorylated from ATP and inhibited by micromolar concentrations of vanadate. Another phosphoprotein of 115 kDa possibly represented the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump or a fragment of pp130. Other phosphoproteins of 75 and 95 kDa were predominantly expressions of alkaline phosphatase. Formation of pp130 was highest in duodenal basolateral-membrane preparations when compared with those of jejunum and ileum or other subcellular fractions. A similar correlation between Ca2+-pump activity and pp130 formation was not found in membranes from villus-tip and crypt cells or in vitamin D deficient animals. pp130 was isolated as a single phosphoprotein by calmodulin affinity chromatography. We conclude that pp130 represents the phosphorylated intermediate of the rat intestinal basolateral-membrane Ca2+ pump, which can be separated from other phosphoproteins using its properties as a calmodulin-binding protein. PMID- 3223933 TI - Submaxillary mucins. Intermolecular interactions and gel-forming potential of concentrated solutions. AB - The intermolecular interactions in concentrated solutions of pig submaxillary mucin (PSM) and sheep submaxillary mucin (SSM) were studied by mechanical spectroscopy. PSM and SSM were purified from detectable protein and nucleic acid by equilibrium centrifugation in a CsCl density gradient. PSM and SSM isolated in the presence of proteinase inhibitors showed distinct differences from preparations isolated in the presence of 0.2 M-NaCl alone, the latter having a carbohydrate and amino acid analysis similar to other preparations isolated by precipitation or ion-exchange techniques. Gel-filtration studies showed that preparations isolated in the presence of 0.2 M-NaCl alone were dissociated into smaller-sized glycoprotein units by 3.5 M-CsCl or 2.0 M-NaCl (SSM), pH 2.0 (PSM) or heating at 100 degrees C for 10 min (PSM and SSM). Preparations isolated in the presence of proteinase inhibitors were not dissociated by these treatments. Proteolysis fragmented all submaxillary mucin preparations into small glycopeptides of Mr 13,700 for PSM and of Mr 14,000 and 15,000 for SSM. PSM preparations when concentrated formed viscoelastic gels, as determined by mechanical spectroscopy. In contrast, SSM showed characteristics of a weak viscoelastic liquid under comparable conditions (coil overlap). PSM glycoprotein isolated in proteinase inhibitors formed weak viscoelastic gels at concentrations between 5 and 15 mg/ml. Preparations of PSM glycoprotein isolated in the presence of 0.2 M-NaCl (concentration 10-97 mg/ml) had the same overall mechanical gel structure as those preparations extracted in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. This gel structure was seen to collapse following proteolysis of both preparations or after acid treatment of the glycoprotein isolated in the presence of 0.2 M-NaCl, consistent with the breakdown in size of the polymeric glycoprotein. Treatment of PSM gel with 0.2 M-2-mercaptoethanol caused a surprising increase in gel strength, which was further markedly increased on removal of the reducing agent by dialysis. An association of reduced subunits of PSM was observed by gel filtration after removal of 0.2 M-2-mercaptoethanol. These results point to intermolecular disulphide exchange occurring on reduction of these PSM glycoprotein preparations. These results demonstrate that gel formation in PSM glycoprotein is similar to that for other gastrointestinal mucus glycoproteins from stomach to colon. Gel formation in PSM, as in other mucins, depends on polymerization of subunits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3223934 TI - A probable mechanism of inactivation by urea of goat spleen cathepsin B. Unfolding and refolding studies. AB - Equilibrium and kinetic studies of the unfolding-refolding of goat spleen cathepsin B induced by urea are reported. Tryptophan fluorescence and enzyme activity were monitored. The activity of cathepsin B is lost reversibly at 1.2 M urea. The enzyme unfolds in two main stages, having a stable intermediate (Y) between its native (N) and fully denatured (D) states. Enzyme activity and kinetic studies of these transitions indicate the existence of at least two intermediate forms (X1 and X2) between the N and Y states. The overall denaturation and renaturation scheme is thus suggested to be N in equilibrium with X1----X2 in equilibrium with Y in equilibrium with D. The multiplicity of the intermediate and fractional regaining of the activity up to a urea concentration of 2 M indicates the presence of multidomain structure in cathepsin B. PMID- 3223936 TI - The O2-dependence of respiration and H2O2 production in the parasitic nematode Ascaridia galli. AB - 1. Respiration in the parasitic nematode worm Ascaridia galli was inhibited at O2 concentrations in excess of 255 microM, and an apparent Km,O2 of 174 microM was determined. 2. Mitochondria-enriched fractions isolated from the tissues of A. galli have much lower apparent Km,O2 values (approx. 5 microM). They produce H2O2 in the energized state; higher rates of H2O2 production were observed in the presence of the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. 3. Antimycin A inhibited respiration in muscle tissue mitochondria by 10%, but had no effect on respiration in gut + reproductive tissue mitochondria; the major portion of respiration in both types of mitochondria could be attributed to an alternative electron-transport pathway. 4. o-Hydroxydiphenyl, an inhibitor of alternative electron-transport pathways, inhibits respiration by 98% and completely inhibits the production of H2O2 in gut-plus-reproductive-tissue mitochondria; respiration and H2O2 production in muscle tissue mitochondria were inhibited by 90 and 86% respectively. 5. Another inhibitor of alternative electron transport, salicylhydroxamic acid, had the same effect as o-hydroxydiphenyl on H2O2 production and respiration in gut-plus-reproductive-tissue mitochondria. However, its effect on muscle tissue mitochondria was complex; a low concentration (0.35 mM) stimulated H2O2 production, whereas 3 mM inhibited respiration by 87% and prevented H2O2 production completely. 6. The similarities between the apparent Km,O2 values for H2O2 production and respiration in muscle mitochondria and in gut-plus-reproductive-tissue mitochondria suggests that the site of H2O2 production on the alternative electron-transport chain is cytochrome 'o'. 7. These results are discussed in relation to potential O2 toxicity in A. galli. PMID- 3223935 TI - Interaction in vivo and in vitro of apolipoprotein E-free high-density lipoprotein with parenchymal, endothelial and Kupffer cells from rat liver. AB - The interaction of apolipoprotein (apo) E-free high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with parenchymal, endothelial and Kupffer cells from liver was characterized. At 10 min after injection of radiolabelled HDL into rats, 1.0 +/- 0.1% of the radioactivity was associated with the liver. Subfractionation of the liver into parenchymal, endothelial and Kupffer cells, by a low-temperature cell-isolation procedure, indicated that 77.8 +/- 2.4% of the total liver-associated radioactivity was recovered with parenchymal cells, 10.8 +/- 0.8% with endothelial cells and 11.3 +/- 1.7% with Kupffer cells. It can be concluded that inside the liver a substantial part of HDL becomes associated with endothelial and Kupffer cells in addition to parenchymal cells. With freshly isolated parenchymal, endothelial and Kupffer cells the binding properties for apo E-free HDL were determined. For parenchymal, endothelial and Kupffer cells, evidence was obtained for a saturable, specific, high-affinity binding site with Kd and Bmax. values respectively in the ranges 10-20 micrograms of HDL/ml and 25-50 ng of HDL/mg of cell protein. In all three cell types nitrosylated HDL and low-density lipoproteins did not compete for the binding of native HDL, indicating that lipids and apo B are not involved in specific apo E-free HDL binding. Very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL), however, did compete for HDL binding. The competition of VLDL with apo E-free HDL could not be explained by label exchange or by transfer of radioactive lipids or apolipoproteins between HDL and VLDL, and it is therefore suggested that competition is exerted by the presence of apo Cs in VLDL. The results presented here provide evidence for a high-affinity recognition site for HDL on parenchymal, liver endothelial and Kupffer cells, with identical recognition properties on the three cell types. HDL is expected to deliver cholesterol from peripheral cells, including endothelial and Kupffer cells, to the liver hepatocytes, where cholesterol can be converted into bile acids and thereby irreversibly removed from the circulation. The observed identical recognition properties of the HDL high-affinity site on liver parenchymal, endothelial and Kupffer cells suggest that one receptor may mediate both cholesterol efflux and cholesterol influx, and that the regulation of this bidirectional cholesterol (ester) flux lies beyond the initial binding of HDL to the receptor. PMID- 3223937 TI - Selective channelling of arachidonic and linoleic acids into glycerolipids of rat hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - Rat hepatocytes in primary culture were incubated with a mixture of linoleic and arachidonic acid at various total fatty acid/serum albumin molar ratios. Mixed fatty acids were taken up at the same rate and distributed with the same pattern as fatty acids added separately. The rates of total uptake, incorporation into hepatocyte and secreted triacylglycerols and beta-oxidation were linearly related to the fatty acid/albumin ratios, whereas the rate of incorporation into phospholipids was saturable. Neither the uptake rate nor the distribution of both fatty acids considered together varied with the arachidonic acid/linoleic acid molar ratio. Changes in this ratio and in the uptake rate led to significant variations in the respective fate of the fatty acids. The preferential channelling of arachidonic acid versus linoleic acid into beta-oxidation and phosphatidylinositol was greatest at a low uptake rate and then decreased as the uptake rose. Conversely, the preferential channelling of arachidonic acid versus linoleic acid into phosphatidylcholine, but not phosphatidylethanolamine, increased with the uptake rate. Moreover, both arachidonic acid and linoleic acid were preferentially incorporated into the 1-palmitoyl molecular species of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine at a low uptake rate, and of phosphatidylcholine at a high uptake rate. This could be related to the synthesis of biliary phosphatidylcholine, of which 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl and 1-palmitoyl 2-arachidonoyl are the main molecular species. Linoleic and arachidonic acid were selectively distributed into distinct metabolic pools of triacylglycerol, the intrahepatocyte pool which preferentially incorporated linoleic acid at a low uptake rate and the secreted pool in which the relative enrichment of arachidonic acid increased with the uptake rate. This strengthens the central role of hepatic secretion in the supply of arachidonic acid to peripheral tissues. PMID- 3223938 TI - Microcoulometric analysis of trimethylamine dehydrogenase. AB - Trimethylamine dehydrogenase, which contains one covalently bound 6-S-cysteinyl FMN and one Fe4S4 cluster per subunit of molecular mass 83,000 Da, was purified to homogeneity from the methylotrophic bacterium W3A1. Microcoulometry at pH 7 in 50 mM-Mops buffer containing 0.1 mM-EDTA and 0.1 M-KCl revealed that the native enzyme required the addition of 3 reducing equivalents per subunit for complete reduction. In contrast, under identical conditions the phenylhydrazine-inhibited enzyme required the addition of 0.9 reducing equivalent per subunit with a midpoint potential of +110 mV. Least-squares analysis of the microcoulometric data obtained for the native enzyme, assuming uptake of 1 electron by Fe4S4 and 2 electrons by FMN, indicated midpoint potentials of +44 mV and +36 mV for the FMN/FMN.- and FMN.-/FMNH2 couples respectively and +102 mV for reduction of the Fe4S4 cluster. PMID- 3223939 TI - Improved procedure for the construction of neoglycolipids having antigenic and lectin-binding activities, from reducing oligosaccharides. AB - Conditions have been established for the rapid and efficient conjugation of reducing oligosaccharides (di- to deca-saccharides) to dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine. The resulting neoglycolipids derived from several naturally occurring oligosaccharides and a series of N-linked high-mannose-type oligosaccharides released by hydrazinolysis from RNAase B showed specific and potent reactivities, as appropriate, with monoclonal antibodies to blood group Lewis(b), blood group A or a stage-specific embryonic (SSEA-1) antigen, or the lectin concanavalin A. PMID- 3223940 TI - The hepatic glycogenolysis induced by reversible ischaemia or KCN is exclusively catalysed by phosphorylase a. AB - 1. Ischaemia was applied for 30 min to the liver of Wistar rats and of gsd/gsd rats, which have a genetic deficiency of phosphorylase kinase. The rate of glycogenolysis corresponded closely to the concentration of phosphorylase a. The loss of glycogen from Wistar livers was accounted for by the intrahepatic increase in glucose plus lactate. Further, the accumulation of oligosaccharides was negligible in the gsd/gsd liver. 2. Isolated hepatocytes from Wistar and gsd/gsd rats were incubated for 40 min in the presence of either KCN or glucagon. Again, the production of glucose plus lactate was strictly dependent on the presence of phosphorylase a. However, the catalytic efficiency of phosphorylase a was about 2-fold higher in the presence of KCN. 3. We conclude that the hepatic glycogenolysis induced by anoxia and by KCN is solely mediated by phosphorylase a. The higher catalytic activity of phosphorylase a under these circumstances could be due to an increased concentration of the substrate Pi. PMID- 3223941 TI - Cu(I) analysis of blue copper proteins. AB - A simple colorimetric test for the Cu(I) content in blue copper proteins is described. The procedure is based on the formation of a complex between Cu(I) and 2,2'-biquinoline in an acetic acid medium. Analyses of spinach plastocyanin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin and Rhus vernicifera stellacyanin show that the cysteine residue in the type 1 site does not induce Cu(II) reduction under our conditions. There is evidence in laccase samples for the presence of an endogenous reductant that can reduce 0.14 +/- 0.04 mol of Cu(II)/mol of protein; however, the addition of EDTA eliminates the interference. The analysis shows that 25 +/- 2% of the type 3 copper ions are in the reduced form in the resting enzyme and that 80 +/- 15% of the type 3 copper ions are reduced in preparations of type-2-depleted laccase. There is growing interest in the development of chemically modified forms of laccase, and our method should be very useful for establishing the valence state of the metal centres in the various derivatives. PMID- 3223942 TI - A model for measurement of lactate disappearance with isotopic tracers in the steady state. AB - 1. The irreversible disappearance of lactate carbon from the body (RdL) is commonly calculated from data obtained with a continuous infusion of isotopically labelled lactate tracer. The tracer infusion rate divided by the steady-state lactate specific radioactivity in blood is taken to give the rate of lactate disappearance. 2. Measurement of lactate disappearance is complicated by the fact that it is reversibly converted into pyruvate as well as being irreversibly removed from the system. 3. We analysed a four-compartment model of lactate metabolism, representing blood lactate, tissue lactate and pyruvate carbon pools. 4. The standard method of calculating RdL from the lactate tracer infusion rate divided by the specific radioactivity of lactate was not validated. 5. We found that RdL can be calculated from the infusion rate and the pyruvate specific radioactivity, multiplied by the fraction of the total carbon flow out of pyruvate that goes to lactate. 6. Therefore, if almost all of the pyruvate carbon flows back to lactate, then RdL approaches the tracer infusion rate divided by the pyruvate specific radioactivity. On the other hand, if the rate of oxidation is large in relation to the rate of pyruvate conversion into lactate, than RdL is overestimated when calculated from the pyruvate specific radioactivity. 7. Calculation of RdL with the arterial lactate specific radioactivity results in an underestimate of the true RdL. PMID- 3223943 TI - A 13 kDa fragment is responsible for the hydrophobic aggregation of brain G4 acetylcholinesterase. AB - Proteinase K treatment of the bovine brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) releases a hydrophobic fragment of 13 kDa, which is entirely responsible for the aggregation of the G4 AChE in the absence of detergent. This observation provides evidence that the 13 kDa fragment, which comes from a previously identified 20 kDa subunit, is directly involved in the attachment of the G4 AChE to brain membranes. A model for the organization of the different sub-domains of the hydrophobic anchor of the G4 AChE is presented. PMID- 3223944 TI - Rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5. A simple large-scale purification procedure and antibody production by antigen-containing liposomes. AB - Cytochrome b5 from rat liver microsomes (microsomal fractions) was purified in its native form. The procedure described has great capacity, is fast, and the final product is pure as judged from SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Antibodies to cytochrome b5 are obtained after administration of the antigen inserted into small unilamellar lipid vesicles. PMID- 3223945 TI - Tumour necrosis factor alpha (cachectin) mimics some of the effects of tumour growth on the disposal of a [14C]lipid load in virgin, lactating and litter removed rats. AB - Tumour necrosis factor alpha (cachectin) was administered to virgin, lactating and litter-removed rats, and subsequent disposal of an oral [1-14C]triolein (glycerol tri[1-14C]oleate) load examined. Absorption of the lipid and 14CO2 production were significantly depressed in all three groups. [14C]Lipid accumulation was decreased in carcass, liver and adipose tissue (brown and white) of virgin and litter-removed rats and the mammary gland of lactating rats. The plasma triacylglycerol concentration was increased in all three groups, and lipoprotein lipase activity was decreased in the white adipose tissue of virgin and litter-removed animals and in the mammary gland of lactating animals. Some, but not all, of these effects mimic tumour burden in the same physiological states [Evans & Williamson (1988) Biochem. J. 252, 65-72]. PMID- 3223946 TI - Effect of propionyl-CoA on enzymic methods for the quantification of acetyl-CoA. PMID- 3223947 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of the human erythrocyte membrane anion transport protein deduced from the cDNA sequence. AB - 1. We have isolated cDNA clones corresponding to the red cell membrane anion transport protein (Band 3). 2. The cDNA clones cover 3475 bases of the mRNA and contain the entire protein-coding region, 150 bases of the 5' untranslated region and part of the 3' non-coding region, but do not extend to the 3' end of the mRNA. 3. The translated protein sequence predicts that the human red cell anion transporter contains 911 amino acids. 4. The availability of the amino acid sequence allows the interpretation of some of the many studies on the chemical and proteolytic modification of the human protein aimed at examining the structure and mechanism of this membrane transport protein. PMID- 3223948 TI - Rapid kinetic studies of the reduction of cellobiose oxidase from the white-rot fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum by cellobiose. AB - The reactions between cellobiose and cellobiose oxidase were investigated by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Under anaerobic conditions rapid reduction of the associated flavin is followed by slower reduction of cytochrome b. The kinetic difference spectra are reported. The rate of flavin reduction depends on the cellobiose concentration (with an apparent second-order rate constant of approx. 10(5) M-1.s-1) but reaches a rate limit of approx. 20 s-1. In contrast, the rate of cytochrome b reduction decreases at high cellobiose concentrations. Kinetic titrations of the flavin and cytochrome b moieties yield the stoichiometries of the separate reactions, i.e. the number of moles of cellobiose needed to fully reduce 1 mole of each redox component. The rate constant for cytochrome b reduction, unlike that for flavin reduction, increased with enzyme concentration, prompting the conclusion that any given cytochrome b centre is reduced preferentially by flavin groups in different molecules rather than by its partner flavin within the same monomer. These data are discussed in the context of a scheme that rationalizes them and accounts for the overall stoichiometry in which three two-electron donors (cellobiose molecules) reduce two three-electron acceptors (the flavin-cytochrome b of cellobiose oxidase). PMID- 3223949 TI - Effect of deglycosylation on the structure and hormone-binding activity of the lutropin receptor. AB - Affinity-purified rat ovarian lutropin (LH) receptor is a single 90 kDa polypeptide which binds to immobilized lectins, indicating that the receptor is a glycoprotein [Keinanen, Kellokumpu, Metsikko & Rajaniemi (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 7920-7926]. In the present study the glycoprotein nature of the rat ovarian LH receptor was investigated in order to determine the contribution of the glycan moiety to receptor's size and hormone-binding properties. Treatment of the 125I labelled purified LH receptor with neuraminidase and peptide N-glycosidase F resulted in a decrease in size of LH receptor from 90 kDa to 79 kDa and 62 kDa respectively, as assessed by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Endo-alpha-N acetylgalactosaminidase treatment did not affect the electrophoretic mobility of the intact or neuraminidase-treated LH receptor. Subjecting the membrane-bound LH receptor to similar enzymic treatments followed by ligand blotting showed that the 79 kDa and 62 kDa forms are capable of specific hormone binding. Furthermore, intact and peptide N-glycosidase F-treated membranes bound 125I-labelled human choriogonadotropin with similar affinities. These data suggest that molecular mass of the polypeptide backbone of the LH receptor is 62 kDa. The receptor contains N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharide chains with terminal sialic acid residues, with little or no O-linked oligosaccharide. N-Linked carbohydrate is not required for specific high-affinity hormone binding. PMID- 3223950 TI - 4-O-(1-carboxyethyl)-D-galactose. A new acidic sugar from the extracellular polysaccharide produced by Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain 49. AB - The structure of a new acidic sugar from the extracellular polysaccharide of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain 49 was determined as 4-O-(1-carboxyethyl)-D galactose on the basis of 13C-n.m.r. and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, m.s. and chemical degradation studies. PMID- 3223951 TI - Circular-dichroism studies on two murine serum amyloid A proteins. AB - C.d. studies have shown that mouse SAA2 (serum amyloid A2) protein has about one half of the alpha-helix content of the SAA1 (serum amyloid A1) analogue (15 as against 32%), although secondary-structure prediction analyses based on sequence data do not suggest such a large difference between the forms. The decreased helical content may be a reflection or indication of a stronger propensity to aggregation of the SAA2 form compared with SAA1. The main elements of secondary structure in both proteins are beta-sheets/turns. Interactions with Ca2+ are accompanied by small losses in alpha-helix content, whereas binding to chondroitin-6-sulphate in the presence of millimolar Ca2+ also decreases the amount of secondary structure. However, SAA2 binding to heparan sulphate increases its beta-sheet structure, whereas with SAA1 secondary structure is not apparently altered by its interaction with heparan sulphate. Computer-generated surface profiles show slight differences in accessibility, hydrophilicity and flexibility between the proteins. Understanding these differences may help to explain why SAA2 is found in amyloid fibrils whereas SAA1 is not. In particular, a stronger tendency to aggregation might be the reason why SAA2 is deposited exclusively in these fibrils. PMID- 3223952 TI - Respective influences of age and weaning on skeletal and visceral muscle protein synthesis in the lamb. AB - 1. The influences of age and weaning on muscle protein synthesis were studied in vivo, by injecting a large dose of [3H]valine into 1-, 5- and 8-week-old suckling or 8-week-old weaned lambs. 2. The fractional rates of protein synthesis, in red- and white-fibre-type skeletal muscles or striated and smooth visceral muscles, were in 8-week-old suckling animals 24-37% of their values at 1 week of age. This developmental decline was related to decreased capacities for protein synthesis, i.e. RNA/protein ratios. 3. At 8 weeks of age, suckling and weaned lambs had similar fractional synthesis rates, capacities for protein synthesis and efficiencies of protein synthesis (i.e. rates of protein synthesis relative to RNA) in skeletal muscles. 4. In contrast, visceral-muscle fractional synthesis rates were lower in 8-week-old suckling lambs than in weaned animals, owing to decreased efficiencies of protein synthesis. It was concluded that developmental factors and the change to a solid diet, or weaning in itself, or both, affect differently skeletal and visceral muscle protein synthesis in the immature lamb. PMID- 3223953 TI - Purification and characterization of biotin-binding protein II from chicken oocytes. AB - BBP-II, the major biotin-binding protein from chicken oocytes, was purified 12,000-fold with a 22% yield. The purification procedure includes butan-1-ol extraction of yolk lipids, phosphocellulose chromatography of the water-soluble proteins, DEAE-cellulose chromatography at pH 7.4 and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. Final purification was obtained by using a second DEAE-cellulose column chromatography at pH 6.0. BBP-I activity separated from BBP-II activity during elution from the first DEAE-cellulose column. Purified BBP-II was homogeneous on both polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under conditions that would detect a 1% impurity. The subunit Mr determined from SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was 18,200 (72,600 for tetramer), which compares favourably with an Mr value of 17,300 (69,100) calculated from the amino acid analysis. A single precipitin line formed when rabbit antiserum to the protein was directed against a crude chicken egg-yolk sample. BBP-II purified by this procedure lacked carbohydrate and phosphate, was stable indefinitely when frozen, and was quite stable at room temperature. The N terminal amino acid sequence showed polymorphism at three positions in the first 23 residues and was about 45% identical with the N-terminal 22 residues of avidin. Antiserum to BBP-II cross-reacted with BBP-I and similar proteins in the yolk of eggs from various birds and alligator as judged by immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. No cross-reaction was observed with chicken egg-white by either of these methods. PMID- 3223954 TI - Incorporation of lipoxygenase products into cholesteryl esters by acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase in cholesterol-rich macrophages. AB - Macrophages which were incubated with acetylated low-density lipoproteins, resulting in cholesteryl ester accumulation, incorporated the monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5-, 15-, and 12-HETEs) into cholesteryl esters. The esterification of these hydroxy fatty acids to cholesterol by total membrane preparations of cholesterol-rich macrophages was dependent on the synthesis of the fatty acyl-CoA derivative, and was catalysed by acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Stimulation of membrane ACAT activity by 25-hydroxycholesterol increased the synthesis of cholesteryl 12-HETE by 40%. In contrast, inhibiting ACAT activity by progesterone and compound 58-035 decreased cholesteryl 12-HETE production by 60% and 90% respectively. Although 5-, 15- and 12-HETE were esterified to cholesterol by ACAT, these monohydroxy fatty acids were less optimal as substrates compared with oleic acid or arachidonic acid. The hydrolysis and release of 12-HETE and the other monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids from intracellular cholesteryl esters and phospholipids occurred at a faster rate than for the more conventional fatty acids, oleate and arachidonate. Cholesteryl esters which contain hydroxy fatty acids therefore provide only a transient storage for lipoxygenase products, as these fatty acids are released into the medium as readily as hydroxy fatty acids found in phospholipids and triacylglycerols. The data provide evidence, for the first time, of an ACAT dependent esterification of the lipoxygenase products 5-, 15- and 12-HETEs to cholesterol in the macrophage-derived foam cell. The channelling of these monohydroxy fatty acids to cholesteryl esters provides a mechanism which can alter the amount of lipoxygenase products incorporated into cellular phospholipids, thus averting deleterious changes to cell membranes. ACAT, by catalysing the esterification of monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids to cholesterol, could play a key role in regulating the amount of lipoxygenase products in the pericellular space of the cholesterol-enriched macrophage. PMID- 3223956 TI - Inhibition by the fungicide fenpropimorph of cholesterol biosynthesis in 3T3 fibroblasts. AB - Fenpropimorph (N-[3-(p-t-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-cis-2,6 dimethylmorpholine), a morpholine fungicide known to be an inhibitor of sterol biosynthesis in fungi and in higher plants, was demonstrated to be an efficient inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis in cultured Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Treatment of the mammalian cells with fenpropimorph resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of [14C]acetate incorporation into the C27 sterols [IC50 (concentration causing half-maximal inhibition) = 0.5 microM], which was accompanied by an accumulation of polar sterols and a decrease in cellular hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. Exposure of the cells to the drug affected cell growth. Analysis of the sterols in the growth-arrested and in the pulse-labelled cells indicate that fenpropimorph has, in the sterol-biosynthetic pathway, target enzymes in mammalian cells different from those in the other phyla. Whereas in plants and fungi fenpropimorph mainly affects sterol isomerases and reductases, in the fibroblasts its main target seems to be the demethylation of lanosterol. PMID- 3223955 TI - Rat and human mammary tissue can synthesize choline moiety via the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine. AB - The normal mammal requires large amounts of choline for maintenance and growth of tissue mass. Since milk, the only food for neonates, has many-fold higher free choline concentration than does maternal plasma, it is possible that mammary gland can synthesize choline molecules. The only known mammalian pathway for the synthesis de novo of choline molecules is catalysed by phosphatidylethanolamine N methyltransferase (PeMT), which synthesizes phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) via sequential methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) using S adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as a methyl donor. We identified PeMT activity in rat mammary tissue, and differences in affinities for substrate, as well as in activities as a function of pH, suggest that at least two distinct enzyme activities are involved [i.e. one catalysing the methylation of PtdEtn to form phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine (PtdMeEtn) and the other catalysing the methylation of PtdMeEtn and phosphatidyl-NN-dimethylethanolamine (PtdMe2Etn) to form PtdMe2Etn and PtdCho, respectively]. The relationships between AdoMet concentrations and PtdCho formation from endogenous PtdEtn in rat mammary homogenate were complex: a sigmoidal component (with a Hill coefficient of 2.2), requiring 55 microM-AdoMet for half saturation (Vmax. = 9 pmol/h per mg of protein), and a high affinity component (Kapparent = 8.7 microM and Vmax. = 3.8 pmol/h per mg of protein) were identified. When exogenous PtdMe2Etn was added as substrate, PtdCho formation exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics for AdoMet, and its affinity for AdoMet was high (Kapparent = 9 microM, Vmax. = 85 pmol/h per mg of protein). In the presence of endogenous substrates, the rates of PeMT catalysed PtdCho formation within homogenates of rat mammary tissue were similar in tissue from lactating and non-lactating animals. When exogenous PtdMe2Etn was added to homogenates of rat mammary tissue, tissue from lactating rats made twice as much PtdCho as did tissue from non-lactating rats. Isolated mammary epithelial cells also exhibited PeMT activity; the rate of formation of PtdCho was much greater in intact versus broken cells. We also identified PeMT activity in homogenates of mammary tissue from non-lactating humans. The rate of PtdCho formation was of similar magnitude to that seen in rat tissue. This evidence supports the hypothesis that some of the choline found in milk could have been synthesized de novo in the mammary gland. PMID- 3223957 TI - Bilirubin photoconversion induced by monochromatic laser radiation. Comparison between aerobic and anaerobic experiments in vitro. AB - Structural and geometric photoisomerization of bilirubin bound to human serum albumin was investigated. Solutions were irradiated with monochromatic light emitted by an Ar ion laser, the 457.9, 488.0 and 514.5 nm wavelengths being selected. Photoproducts were separated and analysed by h.p.l.c. Visible absorption spectra of pure ZZ-bilirubin, ZE-bilirubin and lumirubin in the eluent were registered in the 350-550 nm region by collecting single fractions by h.p.l.c. Wavelength-dependence of bilirubin photoconversion was studied within photoequilibrium and up to a large decrement of the total concentration. Experiments were performed in aerobic and anaerobic conditions in order to assess the contribution of the photo-oxidation to the overall process. The presence of O2 was found to increase the rate of bilirubin degradation and unexpectedly to favour lumirubin production. The ability of 514.5 nm irradiation to induce bilirubin cyclization was definitively confirmed. PMID- 3223958 TI - Antioxidant protection by haemopexin of haem-stimulated lipid peroxidation. AB - Haem (ferrous protoporphyrin IX) is a reactive low-molecular-mass form of iron able to participate in oxygen-radical reactions that can lead to the degradation of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and DNA. Oxygen-radical reactions are likely to occur upon tissue damage. Extracellular fluids rely on antioxidant mechanisms different from those found inside the cell, and circulating proteins limit radical reactions by converting pro-oxidant forms of iron into less-reactive forms. Of the compounds tested, only apohaemopexin and the chain-breaking antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene inhibited (by more than 90%) haemin stimulated peroxidation as measured by formation of conjugated dienes, thiobarbituric acid-reactive material from linolenic acid or peroxidation-induced phospholipid fluorescence. Haptoglobin, the haemoglobin-binding serum protein, was ineffective. Conversely, only haptoglobin significantly inhibited haemoglobin stimulated lipid peroxidation. Iron-salt-induced lipid peroxidation was inhibited only by apotransferrin and the iron-chelator desferrioxamine. All lipid peroxidations were inhibited by the radical scavengers butylated hydroxytoluene and propyl gallate. These findings support the concept that transport and conservation of body iron stores are closely linked to antioxidant protection. PMID- 3223959 TI - Monohydroxylated fatty acid substrate specificity of human leukocyte 5 lipoxygenase and omega-hydroxylase. AB - Various monohydroxylated fatty acids were synthesized from eicosapolyenoic acids, namely arachidonic (20:4 omega-6), timnodonic (20:5 omega-3), dihomogammalinolenic (20:3 omega-6) and mead (20:3 omega-9) acids. 12-Hydroxy derivatives, as well as 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), were produced with platelets as the enzyme source, and 15-hydroxy derivatives were produced by soya bean lipoxygenase treatment. Each monohydroxylated fatty acid was incubated with human leukocytes in the presence or absence of the calcium ionophore A23187, and dihydroxylated products were analysed by h.p.l.c. 12 Hydroxy derivatives of 20:4 omega-6, 20:5 omega-3 and 20:3 omega-9 were similarly oxygenated by both the 5-lipoxygenase and the omega-hydroxylase. As expected, the 12-hydroxy derivative of 20:3 omega-6 was not a substrate for 5-lipoxygenase, but surprisingly, omega-6 oxygenated products, like 15-OH-20:4 or HHT, were not converted by the enzyme, although being potential substrates because of the presence of two double bonds at C-5 and C-8. omega-6 oxygenated derivatives were also poorly converted by leukotriene B4 omega-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme. It is concluded that both leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase and omega hydroxylase exhibit a substrate specificity towards monohydroxylated fatty acids with respect to their double bonds and/or the carbon position of the alcohol function. PMID- 3223960 TI - Oxidation of 3-amino-1-phenylprop-1-enes by monoamine oxidase and their use in a continuous assay of the enzyme. AB - 3-Amino-1-phenylprop-1-ene (cinnamylamine) and some derivatives were examined as substrates for monoamine oxidases A and B in mitochondria. All of the amines examined were readily oxidized by monoamine oxidase B but much less readily by monoamine oxidase A. E-Cinnamylamine was found to have Km 0.025 mM and Vmax. 3.9 nmol/min per mg of mitochondrial protein. Corresponding values with monoamine oxidase A were 0.026 mM and 0.85 nmol/min per mg respectively. Despite their different stereochemistry, E- and Z-N-methylcinnamylamines were almost equally effective as substrates for monoamine oxidase B. The characteristic u.v. absorbance and high absorption coefficient of cinnamaldehyde, the product produced by enzymic oxidation of cinnamylamine, is utilized in a sensitive continuous spectrophotometric assay for both enzymes in the rat and for the assay of a purified monoamine oxidase B from bovine liver. PMID- 3223961 TI - Monoclonal antibody detection of prolactin-binding subunits in the rabbit mammary gland. AB - The structure of prolactin (PRL) receptor in the rabbit mammary gland was examined using a receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb). The PRL receptor preparation used was purified by making use of a PRL-affinity column. MAb inhibited the binding of PRL to the receptor, in a dose-dependent manner and completely at a high concentration. Using the receptor directly labelled by 125I, the preparation was incubated with MAbs and the immune complex was collected by Pansorbin and examined by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The autoradiography showed that three species with apparent Mr values of 77,000, 41,000 and 25,000 specifically reacted with MAbs. The pattern changed little in the presence or absence of dithiothreitol. Western blot analysis showed that two species (Mr 77,000 and 41,000) reacted with MAb. Affinity labelling of the receptor with labelled PRL revealed three bands with Mr values of 96,000, 60,000 and 43,000 on SDS gels. The high-Mr complex (Mr greater than 200,000) was always present at the top of the gel. These results show that the mammary gland contains at least three PRL-binding subunits. The differences in Mr before and after PRL binding were close to the Mr of PRL. This would suggest that each PRL binding subunit reacts with one PRL molecule. PMID- 3223962 TI - Activity of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in rat liver mitochondria and in rat liver. AB - Four mitochondrial marker enzymes were used to show that: (1) high-protein (24%) diet increased the rat liver concentration and content of total branched-chain 2 oxo acid dehydrogenase complex (BCDC) by 31% by increasing mitochondrial specific activity of BCDC; (2) starvation increased the liver concentration of BCDC by 25% by decreasing liver weight; the liver content of mitochondria and the mitochondrial specific activity of BCDC were unchanged; (3) protein-free diet decreased rat liver BCDC concentration and content by 20%, by decreasing the liver concentration and content of mitochondria. Protein-free diet increased liver mitochondrial specific activities of L-glutamate, 2-oxoglutarate and NAD isocitrate dehydrogenases. The validity of a mitochondrial method for the determination of the liver concentration of BCDC and the percentage in the active form in vivo is confirmed, and improvements are described. The experimental basis of criticisms of its use in this regard by Zhang, Paxton, Goodwin, Shimomura & Harris [(1987) Biochem. J. 246, 625-631] was not confirmed. The finding by Harris, Powell, Paxton, Gillim & Nagae [(1985) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 243, 542 555], that starvation has no effect on the percentage of BCDC in the active form in rat liver, is confirmed. PMID- 3223963 TI - The relationship between changes in lipid fuel availability and tissue fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentrations and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activities in the fed state. AB - An elevated concentration of non-esterified fatty acids in the fed state elicited inhibition of cardiac, but not hepatic, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). There was a modest decline in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) concentration in heart, and, to a lesser extent, in liver. Surgical stress decreased PDH activities and Fru-2,6-P2 concentrations in both heart and liver. Only the former response was abolished if postoperative lipolysis was inhibited. Surgery also decreased the [Fru-2,6-P2] in gastrocnemius: this response was abolished if lipolysis was inhibited. PMID- 3223964 TI - The human gastrin precursor. Characterization of phosphorylated forms and fragments. AB - There is a potential phosphorylation site in the C-terminal region of the precursor for the acid-stimulating hormone gastrin, which is immediately adjacent to an important cleavage point. In the present study we have sought to identify, separate, quantify and characterize phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of human progastrin and its fragments. Identification was made by two radioimmunoassays: (a) a novel assay employing an antibody raised to intact human progastrin; and (b) an assay using antibody reacting with the C-terminal tryptic fragment of human progastrin, as well as progastrin itself. Two forms of human progastrin isolated from a gastrinoma were separated by ion-exchange h.p.l.c., and had similar elution positions on reverse-phase h.p.l.c. and on gel filtration. The more acidic peptide contained close to equimolar amounts of phosphate. On trypsinization, peptides were released that co-eluted on ion exchange h.p.l.c. with, and had the immunochemical properties of, naturally occurring C-terminal fragments of progastrin. One of the latter was isolated and shown by Edman degradation after derivatization with ethanethiol to have the sequence Ser (P)-Ala-Glu-Asp-Glu-Asn. Similar peptides occur in antral mucosa resected from ulcer patients. The unphosphorylated forms of progastrin predominated, whereas the phosphorylated forms of the C-terminal fragments were predominant. This distribution could be explained by preferential cleavage of phosphorylated progastrin. We conclude that in human progastrin, Ser-96 can occur in the phosphorylated form; this residue immediately follows a pair of basic residues (Arg-Arg) that are cleaved during synthesis of the biologically active product. PMID- 3223965 TI - Inhibitors of membrane transport system for organic anions block fura-2 excretion from PC12 and N2A cells. AB - The neuroblastoma-like cell line N2A and the pheochromocytoma-like cell line PC12 excrete about 20-25% of the intracellular fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura-2 during 10 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. The drug probenecid, known to inhibit membrane systems for the transport of organic anions [Cunningham, Israili & Dayton (1981) Clin. Pharmacol. 6, 135-151], inhibited fura-2 excretion in both cell types. However, probenecid also had untoward effects on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in N2A and PC12 cells. We therefore tested the drug sulphinpyrazone, another known inhibitor of organic-anion transport systems. Sulphinpyrazone fully inhibited excretion of fura-2 at 250 microM, a concentration one order of magnitude lower than that of probenecid. At this concentration and for incubation times up to 20 min, sulphinpyrazone had no untoward effects on cell viability and metabolic functions. Fura-2 was also loaded into the cytoplasm of N2A cells by permeabilization of the plasma membrane with extracellular ATP. In this case as well, the dye was rapidly released from the cells and the efflux was blocked by sulphinpyrazone. These findings suggest that N2A and PC12 cells possess a membrane system for the transport of the free-acid form of fura-2. This transport system is probably responsible for the excretion of fura-2 from these cells. Incubation of N2A and PC12 cells with sulphinpyrazone may help overcome problems arising in the investigation of [Ca2+]i homeostasis in these cell types. PMID- 3223966 TI - Identification and characterization of enamel proteinases isolated from developing enamel. Amelogeninolytic serine proteinases are associated with enamel maturation in pig. AB - During tooth formation nearly all of the protein matrix of enamel is removed before final mineralization. To study this process, enamel proteins and proteinases were extracted from pig enamel at different stages of tooth development. In the enamel maturation zones, the major enamel matrix proteins, the amelogenins, were rapidly processed and removed. Possibly associated with this process in vivo are two groups of proteinases which were identified in the enamel extracts by enzymography using amelogenin-substrate and gelatin-substrate polyacrylamide gels and by the degradation in vitro of guanidinium chloride extracted amelogenins. One group of proteinases with gelatinolytic activity consisted of several neutral metalloendoproteinases having Mr values from 62,000 to 130,000. These proteinases were inactive against amelogenins, casein and albumin, and were present in approximately equal proportions in enamel at all developmental stages. In the other group, two serine proteinases, with apparent non-reduced Mr of 31,000 and 36,000 exhibited amelogeninolytic activity. The substrate preference of the enamel serine proteinases was indicated by their limited degradation of casein and their inability to degrade gelatin and albumin. Contrasting with the distribution of the metalloendoproteinase enzymes, the serine proteinases were found only in the enamel scrapings taken from late maturing enamel. The amelogenin degradation patterns in vivo, observed in the enamel scrapings, were similar to those produced in assays in vitro using partially purified fractions of enamel proteinases and amelogenin substrate. Together, these data strongly indicate an important role for the serine proteinases, and possibly the gelatinolytic proteinases, in the organized processing of the enamel protein matrix during enamel formation. PMID- 3223968 TI - Is there induced DNA repair in mammalian cells? PMID- 3223969 TI - The human genome sequence: what will it do for us? PMID- 3223967 TI - The synthesis and properties of peptidylmethylsulphonium salts with two cationic residues as potential inhibitors of prohormone processing. AB - Peptidylmethylsulphonium salts incorporating consecutive basic residues at the C terminus of the peptidyl portion such as -Arg-Arg-, -Arg-Lys-, -Lys-Lys- and -Lys Arg- were synthesized and examined as proteinase inhibitors. Serine proteinases with a specificity directed towards hydrolysis at cationic residues were found to be unaffected by these derivatives. On the other hand, cysteine proteinases, cathepsin B and, in particular, clostripain were readily inactivated by affinity labelling. The reagents thus are of promise for the study of prohormone processing promoted by cysteine proteinases. PMID- 3223970 TI - Effect of nimodipine on brightness discrimination learning test in Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Nimodipine (Nimotop) was administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in order to investigate its ameliorative effect on central nervous disorders associated with hypertension. Discrimination learning was used as the dependent variable. In normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats, the ratio of correct: incorrect responses in a brightness discrimination was not different between the nimodipine group and the vehicle group. However, SHR, which displayed decreased discrimination learning ability under control conditions, showed a remarkable improvement in discrimination learning under the influence of nimodipine. This was probably because the vasodilative action of nimodipine produced improvements in circulation in various organs including the brain, which in turn influenced learning ability. Nimodipine has very effective actions on learning performance that low levels of discrimination ability in SHR might be improved on learning performance on schedule controlled learning task. PMID- 3223971 TI - [Light and electron microscopic studies on the dose and time dependency of the hepatotoxicity of benzopyrones]. AB - Both male and female Wistar rats were treated with daily oral doses of a combination of the active components coumarin and troxerutin (Venalot-Depot) corresponding to 1, 8, 64 and 128 mg coumarin/kg b.w., respectively. Goal of the study was to study coumarin at the target organ liver for a longer period, after it had turned out from a fertility and teratogenicity study that liver alterations were observed in the P-generation following the elevated doses' treatment up to 10 weeks (male) and 3 weeks (female). Light and electron microscopic examinations of the livers revealed the following findings: The lesions are dose- and time-dependent. First signs of coumarin-induced hepatocellular alterations are fine granular protein-like precipitations in the region of the sER (smooth endoplasmatic reticulum) which conflux to large areas. The glycogen content decreases significantly at the same time. This is followed by an osmotically controlled water redistribution in the cytoplasm and an increased water inflow from the extracellular space (vacuolar degeneration) as well as an overload of the cytoplasm with lipids, taken in by nutrition. Doses of 64 and 128 mg/kg b.w. of the test substance produced extensive hepatic alterations, associated with hypertrophy of the liver, with a focal onset in the globular periphery, subsequently extending to peripheral and intermediate lobular areas. Since light or electron microscopic alterations were not observed following doses of 1 and 8 mg/kg b.w., the dose of 8 mg coumarin/kg b.w. can be determined as no effect dose for the rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223972 TI - [Effects of antirheumatics on the glycosaminoglycan distribution pattern of fetal tibia cultured in vitro]. AB - The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution pattern of murine fetal tibiae cultured for 6 days in vitro was determined and the effects of drugs on the growth of the tibia explants in vitro, on their total GAG content and on their GAG distribution pattern were studied. The explants contained chondroitin-4-sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate in a relation of about 4:1; hyaluronic acid was not detected. During the incubation period of 6 days in vitro a mean increase in size of 47% and of the total GAG content of about 80-90% was observed; the GAG distribution pattern was practically unchanged. Incubation of the explants in a medium without ascorbic acid by contrast to a medium containing ascorbic acid (5 and 50 micrograms/ml) lead to a reduction of growth and total GAG content. The nonsteroidal antiphlogistic drugs phenylbutazone (20 and 200 micrograms/ml), ibuprofen (25 and 200 micrograms/ml) and alclofenac (25 and 400 micrograms/ml) effected a concentration dependent decrease of the growth and of the GAG content of the explants mainly due to a reduction of chondroitin-4-sulfate. Prednisolone (10 micrograms/ml) caused a significant increase of the GAG content of the explants leaving their GAG distribution pattern nearly unchanged. Aurothioglucose (400 micrograms/ml) induced a reduction of the growth and of the GAG content of the explants without altering the GAG distribution. Under low concentrations of Na-pentosanpolysulfate (5 micrograms/ml) an increase in growth and in the GAG content by a nearly unaltered GAG distribution pattern was observed, high concentrations (200 micrograms/ml), however, caused a reduction of growth and of the GAG content. PMID- 3223973 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of isosorbide nitrates after repeated doses of sustained release isosorbide dinitrate. AB - The plasma kinetics of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), isosorbide-5-nitrate (IS-5-N) and isosorbide-2-nitrate (IS-2-N) were investigated in 20 healthy male and female volunteers, after b.i.d. administration over 2 days of sustained release ISDN 20 mg and 40 mg capsules (Iso Mack Retard 20 mg and 40 mg) and of a 40 mg sustained release ISDN tablet as reference formulation. The means of the individual maximum ISDN concentrations during the complete 2-day treatment amounted to 10.4 ng/ml after the 40 mg capsule, 5.3 ng/ml after the 20 mg capsule and 5.3 ng/ml after the reference tablet. The corresponding figures of the metabolically generated IS 5-N were 355.5 ng/ml, 168.8 ng/ml and 161.5 ng/ml, respectively. The measured amounts of IS-5-N are expected to contribute to the overall antianginal effect of at least the 40 mg capsule. According to the b.i.d. schedule, ISDN and the two mononitrates accumulated in the plasma after all three tested formulations. However, during the treatment with the 20 mg and the 40 mg capsules, accumulation was practically completed at the second day, while it was found to be more extended during treatment with the reference product. In terms of areas under the curve, the mean bioavailability of the 40 mg sustained release capsule relative to the reference formulation was 198% with respect to ISDN, and 197% both with respect to IS-2-N and IS-5-N. On the other hand, perfect dose-linearity of all relevant pharmacokinetic parameters of all three measured isosorbide nitrates was observed for the 20 mg and the 40 mg dose of the capsule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223974 TI - Effects of propafenone on directly measured sinoatrial conduction time. AB - Electrophysiologic investigation of the effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) is conditioned by the inadequacies of indirect methods employing premature or asynchronous atrial stimulation. Direct recording of sinus node electrogram (SNE) is unaffected by the limitations of the indirect methods and is particularly useful when the effect of a drug on SACT is to be studied. In the present study the effect of propafenone on SACT directly (D) measured from SNE in 12 patients (7 male and 5 female subjects, 61 +/- 10 years) with normal sinus node function (NSNF) was investigated. DSACT, sinus node cycle length (SCL) and corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) were evaluated before and 20 min after i.v. administration of 1 mg/kg propafenone. The following results (mean +/- SD) were obtained: in control condition SCL was 854 +/- 143 ms; CSNRT 316 +/- 82 ms; DSACT 88 +/- 20 ms. After propafenone SCL was 849 +/- 119 ms; CSNRT 340 +/- 93 ms; DSACT 97 +/- 15 ms (p less than 0.05). DSACT ranged from 60 to 105 ms and from 60 to 120 ms, respectively, before and after propafenone. In conclusion, in patients with NSNF propafenone 1. does not affect sinus node automatism and 2. prolongs significantly DSACT, which, however, remains within the upper normal limit. PMID- 3223975 TI - Lack of detectable DNA alkylation for bromhexine in man. AB - It is known that in vitro incubation of the expectorant drug bromhexine (N-methyl N-cyclohexyl-(2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)-ammonium hydrochloride) with nitrite yields methylcyclohexyl nitrosamine (NMCA). NMCA is capable of methylating DNA when administered to rats. In vivo tests with bromhexine have also demonstrated that the drug methylates DNA when it is orally administered in the presence of sodium nitrite, presumably due to the intragastric formation of NMCA. In this study the potential of bromhexine to methylate nucleic acids in man, under physiological conditions, has been investigated. 20 volunteers were orally administered on each of three successive days 48 mg of bromhexine hydrochloride, labelled with three deuterium atoms in the N-methyl group. Urine was collected before treatment and subsequent to the last dose, and analysed by GC-MS for d0- and d3-7-methylguanine. 7-Methylguanine is naturally occurring in urine owing to the turnover of t-RNA of which it is a minor constituent. It is also a repair product from nucleic acids methylated by carcinogens, which is known to be excreted unmetabolised largely within 24 h of the methylation process. Unlabelled 7-methylguanine was present at levels of 7.36 +/- 2.43 mg/d in control urine and 6.12 +/- 2.36 mg/d in treated urine, in accord with previously published values. The excretion of isotopically labelled 7-methylguanine averaged 0.43 +/- 0.077% of the unlabelled concentration for control urines and 0.44 +/- 0.066% for treated urines, i.e. no d3-7-methylguanine could be detected following the drug treatment. The observed signals were largely accounted for by the naturally occurring isotopes 13C and 15N.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3223976 TI - Lack of detectable N-nitroso-N-methyl-N-cyclohexylamine in humans after administration of bromhexine. AB - The possible formation of N-nitroso-N-methyl-N-cyclohexylamine (NMCA) from the drug bromhexine (N-methyl-N-cyclohexyl-(2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)-ammonium hydrochloride) and nitrite was investigated in humans using three different approaches: 1. analysis on metabolites of NMCA in human urine; 2. analysis on NMCA in human gastric juice; 3. in vitro incubation of human gastric juice with therapeutic bromhexine doses. Diet given to volunteers was varied during these investigations with respect to nitrate content. Experiments with a maximum load of 200 mg nitrate to stimulate nitrite formation were performed. Results of in vivo experiments did not indicate any formation of NMCA. In one out of 39 ex vivo/in-vitro experiments (with a load of 100 mg nitrate in drinking water) 0.5 ng NMCA/ml gastric juice could be detected which is near the detection limit. Finally, this study showed that bromhexine is not secreted by saliva. This allows to conclude that nitrite and bromhexine do not reach the stomach simultaneously over a longer period of time. In consequence, medication with bromhexine is not regarded to represent a risk due to nitrosamine formation. PMID- 3223977 TI - Nitrosation of bromhexine and aminophenazone in gastric juice after high nitrate loading in the diet. An ex-vivo/in-vitro study in humans. AB - In an ex-vivo study, nitrosation of bromhexine (N-methyl-N-cyclohexyl-(2-amino 3,5-dibromobenzyl)-ammonium hydrochloride) in human gastric fluid under conditions of high dietary nitrate intake was investigated. 26 healthy volunteers received 200 mg of nitrate in a vegetable during a standard breakfast. Nitrite values in saliva were significantly increased 2 to 3 h after nitrate intake. In contrast, nitrite levels in gastric fluid sampled 3 h after nitrate intake remained in the low concentration range of less than or equal to 1.7 micrograms/No2-/ml. Incubation of gastric fluid samples at 37 degrees C with the recommended maximum single oral dose of bromhexine (16 mg/100 ml) or an equimolar concentration of aminophenazone revealed in 4/26 cases formation of N nitrosomethylcyclohexylamine from bromhexine at barely detectable levels. In contrast, aminophenazone generated N-nitrosodimethylamine at a very high rate, resulting in yields of greater than 50% in several samples. In view of the average daily background exposure to preformed nitrosamines in foods (0.5-1 microgram/capita), according to these results the possible contribution of in vivo nitrosation of bromhexine corresponds at best to 10% in addition to the daily background exposure and therefore can be regarded as negligible. PMID- 3223978 TI - Drug-protein interactions. A study of levamisole-serum albumin complex by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. AB - The chemical interaction of levamisole with human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated using the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Binding to HSA occurs primarily with the imidazolidine and thiazolidine groups of levamisole as it has been demonstrated by selective changes in the relaxation times and the chemical shifts of the protons attached to the carbon atoms. The complex appears as the result of a weak linkage and may play a primordial role in the protein-protein interaction. PMID- 3223979 TI - New regression function for absorption kinetics. AB - A new formula for regression analysis is given to describe the concentration values gained experimentally following extravascular administration (oral and intramuscular). Since it is a correction to the equations for the open one- or two-compartment model, the advantages of clinical interpretation are retained, and it is easy to gain starting values. The new equation not only ensures much better emulation near the curve maximum, but is also applicable for curves with a broadened maximum or with two peaks. PMID- 3223982 TI - An ordinal multivariate analysis of accident counts as functions of traffic approach volumes at intersections. AB - This research is concerned with the statistical analysis of accident counts at nonsignalized intersections. The objective is to develop a method for determining general (nonlinear) relationships between approach volumes and accident counts. The method must accommodate the testing of whether intersections of differing physical designs have higher or lower rates of accidents than predicted by traffic levels. It is assumed that only aggregate data are available: (1) counts of total accidents by type (e.g., injury versus property damage) without details concerning the locational position(s) of the vehicle(s) involved; and (2) aggregate traffic intensity on each intersection entry without details concerning turning volumes. The method involves the application of nonlinear multivariate methods to variables treated as ordinal scales. A case study application involving four-leg and three-leg ("T") nonsignalized major arterial intersections in the Netherlands is described. The effect of bicycle traffic on accident rates is included in the case study analysis. The results indicate that there are three groups of each of the two types of intersections based on traffic flow patterns. For each group, a different functional form was found to relate accident rates and specific variables measuring traffic volumes. There were no significant differences among the physical design categories of the intersections in each group that were not accounted for by differences in traffic intensities. PMID- 3223980 TI - Acute postbronchodilator changes in pulmonary function parameters in patients with chronic airways obstruction. AB - Pulmonary function studies were performed before and after one-time administration of an inhaled bronchodilator to ascertain the relative diagnostic value of using FVC, FEF25-75%, static lung volumes, Raw, and/or sGaw measurements, in addition to the FEV1, to assess the reversibility of chronic airways obstruction in nonasthmatic patients. A total of 517 patients underwent 686 spirometric tests, 264 (38 percent) of which disclosed a significant response to bronchodilators. In 247 (93 percent) studies, this response included a significant change in FEV1 and/or FEF25-75%, while in 17 studies (7 percent), the postbronchodilator improvement was seen exclusively in the FVC measurement. It is concluded that, in the clinical setting, analyzing static lung volumes, Raw, sGaw, and spirometric parameters other than the FEV1, seldom yields meaningful additional information regarding the reversibility of chronic airways obstruction in nonasthmatic patients. Finally, potentially misleading results can be seen in a relatively small proportion of studies due to errors in the FVC and/or FEF25 75% measurements. PMID- 3223981 TI - Changes in periventricular vasculature of rabbit brain following induction of hydrocephalus and after shunting. AB - Hydrocephalus was induced in rabbits by injection of silicone oil into the cisterna magna. At 1 and 8 weeks postinjection the rabbits were either sacrificed or treated by cerebrospinal fluid shunting for 1 week. Blood vessel profiles in the periventricular neuropil were examined by light microscopy. In the caudate nucleus, septal area, and corpus callosum, hydrocephalus caused a reduction in the number of capillaries but no changes were observed in the number of larger blood vessels. Shunting reduced the size of the ventricles to normal and the number of capillaries increased if hydrocephalus was present for 1 week prior to shunting. If hydrocephalus was present for 8 weeks prior to shunting, the number of capillaries did not increase. These observations support the concept that collapse of capillaries may account for the decreased cerebral blood flow that has been measured in hydrocephalic brains. PMID- 3223983 TI - Characteristics of three- and four-wheeled all-terrain vehicle accidents in Quebec. AB - During a seven-month survey from May to November 1985, 624 victims injured from three- or four-wheeled all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) were observed in the emergency rooms of 10 regional hospitals in Quebec. A total of 1,100 injuries were identified, including 3 fatal and 104 serious to critical injuries (AIS greater than or equal to 3). These injuries were to the lower limb (29%), the upper limb (28%), the head, neck, and face (26%), and the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis (18%). Close to one-half (45%) of the victims were 19 years old and less; 54% reported wearing helmets. Ten percent of the victims were hospitalized for an average period of 8 days. In 70% of the cases, the vehicle overturned: half of these vehicles turned on the side, 27% toward the back, and 19% flipped forward. Two thirds of persons injured were involved in accidents in which no external objects were hit by the vehicle; these accidents typically involved vehicle overturns, both on hills and on level ground. Ninety-five percent of the vehicles were in good mechanical condition. The use of these vehicles presents a danger whether used by a child or an adult, by an experienced or an inexperienced rider. The average user may not be aware that three- and four-wheel ATVs demand considerable skill and caution. We suggest the use of accident reconstruction studies for possible engineering solutions. PMID- 3223985 TI - Seventh Winter Workshop on Pteridines. Biochemical and clinical aspects of pteridines. Arlberg, Austria, February 27th-March 5, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3223986 TI - Rapid methods for the high yield synthesis of carbon-13 enriched intermediates of the pentose-phosphate pathway. AB - Methods for the synthesis of carbon-13 enriched substrates, intermediates and products of the pentose-phosphate pathway, viz. ribose, arabinose, xylulose and ribulose 5-phosphates, sedoheptulose mono- and bisphosphates, octulose (both the ido- and altro-epimers) mono- and bisphosphates, are described. The procedure of the classical Kiliani synthesis was adopted for the preparation of the two starting compounds, [1-13C]ribose and [1-13C]arabinose 5-phosphates. Using these initial reactants and enzymic methods involving the group-transferring enzymes, transketolase, aldolase and transaldolase, a variety of specifically 13C-labelled five-, six-, seven- and eight-carbon sugar phosphates were synthesized in high yield and purity. The isolation and authenticity of each of the 13C-labelled sugars were established by column, paper and thin layer chromatographic methods and specific enzymic assays. The purity and positional isotopic analysis of these sugar-P's were confirmed by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. These specifically 13C-enriched compounds are required for enzymatic, mechanistic and quantitative investigations of pentose-pathway reactions in animal, plant and tumour tissues in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3223984 TI - Effects of license revocation on drunk-driving offenders. AB - Revoking or suspending the licenses of persons convicted of driving while intoxicated has often been claimed to be uniquely effective in reducing subsequent dangerous driving, as indexed by crashes and violations. This finding holds despite the impression that many suspended and revoked drivers continue to drive illegally. The research described here inquires into the operation of license actions. It uses intensive personal interviews with offenders to obtain information concerning the nature and amount of illegal driving and the effects of license deprivation on employment and other aspects of the offenders' lives. PMID- 3223987 TI - Further characterization of porcine kidney aminoacylase I reveals close similarity to 'renal dipeptidase'. AB - We present data indicating that aminoacylase I (EC 3.5.1.14) from porcine kidney and 'renal dipeptidase' (EC 3.4.13.11) are closely related. We show that, in situ, a considerable fraction of aminoacylase activity ist attached to membranes. Incubation of washed microsomal membranes with phospholipase C from B. cereus results in the rapid solubilization of aminoacylase I, suggesting that aminoacylase--as shown for renal dipeptidase before--bears a glycolipid 'membrane anchor'. In agreement with this assumption, purified aminoacylase was found to contain myo-inositol, a characteristic component of phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins. A reexamination of the molecular mass of purified aminoacylase yielded values (46,000 +/- 2,000 Da by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis, 98,000 +/- 5,000 Da by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation) similar to those reported for renal dipeptidase. The enzymes coelute during most of the procedures applied in the purification of aminoacylase or renal dipeptidase, but can be separated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. A survey of the literature revealed a series of additional features of aminoacylase I and renal dipeptidase (amino-acid composition, isoelectric points, metal dependence, and more) that are strikingly similar. PMID- 3223988 TI - Enzymatic dehalogenation of 4-chlorobenzoate by extracts from Arthrobacter sp. SU DSM 20407. AB - In extracts from Arthrobacter sp. SU DSM 20407 an enzyme was detectable, that converted 4-chlorobenzoate into 4-hydroxybenzoate. This conversion was also observed when no oxygen was present in the reaction mixture. Boiling for 5 min destroyed the enzyme activity. 4-Bromo- and 4-iodobenzoate were substrates for the enzyme too, but not 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-chlorophenylacetate and 4 chlorocinnamic acid. The enzyme showed optimum activity at 16 degrees C and at pH 7-7.5. The specific activity in the extracts varied between 0.5 and 5 mU/mg of protein. Zn2+ and Cu2+ inhibited the enzyme, while H2O2 slightly activated. In contrast to all other 4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenases described before the enzyme was not inhibited by EDTA, nor was it activated by Mn2+. Other divalent ions also had no effect. The molecular mass of the enzyme was 45,000 +/- 5,000 Da as judged by gel-filtration. PMID- 3223989 TI - ADP-ribosyl proteins formed by pertussis toxin are specifically cleaved by mercury ions. AB - Various types of ADP-ribosyl protein conjugates were synthesized and their chemical stability was compared with that of cysteine-linked ADP-ribosyl groups as formed by incubation of transducin or Gi/Go proteins with NAD and pertussis toxin. Treatment with 0.1 mM HgCl2 specifically cleaved the cysteine-linked conjugates. This may provide a tool for the quantitation of modified Gi/Go proteins as well as of other acceptors modified by ADP-ribose at cysteine residues in the presence of other ADP-ribosyl proteins. PMID- 3223991 TI - Similar binding sites for unsaturated fatty acids and alkyl 2-pyrone inhibitors of human sputum elastase. AB - Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that oleic acid and 3-(1'-oxo-7' carboxyheptyl)-4-hydroxy-6-octyl-2-pyrone (and other 3,6-dialkyl-2-pyrones) occupy the same binding region on human sputum elastase. The mechanism of inhibition is strongly dependent on the substitution pattern of the 2-pyrone, and these mechanisms correlate with those of oleic acid and 11-undecenoic acid ("half oleic acid"). Based on the assumption that the 2-pyrone moiety and the double bond of the fatty acids bind to the same region of elastase (subsite S3), we believe that the alkyl chain points towards the S1 subsite, with the carboxylate anion fragment pointing away and probably associated with positively charged Arg217. (subsite S4 or S5). PMID- 3223990 TI - Tyrosine O-sulfate ester in proteoglycans. AB - Tyrosine O-sulfate residues were detected in the protein core of sulfated proteoglycans. When cultured skin fibroblasts and arterial smooth muscle cells were incubated in the presence of [35S]sulfate, dermatan sulfate proteoglycan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan isolated from the culture medium contained tyrosine [35S]sulfate ester which accounted for 0.03%-0.82% of total 35S radioactivity incorporated into the sulfated proteoglycans. This corresponds to a tyrosine sulfation of every second (fibroblasts) and every 10th (smooth muscle cells) dermatan sulfate proteoglycan molecule. [3H]Tyrosine labeling of fibroblast dermatan sulfate proteoglycan gave a similar stoichiometry. However, the relative proportion of tyrosine [35S]sulfate in proteoglycans from arterial tissue was about 10 times higher than in that from cultured arterial cells. Pulse chase experiments with [35S]sulfate revealed that tyrosine sulfation is a late event in the biosynthesis of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan from fibroblasts and occurs immediately prior to secretion. Cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient with a progeroid variant (Kresse et al. 1987, Am. J. Hum. Gen. 41, 436-453) which exhibit a partial deficiency to synthesize dermatan sulfate proteoglycan were shown to form and to secrete a tyrosine-sulfated but glycosaminoglycan-free protein core, thus confirming a selective and independent [35S]sulfate labeling of the protein core. PMID- 3223992 TI - [Female alcoholics in road traffic]. PMID- 3223993 TI - [Alcohol and drugs as social problems in Norway]. PMID- 3223994 TI - [Regulations for improvement and safety, especially withdrawing the driver's license of adolescents and young adults]. PMID- 3223995 TI - [Swiss traffic problems]. PMID- 3223996 TI - [Isolation in the Ferrara province of Campylobacter thermophile from man, animals, food and the environment during the 2-year period 1984-1985]. AB - During a two-years period (1984-1985), thermophilic campylobacters were sought in materials of various origin: isolation rates were as follows: from 1680 stool specimens of enteropathic patients, 6.0%; from 1920 stool specimens of asymptomatic subjects, 0.5%; from 325 stool specimens of healthy animals, belonging to 5 different species, 51.7%; from 106 meat samples of 6 different species, 32.1%; from 194 samples of raw milk, 0.5%; from 43 samples of surface waters, 37.2%; from 150 samples of waste water, 4.0%. 286 Campylobacter strains were typed according to the Skirrow's scheme: C. jejuni biot. 1 represented 64.0% of isolates, followed by C. coli (29.7%), unclassified Campylobacters (5.6%), C. fetus (0.3%) and C. jejuni biot. 2 (0.3%). PMID- 3223997 TI - Adoptive transfer of immunity with peritoneal exudate cells to the cestode Hymenolepis nana. AB - Under certain conditions, peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) removed from Hymenolepis nana-eggs infected mice, transferred to normal recipients severely inhibited the establishment of worms from a challenge infection, as expected in an immune state. A close relationship was observed between numbers of challenge worms and immune response. A significant effect was clearly demonstrable when the highest dose of eggs (150) was used, but the effect was less and not significant different when a smaller doses (30) was administered. PMID- 3223998 TI - Hypersensitivity to chironomid Chironomus salinarius (non-biting midge living in the lagoon of Venice) in a child with serious skin and respiratory symptoms. AB - We are here describing the case of a ten-year-old child, without any allergyc family antecedent, who presented a growing skin and respiratory symptomatology in contact with swarms of non-biting midges Chironomus Salinarius in the summers 1984-1985-1986. These diptera have been greatly multiplying since the beginning of the summer 1982. The skin tests and the RAST-ELISA with common air-borne allergens resulted negative. On the contrary the prick-test with a suspension of the entire body of the Chironomus Salinarius and the radio-allergo-sorbent-test, specially prepared, resulted strongly positive. We point out that the massive reproduction of these midges, which may provoke allergy, in drainage areas and lagoons is a consequence of man interference on the natural water equilibrium. PMID- 3223999 TI - [The problem of screening for HIV infection in mentally retarded institutionalized subjects]. AB - Screening programs for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have been proposed to several categories of persons at increased risk for AIDS. On the other hand, it is still controversial if people with mental retardation may be candidates for mandatory screening. In our opinion, the reduced competence and diminished autonomy that characterize institutionalized mentally retarded subjects, it might be appropriate those who are uninfected from possible human immunodeficiency virus infection. PMID- 3224000 TI - Effect of screening and referral on follow-up and treatment of high blood cholesterol levels. AB - Public screening for elevated blood cholesterol has become a common practice, supported by national recommendations. However, little is known about the response to referral for medical follow-up of those found to have high cholesterol levels. During a one-year period, 424 adults from a population-based screening and education program were referred to medical care after twice having elevated blood cholesterol levels. When they were remeasured approximately six months later, they were contacted for a telephone interview and 98% agreed to participate. While 82% remembered the referral, only 57% had actually visited a physician. An additional 8% had had telephone contact with a physician. Of the 237 who visited a physician, 76% had a cholesterol determination done during the first visit and 76% were advised to alter their diet by changing their fat consumption or losing weight. Referral to a nutritionist was suggested for 16%. Of the 424 participants, 280 (66%) reported substantial dietary change, either self-initiated or as a result of seeing a physician. Nineteen subjects (5%) were on lipid-lowering medication at the time of the interview. These observations suggest that a substantial portion of those screened will obtain follow-up care after two elevated blood cholesterol measurements in a screening setting. However, many never receive attention for this condition. Continued public and physician education is necessary to treat hypercholesterolemic individuals appropriately. PMID- 3224001 TI - Population screening and referral for hypercholesterolemia. AB - To determine the potential effect of screening on referral patterns, an adult population sample (4,404 men, 5,164 women, 20-69 years of age) was systematically recruited and screened for hypercholesterolemia and then analyzed by different cholesterol referral recommendations. Using levels suggested by the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (greater than or equal to 265 mg/dL), 7.3% of men and 5.8% of women would be referred for follow-up. With the suggested recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), (greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL), 49.2% of men and 40.2% of women would be referred. The use of age-related definitions of the NIH Consensus Conference on Lipid Lowering results in 28.0% referrals in men and 21.8% in women. From this population, hypercholesterolemia subjects (greater than or equal to 265 mg/dL at screening; n = 624) were invited for a second cholesterol determination (58% returned), which found 36% below the 265 mg/dL level. Population screening for cholesterol is likely to produce large numbers of patients for follow-up, with the actual numbers strongly dependent on cutoff levels and age-sex distributions. Referral and follow-up of these patients may place a significant load on an unprepared health care community. PMID- 3224002 TI - Impact of public education and continuing medical education on physician attitudes and behavior concerning cholesterol. AB - Current physician attitudes and behavior concerning elevated blood cholesterol, recent changes, and reasons for change were measured in a survey of physicians in two cities. Those in a community with both continuing medical and public education programs reported changing their practice significantly over the past two years, more so than those in a comparison community. The physicians did not identify specific elements of a continuing medical education program as important in these differences. Physicians in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, identified requests from the public as important and statistically significant factors in their changed behavior, suggesting that the public education program has become an important influence on physician behavior. PMID- 3224004 TI - Methodological alternatives for measuring premature mortality. AB - Although crude and age-adjusted mortality statistics are frequently used to quantify public health problems, they are heavily influenced by the underlying disease processes of the elderly. Alternative measures have been developed to reflect the mortality experience of younger age groups (i.e., premature mortality). We evaluated four different methods for tabulating premature mortality, one method weighted by the remaining life expectancy at death and three methods with constant end points using age spans from birth to 65 years, birth to 75 years, and 1 to 65 years. These alternatives provide dramatically different descriptions of premature mortality in the United States in 1984. In general, the constant end-point methods emphasize the different pattern of mortality among younger persons, while premature mortality computed by the remaining life expectancy method more closely resembles the pattern of crude mortality. Although no single method is preferable for all purposes, the constant end-point method best differentiates the leading causes of premature death. PMID- 3224003 TI - A randomized comparison of Worksite-sponsored smoking cessation programs. AB - This worksite study assesses the relative effectiveness of three smoking cessation programs. Computerized medical files indicated that 29% of 13,171 employees were current smokers. Of smokers responding to a worksite-wide survey, 79% indicated interest in a smoking cessation program; 402 smokers agreed to participate and were randomly allocated, within their preference for a group or self-help approach, to the three different programs. Overall, 11% of smokers participated, an excellent rate for a large worksite. Participants were followed for 12 months (91% follow-up). Smokers in the group preference had better short term results than did those following the self-help approach. The Multiple Component Program had 61% who quit, the Relapse Prevention Program had 37%, and the American Cancer Society Quitter's Guide had 12%. Long-term quit rates ranged from 16% to 26%; all groups exceeded the usual spontaneous quit rate of 5%. PMID- 3224005 TI - Family practice physicians' perceptions and practices regarding health promotion for the elderly. AB - This study assessed 321 family practice physicians' perceptions and practices regarding health promotion in the elderly; specifically, whether health promotion is perceived to be beneficial for this segment of the population. A random sample of 250 male and 250 female members of the American Academy of Family Physicians was surveyed. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was assessed, yielding a Cronbach alpha of .84. Respondents were 46% male and 54% female, and 67% of them had completed a residency program. Three-fourths (77%) of the respondents were between 25 and 50 years of age. The majority believed that health promotion counseling is of value to patients of all ages (88%) and that medical schools should devote more attention to preventive medicine (69%). These physicians identified lack of third-party payment, lack of sufficient staff, lack of competence in prescribing prevention programs for the elderly, and finding counseling the elderly about preventive health issues not professionally gratifying as barriers to health promotion of the elderly. All health promotion practices but one listed on the questionnaire were perceived as important by at least half the physicians. Until compensation for health promotion is available and physicians perceive themselves as competent concerning health promotion in the elderly, it is likely their clinical practices and recommendations will lag behind their favorable attitudes toward the topic. PMID- 3224006 TI - The preventive medicine physician: a national study. AB - Following the 1980 Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee report, postal questionnaires were sent to a random sample of physicians self-designated as preventive medicine specialists primarily in an effort to verify the committee's assumption that preventive medicine is not a clinical specialty. The questionnaires represented each of the preventive medicine subspecialties: general preventive medicine, public health, occupational medicine, and aerospace medicine. After three reminders, 419 out of 942 (44%) responded. Seventy percent of the physicians who responded engage in clinical activities for at least part of their workweek. Preventive medicine is practiced in a wide variety of settings. For the majority of preventive medicine physicians, prevention plays an important role in their practice. They perceive that they practice medicine differently from their colleagues who are not preventive medicine specialists because of their prevention focus. Many of these physicians have made career changes, and some have made many such changes, as board certification in one of the subspecialties does not preclude practice in another subspecialty. The specialty appears to allow considerable flexibility. The preventive medicine physician is prepared to incorporate prevention into clinical practice and seems well equipped to integrate community and individual clinical approaches. PMID- 3224007 TI - The demand for doctorally prepared public health personnel in institutions of higher education. AB - We examined the demand for doctorally prepared public health personnel in academia. We developed an unduplicated list of positions advertised during 1983 in several of the nation's public health journals. Based on this, we identified a total of 217 available positions. We surveyed the persons who placed the advertisements regarding their perceptions of the applicant pool, their experiences in filling the positions, and their perceptions of the future supply of doctorally prepared public health personnel. Of the respondents, 93% were in institutions of higher education. Based on their response, it appears that the current supply of doctorally prepared public health personnel is short and is likely to continue to be limited. Respondents had difficulty filling the advertised positions, based on the amount of time necessary to fill the position, and a number of positions had to be modified in order to be filled. Thirty-two percent of the respondents replied that the pool of applicants was low or poor. Thirty-four percent felt there was a shortage of such personnel, and a similar percentage felt there would be a future shortage. Based on our data, we believe that there is now a shortage of doctorally educated public health personnel for academic positions and that this shortage is likely to continue. PMID- 3224009 TI - [Possible adverse effects of phenytoin given transplacentally on the fetal growth. II. Possible adverse effects on the fetal growth]. PMID- 3224010 TI - [A comparison of serial MRI with X-ray CT in a patient with Reye-like syndrome]. PMID- 3224008 TI - [Possible adverse effects of phenytoin given transplacentally on the fetal growth. I. Transplacental transmission of phenytoin]. PMID- 3224011 TI - [The effect of haloperidol and L-dopa on age-dependent epileptic encephalopathy (ADEE)]. PMID- 3224012 TI - [Neuron-specific enolase activity in rubella encephalitis]. PMID- 3224013 TI - [A neuropsychological and electroencephalographic study on atypical pervasive developmental disorder: a benign hyperlexia]. PMID- 3224014 TI - [A case of diploid/tetraploid mosaicism]. PMID- 3224015 TI - [A case of Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy with progressive changes in brain CT scanning]. PMID- 3224016 TI - [Home-stay respiratory management of a child with nemaline myopathy by using a negative pressure-controlled respirator]. PMID- 3224017 TI - [I-III type double heterozygous cystinuria with delayed psychomotor development]. PMID- 3224018 TI - [Experiences of shunt operation with programmable pressure valve in infants with hydrocephalus]. PMID- 3224019 TI - Focal segmental glomerular tip lesions with IgM. A case report. AB - In a 59-year-old man with nephrotic syndrome, immunohistochemical examination of a renal biopsy revealed exudations of IgM localized to peripheral segments of the tufts in some glomeruli. This pattern is known so far to occur only in some cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). In this patient, however, no histological criteria of FSGS were present, nor was the clinical course typical of this disease, being characterized by changing reactions to steroid therapy. The patient was therefore considered to suffer from a disease different from FSGS. The histological lesion may possibly be identical with what has recently been described as the glomerular "tip lesion". PMID- 3224020 TI - Nephropathy after combination chemotherapy of lymphoma. AB - Two patients with malignant (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoblastic type) lymphoma developed chronic renal failure following prolonged combination chemotherapy and a course of radiotherapy to the para-aortic lymph nodes. The individual drugs used in both patients are believed to have very low or no nephrotoxic potential. The kidneys were shielded in a standard manner and no more than 200 rads reached the organs. On biopsy (1 patient) and at autopsy (both patients), the kidneys demonstrated diffuse tubular atrophy, extensive interstitial fibrosis and focal glomerular changes with crescents. There were also severe sclerotic changes in the arteries. The changes bore some similarity to, but were not identical with those seen with radiation nephritis. They probably represent a radiomimetic effect produced by prolonged and repeated combination chemotherapy, perhaps potentiated by the small amount of ionizing radiation. PMID- 3224021 TI - Nuclear DNA content in prostatic carcinoma measured by flow cytometry: a retrospective study on paraffin-embedded tissue. AB - The nuclear DNA content in 67 prostatic carcinomas was measured by flow cytometry of nuclear suspensions prepared from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. A method was developed that provided nuclear suspensions of good quality whether tissue blocks from transurethral resections or transvesical prostatectomies were used. Thirty (43.7%) of the tumors were found to be aneuploid. No significant correlation between clinical stage or histological grade and aneuploidy was demonstrated. PMID- 3224022 TI - Congenital hepatic fibrosis: evolving morphology. AB - A clinicopathologic study of congenital hepatic fibrosis in 21 patients confirms a strong association with autosomal recessive renal polycystic disease. The liver specimens were subclassified into two groups according to the severity of fibrosis, showing typical hepatic abnormalities in young infants (mean age 0.3 years) and increased hepatic fibrosis in older patients (mean age 19.6 yr) (p less than 0.02). Apparent progression to perilobular fibrosis with parenchymal nodularity occasionally resembled cirrhosis when the nodules had a regenerative appearance because of rounded contours and inapparent central veins. Progression of fibrosis was observed in second biopsy specimens from 2 cases, but not in that of a 3rd, suggesting that factors other than the heritable disorder itself may be responsible for evolving morphology. Identifiable factors that may have contributed to increased fibrosis included localized intrahepatic biliary obstruction and biliary sepsis with suppuration. A factor possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of biliary sepsis was intrahepatic biliary ectasia, i.e., Caroli's disease, which appears to be one morphologic expression of CHF. This study shows that the hepatic abnormality evolves over time and that it may be altered by secondary complications. PMID- 3224023 TI - Focal glomerulosclerosis and nephron atrophy in rats on long-term cyclosporine treatment. AB - Although acute cyclosporine nephrotoxicity has been extensively studied both in humans and in experimental animals, little has been written about experimentally induced chronic renal changes after cyclosporine treatment. Groups of rats were therefore given cyclosporin A (CyA), 10 mg/kg pelleted food, for 21, 32 and 66 weeks. This corresponds to a daily CyA dose of 5-6 mg/kg body weight which is comparable to both the minimal immunosuppressive dose in rats and the doses given to patients. Kidney tissue was investigated using light microscopic morphometry and electron microscopy. After 32 wk, mild renal lesions in the form of focal glomerulosclerosis and nephron atrophy were present in the CyA-treated animals but nearly absent in the controls (p less than 0.05). At 66 wk, the changes were extensive in the CyA-treated animals. Similar but much less pronounced changes known as "chronic nephropathy of the rat" were found in the untreated rats. The proportion of glomeruli with segmental lesions was 33% in the CyA-treated animals and 7.5% in the controls (p = 0.014). No significant vascular lesions were found in either group. Electron microscopy confirmed the light microscopic observations but no ultrastructural changes specific for CyA treatment were identified. In conclusion, as with humans, chronic irreversible renal lesions can be induced in the rat by administering moderate doses of CyA over a long period. PMID- 3224024 TI - Renal angiomyolipoma: an ultrastructural investigation of three cases with histogenetic considerations. AB - Renal angiomyolipoma is a rare lesion composed of smooth muscle cells, adipose tissue and abnormal vessels. It is currently classified as a benign, non epithelial renal tumor. It has a high incidence in patients suffering from tuberous sclerosis but is more frequently found as an isolated renal lesion. Three cases of renal angiomyolipoma, 2 of which underwent perfusion-fixation, were studied by electron microscopy to clarify the cellular composition of this lesion. In the smooth muscle cells abundant accumulation of glycogen was found, whereas the lipocytes disclosed normal ultrastructural features. However, a smaller number of smooth muscle cells also contained lipid, thus simulating an intermediate cell stage between adipose- and smooth muscle cells. The abnormal thickening of the subendothelial spaces contained collagen fibrils in a homogeneous matrix, fibroblast-like cells and non-specific vesicular structures. These findings suggest a secondary vascular damage, i.e. the thickened vessels may not be a primary, integral part of renal angiomyolipoma. Evidence of a common precursor cell of renal angiomyolipoma was not disclosed. It is concluded that renal angiomyolipoma is a hamartoma composed of mature adipose cells and smooth muscle cells displaying different degrees of abnormal differentiation. PMID- 3224025 TI - Early renal changes in lithium-treated normal and vasopressin-deficient rats. AB - The effects of lithium (Li) on the kidney were studied in normal Long Evans (LE) rats and in rats of the Brattleboro strain (DI rats) which have a congenital (hypothalamic) diabetes insipidus. The rats received a moderate daily oral dose of Li for 4 weeks. The renal cortex of untreated DI rats showed no changes compared with LE rats, but in their medullary collecting ducts (CD) the cells appeared more voluminous, and by light microscope morphometry (outer medulla) their volume fraction was increased. Furthermore, there was an increase in the enzyme histochemical activities of succinate and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases, most pronounced in the inner medullary zone. Li-treated LE rats and DI rats both showed the same degree of cortical and medullary changes. In the cortex, the light microscope and enzyme histochemical changes were confined to the connecting tubules (CNT) and CD. In the outer and inner medullary zones the increase in CD volume fraction and enzyme activity was much more pronounced than in untreated DI rats. Morphometry of the inner stripe of the outer medullary zone showed the same decrease in the volume fraction of the distal straight tubules (DST) in DI rats with and without Li treatment, as well as in Li-treated LE rats compared with normal LE rats. This decrease may be due to the lack of vasopressin mediated cyclic AMP generation in the DST of these three groups of animals. It is concluded that the changes induced by Li in the DST are likely to be due to impairment of the vasopressin response known to be present in this segment. However, in the CNT and in the cortical and medullary CD there are changes which are effects of Li not related to the cellular actions of vasopressin. PMID- 3224026 TI - Proximal tubules in long-term compensatory renal growth. Quantitative light- and electron-microscopic analyses. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term compensatory growth (CRG) on the dimensions and ultrastructure of the renal proximal tubules. CRG was induced in right kidneys of pigs by subjecting the contralateral (left) kidneys total ureteral obstruction for 10 weeks. The length density (Lv) of proximal tubules was assessed at the light-microscopical level. Peritubular and luminal diameters, volume density (Vv) of mitochondria and surface density (Sv) of basolateral cell membranes were determined on montages of electron micrographs representing entire tubular cross-sections. Kidneys with CRG showed an average increase in weight of approximately 36%. The proximal tubules had near normal cross-sectional dimensions, surface density of basolateral cell membranes and volume density of mitochondria. The length density of proximal tubules was also the same as in control kidneys. However, there was an estimated increase in total proximal tubular length of almost 45%. The present results, combined with observations from short-term studies of CRG, suggest that the proximal tubules undergo a series of structural changes initiated by hypertrophy of cells and organelles and resulting in a state of predominant hyperplasia. PMID- 3224027 TI - Stereological estimates of nuclear volume in the course of primary tumors of the renal pelvis. AB - The aim of this retrospective study was to provide quantitative data which make grading of primary tumors of the renal pelvis objective and reproducible by stereological estimation of nuclear volume using the principle of estimation of the mean volume of particles of arbitrary shape. The study includes 35 kidney specimens with primary transitional cell tumor of the renal pelvis. After standard fixation, embedding, sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining, an unbiased estimate of the mean volume of nuclei sampled with a change proportional to volume: (formula; see text) was calculated. Here 1(0) is the length of the intercept through a test point hitting a nucleus measured in a random direction. The mean nuclear volumes of the tumors are spread over a wide range, from 159 microns 3 to 1.555 microns 3. Ten of 11 patients with nuclear volume above 800 microns 3 died of the disease while only 8 of 24 patients with a mean nuclear volume below 800 microns 3 died of the disease. This simple and fast estimate of mean nuclear volume seems to provide objective data with a high prognostic value. PMID- 3224028 TI - Stereological estimation of the number of capillaries, exemplified by renal glomeruli. AB - A capillary structural unit can be given an unambiguous, topological definition which forms the basis for the practical stereological estimation of the total number of such units in a capillary network. This definition of a capillary is in accordance with the concept of formation of new capillars. The principle is illustrated by the (simple) example of glomerular tufts in the kidney. PMID- 3224029 TI - [Changes in tissue T1 of brain tumor following GD-DTPA administration- differences in T1 time course and tissue-blood ratio by histological types]. AB - Effect of Gd-DTPA on tissue T1 were studied in 10 patients with intracranial tumors, including 4 meningiomas, 2 gliomas, 3 metastatic tumors and 1 brain abscess. T1 values were comparatively measured in the various portions of tumor tissue, peritumoral edema and normal brain before and after intravenous injection of 0.1 mmol Gd-DTPA per kg weight, with the time ranges between 5 and 60 minutes. In vivo T1 was determined by means of field focusing technique of a FONAR QED 80 alpha system (0.05T). T1 values of blood sample were also seriously measured and applied to estimate the enhancement pattern in the varied tumors. Meningiomas showed the maximal decrease of T1 5 minutes after Gd-DTPA administration and rapid recovery of T1 fairly paralleling to that of whole blood. On the other hand, such tumors as gliomas and metastasis revealed very slowly recovery of T1 followed by the similar T1 decrease just after administration of Gd-DTPA. In the portions of peritumoral edema and normal brain, there were no significant changes in tissue T1 by Gd-DTPA administration. In order to evaluate the clearance pattern of Gd-DTPA in tumor tissue, tissue-blood ratio (TBR) was calculated from the relaxation values at the terms of 5 and 30 minutes following Gd-DTPA administration. The ratios of relaxation rates, TBR 30/TBR 5, were ranged from 1.0 to 1.5 in cases of meningiomas, whereas they distributed in the ranges from 1.5 to 3.0 in the other types of brain tumors. This value of TBR 30/TBR 5 convincingly depends upon the differences in histological types of tumors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224030 TI - [Diurnal variation in glucose utilization in the pineal body of the monkey]. AB - We employed the quantitative 2-[14C]-deoxyglucose method (Sokoloff's method) to measure glucose utilization in the pineal gland of pubescent monkeys. Glucose utilization in the pineal was 80-110% higher in the nocturnal, awake animals compared to the rate of both groups studied in the nocturnal, awake animals with both eyes open and with light deprivation for three hours. Short term visual deprivation during the day was without effect on pineal glucose utilization. The diurnal variations in melatonin levels in blood and CSF, higher at night than during the day, are the result of corresponding changes in the rate of production and elaboration of melatonin in the pineal gland. The release of norepinephrine from the postganglionic fiber of the superior cervical ganglia controls the production of melatonin in the pineal by regulating the activity of serotonin-N acetyltransferase. It was reported that electrical stimulation of SCG via sympathetic trunk increased the levels of serotonin-N-acetyltransferase in the pineal and that it also increased glucose utilization in the pineal. It is believed that metabolic increase in the pineal reflects increased activity in sympathetic terminals distributed throughout the gland which stimulate its increase in hormone production. The present results indicate that there is an elevation of pineal metabolic rate at a time when blood and CSF levels of melatonin are known to be elevated Our finding that short-term light deprivation during the day did not affect the pineal metabolic rate is consistent with the result by Reppert et al (1981) in which they found that exposure to darkness during the day does not result in an increase in CSF melatonin. PMID- 3224031 TI - [Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring for hearing preservation in acoustic neurinoma surgery]. AB - Five acoustic neurinomas have been operated with hearing preservation as a goal. We monitored intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in all five cases, electrocochleogram (ECoG) using needle electrode in external auditory meatus in four, and compound action potentials directly recorded from the cochlear nerve (CAP VIII) in three. In all five cases the tumor was totally resected and cochlear nerve was anatomically preserved. However, in only one case useful hearing was preserved with preservation of all wave forms of the BAEP. Another patient with preservation of all wave forms of BAEP and the ECoG showed postoperative severe hearing loss. Other three patients showed postoperative severe hearing loss: only Wave I of BAEP and ECoG were preserved without preservation of the CAP VIII in one whose cochlear nerve was thought to be damaged in cerebellopontine angle cistern; Wave I of BAEP, ECoG and CAP VIII were preserved in one in whom it was suggested cochlear nerve near brainstem or cochlear nucleus was damaged; none of the BAEP, ECoG and CAP VIII was preserved in one in whom it was suggested distal cochlear nerve, or internal auditory artery was damaged. These different patterns of changes suggested that different causes for the hearing loss and difficulties in hearing preservation during acoustic neurinoma surgery. Having identified the putative mechanism of the hearing loss by monitoring those potentials, suggestions are made about how such hearing loss might be avoided. For preservation of the hearing in acoustic neurinoma surgery, all of those potentials including all wave forms of BAEP, ECoG and CAP VIII should be preserved during surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224032 TI - [The findings of auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials in brain death confirmed by the apnea test]. AB - The findings of AEP and SEP in the cases with brain death confirmed by the apnea test had not been reported. We studied the features and the characteristic changes of those evoked potentials in 7 cases of brain death. The etiology of brain death in those cases were the primary intracranial lesions in six and the brain ischemia secondary to cardiac arrest in the others. The apnea test and the recordings of AEP and SEP were performed in the same day in most cases. The mean intervals from the application of the respirator to the apnea test and to cardiac arrest were 5.8 +/- 7.1 days and 5.9 +/- 7.2 days, respectively. Cardiac arrest occurred with mean of 11.8 +/- 8.0 days after the application of the respirator. AEP showed absent responses in six cases (86%) and wave I only in the other (14%). SEP showed P 1-N 1 in four cases (57%) and no responses in three (43%). The components of AEP were disturbed earlier than those of SEP and cases were classified into three types according to those findings. Type I (one case, 13%): wave I only in AEP and P 1-N 1 in SEP. Type II (three cases, 28%): no wave in AEP and P 1-N 1 in SEP. Type III (three cases, 28%): no wave in AEP and SEP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224033 TI - [Intracranial physiological calcification on computed tomography (Part 1): Calcification of the pineal region]. AB - Of intracranial physiological calcification, common calcification of pineal region, choroid plexus of lateral ventricles and of basal ganglia was examined based on the frequency of occurrence of age and sex and type of CT scanners. Consecutive cases of 2877 (1450 males and 1427 females) underwent plain CT scanning were studied. Pathological calcification was excluded from this study. Three types of CT scanners (SCN-200, Somatom 2 and TCT-10 A) were used. As a whole, calcification was shown in 67.7% in pineal region, 57.6% in choroid plexus of lateral ventricles and 7.5% in basal ganglia. First, we reported in detail the calcification of pineal region, in which calcification occurred most frequently. Calcification in pineal region had a close relation with age by increasing with aging. The youngest patient was 8 years old. There was a striking increase in number of patients aged from 10 to 39 years. There was a gradual increase in those aged over 40 years. Of patients aged from 70 to 79 years, calcification was found in 81.5%. The incidence was noted no changes in patients aged over 80 years. As for patients aged over 20 years, calcification was observed in 75.1% (82.6% males and 68.0% females). In patients aged from 20 to 79 years, the calcification was significantly higher in male than female. Although there was a different incidence of calcification examined by three types of CT scanners, it was not significant. There was no significant difference between thickness of 8 mm section and 10 mm. PMID- 3224034 TI - [Facilitatory effect of calcium hopantenate on amygdaloid kindling in rats]. AB - Calcium hopantenate (HOPA-Ca), which is obtained by substituting the beta-alanine of pantothenic acid for gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), is a therapeutic drug for mental retardation and cerebrovascular dementia. HOPA-Ca is known to produce convulsive seizures in some patients although it is also true that this improves EEG abnormalities and suppresses epileptic seizures. Thus, clinical observations suggest that HOPA-Ca exerts a paradoxical influence on epilepsy. In order to gain further insight into the influence of HOPA-Ca on epilepsy, we examined its effects on the generalized seizure-triggering threshold (GST) of kindled amygdaloid (AM) seizure and on the rate of AM kindling in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, a bipolar electrode, made of twisted stainless steel wire 0.2 mm in diameter, was stereotaxically implanted into the left AM. Daily electrical stimulation was given at the intensity of afterdischarge threshold (ADT). Electrical stimulation was continued until at least five consecutive generalized convulsions were evoked. Subsequently, the stimulus intensity was daily lowered by 20-microA steps and the last stimulus intensity for evoking generalized convulsion was designated as the GST. Experiment 1. Influence of HOPA-Ca on the GST; HOPA-Ca was dissolved in saline as a vehicle. Injections of 50, 100, 250, 500 mg/kg HOPA-Ca were given intraperitoneally 60 min before the stimulation at the GST. The GST never changed with vehicle injection. The GST increase was never observed with any amount of HOPA-Ca. However, the GST dropped flowing HOPA-Ca infection independent of its amount. The GST reduction was always 20-microA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224035 TI - [CT evaluation of cerebellar atrophy with aging in healthy persons]. AB - The author studied the incidence of computed tomographic evidences of cerebellar atrophy in 2,102 neurologically normal subjects. The subjects were selected from approximately 10,000 cases who underwent CT examination at Juntendo University hospital since April 17, 1978 to October 30, 1979. The 2,102 subjects were classified into 10 groups according to their age, as following: 1) below the age of 1 year, 2) between 1 and 4 years, 3) between 5 and 9 years, 4) second decade, 5) third decade, 6) fourth decade, 7) fifth decade, 8) sixth decade, 9) seventh decade, 10) after the age of seventy. The incidence of enlarged cerebellar vermis fissures, cerebellar hemispheric fissures, subarachnoid space around the cerebellum and the fourth ventricle were explored on CT. As regards the fourth ventricle, the maximum transverse width of the fourth ventricle and the maximum inside diameter of the posterior fossa were measured on CT, and ratio of the width of the fourth ventricle against the diameter of the posterior fossa were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using chi 2 test or t test in each age group. The results obtained were as following: I. The incidence of enlarged cerebellar vermis fissures and cerebellar hemispheric fissures increased gradually with aging. Though the difference were almost significant in any groups older than 20 years. It was noteworthy among those who were older than 60 years. II. The incidence of enlarged subarachnoid space around the cerebellum also increased significantly after the age of sixty, III. In subjects older than twenty, the width of the fourth ventricle increased with aging.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224036 TI - [Local immunotherapy with OK-432 for malignant gliomas--immunohistochemical analysis of chronological changes of tumor tissues]. AB - Chronological changes of glioma tissues treated with local immunotherapy with OK 432 were examined by immunohistochemical method. OK-432 was injected into glioma tissues through Ommaya's reservoir 3 days (3 patients), 7 days (2 patients) and 14 days (2 patients) prior to the operation. Frozen sections surgically obtained from these patients were stained with avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method using Leu-series monoclonal antibodies for pan T lymphocytes (Leu-1), cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes (Leu-2 a), helper/inducer T lymphocytes (Leu-3 a), B lymphocytes (Leu-12), MHC class I antigen (beta 2m) and MHC class II antigen (HLA-DR). In 2 out of 7 glioma tissues obtained before local injection of OK-432, only few T lymphocytes were found infiltrating around the small blood vessels. In all glioma tissues obtained 3 and 7 days after injection, coagulation necrosis of glioma tissues was observed within 1-2 cm from Ommaya's tube and many T lymphocytes granulocytes and macrophages were infiltrating diffusely in the glioma tissues. Whereas in all glioma tissues obtained 14 days after injection, coagulation necrosis was also observed, however granulocytes and macrophages were scarce. The most of the infiltrating cells were T lymphocytes. Examination of T lymphocytes phenotypes revealed that both cytotoxic/suppressor and helper/inducer phenotypes of T lymphocytes were intermingled with each other in all cases. beta 2m was expressed on the most of glioma cells in all cases before and after injection. Whereas HLA-DR antigen was expressed on the tumor cells in 4 out of 7 cases before injection, however this antigen was expressed in all cases after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224037 TI - [Transplant-induced recovery from 6-OHDA lesions of the nigro-striatal dopamine neurons in mice]. AB - Attempts to reconstruct the damaged nigrostriatal pathway in experimental models of Parkinson disease have thus far been carried out in animals with neurotoxically induced dopamine deficiency. Our study established that unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the nigrostriatal-dopamine (DA) neurons produced a well-characterized functional asymmetry in the behavior of C57BL/6 (H 2b) mice. The intraperitoneal administration of methamphetamine induced ipsilateral rotation at 7-20 turns/min. 11 x 10(6) syngenic DA-rich cells of embryonic ventral mesencephalon were stereotaxically transplanted in the caudate putamen. A complete recovery of methamphetamine-induced rotational response was produced around the 60-th day after the syngenic cell suspension graft. And a complete compensation of the rotational response was also brought about with the DA-rich cells from embryonic ventral mesencephalon (crown-rump length; 10-13 mm) of allogenic C 3 H/HeN (H-2k) mice. The FACS IV analysis revealed no H-2 (Kk and Iak) antigens before transplantation of these embryonic cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that the dopaminergic fibers had grown predominantly into the ipsilateral caudate-putamen. These results provide evidence of integration of syngenic and allogenic grafts and host tissue. And the immunological response in the transplanted brain are under investigation. PMID- 3224038 TI - [A case of cerebral arteritis secondary to bacterial meningitis]. AB - A 34-year-old female with Streptococcus pneumonia meningitis is presented. She deteriorated suddenly and CT scan revealed low density on the right basal ganglia and left centrum semiovale. Angiographic manifestations included arterial stenosis of the supraclinoid portion of ICA and the proximal portion of MCA. Systemic and intrathecal injections of the antibiotics were done and the treatments to the cerebral infarction were added but she became vegetative. During her clinical course hydrocephalus and hemorrhagic infarction occurred. The second angiography 4 months later showed no disappearance of the findings on the initial study. Arterial stenosis due to the cerebral arteritis with meningitis had been said to be caused by inflammatory change of the arterial wall, vasospasm and contrast media. It suggests by serial cerebral angiography that arterial stenosis is due not to vasospasm, but to the inflammatory change of the arterial wall. PMID- 3224039 TI - [Early development of cerebral blood vessels: on the relationship between cerebral histogenesis and internal vascularization]. AB - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphological relevance to cerebral histogenesis and internal vascularization during early fetal development of rats. Using light and electron microscopes, fetal brains and spinal cords from embryonic day 11 (E11) to E 16 were observed with special attention to new blood vessel formation in the parenchyma. At stages of the neural groove and neural tube blood vessels were confined in the perineural mesenchyma around the matrix cell layer whose cytoarchitecture was arranged in a pseudostratified pattern and did not include the blood vessels. At the prosencephalic stage (E 13), primordium of the striatum which localized in the ventrolateral portion of the cerebral neopallium made up the migrating zone in outer most of the matrix cell layer and blood vessels firstly appeared in this area. Similarly, the blood vessels were also recognized at the ventro-lateral portion of the mesencephalon where the migrating zone was initially formed on E 13. In the cervical spinal cord, the blood vessels were initially recognized on E 12, when the migrating zone was formed at the area of anterior horn. At the early telencephalic stage during E 14 E 15, blood vessels were evenly distributed in the lateral cerebral neopallium, while the cerebral neopallium in the midline where took place later evolution than lateral neopallium was still remaining in the state of matrix cell layer only, and was also lacking the blood vessels. In this area, first appearance of the vessels was E 15 or E 16.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224040 TI - [Measurement of local cerebral blood flow by computerized tomography with inhalation of stable xenon and curve-fitting method]. AB - Non-invasive methods are described for estimating local cerebral blood flows (LCBF) and local partition coefficients (L lambda) during inhalation of 30% stable xenon gas (Xe) in oxygen during CT scanning. After the denitrogenation with pure oxygen breathing, 30% Xe is inhaled for four minutes to minimize subanesthetic effects with a rubber face-mask and the delivery system of Xe. Local time-delta Hounsfield units curve during the Xe wash-in and wash-out phase is utilized in order to calculate L lambda and LCBF using a least squares curve fitting analysis. Calculated L lambda and LCBF with the new method manifested reasonable distribution between the grey and white matters, and reproducibility was excellent in our study. Several case studies of patients with cerebral infarction are presented to demonstrate the characterization of L lambda and LCBF patterns in various tissues and theoretical grounds underlying the new method of curve fitting analysis are discussed. PMID- 3224041 TI - 'Visiting the dentist can damage your health . . .'. PMID- 3224043 TI - 'Specialisation in dentistry'. PMID- 3224042 TI - Advisory Board in General Dental Practice--why enrol? PMID- 3224044 TI - 'A third study of caries in preschool aged children in Camden'. PMID- 3224045 TI - 'From black to white'. PMID- 3224046 TI - 'An unusual post-extraction complication'. PMID- 3224047 TI - 'Warning: dentists can be bad for your teeth'. PMID- 3224048 TI - Dangers of an uncomplicated tooth extraction. A case of Streptococcus sanguis meningitis. PMID- 3224049 TI - Cross-infection control in dental practice. Part 2: A dental surgery planned with cross-infection control as the design priority. PMID- 3224051 TI - Relation of infarct site to 15 year prognosis in patients who survived for 28 days after a first myocardial infarction. AB - Six hundred and eighty four patients (629 men), all aged under 60 years, who had survived for 28 days after a first acute myocardial infarction were studied to determine the influence of the site of infarction on long term prognosis. The infarct site was not significantly related to age nor to extent of infarct at the time of the acute episode. Mechanical complications were more common in patients with anteroseptal infarctions, while atrioventricular conduction disturbances were more commonly found in those with inferior infarction. The site of infarction was not related to smoking habits or angina before the infarction or at 2 year follow up. Life table methods did not show any relation between infarction site and morbidity or mortality either two years or 15 years after the initial infarction. PMID- 3224050 TI - Smoking and acute coronary heart disease: a comparative study. AB - Nine hundred and seventy eight patients with a first documented myocardial infarction were studied to detect smoking related differences in clinical profile and in-hospital outcome. The distribution of infarct sites differed significantly between smokers and non-smokers. Smokers had higher peak cardiac enzyme concentrations. In spite of this, smokers had a better prognosis than non smokers. There are important differences between smokers and non-smokers, both in clinical profile and in-hospital outcome, which may reflect a difference in the nature of the underlying coronary disease. PMID- 3224052 TI - Haemodynamic response to dopexamine hydrochloride in postinfarction heart failure: lack of tolerance after continuous infusion. AB - Dopexamine is a new vasodilator with a combination of dopamine receptor and beta 2 adrenoreceptor agonist properties. Its haemodynamic effects were assessed after dose titration and during infusion for up to 24 hours in 15 patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. At the initial titration a dose of 1 micrograms/kg/min produced a 25% decrease in the systemic vascular resistance index and a 32% increase in cardiac index. Stroke volume index and heart rate increased by 23% and 9% respectively. Left ventricular filling pressures and mean blood pressures were not affected. The short term effects were well sustained during the long term infusion and tolerance did not develop. Administration of dopexamine to patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction augments cardiac performance at rest. PMID- 3224053 TI - Effect of changes in heart rate on pressure half time in normally functioning mitral valve prostheses. AB - To test the validity of a relation between the pressure half time and the diastolic time interval, previously shown in a pulse duplication system, eight patients with prosthetic mitral valves and permanent pacemaker systems were studied. Recordings were made from the apex by continuous wave or pulsed Doppler echocardiography at heart rates between 75 and 150 beats/min. The pressure half time was found to be closely correlated with the diastolic time interval although there was individual variation and in three prostheses the pressure half time attained a plateau when the diastolic time interval was more than 300 ms. It is likely that the orifice area is the main controller of pressure half time where there is stenosis of the prosthesis, but that other factors such as ventricular or atrial compliance and the diastolic time interval may modify or obscure the effect of orifice area in normally functioning prosthetic valves. PMID- 3224054 TI - Further observations on the effect of balloon size on the short term and intermediate term results of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve. AB - The relation between the size of the balloon used for dilatation of the pulmonary valve and the extent of relief of pulmonary stenosis both immediately after and at intermediate term follow up was studied. Sixty four balloon dilatation procedures in 56 patients were divided into group 1-12 in which the ratio of the diameter of the balloon to that of the pulmonary annulus was less than or equal to 1.0--and group 2-52 in which the ratio was greater than 1.0. Both groups had similar mean (SD) pressure drops across the pulmonary valve before dilatation. Immediately after dilatation there was a significant reduction in the pulmonary valve gradient in both group 1 (84.3 (39.2) v 43.6 (26.8) mm Hg) and group 2 (92.8 (42.1) v 22.4 (13.6)mm Hg). On intermediate term follow up (6-34 months), residual pulmonary valve gradients were significantly lower in group 2 (20.8 (18.5)mm Hg) than in group 1 (75.0 (49.4) mm Hg), suggesting that restenosis was more common after dilatation with small balloons. These data suggest that although the immediate results with either small or large balloons are good, balloons that are larger than the pulmonary valve annulus produce more sustained relief of pulmonary stenosis. Further analysis within the group treated with larger balloons showed that the subgroup with a balloon/annulus ratio of 1.01-1.2 had more recurrences of stenosis (need for repeat balloon dilatation and larger number of patients with residual pulmonary valve gradients greater than 30 mm Hg) than subgroups with balloon/annulus ratios for diameters of 1.21-1.41, greater than 1.41, and greater than 1.5, in which there were no recurrences. Balloons that were > 1.5 times the size of the pulmonary valve annulus had no additional advantage over the other subgroups, namely, 1.21-- 1.4 and > 1.41. These results and reports of damage to the right ventricular outflow tract by oversized (> 1.5) balloons indicate that balloons that give a balloon/annulus ratio 1.2 -- 1.5 are the best for dilatation of the pulmonary valve. PMID- 3224055 TI - Fetal complete heart block. AB - In a series of over 6000 patients referred for fetal echocardiography during an eight year period, 37 fetuses were found to have complete heart block. There were 16 cases of isolated heart block and 21 cases associated with structural heart disease. All mothers of fetuses with isolated complete heart block had evidence of circulating syndrome Sjogren A antibody (Ro). Only one mother had clinical evidence of connective tissue disease. In the 21 cases associated with structural heart disease there were 17 cases of atrioventricular septal defect, one case of secundum atrial and perimembranous ventricular septal defects, two cases of tetralogy of Fallot, and one case of pulmonary stenosis. All fetuses with atrioventricular septal defects and complete heart block had left atrial isomerism. Additional abnormalities of the great arteries were often found in this group; these were double outlet right ventricle, transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary atresia, coarctation of aorta, and stenosis of the pulmonary or aortic valves. Intrauterine congestive heart failure was a feature of four cases in the group with isolated complete heart block and 11 cases of the group with associated structural heart disease. The outcome in the fetuses with isolated complete heart block was better than in those with heart disease: 12 of the 16 fetuses are alive, two of them have a pacemaker. But only three of the group of 21 fetuses with cardiac malformation are alive, and two of them have a pacemaker. PMID- 3224056 TI - Responses to carotid sinus stimulation before and after propranolol. AB - The response to carotid sinus stimulation was studied in nine elderly men (mean age 67) with no history of cardiac disease, dizziness, or syncope. The response to manual carotid sinus pressure (during one of two studies) was positive (an RR interval of greater than 3s) in three men. But seven men showed positive responses after intravenous propranolol (0.1 mg/kg). Similarly, the RR interval was lengthened by greater than 10 ms/mm Hg in two men during neck suction. Neck suction produced a positive result in four men after intravenous propranolol. The detection of hypersensitivity of the carotid sinus in a high proportion of apparently healthy men, especially during beta blockade, suggests that an abnormal response to carotid sinus massage may not be a reliable indicator for pacemaker treatment. PMID- 3224057 TI - Isolated endocarditis of the pulmonary valve with fragmentation haemolysis. AB - An unusual case of isolated endocarditis of the pulmonary valve complicated by fragmentation haemolysis resolved on antibiotic treatment. PMID- 3224058 TI - Heart block and paragonimiasis. AB - Intracardiac granulomas can cause complete heart block. A case of complete heart block is reported in a patient who had had paragonimiasis 30 years before and who had radiographic evidence of calcified granulomas in the heart and lungs. PMID- 3224059 TI - Greenfield filter insertions: predictability of technical difficulties. AB - Short, small females with small veins pose problems with transjugular insertion of the Greenfield filter, and if feasible, the transfemoral route should be used in these patients. PMID- 3224060 TI - Atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta and renal arteries: results of simultaneous surgical treatment. AB - Between 1975 and 1985, 43 patients underwent simultaneous aortic and renal artery reconstruction. Twenty-two patients had infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms and 21 had aortoiliac occlusive disease. In addition, 40 patients had severe lesions of one or both renal arteries and three patients had a lesion in an accessory renal artery. Hypertension was present in 29 patients, 15 of whom had impaired renal function. Four patients had chronic renal insufficiency without hypertension. Ten patients underwent prophylactic renal artery reconstruction. Infrarenal aortic repair was carried out simultaneously with thromboendarterectomy of one or both renal arteries, or reimplantation of a renal artery into the aorta, in two cases with contralateral nephrectomy. In one patient, the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries were also bypassed. Three patients (7%) died in the immediate postoperative period, two of these from myocardial infarction. Long-term survival was studied in 37 patients. Sixty-seven percent of patients with preoperative hypertension and less than 50% of those with preoperative renal insufficiency had good results. PMID- 3224061 TI - The impact of completion arteriography on results and technique of carotid surgery. AB - With the intent of minimizing the occurrence of technical defects, we adopted the routine use of completion arteriography for carotid surgery. Fifty-six procedures were performed. Postoperative TIAs occurred twice (3.6%). Technical deficits, judged to be unacceptable, were identified and corrected in eight cases. Six of the defects requiring repair occurred in the first 11 cases. Only two of the last 45 required revision. A single stroke occurred when an intimal flap was overlooked on an inadequate arteriogram. An intimal laceration attributable to the arteriogram was readily identified and repaired. An unexpected benefit of completion arteriography has been its educational value with respect to surgical technique. Our early experience with unsuspected technical defects has led us to place greater emphasis on assuring luminal adequacy and avoiding arterial kinks. As a consequence, operative revisions have been required much less frequently. We strongly believe that intraoperative assessment to assure the technical adequacy of carotid reconstruction is imperative if optimal results are to be obtained. Routine completion arteriography proved highly satisfactory for this purpose, and its use improved operative technique. PMID- 3224062 TI - Popliteal artery trauma: update and recent advances in management. AB - Management of vascular trauma has been standardized in the past two decades with a significant increase in limb salvage, but trauma to the popliteal artery still remains a challenge. A seven-year experience at San Bernardino County Medical Center was comprised of 20 popliteal artery injuries in 19 patients. Thirteen injuries (65%) were from blunt trauma, four injuries (20%) were from gunshot wounds, two injuries (10%) were from close-range shotgun blasts, and one (5%) was from a stab wound. Limb salvage was 100%. Liberal use of vein interposition grafts, routine intraoperative postreconstructive arteriogram, recognition of compartmental hypertension, and performance of fasciotomy were important steps taken to ensure a high limb salvage rate. Our standard technique at this time consists of repair of the artery with simultaneous repair of the dislocated knee and internal fixation of fractures. PMID- 3224063 TI - External carotid endarterectomy in the treatment of symptomatic patients with internal carotid artery occlusion. AB - In patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, the external carotid artery (ECA) can be both a source of collateral flow and a pathway for emboli. We identified 11 patients with ICA occlusion and ipsilateral ECA stenosis who underwent ECA endarterectomy to determine its role in treating extracranial cerebrovascular disease. Follow-up ranged from 1-65 months, with a mean of 27 months. Seven of eight patients with unilateral disease remained symptom free. The eighth patient had recurrent symptoms that were subsequently diagnosed as hemi-Parkinsonism. Two of three patients with bilateral occlusive disease had developed non-hemispheric symptoms at 12 and 24 months, respectively; the third remains asymptomatic after extracranial-intracranial bypass. None of the seven patients who presented with amaurosis fugax had recurrent visual symptoms. ECA endarterectomy is a safe and effective operation in treating symptomatic patients with ICA occlusion, especially those with transient monocular blindness or unilateral occlusive disease. It is less effective in those patients who have diffuse bilateral occlusive disease. PMID- 3224064 TI - Evaluation of factors influencing survival in ruptured aortic aneurysms. AB - During the six year period ending in December 1986, 103 patients with ruptured abdominal aneurysms presented to the unit. Ninety-two patients underwent surgery with a mortality of 39%. There was an increase in mortality with preoperative risk factors, extent of surgery, prolonged stay in ICU, complications and amount of blood transfused. However, only the latter was statistically significant. Age, the distance traveled by the patient before arrival at the hospital, systolic blood pressure on presentation and duration of operation did not affect the mortality. PMID- 3224065 TI - Deterioration of in-situ vein bypasses: anatomic study of 11 cases. AB - During the follow-up of 130 patients with in-situ bypasses 11 patients were reoperated following the detection of degenerative changes. The lesions found included anastomotic aneurysms (1), diffuse dilatation (2), localized aneurysms (5), stenosis of valve sites (2), and diffuse narrowing (1). The mean interval for the onset of a lesion was eight months. Histologic findings showed fibrous thickening of the intima, replacements of myocytes by collagen in the media, and moderate adventitial fibrosis. With some quantitative differences these changes are similar to those reported in reversed vein bypasses. It is therefore concluded that devascularization of the adventitia, as happens in reversed bypasses, is not an important etiology in the development of degenerative changes. The better patency rate reported for in-situ bypasses is the result of hemodynamic factors, but not because in-situ bypasses are protected from degenerative changes by their intact adventitial supply. PMID- 3224066 TI - Assessment of arterial disease using digital systolic pressure measurement. AB - Digital systolic pressure measurements were made on 140 big toes using a photoplethysmographic technique before and after extrinsic heating of the foot. Most patients with apparent, critically ischemic feet demonstrated vasomotor activity, suggesting that much of the microcirculation of the foot was in fact intact. Significantly, nine of 21 feet which would have fallen into a critically ischemic category were recategorized after heating into a less severe group. These data confirm the value of toe pressure measurements in the assessment of severe ischemia but show that adequate foot vasodilation is essential to allow accurate conclusions to be drawn and to allow meaningful interpretation of results. PMID- 3224067 TI - Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms: a report of thirty-seven cases. AB - Of a total of 780 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms, 37 patients (4.7%) had inflammatory aneurysms. Presenting symptoms included back and abdominal pain (76%), leg edema, melena, uremia, claudication and pancreatitis. Mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 45 mm/hr. Weight loss and anorexia were common. Elevated urea and creatinine were seen on 11 patients, nine of whom had obstructive uropathy. Average aneurysm size was 9.3 cm. Thirty-six patients were treated surgically and one was observed. Involvement of the suprarenal (nine cases) or thoracic (three cases) aorta was common. Elective operations included resection and grafting in 21 patients and axillofemoral bypass in four patients. Patients with ureteral entrapment underwent simultaneous ureterolysis. Among the elective operations four deaths were noted (15%). Ten emergency operations were done for posterior rupture (four cases), aortoduodenal fistula (one case), inferior vena cava obstruction or fistula (two cases), hemorrhage into the aneurysmal wall (two cases), or presumed rupture (one case). There were seven deaths (70%) in this group. The operation of choice for inflammatory aneurysm is a bifurcation graft combined with ureterolysis. PMID- 3224068 TI - Direct arteriovenous fistula of the external carotid artery: treatment with detachable balloon. AB - Direct arteriovenous fistulas originating from the terminal branches of the external carotid artery constitute a rare form of facial vascular disorders. They are usually well tolerated and do not grow. Surgical removal or ligation of the fistula may be hazardous to the facial nerve or lead to aesthetic insult. Based on our experience in five cases treated successfully with detachable balloons, we propose this technique as an alternative to surgery. PMID- 3224069 TI - Blunt trauma to the internal carotid artery. AB - Blunt injury of the internal carotid artery is rare and easily overlooked. The injury should be considered in a conscious patient with dense neurological deficit after blunt trauma to the head and neck. The diagnosis was established in 17 patients (9 men, 8 women) by arteriography. There was a median delay of 19 hours in the onset of neurologic deficit in 15 patients. Follow up arteriography was obtained in 16 of the 17 patients with a median interval of three months between arteriograms. On repeat arteriography, the internal carotid artery was patent in three of the nine patients with internal carotid arteries occluded on initial arteriography. Surgical repair was attempted in six patients. No significant difference in long term neurological deficit occurred between patients treated conservatively and those treated operatively. Of the 15 patients with hemiparesis on presentation, eight made a complete recovery and six improved. This study supports nonoperative management for blunt injuries of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 3224070 TI - Therapy for isolated, low and high grade symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. AB - This study evaluates whether medical therapy alone can achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of low grade carotid stenosis or ulcerated plaques. Out of 525 patients presenting with transient or minor strokes, 64 were found with unilateral extracranial vascular disease as the sole potential source for their neurological symptoms. Utilizing arteriographic criteria, 35 patients with ulcerated plaques or carotid artery stenosis of less than 50% luminal artery diameter were treated conservatively with aspirin and dipyridamole (300 mg/day each). Twenty-nine patients with unilateral internal carotid artery stenosis of greater than 50% luminal artery diameter were treated by means of carotid endarterectomy. Follow-up in the two groups for a mean period of 24-26 months revealed no major strokes or neurological deaths in either group. Myocardial infarction was the major cause of death. Two patients developed subsequent transient ischemic attacks, and one a minor stroke with total recovery in the conservatively treated group. All became asymptomatic when warfarin replaced aspirin therapy. The findings in this study confirmed that "low grade" stenoses can be safely treated by medical measures alone. PMID- 3224071 TI - Supraclavicular approach for the simultaneous treatment of dysphagia lusoria and thoracic outlet syndrome. AB - The case of a 36-year-old man with simultaneous dysphagia lusoria and thoracic outlet syndrome is presented. The supraclavicular approach has been described previously for the surgical correction of each of these conditions. While rare, these conditions may occur together. The supraclavicular incision proved to be an excellent approach to correct both abnormalities at the same operation. PMID- 3224072 TI - Arm ischemia secondary to giant cell arteritis. AB - Patients with severe ischemic symptoms that fail to respond to steroid therapy, despite a dramatic and continuous drop in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, may require arterial bypass surgery to overcome arterial ischemia caused by arteritis. We report the case of a patient with bilateral subclavian artery occlusion secondary to giant cell arteritis who responded well to steroid therapy and arterial reconstructive surgery. The patient has remained well for five years. PMID- 3224073 TI - Baker's cyst connected to popliteal artery cyst. AB - A patient with compression of the left popliteal artery by cystic adventitial disease is presented. The adventitial cyst was connected to a Baker's cyst. The patient suffered severe ischemia only after heavy exercise, because the mucous fluid of the Baker's cyst shifted into the popliteal artery cyst when the Baker's cyst was compressed. The etiology of cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery in this patient is discussed. PMID- 3224074 TI - Persistent sciatic artery: case report, anatomy, and review of the literature. AB - We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with an aneurysm of a left persistent sciatic artery presenting with arterial insufficiency from distal embolization. Treatment was exclusion of the aneurysm and femoropopliteal bypass after distal embolectomy with a Fogarty balloon catheter. We reviewed 71 cases in the literature to define characteristics of this anomaly which has many synonyms: including persistent sciatic artery, persistent axial artery, ischiopopliteal trunk. The persistence of the sciatic portion of the embryonic dorsal axial artery and failure of development of anastomoses with the ventral femoral network results in the anomaly. The persistent sciatic artery was "complete" in 75% of cases. In this configuration, it arises from the internal iliac artery, leaves the pelvic cavity through the lower part of the greater sciatic foramen caudad to the pyriformis muscle, reaches the posterior compartment of the thigh and continues as the popliteal artery. In 35% of cases, the artery is aneurysmal with a pulsatile mass in the buttock or a complication of the aneurysm. Arteriography required for diagnosis of the mass leads to discovery of the anomaly in many cases. The treatment of choice is exclusion followed by femoropopliteal vein bypass. PMID- 3224075 TI - Lateral approach to the popliteal artery. AB - A lateral approach to the popliteal artery is described. The anatomic limits of the exposure, appropriate technical maneuvers to maximize this exposure, and alternative procedures are discussed. Groin or thigh infections in patients requiring urgent revascularization are the most common indications. However, some traumatic injuries and certain elective reconstructions are appropriately treated with this technique. The lateral exposure to the popliteal artery is not technically demanding and offers a useful alternative for treatment of selected vascular problems. PMID- 3224076 TI - Femorofemoral cross-perineal infrascrotal bypass. PMID- 3224077 TI - In situ hybridisation and S1 mapping show that the presence of infiltrating plasma cells is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. AB - In order to identify potential markers of prognosis in breast cancer, representative cDNA libraries were constructed using RNA isolated from primary breast tumour tissue associated with good and poor prognosis. Cross-screening of these libraries repeatedly identified cloned mRNA species associated with the immune system, in particular B-cells, in libraries derived from tumours of poor prognosis. We have used one of these a kappa IV light chain cDNA probe, in two complementary studies to investigate the relationship between immunoglobin gene expression and prognosis. The results obtained using a combination of S1 mapping, RNA blotting and in situ hybridisation demonstrate that the presence of plasma cells, as defined by infiltrating cells which express high levels of immunoglobulin kappa-chain mRNA, is associated with a poor prognosis. PMID- 3224078 TI - Predictive chemosensitivity testing in malignant melanoma: reliable methodology- ineffective drugs. AB - A retrospective and a prospective trial were carried out in patients with malignant melanomas to investigate the predictive value of an in vitro chemosensitivity assay based on the Courtenay and Mills soft agar cultivation method. Evaluable in vitro chemosensitivity data for the three agents DTIC, CCNU, and vinblastine were obtained in 153 cases. In the retrospective study in which the patients received chemotherapy without prior knowledge of the test results, 50 in vitro/in vivo correlations (40 patients) were made, and in the prospective study, where patients received the single agent most active in vitro, 55 correlations (45 patients) were performed. In both studies the sensitivity of the test (the ability to identify patients who will respond to chemotherapy) was approximately 100% and the specificity (the ability to identify patients who will not respond) was 87-98%. Depending on whether 'no change' and 'mixed response' were classified as sensitivity or resistance, the predictive value of a negative test was approximately 100% and that of a positive test 37.5-87.5%. The response rate was low in both series, and although it was somewhat higher in the prospective than in the retrospective trial, the difference was not significant. The median survival time was not significantly different in the two treatment series. We conclude that the chemosensitivity assay here used is reliable and has predictive value, but that the chemotherapeutic agents currently available for treatment of melanoma are too ineffective to warrant routine use of the assay in this disease. PMID- 3224079 TI - Cinnarizine and flunarizine as radiation sensitisers in two murine tumours. AB - The effect of the calcium antagonists, cinnarizine and flunarizine on the radiation sensitivity of two murine tumours, RIF-1 and SCCVII/St was investigated. Initial experiments giving the compounds at 50 mg kg-1 i.p. indicated that cinnarizine had no effect on cell survival after 20 Gy of X-rays in the RIF-1 sarcoma and only a small effect in the SCCVII/St carcinoma. However, flunarizine produced a small radiosensitisation in the RIF-1 tumour and a substantial sensitisation in the SCCVII/St tumour. Subsequent experiments in the SCCVII/St tumour indicated that the optimal radiosensitising dose of flunarizine was approximately 5 mg kg-1, although some sensitisation was apparent throughout the range of 0.05-500 mg kg-1. Flunarizine produced a parallel shift in the X-ray dose response curve, equivalent to a 5-fold reduction in hypoxic fraction. In a normal tissue study, 5 mg kg-1 flunarizine did not enhance the reduction in white cell counts produced by X-ray doses of 2-8 Gy. These data suggest that flunarizine may have some potential use as a radiosensitiser. PMID- 3224080 TI - Sensitivity of locally recurrent rat mammary tumour cell lines to syngeneic polymorphonuclear cell, macrophage and natural killer cell cytolysis. AB - Using a recently developed model for studying the biology of locally recurrent (LR) mammary tumours in the 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma system, we examined the sensitivity to polymorphonuclear cell, macrophage and natural killer cell cytolysis. The parental MTF7(T20) cell line; the 'primary' tumours which arose following subcutaneous inoculation into the mammary fat pad, sc1 and sc3; and the local recurrences (following surgical excision) LR1 and LR1a from sc1, and LR3 from sc3 were all cells generally resistant to specific PMN cytolysis. LPS-activated macrophages caused 25.1%, 38.7% and 58.8% specific cytolysis in MTF7, sc1 and LR1 cells, respectively at E:T of 20:1 and 72 h co-incubation. LR1a, sc3 and LR3 lysis ranged from 0-4.4% under the same conditions. Non activated macrophages did not lyse any of the cell lines. Locally recurrent and 'primary' tumour cell lines were also not lysed by naive NK cells (range 0.5-4.0% cytolysis). NK cells activated with bropirimine, a potent immunomodulator currently being studied in clinical trials, and/or interleukin-2 were mildly more effective at killing LR cells. Our results show that locally recurrent tumours exhibit heterogeneous sensitivities and are different from 'primary' tumour cells in sensitivities to immune cell killing, but they are not necessarily more or less sensitive. Results with bropirimine-activated or IL-2-activated NK cells emphasize that nonspecific activation is insufficient to eliminate all tumour subpopulations. PMID- 3224081 TI - Bone disease in testicular and extragonadal germ cell tumours. AB - Of 297 patients with metastatic testicular and extragonadal germ cell tumours (GCT), bone involvement was detected clinically in 3% (7/251) of those at first presentation and in 9% (4/46) of relapsed cases. This difference was not statistically significant (95% confidence limits -2%; +14%). Concurrent systemic metastases, commonly involving lung (7/11 cases) and para-aortic lymph nodes (6/11), were present in all patients with bone disease. All affected patients had localized bone pain and lumbar spine was the most frequent site involved (9/11). Spinal cord compression occurred in two patients while a third developed progressive vertebral collapse after chemotherapy and required extensive surgical reconstruction. At median follow-up of 4 years, survival among patients presenting with bone disease (6/7) was similar to overall survival in the whole group (84%) and appeared better than in those with liver (18/26, 69%) or central nervous system (6/9) metastases at presentation. Back pain in metastatic germ cell tumours is often due to retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy but lumbar spine osseus metastases must be recognized early if severe potential complications, such as spinal cord compression, are to be avoided. In this series, bone metastases were not seen in the absence of widespread systemic disease suggesting all solitary bony lesions in GCT patients should be biopsied. PMID- 3224082 TI - Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) status associated with failure of primary endocrine therapy in elderly postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. AB - We have used primary endocrine therapy for 61 elderly women with operable breast cancer (median age 77 years). Eleven patients (18%) had complete and 24 (39%) partial tumour regression, 12 (20%) had stable disease for a minimum of six months and 14 (23%) no response. Salvage surgery was undertaken in the 14 with no response and 8/9 with progressive disease following initial response, thus samples were available from relapse patients only. Assays for EGFr (two point radioreceptor assay) and oestrogen receptors (ER) (dextran coated charcoal method and an immunohistochemical method) were performed on 20/22 patients. Ten of these 20 tumours were EGFr+ (greater than 10 fmol mg-1 binding) and 9/13 patients progressing within six months had EGFr+ tumours. 15/22 were available for ER evaluation and there was no such association with ER status. EGFr status was also associated with early recurrence after surgery and death in the endocrine failure group (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.05 respectively). Of a control population of 33 patients (median age 72 years) treated by primary surgery, only 6 were EGFr+. In this group early relapse was predicted by EGFr status, but not by ER status (median disease free survival for EGFr+ patients 15 months, and for EGFr- patients 40 months, P less than 0.01, logrank test). There was a significantly higher proportion of EGFr+ tumours in the endocrine failure group compared with the control population (P less than 0.001). EGFr status is a marker for rapid early progression on primary endocrine therapy and the development of non-excisional methods of EGFr analysis would allow better directed therapeutic decisions. PMID- 3224084 TI - Lung cancer and passive smoking: predicted effects from a mathematical model for cigarette smoking and lung cancer. AB - Epidemiological studies of active smokers have shown that the duration of smoking has a much greater effect on lung cancer risk than the amount smoked. This observation suggests that passive smoking might be much more harmful than would be predicted from measures of the level of exposure alone, as it is often of very long duration frequently beginning in early childhood. In this paper we have investigated this using a multistage model with five stages. The model is shown to provide an excellent fit to data on the incidence of lung cancer among smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers in a cohort of male British doctors. Contrary to our expectation the model predicted only a slight increase in relative risk with increasing duration of passive exposure. Allowing for exposures early in life does not therefore explain the discrepancy between the relative risk of about 1.5 calculated from epidemiological studies of lung cancer and the low levels of exposure indicated by cotinine measurements in those passively exposed. PMID- 3224083 TI - Reproductive factors and risk of cervical cancer by cell type. A prospective study. AB - Relationships between reproductive variables and risk of cervical cancer were examined in a follow-up of 62,079 women in Norway from 1961 through 1980. For the 342 cases classified as squamous cell carcinomas, a higher risk was observed in ever married than in never married women. The risk was especially high among women married more than once and women who were widowed or divorced before start of follow-up. High age at first birth was associated with low risk. The estimated odds ratio for women with first birth at age 35 years or later versus 19 years or earlier was 0.18 (P less than 0.001) in analyses with adjustment for age, urban rural place of residence and parity. In analyses with adjustment for age at first birth, neither parity or age at first marriage, nor age at menarche or menopause showed significant associations with squamous cell carcinoma. For the 30 cases classified as adenocarcinomas, no significant associations emerged with reproductive factors. The effects of marital status as well as age at first birth differed significantly between adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, suggesting dissimilar aetiologies. Although associations between reproductive factors and squamous cell carcinoma may largely be secondary to relationships with sexual habits, there are indications that the association with age at first birth cannot be entirely explained in this way. PMID- 3224085 TI - Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer in young women. AB - The possible association between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and the risk of development of breast cancer before the age of 45 was investigated by means of a population-based case-control study in Sweden and Norway. Information was obtained, by personal interview, from 422 (89.2%) of all eligible patients with breast cancer newly diagnosed between May 1984 and May 1985, and from 527 (80.6%) of all age-matched controls. The possible confounding effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use, education, and reproductive and several other factors were taken into account in multivariate analyses. No association was found between ever smoking (versus never smoking) and breast cancer (odds ratio 1.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-1.3). Further, there was no relation between breast cancer and duration of smoking, age at start of regular smoking, length of time since the start of regular smoking, or number of cigarettes smoked per day. There was no significant interaction between smoking, use of OCs, parity, and breast cancer. A moderate or high current consumption of beer, wine, liquor or total alcohol did not increase the risk of breast cancer. An alcohol intake of 5 grams per day or more was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio 0.6; 95% CI 0.4-0.9), but possible effects of a change in habits after diagnosis, of recall bias and of residual confounding, e.g. by dietary habits, need serious consideration. PMID- 3224086 TI - The Inter-Regional Epidemiological Study of Childhood Cancer (IRESCC): case control study of children with bone and soft tissue sarcomas. AB - The Inter-Regional Epidemiological Study of Childhood Cancer included 43 cases of soft tissue and 30 cases of bone sarcomas, together with their 146 matched controls. Analysis of a wide range of aetiological factors revealed few risk factors relating to events during the index pregnancy, the earlier medical experiences of the case child, or parental medical, occupational and smoking history. Associations which did emerge included: lower birth weight in children with Ewing's tumour, an excess of mothers of children with soft tissue sarcoma with symptoms of toxaemia in pregnancy; and more children with rhabdomyosarcoma who received antibiotics soon after birth. There was some evidence that mothers of children with soft tissue sarcoma may have had reduced fertility with a significant excess of the case mothers having no other pregnancies. Slight excesses of congenital malformations in the case children and of malignant and benign/borderline neoplastic disease in the older mothers were consistent with the existence of a degree of genetic predisposition in the development of the tumours in this series. PMID- 3224087 TI - Programmed gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). AB - Thirty-three patients with unexplained infertility underwent a total of 42 programmed superovulation cycles in a gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) programme. The date of oocyte retrieval was decided in advance and the cycle preceding oocyte collection was modified with norethisterone from mid-cycle until 14 days before the scheduled laparoscopy. This was followed by a fixed schedule superovulation regimen. Serum oestradiol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone were monitored and the data analysed retrospectively. A single ultrasound scan was performed on the day of laparoscopy to exclude ovulation. Thirty-eight GIFT procedures were performed, resulting in 11 (29%) clinical pregnancies of which four twin and four singleton pregnancies are continuing. There was a significant correlation between the oestradiol response pattern and the maturity of oocytes retrieved, the fertilization rate of supernumerary oocytes and the pregnancy rate. Programmed cycles may be conveniently combined with GIFT, and basic endocrinological monitoring can be used to identify cycles with a poor prognosis before laparoscopy. PMID- 3224088 TI - The prognostic and therapeutic value of second-look laparotomy in advanced ovarian cancer. AB - Of 267 patients with ovarian cancer FIGO stages III and IV, 157 underwent second look laparotomy after combination chemotherapy consisting of cis-platinum and cyclophosphamide with and without doxorubicin. At second-look operation 45% had macroscopic tumour, 15% microscopic tumour, and 40% complete pathological response. Survival 3 years after second look was: complete pathological response 74%; microscopic disease 24%; visible tumour less than 1 cm 28%; visible tumour greater than 1 cm 17%; negative cytology 59%; and positive cytology 18%. Of the patients with macroscopic tumour, 29% had all visible tumour removed at second look. Three-year survival for these patients was about 45%. PMID- 3224089 TI - Secular trend in the rate of small-for-gestational-age infants: Haguenau Study 1971-1985. AB - Between 1971 and 1985, at the Haguenau Maternity Hospital, a 20% decrease was observed in the rate of small-for-gestational-age infants (birthweight less than 10th centile using figures from all the study births) among 20,101 births between 28 and 42 weeks. This decrease could not be explained by simultaneous changes in socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the pregnant women, nor a recruitment bias. The earliness of prenatal care at the Maternity Hospital may have played a role in the downward trend. Further research is needed to confirm the influence of prenatal care on the rate of small-for-gestational-age babies. PMID- 3224090 TI - Antenatal serum levels of relaxin in patients having preterm labour. AB - This study is the first report of antenatal levels of relaxin measured by homologous radioimmunoassay in peripheral serum from patients who subsequently had a preterm delivery. Serial blood samples were collected antenatally from a group of subjects known to be at increased risk of preterm labour because of a past history of shortened pregnancy. Serum relaxin was measured using an homologous radioimmunoassay based on a synthetic bioactive analogue of the native hormone. In women whose pregnancies ended preterm most measurements were within the range of values previously established in normal antenatal patients although some measurements early in pregnancy were above the normal range. These findings suggest that low serum levels of relaxin are not causatively related to the onset of labour before term. PMID- 3224091 TI - The effect of sublingual nifedipine on uteroplacental blood flow in hypertensive pregnancy. AB - The effect of nifedipine on uteroplacental blood flow was investigated in nine hypertensive women in the trimester of pregnancy and compared with the effects of a placebo in nine similar hypertensive women. An index of uteroplacental blood flow was obtained, twice before treatment and once after treatment, by measuring the increase in radioactivity in the region of the placenta with a gamma camera following an intravenous injection of indium-113m. There was no significant change in the blood flow index in either the nifedipine- or the placebo-treated groups despite a significant fall in blood pressure with nifedipine. Nifedipine lowers the blood pressure without any apparent reduction in uteroplacental blood flow. PMID- 3224092 TI - Association between hormonal and haemorheological changes during the menstrual cycle in healthy women. AB - Blood rheology was studied in 15 healthy women throughout a normal menstrual cycle. Significant increases in fibrinogen, blood and plasma viscosity, and a reduction of erythrocyte filtrability were demonstrated during the follicular and ovulatory phase in comparison with mid- and late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Positive correlations were found between oestradiol levels and the haemorheological variables. Our data suggest that ovarian hormonal activity influences haemorheology and blood flow in healthy women. PMID- 3224093 TI - Oligohydramnios and fetal cerebral blood flow. AB - Blood flow velocity waveforms in the fetal internal carotid artery were recorded in five pregnancies complicated by prolonged severe oligohydramnios due to bilateral renal agenesis. End-diastolic flow velocity was reduced, absent or even reversed, resulting in a raised pulsatility index in all five cases. These data suggest that prolonged severe oligohydramnios may hamper cerebral blood flow through fetal head compression. PMID- 3224094 TI - The management of multiple pregnancy in women with a lower-segment caesarean scar. Is a repeat caesarean section really the 'safe' option? AB - Multiple pregnancy occurring in a patient who has previously had a lower-segment caesarean section is an unusual sequence of events. Retrospective analysis over an 11-year period in Sheffield from 1975 to 1985, revealed 25 cases, a rate of 1 in 3300 deliveries. The caesarean section rate in this group of women rose from 20% (3/15) in the first six years to 70% (7/10) in the latter years for no obvious reason. This change in management did not produce any improvement in fetal outcome but there was an increase in maternal morbidity. This analysis and a review of available literature suggest that multiple pregnancy is not in itself an indication for elective repeat caesarean section. PMID- 3224095 TI - Serum thyrotrophin concentration measured by sensitive assays in normal pregnancy. PMID- 3224096 TI - Disposal arrangements for fetuses lost in the second trimester. PMID- 3224097 TI - An oxytocin inhibitor for suppressing preterm labour. PMID- 3224098 TI - [Infrared spectra of associated and hydrated pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids in argon matrix]. AB - The spectral characteristics of interacting pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids- cytosine, 1-methylcytosine, uracil in autoassociates and hydrates--are investigated using the high-resolution infrared spectroscopy in argon matrices. Shifts of vibration frequencies in simple complexes are stated to be from 10 to 30 cm-1 in the 4000-400 cm-1 region observed. The isolated state-solid phase transition is followed by the absorption maximum shift, the latter being some hundreds of cm-1 in the 4000-2000 cm-1 region and some tens of cm-1 in the 1800 400 cm-1 region. PMID- 3224099 TI - [Relationship between absorption and fluorescence excitation spectra of psoralens and coumarins and their concentration]. AB - The shape of absorption spectra is changed and their maxima are red shifted with an increase of furocoumarin (psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen and angelicin) concentration. Fluorescence excitation spectra of psoralen, 7-methoxycoumarin and 7-hydroxy-4-methylocumarin do not depend on the concentration in solutions. They are similar or coincident with absorption spectra of the most concentrated solutions. One may conclude the existence of different forms of furocoumarin and coumarin aggregates in solution. From the coincidence or similarity of fluorescence excitation spectra and absorption spectra in the most concentrated solutions it may be proposed that only the aggregated forms of psoralens and coumarins (the dimers or associates of higher order) are able to emit fluorescence. PMID- 3224100 TI - [Differential spectra of hematoporphyrin in a visible area following excitation by intense subpicosecond pulse]. AB - Difference spectra of hematoporphyrin excited by intense 300 is laser pulse were studied at various delay times. It was found that under two photon excitations very quick (approximately 1 ps) formation of photoproduct took place. Changes of the difference spectra connected with evolution of the photoproduct were observed. PMID- 3224101 TI - [Effect of temperature and pH on the environment of tryptophan residues in alpha actinin]. AB - Effects of temperature and pH on the structure of rabbit muscle alpha-actinin were studied by means of an intrinsic fluorescence method. Alkaline denaturation of alpha-actinin at 15 degrees C begins at pH above 9, while acidification of the solution does not cause unfolding of the protein structure, but results in protein aggregation. The maximal intensity of the isoelectric aggregation process is registered at pH 5. Thermal denaturation of alpha-actinin occurs within the temperature range from 45 degrees C to 65 degrees C. Protein has the second thermally induced transition in the region from 17 to 30 degrees C. PMID- 3224102 TI - [Enzymatic regulatory processes in gene recombination]. AB - Recombination bistability in the system of genetic regulation in pro- and eucaryots is analysed on the basis of sigmoid kinetics of regulatory enzymes. It is shown that under an increase of either exogenic factors (temperature) or endogenic factors (concentration of molecules, which activate the enzymes) of crucial values, bistability solutions for recombination frequencies are possible. Histeresic character of the dependence of this value on the external parameters is pointed out. The role of fluctuation processes in distortion of the memory effects is discussed. On the basis of monostable solutions molecular account for the empiric Plau law is given for U-shaped dependence of recombination frequency on temperature. PMID- 3224103 TI - [Possibility of spectrophotometric registration of conformation changes of polynucleotides in the system poly(A:U)-pyronine G]. AB - The spectrophotometric study of poly(A:U) (90:10)-pyronine G (PG) complex formation has shown that the interaction of PG with polyriboadenylic acid pH = 6.3 is not changed despite the presence of 10% of pyrimidine bases in the single stranded polynucleotide chain. Analysis of the dependence of complex formation versus acidity increase in the visible spectral range suggests that there are two forms of protonated double-stranded helix of poly(A:U) (90:10), as well as poly(A). PG dye does not interact with the more strongly protonated form by means of the aggregation. There is a strong resemblance between the interaction of PG with the less strongly protonated form and with the neutral single-stranded form of poly(A:U) (90:10). One can determine pH-transition ranges of the two poly(A:U) (90:10) protonated forms using the difference in their interaction with PG at low concentrations of polynucleotide. PMID- 3224104 TI - [Spectral manifestations of the effect of Zn2+ ions on DNA complexes with distmycin]. AB - Effect of low concentrations of metal bivalent ions on DNA-distamycin complexes was studied. It has been found that when adding small quantity of Zn2- ions the DNA-distamycin complex changes its cooperative properties. A small amount of heavy metal ions incorporated in DNA changes the DNA property to form complexes capable of stimulating the formation of structures of high organization. Thus under the effect of metal small additions both the structure of cellular processes and their regulation are irreversibly simplified, the phase of rest characterized by the maximal number of organization levels of the nuclear apparatus not being reached. PMID- 3224105 TI - [Age-related thermodynamic and mechanical properties of the rat collagen]. AB - The age peculiarities of cross-linking degree, thermodynamic and mechanic properties of rat tail tendon collagen fibres were investigated. It is shown that during the period from 1 to 3 months the melting temperature decreases and the enthalpy difference increases, from 3 to 24 months the melting temperature increases and the enthalpy difference decreases. The strength of fibres increases during the whole life. The maximal relative extension increases during the first 12 months and tends to decrease in after-life. The Young's module in the elastic deformation region decreases during the period from 1 to 3 months, then increases. It is shown tht those changes in fibre properties may be connected with the age dynamics of collagen cross-linking degree observed here: its decreasing during the period from 1 to 3 months and its following continuous increasing in after-life. PMID- 3224106 TI - [Relation between activity of antioxidants and oxidation of substrates in natural lipids]. AB - Using chemiluminescence method, the oxidation level of lipids extracted from various organs and tissues of fish Coregonus peled (Gmelin) was investigated. The analysis of interrelation between the oxidation level, quantity and composition of phospholipids (PL), fatty acids (FA), natural antioxidants (NAO) was carried out. The oxidation level of the lipids under investigation is shown to increase in series: first go internal fat lipids, then--lipids of brain, white muscles, immature eggs, red muscles, liver. The lipid oxidation level was found to correlate with the quantity of PL, fraction content of phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin, and concentration of the sum of polyunsaturated FA with the index of (20:5 divided by 22:6). It is shown that there is a regularity in the process of distribution in lipids both the sum of natural inhibitors, and individual AO, such as tocopherol, ubiquinone, ubichromenol, the quantity of which increases in accordance with the rising oxidation level of lipid substrate. PMID- 3224107 TI - [Thermotropic behavior of liposomes from egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenized egg yolk lecithin and their mixtures]. AB - The thermotropic properties of multilamellar liposomes from egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenized egg yolk lecithin and several mixtures of these two lipids were studied with the application of excimer--forming optical probe pyrene and microcalorimetry. It was discovered that when the proportion of the egg yolk lecithin in the lipid mixture was raised the temperature of the main phase transition reduced. For all this, independent of the lipid mixture composition when the temperature was raised, apparently, polarity of pyrene microenvironment in the liposomes bilayers decreased. On the basis of the analysis of solidus and liquidus curves obtained from calorimetric studies of the lipid mixtures and bend points of Arrhenius anamorphose obtained during the pyrene excimer formation measurements some conclusions were made about the role of unmodified and hydrogenized egg yolk lecithin cluster formation in the determination of thermotropic properties of the liposomes from the above two lipids mixtures. High temperature phase transition discovered for the egg yolk lecithin while measuring the pyrene excimer formation is proposed to be closely connected with temperature dependent changes in the organization of phospholipid heads on the interphase bilayer/H2O solution. PMID- 3224108 TI - [Dynamic interaction of membrane transport of cations and biosynthesis in the regulation of animal cell growth. A theoretical model]. AB - Possibility of direct participation of the cell volume stabilization system in biosynthesis and growth control in animal cells is postulated and theoretically treated in terms of general membraneous cell model. The states of proliferative quiescence or proliferative activity were attributed, respectively, to the states of stability or non-stability of dynamical interactions between ion-dependent volume regulating system and biosynthetic apparatus which controls metabolic renewal and current number of ion transporters. The results showed that in the case of fixed Na+/K+ pumping ratio the cellular steady-state is quite stable. Necessary conditions are described when labialization of Na+/K+ exchange stoichiometry must initiate metabolic instability and cellular growth. The loss of the cell membrane ability to link together different fluxes may thus be accounted for the uncontrolled cellular and tissue growth. Quantitative criteria for the cell growth capacity are obtained depending on the high enough requiring level of transmembrane ion asymmetry and low enough value of intracellular electric potential. PMID- 3224109 TI - [Thermotropic behavior of intact human erythrocyte membranes detected by measuring their surface conductivity]. AB - A relative surface conductivity Hz/Hm of intact human erythrocytes was investigated by scanning the temperature interval 5-55 degrees C. The form of thus obtained thermogram implies a relation between Hz/Hm and thermotropic behavior of the erythrocyte membrane in vivo. Conditions for the best manifestation of this relation were studied. PMID- 3224110 TI - [Effect of electromagnetic fields on movement of microorganisms]. AB - Relationships between the motor activity and orientation of microorganisms and parameters of the electromagnetic field and of the microorganisms themselves were investigated. It has been shown that the type of microorganism and field amplitude produces the strongest influence on the behaviour of microorganisms in the fields. Theoretical relationships of the value of rotating moment and the field parameters, microorganism and environment were obtained. The results of the experiments well agree with the theory. PMID- 3224111 TI - [Mechanism of initiation of intracellular ice formation]. AB - Intracellular ice crystallization was studied by the method of cryomicroscopy in the systems modeling a biological suspension, such as erythrocyte concentrates. Initiation of crystallization by extracellular ice through hydrophilic channels has been shown to be the most probable mechanism of intracellular ice formation. PMID- 3224112 TI - [Intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in the smooth muscle and functional role of calcium pump in the sarcolemma]. AB - It has been found that Ca-pump of the smooth muscle sarcolemma has much greater affinity to Ca2+ (Km = 0.5 M) than the system Na-Ca2+ of the exchanger (Km = 40 60 M). The maximal rate of Mg2+, ATP-dependent translocation of Ca2+ is 2-3 times higher than that of Na-dependent. The results of kinetic analysis show that Ca pump of the smooth muscle sarcolemma is able to compensate the basal diffusion flow of this cation entering into unexcited cells of smooth muscle (5 x 10(-15) mol Ca2+ per 1 cm2 for 1 sec). It can also stationary support the value of Ca2+ concentration in relaxed myocytes on a physiologically significant level (10(-7) 10(-6) M). PMID- 3224113 TI - [Relation between inter- and intracellular action potentials of frog isolates muscle fiber at various temperatures]. AB - Extra- and intracellular action potentials (AP) of isolated muscle fibres plunged into volume conductor were studied at different temperatures. Changes of the first and second AP derivatives and their temperature dependence were described. The changes are explained by temperature effect on the density of input and output ion currents. Changes of the shape of extracellular potential with temperature increase were described. They were concerned with the changes of the first and second AP derivatives and are due to the peculiar distribution of the potential field in the volume conductor around an excitable fibre of the finite length. PMID- 3224114 TI - [Amplitude-frequency modulation of electroencephalogram associated with rhythmic movements]. AB - Evoked, motor and final potentials and some other EEG phenomena are suggested as additional components accompanying movements, external stimuli, imagination etc. Obviously, the EEG reactions are not restricted to them. On the basis of the method of synchronic averaging a way for detecting the amplitude-frequency modulation (AFM) related to the repeated movements is proposed. This method permitted to reliably single out the EEG effects which sometimes were detected by visual analysis. As the experiments showed the depth of AFM EEG accompanying the movements was about 3-6% (in this case spontaneous AFM plays the role of noise and equals 50% or more). Relations between changes in AFM for EEG recorded from various points, as well as for EEG rhythms were investigated. PMID- 3224115 TI - [The effect of infra-low frequency alternating magnetic field on the functional activity of blood neutrophils from rats with limited mobility]. AB - The influence of 8 Hz frequency alternating magnetic field has been investigated by 5 mcTl induction on the functional state of bacteroid systems, hydrolytic enzymes and phagocytic activity of rat blood neutrophils in different periods of hypokinesia. It was found that the alternating magnetic field of above mentioned parameters promotes normalization of rat neutrophils indicators during hypokinesia. PMID- 3224116 TI - [Mathematical modeling and optimization of plasmadiafiltration]. AB - A mathematical model of mass transport of toxic substances with small, middle and large molecules weight in the body compartments and in the extracorporal system was worked out and used in the clinic for individual optimization and prediction of final results when treating patients with acute hepatic and renal failure in plasmadiafiltration. Permeability and the sieving coefficients were found "in vivo" in the plasma for 3 types of dialysers with different membranes. For practical use of this model a program was written by an interactive dialogue for the personal computer. PMID- 3224117 TI - [Subjective compression of an object moving in the line of the rangefinder]. AB - It has been shown by recording eye movements and objective estimation that the value of subjective pressure of the object corresponds to the pressure of its retinal projection, which in its turn is determined by delayed tracing. Dependence of the value of relative subjective pressure on the slit width is determined at three values of the velocity of object movement. PMID- 3224118 TI - [Dynamics of changes in the light absorption by snail central nervous system ganglia during excitation]. AB - It was shown that changes in the absorption of light by the left parietal ganglion of the snail upon electric stimulation of the cerebral ganglion are dependent on the concentration of colchicine 10(-4), 10(-3), 10(-2) M in saline. PMID- 3224119 TI - [Maximum rigor tension developed in a single rabbit glycerinated skeletal muscle fiber]. AB - Rigor tension was found to vary significantly with the replacement rate of the relaxing with the rigor solutions. The maximum value of rigor tension (Prig = 130 kN/m2) was obtained under slow (5 microL/sec) replacement of the solutions. The difference in the tensions may reflect variations in the amount of "compliance" taken out from the fibre. PMID- 3224120 TI - [Sensibilized dimer luminescence of singlet molecular oxygen in solutions]. AB - With the use of mechanical phosphoroscope the "universal" delayed emission has been found in aerobic solutions of different sensitizers in CCl4. The spectrum of this emission has the main maximum at 703 nm. The luminescence intensity is proportional to the square of the intensity of the exciting light. Removal of oxygen or addition of 10% of acetone led to disappearance of the luminescence. At equal intensities of singlet oxygen generation relative intensities of the 1272 and 703 nm bands differed by several orders of magnitude in solutions of different sensitizers. The energy migration from the molecules responsible for the luminescence to bacteriopheophytin and phtalocyanine has been observed. The luminescence is interpreted as dimol emission of solvated singlet molecular oxygen activated by sensitizer molecules. PMID- 3224121 TI - [Acoustic detection of absorption of millimeter-band electromagnetic waves in biological objects]. AB - Principles of photoacoustic spectroscopy were applied to elaborate a new method for controlling millimeter electromagnetic waves absorption in biological objects. The method was used in investigations of frequency dependence of millimeter wave power absorption in vitro and in vivo in the commonly used experimental irradiation systems. PMID- 3224122 TI - [Dynamics of proliferating cell populations during exposure to periodic phase specific factors]. AB - Dynamics of the numbers of population of proliferating cells under periodic phase specific cytotoxic effect with and without blocking action was studied on the basis of a mathematical model. It has been shown that at real values of the model parameters after the beginning of the effects the population number exponentially depends of time. Dependence of the population number dynamics on integral parameters of the cell cycle and the exposure regime was studied. It has been shown that at certain periods a resonance decrease of the damage of the population cells must be observed. The values of the periods corresponding to the resonance decrease of the damage are determined mainly by the mean duration of the cell cycle and the time of blocking action, at small duration of the blocking action they are approximately multiple to the average time of the cell cycle. The theoretical predictions are proved experimentally in the experiments on determining the relationship between the damage of small intestine epithelium and mouse survival and the period of repeated periodic injections of S-phase-specific cytotoxic agent hydroxyurea. A distinct resonance increase of mouse survival and decreased damage of the epithelium were observed under the injections of oxyurea with the periods near to the mean and doubled mean time of the cell cycle of crypt enterocytes. The results obtained not only support the correctness of theoretical predictions, but make it possible to estimate the parameters of the stem cell cycle of mouse small intestine epithelium. They also show that this approach can be used for reducing aftereffects of chemotherapy by means of phase specific agents. PMID- 3224123 TI - Extraction of polyurethane block copolymers: effects on bulk and surface properties and biocompatibility. AB - In order to study changes occurring in polyurethane block copolymers upon solvent extraction, a base polymer containing approximately 50% polyurethane hard segment based on 4,4'-bis(p-phenyl isocyanate), 1,4-butanediol, and poly(tetramethylene oxide) of MW 1000 was synthesized. Portions of this polymer were extracted using methanol, toluene, and acetone. Multidetector gel permeation chromatography was used to characterize the effect of extraction on molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Extraction also affected bulk and surface properties and the blood compatibility as assessed using a canine ex vivo blood-contacting experiment. Extracted materials possessed a higher molecular weight than the base polymer and had narrower molecular weight distributions. Acetone extraction resulted in the polymer with the highest ultimate tensile strength. Contrary to expectations, the surface properties and blood compatibility of the material studied were affected minimally by extraction. PMID- 3224124 TI - Retardation of calcification of bovine pericardium used in bioprosthetic heart valves by phosphocitrate and a synthetic analogue. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if phosphocitrate (PC), a naturally occurring inhibitor of calcification, and its synthetic analogue, N-sulpho-2 amino tricarballylate (SAT), administered either by daily injection or local delivery via Alzet osmotic minipump, could inhibit calcification of glutaraldehyde-preserved bovine pericardium used in bioprosthetic heart valves, subcutaneously implanted in rats. Local drug delivery, but not systemic administration, was effective. PC, administered by Alzet minipump (12 mg.kg-1.day 1), inhibited calcification significantly (tissue calcium = 5 +/- 2 micrograms/mg dry tissue, mean +/- SEM), compared with untreated or saline-treated controls (89 +/- 9 and 49 +/- 9 micrograms/mg, respectively). SAT, administered by the same route at both the same and a higher molar dosage, was less potent (tissue calcium = 26 +/- 9 micrograms/mg and 17 +/- 5 micrograms/mg, respectively). PC and SAT therapy were not associated with adverse effects. We conclude that locally administered PC and SAT can inhibit intrinsic calcification of bovine pericardium, with PC being more potent. PMID- 3224125 TI - Adsorption of plasma proteins onto anticoagulant polystyrene derivatives: a fluorescence study. AB - Quenching of fluorescence was used to monitor adsorption of thrombin (T), antithrombin (AT) and their inactive complex (T-AT) onto three anticoagulant biomaterials made of polystyrene beads bearing the functional groups of heparin. An adsorption capacity of 0.12 mumol of T per mg of polymer allowed the formation of a monolayer of protein at the polymer surface. An affinity constant of 3 x 10(7) l.mol-1 between thrombin and polymer was estimated, whatever the polymer used. The affinity of T-AT was similar although weaker. Desorption of proteins from the polymeric interface by means of polycations (polybrene and polylysine) showed that the inactive complex T-AT is more quantitatively and easily released than thrombin. PMID- 3224126 TI - Heparin-like tubings. III. Kinetics and mechanism of thrombin, antithrombin III and thrombin-antithrombin complex adsorption under controlled-flow conditions. AB - In previous papers, we described treated tubular materials which exhibit an heparin-like antithrombic activity under dynamic conditions. In order to ascertain the heparin-like mechanism of this activity, we have studied the interactions of thrombin, antithrombin III and thrombin-antithrombin III complex with the inner face of these treated tubings under controlled-flow conditions. Moreover, the kinetics of the adsorption of thrombin were studied at different flow rates to establish the rate-determining step. PMID- 3224127 TI - Flory interaction parameter chi for hydrophilic copolymers with water. AB - In biomedical applications of hydrophilic polymers knowledge is required of the thermodynamic interactions between the candidate biomaterial and biological fluids. Since information on these interactions is not readily available, a new method is proposed here to estimate the copolymer-water Flory interaction parameter, chi, for biomaterials. The method is based on the pairwise thermodynamic interactions of copolymer segments and solvent molecules. It is validated using data for an important biomedical hydrogel, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid), in contact with water. PMID- 3224128 TI - Immobilization of prostaglandin PGF2 alpha on poly(vinyl alcohol). AB - Prostaglandin PGF2 alpha was immobilized onto a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA) by reaction of a PGF2 alpha-polylysine adduct with glutaraldehyde. The PGF2 alpha-polylysine adduct was prepared by carbodiimide activation of the carboxyl group of PGF2 alpha followed by coupling to the lysine. The adduct was separated from the unreacted PGF2 alpha by dialysis and the purified product was found to contain congruent to 44 mol of PGF2 alpha/mol of adduct involving congruent to 40% of the amines of the polylysine. The adduct was bound to PVA by reacting with an excess of glutaraldehyde at 0 degrees C, followed by cross-linking of the PVA to a gel at 35-37 degrees C. The PGF2 alpha of the adduct was found to retain congruent to 40% of its biological activity on a molar basis in a smooth muscle cell contraction assay, but its activity immobilized to PVA was not determined. Spectroscopically, infrared nuclear magnetic resonance (IR/NMR), the PGF2 alpha appeared identical to the native molecule, except for the amide bond at its carboxylic acid, suggesting that the reactions were very gentle and that other biomolecules could be incorporated into the gel without loss of activity. PMID- 3224129 TI - Interpretation of difficulties in the initial adhesion of bio-active glasses to bone. AB - The authors propose a model to explain the initial difficulties in achieving adhesion between bio-active glasses and bone. It is explained that in vitro tests involve biophysical situations which are different, and in many cases very different, from those which take place in in vivo implantation. The model suggests procedures which could be applied to bio-active glasses after the manufacturing process in order to improve their initial adhesion to bone. PMID- 3224130 TI - Fluoride ion diffusion from polyalkenoate (glass-ionomer) cements. AB - Long-term elution of fluoride ions has been studied for one silicate and six glass-ionomer cements over a period of some two and-a-half years. Because equilibrium was not reached, classical diffusion theory could not be applied to the process. It was postulated that two elution processes were taking place, one short-term and rapid, the other more gradual and prolonged. It was possible only to estimate the maximum value for the diffusion coefficients. PMID- 3224131 TI - Tensile characteristics of PTFE sutures. AB - The tensile strength load to failure and knotting characteristics of the six gauges of a new PTFE suture have been studied. In its unstressed state, the suture comprises 50% by volume of air but this diminishes upon stretching so that its diameter appears to be very large and the tensile strength low. The low surface-surface friction necessitates fairly complex knotting regimens (3 = 1 = 3 = 2 or 3 = 1 = 3 = 3) to ensure stable knot configurations, i.e. failure of the loop before knot failure. However, the relatively simple 2 = 1 = 1 = 1 configuration was found to have an adequate tensile strength. PMID- 3224133 TI - Quantitative evaluation of rat lymphocyte adsorption on microdomain structured surfaces of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/polyamine. AB - The adsorption behaviour of rat lymphocytes on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) graft-polyamine (HA) copolymers was evaluated using a newly developed chromatographic method. The quantity of lymphocyte adsorption can be varied by regulating the polyamine content in the HA copolymer. A remarkable depression in lymphocyte adsorption was observed on the surface of HA copolymer, consisting of 7 wt% of polyamine graft and 93 wt% of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) backbone. Further introduction of a polyamine graft on pHEMA resulted in the increase of lymphocyte retention on the copolymer surfaces. Lymphocytes adsorbed on HA copolymer surface retained their original round shape. Detailed analysis of the chromatogram showed that interaction of lymphocytes with HA copolymer was very much weaker than that with homopolymer of pHEMA or polyamine. PMID- 3224132 TI - Sudan black B as a histological stain for polymeric biomaterials embedded in glycol methacrylate. AB - Sudan black B, usually a stain for all kinds of lipid, turned out to be an excellent histological stain for polymeric biomaterials embedded in glycol methacrylate. Staining the surrounding connective tissue with toluidine blue basic fuchsin makes details of the polymer-tissue interface clearly visible. Sudan black B might be used to visualize the biodegradation process of polymeric biomaterials. PMID- 3224134 TI - Design and release kinetic pattern evaluation of indomethacin microspheres intended for oral administration. AB - Indomethacin has been incorporated into either ethylcellulose (EC) or Eudragit RL microspheres by a solvent-evaporation process. Production variables have been tested in an attempt to produce indomethacin microspheres having adequate oral controlled-release properties. In spite of high drug content in the ethylcellulose microspheres, the indomethacin release rate was too slow and incomplete. Although the addition of an hydrophilic polymer, poly(ethylene glycol), to the EC polymer enhanced the indomethacin release rate, it was not possible to reach release profiles suitable for oral use. Therefore, indomethacin was incorporated into a more permeable polymer, Eudragit RL. While incorporation efficiency decreased with increasing initial concentration of indomethacin, adequate oral-release profiles were achieved. It was found that all the global release profiles yielded by the indomethacin-loaded Eudragit RL microspheres conformed to the Higuchi diffusional model of dispersed drug particles in spherical micromatrices and not to the desorption kinetic model of a dissolved drug from a monolithic spherical device. PMID- 3224135 TI - Swelling-activated drug delivery systems. AB - A previous paper dealt with the preparation of an in vitro programmable zero order drug delivery system in which the area of the surface exposed to the dissolution medium and the macromolecular relaxation of polymer controlled the release of the drug. In the present study, the preparation of similar delivery systems is described, in which differing drugs and polymers were used to ascertain the mechanism governing the drug-release kinetics. The movement of the interfaces between solvent and system was measured during drug release in systems with varying composition. The results indicate that the synchronization of the movement of swelling and eroding fronts at the solvent-system interface determines the achievement of the linear-release kinetics of such swelling activated systems and that the swelling and dissolution characteristics of the polymer employed for core preparation govern front movement. PMID- 3224136 TI - Thermal analysis of water in p(HEMA) hydrogels. AB - Hydrogels composed of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and water were investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and adiabatic calorimetry (AC). The results show that the crystallization of water in the gels is a very gradual process, leading to the development of a metastable, non-equilibrium state. They are not in agreement with models that assume the actual presence of thermodynamically different classes of water in the gels, based on the abnormal melting behaviour of this water. The results indicate that the internal structure of these gels can be described as that of an elastic solution, in which the water molecules are distributed continuously over all possible orientations to and interactions with the polymer. PMID- 3224137 TI - Amphiphilic polyphosphazenes as membrane materials: influence of side group on radiation cross-linking. AB - The amphiphilic mixed-substituent polyphosphazenes, [NP(OCH2CF3)x (NHCH3)y)]n and [NP(OC6H5)x (NHCH3)y]n, have been prepared by the sequential replacement of chlorine in [NPCI2]n by trifluorethoxide or phenoxide and methylamine. Thin films of these species were cross-linked by exposure to gamma radiation and the semipermeability of the resultant membranes was monitored. The radiation-induced cross-linking and membrane-forming properties of these polymers were compared with those of the single substituent polymers, [NP(OCH2CF3)2]n, [NP(OC6H5)2]n, and [NP(NHCH3)2]n. The radiation-cross-linking and appeared to involve free radical reactions at the methyl groups of the methylamino substituents. The possible utility of these materials in biomedical research is discussed. PMID- 3224138 TI - Hydrophilic polyphosphazenes as hydrogels: radiation cross-linking and hydrogel characteristics of poly[bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene]. AB - The water-soluble polyphosphazene, [NP(OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3)2]n, cross-links when exposed to gamma rays to form hydrophilic, water-swellable membranes and hydrogels. The degree of cross-linking increases with irradiation dose in a manner that can be utilized to change the properties. gamma irradiation studies of the small molecule model compound, [NP(OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3)2]4, were also carried out to probe the relationship between irradiation dose and cross-link density. PMID- 3224139 TI - Biochemical study of adduct synthesis between fibrin monomers and elastin. AB - Monomers of fibrin generated by thrombin from fibrinogen reacted with elastin to give a new addition product or adduct. Adduct formation resulted from a covalent bond between fibrin monomers and elastin. The kinetic studies of this reaction confirmed that the adduct was formed before fibrin precipitated to produce the clot. The reaction depended on elastin, fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations. When thrombin-induced and reptilase-induced fibrin were compared, it became obvious that fibrin monomers did intervene more commonly as Des AA-fibrin than as Des AA.BB-fibrin. The adduct synthesis was completely inhibited by 150 microM of the peptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro which was previously known to stabilize the fibrin monomers and consequently to inhibit the polymerization completely. It is shown that FXIII could intervene directly in the reaction where homological quality of elastin (human versus bovine) and purity of thrombin were other important factors. PMID- 3224140 TI - Structural modifications and biological compatibility of doped bio-active glasses. AB - The Raman laser and infrared spectra of doped bio-active glasses of the 45S5 type are presented and discussed. The spectroscopic results show that the doping agents cause the destruction of the basic glass structure and the consequent formation of SiO4(4-) units in the glass network. When the doped glasses have been immersed in a physiological solution (199 medium), a film of calcite forms on the glass surface and this modification is related to the type of doping agent used, decisive for close linking between metal supports and the glass. The presence of doping agents does not prevent the normal growth of the bone onto the surface of doped bioactive glasses. Histological tests show that tissue response to very fine powders of doped glasses increases up to 15 days more or less according to the structural modifications revealed by spectroscopic measurements. PMID- 3224141 TI - Permeability of amalgam restorative materials. AB - The beneficial effect of fluoride-containing amalgam in preventing recurrent dental caries depends on the ability of the material to deliver fluoride (F). A two-chamber diffusion cell has been employed to monitor the diffusion of F in freshly prepared amalgam sections (membranes) as well as in amalgam sections stored in F solution for 15 d. The diffusion of 125I was also monitored, as a reference. Five and ten successive measurements at 72 h intervals were made on the fresh and stored amalgam specimens, respectively. The average diffusion coefficient, D, of F and 125I in fresh amalgam was 2.39 x 10(-10) and 1.85 x 10( 10) cm2/s, respectively. For stored amalgam, the average D of F during a 30 d experiment was 1.35 x 10(-10) cm2/s. The average D of F in stored amalgam, during the first 15 d of the experiment, was 31% less than in fresh amalgam (p less than 0.01). A decline in the diffusion process was observed during the course of the experiments. During 15 d diffusion in fresh amalgam and 30 d diffusion in stored amalgam the cumulative diffused F were 0.79 and 0.88% of the F in the source. SEM findings revealed the deposition of corrosion products on amalgam stored for 3 months in 0.19% F solution. PMID- 3224142 TI - Creep rupture of polypropylene sutures as a function of diameter, radiation dose and temperature. AB - The failure of polypropylene (PP) sutures was studied via creep rupture tests. Linear relationships were generated from plots of log time to break (tB) versus stress (sigma). At a constant sigma the results showed that tB was inversely proportional to the suture diameter (7-0, 6-0, 5-0 and 4-0) and to the radiation dose (0, 15, 20, 25 and 50 Mrad). Moreover, for the 6-0 suture size at a 15 Mrad dose, tB decreased with increasing temperature (26, 37, 44, 50 and 60 degrees C). For this creep rupture process the activation energy equalled 91.2 kJ/mol (21.8 kcal/mol). A mechanism for failure was presented which assumes that these sutures are bundles of oriented, semicrystalline microfibrils. PMID- 3224143 TI - Resolution of end-to-end distance distributions of flexible molecules using quenching-induced variations of the Forster distance for fluorescence energy transfer. AB - We describe a new method to recover the distribution of donor-to-acceptor (D-A) distances in flexible molecules using steady-state measurements of the efficiency of fluorescence energy transfer. The method depends upon changes in the Forster distance (Ro) induced by collisional quenching of the donor emission. The Ro dependent transfer efficiencies are analyzed using nonlinear least squares to recover the mean D-A distance and the width of the distribution. The method was developed and tested using three synthetic D-A pairs, in which the chromophores were separated by alkyl chains of varying lengths. As an example application we also recovered the distribution of distances from the single tryptophan residue in troponin I (trp 158) to acceptor-labeled cysteine 133. The half-width of the distribution increases from 12 A in the native state to 53 A when unfolded by guanidine hydrochloride. For both TnI and the three model compounds the distance distributions recovered from the steady-state transfer efficiencies were in excellent agreement with the distributions recovered using the more sophisticated frequency-domain method (Lakowicz, J.R., M.L. Johnson, W. Wiczk, A. Bhat, and R.F. Steiner. 1987. Chem. Phys. Lett. 138:587-593). The method was found to be reliable and should be generally useful for studies of conformational distributions of macromolecules. PMID- 3224144 TI - Direct fluorescence measurement of diffusional water permeability in the vasopressin-sensitive kidney collecting tubule. AB - A fluorescence method has been developed for accurate and instantaneous measurement of transepithelial diffusional water permeability (Pd) in perfused kidney tubules based on the sensitivity of the fluorophore aminonapthelane trisulfonic acid (ANTS) to solution H2O/D2O content. The fluorescence of ANTS was 3.2-fold lower in an H2O buffer than in a D2O buffer. The response of ANTS fluorescence to a change in solution H2O/D2O content occurred in less than 1 ms and was due to a collisional quenching mechanism. Isolated cortical (CCT) and outer medullary (OMCT) collecting tubules from rabbit were perfused with an isosmotic D2O buffer at specified lumen flow rates (2-100 nl/min); tubules were bathed in isosmotic H2O or D2O buffers in which vasopressin (VP) could be added rapidly. Lumen fluorescence was monitored by quantitative epifluorescence microscopy at 380 +/- 5 nm excitation and greater than 530 emission wavelengths. Pd was determined from tubule geometry, lumen flow, ANTS fluorescence, and ANTS fluorescence vs. H2O/D2O calibration relation. The instrument response time for a change in bath H2O/D2O content was less than 4 s. At 37 degrees C, Pd values (mean +/- SE in cm/s x 10(4] were 6.4 +/- 1.0 (-VP, n = 9) and 14.3 +/- 1.1 (+250 microU/ml bath VP, n = 9) in the CCT, and 5.8 +/- 1.0 (-VP, n = 6) and 15.3 +/- 2.0 (+VP, n = 6) in the OMCT; at 23 degrees C, Pd was 5.1 +/- 0.6 (-VP, n = 4) and 7.8 +/- 0.6 (+VP, n = 4) in the CCT. In response to rapid addition of 250 micro U/ml vasopressin to the bath, CCT Pd remained unchanged for 71 +/- l0s (n = 9, 37 degree C) and 170 +/- 45 s (n = 4, 23 degree C); this was followed by a slow increase in Pd(TI/2 = 91 +/- 17 s, 37 degree C; 119 +/- 31 s, 23 degree C) to the new steady-state value. These results provide a new approach for study of transepithelial water transport in kidney tubules. Compared with 3H20 methods, the fluorescence method is superior in technical simplicity, time resolution, and accuracy. The improved time resolution is important for examination of the pre steady-state kinetics of vasopressin-induced signalling events resulting in the hydroosmotic response. PMID- 3224146 TI - Analysis of diffusion delay in a layered medium. Application to heat measurements from muscle. AB - An analysis is presented of diffusional delays in one-dimensional heat flow through a medium consisting of several layers of different materials. The model specifically addresses the measurement of heat production by muscle, but diffusion of solute or conduction of charge through a layered medium will obey the same equations. The model consists of a semi-infinite medium, the muscle, in which heat production is spacially uniform but time varying. The heat diffuses through layers of solution and insulation to the center of the thermal element where heat flow is zero. Using Laplace transforms, transfer functions are derived for the temperature change in the center of the thermopile as a function of the temperature at any interface between differing materials or as a function of heat production in the muscle. From these transfer functions, approximate analytical expressions are derived for the time constants which scale the early and late changes in the central temperature. We find that the earliest temperature changes are limited by the diffusivities of the materials, whereas the approach to steady state depends on the total heat capacity of the system and the diffusivity of muscle. Hill (1937) analyzed a similar geometry by modeling the layered medium as a homogeneous system with an equivalent half thickness. We show that his analysis was accurate for the materials in his system. In general, however, and specifically with regard to modern thermopiles, a homogeneous approximation will lead to significant errors. We compare responses of different thermopiles to establish the limits of time resolution in muscle heat records and to correct them for diffusional delays. Using numerical techniques, we invert the Laplace transforms and show the time course of the temperature changes recorded by different instruments in response to different patterns of heat production. PMID- 3224145 TI - Rapid development of vasopressin-induced hydroosmosis in kidney collecting tubules measured by a new fluorescence technique. AB - The pre-steady-state kinetics of the vasopressin-induced increase in collecting tubule osmotic water permeability (Pf) has been measured by a new fluorescence technique. Isolated cortical collecting tubules (CCT) from rabbit kidney were perfused with physiological buffers containing the impermeant fluorophores fluorescein sulfonate (FS) and pyrenetetrasulfonic acid (PTSA). Tubules were subject to a 120 mOsm bath-to-lumen osmotic gradient in the presence and absence of 250 microU/ml vasopressin. The magnitude of transepithelial volume flow was determined from the self-quenching of FS, or from the ratio of PTSA/FS fluorescence, measured at 380 nm excitation and 420 +/- 10 nm (PTSA) and greater than 530 nm (FS) emission wavelengths. Pf was calculated from the magnitude of transepithelial volume flow, lumen and bath osmolarities, lumen perfusion rate, and tubule geometry. The instrument response time for a change in bath osmolality was less than 3 s. At 37 degrees C, CCT Pf was (in units of cm/s x 10(4] 13 +/- 2 (mean +/- SE, 16 tubules) before, and 227 +/- 10 after addition of vasopressin to the bath. CCT Pf began to increase in 23 +/- 3 s after vasopressin addition and was half-maximal after 186 +/- 20 s. At 23 degrees C, Pf was 9 +/- 1 (seven tubules) before, and 189 +/- 12 after vasopressin addition. Pf began to increase in 40 +/- 4 s and was half-maximal after 195 +/- 35 s. After vasopressin removal from the bath, Pf decreased to its baseline value with a half-time of 14 min. These results establish a direct fluorescence method to monitor instantaneous transepithelial Pf in perfused tubules and show a very fast stimulation of CCT Pf in response to vasopressin. PMID- 3224147 TI - Fusion events and nonfusion contents mixing events induced in erythrocyte ghosts by an electric pulse. AB - The mechanism of membrane fusion was studied by using human erythrocyte ghosts held in close contact by alternating current-induced dielectrophoresis and inducing fusion with a single electric field pulse. Individual fusion events were followed visually using either 1,1'-dihexadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindo carbocyanine perchlorate as a membrane-mixing label or 10-kD fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran as a contents-mixing label. However, over a range of variables, the number of contents-mixing events usually considerably exceeded the number of membrane-mixing events, although the discrepancy was less at higher ionic strength. However, when the dielectrophoretic force holding the membranes in contact was turned off after the pulse, Brownian motion caused some of the groups of ghosts in which contents mixing occurred to eventually separate from one another, showing that they could not represent fusion events. Separate experiments showed, conversely, that fusion did occur in the groups that did not separate after the dielectrophoresis was turned off. PMID- 3224148 TI - Perturbations to the intersystem crossing of proflavin upon binding to DNA and poly d(A-IU) from triplet-delayed emission spectroscopy. AB - The steady-state prompt fluorescence, phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence spectra and triplet lifetimes of free proflavin and proflavin bound to native DNA and alternating poly d(A-IU) were obtained as a function of temperature in a buffer-glycerol solvent. The intensity of the proflavin E-type delayed fluorescence (DF) relative to both the phosphorescence (Ph) and the prompt fluorescence (F) was observed to increase with temperature, and plots of both ln (DF/Ph) and ln (DF/(F.tau T] as a function of 1/T were linear over a wide range of temperatures. Although the activation energies for the thermal repopulation of the proflavin excited singlet state from the triplet obtained from the slopes of these plots were essentially unchanged on binding, perturbations to the S1----T1 intersystem crossing rate constants extracted from the intercepts at infinite temperature were observed. The marked enhancement of the intersystem crossing that occurs with binding to the iodinated polynucleotide reflects an external heavy atom perturbation upon the intercalated dye which also induces a shortening in the triplet lifetime. With proflavin bound to DNA an enhancement to the S1--- T1 intersystem crossing, though lesser in magnitude than for poly d(A-IU), is observed but with no change to the triplet lifetime. The well-studied fluorescence quenching of DNA-bound proflavin is a result of this increase in the intersystem crossing. It is proposed that these non-heavy atom enhancements in the intersystem crossing are due to distortions of the molecular plane of the bound proflavin molecule. In total these analyses provide a complete description of the excited state processes of the proflavin molecule and their variations with temperature. PMID- 3224149 TI - Theoretical response to trains of action potentials of a bifurcating axon with one short daughter branch. AB - It has been shown both experimentally (Stockbridge, N., and L. L. Stockbridge. 1988. J. Neurophysiol. 59:1277-1285) and theoretically (Stockbridge, N. 1988. J. Neurophysiol. 59:1286-1295) that the second of two closely spaced action potentials may be differentially conducted into a short daughter branch. Using numerical methods, the response to trains was examined in axons with a single bifurcation and uniform membrane properties. Short daughter branches conduct at higher rates of stimulation than do long branches. Under some conditions the longer daughter branch is always silent. Under other conditions, one or both branches will begin to conduct action potentials only when the stimulus frequency is high enough. PMID- 3224150 TI - Mechanics of sperm-egg interaction at the zona pellucida. AB - Mammalian sperm traverse several layers of egg vestments before fertilization can occur. The innermost vestment, the zona pellucida, is a glycoprotein shell, which captures and tethers the sperm before they penetrate it. We report here direct measurements of the force required to tether a motile human sperm as well as independent calculations of this force using flagellar beat parameters observed for sperm of several species on their homologous zonae. We have compared these sperm-generated forces with the calculated tensile strength of sperm-zona bonds, and found that a motile sperm can be tethered, at least temporarily, by a single bond. Therefore, sperm can be captured by the first bond formed and tethered permanently by a few. The sperm cannot subsequently penetrate the zona unless the bonds are first eliminated. However, premature elimination would simply allow the sperm to escape. Therefore, not only must the bonds be eliminated, but the timing of this must be regulated so that the sperm is already oriented toward the egg and beginning to penetrate as the bonds are broken. PMID- 3224151 TI - Acyl chain orientational order in the hexagonal HII phase of phospholipid-water dispersions. AB - The deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2H NMR) spectrum of perdeuterated tetradecanol in a mixture of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and water was used to compare the variation of the acyl chain orientational order parameter, S(n), with carbon position, n, in the liquid crystalline lamellar (L alpha) and hexagonal (HII) phases. The characteristics independence of S(n) with n (plateau) normally observed in the L alpha phase is replaced by a more rapid decrease of S(n) with n in the HII phase. It is suggested that as a consequence of the geometrical characteristics of the HII phase, there is an increase in conformational freedom available to different parts of the acyl chain. PMID- 3224152 TI - The kinetics relating calcium and force in skeletal muscle. AB - The kinetics relating Ca2+ transients and muscle force were examined using data obtained with the photoprotein aequorin in skeletal muscles of the rat, barnacle, and frog. These data were fitted by various models using nonlinear methods for minimizing the least mean square errors. Models in which Ca2+ binding to troponin was rate limiting for force production did not produce good agreement with the observed data, except for a small twitch of the barnacle muscle. Models in which cross-bridge kinetics were rate limiting also did not produce good agreement with the observed data, unless the detachment rate constant was allowed to increase sharply on the falling phase of tension production. Increasing the number of cross-bridge states did not dramatically improve the agreement between predicted and observed force. We conclude that the dynamic relationship between Ca2+ transients and force production in intact muscle fibers under physiological conditions can be approximated by a model in which (a) two Ca2+ ions bind rapidly to each troponin molecule, (b) force production is limited by the rate of formation of tightly bound cross-bridges, and (c) the rate of cross-bridge detachment increases rapidly once tension begins to decline and free Ca2+ levels have fallen to low values after the last stimulus. Such a model can account not only for the pattern of force production during a twitch and tetanus, but also the complex, nonlinear pattern of summation which is observed during an unfused tetanus at intermediate rates of stimulation. PMID- 3224153 TI - Picosecond absorption studies on the photodissociation of alpha- and beta nitrosyl hemoglobin monomers. AB - Transient absorption studies of the pump-probe type were performed on the NO forms of the alpha- and beta-monomers of hemoglobin using a Nd3+ phosphate-glass laser. A second harmonic 531-nm, 8-ps fwhm pulse pumped the Q-band while a delayed continuum generated pulse was used to monitor pi pi* Soret absorption changes in the 410-453-nm region. Photodissociation of nitrosyl alpha- and beta monomers was found to differ markedly from the tetramer in what we believe to be the formation of a five-coordinate HbNO (with proximal imidazole detached) photoproduct within the first 50 ps after photon absorption. PMID- 3224154 TI - Interaction between bending and tension forces in bilayer membranes. AB - A theoretical analysis is presented of the bending mechanics of a membrane consisting of two tightly-coupled leaflets, each of which shears and bends readily but strongly resists area changes. Structures of this type have been proposed to model biological membranes such as red blood cell membrane. It is shown that when such a membrane is bent, anisotropic components of resultant membrane tension (shear stresses) are induced, even when the tension in each leaflet is isotropic. The induced shear stresses increase as the square of the membrane curvature, and become significant for moderate curvatures (when the radius of curvature is much larger than the distance between the leaflets). This effect has implications for the analysis of shape and deformation of freely suspended and flowing red blood cells. PMID- 3224155 TI - Screening: potential for cancer prevention. AB - Cancer screening is the application of a test in large numbers of asymptomatic persons for the early detection of cancer. The objective is to reduce deaths among the population screened. Prerequisites for implementation of cancer screening are sufficient knowledge of the biology of the cancer, an appropriate screening test, an effective intervention, either by removal or with curative treatment, and the decision that the costs are worth the benefits. At this time, screening asymptomatic women for early detection of cancers of the cervix using the Pap test and breast using mammography has the greatest potential for the control of these common cancers. PMID- 3224156 TI - The ethics, the risks and the benefits of screening. AB - The ethical principles underlying screening are reviewed. It is concluded that the ethical requirements for the introduction of screening are stringent, and that screening should not be offered in the absence of unequivocal evidence of effectiveness except in a carefully conducted research study. Part of the reasons for this are the risks associated with screening, which extend beyond the risk of the test itself, to those associated with invitations for screening, false reassurance for false negatives, the diagnostic process and the problem of false positives, and the overtreatment of those with borderline abnormalities. Finally, the benefits expected from screening are considered, especially reduction in mortality from the disease, but also reduction in incidence if a precursor is detected by the test, less radical treatment for cases detected, reassurance for those who test true negative, and resource savings, though it has to be demonstrated that these exceed resource costs. PMID- 3224157 TI - Screening in breast cancer: a view from the front line. AB - Mammography screening presents the only real breakthrough in breast cancer in this century. Twenty-five percent of all cancer in women is breast cancer. About 50 percent of these women die from their disease. It has not been possible to reduce breast cancer mortality more than marginally by any mode of treatment. Single view mammography screening can do so, however, at the rate of 30 to 40 percent. Screening has many detractors, especially in the treatment camp. These detractors do not always act in the patients' best interests. Considering the vast resources used up until now in trying to improve on breast cancer treatment, and to little avail, it is time to divert some of these efforts to set up screening programmes wherever possible. Well handled, these are able to reduce suffering and health care costs and save lives. PMID- 3224158 TI - From Fernand Widal rhinitis syndrome and chronic sinusitis to total muco-ciliary disease. AB - It is claimed that 25% of the total population show symptoms of a muco-ciliary chronic sinusitis, presenting as a posterior catharrh that can be confirmed by computerized tomography and by prolonged sinuso-nasal saccharine clearance. This manifestation of the mucus ciliary transport syndrome may be associated with other disorders (rhinitis, otitis, bronchitis, irritable colon, sterility and dextrocardia). The role of aspirin and intolerance to other drugs or chemicals especially anti-inflammatory drugs, has been implicated. Acid air pollution may play a part, as the respiratory mucus does not tolerate an acid pH. Alkaline aerosols and theophyllin which activates cilia mobility, usually increase mucus fluidity and facilitate its clearance from the sinuses. PMID- 3224159 TI - Fibroblast growth inhibitor. AB - A new cytokine has been recognized in the conditioned media (CM) of freshly isolated acute myelocytic leukemia cells, cultured with 12-0-tetradecanayl phorbol acetate (TPA) 10(-8)M. The fraction with 70,000 MW was separated from CM by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange cation and anion chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. It was a fibroblast growth inhibitor (FGI). This substance stopped fetal and skin (MALME 3 line) fibroblast propagation. The cytostatic effect was reversible on removal of FGI. At the same time, FGI did not inhibit macrophage proliferation. The fraction stimulated formation of monocytic and granulocytic colonies altered the phenotype of human U-2 osteosarcoma cells grown from epithelial-like to fibroblast-like cells, and stimulated differentiation of leukemic cells along the macrophage path. Some cells of promyelocytic leukemia line HL-60, grown in the presence of FGI, were stimulated to differentiate and some underwent lysis. The response to FGI of cells from different patients varied. PMID- 3224160 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide administered alone or in combination with vindesin or cisplatin in 5 patients with bronchial adenocarcinoma. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide (CPH) administered intravenously at doses between 200-400 mg alone or in combination with vindesin (VDS) or cisplatin (cisPt) were studied in 5 patients who had bronchial adenocarcinoma, with normal liver and kidney functions. The linearity and the reproducibility of CPH kinetics were confirmed and its pharmacokinetic parameters were found to be unaffected by simultaneous or sequential administration of either vindesin or cisplatin. Total clearance was 7.69 +/- 3.53 1.hr-1 for CPH administered alone and 6.76 +/- 1.63 1.hr-1 for CPH administered with vindesin. Biological half-life was 4.3 +/- 1.5 hr (CPH alone) and 5.1 +/- 2.2 hr (CPH + VDS). PMID- 3224161 TI - Pharmacokinetic analyses with RUGFIT: an interactive pharmacokinetic computer program. AB - RUGFIT is an interactive computer program to fit polyexponential equations to experimental points without the need of assumptions about the number of exponential terms and without the need of initial parameter estimates. The fitting is performed by iterative stripping minimizing the sum of squared residuals. This procedure leads to multiple model equations describing the profile of the y-value in time, that are compared with the test of Boxenbaum et al. The examples analysed in this paper are: a plasma decay curve after an intravenous bolus injection and one after an oral gift, a dA/dt versus time curve with a lag time and a curve possibly reflecting an entero-hepatic recirculation. The outcomes are, where possible, compared with the outcomes obtained with the computer programs CFT3, NONLIN, and NONLINEAR (SPSS). The latter three programs sometimes run into a local minimum, as the outcomes obtained with RUGFIT were close to the best ones obtained with the other programs. The analyses with RUGFIT show that a choice of an inadequate model equation can lead to a marked error in the value of the area under the curve that may result in a marked error of, for instance, the bioavailability. The procedures of RUGFIT are illustrated in the Appendix. RUGFIT also contains options to calculate microparameters, to simulate dosage regimes, to calculate exponents and intercepts from rate constants and to analyse time effect relationships. PMID- 3224162 TI - Steady state relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral propranolol in black and white North Americans. AB - The steady state bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol over two consecutive dosing intervals were investigated in 18 black and 10 white normal volunteers following the administration of 20 mg of a test and reference oral dosage form, respectively, every 6 h. There were no differences (p greater than 0.05) between dosage forms in the mean (n = 28) area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) or time to Cmax (tmax) for propranolol or its active metabolite, 4-hydroxypropranolol. However, as a group blacks had lower plasma concentrations of propranolol during the second dosing interval (AUC-2 and Cmax-2, respectively) were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in blacks, but there were no ethnic differences (p greater than 0.05) in tmax. The mean AUC and Cmax for the 4-hydroxylated metabolite during both dosing intervals were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in blacks. Mean oral clearances of propranolol, assuming complete absorption, (range: 42.1-54.5 ml min-1 kg-1) were similar (p greater than 0.05) in each racial group. There were no substantial changes in heart rate or blood pressure in blacks or whites following propranolol administration. These data suggest that for oral propranolol, blacks have different absorption and disposition characteristics than whites. PMID- 3224163 TI - Noncompartmental area under the curve determinations for drugs that cycle in the bile. AB - Drugs that are involved in the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) generally exhibit complex disposition profiles and are difficult to describe by classical methods. A noncompartmental method for calculating the area under the curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC) for substances that are involved the EHC is developed and tested. Previous methods have been based on specific compartmental models and/or have been limited to a single enterohepatic cycle. The current method uses the following equations: (formula; see text) for an IV dose or (formula; see text) for an oral dose where kaR is the apparent first-order absorption rate constant and beta R is the rate constant that describes the decline in blood concentrations of drug at 24-h intervals, i.e., 12, 36, and 60 or 24, 48, and 72 h, etc. AUC0-24 can be calculated by trapezoidal summation. The precision of this method is dependent on the number of observations during the 0-24 h sampling period as well as the accuracy of kaR and beta R. For drugs that are subject to a distinct distribution phase(s), error can be introduced into the AUC0-infinity value if pseudo-equilibrium has not been achieved during the first 24-hour interval. Although the method depends on a linearization process, it is truly concompartmental ('model-independent') in nature. PMID- 3224164 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of methocarbamol in rats. AB - In a pharmacokinetic study, 15, 30, 60, and 150 mg kg-1 intravenous and oral doses of methocarbamol were administered to rats. Differences observed in plasma clearance values, i.e. 0.0203, 0.0156, 0.0123, and 0.0085 1 kg-1 min-1 for 15, 30, 60, and 150 mg kg-1, respectively, suggested a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drug. Elimination according to a biocompartmental open model and Michaelis-Menten kinetics fits the plasma level data. Estimated Km and Vmax values were 38.49 +/- 3.71 mg l-1 and 1.24 +/- 0.06 mg l-1 min-1, respectively. After oral administration of 15, 30, and 60 mg kg-1 the peak plasma levels were reached earlier. The tmax values were 6, 6, and 10 min, respectively. After 150 mg kg-1 oral doses, peak plasma levels were reached later (tmax = 150 min). Estimated bioavailability ranged between 77 and 112 per cent. PMID- 3224165 TI - Mercury in women exposed to methylmercury through fish consumption, and in their newborn babies and breast milk. PMID- 3224166 TI - Cholinesterase depression among Senegalese crop protection workers exposed to organophosphorous pesticides. PMID- 3224167 TI - Sewage hardness and mortality from cancer and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3224168 TI - p,p'-DDT is an estrogenic compound. PMID- 3224169 TI - Ozone inhalation in rats: effects on alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in lavage and plasma. PMID- 3224170 TI - An attempt to assess the inheritable effect of methylmercury toxicity subsequent to prenatal exposure of mice. PMID- 3224171 TI - Results of a short-term toxicity study for three organic chemicals found in Niagara River drinking water. PMID- 3224172 TI - In vitro inactivation of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenases from rats by dithiocarbamates with or without metals. PMID- 3224173 TI - Persistence of captafol in soils with and without amendments and its effects on soil microflora. PMID- 3224174 TI - Effect of phorate with and without amendments on soil microflora. PMID- 3224175 TI - Degradation of bromoform and chlorodibromomethane in a catalyzed H2-water system. PMID- 3224176 TI - Loss of trifluralin from clay and loam soils containing aged and freshly applied residues. PMID- 3224177 TI - Chronic effects of contaminated sediment on Daphnia magna and Chironomus tentans. PMID- 3224178 TI - Sublethal toxicity of an insecticide to the epidermal melanophores of Rana tadpoles. PMID- 3224179 TI - Acute toxicity and behavioral effects of acrylates and methacrylates to juvenile fathead minnows. PMID- 3224180 TI - In vivo and in vitro effect of triclorfon on esterases of the red crayfish Procambarus clarkii. PMID- 3224181 TI - Toxicity of six heterocyclic nitrogen compounds to Daphnia pulex. PMID- 3224182 TI - Evaluation of the acute toxicity to juvenile pacific salmonids of hexazinone and its formulated products: Pronone 10G, Velpar L, and their carriers. PMID- 3224183 TI - Pesticides in fish tissue and water from Tuttle Creek Lake, Kansas. PMID- 3224184 TI - Organic contaminants in isolated lakes of southern Labrador, Canada. PMID- 3224185 TI - Journal interview 21. Conversation with Harold Kalant. PMID- 3224186 TI - Co-ordinating drugs research in Britain. PMID- 3224187 TI - Economic cost of alcohol-related health care in New Zealand: an interpretive comment. PMID- 3224188 TI - 'Drug scenes'. The start of a debate. PMID- 3224189 TI - Expectations about appropriate drinking contexts: comparisons of parents, adolescents and best friends. PMID- 3224190 TI - Bias due to non-response in a Dutch survey on alcohol consumption. PMID- 3224191 TI - Preference for 2 mg versus 4 mg nicotine chewing gum. PMID- 3224192 TI - Are the cage question outdated? PMID- 3224193 TI - Economical with the truth? What to tell the patient in a clinical trial. PMID- 3224194 TI - Informed consent: the bounds of maternalism. PMID- 3224195 TI - Behavioural analysis of addiction: what future does it have? PMID- 3224196 TI - Alcohol cognitive impairment and aging: still an uncertain relationship. PMID- 3224197 TI - Substance abuse and professional education: a tops-down or bottoms-up approach? PMID- 3224198 TI - The role of genetics in the response to tuberculin and to other mycobacterial sensitins. PMID- 3224199 TI - Height, weight and incidence of tuberculosis. PMID- 3224200 TI - Habits and attitudes towards smoking among the health staff of a large Parisian hospital. PMID- 3224201 TI - The effects of the AIDS epidemic on the tuberculosis problem and tuberculosis programmes. PMID- 3224202 TI - The potential impact of AIDS on the tuberculosis situation in developed and developing countries. PMID- 3224203 TI - AIDS information for travellers. PMID- 3224204 TI - The critical role of counselling. PMID- 3224205 TI - Arming health workers for the AIDS challenge. PMID- 3224206 TI - Ten years without smallpox. PMID- 3224207 TI - Tobacco or health. PMID- 3224209 TI - Guidelines on sterilization and high-level disinfection methods effective against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PMID- 3224208 TI - Overview and epidemiological assessment of the current global tuberculosis situation: with an emphasis on tuberculosis control in developing countries. PMID- 3224210 TI - Electron microscope analysis of the E polytene chromosome of Drosophila subobscura: region 70B to 72D. AB - Revision of the reference map of the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila subobscura was started by means of the electron microscope. We present a map of regions 70B to 72D of the E chromosome obtained from squashed and thin-sectioned salivary glands. It was observed that the total number of bands in divisions 70B to 72D is considerably higher than those depicted in the reference map of Kunze Muhl and Muller. Functional considerations are made of some regions that show puff structures. PMID- 3224211 TI - Three-dimensional ultrastructure and quantitative analysis of the human Sertoli cell nucleolus. AB - The nucleolus of the human Sertoli cell displays a spontaneous segregation of its components and has only one or 2 large fibrillar centers. The 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative analysis of its components was undertaken using a Quantimet 900 image analysis system in order to define the spatial relationships between the dense fibrillar component and the fibrillar center and especially to investigate whether threads of dense fibrillar component exist independently, without being linked to a fibrillar center. Our 3D reconstructions demonstrated that the dense fibrillar threads or sheets were never independent of fibrillar centers. These structures belonged to a continuous network that joined the layer of dense fibrils surrounding the fibrillar center. When the nucleolus contained 2 different-sized fibrillar centers, quantitative analysis showed that there was a proportional relationship between the volume of the dense fibrillar component and the volume of the fibrillar center. These data, compared with those previously obtained by means of autoradiographic techniques, suggest that the rDNA containing chromatin passes through the fibrillar center and unwinds from there into the dense fibrillar component. PMID- 3224212 TI - Enucleation of phagocytic cells with adenine, guanine, and their nucleosides in combination with centrifugation. AB - Several purine compounds, such as adenine, guanine, adenosine, guanosine, and their related compounds, exhibited enucleation activity on adherent mouse peritoneal exudate cells (macrophages) during centrifugation at 25,000 and 35,000 g for 60 min at 34 degrees-36 degrees C in medium containing one of these compounds. Enucleation activity, however, did not occur in cells treated with adenine nucleotides, inosine, xanthine, or any of the tested pyrimidines. The purine compounds also had enucleation activity on mouse macrophage-like cell lines (P388D1 and RAW 264) and mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but not on other typical cell lines such as a human epithelial cell line (HeLa S-3) or a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Cytochalasin B (CB) treatment, however, resulted in the enucleation of all cell types tested, even at a centrifugal force as low as 5,000 g. The process of macrophage enucleation was observed by both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In enucleated macrophages that had been treated with purine compounds, but not with CB, a newly formed cytoplasmic crater-like structure (about 3-9 microns in diameter) was observed at the original site of the nucleus. Surface structures, such as microvilli and membrane ruffles, remained relatively intact in macrophages that had been enucleated by treatment with purine compounds. By contrast, these surface structures were markedly changed in CB-treated macrophages. Purine compounds may affect cytoskeletal elements in ways similar to the well characterized effects of CB, and thus result in the enucleation of phagocytes. However, the characteristic differences in the enucleation activity exhibited by purine compounds and CB may indicate that purines have a mechanism of action different from that of CB. PMID- 3224213 TI - Vasopressin modifies osmium impregnation of the endoplasmic reticulum in cultured kidney collecting duct cells. AB - The ultrastructure of collecting duct epithelia was studied with the osmium impregnation technique in renal cortical explants grown in culture in the form of globular bodies. When this technique was applied to 7-day-old globular bodies, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the superficial layer cells was faintly impregnated in the presence or absence of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in the incubation medium; the ER of the cells located in the core of the globular bodies was densely impregnated with osmium. When these globular bodies were sectioned in 2 fragments and one was incubated in AVP for 30 min while the other was used as a control, a marked increase in osmium impregnation occurred: osmium black deposits were then noted in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum of two-thirds of the cells in the superficial layer. Various patterns of impregnation were observed. Cryptlike formations gave rise to mature epithelial cells showing the same pattern of osmium impregnation. When cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was substituted for AVP in the incubation medium, the treated globular bodies revealed the same ultrastructural characteristics. Our data suggest that this primary culture of collecting duct epithelia is made up of heterogeneous cells with characteristics of principal and intercalated cells and that the AVP has a stimulatory effect on ER maturation, which is mediated by the adenylate cyclase system. PMID- 3224214 TI - Hyaluronic acid-degrading enzymes in rat alveolar macrophages and in alveolar fluid: stimulation of enzyme activity after oral treatment with the immunomodulator RU 41740. AB - RU 41740 (Biostim) is an immunomodulator clinically used for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and recurrent pulmonary infections. In these diseases large amounts of mucus are produced which congest the bronchi. A major glycosaminoglycan constituent of this mucus is hyaluronic acid, one of the largest molecules in nature; its metabolic degradation is carried out by 3 acid hydrolases: hyaluronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase. In the lung these enzymes are especially synthesized and active in alveolar macrophages. It was thus interesting to study the effect of RU 41740 administration on the hyaluronic acid-degrading activity of these cells. This compound was given by gastric gavage to rats and the activities of lung alveolar macrophage and alveolar fluid hyaluronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase as a lysosomal marker were determined. The effect on macrophage proliferation was also examined. The results obtained showed that: (1) unstimulated alveolar macrophages display the remarkable property, compared with other cell types, that hyaluronidase activity is about equally distributed between the inside and the outside of the cell; (2) RU 41740 administration increases the total activity of the 4 enzymes studied in the alveolar macrophages without inducing any increase in the number of macrophages; (3) the intracellular activities of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta glucuronidase are markedly increased, whereas intracellular hyaluronidase activity is not changed. However, in the extracellular fluid only hyaluronidase activity is highly increased; (4) even the lysosomal marker enzyme acid phosphatase has only its intracellular activity increased. This would suggest the possibility that other lysosomal enzymes may also be increased by this immunomodulator.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224215 TI - Degradation of yolk in the brine shrimp Artemia. Biochemical and morphological studies on the involvement of the lysosomal system. AB - The degradation of yolk granules during the development of Artemia was studied. The results obtained suggest that lysosomes are involved in the process. In homogenates of embryos and larvae at different stages of development, the distribution of 2 lysosomal markers, acid phosphatase and cathepsin B, was studied by sucrose isopycnic gradient centrifugation. Three peaks of enzyme activity of densities greater than 1.3 and around 1.25 and 1.18 were observed. As revealed by electron microscope analysis, the 3 peaks were found to be associated with increasingly degraded yolk structures which stained for acid phosphatase. The process can be mimicked in vitro by incubating isolated yolk granules and lysosomes. The enzyme activity levels of the 3 peaks observed during development presented an oscillatory pattern, suggesting that degradation of yolk is cyclic. Five cycles of degradation were observed during the initial 60 hr of development. PMID- 3224216 TI - Isolation and characterization of stable nuclear matrix preparations and associated DNA from avian erythroblasts. AB - A novel procedure for isolation of nuclear matrices from chicken erythroblast cells was elaborated. The influence of variations in the isolation procedure on structural integrity and morphology of nuclear matrices as well as on properties of the nuclear matrix-associated DNA fractions was investigated. The incubation of isolated nuclei in the presence of Cu2+ ions provided significant stabilization of the nuclear matrix. Copper treatment of nuclei did not affect the properties of the nuclear skeleton-associated DNA fraction. In both copper stabilized as well as unstabilized nuclei, nuclear matrix-attached DNA was digested to the same extent with nucleolytic enzymes, and could be totally removed from nuclear matrices by 2 M NaCl-2 M urea treatment. The fine morphology of the nuclear matrix did not change after extraction of nuclear skeleton associated DNA fragments. In the presence or absence of copper ions, matrix DNA was found to be qualitatively different compared with total DNA, in particular with respect to the representation of specific repetitive sequences of the chicken beta globin gene domain. PMID- 3224217 TI - Culture of proliferating and differentiating fat-storing cells in 3T3-conditioned medium. AB - There is growing evidence suggesting that hepatic fat-storing cells (FSC) or Ito cells have an important function in vitamin A storage and metabolism and in the synthesis of connective tissue components in normal liver and during fibrogenesis. The purified FSC acquire a fibroblastic morphology and their vitamin A content decreases in culture. We cultivated cells under in vitro conditions that allowed the expression of FSC morphological and functional characteristics for 3-4 weeks of primary culture. Cells were isolated from rat liver by the collagenase-perfusion method without further purification and cultured with 3T3-conditioned medium, which seemed to stimulate the selective proliferation of the FSC. After 8-10 days, round and stellate cells grew actively from a few precursor cells in the primary culture and were not subcultivated; the stellate cells had the ability to become round and vice versa and were highly motile. The cells had intracytoplasmic lipid droplets, a well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, numerous vesicles filled with electron dense material, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components on their surface. Both stellate and round cells showed the presence of desmin by immunofluorescence and vitamin A autofluorescence, but lacked peroxidase activity. The culture conditions we describe allowed the selective proliferation of cells with morphological and functional characteristics of the FSC in the normal liver, raising the possibility of studying FSC proliferation and differentiation. PMID- 3224218 TI - Cilia-lacking respiratory cells in ciliary aplasia. AB - This report describes the ultrastructural alterations observed in the nasal and bronchial mucosa of an 11-yr-old male suffering from immotile cilia syndrome (ICS). The morphological features observed in this patient are consistent with a ciliary aplasia. In fact, ciliated cells appeared to be replaced by columnar cells lacking cilia and basal bodies, and bearing on their surface cilium-like projections without any internal axonemal structure. In spite of the absence of basal bodies, centrioles, and kinocilia, these cells unexpectedly showed mature striated roots and centriolar precursor material scattered throughout the apical cytoplasm. These data suggest that control over basal body assembly is distinct from control over striated root formation. The presence of the above-reported structures in cells otherwise presenting many morphological features of normal ciliated cells is discussed on the basis of current knowledge of respiratory cilia biogenesis. PMID- 3224219 TI - Nicotinic and muscarinic responses of embryonic chick ventricular myocardium to acetylcholine: chronotropic and electrophysiological effects. AB - Sensitivity of 7-day-old chick embryo ventricular heart fragments to acetylcholine was investigated. Low doses mainly produced a positive chronotropic effect, whereas high doses of acetylcholine provoked a decrease in the heart beat rhythm. The positive chronotropic effect of acetylcholine was related to the presence of nicotinic receptors that were evidenced within ventricular myocardium by autoradiography. Membrane potential recording showed that acetylcholine hyperpolarizes the diastolic membrane potential when the drug had a negative chronotropic effect. This effect of acetylcholine on the membrane potential was not observed when the drug had a positive chronotropic effect. In many cases, the diastolic membrane potential exhibited spontaneous small depolarizing potentials. Their amplitude was low and their frequency was irregular. These potentials were suppressed by treatment with alpha-bungarotoxin, suggesting that they are triggered by nicotinic receptor activation. PMID- 3224220 TI - Synthesis of melatonin by the pineal modified photoreceptors of birds immunocytochemical localization of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase. AB - Photoperiodic control of several biological rhythms is exerted through the inhibitory effect of light on melatonin synthesis in the pineal organ. Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIO-MT), the last acting-enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis, constitutes a specific marker of melatoninergic cells. In the present study, an antibody directed against chicken HIOMT was affinity-purified and used to identify melatoninergic cells in the pineal organ of chicken, quail, sparrow and blackbird. Regardless of the species, intense immunocytochemical reactions were observed in modified photoreceptors, whereas other cellular constituents (mostly glial cells) remained unlabeled. We conclude that modified photoreceptors synthesize melatonin in the avian pineal gland and are thus accountable for the translation of the photoperiodic input into hormonal output. PMID- 3224221 TI - Monograph support provided by the National Library of Medicine and its regional medical libraries in the medical behavioral sciences. AB - The National Library of Medicine's (NLM) monographic resources in the medical behavioral sciences (MBS) were examined to assess NLM's ability to support the needs of researchers writing in this area. A sample of 239 representative monographs derived from citations in MBS-related articles published in 61 journals in 1981 were evaluated. These monographs were limited to works published between 1978 and 1981, inclusive. The subject distribution of the sample included fourteen of the twenty-one main classes in the LC classification, although BF (psychology), H (social sciences), and R (medicine) constituted 80.3% of the sample. The study revealed that NLM held 48.5% of the sample. The holdings of ten research medical libraries, including six of the seven regional medical libraries, were also evaluated in order to gauge NLM's ability to support that element of the medical library network. The holding rates of these libraries ranged widely (9.6% to 36%), although NLM was found to have far more extensive holdings overall, and when assessed against classes BF, H, and R. Overall, NLM could have supplied from 28.8% to 44.5% of the monographs not held by the medical libraries. In only a few cases were the ten medical libraries able to provide access to monographs not held by NLM. The findings of the study indicate that, regardless of NLM's indication of support to the MBS area, the holdings of more general research and academic libraries are essential to support the monograph needs of MBS researchers. PMID- 3224222 TI - Domus or polis? The location of values. PMID- 3224223 TI - The economics of academic health sciences libraries: cost recovery in the era of big science. AB - With launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s, science and technology became a high priority in the United States. During the two decades since, health sciences libraries have experienced changes in almost all aspects of their operations. Additionally, recent developments in medical care and in medical education have had major influences on the mission of health science libraries. In the unending struggle to keep up with new technologies and services, libraries have had to support increasing demands while they receive a decreasing share of the health care dollar. This paper explores the economic challenges faced by academic health sciences libraries and suggests measures for augmenting traditional sources of funding. The development of marketing efforts, institutional memberships, and fee-based services by the Louis Calder Memorial Library, University of Miami School of Medicine, is presented as a case study. PMID- 3224224 TI - Library use and information-seeking behavior of veterinary medical students. AB - Veterinary medical students at Iowa State University were assessed for general use of the veterinary library and for their information-seeking behavior. The library was most frequently used for studying and for making photocopies of materials. The typical respondent relied on course textbooks and handouts for current information on unfamiliar topics, instead of using indexes or abstracts for guidance to recent literature. Light use of library information resources raises the concern that students are developing an inadequate base of retrieval skills for finding information on new procedures, diseases and drugs. No differences were found between students with and without formal bibliographic instruction in their approaches to seeking information or in library use. PMID- 3224225 TI - A hospital microwave system for library telecommunication. AB - The medical library of the Olin E. Teague Veterans' Center needed access to an online integrated library system at a site eighty miles away. The center already operated a tower-to-tower microwave for teleconferencing and the library was able to use this as a temporary means of communication with the distant online system. The microwave link performed satisfactorily, leading to consideration of its use for other library applications. PMID- 3224226 TI - A local network for sharing resources and technical support: BACS/PHILNET. AB - Within the framework of large regional and national networks, local libraries can benefit by working together. We report the establishment of an online health sciences library network to share resources and technical support in the greater St. Louis area. BACS/PHILNET has evolved beyond a local automated interlibrary loan network to pilot off-site integrated library and information management systems in hospitals. PMID- 3224227 TI - Comprehensive adolescent fertility project in Jamaica. PMID- 3224228 TI - Stability of rabies suckling mouse brain vaccine stored at different temperatures. PMID- 3224229 TI - Decanting a psychiatric hospital: development of a patient assessment methodology. PMID- 3224230 TI - Prospective electroconvulsive therapy in a delusional depressed patient with a frontal meningioma. A case report. AB - The prospective, successful, use of ECT in a patient with a frontal meningioma is described. The authors review the literature on ECT in patients with brain tumours, and suggest factors predictive of a favourable outcome. PMID- 3224231 TI - Spectrum concept of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. AB - Although neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) was initially thought to be a rare, idiosyncratic complication, the incidence estimates have been rising over the years. A part of this increase can be explained on the basis of an over-inclusive definition of NMS. The unitary concept of NMS has been challenged recently and a spectrum concept has been enunciated on the basis of findings of retrospective chart-reviews which have used too broad a definition of NMS. The authors describe three cases of neuroleptic-related toxicity with different clinical presentations which appeared in a manner apparently supporting the spectrum concept. They discuss this controversial concept critically, however, and caution against its overzealous use in routine clinical practice owing to its far-reaching clinical implications. PMID- 3224232 TI - Sex differences in the seasonal distribution of suicides. AB - An attempt was made to replicate in the USA sex differences reported for the seasonal distribution of suicide in the UK, Finland and Australia. No sex differences were found. Spring and late summer peaks were found for suicides by both males and females. The method of suicide was found to be an important factor in the seasonal distribution of the suicides of males and females. PMID- 3224233 TI - Capgras syndrome heralding the development of dementia. AB - Delusional misidentification of people otherwise well known, referred to as the Capgras syndrome, has been described in both functional and organic conditions. Evidence is accruing to suggest that it would always be prudent to search vigorously for an organic aetiology. PMID- 3224234 TI - Supportive psychotherapy: a contradiction in terms? PMID- 3224235 TI - Naloxone in heroin withdrawal. PMID- 3224236 TI - Melatonin secretion and anorexia nervosa--a serious type II error. PMID- 3224237 TI - Elderly offenders. PMID- 3224238 TI - Psychosis, body weight and plasma sodium. PMID- 3224239 TI - The mind-body problem: another defect in training. PMID- 3224240 TI - Depression in adolescents and young adults. PMID- 3224241 TI - Comparison of electrical measurements on constant voltage and constant current ECT machines. PMID- 3224242 TI - The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 3224243 TI - Behaviourally disturbed HIV patients. PMID- 3224244 TI - Fear of AIDS. PMID- 3224245 TI - Mania in a case of Eale's disease. PMID- 3224246 TI - Assessing the epidemiology of suicide and parasuicide. PMID- 3224247 TI - The relationship between psychiatric research and public policy. AB - The rationale upon which public policy for the support of psychiatric research has been fashioned and the extent to which the results of that research are used to shape public mental-health policy are examined. Support for research competes with other claims for resource allocation and the decisions made reflect the relative strength of the interested constituencies. When research findings promise cost savings, they are readily adopted (sometimes unwisely so), but when they require substantial new outlays or changes in bureaucratic agencies, they are all too often ignored. PMID- 3224248 TI - Psychiatric morbidity and social problems in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - A two-stage screening strategy was used to study psychiatric morbidity and social problems in a consecutive series of out-patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was 18%, and consisted of depression, anxiety, and attendant symptoms. Patients reporting major social problems had significantly higher levels of psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatric morbidity was not associated with the presence of complications of diabetes. PMID- 3224249 TI - Personality disorder: the patients psychiatrists dislike. AB - A sample of psychiatrists was asked to read a case vignette and indicate likely management and attitudes to the patient on a number of semantic-differential scales. Patients given a previous diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) were seen as more difficult and less deserving of care compared with control subjects who were not. The PD cases were regarded as manipulative, attention-seeking, annoying, and in control of their suicidal urges and debts. PD therefore appears to be an enduring pejorative judgement rather than a clinical diagnosis. It is proposed that the concept be abandoned. PMID- 3224250 TI - The aetiology of aggression in temporal-lobe epilepsy. AB - A retrospective case-note survey was carried out on 31 subjects admitted with temporal-lobe epilepsy to the Maudsley hospital from 1974-1983 inclusive. Fourteen aggressive subjects were compared with the non-aggressive patients on 95 organic, developmental, and social variables. Aggressive behaviour was associated with male sex, early onset of seizures, and a history of long-standing behavioural problems. Aggressive subjects had lower mean IQ scores and poorer occupational records than controls. No relationship was found between aggression and the presence of specific EEG or CAT scan findings, or a history of psychosis. The results demonstrate the complex interplay between organic and socially mediated factors underlying aggressive behaviour in temporal-lobe epilepsy. PMID- 3224251 TI - Depression and the physical environment. A study of young married women on a London housing estate. AB - A depression-screening instrument (DSI) was administered to all 25-34-year-old, British-born, married women registered with a health centre on a south-east London housing estate. A disproportionate number of high scorers lived in those dwellings with the highest disadvantagement score. The dwelling interiors of the high DSI scorers were significantly poorer in appearance compared with those of the low scorers. Significantly more of the high scorers (and of their husbands) described the estate as unpleasant, and bad for their children. They raised significantly more objections to other residents' (including children's) behaviour. Their complaints were only partly explicable in terms of their less favourable accommodation. PMID- 3224252 TI - Blunted response of growth hormone to clonidine and apomorphine in endogenous depression. AB - We measured the growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine (an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist) and to apomorphine (a dopaminergic agonist) in 15 major endogenous and 15 minor depressive in-patients matched for gender and age. Results showed a significantly smaller GH response in the major depressives to both clonidine (P less than 0.01) and apomorphine (P less than 0.001). No significant difference existed between the two groups with regard to changes in blood pressure and pulse rate during either test. While major depressives showed a trend toward smaller sedative side-effects than minor depressives after clonidine, they showed significantly smaller sedative and gastro-intestinal side-effects after apomorphine. No significant correlation was present either in the major depressive or in the minor depressive group between the GH responses following clonidine and apomorphine challenges. These results support the hypothesis of both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter disturbances in major depression, with individual variability with regard to those biochemical anomalies. PMID- 3224253 TI - Physical complications in anorexia nervosa. Haematological and neuromuscular changes in 12 patients. AB - Of twelve patients consecutively admitted to the Maudsley Hospital Eating Disorders Unit, four had neuromuscular abnormality, eight haematological abnormality, and four no abnormality. All those having neuromuscular signs had concomitant haematological dysfunction. Vomiting, and food restriction with vegetarianism, appeared more likely to lead to complications than either food restriction alone or laxative abuse. The physical status of severely underweight patients admitted for refeeding needs to be carefully monitored. PMID- 3224254 TI - Hyperventilation in panic attacks. Ambulant monitoring of transcutaneous carbon dioxide. AB - Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring has been used to investigate directly the frequency and role of hyperventilation during naturally occurring panic attacks in freely ambulant volunteers and patients. Illustrative preliminary data from healthy subjects and from four patients with panic attacks are presented. These confirm that some patients do hyperventilate during their attacks but indicate that some do not. The unreliability of traditional methods for identifying hyperventilators is demonstrated. These data indicate the potential of ambulant monitoring in research into hyperventilation and panic. PMID- 3224255 TI - Child and family factors associated with referral to child psychiatrists. AB - We compared children aged 7-12 years referred to child psychiatrists by general practitioners (GPs) with community control children matched for the presence of psychiatric disorder. Referral status in psychiatrically disturbed children was linked to male sex, severity of the disorder, mental problems in the mothers, high levels of psychosocial stress in the family, and less support from extended families. For the whole group of referred children, the referral was associated with high antisocial scores on parental questionnaires, with parental reports of problems in controlling the children, and of high levels of stress felt in relation to them. In addition, parents of referred children were in disadvantaged socioeconomic groups. PMID- 3224256 TI - A matched-control follow-up and family study of 'puerperal psychoses'. AB - A hundred and ten women admitted to a psychiatric hospital within 90 days of childbirth were individually matched for age, psychiatric syndrome, and year of admission with women admitted to the same hospital with illnesses unrelated to childbirth. Both groups were followed up after a mean interval of nine years, and 72 matched pairs of patients for whom adequate information was obtained were then compared. The previous and subsequent psychiatric morbidity of these two groups, their subsequent obstetric careers, and the psychiatric morbidity of their first degree relatives were all very similar. However, the puerperal women had significantly fewer relapses in the follow-up period, fewer committed suicide, and the psychiatric morbidity of their relatives tended to be lower. This better outcome was most marked in puerperal subjects with major depressions; those with manic disorders fared no better than controls. These results suggest that puerperal psychoses are basically the same as affective illnesses occurring at other times but, because childbirth is a uniquely potent precipitant of affective illness, some of those who develop puerperal episodes have a lesser genetic predisposition to affective illness than the generality of women with affective disorders. PMID- 3224257 TI - Comprehension and motivation in responses to a psychiatric screening instrument. Validity of the SRQ in Ethiopia. AB - The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), a psychiatric-case-finding instrument designed by the WHO for developing countries, was tested in Ethiopia. It was submitted to 40 patients attending a psychiatric clinic, 30 at a somatic clinic, and 40 subjects not attending a clinic. Forty per cent of the yes-answers were rated as invalid. The concept-invalidity contributed mainly to the rather poor criterion-validity of the SRQ. In addition, clinic patients seemed to heighten the number of yes-answers to express their need for help. The SRQ measured not only psychiatric complaints but also illness behaviour, even without the presence of any illness. This is a substantial disadvantage if the SRQ is applied to detect the psychiatric cases in the primary-care facilities. PMID- 3224258 TI - Differential expression of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in neural retina and retinal pigmented epithelium during chick development. AB - Neural retina (NR) and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) were used as a model for studying acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues during development. In chick embryo retina, increasing AChE activity appeared from day 7 to hatching, first in NR and then in RPE. NR contained 3 main AChE forms, 11.3S, 6.5S and 4.5S, resolved by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. An additional 19S form was exclusively detected in RPE whatever the extraction procedure followed. During differentiation, the proportions of AChE molecular form changed until they reached a steady state characteristic of mature neural retina, whereas in RPE, patterns of AChE molecular forms did not change significantly during development. Thus, 19S AChE appeared to be characteristic of non-neuronal retinal tissue. The expression of the AChE molecular forms in NR and RPE, and particularly the 19S form, was independent of the presence of the lens during retinal differentiation. PMID- 3224259 TI - A quantitative analysis of glial cell coupling in the retina of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). AB - The strength of gap junctional coupling of radial glial cells (Muller cells) in the isolated axolotl retina was assessed by monitoring the spread of dye between cells, and by injecting current into one cell and recording the voltage response in surrounding cells. Dye injected into one Muller cell spread to surrounding Muller cells, and could be detected up to 130 micron away, i.e. over 4 times the mean Muller cell spacing of 30 micron. Injecting 1 nA of current into a Muller cell evoked responses of 7 mV in that cell, 1 mV in next neighbour cells, and 0.2 mV in cells at 60 micron distance. Analysis of these data indicates an electrical space constant for the Muller cell network of 15 micron, and predicts that isolated cells should have a resistance of 11.4 M omega. Muller cells isolated by papain dissociation of the retina were found, by whole-cell patch-clamping, to have a mean resistance of 12.4 M omega. These results on lateral coupling are combined with data showing that over 90% of the Muller cell potassium conductance is in the vitreal endfoot of these cells to provide a fairly complete electrical description of the radial glial cell network in the retina. Gap junctional coupling of Muller cells increases by 60% the 'spatial buffering' that these glial cells can carry out to reduce localized rises in extracellular potassium concentration. The location of the majority of the Muller cell potassium conductance in the cell endfoot ensures that laterally buffered K+ is deposited in the vitreous, rather than depolarizing surrounding retinal neurones. PMID- 3224260 TI - Astrocyte proliferation precedes a decrease in basket cells in the dentate fascia following chronic ethanol treatment in mice. AB - The effect of chronic ethanol administration on the density of basket cells in the dentate gyrus of mice selectively bred for their sensitivity to acute ethanol exposure (long-sleep, LS and short-sleep, SS) was assessed in two experiments. In addition, the effect of chronic ethanol on the density of dentate granule cells and astrocytes was examined. In the first experiment, mice received 3 weeks of a liquid ethanol diet with 35% of their calories derived from ethanol (EDC). In this experiment, LS mice did not demonstrate a change in the density of granule cells or in the density of basket cells. There was, however, a significant increase in the density of astrocytes as a result of this treatment for the LS mice. The SS mice were unaffected on all measures. In the second experiment, portions of which have been reported previously, mice received a diet with 23% EDC for 3 months. As a result of this exposure, LS mice showed a significant decrease in the density of basket cells, but there was no change in the density of granule cells or astrocytes. There was no difference between controls and experimental mice from the SS group on any of these parameters. These results suggest that at least in the dentate gyrus, chronic ethanol treatment selectively reduces the density of basket cells but only in mice that are more sensitive to the hypnotic effects of acute ethanol exposure. Furthermore, this effect seems to be preceded by an apparent increase in the density of astrocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224261 TI - Increased basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) immunoreactivity at the site of focal brain wounds. AB - Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a polypeptide found within the CNS with potent effects on the survival and proliferation of CNS glia and endothelial cells, and on the survival and outgrowth of CNS neurons. Immunohistochemical methods were used to examine relative changes in the levels and distribution of bFGF following focal brain injury. Two monospecific antisera to bFGF were used to immunostain intact mature rat brain, and brain in which a focal mechanical lesion had been made in the dorsolateral cerebral cortex one week previously. In the intact brain, staining was localized primarily in neuronal cell bodies, especially in limbic structures. In injured brain, a marked increase of bFGF immunoreactivity was found at the borders of lesions, localized to the dense accumulation of cells, many of which resembled 'reactive' astroglia. Such increases in local bFGF concentrations may contribute to the cascade of cellular changes--including glial and capillary proliferation, and neural sprouting--that follows focal brain injury. PMID- 3224262 TI - Noxious stimuli excite neurons in nucleus submedius of the normal and arthritic rat. AB - Anatomical studies have revealed the existence of an ascending pathway originating in the spinal cord and medullary dorsal horn, relaying in nucleus submedius (Sm) in medial thalamus and terminating in ventrolateral orbital cortex. It has been suggested that this pathway may be involved in the transmission of nociceptive information. In the present study extracellular recordings were obtained from neurons in Sm of anesthetized arthritic and normal rats. Mechanical and thermal stimuli were delivered to various regions of the body to determine the types of somatic stimuli which could activate Sm neurons. Over 40% of the 146 neurons studied responded to somatic stimuli. In the normal rats only high intensity mechanical and thermal stimuli were effective in inducing responses. In the arthritic rats lower intensity mechanical stimuli, joint movements and high intensity thermal stimuli were effective. Such stimuli produce nociceptive reactions in the freely moving arthritic rat. Almost all the responses were excitatory and generally lasted the entire duration of the 15-s stimuli employed. In some cases after-discharges were present. The receptive fields of the neurons were in almost all cases large and bilateral. These findings support the hypothesis that Sm may be involved in mediating the affective-motivational aspects of pain. PMID- 3224263 TI - Effects of bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide on memory processing. AB - We have previously shown that feeding mice immediately following training enhances memory retention and that one of the gastrointestinal hormones released during a meal, cholecystokinin, also enhances retention after peripheral administration. In the studies reported here we demonstrate that another gastrointestinal peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), enhances retention after peripheral administration, as does its amphibian counterpart, bombesin. GRP had the same effect as the intact peptide, while GRP was ineffective at enhancing retention. The dose-response curves showed a characteristic inverted U-shape with high doses of both GRP and bombesin being amnestic. The effect of both peptides was time-dependent and both reversed amnesia induced by the anticholinergic, scopolamine. I.c.v. administration of the peptides required higher doses to produce an effect on memory retention, suggesting that the effect was mediated predominantly through a peripheral mechanism. Doses of the peptides that enhanced memory retention after peripheral administration failed to increase serum glucose, suggesting that glucose modulation was not the mechanism by which GRP and bombesin modulate memory processing. Vagotomy inhibited the memory-enhancing effects of both GRP and bombesin, suggesting that these peptides produced their effect by stimulating ascending vagal pathways. These studies, together with our previous study with cholecystokinin, suggest the existence of a gastrointestinal hormonal system, which is activated by the passage of food through the intestine, that enhances memory retention. PMID- 3224264 TI - NADPH diaphorase staining within the developing olfactory bulbs of normal and unilaterally odor-deprived rats. AB - Littermate rat pups underwent either unilateral surgical occlusion of the right external naris or sham surgery on postnatal day 1. At 10, 20 or 30 days postpartum olfactory bulbs were sectioned and stained using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. Two types of staining were observed and analyzed. The reaction produced a Golgi-like filling of short axon cells in both deep and superficial bulb areas. No differences in the number, morphology or distribution of these cells were found either across ages or treatment conditions, indicating that the cells are resistant to the effects of the deprivation paradigm. Large regional variations in glomerular and olfactory nerve layer staining density were also observed at each age, reinforcing notions of functional or structural differences between glomeruli at very early ages. PMID- 3224265 TI - Cingulate cell discharge patterns related to hippocampal EEG and their modulation by muscarinic and nicotinic agents. AB - Surface to depth recordings of slow wave theta activity were made through the posterior cingulate cortex (area 29). In other experiments the discharge patterns of neurons located throughout this region were recorded during the occurrence of large amplitude irregular activity (LIA) and slow wave theta activity (type 2) in the hippocampal formation of the urethane-anesthetized rat. The response of these neurons to the systemic administration of the cholinergic agonists, eserine and nicotine, was also tested. The majority of cells (80%) related to hippocampal EEG states were classified as tonic theta-on cells (non-rhythmic). These cells increased their discharge rates significantly, when the slow wave activity in the hippocampus changed from LIA to theta. The administration of eserine and nicotine induced slow wave theta in the hippocampus accompanied by the increased discharge rate of tonic theta-on cingulate cells. The excitatory action of nicotine on the discharges of tonic theta-on cingulate cortical cells is in direct contrast to its inhibitory action on phasic and tonic hippocampal theta-on cell discharges. The observation that phase reversals did not occur in area 29, together with the low incidence of phasic (rhythmic) theta-on cells, suggests that the posterior cingulate cortex does not independently generate type 2 theta. Possible significance of these findings for the interactive functioning of the hippocampal formation and posterior cingulate cortex is discussed. PMID- 3224266 TI - Parallel changes in operant behavioral adaptation and hippocampal corticosterone binding in rats treated with trimethyltin. AB - Rats were given water vehicle or trimethyltin (TMT; 3.0, 6.0 or 7.5 mg/kg, p.o.). Lever responding for food was measured 3 months later, in a test in which the fixed ratio requirement was doubled daily (FR1-128). Response rates for all groups were inverted U-shaped functions of FR values. However, the effect of increasing ratio values was attenuated in the 6.0 mg/kg group, which responded less than controls when control rates were maximal (at FR16 and FR32). In contrast, rats given the high dose responded at higher rates (at FR4 and FR64). [3H]Corticosterone binding to hippocampal cytosolic protein was maximally reduced for the group given 6.0 mg TMT/kg. The greatest reduction in hippocampal weight resulted from injection of 7.5 mg TMT/kg, but a smaller reduction in [3H]corticosterone binding (i.e. 22%) was observed for this group. In the absence of an effect of 3.0 mg TMT/kg upon weight of hippocampus, there also was a reduction in steroid binding, indicating the sensitivity of this parameter for TMT toxicity. The results support the notion that hippocampal corticosteroid receptors are important for behavioral adaptation, and rats given moderate doses of TMT may be useful for studying functions of corticosterone receptors. PMID- 3224267 TI - Depletion of cholinergic habenulo-interpeduncular neurons by selectively timed methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) treatment during pregnancy. AB - Methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) was injected to female rats at the beginning of the 17th day of gestation. Resulting offspring showed a remarkable decrease in the size of the medial habenula while the interpeduncular nucleus, whose neurons are generated before the time of MAM treatment, appeared anatomically unaffected. Choline acetyltransferase was significantly reduced in the habenulae and in the interpeduncular nucleus suggesting that MAM treatment had depleted a portion of the cholinergic neurons of the medial habenula which project to the interpeduncular nucleus. Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase significantly increased in the interpeduncular nucleus, a likely effect of monoaminergic hyperinnervation in response to partial cholinergic deprivation. MAM strategy can be usefully adopted for the study of general aspects of brain development when connected nuclei showing no overlapping in neuronal generation times are involved. PMID- 3224268 TI - GABAergic inhibition and epileptiform discharges in the turtle hippocampus in vitro. AB - The effects of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor antagonists were examined on intracellularly recorded epileptiform discharges in turtle hippocampal (ventromedial cortical) pyramidal neurons in vitro. Afferent synaptic activation of turtle hippocampal neurons evoked monophasic or biphasic GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). In the presence of bicuculline (5 microM) or picrotoxin (100 microM) IPSPs were reduced, and long-lasting ictal-like discharges were transiently observed prior to the establishment of a regular rhythm of discharge of spontaneous paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDSs). Bicuculline-induced PDSs were reversibly reduced in amplitude and duration, but not abolished by the EAA receptor antagonists kynurenic acid (1 mM), cis-2,3 piperidine dicarboxylic acid (cis-2,3-PDA) (1 mM), or DL-2-amino-5 phosphonovalerate (DL-AP-5) (100 microM), revealing a long-lasting hyperpolarizing afterpotential. These results indicate that the blockade of GABAergic inhibition leads to the genesis of epileptiform discharges, and EAA receptor antagonists (particularly those of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtype) block the maintained depolarization underlying PDSs, but do not prevent their spontaneous discharge in turtle hippocampus. PMID- 3224269 TI - Plasticity of behavioural response to repeated injection of glutamate in cuneiform area of rat. AB - Whereas a single microinjection of L-glutamate (10 nmol) into the cuneiform area of rats gives freezing, a second or third injection (delivered at 4-min intervals to the same site)can produce fast running. To examine whether this plasticity of response was caused by a simple increase in the amount of glutamate present, 30 nmol of glutamate were given in a single injection. In 93% of sites in the cuneiform area this procedure gave only freezing, although subsequent testing with repeated injections produced fast running in 53% of these sites. Thus, response potentiation to glutamate appears to require repeated stimulation, and may therefore be related to processes underlying the natural conditioning of defensive responses. PMID- 3224270 TI - Guanethidine adrenergic neuropathy: an animal model of selective autonomic neuropathy. AB - Chronic administration of guanethidine to adult rats induces a selective autoimmune adrenergic neuropathy. Physiological and biochemical features of this disorder in the peripheral nervous system were explored in young adult Sprague Dawley rats given daily intraperitoneal guanethidine monosulfate for 5 weeks. Control rats received daily saline injections. The guanethidine-treated animals gained less weight, had ptosis, and had a lower mean arterial blood pressure in the supine and upright tilted positions. Norepinephrine was depleted in the peroneal, sural, tibial, and vagal nerves, the nutrient artery to the tibial nerve and in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion of the drug-treated animals. On light microscopy, there was an inflammatory cell infiltrate and neuron loss in the superior cervical ganglion. Caudal and sciatic-tibial nerve conduction values were well preserved in the guanethidine-treated animals as was the 'C' potential derived from unmyelinated vagal fibers recorded in an in vitro chamber. The 'C' potential recorded from the cervical sympathetic trunk, however, was reduced in amplitude correlating with the loss of norepinephrine content in the harvested contralateral superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. The findings further support the view that guanethidine produces a selective adrenergic neuropathy in the rat--providing a useful standard with which to gauge autonomic involvement in other models of neuropathy. In addition, loss of the cervical sympathetic 'C' potential suggests that this presumed preganglionic structure also contains postganglionic adrenergic fibers. PMID- 3224271 TI - Responses of rat lateral hypothalamic neurons to periaqueductal gray stimulation and nociceptive stimuli. AB - The effects of dorsal periaqueductal gray (D-PAG) stimulation and noxious stimuli on neural activity in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) were investigated in 56 adult male anesthetized rats. Strong tail pinch was used as noxious stimulation. We examined 234 extracellular and 75 intracellular recordings of LHA responses to electrical stimulation of D-PAG. To determine neurotransmitter candidates, the effects of the opioid agonist, morphine, and its antagonist, naloxone were investigated by systemic administration and microelectrophoresis. Of 234 spontaneously firing LHA neurons, 70 (30%) were inhibited by D-PAG stimulation. Of these 70 neurons, 26/40 tested (65%) were glucose-sensitive, 16/19 (84%) were inhibited by morphine and 12/18 (67%) were inhibited by tail pinch. Glucose sensitive neurons were selectively inhibited by morphine and tail pinch. Naloxone attenuated inhibitory responses to D-PAG stimulation, tail pinch and electrophoretic morphine. From intracellular recordings these polysynaptic inhibitory responses to D-PAG stimulation were considered to be inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) with 6.1 +/- 3.2 ms (mean +/- S.D.) latency and reversal membrane potential of about -78 mV. Since LHA glucose-sensitive neurons receive, selectively, both inhibitory opioid inputs from the D-PAG and inhibitory inputs through noxious stimulation, we suggest that D-PAG might be an intermediate site for transmission of noxious stimuli to the LHA. PMID- 3224272 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of GABAergic synaptic connections in rat substantia nigra after different lesions of the striatonigral projection. AB - Vibratome sections of rat substantia nigra (SN) topically injected with colchicine were processed for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) immunocytochemistry to reveal GABAergic neurons using electronmicroscopic procedures. Both, GAD immunoreactive neurons and non-immunoreactive neurons receive a dense innervation of GAD-immunoreactive nerve terminals. In an attempt to clarify the origin(s) of this GABAergic input, the projections between caudate-putamen (CP) and SN were lesioned by circumscribed ibotenic acid injections in CP, or by complete hemitransection either at the level of the globus pallidus or at the frontal pole of SN. In addition, the axonal transport was blocked by local injection of colchicine. After survival times from 40 h to 7 days, the interrelations of GAD immunoreactive neurons and of unstained neurons with degenerated and preserved boutons were investigated. Striatal terminals contact GAD-negative (presumably dopaminergic) neurons, and, at least as frequently, the GABAergic pars reticulata neurons. Numerous GAD-immunoreactive boutons are apparently intact after the different types of lesions; also the spared GABAergic boutons synapse on both, GAD-positive and GAD-negative neurons. Thus, at the level of SN the striatonigrostriatal loop as well as the striatonigrothalamic (-tectal) projections are under the control of inhibitory axon collaterals of the GABAergic pars reticulata neurons. PMID- 3224273 TI - Direct adrenergic inputs to sacral autonomic neurons: using a double immunostaining method at the light and electron microscopic levels. AB - Relationships between adrenergic fibers and cholinergic neurons were examined in the rat sacral intermediolateral nucleus using a double-immunostaining method at light and electron microscopic levels. Adrenergic fibers were immunohistochemically stained brown by peroxidase reaction, and cholinergic neurons in the same sections were stained bluish green by beta-galactosidase reaction. In the light microscope, many cholinergic neurons were seen in the intermediolateral nucleus and some of them were surrounded by adrenergic fibers. In the electron microscope, adrenergic fibers made synapses with the cholinergic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus. These results suggest that adrenergic fibers directly influence the activity of the sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. PMID- 3224274 TI - Enlargement of uncrossed retinal projections in the albino rat: additive effects of neonatal eye removal and thalamectomy. AB - The present study in the albino rat investigates the effects of neonatal unilateral eye removal and/or thalamectomy upon the number of ipsilaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells (IPRGCs), using retrograde fluorescent labelling and electron microscopy. The results show that neonatal unilateral eye removal and thalamectomy result in a significant increase in the number of aberrant IPRGCs as compared to that observed in normal rats, and the effects of the two different neonatal lesions appear to be additive. These findings strongly suggest that there are at least two subpopulations of IPRGCs, which normally do not exist in mature albino rats, but which can be preserved into adulthood by neonatal enucleation or thalamectomy. The data also suggest that about 70% of the entire population of IPRGCs, most of which normally exist only transiently in neonatal retinas, can be retained in rats which receive both unilateral eye removal and thalamectomy at the neonatal stage. PMID- 3224275 TI - Characterization of novel glycoprotein components of synaptic membranes and postsynaptic densities, gp65 and gp55, with a monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody, mab SMgp65, which recognises two major glycoprotein components of isolated forebrain synaptic subfractions has been raised. The mab has been used to study the cellular and subcellular localisation of these novel glycoproteins and for the partial characterisation of both molecular species. Western blots show that the mab reacts with two diffuse glycoprotein bands (gp) of apparent Mr 65,000, gp65, and 55,000, gp55. Both glycoproteins are membrane bound, only detectable in CNS tissue and exist solely in a concanavalin A (con A) binding form. Digestion with endoglycosidase H lowers the Mr of both glycoproteins by some 5-7 kDa. Gp65 and gp55 are enriched in synaptic membrane (SM), light membrane (LM) and microsomal fractions. However, whilst gp65 is enriched in isolated postsynaptic densities (psds) gp55 is conspicuously absent from this fraction. Regional distribution studies show a marked variation in the level of gp65. Gp65 is concentrated in several forebrain regions notably cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum, is present only in low levels in cerebellum and is barely detectable in pons and medulla. In contrast gp55 is present in all regions studied, but is most concentrated in cerebellum. Immunocytochemical studies show intense staining of regions rich in gp65, but no staining of regions deficient in this glycoprotein. This suggests that the mab recognises gp65, but not gp55 in fixed tissue sections. Exposure of tissue sections to Triton X-100 increases the intensity of gp65-like immunoreactivity, but does not alter its pattern of subcellular distribution. Higher resolution studies show the immunoreactivity to be localised to subsets of neurites, many being axonal. The reaction deposits also extend into the synaptic region of the immunoreactive neurones. Cultured cerebellar granule cells, but not astrocytes express gp55. The results are discussed in terms of the molecular properties and localisation of these two novel glycoproteins. PMID- 3224276 TI - Time resolved dopamine overflow from synaptosomes and chopped striatal tissue with rapid superfusion. AB - Overflow of dopamine has been measured with a rapid superfusion apparatus in an attempt to obtain a system in which overflow is a measure of the primary release process. The tissue samples employed, chopped tissue and synaptosomes, were prepared from rat striatum. The superfusion system employed an on-line amperometric detector to provide temporal information. In addition, liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used for identification and quantification of dopamine. Dopamine release could be induced from both samples by exposure to K+ in the presence of Ca2+. The presence of pargyline (0.1 mM) did not significantly affect overflow from either sample. In addition, dopamine stores could be replenished in both samples by exposure to 0.5 microM DA, an effect blocked by amphetamine, nomifensine, and amfonelic acid. However, overflow from synaptosomes showed considerably less distortion from interactions of released substances with the tissue than from chopped tissue. The temporal profile of overflow was more rapid and uptake inhibitors did not affect overflow during depolarization. Since overflow from synaptosomes appears to be more closely related to release, the temporal response of this preparation to K+ stimulations was examined in more detail. A linear relation between dopamine overflow and log (K+) was obtained with 3-s exposures to K+. In contrast, a sigmoidal relationship was obtained with 30-s exposures. Thus, the data support the concept that depolarization of nerve terminals by K+ is a biphasic process that can be temporally resolved. PMID- 3224278 TI - Deoxyglucose analysis of the specific topographic functional interrelations between substantia nigra and globus pallidus. AB - The response of the ipsilateral globus pallidus (GP) to unilateral electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) was studied in the rat, by the autoradiographic [14C]-deoxyglucose method. Different compartments within the GP were metabolically activated, depending on the localization of the electrically stimulated subregions within the SNr. Computer generated, quantified colour coded glucograms were used for the analysis of specific topographic organization of the pallido-nigral functional system. Stimulation of the medial or lateral segments within the SNr induced activation in the medial or lateral compartments of the GP, respectively. Stimulation of the dorsal or ventral subregions within the SNr elicited activation in the ventral or dorsal compartments of the GP, respectively. Activation of the medial or lateral GP compartments was independent of stimulation in the dorsal or ventral SNr segments and vice versa. These results suggest that the topographic interrelations between the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus are characterized by preservation of the mediolateral and inversion of the dorsoventral functional correspondence. The neuronal territory involved into this topographic organization is suggested to consist of the subthalamic and striatal nerve cells projecting collateral axons to both the SNr and the GP. PMID- 3224277 TI - Intracellular injection of apamin reduces a slow potassium current mediating afterhyperpolarizations and IPSPs in neocortical neurons of cats. AB - Electrophysiologic effects of intracellularly injected apamin, a Ca2+-dependent K+ channel blocker, were investigated in neurons of the motor cortex of awake cats. Single-electrode voltage clamp techniques were used to measure changes in membrane currents including those that were synaptically activated. All changes occurred within 2-4 min after pressure injection of apamin with partial recovery observed within 8-15 min. Apamin selectively abolished an outward current that mediated a slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP) following intracellular depolarizing current pulses and action potentials without influencing the time course of the action potentials or an associated fast AHP component. In addition apamin increased the number and frequency of spike discharges evoked by the depolarizing current pulses and produced a small increase in the rate of background firing activity. The baseline resting potential and input resistance were essentially unchanged by apamin. Apamin also diminished a late, slowly decaying component of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and currents (IPSCs) elicited by stimulation of the ventrolateral thalamus or the pyramidal tract. The apamin induced changes were concomitant with a decrease of the decay time constant of both IPSPs and IPSCs and a positive shift in their reversal potential. The results suggest that the late, slowly decaying component of these inhibitory postsynaptic responses is generated by an apamin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance which is also responsible for the slow AHP. PMID- 3224279 TI - An improved circular tilt-cage shows that intrahypothalamic injections of sulpiride increase locomotion. AB - A circular tilt-cage was designed and constructed to measure locomotor activity in rats. Some improvements in relation to previously described circular tilt cages, as the easy calibration and the automation of the data collection, were introduced. The detection system was built interfacing the actimeters through a circuit board to a Casio FP-200 computer. The interface, the computer and the software can be used to count lever presses or other kind of switch closures. This apparatus was used in the present report to quantitate the locomotor activity induced by sulpiride injected in the perifornical region of the lateral hypothalamus. Bilateral injections of sulpiride (8 micrograms/0.5 microliters) increased locomotion immediately after the injections and for the next 75 min. Bilateral amphetamine (20 micrograms/0.5 microliters) did not change activity. Several doses of sulpiride (2, 4, 8, and 16 micrograms/0.5 microliters) increased activity in a dose-dependent fashion. These results are discussed in terms of the existence of postsynaptic D2 receptors in the lateral hypothalamus involved in inhibition of locomotion. PMID- 3224280 TI - Studies of the slow bidirectional transport of iron and transferrin across the blood-brain barrier. AB - Although iron is involved in brain function, very little is known about the regulation of its concentrations in the central nervous system. We quantitatively measured the entry and exit rates of iron, transferrin (its major transport protein), and albumin in mice. The blood to brain transport of iron greater than transferrin greater than albumin and the brain to blood transport of transferrin greater than albumin greater than iron. The results suggest that iron and transferrin have slow, bidirectional, probably saturable, and to some degree independent transport systems, although iron introduced directly into the brain is not readily available for brain to blood transport. PMID- 3224281 TI - Mediation of serotonin-induced analgesia by the 5HT2 receptor in the pentobarbital anesthetized mouse model. AB - Serotonin can induce analgesia when injected directly into the brain, but analgesia after peripheral administration has been more difficult to show. The pentobarbital anesthetized mouse (PAM) model, developed to alleviate some of the problems involved in the measurement of tail flick latency, was used to assess the action of peripherally administered serotonin. Mice were anesthetized with about 65 mg/kg of sodium pentobarbital IP and their tail flick latencies measured while they were in stage III anesthesia. In these anesthetized mice, IP serotonin induced a significant analgesia that was much more robust than that found in awake mice. The analgesic effect was dose-dependent from 0.25 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg but was not blocked by the antiopiate naltrexone. Of several psychotropic agents tested, only amitriptyline, mianserin, and trazodone had significant effects on analgesia in the PAM model. The analgesic effect of serotonin was reproduced by the 5HT2 agonist DOI and totally blocked by the 5HT2 antagonist NPP. These results show the utility of the PAM model in studying nonopiate analgesia and suggest that the analgesic action of serotonin is mediated primarily through the 5HT2 receptor. PMID- 3224282 TI - Postnatal nutritional status influences development of cardiac adrenergic receptor binding sites. AB - Nutritional status in neonatal rats was manipulated by altering the litter size to produce overnourished (5-6 pups/litter) and undernourished animals (16-17 pups/litter) for comparison with standard nutritive status (10-11 pups/litter). Nutritionally deprived pups showed impaired body and cardiac growth and a slowing of development of cardiac membrane binding sites for alpha 1- and beta-receptor ligands. Overnourishment enhanced growth and receptor development. In all cases, restitution of receptor binding characteristics to normal occurred at the beginning of nutritional rehabilitation (i.e., at weaning), well before the return of body and organ weights. These results thus suggest that the ontogenetic pattern of receptor binding sites is dependent upon nutritional intake rather than on weight gains per se. Receptor deficits caused by neonatal malnutrition probably contribute to reduced responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation. PMID- 3224283 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy on the sleep of neonatally monosodium glutamate-treated rats. AB - Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), known to induce neuronal cell degeneration of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, was subcutaneously injected (4 mg/g body wt.) at postnatal days 1 to 5 or 1 to 10 in female rats. Hypophysectomy was performed at 45-60 days of age. Sleep parameters were continuously recorded for at least 7 days. Results indicated that hypophysectomized (HYPX) NaCl-treated rats showed an increase of Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) (+29.6%) and a decrease of Paradoxical Sleep (PS) (-36.7%) durations. In MSG-treated rats, hypophysectomy did not alter SWS durations but it increased PS durations as MSG dosing increased. It was concluded that arcuate nucleus neurons seemed to be not critically involved in sleep production mechanisms. PMID- 3224284 TI - Neuropeptide Y, epinephrine and norepinephrine in the paraventricular nucleus: stimulation of feeding and the release of corticosterone, vasopressin and glucose. AB - The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is known to have an important function in mediating a variety of behavioral and endocrine responses. In the present study, the responsiveness of the PVN to the effects of the coexisting neurotransmitters, neuropeptide Y (NPY), epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE), was examined. Albino rats were each chronically implanted with a swivel brain-cannula that permits chemicals to be infused without disturbing the animals' ongoing behavior. When infused into the PVN, each of these neurotransmitters elicited a reliable feeding response during the first hour after injection. The response to EPI was significantly stronger than that of NE and NPY, while the latency to eat after injection was considerably longer for NPY as compared to the catecholamines. In tests with food absent, each of these substances also increased blood levels of corticosterone (EPI greater than NE = NPY) and vasopressin (NPY greater than EPI greater than NE) and revealed a significant positive correlation between circulating levels of these two hormones. In addition, EPI and NE, in contrast to NPY, caused a simultaneous rise in blood glucose, producing levels that were positively correlated with the hormones. No relationship, however, was detected between these endocrine changes and the rats' feeding-stimulatory responses. Together with other evidence, these results suggest that adrenergic as well as noradrenergic innervation to the PVN has a key role in the behavioral and endocrine systems of this nucleus and, moreover, that NPY generally mimics the effects of these catecholamines in the PVN. PMID- 3224285 TI - A device for enhancing the visibility of the tip of a glass micropipette: application in neuroanatomy. AB - In neuroanatomical tract tracing glass micropipettes are used to make small injections of tracer in the brain. A problem is that, due to the poor visibility of the tip, the tip of a micropipette often breaks during filling with tracer solution. Therefore, a device was developed to enhance the visibility of the tip of glass micropipettes. The device is based on the principle that light of a light emitting diode (LED) is transmitted through the glass of the wall to the tip of a micropipette. Here, light converges and gives a brightly illuminated spot. In this set up micropipettes can be positioned accurately into a vial with tracer solution even without microscopic guidance. PMID- 3224286 TI - Tolerance to morphine analgesia from brief exposure to a palatable solution. AB - The onset of tolerance to morphine analgesia was studied in 34 female Wistar rats immediately after they drank a dextrose-saccharin cocktail or tap water for 6 or 24 hours. Tail flick tests conducted at the end of the drinking period showed no analgesia in cocktail or water groups. Morphine (3.5 mg/kg) was then injected subcutaneously, and after 20 min another series of tail flick tests was conducted. Morphine produced strong analgesia in rats that drank water, but only partial analgesia in rats that drank the cocktail. This reduction in morphine analgesia did not differ in comparisons between 6-hour and 24-hour cocktail groups. The results were interpreted as indicating that ingestion of the cocktail produced tolerance for morphine in the test of analgesia, and that such factors as novelty of flavor stimulation or stress from repeated testing were unlikely to yield the attenuation of analgesia that was observed. It was concluded that processes that produce tolerance become active in less than 6 hours. PMID- 3224287 TI - Body-rotation induced analgesia in male mice: effects of duration and type of rotation procedure. AB - The effects of body-rotation in a horizontal plane on the nociceptive responses of male mice were examined. In the first experiment the mice were rotated (70 rpm, schedule of 15 sec on; 5 sec off) for 30 minutes or exposed to sham rotation. The animals were then placed on a warm surface (47.5 degrees C) and their latency to show a foot-licking response was measured. Immediately after the preceding rotation procedure a trend toward a significant increase in response latencies, indicative of analgesia, was observed (p = 0.057). However, if tested 30 minutes after the end of the rotation period, no analgesia could be demonstrated (p greater than 0.50). In Experiment 2 mice were rotated (15 sec on; 5 sec off) or sham rotated for durations of 60 or 90 minutes. Response latencies were significantly elevated (p less than 0.01) after both rotation durations, but not differentially so (p greater than 0.20). In the last experiment the effects of 60 minutes of the intermittent rotation procedure (15 sec on; 5 sec off) were compared to those of 60 minutes of continuous rotation. Both types of rotation resulted in the induction of analgesia and the intermittent procedure produced a significantly greater degree of analgesia than the continuous rotation (p less than 0.05). These experiments demonstrate that 60 to 90 minutes of body-rotation can produce a significant "stress-induced" analgesia in mice and that an intermittent schedule of rotation is more effective than a continuous rotation exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224288 TI - AIDS--Bristol virologists reply to Dr Seale. PMID- 3224289 TI - Medical education & health care--is there a conflict? PMID- 3224290 TI - Utilisation of energy substrates in treadmill-exercised domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus): blood glucose. AB - 1. Blood glucose concentration, glucose turnover and gas exchange were monitored in adult male domestic fowl at rest and during 90 min of continuous treadmill exercise. 2. During exercise oxygen consumption increased to about three times its resting value. Blood glucose concentration fell by 26% by the end of exercise. 3. Blood glucose turnover was not altered by exercise and oxidation showed only a moderate increase (35%). Glucose oxidation accounted for 23% of the total energy expenditure at rest and this value fell to 10% during exercise. At the same time the plasma free fatty acid concentration rose to three times its resting value suggesting an increased mobilisation of this substrate. 4. It is concluded that during exercise of this relatively moderate intensity glucose is a quantitatively minor fuel for the working muscles. PMID- 3224291 TI - Utilisation of energy substrates in treadmill-exercised domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus): blood plasma free fatty acids. AB - 1. Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, FFA turnover and gas exchange were measured in adult male domestic fowl at rest and during 90 min continuous treadmill exercise at a work load of approximately three times the resting metabolic rate. 2. Plasma FFA concentration and turnover increased 7-fold and 4 fold respectively during exercise. Of the FFA turnover 0.54 was oxidised at rest and this increased to 0.70 during exercise. The fraction of the total carbon dioxide production derived from plasma FFA oxidation rose from 0.33 at rest to 0.55 during exercise. 3. It is concluded that plasma FFA are the most important source of energy for the working muscles of domestic fowl during treadmill exercise of this intensity and duration. PMID- 3224292 TI - Roles of age, body weight and composition in the initiation of sexual maturation of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). AB - 1. The roles of chronological age, body weight and body composition in the initiation of sexual maturation of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were investigated by imposing an inhibitory photoperiod (IP), and by the intramuscular injection of turkey growth hormone (GH) or antisera to turkey growth hormone (AGH). 2. Absence of sexual maturity in the IP treatment was accompanied by reduced testis and ovary-oviduct weights, and an increased breast muscle weight expressed as a proportion of body weight. 3. Antisera to turkey growth hormone (AGH) did not completely inhibit the metabolic activities of endogenous GH. 4. The roles of chronological age, body weight and body composition in the initiation of sexual maturity were inseparable. PMID- 3224293 TI - Classification of the neurons in fowl hypothalamic nuclei based on their dendritic patterns. AB - 1. Dendroarchitectonic analysis of the hypothalamic nuclei in the fowl was investigated by the Golgi-Cox, Nissl and silver impregnation techniques. 2. All hypothalamic nuclei appeared to consist of leptodendritic neurons constituting a variety within the isodendritic family. They showed triangular, spindle and round shapes and had a few long, relatively straight, fine dendrites bearing very fine dendritic spines. 3. Neurons in the nucleus preopticus medialis et lateralis showed a bipolar spindle-shape and had stout, relatively long primary dendrites. 4. Those in the nucleus hypothalamicus rostralis medialis et lateralis were characterised by bipolar, spindle-shaped and multipolar leptodendritic neurons and by short fine primary dendrites bifurcating to fine longer secondary segments. 5. Neurons in the nucleus hypothalamicus caudalis medialis et lateralis and nucleus hypothalamicus inferior were of the multipolar leptodendritic type and had thick, long, unbranching dendrites emerging directly from the cell body. 6. The fowl hypothalamus is dendroarchitectonically divided into preoptic, rostral and caudal hypothalamic regions; the borderlines separating them are the commissura rostralis and the region between the nucleus hypothalamicus rostralis medialis and nucleus hypothalamicus caudalis medialis, respectively. PMID- 3224294 TI - Physiological effects of arginine vasotocin and mesotocin in cockerels. AB - 1. The effects of continuous infusion of 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mU/min/kg body weight of arginine vasotocin (AVT) or mesotocin (MT) on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses, on plasma osmolality and ionic composition and on plasma concentrations of AVT, MT, prolactin and aldosterone, were investigated in conscious White Leghorn cockerels. 2. Neither of the peptides, at any dose, affected cardiovascular functions, plasma ions and osmolality. Infusion of MT at the rate of 10 mU/min/kg body weight increased respiratory rate. Both peptides at doses of 1 and 10 mU/min/kg reduced the temperatures of the comb and shank but had no effect on the skin and cloaca. 3. Doses of 0.1 and 1.0 mU MT/min/kg reduced plasma aldosterone and at 10 mU/min/kg increased plasma AVT. At any given dose MT had no effect on plasma prolactin. AVT at 0.1 and 1.0 mU/min/kg of AVT reduced plasma MT. AVT at 1.0 mU/min/kg increased plasma prolactin and at 10 mU/min/kg reduced plasma aldosterone. 4. During saline infusion, plasma MT was positively correlated with plasma AVT and negatively correlated with respiratory rate and cloacal temperature. Plasma AVT showed a positive correlation with plasma MT and aldosterone and a negative correlation with respiratory rate and skin temperature. 5. During saline infusion, there was no significant correlation between cardiovascular functions, or plasma osmolality and ionic composition and plasma MT or AVT. 6. The present study suggests that interrelationships between circulating concentrations of AVT and MT do exist and that AVT affects aldosterone secretion. These neurohypophysical peptides are involved in thermoregulation. PMID- 3224295 TI - Activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase in different regions of the alimentary tract of adult White Rock cockerels. AB - 1. Alkaline phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.1], acid phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.2], aspartate aminotransferase [ASAT, EC 2.6.1.1] and alanine aminotransferase [ALAT, EC 2.6.1.2] were measured in mucosal homogenates of different segments of the alimentary tract of White Rock cockerels. 2. The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases were higher in the duodenum, jejenum and caecum than the anterior segments of the alimentary tract. 3. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase was higher in the oesophagus and crop than in the caudal segments of the alimentary tract. Alanine aminotransferase activity did not show any specific pattern. 4. The increased phosphatase activities in the caudal alimentary tract indicates their involvement in the nutrient transport across the mucosa. Aminotransferases were probably involved in the synthesis of amino acids and proteins in the anterior alimentary tract. PMID- 3224296 TI - Studies on the response of guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) to antibiotics. AB - 1. The response of growing male guinea fowls to dietary supplements of oxytetracycline, Roxarsone and zinc bacitracin were investigated. 2. The antibiotics produced significant increases in body weight, efficiency of food utilisation and nitrogen retention in guinea fowls at 12 weeks of age. 3. Carcase protein was not affected by antibiotic supplementation but carcase dry matter and fat were significantly higher in guinea fowls receiving medicated food than in controls. 4. The results show that the growth rate of guinea fowls is significantly increased by similar inclusion rates of oxytetracycline, Roxarsone and zinc bacitracin as those generally recommended for broiler chickens. PMID- 3224297 TI - Computer simulation of fluid resuscitation in thermal injury. A. B. Wallace memorial lecture 1987. AB - Following thermal injury many subsystems of the human body interact closely. The effects both of the pathological event in one subsystem and the subsequent therapy are masked or compensated by changes in other homeostatic subsystems. Not until the capacity of the homeostatic subsystems and/or the therapy is inadequate will the effects become obvious. The very complex postburn situation explains why there are so many different shock-preventing fluid therapy programmes and such crude and insecure monitoring of the therapy. In these situations when there are too many factors to be grasped by the unaided human mind, a computer-based 'patient-simulator' could be of value in diagnosis, monitoring and therapy of the severely ill patient with trauma. An extensive pathophysiological model has been designed to describe fluid shifts and haemodynamics in connection with fluid therapy of traumatic patients. The model makes it possible to calculate and predict clinically important state variables on the basis of fluid input and fluid losses. Sample runs are presented for illustrations in haemorrhage and fluid and salt loading. The model is also used to simulate treatment of a burn patient and the results are compared with measured physiological and biochemical variables. Furthermore, four different formulae for resuscitation of patients with thermal injuries according to Evans, Brooke, Parkland and a hypertonic fluid programme are simulated. The results illustrate the potential use of the 'patient simulator' for designing fluid resuscitation programmes and attempt to optimize them with respect to infusion rate of the fluid administered. PMID- 3224298 TI - Bone marrow granulopoietic response to scalds and wound infection in mice. AB - Phagocytic cell function is often suppressed after thermal injury. It has been suggested that one of the mechanisms of suppression is a direct effect of thermal injury upon these cells. In the present study we examined whether bone marrow haemopoietic stem cells were suppressed by thermal injury similar to the effect seen on mature haemopoietic cells. Results of both in vitro bone marrow cell cultures and in vivo spleen colony assays showed that granulopoiesis was not suppressed but activated early on day 3 following scald injury or scald plus wound infection in mice. In the latter group, stimulation of granulopoiesis persisted throughout the entire observation period of 9 days. These studies indicate that bone marrow pluripotent stem cells are capable of modulating their direction of differentiation according to body demand and deviate toward the granulocyte series following thermal injury. PMID- 3224299 TI - A model to reproduce predictable full-thickness burns in an experimental animal. AB - A standardized, reproducible animal model is a prerequisite to study concepts in the therapy of extensive burn injuries. The development of a new model makes it possible to produce predetermined burn injuries with a set temperature, time, contact pressure, and standard extent of tissue damage. For our studies we chose rats and exposed them to a temperature of 250 degrees C for 20 s and a contact pressure of 500 g/cm2 over various percentages of TBSA (total body surface area). The animals received shock prophylaxis for 3 days postburn and were kept under standardized conditions in a laminar airflow compartment. The temperature was kept at 32 degrees C and the relative humidity at 75 per cent. To reduce bacterial contamination, air was filtered through special bacteria-proof filters. Under these conditions we found burns of approximately 35 per cent TBSA to be sublethal resulting in 80 per cent mortality between days 5 and 7. This model permits the investigator to vary the burned skin area to any required extent for a reproducible study of different concepts of burn therapy. PMID- 3224300 TI - Burns in adults in Zaria, Nigeria. AB - From 1971 to 1981, 245 adults with burn injuries were admitted to the Ahmadu Bello University Hospital, Zaria. The burns were major in 197 patients, moderate in 28 and minor in 20. Socioeconomic factors contributing to the injuries included the use of wood fires for cooking, for warming the body and the dwelling during the cool harmattan season, loose indigenous garments, thatch-roofed huts, petrol hoarding and epileptic seizures. Flame burns exceeded scalds with a high seasonal frequency in both men and women during the harmattan. Scalds occurred predominantly among the women, puerperal hot baths being a major cause. The overall mortality rate of 22 per cent is excessive. General economic development, architectural improvements, proper handling of petrol and kerosene, modification or abandonment of the puerperal ritual of hot baths, the maintenance of chronic epileptics on anticonvulsants and a programme of universal active immunization against tetanus would contribute to the prevention of burns and complications in adults and decrease the mortality rate. PMID- 3224301 TI - Effects of scalding injury on the components of rabbit paw lymph. AB - A technique for lymph collection has been described. Rabbit paw lymph was collected by this technique before and after scalding injury (75 degrees C for 20 s). The lymph concentrations of zinc, copper, iron, cobalt and lipid peroxide were measured. After scalding, the lymph flow increased rapidly and reached a maximum at 1 h, and then decreased gradually. The lymph concentrations of copper, iron and cobalt increased about two-fold in the first 30 min and the elevated levels persisted until 4 h. However, the increase of zinc was less than that of the other three metals. Total protein concentrations also increased twofold in lymph and the elevated level persisted for 4 h. Using gel filtration, the elution pattern of lymph after scalding was almost the same as that before scalding. Lipid peroxide in lymph increased about three-fold following scalding. However, the plasma concentrations of total protein and lipid peroxide did not change significantly following scalding. PMID- 3224302 TI - Induction of hyperthyroidism in burn patients treated topically with povidone iodine. AB - Hyperthyroidism was induced in two burn patients (one a 34-year-old male, with burns covering 80 per cent BSA and the other a 22-year-old female with a 45 per cent BSA burn) by topical treatment with povidone-iodine. Both patients had no history of thyroid disease and their post-burn examination revealed normal thyroid glands. In both patients 1 per cent povidone-iodine was applied onto granulation tissue and a marked increase in circulating thyroid hormones occurred. After topical treatment with povidone-iodine was discontinued circulating thyroid hormones returned to normal values within weeks. In the second patient povidone-iodine treatment had to be repeated again resulting in hyperthyroidism which was also readily reversible. PMID- 3224303 TI - Burn hazard from cupping--an ancient universal medication still in practice. AB - The ancient universal medication of cupping is still practised by devoted believers and people who, for various reasons, have lost faith in other more modern modalities of medical treatment. Faulty technique in producing the vacuum in the cups was the aetiology of the burns in several patients. The history, theories and indications for cupping are reviewed. PMID- 3224304 TI - Disturbances in energy-yielding metabolic processes after burn injury. PMID- 3224305 TI - Sister chromatid exchange frequency, cellular replication and relative cloning efficiency in human teratocarcinoma-derived cells. AB - To determine the relationships between the induction of specific biological responses and exposure to DNA-damaging agents, human teratocarcinoma-derived cells were exposed to either ethyl methanesulfonate or to methyl methanesulfonate, and sister chromatid exchange, cellular proliferation and relative cloning ability measured. SCE increased while cellular proliferation and relative cloning ability each decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Methyl methanesulfonate was consistently more efficient in inducing biological responses than was ethyl methanesulfonate. When the individual responses were compared, the decrease in cellular proliferation paralleled the reduction in cloning efficiency. A strong correlation was also observed between the reduction in relative cloning ability and sister chromatid exchange frequency. Because these relationships are similar to those previously described in other mammalian cell lines, the observations in our study suggest that the P3 cell line is an appropriate choice for modeling effects of toxicant exposure in human cells. PMID- 3224306 TI - Transforming activities of sodium fluoride in cultured Syrian hamster embryo and BALB/3T3 cells. AB - The transforming activity of sodium fluoride was studied in the SHE and the BALB/3T3 cell culture systems. Initiating and promoting activities were then investigated by means of the orthogonal methodology. Sodium fluoride was found to induce morphological transformation of SHE cells seeded on a feeder layer of X irradiated cells at high concentrations (75-125 micrograms/ml). When the cells were seeded in the absence of a feeder-layer, the transformation frequencies increased in a dose-dependent manner with the concentrations of sodium fluoride ranging from 0 to the highly toxic concentration of 200 micrograms/ml. In the BALB/3T3 cell system, sodium fluoride was negative in the standard Kakunaga procedure, while through the experiment designed by table L8 (2(7] of the orthogonal method, an initiating-like effect and a weak promoting activity were detected within the concentrations ranging from a 25 micrograms/ml to a 50 micrograms/ml concentration which is highly toxic for BALB/3T3 cells. From these results, it is suggested that, besides a genetic mode of action, sodium fluoride could possibly act through a non-genotoxic mechanism. PMID- 3224307 TI - Ethidium bromide resistance in a rat liver epithelial cell line: association with enhanced drug efflux. AB - Ethidium bromide-resistant cell strains were obtained by continuous selection of an adult rat liver-derived cell line (ARL6T) grown in the continuous presence of 200 ng/ml ethidium bromide. Comparison of resistant strains and parental (sensitive) cells was made for uptake and binding of ethidium bromide, visualized as fluorescent ethidium bromide-nucleic acid complexes. Although uptake of ethidium bromide was similar in parental and resistant cells, efflux kinetics were markedly different. Over a three-hour period, parental (sensitive) cells maintained fluorescence following a short ethidium bromide pulse (100 micrograms/ml ethidium bromide). In contrast, ethidium bromide-resistant cell lines eliminated photographically detectable fluorescent complexes within three hours following pulse exposure to ethidium bromide. The rapid elimination of ethidium bromide-fluorescent complexes in all (5) resistant cell strains examined supports an efflux mechanism as contributing to the resistance of ethidium bromide cytotoxicity in these cells. PMID- 3224308 TI - [Tympanometric change in NPC patients before and after radiotherapy]. PMID- 3224309 TI - [Surface EMG study in tremor]. PMID- 3224310 TI - [Chest roentgenographic manifestations of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3224312 TI - [Pilomatrixoma of eyelid--a case report]. PMID- 3224311 TI - [Rigid fixation of mandibular fractures with titanium miniplate]. PMID- 3224313 TI - Inflammatory fibroid polyp of stomach. Report of two cases and review of the literature. PMID- 3224314 TI - A comparative study of urokinase and heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 3224315 TI - [Dry air induced constriction in peripheral lung]. PMID- 3224316 TI - False blood cell indices caused by cryoglobulin and cold hemagglutinin. PMID- 3224317 TI - Effects of polar organic compounds on gynecologic cancers. PMID- 3224318 TI - [A comparison of the effects of nifedipine and nifedipine retard on blood pressure reduction before and after treadmill exercise]. PMID- 3224319 TI - [Thoracic fluid index in normal adult and patient with different type of chest disease]. PMID- 3224320 TI - [Low glycemic response to legumes]. PMID- 3224321 TI - [Adenosine deaminase assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion]. PMID- 3224322 TI - Syringomyelia: clinical analysis of 12 cases. PMID- 3224323 TI - Splenic infarction associated with nonenterococcal endocarditis--report of a case. PMID- 3224324 TI - [Pachydermoperiostosis (idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy)]. PMID- 3224325 TI - Neonatal pentazocine withdrawal syndrome--a case report of conservative treatment. PMID- 3224326 TI - Treatment considerations in dementing illness. AB - This issue focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of disorders that cause dementia. It emphasizes that all dementias, whatever their cause, are treatable. It is aimed at primary care physicians because they are likely to be the first physicians to see these complex patients and their caregivers. Each article is briefly introduced. PMID- 3224327 TI - An approach to the management of medical problems in demented patients. AB - The appropriate management of medical problems in demented patients plays an important role in maximizing their quality of life. Demented patients present medical problems differently and require treatment strategies that incorporate the strengths and weaknesses of the patients and their caregivers. The goals for treatment must be developed and followed in balance with any plans to limit the treatment because of the dementia. PMID- 3224328 TI - Dementia secondary to metabolic and nutritional abnormalities. AB - It is clear that dementia may result from nutritional and metabolic causes. Prior to labeling the demented person as having Alzheimer's disease or multi-infarct dementia, a thorough physical, historic, and laboratory evaluation is essential. Not only must other causes for the dementia be ruled out, but co-existing abnormalities that may confuse therapeutic intervention must be considered. Elderly persons notoriously under-report symptoms, in this case further complicated by the dementia. In addition, normal age-related changes, age prevalent illness, and the atypical way in which diseases often present late in life may make the situation more confusing. Being aware of the wide variety of causes of dementia, however, will improve diagnostic abilities. PMID- 3224329 TI - Increased thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45) activity in normal and neoplastic proliferation. AB - Thymidylate (dTMP) synthase (EC 2.1.1.45) activity was measured in 100,000 x g supernatant fluid with a sensitive, rapid radio assay. The activity in normal rat liver was low (0.098-0.204 nmol/hr/mg protein). dTMP synthase specific activities in rat thymus, spleen, bone marrow, testis, lung, heart, brain, kidney, and small intestine were 6297, 1842, 1500, 788, 215, 76, 61, 39 and 24%, respectively, of that of the liver. The activity in 5-day-old rat liver was 16-fold higher than in adult. dTMP synthase activity increased in rat hepatomas to 7- to 125-fold of that of normal rat liver. There was a significant correlation between the increase in synthase activity and the proliferation rates of the hepatomas. In 8 human colon carcinomas, dTMP synthase activity increased to 2.9- to 8-fold of that of normal human colon mucosa. In leukemic leukocytes from 3 leukemia patients, activity was 8- to 10-fold higher than in normal leukocytes. PMID- 3224330 TI - Chloroquine enhances the cytotoxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II. AB - A low dose (10 microM) of the antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cDDP) was not found to be cytotoxic to HeLa S3 cells in culture in this study, as observed by Roberts and Fraval (1978). The cytotoxicity of this nontoxic dose of cDDP, can be greatly enhanced by treating cells with 200 microMs chloroquine immediately after exposure to the platimum drug. PMID- 3224331 TI - Evidence of multifactorial mechanisms in an adriamycin-resistant HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line. AB - HL-60/AR leukemia cells, which were 60-fold resistant to the growth inhibitory activity of adriamycin, remained sensitive to the antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing activities of aclacinomycin A. The replication of HL 60/AR and of adriamycin sensitive parental HL-60 cells was inhibited by greater than 80% by 30 nM aclacinomycin A and the majority of cells (about 60 to 70%) of each line underwent granulocytic differentiation when treated with this agent, as assessed by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. Measurement of the initial rates of uptake of daunorubicin and steady-state levels of adriamycin in sensitive and resistant lines indicated that transport differences do not fully account for the insensitivity of HL-60/AR cells to these anthracyclines. Furthermore, 30-fold greater levels of cell-associated adriamycin were required in HL-60/AR cells for toxic effects equivalent to those occurring in parental HL 60 cells. Analysis of DNA histograms of adriamycin treated HL-60 cells indicated that cell-cycle progression was blocked in G2-M, while this antibiotic blocked progression of resistant HL-60/AR cells in the S phase. These results suggest that, in addition to alterations in membrane permeability, differential sensitivity of multiple biochemical targets may be important in the toxicity and the development of resistance to anthracyclines. Furthermore, the finding that HL 60/AR cells do not exhibit cross-resistance to aclacinomycin A indicates that this oligosaccharide-containing anthracycline may have utility in the treatment of adriamycin resistant neoplasms. PMID- 3224332 TI - Effect of a pulsed magnetic field on tumoral C3H/Bi female mice. AB - Female C3H/Bi mice develop spontaneous viral mammary carcinoma which can metastasize to the lungs. Two hundred and forty tumoral mice were either exposed to a toroidal pulsed magnetic field, 12 Hz, 100 Hz or 460 Hz in frequency or used as controls. The exposure was mainly done 10 min. a day, 3 days a week, or 30 minutes once a week from about 2 to 3 weeks after the appearance of the tumors until death. In comparison with the controls, the exposed mice showed lighter spleens and lungs; this last observation could mean fewer pulmonary metastases. The weight of the tumors has been found lighter for 460 Hz MF, not changed for 100 Hz MF, heavier for 12 Hz MF, but lifespans were not altered by the exposure. PMID- 3224333 TI - Protein bound to mitochondrial DNA from tumor and normal tissues of humans and animals. AB - Stable mitochondrial (mt) DNA-protein complexes have been reported repeatedly in the last decade. We have found that the amount of proteins bound to mt DNA was increased in human HL-60 promyelocytic and chronic myelocytic leukemia cells. Mt of human tumor cells and bovine and rate liver cells were isolated by differential centrifugation. The DNA was purified by SDS-NaCl precipitation of protein, alcohol precipitation, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Mt DNA-bound protein obtained by enzymatic digestion of the DNA and purified by gel exclusion and reverse-phase HPLC chomatographies and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showed a major protein band at 70 kD and a minor band at 35 kD. Hydrolysis of the mtDNA-protein complex in formic acid yielded DNA bases and peptides by HPLC on a C18 reverse-phase column. Tumor cell mtDNA contained 5-10 times more bound protein than mtDNA from normal tissue. PMID- 3224334 TI - Squamous differentiation in human breast epithelial cells in culture, with comparative observations on intermediate filaments from intact epithelium. AB - Intact, grossly normal human mammary tissue and cultured breast epithelial cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy for indicators of squamous differentiation. Intact epithelium contained 7-10 nm filaments which we interpreted as cytokeratin intermediate type filaments; many formed bundles which lacked conspicuous electron density. Two types of cell process were present: one was luminal and covered in a glycocalyx, whereas the other lacked a coat and was confined to lateral membranes. In culture, mammary epithelial cells contained intermediate filament bundles which were conspicuous by their enhanced electron density compared with those of intact epithelium. These were acceptable as dense tonofibrils i.e. indicators of squamous differentiation. Cultured cells also possessed cell processes broadly comparable to those of intact epithelium. This study confirms the phenomenon of squamous differentiation consequent upon culture, in a system which differed methodologically from previous studies, and makes hitherto neglected comparisons between intact and cultured breast epithelium. PMID- 3224335 TI - Fine structural alteration in the atrioventricular junctional conduction tissues of the dog heart during severe ischaemia. AB - To define the fine structural changes produced in the atrioventricular junctional conduction tissues by severe ischaemia, 3 sets of specimens from 37 dogs were examined by light and electron microscopy using a large specimen resin-embedding method. Surgical control material was taken from 18 open-chest animals maintained under anaesthesia for up to 6 h, autolysis control material from 10 excised normal hearts maintained at 37 degrees C in vitro for up to 4 h, and ischaemic material from 8 animals in which the septal and distal left circumflex coronary arteries were occluded for 15 min to 3 h. Surgical control material was found to be within normal limits, whereas both autolysed and ischaemic showed initially mild fine structural alteration, which increased progressively in severity with time and was comparable in both sets. All cell types showed loss of glycogen granules, mitochondrial swelling, dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, clumping of nuclear chromatin and ultimately varying degrees of generalised cell swelling. Intramitochondrial dense inclusions also were prominent in autolysis but not ischaemia. These changes progressed faster in nodal cells than in His bundle/bundle branch cells, which retained considerable quantities of glycogen for at least 60 min. The slower development of irreversible alteration in His Purkinje cells suggests that they may be relatively more resistant to ischaemia, whilst the low incidence of intramitochondrial dense inclusions in vivo suggests a beneficial effect of collateral blood flow. PMID- 3224336 TI - Differentiated uptake and transcytosis of albumin in successive vascular segments. AB - The interaction of exogenous albumin with the continuous endothelium of large vessels and microvessels of various organs was investigated in situ in mouse. Bovine serum albumin either tagged with 5 nm gold particles (Alb-Au) or radioiodinated was perfused for 3 to 30 min. The following tissues were processed for electron microscopy: heart (coronaries and microvessels), aorta, vena cava, diaphragm (phrenic arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, phrenic veins), and brain cortex. Morphometric analysis showed that in all organs examined, except brain, endothelium of capillaries and postcapillary venules possesses specific binding sites for Alb-Au virtually restricted to plasmalemmal vesicles. The latter contain 1,000 times more particles than the equivalent volume of the perfusate. The Alb-Au binding is saturable and competed by monomeric albumin. Commonly, in these capillary endothelia, coated pits and coated vesicles did not bind Alb-Au. Starting with 3 min and especially at longer time points, tracer labeled vesicles apparently discharged the ligand into the subendothelial space. At variance, in the endothelium of arteries, arterioles, muscular venules, and veins, usually few vesicles were labeled by rare particles in concentration comparable with that of the perfused tracer. In these endothelia, vesicle Alb-Au content did not increase with time and was not influenced by competition with monomeric albumin. Same differences in albumin uptake between successive vascular segments were found by light microscopy autoradiography with monomeric radioiodinated albumin perfused for 3 or 30 min. The results suggest that among vessels with continuous endothelium, albumin binds and is intensely transported in the capillaries and postcapillary venules of the diaphragm and heart. The rest of the examined vessels perform a nonspecific, low rate uptake, possibly in fluid phase. PMID- 3224337 TI - Ultrastructure of megakaryocytes in the human bone marrow of patients with primary (essential) thrombocythemia. AB - An ultrastructural study was performed on bone marrow specimens in 10 patients (5 males/5 females, median age 53 years) with primary (essential) thrombocythemia (PTH) and an excessive elevation of the platelet count (1,625 +/- 783 x 10(9)/l). In contrast to a not severely altered neutrophilic granulo- and erythrocytopoiesis, megakaryocytes showed conspicuous large to giant forms. These were characterized by a highly lobulated nucleus containing several nucleoli and an extensive intermediate zone of the cytoplasm with many Golgi fields, numerous profiles of the so-called demarcation membrane system and an abundance of alpha granules and some dense bodies. Our results demonstrate that ultrastructure of the megakaryocytes in PTH does not reveal gross abnormalities, but features which are compatible with an enforced thrombocytogenetic activity in accordance with the excessively elevated platelet count. Similar changes have been described in animal experiments with induced thrombocytopenia and stimulation of platelet shedding. Evaluation of thrombocytogenesis suggests that it may be mediated by a process of fragmentation with partitioning of the extensive intermediate zone into numerous prospective platelet territories followed by segregation. PMID- 3224338 TI - Lymphatic system in human dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - Lymph capillary features have been investigated in human hearts from subjects affected by dilated cardiomyopathy. The edematous myocardial regions present dilated lymph capillaries with a slightly indented endothelial wall. The intercellular adhesions are not especially intricate; the open junctions between contiguous endothelial cells are more numerous than in normal conditions. In the myocardial areas affected by interstitial fibrosis the lymph capillaries are scanty and subtle. The morphological features, evident in the edematous and the fibrotic regions of the hearts affected by dilated cardiomyopathy, are compared with those induced in the myocardium by damaging the lymph flow experimentally. Our observations suggest a differential response of the lymph system to modified conditions of the tissue and the interstitium. PMID- 3224339 TI - Topographical variation in the mucosal surface of oesophageal biopsies. AB - There have been comparatively few scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies of mucosal biopsies of the human upper gastrointestinal tract. This study reviews the use of SEM in human oesophageal research and deals with the results of a SEM study of thirty two biopsies of human oesophagus, taken from eighteen patients during endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal symptoms. For each biopsy, three areas of the mucosal surface chosen at random were examined using standard magnifications. The SEM showed three mucosal patterns, which were designated typical squamous, atypical squamous and nonsquamous, each displaying common features in relation to desquamation, cell boundaries and microridges. The two squamous epithelial groups showed surface microridges. The typical group displayed clear cut cell boundaries and well developed microridges arranged in rows. The atypical squamous group showed desquamation, less well developed cell boundaries and variation in microridge patterns. Many nonsquamous specimens displayed simple columnar epithelium, similar to mucosa of gastric type. Care was taken to correlate the surface structure of the oesophagus with the endoscopic appearance. The two assessments were done independently and the material was coded throughout. The broad subdivision of the biopsies into groups using these qualitative topographical criteria gave good correspondence with the endoscopic appearance. PMID- 3224340 TI - A morphometric study of the effects of short-term starvation on rat hepatocytes. AB - Short-term (24 h) starvation induced a significant decrease in the liver weight and in the average volume of hepatocytes, together with a notable decrease in the hepatic concentration of proteins, glycogen, cholesterol and triglycerides. Hepatocyte atrophy was due for about 95% to the decrease in the membrane space, in which glycogen and endoplasmic reticulum membranes are contained, and for about 5% to the depletion of lipid droplets, in which cholesterol and triglycerides are stored. Nuclei, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum did not display appreciable modifications. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum underwent a net decrease, comparable with the decrease in the liver protein content, and the volume of dense-body compartment was increased, mainly through the rise in the number of microautophagic vacuoles and secondary lysosomes. These last findings were interpreted as the morphological counterpart of the fasting induced enhancement of protein degradation in rat liver. PMID- 3224341 TI - Lanthanum nitrate labelling of the outer cell wall surface of phagocytized Paracoccidioides loboi in human lobomycosis. AB - Lesioned skin tissues from a female Caiabi indian with lobomycosis were processed for routine electron microscopy using, in the initial steps, solutions containing 2% lanthanum nitrate. The pattern of tracer distribution suggests that the tracer penetrates into the cavity containing the parasite through exocytotic-like apertures situated at the cell wall outer region. The tracer also infiltrates the virtual space between the cell wall and its recovering membrane, spreading over varying areas of the outer surface of the cell wall. The contrast imparted to the pericellular macrophage space by the lanthanum nitrate enabled easy localization of fibrillar, cell wall derived material which reaches the adjacent extracellular milieu. PMID- 3224342 TI - Reduction of pinocytotic vesicle surface density in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. A quantitative ultrastructural freeze-etching study. AB - The development of culture techniques for endothelium of the large vessels has stimulated many studies to understand endothelial functions in normal and pathological conditions. In this report we describe that in primary cultures the mean surface density of pinocytotic vesicles, evaluated by computerized morphometric analysis of endothelial cell plasma-membrane, dramatically decreases with respect to that of the cells immediately detached from the arterial wall (6.7 +/- 1.1 microns2 against 19.5 +/- 2.2 microns2, p less than 0.001). The results are unchanged if the cells are enzymatically or mechanically detached from the vessel wall or from the culture flask. After the first passage, the mean surface density of pinocytotic vesicles decreases further (2.5 +/- 1.3 microns2 p less than 0.01). After the 2nd and the 3rd passages, the morphometrical values of endothelial cell plasma-membrane remain low (1.5 +/- 0.2 microns2; 2.5 +/- 0.2 microns2). When endothelial cultures are employed to study pathological aspects of disease, not only the aging process but also the possible occurrence of early changes have to be taken into consideration. PMID- 3224343 TI - Precursor lesions of the GI tract and psychosocial risk factors for prediction and prevention of gastric cancer. AB - In two prospective studies, including a total of 1,353 and 1,914 male and female participants, a variety of medical and psychosocial risk factors were assessed by means of personal interviews and observational categories. The incidence of gastric cancer was determined for the following study groups: 1) all persons with chronic atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia who had one to three relatives with a history of gastric cancer, 2) persons with a previous operation for gastric ulcer (partial resection) and one to three relatives with gastric cancer, and 3) a comparable group without any of these characteristics, serving as a reference. The hypothesis was that significantly more gastric cancer was to be expected in groups 1 and 2. A second hypothesis was that interaction between the specific precursors and psychosocial risk factors (chronic hopelessness due to withdrawing objects) was useful for the prediction of gastric cancer. The results may open new avenues for the prevention of gastric cancer via preventive psychotherapy in identified risk groups. PMID- 3224344 TI - Effect of activity-stress on experimental rat colon carcinogenesis: early histopathologic changes and colon tumor induction. AB - The effect of stress on experimental colon carcinogenesis was investigated in the rat by adapting the activity-stress ulcerogenesis model to the 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) rat colon carcinogenesis model. Activity-stress was applied intermittently (normal housing conditions alternated with activity-stress conditions on an equal time basis) to DMH-injected rats either throughout the experiment (AS-DMH) or following completion of DMH injections (DMH-AS). The AS DMH treatment was associated with reduced colonic tumor induction compared with controls, as was to a lesser degree with DMH-AS condition. In a separate study, the early histopathologic effects on the colon of a single DMH injection, an activity-stress treatment, or the combination of both DMH and activity-stress treatments were compared with those of controls. Activity-stress moderated DMH induced increases in colonic epithelial cell proliferation and nuclear hyperchromia when compared with DMH treatment alone. The findings of activity stress-associated protection on colon tumor induction and the concordance of these results with quantitative early histopathologic alterations demonstrate that in the rat activity-stress exerts a protective influence in colon carcinogenesis. In addition, these results suggest further that risk modifiers of colon cancer can be assessed in short-term studies that quantify early histopathologic alterations. PMID- 3224345 TI - Relationship of dietary cholesterol and cellulose in the prevention of colon cancer. AB - To study the effect of dietary cholesterol and cellulose on fecal sterol output and colon tumors in dimethylhydrazine-treated animals, rats were fed a basal diet supplemented with cholesterol (0.07% w/w) and/or cellulose (20% w/w). The addition of cholesterol alone to the basal diet failed to modify bile acid excretion or colon carcinogenesis. The addition of cellulose alone also failed to modify colon carcinogenesis, although it significantly decreased fecal bile acid concentration and increased daily bile acid excretion. However, when dietary cellulose was added to a cholesterol-containing diet, there was a significant decrease in colon tumor incidence (47% vs. 80%, P less than .05), accompanied by a significant increase in excretion of unmetabolized cholesterol. These data suggest that 1) the protective effect of certain fibers in colon carcinogenesis may be dependent on other dietary variables and 2) certain fecal neutral sterol profiles may be associated with colon tumor inhibition. PMID- 3224346 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of retinol administered at a chemopreventive level to normal subjects. AB - Thirteen subjects between the ages of 50 years and 70 years were administered a daily 25,000 IU dose of retinol for 9 months. Two subjects experienced mild skin dryness, headaches, and/or alopecia. There were no significant changes in serum chemistries. High performance liquid chromatography assays for plasma retinol revealed no evidence of drug accumulation; however, there was a significant increase in the plasma concentration-versus-time curve for retinyl palmitate concentrations between the first and subsequent sampling days (P = 0.009). The mean skin retinol and retinyl palmitate concentrations in 7 retinol-treated subjects (131.7 and 15.9 ng/g, respectively) were not significantly different from those observed in 13 age-matched controls (118.9 and 25.5 ng/gm, respectively). PMID- 3224347 TI - Identification and screening of women at high risk of breast cancer. AB - First- and second-order female relatives of newly treated breast cancer patients who received their care by private practice surgeons were contacted to determine the feasibility of identifying an at-risk population, to ascertain screening practices, and to promote breast cancer screening. Utilizing the breast cancer patient as the primary contact, 42% of relatives participated. Only 32% of relatives reported ever having had a mammogram (40% of those 50 years of age and over), and 52% practiced monthly breast self-examination (BSE). Screening practices correlated with race, with having been taught BSE, and with income; 73% of relatives planned to be screened subsequent to contact. The results of this study indicate a low use of established screening modalities such as BSE and mammography. PMID- 3224348 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in sera drawn 1 to 12 years before diagnosis of cervical malignancy. AB - We determined serum CEA and beta-HCG levels in women who developed cervical carcinoma 1 to 12 years after the serum samples were drawn. Only 32 diagnostic sera CEA and beta-HCG levels were found. However, the serum CEA levels of the carcinoma patients differed significantly from those of their matched controls, who remained cancer free during the following 8 to 12 years after serum withdrawal. The difference in CEA levels between cases and controls did not depend on the lag period between serum withdrawal and cancer diagnosis, the severity of underlying cervical disease, or smoking habits. PMID- 3224349 TI - The cardiomyopathies. PMID- 3224350 TI - Segmental volume distensibility of the canine thoracic aorta in vivo. AB - Segments of the canine ascending aorta, upper descending thoracic aorta, and middle descending thoracic aorta were instrumented with ultrasonic dimension gauges and a cathetertip manometer simultaneously to measure changes in segment diameter, length, and intravascular pressure. Volume distensibility (EV) was calculated as the sum of circumferential extensibility (EC), longitudinal extensibility (EL), and high order extensibilities (EK) for each segment. The EC and EL were linear expressions that represented percentage volume changes per mmHg pulse pressure due to circumferential and longitudinal dimensional changes. The high order extensibilities (second and third order) accounted for the percentage volume changes per mmHg pulse pressure due to the interactions between circumferential and longitudinal dimensional changes. Mean(SEM) EV values from six dogs were 1.62(0.31), 0.84(0.08), and 0.62(0.08)% delta V/mmHg delta P for the ascending aorta, upper descending thoracic aorta, and middle descending thoracic aorta segments respectively. The EV, EL, and EK of the ascending aorta segment were significantly greater than those of the upper descending thoracic aorta and middle descending thoracic aorta segments, whereas EC was significantly less in the ascending aorta than in both the upper descending thoracic aorta and middle descending thoracic aorta segments. It is concluded that there are regional differences in aortic distensibility and its components in vivo. Longitudinal wall motion is an important determinant of these aortic mechanical properties. PMID- 3224351 TI - Continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring: reliability of Finapres device during the Valsalva manoeuvre. AB - Because of the inherent risks of intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring a new non-invasive device, Finapres, which measures blood pressure continuously in the finger, was evaluated in 14 hypertensive and one normotensive subject. Brachial intra-arterial and finger pressures were compared during a control period and a subsequent Valsalva manoeuvre. Visually, blood pressures measured by Finapres faithfully reproduced the intra-arterial recordings in all subjects. From each pressure signal beat to beat systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure values and their differences were obtained and the time course of the response and its characteristic features were analysed. During the control period the Finapres measurements were lower than intra-arterial systolic, mean, and diastolic pressures (mean(SD) 1(9.6), 9(6.8), and 4(6.1) mmHg respectively). During the response to the Valsalva manoeuvre the brachial-finger pressure differences showed limited deviation from those during the control period; median differences were at most 6 mmHg occurring late during the intrathoracic strain period and 7 mmHg during the post-release blood pressure overshoot. In general, the Finapres device reproduced intra-arterial patterns faithfully. This device appears to offer a reliable alternative to intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring. PMID- 3224352 TI - Mechanism of remote myocardial ischaemia after coronary occlusion in open chest dogs. AB - To determine whether or not the fall in coronary perfusion pressure after coronary occlusion is the cause of remote myocardial ischaemia, regional myocardial blood flow was measured using radiolabelled microspheres before and after left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion in the presence of a left circumflex artery stenosis in 22 anaesthetised dogs. Aortic pressure was maintained constant at the time of left anterior descending artery occlusion in 13 dogs (group 1) and proximal left circumflex artery pressure was held constant by a servocontrolled pump in nine dogs with a carotid artery-left circumflex artery shunt (group 2). Despite the maintenance of constant mean aortic pressure in group 1, remote posterior bed mean(SEM) endocardial flow fell from 0.69(0.05) to 0.43(0.07) ml.min-1.g-1 (p less than 0.05). In the dogs in which left atrial pressure rose to less than or equal to 9 mmHg after left anterior descending artery occlusion, remote bed endocardial flow did not fall significantly (0.66(0.07) to 0.56(0.11) ml.min-1.g-1; NS). In contrast, remote bed endocardial flow fell from 0.73(0.07) to 0.28(0.06) ml.min-1.g-1 (p less than 0.0001) after left anterior descending artery occlusion in the dogs in which left atrial pressure rose to greater than 9 mmHg. The fall in remote bed endocardial flow was prevented in group 2 dogs by maintaining proximal left circumflex artery pressure constant (0.95(0.08) to 0.86(0.09) ml.min-1.g-1; NS). An important mechanism for the development of remote myocardial ischaemia appears to be the fall in proximal coronary perfusion pressure at the time of coronary occlusion. PMID- 3224354 TI - Alprazolam decreases isoproterenol induced myocardial damage in the rat. AB - Myocardial trauma and damage were induced by two doses of isoproterenol 40 mg.kg 1 in rats. Isoproterenol injections alone caused the expected cardiotoxicity. Two doses of alprazolam 0.5 mg.kg-1 decreased the severity of electrocardiographic changes after isoproterenol injection and the amount of myocardial tissue damage. The frequency of ischaemic ST-T changes, flat or inverted T waves, Q wave appearance, and heart block was significantly reduced in the alprazolam group. The alprazolam treated group had a significantly smaller proportion of infarcted tissue in the ventricular section (2.3%) and in the apical sections (1.8%) than the vehicle injected rats (6.5% and 14.7% respectively). There was no difference in wet heart weight or in heart rate between the alprazolam group and the control group. These results show that alprazolam has a cardioprotective effect in rats treated with cardiac damaging doses of isoproterenol. PMID- 3224353 TI - Mechanism of the protective action of taurine against isoprenaline induced myocardial damage. AB - The effect of the sulphur amino acid, taurine, on the biochemical changes induced by a toxic dose of isoprenaline was examined in chick hearts. Isoprenaline treatment (80 and 240 mg.kg-1 subcutaneously twice a day for four days) caused a dose dependent increase in heart to body weight ratio. Isoprenaline administration induced a substantial accumulation of calcium and caused a profound decrease of adenosine triphosphate content and creatine phosphokinase activity in the myocardium. A pronounced increase in lipoperoxide and decrease in phospholipid and reduced glutathione concentrations were also seen. Oral administration of taurine (200 mg.kg-1 for seven days) partially protected against these changes induced by isoprenaline. It is suggested that the beneficial effect of taurine may be due in part to inhibition of lipoperoxide formation and calcium accumulation and to protection against the deterioration of membrane phospholipids. PMID- 3224355 TI - Acetylcholine induces overdrive excitation in sheep Purkinje fibres. AB - The hypothesis that in the presence of acetylcholine overdrive may induce spontaneous repetitive activity (overdrive excitation) was tested by recording the transmembrane potentials and contractile force in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres perfused in vitro. The results were: (a) acetylcholine 10(-8) to 10(-4) mol.litre-1 increased the action potential duration, the diastolic depolarisation slope and amplitude, and the twitch amplitude in a dose dependent manner; (b) at concentrations of 10(-5) to 10(-4) mol.litre-1 the interruption of a 60 beat.min 1 drive often induced repetitive spontaneous activity which was fastest immediately after the drive, slowed gradually, and ceased abruptly when an oscillatory potential failed to attain the threshold; (c) in the presence of acetylcholine, in quiescent preparations, applying drives of different durations and at different frequencies resulted in a steeper and larger diastolic depolarisation, oscillatory potentials, and a prolonged afterdepolarisation; (d) when overdrive excitation was induced it was faster and longer after faster or longer overdrives; (e) the cessation of overdrive was often associated with an aftercontraction; (f) in the presence of acetylcholine and a high extracellular calcium concentration (10.8 mmol.litre-1) overdrive excitation was preceded by a short period of inhibition; (g) strophanthidin (5 x 10(-8) mol.litre-1) facilitated acetylcholine induced overdrive excitation (without an initial inhibition); (h) lowering the extracellular sodium concentration (-50% NaCl) antagonised overdrive excitation; and (i) atropine 10(-5) mol.litre-1 prevented acetylcholine induced overdrive excitation. It is concluded that acetylcholine induces overdrive excitation by causing a larger diastolic depolarisation, oscillatory potentials, and a transient prolonged afterdepolarisation; that overdrive excitation requires sodium as a charge carrier underlying the electrical events leading to the attainment of the threshold; and that acetylcholine induces excitation by acting on a muscarinic receptor. PMID- 3224357 TI - Laser angioplasty in peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 3224356 TI - Lignocaine in experimental myocardial infarction: failure to prevent neutrophil accumulation and ventricular fibrillation and to reduce infarct size. AB - Growing evidence supports the concept that neutrophils accumulating in reperfused ischaemic myocardium play a detrimental role in evolving infarction. Lignocaine, an antiarrhythmic drug commonly used clinically, interferes with neutrophil function in vitro and potentially in vivo. To test the hypothesis that lignocaine may influence infarct size by reducing neutrophil accumulation in reperfused ischaemic myocardium, 31 dogs underwent a 2 h occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 6 h of reperfusion. One group of dogs received saline (controls) the other a perfusion of lignocaine 0.06 mg.kg-1.min-1 starting 30 min before coronary occlusion and lasting for the duration of the experiment. Blood lignocaine concentrations at the onset of reperfusion were 3.3(0.6) micrograms.ml-1. 111Indium labelled autologous neutrophils were injected at the time of occlusion and their accumulation in the myocardium measured by digital scintigraphy of heart slices. The area at risk and infarct size were evaluated by planimetry of the heart slices (7 mm) after perfusion of Evans blue dye and triphenyltetrazolium staining. Ventricular fibrillation occurred in six controls and in five dogs receiving lignocaine. The phenomenon occurred early during the occlusion period in the lignocaine group (five dogs) and at reperfusion in controls (five dogs; p less than 0.05). In the remaining 20 dogs, 10 in each group, a linear correlation was found between myocardial 111In labelled neutrophil and circulating neutrophil counts at the onset of reperfusion (r = 0.076, p less than 0.05) and with infarct size (r = 0.96 and 0.74, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224358 TI - Kinetic analysis of acetylcholine-induced chloride current in isolated snail neurons. AB - 1. Kinetics of activation and desensitization phases of the acetylcholine (ACh) induced chloride current (ICI) were studied using isolated single neurons of Japanese land snail and the "concentration clamp" technique. 2. The dose-response curve for the peak ICI gave a dissociation constant of 7.1 x 10(-6) M and a Hill coefficient of 1.8. 3. The current-voltage relationship was linear in the voltage range examined (-60 to +10 mV) and the reversal potential (EACh) was -7.2 +/- 1.5 mV (N = 10). The value was close to the calculated equilibrium potential for chloride ions (ECI). 4. Both activation and desensitization phases of the ACh induced ICI consisted of a single exponential at concentrations less than 3 x 10( 6) M and a double exponential at higher concentrations. The time constants of both phases decreased with increasing ACh concentrations but showed no potential dependency. 5. The recovery from desensitization of the ICI induced by 5 x 10(-6) M ACh proceeded double exponentially, with time constants of 11 and 114 sec at a holding potential of -30 mV. 6. Noise analysis was performed on a steady-state current induced by 3 x 10(-7) to 2 x 10(-6) M ACh. The mean open time was about 60 msec at 10(-6) M ACh and the single-channel conductance was 14 PS. 7. These results suggest that the ACh receptor-Cl channel complex in snail neurons has two binding sites with the dissociation constant of 7.1 x 10(-6) M and is rapidly activated and desensitized to a steady level in the presence of the agonist. PMID- 3224359 TI - Casein kinases I and II bound to pig brain microtubules. AB - 1. Microtubules prepared from pig brain by two cycles of assembly-disassembly comprise cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase activity with phosvitin and troponin T as substrates. 2. Phosphocellulose chromatography resolved two phosvitin kinase activity peaks, one of which coincided with the troponin T kinase peak. 3. The activity peak corresponding to troponin T kinase was inhibited by heparin (I50 = 0.06 micrograms/ml), whereas the other phosvitin kinase peak was unaffected. 4. Both kinase fractions phosphorylated tubulin and microtubule-associated protein (MAP-2). 5. It is concluded that pig brain microtubules contain bound casein kinases I and II. The association may target the action of these kinases toward microtubular proteins in vivo. PMID- 3224360 TI - Differential responses of rat pineal thyroxine type II 5'-deiodinase and N acetyltransferase activities to either light exposure, isoproterenol, phenylephrine, or propranolol. AB - 1. Compared to pineal N-acetyl transferase (NAT) activity, which exhibited a dramatic drop following acute light exposure at night, nocturnal rat pineal thyroxine type II 5'-deiodinase (5'-D) activity was minimally influenced by the same light exposure. The injection of cycloheximide, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, although it did curtail the rise in NAT activity for at least 2 hr, did not elicit decreases in the activities of either 5'-D or NAT enzymes. Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, either delayed the continued nocturnal rise in 5'-D activity when injected at 0000 hr or slightly enhanced the fall in 5'-D activity when injected at 0200 hr. These results suggest that interruption of the synthesis of proteins is responsible for the slow deterioration of 5'-D activity induced by either light or propranolol. 2. The slight fall in 5'-D activity induced by light at night was prevented by isoproterenol; phenylephrine, however, did not prevent the fall and the effect of isoproterenol + phenylephrine was similar to that obtained with isoproterenol alone. On the other hand, the light-inhibited NAT activity recovered after the injection of isoproterenol; phenylephrine did not elicit any effect, but the injection of both isoproterenol and phenylephrine simultaneously caused a greater NAT response than that induced by isoproterenol alone. 3. When injected during the day, phenylephrine had no effect on either pineal 5'-D or NAT activities; however, the injection of either isoproterenol alone or isoproterenol + phenylephrine elicited 5-fold and 10-fold increases in nocturnal, light-suppressed 5'-D and NAT activities, respectively. During the day, phenylephrine did not potentiate the effects of isoproterenol on NAT activity as it did at night. When the effects of isoproterenol on the 5'-D activity were compared to rats exposed to light during the day and at night, the activity of 5'-D reached a higher level at night than during the day. PMID- 3224362 TI - The spleen colony technique. II. Errors in estimation of the fraction of CFU-s synthesizing DNA. AB - A refinement of the method for determining the fraction of CFU-s in the S phase is presented. The new procedures were tested by means of a model experiment in which the fraction of CFU-s 'killed' was simulated by diluting the cell suspension. Another test was to determine the fraction of the CFU-s in the S phase using duplicate samples. PMID- 3224361 TI - Distinct interactions between Ca2+/calmodulin and neurotransmitter stimulation of adenylate cyclase in striatum and hippocampus. AB - 1. Ca2+ and cAMP both act as intracellular second messengers of receptor activation. In neuronal tissue, Ca2+ acting via calmodulin can elevate cAMP levels. This regulation by Ca2+ provides a means whereby the elevation of intracellular [Ca2+] might modulate cAMP generation. 2. In the present studies, the impact of the Ca2+/calmodulin regulation on receptor-mediated stimulation of activity is compared in striatum and hippocampus--regions of differing sensitivity to Ca2+/camodulin. Ca2+/calmodulin stimulated striatal and hippocampal adenylate cyclase activity by 1.4- and 2.7-fold respectively, while dopamine and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulated the enzyme activity of these respective regions by 1.3- and 2-fold. 3. In the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin, the dopamine dose-response curve in the striatum was shifted upward, without alteration of the slope of the curve or of the maximal stimulation of activity elicited by dopamine. In the hippocampus, the ability of VIP to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity was reduced by the presence of calmodulin. 4. The dose dependence of these actions of calmodulin was examined. In the striatum, the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by 0.1 to 0.3 microM calmodulin obscured dopamine stimulation, while 1 to 10 microM was additive with the dopamine stimulation. In the hippocampus, all concentrations of calmodulin (0.1 to 10 microM) reduced VIP-mediated stimulation of enzyme activity. 5. These data suggest that the ratio of calmodulin-sensitive to calmodulin-insensitive adenylate cyclase activity varies in different rat brain regions and that, in those regions in which this ratio is low (e.g., rat striatum and most peripheral systems), calmodulin- and receptor-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase activity will be additive, while in those systems in which this ratio is high (e.g., most of the central nervous system), calmodulin will reduce receptor-mediated stimulation of enzyme activity. PMID- 3224363 TI - The spleen colony technique. III. Comparison of the overlap effect and of errors in CFU-s determination and the [3H]-thymidine suicide data for several strains of mice. AB - A mathematical model of errors of the spleen colony technique is applied to data obtained from four mouse strains and F1 hybrids. The variance of the colony counts was close to the Poisson distribution in inbred mice and F1 hybrids. However, it should be checked regularly. The magnitude of the error in CFU-s determination and of the estimations of the S phase fraction was derived, and is presented relative to the mean colony counts for all mouse strains studied. The optimum spleen colony counts are generally higher than those which are commonly used. However, the utilization of the optimum spleen colony counts requires a correction for the effect of colony overlap. PMID- 3224364 TI - Circadian rhythms are suppressed in hyperproliferative mouse epidermis. AB - We examined the chronically hyperproliferative epidermis of the asebia (ab/ab) mouse for circadian rhythms in cell proliferation and in the rate of DNA synthesis, which is related to S phase duration. The curve for the circadian rhythm in cell proliferation for asebia epidermis was suppressed and distorted in comparison to that for BALB/cJ epidermis and in comparison to a composite curve produced by averaging the results from ten other published studies. PMID- 3224365 TI - Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of Pannon (P-30 Protein), a novel anticancer agent. AB - P-30 Protein is a novel protein, of molecular weight approximately 15 KD, obtained from the extract of a vertebrate tissue showing in vivo antitumour activity. Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of this product in its purified form (P-30 Protein) or in partially purified extracts (Pannon) were studied in vitro on human leukaemic HL-60, human submaxillary carcinoma A-253, human colon adenocarcinoma Colo 320 CM and murine erythroleukaemia (Friend leukaemia) cell lines. Of these cells, HL-60, A-253 and Colo 320 CM were sensitive and Friend leukaemia resistant to this agent. The effects were time- and concentration dependent. During the initial 24-48 h of treatment, a slowdown in cell proliferation was apparent but cell death was not extensive. After 24-48 h, there was a reduction in the proportion of cells in S phase of the cell cycle and the cells became preferentially arrested in G1 phase. The G1 cells showed high heterogeneity with respect to RNA content and some cells were characterized by very low RNA content. Progressive cell death occurred in cultures maintained with Pannon for up to 7 d in proportion to its concentration. Reductions of 50 and 90% in clonogenicity of A-253 cells were observed during their growth in the presence of 0.13 and 1.5 micrograms/ml of this protein, respectively. Exponentially growing cells were more sensitive to Pannon compared with cells from confluent cultures. Colonies of A-253 cells growing in the presence of Pannon were much smaller in size compared with control colonies, indicating that the rate of proliferation of clonogens is reduced by this agent. It appears that P-30 Protein induces cytostatic effects via modulation of cell transition to quiescence or differentiation. The mechanism of its cytotoxic activity is unclear. PMID- 3224366 TI - Cell cycle redistribution of cultured cells after treatment with chemical radiation protectors. AB - The effect of two radioprotective agents (WR-1065 and WR-151326) was tested for their ability to modify cell cycle progression. Each protector was administered at a concentration of 4 mmol to exponentially growing cultures of V79 cells for periods of time up to 3 h. Under these conditions no cell toxicity was observed. At selected times up to and after removal of the protector, aliquots of cells were removed, counted and fixed in cold 70% ethanol. The cells were stained with DAPI in a 0.1% citrate solution and DNA histograms were obtained using a PARTEC PAS-II flow cytometer. The coefficient of variation of the G1 peaks obtained for unperturbed cell samples routinely ranged from 1.5 to 2.5%. During exposure, both radioprotectors effectively perturbed cell cycle progression, as characterized by a build-up of cells in S and G2 phases. After the protectors were removed, cells began to redistribute throughout the cell cycle. Twelve hours were required before cells exposed to WR-1065 approached levels commensurable with controls. In contrast, cells treated with WR-151236 required about 24 h to redistribute to control levels. These data demonstrate that different thiol-containing radioprotective compounds can differentially affect the progression and redistribution of exposed cells. PMID- 3224368 TI - The twelfth biennial conference of the International Cell Cycle Society. St. Petersburg, Florida, 20-23 April 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3224367 TI - Persistent dose-dependent increases in cycling of haemopoietic precursor cells after irradiation. AB - Between 3 weeks and 36 months after irradiation of mice, there was a dose dependent increased level of cycling in haemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) and in granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells (GM-CFC). For CFU-S the percentage kill measured using the thymidine suicide technique increased from about 10% in controls to a high and persistent average level of about 45% after 10 Gy gamma rays, and for GM-CFC the increase was from about 30% to about 50%. PMID- 3224369 TI - Elevated cellular calcium in disease states: cause or effect? PMID- 3224370 TI - Calcium dependence of bleb formation and cell death in hepatocytes. AB - Calcium dependence of bleb formation and cell death was evaluated in rat hepatocytes following ATP depletion by metabolic inhibition with KCN and iodoacetate ('chemical hypoxia'). Cytosolic free Ca2+ was measured in single cells by ratio imaging of Fura-2 fluorescence using multiparameter digitized video microscopy. Cells formed surface blebs within 10 to 20 minutes after chemical hypoxia and most cells lost viability within an hour. An increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ was not required for bleb formation to occur. One to a few minutes prior to the onset of cell death, free Ca2+ increased rapidly in high Ca2+ buffer (1.2 mM) but not in low Ca2+ buffer (less than 1 microM). In either buffer, the rate of cell killing was the same. As the onset of cell death was approached in both high and low Ca2+ buffers, Fura-2 began to leak from the cells at an accelerating rate indicating rapidly increasing plasma membrane permeability. In high Ca2+ buffer, cytosolic free Ca2+ increased in parallel with dye leakage. No regional changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ were observed during this metastable period of increased membrane permeability. In many experiments, actual rupture of cell surface blebs could be observed which led to micron-size discontinuities of the cell surface and cell death. We conclude that a metastable period characterized by increasing plasma membrane permeability marked the onset of cell death in cultured hepatocytes which culminated in rupture of a cell surface bleb. An increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ was not required for the metastable state to develop or cell death to occur. PMID- 3224371 TI - Calcium, calmodulin and cell proliferation. AB - Calcium and calmodulin have been proposed to be regulatory factors in cell cycle progression. Clonal mouse cell lines harboring episomally-carried genes have been prepared to address this question. Some lines produce extra calmodulin, others express antisense RNA to decrease calmodulin, while others produce the Ca2+ buffering protein parvalbumin. The results show that calmodulin acts at two points in the cell cycle--the G1/S boundary and metaphase transition. An additional Ca2+ event that is calmodulin-independent occurs at mitotic prophase. The elevated (or depressed) level of intracellular Ca2+ binding protein does not markedly affect gene expression. In cells containing excess calmodulin, the synthesis mechanisms that normally control the level of calmodulin post transcriptionally are overridden. Genes normally expressed in G1 whose products are involved in growth control show increases in calmodulin over producing cell lines. Elevated calmodulin decreases tubulin mRNA presumably due to its effect on microtubule stability. The availability of cell lines in which calmodulin can be inducibly increased or decreased should provide tools to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that govern the regulatory roles for this protein in cell cycle progression. PMID- 3224372 TI - Dissociation of membrane-cortex contacts in the hyalospheres of Amoeba proteus exposed to light-shade differences. AB - The hyalospheres produced by a heat shock spontaneously separated successive sheets of the cortical actin layer from the plasma membrane and retracted them inward. This phenomenon was hampered or completely inhibited by 10(4) lux white light and restored in shade. The frequency of detaching the consecutive submembrane sheets was much higher in the shade than in full light. If the light shade difference has been applied across a single hyalosphere, the detachment of cortical layer was initiated and continued in the shaded cell part. Sometimes it was followed by translocation of the hyaloplasm into the dark zone and a compensatory shift of the granuloplasmic core toward the bright area. Probably, the actin sheets which are detached in the frontal caps of normal locomoting amoebae react in the same way to positive or negative photic stimuli. PMID- 3224373 TI - Collagen biosynthesis by a breast carcinoma cell strain and biopsy fragments of the primary tumour. AB - Collagen biosynthesis was assayed in tissue fragments and in cultured neoplastic cells derived from primary ductal infiltrating carcinoma of the human breast. Neoplastic cells "in vitro" produce 3-4% of collagen with respect to the high molecular weight protein fraction. The neosynthesized collagen is mainly composed of alpha 1 (I) chains, which may be assembled as homotrimer molecules, as indicated by their resistance to pepsin digestion. In tissue fragments, (where neoplastic and host stromal cells coexist), the collagen percentage increases up to 15-20% and more than one polypeptide chain is produced. Present data suggest that neoplastic cells "in vivo" contribute to the deposition of collagen components, actively synthesizing a certain amount of the type I-trimer, which is a significant component of the "scirrhous" stroma (Minafra et al.1984; Pucci Minafra et al, 1985). This phenomenon is interpreted as one of the numerous interrelationships occurring at the cell-matrix interface during the malignant growth. PMID- 3224374 TI - Pressure sensitivity of tubulin expression in Tetrahymena. AB - A reduction in tubulin mRNA levels up to 35-40 min following pressure (10,000 psi for 5 min) was shown by cDNA hybridization in log growth phase and deciliated Tetrahymena. The level of tubulin mRNA increased to a maximum 1 hour after pressure release. Poly(A+) mRNA derived from pressure-treated and atmospheric control cells following deciliation was translated in vitro. The profile for tubulin synthesized in vitro closely resembled the tubulin mRNA profiles. In vivo tubulin synthesis measured by 35S methionine incorporation was suppressed 60%, 40 min following pressure release. The data supports the hypothesis that both transcription and post transcriptional events are sensitive to hydrostatic pressure. PMID- 3224375 TI - 2-D gel comparison of membrane proteins from freshly isolated and cultured fetal and adult hepatocytes. AB - Labelled membrane proteins from freshly isolated or over-night cultured rat hepatocytes were compared using 2-D gel electrophoresis. The membrane protein patterns changed rapidly after culturing, some changes being apparent after 5 hours in culture. These changes included the disappearance of a number of membrane proteins and the apparent altered glycosylation of others. Stability of hepatocyte membrane proteins in culture did not appear to be related to the stage of hepatocyte differentiation. A recognition that rapid changes in the membrane protein composition may occur after culturing is important for those wishing to use cultured cells to study membrane-associated functions. PMID- 3224376 TI - Effects of triiodothyronine on resting membrane potential of primary cultured rat submandibular gland cells. AB - The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the resting membrane potential was measured in primary cultured rat submandibular gland cells. The resting membrane potential was 29.5 +/- 0.71 mV. The hormone T3, at concentrations of 10(-9) M or greater, hyperpolarized the cells 5.8 mV (p less than 0.05). Hyperpolarization was complete within 24 hours. Ouabain (1 mM) depolarized the cells 5.9 mV. Cells exposed to T3 and ouabain had the same membrane potential as cells treated with ouabain alone. These data suggest that the hyperpolarization observed can be, in part, attributed to triiodothyronine-induced synthesis of (Na-K)-adenosine triphosphatase. PMID- 3224377 TI - A comparative study of chicken ventricular and slow skeletal myosin light chains. AB - 1. Comparison of ventricular and slow skeletal myosin light chains was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), peptide mapping of electrophoretically purified proteins and immunoblots. 2. Both in rabbit and in chicken ventricular and slow skeletal myosin light chain composition was identical. PMID- 3224378 TI - Anti-rheumatic drugs. PMID- 3224379 TI - A novel 53 kDa actin binding protein from porcine brain--further biochemical and immunological characterization. AB - We have previously described some of the characteristics of an actin binding protein, 53 K protein, purified from porcine brains. The purification procedure was revised in order to investigate of this actin binding protein further. A Scatchard plot analysis showed that the association constant between actin and the 53 K protein has around the same value as those reported for the fascin-actin and for the filamin-actin interactions. The binding experiments also demonstrated the occurrence of competitive binding with other actin binding proteins such as filamin, alpha-actinin, caldesmon and tropomyosin for the actin filament. Antibody was produced against brain 53 K protein and further purified on an affinity column. Immunoblot analysis using the antibody showed that this protein is localized in both the soluble and membraneous fraction of the brain. Other tissues such as liver and lung also contain 53 K protein. The immunoblot analysis also revealed that the gelation product of rat brain extract described by Palmer et al. contains immunoreactive polypeptides having slightly lower molecular weights and more basic isoelectric points than porcine brain 53 K protein. Immunological localization of the 53 K protein within HeLa and BS-C-1 cells showed that this protein is distributed throughout the cell in small granules, and in some regions of the cell, these granules were aggregated into much larger granules. PMID- 3224380 TI - Regional variation and function of nucleotide and amino acid sequence. AB - Two methods of qualitative analysis of sequence distribution in DNA and protein are presented. The first method is based on the finding that the frequency of occurrence of each nucleotide in a defined sequence with functional significance more or less deviates from uniform distribution. The deviation found in this defined sequence seems to parallel the function of this sequence. In the second method, two model compounds (trypsin and its inhibitor) have been used to see the topological fit between their local structures. Acrophilicity parameter for amino acid was used to construct the topological structure. Both methods may find practical application in algorithms to design functional DNA and protein molecules. PMID- 3224381 TI - Visualization of cytosolic free calcium distribution and mobilization in guinea pig gastric chief cells. AB - Distribution and temporal change of free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) in single guinea pig gastric chief cells were visualized by a digital imaging microscope equipped with a microspectrofluorometer. The distribution was not homogeneous; a higher [Ca2+]i area was often localized in some restricted regions of the endoplasm and also at the peripheral cytoplasm just beneath the plasma membrane. When stimulated with cholecystokinin, [Ca2+]i increased transiently in the apical peripheral cytoplasm and in the endoplasmic regions. This Ca2+ mobilization which precedes the biphasic pepsinogen secretion was composed of a rapid Ca2+ release from the intracellular store(s) as well as a rapid and a more sustained Ca2+ entry from the extracellular space. PMID- 3224382 TI - Stimulation of the phosphorylation of cytoskeletal 350-kDa and 300-kDa proteins by insulin-like growth factor-I, platelet-derived growth factor and phorbol ester in rat 3Y1 cells. AB - Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) stimulated the phosphorylation of cytoskeletal 350-kDa and 300-kDa proteins which were immunoprecipitated with antibodies against brain high molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins in quiescent rat 3Y1 cells. The data on the effective concentrations of IGF-I and 125I-labeled IGF-I binding indicated that type I IGF receptors mediate this IGF-I effect. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) as well as phorbol ester (TPA) also stimulated the phosphorylation of these proteins. These proteins, whether immunoprecipitated from cells stimulated by insulin, IGF-I, TPA, PDGF, or epidermal growth factor, produced very similar phosphopeptide mapping patterns irrespective of the stimulant. The results suggest the possibility that these growth factors and phorbol esters may activate a common protein kinase which is responsible for the phosphorylation of the 350-kDa and 300-kDa proteins in cells. PMID- 3224383 TI - Golgi-cilium complex in rabbit ciliary process cells. AB - We report here on a structural association of single cilia, via their striated rootlets, with the Golgi complex in epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts of rabbit ciliary processes of the eye. The structure is designated a Golgi-cilium complex and its likely role in aqueous humor production is discussed. PMID- 3224384 TI - Genetic analysis and the construction of master strains for assignment of genes to six linkage groups in Aspergillus niger. AB - A start has been made on establishing a collection of Aspergillus niger colour and auxotrophic mutants with an isogenic background for use as a source of genetic markers. All strains have short conidiophores (csp A1), which makes them easy to handle on test plates. Genetic markers were combined stepwise by somatic recombination. Somatic diploids were obtained at frequencies of 10(-6) -10(-5) with conidiospores collected from a heterokaryon. The haploidization of heterozygous diploids was induced by benomyl. For unlinked markers, the frequency of recombinants varied from 35%-65%. Low frequencies of recombinants were found between markers on a same chromosome, but this was sometimes disturbed by mitotic crossing-over during an early stage of the diploid. Master strains were constructed having markers for six linkage groups. PMID- 3224385 TI - Transformation as a method of increasing gene copy number and gene expression in the basidiomycete fungus Coprinus cinereus. AB - Seven transformants having varying numbers of non-homologously integrated copies of the isocitrate lyase gene, acu-7, were analysed for enzyme activity. Maximum levels of activity, 3.8 times that of the wild type, were observed in a transformant with only two gene copies whereas eight gene copies in another transformant led to only 25% wild type activity. Acu+ transformants were not selected directly for expression of acu-7 but as cotransformants. Analysis of 14 transformants not expressing acu-7 showed that four contained transforming DNA sequences and significantly, two had evidence of non-homologously integrated tandem duplications of the entire acu-7 plasmid DNA. The site of integration of the gene was thus important in determining whether or not it was expressed and to what level it was expressed. A comparison of induced and uninduced levels of enzyme activity confirmed that the enzyme was still tightly regulated. PMID- 3224386 TI - Differential expression of Ustilago maydis DNA sequences during induction of nitrate reductase enzyme activity. AB - A differential hybridisation screen of an Ustilago maydis genomic DNA library was used to identify DNA sequences transcribed at higher levels under growth conditions which induce nitrate reductase activity. After two rounds of screening, four different sequences showed a strongly enhanced hybridisation signal with an induced cDNA probe relative to a repressed cDNA probe. The sequence in plasmid pMH3007 hybridised to a U. maydis RNA transcript of a 4.2 kb. This is identical in size to a transcript, also nitrate inducible, which hybridised to cloned Aspergillus nidulans nitrate reductase gene sequences at a reduced stringency. PMID- 3224387 TI - Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding the small subunit precursor of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from Chlamydomonas moewusii. Evolution of RUBISCO SS polypeptide. AB - We have isolated and characterized a full-length cDNA clone encoding the precursor of the small subunit (pSU) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO) from the green alga, Chlamydomonas moewusii. Comparison with the C. reinhardtii rbcS1 gene sequence reveals that both small subunit (SS) coding regions are 75% homologous and that their predicted mature polypeptide chains are each composed of 140 amino acids. In contrast, their transit peptides appear to be divergent. We also show that transcription of the C. moewusii rbcS gene(s) which generates a 1,230 and a 930 base mRNA species are light-stimulated/or accumulated during the light period of the cell cycle. Finally, the SS polypeptide sequences of fifteen different photosynthetic organisms are compared; this analysis reveals at least five well-conserved polypeptide domains. PMID- 3224388 TI - Sequence analysis of the junction of the large single copy region and the large inverted repeat in the petunia chloroplast genome. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence at the junction of the large single copy (LSC) region and the right and left members of the large inverted repeat, IRA and IRB, respectively, of the petunia chloroplast (cp) genome. As in Nicotiana debneyi and spinach (Zurawski et al. 1984), coding sequences of rps19 of petunia overlap the junction of IRB and LSC. Immediately into the LSC region upstream of IRA in the petunia cp genome are two small insertions relative to N. debneyi that occur at sites just inside IRA of N. debneyi. We discuss how these additions in one copy of the large inverted repeat of an N. debneyi-like ancestor to petunia resulted in shortening of the petunia large inverted repeat by 8 bases and in the resultant slight movement of rps19 farther into LSC. On a larger scale, the large inverted repeat in the tobacco, N. debneyi and petunia lineage relative to a spinach-like ancestor may have sustained several contractions due to deletions between short direct repeats found within IRA and the IRA/LSC junction. We also show how the large inverted repeat of N. debneyi instead may have been expanded relative to a tobacco-like ancestor by insertion into the large inverted repeat of bases between short inverted repeat sequences in LSC and the LSC/IRB junction. PMID- 3224390 TI - [Lung cysts]. PMID- 3224391 TI - [Cephalothoracopagus in the CT picture]. PMID- 3224389 TI - Location, identity, amount and serial entry of chloroplast DNA sequences in crucifer mitochondrial DNAs. AB - Southern blot hybridization techniques were used to examine the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences present in the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of two Brassica species (B. campestris and B. hirta), two closely related species belonging to the same tribe as Brassica (Raphanus sativa, Crambe abyssinica), and two more distantly related species of crucifers (Arabidopsis thaliana, Capsella bursa pastoris). The two Brassica species and R. sativa contain roughly equal amounts (12-14 kb) of cpDNA sequences integrated within their 208-242 kb mtDNAs. Furthermore, the 11 identified regions of transferred DNA, which include the 5' end of the chloroplast psaA gene and the central segment of rpoB, have the same mtDNA locations in these three species. Crambe abyssinica mtDNA has the same complement of cpDNA sequences, plus an additional major region of cpDNA sequence similarity which includes the 16S rRNA gene. Therefore, except for the more recently arrived 16S rRNA gene, all of these cpDNA sequences appear to have entered the mitochondrial genome in the common ancestor of these three genera. The mitochondrial genomes of A. thaliana and Capsella bursa-pastoris contain significantly less cpDNA (5-7 kb) than the four other mtDNAs. However, certain cpDNA sequences, including the central portion of the rbcL gene and the 3' end of the psaA gene, are shared by all six crucifer mtDNAs and appear to have been transferred in a common ancestor of the crucifer family over 30 million years ago. In conclusion, DNA has been transferred sequentially from the chloroplast to the mitochondrion during crucifer evolution and there cpDNA sequences can persist in the mitochondrial genome over long periods of evolutionary time. PMID- 3224392 TI - [Possibilities of computer tomography in examining the adrenal glands]. PMID- 3224393 TI - [Use of computer tomography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lymphedema of the extremities]. PMID- 3224394 TI - [Radiation injuries of the spinal cord]. PMID- 3224395 TI - [Surface dosage from 60Co irradiation units]. PMID- 3224396 TI - In vitro activity of pefloxacin compared with five other quinolones on nalidixic acid-resistant proteae species. AB - The in vitro activity of pefloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was compared with that of 5 other quinolone compounds (nalidixic and pipemidic acids, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin) against 416 strains of Proteae spp. isolated from urine specimens of hospitalized patients with acute urinary tract infections (UTI). Ciprofloxacin was the most active agent. Norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin were similarly active against Proteus strains (MIC90 = 0.39 microgram/ml). Against Providencia spp. pefloxacin and norfloxacin showed similar activity (MIC90 = 3.12 micrograms/ml). There is minimal discrepancy between minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations exhibited by the quinolones for all urinary tract pathogens tested. Our in vitro studies indicate that pefloxacin is an active antimicrobial agent and suggest that it will prove useful in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections due to nalidixic acid-resistant Proteae spp. PMID- 3224397 TI - Effect of pefloxacin on adherence of Proteus-Providencia spp to squamous epithelial cells. AB - Pefloxacin, a new piperazinyl substituted quinolone derivative, reduced at sub MICs (Minimal Subinhibitory Concentrations: four times lower than Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations) the in vitro adherence of Proteus-Providencia spp. to squamous epithelial cells obtained from the urinary tract. The decrease of adherence was about 30% and 50% after 1 h and, respectively, 16-18 h of incubation with pefloxacin. This finding suggests that pefloxacin may play a role in determining the in vivo adhesion of Proteus-Providencia spp. on the urinary tract and consequently the expression of bacterial pathogenic potency. PMID- 3224398 TI - In vitro activity of sulbactam/ampicillin and ampicillin against methicillin sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin and ampicillin + sulbactam (1:1) against 165 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 72 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis have been evaluated. The activity of the combination was very good. A concentration of 16 micrograms/ml + 16 micrograms/ml inhibited 96.9% of S. aureus and the 100% of S. epidermidis strains (at the same concentration ampicillin alone inhibited only 55.15% and 56.9% of S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains respectively). Activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (14.5%) was poor, whereas against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (67.2%) the combination maintained high efficacy. PMID- 3224399 TI - Roxithromycin and controlled release theophylline, an interaction study. AB - A clinical trial, involving 16 male subjects affected by a relapse of chronic bronchitis, was performed in order to evaluate the possible interference of roxithromycin (RU 28965) with theophylline plasma levels. Theophylline was administered to patients as a controlled release formulation. Results did not show any clinically relevant change in theophylline blood levels, implying the conclusion that the new macrolide roxithromycin can be administered simultaneously with a controlled release theophylline. PMID- 3224400 TI - Ceftizoxime concentrations in human aqueous humor following intravenous administration. AB - The aqueous humor penetration of the third-generation cephalosporin, ceftizoxime, was determined in 21 patients awaiting cataract extraction, after an intravenous bolus injection of 2 g. The beta-lactam compound achieved a mean peak aqueous humor concentration of 7.8 mg/l two hours after administration with a serum/humor percent ratio ranging between 7 and 16% during the four-hour sampling interval. Therefore, ceftizoxime levels in this extravascular fluid were above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for the majority of sensitive organisms. PMID- 3224401 TI - Clinical safety and efficacy of ofloxacin. AB - In this study we report about the efficacy and tolerability of ofloxacin in the treatment of 15 patients with severe and moderately severe infections including osteomyelitis (5), soft tissue infections (5), salmonellosis in AIDS patients (2), acute or chronic pulmonary infections (2) and mediastinitis (1). The following organisms were isolated in culture specimens: Staphylococcus aureus (4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3), Serratia marcescens (1), Escherichia coli (1), Aeromonas hydrophila (1), Klebsiella oxytoca (1), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1), Salmonella cholerae-suis (1), Salmonella sp. (1), Enterobacter cloacae (1). All isolates were sensitive to the drug. Of 5 cases with osteomyelitis, 2 were cured and 3 improved clinically (with bacteriological eradication of the pathogens). The best results were obtained in patients with soft tissue infections: 4 patients were cured and 1 improved. Two patients with salmonella bacteremia and AIDS experienced a recurrence 1 month and 2 months respectively after stopping therapy. The patient with mediastinitis was successfully treated. Improvement was recorded for 2 patients with bronchiectasis and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. The drug was well tolerated, only one episode of mild nausea and vomiting was reported and did not require discontinuation of the therapy. The study indicates that ofloxacin is a safe and effective agent in the treatment of various infections. PMID- 3224402 TI - Piperacillin plus amikacin versus cefotaxime plus amikacin in neutropenic and feverish patients with malignant hemopathies. AB - Seventy-one neutropenic patients under cytostatic treatment for malignant hemopathies (neutrophil granulocytes less than or equal to/mm3 with feverish episodes in progress (T greater than or equal to 38.5 degrees C) which were probably of an infectious nature were treated according to two antibiotic protocols (piperacillin + amikacin [P + A] or cefotaxime + amikacin [C + A] in a randomized, comparative, prospective study. Of the 71 patients enrolled, 65 could in the end be evaluated for the purposes of this study (36 treated according to the P + A protocol, 29 according to the C + A protocol). In 16 patients the infection was documented bacteriologically. In these cases the percentages of response were, respectively, 77.7% with the P + A and 71.4% with the C + A protocol. The positive clinical results of the two protocols being studied were, considering the entire survey (bacteriologically documented, clinically documented and FUO infections), respectively, 69.4% in the patients treated with P + A and 62.0% in those treated with C + A. The results of the study seem to indicate that the severity of the neutropenia (N.G. less than 500 or greater than 500) does not affect the response to the antibiotic therapy. Modest and transient side effects (hypokalemia and increase of the ClCr) were noted above all in the patients subjected to the therapy with C + A. The results of this study show, therefore, a superimposable effectiveness of the two therapeutic protocols (P + A and C + A) in the empirical treatment of infections in neutropenic patients with malignant hemopathies. PMID- 3224403 TI - Mitoxantrone, 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide in advanced breast cancer. AB - Thirty patients with advanced breast cancer, not pretreated with chemotherapy, received a polychemotherapy regimen containing mitoxantrone, fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide at the dose of 10 mg/m2, 500 mg/m2 and 500 mg/m2 i.v. respectively every 28 days. Out of 25 patients evaluable for response 9 patients achieved a partial remission (36%) for a median duration of 20.5 weeks. The main side effects were leukopenia (grade 3-4 in 70%) and nausea-vomiting (grade 3-4 in 27%). Alopecia was present only in 5 patients (17%). Three patients demonstrated instrumental signs of cardiotoxicity without clinical symptoms. PMID- 3224404 TI - [Blood glucose self-monitoring and diabetic dyschromatopsias]. PMID- 3224405 TI - [Surveillance of advanced glaucoma with automated perimetry]. PMID- 3224406 TI - [Perifoveal pigmentary dystrophy]. PMID- 3224407 TI - [Strategies in static testing of the visual fields]. PMID- 3224408 TI - [A random dots stereotest]. PMID- 3224409 TI - [Reflections apropos of 100 cases of radial keratotomy]. PMID- 3224410 TI - [Medium-term study of the endothelio-descemet in specular microscopy. Apropos of 66 surgical and medical cases]. PMID- 3224411 TI - [150 implants of the posterior chamber: incidents and accidents. Results]. PMID- 3224412 TI - [Comparative retinal angiographic study after implantation in the posterior and anterior chamber]. PMID- 3224413 TI - [The crystalline lens, source of diffraction. Its clinical study on the objective course of lens opacities]. PMID- 3224414 TI - [Glaucoma cataract (personal technic)]. PMID- 3224415 TI - [Current role of angiocyclodiathermy in the surgical treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 3224416 TI - [Morphoscopic acuity]. PMID- 3224417 TI - [Functional amblyopia. Survey at a military selection center]. PMID- 3224418 TI - [Microcomputers and the operative plan in strabismus: update on the Macintosh]. PMID- 3224419 TI - [Cyclosporin and treatment of non-infectious uveitis (apropos of a case of recurrent and bilateral uveopapillitis)]. PMID- 3224420 TI - [Tapetoretinal degeneration: apropos of a case associated with bilateral optic neuritis]. PMID- 3224421 TI - [Value of the gas, sulfur hexafluoride in the first surgery of retinal detachment without associated vitrectomy]. PMID- 3224422 TI - [Original technic of extraction of intraocular foreign body]. PMID- 3224423 TI - Ontogenetic development of the 5 alpha-reductase in the rat brain: cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, purified myelin and isolated oligodendrocytes. AB - In the central nervous system of the rat, the 5 alpha-reductase, the enzyme which converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, appears to be concentrated in the white matter and in particular to be associated with myelin. In order to verify whether a temporal correlation might exist between the formation of myelin membranes and the variations of the 5 alpha-reductase activity observed in the brain, the enzymatic activity was studied in the cerebral cortex and in the hypothalamus of male rat in the age range of 3-60 days, in myelin purified from animals of 15-60 days of life and in oligodendrocytes (i.e. in the cells responsible for the formation of the myelin) isolated from the brain of adult and very young rats (7th day of life, when the myelination process is not yet initiated). The results show that the formation of 5 alpha-androstane-17 beta-ol 3-one (DHT) in the cerebral cortex and in the hypothalamus has a peak activity in the first two weeks of life, before the beginning of the myelination process; purified myelin has an enzymatic activity always much higher than that present in the cerebral cortex and in the hypothalamus and shows a peak in the formation of DHT in the first period of myelinogenesis, on the third week of life. Finally the oligodendrocytes of young rats possess a much higher ability to convert testosterone into the 5 alpha-reduced metabolites than the oligodendrocytes of adult animals. A possible involvement of this enzyme in the myelin function may be hypothesized. PMID- 3224424 TI - Feeding behavior in mammals: corticobulbar projection is reorganized during conversion from sucking to chewing. AB - It is known that repetitive stimulation of the frontal cortex (cortical masticatory area, CMA) induces rhythmical jaw movements similar to chewing in adult mammals. In the present study we were able to induce rhythmical jaw movements similar to sucking by repetitive stimulation of the frontal cortex in neonatal guinea pigs. This area, which we named the cortical sucking area (CSA), was located rostral to the CMA which was later formed upon maturation. Neurons of the CSA were shown electrophysiologically and morphologically to project primarily to the dorsal part of the paragigantocellular reticular nucleus of the contralateral side. This was the site which the CMA neurons, later, projected to induce chewing. It is generally thought that tooth eruption triggers the conversion from sucking to chewing. However, guinea pigs are born with a complete permanent dentition and therefore devoid of this peripheral trigger for the conversion to chewing. Accordingly we propose that shift of the cortical projection area from the CSA to the CMA during the maturation causes the conversion of the mammalian feeding behavior. It is discussed that this transition involves extensive reorganization of the cortical efferent system including the pyramidal tract during early postnatal development. PMID- 3224425 TI - The development of GABAergic neurons in the rat hippocampal formation. An immunocytochemical study. AB - Recent studies have indicated that hippocampal GABAergic neurons in both the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn are generated prenatally. Although the adult distribution of GABAergic neurons has been previously described by numerous investigators, the early postnatal appearance of these neurons has not been described. In the present study, immunocytochemical methods were used to localize GABAergic neurons with antisera to both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). The GABA-positive neurons appeared at the earliest postnatal day (PND) examined, 4 PND. In contrast, GAD-positive cells were not observed until 6 PND, and the number of these neurons remained less than that of the GABA-positive neurons until 14 PND. These findings indicated that immunocytochemically detectable amounts of GAD were not present in many young GABAergic neurons. Both GABA- and GAD-positive hippocampal neurons showed two large increases in number during the 4-8 PND and 12-16 PND time periods, and they reached about 90% of adult levels before 18 PND. The regional distribution of GABA- and GAD-positive neurons throughout the hippocampal formation was homogeneous for all ages examined except 4 PND. At this age, the GABA-positive cells appeared in clusters in the proximal CA3 and the distal CA1 relative to the dentate gyrus. In addition, the number of hippocampal neurons immunostained in adult preparations for both antisera to GABA and GAD showed a similar number and distribution. The data on the developmental appearance of GABA and GAD immunoreactivities are consistent with biochemical data for the development of GABA concentration and GAD activity in the hippocampal formation. Together, these data provide important information about the functional maturation of the hippocampal GABAergic system in the first 3 weeks of rat brain development. PMID- 3224426 TI - Endothelial fenestrae in the rat fetal cerebrum. AB - Ultrastructural analysis of endothelial cells during forebrain ontogenesis in the rat was carried out with special reference to endothelial fenestrae. Before the stage of neuroblast formation, i.e., at embryonic day 11 (E11) or E12, blood vessels were present only in the perineural mesenchymal tissue and possessed endothelial fenestrae in most of their cytoplasm. From E13 to E16, blood vessels invaded into the neural parenchyma, where the migrating zone was formed just outside the matrix layer. Peri- and intraneural endothelial cells during this period showed some peculiar ultrastructural changes characterized by cytoplasmic thickening, pseudopodial protrusions and the formation of large vesicles. In association with these changes, the fenestrae rapidly decreased in frequency, and had disappeared completely by E17. These results indicate that non-fenestrated endothelial cells are established in the developing rat cerebrum by E17 onwards. PMID- 3224427 TI - The influence of prenatal phenobarbital exposure on the growth of dendrites in the rat hippocampus. AB - Barbiturates, such as phenobarbital (PHB), are often used during pregnancy and early neonatal life to prevent epileptic seizures, hyperbilirubinemia and the stressful effects of labor. However, the long-term consequences of barbiturate exposure during the prenatal and neonatal periods have not been fully investigated. Several studies have indicated that phenobarbital does affect the resulting morphology and neurochemistry of various components of the central nervous system. In the present study we have investigated the effects of 3 days of prenatal phenobarbital administration (days 18-20 of gestation) on the growth and development of dendrites within the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the rat. Pups were sacrificed on days 5, 10, 23, and 35 of postnatal age and the brains were processed for Golgi impregnation of neurons. The terminal and non-terminal segments of apical and basal dendrites of neurons within the CA1 region of the hippocampus were analyzed with the aid of a scanning stage on a Zeiss universal photomicroscope and a PDP 11/23 microcomputer. In general, results indicated that 3 days of prenatal PHB severely suppresses the development of the dendritic tree which normally takes place during the first 35 days of postnatal life. There are significantly less branch points and the overall dendritic length of both apical and basal dendrites is reduced. These results indicate that prenatal PHB, even for short periods of time, affects the normal morphological development of the hippocampus. Thus, the utilization of PHB in the treatment of various human prenatal disorders should be questioned. PMID- 3224428 TI - Early effects of gonadal steroids on the neuron number in the medial posterior region and the lateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the rat. AB - This work investigates the possible existence of sex differences in the number of neurons in the medial posterior region (BNSTMp) and the lateral division (BNSTL) of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the rat. These two zones of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis belong, respectively, to the vomeronasal system (VNS), and to the main olfactory system (MOS). In the BNSTMp, males showed a greater number of neurons than females. Early postnatal (Day 1 after birth) orchidectomy in males, and androgenization in females, eliminated and reversed these differences. In the BNSTL, sexual dimorphism was restricted to its anterior region (BNSTLa). Females showed there a greater number of neurons than males. Male orchidectomy on Day 1 after birth increased the number of neurons, while female androgenization produced the opposite effect. The results obtained in this study support the hypothesis that the VNS is sexodimorphic, and suggest that sex differences exist in MOS, and that these differences are controlled by gonadal steroids during the perinatal period. PMID- 3224429 TI - Afferent control of neuron numbers in the developing brain. AB - In this study we tested whether the quantitative matching of developing neuronal populations may depend on the size of the afferent supply. Partial deafferentation of the middle division of the parabigeminal nucleus (PBm) was produced before the period of naturally occurring cell death, by reducing the neuronal population of the superior colliculus following partial lesions or eye removal. The number of neurons surviving cell death in the PBm was linearly related to the number of its afferent neurons. This result supports the hypothesis that neurotrophic control by the afferent supply during the period of natural neuronal death is a major determinant of the number of neurons in the developing brain. PMID- 3224430 TI - Cellular and subcellular localisation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors during postnatal development of cat visual cortex using immunocytochemical procedures. AB - A monoclonal antibody against the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was used to study the distribution of this receptor within the cat visual cortex at the light and electron microscopic level. Immunolabelling was found to be distributed mainly in cell bodies and dendrites in both young and adult cats. The laminar distribution, however, changed during development from cortical layers IV and to a lesser extent II in kittens of 28-42 days of age into one favouring the upper (L I-III) and lower layers (L V and VI) in kittens and cats more then 60 days of age. Electronmicroscopy revealed staining of membranes of cell bodies and dendrites and a great amount of intra-cellular staining of vesicles and internal membranes. Since the receptors are found on cell bodies and dendrites in both kittens and adults this indicates that different populations of cortical cells express these muscarinic receptors at different postnatal ages. PMID- 3224431 TI - Hemispherectomy in the newborn hamster: effect on cell death in the extraocular motor nuclei. AB - In order to test the effect of removing the corticonuclear pathway on the development of the extraocular motor nuclei, a hemispherectomy was performed in newborn hamsters. After a survival period of 20 days, the number of neurons in the extraocular motor nuclei was compared to that of intact animals. The number of neurons in the stated nuclei showed a significant reduction in the experimental animals in comparison to controls. The decrease in the number of neurons affected all types of cells. Both sides of the brain showed the reduction in the number of neurons, although more intensely in the contralateral side. The results stress the importance of normal cortical input in regulating regressive phenomena in subcortical motor nuclei. PMID- 3224432 TI - Sexual differentiation of the human hypothalamus: ontogeny of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. AB - Sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus of the human brain is generally believed to take place around midpregnancy and thought to be related to the development of sexual orientation and gender identity. The present life span study on the human sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of more than a hundred subjects revealed, however, that at the age of 2-4 years the SDN cell number reaches a peak value, and that only after this age sexual differentiation becomes manifest. Furthermore, the SDN cell number in homosexual men was not different from that of the male reference group, but significantly larger than the cell number in age-matched women. PMID- 3224433 TI - Induction of angiotensinogen mRNA in hepatocytes by angiotensin II and glucocorticoids. AB - In isolated rat hepatocytes, exposed to angiotensin II and glucocorticoids, angiotensinogen mRNA increased within 30-60 min, and angiotensinogen secretion with a time lag of about 2 hours. After 4 hours, angiotensinogen mRNA, estimated by liquid hybridization with radiolabeled cRNA, was 5.9 +/- 0.4 in control, and 10.8 +/- 0.8, 11.7 +/- 0.4, 16.1 +/- 0.8 and 21.7 +/- 0.2 pg/micrograms of total RNA in cells exposed to angiotensin II (9 nM and 90 nM), hydrocortisone (100 microM) and dexamethasone (10 microM) respectively. The corresponding secretion rates of angiotensinogen were 72 +/- 7, 124 +/- 4, 132 +/- 12, 220 +/- 19 and 217 +/- 18 fmol angiotensinogen/mg wet weight/hour. Thus, angiotensin II stimulates angiotensinogen synthesis and secretion by acting at a pretranslational site. PMID- 3224434 TI - Tuberoinfundibular transport of intrahypothalamic-administered dopamine in normo- and hypertensive rats. AB - The dopamine transport system in the tuberoinfundibular tract of the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was investigated. The results show that the rate of dopamine transport in this tract is strain-specific. SD rats transported twice as much dopamine (in 30 minutes) as WKY and SHR. The dopamine transport system in the SHR, being at par with that of the WKY, remained intact. These findings suggest that hypertension and the alleged reduced central dopaminergic activity in the SHR is not related to the transport of dopamine in the tuberoinfundibular tract. PMID- 3224435 TI - Increase in perivascular noradrenergic nerve density and decrease in acetylcholinesterase-positive sympathetic nerve density in the kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The density and pattern of sympathetic nerve fibres in the kidneys of 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and of control age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied by catecholamine histofluorescence and acetylcholinesterase histochemical techniques. Varicose noradrenergic fibres primarily supply renal vasculature and were concentrated in small arteries and in afferent glomerular arterioles. The number and the density of these nerve fibres were increased in SHR. Acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibres were distributed to the renal vascular tree in the same way as the noradrenergic nerves and disappeared after chemical sympathectomy, suggesting their sympathetic nature. Acetylcholinesterase-positive perivascular nerve fibres were decreased in SHR. The possible significance of the two directional behaviour of sympathetic nerves (noradrenergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive) in the kidneys of SHR is discussed. PMID- 3224436 TI - Angiotensin receptors and the vagal system. AB - Angiotensin II (Ang II) is known to attenuate the vagal component of the baroreflex at both central and peripheral cardiac sites. Ang II receptor binding sites occur in both the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), where they are associated with vagal afferent terminals, and in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus. In this study we have examined the distribution of Ang II binding sites in the cell bodies of vagal afferents in the nodose ganglion, and investigated whether these receptors are transported in the vagus nerve. Dense Ang II receptor binding was observed over neuronal cell bodies in the nodose ganglion and, in streaks, in the vagus nerve. Vagal ligation distal to the nodose ganglion resulted in a marked accumulation of receptor binding sites, proximal to the ligature, with a moderate increase on the distal side. These results demonstrate that Ang II receptor binding sites occur in the nodose ganglion and are transported centrally in the vagus to be located on presynaptic terminals in the NTS and also peripherally where they may occur on terminals of the vagus. PMID- 3224437 TI - Pathophysiological role of the vascular renin-angiotensin system in renal hypertensive rats. PMID- 3224438 TI - Functional angiotensin receptor on cultured bovine chromaffin cells: secretory response to angiotensin II and angiotensin III. AB - The adrenal medulla responds in vivo to exogenous angiotensin II by secreting catecholamines. We previously reported that an angiotensin receptor is present on cultured bovine chromaffin cells and mediates secretion of adrenal catecholamines. The present report examines whether the bovine chromaffin cell receptor responds to angiotensin III. We show in this report that angiotensin III is nearly equiactive with angiotensin II as a secretagogue in these cultured cells. PMID- 3224439 TI - A method to define reference profiles for ambulatory blood pressure, with application to blood pressure profiles in 158 young subjects. AB - Ambulatory blood pressures (systolic, SBP, diastolic, DBP) and heart rate were determined over 24 h every 15 min in the day and every 15 min in the night in 72 normal subjects aged 21 +/- 1 SEM with normal casual office pressures (WHO's criteria: office DBP less than or equal to 90 mmHg, office SBP less than or equal to 140 mmHg) and in 86 essential hypertensive subjects aged 21 +/- 1, with borderline office pressure (WHO's criteria: office DBP less than or equal to 95 mmHg, office SBP less than or equal to 160 mmHg). Complete 24-hour profiles (mean +/- SD) were reported. In the average, mean ambulatory DBP in the normal group was about 72.5 mmHg in "day time" (9 a.m.-9 p.m.) and 63.5 mmHg in "night time" (midnight-7 a.m.). Ambulatory SBP in the normal group were about 126 mmHg and 110 mmHg for the same time periods. In the borderline hypertensive group, the figures were 74 mmHg (day-time) and 67 mmHg (night time) for diastolic pressure and 140 mmHg (day time) and 118 mmHg (night time) for systolic pressure. However, when the normal and borderline groups were defined as above on the basis of office pressure, ambulatory blood pressure profiles in the two groups showed a large overlap. A method was proposed to reduce this overlap by partially reallocating the subjects on the basis of ambulatory blood pressure. First, a typical profile was defined for each group and a distance was defined between two arbitrary profiles. Then a subject in the normal (resp. hypertensive) group was reallocated to the hypertensive (normal) group if his profile was closer to the typical profile of the hypertensive (normal) group than the typical profile of his own group. Applied to ambulatory DBP profiles, this method reallocated 49 subjects (over the total of 158), significantly reduced the initial overlap of BP profiles between the two groups, and defined reference profiles for "normal" and "borderline" ambulatory blood pressures. PMID- 3224440 TI - Blood pressure, plasma and pituitary prolactin levels and their responses to bromocriptine in the segregating F2 generation of the SHR/WKY hybrid. AB - Our previous study in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and its normotensive control, the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), had shown differences in plasma and pituitary prolactin (PRL) levels as well as in their responses to bromocriptine (BRC), a centrally acting dopaminergic agonist. The results provided evidence for a central dopaminergic deficiency in the SHR and suggested a possible genetic linkage between blood pressure (BP) and PRL and their responses to BRC in the SHR. To investigate this possibility further, we have repeated the experiment, using the same protocol, in the segregating F2 generation of the SHR/WKY hybrid which was classified according to BP into low, intermediate and high BP groups. The results from this study show that the differences between BP and PRL and their responses to BRC are similarly present in the three groups of the F2 generation. They provide further evidence that suggests a genetic linkage between BP and PRL in the SHR. PMID- 3224441 TI - Unique recognition of a low molecular weight Onchocerca volvulus antigen by IgG3 antibodies in chronic hyper-reactive oncho-dermatitis (Sowda). AB - Individual human Ig class responses to Onchocerca volvulus antigens have been evaluated by Western blotting using sera from cases of generalized onchocerciasis and chronic hyper-reactive onchocerciasis (Sowda). in all cases except IgG3 the patterns of recognition by human antibody classes were similar in Sowda and generalized onchocerciasis. Weak or undetectable responses were seen with IgG1, IgG2 and IgM. The total profiles of antigens recognized by the other Ig classes were different, although in some cases certain bands were commonly identified. The result with IgG3, however, was striking. Here, two major antigens (9 kD and 72kD) were recognized by IgG3 antibodies in Sowda sera but not generalized onchocerciasis sera. Furthermore, these two antigens were not recognised by any other Ig class, either in generalized or Sowda onchocerciasis, nor were they detected by antibodies of any class present in a collection of sera representative of other nematode infections. This difference in the IgG3 response was so pronounced that Sowda sera could be distinguished from generalized onchocerciasis sera by an IgG3-specific ELISA assay with a PBS parasite extract as the antigen. Thus, a correlation has been established between one particular clinical condition of onchocerciasis (Sowda) and a serological response, defined in terms of both the parasite antigens and an immunoglobulin class restricted antibody response. PMID- 3224442 TI - The sequential appearance of IgG subclasses and IgE during the course of Trichinella spiralis infection. AB - Earlier studies have shown that IgG1 and IgG4 are the dominant IgG subclasses in the specific response during a chronic helminthic infection. It has also been suggested that IgG4 production results from chronic or repetitive antigenic stimulation and a correlation between IgG4 and IgE levels exists. An outbreak of Trichinella spiralis infection in Poland provided the opportunity to follow the sequential appearance of the IgG subclass and IgE responses in 15 patients during the early stage of Trichinella infection and to compare these observations in sera obtained one year later from the same patients. The results show that the sequential appearance of the IgG subclasses were IgG1 before IgG3 and IgG3 before IgG4. IgG1 antibodies dominated the immune response in all patients. A statistically significant increase in the number of IgG4 positive sera was observed in patients during the chronic stage compared to the findings during the early stage of infection (13% vs 73%; p less than 0.001), supporting the view that IgG4 results from a chronic antigenic stimulation. A correlation between the appearance of IgG4 and IgE was not found. The highest levels of IgE were seen in the first serum samples obtained, with a decrease during the course of infection. PMID- 3224444 TI - Anti-cardiolipin antibodies in ischaemic heart disease. AB - IgG and IgM anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were assayed by an ELISA technique in 86 patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and compared to 124 healthy controls and to 62 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 20 with tuberculosis (TB). IgG ACA levels in IHD, RA and TB were comparable and significantly higher than in controls (P less than 0.0001). IgM ACA was significantly higher in IHD and RA than controls (P less than 0.0001) but not TB (P = 0.045). The number of IHD patients with raised ACA (IgG and/or IgM) was significantly greater than in RA or TB. (chi 2 = 30.77, P less than 0.0001). ACA were raised in 80.2% IHD patients on one or more occasions during a 1-11 day (mean 4.7) hospital admission. There was no difference in either ACA levels or in the frequency of ACA elevation in patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. We conclude that there is a strong association between IHD and ACA with potentially important therapeutic implications. PMID- 3224443 TI - Relationship between anti-cardiolipin and anti-endothelial cell antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) have been detected in 51 lupus sera by cell surface radioimmunoassay with a prevalence of 39.2% for IgG and 45.1% for IgM-AECA. No correlations were found between AECA and different clinical or laboratory parameters, including the presence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies and signs associated with the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies. However, absorption with cardiolipin liposomes partially inhibited endothelial cell binding, and affinity purified anti-cardiolipin antibodies were able to react with intact human endothelial cells. The binding did not occur via Fc receptors since blocking of Fc receptors with rabbit IgG did not affect the endothelial cell reactivity. Taken together our findings support the hypothesis that antibodies directed against negatively charged phospholipids can be part of the anti-endothelial cell antibodies in certain lupus sera. The possible role of these cross-reacting antibodies in the pathogenesis of vascular thrombosis in lupus patients is discussed. PMID- 3224445 TI - Immunological properties of the human Goodpasture target antigen. AB - The globular domain NC1 of human basement membrane collagen IV was isolated from glomerular basement membrane after collagenase digestion by chromatographic purification. The human NC1 appears as a hexamer of 160 kD by molecular sieve chromatography which migrates as a single molecule at gel electrophoresis without sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Reversible dissociation of the hexamer into monomers and dimers was achieved by 6 M guanidine-HC1, SDS, or at pH values less than 4.0. All the subunits of 26 kD, 28 kD, 44 kD, and 50 kD showed reactivity with anti-GBM antibodies on immunoblotting. Inhibition-ELISA demonstrated that the intact hexamer also binds to anti-GBM antibodies at higher NC1 concentrations. However, dose-response curves indicated an approximately 20-50 fold increase in reactivity after dissociation of the hexamer in 6 M guanidine HC1. Analysis of thermostability demonstrated that heating for 24 h at 37 degrees C or 56 degrees C did not alter the reactivity to anti-GBM antibodies, while reactivity was lost after heating for more than 120 min at 95 degrees C. In contrast to bovine NC1 unfolding of the antigen occurs immediately and does not require elevated temperature. Rotary shadowing of human NC1 at neutral pH revealed homogeneous globules. Distinct but incomplete dissociation into monomers and dimers could be observed at pH 2.5. These in vitro data of the human NC1 domain give further evidence that most of the Goodpasture epitopes are sequestered within the NC1 hexamer and support the hypothesis that production of anti-GBM autoantibodies may be initiated after dissociation of the hexamer has been induced, possibly by a toxic or infective episode. PMID- 3224446 TI - Phenotypic characteristics of three human non-Hodgkin lymphoma lines: flow cytometric analysis after long-term maintenance. AB - Three human non-Hodgkin lymphomas of B-cell origin have been maintained as xenografts in artificially immunosuppressed mice. The long-term maintenance (3-5 years) resulted in no significant change in the morphology, DNA-index or cell surface markers of the tumors. Immunophenotyping revealed many similarities in the morphologically distinct lines. Light chain (lambda) restriction appeared in two lines (HT 58 and 130), but in the third line (HT 117) the co-expression of both light chains indicated the origin from light chain 'uncommitted' B cells. HT 117 was also different, expressing high transferrin-receptor activity, although it proliferates with practically the same rate as the other two lines. This study confirms the value of the xenograft system to approaching many tumor-specific problems. PMID- 3224447 TI - Comparison of auscultation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in patients with suspected mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 3224448 TI - Prompt detection of myocardial injury by assay of creatine kinase isoforms in initial plasma samples. AB - To determine the sensitivity and specificity of assays of isoforms of the MM isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK) and MB-CK for the diagnosis or exclusion of acute myocardial infarction in plasma samples obtained at the time of presentation to the emergency room of patients with suspected myocardial infarction, 50 patients in whom the diagnosis was ultimately established and 31 in whom infarction was ultimately excluded were evaluated. Of the 50 patients in whom infarction was ultimately established, 47 had an increased ratio of the MM3 to the MM1 isoform or elevated MB-CK in the plasma sample initially available. The specificity of the approach was 77%, sensitivity 94%. The availability of rapid assays for MM-CK isoforms and for MB-CK should facilitate determination of the presence or absence of acute myocardial injury sufficiently promptly so that decisions regarding treatment can be made optimally. PMID- 3224449 TI - Morbidity during five years after myocardial infarction and its relation to infarct size. AB - In 809 patients with a recent myocardial infarction, morbidity during 5-year follow-up was assessed. The overall 5-year mortality rate was 33% (39% in patients with larger infarcts and 26% in patients with smaller infarcts) as judged from maximum serum enzyme activity (p less than .001). In terms of morbidity, no significant association with estimated infarct size was observed. Patients with smaller infarcts tended to have a higher reinfarction rate and were rehospitalized more often, whereas a similar proportion of patients with large and small infarcts developed stroke. Among survivors, chest pain tended to be more common in patients having smaller infarcts, whereas symptoms of dyspnea and claudicatio intermittens were similar in both groups, as were smoking habits, work capability, and varying forms of medication. We thus conclude that during a 5-year follow-up after acute myocardial infarction, mortality, but not morbidity, was related to the original infarct size. PMID- 3224450 TI - Occurrence of hypokalemia in suspected acute myocardial infarction and its relation to clinical history and clinical course. AB - In 1350 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction, serum potassium levels during the first 3 days in hospital was correlated to clinical history and clinical course. A higher incidence of hypokalemia was observed in women, in patients with hypertension, and in those on chronic diuretic treatment. Patients with anterior infarction had a higher incidence of hypokalemia than those with inferior infarction, as did patients with large as compared with small infarcts. No clear difference was observed between patients whose infarction was confirmed and those in whom the diagnosis was not confirmed. Independent predictors for hypokalemia were treatment with diuretics before admission to hospital, infarct size, and female sex. Hypokalemia during the first 3 days of hospitalization was associated with the occurrence of severe ventricular arrhythmias during hospitalization, but not with survival during a 5-year follow-up. PMID- 3224451 TI - The echo Doppler spectrum of valvular abnormalities in the hospitalized octogenarian. AB - Cardiac valves thicken and become more opaque with advancing age. As more individuals live longer and as more treatment modalities such as valvuloplasty evolve, the presence and significance of these valvular abnormalities become important. We retrospectively studied 628 octogenarian patients to try and define further the presence and significance of these abnormalities detected by Doppler echocardiography. A group of 547 patients were suitable for analysis. Age ranged from 80 to 96 years (mean 84.4). The female:male ratio was 1.9:1. Mitral, aortic, and tricuspid regurgitation (MR, AR, and TR) were significant if the jet moved greater than 2 cm from the plane of the valve away or toward the transducer, depending on transducer position. Mitral regurgitation was detected in 331 patients (60.5%) and was significant in 82 patients (15%). Aortic regurgitation was detected in 276 patients (50.5%) and was significant in 70 patients (12.8%). Tricuspid regurgitation was detected in 131 patients (23.9%) and was significant in 30 patients (5.5%). Regurgitant lesions were detected in two valves in 150 patients (27.4%) three valves in 57 patients (10.4%), in all four valves in 17 patients (3.1%). Aortic stenosis was detected in 160 patients (29.3%). The gradient range was 16-156 mmHg (mean 47.8). Significant aortic stenosis was present in 70 patients (12.8%) (gradient greater than 50 mmHg), of whom 54 had isolated pure aortic stenosis and 16 had mixed lesion. In 40% of these patients, significant aortic stenosis was an unexpected finding at two-dimensional echocardiography. Valvular pathology is common in the octogenarian population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224452 TI - Multipurpose A2 catheter approach to left heart catheterization in severe aortic stenosis. AB - An approach has been presented for the performance of right and left heart catheterization, left ventriculography, supravalvular aortography, and coronary arteriography utilizing a #8 French, A2 multipurpose catheter. Using the manipulations described herein, the left ventricle was entered in 96% of the patients. The multipurpose catheter is an excellent catheter for left ventriculography, negating the need for catheter exchange once the left ventricle has been entered. Likewise, this catheter provides excellent supravalvular aortography and selective coronary arteriography supplemented as needed with preformed coronary arteriographic catheters. This method provides a very safe, efficient approach to the performance of complete heart catheterization in patients with clinically significant aortic stenosis. PMID- 3224453 TI - Mechanism of prolongation of pre-ejection period in the hypertrophied left ventricle with normal systolic function in unanesthetized hypertensive dogs. AB - To determine the mechanism for prolongation of pre-ejection period (PEP) in the hypertensive heart with normal systolic function, cardiac catheterizations, echocardiograms, and electrocardiograms were performed at the baseline period (CS, control stage) and eight weeks (HS, hypertensive stage) after the induction of systemic hypertension by Page's method in unanesthetized dogs. Mean aortic blood pressure increased significantly (96 +/- 12 to 137 +/- 26 mmHg) (p less than 0.05). Diastolic aortic pressure also increased significantly (80 +/- 12 to 118 +/- 24 mmHg) (p less than 0.01). Left ventricular (LV) PEP of HS was significantly prolonged (72 +/- 12 vs. 87 +/- 22 ms, CS vs. HS). The ratio of LV pre-ejection period to ejection time (PEP/ET) also increased significantly (0.33 +/- 0.04 to 0.42 +/- 0.07) (p less than 0.05). LV end-diastolic wall stress as an index of preload decreased significantly (7.7 +/- 2.5 vs. 5.9 +/- 1.8 10(3) dynes/cm2, CS vs. HS). Heart rate, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) and end-systolic wall stress of HS did not change. That is, myocardial contractility in the hypertensive heart of HS most likely is not depressed. At autopsy, left ventricle to body weight ratio of HS was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than the sham-operated dogs (5.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.5 g/kg). From these findings, there are two possible factors responsible for prolongation of PEP of HS. First, elevated diastolic aortic pressure may influence PEP. Second, the prolonged PEP is possibly caused by the decrease of preload.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224454 TI - Differences in composition of sweat induced by thermal exposure and by running exercise. AB - To determine the differences in sweat composition between sweat induced by thermal stress alone and that induced by physical exercise, seven young healthy men first sat in a hot room and then performed running exercise. A 20-minute stay in a climate chamber at 40 degrees C resulted in a 5% reduction in body weight. The same body weight loss was induced by running exercise. Both sodium and chloride concentrations were much lower in the sweat induced by thermal exposure than that induced by the running exercise (p less than 0.01), while urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were significantly higher after thermal exposure than after the running exercise (p less than 0.01). Potassium concentrations did not differ significantly with either procedure. These findings suggest that sweat composition varies with the kind of induction and that more salt seems to be lost through exercise-induced sweating than by just sitting in a hot environment. PMID- 3224455 TI - Biphasic response of coronary arterial diameter to intracoronary ergonovine. AB - This report presents a case of paradoxical coronary arterial dilation induced by intracoronary ergonovine. When compared with the control angiogram, the right coronary artery obviously dilated with selective, intracoronary administration of cumulative doses of 5 micrograms and 15 micrograms ergonovine without concomitant hemodynamic changes. Additional intracoronary infusion of 35 micrograms ergonovine into the right coronary artery inversely increased vascular tone of the vessel associated with a focal hyperconstriction. Such a biphasic response of arterial diameter to intracoronary ergonovine was also observed in the left coronary artery, but the degree of dilation was much smaller. PMID- 3224456 TI - Aortic regurgitation secondary to diastolic prolapse of a tubular intimal flap into the left ventricle in a patient with anuloaortic ectasia. AB - A 32-year-old man with distal skeletal manifestations of Marfan's syndrome had experienced shortness of breath and orthopnea for one month. Physical examination showed the presence of severe aortic regurgitation. Both noninvasive and invasive studies revealed that the aortic regurgitation was induced by previously undescribed peculiar and unusual etiology: diastolic prolapse of a circumferentially dissected tubular intimal flap into the left ventricle. The patient underwent surgical repair with striking clinical improvement. PMID- 3224458 TI - Preterm labor. PMID- 3224457 TI - The epidemiology of preterm birth. AB - The immediate causes of preterm birth (preterm labor, PPROM, maternal complications, and fetal distress) are well-established. Similarly, the epidemiologic and medical risk factors discussed are well-known. Most risk factors, unfortunately, are not easy to modify. Furthermore, the connection between epidemiologic risks and preterm birth is often unclear. As this brief discussion of potential mediators linking risk status to preterm birth indicates, much more research is needed to define and assess potential mechanisms. It is unclear how important the five mediating factors chosen for presentation will prove to be or if other more significant mechanisms exist. However, as Eastman noted 40 years ago, "only when the factors causing prematurity are clearly understood, can any intelligent attempt at prevention be made." PMID- 3224459 TI - Cervical incompetence and preterm labor. AB - The ability of the cervix to function as a competent sphincter to retain the fetoplacental unit in utero until term is dependent on a complex set of biochemical, biophysical, and environmental events. The understanding of these interactions is limited at present and requires that cervical incompetence be a diagnosis of exclusion. Currently, differentiation of cervical incompetence from preterm labor is a major problem. Advances in ultrasonography, ambulatory uterine activity monitoring, cervical histomorphology, and biochemistry should improve the understanding of both normal and abnormal cervical and uterine function and may provide new techniques to distinguish between true cervical incompetence and preterm labor. Well-designed and strictly executed randomized clinical trials of cervical cerclage should answer the question of therapeutic efficacy for this popular technique when the diagnosis of cervical incompetence is made. PMID- 3224460 TI - Ambulatory monitoring of uterine contractions. PMID- 3224461 TI - Intravenous fluids and blood component therapy. PMID- 3224462 TI - Clinical management of preterm delivery. AB - The proper management of a patient in whom preterm delivery seems imminent includes the following. 1. Transfer of the patient to a tertiary perinatal hospital, if necessary and if safe 2. Prompt and skillful ultrasound examination for accurate estimation of fetal weight and gestational age 3. Consultation with the neonatologist regarding pharmacologic adjuvants to improve neonatal outcome 4. Meticulous intrapartum monitoring and physiologic support of the mother and her fetus during labor 5. Adequate pain relief and psychological support, with no specific form of analgesia or anesthesia being contraindicated simply because of preterm labor 6. The liberal but not universal use of cesarean delivery to avoid trapping of the fetal head in breech presentation (EFW less than 1,500 g) and to promptly deliver any fetus threatened by asphyxia 7. Skillful resuscitation of the newborn, especially those at the border of neonatal viability. PMID- 3224463 TI - Gynecologic surgery. PMID- 3224464 TI - Gynecologic surgery: preoperative evaluation. PMID- 3224465 TI - Mechanical properties of nonabsorbable and absorbable ligating clips. PMID- 3224466 TI - Skin preparation. AB - Preoperative skin preparation, whether it is the patient's or the surgeon's, should be a brief event. Successful wound healing is determined more by what is done in the wound than what is done on the wound. More than $1 billion annually is wasted on prolonged skin preparation that is not useful to the patient. PMID- 3224467 TI - Drainage in gynecologic surgery. AB - Our predecessors' almost universal use of drains is gradually being replaced by a more scientific approach--selective use of more appropriate types of drains. Each application of drains must be evaluated in the context of other improvements in wound care and construction. Randomized, well-controlled studies are essential. Radical surgery is the strongest indication for the use of drains. There are few strong indications in benign gynecologic surgery. PMID- 3224468 TI - Postoperative care of the gynecology patient. AB - This chapter has dealt with some of the general issues that impact upon postoperative care. Within the context of this volume, a detailed analysis of each subject is not feasible. Some subjects were deliberately deferred to other contributors. My intent was to review some basic physiology and patho-physiology to emphasize the complex physical and metabolic alterations produced by abdominal pelvic surgery and to emphasize my personal belief that an uncomplicated postoperative recuperation begins with appropriate presurgical care. PMID- 3224469 TI - Degenerative cerebral alterations in Chinese aged 65 years or older. AB - The brains of 57 consecutive Chinese patients, aged 65 years or above, dying in a regional general hospital, the causes of death of whom were not primarily intracranial, were examined for parameters of degenerative brain disease- reduction in brain weight, ventricular enlargement, neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, granulovacuolar degenerations, and ischemic lesions. Semi quantitative analysis of these morphological changes suggests that, though generally similar to those observed among Caucasians, they occurred much less frequently, and, as regards senile plaques, in smaller numbers. These observations suggest a lower prevalence of "senile" cerebral alterations in Chinese than in Caucasians. PMID- 3224470 TI - Neuropathic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and intrauterine ischemia of anterior horn cells: a hypothesis. AB - Three patients with multiple articular deformities due to arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) are presented. All had severe thalamic and tegmental degenerations with glial scars and shrunken ferruginated neurons; one had also unilateral porencephaly and polymicrogyri. The character and the pattern of the lesions were highly suggestive of in-utero hypotensive/ischemic insult. Marked attenuations of anterior spinal roots were mostly seen in the lumbosacral and cervical enlargements, where anterior horn cell loss and ferrugination were most severe. The changes in the anterior horns were situated peripherally, a distribution corresponding to the terminal ramifications of the sulcal (central) branches of the anterior spinal artery, an area known for its susceptibility to ischemia, especially in children. The changes in the brains and spinal cords could reasonably be explained on the basis of intra-uterine perfusion failure in early stages of fetal development. This assumption was supported by the fact that all three patients were subjected to unfavorable environmental factors during gestation. The first was the twin of a macerated infant; their entangled umbilical cords might have caused differential placental perfusion resulting in partial ischemia in the twin with AMC and severe ischemia in the other accounting for its early demise. The second patient had a single functional umbilical artery, a condition frequently associated with developmental anomalies. The third was born to a mother whose pregnancy was complicated by heavy substance abuse. Ischemic myelopathy during a critical phase of CNS developmental and muscle innervation is proposed as a cause of some cases of neuropathic AMC. Placental circulatory failure should be considered in the pathogenesis of AMC in such cases. PMID- 3224471 TI - Symmetrical columnar necrosis of the basal ganglia and brain stem in an adult following cardiac arrest. AB - Prolonged cardiac arrest resulting from a methadone overdose in an adult produced an unusual pattern of symmetrical columnar necrosis of the diencephalon and the brain stem tegmentum. This pattern of anoxic encephalopathy has previously been described in neonates, infants and in one adult case. Our description of a further case underlines the fact that under exceptional circumstances it may also occur in adults. PMID- 3224472 TI - Lewy body disease with and without dementia: a clinicopathological study of 35 cases. AB - The pathological basis for dementia in Lewy body disease (LBD) remains controversial. While some investigators propose that cortical lesions are responsible, others favor a subcortical basis for this dementia. Brains from 35 patients with LBD (11 demented with diffuse LBD; 12 demented and 12 non-demented with a brainstem type of LBD) were clinicopathologically examined to elucidate the pathological differences between demented and non-demented patients with LBD. In cases of diffuse LBD, the cortical lesions were found to be responsible for the dementia. In some of the cases (25%) with the brainstem type of LBD, the dementia was attributed to an Alzheimer pathology, while in many cases (75%), degeneration in the subcortical nuclei, mainly the nucleus basalis of Meynert, played a major role in the dementia. PMID- 3224473 TI - Multiple unusual leptomeningeal glioneural heterotopias in a case of adult micrencephaly. AB - An adult patient with micrencephaly combined with unusual multiple glioneural leptomeningeal heterotopias is presented. In spite of the large number of leptomeningeal heterotopias supra- and infratentorially, the cortices of the cerebrum and the cerebellum were well-organized and the white matter was well myelinated. The heterotopias contained glial tissue and mature neurons, those in the cerebellum resembling Purkinje cells and granular cells, along with axons and mineralizations. The pathogenesis of the leptomeningeal heterotopias and micrencephaly is discussed. PMID- 3224475 TI - Dimyelia, disastematomyelia, and diplomyelia. PMID- 3224474 TI - Isolated hypophyseal tuberculoma: case report. AB - A 45-year-old woman, lifelong resident in Turin presented an isolated tuberculous granuloma of the hypophysis with no other systemic localizations. Diagnosis could be established only by biopsy. With antituberculous therapy the intracellular tumor regressed but not the endocrine disorders. PMID- 3224476 TI - Cardiovascular disease in the neonate. PMID- 3224477 TI - Silicone technology for the plastic surgeon. AB - There is a considerable misconception regarding the properties of silicone gels and envelopes among plastic surgeons. This is partly due to the counterintuitive characteristics of this unique material. The material is relatively weak as rubbers go, its deformation characteristics are time-related, and its permeability varies with the substance involved. Closed capsular rupture should be performed with caution; current prostheses are not designed as a drug delivery system and should never be used as such. PMID- 3224478 TI - Plastic and reconstructive breast surgery. PMID- 3224479 TI - Informed consent: considerations in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the breast. AB - A definite standard of care exists for establishing informed consent. The plastic surgeon has an obligation to meet these requirements with each patient undergoing surgery. The difficulties of adequately informing have been described and suggestions made for supplementing the consultation with a variety of adjuncts. The goal is to inform and use whatever methods are effective in achieving this goal. Establishing valid informed consent will not prevent all medical liability claims. Despite the most conscientious efforts to inform, some claims will still occur alleging "lack of informed consent." The surgeon must then prove that sufficient information was provided. However, many patients who feel that the surgeon made every effort to inform and felt that the surgeon was honest, conscientious, concerned, and thorough will be less inclined to generate claims even in the face of unsatisfactory results or untoward complications. Informed consent is the patient's right and the surgeon's obligation. The medicolegal benefits from fully informing are tangible and one of the most effective methods to reduce claims and modify risk. PMID- 3224480 TI - Augmentation mammaplasty: retropectoral versus retromammary implantation. AB - Although the weight of evidence generally indicates that improved contracture rates with retropectoral placement of the prosthesis and excellent aesthetic results can be obtained with this approach, there remains a significant cadre of surgeons who believe their own retromammary results are equal to or better than the alternative. Our experience with retromammary augmentation since 1963 indicates that fibrous capsular contracture around the implant is a persistent sequela. By placing the prosthesis behind the pectoral muscle, we believe we have achieved a significant decrease in this occurrence. Whereas there are a variety of hypothetical explanations for this observation, it may be that interposition of additional soft tissue between the implant and the observer may disguise the otherwise apparent problem, thus making its correction more apparent than real. Whatever the explanation, however, we have had fewer patients requiring fibrous capsule release and a higher incidence of patient satisfaction by placing the prosthesis behind the pectoral muscle. PMID- 3224481 TI - Transaxillary subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty: a 9-year experience. AB - The TASP approach to mammary augmentation offers distinct, clinically confirmed advantages of locating the scar off the breast, minimizing loss of nipple sensation, and reducing risks of hematoma and infection. The technique is limited as an approach for secondary surgery of the breast and contraindicated in the ptotic breast. Facility, consistency, and reliability with the technique depend on thorough understanding of the anatomy, patience while learning the technique, and vigilant attention to detail. PMID- 3224482 TI - A 5-year experience with polyurethane-covered mammary prostheses for treatment of capsular contracture, primary augmentation mammoplasty, and breast reconstruction. AB - This paper reviews a 5-year experience using polyurethane-covered mammary prostheses in the treatment of capsular contracture following placement of smooth walled devices, primary augmentation mammoplasty, and breast reconstruction after mastectomy. The rate of occurrence of clinically significant capsular contracture has been reduced in all patient groups. Results in terms of aesthetic and functional improvement have been excellent. Major complications have been rare. PMID- 3224483 TI - Expansion augmentation. AB - A new expandable breast implant for use in hypomastia is presented. The ability to manipulate the size of the implant postoperatively greatly enhanced the final results. PMID- 3224484 TI - The minus-plus mastopexy. AB - The minus-plus mastopexy technique is designed for correction of moderate or major breast ptosis where breast volume is adequate but located in the lower quadrants and increased fullness in the upper quadrants is desired. The advantages of this procedure are absence of a medial scar, excellent projection, ensured nipple viability, speed, and flexibility. PMID- 3224485 TI - Management of mammary subpectoral implant distortion. AB - Pectoral muscle flexion may impart an unpleasant distortionary appearance on the underlying mammary prosthesis. Surgical manipulation of the pectoral nerves and a change in the location of the mammary prosthesis are potential solutions to these problems. PMID- 3224486 TI - Central breast pedicle and "free-hand" technique for alteration of volume and skin envelope of the breast. AB - We have found the central pedicle, free-hand technique applicable across the spectrum of surgical endeavors that seek to alter breast volume and revise the skin envelope for aesthetic and functional improvement. The rate of occurrence of significant complications has been low. The primary advantages of this approach are that (1) excellent pedicle vascularity has virtually eliminated the need for free nipple-areolar grafting in major reductions and correction of severe ptosis, and (2) in addition to its application in a wide variety of standard breast pathology, the technique allows individualization of volume change and skin brassiere alteration, which has significantly improved aesthetic results in more difficult cases such as the severe asymmetries presented. PMID- 3224487 TI - Mammaplasty with a short horizontal scar. Evaluation and results after 9 years. AB - To obtain a shorter horizontal branch of the inverted T used in mammaplasties, the senior author has developed a technique based on a vertical skin resection stopping above the inframammary line. An evaluation of the results after 9 years of experience has been carried out in 176 patients. Results were satisfactory overall because the shape obtained was pleasing and stable in most cases; the horizontal scar remained hidden beneath the breast in the standing position. Modifications and refinements of the technique since its first publication in 1980 are discussed. PMID- 3224488 TI - Reduction mammoplasty utilizing nipple-areola transplantation. AB - Reduction mammoplasty using nipple-areola transplantation has proved to be a satisfactory procedure. It will probably be performed in an ever-increasing number of patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty as more surgeons realize that aesthetically pleasing results can be achieved. PMID- 3224489 TI - Surgical alternatives in subcutaneous mastectomy reconstruction. AB - The approach to subcutaneous mastectomy is presented, with emphasis on individualization of surgical technique. The operation is based on breast size as well as nipple-areolar complex location. Reconstructive alternatives include a mammary prosthesis, tissue expander, and autologous tissue. PMID- 3224490 TI - Total mastectomy: indications and techniques. AB - Total mastectomy is an effective operation for patients who are candidates for a prophylactic mastectomy. This operation removes a larger percentage of breast tissue than subcutaneous mastectomy. The cosmetic results of total mastectomy with immediate reconstruction compare favorably with those of subcutaneous mastectomy. PMID- 3224491 TI - Analysis of long-term results of 326 breast reconstructions. AB - It has been the experience of many surgeons that results following breast reconstruction change with time. To evaluate long-term results, the 350 breast reconstructions performed in the authors' department from January 1977 to April 1986 were reviewed. The results of the 326 cases in which there were sufficient data are presented here, and some late results are shown. PMID- 3224492 TI - Early and late capsular "deformation" as a cause of unsatisfactory results in the latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction. AB - The latissimus myocutaneous flap breast reconstruction continues to be a popular method, and the mechanics of flap elevation and inset have become routine. Still, it is difficult to obtain a lasting aesthetic result. It may be that we are asking the latissimus reconstruction to do things that are beyond its capabilities. This should challenge us to correct these deficiencies, rather than to discard the procedure in disappointment. The fundamental issue is the implant deformation, both early and late, which is related to the forces of capsular contraction. Early implant firmness and elevation and the late loss of both ptosis and projection are problems that are caused by the capsule itself. These late contour deformities have not previously been reported, but they are disturbing because of the untoward effect on symmetry. If these late findings are confirmed, the standard latissimus reconstruction must be viewed as an operation that can be expected to deteriorate after 5 or more years. The immediate placement of a tissue expander, instead of a permanent implant, is suggested as a means of mechanically manipulating these capsular contraction forces in the latissimus reconstruction. Although this is a logical suggestion, it will require a long-term study to confirm its efficacy. PMID- 3224493 TI - Pre-conception counselling in Asian women with non insulin dependent diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. AB - Asian patients comprise greater than 8% of our diabetic clinic. Retrospective analysis of the case notes of 22 Asian patients and 20 white patients with NIDDM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) attending our combined diabetic/antenatal clinic during 1985-1987 confirmed the reported advantages of pre-conception counselling. Those Asian patients with NIDDM or IGT had higher corrected birthweight than a parity matched Asian control group (3,472.3 +/- 595 g v 2,798.6 +/- 672.3 g p less than 0.001). Those Asian patients who had preconception counselling had, however, significantly smaller babies (3,270.8 +/- 445.1 g v 3,714.4 +/- 727.1 g p less than 0.05). An increase in foetal and maternal complications has been documented in cases of gestational diabetes, but the glucose levels that predict an increased risk have not been clearly defined. In the Asian patients with NIDDM/IGT there was one neonatal death and two congenital abnormalities, although these mothers did not have significantly higher glycosylated haemoglobin levels. HbA1 was not a good diagnostic test for glucose tolerance. Subjects with any degree of glucose intolerance should be managed as carefully as established diabetics and preconception counselling for high risk groups may be beneficial. PMID- 3224494 TI - Albuminuria estimated from proteinuria in diabetics. Is it a real alternative in clinical practice? AB - While proteinuria detectable by dip-sticks is the hallmark of overt diabetic nephropathy, urinary albumin excretion (UAE) above normal but Albustix-negative (so-called microalbuminuria) is the main characteristic of the preproteinuric phase of the diabetic renal disease. Reliable measurement of UAE requires very sensitive and accurate methods, such as radioimmunoassay (RIA), which, however, are not suitable for routine UAE analysis. The Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye binding method has been suggested to be a simple and economical way of indirectly measuring albuminuria in diabetic patients. In the present paper, we compared the chemico-clinical characteristics of a RIA method with those of the Coomassie dye binding method, in order to verify if it is really possible to calculate albuminuria from proteinuria (and vice versa) by a simple linear regression equation, as previously suggested. The RIA has shown a better sensitivity and accuracy in comparison to the dye binding method. Our study suggests that there is not a linear relationship between proteinuria and albuminuria in diabetic patients. Indeed, the ratio between the total proteinuria, as measured with the dye method, and the albuminuria, as measured by a specific and sensitive RIA, varies greatly in diabetic patients with or without glomerular nephropathy. While the dye binding method appears the best procedure for the assay of total microproteinuria, since it is precise, cheap and feasible, the RIA, due to its high sensitivity and specificity, is more suitable for early and accurate detection of microalbuminuria, as well for the close follow-up of subjects at risk of developing overt diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 3224495 TI - New X-ray inspection regulations. PMID- 3224496 TI - New law preserves physician's rights to distribute drug samples. PMID- 3224497 TI - Legionella pneumophila: initial detection through evaluation of Giemsa-stained smears of a bronchial aspirate. AB - The presence of Legionella species in a bronchial aspirate was strongly suspected by the visualization on Giemsa-stained smears of slender violaceous intra- and extracellular bacilli despite the absence of fluorescence on smears stained with L. pneumophila serogroup 1 conjugate. Subsequently, cultures of the aspirate grew L. pneumophila reactive with serogroup 6 fluorescein-conjugated antibody. PMID- 3224498 TI - Synergistic activity of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime against the Bacteroides fragilis group. AB - Sensitivities to cefotaxime (CTX) and its metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime (DCTX), alone and in combination, were determined for 77 organisms of the B. fragilis group. Synergy was observed in 23 (30%) of the strains, of which 21 were those that had a MIC to CTX alone of less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. In the remaining two strains, which were resistant to CTX alone, one strain was susceptible to the combination, while the second strain was not. In one strain of B. fragilis, the drug combination increased the MIC of CTX, but both the MIC and MBC remained in the susceptible range. PMID- 3224499 TI - Bone induction in intramuscular implants by demineralized bone matrix: sequential changes of collagen synthesis. AB - Implantation of rat demineralized bone matrix into intramuscular pouches has been shown to cause a complex cellular transition of mesenchymal-type cells into well developed mature bone. Demineralized bone matrix was surgically implanted into rat muscle pouches and removed at various intervals between 7 and 28 days. Histological sections of the implants revealed bone formation by endochondral ossification and appositional bone growth. Biochemical analysis of collagen synthesis demonstrated the following: (1) synthesis of type X collagen, a collagen produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate and in fracture callus. (2) Synthesis of a collagenase-sensitive 17k protein which seems to increase in the early stages of bone induction. Pulse chase analysis indicates that 17k is not a degradation product of another protein and appears to be synthesized without a large Mr precursor. The 17k component contains one or more collagenous domains that are partially resistant to proteolysis with pepsin. Our results confirm the appearance of a cartilage intermediate during demineralized bone matrix induced ossification and implicate the existence of proteins which may be useful markers in future studies on matrix mineralization and ossification. PMID- 3224500 TI - Dose-dependence of and threshold for optimal bone induction by collagenous bone matrix and osteogenin-enriched fraction. AB - Subcutaneous implantation of demineralized collagenous bone matrix results in local induction of new bone formation. The dose dependence of bone induction was investigated using different amounts of rat demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and also osteogenin-enriched fraction with and without inactive collagenous bone matrix (ICBM). There is a threshold for bone induction; at least 10 mg of DBM is required. There is a dose dependent increase in bone induction between 10 to 25 mg. Exogenous type I collagen was found to be stimulatory to bone induction when suboptimal doses of DBM are employed. The activity of osteogenin-enriched dissociative extract was enhanced by addition of ICBM. These results imply that optimal bone induction requires the combined action of soluble osteogenin enriched fraction and insoluble collagenous substratum. PMID- 3224501 TI - Quantitative assessment of collagen crosslinks in dissected predentin and dentin. AB - Dentinogenesis offers a unique system for the study of changes in collagen structure occurring simultaneously with mineralization. Bovine dentin was found to contain about one reducible crosslink per collagen molecule; rat dentin contained twice this amount. In contrast, bovine dentin contained twice as much pyridinium crosslink as did rat dentin collagen. These results indicate that the collagen in rat teeth is less mature and again emphasize the difference in composition between the organic matrices of rat and bovine dentin. In dissected bovine predentin, the unmineralized precursor of dentin, the content of reducible crosslinks was almost double that of dentin. Only minute amounts of non-reducible crosslinks were found in predentin, whereas both pyridinoline and deoxy pyridinoline were present in collagen from mineralized dentin. The observed differences in crosslinking between predentin and dentin of the same teeth may indicate some alterations within the area of mineralization. PMID- 3224502 TI - Morphometric study of cauliflower collagen fibrils in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type I. AB - The abnormal cauliflower collagen fibrils present in skin of patients with Ehlers Danlos type I were studied by electron microscopy and computerized image analysis. The size control of the few fibrils displaying a cauliflower shape is apparently lost, eventuating in an increased amount of collagen polymers constitutive of these fibrils. This situation is fundamentally different from that occurring in dermatosparaxis, an animal disease considered as a model for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PMID- 3224503 TI - Comparison of haemolymph proteins from Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda) susceptible and resistant Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda). AB - 1. Whole and haemoglobin (Hb)-depleted serum fractions from Schistosoma mansoni resistant (10-R2) and schistosome-susceptible (PR albino, M-line) strains of Biomphalaria glabrata were studied using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and protein assays. 2. Whole serum of the PR albino strain had more total protein (11.4 +/- 1.9 mg protein/ml) than the 10-R2 strain (7.8 +/- 3.0 mg protein/ml). 3. There are specific differences in the polypeptide profiles of the Hb-depleted fractions between the 10-R2 and PR albino strains of B. glabrata. 4. Antibodies against whole 10-R2 or PR albino serum reacted similarly when incubated with whole or Hb-depleted snail sera although differences in staining intensities were observed. 5. Antibodies against snail Hb reacted with many proteins in whole sera and Hb-depleted fractions from both B. glabrata strains indicating that they may be Hb-associated polypeptides. 6. Polypeptides in whole or Hb-depleted snail serum are modified by reduction indicating the presence of disulphide bonds. PMID- 3224504 TI - Characteristics of a proteinase from ovarian fluid of the lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus L.). AB - 1. A proteinase has been isolated from the ovarian fluid of the lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus). 2. The enzyme was purified essentially to homogeneity by a one step purification procedure using anion-exchange chromatography. 3. The mol. wt of the denatured enzyme is approximately 20,000 as judged by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 4. The enzyme is inhibited by serine proteinase inhibitors and acts in the manner of a trypsin-type proteinase both with respect to specific peptide substrates and enzyme inhibitors. 5. The lumpsucker proteinase exhibits low general proteolytic activity but acts effectively on the specific chromogenic peptide substrates. PMID- 3224505 TI - Lactate dehydrogenases in Antarctic and temperate fish species. AB - 1. The kinetics of lactate dehydrogenase (both forward and back reaction) in cardiac and skeletal muscle of an Antarctic teleost have been compared with a temperate teleost of comparable morphology and ecology. 2. In both species the forward reaction (pyruvate to lactate) is maximally activated at 2.5-4 mM pyruvate and inhibited above this level. 3. The Michaelis constant (Km) for pyruvate is not significantly different between muscle types or between species when measured at their normal environmental temperature. 4. Km for pyruvate varies with temperature in a positive direction. 5. The back reaction (lactate to pyruvate) is maximally activated by 12-16 mM lactate but only in skeletal muscle of the antarctic species is there inhibition above this level. 6. The Km for lactate is significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the Antarctic fish cardiac muscle. 7. While the two species are morphologically and ecologically similar, differences at the biochemical level are discussed with respect to environmental temperature range and conservation of enzymic characteristics. PMID- 3224506 TI - Purification and characterization of two trypsin-like enzymes from the digestive tract of anchovy Engraulis encrasicholus. AB - 1. Two trypsin-like enzymes, designated Trypsin A and B, were purified from the pyloric caeca and intestine of anchovy by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, affinity chromatography (Benzamidine-Sepharose-6B) and ion exchange chromatography (DEAE Sepharose). 2. Both trypsins catalyzed the hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-DL-arginine p nitroanilide (BAPNA), p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME), casein and myofibrillar protein and they were inhibited by several well established trypsin inhibitors. 3. The enzymes had mol. wts of 27,000 (Trypsin A) and 28,000 (Trypsin B). Their isoelectric points were about 4.9 (Trypsin A) and 4.6 (Trypsin B) and they had similar amino acid composition. 4. The enzymes had a pH optimum of 8-9 for the hydrolysis of BAPNA and of 9.5 for the digestion of casein and myofibrillar protein. Their activity and stability were affected by calcium ions. 5. Trypsins A and B resemble other fish trypsins in their mol. wt, pI, kinetic properties and the instability at low pH and they are similar to bovine trypsin in their dependence of Ca2+ for activity and stability. PMID- 3224507 TI - Hyperinsulinemia induced by canine distemper virus infection of mice and its correlation with the appearance of obesity. AB - 1. Weanling Swiss mice surviving an acute infection with canine distemper virus were persistently infected. Among these mice, up to 30% had hyperinsulinemia and this was followed by an obesity syndrome. 2. Analysis of the lipid composition of various organs revealed that compared to control animals, the obese had an accumulation of triglycerides in both liver and adipose tissue. 3. Studies on the lipid metabolism using a number of radioactive lipid precursors showed a specific accumulation of the triglycerides of the obese animals. 4. A decrease of lipogenesis was observed in white adipose tissue of obese mice. Glycogenesis and serum glucose levels were unaffected during obesity. 5. The model of canine distemper virus-induced obesity is compared with other experimental models. PMID- 3224508 TI - Gluconeogenesis in perfused chicken kidney. Effects of feeding and starvation. AB - 1. Starvation for 48 hr doubled the rate of gluconeogenesis from lactate and pyruvate in perfused chicken kidney, but did not change the rate of production of glucose from malate, succinate, or alpha-ketoglutarate. 2. Amino-oxyacetate and D malate inhibited the production of glucose from lactate and from pyruvate by 55% in each case. Quinolinate reduced the production of glucose from lactate and from pyruvate by 50% in both fed and starved chickens, but had no effect on the production of glucose from intermediates in the citric acid cycle. 3. Starvation increased the rate of formation of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate from pyruvate, but had no effect on the rate of formation of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate from malate. PMID- 3224509 TI - The sequence around the phosphorylation site of the porcine heart type phosphorylase isoenzyme. AB - 1. A tetradecapeptide containing the phosphorylation site was obtained from 32P labelled pig heart phosphorylase a isoenzyme by alpha-chymotryptic digestion. 2. The peptide was purified by Mono S cation-exchange chromatography and reversed phase HPLC. 3. The phosphorylated residue was identified as Ser and the sequence was determined: T D G E R R K Q I S V R G L. 4. The sequence was compared to the known sequences of muscle and liver type isophosphorylases and the structural consequences of the amino acid residue exchanges were predicted. PMID- 3224510 TI - The plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane potentials of Plasmodium yoelii. AB - 1. The plasma membrane potential and the mitochondrial membrane potential of P. yoellii was examined by fluorescence microscopy using rhodamine 123 and by transmembrane distribution of tetraphenylphosphonium. 2. The mitochondrion of P. yoelii, free of gametocyte stage, maintained a high negative inside membrane potential. 3. Deprivation of glucose in incubation medium largely abolished the plasma membrane potential but not the mitochondrial membrane potential. 4. Studies with metabolic inhibitors showed that the mitochondrial membrane potential constituted a marginal portion as compared with the plasma membrane potential in intact infected erythrocytes. PMID- 3224511 TI - Physicochemical characterization and tissue distribution of multiple molecular forms of fish (Trachurus trachurus) esterases. AB - 1. Tissue-specific electrophoretic patterns of multiple molecular forms of esterases were observed in fish Trachurus trachurus. They were composed of three (in intestine) to nine (in liver) bands characterized mainly as carboxylesterases and acetylesterases. 2. Two major esterase activity bands of pI 4.60 and 4.77 were accompanied by minor ones of higher pH in tissue extracts. 3. Under optimum assay conditions, liver was the richest source of esterase activity followed by intestine, stomach, brain, red muscles, heart, white muscles and gills. 4. Esterases of 70,000 and 420,000 mol. wt were resolved by gel-filtration in liver, intestine and brain. Low size esterases prevailed in liver while the opposite was the case in brain. PMID- 3224512 TI - Comparison between mouse kidneys of pre- and postnatal ages maturing in vivo and in serum-free organ culture. AB - 1. To evaluate the influence of age, DNA synthesis and brush border hydrolase activities were determined in mouse kidneys maturing in vivo and in serum-free organ culture. 2. DNA synthesis decreased with advancing age. 3. The protein content and leucylnaphthylamidase, maltase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities increased with aging. 4. The differences due to age were reproduced in kidneys maturing in culture. 5. These results show that age has a significant effect on the parameters determined, but apparently has no influence on the viability of the kidney explants in culture. PMID- 3224513 TI - Metasternal gland secretion of the locust tree borer, Megacyllene robiniae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). AB - 1. The volatile components of metasternal gland extracts of male and female Megacyllene robiniae have been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. 2. The major component was identified as 2-(1,3-hexadien-1-yl)-5 methyltetrahydrofuran, a new natural product. 3. 1-Phenylethanol is present only in male extracts. 4. Acetates of hexadecanol and octadecanol are also present. PMID- 3224515 TI - Diurnal and episodic variations of plasma hydrocortisone concentrations in horses. AB - Using a specific high-performance liquid chromatographic technique, plasma hydrocortisone values were measured hourly in 6 horses and every 10 minutes in 4 horses over 24 hours. Both circadian and episodic variation was observed. The mean plasma hydrocortisone concentration was a maximum of 58.8 +/- 9.54 ng/ml at 9.19 +/- 0.59 hr and a minimum of 27.85 +/- 6.85 g/ml at 21.19 +/- 0.59 hr. The number of episodes of secretion was 10.0 +/- 1.41; the mean amplitude and duration of peak were 26.21 +/- 3.71 ng/ml and 105.25 +/- 21.24 min respectively. PMID- 3224514 TI - Evidence for the presence of alpha 1B-glycoprotein in mammalian sera: immunoblotting studies. AB - 1. A monospecific antiserum to pig alpha 1B-glycoprotein (PO2) was produced in rabbits and was used to search for homologues of alpha 1B in sera of 41 mammalian species belonging to seven orders. 2. Specific reactions were detected in the sera of representatives of Insectivora, Primates, Carnivora, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla. No cross-reactions were observed in the sera of two species of Rodentia (mouse, rat). 3. Cross-reactions in the sera of Erinaceus europaeus, Homo sapiens and Macaca mulatta were rather weak; this indicates a greater structural difference between the alpha 1 B of Insectivora and Primates and that of the other mammalian orders. 4. Electrophoretic patterns of alpha 1 B were, in most cases, heterogeneous, the most heterogeneous being in ruminants. 5. Evidence was obtained that the alpha 1 B of sheep is identical with the earlier described (Juneja and Gahne (1980) Anim. Blood Grps Biochem. Genet. 11, 81-92.) polymorphic post-transferrin (Ptf). PMID- 3224516 TI - Neonatal hemiorchidectomy of bulls alters plasma growth hormone levels and advances onset of pubertal testosterone secretion. AB - Bovine GH and testosterone profiles were determined in plasma collected at 20 min intervals during 3 hr bleeding periods on day 25 of life and every 15 days thereafter in six intact (I) Holstein bull calves and in six others which had been hemiorchidectomized (HO) at 10 days of age. In I bulls average plasma GH concentrations varied between 7.9 and 14.5 ng/ml (P greater than 0.05) until 130 days of age, after which the GH level gradually rose (P = 0.007) to a maximum of 19.4 ng/ml on day 205 of life. Episodic release of GH was apparent in 55 day-old and older I bulls and in HO bulls of all ages. Plasma GH concentrations in HO bulls were higher than in I bulls 15 and 30 days after surgery (P = 0.07), at which times the levels in HO bulls averaged 19.6 and 22.5 ng/ml and in I bulls 10.3 and 10.2 ng/ml, respectively. Plasma GH in HO bulls again exceeded that of I bulls at ages of 130-190 days (P = 0.04). Plasma testosterone was virtually nondetectable before 130 days of age in I bulls but thereafter exhibited the typical episodic pattern. In HO bulls, plasma testosterone concentrations began to rise 15 to 30 days before those in I bulls, resulting in an age X treatment interaction (P less than 0.0001). Furthermore, average testosterone levels were higher (P = 0.07) in HO than I bulls at 235 and 250 days of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224518 TI - Does cortisol inhibit vasopressin secretion in sheep? AB - Glucocorticoids inhibit the plasma vasopressin responses to hemorrhage and hypoxia in dogs. Attempts to demonstrate glucocorticoid inhibition of vasopressin secretion in fetal sheep have been unsuccessful, suggesting the possibility that there is an influence of development on the expression of this interaction, or that the interaction cannot be demonstrated in all mammalian species. This study was designed to investigate these two possibilities. Adult ewes chronically prepared with carotid arterial loops, were subjected to 5 hr infusions of cortisol at a rate of 6 ug/kg min or vehicle (5% ethanol in saline). The infusion of cortisol increased plasma cortisol concentration from 26 +/- 3 to 46 +/- 8 ng/ml, while vehicle infusion was associated with a decrease in plasma cortisol concentration from 23 +/- 4 to 15 +/- 3 ng/ml. One hr after the end of the cortisol or vehicle infusions, vasopressin secretion was stimulated by arterial hypotension produced by 10 min infusions of sodium nitroprusside (20 ug/kg min). Nitroprusside decreased arterial blood pressure equally in both groups. Plasma vasopressin concentrations were increased to peak concentrations of 92 +/- 33 and 116 +/- 20 pg/ml in the vehicle- and cortisol-infused groups, responses which were not significantly different as tested by ANOVA. We conclude that increases in plasma cortisol concentration, equal to those observed during responses to stressors, do not inhibit vasopressin secretion in this species. PMID- 3224517 TI - Serum growth hormone release during a 60-hour period in growing pigs. AB - Growth hormone (GH) profiles were measured during a 60-hour period in four castrated male and five female, 20-week-old Yorkshire pigs. During this period, GH release was not affected by feeding when measured at 2, 4 and 8 hr before and after feeding time. A photoperiod of 12 hr light and 12 hr darkness produced a decrease (P less than .05) in baseline mean GH levels from 4.0 to 3.5 ng/ml during periods of darkness. This effect was observed in both genders. Females and castrated males exhibited (P greater than .05) similar baseline GH levels and identical numbers of GH peaks during feeding and photoperiod studies. However, during these periods, the amplitude of the GH peaks and areas under the GH curves were greater (P less than .05) in females. These results indicate that: 1) feeding did not influence GH secretion; 2) darkness produced a decrease in the baseline GH levels in both sexes; and 3) females secreted more GH than castrated males of the same age. PMID- 3224519 TI - Concentrations of bioactive and immunoactive luteinizing hormone in bovine anterior pituitary tissue. AB - Tissue concentrations of LH as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) may not accurately measure actual changes that could occur in biological activity of the hormone. To examine this possibility, pituitary homogenates from 135 beef cows in various physiological states were analyzed for content of LH by both RIA and an in vitro bioassay. The ratio of biological/immunological active concentrations of LH remained constant (.52 +/- .02) even though tissue concentrations of immunoactive LH differed among groups. Tissue concentrations of bioactive LH were linearly related to, and highly correlated with (P less than .001), tissue concentrations of immunoactive LH. These data indicate that only a fraction of the immunoactive LH in the bovine pituitary is biologically active. However, this fraction does not vary with the reproductive status or plane of nutrition. PMID- 3224520 TI - Effects of estradiol-17 beta on the net hepatic extraction of triglyceride in vivo in fed and fasted sheep. AB - The effects of estrogen and fasting on hepatic metabolism were studied by an arteriovenous difference technique in six multicatheterized ewes. In each experiment samples were collected during fed and 3- and 5-day fasted states before, and 10 to 17 days after the animals had been implanted with 550 mg of estradiol-17 beta. The implants elevated plasma estradiol five- to seven-fold. Plasma concentrations of insulin and triglyceride (TG) were increased (P less than 0.01) by 131% and 62% respectively by estradiol in fed sheep. Concurrent circulating concentrations of glucose, glycerol, free fatty acids, and beta hydroxybutyrate were unaffected. During fasting estradiol elevated circulating concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate slightly, while levels of other metabolites and insulin were not different from fasted controls. In fed animals estradiol had no effect on the net hepatic uptake (NHU) of TG or glycerol but during fasting estradiol reduced the NHU of TG and glycerol by 47% and 31% (P less than 0.01) respectively. In addition, estradiol reduced the net hepatic production of beta-hydroxybutyrate in fed, but not in fasted animals. Net hepatic exchanges of glucose, or FFA were not affected by estradiol in either the fed or fasted state. Fasting increased the NHU of TG (P less than 0.05) and glycerol (P less than 0.01). The results of this study suggest that estradiol, at physiological concentrations, has lipotropic and anti-ketogenic effects on the ruminant liver. However, the anti-ketogenic effect is not apparent in fasted animals. Secondly, it appears that the hepatic lipidosis which often occurs in ruminants during negative energy balance is due largely to an increase in the NHU of circulating TG. PMID- 3224521 TI - Relationships between plasma concentrations of placental lactogen, insulin-like growth factors, metabolites and lamb size in late gestation ewes subject to nutritional supplementation and in their lambs at birth. AB - The relationships between placental lactogen (PL), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -1 and -2, insulin, glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were studied in 10 triplet-bearing ewes in late gestation (120-129 days) which were on ad libitum feeding. To extend the range of plasma metabolite concentrations the ewes received a continuous abomasal infusion from 100 days of gestation until delivery. Three were infused with glucose (160 g/day), 2 received sodium caseinate and 3 were infused with control fluid alone. From 120 days the animals were fed 3 hourly intervals from a belt feeder to achieve steady state and at 125 130 days had intravenous plasma samples pooled for analysis. There was no effect of nutritional supplementation on birth weight. Casein supplementation was associated with reduced maternal PL concentrations but glucose supplementation had no effect on PL concentrations. Circulating PL concentrations showed a positive correlation to IGF-2 activity (r = 0.64, P less than 0.05) and a negative relation to IGF-1 concentrations (r = -0.73, P less than 0.05). IGF-1 levels were higher (P less than 0.05) and IGF-2 levels were lower (P less than 0.05) in nutritionally supplemented ewes. In the ewe, NEFA concentrations showed a negative relationship to IGF-1 (r = -0.75, P less than 0.05) and a positive relationship with IGF-2 (r = 0.87, P less than 0.1). Similar relationships were observed in the ewe at term. These observations suggest that nutritional factors and PL may be important determinants of IGF-2 secretion in the late-gestation ewe. They suggest the possibility that IGF-2 mediates the lipolytic effects of PL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224523 TI - Steroidogenic properties of isolated adrenocortical cells from Japanese quail selected for high serum corticosterone response to immobilization. AB - The effect of selection for high stress response on adrenocortical function was examined by measuring the corticosterone response of adrenocortical cells isolated from random-bred Japanese quail and quail selected for high serum corticosterone response to immobilization (high-stress). Highly enriched adrenocortical cells were incubated with various concentrations of ACTH1-24 (ACTH), 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8Br-cAMP) and pregnenolone for 2 hr. Corticosterone production was measured by radioimmunoassay. Basal corticosterone production values by cells from random-bred and high-stress birds were not different. In contrast, the average maximal ACTH- and 8Br-cAMP-induced corticosterone production by cells from high-stress quail was 89% greater than that of cells from random-bred quail. However, the average pregnenolone-supported corticosterone production by cells from high-stress birds was 34% less than that of cells from random-bred birds. Thus, the data suggest that although random-bred quail cells had a greater potential capacity for corticosterone production, high stress quail cells had a greater ability to couple ACTH, ACTH-transmembrane signaling factors and subsequent second messengers with the available steroidogenic enzyme pool. The magnitude of the differences in function between cells from high-stress and random-bred birds was greater for female cells compared to male cells. In addition to differences in cellular function, there were also differences in adrenal and relative adrenal weights between random-bred and high-stress quail. The average, adrenal and relative (mg/100 g body weight) adrenal weights of high-stress quail were 14-16% greater than those of random bred quail. It is concluded that the enhanced serum corticosterone response of the high-stress quail line is, in part, due to an increase in relative adrenal weight and an increase in adrenocortical cell responsiveness to ACTH. PMID- 3224522 TI - Recombinant bovine somatotropin stimulates short term increases in growth rate and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in chickens. AB - Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbGH) was administered by subcutaneous injection at daily doses of 0.5 or 2.5 mg/kg for a two week period in female broiler chicks between 4 and 6 weeks of age. Half of the chicks received dietary corticosterone at a 1 ppm level. Growth rate was significantly increased 6.1% and 6.9% following one week of treatment with 0.5 or 2.5 mg/kg rbGH respectively. Treatment with the same respective doses of rbGH in the presence of 1 ppm corticosterone, supplied to suppress any possible immune response elicited by the heterologous somatotropin, resulted in an 8.0% and 7.8% increase (P less than .05) in growth rate during the first week of treatment. The rbGH-associated increase in growth rate was accompanied by a significant increase in food intake, higher circulating levels of IGF-I, and lower plasma T4 concentrations, while plasma T3 levels were unchanged. All effects were attenuated during the second week of treatment, concomitant with the development of high antibody titer against rbGH regardless of dietary corticosterone administration. Carcass parameters relating to bone, muscle and fat were not different between rbGH-treated and control chickens at the end of the two week treatment period. Thus rbGH is capable of stimulating a short-term improvement in growth rate, which is related to increased feed consumption and is of limited duration. PMID- 3224524 TI - Distribution of immunoreactive vasotocin and mesotocin in the chicken gastrointestinal tract. AB - Immunoreactive arginine vasotocin (AVT) and mesotocin (MT) were measured in heart, breast muscle, adrenals, testes, and different parts of the gastrointestinal tract in adult male chickens. Neither of the peptides were detected in liver, testis, heart and breast muscle. The amounts of AVT and MT in the adrenals were 167 +/- 25 and 669 +/- 198 pg/gland, respectively. Considerable amounts of immunoreactive peptides were found in the gastrointestinal tract with the highest concentration in the proventriculus (4.18 +/- 0.31 ng AVT and 16.58 +/- 0.86 ng MT per organ). Dose-response curves of duodenal and proventriculus extracts were parallel with synthetic AVT and MT standards. PMID- 3224525 TI - Photoperiodic control of growth hormone secretion and body weight in rams. AB - This study was undertaken to assess the influence of photoperiod on growth hormone (GH) secretion in rams and its possible influence on body weight. Twenty young adult rams were divided into two groups. One was subjected to an annual (AR) and the other to a semestral (SR) light regime during the same 18-month period. In both groups, daylength (DL) varied gradually between 8 to 17 hr. Plasma prolactin (PRL) and GH profiles consisting of 6 hr samples were determined and animals were weighed throughout the course of the experiment. Maximal PRL secretion was observed with largest DL. In contrast, GH secretion increased during increasing DL but it began to decrease before maximal DL was reached in both light regimes. Mean GH secretion was maximal when the DL was about 11 hr in SR and between 8 to 12 hr in AR. Similarly, body weight increased when DL increased and plateaued during decreasing DL in both AR and SR animal groups. Significant (P less than 0.05) differences were observed throughout the course of the experiment according to the effects of decreasing or increasing DL in each group. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of DL on plasma PRL and GH levels and weight velocity (WV) was significant (P less than 0.05) in both light regimes. This suggests that in SR, plasma PRL and GH levels and WV vary according to a six month period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224526 TI - Effects of exogenous melatonin prior to the breeding season on testis weight and epididymal androgen receptors in rams. AB - Rams were randomly assigned to an experiment that evaluated effects of treatment (2.5 mg melatonin/d for 45 d vs control; MEL vs CON) in mid-May through June on testis weight and concentration of epididymal androgen receptor in July or September (Sept). Mean testis weight of MEL and CON rams was not different in July (332 vs 283 g), but in Sept was less (P less than .05) for MEL rams than CON rams (268 vs 382 g). Testis weight of MEL rams was less (P less than .05) in Sept than in July. Caput, corpus and cauda epididymal tissues were used to prepare extracts which were analyzed for concentration of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) receptor using a new standard curve method. A standard extract was characterized using four independent 8-point Scatchard analyses and found to contain 6.0 fmol DHT receptor/mg wet tissue (Ka = 3.5 X 10(8).M-1); this extract was used to establish standard curves for assays of unknown samples. Data on concentration of DHT receptors measured by Scatchard analysis and the standard curve method were highly correlated (r = 0.99; P less than .01; n = 8). Concentrations of DHT receptor were not affected by treatment, month of castration, or their interaction. However, for data pooled across treatment and month, concentration (fmol/mg protein) of DHT receptor was greater (P less than .05) in caput or corpus (125 or 122) than in cauda (92) epididymidis. The regional distribution of epididymal DHT receptors in this study confirmed our previous findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224527 TI - Why are torturers never punished? AB - In 1974, a young woman was arrested and tortured in Calcutta, India. After her release from detention, three years later, she filed a petition against her torturers. Ten years later, the case is still pending before a lower court in Calcutta. A review of the case indicates the need for great strength to survive torture without the loss of will to bring the case to justice. PMID- 3224528 TI - Children and grandparents: the right to visit. PMID- 3224529 TI - Teaching independent living skills in Minnesota. PMID- 3224530 TI - Supporting parents with mental retardation. PMID- 3224531 TI - A magic mix: after-school programs in a nursing home. PMID- 3224532 TI - [The threaded SCL total hip prosthesis. 5 years' international experience]. PMID- 3224533 TI - Influence of physical characteristics of intravenous systems on drug delivery. AB - The influence of multiple intravenous system factors on the time required to deliver a drug dose was evaluated in vitro using a factorial study design. The study factors included (1) 5 intraluminal tubing diameters, (2) 2 intravenous tubing positions, (3) 2 intravenous infusion rates, and (4) 2 intravenous tubing lengths. For each intravenous system that represented the respective combination of study factors, a 1-ml dose of 14C-labeled potassium penicillin G was administered and the effusate was collected over time. A liquid scintillation technique was used to quantitate the amount of drug delivered. In-line pressures that resulted from the experimental conditions were measured in order to examine for correlations between in-line pressure and alterations in drug delivery time. Analysis of variance and stepwise procedures were used to determine significance of these factors on drug delivery time. It was determined that complex fluid dynamics resulting from the combined influences of tubing diameter, tubing length and infusion rate appears to have a significant influence on drug delivery time. It is important to use efficient intravenous systems for intravenous therapy in order to predict and control intravenous drug delivery. PMID- 3224534 TI - Pharmacokinetics of thiopental in the asphyxiated neonate. AB - The pharmacokinetic properties of thiopental were studied in 10 asphyxiated neonates (mean +/- SE; birth weight, 3,244 +/- 212 g; gestational age, 40 +/- 1 weeks) as part of a randomized, controlled trial which tested the ability of barbiturate therapy to decrease central nervous system damage secondary to perinatal asphyxia. Therapy was begun at a mean age of 2.3 h in all and was initially given as a loading dose of 15 mg/kg over 30 min followed by a constant infusion. The mean steady-state thiopental concentration was 13.4 +/- 3.7 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD) and the average time to reach steady state was 7 +/- 5 h. Mean elimination half-life, plasma clearance and volume of distribution for thiopental were 39 h (range 26-70), 66 ml/(h x kg) (range 31-172), and 3.6 liters/kg (range 1.1-6.7), respectively. Arterial blood pressure support was required in 8 of 10 patients. While it appears feasible to give thiopental to the asphyxiated neonate at the reported infusion rates, the risk-benefit ratio is increased by the frequent associated hypotension and need for pharmacologic blood pressure support. PMID- 3224535 TI - Naloxone potentiates the plasma catecholamine response to asphyxia in the fetus. AB - The effect of endogenous opioid peptide blockade with naloxone on the plasma catecholamine response to asphyxia (hypoxemia + acidemia) was investigated in 6 chronically catheterized late gestation (greater than or equal to 120 days) fetal lambs in utero. Animals were assigned randomly to receive either naloxone (1 mg/kg) or saline on alternate days. Hypoxemia was produced by gradual umbilical cord compression until arterial PO2 less than 15 Torr and maintained for 15 min. This resulted in the development of acidemia as pH decreased from a baseline of 7.41 +/- 0.02 to 7.25 +/- 0.01. Fetal heart rate declined initially from 183 +/- 5 to 113 +/- 7 beats/min and then increased progressively to approach, but not return, to baseline, whereas mean arterial pressure continued to rise from 45 +/- 2 Torr throughout the 15-min observation period to a peak of 61 +/- 5 Torr. No difference was noted between control and naloxone-treated fetuses in their blood pH, PO2, PCO, heart rate or blood pressure responses to asphyxia. Plasma epinephrine concentrations increased 10-fold from 143 +/- 45 to 1391 +/- 290 pg/ml in control fetuses and from 254 +/- 58 to 6944 +/- 847 pg/ml, a 27-fold increase, in naloxone-treated fetuses (p less than 0.05). Norepinephrine levels were not significantly altered by opioid receptor blockade, increasing from 525 +/- 121 to 4138 +/- 912 pg/ml in controls and from 719 +/- 186 to 6,958 +/- 1,439 pg/ml in naloxone-treated animals. Thus, naloxone potentiates the plasma epinephrine response to asphyxia. Endogenous opioid peptides may act as modulators of the sympathoadrenal response to severe stress in the fetus. PMID- 3224536 TI - Changes in sensitivity of rat heart to norepinephrine and isoproterenol during pre- and postnatal development and its relation to sympathetic innervation. AB - Possible correlation between sympathetic innervation and sensitivity to adrenergic agonists was examined with developing rat hearts. Chronotropic responses of right atria to tyramine (TYR) was absent until the 15th day of gestation. After the 17th day of gestation, the maximum chronotropism by TYR was equal to that by norepinephrine (NE), indicating the development of functional sympathetic innervation to sinus node during this period. In ventricle, TYR responsiveness was low at birth and increased with age, indicating an increased sympathetic innervation during early postnatal period. Both in atria and ventricle, sensitivity to NE was high in early fetal ages followed by a 10-fold decrease after the onset of sympathetic innervation. Similar changes were observed in the sensitivity to isoproterenol, suggesting the postjunctional nature of this sensitivity change. There was no difference in sensitivities to dibutyryl cyclic AMP and forskolin between ventricles from 1-day- and 1-week-old neonates, suggesting changes in beta-receptor-adenylate cyclase system as a cause of this sensitivity change. The observed parallelism between functional sympathetic innervation and postjunctional sensitivity changes supports the hypothesis that sympathetic nerve exerts trophic influence upon cardiac muscle development to regulate the sensitivity to agonists. PMID- 3224537 TI - Mouse placental receptor for basic somatomedin following maternal ethanol administration. AB - We have previously reported a reduction in the basic somatomedin (B-SM) binding activity of day-15 mouse placental membranes following 3 days of acute maternal ethanol administration. In the present experiments, we have investigated the effects of acute maternal ethanol administration early in gestation on the subsequent development of the placental B-SM receptor, and its relationship to alcohol-related embryofetal growth deficits. Following administration of aqueous ethanol (0.0, 3.6, 5.5 or 7.1 ml/kg) by gavage on days 7, 8 and 9 of gestation, there was no evidence of reproductive impairment in alcohol-treated dams, but there was a significant reduction in day-15 embryonic body weight. Crown-rump length was unaffected. There was no treatment-related difference in the percentage specific binding of [125I]-B-SM by day-15 placental membranes, or in maternal serum B-SM concentrations. These observations suggest that embryofetal growth restriction following maternal ethanol administration is not mediated directly by peripheral unresponsiveness of the B-SM receptor, at least when the exposure occurs early in or prior to placental receptor ontogeny. PMID- 3224538 TI - Conjugation of styrene oxide by the basic and acidic forms of glutathione transferase in the human fetal liver. AB - Two forms of glutathione transferase were isolated by means of isoelectric focusing of human fetal liver cytosol preparations. The enzyme activity was measured with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as the electrophilic substrate. One peak focused at pH 9-10 (basic form) and the other at pH 4-5 (acidic form). The basic and the acidic forms are representatives of glutathione transferase classes alpha and tau, respectively. These classes constitute two of the three classes defined for cytosolic forms of the enzyme in several mammalian species [Mannervik et al., Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 7202-7206, 1985]. Only the basic fraction isolated from human fetal liver catalyzed the conjugation of styrene oxide with glutathione at a significant rate. The kinetics of this form were studied keeping the concentration of styrene oxide constant (6 mM) and varying the glutathione concentration from 0.05 to 25 mM. The enzyme activity displayed non-Michaelis Menten kinetics. The basic and acidic forms of glutathione transferase from a fetal liver were purified to homogeneity. Both purified forms catalyzed the conjugation of glutathione with styrene oxide. The kinetics were studied at varying glutathione concentrations and for both forms, it was found to be of a non-Michaelis-Menten type. The results are consistent with previous findings in the cytosolic fraction [Pacifici et al., Biochem. Pharmac. 30: 3367-3371, 1981] and show that the non-Michaelian kinetics observed with glutathione in human fetal liver cytosol are reflections of the intrinsic properties of the basic as well as the acid form of this enzyme and not primarily depending on the simultaneous catalytic action of the two forms. PMID- 3224539 TI - Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Alaskan Eskimos, Indians, and Aleuts. AB - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Alaska Natives has been thought to be low, but no survey of this condition in all natives has been conducted. Medical records from 1979 to 1985 were reviewed to determine the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes mellitus in Alaska Natives. Computerized outpatient and inpatient medical record data and clinician reports were used to identify cases. As of December 1985, 610 living Alaska Natives fulfilled diagnostic criteria for diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus was found in 564 subjects, type I diabetes was found in 15 subjects, and unspecified type of diabetes was found in 31 subjects. The overall age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes mellitus, 15.7/1000, was lower than the overall United States rate of 24.7/1000. However, age-adjusted prevalence varied considerably by ethnic group; the prevalence was 27.2/1000 among Aleuts, 22.0/1000 among Alaskan Indians, and 8.8/1000 among Alaskan Eskimos. Rates within the Eskimo subgroups varied by a factor of four. Compared with previous reports, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Alaskan Eskimos appears to have increased. Diabetes mellitus is no longer a rare condition among Alaska Natives. PMID- 3224541 TI - Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in subjects with NIDDM in San Luis Valley of Colorado. AB - This study examined whether non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects have an increased prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria compared with subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetic (n = 206) and normal (n = 418) subjects were identified from a defined geographic area in the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado. Presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was determined by testing the subjects' urine with a reagent-strip test for nitrite and leukocyte esterase (Chemstrip LN). The ability of the Chemstrip LN to detect bacteriuria was evaluated by comparing its results with those from urine culture on a subsample of subjects. There were 7 control and 12 diabetic subjects with bacteriuria as measured by the Chemstrip LN. The prevalence of urinary tract colonization among diabetic compared with control subjects was increased 3.5-fold (95% confidence interval 1.4-8.6). Adjustment for confounding by age, sex, ethnicity, and county of residence resulted in an adjusted prevalence ratio of 4.4 (95% confidence interval 1.1-17.4). Among diabetic subjects, prevalence of bacteriuria increased with longer disease duration but was not affected by measures of glucose control. We conclude that NIDDM increases the prevalence of bacterial colonization of the urine and, therefore, probably also increases the risk of symptomatic urinary tract infection. PMID- 3224540 TI - Motor vehicle accidents and IDDM. AB - A case-control study examining the 1-yr motor vehicle accident experiences of 158 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) cases and 158 nondiabetic siblings was undertaken to evaluate the risk of motor vehicle accidents among drivers with IDDM. In multivariate analyses the overall accident risk of the cases and control subjects did not differ significantly. Female diabetic drivers, however, showed a marked increased risk for motor vehicle accidents. The accident risk among female cases was five times higher than among the female control subjects (P less than .05). Age and marital status were also significantly associated with accident probability in the multivariate model. The results suggest that IDDM could have an effect on the accident rate of diabetic drivers, particularly women. However, the traditional risk factors for automobile accidents, i.e., age and marital status, appear to have an equally strong influence on accident occurrence. Further studies are needed to 1) document the role of IDDM in accidents among representative samples of the IDDM population and 2) properly evaluate the licensing restrictions recommended for diabetic drivers. PMID- 3224542 TI - Major malformations in infants of IDDM women. Vasculopathy and early first trimester poor glycemic control. AB - From animal and in vitro studies, it has been suggested that high environmental glucose, ketone, or insulin concentrations and low glucose or insulin concentrations may be etiologic factors for congenital malformations (CMs) in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). Transplacental passage of antibody-bound insulin has been demonstrated in humans. Controversy exists regarding the pathophysiology of CMs in human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) pregnancies. We hypothesized that CMs in IDMs are associated with maternal vasculopathy, poor first-trimester glycemic control (i.e., hyper- and/or hypoglycemia), advanced White class, and high insulin requirements. We studied 165 first pregnancies of women with IDDM from 1978 to 1986. The goals of glucose control were a fasting blood glucose of less than 100 mg/dl and a 90-min postprandial blood glucose of less than 140 mg/dl. Insulin requirements, body weight, and pre- and postprandial blood glucose were recorded at weekly clinic visits. Maternal blood HbA1 was measured on entry and every 4 wk to confirm that adequate glycemic control was achieved. Women who enrolled in the project were interviewed during gestation by a geneticist/dysmorphologist who obtained genetic and environmental histories using a standard questionnaire. All live-born infants and stillbirths were examined. Each live-born infant was assessed systematically by two independent examiners, a neonatologist and a geneticist/dysmorphologist; examination with standardized checklists was performed in the newborn nursery as soon after birth as was practical. In first pregnancies in the study, there were 13 IDMs with major CMs (7.9%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224544 TI - Pointing fingers. PMID- 3224543 TI - Comparison of different models of diabetes care on compliance with self monitoring of blood glucose by memory glucometer. AB - The modern management of diabetes relies heavily on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), and therefore SMBG records are an important source of clinical data for management decision making. The development of a memory Glucometer has provided the opportunity to verify the validity of glucose records thus generated and observe the effects of different educational approaches on compliance with SMBG. Thirty-four patients without previous experience of SMBG were randomized into one of the following experimental groups differing in the model of diabetes care: mutual decision making, didactic, and authoritarian. Patients, unaware of the memory capacity of the glucose meter, were required to perform four glucose measurements per day over a 14-day observation period. Patient-generated blood glucose records were then compared with objective records stored in the glucose meter memory. Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus recorded a lower proportion of correct results (63 vs. 79%, P = .049) and exhibited a tendency to invent results with lower blood glucose levels (5.3 vs. 7.5 mM, P less than .0001) than the results omitted compared with patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Predictors of greater validity of records were perceived intelligence of the subject (chi 2 = 4.56, P less than .02) and private health insurance status (chi 2 = 4.52, P less than .04), whereas the experimental group assignment was not significant. These findings reflect potential motivational and sociodemographic limitations in the validity of SMBG recordings within the management and education of patients with gestational and nongestational diabetes. PMID- 3224545 TI - Eye care guidelines for patients with diabetes mellitus. American Diabetes Association. PMID- 3224546 TI - Which reference method for comparing blood glucose reagent strips. Blood or serum? PMID- 3224547 TI - The diabetic school bus driver. Dissenting opinion. PMID- 3224548 TI - Recommendations for desirable features of glucose monitoring systems for visually impaired customers. PMID- 3224549 TI - [The mechanism of encoding the position information by neuroepithelial cells from the brain of amphibian embryos]. PMID- 3224550 TI - [In vivo cell fusion induced by fast neutrons and gamma-rays]. PMID- 3224551 TI - [Amplifying sequence of Streptomyces rimosus: study of ability to co amplification of hybrid plasmids containing this sequence in Streptomyces lividans 66]. PMID- 3224552 TI - [Tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase catalyzes synthesis of Ap3A but not Ap4A]. PMID- 3224553 TI - Developmental expression of a neurofilament-M and two vimentin-like genes in Xenopus laevis. AB - A hamster vimentin cDNA probe has been used to isolate and characterize three Xenopus laevis intermediate filament genes, named XIF1, XIF3 and XIF6. Of these, XIF6 shows 89% homology at the amino acid level to a portion of porcine neurofilament-M. XIF6 is transcribed solely in nervous tissue of embryos, commencing at the late neural tube stage. Expression is totally dependent on an interaction between mesoderm and ectoderm during gastrulation and can be used as a marker of neural induction. XIF1 shows 94% homology and XIF3 83% homology to hamster vimentin at the amino acid level over a region of the protein. Although XIF1 and XIF3 show more homology to vimentin than to any other intermediate filament gene, they have distinct temporal and spatial patterns of expression. XIF1 expression most resembles that of vimentin in higher vertebrates, being expressed in embryonic myotome and nerve cord, whilst XIF3 is unusual in that its expression is restricted predominantly to the head in tailbud embryos. PMID- 3224554 TI - Vimentin expression in oocytes, eggs and early embryos of Xenopus laevis. AB - Immunocytochemical studies using a monoclonal anti-porcine vimentin antibody reveal a well-organized pattern of staining in Xenopus laevis oocytes, eggs and early embryos. The positions of Xenopus vimentin and desmin in two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gels were first established by immunoblotting of muscle Triton extracts with anti-intermediate filament antibodies (anti-IFA), which cross-react with all intermediate filament proteins (IFPs). The anti-porcine vimentin reacts with vimentin and desmin in muscle 2D immunoblots, but only reacts with one polypeptide in oocyte blots in the position predicted for vimentin (Mr 55 x 10(3), pI 5.6). Using an anti-sense probe derived from a Xenopus vimentin genomic clone in RNase protection assays, we show that expression of vimentin begins in previtellogenic oocytes. The level of expression remains constant throughout oogenesis and in unfertilized eggs. These data suggest that vimentin is expressed in oocytes and eggs. Most interestingly, the immunocytochemical results also show that vimentin is present in the germ plasma of oocytes, eggs and early embryos. It is therefore possible that vimentin has an important role in the formation or behaviour of early germ line cells. PMID- 3224555 TI - Localization of transcripts from the wingless gene in whole Drosophila embryos. AB - In situ hybridization has been used to detect transcription in whole Drosophila embryos. Improved results have been obtained by incubating the hybridized embryos in liquid emulsion prior to autoradiographic exposure. This technique has been used to map the distribution of transcripts from the segment-polarity gene wingless (wg), which is transcribed in a stripe in each segment of the trunk region. By the extended germband stage additional areas of transcription in the head and caudal regions define a total of 21 domains, comprising the foregut, six regions in the head, three thoracic and ten abdominal segments, and the hindgut. At the end of the extended germband stage, the pattern of wg transcription is no longer uniform in the dorsoventral axis: wg transcripts are absent from the lateral epidermis. This pattern of wg transcription is discussed with particular regard to the segmentation of the terminalia. Also it is suggested that the dorsoventral reorganization could be related to the specification of the imaginal disc primordia. PMID- 3224556 TI - The role of secondary mesenchyme cells during sea urchin gastrulation studied by laser ablation. AB - It has long been thought that traction exerted by filopodia of secondary mesenchyme cells (SMCs) is a sufficient mechanism to account for elongation of the archenteron during sea urchin gastrulation. The filopodial traction hypothesis has been directly tested here by laser ablation of SMCs in gastrulae of the sea urchin, Lytechinus pictus. When SMCs are ablated at the onset of secondary invagination, the archenteron doubles in length at the normal rate of elongation, but advance of the tip of the archenteron stops at the 2/3 gastrula stage. In contrast, when all SMCs are ablated at or following the 2/3 gastrula stage, further elongation does not occur. However, if a few SMCs are allowed to remain in 2/3-3/4 gastrulae, elongation continues, although more slowly than in controls. The final length of archenterons in embryos ablated at the 1/3-1/2 gastrula stage is virtually identical to the final length of everted archenterons in LiCl-induced exogastrulae; since filopodial traction is not exerted in either case, an alternate, common mechanism of elongation probably operates in both cases. These results suggest that archenteron elongation involves two processes: (1) active, filopodia-independent elongation, which depends on active cell rearrangement and (2) filopodia-dependent elongation, which depends on mechanical tension exerted by the filopodia. PMID- 3224557 TI - Spatial and temporal distribution of the adherens-junction-associated adhesion molecule A-CAM during avian embryogenesis. AB - A-CAM (adherens-junction-specific cell adhesion molecule) is a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule which is associated with intercellular adherens junctions in various tissues (Volk & Geiger, 1986, J. Cell Biol. 103, 1441-1450 and 1451 1464). In the present report, we have investigated the distribution of A-CAM during avian morphogenesis by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting. A CAM appeared at the onset of gastrulation on developing mesodermal and endodermal cells and was then expressed on tissues derived from the three primary germ layers. During embryonic life, A-CAM was constitutively expressed in a number of tissues including the central and peripheral nervous system, myocardium, muscles, notochord, skin and lens whereas it was found transiently in many tissues ranging from the nephritic tubules and the endoderm of visceral arches to ectodermal placodes. In the adult, in addition to the nervous system, A-CAM was restricted to the skin, lens, heart and testis, and exhibited an apparent molecular weight higher than the one found in the embryo. The prevalence and cell-surface modulation of A-CAM could frequently be correlated with morphogenetic events such as mesenchyme condensation into epithelia or cell clusters (e.g. formation of the somitic epithelium, kidney tubules and peripheral ganglia), dissociation of epithelia (e.g. dissociation of the somitic epithelium and segregation of neural crest from the neural tube), separation of cell populations (e.g. fibroblasts and myotubes in the heart) and reorganizations of epithelia (e.g. neurulation). In addition, using electron microscopy, the expression of A-CAM on the surface of aggregating and separating cells could be correlated with the formation and disappearance of adherens junctions. This precisely scheduled control of A-CAM correlated with early morphogenetic events during embryogenesis suggests that this CAM could play a crucial role in these processes. PMID- 3224558 TI - The influence of cell contact on the division of mouse 8-cell blastomeres. AB - The pattern of division of polarized 8-cell blastomeres with respect to the axis of cell polarity has been compared (i) for cells dividing alone with cells dividing in pairs, and (ii) for early and late dividing cells within a pair. Cell interactions do not seem to influence significantly the overall pattern of division within the population. The only significant difference found was that the second dividing cell in a pair tended to divide in the same way as its earlier dividing companion slightly more frequently than expected. These results suggest that cell interactions immediately prior to and during division do not influence strongly the orientation and position of the division plane. In contrast, interactions between the cells within an intact early 8-cell embryo, which is subsequently disaggregated to singletons or pairs, do influence the type of progeny generated at division to the 16-cell stage, and seem to do so via an effect on the size of the microvillous region generated at the cell apex. PMID- 3224559 TI - Reformation of specific neuromuscular connections during axolotl limb regeneration: evidence that the first contacts are correct. AB - Retrograde neuronal tracing with horseradish peroxidase was used to determine the position in the spinal cord of the motor neurone pools of a proximal (biceps) and a distal (extensor digitorum) limb muscle at various times during axolotl limb regeneration. It was found that from the earliest stages of muscle redifferentiation (as judged by light and electron microscopic analysis) the vast majority of axons innervating the regenerating muscles came from cells within the bounds of the normal motor neurone pool for each muscle. A few incorrect projections were noted in that the regenerating proximal muscle was sometimes innervated by some cells caudal to its normal motor neurone pool. The results are discussed in terms of mechanisms that may be operating in the regenerating limb to ensure that specific neuromuscular connections are made. PMID- 3224560 TI - The allocation of cells in the presomitic mesoderm during somite segmentation in the mouse embryo. AB - Orthotopic grafts of wheat germ agglutinin-colloidal gold conjugate (WGA-gold) labelled cells were used to demonstrate differences in the segmental fate of cells in the presomitic mesoderm of the early-somite-stage mouse embryos developing in vitro. Labelled cells in the anterior region of the presomitic mesoderm colonized the first three somites formed after grafting, while those grafted to the middle region of this tissue were found mostly in the 4th-7th newly formed somites. Labelled cells grafted to the posterior region were incorporated into somites whose somitomeres were not yet present in the presomitic mesoderm at the time of grafting. There was therefore an apparent posterior displacement of the grafted cells in the presomitic mesoderm. Colonization of somites by WGA-gold labelled cells was usually limited to two to three consecutive somites in the chimaera. The distribution of cells derived from a single graft to two somites was most likely due to the segregation of the labelled population when cells were allocated to adjacent meristic units during somite formation. Further spreading of the labelled cells to several somites in some cases was probably the result of a more extensive mixing of mesodermal cells among the somitomeres prior to somite segmentation. PMID- 3224561 TI - Correlation between 31P NMR phosphomonoester and biochemically determined phosphorylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine during development of the rat brain. AB - Phosphomonoesters were measured in the developing rat brain by in vivo and in vitro 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and by classical biochemical methods. In vitro NMR showed that the main component of the phosphomonoester peak is phosphorylethanolamine. Phosphomonoesters measured by in vivo NMR decreased during development at the same rate as the biochemically estimated phosphorylethanolamine. Phosphorylethanolamine, a precursor of the membrane lipid phosphatidylethanolamine, decreased during development parallel to an increase of the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine, which was measured biochemically. These studies show that 31P NMR can be used to monitor brain development in vivo. PMID- 3224562 TI - Comparison of six different substrata on the plating efficiency, differentiation and survival of human dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture. AB - We compared six different substrata for their ability to promote attachment, neurite extension and short-term survival of dissociated human fetal dorsal root ganglion neurons. The substrata were laminin, fibronectin, polylysine, type I collagen, a combination of collagen and polylysine, and bare plastic surface. The results show laminin and fibronectin, two important constituents of the extracellular matrix of the nervous system, to be comparable in efficiency and the best substrata for the successful in vitro growth of human fetal dorsal root ganglion neurons. The present study also supports the notion that the development of the nervous system in vivo and in vitro may be critically dependent on the components of the extracellular matrix. PMID- 3224563 TI - Neuroblastoma cell-oligodendrocyte interaction is mediated by neural cell adhesion molecules. AB - The role of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the interaction between neurons and oligodendrocytes was studied using N2A neuroblastoma cells, which express only the 180,000 Mr NCAM and rat oligodendrocytes which express only 120,000 Mr NCAM. Oligodendrocytes bound to neuroblastoma cells, and the binding was inhibited by anti-NCAM, suggesting that NCAM is involved in oligodendrocyte neuron interaction. The possible role of NCAM in myelination and remyelination is discussed. PMID- 3224564 TI - Neurotoxic effects of kainic acid on developing chick retina. AB - The neurotoxic effects of kainic acid (KA) on developing neurons in the chick retina was investigated in an in vitro preparation. Eyecups from chick embroyos at 6 (E-6), 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 20 days of incubation and from chicks on day 1 posthatch (D-1) were exposed to different doses of KA for 30 min and then processed for light microscopy. Neurotoxic damage was evaluated by the presence of swollen cell bodies, containing pale cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. At E-8, amacrine cells first became sensitive to KA and displayed neurotoxic damage at a threshold concentration of 20 microM. Their sensitivity to KA increased over the following 4 days, so that by E-12 they attained a threshold sensitivity of 5.0 microM KA. At E-14, one third of the retinae showed amacrine cell damage at 0.5 2.0 microM KA, less than the threshold dose of 5.0 microM KA required at D-1. Bipolar cells first become sensitive to KA at E-12, at a threshold concentration of 5.0 microM. The threshold concentration decreased over the following 10 days: 2.0 microM at E-16, 1.0 microM at E-20, and 0.5 microM at D-1. At E-8 and E-10, horizontal cells were susceptible to a relatively high concentration of 80 microM KA. The sensitivity to KA is evident prior to the formation of photoreceptor input. These results indicate that amacrine and horizontal cells are susceptible to KA at an earlier age than bipolar cells. Both amacrine and bipolar cells exhibit an age-dependent relationship with the threshold concentration of KA required to cause neurotoxicity; in general, the older the embryo, the lower the dose of KA. However, the increased susceptibility of amacrine cells at E-14 suggests a transient hypersensitivity to KA during this period which may reflect an overproduction of the receptor-ionic channel complex necessary for KA to exert its effect. PMID- 3224565 TI - Phagocytosis of polystyrene latex beads by rat brain microglia cell cultures is increased by treatment with gangliosides. AB - Cultures of microglial cells were prepared from primary rat brain cultures of astrocytes. Microglia appeared under two main forms: ameboid and ramified. Only the former were capable of ingesting opsonized latex particles of 1 and 6 micron; while the latter, which appeared later in culture, were not capable of phagocytosis. When gangliosides (10(-6) M), which are known for their neuronotrophic capacity in vitro, were added to the growth medium (for 20 min) they stimulated the phagocytosis of ameboid microglia 2-fold. PMID- 3224566 TI - Road traffic accidents (RTAs): management of this disease in developing countries. PMID- 3224567 TI - Road traffic accidents in Kaduna metropolis: a-3 month survey. PMID- 3224568 TI - An evaluation of organophosphate poisoning cases in an urban setting in Zimbabwe. PMID- 3224569 TI - Risk factors for the development of foot lesions in Nigerian patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3224570 TI - Endogenous creatinine clearance in children with sickle cell anaemia and relationship with age: a preliminary report. PMID- 3224571 TI - The role of Yersinia enterocolitica in appendicitis in Zaria. PMID- 3224572 TI - Personal radiation monitoring services in Kenya. PMID- 3224573 TI - Apert's syndrome: a case report. PMID- 3224574 TI - The predictive value of behavioural risk factors for sudden infant death. AB - In order to examine the predictive value of risk factors for the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), we have interviewed the parents of 80 SIDS victims and 80 parents of a healthy control group. From these interviews a list of 24 clinical and behavioural symptoms was assembled which appeared to be associated with the risk for SIDS. Out of this list of 24 symptoms the average number of symptoms reported to be observable in SIDS victims was twice as large as the average number of symptoms reported for healthy controls. The following symptoms appeared markedly more often in SIDS victims than in the controls: difficulties in awakening the baby, shrill crying, apathy, few movements during sleep, and cyanosis. We have attempted to consider a possible bias in the report of the parents of deceased infants by the introduction of an "exaggeration factor". By application of Bayes' theorem the highest predictive probability, 2.7%, was found for difficulties in awakening the baby. This is approximately nine times the assumed a priori probability of SIDS of 0.3%. We conclude that behavioural risk factors have a low but still remarkable predictive probability. A behavioural pattern of apathy and sleepiness indicates risk with a high probability. PMID- 3224575 TI - Quieting during early infancy: evidence for a developmental change? AB - The ability to terminate crying (quieting) without intervention was studied from 0 to 18 weeks. Two groups were involved: 11 newborns during the first hour after birth and a longitudinal group of 14 infants seen every 3 weeks from 3 to 18 weeks. Most newborns who cried showed quieting with and without hand-mouth contacting. In the longitudinal group quieting with hand-mouth contacting appeared for the first time at 9 weeks (quieting without hand-mouth contacting being present from 3 weeks). Quieting with hand-mouth contacting was frequently accompanied by hand chewing/sucking. Explanations for the disappearance in quieting with hand-mouth contacting and its reappearance at 9 weeks concern changes in movement and posture. Explanations based on notions of intentionality in quieting were not supported by the data. PMID- 3224576 TI - Neuromotor development of preterm and full-term infants. AB - The Neuromotor Behavioral Inventory (NBI), a 16-category measure of muscle tone, developmental motor abilities, quality of movement, neurological reflexes and reactions, and neuromotor outcome was used with 38 infants divided into three groups: healthy preterm (HPT), sick preterm (SPT), and healthy full-term (HFT) infants. Infants were tested at five time points: 40 weeks postconception (newborn) and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age post-term. The intent of the study was two-fold: to determine whether there are developmental differences among the groups of infants and whether the differences persist during the first year of life. Results indicate that HFT and HPT infants score higher than SPT infants in the neuromotor categories of: muscle tone, upper extremity development, head control, and neuromotor outcome rating. HFT infants scored higher than both preterm groups in: trunk rotation, reaction to movement, visual and auditory attention, and fixing. Differences persisted among the groups during the first year of life in the following: the developmental motor ability of trunk rotation, fixing, adaptability, and the neuromotor outcome rating. It appears that neonatal health status is a contributing factor to infant neuromotor development, particularly in the quality of movement reactions. PMID- 3224577 TI - 24-hour behavioural states distribution in continuously fed infants. AB - This study compared the 24-h sleep states distribution in infants fed orally with separate meals with that in infants continuously fed from birth. Sleep was polygraphically recorded for 24 h in 12 infants (aged between 6 weeks and 14 months) continuously fed since birth through an intracaval catheter, and in 12 age-paired control infants. The amount of sleep states in each six 4-h epoch of the 24-h day was evaluated. A clear decrease of the sleep amount, concerning both Paradoxical Sleep and Quiet Sleep, was observed during the day-time in infants older than 4 months, independently from the feeding condition. This result does not support the role of feeding rhythm upon the early development of sleep pattern circadian distribution. PMID- 3224578 TI - Blood exchange transfusions in newborns, the effect on serum ionized calcium. AB - Serum levels of ionized calcium (CaF) were determined in 35 newborn infants subjected to blood exchange transfusion with citrated blood. Eleven of these were supplemented with calcium injections during and after the transfusion. No symptoms or signs accompanied the extremely low calcium levels noted during the exchange transfusion. Intravenous calcium administration often rendered transitory high serum concentrations of ionized calcium. The lowest and highest calcium levels noted during transfusion were 0.28 and 5.16 mmol/l respectively. Calcium levels normalized within 1 day after exchange transfusion without calcium therapy. Repeated exchange transfusions brought about progressively lower calcium values. PMID- 3224579 TI - Continuing morbidity in extremely low birthweight infants. AB - The pattern of lesser but continuing morbidity in the first 2 years was reported in 36 survivors who weighed 500-799 g at birth and in 83 survivors who weighed 800-999 g at birth. Over this period, there was one post-discharge death. Sixty one percent of children were rehospitalized, most commonly for respiratory tract disorders and surgical procedures such as aural ventilation tube insertion and inguinal herniorrhaphy. Their three most common medical disorders were otitis media (55%), wheezing episode (48%) and lower respiratory tract infection (29%). At 2 years of age, 44% remained below the tenth percentile for weight, 45% for height and 12% for head circumference. Other lesser morbidity included iatrogenic scarring, abnormal head shape and behavioural problems. Except for otitis media, survivors of 500-799 g birthweight did not have a significantly higher rate of neurodevelopmental impairment, health problems, rehospitalization, suboptimal growth or behavioural disorders, compared to those of 800-999 g birthweight. This study confirms the need for providing extremely low birthweight children and their families with a continuity of comprehensive medical care and social support after hospital discharge. PMID- 3224580 TI - Oesophageal motor activity and sleep state in the newborn human infant. AB - Oesophageal pressure and ventilation were recorded during sleep in healthy full term neonates with sleep state defined by one of two methods; in 35 infants by combined behavioural and electroencephalographic criteria, and in a further 13 infants by behavioural criteria alone. Spontaneous oesophageal contractions occurred in all infants during active sleep but rarely during quiet sleep. The transition from active to quiet sleep was accompanied by a gradual reduction in the frequency of these contractions. Oesophageal contractions associated with sighs and contractions shortly following interruption of breathing suggestive of swallowing were also significantly more common in active sleep. In 13 infants who showed periodic breathing the same differences in prevalence of spontaneous oesophageal contractions in each sleep state were observed. PMID- 3224581 TI - Long-chain n-3 fatty acids in breast milk of Inuit women consuming traditional foods. AB - The fatty acid composition of mature breast milk total lipids was analysed in milk from Inuit women living in a small Arctic community. Long-chain n-3 fatty acids were higher than in comparable samples from Vancouver residents. The data suggest that secretion of n-3 fatty acids in milk is influenced by the dietary intake of the lactating woman. The levels of these fatty acids in Inuit milk approximate those reported for the diet fat of adult Eskimo, and which have been associated with reduced plasma cholesterol levels and death from coronary heart disease. PMID- 3224582 TI - Antenatal screening for small-for-gestational-age, using risk factors and measurements of the symphysis-fundus distance--6 years of experience. AB - In a previous prospective study, we outlined a screening programme aiming at detection of a high-risk group for small-for-gestational-age (SGA) pregnancies. The present study evaluates this screening programme in all women delivering at the hospital in 1 year and in all women delivering SGA infants during a 6-year period. When screening for SGA, using symphysis-fundus measurements together with risk factors, the false positive rates were unacceptably high. When only using repeated measurements of the symphysis-fundus distance the results were more acceptable (sensitivity 59%, specificity 97%, positive predictive value 15%). Between 1980 to 1985, 18,604 live singleton infants were born. Altogether 156 infants were assessed as SGA (birthweight for gestational age less than -2 S.D.). Two antenatal records from SGA pregnancies were missing and in 14 pregnancies, antenatal detection of SGA would not have improved the prognosis of the infants (severe congenital malformations or preterm delivery due to maternal diseases). Thus, of 140 SGA pregnancies in focus pathological symphysis-fundus measurements occurred in 63%. It is concluded that by repeated measurements of the symphysis fundus distance, it is quite possible to form a high-risk group for SGA. In this high-risk group, including less than 4% of the pregnant population, the majority of SGA pregnancies are found. PMID- 3224583 TI - Perinatal mortality and mother's marital status at birth in subsequent siblings. AB - The effect of marital status on perinatal mortality is studied for births in Norway, 1967-1981, in terms of relative risk (RR) of unmarried vs. married mothers. The births were linked in units of sibships. At first birth, RR decreased from 1.86 in 1967-1971 to 1.32 in 1977-1981. At second birth the perinatal mortality varied greatly according to marital history with a RR of 2.03 when comparing sibships where mothers were unmarried at both pregnancies with mothers married at both pregnancies. Almost no excess risk was demonstrated for mothers that were married at second birth, but unmarried at first. These mothers appeared to have no excess risk even at the first birth in spite of being unmarried. The results suggest that marital status is still a risk factor to be considered, even in the Scandinavian countries where the marginal effect of marital status in recent years has been reported to be low. To an increasing extent, the high risk women, previously identified by marital status, are now hidden in a larger low risk group which apparently has more stable family relations, e.g. tending to be married at second birth. PMID- 3224584 TI - Mean blood velocities and flow impedance in the fetal descending thoracic aortic and common carotid artery in normal pregnancy. AB - A linear array pulsed Doppler duplex scanner was used to establish reference ranges for mean blood velocities and flow impedance (Pulsatility Index = PI) in the descending thoracic aorta and in the common carotid artery from 70 fetuses in normal pregnancies at 17-42 weeks' gestation. The aortic velocity increased with gestation up to 32 weeks, then remained constant until term, when it decreased. In contrast, the velocity in the common carotid artery increased throughout pregnancy. The PI in the aorta remained constant throughout pregnancy, while in the common carotid artery it fell steeply after 32 weeks. These results suggest that with advancing gestation there is a redistribution of the fetal circulation with decreased impedance to flow to the fetal brain, presumably to compensate for the progressive decrease in fetal blood PO2. PMID- 3224585 TI - Fetal cardiac and motor responses to octave-band noises as a function of central frequency, intensity and heart rate variability. AB - Accelerative and decelerative cardiac responses and motor responses (leg movements) of 37-40 weeks (G.A.) fetuses are analyzed as a function of the frequency of three octave-band noises (respectively centered at 500 Hz, 2000 Hz and 5000 Hz) and of their intensity level (100, 105, 110 dB SPL, ex utero), during high (HV) and low (LV) heart rate (HR) variability pattern states. In both states, increasing the frequency and/or the intensity of the acoustic stimulation: (i) increases the ratios and amplitudes of accelerations, and the motor response ratios, (ii) reduces deceleration ratios and motor response latencies. Cardiac and motor reactiveness are higher in HV than in LV with acceleration ratios always greater than motor ones. However, when a high intensity and/or frequency is used, the reactiveness differences between states disappears. Low intensity and/or frequency stimulation levels induce a majority of decelerations. PMID- 3224586 TI - The blood flow velocity waveform in the fetal internal carotid artery in the presence of hydrocephaly. AB - The pulsatility index in the fetal internal carotid artery was studied in the presence of bilateral symmetrical hydrocephaly (n = 9) and unilateral hydrocephaly (n = 4). An elevated pulsatility index was demonstrated in five cases (38.5%) suggesting increased resistance to cerebral blood flow. In unilateral hydrocephaly a marked difference in pulsatility index was established between the normal and affected side. No relation could be established between the pulsatility index level and severity of ventriculomegaly or postnatal outcome. Both ventriculomegaly and increased intracranial pressure may play a role in the observed rise in pulsatility index. PMID- 3224587 TI - [Effect of agonists and antagonists of the adrenergic system on the synthesis of steroid hormones in the corpus luteum and placenta of rats]. PMID- 3224588 TI - [Effect of oxytocin on steroidogenesis in the rat ovary and placenta during the placental phase of pregnancy]. PMID- 3224589 TI - [5-alpha-reductase activity in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of rats in various stages of pregnancy]. PMID- 3224590 TI - The effects of long term methotrexate therapy on the gonadal function and morphology. PMID- 3224591 TI - [Effect of hypercalcemia and calcitonin on changes in the left-ventricular systolic time interval and T3 and T4 secretion in hyperthyroidism and euthyroid goiter]. PMID- 3224592 TI - Adrenocortical cells of the rat show no preference for utilization of either free or esterified HDL-cholesterol in corticosterone formation. PMID- 3224593 TI - [Autoantibodies of the G and M classes directed against eyeball antigens in patients with Graves-Basedow disease]. PMID- 3224594 TI - [Effectiveness of intravenous administration of methimazole in patients with thyroid crisis]. PMID- 3224595 TI - [Effect of gonadectomy and supplementary treatment with mesterone on the adrenal cortex of male albino rats]. PMID- 3224596 TI - Pharmacologic responsiveness of rat parenchymal strips, bronchi, and bronchioles. AB - It has been inferred from previous studies that leukotrienes C4 and D4 preferentially exhibit their effects on peripheral airways. Thus we used LTC4 to examine the responsiveness of parenchymal strips, lung preparations often used as in vitro models of airway function, and to compare the responses with those observed in a preparation of isolated peripheral airways. In these studies, the effects of LTC4 on isolated bronchioles of the rat were compared to responses observed in parenchymal strips and primary intrapulmonary bronchi. Parenchymal strips contracted in response to increasing concentrations of LTC4 and to a single concentration of bethanechol. When the maximum responses were normalized to that induced by membrane depolarization, it was found that the parenchymal strip was more responsive to the leukotriene. Primary intrapulmonary bronchi similarly contracted in response to LTC4; however, the intrapulmonary bronchi were much more responsive to bethanechol than to the leukotriene. The bronchioles were not responsive to LTC4 but did contract in response to membrane depolarization and on exposure to bethanechol. When normalized, the responsiveness of the bronchiole to bethanechol was significantly greater than the responsiveness of the bronchi to this agonist. Thus contraction of the rat parenchymal strip to LTC4 cannot be attributed to the direct effects of this agonist on bronchiolar smooth muscle. We conclude that the bronchiole of the rat is not responsive to LTC4 and that the contractions observed in the parenchymal strip in response to this agonist must result from a mechanism other than direct action of LTC4 on peripheral airway smooth muscle. PMID- 3224597 TI - Response of the tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance system to repeated irritant exposure: effect of sulfuric acid mist on function and structure. AB - This study was designed to determine quantitative and temporal alterations in tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance function and structure due to repeated inhalation exposures to a common irritant, sulfuric acid mist. Rabbits were exposed to 250 micrograms/m3 sulfuric acid (0.3 micron) for 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for up to 1 year, with some animals allowed a 3-month recovery period following the end of the acid exposures. Control animals received temperature- and humidity conditioned water vapor. At intervals of 2 to 4 weeks, animals inhaled a radioactively tagged tracer aerosol (ferric oxide microspheres, 4.5 micron), and its clearance via mucociliary transport from the thorax was monitored by external serial counting. Clearance became slower during the first month of acid exposure, and this slowing became progressive with time through the end of the 12-month exposure period. After cessation of acid exposure, clearance became extremely slow and did not return to normal by the end of the follow-up period. To assess specific histological changes in the tracheobronchial tree, groups of rabbits were killed after 4, 8, or 12 months of exposure and after the follow-up period. Tissue samples from each lung were embedded in plastic, sectioned at 3 micron, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB/PAS). Acid exposure changed the airway diameter distribution compared to the control; except for the follow-up group, all acid-exposed animals had a shift to smaller airways. Acid inhalation also caused an increase in epithelial secretory cell density and a shift from PAS to AB staining of glycoprotein within secretory cells, both of which were unresolved by 3 months after the exposures ceased. No evidence of inflammation was found in any of the animals. Thus, repeated exposures to H2SO4 resulted in a slowing of mucociliary clearance that was associated with alterations in airway morphometry and morphology. Such changes may be involved in the early pathogenesis of chronic airway disease. PMID- 3224598 TI - An 18-month study of the effects on hamster lungs of intratracheally administered human neutrophil elastase. AB - A study was made of the evolution of emphysema and airway injury induced in the lungs of male golden Syrian hamsters by a single intratracheal injection of 350 micrograms human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Saline control and HNE-treated groups of 8 animals were studied 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months posttreatment. HNE treatment caused a significant increase in all lung volumes and a significant decrease in maximum expiratory flows at all study times. The mean linear intercept (MLI) values of the left lung were significantly increased over control values. There was no progression with time in MLI values, lung volumes, or lung compliance. Secretory-cell metaplasia was present at 1 month and persisted throughout the study. The HNE-treated lungs showed clusters of ferric iron-containing macrophages in the terminal airspaces. The amount of iron in the lungs, determined morphometrically, was greatest at 1 month, was decreased by 6 months, and then did not change further to 18 months. At 18 months the amount of iron was still significantly above control amounts. We conclude that the airway and parenchymal lesions induced by HNE persist without progression for 18 months. Clearance of ferric iron, which was probably a result of the hemorrhage induced by HNE treatment, continued for 6 months with no evident subsequent clearance. PMID- 3224600 TI - Recent advances in childhood epilepsy. Symposium to the 17th International Epilepsy Congress. Jerusalem, Israel, September 1987. PMID- 3224599 TI - Matrix deposition and extracellular processing of newly synthesized collagens in the isolated perfused rat lung. AB - We have examined the matrix deposition and proteolytic processing of newly synthesized interstitial and basement membrane collagens in the isolated perfused adult rat lung. Isolated, perfused, and ventilated lungs were labeled for up to 4 h with radiolabeled proline. Collagens were partially purified from homogenates by salt fractionation and ion exchange chromatography and examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The major collagenous species were identified as types I, III, and IV collagen by peptide mapping and indirect immunoprecipitation assays. Whereas extraction with neutral salts recovered radiolabeled types I and III collagen, extraction of the neutral salt residue with 2 M guanidine-HCl preferentially recovered types III and IV collagen. Reextraction of the guanidine-HCl residue in the presence of dithiothreitol selectively recovered type IV procollagen (PC) and covalently cross-linked aggregates of type IV chains. In pulse-chase experiments we observed extensive conversion of type I PC to collagen during a 4-h chase. Although type III PC was efficiently converted to p-collagen, only small amounts of fully processed chains were identified. Type IV PC did not undergo detectable proteolytic processing. The isolated perfused rat lung should prove useful for further studies of lung collagen metabolism. PMID- 3224601 TI - Cigarette smoking and the thermic responses to isocaloric meals of varying composition and palatability. AB - The 4-h thermic responses to glucose and a liquid formula meal (Study 1), and to a solid food 'breakfast' meal and the liquid formula meal (Study 2) were measured in a group of young weight-stable female subjects. The groups recruited for the two studies consisted of nine smokers and seven non-smokers (Study 1) and six smokers and eight non-smokers (Study 2). The habitual smokers presented after a 12-h abstention from cigarettes but were permitted to smoke following the meal; their thermic responses were thus due to the combined thermogenic effects of smoking and feeding. The mean thermic responses to all three types of meal were greater for the smokers than for the non-smokers, and the magnitude of this difference was similar irrespective of the type of meal given (range 52 kJ-70 kJ). The thermic responses to the liquid formula meal tended to be greater than those to an isocaloric glucose load for smokers and non-smokers (Study 1). In Study 2, the increase in energy expenditure occurring during the first hour following the 'breakfast' meal was consistently greater than the 1-h response to the liquid formula meal. The larger thermic response to feeding to all three meal types observed in the groups of smokers when compared with non-smokers, is attributed to the actions of cigarettes smoked (mean 4.6) during the period of measurement. It is concluded that whilst the thermic response to feeding is augmented in cigarette smokers this increase is an additive effect and is independent of the size and nature of the thermic effect of the meal. PMID- 3224602 TI - Antioxidants, enzyme induction, and chronic pancreatitis: a reappraisal following studies in patients on anticonvulsants. AB - Our published dietary and pharmakokinetic studies in 15 patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis and 15 age- and sex-matched controls suggested that a combination of subnormal antioxidant intakes and chronic induction of the cytochromes P450 facilitates the pancreatic problem. We have now attempted to determine the relative importance of these two factors by studying a group of 15 institutionalized patients with epilepsy (EP), but without abdominal pain, who were on long-term treatment with anticonvulsant inducers of cytochromes P450 so that their clearance of theophylline (which reflects cytochromes P450 activities, and thereby provides an index of antioxidant demand) was as high as in the patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) (mean +/- s.d., 123 +/- 59 ml/kg/h versus 120 +/- 62 respectively), and significantly higher than in controls (74 +/- 16 ml/kg/h, P less than 0.02). Canonical variate analysis of the drug kinetic and dietary data provided two functions with which to separate the three groups. The first function, heavily weighted on selenium, separated the controls from the other two groups whose values were lower; the second function, equally weighted on methionine and vitamin C, separated the EP group from the CP group whose values were generally lower. The results suggest that enzyme induction per se is not the critical factor in the development of CP. Instead, suboptimal availability of antioxidants in the face of increased demand--in particular of those substances that protect cells against non-biological free radicals--may be the key consideration, a deduction reinforced by observations in patients with epilepsy who went on to develop chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 3224603 TI - Influence of dietary sodium intake on urinary calcium excretion in selected Irish individuals. AB - The relationship between dietary sodium intake (as assessed by the 24-h urinary excretion of sodium) and urinary calcium excretion was examined in a selected group of free-living Irish individuals (n = 94), under conditions in which the completeness of urine collections was assessed. Results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between 24-h urinary sodium and calcium excretion for males (r = 0.56, P less than 0.001) and females (r = 0.35, P less than 0.01). In addition, linear regression analysis indicated that mean 24-h urinary calcium excretion increased by 39 mg and 26 mg for a 1 g increment in sodium intake for males and females, respectively. The relationship between dietary sodium intake and urinary calcium excretion was also examined in 12 healthy young adults under controlled dietary conditions. Urinary sodium and calcium excretion values over 24 h were positively correlated for males (r = 0.44, P less than 0.05) and females (r = 0.80, P less than 0.001). However, the relationship was only statistically significant for 5 of the 12 subjects when the data were analysed on an individual basis. Results of this study suggest that salt intake may be an important determinant of urinary calcium loss in certain individuals and, as such, may be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. However, further studies are required to establish whether low salt intakes have a beneficial effect on calcium balance in free-living individuals. PMID- 3224604 TI - Assessment of sodium and potassium intakes. AB - The sodium, potassium and creatinine contents of three non-consecutive 24-h urine samples collected by 34 selected adult individuals (10 m; 24 f) living in Cork City were determined. The pooled mean 24-h excretion of sodium and potassium in collections adjudged to be complete were 152 mmol and 78 mmol, respectively. There was no significant difference between group average weekday and weekend-day excretion of Na or K, for either males or females. This suggests that weekend 24 h urinary collections, which most subjects find more convenient, are suitable for studies of sodium and potassium intakes of groups. The ratios of intra- to inter individual variation for 24-h urinary sodium were 1.4 and 2.1 for males and females, respectively. The corresponding ratios for 24-h urinary potassium were 6.6 for males and 4.9 for females. These ratios indicated that there were large individual day-to-day variations in urinary sodium and potassium excretion in this group. It was estimated that a sample size of 35-60 individuals would be required to estimate group mean sodium and potassium intakes by means of single 24-h urine collections. PMID- 3224605 TI - Food consumption patterns and bowel movements of final-year nursing students in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: an implication for applied nutrition in the nursing curriculum. AB - A study was made of the food consumption patterns and bowel movements of final year Nigerian nursing students. The percentage frequencies for refined carbohydrates, animal protein and fats were higher than those for legumes and fruits which are rich in fibre. Of the 115 participants, 31 per cent had less than four bowel movements per week. Knowledge of the role of nutrition in preventing chronic non-contagious diseases was poor. It is suggested that more should be done to make the public aware of the role of diet in the aetiology, treatment and prevention of degenerative diseases and that a course of applied nutrition should be included in the nursing curriculum. PMID- 3224606 TI - Nutritional intake of pre- and postmenopausal Australian women with special reference to calcium. AB - Dietary factors, in particular calcium intake, have been implicated as risk factors in the aetiology of osteoporosis. In Australia there are few published data on the calcium intake of either premenopausal or postmenopausal women. The dietary intakes of calcium and 14 other nutrients were measured in 82 premenopausal and in 65 postmenopausal Caucasian women aged between 23 and 75 years. We found that 75 per cent of the postmenopausal and 61 per cent of the premenopausal women failed to meet the Australian recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for calcium of 1000 mg and 800 mg/d respectively. Moreover, 29 per cent of the postmenopausal women consumed less than 500 mg/d of calcium. Other nutrients including zinc, magnesium and iron were also deficient for many subjects. These data are relevant to the evaluation of dietary factors in the aetiology of osteoporosis. PMID- 3224607 TI - Myoma uterus as a marker of oncogynecological pathology in pre- and post menopause. AB - Development and (or) growth of myoma uteri in pre- and post-menopause is accompanied by hyperestrogenia which is shown by histological investigation of the endometrium and the ovaries. A comparative clinical and morphological study of 853 patients with myoma uteri, 996 patients with glandular, atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma was carried out. Benign tumors of the ovaries were revealed in 9.5% of patients with myoma, 12.7% of patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and 19.8% of patients with endometrial cancer. A significant increase of the occurrence of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal patients with myoma, in comparison with patients in the reproductive period was determined, 13.4% and 1.1% respectively, P = 0.01. In postmenopause "growth" of the tumor was more often and significantly simulated by malignant disease of the uterus and adnexa. In postmenopausal patients with myoma and uterine bleeding, endometrial carcinoma was 5.5 times more often revealed in comparison with the analogous group of patients in the reproductive period. The "relative risk" of the development of endometrial cancer, sarcoma uteri and ovarian tumors was calculated. The "relative risk" was shown to increase in the postmenopausal period. In the processes of observation of patients with myoma in postmenopause, cytological investigation of endometrial aspirates, ultrasound and mammographic screening should be carried out. PMID- 3224608 TI - Micronuclei test in routine smears from uterine cervix. AB - Micronuclei are intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies formed from chromatin fragments or whole chromosomes. Their presence in cells is a reflection of chromosomal aberrations during cellular mitosis. The micronuclei in exfoliated cells of the cervix have been suggested to represent a marker of their malignant potential. The Authors present a study with a micronuclei test carried out on cervical smears. Moderate and severe dysplasia revealed a slightly higher frequency of micronuclei than the inflammatory and mild dysplasia. The Author suggest that the rising frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated cervical cells reflects a sustained mutagenesis in cervical epithelium. PMID- 3224609 TI - Endocervical adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical characterization. AB - The presence of cytokeratins, IgA, alphafetoprotein (AFP), beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA) were immunohistochemically researched with a PAP method in 19 cases of endocervical adenocarcinoma. AFP and HCG were always absent, while the low and median molecular weight cytokeratins were present in 18 case (95%). These findings confirm the hypothesis of the tumoral histogenesis from the reserve cell of the endocervical epithelium. In 11 case (60%) there was a strong positivity of IgA in the lymphocytes surrounding the tumor nests, in the neoplastic cells and in the endoglandular secretion: this may represent a sign of an immune response of the patients to the tumoral antigens. CEA was present in 8 cases and EMA in 12 cases, with a unique expression: CEA positive cases showed no evidence of EMA and case with EMA positive cells were negative for the presence of CEA. Only in one case CEA and EMA were contemporaneously present. The possible interpretation of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3224610 TI - An up-dating on oncologic colpocytology. AB - The mortality rate from cervical cancer has notably decreased above all in those places where aggressive Papanicolaou smear screening programmes have taken place. In other countries, where an organized screening programme has not taken place, there has been an increase in mortality from cervical carcinoma. Beyond the global effectiveness of cervical screening, the problem today is in the choice of women to be screened and the frequency of tests in women who have had previous negative results. In today's sexually permissive society many women are at risk for developing cervical cancer: therefore screening policies will need to be constantly reviewed to recruit, in the immediate future, most women into a screening programme (especially those between 35 and 65 who have never been screened). With regard to the problems of screening frequency, the annual interval would seem more adapted to today's society both because it has now become a habit for many women, and just because so many women are at risk. Centrally organized screening programmes, diffusion of colposcopy, improved clinical follow-up of patients (in case of abnormal cytologic and colposcopic findings) will undoubtedly contribute to better prevention. PMID- 3224611 TI - Polychemotherapy and second-look laparotomy in the management of the ovarian cancer. AB - Polychemotherapy has proved to be a method of choice in the management of the ovarian cancer. The second-look operation helps exact estimation of the patient's conditions after chemotherapy. Our experience shows that chemotherapy improves the mobility of the malignant neoplasm. As yet we have not decided on the optimal time of reoperation of the residual tumours. For now, we have been performing it after 3-4 trials of the intermittent polychemotherapy. The dilemma has still remained when to stop the treatment of polychemotherapy after positive second look operation and whether to apply the third-look approach. Our experience suggests that non-differentiated malignant tumours require more aggressive chemotherapy while compared with the differentiated tumours of the same stage. PMID- 3224612 TI - Preneoplastic lesions and prognostic factors of breast cancer. AB - The Authors have investigated preneoplastic lesions and the problem of the identification of benign lesions considered with or without preneoplastic potential, comparing for the occasion the presence of transformation markers in these lesions with the positivity of tumor markers in neoplastic tissue. The dosages have been valued on neoplastic tissue (180 cases), dysplastic tissue (50 cases), on cystic fluid (70 cases), and on nipple discharge (80 cases). The data obtained show a marked positivity to the tumor markers and the ionic and hormonal content (K+, Na+ DHEAS, PRL evaluation). The positivity of some lesions, not properly preneoplastic (or atypical) towards some markers of neoplasia could show some differences of great interest between benignity and malignity. PMID- 3224613 TI - The place of pelvic exenteration in surgical management of advanced and recurrent pelvic tumors. AB - A series of 28 exenterations for advanced pelvic tumours is presented. The operative mortality (within 90 days) was 17.8%. The actuarial survival (expressed as a two-year disease-free interval) was 35.7%, and better in cases with negative lymph nodes. The types of urinary and bowel diversions adopted are discussed in terms of longer survival. PMID- 3224614 TI - Urological problems and quality of life after treatment in early cervical cancer. AB - Urinary complications after treatment of gynaecological cancer are inevitable. Part of these complications have to be understood as the price in the balance cost/benefit of the treatment itself. Among these the functional vesical alterations are the most important because they compromise the quality of life. The Author reports the results of the urodynamic evaluation in pre- and post operative phases in a case series of oncological patients treated with personalized radical surgery. The major functional alterations are noticed in the vesical dysfunction. The author concludes that a personalization of surgical therapy related to the surgical stage is necessary in order to prevent urological complications. PMID- 3224615 TI - Electromyography of anal sphincters after radical gynecological surgery. AB - In this study, the Authors report their own experience in electromyography of anal sphincters. The clinical evaluation concerns a clinical series of 14 patients suffering from carcinoma of the uterine cervix at SPS stage A and B, and undergoing a personalized radical hysterectomy during 1986. The protocol included a preoperative electromyographic and urodynamic evaluation and a post-operative re-evaluation 30-60 days after surgery. The pre-operative evaluation in both the urodynamic test and the electromyographic test showed bladder-urethral function in all the cases examined. The post-operative electromyographic evaluation was considered normal and did not show alterations in the sphincteral function in 9 cases (64.3%). In the remaining 5 cases (35.7%) the presence of sphincteral incoordination was shown. The analysis of the results shows that the use of electromyography, connected with the usual urodynamic study in gynaecological oncology, objectively recognises the sphincter-detrusorial situations characterized by dysuria and retention from a clinical-anamnestic point of view. PMID- 3224616 TI - Uncommon histological variants of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Report of two cases with immunohistochemical and ploidy studies. AB - Two cases of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary with uncommon histological features are here presented. The former showed considerable formation of giant, hCG-negative tumour cells. In the latter the clear cell pattern was admixed with smaller elements that resembled steroid-hormone secreting cells. However, these cells revealed negative immunostaining for testosterone and a higher degree of DNA content abnormalities than the clear cell component. PMID- 3224617 TI - Free functional musculocutaneous transfer: electrophysiological studies. AB - Transplanted autogenous muscles were electrophysiologically studied in 2 patients with forearm crush injury. Only fibrillation action potentials and positive sharp waves were seen at 1 month after the operation. Low-amplitude and short-duration muscular unit potentials (MUPs) appeared at 3 months and high-amplitude, long duration and polyphasic MUPs were frequently seen at 6-7 months after the transplantation. The distal latencies of the evoked motor responses were gradually shortened from time to time and eventually became normal at about 1 year after the grafting. The mean consecutive difference became normal at about 6 months after the normalization of the distal latencies. We conclude that the motor endplate is functionally completed at about half a year after the completion of the myelination of the grafted nerve. PMID- 3224618 TI - Visual involvement in Friedreich's ataxia: PERG and VEP study. AB - Neuro-ophthalmological assessment, including red-free light retinography, in conjunction with simultaneous visual evoked potential (VEP) and pattern electroretinogram (PERG) recordings were performed in 10 Friedreich's ataxia patients: 9 patients showed marked VEP abnormalities. Moderate PERG amplitude reduction, with normal latencies, was related to mild and scattered fiber loss revealed by red-free light retinography. The initial part of the visual pathways does not seem to be the main site of electrophysiological abnormalities as demonstrated by the greater extent and relative independence of VEP versus PERG alterations. Primary axonal degeneration of the optic nerve and tracts cannot account for all features of VEP abnormalities, thus implying some dysfunction in succeeding visual structures as well. PMID- 3224619 TI - Aphasic status epilepticus. AB - We studied a case of focal status epilepticus with aphasia as the sole manifestation, lasting 21 days. A 77-year-old woman developed aphasic seizures followed by aphasic status epilepticus 10 months after a left temporo-occipital hemorrhage. The diagnosis was made only after EEG, and seizures were stopped by anticonvulsant medication. Aphasic status epilepticus may be only a reflection of cerebral irritability, suggesting the possibility of a functional etiology for prolonged language disorders also in adults. PMID- 3224620 TI - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy of the posterior fossa in an AIDS patient: clinical, radiographic and evoked potential findings. AB - A 39-year-old intravenous drug user presented with dysarthria and a syndrome of the left cerebellar hemisphere. While in hospital, he developed progressive brainstem findings. Repeated CT scans revealed a lucency in the white matter of the left cerebellar hemisphere. Brainstem auditory and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials provided evidence of brainstem dysfunction without corresponding lesions on CT. Biopsy of the cerebellum established the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Postmortem examination revealed brainstem lesions appropriate to the evoked potential findings and a radiographically inapparent lesion in the right internal capsule. Based on this case and a review of the literature we conclude that: (1) PML occurs with significant prevalence in AIDS patients and may involve the posterior fossa; (2) the diagnosis of posterior fossa PML is suggested by certain clinical and radiographic criteria and may be confirmed by brain biopsy; (3) evoked potentials may be abnormal in PML and can reveal functional abnormalities of white matter without apparent CT abnormalities. PMID- 3224621 TI - Predictors of non-bedridden survival in dementia. AB - The present study examined non-bedridden survival in 105 patients diagnosed as demented (Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, mixed dementia) in a neurological ward. Follow-up observations were made. During the first year, the cumulative mortality rate was 69% compared to a rate of 44% in the second year. The initial disability stage, as assessed by the Dementia Disability Scale, was found to be the only significant predictor of non-bedridden survival. The type of dementia, age, type of diagnosis, and post-hospitalization placement in an institution have not been found to be significant predictors of this evolution. PMID- 3224622 TI - Sleep and oxyhemoglobin desaturation patterns in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. AB - A polysomnographic study with noninvasive oxyhemoglobin saturation (HbSaO2) monitoring has been conducted in 11 consecutive male nonobese subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patients with a high arterial CO2 level and markedly reduced functional residual capacity appeared to be more prone to undergo HbSaO2 desaturation during sleep compared to patients with less severe functional and clinical respiratory impairment. The HbSaO2 desaturations were mostly linked to REM sleep and appeared to be concomitant to the inhibition of the tone of the intercostal muscles. Regarding sleep architecture, the patients with less severe COPD and scarce or absent tendency to HbSaO2 desaturation during sleep showed light and fragmented sleep with a marked tendency to arousals and awakenings. PMID- 3224623 TI - Cranial computed tomographic and electroencephalographic abnormalities in children with post-hemiconvulsive hemiplegia. AB - Twenty-five children with post-hemiconvulsive hemiplegia, who had had epileptiform discharges on EEG, were followed for over 5 years. Twenty-two of them developed the hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome. The computed tomographic (CT) findings were: marked hemispheric atrophy in 13 cases; moderate or slight hemispheric atrophy in 4; focal atrophy or porencephaly in 4, and a normal scan in 4. The electroencephalographic (EEG) findings showed residual asymmetry of hemispheric amplitudes in 15 cases. Epileptiform discharges on EEG were found on the ipsilateral side (the damaged hemisphere) in 13 cases, the contralateral side (the undamaged hemisphere) in 9, and on both sides in 3. As to the correlation between CT and EEG abnormalities, 8 of 13 cases with marked hemiatrophy on CT had contralateral epileptiform discharges on EEG, and the converse was more pronounced: 8 of 9 cases with contralateral epileptiform discharges had marked hemiatrophy on CT. Contralateral epileptiform EEG abnormalities were observed in the patient with severe hemispheric brain damage. PMID- 3224624 TI - Normal pressure hydrocephalus in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Two elderly siblings with myotonic dystrophy (MD) were admitted with symptoms and signs of normal pressure hydrocephalus, the diagnosis being confirmed by CT scan and infusion test. A further 11 younger members of the family also had MD; in 2 of these, none of whom had cerebral symptoms, CT scan showed cerebral ventricular enlargement. Based on these findings, together with earlier reports on progressive cerebral ventricular enlargement in patients with MD, it is suggested that in some cases normal pressure hydrocephalus may be a late complication of MD. PMID- 3224625 TI - Auditory brainstem response patterns in familial and sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy. AB - Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) have been obtained in 22 patients, 15 with familial and 7 with sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy; 8 of them were pairs of siblings. ABR abnormalities have been found in 72.7%, with a significant higher percentage in familial versus sporadic patients. Similar ABR patterns have been obtained in affected members of the same family. No correlations have been found between ABR results and the following parameters: age, gender, disease duration, degree of clinical involvement and fashion of inheritance. ABR pattern did not show any modification over a follow-up period of 15-24 months. Our findings suggest that the involvement of the auditory pathways may be under genetic control. PMID- 3224626 TI - Relation of blood serotonin and benzylamine oxidase to clinical symptoms and prognosis in Parkinson's disease. AB - In 21 parkinsonian patients, we investigated the contents of blood serotonin (5HT) and benzylamine oxidase (BzAO) before and during L-dopa therapy. Then, we studied the patients prospectively, and evaluated the relationship between 5HT and BzAO and the clinical characteristics. The levels of blood 5HT and BzAO varied not only with the treatment, but also with the duration and clinical type of the disease. We postulated that in certain types of Parkinson's disease, the generalized defect of 5HT and enzyme metabolism might primarily exist, and might influence the efficacy of L-dopa therapy and the prognosis of the disease. PMID- 3224627 TI - REM sleep behavioral disorders. AB - REM sleep behaviors were recently described as wild, dream-enacting behaviors during REM sleep with loss of usual atonia on submental muscles. We examined 6 patients (5 M, 1F) with characteristic episodes of behavioral manifestations during REM sleep. Polysomnographic data indicate a decrease in first REM latency, an absence of stage 4 NREM, altered phasic motor activity and behavioral episodes during REM sleep even with normal chin muscle atonia. Three patients had Shy Drager syndrome, 1 olivopontocerebellar atrophy and 2 patients had no neurological disease. The crucial importance of a disinhibited locomotor system during sleep appears to be responsible for this REM parasomnia. PMID- 3224628 TI - Temporary deterioration of pulmonary functions after injection sclerotherapy for cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. AB - In 34 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices, a significant but temporary deterioration in pulmonary function tests occurred 24 h after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy using 5% ethanolamine oleate. Included were vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, closing volume/vital capacity and arterial oxygen content. Twenty-four hours after the sclerotherapy, the patients complaining of postinjection retrosternal pain had a larger fall in vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s than did the patients without pain. Before the injection sclerotherapy, 11 of 34 patients had an arterial hypoxemia (PaO2 less than 80 mm Hg). In these patients, there was a significantly (p less than 0.001) higher value of closing volume before sclerotherapy and there were larger changes in both closing volume (p less than 0.01) and arterial oxygen content (p less than 0.01) 24 h after the injection sclerotherapy than in the patients without hypoxemia. Reversion to a state before sclerotherapy was attained 7 days after the sclerotherapy. Thus, patients undergoing sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices should be closely monitored with regard to pulmonary function. PMID- 3224629 TI - Cimetidine and mucosal cell renewal in the duodenum. AB - Cimetidine may protect gastric and duodenal mucosa by increasing cell turnover. Mucosal cell turnover in the duodenum of 7 control rats receiving intraperitoneal injections of normal saline for 6 days was compared with 8 rats receiving cimetidine for 6 days (500 mg/kg/24 h). Cell proliferation was assessed by autoradiography after injection of tritiated thymidine. The 'leading edge' was defined as the highest tritium-labelled nucleus in the crypt-villus (D/V) column expressed as a percentage of the complete C/V column. Ten C/V columns were measured in each rat. The number of tritium-labelled nuclei in 10 complete C/V columns was also counted in each rat. In the controls the median leading edge was 74.8% (25% quartile 70.6%, 75% quartile 76.2%) and in the rats receiving cimetidine 73.4% (25% quartile 72.1%, 75% quartile 75.9%). The median labelled cell counts were 2,052 (25% quartile 2,008, 75% quartile 2,173) and 1,999 (25% quartile 1,822, 75% quartile 2,041), respectively. These differences were not significant (p greater than 0.1; Mann-Whitney U test). Duodenal mucosal proliferation was assessed in 19 rats 48 h after two subcutaneous injections of 20 mg cysteamine and in another 9 after the same dose of cysteamine plus cimetidine (500 mg/kg/24 h). The median leading edge was 90.1% (25% quartile 84.4%, 75% quartile 92.8%) in cysteamine-treated rats and 76.7% (25% quartile 71%, 75% quartile 79.9%) in rats receiving cysteamine plus cimetidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224630 TI - Pathophysiological sequelae of hepatic artery ligation: an experimental study. AB - The effects of ligation of the proper hepatic artery were studied in 40 rats. The serum transaminase and bilirubin levels were elevated significantly at 24 h following surgery but had returned to normal by the 7th postoperative day. The serum albumin level was significantly reduced at 24 h and remained low for a further 2 weeks. There was no histological abnormality in the liver following hepatic artery ligation. It would appear that there is an early return to normal function following hepatic artery ligation. PMID- 3224631 TI - Effect of superoxide dismutase on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat: a biochemical monitoring. AB - Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of postischemic liver injury. High-dose superoxide dismutase (SOD), a radical scavenging enzyme, has been investigated in a rat model of liver ischemia reperfusion by biochemical monitoring. Blood vessels to the median and left lobe were clamped for 1 h and then reperfusion was allowed. The indices used were serial venous blood levels of AST, ALT, calcium, and ATP determination in liver tissue. In SOD-treated animals (7,5000 U i.v.) a significant attenuation of the rise in enzyme levels was observed as well as the absence of the decrease in calcium level in the early phase after reperfusion as compared with control rats, and furthermore ATP restoration was significantly increased. PMID- 3224632 TI - Effect of gallstones on pancreatic acinar cells. An ultrastructural study. AB - This paper attempts to demonstrate the influence of gallstones, from different locations, on ultrastructural changes in pancreatic acinar cells. Forty-two gallstone patients with no record of clinical pancreatitis are the subjects of this study. Of these patients, 14 have cholecystolithiasis, 14 have choledocholithiasis, and 14 have primary hepatolithiasis. The findings reveal the following ultrastructural alterations of the pancreatic acinar cells: dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of lipid droplets, an increase of autophagic vacuoles, residual bodies and myelin figures, alteration of electron density of zymogen granules, and alteration of mitochondria. All these ultrastructural changes are similar to those of clinical acute pancreatitis. With three locations of calculi, these different kinds of gallstones have a similar affect on the fine structure of pancreatic acinar cells, and these changes occur regardless of the size of the common bile duct and the biochemical data. This suggests that irrespective of the location of the gallstones, subclinical cellular injury to acinar cells is caused. PMID- 3224633 TI - Secondary sclerosing cholangitis: an experimental study. AB - An experimental study on rabbit sclerosing cholangitis (SC) secondary to direct injection into the biliary tract of the chemical substances commonly employed for intraoperative sterilization of the hydatid cyst content is reported. Among the various substances utilized, 10% formalin and 30% hypertonic solution caused gross and microscopic lesions compatible with less advanced forms of sclerosing cholangitis. The authors present their hypothesis on the development of SC in operated hydatid cysts of the liver. PMID- 3224634 TI - Fibrinogen prepared from small blood samples for autologous use in a tissue adhesive system. AB - The two-component tissue adhesive system where the one component is a concentrated human fibrinogen solution and the other component is a thrombin solution containing Ca2+ is becoming increasingly important in surgery. In the commercially available tissue adhesive, the fibrinogen is separated from pooled plasma. The risk of transmitting foreign immunogens and viruses, always present when foreign biological materials are used, will be eliminated if the fibrinogen is separated from the patient's own blood. A method using ethanol precipitation is described for preparing a concentrated fibrinogen solution from plasma separated from small amounts of blood. The method is fast, the final product can be obtained within 30-60 min after collection of the blood. The recovery is compared with the recovery obtained by separating the fibrinogen with ammonium sulfate precipitation and with cryoprecipitation. The method using ethanol is by far the most profitable, and the product is evaluated by experimental liver surgery in pigs. PMID- 3224635 TI - Differences in GABA activity between ethanol withdrawal seizure prone and resistant mice. AB - Withdrawal seizure prone (WSP) and withdrawal seizure resistant (WSR) lines of mice have been genetically selected based on the severity of handling-induced convulsions after identical chronic ethanol exposure. The present experiments showed that naive WSP mice were more sensitive than WSR mice to a subconvulsant dose of picrotoxin, bicuculline or pentylenetetrazole as measured by the ability of these drugs to exacerbate handling-induced convulsions. This may reflect a difference between lines in the GABA-chloride channel. The density and affinity of [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) binding sites, a cage convulsant which binds to the picrotoxin site on the GABA-chloride channel, was measured in the frontal cortex, remainder of the cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus. The binding properties of [3H]flunitrazepam and the potency of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to enhance flunitrazepam binding was characterized in whole brain samples. There were no differences between lines. The behavioral results suggest a role for the GABA-chloride channel in the differential ethanol withdrawal seizure behavior of WSR and WSP mice, but this is not due to changes in receptor densities or affinities. PMID- 3224636 TI - Orotate improves memory and enhances synaptic long-term potentiation in active avoidance behaviour in rats with perforant path stimulation as the conditioned stimulus. AB - Male Wistar rats were trained in an active avoidance task with stimulation of the perforant path with impulse trains of 15 Hz as the conditioning stimulus. Immediately after the first training session, methylglucamine orotate (225 micrograms), a memory improving drug, was injected intraventricularly. The retention of the learned behaviour was determined on the following day in a relearning session. Field potentials evoked in the dentate area by test stimuli from the perforant path electrode were recorded at different times after learning and relearning sessions to determine whether there were functional changes in the perforant path-granular cell synapses, which are involved in the conditioning pathway. Untreated control animals exhibited a so-called 'postconditioning potentiation', expressed as a long-lasting increase of both the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and the population spike of the granular cells of the evoked test potentials. This finding reproduces previously published results. Methylglucamine orotate-treated rats showed significantly more conditioned reactions in the relearning sessions compared with untreated controls and a significantly more pronounced potentiation of the population spike, whereas the postconditioning potentiation of the field EPSP remained unaffected by the treatment. When both the control animals and the methylglucamine orotate-treated rats were divided into subgroups of good and poor learners according to their learning scores from the first training session, differences between the effect of the drug became evident. In good learners, the treatment with methylglucamine orotate after the learning session slightly, but significantly, improved retention compared with that of untreated good learners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224638 TI - Effects of pinacidil on guinea-pig airway smooth muscle contracted by asthma mediators. AB - Pinacidil is a new antihypertensive, direct vasodilator drug which has been classified as a K+ channel opener. The present study demonstrated a concentration dependent relaxant activity of pinacidil in guinea-pig tracheal preparations. The potency and efficacy of pinacidil depended on the agent used to induce tracheal tone. Tracheal preparations with spontaneous tone or precontracted by different asthma mediators were completely relaxed by pinacidil. A high potency was found in spontaneously contracted preparations (EC50 = 7.8 x 10(-7) M). The EC50 values ranged from 2.3 to 5.4 x 10(-6) M in histamine-, PGF2 alpha- or LTC4-contracted preparations. When tone was induced by carbachol, the EC50 was 2.1 x 10(-5) M. In contrast, pinacidil produced incomplete relaxation and had a low potency in preparations contracted by 30 or 124 mM K+ Krebs solutions. This effect profile differed from that seen with beta 2-receptor agonists, xanthines and Ca2+ antagonists in guinea-pig trachealis and seems compatible with K+ channel opening as a primary mode of relaxation for pinacidil in airway smooth muscle. PMID- 3224637 TI - Antidepressant-like effects of (+)-oxaprotiline on a behavioral screen. AB - (+)-Oxaprotiline (1.25-10 mg/kg), a highly selective and stereospecifically acting norepinephrine (NE) uptake inhibiting drug, increased the reinforcement rate, decreased the response rate, and enhanced temporal discrimination in rats performing under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-s schedule of reinforcement similar to other antidepressant drugs. (-)-Oxaprotiline did not affect the reinforcement rate, response rate or temporal discrimination. Since the most prominent known difference between the oxaprotiline enantiomers is the greater potency for inhibition of norepinephrine (NE) uptake by the (+) enantiomer, the effects of (+)-oxaprotiline in the present studies is probably due to inhibition of NE or epinephrine uptake. The present work also predicts that the therapeutic effects of oxaprotiline in the treatment of affective disorders is due to the (+) enantiomer. PMID- 3224639 TI - Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity along the nephron. AB - The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on adenylate cyclase activity in individual segments of the rabbit nephron was examined. VIP caused a significant increase in adenylate cyclase activity in the distal convoluted tubule and in the cortical and medullary portions of the collecting tubule. VIP also caused a concentration-dependent increase in adenylate cyclase activity in rat and dog collecting tubules. The results demonstrate that VIP has a direct stimulatory effect on tubular adenylate cyclase which may be involved in the increase in electrolyte excretion observed with VIP. PMID- 3224640 TI - Intrathecal injection of a kappa opioid agonist produces hyperalgesia in the guinea pig. PMID- 3224641 TI - Premotor and supplementary motor cortex in rhesus monkeys: neuronal activity during externally- and internally-instructed motor tasks. AB - We compared neuronal activity in the premotor (PM) and supplementary motor cortex (SM) of two rhesus monkeys as they performed two tasks. In an externally instructed task, a visuospatial instruction stimulus indicated which of two touch pads should be the target of a forelimb movement. In an internally-instructed task, the visuospatial stimulus was either irrelevant or not presented, but in either case the target alternated between the two touch pads in blocks of 20 trials each. In both tasks, the monkey withheld movement for a self-timed delay period. Neuronal activity modulation during the delay period (set-related activity) and immediately before movement (movement-related activity) was comparable in PM and SM, both in terms of the proportion of cells with both of those activity patterns and their depth of modulation. Thus, our findings do not provide strong support for a clear-cut functional division between PM and SM regarding the control of externally- and internally-instructed limb movements. Within PM, 57 out of 96 cells with set-related activity showed similar modulation during the two tasks, supporting the proposition that such activity contributes to the preparation for a limb movement. In 32 of the 39 PM set-related neurons that showed a significant activity difference between the two tasks, activity was greater in the externally-instructed task. This finding supports the hypothesis that set-related activity in PM contributes more to sensorially-instructed than to other movements. PMID- 3224643 TI - Afterimages: a collective term for percepts of different origin. AB - Exposure of the eye to a strong photoflash results in a so-called "afterimage", which may last for 20 min or longer. In contrast, the true afterimage, which fluctuates in brightness and is best seen in complete darkness, lasts only a few minutes. This true afterimage can be attributed to the strong oscillatory neuronal responses immediately initiated by the flash. Thereafter dark and light regions, insensitivity percepts, are observable against bright and dark backgrounds, respectively. These percepts can be adequately explained by a reversal of the response behaviour of rod and cone driven ganglion cells situated along the contour of the flash-exposed area. The slow recovery of the rods explains why insensitivity percepts can be seen for many minutes. PMID- 3224642 TI - Effects of convergent strabismus on spatio-temporal response properties of neurons in cat area 18. AB - Single-cell recording experiments were carried out to determine whether rearing kittens with surgically induced convergent strabismus (esotropia) alters the development of receptive field (RF) properties of neurons in area 18. In agreement with previous work on kittens with divergent strabismus (exotropia), there was a marked loss of binocularly driven cells in area 18 of esotropic cats. In contrast to the striate cortex of strabismic cats, the spatial properties of area 18 neurons, including receptive-field size and spatial frequency tuning, did not differ from those in normal controls. On the other hand, we found that contrast thresholds, measured at an optimal spatial frequency, were significantly elevated, and that the contrast gain in many cells was reduced in strabismic cats. These deficits were observed in both eyes, though the cells dominated by the deviating eye had a lower response amplitude at all contrasts. Furthermore, temporal frequency tuning curves were abnormal in strabismic cats in that the optimal frequencies and temporal resolutions were shifted to lower values. These effects were also bilateral. Velocity tuning, measured with a high-contrast bar stimulus, revealed that area 18 neurons in strabismic cats were unable to respond to very high velocities compared to normals. This reduced response was more severe when measured with the deviating eye in spite of the bilateral nature of the deficit. Finally, latencies to electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm or the optic radiation were significantly longer in strabismic cats. The magnitude of these effects was virtually the same for both eyes. From these observations, we conclude that the temporal properties of area 18 neurons, particularly the cells abilities to follow fast temporal modulations, are affected by raising kittens with surgically induced convergent strabismus. PMID- 3224644 TI - Carbachol effects on hippocampal neurons in vitro: dependence on the rate of rise of carbachol tissue concentration. AB - Nominally K-sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure carbachol (CCh) in order to study the dependence of muscarinic effects on CCh concentration and exposure time in guinea pig hippocampal slices. Interference presumably originating from tissue choline-compounds was neutralized by pre-equilibration of the slices with 500 microM choline and calibration of the CCh-sensitive microelectrodes in the presence of the same choline-concentration. Muscarinic depolarization and reduction of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) following a train of action potentials by bath applied CCh were monitored in granule cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons by intracellular recording. A fast bath application mode of CCh was designed, by which CCh tissue concentration reached a peak after 2-3 min and was washed out with a half time of about 8 min. After application of 30 nmol CCh in this way, the AHP was reduced according to the variation of CCh concentration over time. Neurons depolarized with some delay after the reduction of the AHP and started to repolarize 1 min before the peak of tissue CCh concentration (0.6 microM) was reached. Pirenzepine (1-10 microM) blocked only the depolarization, while atropine (1-10 microM) blocked both the depolarization and the reduction of the AHP. When superfusing with CCh containing saline, 80% of the final concentration was reached in the bath after 12 min, but in the tissue only after 45 min. The slow increase of tissue CCh concentration was concurrent with the slow decrease of the AHP. No effect on the membrane potential was observed. Atropine, but not pirenzepine, blocked the reduction of the AHP. Superfusion with a high CCh concentration (100-300 microM) containing saline depolarized neurons and reduced the AHP. Then pirenzepine repolarized neurons, whereas atropine both repolarized the cells and restored the AHP. It is concluded tha the muscarinic depolarization depends not only on the CCh concentration, but also on the rate of rise of CCh, while the reduction of the AHP depends solely on the concentration. This result is discussed in terms of the possibility that the depolarization is mediated by a short term desensitizing M1 muscarinic receptor subtype and the reduction of the AHP is mediated by a M2 muscarinic receptor subtype. PMID- 3224645 TI - The nucleus accumbens and forelimb muscular rigidity in rats. AB - The present set of experiments were performed to evaluate the role of the nucleus accumbens in the regulation of forelimb muscle tone. Rats were chronically implanted with cannulae aimed at the nucleus accumbens or the neostriatum and with EMG electrodes in the triceps or the gastrocnemius soleus muscle. The experiments were all performed in non-anaesthetised freely moving animals. The results show that haloperidol induced an increase in triceps muscle tone when injected into the nucleus accumbens but not when injected into the neostriatum. Likewise it was found that haloperidol induced an increase in gastrocnemius soleus muscle tone when injected into the neostriatum but not when injected into the nucleus accumbens. The increase in triceps muscle tone seen after intra accumbens haloperidol was only briefly attenuated by apomorphine, whereas phenylephrine produced a more long lasting antagonism. The present data show that in addition to the cortex, subcortical structures also appear to possess a certain topography, with forelimb rigidity being mediated, at least in part, by the nucleus accumbens, and hindlimb rigidity, at least in part by the neostriatum. In addition it appears that the effects of haloperidol in the nucleus accumbens on triceps muscle tone are primarily mediated by alpha 1 adrenergic receptors, although a minor role of dopamine D2 receptors cannot be fully excluded. PMID- 3224646 TI - Do muscle afferents contribute to the cervical response evoked by electrical stimulation of the median nerve in man? AB - The possible contribution of low threshold muscle afferents to the postsynaptic component (N13) of the cervical response evoked by electrical stimulation of the median nerve (MN) was investigated in normal subjects. Electroneurographic (ENG) and electromyographic (EMG) correlates of the reflex motoneuronal discharge (RMND) were recorded simultaneously. A. No reflex activity could be elicited by stimulation of the MN at the wrist, at least in the resting subjects, while well developed ENG (P2 efferent volley) and EMG (H reflex) monosynaptic responses occurred following stimulation of the MN at the elbow at suitable strengths. In neither case could a surface correlate of interneuronal activity evoked by muscle afferents be demonstrated. B. Recruitment curves showed that at stimulus intensities above maximal for the H reflex both P2 and H responses started to decrease until they completely disappeared, while N13 showed further enhancement. C. Subthreshold conditioning stimulation of the MN enhanced both P2 and H responses, while vibratory muscle stimuli provoked a clearcut suppression of these two responses. In contrast, N13 was completely unaffected by either manoeuvre. D. No cervical evoked activity could be detected following tendon tapping of the anterior forearm muscles in spite of the appearance of well developed cortical responses and the ENG and EMG correlates of the T reflex. E. Conditioning volleys elicited by tendon taps of the anterior forearm muscles suppressed both P2 and H responses following stimulation of the MN at the elbow without affecting the related N13 component. Conditioning supramaximal stimulation of the MN at the wrist suppressed the N13 component of the cervical response evoked by stimulation of the MN at the elbow without affecting the related reflex responses. No component chronologically related to the RMND could be recorded at the posterior neck region during suppression of N13, thus ruling out the possibility that failure to detect the RMND (as well as its interneuronal concomitants) with cervical electrodes is due to a masking effect of the N13 component. G. Conditioning tendon taps of anterior forearm muscles provoked a clearcut reduction of the primary cortical response to finger stimulation without affecting the postsynaptic component of the related cervical response. It is concluded that neither segmental (motoneuronal or interneuronal in origin) nor ascending postsynaptic impulses generated in the spinal cord by stimulation of low threshold muscle afferents contribute to N13, the latter being probably due to activation of both short and long axoned spinal neurons by cutaneous afferents. PMID- 3224647 TI - Modulation of lemniscal input during conditioned arm movements in the monkey. AB - Modulation of sensory transmission in the lemniscal system was investigated in 2 monkeys trained to perform a simple elbow flexion in response to an auditory cue. Evoked responses to peripheral stimulation were recorded in the medial lemniscus, sensory thalamus (ventral posterior lateral nucleus, caudal division, VPLc) and somatosensory cortex. Simultaneous recordings were made from the cortex and either the medial lemniscus or VPLc. At all recording sites, evoked responses to natural (air puff) or electrical, percutaneous stimulation were depressed prior to and during active movement. The time course of the depression was similar at all three levels; the magnitude of the decrease during movement was most pronounced at the cortical level. Cortical evoked responses to central stimulation of effective sites in either the medial lemniscus or VPLc were decreased during, but not before, the onset of movement. The decrease was less than that seen for peripheral evoked potentials. Passive movement of the forearm significantly decreased all but the lemniscal evoked potential. The results indicate that there is a centrally mediated suppression of somatosensory transmission prior to, and during movement, occurring at the level of the first relay, the dorsal column nuclei. During movement, reafferent signals from the moving arm decrease transmission at the thalamocortical level. PMID- 3224648 TI - Human amnion membrane matrix as a substratum for axonal regeneration in the central nervous system. AB - Human Amnion Membrane Matrix (HAMM) was used as a substratum for the regeneration of neuronal axons in the central nervous system. A large piece of HAMM was bound to nitrocellulose paper (NCP) as a supporting material, and cut into small strips. Aspirative lesions of the fimbria-fornix were made in adult rats leaving a cavity separating the septum from the hippocampus. In the same operation a small piece of HAMM-NCP was placed into the cavity with one end abutting the axotomized septum and the other end abutting the denervated hippocampus. At times between 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery the brains of the animals were examined histologically for 1) host response to the implant; 2) maintenance of HAMM-NCP in the originally implanted orientation; 3) growth of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive fibers on the HAMM; 4) growth of the AChE positive fibers into the denervated hippocampus; and 5) non-neuronal cells on the HAMM. The NCP remained in place over the 3-month period. In most cases the HAMM and NCP remained apposed and caused no greater reaction in the brain beyond that created in response to the aspirative lesion alone. AChE-positive fibers grew out from the septum onto the HAMM by 2 weeks, and by 8 weeks more extensive growth was observed on the HAMM. By 8-weeks, AChE fibers could be clearly seen coming off the membrane and entering the host hippocampus. By double-labelling for the basement membrane side of the HAMM (using anti-human laminin antibodies) and for cholinergic fibers (using AChE histochemistry) in the same sections, it was possible to see fibers clearly growing on the laminin-positive side of the HAMM but little or no growth on the opposing laminin-negative stromal side. The most important variables for extensive growth appeared to be the accurate placement of the implant and the amount of time following the lesions. The placement of the matrix on NCP prior to implantation in the brain made it easier to orient the membrane between the septum and the hippocampus, and seemed to assist in maintaining the membrane in that orientation. The HAMM represents a useful, regeneration-promoting grafting material for central nervous system repair studies. PMID- 3224649 TI - Adaptive modifications of postural attitude in conditions of weightlessness. AB - Adaptation of static posture was studied before, during, and after a 7-day space flight. Body segment orientations, body stability, and muscle activity underlying the reproduction of several postural attitudes were examined in various visual situations either with the shoes attached to the floor or during free floating. In standing or relaxed subjects whose shoes were attached to the floor, the tonic activity of the ankle flexor was enhanced relative to that in the same posture on earth, whereas the extensor activity disappeared. Errors in attempting to reproduce the normal terrestrial upright posture and a forward-leaning posture were accompanied by major changes in the synergies between neck, hip, knee, and ankle joints. These changes are mainly attributed to cumulative adjustments in response to nonvestibular signals such as tactile, articular, and proprioceptive cues. PMID- 3224650 TI - Electrotonic properties of neostriatal neurons are modulated by extracellular potassium. AB - In order to assess the effects of [K+]o on the passive membrane properties of neostriatal neurons, the cable properties of these cells were determined at two extracellular potassium concentrations (6.25 and 3.0 mM). The effect of tetraethylammonium (TEA) on cable properties was also studied at 6.25 [K+]o. At 6.25 mM [K+]o, the mean input resistance at the resting membrane potential (RMP), and the mean membrane time constant (tau o) were 27 +/- 1.5 M omega and 6.9 +/- 0.5 ms respectively (n = 17), while at 3 mM [K+]o they were 62.9 +/- 4.8 M omega and 14.3 +/- 0.6 ms (n = 15) (mean +/- SEM). With one of the methods used to calculate the electronic parameters, the total electrotonic length of the dendrites (L) and the dendritic to somatic conductance ratio (rho) were 1.3 +/- 0.05 and 5 +/- 0.8 at the higher [K+]o respectively, while they were 0.95 +/- 0.04 and 3 +/- 0.7 at the lower [K+]o. Cells were depolarized in 6.25 as compared to 3 mM [K+]o (RMP = -66 +/- 1.3 mV vs RMP = -80.5 +/- 1.4 mV). After one hour exposure to TEA (10 mM), the input resistance and time constant tripled at 6.25 mM [K+]o. TEA slightly depolarized the cells bathed in 6.25 mM [K+]o. The results suggest that changes in [K+]o, within the physiological range, markedly affect the cable properties of neostriatal neurons, possibly modifying subthreshold, voltage-dependent K+-conductances. TEA seems to block some of these channels. PMID- 3224651 TI - The corticosterone receptive system in the brain of Tupaia belangeri visualized by in vivo autoradiography. AB - The present investigation deals with in vivo binding of 3H-corticosterone in the brains of tree shrews as visualized by autoradiography. Tree shrews were injected with 3H-corticosterone and brain sections were mounted on slides which were subsequently exposed on tritium sensitive film. The relative labeling of 20 different brain structures was determined densitometrically. The indusium griseum, which demonstrated the highest binding for corticosterone of all brain regions in the autoradiograms, was taken as reference and defined as 100% relative labeling (RL). As in other species, the hippocampal subdivisions of the tree shrew retained high amounts of the steroid (60 to 80% RL). In other parts of the limbic system, medium labeling intensities were observed with approximately 40% RL in the lateral septum. The amygdala was less intensely labeled revealing around 30% RL in the basal accessory, the cortical, central, and the lateral nuclei. Autoradiographic grey values in the ventral striatum and pallidum were comparable to those in the amygdala, but in the islands of Callejae they were approximately as high as in the lateral septum (44% RL). In contrast to previous reports dealing with other species, the tree shrew cerebellum also demonstrated a high binding capacity for corticosterone. The RL was nearly 60% in the cerebellar granular layer. This finding may indicate that the cerebellum also plays a role in mediating the effects of corticosterone in the central nervous system. PMID- 3224652 TI - The effects of unilateral brain damage on visually guided reaching: hemispheric differences in the nature of the deficit. AB - Groups of patients suffering from unilateral damage to the left or right cerebral hemisphere were compared to a group of age-matched normal controls in a visually guided pointing task. Subjects were required to reach quickly and accurately to small visual targets as soon as they appeared on the screen in front of them. All reaches, which were quite unrestricted, were videotaped by rotary-shutter cameras and analyzed by a computer-assisted system which allowed analysis of the kinematic parameters of the movement in three-dimensional space. The groups were compared on the basis of their latency to initiate a reaching movement, the accuracy with which they achieved the target's position, and various measures derived from the instantaneous velocity of the movement. Both patient groups were found to be less accurate than controls and to require more time after the target was illuminated to complete the reach. But while the right-hemisphere group took longer to initiate a reach, the kinematic parameters of the movements they produced did not differ from those of the control group. In contrast, the left hemisphere group did not differ from the control group in the time required to initiate a reaching movement but did require a greater period of time to execute the reach once it had been initiated. It is suggested that the right hemisphere group were deficient in the speed with which they could determine the spatial position of the target, while the left hemisphere group were deficient in their ability to select an appropriate motor program to achieve the target position and/or to monitor the movement and update the motor program as it was being executed. PMID- 3224653 TI - Differential antiepileptic effects of the organic calcium antagonists verapamil and flunarizine in neurons of organotypic neocortical explants from newborn rats. AB - Effects of the organic calcium antagonists verapamil and flunarizine on pentylenetetrazol induced paroxysmal depolarizations were tested in organotypic neocortical explants taken from neonatal rats. In these in vitro experiments the papaverin derivative verapamil depressed, and finally abolished, epileptic discharges in all cases. The piperazine derivative flunarizine, however, which is known to suppress epileptic discharges in hippocampal CA3 neurons (Bingmann and Speckmann 1986), showed no significant antiepileptic effects in the explanted neocortical neurons. Thus, the present findings may indicate that the suppressive action of flunarizine on the generation of paroxysmal depolarizations is restricted to distinct populations of neurons. PMID- 3224654 TI - Somatosensory evoked potential correlates of psychophysical magnitude estimations for tactile air-puff stimulation in man. AB - Brief air-puff stimuli were applied to the volar surface of the right hand to obtain both psychophysical and neurophysiological responses. The detection threshold (So) was first determined (0.56 kg . cm-2 +/- 0.20 kg . cm-2, mean +/- SD) and six levels of the stimulus intensities (So + 0.25 kg . cm-2, So + 1.25 kg . cm-2, So + 2.50 kg . cm-2, So + 3.75 kg . cm-2, So + 5.00 kg . cm-2, and So + 6.25 kg . cm-2) were employed for magnitude estimation using the stimulus level of So + 2.50 kg . cm-2 as the standard stimulus. The subject was asked to estimate numerically the series of stimulus intensities randomly presented. Cortical SEPs were recorded over the hand sensory area in response to a set of 120 air-puffs at the identical intensity level. Thus SEPs for six sets of stimulus intensities given in a random order were obtained from each subject. Six components (N20, P27, N35, P45, N60, and P75) were recorded within 100 ms following stimulation. It was seen that a simple power function with an exponent of 0.81 could be an adequate description of the stimulus-response function for magnitude estimation, as was also revealed by the high correlation coefficient (r = 0.98). Similarly, stimulus-amplitude functions of different SEP components were well represented by straight lines in double logarithmic plots. The function of the early P27-N35 had the highest exponent (0.56) and also the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.91). Plotting subjective magnitude of the abscissa produced power functions similar to the stimulus-amplitude functions. However, higher correlations were observed for later components. The amplitudes of the four earlier components correlated with stimulus intensity when the effect of subjective magnitudes was removed. In contrast, the correlation between amplitudes and subjective magnitudes with stimulus intensity held constant was positive and significant for the later three components. These results may indicate that early SEP components represent neural coding of physical intensity while later components are more closely related to the subjective judgment of the stimulus. PMID- 3224655 TI - Fast head tilt has only a minor effect on quick compensatory reactions during the regulation of stance and gait. AB - Sudden tilts of the head to the front or rear were induced during stance, balancing, gait and during perturbations of gait. The most prominent response in the leg muscle electromyogram (e.m.g.) to head tilt occurred in the tibialis anterior muscle (latency about 55 ms) following a backward tilt induced during balancing. During stance and gait, the e.m.g. activity related to head tilt was only a minor component of the leg muscle activity normally occurring during gait. When the head tilt was induced shortly after a perturbation of gait (treadmill acceleration impulse), the compensatory reaction in the leg muscles did not significantly differ from that seen after the gait perturbation alone. In addition, the rate of acceleration of the head was tested against the compensatory e.m.g. responses: No correlation of influence could be discerned. The results indicate that sudden head tilts and the resulting head acceleration have little influence on the e.m.g. patterns that occur during gait and perturbations of gait. It is assumed that these patterns are regulated by central programs, and that the compensation for leg perturbation is achieved mainly by spinal reflex mechanisms. It is discussed whether the lack of head tilt responses is the result of an antagonistic vestibular-neck interaction, or whether it indicates a reduced effectiveness of vestibulo- and cervico-spinal reflexes during gait. PMID- 3224656 TI - A pharmacological distinction between the long and short latency pathways of the human blink reflex revealed with tobacco. AB - In three, normal, human subjects, tobacco smoking was used as a pharmacological probe to modify differentially the direct and indirect pathways underlying the blink reflex. The latency of the indirect R2 component of the orbicularis oculis electromyogram evoked by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal supraorbital nerve transiently increased 20-80% after smoking, while the latency of the shorter latency, direct R1 component remained constant. The magnitude of both components of the blink reflex transiently decreased. The data demonstrate that tobacco smoking can differentially alter the long and short latency components of the blink reflex, and suggest that these effects result from modifications of central pathways sensitive to nicotine. PMID- 3224657 TI - Surface anodal stimulation of human peripheral nerves. AB - Bipolar surface stimulation of human peripheral nerves with short square pulses elicits action potentials in the A-alpha fibers at the beginning of the stimulus pulse both at the cathode (cathodal stimulation) and simultaneously in a hypopolarized region surrounding the anode (anodal stimulation). When recording with a bipolar surface electrode on the "anodal side" of the stimulating electrode a stimulus of medium strength gives a double peak response of submaximal amplitude. The peak with long latency is generated by the cathode and the peak with short latency by the anode. With a strong stimulus and recording on the "anodal side" only the short latency peak (with a maximal amplitude) is recorded. With a weak stimulus only the long latency peak (with a submaximal or maximal amplitude) is seen. These findings have importance in standard neurography investigations since mistakes concerning the polarity of the stimulating electrode affect the calculation of latencies, nerve conduction velocities, F-responses and SEPs. A nerve action potential with dual peaks may also be mistaken as a sign of anomalous innervation or activation of nerve axon subpopulations. PMID- 3224658 TI - Behavior of floccular Purkinje cells correlated with adaptation of horizontal optokinetic eye movement response in pigmented rabbits. AB - Single unit spike activities of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar flocculus were examined during sustained horizontal sinusoidal oscillation (0.33 Hz, 2.5 degrees peak-to-peak) of a striped screen around an alert pigmented rabbit. The floccular area specifically related to horizontal reflex eye movement (H-zone) was identified by means of local stimulation that induced abduction of the ipsilateral eye. In control states, simple spike discharge of most of the H-zone Purkinje cells was enhanced by backward screen movement and depressed by forward screen movement, while complex spike discharge was modulated reciprocally. After one-hour sustained oscillation of the screen, the gain of horizontal optokinetic eye movement response (HOKR) increased by 0.16 on average. Correspondingly, simple spike modulation in most of H-zone Purkinje cells tested significantly increased in amplitude, while complex spike modulation tended to decrease. No such systematic changes were observed in other Purkinje cells. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the floccular H-zone Purkinje cells adaptively control the optokinetic eye movement through modification of the visual mossy fiber responsiveness under the influence of the retinal error signals conveyed by the visual climbing pathway. PMID- 3224659 TI - Corticonigral projections from area 6 in the raccoon. AB - The corticonigral projections from area 6 in the raccoon were investigated using the autoradiographic tracing method. Injections of tritiated proline and leucine were made into either medial or lateral area 6 subdivisions. Uniformly distributed silver grains were observed overlying the ipsilateral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) while more restricted foci of label indicative of fiber labeling were present in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Autoradiographic label was also present in the substantia nigra pars lateralis (SNl), the retrorubral area and the ventral tegmental area of Tsai. The existence of corticonigral projections from area 6 may serve to modulate SNc activity as a whole and provide an important substrate for the cerebral control of movement. PMID- 3224660 TI - The principle of "conservation of total axonal arborizations": massive compensatory sprouting in the hamster subcortical visual system after early tectal lesions. AB - Unilateral lesions of the right superior colliculus (SC) were made in hamsters on the day after birth. In order to quantify the extent of abnormal innervation by left eye fibers in the diencephalon and midbrain, the left eye was removed on postnatal day 12 or 36, and after an appropriate survival time, the brains were stained for degenerating axons and axon terminals with the Fink-Heimer method. In additional cases, anterograde transport of 3H proline-leucine or horseradish peroxidase was used to assess left eye connectivity. In agreement with previous reports we found abnormal projections in the ventral nucleus of the lateral geniculate body (LGv), in the lateral posterior nucleus (LP) of the thalamus, and in the left SC (the 'recrossing' pathway). We also noted areas of abnormally heavy terminal fields arranged in patches in coronal sections in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body (LGd). These patches arise from columns of dense innervation that are oriented along a rostral-to-caudal axis. If the right SC lesion was made large enough to diminish the recrossing pathway, retinofugal axons establish a significantly smaller distal terminal field in the left SC. In these cases, a corresponding increase in the size of terminal fields in all major proximal structures (LGd, LGv, LP, DTN) was observed. The sum of abnormal proximal growth ("compensatory sprouting") was found to truly compensate for the distal loss of terminals. The evaluation of hamsters in which left eye connectivity was assessed at the age of 12 days revealed that lesion-induced patches of abnormal growth have already reached their full size by that time. These findings provide evidence for the 'pruning-effect' and demonstrate that retinofugal axons support a fixed number of terminal arborizations (the principle of 'conservation of total axonal arborizations'). PMID- 3224661 TI - Dendritic invagination of developing optic tract axons in the hamster. AB - Between E15 and P4 in the hamster, axons of retinal ganglion cells in the optic tract over the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, are invaginated by, and make synaptic contacts with, small processes interpreted as tips or appendages of geniculate dendrites. In some cases a branch-like protrusion emerges from the axon at or close to the invagination. We hypothesize that the invaginations may be part of the mechanism by which retinocollicular axons are induced to branch and establish the retinogeniculate pathway. PMID- 3224662 TI - Synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms underlying low calcium bursts in the in vitro hippocampal slice. AB - 1. The epileptiform activity generated by lowering extracellular [Ca++] was studied in the CA1 subfield of rat hippocampal slices maintained "in vitro" at 32 degrees C. Extracellular and intracellular recordings were performed with NaCl and KCl filled microelectrodes. 2. Synaptic potentials evoked by stimulation of the stratum radiatum and alveus were blocked upon perfusion with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) containing 0.2 mM Ca++, 4 mM Mg++. Blockade of synaptic potentials was accompanied by the appearance of synchronous field bursts which either occurred spontaneously or could be induced by stimulation of the alveus. 3. Both spontaneous and stimulus-induced low Ca++ bursts recorded extracellularly in stratum pyramidale consisted of a negative potential shift with superimposed population spikes. This extracellular event was closely associated with intracellularly recorded action potentials rising from a prolonged depolarization shift. Steady hyperpolarization of the cell membrane potential decreased the amplitude of the depolarizing shift suggesting that synaptic conductance were not involved in the genesis of the low Ca++ burst. 4. Spontaneous depolarizing inhibitory potentials recorded in normal ACSF with KCl filled microelectrodes were reduced in size in low Ca++ ACSF. However, small amplitude potentials could still be observed at a time when low CA++ bursts were generated by hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. 5. Bicuculline methiodide, an antagonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was capable of modifying the frequency of occurrence and the shape of synchronous field bursts. The effects evoked by bicuculline methiodide were, however, not observed when 81-100% of NaCl was replaced with Na-Methylsulphate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224663 TI - Relationship between directed visual attention and saccadic reaction times. AB - Saslow (1967) and Fischer and Ramsperger (1984) found that saccadic reaction time (SRT) depends on the interval between the fixation point offset and the target onset. Using a continuously visible fixation point, we asked whether a similar function would be obtained if subjects attended to a peripherally viewed point extinguished at variable intervals before or after the target onset. The interval was varied between -500 ms (i.e., attention stimulus offset after saccade target onset = overlap trials) and 500 ms (i.e., attention stimulus offset before saccade target onset = gap trials). The results show a constant mean SRT of about 240 ms for overlap trials, and a U-shaped function with a minimum of 140 ms, at a gap duration of 200 ms, for gap trials. These findings suggest that saccadic latencies do not depend on the cessation of fixation per se, but rather on the disengagement of attention from any location in the visual field. The time required for subjects to disengage their attention is approximately 100 ms. This disengaged state of attention--during which short latency (express) saccades can be made--can be sustained only for a gap duration of 300 ms. At longer gap durations mean SRTs increase again. PMID- 3224666 TI - Significance of attentive fixation for the selection of saccade targets in different parts of the visual field of the rhesus monkey. AB - Two monkeys were presented with a task in which they were free to make a saccade to one of two simultaneously presented targets. The data from both animals show that the preference for one of the targets depends on at least two factors: (i) active and attentive fixation of the central fixation point at the time when the two targets occur; (ii) relative position of the two targets in the visual field. The results were different for the two monkeys with respect to the role of stimulus position in the visual field. However, both animals changed their preference systematically when the fixation point was turned off before the two targets occurred as compared to the case in which the fixation point remained visible. With respect to the paradigm (fixation point off versus fixation point on) the stimulus selection of either animal was constant throughout the several weeks of testing. PMID- 3224665 TI - Contribution of eye positioning to control of the upside-down standing posture. AB - The present study attempts to clarify the relationship between eye and body positioning during an upside-down standing posture on the hands. In this posture the head was observed to be stable and the eyes were anchored to an earth-fixed target. We measured the variations of body sway when subjects displaced their gaze upward or downward from their anchoring position. They did this voluntarily under instruction, and involuntarily by means of base-down or base-up wedge prisms. Results show that the anchoring point chosen by the subjects corresponds to a perceived limit of their body sway. They suggest that vision is also used to convey the desired optimal zone for the center of gravity in cases where fine balance is required. PMID- 3224664 TI - Evidence for a nicotinic component to the actions of acetylcholine in cat visual cortex. AB - Radioligand binding assays, receptor autoradiography and iontophoresis have been used to look for evidence of a nicotinic component to the actions of acetylcholine in cat visual cortex. [3H]Nicotine bound to a uniform population of high affinity binding sites in cat primary visual cortex. This binding was inhibited by nicotine agonists and antagonists but not muscarinic antagonists. The concentration of nicotinic binding sites was about 10% of that of muscarinic binding sites measured with [3H]N-methylscopolamine. The muscarinic sites were resolved into M1 and M2 subtypes. Quantitative receptor autoradiography showed that there were muscarinic sites in all layers, although they were least abundant in layer IV of area 17. In contrast, the nicotinic sites were most concentrated in layer IV in area 17. The concentration of this labelling was reduced at the 17/18 border and also at the 18/19 border. Layer I of the cingulate and suprasylvian gyri were also labelled. Electrolytic lesions of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) led to a loss of nicotinic binding sites in layer IV of area 17, indicating that these sites are most likely located on the LGN terminals. Iontophoresis of mecamylamine, a nicotinic antagonist, decreased evoked responses in visual cortex, providing evidence that the [3H]nicotine binding sites are functional receptors and suggesting that the release of acetylcholine onto these receptors on the LGN terminals facilitates the input of visual information into visual cortex. PMID- 3224667 TI - Rapid effects of adult-onset hypothyroidism on dendritic spines of pyramidal cells of the rat cerebral cortex. AB - We have previously shown (Ruiz-Marcos et al. 1980, 1982) that thyroidectomy (T) performed in rats at 40 days of age, well past the neonatal period of development, results by 80-90 days of age in a decrease of the number of spines along the shaft of pyramidal neurons with the cell body in layer V in the visual area of the cerebral cortex. We have here studied how soon after the operation an effect on spine number and distribution may be observed. We have found that the response of these neurons to T is very rapid: a decrease in the number of spines/shaft between T and age-paired controls (C) rats is statistically significant by the earliest period of observation, namely 5 days after T. These results may be related to those of Dembri et al. (1983) showing that T performed in adult rats decreases the activity of Type I RNA polymerase by 5 days after the operation. It is possible that T impairs the synthesis of some compound(s) necessary for the formation and maintenance of spines. The present results suggest that spine number is not a fixed structure of the apical shaft once brain development is over, but is in a state of continuous formation and degradation. We have further observed that the effect of T performed at 40 days of age is more pronounced in the distal part of the shaft than on the rest, a result similar to that found after neonatal T (Ruiz-Marcos et al. 1982). However, contrary to findings after early hypothyroidism, T at 40 days of age does not distort the distribution of spines along the shaft. PMID- 3224668 TI - Spatial relation of the acetylcholinesterase-rich domain to the visual topography in the feline superior colliculus. AB - The superior colliculus (SC) of the cat shows a prominent compartmentalized organization at the level of its intermediate layers. The mosaic of these compartments is apparent in the pattern of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining. Patches of high AChE-activity are sharply set off from surrounding areas in the caudal SC while they are less distinct anteriorly. The rostral part lacks such obvious compartments. Thus, a structural reorganization apparently cuts across the topographical representations spread out in the SC. In order to test if this compartmental gradient relates to the topographic maps of the colliculus, retinotopic landmarks were visualized in the superficial layers by labeling the retinotectal pathway. In the SC ipsilateral to the eye injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) a paucity of labeling indicated the zone representing the ipsilateral visual half-field. Serial reconstructions of collicular sections, cut longitudinally or tangentially, revealed that the non-compartmentalized part of the intermediate layers corresponds to the representation of the ipsilateral visual half-field in the layers above, while an intricate mosaic array of compartments prevail in tectal zones related to the representation of the contralateral visual half-field. PMID- 3224669 TI - Behavior evoked by electrical stimulation of the hamster superior colliculus. AB - Syrian golden hamsters were implanted with fixed or moveable stimulating electrodes aimed at the superior colliculus (SC). Behavior was observed in response to trains of 0.1 ms pulses at 200 Hz while the animals were moving freely in an open arena or in their home cages. At threshold stimulating currents, the responses consisted almost entirely of freezing or contraversive turning, which occurred in two forms: fast turns, resembling orienting movements to sunflower seeds, and slow turns that were smooth and continuous. Other responses, including head raising and lowering, ipsiversive turning and backing movements were seen occasionally. Increasing the stimulating current usually gave a variety of responses, including circling movements, prolonged freezing, ipsilateral movements and running escape behavior. The sites in SC giving freezes at threshold tended to be located superficially (SO and above), or deep (SGP and below), while sites giving turns were in the intermediate layers. Most freeze sites occurred in the rostro-medial SC that represents the upper visual field, while turn sites occurred predominantly in caudo-lateral SC. Apart from the turns, most of the stimulated responses resembled natural defensive behavior, supporting the view that SC in rodents plays a role in organizing responses to predators, as well as in orienting behavior. PMID- 3224670 TI - The responses of muscle spindles in the kitten to stretch and vibration. AB - Discharges of muscle spindle afferents from the soleus muscle were studied in kittens aged 1-21 days and in adult cats. Vibration applied longitudinally to the tendon elicited one impulse for each cycle of vibration over the range 1-200 Hz for the kittens and up to 450 Hz for the adult. Threshold amplitudes were generally higher in the kitten than in the adult. In response to large ramp and hold stretches applied at long muscle lengths kitten spindles showed rate saturation during the length change. Dynamic index, that is the peak rate during the length change minus the rate at the final length became progressively smaller at longer muscle lengths. No sign of saturation was seen at comparable muscle lengths in the adult. It is suggested that in the newborn the bag1 intrafusal fibre is not functional and that the dynamic response is produced only by the afferent terminals on the bag2 fibre. Another difference between kitten and adult was the length sensitivity measured under dynamic conditions. This increased much more steeply with stretch rate in the kitten. One possible explanation for the higher dynamic length sensitivity is a lack of elastic fibres surrounding intrafusal fibres of immature spindles. PMID- 3224671 TI - Predictive behavior of optokinetic eye movements. AB - Optokinetic nystagmus is often thought of as a "primitive" oculomotor response, while smooth pursuit is thought of as a "higher" one. We have used conditions that are usually thought of as eliciting optokinetic responses; i.e., large-field stimuli confined to the retinal periphery, and instructions to subjects to respond passively. In spite of this, the responses showed predictive behavior similar to that described for smooth pursuit. PMID- 3224672 TI - Postural responses to changing task conditions. AB - The experimental goal was to investigate discrepancies in the literature concerning postural adaptation and to determine if the prior presentation of horizontal perturbations affected the amplitude of responses to rotational perturbations. Surface EMG recordings from lower leg muscles (gastrocnemius (GAS) and tibialis anterior (TA)) were recorded in twelve subjects, and the amplitudes of the responses were statistically analyzed. We did not find differences between the responses to rotational perturbations which preceded or followed horizontal perturbations. This finding did not support the hypothesis that differences in the order of presentation of the different types of perturbations accounted for the discrepancies in the literature. Furthermore, our design did not show the progressive elimination of the GAS response within three to five sequential trials. Instead, we found a slow but significant response amplitude reduction over ten trials without yielding a permanent disappearance of the response. When analyzing the GAS responses to the rotational perturbations only, we found two components that contributed to the response reduction: 1) an initial reduction between trials one and subsequent trials, which could be due to habituation of a startle-like response; and 2) a second reduction which was more gradual. Our results also showed an immediate change in the response amplitude on the first trial, when the type of perturbation was changed. This is inconsistent with the view that ankle musculature stretch and joint movement are the primary inputs driving the postural responses. Since small ankle dorsiflexing rotations produced by the platform translations caused large GAS responses while large ankle dorsiflexing rotations produced by direct platform rotations caused small GAS responses, this suggests that multiple sensory inputs contribute to the responses. We propose that an initial compensation to a new perturbation type occurs within the first trial by the integration of these divergent sensory inputs. PMID- 3224674 TI - Human automatic postural responses: responses to horizontal perturbations of stance in multiple directions. AB - The effect of the direction of unexpected horizontal perturbations of stance on the organization of automatic postural responses was studied in human subjects. We recorded EMG activity from eight proximal and distal muscles acting on joints of the legs and hip known to be involved in postural corrections, while subjects stood on an hydraulic platform. Postural responses to horizontal motion of the platform in 16 different directions were recorded. The amplitude of the EMG responses of each muscle studied varied continuously as perturbation direction was changed. The directions for which an individual muscle showed measurable EMG activity were termed the muscle's "angular range of activation". There were several differences in the response characteristics of the proximo-axial muscles as opposed to the distal ones. Angular ranges of activity of the distal muscles were unipolar and encompassed a range of less than 180 degrees. These muscles responded with relatively constant onset latencies when they were active. Proximo axial muscles, acting on the upper leg and hip showed larger angular ranges of activation with bimodal amplitude distributions and/or onset latency shifts as perturbation direction changed. While there were indications of constant temporal relationships between muscles involved in responses to perturbations around the sagittal plane, the onset latency relationships for other directions and the response amplitude relationships for all directions varied continuously as perturbation direction was changed. Responses were discrete in that for any particular perturbation direction there appeared to be a single unique response. Thus, while the present results do not refute the hypothesis that automatic postural responses may be composed of mixtures of a few elemental synergies, they suggest that composition of postural responses is a complex process that includes perturbation direction as a continuous variable. PMID- 3224673 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for the development of adrenal medullary grafts in the brain. AB - This study shows that mouse mature chromaffin cells can elaborate neurite-like fibers and became integrated with the host brain. A piece of adrenal medulla, with or without attached adrenal cortical tissue, was implanted into the subarachnoid space or the hippocampal formation and examined using the electron microscopy. One week after transplantation, chromaffin cells could be observed surrounded by a basal lamina, containing many dense-cored vesicles 100-280 nm in diameter, including synaptic-like vesicles, which tended to gather in the cytoplasmic area or processes. The cells were irregularly shaped and bore cytoplasmic processes which sometimes ended with thick growth cone-like structures. The Golgi complex seemed to be well developed, suggesting the synthesis of new storage vesicles. One month after transplantation, the vast majority of chromaffin cells showed the noradrenaline phenotype typical of noradrenaline-storing cells in the normal gland, irrespective of graft components used or implantation sites. Some cells, presumably corresponding to the adrenaline phenotype, had secretory vesicles (140-210 nm in diameter) with denser cores than in the adrenaline-storing cells of normal gland. In the subarachnoid space, both types of graft had mostly cuboid chromaffin cells which bore a few, short, blung cytoplasmic processes. In the intracerebral transplants, the chromaffin cells of cortex-free adrenal medullary grafts developed processes having the characteristics of neurites extending from the chromaffin cells, in contrast to their counterparts with attached adrenocortical tissue. Thin sections through both types of graft showed isolated nerve cells, morphologically similar to sympathetic neurons, in the neighbourhood of the chromaffin cells. Reinnervation of the chromaffin cells was frequently observed in cortex-free implants. The integration of these grafts in the host brain is strongly suggested. PMID- 3224676 TI - Degenerative changes in dog articular cartilage induced by a unilateral tibial valgus osteotomy. AB - We present preliminary details of the changes that occur in a new model for the study of degenerative arthritis which does not involve intraarticular surgery. A unilateral valgus tibial osteotomy was performed in a group of 8 skeletally mature dogs of mixed breed and sex. Proximal tibial cartilages, femoral condyles and patellas were examined in operated and unoperated knees of experimental and unoperated dogs. Lesions were examined histologically and analyses were made of 35SO4 uptake and uronic acid content as measures of proteoglycan synthesis and content, respectively. Water contents were also determined. Dogs were examined from 22 to 62 weeks after osteotomy. Angulation induced by the osteoarthritis was varied from animal to animal in this preliminary study. Histologically, degeneration of the patella was observed in 3 of 5 experimental dogs and in both operated and unoperated limbs in two of the dogs. Lesions were seen in both limbs and were most common in the tibial plateau where they were present both in the lateral (covered by meniscus) and medical (uncovered) compartments of the operated and unoperated limb. In the tibial plateau initial increases in proteoglycan content and synthesis were recorded in both limbs: later after 30/36 weeks these declined to normal. In the femoral condyles, increases in water content with angulation were seen in the lateral and medial condyles of operated limbs and in the medial condyles of unoperated limbs. Other changes in proteoglycan content were observed in both condyles with a loss of proteoglycan with increased angulation being recorded in the lateral condyle of the operated limb and an increase in proteoglycan with angulation in the medial condyle of the unoperated limb. These early changes are presumably in response to alterations in load bearing in both limbs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE. This study permits an analysis of degenerative changes that can occur when articulation is changed by an osteotomy. Since the changes occur in both limbs, are potentially reversible and are induced by extraarticular surgery, we have an attractive new model for studying degenerative arthritis. PMID- 3224675 TI - Involvement of GABA and ACh in retinal spreading depression: effects of "low calcium-high magnesium" solutions. AB - Experiments have been performed on isolated chick retinas to demonstrate the participation of gabaergic and cholinergic systems in spreading depression (SD). Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine (ACh) were measured in the effluent solution of superfused retinas. The influence of changes in the concentration of calcium/magnesium on the release of these neurotransmitters was studied. GABA and ACh are released in the superfusate of retinas during SD. Such release was observed during experimental periods longer than 2 h during which SD was elicited regularly at 15-20 min intervals. Decreasing calcium concentration from 1.0 to 0.5 mM and simultaneously increasing magnesium from 1.0 to 2.0-4.0 mM led to a decrease in GABA and ACh release during SD. Variations in light scattering and increases in potassium concentration, usually occurring during SD, also decreased when superfusing with low calcium/high magnesium solutions. Lowering calcium concentration to 0.5 mM and increasing magnesium to 2.0 mM eventually turned the tissue refractory to SD. Sometimes a magnesium concentration of 2.0 mM was not effective in blocking SD. However, this blockage could be attained by increasing the concentration of magnesium to 4.0 mM. The effects of low calcium - high magnesium solutions on GABA and ACh release during SD suggests that the release of the substances is at least partially due to synaptic activity. It is not yet possible to establish whether GABA and ACh release is essential for the occurrence of SD. Nevertheless such release suggest that these neurotransmitters could influence the characteristics of SD manifestations in the retina. PMID- 3224677 TI - Establishment and characterization of an intracerebrally transplanted tumor line, induced experimentally in the spinal cord. AB - Transplanted tumor lines are useful to study open questions in human pathology and clinical research, particularly with the evaluation of therapeutic measures. Transplantation tumor lines derived from neoplasms in the nervous system originally induced with resorptive carcinogens are considered to be useful for these purposes. In this study observations on the histological pattern of original and intracerebrally transplanted new induced spinal cord tumors, mainly in early passages, has been investigated with the aim to improve the usefulness of the experimental model. PMID- 3224678 TI - Ethanol damage to rat gastric mucosa is unlikely to be mediated by ethanol. AB - During injury to the gastric mucosa, lysosomes become more fragile and lysosomal enzymes, which are activated at acid pH, leak into the surrounding environment. It is not clear whether these changes contribute to the mechanism of damage or are merely a secondary result of it. To test whether lysosomes modulate gastric mucosal damage, we pretreated rats with a lysosomal labilizing agent, Triton WR 1339 (1.5 g/kg) and histologically assessed mucosal damage in vivo after challenge with 30% ethanol. No significant differences were found in the length or depth of eroded mucosa: mean erosion length, Triton 23.9 +/- 6.6% vs. control 19.7 +/- 5.2%; mean depth (micron), Triton 19 +/- 4 vs. control 20 +/- 7. After a similar pretreatment regimen, rat antral mucosa was cultured, challenged with ethanol and damage assessed by release into media of previously incorporated mucosal 51chromium. With 15% ethanol challenge, no change in 51chromium release was seen: after Triton, 9.8 +/- 1.4% vs. control 10.3 +/- 1.0%. Triton pretreatment perturbed gastric lysosomes as shown in organ culture by significantly raised tissue lysosomal enzyme activities and increased lysosomal enzyme release into culture media after ethanol challenge. The lack of effect of this pretreatment regimen suggests that lysosomes do not have a major pathogenetic role in ethanol-induced gastric damage. PMID- 3224679 TI - Age dependent differences in sodium dichromate nephrotoxicity in rats. AB - Investigations were performed on 10- and 55-day-old female Wistar rats. 1 or 2 mg sodium dichromate/100 g b. m. were administered subcutaneously. Urine was collected for 1 hour at different times after dichromate injection. Total urinary protein as well as some protein fractions (high and low molecular weight proteins as well as albumin) were determined. In adult rats dose dependence of nephrotoxicity was found concerning the extent and duration of renal damage. Separation of proteins gave an insight into the location of injury. At the beginning and in the recovery phase preferentially tubular damage was found. The peak of damage is characterized by additional glomerular disturbances. Young rats are much less susceptible to dichromate than adult rats are. Possible reasons are discussed. PMID- 3224680 TI - Morphometric investigations on endocrine glands. VI. Changes in rat pituitary glands after ovarectomy and a single injection of estradiol benzoate once per cycle period. AB - The application of 0.7 microgram estradiol benzoate to ovarectomized rats twice a week (about once per cycle period) causes a return of pituitary weight to values comparable with untreated animals. In contrast, such dosages are ineffective to suppress the enlargement of gonadotropic cells after ovarectomy. After gonadectomy of rats an increase is observed both in number and in volume of the so-called gonadotropic (PAS-positive, alcian blue-negative) cells in their pituitary glands. Natural or synthetic steroidal compounds with estrogenic, androgenic or gestagenic effects may prevent or reduce such changes (review Kramer et al. 1968). Analogous results are seen after administration of the non steroidal methallibure (Paget et al. 1961). A daily unit dose of 0.5 microgram estradiol seems to be sufficient (Hohlweg and Dohrn 1932; review Romeis 1940). The estrogen level is a function of cycle stage with maximum and minimum, therefore it should be tested, whether or not a single injection of an equal dose will inhibit the development of castration cells. PMID- 3224681 TI - The effect of activation of macrophages on the advancement of experimental lung emphysema. AB - Experiments were carried out on 68 Wistar rats of both sexes. Five s.c. injections of BCG vaccine (once a week) were applied as macrophage mobilizing and activating agent. Papain or physiological saline was given once intratracheally after the 3rd dose of BCG. 4 weeks after the latter substances had been administered the animals were sacrificed. The lungs and the pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) were examined using histological and morphometric techniques; SEM and TEM were applied for assessing ultrastructure of PAM and lung sections. In rats given BCG the number of PAM was increased, and their morphological features showed enhanced activity. In these animals the aggravated emphysematous changes induced by papain should be ascribed to the cumulation of PAM and their increased activity in the lungs. PMID- 3224682 TI - Cell proliferation and 3H-proline incorporation in periodontal ligament exposed to mechanical stress. AB - In order to study the metabolic processes induced in the periodontal ligament by mechanical influences, a tension spring was implanted in rats between the incisor and the first maxillary molar on the right-hand side, while the left maxilla of these animals as well as non-operated rats served as controls. Under such mechanical stress, there occurred at 3, 10 and 21 days after implantation a significant increase in the 3H-thymidine labeling index, which was demonstrable histoautoradiographically. A change in cell density was not discovered. Therefore, the increase in S-phase fraction as equally recorded in both pressure and tension zones is regarded as an expression of an enhanced cell turnover. Cell renewal in the periodontal ligament can be modified by inflammatory processes within the gingival region. There is a slight enlargement of the periodontal space in the tension zone. Under our experimental conditions, no change occurs in the silver grain number per cell after 3H-proline administration. The results indicate that, following the impact of orthodontic forces, the reactivity of periodontal cell proliferation as compared to collagen synthesis is enhanced. PMID- 3224683 TI - Uraemic and 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol induced aortic lesions. AB - Aortic alterations in uraemic rats were studied ultrastructurally. The main changes consisted of degeneration and necrosis of smooth muscle cells and occurrence of extracellular calcifications. These alterations were aggravated when 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1-alpha-OH-D3) was given in a slightly hypercalcaemic dose. Parathyroidectomy prevented, to some degree, the development of ultrastructurally demonstrable changes; this effect was abolished when 1-alpha OH-D3 was given. The influence of 1-alpha-OH-D3 and parathyroidectomy on the aorta in uraemia was not solely a function of their effect on the serum calcium X phosphate product. Bodies composed of concentrically arranged (target-like) ring formations (1,200-6,000 A in diameter), possibly originating from degenerated smooth myocytes, were observed in the aortae of uraemic rats. These bodies may represent the matrix for initial calcification in the ground substance. The calcium salt deposits in the target-like bodies disappears when the tissues are stored in glutaraldehyde solutions for a long period of time. Calcifications were normally only found extracellularly, and it is proposed that the target-like bodies may locally initiate the calcification process. PMID- 3224684 TI - Relation between renal and hepatic excretion of drugs. XI. Excretion of sulfonamides with various physico-chemical properties of different ages- influence of nephrectomy or bile duct ligation. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a series of 6-sulfonamides, with gradually increasing molecular weights, were studied in anaesthetized rats after intravenous bolus injection. Immature (20-day-old) and adult (55-day-old) rats were compared. In both age groups renal excretion of all sulfonamides tested here dominates (about 5- to 10-fold). In 20-day-old rats renal and hepatic excretions are immature and reach about 50% (liver) or 30% (kidney) of adult values. Relation between renal and hepatic excretion of sulfonamides is strongly correlated to the lipophilicity of these substances. Hepatic excretion of sulfonamides seems to be correlated to their pKa-values. Concerning their excretion via urine it is necessary to correlate different steps of renal transport to physico-chemical properties in detail. A general correlation between renal excretion of sulfonamides and their chemical structure obviously does not exist. After bile duct ligation 24 h before clearance experiments no compensatory increase of renal sulfonamide excretion occurs. 24 h following bilateral nephrectomy hepatic excretion of sulfonamides is significantly enhanced; however, this phenomenon is related to physico-chemical properties of the sulfonamides. Age differences in compensation of one elimination pathway do not exist. PMID- 3224685 TI - Effect of mevinolin on rat hepatocytes: a morphometric study. AB - A short-term (12 h) infusion with mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, significantly lowered plasma cholesterol concentration in rats. After 7 days of continuous treatment hypocholesterolaemia disappeared, and this was coupled with a notable increase in the average volume of hepatocytes. Liver-cell hypertrophy was associated with a striking proliferation of the membranes of both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, as well as with a tremendous increase in the number of peroxisomes. These structural changes are interpreted as the morphologic counterpart of the compensatory response of rat liver to the prolonged inhibitory effect of mevinolin on cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 3224686 TI - Morphometric investigations on endocrine glands. VII. The influence of some estrogens on the formation of castration cells in the anterior pituitary of rats. AB - After ovarectomy there are observed changes in body weight increase, uterus weight and area size of the gonadotropic cells in the adenohypophysis. A replacement by estrogens may diminish such variations, but their extent is different for each of the single parameters; therefore no high correlation coefficients resulted in calculations on the basis of all data of a test. The administration of estradiol benzoate, estriol and estrone twice a week (about once per cyclus period) caused moderate changes in body weight increase and marked differences in uterus weights, but in the tested doses no alteration in the cell size of the gonadotropes, compared to ovarectomized animals without further treatment. Daily application of different doses of estradiol benzoate or estrone signify a higher efficacy of the first steroid. Different treatment conditions - starting shortly after excision of the ovaries or one week later - yielded only slight divergencies. Progesterone injected together with estrone caused no further significant deviations. Mestranol had only a moderate effect on the gonadotropes, but the uterus weight may increase under such a replacement up to values similar to those in untreated animals. On the other hand, there was observed a marked shrinking of the gonadotropes following higher doses of estriol, but in this case the uterus weight was less affected. In relation to equal doses of estrone, the uterus weights are similar following estrone cyanate, but in contrast to the parent compound, the effect on the gonadotropes was only low. PMID- 3224687 TI - Proteoglycan biosynthesis is stimulated by D-penicillamine in chondrifying high density cell cultures. AB - Chondrifying high density cell cultures of stage 22-24 chick embryo limb bud mesenchyme were treated with 5, 10 and 15 mmol/l D-penicillamine (DPA) for 4 and 6 days. The cultures were analyzed with morphological and biochemical techniques to learn more about the effect of DPA on the metabolism of cartilage glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Using light and electron microscopic histochemical reactions for GAG, a considerable increase in the intensity of staining of the cartilage matrix could be detected in cultures treated with DPA as compared to the untreated controls. The uronic acid content of the treated cultures was higher than that of the controls. Liquid scintillation measurements and autoradiography revealed that DPA treatment increased the 35S-sulfate into the cultures. These data suggest that DPA - besides its well known inhibitory effect on collagen crosslink formation - alters the metabolism of sulfated GAGs in differentiating cartilage. It is supposed that DPA stimulates the biosynthesis of these macromolecules. PMID- 3224688 TI - Establishment and characterization of a murine Gardner's osteosarcoma cell line (GOS/T): purification of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and use of anti-ALPase as a diagnostic acid. AB - Gardner's murine osteosarcoma has been successfully cultured and maintained as a clonal cell line (GOS/T), capable of forming a tumor with neoplastic bone and osteoid tissue by inoculation of 1 x 10(7) cultured cells. Alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) level in the culture medium and the serum from the tumor-bearing mice increased significantly three times and 16 to 105 times, respectively. The bone specific ALPase was purified by butanol extraction following gel-filtration through Sephadex G-200. The molecular weight of ALPase was determined as 420,000, which was three times 140,000, the molecular weight of a subunit. Immunofluorescence staining using anti-ALPase antiserum, which was made by inoculation of partially purified ALPase, revealed a positive reaction for GOS/T cell line and osteoblasts of the fetal mice. The data presented here suggest that the cell line of GOS/T can be regarded as an established cell line, and the immunological reaction with anti-ALPase antibody is a useful model system to study human osteosarcoma. PMID- 3224689 TI - Morphological studies of bronchial mucosal biopsies from asthmatics before and after ten years of treatment with inhaled steroids. AB - To examine the influence of inhaled steroids on the bronchial mucosa, biopsies from six patients with severe bronchial asthma were studied before and after ten years of daily treatment with inhaled steroids. Biopsies from six healthy subjects were also examined. In the biopsies taken from the asthmatic patients before treatment there was a significant increase in inflammatory cell numbers compared with the biopsies from the control subjects. In all patients scanning electron microscopy showed a reduced coverage by cilia. Squamous cell metaplasia was seen in two patients. After ten years of treatment the number of inflammatory cells was significantly reduced compared to that before treatment and was not different from the control biopsies. Most of the epithelial cells showed a ciliated surface. Small focal areas with non-ciliated cells could still be seen in four patients. In the two patients with squamous cell metaplasia before treatment, small areas of metaplasia could still be seen. Despite the absence of inflammation and reduced epithelial damage during treatment all patients still had bronchial hyperresponsiveness. PMID- 3224690 TI - Effect of different volumes of BAL fluid on arterial oxygen saturation. AB - We monitored arterial oxygen saturation (StcO2) continuously using the OHMEDA Biox 3700 oximeter. We studied seven patients undergoing a 100 ml bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL-100), seven patients undergoing a 200 ml bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL 200), and seven patients during diagnostic fibreoptic bronchoscopy alone. Immediately following insertion of the bronchoscope a brief increase in StcO2 level (0.3-0.5%) was seen, followed by a gradual decline, never exceeding 2-5% during the diagnostic bronchoscopy. Introduction of lavage fluid into a segmental bronchus always produced a further decline in StcO2. In the BAL-100 group the fall did not exceed 7%, whereas in the BAL-200 group a fall of up to 15% from the baseline level was observed. Return to initial values was seen in most of the patients within 10 min following completion of the procedure. Only in those patients with the most profound StcO2 fall was this period increased, up to 30 min. PMID- 3224691 TI - Hypoxic ventilatory response and acute mountain sickness. AB - The acute ventilatory response to hypoxia (HVR) and to hypercapnia (CO2VR) was measured in 32 members of two mountaineering expeditions prior to their departure. Both teams made rapid ascents to their base camps at 5200 m and 4300 m and remained there for at least four days. Symptom scores for acute mountain sickness (AMS) were collected daily for these four days. There was a range of AMS from the unaffected to severe sickness requiring evacuation, but there was no correlation between AMS scores and HVR or CO2VR. When ascent to altitude takes a day or more, HVR (measured at sea level) is probably not the major determinant of ventilation and from our studies does not predict susceptibility to AMS. The rate of respiratory acclimatization is probably more important. PMID- 3224692 TI - A national register for long-term oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxia: preliminary results. AB - A national register of patients undergoing long-term oxygen therapy in Sweden was started in 1987. Of the population of 8.4 million, 560 patients (267 males) were registered as undergoing domiciliary oxygen treatment on January 1, 1987. These registered patients, aged between 2-86 yrs (mean age 65 yrs), constituted some 90% of all patients receiving domiciliary oxygen therapy because of chronic hypoxaemia on that date. The chronic respiratory diseases leading to hypoxaemia (more than one diagnosis could be registered for each patient) were: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (393), sequelae from pulmonary tuberculosis (92), thoracic deformity (97), interstitial fibrosis (44), benign pleural disease (22) and others (84). Concentrators were used by 253 patients and high-pressure compressed gas cylinders by 307. Arterial blood gas analyses were registered for 547 patients. The mean arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) when breathing air was 6.5 +/- 1.1 kPa and 9.0 +/- 1.4 kPa when breathing oxygen. The mean arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) without oxygen was 6.5 +/- 1.5 kPa and 6.8 +/- 1.5 kPa with oxygen. The register forms a data-base which can be used for the evaluation of different home oxygen systems, regional differences in the access to treatment and treatment performance and decisions relating to health care economics. PMID- 3224693 TI - Broncho-oesophageal fistula with vascular malformation. AB - We present a patient with a type III congenital broncho-oesophageal fistula and a connection between the systemic and the pulmonary circulation. The congenital fistula caused chronic bronchopulmonary suppuration with bronchiectasis which in turn was the cause of a left-to-right shunt, probably through multiple precapillary or capillary anastomoses. PMID- 3224695 TI - An unusual cause of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumoperitoneum. AB - A 62 year old female with subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumoperitoneum, was observed. Pneumothorax, however, was not present. Laparotomy revealed a large infiltrate in the left lower abdomen, which had penetrated the anterior abdominal wall. Microscopically, a recurrence of previously diagnosed vulval carcinoma was demonstrated. Despite intensive treatment the patient died two months later. PMID- 3224694 TI - Beneficial effect of omeprazole in a patient with severe bronchial asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux. AB - A 25-yr-old man suffered from severe nocturnal asthma, which was shown to be provoked by pathological gastro-oesophageal reflux. A dramatic, immediate improvement of his pulmonary condition was achieved by treatment with omeprazole after failure of other therapeutic measures, including high doses of ranitidine. PMID- 3224696 TI - Human seminal plasma allergy as a cause of postcoital asthma. PMID- 3224697 TI - Juvenile drug addiction: a typology of heroin addicts and their families. AB - In this article the authors propose: 1) a typology of drug addiction cases consisting of four main classes: A. traumatic drug addiction, B. drug addiction from actual neuroses, C. transitional drug addiction, and D. sociopathic drug addiction; 2) a clinical study (with 18 months of follow-up data) involving 131 heroin addicts mostly treated with structural or counterparadoxical family therapy in the same psychotherapy center and in the same year; and 3) some preliminary conclusions emerging from an examination of the four-class typology with respect to the effectiveness of family therapy interventions. If, for example, structural family therapy techniques seem more suitable in type-B cases (similar to cases described by Haley in his Leaving Home), the counterparadoxical techniques are likely to be more effective in type-C cases (similar to the anorectics described by Selvini-Palazzoli). PMID- 3224698 TI - The transition to parenthood: II. Stability and change in marital structure. AB - At 1 year postpartum, 22 of 38 couples demonstrated the same level of marital competence as they had prenatally, 14 couples demonstrated deterioration in their marital relationship, and 2 couples were improved. At each of four levels of marital competence, there was a trend for the couples to demonstrate the same relationship response to parenthood. Highly competent relationships remained at high levels of competence. Competent but pained relationships were most vulnerable to regressive change in structure. Dominant-submissive, complementary relationships tended to remain stable at that level. Dominant-submissive, conflicted or severely conflicted relationships were most unpredictable and stability, regression, and improvement were seen. These findings are explored for possible correlations and are discussed from the perspective of several current models of family development. PMID- 3224699 TI - Symbiosis, the family, and natural systems. AB - Family systems theory, as developed by Murray Bowen, has its conceptual basis in natural systems. A basic premise is that emotional process is not unique to homo sapiens and that human behavior might better be understood by observing this process in the broader context of all natural systems. This essay discusses the phenomenon of symbiosis as it is used in the natural sciences and as it relates to the emergence of increasingly complex systems in nature. Finally, the emergence of the parent/offspring symbiosis from its possible origins to its development in the human family is discussed. PMID- 3224700 TI - The time-line genogram: highlighting temporal aspects of family relationships. AB - The genogram, or family diagram, is an assessment tool widely used by clinicians to study family members and their relationships over several generations. The standard genogram format is limited, however, because it does not show temporal patterns directly. An alternative, the Time-Line Genogram (TLG), which plots time on the vertical axis to display life events and changes in relationships when they actually occurred, highlights temporal aspects of family history that the standard format sometimes obscures. PMID- 3224701 TI - Obsessions/counter-obsessions: a construction/reconstruction of meaning. AB - In this article, obsessions and phobic responses are examined in relation to the maintenance and development of a cross-generational coalition organized by a premise about exclusivity, as well as the specific, idiosyncratic "signature premises" characteristic to each case. It is suggested that the obsession develops when a developmental or situational crisis conflicts with the exclusive relationship definition (that is, coalition). Two forms of intervention for disrupting obsessions--the "conversation" and the "counter-obsession"--are discussed and illustrated. Both interventions conceptualize the obsession as an oscillation between remaining in the coalition and not remaining in the coalition, and both interventions challenge the signature premise that defines the coalition. PMID- 3224702 TI - Functional illness and family functioning: a comparison of healthy and somaticizing adolescents. AB - This study examined the usefulness of the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Functioning for discriminating between families of healthy adolescents and families of adolescents with functional somatic complaints. The findings did not support the expected curvilinear relationship between symptomatology and the FACES II family dimensions of cohesion and adaptability. Questions are raised regarding the degree of correspondence between the constructs of enmeshment and rigidity as assessed clinically and as measured by the Circumplex Model. PMID- 3224703 TI - Family therapy in trouble: psychoeducation as solution and as problem. AB - The authors cite clinical literature attesting to the importance of recognizing the family, rather than the individual, as the proper locus of conceptualizing, diagnosing, and treating mental illnesses. Specifically with regard to severe psychiatric illnesses, in particular schizophrenia, family dysfunction contributes to the emergence of the illness, significantly affects its course, and strongly influences the achievement and maintenance of treatment gains. Currently, a movement is afoot to limit sharply the amount and kind of treatment offered to schizophrenic patients and their families. Rooted in a "medical model" or "biogenic" view of the etiology of schizophrenia, this school of thought prescribes psychoeducation as the family treatment of choice. The present article looks at some misconceptions regarding treatment that prompted a widespread turning away from psychoanalytically oriented family psychotherapy for schizophrenic patients and their families, examines the reductionism (biological and behavioral) inhering in the exclusive use of psychoeducation, and looks at the clinical dangers of such reductionism. Finally, it proposes that family psychotherapists should not abandon a concern with the inner lives of severely ill patients and their families in the face of spuriously generalized claims made by reductionist researchers. PMID- 3224704 TI - A record-keeping format for training systemic therapists. AB - Training in systemic therapy necessitates a structured approach to teaching systemic thinking. The Systemic Therapy Sessions Summary Form, a record-keeping method, is presented as a tool for enhancing training in systemic therapy. The purpose of this form is to provide the structure for the trainee to develop circular hypotheses, to connect reflexively the assessment and intervention components of therapy, and to maintain a sense of the evolving nature of therapy across sessions. A case example illustrates the use of this record-keeping format. PMID- 3224705 TI - Graduate student marriages: an organizational/interactional view. AB - This article describes an organizational/interactional model for understanding and working with graduate student marriages. The model first distinguishes symmetrical (student/student) from asymmetrical (student/working spouse) marriages. Then, the major focus is on asymmetrical marriages and the disengagement process that is typical among these couples. Asymmetrical organization, especially within today's ethos of equal roles and equal responsibilities, presents graduate student couples with several dilemmas: (a) it promotes hierarchical confusion, (b) it makes for a problematic marital quid pro quo, and (c) it fosters contextual gaps between the two partners. When these inherent difficulties are misconstrued and mishandled, dysfunctional sequences lead the couple into progressive disengagement. Even as dissatisfaction in the marriage increases, graduate student couples have a tendency to postpone and suspend negotiations. Over time, there is an intensification of the couple's unhappiness but, at the same time, the relationship remains structurally unchanged. The building tension in the marriage typically culminates in a crisis when a milestone in the student's course of work precipitates a major disorganization of the system. Clinical implications of the model are outlined with recommendations for focused interventions. PMID- 3224706 TI - Acetylenic and allenic derivatives of 2-(1-methylindolyl) methylamine as selective inhibitors of the monoamine oxidases A and B. AB - This paper reports the synthesis of a new series of acetylenic and allenic derivatives of 2-(1-methylindolyl) methylamine as well as the preliminary results of their study as selective inhibitors of the A and B forms of the mitochondrial monoamine oxidase from bovine brain. The compounds were obtained from 2-(1 methylindole)carboxylic acid which, as its acyl halide, reacts with amines to give the respective amides. The latter compounds were reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to the respective amines (II a-c) and then N-alkylated by reaction with 2-propynyl-, 2-butynyl- or 2,3-butadienyl bromides to the corresponding amines (III a-j). PMID- 3224707 TI - 1,2,3-Triazoles: structural changes on two effective inhibitors of the prostaglandin synthesis in vitro. AB - This paper describes the synthesis and the biological evaluation of some 1,2,3 triazoles which represent structural modifications of two compounds which are effective inhibitors of the prostaglandin synthesis in vitro. These modifications, concerning the elimination of the methylene bridge and/or the ether oxygen from the active molecules, show that every introduced structural changes caused a strong decrease of activity. PMID- 3224708 TI - [Tert-aminoalkyl derivatives of quinoxalinones, aza- and diazaquinoxalinones with analgesic activity]. AB - A series of tert-aminoalkyl-derivatives of quinoxalin-2-one, aza- and diazaquinoxalin-2-one bearing in position 3 a benzyl group was prepared in order to compare with analogous 3-methyl derivatives as regards analgesic activity. The substitution causes various effects. In compounds (I) and (VI-IX) is found the expected increase in analgesic activity but with contemporaneous rise in toxicity. The compounds (IV) and (V) are of interest due to the presence of a strong separation of DL50 from DE50. PMID- 3224709 TI - Effect of hypoxia, aging and pharmacological treatment on muscular metabolites and enzyme activities. AB - The effect of hypoxia and post-hypoxic recovery were studied in gastrocnemius muscle of young-adult and mature beagle dogs. Furthermore, the possible interference of pharmacological treatment with nicergoline was evaluated in these conditions. Muscular glycolytic fuels, intermediates and end-products (glycogen, glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvate, lactate), Kreb's cycle intermediates (citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, malate) and related free amino acids (glutamate, alanine), ammonium ion, energy store and mediators (ATP, ADP, AMP and creatine phosphate), and the energy charge potential were evaluated. Furthermore, in the crude extract and/or mitochondrial fraction of another portion of the same gastrocnemius muscle the maximum rate (Vmax) of some muscular enzymes related to the anaerobic glycolytic pathway (hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase), the Kreb's cycle (citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase), the aminoacid pool related to the Krebs' cycle (glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase), the electron transfer chain (cytochrome oxidase) and NAD+/NADH exchanges (total NADH cytochrome c reductase) was evaluated. Some glycolytic metabolites and Krebs' cycle intermediates were modified by acute hypoxia, while free amino acids and energy mediators remained practically unchanged. The pharmacological treatment maintained the glucose and succinate muscular concentrations within the normal range, during hypoxia. The behaviour of muscular metabolites during hypoxia and/or post-hypoxic recovery is an age-related event. In fact, only in young adult animals did the altered values return to normal in post-hypoxic recovery. In the present experimental conditions, only minor changes were observed as far as muscular enzyme activities are concerned. In any case, some enzyme activities tested showed different Vmax in young-adult dogs in comparison with mature ones. PMID- 3224711 TI - Which material should be used in secondary haemodialysis access surgery. PMID- 3224710 TI - Trypanocidal activity of a new series of arsenical compounds the spiroarsorans. AB - The trypanocidal activity of a new class of arsenical compounds, the spiroarsorans, was investigated against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The most active compound was found to be effective at a dose of 30 mg.kg-1 and had low toxicity. PMID- 3224712 TI - Long-term results after arterial surgery for arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs in young adults. AB - Ninety-nine patients, with a mean age of 40 years, underwent surgery for arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs during 1975-81. The main indication for surgery was claudication and the median observation time 102 months (range 54-138 months). Twenty patients died during the follow-up period and fifteen of these could be related to arteriosclerotic disease. At follow-up, 43 patients had claudication, while 34 patients had developed other arteriosclerotic manifestations. Amputation was performed in 17 patients. At follow-up the number of patients at work remained almost unchanged, whereas the number of patients receiving disablement pension increased. This study shows that younger patients with arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs had a mortality of approximately 20%, during the period of observation of this study. However, many patients became asymptomatic after surgery suggesting that a conservative attitude to arterial surgery in these patients cannot be justified. PMID- 3224713 TI - Assessment of peripheral vascular obliterative disease by transcutaneous oxygen tension tests. AB - By repeated measurements in each of ten normal subjects and ten patients with mild intermittent claudication, the performance of three transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2) test in the diagnosis of obliterative peripheral arterial disease was studied. PtcO2 resting value, PtcO2 response to oxygen breathing and PtcO2 reperfusion response after tourniquet obstruction were all measured on the dorsum of the foot. We found that PtcO2 resting values were not different between patients and controls, while responses to 100% oxygen breathing and reperfusion responses differed significantly between the two groups. The most prominent difference between the two groups was observed in the latency of PtcO2 rise after reperfusion. Therefore the reperfusion response test may have a place in the assessment of claudication by PtcO2 measurement. PMID- 3224714 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring as an indication of prognosis in critical ischaemia of the lower limb. AB - Critical ischaemia in the chronically ischaemic limb has proved difficult to define both in clinical and objective terms. This has meant that assessment of patients has in the past relied heavily on the angiographic appearances of the vessels which is also an unreliable technique. Attempts have been made to define critical ischaemia objectively in terms of the ankle systolic pressure but recent studies have shown that although the definition produced in 1982 was highly specific, the sensitivity was low with many patients with the clinical features of critical ischaemia having ankle pressures which were higher than the recommended values. Recently the transcutaneous measurement of oxygen tension has been used to assess patients with peripheral vascular disease and has proved of use in assessing distal tissue perfusion in chronically ischemic limbs. This study compares ankle systolic pressure measurements with the transcutaneous oxygen tension results from the ischaemic foot with the patient sitting and found that the latter gave a more accurate guide to the severity of ischaemia and a more accurate prediction of the short-term results in individual cases. PMID- 3224715 TI - Long-term follow-up of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthesis as an arteriovenous fistula for haemodialysis. AB - During a 10-year period vascular access in 86 patients receiving long-term haemodialysis was provided by the insertion of 100 polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. In 24 patients (28%) the PTFE prosthesis was used as a primary access operation; 62 patients (72%) had had previous access procedures. Early thrombosis and infection led to graft failure in eight patients. Late fistula occlusion developed in 67 instances in 39 fistulae. Thrombectomies were performed in 53 fistulae with good result in 46 (86.8%). Infection after puncture was seen in nine grafts and was treated by incision and drainage (33%) or graft removal (67%). False aneurysms developed in six patients; prolonged haemorrhage from the puncture site occurred in one patient and haemodynamic complications (ischaemic steal syndrome; venous hypertension) developed in four. The cumulative patency of PTFE AV fistulae was 74% after 1 year; 59% after 2 and 3 years and 47% after a follow-up of 5 years. Despite the high rate of complications the PTFE AV fistula has proved an acceptable technique in secondary access surgery for haemodialysis. PMID- 3224716 TI - The cause of ischaemic nocturnal rest pain. AB - Adipose tissue blood flow in the forefoot was measured simultaneously with mean systemic arterial blood pressure over 24 hours in 8 patients (15 feet) with different degrees of arterial insufficiency. Mean systemic arterial pressure decreased by 19 +/- 9% during sleep, irrespective of symptomatology. In two limbs, with a normal peripheral circulation, blood flow decreased by 8 +/- 7%. In five limbs with arterial insufficiency, but no rest pain, blood flow decreased by 16 +/- 8% and in eight limbs with ischaemic nocturnal rest pain blood flow was reduced by 32 +/- 12% during sleep. It is concluded that nocturnal hypotension is a major factor in the production of nocturnal ischaemic rest pain. PMID- 3224717 TI - Non-invasive characterisation of angiopathy in the diabetic foot. AB - A comparison between 19 consecutive insulin dependent diabetic patients with a history of or current foot ulcers, gangrene or infection, with 14 arteriosclerotic patients with advanced lower limb ischaemia was performed using measurements of ankle and great toe systolic blood pressure, forefoot skin perfusion pressure and pulse volume assessment. Although clinical examination was usually sufficient to distinguish different types of diabetic foot, the vascular laboratory often gave additional information about the vascular component of the diabetic foot. In this study, great toe systolic pressure appeared to be the best indicator of the degree of macroangiopathy. The role of microangiopathy in the development of diabetic foot remains uncertain. The major factor responsible for diabetic foot in addition to neuropathy seems to be macroangiopathy which is not different from that of arteriosclerotic occlusive disease. PMID- 3224718 TI - Combination reversed and non-reversed upper arm vein for femoro-distal grafting. AB - Arm veins are the "second choice" conduit for femoro-distal grafting when the long saphenous vein is either not available or is unsuitable. However, obtaining a graft of sufficient length may be difficult if the forearm veins have been damaged by previous intra-venous cannulation. The harvesting of the upper arm veins separately may overcome the problem of insufficient length but entails a veno-venous anastomosis which is a potential source of both early and late problems. We have harvested both the upper arm cephalic and basilic veins in continuity and created a vein graft which is non-reversed proximally and reversed distally. PMID- 3224719 TI - Popliteal arterial aneurysm. AB - Popliteal arterial aneurysms are rare in young individuals. A case without a penetrating trauma presenting in a young woman is described. Complications may lead to vascular emergencies. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment is important. PMID- 3224720 TI - Popliteal artery occlusion by a popliteal (Baker's) cyst. PMID- 3224721 TI - Risk factors in carotid artery surgery: an evaluation of 414 operations. AB - Four hundred and fourteen carotid reconstructions performed on 352 patients during the years 1971-82 were analysed retrospectively. Fifty-eight percent of the patients were operated on because of hemispheric transient ischaemic attacks (TIA). Twenty-eight percent had suffered a stroke before surgery. The overall combined mortality and morbidity was 7.7%. The procedure mortality was 2.9% with a slightly higher mortality i.e. 5.9% in the stroke group although not significantly higher than among non-stroke patients with a mortality of 1.4%. Patients of more than 70-years had a significantly higher operative mortality (11.1%) than the rest of the patients (1.7%). Non-fatal strokes occurred in 20 patients (4.8%). No correlation was found with the degree of stenosis of the contralateral artery. PMID- 3224722 TI - [Immunoreactive parathyroid hormones in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with renal failure: possible restriction of parathyroid hormone by the blood-brain barrier]. AB - There are reports that patients with renal failure have elevated circulating concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is suspected to be a causal factor of the cerebral symptoms of these patients. A positive correlation between the circulating level of immunoreactive PTH and the extent of abnormality in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in humans has been reported. Moreover, in uremic dogs normalization of the EEG was observed after parathyroidectomy, and increased abnormality of the EEG was observed on infusion of PTH. If PTH is really a causal factor of uremic encephalopathy and abnormality of the EEG in patients with renal failure, the question arises as to whether PTH acts on the brain after penetrating through the blood-brain barrier or in some other way. In this work, we measured PTH by both C-terminal-specific RIA (C-PTH) and N-terminal-specific RIA (N-PTH) in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal subjects and patients with renal failure. Blood and CSF samples were obtained from 7 normal volunteers (31 approximately 81 years old: 4 males and 3 females) and 22 patients with chronic renal failure (25 approximately 87 years old: 12 males and 10 females). No patients had a psychotic disease or endocrinopathy other than secondary hyperparathyroidism. Samples of venous blood were collected from the subjects after an overnight fast at the time of lumbar puncture for CSF sampling. C-terminal-specific RIA for measurement of the plasma and CSF concentrations of C PTH was carried out using a commercially available RIA kit (Eiken Laboratory Inc., Tokyo, Japan).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224724 TI - [Triiodothyronine(T3) autoantibodies in a woman with nonthyroidal disorder: a study on preparation of serum IgG fraction employing protein A column chromatography]. AB - A 48-year-old non-goitrous woman, who had undergone cardiac surgery for mitral stenosis under the extracorporeal circulation, showed high levels of serum T3 and free T3 in a recent follow-up study, employing antibody coated-bead RIA for T3 and -Amerlex M particle RIA for free T3. However, other thyroid function tests (T4, free T4, TSH and TBG) were normal. We suspected that thyroid hormone autoantibodies (THAA) in her serum interfered with T3 and free T3 analyses. The presence of THAA was demonstrated by the use of various procedures as follows. Firstly, the patient's serum was directly incubated with 125I-T3 or -T4 analog which did not bind to TBG, followed by B/F separation with polyethyleneglycol, counting the precipitates. Secondly, after the serum was treated with an acid charcoal solution to remove circulating thyroid hormone, the measurement of THAA was made as stated above. Normal sera were used as controls. Both the non- and acid-charcoal-treated sera showed much higher percentages of 125I-T3 analog precipitation as compared with controls. In the case of 125I-T4 analog, there was no difference between them. In the third study, the presence of IgG antibodies that bound T3 but not T4 was investigated. The IgG fraction of the patient's serum was separated employing a Protein A-Sepharose CL-4B column chromatography. Then, the prepared IgG fraction was purified by a technique of gel filtration chromatography (Sephacryl S 200). Non-purified and purified-IgG fractions both revealed higher binding percentages of 125I-T3 analog than the control IgG fraction and non-IgG fraction of the patient. Furthermore, a good dose response was observed between the binding percentage of 125I-T3 analog and each dose of the patient's serum or IgG fraction. From these observations, it was clarified that this woman had anti-T3 IgG autoantibodies using a Protein A column chromatography with confirmation of gel filtration chromatography. PMID- 3224723 TI - [Analysis of experimental autoimmune oophoritis as a model of premature ovarian failure]. AB - Neonatal thymectomy in mice at 3 days of age (Tx-3) can induce autoimmune oophoritis and results in complete loss of oocyte at young adult age. We examined endocrinological and immunological abnormalities in Tx-3 (C3H/He X A/J)F1 female mice to find some similarities to premature ovarian failure (POF) in humans. The majority of the Tx-3 mice showed irregular estrous cycles during 7 to 9 weeks of age then fell into continuous diestrous. Endocrinological analysis of Tx and sham Tx mice revealed that serum gonadotropin levels (LH and FSH) of Tx-3 mice rapidly increased from 8 weeks of age and serum estradiol levels significantly decreased from 10 weeks of age (P less than 0.05). In contrast with estradiol, serum androstenedione levels significantly increased from 10 weeks of age (P less than 0.01). In the mice with oophoritis, circulating autoantibodies against ooplasm and/or zona pellucida determined by immunoperoxidase method could be detected from 6 weeks of age, became high titer from one or two weeks later, but resulted in low titer or negative test from about 4 months of age. Acute loss of oocyte with massive mononuclear cell infiltration coincident with the appearance of these autoantibodies were progressed, and then atrophic ovaries with complete destruction of follicles were seen at 3 months of age. This experimental model of autoimmune oophoritis abounds in suggestion for the understanding of one of the possible etiology of POF in women. PMID- 3224725 TI - [Effect of prostaglandins(PGs) on progesterone production by human cultured luteal cells and their ability of PGs production]. AB - The present study was designed to investigate whether or not prostaglandins(PGs) were produced by human luteal cells(HLC) and their effects on the luteal cells by monolayer culture. The following results were obtained. Cultured HLC secreted progesterone(P), prostaglandin F(PGF) and prostaglandin E(PGE) into a medium at concentrations of 276.6 +/- 38.6, 1.95 +/- 0.36, 2.44 +/- 0.45 ng/ml/1 X 10(5) cells/day (mean +/- SE), respectively. Cultured HLC was able to convert 14C arachidonic acid to 14C-PGF2 alpha, 14C-PGE2. These two results indicated that HLC had the ability to produce PGF and PGE. Cultures were carried out in the presence of indomethacin (Ind), PGF2 alpha and PGE2 alone as well as in a combination. P production by HLC was reduced in the presence of Ind. P production in the presence of Ind+PGE2 was more than that in the presence of Ind alone. There was no significant difference in P production between the presence of Ind and Ind+PGF2 alpha. It was concluded that HLC had the ability to produce PGs and that PGE2 significantly stimulated P production in as low concentrations as HLC could produce physiologically while PGF2 alpha did not. PMID- 3224726 TI - [Binding characteristics of RU 486 with glucocorticoid and progestin receptors]. AB - RU 34886 (RU 486) has been proved to fully antagonize the actions of glucocorticoid and progestin at the receptor level. The binding characteristics of RU 486 with the thymic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the uterine progestin receptor (PR) were investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism of these antagonistic actions. The ability of RU 486 was studied to promote the "activation" and the "nuclear translocation" of GR and RP. Under heat activation, RU 486 dissociated faster from the activated GR than the non activated, and the binding complex of RU 486 and GR showed lower affinity for DNA-cellulose than the glucocorticoid agonist-GR complex. Nearly undetectable amounts of RU 486 were recovered in the nucleus. Conversely, the RU 486-PR complex showed no difference of dissociation rate between the activated and the non activated condition. Its affinity for DNA-cellulose was the same as that of the activated progestin agonist-PR complex. A large amount of this compound was demonstrated in the nucleus. PMID- 3224728 TI - Do we have markers for the metastatic potential of malignant melanomas? PMID- 3224729 TI - Histoid leprosy: a prospective diagnostic study in 38 patients. AB - Histoid leprosy is a fascinating expression of multibacillary leprosy, the incidence of which was 3.6%. It was seen predominantly in males of the younger age group, who were on inadequate and irregular dosage of diaminodiphenyl sulfone. Papules, cutaneous and/or subcutaneous nodules and plaques appearing over apparently normal skin were its exquisite prospective clinical features. It was invariably supported by enormous, uniformly solid staining discrete bacilli from the lesions, in contrast to their virtual absence from the surrounding normal-appearing skin. Encapsulated tumorous mass, formed primarily by spindle shaped histocytes, displayed either in intertwining, criss-cross or whorled fashion in haematoxylin-eosin-stained sections, were supplementary. The morphology of acid-fast bacilli was, however, similar to skin-slit smears. PMID- 3224727 TI - [Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma by determining normetanephrine and metanephrine concentrations in single voided urine]. AB - Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma has been made by the determination of urinary noradrenaline and adrenaline excretion for 24 hours. The assay procedure and the collection of urine for 24 hrs. are intricate. In the present study, we have ascertained the clinical significance of urinary normetanephrine (NM) and metanephrine (M), chemically stable metabolites of catecholamines, in single voided urine for a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Urine and plasma samples were collected from 361 normal subjects, 59 patients with essential hypertension, 22 patients with chronic renal failure and 22 patients with pheochromocytoma. Urinary NM and M concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay with prior hydrolysis by acidification with 1N HCl. Plasma NM and M concentrations in normal subjects were 71.8 +/- 30.7 pg/ml and 41.5 +/- 8.61 pg/ml, respectively. Plasma NM was increased in 8 and plasma M was increased in 20 of 21 patients with pheochromocytoma, although many of these overlapped with those patients with chronic renal failure (NM, 285.9 +/- 175.1 pg/ml; M, 206.3 +/- 186.7 pg/ml) and essential hypertension (NM, 107.7 +/- 90.7 pg/ml; M, 46.7 +/- 20.2 pg/ml). Urinary NM and M concentrations did not show specific diurnal variation and there was significant correlations between the values in single voided urine and those in the 24 hour urine. Urinary NM and M concentrations in normal controls were 197.5 +/- 46.7 ng/mg Cr. and 125.3 +/- 37.1 ng/mg Cr., respectively. Urinary NM concentration was increased in 14 and urinary M concentration was increased in all of 17 patients with pheochromocytoma. In addition, urinary M concentration was higher in most of the 17 patients with pheochromocytoma than that in the patients with chronic renal failure and essential hypertension. However, the values in three patients with Sipple's syndrome with a small adrenal tumor or recurrent cases overlapped with those in other diseases. Relationships between urinary concentrations of NM and/or M and tumor size showed positive correlations. Urinary NM and M concentrations showed significant decreases after surgical removal of the tumors. These results suggest that NM and/or M concentrations in single voided urine could be a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for pheochromocytoma. PMID- 3224730 TI - Treatment of multiple relapsing warts with diphenciprone. AB - 44 patients with multiple recalcitrant warts were treated with weekly applications of diphencyprone. 20 patients were cured completely and 17 improved with reduction in the number or dimension of warts. Plantar warts responded less satisfactorily. Sensitization is not always tolerated by patients and the risk of eczema spreading to other sites must be considered. However, topical immunotherapy has to be considered as an alternative means of treatment in selected patients. The mode of action is discussed. PMID- 3224731 TI - Value of looking at leukocytes in every case of ichthyosis. AB - A three-year old patient had ichthyosis and neutral lipid storage disease (Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome), characterized by congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and leukocyte vacuoles. He did not show any of the internal system involvement that was found in previously described cases. Patients with this syndrome demonstrate a great variability of clinical involvement. The affliction may be very mild as in our case or it may lead to rapid death, as with the patient's brother born a Harlequin baby, who only survived 5 days. Because of this wide spectrum of clinical variability mild cases might escape diagnosis. It is, therefore, suggested that every case of ichthyosis should have a peripheral blood smear evaluation with special attention to the morphology of the leukocytes. Our case clearly demonstrates the value of such a screening examination. Although the patient had been under treatment for almost 3 years, only screening examination of blood smears of all the patients with ichthyosis finally led to the correct diagnosis. PMID- 3224732 TI - Metastases of malignant melanoma due to interferon alpha-2a? PMID- 3224733 TI - Bearing surface design in total knee replacement. PMID- 3224734 TI - Biomechanical properties of the canine knee articular cartilage as related to matrix proteoglycans and collagen. PMID- 3224735 TI - Density and temperature effects on some mechanical properties of cancellous bone. PMID- 3224736 TI - A methodology for mechanical measurements of technical constants of trabecular bone. PMID- 3224737 TI - In vitro fluid dynamics of the St Jude valve prosthesis in steady and pulsatile flow. PMID- 3224738 TI - Gas transfer in dog lungs during high-frequency ventilation. PMID- 3224739 TI - Panting in dogs as a model for high-frequency ventilation. PMID- 3224740 TI - A new generation of artificial hip joints. PMID- 3224741 TI - Histology: a prognostic factor in proximal tubal occlusion. AB - To evaluate the results of 54 microsurgical anastomoses in relation to histologic findings, serial sections from 102 stenosed tubal portions (n = 54 women) were examined. The term pregnancy rate was 41% in our series. Unfavorable histologic factors influencing the postoperative pregnancy rate were revealed by our study: (1) chronic inflammation, (2) tubal inclusions in the tubal wall, and (3) tubal endometriosis. PMID- 3224742 TI - Maternal survival after acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis complicating late pregnancy. AB - In the 41st week of her first pregnancy, a 25-year-old woman presented abdominal complaints. After the Caesarean delivery of an healthy child, the mother developed a severe hypoglycaemia and septic shock. Although normal serum and urine amylase values were obtained, an exploratory laparotomy disclosed acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. Clinical treatment was complicated by repeated sepsis, multiple organ failure and ARDS, requiring the patient to receive intensive care for 3.5 months. To control abdominal sepsis and bleeding complications, an additional ten laparotomies were carried out. During this period the abdomen was kept closed by means of a nylon mesh. Although according to present day criteria the prognosis was fatal, the patient ultimately fully recovered. By exclusion, the cause of the pancreatitis was ascribed to the pregnancy itself. The medical, obstetric and surgical aspects of the management of acute pancreatitis complicating pregnancy and puerperium are reviewed. PMID- 3224743 TI - The amniotic adhesion malformation complex associated with short or absent umbilical cord. AB - The spectrum of amniotic adhesion malformations can include body wall defects, cranial abnormalities and amputation of limbs. Its greatly varying pattern renders diagnosis difficult. Pathogenesis has been ascribed to rupture of amnion in early gestation with subsequent entanglement of fetal parts (Torpin R, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1965;91:65-75 and in Fetal malformation caused by amnion rupture during gestation, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1968). Eight cases belonging to the amniotic adhesion malformation complex which occurred within a 7 months period were seen in our department. This malformation complex is not infrequently observed; however, this clustering of cases is exceptional. A common feature in all subjects was an either missing or significantly shortened umbilical cord, whereas amniotic bands could only be identified in two fetuses. PMID- 3224744 TI - Lactate in fetal tissue during hypoxia; correlation to lactate, pH and base deficit in the fetal blood. AB - It was the aim of this study to investigate the relationship between the tissue concentrations of lactate in different organs, the blood lactate concentrations, and pH and base deficit in the extracellular fluid (BDecf) during fetal hypoxia. With regard to fetal blood analysis during labour the question is of major importance to what extent blood measurements can provide information concerning intracellular lactate concentrations, especially in the cerebral tissue. In 15 guinea-pig fetuses acute hypoxia was induced by anaesthesia, operative stress and abruption of the placenta. After puncture of the umbilical artery for blood analysis, tissue specimens were taken from the cerebral tissue, heart, liver, lung, muscle and fascia of the abdominal wall, bowel and kidney within 1 to 2 minutes and analyzed for lactate. The lactate concentrations were corrected according to the time interval from blood sampling to collection of tissue specimen. In acute hypoxia the lactate concentrations of the heart and the cerebral tissue were closely correlated to lactate, pH and base deficit measured in arterial blood. The tissue concentration of lactate in the heart and in the cerebrum exceeded the blood level approximately by 70 and 30-50%, respectively. At a pH greater than 7.10 and BDecf less than 8 mumol/ml, the lactate concentration in the cerebrum was about half the lactate concentrations leading to cerebral edema and cell necrosis in the hypoxic monkey fetus (Myers RE. In: Gluck L, ed. Intra-uterine asphyxia and the developing fetal brain. 1977, 37-97). PMID- 3224745 TI - Serum urate, complement 3 and pre-eclampsia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a frequent complication of pregnancies in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The diagnosis of PE is usually based on clinical features such as hypertension and proteinuria, which could also be features of SLE disease exacerbation. As the management of these conditions is different, tests that could confirm the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia would be helpful. Previous studies have shown that serum urate is elevated in PE, while a fall in serum complement 3 occurs in exacerbation of SLE. In this study we looked at the serum urate and complement 3 levels in a group of SLE patients who were in remission before pregnancy. Patients who developed PE had a significantly higher serum urate level while their serum complement 3 level was similar to patients without PE. Our results suggest that measurement of serum urate together with serum complement 3 would help to diagnose PE, and delivery should not be delayed, especially if intra-uterine growth retardation is suspected, in order to avoid intra-uterine death. PMID- 3224746 TI - Two fetal antigens (FA-1 and FA-2) and endometrial proteins (PP12 and PP14) isolated from amniotic fluid; preliminary observations in fetal and maternal tissues. AB - Rabbit antihuman antibodies were derived by the injection of fractions of second trimester amniotic fluid known to contain proteins of endometrial/decidual origin. Using standard separation and absorption procedures, two antibody preparations were generated which demonstrated specificities against two and three proteins, respectively, in line immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Analysis against proteins of fetal, maternal, endometrial and placental origin revealed that the bispecific antiserum reacted only with placental protein 14 (PP14; also known as progestagen-dependent endometrial protein, PEP) and one other hitherto undescribed antigen referred to as Fetal Antigen 1 (FA-1) molecular mass 60 kDa; electrophoretic mobility: slow; alpha 1 alpha 2; fast, albumin. The trispecific antiserum demonstrated specifities against placental protein 12 (PP12), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and another previously undescribed antigen referred to as Fetal Antigen 2 (FA-2) molecular mass 35 and 140 kDa; electrophoretic mobility: albumin. Following purification, monospecific antisera against each of these proteins (with the exception of AFP) were derived in new rabbits. Maternal and fetal blood, amniotic fluid and aqueous extracts from endometrial/decidual and placental tissues were analysed in rocket immunoelectrophoresis using these antisera to examine the distribution in these tissues. The analyses demonstrated a pattern of distribution typical for proteins of endometrial/decidual origin in these compartments in the case of PP12 and PP14, but suggested that the primary source of origin of FA-1 and FA-2 may be the fetus. PMID- 3224747 TI - Analysis of cell three-dimensional locomotory vectors. AB - A method is presented for analysing the vectors of cells locomoting within three dimensional collagen gels. The method detected differences in locomotory vector patterns between cells locomoting in two different gel formats. The potential of this analytical method for determining the role of the extracellular matrix in modulating cell locomotory behaviour is discussed. PMID- 3224748 TI - Synergistic effect of natural human tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta in the clonogenic assay. AB - We tested the antiproliferative effect induced by the natural human tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta (nHuTNF-alpha, -beta) or a combination of these in the clonogenic assay. The antiproliferative effects were evaluated by examining the inhibition of clonogenic growth of RPMI-4788 cells, which had been established from a human colon cancer. TNF-alpha and -beta were natural human types produced by a B cell leukemia line (BALL-1 cells) and were both over 99% pure. The antiproliferative effect in combination of nHuTNF-alpha and -beta was analysed by using the median effect plot and the combination index. The results indicate a synergism between two factors. PMID- 3224749 TI - Differential distribution of B16F10 melanoma cells in the liver lobule. AB - The distribution pattern and the number of tumor cells arrested in the liver were studied in mouse livers. Mice were perfused intravascularly with a suspension of B16F10 melanoma cells. The animals were sacrificed at 0, 1, 5, and 20 min after tumor cell perfusion. The pattern of tumor cell distribution was studied by morphological methods, and by a combined method of fluorescent-tumor cell labelling and histochemical succinate dehydrogenase activity on frozen sections, in order to define the localization of tumor cells arrested in the liver lobule. The results show that the tumor cells have an exclusive distribution in the periportal regions of the liver lobule (identified as the high succinate dehydrogenase activity areas), and that the cells are not arrested in the pericentral regions (identified as the low succinate dehydrogenase activity areas). In addition, indomethacin treatment (2 mg/kg/day) induced an increase in the number of melanoma cells arrested in the liver, but a different distribution with respect to controls was not observed. These results show that periportal regions of the liver lobule constitute a particular domain in which the B16F10 melanoma cells present a special retention ability that can be modulated by indomethacin treatment. PMID- 3224751 TI - Yeasts for lipid production. PMID- 3224750 TI - Hansenula polymorpha as a novel yeast system for the expression of heterologous genes. AB - The advantages of Hansenula polymorpha as a new yeast expression system are discussed in terms of the powerful and regulatable methanol oxidase promoter and the organism's ability to grow on cheap carbon sources. The development of techniques for conventional genetic analysis is described. A total of 218 mutants have been assigned to 62 complementation groups, three genes have been found to be linked forming the first linkage group in this organism. Methods for molecular transformation have been developed allowing the expression of heterologous genes. The disruptive integration and expression of the neomycin phosphotransferase is described. PMID- 3224752 TI - Fermentation control and the use of calorimetry. PMID- 3224753 TI - Liposomes: from membrane model to therapeutic applications. PMID- 3224754 TI - The use of liposomes in the search for an understanding of the significance of membrane lipid diversity. PMID- 3224755 TI - Molecular recognition by dihydrofolate reductase: n.m.r. studies of protein ligand interactions. PMID- 3224756 TI - Protein-protein recognition via side-chain interactions. PMID- 3224757 TI - Tinkering with antibiotic resistance: chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and its substrates. PMID- 3224758 TI - Small nuclear RNA-protein complexes. PMID- 3224759 TI - Structure of mammalian DNA methyltransferase as deduced from the inferred amino acid sequence and direct studies of the protein. AB - DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase (DNA MeTase) establishes and maintains methylation patterns in the genome of higher eukaryotes. This enzyme has been purified, and the cDNA which encodes it has been cloned and sequenced. DNA MeTase appears to contain a large (1000 amino acid) N-terminal domain that contains potential metal-binding sites. This domain appears to contain a series of five to seven structural units of Mr about 20,000, since post-translational processing in vivo or partial proteolysis of the purified protein in vitro leads to the production of a series of catalytically active species differing in Mr by units of 20,000. The N-terminal domain is fused to a smaller (570 amino acid) C terminal domain that is related to bacterial type II cytosine methyltransferases. The relevance of these findings for the biological function of DNA MeTase is discussed. PMID- 3224760 TI - Kinetic and structural investigations of the replicative fidelity of the Klenow fragment. PMID- 3224761 TI - Molecular basis of antibody effector function. PMID- 3224762 TI - Parameters for the evaluation of long-term stability of tumour necrosis factor preparations. AB - Escherichia coli-derived Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) was formulated in the absence of a protein-carrier, both as a solution and as a lyophilized preparation. By means of three stability-indicating test methods (bioassay, SDS PAGE, IEF), the long-term stability of these TNF preparations was evaluated. Both preparations showed no change upon storage for 9 months at -70 degrees C and -20 degrees C. Depending upon the test method, different rates of change were detected at elevated temperature. The analysis presented will assist in the design of future TNF reference standards. PMID- 3224763 TI - TNF: its potential as an antitumour agent. AB - Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) was discovered on the basis of its capability to induce necrosis of certain tumours in vivo. A brief overview is given of the pleiotropic effects of TNF on a variety of cells, either transformed cells or normal, diploid cells. Many transformed cells are killed by TNF, especially in the presence of interferon-gamma or inhibitors of transcription or translation. Various activities of TNF on normal cells have been studied, especially those on the endothelial system; these effects may be relevant to an understanding of its toxicity. TNF presumably acts by activation of phospholipase-A2. A number of genes are induced by TNF and, for example, many cells produce interleukin-6. The latter acts on B-cells, on T-cells, on bone marrow cells and, last but not least, on hepatocytes, which results in the synthesis of acute phase proteins. Although the toxicity of TNF, especially in the presence of interferon, limits its wide applicability, it can nevertheless lead to complete tumour curing in experimental animals. Reduction of its toxicity, e.g. by indomethacin treatment, opens new possibilities for TNF as an antitumour drug, alone or in combination with interferon. PMID- 3224764 TI - Comparison of relevant biological assays for the determination of biological active erythropoietin. AB - Human recombinant erythropoietin (rh EPO), a glycoprotein hormone which is an obligatory growth factor for the proliferation and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitor cells, has been purified to homogeneity and compared to human urinary erythropoietin (EPO). Erythropoietin levels will be determined and standardized by in vivo bioassays in which endogenous erythropoietin production has been reduced by hypertransfusion or hyperbaric atmosphere. The effect of EPO on the rate of red cell production or Fe59 incorporation is used as measure of its erythropoietin content. Both in vivo assay systems will be compared with respect to standardization for routine laboratory use. For in vitro characterization of EPO the classical assay for Fe59 incorporation in in vitro rat bone marrow cells will be compared to the proliferation and H3 Thd uptake by treatment with phenylhydrazin enriched erythroid progenitors from mouse spleens. (The direct physiological effect of EPO on stem cells will be shown by differences in BFUe progenitor levels). Rh EPO is jointly developed by Integrated Genetics (Boston) and Behringwerke AG (Marburg). PMID- 3224765 TI - Increased phospholipase A2 activity of Ileal mucosa in Crohn's disease. AB - The activity of phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) in endoscopic biopsy specimens of intestinal mucosa was compared in patients with Crohn's disease and controls without inflammatory bowel disease. In postresection Crohn patients there was significantly enhanced phospholipase A2 activity proximal to the anastomosis in the neoterminal ileum, whether or not the mucosa was inflamed at the time of biopsy. Highly elevated ileal phospholipase A2 activity had a predictive value for symptomatic relapse within 1 year after resection. Patients with concomitant Crohn's colitis, in whom the risk of ileal recurrence is particularly high, had greater ileal phospholipase A2 activity than noncolitis Crohn patients. Association thus was demonstrated between activity of phospholipase A2 in ileal mucosa and proneness to ileal inflammation in Crohn's disease. PMID- 3224766 TI - Dead fecal yeasts and chronic diarrhea. AB - The authors report 20 patients in whom a large number of dead or severely damaged yeast cells, supposedly Candida albicans yeasts, were the possible cause of chronic recurrent diarrhea and abdominal cramps. It is suggested that the presence of large numbers of these microorganisms in stools may be considered among the possible etiologies of diarrhea in the 'irritable bowel syndrome'. The possible source of these yeast-like cells, the causes of cell damage, and the mechanisms by which these organisms may induce diarrhea should be investigated. PMID- 3224767 TI - New canine model of chronic pancreatitis due to chronic ischemia with incomplete pancreatic duct obstruction. AB - A new experimental model of chronic pancreatitis was produced by a combination of chronic ischemia and incomplete obstruction of the pancreatic duct. Ischemia was induced by ligation and separation of branches flowing into the left pancreatic lobe from the splenic artery. Incomplete ductal obstruction was achieved by ligation and separation of the minor pancreatic duct and placement of a polyethylene tube in the major pancreatic duct. Macroscopic examination at 6 months after model preparation showed that the pancreas was hard, with severe inflammatory change. In the secretin test, the flow rate of pancreatic juice, amylase output and bicarbonate concentration were significantly reduced as compared with the controls. Pancreatography revealed dilatation and meandering of the major pancreatic duct and poor visualization of its secondary and tertiary bifurcations. The histopathological findings consisted of a decrease in the pancreatic parenchyma, replacement of fat, severe inflammatory cell infiltration, extensive fibrosis and tubular complexes. This model most closely resembles human chronic pancreatitis, and is a very useful instrument. PMID- 3224768 TI - Long-term pancreatic-biliary diversion in the rat: persistent loss of mucosal enterokinase, with reinduction by delayed oral pancreatic biliary supplementation. AB - Diversion of pancreatic-biliary (PB) secretions in rats for 23 days led to loss of enterokinase (EK) activity in bypassed segments of the small intestine. Simultaneous oral trypsinogen and bile salt (TB) supplements prevented the loss of EK activity. To study the temporal course of events after PB diversion and to determine if the loss of EK is reversible, PB diversion was performed in rats by surgical transposition of the 4-cm segment of duodenum including the ampulla of Vater to a point 30 cm distal to its original site. Bypassed and control (sham- and nonoperated) rats fed standard rat chow were sacrificed at 10, 23, and 45 days after surgery. One bypassed group was fed standard chow for 23 days and then chow supplemented with TB until sacrifice at 45 days. At sacrifice, the intestines were divided into segment 1 (the bypassed proximal 30 cm) and segment 2 (the 30 cm distal to the bypass). In segment 1, EK disappeared almost completely by 10 days and remained at the same low levels at both 23 and 45 days (p less than 0.05). No significant changes in EK levels were found at any time in segment 2 distal to the bypass. Mucosal disaccharidase activity in segment 1 increased or showed no change. In rats with delayed TB supplementation, EK activity in segment 1 returned almost to control levels at the time of sacrifice. The results confirm the importance of PB secretions in the maintenance of EK activity. The effects of bypass on EK are both enzyme- and site specific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224769 TI - Evidence of echoic memory with a multichannel cochlear prosthesis. AB - Short-term memory was examined in a subject with a multichannel cochlear prosthesis. Serial recall for lists of digits revealed what are widely regarded as the principal hallmarks of echoic memory, namely the recency effect and the suffix effect. Thus, probability of recall increased for the last one or two digits, except when a nominally irrelevant but spoken item was appended to the to be-remembered list. It appears, therefore, that a multichannel cochlear implant can give rise to not only the perception of, but also an echoic memory for, speech. As with normal subjects, the suffix effect did not occur with a nonspeech suffix, implying that the echoic memory from the prosthesis shows normal sensitivity to the distinction between speech and nonspeech. PMID- 3224770 TI - Retest stability of the communication profile for the hearing impaired. AB - Retest stability of the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired (CPHI) was assessed in a sample of 101 active-duty military personnel who attended the Aural Rehabilitation Program at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Pretests were administered by referring audiologists; retests were administered from 6 to 40 weeks later, at the beginning of the rehabilitation program. Mean scores on 5 of the 25 scales of the CPHI decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) over time, but the changes were small in magnitude (approximately -0.20). Distributions of retest-test differences were used to establish criteria for inferring significant improvement in scores over time. Retest correlations for scales in the communication environment, communication strategies, and personal adjustment areas ranged from 0.58 to 0.78. Communication performance and communication importance were less stable (r = 0.28 to 0.54). Retest correlations were comparable for short versus long retest intervals, but varied as a function of military rank. Implications of the results for clinical use of the CPHI are discussed. PMID- 3224771 TI - Probe-tube microphone measures in hearing-impaired children and adults. AB - This study was designed to investigate the reliability of real-ear measurements of sound pressure level (SPL) and to compare these values with two coupler measures of SPL. A commercially available probe tube microphone system was used to measure real ear SPL in both children and adults. Test-retest reliability decreased as a function of frequency for both groups and, in general, was slightly poorer for the children. For both groups, coupler to real ear differences were larger for the 2 cm3 coupler than for the reduced volume coupler; however, no significant differences were observed between groups. In addition, a measure of ear canal volume was not found to be a good predictor of coupler to real ear discrepancies. PMID- 3224772 TI - Occupational hearing loss: an aural rehabilitation program for workers and their spouses, characteristics of the program and target group (participants and nonparticipants). AB - Until very recently, aural rehabilitation programs designed specifically for workers with occupational hearing loss were nonexistent in the Province of Quebec. A pilot study has been conducted to test and develop suitable services for these workers and their spouses, and to explore the factors causing them to seek (or on the other hand, avoid) professional assistance. A trial rehabilitation program was set up for this purpose. Results of a questionnaire conducted among program participants showed that the main factors leading to enrollment in the program were the acknowledgement of moderate or severe hearing handicap and the recognition of the need for help (particularly with problems such as tinnitus and stress, and in using strategies to facilitate communication). These results lend support to the idea of adopting a new approach to rehabilitation services for occupational hearing loss workers. According to the findings of the study, only a very small percentage of workers and spouses participated in the rehabilitation program, despite measures taken to adapt it to their needs. Low enrollment in the rehabilitation program suggests the need for: (1) a more well-defined target population, (2) strategies to promote greater understanding, awareness, and acceptance of hearing handicap on the part of occupational hearing loss workers and peoples surrounding them, (3) education at the work place and in society in general to increase motivation and awareness of the benefits of aural rehabilitation services, (4) integration of the program within the general health program in the work place, (5) measures to enhance the credibility of professionals in the rehabilitation services, (6) general and specific programs and follow-up services, and (7) more accessible services. PMID- 3224773 TI - Audiological findings in children with neonatal herpes. AB - Hearing sensitivity was assessed in 20 children who were diagnosed as having symptomatic neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The subjects were seen as part of an interdisciplinary project that included audiological, medical, visual, and developmental assessments. Audiologic procedures consisted of behavioral and/or auditory brain stem tests and immittance audiometry. Eighteen children were found to have normal hearing and 2 were documented as having sensorineural hearing impairments. Similarities in the manner in which HSV and congenital cytomegalovirus affect the auditory mechanism are discussed. PMID- 3224775 TI - Three studies comparing performance of the ER-3A tubephone with the TDH-50P earphone. AB - Three studies compared the performance of the ER-3A Tubephone insert earphone and the TDH-50P-MX41/AR supra-aural earphone. The three factors addressed were: threshold differences in children 7 to 10 yr old compared to adults, differences in real ear attenuation, and threshold differences in the presence of high background noise levels. The influence of insertion depth of the ER-3A Tubephone was also investigated. Findings showed no significant threshold differences between children and adults, significantly better real ear attenuation for the ER 3A Tubephone, and significantly better thresholds for the ER-3A in the presence of high background noise levels. Most critically, there was a significant change in attenuation characteristics of the ER-3A Tubephone, which was dependent on the insertion depth of the ear-tip. PMID- 3224774 TI - Magnitude estimations of the intelligibility and quality of speech in noise. AB - Inexperienced normal hearing listeners judged the intelligibility and quality of hearing aid processed speech using magnitude estimation. Four trials were conducted for each judgment type at two S/N ratios, 0 and 7 dB. There were no significant effects due to judgment type, S/N ratio or trial; however, noticeable differences in the variability of these factors were apparent. Inter- and intrasubject standard deviations for quality estimations were lower than for intelligibility estimations while intersubject standard deviations were greater at 0 dB than at 7 dB S/N ratio and decreased over trial. Overall intrasubject variability was greater than would probably be acceptable for clinical applications. Across hearing aid conditions, magnitude estimations were positively correlated with word recognition scores but were less affected by changes in S/N ratio. PMID- 3224776 TI - Frequency dependence of interear asymmetries and binaural interaction in the human ABR. AB - In the present study derived auditory brain stem responses utilizing high pass masking were used to determine the frequency dependence of interear asymmetries and binaural interaction. Eight female adults with normal hearing participated in this study. The ABR was recorded for right and left ears and binaurally with clicks alone and in the presence of high pass masking noise with the following cutoff frequencies: 4000, 2000, 1000, and 500 Hz. Derived responses were obtained by successive waveform subtractions and were analyzed for significant right/left asymmetries, for latency and amplitude, utilizing a statistical method discussed by Spivak (unpublished doctoral dissertation, City University of New York, 1985). The binomial test revealed that the frequency of latency and amplitude asymmetries was not significantly above chance levels for the unmasked measures or for any of the derived bandwidth measures. The binaural interaction component (BIC) was obtained utilizing the method proposed by Dobie and Berlin (Arch Otolaryngol 1979; 105:391-398), and was expressed as a percentage of the true binaural. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in the ratio of the BIC amplitude to the true binaural amplitude as a function of the high pass masking cutoff frequency. The present data suggests that for the frequency bandwidths analyzed in this study, there are no specific frequency dependencies of interear asymmetries or binaural interaction in the human ABR. PMID- 3224777 TI - Development of ABR parameters in a preterm and a term born population. AB - Auditory brain stem responses were recorded in full term infants (N = 465) and in unselected preterm infants (N = 178) who were tested in, respectively, 10 and 12 age groups from birth until 5 yr. The latencies of waves I and V as well as the wave I-wave V delay and the wave V to wave I amplitude ratio were compared at the various age groups. It was found that the mean absolute latency values in the preterm group were significantly longer than for the full term group up to about 2 yr of age. In contrast, the I-V delay and the amplitude ratio were not different. It is concluded that prematurity does not cause a different rate of maturation for the ABR compared to full term infants. In addition, it is suggested that the differences in absolute latencies can be explained on the basis of a higher incidence of otitis media in the preterm population. PMID- 3224778 TI - Temporal characteristics of aural acoustic-immittance instruments. AB - Temporal response to a simulated rapid change in acoustic immittance was recorded from 13 aural acoustic-immittance devices. Ten measures of latency were obtained from the responses. The derived temporal data showed considerable variance across instruments. The variance was affected by the site from which the temporal response was recorded in the instrument and in one case by differences among samples of the same model. PMID- 3224779 TI - The care of children in the United Kingdom. AB - After reviewing trends in mortality, morbidity and social issues, such as unemployment, divorce and behaviour patterns, consideration is given to the recommendations of the body which conducted the first major review of services for children and how far their recommendations have been realised. PMID- 3224780 TI - Fragmentation and external control or discipline and internal rigour? PMID- 3224781 TI - Physicians' attitudes to after-hours callers: a five year study in a university based family practice centre. AB - A study of 8179 after-hour calls over a five year period is reported from a single training family practice centre. The analysis of the perceived validity of after-hours calls and the physicians' reactions to these contacts showed important differences with regard to patients' race, sex and age and frequency of calls per patient. Negative attitudes were particularly evident in relation to frequent users of after-hours services, black female patients, psychological problems and calls for prescriptions. Possible explanations for these differences are discussed. PMID- 3224782 TI - The submerged part of the iceberg and the family physician. AB - The paper describes an effort to make contact with a part of the population registered with a family practice in an Israeli neighbourhood health centre. Of 407 files reviewed, of patients aged 45 years and over, 15.5% showed there had been no contact with the family doctor for at least three years. The patients were invited to make an appointment for an examination. The experience of the study led to the following conclusions: (1) files are often out-of-date, containing patients no longer in the practice; (2) an invitation is insufficient motivation for most patients to visit the doctor but it can serve as a trigger when there is an existing problem; (3) a considerable number of patients with some direct contact with the health care system obtain care in what is called 'corridor medicine'; (4) significant health problems were identified among those who came and ease of mind was provided for others; (5) data in the files for earlier periods indicated significant untreated illness in all patients. If this survey in a single practice is in any way typical, a serious problem of health care delivery confronts the family practitioner. PMID- 3224783 TI - How illness presents: a study in the People's Republic of China. AB - Twenty-six patients were interviewed in five clinics at the Hunan Medical School in the People's Republic of China to assess the degree to which patients presenting with medical problems had primarily underlying psychological and social concerns. Patients in all five clinics (paediatrics, internal medicine, otolaryngology, urology and gynaecology) demonstrated a high degree of non medical concerns. Fear of cancer was common. Many patients mentioned concerns about their children, sexual problems, or other family problems. Both patients and physicians seemed to be comfortable discussing the patients' personal problems and concerns. A medical presentation of psychosocial concerns was as common in China as it is in the United States. PMID- 3224784 TI - Recognition of dementia in general practice: comparison of general practitioners' opinions with assessments using the mini-mental state examination and the Blessed dementia rating scale. AB - In a study of 226 elderly residents in a retirement village in Sydney, Australia, general practitioners' opinions about dementia status had high positive and negative predictive values and high specificity, but low sensitivity when evaluated against the mini-mental state examination and the Blessed dementia rating scale. General practitioners were found to disagree with these two measures more often when patients were in advanced old age, and when they considered the patients to be depressed. We conclude that the general practitioner can increase his or her sensitivity to dementia in the elderly by use of either measure. PMID- 3224785 TI - Antibiotics and the adult sore throat--an unnecessary ceremony. AB - Antibiotics are overprescribed for patients with sore throats for many reasons, including the difficulties in diagnosing the cause of the symptom, as well as the pharmacological and placebo strength of antibiotics. Two hundred adult patients presenting to one general practitioner were divided into two groups. One group was given an antibiotic, the efficacy of which was stressed, and the other group was given symptomatic treatment with an explanation that no antibiotic was needed. Six months after the initial consultation the patients' notes were checked for return visits with respiratory complaints. Significantly more patients who received an antibiotic returned to the doctor with respiratory problems, especially young men. During the study, few patients resisted either a high or low prescribing policy. It is concluded that antibiotic treatment for sore throats did not prevent complication for the patient. Furthermore, high antibiotic prescribing created more work for the doctor by increasing the repeat visit rate. Patients were equally compliant with a high or low antibiotic prescribing policy. PMID- 3224787 TI - [10th meeting of anatomists of the Alpine Region. Cologne (Federal Republic of Germany), 28-30 May 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3224786 TI - Common and not so common abbreviations: do you understand them? PMID- 3224788 TI - [The individual muscles of the shoulder limb of Pudu pudu (Molina 1782)]. AB - The present study gives a topographic description of the muscles of the thoracic limb of Pudu pudu (Molina 1782). This description is intended as basis for surgery, but is also to be rated as a morphological study. The results are therefore discussed together with findings in Dama dama, Capreolus capreolus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, and also with findings in cattle and pigs. PMID- 3224789 TI - [The sagittal dimension of the sinus frontalis, its wall thickness, distance from the lamina cribrosa, the depth of the so-called olfactory groove and the ethmoidal canal]. AB - The anterior and the posterior wall of the frontal sinus and its anterior posterior depth on the deepest area were measured in the sagittal medial plan and 2 cm outside of the median. Also estimated were the distance between the posterior side of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus and the anterior border of the lamina cribrosa (mean value 17.4 mm). The depth of the olfactory rim was measured in the anterior, the middle, and the posterior third of the lamina cribrosa. There was measured also the lower surface of the lamina cribrosa and the level of the ethmoidal canals to the lamina cribrosa and its dehiscences. PMID- 3224790 TI - [Macroscopic presentation of the bones of the pelvic limb of Pudu pudu (Molina 1782)]. AB - The present study describes the anatomical details of the bones of the pelvic limb from Pudu pudu (Molina 1782). The results were similar to findings in Dama dama and Ovis aries, while there were very few similarities to findings in Capra hircus. PMID- 3224791 TI - [The lumbosacral transition: morphologic variations and their functional significance]. AB - The articular facet of a superior articular process of the sacrum is directed backward, inward, and upward with marked variations. 4 angles characterize the orientation of this facet: a) The relative angle of tilt: i.e. the angle between the articular facet and the upper end-plate of the sacrum, measured in a sagittal plane. b) The absolute angle of tilt: i.e. the angle between the articular facet and the horizontal plane, measured in a sagittal plane. c) The tilted part-angle of opening: i.e. the angle between the articular facet and the sagittal plane, measured in a plane parallel to the upper end-plate of the sacrum. d) The horizontal part-angle of opening: i.e. the angle between the articular facet and the sagittal plane, measured in a horizontal plane. These 4 angles are determined by characteristic straights within the articular facet and certain reference planes (upper end-plate of the sacrum, horizontal plane, sagittal plane). Only 2 intersecting straights suffice for an adequate determination of a geometrical plane; therefore, if we know the relative angle of tilt and the tilted part-angle of opening, we are able to construct or to calculate the absolute angle of tilt as well as the horizontal part-angle of opening by using the range of inclination of the sacrum. The shape as well as the orientation of the articular facets at the superior articular processes of the sacrum do not depend on the inclination of the pelvis nor on the inclination of the sacrum nor on the range of the lumbosacral angle. Only the absolute angle of tilt shows a reference to the inclination of the sacrum because the relative angle of tilt shows a certain constancy. The orientation of the articular facets is slightly influenced by static moments, but considerably determined by dynamical requirements. At spines with irregular numbers of praesacral vertebrae, the orientation of the lumbosacral articular facets do not differ from the orientation of these facets at spines with the regular number of 24 praesacral vertebrae. This, however, does not prove right at spines, that have a lumbosacral "transitional vertebra". Such lumbosacral transitional vertebrae detract much from the stability of the lumbosacral region of the spine. PMID- 3224792 TI - Morphological studies of the choriocapillaries and pigment epithelium of the eye after acute blood loss. AB - Albino mice were bled through the hearts and 1/3 ml of blood withdrawn from each animal. The choriocapillaries and the pigment epithelia of the eyes were selected for observations using the electron microscope. Morphological changes were apparent during the first 72 h after bleeding. Increase of vesicles in both the endothelial cells and the basal infoldings of pigment cells were features. Thickening of basal infoldings, thinning out of Bruch's membrane (with decrease content of fibrillary substances) as well as a transient disappearance of the diaphragms of pores of endothelial cells were also observed. Trypan blue dye was also found to have diffused into the retina in the first 24 h after bleeding. These processes appeared to augment the decreased nutrient supply to the retina after blood loss. PMID- 3224793 TI - Studies on quantitative morphology. XI. Morphometrical determination of connective tissue in rat livers. AB - Even under similar experimental conditions, the distribution of connective tissue in cirrhotic rat livers may be more or less heterogeneous. Although there seem to be no extreme differences between the lobes, it is advisable to measure several step sections with equal or approximately equal distances instead of 1 section only. Presupposing a sufficient number of hits, all net point distances up to 0.6 mm do not influence the accuracy to a greater extent. PMID- 3224794 TI - A quantitative study on the myenteric plexus of the distal end of the human esophagus. AB - The densities of ganglia and nerve cells in the myenteric plexus of the last distal 11 cm of the human esophagus were determined in 6 esophagi from autopsy material. The densities of ganglia and nerve cells in cresyl violet-stained stretch preparations of 11 esophageal segments, each 1 cm in length, were compared. The highest values were recorded in segments 4, 5, and 6 cm above cardiac incisura. The lowest densities of ganglia and nerve cells were found in segments 1, 2, and 3 cm above the cardiac incisura. The segments contained 659 to 3,316 perikarya/cm2 and 31 to 110 ganglia/cm2; ganglia contained 3 to 310 cells. PMID- 3224795 TI - [Corrosion anatomical studies of the rete mirabile and the brain basal vessels of pygmy goats]. AB - The rete mirabile and cerebral arteries represent a multifunctional system. Age associated morphological changes at the rete mirabile and major cerebral arteries were observed in pygmy goats. The most important arteries for cerebral circulation are the ramus rostralis and ramus caudalis of the maxillary artery. The persistence of the internal carotid artery ( = 80%) in newborn and adult goats is a quite new result. The thermoregulatory function of head fighting mammals with a large frontal sinus and the mechanical function of the rete mirabile were discussed. PMID- 3224796 TI - [The characteristic musculature of the pelvic limbs of Pudu pudu (Molina 1782)]. AB - The present study gives a topographic description of the muscles of the pelvic limb of Pudu pudu (Molina 1782). The tabular composed results are discussed together with findings in Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus, Ovis aries, and Capra hircus. PMID- 3224797 TI - [The topography of the organs of the thoracic cavity of the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius Linne 1758)]. AB - With the aid of a juvenile Hippopotamus amphibius (L. 1758), the thorax and its organs has been examined under the macroscopic anatomic aspect. The description of the topography was the main subject. The present findings have been compared with the situation found in related domesticated mammalians (pig, ruminants). Several significant differences from those and similarities to other species were noticed. The appearance of the lung does not agree with the one of the severe divided lung in pigs and ruminants. It is more similar to the lung in horses as well as the thymus which here only consists of a thoracal part. The Nn. vagi don't divide into a dorsal and ventral branch. Because of this, their position is an extraordinary one in comparison to all domesticated mammalians. In addition to this, the N. phrenicus dexter diverts from the well known conditions due to its solitary course. PMID- 3224798 TI - [Transmission electron microscopic studies of the organization of the ependymocytes in the central canal of the spinal cord of Cercopithecus nigroviridis (Pocock 1907), (Platyrrhina, Cercopithecoidea)]. AB - The ependyma of the central canal of the spinal cord of the monkey Cercopithecus nigroviridis was examined by transmission electron microscopy. In the lumbar region and in the filum terminale, many cytoplasmatic protrusions are visible. They are irregular in size and shape and display many microvilli. They are extending into the lumen of the central canal. The basal parts of the ependymocytes occasionally have a very close association with the ependymal blood vessels. The pericapillary space, the pericapillary structures like pericytes and collagen fibrils, and the basal lamina are absent. Opposite branches of the ependymocytes growing together could be observed in the central canal, eventually forming a cytoplasmic unit. Cytoplasmatic extensions of the ependymocytes bridge the lumen of the central canal and melt into each another. Lacunae, such as described by LEONHARDT (1980) in the apical cytoplasm of the ependyma in the rabbit, do also exist in the ependyma coating the central canal of the spinal cord of the monkey Cercopithecus nigroviridis. Some of these lacunae have direct contact to the luminar surface of the central canal, others are separated. Cilia and short microvilli are coating the lacunae. Adjacent ependymal cells form complex interdigitations with each other. Close to their surface on the central canal, there are numerous zonulae adhaerentes. Profiles of the granular and agranular endoplasmatic reticulum are in very close contact to the fine filaments of the zonulae. PMID- 3224799 TI - [The hiatus semiluminaris, the infundibulum and the ostium of the sinus maxillaris, the anterior attached zone of the concha nasalis and its distance to the landmarks of the outer and inner nose]. AB - The authors described the Infundibulum and Ostium of the maxillary sinus, its width and location and course in the Hiatus semilunaris. There were counted and measured also the accessory Ostia, the Processus uncinatus and Bulla ethmoidalis and distances to landmarks between the outer nose and the Limen nasi to these structures. PMID- 3224800 TI - [The dialectic of glottogenesis--a contribution to the foundation of biolinguistics]. AB - Some analogies were demonstrated between the spontaneous acquisition of phonemes, especially gutturals and clicks, and their also spontaneous extinction during the early babble phase of infants on the one hand and the appearance and involution of some blastemata throughout the human ontogenesis on the other hand. Also analogues seem to be the producing of the so-called instinctives as mam(m)a and papa by somewhat older babies which are able to pass over from the babbling into permanent words of the adults' speech in which they persist if used without shifting of sounds since they are produced de novo generation by generation, but they are subordinate to shifting and possible extinction if used in the form of derivatives in the standard language, and some phenomena of the phylogenesis as the survival of less differentiated species contrary to the relatively quick extinction of the highly specialized ones. Thus the glottogenesis is a dialectic process consisting of interaction by formation, differentiation, and involution. PMID- 3224801 TI - [Modelling and model-free mathematical description of biological relationships]. AB - The features of the modelling and the model free approaches for handling measured data of functional connections in respect to their advantages as well as to their troubles will be discussed theoretically and by means of morphometrical, histokinetical, and chronobiological examples. PMID- 3224802 TI - Studies on quantitative morphology. XII. Distribution of thyroid gland compartments in an activated rabbit thyroid gland. AB - A series of longitudinally cut step sections with a distance of 50 microns of a rabbit thyroid gland was measured by point counting for the relative tissue elements colloid, epithelium, and interstitium. Furthermore, the ratio epithelium:colloid was computed, which was somewhat high, indicating an activated stage. Higher colloid data were found in the outer regions and insignificantly lower epithelium values. Neither the volume data nor the distribution of the structure elements show any difference between both of the lobes. The degree of heterogeneity was comparably low, but only about 30% of all data for the relative colloid percentages or for the ratios are enclosed in a range of +/- 5% in relation to the most accurate value from all hits all over the gland, and about 20% of the ratio data are crossing the +/- 20% borderlines. It was calculated that measuring of not more than 5 sections with approximately equal distances with a very few 10(3) hits yields values of an acceptable accuracy for all parameters and this with a reasonable time expense. PMID- 3224803 TI - The ventral metacarpo- and metatarso-phalangeal sesamoid bones: comparative anatomy and evolutionary aspects. AB - A study of comparative anatomy was made to determine the distribution of metapodo phalangeal sesamoid bones among the different mammalian species for a better understanding of the variations and origins of these bones in man, and that in the context of renewed interest in non-metrical characteristics of the post cranial skeleton in physical anthropology. The material used included 457 non primate mammalian skeletons divided into 18 orders, 63 families, and 161 genera, 211 non-human primate skeletons divided into 37 genera, and 2,500 human radiographs (1,250 hands and 1,250 feet). 2 sesamoid bones were constantly observed for each metapodo-phalangeal joint in almost all mammalian orders. Modifications of the general mammalian pattern were observed only in man and a small number of primate genera, all closely related to man and called anthropoid apes; these modifications consist of the more or less complete disappearance of some or all sesamoid bones and often of a morphological heteropody. All the genera concerned use brachiation or probably have brachiating ancestors. Some morphological characteristics could apparently be related to specific modes of locomotion, namely the shape, more or less oblong, pear-like or round, according to genera or digits, and the possible fusion of the 2 sesamoid bones of the same digit to form a unique ossified structure. PMID- 3224804 TI - Studies on the size of human male gonad in biomorphosis, alcohol intoxication, and cirrhosis--a review and own findings. AB - The size of the testicle (absolute weight, relative weight as the index X, length, and width was measured in 142 late patients aged 17 to 87 a (mean age = 54 a) serving as controls, in 193 deceased patients aged 20 to 81 a (mean age = 47 a) with a history of alcoholism, and in 136 defunct patients aged 30 to 92 a (mean age = 59 a) with cirrhosis. A significant difference in the mean size of the testicles was demonstrated between the cirrhosis group and both the control and alcoholism groups. No statistically significant differences was observed between the control group and the alcoholism group. The degree of acute alcoholic intoxication has no significant effect on the degree of testicular atrophy. Chronic alcoholism exerted a more significant effect on the degree of testicular atrophy than acute alcoholism. Coexistent cirrhosis increased this difference even more. The type of cirrhosis and the degree of its inflammatory activity had no significant influence on the testicular size. Such effect was demonstrated, however, if diffuse fatty infiltration of the cirrhotic liver was present. In the biomorphosis, the greatest mean testicular size was observed in the 4th and 5th decade of life. From the 6th decade on, the testicular size decreased statistically significantly. The curve of the values of the mean testicular size in alcoholism was more flat than in the control group and was situated below it. No statistically significant differences among the values of the testicular size in this curve were found. The testicular size curve in cirrhosis was below both these curves, and a statistically significant difference was found between the 7th and the 9th decades. The mean weight of the testicules in controls, alcoholics, and patients with cirrhosis was 17.58, 16.49, and 13.25 g, respectively, the mean volume was 16.37, 15.34, and 12.21 ml, respectively, the value of the index X was 2.47, 2.52, and 1.97, respectively, the testicular length was 5.05, 4.08, and 3.61 cm, respectively, the width was 2.93, 2.87, and 2.70 cm, respectively. PMID- 3224805 TI - [The anatomic variability of the intervertebral foramina L4----L5 and L5----S1 in the light of planimetric studies]. AB - The were studied 168 intervertebral foramina on the levels L4 to L5 and L5 to S1 as well as the thickness of the spinal nerve by application of the planimetric method. An index of the tightness of the intervertebral foramina has been established. The narrowness of intervertebral foramina has been found to occur much more frequently on the right side of both of the tested levels, what is the reason of increased occurrence of lumbosacral syndrome of pain on this side. PMID- 3224806 TI - Functional disturbance of rat sexual accessory glands in an early phase of lead intoxication. AB - In order to investigate the effects of chronic lead intoxication on sexual accessory glands adult male Wistar rats were poisoned by ad libitum ingestion of lead acetate at concentrations of 0.5 g/l and 1.0 g/l for 90 d. Blood lead exhibited a significant increase in both treated groups. A decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin, besides a rise in glycemic levels, confirmed lead intoxication. No sign of lesion was detected upon histologic examination of prostate, seminal vesicle, and coagulating gland. A morphometric technique revealed that, in this early phase of intoxication, no alteration occurred in the prostate's and seminal vesicle's epithelial height. However, a significant decrease in fructose content was observed in both lead treated groups. The results, revealing a precocious envolvement of male sexual accessory glands in lead intoxication, were related to disturbance in plasma testosterone level and also probably in androgen receptors. PMID- 3224807 TI - A conditional mutant having paralyzed cilia and a block in cytokinesis is rescued by cytoplasmic exchange in Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - Nineteen mutants that are conditional for both the ability to regain motility following deciliation and the ability to grow were isolated. The mutations causing slow growth were placed into five complementation groups. None of the mutations appears to affect energy production as all mutants remained motile at the restrictive temperature. In three complementation groups protein synthesis and the levels of mRNA encoding alpha-tubulin or actin were largely unaffected at the restrictive temperature, consistent with the hypothesis that mutations in these three groups directly affect the assembly of functional cilia and growth. Complementation group 1 was chosen for further characterization. Both phenotypes were shown to be linked, suggesting they are caused by a single mutation. Group 1 mutants regenerated cilia at the restrictive temperature, but the cilia were nonmotile. This mutation also caused a block in cytokinesis at the restrictive temperature but did not affect nuclear divisions or DNA synthesis. The block in cell division was transiently rescued by wild-type cytoplasm exchanged when mutants were paired with wild-type cells during conjugation (round 1 of genomic exclusion). Thus, at least one mutation has been isolated that affects assembly of some microtubule-based structures in Tetrahymena (cilia during regeneration) but not others (nuclei divide at 38 degrees), and the product of this gene is likely to play a role in both ciliary function and in cytokinesis. PMID- 3224808 TI - Structure and evolution of the Adh genes of Drosophila mojavensis. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the Adh region of Drosophila mojavensis has been completed and the region found to contain a pseudogene, Adh-2 and Adh-1 arranged in that order. Comparison of the sequence divergence of these genes to one another and to the Adh region of Drosophila mulleri and other species has allowed the development of a model for the evolution of the duplication of the Adh genes. There have been two major events. An initial duplication of an Adh gene whose dual promoter structure was similar to Drosophila melanogaster, resulted in a species with two Adh genes, one of which may have had only a proximal promoter. A second duplication of this gene generated an Adh region containing three genes. It is proposed that one of these is the ancestral gene having dual promoters, while the other two possess only proximal promoters. Subsequent events have resulted in both a change in the regulation of Adh-2 such that it is expressed as if it had a "distal" type promoter and the mutational inactivation of the most upstream gene resulting in the creation of a pseudogene. The sequence of the D. mojavensis Adh region has also revealed the presence of an element which is composed of juxtaposed inverted imperfectly repeated elements. There is a surprising and not fully explainable strong similarity of the nucleotide sequence of the 5' flanking region of the pseudogene in D. mojavensis and D. mulleri. PMID- 3224809 TI - Evolution by gene duplication and compensatory advantageous mutations. AB - Relaxation of selective constraint is thought to play an important role for evolution by gene duplication, in connection with compensatory advantageous mutant substitutions. Models were investigated by incorporating gene duplication by unequal crossing over, selection, mutation and random genetic drift into Monte Carlo simulations. Compensatory advantageous mutations were introduced, and simulations were carried out with and without relaxation, when genes are redundant on chromosomes. Relaxation was introduced by assuming that deleterious mutants have no effect on fitness, so long as one or more genes free of such mutations remain in the array. Compensatory mutations are characterized by the intermediate deleterious step of their substitutions, and therefore relaxation by gene redundancy is important. Through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, it was found that compensatory mutant substitutions require relaxation in addition to gene duplication, when mutant effects are large. However when mutant effects are small, such that the product of selection coefficient and population size is around unity, evolution by compensatory mutation is enhanced by gene duplication even without relaxation. PMID- 3224810 TI - On measures of gametic disequilibrium. AB - Various measures have been proposed for characterizing the statistical association that arises between alleles at different loci. Hedrick has compared these measures with the standardized measure D' proposed by Lewontin on the grounds that this latter measure is independent of allele frequency. Although D' has the same range for all allelic frequencies, in fact, D' is not "independent" of allele frequency, and no measure with that general property is possible for the multilocus association problem. The insolubility of this problem arises from the ill-defined nature of general "association." PMID- 3224811 TI - King's formula for the mutation load with epistasis. AB - A formula by J. L. King gives the equilibrium mutation load as L = 2 sigma ui(1 - qi)/z - x) in which ui is the mutation rate to deleterious alleles at the ith locus, qi is the frequency of mutant alleles at this locus, x is the mean number of such mutant genes per individual before selection, z is the mean number in individuals eliminated by selection, and the summation is over all relevant loci. We show that this rule is inaccurate for intense selection and that a correct formula is L = 2 sigma ui(1 - qi) w/(z - x) = 2U w/(z - x) = 2U/(z - x + 2U) in which U is the mean number of new mutations per haploid genome in the population and w is the mean relative fitness before selection. If w/(z - x) less than 1/2, the mutation load is less than the Haldane value (U less than or equal to L less than or equal to 2U) and can be considerably less. In a diploid asexual population, however, with independent occurrence of mutations, L = 1 - e-2U regardless of the mode of selection. PMID- 3224812 TI - Genetic analysis of two mutations affecting thymidine metabolism in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The tmpA600 mutation confers thymidylate synthase deficiency and thymidine auxotrophy to Dictyostelium discoideum. The tdrA600 mutation enhances transport of thymidine and thereby reduces the auxotrophic requirement of tmpA600 strains. The tmpA locus maps to linkage group III. The tdrA600 mutation is dominant and cosegregates with both linkage groups IV and VI, possibly because of a translocation between the two. The tdrA600 allele is sufficient to allow efficient incorporation of exogenous [3H]thymidine or [3H]uridine into TCA precipitable material and to sensitize the cell to the nucleoside-analog inhibitor, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. These properties make the tdrA mutation useful for studies requiring labelling of DNA or RNA in vivo. PMID- 3224813 TI - A genetic analysis of suppressors of the PF10 mutation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AB - A mutation at the PF10 locus of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii leads to abnormal cell motility. The asymmetric form of the ciliary beat stroke characteristic of wild-type flagella is modified by this mutation to a nearly symmetric beat. We report here that this abnormal motility is a conditional phenotype that depends on light intensity. In the absence of light or under low light intensities, the motility is more severely impaired than at higher light intensities. By UV mutagenesis we obtained 11 intragenic and 70 extragenic strains that show reversion of the pf10 motility phenotype observed in low light. The intragenic events reverted the motility phenotype of the pf10 mutation completely. The extragenic events define at least seven suppressor loci; these map to linkage groups IV, VII, IX, XI, XII and XVII. Suppressor mutations at two of the seven loci (LIS1 and LIS2) require light for their suppressor activity. Forty-eight of the 70 extragenic suppressors were examined in heterozygous diploid cells; 47 of these mutants were recessive to the wild-type allele and one mutant (bop5-1) was dominant to the wild-type allele. Complementation analysis of the 47 recessive mutants showed unusual patterns. Most mutants within a recombinationally defined group failed to complement one another, although there were pairs that showed intra-allelic complementation. Additionally, some of the mutants at each recombinationally defined locus failed to complement mutants at other loci. They define dominant enhancers of one another. PMID- 3224814 TI - Maternal-effect lethal mutations on linkage group II of Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - We have analyzed a set of linkage group (LG) II maternal-effect lethal mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans isolated by a new screening procedure. Screens of 12,455 F1 progeny from mutagenized adults resulted in the recovery of 54 maternal effect lethal mutations identifying 29 genes. Of the 54 mutations, 39 are strict maternal-effect mutations defining 17 genes. These 17 genes fall into two classes distinguished by frequency of mutation to strict maternal-effect lethality. The smaller class, comprised of four genes, mutated to strict maternal-effect lethality at a frequency close to 5 X 10(-4), a rate typical of essential genes in C. elegans. Two of these genes are expressed during oogenesis and required exclusively for embryogenesis (pure maternal genes), one appears to be required specifically for meiosis, and the fourth has a more complex pattern of expression. The other 13 genes were represented by only one or two strict maternal alleles each. Two of these are identical genes previously identified by nonmaternal embryonic lethal mutations. We interpret our results to mean that although many C. elegans genes can mutate to strict maternal-effect lethality, most genes mutate to that phenotype rarely. Pure maternal genes, however, are among a smaller class of genes that mutate to maternal-effect lethality at typical rates. If our interpretation is correct, we are near saturation for pure maternal genes in the region of LG II balanced by mnC1. We conclude that the number of pure maternal genes in C. elegans is small, being probably not much higher than 12. PMID- 3224815 TI - The effects of translocations on recombination frequency in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, recombination suppression in translocation heterozygotes is severe and extensive. We have examined the meiotic properties of two translocations involving chromosome I, szT1(I;X) and hT1(I;V). No recombination was observed in either of these translocation heterozygotes along the left (let-362-unc-13) 17 map units of chromosome I. Using half translocations as free duplications, we mapped the breakpoints of szT1 and hT1. The boundaries of crossover suppression coincided with the physical breakpoints. We propose that DNA sequences at the right end of chromosome I facilitate pairing and recombination. We use the data from translocations of other chromosomes to map the location of pairing sites on four other chromosomes. hT1 and szT1 differed markedly in their effect on recombination adjacent to the crossover suppressed region. hT1 had no effect on recombination in the adjacent interval. In contrast, the 0.8 map unit interval immediately adjacent to the szT1(I;X) breakpoint on chromosome I increased to 2.5 map units in translocation heterozygotes. This increase occurs in a chromosomal interval which can be expanded by treatment with radiation. These results are consistent with the suggestion that the szT1(I) breakpoint is in a region of DNA in which meiotic recombination is suppressed relative to the genomic average. We propose that DNA sequences disrupted by the szT1 translocation are responsible for determining the frequency of meiotic recombination in the vicinity of the breakpoint. PMID- 3224816 TI - Allergic rhinitis jeopardizing the careers of professional singers, justifies intense therapy. AB - A series of three patients were evaluated and treated by the Northwestern University Section of Allergy. These patients had allergic disease that threatened their professional careers as performing artists. Although the clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis were not unusually severe, these were sufficient to interfere with the performance of these professional singers. Because previous allergic diagnostic and therapeutic regimens had not controlled the voice related symptoms, career changes were reluctantly being considered. Unusually aggressive therapy including systemic corticosteroids was initiated as a diagnostic and therapeutic trial. The resultant improvement was then maintained with more standard allergic management and the three singers were able to perform satisfactorily. This report demonstrates how allergic disease affecting three performing artists justified intense therapy to prevent job loss and the potential financial, emotional and social consequences. PMID- 3224817 TI - Boundaries of telomere conversion in Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Active genes for variant-specific surface glycoproteins (VSGs) reside in telomeric expression sites and may be replaced by other VSG genes via telomere conversions. The availability of a complete map of expression site 221 in variant 221a made it possible to determine the boundaries of such conversions and the sequences that are involved. We have analysed five trypanosome populations that arose from variant 221a through replacement of the 221 gene by another VSG gene. In each of these relapsed populations the telomere conversion ends at a different position in the expression site. In the relapsed population, 221aR3, the boundary was found in the coding region of an expression-site-associated gene (ESAG). This ESAG-2 codes for a potential 368-aa protein of unknown function; it contains a N terminal signal peptide for mediating transfer to the endoplasmic reticulum and six potential N-glycosylation sites. It shares these structural features with the ESAG-1 protein encoded in the same expression site. ESAG-2 is a member of a large gene family which includes non-functional genes. In 221aR3, the partial conversion of ESAG-2 by an ESAG-2-like sequence has disrupted the open reading frame. The two ESAG-2 sequences are similar (92% identity) suggesting that sequence homology between telomeres provides the opportunity for gene conversion. PMID- 3224818 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase of Pseudomonas testosteroni. AB - The structural gene for the delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase of Pseudomonas testosteroni has been sequenced by the dideoxy method. The sequence obtained confirms the amino acid (aa) sequence of Benson et al. [J. Biol. Chem. 246 (1971) 7514-7525] at all but 5 aa residues of the 125-aa polypeptide. Amino acid residues 22, 24, 33, and 38, reported to be asparagines by Benson et al., are found to be encoded by aspartic acid codons. Amino acid residue 77, reported to be a glutamine by Benson et al., is encoded by a glutamic acid codon. The identification of aa 38 as aspartic acid, coupled with its presence in the active site, as indicated by previous affinity and photoaffinity-labeling studies and confirmed independently by x-ray crystallographic studies, strengthens the hypothesis that Asp-38 is the aa responsible for the 4 beta to 6 beta proton transfer which is part of the enzymatic reaction. PMID- 3224819 TI - Two elements of the rat prolactin 5' flanking region are required for its regulation by estrogen and glucocorticoids. AB - The 5'-flanking region of the rat prolactin gene contains two DNase I hypersensitive (HS) sites. We used gene transfer experiments to determine the nucleotide (nt) sequences within and around these two HS sites that may contain the information necessary for regulation of prolactin gene expression by estrogens and glucocorticoids. A chimeric gene construct (pPRL.CAT) was prepared by covalently linking the sequence of the rat prolactin gene to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-coding gene, cat. Rat GH3 cells were transfected with pPRL.CAT and six mutants that possess deletions within and around the two HS sites. Incubation of such transfectants with estrogen or dexamethasone indicated the existence of two functionally important elements within the 5'-flanking region of the rat prolactin gene. The element required for estrogen up-regulation of the prolactin gene is located between nt residues -1530 through -1950. The glucocorticoid down-regulatory element is located between nt 200 and +75. PMID- 3224820 TI - Determination of the nucleotide sequence for the penton-base gene of human adenovirus type 5. AB - The major structural proteins of adenovirus (Ad), which form the external capsid, are hexon, penton base and fiber. The primary structure of the Ad5 penton base has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding gene. It has 98.6% homology with the sequence of the analogous protein from Ad2. This result is in contrast with the significantly lower homology found for the two other major structural proteins, the hexon and the fiber. PMID- 3224821 TI - Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the E1 alpha subunit of human liver branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase. AB - A 1552-bp cDNA for the E1 alpha subunit of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) was isolated from a human liver cDNA library. The cDNA contained a 1134-bp open reading frame that encoded 378 amino acid (aa) residues of the enzyme and 418 bp of 3'-untranslated sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of the human protein shows 96% identity with that of the rat enzyme subunit. Those 117-aa residues surrounding the phosphorylation sites are completely conserved between man and rat. BCKDH E1 alpha showed considerable amino acid sequence similarity with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha, particularly in the region of the two principal phosphorylation sites of these proteins. Northern blots of human liver and skin fibroblasts demonstrated a single 1.8-kb mRNA band, with a higher level of E1 alpha mRNA in liver than in normal fibroblasts. Fibroblasts from a patient with thiamine-responsive maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) contained an mRNA of the same size and abundance as that of normal fibroblasts. Genomic DNA from normal and MSUD fibroblasts gave the same restriction maps on Southern blots, and the gene was approximately 10-kb in size. PMID- 3224822 TI - Activation of the adenovirus-2 E2a late promoter during inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide. AB - The 5' termini of human adenovirus 2 (Ad2) E2a mRNA, which starts at two separate (early and late) promoter regions, were mapped on Ad2 nucleotide sequences with the aid of primer extension analysis and quantitated. In the early stage (6 h) of Ad2 infection of KB cells and 293 cells, E2a mRNA started mostly at the early (75.4 mp) promoter region. When these infected cells were cultured in the presence of cycloheximide from 1 to 6 h postinfection, the transcription from the late (72.2 mp) promoter region increased. Especially in 293 cells, approx. 50% of E2a mRNA started at the late promoter region. We conclude from the results that the activation of the late promoter during infection does not depend on viral DNA replication. Our results suggest the involvement of cellular protein(s) in this activation. PMID- 3224823 TI - An estrogen-responsive element from the 5'-flanking region of the rat prolactin gene functions in MCF-7 but not in HeLa cells. AB - We have used MCF-7, the human breast cancer cell line, which is estrogen receptor positive, and the HeLa cell line, which is estrogen receptor-negative, to study the mechanisms by which estrogen induces prolactin gene transcription. A series of plasmids were constructed which direct the expression of the easily assayed bacterial enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. We have used these recombinants to show that the estrogen-responsive DNA element (ERE) required for the estrogenic regulation of the rat prolactin gene is functional in MCF-7 cells but not in HeLa cells. Specifically, in MCF-7 cells this element enhances the level of gene activity after estrogen treatment both from its own promoter and from a heterologous (simian virus 40) promoter. Results of these studies also show that in HeLa cells the ERE can mediate estrogenic regulation if cotransfected with a plasmid that can synthesize estrogen receptor. PMID- 3224824 TI - A multisite-directed mutagenesis using T7 DNA polymerase: application for reconstructing a mammalian gene. AB - A method to introduce multiple mutations and to reconstruct genes, using a single oligodeoxyribonucleotide and DNA polymerase with high processivity, such as modified T7 DNA polymerase [Tabor and Richardson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84 (1987a) 4767-4771], is described. A eukaryotic cDNA, coding for porcine growth hormone (pGH), was reconstructed in this study to delete 75 bp and to introduce a G----A transition. The deletion removes 75 bp and brings an ATG just upstream from the codon for the first amino acid in the mature protein. Moreover, the G--- A substitution creates a new PvuII restriction site to facilitate further manipulation of the gene. Maximum mutation frequency with this multisite-directed mutagenesis is reached within 15 min with an efficiency approaching 50%, when using the modified T7 DNA polymerase. No multisite-directed mutants were obtained when T4 DNA polymerase or Klenow (large) fragment of DNA polymerase I were used. The described method is also applicable to simple single site-directed mutations as well as to more complex gene reconstruction strategies. PMID- 3224825 TI - Cloning, physical mapping and expression of chromosomal genes specifying degradation of the herbicide 2,4,5-T by Pseudomonas cepacia AC1100. AB - A genomic library of total DNA of Pseudomonas cepacia AC1100 was constructed on a broad-host-range cosmid vector pCP13 in Escherichia coli AC80. A 25-kb segment was isolated from the library which complemented a Tn5-generated, 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid-negative (2,4,5-T-) mutant, P. cepacia PT88. This mutation was partially characterized and appeared to be lacking functional enzyme required for metabolism of an intermediate of the 2,4,5-T pathway, recently identified as 5-chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene [Chapman et al., Abstr. Soc. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. USA 8 (1987) 127]. A simple colorimetric assay was developed to detect the presence of this active enzyme in intact cells and was used to determine the expression of complementing genes. Subcloning experiments showed that a 4-kb BamHI-PstI fragment and a 290-bp PstI-EcoRI fragment, separated by 1.3-kb, were required for complementation. Both fragments are identified to be chromosomal in origin. Hybridization studies using the subcloned fragments revealed that in addition to a Tn5 insertion, mutant PT88 contained an extensive chromosomal deletion accounting for its 2,4,5-T- phenotype. The cloned fragments did not show homology to plasmid DNAs carrying degradative genes for toluene, naphthalene and 3-chlorobenzoate. PMID- 3224826 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of pAL5000, a plasmid from Mycobacterium fortuitum. AB - We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of pAL5000, a plasmid from Mycobacterium fortuitum; the plasmid contains 4837 bp with 65% G + C. Five open reading frames (ORF1 to ORF5) have been identified. A number of sequences corresponding to palindromes, repeats, a helix-turn-helix motif, a signal sequence and repetitive amino acid motifs can be identified. This sequence should facilitate the construction of vectors based on pAL5000 for transfer and expression studies in mycobacteria. PMID- 3224827 TI - Role of the potential secondary structures in phage G4 origin of complementary DNA strand synthesis. AB - Phage G4 origin of complementary DNA strand synthesis (oric) consists of three stable stem-loop structures (I, II, and III). Mutant oric sequences with alterations in the structure of stem-loop II, stem-loop III, and the stem-loop II III spacer region have been constructed and cloned into the filamentous phage vectors to assay their functional activity. Changes in the lowermost GC base pair in the stem of stem-loop III, in the 9-bp spacer region between the stems of stem loops II and III, and in the loop of stem-loop II, impair or abolish in vivo oric function. The results suggest that recognition sequences for dnaG primase must be present in the loop of stem-loop II, and in the spacer region between the stems of stem-loops II and III. PMID- 3224828 TI - A phosphate-repressible acid phosphatase gene from Aspergillus niger: its cloning, sequencing and transcriptional analysis. AB - The cloning and sequencing of an Aspergillus niger gene encoding a secreted form of phosphate-repressible acid phosphatase by complementation of a pacA (phosphate repressible acid phosphatase) mutant of Aspergillus nidulans is described. The gene contains two introns, 201 and 265 nt in length, and codes for a 1.6-kb transcript. Both phosphate concentration and pH of the growth medium affect the level of expression of the gene in A. niger. Similar regulation is observed in A. nidulans transformants. A putative signal peptide, resembling known signal sequences of yeast, is identified. PMID- 3224829 TI - Isolation and sequence of a gene encoding a methionine-rich 10-kDa zein protein from maize. AB - We have isolated the gene encoding a methionine-rich 10-kDa zein protein from a lambda EMBL3 maize genomic 'mini' library of the inbred line BSSS-53 and determined its nucleotide sequence. The sequence matches perfectly with a cDNA clone from the inbred line W22 (which has the same restriction fragment length polymorphism as many inbred lines tested) indicating that we have isolated a functional storage protein gene that is very conserved in maize. This comparison also excludes any splicing of any precursor mRNA and therefore any presence of introns. A number of potential regulatory sequences have been located in the flanking regions. The 10-kDa-zein gene represents the last size class in the zein multigene family to be characterized. Its structure allows us now to re-examine the relationship of all the zein proteins and also to compare the structure of a new class of storage proteins that are rich in methionine, an essential amino acid in livestock fodder. PMID- 3224830 TI - Transient expression in mammalian cells of the bacterial reporter gene encoding mercuric reductase: effects of various regulatory elements. AB - The effect of several transcriptional regulatory elements on gene expression in mammalian cells was investigated. As a reporter gene we have used the bacterial gene merA coding for the enzyme mercuric reductase. Several plasmids were constructed with different promoter/enhancer sequences (pSV/E, pSV/L, pMT, pRSV or pAd) at the 5' end and different splicing (small intron of the T antigen of SV40 or the second intron of the rabbit beta-globin gene) and/or polyadenylation signals (AEn, ALn or AR beta Gn) at the 3' end of the merA gene. Expression was measured in five different mammalian cell lines. In COS cells the highest level of expression is obtained with pSV/L and the lowest level with pSV/E. In HeLa, CV 1, Ltk-, and CHO cells merA expression is relatively high, under control of pRSV and pMT and relatively low under control of pSV/L and pAd. The introns studied have a negative effect on the expression of merA. The presence of a polyadenylation signal downstream from the gene is essential for its expression. The three different polyadenylation signals studied give a similar stimulatory effect on the level of expression of the merA gene. PMID- 3224831 TI - Structure of a multihormonally regulated rat gene. AB - Gene 33, a rat gene transcriptionally enhanced by glucocorticoids, insulin, or cyclic AMP, was isolated from a library of rat genomic DNA and characterized by sequence comparison to a full-length cDNA. The structural gene spans 13,500 bp encoding 2970 bp of exon sequences interrupted by three introns of about 9600, 101 and 811 bp, respectively. Exons (5' to 3') are 198, 194, 77 and 2501 bp in length; the first of these initiates at the transcriptional start point determined by S1 nuclease mapping. The 5'-flanking DNA contains several putative transcriptional control elements including TATA and CAAT boxes and a binding site for the Sp1 transcription factor in the usual locations proximal to the start point. Sequences resembling known glucocorticoid and cyclic AMP regulatory elements are also found upstream. A chimeric plasmid was constructed containing putative gene 33 regulatory elements fused to the Escherichia coli gene cat, encoding the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and transfected into cultured fibroblasts. Transient expression assays established that this gene 33 DNA is effective in promoting transcription. PMID- 3224833 TI - The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions. AB - Polymerase chain reaction conditions were established for the in vitro amplification of eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal (16S-like) rRNA genes. Coding regions from algae, fungi, and protozoa were amplified from nanogram quantities of genomic DNA or recombinant plasmids containing rDNA genes. Oligodeoxynucleotides that are complementary to conserved regions at the 5' and 3' termini of eukaryotic 16S-like rRNAs were used to prime DNA synthesis in repetitive cycles of denaturation, reannealing, and DNA synthesis. The fidelity of synthesis for the amplification products was evaluated by comparisons with sequences of previously reported rRNA genes or with primer extension analyses of rRNAs. Fewer than one error per 2000 positions were observed in the amplified rRNA coding region sequences. The primary structure of the 16S-like rRNA from the marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, was inferred from the sequence of its in vitro amplified coding region. PMID- 3224832 TI - Molecular cloning and sequencing of a murine pgk-1 pseudogene family. AB - Seven genomic mouse DNA fragments carrying pgk-1-homologous regions have been cloned and sequenced. They have to be classified as processed genes because intervening sequences, present in their productive counterpart, are absent. Four pseudogenes (I-IV) represent nearly the complete sequence of pgk-1 cDNA. Two of these genes (I and II), although rather different from the published mouse pgk-1 cDNA in the 3'-untranslated region, represent the actual mouse pgk-1 cDNA sequence in the coding part except for substitutions in the third position of three codons. These genes can code for a functional PGK protein but, lacking as they do classical promoter structures, are probably not expressed. They show the typical characteristics of retroposons, being flanked by A-rich regions and direct repeats which are localized at the positions where the homology with the mouse pgk-1 cDNA is interrupted. Pseudogenes III and IV have numerous mutations. Gene III is also flanked by direct repeats, whereas gene IV is flanked by inverted repeats. The other three genes are flanked by direct repeats localized further inside the target sites. They are truncated and mutated extensively as usually observed with pseudogenes. PMID- 3224834 TI - [Microflora of meat and fish products]. PMID- 3224835 TI - [Hygienic problems of the study of microbial fungicides]. PMID- 3224836 TI - [Use of antimicrobial materials for the prevention of cross infection]. PMID- 3224837 TI - [Evaluation of the level of knowledge of bacteriologists]. PMID- 3224838 TI - [Status and prospects of hygienic studies of biological contamination of the environment]. PMID- 3224839 TI - [Methods of detection and primary identification of bacteria of the genus Moraxella in the environment]. PMID- 3224840 TI - [Status and prospects of cooperation between member countries of the COMECON in the field of sanitary microbiology]. PMID- 3224841 TI - [Identification of conditionally pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the environment and the use of the results in epidemiologic practice]. PMID- 3224843 TI - [Evaluation of water quality in passenger trains based on bacteriologic indicators]. PMID- 3224842 TI - [Comparative study of magnesium culture media]. PMID- 3224844 TI - [Campylobacter--a possible causative agent of diarrhea in children]. PMID- 3224845 TI - [Sanitaro-bacteriologic evaluation of the use of animal blood in the manufacture of fish sausages]. PMID- 3224846 TI - [Current methods of evaluating the degree of potential epidemiologic hazard of the drinking-water supply]. PMID- 3224847 TI - [Effect of microorganisms of the genus Enterobacter on the amino acid composition of food products]. PMID- 3224848 TI - [Contamination of food products with microorganisms of the genus Enterobacter]. PMID- 3224849 TI - [Bacteria-collecting and bacteriostatic effectiveness of filters for air purification]. PMID- 3224850 TI - [Criteria of epidemiologic safety of hot water]. PMID- 3224851 TI - [Isolation of mold fungi of the genus Aspergillus from the air of health institutions]. PMID- 3224852 TI - [Metabolic processes in workers engaged in chromium processing]. PMID- 3224853 TI - Correlates of education, income, and poverty among aged blacks. PMID- 3224854 TI - Mental health services and older adult minorities: an assessment. PMID- 3224855 TI - Problems, sources of assistance, and knowledge of services among elderly Vietnamese immigrants. PMID- 3224856 TI - Geriatric nurse practitioners as nursing home employees: implementing the role. PMID- 3224857 TI - A measure of filial anxiety regarding anticipated care of elderly parents. PMID- 3224858 TI - A model for church-based services for frail elderly persons and their families. PMID- 3224859 TI - Educating older adults about their increased cancer risk. PMID- 3224860 TI - Development of self-management education for elderly heart patients. PMID- 3224861 TI - Peer counselor training for nursing home residents. PMID- 3224862 TI - A mental health training program in nursing homes. PMID- 3224863 TI - Family involvement on a dementia unit: the Resident Enrichment and Activity Program. PMID- 3224864 TI - A reduced stimulation unit: effects on patients with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. PMID- 3224865 TI - Who are the oldest Americans? PMID- 3224866 TI - Pension wealth and job changes: the effects of vesting, portability and lump-sum distributions. PMID- 3224867 TI - A longitudinal examination of poverty in the elderly years. PMID- 3224868 TI - Retirement differences by industry and occupation. PMID- 3224869 TI - Life events and alcohol behavior among older adults. PMID- 3224870 TI - Minority aging research: opportunity and challenge. PMID- 3224871 TI - [Correlations between serum estradiol-17 beta level and urinary excretion of estriol in the third trimester of uncomplicated pregnancy]. PMID- 3224872 TI - [Effect of intensive treatment in cases of intrauterine fetal hypotrophy on the condition of newborn infants and their perinatal mortality]. PMID- 3224873 TI - [Course of pregnancy and labor in obesity]. PMID- 3224874 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of thelarche praecox]. PMID- 3224875 TI - [Surgical and conservative treatment of urinary incontinence in women. I. Diagnosis and conservative treatment]. PMID- 3224876 TI - The evaluation of neonatal hair mercury level as an indicator of the intrauterine exposure to mercury--a preliminary report. PMID- 3224877 TI - [Embryonal cysts of the vulva]. PMID- 3224878 TI - [Serum IgE concentrations in children in Israel]. PMID- 3224879 TI - [Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy: a new syndrome in young children]. PMID- 3224880 TI - [Congenital heart disease causing superior vena cava syndrome]. PMID- 3224881 TI - [Psycho-social aspects of diabetes]. PMID- 3224882 TI - [Incarcerated spigelian hernia]. PMID- 3224883 TI - [Airline transportation medicine (emporiatrics)]. PMID- 3224884 TI - [Terminal dehydration and i.v. fluids in the elderly]. PMID- 3224885 TI - [Malaria: revised recommendations for prophylaxis]. PMID- 3224887 TI - [Sudden infant death: search for cause]. PMID- 3224886 TI - [AIDS testing policy]. PMID- 3224888 TI - [Pertussis vaccine--a cause for concern?]. PMID- 3224889 TI - [Gastroesophageal motility disorders in occult cancer]. PMID- 3224890 TI - [Therapeutic and preoperative embolization in the head and neck]. PMID- 3224891 TI - [Helium for reducing the work of breathing in upper airway obstruction]. PMID- 3224892 TI - [Kaposi sarcoma of the tongue]. PMID- 3224894 TI - [Relapsing polychondritis]. PMID- 3224893 TI - [Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus]. PMID- 3224895 TI - [Medical guidelines for the traveller]. PMID- 3224896 TI - [Calcium and hypertension]. PMID- 3224897 TI - [Who is entitled to sign articles in scientific journals?]. PMID- 3224898 TI - [Pharmacological studies on Y-8894. (VIII). Effects on learning and memory in the radial maze task in mice]. AB - Effects of Y-8894 on learning and memory were studied using a radial maze task in intact and scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. The following results were obtained: 1) Repeated administration of Y-8894 (1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the number of initial correct responses (ICR) in the training session in intact mice, facilitating the learning of the maze task. Dihydroergotoxine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly facilitated the learning of this task in the initial stage of the training session, but non-specifically inhibited the performance in the late stage of training. Ca-hopantenate did not modify the learning of this task. 2) A single administration of Y-8894 (2.5 or 5 mg/kg, i.p.) showed an antagonistic effect on scopolamine (1 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced amnesic mice. Dihydroergotoxine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and Ca-hopantenate (500 mg/kg, i.p.) also significantly antagonized the ICR-decreasing effect of scopolamine. These results suggest that Y-8894 has an ameliorative and/or facilitative effect on learning and memory in the radial maze task, and Y-8894 is more potent than dihydroergotoxine and Ca-hopantenate. PMID- 3224899 TI - [Effect of vasoactive substances and electrical stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve on blood flow in the dental pulp in dogs]. AB - The regulatory mechanism of the pulpal microcirculatory hemodynamics was investigated by measuring pulpal blood flow (PBF) in dogs by means of a laser doppler flowmeter. Application of vasodilators (acetylcholine, isoproterenol, histamine, bradykinin and substance P) to the prepared cavity caused an increase in PBF, and norepinephrine reduced PBF. These vasoactive substance-induced responses, but not the bradykinin-induced response, were inhibited by i.v. injection of antagonists (atropine, propranolol, diphenhydramine and [D-Pro2, D Trp7,9]-substance P). The effect of bradykinin was inhibited by indomethacin, but not by des-Arg9-[Leu8]-bradykinin. Furthermore, prostaglandin E2 produced a concentration-dependent increase in PBF. These results suggest that acetylcholine, histamine, bradykinin, substance P and norepinephrine, if present, influence the local vasomotor regulation in the dental pulp, and that bradykinin may exert the effect via prostaglandin synthesis. Based on this suggestion, the effect of electrical stimulation of the distal end of the cut inferior alveolar nerve on PBF was studied. The nerve stimulation-induced increase in PBF was inhibited by indomethacin, but not by atropine, propranolol, diphenhydramine, soybean trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin, des-Arg9-[Leu8]-bradykinin, or by [D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9]-substance P. The experiments show that the increase in PBF produced by stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve is not mediated by common efferent vasodilatory mechanisms, and it is probably mediated by prostaglandin release via the sensory nerve axon reflex mechanism. PMID- 3224901 TI - Strain in the lateral ligaments of the ankle. AB - Strain was measured in the normal anterior talofibular ligament (ATF) and the calcaneofibular ligament (CF) using Hall effect strain transducers in five cadaveric ankles. These measurements were made in both ligaments with the ankle in neutral position and with the foot moving from 10 degrees dorsiflexion to 40 degrees plantarflexion in an apparatus that permits physiologic motion. The ankle ligaments were then tested with the foot placed in six different positions that combined supination, pronation, external rotation, and internal rotation. In the neutral position, through a range of motion of 10 degrees dorsiflexion to 40 degrees plantarflexion, the anterior talofibular ligament underwent an increasing strain of 3.3%. No significant strain increase was found with internal rotation. The only significant difference from the strains at the neutral position was in external rotation, which decreased strain 1.9%. In all positions, increased strain occurred with increased plantarflexion. The calcaneofibular ligament was essentially isometric in the neutral position throughout the flexion arc. The calcaneofibular ligament strain was significantly increased by supination and external rotation. However, with increasing plantarflexion in these positions, the strain in the calcaneofibular ligament decreased. Therefore, plantarflexion has a relaxing effect on the calcaneofibular ligament. Thus, the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments are synergistic, such that when one ligament is relaxed, the other is strained and vice versa. PMID- 3224900 TI - [Pharmacological studies on MCNU: a new antitumor agent]. AB - The pharmacological properties of MCNU, methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3 nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, were investigated in laboratory animals. MCNU had no effects on the central nervous, respiratory or the cardiovascular systems, but dilation of isolated auricular vessel was seen. No local anesthetic activity was demonstrated. Treatment with MCNU had practically no influence on the contraction of the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm, ileum, vas deferens or uterus. Furthermore, no effects on the passage of charcoal meal, size of the pupil and the contraction of nictitating membrane were observed. MCNU caused a reduction of leucocyte counts, suppression of immune responses, local irritation, suppression of blood coagulating activity and slight inhibition of gastric secretion. No definite effects were observed on blood glucose level or renal and liver functions. MCNU had no antiinflammatory and diuretic activities and did not cause hemolysis. Vomiting and diarrhea were observed by the administration of MCNU. In conclusion, the major pharmacological effects of MCNU are reduction of leukocyte counts, local irritation and immuno-suppression. The reduction of leukocyte counts induced by MCNU was more significant than that by chlorozotocin, but less than that by CCNU. Other effects may be considered somewhat weak or almost the same extent compared with these agents. PMID- 3224902 TI - Keller arthroplasty in combination with resection arthroplasty of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We reviewed the results of the Keller arthroplasty in combination with resection arthroplasty of the forefoot in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Of the 29 patients (49 feet) in the series, 20 had involvement of both feet and nine had involvement of a single foot. The average age of the patients was 55.4 years, and the average follow-up period was 4.9 years. All feet had resection of the lesser metatarsal heads, resection of the base of the proximal phalanges of the lesser toe, and a Keller arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The results were satisfactory in 16 feet, satisfactory with some reservations in 21 feet, satisfactory with major reservations in seven feet, and unsatisfactory in five feet. For 40 of the 49 feet (82%), the patients stated that they would repeat the procedure, knowing the results achieved. The major causes of patient reservations and lack of satisfaction were return of the hallux valgus deformity and pain (53%), forefoot instability (27%), and continuing metatarsalgia (20%). Resection arthroplasty of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints of the forefoot in rheumatoid disease is a satisfactory procedure. When used in combination with Keller resection arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, however, an increased number of unsatisfactory results occur, attributable to returning pain and deformity of that joint. PMID- 3224903 TI - Painful heel syndrome: radiographic and treatment assessment. AB - From July 1980 to January 1986, 170 patients who had unilateral heel pain were examined, x-ray filmed, and treated in a similar fashion. Radiographs of painful and nonpainful heels were measured. There was a statistically significant increased thickness of the heel fat pad and subfascial area compared with that of the control subject (the nonpainful side). A tightness of the Achilles tendon and a new sign, which the authors are designating as the "saddle" sign, were other prominent features. A treatment program of stretching exercises and walking seemed to be effective in relief of symptoms. PMID- 3224904 TI - Metastatic sweat gland carcinoma in an adolescent: a case report. AB - Sweat gland carcinomas are rare tumors that metastasize frequently. The diagnosis is seldom suspected prior to histologic examination. A long interval between onset of the disease and diagnosis is characteristic of the disorder. The benign clinical and histologic appearance of some of these tumors can obscure their full malignant potential. This report illustrates an unusual instance of sweat gland carcinoma metastatic to bone carcinoma in an adolescent. This case stresses the necessity for those involved in the care of the foot to be familiar with a condition of this type. PMID- 3224905 TI - [Comparison of manual and computer-assisted analysis of the optic papilla in primary chronic glaucoma]. PMID- 3224906 TI - [Computerized perimetric quantification of late glaucoma damage]. PMID- 3224907 TI - [Correlation between the neuroretinal rim area of the optic papilla and the visual field in glaucoma]. PMID- 3224908 TI - [Lowering the intraocular pressure by a combination of timolol with adrenergic agents]. PMID- 3224909 TI - [7 years experiences with the Molteno implant]. PMID- 3224910 TI - [Preventive neodymium YAG iridectomy for controlling secondary angle closure glaucoma following pars plana vitrectomy and silicone in phacic eyes]. PMID- 3224911 TI - [The iridocorneo-endothelial syndrome]. PMID- 3224912 TI - [Surgical anatomy of covered goniotrepanation]. PMID- 3224913 TI - [Ocular autoregulation in primary wide angle glaucoma]. PMID- 3224914 TI - [Glaucoma and the endothelium]. PMID- 3224915 TI - [Convergent microstrabismus with exophoria--clinical picture and treatment]. PMID- 3224916 TI - [A new procedure for measuring the strabismus angle in both eyes]. PMID- 3224917 TI - [Removal of lens epithelial cells by ultrasound in endocapsular cataract surgery]. PMID- 3224918 TI - [Removal of artificial lens implants in cataract surgery]. PMID- 3224919 TI - [Results of the cataract peeling method with the suction-irrigation system]. PMID- 3224920 TI - [Initial experiences with a new endocapsular artificial lens]. PMID- 3224921 TI - [Therapy of retinal detachment as a late complication of chronic retinopathia praematurorum (RPM)]. PMID- 3224923 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of retinal macroaneurysms]. PMID- 3224924 TI - [Long-term results of photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 3224922 TI - [Clinical symptoms of retinal dystrophies in mitochondriopathies]. PMID- 3224925 TI - [Pyoderma gangraenosum of the eyelid in a 4-year-old child]. PMID- 3224926 TI - [Basalioma of the forehead, dorsum of the nose, eyelid area]. PMID- 3224927 TI - [Enucleation with orbital implant in malignant melanoma of the uvea]. PMID- 3224928 TI - [Luminance and color contrast evoked pattern electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials]. PMID- 3224929 TI - [Therapy related follow-up studies of visually evoked cortical potentials in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy (stage 6)]. PMID- 3224930 TI - [Improved objective visual assessment with visual evoked cortical potentials by rapid pattern stimuli sequences of different spatial frequency]. PMID- 3224931 TI - [Significance of the Tubingen flicker test in the differential diagnosis of optic neuritis]. PMID- 3224932 TI - [The effect of liquid silicone on the function of the optic nerve]. PMID- 3224933 TI - [Confocal laser scan system for imaging and analysis of the fundus]. PMID- 3224934 TI - [The scanning laser ophthalmoscope and its use as a fluorescein angiography instrument]. PMID- 3224935 TI - [Videoangiography findings in patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3224936 TI - The public thoughts of a private foundation leader: a conversation with Alvin Tarlov. Interview by John K. Iglehart. PMID- 3224937 TI - New priorities for The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. PMID- 3224938 TI - Medical education reform and departmental chairs. PMID- 3224939 TI - Thoughts on medical education reform. PMID- 3224940 TI - Physician income and education. PMID- 3224941 TI - State health risk pools: insuring the 'uninsurable'. PMID- 3224942 TI - Supervision of individual inpatient psychotherapy. PMID- 3224943 TI - The measurement of psychodynamic variables. AB - The paper is concerned with the integration of psychodynamic theory with psychometric theory in order to find meaningful ways to measure psychodynamic variables. Four reasons are suggested for the use of self-report tests in psychotherapy research. These include the need for reliable measuring instruments, cost-efficient methods of data collection, and the progressive refinement of "fuzzy" concepts through the process of test construction. A three stage approach to outpatient assessment is presented which is called sequential psychodiagnostic evaluation. The first stage refers to the evaluation of crisis issues such as suicidality or psychosis; the second to egodystonic symptom assessment; and the third refers to the assessment of egodystonic states such as personality traits, ego strength and defenses. The construction of a number of these scales is illustrated and their use in a research study of predictors of psychotherapy outcome described. PMID- 3224944 TI - Attachment, loss and rediscovery. AB - This paper suggests that separation and loss in early childhood may be less critical to later life than some people believe. Rather, internalization--after as well as before, age five--may be a developmental process to which psychotherapists need to pay particular attention. By attending to our patient's experiences of separation and loss, we allow them a metaphor, a language, with which they can describe the vicissitudes of lasting attachments. Similarly, the separation/individuation process of infancy, popularized by Klein and Mahler, is important, not just because it describes the biosocial fact of preverbal infancy but because it draws our attention to a metaphor that describes the struggle for identity that characterizes young adulthood. PMID- 3224945 TI - A retrospective evaluation of plasma trazodone concentrations and clinical response in a primary care clinic. AB - Trazodone has become a very popular second generation antidepressant. In our experience, trazodone levels are frequently obtained albeit interpretation/utility of these levels and purported normal ranges are in question. We analyzed 39 consecutive cases of major depressive disorder treated with trazodone in a primary care medical clinic. Thirty (79%) of subjects had a positive response. While a positive correlation existed between dosage and concentration of the parent drug, no dose-response correlation could be identified within this cohort. However, a minimum level of 250 ng/ml did appear necessary for a response. The overall utility/cost efficacy of second generation antidepressants, in the absence of well designed dose response studies, is questioned. PMID- 3224946 TI - The subacute hospital treatment of the borderline patient. II: An integrated focus on splitting. AB - A psychiatric inpatient unit with expertise in family treatment has developed an integrated effort to provide a one to three month treatment program for hospitalized borderline patients. Treatment goals are more ambitious than those obtainable by simple crisis intervention. Appreciation of staff splitting is enhanced by an intergenerational family systems approach. Early and sustained focus on splitting is aided by the use of a 15 minute educational tape and a weekly therapy group required for all nonpsychotic patients and recommended for their families. Cases illustrating the family perspective and a group therapy session are presented in detail. The therapy group, run by an interdisciplinary team (the authors) requires active staff initiative and confrontation to avoid responsibility-evading patient coalitions. Diagnostic considerations and impact of the program on patients and on staff are discussed. PMID- 3224947 TI - Depression in vascular dementia. AB - Vascular dementia results from ischemic injury to the brain. Depression is a frequent complication of cerebrovascular dementia (CVD) occurring in 25 to 80% of patients during the course of their illness. Depression is unrelated to the severity of intellectual compromise or to the co-existence of delusions. The symptom profile of depression in CVD is indistinguishable from that of late-onset idiopathic major depressive episodes. The frequency of depression differs with the subtype of CVD and is most common in disorders with lesions of the frontal lobes, either cortical or subcortical. In addition to lesion site, other contributors to depression in CVD include vascular disease of other organs, drug therapy of co-existing medical conditions, and psychological reactions to disability. The depression of CVD responds to treatment with antidepressant agents. PMID- 3224948 TI - Achievement inhibition in contemporary women: developmental considerations. AB - With a decrease in recent years in the external impediments which prevent women from realizing their full potential has come a better view of internal factors. The author explores developmental and psychodynamic issues in the paradoxical situation in which women fear to achieve what they have long desired. The author describes clinical manifestations of success phobia, and analyzes symptom origin within a developmental and psychodynamic framework, and illustrates the types of success inhibition arising from family and early social variables, separation individuation problems, pathological narcissism, and Oedipal conflict. PMID- 3224949 TI - Training local leaders to implement community care. PMID- 3224950 TI - Providing culturally relevant mental health services for Central American immigrants. PMID- 3224951 TI - A multidisciplinary approach to primary degenerative dementia. PMID- 3224952 TI - Institutional response to inpatients' threats against the President. AB - Federal law makes it a crime to threaten the life of the President of the United States. However, psychiatric clinicians have no legal obligation to report all such threats encountered in their practice. In deciding whether to report a threat, they must balance their obligation to protect the President with their duty to uphold a patient's rights to confidentiality and to freedom from self incrimination. The authors present a case highlighting the issues faced by clinicians in deciding whether to report threats made by psychiatric inpatients and offer guidelines for dealing with such situations. In general, responses to patients' threats against the President should follow the Tarasoff principle, which asserts that clinicians who conclude that a patient presents a danger to another person should take steps to protect that person. PMID- 3224953 TI - Whom do mutual-help groups help? A typology of members. AB - A total of 1,677 members of GROW, a mutual-help organization, were surveyed about the reasons they joined GROW and their perceptions of its effectiveness in meeting their needs. The organization was founded 30 years ago to enhance the rehabilitation of former mental patients, but it now includes members who have never been treated for mental illness. Cluster analysis of the survey data revealed five distinct groups of members. One group sought relief of symptoms, while others sought a supportive community, help in recovering from trauma, help in coping with bereavement, or the opportunity to help others. The interests of the different types of members in GROW, and in other mutual-help organizations, may be at odds because some members may need social support that encourages change (facilitative support), while others may need social support that provides stable relationships (palliative support). PMID- 3224954 TI - Building collaborative relationships with families of the mentally ill. AB - Studies of the expressed emotion construct have demonstrated that educational programs aimed at helping families deal with a mentally ill member can reduce patient relapse rates and improve family coping. The authors describe a clinical approach to family psychoeducation focused on building collaborative relationships with mental health professionals. The approach is based on the assumption that family education will benefit the patient, but any implication that the family is to blame for the patient's illness is studiously avoided. Five tasks that must be addressed in beginning work with families of the mentally ill are discussed. They are ensuring that the family has a chance to be heard, imparting information, helping the family deal with the feelings engendered by the patient's illness, identifying the family's coping patterns, and helping the family face the ethical and existential conflict between their own needs and those of the patient. PMID- 3224956 TI - Gold award. A regional resource for psychiatric treatment of victims of violence. PMID- 3224955 TI - Mental illness complicated by the santeria belief in spirit possession. AB - Santeria, a religious system that blends African and Catholic beliefs, is practiced by many Cuban Americans. One aspect of this system is the belief in spirit possession. Basic santeria beliefs and rituals, including the fiesta santera (a gathering at which some participants may become possessed), are briefly described, and four cases in which the patients' belief in possession played a role in their mental illness are presented. The belief in possession can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, but it should not be considered a culture-bound syndrome. Rather, it may be a nonspecific symptom of a variety of mental illnesses and should be evaluated in the context of the patient's overall belief system and ability to carry out usual activities. PMID- 3224957 TI - Defining the service needs of homeless mentally ill persons. PMID- 3224959 TI - Using group therapy to persuade dual-diagnosis patients to seek substance abuse treatment. PMID- 3224958 TI - Cocaine use in a population of drug abusers on methadone. PMID- 3224960 TI - Accreditation surveys. PMID- 3224961 TI - Depression and hypertension. PMID- 3224962 TI - Services for AIDS patients. PMID- 3224963 TI - Parental choice and infant mortality in a West Indian population. PMID- 3224964 TI - Developmental relationships between body inertia and joint torques. PMID- 3224965 TI - Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. PMID- 3224966 TI - Measured and predicted total body water in premenarcheal athletes and nonathletes. PMID- 3224967 TI - Serial and parent-child changes in components of body fat distribution and fatness in children from the London Longitudinal Growth Study, ages two to eighteen years. PMID- 3224968 TI - The relationship of maturity rate to body size and body proportions in children and adults. PMID- 3224969 TI - Validity of hydrodensitometry for determination of body composition in spinal injured subjects. PMID- 3224970 TI - Oral contraceptives and fat patterning in young adult women. PMID- 3224971 TI - A classification of European populations based on gene frequencies and cranial measurements: a map-quadrat approach. PMID- 3224972 TI - Enoxacin as one day oral treatment of men with anal or pharyngeal gonorrhoea. AB - The efficacy of two regimens of oral enoxacin (400 mg as a single dose or two 200 mg doses 12 hours apart) to treat anal and pharyngeal gonorrhoea was compared. Fifty men with confirmed gonorrhoea (40 with anal, six with pharyngeal, and four with both) were treated and assessed three to five and seven to 14 days after treatment. Of 44 evaluable patients who attended the first follow up, including those who were infected with penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG), all were cured. No haematological or biochemical abnormality associated with enoxacin was observed. Nine patients reported minor adverse effects during the trial period, only one of which was considered probably related to the treatment. Both regimens of 400 mg enoxacin were effective in treating anal and pharyngeal gonorrhoea. PMID- 3224973 TI - Infection of the epididymis by Ureaplasma urealyticum. AB - Ureaplasma urealyticum organisms (ureaplasmas) were isolated from the urethra and epididymal aspirate of a man aged 24 who had acute right sided epididymitis. No other microorganisms were detected, and he had no chlamydial antibody response. A fourfold antibody response to the epididymal ureaplasma isolate was detected by two methods, however, and the patient responded clinically to doxycycline, to which the ureaplasmal isolates were susceptible in vitro. These findings suggest that U urealyticum had a causative role. PMID- 3224974 TI - Prostitution in Sheffield: differences between prostitutes. AB - This study to assess differences between street walking prostitutes and sauna girls who attended this clinic in 1986 and 1987 showed that fewer street walkers used barrier methods for disease prevention with clients or accepted tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) when offered and more street walkers practised their profession in both Sheffield and London. They therefore represent a potential pathway for the heterosexual spread of HIV to the region. Trichomonas vaginalis was the only organism more commonly isolated from street walkers. Other sexually transmitted diseases diagnosed, and the sources of acquisition of gonococcal cervicitis, were similar in both groups of prostitutes. Prostitutes rarely used barrier methods with their regular consorts, who were found to be responsible for most cases of gonorrhoea in both groups. As 11 out of 58 prostitutes attending were found to have dysplasia on routine cervical cytological examination, we suggest that all prostitutes be advised to undergo cytology yearly. PMID- 3224975 TI - Role of sexually transmissible pathogens in transmitting HIV I. PMID- 3224976 TI - Persistence of high risk activity in homosexual men. PMID- 3224977 TI - Markers of sexually transmitted diseases in prostitutes in central Tunisia. PMID- 3224979 TI - Hypotheses for testing deviations from random integration: evidence for nonrandom retroviral integration. AB - The use of a recently developed in vitro model for retroviral integration provides a means of statistically testing hypotheses concerning the distribution of integration sites and hypotheses about the sequence of proviral orientations. In this study, three null hypotheses are formulated and applied to previously published data. Statistical analyses of these data suggest that the distribution of integration sites may not be uniform, and the sequence of proviral orientations is not random. On the basis of these results and the observed clustering of orientations, it was postulated that if a DNA sequence was involved in nonrandom proviral integration, that sequence would be found in the regions where the orientations change direction with respect to the target DNA ("I" regions). Computer analyses for homologous and complementary DNA sequences were performed on all possible pairs of identifiable "I" regions. A common sequence (at least 8 bp in size) was found in three out of four regions and that sequence was absent elsewhere in the target DNA. A model, with features of recombination reminiscent of chi sequences in bacteria, is proposed that may account for these results. PMID- 3224978 TI - A subfamily of alphoid repetitive DNA shared by the NOR-bearing human chromosomes 14 and 22. AB - The nucleotide sequence of members of an alpha-repeat subfamily shared by human chromosomes 14 and 22 is presented. This subfamily is organized into a higher order repeat unit composed of a tandem repetition of an ordered array of four related but distinct 340-bp repeat dimers. An analogous situation has been described for a related but distinct subfamily shared by chromosomes 13 and 21. These two subfamilies were further shown not to be present on the homologous chimpanzee chromosomes and therefore must have arisen by rearrangement of the human genome after separation of the two species. The sequence homology between the 13/21 and the 14/22 subfamilies is about 85%. The 14/22 subfamily represents the only major alphoid DNA species on these two chromosomes and is not present elsewhere in the human genome. Fluorescent in situ hybridizations show that sequences from the 13/21 and 14/22 subfamilies can be used as specific markers for their respective chromosomes. PMID- 3224980 TI - The probabilities of similarities in DNA sequence comparisons. AB - We discuss the statistical significance of local similarities found between DNA sequences, and illustrate the procedure with reference to the Queen and Korn algorithm. If the longest similarity found for two sequences has length L, this length is said to be significant at the 5% level if there is a probability of no more than 0.05 of finding a length of L or greater between a pair of sequences consisting of randomly chosen bases with the same overall base frequencies. The distribution of longest lengths is related to that of lengths from any particular pair of starting positions on the two sequences. For our implementation of the Queen and Korn algorithm, this latter distribution is constructed by combining the five different blocks of bases that may be added to extend a similarity. A table is given to assess the significance of longest similarities in sequences of length up to 1000 bases. Quite long similarities are expected to occur by chance alone. The critical values we calculate for assessing significance are preferable to expected numbers of similarities used by some commercial computer packages. PMID- 3224981 TI - Novel method of detecting single base substitutions in RNA molecules by differential melting behavior in solution. AB - We have developed a quick and reliable way of detecting point mutations in RNA molecules. This method involves melting RNA-RNA heteroduplexes of varying lengths in a series of tubes containing a stepwise salt or formamide gradient, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to distinguish between single- and double stranded RNA molecules. The manipulations required are technically simple, and the method is sensitive enough to detect destabilization of the highest melting domain of a dsRNA duplex by a single base mismatch. When this method is used in parallel with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, which detects point mutations in low-melting domains of duplexes, it should now be possible to rapidly screen for mutations located throughout the length of any RNA molecule whose wild-type sequence is known. PMID- 3224982 TI - Macrorestriction mapping of COL4A1 and COL4A2 collagen genes on human chromosome 13q34. AB - The genes for the alpha-1 and alpha-2 chains of type IV collagen (COL4A1 and COL4A2) map to the same chromosomal band (13q34) and have a high degree of nucleotide homology. We have used pulsed field gel electrophoresis and cloned COL4A1 and COL4A2 DNA fragments as molecular probes to construct a 1200-kb macrorestriction map which encompasses both genes. The two genes are located within a 340-kb region with the 3' end of COL4A2 and the 5' region of COL4A1 separated by at least 100 kb but not more than 160 kb. These genes, therefore, are two members of a gene cluster on chromosome 13q34. PMID- 3224983 TI - Genetic distance of two fibrillar collagen loci, COL3A1 and COL5A2, located on the long arm of human chromosome 2. AB - Two of the human fibrillar collagen genes, proa1(III) (COL3A1) and proa2(V) (COL5A2), map to the same region of the long arm of chromosome 2. To establish the genetic distance between the two loci, we analyzed the segregation of COL3A1 and COL5A2 RFLPs in five families informative for the two loci specific markers. We found that the maximum lod score was 9.33 at a recombination frequency of theta = 0.00. The data therefore provide strong evidence for tight linkage between two evolutionarily related fibrillar collagen genes on the 2q14----2q32 segment of chromosome 2. PMID- 3224984 TI - Cellular composition and reticulin fibrosis in chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3224985 TI - Fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast tumour. PMID- 3224986 TI - Cancer of nasopharynx--a review of 93 patients treated with radiotherapy. PMID- 3224987 TI - Spontaneous complete remission in acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3224988 TI - CNS relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after cranial prophylaxis. PMID- 3224989 TI - An assessment of reliability and completeness of Bombay Cancer Registry data (1963 - 1985). PMID- 3224990 TI - Clearance of Brugia pahangi microfilariae in immunized mice. AB - Active Brugia pahangi microfilariae (Mf) were injected into naive male BALB/c mice intraperitoneally. Microfilaraemia was studied for 28 days; and Mf circulated in blood in optimum numbers from 3 to 14 days. Anti-Mf response was assessed by the rate of disappearance of Mf from blood as well as their absence from visceral organs. Sonicated antigens of Mf (MfE) and whole worm extract of adults (WWE) induced absolute protection against the establishment of Mf in mice. This potent anti-Mf response elicited by sonicated antigens was intense, rapid and withstood repeated challenge infection. In comparison, immunization with in vitro excretory, secretory and metabolic antigens of Mf (MfESM) produced a partial but significant level of protection. Sera collected periodically from immunized animals showed antibody by micro-ELISA compared to sham-vaccinated controls. When Mf were used as targets along with the peritoneal exudate cells in vitro, sera from mice immunized with MfE and MfESM showed about four-fold cellular adherence to (Mf-ADCA) and 10-fold killing (Mf-ADCC) of Mf which was antibody-dependent. Some degree of correlation was apparent when the antibody levels, Mf-ADCA/Mf-ADCC activity, and Mf clearance were compared. This murine microfilaraemia model was therefore shown to be suitable for studying the host protective immune response against filarial parasites. PMID- 3224991 TI - Membrane proteins stimulated by interferon-alpha in growth-inhibited, but not in resistant, Daudi cells. AB - Interferon-alpha (alpha-IFN) stimulates the expression of a number of plasma membrane proteins in wild-type Daudi cells. These proteins are not induced in a variant subline of Daudi cells, which is insensitive to growth inhibition, nor in another which is partially growth-inhibited by alpha-IFN. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [125I]-surface labelled Daudi membrane proteins indicates that the major protein induced de novo has a molecular weight of 16 kD (p16), and proteins of 20 kD (p20), 28 kD (p28) and 106 kD (p106) which are present in untreated cells are also induced by alpha-IFN. A monoclonal antibody was produced against p106 by immunizing mice with cells treated for 16 h with alpha-IFN followed by differential screening against treated and untreated cells. The antibody (A96/G8) immunoprecipitated p106 from cell lysates and was used to show that p106 is induced approximately two-fold by alpha-IFN in wild type Daudi cells, but not at all in Daudi cells which show a complete or partial resistance to growth inhibition by alpha-IFN; gamma-IFN does not induce p16 or p106 and also does not inhibit cell growth. The induction of p16 and p106 precedes the observed inhibition of growth by IFN. The levels of p16 and p106 are elevated by 8.5 h and in the case of p16 continue to rise for 16 h after the addition of IFN, whereas p106 reaches a peak by 8.5 h. In contrast, growth inhibition is not observed by 8 h and does not become clear-cut until 24 h after the addition of IFN. PMID- 3224992 TI - Electrophoretic and immunoblot analysis of Cryptosporidium oocysts. AB - Cryptosporidium oocysts were recovered by density gradient centrifugation from diarrhoeal faeces of four human patients and one goat kid. Goat-derived oocysts were further treated with excystation medium and the excysted oocyst walls purified by isopycnic ultracentrifugation. Soluble extracts from intact oocysts and the oocyst wall preparation were analysed by SDS-PAGE. Fifty-one polypeptide bands were detected in intact oocyst preparations: 48 were in the range 14,000 200,000 molecular weight (MW), two bands were less than 14,000 MW and one band was above 200,000 MW. Twenty-one bands were detected in the oocyst wall preparation, all within the range 14,000-200,000 MW. Immunoblot analysis of Cryptosporidium polypeptides using acute or convalescent human and goat sera revealed a large number of reactive bands. Varying degrees of heterogeneity were observed within and between the two serum groups. Nine of the 10 human sera and all of the goat kid sera reacted with a 23,000 MW and 32,000 MW antigen. A 15,500 MW antigen was also detected by all the goat and four of the 10 human sera. Both serum groups reacted with various antigens above 40,000 MW. Surface labelling of three human isolates of Cryptosporidium oocysts with 125I was performed using the Bolton and Hunter reagent. The solubilized preparations were separated by SDS PAGE on 12% and 18% slab gels and autoradiographed. Common bands were seen at 15,500, 32,000, 47,500, 79,000 and 96,000 MW. Some variation in the molecular weight of polypeptides labelled with 125I was observed among the three isolates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3224993 TI - Association of maturation of the small intestine at weaning with mucosal mast cell activation in the rat. AB - Maturation of the small intestine at weaning has some features in common with immunological reactions involving the gut mucosa. Mucosal mast cell (MMC) activation is a prominent feature of both IgE and cell-mediated mucosal immune responses. MMC activation was therefore studied during the weaning period by measurement of rat mucosal mast cell protease II (RMCPII) release into the systemic circulation as well as MMC counts and jejunal RMCPII content. Maturation of the small intestine was measured by changes in villus and crypt length, and in crypt cell production rate (CCPR). At 3 weeks of age, serum RMCPII increased 17 fold and MMC showed features of degranulation. At the time of weaning (2-4 weeks), villus and crypt length and CCPR increased progressively to adult values. After weaning, serum RMCPII declined slowly to normal adult levels and MMC regained a normal appearance. This study showed a close association between MMC activation and maturation of the small intestine during the weaning period. PMID- 3224994 TI - [Ciclopiroxolamine in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor]. PMID- 3224995 TI - [Determination of blood ferritin in the evaluation of hepatic siderosis in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda]. PMID- 3224996 TI - [Kaposi's disease in Abruzzo]. PMID- 3224997 TI - [Viral warts in butchers. A clinico-statistical study]. PMID- 3224999 TI - [Lichen aureus with zonal distribution. Description of a case]. PMID- 3224998 TI - [Sweet's syndrome. Immunopathogenetic aspects]. PMID- 3225000 TI - [Facial eosinophilic granuloma. Description of 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 3225002 TI - [Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis caused by diaminodiphenylmethane]. PMID- 3225001 TI - [Acute gangrene of the face in a diabetic]. PMID- 3225003 TI - [Possible use of interferon in cutaneous sclerosis]. PMID- 3225005 TI - A study of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in lung cancer--clinical, cytology and immunoglobulin profile. PMID- 3225004 TI - Tropical eosinophilia. PMID- 3225006 TI - Right paracardiac mass in association with left fibrocavitary disease. PMID- 3225007 TI - Splanchnoptosis--a radiological diagnostic problem. PMID- 3225008 TI - Ectopic herniation of pulmonary cyst. PMID- 3225009 TI - Pulmonary metastases from Ewing's sarcoma--presenting as spontaneous pneumothorax in a young child. PMID- 3225011 TI - Diffusing capacity in acute untreated tropical eosinophilia. PMID- 3225010 TI - Castleman's disease--an unusual cause of mediastinal mass. PMID- 3225012 TI - Influence of baseline airway obstruction and degree of smoking on bronchial reactivity in smokers. PMID- 3225013 TI - Role of percutaneous needle biopsy by Cope's needle in the diagnosis of pleural diseases. PMID- 3225014 TI - Cholinesterase activity in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 3225015 TI - Cytotoxic potentialities of surface specific antibodies & complement to Giardia lamblia trophozoites. PMID- 3225016 TI - Protean manifestations of brucellosis encountered at Vellore. PMID- 3225017 TI - Prognostic value of killer cell activity & circulating immune complex levels in patients with breast cancer. PMID- 3225019 TI - Cell mediated immunity in selected andrologic conditions. PMID- 3225018 TI - Mechanism of antifertility action of neem oil. PMID- 3225020 TI - Lipid changes in red cell membrane in leukaemia. PMID- 3225021 TI - Oxidative injury to the red cell in thalassaemia & the protective role of antioxidants. PMID- 3225022 TI - Platelet MAO activity in first degree relatives of chronic schizophrenics. PMID- 3225023 TI - Aerobic-anaerobic transition level of Indian middle & long distance runners. PMID- 3225024 TI - Biogenic amines in relation to gastric acid secretion in hepatic cirrhosis. PMID- 3225026 TI - The cold chain in the measles immunization programme in India. PMID- 3225025 TI - HIV infection and maternal and child health. PMID- 3225027 TI - Prognosis of Hodgkin's disease in India. PMID- 3225028 TI - Fine needle aspiration cytology in pediatric oncology. PMID- 3225029 TI - Prevalence of behaviour problems in Ajmer school children. PMID- 3225031 TI - Acute respiratory infections in rural underfives. PMID- 3225030 TI - Effect of pre-operative oral ranitidine on gastric pH and volume in children. PMID- 3225032 TI - Usefulness of serum levels of phenobarbitone in control of epilepsy. PMID- 3225033 TI - Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by conductometry. PMID- 3225034 TI - Lathyrism in Afghanistan. PMID- 3225035 TI - Bacillus Alcaligenes fecalis septicemia and meningitis in the newborn. PMID- 3225036 TI - Menkes disease. PMID- 3225037 TI - Contact sensitisation to DNCB. PMID- 3225038 TI - Behavioural intervention in the treatment of trichotillomania. PMID- 3225040 TI - Targets in National Anemia Prophylaxis Programme for pregnant women. PMID- 3225039 TI - Storage of vaccines. PMID- 3225041 TI - Meningococcal meningitis. Clinical observations during an epidemic. PMID- 3225042 TI - Flavobacterium meningitis. PMID- 3225043 TI - Coagulase-negative staphylococcal sepsis in infants. PMID- 3225044 TI - Stiff knee following intramuscular injection into the thigh. PMID- 3225045 TI - Counselling the parents of a child with cerebral palsy. PMID- 3225046 TI - Neonatal hyperglycemia. PMID- 3225047 TI - Generalized lipodystrophy. PMID- 3225048 TI - Late hemorrhagic disease with intracranial hemorrhage. PMID- 3225049 TI - Type II Waardenburg syndrome. PMID- 3225050 TI - Meckel Gruber syndrome. PMID- 3225051 TI - Epignathus. PMID- 3225052 TI - Necrotising enterocolitis manifesting as gastric outlet obstruction. PMID- 3225053 TI - Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. PMID- 3225054 TI - Cerebral gigantism (Soto's syndrome) PMID- 3225055 TI - Should the syringe be redesigned? PMID- 3225057 TI - Colostrum deprivation: a misconception. PMID- 3225056 TI - Acute rheumatic fever at 3 years of age. PMID- 3225058 TI - Spectral analysis of muscular sound at low and high contraction level. AB - The activated muscle generates a low frequency rumbling noise, which is known as the Sound-MyoGram (SMG). Spectral analysis of the SMG is carried out in this work, in order to: (i) check the adequacy of both the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the Maximum Entropy Spectrum Estimation (MESE). Because it is a well known technique, the FFT method is only briefly described, while the philosophy of the MESE method is given in more detail and completed with a description of the recursive algorithm; (ii) select a frequency parameter suitable to describe the SMG. For this purpose two well-defined physiological conditions (20% and 80% Maximal Voluntary Contraction) have been adopted in order to provide a safe reference for the interpretation of the findings. The results show that: (a) both FFT and MESE are adequate to estimate the SMG Power Spectrum; (b) both the mean and the median frequency are suitable parameters, the mean frequency being the more favourable one; (c) the SMG Power Spectrum is a promising tool to study the muscle activation modalities. PMID- 3225059 TI - Computer analysis of EEG, EOG, and NPT activity during sleep. AB - Enhancements to DELREM, a real-time computer program which concurrently analyzes EEG and EOG activity, are presented. These include the program's ability to monitor nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) during a sleep recording, and the use of a standard calibration signal for time synchronization and adjustment to differences in tape recorder amplification and speed settings is used. Some of the advantages of using DELREM are discussed. PMID- 3225060 TI - A new method for analysing the geometry and timecourse of epicardial potential spreading. AB - A 256 unipolar electrode matrix fixed at the surface of an isolated rabbit heart was connected to a PC system via an amplifying and analog/digital converting frontend computer. This system allows measurement of 256 electrodes within 100 microseconds with a sampling rate of 0.25 ms. The data are displayed on a PC system either on-line as common ECG-recordings or off-line in projection on a two dimensional model of the heart surface. Thereby, it is possible to visualize the epicardial potential spreading in a slow-motion presentation on a high resolution computer graphic. The samples are displayed sequentially and can be delayed by choice. This method allows the determination of the origin ("break-through points") of the epicardial excitation and an analysis of the potential spreading. The electrodes are arranged in four grids with 64 electrodes each at an interelectrode distance of 1 mm. Thereby, it is possible to evaluate the direction of the epicardial excitation wave and the local state of epicardial activation. Furthermore, it is possible to demonstrate irregular pacemakers or re entry circuits. The method seems to be helpful in analysis of cardiac arrhythmogenesis and mode of action of anti-arrhythmic agents. PMID- 3225061 TI - Structural EEG analysis: an explorative study. AB - A method is described to detect (subtle) changes in an EEG (electroencephalogram) by means of a Markovian modeling approach. This method, termed structural EEG analysis, treats the non-stationary EEG as a sequence of a finite number of short elementary patterns. Subtle changes in an EEG may be detected by studying the transition probabilities between the different patterns. By viewing the patterns as states in a Markov chain, a representation of the EEG structure based on a state transition probability matrix emerges. Various techniques to estimate the state transition probability matrices have been investigated. A number of experiments were performed with artificially generated data to determine the data length required to obtain a reliable estimate of the transition matrices. It appeared that a data length of approximately five to eight times the number of entries in the matrices is needed to accurately estimate the matrices. It was determined that the data length required to reliably estimate the transition probability matrix is dependent on the number of states and the number of non zero entries of the matrix. Also, the data length appears independent of the values of the probabilities. The structural analysis approach was applied to actual EEG data, recorded from normal volunteers and epileptic subjects. It was demonstrated that visually confirmable changes in the EEG could be detected by the structural analysis method more accurately than by a more conventional approach. PMID- 3225062 TI - A versatile computational method for the determination of areas under the curve and moment curve following multidose drug administration. AB - The accurate determination of area under the biologic fluid concentration-time curve (AUC) and area under the first moment curve (AUMC) are important in the calculation of a compound's pharmacokinetic parameter estimates. Although numerous mathematical methods exist for the calculation of both AUC and AUMC under varying conditions, some permit direct computation of areas, whereas others only approximate the true areas. In this study, we describe an alternative mathematical method which allows the direct calculation of either the AUC or AUMC after any dose of drug administered by any route. Simulated data with known areas were used to assess the accuracy of the proposed method and compared to area calculations obtained from widely used published methods. Experiments were also performed under conditions of varying elimination half-lives and reduced numbers of concentration-time values. Under any experimental condition, the newly proposed method was the most accurate in determining both the AUC and AUMC. Percent deviations from exact area values were less than or equal to 0.11% with the proposed method, whereas as much as 30% deviation was observed using other methods of calculation. These findings support the accuracy of the proposed method in calculating the AUC or AUMC and its utility in data analysis. PMID- 3225063 TI - Computer aided design and evaluation of limiting and serial dilution experiments. AB - Two computer programs are presented which can be used for the determination of the design and the statistical evaluation of data in the context of limiting and serial dilution analysis. The first program (DESIGN) gives the experimenter the opportunity to set up different designs, to improve a design according to several suggestions, to make a picture of a design and to evaluate the results of artificial data, obtained from a random experiment corresponding with the chosen design, until (s)he is convinced of having a suitable design for a particular experiment. The second program (EVALUATE) evaluates the experimental data. The design method and the statistical methods used in the programs have been chosen on practical and theoretical grounds. PMID- 3225064 TI - Sequential rupture of the left ventricular free wall and of the interventricular septum after myocardial infarction. Surgical implications. AB - Two patients are reported in whom ventricular septal rupture complicated the recovery from surgery for left ventricular free wall rupture. One patient was successfully reoperated upon, but the second died before the diagnosis was obtained. The importance of being aware of the association and of excluding a left ventricular to right ventricular shunt at the time of surgery, or subsequently during clinical deterioration, is discussed. PMID- 3225065 TI - Juvenile sudden death and effort ventricular tachycardias in a family with right ventricular cardiomyopathy. AB - A family with occurrence of juvenile sudden death and effort polymorphous ventricular tachycardias is reported. Nineteen members aged 9 to 63 years were investigated. Four of them died suddenly in their youth. Postmortem investigation performed in 2 deceased subjects disclosed an apparently normal heart at macroscopy but fibro-fatty substitution of the right ventricular free wall was noted at histologic examination. The 14 living members underwent physical examination, resting electrocardiography, chest X-radiography, Holter monitoring, exercise stress testing, and M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography. Four patients underwent hemodynamic and electrophysiologic studies. All 14 subjects had normal physical examination as well as normal electrocardiographic and cardiothoracic indices. Localized right ventricular structural and dynamic abnormalities were noted at cross-sectional echocardiographic and angiographic investigation of 9 of the patients. The right ventricular volumes in these subjects were normal or slightly increased. In 7 of them, polymorphous ventricular tachycardias were induced by exercise stress testing. The arrhythmias which were responsive to beta-blockade, do not seem to depend on reentry. Enhanced automaticity appeared to be the more likely mechanism of their production. These data demonstrate that right ventricular cardiomyopathy may occur in an occult form with life-threatening electrical instability. PMID- 3225066 TI - A case of left ventricular aneurysm of uncertain etiology presenting as ventricular tachycardia. AB - A case of a 59-year-old Asian male with several episodes of syncope and palpitation is reported. Electrophysiologic study disclosed that sustained ventricular tachycardia was induced by programmed electrical stimulation at the right ventricular apex. The electrogram in the left ventricular aneurysm showed delayed activities and the fastest depolarization. Entrainment was observed by faster pacing. Left ventriculography showed a large aneurysm and normal coronary arteries. Congenital left ventricular aneurysm is the most likely clinical diagnosis given the lack of past history of chest pain, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, etc. Congenital aneurysm which presents as ventricular tachycardia is very rare, and has never been reported in an Asian. Medical management has thus far been successful. PMID- 3225067 TI - Response of heart rate to atropine and left ventricular function in Chagas' heart disease. AB - Chagasic patients may have a normal or abnormal response of heart rate to atropine. To determine if this response to atropine is related to the degree of left ventricular dysfunction, we studied 33 patients with a positive complement fixation test for Chagas' disease. Eleven subjects, with atypical chest pain and negative complement fixation test, were used as controls (sero-negative). Left ventricular wall motion and the left ventricular volumes were determined by ventricular cineangiography. Coronary arteriography was also performed. The sero negative subjects had normal left ventricular wall motion and the left ventricular diastolic volume was 88 +/- 24 ml/m2. The response of heart rate to atropine was 50 +/- 8 (mean +/- SD) (range 40-65 beats/min). On the basis of the response to atropine, the chagasic patients were divided into groups with a normal response (greater than 40 beats/min) and those with an abnormal response (less than 40 beats/min). Sixty five per cent of those with a normal response had left ventricular apical aneurysms. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume was not significantly different from the sero-negative subjects (96 +/- 26 ml/m2). Six patients (30%) had a left ventricular diastolic volume between 110 and 140 ml/m2. Sixty two per cent of those chagasic subjects with an abnormal response had diffuse left ventricular hypokinesis, and the left ventricular end-diastolic volume was 192 +/- 49 ml/m2 (P less than 0.01). The response of heart rate and the left ventricular diastolic volume were inversely correlated in the chagasic patients (r = -0.88, P less than 0.01). Our results indicate that myocardial damage and the degree of left ventricular dilatation are more severe in chagasic patients with an abnormal response of their heart rate to atropine. Furthermore, the inverse correlation between these two variables is highly indicative of a relationship between the response of heart rate to atropine and the degree of left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 3225069 TI - Cyanotic "ostium secundum" atrial septal defect without pulmonary hypertension. AB - This patient presented with central cyanosis. A clinical diagnosis of atrial septal defect with possible Eisenmenger syndrome was made. The correct diagnosis was made at catheterization. PMID- 3225068 TI - The Ayurvedic medicines Haritaki, Amala and Bahira reduce cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. AB - Four groups of 25 rabbits each, were studied to determine the effect of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Amla (Emblica officinalis) and Bahira (Terminalia belerica) on cholesterol-induced hypercholesteolaemia and atherosclerosis. The control group was fed with cholesterol alone; the Haritaki group received Haritaki and cholesterol; the Bahira group received Bahira and cholesterol; and the Amla group received Amla and cholesterol for 16 weeks. Cholesterolaemia was significantly less (P less than 0.001) in the Haritaki group (166 mg/dl), the Bahira group (240 mg/dl) and the Amla group (205 mg/dl) than in the control group (630 mg/dl). The Haritaki group had significantly less cholesterolaemia (P less than 0.001) as compared to the Bahira and Amla groups. Aortic sudanophilia was significantly less (P less than 0.001) in the Haritaki group (6%), the Bahira group (16%), and the Amla group (12%) than in the control group (38%). The cholesterol contents of the liver and aorta, respectively, were significantly less in the Haritaki group (46 mg/100 g, 28 mg/100 g), the Bahira group (78 mg/100 g, 72 mg/100 g) and the Amla group (46 mg/100 g, 42 mg/100 g), than in the control group (604 mg/100 g, 116 mg/100 g). Among the drug-fed groups, the Haritaki group had significantly lower degrees of sudanophilia and cholesterol content of aorta and liver (P less than 0.001) as compared to the Bahira and Amla groups. Although all three drugs reduced serum cholesterol, aortic sudanophilia and cholesterol contents of liver and aorta, their effects were in ascending order of magnitude. The drugs did not influence serum triglyceride levels, euglobulin clot lysis time or platelet adhesiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225070 TI - Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of divided left atrium (cor triatriatum sinister). AB - A case of congenitally divided left atrium detected on cross-sectional echocardiography is described. Simultaneous Doppler examination helped to diagnose the obstructive nature of the partition within the left atrium by locating a turbulent high velocity (2.2 meters/second) diastolic signal. The diagnosis was confirmed on cardiac catheterization and surgery. PMID- 3225071 TI - Amoebic pericarditis. AB - An unusual case of chronic amoebic pericarditis is reported in which the diagnosis of pericarditis was suggested on chest X-ray. The echocardiographic feature of multiple cystic lesions were mainly related to the left ventricle, there was thickening of the visceral pericardium, and some restriction to ventricular filling. The cysts contained anchovy sauce like material, and serological tests for amoebiasis were strongly positive. There was no evidence of an amoebic liver abscess. Clinically the patient improved with anti-amoebic treatment, but died later having refused surgery. The clinical picture may have been modified by earlier chloroquine administration. PMID- 3225072 TI - Ventricular tachycardia induced by Valsalva's manoeuvre in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - We describe a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who developed reproducible ventricular tachycardia during Valsalva's manoeuvre. This phenomenon has not previously been described. PMID- 3225073 TI - Anticoagulation clinics facilitate the close monitoring of patients on anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 3225074 TI - Lifetime psychiatric comorbidity in hospitalized alcoholics: subject and familial correlates. AB - We classified 123 alcohol rehabilitation patients by their histories of lifetime psychiatric comorbidity, and examined the demographic, social, occupational, treatment, and familial variables characterizing the groups. Diagnostic assessments were made with the SADS-L/RDC. High lifetime prevalences of major depressive disorder and drug use disorder were found. Aspects of treatment history distinguished between patient groups with and without lifetime major depression, but not other personal or familial variables. Patients with lifetime drug use disorders were younger and experienced an earlier onset of alcohol problems and treatment. Those with numerous childhood antisocial symptoms were younger, more likely to be male and unmarried, and less educated, and they had presented earlier for treatment. Subjects with two or more adult antisocial symptoms which occurred when subjects were not drinking or using drugs had a significant increase in family history of antisocial personality disorder. However, adult antisocial behaviors which were not separated from the effects of alcohol or drug use were unrelated to a family history of antisocial personality disorder. Implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3225075 TI - Self-management "additives" for improving work productivity of mentally retarded workers in sheltered workshops. AB - This study compared the effects of "typical" staff supervision to "typical" staff supervision plus one of two self-management strategies for improving work productivity of eight mentally retarded workers in a sheltered workshop. The first self-management strategy consisted of self monitoring plus one minute goal setting at the beginning of each half-day of work plus one minute of back-up social contigencies at the end of each half-day of work. The second self management strategy was the same as that described above, plus a monetary bonus system for productivity. Procedural reliabilities were obtained on the components of the "typical" staff supervisory strategy and the self-management strategies. Both self-management strategies produced an increase in worker productivity, and there was little to recommend one over the other. Some limitations of existing research on self-management procedures for improving productivity of mentally retarded workers were discussed. PMID- 3225076 TI - Investigating interactions between HIV infection and tropical diseases. PMID- 3225077 TI - Socioeconomic groups and cancer risk at death in the Swiss Canton of Vaud. AB - Data collected by the Cancer Registry of the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland, were used to estimate proportional mortality ratios (PMR) and mortality odds ratios (MOR) for various neoplasms according to social class and sector of occupation (agriculture versus others). Mortality ratios were elevated in lower social classes for cancers of the lung (MOR = 1.18 for social class IV or V vs I or II) and other sites strictly related to tobacco (mouth or pharynx, oesophagus and larynx; MOR = 1.70), and (though not significantly) for cancers of the stomach (MOR = 1.16) and uterus (MOR = 1.30 for cervix and 1.47 for corpus uteri). Furthermore, there was a strong negative social class gradient for thyroid cancer (a neoplasm with particularly elevated incidence and mortality in Switzerland), probably attributable to higher prevalence of iodine deficiency in lower social classes (MOR = 3.17). Positive social class gradients emerged for cancers of the intestines (MOR = 0.77 for social class IV or V), skin (MOR = 0.74) and prostate (MOR = 0.87). Agricultural workers showed decreased ratios for cancers of the lung (MOR = 0.75), cervix uteri (MOR = 0.72) and prostate (MOR = 0.80), and excess mortality from cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory sites (MOR = 1.22), stomach (MOR = 1.18), testis (MOR = 2.05) and lympho-haematopoietic neoplasms, particularly myeloma (MOR = 2.14). PMID- 3225078 TI - Investigation of the geographical distribution of female cancer patterns in Belgium using pattern recognition techniques. AB - Different multivariate methods have been applied to obtain an overview of the Belgian female cancer mortality distribution. The resulting maps and figures show the patterns of female cancer mortality to be strongly geographically determined. Two major trends can be derived namely along the north-south axis and along the east-west axis of the country. The cancer sites responsible for these patterns are identified. PMID- 3225079 TI - Risk factors for breast and endometrial cancer in a cohort of women treated with menopausal oestrogens. AB - A matched case-control study was undertaken with the aim of determining the presence of several risk factors for breast and endometrial cancer in a cohort of women--recruited from a defined geographical area of Sweden--who had received at least one oestrogen prescription for menopausal symptoms. A mailed questionnaire was answered by 653 (88.8%) of 735 women sampled from the cohort (cases) and 952 (76.8%) of 1240 women sampled from the background population (controls) and these respondents formed the basis of the analyses. The prevalence rates of oophorectomy and hysterectomy were significantly higher among oestrogen-treated women than in the background population, 10.7% versus 2.6% (odds ratio (OR) = 5.1, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 3.1-8.5) and 19.0% versus 7.3% (OR = 2.7, Cl 1.9-3.8), respectively. Higher theoretical education entailed a more than twofold increase in the risk of receiving oestrogen treatment, compared with women with less than eight years at school. Women who had a first degree relative with breast cancer ran a relative risk of receiving oestrogen therapy of 0.6 (Cl 0.4 0.9) whereas the risk for women with a prior breast biopsy was 1.4 (Cl 1.0-2.1). For all other variables studied, ie diabetes, hypertension, age at menarche, age at first livebirth, nulliparity, age at menopause, height and weight, there were no statistically significant differences between the cohort of oestrogen-treated women and the background population. We conclude that the difference in the prevalence of hysterectomy has to be taken into account when calculating the risk of endometrial cancer in the cohort.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225080 TI - A case-control study of testicular cancer using Connecticut tumour registry data. AB - This case-control study was designed to determine whether males who were exposed to diethylstilboestrol (DES) in utero are at increased risk of testicular cancer. Questionnaires were completed for 79 residents of Connecticut, who were diagnosed with primary cancer of the testes between 1945 and approximately six months into 1980. An equal number of matched controls drawn from birth certificate records available from the Connecticut State Department of Health Services also submitted questionnaires. Information included data on past medical conditions of subjects and obstetrical history of mothers. The major finding of this study was a statistically significant elevated risk for premature birth for the testicular cancer cases. The study failed to show that DES increased the risk for testicular cancer. However, in view of the findings from previous human and animal studies of such abnormalities as undescended and hypoplastic testes as well as the consideration that only the earliest exposed birth cohort has reached the age of substantial cancer risk, it would seem prudent for any male who has been prenatally exposed to DES to seek medical follow-up. PMID- 3225081 TI - Multistage modelling of lung cancer mortality in asbestos textile workers. AB - The Armitage-Doll multistage model of cancer is applied to data from a cohort study of lung cancer in 1261 white male workers from one asbestos textile manufacturing plant. Three approaches are used: induction time analysis; analysis of the relationship of the excess incidence rate to age at first exposure and time since first exposure; and direct fitting of the Armitage-Doll model. Poisson regression was used for all analyses. The induction time analysis was conducted using Rothman's 'window of exposure' method. This suggested that the increase in rate ratio was primarily due to exposures occurring 15-24 years previously, whereas there was little effect from exposures occurring 0-14 or 25+ years previously. The excess incidence rate increased both with age at first exposure and time since first exposure, suggesting that asbestos acted at a stage intermediate between the first and penultimate stages. Direct fitting of the Armitage-Doll model suggested that the best fit was obtained by assuming that asbestos acts at stage 3, 4 or 5 of a six-stage process. Most analyses of the type presented here are unable to determine at which stage a carcinogen acts, due to the small numbers of cancer deaths occurring in typical occupational cohorts. Furthermore, there is reason to doubt the validity of the Armitage-Doll model. However, such analyses can at least suggest whether a carcinogen appears to act at an early, intermediate or late stage, and the general statistical methods applied here will retain their usefulness as further models are developed and larger data sets become available. PMID- 3225082 TI - Haemostatic and other risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and social class: evidence from the Caerphilly and Speedwell studies. AB - There are marked associations between social class and mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Using data from the Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Heart Disease Studies the relationships between a number of known risk factors for IHD and social class are explored. The overall conclusions are that lipids and obesity are unlikely to play any part in explaining social differences in ischaemic heart disease. Blood pressure, particularly stystolic pressure, could be involved but the two data sets are inconsistent and associations are only shown in Speedwell. There are marked differences in the haemostatic related variables in the various social classes and the pattern of these is similar in Caerphilly and Speedwell. It is possible therefore that the class pattern of IHD is generated, in part at least, by differences in haemostatic mechanisms. These differences in haemostatic function are almost entirely due to the large social class differences in smoking habit. It is possible therefore that the class differences in IHD result from differences in smoking habit. PMID- 3225083 TI - Death from cardiovascular disease in Italy, 1972-1981: decline in mortality rates and possible causes. AB - Mortality rates for cardiovascular disease vary widely between countries, and epidemiological patterns (trends in incidence rates, prevalence of risk factors, availability of medical care) are heterogeneous even among industrialized nations. We studied mortality from cardiovascular disease in Italy from 1972 to 1981 and compared mortality to trends in risk factors during the same period. Age adjusted mortality rates for acute ischaemic heart disease (IHD) have increased in Italy from 1972 to reach a peak in 1978 (180.53/100,000 in males, 51.55/100,000 in females), then declined between 1978 and 1981, by 7% in males and 5% in females. The decline was more evident in males and in the younger age groups. Deaths from chronic IHD reached a peak in 1973 in females and in 1975 in males, then decreased, respectively by 24.8% and 35.7% until 1981. Mortality for cerebrovascular disease declined from 1972 to 1981 by 16.2% in males and 21.5% in females. Data from national statistics and sample surveys in different areas of Italy show an increase in total calorie intake, in animal proteins, fats and dairy products and raised average serum cholesterol levels plus an increase in smoking prevalence but a possible decline in blood pressure levels. The roles of hypertension treatment and of access to specialized medical care are discussed as possible contributors to the new declining trend of IHD, and the need is stressed for preventive strategies in health promotion. PMID- 3225084 TI - Cardiovascular risk factors predicting all causes of death in an occupational population sample. AB - A group of 768 men aged 40-59 at entry examination and belonging to an occupational sample of railroad employees in Rome have been examined for the measurement of some risk factors and followed-up for 20 years. In all 676 men, free from life-threatening diseases and with all measurements available, produced 166 fatal events in 20 years. Out of the 27 different personal characteristics considered only six contributed significantly to the multivariate prediction of all causes of death in the Cox proportional hazards computed by the forward stepwise technique. The factors predicting all causes of death were age, cigarette smoking, diabetes, blood pressure, mother's vital status and being on a diet prescribed by a doctor. The relative risk of those located in the upper decile of the estimated risk as compared to the bottom decile was 8.2. The results do not differ much from those obtained in a demographic sample studied in the same way. PMID- 3225085 TI - Risk factors for coronary heart disease in middle-aged men in Crete in 1982. AB - Risk factors for coronary heart disease were studied in healthy middle-aged Cretan men in order to compare them with the middle-aged men of a previous generation studied in 1960 as the Cretan cohort of the Seven Countries Study (1960). In the present cohort mean values for total cholesterol were 5.48 mmol/L, for HDL-cholesterol 1.26 mmol/L, for triglycerides 1.41 mmol/L, for systolic blood pressure 128 mmHg, and for diastolic blood pressure 77 mmHg. Serum cholesterol was higher and blood pressure slightly lower than the values observed in 1960. However, it is uncertain whether these changes were real or caused by changes in methodology. The mean body mass index has increased from 22.6 in 1960 to 26.9 kg/m2 in 1982, due to an increase in fatness. The percentage of smokers had increased from 57.4% to 74.1%. Upon multiple regression analysis the body mass index, the subscapular to triceps skinfold ratio and smoking were negatively and independently related with HDL-cholesterol. Body mass index correlated positively with serum triglycerides. Although the incidence of coronary heart disease is still low in Crete, it is concluded that there is nothing in the risk profile of these middle-aged men to suggest that they are at a low risk for coronary heart disease. PMID- 3225086 TI - Determinants of the increase of serum cholesterol with age: a longitudinal study. AB - In Western populations, the level of serum cholesterol increases with age, whereas in certain developing countries this increase is absent. In order to determine which factors are related to this increase, the authors investigated 99 men and 70 women whose serum cholesterol, habitual food intake, and body mass index were measured between 1974 and 1979 when they were students (baseline values) and again in 1985 (follow-up measurement). Serum cholesterol had increased by 0.59 mmol/l (14%) in men, and by 0.34 mmol/l (7%) in women. The effect of changes in habitual food intake on serum cholesterol was quantified as the Keys score. The mean increase of the Keys score corresponded to a change in cholesterol of 0.12 mmol/l for both men and women. Body mass index had increased by 0.9 kg/m2 in men and by 0.5 kg/m2 in women. Regression analysis showed that in men change in body mass index partly explained the change in serum cholesterol (r = 0.20). In women none of the independent variables could explain changes in serum cholesterol. In order to determine what the effect of ageing was independent of changes in body mass index and dietary changes, 34 volunteers who had participated in the follow-up measurements and whose change in body mass index had been less than 2 kg/m2, were prescribed a diet for three weeks. This diet had the same composition as their habitual diet at baseline measurement. It lowered serum cholesterol levels by 0.1 mmol/l over the three weeks of the trial, and thus could not abolish the rise of serum cholesterol with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225087 TI - Stability and validity of a single serum cholesterol measurement in a prospective cohort study. AB - The variation of serum cholesterol level was studied in a cohort of 16,281 individuals, with repeated measurements of cholesterol. The mean correlation coefficient between the two cholesterol values taken with a six-week interval on two occasions was 0.74. This correlation coefficient indicates a short-term variation of serum cholesterol, and reflects measurement errors and intra individual fluctuations in cholesterol level, eg due to variations in dietary habits. The correlation coefficient for serum cholesterol values taken with a two year interval was 0.66 and reflects a long-term variation. The ratio between these coefficients may be interpreted as a rough estimate of a correlation between the true cholesterol levels at a two-year interval, free from measurement errors and short-term intra-individual variations in dietary habits. The validity was assessed with the correlation between a single serum cholesterol value and mortality from myocardial infarction, in a cohort of 92,839 individuals followed up for 14-16 years. The relative risks (RR) for death in myocardial infarction increased with increasing cholesterol levels. The RRs were in accordance with the well-established correlation between serum cholesterol and death from myocardial infarction. The results indicated a fairly high stability of the cholesterol level in blood and that the cholesterol values in the studied cohort were not less reliable than in comparable studies. PMID- 3225088 TI - Self-reported long-term smoking cessation in patients with respiratory disease: prediction of success and perception of health effects. AB - Smoking status of 372 patients with respiratory disease, who had been advised to quit smoking by a respiratory specialist, was assessed six months after the advice. A multiple logistic regression model was developed for prediction of successful abstinence. The patients were again followed four to seven years later. Questionnaires were returned by 160 patients (43.0%). Of the remaining patients, 27 (7.3%) had died, 12 (3.2%) refused to participate, 53 (14.2%) had no current address available and 120 (32.3%) did not return questionnaires mailed to them. Among the respondents, 31.9% reported at least one year of abstinence from cigarettes, 63.1% were still smoking and 5.0% had quit smoking for periods of less than one year. While the original logistic model was not very useful for predicting long-term success (69.7% accuracy of classification), a model that included, as predictors, six-month smoking status and reasons for smoking other than addiction, was more useful (78.9% accuracy). At follow-up, successful abstainers reported improvement in their respiratory condition but no differences were found in reported symptoms or emotional well-being when they were compared to those who continued to smoke. Treatment implications of these results are discussed and include offers of alternative treatments if short-term abstinence is not achieved following physician advice. PMID- 3225089 TI - An association of cigarette smoking with recurrent subareolar breast abscess. AB - In a series of 60 patients suffering from recurrent subareolar breast abscess (RSBA) heavy cigarette smoking was found at an unusually high frequency compared to a control group. In contrast with findings reported in the literature no relation was found with parity, oral contraceptive use or nipple retraction. The strong association of cigarette smoking and RSBA with a relative risk of 9.2 (3.6 23.5) for a light smoker and of 26.4 (9.9-70.2) for a heavy smoker counterbalances possible bias introduced by the retrospective analysis and by the hospital control group. The pathogenesis of RSBA is still not established. Cigarette smoking could have either a direct toxic effect on the retroareolar lactiferous ducts or an indirect effect via hormonal stimulation of the breast secretion; both hypotheses could explain the recurrent aspect of the disease. PMID- 3225090 TI - Smoking among junior high school students in Nagoya, Japan. AB - A questionnaire survey was administered in January 1982 to 3090 junior high school boys and girls in Nagoya, Japan. The proportion of current regular smokers who smoke at least one cigarette per week was 3.6% for boys and 0.5% for girls. By the third grade this had increased to 6.9% and 1.2% respectively for each sex. Multivariate analysis of associated social psychological factors revealed that peer smoking was most strongly related to individual smoking status. Parental smoking, sibling smoking, educational aspiration, and attitudes toward anti smoking legislation for minors were also significantly related to smoking status. The fostering of resistance to social pressure to smoke, family involvement, strict execution of the law, and increased experiences of success in academic, social and physical activities should be considered in smoking prevention programmes for this age group. PMID- 3225091 TI - Regional differences in decline of mortality from selected conditions: The Netherlands, 1969-1984. AB - In The Netherlands, as in many other industrialized countries, recent mortality developments have been characterized by rapid declines for a number of important causes of death. The results of an analysis of regional variation in mortality decline within The Netherlands are reported, covering the period 1969-1984. The causes of death included in this analysis are Perinatal mortality, Cerebrovascular disease, a more global 'Amenable' selection (formed by aggregating a number of causes of death considered to be amenable to medical intervention), Cancer of the stomach, Ischaemic heart disease and Traffic accidents. For Perinatal mortality, Cerebrovascular disease, the 'Amenable' selection, and Ischaemic heart disease, as well as for Total mortality, declines have not been geographically homogeneous. Perinatal mortality had a tendency to decline faster in regions where starting levels were higher, suggesting a certain convergence. For Cerebrovascular disease and the 'Amenable' selection, but especially for Ischaemic heart disease, the reverse was true. A simple correlation analysis shows that for Perinatal mortality, as well as for the 'Amenable' selection, mortality declined faster in less urbanized, more peripherally located, lower income areas. There is no association with the presence of a university hospital. This pattern suggests that faster mortality decline for these conditions is due to factors other than faster diffusion of new medical technologies. For Ischaemic heart disease, mortality declined faster in more urbanized, more centrally located, higher income areas. Although this pattern is what one would expect as a result of regional differences in the diffusion of new medical technologies, it may also be due to differences in the diffusion of new lifestyles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225092 TI - Birthweight and perinatal mortality of second births conditional on weight of the first. AB - A woman's successive offspring tend to have similar birthweights. We use data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to describe weight and perinatal mortality of second births given the weight of the mother's first birth. Mean weights among second births differ by as much as 1000 grams, depending on the weight of the first. Furthermore, the survival of the second baby at any given weight is strongly affected by its weight relative to the first baby's weight. A baby may be average size compared to the whole population, but small compared to its sibling; such a baby has the increased mortality that goes with being relatively small. For example, an infant of 3250 grams is relatively large if the mother's previous baby was 2250 grams, but relatively small if the previous birth weighed 4250 grams. In the first case, the mortality risk of the 3250-gram baby is 2.2 per thousand, while in the second case, risk for the same weight infant is 9.0, or four times higher. Implications of these observations for the more general analysis of birthweight and perinatal mortality are discussed. PMID- 3225093 TI - Sex-specific suicide trends in Canada, 1971-1985. AB - The present study analysed changes in sex-specific suicide rates in Canada from 1971 to 1985. A significant increase in the male-to-female ratio of suicide rates was observed. Our analysis of sex-specific age-adjusted rates revealed that this increasing ratio was a function of both increasing male rates and decreasing female rates, but that the latter was more marked. This divergence of male and female rates within the last decade and a half parallels similar changes noted both in the US and in the majority of European countries, but contrasts with a pattern of converging rates throughout North America and much of Europe prior to 1970. PMID- 3225094 TI - Nutrient sources in the English diet: quantitative data from three English towns. AB - Diet records from 2402 middle-aged men and women in three English towns have been used to derive food lists which indicate the percentage contribution each food, or group of foods, makes to the intake of specific nutrients. Comparison of these food lists with those based on the American diet show differences in sources of nutrients; for example, brussels sprouts provide 5% of the vitamin C intake in our English towns, whereas in the US they provide only 0.3%. It would not be appropriate, therefore, to use American food lists in English populations, since important sources of the nutrient may be omitted or non-important sources included. These food lists can be used for English populations as a basis for food frequency questionnaires. PMID- 3225095 TI - Nutritional status of poor preschool children in a defined area in Java--can weight monitoring influence nutrition? AB - Identification of undernutrition by routine Village Weighing Programmes (VWP) showed poor congruence with a nutrition survey in 193 preschool children from three defined areas of matched low economic status in Java. Measurements were similar to those of 50 years ago. Undernutrition varies from 3%-48% by different cutoff points. Twelve per cent are = less than -2SD for weight-for-height. Surveys can indicate population nutritional status for programme evaluation and planning. VWP results are not suitable for statistics. With less attention to recording measurements and more attention to local knowledge and common sense, more treatment of disease and individualized advice, VWPs could be more effective. Poverty remains the main constraint for improvement of population nutrition. PMID- 3225096 TI - Who consults and where? Sociocultural differentiation in access to health care in urban Africa. AB - Sociocultural differentiation in health behaviour was studied among 500 mothers randomly chosen in the suburban area of Dakar, Senegal. Variables were age, marital status, educational level, socioeconomic conditions, urban experience, town integration, village attachment, social insurance, ethnic group and disease categories. Access to health care was considered for the last illness of the mother and her youngest child under five. Town integration and disease category (and social insurance for children) were the only variables correlated with the number of consultations. Socioeconomic level and social insurance (and educational level for mothers) were associated with preference for private rather than public health systems. PMID- 3225097 TI - An outbreak of foodborne hepatitis A in a factory: a possible shift in age of patients in Japan. AB - We investigated extensively an outbreak of hepatitis A at a factory in suburban Nagoya. Epidemiological study indicated a foodborne outbreak by a supplier of lunches. Serologically, all the employees younger than 30 years of age had been susceptible to hepatitis A virus, but the highest morbidity was observed in the 40-44 age group. The age difference in morbidity from foodborne hepatitis and susceptible populations suggests a shift in mean patient age linked to a shift in antibody prevalence to hepatitis A virus. In communities where the prevalence started shifting after development of sanitary systems, effective prophylaxis for foodborne hepatitis A will be necessary to prevent the disease in an increasing number of older patients in a few decades. PMID- 3225098 TI - A note concerning the analysis of an epidemic of Q fever. AB - Techniques of statistical analysis developed for the analysis of experiments, for which the usual precautions of randomization ensure independence, are not necessarily appropriate to the analysis of epidemics. An outbreak of Q Fever in a Swiss Alpine valley previously reported in the International Journal of Epidemiology is analysed to make this point. PMID- 3225099 TI - The epidemiology of a measles outbreak on a remote offshore island near Taiwan. AB - In September-October 1985, a measles outbreak occurred among elementary school students on a small offshore island near Taiwan. The outbreak began with nosocomial transmission of measles in a hospital emergency room on the main island of Taiwan. Four distinct generations of transmission occurred among elementary school children an their household contacts. Elementary school children were susceptible to measles because they were born after the last major outbreak, but before measles vaccine was locally available. Low immunization rates and low vaccine efficacy contributed to the spread of measles among preschool-age household contacts. PMID- 3225100 TI - An outbreak of type A foodborne botulism in Taiwan due to commercially preserved peanuts. AB - Until recently, botulism was not recognized as an important public health problem in Taiwan. In 1986, an outbreak of type A foodborne botulism resulted in nine cases, two of them fatal. The vehicle in this outbreak was commercially preserved peanuts processed by an improperly equipped, unlicensed cannery. A single batch of peanuts was implicated; however, we could not determine why this particular batch was contaminated. Efforts to recall the product were hampered by a lack of distribution records. Mass media announcements were used to warn the public about the outbreak, and preliminary data suggest the ensuing publicity improved botulism surveillance. The local preference for low-acid preserved foods, increasing consumerism, the shortage of adequately trained inspectors are factors which probably contributed to this outbreak. Stricter enforcement of food sanitation policies are needed to meet the changing situation in Taiwan. PMID- 3225101 TI - An epidemiological study of rotavirus diarrhoea in a cohort of Nigerian infants: I. Methodology and experiences in the recruitment and follow-up of patients. AB - A community-based prospective study was carried out in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria, to determine the epidemiology of rotavirus infection and diarrhoea among children in the first two years of life. Implementation of the proposed study methods was hindered by a number of factors common to large urban areas in developing Africa. These factors included difficulties in recruiting the study sample because of maternal fears, cultural beliefs, and lack of paternal consent. Following recruitment, longitudinal surveillance was made difficult by inefficient telecommunications, a haphazard house numbering system, transportation difficulties, mobility of the population, and lack of incentive for continued participation. Despite these difficulties, 73% of the recruited newborns remained in the study until they reached the age of 12 months. The drop out rate in the second year of study was higher, largely because fewer incentives could be provided during the second year. This paper reviews the operational considerations of implementing a longitudinal study protocol under these conditions, and discusses the potential impact of these problems and the measures taken to overcome them on the results of this study. PMID- 3225102 TI - An epidemiological study of rotavirus diarrhoea in a cohort of Nigerian infants: II. Incidence of diarrhoea in the first two years of life. AB - In a community-based prospective study of diarrhoeal diseases carried out in Ibadan, 131 infants were selected at birth. The maximum possible length of follow up ranged from 16 to 24 months. Weekly surveillance for diarrhoea was carried out at home by Primary Health Care workers. Each child was also required to attend a monthly clinic. Of the 131 babies, 95 (73%) completed at least one year of follow up. All of these had at least one episode of diarrhoea within the first year of life. The incidence rate of diarrhoea in the first year of life was 3.2 cases/child/year. The mean duration of diarrhoea days in the first year of life was 16 per child per year (range 3-34 days). The peak incidence of diarrhoea and the greatest number of diarrhoea days were in the age interval 6-9 months. The mean duration of diarrhoea was five days per episode. Faecal samples for 280 diarrhoea episodes during the first year of life were examined for rotavirus using the ELISA technique: 22 (7.7%) were found to be positive. The mean duration of rotavirus diarrhoea episodes was eight days. PMID- 3225103 TI - An examination of three spatial disease clustering methodologies. AB - Patterns of disease in space are often analysed to determine whether a relationship exists between a disease outcome and environmental exposures. This report examines the performance of three cluster analytical methods when applied to a single data set. These methods, designed to assess the purely spatial variation of events, have been examined to assess their ability to detect clustering in an area where disease rates have previously been shown to be significantly elevated. The ability of these methods to detect spatial clustering was also examined using simulation techniques. All three methods were found to be poor at detecting spatially localized disease rates which were approximately three time the expected rate, as measured by the relative risk. PMID- 3225104 TI - Defining measurement precision for effort dependent tests: the case of three neurobehavioural tests. AB - For effort dependent tests, the estimation of measurement precision (reproducibility) is complicated by learning effects and submaximal efforts which inflate the variance of repeated trials. To illustrate an approach to the estimation problem, precision was evaluated for three neurobehavioural tests based on the responses of 76 boatbuilders tested on four separate test occasions within a one-week period. The average Coefficient of Variation (CV) for repeated trials within a test session was 6%, 16% and 13% for the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Symbol-Digit substitution test (SDS) and the Hand-Eye motor coordination test (HEM), respectively. In order to adjust for the effects of learning, the first trial(s) of a session were excluded from the calculation of performance level and its precision. This adjustment for learning significantly improved the precision for SDS and HEM to a CV of 8%. Inspection of the distributions of best efforts by trial number indicated that dropping the early trial(s) eliminated the best efforts of 34%, 22% and 7% of the subjects on the three tests respectively. When the worst two trials were excluded regardless of order, precision improved significantly to less than 5% for all three tests. On the basis of these results, a 5% precision rule for CPT and a 10% precision rule for SDS and HEM are provisionally recommended. The test results of subjects unable to meet this criterion should be identified, but in order to avoid selection bias, they should be analysed separately rather than excluded. PMID- 3225105 TI - Men who do not drink. PMID- 3225106 TI - Parental age and cancer risk in offspring. PMID- 3225107 TI - Sex differences in neonatal survival. PMID- 3225108 TI - Influence of age and vitamin C status on serum cholesterol. PMID- 3225109 TI - Statistical errors in software. PMID- 3225110 TI - Proceedings of a symposium on weak associations in epidemiology. Wageningen, The Netherlands, April 1988. PMID- 3225111 TI - Weak associations in epidemiological research: some examples and their interpretation. AB - The study of the epidemiology of chronic non-infectious diseases grew rapidly after the Second World War. In the early 1950s strong associations were found in studies based on hypotheses derived from clinical, demographic and animal observations. The associations between smoking and lung cancer, physical exercise and myocardial infarction, and air pollution and mortality all led to more than three decades of epidemiological endeavour to refine our understanding of the initial observations. As the large effects were discovered, new associations were perforce of smaller magnitude. The benefits of milk supplements to the diet of school-age children was elegantly shown in an MRC trial in 1920s using small numbers of deprived children, whereas in the 1970s, when the population's nutrition was vastly improved, many thousands of children were needed to give an answer. The impact of passive smoking on cancer incidence, on children's health and on pregnancy is a current debate because of the vanishingly small effects. Studies of the relation between alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the outcome of pregnancy has given rise to conflicting findings so that clear cut scientifically based recommendations cannot be given to social drinkers. The demands of governments for epidemiological evidence on which to base standards for pollutants in the air, water and ground, has resulted in the need for multiple studies using different techniques to suggest whether or not an association between health and exposure exists. These examples are used to illustrate the difficulties of interpretation of epidemiological studies when the effects of suspected risk factors are small. PMID- 3225112 TI - A strengthening programme for weak associations. AB - The strength of a causal association depends on the relative prevalence of other component causes for the same disease. Weak associations may sometimes be strengthened by restricting attention to people at low risk. This technique may lead to fewer subjects to study, but nevertheless may provide more information by which to evaluate a causal relation. A second method for strengthening associations is to reduce non-differential misclassification, which tends to dilute associations. Increasing the specificity of measurement for exposure, disease, and the timing between causal action and disease onset should produce stronger associations that are easier to interpret and more descriptive of the underlying causal mechanism. PMID- 3225113 TI - Weak associations in environmental epidemiology. AB - Several suggestions have been made to enhance study designs to strengthen weak associations. Among these are reduction of non-differential misclassification, and restriction of studies to populations with low underlying risk of disease, due to low exposures to other known determinants of the health effect under investigation. To some extent, these suggestions have been put to use in environmental epidemiology, and in this paper, some prospects and problems associated with these attempts are discussed using examples from our own research. PMID- 3225114 TI - Weak associations in nutritional epidemiology: the importance of replication of observations on individuals. AB - Day-to-day variation within an individual's dietary intake may obscure associations between diet and disease. We calculated the extent of misclassification of subjects by dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio for 1, 3, 7 and 19 survey days per person. In 59 young women diet was estimated 19 times over a period of two and a half years by a 24-hour recall method. The dietary P/S ratio was compared with the P/S ratio in adipose tissue biopsies, which was used as the reference. The proportion of subjects properly classified increased with the number of survey days. Between three and seven recalls appeared to be most cost effective. The effect of misclassification on the observed odds ratio in a case-control study was calculated for a hypothetical distribution of exposure for cases and controls. PMID- 3225116 TI - Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa:Eimeriidae) parasitic in the rat-kangaroos Hypsiprymnodon moschatus, Potorous tridactylus, Aepyprymnus rufescens and Bettongia gaimardi (Marsupialia:Potoroidae). PMID- 3225115 TI - Weak associations in occupational epidemiology: adjustment for exposure estimation error. AB - Epidemiological studies often estimate the health effects of occupational exposures by multiple regression techniques. The standard theory of regression analysis is based on the assumption that the explanatory variables are known without error, and it has long been realised that departures from this assumption will lead to underestimation of the true regression coefficients. In reality, there may be considerable imprecision in the measurement of individuals' exposures to hazards in the workplace, but this is seldom taken into account in analyses. We therefore studied the effect of allowing for imprecision in the exposure estimate with more sophisticated statistical methods, using lung function data from a sample of 348 British miners exposed to mixed coal dust, over an eight-year period. Change in lung function over an eight-year period was regressed on cumulative dust exposure, weight, age and smoking habits. The error in the exposure estimation was assumed to be up to 30% of the total varience of the distribution of the exposure. Adjustment of the regression coefficients of lung function change on dust exposure for the estimation error using linear structural relationships increased the regression coefficient more than threefold compared with those calculated by standard regression analysis. The adjustment led to a change of the coefficients of age as well. The results indicate that a serious underestimation of the relation between lung function change and occupational exposure may occur, which might lead to false interpretations about the relative importance of the occupational exposure as a determinant of disease. PMID- 3225117 TI - Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa:Eimeriidae) parasitic in wallabies and kangaroos of the genera Setonix, Thylogale, Wallabia, Lagorchestes and Dendrolagus (Marsupialia:Macropodidae). PMID- 3225118 TI - Fertilization and oogenesis of the lung fluke, Paragonimus ohirai (Trematoda:Troglotrematidae). PMID- 3225119 TI - Trichostrongylid parasite populations in pregnant or lactating and unmated Florida Native and Dorset/Rambouillet ewes. PMID- 3225120 TI - The induction of permeability in egg-shells of Ascaris suum prior to hatching. PMID- 3225122 TI - Sex-specific antigens on the surface and in the secretions of Nematospiroides dubius. PMID- 3225121 TI - Possible roles for pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and thiol-dependent peroxidase and reductase activities in resistance to nitroheterocyclic drugs in Giardia intestinalis. PMID- 3225123 TI - Health care in the Yemen Arab Republic. AB - The Yemen Arab Republic has health-care problems similar to other developing countries yet lacks the abundant oil reserves of its Arabian peninsula neighbors to address these problems. An ambitious 5 year health plan developed in 1977 has been impeded by a lack of material and human resources. The infant mortality rate remains one of the highest in the world, schistosomiasis drains the energy of the people, and tuberculosis and malaria remain endemic. Progress is, however, being made in health-care educational programs within Sanaa University and the Health Manpower Institutes to develop the resources of the Yemeni people to meet the health-care needs of their country. PMID- 3225124 TI - Notes on the utilization of traditional and modern/Western mental health practices among the Yoruba, Nigeria. AB - The problem of utilization of modern/Western and traditional mental health practices among the Yoruba people of Nigeria is the focus of this paper. The Yorubas' beliefs about mental disorders, causes and the value of traditional systems against modern/Western mental health practices are discussed. The paper ends with suggestions for the better use of traditional knowledge and the integration of this knowledge with Western practices--all for the general good of the would-be clients. PMID- 3225125 TI - Effectiveness of primary health-care nurses in the promotion of oral rehydration therapy in a rural area of Nigeria. AB - Using a pre- and post-intervention method, this study evaluates the effects of verbal instructions and demonstration by the primary health-care nurses on knowledge, attitude and practice of home management of childhood diarrhoea by mothers in a rural area of Nigeria. Although the proportion of mothers that knew how to prepare and give oral rehydration therapy (ORT) increased significantly from 6.2 to 47.0%, few (9.5%) were practising it during subsequent episodes of diarrhoea. The use of starvation by the mothers also decreased significantly from 43.0 to 8.2% however the use of traditional medicines and medicines from chemists did not show any significant change. The beliefs that sugar worsens diarrhoea, that home-made ORT was not a medicine, and continued reliance of the mothers on traditional healers and medicine dealers for advice were factors constraining adoption of the ORT by the mothers. For effectiveness, therefore, the educational programmes of the nurses should also be directed at the traditional healers and the medicine dealers. PMID- 3225126 TI - Effects of preparation for mastectomy/hysterectomy on women's post-operative self care behaviors. AB - The research problem was: what are the effects of preparation for mastectomy/hysterectomy on women's self-care behaviors during the immediate post operative period, and 1 month after surgery? Study subjects were 60 women, 30 mastectomy and 30 hysterectomy, equally divided into an experimental and control group. The independent variable, structured teaching, was administered by a nurse clinician before and after surgery. The dependent variable, self-care, during the immediate post-operative period, was defined as the performance of three ambulation tasks on day 1. Five additional exercises were rated for the mastectomy group on day 1 and four on day 2. Task performance was rated on three criteria: time interval, amount of prompting and amount of assistance required for the first complete performance (as demonstrated and practiced pre operatively) of each exercise. During the clinic phase, 1 month post-surgery, self-care was the score obtained on a Self-Care Rating Scale, obtained by patient report and based on the discharge planning content. Findings showed that for the in-hospital phase, patients in the group given pre-operative instructions performed at a significantly higher level. They required neither prompting nor assistance in the initiation and completion of ambulation tasks compared to the uninstructed group. Most patients in the uninstructed group did not initiate nor complete the tasks despite prompting and physical assistance from the nurse. For the clinic phase, both the instructed post-mastectomy and post-hysterectomy groups performed self-care activities at home significantly better than and more frequently than the uninstructed groups. PMID- 3225127 TI - Selected AIDS beliefs, behaviors and informational needs of homosexual/bisexual men with AIDS or ARC. AB - Due to the current absence of curative therapies, patients with AIDS or ARC (AIDS Related Complex) rely on information to provide them with a sense of control over their lives [Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Confronting AIDS: Directions for Public Health, Health Care and Research (1986)]. The purpose of this study was to describe AIDS beliefs, behaviors and informational needs of patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex 7 years into the epidemic. Data were collected once using a modified version of the AIDS Beliefs and Behaviors Questionnaire (ABBQ) developed by McKusick et al. [Am. J. Public Hlth. 75, 493 496 (1985)] and Moran et al. [Oncol. Nurs. Forum (1988)]. Study results showed that 90% of outpatients (N = 30) at an internationally recognized AIDS medical center wanted more information about building their immune systems. Surprisingly few patients (10%) wanted explicit information about safe sexual behaviors, although 4 years into the epidemic, this information was a central concern [Moran, Unpublished Masters thesis (1986)]. Results suggests that nurses need to take a more active role in monitoring and addressing patients' changing informational needs. PMID- 3225128 TI - Nursing procedures and their function as policies for effective practice. AB - Documents covering nursing procedures form part of the District Health Authorities policies in the United Kingdom. How far such written documents contribute to standards of care has not been established. As part of a wider investigation, a postal survey of all District Health Authorities in England and Wales was undertaken to examine the content of procedures for catheter care. Eighty-two per cent of Authorities responded and it was found that the documents consisted largely of a detailed list of steps to be followed. There was no complete coverage of all components of care and there were gaps in information concerned with patient safety. In discussion it is suggested that procedures reflect technical performance rather than guidelines for good practice. In the light of this analysis it is argued that the profession should reconsider the place of such documents within the Health Authorities' quality assurance programme. PMID- 3225129 TI - Nurses' work satisfaction and feelings of health and stress in three psychiatric departments. AB - A study was conducted to compare nurses' work satisfaction and feelings of health and stress in three psychiatric departments differing in type of work. Subjects were 65 nurses. Questionnaires and interviews were used. From the results it appears that the admissions department receives relatively high scores on the work satisfaction variables. The short-stay department especially scores relatively negative on both the work satisfaction and health and stress variables. These results are explained in terms of the different work situations, stressing the differences between a dynamic psychiatric environment and a work situation where aims and expectations are not met. PMID- 3225130 TI - A study of nurses' knowledge and attitudes about sexuality in health care. AB - This article discusses a questionnaire study carried out to investigate knowledge and attitudes towards sexuality among 50 trained nurses working in gynaecological and non-gynaecological wards in the U.K. Knowledge levels were low and attitudes were traditional, and the gynaecology nurses' scores showed them to be less knowledgeable and more conservative than other nurses. These findings match those of studies carried out in the U.S.A. in the 1970s. The implications of the study for nurse education are considered, bearing in mind some reservations concerning the research instruments used. PMID- 3225131 TI - Anxiety, infection, and death. PMID- 3225132 TI - Induced acute ischaemia in dog bones: age-related effects. AB - Acute ischaemia was induced in the lower limb of both growing and adult dogs by injection of the femoral artery with a suspension of carborundum and ground glass in physiological saline. Besides the gangrenous process observed in all the animals, the most striking finding was the quite different reaction between the two groups of dogs. The ischaemic bones of the growing dogs presented a tremendous periosteal woven bone formation and, to a lesser extent, an endosteal one. This new bone apposition was accompanied by compact bone resorption. The osteogenic phenomenon involved in some degree metaphyseal and epiphyseal intertrabecular spaces. This process took place from the 12th day of experiment and was never observed in the adult dogs. It can be interpreted as the result of the transitory periosseous vascular system activity originating from the surrounding soft tissues. Furthermore, the physiological inactivity of the periosteal osteogenic layer in the adult animals is probably responsible for the absence of osteogenic reaction in this experimental group. PMID- 3225133 TI - Vasoreactivity in isolated perfused atherosclerotic human coronary arteries. AB - Atherosclerosis may be important in the modulation of arterial vasoreactivity and coronary artery flow. Since the endothelium is reduced or absent in atherosclerosis, drug effects are enhanced or modulated. To examine this hypothesis, vasoreactivity induced by serotonin (5-HT) was studied in isolated, perfused, and pharmacologically responsive normal and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries obtained within five hours post mortem. In this model, flow was maintained through the vessels and the effects of vasospasm and vasorelaxation on decreasing and increasing flow respectively were measured. Vessels 3 cm long and approximately 1.5 mm in internal diameter were dissected free and perfused at constant pressure (30 mm Hg) with oxygenated Krebs bicarbonate solution. 5-HT was introduced in the perfusate at 10(-5) M final concentration as a pulse of 100 ml followed by a 1-l washout with drug-free solution. Flow rate and total flow were measured. Normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries showed peak reductions in flow rate of 22% and 92% respectively, while the times to peak reduction of flow averaged 6 and 4 min and the times to 50% relaxation averaged 13 and 24 min. Ultrasound imaging showed that heavily atherosclerotic regions with extensive focal plaque maintained the induced spasm for a longer period than regions with less disease within the same vessel. Silver nitrate staining showed that these heavily atherosclerotic regions were devoid of endothelium. Thus, atherosclerotic human coronary arteries show a larger magnitude of spasm which persists for a longer period of time as compared to normal coronaries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225135 TI - Study on the interference of ticlopidine on the immune system. AB - In-vitro and ex-vivo studies have been performed in order to investigate the possible interference of ticlopidine on different lymphocyte parameters. In vitro, ticlopidine displays a dose-dependent inhibition of both spontaneous and lectin-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation by normal lymphocytes. Moreover the highest drug concentrations also reduce the in-vitro PWM-stimulated Ig synthesis. Lymphocyte tests performed in healthy volunteers after a 10-day oral treatment (250 mg/day) show only a slight reduction of PHA- and ConA-induced proliferative responses and in-vitro PWM-stimulated Ig synthesis. The values found after treatment however remain within the normal range, excluding a clear interference of ticlopidine on the immune parameters tested. In addition the treatment does not affect the white blood cells nor the lymphocyte subset distribution identified by the monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8. PMID- 3225134 TI - Effect of neutrophil activating substances on intracellular generation of phagocyte chemiluminescence by means of luminol-bound microspheres. AB - The intracellular chemiluminescence of granulocytes was measured by luminol-bound microspheres. After one minute of incubation, which was necessary for the granulocytes to phagocytize microspheres, intracellular chemiluminescence was generated. The intracellular chemiluminescence was enhanced by the introduction of granulocyte stimuli including concanavalin A, phorbol-myristate acetate, and formyl peptides. This incremental effect was the result of certain metabolic changes inside the cells. This newly discovered chemiluminescent reagent promises to be a useful tool for examining metabolic changes inside phagocytic cells. PMID- 3225136 TI - No effect of ketoconazole on thyroid function of normals and thyrotoxic patients. AB - To investigate a putative inhibitory effect of the antifungal agent ketoconazole on thyroid function, five patients with thyrotoxicosis and ten normal subjects were treated with ketoconazole at high doses (600 mg daily in three 200 mg oral doses) for four weeks. TSH, TT3, TT4FT3 and FT4 were measured before and after the end of treatment. In all of the normal subjects no significant modifications of circulating thyroid hormones and TSH were detected. In patients with thyrotoxicosis an increase of the levels of circulating thyroid hormones and a worsening of clinical signs were observed. However, this behaviour could not be related to an action of the drug since it not differ from the normal evolution of untreated hyperfunctional thyroid disease. These findings confirm the lack of any inhibitory effect of ketoconazole on the synthesis of thyroid hormones and thyroid function. PMID- 3225137 TI - Clinical and hormonal effects of ketoconazole on hirsutism in women. AB - Twelve women affected by functional postpuberal hirsutism were administered daily with 400 mg of ketoconazole. A significant reduction in the levels of concentration of circulating androgens (T, DEA-S, D4) was observed. A rapid clinical improvement of hirsutism and acne was noted and was even appreciable after treatment had been completed. This study is a further confirmation of the prevalent antiandrogenic action of ketoconazole, seen in its inhibiting effect on steroid synthesis in the adrenal and gonadal glands, and as such indicates that this drug is a useful alternative treatment of hirsutism in women. PMID- 3225138 TI - Adversity and the symptoms of depression. AB - Data from a community survey were used to test the proposition that pathological guilt and vegetative symptoms of depression were less likely to be associated with stressful life events and difficulties than non-specific symptoms like tension and worry. Two types of analysis were carried out: the first took only cases, defined as ID5+ on the Index of Definition program, the second was based on all subjects. Only the second analysis provided support for our predictions. PMID- 3225139 TI - General practitioner referrals to an ambulatory psychiatric service. The effects of establishing an ease of access service. AB - The effects of establishing an ease of access 'walk-in' service on General Practitioner referrals to the ambulatory services of a catchment area psychiatric service are outlined. The characteristics of the patients referred are described. GPs made immediate and sustained use of the walk-in service and its creation expanded use of the ambulatory services by an overall 50%. Individual GPs were found to use the ambulatory services disproportionately and to discriminate between their use of the walk-in service and the coexisting traditionally run outpatient clinic. The walk-in service also allowed patients to refer themselves; a policy which did not result in a flood of inappropriate referrals but enabled patients, already familiar with the service, to re-establish contact in times of distress. The findings are discussed in terms of the current growth of Community Mental Health Centres in the United Kingdom and their implications for GP/Psychiatric Service liaison. PMID- 3225140 TI - Unwelcome guests: bugbears of the emergency room physician. AB - In a prospective study on psychiatric emergencies in the setting of a general hospital, the phenomenon of repeat-visits was studied. Results confirm that repeaters represent a sizeable load on emergency services--about 18% of all psychiatric emergencies. Females and neurotics are over-represented among the repeaters. Chronic repeaters tend to evoke strong feelings among the emergency physicians thereby decreasing their chances of referral to the psychiatry resident on call. PMID- 3225141 TI - Inter-relationships of beliefs about mental illness, psychiatric diagnoses and mental health care delivery among Africans. AB - A survey of 50 male and 50 female (N = 100) psychiatric outpatients of Lagos University Teaching Hospital was carried out. DSM III diagnoses of patients was determined from the case notes. Sociodemographic data were also recorded. Findings were analysed for inter-relationships of diagnoses, sociodemographic data and three belief categories (medical, psychosocial and supernatural). The expected predominance of supernatural beliefs was absent; psychosocial responses were greater than the supernatural. There was no relationship between psychoses and supernatural belief types. PMID- 3225142 TI - An investigation into the relationship between hostility and criminality in schizophrenia. AB - The possible relationship between hostility and criminality was investigated in a sample of 134 schizophrenic patients at the public psychiatric hospital in Athens. The sample consisted of two groups of patients (n = 67 each); an offenders groups and a non-offenders group. No significant differences in hostility were found between the groups. Moreover, degree of hostility bore no relationship to severity of criminal offence. PMID- 3225143 TI - Lay theories of schizophrenia. AB - Subjects completed two brief questionnaires, one concerning the description of, and attitudes towards schizophrenia and schizophrenics and the second on the possible cause of schizophrenia. Both questionnaires yielded a clearly interpretable factor structure and the relationship between the cause and 'symptoms' was examined. The results are discussed in terms of the range, determinants and structure of lay beliefs in mental illness, particularly schizophrenia. PMID- 3225144 TI - Psychogenic vomiting among female Asian migrants to the United Kingdom. AB - Three female Asian migrants to the United Kingdom presented with vomiting which was not of organic origin. Cultural, dynamic and other factors influenced the adoption of vomiting as a manifestation of distress. Non-organic vomiting should be evaluated in terms of its symbolism, gains, and communicatory function for the individual. PMID- 3225145 TI - Psychiatric outpatients in a general hospital of Ethiopia: diagnostic and sociodemographic characteristics. AB - Delivery of mental health care in developing countries has been woefully inadequate. General hospital psychiatric units can play a significant role in providing care to the mentally ill as well as in the training of health professionals. The problems of mental illness are practically the same everywhere as has been highlighted in this paper, which discusses the functioning and diagnostic and demographic data of such a unit in Ethiopia. The paper also compares diagnostic data from Ethiopia with that of an Indian and a British study. PMID- 3225146 TI - Tumorigenicity and dissemination of primary and metastatic human melanomas implanted into different sites in athymic nude mice. AB - In the present study, the growth features and metastatic capacity of human primary and metastatic melanomas transplanted by different routes in nude mice was examined. Eight different human melanoma early cell cultures derived from 3 primary tumors, 1 local recurrence and 4 metastatic lesions of 6 melanoma patients were characterized for cell surface HLA (class I and II) and melanoma associated antigens and karyotype. These tumors were then transplanted in CD-1 outbred nude mice by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intrasplenic routes. It was found that 7 out of 8 melanomas were tumorigenic after subcutaneous implantation without giving rise to metastases; 5 out of 7 melanomas grew when injected intraperitoneally and 3 of them disseminated to peritoneal organs and infiltrated intraperitoneal lymph nodes, liver and pancreas; of 8 melanomas implanted intrasplenically 4 grew in the spleen or invaded intraperitoneal lymph nodes, liver, pancreas, ovaries or lungs. Primary and metastatic melanomas did not differ in the pattern of dissemination. In fact, 2 out of 4 metastases and 1 of 3 primary tumors and 1 recurrence disseminated after intrasplenic or intraperitoneal inoculation. Heterogeneity in the growth pattern of different metastases of the same melanoma patient was also found. No correlation could be detected between the metastatic ability of melanoma cells studied and clinical stage of patients, tumor cell karyotype abnormalities, modal number or with the antigenic phenotype. PMID- 3225147 TI - Perfusion of human umbilical veins. A new approach to study the interactions of circulating malignant cells with vascular wall and their modulations. AB - Interactions of malignant or non-malignant human and rodent cells with the vascular wall were studied using perfused human umbilical cord veins. The integrity of perfused endothelium was confirmed by morphological and functional criteria. Highly malignant cells in vivo adhered to the endothelial cells, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The specific attachment of radiolabelled malignant cells to the whole vein was already maximal within 30-60 min and remained stable for perfusion flow rates ranging between 10 and 60 ml/min. It increased proportionally to the number of cells infused and could be modulated by human platelets, human fibronectin and rabbit anti-laminin antibodies. In contrast, the binding of human or rodent non-malignant cells in vivo, of human red blood cells and of human platelets to the endothelial cells was negligible under similar experimental conditions. This perfusion system therefore represents a new model for elucidating some mechanisms involved in tumour cell arrest in vivo. PMID- 3225148 TI - Role of alveolar macrophages in tumor-bearing rats: tumoricidal properties of carrageenan-activated macrophages. AB - Tumor BN472, a malignant mammary adenocarcinoma, was subcutaneously transplanted into syngeneic female Brown Norway rats. Seven days after tumor inoculation, carrageenan-impregnated synthetic sponges were subcutaneously implanted in control and tumor-bearing rats. Another week later the animals were sacrificed and alveolar macrophages were harvested and tested for tumoricidal activity against a tissue culture line of BN472 cells and their capacity to phagocytose formaldehyde-treated sheep erythrocytes. The data demonstrate that carrageenan statistically significantly enhances the tumoricidal activity of alveolar macrophages in tumor-bearing rats. Phagocytic activity of the macrophages in these animals is not different from sham-operated control animals, whereas the phagocytic activity of tumor-bearing rats is statistically significantly decreased. PMID- 3225149 TI - School health services: past, present and future. PMID- 3225150 TI - Mandatory training in child abuse. PMID- 3225151 TI - School nurses have multifaceted role. PMID- 3225153 TI - School health our concern. PMID- 3225152 TI - Child abuse in Polk County: investigation results and injury patterns. PMID- 3225154 TI - The business of medicine. PMID- 3225155 TI - Successful marketing focuses on service. PMID- 3225156 TI - Swimming safety. PMID- 3225157 TI - Cell shock. PMID- 3225158 TI - The evaluation of screening tests in a Geriatric Day Hospital Assessment Clinic. PMID- 3225159 TI - A review of the characteristics and treatment progress of 45 pregnant opiate addicts attending the Irish National Drug Advisory and Treatment Centre over a two year period. PMID- 3225160 TI - The effect of amino acid administration on skeletal muscle blood flow. PMID- 3225161 TI - Lupus vulgaris--a report of 3 cases. PMID- 3225162 TI - A case of dark urine, hyperpigmentation and hepatomegaly. PMID- 3225163 TI - The sensorium of the migraineur. AB - The occurrence of perceptual disturbances in migraineurs, particularly during the headache-free interval, has been scrutinized rather rarely. This subject was studied via a mail survey in 134 patients presenting perceptual changes before or during their migraine attacks. The patients had to complete a 5-part questionnaire covering history, events before, during as well as after the attack, and the attack-free interval. Sensory alterations during the headache free interval were not reported by 36.6% of the patients. Alterations of equilibrium and/or spatial orientation, mainly susceptibility to motion sickness, were present in 47.8%, increased sensitivity to cold or heat in 40.3%, intolerance of tight clothes or being touched in 34.3%, altered visual function in 32.8%, changes in olfactory acuity in 31.1%. These percentages show that these 5 types of interictal sensory disturbances may not be rare in migraineurs. The exact frequency of these symptoms and how they correlate with perictal phenomena, sex, age and disease characteristics has to be further studied. PMID- 3225164 TI - Atypical features and prognosis of Wallenberg syndrome: longitudinal study. AB - The lessons of a retrospective study of 24 consecutive cases of Wallenberg syndrome observed during a 6-year span are described: the high frequency of signs and symptoms not considered typical, such as headache, diplopia, supranuclear homolateral facial paresis and homolateral brachiocrural hemiparesis; the unfavorable short term course in a high percentage of cases, and the risk of sudden respiratory arrest. PMID- 3225165 TI - Depression and neuroticism in multiple sclerosis. AB - 88 subjects (36 males and 52 females) affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), were studied with the CES-D and SRT tests for the evaluation of depressive reactions and neuroticism. Comparing the results with those of the control group, we found a significant score for depression and somatization in the MS patients, whereas the scores for anxiety and inadequacy were normal. PMID- 3225166 TI - Steroid-responsive and dependent stiff-man syndrome: a clinical and electrophysiological study of two cases. AB - Two female patients with the typical clinical and electrophysiological features of the stiff-man syndrome, both responded to steroid treatment. ACTH infusion produced an immediate clinical relief of muscle contracture and cramps, with parallel marked reduction of the EMG pattern of continuous spontaneous activity in agonist and antagonist muscles. Apart from this effect, a more delayed response to oral prednisone was observed in both cases and steroid-dependence in one of them, who also exhibited instrumental and laboratory findings suggesting an inflammatory process. These data lead us to consider a possible dysimmune pathogenesis of some cases with the stiff-man syndrome. PMID- 3225167 TI - Neurological features in AIDS patients: studies on cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of HIV infection and the spectrum of neurological manifestations were studied in 15 AIDS patients (13 with and 2 without confirmed neurological disorders). We demonstrated the presence of intrathecally synthesized anti-HIV antibodies. Antibodies to HIV envelope proteins were present in all patients but those to HIV core proteins in 9/13 cases only. HIV antigen and HIV p24 antigen were present in 6/14 and 4/12 cases respectively. HIV was not isolated from 6 samples of CSF. We have demonstrated that CSF markers of HIV infection were present in all AIDS patients, with or without neurological manifestations. Moreover HIV p24 antigen seems to be a very reliable marker of HIV infection. PMID- 3225168 TI - Evaluation of platelet changes in completed ischemic stroke. AB - In a retrospective study we evaluated the platelet count in 45 patients mean age 73 +/- 9 years, with cerebral infarction (C.I.) documented by CT, and 45 age and sex-matched controls randomly selected. In 12 patients changes in platelet count were examined prospectively, starting from the acute event for 30 days. In the retrospective study the mean platelet count in C.I. was significantly lower than that found in controls: 260, 220 +/- 86,076/mm3 and 302, 422 +/- 65,747/mm3 (p less than 0.05) respectively. In the prospective study the mean count was 213,330 +/- 79,930/mm3. A progressive increase up to the 9-12th day was observed, achieving a mean of 305,630 +/- 83,470/mm3 (p less than 0.01), not statistically different from controls. The 40-45% decrease of platelet count shows that about half of the circulating platelets had rapidly disappeared from the systemic circulation, presumably related to an increase in vivo platelet activation and aggregation. PMID- 3225169 TI - Diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy. Correlation between clinical and instrumental findings and assessment of simple diagnostic criteria. AB - In the present study minimal clinical and electrophysiological criteria for the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy (DP) have been tested in 48 unselected subjects attending an outpatient service for diabetics at the University Hospital of Chieti. A standard electrophysiological examination was performed in all patients on the median nerve (sensory and motor), peroneal nerve and sural nerve. Depending on the importance of the laboratory values for each nerve, nerve conduction velocity, distal latency and potential amplitude were given separate scores ranging from 0.5 to 2. A diagnosis of probable DP was made when abnormal findings were present in more than one nerve with a total score of 2.5 or more. As a whole, 28 cases (58%) had abnormal laboratory findings supporting the diagnosis of probable DP. There was a relatively high correlation between probable DP and a positive clinical examination although the validity coefficients of the neurological exam were not high enough to allow its use as a screening test for DP. PMID- 3225170 TI - Parkinsonian syndrome in the course of aqueductal stenosis hydrocephalus. AB - Report of a case of hydrocephalus secondary to stenosis of the aqueduct with associated parkinsonian syndrome. The suggested etiopathogenesis: damage to the striatal system favored by underlying weakness of the basal ganglia. PMID- 3225171 TI - Abdominotransanal approach in the treatment of the low-lying rectal carcinoma. AB - Seven patients with non advanced cancer of the lower third of the rectum underwent sphincter-saving resection through a combined abdominoperineal approach. In this procedure not only coloanal anastomosis, but also bowel transection were performed through the anus. All the patients had cancer located between 3.5-5.5 centimeters from the anal verge. The main advantages of the technique are precise lines of bowel transection with desired distal clearance of tumor, and easier and safer mobilization of the distal end of the rectum during the abdominal phase of the procedure. No mortality was observed; morbidity was comparable to low anterior resection. The mean follow-up is 8 months and all patients are free of recurrence and continent. PMID- 3225172 TI - The management of sigmoid volvulus: report of 39 cases. AB - Thirty-nine cases of sigmoid volvulus treated over an 18-month period in a hospital situated in the central part of Ethiopia, where this pathology is very frequent, are reported. The authors' views on the various types of treatment are discussed in details. PMID- 3225173 TI - Surgical management of ileosigmoid fistulas in Crohn's disease. AB - Radiologic and endoscopic demonstration of ileosigmoid fistulas is difficult: some are discovered only at operation. In these cases the surgeon is faced with the decision of either to remove "en bloc " the involved bowel or to simply close the sigmoid defect. Twelve patients with Crohn's disease complicated by ileosigmoid fistulas were operated: 7 by ileal and/or colonic resection and simple closure of the sigmoid fistula, 4 by double resection and 1 by total colectomy. Stomas were performed in 2. The review of this experience demonstrated that conservative surgery is effective and safe in most cases. Local extended resection should be reserved to cases where secondary involvement of a rather long segment of the intestine is present or where the sigmoid and rectum are primarily involved by active severe Crohn's disease. In these cases, a protective stoma may be considered. PMID- 3225175 TI - Pathophysiology and predictivity of postoperative hypothyroidism. AB - In a series of 107 patients operated on for hyperthyroidism, the incidence of postoperative hypothyroidism has been evaluated, stressing its major causes. These appear related to a decreased function of residual parenchyma, autoimmune diseases, previous irradiation of the neck, preexisting defects of the hormonogenesis. The importance of the thyroid remnant has been enphasized together with the preservation of its blood supply. A higher incidence of hypothyroidism has been observed after more extensive operations, particularly subtotal thyroidectomy, in patients affected by Graves' disease. Finally, the need for short and long term follow-up after surgery is outlined and whether a replacement therapy is required or not. It is concluded that, postoperative hypothyroidism should not be considered a complication but a predictable consequence. PMID- 3225176 TI - Tracheal reconstruction with jejunal loop autograft. AB - An experimental study on tracheal reconstruction using a jejunal loop autograft, is reported. Eight dogs divided into 2 groups have been used. In the first group the jejunal loop was prepared using a single vascular pedicle including both the artery and the vein and was revascularized with the superior thyroid artery and its collateral vein. In the second group the jejunal loop was prepared with two different vascular pedicles, revascularizing the artery with the superior thyroid artery and the vein with the jugular vein. In this group a sylastic T-tube was placed inside the loop. The procedure and preliminary results, are reported. PMID- 3225174 TI - Acute effects of peritoneovenous shunt (Le Veen) on the hemodynamics and gas exchange in patients with hepatic intractable ascites. AB - The acute effects of the peritoneovenous shunt (LeVeen) on hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange in 6 consecutive patients with intractable ascites and cirrhosis were evaluated. After opening the peritoneovenous shunt, there was a marked increase in cardiac index, (from 3.78 +/- 0.4 to 5.86 +/- 0.4 1/min. m2, p less than 0.01), and mean pulmonary artery pressure (from 17.3 +/- 1.9 to 23.3 +/ 1.5 mmHg, p less than 0.05), while a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistances (from 1086 +/- 116 to 694 +/- 52 dynes.sec.cm-5, p less than 0.05) was observed. In all patients there was a drop in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) (from 76 +/- 3 to 67 +/- 3 torr, p less than 0.01) and an increase in venous admixture (Qsp/Qt) from 13.1 +/- 2 to 18.9 +/- 2%, p less than 0.01). The comparable increase in cardiac output and in venous admixture produced by opening the peritoneovenous shunt, might be related to the massive transfusion of ascitic fluid into the intravascular compartment. It is therefore concluded that this impairment of tas exchange further support discarding an appropriate amount of ascitic fluid at the time of shunt insertion. PMID- 3225177 TI - Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage. AB - Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage was rarely diagnosed in the past and therefore thought to be infrequent but after the introduction of CT scanning has been more commonly diagnosed. A series of 28 cases of spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage is analyzed concluding that the radiological and clinical aspects should be considered, instead of adopting the diameter as surgical indicator. An accurate monitoring of the patient's clinical status is very important since its worsening is an absolute indication for surgery independently of the size of hematoma. PMID- 3225178 TI - Patent muscular vessels in atheromatous obstruction of tibial arteries: a support of more peripheral revascularization procedures? AB - A considerable number of patients having aorto-femoral surgery for chronic obliterative atherosclerosis show evidence of obstructed run-off vessels. In this condition poorer long-term results were documented in many series. The present study was aimed at investigating the state of 33 small muscular arteries of 8 limbs amputated for atherosclerotic gangrene. Histological studies showed that 11 muscular arteries were completely free from atheromatous lesions and that another 11 with minor abnormal features could be considered susceptible of revascularization. The conclusive data from this study in a small series suggest that in generalized atherosclerotic obstruction of lower limbs, nearly 70 per cent of the muscular vessels distal to the obstruction are potentially suitable for revascularization. PMID- 3225179 TI - Consumption coagulopathy and low-dose heparin in the surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a study of fifteen cases. AB - Surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is frequently associated with DIC. 15 patients affected by AAA were studied to evaluate the risk of consumption coagulopathy and the efficacy of daily low-dose calcium heparin prophylaxis. The coagulation parameters investigated showed a postoperative decrease of AT III activity levels and platelet count the other laboratory tests did not show any significant modifications. Low dose heparin was effective in preventing coagulation activity or thrombotic episodes. No thromboembolic complications were observed, except nonfatal myocardial infarction. PMID- 3225180 TI - Cardiac valve replacement during pregnancy. Report of two cases. AB - Two successful cases of mitral valve replacement with cardiopulmonary by-pass and myocardial protection are reported. Postoperative anticoagulation was obtained with oral anticoagulants. The patients delivered two healthy newborns. The report suggests that an open-heart operation can be performed in pregnant women with an acceptable risk for the mother and the fetus. PMID- 3225181 TI - Recurrence after resection for Crohn's disease. PMID- 3225182 TI - Functional value of omental autotransplanted splenic tissue in rabbits. AB - Splenectomy leads to an increased susceptibility to infection. We have investigated the uptake and functional value of autotransplanted spleen grafts that were reimplanted into the omentum of rabbits undergoing splenectomy. Nine rabbits underwent splenectomy (Group A), and nine rabbits underwent splenectomy with the resected spleen sliced and reimplanted into the omentum (Group B). Six additional rabbits, the control group, were sham-operated only. The functional value of the reimplanted splenic tissue was determined by a follow-up on serum IgM levels, the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies in peripheral blood smears (every alternate week), and a Technetium phytate scan and histopathological examination of the implanted tissue 20 weeks after the operation. During the study, three animals of Group A and five of Group B died from septic complications. No deaths occurred in the control group. Twenty weeks postoperatively, the reimplanted group had normal IgM levels and positive implanted splenic tissue scans, and lacked Howell-Jolly bodies in the blood. These findings indicate that the splenic autotransplants in the omentum were viable, showed phagocytic activity, and produced immunological proteins. PMID- 3225183 TI - Thrips stings in Israel: a case report. PMID- 3225184 TI - Intravenous prilocaine (citanest) for anesthesia in the lower extremity. PMID- 3225185 TI - Validity of multigated acquisition in evaluation of right-ventricular function? PMID- 3225186 TI - Microbiological findings in leucopenic children in critical condition. PMID- 3225187 TI - Induction of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus in mice. PMID- 3225188 TI - Identification of anti-Sm and anti-RNP autoantibodies by immunoblotting and immunoassay. PMID- 3225189 TI - Anencephalic infants as sources of transplantable organs by the Ethics and Social Impact Committee, Transplant Policy Center, Ann Arbor, MI. PMID- 3225190 TI - The whole truth and nothing but the truth? PMID- 3225192 TI - Cost constraints and emergency treatment. PMID- 3225193 TI - Whose interests, whose burdens? PMID- 3225191 TI - Organs from anencephalic infants: an idea whose time has not yet come. PMID- 3225194 TI - A rogue is a rogue is a rogue. PMID- 3225195 TI - Simultaneous histochemical assay of two dehydrogenases in the same cell. AB - A new approach has been developed for the simultaneous assay of the activities of two enzymes (lactate and succinate dehydrogenases) in the same cell in sections of unfixed liver. The sections, mounted on coverslips, were placed on top of 0.6 mm thick 0.8% low gelling-temperature agarose films containing the substrates of both enzymes (70 mM lactate and 50 mM succinate, respectively) plus 80 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.5), 5 mM EDTA, 10 mM NaN3, 1.5 mM NAD+, 1.2 mM Nitro BT and 0.26 mM phenazine methosulphate. The integrated absorbance (A) at 585 nm of the final reaction product formazans deposited by the two enzymes in a selected hepatocyte was measured continuously at 37 degrees C as a function of incubation time, using a Vickers M85 microdensitometer. The intercept A0 on the A-axis of the linear regression line of A on time was determined. After a known incubation time t, the absorbance A1, was noted and the section placed on another gel film lacking the substrates in order to estimate the final reaction product either formed in the gel film or lost from the cell. The absorbance A2 of the hepatocyte was remeasured. The reaction velocities (activities) vL and vS of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases, respectively, were calculated from the following equations: vL = [(A1-A2) - A0(1- alpha L)]/(1-alpha L)t and vS = (A2-alpha LA1)/(1-alpha L)t where alpha L = A2/A1 for hepatocytes incubated on gel films containing only lactate as the substrate. This parameter was found to be virtually constant (0.44) over a wide range of vL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225196 TI - The cytochemistry of glycoconjugates in the planum nasolabial gland of the goat as studied by electron microscopic methods. AB - In the planum nasolabial glands of the goat, glycoconjugates of glandular and duct cells have been studied by means of a series of electron microscopic cytochemical methods. In the glandular cells glycoconjugates with vicinal diol groupings were present in secretory granules, certain elements of the Golgi complex, lysosome-like dense bodies, the surface coat of the plasma membrane, the majority of intracellular cytomembranes, glycogen particles and the basal lamina. In duct cells, glycoconjugates with the same properties were localized in similar ultrastructures, except for secretory granules, which were not detected in these cells. By lectin cytochemistry, glycoconjugates in glandular cell secretory granules contained a variety of saccharide residues such as alpha-D-mannose, alpha-D-glucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and alpha-L-fucose. The cytochemical properties of the secretory glycoconjugates are discussed in relation to the physiological functions performed by the planum nasolabial glands in the goat. PMID- 3225198 TI - Method of quenching of muscle fibres affects apparent succinate dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 3225197 TI - Quantitative histochemistry of creatine kinase in rat myocardium and skeletal muscle. AB - Creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) activity was demonstrated in rat myocardium using a polyvinyl alcohol-containing incubation medium and auxiliary enzymes. The activity was quantified by microdensitometry using both endpoint measurements and kinetic measurements. Control reactions were performed in the absence of creatine phosphate and ADP. The linear regression lines of the absorbances of reduced Nitro BT at the isobestic wavelength (585 nm) on incubation time were highly significant for both endpoint and kinetic measurements. The activity obtained from endpoint measurements was about 40% lower. This was caused by loss of the formazan reaction product from the tissue sections when the incubation medium was removed at the end of the reaction. The relationship between creatine kinase activity (test minus control reaction) and section thickness was not linear for either myocardium or skeletal muscle; control reactions, however, showed linear relationships with section thickness for both tissues. Limited penetration of auxiliary enzymes into the sections may be responsible for this disporportionality. Therefore, care should be taken in the interpretation of quantitative data obtained with different tissues. In conclusion, multi-step enzyme reactions can be used for quantitative histochemical purposes provided it is taken into account that the reactivity is not proportional to section thickness. PMID- 3225200 TI - Some comments on the mechanism of the periodic acid-Schiff-Alcian blue method. PMID- 3225199 TI - Application of the selective periodate oxidation of sialic acids. III. Identification of neuraminidase-sensitive and neuraminidase-resistant sialic acids and their side chain O-acyl variants. PMID- 3225201 TI - Brain responses to semantic anomaly in natural, continuous speech. AB - In the present study, brain responses were recorded during the presentation of naturally spoken sentences. In two separate experiments, the same set of stimulus sentences was presented with subjects either being asked to pay close attention in order to answer content questions following the run ('memory instruction' - MI) or to press one of two buttons to indicate a normal or unusual ending to a sentence ('response instruction' - RI). Brain event-related potentials were not averaged across the exact same acoustic information but across 49 different words spoken in natural, uninterrupted sentences. There was no attempt to standardize the acoustic features of stimulus words by electronic means. Rather than splicing stimulus words (and trigger pulse needed for computer averaging) onto sentence stems, consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) monosyllablic words were selected with voiceless stop consonants in the word initial position. This not only avoids acoustic overlap with the preceding word of the sentence but also allows the point of stimulus word onset to be precisely located. In the MI group, brain responses to the semantically anomalous endings were distinguished by the presence of a late negative wave (N300) followed by a sustained positive wave (P650). Responses to anomally in the RI group data was not consistently differentiated from normal in the 650-1000 ms range. Within conditions, the MI and RI waveforms were differentiated by the presence of an augmented positive going slow wave in the RI condition which may reflect an augmented CNV release. The feasibility of averaging brain electrical responses across non-isolated words which differed acoustically but were of similar phonemic structure was demonstrated. This paradigm provides a means of studying speech-activated neurolinguistic processes in the stream of speech and may make complex spoken language contexts available for event-related potential investigations of brain and language functions. PMID- 3225202 TI - Detection of cerebral lateralization of function using EEG alpha-contingent visual stimulation II. AB - The replicative reliability of durations of alpha-blocking following visual stimulation over different cortical sites was assessed with the method of alpha contingent stimulation. Fourteen right-handed undergraduates were tested in a randomized factorial design. Words or geometric designs of equal luminance were presented by computer to randomly selected visual half-fields contingent on the occurrence of alpha at one of 4 placements (left and right occipital and left and right temporal). The control (mean/s) of alpha-blocking durations was significantly greater for contralateral visual half-field stimulation compared to ipsilateral visual half-field stimulation. This and other results were interpreted in terms of the concept of replicative reliability of retinal cortical connections to occipital and temporal lobes and affirm the validity and sensitivity of the method. PMID- 3225203 TI - Motor preparation aspects of cardiovascular reactivity to psychological challenge. AB - Neural control of the circulation has evolved in such a way that behavioral responses to psychological stress may be accompanied by a dramatic activation of the cardiovascular system. This study was designed to address the hypothesis that such instances of cardiovascular mobilization reflect a functional motor preparation response. Twenty-four healthy young men participated in reaction time (RT) tasks which involved responding by squeezing a handgrip dynamometer. Motor preparation demands were manipulated by varying the temporal predictability of response requirements as well as the physical effort involved in responding, while controlling for other factors previously established to influence cardiovascular reactivity to psychologically challenging tasks. Physiological response measurements included heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen consumption. Increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure during the RT tasks showed a general pattern which was consistent with the predictions of the motor preparation hypothesis, with the greatest elevations occurring in association with low temporal predictability and high physical effort. The possibility is discussed that factors such as incentives and elements of uncertainty may influence cardiovascular reactivity by accentuating behavioral arousal, of which motor preparation may be an inextricable component. PMID- 3225204 TI - Saccade-related brain potentials during reading correct and incorrect versions of proverbs. AB - Using a reading task, the present study investigated saccade-related brain potentials (SRPs) accompanying the perception of the final words of proverbs, i.e. of sentences where the context allows a strong anticipation of the final word. The sentences were presented one at a time on a TV monitor. The proverbs appeared either in their original form or with their final word changed to be incongruous with the sentence context. SRPs to the two types of final words were recorded from 4 scalp areas. The onset of the saccade leading to the final word was used to trigger the averaging of SRPs. Incongruent and congruent brain responses were also compared by means of difference waveforms. The results showed that a difference between SRPs to congruous vs incongruous final words of proverbs already appeared simultaneously with the SRP component indicating the analysis of the visual pattern of the word. This finding supports an interactive model of word perception. PMID- 3225205 TI - The Bereitschaftspotential in preparation to mental activities. AB - Earlier studies had investigated the Bereitschaftspotential (Bp) under different aspects of muscular activities. The present experiments were designed to test whether the Bp will be affected by the degree of mental load while motor activity is kept constant. Fourteen healthy male subjects had to solve arithmetical tasks under a graduated time pressure (3 categories of tasks). The subjects had to indicate by pressing one of three keys (trigger), which category of task they wanted to solve next. As soon as a key had been pressed, a task appeared on the computer display and disappeared after the time interval corresponding to the selected category. The results had to be entered into a computer via a keyboard. The EEG signals (5 s time constant, 15 Hz upper frequency cut-off) were averaged time-locked to the movement onset, starting 1.5 s before the pressing of the key. Trials with artefacts were rejected from averaging. The Bp was found to be significantly higher when the tasks were to be solved under higher time pressure. We assume that this might be rather an expression of an appropriate self activation for the expected mental task than due to a different motor preparation. PMID- 3225206 TI - Reliability of psychophysiological assessment within temperament-groups. AB - Four groups of 16 people selected for their relatively extreme scores (greater or equal to 1 S.D. from the mean) on both the E and N scales of the Eysenck Personality Inventory visited the laboratory for four separate but identical testing sessions. Three physiological indices were recorded at each session: heart rate (HR), basal skin conductance level (SCL), and the number of spontaneous skin conductance responses (SCR). Test-retest correlation coefficients were calculated within E x N groups across days. HR and SCR showed moderate to good reliabilities across all groups. The most interesting finding was that SCL was a consistently reliable index for extraverts but not for introverts. Correlations between days were statistically significant for extraverts but not for introverts. A speculative explanation for these results is that SCL is affected by cognitive activity rather than autonomic arousal per se. This study suggests that there are systematic effects of temperament on physiological measures that are important and should not be relegated to error variance. PMID- 3225208 TI - Interactive effects of type A personality and psychological and physical stressors on human cardiovascular functions. AB - The first part of this study examined the relationship(s) between Type A behavior scores and heart rate, blood pressure and impedance derived cardiovascular measures in response to discrete stressors during a standardized psychophysiological assessment. Expts. 2A and 2B considered cardiovascular responses to dynamic exercise stress alone and in combination with psychological and cold pressor tests. Gender and stroke volume changes during the psychological stress correlated 0.45 (P less than 0.02) with Type A score. Subscale scores of Job Involvement correlated 0.78 (P less than 0.02) with stroke volume, total systemic resistance and heart rate during the psychological stressor, and systolic blood pressure during the cold pressor task. The combined effects of psychological stress and dynamic exercise on systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly greater than the individual effects of these stressors. The use of impedance cardiography in measuring cardiovascular variables that correlate with Type A behavior, during psychophysiological assessments, may further elucidate our understanding of Type A behavior in addition to providing information about how stress interacts with aerobic exercise. PMID- 3225207 TI - The thematic continuity of mental experiences in REM and NREM sleep. AB - In this study the characteristics of interrelated contents in paired reports of mental sleep experience (MSE) were analyzed to obtain insight as to the functioning of processes by which contents previously stored in memory are retrieved and inserted into MSE in rapid eye movements (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. Ten subjects were awakened 3 times on each of 4 nights after 3 min of NREM sleep (in stage II or III before the first REM), of the first phase of REM sleep, and again of NREM sleep (in stage II or III after the first REM). The contents of all the possible pairings of reports were scored by using Clark's (1970) feature matching model and compared with respect to the factors 'night' (same/different), 'type of report pairs' (1stNREM-REM/REM-2ndNREM/1stNREM-2ndNREM), 'unit interrelated' (lexical/propositional), 'interrelationship' (paradigmatic/syntagmatic). The occurrences of interrelations were greater for same night pairs than for different night pairs, but without significant differences between types of report pairs: these data provide support for the thematic continuity of MSE in both NREM and REM sleep. The units interrelated in pairs of reports were more frequent at a lexical than a propositional level, showing more paradigmatic than syntagmatic interrelationships: these data suggest that the re-elaboration of contents of previous MSEs occurs mainly at a lower level, and that the modality of processing previous contents by insertion into current MSE is similar in NREM and REM sleep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225209 TI - Tracking irregular acoustic patterns by finger tapping. AB - Acoustical sequences were divided by time intervals of various durations, and the performance of finger tappings following the stimuli were recorded. The results proved that it is difficult to synchronize finger tapping with irregular acoustical patterns. The subjects tended to transform the irregular stimulus patterns into more regular response patterns shifted toward interval proportions close to 1:1 or 2:1. PMID- 3225210 TI - A psychophysiological differentiation between hypnotic behaviour and simulation. AB - Psychophysiological differentiation between conditions of hypnosis and simulation were examined with markers evolved from a series of experiments charting neuropsychophysiological accompaniments of hypnotic behaviour. Eighteen subjects participated in two sessions in which bilateral electrodermal activity was monitored to moderate intensity tones. Measurement in Session I, a Baseline Control, of individual variation in rates of habituation of orienting responses, non-specific responses and tonic levels of skin conductance, enabled allocation of matched groups to Session II in which the same auditory stimuli were mixed with a taped hypnotic induction. Half the subjects were instructed to fake hypnosis and the others to comply. In session II the groups were differentiated as follows: (1) rate of habituation to the tones was retarded in the simulation condition and facilitated in the hypnosis condition compared with baseline; (2) the incidence of non-specific electrodermal responses was elevated in simulators after instructions to 'fake hypnosis'; (3) right-hand levels of skin conductance were elevated in simulators; (4) all but one subject in the hypnosis condition admitted to hearing the tones whereas all but one in the simulation condition claimed not to have heard them. PMID- 3225211 TI - Electrodermal asymmetry and vigilance in negative emotion, anxiety and stress. AB - Bilateral electrodermal levels and responses were recorded during an emotional and neutral slide projection in high and low trait anxiety subjects. Half of the subjects of each group received reassuring instructions the other half received stressful instructions. Levels were more symmetrical in anxious subjects but asymmetry was not influenced by instruction type. In contrast, responses were more symmetrical in anxious subjects, were more symmetrical under stressful instructions but were more asymmetrical to the emotional than the neutral slides. PMID- 3225212 TI - Significance and components of the orienting response: effects of signal value versus vigilance. AB - Bernstein et al. (1985) presented the results of an extensive study of the effects of stimulus significance upon electrodermal and heart rate responses. This report examines some of these data from the perspective of preliminary process theory (Barry, 1984b). The categorisation of significance manipulations into prestimulus vigilance and poststimulus signal value outcomes is supported by differential responding in the electrodermal and cardiac measures, as predicted by preliminary process theory. PMID- 3225214 TI - The importance of stretch and contractile activity in the prevention of connective tissue accumulation in muscle. AB - The loss of serial sarcomeres which results when muscles are immobilised in a shortened position is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of collagen and an increased muscle stiffness. In order to determine whether it is lack of stretch or lack of contractile activity which is the main factor involved in these changes experiments were carried out using different combinations of immobilisation and electrical stimulation. It was found that the connective tissue accumulation that occurs in inactive muscles can be prevented either by passive stretch or by active stimulation. It was also shown that in muscle that is working over a reduced range there is, as in muscle immobilised in the shortened position, a reduction in serial sarcomeres. In this case, however, there is no concomitant increase in connective tissue, again indicating that contractile activity is important for the maintenance of normal muscle compliance. PMID- 3225213 TI - Intracellular collagen fibrils: evidence of an intracellular source from experiments with tendon fibroblasts and fibroblastic tumour cells. AB - This study was designed to substantiate one or both of the two hypotheses for the explanation of intracellular collagen fibrils in collagen-producing cells. The more obvious is the phagocytosis of extracellular collagen fibrils by the cell and the other is a form of autophagocytosis of newly synthesised collagenous products. Information was collected on fibroblasts from murine tendons after exercise and simultaneously stimulating collagen synthesis by treatment with an anabolic steroid hormone. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro fibroblastic tumour cells which demonstrate enhanced protein synthesis were also treated with the anabolic steroid. The findings of intracellular collagen fibrils in tendon fibroblasts and the sarcoma cells after experimentally stimulating collagen synthesis are discussed in the light of the hypothesis that the findings may represent steps of autophagocytosis of newly synthesised collagenous products in the absence of a control mechanism to remove collagenous products which cannot be secreted. PMID- 3225215 TI - The growth and development of the soft tissues of the human face. AB - The complexity of shape, soft nature of the facial tissues and the sensitivity of the eyes make their accurate direct measurement difficult. Short base stereophotogrammetry is three dimensional and non-invasive. This technique was used to measure the faces of 52 like-sexed twins between the ages of 9 and 16 years in a mixed longitudinal study. Certain vertical and horizontal parameters defining the eyes, the nose, the mouth and overall facial shape were remeasured and plotted for this study. Relative to the intercanthal line, the alae of nose and angles of mouth are displaced by growth, on or very near to straight lines which were not parallel, indicating a small change of proportion between nose and mouth. Their steepness is a measure of the dominance of vertical over lateral growth. Knowledge of normal growth changes will help to predict soft tissue changes produced by orthodontic or surgical treatment in the faces of children. PMID- 3225216 TI - Role of cartilage canals in osteogenesis and growth of the vertebral centra. AB - Bone formation in the vertebral centra commences within the centrum and is in this respect analogous to the secondary ossification which occurs in the epiphysis of a long bone. Bone tissue first appears at about the 85 mm C.R. stage and not in the 55 mm C.R. length embryo; at the latter stage blood vessels and calcification alone were observed. The connective tissue cells within the cartilage canal appear to assist osteogenesis by providing osteogenic cells which lay down bone in the walls of the cartilage canal, and provide cells which remove calcified cartilage found at the periphery of the canal; they assist growth by producing an appreciable number of chondrocytes that permit lateral expansion of the centra. Osteogenesis appears to occur in multiple foci within the growth plate of the older embryos and could account for the rapid rate of growth of vertebrae. Bone formation occurs in both mineralised and unmineralised matrix (as seen on the walls of the cartilage canals). The blood vessels within the growing vertebra tend to follow the zone of cartilage hypertrophy. PMID- 3225217 TI - Mechanisms of branchial cartilage growth in Astatotilapia elegans (Teleostei: Cichlidae). AB - The growth of the cartilaginous infrapharyngobranchial II (part of the upper pharyngeal jaws) in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia elegans was investigated in four successive early postembryonic stages. Total cell number, individual cell volumes, total cell, total matrix and total cartilage volume were accurately measured or calculated. The share of cell and matrix volume increase in the overall growth was calculated for each of the transitions. Matrix volume increase accounted for almost 60% of the overall rudiment increase. Non-hypertrophic cells and the matrix produced by them together accounted for about three quarters of the total cartilage volume increase. Zones with particular characteristics (cell orientation, cell shape, degenerative features, etc.) were distinguished in each of the four stages separately. The sequence of increasing mean cell volume between zones was interpreted as reflecting growth directions within the cartilage. Apposition probably largely contributed to the observed cell volume increase. Mean cell volume and mean matrix volume per cell showed a highly significant positive relation. Cell density showed a highly significant negative relation to both mean cell volume and mean matrix volume. Our results indicate that the area of hypertrophy and cartilage resorption may be established quite early in the rudiment before overt manifestation of these processes. PMID- 3225219 TI - Limb reduplicating effects of chorio-allantoic membrane and its components. AB - The abilities of the chorion, the allantois, the chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) and the yolk sac of the chick embryo to induce limb reduplications when grafted to the anterior margin of the embryonic chick limb were investigated. One chorion graft out of 27 (3.7%), two yolk sac grafts out of 30 (6.7%), five chorio allantoic membrane grafts out of 35 (14.3%) and 26 allantois grafts out of 82 (31.7%) resulted in the formation of an extra Digit 2 or other digit of more posterior character. Allantois therefore possesses much greater ability to induce reduplications than the other membranes tested, and in view of its ease of isolation, offers a possible route for the further characterisation of this activity. The implications of these findings for theories of limb development are considered. PMID- 3225218 TI - Neuronal relationships between the dorsal periaqueductal nucleus and the inferior colliculus (nucleus commissuralis) in the cat. A Golgi study. AB - Cell types in the dorsal periaqueductal nucleus (PAGd) were studied with the aid of the rapid Golgi method in young cats. The neurons were subdivided into fusiform and stellate types with several varieties of the latter class according to the final destination of their axons. Fusiform neurons send their axons to the neuropil of the Ncom. In turn these neurons receive descending fibres from the nucleus commissuralis (Ncom) which seem to establish axo-dendritic contacts. Also commissural neurons receive contacts from ascending fibres of the PAGd. On the basis of Golgi material it is concluded that particular neuronal types of the PAGd could establish reciprocal connections with neuronal elements of the ventral part of the Ncom. The present study supports the hypothesis that the PAGd could be subdivided into discrete cell groups according to their afferent and efferent projections. PMID- 3225220 TI - Observations on the development of the aortico-pulmonary spiral septum in the mouse. AB - The differentiation of the bulbar region and arterial outflow tract of the developing mouse heart was investigated by analysing serial transverse sections through the heart region of mouse embryos isolated between the eleventh and fifteenth day of gestation. Over this period of time, we observed the configurational and cellular changes occurring within the wall of this region of the heart, being particularly interested in the histological appearance of the cellular constituents of the spiral ridges and their eventual apposition and fusion to form the spiral septum. We observed that the mesenchyme cells of which the ridges are largely composed are initially orientated in the direction of the outflow tract, but subsequently realign themselves when the individual ridges become oblique and spiral in their configuration. The tissue that gives rise to the spiral septum, namely the 'bulbar cushions' proximally, and the 'truncal cushions' in the rest of the outflow tract appear at all stages to be continuous structures. We saw no evidence that they initially develop as separate entities, and subsequently fuse. Furthermore, no evidence of cell death was observed in either the mesenchyme tissue or in the wall of the outflow tract. We have therefore suggested that, contrary to the findings of Pexieder (1978), pre programmed cell death probably plays no significant part in the development of the spiral septum in the mouse, though we cannot exclude the possibility that there may be species differences between the events associated with spiral septum formation in avian and mammalian embryos. We conclude from our histological observations that the changes that occur in the arterial outflow tract in the mouse are probably brought about by the haemodynamic effect of the forces of blood flow impinging on its walls and that this initiates a series of events that are controlled to a considerable degree by pre-programmed genetic instruction. PMID- 3225222 TI - Proceedings of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 6, 7 and 8 January 1988, Leicester. Abstracts. PMID- 3225221 TI - Periosteal structure and development in a rat caudal vertebra. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats from birth to 300 days were used to study the bone/soft tissue interrelationships of the 14th caudal vertebra with particular emphasis on the periosteum throughout growth, development and maturation. The growth of the rats follows a sigmoid curve with three phases, a developmental, a rapid growth and a maturation phase. The width/length ratio of the bone and the thickness of the periosteum are closely concurrent, with a rapid decrease during the developmental phase and a levelling off during the rapid growth phase. SEM studies established that the caudal vertebra has symmetrical lateral sides and a pronounced concavity on the ventral surface where the main vascular plexus is located. Morphological changes in the periosteum cna be described as occurring in three layers and reflect the stages seen in general somatic growth. The inner cambial layer initially contains elongated but functional osteoblasts; these become cuboidal during the rapid growth phase and ultimately are flattened and quiescent. The mid-zone with its vessels, undifferentiated and mononuclear phagocytic cells also attains its maximum development in the rapid growth period and then gradually involutes. The fibrous periosteum consists of a syncytial arrangement of fibroblasts in a collagenous matrix which becomes increasingly dense although reduced in width. Sharpey fibre bundles connect the bone with the fibrous periosteum and these become thicker with age. The mid-zone of the periosteum has not been described previously. Besides having a nutritive role and providing progenitor cells it is thought to act as a buffer modulating the interaction between bone and the covering soft tissues. With age and the deletion of the mid-zone a less sensitive periosteal response to stress can be expected. PMID- 3225223 TI - Changes in blood content and histology during growth of antlers in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and their relationship to plasma testosterone levels. AB - Antlers were removed sequentially from 18 mature red deer stags between 28 and 112 days after casting of the previous hard antlers and the blood volume determined and structure investigated histologically. One antler from each stag was removed during the growth phase, the other at velvet shedding. Antler blood volume increased linearly, with increasing antler weight at a rate of 194 ml/kg between 28 and 91 days after casting but subsequently declined rapidly. A zone of mineralisation occurred between 5 and 10 cm below the antler tip until 91 days but was subsequently markedly reduced in size and replaced by bone. Between 91 and 112 days growth slowed and a rapid increase in formation of compact cortical bone occurred in the periphery of the whole antler. These changes were associated with increasing circulating levels of testosterone. PMID- 3225224 TI - The uterine vascular system of the golden hamster and its changes during the oestrous cycle. AB - The vascular pattern of the hamster uterus and its changes during the oestrous cycle were studied by using the corrosion vascular casting method. The vascular system of the hamster uterus has two main division, the circumferential division and the medial arterial division. The former consists of circumferential and radial vessels and supplies the major part of the uterus. In this system the arteries and veins run parallel to each other throughout the uterus except for the inner circumferential plexus to which veins are predominantly distributed. The latter division has a delicate arterial system which supplies the mesometrial are of the endometrium. It forms a conglomerate structure along the mesometrial surface of the circular muscle layer. The arrangement of the vessels, especially those in the circumferential division, evidently changes during the oestrous cycle. From the evening of dioestrus II to the evening of pro-oestrus most of the circumferential and radial vessels are enormously dilated and subepithelial capillaries make an elaborate network without blind endings. These changes in the vascular structure are associated with those in the external and internal (or luminal) aspects of the uterus: the uterine horns are markedly swollen and the luminal surface becomes much more irregular due to the indentations in the endometrium. No new vascular formation is found in the uterus throughout the four days cycle. PMID- 3225225 TI - The lymphatic drainage of the epididymis and of the ductus deferens of the rat, with reference to the immune response to vasectomy. AB - The lymphatic drainage of the testis, epididymis and ductus deferens was determined in unoperated and in unilaterally vasectomised Albino Swiss rats. In the vasectomised animals, the lymphatic drainage of epididymal and vasal sperm granulomas was also investigated. The normal epididymis, and sperm granulomas which develop in it after vasectomy, drain to the regional testicular lymph node via the inferior epididymal trunk; vasectomy does not interfere with this route. There is a lymphatic watershed within the middle one third of the scrotal ductus deferens; lymph may drain caudally, to enter the inferior epididymal trunk and/or rostrally to the iliac node. Lymphatics draining granulomas at the vasectomy site, may, therefore, be interrupted by vasectomy. This would contribute to, but does not fully explain, the variable immune response of the regional testicular node following vasectomy. PMID- 3225226 TI - A histological study of the gonads of T16H/XSxr hermaphrodite mice. AB - A proportion of mice with the genotype T16H/XSxr develop as hermaphrodites (Ward et al. 1987). In this study, histological sections were prepared of the gonads and reproductive tract from a number of such animals. Examination of the sections showed a wide range of development. The most common types of gonad found were sterile testes resembling those found in XXSxr males and apparently normal ovaries. However, between these two extremes were some gonads which were classified as ovotestes. These ovotestes covered such a range of sexual development that they were for convenience divided into two groups. Type I ovotestes were similar in appearance to the Sxr-type testes with the exception that oocytes surrounded by granulosa-like cells were present in some seminiferous tubules. Also, many tubules had shed their Sertoli cell lining. The structure of Type II ovotestes was even more bizarre; regions of both testicular and ovarian somatic tissue and widespread areas of haemorrhage were seen. In general, the histological structure of the reproductive ducts approached the normal pattern. The epididymal ducts were small and haemorrhage was present in some epididymides associated with the Type II ovotestes. PMID- 3225227 TI - Ultrastructure of the internodal myocardium in the rat. AB - Ultrastructural studies of the rat atrial myocardium reveal that the specialised myocardial cells can be distinguished from the usual atrial myocytes by their lack of specific atrial granules. On the basis of this distinction it has been shown that there is interposition of atrial myocardial tissue in the pathway between the two nodes and that there are no morphologically specialised internodal pathways. The atrial myocardial cells themselves exhibit variations in their content of cytoplasmic organelles such as myofibrils, T-tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum but they all contain membrane-bound specific atrial granules. PMID- 3225228 TI - Response properties of inferior colliculus neurons in young and very old CBA/J mice. AB - Extracellular recordings were obtained from inferior colliculus (IC) neurons on young (2-month) and very old (greater than 2-year) CBA/J mice in response to contralateral tone and noise stimuli. The old mice had a small loss of spiral ganglion cells throughout the cochlea and moderate hearing loss, manifested as an elevation of neuronal thresholds throughout the IC. There was an age-related increase (3% to 22%) in 'sluggish' neurons (auditory, but poorly driven by sound); however, most neurons responded robustly to sound. Nine response types were derived from post-stimulus time histograms (PSTHs); all types were found in both age groups with no difference in their relative incidence. Sustained responses remained vigorous in old neurons, as indicated by spike counts and temporal discharge patterns. The percentage of neurons that were spontaneously active increased with age in the ventral IC (the area most sensitive to high frequencies, including most of the central nucleus) and decreased in the dorsal IC (the area most sensitive to lower frequencies, including much of the dorsal cortex). Parameters of response areas (range, upper frequency cutoff, best frequency, and rate-best frequency) showed modest age differences, while rate level functions showed little age-related change. While a significant correlate of old age was attrition of IC neurons from the population capable of responding robustly to sounds, the majority of individual neurons demonstrated a remarkable degree of normalcy in their responses. PMID- 3225229 TI - Response properties of inferior colliculus neurons in middle-aged C57BL/6J mice with presbycusis. AB - Extracellular recordings were obtained from inferior colliculus (IC) neurons in young (2-month) and middle-aged (7-month; 12- to 13-month) C57BL/6J mice in response to contralateral tone and noise stimuli. An age-related progressive loss of spiral ganglion cells, most pronounced near the cochlear base, was observed in the mice, accompanied by severe high frequency hearing loss manifested as elevation of neuronal thresholds, especially in the ventromedial half of the IC. There was a small age-related increase (2% to 11%) in 'sluggish' neurons (auditory, but poorly driven by sound); however, most neurons were well-driven by suprathreshold stimuli. Nine response types were derived from post-stimulus time histograms; they were found in all age groups with little difference in their relative incidence. The percentage of neurons that were spontaneously active increased with age in the central nucleus but not in other subnuclei. Parameters of response areas (range, upper frequency range, best frequency, and rate-best frequency) showed pronounced age differences in the ventromedial half of the IC and minimal differences in the dorsolateral half of the IC. The percentage of neurons with nonmonotonic rate-level functions decreased with age, especially in the IC dorsal cortex. PMID- 3225230 TI - Effects of electrical stimulation of efferent olivocochlear neurons on cat auditory-nerve fibers. III. Tuning curves and thresholds at CF. AB - In order to study the effects of efferent activity, olivocochlear efferents were stimulated with an electrode in the fourth ventricle at the decussation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle (midline-OCB stimulation) or with an electrode at the brainstem origin of medial efferents (MOC stimulation). Tuning curves, or similar measures of threshold, were obtained from auditory-nerve fibers in the presence or absence of efferent stimulation. Efferent stimulation raised the thresholds of fibers for tones at the characteristic frequency (CF) by an amount which varied with the spontaneous rate (SR) of the auditory-nerve fiber. On the average, high-SR fibers had the smallest threshold shifts, and low-SR fibers had the largest threshold shifts. The distribution of threshold shifts as a function of CF peaked at CFs of 3-8 kHz for high-SR and medium-SR fibers but appeared to peak at higher CFs for low-SR fibers. Within the high-SR or medium-SR groups, the fibers with the lowest thresholds had the largest threshold shifts. Efferent stimulation decreased the Q20 of the tuning curves from most fibers (i.e. it made the tuning curves wider), but increased the Q20 from some fibers with CFs below 2 kHz. For fibers with CFs above 4 kHz, efferent stimulation shifted the tuning curve tails to higher sound levels by about 1 dB on the average. The qualitative patterns of the effects due to midline-OCB stimulation or to MOC stimulation were similar. The distribution of high-SR threshold shifts vs. CF appears to be displaced apically in the cochlea compared to the distribution of MOC endings on outer hair cells. This can be understood in terms of efferent activity depressing basilar membrane motion and affecting regions at, and apical to, the activated efferent synapses. To explain the low-SR threshold shifts, an additional way in which efferent activity inhibits responses appears to be required. The data are consistent with one function of the medial efferents being to raise the thresholds of auditory-nerve fibers and thereby adjust the effective range of the auditory system. PMID- 3225231 TI - Responses from the brainstem at the entrance of the eighth nerve in human to contralateral stimulation. AB - Recordings were made from the exposed eighth nerve (N VIII) and the lateral brainstem near the root entry zone of N VIII to contralateral click stimulation in patients undergoing microvascular decompression operations to relieve hemifacial spasm or trigeminal neuralgia. Similar recordings were made in patients undergoing operations to remove acoustic tumors using a retromastoid approach to the cerebellopontine angle. The waveform of the response that was recorded using a monopolar electrode placed on the intracranial portion of the eighth nerve was similar to the potentials recorded from the lateral surface of the brainstem near the entrance of the eighth nerve, and consisted of a positive deflection with a latency of about 4 ms, and sometimes a second and smaller positive peak with a slightly shorter latency than that of peak V in the BAEP could be seen in such recordings. It was concluded that the potentials are generated in brainstem structures, most likely the cochlear nucleus. It is assumed that when the potentials are recorded from the exposed eighth nerve, the nerve passively conducts the activity from the active structure to the recording site. The latency of the main positive peak in these potentials does not bear any direct relationship to any identifiable component of the farfield evoked potentials when these potentials are recorded from the vertex or the earlobe of the stimulated ear and a noncephalic reference is used. It seems likely that the potential is generated by fibers that originate in cells in the cochlear nucleus on the stimulated side, and that the initial positivity reflects the termination of these fibers in the cochlear nucleus on the side from which the recording is made. PMID- 3225232 TI - An ipsilateral cochlear efferent loop protects the cochlea during intense sound exposure. AB - One suggested physiological function of the efferent nerve fibers innervating the cochlea is that they protect the cochlea against the effects of intense sound exposure. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of intense sound in the presence and in the absence of strychnine which blocks the efferent nerve fibers. The results show that in presence of strychnine an ipsilateral intense sound has a greater effect on the cochlea than in the absence of strychnine. We conclude that the ipsilateral cochlear efferents may act as protectors against intense sound exposure. PMID- 3225234 TI - Incidence and control of subclinical mastitis in intensively managed ewes. AB - Ninety-three intensively managed, mature ewes were followed through three lactations to study effects and interrelationships of postweaning fast, prophylactic antibiotic injection, number of lactations and breed on subclinical mastitis, milk production and milk composition. Animals used in a 2 x 2 factorial design were allotted to treatment combinations of 1) postweaning 72 h fast or no fast, and 2) 1 x 10(6) units of procaine penicillin or sham i.m. injection at weaning. Treatments were implemented at weaning in yr 1; each ewe received the same treatment in each of the subsequent 2 yr of the study. Breeds included Finnish Landrace (F), Dorset (D), Rambouillet (R), Finnish Landrace x Dorset (FD) and Barbados Blackbelly x Dorset (BD). Milk production was greatest for D, followed by BD, FD, R and F during yr 1 (P less than .01) and overall (P less than .05). Milk production data were not collected in yr 2, but similar results were obtained in yr 3, except that the R and F exchanged rank positions. Milk composition was affected by breed. Breeds differed (P less than .05) in percentage lactose, fat and total nonfat solids in yr 1 and differed (P less than .01) in percentage lactose, fat, solids and protein across the 2 yr. A breed difference (P less than .05) was observed for incidence of mastitis at 3 wk postpartum and at weaning. Milk production was negatively correlated with incidence of mastitis (r = -.22, P less than .05). Milk production was improved (P less than .05) by a 72-h postweaning fast.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225233 TI - New observations on the stereocilia of hair cells of the chick cochlea. AB - The final step in the staircase of tall hair cells is longer than lower steps, whereas the final step of the staircase of short hair cells is about the same increment in height as the lower steps. Furthermore the stereocilia in the final step of the staircase in tall hair cells are thinner and contain fewer actin filaments than the stereocilia at this step in short hair cells. Thus, the disproportionate lengths and widths of stereocilia in tall hair cells make them sensitive 'antennae' to mechanical oscillations. In contrast, the stereocilia in short hair cells are more robust and the increment between the tallest rows and the next tallest row is not disproportionately longer than that of the lower rows which would make the whole bundle stiffer and less likely to be displaced mechanically, a morphology more consistent with a separate function. Apart from these differences between tall and short hair cells, there are two features common to all hair cells. First, as one goes directly up the staircase in the 1.0 lattice plane, a plane we refer to as the 1.00 lattice plane, each successive stereocilium is taller than the one lower down. If, instead of going directly up the staircase, one goes up at 60 degrees to the 1.00 lattice plane, successive stereocilia are not necessarily longer than those below. Second, in looking up the staircase on the 1.00 lattice plane we see that the stereocilia are ordered into parallel rows. Adjacent rows are offset from each other by 1/2 the width of a stereocilium. Thus, in order for all the next to tallest stereocilia in adjacent rows in the 1.00 lattice plane to contact a stereocilium on the final step, all of which are the same height, the final step must minimally contain twice as many stereocilia as lower steps in the staircase. This is what is observed. Both of these features are necessary if the number of tip linkages from taller to less tall stereocilia is to be maximized. PMID- 3225235 TI - Effect of sequential implanting with zeranol on steer lifetime performance. AB - Three trials involving 513 exotic crossbred steers were conducted to determine the effect of zeranol implanting in the suckling and growing phases on subsequent feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments were 1) unimplanted control, 0000; 2) implanted twice in the finishing phase, 00II; 3) implanted in the growing phase and twice in the finishing phase, 0III; 4) implanted in the suckling phase and twice in the finishing phase, I0II; 5) implanted in the suckling and growing phases with a single implant in the finishing phase, III0; and 6) implanted in the suckling and growing phases and twice in the finishing phase, IIII. Implanting in the suckling period did not significantly affect preweaning gain. Implanting in the growing period produced a treatment x trial interaction (P less than .05), but zeranol increased gains by an average of 8.4% over the three trials. Growing period gain was not influenced by implanting during suckling. Implanting twice during the finishing period increased gain (P less than .05) over unimplanted and III0 steers. Finishing gain was not influenced by previous suckling and(or) growing implant treatment. Lifetime ADG of steers was increased (P less than .05) by all implant treatments compared with unimplanted controls. Zeranol tended (P = .14) to improve feed conversion in the finishing phase. All implant treatments increased hot carcass weight (P less than .05), and all but III0 reduced fat deposition, as indicated by lower quality grade (P less than .05). Other carcass characteristics were not significantly affected by treatment. These trials demonstrated that implanting in the suckling and(or) growing phases of production did not reduce performance in the finishing phase. PMID- 3225236 TI - Reproductive response of ewes to immunization with Fecundin (ovandrotone). AB - Ewes of five crossbred genotypes (total of 221 ewes) were immunized with a commercial preparation of androstenedione-7HSA in DEAE dextran adjuvant in a 2-yr trial. In yr 1 ewes were allocated within genotype to a 2 x 2 application of immunization and premating flushing. In yr 2 they were allocated within previous Fecundin treatment into either Fecundin-treated or control groups. First-time immunization with Fecundin increased ovulation rate by .70 ova/ewe in yr 1 and by .85 ova/ewe in yr 2 (P less than .05). Ewes treated in both years produced fewer ova than those treated in the 2nd yr only (P less than .05), but they did not differ in litter size. Although Fecundin reduced conception to first mating, the overall conception rate was not affected. Litter size of treated ewes was increased by .19 and .38 lambs/ewe lambing (P less than .05) in yr 1 and yr 2, respectively. Fecundin treatment in yr 1 produced a carry-over effect in yr 2 by increasing litter size by .26 lamb/ewe (P less than .05) while reducing conception to first mating. The litter size of ewes with two ovulations was reduced by Fecundin treatment in yr 1 (P less than .05) but showed no consistent pattern in yr 2. Overall, ewes with two ovulations produced .7 to .8 more lambs than ewes with one ovulation, and ewes with three ovulations produced .4 more lambs than those with two ovulations. Ewes of different genotypes did not differ in their response to Fecundin. PMID- 3225238 TI - Productive longevity of first-cross cows produced in a five-breed diallel: I. Reasons for removal. AB - Data from 498 cows of 15 breed-types produced in a five-breed diallel (reciprocals pooled) including Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Holstein and Jersey were analyzed for differences in productive longevity, mean life span and reasons for removal from the herd over approximately 14 yr. The only culling related to production was of cows that did not give birth to at least one live calf every 24 mo. Otherwise, cows were only removed when they appeared to be incapable of weaning another live calf. The average age at removal, estimated from linear regression, was 3,470 d, with values ranging from 2,174 d (Jersey) to 4,087 d (Angus-Brahman). Longevity of crossbred cows was greater than that of purebred cows (P less than .001). Purebred cows usually had higher initial rates of removal than crossbred cows. Estimates of mean longevity from the nonlinear regression resembled the results of the linear regression analysis; mean life spans ranged from 6.2 yr (Jersey) to 14.6 yr (Angus-Brahman). The major reason for removal of Brahman and Brahman-cross cows was for reproductive reasons. Angus and Angus-cross cows were culled more frequently for structural unsoundness; Hereford cows had a higher incidence of cancer eye, calving difficulty and mammary problems; cows with 100% dairy breeding had exceptionally high susceptibility to diseases and mineral imbalance. PMID- 3225237 TI - Relationships among growth hormone and prolactin secretory parameter estimates in Holstein bulls and their predicted differences for lactational traits. AB - Selection of dairy sires is based on the production records of their female ancestors, half-sibs and daughters. No trait expressed by the sire is used. Concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), hormones produced in both males and females that are fundamental in lactation, may be correlated with production. A study was conducted to determine whether measures of these hormones in the sire would be useful predictors of lactational ability of daughters. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 8 h from 26 Holstein bulls (5.5 yr of age) that had one progeny summary available. Plasma concentrations of GH and PRL were quantified and the mean and baseline concentrations and the frequency and mean amplitude of the secretory peaks were determined for each bull. Concentrations among these values and bulls' predicted differences (PD) were determined. Significant negative correlations were detected for frequency of GH peaks and PD for yield of milk, fat and protein; correlations were positive for PRL baseline concentrations and PD for fat and protein (P less than .10), and correlations were negative for frequency of PRL peaks and PD for milk, fat and protein (P less than .10). Addition of estimates of bull hormone secretory parameters to breeding values based on performance of relatives considerably improved the accuracy (R2) for predicting progeny performance from sire information. Certain characteristics of the patterns of GH and PRL secretion may be heritable and aid in identification of superior dairy animals. PMID- 3225239 TI - Effects of amperozide and azaperone on aggression and productivity of growing finishing pigs. AB - Levels of aggression, activity and performance were determined in 270 pigs (initial wt 29.8 kg) injected with amperozide (1.0 mg/kg i.m.), azaperone (2.2 mg/kg i.m.) or saline (.1 ml/kg i.m.) immediately prior to mixing. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed in pens of 15, and six pens were allotted to each treatment. Each pen was video-taped for 48 h after injection. Aggression was determined by continuous observation and summarized for each 2-h period. Injuries on the ears and shoulders of each pig were scored prior to injection and 1, 2, 3 and 7 d after treatment. Eating, drinking and lying were determined by scan sampling at 2-min intervals and summarized for each 2-h period. Weight gain, feed consumption and efficiency were determined for periods ending on d 3, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84. Both drugs reduced total fighting from 309.8 min for saline to 190.7 and 189.6 min for amperozide- and azaperone-treated pens, respectively (P less than .01). Treatment differences in aggression and lying were evident during the initial 6 h only. Amperozide resulted in fewer fights involving two pigs (197.3/pen) than did azaperone (260.2/pen) or saline (298.3/pen) (P less than .05). Injuries to the ears (P less than .01) and total injuries (P less than .05) were less severe in amperozide-treated pigs than in pigs on the other treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225240 TI - Energetics of sows and gilts in gestation crates in the cold. AB - Seventy pregnant sows and gilts in gestation crates with unbedded concrete-slat floors and partitions in common (which permitted contact by neighbors) in a closed house with air temperature 10 to 12 degrees C during cold weather were studied for 3 wk. The animals' lower critical temperature and thermoregulatory heat and feed requirements were estimated from measured variables, including ME intake, body weight and its change and body surface temperature, and other calculated values and assumptions. Estimates for a 165-kg sow or gilt in such an environment were: lower critical temperature = 15 degrees C; thermoregulatory heat requirement = 126 to 161 kcal/d per 1 C degree of coldness (higher as pregnancy progresses); and thermoregulatory feed requirement = 42 to 54 g/d per 1 C degree of coldness (assuming 3 kcal ME/g of diet). The sow's lower critical temperature was affected by state of pregnancy; in late pregnancy it was 1.6 to 2.6 C degrees lower than in early pregnancy. These estimates of the pregnant sow's thermoregulatory heat and feed requirements at effective environmental temperatures below the lower critical temperature accord well with those published before. But this estimate of the pregnant sow's lower critical temperature is approximately 5 C degrees lower than several made in laboratory settings on animals held individually, with no opportunity to huddle. The fact that every sow and gilt in this experiment could make mechanical contact with at least one neighbor at all times, and sometimes two, might account for much of the difference in lower critical temperature estimates. PMID- 3225241 TI - Histidine requirement of the young pig. AB - A histidine (HIS)-deficient, feather meal-corn-dried whey basal diet (19% protein and 3,200 Kcal ME/kg), supplemented with lysine, methionine and tryptophan, was employed to determine the HIS requirement of the growing pig between 10 and 20 kg live weight. Using a chick bioavailability growth assay, the HIS-deficient basal diet was found to contain .19% bioavailable HIS. A preliminary pig study established that the HIS-deficient basal diet was capable of supporting good growth of pigs when supplemented with sufficient L-HIS.HCl.H2O. In the second pig experiment, crossbred pigs with an average initial weight of 10 kg were kept in individual metabolism crates and were fed to appetite in two feedings the HIS deficient basal diet supplemented with 0, .06, .12 or .18% L-HIS. Rate and efficiency of weight gain increased linearly between 0 and .12% supplemental HIS, but the highest supplemental level of HIS did not improve performance further. Plasma HIS increased, whereas plasma urea-N remained unchanged, as the level of dietary HIS increased. The third pig experiment employed narrower increments of .06, .09 or .12% supplemental HIS, and a linear response in both gain and feed efficiency occurred. Viewing all experiments together, the bioavailable HIS requirement of the 10- to 20-kg pig was .31% of the diet. Assuming an 85% bioavailability of HIS in commercial diets based on corn and soybean meal, the total HIS level needed in practice would be .36%. PMID- 3225242 TI - Ovarian influence on uterine growth in prepubertal gilts. AB - A determination of age of the prepubertal gilt at which ovaries affect uterine growth is necessary before establishing the extent to which length of uterus is influenced by inherent differences, as opposed to those due to ovarian secretions. In Exp. 1 and 2, the effect of presence of ovaries on uterine growth was determined following ovariectomy in 186 crossbred gilts. The uterus was examined 40 or 80 d after ovariectomy for length, weight and diameter. Growth of uterine horns in gilts from 20 to 60 d of age was equal with or without ovaries. Uterine horns in ovariectomized gilts continued to grow slowly from 60 to 140 d of age and then remained static to 180 d of age. Uterine horns in gilts with ovaries increased rapidly in length, weight and diameter, with concomitant increase in ovarian weight between 100 and 180 d of age. In Exp. 3, uterine growth and ovarian compensation after unilateral ovariectomy and hysterectomy at 60 d of age were determined in 85 crossbred gilts from 60 to 180 d of age to evaluate the unilateral ovariohysterectomy model for studying association of uterine length before puberty and subsequent uterine capacity. In response to removal of an ovary and a uterine horn, the remaining ovary compensated, but the remaining uterine horn did not. This study demonstrated that the ovaries did not influence uterine growth until after 60 d of age and that unilateral ovariohysterectomy could be performed as early as 60 d of age without altering consequent normal uterine growth. PMID- 3225243 TI - Effects of glycerol concentration, equilibration time and temperature of glycerol addition on post-thaw viability of boar spermatozoa frozen in straws. AB - Experiments were conducted to study the effect of glycerol concentration, equilibration time and temperature of glycerol addition on post-thaw viability of boar spermatozoa after cryopreservation in straws. Semen (split ejaculate) in maxi-straws (6 mm o.d.) was frozen using a programmable freezing chamber. Three methods for in vitro sperm evaluation were used: motility (MOT), acrosome integrity (NAR) and flow cytometric analysis of sperm treated with carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide to assess sperm plasma membrane integrity (PMI). No interactions were found among the three variables evaluated. Length of prefreeze exposure to glycerol, ranging from .5 min to 75 min, had no effect on post-thaw sperm viability. Exposure of sperm to a glycerol-containing extender medium at 5 degrees C gave improved post-thaw viability over that exposed at 0 degree C (P less than .05). Glycerol at a concentration of 3 or 4% resulted in maximum post-thaw MOT. Acrosome integrity values were greatest for 2 and 3% glycerol, whereas PMI was greatest when glycerol concentration was 4 to 6%. The primary cryoprotective effect of glycerol on boar semen may be extracellular. It is concluded that 3 or 4% glycerol gives maximum viability of frozen-thawed spermatozoa when the present methods are employed. PMID- 3225244 TI - Effect of confinement method on physiology and production of gestating gilts. AB - Four replicates of 12 Dekalb crossbred gilts were blocked by breeding dates and randomly allotted to four treatments: tethers, crates, loose stalls and dirtlot. Ear vein cannulas were established and blood samples obtained from each gilt on d 2, 9 and 65 of treatment Blood cell counts, blood chemistry profile (12 items), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), basal cortisol and cortisol in response to administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (CR-ACTH) were determined. Tethered gilts had depressed CR-ACTH at d 2, probably related to their active struggles against the tethers during the initial period following restraint. Triiodothyronine was greatest in gilts housed loose with access to stalls, probably reflecting the fighting that often occurred among those gilts, and was lowest in gilts on dirtlot on d 2. Glutamic pyruvate transaminase was elevated in gilts on dirtlot at d 9 and 65, probably a result of their increased exercise. Behaviors indicative of "restlessness" were negatively correlated with CR-ACTH at d 9 and 65. Gilts were initially stressed when restrained in tethers, but their CR-ACTH became equivalent to that of gilts in other housing by 9 d. Housing had no effect on production. PMID- 3225245 TI - Prostaglandin E2-9-ketoreductase activity of preovulatory ovine follicles. AB - Enhanced accumulation of follicular PGF2 alpha with respect to PGE2 during the later phase of the preovulatory period is an apparent prerequisite for ovulation in sheep. Prostaglandin (PG) E2-9-ketoreductase is the enzyme that converts PGE2 into PGF2 alpha. Expression of activity of this enzyme by tissue homogenates of preovulatory ovine follicles was assessed. Homogenates were incubated in the presence of tritiated PGE2. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (i.e., product) was separated from PGE2 by Sephadex chromatography and quantitated by liquid scintillation counting. Progesterone in follicular fluid was measured by RIA. Follicular activity of PGE2-9-ketoreductase and content of progesterone increased approximately sixfold as the time of ovulation approached. Formation of PGF2 alpha from PGE2 was not influenced by inhibition of follicular synthesis of prostaglandins by indomethacin, nor did such treatment affect follicular production of progesterone. Inhibition of follicular synthesis of progesterone by isoxazol suppressed enzymatic conversion of PGE2 into PGF2 alpha; this effect was reversed by progesterone. It appears that progesterone plays an intrafollicular role in induction of activity of PGE2-9-ketoreductase in sheep. PMID- 3225246 TI - Effect of morphine on serum gonadotropin concentrations in postpartum beef cows. AB - Morphine (M), an opioid agonist, was administered to postpartum (PP) Angus cows to investigate opioid modulation of gonadotropin secretion. In Exp. 1, eight PP cows (36.9 +/- 2.3 d) received either M (1 mg/kg; n = 4) or saline solution (S) (n = 4) via i.v. injection 36 h after calf removal. Morphine decreased (P less than .01) the number of serum LH pulses (3.0 +/- 1.1 pre- vs .3 +/- .3 post pulses/h) and, compared with pretreatment values (3.3 mg/ml), decreased (P less than .05) mean LH at 105 min (2.1 ng/ml) through 270 min 1.9 ng/ml +/- .4). Serum prolactin (PRL) increased (P less than .01) following M from 16.4 ng/ml to a peak of 59.3 ng/ml (+/- 3.9). Serum FSH concentrations were unaffected. In Exp. 2, M (.31 mg/kg i.v. injection followed by .15 mg/(kg.h) infusion; n = 6) or S (n = 6) treatments were given for 7 h beginning 36 h after calf removal. Serum LH was similar between groups during the pretreatment and the first 6 h of infusion, but M decreased (P less than .001) the number of serum LH pulses (.44 +/- .09 vs .06 +/- .04 pulses/h). Morphine increased (P less than .05) serum PRL. It is concluded that M differentially modulated gonadotropin secretion in the cow such that PRL increased, LH decreased and FSH was unchanged. PMID- 3225247 TI - Influence of methionine derivatives on effluent flow of methionine from continuous culture of ruminal bacteria. AB - Two separate studies were conducted using a continuous culture fermenter system to determine effects of supplementing D,L-methionine and various methionine derivatives on degradation of methionine by ruminal bacteria. A basal diet containing 20% alfalfa hay, 20% corn silage and 60% grain mix (DM basis) was provided at a rate of 75 g DM/d per fermenter and served as an unsupplemented control in both experiments. In Exp. 1, methionine sources included D,L methionine, D,L-methionine hydantoic acid, D,L-methionine hydantoin, N-acetyl-D,L methionine, methylthio-isobutyric acid, methylthio-propionic acid and D,L methionine sulfoxide. These sources were added directly to fermenters twice daily and supplied an equivalent of 98 mg/d D,L-methionine (.13% of diet DM) and 21 mg/d S. Effluent methionine flow from fermenters was higher (P less than .05) with diets supplemented with D,L-methionine hydantoic acid (245 mg/d), D,L methionine hydantoin (245 mg/d) and N-acetyl-D,L-methionine (270 mg/d) than with control (211 mg/d) or D,L-methionine (211 mg/d) treatments, indicating a lower ruminal bacterial degradation of these methionine derivatives. There were no major effects on bacterial fermentation due to methionine supplementation or source. In Exp. 2, methionine sources included D,L-methionine, methionine hydroxy analog and N-hydroxymethyl-D,L-methionine; these were mixed with the basal diet to provide an equivalent of 250 mg/d D,L-methionine (.33% of diet DM). Sodium sulfate was added to the control diet to attain equal S (54 mg/d) levels across treatments. Flow of methionine was not affected (P greater than .05) by methionine supplementation, indicating extensive degradation of all three methionine sources by ruminal bacteria. PMID- 3225248 TI - Selection among nonlinear models for rate of passage studies in ruminants. AB - Eight Toggenburg wether goats were fed either Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) or orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay (57:43%) in a reversal design. Four markers were used to study the movement of different digesta fractions: erbium for large particles greater than 1,700 microns; ytterbium for medium particles less than 1,700 microns and greater than 500 microns; chromium for small particles less than 500 microns and greater than 32 microns; and cobalt to follow liquid passage. Fecal samples were collected every 4 h for 6 d. The excretion curves obtained for every marker in each animal were used for model selection. One-compartment gamma age-dependent models (gamma 2, 3 and 4 age-dependent), two-compartment (gamma 2 and gamma 3 age-dependent, age-independent) models and a biexponential model were fitted to the data. Residual sums of squares and the Davidson and MacKinnon test were used to select the most appropriate models. These procedures indicated that the models best describing the movement of different digesta fractions through the gastrointestinal tract of goats, in this experiment, were the biexponential model for liquids, gamma 2 two-compartment model for small and medium particles and gamma 3 two-compartment model for large particles. To accurately describe the behavior of different components of digesta in the digestive tract, different mathematical models are required. In general, models that describe the movement of large particles have higher orders of age-dependency than models that describe the passage of liquids or small particles. PMID- 3225249 TI - Site and extent of apparent magnesium and calcium absorption in steers fed monensin. AB - Eight crossbred steers (avg wt, 350 kg) with duodenal and ileal cannulas were used in two experimental periods in a single-reversal design to determine the effects of monensin on site and extent of apparent absorption of Mg and Ca. Steers were fed a cottonseed hull:concentrate diet (30:70) with or without 25 mg monensin/kg. The diet contained .20% Mg and .38% Ca. Each diet contained .25% Cr2O3 as a digesta marker. During each period, steers were fed the control diet for 10 d before allotment to treatments. Each period consisted of 17 d for diet adjustment and 6 d for collection. During the collection phase, fecal samples were obtained beginning on d 1 and continuing through d 6 at 12-h intervals progressing 2 h each day. Apparent Mg availability (grams apparently absorbed expressed as a percentage of grams of intake) increased (P less than .05) from 18.4 to 32.5% when monensin was fed. Feeding monensin increased (P less than .05) the apparent Mg availability and amount of Mg absorbed in the preintestinal region (47.7 vs 29.8% and 8.5 vs 5.1 g/d, respectively). Larger quantities (P less than .05) of Mg were secreted into the small intestine when monensin was fed. Monensin did not alter (P less than .05) apparent Ca availability or absorption in any segment of the digestive tract. These data indicate that monensin increased Mg and did not change Ca availability in the preintestinal region. PMID- 3225251 TI - Influence of cornual insemination on conception in dairy cattle. AB - The objective of this study was to compare conception to artificial insemination (AI) services in dairy cattle when semen was deposited into the uterine body or into both uterine horns (cornual insemination). Nine herdsman inseminators (HI) in four commercial dairy herds in Washington constituted the experimental units. Herds ranged in size from 393 cows to 964 cows. The duration of the experiment was 12 mo in three herds and 18 mo in the fourth herd. At the beginning of the experiment all inseminators were trained to deposit semen in the body of the uterus. Inseminators were instructed to use this method for 6 mo. Following employment of body deposition, the same inseminators were retrained to deposit one-half of the semen into the right uterine horn and one-half into the left uterine horn. Cornual inseminations were performed for 6 mo. A total of 4,178 services constituted the data set. Milk samples were collected from cows on the day of insemination and later were assayed for progesterone (P4). There was variation (P less than .01) in conception associated with month of insemination and insemination method (P less than .001). The monthly variation was not associated with season of the year. Least squares means for conception when semen was deposited in the uterine body was 44.7%, compared with 64.6% when cornual insemination was employed. The insemination treatment X inseminator interaction was not significant. Results suggest that cornual insemination provides an alternative to deposition of semen in the uterine body. PMID- 3225250 TI - Ovine uterine morphogenesis: effects of age and progestin administration and withdrawal on neonatal endometrial development and DNA synthesis. AB - To determine effects of age and administration and withdrawal of a synthetic progestin (P) on endometrial development and DNA synthesis, ewe lambs were ovariectomized on d 0 (birth) and assigned to one of four groups (n = three/group) that provided (by means of hemihysterectomy) the following uterine tissue types: 1) d 0 control, 2) d 13 control, 3) d 26 control, 4) d 13 after 13 d exposure to P (13P) and 5) d 26 after P exposure from d 0 to 13 (26P). Uterine tissues were processed for histology or explanted with [methyl-3 H] thymidine for autoradiography. Labeling index (LI) was determined for stroma and epithelium in caruncular and intercaruncular endometrial areas and for lumenal and glandular epithelium in uteri with glands. Endometrial glands were absent on d 0, evident at d 13 and well developed by d 26. Day 0 LI was greater (P less than .05) in caruncular than in intercaruncular areas, and greater in stromal than in epithelial tissues. Relationships were reversed in d 13 endometrium (day X endometrial area, P less than .07). Caruncular stromal LI was greater on d 0 than later (P less than .02), whereas intercaruncular epithelial LI was greater after d 0 (P less than .05), but decreased from d 13 to 26 (P less than .05). Glandular epithelial LI was higher on d 13 than on d 26 (P less than .03). Administration of P inhibited endometrial gland development and suppressed d 13P intercaruncular LI (P less than .05). Withdrawal of P was followed by endometrial gland development and increased (P less than .01) intercaruncular epithelial LI in d 26P uteri. Ovary-independent initiation of endometrial gland development involves age- and region-specific alterations in DNA synthesis and could involve negative control. PMID- 3225252 TI - The right to effective behavioral treatment: an editorial view. PMID- 3225253 TI - Contingency contracting with delinquents: effects of a brief training manual on staff contract negotiation and writing skills. AB - A brief training manual was developed for the purpose of teaching child-care workers to contingency contract with delinquent youths living in residential care facilities. The manual was designed to require minimal supplementary training by a professional. In Experiment 1 a multiple baseline design was used to assess the effect of the manual on 4 child-care workers' contract negotiation and writing behaviors. Experiment 2 consisted of four A-B systematic replications. Behaviors were assessed within the context of analogue training simulations and generalization tests with delinquent youths. Results from the analogue simulations indicated that the manual was successful in increasing both types of behaviors to a level of proficiency that equaled or surpassed that of behaviorally trained graduate students, and results from the generalization tests indicated that the child-care workers were able to apply their newly acquired contracting skills with delinquent youths. Procedural reliability varied across child-care workers, but was usually high. PMID- 3225254 TI - An evaluation of labeling-then-doing with moderately handicapped persons: acquisition and generalization with complex tasks. AB - We conducted two experiments in which moderately mentally retarded persons were trained first to label and then to enter characters into a computer, calculator, or checkbook (label-then-do) within a multiple baseline design. In Experiment 1, 5 young adults were trained to enter statistical programs into computers in an office setting. Following training, all subjects' use of verbal labels and key entry skills generalized across tasks (programs) and settings (offices and computer terminals). In Experiment 2, 3 junior high school students were trained with self-labeling procedures to complete a key-entry task and to balance a checkbook. The performance of all students generalized across tasks and settings, and the use of labels generalized for 2 of the students. Results are discussed relative to mediated generalization and to establishing verbal control over behavior. PMID- 3225255 TI - The right to effective behavioral treatment. AB - We propose that individuals who are recipients or potential recipients of treatment designed to change their behavior have the right to a therapeutic environment, services whose overriding goal is personal welfare, treatment by a competent behavior analyst, programs that teach functional skills, behavioral assessment and ongoing evaluation, and the most effective treatment procedures available. PMID- 3225257 TI - The effects of self-monitoring and supervisor feedback on staff performance in a residential setting. AB - We evaluated the effects of a self-monitoring procedure to increase staff on-task behavior and adherence to scheduled activities. Self-monitoring involved the use of activity cards that staff members completed and carried with them to assist in determining the activities for which they were responsible at any given time. Increases in both on-schedule and on-task behavior resulted. Supervisor feedback was subsequently added because some staff members did not maintain consistently high levels of performance. Generalization data indicated that staff members implemented the procedure during evening hours without specific programming. The advantages and limitations of using a self-monitoring procedure for improving performance of staff members in residential settings are discussed. PMID- 3225256 TI - Training parents to use the natural language paradigm to increase their autistic children's speech. AB - Parents of four nonverbal and four echolalic autistic children were trained to increase their children's speech by using the Natural Language Paradigm (NLP), a loosely structured procedure conducted in a play environment with a variety of toys. Parents were initially trained to use the NLP in a clinic setting, with subsequent parent-child speech sessions occurring at home. The results indicated that following training, parents increased the frequency with which they required their children to speak (i.e., modeled words and phrases, prompted answers to questions). Correspondingly, all children increased the frequency of their verbalizations in three nontraining settings. Thus, the NLP appears to be an efficacious program for parents to learn and use in the home to increase their children's speech. PMID- 3225258 TI - Replacing maladaptive speech with verbal labeling responses: an analysis of generalized responding. AB - We taught three mentally handicapped students to answer questions with verbal labels and evaluated the generalized effects of this training on their maladaptive speech (e.g., echolalia) and correct responding to untrained questions. The students received cues-pause-point training on an initial question set followed by generalization assessments on a different set in another setting. Probes were conducted on novel questions in three other settings to determine the strength and spread of the generalization effect. A multiple baseline across subjects design revealed that maladaptive speech was replaced with correct labels (answers) to questions in the training and all generalization settings. These results replicate and extend previous research that suggested that cues-pause point procedures may be useful in replacing maladaptive speech patterns by teaching students to use their verbal labeling repertoires. PMID- 3225261 TI - Managing the copyright confusion, one solution. PMID- 3225260 TI - Photomicrographic mapping. PMID- 3225259 TI - The role of referential speech in sign learning by mentally retarded children: a comparison of total communication and sign-alone training. AB - We conducted two experiments to assess the role of referential speech during sign training in which the spoken words corresponding to signs were receptively known to the participants. An alternating treatments design was used to compare sign acquisition across two teaching conditions in which referents were presented either with or without the corresponding verbal label. During the first experiment, signs were taught concurrently; during the second experiment, signs within each of the respective conditions were taught in a serial fashion. In both experiments, signs taught by total communication were acquired faster than those taught by sign-alone training. PMID- 3225264 TI - Check your references or rediscovering the wheel. PMID- 3225263 TI - A medical photographer's role on a perinatal bereavement team. PMID- 3225262 TI - Black and white photography of preserved fish specimens. PMID- 3225265 TI - On the biomechanics of human hip complex in vivo--I. Kinematics for determination of the maximal voluntary hip complex sinus. AB - In recent years, multisegmented mathematical models of the total human body have gained increasing attention in view of the high cost of experiments with human cadavers and/or anthropometric dummies. While these models can simulate very complicated load-motion situations, their effectiveness depends heavily on the proper biomechanical description and modeling of the major articulating joints of the human body. In a research effort to obtain the in vivo biomechanical joint property data suitable for incorporation into these models, the senior author and his associates recently developed a new kinematic and force data collection methodology by means of sonic emitters. By applying and extending this data collection methodology, this paper in Part I presents kinematics for determination of the maximal voluntary hip complex sinus. An overdeterminate number of sonic emitters is utilized and the 'most accurate' three-dimensional kinematic data set is selected by first establishing a selection criterion. Quantitative results obtained from three male subjects are presented in a functional expansion form relative to a locally-defined joint axis system as well as in the form of globographic representation relative to the torso-fixed axis system. PMID- 3225266 TI - On the biomechanics of human hip complex in vivo--II. Passive resistive properties beyond the hip complex sinus. AB - In multisegmented mathematical models of the total human body, the resistive force properties of the major articulating joints play a direct and significant role in determining the relative motion between two body segments and in the understanding of injury mechanisms. This paper presents three-dimensional passive resistive properties beyond the maximal voluntary hip complex sinus by applying the kinematic data collection methodology developed in Part I together with a recently developed force data collection technique with sonic emitters (previously reported elsewhere by the senior author and his associates). The same three male subjects as in Part I of this paper were tested. Quantitative results were displayed by establishing the constant resistive force (moment) contours on a modified local joint axis system. PMID- 3225267 TI - Analysis of flow and vascular resistance in a model of the circle of Willis. AB - A very simple model of the flow in the circle of Willis is described in this paper. Disregarding pulsatility and vessel wall elasticity, fluxes in all segments of the circle of Willis and its afferent and efferent vessels are calculated by applying the Poiseuille-Hagen formula. Comparison with the fluxes calculated numerically from a more sophisticated mathematical model, including pulsatility, vessel wall elasticity and nonlinear effects, revealed only very slight differences. In short, fluxes in the afferent vessels and the segments of the circle of Willis are influenced by any change of resistance within the network, whereas the fluxes in the efferent segments are dominated by the efferent resistance distribution. However, a great advantage of the present simple model is that it offers the possibility of an analytical approach which yields both an easy sensitivity analysis of parameters and an insight into the mechanisms that govern the flow in a network like the circle of Willis. It can be concluded that these mechanisms are similar to the principles of the Wheatstone bridge, known from electrical circuit theory. PMID- 3225268 TI - A simulation of rat edl force output based on intrinsic muscle properties. AB - Force-velocity and force-length relations were obtained for the edl of four Wistar rats in order to characterise the contractile properties (CE) of these muscle-tendon complexes. Compliances of the undamped part of the series components (SE) were measured in quick length decreases. Force-extension relations of SEs were obtained by integration of compliance to force. A muscle model consisting of CE, SE and a visco-elastic element was used to simulate the force output of the muscle tendon complex in response to a changing muscle length lOI as input. This simulated force was compared with the experimental force of the same muscle measured in response to the same lOI as input. Tetanic contractions were used in all experiments. The results show that this muscle model can predict the experimental force within a mean maximal error not larger than approximately 14% of the force amplitude. However the comparison of simulated force with experimental force and a few additional experiments show that the muscles do not have a unique instantaneous force-velocity characteristic. As shown by several other studies, force seems to be influenced by many other variables (time, history etc.) than CE length and velocity. PMID- 3225269 TI - Influence of physical activity on the regulation of bone density. AB - Using a mathematical model which relates bone density to daily stress histories, the influence of physical activities on the apparent density of the calcaneal cancellous bone was investigated. Assuming that the mechanical bone maintenance stimulus is constant for all bone tissue, bone apparent density was calculated by a linear superposition of the mechanical stimulus provided by different daily physical activities. An empirical weighting factor, m, accounted for possible differences in the relative importance of load magnitude and number of cycles in each activity. By considering hypothetical variations in body weight and occupational activity levels, the range of probable m values was established. The model was then applied to the results of two previous running studies in which calcaneal density was measured to obtain an estimate of the stress exponent parameter, m. The results indicate that stress magnitudes (or joint forces) have a greater influence on bone mass than the number of loading cycles. We demonstrate that by carefully considering the magnitudes of imposed skeletal forces and the number of loading cycles, it may be possible to design exercise programs to achieve predictable changes in bone mass. PMID- 3225273 TI - Comment on 'Biomechanical Model of the Human Shoulder--I. Elements'. PMID- 3225272 TI - Comments on 'A Dynamic Optimization Technique for Predicting Muscle Forces in the Swing Phase of Gait' by D.T. Davy and M.L. Audu, and general trends in contemporary muscle modelling. PMID- 3225270 TI - Bivariate optimization of pedalling rate and crank arm length in cycling. AB - The contribution of this paper is a bivariate optimization of cycling performance. Relying on a biomechanical model of the lower limb, a cost function derived from the joint moments developed during cycling is computed. At constant average power, both pedalling rate (i.e. rpm) and crank arm length are systematically varied to explore the relation between these variables and the cost function. A crank arm length of 170 mm and pedalling rate of 100 rpm correspond closely to the cost function minimum. In cycling situations where the rpm deviates from 100 rpm, however, crank arms of length other than 170 mm yield minimum cost function values. In addition, the sensitivity of optimization results to both increased power and anthropometric parameter variations is examined. At increased power, the cost function minimum is more strongly related to the pedalling rate, with higher pedalling rates corresponding to the minimum. Anthropometric parameter variations influence the results significantly. In general it is found that the cost function minimum for tall people occurs at longer crank arm lengths and lower pedalling rates than the length and rate for short people. PMID- 3225271 TI - Abstracts of the twelfth annual meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics. Urbana, Illinois, 28-30 September, 1988. PMID- 3225275 TI - [Our experience with surgery of esophageal stenosis caused by caustic soda. Apropos of 128 cases]. AB - The authors report a series of 128 cases of esophageal burns due to caustic soda, treated between 1974 and 1987 in the Dept. of Surgery of the Friguia Kimbo Alumina Factory Hospital. 95% of patients were children aged less than 15. Ingestion was generally accidental. In view of the delay before patients were seen, in addition to parenteral alimentation, nutrition was covered by an alimentation gastrostomy performed in 96% of patients immediately following admission. Dilator treatment was used in 37 patients with 29 good result, 6 failures, and 2 perforations with 1 death. Retrosternal esophagoplasty using the transverse colon was performed in 95 cases with a 96.8% cure rate over a total follow-up period of 1 to 10 years, and 3 deaths. Overall mortality taking all categories together was 5.4%. The authors used these results as a basis for reviewing this condition, attempting to define as a basis for reviewing this condition, attempting to define the therapeutic methods successively used in the Guinea medico-social context. PMID- 3225276 TI - [Benign tumors of the duodenum. Apropos of 2 cases: a schwannoma and a leiomyoma]. AB - Two cases of schwannoma and leiomyoma of duodenum are reported. The semiology of the benign duodenal tumors are analysed. The treatment, in all cases surgical, depends on the site of the tumor. PMID- 3225274 TI - [Implantable direct intravenous access: technic, complications, outcome. Apropos of 237 cases]. AB - From june 1983 to december 1987, 441 direct accesses were implanted, 237 intravenous, 51 intraperitoneal and 153 intra-arterial. The surgical procedure, the indications, the post-operatory and later complications and the issue of the direct intravenous accesses implanted by the same surgical team are presented. 237 direct access implants were placed intravenously in 228 patients. There are many indications for implanting direct access: absence of a superficial venous network, continuous chemotherapy, preservation of the superficial venous network, thrombosis of the hepatic artery after, inoperable hepatic metastasis (jaundice). Direct venous access was implanted for many pathologies essentially for breast cancer (120 cases), large bowel cancer (36 cases). Surgical procedure for direct intravenous access is easy with catheter's control with fluoroscopy monitoring. Only rarely did any later complication occur when using the direct intravenous access (12 cases) representing 5% of all complications. Certain precautions should be taken to reduce the number of complications. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy, surgical procedure for implanting the direct access excision of excess fatty subcutaneous tissue, minutious skin disinfection, heparinization, avoid using the chamber for blood sampling, use intra-arterial direct access. Direct access is used either for sequential chemotherapy or for continuous protocols which vary in length. PMID- 3225277 TI - [Extensive rectosigmoid stenosis caused by caustic enema. Apropos of a case in an African woman]. AB - The rectal administration of irritant substances can induce lesions which do not regress after removal of the cause. More or less severe and more or less extensive stenoses have been reported in the literature. The authors report a case of very extensive and very tight rectosigmoid stenosis developing after potassium enema administered to a chronically constipated 26 year old African woman with limited rectal stenosis of unknown origin. Rectosigmoid and left colonic resection with trans-anal recto-colonic anastomosis gave this patient normal intestinal transit and good faecal comfort. PMID- 3225278 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of an adenoma of the liver during pregnancy]. AB - Must often reporting to an hepatic subcapsular hemorrhage with pre or true eclampsia, Spontaneous rupture of adenoma of the liver during pregnancy is unusual entity. Very exceptionally cases of rupture of anatomic hepatic lesion underlying had been reported. About a new case, diagnosis, physiopathologic and management problems are approached. PMID- 3225279 TI - [A Technic of re-using a thrombosed hepatic artery in hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy]. AB - Nowadays the palliative treatment of hepatic metastasis very often uses the hepatic arterial chemotherapy in subcutaneous injection cavity. Unfortunately in about ten per cent of the cases, the thrombosis of hepatic artery limits the lasting quality of use of the catheters which last about twelve months (more or less four). As mentioned in our observation, if the patient "answers" the chemotherapy, we propose reusing this thrombosized artery by means of an original technical artifice. In this observation, in fact, we grafted a small segment of submesenteric vein on the hepatic disobstructed artery. We think that this artifice could also be used in case of anatomic variations of the hepatic artery like trifurcation. PMID- 3225282 TI - [Hamartomas of the hepatic pedicle in the adult]. PMID- 3225281 TI - [Anaplastic adenocarcinoma developing on pancreatic heterotopy]. PMID- 3225280 TI - [Vasectomy: criteria of choice or protocol?]. AB - The authors describe the experience of a medical staff specialized in welcoming, advising and realizing vasectomies on patients, and this according to a particular method in which traditional preliminary criteria of age, fatherhood and autoconservation are substituted by a continuous effort to listen and advise patients over a long period of time. 1385 cases have been selected over a period of one to ten years. The socio-demographic analysis defines an "ideal-type candidate": he is a middle or upper white collar; aged 37; married; he has fathered more children than the average and at a younger age than the average; and he has used up every well-tried means of contraception. The only technical variation observed was the length of the resected canal. The more widely defined failure rate can be evaluated at 2.3% of the 1426 cases. This failure rate appears to be linked with the size of the resection, too small (less than 5 mm) during two years. This caused the repermeabilization through granulomas, histologically authentified, of half of the observed cases that failed over a period of twelve years. The psychosexual consequences, analyzed through questionnaires, are judged satisfactory and confirm the possibility for the authors to accept vasectomy demands in a humanistic perspective, conciliating individual autonomy and safety in selecting candidates. PMID- 3225284 TI - Tyrosylation and purification of peptides for radioiodination. AB - A simple method for tyrosylation, purification and subsequent radioiodination of peptides which lack suitable acceptor groups for iodine substitution is presented. The reagent, tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-L-tyrosine N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, was used for conjugation to the amino groups of peptides. The derivatization was performed with relatively large amounts of reagents to ensure quantitative reactions. The derivatized peptides were purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography or by gel filtration. Subsequent radioiodination was performed with sodium [125I]iodide and the sparingly soluble tetrachlorodiphenylglycouril as the oxidative agent to minimize possible oxidative damage to the peptides. The radiolabelled peptides were subsequently purified by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3225285 TI - Narrow-bore high-performance liquid chromatography of phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids and carboxypeptidase P digestion for protein C-terminal sequence analysis. AB - Carboxypeptidase P digestion followed by narrow-bore high-performance liquid chromatography of phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids is employed for polypeptide C terminal end group and sequence determination. Carboxypeptidase P digestion of polypeptides provides specific cleavage of protein C-terminal amino acids. The digestion offers the advantage that it can be carried out in either 10 mM sodium acetate or water at pH 4.0 in the presence of an enzyme activator, Brij-35. The narrow-bore high-performance liquid chromatography of all 20 phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids has provided quantitative analysis at low picomole levels. This efficient and sensitive procedure is particularly useful for examining in vivo excision of protein C-termini and for verifying the integrity of various protein products produced by recombinant DNA techniques. PMID- 3225283 TI - [Suppuration after obstruction of Wirsung's duct with a solution of prolaminecid (Ethibloc)]. PMID- 3225286 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of penicillins by postcolumn degradation with sodium hypochlorite using an hollow-fibre membrane reactor. AB - A sensitive, high-performance liquid chromatographic method involving postcolumn degradation with sodium hypochlorite and using a hollow-fibre membrane as a reactor is described for the determination of penicillins. Penicillins were separated on a C18 column followed by postcolumn reaction with sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide using aminated and sulphonated hollow-fibre membrane reactors immersed in each solution, and detected at 270-280 nm based on the UV absorbances of the degradation products. At penicillin concentrations of 2 micrograms/ml, the precisions (relative standard deviation) were 2.28-4.78%. The detection limits of the proposed method were 2.5-25 ng for each penicillin at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Ampicillin and its metabolites [(5R,6R)-ampicilloic acid, the (5S,6R)-epimer and (2R)-pierazine-2',5'-dione] in human serum and urine were simultaneously determined by this method. PMID- 3225287 TI - Trace determination of sulfide by reversed-phase ion-interaction chromatography using pre-column derivatization. PMID- 3225289 TI - Liquid chromatographic method for the determination of cyanazine in the presence of some normal soil constituents. PMID- 3225288 TI - Determination of diphenylamine residues in apples, and 4-aminobiphenyl residues in diphenylamine, by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. PMID- 3225290 TI - Rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of ethanol and fusel oil in the alcoholic beverage industry. PMID- 3225291 TI - Statistical optimization of a reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of tolmetin sodium in dosage forms. AB - A quantitative liquid chromatographic method in which tolmetin sodium is separated from an internal standard on a C18 column with detection at 317 nm has been developed with the aid of two statistical optimization procedures. The effects of simultaneously varying the pH, methanol-water ratio, and the concentrations of buffer and ion-pair reagent in the mobile phase were studied. A two-level factorial design was used to investigate the interactions among the variables, and the sequential simplex procedure was used to optimize the separation. A novel quality criterion was developed for the simplex optimization. Using synthetic mixtures, the mean recovery value +/- S.D. (n = 6) of tolmetin sodium was 98.7 +/- 0.19% for tablets and 98.5 +/- 0.12% for capsules. The assay results for commercial tablets and capsules were comparable to those obtained by the USP XXI procedure. PMID- 3225292 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic enantiomeric resolution via ligand exchange. AB - A thin-layer chromatographic technique for the separation of proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids, dipeptides and alpha-hydroxy acids is described. Other examples are given from the field of alpha-methyl, N-alkyl and halogenated amino acids. The separation of the enantiomers is achieved, without derivatization, by means of ligand exchange on a reversed-phase silica gel as stationary phase, which is covered with a chiral selector (proline derivative). The resolution is so good that the respective enantiomers can be determined at trace levels (greater than or equal to 0.25%). The proposed method is simple, inexpensive and needs no sophisticated instruments. PMID- 3225294 TI - Normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of triacylglycerols. AB - Triacylglycerols have been separated by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on silica utilising a solvent system consisting of dry acetonitrile-half water saturated hexane (0.7:99.3). This solvent system is UV transparent allowing detection at 200 nm and affords a separation in which retention is primarily dependent on the number of constituent double bonds. There is also a slight separation on chainlength, the longer chainlengths being eluted first. The system is therefore complementary to currently used reversed-phase HPLC systems. Chromatograms for some polyunsaturated fats and oils are given, and the most polyunsaturated triacylglycerols from linseed oil are analysed in more detail. Data are given for the separation and quantitation of the pentafluorobenzyl esters of constituent fatty acids from these triacylglycerols by a similar normal-phase HPLC system. PMID- 3225293 TI - Chromatographic and cytogenetic analysis of in vivo metabolites of fluoranthene. AB - Fluoranthene metabolites in rat serum were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV and fluorescence detection and compared with in vitro metabolites obtained by incubation with microsomal fraction of rat hepatocytes. In order to resolve very polar fluorescent compounds present in rat serum, a modification of HPLC existing methods for in vitro metabolites separation was necessary. Mutagenic 2,3-dihydrodiol was identified in both in vitro sample and rat serum: this result is in good accord with cytogenetic analysis on rats bone marrow cells, that shows a slight but significant increase of sister chromatide exchanges. PMID- 3225295 TI - Chick 28,000 Mr vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in intestine, kidney and cerebellum. Purification using chromatofocusing. AB - A purification method has been developed for chick 28,000 Mr vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, involving Blue Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography, heat treatment and chromatofocusing with a microparticulate anion exchanger (Mono P). It allowed the rapid and reproducible purification of milligram amounts of homogeneous calcium-binding protein with good yields from chick intestine, kidney and cerebellum. The calcium-binding proteins thus obtained have the same molecular weight of 28,000, heat stability, calcium binding capability and apparent isoelectric point of 4.0. These physico-chemical properties are in good agreement with those of proteins isolated by a previous procedure, which gave a low and variable yield of calcium-binding protein. PMID- 3225296 TI - Micro high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cardiac glycosides in beta-methyldigoxin and digoxin tablets. AB - A micro high-performance liquid chromatographic (micro-HPLC) method has been developed for the assay of beta-methyldigoxin and digoxin tablets. Quantitation of cardiac glycosides in tablets was carried out by the incorporation of dexamethasone as an internal standard. The procedure consisted of disintegration of tablets, extraction with acetone-ethanol (9:1) and injection for micro-HPLC on an ODS micro column, using acetonitrile-water (28:72) for beta-methyldigoxin tablets and methanol-water (1:1) for digoxin tablets; the effluent was monitored by UV detection at 220 nm. The average values of the contents in beta methyldigoxin and digoxin tablets were 99.6 and 100.2% of the labelled amounts, respectively. The proposed method is sufficiently precise and sensitive to examine the content uniformity of tablets. PMID- 3225297 TI - Fluorimetric determination of aflatoxins in foodstuffs by high-performance liquid chromatography with flow injection analysis. PMID- 3225298 TI - Separation of proteins by microcolumn liquid chromatography based on the reversed phase and size-exclusion principles. AB - Slurry-packed fused-silica microcolumns of 250 micron I.D., are characterized for use in high-performance liquid chromatographic studies of proteins. The present work utilizes the reversed-phase and size-exclusion chromatographic modes for the separation of standard protein mixtures. A 5-micron, 300-A octyl material is utilized for the reversed-phase studies, and the size-exclusion studies are accomplished with 5-micron diol material of 60-, 100- and 300-A pore sizes. Column efficiency and packing reproducibility, as well as sample capacity in a micropreparative mode, are discussed. In addition, the inherent mass sensitivity of a microcolumn liquid chromatography system as applied to protein detection is demonstrated. PMID- 3225300 TI - Effect of the content of divinylbenzene in ion-exchange resins on the chromatographic separation of alpha-cyclodextrin and glucose. AB - In the chromatographic separation of alpha-cyclodextrin and glucose, the parameters relating to the adsorption equilibria and rate processes of the solutes were evaluated for the sodium forms of cation-exchange resins with contents of divinylbenzene (DVB) of 2, 4, 6 and 8%. By using these parameters, the chromatograms of the solutes were then calculated. It is concluded that the resin with 6% DVB is most suitable for the chromatographic separation of the solutes on a preparative scale. PMID- 3225299 TI - Optical errors in a liquid chromatography absorbance cell. AB - The shadowgraph method is used to visualize mobile phase flow through a liquid chromatography absorbance cell with "Z" flow geometry. It is shown that mixing is incomplete in the cell. Composition gradients persist throughout the elution of any sample. The gradients systematically change as the sample flows through the cell. Additionally, window wedge angles are measured in several cells. The implications for low noise absorbance detectors are discussed. PMID- 3225301 TI - Method for evaluating the bioconversion of radioactive polyunsaturated fatty acids by use of reversed-phase liquid chromatography. AB - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a thermostatted octadecylsilyl column was used to separate mixtures of labelled polyunsaturated fatty acids (as their methyl esters) formed by successive desaturations and elongations of labelled linoleic (18:2 n - 6) or linolenic (18:3 n - 3) acid by rat liver microsomes. Acetonitrile-water mixtures were used for elution of the esters. Unsaturated and saturated esters were detected by their refractive indices. The order of elution of fatty acid methyl esters in complex mixtures varies as a function of the chain length and unsaturation, analysis temperature, water concentration and solvent flow-rate. The peak areas vary as a function of the unsaturation. Specific radioactivities of 14C-labelled fatty acids and the percentage distribution of radioactivity among fatty acids from complex mixtures can be efficiently determined by collection and direct measurement of the radioactivity in the solvent by liquid scintillation counting. The method can be applied to complete compositional analysis, but is especially useful for determination of specific radioactivities during studies on the metabolic conversion of labelled polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 3225302 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of molluscicidal saponins from Phytolacca dodecandra (Phytolaccaceae). AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of oleanane saponins in Phytolacca dodecandra (Phytolaccaceae), a plant with potent molluscicidal properties. The molluscicidal monodesmosidic saponins of the berries were determined at 254 nm as their 4-bromophenacyl derivatives, whereas the non-derivatized bidesmosidic saponins, lacking a free carboxyl group, were determined at 206 nm. A comparison of different extraction procedures showed that with cold water predominantly monodesmosidic saponins were obtained, whereas hot water gave mainly bidesmosidic (non-molluscicidal) saponins. PMID- 3225303 TI - Identification of xanthene dyes in lipsticks by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3225304 TI - A collaborative study: high-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of carbadox and pyrantel tartrate in animal feeds. AB - Carbadox (CBX), an antibacterial agent, and pyrantel tartrate (PT), an anthelmintic, are formulated either separately or together in swine feeds. The official Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) spectrophotometric methods for both drugs are long, nonspecific, and require standard addition techniques. Results by this technique are positively biased. A simple, direct, specific, high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method to determine either one or both drugs simultaneously with apparent accuracy and precision is developed. Drugs are released from feed matrices by water, extracted with dimethylformamide (DMF), cleaned up on alumina, and quantitated by direct comparison to standards using a Whatman Partisil 10 ODS-3 column and a mobile solvent containing 23.5 +/- 1.5% DMF in phosphate buffer (pH 2.0). Fourteen laboratories participated in a collaborative study of this method for determination of CBX and PT in animal feeds. PMID- 3225305 TI - Determination of isosorbide dinitrate in pharmaceutical products by HPLC. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for isosorbide dinitrate in pharmaceutical formulations is described. The method employs a reversed-phase C18 column with a mobile phase containing methanol/water/acetate buffer and is specific for isosorbide dinitrate with respect to its 2- and 5-mononitrate degradation products and other organic polynitrate esters. The method is applicable to the analysis of the diluted bulk drug and dosage forms, including sublingual, oral, chewable, and timed-release preparations. PMID- 3225306 TI - Analyses of two azo dyes by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Two structurally similar azo dyes, Direct Blue No. 6 and Direct Blue No. 15, are analyzed by separate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) systems utilizing a dual-wavelength UV/visible detector at 254 and 546 nm. Each dye contains more than 35 impurity peaks. Different lots of each dye are compared by means of their respective chromatographic profiles. The system used to obtain a chromatographic profile for each dye is adapted to make comparisons of the major component in different lots by an internal standard method. These methods are reproducible, giving relative standard deviations ranging from approximately 1 to 5%. These HPLC systems are adaptable for the analysis of other structurally similar dyes. PMID- 3225307 TI - C18 solid-phase isolation and high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet diode array determination of fully methoxylated flavones in citrus juices. AB - A new analytical methodology for the determination of fully methoxylated flavones (FMFs) in citrus juices is described. Isolation of the FMFs is carried out by percolation of 30 mL of clarified citrus juice (to which tetramethyl-o-kaempferol is previously added as internal standard) through a C18 Sep-Pak cartridge, washing with 3 mL of water followed by 5 mL of water/acetonitrile (3:1), and selective elution of the retained FMFs with 5 mL of water/acetonitrile (9:11). Determination of the isolated FMFs is carried out by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV diode array detection (DAD). Signals at wavelengths 320, 335, and 345 nm (bandwidth 4 nm) are simultaneously acquired, stored, plotted, and integrated. The column used is a microbore (200 x 2.1-mm) Hypersil ODS 5 microns. Elution is in gradient mode, using a ternary mobile phase (water/acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran). Column temperature is 40 degrees C. Recovery yields are nearly 100% for all the FMFs detected and identified: isosinensetin, hexamethyl-o-gossypetin, sinensetin, tetramethyl-o isoscutellarein, hexamethyl-o-quercetagetin, nobiletin, tetramethyl-o scutellarein, heptamethoxyflavone, and tangeretin. Chromatographic separation of the FMFs is extremely dependent upon the minor changes of the mobile phase composition and percentages, gradient rate, and temperature. The UV spectra (230 to 400 nm) of the FMFs obtained under chromatographic conditions are given. The FMFs relative response factors at 320, 335, and 345 nm and their concentrations in hand-squeezed and commercial concentrated orange and mandarin juices are tabulated. The FMF concentration differences found among samples are discussed. PMID- 3225308 TI - New polymeric benzotriazole reagents for off-line derivatizations of amines and polyamines in HPLC. AB - New polymeric reagents are synthesized, based on a polystyrene-bound benzotriazole containing an o-acetylsalicyl or 9-fluorenyl labelling moiety. This is used in an off-line mode, prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), for derivatizations of trace primary and secondary amines, polyamines, and related compounds in connection with HPLC. Standards are prepared, characterized by physical and spectral properties, and then used as external standards to determine percent derivatizations. The polymeric reagents are characterized by elemental analyses and loading determinations. The feasibility and applicability of this reagent for derivatization of nucleophiles is confirmed with a number of amines under optimized conditions. The activated labelling moiety, bonded to the polymeric support, makes the derivatization reactions extremely rapid and efficient under mild reaction conditions. This alone provides significant advantages over the analogous solution derivatizations for the same amines. A comparison of solution and solid phase derivatization reactions is reported. The limits of detection are 1 to 2 pmol for polyamines, such as cadaverine, putrescine, and 1,7-diaminoheptane, using the benzotriazole fluorenyl reagent followed by fluorescence detection. PMID- 3225309 TI - Determination of menadione in an animal feed using supercritical fluid extraction and HPLC with electrochemical detector. AB - Menadione (vitamin K3) is extracted from spiked rat chow using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide at 8000 psi and 60 degrees C. Quantitative extraction requires only 20 min. The extraction does not suffer from the problems associated with conventional solvent extraction of lipophilic materials from animal feeds. Menadione is determined in the extract, which does not require further cleanup, using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with reductive mode electrochemical detection at a silver electrode at -0.75 V vs. calomel. The minimum detectable quantity by the detector is 125 pg of menadione, and the response is linear over at least 4 orders of magnitude; however, the minimum quantity extractable is about 20 micrograms/g of feed. Repetitive extracts of a spiked feed sample over a five-day period show an average recovery of 90.5% with a relative standard deviation of 2.2% at the 1 mg/g level. PMID- 3225310 TI - Analysis of palm oil carotenoids by HPLC with diode-array detection. AB - Palm oil carotenoids are analyzed by nonaqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NARP-HPLC) with UV/vis diode-array detection. Isocratic elution with 60% acetonitrile/35% methanol/5% methylene chloride at 2 mL/min on a 25-cm C18 column results in an analysis time of 30 min. Identification is made through absorption spectra and chromatographic elution behaviors, for example, polyenic pi conjugation, dipole moment of end-groups, and oxygen function on the chromophores. At least 12 carotenoids are identified with alpha- and beta carotene as the dominant carotenoids (1:2 ratio). Several mono- and di-epoxides of alpha- and beta-isomers and hydrocarbon carotenes are found, including the UV absorbing phytoene identified by spectral substraction. cis-Isomerization is found and discussed in the light of spectral evidence. The effect of saponification time on the amount of extracted carotenes is investigated. Quantitation results in a combined alpha- and beta-carotene concentration of at least 506 ppm. The detection limit for beta-carotene is 31 ng. PMID- 3225311 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of oxantel and pyrantel pamoate. AB - A method is described for the determination of oxantel and pyrantel pamoate in proprietary broad spectrum anthelmintic tablets. Quantitation is performed by using an octyl Spherisorb column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water modified with butylamine. Carbaryl-(1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) is used as internal standard. PMID- 3225312 TI - Determination of verapamil and its primary metabolites in serum by ion-pair adsorption high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantitation of verapamil, norverapamil, N-dealkylverapamil (D617) and N dealkylnorverapamil (D620) concentrations in serum is developed. Analysis is performed on a microparticulate (10 microns) silica column using a counter-ion solvent system (0.6 mM NaBr in methanol). Column effluent is monitored by fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 203 nm. The limit of sensitivity is less than 1 ng for all compounds in serum. No potential sources of interference are identified and a coefficient of variation of less than 10% is observed on replicate verapamil determinations. The method has the advantages of complete resolution of the metabolites of verapamil, low limits of detection, high degree of reproducibility, and short analysis time. PMID- 3225313 TI - Quantitative determination of limonin in citrus juices by HPLC using computerized solvent optimization. AB - The commercially available computer program, Drylab, for optimization of separations by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using binary solvent mixtures is used to improve an HPLC method for separation of the bitter principle, limonin, in grapefruit and navel orange juices. Best conditions for separation of limonin in a reasonable time are 30 to 32% acetonitrile in water at 0.9 mL/min using a 5-micron C18 column 10 cm long. These conditions are used to analyze grapefruit and navel orange juice samples, and these HPLC results are compared with values determined by enzyme immunoassay or thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on the same samples. PMID- 3225316 TI - Statistical and methodological issues in the design of neuropsychological research. PMID- 3225315 TI - Effect of simulated hearing loss on speech sounds perception. AB - This study examined the effect of simulated hearing loss on the Speech-Sounds Perception Test (SSPT) performance of a sample of 24 young volunteers with normal hearing sensitivity. Bilateral air conduction thresholds were obtained on all participants. The SSPT was recorded on tape by a professional radio announcer. The tape-recorded stimuli were filtered through a calibrated audiometer and spectrum shaper to simulate two high-frequency losses. Results show a significant effect of simulated high-frequency hearing loss on SSPT performance. Clinicians are advised to exercise caution in attributing poor SSPT performance of their patients with suspected hearing loss solely to a central auditory processing deficit. PMID- 3225314 TI - Relationship among CT scans, neurological exam, and neuropsychological test performance in right-brain-damaged stroke patients. AB - Right-hemisphere stroke rehabilitation inpatients were assessed by: (1) CT scans; (2) neurological exam; and (3) cognitive and affective psychometric measures. Damage to temporal, parietal, and occipital regions was associated with visual spatial impairments. Surprisingly, parietal damage was no more related than temporal and occipital damage to severity of visual inattention. While the neurologist's ratings of lability and depression were related to CT-scan measures, patients' self-report of depression was not so related. These findings support a less specific and probably greater interlobule organization of the right, as compared with left, hemisphere, and highlight the need for multifaceted affective assessment in such a brain-damaged group. PMID- 3225317 TI - When diagnostic agreement is high, but reliability is low: some paradoxes occurring in joint independent neuropsychology assessments. AB - Two paradoxes can occur when neuropsychologists attempt to assess the reliability of a dichotomous diagnostic instrument (e.g., one measuring the presence or absence of Dyslexia or Autism). The first paradox occurs when two pairs of examiners both produce the same high level of agreement (e.g., 85%). Nonetheless, the level of chance-corrected agreement is relatively high for one pair (e.g., 70) and quite low for the other (e.g., .32). To illustrate the second paradox, consider two examiners who are in 80% agreement in their overall diagnosis of Dyslexia. Assume, further, that they are in 100% agreement in the proportion of cases they both diagnose as Dyslexic (20%) and as Non-Dyslexic (80%). Somewhat paradoxically, the level of chance-corrected interexaminer agreement for this pair of examiners calculates to only .37. In distinct contrast, a second set of examiners also in 80% overall agreement, is in appreciable disagreement with respect to diagnostic assignments. Thus, the first neuropsychologist: (a) classifies 65% of the cases as Non-Dyslexic, as opposed to 45% so diagnosed by the second neuropsychologist; and (b) classifies the remaining 35% as Dyslexic, as compared to the 55% so classified by the second examiner. Despite these phenomena, this second pair of examiners produces a much higher level of chance corrected agreement than did the first pair, that is, a value of .61. The underlying reasons for both of these paradoxes, as well as their resolution, are presented. PMID- 3225318 TI - Evaluating evidence for automaticity in frequency of occurrence judgments: a bias for bias? AB - Frequency of occurrence judgments were evaluated in young adults recovering from closed-head injuries, normal elderly, and young adult controls. Impaired performance was observed in both head-injured and elderly subjects, a result contrary to Hasher and Zacks' 1979 hypothesis that this information accumulates in memory via automatic processes which are unaffected by age, but supporting their conjecture that damage to the central nervous system would be sufficient to interfere with this function. The head-injured subject's performance on the frequency judgment task was correlated with effortful memory capacity as measured by several widely used memory tests. Whether the obtained group differences reflect differences in memory capacity or response criteria effects is discussed, and several methods of analyzing the data are compared. PMID- 3225319 TI - A comparison of breastfeeding rates among children with pervasive developmental disorder, and controls. AB - The breastfeeding rates for 50 children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) from North Dakota's roster of PDD patients were compared with the national average and with the rates for a control group matched for age, sex, and IQ. In addition, the breastfeeding rates for the normal siblings of the PDD and control groups were compared with the national average to help determine whether the lower breastfeeding rate among PDD patients was a function of parenting practices. The breastfeeding rates for the PDD and control groups were not significantly different from each other, but both were significantly lower than the national average. The breastfeeding rate for the normal siblings of PDD children was almost identical to the national average, but the rate for the siblings of the matched control group was significantly lower than the national average. These results are discussed in terms of hypotheses regarding the early parent-child interactions and characteristics in the families of PDD children. PMID- 3225320 TI - Concepts of illness and perception of control in healthy children and in children with chronic illnesses. AB - Healthy children, children with seizure disorders, and children with orthopedic conditions, ranging in age from 5 to 16 years old, were questioned about their knowledge of disease etiology, treatment, and prevention, and their health locus of control beliefs, to explore the relationship between illness-related concept attainment and perceived control over health. Children who perceived greater personal control over health demonstrated a more sophisticated conceptual understanding of disease than did children with a more external orientation. Healthy children scored significantly higher on the illness concepts questions and expressed significantly more internal health locus of control beliefs than did their peers with a chronic physical illness. Perceived control over health appears to be one factor that mediates the relationship between illness experience and understanding. PMID- 3225321 TI - Chronic illness and infant-mother attachment: cystic fibrosis. AB - In order to evaluate the effects of a chronic potentially lethal illness on infant-mother relationships, we assessed 23 infants diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the first year of life and 23 healthy controls in Ainsworth's "strange situation" paradigm for attachment at 12-18 months of age. There were no differences in distribution of attachment patterns between the CF infants and the controls, or between either group and published norms. Comparisons between securely and insecurely attached infants in the CF group indicated that, although they did not differ in measures of initial severity of illness, the insecure group was diagnosed significantly earlier and had significantly lower weight and weight for height at 12-18 months. Although the sample is small, these findings point to the possible psychosocial impact of illness and the role that psychosocial factors can play in the health and growth of infants. PMID- 3225322 TI - What is measured by the Conners' Teacher Behavior Rating Scale? Replication of factor analysis. AB - The revised 28-item Conners' Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS) is subjected to factor analysis replication, with a referral sample of 354 children. The factor structure is more clearly defined than in the original normative study, and a primary factor of hyperactivity emerged, accounting for 39% of the variance. Six factors that emerged, all with eigenvalues of 1.00 or more, accounted for 69% of the variance. Hyperactivity and conduct factors, which are consistent over multiple studies, emerged. Items consistent with inattentive, unsociable, and passive behavior also separated into discrete factors. This suggests that using a mixed clinical population produces a clearer delineation of factors, which may provide the basis for subtyping a clinical population. Use of the TBRS as the diagnostic measure in medication studies, and its relationship with the abbreviated Teacher Rating Scale (ATRS), are explored. PMID- 3225323 TI - Predictors of one-year developmental status in low birth weight infants. AB - The purpose of the present study was to describe the relations among various perinatal, environmental, and demographic measures in a sample of low birth weight infants and to relate those measures to 1-year developmental status. Perinatal variables included birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores, and summary measures of respiratory distress and morbidity. Home visits provided ratings of the infants' environment at 7 and 12 months corrected age. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were given at the 12-month home visit. A principal components factor analysis revealed four factors. The first factor was labeled an immaturity-illness factor, since it was primarily composed of gestational age, birth weight, and the respiratory distress and morbidity summary scores. Ratings of the infant's home environment loaded on the second factor, the demographic variables on the third factor, and the 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores comprised the fourth factor. The four factor scores together with the number of delays on the Denver Developmental Screening Test, given at 7 months corrected age, were entered as independent variables in four multiple regression analyses with the corrected and uncorrected mental development index index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) Bayley scores as the dependent variables. These regression analyses indicated that 1-year developmental status is a reflection of the infant's immaturity and neonatal morbidity, the quality of his or her home environment, and freedom from sensorimotor delays. PMID- 3225324 TI - Developmental outcome in very low birth weight infants 6 to 36 months old. AB - A cohort of 78 infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth was followed prospectively to determine the impact of birth weight, age of assessment, and skill area on their developmental performance. Five skill areas were tested using the Griffiths Mental Scales of Development at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age. Infants were divided into three birth weight groups: less than 750 g, 750-1000 g, and 1001-1500 g. A significant age and skill interaction was found, with the locomotor and eye-hand skills decreasing consistently over time, and the personal social and hearing and speech skills initially decreasing and then rising from 12 to 36 months. Infants born at less than 1000 g consistently performed more poorly than those born at 1001-1500 g. Explanations for the variation in scores and the implications of these findings to the evaluation of low birth weight infants are discussed. PMID- 3225325 TI - Issues in prediction and developmental follow-up. PMID- 3225327 TI - Statistics on microcomputers. A non-algebraic guide to their appropriate use in biomedical research and pathology practice. 3. Analysis of variance and distribution-free methods. PMID- 3225326 TI - The child with psychosomatic symptoms: the use of a therapeutic prolonged evaluation. PMID- 3225328 TI - Feasibility of new prognostic classification for rectal cancer. AB - Sixty slides from 60 blocks taken from 30 colonic carcinomas were circulated twice to six histopathologists of varying experience. Five of the six pathologists showed a good to excellent intraobserver agreement for assessment of the character of the invasive margin (0.44 less than kappa less than 0.82), which was not significantly affected by sampling (0.40 less than kappa less than 0.56, comparing both slides from each tumour) or observer (five of six pathologists agreeing on 46 of 60 slides). Pathologists were unreliable in assessing peritumoural lymphocytic infiltrates, with only two pathologists achieving moderate levels of intraobserver agreement (-0.03 less than kappa less than 0.52). The interobserver agreement for peritumoural lymphocytic infiltrates was also low (kappa less than 0.29) between the three most experienced pathologists. The assessment of peritumoural lymphocytic infiltrates was significantly affected by sampling, the two pathologists with the lowest intraobserver variation achieving kappa values of 0.21 and 0.10 between the 30 paired slides from each tumour. The character of the invasive margin was reliably assessed, was not dependent on sample, and added useful prognostic information, but peritumoural lymphocytic infiltration is not a reproducible observation and may therefore not add useful prognostic information in routine use. PMID- 3225329 TI - Clinicopathological importance of primary dysplasia of bladder. AB - A retrospective study of 15 patients with primary dysplasia of bladder urothelium was performed in an attempt to clarify some of the clinical and histopathological features. The lesion occurs predominantly in middle aged men who present with irritative bladder symptoms with or without haematuria and show no evidence of bacteriological urinary tract infection. Appearances at cystoscopy are non specific. Thirteen patients showed no progression to carcinoma in situ after a long period of follow up, but primary dysplasia cannot be regarded as an entirely innocuous condition as the remaining two patients did develop carcinoma in situ. The grade of dysplasia on presentation bears no relation to the final outcome. Regular cytological analysis of urine seems to be the best means of follow up, and more active treatment does not seem to be justified. PMID- 3225330 TI - Use of histological examination to assess ultrastructure of liver in patients with long standing jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity. AB - To assess the pattern and severity of liver disease in patients who had undergone jejuno-ileal bypass for the treatment of morbid obesity, 23 patients were biopsied, all of whom had had intact bypasses for more than 10 years. These were examined by light and electron microscopy. Previous biopsy specimens from each patient, including specimens taken before bypass, were reviewed. Similar biopsy specimens were obtained from six obese patients undergoing gastroplasty. There was no evidence of cirrhosis, and mild or moderate degrees of fibrosis were found in only a few patients. Steatosis tended to persist after bypass, albeit to a lesser degree. Giant mitochondria and intramitochondrial filamentous inclusions were present in four of six specimens taken before gastroplasty and in 15 of 23 specimens taken after jejuno-ileal bypass, being especially numerous in those specimens showing little or no steatosis. It is suggested that such features reflect ultrastructural evidence of adaptation to an abnormal metabolic environment both in the morbidly obese and even many years after jejuno-ileal bypass. Their prognostic importance is unclear. PMID- 3225332 TI - Human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) and its in vitro effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AB - Human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) was isolated from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antibodies to this herpes virus were found to be widespread among adults and children in Western Australia. Co-infection studies indicated that HIV replication was inhibited by the presence of HHV-6. PMID- 3225331 TI - EBM/11 reactivity in malignant histiocytosis. AB - A patient presented initially with a testicular mass, which on biopsy had morphological features consistent with malignant histiocytosis. The tumour cells labelled strongly with EBM/11, a murine monoclonal antibody with high specificity for cells of the human mononuclear phagocyte system. Subsequent clinical and laboratory studies confirmed the diagnosis. As poorly differentiated tumour cells reacted with EBM/11, this antibody may be useful in positively identifying malignant tumours with histiocytic differentiation from malignancies of other types where morphological detail alone is inconclusive in tumour classification. PMID- 3225333 TI - Retrospective study of Campylobacter-like organisms in patients undergoing partial gastrectomy. AB - One hundred and five stoma biopsy specimens and 108 corpus biopsy specimens from 108 patients who had undergone a partial gastrectomy because of peptic ulcer disease were examined retrospectively for the presence of Campylobacter-like organisms and gastritis. In the corpus biopsy specimens Campylobacter-associated gastritis was found in 55 (71%) of the cases and in 42 (48%) of the stoma biopsy specimens. It is concluded that Campylobacter-like organisms have a role in gastritis after partial gastrectomy, although this role is more prominent in the corpus region. The role of Campylobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease is not clinically important. PMID- 3225334 TI - Campylobacter pylori: clinical, histological, and serological studies. AB - The presence of Campylobacter pylori, histologically diagnosed gastritis, and antibodies to C pylori were determined in a series of 113 patients undergoing endoscopy. Paired biopsy specimens from the fundus, body, and antrum were collected from 59 patients and from the antrum of 54 patients. The presence of C pylori was confirmed by either culture or silver stain in 30 of 59, 31 of 59, and 54 of 103 biopsy specimens from the fundus, body, and antrum, respectively. Of the specimens which contained C pylori 20 of 30 (66%) from the fundus, 25 of 31 (80%) from the body, and 54 (100%) from the antrum showed gastritis. C pylori and gastritis were shown in seven of nine (78.1%) of patients with gastric ulcers and in nine of 11 (82%) of patients with duodenal ulcers. Using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique to detect IgG antibody to C pylori, all patients with histologically diagnosed gastritis and organisms present had titres of greater than or equal to 640; eight of 39 (21%) of patients without gastritis and without organisms gave similar titres. Hence the presence of C pylori was associated with gastritis and with raised titres of IgG antibody. PMID- 3225335 TI - Guidelines on platelet function testing. The British Society for Haematology BCSH Haemostasis and Thrombosis Task Force. PMID- 3225336 TI - Diagnosis of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis by detection of tuberculostearic acid in formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue biopsy specimens. AB - The use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring detected tuberculostearic acid (TBSA) in 10 of 12 formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded nasopharyngeal and head and neck biopsy specimens from patients with confirmed tuberculosis and carcinoma, and in one of 50 control specimens (giving a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 98%). The two false negative cases had very small tissue fragments and the patient with a false positive result may have had pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculostearic acid (TBSA) was also detected in nine of 16 specimens from the head and neck region with non-caseating granulomas suspected, but not confirmed, to be tuberculosis. It is concluded that nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is relatively common in Hong Kong and should be considered when biopsy specimens show granulomas. The detection of TBSA in tissue biopsy specimens is a useful, rapid method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections, and can be conveniently performed within two days on formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded material. PMID- 3225340 TI - Dangerous hyperkalaemia after analysis of arterial blood sample. PMID- 3225338 TI - Potential transport medium for Campylobacter pylori. PMID- 3225339 TI - Nucleolar organiser regions in lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 3225337 TI - Multiblock: an aid in diagnostic immunohistochemistry. PMID- 3225341 TI - Distribution and characterization of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the crested newt. AB - The newt brain represents a simplified model for the increasingly complex vertebrate neuronal organization. The localization of neuropeptide Y-like (NPY like) containing neurons in the brain of Triturus cristatus was studied by means of indirect immunofluorescence, peroxidase-antiperoxidase, and avidin-biotin techniques using a highly specific antiserum. NPY-like positive cell bodies were observed in several areas, most notably in the telencephalon (primordium hippocampi and amygdaloid complex), the preoptic and suprachiasmatic areas, the hypothalamus, the dorsal thalamus, the tegmentum, and the rhombencephalon (laterolateral grey column and raphe area). Nerve fibres were particularly abundant in the pallium, striatum, septum, amygdaloid, preoptic neuropils, and pars intercalaris diencephali. Bundles of NPY-immunoreactive fibres also were visualized in the dorsal thalamus and in the posterior hypothalamus. The pars intermedia lacked any NPY-like positive fibres. Neuronal processes also were found in the tectum mesencephali and in the body of the cerebellum. A prominent NPY-like fibre network was observed in the octavolateralis. Concentrations of NPY measured by means of a specific radioimmunoassay were threefold higher in the hypothalamus (15.2 +/- 1.3 ng/mg proteins) than in the rhombencephalon (4.9 +/- 0.3) and the mesencephalon (4.3 +/- 0.2). The concentration found in the telencephalon was 2.1 +/- 0.3 ng/mg proteins. Sephadex G-50 gel chromatography of whole brain extracts indicated the presence of high molecular weight forms of NPY like material in addition to the authentic peptide. Both amphibian and mammalian NPY peptides had an apparent molecular weight of 4,000 daltons, as evidenced by immunoblotting analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated, however, that the newt peptide was slightly less hydrophobic than porcine NPY. The present findings indicate that NPY-immunoreactive neurons are widely distributed in the brain of urodeles. Our data indicate that the NPY molecule has been relatively well preserved during evolution. PMID- 3225342 TI - Representation of the visual field in the second visual area in the Cebus monkey. AB - The representation of the visual field in the second visual area (V2) was reconstructed from multiunit visual responses and anatomical tracers. Receptive field plotting was performed during multiple recording sessions in seven Cebus apella monkeys under N2O/O2 and immobilized with pancuronium bromide. V2 forms a continuous belt of variable width around striate cortex (V1) except at the most anterior portion of the calcarine sulcus. In each hemisphere V2 contains a visuotopic representation of the contralateral visual hemifield. The representation of the vertical meridian is adjacent to that of V1 and forms the posterior border of V2. The representation of the fovea of V2 is adjacent to that of V1. The representation of the horizontal meridian (HM) is continuous with that of V1; then it splits to form the anterior border of V2, both dorsally and ventrally. The lower quadrant of the visual field is represented dorsally and the upper quadrant ventrally. The visual topography of V2 is coarser than that of V1. In V2, receptive fields corresponding to recording sites separated by a cortical distance of up to 4 mm may represent the same portion of the visual field. In three additional animals, combined injections of fluorescent tracers along the HM representation in V1 yielded two projection sites at the anterior border of V2. The split of the HM representation is estimated to occur at an eccentricity below 1 degree. Quantitative analysis showed that in V2 the representation of the central visual field is magnified relative to that of the periphery. The cortical magnification factor is greater along the isopolar dimension than along the isoeccentric one. Receptive field size in V2 increases with increasing eccentricity. In sections stained for myelin by the Heidenhein-Woelcke method V2 can be distinguished from the surrounding cortex for most of its extent. PMID- 3225343 TI - Development of the rat thalamus: I. Mosaic organization of the thalamic neuroepithelium. AB - Short-survival, sequential, and long-survival thymidine radiograms of rat embryos, fetuses and young pups were analyzed in order to delineate the boundaries of the proliferative thalamic neuroepithelium, describe its early transformations, identify its regional divisions, and, finally, attempt to relate its distinct neuroepithelial components to specific thalamic nuclei that they supply with neurons. On day E13 the thalamic neuroepithelium consists of two divisions, the rostral lobe and the caudal lobe, and interposed between the two is a small transient structure, the reticular protuberance. By day E14 the rostral lobe has become partitioned into the anterior lobule and the reticular lobule, and the caudal lobe into the intermediate lobule and the posterior lobule. By day E15 these four lobules have become further partitioned into sublobules, characterized as regional eversions and inversions (concavities and convexities) of the thalamic neuroepithelium. Several of these sublobules are still recognizable on day E16 but progressively disappear thereafter. In this introductory paper, some evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis that the identified thalamic sublobules represent putative cell lines committed to produce neurons for specific, early-generated thalamic nuclei. Detailed documentation of the evidence on which the identifications are based is provided in subsequent papers of this series which deal with the early development of specific thalamic regions and nuclei. In our attempt to identify these putative cell lines, we sought to meet the following criteria: (1) a good match between the time course of mitotic activity in a neuroepithelial sublobule and the birth days of neurons in the nucleus that it is postulated to supply with neurons, (2) relative proximity between the putative neuroepithelial source and the thalamic target structure, and, where possible, (3) the tracing of migrating cells from the germinal source to its destination. Using these criteria we have made the following tentative identifications. The early derivatives of the anterior thalamic lobules are the sublobules (committed cell lines) of the anterior thalamic nuclei, and of the central lateral and mediodorsal nuclei. The early derivatives of the reticular lobule and reticular protuberance are the sublobules of the reticular nuclear complex. The early derivatives of the intermediate lobule are the sublobules of the ventrolateral and ventrobasal nuclei. Finally, the early derivatives of the posterior lobule are the sublobules of the dorsal geniculate, ventral geniculate, and medial geniculate nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3225344 TI - Development of the rat thalamus: II. Time and site of origin and settling pattern of neurons derived from the anterior lobule of the thalamic neuroepithelium. AB - Short-survival, sequential, and long-survival thymidine radiograms of rat embryos, fetuses, and young pups were analyzed in order to examine the time of origin, settling pattern, and neuroepithelial site of origin of the anterior thalamic nuclei--the lateral dorsal (lateral anterior), anterodorsal, anteroventral and anteromedial nuclei--and of two rostral midline structures--the anterior paraventricular and paratenial nuclei. The neurons of the lateral dorsal nucleus are generated over a 3-day period between days E14-E16 and their settling pattern displays a combined lateral-to-medial and dorsal-to-ventral neurogenetic gradient. The bulk of the neurons of the anteroventral nucleus are generated over a 3-day period between days E15-E17 and settle with an oblique lateral-to-medial and ventral-to-dorsal neurogenetic gradient. The bulk of the neurons of the anteromedial nucleus are generated over a 2-day period between days E16-E17 and show the same settling pattern as the anteroventral nucleus. The neurons of the anterodorsal nucleus are generated over a 3-day period between days E15-E17 and show a lateral-to-medial neurogenetic gradient. The bulk of the neurons of the central part and lateral part of the paraventricular nucleus are generated over a 2-day period (E16-E17 and E17-E18, respectively) and each part displays a ventral to-dorsal neurogenetic gradient. Finally, the bulk of the neurons of the paratenial nucleus are generated over a 4-day period between days E15-E18 and settle with a lateral-to-medial neurogenetic gradient. Observations are presented that the anterior thalamic nuclei, constituting the distinct "limbic thalamus," derive from a discrete neuroepithelial source. This is the crescent-shaped germinal matrix lining the diencephalic (medial) wall of the hitherto unrecognized anterior transitional promontory, which we call the anterior thalamic neuroepithelial lobule. On day E16 three migratory streams leave the anterior neuroepithelial lobule and, on the basis of their labeling pattern in relation to the neurogenetic gradients of the anterior thalamic nuclei, they are identified, from dorsal to ventral, as the putative migratory streams of the anterodorsal, anteroventral, and lateral dorsal nuclei. On day E17 the putative migratory stream of the anteromedial nucleus appears to leave the same neuroepithelial region that on the previous days was the source of the anteroventral nucleus. Dorsally, two neuroepithelial patches persist after day E17 and these are identified as the putative cell lines of the anterior paraventricular and paratenial nuclei. PMID- 3225345 TI - Development of the rat thalamus: III. Time and site of origin and settling pattern of neurons of the reticular nucleus. AB - Short-survival, sequential, and long-survival thymidine radiograms of rat embryos, fetuses, and young pups were analyzed in order to examine the time of origin, settling pattern, migratory route, and site of origin of neurons of the reticular nuclear complex of the thalamus. On the basis of its chrono architectonics, the reticular nucleus was divided into a central, medial, and lateral subnucleus. The central subnucleus is the earliest produced component of the entire thalamus with over 50% of its neurons being generated on day E13 and another 40% on day E14. Peak production of neurons of the lateral and medial subnuclei is on day E14. There is a lateral (earlier) to medial (later) neurogenetic gradient between these two components of the reticular complex: only about 12% of the lateral subnucleus neurons, but close to 30% of the medial subnucleus neurons, are generated on day E15. Because the lateral and medial subnuclei display the typical outside-in gradient found in the thalamus, they are considered to constitute a single cytogenetic sector; the early generated central subnucleus, which violates this order, is considered to constitute a separate cytogenetic sector. Observations are presented that neurons of the central reticular subnucleus originate in a unique neuroepithelial region, the reticular protuberance. The migration of heavily labeled cells was traced from this region in rats labeled with 3H-thymidine on day E13 and killed on the subsequent days. The neurons of the lateral and medial reticular subnuclei originate in the reticular lobule of the thalamic neuroepithelium. The migration of heavily labeled, spindle-shaped cells was traced from this region in rats labeled with 3H thymidine on days E14 and E15 and killed at daily intervals thereafter. The neurogenetic gradient of the reticular thalamic complex seen in postnatal rats is established before birth. PMID- 3225346 TI - Serotoninlike immunoreactivity in the central and peripheral nervous system of the scale worm Harmothoe imbricata (Polychaeta). AB - The distribution of serotoninergic neurons in the nervous system of the scale worm Harmothoe imbricata was visualized in the anterior half of the body by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method with a specific antiserotonin antibody. Immunoreactive neuronal somata were localized in discrete ganglion cell masses of the dorsally situated cerebral ganglion and in segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord. They also make up the majority of neurons present in the parapodial ganglia. Large and small varicose fibers stained in the neuropile of all the above-mentioned ganglia but also in interganglionic connectives and segmental nerves. On the basis of soma size and location and of fiber distribution, the reactive neurons were identified as primarily interneuronal with a few motoneurons and presumptive afferent neurons. The presence of a motor component was substantiated by observations of several reactive varicose fibers spread over longitudinal muscle layers of the trunk. In addition, neurites of the subepidermal nerve plexus and enterochromaffinlike cells of the gut epithelium reacted with the serotonin antibody. It is concluded that serotoninergic pathways are ubiquitous elements in the organization of the central and peripheral nervous system of this polychaete. The significance of these findings in relation to other annelid groups and to the physiological role of serotonin is discussed. PMID- 3225348 TI - Synaptic analysis of amacrine cells with neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in turtle retina. AB - Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity has been localized previously within three classes of amacrine cells in the turtle retina. We have used the avidin-biotin with horseradish peroxidase technique to label these neurons for examination at the ultrastructural level to answer the following questions. Where are the synaptic contacts of these neurons made? What types of neurons are involved pre- and postsynaptically? What is the intracellular distribution of the immunoreactivity? Processes with neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity were located primarily within three regions of the inner plexiform layer: stratum 1, stratum 3, and at the border between strata 4 and 5. In all three regions the processes with neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity received synaptic contacts from both unlabeled amacrine and bipolar cells, but the majority of the synaptic input in all three regions was from unlabeled amacrine cells. Processes with neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity were presynaptic to unlabeled amacrine cells in all three regions, but also formed contacts onto unlabeled bipolar cells in the region between strata 4 and 5. The immunoreactivity within these cells gave rise to a diffuse reaction product that was distributed throughout the cytoplasm and within large vesicles. This localization of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity within large vesicles suggests that this peptide may play a neuromodulatory role. Such a role would be consistent with previous studies of neuropeptides in the turtle retina. PMID- 3225347 TI - Evidence of intracerebellar collateralization of nucleocortical cell processes in a prosimian primate (Galago): a fluorescence retrograde study. AB - The distribution of single and/or double-labeled neurons in the cerebellar nuclei was investigated in a prosimian primate (Galago) by means of fast blue (FB) and nuclear yellow (NY) as retrograde tracers. Injections were made into spatially separate regions of cerebellar cortex on one side (zones C1-C3 in lobules IV and V and in the paramedian lobule) and into the same zones of lobules IV and V on both sides. Following unilateral injections single- and double-labeled somata were seen in the anterior (NIA) and posterior (NIP) interposed cerebellar nuclei on the same side. Single-labeled cells were, in general, more concentrated in NIA from the lobule IV-V injection and in NIP from the PML placement; double-labeled somata were about evenly distributed between NIA and NIP. Cell labeling was sparse in the contralateral NIP. Large and small somata were filled with FB, NY, or FB + NY ipsilateral to the injection sites while the majority of labeled neurons on the contralateral side had small oval- or fusiform-shaped somata. Subsequent to bilateral injections cells labeled with each tracer were concentrated in the NIA, moderate in number in the NIP, both on the ipsilateral side, and sparse in the contralateral NIP. The double labeling of cells in the present study indicates that these neurons project to spatially separated, yet possibly functionally related, areas of ipsilateral cortex. Since larger and small somata were double labeled it is possible that those cells with cerebellofugal processes to extracerebellar targets may simultaneously relay information to divergent cortical sites. In contrast, the few labeled cells seen in the contralateral NIP have small oval and fusiform somata. These neurons may be specifically involved in cerebelloolivary and olivocerebellar feedback loops. PMID- 3225349 TI - Sympathetic and afferent somata projecting in hindlimb nerves and the anatomical organization of the lumbar sympathetic nervous system of the rat. AB - The anatomy of the sympathetic pathways from the spinal cord to the lumbar sympathetic trunk and the inferior mesenteric ganglion was studied systematically in the rat. Details of the arrangements of white and gray rami communicantes, sympathetic trunk ganglia, the intermesenteric nerve, and the lumbar splanchnic nerves are summarized. A modified nomenclature for the segmental ganglia of the paravertebral sympathetic chain is proposed. Cell bodies of sensory and sympathetic axons projecting to the skin and skeletal muscle of the rat hindlimb were labeled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in order to study numbers, segmental distribution, and location of the somata of these neurons quantitatively. HRP was applied to the nerves supplying skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius-soleus, GS), hairy skin (sural, SU; saphenous, SA) and to a mixed nerve (tibial, TI). All sensory somata and 96.4% of the sympathetic cell bodies were located ipsilaterally. Sensory somata were commonly restricted to two adjacent dorsal root ganglia (usually L3-4 for SA; L4-5 for GS, TI; L5-6 for SU). Although the sympathetic somata were more widely distributed rostrocaudally (four to six segments), their maximum was always located one or two segments more cranially than the sensory outflow, i.e., corresponding to the rami communicantes grisei. From the data, it is estimated that 420 sympathetic and 530 afferent neurons project into GS, 590 and 3,610 into SU, 920 and 3,750 into SA, and 1,070 and 5,760 into TI. These absolute neuron numbers are compared with electron microscopic fiber counts from the literature. PMID- 3225351 TI - Discrimination of interaural differences of time in the envelopes of high frequency signals: integration times. AB - Listeners detected interaural differences of time in trains of high-frequency clicks. The manipulated variables were the number of clicks in the train and the period between clicks. Thresholds were compared to an optimal integrator, where the binaural information accrued from each click in the stimulus train is equivalent. In agreement with data reported in the past, integration is optimal only when the period between clicks exceeds approximately 10 ms and when the duration of the entire stimulus train is less than about 250 ms. The first constraint represents a limitation due to a form of "binaural adaptation" and the second is due to a limited "integration period." PMID- 3225352 TI - Morphology of the cochlear nerve in Sprague-Dawley and brown Norway rats. AB - Cochlear nerve morphology was studied in young adult albino (Sprague-Dawley) and pigmented (Brown Norway) rats. Analysis of the material included counts of normal and degenerating fibers and of glial cell nuclei, and measurements of vascularity and of the nerves' cross-sectional areas. The median number of normal fibers in the Sprague-Dawley rats was 21,216, and, in the Brown Norway rats, it was 20,186. There were no statistically significant differences between the two strains in numbers of normal fibers, degenerating myelin sheaths, or glial cell nuclei, or in the cross-sectional areas of the nerves. The area density of blood vessels was significantly higher in nerves from the Sprague-Dawley rats. The median area density in that strain was 0.0149, while in the Brown Norway rats the median area density was 0.0105. PMID- 3225350 TI - Speech masking. II: Simultaneous masking thresholds under "naturalistic" listening conditions. AB - This article investigates the role of listening conditions in determining thresholds for probe tones masked by natural speech. These thresholds are of interest because they are a sensitive probe of the activity profile, or spectrum, of sounds such as speech in the auditory system. Most human performance tests are carried out under highly artificial listening conditions, which may not reflect how people listen to speech in common listening environments. In this study, reference conditions (similar to minimal uncertainty listening conditions used in many performance tests) were compared to a "naturalistic" listening condition and to another, intermediate, condition. In the naturalistic listening condition, listeners did not know the frequency or the position of probe tones; additionally, they were required to attend to the semantic content of sentences. In the reference condition, listeners knew the frequency and position of probe tones masked by single syllables. Average thresholds were elevated by 4 dB in the naturalistic listening condition with respect to the reference condition, and thresholds tended to be elevated more for higher-frequency probe tones. The results provide previously unknown information about the resolution of speech sounds in the auditory system during speech comprehension. PMID- 3225356 TI - Comparison of various modes of presenting sentence materials in tests of speech perception in noise. AB - This study compares alternative modes of presenting sentences in testing situations where noise is employed and where the required response is only one word in the sentence. The purpose is to establish the extent to which contextual information is transmitted to the listener in the following four presentation modes: (1) acoustical presentation of the test word under noise and written presentation of the rest of the sentence (mode W); (2) acoustical presentation of sentence and test word under uniform noise (mode A); (3) superposition of the previous two modes (mode B); and (4) acoustical presentation of the test word under noise in one ear, immediately following the presentation of the rest of the sentence without noise in the other ear (mode C). Modes B and C are found to be essentially equivalent to mode W. When mode A is used, the intelligibility of the test word is substantially lower than with mode W, especially at low signal-to noise (S/N) ratios. These results are particularly relevant to testing situations where the primary intent is to assess the utilization of contextual information in perceiving speech. PMID- 3225353 TI - High-frequency plane waves in the ear canal: application of a simple asymptotic theory. AB - An asymptotic theory describing the propagation of plane waves in a variable cross-section ear canal is combined with pressure measurements in order to determine the energy reflection coefficient at the eardrum and the standing wave patterns along the length of the canal. The relative phase of the reflected wave, and the cross-sectional area function of the ear canal, are also determined from the noninvasive pressure measurements. The theory is based on a high-frequency multiscale solution of the one-dimensional horn equation and is shown to agree well with the phase and amplitude of experimental measurements in human replica ear canals. PMID- 3225354 TI - Burying straw men in imaginary graves: a reply to Kewley-Port, Watson, and Foyle (1988). AB - Kewley-Port, Watson, and Foyle [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 1133-1145 (1988)] describe a study that uses several different procedures to measure thresholds for stimuli whose components differ in temporal onset. Unfortunately, misunderstandings and misconceptions (shared with other recent publications) resulted in conclusions that are both unnecessary and unwarranted. The Kewley Port et al. article is discussed in terms of often replicated published findings on temporal order thresholds, and current misconceptions of perceptual concepts and models. PMID- 3225357 TI - Important British report calls for major review of residential care provision for all age groups. PMID- 3225355 TI - Some remarks on Pastore (1988). AB - Pastore [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 2262-2266 (1988)] has written a lengthy response to Kewley-Port, Watson, and Foyle [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 1133-1145 (1988)]. In this reply to Pastore's letter, several of his arguments are addressed, and new data are reported which support the conclusion of the original article. That conclusion is, basically, that the temporal acuity of the auditory system does not appear to be the origin of categorical perception of speech or nonspeech sounds differing in temporal onsets. PMID- 3225358 TI - The work of community psychiatric nursing. AB - The findings of this study provide an explanation of how community psychiatric nurses make community psychiatric nursing work. The work of community psychiatric nursing can be usefully compared to that involved in making a theatre production. In the theatre there is a play with a plot which is conveyed through the parts played by characters. In the face of production limitations (size of theatre, costs and time constraints, for example) and the demands of sponsors, audience, theatre critics and others in the Company, the characters make use of the stage props and get the show on the road. The community psychiatric nurses can be likened to the characters in a play, whose title is 'the provision of a community psychiatric nursing service'; the plot being the provision of individualized care. Similar to the production limitations in the theatre, the community psychiatric nurses have limited care options and resources and are faced with the varied demands of patients, carers and situations, other specialists and the bureaucracy. Yet the nurses have to produce the best match of needs to resources. Maintaining a theatrical analogy, the nurses have to use what props they have on the stage, not to 'get the show on the road', but to make the community psychiatric nursing service work. Unlike a theatrical production, however, community psychiatric nurses do not appear to have an overall director controlling the work; neither are there guidelines which limit or define practice. This results in individual community psychiatric nurses establishing their own modus operandi and defining their own work practices. Two major themes pervade this account of the work of community psychiatric nurses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225359 TI - The Marie Curie/St Luke's Relative Support Scheme: a home care service for relatives of the terminally ill. AB - A hospice-based scheme for the support of relatives of dying patients is described. The majority of carers were females and almost a third of them elderly. Most patients were suffering from malignancy. Relatives reported a high level of satisfaction with the help they received from the scheme, but late referral was a common source of dissatisfaction. A large proportion of patients subsequently died at home but it is suggested that the intervention of the relative support scheme was not the only contributory factor. The perceptions of nurses working for the scheme and the susceptibility of volunteers to stress are highlighted. PMID- 3225361 TI - Hospital and community liaison links in nursing: the role of the liaison nurse. AB - Since the 1960s there has been an awareness of a 'care-gap' when patients are transferred between hospital and home. In the United Kingdom, attempts to improve continuity of care have included the development of the role of the hospital/community liaison nurse. The liaison role has evolved in different ways and no systematic evaluation has occurred. This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study into the structure and process of the liaison role. It is suggested that the role is effective in enhancing continuity of care, but that modifications accompanied by educational and organizational changes would improve current practice. PMID- 3225362 TI - Preceptorship: a viable alternative clinical teaching strategy? AB - The difficulty experienced by many baccalaureate student nurses in making the role transition from student to graduate nurse continues to pose problems for nursing education and nursing service personnel alike. A variety of instructional strategies described in the literature which claim to enhance the effectiveness of student learning in the clinical setting and promote role adjustment immediately upon graduation have been used by nursing faculty and nursing service personnel. Preceptorship is one such strategy. The author reviews the evolution of preceptorship within the nursing profession and explores factors which are provoking current interest in this concept. Available empirical data regarding the effect of preceptorship on student and graduate nurse performance in the clinical setting are presented and implications for nursing education discussed. PMID- 3225360 TI - Verbal communication and behaviour during meals in five institutionalized patients with Alzheimer-type dementia. AB - Five institutionalized patients with Alzheimer-type dementia were observed (video recorded) during meals. The aim was to assess their meal behaviour and social interaction. The results showed that when the patients ate without the participation of staff, the two least demented patients became 'caregivers' in the group and helped the three most demented patients to eat. When two mental nurses joined the group, the patients dropped their roles as helpers. The conversation in the group could be characterized as incomplete, with short sentences and a lot of breaks. Sixty-three per cent of all comprehensible utterances concerned food and eating and almost all conversation concerned the present. PMID- 3225363 TI - Strategies and conditions for teaching theoretical nursing: an international perspective. AB - How, when, and why to teach nursing theory are still central questions for nurse educators. The questions are restated and generalized to the whys, and hows, and the whens to incorporate theoretical nursing rather than nursing theory in nursing education. Process and strategies for teaching theoretical nursing are compared and contrasted with those related to research. We propose the use of similar strategies and add several essential conditions related to theoretical nursing. In teaching theoretical nursing, educators are expected to develop an environment that values theory and ways by which a theoretical identity is facilitated and fostered in students. Critical and reflective thinking as well as the role modelling of local models of excellence are central ingredients in the development of nurses who are committed to using and developing theories. One approach in incorporating theory in curricula is to identify central components and goals such as historical analyses, domain boundaries, theory utilization, process and strategies for theory development and testing. Once components are identified, faculty can make a decision about where to incorporate them. We have proposed several approaches that incorporate theoretical nursing in undergraduate and graduate programmes. PMID- 3225364 TI - A study to compare the practice style of graduate and non-graduate nurses and midwives: the pilot study. AB - This paper comprises essentially a discussion of the pilot of a study currently being undertaken to compare the practice styles of graduate and non-graduate nurses. The background to the main study is described and discussed, as is the methodology. The problems encountered in the planning and executing of the data collection are particularly highlighted. The paper does not present data from the pilot study, but evaluates the methodology used and considers the implications for the main study. PMID- 3225366 TI - Marginality and the role of the clinical teacher. AB - This paper discusses the concept of marginality and its relevance to an understanding of the role of the clinical teacher. Despite having a rather chequered history, the notion of marginality has proved, nonetheless, to be a powerful and resilient stimulus for many writers from a variety of backgrounds. After a brief overview of the historical development of the concept, this paper focuses on the theoretical framework proposed by Dickie-Clark which is found to have value as both an accessible and flexible means of analysing a wide range of social and individual phenomena. It is this framework that is used to examine the position of the clinical teacher. The essence of the argument is that the clinical teacher is at a pivotal level at the intersection of two relatively distinct hierarchies (the formal educational and the informal clinical) which need to be reconciled if the clinical teacher is to be effective. Brief references are made also to Third World studies as an illustration of how seemingly remote concepts can be employed creatively to highlight some hitherto unconsidered aspects of the clinical teacher's role. PMID- 3225365 TI - Determinants of patient care: nursing process or nursing attitudes? AB - Nurses are increasingly striving to be recognized as independent professionals and often use the nursing process as evidence that they have their own area of expert knowledge. The nursing process is, in theory at least, an effective framework on which to base nursing care. However, there are a number of studies which indicate that nursing care is influenced to a significant degree by the attitudes of nursing staff. If nursing is to attain the status of an independent profession it must identify, and if possible, rectify the factors that influence nursing attitudes. PMID- 3225367 TI - Token economy in a hospital rehabilitation system. AB - A ward-based token economy programme which formed one part of a larger rehabilitative service for long-stay psychiatric patients is described. The clinical effectiveness of the programme is examined by the use of various nursing, psychological and psychiatric assessments before and after the patients' treatment on the ward, and the progress of former patients is followed-up as they move to different parts of the rehabilitation service. Significant clinical gains in patients' psychiatric symptomatology and problem behaviour on the ward are reported, although there were indications that improvement was not fully maintained as the patients moved on to other parts of the service. Comparison of the present clinical programme with the earlier research programmes on the ward indicated that the present regime was superior. The advantages and problems of token economy as a rehabilitative facility are discussed, outlining the various different roles for token economy with psychiatric rehabilitation. Finally, the future of token economy for long-stay patients is considered, questioning whether it might more appropriately be replaced by other structured ward programmes. PMID- 3225368 TI - Student nurse perception of the staff nurse role. AB - A survey was undertaken to identify the developing perception of the staff nurse role by student nurses in two health districts of one regional health authority using a questionnaire specially developed for the survey. A sample of 190 was selected from student nurses, staff nurses and sisters, working within those areas used for general nurse teaching at the two districts. The results indicate that first-year student nurses hold perceptions of the importance of the functions of the staff nurse role which are significantly different from the staff nurse whilst second-year students respond in the same way as staff nurses. Third-year student nurses hold a perception of the staff nurse role which does not differ significantly from that held by staff nurses except for the clinical function. Questions relating to performing within these functions were less easily interpreted. The results do not demonstrate a sequential developing perception of the staff nurse role, rather a change over the first year with some areas of performance remaining different throughout the years of training. Possible reasons for these differences are advanced. Difficulties in generalizing the results due to the limitations of the data obtained, questionnaire design and the locations for the study, are identified. PMID- 3225372 TI - Emphasis. Dental marketing: strategies for success. PMID- 3225370 TI - Treating dental fear. PMID- 3225369 TI - Correcting spray retraction. PMID- 3225371 TI - Extractions and TMJ. PMID- 3225373 TI - Pulmonary aspiration of a metal casting: report of case. AB - The danger of ingestion or aspiration of a foreign body by a patient during dental treatment is always present. This article discusses prevention and management of this event. A case is presented in which aspiration of a dental casting into the tracheobronchial tree was not accompanied by symptoms suggestive of aspiration. The patient had minimal symptoms; after radiographic localization the object was removed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with little discomfort to the patient. The absence of symptoms suggestive of aspiration does not exclude this possibility. PMID- 3225374 TI - An allergic reaction to latex rubber gloves. AB - Most dental practitioners are gloving up to work. With this trend, reports on manual dexterity, barrier effectiveness, and more have been recorded. This case report describes a new consideration--an allergic reaction by a patient to the dentist's rubber-gloved hands. PMID- 3225376 TI - Dental caries continues downward trend in children. PMID- 3225375 TI - Clinical evaluations of composite resin restorations in primary molars: a 4-year follow-up study. AB - A total of 96 composite resin restorations were placed in primary molars. After 4 years, 44 restorations were examined. The wear rate was similar to that of enamel in primary molars. The material had excellent radiopacity and color-matching properties. PMID- 3225377 TI - American Dental Association Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct. With official advisory opinions revised to July 1988. Council on Ethics, Bylaws, and Judicial Affairs. AB - The ethical statements which have historically been subscribed to by the dental profession have had the benefit of the patient as their primary goal. Recognition of this goal, and of the education and training of a dentist, has resulted in society affording to the profession the privilege and obligation of self government. The Association calls upon members of the profession to be caring and fair in their contact with patients. Although the structure of society may change, the overriding obligation of the dentist will always remain the duty to provide quality care in a competent and timely manner. All members must protect and preserve the high standards of oral health care provided to the public by the profession. They must strive to improve the care delivered--through education, training, research and, most of all, adherence to a stringent code of ethics, structured to meet the needs of the patient. PMID- 3225378 TI - Report of workshop aimed at defining guidelines for caries clinical trials: superiority and equivalency claims for anticaries dentifrices. Council on Dental Therapeutics. PMID- 3225379 TI - Neuropeptide and noradrenaline distributions in rat interscapular brown fat and in its intact and obstructed nerves of supply. AB - Following demonstration of noradrenergic and peptidergic nerves in rat interscapular brown adipose tissue, neuronal courses were investigated with reference to both the segmentally derived nerve traversing the fat pad and to paravascular projections, employing respectively, sucrose potassium glyoxylic acid and indirect immunofluorescence methodologies. Following ligation of the segmental nerve before its pad entry and distal to the pad, accumulations of noradrenaline, neuropeptide-Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P were observed immediately proximal to the ligature in all nerve components (T1 5). Two to three days after unilateral nerve resection (proximal to the pad), with or without simultaneous contralateral padectomy, there was, in some sections of the denervated pads either total absence of, or a very sparse distribution of both noradrenergic and peptidergic labelled nerves, thus suggesting minimal paravascular projection of these nerves and a major projection via the defineable segmental nerve route. PMID- 3225380 TI - Age-related changes of noradrenergic innervation of rat splanchnic blood vessels: a histofluorescence and neurochemical study. AB - The influence of ageing on the noradrenergic innervation of superior mesenteric artery and vein, renal artery and vein, and portal vein was studied in male Wistar rats by means of catecholamine histofluorescence, image analysis techniques and high pressure chromatography with electrochemical detection. Old age was accompanied by a marked increase in the density of noradrenergic innervation and an increase of noradrenaline levels in superior mesenteric artery, renal artery, and portal vein. In contrast, no significant age-related changes were observed in the density of noradrenergic innervation or in noradrenaline levels in superior mesenteric and renal vein. The present data indicate that, at least in superior mesenteric and renal artery and portal vein, senescence is not accompanied by loss or by lack of change in the noradrenergic innervation as commonly believed to be the case in many vascular trees. On the basis of our findings it cannot be excluded that increased plasma catecholamine levels observed in senescence derive, in part, from perivascular sympathetic endings. PMID- 3225381 TI - Hypogastric nerve activity to the feline bladder during slow filling. AB - Hypogastric efferent nerve activity was measured in cats anaesthetised with a continuous pentobarbitone infusion while the bladder was filled at a physiological rate. Pelvic efferent nerve recording was used to determine the end of the continence process. The point in the continence process at which non micturating contractions commenced was usually the point at which sympathetic nerve activity began to increase. By the time the continence process was half over, sympathetic nerve activity had increased from the resting level by 21%. There is disagreement about the role of the sympathetic innervation in the process of urine storage. In the present study, there appears to be significant sympathetic drive to the bladder for much of the continence process. PMID- 3225382 TI - Enteric neuron numbers and sizes in Auerbach's plexus in the small and large intestine of adult and aged rats. AB - Neurons in the myenteric plexus of Auerbach of the jejunum, ileum, colon and rectum in 6- and 24-month-old rats have been visualised by an enzyme histochemical method in laminar preparations of the muscularis externa. Neuron somata numbers and sizes were recorded in the preparations. Significant reductions, of at least 40%, in the numbers of neurons in the ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the 24-month animals were recorded in all regions of the intestine, especially in the colon where the neuron number decreased by over 60%. These figures do not take into account changes that might have occurred in the overall length of the intestine during adult life. Measurements of neuron sizes suggest that the neuronal fall-out with age affects all categories of neuron equally and implies that all the intrinsic neuronal systems of the gut could be equally affected in old age. PMID- 3225383 TI - Hypertension following intrathecal injection of cholinergic agonists in conscious rats: role of endogenous acetylcholine. AB - The spinal cord is capable of initiating a significant and long-lasting pressor response following intrathecal injection of cholinergic agonists in freely moving rats. The magnitude of the pressor response to the cholinesterase inhibitor, neostigmine, was greatest when the site of injection was restricted to the thoracic level. Intrathecal (i.t.) injection of neostigmine (1-10 micrograms) elicited a dose-related increase in mean arterial pressure of up to 45 mm Hg which remained elevated for almost 2 h. Significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was localized to the spinal cord, with the thoracic region exhibiting the greatest degree of inhibition. Also, depletion of spinal acetylcholine levels following i.t. injection of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) resulted in a significant reduction in the magnitude of the neostigmine-induced pressor response. Carbachol, a direct-acting cholinergic receptor agonist also increased mean arterial pressure following i.t. injection. However, the pressor response to carbachol was not reduced following HC-3. For both agonists, cardiovascular changes were accompanied by significant behavioral changes characterized by tremor, scratching, tail biting and chewing. The appearances of these behaviors following neostigmine injection were reduced in frequency and intensity in HC-3 pretreated animals. These findings demonstrate the ability of spinal cholinergic neurons to mediate a significant hypertensive response. The presence of marked behavioral changes accompanying the cardiovascular response suggests the possibility that cholinergic neurons may be part of an ascending spinal system. PMID- 3225384 TI - Distribution of [3H]deoxyglucose and [3H]dopamine in the adrenal medulla and nerve endings of the mouse. AB - Distribution of [3H]deoxyglucose- and [3H]dopamine-derived radioactivity in the mouse adrenal medulla and nerve endings in the capsule was examined by autoradiography. Nerve endings and medullary chromaffin cells exhibited an accumulation of [3H]dopamine but not [3H]deoxyglucose, indicating that their amine uptake system does not require high glucose consumption rate as is required to generate action potential. The study also indicated that uneven capacity in handling dopamine within a single type of chromaffin cell; peripheral cells incorporate more dopamine than those in the center, was not due to different rate of glucose utilization. PMID- 3225386 TI - Tourniquet usage for lower extremity procedures. PMID- 3225385 TI - Interactive effect of acetylcholine and norepinephrine on the sinoatrial node of the trained rat. AB - We examined the chronotropic influence of acetylcholine and norepinephrine, separately and in combination, on right atrial preparations from trained and sedentary rats. Atria from trained rats had a lower intrinsic rhythm, and a lower sinoatrial rhythm at low concentrations of acetylcholine and norepinephrine (10( 7) and 10(-8) M) than atria from sedentary animals. At higher concentrations, both groups achieved identical atrial rates. Training appears to modify intrinsic sinoatrial rate without affecting the responses of the pacemaker to either acetylcholine, norepinephrine, or their combination. PMID- 3225387 TI - Orientation of the first metatarsal base wedge osteotomy: perpendicular to the metatarsal versus weight-bearing surface. AB - Changes have been proposed in the orientation of the first metatarsal base closing abductory wedge osteotomy based on sound theoretical reasoning. The newer proposed method, utilizing an orientation of the osteotomy perpendicular to the weight-bearing surface, produces only pure transverse plane motion and no loss of ground contact by hinge axis mechanisms. In contrast, the traditional orientation of the osteotomy, perpendicular to the long axis of the metatarsal, produces extraneous frontal plane motion that results in loss of ground contact as the osteotomy site is closed. The presented study formulates a mathematical model to calculate the amount of loss of ground contact produced by the traditional osteotomy orientation. The values obtained from 168 calculations suggest far less clinical significance to the change than has been implied or stated previously. PMID- 3225388 TI - Anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome. AB - The pathogenesis, etiology, and diagnostic features of the anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome as it affects the foot are discussed in this manuscript. PMID- 3225389 TI - Use of the Excimer laser in fibrocartilaginous excision from adjacent bony stroma: a preliminary investigation. AB - Denuding cartilage from bone with an Excimer laser appears to be a precise operation in which the underlying bone is unpenetrated by the Excimer laser beam while the cartilage is completely ablated. The discovery of this property of the Excimer laser which allows the cartilage to be ablated precisely to the bone cartilage junction has exciting implications for fiberoptic arthroscopy. PMID- 3225390 TI - Chronic tenosynovitis of the tibialis posterior tendon and the use of tenography. AB - Tenosynovitis of the tibialis posterior tendon and the use of the tenogram is presented. The tenogram is used as a diagnostic aid in determining the etiology as well as the course of treatment of a symptomatic tibialis posterior tendon. Various treatments for tenosynovitis have also been described. PMID- 3225392 TI - Oblique osteotomy of the fifth metatarsal: a five year review. AB - A 5-year retrospective review of a nonfixated oblique osteotomy of the fifth metatarsal for repair of tailor's bunion was performed at the Podiatry Hospital of Pittsburgh. Subjective and objective analysis of 38 osteotomies were evaluated in 22 patients. Incidence of complications, transfer of lesions, and recurrence of the deformity were determined. Preoperative and 5-year postoperative radiographs were analyzed as to the effectiveness of this procedure in changing the intermetatarsal angle, lateral deviation angle, and the sagittal plane elevation of the fifth metatarsal head. While patient acceptance is high, the authors derive new conclusions regarding the overall effectiveness of this common podiatric procedure. PMID- 3225391 TI - Diabetic osteomyelitis: long-term attempts at salvage with eventual mortality. AB - Long-term complications of diabetes mellitus with respect to the lower extremities are well known to the podiatric profession. The author presents a case of a diabetic with multisystem pathology who underwent several salvage procedures for osteomyelitis and later expired from cardiovascular disease. The multi-system nature of diabetes necessitates a team approach in management of the acutely ill diabetic patient. PMID- 3225395 TI - Five year retrospective analysis of the autogenous tendon graft procedure for primary ankle repair and ankle stabilization. AB - A 5-year review regarding the autogenous tendon graft procedure using the peroneal tendons to repair acute ruptures of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments, and to correct chronic, unstable ankles is presented. The autogenous tendon graft has been used to limit excessive subtalar inversion in feet with mild-to-moderate calcaneal varus causing an unstable foot and ankle. This is achieved by placing the tendon graft perpendicular or distal to the vertical axis of the lateral malleolus at the calcaneofibular ligament site. PMID- 3225394 TI - Phalangeal fracture fragment. AB - Lesser digital fractures of the distal phalanx are generally healed by conservative methods. However, if, after splinting, the affected digit fails to relieve symptoms, surgical intervention may be indicated for definitive treatment. One of these case reports is presented. PMID- 3225397 TI - Awareness of congestive heart failure in the podiatric practice. AB - The authors review congestive heart failure and present a case report. The basic signs, symptoms, and treatment modalities are discussed in order to provide more complete knowledge of a condition commonly seen by the podiatrist. Interaction between the family physician and the podiatric physician create the necessary team to deal with cardiac decompensation. PMID- 3225396 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the foot. AB - The author describes a middle-aged female who sustained a leiomyosarcoma on the outer aspect of her right ankle. He reviews the different diagnostic aids in achieving the diagnosis, and analyzes various microscopic characteristics. The lesion is extremely rare in the foot and ankle. PMID- 3225393 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the peroneus longus tendon with fracture of the os peroneum. AB - Injuries of the peroneus longus and os peroneum are rarely reported. Two cases are presented, each occurring with an inversion stress and resultant audible snap. One patient sustained a complete spontaneous disruption of the peroneus longus with fracture of the os peroneum. This 64-year-old male was treated by excision of the proximal fracture fragment of the os peroneum and primary tendon repair. A 2-week prodrome of pain in the lateral aspect of the foot, preceded the rupture. Case 2, a 39-year-old female, was treated nonoperatively, and represents the clinical dilemma that may occur when the os peroneum is traumatized. It is emphasized that diagnosis of fracture of this ossicle can only be confirmed with operative excision and microscopic study. The authors recommend primary surgical treatment in those cases where continuity of the peroneus longus is disrupted. Where continuity is maintained, surgical exploration should be reserved for those cases that fail to respond to prolonged and intensive rehabilitation. Both patients regained full function and remain symptom free 11 and 10 months after treatment. PMID- 3225398 TI - Cross-sectional imaging of the foot: test of anatomical knowledge. PMID- 3225399 TI - Test of radiographic interpretation. PMID- 3225400 TI - Effect of cimetidine on maternal and fetal prolactin secretion during labor. AB - Cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, is a potent stimulant of PRL secretion in normal women. In the present study, the PRL response to cimetidine was studied in 34 normal pregnant women and their fetuses during labor. Serum maternal PRL levels increased significantly after the acute iv injection of 400 mg cimetidine 30-45 min before delivery (10 women) as compared to 7 control women given saline. However, PRL levels in serum of umbilical vein and artery did not increase. Similar results concerning PRL levels in umbilical vein and artery serum were obtained when cimetidine was injected 10-20 min (8 women), 60-75 min (8 women) and 90-120 min (8 women) before delivery. It is suggested that fetal pituitary lactotrops are not responsive to cimetidine stimulation. PMID- 3225403 TI - Clinical and technologic evaluation of ulnar wrist pain. PMID- 3225404 TI - The triple-injection wrist arthrogram. AB - The last 100 patients to have wrist arthrography at our institution had, in addition to the standard radiocarpal joint injection, injections into the distal radioulnar joint and midcarpal joint. Seventy-seven of the 100 patients had abnormal arthrograms. In 29 cases abnormalities not identified by the radiocarpal joint injection were demonstrated either by the distal radioulnar joint or the midcarpal joint injection. In 38 patients abnormalities shown by radiocarpal joint injection were not demonstrable by the other two injections. Seven detachments of the triangular fibrocartilage complex from the ulnar styloid could be demonstrated only by the distal radioulnar joint injection. The midcarpal joint injection was far more useful than the radiocarpal joint injection in the evaluation of radiocarpal joint-midcarpal joint communications. All three injections appear to be necessary for a complete arthrographic evaluation. PMID- 3225401 TI - Serum levels of the oncofetal antigens CA-125, CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 in patients with endometriosis. AB - The levels of the oncofetal antigens CA-125, CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 were measured in serum samples taken from 8 women, aged 21 to 37 yr, before treatment, during the last fifteen days of a 6-month administration of danazol and finally three months after treatment withdrawal. The purpose of the study was to investigate: i) whether endometriosis belongs to the pathologic conditions which induce a concomitant increase in the values of CA-125, CA 19-9 and CA 15-3, and ii) the effect of danazol on the levels of these antigens. Our results indicate that before danazol treatment, three women showed pathologic levels of all three antigens, one of CA 19-9 and CA 15-3, one of CA 19-9 alone, and two of CA 15-3 alone. Administration of the drug significantly reduced the levels of CA-125 (p less than 0.001) and CA 19-9 (p less than 0.05) and to a lesser degree the levels of CA 15-3. Three months after danazol treatment discontinuation, the levels of these three antigens remained significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than the respective pretreatment values. Our findings substantiate the view that endometriosis must be classified with the pathologic conditions which induce a rise in the levels of all three antigens, and that ovarian function mainly influences the levels of CA-125 and CA 19-9. PMID- 3225402 TI - A case with persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus following parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism. AB - A 25-year-old woman with persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) following parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism is described. NDI is a well recognized complication of primary hyperparathyroidism, generally imputed to hypercalcemia, and promptly reversible after correcting it. In our case, the impaired concentrating ability of the renal tubule was irreversible after the removal of the parathyroid adenoma and the correction of the hypercalcemia, presumptively due to the morphological irreversible changes in the kidney. In addition, hypercalciuria persisted and was the cause of a compensatory hyperparathyroidism. Treatment with thiazide diuretic was effective to decrease relative hypercalciuria, thus reversing the compensatory hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 3225405 TI - Role of radionuclide imaging in the evaluation of wrist pain. AB - The cause of hand and wrist pain can be difficult to determine, especially when standard radiographs are normal or show only nonspecific changes. This study reports the effectiveness of radionuclide imaging in the evaluation of patients with hand and wrist pain of uncertain cause. Eighty-eight patients with hand and wrist pain and initially normal standard radiographs were evaluated prospectively by additional radiographic methods including the following: routine tomography, wrist arthrography, computerized tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Each patient also had bone scintigraphy. The diagnosis established by clinical assessment and by other imaging methods was then compared with the scintigraphic findings. The presence or absence of focal scintigraphic abnormalities correlated with the presence or absence of focal pathology definable by the conventional methods in 88% of patients. As expected, scintigraphy was chiefly of value in defining the locus of an injury or other process in the wrist, rather than the nature of an abnormality. The scintigrams were abnormal in 95% of cases involving complete intrinsic ligament ruptures and fractures and were normal in 96% of patients with no definable injury. Scintigraphic findings correlated poorly with partial intrinsic ligament injuries and in cases of synovitis. Radionuclide imaging is a sensitive means of detecting focal lesions in patients with hand and wrist pain of unknown cause. PMID- 3225406 TI - An anatomic guide for arthroscopic visualization of the wrist capsular ligaments. AB - Wrist arthroscopy allows examination of the palmar capsular wrist ligaments without extensive exposure. Arthroscopic examination of the wrist requires an accurate knowledge of the ligamentous anatomy as seen from inside the joint. In this study 13 fresh cadaver wrists were examined from the inside out to provide a visual guide for ligament identification during arthroscopy. The major palmar capsular ligaments seen from the inside of the wrist at the radiocarpal joint include the radioscaphoid, radioscaphocapitate, radiolunate, radioscapholunate, ulnolunate, ulnotriquetral ligaments, and the ulnar capsule. At the midcarpal joint, the scaphocapitate, radioscaphocapitate, triquetrocapitate, and triquetrohamate ligaments are identified palmarly. Dorsally, constant capsular structures at the radiocarpal joint are the radiolunate and radioulnotriquetral ligaments along with a prominent synovial fold. PMID- 3225408 TI - Anomalous muscles of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. AB - Exertion-induced pain and swelling in the distal forearm and radial aspect of the wrist were seen in two patients. Exploration revealed an anomalous muscle belly extending into the first dorsal compartment in both cases--an anomaly that we believe has not been previously reported. Surgical release of the compartment resulted in complete relief of pain in both patients. PMID- 3225407 TI - Arthrographic surface anatomy of the carpal triangular fibrocartilage complex. AB - In a review of 364 radiocarpal and 123 distal radioulnar joint arthrograms we identified 44 (12%) patients with contrast defects at either the proximal or distal surface of the carpal triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). Differences in their arthrographic characteristics distinguished two separate groups of patients; one with similar and another with dissimilar appearing TFCC surface contrast collections. Thirty-one of our 44 patients had similar appearing, isolated radial-sided collections at either the proximal or distal TFCC surfaces. Our arthrographic, demographic, and historical study of these patients suggests that the collections are not caused by traumatic partial TFCC tears but represent a normal anatomic variant, probably a synovial recess at the radial TFCC attachment. Arthrography and dissection of a limited number of cadaveric specimens confirmed this conclusion. The second group included the remaining 13 patients. This group had contrast collections at either the proximal or distal TFCC surface, which varied in location and appearance. This smaller group is more likely to represent those uncommon patients with partial TFCC defects caused by tears. PMID- 3225409 TI - Intraoperative assessment of wrist extensor muscle force. AB - Surgical restoration of hand grasp in the patient with spinal cord injury at the sixth cervical level often involves use of one of the two radial wrist extensors. Because the loss of the remaining wrist function would be devastating, it is important to establish techniques for quantitatively predicting postoperative function before tendon transection. An in situ method has been developed for determining muscle strength during tendon transfer surgery. Buckle transducers are placed on the tendons of the extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus for simultaneous measurement of strength of each individual muscle during voluntary and/or electrically stimulated extension of the wrist. The measured strength of the extensor carpi radialis brevis is examined to determine whether sufficient wrist extension torque would remain if the long wrist extensor is transferred. This technique allows accurate measurement of the force developed in any voluntarily activated muscle that has a long tendon of insertion. PMID- 3225411 TI - Flexor tendon ruptures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - One hundred fifteen flexor tendon ruptures were reviewed in 43 hands with rheumatoid arthritis, one hand with psoriatic arthritis, and one hand with lupus erythematosis. Ninety-one tendons were ruptured at the wrist, four ruptures occurred at the palm, and 20 ruptures occurred within the digits. At the wrist level, 61 ruptures were caused by attrition on a bone spur and 30 were caused by direct invasion of the tendon by tenosynovium. All ruptures distal to the wrist were caused by invasion of the tendon by tenosynovium. Patients whose ruptures were caused by attrition regained better motion than those whose ruptures were caused by invasion by tenosynovitis; however, motion overall was poor. Patients with isolated ruptures in the palm or at the wrist had the best functional results. Those patients with multiple ruptures within the carpal canal had a worse prognosis. Ruptures of both tendons within the fibro-osseous canal had the worst prognosis. The severity of the patient's disease and the degree of articular involvement had a great effect on the outcome of surgery. Prevention of tendon ruptures by early tenosynovectomy and removal of bone spurs should be the cornerstone of treatment. PMID- 3225410 TI - Triscaphoid arthrodesis and its complications. AB - Carpal instability and/or arthrosis of the scaphotrapezial joint were treated with scaphotrapezio-trapezoid arthrodesis in 19 hands. Healing failed primarily in five hands as determined by conventional or computed tomography. No correlation was found to surgical methods or immobilization time. Surgical revision had to be done for four of the nonunions. These complications do not correspond to those described in the literature but draw attention to some adversities encountered in the use of this method. PMID- 3225414 TI - Arthrodesis of digital joints in children. AB - Many procedures have been described for treatment of unstable, deformed, or painful digital joints; most of these are various types of arthrodeses. These procedures have not been applied to children who have an open epiphysis for fear of damage to the growth plate. This study evaluates an arthrodesis technique that can be used for digital joint instability or deformity in skeletally immature patients. The diagnosis in most of the children in this series was related to non traumatic congenital or developmental conditions. The joint most often fused was the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint. Results show a high rate of fusion with no interference in digital growth. Complications were minimal. PMID- 3225413 TI - Cigarette smoking and Dupuytren's contracture of the hand. AB - Microvascular occlusion has been implicated as a possible causative factor of Dupuytren's contracture. Cigarette smoking is one of the most significant factors in the development of peripheral vasculopathy. The relationship between smoking and Dupuytren's contracture of the hand is explored in this article. One hundred thirty-two consecutive patients who had a partial fasciectomy for treatment of Dupuytren's contracture from 1980 to 1985, were analyzed retrospectively. There were 111 males and 21 females. Ninety (68.2%) of 132 patients smoked cigarettes compared with 110 (37.2%) of 296 randomized hospitalized control patients (p less than 0.00001). Eighty (72.1%) of 111 men smoked cigarettes compared with 65 (44.2%) of 147 male control patients (p = 0.000015). Cigarette smoking is linked statistically to Dupuytren's disease and may be involved in its pathogenesis by producing microvascular occlusion and subsequent fibrosis and contracture or by some other mechanism. PMID- 3225412 TI - Prostaglandins influence myofibroblast contractility in Dupuytren's disease. AB - This study investigated if the vasoactive prostaglandins, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha, were identifiable in association with nodular myofibroblasts of patients with Dupuytren's disease. Immunocytochemic studies, using antibodies specific for these prostaglandins, have confirmed their association with myofibroblasts. Radioimmunoassay was used to quantitate the prostaglandins. Our results indicate a significant increase of both prostaglandins, especially PGF2 alpha, in Dupuytren's palmar fascia when compared with control fascia. These endogenous prostaglandins may influence the contractile behavior of myofibroblasts in Dupuytren's disease to contribute to the pathobiology of this disorder. PMID- 3225415 TI - Different manifestations of hyperphalangism. AB - Hyperphalangism, characterized by an extra phalanx between the phalanges of a finger is a rare congenital anomaly. Five cases show some of the different manifestations of this rare congenital anomaly. Brachyhyperphalangism can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with good penetrance, but can also simply be one manifestation of a group of congenital abnormalities. PMID- 3225416 TI - New finger cuffs for use with digital tourniquets. AB - The advent of tourniquets employing digital technology has led to significant improvements in the safety and accuracy of surgical procedures performed with an occlusive cuff applied proximally on a limb. This article describes the evaluation of new cuffs used on fingers that may permit significantly lower pressures to be more safely and consistently employed. Our experimental studies would suggest that finger occlusion pressure is a function of cuff design, cuff width, finger circumference, and systolic blood pressure. PMID- 3225417 TI - Technical factors related to Herbert screw fixation. AB - We reviewed 24 patients treated for an acute fracture or a nonunion of the scaphoid bone using the Herbert screw. Mean follow-up in 22 patients who returned for examination was 17 months. The overall union rate was 67% for both acute fractures and nonunions. Fracture healing correlated strongly with technical factors of the procedure. The fracture failed to heal in seven of nine cases with poor scaphoid realignment, inaccurate jig placement, or improper screw length for a nonunion rate of 78%. Conversely, without these technical problems, 14 (93%) of 16 fractures achieved union. Applying Herbert's criteria, a satisfactory rating for clinical function was achieved in 59% of all patients and for patient satisfaction in 68% of all patients. Although the postoperative immobilization period was reduced using the screw, the final functional result in our nonunions was similar to that reported for the Russe bone grafting procedure. Appropriate modifications of the standard technique and recognition of equipment limitations may improve union rates. PMID- 3225419 TI - Osteochondrosis of the fourth metacarpal head after closed trauma. AB - A rare case of osteochondrosis of the fourth metacarpal head after blunt trauma to the hand is presented. Follow-up at 2 years showed mild residual deformity both clinically and radiographically, but the child was asymptomatic. The cause of this condition is unknown, but it appears to be one of the few osteochondroses related to a single episode of direct trauma. PMID- 3225418 TI - Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica at the metacarpophalangeal joint. AB - Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH) or Trevor's disease is a rare developmental disorder of asymmetric epiphyseal cartilage overgrowth accompanied by an accessory, epiphyseal ossification center. No published reports exist of metacarpal or phalangeal DEH. We report a case of bilateral DEH of the index finger: right-sided distal index metacarpal and left-sided index proximal phalanx. Both were surgically corrected with excision of the accessory ossification center; a transepiphyseal cartilaginous wedge was excised, and the articular surface was maintained. Follow-up shows maintenance of alignment without recurrence at 12 and 18 months after operation. PMID- 3225420 TI - Subperiosteal osteoid osteoma of the distal phalanx of the thumb. AB - Osteoid osteomas have been subgrouped into subperiosteal, cancellous, and cortical. The occurrence of subperiosteal osteoid osteoma of the hand is rare. The location in the distal phalanx of the thumb has not been described. The case reported illustrates the unusual presentation and radiographic features of subperiosteal osteoid osteoma. PMID- 3225422 TI - St. Clair Strange procedure: indications, technique, and long-term evaluation. AB - The pedicled ulnar nerve transfer (St. Clair Strange procedure) preserves the intrinsic blood supply to the transferred nerve and allows bridging of large defects in avascular, scarred wounds. We report our indications for this operation, describe the two operative stages, and report the results in seven patients. After operation progressive median nerve axonal growth in a proximal direction up the ulnar nerve was shown by a median nerve Tinel's sign. Five patients followed for a mean of 10 years achieved protective sensibility in the median nerve distribution. In two of the three patients in whom distal nerve repair was done to the median and ulnar nerve, protective sensibility also returned to the ulnar digits. Localization, stereognoses, and vibratory response was achieved in the majority of digits. All patients had active use of the hand, but none had meaningful two-point discrimination. No changes were found after a superficial radial nerve block excluded any radial nerve contribution. No intrinsic motor functional return was noted. Two patients are currently being followed. PMID- 3225421 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome associated with extra tunnel vascular compression of the median nerve motor branch. AB - We report a case of carpal tunnel syndrome associated with median nerve motor branch compression by a large superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. PMID- 3225424 TI - Extravasation of phenytoin in the hand. AB - A case of subcutaneous phenytoin extravasation in the hand is reported. Treatment consisting of compressive dressing, elevation, and splinting was successful in restoring hand function. PMID- 3225423 TI - A comparison of nerve regeneration across a sural nerve graft and a vascularized pseudosheath. AB - Nerve regeneration across a vascularized pseudosheath and a sural nerve graft was compared in a primate model using histologic and electrophysiologic parameters for regeneration. At 12 months, regeneration was noted across both the vascularized pseudosheath and the sural nerve graft. Although histologic and electrophysiologic properties of the regenerated nerve were significantly different from the normal ulnar nerve, the quality of regeneration noted between experimental groups was similar. PMID- 3225425 TI - Treatment of experimental frostbite with urokinase. AB - An experimental model of frostbite using a standard cold injury in rats was used to test the therapeutic usefulness of the fibrinolytic agent urokinase. Control groups included rapid rewarming, slow rewarming, and slow rewarming followed by saline infusion. Urokinase was administered through an intra-arterial catheter 30 minutes after cold injury and slow rewarming. Optimum results were obtained with rapid rewarming of the extremity at 43 degrees C. However, with rewarming at room temperature eventual tissue loss was significantly decreased with the infusion of urokinase compared with either no treatment or saline infusion. In the clinical situation where the patient with frostbite is seen after slow rewarming, we believe that clinical trials of the use of a fibrinolytic agent are warranted. PMID- 3225426 TI - Toxic shock syndrome after a human bite to the hand. AB - The first known case of toxic shock syndrome resulting from a human bite is reported. An awareness of the presenting features and clinical manifestations are needed in the early recognition and intensive medical management of this life threatening condition. PMID- 3225427 TI - Efficacy of perioperative cefamandole with postoperative cephalexin in the primary outpatient treatment of open wounds of the hand. AB - Eighty-seven patients participated in a prospective, double-blind, clinical study to determine the efficacy of preventive antibiotics in the management of common open traumatic hand wounds ranging in severity from single nail bed injuries with open fractures to moderately contaminated wounds involving tendon, bone, joint, and neurovascular structures. Under current medical practice, these wounds would be treated with antibiotics. Thirty-nine patients received intravenous cefamandole and oral cephalexin and 48 received intravenously and orally administered placebo. With an overall infection rate of 1.1%, there were no infections in the antibiotics group and only one (2.1%) infection in the placebo group. Aerobic cultures from 97 similar wounds were 53.6% positive predebridement and 50.5% positive postdebridement. There was no significant difference in rates of infection or imperfect wound healing between the two groups. The preventive antibiotics administered were not necessary in treating these wounds when accompanied by debridement, irrigation, and rapid primary repair in an operating room environment. PMID- 3225428 TI - Flow characteristics of admixed erythrocytes through medex tubing with a pall filter. AB - Resuscitation with fluid and blood components is the mainstay of therapy for hypovolemic patients. This study evaluated the flow rate and resultant temperature of 6 degrees C erythrocytes admixed with warmed saline passing through a new commercial large bore tubing. The tubing is 183 cm long and is 0.57 cm in diameter. The effect on the outflow fluid temperature when catheters of various sizes were added to the system distally was also assessed. The admixed solution temperature averaged 36.2 degrees C and the outflow temperature of the mixture from the distal tubing averaged 34.9 degrees C. There was an average drop in temperature over the length of the tube of 1.5 degrees C. The filter in the Medex Hi-Flow Trauma Quad system collapsed, severely restricting fluid flow, after only four units. The problem of filter clogging was overcome by the in-line addition of a Pall filter. Addition of this in-line filter had a negligible effect on the flow rate. The flow rate with the Pall filter in-line averaged 1,150 mL/min. As the catheters that were added distally to the system diminished in size, there was a predictable decrease in the admixed fluid flow rate. A warmed saline-erythrocyte solution may be very rapidly infused through commercial large-bore tubing modified with an in-line filter. The size of the catheters used determines the ultimate flow rate. PMID- 3225429 TI - Isotretinoin ingestion in a pediatric patient. AB - Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) is an oral synthetic vitamin A derivative used for control of acne and a variety of other dermatologic conditions. The case of a 21 month old child who accidentally ingested an estimated 1120 mg (63.3 mg/kg) of isotretinoin is presented. The patient demonstrated only minor immediate effects, consisting of facial flushing, and mild tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypertension, all of which resolved over 24 hours. The patient had no subsequent adverse long-term effects from the ingestion. This is the first reported ingestion of isotretinoin in a child. Short term sequelae have not been reported; long-term administration of isotretinoin may cause multiple and potentially severe reactions. PMID- 3225430 TI - Rewarming by hemodialysis for hypothermia: failure of heparin to prevent DIC. AB - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an infrequent but known complication of hypothermic injury. Previous work with a dog model had indicated that DIC could be prevented if the animals were treated with heparin prior to rewarming. We report here the case of a young man treated with core rewarming by hemodialysis who developed DIC despite the use of heparin during dialysis. PMID- 3225431 TI - Blunt carotid artery trauma: a case report. AB - Blunt carotid artery trauma represents only 3% of all carotid artery injuries, but 42% of reported cases have been associated with severe neurologic deficits. We present a case of blunt injury to the right internal carotid artery with subsequent thrombosis and neurologic deficit. Computed tomography (CT) of the head without contrast was normal, a finding that emphasizes the importance of obtaining carotid arteriograms in any patient with a focal neurologic deficit but a normal CT of the head. We review the incidence, mechanism, presentation, and treatment of blunt carotid injuries. We also stress the importance of observing for blunt carotid injuries in the patient with blunt cervical trauma in order to allow earlier intervention, since patient outcome is dependent on that early recognition and intervention. PMID- 3225433 TI - Ammonium nitrate cold pack ingestion. AB - Disposable ammonium nitrate cold packs are widely used in emergency departments instead of ice bags. Five confused or suicidal patients who tore open a pack and ingested from 64 to 234 grams of ammonium nitrate in a single dose, and another patient who attempted to do so, are reported. It is known that chronic ingestion of 6 to 12 grams/day of ammonium nitrate may cause gastritis, acidosis, isosmotic diuresis, and nitrite toxicity manifesting as methemoglobinemia or vasodilatation. None of these patients developed severe toxicity, although three had symptoms of gastritis, three had slight methemoglobinemia, and two had mild hypotension. The product was removed from the stomach promptly in three of the five patients. None had pre-existing renal or intestinal dysfunction, which are known to enhance ammonium nitrate toxicity. PMID- 3225432 TI - Purulent osteomyelitis associated with empyema and toxic shock syndrome. AB - This is a report on purulent osteomyelitis associated with empyema and toxic shock syndrome. In China, this syndrome is still very rare. A review of recent research on toxic shock syndrome is included. PMID- 3225434 TI - Massive ethylene glycol poisoning without evidence of crystalluria: a case for early intervention. AB - A case of severe ethylene glycol poisoning is presented, characterized by protracted delirium, coma, and delayed adult respiratory distress syndrome. This patient never demonstrated evidence of calcium oxalate crystalluria or renal insufficiency. Ethylene glycol intoxication should be considered in the patient who presents with an altered mental status, unexplained metabolic acidosis, and elevated anion and osmolal gaps with or without crystalluria. Early empiric ethanol therapy and consideration of dialysis are recommended for those patients with such a presentation without evidence of abnormal levels of ketones, lactate, salicylate, or ethanol. It is proposed that early ethanol therapy may prevent the formation of ethylene glycol metabolites to the extent that calcium oxalate crystalluria is not seen. PMID- 3225436 TI - Cricothyrotomy. AB - Cricothyrotomy is a simple and safe method for obtaining airway control during situations in which endotracheal intubation is difficult or contraindicated. Cricothyrotomy can be a lifesaving procedure. It can be done quickly in emergency situations by nonsurgeons with a minimum of necessary equipment and without requiring an operating room. The anatomy, specific techniques or procedure, indications and contraindications, and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed. PMID- 3225435 TI - The electrocardiographic manifestations of pulmonary embolism. AB - The electrocardiographic manifestations of pulmonary embolism include rhythm and condition disturbances and changes in the P wave, QRS complex, or T wave. Since these abnormalities are highly variable and frequently transient, they lack the sensitivity necessary to establish the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The electrocardiogram may rise the suspicion of pulmonary embolism, but other diagnostic tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 3225437 TI - Prehospital emergency services and health maintenance organizations: an HMO perspective. AB - Described is the emergency triage referral system developed by a health maintenance organization. Based in an emergency department and staffed by emergency clinicians, this HMO triage system uses existing emergency medical services and enhances the delivery of prehospital care. PMID- 3225438 TI - The perpetual enigma. PMID- 3225439 TI - Diuresis at 30,000 feet. PMID- 3225440 TI - Ketoacidosis and isopropyl alcohol. PMID- 3225441 TI - The Taser: research, patients, and language (Tom Swift found) PMID- 3225443 TI - Limitations of chest pain follow-up from an urban teaching hospital emergency department. AB - Close outpatient follow-up of chest pain patients released from the emergency department (ED) has been suggested as an important means of detecting atypical presentations of cardiac ischemia. Urban teaching hospital patient populations often have limited private physician follow-up options and rely upon standard teaching hospital clinic systems. We analyzed the follow-up of 318 patients 30 or more years of age with nontraumatic chest pain released from the ED of a large urban teaching hospital. The planned disposition of the released patients was as follows: a medical clinic (136), another clinic or a private physician (76), or ED "as needed" (98); in addition, some patients left against medical advice (AMA) (8). The medical clinics received only 38% (51/136) of planned referrals. No subsequent record could be found for 13% (17/136) of referred patients. Only 17% (23/136) of referred patients were reevaluated within seven days. Two of the patients referred to medical clinics were admitted to the hospital within 24 hours for unstable angina and another was admitted from a medical clinic 16 days after ED evaluation with an acute myocardial infarction. Of patients with ED follow-up "as needed," one patient required admission for unstable angina 27 days after ED evaluation. Of the patients who left AMA, only two were reevaluated within 30 days. These findings suggest that specific measures to enhance follow up must be instituted at urban teaching hospitals if chest pain patients are to be closely followed after ED release. PMID- 3225442 TI - Prehospital care and the HMO. PMID- 3225445 TI - Scalp lacerations resulting in hemorrhagic shock: case reports and recommended management. AB - Scalp lacerations may bleed profusely when not adequately controlled. Three cases of isolated scalp lacerations that resulted in hemorrhagic shock are reported. A technique for achieving hemostasis using scalp clips is presented. Rapid assessment and early hemostasis of scalp lacerations are advocated, especially in the patient with multiple injuries. PMID- 3225444 TI - Temporary blindness associated with traumatic asphyxia. AB - Traumatic asphyxia is an uncommon syndrome of craniocervical cyanosis, facial petechiae, and subconjunctival hemorrhages following severe crush injury to the thorax. Ocular manifestations of the syndrome have rarely been reported. A 42 year-old male sustained temporary blindness in association with traumatic asphyxia. Completely normal vision returned within 24 hours of injury. The pathogenesis of this unique finding probably involves transient retinal vein hypertension and reflex vasospasm in the retina. PMID- 3225446 TI - Greenstick fracture of the forearm with median nerve entrapment. AB - A case of bony median nerve entrapment is presented. Roentgenograms of a greenstick fracture without dislocation lured the examiner to ignore sensory deficit. Finally, delayed surgical exploration revealed complete nerve entrapment. A nerve graft was performed to reduce the functional loss. PMID- 3225447 TI - Hemotympanums secondary to spontaneous epistaxis. AB - Three cases of hemotympanum that resulted from spontaneous, atraumatic epistaxis are presented. Hemotympanum is a well known physical finding associated with traumatic basilar skull fractures but has not been reported to follow spontaneous nose bleeds that have not been previously treated with nasal packing. A discussion of epistaxis and hemotympanum is presented, and their implication for emergency physicians is discussed. PMID- 3225448 TI - Spinal epidural abscess. AB - We present three cases of spinal epidural abscess. Initial presentation of localized spinal pain and tenderness along with fever should lead one to suspect the diagnosis. An emergency myelography and prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics is necessary to prevent catastrophic neurologic deficit. PMID- 3225449 TI - Fatal lead encephalopathy following foreign body ingestion: case report. AB - A 23-month-old female child presented to an emergency department with a mild, nonspecific gastrointestinal illness and periodic fussiness and irritability; the initial physical examination was nonfocal and nondiagnostic. Rapid decompensation quickly ensued. Postmortem examination of hematologic laboratory data and reevaluation of radiographs showed a metallic foreign body in the stomach. Diagnosis of rapidly fatal lead encephalopathy was confirmed by finding toxic serum lead and elevated delta-aminolevulinic (ALA) levels in postmortem blood. PMID- 3225450 TI - The ECG in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The initial ECG is the most rapid and readily available tool in the emergency department for the evaluation of patients presenting with suspected myocardial infarction. However, studies have shown that the initial ECG is diagnostic of acute myocardial infarction in only a minority of patients. This paper discusses the importance of the initial ECG and other information in aiding the disposition of patients with suspected myocardial infarction. Classic electrocardiographic descriptions are discussed as well as the newer terminology of Q wave versus non Q wave infarction and ST segment versus T wave infarction. A brief review is made of the electrophysiology of the ECG changes seen in myocardial infarction. Finally, clinical studies are presented that establish a definite role for the use of the initial ECG. PMID- 3225451 TI - An unusual cause of an acute surgical abdomen. PMID- 3225452 TI - The emergency patient follow-up: is noncompliance changeable or immutable? PMID- 3225454 TI - The academics of emergency medicine. PMID- 3225453 TI - Acute myocardial infarction. The clock is ticking... PMID- 3225455 TI - A medical Spanish curriculum. PMID- 3225457 TI - On the effectiveness of intraosseous infusion. PMID- 3225458 TI - Dress, style, and respect. PMID- 3225456 TI - Dumping or work aversion? PMID- 3225459 TI - Allocation of time in three academic specialties. AB - A survey was done to: 1) characterize the allocation and distribution of time by tenure track emergency physicians, and 2) compare the time distribution of emergency physicians to two other academic disciplines. All emergency medicine residency programs were surveyed by telephone to determine if faculty were eligible for tenure and if tenure was available, how many hours per week were spent on clinical duties, research, and administrative tasks. Similar information was compiled from cardiology and orthopedic surgery faculty at the same universities. Data from the survey revealed that a tenure track assistant professor spends 23 hours (46%) working clinical shifts in the emergency department; 11 hours (20%) doing research and 18 hours (34%) in administrative tasks. In contrast, cardiologists spend significantly more time in clinical duties (32 hours) and research (18 hours). However, cardiologists spend significantly less time in administrative duties (10 hours). Data for orthopedic surgeons show a similar pattern. Distributions within each academic discipline were also analyzed and a significant difference in research time was found between four tenure track emergency medicine programs and the other eighteen. Data from this survey may help academic emergency physicians evaluate how they are allocating their time in comparison to other busy clinical specialties. PMID- 3225460 TI - Development, implementation, and evaluation of a medical Spanish curriculum for an emergency medicine residency program. AB - A 45-hour medical Spanish curriculum for an emergency medicine residency program was implemented in response to a need for "functionally bilingual" physicians in our practice setting, and to reduce reliance on translation assistance from nursing and clerical personnel. Course goals were to achieve a vocabulary level of 5,000-10,000 words for participants, and to achieve sufficient language capabilities for basic information exchange, obtaining uncomplicated medical histories, conducting unassisted physical examinations, and giving patient discharge instructions. Feedback obtained from post course interviews and instructor assessment indicated that the curriculum employed resulted in the attainment of the above goals for fully participating physicians. PMID- 3225462 TI - Patient transfers to a public hospital. AB - This is a study of interhospital patient transfers to a medium-sized county sponsored hospital. During the three-month period studied, there were 416 patients who met the study criteria. Thirty-eight (9%) of the patients were transferred because the county hospital offered a higher level of medical care or medical services not available at the presenting facility, while the remaining 378 (91%) were transferred because of their health insurance status. Two hundred and ninety-six patients (71%) had no medical insurance of any kind, 117 (28%) had government sponsored health insurance, and three (1%) had private insurance. Of these transferred patients, 32 (8%) arrived in a medically unstable condition and one patient died shortly after suffering a respiratory arrest en route. It is concluded that interhospital transfer of underinsured or uninsured patients may represent a significant risk to patients. PMID- 3225461 TI - The correction of interhospital "dumping" by legislation. AB - This paper analyzes three years' accumulation of interhospital transfers to the emergency department of University Medical Center in Las Vegas. Seventy-nine percent of the 1,672 patients were classified as inappropriate transfers. The collection rate indicates bad debt write-off charges of approximately one million dollars a year. The Nevada Legislature passed bill AB 289 during the 1987 legislative session, which became effective July 1, 1987. Transfer information shows inappropriate transfers to UMC have been eliminated by this legislation. This paper demonstrates the importance and necessity of being able to control the financial "dumping syndrome." PMID- 3225463 TI - A near miss. PMID- 3225464 TI - Infection control and emergency care. PMID- 3225466 TI - The private practice of infectious diseases--a current assessment. PMID- 3225465 TI - APACHE II update. PMID- 3225468 TI - Surgical asepsis in labor and delivery. PMID- 3225467 TI - Documentation and evaluation of fevers in hospital-based and community-based nursing homes. AB - We reviewed clinical evaluation practices and documentation of fever (greater than or equal to 100.2 degrees F) in all febrile patients over a two-month period in a hospital-based nursing home (HBNH) compared with a community-based nursing home (CBNH). Results showed 38 febrile (mean 101.9 degrees F) HBNH patients and 26 febrile (mean 101.5 degrees F) CBNH patients. Median time from fever onset to physician contact was 4 hours in HBNH and 12.5 hours in CBNH episodes (P less than 0.01). Laboratory studies were initially performed in 68% of HBNH and 31% of CBNH episodes (P less than 0.005), and diagnosis of fever source was documented in 76% of HBNH and 16% of CBNH episodes (P less than 0.005). Overall assessment stratification showed 81% febrile HBNH patients had both evaluation and therapy performed compared with 38% in CBNH (P less than 0.0001); 39% of febrile CBNH patients had no evaluation or therapy performed. Results indicate lack of documentation, and fever evaluation in CBNHs may preclude complete detection of nursing home-acquired infections and thereby hamper preventive responses to potential infection problems. PMID- 3225469 TI - Surgeon-specific infection rates. PMID- 3225470 TI - Informed consent. PMID- 3225471 TI - Infectious waste management--will science prevail? PMID- 3225472 TI - Factitious meningitis: a recurring problem. AB - Although gram-negative meningitis is rare in our hospital, between July, 1982 and July, 1983 clusters of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) smears were reported positive for gram-negative bacilli. Fourteen specimens were obtained by diagnostic lumbar punctures, and one was obtained during a myelogram. No CSF cultures were positive, and a diagnosis of factitious meningitis was eventually established for each patient. Nonviable gram-negative bacilli were found in 6.7% of manometers, and 23.3% to 90% of the specimen tubes tested from the same lots of commercial lumbar puncture trays. It was estimated that there were between 44 and 333 organisms per specimen tube. Two lots of the commercial myelogram trays yielded nonviable gram-negative bacilli from 50% of the specimen tubes and 33.3% of the manometers tested. Retrospective review of laboratory records for 1982 and 1983 revealed 23 total CSF smears positive for gram-negative bacilli. No CSF grew gram negative bacilli, and chart reviews confirmed a diagnosis of factitious meningitis in each case. In addition to the clusters of false-positive smears, this had occurred sporadically in both years. The problem did not recur after separate sterile tubes were provided for CSF collection. Physicians and laboratories should be aware that nonviable contaminants in commercial products may be a source of false-positive CSF gram-stained smears. PMID- 3225473 TI - Biological indicators. PMID- 3225474 TI - Evolution of the infectious diseases practitioner. PMID- 3225475 TI - Nodulous corpuscles and mitochondrial inclusions in Sertoli cells of deer hybrids. AB - Unusual transformations of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were identified in the Sertoli cells of deer hybrids. A portion of the mitochondrial population was converted from the common, flexible mitochondrial form into stiff rods, with an increased volume of the matrix and relative paucity of cristae. The matrix displayed arrays of tubuloid elements or percursors at various stages of assembly. The second and more conspicuous adaptation concerned the agranular endoplasmic reticulum, which frequently transformed into oval or elongate, often interconnected bodies. These bodies consisted of a dozen or more concentrically arranged fenestrated cisternae and a variable amount of glycogen in between. An integral and distinctive feature of the cisternous bodies was nodes, together constituting the so-called nodulous corpuscles (NC). The nodes appeared as a dense meshwork or lattice, which has the potential to generate a new set of cisternae and NC that interconnect into a chain or tridimensional complex. The course of NC evolution from precursors to mature complexes is proposed. Both organelle adaptations occurred independently and in only Sertoli cells. They are believed to be a product of hybridization in deer. PMID- 3225476 TI - Ultrastructure and function of thrombocytes in a family with congenital bleeding tendency. AB - Freshly isolated blood from controls and from three members of a family with congenital bleeding tendency were examined with respect to ultrastructure of platelets. The fixation protocol, which included tannic acid, permitted the visualization of substructures in the marginal bundle. Whereas nearly all platelets from the controls had a discoid shape, those from one of the patients (mother of the other two cases) were mostly flat or else roundish with two or three marginal bundles in different orientations. One portion of the thrombocyte fraction of each person was briefly exposed to adenosine diphosphate in order to activate the platelets and thereby to induce shape changes. Most platelets from the controls reacted as expected by rounding up and by projecting some pseudopods. A certain percentage (between 10 and 20%) of the microtubules in these activated platelets had 14 or even 15 protofilaments. The platelets from patients (and in particular the mother) either reacted by an abnormal bulging of the cytoplasm or did not react visibly at all. The microtubules retained their 13 subunit composition or in the abnormally reacted ones often had an open C-shaped cross-sectional profile. The bleeding tendency in this family might be due to a defect in the cytoskeleton of the platelet making it unable to react properly to stimuli. PMID- 3225477 TI - Comparative ultrastructural localization of collagen types III, IV, VI and laminin in rat uterus and kidney. AB - Antibodies against collagen types III and VI have been localized by electron immunohistochemistry with two different techniques in normal rat uterus and kidney. Antibodies directed against two components of the extracellular matrix with known localization, laminin and type IV collagen, were used as controls for the specificity of the localization. The results demonstrate that types III and VI are found in the interstitium as fine (10- to 15-nm), beaded fibrils and filaments (6- to 10-nm), respectively. Both are often found associated with thick, crossbanded type I collagen fibers (30- to 35-nm) and occasionally associated with some basement membranes adjacent to the interstitium. Further, the findings suggest that collagens III and VI may connect the various components of the extracellular matrix, such as type I fibers with basement membranes and other structures, thus forming an integrated functional unit. PMID- 3225478 TI - Functional significance of intermediate filament meshwork in annelid helical muscles. AB - A desmin-like protein of mol wt 54 kDa was identified in the body wall muscles of some Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea utilizing SDS-PAGE followed by blot and screening with a vertebrate anti-desmin antibody. The pattern in immunofluorescence is compared to electron micrographs where several bundles of filamentous structures are clearly identifiable. These bundles are unevenly arranged in round or flattened circomyarian fibers and sometimes clearly connect Z elements with hemidesmosomes. The mechanism of intermediate filaments as a functional integration in muscle fibers is analyzed and a possible role as a block to superelongation typical of helical muscles is discussed. PMID- 3225481 TI - [Immunohistochemical studies on epidermal growth factor receptor in experimental squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix of mice]. AB - The tissue localization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in experimental squamous cell carcinoma of the mouse uterine cervix was examined immunohistochemically. Carcinoma was induced by the insertion of a 20 methylcholanthrene (MC)-impregnated thread into the cervical canal of the mouse. Tissue sections (of normal columnar epithelium, proliferation, atypical proliferation, early invasive carcinoma, invasive carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma) were stained by the avidin/biotin immunoperoxidase technique using anti-EGF-R monoclonal antibody. Normal columnar epithelium was negative for EGF R, whereas proliferation was partly positive. The lesions of atypical proliferation and early invasive carcinoma had a positive staining for EGF-R. The staining for EGF-R declined in the lesion of invasive carcinoma. Metastatic carcinoma was not stained for EGF-R. These results suggest that EGF-R may play an important role in the early stage of carcinogenesis of the mouse uterine cervix induced by 20-MC. PMID- 3225480 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: its clinical aspects and problems in the postoperative staging system]. AB - Clinical features of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube were studied in 13 patients treated in Osaka National Hospital between 1961 and 1987. The relationship between clinical staging and prognosis in each patient is discussed. The incidence of this disease among all cases of malignant tumor in the gynecological department during the same 27-year period was 0.18%. The mean age of the patients was 50.7 years. Twelve patients (92%) were within the age range from 41 to 59 years, the most common age of onset. Six patients (46%) were nulligravida and 9 (69%) were nulliparous, suggesting infertility as a possible important risk factor for the disease. None of the six who underwent cervical cytodiagnosis showed tumor cells. Three were positive for cytodiagnosis by aspiration biopsy. The concomitant use of many drugs, including CDDP given postoperatively to 2 patients with advanced disease, was markedly effective. The radiotherapy carried out in 4 patients was ineffective. When the patients were staged according to the classifications of Dodson et al. and Schiller et al., there was no difference between these classifications in advanced cases. However, Dodson et al.'s classification was considered unsuitable for patients with early stage cancerous lesions localized in the fallopian tube, while that of Schiller et al. was considered to be superior in evaluating prognosis. PMID- 3225479 TI - The projection structure of alpha-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus in human platelet membranes as analyzed by electron microscopy and image processing. AB - Most strains of Staphylococcus aureus produce alpha-toxin, a 33-kDa membrane active protein which is considered to be an important virulence factor of this bacterium. When alpha-toxin interacts with membranes an oligomeric from of the toxin can be seen by electron microscopy as characteristic ring structures in the membrane. A two-dimensional study of these annular structures, incorporated in membranes of human platelets, was performed, introducing a partly new method for rotational alignment of individual particles. It is shown that the averaged oligomer consists of six subunits. At neutral pH the outer diameter of the ring is about 75 A. The stain-filled pore or cavity in the center has a diameter of about 25 A. The size of the hexamer is increased if the pH is lowered. PMID- 3225483 TI - [The effect of amniocentesis on pregnancy prolongation in patients of threatened premature labor with intact membranes]. AB - The effects of amniocentesis on the prolongation of the gestational period was retrospectively reviewed in patients, in premature labor with intact membranes between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Amniocentesis was performed on 55 patients (study group) to evaluate fetal lung maturity and to detect subclinical intraamniotic infection, while the remaining 170 patients (control group) did not receive this procedure. Isoxsuprine was used as the primary tocolytic agent in all the patients. There was no difference in the incidence of spontaneous rupture of the membranes during tocolysis (3/55 vs. 7/170), cesarean deliveries (3/55 vs. 10/170), and adjunctive use of magnesium sulfate with isoxsuprine (11/55 vs. 31/170). A statistical analysis of the time interval from amniocentesis to vaginal delivery at each score of the tocolysis index failed to show any evidence that amniocentesis might induce labor. Moreover, no maternal or neonatal morbidity was attributable to amniocentesis. These data suggest that the use of amniocentesis may be a helpful procedure in the management of premature labor with intact membranes with minimum effect on the outcome of the clinical course. PMID- 3225484 TI - [Establishment and characterization of a cell line (OMC-6) originating from a human endometrial stromal sarcoma]. PMID- 3225482 TI - [Analysis of the levels of CA125, CEA and CA19-9 in the cervical mucus samples obtained at various phases of the menstrual cycle and with inflammatory diseases of the uterine cervix]. AB - Recently, normal cervical glandular cells have been reported to synthesize and secrete CA125 as a common constituent of normal cervical mucus. However, the levels of CA125 in the cervical mucus samples during the menstrual cycle and with cervical inflammatory diseases have not been determined. Therefore, we measured CA125 in cervical mucus samples in various phases of the menstrual cycle and in patients with cervical polyp or vaginitis. In addition to CA125, CEA and CA19-9 were also examined in the same samples. CA125 levels in the mucus samples of women (45 cases) without any gynecologic disorders (control) were 102,200 +/- 8,600 (M +/- S.E.) U/ml. Significantly higher levels were noted in the samples obtained in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase. CA125 levels in the mucus with atrophic vaginitis (12 cases) were significantly lower than those of controls. CEA and CA19-9 levels in the control samples were 3,400 +/- 550 ng/ml and 3,470 +/- 500 U/ml, respectively, and both of these showed no significant difference between the follicular and luteal phases. However, both CEA and CA19-9 levels in the cervical mucus with cervical polyps (15 cases) or vaginitis were much higher than in the controls. Accordingly, the present study revealed that CA125 in the cervical mucus fluctuates during the menstrual cycle, probably under the influence of ovarian sex steroids. In addition, CEA and CA19-9 in the cervical mucus samples obtained from women without any gynecologic disorders showed low levels, but those with inflammatory diseases were high, and this suggested that inflammatory diseases in the cervix and/or vagina may affect the constituent of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens in the cervical mucus. PMID- 3225486 TI - [61st meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, Kyoto, 1-3 April 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3225485 TI - [A live birth in twin transfusion syndrome complicated with intrauterine death of one fetus: a case report]. PMID- 3225487 TI - Scintigraphical observation to predict fracture healing in intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. AB - Predictive clinical value of scintigraphical classification of the femoral head in intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck, as classified by Hirano, et al. in 1987, was investigated by long-term follow-up (mean; 4 years and 7 months). Normal healing was achieved in 21 of 24 patients. In those cases, early 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy revealed an over-all increase of radionuclide uptake (Type A) and band-like decrease along the fracture (Type B1). Late segmental collapse of the femoral head was found in 3 patients who showed either a decrease in the weight bearing area (Type B2) or over-all decrease of radionuclide uptake (Type C). The results of fracture healing were well correlated to each type of scintigraphical classification. The changes of radionuclide uptake in the fracture site were also followed by serial 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy. PMID- 3225488 TI - Stable osteosynthesis by interlocking cylinder nailing for fractures of the femur and tibia. AB - Between 1979 and 1986, 140 patients with fractures of the femur and 94 with tibial fractures were treated with our own interlocking cylinder nail system and followed for 1 to 3 years. Overall, 97.9% of fractures of the femur and 93.6% of the tibia were found to have achieved excellent or good results clinically and radiologically. Complications included: delayed union which developed in 2 patients with femoral and tibial fractures and deep infection which developed in 3 of the tibial fractures. Even in highly comminuted fractures, the fracture site can be fixed securely with the interlocking cylinder nail system. Because mechanical strength of the cylinder nail is by far superior to that of the clover nail, the patient may be allowed early full weight bearing on his affected leg. PMID- 3225489 TI - Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head supervening on systemic lupus erythematosus in identical twins--case report. AB - Identical twins who grew up in different environments from 100 days after birth developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), followed later by aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH). Diagnosis of SLE was made in the younger sister (case 1) at age 14 and the elder (case 2) at 21 years of age. ANFH developed in these cases 5.9 and 1.2 years after the onset of SLE respectively. From some ovular identifications, they were diagnosed as being completely identical. These cases are of particular interest, since they suggest that hereditary factors are concerned with the development of ANFH to some degree. PMID- 3225490 TI - [An electromyographic study on elevation of the shoulder joint]. AB - To quantitatively analyze the electromyographic activity of the shoulder girdle muscles during elevation of the arm, the action potentials of nine muscles were integrated over 10-degree intervals of corresponding elevation angle. The trapezius, supraspinatus and deltoideus (anterior and middle fibers) muscles showed high activity and their activity increased in accordance with the magnitude of the elevation angle. The integrated EMG activity in the trapezius, supraspinatus and deltoideus (middle and posterior fibers) muscles increased as the plane of elevation was changed from the sagittal plane to the frontal plane. The correlation between the calculated work and the integrated EMG activity during scapular abduction from 0 to 90 degrees was analyzed. The regression coefficients of the trapezius, supraspinatus and deltoideus (anterior and middle fibers) muscles were higher than those of other muscles. The correlation coefficient of the supraspinatus was significantly lower than those of the trapezius, deltoideus and pectoralis major muscles. PMID- 3225491 TI - [Experimental studies on pharmacokinetics and tissue concentration of cis dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP) by intra-arterial infusion with hemostasis]. AB - We have combined intra-arterial infusion with tourniquet techniques that produce hemostasis at the periphery of a tumor to accelerate penetration and adherence of the antitumor drug in the tumor. In the present study, MRMT-1 breast cancer was transplanted into the distal end of the femur of S-D rats to produce a bone tumor. Then cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP) was given in three ways: 1) systemic administration, 2) local intra-arterial infusion and 3) intra-arterial infusion with hemostasis, and the CDDP levels were determined of the tumor, kidney, lung and blood. The intra-tumoral CDDP level was found to be the highest in the group maintained with hemostasis, but that there was no significant difference in the levels in blood, the kidney and the lung among the three ways of administration. It was thus inferred that, though this method is effective in elevating the intra-tumoral CDDP level, sufficient hydration is necessary to prevent the same side effects as the other two methods. PMID- 3225492 TI - [An experimental study on denervated muscle atrophy--effect of electrostimulation and comparison with immobilization muscle atrophy]. AB - The efficacy of causing muscle atrophy was compared among denervation, arthrodesis and tenotomy in rat anterior tibial muscle. Reduction of wet weight was most pronounced in denervated muscle and least in arthrodesed muscle. Histochemical investigation by ATPase stain revealed that atrophy of Type 1 and Type 2 fiber was more severe in denervated muscle group than in the other two groups. Type 2 fiber atrophy was dominant in denervated muscle and in arthrodesed muscle. Type 1 fiber atrophy was dominant in tenotomized muscle. The effect of electrostimulation on denervated muscle was investigated. Electrostimulation significantly reduced the degree of denervation atrophy. Four weeks after severance of peroneal nerve, tibial nerve-crossing was done and electrostimulation was continued for eight weeks. Recovery of wet weight of re innervated muscle with electrostimulation was significantly better than that without electrostimulation. Electrostimulation applied to denervated muscle reduced the progress of atrophy and improved the recovery after nerve repair. PMID- 3225493 TI - [An experimental study on nerve repair using carbon dioxide laser]. AB - Although microsurgical techniques of nerve suture are now widely practiced, the prognosis is not always satisfactory. We have therefore developed a new method using CO2 laser and fibrin film to evaluate its clinical availability by determining its adhesiveness and axonal regeneration. The sciatic nerve of Wistar rats was cleanly cut. Fibrin films that are not themselves at all adhesive were placed on the suture site and were firmly anastomosed by irradiating them with 70 mW laser energy. Measurement of the tensile strength has demonstrated that effective adhesiveness may be obtained for nerve repair. According to the postoperative quantitative evaluation of the number of myelinated fibers of larger size and the mean diameter of myelinated fibers, the laser method appears to be significantly better than the conventional suture methods. In conclusion, this laser method is useful for clinical application. PMID- 3225495 TI - [Effects of calcium channel blockers on the pharmacokinetics of oral beta methyldigoxin]. PMID- 3225494 TI - [A biomechanical study of the lumbar intervertebral disc by the finite element method]. AB - The biomechanical characteristics of the lumbar intervertebral disc were investigated by 3-dimensional finite element method. The results were: (1) Under compression load, the nucleus pulposus received the strongest vertical force and the annulus fibrosus restrained its expansion. The inner posterolateral annulus fibrosus was vulnerable. (2) Under flexion load, some posterior shifting of the nucleus pulposus occurred, along with the decrease of posterior bulging and the increase of anterior bulging. The outer anterior and inner posterior annulus fibrosus were vulnerable. (3) Under either compression or flexion load, the increase in the nucleus pressure ratio (PN/Pa) for the same disc attained almost the same value. (4) At the nucleus area ratio of 37.5%, the maximum compressive stiffness value occurred. (5) PN/Pa decreased with the increase of the nucleus area ratio but increased as disc narrowing advanced. (6) When the nucleus pulposus lost its hydrostatic property, the compressive stiffness value decreased to 43%, the potential damage could encompass the entire annulus fibrosus. PMID- 3225497 TI - [Histology of aging changes and PR prolongation in the human atrioventricular nodal cells]. PMID- 3225496 TI - [Lipid and apoprotein abnormalities in the stroke subjects with or without atherosclerotic vascular lesions in the main truncus of cerebral arteries]. PMID- 3225499 TI - [A case of autoimmune neutropenia associated with extrapulmonery mycoplasma infection]. PMID- 3225500 TI - [A case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)]. PMID- 3225498 TI - [An autopsy case of syndrome of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure]. PMID- 3225501 TI - [A case of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia with lipid deposition of the rectum]. PMID- 3225502 TI - [A case of post-radiation constrictive pericarditis developing 17 years after radiation therapy]. PMID- 3225505 TI - [A case of coronary artery disease probably elicited by mediastinal radiation]. PMID- 3225503 TI - [Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome in an insulin-dependent diabetic patient]. PMID- 3225504 TI - [A case of exertional heat stroke following eclampsia]. PMID- 3225506 TI - [Pure infundibular pulmonary stenosis induced by radiation therapy]. PMID- 3225507 TI - [A case of antidiuretic hormone-producing malignant teratoma of the anterior mediastinum]. PMID- 3225508 TI - [Plasmacytoma in childhood]. PMID- 3225511 TI - [Observations of the epithelial sheath of the mouse molar tooth germs in the early root formation]. PMID- 3225509 TI - [Multiple myeloma (IgA-kappa type) with scleroderma-like skin lesion]. PMID- 3225510 TI - [Observation of the changes in the cartilage matrix in endochondral ossification of the rat mandibular condyle]. PMID- 3225512 TI - [The influence of functional stress on the mandibular tissue around the apatite implant]. PMID- 3225514 TI - Medical waste. PMID- 3225513 TI - The surgical treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 3225515 TI - Complaints about fees and costs for medical records and depositions. PMID- 3225516 TI - Correlation of the sinoscopic appearance of the maxillary antrum with histological and bacteriological findings. AB - Assessment of the maxillary antral mucosa in chronic sinusitis prior to surgery is notoriously difficult. Sinoscopy using a Hopkin's rod system is proving increasingly popular. The accuracy of diagnosis of mucosal disease by this means in 26 antra is here correlated with histological evidence of inflammation and bacteriological evidence of infection in antral mucosal biopsies. It is shown that the surgeon's assessment of the mucosal appearance correlates well with the histology and bacterial culture. Absence of mucopus or bacterial growth on culture did not indicate absence of disease. PMID- 3225518 TI - Topical nasal steroids in non-atopic perennial rhinitis; subjective symptom scores and objective measurement of nasal resistance by active anterior rhinomanometry. AB - We present a study of 22 patients with perennial non-atopic rhinitis who have been treated with a course of topical beclomethasone dipropionate (Beconase). All subjects were skin-test negative for the common inhaled allergens and had normal total and specific IgE levels. The results of treatment were assessed by symptom scoring and by active anterior rhinomanometry, and are compared to measurements of resistance made in 22 untreated controls and an equal number of normal volunteers. PMID- 3225517 TI - The nasal valve: a physiological and clinical study. AB - Fifteen subjects underwent nasal pressure gradient studies to determine the resistance profile of the nose. Seventy-nine per cent of nasal resistance to airflow occurred in the segment 0 cm.-2.8 cm. from the posterior margin of the anterior nares. The greater part of this resistance (43 per cent) occurred in the segment 1.5 cm.-2.8 cm. within the nose, and this area approximated to the site of the pyriform aperture. Eighteen patients underwent a trial of radical trimming of the inferior turbinates (12 patients) versus anterior trimming of the inferior turbinates (6 patients). Both operations produced a similar fall in nasal resistance to airflow, confirming that the region of the pyriform aperture was the site of maximum nasal resistance. Whereas the radical operation significantly reduced the sensation of nasal obstruction, the anterior operation did not. The results of the study are discussed with reference to previous work on the subject. PMID- 3225519 TI - The effects of different fixations on the distribution and numbers of mast cells in patients with nasal polyps. AB - Mast cells in rats have been categorized into mucosal and connective tissue mast cells by properties which include their fixation characteristics and their distribution in tissues. There are a number of factors which make this classification unsatisfactory including the variability of fixation, intensity of background staining and the application of animal studies to man. Seasonal allergic reactions in the nose of man occur both in the surface metachromatic cells and in those within the epithelium; the latter are presumed to be mucosal mast cells. The aim of this study was to look at the distribution and the fixation characteristics of mast cells in inferior turbinates and nasal polyps. Both techniques show that cells are more abundant in the submucosa and the fact that Carnoy's fixative shows them better and this may be due to the lack of intensity in the background staining. There is no evidence that mast cells are more frequent in the epithelium. These findings would suggest the nasal polyps are not an allergic disease. PMID- 3225520 TI - Study of the nasopharynx in man by scanning electron microscopy. AB - To date only few and often disagreeing studies about human nasopharynx are available. The present research has the purpose to give a contribution to the knowledge of nasopharyngeal epithelium using S.E.M. The study was carried out on biopsies taken from 20 healthy volunteers. The surface of nasopharynx is covered by ciliated cells, microvilli provided cells and goblet cells. Areas covered with squamous epithelium and presumably transitional epithelium were observed. The possibility that ciliated cells become microvilli provided cells is discussed. PMID- 3225521 TI - Acromegaly--the mucosal changes within the nose and paranasal sinuses. AB - The presence of upper respiratory tract obstruction in patients with acromegaly has been described. The main sites for obstruction were previously thought to be laryngeal and oropharyngeal. This study reviews 65 patients with acromegaly and 27 patients with a prolactinoma treated by trans-ethmoidal hypophysectomy. The results confirmed a very high incidence of polyp formation and mucosal hypertrophy within both the sphenoid (88 per cent) and ethmoidal (62 per cent) sinuses of the acromegalic patients. The histological appearances of the mucosal hypertrophy and polyposis confirmed no specific features attributable to acromegaly. Patient age and serum H.G.H. level do not appear to be significant factors. These findings within the para-nasal sinuses have never previously been reported. PMID- 3225523 TI - Coronal CT examination in the evaluation of small frontoethmoidal encephalocoeles. AB - Symptoms producing small front-ethmoidal encephalocoeles are generally identified radiologically. The examination of choice is coronal CT, eventually performed axially with coronal reconstructions, and best with intrathecal contrast material delineating the basal cisterns. Two case reports demonstrate the clinical and radiological problems in identifying small fronto-ethmoidal encephalocoeles. PMID- 3225522 TI - Local iatrogenic complications in nasopharyngeal rhinoscleroma. AB - The possible role of surgical manipulation in inducing local spread and cicatricial complications in rhinoscleroma is illustrated by the three cases discussed in this paper. This is especially so where its occasional presentation as polypoid lesions of the lower respiratory tract may mimic other more sinister lesions and lead to unwarranted invasive procedures by the unsuspecting clinician. The infective nature of the lesions must be appreciated and confirmed microbiologically for appropriate drug treatment to be used. The benefits of minimal surgical intervention are illustrated in the third case. PMID- 3225524 TI - A modification of the MacFee incisions for neck dissection. AB - The dissection of cervical lymphatics for cancer after radiotherapy imposes a special need to ensure good healing of skin flaps with good access and acceptable aesthetic results. Adaptability of incisions for extended surgery is also desirable. Although it is felt that the adoption of the basic MacFee incision pattern fulfils these criteria, the author has for years employed curved modifications of the two horizontal incision lines. This develops a waisted skin bridge which is freely mobile and gives better access to the deep structures. The technique is contrasted with other approaches and described in detail. It complies with the safe principle of join-free linear incisions and is practical for regular use. PMID- 3225525 TI - The repair of defects in the head and neck region with the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. AB - There are many different flaps available for head and neck reconstruction. The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap has been widely used in this unit on 80 occasions in the past three years, both as a pedicled and as a free microvascular flap following the excision of head and neck malignancy, the commonest pathology being intraoral squamous cell carcinoma. There were nine cases of complete or substantial flap loss requiring a further reconstructive procedure. Few of the patients who underwent total glossectomy suffered from overspill or aspiration and the fistula rate was low. Reference is made to the anatomy and the technique of raising this versatile flap which provides a large volume of tissue and has been particularly useful following total glossectomy when combined with a hyoid hitch. PMID- 3225526 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials after irradiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma--report on two cases with myelopathy of the brainstem. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were recorded in two patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) irradiated 14 and three years ago respectively and compared with 15 healthy controls. The patients had features of post-irradiation myelopathy of the brainstem with reduced gag reflex, unilateral vocal cord paralysis and fasciculation of the tongue. The first patient had a blind left eye. The second patient had quadriparesis. All ears revealed post-irradiation otitis media changes and mixed deafness. BAEP was not recognizable in the left ear of the first patient and was normal in the left ear of the second patient. Simultaneous electrocochleogram and BAEP were recorded from the right ear of the first case. The wave I-V latency interval were prolonged in both right ears. In the absence of local recurrence and brain secondaries, these BAEP changes are attributed to the post-irradiation myelopathy of brainstem. PMID- 3225527 TI - Nasal manifestations of yaws. PMID- 3225528 TI - Primary nasal tuberculosis masquerading as a malignant tumour. AB - Primary nasal tuberculosis is rare. We report a case of primary nasal tuberculosis in an elderly lady who presented with symptoms and signs suggestive of a nasal fossa tumour. Histological examination of the lesion revealed the diagnosis. Treatment was with standard anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. The implications of primary nasal tuberculosis are discussed. PMID- 3225529 TI - Nasal involvement in systemic amyloidosis. PMID- 3225530 TI - Angiomyolipoma of the nasal cavity. AB - Vascular tumours of the nasal cavity are uncommon and are either hamartomas or true neoplasms, mostly benign. We present an unusual case of angiomyolipoma of the nasal cavity. This hamartomatous lesion is often described in the kidney and may be associated with tuberous sclerosis. To our knowledge, there is no previous report of the lesion in the nasal cavity, and no association with tuberous sclerosis has been demonstrated in this case. PMID- 3225531 TI - Haemangiopericytoma of the nasal septum. AB - Haemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumour originating from pericytes which are cells surrounding the capillaries. Only 23 cases of haemangiopericytoma arising from the nose and sinuses have been reported in the literature, of which three are from the nasal septum. We are pleased to report one more case. PMID- 3225532 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting with a maxillary tumour and hydrocephalus. AB - Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting with advanced bone disease is an important differential diagnosis of 'tumours' affecting the craniofacial skeleton. We describe a case of primary hyperparathyroidism presenting with a brown tumour of the maxilla causing local symptoms. Differentiation from other giant cell lesions of the maxilla is necessary. The histological and radiological features of brown tumour, non-ossifying fibroma and reparative granuloma are all similar. Differentiation relies on plasma calcium estimation and the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is confirmed by serum parathyroid hormone assay. PMID- 3225533 TI - Craniofacial resection for extensive paranasal sinus aspergilloma. AB - Craniofacial resection techniques were developed to allow complete monobloc removal of malignant tumours of the ethmoid region. Such a surgical approach may also occasionally be useful in certain non-malignant conditions. Extensive 'destructive' aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses has a high mortality once the anterior cranial fossa dura is reached. Craniofacial surgery provides excellent access to excise such large infective 'tumours'. PMID- 3225534 TI - Osteogenic sarcoma of the ethmoid sinus. AB - A case of osteogenic sarcoma of the ethmoid sinus is reported in a 45 year old man. The tumour extended superiorly through the frontal sinus and involved the medial wall of the left orbit causing diplopia. Treatment comprised partial excision followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with symptomatic improvement, although 13 months later the patient died from progressive local and metastatic disease. A possible relationship to previous radiation exposure is discussed. PMID- 3225535 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasopharynx a case with recurrence of tumour after 20 years. AB - A case of embryonal (botryoid) rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasopharynx originally occurring in a two year old male, with late recurrence in the neck 20 years after treatment by combined surgery and radiotherapy is presented. The histological diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma, and the significance of late recurrence are discussed. PMID- 3225536 TI - Rhabdomyoma of the tongue. Report of a case with light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations. AB - Adult rhabdomyoma is a benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle origin, which mainly occurs in the head and neck region. Because of its rarity the diagnosis may be missed, especially if cross-striations cannot be demonstrated by light microscopy. By applying supplementary diagnostic evaluation with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, the diagnosis is established. Positive staining with desmin unequivocally demonstrates that the tumour cells are derived from muscle tissue. The presence of myofibrils, Z-bands and numerous mitochondria by ultrastructural examination are characteristic features of this tumour. PMID- 3225537 TI - On Helveston. PMID- 3225538 TI - The cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children with learning disabilities: an overview. PMID- 3225539 TI - Acquired cerebral trauma: additional educational issues. PMID- 3225540 TI - Do children with learning disabilities outgrow deficits in selective auditory attention? Evidence from dichotic listening in adults with learning disabilities. PMID- 3225541 TI - A comparison of WAIS-R profiles of nondisabled college freshmen and college students with learning disabilities. PMID- 3225542 TI - Problem-solving tasks on the microcomputer: a look at the performance of students with learning disabilities. PMID- 3225544 TI - Social and health effects of a nuclear weapons exchange. PMID- 3225543 TI - Traditional eligibility criteria for identifying students as specific learning disabled. PMID- 3225545 TI - On poverty. PMID- 3225546 TI - Our boneyard industry. PMID- 3225547 TI - Uncompensated health care in Georgia--an emerging public policy problem. PMID- 3225548 TI - The cost of compassion. Can Georgia hospitals afford it? PMID- 3225549 TI - The medically uninsured: who cares? PMID- 3225550 TI - The changing role of the oncology nurse. PMID- 3225551 TI - Peer review immunity for bad faith activities. Patrick v. Burget fails to provide an answer. PMID- 3225552 TI - Light reduces the excitation efficiency in the nss mutant of the sheep blowfly Lucilia. AB - The nss (no steady state) phototransduction mutant of the sheep blowfly Lucilia was studied electrophysiologically using intracellular recordings. The effects of the nss mutation on the receptor potential are manifested in the following features of the light response. (a) The responses to a flash or to dim lights are close to normal, but the receptor potential decays close to the baseline level during prolonged illumination after a critical level of light intensity is reached. (b) The decline of the response is accompanied by a large reduction in responsiveness to light that recovers within 20 s in the dark. (c) The full reduction in responsiveness to light is reached when approximately 13% of the photopigment molecules are converted from rhodopsin (R) to metarhodopsin (M). (d) A maximal net pigment conversion from R to M by blue light induces persistent inactivation in the dark, without an apparent voltage response. This inactivation could be abolished at any time by M-to-R conversion with orange light. The above features of the mutant indicate that the effect of the nss mutation on the light response of Lucilia is very similar to the effects of the transient receptor potential (trp) mutation on the photoreceptor potential of Drosophila. Noise analysis and voltage measurements indicate that the decay of the receptor potential is due to a severe reduction in the rate of occurrence of the elementary voltage responses (bumps). The bumps are only slightly modified in shape and amplitude during the decline of the response to light of medium intensity. There is also a large increase in response latency during intense background illumination. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that separate, independent mechanisms determine bump triggering and bump shape and amplitude. The nss mutation affects the triggering mechanism of the bump. PMID- 3225553 TI - Effects of rapid application of caffeine on intracellular calcium concentration in ferret papillary muscles. AB - In this paper we investigate the effects of caffeine (5-20 mM) on ferret papillary muscle. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration ( [Ca2+]i) was measured from the light emitted by the photoprotein aequorin, which had previously been microinjected into superficial cells. Isometric tension was measured simultaneously. The rapid application of caffeine produced a transient increase of [Ca2+]i, which decayed spontaneously within 2-3 s and was accompanied by a transient contracture. The removal of extracellular Na+ or an increase in the concentration of intracellular Na+ (produced by strophanthidin) increased the magnitude of the caffeine response. Cessation of stimulation for several minutes or stimulation at low rates decreased the magnitude of the stimulated twitch and Ca2+ transient. These maneuvers also decreased the size of the caffeine response. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the caffeine-releasable pool of Ca2+ (sarcoplasmic reticulum) is modulated by maneuvers that affect contraction. Ryanodine (10 microM) decreased the magnitude of the caffeine response as well as that of the stimulated twitch. In contrast, the rapid removal of external Ca2+ abolished the systolic Ca2+ transient within 5 s, but had no effect on the caffeine response. From this we conclude that the abolition of twitch by Ca2+-free solutions is not due to depletion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of Ca2+, but may be due to a requirement of Ca2+ entry into the cell to trigger Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3225554 TI - Intracellular pH regulation in the S3 segment of the rabbit proximal tubule in HCO3- -free solutions. AB - We used the absorbance spectrum of 4',5'-dimethyl-5-(and 6) carboxyfluorescein to measure intracellular pH (pHi) in the isolated, perfused S3 segment of the rabbit proximal tubule. Experiments were conducted in HCO3- -free solutions. pHi recovered from an acid load imposed by an NH4+ prepulse, indicating the presence of one or more active acid-extrusion mechanisms. Removal of Na+ from bath and lumen caused pHi to decrease by approximately 0.6, whereas Na+ readdition caused complete pHi recovery. Removal of Na+ from the bath caused only a slow pHi decrease that was enhanced about fourfold when Na+ was subsequently removed from the lumen also. Similarly, the pHi recovery produced by the readdition of Na+ to the bath and lumen was about ninefold faster than when Na+ was returned to the bath only. Amiloride (1-2 mM) inhibited the pHi recovery that was elicited by returning 15 or 29 mM Na+ to lumen by only approximately 30%. However, in the absence of external acetate (Ac-), 1 mM amiloride inhibited approximately 66% of the pHi recovery induced by the readdition of 29 mM Na+ to the lumen only. The removal of external Ac- reduced the pHi recovery rate from an NH4+-induced acid load by approximately 47%, and that elicited by Na+ readdition, by approximately 67%. Finally, when bilateral removal of Na+ was maintained for several minutes, pHi recovered from the initial acidification, slowly at first, and then more rapidly, eventually reaching a pHi approximately 0.1 higher than the initial one. This Na+-independent pHi recovery was not significantly affected by lowering [HEPES]o from 32 to 3 mM or by adding N'N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (10(-4) M) to the lumen, but it was reduced approximately 57% by iodoacetate (0.5 mM) plus cyanide (1 mM). We conclude that in the nominal absence of HCO3-, three transport systems contribute to acid extrusion by S3 cells: (a) a Na+-independent mechanism, possibly an H+ pump; (b) a Na-H exchanger, confined primarily to the luminal membrane; and (c) an Ac- and luminal Na+-dependent mechanism. The contribution of these three mechanisms to total acid extrusion, assessed by the rapid readdition of Na+, was approximately 13, approximately 30, and approximately 57%, respectively. PMID- 3225555 TI - Acetate transport in the S3 segment of the rabbit proximal tubule and its effect on intracellular pH. AB - We monitored intracellular pH (pHi) in isolated perfused S3 segments of the rabbit proximal tubule, and studied the effect of acetate (Ac-) transport on pHi. pHi was calculated from the absorbance spectrum of 4',5'-dimethyl-5-(and 6) carboxyfluorescein trapped intracellularly. All solutions were nominally HCO3(-) free. Removal of 10 mM Ac- from bath and lumen caused pHi to rapidly rise by approximately 0.2, and then to decline more slowly to a value approximately 0.35 below the initial one. Removal of only luminal Ac- caused pHi changes very similar to those resulting from bilateral removal of Ac-. When Ac- was removed from bath only, pHi rose rapidly at first, and then continued to rise more slowly. Readdition of Ac- to bath caused pHi to rapidly fall to a value slightly higher than the one prevailing before the removal of Ac- from the bath. In experiments in which Ac- was first removed from both bath and lumen, readdition of 10 mM Ac- to only lumen caused a rapid but small acidification, followed by a slower alkalinization that brought the pHi near the value that prevailed before the bilateral removal of Ac-. The alkalinizing effects caused by the readdition of 10 or 0.5 mM Ac- were indistinguishable. When Ac- was returned to only lumen in the absence of luminal Na+, there was a small and rapid pHi decrease, but no pHi recovery. Removal of Na+ from bath did not affect the pHi transients caused by the addition of Ac- to lumen. In experiments in which Ac- was first removed bilaterally, readdition of Ac- to only bath caused a large and sustained drop in pHi, whereas the subsequent removal of Ac- from the bath caused a slight alkalinization. These pHi changes caused by readdition or removal of Ac- from baths were unaffected by the absence of external Na+. We conclude that there is a Na+/Ac- cotransporter at the luminal membrane, and pathways for acetic acid transport at both luminal and basolateral membranes. The net effect of Ac- transport on pHi is to alkalinize the cell as a result of the luminal entry of Na+/Ac-, which is followed by the luminal and basolateral exit of acetic acid. PMID- 3225557 TI - Wind-activated thoracic interneurons of the cockroach: II. Patterns of connection from ventral giant interneurons. AB - A number of thoracic interneurons (TIs) have been found to receive inputs from ventral giant interneurons (vGIs). Each of these cells responds to wind with short latency depolarizations. The previous paper described response properties of several TIs to wind stimuli, including those excited by vGIs. The data showed a correlation between the shape of the TI's wind fields and its morphology. The presence of ventral branches located near the midline of the ganglion predicts a strong response to wind on that side. These ventral median (VM) branches are in the proper location to permit overlap with processes from vGIs. Here we describe the patterns of connections between individual vGIs and 13 of the thoracic interneurons located in the meso- and metathoracic ganglia. A correlation was found between the presence of VM branches and excitation by vGIs. TIs were only excited by vGIs on the side(s) on which VM branches exist. However, presence of a VM branch does not imply that all vGIs on that side make connections with the TI. Summation was found between various vGIs that excited each individual thoracic interneuron. In unilateral thoracic interneurons, no sign of inhibition was found from vGIs on the sides opposite that which contained excitatory vGI axons. Neither was there any evidence of inhibition from dorsal giant interneurons. In addition preliminary evidence indicated that left-right homologues do not inhibit one another. Thus, the data suggest that directional wind fields are primarily the result of selective connection from specific vGIs. PMID- 3225556 TI - Wind-activated thoracic interneurons of the cockroach: I. Responses to controlled wind stimulation. AB - The cockroach escape response begins with a turn away from a wind puff such as that generated by an approaching predator. The presence and direction of that wind is detected by hairs on the animal's cerci, and this information is conducted to the thoracic ganglia via two populations of giant interneurons. In the thoracic ganglia, the giant interneurons excite a number of interneurons, at least some of which in turn excite motor neurons that control leg movement. In this paper we examine response properties of various thoracic neurons to wind stimuli originating from different directions. Three sets of thoracic neurons were distinguished on the basis of latency. Type A interneurons had short latencies to wind stimuli (1.3-2.25 ms). Type B interneurons had longer latencies (4-6 ms), and motor neurons had the longest latencies (5.6-17.0 ms). Individual type A interneurons either responded equally to wind from all directions or were biased in their response. Directionality was related to the presence of ventral branches near one or both sides of the midline of the ganglion. Cells with ventral median (VM) branches on either side tended to be omnidirectional or front rear biased, whereas cells with VM branches on only one side were biased to that side. Although several type B interneurons had strong wind responses and were directionally sensitive, they did not have VM branches. We hypothesize that the presence of VM branches in type A interneurons permits connection with ventral giant interneurons, and this connection accounts for their short latency and directional properties. This hypothesis will be tested in the companion paper. PMID- 3225558 TI - Development and senescence of control of ciliary locomotion in a gastropod veliger. AB - The rhythmical ciliary arrest behavior characteristic of the veliger larvae of the prosobranch Calliostoma ligatum develops in a predictable sequence of events. Spontaneous, small-amplitude (1-3 mV) postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) are first recorded intracellularly from prototrochal ciliated cells at about 45 h after fertilization. Prototrochal ciliated cells, which are precursors of the locomotory, preoral ciliated cells of mature veligers, are electrically coupled to each other. Cilia beat continuously and erratically at this stage. PSP amplitude and duration gradually increase with age, and at about 56 h, preoral ciliated cells become electrically excitable. A single regenerative action potential first occurs at this time and causes a velum-wide, ciliary arrest. Between 56 and 72 h, the duration of the depolarizing phase of the preoral ciliated cell action potential decreases, the amplitude increases, and the hyperpolarizing undershoot develops. Preoral ciliated cell action potentials appear to be Ca2+-dependent throughout development. Shortening of the action potential duration and development of the hyperpolarizing undershoot may be due to activation of later developing K+ channels. As veligers become competent to metamorphose, the preoral velar cells and their connections with the body deteriorate. PMID- 3225559 TI - Joint hormonal and sensory stimulation modulate neuronal number in adult canary brains. AB - Treatment of adult female canaries with testosterone (T) causes them to produce male-typical vocalizations and results in striking growth of brain nuclei that control song behavior (Nottebohm, 1980). The song-control nucleus HVc (caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum) contains cells that concentrate testosterone or its metabolites, suggesting that steroid hormones may induce the growth of HVc directly by regulating the expression of specific genes in those HVc neurons that have steroid receptors. However, we have previously provided evidence that is inconsistent with the idea that steroids promote growth of HVc solely via a direct action on hormone receptors: testosterone treatment of deafened adult females results in very little growth of HVc, relative to T treated hearing birds (Bottjer et al., 1986b). Thus, birds in the former group undergo very little overall growth of HVc despite high circulating levels of hormone. We show here that the slightly increased size of HVc in T-treated deaf birds is attributable to an increase in neuronal spacing; the greatly increased size of HVc in T-treated hearing birds is due to an increase in neuronal number as well as spacing. There was virtually no increase in number of HVc neurons in T treated deafened birds relative to control groups, whereas T-treated hearing birds showed a marked increase in neuron number. The song-control nucleus RA (robust nucleus of the archistriatum), which receives direct afferent input from HVc, also increases in size in response to testosterone treatment. However, the volume of RA increases in both hearing and deafened birds; this increase is primarily due to an increase in neuronal spacing as well as a small increase in neuron number. These results demonstrate that the number of neurons in a specific vocal-control nucleus (HVc) can change dramatically in adult canaries and suggest that some synergistic action of hormonal and sensory stimulation is necessary to induce such a change. PMID- 3225560 TI - The differential regulation of formation of chemical and electrical connections in Helisoma. AB - Novel chemical and electrical connections form between neurons not normally connected in the buccal ganglia of the snail Helisoma. We examined the cellular and environmental conditions required for the formation of each type of connection. Previous work in situ showed that novel electrical connections could form in response to axotomy. We have now found that axotomy can evoke the formation of novel unidirectional chemical connections between neurons B5 and B4 in addition to a novel electrical connection. The novel chemical connections display all of the normal properties of chemical synapses in Helisoma ganglia. These connections, however, are transient in nature and break 4 days following axotomy. Previous work has shown that conjoint outgrowth is required for the formation of electrical connections. In cell culture we have investigated whether conjoint outgrowth is also required for chemical synaptogenesis. Using neurons B5 and B19 we have found that when neuron pairs make contact in cell culture, under conditions of synchronous neurite extension, both electrical and chemical synapses form. However, if one neuron has ceased extension prior to contact by a growing neuron, electrical synapses never form (Hadley et al., 1983, 1985) but chemical synapses do form. Furthermore, the addition of serotonin (10(-6) M) to culture medium to inhibit neurite extension of B19, but not that of B5, selectively prevents the formation of electrical connections while permitting the formation of chemical synapses. Thus, the timing of contact in relation to the state of neurite extension can specify the type of connection a given neuron can form. PMID- 3225561 TI - Bio-environmental control of malaria in an industrial complex at Hardwar (U.P.), India. AB - A study on the bio-environmental control of industrial malaria was launched at Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd., the country's foremost industrial complex. Malaria was a serious problem on the campus of the complex and routine methods of malaria control by providing screened doors, larviciding, fogging, limited spraying in the unauthorized colonies and chemotherapy were not effective. The project staff diverted the existing resources to reduce mosquito breeding sites by using fly ash to fill low lying areas, borrow pits and ditches, etc.; cleaning blocked drains and improving drainage by constructing cemented drains, mosquito-proofing overhead water storage tanks, improving surveillance and chemotherapy and introducing developmental schemes to make it a holistic process. The entire campus was brought under the alternate strategy during a 5 month period. In less than one year indigenous transmission was interrupted and the areas brought under maintenance at a cost of US +28,000. The study showed that in this instance malaria control should first be based on source reduction rather than insecticidal methods. PMID- 3225562 TI - Autogeny in Culex salinarius from Texas, Florida and New Jersey. AB - Autogeny was studied in Culex salinarius from College Station, Texas; Vero Beach, Florida; and Edison and Dennisville, New Jersey. Autogenous egg development varied from 14% in the Florida colony to 23 and 27%, respectively, in colonies from Texas and New Jersey. The mean number of eggs per autogenous female ranged from 13.5 to 23.7. As in other autogenous mosquitoes, the expression of autogeny was dependent on larval and adult diets. Mating did not influence autogeny as it does in some mosquitoes. Autogeny in Cx. salinarius was obligate at warm temperatures, but females denied a bloodmeal appeared to undergo facultative autogeny at colder temperatures. PMID- 3225563 TI - Evaluation of Melia volkensii extract fractions as mosquito larvicides. AB - A standardized fraction of Melia volkensii fruit kernel extract was tested against Anopheles arabiensis mosquito larvae. The LC50 in 48 hr was 5.4 micrograms/ml. At low concentrations this fraction had growth inhibiting activity producing prolonged larval instars, and lethal effects during ecdysis. Further fractionation of the standardised fraction yielded seven bands on preparative Thin Layer Chromatography. The two most lipophilic bands had acute toxic effects on the larvae, the next two bands had growth inhibiting effects, while the three trailing bands had no effect at all. The acute toxicity and growth inhibiting effects were destroyed by heat during the drying of the fruits. PMID- 3225564 TI - Brain cell karyotypes of six new world sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). AB - The brain cell karyotypes of six New World sand flies are described and compared. Lutzomyia trapidoi has three pairs of chromosomes, 2N = 6. The other species, L. gomezi, L. erwindonaldoi, L. carmelinoi, L. walkeri and L. columbiana, have four pairs of chromosomes, 2N = 8. No heteromorphic chromosomes were observed. Cytogenetic similarities among sand fly species are discussed. PMID- 3225565 TI - Habitat preference of coastal Culicoides spp. at Yankeetown, Florida. AB - Larval habitats of salt marsh Culicoides spp. were delineated. Twenty-six habitat categories were equally sampled. Four broad physiographic zones were identified from aerial photographs and ground surveys. Two salt marsh zones were identified and separated on the basis of differences in plant cover type and distribution, number and conformation of islands, tidal creeks and ponds, and substrate structure. The other 2 zones were an extensive brackish-freshwater marsh and an upland area dominated by mixed pine and live oak. The more frequently flooded salt marsh zone provided the most productive Culicoides larval habitats. Data obtained from samples held for adult emergence indicated that C. mississippiensis was largely confined to these lower elevation marsh areas, but C. furens was found in both salt marsh and freshwater habitats. PMID- 3225566 TI - Inheritance of phosphogluconate and xanthine dehydrogenases in Aedes (Finlaya) togoi. AB - Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) were genetically studied by agar gel electrophoresis in the mosquito Aedes togoi. Adult homogenates displayed banding patterns with one zone of activity of either enzyme. Eight backcrosses were conducted to map the two loci, Pgd and Xdh, to linkage group III with the following arrangement: Pgd--(ca. 15 map units)--bl (bleached pupa)--(ca.5)--y (yellow larva)--(38.0 +/- 1.7)--pm (plum eye)--(6.1 +/ 0.9)--Xdh. All Pgd and Xdh loci thus far mapped in other mosquito species are reviewed for a comparison with those in this species. PMID- 3225568 TI - A new member of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex, species C. AB - A new member, species C, of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex was recently found in collections from the northwest coast of Florida. This new species cannot be differentiated from the other 2 species with available taxonomic keys. Evidence for this taxon as a sibling species includes data on hybrid sterility and distorted sex ratios in the progeny of crosses to species A and B, chromosomal differences, and diagnostic allozymes. PMID- 3225567 TI - Host-seeking activity of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) near Yankeetown, Florida. AB - The diel, seasonal, and lunar host-seeking periodicity of Culicoides mississippiensis, C. floridensis, C. barbosai, and C. furens was studied near Yankeetown, Florida. Culicoides mississippiensis was the only species active during all seasons. Significantly more (P less than 0.05) individuals sought a blood meal when the moon was full than when the moon was in some other phase. Culicoides floridensis, the species with the shortest wing length, did not attack when the wind speed exceeded 9 km/h, and C. mississippiensis, the species with the greatest wing length, did not attack when the wind speed exceeded 17 km/h. PMID- 3225569 TI - Laboratory oviposition, fecundity and egg hatching ability of colonized Anopheles albimanus from southwestern Mexico. AB - Fecundity, oviposition patterns and egg hatching characteristics were studied in two colonies of Anopheles albimanus isolated from the Pacific coast of southern Mexico. Fecundity was inversely proportional to the cage space available to the female and was influenced by the bloodmeal source, feeding method and previous feeding history. The length of the gonotrophic cycle decreased with succeeding experience from a mean 6.6 in the first to 2.6 days for the fifth cycle. Oviposition timing was also dependent on availability of oviposition substrate. Hatching success of eggs increased significantly when the oviposition site was witheld until 48 hr post-bloodmeal. PMID- 3225570 TI - Use of a modified Marchand cage to study mating and swarming behavior in Culex tarsalis, with reference to colonization. AB - Selective pressures in laboratory rearing may account for the poor field mating of laboratory reared Culex tarsalis males. Previous studies of swarming behavior of field collected Cx. tarsalis had to be done in the field since such adults did not exhibit normal swarming in cages. Field collected individuals did not swarm normally nor mate effectively in cages. Normal swarming behavior by field collected mosquitoes, subsequent mating, and insemination were observed in a cage modified from a design by Marchand (1985). The use of such a cage could reduce one type of selective mating pressure involved in the colonization of mosquito species. PMID- 3225571 TI - Toxicity of methoprene to all stages of the salt marsh copepod, Apocyclops spartinus (Cyclopoida). AB - The toxicity of methoprene to the salt marsh copepod Apocyclops spartinus was evaluated and compared with sensitivity of mosquito larvae. All stages of the life cycle were tested at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 ppm. Eggs and the earliest hatched stages, nauplius I-III were most sensitive to methoprene, with little mortality seen in the later stages. Toxic effects were manifested as death, or failure of eggs to hatch, however, no extensions of the life cycle were observed. In general the copepods were resistant at concentrations of methoprene used to control mosquitoes. Early nauplii, however, did show some mortalities to methoprene concentrations near the lower margins of mosquito susceptibility. This might lead to transient decreases in copepod population growth rates, but not necessarily to decreases in their standing populations. PMID- 3225572 TI - An evaluation of the residual lifespan of DDT in malaria control. AB - The insecticide lifespan of DDT was assessed in huts sprayed for malaria control. The age of the spray deposits ranged from 3 up to 22 months. Blood-fed female Anopheles arabiensis were either released into the huts or exposed on sprayed surfaces by a bioassay technique. Mosquitoes released were recovered in exit traps fitted on windows or dead on the floor. Only 50% or less of mosquitoes released in sprayed huts were recovered. Mortality figures for recovered mosquitoes ranged from 94% at 3 months, declining to 19% for huts sprayed 18 months previously. Of the recovered mosquitoes, 60% or more attempted to escape from sprayed huts within two hours postrelease up to 15 months postspray. Bioassays gave average mortalities of 95 and 76% on thatch and mud walls, respectively. Analysis of mud samples from test huts showed that target dose of 2 g AI/m2 of DDT was not being achieved. The results support the need for an annual spraying cycle. PMID- 3225574 TI - Evaluation of a new benzoylphenylurea insect growth regulator (UC-84572) against chironomid midges in experimental ponds. PMID- 3225573 TI - Cholinesterase depression in California municipal and mosquito abatement district pesticide applicators. PMID- 3225575 TI - Differences in carbohydrate reserves between resting and flying Culex nigripalpus collected in the field. PMID- 3225576 TI - Assay of lipids, glycogen and sugars in individual mosquitoes: correlations with wing length in field-collected Aedes vexans. PMID- 3225577 TI - The horizontal distribution of Aedes pupae and their subsequent adults within a flooded dambo in Kenya: implications for Rift Valley fever virus control. PMID- 3225578 TI - Culex stigmatosoma and Cx. peus: identification of female adults in the United States. PMID- 3225579 TI - Use of elevated temperatures to kill Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti. PMID- 3225581 TI - Efficacy of a ULV insecticide mixture (HAN-malathion-resmethrin) against caged Culex mosquitoes. PMID- 3225580 TI - Substrate preference of simuliid larvae in the field in India. PMID- 3225582 TI - Control of Anopheles mosquitoes by ultra-low volume applications of d-allethrin and d-phenothrin in combination with larvicidings of fenitrothion in Tanzania. PMID- 3225583 TI - Recovery after optic neuritis in childhood. AB - Thirty-nine children who presented with optic neuritis in childhood were reviewed after a follow up period from 3 months to 29 years (mean 8.8 years). At follow up, 30 out of 39 (77%) of the children had had no further episodes and in three (8%) there was recurrence of optic neuritis alone. Multiple sclerosis had developed in six patients (15%), a much lower frequency than after optic neuritis in adult life. Regardless of the initial degree of visual impairment or neurological outcome, the visual prognosis was excellent. Pattern evoked potentials at follow-up were much more frequently normal (55%) than in adults (10%) after optic neuritis. PMID- 3225584 TI - Acute fever and delayed leukoencephalopathy following low dose intraventricular methotrexate. AB - Nine out of 14 patients treated with intraventricular methotrexate (MTX) for meningeal carcinomatosis from breast carcinoma and surviving more than 4 months developed disseminated necrotising leukoencephalopathy (DNL). All four patients who had received both intraventricular MTX and whole brain radiotherapy developed DNL. Five of the six patients who experienced an acute febrile reaction with mild encephalopathic signs following intraventricular administration of MTX developed DNL after a mean time of 5 months and a low mean dose of 44 mg MTX. DNL was also noted in two patients without a previous febrile reaction or whole brain radiotherapy, following prolonged intraventricular MTX therapy after a mean time of 19.5 months and a mean dose of 147 mg MTX. These findings confirm the hazards of (1) high cumulative doses of intrathecal MTX and (2) combined intrathecal chemotherapy and whole brain radiotherapy. This study also suggests a possible relationship between an early and transient febrile reaction during intraventricular administration of MTX and the development of DNL. PMID- 3225585 TI - Recovery from herpes simplex encephalitis: selective impairment of specific semantic categories with neuroradiological correlation. AB - The clinical, neuropsychological and neuroradiological features of two patients affected by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis are described. An experimental study for the assessment of naming, recognition and description displayed in one patient a persistent significant impairment in naming living things. The other patient showed a failing "semantic memory" for the same categories, although a significant impairment emerged only for plants. In both patients, the late neuroradiological sequelae were localised mainly in the inferior and middle gyri of the left temporal lobe and in the left-side insula. In one patient, the right-side insula was also involved. The selective cerebral damage induced by HSV-1 is stressed and a correlation between the neuroradiological and neuropsychological findings is attempted. The stereotyped anatomical and neuropsychological changes lead to the belief that the virus may recognise, within the limbic system, particular cellular "strains" on the basis of their molecular specificity. PMID- 3225586 TI - Disproportionately severe memory deficit in relation to normal intellectual functioning after closed head injury. AB - The presence of disproportionate memory impairment with relatively preserved intellectual functioning was examined in 87 survivors of moderate or severe closed head injury. Approximately one-fourth of the patients tested at 5 to 15 and/or 16 to 42 months after injury manifested defective memory on both auditory and pictorial measures despite obtaining Wechsler Verbal and Performance Intelligence Quotients within the average range. The findings indicate that disproportionately severe memory deficit persists in a subgroup of closed head injured survivors which is reminiscent in some cases of the amnesic disturbance arising from other causes. Evaluation of long term memory in relation to cognitive ability could potentially identify important distinctions for prognosis and rehabilitation in head injured patients. PMID- 3225587 TI - Temporal lobe and hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctions after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a distinct clinical syndrome. AB - Eleven patients with combined neurological and endocrine complications after external radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma are described. Neurologically, memory disturbance, complex partial seizures and hypodense areas in one or both temporal lobes on CT were typical features. Endocrinologically, hypopituitarism was the prominent manifestation. This constellation of clinical features in a patient with previous radiotherapy to the nasopharynx characterises radiation injury to the inferomedial aspects of the temporal lobes and the hypothalamic pituitary axis. While the parenchymal brain lesions may mimic metastases or glioma on CT, the associated endocrine disturbance would betray the correct diagnosis. The importance of recognising the hypopituitarism which may be clinically asymptomatic and which is amenable to therapy is emphasised, as is the need for a proper fractionation of the radiation dose to minimise the incidence of these disabling complications. PMID- 3225588 TI - Spatial contrast sensitivity in benign intracranial hypertension. AB - Spatial Contrast Sensitivity (CS) was studied in 20 patients with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH). At presentation CS loss was found in 43% of the eyes, and impairment of visual acuity attributed to BIH in only 16%. Nine patients had blurred vision or visual obscurations, all of whom had abnormal CS. The clinical application of CS measurement in BIH for monitoring the progression or regression of the disease is illustrated by serial measurements in 11 patients. Progressive visual loss in longstanding papilloedema and improvement of visual function in subsiding papilloedema can occur without any change in Snellen acuity or visual field charting. PMID- 3225589 TI - Ultralate cerebral potentials as correlates of delayed pain perception: observation in a case of neurosyphilis. AB - Evoked cerebral potentials were investigated in a patient with neurosyphilis, who showed the symptoms of delayed pain perception in the lower limbs: a pinprick to the legs was perceived with a latency of more than one second. After stimulation with CO2 laser radiant heat pulses, evoked cerebral potentials of upper limbs were observed in a latency range comparable to those of healthy subjects, with a negative peak at 250 ms and a positive peak at 370 ms. In contrast, after application of laser stimuli to body sites with delayed pain perception, latency of the evoked potentials drastically increased with a vertex negativity at 1300 ms and a positivity at 1420 ms. Evoked potential measurements with conventional electrical stimuli did not show any difference between affected and unaffected body sites, that is, stimulation of the affected body sites did not produce pathological potentials. PMID- 3225590 TI - Late onset isofenphos neurotoxicity. AB - Late progressive polyneuropathy followed by pyramidal findings in a 20 year old agricultural labourer who ingested Isofenphos solution during his work, is presented. The patient was confined to a wheelchair within 6 weeks, regained walking ability within 6 months, and a 23 months' follow up revealed slight additional clinical improvement with minimal progression of the pyramidal signs. The neuropathic clinical manifestations, the EMG and the nerve conduction studies were compatible with a pathology of a distal, mainly axonal, mainly motor neuropathy. PMID- 3225591 TI - Dystonic-Parkinsonian syndrome after cyanide poisoning: clinical and MRI findings. AB - Progressive Parkinsonism, dystonia and apraxia of eye opening were seen after cyanide poisoning. CT scan and MRI showed lesions in the basal ganglia, cerebellum and cerebral cortex consistent with reported pathological findings. PMID- 3225592 TI - Fatal cerebellar herniation secondary to Camurati-Englemann's disease. AB - Suboccipital craniotomy and cervical laminectomy were performed in a patient with Camurati-Englemann's disease to relieve symptoms of medullary compression. In spite of surgical decompression, the patient expired on the fourth postoperative day from cerebellar herniation. PMID- 3225593 TI - Micrographia secondary to lenticular haematoma. PMID- 3225594 TI - Acquired focal dystonia following recovery from central pontine myelinolysis. PMID- 3225595 TI - Reversible intracranial circulatory arrest in acute subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 3225596 TI - Auditory long latency event-related potentials in Alzheimer's disease and multi infarct dementia. AB - An auditory discrimination paradigm was employed to elicit event-related brain potentials in 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 14 patients with multi infarct dementia. The P300 latency was significantly prolonged in 12 patients with dementia compared with age-matched controls and showed a significant negative correlation with the score of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), especially with that of Digit Span subtest. There was no disease specificity. After physostigmine treatment, P300 latency decreased and WAIS score increased in 6 among 10 cases. PMID- 3225597 TI - Physiological characterisation of the "warm up" effect of activity in patients with myotonic dystrophy. AB - Contractile properties of adductor pollicis muscle were examined over a range of stimulation frequencies in patients with myotonic dystrophy and normal subjects. In patients, fresh muscle demonstrated impaired relaxation, weakness at all frequencies and selective loss of force and excitation at high frequencies. During stimulated "fatiguing" activity, patients showed improvements in force and relaxation which appeared to result from normalisation of membrane excitation. Normal twitch potentiation also occurred during activity suggesting intact excitation-contraction coupling. These electrophysiological findings help to characterise and explain the "warm up" effect described by patients. PMID- 3225598 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome: a model of random conduction block. AB - In the Guillain-Barre syndrome clinical deficit is caused by failure of conduction in nerve fibres. Immunological mechanisms are generally held responsible, but the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. A recent longitudinal analysis of the distribution of lesions along the nerve trunks suggested two main patterns. In one of them, motor conduction block dispersed over the length of the nerve trunk was found, whereas sensory fibres were usually spared. For further pathogenetic studies of this subgroup, it is important to know whether conduction block occurs randomly or at preferred sites. As a tool to establish this, a model for conduction block is presented, based on a random distribution of lesions in the peripheral nerves. It is applicable to compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) obtained in routine EMG studies. Comparison of predicted and measured CMAPs in a first group of seven Guillain-Barre patients with evidence of conduction block supports the concept of a random distribution of lesions in this subgroup. PMID- 3225600 TI - Observations on the applicability of the Wartenberg pendulum test to healthy, elderly subjects. AB - Wartenberg developed his pendulum test as a simple but precise test to assist examination of muscle tone in patients with Parkinson's disease. It has recently been reintroduced, and computerised, to evaluate spasticity in young hemiplegics. The results are reported on the highly successful application of this computerised test to large numbers of healthy, elderly subjects. The data have provided normal values for a number of measurements. Analysis of variance has shown that differences between individual subjects account for a major part of the total variabilities seen in all measurements taken. Factors such as position, leg and time trend contribute very little to total variation and, for practical purposes, can be ignored. PMID- 3225601 TI - Does the Wartenberg pendulum test differentiate quantitatively between spasticity and rigidity? A study in elderly stroke and Parkinsonian patients. AB - The results of applying the Wartenberg pendulum test to the assessment of muscle tone in populations of stroke and Parkinsonian patients are described. The test was able to distinguish between increased muscle tone of the spastic or rigid type. The Parkinsonian patients showed a marked reduction of the maximum velocity of the leg swing, with the relaxation index tending to a value of about one. In contrast the affected limb of stroke patients showed a lesser reduction of the velocity of the swing, the relaxation index tending to a value of less than one. PMID- 3225599 TI - The conduction velocities of peripheral nerve fibres conveying sensations of warming and cooling. AB - With the current practice of measuring thresholds for warming and cooling separately, the question of the exact nature of afferents subserving these sensations assumes new importance. Experiments to measure reaction times to warming and cooling stimuli at two sites on the lower limb are described. The conduction velocity for each sensation was estimated from the conduction distance and conduction time in the limb. The estimated mean conduction velocity for warming was 0.5, SD 0.2 m/s and cooling 2.1, SD 0.8 m/s. These figures confirm that the sensation of warming is conveyed in unmyelinated and cooling in small myelinated peripheral nerve fibres. PMID- 3225602 TI - Conservatively treated patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation: mental and physical outcome. AB - Twenty five patients with conservatively treated cerebral arteriovenous malformation were followed up for a mean of 10.6 years after diagnosis. The follow up included neuropsychological examination. Bleeding did not occur after the time of diagnosis. Three patients had moderate to severe neurological deficits, five had moderate to severe intellectual impairment. Nineteen had an unaffected occupational status. It is concluded that the outcome in conservatively treated patients may be no worse than in surgically treated patients. PMID- 3225603 TI - Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in patients with relapsing/remitting form and chronic progressive form of multiple sclerosis. AB - Sera of 106 multiple sclerosis patients and 103 closely matched controls were examined for Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. The prevalence rate in multiple sclerosis patients was 14.2%, in controls 25.2%. Overall prevalence was 20.1%. Mean IgG antibody level was insignificantly higher in controls than in multiple sclerosis patients. Patients with a chronic progressive course of multiple sclerosis had an insignificantly higher mean borrelia antibody level, when compared with those suffering from relapsing/remitting form of disease. PMID- 3225604 TI - Cerebral venous thrombosis as presenting sign of myeloproliferative disorders. AB - Two patients with cerebral venous thrombosis are described. In both patients laboratory findings suggested an underlying haematological disorder and bone marrow biopsy showed a myeloproliferative disorder. Both chronic cerebral venous thrombosis and early myeloproliferative disorders are difficult to diagnose. Their combined occurrence may be less rare than is frequently supposed. PMID- 3225605 TI - Hand contractures in Parkinson's disease. AB - Three cases of hand contractures due to Parkinson's disease and possible mechanisms that may be involved in their pathogenesis are described. PMID- 3225606 TI - A case of progressive subcortical gliosis presenting clinically as Steele Richardson-Olszewski syndrome. AB - A patient presenting with the characteristic clinical features of Steele Richardson-Olszewski syndrome is described, in whom neuropathological examination revealed atypical features, including extensive cortical and subcortical gliosis. The clinical and pathological features are discussed with particular reference to Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease and it is proposed that the case should be classified as progressive subcortical gliosis. PMID- 3225607 TI - Familial autoimmune myasthenia gravis with different pathogenetic antibodies. AB - Two cases of familial myasthenia gravis are reported. One patient is a typical case of autoimmune myasthenia with positive anti acetylcholine receptor antibodies, while in the second patient the impairment of neuromuscular transmission is likely to be due to antibodies directed against determinants other than the acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 3225608 TI - Ectopic midline spinal ganglion in diastematomyelia: a study of its connections. AB - The connections of an ectopic midline spinal ganglion associated with an asymptomatic sacral diastematomyelia were studied. The ganglion was intercalated in the ventral root of one hemicord and sent its efferents to the dorsal root of the other hemicord. The afferents joined the anterior root to form a midline intradural spinal nerve in the cauda equina. Islands of ectopic glia were present in both roots and the spinal nerve. Both the midline position of the ganglion and the glial heterotopias can be tentatively explained by the failure of incorporation of the dorsal cell wedge ("Zwischenstrang") into the divided neural tube. PMID- 3225609 TI - Musical hallucinations following removal of a right frontal meningioma. PMID- 3225610 TI - Complete visual inversion in vertebrobasilar ischaemic disease. PMID- 3225611 TI - Aneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery following chiropractic manipulation. PMID- 3225612 TI - Unusual idiosyncratic reactions to carbamazepine. PMID- 3225613 TI - Autonomic neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3225614 TI - Paraplegia as a presenting feature of meningococcal meningitis. PMID- 3225615 TI - Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency. PMID- 3225616 TI - The frequency of brain lesions in alcoholics. Comparison between the 5-year periods 1975-1979 and 1983-1987. AB - This is a follow-up study of a previous investigation of brain lesions in alcoholics during the 5-year period from 1975 through 1979 (Torvik et al. 1982). The autopsy material from the 5-year period 1983-1987 was examined in order to see whether improved clinical treatment had resulted in a reduced frequency of alcohol-related brain lesions, particularly of active Wernicke's encephalopathy. The percentage of alcoholics (8.2 vs. 8.7%), the male/female ratio (4.2/1) and their mean age (60.4 vs. 62.2 years) were similar in the two recording periods, as was the frequency of alcoholic cerebellar atrophy (26.8 vs. 27.6%). In both periods the brain weight in male alcoholics aged 40-70 years was significantly lower than in age-matched controls. This difference was not present after 70 years of age. The most important finding was a considerable but not significant reduction of the frequency of active and inactive Wernicke's encephalopathy in alcoholics. Review of the clinical records supports the hypothesis that this reduction reflects better diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the clinical departments. However, even during the last period most cases of active Wernicke's encephalopathy were not recognized clinically and further improvement of the clinical management should therefore be possible. PMID- 3225617 TI - Absence of linkage with the Duffy blood group in a family with Charcot-Marie Tooth neuropathy. AB - We report a large Belgian family with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I (HMSN-I). The pedigree consists of 5 generations with 350 family members comprising 42 patients. The disease is transmitted according to an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Several HMSN I families have been reported to be closely linked to the Duffy blood group marker on chromosome 1. These families were designated HMSN-Ib families, opposed to the HMSN-Ia families which do not show evidence for such a linkage. Therefore we examined our family for the Duffy linkage relationship. We found no evidence for a strong linkage of the disease to the Duffy blood group locus, indicating that this family is of genetic subtype Ia. PMID- 3225618 TI - A search for protein abnormalities in erythrocyte membranes and platelets from patients with multiple sclerosis using double-label two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Proteins from erythrocyte membranes and whole platelets from patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) and normal subjects were compared using a double label two-dimensional procedure. No consistent differences were found in the proteins adherent or intrinsic to erythrocyte membranes. The results of initial studies with platelets showed the absence of a group of three protein spots in the electrophoretic gels of the MS specimens. Further experiments suggested that these results were probably due to minor differences in the handling of the MS and normal specimens although the possibility of a difference in protease activity was not completely eliminated. PMID- 3225619 TI - Reorganization of motor units in reinnervated muscles of the rat. AB - Changes in motor unit organisation following nerve injury in adult and neonatal rats were compared. Motor units were studied in extensor digitorum longus muscles reinnervated after nerve injury in either neonatal or adult rats. The force developed by individual motor units was measured by stimulating ventral root filaments. After nerve section in adult rats the distribution of motor unit force was restored to normal but this did not occur following nerve crush in neonatal animals. Thus following nerve injury during the neonatal period the muscles were not only permanently weaker, but the distribution of motor unit sizes was also abnormal. Muscle fibres belonging to a single motor unit were identified histologically by the glycogen depletion method, and their fibre type and cross sectional area measured. Although all the fibres of the same unit became histochemically homogeneous, they showed greater variation in size than normal units, suggesting that factors other than the influence of the axons control the size of muscle fibres. PMID- 3225620 TI - Membrane plasma exchange in experimental allergic neuritis: effect on antibody levels and clinical course. AB - The effect of membrane plasma exchange on the course of chronic experimental allergic neuritis in rabbits is described. Using miniature membrane plasma separators conscious animals were treated with 4 exchanges over 5 days removing one plasma volume per procedure and using a non-immunogenic gelatin plasma solution as replacement. Comparisons of clinical scores between control and treated groups indicated that treated animals received significant benefit from plasma exchange (day 1 post-treatment P less than 0.002; day 3 post-treatment P less than 0.01). However, relapse was observed in all plasma exchanged animals such that by day 8 post-treatment there was no significant difference in clinical scores between the two groups. Quantitation of anti-myelin IgG and IgM by ELISA assay showed that 55-60% of circulating antibody was removed per exchange. Rapid post-exchange antibody rebound was observed for both IgG and IgM so that pre exchange levels were re-established within 24-48 h. However, no significant overshoot in circulating levels of anti-myelin IgG nor IgM could be observed. It is probable that long-term remission as a result of therapeutic plasma exchange is a function of effective circulating plasma removal and if present, the suppression of ongoing antigenic stimuli. PMID- 3225621 TI - Metabolic myopathy produced by dinitrofluorobenzene inhibition of creatine phosphokinase. AB - A previously developed animal model of exercise-induced muscle contractures, which utilized intra-aortic injection of iodoacetate (IOA) to inhibit the second stage glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, showed histological evidence of selective type II muscle fiber involvement with sparing of the type I muscle fibers. A new model has been developed using dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) as a selective inhibitor of creatine phosphokinase in a similar, but slightly modified distal aortic injection protocol. Two hours after the injection of a dinitrofluorobenzene solution of 2.22 mg/kg body weight, spontaneous electrically-silent contracture developed in the injected lower extremity, involving principally the soleus muscle. Histologically, selective damage was apparent in the type I muscle fibers, with sparing of the type II muscle fibers. The contrast in findings associated with iodoacetate inhibition of glycolysis or with DNFB inhibition of the phosphocreatine shuttle suggests that type I and type II fibers have markedly different usable pools of readily available ATP: type II fibers must rely on the minute-by-minute replenishment of the usable pool of ATP from glycolysis, while type I fibers must regenerate the usable pool of ATP from phosphocreatine through a creatine phosphokinase-mediated process. PMID- 3225622 TI - Central nervous system involvement in early and late syphilis: the problem of asymptomatic neurosyphilis. AB - Patients with syphilitic infections are at risk of development of symptomatic neurosyphilis. Adequate treatment with 2.4-7.2 x 10(6) units benzyl penicillin-G intramuscularly within 1 year after infection will rule out this risk. However, more than 1 year after infection this treatment is not fully reliable. In asymptomatic CNS involvement (asymptomatic neurosyphilis) only intravenous penicillin treatment is considered to be adequate in the prevention of neurosyphilis. In this study we redefined criteria for this condition by comparing serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of symptomatic neurosyphilitic patients with those of latent syphilitic patients without CNS involvement. Diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization and of Centers of Disease Control for asymptomatic neurosyphilis (positive CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, combined with raised CSF cell count and/or protein content) were studied and compared with some newer parameters such as signs of intrathecal treponemal antibody production (Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay and intrathecal Treponema pallidum assay index), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) index. The results of this study in 203 syphilitic patients revealed that either a positive CSF-VDRL or combination of a raised IgG and/or IgM index with an elevated CSF cell count both are useful criteria for "ruling-in" asymptomatic neurosyphilis. PMID- 3225624 TI - Effect of fiber types, fascicle size and halothane on caffeine contractures in rat muscles. AB - Caffeine contractures were recorded from thin bundles and whole extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of rat, and correlated with preparation size and fiber types. Thin bundles were more sensitive to caffeine and halothane than whole muscles, and bundles of 100% type I fibers were more sensitive than bundles of 100% type II fibers. Magnitude of contracture had significant correlation with maximal tetanic tension, total number of fibers, thickness of the preparation, and proportion of type I fibers. These results suggest that fascicle size and fiber types significantly affect results of in vitro contracture test for susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 3225623 TI - Amyotrophy of the hands and pyramidal features of predominantly the legs segregating within one large family. AB - Eleven patients of one kindred are described with amyotrophy of the hands or pyramidal features of predominantly the legs or both. Clinical examination indicated neuronal origin of wasting and weakness of the hands, whereas electrophysiological investigations suggested motor neuropathy. It is suggested that both lower and motor neuron signs are segregating as independent autosomal dominant traits. PMID- 3225625 TI - Response of dystrophic muscles to reduced load. AB - We have previously reported that, in dystrophic mice, functional overload has a damaging effect on the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. In the present study, we have examined the effect of a load reduction on the TA and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Our results show that reducing the passive load to which these muscles are subjected in dystrophic mice by resecting the Achilles tendon has a beneficial effect. The force output of the "released" EDL muscle improved, while the time course of contraction and relaxation of the "released" TA muscle became faster. Also in this muscle, resistance to fatigue became significantly greater. Low frequency electrical stimulation of the "released" muscles via implanted electrodes had little effect on their force output. It led, however, to a relative speeding of their time course of contraction and relaxation and to a further increase in their resistance to fatigue. Taken together, our results suggest that the beneficial effect of low frequency electrical stimulation on the force output of weak dystrophic muscles, described in the preceding paper, might be conditioned by the load to which these muscles are subjected. PMID- 3225626 TI - Evidence against location of the gene for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy on the distal long arm of chromosome 14. AB - A panel of 399 individuals from 24 kindreds with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) has been established for genetic linkage studies. A previous suggestion of linkage on the distal long arm of chromosome 14 to the locus (IGHG) for the constant region of the heavy chain of IgG immunoglobulin was tested from serum Gm allotypes and from DNA analysis using an IGHG DNA probe. After applying an age-dependent weighting for presently unaffected but at risk individuals close linkage between the IGHG and FSHD loci was excluded. PMID- 3225627 TI - Hypoglycemic neuropathy in experimental diabetes. AB - Morphological and electrophysiological observations were made over 4 weeks on 5 groups of 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. These were comprised of controls, untreated diabetics, and diabetic animals in which sustained hypoglycemia, moderate hypoglycemia, or normoglycemia was induced by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy. Teased fiber studies showed a marked increase in the number of myelinated fibers undergoing axonal degeneration and regeneration in the tibial nerve of severe hypoglycemic and also in moderate hypoglycemic animals but not in controls, untreated diabetic and normoglycemic groups. There was also a significant correlation between episodes of hypoglycemia (less than or equal to 2.0 mmol/l) and the prevalence of axonal degeneration and regeneration in CSII-treated diabetics. Motor nerve conduction velocity was significantly reduced in the moderate and severe hypoglycemic groups and also in untreated diabetic animals when compared with controls. However, it was significantly improved in the normoglycemic group over the untreated diabetic and severe hypoglycemic groups. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that severe or even mild hypoglycemia produced a detrimental effect on peripheral nerve structure and function in experimental diabetes. Therefore, it may be desirable to avoid even asymptomatic hypoglycemia in the management of diabetes. PMID- 3225628 TI - Morphometric analysis of normal skeletal muscles in infancy, childhood and adolescence. An autopsy study. AB - The deltoid and lateral vastus muscles of 113 subjects aged from 1 week to 20 years who had suddenly died from accidents were studied at autopsy 8-48 h after death (mean 22 h). All muscles studied gave a positive histochemical reaction for ATPase after alkaline preincubation and for NADH-TR; the fact that the dehydrogenase was still active indicated that the material was reasonably well preserved. The muscles of children shortly after birth contained about 40% type 1 fibres; the percentage of these fibres increased to about 60% within the first 2 postnatal years and then remained constant. This indicates that the normal type 2 to type 1 transformation during development is not completed at birth. The mean diameter of the muscle fibres shortly after birth was 10-12 micron, and at age 15 20 years it was 40-60 micron. The standard deviation of the diameters within a sample never exceeded 20% of the mean value. The 5-fold increase in diameter corresponded to an increase in cross-sectional area by a factor of 25. The largest increase was observed in type 2 fibres of males (31-fold) which at age 15 20 years tended to be thicker than type 1 fibres while in females of that age type 2 fibres tended to be of smaller diameter than type 1 fibres. Before the age of 15, there was no difference between muscles from males and females, and type 1 fibres were usually thicker than type 2 fibres. PMID- 3225629 TI - Familial myopathy associated with thrombocytopenia: a clinical and histomorphometric study. AB - We describe an unusual vacuolar myopathy with tubular aggregates in a mother and son from a family presenting with a slowly progressive, predominantly limb girdle, weakness and distal upper limb weakness in association with reduced blood clotting ability. To our knowledge this is the first report of a familial clinical defect of both muscle and platelets in the same individuals. The possibility that the primary defect may be due to an abnormality of the tubular intramembranous systems in muscle cells and platelet precursors is discussed. PMID- 3225630 TI - Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy. An animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: clinical studies. AB - The progression of clinical disease and serum creatine kinase (CK) levels in canine X-linked muscular dystrophy (CXMD) was studied in 7 dogs from birth to 12 14 months and in 18 dogs at varying intervals from birth to 8 weeks. One affected male was studied from age 3.5 to 6 years, and all pups were descendants of this dog. A lethal neonatal form was recognized in some pups. In the more typical form, clinical signs of stunting, weakness and gait abnormalities were evident by 6-9 weeks and were progressive, leading to marked muscle atrophy, fibrosis and contractures by 6 months. Serum CK levels were markedly elevated, such that affected pups could be identified by 1 week. CK values increased until 6-8 weeks, then plateaued at approx. 100 times normal. Affected females and beagle-cross dogs were less severely affected than large breed-cross dogs. In the 2 adult dogs with cardiac insufficiency CK levels had decreased to 5-15 times normal. These studies show that CXMD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy have striking phenotypic as well as genotypic similarities. In addition, these studies of CXMD suggest that in females and in smaller dogs the same genetic defect results in a less severe clinical disease. PMID- 3225631 TI - Levels of total gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), free GABA and homocarnosine in cerebrospinal fluid of epileptic patients before and during gamma-vinyl-GABA (vigabatrin) treatment. AB - Levels of total gamma-aminobutyric acid (TGABA), free GABA (FGABA), and homocarnosine (HC) were studied in CSF taken from 12 controls and 28 patients with drug-refractory epilepsy before and during 7 months of gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG) administration. At baseline TGABA and FGABA in CSF of epileptic patients did not differ from that of the controls. In epileptic patients HC was 127% of that in controls. During GVG treatment TGABA was 283%, FGABA 197%, and HC 310% of the levels at baseline in the same patients. The patients who had over 50% reduction in seizure frequency during GVG (responders, 46% of the study population) at baseline had higher TGABA and HC in CSF than patients with less than 50% reduction in seizures (non-responders). During GVG the responders and nonresponders had similar levels of different GABAergic markers. The present study shows that in man GVG treatment effectively suppresses seizures in nearly half of the epileptic patients who had previously been drug-refractory. The elevated levels of GABAergic markers in CSF are not, however, necessarily related to good seizure control during GVG. PMID- 3225632 TI - Histological investigations of muscle atrophy and end plates in two critically ill patients with generalized weakness. AB - We describe pathological alterations at the light microscopical and ultrastructural level of motor end plates and muscle fibres in 2 critically ill patients with generalized muscular atrophy and weakness. Axonal degeneration of intramuscular nerve fibres was not conspicuous. The sural nerve in one patient showed only minor abnormalities. There was a marked atrophy of type 1 and especially type 2 muscle fibres. Nodal and ultraterminal nerve sprouts were seen in both biopsies. Motor end plates showed features of regeneration. They were enlarged in one patient. This patient was treated for a prolonged period with vecuronium bromide. Pharmacological denervation may explain the presence of fibrillation potentials, and, partially, of the histological abnormalities. Another factor which must be considered is inhibition of neuromuscular transmission by antibiotics. In addition to disuse atrophy and a minor degree of axonal neuropathy, the production of muscle proteolytic factors may be involved in the rapidly occurring massive loss of muscle fibre size in critically ill patients. PMID- 3225633 TI - Whole brain irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate in the treatment of solid tumor leptomeningeal metastases--a Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - From 1981 through 1985 the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) conducted a study evaluating the natural history and the effectiveness of standard therapy in those patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from non-hematologic malignancies. Twenty-six patients were evaluated for the effectiveness of treatment; those who responded to therapy by one month exhibited a median additional survival of 5.7 months and those who were not responders at one month exhibited a median additional survival of 1.8 months. We were unable to identify pre-treatment clinical characteristics which would predict for a favorable response to therapy. Aggressive treatment in some patients may be indicated, as those patients who respond to treatment may have a survival benefit. The overall prognosis in this patient group remains exceedingly poor. PMID- 3225634 TI - Tumor cord and growth in human brain tumors based on mathematical morphology. AB - The growth of human brain tumor was quantitatively investigated by using the anti bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) monoclonal antibody and the texture analyzing system (TAS). Tissues from thirty eight patients consisting of 22 gliomas, 8 brain metastases, 1 cerebellar hemangioblastoma and 7 normal white matters were applied in this study. Mean values of growth fractions (GFs) were 29.4% in group 1, 14.8% in group 2, and 6.5% in group 3. The higher value of GFs showed a significantly larger degree of perivascular aggregation of S-phase cells (DPAS). The mean number of cells in each tumor cord was approximately 20, which is not significantly larger than that of the normal group. But there was a significant difference between the non-selected area of the histologically malignant or benign gliomas and the proliferating area of the biologically malignant or benign brain tumors (t-value; p less than 0.001). A significant difference was also noticed in the mean area and diameter of tumor cords (t-value; p less than 0.001). From the point of view of biological behavior in human brain tumor, it is suggested that one tumor cord contains approximately 20 viable cells in the proliferating area in both benign and malignant brain tumors, and that if viable cells increase to more than 20 cells in one TC, necrotic cells and the diameter and area of the TC will increase, because the vessel-density is decreased by the occlusion of the vessels and the death of the endothels. PMID- 3225635 TI - Early and delayed neurotoxicity of mitoxantrone and doxorubicin following subarachnoid injection. AB - Doxorubicin (DXR) and Mitoxantrone (MXN) were administered into the subarachnoid space of mice or the ventricular system of rats. The maximal non-toxic systemic single dose (zero mortality = LDo) of DXR or MXN was used as reference for planning drug doses for CSF administration. LDo in mice were: 8 mg/kg DXR and 6 mg/kg MXN; in rats: 6 mg/kg DXR and 4.5 mg/kg MXN. Signs of neurotoxicity were remarkably similar in DXR or MXN treatment animals and included: head tremor, atactic-dystonic posture and circling behavior. The toxicity was dose dependent. Doses of greater than or equal to 10% the LDo caused early appearance of clinical signs: a dose of 10% LDo caused neurotoxicity in 90% of DXR treated mice and in only 15% of MXN-treated animals. Treatment with 25% LDo MXN caused neurotoxicity in 30% of treated animals. Doses of less than or equal to 5% the LDo caused a delayed onset of DXR neurotoxicity in one third of treated mice (after 60-90 days). In rats, neurotoxicity was of an early onset and augmented severity following doses of greater than or equal to 5% LDo. Abnormal histopathological findings were detected only in symptomatic animals with early toxicity and were usually restricted to superficial cortical layers in mice or the basal surface of the brainstem in rats. Brains of mice with delayed toxicity were unremarkable. The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites (DA, DOPAC, HVA, NE, 5HT) in the striatum, cortex and cerebellum of mice with early and delayed DXR neurotoxicity did not differ from normal brains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225636 TI - Treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma with chemotherapy: a report of two cases. AB - Esthesioneuroblastoma is an uncommon tumor arising from the olfactory epithelium within the nasopharynx. Conventional treatment consists of surgical resection and irradiation. The use of chemotherapy in limited responses has been reported using cyclophosphamide, thio-TEPA, nitrogen mustard, vincristine, doxorubicin, and chlorambucil as single drugs or in various combinations. Two cases are presented in which neurologic involvement prompted the application of intraventricular methotrexate by an implantable constant infusion drug delivery system in one patient and intra-arterial cis-platinum in combination with intravenous 5 fluorocytosine in a second patient. The tumor of the first patient responded to irradiation followed by methotrexate for four years. The second patient experienced a brief response to the combined chemotherapy following surgery for a recurrent esthesioneuroblastoma. A brief review of the literature regarding chemotherapy and the aggressive form of esthesioneuroblastoma is presented. PMID- 3225637 TI - Improved localization of infratentorial ependymoma by magnetic resonance imaging: implications for radiation treatment planning. AB - Ependymomas of the posterior fossa extend into the upper cervical spinal cord in approximately one-third of cases. Unfortunately, the posterior fossa and upper cervical cord region is often poorly seen on computed tomography (CT), making radiotherapy planning difficult. We report five cases of posterior fossa ependymoma with extension into the cervical cord where magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the caudal extent of tumor more clearly than CT. The extent of tumor depicted by MRI in each case correlated well with the operative findings. Higher doses of radiotherapy to the entire tumor volume are associated with improved survival in infratentorial ependymoma; however, the radiation tolerance of the cervical spinal cord is close to the dose necessary to control posterior fossa ependymoma, making limitation of radiation field volumes important. MRI may provide a method of precisely defining caudal tumor extent of posterior fossa ependymomas so that limited volume, high dose radiotherapy can be more safely administered to these patients. PMID- 3225638 TI - Dexamethasone effects on vascular volume and tissue hematocrit in experimental RG 2 gliomas and adjacent brain. AB - We have studied the effects of dexamethasone, a corticosteroid commonly used to treat brain tumors, on vascular volume and tissue hematocrit in RG-2 experimental rat gliomas. 125I-RISA (radioiodinated serum albumin) was used to measure tissue plasma vascular volume (Vp) and 51Cr labeled red cells were used to measure tissue red cell volume (Vrbc). Quantitative autoradiography was used to obtain local measurements of Vp and Vrbc in different brain and tumor regions. From these experimentally measured values, we calculated the tissue vascular volume (Vv), tissue hematocrit (THct) and systemic arterial hematocrit (AHct). The value reported primarily reflect capillary and small vessel volumes since blood drained from larger vessels during tissue processing and large vascular structures were avoided during analysis of the autoradiographic images. A total of 110 tumors were studied in 29 animals. There was a consistent trend for Vp and Vv to be reduced in all tumor regions after dexamethasone treatment, although a significant decrease was seen only in tumor center. Dexamethasone did not affect Vp or Vv in tumor-free brain regions. Dexamethasone appeared to have little effect on Vrbc in any brain or tumor region. THct was consistently, although not significantly, higher in tumors after treatment with dexamethasone; THct in tumor free brain regions was unaffected by dexamethasone treatment. PMID- 3225639 TI - Establishment, characterization and chemosensitivity of two human glioma derived cell lines. AB - Two continuous human glioma derived cell lines, LI and DF, were established in our laboratory. Both cell lines showed cytological features and in vitro behavior similar to those of the respective original neoplasms. These two lines were characterized for their main biological properties including in vitro and in vivo growth rate, clonogenic ability and tumorigenicity in nude mice. The plating efficiencies were generally high both during exponential and stationary growth phases and a high tumorigenicity was observed. All injected nude mice developed tumors. The two lines were tested for chemosensitivity to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl) 1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP). Heterogeneity in biological features and in drug sensitivity was observed. Exposure of the two lines to BCNU and DDP showed that the glioblastoma (LI) was less sensitive than the anaplastic astrocytoma (DF). For both lines BCNU was more effective on cells in plateau than in exponential phase, while the killing effect of DDP was not phase-dependent. PMID- 3225640 TI - Effect of lonidamine on human malignant gliomas: biochemical studies. AB - Lonidamine (LND) has been shown to inhibit tumor aerobic glycolysis. Its effect was evaluated on several human astrocytomas at different degrees of malignancy; a correlation was found between LDN effect on lactate production and tumor malignancy: in grade I and II astrocytomas LND stimulates lactate production, while in grade III, IV and glioblastoma multiforme lactate production is inhibited. In an attempt to explain this different behaviour, hexokinase content and compartmentation was evaluated in astrocytomas from fresh operatory specimens and from cultured cells as well, observing a significative correlation between malignancy, hexokinase activity, percent of mitochondrially-bound hexokinase and LND effect. The results justify from a biochemical point of view the role of LND as a 'non-conventional' agent in multimodality combined treatment for malignant gliomas. PMID- 3225641 TI - Intrathecal ACNU--a new therapeutic approach against malignant leptomeningeal tumors. AB - Pharmacokinetics, toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of intrathecal ACNU, 3-[4 amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso urea, were studied in rats to determine if it is a new and effective method for the treatment of malignant leptomeningeal tumors. Pharmacokinetics of intracisternally administered ACNU was studied by macroscopical autoradiography using 14C-labeled ACNU. It was demonstrated that intracisternally administered ACNU distributed in the subarachnoid space and subpial layer of the brain in high concentration and was rapidly eliminated into the systemic circulation. The diffusional transport of ACNU into the deeper part of the brain was limited. More than 3.0 mg/kg of intracisternal ACNU induced progressive loss of the weight of body in normal rats, and 80% of the rat given 6.0 mg/kg died. Increase of capillary permeability, neuronal loss and gliosis were observed in the marginal layer of the brain facing to the subarachnoid space in the rat given more than 3.0 mg/kg of ACNU. Systemic and local toxicity was not observed in the rat given less than 1.5 mg/kg. Therapeutic effect of intrathecal ACNU against leptomeningeal tumors was evaluated in the rat with meningeal carcinomatosis induced by intracisternal inoculation of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells. The median survival time of the rat treated with 1.5 mg/kg of intracisternal ACNU once on day 2 or on day 5 after tumor inoculation was significantly prolonged by 173%, and 214% at maximum, respectively, as compared with that of the untreated animal. These findings suggest that intrathecal ACNU may be of value for clinical trial against leptomeningeal tumors. PMID- 3225642 TI - Brain stem gliomas: a clinicopathological analysis of 23 histologically proven cases. AB - The clinical and anatomic pathological findings in 23 patients with histologically proven brain stem glioma were reviewed. Eleven patients had malignant tumors (astrocytoma, grade III, and glioblastoma multiforme) and the remaining had low grade ones. The primary site of the tumor was the pons in 15 of 21 patients examined, followed by the medulla oblongata and midbrain. Continuous cephalad and caudad involvement of pontine tumors was evident in 14 patients, and was more extensive in the high grade gliomas. At autopsy, the tumor spread via the CSF was observed in all patients with high grade but not low grade tumors. Open surgical posterior fossa exploration was performed on 12 patients. Volume reduction, by partial removal of the tumor and/or by cyst evacuation, was performed on seven, with good results. Nineteen patients were given radiation therapy, with temporary improvement of the clinical conditions. While none of the patients with malignant tumors survived more than 15 months after diagnosis, those with low grade tumors had a five-year actuarial survival rate of 50.0%, and three survived more than ten years after the diagnosis. Our data indicate that brain stem gliomas are not a homogeneous group of tumors as far as the clinical and pathological features are concerned. This heterogeneity shows the need to design specific treatments for these tumors. PMID- 3225643 TI - Elevated levels of head activator in human brain tumors and in serum of patients with brain and other neurally derived tumors. AB - In normal human tissue high concentrations of the neuropeptide head activator are found in the hypothalamus, in the retina, and in the gastro-intestinal tract. Up to 100-fold elevated levels of head activator over neighbouring tissue were found in tumors of the brain, especially in tumors of neural origin like astrocytoma and glioblastoma, but also in meningioma. Coincident with elevated tissue levels, an increased secretion into the general circulation was observed. Elevated levels of head activator in the blood were also observed in patients with tumors in peripheral locations, especially in tumors of gastrointestinal tract and/or of neuroendocrine origin. After tumor removal, the head activator levels in the blood dropped to normal values suggesting a possible role of head activator in neuroendocrine tumorigenesis. PMID- 3225644 TI - Paraplegia due to epidural infiltration in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is described during the course of which paraplegia appeared caused by epidural compression of the tissue by leukemic cells. This complication in CLL is rare. The disorders of the nervous system during the course of leukemia are summarized, and, in particular, the circumstances pertaining to the occurrence of paraplegia during chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3225645 TI - Cis-platinum ototoxicity after radiation treatment: an animal model. AB - The chemotherapeutic agent cis-platinum has been used effectively as a treatment for many tumors. One of the most common toxic effects caused by this treatment is ototoxicity. More severe hearing loss has been reported in patients who had received cranial radiation prior to chemotherapy with cis-platinum. The present laboratory study was undertaken with chinchillas to determine whether ototoxicity is potentiated by cis-platinum administration after cochlear irradiation. Results support the clinical observation that cranial radiation prior to administration of an ototoxic chemotherapeutic agent can have a synergistic effect of increased susceptibility to the ototoxic potential of the agent. PMID- 3225646 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. PMID- 3225647 TI - A study on surface reproduction of dental stone models. Detail reproduction test of dental stone and its surface smoothness. PMID- 3225648 TI - Operatory indications and licence of craniostenosis. AB - On average 0.04% of the population is affected by craniostenosis. It is believed there are anatomo-clinical forms at moderate risk and others at high risk. The neurosurgical indications are very different according to various Authors. The forms at high risk which are caused by an isolated synostosis of the coronal system with brachicephalia are either associated to other synostosis (oxicephalia) or to facial synostosis should always be operated, with various techniques, within the first 6 months of life. Basing on the experience of 3 cases of craniostenosis, deliberately not operated on, followed and controlled for over 20 years from the decision of not to operate, all in excellent general condition both neurological and psychiatric, the Authors consider and discuss the criteria of surgical indications with particular regard to clinical objectivity (implicity disregarding a precise value of the craniometric data). PMID- 3225649 TI - Long-term evaluation of cervical spine disorders following laminectomy. AB - The Authors report the results obtained by long-term clinical and radiological evaluation of patients who had undergone cervical multiple bilateral laminectomy to relieve the compression exerted on the cord by different diseases (spondylarthrosis, syringohydromyelia, intramedullary and extramedullary tumours, leptomeningeal cysts and extradural tumours). 98 patients were reviewed, the follow-up ranging from 8 to 24 years (mean 14 years). The results demonstrate that the most severe post-laminectomy changes are recorded in patients with intramedullary lesions and when middle-low cervical spine levels (C4-C7) are affected. The significance of spinal deformities such as kyphosis, spondylolisthesis and swan-neck is also discussed. PMID- 3225650 TI - Concurrent intracranial and intraabdominal aneurysms. AB - A 68-year-old woman with a subarachnoid hemorrhage was operated on for an anterior communicating artery aneurysm demonstrated by angiography. A month later she developed intestinal hemorrhage and a selective angiography showed multiple aneurysmatic dilatations, which were compatible with angiodysplasia, to be the cause of the intestinal bleeding. This association of intracranial and extracranial aneurysms is infrequent. PMID- 3225651 TI - Transient parotid gland swelling after neurosurgical procedures. AB - Two cases of benign transient postoperative parotid gland enlargement are reported. The clinical presentation and etiology of this unusual complication are reviewed. PMID- 3225652 TI - Ipsilateral symptomatology in left temporal lobe lesions. AB - Two cases of ipsilateral symptomatology related to left temporal lobe lesions are presented. The possibility of ipsilateral symptoms after temporal lobe lesions has to be considered, mainly when they occur in the dominant hemisphere. Direct or indirect damage to the insula of Reil's sensory-motor secondary area seems to be the motive of these ipsilateral symptoms. PMID- 3225653 TI - Postoperative arachnoidal diverticula of the lumbar spine. AB - Arachnoidal diverticula are a rare complication of spinal surgery and occur most often at lumbar level, especially after discectomy. We report a case of lumbar arachnoidal diverticulum that arose two years after an L4-L5 discectomy and presented clinically with low back pain and sciatic pain and neurological deficits. We analyze the etiopathogenesis, clinical and radiological features and treatment. PMID- 3225654 TI - Modified Holter Rickham reservoir: a device percutaneous photodynamic treatment of cystic malignant brain tumors. AB - A modified Holter Rickham reservoir which permit the percutaneous photodynamic treatment of cystic malignant brain tumors, is described. Through this device it is possible to introduce in the tumoral cyst both the photosensitizer drug and the optical fibers, carriers of the light in order to induce the photodynamic process. This treatment, if necessary, can be repeated over and over again, simply through a skin perforation. PMID- 3225655 TI - Quantitative characterization of myocardium with ultrasonic imaging. PMID- 3225656 TI - High-resolution electron microscopy image simulation on a Cray 1S/2300 computer. AB - High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) image simulation by the multislice method has been implemented on a Cray 1S/2300 computer, allowing accurate full nonlinear image intensity calculations with possible sampling up to 2n x 2m samples of the transmission function (n + m = 20). As examples of applications, images have been obtained from an interface in PbTiO3 and of a small gold aggregate. HREM image simulation of perfect or faulted crystals can now be applied with reasonable computing times to problems involving a large number of atoms and thick or large supercells. PMID- 3225657 TI - A simple embedding method for optimizing the thin sectioning of pre-embedded immunocytochemically stained tissue. PMID- 3225658 TI - Are we forgetting some of the lessons of the past? PMID- 3225659 TI - The next baby: parents' responses to perinatal experiences subsequent to a stillbirth. AB - This study examines the responses experienced in the perinatal period by parents who have had an infant subsequent to a stillbirth. Interview findings from eight couples in a stillbirth study group (SSG) who had this experience and eight couples in a comparison group (CG) whose live-born children were delivered at similar time intervals as the SSG were compared. In contrast to a comparison group, half of the SSG mothers did not make preparations for their babies until after delivery and seven of eight SSG mothers wanted the hospital staff to recognize their previous loss and give them special understanding. The parents in the SSG reported that because of their loss, they were likely to spend more time (p less than 0.01), to be more attentive to fussing (p less than 0.01), and to hold their babies more (p less than 0.01). Over half of the SSG parents also noted that after having another baby, they experienced greater relaxation, happiness, and closeness with their spouse. After their subsequent baby, the SSG parents observed that thinking about the stillbirth was easier, but resented being told by others to feel grateful. PMID- 3225660 TI - Weaning of premature infants from the incubator to an open crib. AB - Thirty pairs of healthy, growing preterm infants were included in this randomized prospective study comparing thermal weaning at 1700 g with that at 1800 g. Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, infants weaned at 1700 g were discharged 1.1 days sooner than those weaned at 1800 g. However, this result was not statistically significant (p = 0.13). On the other hand, differences are apparent between treatments in some strata based on birth weight (p = 0.0056). Evidence also existed that time from entry (at 1500 g) to discharge depended on birth weight stratum (p = 0.010). No infant in either group lost weight after successful weaning, and mean 24-hour weight gains were similar for both groups. Two infants were weaned at 1800 g requiring return to the incubator due to hypothermia, and four infants weaned at 1700 g likewise requiring return to the incubator. The number weaned at 1700 g who had birth weight of 1000 g or less and who developed hypothermia appeared substantial (three of six such infants). Thus, it appears that thermal weaning at 1700 g may be safe and effective only for prematures with birth weight above 1000 g. Additional study appears needed. PMID- 3225661 TI - The inaccuracy of Apgar scoring. AB - A short Apgar quiz was prepared with eight descriptive neonatal cases. The quiz was completed by 223 health professionals caring for newborns. Pediatricians and pediatric housestaff, the most accurate scorers, assigned the correct score only 68% of the time. Nurses from community hospitals were only 24% accurate. Improper scoring limits the usefulness of the Apgar score in comparing neonates within and between hospitals. PMID- 3225662 TI - The value of Apgar scores in predicting developmental outcome at age five. AB - Although Apgar scores as indicators of physiologic depression in newborns appeared to have limited value in predicting developmental outcome, they remain attractive indicators of risk status because they are obtained routinely in this country. Unfortunately, most follow-up studies of the relationship between Apgar scores and outcome have been generally of short duration. Thus the long-term predictive value of Apgar scores is not completely known. In this study 111 otherwise normal full-term infants with 5 minute Apgar scores of less than 7 were enrolled prospectively in a follow-up program. Approximately 13% died (2) or had significant developmental disabilities (12) identified by 30 months of age. Sixty seven percent of the children with these poor outcomes had a history of neonatal seizures. The remainder received an extensive developmental evaluation at age 5. The mean performance on psychoeducational tests of children without a history of neonatal seizures did not differ from that of a comparison group, whereas the mean of children who experienced neonatal seizures was significantly lower. Thus, low Apgar scores warrant developmental surveillance during the early years of life but, if unaccompanied by neonatal seizures, do not appear to predict more subtle developmental dysfunction evident at school entry age. However, seizures remain an ominous sign for significant early and late developmental sequelae. PMID- 3225663 TI - Colonization with slime-positive coagulase-negative staphylococci as a risk factor for invasive coagulase-negative staphylococci infections in neonates. AB - Mucocutaneous cultures obtained at admission and subsequent weekly nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained on 182 infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over 3 months to assess whether a relationship existed between colonization with coagulase-negative staphylococci and invasive infection, particularly with respect to slime production. Nasopharyngeal colonization by coagulase-negative staphylococci occurred in a mean of 58% of infants weekly, with an equal prevalence of slime-positive and slime-negative isolates over time. Colonization of the nasopharynx on admission increased from 8.9% of those admitted within the first day of life to 33% of those admitted thereafter (p less than 0.005). The presence of slime-positive coagulase-negative staphylococci on admission was not predictive of later patterns of colonization with respect to slime. Of infants not colonized on admission who had subsequent cultures, 72% became colonized with coagulase-negative staphylococci that were equally likely to be slime-positive or slime-negative. The incidence of invasive infections was 4.4%. Infants with slime positive mucocutaneous colonization were more likely to develop invasive coagulase-negative staphylococci disease than infants with slime-negative or no colonization (8.4% versus 1.1%; p less than 0.025). The incidence of slime positive coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from blood cultures was 6/7 (86%) whereas those from mucocutaneous cultures was 131/260 (50%) (p = 0.06). Colonization with slime-positive coagulase-negative staphylococci is a significant risk factor for developing invasive coagulase-negative staphylococci disease and these organisms are responsible for the majority of coagulase negative staphylococci invasive infections. PMID- 3225664 TI - A program of uterine activity monitoring and its effect on neonatal morbidity. AB - In a recent study 34 patients at high risk for preterm delivery who received uterine activity monitoring were compared with 33 similar patients who attempted to detect contractions by palpation. The incidence of preterm delivery was significantly reduced among those using the uterine activity detection device, although all patients in both groups had the same prenatal care and educational intervention. When short-term neonatal morbidity associated with preterm delivery was compared between the two groups, adverse effects decreased significantly among those in the monitored group (p = 0.001). The majority of short-term morbidity in both groups was noted in those delivering preterm and thus was gestational age related. No significant difference was found in neonatal morbidity between the groups when the infants were delivered at less than 37 weeks' gestation. Uterine activity monitoring, which is effective in preventing preterm birth, is also efficacious in decreasing short-term neonatal morbidity. PMID- 3225665 TI - Changing attitudes of neonatologists toward ventilator support. AB - Two identical questionnaires were completed by neonatologists in Southern California, one in 1979 and the other in 1985. All questions addressed only the issue of ventilator support. Respondents were asked to assume both parents wished ventilator support withheld or discontinued. In 1985, despite parents' wishes, neonatologists were more willing to start and continue ventilator support in smaller and less mature infants than in 1979. In 1985, but not 1979, respondents frequently would use ventilator support significantly more than they thought they should. Additionally, in both 1979 and 1985 it was more difficult for respondents to withhold ventilator support in infants with acquired versus congenital problems. PMID- 3225666 TI - Polemics in perinatology: disengaging forceps. PMID- 3225667 TI - A hospital-based neonatal intensive care unit bereavement follow-up program: an evaluation of its effectiveness. AB - Health care professionals strive to meet the needs of patients and families in a holistic approach. With the death of a newborn, many challenges arise that cause health care professionals to question their abilities to provide adequate grief support. The death of a newborn is unnatural and evokes many unresolved feelings about death that society has not recognized. A bereavement program in an NICU can provide consistent support for grieving families. This article evaluates several aspects of a hospital-based bereavement follow-up program by comparing its first year and a subsequent year. Establishing a bereavement program and outlining responsibilities for staff involvement are also addressed. PMID- 3225668 TI - Neonatal intensive care units can be hazardous to nurses' health. AB - The growth of new technologies has opened up new areas of expertise for nurses, giving them unique opportunities to play major roles in critical care. New opportunities, however, pose problems for the nurses themselves and for the profession. The risk of exposure to physical and emotional health hazards in the neonatal intensive care units of two regional teaching hospitals is described. The conclusion drawn is that unless hospitals pay more attention to the health of their nurses, the shortage of staff will worsen. PMID- 3225669 TI - Management of the pregnant woman infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. AB - A significant number of the one to two million adults in the United States infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are women of childbearing age. It is estimated that approximately 50% of HIV-infected pregnant women will transmit the virus to their fetuses or neonates. Obstetricians and gynecologists must be prepared to care for HIV-infected pregnant women. Comprehensive management includes clinical and psychosocial care in the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods. Referrals and/or consultations with other providers are often appropriate. Infection control policies must be uniform for all patients because not all HIV-infected patients will be so identified. PMID- 3225670 TI - Nursing interventions: caring for parents of a newborn transferred to a regional intensive care nursery--a challenge for low risk obstetric specialists. AB - Parents of infants transferred to a regional NICU have unique needs for support when the mother remains in the hospital of birth. Suddenly in a high risk situation and faced with family separation, these parents may display intense grief and crisis reactions related to their infant's status and transfer. The high risk interventions they require are frequently incongruent with the wellness orientation of staff specializing in care of the low risk clients. Nevertheless, low risk specialists have a critical role in assisting parents through this difficult transition to parenthood. Effective strategies are based upon: understanding that at some point infants requiring transfer to a regional NICU will be born; advance planning to prepare staff to assist parents during this type of crisis; establishing an ongoing relationship with staff from the regional NICU; and identification of crisis support networks available to parents and to staff within the low risk setting. PMID- 3225671 TI - Fetal heart rate monitoring casebook: heart rate monitoring in a case of antepartum stillbirth. PMID- 3225672 TI - Neonatal radiologic casebook: spherical communicating duplication cyst of the transverse colon. PMID- 3225673 TI - Ventilation management casebook: congenital lobar emphysema. PMID- 3225674 TI - Trauma in pregnancy. PMID- 3225675 TI - Retinal hemorrhage in the newborn. PMID- 3225676 TI - HIV precautions update. PMID- 3225677 TI - Midlife crisis in nursing. PMID- 3225679 TI - Nursing diagnoses in wellness childbearing settings. AB - Although most nurses recognize the benefits of nursing diagnoses, difficulties surrounding clinical application of the NANDA system have often occurred. Many nurses feel that the NANDA system focuses mainly on illness or problem diagnoses, which makes application to healthy processes and areas such as childbearing more difficult. Examples of the flexibility of the NANDA system for stating diagnoses involving healthy processes as well as illness/problem diagnoses for postpartum clients are cited to illustrate that with simple modifications and in combination with a conceptual framework, this system can be used to formulate individualized diagnoses in childbearing settings. PMID- 3225678 TI - Developing a maternal-fetal intensive-care unit. AB - Advances in perinatal health care have allowed more women the opportunity for a successful pregnancy despite medical complications. A maternal-fetal intensive care unit (MFICU) can provide these patients with medical and nursing care equivalent to that of a medical/surgical intensive-care unit while meeting the complex physical and psychosocial needs associated with pregnancy. Successful development of a MFICU mandates consideration of administrative aspects, educational programs, and clinical issues. The key to a successful maternal-fetal intensive-care unit lies in thorough planning, careful implementation, and timely evaluation. PMID- 3225680 TI - Unpublished preterm infant stimulation papers sought. PMID- 3225681 TI - Nipple tenderness and breast massage. PMID- 3225682 TI - Comparison of the effectiveness of videotape versus live group infant care classes. AB - Postpartum women on a hospital maternity unit viewed a videotape on infant care or attended a group class on infant care. Content quiz scores for the two groups were not significantly different. Although the majority of both groups thought the live class was a better way to teach new mothers about infant care, no significant differences on measures of convenience, ease of understanding, level of interest, amount learned, and how relaxed the mother felt were identified. PMID- 3225683 TI - Couples' experiences with in vitro fertilization. AB - In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the newest techniques for treatment of infertility. While the medical aspects of IVF have been extensively reported, little research has explored this procedure from the couple's point of view. In this descriptive study, 28 couples who had experienced at least one IVF procedure were interviewed. The results indicate that while IVF offers hope for infertile couples, the procedure, if unsuccessful, can be emotionally traumatic. In addition, the results suggest that comprehensive anticipatory information and emotional support are the primary needs of couples undergoing IVF. PMID- 3225684 TI - Realistic expectations of the labor coach. AB - This descriptive, retrospective survey (part of a larger study) employed a questionnaire to determine the behaviors of 40 expectant fathers to the stress generated by their spouses' labors and deliveries. Results indicated that the experience was stressful for all the expectant fathers, and expectant fathers only coached their spouses with their breathing exercises at labor's peak. Fathers spent more time trying to hide their feelings and worrying about their usefulness. These findings have significance for the prenatal education of couples, the education of health professionals, and the practice of labor and delivery nursing. PMID- 3225685 TI - Peripheral haemodynamics and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Satellite symposium of the twelfth scientific meeting of the International Society of Hypertension. 21 May 1988, Kyoto, Japan. PMID- 3225686 TI - Arterial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in renovascular and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The effects of chronic therapy, using an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (S9490-3 perindopril, 1 mg/kg), on the mechanical and structural properties of large arteries were studied in two-kidney, one clip (2K, 1C) Goldblatt hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with matched normotensive Wistar and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) animals. The treatment was carried out for 1 month in Goldblatt-hypertensive rats and 3 months in SHR, i.e. for 1 month after blood pressure was normalized. At the end of the treatment period the passive mechanical properties of the isolated carotid artery were measured in situ. Carotid compliance was calculated from the pressure-volume relationship between 50 and 250 mmHg. Morphological parameters of the aortic wall, including medial thickness, nucleus density and elastin and collagen content, were recorded by an automated morphometric system. Renal and essential hypertension were associated with a shift of the passive pressure-volume relationship in the carotid, corresponding to a decrease in arterial compliance. The passive mechanical properties of the carotid were normalized by ACE inhibitor treatment in renovascular hypertensive rats but remained unchanged in chronically treated SHR. The ACE inhibitor completely reversed the medial hypertrophy in Goldblatt-hypertensive rats but the reversal of medial hypertrophy was incomplete in SHR. The elastin to collagen ratio in the aortic media was significantly increased by 3 months of treatment with the ACE inhibitor in the SHR and WKY groups but remained unchanged in the Goldblatt-hypertensive and Wistar rats treated for 1 month. PMID- 3225687 TI - Long-term hypotensive effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in spontaneously hypertensive rats: is there a role for vascular structure? AB - Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated from 4 to 24 weeks of age with perindopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, in doses of 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg per day; we investigated the effects of these doses on blood pressure during and after withdrawal of treatment, and on the structural and functional characteristics of the resistance vessels. During treatment, mean blood pressure was maintained close to the level of normotensive control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). At the age of 24 weeks, a resistance vessel segment was taken as a biopsy from the third branch of the superior mesenteric artery, and the structural and functional parameters were determined using an isometric myograph. Taken together with previous results the measurements showed that perindopril had a dose-dependent effect on both blood pressure and resistance vessel media thickness. Treatment was then withdrawn. Twelve weeks later, the mean blood pressure in both groups was still significantly reduced compared to that of age matched SHR controls, but was no longer dose-related, nor was it related to the resistance vessel media thickness at age 24 weeks. The results suggest that the continuing reduction in blood pressure after withdrawal of treatment with perindopril may not be directly related to the drug's effect on resistance vessel structure. PMID- 3225688 TI - Treatment for one year with perindopril: effect on cardiac mass and arterial compliance in essential hypertension. AB - Blood pressure, forearm arterial haemodynamics and echocardiographic parameters were studied in patients with sustained essential hypertension before and after administration of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril for 1 year. Perindopril significantly reduced blood pressure and at the same time increased brachial artery blood flow, diameter and compliance. As part of the haemodynamic investigation, a 5-min period of wrist occlusion was performed. Blood flow velocity decreased significantly to the same extent with perindopril and with placebo, but the corresponding reductions in arterial diameter were smaller with perindopril than with placebo, indicating that the increase in diameter following perindopril could not be explained solely on the basis of a flow-dependent dilation. After 3 months, treatment was stopped for 4 weeks. Blood pressure and forearm arterial haemodynamics returned towards baseline values. However, cardiac mass, which was significantly decreased after perindopril administration, remained decreased 4 weeks after cessation of treatment. In seven responder patients, perindopril was continued as sole therapy for 8 months. Arterial compliance remained elevated and cardiac mass diminished. The study showed that the arterial changes caused by perindopril involved a drug-related relaxation of arterial smooth muscle and that there was a differential response in cardiac and arterial changes following long-term treatment. PMID- 3225689 TI - Indirect assessment of tissue angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibition in vivo in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics of long-acting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors show features which are consistent with saturable binding of the drugs to ACE. Their pharmacokinetics may thus be used to assess the extent and affinity of plasma and tissue binding of the drug. For 16 subjects, a hierarchy of pharmacokinetic models was fitted by weighted, least squares, non-linear regression analysis to the concentration-time profile during and after an intravenous infusion of S-9780. A one-compartment model which included saturable tissue and plasma binding gave the best description of the data. The median parameter estimates from this model suggested that total binding capacity for drug was 333 micrograms, of which 62% was in tissue sites, and that the total plasma concentration of drug at half maximum saturation was 6.3 ng/ml. Thus the extent and affinity of ACE inhibitor binding to tissue ACE may be estimated from appropriate analysis of pharmacokinetic data in man. PMID- 3225691 TI - Interdependence of food intake and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on kidney function. AB - Acute or chronic inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in normotensive rats may increase, decrease or cause no change in renal blood flow. Since renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate are highly dependent on protein intake, we investigated the question of whether the reported differences in the renal effects of ACE inhibition can be explained by the level of food intake. Glomerular filtration and arterial pressure were measured in conscious, chronically catheterized rats, which were either fed or fasted for 24 h on the day of experiment. In the control group, the glomerular filtration rate was 45% higher in fed than in fasted rats, while blood pressure and plasma renin concentration were unchanged. In experimental animals, given daily 1-mg/kg doses of the ACE inhibitor perindopril, the glomerular filtration rate was the same in both fed and fasted animals and comparable to the values of fasted control animals. Mean blood pressure was reduced from 113 to 91 mmHg by perindopril. It is concluded that chronic ACE inhibition prevents postprandial hyperfiltration and decreases the blood pressure of fed or fasted rats by 20 mmHg, but does not affect renal function in fasted rats. PMID- 3225690 TI - Effects of perindopril on renal haemodynamics and natriuresis in essential hypertension. AB - Renal haemodynamics and natriuresis were studied before and 6 h after oral intake of perindopril (8 mg) in eight hypertensive patients without renal failure. The patients were then treated with perindopril (8 mg per day) and renal haemodynamics were measured on the fifth day, 6 h after the morning intake. Sodium intake was controlled during the study (100 mmol sodium per day). Renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate were measured by the clearance method using 131I-hippuran and 125I-iothalamate, respectively. Mean blood pressure decreased from 135 to 110 after 6 h, and was 118 mmHg on the fifth day (P less than 0.001, respectively). Renal vascular resistance decreased significantly after acute drug intake from 0.19 to 0.15 arbitrary units (P less than 0.001) and on the fifth day to 0.16 arbitrary units (P less than 0.001). Renal blood flow rose from 708 to 723 after 6 h, and to 750 ml/min per 1.73 m2 on the fifth day but the change was no significant. There was no alteration in the glomerular filtration rate so that the filtration fraction decreased from 0.27 to 0.26 (after 6 h), and to 0.25 on the fifth day (P less than 0.02). Natriuresis increased after the first intake between the first and tenth hours. On the fifth day, maximum natriuresis was observed between the fourth and sixth hours. Perindopril caused strong renal vasodilation after the first intake and during the following days, with no change in the glomerular filtration rate. There was a significant decrease in the filtration fraction, indicating efferent, as well as afferent, arteriolar vasodilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225692 TI - Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition decreases systolic blood pressure more than diastolic pressure as shown by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. AB - Non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (Spacelabs 5200) was carried out before and 3 months after treatment with perindopril, a new angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor given at 4-8 mg once a day in the morning. Twenty-one patients with sustained essential uncomplicated hypertension were analysed. The 24-h mean values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, their standard deviations (absolute variability) and their coefficients of variation were compared before and after the administration of perindopril, using a two-way analysis of variance. In order to determine whether perindopril could decrease systolic more than diastolic pressure, we evaluated the relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure as recorded by the Spacelabs monitor. The correlation coefficient between these two parameters was calculated before (r = 0.82) and after (r = 0.76) treatment. Comparison between the corresponding slopes indicated that, at any given value of diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure was lower after than before the administration of perindopril. PMID- 3225693 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of acute spinal cord trauma: preliminary report. AB - Forty-three magnetic resonance studies were performed on 28 patients with suspected spinal cord injury using a 1.5 Tesla magnet and surface coils. Imaging was performed between day 1 and day 16 post injury. In several patients, repeat magnetic resonance studies were performed to evaluate the resolution of the cord lesions. Three types of magnetic resonance signal patterns were seen in association with the cord injuries. Patients with intraspinal hemorrhage did not have significant neurological recovery, whereas patients with cord edema/contusion recovered significant neurological function. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to be useful in the diagnosis of acute cord injury and also appears to demonstrate the potential for predicting neurological recovery. PMID- 3225694 TI - Unstable femoral shaft fractures: a comparison of interlocking nailing versus traction and casting methods. AB - Among 60 femur fractures not amenable to fixation by simple intramedullary nailing, 30 were treated with balanced skeletal traction followed by cast bracing or spica casting, and 30 were treated with closed interlocking nailing. The criteria for using an interlocking nail were fractures with less than 50% cortical contact or fractures with rotationally insecure purchase of the nail in either the proximal or distal fragment. In terms of fracture severity, patient age, injury severity, and clinical follow-up, the patient groups were similar. There were three open fractures in each group. The average hospital stay was 61 days for the traction group, and 19 days for the interlocking nail group (p less than 0.001). Time to clinical and radiographic union averaged 34 weeks with traction and casting and 18 weeks with interlocking nail fixation (p less than 0.001). Failure by the criteria of Johnson et al (2) occurred in 67% of the traction group and in 3% of the interlocking nail group (p less than 0.001). Minor complications were more common in the traction group. On the basis of this study and the experience of others, interlocking nail fixation appears to be the method of choice for managing unstable femoral shaft fractures. PMID- 3225695 TI - Osteopenia after plated and nailed femoral shaft fractures. AB - Twenty-six patients who had been operated for isolated femoral shaft fractures were studied. Fourteen had been treated with intramedullary nailing and 12 with AO plates. Only nailed patients were allowed early weight-bearing. Bone mineral density and muscle strength in knee extension and flexion were determined. There was a considerable loss of bone mineral in the distal femoral metaphysis and a moderate loss in the tibia. The mean loss was almost identical in the two groups. Muscle power in extension was better preserved in the nailed than in the plated patients. There was a significant correlation between loss of bone mineral and loss of muscle power. PMID- 3225696 TI - The ring butterfly fragment in diaphyseal fractures: its importance in flexible intramedullary nailing. AB - Ring butterfly fragment was described after it was noted to pose problems during insertion of flexible intramedullary nails. This fragment contains the entire circumference of the medullary canal or a substantial part of it. Once recognized preoperatively the fragment is reduced, providing a stable fracture configuration for fixation with flexible intramedullary nails. If the fragment is left displaced, it may lead to nonunion of the fracture; particularly after flexible intramedullary nailing of the tibia. PMID- 3225697 TI - Fractures of the body of the trapezium. AB - Fractures of the body of the trapezium are uncommon. Ten such cases are reported. They may be associated with other carpal or metacarpal fractures and may require special radiographic views for diagnosis. There does not appear to be a consistent mechanism of injury. A classification system is proposed based on the five fracture configurations identified. Open reduction with internal fixation of the displaced articular surface is preferred. PMID- 3225698 TI - Incidence and treatment of fractures in thalassemia. AB - Thalassemia major, a disorder of hemoglobin synthesis, contributes to skeletal deformities, marked osteopenia, and frequent fractures. Hypertransfusion therapy in the last 20 years has prolonged the life expectancy of thalassemics and decreased the orthopaedic manifestations of the disease. This study examines the incidence and treatment of fractures in hypertransfused thalassemics in whom the hemoglobin is kept above 8 g/dl. Over a 5-year period, there were eight fractures in 38 patients, which yields an incidence that is approximately 70% above the fracture rate in the general population. With the exception of one patient, all of the fractures healed in the expected time utilizing nonoperative treatment. The results of this study indicate that, although thalassemics are at moderately high risk for sustaining fractures, they respond well to standard casting methods. However, the iron overload found in thalassemia can deplete the body of vitamin C, which can subsequently retard fracture healing. Attention must, therefore, be paid to replenishing vitamin C very cautiously in order to avoid this complication. PMID- 3225699 TI - Internal fixation of ipsilateral trochanteric and femoral shaft fractures by staples and Kuntscher nail. AB - Ipsilateral trochanteric and femoral shaft fractures are rare. A 72-year-old man with such fractures was successfully treated with staples and a Kuntscher nail. The technique was simple and the mechanical stabilization secure. This method is suggested for stable ipsilateral trochanteric and femoral shaft fractures. PMID- 3225700 TI - Open scapulothoracic dissociation with intact neurovascular status in a child. AB - A case of open scapulothoracic dissociation with intact neurovascular status in an 8-year-old girl is reported. Scapulothoracic dissociation is a rare injury. Most cases present with significant soft tissue disruption in the shoulder region secondary to separation of the scapula from the thorax, and involve major vascular and brachial plexus injuries. This case report illustrates that an obvious roentgenographic scapulothoracic dissociation may be seen without any neurovascular deficit in a child. Successful treatment, with anatomical repair of the muscles and stabilization of the scapula, is described. PMID- 3225702 TI - The Chinese traditional method for the treatment of forearm fractures. PMID- 3225701 TI - A technique for removing a fractured interlocking tibial nail. AB - The reported incidence of implant failure following reamed intramedullary tibial fixation is low. When necessary, retrieval of failed tibial nail segments is best performed in a closed fashion in order to avoid the delayed healing and increased risk of infection that may result from exposure of the tibial fracture site. A method to facilitate closed removal of the distal segment of a failed tibial nail is described. PMID- 3225703 TI - Open reduction and internal fixation of volar lip fractures of the distal radius. AB - Fractures of the volar lip of the distal radius are relatively uncommon injuries. However, controversy exists concerning the treatment of these fractures. We reviewed our experience with open reduction and internal fixation through a volar approach using buttress plates. Sixteen patients with 17 fractures were treated by this method. Their ages ranged from 16 to 65 years (average 38 years). Eight fractures occurred secondary to motor vehicle accidents, while the remaining patients sustained falls. Mean follow-up time was 19.5 months. All fractures healed with no infections. Sixteen of the fractures were treated primarily with open reduction and internal fixation, while one patient was treated 6 weeks after injury for a malunion. Ranges of motion averaged 71 degrees dorsiflexion, 60 degrees palmar flexion, 79 degrees pronation, 78 degrees supination, 22 degrees radial deviation, and 32 degrees ulnar deviation. Analysis of results demonstrated 12 excellent, 2 good, and 3 fair results. Two patients with fair results had nonanatomic restoration of the joint surface at surgery, while the other patient with a fair result was treated late. We recommend early open reduction and internal fixation of displaced or unstable volar lip fractures of the distal radius. Accurate anatomic alignment and stable fixation are achieved with the volar buttress plate. Motion can begin 2-3 days after surgery to aid in obtaining excellent functional results. PMID- 3225704 TI - Tarsometatarsal fractures and dislocations. AB - A total of 32 cases of tarsometatarsal fracture dislocations, treated during a 15 year period, have been retrospectively reviewed. Results were assessed in 29 patients with a mean age of 33.8 years and a mean follow-up of 6.3 years. On the basis of Quenu and Kuss' classification, five patients had homolateral dislocations, three had divergent dislocations, and 21 had partial dislocations (seven medial partial and 14 lateral partial). Treatment included closed manipulative reduction, occasionally followed by Kirschner (K)-wire fixation. If closed reduction was not achieved, open reduction was performed. Results were assessed according to Hardcastle's scoring system. On that basis, 20 good, 5 fair, and 3 poor results were obtained and there was one early amputation. Good results were associated with an accurate reduction. Open treatment is advocated if minor displacement persists. Routine K-wire fixation is advised for all cases. PMID- 3225705 TI - Undetected posttraumatic instability of "stable" thoracolumbar fractures. AB - A review of 106 consecutive patients who had operative stabilization of thoracolumbar fractures revealed that 16 patients had surgery 4 months to 13 years after injury, for chronic instability. In these 16 patients, there were 8 wedge-compression fractures, 6 flexion-distraction injuries, 1 burst fracture, and 1 fracture-dislocation. All six patients with flexion-distraction injuries and the two patients with either a burst fracture or a fracture-dislocation had good results. Only two of the eight patients with wedge-compression fractures had good results. We concluded from this study that: (a) instability that presents without a progressive spinal deformity may go unrecognized; (b) all types of spine fractures can produce chronic, painful instability; and (c) poor results predominate in wedge-compression fractures operated more than 13 months after injury, regardless of the type of surgical treatment rendered. PMID- 3225706 TI - Quantification of osteopenia in hip fracture patients. AB - Osteopenia was assessed in 56 consecutive hip fracture patients by using dual photon absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and uninjured, contralateral femoral neck and by performing iliac crest biopsy. Of the 56 patients, 47 were female and 9 were male. The mean age was 78 years. There were 31 femoral neck and 25 intertrochanteric fractures. Two comparison populations were also studied. Population 1 consisted of 269 postmenopausal females older than 60 years of age with no history of fracture who were referred for dual photon absorptiometry of the lumbar spine as screening for osteoporosis. Population 2 included 94 patients with vertebral compression fractures who underwent transilial biopsy to evaluate osteoporosis. All transilial biopsies were assessed with the use of quantitative histomorphometry. Dual photon absorptiometry of the lumbar spine indicated that 76.9% of the hip fracture patients had severe bone loss (less than 1 gm/cm2). Nevertheless, no difference in spinal bone density was found when the hip fracture patients were compared to population 1. No difference in density of the lumbar spine or femoral neck was found in patients in the hip fracture group when intertrochanteric and femoral neck fractures were compared. No difference in histomorphometric measurements of total bone, cortical bone, and cancellous bone volume was noted between the hip fracture patients and population 2. There was no difference noted when the intertrochanteric and femoral neck fracture patients were compared. No evidence of osteomalacia was noted in any group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225707 TI - Mechanical effects of intramedullary acrylic cement on osteotomy healing in rats. AB - The medullary cavities of both femora in 35 rats were reamed, and bone cement was injected on the left side. A partial transverse osteotomy of the midshaft of both femora was then performed. At 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days following operation, the bending moment and elastic stiffness of the osteotomies were evaluated. No significant differences were found between the right and left femora. It is concluded that acrylic bone cement injected into the medullary cavity does not significantly impair the healing of osteotomies in rats. PMID- 3225708 TI - Immediate spica casting for pelvic fractures. AB - Records of 52 polytraumatized patients with closed pelvic fractures were reviewed retrospectively to determine if spica cast application decreased mortality due to exsanguination. Twelve patients had supplemental stabilization with external fixators or internal fixation of the pelvis. Their results indicated that the spica cast is effective in decreasing or controlling bleeding since no patient died of exsanguination. Several patients did die, however, but the cause of death in these patients was usually adult respiratory distress syndrome with or without other sepsis. Injury severity score, age, hypotension, and platelet count were found to be prognostic indicators for both transfusion requirements and mortality. A spica cast may be a useful adjunctive method for decreasing blood loss in the immediate postinjury period, but prolonged or improper use may lead to additional complications and death. PMID- 3225709 TI - Pull-out strengths of bone screws at various sites about the pelvis--a preliminary study. AB - The pull-out strength of both cortical and cancellous screws from bone at various sites about cadaveric pelves was examined. No significant differences were seen between cortical or cancellous screws at similar sites with the possible exception of the sacroiliac joint. Pull-out strengths were best correlated to the depth of bone at a particular screw hole. For practical purposes, the strongest sites are in the thick buttress of bone along the iliopubic column. PMID- 3225710 TI - Patellar fixation protected with a load-sharing cable: a mechanical and clinical study. AB - The stability of patellar fracture fixation protected with a load-sharing cable was studied in cadavers. A transverse patellar osteotomy was produced and stabilized with standard patellar fixation with or without a figure-of-eight cable that extends from the proximal pole of the patella to the tibial tubercle. Standard fixation techniques (interfragmentary cancellous screws or modified tension-band wiring) alone failed after significantly fewer cycles of flexion and extension than did the same fixation when supplemented with a load-sharing cable. In the clinical evaluation of the load-sharing cable, 14 consecutive patients with displaced patellar fractures were treated. No immobilization was used and the patients were started on passive and active range of motion and weight bearing ambulation in the early postoperative period. Thirteen fractures healed uneventfully. The increased stability of patellar fracture fixation protected with a load-sharing cable offers three advantages: (a) adjunctive casting is unnecessary, (b) comminuted fractures can be "pieced" together anatomically with less concern for loss of fixation, and (c) early postoperative passive and active range of motion can be achieved. PMID- 3225711 TI - Regional alterations in long bone produced by internal fixation devices. Part I. 85Sr clearance. AB - We examined the effect of rigid plate application on the radiostrontium clearance of the intact canine femur at 6 months. We examined each of the component surgical steps. We calculated the clearance both for the whole bone and for each of the five transverse sections of the whole bone. Screw application, but not drilling, increased the clearance in the segment about the screw holes. Plate application produced an increase in the segment beneath the plate as well as around the screws and in the whole bone. These changes are accomplished not only by an absolute increase in clearance to the middle three segments, but by a relative diminution in clearance by the most proximal and distal segments. The histomorphometric changes in long bones following rigid plating may be accompanied by regional increases in bone blood flow. PMID- 3225712 TI - Regional alterations in long bone 85Sr clearance produced by internal fixation devices. Part II. Histomorphometry. AB - The effects of each of the surgical stages involved in compression plating on the development of cortical thinning and porosity were assessed in the intact midshaft, stress-shielded femoral segments of adult mongrel dogs 6 months postoperatively. The data were evaluated in terms of a postsurgical tetracycline based measure of remodeling and terminal 85Sr clearance (SrC) values for the plated segments of bone. Drilling had no effect on any parameter. Screw application was associated with minimal cortical thinning (p less than 0.05), while plate fixation clearly promoted thinning (p less than 0.01) and porosity (p less than 0.05). The percentage of labeled osteons, a measure of remodeling activity, increased only after plate fixation (p less than 0.05), and the labeling patterns suggested that most osteons had formed during the first 4 postsurgical months. That none of these changes were correlated with the 6-month SrC values suggests that the development of plate-induced osteopenia involves disparate histomorphometric time constants, rather than lack of any association. PMID- 3225713 TI - Open pelvic fracture with vaginal laceration and diaphragmatic rupture in a child. AB - A case report of a 4-year-old child who sustained an unstable open pelvic fracture with a diaphragmatic rupture is presented. A strong correlation exists between rupture of the diaphragm and pelvic fractures. We note the difference between pediatric and adult pelvic fractures, and discuss late complications unique to the child with a pelvic fracture. Pelvic external fixation is faster and less morbid than other surgical treatments for unstable pelvic fractures, and therefore provides an excellent alternative to pelvic open reduction in the acute treatment of pediatric patients with multi-system injuries. If fracture reduction is incomplete following initial closed manipulation, a staged secondary open reduction can then be performed. PMID- 3225714 TI - Inability to deploy the distal fixator fin of a Brooker-Wills nail. AB - While a Brooker-Wills nail was being placed in an osteotomized femur during the course of a closed femoral shortening procedure, the slot holding the distal fixator fin was deformed as it was driven across the fracture/osteotomy site (approximately 50% apposition), and the fin could not have been deployed had it been needed for stabilization of the fracture. This case illustrates the importance of maintaining a meticulous closed reduction and of obtaining oblique image intensifier views of the distal portion of this nail while it is being inserted. PMID- 3225715 TI - Morphologic changes in the renal glomerulus and the juxtaglomerular apparatus in human preeclampsia. AB - The renal biopsies of ten women with preeclampsia without other underlying renal disease were examined in detail using light and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Characteristic preeclamptic glomerular lesions with endocapillary cell swelling, subendothelial and mesangial deposits, and mesangial interposition were detected in each patient. Juxtaglomerular regions were not prominent and were poorly granulated on light microscopy; ultrastructurally, they showed myoepithelioid cells with sparse renin granulation and considerable heterogeneity of granule size and density in association with relatively meagre granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi profiles. These morphologic findings suggest that, in patients with clinical and renal biopsy evidence of preeclampsia, there is no significant stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 3225716 TI - Endocrine cell hyperplasia and appendiceal carcinoids. AB - As endocrine tumours in a number of organs may arise in a background of hyperplasia, the density of endocrine cells in appendices from ten patients with carcinoid tumours was compared with that in appendices from ten age- and sex matched control patients. Crypt and lamina propria endocrine cells were quantified separately. The density of argentaffin endocrine cells in the crypts was significantly higher in appendices with carcinoid tumours when compared with the controls. No difference was found in non-argentaffin endocrine cells, and no difference was found in either argentaffin or argyrophil endocrine cells in the lamina propria. While it is possible that carcinoid tumours induce an increase in the number of enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the background mucosa, it is considered more likely that EC cell hyperplasia predisposes to the development of carcinoid tumours of the appendix. PMID- 3225717 TI - A protective effect of sulindac against chemically-induced primary colonic tumours in mice. AB - Sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been reported to lead to tumour regression in cases of human polyposis coli. We have investigated the effects of this drug on the growth of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced mouse colonic tumours. In one experiment, DMH and oral sulindac were administered concurrently to a group of mice for a period of up to 24 weeks, while a control group of animals received DMH only for the same period. Sulindac caused a significant reduction in both the number of mice with colonic tumours and the number of tumours per mouse. In a second experiment, two groups of mice which had already been treated with DMH for 17 weeks received either sulindac or not for 78 days. In this experiment sulindac had no effect. These results demonstrate that sulindac has a protective effect against the chemical induction of colonic tumours in mice, but does not cause the regression of established tumours. PMID- 3225718 TI - Teaching systemic pathology in Edinburgh. PMID- 3225719 TI - Intrapartum biochemical monitoring of the fetus. Proceedings of the first international symposium. Atlantic City, USA, June 1987. PMID- 3225720 TI - Continuous transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring during human labour. PMID- 3225721 TI - The relationship between arterial and tissue PO2 in the fetal lamb. PMID- 3225722 TI - Tissue pH/pCO2 and continuous base excess monitoring in the human fetus. PMID- 3225723 TI - Biochemical monitoring of intrapartum fetus. PMID- 3225724 TI - The rationale for biochemical monitoring of the fetus. AB - 1. Rates for perinatal mortality and low Apgar scores have not been affected by fetal intensive care (electronic monitoring +/- fetal blood sampling) in any randomized controlled trial to date. 2. Acidosis at birth may be susceptible to improvement by fetal intensive care but has not been tested adequately in more than a few women. 3. Birth asphyxia which is followed by evidence of cerebral dysfunction within the first 48 hours of life can be significantly altered by current technics of fetal intensive care. 4. The evidence suggests that cognitive disorders and cerebral palsy occur as long term sequelae of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in a small percentage of survivors. However, factors which predate the onset of labour are more likely to be responsible for cerebral palsy than factors associated with labour. 5. Future developments might include the following: (i) To establish that umbilical arterial pH and/or lactate and/or Apgar score is predictive for neonatal outcome such as hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy or other markers of asphyxia. (ii) To determine whether umbilical arterial pH and/or lactate is significantly different when continuous biochemical monitoring is used versus traditional intermittent fetal blood sampling, i.e. does continuous monitoring prevent acidosis? In the present state of development of continuous biochemical monitoring technics in labour it seems unlikely that, at the present time, we could answer the larger question of whether such monitoring can prevent the neurological complications of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and the subsequent developmental problems including cerebral palsy. Finally, we must not forget that labour and delivery represents a relatively small time period in relation to the total duration of pregnancy with a ratio of approximately 1:355. Thus, it is not surprising that many of the problems of neurologic development are difficult to trace back to a particular stage in pregnancy. Careful monitoring of labour and delivery may help to counteract the tendency to blame this period of pregnancy for all subsequent developmental problems of the child. PMID- 3225726 TI - Animal studies for intrapartum biochemical monitoring--artificial umbilical circulation. PMID- 3225725 TI - Continuous intrapartum fetal scalp tissue pH and ECG monitoring by a fiberoptic probe. PMID- 3225727 TI - Circulatory changes at birth. PMID- 3225728 TI - CPITN assessment of periodontal disease in diabetic patients. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate, using the CPITN system, the periodontal treatment needs in diabetic patients, and to shed additional light on the possible effects of the duration and control of diabetes on the periodontal status in these patients. A comparison was made between 222 diabetic patients (mean age, 46.9 years) and 189 control subjects (mean age, 43.9 years). Edentulous patients were not included in the study. The results indicated that diabetic patients demonstrated significantly more missing teeth (P less than 0.001). The mean number of missing sextants was also significantly higher in diabetics. Pathologic pockets of 6 mm or more were found in 1.3 and 0.3 sextants in the diabetic and control group subjects, respectively (P less than 0.001). Up to the age of 34, no differences were observed between the diabetic and control group subjects regarding pathologic pockets of 6 mm or more. Above this age, diabetics demonstrated significantly more sextants with deep pockets (P less than 0.001). Concerning the type of diabetes, no differences related to CPITN score were found between insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetics. Neither were any differences found in the periodontal condition related to the duration and control of diabetes, whereas diabetics with advanced retinopathy demonstrated more sextants with deep pockets. Oral hygiene instructions and scaling were required in all patients from both study groups. On an average, 1.3 sextants in 50.9% of diabetics and 0.3 sextants in 17.9% of control subjects required complex treatment. PMID- 3225729 TI - Penetration and uptake of colloidal gold-labeled concanavalin A in the junctional epithelium of the rat. AB - A complex of colloidal gold and concanavalin A (CG-Con A) with various biological properties and high ultrastructural resolution was applied into the sulcus of rat molar gingiva and traced with an electron microscope for three hours to examine the cytological changes occurring in the cells of the junctional epithelium (JE) during penetration of extrinsic irritants, and to determine the roles of JE cells in such a circumstance. While the penetration of CG-Con A was impeded on the surface of keratinized oral gingival/sulcular epithelium, CG-Con A penetrated swiftly through JE into the connective tissue. In the process of penetration, CG Con A was taken up by lysosomal and vacuolar structures of JE cells in which degenerative changes were often provoked. Degeneration of JE cells was seen selectively in the second and/or third cell layers from the innermost cell layer of JE. It was assumed that JE cells by their phagocytic activity might participate in the first line of defense against extrinsic irritants. On the other hand, the phagocytic activity of JE cells seems also to be involved in tissue destruction, if the amount and/or toxicity of irritants exceed the dissimilating capacity of JE cells. PMID- 3225730 TI - The use of collagen membranes to guide regeneration of new connective tissue attachment in dogs. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of collagen membrane placement in excluding gingival epithelium and connective tissue cells and guiding new attachment in surgical treatment of created defects in dogs. Sixty defects were chosen at random and balanced in regard to receiving the following treatments: 1) untreated control, 2) debrided control, and 3) collagen membrane placement over the defect (along the root surface and under the replaced flap). Histologic and histometric evaluation at 2-12 weeks post operatively determined the healing responses of each treatment modality. Epithelium migration with no new attachment occurred in the untreated and debrided areas. Collagen membrane placement was effective in inhibiting epithelial migration and encouraging formation of new connective tissue attachment to root surface previously altered by plaque. PMID- 3225731 TI - The effect of polishing pastes on composite resin surfaces. A SEM study. AB - CLINICALLY, COMPOSITE RESINS can be polished to a smooth surface at the time of placement using a variety of polishing methods. Subsequently maintaining the finish on recalls needs to be evaluated. The purpose of this investigation was to compare surface textures of a small particle composite resin (average particle size 5 microns) after polishing with prophylaxis and polishing pastes. Each specimen of the small particle composite resin, PrismaFil, was finished and polished to a smooth surface with Soflex discs. This was the control polish. The specimens were then polished with a rotating rubber prophylaxis cup with seven different prophylaxis and polishing pastes. All the samples were then prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation and photographed at 750x to compare the effects of polishing on the surfaces of composite resins. SEM photographs were also made of a sample polished with Soflex discs (SF) and with a dry rubber cup (RC). The seven prophylaxis and polishing pastes were Command Ultrafine Lustre Paste (CULP), Coral Phosphate Prophylaxis Paste (CPPP), NuPro fine (NPF), NuPro medium (NPM), Prophydent (PD), Rembrandt Polishing Paste (RPLP) and Rembrandt Prophylaxis Paste (RPXP). The SEM photographs were rated by independent evaluators according to surface roughness from the smoothest to roughest surfaces. The results of the evaluator ratings determined that the composite resin surface gets rougher with the use of any polishing paste. The smoothest to roughest surface by groupings were: (SF)-(RPLP)-(CULP, RC)-(RPXP) (NPF, CPPP, PD)-(NPM). PMID- 3225732 TI - Pseudotumor cerebri, a rare adverse reaction to tetracycline therapy. A case report. AB - WITH THE MORE FREQUENT USE of antibiotics as adjuncts to periodontal therapy today, it is imperative that dental clinicians be aware of adverse reactions to these drugs, regardless of their reported incidence. It is the purpose of this case report to present and describe a rare adverse reaction to tetracycline hydrochloride called pseudotumor cerebri or benign intracranial hypertension. It is manifested by an abnormal increase in intracranial pressure and papilledema in a patient with an otherwise normal neuroradiologic condition. Although severe headache appears to be the most bothersome acute symptom, the more important long term side effect is visual loss caused by the papilledema. Treatment should be directed towards discontinuation of the drug therapy, and immediate referral to a physician for a neuro-ophthalmic evaluation. PMID- 3225733 TI - Primary gingival enlargement as a diagnostic indicator in acute myelomonocytic leukemia. A case report. AB - A 25-YEAR-OLD CHINESE FEMALE, five months pregnant, came to our dental clinic with a chief complaint of slight gingival inflammation. A diagnosis of pregnancy gingivitis was made. One week later, there was a sudden onset of extremely generalized gingival enlargement and very high WBC count (144,000/cmm) was noted. Physical, laboratory, and microscopic examination led to the diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. The observations of good oral hygiene and clinical course suggested that leukemic cell infiltration was the major cause of sudden onset of gingival enlargement. This article emphasizes the importance of primary gingival enlargement in the initial diagnosis of leukemia. PMID- 3225734 TI - Alterations of temperature, sleepiness, mood, and performance in residents are not associated with changes in sulfatoxymelatonin excretion. AB - Residency training may disrupt normal sleep/wake cycles, resulting in mood and performance deficits and alterations in biological rhythms. To characterize such disturbances and determine whether they are associated with an alteration in the day/night pattern of melatonin excretion, measurements were obtained around-the clock in seven male subjects, each studied in two 48-h sessions. Session 1 was conducted during the week before beginning a residency, and session 2 at 6 months into a first-year surgical residency. The mean time of the end of nocturnal sleep and the timing of the temperature rhythm were both (P less than .01) approximately 2.3 h earlier in session 2 (vs. 1). The sleepiness rhythm and the overall mood score rhythm were also phase-advanced (P less than .05) in session 2. The mean value of mood around-the-clock was significantly worse due to increased anger, tension, confusion, depression, and fatigue in session 2. Vigilance, tested by simple reaction time, did not exhibit a 25-h rhythm and was worse in session 2 with an increase (P less than .05) in mean response latency less than 1 s and an increase (P less than .01) in lapse time (microsleep, greater than 1- s latency). The urinary cortisol rhythm exhibited a raised curve average value (mesor) in session 2 (vs. 1, P less than .05), but no difference was revealed in amplitude or acrophase. Urinary excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl- did not differ between sessions, though the Na+/K+ ratio peaked earlier in session 2 (P less than .05). The urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin rhythm did not differ in timing, amplitude, or mesor between sessions. A residency training schedule can be associated with altered timing in rhythms of sleep, sleepiness, temperature, and mood and with deterioration of mood and performance without detectable alteration of the endogenous melatonin pattern as exhibited by the excretion rate of the principal urinary metabolite. PMID- 3225736 TI - Quantitative cytological analysis of functional changes in adrenomedullary chromaffin cells in normal, sham-operated, and pinealectomized rats in relation to time of day: III. Nuclear density. AB - The sizes of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (N) cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated (NO), sham-operated (SPX), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 126) were investigated by quantitative light microscopy. Animals were killed at eight time points during a standardized 24-h, light-dark (12:12) cycle 14 days after surgery. Nuclear densities were measured in semithin sections of epon embedded specimens, initially fixed with glutaraldehyde and OsO4. Major findings are as follows. 1) The mean size of adrenomedullary A cells throughout 24 h (P less than 0.001), especially in the dark phase (P less than 0.001) but not in the light phase, was larger in PX animals than in NO and SPX animals. There were no statistically significant differences in the size of N cells among the three experimental groups in either the dark phase or the light phase. 2) The sizes of A and N cells showed time-of-day changes in the NO and the SPX animals but not in the PX animals. The temporal relationship of 24-h changes in the cell size tended to be different between A and N cells in the NO and the SPX animals but not in the PX animals. 3) The cell size was apparently larger in A cells than in N cells in each experimental group. Pinealectomy thus caused hypertrophy of A cells, especially in the dark phase, but not apparently hypertrophy of N cells. Concerning the pinealectomy effects in relation to the time of day, the results support the hypothesis of pineal action being phase-tuning and coordinating of at least some circadian systems. PMID- 3225735 TI - Inhibition of pineal type-II 5'-deiodinase does not affect the nocturnal increase of N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content in either euthyroid or thyroidectomized rats. AB - The presence of type-II thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (5'-D) activity in rat pineal gland has been previously described. In the present paper, 5'-D activity, N acetyltransferase (NAT) activity, and melatonin content were measured in the same rat pineal. Each of these constituents exhibits a nocturnal increase with peak values at 0100 h for melatonin (1.20 +/- 0.12 ng/gland) and at 0300 h for both 5' D (39.5 +/- 11.9 fmol/gland/h) and NAT (8.38 +/- 1.04 nmol/gland/h) activities. In vivo treatment with iopanoic acid (IOP) completely prevented the nocturnal increase in 5'-D activity (14.1 +/- 2.6 fmol/gland/h at 0300 h) with no modification in either the NAT activity or melatonin content. Thyroidectomy greatly enhanced the 5'-D activity during the dark period (102.9 +/- 10.2 vs. 31.6 +/- 4.2 fmol/gland/h), reaching a peak at 0200 h; thyroidectomy, however, did not affect daytime pineal 5'-D activity (3.11 +/- 0.78 vs. 2.5 + 0.92 fmol/gland/h). Treatment of rats with IOP acid completely inhibited the pineal 5' D activity in both control (7.86 +/- 0.88 fmol/gland/h) and thyroidectomized animals (2.24 +/- 1.10 fmol/gland/h) with no change in the melatonin content of the gland (1.21 +/- 0.32 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.18 ng/gland). PMID- 3225737 TI - Melatonin concentration in the cerebral vascular sinuses of sheep and evidence for its episodic release. AB - Blood was collected from the cerebral sinuses and from the jugular vein of 5 ewes during both the day and night. Cerebral sinus samples were collected by means of a permanently indwelling cannula (roughly every 5 min) while jugular vein samples were collected by venipuncture (roughly every 10 min). In each of the 5 animals mean nighttime melatonin concentrations were greater at night than during the day. In 2 animals, cerebral sinus plasma melatonin concentrations were greater than in the jugular vein; in 2 animals the sinus and jugular plasma had similar melatonin levels; in 1 ewe jugular vein blood melatonin levels exceeded those in the cerebral sinus plasma. These differences among animals are presumably due to slight positional differences in the cerebral venous cannula placement. In several animals episodic release of melatonin was apparent. Whereas the episodes were most obvious in the cerebral venous blood at night, they were also apparent in 1 case in the jugular vein plasma and in 1 animal during the day. When episodes appeared they occurred about every 15-20 min. PMID- 3225738 TI - Hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressin and oxytocin in melatonin-treated pinealectomized male rats. AB - The effect of melatonin on hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressin and oxytocin was investigated in normal and pinealectomized rats. Pinealectomy was followed by a decrease of both vasopressin and oxytocin content in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. In unpinealectomized rats, melatonin decreased vasopressin and oxytocin storage in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. Following pineal removal, melatonin did not augment the pinealectomy-induced decrease of vasopressin and oxytocin in the neurohypophysis; the hypothalamic storage of both neurohormones was even higher when compared with vehicle-treated animals. PMID- 3225739 TI - Rapid adjustment of the pineal N-acetyltransferase rhythm to change from long to short photoperiod in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). AB - The dynamics of adjusting the pineal N-acetyltransferase rhythm from long to short photoperiod was assessed in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The transition from LD 16:8 to LD 8:16 was accomplished by symmetrical prolongation of the dark period. In LD 16:8, the period of elevated nocturnal activity lasted approximately 7 hours. During the first prolonged night, the evening N-acetyltransferase rise advanced by almost 3 hours relative to the rise in LD 16:8 and occurred at the same time as during the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after the transition. The morning N-acetyltransferase decline did not shift during the first long night; during the third night it was delayed relative to the decline in LD 16:8 by more than 2 hours and occurred at the same time as during the 7th and 14th night following the LD 16:8 to LD 8:16 transition. Three, 7, and 14 days after the transition, the period of elevated N-acetyltransferase activity lasted approximately 12 hours. Hence extension of the N acetyltransferase rhythm profile proceeded first into the evening and then only into the morning hours, and it was accomplished within 2 to 3 days. PMID- 3225741 TI - IVth International Conference on AIDS. Stockholm, Sweden, June 12-16, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3225740 TI - Characterization of a neurohypophyseal hormone-like activity isolated from ovine pineal glands. AB - The milk-ejecting response of lactating mouse mammary gland tissue to ovine pineal extracts indicated the presence of a neurohormone-like bioactivity in this tissue. After successive fractionation on gel permeation chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (HPLC) in conjunction with radioimmunoassays (RIA), it was demonstrated that the milk-ejection response to ovine pineal components with an Mr less than 1,000 corresponded to a biologically active peptide sequence that probably differs from that of arginine vasopressin, arginine vasotocin, and oxytocin and from peptides with a COOH-terminal Pro-Arg Gly-amide ending. Gel permeation chromatography in formic acid appeared also to indicate the presence of a noncovalent interaction of the neurohormone-like bioactivity with proteins (Mr greater than 25,000) of the pineal. PMID- 3225742 TI - Epidemiology of HIV infection in Africa. AB - HIV infection in Africa is primarily acquired through heterosexual activity, accounting for up to 80% of cases. Prostitutes and sexually promiscuous individuals are at particularly high risk of acquiring infection via this route. In the general population, women between the ages of 18 and 30 years are at increased risk of transmission. The role of cofactors, particularly concurrent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), appears to facilitate heterosexual spread. These groups represent opportunities for targeted prevention programs aimed at education, increased condom use, prompt treatment of STDs, and reduction in the number of sexual partners. HIV infection acquired via blood transfusion may account for up to 10% of new cases of HIV infection. Children with malaria and nutritionally induced anemias are at special risk of acquiring infection by this route. Early treatment of malaria, surveillance for and treatment of malnutrition, adoption of rigorous criteria for blood transfusion, and implementation of machine-independent, low cost HIV screening programs in transfusion centers will help prevent these infections. As the epidemiology of HIV infection becomes better understood, other opportunities for technologically appropriate, cost-effective interventions will become available and will facilitate African HIV control and prevention programs. PMID- 3225744 TI - Sex and death: the AIDS crisis in social and cultural context. PMID- 3225743 TI - Health outreach and control of HIV infection in Kenya. AB - This paper highlights the role of mobilization of individuals and community groups and health professionals in prevention of HIV transmission. It traces the educational strategy employed to reach the general population and selected groups at risk. In Kenya, the general awareness about AIDS started to grow in late 1985 and increased in 1986-87. This has resulted in reduction of the incidence of some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The importance of pretesting education material as well as monitoring and evaluation of educational efforts to lay the ground for culturally appropriate and more effective health education messages to combat HIV transmission is presented. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of developing the HIV infection programs with the people and for the people. PMID- 3225745 TI - Sex research and sexual conduct in the era of AIDS. AB - The onset of the AIDS epidemic has made evident how scanty our knowledge is about sexuality, not only in the developing world where behavioral science resources are limited, but in the developed world as well. That the findings of the Kinsey group of nearly half a century ago remain relevant to current scientific discussion is an important measure of the lack of a well-developed and active research tradition in the area of sexuality. As a result of a lack of support for sex research, except in a number of very limited areas, when the epidemic began, there was a lack of baseline data, accessible and tested research techniques, and trained personnel. There is evidence that some of these problems are being addressed as new research initiatives are being undertaken both nationally and internationally that are relevant to both AIDS and sexuality. At the same time, a majority of this research has been driven by a concern for the disease and has not taken into account the larger role of sexuality in the life of individuals in specific cultures and societies. Much of the research that has been undertaken is examining sexuality from the perspective of AIDS rather than AIDS in the perspective of sexuality. Perhaps it is well to understand that long after the AIDS epidemic is history, sexuality will remain with us as a source of pleasure and difficulty. PMID- 3225746 TI - The role of science. PMID- 3225747 TI - Abstracts from "Retrovir--an update of its use in HIV therapy". Satellite symposium of the IVth International Conference on AIDS. Stockholm, Sweden, 12 June 1988. PMID- 3225748 TI - Further insights into the oxidation chemistry of 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - An important product of electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in acid solution is the purple compound tryptamine-4,5-dione (6). However, any attempt to concentrate a solution containing 6 causes it to disappear. The most important reaction of 6 is dimerization to give another purple compound 7,7'-bi (5-hydroxytryptamine-4-one). Dione 6 can also apparently react with 2,4'-bi-5 hydroxytryptamine to give the trimer 4-[7'-(tryptamine-4,5-dione)]-2,4''-bi-5 hydroxytryptamine. Finally, 6 and other oxidation products of 5-HT react during the concentration step to yield what appears to be a trimer or perhaps a higher oligomer. This oligomer has not been identified, but it has been shown to decompose to give, in part, the neurotoxin 5-hydroxytryptamine-4,7-dione. PMID- 3225749 TI - Isoelectric points of some sulfonamides: determination by microelectrophoresis and by calculations involving acid-base strength. AB - The isoelectric points of four very slightly soluble sulfonamides were measured by microelectrophoresis of dilute suspensions as a function of pH. Ionic strength and pH were adjusted with KCl, KOH, and HCl only. The isoelectric points were also calculated from published values of acid and basic ionization constants which had been determined by potentiometric titration, and from changes in ultraviolet absorption spectra and in solubility as a function of pH. Including one sulfonamide whose isoelectric point as measured by microelectrophoresis was published, rather good agreement between the two methods was observed for all but one compound. All values were between 3.5 and 4.6, indicating that the sulfonamides function as weak acids rather than as amphoteric compounds at physiological pH. PMID- 3225750 TI - Preformulation study of pelrinone hydrochloride. AB - Pelrinone HCl is essentially nonhygroscopic. The pH-solubility profile exhibits a U-shaped curve, while the octanol-water partition coefficient-pH profile shows a bell-shaped curve. Two ionizable functions, with a pKa1 value of 4.71 and a pKa2 value of 8.94, produce the cationic and anionic forms, respectively. A weak ionic strength effect on solubility of the compound is observed: at pH 3.9 (0.1 M acetate buffer), the solubility increases with increasing ionic strength, while at pH 7.5 (Tris HCl buffer), the solubility decreases with increasing ionic strength. No gross incompatibility of the compound is seen with the 13 excipients selected, except povidone. The solubility phase diagram, X-ray diffraction pattern, and IR spectroscopy demonstrate the presence of polymorphs. The compound in solution is stable at various pH conditions under 500-foot-candle (ft-c) light at room temperature and at 80 degrees C for 64 d. In the solid state, no decomposition is observed at 80 degrees C and on exposure to 500-ft-c light for at least 112 d. PMID- 3225751 TI - Substituent effects on partition coefficients of barbituric acids. AB - Precise partition coefficients in 1-octanol-water at 25 degrees C were determined for three 2-thiobarbituric acids and 14 barbituric acids with a wider range of substituents. The experimental log P values (log Pexp) of barbituric acids were correlated with the carbon number and the branching effect of the C5 substituent(s) by linear regression analysis. The carbon number term makes a major contribution to the partition coefficients. The contribution of the polar effect of the C5 substituents was insignificant in contrast to a previous report. Hydrophobic constants (pi) were determined for allyl, phenyl, and chloro substituents, and these empirical pi values gave much closer predicted calculated log P (log Pcalc) values when applied to the reported log Pexp values. PMID- 3225752 TI - Characteristics of drug-phospholipid coprecipitates. II: Bioavailability studies of griseofulvin in rats. AB - The bioavailabilities of griseofulvin and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) coprecipitates prepared from chloroform have been determined in rats. The dissolution rate of griseofulvin in pH 2.0 HCl:KCl buffer under sink conditions increased nonlinearly with an increase in DMPC in the coprecipitates. The initial dissolution rate, the amount dissolved after 60 min, Cmax, and AUC were all approximately twofold greater for coprecipitates than for griseofulvin over the range of 19:1 to 1.5:1 griseofulvin:DMPC weight ratio. In contrast, physical mixtures of griseofulvin:DMPC yielded results which were not significantly different from those of griseofulvin alone. The correlation between in vitro and in vivo parameters was at least 0.95. Thus, the reduction in particle size and solubilization of griseofulvin which is observed in vitro are believed to also occur in vivo and provide improved bioavailabilities. PMID- 3225753 TI - Prednisolone binding to plasma proteins in domestic species. AB - The binding of prednisolone to total plasma proteins of dogs, horses, cows, and sheep was characterized using equilibrium dialysis. Prednisolone was bound to a first protein with high affinity but low capacity (transcortin) and to a second protein according to a nonsaturable mechanism (albumin). Interspecies differences were observed, with cows and dogs exhibiting the lowest, and sheep and horses the highest specific binding capacities. The results are in good agreement with known pharmacokinetic properties of prednisolone in domestic species. PMID- 3225754 TI - Parallel pathway interactions in imipramine metabolism in rats. AB - The in vitro metabolic inhibitions between imipramine and its metabolites were investigated in rat liver microsomes. A type of precursor-metabolite interaction similar to that shown with lidocaine was observed in imipramine metabolism. Desipramine competitively inhibited the formation of 2-hydroxyimipramine from imipramine. Similarly, imipramine inhibited the formation of 2-hydroxydesipramine from desipramine. As in the cases of those 2-hydroxylations, a competitive inhibitory relationship also existed in the N-demethylation pathways of imipramine and 2-hydroxyimipramine. Studies on age-associated alterations of the metabolic rates of imipramine and its metabolites in rats demonstrated that N demethylation activities of imipramine and of 2-hydroxyimipramine, which showed a large sex difference (male greater than female) in young rats, decreased markedly only in old male rats, while 2-hydroxylation activities of imipramine and desipramine, with no sex difference at any age, did not show a marked alteration in either sex. These data strongly suggest that the hydroxylation pathways of imipramine and desipramine and the demethylation pathways of imipramine and 2 hydroxyimipramine are each sharing the same species of cytochrome P-450. The in vivo metabolic inhibition between imipramine and desipramine was examined by simultaneous intraportal infusion of imipramine (25 nmol/min) and desipramine (175 nmol/min). The steady-state concentration of imipramine after simultaneous infusion was increased twofold over that after infusion of imipramine alone, without any change in the free fraction in blood. PMID- 3225755 TI - Effect of altered albumin concentrations on elimination of unbound prazosin in vivo in the rat and in the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Albumin is known to affect the intrinsic clearance of many compounds in the isolated perfused rat liver, but little is known of its effect in vivo. The influence of decreased albumin concentrations on clearance of unbound prazosin and intrinsic clearance of prazosin was therefore studied in vivo in rats that had undergone plasmapheresis. An approximate 30% reduction in the plasma albumin concentration was achieved in animals not given plasma expanders and an approximate 50% reduction was achieved in animals given Ficol 70 as a plasma expander. No differences were seen in the intrinsic clearances or in the clearances of unbound prazosin between control animals and plasmapheretic animals. The reason for this lack of effect is apparent from parallel studies in isolated perfused rat livers. An increase in the clearance of unbound prazosin of 27% was seen when the albumin concentration was increased from 0 to 30 microM, and of 49% when the concentration of albumin was increased to 90 microM, with no further increase at higher albumin concentration. These results, therefore, suggest that changes in the albumin plasma concentrations normally encountered clinically may have little effect on the intrinsic elimination of drugs. PMID- 3225756 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of unlabeled and deuterium-labeled terbutaline: demonstration of a small isotope effect. AB - An equimolar mixture of terbutaline and [2H6]terbutaline was given as an oral solution to six healthy volunteers (three men and three women). Frequent blood samples were collected during a 24-h period and the plasma concentrations of unlabeled and deuterium-labeled terbutaline were measured by GC-MS. The overall geometric mean plasma concentration ratio of terbutaline to [2H6]terbutaline (isotope ratio) was 1.04 and differed significantly from unity. The difference can be explained by a difference in lipophilicity between the analogues, affecting their absorption. No trend in isotope ratio over the experimental time was observed. For unknown reasons, the isotope ratio was higher for women (1.07) than for men (1.00). Deuterium-labeled terbutaline can be used, intravenously or orally, as an absolute reference in bioavailability studies on terbutaline. If deuterium-labeled terbutaline is given orally in a single-day relative bioavailability study, a correlation should be made for the observed isotope effect. PMID- 3225757 TI - Potential metabolic mutagens of caffeine and various methylxanthines. AB - Xanthine N-carbinols, potential metabolites of caffeine and other methylxanthines, have been synthesized, characterized, and derivatized. Such intermediates, the initial metabolites arising from the cytochrome P-450 oxidation of the nitrogen-bound methyl groups, may be viewed as biological N carbinols capable of alkylating proteins and nucleic acids. Evaluation of these compounds against Salmonella typhimurium, strain TA100, has demonstrated that, in contrast to caffeine, 7-hydroxymethyltheophylline and the 3,7-bis(hydroxymethyl) 1-methylxanthine mixture did exhibit cytotoxicity. There was no evidence of mutagenesis and it is possible that the Ames assay system is not applicable to N carbinols. PMID- 3225758 TI - Stereoselective gastrointestinal clearance of disopyramide in rabbits treated with activated charcoal. AB - The ability of activated charcoal to enhance the drug elimination of two enantiomers, R- and S-disopyramide, was compared in rabbits. Orally administered activated charcoal significantly decreased the area under the serum concentration curve of R-disopyramide, whereas the same treatment had no effect on that of S disopyramide. The difference could be explained by the difference in the hepatic extraction ratio of two enantiomers in rabbits. S-Disopyramide is a drug of high hepatic extraction ratio in rabbits and R-disopyramide is of intermediate hepatic extraction ratio. Equations were derived to illustrate the influence of the hepatic extraction ratio on the apparent gastrointestinal clearance. A higher hepatic extraction ratio decreases the apparent gastrointestinal clearance of a drug. This phenomenon may explain some unsuccessful experiments of gastrointestinal dialysis. When considering the use of activated charcoal to enhance systemic drug elimination, the hepatic extraction ratio of the drug should be included. PMID- 3225759 TI - Unsaturated cyclic ureas as new nontoxic biodegradable transdermal penetration enhancers I: Synthesis. AB - A new concept was implemented to reduce the toxicity of some new biodegradable transdermal penetration enhancers. These enhancers consist of 1-alkyl-4 imidazolin-2-one and a long-chain alkyl ester group at the N-3 position. The synthesis involves N-alkylation of the parent compound with soft alkylating agents which were prepared in high yields by an improved method. A phase transfer catalysis technique using KOH as the base, tetrabutylammonium bromide as the catalyst, and toluene as the solvent was found to be most effective in the N alkylation step. PMID- 3225760 TI - Degradation kinetics of phentolamine hydrochloride in solution. AB - The degradation kinetics of phentolamine hydrochloride in aqueous solution over a pH range of 1.2 to 7.2 and its stability in propylene glycol- or polyethylene glycol 400-based solutions were investigated. The observed rate constants were shown to follow apparent first-order kinetics in all cases. The pKa determination for phentolamine hydrochloride was found to be 9.55 +/- 0.10 (n = 5) at 25 +/- 0.2 degrees C. This indicated the protonated form of phentolamine occurs in the pH range of this study. The pH-rate profile indicated a pH-independent region (pH 3.1-4.9) exists with a minimum rate around pH 2.1. The catalytic effect of acetate and phosphate buffer species is ordinary. The catalytic rate constants imposed by acetic acid, acetate ion, dihydrogen phosphate ion, and monohydrogen phosphate ion were determined to be 0.018, 0.362, 0.036, and 1.470 L mol-1 h-1, respectively. The salt effect in acetate and phosphate buffers followed the modified Debye-Huckel equation quite well. The ZAZB value obtained from the experiment closely predicts the charges of the reacting species. The apparent energy of activation was determined to be 19.72 kcal/mol for degradation of phentolamine hydrochloride in pH 3.1, 0.1 M acetate buffer solution at constant ionic strength (mu = 0.5). Irradiation with 254 nm UV light at 25 +/- 0.2 degrees C showed a ninefold increase in the degradation rate compared with the light protected control. Propylene glycol had little or no effect on the degradation of phentolamine hydrochloride at 90 +/- 0.2 degrees C; however, polyethylene glycol 400 had a definite effect. PMID- 3225761 TI - Improved delivery through biological membranes. XXXL: Solubilization and stabilization of an estradiol chemical delivery system by modified beta cyclodextrins. AB - A dihydropyridine in equilibrium pyridinium salt chemical delivery system (CDS) for estradiol (E2CDS) was complexed with various modified beta-cyclodextrins including hydroxyethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HECD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD), and heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DMCD). Complex formation with all of these cyclodextrins resulted in dramatic increases in the water solubility of E2CDS. Studies on the complex of E2CDS and HPCD (E2CDS-CD) indicated that the encapsulated estrogen was approximately four times more stable than the unmanipulated CDS, producing an estimated half-life of degradation of 4 years compared with 1.2 years for the uncomplexed drug at room temperature. The complexation of E2CDS and HPCD also stabilized the dihydronicotinate in solutions containing potassium ferricyanide. This formulation was shown to be equivalent to E2CDS in dimethyl sulfoxide in delivering the oxidized, estradiol precursor (E2Q+) to the brain, and also produced similar biological responses; these included decreased luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and a decrease in the rate of weight gain in castrated female rats. PMID- 3225762 TI - Impact of dosage regimens on the efficacy of piperacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in neutropenic mice. PMID- 3225763 TI - Determination of propranolol enantiomers in human plasma and urine and in rat tissues using chiral stationary-phase liquid chromatography. PMID- 3225764 TI - Acute cyclosporine pretreatment does not alter onset of loss of righting reflex during intravenous infusion of phenobarbital in rats. PMID- 3225765 TI - Synthesis of some substituted quinazolinediones as potential inhibitors of smooth muscle contraction. AB - 3-Substituted 2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinediones were prepared from the corresponding N substituted 2-aminobenzamides by treatment with ethyl chloroformate and KOH in ethanol. Also, a series of 3-substituted and 1-methyl-3-substituted 2,4(1H,3H) quinazolinediones were synthesized by the reaction of 1-methyl-1,4-dihydro- and 1,4-dihydro-2,4-dioxo-3(2H)-quinazolineacetic acid with the corresponding N substituted piperazines. The 13C NMR spectra and mass spectra of the compounds were measured and signals were assigned. Some of the compounds showed inhibitory action on contractile function of smooth muscle. PMID- 3225767 TI - Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a sustained-release formulation of trihexyphenidyl in healthy volunteers. AB - Twenty-four male subjects were randomized to receive two oral dosage forms of trihexyphenidyl HCl (alpha-cyclohexyl-alpha-phenyl-1-piperidinepropanol HCl). The dosage regimens were (1) a 5-mg immediate release (IR) tablet given twice daily at time zero and 12 h later, and (2) two 5-mg sustained-release (SR) capsule formulations given daily. The number of adverse experiences following the SR formulation were approximately 50% of those for the IR formulation, the peak concentration (Cmax) after the SR formulation was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than that after the first dose of the IR formulation, and the time to reach Cmax (tmax) was significantly longer after the SR formulation (p less than 0.05). The SR formulation maintained serum concentrations above 50, 60, and 70% of Cmax values for average time periods of 11.7, 9.4, and 5.9 h, respectively, compared with values of 1.8, 1.2, and 0.9 h after the IR formulation; the differences were all significant (p less than 0.05). The mean elimination half life (t1/2) was similar (p greater than 0.05) after the SR (10.1 h) and IR (8.7 h) formulations. The statistical power of the study was 98.1% to detect a 20% difference in the area under the curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC0--- infinity) between formulations. Although the AUC0----infinity after the SR formulation was statistically smaller (p less than 0.05) than after the IR tablet, the difference was less than 20%. Therefore, the SR formulation was bioequivalent to the IR tablet formulation of trihexyphenidyl. PMID- 3225766 TI - Caffeine as a potential risk factor for theophylline neurotoxicity. AB - Theophylline can cause life-threatening seizures when administered in excessive doses. The plasma concentrations associated with this neurotoxic effect vary widely among patients. To determine the reasons for the wide variation, an animal model of theophylline-induced seizures was developed and has now been used to determine the effect of pre-exposure to caffeine on theophylline-induced neurotoxicity. Male adult rats received an iv infusion of either caffeine citrate or sodium citrate solution for 15 min. Theophylline was then infused at a relatively rapid rate until onset of maximum seizures. A third group of rats received a rapid infusion of caffeine only until onset of seizures. Samples of blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid were obtained at that time for determination of caffeine and theophylline concentrations by HPLC. Prior exposure to caffeine was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the total amount of theophylline required to produce seizures and caused theophylline concentrations at all sampling sites to be significantly lower than in controls. Caffeine alone required a larger total dose and higher concentrations than theophylline alone to produce seizures. It is concluded that acute exposure to caffeine can increase the risk of theophylline-induced neurotoxicity. PMID- 3225768 TI - Effect of salicylate on serum protein binding and red blood cell uptake of acetazolamide in vitro. AB - The diffusion of acetazolamide from buffered saline and buffered albumin solutions into human erythrocytes has been characterized. A model was developed for describing the effects of both intra- and extracellular binding on the approach to distributional equilibrium. Unbound acetazolamide entered the cells via an apparent first-order process at a rate that was unaffected by salicylate at a therapeutic concentration of 200 micrograms/mL. Salicylate concentrations ranging from approximately 100 to 400 micrograms/mL, were, however, extremely effective in displacing acetazolamide from its serum protein binding sites. Free fractions of acetazolamide in human serum were found to increase by an order of magnitude as salicylate concentrations approached 400 micrograms/mL, thereby greatly increasing the concentration of unbound drug available for passive diffusion into cells. The results indicate that while competitive binding effects, which may alter unbound drug concentration-time profiles and potentially impact on toxicity, do occur, alterations in red cell membrane permeability, which could adversely affect carbon dioxide transport, are not of significance. PMID- 3225769 TI - In vitro evaluation of a sustained-release veterinary peroral pellet preparation. AB - In a preceding in vivo study in horses, wide interindividual variation was found in the extent of bioavailability and time to reach peak concentration after peroral administration of one specific theophylline sustained-release dosage form. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors of potency, the pH of dissolution medium, the enzymes in the dissolution medium, and the crushing of the pellets on in vitro performance. The results show a wide variation in potency for the individual units, an increase in release rate with increasing pH, and an increase in release rate if the pellets are crushed. The wide variation in potency explains the variation found in absolute bioavailability, and the increase in release rate when the pellets are crushed explains the differences seen in peak plasma times, since the pellets will be chewed to varying degrees by the horse. PMID- 3225771 TI - Autoinduction of phenobarbital elimination in the dog. AB - The literature provides no clear answer to the question of whether phenobarbital induces its own metabolism. To investigate this, the kinetics of phenobarbital in beagle dogs was examined using six phenobarbital doses (15, 30, 60, 100, 200, and 400 mg/d) for 3-week periods. Plasma concentrations of phenobarbital were measured by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-selective detector. The peak plasma concentrations ranged from 7.2 micrograms/mL with the 15-mg/d dose to 82 micrograms/mL with the 400-mg/d dose. A regression of phenobarbital clearance versus average plasma concentration gave an r2 value of 0.81. A 214% increase in the oral clearance of phenobarbital was obtained at the 400-mg/d dose level compared with the 15-mg/d level. The major determinant of this increased clearance was an increase in the elimination rate constant of phenobarbital from 0.18 h-1 at the 15-mg/d dose to 0.36 h-1 at the 400-mg/d dose. The apparent volume of distribution also tended to increase with dose. From these results it is suggested that one reason for the failure to observe autoinduction for phenobarbital in the past was the relatively low plasma concentrations attained in many experiments. In comparison, antipyrine clearance shows a much greater increase for the same phenobarbital concentrations, indicating that the subset of microsomal enzymes which affect phenobarbital are less sensitive to phenobarbital induction than is the subset affecting antipyrine. PMID- 3225770 TI - Effect of pH on the in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption of controlled release theophylline in dogs. AB - Dogs were used to examine the effect of elevated gastric pH on the absorption of controlled-released theophylline dosage forms with pH-dependent dissolution. In vitro studies showed that a controlled-release theophylline tablet dissolved more rapidly if it was initially exposed to an acidic media. In contrast, a controlled release theophylline beaded capsule was slightly more rapidly dissolved in the absence of an initial exposure to an acidic media. Gastric pH was increased from 0.5-2.5 to 4.5-7.0 in four dogs by using 150-mg ranitidine HCl tablets, administered every 3 h, to induce an achlorhydric condition. Gastric pH was monitored using a Heidelberg capsule. Ranitidine was shown to have no apparent effect on the absorption or clearance of theophylline administered to the dogs as an oral liquid. The mean area under the concentration-time curve to infinity (AUCinf) for the controlled-release theophylline tablet was 21% greater (p less than 0.05) when administered to the four dogs without ranitidine treatment, compared with that following dosing with ranitidine. In contrast, the controlled release beaded capsule exhibited a 10% greater AUCinf when ranitidine was given concomitantly. In general, ranitidine-induced changes in the in vivo absorption rate parameters for both dosage forms were opposite to those predicted from the in vitro dissolution rates. The results of this study demonstrated that the extent of theophylline absorption from controlled-release dosage forms, in control dogs and dogs with ranitidine-induced achlorhydria, corresponds to the pH dependent in vitro dissolution properties of the products. PMID- 3225772 TI - Mechanism of transcorneal permeation of pilocarpine. AB - The mechanism of transcorneal permeation of pilocarpine has been investigated in relation to the physicochemical properties of the permeating species and its interaction with the membrane biophase. In vitro corneal transport experiments suggested the transport of un-ionized as well as ionized pilocarpine species across the corneal membrane. However, the permeability of the ionized pilocarpine species was 4.818 x 10(-6) cm s-1, a value only one-half of that obtained for the un-ionized pilocarpine species (9.744 x 10(-6) cm s-1). Further evidence of ion transport across the cornea was obtained by examining the transport of the quaternized pilocarpine compound (i.e., pilocarpinium methyl iodide). The quaternized compound had a corneal permeability of 4.66 x 10(-6) cm s-1, similar to that obtained for the ionized pilocarpine species. The lipoidal epithelial layer of the corneal membrane appears to be the predominant barrier to the transport of polar species. Therefore, the transport of pilocarpinium cations across the lipoidal epithelium might have occurred as tightly bound ion pairs with dihydrogen phosphate and/or nitrate counter ions. Excellent linear correlation has been obtained between pilocarpine corneal permeability and the 1 octanol-water partition coefficient as a function of the state of ionization of pilocarpine. The ratio of un-ionized to ionized drug permeability across the cornea is expected to be much higher for drugs with higher 1-octanol-water partition coefficients. PMID- 3225773 TI - Influence of 1-dodecylhexahydro-2H-azepin-2-one (Azone) on the in vitro permeation of verapamil hydrochloride across rat, hairless mouse, and human cadaver skin. AB - The effect of 1-dodecylhexahydro-2H-azepine-2-one (Azone; laurocapran; 1) on the permeation of verapamil hydrochloride (2) through rat skin was studied. Compound 1 was used in various concentrations in the donor phase. The permeation of the drug increased significantly in the presence of 1 and the enhancement in permeation was dependent on the concentration of 1. A comparison of the enhancing effect of 3% 1 on permeation of 2 through rat, hairless mouse, and human cadaver skin was made. Compound 1 altered the permeability of hairless mouse skin significantly, whereas the effect on rat and human skin was comparable and not very drastic. PMID- 3225774 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an analysis of the relationship between laboratory animal and clinical doses, including species scaling. AB - The pharmacologic activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) has generally been studied in multiple tests. We examined four commonly used tests [i.e., the carrageenan edema test (CARR), the ultraviolet light-induced erythema test (UVE), the phenyl benzoquinone stretching test (PBQ), and the acetic acid stretching test (RWTH)] to determine by statistical criteria which was the best predictor of human clinical dose. We found that CARR greater than UVE greater than PBQ greater than RWTH. The CARR test, but not UVE or PBQ, showed dose proportionality between laboratory test dose and clinical dose. The RWTH test appeared to show proportionality, but the sample size was quite small. With proportionality, the scaling factor between test dose and human dose could be examined. Dose was found to scale as surface area for CARR. This relationship could not be generalized and thus each pharmacologic test must be examined individually for scaling behavior between the test and human doses. PMID- 3225775 TI - Relationship between human milk lipid-ultrafiltrate and octanol-water partition coefficients. AB - The distribution into human milk lipid of 16 drugs with widely varying lipophilicity is reported. There is a high degree of correlation between milk lipid-ultrafiltrate and octanol-water partition coefficients, measured at 37 degrees C, provided digoxin and prednisolone are excluded. These steroid-based molecules may interact with free fatty acids in milk, forming micelles and thus perturbing the milk lipid-ultrafiltrate relationship. Equations are described which enable estimation of drug distribution into milk for lipid-soluble drugs, based on drug pKa and octanol-water partition coefficients. PMID- 3225776 TI - Thixotropic behavior of a microcrystalline cellulose-sodium carboxymethylcellulose gel. AB - An extensive study has been made of the thixotropic behavior of a microcrystalline cellulose-sodium carboxymethylcellulose gel (2% weight) and of its modification due to physical factors such as agitation time, duration of storage at rest, and temperature. An empirical function, giving thixotropic area variation rate as a function of agitation time, was obtained and found to be practically independent of storage time. PMID- 3225777 TI - Preparation and characterization of disodium fluorescein powders in association with lauric and capric acids. AB - Hygroscopic growth of pharmaceutical aerosol powders is a factor governing their deposition, absorption, and pharmacologic effect in the respiratory tract. Surface association of hydrophobic molecules may reduce this effect. Disodium fluorescein was coated with the hydrophobic materials lauric and capric acids. The nature and extent of the association was investigated by a variety of techniques, with the notable use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to examine the powder surface directly. It was concluded that the fatty acids associate at the phenol--sodium bond of the disodium fluorescein, and that the extent of the bulk interaction was governed by a fatty acid-, solute-, and concentration dependent expanded surface area effect which resulted in much higher surface concentrations than might be expected by simple adsorption. PMID- 3225778 TI - Simultaneous determination of tamoxifen citrate and its E isomer impurity in bulk drug and tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A new stability-indicating HPLC method that is highly selective for the separation of E and Z isomers of tamoxifen citrate [(Z)-2-[p-(1,2-diphenyl-1 butenyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethylamine citrate] is described. The method can be used to assay tamoxifen citrate and the E isomer impurity in both bulk drug and tablets. The chromatographic system consists of a 5-microns octadecyl silica column and a mobile phase composed of an aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) and acetonitrile. N,N-Dimethyloctylamine is used as an additive in the mobile phase for improving the peak shape of tamoxifen citrate. Compared with the existing official U.S. and British Pharmacopeia methods, the new method offers the following advantages: better resolution between the E and Z isomers, shorter analyses time, stability indication, and a less aggressive mobile phase that results in a longer column life. PMID- 3225780 TI - Initial slope technique to estimate first- and zero-order drug absorption rate constants. PMID- 3225779 TI - Effect of an analgesic dose of aspirin on electrolyte disposition in healthy subjects. PMID- 3225781 TI - Aggregates in heparin. PMID- 3225782 TI - Digital perfusion with tibial nerve block. A comparative study of eight local anesthetics. PMID- 3225783 TI - Centrally located osteochondral fractures. PMID- 3225784 TI - Acute hematogenous Salmonella osteomyelitis in a nonsickle cell infant. PMID- 3225785 TI - Reality in plastic surgery. A plea for complete disclosure of results. PMID- 3225786 TI - Amino acid levels in depression: a preliminary investigation. AB - Plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue amino acid levels were measured in 14 patients with affective illness and generally confirm previous findings. There was no correlation between these values and age, sex, family history and levels of anxiety. GABA levels measured in cortex tissue were negatively correlated with depressive mood (P less than 0.05), supporting a possible involvement of GABA in depressive illness. PMID- 3225787 TI - The effect of non-factual post-training negative comment on the recall of verbal information. AB - Healthy human volunteers were asked to study a 250-word account of the 1954 World Football Cup and submitted to a questionnaire on the verbally learned material 48 h later. The subjects were divided into 7 groups. One received no treatment between text and questionnaire. The others were shown either a brief laudatory or derogatory comment on the World Cup 0, 3, or 6 h after having read the text. The comment contained no facts relevant to the text. Subjects exposed to the derogatory comment 0 or 3 h after having studied the text performed much worse in the questionnaire than any of the other groups. Performance in another, unrelated, general knowledge memory test was not affected by reading the World Cup text or subsequent comments. Thus post-event non-factual information was able to affect recall of verbally acquired factual material even if presented 3 h later; the effect does not seem to be explicable by a general performance deficit, and may be due to integration of information acquired during and after the event into one single experience. PMID- 3225788 TI - Search for abnormal proteins in erythrocytes and plasma from patients with a major depressive episode. AB - A sensitive double-label two dimensional gel electrophoresis procedure has been used to search for abnormal proteins in plasma and erythrocyte plasma membranes from patients with major depressive illness. For both plasma and erythrocytes, minor qualitative and quantitative differences between the proteins in pooled samples from depressed and normal subjects were observed; however, these were shown to be artifacts and no consistent differences were found. PMID- 3225789 TI - Smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenics: quantitative measurements with the search-coil technique. AB - Eye movements of five schizophrenic and five normal subjects were measured with the magnetic-field search-coil technique. Subjects followed targets moving smoothly at various speeds, either unpredictably in a step-ramp fashion or predictably in a triangular wave. The tracking stimulus was either a small dot or a large, richly-textured image that occupied a large portion of the visual field. Tracking by schizophrenics was abnormal; it was punctuated by catch-up saccades that corrected for smooth following movements of inadequate velocity. We did not, however, find saccadic intrusions, such as square wave jerks. Under all tracking conditions steady-state gains (eye velocity/target velocity) and, in the case of step-ramps, average acceleration in the first 120 ms were lower in patients than in normal subjects. The differences were most pronounced for tracking of the small target, moving at the highest speed tested (30 degree/s), in the nonpredictable, step-ramp waveform. With this stimulus mean steady-state gain was 0.36 (SD +/- 0.12) for the schizophrenic patients and 0.73 (SD +/- 0.11) for the normal subjects. When the target was changed to the large-field stimulus or moved in a predictable (triangular-wave) fashion, tracking improved in both patients and normal subjects, and even more so when these features were combined. PMID- 3225791 TI - C-reactive protein and acute appendicitis. PMID- 3225790 TI - Agreement between face-to-face and telephone-administered versions of the depression section of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule. AB - To increase the feasibility of identifying persons with depressive disorders in a large-scale health policy study, we tested the concordance between face-to-face and telephone-administered versions of the depression section of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). This section was administered over the telephone to 230 English-speaking participants of the Los Angeles site of the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program (ECA) after their completion of a face to-face interview (Wave II) with the full DIS. Time lag between interviews was 3 months, on the average. Persons with depressive symptoms were oversampled. Using the face-to-face version as the criterion measure, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the telephone version for identifying the presence or absence of any lifetime unipolar depressive disorder were 71, 89, and 63 percent, respectively; the kappa statistic was 0.57, and agreement was unbiased. The comparable figures for concordance between two face-to-face interviews administered one year apart to the same subjects were 54, 89, and 60 percent and 0.45 (kappa), respectively. Thus, disagreement was due primarily to test-retest unreliability of the DIS rather than the method of administration. PMID- 3225792 TI - Adhesions are not always postoperative. PMID- 3225793 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the jejunum and ileum. PMID- 3225794 TI - Which drain? A comparison of the tensile strengths of vacuum drainage tubes. PMID- 3225795 TI - Contamination of suction drainage systems in vascular surgery. PMID- 3225796 TI - A review of cervical spine X-rays from a casualty department. PMID- 3225797 TI - Validation of the ASEPSIS method of wound scoring in patients undergoing general surgical operations. PMID- 3225798 TI - Intestinal obstruction during pregnancy and the puerperium at Mpilo Central Hospital. PMID- 3225800 TI - Central trigeminal injury: a sign of basal skull fracture. PMID- 3225799 TI - Duplication of the colon and genito-urinary tracts: management of a case and review of embryogenesis. PMID- 3225801 TI - Surgical treatment of a case of severe hemifacial atrophy. PMID- 3225802 TI - A 'wee stirrup' to ease a little problem. PMID- 3225803 TI - Canine congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AB - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, affecting both sexes, was present in five of 27 puppies from three father-daughter matings. A purebred Golden Retriever was the common sire. The defect occurred in the left dorsolateral portion of the diaphragm, suggesting failure of closure of the left pleuroperitoneal canal during embryonic development. These findings, and a previous report of a similar defect in neonatal puppies, are consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance of canine diaphragmatic defects. PMID- 3225805 TI - Multisystem neuronal degeneration in cocker spaniels. AB - Four young Cocker Spaniels had slowly progressive neurologic signs with ataxia and mental deterioration. Pathologically, the lesions consisted of diffuse nerve cell loss, gliosis, axonal degeneration, and some demyelination in several areas of the brain. Pedigree analysis strongly suggests a hereditary cause for this disease, which is classified as a multisystem neuronal degeneration. This disorder has not been previously reported and has some resemblance to certain degenerative neurologic diseases found in humans. The clinical differential diagnosis includes cerebellar degeneration and lysosomal storage diseases. A definitive diagnosis requires postmortem examination. PMID- 3225804 TI - A field evaluation of benzimidazole and nonbenzimidazole drugs in a herd of dairy goats. AB - A study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of six anthelmintics in a herd of dairy goats. Pretreatment larval cultures indicated that the goats were infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Three separate treatment regimens were administered. In each trial, mature nonlactating goats were allocated into two treatment groups and a control group. Treatment groups received thiabendazole (TBZ) or levamisole (LEV), mebendazole (MBZ) or fenbendazole (FBZ), and morantel tartrate (MOR) or ivermectin (IVR). LEV, MOR, and IVR reduced fecal strongyle egg counts by 99% to 100% of pretreatment values. The benzimidazole (BZD) drugs changed pretreatment fecal egg counts by +2% to 32%. Results of posttreatment larval culture demonstrated the presence of H contortus larvae following the administration of BZD drugs. PMID- 3225806 TI - Evaluation of citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine as a storage medium for packed canine erythrocytes. AB - Packed canine red blood cells (RBCs) stored in the anticoagulant-preservative solution citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1) were studied at 1, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days. The extracellular concentrations of potassium and sodium, erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume, and osmotic fragility increased during storage (P less than 0.05). There was a decrease in the pH, plasma concentration of glucose, and erythrocyte concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (P less than 0.05). Erythrocyte 2,3-DPG concentration decreased by 54% within the first 24 hours of storage (P less than 0.001). Posttransfusion viability (PTV) decreased from 90% on day 1 to 46% on day 40 (P less than 0.05). The PTV of the RBCs stored for 10 and 20 days complied with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standard. Although there are marked biochemical and hematologic changes in stored packed red blood cells (pRBCs), 20 day-old units may be expected to be of acceptable quality. The sharp decrease in 2,3-DPG concentration suggests a reduction in oxygen carrying capacity in erythrocytes stored as pRBCs. Hyperkalemia occurs during storage of pRBCs and does not appear to be associated with high intraerythrocytic potassium concentrations. PMID- 3225807 TI - Nutritional management of idiopathic chronic colitis in the dog. AB - Idiopathic chronic colitis was diagnosed in 13 dogs. Owners sought veterinary care because of semiformed to liquid feces, fresh blood and/or mucus in the feces, tenesmus, increased frequency of defecation, vomiting, weight loss, and flatulence in their dogs. A lymphocytic, plasmacytic infiltration in the colonic lamina propria was found on colonic biopsy specimens. Signs resolved in all 13 dogs after they were fed a low residue, easily assimilated, relatively hypoallergenic diet. In 11 dogs, two commercial diets not previously fed to these dogs were successfully substituted for the initial test diet, without causing recurrence of signs. Only two of these 11 dogs subsequently tolerated a switch to diets that had been fed at the time of onset of signs of colitis. All 13 dogs have been successfully managed from 2 months to 28 months following the initiation of dietary therapy. The results of these dietary challenges strongly suggest a dietary role in the pathogenesis of this disorder, and also illustrate the importance of dietary therapy in the management of idiopathic chronic colitis. PMID- 3225810 TI - Chernobyl: the lessons learnt. PMID- 3225808 TI - Complete heart block in a dog seropositive for Borrelia burgdorferi. Similarity to human Lyme carditis. AB - Lyme disease has been recognized in humans since 1975 when it was associated with an outbreak of oligoarthritis in children in Lyme, Connecticut. Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) is a clinical marker for the human disease, which usually appears within 3 to 32 days after an infected tick bite. Lyme disease is caused by spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, which is vectored by the hard ticks Ixodes dammini or Ixodes pacificus in the United States. In humans, Lyme disease has been found to cause a variety of clinical syndromes including cardiopathy, neuropathy, dermatopathy, and arthropathy. Human Lyme carditis is characterized by varying degrees of atrioventricular (AV) heart block that usually resolve regardless of therapy. Lyme disease has been reported in the dog as an arthropathy. This article reports a case of complete heart block and myocarditis in a dog with a positive titer for B burgdorferi, in which clinical and pathologic findings were similar to those seen in human Lyme myocarditis. PMID- 3225809 TI - Recording of visual-evoked potentials in dogs with scalp electrodes. AB - Following unsuccessful attempts to record visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) in dogs with scalp electrodes, adoption of a new stimulation technique seems to be beneficial. Previously, flashes of white light administered after dark adaptation induced relatively high amplitude electroretinograms (ERGs) covering any VEP activity over the surface of the skull. ERG amplitude, however, can be significantly reduced using flashes of red light after light adaptation (mostly cone stimulation). Simultaneous ERG and VEP recording allows identification of VEPs composed of three significantly different negative peaks (N1, N2, and N3) measured in dogs anesthetized with chloralose and halothane. No more than two of the three peaks were seen in one recording. Only the N1 and N3 waves were consistently recorded in dogs anesthetized with thiopental and thiopental combined with halothane. In 50% of all recordings, N1 was seen alone. The other VEPs consisted of N1 and N2, or N1 and N3 occurring concurrently. The simultaneous occurrence of N2 and N3 waves, however, was never seen. Among all recordings, N1 was most frequently recorded (85% of measurements), followed by N3 and N2 (38% and 31% of measurements, respectively). Peaks of less than 90 ms are highly reproducible. Anesthesia is necessary to eliminate frequent artifacts obtained in conscious and sedated dogs. Thiopental and/or halothane had no effect on measured latencies compared with chloralose. PMID- 3225811 TI - A nutritional analysis of food provided to Royal Naval personnel at sea. PMID- 3225812 TI - An audiological survey of aircrew. PMID- 3225813 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen in osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. PMID- 3225814 TI - Cytochemical detection of receptors specific for N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins in the membrane of the human spermatozoon and their distribution in the different zones of that membrane. AB - The horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a glycoprotein rich in mannose and N acetylglucosamine residues has been used as a ligand to detect receptors for N glycosidic linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins in the human spermatozoon. Specific binding of HRP occurred to the membrane and the binding sites were visualized with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-H2O2 (DAB-H2O2) reagent, and by fluorescence when the FITC-peroxidase was used. This specific binding was suppressed by alpha-D-methyl-mannoside and human chorionic gonadotropin, decreased by follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones and slightly diminished by N-acetylglucosamine. The distribution of the N-linked oligosaccharide specific receptors for glycoproteins in the different zones of the membrane of the spermatozoon was determined by counting the spermatozoa labeled in those zones. The pattern of the distribution is similar to that found for N-linked oligosaccharides containing glycoproteins of the same membrane. The similarity of these distributions together with the general model for cell-to cell recognition suggest that the sperm-egg interaction mechanism could consist of dual interactions by double binding receptors. PMID- 3225815 TI - Enhancement of murine splenic immunoglobulin secretion in vitro by supernatants from fetal and placental cell cultures. AB - Supernatants from short-term cell cultures of fetal and placental tissues of mid term allogeneically (CBA/Ca x C57/Bl) and syngeneically (CBA/Ca x CBA/Ca) pregnant mice were tested for B-cell enhancing activity in vitro. Immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells were detected by the protein-A-plaque assay and DNA synthesis was measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. Supernatants from placental and fetal liver cell cultures (but not fetal fibroblasts) were significantly stimulatory to spontaneous IgM (and to some extent IgG) production in a system using adult untreated spleen cells as target cells. Conditioned media were also added to LPS- and PHA-activated spleen cell cultures. In this system none of the supernatants affected the development of Ig secretors. The DNA synthesis of the target cells was slightly depressed by the addition of conditioned medium from fetal and placental cells. The results indicate that the typical increase in the number of maternal splenic Ig secretors observed in vivo during murine pregnancy could be the result of enhancing factors deriving from the placenta and the fetus (e.g. fetal liver). PMID- 3225816 TI - Participation of different cellular types in the enhancement of autoimmune response of old animals to sex accessory glands in male rats: importance of macrophages. AB - In a previous work, we showed that the immunization of male rats, 3 and 12 months old, with saline extract of rat male accessory glands chemically modified (MRAG) and human serum albumin (HSA) induced a higher humoral and cellular autoimmune response in old animals than in young ones. We have also demonstrated that the facilitation of the autoimmune response is transferred by spleen total cells of 12-month-old animals. The immune response to HSA was not modified. In this work, the cellular type involved in such facilitation was analyzed. For this transference experiment, cells enriched in T and B lymphocytes and macrophages were used. The results showed that the macrophage is the main cellular type involved. However, the transference was only total with the three cellular types together. The study, performed with macrophages pulsed in vivo with MRAG-HSA and then transferred to normal recipients, indicated that although the macrophages from young and old animals were capable of presenting the antigens, the latter did this with significantly greater efficiency for the autoantigen. PMID- 3225817 TI - Antibodies to trophoblast in normal pregnant and secondary aborting women. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with the use of chorionic villous plasma membranes prepared from first trimester and term placentae were employed to detect antibodies to trophoblast in normal primigravid women. Normal pregnant women were found to produce IgG antibodies to trophoblast. These antibodies could be eluted from first trimester placentae. This antibody response was observed in the first trimester and gradually decreased as pregnancy progressed. IgM antibody responses were observed only in the third trimester. Antibodies in some primigravid women and secondary recurrent aborters showed allotypic reactivity with individual trophoblast membranes. This finding was confirmed by immunoblotting experiments in which antibodies from some normal pregnant women were shown to recognize the same trophoblast antigens as those recognized by antibodies from secondary recurrent spontaneous aborters. PMID- 3225818 TI - Expression of the proliferation markers Ki67 and transferrin receptor by human trophoblast populations. AB - Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the expression of proliferation markers (Ki67 and transferrin receptor) by fetal trophoblast in normal human pregnancy. In placental villous tissue, transferrin receptor was detected not only on the apical syncytiotrophoblastic membrane but also on the proximal portion of cytotrophoblast columns, an area of high cellular proliferative activity. The majority of cells in cytotrophoblast columns and shell showed nuclear reactivity with Ki67. Villous syncytiotrophoblast was uniformly unreactive with Ki67 but a proportion of the underlying cytotrophoblast was Ki67-positive throughout pregnancy. Occasional Ki67-positive trophoblast cells were identified within chorion laeve at term. In contrast, interstitial and endovascular extravillous trophoblast in maternal uterine decidual tissue failed to label with either proliferation marker. Thus, chorionic villous cytotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast in the chorion laeve appear to retain their proliferative capacity into late pregnancy. Cytotrophoblast columns represent a zone of cellular proliferation which may be dependent on transferrin. PMID- 3225819 TI - A deletion of one nucleotide results in functional deficiency of apolipoprotein CII (apo CII Toronto). AB - Apolipoprotein CII Toronto is a mutant non-functional apo CII resulting in apo CII deficiency. A portion of the mutant apo CII gene was cloned into lambda gt10 and subclones were sequenced. A deletion of one base was found in the codon for amino acid Thr68, resulting in alteration of six amino acids and premature termination of the protein at amino acid 74. PMID- 3225820 TI - Prediction of consanguinity using human DNA fingerprints. AB - DNA fingerprinting was performed to verify the pedigree structure of a family under investigation for an unusual case of beta thalassaemia. A higher than expected proportion of hypervariable bands was shared by the proband and his mother, leading to suspicion that the child had been the product of a consanguineous mating. Further analysis of the mother's brother showed that he was almost certainly the proband's father. PMID- 3225821 TI - A simple method for calculating risks before DNA analysis. AB - Calculation of carrier risk of an X linked disease may be performed on a small computer after DNA analysis, but a method for rapid hand estimation of the risk is still useful for a quick check of the results and weighing the relative importance of each element of information, such as the determination of a haplotype. Each risk estimation is a function of a prior risk and the product of likelihood ratios and these terms are derived themselves from parameters such as fitness or the relative mutation rate in male and female gametes. Even if it is often difficult to have strong experimental estimation of these variables, the existence of a normal father or grandfather must be considered whenever male fitness is not null. The likelihood ratio for a woman for not being a carrier, when her father is not affected and her mother has herself a likelihood R for not having the mutated gene, may be expressed as the ratio 2R/(CmR + 1), with Cm being a function of male fitness and relative mutation rate. Cm represents the odds ratio for the mother of a carrier not to be a carrier, given that the father of the known carrier is not affected. This formula can be used recurrently and reduces to 2R/(R + 1) in lethal X linked disease. When likelihood ratios are expressed as an algebraic function, maximum values are easily determined, hence fixing the limits of DNA analysis. PMID- 3225822 TI - Heterogeneity of familial porphyria cutanea tarda. AB - The concentration of immunoreactive uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase has been measured in erythrocytes from 17 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) from 10 families, from 74 of their relatives, and from 47 control subjects. The 10 families were divided into two groups according to their erythrocyte enzyme concentrations. Group A contained four families in which at least two subjects had overt PCT. All members of these families, including seven patients with overt PCT, had normal erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase concentrations and activities. Apart from their family history, patients in group A were clinically and biochemically indistinguishable from cases of type I (sporadic) PCT. Group B contained six families with the only previously described form of familial PCT (type II PCT) in which decreased erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase segregates as an autosomal dominant trait. These findings show that familial PCT is heterogeneous and suggest that inheritance contributes to the pathogenesis of at least some cases of type I PCT. PMID- 3225823 TI - A new high activity plasma cholinesterase variant. AB - A South African Afrikaans speaking family is reported in which a new high activity plasma cholinesterase variant was found to occur in the mother and son. The variant has the same electrophoretic mobility as the "usual' enzyme, but greater heat stability. Its higher specific activity is associated with a normal number of enzyme molecules. The variant may be inherited as a dominant trait, though its locus is uncertain. PMID- 3225824 TI - Genetic counselling in hereditary osteo-onychodysplasia (HOOD, nail-patella syndrome) with nephropathy. AB - Hereditary osteo-onychodysplasia (HOOD, nail-patella syndrome) is an autosomal dominant condition characterised by nail dysplasia, patellar hypoplasia or aplasia, and nephropathy. The risk for HOOD patients to have a child with HOOD who will develop renal failure cannot easily be deduced from published pedigrees. We have studied a large family with 30 patients with HOOD and have analysed 34 kindreds with HOOD nephropathy from published reports, comprising 213 patients. For a patient with HOOD from a family in which HOOD nephropathy occurs, the risk of having a child with HOOD nephropathy is about 1:4; the risk of having a child in whom renal failure will develop is about 1:10. PMID- 3225826 TI - A new recognisable syndrome in three sibs with congenital heart disease, round face with depressed nasal bridge, short stature, and developmental retardation. AB - We report three sibs with congenital heart disease, round face with depressed nasal bridge, small mouth, short stature, developmental retardation, relatively dark skin, and high axial triradius. The chromosomes of the three patients were normal and the parents were unrelated, healthy, and of normal intelligence. The mother denied infections, drinking, drug intake, or exposure to known teratogenic agents during each pregnancy. PMID- 3225825 TI - Increased sharing of maternal HLA haplotypes among children exposed to diphenylhydantoin during pregnancy. AB - During investigation of HLA types among children exposed to diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in utero, we found no evidence of a distortion in haplotype sharing among affected sib pairs. Unexpectedly, however, we found a marked increase in the proportion of all sib pairs (not just affected ones) sharing maternal haplotypes. Among 14 two child families, 12 shared the maternal haplotype (expected would be seven); among families with more than two children the distortion was also pronounced. This finding, if verified in future studies, could indicate that something in the mothers, whether DPH use during pregnancy, or some genetic factor associated with seizures, or some effect of the seizures themselves, may be leading to non-random segregation of HLA haplotypes in their offspring. PMID- 3225827 TI - Arachnoid cysts in a brother and sister. AB - We describe a brother and sister with microcephaly and mental retardation who were shown by cranial CT scan to have almost identical unilateral arachnoid cysts. The occurrence in sibs suggests the possibility of a genetic basis for at least some cases of arachnoid cysts. PMID- 3225828 TI - Late replication studies and esterase D levels in a case of unbalanced X;autosome translocation, 46,X,t(X;13)(q27;q12). PMID- 3225829 TI - Is the expression of fra(2)(q13) age dependent? PMID- 3225830 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of heritable t(3;7) and t(14;21) in two sibs. PMID- 3225831 TI - Technical note: electrosurgery active lead failures. AB - A cause of electrosurgical burns in surgical procedures is faulty active leads. A survey of faults and modes of failures are reported. The design of a meter is given for use by a sterilizing department to enable leads to be checked. Using the criterion of two times the original resistance, 35 cables were found to be defective out of a population of about 200 cables. About half of these cables transmitted radio frequency (RF) power inefficiently: often power was intermittent and hot spots would develop. The commonest mode of failure was a break between the socket and the wire at the forceps end. Rejection criteria are reviewed and we suggest a resistance less than 0.3 omega. PMID- 3225832 TI - Technical note: a mains drop-out simulator. AB - During an investigation into mains-borne and radiated interference in the Ultrasound Department of St James's University Hospital, the need arose to determine the susceptibility of some equipment to the mains supply failing for very brief periods. This is known as 'drop-out'. A circuit was built that can drop out the mains supply to a piece of equipment for up to 15 consecutive half cycles at a selectable repetition rate between approximately 0.4/s to 6.5/s. Circuit design was simplified by using a solid state relay (SSR), which turns on and off only at the zero crossing points in the mains supply waveform. PMID- 3225833 TI - Evaluation report: dialysis and ancillary equipment. PMID- 3225834 TI - Factors responsible for oscillations of membrane potential recorded with tight seal-patch electrodes in mouse fibroblasts. AB - In giant fibroblastic L cells, penetration of a conventional microelectrode brought about marked decreases in the membrane potential and input resistance measured with a patch electrode under tight-seal whole-cell configuration, and repeated hyperpolarizations were often observed upon penetration. Therefore, the question arose whether such leakage artifact is a causal factor for generation of the membrane potential oscillation even in giant L cells. During whole-cell recordings, however, regular potential oscillations were observed in the cells that had not been impaled with a conventional microelectrode, as far as the Ca2+ buffer was not strong in the pipette solution. Oscillatory changes in the intracellular potential were detected by extracellular recordings with a tight seal patch electrode in the cell-attached configuration. Thus, the potential oscillation occurs even in the absence of penetration-induced leakage or without rupture of the patch membrane. Withdrawal of a micropipette from one cell was often found to induce marked cell damage and elicit oscillatory hyperpolarizations in a neighboring cell with a certain time lag. The longer the distance between the injured and recorded cells, the greater was the time lag. Application of the cell lysate on the cell surface also gave rise to oscillatory hyperpolarizations. After repeated applications of the lysate, the membrane became unresponsive (desensitized), suggesting the involvement of receptors for the lysate factor. The lysates of different cell species (mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells or human epithelial Intestine 407 cells) produced similar effects. The effective component was heat stable and distinct from ATP. Lysate-induced hyperpolarizations were inhibited by deprivation of extracellular Ca2+ and by application of a Ca2+ channel blocker (nifedipine) or a K+ channel blocker (quinine) in the same manner as spontaneous oscillatory hyperpolarizations. It is concluded that the mouse fibroblast exhibits membrane potential oscillations, when the cell was activated, presumably via receptor systems, by some diffusible factors released from damaged cells. PMID- 3225835 TI - Impermeant potential-sensitive oxonol dyes: II. The dependence of the absorption signal on the length of alkyl substituents attached to the dye. AB - We have measured the potential-dependent light absorption changes of 43 impermeant oxonol dyes with an oxidized cholesterol bilayer lipid membrane system. The size of the signal is strongly dependent on the chain length of alkyl groups attached to the chromophore. Dye molecules with intermediate chain lengths give the largest signals. To better understand the dependence of the absorbance signal on alkyl chain length, a simple equilibrium thermodynamic analysis has been derived. The analysis uses the free energy of dye binding to the membrane and the "on-off" model (E.B. George et al., J. Membrane Biol., 103:245-253, 1988a) for the potential-sensing mechanism. In this model, a population of dye molecules in nonpolar membrane binding sites is in a potential-dependent equilibrium with a second population of dye that resides in an unstirred layer adjacent to the membrane. Dye in the unstirred layer is in a separate equilibrium with dye in the bulk bathing solution. The equilibrium binding theory predicts a "sigmoidally shaped" increase in signal with increasing alkyl chain length, even for very nonpolar dyes. We suggest that aggregation of the more hydrophobic dyes in the membrane bathing solution may be responsible for their low signals, which are not predicted by the theory. PMID- 3225836 TI - Impermeant potential-sensitive oxonol dyes: III. The dependence of the absorption signal on membrane potential. AB - We have measured potential-dependent changes in the absorption of light by oxidized cholesterol bilayer lipid membranes in the presence of impermeant oxonol dyes. The magnitude of the absorption signal increased linearly with the size of potential steps over a range of 500 mV. The signal also increased when the offset voltage of the pulse train was increased from -150 to +150 mV. The data are consistent with the "on-off" mechanism proposed by E. B. George et al. (J. Membrane Biol. 103:245-253, 1988) in which the probe undergoes potential dependent movement between a binding site in the membrane and an aqueous region just off the surface of the membrane. An equilibrium thermodynamic analysis of the experimental data indicates that the negatively charged oxonol chromophore senses only 5-10% of the total membrane potential difference across the membrane when it is driven into a nonpolar binding site on the membrane. PMID- 3225837 TI - Kinetics of voltage- and Ca2+ activation and Ba2+ blockade of a large-conductance K+ channel from Necturus enterocytes. AB - Potassium channels in membranes of isolated Necturus enterocytes were studied using the patch-clamp technique. The most frequent channel observed had a conductance of 170 pS and reversal potential of 0 mV in symmetrical potassium rich solutions. Channels were highly K- selective. Channel activity was modulated by membrane potential and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Channel openings occurred in characteristic bursts separated by long closures. During bursts openings were interrupted by brief closures. Two gating modes controlled channel opening. The primary gate's sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+ concentration and membrane potential crucially determined long duration closures and bursting. In comparison, the second gate determining brief closures was largely insensitive to voltage and intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The channel was reversibly blocked by cytosolic barium exposure in a voltage-sensitive manner. Blockade reduced open state probability without altering single-channel conductance and could be described, at relatively high Ca2+ concentration, by a three-state model where Ba2+ interacted with the open channel with a dissociation constant of about 10( 4) M at 0 mV. PMID- 3225838 TI - Identification and comparison of bile acid-binding polypeptides in ileal basolateral membrane. AB - Bile acid-binding polypeptides were examined using basolateral membrane vesicles and enterocytes isolated from rat ileum. The uptake of a photolabile taurocholate derivative, (7,7,-azo-3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta[3 beta-3H]cholan-24-oyl) 2- aminoethanesulfonate,7,7-azo-TC, in ileal vesicles preloaded with paraaminohippurate (PAH) was stimulated with respect to uptake in unpreloaded vesicles. The PAH-transstimulated uptake of 7,7-azo-TC was inhibited by taurocholate and vice versa. Irradiation of membrane vesicles in the presence of 7,7-azo-TC irreversibly inhibited PAH-transstimulated taurocholate uptake. Photoaffinity labeling of basolateral membrane vesicles directly with [3H] 7,7 azo-TC and separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE revealed incorporation of radioactivity into several polypeptides. Photoaffinity labeling of vesicles in the presence of taurocholate inhibited the labeling of 54,000 and 59,000 mol. wt. polypeptides. The efflux of taurocholate from ileal enterocytes was cis-inhibited by 7,7-azo-TC and transstimulated by PAH. Irradiation of enterocytes in the presence of 7,7-azo-TC inhibited taurocholate efflux greater than the presence of 7,7-azo-TC in the dark. When enterocytes that were irradiated in the presence of [3H] 7,7-azo-TC were fractionated and the resultant basolateral membrane fraction was subjected to SDS-PAGE, incorporation of radioactivity into the 54,000 and 59,000 mol. wt. polypeptides was seen. In contrast, when the brush-border membrane fraction was subjected to SDS-PAGE, greatest incorporation of radioactivity was seen in the previously described 99,000 mol. wt. polypeptide. These studies suggest that 7,7-azo-TC shared transporters with natural bile acid and identified polypeptides that may be involved in bile acid transport across the basolateral membrane and differ from that seen in the brush-border membrane of the ileal epithelial cell. PMID- 3225840 TI - Electrophysiological properties of Dictyostelium derived from membrane potential measurements with microelectrodes. AB - Electrical membrane properties of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum were investigated with the use of intracellular microelectrodes. The rapid potential transients (1 msec) upon microelectrode penetration of normal cells had a negative-going peak-shaped time course. This indicates that penetration of a cell with a microelectrode causes a rapid depolarization, which can just be recorded by the microelectrode itself. Therefore, the initial (negative) peak potential transient value Ep (-19mV) should be used as an indicator of the resting membrane potential Em of D. discoideum before impalement, rather than the subsequent semistationary depolarized value En (-5 mV). Using enlarged cells such as giant mutant cells (Ep = -39 mV) and electrofused normal cells (Ep = -30 mV) improved the reliability of Ep as an indicator of Em. From the data we concluded that Em of D. discoideum cells bathed in (mM) 40 NaCl, 5 KCl and 1 CaCl2 is at least -50 mV. This potential was shown to be dependent on extracellular potassium. The average input resistance Ri of the impaled cells was 56 M omega for normal D. discoideum. However, our analysis indicates that the membrane resistance of these cells before impalement is greater than 1 G omega. Specific membrane capacitance was 1-3 pF/cm2. Long-term recording of the membrane potential showed the existence of a transient hyperpolarization following the rapid impalement transient. This hyperpolarization was associated with an increase in Ri of the impaled cell. It was followed by a depolarization, which was associated with a decrease in Ri. The depolarization time was dependent on the filling of the microelectrode. The present characterization of the electrical membrane properties of Dictyostelium cells is a first step in a membrane electrophysiological analysis of signal transduction in cellular slime molds. PMID- 3225839 TI - Steady-state and transient membrane potentials in human red cells determined by protonophore-mediated pH changes. AB - Protonophores have been used frequently to determine changes in membrane potential in suspensions of red cells, since such changes are reflected by changes in extracellular pH, due to proton and consequently protonophore reequilibration. In a previous paper (Bennekou, P. 1988, J. Membrane Biol. 102:225-234) a kinetic model for the translocation of a protonophore, CCCP, across the human red cell membrane was established. This model accounts for the protonophore reequilibration following abrupt changes in membrane potential. In this paper the limitations of the method with regard to the estimation of transient membrane potentials are examined, using the transport model to simulate changes in extracellular pH in response to noninstantaneous changes in membrane potential. The temperature and time resolution calculated from the model are reported. Furthermore, it is shown that the transport model established for CCCP is valid for another protonophore, TCS, thus indicating the general validity of the transport scheme for the entire class of protonophores. PMID- 3225842 TI - Voltage dependence of Na/K pump current in Xenopus oocytes. AB - Stage V and VI (Dumont, J.N., 1972, J. Morphol. 136:153-180) oocytes of Xenopus laevis were treated with collagenase to remove follicular cells and were placed in K-free solution for 2 to 4 days to elevate internal [Na]. Na/K pump activity was studied by restoring the eggs to normal 3 mM K Barth's solution and measuring membrane current-voltage (I-V) relationships before and after the addition of 10 microM dihydroouabain (DHO) using a two-microelectrode voltage clamp. Two pulse protocols were used to measure membrane I-V relationships, both allowing membrane currents to be determined twice at each of a series of membrane potentials: (i) a down-up-down sequence of 5 mV, 1-sec stair steps and (ii) a similar sequence of 1 sec voltage pulses but with consecutive pulses separated by 4-sec recovery periods at the holding potential (-40 mV). The resulting membrane I-V relationships determined both before and during exposure to DHO showed significant hysteresis between the first and second current measurements at each voltage. DHO difference curves also usually showed hysteresis indicating that DHO caused a change in a component of current that varied with time. Since, by definition, the steady-state Na/K pump I-V relationship must be free of hysteresis, the presence of hysteresis in DHO difference I-V curves can be used as a criterion for excluding such data from consideration as a valie measure of the Na/K pump I-V relationship. DHO difference I-V relationships that did not show hysteresis were sigmoid functions of membrane potential when measured in normal (90 mM) external Na solution. The Na/K pump current magnitude saturated near 0 mV at a value of 1.0-1.5 microA cm-2, without evidence of negative slope conductance for potentials up to +55 mV. The Na/K pump current magnitude in Na free external solution was approximately voltage independent. Since these forward going Na/K pump I-V relationships do not show a region of negative slope over the voltage range -110 to +55 mV, it is not necessary to postulate the existence of more than one voltage-dependent step in the reaction cycle of the forward-going Na/K pump. PMID- 3225841 TI - Inward rectifier K channels in renal epithelioid cells (MDCK) activated by serotonin. AB - The present study has been performed to test for the effect of intracellular calcium and of serotonin on the channel activity in patches from subconfluent MDCK-cells. In inside-out patches, inwardly rectifying potassium-selective channels are observed with open probabilities of 0.01 +/- 0.01, 0.24 +/- 0.03 and 0.39 +/- 0.07, at 100 nmol/liter, 1 mumol/liter or 10 mumol/liter calcium activity, respectively. The single-channel slope conductance is 34 +/- 2 pS, if the potential difference across the patch (Vp) is zero, and approaches 59 +/- 1 pS, if Vp is -50 mV, cell negative. In the cell-attached mode, little channel activity is observed prior to application of serotonin (open probability = 0.03 +/- 0.03). If 1 mumol/liter serotonin is added to the bath perfusate, the open probability increases rapidly to a peak value of 0.34 +/- 0.04 within 8 sec. In continued presence of the hormone, the open probability declines to approach 0.06 +/- 0.02 within 30 sec. At zero potential difference between pipette and reference in the bath (i.e., the potential difference across the patch is equal to the potential difference across the cell membrane), the single-channel conductance is 59 +/- 4 pS. In conclusion, inwardly rectifying potassium channels have been identified in the cell membrane of subconfluent MDCK-cells, which are activated to a similar extent by increase of intracellular calcium activity to 1 mumol/liter and by extracellular application of 1 mumol/liter serotonin. PMID- 3225843 TI - Isolation of the chick myosin alkali light chain gene expressed in embryonic gizzard muscle and transitional expression of the light chain gene family in vivo. AB - A chick embryonic myosin alkali light chain L23 gene that is expressed transiently at embryonic stages in chick skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles and in brain continuously from embryo to adult stages, was isolated and characterized. Sequence analysis showed that the exonic sequence of this gene was identical with that of embryonic myosin light chain mRNA except for one base replacement. This gene is a single gene of 5200 bases, which is divided into seven exons by six introns, and the positions of inserts of all the introns are well-conserved as in the skeletal and cardiac muscle myosin alkali light chain genes. Therefore, this embryonic myosin light chain gene can be classified as a member of the myosin alkali light chain gene family, and these three genes may have originated from a common ancestral gene. Transcription of the embryonic light chain gene starts from the same initiation site 33 bases upstream from ATG in embryonic muscle tissues and brain. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence around the promotor region of the embryonic myosin light chain gene with the corresponding regions of the skeletal and cardiac myosin light chain genes showed that the 11-base consensus sequence (TCCTATTTATAG) is present about 100 bases upstream from the transcription initiation site in each gene. PMID- 3225844 TI - Regulation of cytosine methylation in ribosomal DNA and nucleolus organizer expression in wheat. AB - Cytosine methylation has been studied in wheat rRNA genes at nucleolar organizers displaying different activities. The methylation pattern within a specific multigene locus is influenced by the number and type of rRNA genes in other rDNA loci in the cell. One CCGG site 164 base-pairs upstream from the start of transcription is preferentially unmethylated in some genes. Dominant, very active loci have a higher proportion of rRNA genes with unmethylated cytosine residues in comparison with recessive and inactive loci. It is concluded that cytosine methylation in rDNA is regulated and that the methylation pattern correlates with the transcription potential of an rRNA gene. PMID- 3225845 TI - DNase I sensitivity of ribosomal RNA genes in chromatin and nucleolar dominance in wheat. AB - Ribosomal RNA genes at different nucleolar organizer (NOR) loci in hexaploid wheat are expressed at different levels. The degree of expression of a particular organizer depends on the genetic background, especially on the presence of other NOR loci. For example, when chromosome 1U of Aegilops umbellulata is introduced into the hexaploid wheat cultivar "Chinese Spring" the A. umbellulata NOR accounts for most of the nucleolar activity and seems to suppress the activity of the wheat NOR loci. Even in wild-type "Chinese Spring", the NOR on chromosome 1B is partially dominant to that on chromosome 6B, since the 1B locus is more active in spite of having fewer genes. We have previously shown that these and other examples of nucleolar dominance in wheat are associated with undermethylation of cytosine residues in certain regions of the dominant rDNA. Here, we show that rRNA genes at dominant loci are organized in a chromatin conformation that renders them more sensitive to DNase I digestion than other rRNA genes. In addition, we have mapped several DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the intergenic spacer region of the rDNA repeating unit. Some of these sites are located near the initiation region for the 45 S rRNA precursor, while others are associated with a series of short direct repeats 5' to the 45 S rRNA initiation site. The results are discussed in terms of a model in which repeated sequences in the wheat intergenic DNA are presumed to function as upstream promoters and transcriptional enhancers similar to those in Xenopus. PMID- 3225846 TI - Structure and regulation of controlling sequences for the Streptomyces coelicolor glycerol operon. AB - The pathway for glycerol catabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor is determined by the gylABX operon. The sequence of about 1500 base-pairs (bp) preceding the structural genes of the operon has been determined, and related to a detailed transcriptional analysis of this region. The gylABX operon contains two major promoters, gylP1 and gylP2, separated by 50 bp. Both promoters are glycerol inducible and glucose-repressible. A 900-base transcription unit, gylR, is situated immediately upstream of the gylABX promoter region and contains an open reading frame for a 27,600 Mr protein. The predicted sequence of this protein contains a region that is similar to the helix-turn-helix domains of certain DNA binding proteins. Transcription of gylR is also glycerol-inducible, but is only weakly glucose-repressible, and initiates predominantly from a single promoter, gylRp. The three promoters, gylRP, gylP1 and gylP2, each resemble the "typical" prokaryotic consensus promoter sequence. The DNA sequence of the gylR and gylABX promoter regions share some striking features. These include almost identical operator-like elements (segments of which are tandemly repeated around gylRP) and tracts of alternating purine-pyrimidine residues. PMID- 3225847 TI - Nature and distribution of sites of temperature-sensitive folding mutations in the gene for the P22 tailspike polypeptide chain. AB - Temperature-sensitive folding (tsf) mutations in gene 9 of bacteriophage P22 interfere with the folding and association of the tailspike polypeptide chain at restrictive temperature. We report here the location and amino acid substitutions for 24 independent tsf mutants. The distribution of these and previously identified mutations is distinctly non-random; all of the 32 unambiguous sites of tsf mutations are located in the central 350 residues of the 666 residue tailspike polypeptide chain. No ts mutation has been found among the N-terminal 140 amino acids, and none among the C-terminal 170 amino acids. Since the physiological defect in these mutants is the destabilization of an early intermediate in the folding pathway, the localization of the mutants suggests that the central region of the chain is critical for formation or stabilization of this early intermediate. The majority of amino acids that served as sites for the tsf mutations were hydrophilic residues. Sixty percent of the replacements of these residues represented charge changes. This probably reflects the selection for mutant sites at the mature protein surface where the substitutions can be best tolerated without interfering with function. None of the sites of tsf mutations were at aromatic residues, and only one proline site was found. Substitutions at these residues may cause lethal folding defects which are not recovered as tsf mutants. The local sequences at tsf sites resemble those reported for turns. Structural studies identify beta-sheet as the dominant secondary structure. These mutations may disrupt the formation of conformational features of beta-sheets which are repeated, such as turns, associations between pairs of strands, or sheet/sheet packing interactions. Such a model accounts for the occurrence of tsf mutations with similar defective phenotypes at multiple positions along the chain. PMID- 3225848 TI - Packaging of DNA in cricket sperm. A compact mode of DNA packaging. AB - The packaging of DNA in the sperm of the house cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) was investigated by microscopical and diffraction methods. The principle of DNA packaging in the cricket sperm is parallel bundling. This is in contrast with that in somatic cells, which assumes successive supercoiling. About 240 threads of DNA are bundled into one 300 A fiber, and then more than 200 fibers (300 A) are packed in a parallel manner in one nucleus. Therefore, DNA is oriented so that its helix axis is parallel with the long axis of the nucleus. This simple packaging of DNA is maintained by a newly discovered protein, 17 K protein; no histones were found. The packaging ratio (the ratio of the volume of DNA to that of the suprastructure) of the chromatin is about 1 and shows an effectiveness much higher than that of the nucleosome solenoid structure. The mode of packaging DNA in cricket sperm is different from the nucleosome structure, and is a quite new type of packaging. PMID- 3225849 TI - General architecture of the alpha-helical globule. AB - A model is presented for the arrangement of alpha-helices in globular proteins. In the model, helices are placed on certain ribs of "quasi-spherical" polyhedra. The polyhedra are chosen so as to allow the close packing of helices around a hydrophobic core and to stress the collective interactions of the individual helices. The model predicts a small set of stable architectures for alpha-helices in globular proteins and describes the geometries of the helix packings. Some of the predicted helix arrangements have already been observed in known protein structures; others are new. An analysis of the three-dimensional structures of all proteins for which co-ordinates are available shows that the model closely approximates the arrangements and packing of helices actually observed. The average deviations of the real helix axes from those in the model polyhedra is +/ 20 degrees in orientation and +/- 2 A in position (1 A = 0.1 nm). We also show that for proteins that are not homologous, but whose helix arrangements are described by the same polyhedron, the root-mean-square difference in the position of the C alpha atoms in the helices is 1.6 to 3.0 A. PMID- 3225850 TI - 3D gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Conservation by convergence of average sequences. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the 3D (polymerase) gene of eight epidemiologically related isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus of serotype C1 is reported. The genetic heterogeneity of 3D RNA is compared with that of the VP1-coding RNA of the same viruses. Regression lines of substitutions per nucleotide that distinguish any pair of viruses as a function of the time interval between the corresponding isolations show: (1) the slope (substitutions/nucleotide per month) is 2.1 times larger for the VP1 RNA than for the 3D RNA region; (2) the intercept with the ordinate (substitutions/nucleotide) for VP1 RNA is indistinguishable from that for 3D RNA. Thus, the average heterogeneity of the VP1-coding region is very similar to that of the 3D-coding region only among co-circulating viruses. Nine mutations and points of heterogeneity occurred within nucleotide residues 883 to 1026, which encode an amino acid segment, extremely conserved among many different RNA viruses. The results suggest that, rather than due to inherently lower mutability, the conservation of 3D genes is caused by a limitation in the fixation of substitutions in viable genomes. PMID- 3225851 TI - One type of gamma-turn, rather than the other gives rise to chain-reversal in proteins. AB - Gamma-turns may be defined by a hydrogen bond between the carbonyl group of one amino acid residue and the amino group of the acid two residues ahead in the sequence. They occur as two types, inverse gamma-turns and classic gamma-turns (classic gamma-turns are usually called just gamma-turns but we prefer to add the adjective classic to distinguish them from the word gamma-turn, referring collectively to both). Of the two, classic gamma-turns are less common and are considered by all authors to be extreme rarities in proteins. However, we find that a number do occur in a sample of proteins of known three-dimensional structure. One occurs at the edge of the second hypervariable region of the light chain in some immunoglobulins. All classic gamma-turns except one are associated with a reversal in the main chain direction. In most cases, the turn lies at the loop end of a beta-hairpin. By contrast, inverse gamma-turns, although giving rise to a kink in the chain, rarely occur within beta-hairpins and are seldom situated at a position of reversal, by 180 degrees, in chain direction. PMID- 3225852 TI - Segmented alpha-helical coiled-coil structure of the protein giardin from the Giardia cytoskeleton. AB - The parasitic flagellate Giardia is the source of a filamentous protein, giardin, which binds to microtubules. The primary sequence of one giardin chain has been decoded from the base sequences of cDNAs isolated by antibody screens of a library constructed in the expression vector lambda gt11. The amino acid sequence favours a continuous alpha-helical fold for the protein without any inserts of a non-helical character. Analysis of apolar residue positions revealed 35 repeating heptads consistent with coiled-coil structure. This conformation relates giardin to the alpha-type fibrous proteins (k-m-e-f class) like tropomyosin and myosin (also found in Giardia). The giardin sequence has a regular series of skip residues like those at certain positions in the rod section of nematode myosin where the internal apolar seam of the coiled coil is shifted on the helix surface. The skips divide the giardin coil into quasi-equivalent structural segments about 4 nm in length, which might be domains for combining with tubulin subunits in the microtubule surface lattice. PMID- 3225853 TI - Thin filaments of rabbit skeletal muscle are in helical register. AB - Thin sections of rapidly frozen and freeze-substituted rabbit glycerinated muscle fibres loaded with myosin subfragment-1 were used to examine a three-dimensional arrangement of thin filaments in vertebrate skeletal muscle. Clearer images of the "arrowhead" structure were obtained when specimens were freeze-substituted first in a tannic acid solution and then in an OsO4 solution. The images obtained showed that the arrowheads were aligned laterally. This indicates that all the thin filaments have the same rotational orientation in a half sarcomere of rabbit skeletal muscle in the rigor state. PMID- 3225854 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of an alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus. PMID- 3225855 TI - Rat fluid percussion head injury model. PMID- 3225856 TI - Regional rates of glucose utilization in the cat following concussive head injury. AB - Injections of [14C]-deoxyglucose ([14C]DG) were used to study rates of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in control cats and cats subjected to concussive brain injury produced by a fluid-percussion device. Studies in separate groups of animals demonstrated that the injury level selected produced transient behavioral suppression probably associated with traumatic disturbances of consciousness. LCGU was sampled near the site of fluid-percussion injury and more caudally in pontine regions. Histopathologic studies examined the possibility of hemorrhage, contusion, or breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in regions within which LCGU was calculated. These studies yielded analyses indicating that (1) the [14C]DG technique can be applied usefully to infer changes in regional levels of brain activity after concussion, (2) concussive injury produces changes in brain function that differ reliably across various regions of the central nervous system and may include both depression and focal activation of specific brain sites. Data are discussed that suggest that changes in brain activity in specific regions indicated by changes in LCGU could contribute to acute neurologic disturbances after concussion including unconsciousness. PMID- 3225857 TI - Modeling of therapeutic dialysis of cerebrospinal fluid by epidural cooling in spinal cord injuries. AB - Paraplegias of traumatic origin may be classified as primary or secondary. Secondary traumatic paraplegia (STP) is believed to result from an autodestructive process. Different authors have published results supporting or contradicting the therapeutic effects of durotomy alone or associated with exposed spinal cord and perfusion with a saline solution at normal or cold temperatures. It appears that although decompression and open dialysis might be beneficial, the surgical trauma over the injured region is detrimental. A method of local epidural spinal cord cooling has been developed and successfully used to treat STP. With this method, no surgical injury or damage is imposed on the dura, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or spinal cord. Furthermore, several of the beneficial effects attributed to hypothermia in the traumatized area are evident, including reduction of metabolic demands, edema, swelling, vasospasm, and blood pressure. Aware of the benefits that dialysis may have in STP, as well as of the encouraging results obtainable with local epidural spinal cord cooling, we hypothesized that this method of hypothermia may in some way trigger CSF dialysis. Based on this hypothesis, a model was developed approximating the behavior of the CSF in the situation where a cold source is applied to the dura. Using dimensionless analysis techniques, we predict that CSF under the cooled region of the dura undergoes convective motion, even in adverse situations where the spinal cord has swollen. Under steady-state conditions, the moving fluid forms several Benard cells directly under the cold source. The size of these Benard cells was estimated. The range of probe temperatures at which convective flow is generated was considered, as well as the relative benefits of hypothermia versus flow. Results of more rigorous analysis are discussed. PMID- 3225858 TI - Spinal cord contusion in the rat: somatosensory evoked potentials as a function of graded injury. AB - A weight-drop technique was used to produce mild, moderate, or severe spinal cord contusive injury in rats. At 4 weeks after injury, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded with silver ball electrodes placed over the somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rats to measure the response to sciatic nerve stimulation. Both SEP area and amplitude were measured and were highly correlated with each other. Both indices of the SEP correlated inversely with the height of the weight drop and directly with the degree of residual function assessed at 4 weeks after injury. Measures of residual function consisted of a motor score, inclined plane test, and a combined behavioral score based on several neurologic functions. No correlation between latency of the SEP with degrees of contusive injury was observed. The data indicate that the SEP can be used as one criterion in the assessment of the severity of a lesion in a rat model of a graded spinal cord injury. PMID- 3225859 TI - The effects of scopolamine and traumatic brain injury on central cholinergic neurons. AB - This study examined the effects of scopolamine and fluid percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the activity of cholinergic neurons in specific areas of the rat brain 12 min, 4 h, and 24 h after injury. Acetylcholine (ACh) turnover, used as an index of cholinergic neuronal activity, was determined using gas chromatography-mass fragmentography. Scopolamine pretreatment prevented significant increases in dorsal pontine ACh turnover at 12 min and 4 h after TBI, suggesting that the drug's protective actions against the neurologic deficits following TBI may involve blockade of cholinergic neuronal activation as well as postsynaptic muscarinic blockade. The responses of thalamic, hippocampal, and amygdaloid cholinergic neurons to TBI did not differ substantially in scopolamine pretreated rats from those studied previously in untreated fluid-percussion injured rats. However, cholinergic neurons in the cingulate-frontal cortex of rats receiving TBI did respond in a different manner to scopolamine than those of rats receiving sham injury, suggesting a disruption of regulation of cortical cholinergic neurons following this model of TBI. PMID- 3225860 TI - Physiologic, histopathologic, and cineradiographic characterization of a new fluid-percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat. AB - The fluid-percussion technique produces experimental brain injury by rapid injection of a fluid volume into the closed cranial cavity. The experiments reported here characterize a new, more controlled technique for fluid-percussion brain injury in the rat and systematically examine systemic physiologic, histopathologic, and electroencephalographic responses in the rat at two levels of injury severity. The new technique was developed to permit independent variation of the fluid pressure pulse parameters and, thus, more accurately define the brain loading conditions associated with fluid-percussion injury. The new technique produced changes in mean arterial blood pressure similar to previous techniques; however, bradycardia was not observed. Significant increases in heart rate were produced by both injury levels and were more prolonged at the high level of injury severity. Both magnitudes of injury produced significant decreases in EEG amplitude immediately postinjury, but high severity injury produced a greater decrease in delta frequency band (1-4 Hz) activity than did low severity injury. Both levels produced hemorrhage at the site of injury, thalamus, corpus callosum, hippocampus, and fimbria hippocampus similar to previous techniques. Higher levels of injury produced more extensive cerebral hemorrhage and greater spinal involvement. In a separate group of animals, cineradiographic images were made at coronal, sagittal, and dorsal orientations during the fluid pressure pulse. Intracranial fluid movement was characterized by rapid radial movement within the epidural space. The data suggest that the distributed nature of fluid-percussion induces pathology, and dysfunction may reflect a diffuse mechanical loading of the brain surface. The model appears to give repeatable effects useful in the study of closed head injury. PMID- 3225861 TI - Alcoholism in patients with sexual disorders. AB - The authors screened for alcoholism 145 consecutive patients who presented with sexual dysfunction or disorders. Using the Michigan Alcoholic Screening Test (MAST), 29% of the patients scored in the probable alcoholic range. Probable alcoholics were more likely to present without a partner and claimed higher sex drive than nonalcoholic patients. Probable alcoholic males reported less joy and vigor than probable alcoholic females, while the reverse held for the nonalcoholic groups. Blind to the MAST results, the staff made six alcohol related diagnoses and referred one patient for alcohol treatment. The authors discussed the importance of training faculty and resident staff in the relationship of alcohol abuse associated with psychosexual dysfunctions. PMID- 3225862 TI - Sexual dysfunction and the unemployed male professional. AB - The loss of a job by the professional male is becoming an increasingly common occurrence in modern America. A number of researchers have found that unemployment has a detrimental effect on the unemployed male professional's sex life. However, there are no specific references to this phenomena in the sex therapy research. This paper formulates an interactional conceptualization of the problem. An interactional treatment model is then proposed for helping the unemployed male professional and his wife in addressing sexual dysfunction, specifically erectile failure, associated with job loss. PMID- 3225863 TI - Differentiating the etiology of male erectile dysfunction using the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory and self-report measures. AB - This study examines the effectiveness of using the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory in conjunction with self-report measures of erectile dysfunction to classify the etiology of erectile dysfunction in males. Subjects were 70 males with erectile dysfunction. The results indicate that 47% of the subjects with psychogenic etiology, 65% with mixed etiology, and 71% of the subjects with organic etiology were correctly classified. These and previous findings indicate that the MBHI is an effective method of assessing the etiology of erectile dysfunction. PMID- 3225864 TI - Divorce potential and marital stability of adult women sexually abused as children compared to adult women not sexually abused as children. AB - This study was conducted to determine if significant differences exist between women in marital therapy who had been sexually abused as children and women in marital therapy who had not been sexually abused as children on the parameters of marital satisfaction and divorce potential. The null hypothesis was tested. No differences were found between the two groups. Both groups of women and their husbands experienced moderate marital dissatisfaction. Divorce potential for both groups and their husbands was low. The sexually abused women had significantly higher psychoticism scores on the SCL-90R than the nonabused women, generally representing moderately withdrawn, isolated lifestyle patterns. PMID- 3225865 TI - A preliminary examination of the pornography experience of sex offenders, paraphiliacs, sexual dysfunction patients, and controls based on Meese Commission recommendations. AB - The Meese Commission Report claims exposure to pornography leads to sex offenses and states it is important to examine the developmental patterns of offenders, in particular age of first masturbatory experience, role of pornography in that experience, age of first exposure to pornography, age of commission of the deviant behavior, and long-term use of pornography and length of duration of deviancy. This study found the frequency of use of pornography, age of exposure to pornography, age of first masturbation experience, and use of pornography during first masturbation experience, for sex offenders, paraphiliacs, sexual dysfunction patients, and controls were not significantly different. PMID- 3225866 TI - The G spot and female ejaculation. A reply to Zaviacic. PMID- 3225867 TI - Localization of choline acetyltransferase in perikarya and dendrites within the nuclei of the solitary tracts. AB - Immunocytochemistry was used to establish the cellular localization of choline acetyltransferase [ChAT] throughout the rostrocaudal portions of the nuclei of the solitary tracts [NTS] in rat brain. By light microscopy, two distinct populations of ChAT-positive cells were identified. The first consisted of relatively few, medium-sized neurons located in the caudal one-half of the medial NTS just dorsal to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The second population of ChAT-labeled neurons was located more anteriorly and surrounded the medial and dorsal borders of the tractus solitarius. These cells were more abundant and smaller diameter than those located more caudally. Thick, non-varicose processes with the light microscopic characteristics of dendrites also were selectively labeled for ChAT. A few of these processes were located near or were continuous with the labeled perikarya of the NTS. However, the vast majority of the immunoreactive processes could be traced from ChAT-labeled perikarya in the ventrally adjacent dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. These dorsally directed dendrites aborized extensively throughout the NTS, but they were densest in the rostral two-thirds of the nucleus. Caudally, the labeled dendrites coursed horizontally, forming a commissure-like structure between the two vagal motor nuclei. Electron microscopy confirmed the perikaryal and dendritic localization of ChAT in the NTS. The perikarya were characterized by dense peroxidase immunoreactivity throughout the cytoplasm, infolded nuclear membranes, and somatic synapses. The labeled dendritic profiles also were intensely immunoreactive and received synaptic input from unlabeled terminals. The unlabeled afferents to somata and dendrites contained large populations of small clear vesicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225868 TI - Molecular modelling of the immunoglobulin-like domains of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM): implications for the positioning of functionally important sugar side chains. AB - The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is thought to mediate cell-cell adhesion by a homophilic mechanism involving binding sites located in the N-terminal region of the protein. This region of the molecule consists of five domains that are homologous to each other and share conserved residues with immunoglobulin domains. We report here secondary structure predictions for the five NCAM domains and three-dimensional models for two of them. The results are entirely consistent with an immunoglobulin-like folding of the NCAM domains into seven strands forming two beta-sheets. NCAM-NCAM binding may thus be analogous to the pairwise associations of immunoglobulin constant domains, which are involved in dimer formation. Insertions and deletions are located mostly in beta-turn regions. Two alpha-helical regions in the third and fourth domain are predicted with high probability. NCAM bears two kinds of functionally important sugar side chains, sialic acid polymers in the fifth domain, which modulate NCAM binding, and the L2 moiety, which is involved in cell adhesion and can be assigned to the third domain. Three-dimensional modelling of the corresponding domains indicates that two of the three sites for N-linked glycosylation in the fifth and the single site in the third domain are located on the face of the domain, which in immunoglobulin constant regions engages in intermolecular interactions. PMID- 3225869 TI - Expression of GD3 ganglioside by developing rat cerebellar Purkinje cells in situ. AB - GD3 is a major ganglioside of the immature vertebrate CNS, and its expression is suggested to be characteristic of immature neuroectodermal cells. Using immunocytochemistry on cryostat sections of developing rat cerebellum with a monoclonal antibody specific for GD3, we have found that GD3 begins to be expressed on the plasma membrane of Purkinje cell bodies and dendrites beginning at postnatal day 7. Staining became brighter as the dendritic tree of the cells enlarged. As the Purkinje cells began to mature in different folia, they became GD3+, until by 15 days postnatal all Purkinje cells were GD3+. Positive staining of the dendritic tree was still present in the adult cerebellum. Using a monoclonal antibody 7-8D2, which recognizes cerebellar granule cells and their axons (the parallel fibres), and polyclonal antibodies against a synaptic vesicle component synaptophysin, double-immunofluorescence staining together with anti GD3 antibodies suggested that the appearance of GD3 immunoreactivity did not correlate either with the ingrowth of parallel fibres or the presence of their synapses on Purkinje cell dendrites. However, comparison with earlier morphological studies showed that the appearance of GD3 immunoreactivity correlated well with the formation of climbing fibre synapses on Purkinje cell dendrites and the onset of the rapid expansion of the dendritic tree. These results are in keeping with the idea that elevated GD3 concentrations are found in certain cell types during periods of rapid growth or high metabolic activity but also show that this is not only restricted to immature cells. PMID- 3225870 TI - Fibroblast growth factor effects on peripheral nerve regeneration in a silicone chamber model. AB - We have developed a silicone nerve regeneration chamber that is partitioned into two compartments by a strip of nitrocellulose paper. The modified two-compartment chamber allows the investigation of the effects on rat sciatic nerve regeneration of trophic or growth factors that are initially bound to the nitrocellulose partition. In this study we compared the effects of untreated nitrocellulose, a siliconized nitrocellulose strip, and a strip that had been soaked in a basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) solution. FGF is a known angiogenic factor and a mitogen for endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and Schwann cells. All of these cell types are present in the peripheral nerve. In vitro analyses, using 3T3 cells as test cells, showed that some of the bound FGF remained active on the nitrocellulose paper for at least 8-10 days. In vivo experiments, examined at 16 days post-implantation, revealed that spatial migration of all cellular elements (perineurial-like cells, vasculature, and Schwann cells) across the chamber gap was slower with untreated nitrocellulose strips than with siliconized strips but was most advanced with FGF-treated ones. Most striking was the well-developed vascular arborization of the regenerate within the FGF chambers. Histologic sections from the proximal one-half of the chamber revealed that the regenerate in untreated strip chambers consisted of fibrin matrix and erythrocytes, whereas a well-developed structure with all the cellular elements of a regenerating nerve was seen in several of the FGF strip chambers. We conclude that FGF stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration in this model. PMID- 3225871 TI - Extraction of major acidic Ca2+ dependent phosphoproteins from synaptic membranes. AB - The association of several phosphoproteins with the synaptosomal plasma membrane (SPM) was investigated by phosphorylating SPM fractions from neonatal rat brain in the presence of Ca2+ and then exposing these to a variety of agents. Extraction of the major acidic phosphoproteins, GAP-43, pp40, and pp80, was assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. All three proteins were best extracted from the membrane by high pH and by guanidine hydrochloride. GAP-43 was not extracted in the presence of either low- or high ionic-strength buffers, reducing agents, or chelating agents; pp80 and pp40, however, showed a significant extraction even under low-ionic-strength conditions. Partition experiments with Triton X-114 revealed an amphiphilic behavior for GAP-43 and a strong affinity for hydrophobic environments for pp80 and pp40. None of the phosphoproteins was released from the membrane by the use of a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. The extraction properties of GAP-43, pp80, and pp40 are similar to those of known extrinsic membrane proteins and therefore suggest that these phosphoproteins are peripheral rather than integral to the membrane compartment. PMID- 3225872 TI - Expression of monoclonal antibody Q113 immunoreactivity in the rat cerebral cortex: unique differential sublayering of layer I: staining of radial glia. AB - Monoclonal antibody mabQ113 recognizes a 120-kilodalton polypeptide which, in the cerebellar cortex, is confined exclusively to a subset of Purkinje cells which are organized in parasagittal bands (Hawkes et al.: Brain Research 333:359-365, 1985). In all other areas of the adult rat brain examined the localization of the mabQ113 epitope was marked by regional neuronal and glial co-expression (Plioplys and Hawkes: Brain Research 375:1-12, 1986). Similar neuronal-glial co-expression was characteristic of the adult rat cerebral cortex. Intriguingly, mabQ113 revealed a unique differential sublamination of layer I. In the neocortex, layer I was split into two sublayers, with the more superficial sublayer weakly stained and the deeper sublayer stained more intensely, whereas in the pyriform cortex, layer I was split into three. These sublaminations do not correspond to previously described subdivisions of layer I. In the developing cortex, the mabQ113 epitope is found in radial glial fibers. Stained radial fibers are first seen beginning at E17, reach a maximum at P4 and finally disappear between P12 and P14. The laminar distribution of mabQ113-immunoreactivity emerges earlier in the pyriform cortex than the neocortex: the sublamination of layer I is seen at P4 in the pyriform cortex but not until P8 in the neocortex. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 3225873 TI - Glutamate decarboxylase inhibition and vitamin B6 metabolism in brain of cirrhotic rats chronically treated with carbon tetrachloride. AB - In a previous work we found that the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), is decreased in comatose cirrhotic rats after chronic treatment with CCl4. In the present report we studied the participation of pyridoxal phosphate in the inhibition of GAD, as well as the concentration of this coenzyme and the activity of its synthesizing enzyme, pyridoxal kinase, in the brain of the cirrhotic rats. Furthermore, cirrhotic animals were treated with three inhibitors of GAD, and the effects of such treatment were compared to those of ammonium. Liver failure resulted in a 25% inhibition of GAD activity when measured in the absence of added pyridoxal phosphate. Treatment with the GAD inhibitors thiosemicarbazide or 3-mercaptopropionic acid enhanced this inhibition and produced convulsions at a dose that had no behavioral effects in control rats. Treatment with ammonia resulted in a comatose state and in a 25-40% inhibition of GAD. Both pyridoxal kinase activity and pyridoxal phosphate levels were found to be decreased by 15-20% in the brain of the cirrhotic rats. We concluded that chronic liver failure results in a decreased pyridoxal phosphate and GABA synthesis in brain, with a consequent diminished efficiency of GABAergic neurotransmission; these effects are probably related to the manifestations of neuronal hyperexcitability that are frequently seen in human hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 3225874 TI - Embryonic exposure to high taurine: a possible nutritional contribution to Friedreich's ataxia. AB - When fertilized eggs (50 g) are injected on day 1 with 100 mumol taurine (0.2 ml), 15-day-old embryos exhibit increased taurine content in heart and brain. Lethal toxicity was no higher than with equimolar injections of NaCl (50 mumol) or valine (100 mumol) of the same volume. That same dose of taurine injected either on embryonic day 1 or 7 produced in hatchlings a typical syndrome of ataxia, reduced muscle strength and motor incoordination. When injected on embryo day 15 (E15) most chicks appeared incapable of pecking out of the egg, and the resulting delay in hatching, if if did occur, precluded presuming that the poor condition of such chicks was exclusively due to the late taurine injections. In view of the tendency of Friedreich's ataxia patients to exhibit increased alimentary absorption of taurine, and to demonstrate an excessive accumulation of taurine in the cerebellum and heart tissue on autopsy, fetal exposure to high taurine levels or neonatal high taurine milk ingestion may, by analogy, contribute to the slowly progressing disease process. PMID- 3225875 TI - Influence of monensin on ganglioside anabolism and neurite stability in cultured chick neurons. AB - We have examined the effects of monensin, a monovalent cationophore that disrupts exo- and endocytosis of membrane vesicles and diminishes Golgi anabolic function, on the incorporation of [3H]-galactose into glycosphingolipids in neurited primary cultures of chick embryo central nervous system neurons. A linear rate of incorporation into all ganglioside species from extracellular-labeled galactose was observed. Specific activity of anabolic labeling was markedly lower in GT1b and GQ1b than in the other major gangliosides of the embryonic neuron (GM3, GD3; GM2, GD2; GM1, GD1a, GD1b). With 100 nM monensin in the extracellular medium, the rate of labeling of GT1b diminished markedly to 20% of control; GD1a, GD1b, and GD2, to 35%; GQ1B to 48%; GD3 to 60%. Vigorous incorporation of label into GM3 was entirely undiminished by monensin. From these findings, it is suggested that ganglioside biosynthesis is compartmentalized in the cytodifferentiating embryonic neuron, with GM3 entirely, and GD3 and GQ1b partially, an extra-Golgi product. Extensive loss of neurites that occurred after several hours of exposure of the neurons to monensin could not be correlated directly with decreased ganglioside anabolism. PMID- 3225876 TI - Rhinoplastic implications of maxillary osteotomy. AB - Maxillary osteotomies are done to correct discrepancies in structural facial harmony. The deformities involve retrusion or protrusion, as well as pathological shortening and elongation of the maxilla. Surgical orthopedics of the maxilla move the nose in part, or in whole, in relationship to the rest of the face. Corrective rhinoplasty is sometimes necessary to correct esthetic discrepancies thus produced, as well as other deformities that may be the usual concomitant of the syndrome addressed by the facial surgery. Le Fort I osteotomies produce more marked changes than pyramidal or Le Fort III type osteotomies, specifically as the tip relates to the dorsum. Segmental osteotomies done to correct discrepancies in vertical height of the maxilla produce specific alterations in the tip-lip relationship. PMID- 3225877 TI - AO/ASIF plate for mandibular reconstruction in tumor surgery: results in 20 cases. AB - Between May, 1983, and February, 1987, the authors performed mandibular reconstruction using an AO/ASIF plate in 20 patients. Apart from accurate modelling of the resected segment using a template, the key features of the technique include firm fixation and wrapping the plate with pectoralis major muscle. In 19 cases the plate was inserted at the same operation as the resection of a malignant neoplasm. In 10 cases the anterior mandibular osteotomy was placed on the far side of the midline, while in five the mandible was disarticulated through the temporomandibular joint. Eleven patients are alive (average survival 22 months) and nine have died (average survival 10 months). Two AO/ASIF plates have required removal because of exposure, while in three patients limited plate exposure was corrected with a minor surgical procedure. Seven patients had soft tissue complications that were managed conservatively. Nine of the patients had been irradiated previously. Five patients were fitted with dentures successfully. The authors believe that this technique provides a safe, rapid, functional and esthetically satisfactory method of mandibular reconstruction in the patient undergoing surgery for malignant disease. PMID- 3225878 TI - Mandibulotomy and radical radiotherapy: compatible or not? AB - The mandibular swing, as an approach to upper aerodigestive tract malignancies, has been gaining popularity in recent years. Little has been reported in the literature as to the feasibility of this procedure in subjects having received radical preoperative radiotherapy. The preliminary results of a retrospective analysis of 23 subjects, 70% of whom received radical preoperative radiotherapy, is presented. There was no statistically significant difference between the complication rates in the irradiated and nonirradiated subject populations. All subjects, ultimately, were orally rehabilitated. PMID- 3225879 TI - Le Fort I down-fracture of the maxilla: application to benign antral neoplasm. AB - Benign neoplasms of the maxillo-facial region require different treatment than do malignant lesions. Conservation of adjacent tissues is vital in order to optimize postoperative function and esthetics. The Le Fort I down-fracture technique is a historically proven approach for resecting benign neoplasms involving the nasal and para-nasal cavities. The Le Fort I, as practised today, is transoral and placed superior to the dento-alveolar processes of the maxilla. Surgical access, therefore, need not result in a skin scar nor loss of dental structures. Postoperative recovery to full function is rapid. The elegance and versatility of the Le Fort I down-fracture technique is discussed with reference to the report of a large, intra-antral benign odontogenic neoplasm. PMID- 3225880 TI - Benign osteitis of the external auditory meatus. AB - Benign osteitis of the external auditory canal is a distinct clinical entity characterized by localized ulceration in the skin of the floor of the bony external auditory meatus with underlying osteitis and sequestration of the underlying tympanic bone. Consideration of clinical and pathological data suggests that continued self-inflicted minor trauma is an etiological factor in at least some cases. The purpose of this paper is to review benign osteitis of the external auditory canal, presenting further clinical documentation and to offer etiological suggestions based upon clinical, pathological and experimental observations. The benign nature of this condition is emphasized. PMID- 3225881 TI - Extra-mastoid cholesteatoma with upper neck extension. AB - Cholesteatoma of the mastoid has been observed and described for more than 150 years. Although its complications, and propensity for recurrence, are well documented, no record of recurrent non-infected cholesteatoma extending into the neck could be found in the literature. Two cases are presented which had such a complication. The rate of growth in the neck was fairly rapid. The pathogenesis of recurrence is discussed. PMID- 3225882 TI - Selective vestibular neurectomy through the posterior fossa in Meniere's disease. AB - The authors report on a series of 18 patients operated through the posterior fossa approach for selective vestibular neurectomy. The indication for surgery consisted of intractable vertigo in cases of Meniere's disease. Results were excellent with a 94% cure of vertigo and 100% improvement. Postoperative hearing results were good with 78% of patients maintaining their discrimination score and 94% their pure tone average threshold. The results and the advantages of this approach are discussed and compared with the known procedures as reported in the literature. PMID- 3225883 TI - [The cochlear implant and phonetics: an analysis of a case with the French implant Chorimac 12]. AB - This paper reports on the rehabilitation following implantation of the French cochlear implant, Chorimac 12, in a 66-year-old woman. The electrical stimulation of the device should normally stimulate on a 400-6000 Hz bandwidth. However, tests that had been run after the four-month rehabilitation period indicate that there is no stimulation under 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz seems to be the best bandwidth for stimulation, and over 4000 Hz, almost nothing is audible. An "analytico-global" rehabilitation process has yielded results on vowel, consonant and sentence discrimination: pairs of vowels which offer major contrasts are best discriminated; fricatives are easier to recognize than stops; the longer a sentence is, the easier the patients can identify key words that facilitate identification; also, the more sentences carry phonetic differences, the easier it is to identify them. The results from the analysis of the phonetic material used during the rehabilitation, the new hearing impressions described by the patient and the acoustical measures from acoustic researchers allow us to quantify the restored hearing, define the acquired phonetic code and describe the level of performance reached by the patient. PMID- 3225884 TI - Hearing loss in a glue sniffer. AB - A case is presented of a 27-year-old glue sniffing woman with sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy and global brain damage. This form of addiction has not received much attention as a cause of otologic catastrophes, and should be borne in mind where similar cases come to the otolaryngologist. PMID- 3225885 TI - Psychiatric diagnoses in patients with psychogenic dizziness or severe tinnitus. AB - Psychiatric assessments were made of patients with psychogenic dizziness (N = 17) and severe tinnitus (N = 24) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III R (SCID). The psychogenic dizziness group had a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders (100%), the majority being anxiety disorders (94%), particularly diagnoses in the panic-agoraphobic cluster (76%). The severe tinnitus group had a lower prevalence of psychiatric disorders (63%) with a predominance of mood disorders (46%). Those tinnitus patients with no hearing loss tended to have more diagnoses per patient and more anxiety disorders than those with hearing loss. Although this was not a random sampling of these patients populations, the results are of sufficient magnitude to warrant further studies. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of treatment and future research. PMID- 3225886 TI - Toronto rhinomanometry: laboratory, field and clinical studies. AB - This article reviews rhinological studies of clinical relevance which were undertaken in the Airflow Laboratories of the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Toronto, during the period 1980-1987. Physiological, clinical and field studies of more than 10,000 subjects and patients are detailed. The computer-assisted methods and equipment developed and validated in our laboratories are described and examples of rhinomanometric tests are presented. PMID- 3225887 TI - Epiglottitis: adult and pediatric comparisons. PMID- 3225888 TI - Removal of foreign body by cyanoacrylate ester adhesive gel. PMID- 3225889 TI - Determination of ejection fraction from contrast echocardiography using videodensitometry in an in vitro model. AB - To examine whether ejection fraction can be estimated by videodensitometric analysis of contrast washout from a chamber, a model was constructed consisting of a 60-ml syringe and a modified Harvard respirator. Ejection fraction could be adjusted mechanically. Echocardiographic images were recorded on videotape and analyzed on an offline computerized analysis system. To calibrate the relationship between target concentration and videodensity on our sector scanner videodensity analysis system, we used a phantom with constant attenuation and eight cones with known, varying relative scatterer concentration. The time-gain compensation curve was kept constant on the ultrasound instrument and videodensity was measured from videotapes by an offline computer system. In the image of each cone, a 10 X 70 pixel operator-designated region of interest was chosen, and mean videodensity/pixel (256 level gray scale) was calculated. A logarithmic relation was found between scatterer concentration and videodensity. This excellent log relationship existed at all three gain levels studied: at 40% of maximum gain, r = .96; at 50% gain, r = .99; and at 60% gain, r = .99 (all p less than .001). Boluses of .5 ml sonicated Hypaque were then injected into the chamber and the contrast washout was recorded at ejection fractions of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70%. Bolus delivery and complete contrast mixing was attained except at ejection fraction 20%. Using the first two to four stroke videodensity decay the ejection fraction was calculated by estimating microbubble concentration decline using the logarithmic regression equation between videodensity and scatter concentration obtained during calibration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225891 TI - Effects of left ventricular dysfunction on left atrial performance in previous myocardial infarction and during pacing-induced myocardial ischemia in angina pectoris. AB - This study aimed to evaluate acute and chronic response of left atrial function to left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. We studied simultaneous measurements of left atrial volume by biplane cineangiography and left ventricular pressure at rest and after pacing in 59 patients with coronary artery disease and 11 normal subjects. At rest, 35 patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI group) had low left ventricular filling rate of the first third in diastolic time, large left atrial volume before contraction (LA pre-ACV) and large left atrial ejection volume (LAEV), compared with control group. Left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF), the ratio of LAEV to LA pre-ACV, was similar between both groups. LAEF was maintained within a wide range of values in accordance with left ventricular peak A pressure, except for 3 patients who had high values of left ventricular peak A pressure and low values of LAEF. After a right atrial pacing stress test, time constant was prolonged and mean emptying rate of left atrial volume during early diastole decreased in 11 patients with angina pectoris who had an increase greater than 5 mmHg in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure after pacing. In these group, LA pre-ACV increased, LAEF decreased and LAEV was unchanged. These results suggest that left atrial performance responds differently to acute and chronic left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 3225890 TI - Modified Fontan operation for complex cardiac anomalies--postoperative hemodynamics, cardiac function and clinical status. AB - The purpose of this paper is to compare and define the postoperative hemodynamics, cardiac function and clinical status after the modified Fontan operation in patients with complex cardiac anomalies. Thirteen consecutive patients (6 with double-outlet right ventricle [DORV] [SLL : 4, SDL : 2], 5 with single ventricle [SV] [A-III : 3, B-III : 1, C-III : 1] and 2 with tricuspid atresia [TA] [Ib : 1, IIb : 1]) underwent the modified Fontan operation. These 13 patients ranging in age from 7 to 42 years of age (mean 18) were catheterized at 7 to 46 months (mean 8 months) postoperatively. Pressure tracings at rest demonstrated a dominant "a" wave in both the right atrium and the pulmonary artery suggesting a marked right atrial contraction after this operation. Left ventricular filling pressure was significantly decreased after the modified Fontan operation in DORV and SV. The ejection fraction and left ventricular end diastolic volume index were unchanged or slightly increased after the modified Fontan operation. Cardiac index in 6 patients with DORV was significantly increased from rest to exercise by +48% (p less than 0.05) with a significant increase in the stroke volume (p less than 0.05) and with a slight increase in heart rate, but this index in 5 patients with SV and in 2 patients with TA was not significantly increased from rest to exercise. In the postoperative clinical status, 11 of 13 patients were in NYHA class I and 2 in class II at follow-up periods ranging from 4 to 75 months (mean 48 months). These results suggest that the modified Fontan operation can be of value and can provide excellent exercise tolerance for patients with complex cardiac lesions. PMID- 3225893 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction--relationship between left ventricular wall thickness and wall motion abnormalities. AB - An attempt was made to examine left ventricular wall thickness and wall motion using two-dimensional echocardiography from the acute phase to 1 month after onset of myocardial infarction. Motion abnormalities and thinning of the wall were observed from immediately after the onset. Few areas that were akinetic or dyskinetic and had a wall thickness of 7 mm or less during the acute phase showed improvements in wall motion 1 month later. However, some areas with a wall thickness of 8 mm or more did reveal improved wall motion even if they were akinetic or dyskinetic during the acute phase. Since the akinetic or dyskinetic areas with a wall thickness of 7 mm or less during the acute phase demonstrated a positive correlation with the peak CPK and nQ, and a negative correlation with the left ventricular ejection fraction 1 month after the onset, they were considered to be necrotic zones of myocardial infarction. The area of abnormal wall motion, on the other hand, was considered to correspond to a wider area including the ischemic as well as the necrotic zones. Evaluation of the necrotic and ischemic areas of infarction separately from the acute phase appears to be useful not only for the selection of treatment during the acute phase but also for predicting the cardiac function 1 month later and for determining the time of initiation and method of cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 3225892 TI - Intracellular magnesium deficiency and effect of oral magnesium on blood pressure and red cell sodium transport in diuretic-treated hypertensive patients. AB - The effects of magnesium supplementation were tested in 20 patients with essential hypertension receiving long-term thiazide diuretic treatment (Th group) and 21 age-matched untreated patients (EHT group). Intra-erythrocyte cations, water content and the ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux rate constant were measured. The Th group received magnesium supplementations as MgO (600 mg Mg/day) for 4 weeks. In the Th group intra-erythrocyte magnesium and the sodium efflux rate constant were lower and red cell sodium was higher than in the EHT group. During magnesium supplementation, there were significant decreases (p less than 0.01) in intra-erythrocyte sodium content and mean blood pressure, and increases (p less than 0.005) in red cell magnesium content and the sodium efflux rate constant. These effects of magnesium were more evident in 9 patients who were unresponsive to diuretic therapy, a definite reduction in mean blood pressure, from 104.8 +/- 2.7 mmHg to 94.4 +/- 2.2 mmHg (p less than 0.001), being observed. In the remaining 11 patients, however, blood pressure remained unchanged. The sodium efflux rate constant was positively correlated with red cell magnesium content and negatively correlated with sodium content (r = 0.61, p less than 0.005 and r = -0.57, p less than 0.01, respectively). These results indicate that long-term diuretic treatment may give rise to intracellular magnesium deficiency and a suppression of cell membrane active sodium transport. The results also suggest that oral magnesium may decrease intracellular sodium, possibly through the activation of Na-K-ATPase, which in turn may contribute to the reduction in blood pressure. Therefore, magnesium supplementation may be a worthwhile additional therapy for diuretics. PMID- 3225894 TI - The QRS complex of the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram in septal myocardial infarction. AB - Interventricular septal involvement in myocardial infarction is suggested by the findings of a QS deflection in lead V1 and/or absence of the Q wave in leads I and V6, using the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). However, these findings were not sufficiently established for the criteria of septal infarction, because several factors including anatomic position of the heart, changes of intraventricular conduction, and condition of the lung would affect the QRS complex in the leads. In this study, we analyzed the ECGs of anterior myocardial infarction with (group A) and without (group B) involvement of the first septal coronary artery. The R wave in V1 was absent in 64.7% of group A and 60.0% of group B. The Q wave was absent in 35.3% in lead I and 64.7% in lead V6 of group A, while in group B the Q wave in leads I and V6 were not observed in 60.0% and 40.0%, respectively. The prevalence rates of the R wave and the Q wave in these leads were not significantly different between the two groups. Left ventriculography revealed that the prevalence rate of the R wave in V1, and the Q wave in I and V6 was not significantly different, regardless of the presence or absence of impaired septal motion. Experimental study in anesthetized dogs confirmed the difficulty in clarifying acute septal ischemia by changes in the QRS complex. These results indicate that septal myocardial infarction is hardly detectable with changes in the QRS complex of the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram. PMID- 3225896 TI - The role of brain glutathione in blood pressure regulation. PMID- 3225895 TI - Plaque rupture possibly induced by coronary spasm--an autopsy case of acute myocardial infarction. AB - The histological picture of sites of coronary spasms has not yet been made sufficiently clear. A histopathological examination was performed on the coronary artery of a patient who died of acute myocardial infarction after a refractory coronary spasm was identified by coronary arteriography. In the site of the coronary spasm, intimal bleeding as well as infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells in the adventitia were seen. In the same region, fracture of intimal collagen fibers and rupture of atheromatous plaque were observed. Although it is very difficult to prove in individual cases of acute myocardial infarction that spasms played a part, some cases involving spasms may possibly exist among the cases of acute myocardial infarction showing atheromatous plaque rupture- thrombus formation. PMID- 3225897 TI - Central and peripheral mechanisms of the enhanced hypertension following long term salt loading in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - We evaluated whether or not increased sodium (Na) concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and stimulated activities of brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contribute to an enhanced hypertension by salt overload in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Long-term salt loading (1% NaCl solution as drinking fluid) accelerated the development of hypertension in SHR, but did not alter the blood pressure (BP) in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). CSF Na concentration was elevated in uninephrectomized (Nx) group as compared to that in control SHR, while in WKY CSF Na was not influenced by the treatment. A fall in BP by intravenous AVP antagonist or hexamethonium was greater in salt-loaded SHR than in controls. This hypotensive response to the combined blockade of AVP and SNS correlated with CSF Na in SHR but not in WKY. Plasma concentration of AVP and epinephrine tended to increase in relation to the degree of salt loading in SHR but not in WKY. Pressor responses to intracerebroventricular (ICV) angiotensin II (AII) and NaCl were greater in SHR than in WKY, although these responses were not influenced by chronic salt load in either SHR or WKY. The enhanced hypertensive action of ICV NaCl in SHR was abolished by pretreatment with ICV AII antagonist. Chronic saline drinking enhanced the depressor effect of ICV captopril in SHR but not in WKY. These observations suggest that salt overload in SHR may cause an elevated CSF Na concentration and an enhanced activity of brain RAS, which may increase activity of SNS and release of AVP, resulting in an enhanced development of hypertension. PMID- 3225898 TI - The effect of salt loading on cellular Ca2+ in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 3225899 TI - Evidence for increased sympatho-adrenomedullary activity in young subjects with borderline hypertension. AB - Three different studies were performed to estimate the sympatho-adrenomedullary activity in young subjects with borderline hypertension (BHT, n = 40), compared with age-matched normotensive subjects (NT, n = 24). In the first study, 23 BHT and 9 NT were subjected to isometric stress by maintaining handgrip at the 30% level of maximal voluntary contraction for 3 min. The response of plasma total catecholamines at the second and third min during the isometric exercise were greater in BHT than in NT (98.9 +/- 24.3 vs. 18.0 +/- 30.7 and 93.0 +/- 12.6 vs. 47.1 +/- 15.4 pg/ml, respectively, p less than 0.05). In the second study, the effects of intravenous glucagon injection (1 USP unit) were studied in 12 BHT and 9 NT. The increments of plasma epinephrine (E) at 2 and 3 min after injection were significantly greater in BHT than those in NT: 44.1 +/- 12.3 vs. 5.1 +/- 4.4 pg/ml, and 68.9 +/- 13.2 vs 32.1 +/- 8.9 pg/ml, respectively, p less than 0.05. In the last study, the pressor effects of intravenous norepinephrine (NE) infusion (100 and 200 ng/kg/min for 15 min) were examined in 17 BHT and 15 NT under three different sodium balances: regular customary diet, treatment with diuretics and high-sodium diet. Treatment with diuretics decreased and high sodium diet increased the pressor response to NE in both groups, but there were no significant differences in NE reactivity between 2 groups throughout the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3225900 TI - Reduced reflex sympathoinhibition in adolescents with hypertensive parents. PMID- 3225901 TI - Morphological analysis of the pathogenesis of hypertensive cerebrovascular lesions: role of monocytes and platelets in intracerebral vessel occlusions. AB - We performed ultrastructural studies of intracerebral vessels in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). The initial vascular lesions observed in the asymptomatic SHRSP were focal cytoplasmic necrosis in the outer layers of the media. Focal cytoplasmic necrosis progressed into wide-spread medial necrosis with time. In the SHRSP with cerebral infarctions we discovered that numerous monocytes adhered to the endothelium of the arteries having advanced medial damage. Following the adherence of the monocytes to the endothelium enormous amounts of plasma components entered and accumulated in the arterial wall. The accumulation of the plasma components, especially fibrin, thickened the wall, narrowed the lumen and resulted in occlusion with resultant cerebral infarctions. A lot of activated platelets are seen adhering to the endothelium of the capillaries and the venules around the cerebral infarctions. These results suggest that the monocytes and the platelets may be closely related to the occurrence of cerebrovascular occlusions. The occlusions may result in further cerebral blood flow reduction and continuous deterioration. PMID- 3225902 TI - [An experimental study on total brain ischemia model by clamping the ascending aorta in dogs]. PMID- 3225903 TI - [Effect of butorphanol and buprenorphine on cerebrospinal fluid pressure]. PMID- 3225904 TI - [Effect of hemodilution on distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratio]. PMID- 3225905 TI - [Effects of pentazocine on pulmonary airway dynamics of the rabbit]. PMID- 3225907 TI - [Effect of induced hypotension on physiological dead space]. PMID- 3225906 TI - [Comparative cardiovascular effects of hypotension induced by ATP, SNP and halothane]. PMID- 3225909 TI - [A case of anaphylactoid reactions to enflurane]. PMID- 3225908 TI - [Anesthetic management of a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing graft replacement of abdominal aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 3225910 TI - [Morphological study as to the appropriate size of an endotracheal tube size]. PMID- 3225911 TI - [Contrast media used in digestive tract radiography]. PMID- 3225912 TI - [Angiography using the Seldinger method]. PMID- 3225913 TI - [Imaging technics for x-ray computerized tomography]. PMID- 3225914 TI - [Imaging technics for MRI]. PMID- 3225915 TI - [Radiographic examination for children]. PMID- 3225917 TI - [Thyroid arteriography and phlebography]. PMID- 3225916 TI - [Cerebral angiography--its application in therapeutic embolization of external carotid artery]. PMID- 3225918 TI - [Angiography of the heart and the great vessels (pulmonary artery)]. PMID- 3225919 TI - [Retrograde azygography]. PMID- 3225920 TI - [Internal mammary artery angiography]. PMID- 3225922 TI - [Spinal artery angiography]. PMID- 3225921 TI - [Angiography of the celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery]. PMID- 3225924 TI - [Angiography of the pelvic organs]. PMID- 3225923 TI - [Lumbar epidural venography]. PMID- 3225925 TI - [Myelography and CT cisternography]. PMID- 3225926 TI - [Lacrimal duct radiography]. PMID- 3225927 TI - [Radiography of the nasopharynx and pharynx]. PMID- 3225928 TI - [Sialography]. PMID- 3225929 TI - [Bronchography and selective bronchoalveolar radiography]. PMID- 3225930 TI - [Radiography of the digestive tract]. PMID- 3225931 TI - [Cholecystography and cholangiography]. PMID- 3225932 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic portography and its application in the embolization of esophageal and gastric varices]. PMID- 3225933 TI - [Endoscopic cholangiopancreatography]. PMID- 3225935 TI - [Lymphography]. PMID- 3225934 TI - [Urography]. PMID- 3225936 TI - [Recent advances in hysterosalpingography]. PMID- 3225938 TI - [Dysplastic melanocytic nevi: quantitative ultrastructural investigation comparing intraepidermal melanocytes of dysplastic melanocytic nevi, superficial spreading melanoma, nevocellular nevi, and normal skin]. PMID- 3225937 TI - [Structural analysis of human epidermal glycolipids]. PMID- 3225939 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome associated with recurrent purpura on the legs: report of cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 3225940 TI - [Inhibitory effects of omeprazole and cimetidine on the formation of gastric ulcer in rats with obstructive jaundice and acute renal failure]. PMID- 3225941 TI - [A clinical study of drug associated hemorrhagic colitis]. PMID- 3225942 TI - [Natural killer (NK) activity and NK subsets in patients with inflammatory bowel disease]. PMID- 3225943 TI - [Studies of antibodies to lipid A in patients with inflammatory bowel disease]. PMID- 3225945 TI - [Clinicopathological study of asymptomatic gallbladder carcinoma found at autopsy]. PMID- 3225944 TI - [Detection of HBV DNA by an in situ hybridization method--its distribution in relation to other HBV markers]. PMID- 3225947 TI - [A case of pre-eclampsia with liver dysfunction and thrombocytopenia--is the administration of corticosteroid and gamma-globulin effective against thrombocytopenia?]. PMID- 3225946 TI - [A case of splenic abscess occurring in ulcerative colitis and successfully treated by antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 3225948 TI - [A case of hepatitis A accompanied with acute myocarditis]. PMID- 3225949 TI - [Association of adenocarcinoma and endocrine cell carcinoma in the gallbladder--a case report]. PMID- 3225950 TI - [A-subunit, b-subunit and a2b2-complex of coagulation factor XIII in inflammatory bowel disease]. PMID- 3225951 TI - [Changes in polyamine levels in erythrocytes during regeneration of rat liver]. PMID- 3225952 TI - [Immunohistochemical stain of guanase in the human liver and characterization of antibody against human liver guanase by immunoblotting]. PMID- 3225953 TI - [Isolation and characterization of human pancreatic kallikrein]. PMID- 3225954 TI - [Changes in the cardiac function in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3225955 TI - [Imaging of ventilatory lung motion using perfusion lung scintigrams]. PMID- 3225956 TI - [The correlation among the LVEF response during exercise, diseased coronary arteries and RI parameters in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3225957 TI - [A measurement of V/V distribution by intravenous injection of Kr-81m and Tc-99m MAA--a comparative study with Xe-133 inhalation method]. PMID- 3225959 TI - [Report by the committee for the study on image processing in nuclear medicine- trends in standardization of imaging devices]. PMID- 3225958 TI - [The development of nuclear medicine in Japan in comparison with trends in foreign countries (2)]. PMID- 3225960 TI - [2-amino-2-methyl-butanoic acid (2-AMB)--a potential tumor-seeking agent]. PMID- 3225961 TI - [Diagnosis of left atrial thrombus by technetium-99m radionuclide angiography]. PMID- 3225963 TI - [Bone mineral assessment using conventional gammacamera]. PMID- 3225962 TI - [Quantitative receptor autoradiography using [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in the rat brain--a comparison with radio-receptor assay]. PMID- 3225964 TI - [A study on the measurement of serum thymidine kinase and its clinical significance in hematological neoplastic disorders]. PMID- 3225965 TI - [Measurement of free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine concentrations by DPC RIA kits]. PMID- 3225966 TI - [Phase I clinical study of 99mTc-DTPA-human serum albumin]. PMID- 3225967 TI - Proceedings of the 85th annual scientific session of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, the Japan Association of Physicians. March 31-April 2, 1988, Sendai. Abstracts. PMID- 3225968 TI - [Pulmonary gas exchange in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 3225970 TI - [The mechanisms of blood coagulation and its regulation underlying pulmonary thrombosis and embolism]. PMID- 3225969 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 3225971 TI - [Medical treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 3225973 TI - [The usefulness of computed tomography in distinguishing between asthma with irreversible air-flow limitation and pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 3225972 TI - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 3225974 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of alveolar epithelium in paraquat poisoning]. PMID- 3225975 TI - [Effect of low flow oxygen and nifedipine on ventilation and hemodynamics in chronic lung diseases]. PMID- 3225976 TI - [Three cases of localized empyema]. PMID- 3225977 TI - [A case of thymic carcinoma (undifferentiated carcinoma)]. PMID- 3225978 TI - [Two cases of epidural emphysema complicated with bronchial asthma and violent coughing]. PMID- 3225979 TI - [An autopsy case of bronchial asthma complicated with severe pneumomediastinum, extensive subcutaneous emphysema pneumothorax and pneumoperitoneum]. PMID- 3225980 TI - [Surgery of apical lung cancer invading the chest wall--a new approach to apical thorax by dislocation of sterno-clavicular joint]. PMID- 3225981 TI - [Operative procedures for right sleeve lobectomy]. PMID- 3225982 TI - [Surgical problems of sleeve lobectomy on the left side]. PMID- 3225984 TI - [A new operation for chronic empyema--extra-periosteal air plombage]. PMID- 3225983 TI - [Resection and reconstruction of the carina]. PMID- 3225985 TI - [A giant aneurysm arising from the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva; a case report of successful resection]. PMID- 3225986 TI - [A massive hemoptysis caused by accidental swallowing of a fish bone]. PMID- 3225987 TI - [One stage operation for annulo-aortic ectasia and pectus excavatum caused by Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 3225988 TI - [An experience of isthmosubclavioplasty operation on an infant with aortic coarctation]. PMID- 3225989 TI - [Endoscopic closure of broncho-pleural fistula after pneumonectomy]. PMID- 3225990 TI - [A case of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis associated with renal angiomyolipoma]. PMID- 3225991 TI - [A rare case of actinomycosis]. PMID- 3225993 TI - [Current topics of anticoagulant therapy and antiplatelet therapy after cardiac valve replacement]. PMID- 3225992 TI - [Retrospective evaluation of multiple organ failure while using assisted circulation]. PMID- 3225994 TI - [A case of tracheobronchial stenosis after esophageal resection and tracheoplasty managed by a silicon T-tube]. PMID- 3225995 TI - [A case of successful operation of chronic dissecting aneurysm (DeBakey IIIb) complicated with frequent acute thrombo-embolism in the leg]. PMID- 3225996 TI - [A case of ruptured aneurysm of the thoracic aorta associated with supra-celiac abdominal aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 3225997 TI - [Extra-anatomical bypass in atypical coarctation of the aorta associated with left renal artery stenosis]. PMID- 3225998 TI - [Serum gamma-enolase as a marker for renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 3225999 TI - [Fundamental analysis of chemosensitivity assay using experimental carcinoma cell lines defined by the incorporation of radioactive materials]. PMID- 3226000 TI - [The studies of natural killer cell activity in uro-genital cancer patients- investigation of natural killer cell activity from the standpoint of stage and antitumor therapy of genito-urinary tract carcinomas]. PMID- 3226001 TI - [A study on the effect of adrenergic drugs upon the urethral compliance in dogs]. PMID- 3226002 TI - [Human germinal testicular tumors heterotransplanted into nude mice]. PMID- 3226004 TI - [Study on the relationship between bacteria within stones and postoperative urinary tract infection in percutaneous nephrolithotomy]. PMID- 3226003 TI - [Clinicopathological studies on totally cystectomized bladder cancer]. PMID- 3226005 TI - [An experimental study on the tissue blood flow under hyperthermia in the normal rat bladder and bladder tumor--a hydrogen gas clearance method]. PMID- 3226006 TI - [The treatment of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for middle and lower ureter stones]. PMID- 3226007 TI - [Characteristics of an established human renal cell carcinoma heterotransplanted to nude mice and lectin binding studies]. PMID- 3226009 TI - [Contractile proteins in the kidney. 1. Intrarenal localization of actin and possibility of intrarenal urodynamics]. PMID- 3226008 TI - [Immunohistochemical study on the therapeutic effects on prostatic carcinoma using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for prostatic acid phosphatase]. PMID- 3226010 TI - [Contractile proteins in the kidney. II. Functional role of contractile proteins in the kidney and its response to short term obstruction]. PMID- 3226011 TI - [Idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum]. PMID- 3226012 TI - [A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum]. PMID- 3226013 TI - [Basic studies of citrate therapy on urolithiasis--the effect of citrate on solubility of calcium oxalate crystal and on calcium deposition of murine kidney in experimental oxalate stone]. PMID- 3226014 TI - [Clinical studies of citrate therapy on urolithiasis--estimations of urinary citrate excretion in patients with urolithiasis and the results of treatment with sodium-potassium citrate]. PMID- 3226015 TI - [Study of intraglandular heterogeneity of hormonal dependency in rat prostate]. PMID- 3226016 TI - [Glomerular and proximal tubular functions after release of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction in the rat]. PMID- 3226017 TI - [Renal function before and after release of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction in young rats. Comparison with adult rats]. PMID- 3226018 TI - [Histological and endocrinological observations on the regeneration of the autotransplanted adrenal gland in the rat]. PMID- 3226019 TI - [Surgical repair of traumatic urethral stricture]. PMID- 3226020 TI - [Intermittent intraarterial infusion chemotherapy of prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 3226021 TI - [Contractile effect of bombesin and GRP (gastrin releasing peptide) related peptides on bladder smooth muscle]. PMID- 3226022 TI - [Evaluation of tumor specific antigens in bladder cancer using anti Thomsen Friedenreich monoclonal antibody and soybean agglutinin]. PMID- 3226023 TI - [Salvage chemotherapy of far advanced testicular cancer with VP-16 and CDDP]. PMID- 3226024 TI - Antitumor activity of quinocarmycin citrate (KW-2152) against human tumor xenografts serially transplanted into nude mice. PMID- 3226025 TI - Postoperative metabolic alkalosis following general surgery: etiologic role of exogenous bicarbonate load. PMID- 3226026 TI - Growth of the end-to-end anastomotic site in coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 3226027 TI - Dynamic movement of the air tract fluid in the lubrication of the larynx during phonation: a basic study by using excised canine larynges. PMID- 3226028 TI - Lectin-binding patterns in normal endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3226029 TI - Triplication of the middle cerebral artery associated with fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery. PMID- 3226030 TI - Ophthalmic NMR. PMID- 3226031 TI - [Adverse reactions of antituberculous drugs]. PMID- 3226032 TI - [Exacerbation of pulmonary tuberculosis after diagnostic bronchoscopy and its preventive medication]. PMID- 3226033 TI - [A case of Mycobacterium kansasii lung infection developed after treatment of Mycobacterium gordonae lung infection]. PMID- 3226034 TI - [Present status of infection and development of tuberculosis in Japan. Some results mainly obtained at the occasions of tuberculosis epidemics]. PMID- 3226035 TI - [Eosinophilic heart disease]. PMID- 3226036 TI - [Treatment of hypercholesterolemia]. PMID- 3226037 TI - [Effect of corvaton on ischemic left-ventricular damage and hemodynamic indicators in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3226038 TI - [Combined effects of cordarone and ritmilen on the contractile function of the myocardium after intravenous and oral administration of loading doses]. PMID- 3226039 TI - [Emergency mitral re-commissurotomy and pneumonectomy in pulmonary hemorrhage]. PMID- 3226040 TI - [Secondary tumor of the heart]. PMID- 3226041 TI - [Single-stage peroral treatment of paroxysmal tachycardia]. PMID- 3226042 TI - [Treatment with indirect anticoagulants]. PMID- 3226044 TI - [Effect of cordarone on the eye (results of long-term follow-up of the treatment and prevention of arrhythmia)]. AB - Thirty-one patients who received a prolonged maintenance therapy with cordarone to treat and prevent cardiac arrhythmias underwent an ophthalmologic examination. The treatment lasted 1.5 to 51 months. The signs of keratopathy were detected in 24 (77.4%) patients using a slit lamp biomicroscopy. There is a relationship between the severity of keratopathy and a daily dose of cordarone: in most cases signs of stage I keratopathy were detectable when the daily dose was up to 200 mg. Keratopathy appears to be reversible after the drug has been discontinued. PMID- 3226043 TI - [Optimal treatment with quinidine based on a study of its pharmacokinetics]. AB - Pharmacokinetic data obtained from 41 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were used to give quinidine therapy on an individual basis. The proposed approach made it possible to restore sinus rhythm in 80% of the patients and to identify patients having "true" resistance to the drug. To restore the rhythm, 24 and 48 hours were required for 24 and 9 patients, respectively. The application of the pharmacokinetic approach allows the total therapeutic dose of the agent to be reduced and, to a considerable extent, the risk of side and toxic effects to be lowered. PMID- 3226045 TI - [Dynamics of various indicators in preventing arterial hypertension in a population]. PMID- 3226046 TI - [Hemodynamic effect of foridon and nifedipine at rest and during exercise]. AB - In an acute experiment, hemodynamic effects of ryodipine, 30 mg, were compared with those of nifedipine, 30 mg, in 22 patients with circulatory failure at rest (n = 22) and during bicycle ergometer exercise testing (n = 10). During exercise, the two drugs significantly increased the maximal cardiac index values. Ryodipine induced no increment in elevated pulmonary diastolic pressure, whereas nifedipine significantly diminished the increase. Total pulmonary resistance increased during the initial load exercise, remained unaltered with ryodipine, while nifedipine decreased this parameter in response to the load exercise. Thus, hemodynamic effects of ryodipine and nifedipine were similar at rest, the latter drug being more efficient during exercise. The effects of the drugs in question were similar to those of peripheral arteriolar vasodilators such as hydralazine. PMID- 3226047 TI - [Calcium antagonists in the treatment of stenocardia]. PMID- 3226048 TI - [Phenomenon of a complete interventricular (interatrial) block]. AB - In 21 cases of separate cardiac cavity excitation (20 of separate ventricular excitation (SVE) and one of separate atrial excitation), 40 right and left QRS complexes were obtained by routine, prolonged and synchronous ECG recording in various standard leads. A differential diagnosis was made between fusion QRS complexes and right and left QRS complexes. Three criteria of fusion ventricular complexes were found to be undiagnostic for right and left ventricular complexes in SVE. SVE has its own electrocardiographic criteria: (1) heterodirectional P waves or QRS complexes separated and unseparated from each other by an isoelectrical interval of less than 0.15 or less than 0.25 s, respectively; (2) in SVE, P-R interval may be no more than 0.06 s shorter than sinus P-R interval; (3) the end vector may be different from or similar to the sinus one. The basis for separate cardiac cavity excitation is functional longitudinal interatrial or interventricular blockade. PMID- 3226049 TI - [Latent Clerc-Levy-Cristesco syndrome as an electrophysiologic basis for paroxysmal reciprocal atrioventricular nodal tachycardia]. AB - An intracardiac electrophysiological investigation was performed in 15 patients with frequent episodes of supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) which are regarded, in terms of the present electrophysiological criteria, as episodes of reciprocal atrioventricular nodal tachycardia. It was demonstrated that accessory atrionodal junctions functioning only in the retrograde direction formed the basis for arrhythmias in 6 patients. This electrophysiological phenomenon was proposed to be termed the latent Clerc-Lery-Cristesco (CLC) syndrome. The main electrophysiological criteria for diagnosing the syndrome are the following: a) during a SVT episode, retrograde atrial excitation is recorded before or concomitantly with the initiation of ventricular excitation; b) during a SVT episode, H-A interval is no greater than 5 ms; c) during programmed ventricular stimulation, H2-A2 interval values remain constant. The latent CLC syndrome was shown to be commonly associated with discrete conduction in the antegrade atrioventricular junctions. Rhytmilen and gilurytmal (ajmaline) are the most potent antiarrhythmic agents for patients with reciprocal SVT due to the latent CLC syndrome. PMID- 3226050 TI - [Hemodynamic shifts during physical exercise in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - In 82 CHD male patients aged 35-54 years with well-preserved working capacity (threshold load, 600-750 kgm/min) who had underwent bicycle ergometer test, the time course of changes in the major hemodynamic parameters was found to be significantly similar to that of healthy individuals. The cases who stopped performing bicycle ergometer tests because of anginal attacks, and ST segment depression or either showed a more significant elevation in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the maximum load rate and lower increase in heart rate than in healthy subjects, which may be regarded as a compensatory mechanism that prevents a further decrease in coronary flow. Diminished increase in stroke index and cardiac index suggests reduced myocardial contractility. PMID- 3226051 TI - [Effect of diet on major risk factors in an organized population]. AB - In the organized population, 364 male subjects aged 20-59 years (those with dyslipoproteinemias and borderline hypertension and patients with coronary heart disease) were on diet for 6 months, which resulted in a significant drop in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and body weight by 7.7%, 17%, 3%, 3.7%, and 5.3%, respectively. The portion of fat in the diet was reduced from 40% to 36% of total caloric value and that of sugar was decreased from 13% to 10%, at the same time complex carbohydrates and protein were increased from 8% to 12% and from 15% to 17%, respectively. A multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to define whether different variables were significant in lowering the risk factors. PMID- 3226053 TI - [Functional activity of cardiac mitochondria of dogs exposed to cranio-cerebral hypothermia and cold cardioplegia]. PMID- 3226052 TI - [Coronary vessel tonus and cardiac resistance to ischemia in chronic adriamycin induced myocardial damage]. AB - The rats receiving a cumulative dose of adriamycin, 15-20 mg/kg exhibited delayed weight gain, ascites, and increased relative liver weight. The animals' isolated hearts perfused at a constant rate in the Krebs' solution in a retrograde fashion showed lowered perfusion pressure, indicating reduced coronary vascular tone. At the constant heart rate, the hearts from the adriamycin-treated animals consumed oxygen less at equally increased pressure. In total ischemia, higher cellular lactate and K+ yield occurred than in controls, the severity of acidosis being nearly similar. Prior to ischemia, the pressure produced by the hearts from adriamycin-treated animals was less but, following reperfusion, it more rapidly became normal than that in controls. The results suggest a compensatory increase in myocardial glycolysis during chronic administration of adriamycin. PMID- 3226054 TI - [Neurologic examination in the 1st year of life. 1]. PMID- 3226055 TI - [Radiation dosage to the gonads in cranial computerized tomography in young children]. PMID- 3226056 TI - [Experiences in managing a camp for children with phenylketonuria]. PMID- 3226057 TI - [The pancreatic duct system in compression stenosis of the celiac trunk]. PMID- 3226058 TI - [Surgical treatment of cholelithiasis in patients with heart valve prostheses]. PMID- 3226059 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3226060 TI - [Characteristics of the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer in post-burn cicatricial stenosis]. PMID- 3226061 TI - [Cysts of the intestinal mesentery]. PMID- 3226063 TI - [Surgical tactics in hemorrhage during radical operations on the rectum]. PMID- 3226062 TI - [Computerized tomography in the evaluation of early complications after operations on the pancreas]. PMID- 3226064 TI - [Rupture of the posterior wall of the gallbladder complicated by intra-abdominal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3226065 TI - [Rare cause of mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 3226067 TI - [Giant non-parasitic cyst of the liver]. PMID- 3226066 TI - [Actinomycosis of the liver]. PMID- 3226069 TI - [Treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 3226068 TI - [Anterior seromyotomy of the stomach combined with posterior truncal vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer complicated by hemorrhage or perforation]. PMID- 3226070 TI - [Surgical tactics in middle-aged and elderly patients with mechanical jaundice caused by cholelithiasis]. PMID- 3226071 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 3226072 TI - [Surgical tactics in middle-aged and elderly patients with acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 3226073 TI - [Surgical treatment of choledocholithiasis]. PMID- 3226074 TI - [Reflux gastritis in patients with post-cholecystectomy syndrome]. PMID- 3226075 TI - [Problems of the treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 3226076 TI - [Treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 3226078 TI - [Condition of the liver in patients operated on for cholelithiasis complicated by infection]. PMID- 3226077 TI - [Treatment of patients with cholelithiasis in its chronic stage]. PMID- 3226079 TI - [Surgical correction of metabolism in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3226080 TI - [Retrograde pancreaticocholangiography in the diagnosis of residual choledocholithiasis]. PMID- 3226081 TI - [Evolution of surgical tactics in biliary calculi]. PMID- 3226082 TI - [The role of non-clostridial anaerobic microflora in the etiology and pathogenesis of cholelithiasis]. PMID- 3226083 TI - [The role of predicting the course of pancreonecrosis in the selection of therapeutic tactics]. PMID- 3226084 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of primary chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 3226085 TI - [Therapeutic tactics in destructive pancreatitis]. PMID- 3226086 TI - [Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3226087 TI - [Pancreatectomy in complicated chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 3226088 TI - [Surgical treatment of primary and secondary pancreatitis]. PMID- 3226090 TI - [Hemodynamic reactions to modified orthostatic test in persons with different +Gz tolerance]. AB - Hemodynamic responses to the passive and modified orthostatic tests were investigated in 27 low and 13 high +Gz susceptibility individuals. The modified orthostatic test included 5 min head-down tilt (-30 degrees) and head-up tilt (78 degrees) with occlusion cuffs (50 mm Hg and 100 mm Hg) applied to the upper third of the hip. Analysis of typological reactions in low and high +Gz susceptibility individuals revealed no significant differences in their tolerance to the above tests. It was found that during the 1st minute of the modified orthostatic test with 100 mm Hg pressure in the occlusion cuffs heart rate was lower and systolic blood volume was higher (p less than 0.05) than during the passive test. Differences in these parameters disappeared by the 10th minute of exposure. During the modified orthostatic test with 50 mm Hg pressure in the occlusion cuffs these parameters did not show statistically significant differences. PMID- 3226089 TI - [Status of cardiodynamics in long-term weightlessness]. AB - This paper presents data on the phasic structure of the cardiac cycle of the left ventricle of cosmonauts who flew for 96 to 237 days on Salyut-6-Soyuz and Salyut 7-Soyuz. Cardiodynamic changes at rest that developed largely during the first month of flight involved a mild preload syndrome. During flight months 2 to 8 the cardiac function became relatively stabilized. Provocative tests, i. e. LBNP and exercise tests, presented inflight modified the relationship between cardiac cycle phases when compared to the Earth observations. The modifications are suggestive of predominant adrenergic effects on the heart. Analysis of the phasic structure of the cardiac cycle has revealed no cardiovascular deconditioning. All the variations can be regarded as adaptive reactions to microgravity. PMID- 3226091 TI - [Development of spatial orientation during pilot training]. AB - The problem of spatial orientation of pilots flying high-altitude aircraft is in the focus of present-day aviation medicine because of a growing number of accidents in the air. One of the productive lines of research is to study spatial orientation in terms of active formation and maintenance of its imagery in a complex environment. However investigators usually emphasize the role of visual (instrumental) information in the image construction, almost ignoring the sensorimotor component of spatial orientation. The theoretical analysis of the process of spatial orientation has facilitated the development of the concept assuming that the pattern of space perception changes with growing professional experience. The concept is based on an active approach to the essence, emergence, formation and variation in the pattern of sensory perception of space in man's consciousness. This concept asserts that as pilot's professional expertise increases, the pattern of spatial orientation becomes geocentric because a new system of spatial perception evolves which is a result of the development of a new (instrumental) type of motor activity in space. This finds expression in the fact that perception of spatial position inflight occurs when man has to resolve a new motor task--movement along a complex trajectory in the three-dimensional space onboard a flying vehicle. The meaningful structure of this problem which is to be implemented through controlling movements of the pilot acts as a factor that forms this new system of perception. All this underlies the arrangement of meaningful collection of instrumental data and detection of noninstrumental signals in the comprehensive perception of changes in the spatial position of a flying vehicle. PMID- 3226092 TI - [Effect of immersion hypokinesia on the motor unit potentials of human muscles]. AB - Ten test subjects were exposed to water immersion for 3 days. Extraterritorial potentials of low and high threshold motor units (LMU and HMU) of m. biceps brachii were measured using a specially designed multielectrode and an electromyograph. The results revealed substantial changes in LMUs. A significant decrease in the propagation rate of muscle potentials was observed in 9 out of 10 test subjects. The average propagation velocity of LMU potentials was 4.93 +/- 0.16 m/s before exposure, 4.12 +/- 0.07 m/s after a day of immersion and 4.29 +/- 0.09 m/s after three days of immersion, the mean decrease being 20% and 15%, respectively. The total duration of LMU potentials increased significantly during immersion, the increase making 17.5% after a day of immersion and 13% after three days of immersion. The total depolarized zone length diminished by 1.65 mm after a day of immersion and by 1.29 mm after three days of immersion. Conversely, this exposure produced no significant changes in HMU potentials. It can be assumed that the major cause of changes in LMU potentials is reduced muscle activity. PMID- 3226093 TI - [Effect of physical exertion on the changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiogram in orthostatic position]. AB - Variations in arterial systolic (APs) and diastolic (APd) pressure, heart rate (HR) and electrocardiograms (ECG) were investigated in 22 normal men, 28 patients with arterial hypertension and 10 patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. Measurements were made during active orthostatic tests applied before and after submaximal exercises. In all three groups, APs diminished after exercise to a greater extent than before exercise. In hypertensive patients, APd increased significantly after exercise but changed insignificantly before exercise. In hypertensive patients with depressed T and ST, the level of ECG changes after exercise diminished by more than 50% as compared to the pre-exercise value. PMID- 3226094 TI - [Effect of space flight on the levels of volatile metabolites in the exhaled air of astronauts]. AB - The rate of expiration of volatile metabolites as a function of environmental factors is discussed. Concentrations of anthropotoxins in the air exhaled by cosmonauts before and after space flight as well as by test subjects exposed to prolonged antiorthostatic hypokinesia are presented. These observations show that after short-term and particularly after long-term space flights the concentrations of volatile metabolites in the exhaled air increased significantly. This suggests that space flight factors induce changes in the metabolic rate which has been to a certain extent confirmed by bed rest studies. PMID- 3226095 TI - [Effect of short-term space flights on physiological properties and composition of myofibrillar proteins of the skeletal muscles of rats]. AB - Contractile properties of preparations of glycerinated myofibers and subunit composition of myofibrillar proteins of skeletal muscles were studied using rats flown on Kosmos-1514 (pregnant females) and Kosmos-1667 (males). After the 5- and 7-day flights the strength and velocity of contraction of myofibers decreased, although this change was not correlated with functional differentiation of muscles. The myosin population tended to vary in terms of the proportion of fast and slow isoforms. It is concluded that physiological properties of skeletal muscles at an early stage of orbital flights deteriorated primarily due to a decline in the functional activity of the excitation-contraction conjugation system of myofibers. PMID- 3226096 TI - [Status of the synapses of the end brain of rats exposed to the factors of space flight]. AB - Using electron microscopy, synapses of different structures of the rat end brain related to cognitive and motor acts (sensorimotor cortex, caudate nucleus) as well as memory and behavior (hippocampus) were examined. Rats were exposed to ionizing radiation, super-high frequency, hypoxia, hyperoxia, vibration and acceleration (applied separately or in combination) which have been traditionally in the focus of space and aviation medicine. Brain interneuronal junctions were found to be very sensitive to the above effects, particularly ionizing radiation and hypoxia. Conversely, synapses were shown to be highly resistant to short-term hyperoxia and electromagnetic radiation. When combined effects were used, responses of interneuronal junctions depended on the irradiation dose and order of application of radiation and other flight factors. PMID- 3226097 TI - [Prevention of osteoporosis in rats by administration of xydiphone before and during hypokinesia]. AB - During 7 days prior to hypokinesia male Wistar rats were given 10 mg/kg xydiphone to ensure and additional bone pool. Then the rats were exposed to 32-day hypokinesia during which they were injected with 1 or 5 mg/kg xydiphone. Drug administration before hypokinesia prevented spongy bone losses in long bones, torso and pelvic bones. Xydiphone injections before and during hypokinesia not only prevented osteoporosis but also led to bone mass increase above the normal level. It is assumed that xydiphone stimulates the involvement of cells precursors in the new bone formation. This method of osteoporosis prophylaxis can be recommended for space medicine application. PMID- 3226098 TI - [Effect of clinostatic and anti-orthostatic hypokinesia on serum enzyme activity]. AB - Seven-day exposure to clinostatic and antiorthostatic hypokinesia led to a significant decrease of Krebs cycle enxymes (malate dehydrogenase--MDH and isocitrate dehydrogenase) and creatine phosphokinase with no significant changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and MDH and LDH isoenzymes. This hypofermentemia returned to normal during 7-day readaptation. It was not associated with hemodynamic changes or emotional stress. The hypofermentemia was adaptive and induced by diminished motor activity. PMID- 3226099 TI - [Effect of long-term hypokinesia on the androgenic system in rats]. AB - Rats were immobilized in small cages for 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 or 90 days. After exposure the weight of testes, seminal vesicles and prostate as well as the volume of cell nuclei of the reticular area of the adrenal cortex was measured. The weight of seminal vesicles and prostate diminished 1.5-2 times while that of testes decreased insignificantly. Cell nuclei of the reticular area of the adrenal cortex were enlarged during the first 5 days of hypokinesia, returning to the baseline thereafter. Cell nuclei became less than the baseline after 20 days of hypokinesia. These changes in the reticular area were associated with secretion of glucocorticoids rather than androgens. PMID- 3226100 TI - [Various physiological characteristics of primary radiation reaction and its apomorphine model]. AB - Experiments were performed on 52 dogs exposed to irradiation at a dose of 5-80 Gy or injected with 0.02-0.5 mg/kg apomorphine. The apomorphine effect was also studied in 18 healthy male volunteers. Apomorphine injected to dogs reproduced to a certain extent the pattern and sequence of gastrointestinal, sensorimotor and circulatory lesions constituting the primary radiation reaction. The apomorphilne dosage ED50-ED90, in terms of vomiting, roughly corresponded to irradiation at a dose of 5-10 Gy. The basic difference was that the time of onset and duration of specific symptoms after irradiation were several times longer than after apomorphine injection. It is suggested that the common pathogenetic component in the primary reaction to irradiation and its apomorphine model is the phasic change in the activities of brain dopaminergic systems. PMID- 3226101 TI - [Tolerance of +Gz acceleration in pilots with health problems]. AB - Fighter pilots with health abnormalities were examined for their tolerance to +Gz acceleration. It was found that pilots with psychoneurological disorders and cardiac arrhythmias showed a lower acceleration tolerance. Pilots with arterial hypertension displayed a markedly higher tolerance as compared to the average pilot population. Other health disturbances produced no effect on +Gz acceleration tolerance. PMID- 3226102 TI - [Effect of acceleration on pilot-sportsmen during aerial performances]. AB - Cardiovascular responses of sports-pilots to aerobatic maneuvers have been inadequately studied. However many Soviet and foreign authors believe that acceleration effects may seriously deteriorate pilot performance. Our study has shown that cardiovascular changes are to maintain the necessary level of blood pressure in brain and eye arteries. During exposure to +Gz heart rate may be as high as 160 beats/min while during exposure to -Gz it may be as low as 60 beats/min. Pulse photoplethysmography recorded inflight has shown that during exposure to +Gz its amplitude decreases until pulse oscillations disappear, suggesting the development of visual disorders. Pulse photoplethysmography has revealed cardiac arrhythmias in the form of extrasystoles in some pilots. It has also been demonstrated that during flight cardiac arrhythmias can be best detected with the aid of correlation rhythmography. PMID- 3226103 TI - [Effect of weightlessness on the functions of perception and the reproduction of gravitational vertical in response to optokinetic stimulation]. AB - In weightlessness spatial orientation largely depends on coordinated interaction of sensory systems involved in static orientation. The purpose of the present study was to quantify perception of spatial coordinates in response to optokinetic stimulation. Effects of weightlessness were simulated by dry water immersion hypokinesia. A custom-made optokinetic stimulator equipped with a device to measure perception of the gravitational vertical in response to optokinetic stimulation was used. A special platform with rubber bungee cords was employed to determine the role of the proprioceptive afferent input. It was demonstrated that during immersion day 1 the angle of erroneous perception of the vertical line consistently increased. By immersion day 3 the angle diminished suggesting adaptive developments. Additional proprioceptive inflow during immersion reduced significantly the error of perception. These findings indicate that the proprioceptive afferent input plays an important role in the mechanisms of spatial orientation at an early stage of exposure to weightlessness. PMID- 3226105 TI - [Hemodynamics in monkeys in the initial period of adaptation to weightlessness]. AB - Using pre-implanted electrodes and transducers, arterial pressure and linear blood flow velocity in the common carotid artery of the rhesus-monkey Gordyi were measured during his space flight on a Cosmos biosatellite and ground-based control experiments. As compared to the prelaunch level, blood pressure remained unchanged, blood flow velocity increased significantly and blood flow resistance in the area decreased during the first hours after insertion into orbit. During subsequent flight days mean daily values of blood pressure increased and blood flow returned to the baseline level, although they showed distinct day-night variations. Daily variations of blood flow velocity and its ratio to cardiac output gave evidence that the circulation system of the rhesus-monkey under study rapidly adapted to microgravity conditions. PMID- 3226104 TI - [Changes in the otolithic apparatus of rats and fish after long-term rotation with increased acceleration]. AB - Otolith membranes of the utriculus and sacculus of rats exposed to 2 g during a month showed a typical size-related distribution of otoconia, which had optic activity. The length (L) and diameter (D) of utricular otoconia were linearly correlated as follows: D = 0.4 + + 0.4 L (microns). During chronic acceleration the mean size of utricular otoconia tended to diminish. Guppy fish were rotated at 1.8-2.2 g for 4 months and showed an absolute and a relative increase of the saccular mass when compared to the mass of the utricular or lagenar otolith. During chronic centrifugation the microrelief of the auditory sulcus of the saccular otolith changed. It can be concluded that prolonged centrifugation causes structural changes in the otolith apparatus of terrestrial and water animals which are probably of adaptive character. PMID- 3226106 TI - [Homeostatic reactions of the blood of experimental rats after "Kosmos-1667" flight]. AB - Biochemical analysis of blood of rats sacrificed 4 to 8 hours after Cosmos-1667 flight revealed a significant increase of corticosterone, decrease of 11 dehydroxycortisol, testosterone, total and bound thyroxine, and increase of glucose, phosphate, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and total antioxidative activity. Changes in hormonal concentrations, glucose content and stimulation of antioxidant defense system were associated with a moderate gravitational stress. Increases in the creatinine and inorganic phosphate concentrations can be viewed as specific effects of microgravity related to musculo-skeletal or fluid electrolyte changes. PMID- 3226107 TI - [Effect of long-term hypokinesia on characteristics of phasic-tonic motor activity in monkeys]. AB - Male rhesus-monkeys, 5-6 years old, were kept in recumbency for a long period of time during which they had to perform phasic-tonic motor tests. The monkeys showed significant changes in the tonic component of the motor act which led to a substantial deterioration of performance parameters on hypokinesia days 20 to 30. The process of recovery began immediately after exposure and on readaptation days 14-15 the tonic component of the motor act returned to normal. The motor skill which is a consecutive chain of phasic and tonic components can be viewed as an adequate model of a voluntary motor act. This may be used for measuring quantitatively functional changes of the motor apparatus and for studying the effect of different agents on primate motor functions. PMID- 3226108 TI - [Dynamics of immobilization-induced osteoporosis in rats]. AB - Wistar male rats weighing 250-270 g were exposed to hypokinesia for 7, 15, 35 or 60 days. Spongy bone of the metaphysis of long bones, vertebral body, breast bone and iliac bone were examined histomorphometrically. It was found that during hypokinesia osteoporosis developed in two stages: Stage 1 (from hypokinesia day 1 to day 15) was characterized by a drastic bone mass loss due to stress-effects (steroid osteopenia) and Stage 2 (from hypokinesia day 15 to the end) was characterized by adaptive changes which included steady-state development and transition to a lower functional level (immobilization osteoporosis). PMID- 3226109 TI - [Cyto-physiologic indicators of the status of the reproductive organs of male rats after 7-day immobilization stress and 7-day hypokinesia]. AB - The effect of repeated immobilization (7 days for 2.5 hours a day) and 7-day hypokinetic exposure on the reproductive organs of male rats of Wistar strain was investigated. In immobilized rats the weight of reproductive organs (testes, epididymidis and seminal vesicles) was reduced. In animals of both subgroups the spermatozoid concentration in the epididymal suspension was lowered and the relative content of spermatozoids with morphologically abnormal heads in suspension smears was increased. Cytological analysis of cell elements of the spermatogenic epithelium revealed a slight decrease in the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Leydig's cells. In all experimental animals the number of multinuclear sexual cells of essentially every generation was significantly increased. It is concluded that the above stressogenic conditions produce stronger changes in reproductive organs than space flight per se. PMID- 3226110 TI - [Effects of carbon monoxide and ammonia on a person wearing protective clothing]. AB - Experiments were performed to study the effect of carbon monoxide and ammonia on man wearing a protective suit. It was found that hypobaric oxygenation produced a modifying effect on the level of intoxication with these compounds. It is recommended to take into consideration specific environmental effects when standardizing concentrations of toxic components inside individual protection systems. PMID- 3226111 TI - [Reactions of the human body to chemical substances in an enclosed environment]. AB - The purpose of the study was to investigate adaptive responses of the human body to chemicals of anthropogenic origin in an enclosed environment. The object of the study was ammonia, a typical metabolite and a permanent contaminant of a enclosed atmosphere. The study consisted of a prolonged and continuous exposure to ammonia at a concentration of 2.0 +/- 0.1 mg/m3 and a 24-hour exposure to ammonia at a concentration of 9.8 +/- 0.1 mg/m3. The results showed that ammonia was neutralized in a stage-by-stage manner. At first the anthropotoxin was eliminated in exhaled air. As the exposure continued, additional mechanisms became involved, i.e. ammonia binding and renal excretion. Activation of ammonia detoxication occurred without noticeable involvement of the sympathoadrenal system. PMID- 3226112 TI - [A new variant of modeling the effect of weightlessness on humans]. PMID- 3226113 TI - [Calculation of the effectiveness of an indirect method of evaluation of +GZ tolerance using a circulation simulation model]. PMID- 3226114 TI - [Behavior of Limnephilus sp. larvae in response to sudden changes in the weight of the building material]. PMID- 3226115 TI - [Vascular reactions of the internal organs to lower body negative pressure]. PMID- 3226116 TI - [Results of the measurement of changes in the force of galactic cosmic radiation dose during the 21st solar activity cycle on the "Prognoz" space probe]. PMID- 3226117 TI - [Preliminary results of studies of the cardiovascular system in members of the 2d expedition in the Mir orbital station]. AB - Three crewmembers of the second expedition onboard Mir were examined. Their physiological data (bioelectric activity of the heart, phasic structure of the cardiac cycle, circulation parameters at rest and circulation responses to exercise ergometry tests and LBNP tests) were monitored and transmitted to the Earth. This paper presents the physiological data obtained, their interpretation and conclusion that the Commander during his longest-term flight remained in best shape. Individual responses of each cosmonaut in terms of adaptation to flight conditions are discussed. PMID- 3226118 TI - [The reproductive function of male rats following space flight on the Cosmos-1667 biosatellite]. AB - After the 7-day space flight of Cosmos-1667 the reproductive system of white rats was investigated. No differences between the flight rats and synchronous and vivarium controls were detected with respect to such parameters as the testis and epididymis weight, testicular content of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa, Leydig's cells and Sertoli's cells, and the number of normal and atypical spermatozoa in the epididymis. Nuclei of Sertoli's cells were similar in size in the flight and control rats. Electron microscopy of the first order spermatocytes showed no increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations. Postflight, the flown males were mated with control females; their sex activity and their offspring were normal; the pups did not differ from the norm with respect to the litter size, proportion of males and females in the litter, growth rate in the postnatal period, physical development or function of the nervous system. These observations allow the conclusion that short-term space flight produces no effect on the reproductive system of white rats. PMID- 3226119 TI - [Dehydrogenase activity of the liver in rats following 30 days' exposure to hypergravity]. AB - In response to 30-day centrifugation at 2.0 or 1.1 G rats showed decreases in liver mitochondrial and cytoplasmic NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase and NADH dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. These changes can be considered as a decline of energetic and biosynthetic processes in the liver in response to hypodynamics and hypergravity. After cessation of centrifugation the liver enzymes returned to the pretest level: cytoplasmatic dehydrogenases on the 2nd day and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase on the 7th day of recovery. PMID- 3226120 TI - A method for the simultaneous determination of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and ecgonine methyl ester in blood and urine using GC/EIMS with derivatization to produce high mass molecular ions. AB - A method for the simultaneous analysis of cocaine (COC), derivatized benzoylecgonine (BE), and derivatized ecgonine methyl ester (EME) has been developed. Blood or urine containing deuterated analogs of the three analytes is extracted by pouring over a Chem-Elut column and eluting with chloroform/isopropanol (9:1). The eluent is collected, split into two equal aliquots, and evaporated to dryness. In one aliquot, dimethylformamide and dimethylformamide dipropyl acetal are allowed to react and to derivatize BE to n propyl COC. In the other aliquot, 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride, pyridine, and benzene are used to derivatize EME to p-fluoro-COC. COC is not affected by these reactions and may be found in either aliquot. Separation was performed on an HP 5890 GC using an HP-1 capillary column. The oven temperature was initially 100 degrees C for 1 minute, then programmed at 30 degrees/minute to a final temperature of 260 degrees C. The GC/MS was operated in the SIM mode, and the masses monitored were 303, 321, and 331 respectively for COC and derivatized EME and BE, and 308, 324, and 334 for the respective deuterated internal standards. The assay showed a minimum linear range of 0.05-2.0 mg/L for COC and 0.10-4.0 mg/L for each of the metabolites. PMID- 3226121 TI - Resolution of methamphetamine stereoisomers in urine drug testing: urinary excretion of R(-)-methamphetamine following use of nasal inhalers. AB - The objective of this study is to determine whether R(-)-methamphetamine inhaled from nasal inhalers produces positive methamphetamine results in currently used urine drug screening procedures and to present a rapid method for distinguishing the optical isomers of methamphetamine. Urine from three subjects inhaling from a Vicks Nasal Inhaler every 20 min for six hours tested positive for methamphetamine by EMIT, Toxilab, TDx, and GC/MS. The chiral derivatizing reagent N-trifluoroacetyl-L-prolyl chloride (L-TPC) was used to form methamphetamine diastereomers allowing rapid identification of each stereoisomer of methamphetamine present in the urine samples. Urine samples positive for amphetamines during routine drug screening were determined to consist of a racemic mixture of methamphetamine. The isomeric composition of methamphetamine present in a urine sample indicates the probable source of the drug. PMID- 3226122 TI - Tissue distribution of ketamine: two case reports. AB - Two cases of death are reported; one involved an overdose of ketamine, the other involved a gunshot victim who was given ketamine during surgery. Distribution of ketamine through the body is reported for both cases. PMID- 3226123 TI - A case of nonfatal sodium fluoride ingestion. AB - A nonfatal case of sodium fluoride ingestion is presented. The quantity of sodium fluoride ingested is unknown. Initial serum and urine samples were taken 24 h after ingestion and contained 3.4 and 21.3 mg/L fluoride, respectively. At that time the patient was essentially asymptomatic, but it is clear that he survived a plasma concentration greater than that usually considered lethal, 3 mg/L serum fluoride. The case illustrates the lack of correlation between plasma fluoride concentration and toxic effects and the importance of obtaining a history of fluoride ingestion. PMID- 3226124 TI - Evaluation of the Keystone Diagnostics Quik Test using previously screened urine specimens. AB - Urine specimens confirmed positive or negative for cocaine, phencyclidine, morphine, and amphetamines by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used in a blind study to evaluate the KDI Quik Test drug screen. Of 10 positive specimens, the KDI Quik Test found 6 to be positive, and of 10 negative specimens, it found 3 positive. In a study of interference, 4 of 10 specimens containing commonly used medications but no cocaine, phencyclidine, morphine, and amphetamine were found positive for the drugs of abuse by the KDI Quik Test. PMID- 3226125 TI - An investigation of the toxic effects of combustion products--analysis of smoke components. AB - A comprehensive experimental design was developed to study the effects of thermal degradation products formed by the combustion of building materials on the behavior of rats. Three materials were studied. They were Douglas fir, wool, and polyvinyl chloride. Each material was tested under both flaming and nonflaming modes of combustion. The smoke and gases produced by each material were analyzed by specific gas detector tubes, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy. Products measured during combustion included oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrocarbons. Part of a much larger study, this paper will deal with the analytical aspects of the experimental design. PMID- 3226126 TI - Quality control in blood alcohol analysis: simultaneous quantitation and confirmation. AB - Using a single-injection, dual capillary column, headspace gas chromatography (HS/GC) technique, simultaneous quantitation and confirmation of routine blood alcohol analysis are described. Quality control procedures utilized in sample preparation and analysis, as well as HS/GC methodology, are delineated. A comparison is made between the results of a conventional packed column HS/GC method and the dual capillary column HS/GC method using a decomposed blood sample. PMID- 3226128 TI - Determination of phosacetim in rabbit tissues and blood by TLC. AB - A sensitive and rapid method for analysis of phosacetim in rabbit tissues and blood has been developed. It requires extraction from biological materials followed by TLC. The assay allows good reproducibility, high recoveries (about 80%), excellent linearity in the range of 0.1 to 20 micrograms with r equal to 0.999, and a low detection limit, 0.05 microgram. The results from TLC were in conformity with those from HPLC. In addition, the assay was applied to study the distribution of phosacetim in rabbit tissues. PMID- 3226127 TI - Rapid determination of glyphosate in postmortem specimens using 31P NMR. AB - Glyphosate was quantified, using 31P NMR, in postmortem blood, liver, and urine specimens taken from two suicide victims. Apart from addition of D2O to give an NMR lock signal, the only pretreatment required of any of the specimens was an enzymic digestion of the liver. Glyphosate was confirmed by its characteristic 31P chemical shift and proton spin coupling and by a downfield shift on addition of NH4OH. Quantitation can be achieved either by comparison with an external standard or by spiking the specimen with glyphosate. Levels of 1 mg/mL could be detected in less than a minute. PMID- 3226129 TI - A simple enzymatic method for the measurement of abnormal levels of formate in plasma. AB - A simple and practical method designed to measure abnormal concentrations of plasma formate is described. The method uses formate dehydrogenase and a color reagent to produce a stable formazan color. The method requires no deproteinization and has a one-point standard calibration. The precision at 1.0 and 5.0 mmol/L formate is 2.9% and 1.7% within-day and 5.5% and 2.3% between-day. Recovery averages 100% for formate concentrations of 2.0 to 10.0 mmol/L. The proposed method is inexpensive, robust, and suitable for routine use and shares the color reagent used for the assay of plasma lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate, both important analytes in metabolic acidosis. PMID- 3226130 TI - On internalization of hormone-receptor complex and receptor recycling. AB - Experimental evidence for recycling of receptors and for discontinuous internalization of the hormone-receptor complex by endocytosis, suggests a number of variations on this theme. Simulations based on models of these processes show the possible effects of the variations and suggest experimental strategies. Two examples from the experimental literature are explored. The new parameters associated with endocytosis are threshold for internalization of clusters of the complex, composition of clusters with respect to the complex and uncomplexed receptor and rate constant for cluster formation. PMID- 3226131 TI - Complex behaviour of the repressible operon. AB - The repressor-mediated repression process in bacteria is modelled using a gene enzyme-endproduct control unit. A combined analytical-numerical study shows that the system, though stable normally, becomes unstable for super-repressing strains even at low values of the cooperativity of repression, provided demand for the endproduct saturates at large endproduct concentrations. In addition the system also shows bistability, i.e., the co-existence of a stable steady-state and a stable limit cycle. The tryptophan operon is used as a model system and the results are discussed in the light of differential regulation of gene expression in lower organisms, especially in mutant strains. PMID- 3226132 TI - The evolution of reciprocity in sizable groups. AB - Recently, several authors have investigated the evolution of reciprocal altruism using the repeated prisoner's dilemma game. These models suggest that natural selection is likely to favor behavioral strategies leading to reciprocal cooperation when pairs of individuals interact repeatedly in potentially cooperative situations. Using the repeated n-person prisoner's dilemma game, we consider whether reciprocal altruism is also likely to evolve when social interactions involve more individuals. We show that the conditions that allow the evolution of reciprocal cooperation become extremely restrictive as group size increases. PMID- 3226134 TI - Patterns of ESS's. I. AB - A matrix may have several evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS's). It is thus possible for different populations of a species to adopt a different ESS even when the pay-offs for the populations are the same. The occurrence of different strategies does not imply different circumstances. However, there are constraints upon the collection of supports of the ESS's (i.e. pattern) that any matrix can have. The best-known of these is that the support of one ESS cannot be contained in that of another and this gives bounds on the number of different patterns possible for n x n matrices. Other general constraints are presented here. The enumeration of the patterns for 3 x 3 and 4 x 4 matrices is completed and considerable progress made on 5 x 5 matrices where the number of (permutationally distinct, maximal) patterns exceeds 16. PMID- 3226133 TI - On possible mechanisms of rouleau formation in human erythrocytes. PMID- 3226135 TI - Patterns of ESS's. II. AB - For symmetric matrix conflicts with aij = +/- 1 and aii = 0, an ESS corresponds to a clique in an associated graph. This result is proved and exploited to yield results on the attainable patterns for this class of conflicts and bounds for the number of ESS's which may coexist. Randomly generated matrices in this class are considered, and some results on the size of the support of a typical ESS given. PMID- 3226136 TI - A sex-specific quantitative genetic theory for life history and development. AB - A quantitative genetic framework is developed to examine life history evolution with sex-specific differences in morphology, demographic parameters, and selection differentials occurring. Age-specific selection differentials are partitioned according to whether mediated through differential fertility, survival, or mating success, permitting the derivation of weightings according to selection mechanism as well as individual age and sex. The relationship of present to previously gained results is then examined, with applications to the evolution of bimaturism and evolutionary conservativeness of survival rate. PMID- 3226137 TI - Evolutionarily stable strategies for a finite population and a variable contest size. AB - This paper presents a generalization of Maynard Smith's concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) to cover the cases of a finite population and a variable contest size. Both equilibrium and stability conditions are analysed. The standard Maynard Smith ESS with an infinite population and a contest size of two (pairwise contests) is shown to be a special case of this generalized ESS. An important implication of the generalized ESS is that in finite populations the behaviour of an ESS player is "spiteful", in the sense that an ESS player acts not only to increase his payoff but also to decrease the payoffs of his competitors. The degree of this "spiteful" behaviour is shown to increase with a decrease in the population size, and so is most likely to be observed in small populations. The paper concludes with an extended example: a symmetric two-pure-strategies two-player game for a finite population. It is shown that a mixed strategy ESS is globally stable against invasion by any one type of mutant strategist. The condition for the start of simultaneous invasion by two types of mutant is also given. PMID- 3226139 TI - Predicting body-weight distribution of mammalian genera in families and orders. PMID- 3226138 TI - A domain model for eukaryotic DNA organization: a molecular basis for cell differentiation and chromosome evolution. AB - A model for eukaryotic chromatin organization is presented in which the basic structural and functional unit is the DNA domain. This simple model predicts that both chromosome replication and cell type-specific control of gene expression depend on a combination of stable and dynamic DNA-nuclear matrix interactions. The model suggests that in eukaryotes, DNA regulatory processes are controlled mainly by the intranuclear compartmentalization of the specific DNA sequences, and that control of gene expression involves multiple steps of specific DNA nuclear matrix interactions. Predictions of the model are tested using available biochemical, molecular and cell biological data. In addition, the domain model is discussed as a simple molecular mechanism to explain cell differentiation in multi-cellular organisms and to explain the evolution of eukaryotic genomes consisting mainly of repetitive sequences and "junk" DNA. PMID- 3226140 TI - Citric acid cycle as a "one-step" reaction. AB - One of the most familiar metabolic pathways is the citric acid cycle. This reaction sequence is characterized by intermediates which can be detected in aqueous solution. The recent success in isolating an enzyme cluster with five cycle activities suggests that the cyclic sequence should find a counterpart in a highly organized enzyme system for effective catalysis. In the present article, a new way of looking at this complex reaction sequence is proposed utilizing the hydrophobicity of active sites to define the entrance or exit of substrates as a first or last reaction step. With this view, highly reactive intermediates can be formulated which are able to react in a quasi "one step" mechanism to stable end products. It is possible to derive the known intermediates of the citric acid cycle by a transition from a proposed hydrophobic catalytic site into the aqueous phase. A variety of biochemical concepts in use ("energy-rich"-bonds, group transfer, substrate-channelling, transporters, etc.) can be understood to be derived from methodology commonly in use. The proposed reaction mechanism demands a specific organization of the proteins forming the enzymatic activity(ies). Isolated and purified enzymes should, in consequence, be seen as isolation products, differing from their functionally organized form in a living cell. In this paper, a new concept is proposed by which a variety of observations and concepts can be unified. PMID- 3226142 TI - Conserved quartets near 5' intron junctions in primate nuclear pre-mRNA. AB - Analysis of a 1000 nucleotide span around 664 primate 5' exon/intron junctions revealed frequent recurrences of G-rich runs downstream of the 5' splice sites. In particular, AGGG, GGGA, GGGG, GGGT and TGGG are frequent at this site. Some C rich quarters are frequent upstream of the 5' splice site. Similar behaviour of these G- and C-rich quartets is indicated for the 587 rodent introns and for a combined eukaryotic file containing 1688 introns. (A)GGG(A) is also frequent in the introns 60 nucleotides upstream of the 3' splice site, and (A)CCC(A) is frequently found in the exons downstream of the 3' site. The same consistent behaviour of the 3' splice sites is obtained as for the 5' sites, for the primates, rodents and combined eukaryotic file. These results suggest that in addition to the well-conserved 5' and 3' splice sequences, exon as well as intron sequences may play a role in nuclear pre-mRNA splicing. PMID- 3226141 TI - Meiotic pairing constraints and the activity of sex chromosomes. AB - The state of activity and condensation of the sex chromosomes in gametocytes is frequently different from that found in somatic cells. For example, whereas the X chromosomes of XY males are euchromatic and active in somatic cells, they are usually condensed and inactive at the onset of meiosis; in the somatic cells of female mammals, one X chromosome is heterochromatic and inactive, but both X chromosomes are euchromatic and active early in meiosis. In species in which the female is the heterogametic sex (ZZ males and ZW females), the W chromosome, which is often seen as a condensed chromatin body in somatic cells, becomes euchromatic in early oocytes. We describe an hypothesis which can explain these changes in the activity and condensation of sex chromosomes in gametocytes. It is based on the fact that normal chromosome pairing seems to be essential for the survival of sex cells; chromosomal anomalies resulting in incomplete pairing during meiosis usually result in gametogenic loss. We argue that the changes seen in the sex chromosomes reflect the need to avoid pairing failure during meiosis. Pairing normally requires structural and conformational homology of the two chromosomes, but when the regions is avoided when these regions become heterochromatinized. This hypothesis provides an explanation for the changes found in gametocytes both in species with male heterogamety and those with female heterogamety. It also suggests possible reasons for the frequent origin of large supernumerary chromosomes from sex chromosomes, and for the reported lack of dosage compensation in species with female heterogamety. PMID- 3226143 TI - Ecological speciation by sexual selection. AB - Quantitative genetic models are used to investigate a mechanism of speciation involving natural and sexual selection on a population with more than one ecological niche available. Female choice of mates, based on ecologically important characters, can initiate a sudden shift into a new niche. Whether males alone or both sexes make the transition depends strongly on the genetic correlation between homologous male and female characters. This mode of speciation rapidly produces premating and postmating isolating barriers, as well as ecological separation, between populations that can then coexist in the same area as distinct species. PMID- 3226144 TI - Evolution of sex in RNA viruses. AB - The distribution of deleterious mutations in a population of organisms is determined by the opposing effects of two forces, mutation pressure and selection. If mutation rates are high, the resulting mutation-selection balance can generate a substantial mutational load in the population. Sex can be advantageous to organisms experiencing high mutation rates because it can either buffer the mutation-selection balance from genetic drift, thus preventing any increases in the mutational load (Muller, 1964: Mut. Res. 1, 2), or decrease the mutational load by increasing the efficiency of selection (Crow, 1970: Biomathematics 1, 128). Muller's hypothesis assumes that deleterious mutations act independently, whereas Crow's hypothesis assumes that deleterious mutations interact synergistically, i.e., the acquisition of a deleterious mutation is proportionately more harmful to a genome with many mutations than it is to a genome with a few mutations. RNA viruses provide a test for these two hypotheses because they have extremely high mutation rates and appear to have evolved specific adaptations to reproduce sexually. Population genetic models for RNA viruses show that Muller's and Crow's hypotheses are also possible explanations for why sex is advantageous to these viruses. A re-analysis of published data on RNA viruses that are cultured by undiluted passage suggests that deleterious mutations in such viruses interact synergistically and that sex evolved there as a mechanism to reduce the mutational load. PMID- 3226145 TI - Unsupervised waveform classification for multi-neuron recordings: a real-time, software-based system. I. Algorithms and implementation. AB - We describe a new, mostly software-based device for the sorting of waveforms in an extracellular multi-neuron recording situation. The sorting algorithm is largely unattended, and, after an initial 'learning' process, works in real time. Shape comparisons are based on up to 8 time points in the waveform; these points (the reduced feature set) are chosen automatically by analyzing the current incoming data stream. A feasibility version has been implemented on a LSI-11/2 system, using FORTRAN for set-up calculations and assembler for the real-time operations. Detailed comparisons with performance of other sorting devices are presented in the companion paper. PMID- 3226147 TI - A simple method for recording and analysing circadian rhythms in man. AB - We describe a method for recording human rest-activity and body temperature. A small automatic cordless electronic device has been developed in order to record circadian rhythmicity of rest-activity for a period of one week. A comparable device connected to a small temperature transducer by means of a flexible probe was designed to register body temperature. These devices can register human circadian rhythms without interfering with their normal daily activity. PMID- 3226146 TI - Unsupervised waveform classification for multi-neuron recordings: a real-time, software-based system. II. Performance comparison to other sorters. AB - The companion paper has described a new, fully automatic device for the sorting of action potential waveforms in real time. We present here a brief comparison of performance between this new device and several of the older, more traditional devices used for this purpose. We include in the comparison the performance of 3 human observers. PMID- 3226148 TI - Stabilization of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) reaction product at the electron microscopic level by ammonium molybdate. AB - The ability to use the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) method for studying neuronal connections at the electron microscopic level is often difficult because the conditions of osmification and dehydration used in processing the tissue may result in significant loss and/or decreased electron density of the reaction product. In the present study, we report that stabilization of TMB reaction product with 5% ammonium molybdate (AM) prior to osmificating the tissue results in the formation of TMB-AM crystals that are many times more electron dense and resistant to ethanol extraction than non-stabilized TMB crystals. The nature of the chemical interaction that underlies the stabilization of TMB by AM is uncertain, but it may involve the formation of an insoluble salt between molybdic ions and the TMB polymer. The use of this simple procedure increases the sensitivity of the TMB procedure at the electron microscopic level and may be used to label neuronal pathways in the peripheral and central nervous systems with equal success. PMID- 3226150 TI - The effects of various methods of sacrifice and of ethanol on adenosine levels in selected areas of rat brain. AB - The effect of acute ethanol on adenosine content in four motor areas of the male Sprague-Dawley rat brain was investigated using HPLC-fluorescence detection. Since basal adenosine levels are difficult to assess due to extremely rapid turnover of adenosine, four different methods of sacrifice were also evaluated for adenosine measurement. The rank order for best results in measuring adenosine content with the various methods of sacrifice was: focused microwave irradiation greater than decapitation into liquid nitrogen greater than immersion into liquid nitrogen greater than decapitation. These differences probably reflect differences in degree of hypoxia and postmortem anoxia, factors well known to elevate adenosine, associated with the sacrifice method. Focused microwave irradiation of appropriate duration was found to be the best method of sacrifice and the results probably most closely reflect true basal adenosine levels. No significant alteration in adenosine content in any brain region examined was observed due to ethanol administration. PMID- 3226149 TI - A non-traumatic approach to ventral subarachnoid space near circle of Willis. AB - A non-traumatic approach to the subarachnoid space near the circle of Willis is demonstrated in this study. The approach is made between the olfactory bulb and frontal lobe. Following perfusion with Evans blue dye no leakage was observed into the parenchyma indicating no tissue damage had occurred. No gross bleeding or cerebral vasospasm was visible in the middle meningeal artery (dural), the surface pial blood vessels and the vessels of the circle of Willis. In conclusion, this technique can be successfully used for studies on experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage simulated on the ventral aspect of the brain near the circle of Willis without causing technique-associated cerebrovascular and parenchymal injury. PMID- 3226152 TI - Assessment of biological age by principal component analysis. AB - A method of assessing biological age by the application of principal component analysis is reported. Healthy individuals (462) randomly selected from about 6000 men who had taken a 2-day health examination were studied. Out of the 30 physiological variables examined in routine check-ups, 11 variables were selected as suitable for the assessment of biological age based on the results of factor analysis and the physiological meaning of each test. This variable set was then submitted to principal component analysis, and the 1st principal component obtained from this analysis was used as an equation for assessing one's biological age. However, the biological age calculated from this equation is expressed as a score, so the estimated score was transformed to years (biological age) using the T-score idea. The biological age estimated by this method is practically useful and theoretically valid in contrast with the multiple regression model, because this approach eliminates and overcomes the following 2 big problems of the multiple regression model: (1) the distortion of the individual biological age at the regression edges; and (2) a theoretical contradiction in that a perfect model will merely be predicting the subject's chronological age, not his biological age. PMID- 3226151 TI - A multipurpose vertical holeboard with automated recording of spatial and temporal response patterns for rodents. AB - A method is presented for manual or automated recording of rats' spontaneous nose poking ('visit') behaviors to a vertical holeboard with a matrix of 45 or 54 holes. Several behavior parameters are presented: visit frequency, visit duration, temporal visit pattern, spatial visit pattern, stereotype of visits, diversity of visits and variability of visit patterns. The paper describes the development of the apparatus and some methods of analyzing and presenting the multi-parametric data. The use of the apparatus is illustrated with a one-trial appetitive conditioning task. After 5 min in a single 10-min session, a food pellet is presented, only once in a given hole, to provide reinforcement of a spontaneous visit to that hole. The behavior parameters are compared before and after reinforcement. When the one-trial conditioning effect was challenged with d amphetamine, the behavior parameters changed in a graded manner depending upon the dose (0.25-6.0 mg/kg). The apparatus has also proven useful for studies of exploratory behavior without using food reinforcement following lesion or drug interventions. PMID- 3226153 TI - Serum erythropoietin titers in the aged. AB - Erythropoietin (Epo) titers in the aged (from 70 to 89 years) were determined by a radioimmunoassay. Epo levels in normal elderly subjects were not different from levels in the young volunteers. The serum Epo levels in elderly patients with anemia were inversely related to hemoglobin levels; their regression coefficient was not worse than that found in young patients. It is suggested that the reactivity of Epo production to anemia in the aged may not be worse than that reactivity in the young. PMID- 3226154 TI - Inactivation kinetics of horseradish peroxidase microinjected into hepatocytes from mice of various ages. AB - We have studied degradation of proteins in liver parenchymal cells in culture obtained from mice of various ages. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was microinjected into the cells by the hypertonic-hypotonic method of Okada and Rechsteiner (Cell, 29 (1982) 33-41). Rate of inactivation of HRP was examined biochemically. Average functional half-lives of the enzyme were 50 h, 53 h and 75 h in the cells of young (3-8 months old), middle-aged (18-20 months old) and old (28-30 months old) mice, respectively. Thus, half-life of the inactivation of the enzyme in "old" cells was about 50% longer than that in "young" or "middle-aged" cells, suggesting that rate of protein degradation is lowered in senescent animals. PMID- 3226155 TI - Intestinal glucose uptake is increased in aged mice. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism is impaired in the aged. Whether this is related to impaired glucose uptake or to other factors remains unclear. We measured changes in proliferative activity, glucose uptake, and disaccharidase activity in the intestinal mucosa of mice aged 2, 12, 24, and 30+ months to evaluate glucose absorption and its relationship to intestinal structure and proliferative activity. In vitro glucose uptake was increased significantly in the 30+ month old mice compared to the younger animals. Similarly, crypt cell production rate and thymidine uptake were also increased. However, there were no significant changes in intestinal weight and length and villus height and crypt depth. These findings suggest that altered carbohydrate absorption in the aged is related to factors other than diminished mucosal glucose uptake. Whether this increased function is related to structural changes in the gut remains unclear. PMID- 3226156 TI - Effect of ferric iron and desferrioxamine on lipofuscin accumulation in cultured rat heart myocytes. AB - The general objective of this study was to examine the role of oxidative stress and transition metal catalysis in lipofuscinogenesis in postmitotic cells. Effects of 30 microM ferric chloride and different concentrations of desferrioxamine, ranging from 12.5 to 50 microM, on lipofuscin content were examined in rat cardiac myocytes at 6 and 12 days of in vitro age, under 20% and 40% ambient oxygen concentration. Lipofuscin was quantified by microspectrofluorometry of individual cells. Using X-ray microanalysis, iron was found to be sequestered in the secondary lysosomes that also contain the fluorescent lipofuscin material. Augmentation of iron in the culture medium markedly increased the level of lipofuscin accumulation while desferrioxamine had the opposite effect. Both of these effects were more pronounced at higher oxygen tension. Iron and oxygen had a cumulative effect on lipofuscin accumulation. Results are interpreted to indicate that oxidative stress and iron, in loosely bound form, are causal factors in lipofuscinogenesis. The possibility of employing microspectrofluorometry of lipofuscin as an indicator of oxidative stress is emphasized. PMID- 3226157 TI - A return to time, cells, systems, and aging: V. Further thoughts on Gompertzian survival dynamics--the geriatric years. AB - In this paper, I attempt to address the problem of how to model the survival curve in the later lifespan years; the geriatric years. I present a new general model for a three group population in which the first group represents early life failure (neonatal failure), the second group represents the classical "Gompertzian failure", and the third group represents the later life failure or geriatric failure. Theoretical results are compared to the known biological data. It is demonstrated that this three group model embeds, within itself, a greater variety of the known biological survival dynamics. In particular, this new model resolves some of these issues concerning the failure of the pure Gompertzian to model the later life (geriatric) survival distribution. PMID- 3226159 TI - Decreased in vitro polymerase II activity of whole-cell extracts from late passage human diploid fibroblasts. AB - Age-associated decreases in gene expression have been observed in several different species, but the mechanisms of the decrease have not yet been adequately studied at molecular level. Using an in vitro transcription assay, we have obtained data suggesting that there is an age-associated decrease in polymerase II-specific transcriptional activity in fibroblasts aged in vitro. PMID- 3226158 TI - Regulation of amino acid transport in hepatocytes isolated from adult and old rats. AB - The 2-aminoisobutyric acid transport in hepatocytes isolated from 3- and 24-month old rats was studied and some age-related differences were observed. The basal uptake appeared to be almost constant in cells from old animals during the incubation time, while, in the cells from adults, it showed a progressive increase, interpreted as being due to a derepression mechanism. Epinephrine and glucagon increased the transport in hepatocytes from animals of both ages, even if with a slightly different pattern; the hormones increased the Vmax, while the Km was unchanged at each age tested. However, the glucagon-induced increase in Vmax was lower in the older animals. The mechanism of hormonal action appeared to be similar in adult and old rats. In fact the uptake stimulation by glucagon and epinephrine showed a dependence on protein synthesis. The epinephrine effect was mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors. No effect was exerted by extracellular amino acids on hepatocytes from 24-month-old animals, suggesting a loss of adaptative regulation mechanism with aging. This behaviour was reflected in the kinetic parameters; in fact the Vmax was not modified by extracellular amino acids at 24 months of age, while it appeared to be strongly decreased in the adult. PMID- 3226161 TI - Qualitative changes in human osteoarthritic hip cartilage proteoglycan synthesis during long-term explant culture. AB - Cartilage explants from 14 human osteoarthritic (OA) femoral heads synthesize 4 subpopulations of proteoglycan (PG) based on hydrodynamic size on Sepharose CL-2B (Kav: I, 0.05; II, 0.28; III, 0.68; IV, 0.9-1.0). A detailed analysis of newly synthesized PG monomer from each PG subpopulation was made during protracted (20 days vs. 1 day) explant culture of the cartilage specimens. Subpopulations I and II--high-density PG each eluted off Sepharose CL-2B as a unimodal peak, Kav, 0.2 0.25. High-density PG from subpopulation II appeared as a broad polydisperse symmetrical peak. Subpopulation IV eluted as 2 peaks; a minor peak of large size, and a major peak, Kav, 0.9. Large pore composite polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (CAPAGE) of intact PG monomer (fraction D1D1) resolved at least 2 discrete PG subpopulations as constituents of both subpopulations I and II. Subpopulations III and IV PG monomer consisted of several heterogeneous subpopulations. The size of the high-density PG from subpopulations I and II decreased with time-in-culture. No significant differences were found in the average glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain size (Kav, 0.65 on Sepharose CL-6B) or in susceptibility to chondroitinase ABC or AC-II (both 80%) in subpopulations I, II and III high density PG as a function of time-in-culture. The average GAG chain length of subpopulation IV high density PG (Kav, 0.75-0.9) was significantly shorter than the high-density PG of other subpopulations. Variations in the average GAG length and chondroitinase susceptibility did not appear to underly the smaller size of subpopulations I and II high-density PG with culture age. By contrast, keratanase susceptibility of subpopulations I and II high-density PG increased as a function of culture time. PMID- 3226160 TI - Age-related changes in gallbladder contractility and gallbladder cholecystokinin receptor population in the guinea pig. AB - We have examined the effects of aging on guinea pig biliary motility both in vitro and in vivo. The first experiment compared contractile tension of gallbladder strips from young adult (6-12 months old) and 3-year-old guinea pigs in vitro. Contraction of gallbladder strips from the young guinea pigs was twice as forceful and was more sensitive to octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) stimulation than the gallbladder strips from the older guinea pigs. The two groups were also studied in vivo by measuring changes in the intraluminal pressure of the gallbladder in response to exogenously administered doses of CCK 8. Young adult guinea pigs were more sensitive to CCK-8 at the lower doses tested and demonstrated gallbladder contractions that were more forceful than that of the old guinea pigs. CCK receptors were measured on gallbladder muscularis membranes from young adult and old guinea pigs. The number of receptors on gallbladder membranes decreased with age: 65.0 +/- 17.7 fmoles/mg protein on membranes from 1 year old; 7.9 +/- 2.0 fmoles/mg protein on membranes from 3 years old. The binding affinity of CCK receptors on gallbladder muscularis membranes for binding to CCK-8 was not significantly different in the two age groups studied. We conclude that age-related decreases in gallbladder responses to CCK-8 may be due to decreased concentrations of CCK receptors on gallbladder muscle cells. PMID- 3226162 TI - Development and age-related changes in pancreatic cholecystokinin receptors and duodenal cholecystokinin in guinea pigs. AB - We have investigated the changes associated with development and aging on the interrelationships between cholecystokinin (CCK) and the pancreas in the guinea pig. Three groups (1 month old, 1 year old, and 3 years old) of male guinea pigs were sacrificed while feeding in order to measure food-stimulated levels of CCK in blood and in duodenal mucosa by radioimmunoassay (RIA), as well as the pancreatic concentrations of CCK receptors. Systemic blood concentrations of CCK did not change with age. However, the concentration and content of CCK in duodenal mucosa increased more than 3-fold with age. A single class of high affinity (KD less than or equal to 0.1 nM) CCK-receptor was found on the pancreatic membranes. The concentration (fmol/mg protein) of these receptors significantly diminished by one-half with increasing age. We also found an apparently similar fall in the receptor-binding affinity, but the difference was not significant. We conclude that in the guinea pig, duodenal content of CCK increases so as to compensate for the decreasing concentration of pancreatic CCK receptors, or, perhaps, vice versa. The diminished exocrine function of the pancreas, seen with increasing age, may well reflect both the diminished number of CCK-receptors and the reduction of pancreatic acinar cells. PMID- 3226164 TI - The effect of donor age on the packing susceptibility of erythrocytes. AB - The study of 411 healthy persons indicates that erythrocyte susceptibility to centrifugal packing at 200 g increases with age, evidencing an age-related decrease in red cell deformability. Positive correlations between donor age and blood plasma fibrinogen concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were confirmed. The impairment of red cell deformability may affect the circulatory efficiency in the aged. PMID- 3226165 TI - Beat-to-beat detection of His-Purkinje system signals using adaptive filters. PMID- 3226163 TI - Approach to define "normal aging" in man. Immune function, serum lipids, lipoproteins and neopterin levels. AB - In 53 healthy women with mean age 25.1 years (age range 21-34 years) and in 51 healthy women with mean age 82.1 years (age range 75-91 years), a panel of immunological and biochemical tests was performed. These tests, comprising lymphocyte mitogen responsiveness, phenotyping of lymphocytes, uptake of low density lipoprotein by T cells, serum levels of neopterin, lipids and lipoproteins, as well as routine blood chemistry, were investigated for a possible effect of age and of the classification according to the SENIEUR Protocol of admission criteria by the European Economic Community's Concerted Action Program on Aging (EURAGE). A highly significant effect of age on serum levels of neopterin, lipids and lipoproteins was found. No clear effects, however, of SENIEUR status on these variables was detected. As expected, age had a significant impact on mitogen responsiveness of T cells. Proportional numbers of helper/inducer and cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (as well as antigen density on these cells) were not influenced by age. SENIEUR classification did not affect these immunologic variables. Thus, most of the tested variables that are not included in the SENIEUR admission criteria appear to present information not yet covered by the SENIEUR variables. Various ways for a possible revision or extension of the SENIEUR Protocol are discussed. PMID- 3226166 TI - Extracellular (volume conductor) effect on adjoining cardiac muscle electrophysiology. PMID- 3226167 TI - High-resolution magnetic mapping of PR-interval phenomena of normal subjects. PMID- 3226169 TI - Online measurement of ocular accommodation using a low-cost microcomputer system. PMID- 3226168 TI - Relative influence of model assumptions and measurement procedures in the analysis of the MEG. PMID- 3226170 TI - Computer processing of cardiac Doppler signals. PMID- 3226172 TI - Experimental and theoretical modelling of intra-aortic balloon pump operation. PMID- 3226171 TI - Microcomputer-based system for tensile testing of biological materials. PMID- 3226173 TI - Role of computational fluid mechanics in the analysis of prosthetic heart valve flow. PMID- 3226174 TI - Alternative reconstruction algorithm for NMR imaging. PMID- 3226175 TI - Computerised method for monitoring stored platelet packs. PMID- 3226176 TI - Effect of various storage methods on the dielectric properties of compact bone. PMID- 3226177 TI - Vibrotactile stimulator for use with patients suffering from hemineglect. PMID- 3226178 TI - Respiratory inductance plethysmography with an electrical impedance plethysmograph. PMID- 3226179 TI - Problems with fitting data to a saturating exponential: a simple solution which takes account of transformation and measurement errors. PMID- 3226180 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging using a microcomputer. PMID- 3226181 TI - Optical-fibre apparatus for quantitative measurement of corneal transparency variation. PMID- 3226182 TI - Generation of a submicrometre nicotine aerosol for inhalation. PMID- 3226183 TI - Programmable dynamic muscle load for animal experiments. PMID- 3226184 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the Galician Community]. PMID- 3226185 TI - [Efficacy of calcium carbonate as a phosphorus-chelating agent in hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 3226186 TI - [What should be done in resistant or relapsing Hodgkin's disease?]. PMID- 3226187 TI - [Primary health care and university hospitals]. PMID- 3226188 TI - [Leukocytoclastic vasculitis and multiple myeloma. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 3226189 TI - [Distribution of economic health resources in England]. PMID- 3226190 TI - [Complications associated with cocaine consumption]. PMID- 3226191 TI - [Endocarditis in heroin addicts: the end of an epidemic?]. PMID- 3226192 TI - [Is the incidence of heroin addiction diminishing in Spain?]. PMID- 3226194 TI - [Use of sex hormones during pregnancy in Spain]. PMID- 3226193 TI - [Use of diethylstilbestrol in Spain]. PMID- 3226195 TI - [Erythema nodosum in brucellosis]. PMID- 3226196 TI - [Approach to craniocerebral trauma in a district hospital]. PMID- 3226197 TI - [Pericarditis caused by Coxiella burnetti]. PMID- 3226198 TI - [Severe hyponatremia induced by clofibrate and a thiazide diuretic]. PMID- 3226199 TI - [Acute pancreatitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3226200 TI - [Open study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of prolonged-action nifedipine in the treatment of mild to moderate essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3226201 TI - [Important patients and the hospital. Ethical problems derived from the notoriety of the patients]. PMID- 3226202 TI - [Extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis in relapsing polychondritis]. PMID- 3226203 TI - [Sneddon syndrome and antiphospholipid antibodies]. PMID- 3226204 TI - [Instruments for detecting alcoholism: remarks on the CAGE questionnaire]. PMID- 3226205 TI - [Focal neurologic deficit associated with antiphospholipid antibodies]. PMID- 3226206 TI - [Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: therapeutic difficulties]. PMID- 3226207 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis evolving over 13 years with proliferation of large granular lymphocytes]. PMID- 3226208 TI - [Late recurrent osteomyelitis caused by Salmonella typhi]. PMID- 3226209 TI - [Amebic colitis exacerbated by steroids after a latency period of 25 years]. PMID- 3226210 TI - [Burkitt's lymphoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A case with an African clinical picture]. PMID- 3226211 TI - [Rapid diagnosis of pharyngotonsillitis using an ELISA method (Test Pack Strep A): comparison with culture and clinical data. Analysis of 306 cases]. PMID- 3226212 TI - [Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus by blood transfusion]. PMID- 3226213 TI - [Retropneumoperitoneum secondary to corticotherapy]. PMID- 3226214 TI - [Role of platelet phospholipases in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome]. PMID- 3226215 TI - [Methodology for the study of prognostic factors in oncology]. PMID- 3226216 TI - [9 cases of endobronchial tuberculosis]. PMID- 3226217 TI - [Surveillance for the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus in health personnel]. PMID- 3226218 TI - Effect of bombesin, dermorphin and salmon calcitonin on gastric acid secretion in rats. AB - A comparison of the effect of bombesin, dermorphin and salmon calcitonin on gastric acid secretion was assayed in rats two hours after their intracerebroventricular or subcutaneous administration. All three peptides significantly reduced gastric acid output after central administration. The order of potency was: bombesin greater than salmon calcitonin greater than dermorphin. After subcutaneous injection salmon calcitonin was very potent in reducing gastric acid output, while dermorphin was active only at high doses; bombesin had a very weak effect on the same parameter. Time-course studies demonstrated that the effect of these peptides reached a peak 1-2 h after their central administration, followed by a slow recovery toward control values. Salmon calcitonin, however, has a very prolonged action on the gastric parameters studied. These data indicate that bombesin and dermorphin might act centrally to modulate gastric acid secretion in the rat, while the very potent intracerebroventricular and subcutaneous action of salmon calcitonin suggests a different mechanism of action. PMID- 3226219 TI - Effect of bezafibrate on serum lipids in normo- and spontaneously hyperlipidemic rats. AB - Rats, due to their availability and ease of handling, are a frequently used animal model for studying the effects of drugs on lipid metabolism. Hypolipidemic effects showed great variations in different studies. We investigated the effect of bezafibrate on serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in different strains of rats from several breeders. Under these conditions Lewis rats seemed to be the most suitable strain to investigate drug effects on cholesterol in serum. A hypercholesterolemic male Lewis rat found in a screening program was mated with normolipidemic female Lewis rats. The hyperlipidemia was found in some of the male and female offspring. Cholesterol and triglycerides were dramatically elevated in older animals. Bezafibrate (75 mg/kg/d) produced a marked reduction of lipids in serum in normo- and hyperlipidemic male rats but only in hyperlipidemic female rats, which is in agreement with former findings. These spontaneously hyperlipidemic rats could be a useful tool for investigation of drug effects on disturbed lipid metabolism and its pathophysiology. Therefore, we tried to establish a hyperlipidemic strain of rats. PMID- 3226220 TI - A model of atrial ectopic tachycardia in the rat. AB - A model of atrial ectopic tachycardia (AET) in the adult rat is described. Pentobarbital-anesthetized adult male rats given digoxin 30 mg/kg s.c. develop AET 50 min after administration. Heart rate and rhythm were determined by electrocardiography using limb leads, I, II and III. This model of AET is simple, sustained and economical. As a supplement to models of ventricular arrhythmias, this model might broaden the pre-clinical evaluation of antiarrhythmic agents. PMID- 3226221 TI - In vitro effect of xipamide on sodium-potassium transport systems in human erythrocytes. AB - The in vitro effects of xipamide in a concentration range of 10(-8) to 10(-2) M were investigated on various Na+ and K+ transport systems in human red blood cells. Xipamide inhibited the anion carrier or DIDS-sensitive LiCO3- -influx starting from a concentration of 10(-5) M. However, a decrease in the Na+, K+ pump and the Na+, K+-cotransport activity and a rise in the passive permeability of the cell membrane was only observed starting from a concentration of 10(-4) M xipamide. PMID- 3226222 TI - Studies on the neuropsychopharmacological profile of fengabine (SL 79229) in mice. AB - The effect of fengabine (a novel benzylidene derivative) on neuropsychopharmacological parameters was investigated in mice. On acute systemic administration, it showed modulatory effects on 1) forced swimming-induced immobility, 2) foot shock-induced aggression, 3) electromaximal shock-induced convulsion, 4) radiant heat-induced nociception and 5) locomotor activity. However, it has no effect on the muscle strength of the animal. The GABAA receptor antagonists reversed its effects on forced swimming-induced immobility and foot shock-induced aggression, implicating a GABAergic involvement in its mechanism of action. But these antagonists failed to reverse its potentiating effect on morphine antinociception, suggesting a possible interaction of the drug with opioid receptors. A potential clinical usefulness of the drug and of GABA agonists in general is commented upon. PMID- 3226223 TI - Aspects of cholesterol metabolism in normal and hypercholesterolemic Syrian hamsters. Influence of fenofibrate. AB - This study reports the short-term effects of fenofibrate in golden Syrian hamsters receiving a standard or cholesterol enriched (0.5%) diet. In chow fed control animals, the plasma cholesterol (132 mg/dl) was transported essentially by LDL (27%) and HDL (56%). Conversely, the bulk of triglycerides (114 mg/dl) circulated in VLDL (54%). One week of hypercholesterolemic diet increased plasma cholesterol (+80%) and it is reflected in a 3.3-fold increase in VLDL, 2.8-fold in IDL, 1.6-fold in LDL and 1.5-fold in HDL, accompanied by a rise in cholesterol hepatic level by a factor of 4.5. 15 days of treatment with fenofibrate (300 mg/kg/d) produced a decrease in free plasma cholesterol (-21%) without modification in total cholesterol level in chow fed animals. In liver, cholesterol was reduced by 27% and triglycerides were raised by 58%. In animals receiving the hypercholesterolemic diet, fenofibrate increased hepatic and plasmatic triglyceride levels (55 and 54%, respectively), although it slightly reduced plasma cholesterol levels and more markedly the hepatic cholesterol content (-55%). In chow fed animals, cholesterol biosynthesis was decreased by fenofibrate treatment by 40%. The effects of fenofibrate on triglyceride levels are in contrast to experiences in other animal species, including man, and indicate a hypersecretion of chylomicrons and/or a hypersecretion of VLDL, although the explanations are not yet obvious. The results concerning cholesterol metabolism indicate similarities between man and hamster. PMID- 3226224 TI - Distribution of chloroquine in human blood fractions. AB - The uptake of chloroquine (CQ) in blood cells in vitro is proportional to the concentration added to whole blood and follows the rank order of capacity: erythrocytes greater than platelets greater than granulocytes greater than lymphocytes. The accumulation of CQ in granulocytes and lymphocytes was linearly proportional to the concentration in whole blood. In average, the cellular compartment accumulated in vitro 90.6% of the total CQ amount in blood. The sum of CQ amount in isolated and washed blood cells was approximately 62.8%. The amount of CQ in erythrocytes was 4.05 to 8.4 times higher in comparison with platelet poor plasma. The number of platelets limits the uptake of CQ. With 1.5 x 10(-4) mol/l concentration in whole blood each platelet accumulated about 120 pg of CQ. The mechanism by which CQ accumulates in blood cells is not known. Possibly an active, but most probably a membrane perturbing, mechanism may play a role in CQ uptake. The compartmentation of CQ in blood must be taken into consideration when evaluating the disposition and pharmacokinetics of CQ in man. PMID- 3226225 TI - A study of the mechanism of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the guinea pig vas deferens. AB - Aminoglycoside antibiotics inhibit contractility of the isolated guinea pig vas deferens in a dose-related manner. However, total inhibition of the contractility cannot be attained, a phenomenon most probably attributed to the partial inhibition of the function of Ca channels by the antibiotics. The inhibitory potency of aminoglycoside antibiotics was found to be: sisomicin greater than gentamicin greater than netilmicin greater than streptomycin greater than dactimicin greater than amikacin greater than kanamycin greater than kanendomycin greater than dibekacin greater than tobramycin. Ca2+ antagonize the action of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the vas deferens competitively. This observation indicates that the untoward effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics on contractility of the vas deferens can be attributed to their ability to interfere with Ca2+ entry through cell membranes of the tissue, a prerequisite for subsequent contraction. Above a specific threshold (7.5 mM) Ca2+ have a prophylactic effect on vas deferens and prevent the inhibitory action of ICmax doses of the antibiotics. Thus, Ca could be used as a prophylactic medium or as an antidote in restoring contractility of the vas deferens if it is inhibited by aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 3226226 TI - A brief, versatile, computerized, stress-inducing task derived from the Stroop color word test. AB - A brief, computerized version of the Stroop color word test (SCWT), which consists in reading words while ignoring their colors (reading task), is presented. It transitorily induced a moderate stress in non-anxious normal males, which was quantified with performance scores, subjective reports, urinary levels of catecholamines and vital parameters. Among the latter, cardiac frequency proved to be the most discriminant, enabling to distinguish between the different physical and mental loads imposed by the task. Stress was elicited rapidly (total task duration: 6 min) thanks to: 1) the presence of a conditioning series prior to the conflictual series, 2) a reconversion of the (usually voiced) semantic response into a color patch followed by a motor response, and 3) the use of conflicting acoustic signals as distractors. The brevity of the task reduced the 'spill-over' effect and prevented rapid habituation during repeated exposures. Both this feature and computerization, which allows great versatility in selection of the test parameters and in data handling, make possible the inclusion of this SCWT version in a clinical psychopharmacology psychometrical battery. PMID- 3226227 TI - Long chain fatty acid deficits in brain myelin sphingolipids of undernourished rat pups. AB - A restricted maternal dietary intake (40% of ad libitum intake) is known to cause myelin deficit that is accompanied by decreased amounts of individual phospholipids and sphingolipids in brain myelin of suckling rats. This communication reports the effects of the same nutritional stress on the fatty acid composition of brain myelin lipids. In myelin of 19-day-old normally fed rats, palmitate (16:0), stearate (18:0) and oleate (18:1) accounted for 80-90% of all fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. Maternal dietary restriction resulted in deficits of total fatty acid content, but did not affect the proportional distribution of individual fatty acids among phospholipids. By contrast, longer chain (22- and 24 carbon) fatty acids accounted for more than half the fatty acid content of myelin cerebroside and sulfatide from the 19-day-old control rat pups. In undernourished rats of that age, proportions of lignocerate (24:0) and nervonate (24:1) in cerebroside and sulfatide were 40-50% lower than those in control rats. This, together with higher proportions of 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1 and a higher ratio of C16 C20 to C22-C24 in undernourished than in control rats, suggests an impairment in fatty acid chain elongation. Ten days of nutritional rehabilitation failed to restore the fatty acid imbalances; however, after an additional 5 days of ad libitum feeding, the experimental and control values were similar. The undernutrition results in hypomyelination, which is characterized by a proportional decrease in lignoceric and nervonic acids of sphingolipids. PMID- 3226228 TI - Molecular species of mycolic acid subclasses in eight strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis. AB - Thin layer chromatographic and gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric identification of mycolic acid subclasses and molecular species from eight strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis were established. Two major adjacent spots and a lower minor one were detected on silica gel thin layer chromatograms of methyl esters. The most abundant subclass showing the highest Rf value on TLC was that of alpha-mycolic acids (M1), the second was that of alpha mycolic acids (M1), a shorter homologue than alpha-mycolates, and the third was the hydroxy mycolic acids (M4) derived from epoxy mycolic acids. They were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as their trimethylsilylether derivatives. alpha'-Mycolic acids were monoenoic acids ranging from C60 to C66 and possessing an alpha-unit of C24:0. Such profiles of alpha'-mycolic acids were common in eight strains. alpha-Mycolates were dienoic acids ranging from C75 to C79 and possessing an alpha-unit of C24:0. In most strains, the major molecular species of alpha-mycolates were odd-carbon-numbered, centering at C77 and C79, possessing a methyl branch in the even-carbon-numbered straight chain. The average carbon number of alpha-mycolates, from seven strains examined, was about 78, but that of the Takeo strain was 76.3. The profiles of epoxy mycolic acid molecular species composition from eight strains ranging from C75 to C81 were very similar to their M1 subclass profiles. PMID- 3226229 TI - Rapid separation of neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids using prepacked silica Sep-Pak columns. AB - A method is described for the separation of neutral lipid, free fatty acid and polar lipid classes using small (600 mg), prepacked silica Sep-Pak columns. Combinations of hexane and methyltertiarybutylether were used to progressively elute cholesteryl ester first then triglyceride from the column. After column acidification, fatty acids were eluted followed by cholesterol. Recoveries of these lipids were 96% or greater. Polar lipids were eluted from the column using combinations of methyltertiarybutylether, methanol and ammonium acetate. Phospholipid classes could not be separated completely from each other. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol eluted together, whereas the more polar phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine were eluted as a second fraction. Recoveries of each phospholipid was greater than 98%. PMID- 3226230 TI - Separation of neutral lipid, free fatty acid and phospholipid classes by normal phase HPLC. AB - Normal phase high performance liquid chromatography methods are described for the separation of neutral lipid, fatty acid and five phospholipid classes using spectrophotometric detection at 206 nm. Separations were accomplished in less than 10 min for each lipid class. A mobile phase consisting of hexane/methyltertiarybutylether/acetic acid (100:5:0.02) proved effective in separating cholesteryl ester and triglyceride with recoveries of 100% for radiolabeled cholesteryl oleate and 98% for radiolabeled triolein. Free fatty acid and cholesterol were separated by two different mobile phases. The first, hexane/methyltertiarybutylether/acetic acid (70:30:0.02) effectively separated free fatty acids and cholesterol, but did not separate cholesterol from 1,2 diglyceride. A mobile phase consisting of hexane/isopropanol/acetic acid (100:2:0.02) effectively separated free fatty acid, cholesterol, 1,2-diglyceride and 1,3-diglyceride. Recoveries of oleic acid and cholesterol were 100% and 97%, respectively. Five phospholipid classes were separated using methyltertiarybutylether/methanol/aqueous ammonium acetate (pH 8.6) (5:8:2) as the mobile phase. The recoveries of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine were each greater than 96%. PMID- 3226231 TI - Erythrocyte contamination of leukocyte populations following density-gradient centrifugation results in artificially high levels of human leukocyte HMG-CoA reductase activity. AB - When measuring human leukocyte HMG-CoA reductase activity, special care must be taken to prevent erythrocyte contamination of the leukocyte layer during isopycnic centrifugation. Contamination during leukocyte isolation and subsequent erythrocyte lysis during NH4Cl treatment results in increased leukocyte microsomal HMG-CoA reductase activity. Increased enzyme activity is not due to enzyme dephosphorylation, thiol-disulfide reduction or increased enzyme protein concentration. Leukocyte populations containing granulocytes appear to be most sensitive. Prevention of erythrocyte contamination during isopycnic centrifugation should aid in accurate measurement of human leukocyte HMG-CoA reductase activity. PMID- 3226232 TI - Community living skills. A taxonomy. PMID- 3226233 TI - In vivo 1H spectroscopic studies of human gastrocnemius muscle at 1.5 T. AB - In vivo high resolution 1H magnetic resonance spectra are observed from the gastrocnemius muscle in 12 normal volunteers. The gross spectral features do not appear to significantly change from individual to individual. However, the number and the relative amplitudes of the resonances from the fatty acid chains are found to exhibit significant variation from normal to normal. The spectra observed on different occasions in the same individual exhibit very little variation. Our studies indicate that it is preferable to use the spin echo sequence with a long echo time to observe water-suppressed proton spectra from the muscle tissue. PMID- 3226234 TI - Diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary emboli by MR imaging: an experimental study in dogs. AB - The peripheral pulmonary arteries of 5 dogs were embolized with boiled autologous clots via the external right jugular vein. Angiography determined the location and approximate size of the emboli in the peripheral pulmonary arteries. With spin echo techniques, transverse axial magnetic resonance (MR) images (0.3 T, 12.77 MHz) were obtained in each animal from apex to thorax base, on a permanent magnet scanner. The sensitivity of MR imaging was assessed to detect these clots and to determine their size and location. In 2 dogs, scans were also obtained before embolization in order to exclude possible artifactual areas of increased signal. Fourteen out of 19 emboli were identified on the MR scans as areas of increased signal. Their diameter measured a minimum of 2.7 mm matching the filling defects seen on the angiograms. There were three false positive emboli on MR probably related to slow blood flow in the inferior vena cava. There were 9 false negative emboli on MR. The increased MR signal seen in dogs with pulmonary emboli results from the embolus itself and from slow blood flow distal to the obstructive embolus. PMID- 3226235 TI - NMR imaging of fluid dynamics in reservoir core. AB - A medical NMR imaging instrument has been modified to image water and oil in reservoir rocks by the construction of a new receiving coil. Both oil and water inside the core produced readily detectable proton NMR signals, while the rock matrix produced no signal. Because of similar T2 NMR relaxation times, the water was doped with a paramagnetic ion, Mn+2, to reduce its T2 relaxation time. This procedure enhanced the separation between the oil and water phases in the resulting images. Sequential measurements, as water imbibed into one end and oil was expelled from the other end of a core plug, produced a series of images which showed the dynamics of the fluids. For water-wet Berea Sandstone a flood front was readily observed, but some of the oil was apparently left behind in small, isolated pockets which were larger than individual pores. After several additional pore volumes of water flowed through the plug the NMR image indicated a homogeneous distribution of oil. The amount of residual oil, as determined from the ratio of NMR intensities, closely approximated the residual oil saturation of fully flooded Berea samples measured by Dean-Stark extraction. A Berea sandstone core treated to make it partially oil-wet, did not show a definitive flood front, but appeared to channel the water around the perimeter of the core plug. The relative ease with which these images were made indicates that NMR imaging can be a useful technique to follow the dynamics of oil and water through a core plug for a variety of production processes. PMID- 3226236 TI - Cervical spine MR imaging using multislice gradient echo imaging: comparison with cardiac gated spin echo. AB - Forty-one patients with suspected cervical spine disorders were studied using multislice gradient echo imaging (GE) technique, with a 1.5-T system. The images were compared to cardiac-gated spin echo (CGSE) images in the diagnosis of suspected cord and spinal disorders. Images were graded for ability to detect cord lesion, cord-CSF contrast, CSF-bone contrast and contrast between CSF and extradural abnormality. The signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were used to compare images. There was 44% decrease in contrast between cord lesion and normal cord on GE when compared to CGSE, except for spinal cord hemorrhage. There was a 40% improvement between bone and CSF contrast on GE compared to CGSE. GE images were significantly better qualitatively as well as quantitatively in the detection of extradural lesions. This effect was more marked in axial plane where CGSE images are extremely suboptimal. CGSE images are better than GE for spinal cord lesions, while GE are superior in the diagnosis of degenerative disease in the cervical spine. PMID- 3226237 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with unstable angina: comparison with acute myocardial infarction and normals. AB - The role of magnetic resonance imaging in characterizing normal, ischemic and infarcted segments of myocardium was examined in 8 patients with unstable angina, 11 patients with acute myocardial infarction, and 7 patients with stable angina. Eleven normal volunteers were imaged for comparison. Myocardial segments in short axis magnetic resonance images were classified as normal or abnormal on the basis of perfusion changes observed in thallium-201 images in 22 patients and according to the electrocariographic localization of infarction in 4 patients. T2 relaxation time was measured in 57 myocardial segments with abnormal perfusion (24 with reversible and 33 with irreversible perfusion changes) and in 25 normally perfused segments. T2 measurements in normally perfused segments of patients with acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina and stable angina were within normal range derived from T2 measurements in 48 myocardial segments of 11 normal volunteers (42 +/- 10 ms). T2 in abnormal myocardial segments of patients with stable angina also was not significantly different from normal. T2 of abnormal segments in patients with unstable angina (64 +/- 14 in reversibly ischemic and 67 +/- 21 in the irreversibly ischemic segments) was prolonged when compared to normal (p less than 0.0001) and was not significantly different from T2 in abnormal segments of patients with acute myocardial infarction (62 +/- 18 for reversibly and 66 +/- 11 for irreversibly ischemic segments). The data indicate that T2 prolongation is not specific for acute myocardial infarction and may be observed in abnormally perfused segments of patients with unstable angina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226238 TI - Multiple spin-echo MR imaging of the body: image contrast and motion-induced artifact. AB - For a given TR and TE, image quality changes when the number of spin echoes obtained is varied. To investigate the importance of this in clinical imaging, a total of 4 patients and 9 volunteers had MRI examinations of the abdomen (n = 7) and/or pelvis (n = 8) which included at least 2 sequences with identical TR (2000 or 2500 ms), TE (80 ms) and other parameters, but with a different series of refocusing pulses. Sequences included single-echo (S), asymmetric and symmetric double-echo (AD and SD) and quadruple-echo (Q) techniques. Image contrast and severity of motion-induced artifact was measured via blind examination by 3 independent MRI radiologists and calculation of signal-difference, signal difference-to-noise ratios and intensity of motion-induced "ghost artifact." The order of decreasing signal differences was S, SD, AD and Q, and all of three liver lesions were better seen with S than with SD techniques. These observations are consistent with signal loss from cumulative inaccuracies from multiple 180 degrees RF pulses. The order of increasing intensity of ghost artifact was Q, SD, AD and S, consistent with the beneficial motion artifact-reducing effects of even echo rephasing. Knowledge of these effects of multi-echo imaging allows one to make informed decisions about imaging protocols rather than to simply obtain multiple echoes "because they are free." PMID- 3226239 TI - Detection of a systemic effect of malignancy in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging. AB - In animals bearing tumors prolongation of spin lattice relaxation time (T1) has been detected in vitro in organs not directly affected by the malignancy. This has been termed the "Systemic Effect." In this study the possible existence of such an effect in the liver, muscle and fat of humans with lymphoma has been investigated. In vivo T1 measurements were made using a low field strength (0.08 Tesla) magnetic resonance imager. The mean liver T1 for 19 lymphoma patients with normal liver histology was 206 ms, compared with a mean of 191 ms for 61 volunteers (p less than 0.0001). Among these patients prolongation of liver T1 was related to the extent of disease elsewhere in the body. For 23 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) examined at the time of diagnosis, liver T1 was significantly correlated with other known markers of disease extent or activity (alkaline phosphatase level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the presence of systemic symptoms). No such correlations were observed among 25 patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Muscle and fat T1 was measured in 26 patients with lymphoma, 14 patients with acute leukemia and 88 volunteers. Seven of the patients with lymphoma and 2 of those with leukemia had muscle T1 values above the range observed for volunteers. Similarly, 3 patients with lymphoma and 1 with leukemia had prolonged fat T1. These findings indicate that a systemic effect of malignancy on T1 is detectable in a proportion of humans with lymphoma or leukemia. PMID- 3226240 TI - MRI findings in pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - Postero-anterior radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest were performed in nine biopsy proven cases of sarcoidosis. MRI was more sensitive than a postero-anterior chest roentgenogram in detecting hilar and mediastinal adenopathy but less informative in detecting pleural and parenchymal disease. PMID- 3226241 TI - The benefits of increasing spatial resolution as a means of reducing artifacts due to field inhomogeneities. AB - All users of NMR equipment are familiar with the desirability of achieving as high a quality of field as possible. On the other hand, it is easy to forget that the field quality of relevance in both imaging and spectroscopy is that over individual voxels, and not the whole volume. This note demonstrates in practice how performance in poor fields is improved substantially by reducing voxel size (or increasing spatial resolution), offering a potential alternative to additional shimming under appropriate circumstances. It argues that the best criterion for assessing magnet quality in spatially localized systems is the maximum field error gradient in the volume of usable field, rather than the maximum deviation in the field. PMID- 3226243 TI - Mechanisms of alcoholic liver damage. PMID- 3226242 TI - High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of pig knees at 4.7 T. AB - We present images of the pig knee joint which illustrate the resolution that is easily obtainable in high field (4.7 T) NMR imaging. We also describe a variant of the birdcage resonator which utilizes a novel tuning mechanism of simple construction. PMID- 3226244 TI - [Epidemiological news on infectious diseases]. PMID- 3226245 TI - [Prognostic value of indexes of left ventricular function in relation to the postoperative results in mitral insufficiency]. PMID- 3226246 TI - [Integration of time-volume parameters in the evaluation of response to oncologic radiotherapy]. PMID- 3226247 TI - [Sequential evaluation of platelet count and mean platelet volume during myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3226248 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy. Results of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins]. PMID- 3226249 TI - [Determination of small amounts of hemoglobin in cellular lysates: optimization of benzidine reaction]. PMID- 3226250 TI - [Phenotypic shift in blast cells of acute lymphoblastic leukemia during recurrence: biological and clinical implications]. PMID- 3226251 TI - [Use of diphosphonates in the treatment of hypercalcemia in multiple myeloma: efficacy of 4-amino-hydroxybutylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (AHButBP)]. PMID- 3226252 TI - [Blood uric acid levels and overweight: correlations in clinical cases of diabetic patients]. PMID- 3226253 TI - [Correlations between consumption, intolerance and malabsorption of milk in the aged]. PMID- 3226254 TI - [Determination of blood pancreatic isoamylase after inhibition of salivary isoamylase with monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3226255 TI - [Epidemiological surveillance of abortion on demand in Italy: possibilities of prevention]. PMID- 3226256 TI - [A 46-year-old woman with abdominal pain, ascites and pelvic mass]. PMID- 3226257 TI - [Practical guidelines for treatment of patients with reversible cerebral ischemic attacks]. PMID- 3226258 TI - [Interaction of carbon monoxide with human hemoglobin: violation of Haldane's law under physiological conditions]. PMID- 3226259 TI - [Kinetics of replicative forms of DNA of hepatitis B virus in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis B]. PMID- 3226260 TI - [Transcription of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 3226261 TI - [Intestinal production of methane in relation to gastrointestinal diseases]. PMID- 3226262 TI - [Study of abdominal adipose tissue distribution using CAT in android type obesity]. PMID- 3226263 TI - [Variations in serum calcium and magnesium levels in hyperthyroid and euthyroid patients undergoing total thyroidectomy: preliminary observations]. PMID- 3226264 TI - [Alopecia areata and thyroid diseases]. PMID- 3226265 TI - [Evaluation of adipose tissue distribution: comparison of traditional anthropometry and CAT parameters]. PMID- 3226267 TI - [Development of racemose angiomas in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]. PMID- 3226266 TI - [Parenteral nifedipine in hypertensive crisis. Documentation of a case]. PMID- 3226268 TI - [Essential arterial hypertension and birth weight: possibility of a genetic connection]. PMID- 3226269 TI - [Chorea gravidarum: description of a case]. PMID- 3226270 TI - [Prodromic symptoms in panic disorder]. PMID- 3226271 TI - Some dilemmas in curriculum development. PMID- 3226272 TI - Exhibitions: twelve tips for exhibitors. PMID- 3226273 TI - How to do it--strategy and tactics in curricular innovation. PMID- 3226274 TI - Changing a conventional curriculum in an established medical school. PMID- 3226275 TI - Integration of undergraduate teaching in obstetrics/gynaecology and paediatrics. PMID- 3226277 TI - Traits of the 'ideal physician' as perceived by medical students and faculty. PMID- 3226276 TI - The relationship of examinations to amount of student reading: the examination as symbol. PMID- 3226278 TI - An innovation in postgraduate medical education: workshop on educational science. PMID- 3226280 TI - Teaching GP consulting skills in Gippsland. PMID- 3226279 TI - The supervision of physicians in training: an educational and ethical dilemma. PMID- 3226281 TI - Teaching medical students at Leicester: the general practice approach. PMID- 3226282 TI - The time has now arrived: a look at medical education. PMID- 3226283 TI - Do you know? An opportunity to assess how up-to-date you are with the medical education literature. PMID- 3226284 TI - As it happens: conversations overheard in a medical school. PMID- 3226285 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of auditory fatigue on the human ear based on the measurement of brain stem auditory potentials (ABR). II. Relation of temporary auditory threshold shift and changes in the latency of wave V]. AB - The relationship between temporary threshold shift (TTS) and latency changes of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) induced by noise exposure was studied in 23 normal-hearing subjects. Shift in latency wave V at 40 dB nHL of stimulus intensity as a result of auditory fatigue showed no significant correlation with TTS at 4 kHz. The great intersubject variability of shifts in latency wave V as a result of auditory fatigue suggests that this shift may be a useful measure of individual susceptibility to noise. PMID- 3226286 TI - [Methodology and evaluation of exposure to fumes formed during welding of chromium-nickel steel]. AB - Using various methods for determination of welding fumes components and taking into account a simultaneous determination of soluble compounds of chromium III and IV, hygienic evaluation in two working places employing different systems of MMA/SS welding, TIG/SS welding and padding was carried out. As it is indicated by the results, proper hygienic evaluation of working conditions is possible owing to the measurements of individual exposure of workers in the breathing zone, allowing for determination of chromium manganese, nickel, and, while applying low hydrogen electrodes, also fluorides, in every test. PMID- 3226287 TI - [Safety of patients and personnel at a department of MR tomography, a new method of imaging in medicine]. AB - The phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) became competitive for X- radiation in medicine. The problem is related to the implementation of a new imaging method called MR (magnetic-resonance) tomography to medical diagnostics. During MR imaging patients are exposed to magnetic fields--permanent, gradient and electromagnetic. Are these three agents hazardous to the patients and personnel of MR tomography? The present paper provides the grounds for the answer stating that MR method is safe. PMID- 3226288 TI - [Evaluation of the health status of dry cleaning plant workers exposed to tetrachloroethylene]. AB - Among 133 chemical laundries workers and 107 persons from a control group internal medical examinations together with electrocardiography record and laboratory investigation were performed. For the assessment of liver functions designations AlAT, AspAT, FA, prothrombin index, bilirubin and iron content in serum, proteinogram and thymol turbility test were prepared and carried out. No statistically remarkable differences between the group of women exposed to PER and the control group were found. In the study group of males statistically noticeable differences were related to mean values and the number of deviations connected with aminotransferases. An increased activity of these enzymes was observed in persons exposed to high instantaneous concentrations of PER. The author reflects upon the usefulness of performing biochemical investigation of the liver function during prophylactic examination of laundry workers exposed to PER. PMID- 3226289 TI - [Practical and disputable aspects of the effect of benzene-containing organic solvents exemplified by the case of hairy cell leukemia]. AB - The aim of this paper is to present difficulties in establishing the causal relationship between many years' combined exposure to benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons and the occurrence of a rare form of leukemia (hairy cell leukemia) in a worker of patients and lacquers factory. Usefulness of experimental and points epidemiologic studies is critically discussed in order to show the consequences of the etiology of combined occupational exposure. PMID- 3226290 TI - [Effects of petroleum derivatives and psychological stress on eye changes in prospective studies]. AB - Prospective study of workers exposed to simultaneous action of petroleum derivatives and psychic stress proved statistically remarkable differences between the first study and control study (after two years) as related to macular degeneration and opacification of the lens. So far, the results do not seem to point to these phenomena as related to the differences of age and training period between the two groups. For the ultimate assessment of the effect of simultaneous intoxication with petroleum derivatives and psychic stress, it is necessary to confront the results of the study with those obtained after examining the control group including persons of the same age. PMID- 3226291 TI - [Evaluation of the results of conservative treatment in cases of chronic lateral epicondylitis of the humerus in workers in the metal industry]. AB - The causes of occurrence of tennis elbow (epicondylitis humeri lateralis) in metal workers were analyzed. It has been found that the disease occurred most often in locksmiths and turners with over 20 years of service. After treatment of 35 patients which consisted in transfer to light work, paying respect to plaster cast immobilization, injections in the region of the muscular insertions and physical therapy, good results were achieved enabling 21 patients to resume their jobs. PMID- 3226292 TI - Biomass. Part B. Lignin, pectin, and chitin. PMID- 3226293 TI - Use of synthetic oligonucleotide probes for identifying ligninase cDNA clones. PMID- 3226294 TI - 4-Methoxybenzoate monooxygenase from Pseudomonas putida: isolation, biochemical properties, substrate specificity, and reaction mechanisms of the enzyme components. PMID- 3226295 TI - Vanillate O-demethylase from Pseudomonas species. PMID- 3226296 TI - Glucose oxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. PMID- 3226297 TI - Protopectinase from yeasts and a yeastlike fungus. PMID- 3226299 TI - Immunochemical techniques. Part L. Chemotaxis and inflammation. PMID- 3226298 TI - Endopectate lyase from Erwinia aroideae. PMID- 3226300 TI - Necrotaxis and galvanotaxis. PMID- 3226301 TI - Synthesis of chemotactic peptides. PMID- 3226302 TI - Natural mediators of leukocyte chemotaxis. PMID- 3226303 TI - Eosinophilic chemotactic factors of anaphylaxis. PMID- 3226304 TI - High-molecular-weight eosinophil chemotactic factor from Schistosoma japonicum eggs. PMID- 3226305 TI - Crystal-induced chemotactic factor. PMID- 3226306 TI - Chemotactic fragments of fibronectin. PMID- 3226308 TI - Leukocyte chemoattractant receptors. PMID- 3226307 TI - Inhibitors of chemotaxis. PMID- 3226309 TI - Contractile proteins in leukocytes. PMID- 3226310 TI - Ionic events relevant to neutrophil activation. PMID- 3226311 TI - Cellular and vascular phenomena in inflammation. PMID- 3226312 TI - Carrageenan foot edema test. PMID- 3226313 TI - Sponge implants as models. PMID- 3226314 TI - Carrageenan pleurisy. PMID- 3226315 TI - Adjuvant arthritis. PMID- 3226316 TI - Type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats. PMID- 3226317 TI - Collagen-induced arthritis in the mouse. PMID- 3226318 TI - Chronic arthritis in rabbits. PMID- 3226319 TI - Micropore filter methods for leukocyte chemotaxis. PMID- 3226320 TI - Murine lupus. AB - In mice with lupus nephritis qualitative changes in anti-DNA antibodies occur, such as IgG switch and increased cationic charge, to render these antibodies pathogenic. Pathogenic anti-DNA idiotypes can be encoded by genes of a normal mouse strain such as SWR, where they remain dormant. When the normal mice are crossed with an autoimmune strain like NZB, the F1 hybrids express these idiotypes owing to defects in immunoregulation, resulting in the development of lethal glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3226321 TI - Autoimmune orchitis and thyroiditis. PMID- 3226322 TI - Experimental serum sickness. PMID- 3226323 TI - Agarose method for human neutrophil chemotaxis. PMID- 3226324 TI - Mast cells and mast cell products. PMID- 3226325 TI - Membrane attack complex proteins C5b-6, C7, C8, and C9 of human complement. PMID- 3226326 TI - Chromium-51 radioimmunoassay for chemotaxis. PMID- 3226327 TI - C1, C4, and C2 components of the classical pathway of complement and regulatory proteins. PMID- 3226328 TI - Semiautomated measurement of neutrophil chemotaxis with an image analyzer. PMID- 3226329 TI - Concentration gradients of chemotactic factors in chemotaxis assays. PMID- 3226331 TI - The relationship between the MAXABS and the RMS error. PMID- 3226330 TI - Causality and validation of mathematical models. PMID- 3226333 TI - The kappa coefficient and the prevalence of a diagnosis. PMID- 3226332 TI - An approach to integrate collections of images and relational databases. PMID- 3226334 TI - Indivisibility and variety of medical informatics. PMID- 3226335 TI - Endometrial sampling for women on peri-menopausal hormone replacement therapy. PMID- 3226336 TI - Biological and endocrine aspects of transdermal 17 beta-oestradiol administration in post-menopausal women. AB - The plasma protein distribution of oestradiol (E2) and oestrone (E1) during transdermal E2 administration (100 micrograms/24 hr) was studied in 12 post menopausal women. The E2 and E1 levels observed were 43-83 pg/ml and 37-73 pg/ml, respectively. The levels of the free, albumin-bound and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) bound fractions were in the ranges 1.4-1.9%, 60-65% and 35-45%, respectively, in the case of E2, and 2.8-3.0%, 80-89% and 15-20%, respectively, in that of E1. The SHBG levels also remained unaltered. It was concluded that transdermal administration of E2 at the dosage employed produces a physiological plasma protein distribution of E2 and E1 and does not affect liver protein production. PMID- 3226338 TI - The menopause viewed in relation to other life events--a study performed in Belgium. AB - In order to study the impact of the menopause and hysterectomy in relation to other life events, a study was carried out in Belgium in a random sample of 510 women over 18 yr of age. It was found that these 2 life events are not perceived as being important. Comparison of the findings with those of an earlier unpublished study performed by the International Health Foundation on the same subject indicates that there has been a decrease in the perceived severity of the 2 life events. This could mean that, in the intervening period, socioeconomic status and emotional problems have acquired greater importance, although the change in attitudes might also be partly explained by the fact that the respondents were younger. PMID- 3226337 TI - Gynecologic consequences of long-term, unopposed estrogen replacement therapy. AB - We evaluated the gynecologic risks of unopposed, long-term estrogen use in postmenopausal women. Our medical record review showed that unopposed estrogen users (mean dose, 0.9 mg of conjugated estrogens) had a significantly higher (P less than 0.001) incidence of abnormal vaginal bleeding, curettage, hysterectomy, and endometrial cancer. The ratios of occurrence of these events among users compared with non-users were 7.8, 4.9, 6.6 and 7.7. The prevalence of hysterectomy reached 28.2% of users compared with 5.3% of non-users, and endometrial carcinoma developed in 9.9% of users compared with 1.4% of non-users. PMID- 3226339 TI - A comparison of the effects of ethinyl estradiol and estradiol valerate on serum and lipoprotein lipids. AB - Serum lipids and lipoproteins were assessed after treatment with 2 mg of oestradiol valerate (E2V) and 10 micrograms of ethinyl oestreadiol (EE) in a group of 24 oophorectomised women in a study with an open cross-over design. E2V in this oral dose was quite inert in its effect on lipoprotein lipids. Ten micrograms of EE is a dose which in most women is sufficient to alleviate post menopausal vasomotor symptoms. However, this low dose of EE increased serum triglycerides as a result of increased levels in the ultracentrifugally isolated lipoprotein fractions. Increased levels of serum and lipoprotein triglycerides are considered cardiovascular risk factors in women. PMID- 3226340 TI - Education and training in medicine. AB - Education and training are terms which are often used loosely, interchangeably, and require definition. Training is often seen as a series of activities which are related to the acquisition of specific skills and may be narrowly based. Education, on the other hand, has an important value base and is broader in concept. The arguments for and against an 'educated' doctor or a 'trained' doctor are considered, and it is concluded that for medical practice both education and training are required. The implication of this for the preparation of doctors and for their continuing learning is considered. PMID- 3226341 TI - Selecting candidates for a medical school: an evaluation of a selection model based on cognitive and personality predictors. AB - Two studies were conducted to attempt to evaluate the selection procedures used in Hadassah Medical School. The predictors assessed were the Israeli high school matriculation examinations, a general aptitude test, an interview and a semi projective test designed to assess personality pathology. In the first study 145 students of the 1975 and 1976 cohorts were assessed, the criteria being a combination of peer evaluations, evaluation of supervisors and academic record. Results showed the matriculation average score to be the only effective predictor for all criteria. In the second study 155 students of the 1979, 1980 and 1981 cohorts were assessed, the criteria being evaluation of supervising doctors, BSc grades and grades during the clinical period. Results again indicated that the matriculation test is the most effective predictor. In this study, however, the other variables added to the prediction of criteria based on clinical evaluations. The results were discussed, raising several possible explanations for the relatively high validity of the matriculation scores. It was suggested the matriculation scores capture personality dimensions, such as motivation and adjustment to the learning environment, which are important factors for success in medical training. PMID- 3226342 TI - Undergraduate teaching of geriatric medicine in the United Kingdom: changes in the years 1981-1986. AB - A follow-up survey of undergraduate teaching of geriatric medicine was carried out in 1986. All 27 clinical medical schools responded. Geriatric medicine is taught to all medical students in 25 and to only a proportion of students in two. Fifty-nine per cent of schools have academic departments teaching for a mean of 89 hours compared with 33 hours in non-academic departments--an overall mean of 68 hours. The subject is taught by various methods with 70% of teaching time spent on bedside clinical instruction. Other aspects of institutional and community care are often covered. The subject is examined in 18 schools. New academic departments are planned at four schools, and an increase in teaching time planned in five. To meet the needs of the population of the next century, reconsideration of curricula in some of the medical schools is recommended. PMID- 3226343 TI - Factors determining the performance of medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait. AB - An investigation was undertaken to determine the factors influencing performance of medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait. Data were collected for the first batch of 42 candidates who successfully passed the 7-year medical programme. Results showed high correlations between high-school admission grades and subsequent performance during the medical programme. Similar results were also obtained with English proficiency. A partial correlation controlling for English proficiency, however, showed a systematic decline in the magnitude of the correlations between high-school grades and performance during the medical programme. In fact the relationship between high-school GPA and clinical GPA was non-significant. A prominent influence of English proficiency on performance is indicated. PMID- 3226344 TI - The profitability of 'guessing' in multiple choice question papers. AB - Candidates taking multiple choice question (MCQ) papers in which marks are deducted for wrong answers often omit many items for fear of losing marks. In an MCQ paper in 1985 candidates who omitted many items made relatively few errors; they were not necessarily much less able than those who omitted few items. Those who had omitted many items were interviewed and advised to answer more, including those about which they were uncertain but not totally ignorant; the same advice was given to the whole group before they took another MCQ paper in the same subject in 1987. In 1987 there were large changes in the numbers of items omitted and, in particular, those who had omitted many items in 1985 answered many more in 1987. They also made more errors; despite this they tended to improve their performance in relation to their colleagues. A clear relationship was shown, for the whole group, between an increase in the number of items attempted and a rise in the rank order. The effects on candidates' behaviour of deducting marks for wrong answers and of permitting them to omit items are reviewed and the nature of the advice which should be given to candidates taking such examinations is discussed. PMID- 3226345 TI - Evaluation of a teaching skills improvement programme for residents. AB - This study addressed three evaluation questions about the effectiveness of a workshop to teach residents how to teach: (1) How do residents evaluate their own teaching skills? (2) How do students evaluate residents' teaching skills? (3) Do residents of various specialties differ in their teaching skills? One hundred and five residents rated their skills on the Inventory of Teaching Behavior significantly higher after attending the workshop than before it. Third-year students evaluated the teaching skills of both residents who had attended the workshop and those who had not. On four of the nine items of the Clinical Teaching Assessment Form, students rated residents who had attended significantly higher than the control residents. Some differences in teaching skills among the various specialties were found as were differences between resident self-rating and student rating. These data suggest that giving residents instruction can improve their teaching skills. By doing so, both the residents and the programme can benefit. PMID- 3226346 TI - Towards the identification of student learning problems: the development of a diagnostic inventory. AB - An understanding of how students approach their learning has important implications for medical education. Of particular interest is the fact that the approach students use in their study has a significant impact on both the quality of the learning and their academic success. It would clearly be of value to identify students whose approach to learning was predictive of unsatisfactory performance. This paper describes the initial development of two versions of an inventory (questionnaire) which was designed to aid in the diagnosis of student learning problems. Preliminary information is given on the reliability and validity of these instruments. Factor analyses support the underlying design. Correlation of subscales with academic performance has provided encouraging evidence of the potential of these inventories in identifying students with specific learning or study problems. PMID- 3226347 TI - Beyond career choice: the role of learning style analysis in residency training. AB - A recent article in this journal took an important step toward rethinking the utility of behavioural instruments designated as learning style tests (Jewett et al. 1987). The authors of that paper made much of a distinction between the terms 'learning style' and 'learning preference'. However, the results of their study do not seem to substantiate a marked difference between the function of the Rezler Learning Preference Inventory (LPI) and Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI) with which it was contrasted. The most important aspect of their paper was that it rescued the concept of learning style analysis from the arena of career choice prediction at the undergraduate level and applied these ideas to doctors who had already made their specialty selections and were actively engaged in residency training. Clinical instructors in teaching institutions have, for the most part, little or no formal background in educational principles. For these individuals, an easily comprehensible model of resident-instructor psychology can be very useful on a daily basis. This article reviews the authors' experience with the LSI and describes their utilization of Kolb's Experimental Learning Model in the areas of resident counselling and residency curriculum design. The results of two recent studies are also presented in which learning style was examined as a predictor of success in residency, and teacher-resident learning style distributions were shown to exhibit parallel relationships at four different anaesthesiology residency training programmes. PMID- 3226348 TI - Identification of simulated patients by interns in a casualty setting. AB - Fifty-four interns agreed to a study in which their clinical performance in an out-patient unit with standardized patients was recorded on videotape. In order to examine whether they could distinguish standardized from real patients, the interns were asked to note any patients who they thought might be simulating their complaints and report these to the researchers at the end of each 2-day period of study. Thirty-two of the interns were assessed again at the end of their internship, using the same clinical problems presented by different simulators. The consultations took place in the casualty department of a large urban hospital. At the beginning of the year there were 152 consultations with standardized patients and 328 consultations with appropriate genuine patients. Standardized patients were identified definitely as 'not genuine' in only 12 of the 152 consultations (sensitivity 7.8%) whereas 320 of the 328 genuine consultations were accepted by the interns as genuine (specificity 97.8%). When the level of confidence required to distinguish the two groups was reduced from 'definite' to 'probable', the number of correctly identified simulator consultations increased to 36/152 (27%) but the rate of misclassification of genuine patients also increased from 8 to 37 out of 328 consultations (11%). At the end of the year there were 81 consultations with standardized patients and 149 consultations with genuine patients. Identification rates were only slightly changed. We conclude that simulator identification is not a problem in applying standardized patients to evaluate the quality of care provided in a hospital casualty. PMID- 3226349 TI - Teaching doctors to take alcohol histories: a limited success story. AB - Doctors often lack the knowledge and skills to identify and assess those who drink to excess and are unsure of what their preventive and educational role should be. As part of a prospective study of early identification and intervention with general hospital patients who drink to excess, we were interested to discover whether brief education about alcohol-related problems and training in the use of a quick and efficient alcohol screening questionnaire would improve doctors' alcohol history-taking and thus their identification of those at risk. The case notes of every fifth admission to orthopaedic and medical wards at the York District Hospital were studied before and after doctor education. Recorded information on both alcohol and tobacco increased over the period reviewed, reflecting perhaps doctors' growing awareness of the health threatening aspects of these drugs. While there was no major change in doctors' alcohol history-taking, with two thirds of case notes making no mention, or only vague mention, of alcohol, there was a significant post-education increase in the number of patients for whom detailed drinking histories were recorded, but no significant changes in tobacco histories. Small but significant improvements such as these are important in view of the size of the medical problems arising from the use of alcohol. PMID- 3226350 TI - The Open University pack on coronary heart disease: reactions of Welsh general practitioners. AB - The introduction of the new Open University distance learning pack on coronary heart disease to a selected group of Welsh general practitioners has been evaluated. The most commonly perceived disadvantages were the amount of time required to study the pack, the cost of buying it and the work involved in implementing its study in a practice by the whole primary-care team. Despite a relatively high level of awareness among the group, only 17% declared a positive intention to introduce the pack and another 17% thought they 'probably' would. Contact with primary care facilitators and informal feedback from colleagues appeared to distinguish those general practitioners who were motivated to try innovative postgraduate learning methods in their practices from the rest of the sample. The implications of trying to disseminate novel kinds of teaching material to general practitioners are considered. PMID- 3226351 TI - Teaching psychiatric ethics. AB - In the last decade, we have witnessed a burgeoning of interest in ethical issues amongst psychiatrists. Teaching of the subject, however, remains at a rudimentary stage. Various approaches to such instruction are available, particularly modelling (students observe their experienced counterpart), the case method (examining specific clinical situations which involve a need for ethical decision making), and the seminar approach (trainees are exposed to a core body of knowledge, mainly theoretical in nature). Faced with these different teaching models, the University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry has opted for a blend of all three approaches, which incorporates two goals: an increase in the trainees' sensitivity to the many intricate moral dilemmas facing the psychiatric profession; and their familiarity with salient concepts in moral philosophy which constitute a basis for ethical reasoning and which have a bearing on clinical practice. The teaching programme comprises the following: a pair of trainees prepares a presentation on an aspect of psychiatric ethics under the supervision of a senior psychiatrist. A moral philosopher assumes the role of discussant of the ethical problems raised by the trainees; this is followed by a general discussion. Topics have included involuntary hospitalization, dual loyalty, suicide, psychiatric diagnosis, and ethical issues in various spheres of psychiatric practice such as sex therapy, psychotherapy and child psychiatry. The approach has worked effectively and proved rewarding to all participants involved. PMID- 3226352 TI - The foam sponge as a teaching aid in the examination of the chest. PMID- 3226353 TI - Second infections in AIDS. A new facet to the immune mechanism. AB - The lack of secondary infections or the delay in their appearance in immunodeficient individuals (specifically AIDS patients) previously immunized prior to their immune deficit points to an as yet overlooked mechanism in the immune response. It is proposed that on second exposure to the antigen (Ag) there is a unique Ag presentation that alters the Ag in such a way as to induced a state of tolerance. PMID- 3226354 TI - A common denominator in the pathogenesis of asthma. AB - The pathogenic mechanisms demonstrated and the relevant theories advanced do not explain the characteristic features of asthma completely. A disturbance in the pattern of the rhythmic activity of the respiratory center which generates the pattern of the respiratory cycle is suggested as the basic mechanism underlying the different varieties of asthma. This disturbance is proposed to be responsible for rhythmic hyperresponsiveness of airway smooth muscles and also the other muscles of respiration to a variety of stimuli leading to a subclinical template of asthma. In response to different etiological factors, this template is proposed to give rise to the characteristic features, common to different varieties of asthma. PMID- 3226355 TI - The mechanism of the psychophysiological effects of placebo. AB - The psychological and physiological components of the placebo phenomenon are connected in a way which is analogous to the connection between thermal imagery and skin blood flow and skin temperature. The content of mental imagery affects specifically skin blood flow and causes temperature changes. By analogy, the physiological effects of placebo depend on the content of the patient's treatment related imagery. The long term effects of placebo in a specific disease depend on the duration and repetition of a single placebo effect. Placebo affects through a complicated and holistic psychophysiological system. Therefore its effect can be more long-lasting than the effects of more specific agents. Thus placebo should be used intentionally together with treatments and drugs which have more direct physiological and pharmacological effects. PMID- 3226357 TI - Why not treat melancholia with melatonin and tryptophan and treat seasonal affective disorders with bright light? AB - Symptoms, signs, and biologic markers in melancholia are suggested to be secondary to a deficiency of melatonin, with the resultant increase of monoamine oxidase activity, increase in plasma cortisol, and alteration of sleep physiology. Tryptophan and melatonin, given shortly before bedtime, seem to be rational treatment for melancholia. Bright light may be effective in seasonal affective disorder because it markedly strengthens the zeitgeber that controls biologic rhythms in human beings. PMID- 3226356 TI - Immune stimulation. A new approach in the treatment of glomerulonephritis. AB - We discuss here a new approach to the treatment of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (IMGN). Steroids and cytotoxic drugs have been used during the last years for the treatment of this disease, but the results are controversial. We develop here the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of IMGN is a relative incompetence of the immune system in clearing foreign antigens. Therefore, most patients should benefit from immune stimulation in the direction of a greater and more avid immune response. PMID- 3226358 TI - Is malnutrition necessary for the development of alcoholic fatty liver in the rat? AB - Ingestion of various liquid diets containing 36% calories as ethanol and 35% calories as fat does not provide adequate nutrition to young growing rats. Studies conducted with the aforementioned diets have the effects of malnutrition confounded with those of alcohol administration. Feeding a 26% alcohol liquid diet, which results in adequate nutrient intake with the same level of alcohol ingestion as the 36% alcohol diet, does not result in fatty liver development in the rat. The concept that prevailed for 25 years that fatty liver is caused despite adequate nutrition and hence is due to alcohol alone is therefore erroneous. PMID- 3226359 TI - The adenosine hypothesis of epilepsy. AB - The present communication summarizes a variety of diverse observations indicating that adenine ribo-nucleoside (ARN), or adenosine, may play an important role as an endogenous anti-epileptic compound in the central nervous system. From such observations has evolved an hypothesis which states that defects in the synthesis, release, action and/or degradation of ARN may be a causative factor in some forms of epilepsy. Of particular interest is the emerging realization that the adenosine system may be a common factor in the mechanism of action of many otherwise unrelated anticonvulsant compounds. Thus, a more detailed understanding of the ARN system and its role in the control of cerebral activity may lead to rational strategies for the development of efficacious therapeutic agents having greater specificity and fewer side effects. PMID- 3226360 TI - A simple model of the interactions of dopamine, acetylcholine and GABA in movement disorders seen in psychiatry. AB - Many of the movement disorders seen in psychiatric patients are determined, in large part, by the dynamic balance of dopamine and acetylcholine in the basal ganglia. Gamma aminobutyric acid has effects on various neurotransmitters in the brain including dopamine and acetylcholine and is therefore relevant to a discussion of movement disorders. Laboratory and clinical data on the effects of gamma aminobutyric acid on dopamine and acetylcholine are discussed, and a simple model of the interactions of these transmitters, with respect to movement disorders seen in psychiatry, is discussed. Some clinical evidence that is consistent with this model is discussed. Guidelines for the use of gamma aminobutyric acid--like drugs for movement disorders seen in clinical practice are also discussed. PMID- 3226361 TI - Proto-oncogenes II. AB - In reviewing recent literature on activated proto-oncogenes including retroviral infection (without oncogene), translocation and inherited childhood cancer, I have come to the conclusion that activated proto-oncogenes are not involved in development of tumors. There is one exception in which a translocated proto-myc leads to transformation. That is the case of the trangenic mouse embryo where faulty development occurs. PMID- 3226362 TI - Internal ultraviolet luminescence--internal carcinomas. AB - The ultraviolet wavelengths in the sun's spectrum are known to be a basic cause of carcinomas of the skin. Since the skin as well as all body cavities, linings, and glands are composed of epithelial cells, it has been suggested that the ultraviolet bioluminescence and chemiluminescence which are emitted by bodily functions may be just as basic a cause of carcinomas within the body. Ninety percent of all human cancers are carcinomas. Bodily functions which emit a "normal" background of ultra-violet emission can be caused to emit higher, more dangerous levels and bursts of radiation by synergistic combinations of foods and chemicals. Damaging effects can also be increased by the sensitization of the epithelia to radiation by foods, dyes, drugs, medications, and prior irradiation. Certain foods and chemicals also produce serious damage at specific sites within the body. If the role of ultraviolet suggested here proves to be correct, an entirely new approach to the knowledge, prevention, and treatment of carcinomas becomes available. PMID- 3226363 TI - Lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis--groups of defects in microdebridement (polygenetic defects exceeding the fault tolerance threshold--a consequence of natural defense mechanisms). AB - Lupus erythematosus (LE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are groups of defects in microdebridement of tissue which includes removal of infectious agents and cellular debris. They are the phenotypic response to a number of polygenetic and/or induced defects. The recognized clinical patterns of these disorders are the responses to accumulated tissue debris and complications of secondary debridement mechanisms that cannot function properly due to basic defects in the debridement system. The series of events that occurs after infection or tissue damage is polygenetic and involve multiple pathways. Genetic polymorphism of this group of mechanisms increases survival against a wider variety of infections. An organism capable of bypassing or destroying a specific step in the host defense is still eliminated by the host in spite of the created defect (a fault tolerant system). However, a single mutant error of this same step creating the same defect will not disrupt the host to the point of clinical illness or death. The pathways are broad enough to bypass some mutant errors. It is the same fault tolerant system. Increased pressure on the system from infection or tissue damage or a combination of multiple genetic defects results in enough faults to exceed the threshold of fault tolerance and produce clinical patterns of disease. The large number of possible combinations of defects gives rise to marked disease variation among patients. The higher frequency of some defects or combination of defects ces subsets. Inbred strains of animals have less polymorphism and thus some strains have a greater susceptibility to infections, LE and RA. Many of the phenomena that occur in LE and RA are secondary to the basic defect of inadequate tissue debridement. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is generally a normal beneficial phenomenon of increasing particle size so that immune complexes can more readily be removed by the reticuloendothelial system. In the presence of defective microdebridement the system is overloaded and no longer effective. This results in circulating RF. There are clearly multiple basic genetic defects. For example, the known multiple genetic defects in complement in LE are relevant to the systems involved. They are important ligands for defense and debridement mechanisms. A null allele is not likely to be a secondary phenomenon. It might be in a fault tolerant site and contribute to disease in one host, and yet not contribute to disease in another host.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3226364 TI - The TILT formula for brain lesions. AB - A formula to evaluate and grade brain lesions is reported. The formula is based on 4 descriptive factors which characterize the lesion severity and potential outcome on the subject. The factors are, type of lesion, intensity of lesion, location and time of lesion duration before therapy is applied (TILT). A relative value is assigned to each TILT factor and the sum of these values determines the severity of the injury or traumindex. The relative benefit of specific therapy can then be assessed quickly and objectively by applying its effect on TILT. Three examples picked at random from the literature, illustrate application of TILT comparing "claimed" and "apparent" benefit of specific treatments. The formula is useful for both model-induced basic and sustained clinical injuries of the brain. PMID- 3226365 TI - Hypothesis: a possible role for interferon in the treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis. AB - It is proposed that interferon may be an active agent in the treatment of patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis. In this disorder the megakaryocyte cell lineage plays a major role in the deposition of bone marrow collagen by the release of growth promoting factors, including platelet-derived growth factor, which are mitogenic for fibroblast proliferation. Interferon reduces collagen deposition in the bone marrow by suppressing the activity of the proto-oncogene, which is involved in the production of growth factors from abnormal megakaryocytes and platelets. A direct myeloid cytoreductive effect of interferon upon the megakaryocyte proliferation contributes to reducing growth factor activity in the bone marrow. Finally, interferon induces monocytoid differentiation, thereby increasing bone marrow collagenase-activity. Thus, interferon has several actions, which in concert might reduce bone marrow collagen in myelofibrosis. PMID- 3226366 TI - [Compliance: a new monitoring method with the Medication Event Monitoring System]. PMID- 3226367 TI - [Amyloidosis as a cause of therapy refractory heart failure]. PMID- 3226368 TI - [Vitamin D3 level and age. Changes in the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol level in various age groups in normal persons, in patients with osteoporosis, renal failure and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3226369 TI - [Space occupying lesion in the area of the portal vein and obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 3226370 TI - [Toxic lung edema and inhalation heavy metal poisoning caused by removal of old paint remnants with hot air]. PMID- 3226371 TI - The effects of choline on soman-induced analgesia and toxicity. AB - The effects of acute choline (Ch) administration on the hot plate (HP) analgesia produced by soman and by morphine and on the toxicity produced by soman were examined in male rats. Morphine (9.0 mg/kg, IP) and soman (80 micrograms/kg, SC), but not Ch (60 mg/kg, IP), produced HP analgesia. Pretreatment with Ch (100 mg/kg, IP; given 20 min earlier) reduced morphine and soman analgesia by 68% and 38% respectively. Ch (LD50 = 405.8 mg/kg, IP) at doses above 200 mg/kg rapidly produced signs of cholinergic stimulation which disappeared by one hr. A fixed dose of Ch (100 mg/kg) altered neither the expression of toxic cholinergic signs produced by varying doses (from 75.9 to 151.4 micrograms/kg) of soman, nor the 24 hr LD50 (124.0 micrograms/kg, SC) of soman. Doses of Ch ranging from 213.8 to 269.2 mg/kg when given 40 min prior to a fixed dose (93.3 micrograms/kg) of soman resulted in persistent signs of cholinergic hyperstimulation, but again, did not affect the mortality produced by soman. The results demonstrate that acute Ch pretreatment increased the severity of cholinergic stimulation and reduced the HP analgesia, but were not accompanied by potentiation or antagonism of the lethal action of soman. PMID- 3226372 TI - Brain regional manganese levels and monoamine metabolism in manganese-treated neonatal rats. AB - The brain distribution of manganese (Mn) and the regional steady state levels of monoamines and their metabolites in normal and Mn-treated neonatal rats have been investigated. Neonatal rats were intubated daily with distilled water, 25 or 50 micrograms manganous chloride/g/day for 14 or 21 days. Manganese levels in brain regions and liver were analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy. Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites in the striatum, hypothalamus, and nucleus accumbens were analyzed by HPLC. The levels of Mn in Mn treated animals were increased at 14 and 21 days of age although brain levels at 21 days were lower than those at 14 days. Monoamine and metabolite levels were not altered by Mn treatment in any region at either age. Thus, increases in brain Mn levels do not necessarily result in alterations in steady state neurotransmitter and metabolite levels. These results suggest that the neurotoxic effects of these doses of Mn administered to neonatal animals are not expressed as alterations in steady state levels of monoamines and metabolites. The developing nervous system may be able to compensate for neurochemical changes caused by Mn exposure. PMID- 3226373 TI - 12- and 24-month neurobehavioural follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marihuana, cigarettes and alcohol. AB - The motor, mental, and language development plus the home environment was examined in 217 twelve-month and 153 twenty-four-month-old children for whom prenatal exposure to marijuana, alcohol and cigarettes was previously ascertained. With this low-risk sample multiple regression analysis was used to assess the association between outcome measures and prenatal drug exposure while adjusting for potential confounding factors. Prenatal exposure to marijuana was uniquely positively associated with a series of items evaluating the child's attitudes and interests that reflect a cognitive factor. Moderate levels of alcohol were significantly associated with lower mental scores at 24 months of age. Prenatal maternal cigarette smoking was significantly associated with lower mental scores at 12 months of age and altered responses on auditory items at 12 and 24 months. However, at 24 months, the strong relationship of postnatal environmental factors with cognitive outcomes and with prenatal maternal smoking resulted in loss of significant, unique predictive power for maternal smoking. Based on the present work and supplemented by previously reported data pertaining to maternal attitudes during pregnancy and neonatal behaviour, a transactional interpretation is presented. PMID- 3226374 TI - Neonatal treatment with vasopressin antagonist dP[Tyr(Me)2]AVP, but not with vasopressin antagonist d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2]AVP, inhibits body and brain development and induces polyuria in the rat. AB - Two vasopressin antagonists, d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2]AVP and dP[Tyr(Me)2]AVP, were given to Wistar rats from postnatal day 1 to 21 in order to investigate the influence on development and later diuresis. The latter antagonist significantly reduced body growth from day 3 postnatally onwards. At postnatal day 35 body, total brain, cerebellar and kidney weights were significantly reduced compared with controls. Diuresis, measured at one month of age, was four- to five-fold higher than the control group. Combined treatment with vasopressin failed to abolish the weight disturbances or polyuria. However, animals treated with the vasopressin antagonist d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2]AVP did not show developmental or diuretic deficits. Allometric analysis of brain/body relationship of the young animals indicated a disturbance of brain development by dP[Tyr(Me)2]AVP. Although the body and brain growth retardation induced by dP[Tyr(Me)2]AVP supports the hypothesis of a role for vasopressin in brain ontogeny, it can also be the result of a nonAVP-related toxic effect, since it could not be prevented by concomitant treatment with vasopressin. PMID- 3226375 TI - Impaired Biel and radial arm maze learning in rats with methylnitrosourea-induced microcephaly. AB - Jc1:SD rats were given methylnitrosourea (MNU; 5 mg/kg, IP) on day 13 of gestation. Male offspring with MNU-induced microcephaly were examined on the Biel water maze and its mirror-image maze at 6 weeks of age and on a radial eight-arm maze at 14 weeks of age. The MNU rats showed postnatal depression in body weight. Their brain weight was about 60% of the control value, and they were thus microcephalic. The MNU animals made significantly more errors on the Biel maze and its mirror-image maze than the controls. In the radial arm maze test, they required more trials to acquire the learning criterion than the controls, and the animals with the acquired learning criterion were fewer. In the retest, however, no significant difference appeared in number of trials required for reacquisition of the criterion between the MNU and control animals. The autopsy of the MNU animals revealed the thinned cerebral cortex and hypoplastic hippocampus. The present results with the MNU rats confirmed the learning impairment and suggested no effect of microcephaly on retention of the acquired memory. PMID- 3226376 TI - The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on odor associative learning in rats. AB - Alcohol was administered to pregnant females via a liquid diet that contained either 35% ethanol-derived calories (35% EDC) or 0% EDC on gestation days 6-20. An ad lib lab chow group (LC) was also included. In Experiment 1, odor-aversion learning was examined in 10-day-old offspring. While both the 0% EDC and LC groups displayed odor aversions, the 35% EDC offspring did not. In Experiment 2, learning was assessed in an appetitive paradigm in three-day-old offspring. Once again, the 35% EDC offspring showed no evidence of learning. Experiment 3 examined odor-aversion learning in adults. Both alcohol-exposed offspring and controls learned the odor association equally well. These findings suggest that odor associative learning is a sensitive indicator for alcohol-related learning deficits in rat pups although these deficits may dissipate as the offspring matures. Since odor associations play a critical role in neonatal behaviors, these deficits may help explain other behavioral anomalies noted following prenatal alcohol exposure. PMID- 3226377 TI - Hyperactivity and instrumental learning deficits in methylazoxymethanol-treated rat offspring. AB - Several changes of spontaneous motor and learned behaviours were obtained in the male offspring of pregnant rats that were treated on gestation day 15 with the antimitotic agent methylazoxymethanol (MAM, 25 mg/kg). MAM-treated offspring, when tested at adult ages, showed notable increases in motor activity parameters as measured by direct observation or in automated photocell test cages. This hyperactive state was accompanied by clear impairments by MAM offspring in the acquisition of instrumental learning in a radial arm maze and in a circular swim maze. In Skinner boxes, MAM offspring made fewer responses during the Fixed Ratio (FR) 1 schedule but did not differ from the saline offspring in the acquisition of the difficult differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates (DRL) 72 sec task. Neurochemical assays indicated that the MAM rats had elevated noradrenaline and dopamine levels in several brain regions. These findings are discussed with regard to possible alterations of habituation processes in MAM rats. PMID- 3226378 TI - Phencyclidine during pregnancy: fetal brain levels and neurobehavioral effects. AB - Either phencyclidine (PCP) (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) or saline was administered SC to pregnant CF-1 mice during either MID (E6-E15) or LATE (E12-E18) gestation. Because of the reported prolonged persistence of PCP in adult tissues we first determined its half-life in fetal brain for both treatment periods. PCP appeared rapidly in fetal tissues after maternal administration but was not detected after 8 hours. Then, other treated and control litters were fostered to untreated controls, growth determined and the ontogeny of isolation-induced aggressive behavior examined. Subteratogenic doses of PCP produced mild maternal toxicity without lethality. There was an apparent selective embryolethal effect on males but PCP did not produce an effect on postnatal growth. Prenatal PCP did not alter the ontogeny or intensity of isolation-induced aggressive behavior in male offspring. The results are discussed in relation to other prenatal studies of PCP toxicity and teratogenicity. PMID- 3226379 TI - The interactive effects of alcohol and cocaine on maternal and fetal toxicity in the Long-Evans rat. AB - The number of obstetric patients with polydrug abuse problems has increased substantially in recent years. One of the most common drug combinations is alcohol and cocaine. The effect of this drug combination on pregnancy is, therefore, of interest. Consequently, the present study investigated the relative and interactive effects of these two drugs on pregnancy outcome in an animal model. Alcohol and cocaine were administered, both separately and in combination, to separate groups of pregnant Long-Evans rats from gestation day 7-19. Animals were then sacrificed and examined on gestation day 20. Control animals were given vehicle only or were nontreated. The isobolographic method was used to evaluate the effects of the alcohol-by-cocaine interaction on select maternal and fetal variables. This method of analysis indicated that alcohol and cocaine had interactive effects that were linearly additive for some variables and infraadditive for others. In general, the results suggest that the alcohol-plus cocaine drug combination poses a greater risk to pregnancy than either drug alone. PMID- 3226380 TI - Comparison of functional and morphological deficits in the rat after gestational exposure to ionizing radiation. AB - Ionizing radiation is a precise tool for altering formation of the developing cerebral cortex of the fetal rat. Whole body exposure of the pregnant rat on gestational day 13, 15 or 17 to 1.0 Gy of gamma radiation resulted in maximum thinning of the cortex on days 15 and 17. In the preweaning period, functional tests (negative geotaxis, reflex suspension, continuous corridor and gait) were most affected by irradiation gestational day 15, as was body weight. When a lower dose of radiation (0.75 Gy) was used on gestational day 15, the damage to the cortex was much less but behavioral changes were still present. Frontal, parietal and occipital areas of the cortex were approximately equally affected. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis, the linkage of functional tests and cortical thickness was examined. Functional variables which were most commonly included as predictors of frontal and parietal cortex were negative geotaxis and continuous corridor. Occipital cortical layers were not predicted by behavioral variables. In predicting function using cortical variables, frontal cortex was better than parietal and occipital cortex was the poorest predictor. PMID- 3226381 TI - Visual recognition memory deficits in methylmercury-exposed Macaca fascicularis infants. AB - Infant Macaca fascicularis exposed prenatally to maternal subclinical levels of methylmercury (MeHg) and their nonexposed controls were administered a test of visual recognition memory beginning at 210 days postconception (mean postnatal age = 51.88 days, SD = 5.30). The test consisted of a series of problems in which two identical 35 mm slides of a monkey's face were presented for a study period, followed by a test trial in which the previously exposed stimulus was paired with a novel one, and the looking time to each was recorded. The nonexposed group showed differential visual attention to the novel stimuli, indicating visual recognition abilities. The exposed group's visual attention to the novel stimuli was random. These results, in conjunction with earlier findings, suggest that prenatal MeHg exposure is associated with impaired visual recognition memory performance. PMID- 3226382 TI - Behavioral effects of neonatal herpes simplex type 1 infection of mice. AB - Neonatal infection with a mutant herpes simplex type 1 virus produced hyperactivity in mice. Activity was measured throughout a 24 hour period during adulthood, and the elevation of activity occurred during the period of the day when mice are normally inactive. In a second experiment, infected mice showed deficits in learning to inhibit behavior in a passive avoidance task, but no deficit in learning a complex spatial task. Virus was detected in the brain by 5 days of age. The peak percentage of mice infected was reached at 10 days of age and declined thereafter. Mortality due to the virus declined with age at which the mouse was infected, but rates of hyperactivity were not different when injection occurred within the first 4 days of life. The viral infection produced no deficit in body weight in suckling mice. Thus we have shown that a mild neonatal virus infection can produce specific behavioral deficits. PMID- 3226383 TI - Repeated toluene exposure and changes of response latency in shock avoidance learning. AB - Behavioral effects of repeated exposure to toluene were investigated. After 1, 3, and 6 weeks exposure to toluene at 1000 and 2000 ppm, all rats received shock avoidance training. Toluene-exposed rats could acquire shock avoidance learning and there was no significant difference between exposed rats and control rats. Analyzing response latencies (RLs) of avoidance responses, control rats shifted them to a longer RL and at last they learned to perform avoidance responses with specific RLs (3-4 sec). However, rats exposed to 1000 ppm toluene for 1 week and to 2000 ppm toluene for 1 week and 3 weeks, did not learn to respond with specific RLs. Rats exposed to 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm toluene for 6 weeks did not shift to longer RLs. It was suggested that repeated exposure to toluene vapor ranging up to 2000 ppm had no influence on the acquisition of shock avoidance learning, but caused some functional impairments of higher nervous functions. PMID- 3226384 TI - Social security--Ecuadorian style. PMID- 3226385 TI - Squamous cell cancer of the anus. The Ellis Fischel experience and current trends in management. PMID- 3226386 TI - Mushroom toxicity. PMID- 3226387 TI - [Metabolic abnormalities and nutritional management in postoperative multiple organ failure]. AB - Despite its importance, very little has been known on metabolic abnormalities in the patients with postoperative multiple organ failure (POMOF). The present study was undertaken to investigate the metabolic abnormalities and to establish effective nutritional management on these patients. Systemic energy metabolism and hepatocellular mitochondrial function were studied with indirect calorimetry and arterial ketone body ratio measurements on 30 POMOF patients treated between 1984 and 1985. The POMOF patients were hypermetabolic and their hepatic mitochondrial function was impaired. Their caloric intake was depleted for the limitation in administrable water volume due to renal failure. Some of them could not utilize exogenous glucose given by total parenteral nutrition (TPN). To overcome these problems, on 26 POMOF patients treated between 1986 and 1987 continuous hemofiltration (CHF) was applied to remove excess water and ATP-Mg was administered to improve hepatic mitochondrial function during TPN. The sufficiency rate of energy intake (caloric intake/energy expenditure) was improved from 73.3 +/- 14.7% to 92.0 +/- 8.1% with simultaneous CHF and the hepatic mitochondrial function was also improved with ATP-Mg resulting in better utilization of exogenous glucose. These results indicate that CHF and ATP-Mg administration are effective adjunctive treatments in the nutritional management for POMOF. PMID- 3226388 TI - [Nutritional support in critically ill patients; with special reference to fat emulsion and carnitine]. AB - Energy metabolism of fat emulsion was studied in rats with septic condition. The results indicate that fat emulsion was rapidly eliminated from the blood stream and metabolized readily even in such condition. Based on these findings, we have actively employed fat emulsion clinically as an energy source of septic patients. In septic rats, it was demonstrated that levels of carnitine decreased and that this decrease was based upon a decrease of synthesis. When carnitine was administered together with fat emulsion, the energy metabolism returned to approximately normal level. This reports also describes the absorption and utilization of orally administered fat in septic rats. PMID- 3226389 TI - [Metabolic intensive care based on the hepatic mitochondrial redox in hepatectomy]. AB - Intraoperative stress (ISS) in hepatectomy was quantified by the serial measurement of blood ketone body ratio (KBR) during operation. ISS was closely related with the decrease in the postoperative KBR and an enhanced postoperative catabolism. Postoperative urinary 3-methylhistidine level was positively and serum retinol binding protein level was negatively correlated with ISS. Intraoperative stress was closely linked with the postoperative metabolic abnormalities. A key stone in the postoperative management in hepatectomy is to elevate KBR. Utilization of energy substrate in the remnant liver is determined by the KBR level. When the KBR is maintained at higher than 0.7, glucose is predominantly utilized, while free fatty acids utilization increases according to the decrease in the KBR. KBR can be an index in the nutritional support after hepatectomy. PMID- 3226390 TI - [Surgical managements of massive involvement of small bowel and of short gut syndrome]. AB - Despite the recent advent of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), the long-term survival of the patients with short gut syndrome is not satisfactory with complications of catheter-related sepsis and cholestasis. The causes of short gut syndrome in pediatric surgery are multiple intestinal atresias, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and midgut volvulus. For the multiple atresias, multiple anastomosis without resection has been successfully undertaken to avoid developing short gut syndrome for the last 17 years. For the massive involvement of the intestines due to NEC or volvulus, high jejunostomy and peritoneal drainage with TPN support have been tried for the last two patients and successfully weaned from the TPN within two months after closure of jejunostomy. However, in case 2 malabsorption has been persistent presumably due to a severe degree of mucosal damage occurring in the remaining intestines. Whether this eventually gets back to the normal or not is unknown. For the patients with short gut syndrome, small bowel reversal procedure was successfully done and now doing well 10 years after surgery. This paper reports details of these 3 cases. PMID- 3226391 TI - [Problems and difficulties in adapting period in infants and children after massive intestinal resection]. AB - In the period of intestinal adaptation following massive resection of intestine, patients have several difficulties and problems. This study was done in 17 survivals of 31 infants and children received massive intestinal resection (residual intestine; less than 75 cm) between 1966-1987 to define these problems and difficulties. 1) Postoperative hepatic dysfunction occurred in 11 of the 17 survivals. The relationship between relapsing frequency of hepatic dysfunction and length of remaining ileal segment suggested that the reduced ileal length may be one of the etiologic factors of the hepatic dysfunction. 2) Evaluation of serum bile acid levels suggested that the disturbance of bile acid reabsorption and its rapid turn over might still remain even after catch-up growth of these patients. 3) Abnormal levels of serum minerals (Ca, InP, Mg, Zn and Cu) were observed in 4 cases during TPN, and these abnormalities disappeared by discontinuation of parenteral nutrition and beginning of oral feeding. 4) Serum vitamin levels (Vit.A, Vit.E, 25-OH-D3, and Vit.B12) still remained in abnormal even after the patients reached school age. These results suggested that very long-term nutritional cares, especially in lipid and vitamin nutrition, are necessary for the children with massive intestinal resection. PMID- 3226392 TI - [Nutritional condition and absorptive capacity of 14 infants with short bowel syndrome]. AB - We examined the absorptive capacity and the nutritional condition of 14 infants with short bowel syndrome, whose residual small intestine was 90 cm or less. Their age ranged from 1 year to 18 years. Examined items were body weight, height, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fat soluble vitamins, trace elements and rapid turn over protein as markers of the nutritional condition. Fecal fat, fecal bile acid, d-xylose absorption test, sugar-, amino acid-evoked potential difference in the small intestine and disaccharidase activity of the mucosa were examined as markers of the absorptive capacity. Our results showed that the body weight was below the normal range in the patients with small intestine of less than 50 cm. Most nutritional markers were within normal range, however, cholesterol and vitamin D were low in the patients with fat malabsorption, especially in patients with less than 50 cm of small intestine. Fecal bile acid was higher than the normal range in all the patients. Potential difference was in normal range or slightly lower than normal in all the patients. We concluded that infants with less than 50 cm of small intestine had malabsorption of sugar, protein and fat. Therefore, prolonged nutrient support, especially fat, is necessary. PMID- 3226393 TI - [Pathophysiology of bone disorder after total gastrectomy]. AB - Sixty two total gastrectomized patients were studied in serum biochemistry, bone microdensitometry, Calcium infusion test and clinical symptoms related to bone disorder. Thirty total gastrectomized Wistar rats were studied in food-intake amount, serum biochemistry, bone histological changes and intestinal absorption of 45Ca. I. Clinical: 63% of the patients showed bone abnormality by microdensitometry, and 52% showed hypocalcemia and 47% showed high A1-P. Urinary excretion of calcium in bone disordered patients was below 28% by calcium infusion test, which suggested that the change of bone seemed to be osteomalacia. II. EXPERIMENT: The longer of time after gastrectomy, the thinner of cortex and lesser of trabeculation was observed in femoral bone of rats. Food-intake, serum calcium and vitamin D levels decreased, but on the other hand, the lipid content in feces increased, and disturbance of intestinal 45Ca absorption was marked in total gastrectomized rats. CONCLUSIONS: 1. After total gastrectomy, bone disorder was observed in 63% of patients and in all of rats. 2. The longer after operation, the worse of the bone change. 3. It resembled osteomalacia rather than osteoporosis. 4. Vitamin D and calcium malabsorption due to low food intake and fatty diarrhea may be the major etiologies. PMID- 3226394 TI - [Nutritional assessments in the long-term survivors following massive resection of the small intestine]. AB - Nutritional assessments were measured in the sixteen long-term survivors who had undergone a massive resection of more than two-thirds of the small intestine or less than 170 cm of the remaining small intestine. Prealbumin, retinol binding protein and zinc in serum and arm muscle circumference were significantly lower than the normal range. Serum albumin had a tendency to correlate to the length of the remaining small intestine. Nutritional risk index had a correlation with the length of the remaining small intestine. In this study, nutritional assessments in the patients with a massive resection of the small intestine indicated to be in preclinical malnutritional state. This may support that supplementary nutritional therapy is necessary for such patients. In addition, we reported a patient with sensory polyneuropathy caused by vitamin E deficiency due to short bowel syndrome. The level of vitamin E was low in his serum, 294 micrograms/dl (normal: 1004 +/- 65) and in his red blood cells, 136 micrograms/dl (normal: 176 +/- 9). His symptom was markedly decreased within two weeks after the administration of large doses of vitamin E. PMID- 3226395 TI - [Long-term pathophysiological studies on loop ileostomy and ileoanal anastomosis]. AB - Mucosal proctectomy with ileoanal anastomosis (IAA) had been performed on 37 patients with adenomatosis coli and 16 with ulcerative colitis between 1978 and 1987. These patients were followed up for a mean of 7.5 years. In 38 cases (73%), this procedure was completed by closure of loop ileostomy. The mean number of bowel movements per 24 hours was 6.0. Seven patients had occasional episodes of minor nocturnal soiling. The postoperative maximum resting anal pressure was the most important parameter reflecting clinical results and it rose from 72 to 92 cm of water during 5.3 year follow-up period after IAA. The pathophysiological studies on loop ileostomy and IAA were performed in these patients. Postoperative small bowel transit time evaluated by radioopaque markers was shortened. Daily output of water and sodium, and Na/K ratio in the ileal excreta increased and total counts of anaerobes in feces decreased. On the other hand, daily volume, Na/K ratio and PH of urine fell significantly. These phenomena were remarkable in patients who received loop ileostomy with about 60 cm defunctioning terminal ileum. These results indicate that it is necessary to maintain intestinal continuity in the ileal pouch-anal procedures. PMID- 3226396 TI - [Hepato-portal-splenic dynamics after hepatectomies]. AB - The present study was performed to clarify the regeneration and splenic changes following hepatectomy. The processes were compared between the three classes (L greater than 50%, 30 less than M less than 50%, S less than 30%) categorized by the resection rate (%) calculated by CT scan in the 26 cirrhotics (LC) and 22 non cirrhotics (N). Hepato-splenic volumes were serially measured by CT scan. The regenerative speed (cm3/day) of the remaining liver were significantly higher in the N group than LC and in the larger resection class. Liver functions tended to return to the initial levels behind the time of restoration of the liver volumes. The delay was partially caused by the posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH), which developed more frequently with an increase of fresh frozen plasma transfusion given. The changing pattern of splenic size was strongly regulated by the massiveness of hepatectomy. Newly developed posthepatectomy esophageal variceal ruptures were endoscopically determined in the 10% of the 129 late deaths after hepatectomies for hepatomas (1973-1987) with or without recurrences and its occurrence was found to be enhanced in the massive resection in the LC group ended with the poor regeneration of the liver and persistent postoperative splenic enlargement. PMID- 3226397 TI - [Pathophysiology during follow-up after extensive pancreatectomy]. AB - In 20 cases of total pancreatectomy and 74 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy, pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions in long-term survival after surgery were investigated, particularly in relation to development of fatty liver, metabolic bone disorder and changes of serum zinc. In cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy, although the residual pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions decreased in 1 or 2 months, they were recovered within a year and these functions were maintained relatively well, but in cases of resection of fibrotic pancreas, they decreased gradually in more than 3 years after surgery. In a long term survival, fatty liver, metabolic bone disorder and an impaired absorption of zinc developed, and such changes occurred remarkably in cases of resection of fibrotic pancreas or in cases of total pancreatectomy. Hence, after major resection of the pancreas, a long-term sufficient control should be necessary understanding these pathophysiology. PMID- 3226398 TI - [Diurnal profile of gastrointestinal hormones following pancreatectomy]. AB - A long-term follow-up study revealed that diabetes, diarrhea and dumping syndrome were the major complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The PABA recovery rate in PFD test was markedly decreased in patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy, suggesting that impaired exocrine pancreatic function is the main cause of the complications. A 24-hour profile of pancreatic juice secretion more than 1.5 months after operation, showed that pancreatic juice was rich in protein and amylase, and secretion was increased following a meal and early in the morning. Gastrin, CCK and VIP were not detected during these periods; however, secretin and motilin were increased. These results suggest that pancreatic exocrine function recovered in patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy and secretin and motilin played an important role in the regulation of these functions. PMID- 3226399 TI - [Considerations in determining indication for valvular surgery]. AB - Between 1970 and 1987 valvular operations with cardiopulmonary bypass were performed on 636 patients, with an overall early mortality of 7.5%. To determine the critical indication for valvular surgery, preoperative clinical characteristics were examined by comparing 35 patients, who had died of surgery because of low cardiac output syndrome or multiple organ failure, with operative survivors. The multivariable logistic analyses demonstrated that NYHA functional class IV, multiple valvular disease, large CTR more than 70%, high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure more than 15 mmHg, depressed left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%, and renal and hepatic dysfunction were powerful independent clinical characteristics concerning operative mortality. The mortality was highly significant when a patient was associated with more than three of the above factors in addition to being NYHA class IV. It should be emphasized, however, that there are three survivors among 11 patients with all six factors. On the other hand the prognosis of such patients without surgery was very poor, fifteen of 21 patients, medically treated during the same period, died within two years after reaching NYHA class IV condition. These results show that several predictors are useful for decision making regarding the indication for valvular surgery. Surgery, however, should not be denied because of the severity of the disease. PMID- 3226401 TI - [The evaluation of operability for patients with severe valvular disease]. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate and determine the factors which affected the prognosis of the surgical patients with severe valvular diseases. Four hundred and forty six cases which underwent valvular surgery from 1977 to 1987 were used for this study. There were 16 early death cases (3.6%) and 16 late death cases (3.6%), respectively. The early death rate after surgery was significantly high in the cases which had 1) poor LV function (LVEF less than 35%), 2) liver dysfunction (T-Bil greater than 1.3mg/dl, ICG-Rmax less than 1.0 mg/kg/min, Ch-E less than 0.6PH, K-ICG 0.10/min), and/or 3) PVE after valve replacements. These factors were recognized in 9 (56.3%) of the early death cases and 10 (62.5%) of the late death cases. Thus, we consider that these factors affect the surgical prognosis and that the border line values for the factors are: 1) LVEF less than 0.3%, LVDI greater than 40 ml/m2 in MS group and 50 mg/m2 in other valvular groups. 2) T-Bil greater than 2.7 mg/dl, ICG-Rmax less than 0.5mg/kg/min in cardiac cachectic cases, and 3) active PVE cases which showed drug-resistance. Furthermore, these values should be corrected by IVH and immunosupportives during the pre- and post-operative periods. PMID- 3226400 TI - [Limitations and extension of surgical indications for acquired valvular heart disease; retrospective study of hospital death]. AB - Between 1981 and 1987, valvular surgery was performed in 988 patients, 27 of which were dead before discharge. Among them, 14 patients of cardiac deaths due to low cardiac output syndrome (LOS) and arrhythmias were analyzed to withdraw factors correlated with their cause of death. There was a tendency for the patients with stenotic valvular disease to die of LOS and regurgitant valvular lesions of arrhythmias. Statistical analysis showed the cause of deaths were multifarious including pulmonary, hepatic and renal failure, so no definite factor was pointed out. Case study of typical limited and extended surgical indications revealed (1) the patients with mitral stenosis combined with organic tricuspid regurgitation and RV/LV EDVI ratio over 1.5, and (2) the patients with aortic insufficiency and LVEDVI over 400 ml/m2 or LVESVI over 300 ml/m2 were candidate for hospital death after valve replacement. Extended approach for those patients should be two staged heart transplantation using ventricular assist device. PMID- 3226402 TI - [Expanding the surgical indication to the cases with high risk valve diseases]. AB - Four hundred and fifty eight cases of valve surgery were performed at this institution over the past 7 years, during which the surgical indication has been gradually expanded to cases of three types. The first type is serious disease complicated by cardiac cachexia; in these cases, in addition to the aggressive use of IABP, we also use the intrapulmonary artery balloon pumping (IPBP) technique we developed. IVH therapy for two months before surgery has been especially effective and given good results to cases with low liver function and low respiratory function. The second type consists of cases necessitating special surgical technique, for example, cases with very narrow valvular annuli and cases complicated by acute endocarditis. Good results have been obtained in the former with a new technique that we developed, called "Coupling Valve Grafting", and in the latter with a technique of "Collared Prosthesis". The third type is elderly patients aged 70 years or more. In particular, the greatest problem now seems to lie in low liver function of which ICG (15 min) is higher than 40% and total serum bilirubin is over 3 mg/dl; in these cases, progression to MOF is frequent and the patient's life is saved in only 40% of cases. PMID- 3226403 TI - [Minimal requirement for successful late results of valve replacement for aortic regurgitation and aortic stenosis]. AB - This study was consisted of 69 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) and 29 patients, for aortic stenosis (AS) between 1978 and 1985. There was no operative death. There were 7 late cardiac deaths in AR patients, with preoperative left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) greater than 200 ml/m2. None of the 55 patients with an LVESVI less than 200 m/m2 died of cardiac-causes. In AR patients with preoperative LVESVI greater than 200 ml/m2, despite the postoperative reduction of the wall stress, the ejection fraction failed to return to normal, indicating that irreversible myocardial dysfunction was responsible in these patients. There were two cardiac-related deaths in 29 AS patients, who had preoperative LVESVI greater than 100 ml/m2. In postoperative AS patients with LVESVI greater than 100 ml/m2, postoperative contractile function of the left ventricle was poor. In conclusion, minimal preoperative left ventricular function for satisfactory late results and reversal of functional results may be at a lower level was LVESVI 200 ml/m2 in AR patients and 100 ml/m2 in AS patients. PMID- 3226405 TI - [Surgical treatment of intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma]. AB - In order to elucidate problem in the treatment for the intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma we studied the modes of recurrence in 152 patients who underwent curative resection until March 1985. Seventy seven had surgery alone and 75 had surgery combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Among these patients recurrence was seen in 99 patients. The most frequent site of recurrence was in the cervical or upper mediastinum (49%), and secondly in the distant organs (31%). There was not a significant difference in the modes of recurrence between the patients treated by surgery alone and those with combined therapy. On the contrary, in the 13 patients who underwent thorough lymph node dissection in the upper mediastinum, namely, around tracheobronchial trees, rate of recurrence in the upper mediastinum was very low 38% comparing to 15% in other patients and 3 year survival rate also excellent (34% to 54%). These results suggest that extended radical surgery including upper mediastinal lymph node dissection will improve survival, although adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy is still not a proven benefit. PMID- 3226404 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the left ventricle with volume-and pressure overload in valvular heart diseases]. AB - There are some cases in which pump function of the left ventricle (LV) is not sufficiently improved despite of successful operation, especially in advanced hypertrophy. The impaired pump function is believed to result from irreversible myocardial damage. Thus, the present study is designed to make clear the histopathological changes of the LV muscle in hypertrophied hearts. Fifty-six patients with volume-overloaded hearts (27 with AR, 24 with MR, and 4 with AR and MR) and 10 patients with AS were examined. Cardiac muscle specimens for histological examination were obtained from the LV anterior wall. In volume overloaded hearts, the muscle cell diameters were correlated with both LV dimension (LVDd and LVDs) and LV volume index (LVEDVI and LVESVI). The progress of interstitial fibrosis was correlated with LV volume index. Five of the 9 patients with massive myocardial hypertrophy (in all cases, muscle cell diameter was greater than 30 microns) did not show any improvement in histological figure after operation and displayed persistent postoperative LV dilatation. Patients with either LVDd greater than 75mm and LVDs greater than 55mm or LVEDVI greater than 200ml/m2 and LVESVI greater than 100ml/m2, whose hearts showed massive myocardial hypertrophy and severe fibrosis, tended to have postoperative cardiac dysfunction. In pressure-overloaded hearts, the muscle cell diameters were correlated with LVPWTh and LVESVI. Noteworthily, fibrosis and degeneration of muscle fibers were slight as compared with advanced myocardial hypertrophy. PMID- 3226406 TI - [Distribution of recurrent lesions after radical resection of cancer of the thoracic esophagus]. AB - In 150 patients who got cancer recurrence after curative resection for cancer of the thoracic esophagus, the sites where recurrent lesions were clinically detected for the first time were examined. The distribution of recurrent lesions in patients who did not undergo neck dissection at the operation (group A) differed from the distribution in those who underwent neck dissection (group B). Cervical and/or upper mediastinal recurrence occurred in 49% of cases in group A and in 11% of group B. On the contrary, middle or lower mediastinal recurrence was more often in group B. The distribution of recurrent lesions varied depending on the state of lymph node metastasis detected at surgery. Cervical and upper mediastinal recurrence was much more frequent than hematogenic recurrence in cases without lymph node involvement in group A, while hematogenic recurrence was more frequent in cases with both mediastinal and abdominal lymph node metastasis. In the upper mediastinum, recurrence along the recurrent laryngeal nerves was most frequent and it was supposed to have developed from residual lymphatic metastases. In the middle and lower mediastinum, recurrent lesions were located around the left main bronchus and descending aorta, and cancer infiltration of the neighboring organs was frequent. Recurrence at the abdominal paraaortic nodes was observed mainly in cases with perigastric lymph node involvement. PMID- 3226407 TI - [Problems in therapy of thoracic esophageal cancer in view of recurrence in the lymph nodes]. AB - The forms of recurrence from the first onset were confirmed in 171 out of 776 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer excised at our Department from 1959 to 1987; 87 patients (50.9%) had recurrence in the lymph nodes. Postoperative radiation in order to prevent recurrence in the lymph nodes was useful for the prevention of recurrence in the cervical lymph nodes, but radiation myelopathy/radiation pneumonitis might be of therapeutic difficulty in patients with recurrence in the areas of radiation. Moreover, patients treated by irradiation were apt to be involved in visceral recurrence. Incidence of recurrence in the lymph nodes was less in patients who had dissection in three areas than that in patients who received dissection in one or two. However, recurrence was observed in the border region between the cervix and the thorax, on the left side of the trachea, in the anterior portion and on the left side of the hilum in the areas of dissection. Useful postoperative chemotherapy is desirable in consideration of the fact that recurrence in the lymph nodes was observed at the posterior region of the pharynx, at the temporal region and in the pelvis and that dissemination and visceral recurrence were increased. PMID- 3226408 TI - [Evaluation of the treatment of thoracic esophageal carcinoma by the pattern of recurrence]. AB - Among 599 cases of radical esophagectomy 521 cases were examined for recurrent disease. The most common site of recurrence was in the lymph nodes and the second was in the distant organ. One hundred and forty eight patients underwent esophagectomy and esophago-gastric anastomosis in the thoracic cavity, and 421 underwent esophagectomy through the right chest cavity with anastomosis in the neck. Cancer recurred in the lymph nodes of 81 patients in the former group, and 182 in the latter. One hundred and forty eight patients underwent esophagectomy with limited lymphadenectomy, 95 underwent esophagectomy with peri-cardiac and total mediastinal lymph adenectomy, and 46 underwent esophagectomy with lymph adenectomy throughout the entire mediastinum, peri-cardiac area and bilateral neck. The rate of recurrence was 63.8% in the first group, 37.5% in the second and 21.7% in the third. The decrease of rate was largely accounted for by decreased recurrence in the lymph nodes. Twenty three patients received postoperative irradiation only, and 28 received postoperative chemotherapy alone. Among these, 4 (17.4%) and 3 (10.7%) developed recurrences in lymph nodes respectively. These results indicate that the wide lymphadenectomy and postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be effective in preventing recurrence of esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 3226409 TI - [Improved treatment of thoracic esophageal cancer based on a retrospective study of recurrence following resection]. AB - Recurrence after resection of thoracic esophageal cancer was classified according to site of recurrence into 5 categories; 1) local recurrence, 2) recurrence at the anastomotic site, 3) recurrence in cervical or mediastinal lymph nodes, 4) recurrence in abdominal lymph nodes and 5) distant organ metastasis. Although the combined resection of the trachea or aorta was performed in several cases with local extension, its clinical results were not superior to those from palliative resection. To prevent recurrence at the anastomotic site, we performed either pharyngeal anastomosis with laryngectomy or esophageal anastomosis just below the larynx. However, such anastomosis just below the larynx was liable to cause aspiration pneumonia. To prevent lymph node recurrence in the neck or mediastinum, we performed cervical and mediastinal lymph node dissection. However, lymph node recurrence in the upper mediastinum of the left side was occasionally observed in case receiving this operation, with lymph node recurrence being decreased by postoperative irradiation, though prognosis was not always improved. Anti-cancer agents CDDP and VDS or 5Fu were effective. To prevent abdominal lymph node recurrence, we recommend that abdominal lymph node dissection is necessarily performed as for cardiac cancer. To prevent distant organ metastasis, we recommend anti-cancer therapy following radical lymph node dissection. PMID- 3226410 TI - [Surgical therapeutic problems of thoracic esophageal carcinoma with special reference to the postoperative recurrent type]. AB - The purpose of this study is to analyze an actual status of postoperative recurrences and to discuss some problems in surgical treatment of patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma. One hundred and one (21.8%) of 464 patients who underwent an esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal carcinoma were selected for this investigation. They were classified into three groups depending on the initial recurrent type of the cancerous lesions. 1. Lymphogenic type, consisting of 47 cases (46.5%) with the recurrence of the carcinoma. The cervical and upper mediastinal lymph nodes were favorite sites of lymphogenic recurrence. 2. Hematogenous type, 42 cases (41.6%) with organic recurrence. Of these, pulmonary lesions were encountered in 19 patients (45.2%) and bone in 11 (26.2%). 3. Disseminating type, 12 cases (11.9%) with cancerous dissemination. All patients had the recurrent lesions on the pleura except one patient who had on the peritoneum. One of the characteristic features in the carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus seems to be high incidence of lymphogenic and hematogenous recurrences. It should be, therefore, taken in consideration to perform a systematic radical lymphadenectomy and to devise an effective multidisciplinary treatment combined with surgery. PMID- 3226411 TI - [Improvement of treatment of carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus, especially in reference to the transition in postoperative combined therapy]. AB - It has become clear that postoperative combined therapy performed in our department has improved the prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus and changed the pattern of recurrence. In cases of postoperative radioimmunochemotherapy (a combination of 4000 rad of irradiation, with administration of 5-Fu and bleomycin, and the prescription of OK-432 and/or PSK after irradiation) was effective in preventing recurrence. In cases of n1(+) and n2(+), such therapy was effective in controlling local recurrence such as cervical and thoracic nodes. However, the 5-year survival rate of this group was 44.3%, indicating a need for more effective postoperative therapy. Thus, new radiochemoimmunotherapy (irradiation 4000R, 15-30mg/m2 x 2 CDDP, 2mg/body x 2 VDS) combined with three kinds of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-II (IL-II) and interferon (IFN)-alpha has been applied in cases of n1(+), n2(+). Postoperative aggressive chemotherapies (old protocol, PAM treatment with a combination of Pepleomycin, Adriamycin and Mitomycin: Or new protocol, F.CAV treatment with a combination of 5-Fu, CDDP, Adriamycin and Vindesine) were effective in improving the prognosis of patients with n3(+) and n4(+). The 5-year survival rate improved from 2.7% with other therapies to 20. 5% with this therapy. PMID- 3226412 TI - [Postoperative therapy of recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma]. AB - Some 218 resected cases and 43 autopsied cases after resection during the last 13 years were analyzed with regard to the mode of recurrence and survival. Several factors were investigated with the following results. 1) Extensive clearance of upper mediastinal lymph nodes during radical surgery may reduce the incidence of tumor recurrence. It is preferable to remove the cervical lymph node, however, after positive metastasis to cervical lymph node. 2) Beginning in 1981, interstitial brachytherapy of 192Ir seed assemblies using afterloading techniques was administered to two patients with esophageal carcinoma infiltrating the aorta and four patients infiltrating the trachea and main bronchus which were not completely resected in either case due to invasion of adjacent organs. No significant difference in life-prolongation was observed, but it may have been effective for prevention of localized recurrence in cases with aortic infiltration and with infiltration of the trachea and bronchus. 3) From 1984, eleven patients with recurrent squamous cell esophageal carcinoma were treated with combination chemotherapy sandwiched with irradiation (CDDP/5FU-RT-CDDP/5FU). Eight patients (73%) had complete or partial response, and six patients survived over one year after combination chemotherapy sandwiched with irradiation. Combination chemotherapy sandwiched with irradiation appears to be effective in the treatment of patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Toxic effects are moderate and manageable. PMID- 3226413 TI - [Future of the Japan Surgical Society]. PMID- 3226414 TI - [Lymph node metastasis of early gastric cancer and lymph node dissection]. AB - Five hundred and four cases of early gastric cancer and their status of lymph node metastases were analyzed. The patients were classified into 4 groups by age; Group A: Younger than 50 years, Group B: 50-59, Group C: 60-69 and Group D: Over 70 years. The tumors were divided into 2 histologic groups, differentiated type and undifferentiated type. The results are as follows. 1. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was 2.4% in mucosal cancer and 17.1% in submucosal cancer. 2. The incidence of lymph node metastasis in Group D was remarkably lower compared to that in other younger groups. 3. No lymph node metastasis was found in mucosal cancer of differentiated type. 4. Positive node was usually found in the regional nodes near the tumor and in the nodes adjacent to the left gastric artery. 5. Extended lymph node dissection is not necessary for the patient over 70 years and for mucosal cancer of differentiated type. PMID- 3226415 TI - [Modified operation for early gastric cancer; rationale, technic and results]. AB - During 1964 to 1976, standard operation, which consisted of subtotal or total gastric resection, extended dissection of lymph node and omentobursectomy, was performed for early gastric cancer. The result was satisfactory, i.e., 5 year relative survival rate was 95.2 per cent. But there were very few lymph-node metastases, which localized almost perigastric, no marked infiltration into the esophagus in cases of early cancer in the cardiac region. Macroscopic determination about the margin of the cancer was well compatible with microscopic one. The recurrent cases seemed to be due to hematogenous metastasis. These suggest that an extended lymph-node dissection, omentobursectomy and thoracotomy are not necessary for the early cancer. Proximal gastric resection and pylorus preserving gastric resection were indicated in some cases. In addition, the diagnosis of the early cancer, especially about the depth of invasion into the gastric wall, was accurate except for the early cancers which contained ulcerous lesion. Since 1977 modified operation for the early cancer has been applied. At this operation, lymph-node dissection was limited to perigastric region, omentobursectomy was omitted and the pancreas and spleen preserved. Through this method the operative time and blood unit have been much spared and the 5 year postoperative relative survival rate has improved, i.e., 100 per cent. It is concluded that the modified operation should be performed for the early gastric cancer. PMID- 3226416 TI - [Stratified removal of the lymph nodes during resection of advanced carcinoma in the upper part of the stomach]. AB - In 1625 cases of advanced gastric carcinoma in the upper part of the stomach, the R2-removal of the lymph nodes was performed combined with splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy. Five-year survival rate was, however, not satisfactory: 48.4%. Results of our study with double isotope method showed that all of the lymphatic flow finally went to the para-aortic lymph nodes (n16). The results may indicate the importance of distinguishing three categories from the viewpoint of lymphatic flow. The new way of operation with lymph nodes removal as far as the third stratum was applied to 109 cases with advanced gastric carcinoma. Here the intervention to the third stratum means the removal of n16 lymph nodes. The five year survival rate improved to 64.8%. The value was significantly higher than that of the cases without removal of n16 (p less than 0.01). However, the results confined to cases with positive lymph nodes metastases to n16 were not yet satisfactory. This may lead to the conclusion that the removal of the n16 lymph nodes will not promise the improvement of prognosis if metastases to the n16 lymph nodes were already apparent at operation. Therefore, the validity of removing the lymph nodes as far as the third stratum will be limited for the cases in which metastases are within the first and second strata. PMID- 3226417 TI - [Extension and reduction of surgery of cancer occupying mainly the upper third part of the stomach--indications and limitations]. AB - To improve the therapeutic result of patients with advanced carcinoma of the upper third of the stomach, it is necessary to extend further the range of resection and dissection especially in case of invading the lower esophagus with serosal involvement. The extended surgery consists of the following: abdominophrenicotomy or abdominothoractomy, lower esophagectomy and total gastrectomy, dissecting completely the second group of nodes combined with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, a block resection of adjacent organs in case of direct invasion, and even dissection of nodes in the lower mediastinum, within the hepatoduodenal ligament, behind the head of the pancreas and along the superior mesenteric vein. Operative procedures are, however, to be palliative in case of moderate or severe peritoneal or hepatic involvements or distant metastasis to the fourth group of nodes. Reduced procedures in case of no serosal invasion nor lymph node metastasis consist of 1/2 proximal gastrectomy and of dissection of the first group of nodes especially in superficial carcinoma. However, in cases free from serosal invasion but with metastasis to the first group of nodes or in cases with a slight serosal invasion, total gastrectomy with dissection up to the second group of nodes is recommended. PMID- 3226418 TI - [Modified radical lymph node dissection in the treatment of gastric cancer invading the gastric serosa]. AB - The improvement in prognosis for patients with advanced gastric cancer may be attributable to the success of the extensive lymph node dissection and adjuvant anticancer chemotherapy. In the present study, however, we found that the postoperative long-term prognosis for patients with gastric cancer invading the gastric serosa was not improved even by more extensive lymph node removal (R3 removal) than secondary lymph node removal (R2-removal). This difference indicates that serosal invasion by cancer, which is a source of exfoliating cancer cells and is closely related to peritoneal metastasis, is another factor influencing the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Actually, in patients with gastric cancer who had serosal invasion, free cancer cells were frequently detected in the peritoneal cavity by means of pelvic lavage. We introduced continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) with an anticancer drug as a prophylactic treatment for peritoneal recurrence after surgery for gastric cancer. In the randomized control study, the cumulative 5-year survival rate of patients in the CHPP group was better than that of the control group, although there was no significant difference. Based on the above, we suggest that in gastric cancer with serosal invasion, selective removal of Group 3 lymph nodes according to the location of the primary cancer lesion (modified radical lymph node dissection) and prophylactic treatment for peritoneal metastasis promise better outcome. PMID- 3226419 TI - ["Super-extensive lymph node dissection" for advanced gastric cancer]. AB - Our "super-extensive lymph node dissection" (SELD) for gastric cancer is designed to remove the nodes as thoroughly as possible from the n4-area, i.e., para-aortic area from diaphragmatic crus to IMA, and para-superior mesenteric trunk. One hundred and sixty three cases of gastric cancer, treated with SELD is reviewed. 1) ps (+) cases had n4 metastasis in 25.8%, incidence being compatible to n1 or n2 cases. 2) Prognosis was relatively good in the cases whose cancer positive rate of the dissected n4 lymph nodes was found below 25%. 3) Recurrence was noted in the remaining lymph nodes in the cases, whose rate of lymph node metastasis had been high in preceding surgery. This fact seems to warrant SELD for advanced gastric cancer. 4) SELD however, was accompanied by the longer duration of surgery with more blood loss and by higher incidence of complications, than conventional R2, R3 dissection. PMID- 3226420 TI - [A clinicopathological study on conservative surgery and extended surgery for gastric cancer]. AB - There are two problems in conservative surgery for early gastric cancer. 1) To resect the stomach at a sufficient surgical margin, brushing cytodiagnosis of the gastric mucosa and frozen section examination at the stump are performed during operation. After all these examinations, the stomach is resected at a sufficient margin because of the possibility of multifocal cancer. 2) Regarding lymph node dissection, only N1 lymph nodes are to be removed in minute cancer (less than 5mm in diameter) which have no lymph node metastasis (0%). Thirty-one cases of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer which underwent left upper abdominal evisceration plus Appleby's method (LUAE + Apl) were compared with 31 patients who had undergone total gastrectomy with pancreatico-splenectomy (TG) before LUAE + Apl series. The 3-year survival rate in stage II-III cases was higher with LUAE + Apl (77.8%) than with TG (35.0%). There was no difference between the two groups in the incidence of postoperative complications or the function after operation. Angiography must be performed before conducting operations by LUAE + Apl preventing liver necrosis. And for patients aged over 70, we propose to reduce the procedure of LUAE + Apl. PMID- 3226421 TI - Characterization of the gene for the Fe-protein of the vanadium dependent alternative nitrogenase of Azotobacter vinelandii and construction of a Tn5 mutant. AB - A sequence homologous to the conventional nifH gene has been cloned from a different region of the Azotobacter vinelandii genome. Tn5 insertions were obtained in this clone and the mutagenized plasmid was used for marker exchange with A. vinelandii strain CA12 (delta nifHDK) to obtain Tn5 mutants. These mutants exhibited a Nif- phenotype in the presence of vanadium, unlike CA12 which was Nif+ on vanadium-containing medium. The gene in the cloned nifH-like region is therefore apparently involved in the vanadium dependent alternative pathway of nitrogen fixation. This gene, nifH2, has been sequenced and encodes a protein of 289 amino acids that is similar to nifH in nucleotide sequence, deduced amino acid sequence, predicted secondary structure and hydrophobicity profile. A second open reading frame downstream of nifH2 codes for a protein of 64 amino acids, similar to the ferredoxin (Fd)-like protein encoded downstream of nifH* in A. chroococum. Sequence analysis suggests that the nifH2 and Fd-like genes are in a single operon. PMID- 3226422 TI - Structural and functional analysis of mitochondrial plasmids in Claviceps purpurea. AB - Several strains of Claviceps purpurea, a phytopathogenic Ascomycete, contain mitochondrial (mt) plasmids in high molar excess relative to mtDNA. Comparative analysis of plasmids of four strains of different geographic origin revealed that all the plasmids are structurally related (size; linearity; restriction map; probably 5'-linked terminal protein; terminal inverted repeats, TIRs); two of them are even identical, indicating a possible mobility of these genetic entities. In strain K it was shown that plasmid titres are comparably high in axenic cultures and in parasitic structures (sclerotia). Detailed analysis of plasmid pClK1 proved the existence of a perfect TIR of 327 bp; the plasmid's structure and details of its nucleotide sequence indicate a replication modus comparable to that of adenoviruses. pClK1 is almost completely transcribed resulting in two major transcripts of 3.5 and 3.15 kb, respectively. In plasmid free strains (cured by ethidium bromide treatment) these mRNAs are not detectable; nevertheless they show no significant difference in phenotype. As judged from their structural properties they could be derived from viral ancestors. In this context the plasmids' close relationship to mt plasmids of higher plants may be of special interest. PMID- 3226423 TI - Dissection of 5' upstream sequences for selective expression of the Nicotiana plumbaginifolia rbcS-8B gene. AB - We have previously isolated and characterized a gene (rbcS-8B) from the wild-type species Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase. Using transgenic N. plumbaginifolia as a host, we found that a 5' upstream region (-1038 to +32) of rbcS-8B contains all the sequences required for organ-specific and light-dependent expression of the gene. Here we report a detailed analysis of the 5' upstream region of rbcS-8B. Gene transfer experiments indicate that the region between -1038 to -102 contains at least two enhancer-like elements. The proximal element located between -312 and -102, confers organ-specific and light-inducible expression upon a reporter gene and closely resembles previously identified elements in other light-responsive plant genes. The distal element with novel characteristics is located between -1038 and -589. It can enhance expression from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, but only when the -90 to -46 region of the 35S promoter is present. It confers on the heterologous promoter the organ-specificity of a typical rbcS gene but the enhanced transcription in leaves is insensitive to light. These experiments show for the first time that organ-specificity and light-responsiveness can be determined by separable cis-regulatory elements. The implications for the regulation of light-responsive genes are discussed. PMID- 3226424 TI - In vivo generation of R68.45-pPGH1 hybrid plasmids conferring a Phl+ (meta pathway) phenotype. AB - Plasmid pPGH1 originating from Pseudomonas putida strain H carries all the genes required for the degradation of phenol (or cresols) via the meta cleavage pathway. Besides mobilization of pPGH1 by a plasmid of the incompatibility group P-1, hybrid plasmids conferring the Phl+ phenotype could be selected, when R68.45 was the conjugative plasmid. The hybrids contain the complete R68.45 and part of pPGH1. Integration of Phl-DNA of pPGH1 into R68.45 occurred exclusively via the IS21 region of R68.45. PMID- 3226425 TI - Organ regulated expression of Parasponia andersonii haemoglobin gene in transgenic tobacco plants. AB - Plant haemoglobin genes are known to occur in legume and non-legume families and in both nodulating (e.g., Parasponia andersonii) and non-nodulating species (e.g., Trema tomentosa). Their presence in non-nondulating plants raises the possibility that haemoglobins might serve a function in non-symbiotic tissues distinct from their role in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules induced by micro organisms. We report here that a P. andersonii haemoglobin promoter can regulate expression of either the P. andersonii haemoglobin gene, or a hybrid construct with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat), in the non symbiotic plant, Nicotiana tabacum. Expression is predominantly in the roots, implying that haemoglobins might have a function in roots of non-nodulated plants. We have also observed a low level of haemoglobin protein in non-nodulated P. andersonii roots, but not leaves, supporting this assertion. The expression in transgenic plants will allow further characterization of the promoter sequences essential for the organ-specific expression of haemoglobins in non-symbiotic tissues. PMID- 3226426 TI - Achievement in the first 2 years of school: patterns and processes. AB - How successfully children adapt to the routine of schooling in the first grade or two likely has long-term implications for their cognitive and affective development. This study aims to understand how home and school factors either facilitate or impede this process of adaptation by examining longitudinal data on cognitive performance for a large and diverse sample of youngsters over grades 1 and 2 in Baltimore City Public Schools. Report-card marks in reading and mathematics and scores on verbal and quantitative subtests of the California Achievement Test (CAT) battery over the 2-year period are the achievement criteria. The analysis directs attention to some of the social-structural (socioeconomic background, gender, and minority/majority status) and social psychological (significant others and self-reactions) factors that shape youngsters' development during this period, as measured by changes in their cognitive standing. Racial comparisons (black youngsters vs. white) and comparisons by school year (first vs. second) highlight some key differences in the transition to full-time schooling. We find more numerous social-structural and social-psychological influences on CAT gains over the first year than over the second, and fall to spring stability in testing levels is more pronounced in the second year than in the first. This pattern identifies the first year of schooling as a period of considerable consequence for shaping subsequent achievement trajectories, and, for this reason, it may be especially important as a key to understanding black-white achievement differences. Minority and majority youngsters in this sample began school with similar CAT averages, but, by the end of the first year, blacks' performances lagged noticeably behind those of whites, and the cleavage widened over the second year. Blacks also received lower report card marks than whites. This, along with smaller CAT gains, reveals that the transition to school is more problematic for blacks than it is for whites. We also observed stronger persistence of blacks' marks from one period to the next, indicating that recovering from these initial difficulties is more challenging. Social-psychological aspects of these early achievement patterns also differ by race in important ways: blacks' achievements are less influenced by parent variables than are those of whites, and black youngsters' self-expectations are less affected by the expectations held for them by their parents than are those of whites. These results and others are discussed in terms of their implications for students' development and for what they reveal about social structure in relation to the early schooling process. PMID- 3226427 TI - Longitudinal structure and innervation of two mammalian hindlimb muscles. AB - The possibility of a topographic relationship between the spinal cord and the longitudinal axis of a muscle has been explored in two mammalian hamstring muscles: the rat semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF). In both muscles the fibers did not extend the full length of the respective muscle bellies but were arranged in longitudinal arrays. There were two such arrays in BF and three in ST; monopolar recordings revealed that each array had a transverse band of endplates extending across the middle part. By stimulating ventral nerve roots in the lumbosacral outflow, it was found that L5 made the greatest contribution to the innervation of both ST and BF, with lesser inputs coming from adjacent roots. In neither ST or BF was there any evidence of a topographic relationship between the spinal cord and the muscle belly. PMID- 3226428 TI - Fatigue-related changes in neuromuscular excitability of rat hindlimb muscles. AB - Brief repetitive trains of supramaximal nerve stimulation produce intermittent muscle activation and, in time, a progressive decline in force (i.e., neuromuscular fatigue) and depression of the electromyogram (EMG). These changes may include within-train reductions in EMG due to a failure of neuromuscular propagation. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in EMG during a 360-second stimulus regimen designed to fatigue soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of anesthetized rats by activating the muscle with repetitive trains of 40 Hz stimuli. Measurements included peak force for each tetanus, variation of the within-train EMG (coefficient of variation for area), and magnitude of the first EMG waveform (area) of each train. Fatigue was characterized as the relative decline in force over the course of the test. The responses of the test muscles were categorized, based on an absolute scale of fatigability, into five groups: potentiated, nonfatigable, low fatigability, intermediate fatigability, and high fatigability. Fatigable muscles (low, intermediate, and high fatigability groups) demonstrated a decreased EMG magnitude and an increased EMG-area variation with repetitive activation. This increased variation, however, was nonmonotonically related to fatigability such that the least and most fatigable muscles had the smallest within-train EMG variation. We suggest that these data can be explained by considering the EMG (compound muscle action potential) as a stochastic process that represents a composite of single-fiber events (axonal to sarcolemmal transmission) with variable probabilities. PMID- 3226430 TI - Posterior femoral cutaneous neuralgia. AB - A middle-aged male developed a right posterior femoral cutaneous neuralgia that persisted for 10 years without any associated neurologic, electrophysiologic, or radiologic findings. Five years after onset, surgical exploration of the subgluteal area identified a venous malformation surrounding the nerve. The syndrome appears unique and exemplifies all major aspects of the sensory distribution of the nerve complex. PMID- 3226429 TI - Selected IgG rapidly induces Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome in mice: complement independence and EMG abnormalities. AB - Antibodies in individual patients with the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LES) differ in their reactivity with mouse motor nerve terminals. Of 26 LES patients' sera injected a single time into mice, 3 caused a highly significant reduction in stimulus-dependent quantal release (m) of acetylcholine (ACh) (to 6, 33, and 42 quanta per impulse at 1 Hz, respectively; mean for 10 control sera, 100 quanta at 1 Hz). The most potent serum (LES-A) was fully effective in mice deficient in complement component C5 and in mice depleted of complement components C3----C9 by cobra venom factor. A single i.v. injection of serum reduced m in direct proportion to log dose. Responses to K+ depolarization and increasing concentrations of Ca2+ were like those observed in human LES. With LES A serum, or its IgG, m was reduced near maximally in 1 day and plateaued in 3-4 days. Recovery began after day 8; m was in the normal range by day 20-30. Electromyographic (EMG) abnormalities were not seen until m fell below 40 quanta per impulse at 1 Hz. Below 10 quanta, clinical signs of weakness appeared, and the EMG abnormalities were those classically associated with LES: a marked reduction of compound muscle action potential to a single nerve stimulus in rested muscle, a further decrement during stimulation at slow rates, but marked facilitation during rapid repetitive stimulation. PMID- 3226431 TI - Relationship of age and sex to sensory conduction of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel and association of slowed conduction with symptoms. AB - A cross-sectional study of 471 randomly selected employees from 4 industries was performed to assess the prevalence of slowing of sensory conduction of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel as well as the effect of age and sex on slowing. The association between slowed conduction and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was also evaluated. Slowing was identified in 17% of the subjects and in 11% of the hands. The prevalence and the severity of slowing increased with increasing age of the subjects. Slowed conduction occurred more often among the women in the study, but this was shown to be an effect of age and not of sex. Slowing occurred six times more often in hands with symptoms of CTS than in those not reporting symptoms. PMID- 3226432 TI - X-linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy with 15 cases in a family genetic linkage study. AB - A large CMT family with 5 affected males and 10 affected females of 37 members in four generations was investigated by recombinant DNA studies. The proband patient in his original description of the pedigree indicated male-to- male transmission in one of his relatives, suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance. The genetic linkage study between the CMT locus and the loci of six markers mapped on chromosome 1 (FY, APCS, AT3, REN, APOA2, and GBA) gave negative results. These findings prompted further pedigree investigation which proved that male-to-male transmission was not present. A genetic linkage study with DXYS1, which is a DNA marker mapped on the long arm of the chromosome X, revealed tight linkage with z = 3.15 at theta = 0.10. PMID- 3226433 TI - Changes in center of gravity in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - A study was undertaken, using methods of stabilometry to compare stability of stance in normal children (n = 37) and those with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (n = 61). The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in the locus of the center of gravity and the range and frequency of sway and to evaluate the effect of orthotic application in an attempt to obtain information that would assist further development of orthoses. In group 1, boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who were still walking without assistance (mean age 7.2 +/- 1.76 years), the analysis of sway showed that, between 5 and 6 years of age, the boys already had ranges of anteroposterior (A/P) and lateral (Lat) sway that were significantly greater than those found in normal children (A/P P less than 0.05, Lat P less than 0.01). In group 2, boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy when orthoses had been introduced (n = 23, mean age 10.4 +/- 1.47 years), the center of gravity was returned to a more normal position. There was a reduction of the anteroposterior range of sway, but the lateral range of sway remained significantly greater (P less than 0.01) as did the frequency of sway in both the anteroposterior and lateral directions (A/P P less than 0.001, Lat P less than 0.001). PMID- 3226434 TI - A comparison of EMG procedures in the carpal tunnel syndrome with clinical-EMG correlations. AB - One hundred and twenty-two patients were selected on the basis of symptoms of finger numbness and tingling thought to suggest carpal tunnel syndrome. The severity of the symptoms was graded and the patients were studied with seven established EMG procedures, motor inching to the abductor pollicis brevis and second lumbrical muscles, and sensory inching. Symptom severity was compared with the degree of nerve conduction abnormality and results from symptomatic hands with those abnormal results from patient's asymptomatic hands. Motor inching to the abductor pollicis brevis muscle was the most sensitive study and, when combined with sensory inching, gave a sensitivity of 97-100% (depending on symptom severity). Motor inching to the second lumbrical muscle alone detected the lesion site in several severely involved nerves. Guidelines are suggested with which one can estimate the likelihood that a patient's finger sensory symptoms are on the basis of carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 3226435 TI - Symposium: new developments in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic fungal infections. Utrecht, December 9, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3226436 TI - [Coordinate control of cell growth and transport functions in a kidney cell line]. AB - Several protein kinases have been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Molecules, regulating the activity of these protein kinases, also effect the activity of certain transport systems. Genetic experiments, suggesting a similar connection between the regulation of cell growth and transport functions in MDCK cells, are discussed. PMID- 3226437 TI - Significant correlations between atmospherics and the in vivo incorporation of 3H thymidine into the nuclear DNA of liver cells. PMID- 3226438 TI - Size constancy and oculomotor modulation of perifoveal light-difference threshold. PMID- 3226440 TI - Food irradiation. PMID- 3226439 TI - Neuronal coding of azimuthal sound direction in the auditory midbrain of the pigeon. PMID- 3226441 TI - The need for responsible legislation to address salient issues potentially raised by food irradiation. PMID- 3226442 TI - Two-bone fractures of the forearm and the dilemma of closed treatment. PMID- 3226443 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst. PMID- 3226444 TI - Effect of short-term inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 3226445 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: clinical course and response to therapy in twelve patients. PMID- 3226446 TI - Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis with uveitis and favourable outcome after five months of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PMID- 3226447 TI - Lymphatic obstruction as a cause of oedema in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3226448 TI - The therapeutic potential of plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PMID- 3226449 TI - Histological subclassification of the nodular sclerotic type of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3226450 TI - Maintenance treatment with desferrioxamine via subcutaneous injections in a patient with HbE thalassaemia. PMID- 3226451 TI - Fibrosing mediastinitis. PMID- 3226452 TI - Measuring the volume density of the glomerular mesangium. AB - Volume density (Vv) is a morphometric parameter used to detect pathological changes within renal tissue. To establish the most efficient technique, Vv of the mesangium in renal biopsies was studied. First, a digitizing tablet was used to trace mesangial and total glomerular areas, subsequently used to calculate Vv of the mesangium. Secondly, a point counting technique was tested using either a 16 point or an 81-point grid; the number of grid points falling on the mesangium and glomerulus was used to calculate mesangial Vv. The digitizing tablet, the 81 point grid and the 16-point grid all gave equivalent Vv for the 15 biopsies. The 81-point grid and the 16-point grid were, respectively, 1.9 and 3.2-fold faster than the digitizing tablet. Since all techniques gave comparable results, the 16 point grid was the most efficient. PMID- 3226453 TI - Linkage of X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with DXS52, a polymorphic DNA marker. AB - In five families with X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), linkage studies with the DNA marker DXS52, defined by probe St14, have shown no recombination with a maximum combined lod score of 6.40. These results assign the NDI gene to the subtelomeric region of the X chromosome long arm. This finding should facilitate identification of carriers and should also be helpful in finding the NDI gene itself. PMID- 3226454 TI - Direct calculation of KT/V. A simplified approach to monitoring of hemodialysis. AB - KT/V, the normalized whole-body urea clearance, is becoming accepted as a standard measurement for monitoring the adequacy of hemodialysis. Current methods for its calculation are limited by inaccurate knowledge of dialyzer urea clearance (K) and urea volume of distribution (V). We report a simple formula for calculation of KT/V from pre-, post- and mid-dialysis blood urea nitrogen. Evaluation of 37 hemodialysis treatments by measurement of total dialysate urea revealed that (1) urea kinetic modeling consistently overestimated V; (2) conventional arteriovenous sampling overestimated K by a mean of 23%, and (3) KT/V derived from the simple formula was compared to values generated by four other methods and found to more precisely estimate true KT/V. PMID- 3226455 TI - Serum ferritin and hemochromatosis alleles in chronic hemodialysis patients. AB - There have been some reports on the risk of developing hemosiderosis in hemodialysis patients when heavily transfused and simultaneously possessing hemochromatosis alleles (HA). We evaluated 99 patients on chronic hemodialysis estimating their serum ferritin (SF) levels, transfusion rate, and prevalence of HLA A3, B7 and B14 alleles, which are considered to be more frequent in idiopathic hemochromatosis. We analyzed the patients as a whole group and also separately as low or high transfusion groups. There was no correlation between the number of HA and the mean SF levels. The presence of HA is not a risk factor for the development of hemosiderosis when excessive transfusions and parenteral iron administration are avoided. PMID- 3226456 TI - Mechanism of hypouricemia in Hodgkin's disease. Isolated defect in postsecretory reabsorption of uric acid. AB - We present a patient with hypouricemia associated with Hodgkin's disease. Serum uric acid level ranged from 1.4 to 2.2 mg/dl and fractional excretion of uric acid was 26.5%. No other renal tubular abnormalities were found. The pyrazinamide suppression test came off normal. However, during the benzbromarone test, the uricosuric response was reduced. The abnormal renal handling of urate became normal following therapy of Hodgkin's disease. The findings suggest that hypouricemia in Hodgkin's disease is caused by an impairment of postsecretory tubular reabsorption of uric acid. PMID- 3226457 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of iron overload in children treated with peritoneal dialysis. AB - The ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect iron overload in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was studied in 18 multiply transfused patients, aged 15.5 +/- 4.8 years, and 5 nontransfused children without evidence of renal disease. In the transfused patients, the serum ferritin (SF) level was compared to (a) a subjective rating of signal intensity of MRI images (scale of 0-10), (b) mean T1 values of liver and spleen, and (c) computer assisted measurements of spin echo intensity (SEI) of liver, spleen, muscle and fat tissue. On subjective evaluation, the mean signal intensity was significantly lower in transfused patients than in controls and a significant correlation with the SF levels was observed for ratings of both liver and spleen. Mean T1 values of liver and spleen did not correlate with the SF levels. On computer analysis, the ratios of SEI of fat/liver, fat/spleen, muscle/liver and muscle/spleen were significantly correlated with the SF levels as well as the subjective evaluation sources. These data indicate that MRI is a suitable technique of documenting the presence and degree of iron overload in multiply transfused children with ESRD. PMID- 3226458 TI - Pharmacological reduction of lymphatic absorption from the peritoneal cavity increases net ultrafiltration and solute clearances in peritoneal dialysis. AB - Lymphatic drainage from the peritoneal cavity occurs mainly via the subdiaphragmatic stomata and significantly reduces net ultrafiltration and solute clearances during long-dwell peritoneal dialysis. Intraperitoneal cholinergic drugs constrict these stomata and may reduce peritoneal cavity lymphatic absorption. We evaluated ultrafiltration kinetics, solute transport, and lymphatic drainage during single hypertonic exchanges in rats using 2.5% dextrose dialysis solution with and without added neostigmine. Net ultrafiltration was enhanced in the neostigmine group (p less than 0.01) by a reduction in cumulative lymphatic absorption (p less than 0.01) and without an increase in total transcapillary ultrafiltration during the dwell time. Likewise solute clearances were significantly augmented with neostigmine primarily due to the increase in dialysate drain volume (p less than 0.01) since dialysate/serum solute ratios were unchanged. Pharmacological manipulation of peritoneal lymphatic absorption provides an alternative means of increasing the efficiency of long-dwell peritoneal dialysis without altering peritoneal transport of solutes and water. PMID- 3226459 TI - Dietary protein manipulation in experimental nephrotic syndrome. AB - Evidence that glomerulosclerosis may be accelerated by high-protein diet and ameliorated by low-protein diet has led to debate concerning appropriate dietary recommendations in nephrotic syndrome. In this study, dietary protein was manipulated in a chronic, non-uraemic experimental model of nephrotic syndrome. Groups of 12 AS rats received 12, 24 or 48% protein diet after nephrotic syndrome was induced by adriamycin. Animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after change of diet when all were normotensive and none were uraemic. Animals on 24 and 48% maintained initial body weight and had persistent nephrosis. There was renal hypertrophy and histology showed tubular casts, focal tubulo-interstitial injury and glomerulosclerosis. Animals on 48% diet had more renal hypertrophy and worse histological damage but no differences in other parameters compared to 24% diet. On a 12% protein diet animals lost 15 +/- 3% of initial body weight (from 221 +/- 6 to 188 +/- 6 g; p less than 0.001). There was less proteinuria (p less than 0.0001), and lower serum cholesterol (p less than 0.0001) and triglyceride (p less than 0.01). Serum albumin was not different but total protein was lower than on 24 and 48% diet (p less than 0.01). Renal histological damage, although less severe than on 48% diet, did not differ from 24% diet. There was fatty infiltration of the liver. In view of the effects of low-protein diet in this model of nephrotic syndrome, dietary protein restriction should be applied with caution in human nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3226460 TI - Canine renal and systemic hemodynamic measurements after 4 weeks of a magnesium deficient diet. AB - To probe renal hemodynamic measurements in relation to simultaneous systemic hemodynamic measurements in normal, adult, conscious dogs on a magnesium deficient diet, 6 experimental animals were given 4 weeks of a magnesium deficient diet compared to 9 animals whose dietary magnesium was normal. Systemic hemodynamics were estimated using a thermodilution catheter, and renal hemodynamics were estimated by standard renal clearance techniques. Electrolytes and hormones were also surveyed in these same animals at the time of hemodynamic measurements. Heart rate was significantly higher in magnesium-deficient dogs, but there were no other systemic hemodynamic differences between the two groups of dogs. Renal blood flow, effective renal plasma flow, and urinary osmolality were significantly higher in the magnesium-deficient animals. Whole-blood ionized calcium and potassium, serum magnesium, and fractional excretion of magnesium were lower in the magnesium-deficient dogs. We conclude that the renal circulation is more sensitive than the systemic circulation to disturbances in magnesium balance. Disturbances of other electrolytes accompanying magnesium deficiency were also confirmed. PMID- 3226461 TI - Fallopian tube capture of a peritoneal dialysis catheter. PMID- 3226462 TI - HLA alleles, hemochromatosis allele, and serum ferritin in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 3226463 TI - Interactions between prostaglandin E2 and D-ala2-met-enkephalinamide on adenylate cyclase activity in the guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion. AB - Crude membrane fractions, obtained from superior cervical ganglia of normal and sympathectomized guinea-pigs, have been used to investigate the role of prostaglandin E2 and D-ala2-met-enkephalinamide in the modulation of ganglionic adenylate cyclase as well as their functional interrelationship. In ganglia from normal animals the enzyme activity was stimulated and inhibited, respectively, by the prostaglandin (10(-4)M) and by the opiate pentapeptide (10(-4)M), while little or no effects were observed in denervated preparations. When the two substances were tested in combination, a supra-additive stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity was obtained both in normal and denervated ganglia. In the latter preparation the opiate increased prostaglandin E2 specific binding, suggesting that the mechanism of supra-additivity could involve interactions at receptors level. Furthermore, the supra-additive stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by the combination of the two drugs was obtained in a narrow range of concentrations since at low prostaglandin E2 doses (10(-7)-10(-6)M) or at very high doses of the opiate (10(-3)M), only the inhibitory effect of D-ala2-met enkephalinamide was evidenced. PMID- 3226464 TI - The incorporation of intracranially injected glycerol into brain glycerides of young rats born to normal and alcohol-fed mothers. AB - Growth alters the ability of rat brain to incorporate [2-3H]glycerol into glycerides; indeed, 12 min after the intracranial administration of the precursor, diglyceride becomes more radioactive in newborn than in 19-day-old brain, the reverse being true for total glycerophospholipid and triglyceride. The ratio between the labeling of phospholipid and that of neutral lipid in the experimental conditions described in this paper is proposed as a marker of brain maturity. The distribution of labeling among phospholipid classes also varies with age, and the increase of labeling in total phospholipid occurring with increasing age is almost entirely due to phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The metabolism of myelin lipids might be responsible for these age-dependent variations. The administration of ethanol to dams during pregnancy and lactation alters the distribution of the label among neutral glycerolipid and total glycerophospholipid in an age-dependent manner. The labeling distribution among phospholipid classes is also affected. PMID- 3226465 TI - An improved purification procedure and properties of casein kinase II from brain. AB - A simple and short purification procedure applicable to casein kinase II has been developed, for fully characterizing the enzyme from calf cerebral cortex cytosol. The procedure consists of four chromatographic steps: DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose, phosvitin-Sepharose and ATP-agarose which yields 87% pure casein kinase II. The purified enzyme shows three major bands with apparent molecular masses of 42, 38, and 27 kDa by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and is self-autophosphorylated on its 27 kDa polypeptide. The enzyme shows all the characteristics described for casein kinase II from other sources: it is independent of cyclic nucleotides, calcium/phospholipids, and double-stranded poly(I).poly(C); it can utilize both ATP and GTP as phosphoryl donors and can phosphorylate both casein and phosvitin but not histone. The kinetic studies establish that the Km for ATP is 12.5 microM and 25.1 microM when using phosvitin and casein respectively as phosphoryl acceptors. The Km for phosvitin is 0.91 mg/ml and for casein 1.43 mg/ml, while the Vmax is 315 nmol/min/per mg protein and 479 nmol/min/per mg protein for phosvitin and casein respectively. The activity of the kinase is highly stimulated by KCl or NaCl, and almost completely inhibited by heparin concentrations of 1 microgram/ml (92%). This inhibition is reduced to only 33% in the presence of optimal KCl concentrations (150 mM). Spermine stimulates enzyme activity, whilst hemin produces a slight inhibition. PMID- 3226467 TI - Cerebral perfusion of metabolic inactivators: a new method for rapid fixation of labile lipid pools in brain. AB - This paper describes a new method for the rapid fixation of labile lipid pools in the brain. Perfusion of the brain with 0.9% saline containing esterase inhibitors (p-bromphenacyl-bromide and diisopropyl fluorophosphate), an antioxidant (nordihydroguaiaretic acid) and a Ca2+ chelator (EDTA) resulted in a substantial reduction in the levels of free fatty acids, a biochemical marker for the degradation of labile membrane lipids. Levels of unesterified polyunsaturated fatty acids in whole brain were decreased by 90-96% as compared to levels in brains perfused with saline alone. Levels of docosahexaenoic acid approximated levels obtained after microwave irradiation. Unlike microwave irradiation, this perfusion technique perserves the cellular structure of the brain, thereby allowing subcellular fractionation with minimal postmortem changes in lipid pools. The release of arachidonic acid during isolation of the P2 (synaptosomal) fraction was completely inhibited by the presence of the metabolic inactivators. The results of this study demonstrate a new and useful technique for the postmortem inactivation of enzymes responsible for the degradation of labile lipids in the brain. Further, the data underscore the key role of phospholipase A2 and Ca2+ in mediating the release and accumulation of free fatty acids in the ischemic brain. PMID- 3226466 TI - Sodium and potassium uptake in primary cultures of proliferating rat astroglial cells induced by short-term exposure to an astroglial growth factor. AB - Primary cultures of rat astroglial cells were maintained in a serum-free medium. After 8-10 days of cultivation the cells were exposed to an astroglial growth factor (AGF2) for short periods (1-120 min). Subsequently, uptake of 22Na+ and 42K+ into control and AGF2-pretreated cells was studied. Assay of the Na+ and K+ values in the cells was also performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Treatment of rat astroglial cells with AGF2 resulted in a significant increase of the uptake of both Na+ and K+ depending on the duration of the exposure period. To reach the maximum increase of cation uptake, 6-10 min and 30 min of AGF2 pretreatment were needed for Na+ and K+, respectively. Amiloride blocked this increase of Na+ and K+ uptake elicited by AGF2 pretreatment, but the control cells were amiloride resistant. Treatment with AGF2 increased the ouabain sensitivity of the K+ uptake as that: 10(-4) M ouabain inhibited K+ uptake of the AGF2-treated cells to the same degree as 5 X 10(-3) M ouabain with the control cells. The Na+ uptake of AGF2-treated cells, however, exhibited no relevant changes in the presence of ouabain. A significant part of the AGF2-induced K+ uptake could be inhibited by both ouabain and amiloride, but a ouabain-resistant and amiloride-sensitive component also was revealed. The furosemide sensitivity of both Na+ and K+ uptake into cultured astroglial cells was also significantly increased by AGF2. Our findings suggest that short-term exposure of cultured glial cells to AGF2 induces these very early ionic events: 1) The appearance of a relevant amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange, and as a consequence of increased Na+ entry into the cells, secondary activation of the ouabain-sensitive K+ uptake via the Na+,K+-pump. 2) A direct effect of AGF2 on the Na+,K+-pump assembly in the membrane, resulting in increased Na+ sensitivity of the inner pump sites and enhanced ouabain sensitivity of the external K+-binding sites. 3) An increase of ouabain-resistant but amiloride- or furosemide-sensitive Na+ and K+ uptake. PMID- 3226468 TI - Changes of mitochondrial membrane proteins in rat cerebellum during aging. AB - Qualitative and quantitative changes of mitochondrial membrane proteins during aging were investigated. Free (non-synaptic) mitochondria were purified from rat cerebellum at different ages (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 months). Mitochondrial outer membrane (OM), inner membrane (IM) and matrix (MX) were separated and the proteins were extracted and analyzed by gel-electrophoresis. After staining, the gels were scanned densitometrically to quantify the proteins. No significant changes in the quantity of OM or MX protein subunits were observed, while several statistically significant quantitative changes in IM proteins with age were found. These age-dependent modifications of inner membrane mitochondrial proteins may play an important role in energy transduction, transport systems and regulatory enzymatic activities in mitochondria. PMID- 3226469 TI - The development of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in normal and hyperphenylalaninemic rat cerebrum. AB - The effect of hyperphenylalaninemia on the development of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in rat cerebrum has been studied. Rats were subjected to the hyperphenylalaninemic regimen as of 5 days of age. A gradual and steady decrease in the number of binding sites for L-[3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate was observed, with the white matter more affected than the gray matter. A return to normal blood phenylalanine levels after the age of 21 days does not lead to an increase in this number of binding sites. PMID- 3226470 TI - The effect of Triton X-100 on bovine brain synaptic membranes. AB - Bovine brain synaptic membranes which were frozen and then extensively washed showed low affinity [3H]muscimol binding. These membranes contained GABA and calmodulin, apparently tightly bound within the membrane fraction. Membranes which were additionally treated with the detergent Triton X-100 showed high affinity [3H]muscimol binding. These membranes did not appear to contain GABA or calmodulin. Transmission electron microscopy studies demonstrated that the washed membrane fraction contained many synaptosomal and vesicular structures. Triton treatment led to the extensive rupture of these structures. These studies explain the well-reported findings of tightly bound GABA and calmodulin in brain membrane fractions, as being due to the entrapment of these compounds inside sealed membrane-bound structures which are still present after a freeze-thaw and extensive wash treatment, their complete removal requiring Triton-treatment to rupture the vesicles. PMID- 3226471 TI - [Value of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of non-concentrated cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis]. AB - Using SDS-PAGE for non-concentrated cerebrospinal fluid investigations connected with immunofixation and silver impregnation of gels the authors found oligoclonal IgG in 39 cases (95%) of clinically reliably diagnosed multiple sclerosis, and in 92.3% of probable multiple sclerosis cases. The number of IgG lines reached 13, while in the control group of neuroses it never exceeded 6-8. Comparative analysis of the IgG spectrum in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in the same multiple sclerosis cases demonstrated different IgG patterns which were only partly similar. Moreover, it was found that the electrophoretic pattern of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in each case of multiple sclerosis had an individual peculiar pattern of Ig spectrum. The use of SDS-PAGE in combination with silver impregnation made possible obtaining of qualitatively very good separation in 10 20 microliters samples of non-concentrated cerebrospinal fluid. The silver impregnation method is 50-100 times more sensitive than the traditional staining of gel with Coomasie Blue R-250. In multiple sclerosis SDS-PAGE of non concentrated cerebrospinal fluid combined with silver impregnation of gel is a very god diagnostic method. PMID- 3226472 TI - [Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in patients with lesions of the peripheral nervous system]. AB - Seventy-one urinary total hydroxyproline determinations were carried out by the Prockop-Udenfried method in 61 patients with central nervous system damage (Bell's palsy, pareses of small muscles or muscle groups caused by damage to peripheral nerves or nerve roots, brachial plexus injury and motor polyneuropathy) and in 45 controls. Significantly raised urinary hydroxyproline excretion was found in cases of brachial plexus injury and severe motor polyneuropathy. This excretion in subgroups of Bell's palsy and damage to single nerves or roots was not significantly different from that in controls. PMID- 3226473 TI - [Usefulness of 24-hour EEG recording in the diagnosis of epilepsy]. AB - The authors observed 45 patients with epileptic seizures, with suspected epilepsy and with other types of seizures recoding the bioelectric activity of the brain during 24 hours on a magnetic tape with a Medilog 9000 Oxford apparatus. Continuous recording, as compared with routine short-lasting recording, increased the detectability of changes in epilepsy from 50% to 83% of cases, that is by over 30%. The method is very useful in the diagnosis of epilepsy and should be applied in particularly difficult cases. PMID- 3226474 TI - [Somatosensory potentials in hemiparkinsonism]. AB - For a trial of explaining of the occurrence of sensory symptoms in Parkinson's disease evoked somatosensory potentials were studied in 10 patients with hemiparkinsonism and paraesthesiae on the side of the parkinsonian signs. Somatosensory evoked potentials were compared after stimulation of the median nerve on the side of parkinsonian signs with those obtained after stimulation of this nerve on the asymptomatic side. No statistically significant differences were found in the latency of various components of the evoked potentials between both sides of the body. Only slight differences were observed in the morphology of the evoked potentials which were difficult for statistical interpretation. PMID- 3226475 TI - [Porencephalia vera in autopsy specimens from the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Academy, in Bialystok 1976-1985]. AB - Morphological and statistical analysis of true porencephaly based on 2793 autopsies of children aged up to 18 years showed 12 cases of porencephaly, accounting for 0.43% of the autopsy material, and 5.2% of all anomalies of the central nervous system in this age group. The greatest number of porencephaly cases (6) was in the age group 3-18 years. The anomaly was twice as frequent in boys (8 cases) than girls (4 cases). Nine cases of porencephaly showed coexistence of other developmental anomalies (75%) mainly with those of central nervous system, especially microecephaly, congenital hydrocephalus, which could indicate a genetic determination of the anomaly. The most frequent associated neurological singn in porencephaly was psychomotor underdevelopment. PMID- 3226476 TI - [Spontaneous and optokinetic nystagmus in lesions of the cerebellar hemispheres]. AB - The reported study was carried out in 48 patients with damage to cerebellar hemispheres. Horizontal spontaneous nystagmus with closed eyes was found in 45.8% ow cases, while it was present in only 14.5% of cases with open eyes. The author thinks that the recorded spontaneous nystagmus was of direct cerebellar origin. No evidence effect was observed of the central compensation on the disappearance of spontaneous nystagmus. The optokinetic nystagmus was found to belong to frequent oculomotor disturbances in lesions of cerebellar hemispheres. PMID- 3226477 TI - [Visual evoked potentials in patients with a history of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage]. AB - The authors present the results of preliminary investigations of visual evoked potentials in patients long after intracerebral haemorrhage. In 32 studied patients prolongation was observed of the latency of waves N1 and N2 as well as P1, and this prolongation was more pronounced in the case of stimulation of the eye contralateral to the hemisphere with the lesion. This asymmetry of latency occurred with similar irregularity in case with all locations of the lacuna, with the exception of the occipital lobe. In the latter case a much greater prolongation of Ni and Pi latency on the affected side. PMID- 3226478 TI - [Conservative treatment of brain abscesses]. AB - The authors present 6 patients with brain abscesses treated conservatively. There were multiple brain abscesses in 4 patients. The patients were in good general condition without marked symptoms of high intracranial pressure. The conservative treatment lasted 4 to 11 weeks under CT control and careful observation of clinical status. 5 patients were cured, 4 of them without any neurological deficit and 1--with visual field defect after bilateral brain abscesses in occipital lobes. 1 patient died in spite of drainage of the biggest of multiple abscesses. The authors confirmed the value of conservative treatment in selected cases of brain abscess, specially in multiple brain abscesses. The early beginning of such treatment seems to be specially important. PMID- 3226479 TI - [Preoperative selective embolization of intracranial meningiomas]. AB - The authors report preliminary experiences with preoperative embolization of intracranial meningiomas describing the technique using a specially prepared gelfoam as embolizing material. Embolization was done in 3 cases, in 2 of them transient facial nerve paresis appeared as complication. The effectiveness of embolization was assessed by means of selective control intraoperative angiography and histological examination. In the conclusions the authors stress the effectiveness of preoperative embolization for reducing intraoperative bleeding and indicate the usefulness of the procedure in selected cases of other brain tumours. PMID- 3226480 TI - [Eales disease and multiple sclerosis. Case report]. AB - The authors report a case of coexistence of Eales disease and multiple sclerosis in which signs of perivenous retinitis preceded by 25 years the appearance of neurological changes. Considering the similarity in the course of both disease and the histological character of perivascular changes the authors suggest presence of a common causative factor and pathological mechanism of the development of clinical changes. PMID- 3226481 TI - [A typical syndrome of the sulco-commissural arteries]. AB - Flaccid tetraparesis was observed in a young woman which was caused by embolism of the anterior medullary artery. Topographic investigations of the spinal arteries were carried out, and pathological examination was done confirming the presence of embolic material which was the cause of medullary ischaemia. PMID- 3226482 TI - [A case of primary lymphoma of the brain]. AB - A case is reported of primary cerebral lymphoma diagnosed intravitally. The characteristic features of this rare tumour are described. PMID- 3226485 TI - [Spinal and medullary DREZ lesions for deafferentation pain]. PMID- 3226483 TI - [Intraoperative complications in neurosurgical patients operated on in a seated position (personal observations)]. AB - Specific intraoperative complications are described which occur as a result of sitting position of the patients: herniation of the cerebellar tonsils into the great occipital foramen in a case of tumour in cerebellar hemisphere and venous air embolism in another case of tumour in the cervical part of the vertebral canal. Attention is called to certain methods of prevention and diagnosis. PMID- 3226484 TI - [A case of neurilemmoma of the L5 spinal nerve root with a clinical and radiculographic picture of intervertebral disk prolapse]. AB - The authors describe a case of neurilemmoma of a nerve root with clinical and radiological manifestations of intervertebral disc prolapse. PMID- 3226486 TI - [Studies of the factors affecting the reduction of chronic subdural hematoma: effect of preoperative factors with special reference to cerebral atrophy]. AB - The authors examined the preoperative factors affecting the reduction of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). A new method was developed to calculate the reduction rate of CSDH using CT volumetry technique. Postoperative serial CT films were examined and each hematoma volume was calculated by microcomputer. A postoperative exponential decrease of hematoma volume was observed, and the log transformation of the hematoma volume turned the curve to a linear decrease. The least square method was used to fit an exponential curve, and the half reduction date (HRD) was calculated from the fitting curve. This HRD represents a mathematical indicator of the reduction rate of CSDH. Using this technique, the relationships between this HRD and the following parameters were examined in 61 patients. The preoperative factors examined are as follows; 1) patient's age, 2) preoperative hematoma volume, 3) CT number of the hematoma, 4) time interval between the head injury and the onset of symptom, and 5) the degree of cerebral atrophy. The degree of cerebral atrophy was calculated by means of a simple approximate formula as described by one of the authors (K.N.). Patient's age and the hematoma volume were correlated with HRD, and the correlation coefficients were 0.346 (p less than 0.01) and 0.298 (p less than 0.05) respectively. On the other hand, preoperative CT findings and the duration from the trauma had no correlation with HRD. Cerebral atrophy has hitherto been thought to affect the reduction of hematoma. However, our quantitative study revealed no correlation between cerebral atrophy and the reduction of hematoma rate. This unexpected result may be attributed to the difference between cerebral atrophy and cerebral elasticity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226487 TI - [Relationship between angiographical manifestations and operative findings in 100 cases of hemifacial spasm]. AB - Relationship between angiographical manifestations and operative findings of hemifacial spasm was studied in 100 cases. Vertebral angiography was performed, and Towne, straight AP, and lateral projections were routinely studied. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) directly compressed the facial nerve root exit zone in 54 instances, the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in 38, and the vertebral artery (VA) in 11. Compressions by multiple vessels were observed in 3 cases. Anatomical variations of the AICA and the PICA were classified into 3 groups according to their origins and their distributions of blood supply: Type I, normal distribution of AICA and PICA; Type II, common trunk anomaly with dominant AICA (basilar artery origin); and Type III, common trunk anomaly with dominant PICA (vertebral artery origin). In our cases, 35% of them showed normal distribution, 34% dominant AICA, and 35% dominant PICA. Analyses of the angiograms revealed significantly increased numbers of common trunk anomalies when compared with normal angiograms studied by Takahashi. In 60 of the 65 cases with common trunk anomalies, facial nerves were compressed by the main trunk or the branches of the dominant artery. There were 35 cases which belonged to Type I anatomical classification. They were subdivided into 2 groups according to the size of the AICA and PICA: 1. AICA greater than PICA, and, 2. PICA greater than AICA. In the AICA greater than PICA subgroup, the AICA was the offending artery in all but one case. In the PICA greater than AICA subgroup, the PICA was responsible in 9 of 17 cases. In 31 cases, angiograms showed a redundant VA with lateral elongation into the cerebellopontine angle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226488 TI - [Clinical study of cortical and brainstem evoked potentials in head injury]. AB - Three types of evoked potentials (EPs) auditory brainstem response (ABR), somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), and visual evoked potential (VEP) were recorded among 100 cases of head injuries within three days after the trauma had occurred. In order to assess these EPs, the normal wave patterns of 20 healthy subjects were used for comparison. For indices, wave I, III and V were used for ABR, N1, N2 and N3 for SEP, and N70, P100 and N125 for VEP. On this basis, five EP grades were constructed, from normal (grade I) to highly abnormal (grade V). Furthermore, an EP pattern classification was devised to integrate the respective EP grade. Namely, pattern A (PA), consisting of grade (G). I-III of the 3 types of EP; PB, composed of one type of EP or both ABR and VEP at G. IV-V; PC, consisting of both SEP and VEP at G. IV-V; PD, comprising both ABR and SEP at G. IV-V; and PE, covering all three types EPs at G. IV-V. In this EP pattern classification, PA signifies no severe damage, PB localized damage, PC severe cerebral damage, PD severe brainstem damage, PE severe diffuse damage. The significance was studied for an understanding of the pathological state, and for making a prognosis. The following conclusions were reached. 1. In severe head trauma, primary brainstem damage is very rare, and in cases where brainstem damage is shown, it is accompanied by extensive cerebral damage. To assess the pathological state of such primary cerebral damage EP in the acute stage is useful, and by performing further EP, successively, it becomes also possible to evaluate the secondary cerebral damage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226489 TI - [Two cases of acute idiopathic subdural hematoma with delayed intracranial hypertension]. AB - Two cases of acute idiopathic subdural hematoma with delayed intracranial hypertension were presented. The first case was a 68-year-old man admitted for vomiting following headache for eight days. There was no history of head trauma. A CT scan revealed a high-density mass that had a concave inner margin in the left temporo-parietal region with a slight midline shift. No vascular lesion was noted on the angiogram. The consciousness of the patient deteriorated suddenly on the 12th day. An operation was performed because of a marked midline shift on the CT. At operation, a subdural clot was removed. The postoperative recovery was good. The patient was discharged 7 days later without any neurological deficit. The second case was a 69-year-old man who was admitted with sudden onset of headache. There was no history of head trauma. A CT scan showed a high density mass in the right temporoparietal subdural space with a slight midline shift. The consciousness of the patient deteriorated suddenly on the 15th day. An operation was performed because of a marked midline shift on the CT. At operation, a subdural hematoma was removed. Two days later, suddenly his consciousness deteriorated. A CT scan showed his severe brain edema with a marked midline shift without increased hematoma. External decompression was performed immediately. The postoperative recovery was very good and 40 days after the second operation, the patient was discharged with no neurological deficit. The delayed intracranial hypertension appeared in these two cases about 10 days after the initial symptom. Two kinds of mechanisms are suspected: 1) swelling of the hematoma because of the adsorption of cerebrospinal fluid, 2) the occurrence of secondary brain edema. From our experience, a repeated CT scan is necessary for 2 to 3 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226490 TI - [Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula in association with congenital inner ear anomaly: a case report]. AB - A case of inner ear anomaly (Mondini dysplasia) associated with recurrent meningitis found in a 10 year-old boy is reported. The patient had suffered from bacterial meningitis and CSF rhinorrhea five times in 7 years. The origin of CSF leakage had not been detected by bifrontal craniotomy or trans-sphenoidal operation. In May 1985, the dysplasia of the temporal bone and the inner ear had been pointed out by an otologist. And he underwent operations a few times for closing the CSF fistula at the floor of the internal auditory meatus by translabyrinthine approaches, but in vain. On the 7th of November 1985, under the control of intracranial pressure by continuous ventricular drainage, re-operation was performed. Packing the internal auditory meatus with several pieces of muscle and gelatine sponge stopped the CSF leakage and the recurrence of meningitis. PMID- 3226491 TI - [Craniopharyngioma in the third ventricle]. AB - A rare case of craniopharyngioma wholly located within the third ventricle is reported. A 55-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of headache and fever of unknown origin. Neurological findings were normal. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed homogeneously enhanced mass lesion within the third ventricle. Axial and coronal CT scans disclosed an intact suprasellar cistern. The tumor was completely removed using an interhemispheric trans-lamina terminalis approach. Histological diagnosis was squamous cell type of craniopharyngioma. Post-operative diabetes insipidus was well controlled, and irradiation of 50 Gy was performed. Craniopharyngioma located entirely in the third ventricle was reviewed, and etiology, clinical feature and treatment were discussed. PMID- 3226492 TI - [Intraspinal lipoma in an infant: a case report of MRI study]. AB - A 6-month-old boy having intraspinal lipoma with lumbosacral subcutaneous lipoma and occult spinal dysraphism is described. CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are demonstrated. On admission, the patient showed no neurological deficits. Lumbosacral hemangioma and subcutaneous lipoma were noticed on physical examination. A plain spinal roentogenogram revealed occult spinal dysraphism extending from L 4 level down to the sacral region. A plain CT scan disclosed a round-shaped low density area surrounded by a relatively high density area corresponding to the neural tissue in the spinal canal. MRI (1.5-T superconducting system) with sagittal views clearly showed an oval-shaped high signal intensity (SI) area-an intraspinal lipoma-with the neural tissue running longitudinally within and on its surface. The lipoma appeared to be attached to the spinal cord at L 1/2 level. On operation, we found an extramedullary lipoma which had a certain connection to the sacral epidural adipose tissue with an opening of the dural sac, as far as the subcutaneous lipoma. Tethered cord and thickened filum terminale were not identified. Generally, lipoma is demonstrated as a low density area of approximately -90 H.U. on a CT scan. In MRI, we can obtain a high contrast between the lipoma, the spinal cord, and the cerebrospinal fluid, since they are shown as a high, an intermediate, and a low SI area respectively, on T1-weighted spin echo images. Furthermore, sagittal section of MRI is regarded as a potent diagnostic modality to get the precise anatomy of the spinal cord lesion. These short spin echo images can be taken in a relatively brief time. It is a great advantage for patients with spinal lipoma, who are usually infants. MRI is considered to be a quite useful modality to diagnose spinal lipoma, and is able to lead to an early diagnosis non-invasively and accurately, facilitating appropriate surgical treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226493 TI - [Usefulness of radial artery graft bypass: two cases of internal carotid artery aneurysms]. AB - Trapping and EC-IC bypass surgery was performed for two cases of internal carotid aneurysm using the radial artery as bypass material. Neither case has any permanent neurological deficit because of an adequate blood supply via the radial artery graft bypass. Although the radial artery graft has been in common use among cardiac surgeons, it is still rare in the neurosurgical field. The advantage of the radial artery is discussed with comparison to other graft materials such as saphenous vein and superficial temporal artery. In properly selected cases, the radial artery graft is efficient in preventing the ischemic damage caused by trapping of aneurysm at the main arterial trunk. PMID- 3226494 TI - [Electroencephalographic changes during experimental plateau waves]. AB - The present study was designed to induce plateau waves by electrical stimulation of the brain stem and examine the changes in EEG during the plateau waves. Experiments were carried out on 10 adult mongrel dogs which were slightly anesthetized, immobilized and artificially respired. Electroencephalogram (EEG), intracranial pressure (ICP), systemic blood pressure (SBP) and cerebral perfusion pressure were simultaneously recorded on the electromagnetic tape after transorbital puncture of the intracavernous internal carotid artery. EEGs were recorded from cortical electrodes, and were analyzed by a frequency analysis. At the stage of increased ICP, the mesencephalic reticular formation was stimulated. Stimulation parameters, i.e., intensity, duration and frequency, were 0.1 mA, 1 msec and 40 - 50 Hz, respectively. The total duration of each period was 5 seconds. Spontaneous plateau waves occurred in 2 dogs associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma and intraventricular hemorrhage. Plateau waves were induced by electrical stimulation in the mesencephalic reticular formation in one of two dogs with spontaneous plateau waves. Twenty-one repetitions of electrical stimulation induced ten plateau waves. Two plateau waves were induced during slow EEG associated with desynchronization of EEG. Eight plateau waves were induced during fast EEG activity with no changes in EEG before and after the stimulation. In addition, plateau waves occurred immediately after short duration (5 seconds) of electrical stimulation. It seems that CBV increases during plateau waves are due to rapidly occurring neurogenic vasodilatation of cerebral vessels, later augmented by increases in cerebral metabolism. In conclusion, plateau waves are produced in a rigid condition within the cranial cavity by stimulation of the brainstem reticular formation which influences cortical activation and cerebral vasodilatation. PMID- 3226495 TI - [Computed tomographic evaluation due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the posterior fossa]. AB - From April, 1978 through December, 1984, computed tomographic (CT) findings were carefully examined in 34 cases of initial subarachnoid bleeding due to a single ruptured aneurysm in the posterior fossa. All of the patients were hospitalized within 3 days of the onset of symptoms. High-density areas, which indicate the presence of subarachnoid clots, were evaluated in the interhemispheric and Sylvian fissures and the interpeduncular, prepontine, ambient, and quadrigeminal cisterns. The CT data suggest that hematomas in the four cisterns are thicker than those in the supratentorial subarachnoid spaces. Only one patient had an intracerebral hematoma. Hydrocephalus accompanied aneurysms of the posterior fossa more frequently than those of the anterior circulation. PMID- 3226496 TI - [AS & A (aqua-stream and aspirator) in neurosurgery: comparison with laser and CUSA]. AB - A new instrument, the aqua-stream and aspirator (AS & A) is useful and safe for microscopical neurosurgery. The apparatus is simple and small. The handpiece is small and light as well as being easy to manipulate. Sterilization is easy and safe. Both streaming and aspirating tubes of AS & A are thin, so that operative field is not obstructed by the operative microscope. The operative field is kept dry and clean by means of washing the work of AS & A. It is economical, because less gas and saline solution than usual are needed during the usual craniotomy (a one liter soft bottle). It is superior to laser and CUSA for the removal of deeply seated soft tumors. PMID- 3226497 TI - [Diagnosis of pituitary adenoma by dynamic CT scanning: concerning direct sign and indirect sign for diagnosis of pituitary microadenoma]. AB - The advantage of high resolution CT in the diagnosis of pituitary microadenomas has been established, but the diagnosis becomes more difficult when the pituitary microadenoma is less than 5mm in diameter. We have studied the usefulness of dynamic CT scans particularly for diagnosis of small microadenomas. The dynamic CT scans were performed for 61 normal pituitary glands and 68 pituitary adenomas (36 microadenomas, 32 macroadenomas) with a GECT/T 9800 scanner. Coronal sections of 1.5mm thickness were taken at the plane just in front of the pituitary stalk of the pituitary gland. Following a bolus intra-venous injection of 40 - 60 ml of contrast media using an automatic injector, ten consecutive CT scans of 2 seconds scan time were obtained, beginning 2 seconds from the start of intravenous injection. The first seven scans were taken with an interval of 2.3 seconds, and the last three scans with an interval of 10 seconds. Then, time-density curves were obtained at the ROI which were set on the anterior pituitary gland, the vascular bed of the pituitary gland, the pituitary stalk and the area of the pituitary adenoma respectively. In a normal pituitary gland, the density increases gradually and makes an S shaped curve, then attains the maximum density value (92.3 CT number) approximately 60 seconds after the administration of contrast media. The pituitary vascular bed is located in midline on the upper surface of the pituitary gland, and shows a symmetrical square, triangular or rhomboid shape.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226498 TI - [Clinical study of hypertensive subcortical hemorrhage: surgical indication and long-term, functional prognosis]. AB - There has been no report available for determining surgical indications in hypertensive subcortical hemorrhage based on functional prognosis. The authors then studied the clinical results of hypertensive subcortical hemorrhage for evaluating the surgical indication in relation to functional prognosis. Sixty five patients with hypertensive subcortical hemorrhage diagnosed by CT scan who were hospitalized to Matsue Red Cross Hospital from January 1980 up to December 1986 were studied. The 44 male and 21 female patients ranged in age from 37 to 86 years, and 38 of them were operated on. The results were as follows: 1) Patients with grade I (Kanaya's neurological grading) or a volume of hematoma less than 30 ml should be treated with conservative therapy. Those with grade II and III or a volume of hematoma = 30 - 50ml should be treated in accordance with proper therapeutic method, taking into consideration the site of the hematoma. Patients with more than grade IVa or a volume of hematoma greater than 50ml would be in danger of losing their lives unless surgical therapy was performed. 2) The follow up study of the patients' long-term prognosis after discharge revealed the majority of the patients showed aggravation of the illness and/or death due to cerebral apoplexy-like attack and re-bleeding. It is necessary to follow up these cases with careful systemic control, including monitoring of blood pressure. PMID- 3226499 TI - [Experimental simulation study on EC-IC bypass--Part 1: Optimum conditions for bypass on the basis of hydraulic and theoretical models with autoregulation mechanism]. AB - There have been several reports about unexpected occlusive change of stenotic lesion in the internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) following bypass surgery, rupture or formation of an aneurysm after carotid ligation and ICA EC-IC bypass for the treatment of inaccessible ICA aneurysm. These suggest that operation for one vessel causes hemodynamic changes in others, not only near the operation site but in remote sites. Although complete hemodynamic analysis in the brain and quantitative speculation of the possible effect of a cerebrovascular operation are essential to prevent these complications, these measures are usually very difficult to carry out because multiple factors are related mutually in complex fashion in a living body. One effective means to simulate these changes would be the use of a vascular model. A hydraulic model of unilateral ICA stenosis (resistance of stenosis: R) with EC-IC bypass (resistance of bypass: Rby) has been manufactured with silicone and glass tubes. Peripheral vascular resistance (Rp) is adjusted to obtain an arterial flow of 180 ml/min at poststenotic pressures of 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 mmHg. To simulate the autoregulation mechanism, appropriate Rp is selected for each combination of R and Rby so as to make, as far as possible, a hemispheric flow (sum of stenosis flow and bypass flow) of 180 ml/min. The Rp with the lowest value (60/180 mmHg/ml/min) is to be chosen in flow conditions of lower than 180 ml/min, where autoregulation is no longer functioning. Twelve kinds of stenosis segments with an inner diameter from 0.37 to 2.59 mm are prepared and used in the models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226500 TI - [MRI findings of cervical cord injury. A case report of long-term follow-up]. AB - A 63 year-old male, who sustained anterior cervical cord injury in a fall on his back during skiing, was consecutively examined by MRI from acute, up to the chronic stage. Right after the fall (2.5 hours later) the injured cord showed high intensity in T2 weighted images. This high intensity area stayed the same up to the chronic stage (6 months later). T1 weighted SE images showed no parenchymal change in the acute stage, but 3 months later a low intensity area appeared in the damaged cord. Thereafter, the injured cord exhibited localized low intensity on T1 weighted images, and high intensity on T2 weighted images, at subsequent MRI examinations. During the course of the examinations no significant neurological recovery was observed. Referring to the findings of our experimental cord injury studies, the high intensity in the T2 weighted images of the acute stage represents hemorrhagic necrotic tissue with edema, while those of the chronic stage suggest myelomalacia, and surrounding gliotic tissue. The low intensity in the T1 weighted images of the chronic stage reflects also this myelomalacia itself. We conclude that MRI of cervical cord injury is a useful diagnostic tool, not only delineating the level of the cord injury, but also aiding in the prognosis. PMID- 3226501 TI - [A case of anaplastic astrocytoma associated with pituitary adenoma]. AB - A case of anaplastic astrocytoma associated with pituitary adenoma is reported. The patient was a 33-year-old male, who was admitted with complaints of sensory aphasia, slight left motor paresis, and visual field defects. Neurological examination disclosed sensory and motor aphasia, Gerstmann's syndrome, slight left motor paresis, right homonymous hemianopsia, and bilateral choked discs. Computed tomography revealed a low density mass lesion with slight enhancement in the left temporal region and a ring-like enhanced mass lesion in the suprasellar region. In MRI, both the left temporal and the suprasellar lesions are depicted as low signal intensity areas in T1 weighted imaging, but as high signal intensity areas in T2 weighted imaging. Craniotomy was performed and both tumors were almost totally removed. The tumor in the left temporal region was diagnosed as anaplastic astrocytoma and the other in the suprasellar region was diagnosed as chromophobe adenoma. Multiple primary intracranial tumors of different cell types are rare. About a hundred cases can be found in medical literature. More than two thirds of them are cases of glioma associated with meningioma, but other combinations of tumors are extremely rare. We now report this case of astrocytoma associated with pituitary adenoma. In the literature, there are only 5 cases of similar combination. It is believed that astrocytoma and pituitary adenoma are histologically different. In three of five reported cases, the tumors were in close proximity to each other, but it is doubtful that their close proximity was related to the fact that they developed concurrently. PMID- 3226502 TI - [The influence and outcome of acute infantile intracranial hematoma with hypoxemia]. AB - Unusually broad areas of cerebral infarction were demonstrated by CT scan in three head injured infants with acute intracranial hematoma. They revealed very characteristic CT findings including contralateral hemispheric ischemic zone. Case 1 is a 5-month-old boy who had hit his head 4 days before. On admission he was semicomatose and his respiration had suffered from generalized seizures with arterial PO2 value of 43 mmHg. CT scan revealed right subdural hematoma, and bihemispheric ischemic low density was also demonstrable. Hematoma clot weighing 10 grams was removed through emergency craniotomy, followed by external decompression. There was a marked atrophic change in the right cerebral hemisphere and contralateral frontal base during the following few months, but the basal ganglionic region, brainstem and cerebellum were hardly affected. The patient developed comparatively well mentally for the next one and a half years. Case 2 was a 2-year-old boy who had a previous history of moderate head trauma 8 hours before admission. After a lucid interval, sudden epileptic attacks hospitalized him in a condition of cardiopulmonary arrest. CT scan revealed severe epidural hematoma on the patient's right cerebrum. Emergency craniotomy was performed and hematoma 95 g in weight was removed followed by decompression. Postoperative CT showed broad ipsilateral ischemic edema including the contralateral cerebral hemisphere and brainstem. One and a half years later, the patient shows decorticated posture with ataxic respiration and negative light reflexes. Case 3 was an 8-month-old boy who had fallen down and hit his head on the floor. Status epilepticus had attacked him, causing him to be admitted in a dyspneic state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226503 TI - [Lateral approach to the anterior foramen magnum tumor: report of two cases]. AB - A procedure for lateral approach to the ventral portion of the foramen magnum and the upper cervical canal is described. The patient was placed in the lateral position and a curvilinear skin incision was made from the retoroauricular area down to the lateral neck across the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and underlying muscle layers were divided. A suboccipital hemicraniotomy and hemilaminectomies were performed with an air drill. Because the medulla and the cervical cord are displaced posteriorly by the tumor, there is no need to retract those structures and all the tumors can be removed under direct vision. This procedure was applied on the two patients with ventrally situated foramen magnum tumors; a neurenteric cyst and neurofibroma, and both of the tumors were successfully removed under direct vision. Major advantages of this approach are that there is no need for retraction of the spinal cord, and there is excellent exposure of an anteriorly located tumor, no postoperative cervical spine instability, no risk for CSF leak and infection, which effects are often found after the anterior approach. The procedure, like the posterior approach, is relatively simple. PMID- 3226504 TI - Persistent mercury in nerve cells 16 years after metallic mercury poisoning. AB - A male subject, after exposure to mercury metal at work in 1968, developed classical signs of mercurialism from which he made a slow clinical recovery. He subsequently developed psychoneurotic symptoms and became an alcoholic; he never returned to work and died in 1984. No histological changes relevant to mercury intoxication were found in the brain, but staining by Danscher & Schroeder's method for mercury showed many positively staining lysosomal dense bodies in a large proportion of nerve cells, and the presence of mercury was confirmed by elemental X-ray analysis. The mercury content of the brain was increased, much of it being present in colloidal form. PMID- 3226505 TI - Immunocytochemical characterization of primary glial cell cultures from normal adult human brain. AB - Primary cultures were established from autopsy or biopsy samples of normal adult human brain and characterized by immunocytochemical techniques. Initially, macrophages were the predominant cell type adhering to the substratum, but as their number fell that of glial cells increased. Oligodendrocytes comprised 30% of the glial population in white matter cultures, and their perikarya and elongated processes were immunostained with antibodies directed against galactocerebroside and four myelin proteins. In white and grey matter cultures, process-bearing astrocytes and small numbers of polygonal astrocytes were stained with antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase. Fibroblasts started to appear at 3 weeks and proliferated to form a monolayer beneath glial cells by 5 weeks. Glia began to die in the 6th week. These primary cell cultures of white or grey matter can be used to study the properties of glial cells from normal or pathological adult human brain. PMID- 3226506 TI - Varicosities in human fetal sciatic nerve fibres. AB - A morphological study performed on sciatic nerves from 10 fetuses aged 19 to 32 weeks revealed variations in axonal diameter along the length of the fibres but a uniform myelin sheath thickness. This gave the fibres a beaded appearance. The diameter of the axon in the varicosities was up to seven-times greater than that of the intervening axon. The varicosities were separated by distances up to 50 microns. Both myelinated and single unmyelinated fibres had varicosities. Neurofilaments and neurotubules were more densely packed in the axons between the varicosities. The absolute number of filaments and tubules per axon was similar in axons with equal numbers of myelin lamellae but with different diameters, as calculated from transverse sections. The varicosities were observed in all fetuses aged 19 to 24 weeks, but in only one of the two fetuses aged 28 weeks. They were not present in the 32 week fetus. They appear to be a characteristic morphological feature of nerve fibres during early fetal life and can be identified only in teased fibre preparations or in longitudinal sections of the nerve. Their presence explains the bimodal or markedly skewed distribution of myelinated fibre axon diameters that was seen in nerves from young fetuses. It also helps in understanding the discrepancies reported in size patterns between axon diameter and myelin thickness. It is possible that the varicosities may be partially artefactual but their occurrence may imply a particular vulnerability of fetal nerve fibres. Their production may be related to movements of the axoplasmic fluid which is abundant in young fetuses. PMID- 3226507 TI - Increased diameter of demyelinated axons in chronic multiple sclerosis of the spinal cord. AB - In an autopsied case of chronic multiple sclerosis, many axons in some demyelinated plaques of the spinal cord had remarkably increased diameters and reduced argentophilia. The increase in axonal diameter extended for some distance and was restricted to the demyelinated areas. A review of 22 autopsy cases of chronic multiple sclerosis revealed similar findings in the plaques of the spinal cord in seven cases. They were also noted in the brain but much less frequently. On electron microscopy, the neurofilaments in these enlarged demyelinated axons were not closely packed but were separated by an increased amount of electron lucent axoplasm. It is thought that this finding may be a manifestation of increased water content in the axoplasm secondary to increased permeability of the demyelinated axolemma. PMID- 3226508 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in acute spinal cord trauma. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven to be an invaluable tool for evaluating neoplastic, congenital, and degenerative conditions of the spine and spinal cord. Because of various technical limitations, however, the use of MRI in acutely spinal cord-injured patients has not been fully explored. Sixty-two spinal cord-injured patients underwent MRI within the first 36 hours of injury. A variety of pathological findings were detected on the MRI scans: anatomical cord transection (7 cases), spinal cord deformity secondary to extrinsic compression (28), focal cord enlargement/swelling (21), hyperintense intramedullary lesions (17), and disc herniations (2). MRI may be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of acute spinal cord injury. PMID- 3226509 TI - Posterior stabilization of cervical spine fractures and subluxations using plates and screws. AB - Posterior stabilization of cervical spine fractures and subluxations with metal plates and screws is commonly used in Europe, but has rarely been employed by neurosurgeons in North America, where stabilization has usually been achieved with wires supplemented by bone grafts or acrylic. The limitations of the more commonly used stabilization techniques include the failure to achieve rotational stability, the necessity for intact laminae, and the requirement for bone grafting. We therefore examined the efficacy of posterior cervical plating in 19 patients who had posttraumatic instability of the cervical spine between C3 and C7 without residual spinal cord compression and 1 patient who had a subluxation as a result of osteomyelitis. Two patients had no neurological deficit, 4 had partial deficits, and 14 had no neurological function below the level of injury. Operation was performed after patients were medically stable and maximal reduction of fractures was achieved (usually within 48 hours). The plates are made of vitallium and contain two or three holes 13 mm apart through which 16-mm screws are placed bilaterally into the center of the articular masses of two or three adjacent vertebrae to stabilize one or two motion segments. Bone grafting is not performed. Patients are mobilized on the day after operation in a Philadelphia collar, which is worn for 3 months. Fourteen patients had stabilization of one motion segment and 6 had stabilization over two motion segments. The mean follow-up is 9.2 months. In a single patient with ankylosing spondylitis, plate fixation failed when screws pulled out. No patient experienced neurological deterioration as a result of the operative procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226510 TI - Treatment of intact familial intracranial aneurysms: a decision-analytical approach. AB - Clinical decision analysis is applied to the treatment decisions for four patients with unruptured familial aneurysms. The surgical treatment was uneventful in all patients except one with mild mixed aphasia and facial weakness postoperatively; these deficits disappeared in less than 2 years. In the decision analysis, discounted Quality Adjusted Life Years are used as an outcome measure. Probability estimates are extracted from the literature when available. It is concluded that the decision to treat the aneurysm neurosurgically in three of the four patients was correct. In two of these three patients, the decision cannot be altered by plausible changes in estimated data. For the third patient, only the combination of a low probability of rupture, a high surgical mortality and morbidity, and high discount favors conservative treatment. In the fourth patient, a toss-up situation exists. More knowledge of the probability of rupture, the probability of the development of other aneurysms, and the results of operation on intact intracranial aneurysms would have made the analysis more accurate. Clinical research should address these issues. PMID- 3226511 TI - To shunt or to fenestrate: which is the best surgical treatment for arachnoid cysts in pediatric patients? AB - The treatment options for intracranial arachnoid cysts are either craniotomy and fenestration of the cyst into the cerebrospinal fluid spaces or shunting of the cyst contents extracranially. Fenestration may eliminate the need to shunt, but it is a major operative procedure and is not always successful. To determine which treatment provides the greatest benefit with the fewest complications, the records of 31 patients with 34 arachnoid cysts treated at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles between 1976 and 1986 were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 4.4 years, with a range of 0 to 15.5 years. The most common location was the middle fossa (14 cases), followed by the posterior fossa (7 cases), the suprasellar region (5 cases), and hemispheric (5 cases) and other locations (3 cases). Signs and symptoms were related to abnormally rapid head growth in infants and to increased intracranial pressure and seizures in older children. The initial treatment of 29 cysts was fenestration. Twenty-two (76%) procedures were successful, with no additional treatment needed for the cyst. The other 7 cysts required the subsequent placement of a cystoperitoneal shunt. In 5 cases, the cysts were treated initially with cystoperitoneal shunts. Of the total 12 cystoperitoneal shunts, 5 have required revisions on one or more occasions. No significant difference in morbidity was noted between the two treatment options. Because we consider shunt independence to be a major goal of therapy, we suggest that patients with arachnoid cysts be divided into two categories, those presenting with associated hydrocephalus and those without hydrocephalus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226512 TI - Postoperative hemorrhage: a survey of 4992 intracranial procedures. AB - A series of 4992 intracranial procedures performed over an 11-year period was evaluated for the occurrence of postoperative hemorrhage. Forty patients (0.8%) experienced postoperative hemorrhage. Twenty-four hemorrhages were intracerebral (60%), 11 were epidural (28%), 3 were subdural (7.5%), and 2 were intrasellar (5.0%). Hematomas in 33 patients occurred at the operative site, and 7 occurred remote from the operative site. Intracranial tumor was the reason for operation in 56% of the patients developing a clot, and meningioma was the most common tumor associated with this complication. The use of the sitting position was not associated with an increased incidence of postoperative hemorrhage. Disturbances of coagulation and hypertension seemed to be potential precipitating factors. Postoperative hemorrhage was recognized within 12 hours of operation in 35% of the patients. An altered level of consciousness was the most frequent clinical finding, present in all patients. There was no clear relationship between the time of recognition and the final clinical outcome. Parenchymal clots carried the worst prognosis, accounting for 8 of the 11 deaths and all 7 patients with poor neurological outcome. PMID- 3226513 TI - Stereotactic interstitial brachytherapy of malignant astrocytomas with remarks on postimplantation computed tomographic appearance. AB - Seventeen patients were treated with stereotactically implanted high activity iodine-125 seeds, 12 patients for recurrent malignant astrocytomas (Protocol I) and 5 patients for newly diagnosed glioblastomas (Protocol II). Total radiation dosage to the recurrent tumors in Protocol I, including prior external beam irradiation, averaged 13,500 cGy. In the follow-up period of 6 to 50 months, the survival rate was 93% at 6 months, 60% at 12 months, 50% at 18 months, and 38% at 24 months after implantation. In Protocol II, brachytherapy was used as an interstitial radiation boost to the conventional treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastomas. External beam therapy and interstitial brachytherapy provided 11,000 cGy to these tumors. In the follow-up period of 15 to 27 months, there was a 100% survival at 12 months, 75% at 18 months, and 25% at 24 months after implantation. Eight of our 17 patients required reoperation for persistent or recurrent mass lesions at 6 to 15 months postimplantation; 7 were found to harbor masses of radionecrosis containing nests of anaplastic astrocytes; 1 had frank tumor recurrence. Median survival in this group of patients requiring reoperation was 18.7 months postimplantation. In a review of postimplantation computed tomographic scans, significant mass effect and crossover of hypodensity or enhancement into the corpus callosum or opposite hemisphere were found to have prognostic significance; persistent areas of contrast enhancement and excessive peritumoral hypodensity did not. PMID- 3226514 TI - Arnold-Chiari malformation in an infant with Kleeblattschadel: an acquired malformation? AB - A case of Arnold-Chiari malformation in an infant with Kleeblattschadel is reported. The author suggests that the malformation may be acquired on the basis of cephalocranial disproportion and may be a contributing factor in the development of hydrocephalus. PMID- 3226515 TI - Solitary primary lymphoma of the sciatic nerve: case report. AB - An unusual case of a solitary extranodal primary lymphoma of the sciatic nerve in a patient presenting with sciatica and a left footdrop is described. Magnetic resonance imaging was successful in identifying a fusiform lesion in the sciatic nerve in the left infragluteal region. Surgical exploration and biopsy confirmed this as a B cell lymphoma. An extensive metastatic work-up has not identified other sites of lymphomatous involvement. PMID- 3226516 TI - Successful treatment of cryptococcal ventriculoatrial shunt infection with systemic therapy alone. AB - We report successful treatment of a cryptococcal ventriculoatrial shunt infection with antifungal therapy without shunt removal. PMID- 3226517 TI - Primary hydatid cyst of the brain in an adult: report of a case. AB - Primary hydatid cyst of the brain in adults is rare and may pose multiple diagnostic problems. A 27-year-old man who presented with mild headache was diagnosed as having an isolated hydatid cyst of the brain. Computed tomographic findings, precautions at operation, and the risk of dissemination are discussed, and available literature is reviewed. PMID- 3226518 TI - Ganglioglioma, a malignant tumor? Correlation with flow deoxyribonucleic acid cytometric analysis. AB - This study describes the flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis of a resected ganglioglioma. The initial histopathological analysis revealed a benign tumor characterized by a predominance of mature ganglion cells. The flow cytometric DNA analysis of the necrotic areas, however, demonstrated an aneuploid population of cells. Further examination by histological analysis of the tumor revealed both benign and atypical foci. The retrospective DNA analysis performed from paraffin sections of tissue with benign-histological findings demonstrated euploid populations of cells consistent with a benign, slow-growing lesion. In contrast, DNA analysis performed from tissue with atypical histological findings revealed aneuploid populations of cells consistent with a malignant phenotype. Our analysis provides additional data supporting the existence of tumor progression in some gangliogliomas. Results support the concept of tumor cell heterogeneity and the importance of adequate tumor sampling. The finding of aneuploid populations with unfavorable histology further supports the use of flow cytometry as an adjunct method in assessing tumor biology. PMID- 3226519 TI - Metastasis of carcinoma to hemangioblastoma cerebelli: case report. AB - A patient with a long-standing posterior fossa tumor developed symptoms that it was growing rapidly. The increasing growth resulted from secondary prostatic carcinoma complicating the cystic cerebellar hemangioblastoma. PMID- 3226521 TI - Mallory-Weiss syndrome associated with raised intracranial pressure. AB - A case of Mallory-Weiss syndrome associated with raised intracranial pressure resulting from metastatic brain tumor is reported for the first time. Relevant literature is reviewed and possible causes of Mallory-Weiss syndrome are discussed. PMID- 3226520 TI - Choroid plexus papillomas: an immunohistochemical study with particular reference to the coexpression of prealbumin. AB - Immunocytochemical characterization of choroid plexus neoplasms was performed in seven cases, five being of benign choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) and the other two of malignant choroid plexus papilloma (choroid plexus carcinoma CPC). Immunohistochemical examination was performed with antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, prealbumin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and gamma-enolase. All of the five CPPs were positive for GFAP, S-100, prealbumin, and gamma-enolase; and four of them were positive for EMA. None of the CPPs was positive for CEA. Both of the two cases of CPC were positive for gamma-enolase, and one was positive for GFAP, S-100, EMA, and CEA. No CPC showed positivity for prealbumin. This report is the first to describe the usefulness of prealbumin reactivity for histological diagnosis of choroid plexus papillomas. PMID- 3226522 TI - Association of an epidermoid tumor with an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. AB - A case of epidermoid tumor enveloping an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery is reported. Four embryologically similar epithelial tumors of the central nervous system associated with intracranial aneurysms, all craniopharyngiomas, have previously been reported. Theories attempting to relate tumor and aneurysm are discussed. The incidence of aneurysm associated with tumor is difficult to estimate and may be no greater than the probability of their coincidence by chance alone. PMID- 3226523 TI - Pituitary apoplexy manifested during a bromocriptine test in a patient with a growth hormone- and prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma. AB - This report describes the clinical course of pituitary apoplexy induced by a single dose of bromocriptine in a 50-year-old woman with acromegaly. The patient suddenly complained of diminished vision and headache 2 hours after the oral administration of 2.5 mg of bromocriptine. Her visual symptoms and headache persisted for several days. The basal plasma GH concentration decreased from 76.2 ng/ml to 37.2 ng/ml the day after the attack of apoplexy and to 3.0 ng/ml on the 9th day. The authors assess the changes in endocrine findings related to pituitary apoplexy and also emphasize the necessity to view with caution any symptomatic change during bromocriptine therapy. PMID- 3226524 TI - A simple fluid collection system for neurosurgical operations. AB - A simple and inexpensive fluid collection bag system for neurosurgical operations is described. It is quite satisfactory for preventing operators from soiling their feet and their gowns. PMID- 3226526 TI - Plasma biopterin levels of patients with affective disorders. AB - The plasma biopterin levels of 13 patients with affective disorders were measured both in the symptomatic phase and in the remission phase, and under no influence of psychotropic drugs except lithium and/or carbamazepine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, and were compared with those of normal controls. The biopterin levels of patients in the symptomatic phase were elevated significantly as compared with those of normal controls, and the elevation tended to be more pronounced in the hypomanic phase than in the depressive phase. In contrast, the biopterin levels of patients in remission were not different from those of normal controls. PMID- 3226525 TI - Monitoring of the effects of antidepressant drugs in the freely moving rat by radioelectroencephalography (tele-stereo-EEG). AB - Chronic implantation of four bipolar concentric electrodes into frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and reticular formation of the rat allows continuous recording of bioelectric potentials during the action of various drugs. Frequency analysis of the potentials serves to quantify EEG changes over longer periods of time. Segmentation of the spectra into six frequency bands and integration of their power provides parameters by which the different drugs can be differentiated from each other. The action of classic tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline and imipramine as well as the effect of doxepine is characterized by a general decrease in power with respect to all frequency bands and all brain areas. Amitriptylinoxide can be distinguished from them by its lack of decrease in beta-2 power and a smaller decrease in alpha-1 power. Amphetamine lacks decreases in alpha-1 frequencies in the striatum and the reticular formation. Both diazepam and haloperidol show increases in beta-2 power; haloperidol increases alpha-1 power, whereas diazepam diminishes it. LSD can be differentiated from amphetamine by its increases in alpha-1 power in the hippocampus and striatum. Thus all antidepressants show very similar changes with respect to the frequency patterns obtained after drug injection, whereas drugs used for other indications can be well distinguished from each other and also from antidepressants. PMID- 3226527 TI - Serial partial sleep deprivation in depression--clinical effects and dexamethasone suppression test results. AB - Thirty depressed patients were deprived of sleep during the second half of the night after they were characterized according to their Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnosis, severity of depression, current medication and dexamethasone suppression test status. After applying partial sleep deprivation (PSD) treatment three times within 1 week, we observed in 17 patients an improvement of their initial depressive symptomatology of 50% or more. No pretreatment variable except the degree of improvement after the first PSD was predictive for therapeutic effects of the entire PSD series. Beneficial effects of PSDs were not specific for the endogenous type of depression. A trend was found indicating that concurrent psychotropic drug treatment enhances the beneficial effect of serial PSDs. PMID- 3226528 TI - Evidence for simultaneous anxiolytic and aversive effects several hours after administration of sodium phenobarbitone to the rat. AB - Using a place conditioning paradigm, it was shown that the state experienced by rats 8 h after a 50-mg/kg dose of sodium phenobarbitone had aversive properties. However, at this same time, rats showed an increase in the percentage of time spent on the open arms of an elevated plus-maze, and an increase in the number of punished licks in a conflict test. These two effects are indicative of an anxiolytic action. It was therefore possible to demonstrate, simultaneously, an anxiolytic effect of sodium phenobarbitone and that it induced an aversive state. Conditioned place aversion could also be demonstrated 1 h after a 20-mg/kg dose of sodium phenobarbitone, but this dose was ineffective in the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety. These results provide further evidence that drugs that reduce anxiety do not necessarily have secondary positive reinforcing properties. PMID- 3226529 TI - A comparison of assessment techniques measuring the effects of methylphenidate, secobarbital, diazepam and diphenhydramine in abstinent alcoholics. AB - In two studies, we studied the comparative sensitivity of different subjective and objective measures to methylphenidate (10 and 20 mg) and secobarbital (100 mg) versus placebo, and diphenhydramine (50 mg) and diazepam (10 and 20 mg) versus placebo in abstinent alcoholics. Subjective measures used were the Visual Analog Mood Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Objective measures were the Stroop and two microcomputer-controlled tasks developed in our lab - a dual pursuit tracking/reaction time task (P-Trak) and a reaction time task with regular and irregular preparatory intervals (PI) of varying length (Reactest). In addition, several baseline measures (Eysenck Personality Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and NIMH Mood Scale Elderly) were evaluated for their correlation to drug response. All three central nervous system depressants impaired performance on Reactest at the longer PIs and showed a main effect with irregular PIs, but only the 20-mg dose of diazepam impaired reaction time at the shortest PI and showed a main effect with regular PIs. On P-Trak, secobarbital and diazepam 20 mg impaired both tracking and reaction time, while methylphenidate 20 mg improved only the reaction time component. Only diazepam 20 mg affected mood. No effects were noted on the Stroop. The implications of these findings are discussed. Both P-Trak and Reactest with long PIs were more sensitive than VAMS, POMS or Stroop to drug effects. As lower doses of central nervous system depressants impaired reaction time only with longer PIs and showed a main effect only with irregular PIs, cognitive effects of these drugs may be missed if only subjective or short, regular PI tasks are examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226530 TI - Chronic haloperidol-amphetamine interactions and mesolimbic dopamine. AB - As low-dose amphetamine stimulation of locomotor activity in the rat depends upon a mesolimbic dopaminergic substrate, neuroleptic antagonism of this behavior has been suggested as a model for studying antipsychotic activity. Animals in the present study received 21 days of chronic treatment with 1.0 mg/kg amphetamine, 0.1 mg/kg haloperidol or a combination of these two drugs. On day 21, mesolimbic (but not striatal) dopamine (DA) concentrations were positively related to locomotor activity in an open field. DA metabolites in this region were inversely correlated with the behavior. The combined drug group showed saline-like levels of both behavioral activity and mesolimbic DA. Metabolic indices in this group suggested that increased DA availability partially competed with the neuroleptic receptor blockade in mesolimbic regions. In contrast to tolerance previously observed with cataleptic doses of neuroleptics, 21 days of 0.1 mg/kg haloperidol did not induce behavioral or biochemical tolerance. This finding is consistent with the lack of tolerance development to antipsychotic effects and suggests that animal models incorporating chronic low-dose neuroleptic regimens may be useful for the study of chronic treatment issues. PMID- 3226531 TI - LCBF values decline while L lambda values increase during normal human aging measured by stable xenon-enhanced computed tomography. AB - Results of measurements of LCBF and L lambda values utilizing optimal CT-CBF methods under resting conditions are reported among thirty-two neurologically normal volunteers aged between 20 and 88 years. Measurements were made during inhalation of 26-30% stable xenon gas for 8 min and serial scanning utilizing a state-of the-art CT scanner with both eyes closed and ears unplugged. LCBF values for cortical gray matter were lowest in occipital cortex and highest in frontal cortex. Gray matter flow values were also high in subcortical structures with highest values measured in the thalamus. For white matter, highest flow values were measured in the internal capsule. Changes in LCBF and L lambda values were analyzed with respect to advancing age. Significant age-related declines in LCBF values were observed in occipital cortex and frontal white matter. Significant age-related increases in L lambda values were measured in frontal and temporal cortex, caudate nucleus and thalamus. Possible explanations are offered for these age-related increases in L lambda values for gray matter, such as accumulation of lipofuscin in neurons and relative compacting of gray matter with advancing age. The latter increases the numbers of nerve cells sampled per volume of gray matter measured. PMID- 3226532 TI - MR of childhood tuberculous meningitis. AB - MR imaging was performed on 27 children with stage II-III tuberculous meningitis for the specific purpose of examining the brainstem, as well as comparison with other CT features of the disease. In addition to defining the ischemic disturbances of basal ganglia and diencephalon more clearly, MR also demonstrates the frequent occurrence of parenchymal signal abnormalities in the brainstem and adjacent temporal lobes, which are invisible or uncertain on CT. Although the presence of brainstem abnormalities on MR correlated well with clinical findings of brainstem dysfunction, clinical staging on admission remains the best prognostic indicator in advanced TBM. We also review the MR features of basal exudation, hydrocephalus and tuberculoma. PMID- 3226533 TI - Multiple sclerosis and corpus callosum atrophy: relationship of MRI findings to clinical data. AB - Among 110 patients (45 men, 65 women), aged 15 to 66, with clinical and/or biological diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), severe to moderate corpus callosum (CC) atrophy was observed in 67 (60%) patients. Correlation between CC atrophy, brain atrophy, duration and severity of clinical symptoms, and high signal white matter areas, was carried out in 90 patients. Mean age was 46 years for patients with severe CC atrophy, and 33 years for those without atrophy. Mean duration of the disease was 14 years in patients with severe atrophy, and 5 years in patients without atrophy. Severity of clinical symptoms is more pronounced in patients with severe CC atrophy. Numerous or large white matter high signal areas are observed in patients with severe CC atrophy on T2-weighted images. CC atrophy appears earlier than brain atrophy in the course of MS. PMID- 3226534 TI - The value of paramagnetic contrast agent gadolinium-DTPA in the diagnosis of pituitary adenomas. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the role of MR imaging and the paramagnetic contrast agent Gadolinium-DTPA(Gd-DTPA) in the diagnosis of pituitary macroadenomas. 44 macroadenomas were examined with MRI before and after intravenous application of Gd-DTPA. Gd-DTPA produced excellent enhancement of solid adenoma. The best contrast between adenoma and surrounding structures could be gained on post-Gd T1-weighted images. Post-Gd images were equivalent to pre-Gd images in the evaluation of supra- and infrasellar extensions of macroadenomas. Post-Gd images had advantages in the evaluation of cavernous sinus invasion by adenoma. The difference in degree of contrast enhancement between adenoma and cavernous sinus facilitated the exact evaluation of lateral extension by adenoma in 18 cases. Almost equal degree of enhancement of both structures impaired tumor sinus contrast in 2 cases. In the other 24 cases the tumor filled the cavernous sinus completely. It is our opinion that Gd-DTPA can be used on a widespread basis because of its excellent capability to highlight and delineate pituitary adenomas. PMID- 3226535 TI - CT muscle scanning in the evaluation of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). AB - One hundred patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) were assessed by CT scanning using a standardised technique. The spectrum of CT abnormality occurring in SMA was observed and by overall analysis the patients were divided into 4 groups. While the CT appearances of these groups correlated well with clinical assessment of severity of disease, the disease process was usually much more widespread than clinical examination suggested. CT abnormality was first observed in the leg and gluteal muscles, progressing to the posterior spinal, thigh, shoulder girdle and sternomastoid muscles. Hypertrophy of sartorius and gracilis was observed in a significant number of patients. Fascial planes were preserved in involved muscles in over half of the patients, even in late-stage disease. Asymmetrical muscle involvement was seen with increasing frequency as the disease process increased in extent as evaluated by CT scanning. There was no discernible difference in the CT appearances in those patients who clinically had limb girdle, facioscapulohumeral or scapuloperoneal distribution of weakness. PMID- 3226536 TI - CT of cerebral hydatid disease. AB - Six cases of cerebral hydatid disease (CHD) were seen in Kuwait over a period of 8 years. The typical CT appearance of a large well-defined spherical nonenhanced unilocular cyst was seen in four cases. Two unusual but characteristic types of calcification were seen, one in each of the remaining two cases. PMID- 3226537 TI - Nontraumatic frontal lobe hemorrhages: clinical-computed tomographic correlations. AB - Correlation of lesion location and appearance with clinical sequelae in 25 patients with CT-proven frontal lobe hematomas reveals 10 of 25 hematomas were located above the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. Nine of the 10 patients were normotensive. All presented with contralateral motor and sensory deficits. Four of 25 hematomas were situated inferior to the frontal horns. All these patients were hypertensive, rapidly became comatose and exhibited hemiplegia, hemianesthesia and gaze preference contralateral to the hemiplegia. Five patients had frontal hematomas which extended inward from the interhemispheric fissure or caval-septal region. All were normotensive. All had anterior cerebral-anterior communicating artery aneurysms on angiography. Four patients had hematomas involving both the frontal and temporal region. All were normotensive with no known cause for hemorrhage. Two patients had bifrontal hematomas; one had butterfly appearance extending across the interhemispheric fissure and the other was midline but had no interhemispheric blood. Both were normotensive. One had an anterior cerebral-anterior communicating artery aneurysm. PMID- 3226538 TI - Evaluation of computer advisor in the interpretation of CT images of the head. AB - This paper describes the evaluation of a computer advisor system (BRAINS), which was constructed to aid in the interpretation of CT images of the head. It was developed at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, London. The system was transferred, without difficulty, to an 'external', that is previously unassociated, site (the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Manchester) for an external evaluation. Response of external users to the system was mixed. Many were unfamiliar with the concept of formal description of images and the evaluation demonstrated the need for a person to person training programme. Users who accessed the HELP facilities most frequently were the most successful in obtaining accurate descriptions and hence satisfactory diagnostic advice. An objective appraisal of user's success in describing images to obtain the correct diagnosis as first choice indicated that, in general, the system performed well. PMID- 3226539 TI - Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: assessment using MR. AB - We evaluated six patients with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) comparing clinical presentation with magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) imaging. MR diagnosed the condition as well as CT in all cases, but proved superior to CT in delineating the anatomical relationship of the vessels to the neural structures. MR proved especially useful in cases of VBD-associated hydrocephalus and posterior fossa masses. A coexisting tumor was diagnosed by MR in one case. PMID- 3226540 TI - Lumbar myelography with iopamidol: a methodological approach to the investigation of side effects. AB - Pathophysiology of adverse reactions occurring during myelography with non-ionic contrast agents, such as iopamidol, seem related to their direct action on the nervous system. The authors try a multivariate approach, involving neurophysiological, neuropsychological and neurochemical parameters on a pilot group of twelve subjects. Any possible change in the above examinations is thoroughly analyzed and correlated to the postulated neurotoxic properties of contrast media. PMID- 3226541 TI - F-responses after metrizamide and iohexol lumbar myelography. AB - We measured several F- and averaged F-response variables before and after lumbar myelography with metrizamide and iohexol in order to evaluate possible effects of these contrast agents upon proximal motor nerve conduction and motor neurone exitability. Averaged F-response onset latency increased while both duration and amplitude decreased after iohexol myelography. These changes were interpreted as signs of minor neural depression but they were slight and without clinical significance in the individual patient. F-response variables were not affected after metrizamide myelography. PMID- 3226542 TI - Dynamics of the spinal cord: an analysis of functional myelography by CT scan. AB - The antero-posterior movement of the spinal cord with flexion and extension of the neck was analyzed in order to clarify the mechanism of spinal cord compression in cases with postoperative spinal deformity, and to contribute to the improvement of the surgical methods of conventional laminectomy. The control subjects were 47 cases without cervico-thoracic neurological symptoms, who underwent CT myelography in flexion and extension of the neck; the cervical spinal cord was examined in 27 of these cases and the thoracic cord in the other 20. CT myelography was also carried out in 16 patients with cervical myelopathy and in 5 patients after posterior decompression surgery (suspension laminotomy). CT sections in flexion and extension of the neck were analyzed for 1) change of configuration of the dura mater and the spinal cord, and 2) antero-posterior shift of the spinal cord in the subarachnoid space. In the control subjects, the configuration of the dura mater was slightly flattened at C5/6, C6 and C6/7 in extension of the neck. The cervical spinal cord shifted anteriorly in flexion and posteriorly in extension of the neck, and was flattened at the midcervical level in flexion in the control subjects. There was a statistically significant correlation between the location of the spinal cord and the adjacent intervertebral angles at the levels of C4, C5 and C6. These results were compared with the results from the 16 patients with cervical myelopathy and 5 patients after suspension laminotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226543 TI - Further aspects of MR-signal enhancements in stenosis of the cervical spinal canal. MRI-investigations in correlation to clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. AB - The validity and anatomical basis of increased MR-signal intensity of the cord in cervical canal stenosis is discussed with respect to our own data of 32 patients (including results of clinical, CSF and other imaging technique findings) and previous reports. A shear-stress hypothesis with edematous tissue changes is favoured. PMID- 3226544 TI - Dimensions of the spinal canal in individuals symptomatic and non-symptomatic for sciatica: a CT study. AB - Measurements obtained in 50 spinal CT studies of patients referred for suspected lumbo-sacral nerve root compression, were compared to those of a group of 30 individuals asymptomatic in this respect, who had been referred for abdominal pathology. Transverse ligamentous interfacet and transverse dural dimensions were significantly reduced in the sciatica group, with usually normal interpedicular and sagittal dimensions ruling out idiopathic developmental stenosis. The borderline value for ligamentous interfacet distance (ILD) at L4-5 appeared to be 11 mm. PMID- 3226545 TI - Percutaneous needle evaluation of intradural extramedullary lesions of the lumbar spine. AB - A total of eight patients in whom five intradural extramedullary lesions and three epidural lesions were present were evaluated by percutaneous needle biopsy. In four patients the level of aspiration biopsy was determined using the initial myelogram and in those patients fluoroscopic guided percutaneous needle biopsies were performed. Three of these patients had large intradural extramedullary masses (above 1 cm); one patient had an epidural lesion. Diagnostic material was obtained in all cases (medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma). Immediate post procedure CT and clinical followup showed no complications. In three patients with small lesions (below 1 cm), post myelographic CT was used to determine the level of aspiration. Post myelographic CT showed an intradural extramedullary mass in one patient and epidural lesions in two cases. Plain CT showed a high attenuation lesion in one patient. CT guided percutaneous needle biopsies in these four patients yielded diagnostic specimens (neurofibroma, uroepithelial carcinoma, hematoma, Thorotrast deposit). Clinical follow up showed no complications. Our experience indicates that percutaneous needle biopsy of intradural extramedullary and epidural lesions of the lumbar spine is safe and efficacious. Depending upon the size of the lesions, myelography or CT can be utilized to determine the level of aspiration. PMID- 3226546 TI - Neuroblastoma-like epidural localization in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - We report a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with CNS involvement confined to the epidural space causing cranial suture diastasis. Cerebrospinal fluid and bone marrow were normal. Two cases only of cranial epidural lymphoma have been reported in the literature; in both cases, the leptomeninges were also involved but without suture diastasis. PMID- 3226547 TI - Medullary lesion revealed by MRI in a case of MS with respiratory arrest. AB - A 66-year-old MS patient who suffered respiratory arrest followed by complete remission is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a medullary lesion. Clinicoradiological relationships are discussed. PMID- 3226548 TI - [Evolution of theories on diseases and degenerative processes in the nervous system]. PMID- 3226549 TI - Multiple, primary multifocal brain astrocytoma. Case report. PMID- 3226551 TI - [Histological evaluation of neuroglia during the process of myelination in pt rabbits]. PMID- 3226550 TI - Influence of aging on density of myelin fractions isolated from human brain white matter. Preliminary report. PMID- 3226552 TI - Effect of moderate hypoxia on content and pattern of free fatty acids in cerebral white matter. PMID- 3226553 TI - [Morphological indicators of the changes in the central nervous system in cyanotic and non-cyanotic congenital heart defects in the developmental age. I. Morphometric evaluation of cerebral and cerebellar vascularization in congenital cyanotic and non-cyanotic heart defects]. PMID- 3226554 TI - [Homovanillic acid level and GABA-T activity in the rat brain after cobalt acetate poisoning]. PMID- 3226555 TI - The occurrence of cytoplasmic lamellar bodies in scrapie-infected and normal hamster brains. PMID- 3226556 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a patient with dominating dementia. PMID- 3226557 TI - Morphometry of myelin in the aging human brain. PMID- 3226558 TI - Diagnostic difficulties in a case of subacute sclerosing encephalitis. Light and electron-microscopic studies. PMID- 3226559 TI - [The role of endorphin in silent myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 3226561 TI - [Reciprocating atrioventricular tachycardia caused by a re-entry circuit involving an occult left atrioventricular anomalous pathway. A possible diagnosis with surface ecg]. PMID- 3226560 TI - [Heart complications in sclerosis of esophageal varices]. PMID- 3226562 TI - [Antihypertensive efficacy and effects on intra and extracellular electrolytes of a canrenoate potassium-butizide combination]. PMID- 3226563 TI - [Hypertrophic gingivitis caused by diltiazem]. PMID- 3226564 TI - [Mitral valve substitution with mechanical and biological prosthesis. Medium-term comparative analysis]. PMID- 3226565 TI - [A case of post-traumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 3226566 TI - [Usefulness of the evaluation of the diastolic function with echopolygraphy and radioisotopic angiography in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3226568 TI - [Role of electrophysiologic study in the sick sinus syndrome and in carotid sinus syndrome]. PMID- 3226567 TI - [Evaluation of platelet aggregation on whole blood with an impedantiometric technic in athletes and sedentary subjects subjected to submaximal physical exertion]. PMID- 3226569 TI - [Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the exercise test in a supine position in diagnosing coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 3226570 TI - [Evaluation of morning platelet aggregation in patients with ischemic cardiopathy after evening administration of indobufen]. PMID- 3226571 TI - [Normovolemic hemodilution in cardiovascular surgery]. PMID- 3226572 TI - [Prognostic value of the E-SIV distance, measured on discharge from the hospital, in patients surviving an acute primary myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3226573 TI - [Idiopathic familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Typing of the HLA system in 2 families and etiopathogenetic correlations]. PMID- 3226574 TI - [Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) in transitory myocardial ischemia induced by atrial pacing]. PMID- 3226576 TI - [Transitory ischemia of the sinoatrial node]. PMID- 3226575 TI - [Acute severe coronary insufficiency during intravenous therapy with buflomedil hydrochloride. Description of 4 cases]. PMID- 3226577 TI - [Syncope and cardiac arrest induced by stress. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 3226578 TI - [Congenital aneurysm of the body of the left atrium. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 3226579 TI - [Intrahepatic biliary calculosis]. PMID- 3226580 TI - [Surgery of the adrenal glands: laparatomy access with mobilization-medialization of the hypochondriac organs. Note on the surgical technic]. PMID- 3226581 TI - [Gunther's caval filter in the prevention of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 3226582 TI - [Tumors of the pancreas in the geriatric age]. PMID- 3226583 TI - [Usefulness of tumor markers in the diagnosis of squamous carcinoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 3226584 TI - [Suturing of duodenal perforations using a jejunal patch]. PMID- 3226585 TI - [Surgical treatment of perforative complications of colonic diverticula]. PMID- 3226586 TI - [Agenesis of the gallbladder. A case report]. PMID- 3226587 TI - [Idiopathic perforation of the cecum in newborn infants. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 3226589 TI - [Turin workshop on oncology. Review and comparison of experiences with breast carcinoma. (Turin, 5 November 1988). Proceedings]. PMID- 3226588 TI - [Carcinoma of the breast. Epidemiologic studies]. PMID- 3226590 TI - [Conservative treatment of carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 3226591 TI - [Surgical therapy in stage IV carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 3226592 TI - [Immediate reconstruction of the breast after surgery for unadvanced carcinoma]. PMID- 3226593 TI - [Late and deferred reconstruction after mastectomy]. PMID- 3226594 TI - [Results of hepatic resection for metastasis]. PMID- 3226595 TI - [Use of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 3226596 TI - [Role of radiotherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 3226597 TI - [Adjuvant therapy in breast carcinoma. A specific immunologic preliminary contribution]. PMID- 3226598 TI - [Psychological aspects in patients with tumors of the breast]. PMID- 3226599 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactivity in the ependymal cells of the rat spinal cord. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was demonstrated immunohistochemically in the entire ependymal and subependymal cells in all levels (cervical: C, thoracic: T, lumbar: L and sacral: S) of normal adult rat spinal cord. The VIP immunoreactive basal processes from the apical ependymal cells coursed dorsally or ventrally along the median plane and reached the pia mater of the dorsal and ventral median septa. Many VIP-immunoreactive basal processes terminated on the blood vessels in the neuropil around the central canal. A few microvilli of the ependymal cells that project into the central canal also demonstrated intense VIP immunoreactivity. These observations suggest that ependymal cells may be involved in the modulation of VIP levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and regulation of vascular tone of the blood vessels in the spinal cord. PMID- 3226600 TI - Adrenergic neurons in sheep brain demonstrated by immunohistochemistry with antibodies to phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DBH): absence of the C1 cell group in the sheep brain. AB - Using immunohistochemistry with specific antisera against dopamine-beta hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, we present the first description of the adrenergic structures of the sheep medulla oblongata. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive perikarya in the sheep brain are localized as described in the rodents (A1 and A2 groups) but their distribution is characterized by only one phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase immunoreactive cell body group, found in the nucleus tractus solitarius. This group corresponds to the C2 group previously described in the rat, but neither group C1 nor group C3 are found in the sheep with our method. Compared with rodents or primates, this animal presents a different pattern of central adrenergic innervation and could be an alternative model to study the central role of adrenaline in various physiological functions as different as swallowing or reproduction. PMID- 3226601 TI - Sauvagine/urotensin I-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. AB - The localization of a sauvagine (SV)/urotensin I (UI)-like material in the brain of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, was studied by immunohistochemical techniques, employing an antiserum raised in rabbit against synthetic SV which widely cross-reacts with UI. Positive cell bodies and nerve fibers were identified in the dorsocaudal hypothalamic region of the tuberculum posterius, in the nucleus sacci vasculosi and nucleus tuberculi posterioris. A dense network of immunoreactive axons was shown in the whole tuberculum posterius. These findings support the view that SV/UI-like peptides may be involved in neuromodulatory functions throughout the brain of cartilaginous fish. PMID- 3226602 TI - Convergence of afferent fibers from the entopeduncular nucleus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata onto single neurons in the ventromedial thalamic nucleus: an electron microscope study in the cat. AB - Convergence of afferent fibers from the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) onto single neurons in the ventromedial thalamic nucleus (VM) was shown electron microscopically in the cat. Axon terminals from the EP were anterogradely labeled with wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) injected into the EP. Axon terminals from the SNr were degenerated by injecting ibotenic acid into the SNr. Both WGA-HRP labeled axon terminals and degenerating ones were found on single neuronal profiles in the VM. PMID- 3226603 TI - Localization of glucocorticoid receptor in neuropeptide Y-containing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. AB - Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was localized immunohistochemically in nuclei of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. The double immunostaining method further revealed that about half of the GR-positive neurons in the arcuate nucleus were also immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y (NPY). PMID- 3226604 TI - Candidate interneurons mediating peripherally evoked disynaptic inhibition of masseter motoneurons of both sides. AB - Location and axonal projection of interneurons presumed to mediate disynaptic inhibition evoked from the trigeminal sensory nerve in the ipsi- and contralateral masseter motoneurons were studied in pentobarbital anesthetized cats. Neurons monosynaptically excited from the periphery and antidromically activated from the contralateral trigeminal motor nucleus at low current intensity, hence probably terminating there, were found in the supratrigeminal region. Intracellular staining of such cells revealed collaterals terminating in the ipsilateral masseter motor nucleus. It is suggested that both the crossed and uncrossed disynaptic inhibition of masseter motoneurons are at least in part relayed by the same neurons in the supratrigeminal region. PMID- 3226605 TI - Convergence of noncholinergic afferent neurons in the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the guinea pig. AB - The pattern of noncholinergic innervation of principal ganglionic neurons from the lumbar colonic nerve (LCN) and lumbar splanchnic nerve (LSN) in the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) of the guinea pig was studied with intracellular techniques. Simultaneous stimulation of the LCN and LSN at maximum frequency (20 Hz) and submaximal stimulus voltages (2-4 V) led to summation of slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSPs) indicating convergence of neural input. Summation was observed with submaximal (but not maximal) stimulation parameters in cells with either large or small amplitude maximum slow EPSPs suggesting that each neuron has an individual maximum capacity to depolarize in response to non cholinergic transmitter substances. The study indicates that neurons originating at both peripheral and central sites converge onto principal ganglionic neurons, thus these ganglionic neurons must perform a significant integrative function in the IMG. PMID- 3226606 TI - Renal and cardiovascular afferent inputs to hypothalamic paraventriculo-spinal neurons. AB - Experiments were done in chloralose-anesthetized cats to identify single units in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) that responded to stimulation of afferent renal nerves (ARN) and the buffer nerves (carotid sinus (CSN) and aortic depressor (ADN) nerves), and whose axons projected directly to thoracic spinal sympathetic areas. Of 426 single units tested in the PVH region, 20 were antidromically activated by stimulation of the spinal cord. Sixteen of these antidromic units (80%) responded orthodromically to stimulation of ARN and/or the buffer nerves; 6 units (30%) were excited by ARN stimulation only, 2 units (10%) were excited by both ARN and buffer nerve stimulation, and 6 units were excited and 2 inhibited by buffer nerve stimulation only. These data demonstrate that sensory information originating in renal and cardiovascular receptors alters the firing rate of PVH-spinal projecting neurons and suggest that this long renal-PVH reflex loop may contribute to the elevation of arterial pressure (AP) during conditions when ARN are activated. PMID- 3226607 TI - The contribution of vestibular input to the stabilization of human posture: a new experimental approach. AB - An experiment was designed to evaluate the vestibular contribution to the stabilization of upright stance in normals and in two patients with loss of vestibular function. A forward or backward displacement of a load (2 kg) by a torque motor attached to the subject induced opposing movements in the head and trunk. The small linear acceleration of the head in space of about 0.1 g was followed, with a latency of 50-65 ms, by EMG responses in the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris (backward acceleration) or gastrocnemius muscles (forward acceleration). These responses were absent in patients with a vestibular deficit. It is suggested that the observed EMG responses are due to fast acting vestibulospinal reflexes involved in the regulation of upright stance. For comparable head accelerations the integrated EMG responses induced by the vestibulospinal mechanism are about ten times smaller than those induced by spinal stretch reflexes during displacement of the feet. Vestibulospinal reflexes would appear, therefore, to play only a minor role in the compensation of stumbling. PMID- 3226608 TI - B vitamins suppress spinal dorsal horn nociceptive neurons in the cat. AB - To explore the role of vitamin B in neural mechanisms of analgesia, we investigated the effect of a compound of vitamins B1, B6 and B12 (Neurobion, E. Merck) on the nociceptive responses of single neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn in anesthetized cats. Intrathecal superfusion of Neurobion, using a small pool placed on the spinal surface, produced a significant dose-dependent depression in the responses evoked by noxious skin heating (50 or 52 degrees C, 10 s) of hindfoot skin, but not of spontaneous activity in dorsal horn neurons. These results indicate that the therapeutic effect of vitamin B compounds in the clinical management of pain may involve a suppression of nociceptive transmission at the spinal level. PMID- 3226609 TI - Naloxone-precipitated contractions of the guinea pig ileum made tolerant to a synthetic opioid peptide: evidence against the involvement of capsaicin-sensitive neurones. AB - In segments of guinea pig ileum made tolerant-dependent to the synthetic opioid peptide [D-Met2,Pro5]enkephalinamide, naloxone (1 microM) caused half-maximal longitudinal contractions. These were strongly reduced by hyoscine or desensitization to serotonin but not by hexamethonium, desensitization to substance P or pretreatment with capsaicin. Contractions of similar size evoked by capsaicin (0.3 microM) in the presence of naloxone were abolished by capsaicin pretreatment, reduced by substance P desensitization or hyoscine but not by desensitization to serotonin. Thus, the two types of contraction clearly have different mechanisms; enteric capsaicin-sensitive neurones or substance P containing motor neurones seem not to be involved in the naloxone-precipitated contraction while serotonin may play a role in this response. PMID- 3226610 TI - Intracerebroventricular injection of brain natriuretic peptide inhibits vasopressin secretion in conscious rats. AB - The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a novel peptide purified from the porcine brain, on arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion was studied in conscious, unrestrained rats and was compared with that of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP). I.c.v. administration of BNP (0.01, 0.1 or 1 nmol) significantly inhibited basal AVP secretion and the effect of BNP was comparable to that of ANP. The AVP secretion induced by i.c.v. injection of angiotensin II (0.1 nmol) was significantly suppressed by the pretreatment with BNP (0.1 or 1 nmol). These results suggest that BNP is involved in the central control of AVP secretion either alone or in combination with brain ANP. PMID- 3226611 TI - 'Photo-degeneration' of neurones after extracellular dye application. AB - Irradiation in the presence of a dye applied to the extracellular space was found to trigger neuronal degeneration in fly photoreceptor neurones. This phenomenon endowed the selected cells with a dark and fine-grained label such that they could be traced and scrutinized for synaptic specializations. It also initiated their phagocytotic removal from the neural network. Various states of degeneration fitting classical descriptions could be achieved by acting upon the light dose. The phenomenon seems to rely on photosensitization of the cell by the dye. The simplicity and precision with which this phenomenon can be induced makes 'photo-degeneration' an exciting prospective tool for combined anatomical and physiological studies on (natural) neural networks and may provide a new line of medical applications. PMID- 3226612 TI - The effect of arginine vasopressin and V1 receptor antagonist on brain water in cat. AB - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is important in brain water regulation. To better understand the effect of AVP released by extrahypothalamic fibers in brain, we microinfused AVP into intact brain and studied its effect on brain water and electrolytes. Adult cats had 5 ng of AVP infused into the caudate nuclei. Four h after infusion the brains were removed for measurement of water and electrolyte contents. Animals infused with AVP were compared to controls infused with saline. AVP increased water content significantly in gray and white matter sites, while electrolyte content was unchanged. Another group of animals had intracerebral infusions with 5 ng of AVP and 50 ng of a V1 receptor antagonist, (d(CH2)5Tyr (Me)AVP). The antagonist blocked the increase in water, suggesting a V1 receptor mediated the action. PMID- 3226613 TI - Distinguishing in vitro electrochemical signatures for norepinephrine and dopamine. AB - An electrochemical method for the qualitative detection of dopamine and norepinephrine in the presence of serotonin and other purported contaminants in vitro is described. The method uses semidifferential electrochemistry in conjunction with a stearate graphite paste electrode. A method to distinguish electrochemical signatures for specific catecholamines is particularly important because catecholamines are known to have similar oxidation potentials for electrochemical detection. The findings may bear relevance to the interpretation of electrochemical signals from discrete brain nuclei in vivo. PMID- 3226614 TI - Increased extracellular levels of ascorbate in the striatum after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat monitored by intracerebral microdialysis. AB - Extracellular (EC) ascorbate concentrations were measured in microdialysates from the striatum bilaterally in rats subjected to unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The focal cerebral ischemia induced a dramatic increase in ascorbate on the ipsilateral (operated) side while the levels remained at the preocclusion level in the striatum of the contralateral (control) hemisphere. The possibility that ascorbate may aggravate ischemic neuronal damage by its proposed neuromodulatory properties and/or by its ability to induce lipid peroxidation is discussed. PMID- 3226615 TI - The electrophysiological effects of melatonin and a putative melatonin antagonist (N-acetyltryptamine) on rat suprachiasmatic neurones in vitro. AB - Several studies have implicated the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) as a target for the action of melatonin in its regulation of seasonal and circadian behaviour. Single-unit activity from the SCN and adjacent paraventricular area and anterior hypothalamus was recorded using the in vitro rat hypothalamic slice preparation. Neurones were tested for responses to iontophoresed or pressure ejected melatonin (n = 62) and serotonin (5-HT, n = 80). The majority (n = 24-26) of melatonin sensitive SCN neurones were inhibited by melatonin in a dose-dependent manner during the latter portion of the projected light phase of the circadian light dark cycle. A putative melatonin antagonist, N-acetyltryptamine, exhibited concentration dependent mixed agonist-antagonist effects on melatonin-evoked responses. PMID- 3226616 TI - Marked reduction of rat brain glutathione following intracerebroventricular administration of the glutathione synthesis inhibitor L-buthionine sulfoximine. PMID- 3226617 TI - Serum acetylcholinesterase possesses trypsin-like and carboxypeptidase B-like activity. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) purified from the electric organ of eel possesses a protease activity resembling that of a neuropeptide processing enzyme. To examine whether any mammalian AChEs possess a similar protease activity, the enzyme was purified, 110,000-fold from foetal bovine serum. Purified serum AChE cleaved 2 synthetic peptide substrates in a manner resembling the combined actions of trypsin-like and carboxypeptidase B-like enzymes. A synthetic fragment of preproenkephalin A (residues 97-107) containing a complete methionine-enkephalin sequence was cleaved by serum AChE to yield free methionine enkephalin. The carboxypeptidase action of AChE was weakly stimulated by the presence of 100 microM CoCl2 suggesting the requirement of a metal ion for complete activity. The results support the hypothesis that in many tissues AChE may act as a neuropeptide processing enzyme. PMID- 3226618 TI - Changes in choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity and the number of immunoreactive fibers remaining after lesions to the magnocellular basal nucleus of rats. AB - Electrolytic and kainic acid lesions of the magnocellular basal nucleus of rats caused a homogeneous reduction in the density of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactive fibers in the frontal and parietal cortices. ChAT immunoreactivity of the remaining fibers after unilateral lesions was increased ipsilaterally within the deafferentated areas. The number of intact immunoreactive fibers was consistently low through the period from 7 days to 6 months after the lesion. A previous finding that biochemically measured ChAT activity in the lesioned side recovered to the contralateral level should be interpreted as an increase in the content of ChAT in terminal axons rather than fiber sprouting. PMID- 3226619 TI - Reversal of the antinociceptive effects of intrathecally administered serotonin in the rat by a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. AB - The ability of the highly selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ICS 205-930 (3 alpha-tropanyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid ester) to block the increase in tail flick (TFL) and hot plate latencies (HPL) produced by intrathecally (i.t.) administered serotonin (5-HT) was examined in pargyline pretreated rats. ICS 205 930 (0.1 microgram, i.t.) blocked the ability of 5-HT (200 micrograms) to increase TFL and HPL. Significant hyperalgesia, as measured by a decrease in TFL and HPL compared to saline controls, also resulted from either the coadministration of ICS 205-930 (10 micrograms) and 5-HT (200 micrograms) or from ICS 205-930 (100 micrograms) alone. These data suggest an important role for 5 HT3 receptors in modulating spinal nociceptive responses. PMID- 3226620 TI - Colocalization of GABA and glycine immunoreactivities in a subset of retinal neurons in tiger salamander. AB - Alternate serial 1 micron Durcupan resin sections of tiger salamander retina were stained with antisera against GABA and glycine using postembed immunocytochemical techniques. Although the vast majority of neurons were labeled by either GABA or glycine antiserum, a small percentage of presumed amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer and cells in the ganglion cell layer were clearly labeled by both antisera, indicative of colocalization of endogenous GABA and glycine. Although there is a greater than 90% chance that a labeled cell will be clearly labeled for either GABA or glycine immunoreactivity, the possibility for cotransmission of two inhibitory transmitters must be considered for a small percentage of these retinal neurons. PMID- 3226621 TI - L-dopa-immunoreactive neurons in the rat hypothalamic tuberal region. AB - The presence of L-DOPA-immunoreactivity is reported for the first time in the rat hypothalamic tuberal region. L-DOPA-immunoreactive neurons were demonstrated to be present in the ventrolateral part of the arcuate nucleus and periarcuate region just dorsal to the ventral surface of the brain (VLAR/PA). Weakly L-DOPA immunostained neurons were found in the dorsomedial part of the arcuate nucleus and its neighboring periventricular nucleus (DMAR/PV). In contrast, dopamine (DA) immunoreactive neurons were detected only in the DMAR/PV. These findings suggest that L-DOPA exists not only as a precursor of DA in neurons of the DMAR/PV, but also as an end-product in cells of the VLAR/PA. PMID- 3226622 TI - Endogenous L-dopa, its immunoreactivity in neurons of midbrain and its projection fields in the cat. AB - L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) immunoreactivity was demonstrated in neurons of the cat ventral midbrain and its projection areas, using an immunohistochemical method in conjunction with a newly developed highly specific anti-L-DOPA serum. L-DOPA-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were found in the substantia nigra, retrorubral area and ventral tegmental area of Tsai. L-DOPA labeled fibers and terminals were hardly detectable in the nigrostriatal pathway and in the caudate nucleus which showed very intense dopamine-immunoreactivity. In contrast, many short labeled processes were detectable in the central amygdala and, although very few in number, in the entorhinal cortex. PMID- 3226623 TI - Immunocytochemical study of serotoninergic and noradrenergic innervation of the ventrobasal complex of the rat thalamus. AB - Whereas the anatomy and function of monoaminergic afferents to the spinal cord areas involved in somesthesia and pain have been widely studied, little is known about the monoaminergic innervation of the primary somatosensory thalamic relay nucleus. The present study demonstrates immunocytochemically at both the light and the electron microscopic levels the presence of noradrenergic and serotoninergic fibers in the ventrobasal complex of the rat thalamus (VB). Despite the presence of numerous immunoreactive varicosities, synaptic differentiation was not observed at the level of apposition of membranes between monoaminergic afferents and VB neuronal profiles. The hypothesis of a non synaptic modulation of VB neuronal activity by monoaminergic afferents is discussed. PMID- 3226624 TI - Adrenergic development of neural crest cells grown in a defined medium under a reconstituted basement-membrane-like matrix. AB - The embryonic neural crest of vertebrates is the source of a wide variety of adult cell types. We have demonstrated previously that the presence of a reconstituted basement-membrane-like (RBM) gel overlay can dramatically stimulate the development of adrenergic cells in neural crest cultures grown in a complex medium containing horse serum and chick embryo extract. In the present experiments we have analyzed the differentiation of neural crest cells grown in a defined medium with an RBM gel overlay. We found that the presence of the RBM gel promoted the development of catecholamine-containing (CA+) cells in neural crest cultures grown in defined medium compared to cultures grown in this same medium in the absence of the gel. The number of CA+ cells which developed in cultures grown in defined medium in the presence of the RBM gel overlay was similar to that seen in cultures grown in complex medium in the absence of the RBM gel. PMID- 3226625 TI - Two-dimensional immunoblotting analysis and immunocytochemical localization of the secretory polypeptide 7B2 in adrenal medulla. AB - The soluble proteins of bovine chromaffin granules were subjected to 2D electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting with an antiserum against the pituitary peptide 7B2. One immunoreactive spot was visualized at a position corresponding to a molecular weight of 24,000 and to a pI of 5.2. Using peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) pre-embedding immunocytochemical technique for electron microscopy, 7B2 has been localized within secretory granules with diameters of approximately 115 and 190 nm in noradrenergic and adrenergic cells respectively. These data establish that in chromaffin granules 7B2 represents a minor component of the acidic proteins which include the chromogranins A and B, secretogranin II and the enkephalin-containing peptides. PMID- 3226626 TI - The effect of neonatal deafferentation or deefferentation on the immunocytochemistry of muscle spindles in the rat. AB - Immature muscle spindles were either deafferented or deefferented by selectively severing the sensory or motor nerve supply to the soleus muscle in neonatal rats. Experimental spindles were examined two months after the surgery using monoclonal antibodies specific for myosin heavy chains of slow-tonic and fast-twitch chicken muscles. The deefferented spindles exhibited a pattern of antibody binding that closely resembled that of normal adult intrafusal fibers, whereas deafferented intrafusal fibers were unreactive with the two antibodies. These observations suggest that sensory innervation is responsible for the expression of myosins in developing intrafusal muscle fibers of rat. PMID- 3226627 TI - Aberrant morphology of serotonergic fibers in the forebrain of the aged rat. AB - The morphological aspects and density of the serotonergic innervation in the forebrain of young (2 months) and aged (28-32 months) rats was studied employing immunocytochemistry with an antibody to serotonin. In the aged rats aberrant morphology of many of the preserved fibers was observed. The aberrant fibers were characterized by swollen varicosities and swollen intervaricose connections. They formed small networks. These findings were mainly restricted to the frontoparietal cortex and caudate putamen. In the same regions we observed a decrease in serotonergic innervation. There was no overall relation between aberrant morphology and decrease of serotonin-innervation as we observed a decrease in fiber density without morphological abnormalities in the hippocampus. It is suggested that the aberrant morphology may reflect the local degeneration of serotonergic forebrain afferents during the process of aging. PMID- 3226628 TI - Protein deficiency in three generations of one family. PMID- 3226629 TI - Hyperparathyroidism masquerading as hyperemesis gravidarum. PMID- 3226630 TI - Ten-year experience in otolaryngology medical malpractice claims in New Jersey. PMID- 3226631 TI - Opinion: clinical use of urine testing in relapse prevention. PMID- 3226632 TI - Doctors sued by patients tested for HIV without permission. PMID- 3226633 TI - Prisoner with AIDS convicted of assault with dangerous weapon. PMID- 3226634 TI - Limiting treatment: a guide for the perplexed. PMID- 3226635 TI - Hospital malnutrition still abounds. PMID- 3226636 TI - Dental caries and dental fluorosis. PMID- 3226637 TI - Ambulatory care centers: a unique opportunity for nurse practitioners. AB - Nurse practitioners continue to struggle to find avenues for professional fulfillment. Urgent care or ambulatory care centers (ACCs) may, because of their need to respond to consumer demands for more comprehensive services, offer nurse practitioners a unique opportunity to establish productive primary care practices based on the concepts of total patient care. A model for such a practice has operated successfully since 1983, establishing that both professional and business success can result from the collaborative efforts of nurse practitioners and physicians in an ACC setting. PMID- 3226638 TI - Pain theories and their relevance to nursing practices. AB - Pain is a feared but universal experience. Early pain theories focused on locating neurological pain fibers. However, when surgical interventions failed to control the pain, other explanations were sought. The interplay between practice and research has advanced our understanding and management of pain. Current pain theories explain pain as a physical, psychological and social experience. Nursing interventions that are multidimensional will have a better chance at ameliorating a patient's pain. PMID- 3226639 TI - Interstitial cystitis: painful bladder syndrome. AB - Although interstitial cystitis is a fairly uncommon cause of cystitis in patients, it is one that is frequently misdiagnosed as either bacterial, urological or gynecological in origin. Interstitial cystitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of unknown etiology, involving the bladder wall. The patient is usually a middle-aged female with presenting symptoms of 1) subacute development of pain on bladder filling, 2) urinary frequency unrelieved at night and 3) urgency. Patients complain of a varying degree of symptoms over several months or years without complete relief at any time, regardless of antibiotic treatment. The urine culture is negative and the only physical examination finding may be some urethral/vaginal tenderness. With careful attention to the symptom complex and accurate diagnostic testing, the diagnosis can be confirmed. This article summarizes the etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities for interstitial cystitis; patient-counseling suggestions are provided. PMID- 3226640 TI - Differing views: how to enable N.Y. NPs to diagnose, treat and prescribe. PMID- 3226641 TI - Nurses continue struggle for improvement in Nicaragua. PMID- 3226642 TI - Tourette's syndrome and movement disorders. Proceedings of a conference. Grand Forks, ND, October 16, 1987. PMID- 3226643 TI - Climbing behavior permits in vivo assessment of pre- and postsynaptic extrapyramidal dopaminergic function in mice. AB - The natural tendency of mice to climb has been investigated in this study as an index of extrapyramidal dopaminergic function. Depending on dose, apomorphine reduced (low dose range; presynaptic dopamine receptor agonism) or increased (high dose-range; postsynaptic dopamine receptor agonism) climbing activity with respect to spontaneous basal levels of such activity in Swiss-Webster mice. We report also an increase in apomorphine-induced enhancement of vertical climbing activity in mice withdrawing from the acute effects of cesium chloride. Spontaneous climbing activity in mice could reflect dynamic extrapyramidal motor tone, upon which voluntary motor activity is superimposed and which, in humans, is adversely affected in motor disorders like parkinsonism. PMID- 3226644 TI - Maternal cesium chloride ingestion and the newborn. AB - The effect of pre and postnatal maternal ingestion of CsCl on neonatal growth and development was studied in the Sprague-Dawley albino mouse. The effects of such treatment on selected offspring organ weights, some hepatic and cardiac enzymes were also studied. The CsCl was given in drinking water at conception, during gestation, lactation and throughout the 21 days of breast-feeding of the weanling. The weanlings were separated from the nursing dams for a subsequent 3 weeks and had access to food and distilled water. Maternal Cs treatment caused a sex-dependent decrease of weanling's body weight which attained the control level 3 weeks after discontinued breast-feeding. The offspring's brain and testis weights were decreased from corresponding control while spleen weight was increased during postnatal maturation and in the absence of maternal breast feeding. Maternal CsCl ingestion resulted in an induction of weanling hepatic ethanol but not acetaldehyde metabolizing enzyme. The hepatic cytoplasmic, but not mitochondrial, NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase was induced 3 weeks later in the developing offspring after cessation of maternal nursing. These neonatal toxicity measurements were not apparent in the maternal tissues studied. There was a differential developmental response in the induction of neonatal hepatic ethanol metabolizing enzyme by maternal exposure to Cs+. The cellular fractionation of developing offspring liver aldehyde dehydrogenase showed that such enzymatic induction was cellular specific and was confined to the subcellular cytoplasmic fraction. The results suggest that Cs+ was most probably transferred to the fetus and/or to breast milk to the suckling newborn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226645 TI - Tourette's medications: effect on minor oxidative and reductive pathways of biogenic amines. AB - The effect of acute treatment of two major Tourette's drugs, haloperidol and pimozide given 60 mg/kg, IP over 48 hr, on hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (L-ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase was studied in the female mouse. The effect of these drugs on heart cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase (H-LDH) isoenzyme LDH1 (M) and LDH2 (H) was also measured. Both haloperidol and pimozide significantly inhibited cytoplasmic L-ADH and L-ALDH from controls. Conversely, the haloperidol treatment was associated with induction of both H-LDH isoenzymes studied. Injection of pimozide, 25 mg/kg, IP, to rats with preference to ethanol drinking, caused aversion to voluntary intake of 5% ethanol consumption. This suggests that pimozide produced inhibition of L-ADH in another species and thereby causing aversion to ethanol drinking or may be related to dopaminergic antagonist property. This inhibition of these drugs on the oxidative and reductive pathways of biogenic amine aldehydes may be implicated in and/or associated with the underlying mechanism(s) of action. PMID- 3226646 TI - Effect of amantadine on chlorpromazine and reserpine-induced behavioral depression in the mouse. AB - The effect of pretreatment with amantadine (AMN) on chlorpromazine (CPZ) and reserpine (RES)-produced behavioral depression was studied in the male mouse. The effect of this treatment on hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (L-ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (L-ALDH), which catalyze the metabolism of biogenic amine aldehydes, was also investigated. Administration of AMN, 100 mg/kg, initially decreased spontaneous locomotor activity from saline control. Pretreatment with identical dose of AMN 15 min before small dose of CPZ or RES, 0.2 mg/kg, further suppressed motility compared to animals receiving the individual AMN, CPZ or RES treatment. Using a second dose regimen of these compounds, given 5 hr post the initial injection, altered L-ALDH as a function of its subcellular localization. This was demonstrated by AMN-produced induction of mitochondrial, but not cytoplasmic L-ALDH. Likewise, a moderate but not statistically significant increase in endogenous mitochondrial L-ALDH was determined subsequent to the CPZ treatment. Treatment with AMN prior to CPZ reduced the enhancement of L-ALDH to control levels. The RES dose used was devoid of action on remainder of hepatic enzymes measured. The results indicate that AMN possesses central depressant property which was potentiated by CPZ and RES. The enzymatic data suggest antagonism between AMN and CPZ on induction of mitochondrial L-ALDH. PMID- 3226647 TI - Tourette disorder in North Dakota. AB - This paper describes the symptom profiles of a large group of patients with Gilles de la Tourette disorder (TD). In Part one we report the results of a questionnaire study of patients in North Dakota with TD. The data suggest that TD patients have high rates of academic and social problems. Obsessive-compulsive symptomatology is quite high in this population. This report is unique in that these results are reported using an available data base to allow for pooling of future research in TD patients in other settings. In Part two of this paper we discuss important findings from our clinic population of 130 TD patients. PMID- 3226648 TI - Familial pervasive development disorder, Tourette disorder and hyperlexia. AB - Four children and one adult have been found to have Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Tourette disorder and hyperlexia in North Dakota, a state with a population of 204,161 children ages 0-18. Assuming that these are independent disorders the probability of these three disorders occurring by chance in one child is 3.39 x 10(-12). Two of these individuals are from the same family. This suggests evidence for genetic linkage among these three disorders. PMID- 3226649 TI - Differential responsiveness to lithium in patients with Tourette disorder. AB - The current status of the use of lithium in the treatment of tic disorders is reviewed. Areas of pathophysiologic overlap between bipolar and tic symptomatology are explored from the standpoint of shared etiology versus co morbidity. Data from ten cases of children and adolescents with tic disorders treated with lithium are presented. Five exhibited a positive response to tic and associated symptoms, while five did not. Treatment responders versus nonresponders were compared along a number of parameters including co-morbidity with other syndromes, family history, prior medication history, medication used concurrently with lithium, and medication used subsequent to treatment with lithium. Differences between the two groups are explored. PMID- 3226650 TI - Tourette syndrome and social functioning in a Canadian population. AB - Two hundred and ten patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) and/or their parents completed a survey, answering questions about the frequency and disruptiveness of vocal and motor tics, behaviour problems and sleep disturbances. Respondents also rated the impact of TS symptoms on social relationships and level of personal and social functioning. Motor tics were reported to be more problematic than were vocal tics. Disruptive behavioural problems included obsessive-compulsive rituals, hyperactivity, anxiety, temper tantrums, mood swings, aggressiveness and coprolalia. Respondents also reported problems getting to sleep, bad dreams, somnambulism and enuresis. More than 40% of respondents reported problems in dating, and problems in making and keeping friends. Family members, friends and physicians were reported to be the most understanding and tolerant of TS symptoms; employers were rated as being the least understanding. More than 30% of respondents reported some problems in coping, but more than 50% of respondents also rated their mental health as good or excellent. PMID- 3226651 TI - Tourette syndrome: impact on Canadian family functioning. AB - An evaluation of the impact of Tourette Syndrome on the family. Self-report data were gathered from a Canadian sample of over two hundred Tourette Syndrome patients and/or their families regarding the effects of TS on family life. Patients rated the extent to which having TS interfered with the family's day-to day activities. Also indicated was whether marital difficulties or difficulties with alcohol or drugs arose since the Tourette diagnosis was made. Data were also gathered on the number of TS patients or other family members who sought professional counselling and the extent to which counselling was found helpful. PMID- 3226652 TI - Tourette syndrome and educational problems in Canada. AB - A comprehensive survey of known Tourette Syndrome patients was conducted on a national basis in Canada. In addition to in-depth historical background information, symptomatology, geography and demographics, data were collected regarding educational issues. Approximately 70% of the sample were receiving some sort of education. The most commonly cited educational problems were with concentration, paying attention, and performance on time-limited tasks. In almost all cases the school had been informed of the Tourette Syndrome diagnosis, but in 78% of respondents the school personnel were rated as not at all knowledgeable regarding TS. Despite problems, 66% of TS patients reported being generally satisfied with the education being received. Patients made recommendations regarding how educational experiences could be made better. Of these suggestions, educating educators was the most frequent recommendation. PMID- 3226653 TI - Tourette disorder and schizophrenia in children. AB - In North Dakota children, the prevalence rate for DSM-III schizophrenia is 0.19 per 10,000 for both sexes; for males 0.35 per 10,000 and 0 per 10,000 for females. In this report we utilize case studies to convey the symptomatic courses of the 2 child patients with DSM-III-R defined schizophrenia. Both patients first developed Tourette Disorder (TD) and later developed schizophrenia by DSM-III and by DSM-III-R criteria. Among North Dakota children with TD the prevalence rate of schizophrenia is 8.7% for boys. The ramifications of concordance for the two disorders are explored. PMID- 3226654 TI - Tourette disorder and mutational falsetto. AB - Speech, language and voice disorders associated with Tourette Disorder (TD) are reviewed. Two cases of TD associated with falsetto are presented. The relationship between abnormalities in vocal pitch and tic symptomatology is explored. PMID- 3226655 TI - Diagnosis of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. AB - Problems in the diagnosis of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders are reviewed. Modification and application of recent developments in neuroimaging, molecular genetics and population studies are presented. A prioritized list of needed investigations is discussed. PMID- 3226656 TI - Rett syndrome: case reports and management strategies. AB - Rett Syndrome (RS) is a mental retardation syndrome occurring in females consisting of normal pre-, peri-, and neonatal growth and development, followed by rapid regression after 3 but before 30 months, an arrest of the regression and a developmental plateau. The regression results in autistic behavior, with loss of production and comprehension of language, seizures, hyperventilation, characteristic hand-wringing, and ataxic gait. Four case histories of RS from the authors' practice are presented. Management strategies are presented and needed research is suggested. PMID- 3226657 TI - Nursing care of patients with Parkinson's disease. AB - Nursing interventions for each of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, tremors at rest and postural reflex abnormalities, are designed to increase the patient's quality of life by minimizing symptoms. Nurses are responsible for planning patient medication schedules to maximize drug effectiveness. Dietary implications include a low-protein regimen for the patient during the day, eliminating foods high in Vitamin B6, high caloric foods, and soft-solid foods offered at frequent feedings. Constipation is addressed by increasing the patient's fiber and fluid intake and by increasing the patient's mobility. Patient mobility is increased when the patient is taught purposeful activities and to concentrate on the way he walks. Communication is facilitated if the patient takes deep breaths before speaking and uses diaphragmatic speech. A telephone receiver which amplifies the patient's voice is also available. Interventions are good only if the patient chooses to implement them; he is the head of the health team planning his care. PMID- 3226659 TI - Orthodontics. PMID- 3226658 TI - Into deepest lung with drug and camera. AB - Alveoli of guinea pigs subjected to high partial pressures of oxygen (pO2 500 mmHg) for 6 days were studied with the scanning electron microscope. After six days the alveoli of untreated guinea pigs were engorged with an increased volume of alveolar type II cells and macrophages resulting in death of approximately half of the animals. Guinea pigs that had been pretreated with reserpine and phenoxybenzamine catecholamine inhibitors did not show the damaging ultrastructural changes seen in the untreated controls, although phenoxybenzamine was less effective in preventing the changes than reserpine. The results support previous experiments implicating the sympathetic nervous system in the production of pulmonary pathology due to oxygen toxicity. PMID- 3226660 TI - Risks of industrial mercury exposure in pregnancy. PMID- 3226661 TI - Prolapsed cervical leiomyosarcoma. PMID- 3226662 TI - High-risk pregnancy. PMID- 3226663 TI - Preconceptional counseling. AB - Women who have a greater chance of having a high-risk pregnancy can benefit most from counseling before pregnancy occurs. These women include older individuals, those with recurrent pregnancy loss, members of specific ethnic groups, those exposed to potential teratogenic agents, patients with metabolic or genetic diseases, and those with an obstetric history of isoimmunization, previous cesarean section, or preterm delivery. Preconceptional counseling is an extension of prenatal care intended to minimize the maternal and fetal risk, to prevent birth defects, and to provide high-risk women with information about the risk and available options. Most of these options are viable only if the patient is aware of their availability before attempting conception. It is the physician's responsibility to provide preconceptional counseling to such women or to refer them to centers where such counseling services are available. PMID- 3226664 TI - Acoustic stimulation testing. AB - The nonstress test is the most widely employed method of fetal health assessment. The current approach is to use the OCT or biophysical profile as a means of identifying the fetus at very high risk should the nonstress test be either nonreassuring or equivocal. The acoustic stimulation test may have a predictive ability similar to that of the biophysical profile and thus may be used to complement nonstress testing as early as 28 weeks' gestation. It reliably invokes a reactive NST in those fetuses destined to demonstrate reactivity with persistence in monitoring and facilitates more rapid and efficient testing. The acoustic test may have the additional benefit of providing a screening mechanism for anomalies in which neurologic performance is suboptimal. However, because the test has not been studied on large numbers of patients and because different applications of such stimuli may elicit differing responses, its adaptation for clinical use should be cautious at the present time. PMID- 3226665 TI - Limits of fetal viability. Obstetric considerations regarding the management and delivery of the extremely premature baby. AB - The maternal-fetal/neonatal considerations regarding management near the limits of viability are becoming increasingly complex. This article presents a data base upon which to formulate clinical decisions. Epidemiologic and financial considerations are discussed, and a perinatal management approach to the more common clinical situations is provided. PMID- 3226666 TI - Oxytocin for the induction of labor. AB - The obstetric benefits and dangers of using oxytocin to promote uterine activity have long been appreciated. The induction of labor should be undertaken when the positive reasons for delivery outweigh the risks of allowing the pregnancy to continue. Over the years, recognition of the pharmacokinetics of oxytocin has led to modifications in how it is administered for the induction of labor. Most would agree that it should be used in the lowest possible dose that will provide a safe as well as efficacious process of labor for both patients: the woman and her fetus. The sensitivity of the uterus to oxytocin varies with gestational age and from individual to individual. Likewise, each fetus exhibits its own tolerance to the effects of this drug. Close surveillance of each patient's uterine activity response and labor curve and of her fetus's heart rate response is an essential part of the induction of labor. PMID- 3226667 TI - Eclampsia. AB - The incidence of eclampsia has decreased over the past two decades. Proper prenatal care with early identification and hospitalization of patients with mild pre-eclampsia is responsible for this reduction. Modifications of current obstetrics teachings designed to heighten awareness of the risk of both midtrimester and late-postpartum eclampsia could further reduce its occurrence. However, there will always be a small number of women in whom eclampsia is not preventable. Eclamptic patients should be counseled regarding the increased risk of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia in their sisters and daughters as well as their increased risk for both recurrence of the disease and perinatal death in subsequent pregnancies. PMID- 3226669 TI - Cesarean section. PMID- 3226668 TI - Diabetes and pregnancy. AB - The possibility of a normal outcome of pregnancy for both mother and fetus exists in most instances of diabetes in pregnancy. A significant effort on the part of both the patient and the health care team is required to accomplish this goal. Preconceptional counseling is an essential component of planning the time of conception, establishing normal glucose control, and evaluating the patient as indicated for the presence of vascular complications of diabetes prior to conception. The maintenance of euglycemia and careful fetal surveillance is critical to ensure fetal welfare. The detection and management of previously unrecognized glucose intolerance are important components of the prenatal care of all patients. PMID- 3226670 TI - Recent patterns in cesarean delivery in the United States. AB - The United States cesarean rate has risen from 5.5 per 100 deliveries in 1970 to 24.1 per 100 deliveries in 1986 according to the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Less than 10 per cent of mothers have a vaginal birth after a prior cesarean. Women spend an average of 5.0 days in the hospital for a cesarean delivery, but only 2.6 days for a vaginal delivery. The rise in cesareans is partly responsible for a concurrent increase in postpartum sterilization. If age specific cesarean rates continue the steady pattern of increase observed since 1970, 40 per cent of births could be by cesarean by the year 2000. PMID- 3226671 TI - Complications at cesarean section. AB - Despite the dramatic improvements in the mortality and morbidity rates of cesarean section, abdominal delivery is inherently more hazardous than vaginal delivery. Much of the mortality and morbidity that we recognize today is the result of the condition that mandated the cesarean section rather than of the procedure itself. The surgeon who recognizes complications early and acts skillfully to limit or repair damage will protect the patient from resulting morbidity. We must not be lulled by the routine nature of cesarean section; complications await the complacent. PMID- 3226672 TI - Infectious disease relations to cesarean section. AB - Patients delivered by cesarean section are at risk for postoperative infectious morbidity, especially those patients who have labored with ruptured membranes for a long period of time. The bacteria involved in these infections are predominantly those of the patient's lower genital tract, both aerobes and anaerobes. Antibiotic prophylaxis has reduced the risk of postpartum infection but has also resulted in selection of resistant bacteria. Treatment of postpartum endometritis has classically been with clindamycin plus an aminoglycoside. However, the newer beta-lactam antibiotics have proved to be just as efficacious. A significant advance in the treatment of postpartum endometritis is the use of beta-lactamase inhibitors combined with beta-lactams, such as clavulanic acid plus ticarcillin or ampicillin plus sulbactam. Regardless of which antibiotic is chosen for treatment, it is important to know the weakness of each antibiotic. For example, cephalosporins such as cefoxitin or cefotetan do not have activity against Strep. faecalis, Ent. cloacae, or Pseudomonas aerugenosa; mezlocillin, ticarcillin, or piperacillin tend to be weakest against the gram-negative facultative anaerobes; and combinations such as clindamycin plus gentamicin do not provide coverage against Strep. faecalis. This knowledge of the weakness of the different antibiotics permits appropriate additions to the antibiotic regimen and avoids irrational changes in antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3226673 TI - Vaginal birth after cesarean section: the demise of routine repeat abdominal delivery. AB - In light of the abundant very favorable data and considerable published patient experience regarding vaginal birth after cesarean for selected gravidas, the authors are moved to repeat with emphasis the question asked by Dr. Danforth in his recent treatise on cesarean delivery: "The question now is not whether the dictum of automatic repeat cesarean section is still valid, but rather why we continued to adhere to it for more than 60 years, as though it had been carved in stone." From recently published American data, it is obvious that more providers and more patients must be convinced of the safety, efficacy, and cost effectiveness of a selective program of trial of labor and vaginal delivery following previous cesarean birth if we are to effect a significant reduction in this nation's cesarean birth rate. The policy of "once a cesarean section, always a cesarean section" should be applied correctly only to its intended group of patients with previous uterine fundal or upper-segment incisions. As the advisability of insisting on a trial of labor for all parturients who have no contraindications becomes a signal part of the fabric of obstetric practice in the United States and the remainder of the world, we shall witness the demise of routine repeat abdominal delivery. PMID- 3226674 TI - Rupture of the scarred uterus. AB - Although theoretically important, the bulk of obstetric literature indicates that scar separation following a lower transverse uterine incision is not a significant problem in clinical obstetrics. The need for emergency intervention for such scar separation is not increased over that in any laboring patient for a number of other causes. Ideally, the capability of emergency intervention should be available for any laboring patient. In reality, however, such a situation will not commonly be present in all hospitals in the United States. The absence of in house anesthesia coverage does not appear to be a valid reason to exclude the carefully informed patient from a trial of labor following a previous low transverse uterine incision. Not only is scar separation infrequent, but maternal and perinatal morbidity should be negligible when such scar separation does occur. The use of oxytocin and epidural anesthesia appears to be appropriate. The latter does not mask signs or symptoms of scar separation. Because most scar separation will be heralded by the appearance of variable decelerations, extremely careful fetal heart-rate monitoring is mandatory for any patient laboring with a previous uterine incision. Finally, the detection of an asymptomatic scar separation after successful vaginal delivery in a nonbleeding patient does not appear to mandate repair. However, the uncertainties regarding the method of delivery for future pregnancies should be carefully explained to such patients if nonrepair is elected. PMID- 3226675 TI - Surgical sterilization at the time of cesarean delivery. AB - The cesarean section operation has been recognized for more than a century as an ideal time for the obstetrician to effect sterilization, usually with minimal morbidity, by way of one of the methods of tubal ligation. The physician must choose between simple, quick methods such as the Pomeroy or Parkland, with their slightly higher but acceptable failure rates, or the more elaborate and foolproof methods that involve burial of the tubal ends, such as the Irving or Uchida, which are technically more difficult and time consuming. The authors stress that whichever procedure is utilized, the surgeon must resist the desire to elaborate on proven techniques; otherwise, higher than published failure rates may result. It is important for the patient to understand the risks, both of immediate morbidity and remote failure, and to give her informed consent. Attentive presterilization counseling may identify the patient who will regret the loss of her fertility. PMID- 3226676 TI - Peripartal hysterectomy. AB - Peripartal hysterectomy remains a necessary tool for the consultant obstetrician. Knowledge of this operation and skill at its performance can save lives in the rare event of catastrophic rupture of the uterus or intractable postpartal hemorrhage. The operation can also be utilized to address gynecologic conditions that coexist with obstetrical indications for abdominal delivery. As one expands the indications for peripartal hysterectomy beyond this realm, to the performance of cesarean hysterectomy to address minor gynecologic disorders or for sterilization without coexisting indications for abdominal delivery, one goes further into the realm of controversial indications. A good case can be made for low morbidity, infrequent transfusion, and effectiveness of the operation for the latter indications, especially in the hands of obstetricians who perform this operation regularly and have developed an operating "routine." The operation can be done with minimal morbidity in elective cases; whether it should be done remains a decision best made within the individual physician-patient relationship. Peripartal hysterectomy can be a formidable operation, particularly when performed under the emergency conditions of massive blood loss and distorted anatomic relations. The operation is not easily accomplished by the operator who performs it only on rare occasions. The best time to learn the nuances of the procedure is during the performance of planned, elective cases, wherein the surgeon can pick the assistants and tools and carefully evaluate the patient and prepare the operating team. A routine established in this teaching and learning climate will serve well when the critical emergency case arises. Every obstetric service should have access to a surgical team capable of performing emergency peripartal hysterectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226677 TI - A time to say no. PMID- 3226678 TI - "Isn't it about time somebody did something about it?". PMID- 3226679 TI - Experimental AIDS drugs--worthless? PMID- 3226680 TI - Dealing with the bad medical result. PMID- 3226681 TI - Visual success and vitreoretinal surgery. PMID- 3226682 TI - The role of the vitreous in diabetic macular edema. AB - The authors assessed retrospectively clinical records of 76 patients (125 eyes) 60 years of age or older with diabetic retinopathy who had undergone a vitreous examination. The groups consisted of 105 eyes (63 patients) with macular edema and 20 eyes (13 patients) without macular edema. Vitreous studies were done using the El Bayadi-Kajiura lens to determine whether or not the posterior vitreous was attached to the retina in the macula. Twenty-one of 105 eyes (20.0%) in the edema group and 11 of 20 eyes (55.0%) in the no-edema group had a detached posterior vitreous. This difference was found to be statistically significant, indicating that diabetic cases without macular edema have a significantly higher rate of posterior vitreous detachment than those with macular edema. This study demonstrates that the vitreous may play a role in diabetic macular edema. PMID- 3226683 TI - Anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Clinicopathologic, light microscopic, and ultrastructural findings. AB - Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) involving the posterior and equatorial retina is an established clinicopathologic entity. Clinically, a similar process, anterior PVR (APVR), results in anterior dragging of the peripheral retina by membranes which connect to the ciliary body or iris and cause circumferentially and radially fixed retinal folds. The pathology of APVR, however, has not been reported. The authors describe pathologic findings in 28 cases of APVR and ultrastructural pathologic findings in 6 surgical APVR specimens. Anterior PVR was frequently associated with retinal detachment (RD) repair (96%) and trauma (38%). Residual vitreous at the vitreous base virtually always provided a scaffold for membranes containing proliferating cells and deposited extracellular matrix. Major components of APVR membranes were fibrovascular tissue (71%), pigment epithelial cells (43%), fibrous and corneal stromal ingrowth (32%), and glial proliferation (18%). Because of its anterior location, APVR membranes also incorporated ciliary epithelium and corneal endothelium. Contraction of APVR membranes caused anterior retinal displacement and detachment in anatomic configurations corresponding to narrow and wide peripheral troughs. The authors' findings indicate that APVR is a distinctive clinicopathologic entity which may complicate rhegmatogenous RD and its repair. PMID- 3226684 TI - Ocular lawnmower injuries. AB - In the 10-year period from 1977 to 1987, lawnmowers have been responsible for approximately 70,000 injuries annually with an estimated 5% (3300) involving the eyes. Hyphema, angle recession, and traumatic retinopathy are especially common forms of lawnmower ocular trauma. A series of 14 cases of lawnmower-induced eye injuries is presented along with demographics of the patient population involved. An analysis of various types of lawnmowers currently in use are also included, and preventive measures are suggested. PMID- 3226685 TI - Cystoid macular degeneration in experimental branch retinal vein occlusion. AB - Macular edema and collateral vessels were examined clinically and histopathologically up to 48 months after branch retinal vein occlusion in six eyes of five cynomolgus monkeys. In all six, central macular swelling and fluorescein leakage from the retinal vasculature were confined to the acute stage. However, histopathologically, at the chronic stage, only two maculas were completely recovered and unremarkable, whereas the other four showed variable degrees of cystoid degeneration and photoreceptor cell loss. In the two recovered maculas, six to eight normal-sized capillaries separated the fovea from the nearest cluster of capillary collaterals. In three maculas with cystic degeneration, collaterals incorporated the circumfoveal capillaries. In the fourth macula with cystic degeneration, collaterals were separated from the center by two normal-sized capillaries but were also associated with large areas of capillary nonperfusion partially due to occlusion of the macular arteriole. PMID- 3226686 TI - Rapid enhancement of retinal adhesion by laser photocoagulation. AB - To determine how quickly laser photocoagulation produces a bond between retina and pigment epithelium, the authors measured the strength of retinal adhesion after making laser burns through intact and recently reattached rabbit retina. After photocoagulation of intact retina, the adhesive force was reduced 50% at 8 hours but increased beyond normal (to approximately 140%) by 24 hours and remained twice normal between 3 days and 4 weeks. Photocoagulation of retina that had just settled after experimental detachment produced similar results, except that the maximum strength of adhesion (reached at 2 weeks) was three times normal. In contrast, retina that reattached spontaneously, without photocoagulation, showed only 10% of normal adhesiveness at 24 hours, and still was only 75% of normal after 4 weeks. These data suggest that laser photocoagulation may be acutely beneficial in the prevention or management of retinal tears and detachments. PMID- 3226687 TI - Photocoagulation to prevent retinal detachment in acute retinal necrosis. AB - Retinal detachment (RD) occurs in more than 50% of eyes with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) and is the leading cause of visual loss in this syndrome. In order to decrease the incidence of RD in ARN, the authors treated 12 eyes of 10 patients with prophylactic laser photocoagulation. Retinal detachment occurred in two eyes (17%). Over the same time period, seven eyes with ARN did not receive prophylactic laser treatment, most often because of dense vitreous debris, with a 67% rate of RD. Prophylactic photocoagulation treatment should be considered in the management of patients with ARN. PMID- 3226688 TI - Toxoplasmic scleritis. AB - Although toxoplasmosis is the most common infectious cause of posterior intraocular inflammation, it is rarely described in association with scleritis. The authors present five cases of toxoplasmosis with scleritis. Two of the five cases were diagnosed clinically and serologically as having toxoplasmosis. Their retinochoroiditis and scleritis responded well to medical therapy. Retinochroiditis and scleritis that was refractory to treatment developed in the other three patients, two of whom had been receiving immunosuppressive therapy for systemic diseases. Their therapeutic regimens did not include treatment for toxoplasmosis. All three eyes became blind and were enucleated. Results of pathologic examination of all three enucleated eyes showed Toxoplasma gondii in the retina. There was severe inflammation of the retina, choroid, and sclera. Toxoplasmosis should be considered in the clinical differential diagnosis of scleritis associated with retinochoroiditis, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 3226689 TI - Long-term healing of the central cornea after photorefractive keratectomy using an excimer laser. AB - Using an excimer laser at 193 nm, 3-mm diameter discs were ablated from the optical zone of monkey corneas at a variety of depths up to 130 micron. Tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy 4 and 5 weeks and 6 and 8 months postoperatively. With the exception of the deepest ablation, all corneas were clear immediately postoperatively. At 1 month, ablations of 40 micron remained clear, whereas all others showed some degree of haze. By 3 months, discs at 60 micron depth were clear, and there was less haze in others. Haze was progressively lost over 6 months, but in the deepest discs it could still be discerned on slit-lamp examination. Microscopic observation showed that reepithelialization had occurred within 24 to 48 hours. Over subsequent months, a normal morphology was maintained in this layer with the exception that basal cells were slightly more elevated particularly at the disc margins where the epithelium contained more cell layers. Stromal reorganization was accompanied by an initial phase of vacuolation and invasion by keratocytes, but by 6 months postoperatively almost all vacuolation had disappeared and keratocyte numbers had almost returned to normal. By 8 months, the morphology was near normal with the exception that Bowman's membrane was absent and there was still a degree of disorder in the immediate subepithelial stromal fibers. The basement membrane of epithelial cells was reestablished but slightly more undulant than in nonirradiated areas. This undulation was retained in the 8-month postoperative specimens and at this time a normal thickness of 60 nm was displayed. PMID- 3226690 TI - An acute light and electron microscopic study of ultraviolet 193-nm excimer laser corneal incisions. AB - The 193-nm ultraviolet beam from an argon fluoride excimer laser was focused on the corneas of rabbits to produce incisions of the type necessary for radial keratotomy. The energy densities used were in two ranges, 1.0 to 2.1 J/cm2 per pulse and 200 to 700 mJ/cm2 per pulse. The eyes were enucleated and fixed for histologic and electron microscopic examination immediately after exposure. Structural analysis of the higher energy density exposures showed ridging on the surface of the cornea, micro-pitting on the stromal surface inside the cut, and denudation of the endothelium under the ablation zone. The lower energy density incisions did not exhibit significant surface ridging or endothelial cell loss but did exhibit significant stromal swelling during the laser exposure thus making it difficult to produce incisions of a precisely controlled depth. Beam profile measurements and infrared thermal measurements of the cornea surface during laser exposure were made. PMID- 3226691 TI - Infrared laser surgery of the cornea. Studies with a Raman-shifted neodymium:YAG laser at 2.80 and 2.92 micron. AB - Tissue absorption lengths for infrared radiation at 2.8 to 3.1 micron are very short due to strong absorption by water. Corneal ablation using pulsed lasers at these wavelengths can potentially produce incisions similar in quality to cuts produced by excimer lasers at 193 nm. The authors have used 8-ns pulses at 2.80 and 2.92 micron, generated by a Raman-shifted neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser, to make slit-like incisions in bovine and human corneas. At 2.8 micron, etch depth per pulse increases sigmoidally from 0.15 micron at 390 mJ/cm2 to 3.8 micron at 2200 mJ/cm2. No ablation occurs at fluences below 250 mJ/cm2. Light and transmission electron microscopy show smooth-walled incisions bordered by a thermally damaged region that varies in width from 1.5 micron at 600 mJ/cm2 to 10 micron at 2200 mJ/cm2. The small amount of tissue damage produced at low fluences suggests that infrared ablation may be useful in keratorefractive surgery. PMID- 3226692 TI - Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and lacrimal excretory system obstruction. AB - Epiphora is a common symptom associated with the acute phase of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). Reflex lacrimal secretion occurs secondary to conjunctival or corneal inflammation. Acquired obstruction of the lacrimal excretory system may account for persistence of tearing after resolution of the acute inflammatory phase of the viral infection. Three cases of lacrimal excretory system obstruction after EKC are reported. Multifocal obstruction of the canaliculi and nasolacrimal duct is characteristic. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) was required to relieve obstruction in all cases. Probing and corticosteroid irrigation may avoid the need for silicone intubation or conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy in the management of canalicular obstruction. Persistent epiphora after EKC should raise clinical suspicion of acquired dacryostenosis. Early recognition may allow for optimal management. PMID- 3226693 TI - Microbial keratitis in subtropical Africa. PMID- 3226694 TI - Estimating intraocular gas volume. PMID- 3226695 TI - [Status and objectives of the reorganization of orthopedic and traumatologic services for children in the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 3226696 TI - [Treatment of closed injuries of finger tendons and aponeurosis at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint]. PMID- 3226697 TI - [Diagnosis of injuries of the distal end of the radius in children]. PMID- 3226698 TI - [Characteristics of regional blood flow in patients with radius fractures at a typical site]. PMID- 3226699 TI - [Problems of the treatment of fractures of the bones that form the elbow joint and the prevention of complications]. PMID- 3226700 TI - [Pathogenesis of primary dislocation of the shoulder]. PMID- 3226701 TI - [Treatment of rupture of the supraspinous muscle]. PMID- 3226702 TI - [Treatment of injuries of the locomotor systems in patients with multiple and combined trauma caused by traffic accidents]. PMID- 3226703 TI - [Pathophysiologic characteristics of the course of combined trauma acquired in the state of alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 3226704 TI - [Correlation of the outcome of treatment of patients with combined injuries and the type of therapeutic tactics in the acute period of trauma]. PMID- 3226706 TI - [Use of reflexotherapy in patients with sequelae of injuries]. PMID- 3226705 TI - [Effect of disorders of the afferent and sympathetic innervation on the structural organization of the osteoarticular system (experimental-morphologic study)]. PMID- 3226707 TI - [A case of successful treatment of incomplete traumatic amputation of the hand]. PMID- 3226708 TI - [Treatment of open infected injuries of the hand and forearm in a controlled germ free environment]. PMID- 3226709 TI - [Treatment of compound fractures of the distal meta-epiphyses of the forearm bones using a traction device]. PMID- 3226710 TI - [Long-term results of surgical treatment of dislocations of the acromial end of the clavicle]. PMID- 3226711 TI - [A soft bandage for immobilizing the proximal part of the humerus]. PMID- 3226712 TI - [Habitual dislocation of the shoulder]. PMID- 3226713 TI - [Current aspects of anti-alcoholism propaganda]. PMID- 3226714 TI - [Definition of traumatologic terms]. PMID- 3226715 TI - [Classification of Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 3226716 TI - Condensation of oligoglycines with trimeta- and tetrametaphosphate in aqueous solutions. AB - The dehydration condensation of glycine with trimetaphosphate in aqueous solution has been reinvestigated. Although it has been reported that the condensation of glycine under the alkaline conditions was brought about through the formation of cyclic acylphosphoramidate and hence the condensation of polyglycines could not occur, we found that the condensation of oligoglycines with trimeta- and tetrametaphosphate in aqueous solution are possible through the formation of their acylphosphates under the neutral or weak acidic conditions. Aqueous solutions of 1.0 M glycylglycine and 1.0 M trimetaphosphate in the various pH from 4.0 to 9.0 were incubated at 38 degrees C. The solutions were analyzed by HPLC with ninhydrin reaction system. Tetraglycine and hexaglycine were detected and their maximum yields were given in the reaction carried out around pH 7. They are approximately 15% and 4% after 30 days, respectively. Analogous experiments were performed with tetrametaphosphate. The results showed a similar pH dependence for the condensation, but the yields were about one-tenth of those of corresponding experiments with trimetaphosphate. Relative rates of dimerization of glycine, diglycine and triglycine in the equimolar concentration were also investigated at pH 6.0 at 38 degrees C. The rates for diglycine and triglycine were approximately twice and four times as large as that for glycine. Relevance of the experiments to chemical evolution is discussed. PMID- 3226717 TI - Construction of protocellular structures under simulated primitive earth conditions. AB - We have developed experimental approaches for the construction of protocellular structures under simulated primitive earth conditions and studied their formation and characteristics. Three types of envelopes; protein envelopes, lipid envelopes, and lipid-protein envelopes are considered as candidates for protocellular structures. Simple protein envelopes and lipid envelopes are presumed to have originated at an early stage of chemical evolution, interaction mutually and then evolved into more complex envelopes composed of both lipids and proteins. Three kinds of protein envelopes were constructed in situ from amino acids under simulated primitive earth conditions such as a fresh water tide pool, a warm sea, and a submarine hydrothermal vent. One protein envelope was formed from a mixture of amino acid amides at 80 degrees C using multiple hydration dehydration cycles. Marigranules, protein envelope structures, were produced from mixtures of glycine and acidic, basic and aromatic amino acids at 105 degrees C in a modified sea medium enriched with essential transition elements. Thermostable microspheres were also formed from a mixture of glycine, alanine, valine, and aspartic acid at 250 degrees C and above. The microspheres did not form at lower temperatures and consist of silicates and peptide-like polymers containing imide bonds and amino acid residues enriched in valine. Amphiphilic proteins with molecular weights of 2000 were necessary for the formation of the protein envelopes. Stable lipid envelopes were formed from different dialkyl phospholipids and fatty acids. Large, stable, lipid-protein envelopes were formed from egg lecithin and the solubilized marigranules. Polycations such as polylysine and polyhistidine, or basic proteins such as lysozyme and cytochrome c also stabilized lipid-protein envelopes. PMID- 3226718 TI - Primeval procreative comet pond. AB - It is speculated that life originated in a small, shallow body of water containing concentrated prebiotic organic feedstocks, inorganic compounds, and catalytic agents in a diversity of microenvironments. This pond was formed by an improbable, fortuitous soft-landing of a cometary nucleus, or fragment thereof, on the surface of a suitable planet with an atmosphere in an appropriate thermodynamic state, such as Earth. PMID- 3226719 TI - Chemical evolution of peroxidase--amino acid pentacyanoferrate (II) complexes as model. AB - Complexes of the type [Fe(II)(CN)5(L)]n- (where n = 3, or 4; L = glycine, histidine, imidazole, and triglycine) are proposed as evolutionary model of peroxidases. Detailed kinetic investigation for disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide catalysed by [Fe(II)(CN)5(L)]n- complexes at 40 degrees C and pH 9.18 are discussed. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalysed by above complexes conforms to Michaelis-Menten type kinetics. PMID- 3226720 TI - The chemical logic of a minimum protocell. AB - Traditional schemes for the origin of cellular life on earth generally suppose that the chance assembly of polymer synthesis systems was the initial event, followed by incorporation into a membrane-enclosed volume to form the earliest cells. Here we discuss an alternative system consisting of replicating membrane vesicles, which we define as minimum protocells. These consist of vesicular bilayer membranes that self-assemble from relatively rare organic amphiphiles present in the prebiotic environment. If some of the amphiphiles are primitive pigment molecules asymmetrically oriented in the bilayer, light energy can be captured in the form of electrochemical ion gradients. This energy could then be used to convert relatively common precursor molecules into membrane amphiphiles, thereby providing an initial photosynthetic growth process, as well as an appropriate microenvironment for incorporation and evolution of polymer synthesis systems. PMID- 3226721 TI - Genetic information could be integrated extrinsically for simplest life forms. AB - Polynucleotides and proteins coupled in mutual synthesis are widely believed to have been needed for the origin of life, but this theory encounters grave problems. Simple catalysts reproducing by positive feedback, sometimes advocated as an alternative, lack a built-in mechanism for generating and accumulating genetic information. Modern organisms, however, integrate genetic information by extrinsic in addition to intrinsic mechanisms, and extrinsic mechanisms were available even at the beginning of chemical evolution for any self-reproducing entities that might have appeared. Novel molecules were generated by reactions among prevailing molecules, and a catalyst multiplying by positive feedback would have transmitted structural information not only to progeny molecules of its kind, but to derivatives and by-products. New molecules derived immediately or remotely from successfully reproducing catalysts would be favored to have catalytic properties. New catalysts with effective positive feedback would increase autocatalytically and be integrated with others into a metabolizing system by natural selection. PMID- 3226722 TI - Lack of evidence for the prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 amplification in human breast carcinoma. AB - Amplification of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene was detected in 10% of 122 primary human breast tumors examined. Examination of patients' histories with a post surgical median follow-up time of 53 months suggested no statistically significant association between the increased copy number of c-erbB-2 proto oncogene in breast tumors and several oncological disease parameters, such as histopathological grading, ovarian hormonal status, age, number of positive lymph nodes, time to relapse, and survival period. Results of the analysis of matched sets of primary tumors and lymph node metastases were also consistent with the lack of a strong association between increased copy number of c-erbB-2 proto oncogene and aggressiveness of tumors. PMID- 3226723 TI - Proto-oncogene expression in chicken leukemic cells induced by avian myeloblastosis virus. AB - Sixteen proto-oncogenes which have generated retroviral oncogenes were tested for their expression in chicken leukemic cells induced by avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and five were found to be expressed (c-ets, c-fps, c-mht, c-myc, and c rel). The size of the c-fps transcript (4.0 kb) was not in good agreement with the size (approximately 3.0 kb) previously reported but was uniform in the leukemic cells from 10 different chickens. The size of the other proto-oncogene transcripts appeared normal. The five expressed proto-oncogenes represent cellular genes involved in hematopoiesis. Interestingly the c-myb gene was not expressed in any of the leukemic cells despite its expression in the immature myeloid cells which are targets for AMV transformation. This could represent down regulation of c-myb by v-myb or a differentiation-related arrest of c-myb expression. The leukemic phenotype induced by v-myb may therefore become expressed at a stage of myeloid differentiation when c-myb expression is repressed. PMID- 3226724 TI - Sequence determinants of c-myc mRNA turn-over: influence of 3' and 5' non-coding regions. AB - Normal c-myc RNAs are very unstable with a half-life of less than 30 min whereas those rearranged in 5', as found in Burkitt's lymphomas and mouse plasmacytomas, are significantly more stable. To learn about the sequence determinants controlling their turnover, we have studied naturally occurring and artificially constructed c-myc RNAs rearranged in 5' or 3'. The first conclusion is that sequences necessary for rapid c-myc RNAs turnover are localized in their 3' untranslated region. The second conclusion is that stabilization of truncated c myc RNAs in tumors does not result from deletion of the non-coding first exon but rather from its replacement by intronic and/or exogenous sequences. This latter conclusion rests on two lines of evidence: (i) deleting the 5' rearranged sequences from the relatively stable MOPC 315 RNA restores its complete instability (pSV c-myc 1); (ii) reciprocally, appending intron 1 sequences 5' to otherwise unstable germline c-myc exons 2 and 3 have a dramatic stabilizing effect (pIM 0). PMID- 3226725 TI - bFGF as an autocrine growth factor for human melanomas. AB - Normal human melanocytes in culture require specific additives such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) in order to proliferate in defined or serum-containing medium (Halaban et al., 1987). This stringent requirement is absent in cells derived from metastatic melanomas which not only proliferate in regular culture medium, but also produce a substance immunologically related to bFGF (Halaban et al., 1987). We show here that the mitogenic activity necessary for normal human melanocytes is constitutively present in several lines of human metastatic melanomas and that this activity is inactivated by anti-bFGF antibodies. Melanoma cells, but not normal melanocytes, express bFGF gene transcripts. Although the molecular mechanism underlying the abnormal expression of bFGF in melanomas is not known, the results suggest that bFGF acts as an autocrine growth factor in melanomas. PMID- 3226726 TI - Erythroproliferation in vitro can be induced by abl, fes, src, ras, bas, raf, raf/myc, erb B and cbl oncogenes but not by myc, myb and fos. AB - To assess the erythroproliferative effects of a variety of retroviruses in vitro, hemopoietic precursors were incubated with the viruses then plated in methylcellulose. Only replication defective transforming viruses were active in this assay and produced colonies of erythroid cells. The effective transforming viruses were: Friend virus and viruses containing the abl, fes, src, Ha-ras, Ki ras, bas, raf, raf/myc, erb B and cbl oncogenes. Replication competent viruses and those bearing the myc, myb and fos oncogenes were unable to initiate colony formation. Significant differences were observed in the colonies induced by several of the transforming genes based on (i) colony size, (ii) morphology, (iii) time course of development and (iv) sensitivity to erythropoietin. The oncogene-expressing retroviruses appeared to have the same target cell, which may be less differentiated erythroid precursor than the target cell for Friend virus. PMID- 3226727 TI - Molecular cloning and characterization of human ret-II oncogene. AB - A transformant having ret-II was obtained by transfection of NIH3T3 cells with DNA from a human sigmoid colon cancer. Comparison of the restriction map of ret II with that of proto-ret revealed that the ret-II has rearrangements both 5' and 3' to the sequence coding for the kinase domain. However, only the upstream rearrangement was consistently observed in all transformants, suggesting that the upstream rearrangement resulted in the activation of proto-ret. The recombination point and replaced sequence of ret-II were different from those previously reported for ret (Takahashi et al., 1985). In addition, ret-II does not retain region coding for transmembrane of proto-ret. This rearrangement, however, was not detected in the original tumor DNA by Southern blot analysis. PMID- 3226728 TI - Chromosomal mapping of genes for transforming growth factors beta 2 and beta 3 in man and mouse: dispersion of TGF-beta gene family. AB - Human cDNA probes for two new types of transforming growth factor-beta, TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3, were used for mapping their cognate genes on human and mouse chromosomes by Southern blot analysis of somatic cell hybrid lines and, for the human loci, also by in situ chromosomal hybridization. For TGF-beta 2, a single site was found on the long arm of human chromosome 1, band 1q41, and on mouse chromosome 1, most likely in the known conserved syntenic region. For TGF-beta 3, the major site of hybridization, both on Southern filters and direct chromosome preparations, was at 14q24 in humans. This region is homologous in part to mouse chromosome 12, to which the murine beta 3 locus was mapped. These results indicate a wide dispersion of the TGF-beta gene family, with genes for TGF-beta 1 previously mapped by us to human chromosome 19q and mouse chromosome 7 and for inhibins alpha, beta B and beta A to human chromosomes 2q33-qter, 2cen-q13 and 7p15-p13, respectively. PMID- 3226729 TI - [Paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve after radiotherapy]. PMID- 3226730 TI - [Comparison of CT images of the petrous bone with analogous anatomical specimens]. PMID- 3226731 TI - [Structure of the nasal cavity in mammals]. PMID- 3226732 TI - [Allergic rhinitis in children]. PMID- 3226733 TI - [Effect of tobacco smoke on catalase activity in the erythrocytes of patients with laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 3226734 TI - [Computer-assisted examination of the vocal field during speech in physiological and various pathological conditions]. PMID- 3226735 TI - [Rupture of the internal carotid vein simulating neck tumor]. PMID- 3226736 TI - [Lingual goiter in a 14-year-old girl]. PMID- 3226737 TI - Health department warns of in-home AIDS testing kit. PMID- 3226738 TI - AIDS confidentiality bills introduced in House. PMID- 3226739 TI - Are you limiting your own reimbursement? Health Care Group. PMID- 3226741 TI - Open letter plea for financial assistance. PMID- 3226740 TI - Mother-child holding therapy and autism. PMID- 3226743 TI - Accessibility not quality of care is issue. PMID- 3226742 TI - The future of nursing. PMID- 3226744 TI - Health hazards of trash disposal. PMID- 3226745 TI - The worst job--firing an employee. The Health Care Group. PMID- 3226746 TI - New drugs of 1987. PMID- 3226747 TI - Fournier's gangrene of the genitalia. PMID- 3226748 TI - [Anthropometric characterization of diabetic fetopathy--preliminary results]. PMID- 3226749 TI - [Phagocytic activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia before and following phototherapy]. PMID- 3226750 TI - [Acute bilateral hearing loss as the initial symptom of craniopharyngioma]. PMID- 3226751 TI - [Misdiagnosis of the true sex in girls with congenital adrenogenital syndrome]. PMID- 3226752 TI - [The pathogenesis of reading-writing weakness]. PMID- 3226753 TI - [2 case reports on the problem of precocious sexual maturity]. PMID- 3226754 TI - Naproxen sodium in treatment of bone pain due to metastatic cancer. AB - This multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel study compared the efficacy and safety of two dosages of naproxen sodium (NS) in 100 patients with bone pain due to metastatic cancer. Patients were asked to rate their pain on a scale of 0 99; those patients with pain scores of 40 or more (indicating moderate to severe pain) were enrolled. Patients receiving the high-dosage regimen (HDR; n = 51) received NS 550 mg every 8 h for 3 days. Those receiving the low-dosage regimen (LDR; n = 49) received on day 1 an initial dose of NS 550 mg followed by NS 275 mg capsules every 8 h through day 3. Patients evaluated pain intensity 8 times/day. During use of NS, pain intensity scores decreased by approximately one third in each treatment group. Among patients who responded to NS, pain relief with the HDR was significantly greater than with the LDR. Differences between regimens in adverse events during treatment were non-significant; complaints were mainly gastrointestinal and mild. PMID- 3226755 TI - Counterstimulation and pain perception: effects of electrocutaneous vs. auditory stimulation upon cold pressor pain. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that distraction from a painful stimulus is best achieved by concurrent presentation of a similar stimulus. Specifically, it was hypothesized that pain perception would be interfered with, and thus reduced, when a stimulus similar to the sensory features of a painful stimulus was delivered concurrently. Subjects matched aversiveness thresholds for electrocutaneous or auditory stimulation so that both forms of stimulation could be judged to be subjectively of similar affective value. Subjects were then run in the cold pressor test for 2 min. While control subjects for each modality were not administered counterstimulation concurrently with cold pressor exposure, experimental subjects within each modality condition received concurrent counterstimulation. Magnitude estimation ratings of the aversiveness of counterstimulation were provided concurrently with cold pressor pain ratings, every 30 sec. The results indicated that, as predicted, subjects exposed to concurrent electrical stimulation produced lower pain ratings than subjects exposed to auditory stimulation and controls. In addition, a mutual interference effect between the cold pressor and the tactile counterstimulation was found: subjects also rated electrical stimulation as a less aversive than auditory stimulation over the duration of the cold pressor test. PMID- 3226756 TI - An assessment of pain responses to thermal stimuli during stages of pregnancy. AB - A study utilizing visual analogue scale (VAS) responses to 43-51 degrees C nociceptive thermal stimuli was carried out to determine whether women demonstrate a change in pain responsiveness across stages of pregnancy. Fifteen women tested in late pregnancy, labor, and post partum showed no significant differences in VAS responses to thermal stimuli across these stages. The results indicate that no central pain inhibitory system is active during late pregnancy or labor. PMID- 3226757 TI - The Descriptor Differential Scale: applying psychophysical principles to clinical pain assessment. AB - The Descriptor Differential Scale (DDS) applies psychophysical principles to clinical pain assessment. It contains 12 descriptor items for each pain dimension assessed. For each item, subjects indicate if their pain either is equal in magnitude to that implied by the anchoring descriptor, or how much greater or lesser on a 10-point graphic scale. The method permits collection of multiple responses, reducing scaling error, and assess both pain magnitude and scaling consistency. Ninety-one patients completed the sensory intensity and unpleasantness forms of the DDS at both 1 and 2 h after surgical extraction of a lower third molar. Results show that the DDS satisfies standard psychometric criteria for reliability, objectivity and item homogeneity. The coefficients found satisfy standard psychometric criteria and improve after elimination of inconsistent profiles. PMID- 3226758 TI - Effects of lesions to rat spinal cord lamina I cell projection pathways on reactions to acute and chronic noxious stimuli. AB - (1) Lamina I contains large numbers of nociceptive specific cells and wide dynamic-range (WDR) cells which respond to both noxious and innocuous stimuli. Many of the cells project to the brain. 82% of the projecting axons travel by way of the contralateral dorsolateral funiculus (DLF). (2) Section of the contralateral DLF produced no change in behavioural response to brief mechanical or thermal or chemical stimuli. However, section of the contralateral DLF greatly accelerated the slow onset autotomy in response to section of the sciatic and saphenous nerves. (3) Section of the ipsilateral DLF or bilateral section produce the same acceleration of onset of autotomy as is produced by contralateral DLF section. Section of dorsal columns does not change the long-term onset of autotomy. (4) Destruction of cells with ibotenic acid in the contralateral parabrachial area where many lamina I cells are known to terminate produced the same acceleration of autotomy as was observed after DLF lesions. Contralateral cortical lesions were without effect on autotomy. (5) It is proposed that the lamina I projection system is more concerned with long-latency long-duration reactions to prolonged events than to abrupt reactions to brief stimuli. The behavioural results reported here are consistent with McMahon and Wall's physiological hypothesis that a contralateral DLF projecting pathway excites cells in the parabrachial area which in turn excite descending control systems running mainly in the ipsilateral DLF to affect spinal dorsal horn cells. PMID- 3226759 TI - Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence for an analgesic effect of a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, sodium diclofenac. AB - The effects of various i.v. doses of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren, 1.5, 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) were evaluated by measuring the vocalization threshold in response to paw pressure in normal and in Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. An electrophysiological study performed in parallel in arthritic rats considered the effects of 6 mg/kg i.v. diclofenac on ventrobasal thalamic neuronal responses driven by mild stimulation of an inflamed joint. In normal rats, 6 and 9 mg/kg i.v. diclofenac raised vocalization thresholds significantly (maximum vocalization thresholds were respectively 135.67 +/- 3.30% and 157.41 +/- 4.62% of the preinjection control at 30 min, n = 9 in each group), while no effect was observed with 3 mg/kg. In arthritic rats, i.v. doses of 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg diclofenac induced a clear analgesic effect (maximum vocalization thresholds were respectively 172.22 +/- 4.26, 201.78 +/- 4.76, 222.33 +/- 5.10% of the control at 25 min, n = 9 in each group), whereas a dose of 1.5 mg/kg i.v. did not raise the threshold. In arthritic rats, the VB neuronal responses were depressed by about 50% 20 min after an injection of 6 mg/kg i.v. diclofenac. These results clearly establish that diclofenac produces a dose-dependent analgesic effect, which is more potent in arthritic than in normal rats. PMID- 3226760 TI - Dose-dependent inhibition by naloxone of nociceptive activity evoked in the rat thalamus. AB - The opiate antagonist naloxone has been reported to cause pain relief. Therefore, the effect was determined of naloxone, injected intravenously, on the activity in single neurones of the dorsomedial part of the ventral nucleus (VDM) in the thalamus of rats under urethane anaesthesia elicited by electrical stimulation of nociceptive afferents in the sural nerve. Naloxone inhibited evoked nociceptive activity in a dose-dependent manner. High doses (5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) either increased or reduced the activity, inhibition prevailing at the lower dose. At lower doses (0.5 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg), naloxone caused only inhibition, the ED50 being 0.36 mg/kg. The (+)-isomer of naloxone (0.2 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg) was ineffective, indicating that the effects of naloxone, which is the ( )-isomer, are stereospecific. The opposing effects exerted by naloxone at high and low doses may be due to the processing of nociceptive messages delivered to the thalamus by multiple endogenous opioid systems with differing susceptibility to naloxone. The results present evidence that naloxone at low doses may cause relief in particular conditions of pain. PMID- 3226761 TI - Inhibitory effect of the lateral reticular nucleus on neurons of the gigantocellularis nucleus which respond to noxious stimuli. AB - The effect was assessed of electrical stimulation of 'analgesic sites' in the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) on the activity (spontaneous and evoked by noxious stimuli) of neurons in the nucleus gigantocellularis (NGC) in rabbits. The neurons (n = 145) were classified as 'nociceptive' (n = 98) and 'non nociceptive' (n = 47) according to their responsiveness to a peripherally applied noxious heat stimulus (HS). The response to HS consisted in all cases of an increase in firing rate of up to 5 times the resting values. LRN stimulation was ineffective on the background discharge of the 'non-nociceptive' neurons, whereas it induced an inhibition lasting 40-120 msec on both spontaneous and noxious evoked activity in 66% (n = 68) of the 'nociceptive' neurons. Furthermore, prolonged LRN stimulation could induce a 'tonic' inhibition evaluable by the response to HS. This effect, quantified in 24 neurons, significantly decreased the noxious evoked activity to the baseline value. After hemilesion of the spinal cord, the inhibitory effects induced by LRN stimulation on the spontaneous and on the noxious evoked activity of NGC neurons were still present. The possibility that inhibition of the NGC neurons is a supraspinal component of the 'analgesic effects' resulting from LRN stimulation is discussed. PMID- 3226762 TI - Can opiates relieve neuropathic pain? PMID- 3226763 TI - Management of spinal cord injury in Australia. PMID- 3226764 TI - Costs of spinal cord injury in Australia. AB - Available data on spinal cord injury in Australia has been synthesised. An investigation and discussion has been made into the major financial costs involved in the acute management and ongoing life support systems required by people who have sustained spinal cord injury. The costs are projected to give an estimate of the potential for dollar savings in Australia in reducing the impact of spinal cord injury, either by lowering its incidence or by reducing the resulting devastation. Allowance has been made in these projections for severity of disability, rates of survival, re-employment, hospitalisation and relative use of various aids and appliances. It is estimated that based on an incidence rate of 25 new cases of spinal cord injury per million of population per annum the annual cost by the year 2006 will exceed $250m. As the spinal cord injury population ages the propensity of cost is expected to move from acute and medical care to less acute, community based care. Mention is also made of the non economic human costs which cannot be quantified in terms of dollars and cents. PMID- 3226765 TI - Towards prevention of spinal cord injury: the role of a national register. AB - The Menzies Foundation in Australia recently sponsored two technical meetings designed to reduce the incidence of spinal cord injury in the Australia-New Zealand area. From these meetings came unanimous support for the creation of a national Register to develop data and programmes for the prevention of spinal cord injury. The Foundation has since provided further funds for a Planning Committee to bring the Register into being. These developments are described. PMID- 3226766 TI - Injuries of the conus medullaris. AB - Eighteen patients with traumatic lesions of the conus medullaris were reviewed with particular reference to bowel, bladder and sexual functions. The average follow-up was 4 years. The injury most frequently occurred with a burst fracture of the first lumbar vertebra. All patients could walk on discharge but 4 required some form of external support. Regular bladder habit was regained in all patients but none had normal bladder sensation. Urinary tract infections were quite uncommon and there was good correlation between the incidence of infections and the degree of bladder control. No patient had developed chronic renal failure or chronic urinary tract infection. Bowel control was similarly preserved but at a somewhat lower level of competence. Eleven of 16 males had been able to undertake intercourse though with variable adequacy. Potency was linked with the degree of preservation of genital sensation. The conclusion is that the prognosis for conus lesions is somewhat better than is widely appreciated. PMID- 3226767 TI - Assisted fertility in complete paraplegia: case report. AB - A 34-year-old paraplegic man with a spinal cord injury complete below the 6th thoracic segment fathered a child by artificial insemination using semen obtained by electro-ejaculation. A long fertility programme culminated in the delivery of a healthy male child weighing 3665 g in April 1987. Guidelines for a comprehensive fertility programme are discussed briefly. PMID- 3226768 TI - A swing to intermittent clean self-catheterisation as a preferred mode of management of the neuropathic bladder for the dextrous spinal cord patient. AB - Since 1977, 301 patients with spinal cord pathology have been taught to self catheterize. The majority (234) remain on the programme. The reasons for the 67 ceasing the procedure and the changing pattern of bladder management amongst Queensland's spinally injured community are discussed. The complications and advantages of the system are considered and a plea is put forward that intermittent clean self-catheterisation should be preferred as the preferred option to all spinally injured persons with good hand function. PMID- 3226769 TI - Tetraplegia resulting from a bus roll over accident: case report. AB - This is a report on a patient injured when an interstate bus overturned. The mechanism of injury is detailed and the secondary factors that resulted in the injury are discussed. Ways in which similar injuries could be prevented are put forward. An urgent plea is made for a more rational approach to the use of restraint mechanisms for bus passengers. PMID- 3226770 TI - Management of a patient with traumatic tetraplegia from Central Australia: case report. AB - During the 6-year period up to 1 January 1988, 10 patients were admitted to our unit from Central Australia with spinal cord injuries resulting from motor vehicle accidents. Of these half had received their injury whilst resting unrestrained in the rear of a moving vehicle. Three of these were recumbent. The case is presented of a 26-year-old male who was injured whilst resting in the rear of a moving vehicle that left the roadway and rolled in remote central Australia. The injuries sustained were a closed head injury, fractures of the left lateral masses of C5, C6 and C7, a burst fracture of C7 with an asymmetrical complete tetraplegia: C5 on the left, C6 on the right. Initial orthopaedic management was skeletal traction. An inpatient rehabilitation programme has been completed. PMID- 3226771 TI - The psychosocial approach to rehabilitation of the spinal cord injured patient. AB - The development of a liaison psychiatry service to the Austin Hospital Spinal Injuries Unit highlighted the need for a psychosocial approach to patients rehabilitation. Increasingly we recognised that psychological factors influenced the course of the patient's acute illness and rehabilitation; this led to the formation of a psychosocial group under the leadership of the liaison psychiatrist. Membership of this group includes the liaison psychiatrist, psychiatry registrar, clinical psychologist, social workers, visiting nurse, chaplains and the rehabilitation registrar. The psychosocial approach advocates the consideration of psychosocial management in all aspects of patient care. In this paper we describe the structure and function of the psychosocial team in the management of patients in the Spinal Injuries Unit at the Austin Hospital. PMID- 3226772 TI - Spinal angiomas as a cause of non-traumatic paraplegia: case report. AB - A case is presented of a 17-year-old boy who developed paraplegia after a sudden low back pain, like a 'stab in the back', with radicular radiation into the lower limbs. No trauma preceded the onset of symptoms. The diagnosis was finally made by neuroradiological investigations (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), myelography and CT-scan). A review of the physiopathology of spinal angiomas, extra and/or intramedullary, by exclusion of vertebral (haem) angiomas, is made. PMID- 3226773 TI - [The ecology of hungry larvae of Dermacentor reticulatus and their relation to food hosts under natural conditions]. AB - Peculiarities of activation and regularities of spatial and temporary spread of hungry larvae of D. reticulatus from the progeny of one female were studied. Activation of larvae occurs within 16 to 20 days. Under natural conditions the activation of approximately 5 to 15% of potential number of individuals produced by a single clutch takes place. A larval aggregation occupies a territory of several square metres and survives about a month. Larvae from two and more clutches feed simultaneously on small mammals. Individual larvae from the progeny of one female usually feed on one animal. The spread of larvae by the hosts occurs apparently within the limits of some hectares. PMID- 3226774 TI - [The action of fenasal on the ultrastructure of the tegument in Caryophyllaeus laticeps cestodes]. AB - The effect of the anthelmintic preparation fenasal on the fine structure of tegument of the cestode Caryophyllaeus laticeps, a parasite of Cyprinidae, was studied in vitro. 10 mcg/ml concentration of fenasal causes numerous evaginations of the external cytoplasmic layer in the scolex of helminth. Inside these formations there are granules of secretion, mitochondria, vacuoles. At the same time microtrichia disappear from the surface, cytoplasmic layer gets thinner and its mitochondria degenerate. In the middle part of the body the number of microtrichia decreases, the layer of tegumental cells swells and conformational condition of its mitochondria changes. The degree of injury depends on the exposition time which was from 0 to 4 hours. PMID- 3226775 TI - [Functional morphology of the frontal and uterine glands in representative cestodes of the order Caryophyllidea]. PMID- 3226777 TI - [2 new species of Trypanosoma from the blood of the lake frog in the Caspian Sea]. PMID- 3226776 TI - [Spectrofluorimetric determination of biogenic amines (serotonin, dopamine) in Metechinorhynchus salmonis (Acanthocephala)]. AB - Identification of serotonin and dopamine in M. salmonis was conducted by means of some fluorometric methods. The presence of negligible amount of a serotonin-like component and substance close in its spectral characteristics to dopamine was shown. PMID- 3226778 TI - [New trematode genera from fishes of the southern Atlantic]. AB - Two new genera of the lepocreadiid trematodes, Gibsonia gen. n., (type species- G. hastata sp. n.) from Macrourus carinatus Gunther, 1878 (Macrouridae), collected in the Falkland Islands area, and Muraenolepitrema gen. n. (type species--M. magnatestis sp. n.) from Muraenolepis microps Lonnberg, 1905 (Muraenolepidae), collected in the South Georgia Island area, are described. Gibsonia gen. n. differs from all known genera of the family Lepocreadiidae by unusual body shape divided into 2 parts, suctorial formations, great number of glandular cells and a muscular bulge of the body sides; it differs from the closely related genus Lepidapedon by separate genital pores. Muraenolepitrema gen. n. differs from Myzoxenus by bursa shape, separate genital pores, lobed shape of genital organs. PMID- 3226779 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the internal organs of ixodid ticks in the scanning electron microscope]. AB - The structure of the surfaces of midgut and salivary glands in hungry and engorged females of Hyalomma asiaticum was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. Preparations were fixed in glutaraldehyde osmium and then dehydrated by the critical point method and gold or platinum coating Different periods of fixation at room temperature or at 4 degrees C did not affect the condition of surface structures of gut and salivary glands. PMID- 3226780 TI - [New data on Myxosporidia of Black Sea fishes]. AB - A new species of myxosporidians Alatospora solomoni from Trachurus mediterraneus is described. Two more species Sphaeromyxa balbiani from Blennius sanguinolentus and Ortholinea divergens from Symphodus roissali are found in the Black Sea for the first time. PMID- 3226781 TI - [Histologic changes of the bone marrow in patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing dialysis]. PMID- 3226782 TI - Tissue evaluation of epithelial and functional markers of cell differentiation and mucins in colonic malignancy: assessment of diagnostic and prognostic value. PMID- 3226783 TI - [Involutive and senile alteration of the brain and dialectic epicritic evaluation of them. (Conclusions of the report delivered at the 7th Congress of the Italian Society of Pathology, Rome, April 30-May 3, 1987)]. PMID- 3226784 TI - Chromosome abnormalities and heterochromatin polymorphism in 127 couples with a history of spontaneous abortions and/or malformed offspring. PMID- 3226785 TI - [Karyologic analysis and intercellular adhesion in Galliera sarcoma cells cultivated in vitro: effects of soft agar cloning]. PMID- 3226786 TI - Quantification of ubiquinone output in bile after interruption of enterohepatic recirculation. PMID- 3226787 TI - [Hemorrhagic necrosis of the putamen by acute methyl alcohol poisoning]. PMID- 3226788 TI - [A new case of amebic hepatic abscess]. PMID- 3226790 TI - [Fenicaberan in the combined treatment of the bronchial obstruction syndrome in acute respiratory viral infections in children]. PMID- 3226789 TI - [Epithelial sarcoma. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of a case]. PMID- 3226791 TI - [Blood Eh and pH indices of newborn infants and their mothers in natural and surgical delivery]. PMID- 3226792 TI - [Indices of the mechanical heart activities of infants with perinatal brain damage in the first 3 months of life]. PMID- 3226794 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the pulmonary vital capacity of schoolchildren in the cities of Tyumen and Vladimir]. PMID- 3226793 TI - [Mean-molecular-weight peptides as an index of the severity of intestinal toxicosis in nursing infants]. PMID- 3226795 TI - [The course of chronic gastroduodenitis in children]. PMID- 3226796 TI - [Characteristics of the structuro-functional state of cell membranes in children with obstructive pyelonephritis before and after surgical intervention]. PMID- 3226797 TI - [Effect of gliadin on cholesterol synthesis of the enterocytes in celiac disease in children]. PMID- 3226798 TI - [Characteristics of the fatty acid composition of the blood serum in children with a malabsorption syndrome]. PMID- 3226799 TI - [Microcirculatory function in severe forms of intestinal infections in young children based on biomicroscopy data]. PMID- 3226800 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic aspects of the HBs-antigen carrier state in children]. PMID- 3226801 TI - [Severe forms of acute pneumonia with a protracted course accompanied by liver and intestinal dysfunction and dysbacteriosis in young children]. PMID- 3226802 TI - [The minimal urinary syndrome in children]. PMID- 3226803 TI - [Clinico-neuro-ophthalmologic disorders in vascular hypertension in childhood]. PMID- 3226804 TI - [Principles of the early diagnosis and treatment of suppurative pericarditis in children]. PMID- 3226805 TI - [The achievements of pediatric gastroenterology]. PMID- 3226806 TI - [Analytical survey of the research in pediatrics concluded in 1987]. PMID- 3226807 TI - [Deontology in the teaching of pediatrics at medical institutes]. PMID- 3226808 TI - [Interdisciplinary approach to the instruction of students in pediatrics]. PMID- 3226809 TI - [Polymicrogyria and its clinical manifestations in infants]. PMID- 3226810 TI - [A new clinico-cytogenetic syndrome--a proximal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 17]. PMID- 3226811 TI - [Familial antithrombin-III deficiency]. PMID- 3226812 TI - [Gaucher's disease in an 8-month-old infant]. PMID- 3226813 TI - [A case of a ganglioneuroblastoma of the right adrenal gland in a 7 1/2-month-old boy]. PMID- 3226814 TI - [Clinico-anatomical characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa enterocolitis in an 11-year-old child]. PMID- 3226815 TI - [Inhalation method of administering heparin in the combined treatment of glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 3226816 TI - What does "touch" mean to young children? An empirical study. AB - This study examined 40 preschool children's understanding of the word touch. 24 drawings were presented one at a time to each child, and the children were instructed to describe each of the drawings and to classify them into drawings portraying touch or drawings showing no touch. 20 undergraduates were also interviewed. The same procedure was used, but in addition the undergraduates were asked to predict how preschool-age children would do on the same task. The results showed several ways in which the children's understanding of the word touch differed from that of an adult. PMID- 3226817 TI - Reexamination of relations between the Myers-Briggs type indicator and field dependence-independence. AB - The Group Embedded Figures Test and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator were administered to 210 undergraduate and graduate students. Bivariate relations between the embedded figures test and the Indicator scales of Extraversion Introversion (EI), Thinking-Feeling (TF), and Judgment-Perception (JP) were nonsignificant while the relation between scores on embedded figures and Sensing Intuition (SN) was statistically significant. ESFP, ISFJ, and ESFJ types were significantly more field-dependent than the INFP and ENTP types. PMID- 3226818 TI - Arousal in differential recognition. PMID- 3226819 TI - Recognition of emotions in music by children and adults. AB - 32 children 5 to 6 yr. old, 32 9 to 11 yr. old, and 32 adults linked musical fragments to emotions in a similar manner, older subjects being more accurate. Some emotions were more difficult than others; anger and fear were often confused. Older subjects gave better justifications for their choices. PMID- 3226820 TI - Effect of concurrent visual feedback on acquisition of a weightlifting skill. AB - Practice in front of a mirror is a common procedure for activities such as dance, gymnastics, and other sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect that performing with concurrent visual feedback from a mirror had on the acquisition of the power clean movement. 18 college-age males who had no prior experience with the power clean movement served as subjects who were assigned to one of two groups. One group had use of a mirror during the practice trials and the other practiced without the mirror. All subjects viewed an instructional videotape and had practice trials. All subjects were evaluated for proper technique on a pretest, a posttest without the mirror, and a posttest with the mirror. Analysis showed a significant difference between pre- and posttest performances for both groups and a significant difference between groups on the posttest performances with the mirror. Evidently the videotaped instruction was sufficient to allow both groups to improve in performance of the power clean. Differences in posttest performances with the mirror reflected the type of feedback (with or without the mirror) available during training. PMID- 3226821 TI - Status reporting of "eyes on" and peripheral displays during tracking. AB - In response to external requests, pilots often orally report status information read from scattered visual displays while simultaneously controlling an aircraft. For an experimentally controlled "status-reporting" task, we found that the input frequency on a concurrent-tracking task and the task stream-related factors of the rate, uncertainty, and timing of requests showed few significant effects on mean performance times and standard deviations. Tracking performance did vary greatly between the different phases of the "status-reporting" task, the different types of displays and their locations, and the different tracking-input frequencies. An elementary manual control model produced conformal tracking error means and standard deviations when parameters corresponding to behavioral changes were varied. These results indicated that both the performance time statistics of the "status-reporting" task and the influence of concurrent performance on tracking error can be estimated using simple methods. PMID- 3226822 TI - Effect of interpolated temporal activity on temporal short-term memory. AB - The purpose of this research was to determine the retroactive interference effects of a single interpolated task (i.e., one temporal duration) on the retention of a criterion duration. This research is of interest because the mnemonic structure of temporal information of different durations is uncertain. Previous research has indicated that there might be a difference in structure for durations of 1 and 4 sec., although the results are inconsistent. Thus, two criterion durations of 1 and 4 sec. and five interpolated durations (i.e., 60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, and 140% of the duration of the criterion) were utilized under the method of reproduction. In addition, subjects were instructed to use either a counting strategy or none (referred to as conscious time estimation) to facilitate the retention of the temporal information. Recall was less variable when using a counting strategy than not and when estimating 1 sec. than 4 sec. However, there was no effect of interpolated activity when comparing performance across different interpolated conditions (no interpolated activity). Apparently, one interpolated duration is not sufficient to produce structural interference with a single criterion duration. PMID- 3226823 TI - Comparison of the 1979 and the 1986 norms on the Standard Progressive Matrices for economically disadvantaged students: implications for identification of gifted children. AB - The focus of this article is on a comparison of the 1979 (British) and 1986 (United States) norms for the Standard Progressive Matrices. To screen for potentially gifted children, 307 students in Grades 3 through 8 were tested, and the scores were analyzed using both sets of norms. The 1986 norms may identify more students above criterion. Results are discussed. PMID- 3226824 TI - Comparison of group measures in identification of rural, culturally diverse gifted students. AB - The focus of this article is on the identification of rural, culturally diverse gifted children. The Culture-fair Intelligence Test and the Standard Progressive Matrices were administered to 652 students enrolled in Grades 3 to 8 of rural elementary schools. Scores from these two tests and the California Achievement Test are reported. Their usefulness in the identification of gifted children is discussed. PMID- 3226825 TI - Facial electromyogram and heart-rate correlates of a paradoxical attitude change to antinuclear war information. AB - The effects of film images versus film descriptions of the effects of nuclear explosions (versus a no-film control) on corrugator muscle tension, heart rate, attitude and mood were investigated. The last 5 min. of the images were associated with more corrugator tension for that condition when compared to the last 5 min. of the description condition. The groups did not differ in heart rate but women in both groups showed an increase in heart rate whereas men in both groups showed a decrease in heart rate. Film groups did not differ in their significant increases in anxiety, hostility, and depression on the Multiple Adjective Affect Checklist. On the pretest there was no significant correlation between scores on Betts' Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery and scores on Goldenring and Doctor's index of concern for nuclear war. The vivid-image film group showed a decrease in concern for nuclear war when compared to the descriptive film group and the no-film control. PMID- 3226826 TI - Recurring themes and images in a series of consecutive REM dreams. AB - A consecutive series of REM dreams were collected from one subject over a period of four nights and examined for recurring themes and images. Analysis suggested a nonrandom pattern of dreaming consistent with the proposition that the themes and images are held as elements in a limited capacity storage system from which they can be recycled. One such system can be described by means of a simple testable mathematical model. Some of the implications of this are discussed. PMID- 3226827 TI - Effect of short lateralized signals on arousal versus activation on tasks requiring visuospatial or elementary semantic stimulus processing. AB - The results of the experiment offer indirect evidence for the basic hypothesis that the brain self-regulates its own arousal and activation as a function of the intensity and type of ongoing cortical activity. When subjects perform a task which can be assumed to be primarily attended to by the right hemisphere, the result of a supplementary information-processing load seems to be increased arousal. On a task primarily attended to by the left hemisphere, the consequence is increased activation. The evidence is indirect because no measurements have been made of the neurological events and processes which are assumed to intervene in this self-regulation process. Although indirect, the evidence may help to formulate more precise psychological hypotheses about the factors controlling the putative effort system which, according to Pribram and McGuinness in 1975, coordinates the arousal and activation of cerebral processes. PMID- 3226828 TI - The Dictionary of Affect in Language as a tool for the assessment of affective tone in a descriptive task. AB - 148 subjects were asked to describe the terms mathematics, physics, television, newspapers, biology, and technology in terms of a list of five additional words. Responses produced by subjects were scored for two dimensions of affective tone (activation, evaluation) by matching words to the Dictionary of Affect in Language that includes scores for the two dimensions for several thousand commonly used words. Clear differences in affective tone emerged from this scoring procedure: mathematics and physics received the least positive evaluative descriptions, while television was described in most active and rousing terms and biology in most inactive terms. Women gave more negative (lower evaluation) descriptions for mathematics than did men, which satisfied one of the a priori predictions of the study. PMID- 3226829 TI - Varied intensities of training, predicted maximum oxygen uptake and the minimum threshold hypothesis. AB - In this study, 24 sedentary first-year male university students aged 17 to 24 yr. were assigned to one of four groups. Three of the groups underwent a 6-wk. training program consisting of a 30-min. bicycle ergometer ride, three times per week. A fourth group acted as a control. The experimental groups trained at workload intensities corresponding to predetermined heart rates of 125, 140, and 155 bpm, respectively. Analysis of scores indicated that changes in aerobic capacity occurred only if the intensity of training exceeded a minimal level. Essentially, these results replicated data from other studies. PMID- 3226830 TI - Physiological arousal of obese persons to food stimuli. AB - Physiological arousal was measured in 20 obese and 20 normal-weight subjects during presentation of imagery tasks with food- and nonfood-related stimuli and during presentation and eating of food. No differential arousal, as measured by skin conductance, was obtained between the groups for any of the stimuli. Presentation and eating of the food did produce significant arousal in subjects. PMID- 3226831 TI - Effect of reaction time condition on EMG activities of the biceps brachii muscle in elbow flexion and forearm supination. AB - Under simple- and choice-RT conditions, the biceps brachii muscle was examined in 8 healthy male subjects to determine how the temporal and spatial characteristics of elbow flexion and forearm supination differed at the initial phase of EMG activity and whether preparation or the presence of response uncertainty influenced the EMG outputs of the two movements. In the simple-RT condition, RT of supination was significantly faster than that of flexion but EMG activity of supination was less than that of flexion. In contrast, in the choice-RT condition, RT of flexion was significantly faster than that of supination but EMG activity of flexion was significantly reduced compared to supination. These findings indicate that advanced preparation or motor set facilitates the differentiation of RTs and EMG activities of the response movements and that response uncertainty causes a significant change in the temporal and spatial specificity of both elbow flexion and forearm supination. PMID- 3226832 TI - Association of preference for modality to learning of rhythm patterns in music. AB - This study examined the relationship between preferences for learning modality and the learning and short-term retention of musical rhythm patterns. 55 third graders completed the Swassing Barbe Modality Index. These students were also presented two-measure rhythm patterns through their visual, auditory, and kinesthetic modalities. Analysis indicated that children who preferred on the modality index one modality over others tended to prefer that same modality when learning simple musical rhythms. PMID- 3226833 TI - Measurement of olfactory signal detectability using an air-dilution olfactometer. AB - The Cheesman air dilution olfactometer, although designed for group threshold measurements, was modified to allow individual testing of subjects. However, adaptation effects of olfactory stimuli precluded use of interstimulus intervals of less than 30 sec. so that 3-hr. testing sessions were necessary to obtain a single measurement of sensitivity. Four subjects were tested intensively with isopropyl alcohol (CH3CH(OH)CH3) at concentration levels determined by previous group threshold studies. In the first condition, one concentration only was presented in testing sessions, while in the second condition, six concentrations were presented and the limits of concentrations adjusted to allow subthreshold presentations. Signal detectability indices (dc') were calculated more frequently and more reliably in the second condition than in the first. PMID- 3226834 TI - Wings in the intershaft space contribute to the Mueller-Lyer illusion. AB - The interference of the wings of the wings-in part of the Mueller-Lyer figure was examined for the version of the illusion in which one part of the figure is placed above the other. Wings were removed in pairs from either above or below the shaft of one of the two parts of the figure. Subjects indicated the apparent difference between the lengths of the shafts of the two parts of the figure. Removal of the wings between the shafts of the wings-in part of the figure reduced the amount of the illusion more than removal of the wings from outside the shafts. Removing wings from the wings-out part of the figure reduced the amount of illusion, but it made no difference whether the wing removal occurred between or outside the shafts. PMID- 3226835 TI - College students' expectations when selecting racquetball and rhythmic fitness activity classes. PMID- 3226836 TI - Effects of walking on peak expiratory flow rate in four asthmatic children. AB - The effect of walking on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of four asthmatic children is reported. Subjects 1 and 2 exercised three days per week and Subjects 3 and 4 exercised two days per week during this 9-mo. study. Subjects 1 and 3 exercised for 10 wk., did not exercise for 11 wk., and exercised again for 11 wk. Subjects 2 and 4 did not exercise for 10 wk., exercised for 11 wk., and again did not exercise for 11 wk. Subjects 1, 2, and 4 had a higher mean PEFR during exercise than during no exercise, and Subject 3 had a lower mean PEFR during exercise than during no exercise. These results suggest that walking may positively influence PEFR of selected asthmatic children if factors such as environment, allergies, and medication side-effects can be controlled. PMID- 3226837 TI - Sugar proximity and human grip strength. AB - In a double-blind experiment with 90 undergraduate students the hypothesis was tested that proximity to sugar reduces human grip strength. An earlier study indicated that sugar proximity does indeed significantly reduce human grip strength. When additional controls were added to this design to reduce random sampling error, the hypothesis was not supported. PMID- 3226838 TI - Sex-role and opposite-sex interpersonal attraction. AB - Androgynous, traditional, and undifferentiated male and female subjects indicated their attraction to three opposite-sex strangers who were described as having an androgynous, traditional, and undifferentiated sex-role. Subjects' ability to describe the sex-roles of the strangers was also measured. Androgynous strangers were most preferred, undifferentiated strangers least preferred. The least preferred undifferentiated strangers' sex-role was most accurately described. Subjects were least successful in describing the androgynous sex-role. PMID- 3226839 TI - Graphing correlation coefficients: II. An alternative procedure. AB - A procedure based on the Pythagorean theorem is described for accurately portraying the relationships among the coefficients of correlation (r), determination (r2), nondetermination (1 - r2), and alienation (square root of 1 - r2). PMID- 3226840 TI - Psychology of computer use: V. Computer use and the experience of time. AB - To determine whether estimates of duration are altered when people use computers, 60 undergraduates solved easy or difficult single-solution anagrams presented on paper and by computer. Subjects who solved easy anagrams presented on paper underestimated the duration of time allowed for the task, while subjects who completed the anagrams presented by computer overestimated that duration. Also, subjects who solved difficult anagrams presented on computers solved significantly fewer anagrams than did subjects who solved difficult anagrams presented on paper. Results are discussed in terms of contradictory results of past research regarding perceived complexity of events in intervals and the interaction of task type and time estimation. PMID- 3226841 TI - The deterrent effect of executions on murder: effect of different ways of measuring execution rates. PMID- 3226842 TI - Self-esteem of adolescent girls as related to weight. AB - The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale was administered to 550 14- and 16-yr.-old (+/- 6 mo.) girls. Self-esteem scores were categorized by weight and weight by height. Scores on the Quetelet Index for obesity were correlated with self-esteem scores. Mean self-esteem of the low- and middle-weight by height group was significantly higher than the mean of the high-weight by height group. In analyzing weight alone, the self-esteem of the middle-weight group was significantly higher than the self-esteem of the high-weight group. The correlation of the obesity index and self-esteem indicated that as weight increased self-esteem decreased. PMID- 3226843 TI - Spiral aftereffects after long-term delay. AB - Tested the effects of three kinds of postadapation stimuli on short- and long term spiral aftereffects. Magnitude and duration of short-term aftereffects were significantly reduced by 5 min. of no visual stimulation preceding inspection of the postadaptation field. Results do not support previous findings of long-term aftereffects. PMID- 3226844 TI - Construction and validation of a perceived physical fitness scale. AB - Numerous researchers have demonstrated that improvements in physical conditioning can influence one's psychological functioning. Heaps proposed in 1978 that physical improvement does not improve psychological functioning. Heaps contended that only when an individual is cognitively aware of the physical improvement can one expect psychological functioning to be enhanced through physical activity. The purpose of this study was to construct a valid and reliable instrument to assess an individual's perception of his physical fitness. PMID- 3226845 TI - Effect of feedback on estimates of visual sensitivity. AB - Estimates of visual sensitivity are often difficult to interpret because nonsensory factors may influence performance on a psychophysical task. We examined for 19 naive students, ages 10 to 40 yr., the effect of feedback on estimates of contrast sensitivity and found no evidence that feedback improves performance when compared to no feedback conditions. PMID- 3226846 TI - Choice reaction time of elbow flexion and extension during passive elbow motions. AB - The effect of passive elbow motions on electromyographic reaction times (EMG-RTs) of the biceps brachii for elbow flexion and the triceps for elbow extension was investigated in 8 normal subjects, using a choice-RT task, in which the subject was uncertain about the response direction to perform until the arrival of response signal after the passive motion started. Compared to the static condition, choice EMG-RTs shortened only when the direction of passive and response movements was the same. It seems that passive motions act as prior information on direction of movement in the choice-RT task. PMID- 3226847 TI - Cloze analysis in schizophrenic speech: scoring method and raters' education. AB - This report examines two methodologic concerns pertaining to use of the cloze procedure in studying the predictability of schizophrenic speech, scoring criteria and raters' education (at or below college level). We find that two strategies for scoring the predictions of raters, one requiring the exact word, the other permitting a reasonable synonym, do not appear to differ in distinguishing groups of patients. The accuracy of raters' guessing is, however, correlated with raters' education: the more educated the rater, the more accurate the guessing. Thought-disordered schizophrenic speech is significantly less predictable than that of nonthought-disordered schizophrenics and normal controls when scored by less educated raters. These differences diminish when more highly educated raters are used. We conclude that raters' education can influence the sensitivity of cloze analysis. PMID- 3226848 TI - Effects of consistent aerobic exercise on the psychological functioning of women. AB - Effects of consistent aerobic exercise on depression, anxiety, and health locus of control for a group of nonclinical inactive women were investigated. Type A and Type H (hard-driving) behavioral styles were evaluated to determine whether these traits were related to exercise improvement. 26 women were randomly assigned to either an exercise group (n = 10) or exercise with cognitive strategy instructions (n = 16). All subjects increased distance run in 12-min. run test from pre- to posttest. Women improved in depression and trait anxiety. Depression was significantly correlated with body mass index at end of program. Posttest state-anxiety was significantly correlated with 6-wk. follow-up of exercise frequency. No significant difference in pre- and posttest health locus of control was found. Type H scores were significantly correlated with number of exercise sessions attended. Consistent aerobic exercise had a positive effect on psychological functioning, and some characteristics may affect exercise improvement. PMID- 3226849 TI - Note on the reliability and concurrent validity of the Spanish version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. PMID- 3226850 TI - Laterality differences for speed but not for control in sequential finger tapping. AB - Multiple or sequential finger tapping is preferential to the dominant right hand with respect to speed. However, in more complex movement, variables other than speed become important. The present investigation uses a sequential finger tapping task which permits assessment of between-hands differences with respect to rate and control of movement, with and without vision. 36 right-handed normal adults rapidly tapped their fingers in sequential order on a block (2.54 cm. sq.), trying not to move the block. Analyses of variance (mode x hand) performed for taps and shift of the block show the right hand to be faster than the left hand with and without vision, adding further to the notion that the left hemisphere predominates in increases in rapid movement and in sequencing aspects of motor activity. However, while both hands were steadier with vision than without, there were no between-hand differences with regard to control, suggesting equivalency of cerebral function for factors of manual sequencing other than speed. PMID- 3226851 TI - Suicide in the major leagues. PMID- 3226852 TI - Suicide rates by region of death and place of birth. PMID- 3226853 TI - Individual differences in cognitive strategy and personality traits as measured by the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. AB - The relationship between personality and preference for use of the right or left hemisphere of the brain in cognitive processing was investigated. Lateral eye movements were recorded as 50 female and 20 male right-handed subjects considered questions requiring reflection. The questions were not obviously "verbal" or "spatial" in nature but did require differing levels of reflection. Questions requiring higher levels of reflection produced a higher rate of lateral eye movement responses. Percent right eye movement for individual subjects was then correlated with scores on the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, using both first-order factors and the second-order factor Cortertia, which has some face validity as describing the personality generally ascribed to those who produce mostly right lateral eye movements. No correlation was found between the preferred directions of eye movements and 16 PF factors, which suggests that the lateral eye movements reflect thinking and problem-solving strategies but are not associated with personality styles. PMID- 3226854 TI - Age changes in assembly performance: a component analysis. AB - 100 children from Kindergarten to Grade 9 (i.e., 5 to 15 yr.) performed a one handed manual dexterity assembly task. The videotaped performances were analyzed for the components, Grasping, Transporting, Positioning, Reaching, and Pauses. All five components contributed significantly to the improvements in the lower grades. The Grasping component deteriorated significantly in the older children, but Reaching and Positioning continued to improve up to Grade 9. There were no sex differences. PMID- 3226855 TI - IES Arrow Dot performance and success in a cocaine detoxification program. AB - The IES Arrow-Dot was administered to 41 cocaine detoxification patients. This group's scores indicated lower ego functioning and higher impulsivity and superego functioning than other clinical samples. No significant differences were noted between the Arrow-Dot scores of patients who successfully completed the program and those who did not. PMID- 3226856 TI - Formant frequencies (F1, F2) of jaw-free versus jaw-fixed vowels in normal and articulatory disordered children. AB - Formant frequency data were gathered for four English vowels (i, ae, a, u) as produced by 15 male Caucasian subjects. There were 5 moderately articulatory disordered children aged 5.9 to 8.1 yr., 5 normal articulatory children aged 6.8 to 7.0 yr., and 5 normal adults aged 19.3 to 23.1 yr. All groups produced vowels under two conditions including with the mandible unconstrained in a normal or free condition and with the mandible fixed by a bite block. All subjects produced formant patterns within the ranges accepted for normal vowels in both jaw unconstrained and jaw fixed conditions. This finding suggests that articulation is a creative and context-sensitive behavior for normally matured, maturing, and developmentally immature systems. Also, it suggests that, if there are neurophysiological differences between groups, the vowel task is too simple to tease them out. The implication of these findings for consideration of tasks of motor equivalence is discussed. PMID- 3226857 TI - Sex differences among children on embedded tasks. AB - 100 8-yr.-old children (50 boys and 50 girls) were evaluated on the Children's Embedded Figures Test to determine whether there are differences in disembedding ability between boys and girls. Analysis indicated that the boys were superior to the girls on the test as a whole, but this superiority is the result of boys' greater ability to detect a triangular figure and not, on the contrary, their ability to detect the outline of a house. PMID- 3226858 TI - Comparison of orosensory confusions of hearing and hearing-impaired adults. AB - The relation between orosensory perception and articulation in 38 normal hearing adults (mean age = 20.1 yr.) with no articulation problems and 63 hearing impaired adults (mean age = 21.2 yr.) with articulation disorders was investigated. All adults were asked to identify as a visual-matching task the 20 National Institute of Dental Research orosensory forms with handles. Comparison of number and types of orosensory confusions of the participants showed no significant differences between the groups. Results could have been influenced by the test, the response sought, or the origin and nature of the articulation disorders of the hearing-impaired participants. Implications for further research are discussed. PMID- 3226859 TI - Perceptions on teaching. PMID- 3226860 TI - Reference frame effects on shape perception in two versus three dimensions. AB - Three experiments are reported in which it is tested whether the Gestalt effect of configural orientation on shape perception operates on two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) representations of space. It is known that gravitationally defined squares and diamonds take longer to discriminate in diagonal arrays than in horizontal or vertical arrays. In the first experiment it is shown that this interference effect decreases dramatically in magnitude when pictorial depth information is added so that subjects perceive the target shapes in different depth planes. In the second experiment this difference is shown not to be due to relative size of the target shapes or to occlusion of a background plane. It is also shown, in the final experiment, that this difference is not due to linear perspective information or merely to perception of the target figures in a 3-D scene. The overall pattern of results supports the position that this configural reference frame effect arises primarily when the elements of the configuration are coplanar, and that the principal organization underlying it is the structure of the perceived 3-D environment rather than that of the 2-D image. In all three experiments, however, there is also a small interference effect in the noncoplanar 3-D conditions. This might be due either to some aspect of reference frame selection operating on the 2-D image representation or to the failure of subjects to see depth in the 3-D stimuli on some proportion of the trials. PMID- 3226861 TI - The differential effects of brief exposures and surrounding contours on direct and indirect tilt illusions. AB - Four experiments in which logarithmic intervals between 25 and 1600 ms were used for stimulus duration in tests for the tilt illusion are reported. It is demonstrated that the direct and the indirect tilt illusions both increase in magnitude inversely with length of stimulus presentation. The data suggest that whereas the direct effect peaks with a value of about +7 degrees at the shortest flash duration used (25 ms), peak indirect effects (of about +2 degrees) do not occur at this duration. In addition, whereas direct effects level out after 100 ms stimulus exposure times, to the usual magnitude obtained with long presentations (about +2 degrees), indirect effects reach their standard magnitude (-0.5 degrees to -1.0 degrees) later, at exposures of about 400 ms. Even at very short flash durations, a luminance square frame surrounding the illusion display reduces the indirect effect by two thirds of its magnitude but has no effect at all on the direct effect. It is suggested that direct effects arise early in visual processing, in area V1, where there are transient mechanisms and where corruption of orientation analysis by the inducing grating would occur prior to later, extrastriate, global analysis of the surrounding peripheral frame. Indirect effects, on the other hand, may arise later, along the sustained parvocellular colour-form pathway, where more global processing occurs and susceptibility to surrounding fields might be expected. PMID- 3226862 TI - Interactions in the discrimination and absolute judgement of orientation and length. AB - An asymmetric model is described for interactions in the perception of two dimensions (length and orientation) of a single visual stimulus. Two methods were used to test these interactions, and models for the interpretation of the possible outcomes of these tests are discussed. A length discrimination task showed facilitation (decreased reaction time) when orientation was covaried with length, and interference (increased reaction time) when random orientation variation was introduced. A smaller effect was seen when length was varied in an orientation discrimination task in a correlated or random fashion. Analysis of sequential effects showed that reaction times are fastest on repetition trials and are slowed by either the need to change the response or the need for additional sensory processing. With the second method, it was found that the amount of information transmitted in the estimation of orientation was not affected by the introduction of the redundant dimension of length, but that there was a significant gain in the amount of information transmitted in the estimation of length by the addition of the redundant dimension of orientation. It is concluded that orientation is probably a perceptual primitive of the visual system whereas length is a computed variable. PMID- 3226863 TI - Psychophysical studies of shape with Fourier descriptor stimuli. AB - The Fourier descriptor (FD) method of shape representation provides a convenient description for the outlines of shapes. It can also be used to generate orthogonal patterns (FD stimuli) which are uniquely characterized by their frequency, amplitude, and phase. Psychophysical studies were conducted to assess threshold tuning properties and frequency specificity during adaptation to FD stimuli. The results suggest the operation of filters which are characterized by the parameter 'curvature frequency'. PMID- 3226864 TI - Uniform-field flicker masking in control and specifically-disabled readers. AB - Possible transient-system deficiencies in subjects with specific reading disabilities (SRDs) were investigated in groups of 13-year-old SRDs and control normal readers. In experiment 1, in which a 6 Hz uniform-field flicker (UFF) mask and a stationary test stimulus were used, it was found that the overall effect of UFF masking was to reduce differences in contrast sensitivity between SRDs and normal readers. In experiments 2a and 2b, with UFF masks of 6 and 20 Hz and a 6 Hz moving (experiment 2a) or flickering (experiment 2b) test stimulus, contrast sensitivity in both groups was decreased in the presence of the 6 Hz UFF mask. Only the control group, however, showed a further decrease in sensitivity with the 20 Hz UFF mask. This indicates that the groups differ in terms of a mechanism sensitive to high temporal frequencies. A 20 Hz counterphase flickering test stimulus was used in experiment 3 in the presence of 6 Hz UFF, and it was found that SRDs are less sensitive than controls to 20 Hz flicker across all spatial frequencies used. The 6 Hz mask, however, did not differentially affect the two groups. These findings provide further evidence for a transient-system deficit in the visual systems of SRDs, but also suggest a more complex situation by showing that the two groups differ in a high-temporal-frequency mechanism. PMID- 3226865 TI - Points and endpoints: a size/spacing constraint for dot grouping. AB - One-dimensional arrangements of dots immediately group into contours. It is reported that, when these contours participate in certain larger arrangements, there is an abrupt point at which the percept changes as a function of dot spacing (or density along the contour). Closely spaced arrangements give rise to subjective effects involving apparent brightness and depth, whereas sparsely spaced ones do not. The effects are most clear in configurations that involve endpoints and possible occlusions. For these configurations, densely dotted contours are perceptually equivalent to solid ones, but sparse ones are not. This change in percept occurs abruptly and consistently at a dot to space ratio of 1:5, when the dot density is normalized by dot size, and this point is called the size/spacing constraint. It holds only for dots of the order of 1 min visual angle in diameter when small to modest contrast values are used. The subjective effects are not present for dotted contours (or even for solid ones) that are smaller (less than 0.5 min), and differ for contours that are larger (greater than 10 min). To demonstrate the significance of size/spacing constraints for early vision, a framework for grouping consisting of processes at many different levels is outlined, and the requirements for the earliest one (orientation selection) are sketched in greater detail. The size/spacing constraint follows directly from one of these requirements--receptive field structure--and seems to indicate a switch from early orientation-selection processes to later ones. PMID- 3226866 TI - Sources of error in the Piagetian water-level task. AB - Task materials were devised which allowed two different explanations of the Piagetian water-level task to be distinguished. Two experiments are reported with 5-6 and 7-8 year olds in which both a predictive and a perceptual task were used. The results support Ibbotson and Bryant's explanation that the performance of young children is affected by a perpendicular bias. This effect was weaker, particularly among 7-8 year olds, in the perceptual task. PMID- 3226867 TI - Dynamic occlusion and motion parallax in depth perception. AB - Random-dot techniques were used to examine the interactions between the depth cues of dynamic occlusion and motion parallax in the perception of three dimensional (3-D) structures, in two different situations: (a) when an observer moved laterally with respect to a rigid 3-D structure, and (b) when surfaces at different distances moved with respect to a stationary observer. In condition (a), the extent of accretion/deletion (dynamic occlusion) and the amount of relative motion (motion parallax) were both linked to the motion of the observer. When the two cues specified opposite, and therefore contradictory, depth orders, the perceived order in depth of the simulated surfaces was dependent on the magnitude of the depth separation. For small depth separations, motion parallax determined the perceived order, whereas for large separations it was determined by dynamic occlusion. In condition (b), where the motion parallax cues for depth order were inherently ambiguous, depth order was determined principally by the unambiguous occlusion information. PMID- 3226868 TI - Information influences the pattern of eye fixations during sentence comprehension. AB - How does the pattern of eye fixation vary as an informative part of a word is encountered? If the processing of information lags behind the movement of the eyes, then we should expect no variation in the pattern; but if processing is immediate, then the movements of the reader's eyes should correspond to the distribution of information being inspected. An experiment is reported which examined the ways that the text ahead of the point of current fixation can be used to guide the eyes to future fixations, by monitoring fixations during a sentence comprehension task. The patterns of eye fixations upon words with uneven distributions of information (where, for example, words predictable from the sight of their first few letters but not from their last few letters are defined as containing informative beginnings) were observed, and it was found that more and longer fixations were produced when subjects looked at the informative parts of words, particularly at the informative endings of words. The results support the suggestion that eye movements are under the moment-to-moment control of cognitive mechanisms. PMID- 3226869 TI - The public perception of science (7): Clubs for inventors? PMID- 3226870 TI - Perceptions of depth elicited by occluded and shearing motions of random dots. AB - A computer-controlled display of random dots was used to study perceptions of depth. In this display, a field of stationary random dots surrounded a rectangular area in which random dots moved with uniform velocity in a single direction. The boundaries of this rectangle did not move. When dot motion was perpendicular to the longer boundary of the rectangle (occluded motion), the rectangle seemed to be behind the stationary background surround. Motion parallel to the longer boundary of the rectangle (shearing motion) made it appear in front of the surround. The relative lengths of the sides of the rectangle determined which effect predominated. Thus, for motion perpendicular to the long axis of the rectangle the occlusion predominated and naive subjects reported that the central area seemed farther away than the surround. For shearing motion parallel to the long axis, the subjects reported that the rectangle was closer than the surround and the strength of both effects also depended on the length-to-width ratio of the rectangle. If there was occluded motion along the long axis, as the length-to width ratio increased so did the likelihood that subjects would report seeing the rectangle behind the surround. Conversely, with shearing motion along the long axis, increasing the length-to-width ratio increased the likelihood that the rectangle would appear unambiguously in front of the surround. Some subjects integrated the two cues with the resulting perception being a rotating cylinder. The occlusion effect was stronger than the shearing effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226871 TI - The psychophysics of retrospective and prospective timing. AB - In two experiments, different groups of subjects heard four musical selections and then estimated the duration of each selection. Some groups made retrospective time estimates while others made prospective estimates. In both experiments, analyses of the psychophysical relation between perceived and actual duration showed that the slopes of straight-line fits were flatter and accounted for a smaller proportion of the variance under retrospective as compared with prospective conditions. In addition, in experiment 1, retrospective subjects were less accurate in rank ordering the selections from longest to shortest. There was also a serial-order effect, with selections estimated longer when they occurred early in the sequence. In experiment 2 the slopes decreased as the selections in a series became longer. Both retrospective and prospective estimates also exhibited a context effect, in that estimates of a given selection were influenced by the relative durations of the other three selections in the series. The results on inaccurate retrospective judgments raise questions about prior research on stimulus factors and retrospective timing. However, similarities under retrospective and prospective conditions suggest that timing under these conditions, although different in some respects, reflects a similar process. PMID- 3226872 TI - Real and subjective contour Poggendorff illusions: no differences based on eye color. AB - Measures of illusion magnitude for a real contour and two subjective contour Poggendorff figures were obtained from a large number of dark-eyed and light-eyed undergraduates. Illusion magnitude varied as a function of figure type. However, eye color neither had a significant overall effect on illusion magnitude, nor did it interact with the figure-type variable. These data indicate that the presence of intersecting lines is not the basis of the iris-pigmentation effect reported by Coren and Porac. PMID- 3226873 TI - Humour. PMID- 3226874 TI - Eleventh European Conference on Visual Perception. Bristol, England, 31 August-3 September 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3226875 TI - Interference with McCollough effects via pre- and postinduction exposure to achromatic gratings: time course and magnitude of aftereffect decrement. PMID- 3226876 TI - An investigation of the equiratio-mixture model in olfactory psychophysics: a case study. PMID- 3226877 TI - Experimental demonstration of the sensory basis of the size-weight illusion. PMID- 3226878 TI - Subitizing: direct apprehension or serial processing? PMID- 3226879 TI - Facilitation and interference with a separable redundant dimension in stimulus comparison. PMID- 3226880 TI - Are letter codes always activated? PMID- 3226882 TI - The effect of orientation on interpolated elastic structure from dot motion: its occurrence and persistence. PMID- 3226881 TI - Masking the motions of human gait. PMID- 3226883 TI - "Ratios" and "differences" in perceived sweetness intensity. PMID- 3226884 TI - Separating visible persistence from retinal afterimages. PMID- 3226885 TI - Familiarity and visual change detection. PMID- 3226886 TI - A procedure for obtaining young children's reports of olfactory stimuli. PMID- 3226888 TI - Perception of 3-D structure from motion: the role of velocity gradients and segmentation boundaries. PMID- 3226887 TI - Intensity and number of alternatives in hue identification: Pieron's law and choice reaction time. PMID- 3226889 TI - The recognition of words after their acoustic offsets in spontaneous speech: effects of subsequent context. PMID- 3226890 TI - The Fraser illusion: simple figures. PMID- 3226891 TI - The perception of stereoscopic transparency. PMID- 3226892 TI - The method of constant stimuli is efficient. PMID- 3226894 TI - Solving the rod-and-frame test in a tachistoscopic presentation: effects of stimulus size and perceptual style. PMID- 3226893 TI - Developmental versus sensory deficit effects on perceptual processing in the reading disabled. PMID- 3226895 TI - On the mathematical form of psychophysical relationships, with special focus on the perception of mechanical properties of solid objects. PMID- 3226896 TI - Binocular rivalry with chromatic contours. PMID- 3226897 TI - Contrast-increment thresholds are related to variability in the apparent contrast function. PMID- 3226898 TI - The role of vertical disparity in the scaling of stereoscopic depth perception: an empirical and theoretical study. PMID- 3226899 TI - Effects of target luminance and cue validity on the latency of visual detection. PMID- 3226901 TI - A theoretical note on R. Ulrich, "Threshold Models of Temporal-Order Judgments Evaluated by a Ternary Response Task". PMID- 3226902 TI - Symposium on nucleic acids technology. Okayama, Japan, February 20th-21st, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3226900 TI - Depth effect from a rotating line of constant length. PMID- 3226903 TI - Sequence-defined dimer block synthesis from unprotected nucleoside. AB - mediates to synthesize the oligodeoxynucleotides have been synthesize otected nucleoside using morpholinophosphorditetrazolide. From these sequence-defined oligodeoxynucleotides were also synthesized. The gen is composed of following steps; a) reaction of 5'-O-protected nucleo orpholinophosphorditetrazolide (phosphitilation), b) reaction of the nucleoside phosphoramidite with the second nucleoside (condensation), ueous oxidation with t-BuOOH (oxidation). RE 1/hlp F2/cmt F3/ext F4/can F5/nxt F6/ins F7/up F8/dwn F9/fin PMID- 3226904 TI - Differential scanning calorimetry of antitumor antibiotics-plasmid DNA interaction. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) can detect stepwise melting of plasmid DNA along the molecular chain with high resolution. This method was applied to study interaction of some antitumor antibiotics with the plasmid pJL3-TB5 DNA (5277 base-pairs in length). Analysis of DSC curves of the plasmid DNA in the presence of, for example, adriamycin, an antitumor antibiotics of anthracycline group, together with theoretical analysis of the DNA melting curves obtained by calculation from the entire base sequence, led to the conclusion that adriamycin bound preferentially to the four particular regions with high G + C content. The DSC method would thus be useful for the study of properties of drugs which bind to DNA. PMID- 3226905 TI - A model reaction for the repair of nucleic acids. The repair of thymidine bromohydrins. AB - Bromohydrins, which were damaged products of thymidines (2, 3, and 4), were repaired with sunlight of heat via a radical mechanism to regenerate the thymidines. A hypothesis for the biological significance of thymidine in DNA is presented. PMID- 3226906 TI - A new method for the unidirectional deletion of DNA with Bal 31 nuclease using 2' O-MeRNA-DNA chimeric adaptors. AB - We have developed a new procedure for unidirectional DNA deletion with Bal 31 nuclease. This method is based on the use of chimeric adaptors containing double strands of 2'-O-methyl RNA to block against an attack of Bal 31 nuclease. This contributes a wide application to learn the relation of structure-function of genes. PMID- 3226907 TI - Enzymatic replacement of RNA sequences in vitro; use of FPLC for rapid and efficient preparation of tRNA variants. AB - A chromatographic procedure using columns of Superose-12 (gel filtration) and PBA 30 (phenylboronate agarose) in tandem has been developed. This procedure is very useful for rapidly separating and efficiently recovering each of the components in the reaction mixture of joining reaction with RNA ligase, and thereby is also beneficial to rapid preparation of tRNA variants in a high yield. PMID- 3226908 TI - Enzymatic alteration of the anticodon IAC of Torulopsis tRNAVal to IAU for isoleucine anticodon and aminoacylation of the variant. AB - By enzymatic cleavage and ligation of tRNAVa1, its anticodon sequence IAC was altered to IAU, the anticodon of tRNAI1e. Valine acceptor activity of this variant tRNAVa1 (IAU) was reduced to the extent much lower than tyrosine acceptability of the previously prepared tRNATyr (GAA) (anticodon for tRNAPhe). Isoleucine acceptor activity was undetected, contrary to tRNATyr (GAA) which accepted phenylalanine weakly. Cleavage of tRNAVa1 (IAC) between IACA37 and C38 of its anticodon loop reduced the valine acceptor activity, suggesting some contribution of the conformation of the anticodon loop to the aminoacylation reaction. PMID- 3226910 TI - Nucleic acid synthesis and protein engineering. PMID- 3226909 TI - The RNA N-glycosidase activity of ricin A-chain. AB - The RNA N-glycosidase activity of ricin A-chain has been characterized. When rat liver ribosomes were used as substrates, the A-chain cleaved the N-glycosidic bond at A-4324 in 28S rRNA. An apparent Michaelis constant (Km) for the reaction was determined to be 2.6 microM and the turnover number (Kcat) was 1777 min-1. When naked rRNA was the substrate, the A-chain cleaved the same bond in 28S rRNA but at a greatly reduced rate. The Km value was 5.8 microM. The results suggest that the A-chain has a similar affinity for 28S rRNA in both ribosomes and the naked states. When the deproteinized Escherichia coli rRNA was the substrates, ricin A-chain cleaved a N-glycosidic bond at A-2600 in 23S rRNA which corresponds to the ricin-site in 28S rRNA of rat liver ribosomes, while the A-chain has little activity on 23S rRNA in the ribosomes. The results suggest that ricin A chain acts directly on RNA by recognizing a certain structure in the molecules. Using the secondary structure models for each species of rRNA, we have deduced a loop and stem structure having GAGA in the loop to be a minimum requirement for the substrate of ricin A-chain. PMID- 3226911 TI - Single-stranded DNA fragments holding unusual conformation. AB - In the chemical synthesis of DNA, we found that the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) fragments containing the sequence GCGAAAGC showed higher mobilities than the fragments without this sequence on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Physical structure of these DNA fragments was studied by enzyme digestion and optical analysis. The abnormal mobilities on electrophoresis seem to depend on an unusual conformation. PMID- 3226912 TI - Simple and effective method of electroporation for introduction of plasmid and cosmid DNAs to mammalian cells. AB - We have established a simple and efficient method of electroporation applicable to gene transfer in mammalian cells. It uses a single decaying pulse of around 1 ms at room temperature in the medium such as Saline G appropriate for repair of pulse-induced pores in the plasma membrane. Many types of cells (both floating and adherent) could be transformed efficiently by the electric field strengths between 1-2 kV/cm. For instance P3U1, mouse myeloma cell, could be transformed by a pulse at 1.2 kV/cm with the frequency of 10(-2) per viable cells and with survivals of 90%. We have applied these conditions to transform tsBN2 cell line of BHK21/13 by a cosmid clone (approximately 45 kb) carrying the human gene complementing to tsBN2 mutation. Significant levels of transformation were observed for this gene. Since this gene can only work as a whole size (approximately 30 kb), the results show that electroporation is useful to introduce cosmid or possibly genomic DNA to mammalian cells. PMID- 3226913 TI - A new transfection method of mouse FM3A mammary carcinoma cells with plasmid DNA. AB - High-frequency transfection of mouse FM3A cells with plasmid pSV2neo DNA was achieved by incubation of the cells with DNA plus polybrene for 6 hours followed by an osmotic shock with hypertonic NaCl solution. When incubated for 20 min at 34 degrees C, FM3A cells showed resistance to the osmolarity change from 0.1 to 9.0% NaCl in the medium. Within this range of NaCl concentration, 5-7% gave the highest efficiency of transfection. Both linear and circular forms of plasmid DNA produced transformants with equal efficiency. This method was simple, reproducible and carrier DNA was not required. The efficiency was about 100 times higher than that of the widely used method with DNA-calcium phosphate precipitates. Transformed cells were stable and different numbers of plasmid DNA copies were detected with different restriction sites. PMID- 3226914 TI - Tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)dichlorophosphorane as a condensing agent: a new type of activation of phosphodiester components in the phosphotriester method. AB - The title compound (BDCP) was found to be effective for the rapid internucleotidic bond formation in the presence of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (NT). Mechanism of the condensation reaction was elucidated by means of 31P-NMR. It was proved that there was no active species but the desired nucleotide derivatives, phosphorochloridate and phosphorylnitrotriazole, in the reaction mixture. Thus, the side-reaction of excess condensing agent in the conventional phosphotriester method was overcome. PMID- 3226915 TI - Several aspects of total genomic DNA transcription in a HeLa cell extract. AB - Several aspects of total genomic DNA transcription in a HeLa cell extract were described. (1) By using in vitro transcripts from total genomic DNA as probes, we elucidated several structures of short interspersed elements which are transcribed by RNA polymerase III (designated as Pol III/SINEs. (2) To know whether the repetitive sequence we cloned and sequenced comprises a major or minor family, we developed in vitro run-off transcription assay of total genomic DNA. (3) Unlike in vitro transcription of total genomic DNA from vertebrates, major in vitro transcripts from macronuclear total DNA of Tetrahymena were found to be tRNA themselves. PMID- 3226916 TI - Analysis of superhelical structures of nucleic acid-lipid conjugates by image processing. AB - Nucleoside-phospholipid conjugates containing a nucleotidyl residue and two long alkyl chains have been synthesized and their self-organization and morphology have been investigated. In particular, 5'-phosphatidylcytidine spontaneously assembled to form linear and circular strands. Image processing analysis of the electron micrograph of the strands confirmed that they are indeed double helix reminiscent of the double-helical structure of nucleic acids. The linear and circular strands from 5'-phosphatidylcytidine had grooves of approximately 100 A in diameter and right-handed helical pitch of approximately 240 A. PMID- 3226917 TI - Adenine-adenine interaction in adenylyladenosine and polyadenylic acid measured with emission spectroscopy. AB - Dynamical behavior of a melting of stacking interaction in adenylyladenosine (ApA) and polyadenylic acid (polyA) has been investigated with steady state and time resolved emission spectroscopy. Temperature dependence of monomer-like emission and excimer emission shows that the melting behavior of ApA can be analyzed by a simple two-state model whereas that of polyA exhibits the influence of neighboring adenine molecules which can interact in the excited state. PMID- 3226918 TI - Synthesis and application of a new phosphorylating agent: S-(N monomethoxytritylaminoethyl)-O-(o-chlorophenyl)phosphorothi oate. AB - A new phosphorylating agent, S-(N-monomethoxytritylaminoethyl)-O-(O-chlorophenyl) phosphorothioate, was prepared and reacted with a 5'-hydroxyl group of an oligonucleotide using 1-mesitylene-sulfonyl-3-nitrotriazole (MSNT) as a condensing agent. After base labile protecting groups were removed, the partially deprotected oligonucleotide was separated on a reversed phase column and converted to the oligonucleotide with an aminoethyl or a phosphoryl group at the 5'-end by treatment with 80% acetic acid or iodine-water, respectively. The syntheses of ppT, pppT, A5'pp5'T and A5'ppp5'T were also performed by treatment of 5'-O-(N-monomethoxytritylaminoethylthiophosphoryl) thymidine with tri-n octylammonium salt of phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, pA and ppA, respectively. PMID- 3226919 TI - Application of allyloxycarbonyl group as a protecting group to oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis. AB - The allyloxycarbonyl (AOC) group, known as an efficient amino protective group in solution-phase synthesis of nucleotides, has been used for the first time in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. The efficiency of the new procedure is compared with that of the conventional N-acyl protection. PMID- 3226920 TI - The use of oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to probe molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis. PMID- 3226921 TI - Nucleic acid analogs for high performance liquid chromatography. AB - HPLC resins containing nucleic acid base derivatives were successfully prepared. These resins were found to give excellent complementary separation of nucleic acid base derivatives, nucleosides, nucleotides, and oligonucleotides. These resins may be useful for separation of components of nucleic acids and polynucleotides as a specific separation system, while ion-exchange and reverse phase systems are non-specific separation systems. PMID- 3226922 TI - Efficient oligoadenylate synthesis catalyzed by uranyl ion complex in aqueous solution. AB - Polymerization of adenosine-5'-phosphorimidazolide in an aqueous solution was conducted with uranyl ion as a catalyst. Oligoadenylate formation took place efficiently with high regio-selectivity (2'-5' linkage). The oligoadenylates up to hexadecamer were obtained in a high total yield. The chain length and the regio-selectivity of the resulting oligoadenylates varied greatly depending on the concentration of the uranyl ion catalyst. The oligonucleotide formation is likely to be mediated by uranylnucleotide complex. PMID- 3226923 TI - Use of non-radioactive DNA probes for the characterization of adult T-cell leukemia cells. AB - DNA fragments were labeled with dinitrophenyl (DNP) residues by the reaction with 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde in alkaline condition and the labeled DNA was used as a probe for non-radioactive in situ hybridization. DNP-labeled DNA probes for T cell receptor beta chain, c-myc and HTLV-1 were hybridized in situ to mRNA on cell specimens fixed with Carnoy's fixative. DNA-mRNA hybrids were detected immunohistochemically using anti-DNP antibodies. Cytoplasms of adult T cell leukemia cells were stained with varied intensity when these probes were used. More than 70% of cells were positively stained with T cell receptor probe. However, less than 30% of cells were stained with c-myc and HTLV-1 probes. The present study indicates that non-radioactive in situ hybridization can be used for the characterization and classification of leukemia. PMID- 3226924 TI - Quantitation of beta-tubulin mRNA in mouse brain by RNA-RNA hybridization kinetics with single-stranded riboprobes. AB - A quantitative procedure involving RNA-RNA hybridization kinetics was developed for measurement of specific mRNA accumulated in particular tissues and cells. Two types of riboprobes for quantitating mouse beta-tubulin mRNA were prepared; one was a truncated RNA covering only the coding portion of beta-tubulin cDNA and the other was a non-truncated RNA covering the vector portion as well as the coding portion. These antisense RNAs were hybridized with the mouse brain RNA, yielding heat-stable hybrids. The truncated and non-truncated antisense RNA probes showed similar hybridization kinetics. Hybridization of the sense RNA, consisting of the beta-tubulin coding portion, with the antisense RNA probe gave standards for determining the proportion of beta-tubulin mRNA in total brain RNA. By this method, the amounts of beta-tubulin mRNA included in the brains of mice of 10 and 50 days old were quantitated. PMID- 3226925 TI - (Butylthio)carbonyl group: a new protecting group for the guanine and uracil residues in oligoribonucleotide synthesis. AB - The protection of the O6-amide and N2-amino groups of guanosine and the N3-imide group of uridine with the (butylthio)carbonyl group is described. This group could be rapidly introduced in good yields and removed very easily under the conventional deprotective conditions of the exo-amino acyl groups of other nucleoside bases. PMID- 3226926 TI - Applications of universal probe on DNA hybridization. AB - A convenient method for DNA hybridization termed "Universal probe" is described which is based on the principle of sandwich hybridization. This system consists of two probes: primary probe which is single-stranded DNA prepared from a chimeric phage-plasmid vector containing the complementary sequence to a target; and labeled secondary probe which has an opposite strand of the primary probe without the complementary sequence. By use this universal probe human beta-globin gene was able to be detected on Southern blots of genomic DNA. A potential advantage of this method is that the single-stranded primary probe is prepared easily by the chimeric phage-plasmid vector system and tedious labeling is not needed each time. PMID- 3226927 TI - Bovine mitochondrial tRNAPhe, tRNASer (AGY) and tRNASer (UCN): preparation using a new detection method and their properties in aminoacylation. AB - Bovine mitochondrial tRNAPhe, tRNASer (AGY), and tRNASer (UCN) possessing unusual structures were purified using a new hybridization assay system and their properties in aminoacylation were examined. Bovine mitochondrial phenyl-alanyl- and seryl-tRNA synthetases could aminoacylate the same amino acid-specific tRNAs obtained not only from the mitochondria but also from other sources such as E. coli, Thermus thermophilus, bovine and yeast cytosols and archaebacteria, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. On the contrary, none of both bacterial and cytosolic synthetases could aminoacylate the same amino acid specific tRNAs from the heterologous sources with some exceptions. We consider that the bovine mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have considerably simple recognition mechanism toward the substrate tRNAs compared with the non-mitochondrial ones. This mechanism may be correlated with the occurrence of structural varieties of the mitochondrial tRNA species with unusual structures. PMID- 3226928 TI - [Modification of the method of irradiation of breast cancer using Gammatron S]. PMID- 3226930 TI - [Diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura]. PMID- 3226929 TI - [Results of radioisotope teletherapy of cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 3226931 TI - [Squamous cell carcinoma of the wall of renal cyst]. PMID- 3226932 TI - [Surgically treated giant neoplastic cyst of the pancreas]. PMID- 3226933 TI - [Principles of the structure and expression of eukaryotic genes]. PMID- 3226934 TI - [Kidney function test using sodium orthoiodohippuric acid: its use in oncological practice]. PMID- 3226935 TI - Experimental microbial growth: reaction-mass conservation law. PMID- 3226936 TI - [Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: epidemiologic aspects and distribution in the natural and hospital environment]. PMID- 3226937 TI - [Fungal spores as risk factors at confectionery work places]. PMID- 3226938 TI - [Indications of fecal contamination and presence of Salmonella, Yersinia and Staphylococcus aureus in commercial flesh fly larvae ("cagnotti" or "bigattini")]. PMID- 3226939 TI - [Preliminary results on the use of gaseous chlorine (by sterihydrol and rapid hydrolysis) in the treatment of infected solid refuse]. PMID- 3226940 TI - [Prevalence of anti-echinococcus antibodies in a rural population of southern Italy]. PMID- 3226941 TI - Clinical assessment of the respiratory muscles. PMID- 3226942 TI - [Function of respiratory muscles and their training in patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 3226943 TI - [Reaction of the bronchi to histamine provocation recorded by maximal expiratory flow-volume curves. I. Maximal expiratory flow rate (V'emax)]. PMID- 3226944 TI - [Reaction of the bronchi to histamine provocation recorded by maximal expiratory flow-volume curves. II. Respiratory homogeneity]. PMID- 3226945 TI - [Synergistic effects of davercin, rifampicin, ethambutol and isonicotinic acid hydrazide on selected standard strains of Mycobacterium in the in-vitro and in vivo experiments]. PMID- 3226946 TI - [Pulmonary retention cysts]. PMID- 3226947 TI - [Metastases of lung cancer to the lymph nodes simulating arteriosclerosis obliterans]. PMID- 3226948 TI - Sequence analyses of two neuropeptides of the AKH/RPCH-family from the lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera. AB - Two neuropeptides with adipokinetic activity in Locusta migratoria and hypertrehalosaemic activity in Periplaneta americana were purified by high performance liquid chromatography from the corpus cardiacum of the lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera. The sequences of both peptides, designated Ro I and Ro II, were determined by gas-phase sequencing employing Edman degradation after the N-terminal pyroglutamate residue was enzymatically deblocked, as well as by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Ro I was found to be a decapeptide with the primary structure: pGlu-Val-Asn-Phe-Thr-Pro-Asn-Trp-Gly-Thr-NH2, whereas Ro II is an octapeptide with the structure: pGlu-Val-Asn-Phe-Ser-Thr-Gly-Trp-NH2. Ro II is identical with AKH-G isolated from the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. Synthetic materials having the assigned structures were found to be chromatographically, mass spectrometrically, and biologically indistinguishable from the natural peptides, confirming the sequences and establishing the Romalea peptides as members of the AKH/RPCH-family of peptides. PMID- 3226949 TI - Neonatal administrations of a vasopressin analog (DDAVP) and hypertonic saline enhance learning behavior in rats. AB - Groups of newborn Wistar rats received daily 1-desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP), oxytocin (OXT), hypertonic saline or normal saline for 14 days from day 1 to day 14 of life. One or three months later they were trained in a maze for brightness discrimination (BD). A group of untreated adult male rats received posttrial DDAVP or normal saline for brightness discrimination. Subsequently all the retentions of BD were tested after one month. We found that the neonatal treatments with both DDAVP and hypertonic saline facilitated acquisition and subsequent maintenance of brightness discrimination in immature and mature rats, and also that posttreatment with DDAVP enhanced retention of BD in adult rats. Oxytocin and normal saline had no effect on these parameters. The results are interpreted as showing that endogenous AVP and its synthetic analog enhance the development and adult function of central neural substrates involved in learning behaviors. PMID- 3226950 TI - Continuous intraventricular infusion of neuropeptide Y evokes episodic food intake in satiated female rats: effects of adrenalectomy and cholecystokinin. AB - In these studies the pattern of feeding behavior during continuous intraventricular (IVT) infusion of NPY for 4 hr in the satiated female rat was monitored. Whereas saline infusion was ineffective, each of the three doses of NPY (117, 470 or 1175 pmol/hr) increased feeding during the entire 4 hr infusion and 2 hr postinfusion period. The cumulative food intake at the end of 4 hr of NPY infusion was enhanced in a dose-related fashion between 0, 117 and 470 pmol/hr; at 1175 pmol/hr food intake plateaued. In addition, the latency to initiate feeding response decreased in a dose-related fashion and feeding occurred in discrete (35-45) episodes during the 4 hr infusion period. Further, the total time feeding and local eating rate (g/min) increased significantly in response to the higher rates of NPY infusion. Concurrent infusion of cholecystokinin (CCK) at either equimolar or 2.5 x NPY dose, affected neither the NPY-induced cumulative food intake nor any other parameter of feeding behavior. On the other hand, cumulative food intake was significantly decreased in adrenalectomized rats in response to NPY infusion (470 pmol/hr); a response due primarily to a marked suppression in some, and almost complete cessation of food consumption in other rats during the second 2 hr period of NPY infusion. These studies show that continuous central infusion of NPY can produce sustained, intermittent feeding behavior and adrenalectomy significantly curtailed the duration of NPY effectiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3226951 TI - Anorectic effect of calcitonin, neurotensin and bombesin infused in the area of the rostral part of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in the rat. AB - The three neuropeptides calcitonin, neurotensin and bombesin can decrease food intake in the rat when injected into the cerebral ventricles or into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is an important site for the integration of visceral and endocrine systems, and has connections with the nucleus of the tractus solitarius which is a major locus for visceral afferents. Since calcitonin, neurotensin and bombesin, or their receptors, have been found to be present in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, we tested the effects of local infusions of these peptides on food intake. The peptides were microinjected in a 0.25 microliter volume in rats trained to eat for only 3 hours per day. The injections were made in the rostral part of the nucleus and surrounding areas, through the lateral vestibular nuclei, to avoid leakage of the peptides into the cerebrospinal fluid. In the nucleus of the tractus solitarius the three peptides decreased food intake by more than 50%. The peptides were also active in the spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis, and, for calcitonin and bombesin, in the reticular formation under the nucleus of the tractus solitarius. A local diffusion from the point of injection may explain some of these results. Therefore, the area of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius is a nonhypothalamic site where these peptides can act to produce anorexia. PMID- 3226952 TI - Isolation and characterization of rabbit gastrin. AB - The heptadecapeptide form the rabbit gastrin was extracted from 16 rabbit antra and purified by a combination of DEAE Sephadex, C-18 SEP PAK cartridges, fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) steps. After the HPLC purification, a sharp, single peak of gastrin-like immunoreactivity was detected that had the same absorption to immunoreactivity ratio as human gastrin. An amino terminal pyrrolidone carboxylic acid blocking group was removed by incubation with pyrrolidone carboxylic peptidase. The amino acid analysis, microsequence analysis and mass spectrometry all confirmed the structure of rabbit gastrin being pQGPWLQEEEEAYGWMDFamide. This sequence is identical to human gastrin-17 except for glutamine in position 6 which replaces glutamate in human gastrin. Both sulfated and unsulfated rabbit gastrin-17 were characterized by mass spectrometry. PMID- 3226953 TI - Effects of the enkephalin analogue FK33-824 on rectal temperature and respiratory rate in male mice. AB - Subcutaneous administration of the enkephalin analogue FK33-824 (FK) elicited a dose-related decrease in rectal temperature and respiratory rate in male ddY strain mice. Naloxone and 3 days' implantation of morphine pellet decreased the effects of FK, suggesting the involvement of opioid receptors and cross-tolerance with morphine to both effects of FK. A positive correlation was found between the FK-induced decrease in rectal temperature and that in respiratory rate among the 6 strains of inbred mice including BALB/c, C3H, A/J, CBA, C57BL/6 and DBA/2. The degree of hypothermia elicited by FK was different among strains, whereas marginal strain difference was seen in the respiratory depression induced by FK. The strain difference in the FK responses may be due to the difference in the opioid receptor subtypes in the brain. PMID- 3226954 TI - Fluorescent, photoaffinity, and biotinyl analogs of oxytocin. AB - This study reports the solid phase synthesis and biological activities of two oxytocin analogs, [1-desamino, 4-lysine,7-(L-3,4,-dehydroproline)]oxytocin and [1 desamino, 4-threonine,7-(L-3,4-dehydroproline),8-lysine]oxytocin, and several fluorescent, photoaffinity, or biotinylated derivatives of these analogs and of oxytocin. The activities (in IU/mg) of the lysine-containing parent compounds, respectively, were as follows: uterus (without Mg++) 4.8 and 54; uterus (with Mg++) 19 and 440; milk ejection 65 and 414. The above analogs were coupled through the chemically reactive epsilon-amino group of lysine in position 4 or 8 or, in the case of oxytocin, through the N-terminal amino group of fluoresceine, photoaffinity, or biotinyl ligands. Fluoresceine coupled in position 1 of oxytocin gave an analog of low to moderate uterine (3.8 without Mg+ and 1.9 with Mg++) and milk ejection (7.9) activities. Analogs with biotin or fluoresceine coupled to lysine in position 4 had moderate uterine (11 and 23 without Mg++; 38 and 11 with Mg++) and milk ejection (33 and 13) activities. Analogs with fluoresceine, photoaffinity, or biotinyl labels coupled to lysine in position 8 retained good uterine (106, 62, and 147 without Mg++; 79, 78, and 509 with Mg++) and milk ejection (101, 181, and 247) activities and represent potentially useful experimental tools for studying hormone-receptor interactions and for receptor localization and isolation. PMID- 3226955 TI - Regional distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide in brains from normal and parkinsonian subjects. AB - The distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the post-mortem human brain was determined by radioimmunoassay using a highly specific antiserum. The detection limit of the assay was 4 fmol/tube. The highest concentrations of VIP were found in the cerebral cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus and hippocampus. The lowest levels of peptide were detected in basal ganglia including caudate nucleus, external pallidum, putamen and substantia nigra. All dilution curves of acetic acid extracts from different brain areas were strictly parallel to the standard curve. Sephadex G-50 gel filtration of frontal cortex extract showed that VIP-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) eluted as a major peak comigrating with synthetic hVIP. Detailed mapping of VIP in the human cerebral cortex showed the existence of a rostro-caudal gradient of VIP-LI concentrations: the frontal cortex exhibited the highest VIP levels, the parietal and temporal cortex contained medium values and the occipital cortex contained the lowest VIP levels. The concentrations of VIP-LI were compared in various regions of the human brain from normal and parkinsonian subjects. No significant changes in VIP-LI levels occurred in the brains of patients dying with Parkinson's disease. No difference in VIP levels could be found either when the parkinsonian group was subdivided into nondemented and demented patients. These data indicate that VIP-containing neurons are not affected in parkinsonian patients. Our results also suggest that VIP neuronal systems are not involved in the course of dementing process in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3226956 TI - Distribution of a novel cardioactive neuropeptide (CCAP) in the nervous system of the shore crab Carcinus maenas. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the recently discovered crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) has been developed and used to determine contents of CCAP in different parts of the nervous system of the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Immunoreactive material was detected throughout the nervous system. In contrast to the main ganglia which contained low levels of approximately 1.4 pmol CCAP/mg protein (brain and thoracic ganglion), a high concentration was found in a neurohemal structure, the pericardial organs (PO) (868 pmol/mg protein). A predominantly neurohormonal role of CCAP thus suggested is further supported by in vitro release studies. Incubation of POs in high (K+) saline showed that CCAP is secretable in considerable amounts by a Ca++-dependent release mechanism. PMID- 3226958 TI - Distribution of immunoreactive mesotocin and vasotocin in the brain and pituitary of chickens. AB - The distribution of vasotocin and mesotocin in the pituitary and central nervous system in male chickens was determined using radioimmunoassays. Neither peptide was detected in the pineal. Mesotocin, but not vasotocin, was detected in the cerebellum. Both peptides were found in the septal area, archistriatum, paleostriatum, optic lobe, anterior, medial and posterior hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and the anterior and posterior pituitary. Equal amounts of the 2 peptides were present in the septal area, archistriatum and anterior hypothalamus whereas vasotocin was more abundant (2- to 10-fold) in the paleostriatum, optic lobe, midbrain, and pituitary. The amount of mesotocin was about twice that of vasotocin in the medulla oblongata and the medial and posterior hypothalamus. The wide distribution of vasotocin and mesotocin in extrahypothalamic sites in the central nervous system suggests that the peptides may, as in mammals, have a role in a variety of autonomic and endocrine regulatory processes in chickens. PMID- 3226957 TI - Respiratory actions induced by cholecystokinin at the brainstem level. AB - A functional differentiation of the action of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on the respiratory centers was accomplished by the topical application to the ventral surface of the medulla and to the dorso-rostral pontine surface in cats. In the medulla, CCK-8S at doses ranging from 0.09 nmol to 0.88 nmol, stimulated tidal volume in a dose-dependent fashion, with minimal or no changes in frequency. The antagonist proglumide (30 nmol) inhibited specifically the action on the respiratory amplitude. In the pons, CCK-8S did not modify the respiratory activity even at the dose of 8.8 nmol. The results suggest a specific involvement of CCK-8S in the mechanisms controlling respiratory amplitude, which appear mostly restricted to the medullary level. The lack of effect of the peptide in the pons is in agreement with the absence of CCK receptors in the respiration related nuclei located at that level, as evidenced by autoradiographic studies. PMID- 3226959 TI - Enzyme-resistant CCK analogs with high affinities for central receptors. AB - Based on the results of the in vitro metabolism of CCK8 by various peptidases, we have synthesized three CCK analogs: Boc-Tyr(SO3H)-Nle-Gly-Trp-(N- Me)Nle-Asp-Phe NH2 (compound I), Boc-Tyr(SO3H)-gNle-mGly-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-Nh2 (compound II), Boc Tyr(SO3H)-gNle-mGly-Trp-(N-Me)Nle-Asp-Phe-NH2 (compound III). In in vitro enzymatic degradation studies, these compounds showed a high stability toward either enkephalinase or the enzymes present in crude rat brain membranes preparations. Moreover, in binding studies on guinea pig tissues, these CCK related peptides were characterized by high apparent affinities for brain CCK receptors and by a broader range of affinities for pancreatic CCK receptors. This broad range of affinities was reflected by their pharmacological potencies in the guinea pig pancreatic amylase release and ileum contraction assays. These enzyme resistant CCK analogs provide therefore valuable tools to investigate the pharmacology of CCK. PMID- 3226962 TI - Hemispheric specialization. PMID- 3226960 TI - Neuropeptide K-(1-24)-peptide: storage and release by carcinoid tumors. AB - An antiserum directed against the COOH-terminal region of neuropeptide K-(1-24) peptide that shows only 0.5% reactivity with neuropeptide K has been used in radioimmunoassay to study the posttranslation processing of human beta preprotachykinin. A primary midgut carcinoid tumor contained high concentration of substance P (2970 pmol/g), neurokinin A (3660 pmol/g) and neuropeptide K-(1 24)-peptide (3430 pmol/g) but only a very low concentration (less than 5 pmol/g) of intact neuropeptide K. Neuropeptide K-(1-24)-peptide was also detected in extracts of metastatic tumor tissue from four patients with midgut carcinoid tumors. The amino acid sequence of tumor neuropeptide K-(1-24)-peptide was identical to that predicted from the nucleotide sequence of a human beta preprotachykinin cDNA. The fasting plasma concentration of neuropeptide K-(1-24) peptide was elevated in a patient with the carcinoid syndrome (821 fmol/ml compared with less than 18 fmol/ml in healthy subjects) and rose approximately 2 fold after intravenous pentagastrin. The study has demonstrated that the Lys25 Arg26 bond in neuropeptide K (corresponding to Lys96-Arg97 in the precursor) is an important processing site in human beta-preprotachykinin. PMID- 3226961 TI - The bag cell egg-laying hormones of Aplysia brasiliana and Aplysia californica are identical. AB - Egg laying in the marine molluscan genus Aplysia is elicited by an egg-laying hormone (ELH) which induces ovulation and acts on central neurons to effect egg laying behavior. ELH, isolated from the A. californica bag cells, and three ELH related peptides, isolated from the A. californica atrial gland, have been chemically characterized, yet relatively little is known about homologous peptides in other Aplysia species. In these studies, the primary structure of A. brasiliana ELH was determined. Bag cell clusters were extracted in an acidic solution, and the peptides purified by sequential gel filtration and reversed phase HPLC; ELH was identified by bioassay. Amino acid compositional and sequence analyses demonstrated that the neurohormone was a 36-residue peptide whose sequence was identical to that of A. californica ELH: NH2-Ile-Ser-Ile-Asn-Gln-Asp Leu-Lys-Ala-Ile-Thr-Asp-Met-Leu-Leu-Thr-Glu- Gln-Ile- Arg-Glu-Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr-Leu Ala-Asp-Leu-Arg-Gln-Arg-Leu-Leu-Glu-Lys-COOH . PMID- 3226963 TI - Hemispheric specialization and creativity. AB - The results of an experimental study on commissurotomy (split-brain) patients and normal control subjects illuminate the difference in creativity. The surgical disconnection of transcallosal interhemispheric exchange and of any access or communication between the two hemispheres creates in commissurotomy patients an outstanding lack of creativity which could be demonstrated on a lexical, sentential, global, affective, and EEG-analysis level. In contrast to split-brain or alexithymic people, expressive-creative persons verbalized their presentational symbolization and imagery of the right hemisphere which was transformed via corpus callosum to the left hemisphere, called symbollexia. Thus, creativity can be understood as the opposite of alexithymia. The hypothetical concept of creativity as hemispheric bisociation was supported by EEG findings, suggesting an inhibition and lack of inner speech between the two language centers in alexithymic people versus a higher interhemispheric coherence level in expressive-creative persons. Further on, the difference of expressed feelings of anxiety and hostility suggests a restrictive set of rules and of early superego components in commissurotomy patients in contrast to expressive-creative people who empathically experience and verbalize their anxiety about death and are open to the experience of their being in the world as an act of creation. Finally, the vignette of a creative patient whose left hemisphere was overflooded by affects and imagery, expressed in her pictures, illuminates the importance of a balanced transcallosal symbollexia and hemispheric bi-sociation in psychotherapy. PMID- 3226964 TI - Alexithymia and the split brain: VI. Electroencephalographic correlates of alexithymia. AB - Electroencephalographic recordings of eight corpus callosotomy patients and eight precision-matched control subjects were obtained as subjects watched a film symbolically depicting death. A content-analytic measure of alexithymia was regressed on eight auto-spectral alpha-band intensity averages and on subsets of alpha-band coherence averages. Results were interpreted on the basis of three possible mechanisms of alexithymia: (1) Alexithymic subjects had more right temporal alpha-band intensity, suggesting inadequate understanding of the film. (2) A possible lack of inner speech in alexithymics was suggested by their relative alpha abundance of the left frontal and left temporal channels but left parietal alpha desynchronization, and by their lower left frontotemporal but higher left parietofrontal and left parietotemporal coherences. (3) Alexithymic subjects had higher right frontal-left parietal and left frontal-left parietal coherences, suggesting possible interhemispheric inhibition of expression. Expressive subjects had higher right frontal-left temporal (and homologous interhemispheric frontal, parietal, and frontal) coherences, suggesting interhemispheric facilitation of verbal expression. PMID- 3226965 TI - Alexithymia and the split brain: VII. Evidence from graphologic signs. AB - This paper is the seventh report on a single experimental study of alexithymia in corpus callosotomy patients and precision-matched normal controls. This comparison is based on the hypothesis that, insofar as affective verbal expression is enhanced by cortical activities linking the nonverbal representations of emotions (feelings and symbols) of the right hemisphere of the brain to the verbalization capabilities of the left hemisphere, corpus callosotomy patients--lacking the cortical connections to make such interhemispheric exchange possible--would be alexithymic. PMID- 3226966 TI - Right-brain techniques: a catalyst for creative thinking and internal focusing. A study of five writers and six psychotherapists. AB - Comparing the scientific reports of brain researchers such as Sperry, Bogen, Diamond, Geschwind, and Hoppe with the subjective reports of high achievers in various fields of the arts, sciences, and industry reveals that there is a correlation between creative thinking and right hemisphere specialization. Learning how to stimulate right hemisphere activity can be of great benefit to high achievers in fields that require one to be internally focused, to be sensitive to the intonations of voice and body-language, to comprehend symbols and metaphors, to think visually and holistically, to work constructively with affect, or to enhance imaginative thinking. This report is a subjective study of how five writers and six psychotherapists experienced one three-hour session of Inner Vision techniques, which I developed to stimulate creative thinking and inner focusing by enhancing right hemisphere activity. During the session, all of the psychotherapists and all but one of the writers reported that these mental imagery exercises produced a significant increase in the flow of creative ideas and enabled them to gain insights into important personal issues. One writer experienced resistance; two psychotherapists reported feelings of solace; two writers and two psychotherapists indicated that they have gained new perspectives on professional issues--one writer solved a major problem regarding the central character in his book; six psychotherapists and three writers gained new perceptions on important personal issues; five psychotherapists and four writers reported feelings of intense joy, even liberation, during the session. All eleven participants indicated that they had experienced vivid and imaginative imagery. The constructive use of imagination is essential for creative work and mental health. Writers who have the skill to program their imaginations to gain creative insights at times of their own choosing obviously will be more productive than writers who sit around waiting for the benevolent muse. Psychotherapists who use Inner Vision techniques in their own lives find that it is a valuable tool for interior focusing; those who use it with their patients have reported that this is a practical, effective technique for helping patients attain greater psychologic integration. An important way in which this program differs from other imagery techniques is that the vivid imagery of the right-hemisphere work is followed by left-brain analysis and evaluation. The ultimate goal is the transformational intercallosal process of symbollexia--the "magic synthesis" of right-brain and left-brain specialization for an enhanced ability to live and work creatively. PMID- 3226967 TI - Creativity and the homospatial process. Experimental studies. AB - Through empirical studies involving intensive and extensive interviewing of outstanding creative persons in literature, visual art, and science, a specific creative cognitive operation involving complex mental imagery was identified. This operation has been designated the "homospatial process" and defined as actively conceiving two or more discrete entities occupying the same space, a conception leading to the articulation of new identities. Four experimental assessments involving exposure to stimuli designed to evoke the homospatial process have been carried out with groups of talented persons as follows: (1) 43 writers produced short poetic metaphors in response to 10 different pairs of slide stimuli. Subjects were randomly assigned to view the pairs either superimposed upon one another, and thereby appearing to occupy the same spatial location, or separated and side by side on the screen as a control condition. (2) 46 writers were similarly divided and exposed for a shortened period of time to the same stimuli in order to encourage mental elaboration in the creation of poetic metaphors. (3) Drawings were created by 43 artists separated into a group exposed to three superimposed images and a control group exposed to the same component images side by side. (4) 39 artists were separated into a group exposed to three superimposed images and a control group exposed to the same images constructed into a single-image figure-ground display. Findings were that, in all four experiments, subjects' productions in response to the superimposed visual stimuli were rated significantly higher in creativity, by independent experts, than productions in response to the control condition. Therefore, the externalized representations of the homospatial process facilitated both literary and artistic creativity. PMID- 3226968 TI - Positive emotions and the right parietal cortex. AB - The achievement of a state of solace is a developmental necessity to the unfolding of the capacity for positive emotions. In addition, solace is a significant subjective component of noninstinctual feelings such as love, joy, gratitude, and rapture. Pure solace is experienced primarily in relation to the sense of self, whereas the solace derivatives connect, in varying degrees, with objects external to the self. Psychiatrists see many patients who are unsolaceable and who, because of this, cannot experience sustained positive emotion of any kind. Those diagnosed as personality, conduct, and behaviorally disordered, as well as those with alexithymia, are particularly likely to exhibit a basic unsolaceability. The psychiatrist should also be alert to a deficiency of positive emotion in those with attention deficit disorder and the so-called learning disability syndrome. The coexistence of unsolaceability with features of right parietal cortex dysfunction suggests a directionality of positive emotional experience and parietal neocortical activity. The tertiary zones of the right parietal cortex appear to be the structural system most likely to subserve complex positive affects. PMID- 3226969 TI - [Status asthmaticus]. PMID- 3226970 TI - [Functional status of the respiratory system in patients with short- and long term remission of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3226971 TI - [Partial oxygen pressure in arterialized capillary blood of the skin in allergic bronchial spasm]. PMID- 3226972 TI - [Clinical picture and BALF changes in patients with bird fancier's lung after allergen provocation]. PMID- 3226973 TI - [Diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in various diseases of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 3226975 TI - [Adverse effect of the long-term use of triamcinolone acetonide in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3226974 TI - [Effect of intravenous aminophylline on bronchial spasm caused by grass allergen in patients with pollen-induced asthma]. PMID- 3226976 TI - [Clinical status and adrenal cortex function in patients treated with budesonide]. PMID- 3226977 TI - [Value of histopathologic examination in the diagnosis of neoplasm metastases to the bone marrow]. PMID- 3226978 TI - [Diagnostic discrepancies in cases of malignant neoplasms detected on the basis of the analysis of autopsy specimens at the Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Academy, in Bialystok 1975-1984]. PMID- 3226979 TI - [Serum ferritin level in patients with breast cancer]. PMID- 3226980 TI - [Serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels in patients with cervical cancer treated by brachytherapy]. PMID- 3226981 TI - [Malignant neoplasms of unknown primary site with metastases to the bone marrow]. PMID- 3226982 TI - [Diagnostic problems in latent forms of cancer of the prostate]. PMID- 3226984 TI - Spinal techniques. PMID- 3226983 TI - [Malignant lymphoma of the testis]. PMID- 3226985 TI - Zielke instrumentation. AB - Zielke modified Dwyer's anterior spinal instrumentation to produce the Ventral Derotational Spondylodesis (VDS) System. The primary indication for VDS instrumentation is the treatment of progressive, single, major lumbar or thoracolumbar curves in idiopathic scoliosis. The surgical technique, including selection of appropriate curvatures and levels of instrumentation, is described. A group of 25 consecutive patients undergoing VDS instrumentation for lumbar or thoracolumbar curvatures was reviewed. The average correction of the major curve was 76%. The minor curvature was corrected with an average of 47%. A significant complication was a 20% incidence of pseudarthrosis and rod breakage. The implications of these problems are discussed. Zielke instrumentation is a powerful technique for the correction of selected curves. The system provides greater correction of the major curve, improved frontal and sagittal alignment, and preservation of distal motion segments. PMID- 3226986 TI - Subclavian vein thrombosis following fracture of the clavicle: a case report. PMID- 3226988 TI - Translaminar facet joint screws. PMID- 3226987 TI - Anterior Kostuik-Harrington distraction systems. PMID- 3226989 TI - Spinous process segmental spinal instrumentation. PMID- 3226990 TI - Development of the locking hook spinal rod system. PMID- 3226991 TI - Low lumbar burst fractures. Reduction and stabilization using the modular spine fixation system. PMID- 3226992 TI - Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. AB - Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation (CDI) presents a diversified posterior implant system applicable in any situation requiring posterior spinal instrumentation. It acts in the three dimensions of the spine, frontal-sagittal-axial. Correct hook site selection and direction provide spinal balance in three dimensions. The double major idiopathic scoliosis is an appropriate model on which to learn the principles of usage of CDI Results of CDI in a wide variety of spinal pathology have been excellent. There is a learning curve for CDI, hook placement being the most significant. Pitfalls and complications can be avoided. PMID- 3226994 TI - The Wiltse pedicle screw fixation system. AB - This article illustrates the application of the Wiltse pedicle screw fixation system and the general principles of pedicle screw insertion. The system is designed for stabilization of the lumbosacral spine. Indications complications, and personal results are reviewed. PMID- 3226993 TI - A new semirigid method for interpedicular fixation of the spine. AB - A new, semirigid method for interpedicular fixation of the spine is described. The system has safety factors, flexibility, and other advantages over some systems now in use. Details in technique are given. Eighty cases have been followed for an average of 18 months. Results of the series are presented, and indications and contraindications for use of this system in spinal surgery are outlined. PMID- 3226995 TI - Internal spinal skeletal fixation system. PMID- 3226996 TI - Thoracolumbar needle biopsy. AB - Utilizing radiologic C-arm control, percutaneous needle biopsy of the spine may be performed safely at the T11 through L5 levels. Its main advantage is the avoidance of performing an open surgical biopsy; however, it is an exacting technique and, even when done properly, the procedure may result in nondiagnostic tissue. PMID- 3226997 TI - Percutaneous diskectomy. PMID- 3226998 TI - Answer please. Diastrophic dwarfism. PMID- 3226999 TI - Histologic analysis of placental tissue in first trimester abortions. AB - The value of histologic evaluation in the analysis of material from first trimester abortions is not completely defined. We prospectively analyzed placenta and decidua from 75 first trimester, spontaneous abortions to ascertain if morphologic features were predictive of karyotype. The histologic features analyzed included hydropic villus change, villus fibrosis, villus scalloping with trophoblastic invaginations, atypical stromal cells, aggregates of lymphocytes in placenta or decidua, and acute inflammation of placenta or decidua. Normal karyotypes were observed in 44 cases and abnormal karyotypes were demonstrated in 31. The presence of villus scalloping with trophoblastic invagination was significantly associated with abnormal karyotypes, particularly triploidy, and the demonstration of acute inflammation was seen significantly more often in cases with normal karyotypes. We conclude that histology can provide only a suggestion as to the likelihood of an abnormal karyotype; the findings are not specific enough to obviate the need for karyotyping in the individual case. PMID- 3227000 TI - Pulmonary hypoplasia in neonatal hypophosphatasia. AB - Morphological, biophysical, and biochemical parameters of lung growth were studied at autopsy on a male infant with hypophosphatasia who died with asphyxia immediately after birth. The lungs were hypoplastic because of a marked decrease in airspace formation but lung maturation was normal for gestational age by all the parameters used. Diaphragmatic development, assessed by weight and fiber measurement, was in keeping with the decreased chest size. The proposed mechanism for this late onset type of pulmonary hypoplasia, attributed to decreased thoracic volume, is correlated with antenatal ultrasonographic observations of normal fetal breathing movements in the affected infant. PMID- 3227002 TI - Organ weight standards for human fetuses. AB - Five hundred fifty-eight fresh human embryos and fetuses were obtained from the universities of Washington and Michigan following spontaneous loss, elective termination, or neonatal death within 2 days of delivery. The body weights ranged from 1.5 to 1500 g. Each of these autopsied specimens was morphologically normal. Specimens from diabetic or hypertensive mothers were not included. Correlations between fetal body weight and weights of adrenal, brain, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, and thymus were established. For analysis, regression curves were calculated as quadratic equations of best fit by the weighted least squares. The relation of the weights of brain, heart, and liver to body weight appeared linear. The ratios of thymus, spleen, and kidney to body weight were nonlinear and gradually increased. The ratios of lung and adrenal weights to body weight were also nonlinear and gradually decreased. Ninety-five percent prediction intervals were generated for each of the eight organs using a computerized statistical package. The results compare closely with smaller studies in the literature. PMID- 3227001 TI - Correlation of placental erythrocyte morphology and gestational age. AB - A series of uncomplicated pregnancies presenting during the first trimester for elective termination was assigned a gestational age using accepted ultrasonographic nomograms. Following termination by suction curettage, the proportion of nucleated erythrocytes (NRBC) and anucleated erythrocytes (RBC) present in the placental circulation was estimated from hematoxylin and eosin stained slides of the chorion frondosum using a 10 point scale. The score correlated tightly with sonographically assigned gestational age assessment between 15 and 45 cm crown-rump length (CRL) (48 and 83 days of gestation). These findings suggest the following: (1) the maturation of RBCs follows a course that is tightly correlated with gestational age; (2) an assessment of RBC morphology and, thus, an estimate of gestational age can be provided using routine histopathologic techniques and study of the placenta only; (3) this method may prove to be particularly useful in cases of unexplained spontaneous losses as a means of investigation when cessation of fetal development occurred. PMID- 3227003 TI - Necrotizing tracheobronchitis following high-frequency ventilation: effect of lung deflation. AB - A piglet model of acute respiratory failure was used to determine whether necrotizing tracheobronchitis (NTB) reported during high-frequency pneumatic flow interrupter (HFFI) ventilation could be minimized by a different ventilatory strategy. Twenty-one piglets (mean age 3.8 days, average weight 1.4 kg) were anesthetized with ketamine and given Pavulon prior to saline lung lavage. Femoral vessels were cannulated for measurements of blood pressures, arterial blood gases (ABG), and fluid administration. Airway pressures were measured 5 mm above the endotracheal tube tip. To allow for lung deflation, HFFI (10 Hz) was programmed to pause for 1 sec either 5 (HFFI5) or 12 times per min (HFFI12). Seven animals were assigned to each of the treatment groups and to a conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) control. All animals were kept on 1.0 FIO2 with ventilators adjusted to maintain ABG (pO2 = 50-100 mmHg and pCO2 = 30-40 mmHg). After 6 h of ventilation, the animals were sacrificed and their lungs inflated with formalin to 40 cm H2O. Sections were obtained from trachea, carina, mainstem, and hilar bronchi. An airway injury score (AIS) was calculated after "blinded" microscopic evaluation. There was no difference in total AIS between CMV (2.4) and HFFI12 (8.6) but a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05) existed between CMV and HFFI5 (14.1). NTB was limited to the trachea during HFFI12 but extended down to the hilar bronchi during HFFI5. More frequent lung deflations reduce the severity and distribution of NTB during HFFI ventilation. PMID- 3227004 TI - Heterotopic liver in an adrenal gland. AB - We report a case of heterotopic liver located in the right adrenal gland and connected to the liver through a vascular membranous pedicle. Features of chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis were present in the heterotopic site, mirroring the abnormal histopathology in the liver. PMID- 3227006 TI - Proliferative myositis in an infant: report of a case with electron microscopic observations. AB - Proliferative myositis presented in a 7-month-old female infant as a poorly circumscribed mass growing rapidly within the interscapular skeletal muscle. Muscle fascicles and individual fibers were dissected by an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes immersed in a basophilic intercellular substance. Numerous ganglionlike giant cells were present and had ultrastructural features suggestive of histiocytic origin. The possible relation to other rapidly growing lesions that appear in soft tissues is discussed. This probably represents the first reported case of proliferative myositis in a pediatric patient. PMID- 3227005 TI - Jeune syndrome associated with pancreatic fibrosis. AB - Jeune syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by skeletal abnormalities of the thorax and extremities, is associated with respiratory distress in infancy, hepatic fibrosis in some instances, and renal failure that may develop later. We report here one additional feature, pancreatic fibrosis. The association of pancreatic fibrosis with Jeune syndrome has been previously described, but it has not been appreciated as a stable and important manifestation of this disorder. PMID- 3227007 TI - Measles pneumonia in a newborn. AB - We report a 21-day-old preterm infant who had severe respiratory distress of 6 days' duration and whose lungs revealed a giant cell pneumonia at necropsy. Measles antigen was demonstrated in mononuclear and multinucleated epithelial cells of the lung by immunoperoxidase staining. We recommend the immunostaining procedure to differentiate measles from other viruses, such as parainfluenza 2 or 3, and respiratory syncytial virus, all of which may produce giant cell pneumonias. PMID- 3227008 TI - Pancreatic cystadenoma in an infant: ultrastructural study. AB - A 10 x 6 x 4 cm multicystic cystadenoma arose in the pancreas of a 4-month-old male. Microscopically, the cysts were lined by short columnar or cuboidal cells that contained neither mucin nor glycogen. The lining cells had occasional nucleoli, contained electron dense vacuoles and apical aggregates of filaments, and were associated with a basal lamina. This is the youngest patient reported as having pancreatic cystadenoma, and the ultrastructure of the neoplasm was different from the 6 previously studied adult cases, suggesting that infantile and adult cystadenomas are different in nature. PMID- 3227009 TI - Necrotizing tracheobronchitis in intubated newborns. PMID- 3227010 TI - Alcohol and psychoactive drug use during pregnancy. PMID- 3227011 TI - [Anxiety before an operation in children and their mothers]. PMID- 3227012 TI - [Systemic therapy in a public institution--contextual experiences]. PMID- 3227013 TI - Comparison of the dynamics of the membrane-bound form of fd coat protein in micelles and in bilayers by solution and solid-state nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Solid-state and solution 15N nuclear magnetic resonance experiments on uniformly and specifically 15N labeled coat protein in phospholipid bilayers and in detergent micelles are used to describe the dynamics of the membrane-bound form of the protein. The residues in the N- and C-terminal portions of the coat protein in both phospholipid bilayers and in detergent micelles are mobile, while those in the hydrophobic midsection are immobile. There is evidence for a gradient of mobility in the C-terminal region of the coat protein in micelles; at 25 degrees C only the last two residues are mobile on the 10(9)-Hz timescale, while the last six to eight residues appear to be mobile on slower timescales and highly mobile at higher temperatures. Since all of the C-terminal residues are immobile in the virus particles, the mobility of these residues in the membrane bound form of the protein may be important for the formation of protein-DNA interactions in the assembly process. PMID- 3227014 TI - Surface interactions of gamma-crystallins in the crystal medium in relation to their association in the eye lens. AB - A comparative study of intermolecular interactions in crystals of two homologous low molecular weight proteins, gamma-II and gamma-IIIb crystallins, from calf eye lens was carried out. Crystal packings for these proteins are very different: intermolecular contact areas compose about 33% of the total accessible surface area of gamma-II as compared with 13% in gamma-III. Two key residues seem to be mainly responsible for the differences in protein association in the crystal medium. These are Ser 103 and Leu 155 in gamma-II, which are replaced by Met 103 and His 155 in gamma-IIb. A similar substitution of these residues is observed in different gene products of gamma-crystallins from a number of vertebrates. This is consistent with the existence of a genetically controlled mechanism for determining intermolecular association of gamma-crystallins in the native medium of the lens. PMID- 3227015 TI - Polar hydrogen positions in proteins: empirical energy placement and neutron diffraction comparison. AB - A method for the prediction of hydrogen positions in proteins is presented. The method is based on the knowledge of the heavy atom positions obtained, for instance, from X-ray crystallography. It employs an energy minimization limited to the environment of the hydrogen atoms bound to a common heavy atom or to a single water molecule. The method is not restricted to proteins and can be applied without modification to nonpolar hydrogens and to nucleic acids. The method has been applied to the neutron diffraction structures of trypsin, ribonuclease A, and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. A comparison of the constructed and the observed hydrogen positions shows few deviations except in situations in which several energetically similar conformations are possible. Analysis of the potential energy of rotation of Lys amino and Ser, Thr, Tyr hydroxyl groups reveals that the conformations of lowest intrinsic torsion energies are statistically favored in both the crystal and the constructed structures. PMID- 3227016 TI - Crystallographic structure analysis of lamprey hemoglobin from anomalous dispersion of synchrotron radiation. AB - The molecular structure of lamprey hemoglobin was previously determined and refined by conventional crystallographic analysis. In this study, the structural analysis has been repeated in the course of developing the method of multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) for phase determination. New experimental and analytical procedures that were devised to perform this determination should have general applicability. These include an experimental design to optimize signal strength and reduce systematic errors, experimental evaluation of anomalous scattering factors, and a least-squares procedure for analyzing the MAD data. MAD phases for the structure at 3 A resolution are as accurate overall as the multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR) phases determined previously. PMID- 3227017 TI - Conformation of alamethicin in phospholipid vesicles: implications for insertion models. AB - The secondary structure of alamethicin, a membrane channel-forming polypeptide, has been examined by circular dichroism spectroscopy to determine the relationship of its conformation in organic solution to its conformation in a membrane-bound state. The spectrum of alamethicin in small unilamellar dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles is significantly different from its spectrum in 10% methanol/acetonitrile, the solvent from which it was crystallized (Fox and Richards: Nature 300:325-330, 1982), as well as its spectrum in methanol, the solvent in which NMR studies have been done (Banerjee and Chan: Biochemistry 22:3709-3713, 1983). This suggests that structural models based on studies of the molecule in organic solvents may not be entirely appropriate for the membrane-bound state. To distinguish between different models for channel formation and insertion, two different methods were used to associate the alamethicin with vesicles; in addition, the effect of oligomerization on the conformation of the membrane-bound state was investigated. These studies are consistent with a modified insertion model in which alamethicin monomers, dimers, or trimers associate with the bilayer and then spontaneously oligomerize to form a prechannel with a higher helix content. This aggregate could then "open" upon application of an appropriate gating transmembrane potential. PMID- 3227018 TI - Oligopeptide biases in protein sequences and their use in predicting protein coding regions in nucleotide sequences. AB - We have examined oligopeptides with lengths ranging from 2 to 11 residues in protein sequences that show no obvious evolutionary relationship. All sequences in the Protein Identification Resource database were carefully classified by sensitive homology searches into superfamilies to obtain unbiased oligopeptide counts. The results, contrary to previous studies, show clear prejudices in protein sequences. The oligopeptide preferences were used to help decide the significance of sequence homologies and to improve the more general methods for detecting protein coding regions within nucleotide sequences. PMID- 3227019 TI - Dip-slide scores of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli of Finnish mothers in the Turku area, Finland, during the first nursing year. PMID- 3227020 TI - Factors related to dental health and some salivary factors in Finnish Seventh-Day Adventists. PMID- 3227021 TI - Postoperative complication rate of oral surgery outpatients: a study of cases treated during 1983-1984. PMID- 3227022 TI - Circle method analysis--a roentgen-cephalometric aid to orthodontic diagnosis. PMID- 3227023 TI - Taste thresholds in the elderly. PMID- 3227024 TI - Gingival hyperplasia caused by nifedipine. PMID- 3227025 TI - Dental services in municipal old people's homes in Finland in 1979 and 1986. PMID- 3227026 TI - Effects of sublethal doses of ionizing radiation on schedule-controlled performance in rats. AB - Male rats responded under a fixed-ratio (FR) 50 or a fixed-interval (FI) 120 sec schedule of milk delivery. Separate groups were acutely exposed to 0.5, 1.5, 4.5 or 0 (FI only) Gray (Gy) of cobalt-60 gamma radiation 3 times at 43-day intervals. All rats received an acute dose of 6.5 Gy 64 days after the last of these exposures. One-half and 1.5 Gy did not alter FR or FI performance significantly. After 4.5 Gy, no observable changes in performance occurred within 1 hr of exposure. Maximal reductions in FR response rates occurred 24 hr after exposure and recovery followed over the subsequent 72 hr. Postreinforcement pause was increased and running response rate was decreased by 4.5 Gy. Similar effects were found after each 4.5 Gy exposure. In contrast, FI performance (overall response rate, postreinforcement pause, running response rate, index of curvature) was not altered reliably by 4.5 Gy. Both FR and FI response rates were reduced by 6.5 Gy beginning 24 hr after exposure; FR rates tended to be reduced more than FI rates 24-72 hr after exposure. Response rates under both schedules recovered gradually over 7 weeks. The behavioral effects of 6.5 Gy did not vary as a function of irradiation history. In contrast, irradiation history affected survival in that 4/9 rats previously exposed to 4.5 Gy died during weeks 4-5 after 6.5 Gy, whereas there were no deaths in the rats previously exposed to lower doses. Radiogenic disruption of operant performance was dose-related, reversible, noncumulative and dependent on the schedule of reinforcement. PMID- 3227027 TI - Opioids and sexual behavior in the male rat. AB - Naloxone in the doses of 4 or 16 mg/kg failed to affect copulatory behavior of testosterone-treated castrated male rats. Morphine 10 mg/kg, administered 60 min before behavioral observation, reduced the proportion of animals displaying sexual behavior. Doses of 2.5 or 5 mg/kg reduced the latency to the second ejaculation, whereas the few animals still copulating after morphine 10 mg/kg showed a reduced latency to the first ejaculation. The same doses of morphine administered 5 min before behavioral observation produced a dose-dependent reduction of mount, intromission and ejaculation percentages. However, those animals that did copulate showed a normal copulatory behavior. D-Ala2-Met5 enkephalinamide (DALA) infused into the left cerebral ventricle in a dose of 5 micrograms 5 or 60 min before tests had no effect. When the peptide was infused 30 sec after the first intromission, the number of intromissions as well as the latency to ejaculation were reduced. Opioids may facilitate ejaculatory mechanisms, perhaps as a consequence of their rewarding properties. Moreover, in animals treated with DALA after the first intromission, the number of intromissions and the latency to ejaculation were similar for the first and second copulatory series, while these parameters were much reduced upon the second ejaculation for control animals. It is possible that liberation of endogenous opioids is the cause of ejaculation-induced facilitation of subsequent sexual behavior. PMID- 3227028 TI - Interaction between phencyclidine and its pyrolysis product, 1-phenylcyclohexene. AB - The interaction between phencyclidine (PCP) and its pyrolysis product, 1 phenylcyclohexene (PC), at metabolic level was evaluated in Swiss male mice (21 24 g). PC (1.1, 2.2 and 4.4 mmol/kg/day for 4 days, IP, in corn oil) treatment to mice induced the in vitro metabolism (p less than 0.05) of amidopyrine (17%), aniline (12%), phenacetin (62-100%), pentobarbital (20-26%), PCP (25-80%) and benzo[a]pyrene (81-147%) in the 9000 g liver fraction and the hepatic microsomal contents of cytochrome P-450 (18-42%). The induction of the mixed function oxygenase (MFO) system was consistent with the decreases in the concentrations of IP administered pentobarbital (0.27 mmol/kg, in saline) and PCP (16.4, 32.8 and 65.6 mumol/kg, in saline) in the serum, brain, liver and kidneys of PC pretreated mice. At 1 hr after the above doses of PC, the in vitro metabolism of amidopyrine, aniline, or phenacetin was not inhibited. However, the biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene was inhibited by 33 to 45%. Though PC after a single dose did not alter the tissue concentrations of PCP, it increased the pentobarbital concentrations in the tissues studied (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that PC has a potential to induce the MFO system after the 4-day treatment. This property of PC plays an important role in the reduction of the action of PCP by enhancing its metabolism, thereby decreasing its tissue levels. PMID- 3227029 TI - Genetic differences in plasma corticosterone levels in response to nicotine injection. AB - Changes in plasma corticosterone (CCS) levels following intraperitoneal injections of nicotine were measured in four inbred mouse strains: DBA/2Ibg, C57BL/6Ibg, C3H/2Ibg, and A/J. In all four strains, nicotine produced a dose dependent (0.5-2.0 mg/kg nicotine) increase in plasma CCS levels which peaked 10 30 min after injection. Saline increased plasma CCS levels in C57BL, A, and C3H, but not in DBA mice. After correcting for plasma CCS levels produced by saline injection, the nicotine-induced rise in plasma CCS was significantly lower for the C57BL strain than for the other three strains tested. These mouse strains also varied in their responses to saline injection with the rank order: C57BL greater than A = C3H greater than DBA. However, the two most divergent strains (C57BL and DBA) did not differ in the effects of a cold water stress. The response to nicotine was completely inhibited by mecamylamine in two strains tested (C3H and C57BL) whereas the response to saline injection was unaffected, suggesting that only the response to nicotine was mediated by nicotinic receptors. It is clear that elevations in plasma CCS induced either by saline injection or by nicotine are influenced by genetic factors. PMID- 3227030 TI - Influence of genotype on nicotine-induced increases of plasma corticosterone in mice as a result of acute nicotine pretreatment. AB - Acute exposure to nicotine produces an elevation of plasma corticosterone levels in rodents. The consequences of repeated exposure to nicotine administered intraperitoneally (IP) were examined in three inbred strains of mice, DBA/2Ibg, C3H/2Ibg and A/J. These strains of mice have been shown previously to differ in a variety of behavioral and physiological responses to acute nicotine exposure. Mice were administered saline or 1.00 mg/kg nicotine IP, followed 30 min later by a range of nicotine doses (0.25-1.00 mg/kg). Strain differences were observed for the dose-response to the second injection; however, no effect of acute nicotine pretreatment was demonstrated. The observed lack of desensitization was consistent across genotype. An intragastric administration of a pretreatment dose of nicotine (4.00 mg/kg) also failed to produce desensitization to a subsequent IP nicotine injection in any strain. Increasing the time interval between injections to 45 min did not alter the CCS response. However, at 90 min between injections, a supersensitive CCS response was measured in all strains. PMID- 3227031 TI - A comparison of buspirone and chlordiazepoxide in the shock-probe/burying test for anxiolytics. AB - The effects of chlordiazepoxide (2.5-10.0 mg/kg IP) and buspirone (0.05-1.0 mg/kg SC) were compared by a "blind" observer using the shock-probe/burying test for anxiolytics. Both anxiolytic agents decreased rats' burying behavior toward the continuously electrified (2 mA) shock probe, and increased the number of probe shocks rats received. These bidirectional, anxiolytic drug effects occurred at doses that did not affect the rats' general activity, and these anxiolytic effects generally increased as a function of drug dose. The relative potency of buspirone was substantially greater than that of chlordiazepoxide. These results contrast with those of Craft et al. and suggest that inappropriate methodology may have contributed to the inconsistencies in various results. In any case, under the present parameters, this "repeated shock"-probe test appears to have two advantages over the previous, "single shock" procedure. First, increases in probe-shocks and decreases in probe-burying provide two, concurrent measures of anxiolytic drug effects in the same setting. Second, nearly all subjects receive shock in the repeated shock procedure, compared to only 60-80% of subjects in the single shock procedure. Thus, both in terms of behavioral validity and simple economy, the repeated shock-probe procedure warrants further investigation as a selective test of anxiolytic agents. PMID- 3227032 TI - Potentiation of morphine-elicited circling by dopaminergic uptake blockade. AB - Contraversive circling induced by unilateral infusions of morphine (7.5 nanomoles or 5 micrograms) into the ventral tegmental area was studied under conditions of dopamine uptake inhibition. Dopamine uptake blockade with either nomifensine (2.5 mg/kg) or GBR 13069 (2.0 mg/kg) resulted in a 3-fold increase in the rate of circling. Naloxone (1.5 mg/kg) attenuated but did not completely block the potentiated circling. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that morphine causes contraversive circling through local activation or disinhibition of dopaminergic cell firing. PMID- 3227033 TI - Alleviation of scopolamine amnesia by different retrieval enhancing treatments. AB - Mice were trained in a one-way active avoidance task to a criterion of 9/10 avoidances. Immediately following training they were injected with scopolamine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg SC) or with saline. Retention was assessed 3 days after training by 5 test trials on which the UCS was not present. Thirty min prior to the test, groups were injected with different doses of arecoline, d-amphetamine sulphate or with saline. Other scopolamine-treated mice were exposed to the CS or the UCS 24 hr prior to the test. The scopolamine-induced amnesia was attenuated by both 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg arecoline and by 2.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine. Retention was also improved by exposure to the CS and the UCS. These data show that scopolamine amnesia can be alleviated by treatments which activate retrieval processes. PMID- 3227034 TI - Behavioral effects of acute and chronic administration of caffeine in the rat. AB - This study investigated the effects of acute and chronic caffeine treatment on behavior in the social interaction, holeboard and home-cage aggression tests and on proconvulsant actions with pentylenetetrazol. Acutely-treated rats received an IP injection of caffeine (20 or 40 mg/kg). Chronically-treated rats received caffeine in their drinking water for 21 days (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) followed by an injection of caffeine on the test day (20 or 40 mg/kg respectively). Acutely, the higher dose of caffeine (40 mg/kg) decreased levels of social interaction. In the holeboard test, 20 mg/kg of acute caffeine increased motor activity whilst 40 mg/kg reduced head-dipping behavior. In the home-cage aggression test, acute caffeine (40 mg/kg) reduced offensive aggressive behaviors. After chronic treatment with caffeine none of these behaviors differed significantly from controls. After both acute and chronic treatment, caffeine (20 and 40 mg/kg) was proconvulsant with pentylenetetrazol. PMID- 3227035 TI - Disruption of latent inhibition by acute administration of low doses of amphetamine. AB - In the latent inhibition (LI) paradigm, nonreinforced preexposure to a stimulus retards subsequent conditioning to that stimulus. Three experiments investigated the effects of acute amphetamine administration on LI in rats. Experiments 1 and 3 used a conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure and Experiment 2 used two way active avoidance procedure. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that, in both the CER and avoidance procedures, 1.5 mg/kg dl-amphetamine administered either in the preexposure or the conditioning stage alone did not disrupt LI. In contrast, amphetamine administered in both of the stages abolished LI. Experiment 3 showed that the abolition of LI was obtained when the preexposure and conditioning were given 24 hr apart but not when the two stages were given in one session. PMID- 3227036 TI - Comparison of four-drug discriminations in training compartments with four identical levers versus four different responses manipulanda. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate between four dissimilar drugs (phenobarbital, nicotine, fentanyl, and methylphenidate) in compartments which contained either four identical levers or four dissimilar response manipulanda. During successive training sessions, the drug condition was cycled through the four training conditions. The objective was to compare speed of acquisition and asymptotic accuracy of discriminative control in the following types of compartments: (1) Undecorated compartments with four identical levers; (2) Compartments with four dissimilar response manipulanda (lever, wheel, nosepoke, panel); (3) Four-lever compartments with a unique sensory environment surrounding each lever; (4) Compartments with four dissimilar manipulanda, each surrounded by a unique sensory environment. The required four-drug discrimination were learned in all training compartments. Independent variables that produced statistically significant effects on speed of acquisition and/or asymptotic accuracy included drug, dosage, use/nonuse of four dissimilar response manipulanda, and presence/absence of environmental decorations around each manipulandum. Although the use of four different response manipulanda and/or the use of distinctive decorations surrounding each of the four manipulanda did increase speed of acquisition, these manipulations also resulted in biases towards/against particular individual environments or manipulanda during the acquisition phase of the experiment. Such biases can complicate the interpretation of results of conventional drug discrimination studies, especially if they persist into the asymptotic accuracy phase, which was not observed in the present study. PMID- 3227037 TI - Different effects of short- and long-term treatment with imipramine on the apomorphine- and food-induced place preference conditioning in rats. AB - The effect of imipramine (IMI) on the rewarding properties of pharmacological and natural reinforcers was studied with a place preference paradigm. The pairing of distinctive environmental stimuli with either injection of different doses of apomorphine (APO) or presentation of food to hungry rats resulted in a conditioned preference for those stimuli. The development of APO- and food induced place preference was prevented by short-term administration of IMI. In contrast, long-term pretreatment with IMI significantly potentiated the APO- and food-induced conditioned effect. In separate experiments aversive properties of IMI by itself were also found, as the conditioned avoidance response to the environmental stimuli paired with administration of single doses of IMI was demonstrated. The results indicate an enhancing effect of the long-term IMI administration on the dopamine-mediated reward functions and the rewarding value of natural reinforcers. PMID- 3227038 TI - Decreased serum cotinine levels in smokers of both tobacco and marijuana as compared with smokers of tobacco only. AB - Serum and salivary cotinine levels were determined in tobacco smokers (n = 125) who smoked only tobacco (n = 47) or who smoked both marijuana and tobacco (n = 78) as part of a field study of the pulmonary effects of heavy, habitual use of marijuana alone or with tobacco. After adjustment for current daily amount of tobacco use and time since the last tobacco cigarette was smoked, the smokers of both marijuana and tobacco were found to have lower levels of cotinine than those who smoked only tobacco, in serum [258 +/- 113 ng/ml (S.D.) and 332 +/- 109, respectively; p = 0.003] and in saliva (331 +/- 170 and 395 +/- 170, respectively; p = 0.058). Serum cotinine showed a significantly negative relationship to the daily amount of marijuana currently smoked (p = 0.026). Possible explanations include inhibition by marijuana component(s) of the enzymes that participate in the conversion of nicotine to cotinine, differences in nicotine absorption patterns between the two groups of tobacco smokers, and acceleration of cotinine metabolism by marijuana smoking. Carefully controlled pharmacokinetic studies, not possible in a large-scale survey such as this one, are required both to confirm the differences in blood cotinine levels observed between the dual smokers and smokers of tobacco only and to define more clearly nicotine-marijuana interactions. PMID- 3227039 TI - Opposite effects of restraint on morphine analgesia and naloxone-induced jumping. AB - It has been demonstrated that the effects of exogenous opiates like morphine could be modified by exposure of an organism to stress, but it is uncertain whether this modification is due to the action of endogenous opioid peptides released by stressful stimuli. The stress of restraint produced an antinociceptive response in mice measured by a latency to escape from a hot plate and, in addition, markedly potentiated analgesia induced by low doses of morphine. Both effects were antagonized by naloxone in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, restraint reduced the naloxone-precipitated jumping after single morphine injection. Morphine analgesia and a jumping response were not correlated when tested in two different strains of mice. It is suggested that the enhancement of morphine analgesia by restraint and the reduction in naloxone induced jumping are mediated via independent mechanisms. PMID- 3227040 TI - Sulpiride injections in the lateral hypothalamus induce feeding and drinking in rats. AB - Amphetamine injections into the lateral hypothalamus inhibit feeding. This effect is blocked by local administration of neuroleptics, suggesting a role for dopamine in feeding inhibition. However, the type of dopamine receptor involved in satiety is not known. Therefore, we tested the effect of intrahypothalamic injections of sulpiride, a specific D2 receptor blocker, on amphetamine anorexia in food-deprived rats, and on spontaneous feeding and drinking in satiated rats. Sulpiride attenuated by 36% the anorexia produced by intrahypothalamic injections of amphetamine. In satiated rats, sulpiride (8 micrograms/0.5 microliter) elicited feeding (mean food intake after sulpiride: 5.4 g, and after vehicle 1.6 g, p less than 0.001), and drinking (mean water intake after sulpiride: 12.3 ml, and after vehicle: 0.9 ml, p less than 0.001). A dose response relationship was found between sulpiride dose and feeding or drinking. Sulpiride-induced drinking was observed in the absence of food, showing that it is not a postprandial phenomenon. These results suggest that hypothalamic D2 receptors might be involved in feeding and drinking regulation. PMID- 3227041 TI - Scopolamine in rats impairs acquisition but not retention in a 14-unit T-maze. AB - To follow up a previous report noting that scopolamine impaired acquisition performance of young rats in a shock-motivated 14-unit T-maze, the present study assessed the effects of muscarinic antagonism on retention aspects of the same task. The broader objective was to further the investigation of possible defects in cholinergic neurotransmission that might underlie the age-related impairments previously observed in this task. Young (3-month) male F-344 rats were given preliminary training to criterion in one-way active avoidance in a straight runway. Then on the first day of complex maze training, each rat received 5 acquisition (AQ) trials followed by a second 10-trial retention (RET) session conducted the following day. Subjects were assigned to one of eight groups receiving an intraperitoneal injection of either scopolamine hydrochloride (1.0 mg/kg) or saline as follows: (a) 30 min prior to training on the first day (PRE AQ); (b) 30 min prior to training on both the first and second day (PRE-AQ-RET); (c) immediately after completing the trial on the first day (POST-AQ); (d) 30 min prior to testing on the second day (PRE-RET). Dependent measures included errors, alternation errors, run time, number of shocks, and total shock received. On the first day of maze training, all performance measures except for alternation errors were significantly higher for the two acquisition groups (PRE-AQ and PRE AQ-RET) compared to all other groups which did not differ significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227042 TI - Xenopus skin mucus induces oral dyskinesias that promote escape from snakes. AB - African clawed frogs fed to American water snakes induced yawning and gaping which slowed ingestion and facilitated the frogs' escape without inducing flavor aversion. The peptide and/or indolealkylamine contents of the frog's poison glands caused the effect because frogs with purged glands did not induce these behaviors and rarely escaped. Poison gland mucus, applied orally, elicited similar oral movements. The frog's clear lubricating mucus was inactive. As several compounds in the poison glands have known neuroleptic properties, the oral behaviors may be induced by neural mechanisms reported to govern neuroleptic induced orofacial dyskinesia in schizophrenics. PMID- 3227043 TI - The psychopharmacologic and prolactin response after large doses of naloxone in man. AB - Large doses of naloxone (150-300 mg), placebo, and morphine (15-30 mg) were given intramuscularly to human volunteers and compared using measures of subjective feeling states, physiological measures and discriminative features. Plasma prolactin responses after naloxone 210 mg and placebo were compared. The subjective measures and discriminative features of naloxone revealed that the drug is subtly psychoactive but the stimulus is vague and cannot be identified clearly as an opioid agonist or antagonist in nondependent opioid-using volunteers. The physiologic and prolactin responses closely resembled opiate agonist activity. We conclude that naloxone in this dose range may act as an opiate agonist in man. PMID- 3227044 TI - Differential tolerance development to buprenorphine-, diprenorphine-, and heroin induced disruption of food-maintained responding in macaque monkeys. AB - Single daily subcutaneous injections of buprenorphine (1.0 mg/kg), diprenorphine (1.0 mg/kg), or heroin (1.0 mg/kg) were given over 25 consecutive days to examine the degree and the rate of tolerance development to drug-induced suppression of food maintained responding. One gram food pellets were available on a second order schedule (FR 4 VR 16: S) during the 1-hr sessions three times a day. All drug and saline control injections were given at 10:00 a.m., 1 hr before a food session. During the first three days of treatment all three drugs produced marked suppression of food-maintained performance. Recovery from buprenorphine- and diprenorphine-induced suppression of food-maintained responding occurred within four and eight days, respectively. By the 25th day of buprenorphine and diprenorphine treatment, operant responding for food increased significantly above control levels (p less than 0.01). In contrast, the significant heroin induced disruption of food-maintained responding (p less than 0.01) persisted throughout the 25-day treatment period. Saline substitution for all three drugs resulted in a gradual return to control levels of food pellets earned. Linear regression analysis of the linear portion of the time-effect curve revealed significant differences in both the rate and the degree of tolerance development to these three drugs. These differences in tolerance development may reflect pharmacokinetic differences between the relatively short-acting heroin and the longer-acting diprenorphine and buprenorphine. PMID- 3227045 TI - Effect of heroin-conditioned auditory stimuli on cerebral functional activity in rats. AB - Cerebral functional activity was measured as changes in distribution of the free fatty acid [1-14C]octanoate in autoradiograms obtained from rats during brief presentation of a tone previously paired to infusions of heroin or saline. Rats were trained in groups of three consisting of one heroin self-administering animal and two animals receiving yoked infusions of heroin or saline. Behavioral experiments in separate groups of rats demonstrated that these training parameters imparts secondary reinforcing properties to the tone for animals self administering heroin while the tone remains behaviorally neutral in yoked infusion animals. The optical densities of thirty-seven brain regions were normalized to a relative index for comparisons between groups. Previous pairing of the tone to heroin infusions irrespective of behavior (yoked-heroin vs. yoked saline groups) produced functional activity changes in fifteen brain areas. In addition, nineteen regional differences in octanoate labeling density were evident when comparison was made between animals previously trained to self administer heroin to those receiving yoked-heroin infusions, while twelve differences were noted when comparisons were made between the yoked vehicle and self administration group. These functional activity changes are presumed related to the secondary reinforcing capacity of the tone acquired by association with heroin, and may identify neural substrates involved in auditory signalled conditioning of positive reinforcement to opiates. PMID- 3227046 TI - Vascular changes during calcium loading in experimental hypertension. PMID- 3227047 TI - Classification of angiotensin receptors in rat isolated uterus, portal vein, and aorta with the novel competitive antagonist sarmesin. AB - Blockade of in vitro contractile responses to angiotensins II and III by the reversible competitive angiotensin antagonist [Sar1, Tyr(Me)4]ANG II (sarmesin) was investigated in 3 rat smooth muscle tissues. The pA2 values for sarmesin were: rat uterus, 7.46 +/- 0.04 versus ANG II and 7.46 +/- 0.07 versus ANG III; rat aorta, 7.98 +/- 0.07 versus ANG II and 7.67 +/- 0.08 versus ANG III; rat portal vein, 7.75 +/- 0.05 versus ANG II and 7.41 +/- 0.08 versus ANG III. Statistical analysis revealed that the pA2 values in each tissue were not significantly different, suggesting that ANG II and ANG III interact with the same receptors in each tissue. This conclusion was supported by cross tachyphylaxis studies. Further statistical analysis revealed that pA2 values were not significantly different between tissues, suggesting that there are no readily discernible differences between angiotensin receptors in the 3 smooth muscle preparations investigated. PMID- 3227048 TI - Functional effects of imipramine on the rabbit urinary bladder: an in-vitro study. AB - Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been demonstrated to be useful in the treatment of certain voiding dysfunctions. Imipramine has a variety of pharmacological effects including direct antimuscarinic activity, inhibition of catecholamine reuptake, direct muscle relaxant, and calcium antagonism. Using the in-vitro whole bladder model we have studied the effect of imipramine on the rate and magnitude of both intravesical pressure generation and bladder emptying in response to field stimulation. The results can be summarized as follows: at concentrations as low as 1 mumol/l imipramine causes a significant inhibition of volume expulsion without significantly affecting pressure generation. Imipramine produced a dose-dependent inhibition of both pressure development and percent volume emptying; however, it was substantially more potent in inhibiting the ability of the bladder to empty than to generate pressure. PMID- 3227049 TI - Cell-catalyzed binding of 3H-(-)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene to cellular and exogenous DNA and the role of purified human liver epoxide hydrolase. AB - Cultured human monocytes, lymphocytes, Fischer rat liver (TRL-2) cells, and Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells catalyzed the conversion of 3H(-)-trans-7,8 dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene [3H(-)t-7,8-dihydrodiol BP] to r-7,t-8 dihydroxy-t-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (diol epoxide I) and r-7,t 7-8-dihydroxy-c-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (diol epoxide II; r-7 indicates that the substituent at the 7-position is the reference, and t and c indicate that the substituents trans and cis, respectively, to the reference substituent). These appear to be the most reactive metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and were covalently bound to both exogenous and intact cellular DNA in tissue culture media. The cells induced by benzanthracene (BA) exhibited greater levels of DNA binding than the controls and this binding was linear with increasing cell content in human monocytes, in TRL-2 cells and in Buffalo rat liver cells. The binding to DNA was greater than controls in BA-preinduced lymphocytes, but was not linear. The DNA binding in control cells showed a nonlinear increase with increasing cell concentration in all experiments. The addition of human liver epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) to the incubation medium reduced the amount of reactive metabolites binding to DNA by 12-15% in control and by 23-41% in BA-induced monocytes. Thus, with whole cell systems of either human monocytes or lymphocytes, the addition of purified human liver epoxide hydrolase reduced the binding of 3H(-)t-7,8-dihydrodiol BP metabolites to DNA. Human monocytes and lymphocytes also catalyzed the covalent binding of 3H(-)t-7,8 dihydrodiol BP to intact cellular DNA. The addition of 3H(-)t-7,8-dihydrodiol BA to tissue culture media caused the inhibition of covalent DNA binding in BA preinduced monocyte by 58% and lymphocytes by 25%. Previous work has shown that BA is metabolized and converted to BA-diol epoxides by microsomes. These results indicate that BA-diol epoxides and BP diol epoxides are competing for the same binding sites on DNA. On the other hand, the addition of 10 nmol of 3H(-)t-7,8 dihydrodiol BP to the incubation of control and BA-preinduced cell homogenate and further incubation at 37 degrees C for 25 min showed that the DNA binding in BA preinduced cell homogenates was much greater than controls. Homogenates of cells induced by BA exhibited a greater level of DNA binding than controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3227050 TI - Enhanced pressor responses to angiotensin II caused by excessive sodium loading in the pithed rat. AB - The influence of changes in the sodium balance on angiotensin II-induced pressor responses were studied in the pithed rat preparation, which is characterized by a highly activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) with high plasma renin and angiotensin II concentrations. The pressor response to angiotensin II was enhanced by excessive sodium loading only, as induced by a high sodium diet combined with a mineralocorticoid, but not by a high salt diet as such. The stimulating effect of salt loading directly influences angiotensin II vasoconstriction without indirectly involving a facilitation of sympathetic neurotransmission. Salt depletion by a low salt diet combined with furosemide treatment did not alter the vasopressor response to angiotensin II. Changes in endogenous angiotensin II production secondary to alterations in serum sodium are of minor relevance in the pithed rat because of the strongly stimulated RAAS. Our finding that in this preparation excessive sodium loading still appears to enhance pressor responses to angiotensin II supports the conclusion that increased sodium load directly sensitizes vascular angiotensin II receptors. PMID- 3227051 TI - Failure of thromboxane synthetase inhibition to protect the postinfarcted heart against the induction of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in a conscious canine model of sudden coronary death. AB - The role of thromboxane as a contributor to the genesis of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation was examined in conscious dogs which had been subjected to myocardial infarction. CGS 12970, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor was administered in a dose of 10 mg/kg (i.v.) every 12 h. Ex vivo thrombin activated thromboxane synthesis, as determined by assay for thromboxane B2, was reduced to 15% of baseline 2 h after administration of CGS 12970. Drug administration was found to inhibit ex vivo platelet aggregation significantly in response to arachidonic acid, while aggregation to ADP and collagen was unaffected. CGS 12970 did not protect against the induction of ventricular tachycardia by programmed electrical stimulation of the postinfarcted heart. During provocative electrical stimulation, 9 of 11 (82%) animals continued to respond in the post-treatment period with the development of VT. Pretreatment with CGS 12970 failed to prevent the spontaneous development of ventricular fibrillation which occurred in 7 of 10 (70%) animals when a secondary ischemic event was superimposed in the region of the noninfarct-related circumflex coronary artery. The results suggest that the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, CGS 12970, when administered in the subacute phase of recovery from myocardial infarction, does not protect against the induction of ventricular tachycardia by programmed electrical stimulation or the spontaneous development of ventricular fibrillation in the postinfarcted canine heart. The findings suggest that thromboxane may not serve a critical role in the genesis of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation in the postinfarcted canine heart. PMID- 3227052 TI - Absence of anticholinergic activity of rolipram, an antidepressant with a novel mechanism of action, in three different animal models in vivo. AB - Rolipram, in contrast to the tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline and imipramine or the acetylcholine receptor antagonist atropine, failed to antagonize the salivation, hypothermia, or tremor caused in mice by the muscarinic receptor agonists pilocarpine or oxotremorine. The absence of anticholinergic activity, the extremely low therapeutic dose, and the novel mechanism of antidepressant action suggest that rolipram may also be a well tolerable antidepressant suitable for the treatment of problematic subpopulations of depressives such as elderly patients. PMID- 3227053 TI - A study to assess the anticholinergic activity of rolipram in healthy elderly volunteers. AB - Rolipram is an antidepressant with a novel mechanism of action: enhanced noradrenaline (first messenger) synthesis and release, and inhibition of cAMP (second messenger) breakdown. This study was aimed at objectively assessing potential anticholinergic effects of rolipram in healthy elderly volunteers by measurement of saliva production and pupil size. Eight male volunteers between 67 and 77 years of age first received in a randomized manner either a single dose of 50 mg amitriptyline or a placebo control. After a minimum washout period of seven days, they then received a multiple dosing regimen of a) 0.75 mg and b) 1.5 mg rolipram given every eight hours over a 5-day period with a two day washout between a) and b). Whereas no changes at all in pupil size could be observed, amitripyline significantly reduced salivary flow. Rolipram however had no effect on saliva production after either single or repeated administration of 0.75 or 1.5 mg. The results are discussed in connection with pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in the study. PMID- 3227054 TI - Haloperidol plasma level after a test dose as predictor for the clinical response to treatment in acute schizophrenic patients. AB - In a fixed-dose, double-blind study, the clinical response of schizophrenic patients to a high (0.40 mg/kg) or a low (0.15 mg/kg) dose of haloperidol (HL) was compared. The relationship between HL steady-state plasma levels and clinical improvement was examined. The utility of HL plasma level after a single test dose (0.05 mg/kg) in predicting the clinical response to treatment was evaluated. No difference in clinical improvement was observed between the two groups as a whole, although the high-dose group had a faster initial improvement. The high dose group showed more extrapyramidal effects during treatment. No relationship was found between HL steady-state levels and clinical improvement. For the low dose group, HL plasma level after the test dose was significantly positively correlated with the improvement after eight days of treatment. The test dose HL plasma level was no predictor of the clinical response to treatment in the high dose group. The possibility of predicting the clinical response of schizophrenic patients to treatment from the plasma level after a test dose is still an open question that requires further studies. PMID- 3227056 TI - Measuring plasma levels of carbamazepine. A pharmacokinetic study in patients with affective disorders. AB - Twenty-four patients suffering from affective disorders, who were being regularly treated with carbamazepine, were studied to determine the course of plasma levels of carbamazepine before (trough levels) and two and four hours after morning intake (peak levels). A large interindividual variation was found between highest peak level and trough level. Despite the lack of systematic studies it is concluded that measuring plasma levels to determine the therapeutic range of carbamazepine should use trough levels, which should provisionally be aimed at between six and eight mg/l. In order to avoid adverse effects, peak levels should not exceed 12 (or even 10) mg/l. PMID- 3227055 TI - Plasma concentrations of haloperidol and prolactin and clinical outcome in acutely psychotic patients. AB - This study was aimed at disclosing possible relationships between short term therapeutic outcome and certain ranges in plasma concentrations of haloperidol and of prolactin. Acutely psychotic patients (n = 28) were diagnosed (by RDC) as schizophrenics acute subtype (n = 17), schizoaffectives manic type, acute subtype (n = 8) and manics (n = 3). Parenteral haloperidol was the pharmacological treatment mostly given; the dose was kept constant intraindividually but varied between patients from 5 to 40 mg/d (median 15 mg/d). Data for statistical analyses of possible psychobiological relationships were analyzed at 12 days (median) of haloperidol regimen, that is at a relatively early cut-off in treatment. Keeping the methodological difficulties in mind, certain ranges in plasma concentrations of haloperidol (16-26.9 mg/ml; (Fig. 1) and of prolactin (64-159.9 mg/ml; (Fig. 2) were found to be associated-statistically independently with a favourable therapeutic outcome. The rate of recovery was best if a patient came to lie with both plasma levels within these therapeutic ranges (Fig. 3). It is concluded that the combination of pharmacological and neuroendocrinological techniques in psychiatric research may be of substantial use for clinical purposes. PMID- 3227057 TI - Immunopharmacology. PMID- 3227058 TI - [Principles of the diagnosis of schizophrenia and affective disorders based on DSM-III-R with consideration of the changes in the ICD-10 classification]. PMID- 3227059 TI - Cross cultural study of productive phenomenology of schizophrenia. PMID- 3227060 TI - [Relation of therapeutic and hormonal reactions to thymoleptics in patients with endogenous depression. I. Secretion of thyrotropin and thyroid hormones]. PMID- 3227061 TI - [Relation of therapeutic and hormonal reactions to thymoleptics in patients with endogenous depression. II. Secretion of gonadotropins and prolactin]. PMID- 3227062 TI - [Trace elements (zinc, selenium) in alcohol dependence]. PMID- 3227063 TI - [Patients' attitude to their schizophrenic disorders]. PMID- 3227064 TI - [Self-care by patients with schizophrenic disorders]. PMID- 3227065 TI - [Effect of self-assessment on the attitude to illness of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3227066 TI - [Stimulating environmental conditions and the prevention and treatment of mental disorders in elderly persons]. PMID- 3227067 TI - [Alcohol consumption among students]. PMID- 3227068 TI - [Aggressive-sadistic behavior as a dominating symptom in schizophrenic psychosis in a 13-year-old boy]. PMID- 3227069 TI - On the fate of the intrapsychic image of the psychoanalyst after termination of the analysis. PMID- 3227070 TI - Termination analyzable and unanalyzable. PMID- 3227071 TI - Sweating it out. PMID- 3227072 TI - The development of time sense in adolescence. PMID- 3227073 TI - The terminability of adolescence and psychoanalysis. PMID- 3227074 TI - Inner themes and outer behaviors in early childhood development. A longitudinal study. PMID- 3227076 TI - From the analysis of a 5-year-old boy with pathological narcissism. PMID- 3227075 TI - The psychoanalytic process in adults and children. PMID- 3227078 TI - Some reflections on the inner space and its contents. PMID- 3227079 TI - Trauma or drive--drive and trauma. A reading of Sigmund Freud's phylogenetic fantasy of 1915. PMID- 3227077 TI - The disavowal of authority in a child of divorce. PMID- 3227080 TI - "I ain't nobody". A study of black male identity formation. PMID- 3227081 TI - Communal upbringing in the Kibbutz. The allure and risks of psychoanalytic utopianism. PMID- 3227082 TI - The "golden fantasy" and countertransference. Residential treatment of the abused child. PMID- 3227083 TI - Fantasies of gender. PMID- 3227084 TI - Family intervention and parental involvement in the facilitation of mourning in a 4-year-old boy. PMID- 3227085 TI - The power of the eye in nature, nurture, and culture. A developmental view of mutual gaze. PMID- 3227086 TI - Redefining the revenant. Guilt and sibling loss in Guntrip and Freud. PMID- 3227087 TI - Picturing the child's inner world of fantasy. On the dialetic between image and word. PMID- 3227088 TI - The transference neurosis in child analysis. PMID- 3227089 TI - Nipple development and pup-induced prolactin release in male rats treated prenatally with the antiandrogen flutamide. AB - While maternal female rats display increases in circulating prolactin (PRL) concentrations in response to pup exposure, parental male rats fail to show such an increase. One possible explanation for the lack of an acute PRL response in parental male rats is that males do not have nipples and therefore do not receive stimuli from the pups comparable to those experienced by parental female rats. To examine the contribution of nipple presence and possible stimulation, i.e. suckling, in this sexually differentiated endocrine response, male rats were exposed from days 12-15 of gestation to the antiandrogen flutamide. As adults, flutamide-exposed males had nipples. These males and a group of control males were castrated in adulthood and treated with a 21-day hormone regimen (estradiol and progesterone) that effectively stimulates parental behavior in adult rats. Following hormone treatment, mammary tissue from one set of flutamide-treated males was examined histologically to assess nipple and mammary gland development and responsiveness of these tissues to hormonal stimulation. Additional sets of flutamide-treated and control animals were tested for parental behavior. These latter animals were implanted with indwelling atrial cannulae on day 4 of parental behavior and subsequently bled on day 6 in the absence of young and on day 8 after presentation of young. PRL concentrations did not change in either the flutamide-treated or control parental males bled in the presence or absence of young.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227090 TI - Family environment of adolescents and coping in the hospital. AB - The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between social environment and the activity of the HPA axis in adolescents. Ten elective admissions to Children's Hospital at Stanford were assessed by standard psychiatric interview. Five fulfilled criteria for a DSM-III diagnosis, five others did not. The groups were comparable in age, height, weight, SES, and number of previous hospitalizations. All subjects and their families completed the Family Environment Scale. All subjects had plasma cortisol concentrations determined on days 1, 3, and 5 of hospitalization and at the time of discharge. Samples were drawn under standardized conditions, after a brief interview during which potentially stressful events of the day were discussed. Results revealed that the five individuals with poor coping skills, as defined by the presence of a DSM-III diagnosis, had significantly higher peak concentrations of plasma cortisol, than the five psychiatrically normal subjects. Peak cortisol elevations occurred upon discharge from the hospital. Family environment in the two groups differed significantly on the dimensions of cohesion, conflict, control, and incongruence of perception of the environment among family members themselves. The findings support the hypothesis that social environmental characteristics are associated with psychiatric and physiological measures of coping. PMID- 3227091 TI - Growth hormone and somatomedin-C in bulimia. AB - Somatomedin-C (SOM-C) concentrations are regulated by circulating growth hormone (GH) concentrations; however, other factors, such as nutrition, also influence SOM-C concentrations. We evaluated the GH-SOM-C axis in seven normal-weight female bulimics one day after hospital admission, and in seven age-, sex-, and weight-matched normal controls. Subjects were medication-free for at least one month. Fasting morning serum GH concentrations were higher in all bulimics (range 2.5-13.3 ng/ml) than in all controls (range less than 1.0-1.8 ng/ml). The mean (+/- SD) maximum GH response to TRH (500 micrograms) was greater in the bulimics (12.9 +/- 4.9 ng/ml) than in the controls (3.7 +/- 2.7 ng/ml) (p less than .001). Despite this GH elevation, the mean (+/- SD) SOM-C concentration was comparable in the bulimics (2.0 +/- 0.6 U/ml) and the controls (1.6 +/- 0.8 U/ml). This suggests that SOM-C generation is resistant to the elevated circulating GH in bulimia and that SOM-C is not inhibiting GH secretion in the pituitary hypothalamic axis. PMID- 3227092 TI - Databased research: antidote to the anecdote? PMID- 3227093 TI - The suicidal, terminally ill patient with depression. PMID- 3227094 TI - Physicians' emotional reactions to patients. PMID- 3227095 TI - Stress and menstrual dysfunction in medical students. PMID- 3227096 TI - The role of the medical evaluation in psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 3227097 TI - DSM-III depression and hypertension in two psychiatric outpatient populations. PMID- 3227098 TI - Recommendations for clinical studies in psychosomatic medicine. PMID- 3227099 TI - AIDS obsessions in depressed heterosexuals. PMID- 3227100 TI - Ictal panic/epileptogenic activity: treatment with primidone. PMID- 3227101 TI - Estrogen-induced panic attacks. PMID- 3227102 TI - Refractory hypokalemia secondary to hypomagnesemia in eating-disorder patients. PMID- 3227104 TI - Coexisting bipolar disorder and narcolepsy. PMID- 3227103 TI - Affective symptoms and adrenoleukodystrophy: a report of two cases. PMID- 3227105 TI - Affective disorder and stress in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3227106 TI - Metachromatic leukodystrophy: heterozygosity and psychopathology. PMID- 3227107 TI - The variance-covariance method: microdosimetry in time-varying low dose-rate radiation fields. AB - The variance-covariance method is employed at low doses and in radiation fields of low dose rates from an 241Am (4 nGy/s) and a 90Sr (300 nGy/s) source. The preliminary applications and results illustrate some of the potential of the method, and show that the dose average of lineal energy or energy imparted can be determined over a wide range of doses and dose rates. The dose averages obtained with the variance-covariance method in time-varying fields, for which the conventional variance method is not suitable, agree well with results obtained under the condition of constant dose rate. The results are compared to data obtained in terms of the conventional single-event measurements. The method has evident advantages, such as facility and speed of measurement. PMID- 3227110 TI - Late changes in serum proteins and possibilities of their influencing in irradiated rats. PMID- 3227108 TI - Differences in inhibition by beta-arabinofuranosyladenine (araA) of radiation induced DNA damage repair in exponentially growing and plateau-phase CHO-cells. AB - The effect of beta-arabinofuranosyladenine (araA) on the repair of radiation induced DNA damage, as measured by the DNA unwinding technique, was studied in exponentially growing and plateau-phase CHO-cells after exposure to x-rays. Induction of DNA damage by radiation was found to be similar in exponentially growing and plateau-phase cells. In the absence of araA, repair of radiation induced DNA damage proceeded with similar kinetics in exponentially growing and plateau-phase cells. AraA at concentrations between 0-1500 microM inhibited DNA repair both in exponentially growing and in plateau-phase cells. However, the degree of inhibition was significantly higher (by a factor of 3) in plateau-phase cells. A similar degree of repair inhibition by araA was observed in plateau phase cells treated in their conditioned medium, as well as in plateau phase cells that were transfered in fresh growth medium just before treatment initiation. These results indicate the importance of biochemical parameters associated with alterations in the growth state of the cells for the inhibitory effect of araA and may help in the elucidation of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying repair inhibition by inhibitors of DNA replication. PMID- 3227111 TI - [Methodology of contact therapy using the afterloading technic in the head and neck region]. PMID- 3227109 TI - Photooxidative changes of lysozyme with 337.1 nm laser radiation. AB - Initial photoinduced oxidative changes in the protein lysozyme were studied using the 337.1 nm radiation from a pulsed nitrogen laser without exogenous sensitizing compounds. Irradiation of lysozyme and tryptophan in aerated solution results in the temperature and solvent dependent loss of tryptophan absorption and fluorescence, and the appearance of fluorescent "daughter products," primarily N formyl-kynurenine and kynurenine. Exposures that resulted in 15% loss of tryptophan fluorescence produced no measurable loss in enzymatic activity. Fluorescence quenching experiments on irradiated lysozyme at low conversion percentage suggest that an exposed residue (Trp-62) is favored as an initial target of attack. PMID- 3227112 TI - [Changes in the skin and oral temperature during local cryotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis with extremely cold air. Prevention of congelation]. PMID- 3227113 TI - [Colposcopic images of cervical cancer with early invasion]. PMID- 3227115 TI - [Evaluation of the nature and dynamics of hemostatic changes in myocardial infarction. II. Evaluation of the nature and dynamics of the changes in selected parameters of the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3227114 TI - [Morphological, clinical and statistical analysis of aortic aneurysms]. PMID- 3227116 TI - [Errors in expert testimony. Case reports]. PMID- 3227117 TI - [Kidney calculi: pathogenesis and treatment]. PMID- 3227118 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of the usefulness of the "CAMAC" system in analyzing the cardiotocogram during labor]. PMID- 3227119 TI - Radiographic and computed tomographic detection of thymoma in patients with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3227120 TI - Brunner's gland adenoma of the duodenal bulb. PMID- 3227121 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of brain atrophy in hypothyroidism. PMID- 3227122 TI - Evaluation of the renal arteries with digital angiography in patients with peripheral arteriopathy. PMID- 3227123 TI - The treatment of cervical carcinoma with radiotherapy alone or preoperative radiotherapy and surgery. PMID- 3227124 TI - Variations in the incidence of vertebral bone metastases by irradiation of the internal mammary chain in breast cancer. PMID- 3227125 TI - Oncological radiotherapy--family medicine. PMID- 3227126 TI - [Campylobacter pylori, gastritis, ulcer and defense mechanisms of the gastroduodenal mucosa]. PMID- 3227127 TI - [Alkaline reflux gastritis: treatment by the Henley-Soupault operation]. PMID- 3227128 TI - Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of congenital heart disease. AB - Three-dimensional surface reconstruction images of the heart and great vessels have been produced from contiguous sequences of EKG-triggered MRI scans in more than 35 patients with congenital heart disease and 5 normal subjects. The scan data was semiautomatically processed to separate the epi- and endocardial surfaces and to define the outlines of the enclosed blood volumes on a slice by slice basis. Surface reconstruction images aid communication with clinicians, establish the size and location of intracardiac defects, and image the pulmonary venous drainage. The method is practical for use in the evaluation of cardiac morphologic abnormalities, especially for planning cardiac surgery. PMID- 3227129 TI - Mammographic evaluation of the postsurgical and irradiated breast. AB - Mammography is important in women who elect lumpectomy and radiation therapy for breast carcinoma: to record the preoperative state, to assess the completeness of resection, and to detect recurrences and second primaries. Mammography of these patients, however, is difficult since surgery and irradiation may cause changes simulating carcinoma. This article describes the findings in the postsurgical and irradiated breast and the difficulty of differentiating the changes from recurrent carcinoma. It also illustrates the findings in recurrences and second primaries. PMID- 3227130 TI - 2D and 3D computed tomography of the pediatric hip. AB - The contribution of computed tomography with multiplanar reconstructions (2D CT) and animated three-dimensional reformatting (3D CT) has been well documented in the adult hip. The applications and utility in the pediatric hip prove to be similar. Coronal and sagittal 2D images are superior to transaxial CT in defining the superior pole of the femur, the superior joint space, and the acetabular roof and dome. 3D CT provides the best overview of morphology, integrating the 2D information for therapeutic planning. Studies can be modified or tailored for dose control, particularly in the youngest patients. PMID- 3227131 TI - Gianturco coil embolization of vein of Galen aneurysms: technical aspects. AB - Galenic A-V fistulas typically result in hydrocephalus and increased cerebral venous pressure, with symptoms of progressive seizure activity, chronic cardiac failure and failure to thrive. Surgery and arterial embolization have been only partially successful in reducing flow through these shunts. The authors present technical details of a procedure for embolizing such lesions via a transtorcular venous approach. Early results in 15 patients are reported: Twelve patients appear to have had significant symptomatic improvement; two have died of persistent heart failure, and one died of a subdural hematoma associated with ventriculostomy. PMID- 3227132 TI - FLASH: clinical three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Using 3-D FLASH, high resolution, very thin section T1 weighted images of the CNS, spine, and extremities can be obtained. From these single data sets, reformatted images whose resolution is equal to that of the original data set can be constructed in any desired plane. This approach may lead to the replacement of conventional T1 weighted spin echo imaging by 3-D FLASH techniques. PMID- 3227133 TI - The determination of death and the changing role of medical imaging. AB - Laws and standards of medical practice with respect to the determination of death have changed dramatically as knowledge of the human body and its detailed cellular functions have increased. This article describes legal and medical advances in the determination of death emphasizing the role of modern imaging technology in this critical determination. PMID- 3227134 TI - Radiation treatment planning. The physician's role. PMID- 3227135 TI - General case of the day. Sulfonamide crystallization in nonalkalinized urine. PMID- 3227136 TI - Pediatric case of the day. Angiomatous lymphoid hamartoma (Castleman's disease). PMID- 3227137 TI - Liver sinusoids II. PMID- 3227138 TI - [Standardization: an indispensable activity]. PMID- 3227139 TI - [Mortality and morbidity in cardiac surgery: effect of age and predictive factors]. PMID- 3227140 TI - [Buprenorphine in heart surgery. Hemodynamic study in patients with mitral valve disease]. PMID- 3227142 TI - [Parameters of tissue respiration in critically ill patients with acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 3227143 TI - [The European diploma in anesthesiology and resuscitation]. PMID- 3227141 TI - [Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration-dialysis: its use in septic, hypercatabolic and oligoanuric patients]. PMID- 3227144 TI - [2 cases of intraoperative hydatid shock]. PMID- 3227145 TI - [Acute rhabdomyolysis]. PMID- 3227146 TI - [Digital ischemia of the upper limb: treatment using continuous axillary block]. PMID- 3227147 TI - [Intrapleural analgesia in thoracic pathology]. PMID- 3227148 TI - [In defense of standardization and of the existing UNE standards]. PMID- 3227149 TI - [Acute poisoning by tetracaine following topical oropharyngeal administration]. PMID- 3227150 TI - [Combined ventilation(HFV/CMV): high frequency and conventional ventilation]. PMID- 3227151 TI - [Amrinone during disconnection from extracorporeal circulation in heart surgery]. PMID- 3227152 TI - Parent care and geographically distant children. PMID- 3227153 TI - Informal networks of community-based elderly. Changes in composition over time. PMID- 3227154 TI - A profile of Alaska's seniors. 2. Housing and its correlates. PMID- 3227155 TI - A profile of Alaska's seniors. 3. Income, children, and health. PMID- 3227156 TI - Adrenal vein and arterial levels of catecholamines and immunoreactive metenkephalin in canine endotoxin shock and their response to naloxone. AB - The alterations in plasma levels of immunoreactive metenkephalin (ir metenkephalin) and catecholamines in adrenal vein and arterial blood in response to endotoxin, as well as the effects of subsequent naloxone administration, have been investigated in a canine model. Animals were anaesthetised with alpha chloralose and allowed to breathe spontaneously. The left lumbar adrenal vein was cannulated and an intermittent choke allowed retrograde sampling of the adrenal effluent. Severe shock was produced by the administration of a large bolus of E. coli endotoxin (5 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion (2 mg/kg per hour). One hour after induction of shock the circulating volume was expanded using a colloidal gelatin solution. Thirty minutes later one group of five animals received a bolus of naloxone (2 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion of (1.5 mg/kg per hour), while a control group of five animals was given an equivalent volume of isotonic saline. The production of endotoxin shock was associated with marked increases in adrenal vein and systemic levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Naloxone administration transiently limited the fall in adrenal vein levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline (P less than 0.05) following volume replacement and was associated with a sustained increase in systemic adrenaline levels (P less than 0.05). Changes in mean arterial pressure confirmed a significant haemodynamic response to naloxone (P less than 0.05). Alterations in ir-metenkephalin levels in the adrenal vein closely followed the changes in catecholamines, whereas arterial levels rose progressively and were unaffected by naloxone. We conclude that in canine endotoxin shock the opiate antagonist naloxone can transiently increase catecholamine levels in the adrenal effluent and produce a more sustained rise in systemic adrenaline levels. Moreover, the adrenal medulla is not the only source of circulating ir-metenkephalin. PMID- 3227157 TI - Neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to high-dose corticosteroid therapy in canine endotoxin shock. AB - The neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to endotoxin administration and the effects of subsequent high-dose corticosteroid therapy have been investigated in dogs. Shock was induced in anaesthetised animals by a large bolus of E. coli endotoxin (5 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion (2 mg/kg per hour). One hour after induction of shock, the circulating volume was expanded using a colloidal gelatin solution. Fifteen minutes later, one group of five animals received a bolus of methylprednisolone sodium succinate 30 mg/kg, while a control group of five animals was given an equivalent volume of isotonic saline. The administration of endotoxin produced reductions in mean arterial pressure, cardiac index and left ventricular dp/dtmax, together with increases in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. These haemodynamic changes were associated with increases in arterial plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, immunoreactive beta-endorphin and immunoreactive metenkephalin. Cardiovascular improvement followed volume replacement and was associated with reductions in circulating catecholamines. No significant haemodynamic or neuroendocrine changes were demonstrated in the 2 h following steroid therapy. PMID- 3227158 TI - Is the deterioration of liver viability due to hepatic warm ischemia or reinflow of pooled-portal blood in intermittent portal triad cross-clamping? AB - The effects of hepatic warm ischemia and portal pooling on the viability of the liver were investigated with respect to hepatic energy metabolism by performing intermittent portal triad cross-clamping (Pringle's maneuver) on dogs with or without portosystemic shunt. The dogs were divided into two groups of five: Group 1, non-shunt group, underwent Pringle's maneuver performed for 30 min and declamping for 30 min, a process that was repeated five times; and Group 2, shunt group, underwent the same procedure as Group 1, except for portosystemic shunt using a heparinized hydrophilic catheter between the splenic and jugular veins. The shunt was opened during Pringle's maneuver and was closed immediately at declamping. In the non-shunt group, portal pooling increased and systemic blood pressure decreased when Pringle's maneuver was performed, but in the shunt group portal and systemic blood pressures remained within the normal range. In the non shunt group, the initial velocity of arterial blood ketone body ratio (KBR) recovery after each declamping significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased from 0.122 +/- 0.016 (per min) after the first declamping to 0.028 +/- 0.017 (per min) after the fifth declamping. Hepatic energy charge [= (ATP + 1/2 ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP)] decreased from 0.840 +/- 0.003 before ischemia to 0.749 +/- 0.003 30 min after the fifth declamping (P less than 0.001). The concentrations of lactate and total amino acids in arterial blood increased. On the other hand, in the shunt group, the initial velocity of KBR recovery and hepatic energy charge showed little change even after the fifth declamping (0.081 +/- 0.016 per min and 0.851 +/- 0.009, respectively). The concentrations of lactate and total amino acids showed almost no increase. The impairment of hepatic energy metabolism by intermittent portal triad cross-clamping is mainly due to reinflow of pooled portal blood to the previously ischemic liver, rather than hepatic warm ischemia. The KBR may be useful for determining the degree of impairment of hepatic energy metabolism. PMID- 3227159 TI - Effects of a calcium antagonist (nifedipine) on cats in live E. coli bacteriemic shock. AB - The effects of a calcium antagonist, nifedipine, on cardiovascular reactions and on gastrointestinal mucosal integrity was studied in a standardized feline bacteriemic model. Nifedipine pretreatment delayed the development of cardiovascular derangement and reduced the severity of the intestinal but not the gastric mucosal injury. The effect on the intestinal mucosa could be due to the delayed development of hypotensive shock but also to a protective effect on the superficial mucosal cells. PMID- 3227161 TI - [Therapeutic strategies of giant lung cyst]. PMID- 3227160 TI - Effects of pantothenic acid on fibroblastic cell cultures. AB - To evaluate the effects of pantothenic acid during wound healing processes, fibroblastic cell cultures originating from foreskin were established and subcultured by trypsinization. PA (40 micrograms/ml) was added to the basal culture medium. The cell proliferation was estimated by cell count and determination of 3H-thymidine incorporation. The protein synthesis and secretion were determined by dosage in the cells and in the culture medium. When PA was added to the medium, a significant increase of cell proliferation and of 3H thymidine incorporation was observed mainly during the first few days. PA also stimulated intracellular protein synthesis, but did not induce a release of proteins in the culture medium. The exact mechanism involved in this phenomenon remains unclear at this time. PMID- 3227162 TI - [LDL-receptor]. PMID- 3227163 TI - [Surgical treatment of giant bullae]. PMID- 3227164 TI - [Theoretical bases and clinical aspects of ST reciprocal changes]. PMID- 3227166 TI - [Can atrial fibrillation be reverted to sinus rhythm after open commissurotomy for mitral stenosis? Actuarial maintenance rate of sinus rhythm at ten years after surgery]. PMID- 3227165 TI - [Detection of cardiac and arterial thrombi by 67Ga-DFO-fibrinogen scintigraphy]. PMID- 3227167 TI - [Latent WPW syndrome diagnosed in Valsalva's method]. PMID- 3227168 TI - [Genesis of the fourth heart sound-with special reference to the blood flow patterns in the left ventricular inflow tract using pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. PMID- 3227169 TI - [A case of aortitis syndrome associated with primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3227170 TI - [A case of chylopericardium, chylothorax associated with Behcet's disease]. PMID- 3227171 TI - [Adult case of bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 3227172 TI - The tracheal nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory system during antigen challenge. AB - This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that malfunction of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory system (NANCIS) induces hyperreactive airways. Antigen sensitized guinea pigs were divided into four groups: (1) antigen challenge (n = 6), (2) 2 min oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) + antigen challenge (n = 5), (3) 27 min HbO2 + antigen challenge (n = 4), and (4) 2 min HbO2 + transmural stimulation (TS) + antigen challenge (n = 6). These animals were sensitized with ovalbumin 10 days before the study. In addition, 12 normal control animals without antigen sensitization were used for comparison. Under artificial ventilation, the anesthetized-paralyzed animals were hourly injected with atropine (0.2 mg/kg) and propranolol (1 mg/kg). Cervical segment of the trachea was converted to a closed tracheal pouch filled with Krebs solution containing also atropine (1 microM) and propranolol (3.5 microM). A change in the pouch pressure (Pp) reflected NANCIS TS- or antigen (5 micrograms) challenge induced relaxation and/or constriction. HbO2 was used to inhibit NANCIS transmitter. There was no significant difference between normal and sensitized animals in the NANCIS TS-induced relaxation. Antigen challenge resulted in biphasic alteration in Pp, an initial increase and then a decrease after about 7 min. HbO2 pretreatment alone did not potentiate antigen-induced increase in Pp. HbO2 + TS, however, significantly abolished the late relaxation phase after antigen challenge. PMID- 3227173 TI - Triangularis sterni muscle use during eupnea in humans: effect of posture. AB - The electromyograms of the triangularis sterni (transversus thoracis), of the abdominal external oblique, and of the deeper abdominal muscle layer (internal oblique or transversus abdominis) were recorded with concentric needle electrodes in twenty normal naive subjects breathing quietly in the supine and the standing posture. The triangularis sterni and abdominal muscles were usually silent in the supine posture. In contrast, all subjects in the standing posture showed activity in the abdominal muscles, and sixteen subjects also had activity in the triangularis sterni. The abdominal muscle activity was principally tonic, unrelated to the phases of the breathing cycle, whereas in fifteen subjects the triangularis sterni activity was confined to expiration. Expiratory activation of the triangularis sterni was more frequently observed in the older than in the younger subjects of the study. These observations indicate that unlike in the supine posture, most normal subjects when breathing at rest in the standing posture recruit both the triangularis sterni and the abdominal muscles. This recruitment may compensate for the adverse effects of the standing posture on the diaphragm and rib cage inspiratory muscles. PMID- 3227174 TI - High-frequency oscillatory ventilation may increase airway closure. AB - In five seated, normal subjects, we measured closing volumes using 133Xe boluses inhaled at residual volume. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) (15 Hz, 2 cc/kg) was applied during either inspiration to total lung capacity or the subsequent expiration. Closing volume was increased (P less than 0.001) when HFOV was applied during the latter half of expiration, but not when HFOV was applied during inspiration or the first half of expiration. Subsequently, in seven subjects, we measured the regional distributions of 133Xe boluses delivered during open-glottis breath-hold at 14% vital capacity after equilibration with N2O. HFOV was applied during bolus delivery for about 16 sec. These distributions were compared with those achieved by intravenous injections of 133Xe in saline. Regional perfusion (injected isotope) exceeded regional N2O uptake at the lung bases and this was significantly accentuated by HFOV, compatible with increased basal closure. We conclude that in normal subjects at low lung volumes, HFOV may enhance airway closure, though other explanations are possible. PMID- 3227175 TI - Development of the chick embryo: effects of egg mass. AB - We asked to what extent, within a species, differences in egg mass, hence in eggshell surface area and O2 conductance, could affect the development of the avian embryo. Large (L, about 70 g) and small (S, about 55 g) fertile chicken eggs were simultaneously incubated and the embryos studied at day 18, i.e. before the onset of lung ventilation. Embryo mass and O2 consumption (VO2) (measured with a manometric technique) normalized per mass of the freshly laid egg were higher in S than in L, while no differences occurred after normalization by egg surface area (S.A.). Egg water vapour conductance, which is proportional to O2 conductance, was also found to be directly proportional to egg S.A. Hence, the mass and VO2 of the embryo are more closely related to the O2 conductance of the eggshell than to egg mass, giving support to the concept that the avian embryo's VO2 is not an invariable species characteristic, but a variable dependent on O2 availability. Hatching and viability did not differ between L and S, and the specific mass of heart and lung and their cellular (DNA) concentration were also similar between the two groups of embryos. Therefore, differentiation of tissues and organogenesis do not seem to be affected by the differences in total O2 availability determined by the differences in egg mass, while they are probably more important than total tissue mass in setting the time of hatching. PMID- 3227176 TI - Gas exchange and development of chicken embryos with widely altered shell conductance from the beginning of incubation. AB - The O2 uptake of chicken embryos confined in the eggshell (MO2) is governed by a shell diffusive conductance (GO2) and PO2 difference between ambience and air space, suggesting that a relation between GO2 and air space PO2 (PAO2) is hyperbolic at constant MO2. Upon wide alteration of GO2 from the beginning of incubation, the MO2 was measured on day 16 of incubation and the relation between GO2 and PAO2 examined. The MO2 increased hyperbolically with increasing GO2, reached maximum at control conductances and decreased with further increase in GO2. From these changes in MO2 with GO2, an equation was derived predicting PAO2 as a quadratic function of inverse gO2 (mass-specific conductance, i.e., GO2 standardized by fresh egg mass), and the relation between air space PO2 and shell conductance was no longer hyperbolic. The arterialized blood PO2 (PaO2) of the allantoic vein measured individually was also expressed by a quadratic equation of inverse gO2. While for widely altered conductance the MO2 was little related to PaO2, the mass (embryo)-specific O2 uptake increased with PaO2. The excess water loss associated with increased conductance was involved in changes in these variables. PMID- 3227177 TI - Short-term effects of altered shell conductance on oxygen uptake and hematological variables of late chicken embryos. AB - The preceding report on the O2 uptake (MO2) of chicken embryos whose shell conductance (GO2) was altered from the beginning of incubation showed that the MO2 was decreased despite increased GO2 [Okuda, A. and H. Tazawa (1988) Respir. Physiol. 74: 187-198]. This was attributed to an excess water loss which reduced the growth of the embryos. The present study was designed to investigate the short-term effects of altered GO2, obviating the effect of excess water loss, on the MO2 and simultaneously on the hematological variables of embryos on days 16 17 and days 18-19 of incubation. The MO2 measured 5 h after increasing the GO2 was neither decreased nor increased significantly. The diffusing capacity of the chorio-allantoic membrane, which was estimated using the Bohr integration procedure, decreased as the GO2 was increased. When the GO2 was decreased, on the other hand, the decrease in MO2 was not so large as expected from the decrease in GO2, for both 16- and 18-day-old embryos. The effect of reduced GO2 on MO2 was more prominent in 18-day-old embryos than 16-day-old embryos. One-day-long hypoxia due to decreased GO2 induced erythropoiesis in 18-19-day embryos, but did not do so in 16-17-day embryos. The increase in hematocrit value of the latter group of embryos was attributed to an increase in cell volume due to concurrent hypercapnia. PMID- 3227178 TI - Chronic hypoxia alters structure and transmitter dynamics in dog pulmonary artery. AB - Confinement of dogs to 10% oxygen for 14 days caused erythropoiesis and pulmonary hypertension. Histological sections of the lung tissue showed thickening of the smooth muscle component of muscular arteries and arterioles. Segments of pulmonary artery from dogs exposed to hypoxia were superfused under continuation of hypoxic conditions or after return to oxygenated conditions. Parallel segments of pulmonary artery from normal dogs were also studied. Norepinephrine stores were labeled with [3H]norepinephrine and measurements were made of [3H]norepinephrine and its radiolabeled metabolites (separated by column chromatography) in superfusates using liquid scintillation spectrometry. Chronic hypoxia (1) reduced neuronal uptake of NE from synaptic clefts, (2) reduced the content of DOPEG in superfusate from tissues studied during continuation of hypoxic conditions and in tissues studied after return to oxygenated conditions, (3) increased extraneuronal uptake of NE and (4) increased overflow of NE from synaptic clefts. In similar segments of pulmonary artery removed from the same lung, endogenous free and conjugated norepinephrine and dopamine were measured in pulmonary artery by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The tissue content of free norepinephrine after stimulation was reduced, which was compatible with the reduction in neuronal uptake. Conjugated norepinephrine was a minor metabolite and was increased modestly compared to concentrations reported previously in pulmonary artery from normal dogs. PMID- 3227180 TI - Volume and pressure during transient added resistance. AB - Total respiratory resistance (Rrs) can be computed from measurements of flow before and during a brief period of added resistance. This "added resistance' method does not require measurement of total driving pressure (Pt). One of the assumptions of this method is that the change in Pt (delta Pt) is negligible during the time of increased resistance. To evaluate this assumption we measured both the volume exhaled during a brief imposition of an external resistor, and the total respiratory compliance (Crs) of 7 healthy volunteers. The mean volume exhaled was 18.6 ml, and the mean Crs was 88 ml/cm H2O. The volume exhaled divided by Crs gives the change in total static elastic recoil pressure (delta Pel, rs), which is one component of delta Pt. The mean delta Pel, rs was 0.22 cm H2O. Since the pressure exerted by contraction of inspiratory muscles (Pmus,I) opposes Pel, rs, we also estimated delta Pmus,I and subtracted it from delta Pel, rs to obtain delta Pt. The computed mean delta Pt during the time of added resistance was 0.045 cm H2O. This value is quite small in relation to Pt during a spontaneous expiration at rest. We also studied 13 subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and found no significant effect of transient added resistance on intraesophageal pressure. We conclude that the assumption of negligible delta Pt should not prevent the added resistance method from being very useful, particularly when simplicity of equipment and testing procedure are important. PMID- 3227179 TI - The effect of beta adrenergic blockade on the carotid body response to hyperkalaemia in the cat. AB - Arterial chemoreceptor discharge and ventilation are both significantly increased when the concentration of arterial potassium is raised to a level typical of moderate exercise. However, although the plasma potassium level of exercising, beta-blocked patients rises by more than that of normal subjects, this does not show up in their steady-state ventilatory response, i.e. exercising beta-blocked subjects ventilate no more than exercising controls. The present experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that the apparent failure of beta-blocked subjects to respond to the extra hyperkalaemia that they experience might be accounted for by a reduction in the sensitivity of arterial chemoreceptors to potassium. We used eleven pentobarbitone-anaesthetized, thoracotomized, artificially hyperventilated cats, in which arterial potassium was raised from ca. 4.5 to ca. 7 mM before and during beta blockade by propranolol or atenolol. The steady-state relation between chemoreceptor discharge and arterial potassium was curvilinear, discharge becoming more sensitive to potassium as the concentration of the latter was raised. Beta blockade significantly reduced discharge at all levels of plasma potassium (P less than 0.0001). It also significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) the slope of the response of discharge to a given increase of plasma potassium. Our results show that beta blockade decreases the sensitivity of arterial chemoreceptors to increases in arterial potassium. This may explain why exercising beta-blocked subjects breathe no harder than controls, in spite of the fact that they are more hyperkalaemic. PMID- 3227181 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage: just a research tool or also a clinical procedure? PMID- 3227182 TI - Inhaled corticosteroids and pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - Corticosteroids are the drugs of choice for treatment of sarcoidosis. Frequently the pulmonary parenchymal lesions with impaired lung function represent the indication for starting treatment. Oral glucocorticosteroids may cause systemic side-effects and therefore treatment is often started too late in the hope of a spontaneous recovery. With the introduction of the locally potent glucocorticosteroid budesonide (Pulmicort) the active alveolitis as well as the pulmonary parenchymal lesions can be treated with only inhaled steroids and without causing systemic effects. If wanted, treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis can therefore be started early without waiting for a possible spontaneous improvement. Systemic sarcoidosis outside the lungs cannot, however, be treated with locally administered drugs. The most rapid improvement of the pulmonary manifestations is achieved if an initial combination of oral and inhaled steroids is used for 2-3 months. Thereafter the long-term maintenance treatment can be given with only inhaled budesonide. PMID- 3227184 TI - The importance of airway obstruction in sarcoidosis. AB - Airway obstruction is a common feature of sarcoidosis. Exact incidence of the abnormality remains unknown. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of airway dysfunction in altering the prognosis of sarcoidosis. PMID- 3227183 TI - Standardized quantitative 67Ga scintigraphy in pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - A method of standardized quantitative 67Ga scintigraphy in the evaluation of pulmonary sarcoidosis is described. Standardization of 67Ga activity measurements was achieved by using an external attenuated 67Ga standard for comparison. The method was applied to control subjects (n = 24), and to patients (n = 88) suffering from biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis, whether or not treated with systemic or inhaled corticosteroids. The quantitative 67Ga activity values for pulmonary hili and parenchyma were found to be increased in patients, especially in those patients who were recently diagnosed and untreated. 67Ga accumulation in the liver showed normally a wide variation and appeared to be increased in patients with sarcoidosis, so that use of the liver radioactivity as the standard for comparison may lead to misinterpretation of the intrathoracic 67Ga activity distribution. Standardized quantitative 67Ga scintigraphy appeared to be a valuable tool in the management of pulmonary sarcoidosis and also opens up the possibility for results from different institutions to be compared. Supplementary digitized functional images improved the accuracy of the interpretation of routine analogue unprocessed images. Diffuse or local 67Ga accumulation in the chest was more readily discernible on digitized functional images than on analogue images. PMID- 3227185 TI - Clinical features of sarcoidosis in elderly patients. AB - We reviewed 17 cases of biopsy-proven sarcoidosis occurring in patients who were 65 years of age or older at the time of diagnosis in order to determine the clinical features of sarcoidosis in this group of elderly patients. A female preponderance (76%) was noted, as well as significant respiratory and cutaneous symptoms. There were no characteristic diagnostic features of sarcoidosis in this group; therefore, we suggest that tissue biopsy is needed to exclude pulmonary diseases such as neoplasm or tuberculosis. Most elderly patients having sarcoidosis remained clinically stable during the period of follow-up and did not require therapy for sarcoidosis. We propose that sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of elderly patients presenting with pulmonary or multisystem disease. PMID- 3227186 TI - Ocular manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis in north India. AB - Evidence of ocular involvement was found in seven of eleven patients with histologically confirmed Wegener's granulomatosis. Pain (7/7), redness (6/7), scleritis (5/7), reduced visual acuity (5/7), episcleritis (5/7), uveitis (3/7), proptosis, sclerokeratitis and conjunctivitis (2/7) each were the major ophthalmological features. One patient each had bilateral corneoscleral ulcers, eyelid infiltration, scleromalacia perforans and epiphora. Corneal, scleral and uveal tract involvement was observed more frequently than has been described in the literature. These complications responded favourably to treatment with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. Treatment was delayed as most of these patients were diagnosed, initially, to be suffering from tuberculosis. PMID- 3227187 TI - Effect of inoculation of sarcoid tissue into athymic (nude) mice. AB - Previous reports have suggested that the inoculation of sterile homogenates of human sarcoidosis tissue produce pathological changes or death in T cell deficient mice, while other reports have challenged these results. Because of the importance of this point, the potential infectiousness of human sarcoid tissue was investigated using athymic (nude) mice. Eight tissue specimens were obtained from patients with sarcoidosis and inoculated once into a total of sixty-two nude mice. These experiments were conducted over a period of two years. The tissue specimens inoculated included biopsies of lung, lymph node and muscle. A non tissue buffer was used as a sham control and inoculated into ten nude mice. Of the eight tissue specimens, six were found to contain non-caseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Only one of these six specimens induced significant pathological changes when injected into nude mice: two mice developed reticulum cell sarcoma and one developed membranous glomerulonephritis. Five inoculations of sarcoid tissue into a new athymic mouse colony housed in resterilized cages produced no detectable pathology. Two different tissue specimens not containing sarcoid granulomas were inoculated into two groups of nude mice. Both of these specimens induced pathological changes. One mouse developed a reticulum cell sarcoma, one developed lymphoma and one developed interstitial nephritis. A saline control inoculation produced no pathology in any mice. Mortality rates were similar in sarcoid inoculated, normal tissue inoculated and saline inoculated mice. These findings suggest that if sarcoidosis has an infectious etiology, the responsible agent is not one that easily infects athymic mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227188 TI - Sarcoidosis in Kyoto (1963-1986). AB - Clinical manifestations and prognosis were studied in 554 patients with sarcoidosis diagnosed in Kyoto between 1963 and 1986. The group included a large number of patients in their 20's with BHL alone in whom the disease was detected by health screening. Since many of these patients show spontaneous clearance, corticosteroids are not only unnecessary but are possibly considered to be harmful. Symptomatic patients often showed ocular symptoms. Severe pulmonary fibrosis as reported by European and American authors was observed in only 2.5% of our patients. It is of profound interest whether such patients increase in Japan. PMID- 3227189 TI - Present status of sarcoidosis in west Greece. AB - Sarcoidosis is being increasingly recognised in Greece. The clinical spectrum and the epidemiological data of 62 sarcoid patients of the West department of Greece are analysed for the first time. These patients have been studied over the last 10 years. Young females outnumbered males. The diagnosis was histologically confirmed in all the patients. Intrathoracic involvement was present in 98% of the patients (stage I 70%, stage II 20%, stage III 10% respectively). Skin lesions were present in 65%, lymphadenopathy 26%, uveitis 21%, joints 15%, and nervous system involvement 5%. Kveim test was positive in 60% of the patients, while 60% were tuberculin negative. Steroids were used in 50%. In the initial symptoms of the diagnostic period resolution occurred in 60% of them. For the period of follow-up the mortality was 3%. PMID- 3227190 TI - Sarcoidosis and lymphoma. AB - Hodgkin's Disease may mimic sarcoidosis, as seen in this case report. PMID- 3227191 TI - Morphology of sarcoid and sarcoid-like granulomas: diagnostic and prognostic related problems. PMID- 3227192 TI - HLA and sarcoidosis. AB - Up-to-date available data on HLA and sarcoidosis suggest that: 1. HLA-B8 and -DR3 occur in association with acute form of sarcoidosis. 2. There is no "linkage" of HLA associated alleles with the disease susceptibility gene(s) in sarcoidosis. PMID- 3227193 TI - Report of one case of familial sarcoidosis. AB - Familial sarcoidosis is a quite unusual occurrence. We describe two affected sisters, in which the clinical features of the disease were fairly similar. Interestingly, the two patients and two unaffected siblings share an HLA haplotype [A10 (26); CW7; B16 (38); DRW6; DQW1] rare in Caucasians. PMID- 3227194 TI - Prednisone-induced bone loss in sarcoidosis: a risk especially frequent in postmenopausal women. AB - The incidence of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is reported in about 40 to 50% of treated patients, but it has never been extensively studied in sarcoidosis. We have studied Vertebral Cancellous Mineral Content (VCMC) of the lumbar spine by Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) in 190 normal subjects, 7 patients with sarcoid on no treatment and 64 patients with sarcoid on treatment with prednisone. As compared to the 190 normal subjects and the 7 untreated patients, VCMC was reduced in 46 of 64 patients with sarcoid on treatment with prednisone. Loss of VCMC in the patients varied directly with dose and duration of prednisone treatment. It is concluded that - in sarcoid patients and especially in postmenopausal females - long-term prednisone therapy results in bone mineral loss more frequently than elsewhere reported for other groups of patients. It is not clear if this difference is due to the sarcoidosis itself or to the better sensitivity of Computed Tomography compared to former techniques. PMID- 3227196 TI - Implementation strategies in community intervention. Report from a conference on the role of community analysis and focus groups in community intervention studies. April 1986, Stockholm, Sweden. PMID- 3227195 TI - Bone protection with salmon calcitonin (sCT) in the long-term steroid therapy of chronic sarcoidosis. AB - Prednisone-induced osteoporosis is very frequent in the long-term treatment of sarcoidosis (sarcoidosis 4:45-48, 1987). The aim of this work is to evaluate if salmon Calcitonin (sCT) is able to prevent osteopenia in the long-term. We have studied 53 patients with chronic histologically-proven sarcoidosis, all needing steroids, in a follow-up of 15 months; 20 of them were protected with sCT (100 I.U. i.m. daily for one month, then every two days for all the time of the study), 33 were unprotected. The two groups were matched for age, sex and total dose of prednisone. In order to overcome the differences of Vertebral Cancellous Mineral Content (VCMC) due to age and sex, we express VCMC in terms of Z score, i.e. the number of standard deviations above or below our normal means: initial Z score was -1.77 +/- 0.16 in the sCT group and -0.99 +/- 0.17 in the other group (P less than .05). For each subject we calculated the Mineral Loss (ML) in % of the initial value. At the end of the study ML% averaged -2.15(+/- 2.27) in the sCT protected group, and -14.11(+/- 2.08) in the unprotected group (P less than .001). We have also analysed the results limited to pts with initial Z score under -1 (19 sCT protected pts vs 18 unprotected). In these subgroups the ML% after 15 months averaged -13.62(+/- 2.9) in the unprotected group and -2.80(+/- 2.29) in the protected one (P less than .01). Finally we have studied another subgroup, i.e. 21 postmenopausal females: 9 were sCT protected, 12 were unprotected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227197 TI - Diabetes control program implementation: on the importance of staff involvement. AB - The Stockholm County Council adopted a diabetes control program in 1979. Eleven percent of the 94 PHC centers had fully implemented the program by 1983. In this study we have tried to analyse roadblocks to the implementation of the program. Twenty primary health care centers were studied through questionnaires to physicians and nurses in the centers. Ten of the centers had implemented the program and ten had not. The percentage of trained staff; work-load; and demografic factors were similar in the two groups. The two groups of centers differed significantly with regard to interaction among the staff and involvement in decision making. The results imply that the staff should be involved in the process of planning and organizing the routines needed, in order to facilitate the local implementation of a program in each unit. PMID- 3227198 TI - The community diagnosis concept--a theoretical framework for prevention in the health sector. AB - Basically the concept of community diagnosis deals with a process having distinct levels: I descriptive, II analytical and III action programs. The first level, description, in Sweden contains four dimensions: a community profile, a health risk profile, a health profile and a health service profile. The analytical level delves into organizational capabilities. A guiding principle for this level stresses the importance of community involvement. Action (Level III) is based on lay people's further involvement with the control and responsibility of health programs. The first two levels of information form the basis for the community diagnosis process which is then followed by community health action. PMID- 3227199 TI - Use of community analysis methods in community-wide intervention programs. AB - Successful implementation of large scale health intervention programs aimed at heart disease or cancer prevention require prior analysis and understanding of community structure, organization and influence networks. Systematic sociological analysis facilitates the health program entry process. Survey results are used to build acceptance, participation and to design educational programs. Specific methods used to assess the community's social configuration, organizational resources, and leadership patterns are described. Local leader identification process and participation in community advisory boards is presented. Approaches to the study of community are reviewed in the context of the Minnesota Heart Health Project, a ten year research and demonstration program to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease in three U.S.A. cities. PMID- 3227200 TI - Pawtucket Heart Health Program: the process of stimulating community change. AB - The Pawtucket Heart Health Program (PHHP) is a community-based research and demonstration project in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention located in the United States. Targeted risk factors include high blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol, cigarette smoking, obesity and sedentary living. Evaluation methods included biennial household risk factor surveys in the education and comparison communities, morbidity and mortality surveillance in hospitals serving each community, and both formative evaluation and process tracking. Intervention methods are theoretically derived from social learning theory and seek to motivate, enable and maintain individual behavior change; modify social networks; and introduce environmental change in organizations and normative shifts in the community in ways that reduce the prevalence of CVD risk factors. The intervention strategy began as an organization-based model, and has evolved into a community-wide effort in which marketing research tools and techniques are employed. In the past 4 years, over 40,000 individual contacts have been made with PHHP programs, including 1,260 persons who have volunteered their time to deliver risk factor programs. PMID- 3227201 TI - Methods of message design: experiences from the Stanford Five City Project. AB - The Stanford Five City Project (FCP) is a long-term field experiment designed to investigate the impact of a comprehensive community-wide educational effort on cardiovascular disease risk factors and on cardiovascular disease, morbidity and mortality. Five theoretical models of individual, organization and community change guide the design, development, implementation and evaluation of educational programs. Data from formative research aid in the selection of target audiences and in development of messages and programs for these audiences. These data also give feedback about the extent to which these educational products accomplished their information and behavior-change goals. Formative research data collection methods include surveys, focus groups, interviews and unobtrusive measures. This paper describes how change theories and formative research are used to the comprehensive community-wide change effort for the Stanford FCP and how examples from the FCP can be used as a model for the successful development of other social change programs. PMID- 3227202 TI - From pilot project to national implementation: experiences from the North Karelia Project. AB - The North Karelia Project started in 1972 as a response to the request of the local people. It was aimed at reducing the exceptionally high mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular diseases in the area. The Project's activities have been directed towards inducing behavioural changes amongst the entire population. Equally, the care of those already sick (such as hypertensives) has also simultaneously been reorganized. The Project has involved the whole of that society, in addition to the health care system, and has collaborated with the food industry, schools and various voluntary organizations. The most recent new activity is a programme to promote marketing of local vegetables and berries to have a substitution for dairy farming, as consumption of dairy products reduce with new dietary habits. The results are encouraging. The individually reported health behavioural changes are reflected by a clear net reduction in biological risk factors (serum cholesterol, blood pressure) compared to the reference community. Also statistics show that mortality from ischaemic heart disease has been reduced more significantly in North Karelia (-22%) than in the rest of Finland (-11%) during the period 1974-1979. The activities tested in North Karelia, and found to be feasible, have been recommended for implementation nationwide in Finland. For instance, anti-smoking activities were first tested in North Karelia before the introduction of national legislation, and experiences obtained in health education have been conveyed to other sectors of the Finnish population through national television in several programmes. The county of North Karelia continues to be a demonstration area in Finland, at present for the Integrated Programme for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases. PMID- 3227203 TI - Local health planning and intervention--the case of a Swedish municipality. AB - This article attempts to illustrate the process from community diagnosis to community involvement by a case study from the north of Sweden. The case of Norsjo is one of few documented Swedish examples of a preventive program with a broad participation from the community. The results up to now are promising and further illustrate the importance of decentralized health planning and local data. PMID- 3227204 TI - Mapping of the "intervention channels" as a part of the community diagnosis process of the Stockholm Cancer Prevention Program (SCPP). AB - The Stockholm Cancer Prevention Program is to our knowledge the first community intervention program in the world aiming of a reduction in the incidence of cancer. A community diagnosis model has been used in the planning. A thorough description of different organizations in the local communities of Stockholm has been made. A model for describing the organizations or collaborators has been worked out, including description of the organizations and its environment, objectives of activities, possible activities to reach the objectives, resources needed, incentives for collaborative partners, formative evaluation criteria and anticipated problems and solutions. The main method of description has been by use of keyperson interviews. This was found to be a good method to reach commitment to the program. PMID- 3227205 TI - The use of focus groups in health research. AB - Focus groups--informal sessions in which participants are asked to discuss their thoughts on a specific topic or product--are being used with increased frequency in health research. The following paper examines the uses, advantages, and limitations of this qualitative research technique. Also provided is a discussion of the elements comprising a focus group session including the function of the moderator and the role of participants. In addition, guidelines for analyzing focus group data are presented. The paper concludes with a detailed description of the application of focus group research to a health promotion campaign. PMID- 3227206 TI - Focus groups--some suggestions. AB - In this article, the use of focus groups in health information campaigns is discussed from a mass communication theory point of view. The authors argue that information campaigning to a large degree is suffering from a "we-know-best" type of professionalism, and that the defining of the audience, its perception of health related concepts and its needs is often done with a lack of sensitivity and empathy. Focus group discussions could be used to help the health campaigner to define relevant target groups and to test how concepts and messages are received, perceived, interpreted, understood and accepted. Focus groups can be used to help formulate concepts and arguments, to reveal counterarguments that are triggered by the campaign arguments, and to test whole information campaign units. PMID- 3227207 TI - [A practical strategy for studying hypoglycemia in adults]. PMID- 3227208 TI - [Omeprazole, a gastric proton pump inhibitor]. PMID- 3227209 TI - [Treatment of hypertension or preservation of the quality of life: is there a choice?]. PMID- 3227210 TI - [Chemoprevention of influenza]. PMID- 3227211 TI - [Hypoglycemic hemiplegia. Apropos of a case]. AB - An insulin-dependent 26-year-old woman was complaining of nocturnal attacks of transient right hemiplegia. Hypoglycemia was found to be present at the time of each attack, and further investigations showed that these neurological disorders were related to an overdose of insulin. The authors discuss the effects of hypoglycemia on the brain and the pathogenetic theory of "hypoglycemic hemiplegia", involving selective neuronal vulnerability, regional blood flow disturbances or underlying ischaemic disease. PMID- 3227212 TI - [Clinical study of 105 cases of isolated weight loss in internal medicine]. AB - We arbitrarily define "isolated weight loss" as the loss of at least 10 p. 100 of body weight over less than one year, without any single cause being disclosed by questioning, physical examination and such paraclinical examinations as blood electrolytes, blood count and differential, routine dipstick urinalysis and X-ray of the chest. Among the 105 patients we studied, the causes of isolated weight loss were: (1) psychic disorders (chiefly depression) in 60 p. 100 of the cases; (2) a variety of organic diseases in 29 p. 100, including gastrointestinal diseases (8 p. 100), cardiovascular and respiratory diseases (6 p. 100), Horton's disease (4 p. 100), Portuguese amyloidosis (1 p. 100), unexplained inflammatory syndrome (1 p. 100), endocrine disease (hyperthyroidism, 4 p. 100) and intoxication with medicines, alcohol or heroin (5 p. 100); (3) no definite cause could be found in 11 p. 100 of the cases. We suggest a diagnostic approach involving a limited number of examinations, viz.: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, measurement of transaminases, gamma GT and alkaline phosphatase enzymes, abdominal ultrasonography and ultra-sensitive TSH assay. We consider it important to switch from useless paraclinical tests to the detection and management of psychic disorders. Weight loss is a frequent motive of consultation, but its diagnostic value is often misunderstood. The purpose of this study was to provide data for the artiological diagnosis of isolated weight loss--a relatively frequent problem in internal medicine. PMID- 3227213 TI - [Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma]. PMID- 3227214 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with IgA monoclonal gammopathy and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3227215 TI - [Technic and indications of cytological punctures of the adrenal gland]. PMID- 3227217 TI - [Self medication. A survey by the General Medicine University Center of the Free University of Brussels]. PMID- 3227216 TI - [Osteoporosis in endocrine diseases]. PMID- 3227218 TI - [Acute iron poisoning in children. Apropos of 2 case reports]. PMID- 3227219 TI - [Biological and clinical effects of a new diphosphonate (chloro-4-phenyl) thiomethylene-diphosphonate in Paget's disease of bone]. PMID- 3227220 TI - Exercise-induced asthma in athletes. PMID- 3227221 TI - Cardiac and respiratory patterns in normal infants and victims of the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Victims of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have higher overall heart rates prior to death than do control infants (1). The objective of this study was to partition these heart rate differences by state and to identify any state dependent differences in heart rate variability and respiratory rate and variability. Twenty-two recordings of electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration from 16 infants who subsequently died of SIDS were compared with 66 recordings of age-matched control infants. Median cardiac and respiratory rate and variability were computed for each sleep state in each recording, and one-way analysis of variance tests were performed for each variable for infants less than 1 month and for infants greater than 1 month of age. Heart rate was higher in SIDS victims less than 1 month of age than in age-matched controls during all sleep-waking states. SIDS victims greater than 1 month showed higher heart rates during rapid eye movement sleep only. Heart rate variability was also diminished during waking in victims less than 1 month, but much of this difference could be attributed to increased heart rate. These results suggest that, as a group, SIDS victims differ physiologically from control infants and that these differences may be especially prominent during particular sleep-waking states. PMID- 3227222 TI - Effect of growth hormone treatment on sleep EEGs in growth hormone-deficient children. AB - Total sleep time, sleep stages 1-4, REM, REM latency, and sleep efficiency were analyzed in seven children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) before and after growth hormone (GH) therapy. Before GH therapy, GHD children spent 19.5% of their total sleep time in REM sleep, 9.7% in stage 1, 41.0% in stage 2, 10.0% in stage 3, and 19.7% in stage 4. GHD children had more stage 1 and 3 sleep and less REM as compared with age-matched normal children reported by Williams et al. After GH therapy was initiated, six of the seven patients had decreases in the duration of stage 3 sleep, with an average decrease of 21.8 min. The difference between stage 3 sleep before and during GH treatment was significant, with a p value of less than 0.025. When the results were expressed as the percentage of the total sleep period, the difference was also significant, (10.0 +/- 2.0 to 7.5 +/- 3.1%, mean +/- SD; p less than 0.05). No other sleep parameters were significantly affected by GH therapy. The changes observed in stage 3 sleep, non-REM sleep, and the lack of any other changes in sleep before and after GH therapy have not been described before in GH-deficient children. They differ from studies in normal humans and animals which showed that REM sleep increased with administration of growth hormone. These differences suggest that GH deficiency is associated with a specific sleep EEG anomaly that is corrected in part by GH therapy. PMID- 3227223 TI - Identifying sleep apnea from self-reports. AB - An apnea score (AS) was developed as a potential screening tool for sleep apnea. This was based on self-report questionnaire responses of 76 sleep disorder center patients and 20 sleep survey volunteers. Twenty volunteers and 23 patients (group I) comprised the initial AS development group. Their questionnaire responses were compared to polysomnographic apnea indexes (AI) and apnea plus hypopnea indexes (AHI). Stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis was used to test whether or not selected group I questionnaire responses could be used to correctly classify respondents into apnea (AI or AHI greater than 5) or nonapnea (AI, AHI less than or equal to 5) groups. Self-reports of "stops breathing during sleep," "loud snoring," and history of adenoidectomy best discriminated normal (AI less than or equal to 5) from apnea (AI greater than 5) cases. The AS derived from group I responses to these three variables was then computed for group II (n = 53). After examination of the AS results, the AS was modified to include just "stops breathing" and "loud snoring" and the AI criterion was raised to 10 per hour. This revised AS correctly identified 100% of the cases with moderate-severe sleep apnea (AI or AHI greater than 40) and 70-76% of all sleep apnea cases with AI or AHI greater than 5. Predictive accuracy was 88% for AI greater than 10. The two questions that comprise the AS should be incorporated into risk appraisal instruments or interviews to screen for sleep apnea. PMID- 3227224 TI - The development of scales to measure the experience of self-participation in sleep. AB - Recent literature suggests that how the self is represented is a cardinal aspect of the dream experience. A review of studies of phasic-tonic distinctions within rapid eye movement (REM) sleep revealed that increasing self-participation marked awakenings from phasic intervals. Five scales specifically designed to measure absorption in dreaming were compared with three scales previously shown to discriminate phasic from tonic awakenings within REM sleep. Eight reports per night (two stage REM, six stage 2) were collected from each of 20 subjects on 4 baseline nights. Awakenings were controlled for time into the REMP and time of night, correcting the methodological flaws of previous studies in this area. Scales developed to measure self-participation were able to discriminate phasic from tonic awakenings better than those already in the literature. Results are discussed in terms of the psychometric properties of the individual scales. PMID- 3227225 TI - Factor analysis of the St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire. AB - The St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire was designed to evaluate the sleep of hospital patients. To gain an understanding of possible underlying factors, the questionnaire was factor analysed using data collected from 222 hospitalised rheumatic patients. The analysis did not produce a completely clear factor structure. Two factors relating to "sleep latency" and "sleep quality" emerged more clearly than the other factors produced. These factors correspond with two sleeping state factors (ease of getting to sleep; quality of sleep) that were extracted by a previous factor analysis of the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. This suggests that the two most important aspects of subjectively perceived sleep are the process of going to sleep and the quality of sleep. PMID- 3227226 TI - Cognitive function in middle-aged snorers and controls: role of excessive daytime somnolence and sleep-related hypoxic events. AB - Association of snoring and cognitive function was studied in 46 habitually snoring men ages 41-52 years, and 60 occasionally or never-snoring control male subjects of the same age group. Sleep recordings with monitoring of apneas and hypopneas were made with the static-charge sensitive bed method. Blood oxygen saturation was measured with an oximeter and the snoring sounds were recorded with a microphone after clinical and neuropsychological assessment. A questionnaire with items on excessive daytime somnolence (EDS), sleep, and snoring quality was also used. EDS (as measured by items on the questionnaire) associated with tests requiring concentration, memory retention, and verbal and spatial skills in the habitual snorers group. The number of oxygen desaturation episodes exceeding 4% associated with defective delayed Recall of Logical Stories of the Wechsler Memory Scale and with spatial orientation (Clock test) in the habitual snorers' group even after adjusting for age and obesity. PMID- 3227228 TI - An objective behavioral model of sleep. AB - Theories and models are useful in organizing research data. This paper reviews earlier models and a recent model that combines restorative and adaptive models into a two-factor theory. A model emphasizing a three-factor model with modulators is presented as an organizing schema. PMID- 3227227 TI - Response of delta (0-3 Hz) EEG and eye movement density to a night with 100 minutes of sleep. AB - In one of a series of experiments aimed at gathering the empirical data required to formulate mathematically our recovery model of sleep, we recently (1) measured the increase in delta electroencephalogram (EEG) following one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD). We found that the delta rebound was confined to the first non-rapid eye movement period (NREM-P1) of recovery sleep; this unexpected result was documented with direct computer measurement of 0-3 Hz EEG, as well as with visual scoring of stages 3 and 4. We also found a robust decrease in eye movement density during the second and third REM periods, which we hypothesized to be due to the increased depth of recovery sleep. In the present experiment, we awakened young adult subjects after 100 min of sleep, a duration that includes the first cycle for this age group, and analyzed visual and computer measures of delta and eye movement density during recovery sleep. We again found eye movement density to be significantly reduced in REM-P2 and P3, but to a lesser degree than after total sleep deprivation, a condition that may be presumed to produce a greater increase in sleep depth. Delta increases were again limited to the first cycle, although all subjects completed this cycle on the 100-min night. The major difference between recovery sleep patterns following the total deprivation and the 100-min sleep conditions was that 0-3-Hz wave amplitude increased significantly after the former, but not after the latter. In both studies, recovery sleep showed increased 0-3-Hz wave density. The neurophysiological implications of a response of EEG amplitude as opposed to wave density are briefly considered; separate measurement of these variables is more readily accomplished with period-amplitude than with spectral analysis. Our results further illustrate the importance of measuring sleep by physiological units, such as the successive NREMPs and REMPs. They also support other data that indicate that NREM-P1 plays a special role in human sleep: it responds selectively to sleep deprivation, shows the greatest ontogenetic variation across the human lifespan, and is the component of sleep that is most frequently abnormal in psychiatric patients. As we have long argued, it is inappropriate to conceptualize this high priority component of NREM sleep as "REM latency" and as a measure of REM "pressure" exclusively. PMID- 3227229 TI - The Surgeon General's report on nutrition and health. PMID- 3227230 TI - Surgeon General's report on nutrition and health. Summary and recommendations. PMID- 3227231 TI - Studies on the effect of short term, high dose praziquantel treatment against protoscoleces of ovine and equine Echinococcus granulosus within the cyst, and in vitro. AB - Protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus were subjected to high concentrations of praziquantel (10-1000 micrograms/ml medium or cyst fluid) for a short, 10 min duration in vitro or in situ within cysts. Drug efficacy was then monitored either by in vitro culture in drug-free medium and/or by passage into rodents. The in vitro test of effectiveness suggested that ovine-derived protoscoleces were more sensitive than those of equine origin, and that the in vitro method of treatment was more successful than that performed in situ. However, the subsequent passage of treated protoscoleces, whether immediately after in situ or in vitro exposure or after culture in drug-free medium, indicated that the in situ administration was as effective as the in vitro treatment. Both methods reduced cyst burdens in rodents to 9-15% of control infections. PMID- 3227232 TI - Antifilarial activities of benzazole derivatives. 2. Microfilaricidal effects against Litomosoides carinii, Acanthocheilonema. vitae, Brugia malayi and B. pahangi in Mastomys natalensis. AB - The spectrum of antimicrofilarial activities of eighteen 2-tertbutylbenzazole derivatives was evaluated comparatively in Mastomys natalensis infected with Litomosoides carinii, Acanthocheilonema viteae, Brugia malayi or B. pahangi. The minimal effective dose (DEM) against microfilariae (greater than 95% reduction of microfilariae counts in the peripheral blood) was determined on day 3 (DEM-3), on day 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 (DEM-7, DEM-14, DEM-21, DEM-28 and DEM-42) after the first treatment. All compounds were effective against the microfilariae of all 4 species. The benzoxazole derivatives were invariably less potent than the corresponding benzothiazole analogues. Upon repeated oral treatment (once daily [o.d.] for five days) the DEM-7 of the benzoxazoles varied depending on the species and on the chemical structure between 25 mg/kg o.d. x 5 and greater than 100mg/kg o.d. x 5 days. Within the benzothiazole series the DEM-7 varied between 6.25 mg/kg o.d. x 5 and 100 mg/kg x 5. In all but 5 of the 40 parasite-compound combinations of the benzothiazoles the 5-methoxy-derivates were more effective than the 5-methyl analogues. Similar differences were found with the eight benz oxazoles tested. The lowest DEM-7 was observed with compound CGP 20308 which is 2 tert-butyl-5-methoxy-6-isothio-cyanatobenzothiazole and with compound CGP 20376 which is 3-(2-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-benzothiazol-6-yl] amino-thiocabo-nylthio) propionic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227233 TI - The effect of diethylcarbamazine on the in vitro serum-mediated adherence of feline granulocytes to microfilariae of Brugia pahangi. AB - The effect of the antifilarial drug diethylcarbamazine (DEC) on immunologically mediated destruction of the microfilariae (mf) of Brugia pahangi in vitro is addressed by studying the drug's influence on the granulocyte adherence to the surface of mf and the subsequent death of these parasites. DEC enhanced the adherence of cat blood-derived granulocytes to the surface of mf through the meditation of cuticle direct antibodies but not that mediated by complement alone; the parasites became immobilized and degenerated subsequent to cell adherence. The rate of cell adherence in the antibody-containing cultures was enhanced by DEC. As previously reported, this drug had no direct effect on the viability of the parasites. Preincubation of the cells in DEC had a greater effect on cell adherence than did preincubating the parasites in the drug, thus supporting the contention that this antifilarial compound may act on host components. Further investigation of this possibility may contribute significantly to a more complete understanding of why DEC can cause severe side reactions in filariae infected patients. PMID- 3227234 TI - Prenatal sensitisation in experimental filariasis: observations on Acanthocheilonema viteae infections in mice. AB - The probability that in utero exposure to filarial antigens may influence the outcome of a subsequent infection has been investigated using a laboratory model whereby BALB/c mice are implanted with adult, female Acanthocheilonema viteae in order to generate a high-level, long lasting microfilaraemia. When infected using this procedure, BALB/c and (BALB/c x B10) F1 mice can be defined as susceptible and resistant respectively in terms of the microfilaraemia produced. By using microfilaraemic BALB/c mice as mothers, BALB/c and F1 offspring were exposed to the possibility of in utero infection. The finding of microfilariae in foetal tissues and their presence in the blood of two week old mice confirmed the transplacental transmission of parasites in both cases, BALB/c and F1 progeny born to microfilaraemic mothers failed to support a full infection from the L3 stage; similarly, progeny implanted with female worms were as sus-ceptible and resistant respectively as unexposed BALB/c and F1 controls. Spleen cells from in utero exposed, two week old BALB/c and F1 mice recognised filarial antigens in lymphocyte proliferation assays, as did their microfilaraemic mothers. In Western Blot studies, sera from such mice and from foetal, in utero exposed BALB/c mice recognised the same spectrum of A. viteae antigens as their mothers, which strongly suggests the transplacental transfer of maternal antibody. These results demonstrate that the A. viteae-mouse model may be useful in studying transplacental transmission and prenatal sensitisation in experimental filariasis. PMID- 3227235 TI - Quantitating histamine in the saliva and salivary glands of two Palaearctic blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae). AB - Saliva was collected from females of Boophthora erythrocephala (Simulium erythrocephalum) and Wilhelmia lineata (S. lineatum) as they were feeding on a saline-ATP solution through an artificial silicone membrane. The histamine content of the saliva was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amount of histamine salivated by B. erythrocephala (2.9 ng/individual when feeding to repletion) was more than four times that released by W. lineata (0.7 ng/individual). For both species, the quantity of histamine salivated increased with duration of feeding and partially with the age of females. The proportion of histamine retaines by in vitro fed W. lineata averaged 36.1% W. lineata females engorged on saline-ATP solution, or stimulated for feeding with the same medium, produced significantly more hist-amine than died unstimulated flies. PMID- 3227236 TI - Chemoprophylactic action of a substituted methyl benzimidazole carbamate against experimental nematode infections. AB - The prophylactic action of a substituted methylbenzimidazole carbamate was investigated against experimental nematode infections. The compound at the dose of 100 mg/kg x 1, i.m., protected hamsters against Ancylostoma ceylanicum for about 45 days and at 500 mg/kg x 1 protected rats against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis for 28 days. The uteri of female worms recovered from treated animals were devoid of ova so long the compound had considerable phophylactic action. In case of A. ceylanicum the compound exerted lethal action on L4 stage and in N. brasiliensis, mild action was noticed on L4 which became more pronounced on L5. The reference drugs, mebendazole and thiabendazole, had weaker prophylactic action. PMID- 3227237 TI - The Onchocerca nodule and the adult filariae: normal structure, changes during chemotherapy and optimal recovery of worm material. Proceedings of a scientific workshop, Hamburg, FRG, 29 June-3 July 1987. PMID- 3227238 TI - Deep onchocercomata close to the thigh bones of a Liberian patient. AB - During nodulectomies on a 53 year old Liberian woman, multiple onchocercomata were detected on the femur distal to the greater trochanter on both sides of the body. The nodules were attached to the periosteum. This location along the shaft of the thigh bone provides a further hint as to where clinically undetectable deep onchocercomata can be located. PMID- 3227239 TI - Effects of nodulectomy in onchocerciasis in Ecuador. AB - Nodulectomies were performed in a hypoendemic area on the Rio Santiago and in a hyperendemic area on the River Cayapas. All palpable nodules were removed. In the hypoendemic area the nodulectomies had a positive effect in reducing the intensity of infections and they contributed in the control of the advancement of the disease. In the hyperendemic area also a positive effect was observed but new nodules developed rapidly. PMID- 3227240 TI - The morphology of adult Onchocerca volvulus based on electron microscopy. AB - The fine structures of male and female O. volvulus are described. The sexual dimorphism and the age dependent modifications are mentioned in particular. The cuticle of the male worm consists of more layers than that of the female. The epicuticle of the male is wrinkled, whereas the epicuticle of the female forms protuberances. The outer membrane of the hypodermis is folded to form lamellae, which are associated with a layer of mitochondria. The female worms have only small somatic muscle cells. The intestinal cells are filled with concentric spherules, and the intestinal lumen is reduced. Various types of age dependent alterations of the fine structures are observed. The electron density of the cytoplasm changes. The interspace between basal lamina and cell membrane increases, the number of organelles is reduced and specific structures are decomposed whereas the number of granules, vacuoles and lipid droplets increases with age and the laminae and the cuticle thicken. These age dependent modifications might resemble drug induced alterations. PMID- 3227241 TI - Proposed form to evaluate some histological aspects of macrofilarial morphology, its age dependent alterations and drug related changes in nodules of Onchocerca volvulus and O. gibsoni. AB - Histological assessment of drug-related pathomorphological changes in macrofilariae of the two nodule forming species Onchocerca gibsoni and O. volvulus is hampered by the variability of age-dependent signs of natural degeneration and the virtual inexistence of clinically established reference medicaments. A specific form was designed to record systematically all characteristics observed in the various organs, tissues, cell types and developmental stages inside normal and drug-affected macrofilariae. Its tabular format permits the synoptic presentation of the findings in all female and male macrofilariae from a particular treated or untreated individual. The proposed form enumerates thirty eight morphological characteristics subdivided into the six subunits cuticle, hypodermis, longitudinal muscle, genital tract, pseudocoelomic cavity and intestinal tract (gut). The normal morphology of sexually mature and productive male and female O. volvulus is described and illustrated by photomicrographs. The cuticle of the male is wrinkled and forms regular striations strictly transverse to the body's longitudinal axis. The longitudinal muscles are well developed and cover almost 100% of the circumference at the anterior and posterior end. Towards the mid-body region the muscular portion diminishes to 50-60% and is replaced there by the very voluminous lateral hypodermic chords. The male genital tract originates with its distal end of the testis close to the anterior end and runs through almost the entire body very close to the posterior end. Spermatogenesis is clearly synchronized and the various development stages are arranged in strict sequential order inside the genital tract. Each type of gonosomal cell may thus serve as a marker of the respective region of the body. The same applies for females where the paired genital tubes run through almost the entire length of the body until the two uteri unite to form a short unpaired vagina. Each of the two reproductive tracts originates at different levels in the posterior part of the female. Because of this, two distinct stages of the sexual products are normally present in sections of the two uteri in the various parts of the female macrofilariae. Towards the anterior end identical stages of embryos may be found. The wide uteri narrow shortly before the vaginal junction to less than 40 microns in the very anterior part of the body. This part is characterized by the voluminous lateral chords of hypodermis and the well developed longitudinal muscles covering greater than 50% of the circumference. Drug-related changes come to light first in this part of the female's body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3227242 TI - Vascular perfusion of Onchocerca volvulus nodules. AB - Perfusion of the vascular bed was achieved in 24 freshly excised nodules of Onchocerca volvulus varying from 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter. India Ink, Microfil polymer, or acrylate perfusates were passed through the vascular supply via cannulation of superficial capsular vessels. After clearing in glycerol or methyl salicylate, or KOH corrosion in the case of the acrylate, nodules were examined microscopically. Small nodules had an extensive blood supply, diffusely distributed throughout the nodule matrix, and in close association with the coils of the worms. In bigger nodules the central area appeared more dense, and intense vascularization appeared to be more peripheral; in the largest nodules the central core was not well vascularized, but a band of heavy vascularization was seen at the margin of the core, fed by superficial vessels and in close contact with worm coils. Very fine branches of the vascular tree were perfused by all three contrast media, but histologically there was evidence of incomplete filling of the smallest vessels. However, there was no extravasation of per-fusates around parasites, even where the approximation between between vessels and parasite surfaces was close. The possibility is considered that O. volvulus may control blood vessel proliferation by release of angiogenesis factors, analogous to rapidly growing solid tumors. PMID- 3227243 TI - Investigations of enzymatically isolated male Onchocerca volvulus: qualitative and quantitative aspects of spermatogenesis. AB - A simple technique for the identification of the different spermatogenetic stages of Onchocerca volvulus is described. It is practicable for large-scale examinations in the field. The reproductivity of male worm populations can be assessed and directly correlated with the corresponding female worm populations. The activity of male filariae decreases with the increasing age of the worm population. Only few male worms transmit spermatozoa during mating, but spermatogenesis is continous also in very old male individuals. These old male filariae store high numbers of spermatozoa and cease their migration between the nodules. PMID- 3227244 TI - In vitro maintenance of Onchocerca volvulus for harvest of excretory and secretory products. AB - Recommendations are given for maintenance of female Onchocerca volvulus; conditions as standardized here for drug screening and harvest of secreted excreted products resulted in survival of worms in culture medium for up to four and six weeks in absence and presence of serum, respectively. As parameter for viability of worms lactate excretion was determined beside control of motility. PMID- 3227245 TI - Handling of Onchocerca volvulus nodules and isolated worms for immunologic studies. PMID- 3227246 TI - The fine structure of male and female Onchocerca gibsoni. AB - The fine structures of the midbody regions of male and female Onchocerca gibsoni are described. The epicuticle is wrinkled in the male, and forms long protuberances in the female worm. The lateral chords of the female specimens contain many bacteria and dense bodies. In both sexes the intestinal cells are filled with concentric spherules and the intestinal lumen is extremely reduced. The fine structures of O. gibsoni are very similar to those of O. volvulus. PMID- 3227247 TI - Reproduction in female Onchocerca gibsoni. AB - The embryonic stages in the uteri of adult female Onchocerca gibsoni were studied to determine the reproductive potential of this worm. It was concluded that female O. gibsoni undergo cyclic phases of reproduction, each lasting about 14.5 weeks. Once insemination occurred and a cycle commenced, the rate of embryonic development was reasonably constant irrespective of the age of the worm. Mature young females had fewer embryos than older females but both contained a similar proportion (about 19%) of abnormal embryos. In comparison to the older female worms, a greater proportion of mature young females were in the early phase of a reproductive cycle and fewer were actively reproducing. This difference was considered to be due to a greater access of males to older than to recently mature females. There were marked similarities between these observations with O. gibsoni and those reported for O. volvulus, providing further evidence of the usefulness of O. gibsoni as a model for O. volvulus. PMID- 3227248 TI - An evaluation of implanted male Onchocerca gibsoni in mice as a screen for macrofilaricides against Onchocerca volvulus. AB - An in vivo drug screen for identifying new compounds with activity against Onchocerca macrofilariae was developed using male Onchocerca gibsoni implanted subcutaneously in outbred mice. There were several similarities (Mel W, CGP 20376, CGP 6140, levamisole) and two differences (suramin, furapyrimidone) between levels of drug efficacy in this model and activity against natural infections of O. gibsoni and O. volvulus. There was considerable variation in the mouse reaction. This mouse model is a potentially useful primary screen for macrofilaricidal drugs against Onchocerca. PMID- 3227249 TI - Comparative effects of anthelmintics on motility in vitro of Onchocerca gutturosa, Brugia pahangi and Acanthocheilonema viteae. AB - The effects of standard anthelmintics on the motor activity in vitro of adult Onchocerca gutturosa, Brugia pahangi and Acanthocheilonema viteae were determined using a micromotility meter. Fresh adult males dissected from bovine tissues were the best source for observations on O. gutturosa. Parasites liber-ated by collagenase digestion showed poor viability and motility. Only segments of O. gutturosa females were obtainable by dissection and these were not able to sustain motility in vitro. Adult males and females of O. volvulus were active after collagenase digestion of human nodular tissue, but behaved so irregularly that satisfactory monitoring of their movements with the meter was not possible on a regular enough basis to permit quantitation of drug-induced changes. Inhibitory effects on motility of O. gutturosa, B. pahangi and A. viteae were produced by anthelmintics which showed macrofilaricidal effects in vivo in a laboratory rodent model, with the exception of the benzimidazoles. O. gutturosa was, however, much more sensitive than B. pahangi or A. viteae to the temporary paralyzing effects of levamisole and pyrantel. The utility of in vitro screening against O. gutturosa and B. pahangi was evaluated by determining the discriminatory capacity of the tests in detecting novel compounds with reproducible in vivo activity in the jird-B. pahangi/A. viteae model. The results suggested that this would be a valuable selective screening procedure. Although false positives were detected at the rate of 15-17% of the novel anthelmintic chemical series tested, no false negatives were allowed through the screen provided both O. gutturosa and B. pahangi were included.2= PMID- 3227250 TI - Overview and evaluation of the hearing imparied child. Imaging and audiology. IV International Symposium on Audiological Medicine. Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, 8-13 November 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3227251 TI - Auditory P3 development in childhood. AB - Fifty one subjects aged six to fourteen years old were studied in an "auditory oddball" event-related potential (ERP) paradigm. Our results found P3 as the most consistent component of ERPs since childhood, although a great variability in the latency of this component was found at six years old. An additional group of adults (19-23 years old) was included as a reference group. Separate age/P3 latency linear regressions were computed for subjects 6-14 and 6-23 years old. Our data shows in both groups a significant negative correlation between age and P3 latency. The age/P3 latency slope for the subjects under 15 years old was 19.00 msec/year, versus -8.15 msec/year for all the subjects (6-23 y/o). Our results indicate that P3 latency during childhood decreases with age reaching an asyntote after or during the second decade of life. A significant age/P3 latency curvilinear relationship was found from six to twenty three years old. PMID- 3227252 TI - Electronystagmographic findings in profoundly hearing-impaired children. AB - Electronystamographic recordings revealed spontaneous or positional nystagmus in 62 (43%) of 144 profoundly hearing-impaired children. Uni-or bilaterally depressed caloric reactions were found in 78 (54%) subjects. Caloric reactions were significantly lower when the cause of deafness was of perinatal or postnatal origin. Depressed caloric reactions were common findings (81%) in the group with poorest hearing (greater than 100 dB ISO). The examination revealed a high incidence of partial vestibular damage in children attending schools for the deaf and it stresses the need for rehabilitation in this field, as well. PMID- 3227253 TI - Initial experience with children using the Nucleus 22 Channel cochlear implant. AB - The Nucleus 22 Channel cochlear prosthesis developed by the University of Melbourne and Cochlear Pty Ltd is now being used in over 90 clinics worldwide, in fourteen countries and fifteen languages. A total of thirty adolescents and thirty-nine children have now been implanted in Australia, America and more recently Germany. There have been no significant postoperative complications, and the device has been successfully programmed in children as young as two years nine months. Comprehensive evaluation and training programs are being undertaken with each implanted child to assess long term development of speech perception and communication skills. The average postoperative stimulation time for most of the children implanted is around 3 months, so as yet, little data has been recorded on these patients. However, the two original children implanted in Melbourne have now been using their speech processors in excess of 18 months. The focus of this paper will be on the performance of these two children. PMID- 3227255 TI - Strategies for treatment of the hearing impaired child. AB - The goal of medical, educational and social intervention in the hearing impaired child is outlined. The results and suitability of the present available strategies are evaluated and it is stressed that a coordinated individualized effort must be planned according to audiological personal and social resources. PMID- 3227254 TI - The role of cochlear implants in deaf children. AB - Advances in technology regarding cochlear implantation and electroacoustic stimulation of the inner ears of deaf children has created cautious enthusiasm. The safety of cochlear implantation is now reasonably well established and language performance measures made over time are encouraging. When coupled with an effective (re)habilitation program, the cochlear implant promises to favorably influence the potential of deafened children. PMID- 3227256 TI - Epidemiology of hearing impairment in childhood. AB - Consensus about the etiology and prevalence of childhood hearing loss (HL) is difficult to discern. Genuine effects, such as those attributable to environment, are obscured by inconsistencies in data collection and analysis techniques. Prevalence, for example, depends upon test type, hearing loss criteria and age at evaluation. An etiologic classification which clarifies the interaction between time of insult, causation and time of expression of hearing loss is proposed and used for selective review. Much sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is of unknown cause. Where the cause is known, genetic causes are common, and influenced by consanguinity. Infectious causes of HL reflect seasonal and epidemic fluctuation, as well as geographic and temporal variation. Non-infectious causes vary more closely with differences in the environment and level of health care. In the western world, the most common cause of conductive hearing loss (CHL) is serous otitis media. In many developing regions, middle ear disease abounds and often is of the dangerous cholesteatomatous type. Certain populations are intermediate, with acute suppurative and chronic otitis media being almost endemic, yet rarely cholesteatomatous. PMID- 3227257 TI - The role of a hearing impaired clinic in pediatric otology. AB - The diagnosis and management of hearing impairment in children is most effectively accomplished through the cooperative efforts of a team of skilled professionals. At Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, patients who are identified with a sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) are referred to the Hearing Impaired Clinic for evaluation and therapy. The clinic functions under the supervision of a nurse coordinator and includes representatives from pediatric audiology, pediatric otolaryngology, educational audiology, social services, speech pathology and psychology. Consultative services which are frequently employed are neurotology, human genetics and neuroradiology. An overview of our institution's experience with this system is presented. PMID- 3227258 TI - Effects of early hearing impairment on childhood development. PMID- 3227259 TI - Imaging contribution to temporal bone anatomy. AB - The research programme at the Department of Otoradiology, Uppsala, has been directed towards radio-anatomic investigation of various structures of the temporal bone, such as the jugular fossa, the facial canal, the aqueducts, the internal acoustic meatus, and the extent of pneumatization. Deep-frozen temporal bone specimens have been examined by CT and multidirectional tomography in different projections. After that plastic casts have been prepared. The method allows assessment of the anatomic variations of the structures under study, and also an estimate of the reliability of radiographic reproduction. The resolution capability of CT allows satisfactory reproduction of both inner and middle ear structures. Of the ossicles the malleus and incus with their ligaments are regularly visualized. On rare occasions even the stapes can be reproduced. PMID- 3227260 TI - Imaging contributions to the temporal bone anatomy (high jugular fossae). AB - A high jugular fossa, above the lower border of the round window, sometimes with a diverticulum-like protrusion from the top, was found in 23% of an unselected material, usually associated with low pneumatization. They were more common in the right than the left temporal bone. The high jugular fossa has a varying anatomy and its topographic relationship has been evaluated. The laterally situated fossa could be dehiscent to the tympanic cavity and intrude upon the round window or the ossicles. The high, medial fossa encroached in some cases upon structures in the inner ear, such as the vestibule, the cochlear and vestibular aqueducts, the posterior semicircular canal, the cochlea or the mastoid portion of the facial canal and this was considered in relation to the symptoms in a clinical material. PMID- 3227261 TI - Central vestibulocochlear pathology: role of MRI and CT. AB - Hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness and disequilibrium are frequent complaints of patients with labyrinthine and retrolabyrinthine lesions. The objective of a neurotological examination is to establish the presence and location of a lesion, whether it is labyrinthine (cochlear or vestibular) or intracranial. On the basis of neurotological and vestibular results, provided by neurotologist or otolaryngologist, if a retrocochlear or retrovestibular lesion is suspected, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) study of the head is obtained with particular attention to the acoustic nerve and posterior fossa. MR and CT are exceedingly helpful to identify the extraaxial and intra-axial lesions involving the vestibulocochlear nerves and their central pathways. The appearances on MR and CT scans of varied pathological entities involving the central vestibulocochlear pathways are reviewed and illustrated. PMID- 3227262 TI - Auditory brain map, effects of age. AB - Brain maps of late auditory evoked cortical potentials were obtained with the Brain Atlas III system in school-aged children and adults. All subjects were judged as neurologically normal, right-handed, and having normal hearing. The stimulus was a 100 ms burst of 500 Hz pure tone at 75 dB HL presented separately to the left and right ear. The results showed a frontoparietal maximum of negative activity corresponding to N1 and designated as the focus of N1 (FN1). FN1 had latencies of 108 ms (left stimulation (stim] and 113 ms (right stim) and amplitudes of -6.0 microV (left stim) and -4.8 microV (right stim) in children and a latency of 90 ms and an amplitude of -6.5 microV in adults. Among the children, more had ipsilateral than contralateral FN1, usually on the right side. The distance between the centers of gravity of FN1s obtained on stimulation of the two ears was significantly smaller in the maps of children than adults (p less than 0.01). The present findings indicated that the topography of the electrical activity changes during adolescence. PMID- 3227263 TI - Topographic brain mapping of middle latency auditory evoked potentials in normal subjects. AB - Topographic brain mapping of auditory middle latency evoked responses (MLR) were obtained from 20 subjects (10 males and 10 females), all right-handed and with normal pure tone audiograms. Clicks with alternative polarity, with a rate of 7.7/sec. were delivered at an intensity of 75 dB HL monoaurally to both ears. Responses from 21 channels were amplified and band-pass filtered (3-150). All the surface maps were analyzed with a Bio-Logic Brain Atlas III system. MLR maps obtained show a quite small intrasubjective variability at the latencies of the principal components Na and Pa. The grand averages of MLR maps at the corresponding latencies in males and females were compared each other. All the entire temporal window has been segmented into some subepochs, showing similar spatial characteristics of the maps, like location of maxima and minima and, overall, shape. PMID- 3227264 TI - Physiological activation of the human cerebral cortex during auditory perception and speech revealed by regional increases in cerebral blood flow. AB - Specific types of brain activity as sensory perception auditory, somato-sensory or visual -or the performance of movements are accompanied by increases of blood flow and oxygen consumption in the cortical areas involved with performing the respective tasks. The activation patterns observed by measuring regional cerebral blood flow CBF after intracarotid Xenon-133 injection are reviewed with emphasis on tests involving auditory perception and speech, and approach allowing to visualize Wernicke and Broca's areas and their contralateral homologues in vivo. The completely atraumatic tomographic CBF methods, that are based of the use of radioactive tracers, can be applied in the same manner for mapping cortex activity. In particular single photon tomography SPECT is readily applicable to clinical audiology, so that the cortical components of the auditory processing can be more closely investigated. PMID- 3227265 TI - Radioanatomy of cochlear and stapedial otosclerosis. AB - Otospongiosis of the otic capsule is a primary focal disease, which can be reproduced by both conventional multidirectional tomography and computed tomography. The final stage of otospongiosis, otosclerosis has a complete different appearance in radiography. When the otospongiosis focus is located at the oval window a progressive conductive hearing loss will result, which in its final stage will have the character of otosclerosis with fixation of the stapes in the oval window. The radiographic diagnosis with either conventional multidirectional tomography or CT is more or less pathognomonic and will easily confirm the audiologic examinations results. The diagnosis of otospongiosis by computed tomography is advantageous to conventional tomography. With both methods high resolution technique is mandatory for safeguarding both diagnosis and evaluation of the extent of the lesion. Minor otospongiotic or otosclerotic lesions of the oval window with fixation of the footplate are still a challenge to high resolution radiographic imaging. In most cases stapedial otosclerosis is advantageously diagnosed by otoscopy and audiometry. High resolution radiographic imaging is a valuable confirmative method to corroborate clinical diagnoses and differentiating the disease from other conditions based on other morphologic lesions. PMID- 3227266 TI - Cholesteatomas of the temporal bone. Preoperative C-T versus peroperative findings. AB - In a series of 25 ears with chronic otitis media the correlation between findings obtained by preoperative C-T of the temporal bone and observations made at surgery was evaluated. The study was performed "blindly", i.e., neither the radiologist nor the surgeon had any knowledge of the other's findings. Cholesteatoma prediction varied with location. Similar observations were made in respect to granulation tissue and erosions. A relatively high percentage of false positives and false negatives was found even in this rather small sample. To obtain better results by C-T, close co-operation and exchange of information between clinician and radiologist appears necessary, along with an explorative attico-antrotomy as a regular part of the operation. PMID- 3227267 TI - Correlations between meatocisternography and audiological tests in suspected eight nerve tumors. AB - 92 cases of suspected eight nerve tumors are analysed. Correlations between the findings in audiological and vestibular tests, patient histories and findings in conventional x-ray examinations and on the other hand those obtained in meatocisternography with air contrast in computerized tomography are drawn in order to see whether specific features of audiological tests can predict the meatocisternographic finding. The cases with positive findings are verified at surgery. PMID- 3227269 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high resolution computertomography (HRCT) in cochlear implant candidates. AB - Cochlear implant candidates must be thoroughly tested for their suitability pre operatively. Electrical and electrophysiological tests as well as a psychological assessment are of fundamental importance in the selection process. The implantation of an intracochlear electrode requires specific information about the anatomy of the petrous bone and the endocochlear space. Such information can be obtained by using high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a surface coil. Over three years 438 patients were evaluated in our clinic as possible implant candidates. Out of these candidates 251 were evaluated using HRCT and 123 using MRI. In 39 (15.5%) cases we found bony abnormalities of the petrous bone using HRCT scans. 17 (13.8%) of the cases evaluated with MRI had no complete fluid filled spaces in the cochlea. Three patients who where identified as having ossified cochleas were subsequently implanted with an extracochlear device. MRI and HRCT have proved to be fundamental tools in determining patients suitable for implantation of an intracochlear electrode array. PMID- 3227268 TI - Auditory evoked potentials test battery related to magnetic resonance imaging for multiple sclerosis patients. AB - The results of the recording of the Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR) in 32 patient with "definite" multiple sclerosis (MS) according to Poser et al. (1983) were contrasted with the brain stem anatomic lesions evidenced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and with the neurologic signs and symptoms found at clinical examination (BS). Twenty-one patients showed ABR abnormalities (65.5%); in 15 cases MRI visualized demyelinization plaques in the brain stem (46.8%); 12 patients had neurological signs of brain stem involvement (37.5%) at the time of the electrophysiological and radiological assessment. When the observation was restricted to the group of 21 patients with past or present BS neurological signs, ABR sensitivity resulted 81% (17/21), while MRI obtained a value of 57% (12/21). PMID- 3227271 TI - Otoneurophysiologic diagnosis of vascular disturbances in the central nervous system. AB - 103 consecutive patients attending the Visby County Hospital due to vertiginous symptoms were included in the present study. All patients underwent conventional audiometric investigation, brainstem audiometry (ABR), electronystagmography including spontaneous, -gaze-, and positional nystagmus in darkness and under fixation, caloric tests with and without ocular fixation, pendular smooth pursuit test and saccade analyses. Optokinetic nystagmus-test and visual evoked potential recording were performed in some of the patients. Half of the patients underwent CT brain-scan. Abnormal otoneurophysiologic findings suggesting a central origin (pons, mesencephalon, cerebellum) was noted in 55% of the cases. CT brainscan displayed acoustic neuromas in three patients and a cerebellar affection in three patients. Otherwise the CT-scan was normal in the examined patients. In the present investigation the most sensitive tests for diagnosing disorders of central origin resulting in vertiginous symptoms were found to be the brainstem audiometry and smooth pursuit testing. In only two patients the results of the otoneurophysiologic examinations was found to be normal despite a convincing history suggesting a central nervous system disorder. PMID- 3227270 TI - Borrelia infection in patients with vertigo and sensorineural hearing loss. AB - Tick-borne Borrelia infection gives rise to symptoms from different organs. Neurologic manifestations are common. The aim of this study was to evaluate to what extent the cochleovestibular functions are involved in this disease. A total of 73 patients with vertigo were studied. The patients had Meniere-like conditions, positional vertigo or unilateral loss of the vestibular function. Antibodies in serum to the Borrelia spirochete were determined in the acute and convalescent periods. Ten patients, 14 per cent, had serological evidence of Borreliosis. All these patients had severe vertigo and four of them had sensorineural hearing loss, furthermore they had positional nystagmus and the nystagmus showed patterns of both central and/or peripheral vestibular lesions. Treatment with high doses of penicillin-G was favourable in five of the patients with vertigo and in one patient with sensorineural hearing loss. Borrelia infection is an etiological factor which should be considered in patients suffering from vertigo and/or sensorineural hearing loss of unknown origin. PMID- 3227272 TI - Hearing disabled children--epidemiology and identification. AB - An investigation of hearing disabled children was performed in the Copenhagen City and County in order to: evaluate the prevalence and incidence of congenital/early acquired hearing disability and delineate any change in these parameters compared to the 1970'ies; evaluate the time of identification of the hearing impaired child; indicate who first suspects the child's hearing disability. It was demonstrated that the prevalence of hearing aid treated children had been reduced with 40-42%, however, the incidence was unchanged 0.13%. An annual variance of 0.06-0.20% was present. No significant difference in the incidence was found between the two geografical areas. The median age at identification was 15-18 months, and only 32-48% of the hearing disabled children had been identified at the age of 1 year, showing an improvement in comparison to the 15-16% identified at the same age in the 1970'ies. Children, who could be registered as auditory at-risk were not identified earlier than the non-at-risk children. In 57-67% of the children the parents were the first to suspect the hearing disability. On the basis of the investigation it is concluded that the incidence of congenital/early acquired hearing disability in children is unchanged over a 10 year period, and that a delayed identification of these children is present although an improvement in the early identification has taken place. PMID- 3227273 TI - Audiologic evaluation in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. AB - We have carried out a hearing study with pure tone audiometry and ABR of 39 patients affected by hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy or Charcot-Marie Tooth disease. We have noticed a hearing deficiency in a significant percentage of cases (28%). We attribute the abnormalities to disorders in the area of the VIIIth nerve and of the brainstem. No significant differences appear in the results obtained between patients belonging to type I and patients belonging to type II of this disease. PMID- 3227274 TI - Speech intelligibility in difficult signal/noise circumstances. AB - In practice, subjects wearing ear protectors often give contradictory statements about the possible distorting effects of ear protectors. We tried to simulate some difficult background circumstances by arranging five different signal/background noise combinations (five S/N ratios). Speech discrimination tests made in these circumstances with and without ear protectors could reflect the real capacity to understand orders or messages in difficult hearing situations. 52 Finnish speaking conscripts with normal hearing from 18 to 24 years age were selected to participate in the test on a day without any noisy training duties. The test words in the Finnish speech discrimination test in combination with corresponding white noise were produced by equipment consisting of a high quality tape recorder, an audiometer, an amplifier and loud speakers. The test were performed individually in free field in a sound proof room in the Hearing Centre of the University Central Hospital of Oulu. The subjects listened to the test words with all the S/N ratios [S/N = 60/70, 55/70, 65/70, 60/75 and 65/75 dB (A)] with and without ear protectors. At the signal/noise ratios 60/70 and 60/75 dB the words were perceived relatively poorly with and without hearing protectors. At the signal/noise levels of 65/70 and 65/75 dB the protectors turned out to produce highly significantly better word discrimination. At the signal/noise level of 55/70 dB the discrimination is very poor in both cases but significantly better without ear protectors. PMID- 3227275 TI - Latency of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and head size. Evidence of the relationship by means of radiographic data. AB - The role of head size to determine the inter-subject variability of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) was investigated in 32 normally hearing adults (19 females, 13 males, aged 18 to 52). The ABRs were evaluated in respect to the absolute latency of waves I, III and V and the interpeak latencies I-III, III-V and I-V. Plain films of the skull (3 views) were also taken of each subject and several measures were calculated in order to obtain an evaluation of the dimensions of both the most rostral parts of the skull and of the posterior fossa. The radiographic data as well as the ABR parameters showed significantly shorter values in females than in males. There was a strong positive correlation between the two variables when a linear regression procedure was applyed. The highest value of the correlation coefficient (r = 0.8) was found in the relationship between the wave V latency and the posterior fossa measures. High r values and similar factors in the regression equation were also found after considering the subjects separately according to sex. These results show that the ABR latencies linearly increase together with the skull size as it appears in the X-rays, regardless of the subject's sex. We can consequently deduce that the length of the neural pathway is the main factor of inter-sex variability of the response. PMID- 3227276 TI - The investigation of unilateral sensori-neural hearing loss. AB - The site of the lesion in unilateral sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL) may be confined to the receptor organ (labyrinthine) or may involve the auditory nerve including its central connections (retrolabyrinthine). The primary objective of the investigation of such a loss would be to define the probable site of the lesion. The protocol that we have found most productive and cost effective is as follows: 1. Audiometric evaluation consisting of a well masked pure tone audiogram, speech discrimination score and immitance studies. 2. Vestibular evaluation using photo-electric nystagmography and the Torok Monothermal Differential Caloric Test. Imaging studies of the temporal bone and brain are obtained on the basis of these tests. If the findings from auditory and vestibular tests are equivocal the patient is advised auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing. In our practice serologic tests for syphilis are obtained if there is the slightest suspicion of exposure. In this paper we report 2 cases which illustrate the value of our protocol and reliability of our technique. PMID- 3227277 TI - Uni-lateral hearing-loss with acoustic neuroma patients: electrocochleographic findings. AB - 38 patients with proven acoustic neuroma were examined. Intratympanic electrocochleography was performed with alternating clicks of 90 dB (nHL) intensity and a stimulus rate of 20 per second; 500 sweeps were averaged. Widening of the Cochlear Action Potential (CAP)-complex by a mean of 1.6 ms was the most striking finding. Summating potentials (ratio of SP-amplitude to CAP amplitude) were enlarged to 0.6, compared to 0.2 in healthy persons and 0.8 in patients suffering from Meniere's disease. The most noticeable result was the loss of amplitude using very short interstimulus intervals. With a stimulus-rate of 97 per second amplitudes of acoustic neuroma patients were reduced by 49.9%. Acoustic neuroma patients show pathological inner ear potentials. Some of the changes such as increased SP are found in patients with Meniere's disease, supposingly caused by endolymphatic hydrops. For tumours of the acoustic nerve the hydrops theory does not seem likely; the loss of amplitude due to adaptation within the first neuron seems to point to mechanical reasons due to the pressure of the tumour itself. PMID- 3227278 TI - High-frequency audiometric changes after stapedectomy. AB - It is possible that, when the labyrinth is opened in stapedectomy, some form of alteration may occur within it, even if it is not detected postoperatively by routine audiometry. Injuries against the inner ear usually impair the hearing at the highest frequencies. We can assess bone-conduction hearing up to 20 kHz by means of a high-frequency audiometer. Twenty-five patients were examined with conventional and high-frequency audiometry (HFA) before and after successful stapedectomy. Conventional audiometry showed a good postoperative improvement in the low and middle frequencies. HFA showed a lowering of the auditory thresholds above 8 kHz in 20 patients (83.4%), which was not evident with conventional audiometry because it occurred above its upper frequency limit. HFA is a very valuable means of assessing the results of ear surgery, and can be used to compare different surgical techniques. PMID- 3227279 TI - Can deferoxamine be considered an ototoxic drug? AB - Some uncertainty about deferoxamine ototoxicity is to be found in the literature. Therefore, 100 patients affected by beta-thalassemia were checked audiologically. Twelve of them showed a sensorineural hearing impairment which in most cases was confined to 4 and 8 kHz. If these results are compared with a sample of "normal" population, no significant difference can be observed, therefore excluding that deferoxamine, at least at present dosages, may be considered as a certain cause of cochlear impairment. PMID- 3227280 TI - Hearing loss at age 7, 10 and 13--an audiometric follow-up study. AB - School children are regularly tested in Sweden at age 7, 10 and 13. We report the audiometric results of 2264 school children tested at these three ages. Audiometry was performed as hearing screening at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 kHz with a screening level of 20 dBHL. Unilateral hearing losses with one test frequency affected were most common and bilateral hearing losses were least common. The hearing loss was more common in boys than in girls at all ages. Hearing loss at 2 kHz in boys at age 7 were uncharged in most cases (13/17 boys still failing screening at age 13). High frequency losses were most common, particularly at age 10 and 13 and more prevalent in boys than in girls, suggesting early noise induced hearing loss as an etiology. PMID- 3227281 TI - Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in children. AB - The authors present a report of 280 cases of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (U.H.L.) in children, observed from 1979 to 1986 in the Bambino Gesu' Hospital in Rome. Only 23.2% of these hearing impairments were due to a known etiology (mainly mumps infection). In the majority of the cases (79.3%) the hearing loss was profound. The authors discuss the methods for the etiological diagnosis and the possibility of prophylaxis both of U.H.L. and of communication difficulties. PMID- 3227283 TI - Hearing loss and associated handicaps in preschool children. AB - In the Greater Stockholm area, 251 children born in 1976 to 1980 had hearing loss of such a degree that they needed hearing habilitation at the time of school entrance (prevalence rate 2.8/1,000). The prevalence rates of profound hearing loss (greater than 50 dB pure tone average) and monoaural deafness were both 1.0/1,000. The etiology of the hearing loss was heredity in 45%, unknown in 35%, sequelae of otitis media in 2% and related to high-risk histories in 18%. The high-risk history group includes the eight last known cases of congenital rubella. One associated handicap was present in 25%, two extra handicaps in 6.4% and three in 1.2%. Moreover, in 17% Swedish or Swedish sign language was not the vernacular. Nineteen different languages were represented among the children. Thus, an optimal habilitation program should not be based solely on the type of hearing handicap. PMID- 3227282 TI - Associated handicaps in children with hearing loss. AB - In the differential diagnosis as well as in the rehabilitation of hearing impaired children other disorders affecting language aquisition and speech development need to be taken into account. The rehabilitation programme is highly dependent on the early diagnosis of these additional disorders such as dysphasia, mental retardation of various degrees, cognitive disorders such as dyslexia and dysgraphia, dyspractic and dysarthric disorders of speech production, cleft palate and other anomalies of articulatory organs, autism and other abnormal features of psychic and personality development. In addition children with multiple disorders like malformations, visual disorders, epilepsy, CP and other diseases and handicaps, even though they may not influence language and speech development directly, may still be deprived of possibilities to aquire adequate verbal stimulation. The paper presents a material of 200 children whose hearing loss was diagnosed at the preschool age. Major associated handicaps were found in 35.5% of cases and in 26% they were complicating rehabilitation and development of the child. The frequency of associated disorders and their effect on language and speech development, learning ability and social development is being more closely analysed and discussed. PMID- 3227284 TI - Unilateral total deafness as a complication of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. AB - A 7 year old girl developed unilateral total loss of hearing 13 days following MMR vaccination. The live, attenuated mumps-virus component in the virivac vaccine is suspected to be the cause of the injury. PMID- 3227285 TI - Auditory and academic performance of children with unilateral hearing loss. AB - Since the data provided in the literature concerning unilateral hearing loss in children are still lacking, we decided to study a group of subjects suffering from unilateral sensorineural deafness that has developed during the first 12 years of life. One hundred and fifteen subjects out of 150 answered a questionnaire that intended to investigate at what age the disorder developed, how it was recognized, its possible causes and a subjective evaluation of the difficulties encountered because of the hearing deficiency. In a second stage of the research, more detailed case history data were obtained on 30 children who satisfied more stringent selection criteria. The same children were compared with a matched control group of 30 normal hearing subjects, on speech in noise recognition, and sound localization skills. Results were correlated with the academic and educational progress and case history data. Our results may demonstrate that unilateral deafness represents a far from negligible handicap concerning the child's learning and relationship with classmates and teachers, specially during compulsory school life. PMID- 3227286 TI - New insights on infant ABR hearing screening. AB - This paper addresses several important aspects related to the use of ABR for infant hearing screening: (1) It will introduce a new automated ABR screening procedure and summarize the results of its clinical validation trials; (2) The relationship between initial ABR results and long-term behavioral audiometric testing in a group of severe to profoundly hearing-impaired children will be discussed; (3) The concept and applicability of tonal ABRs for infant screening will also be discussed. PMID- 3227287 TI - Evaluation of the hearing impaired child. PMID- 3227288 TI - Brainstem electric response audiometry in preterm infants. AB - In the Sophia Children's Hospital in Rotterdam 108 preterm infants were examined with Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR). Ears were categorized as 1) normal sensitivity for post-conceptional age (PCA), 2) probably-mild loss of sensitivity, or 3) a moderate to severe loss of sensitivity. All infants showed ABR peaks, so no "deaf" individuals were found. A bilaterally normal sensitivity was found in 61. A probably-mild loss was found in 22 infants and a moderate to severe loss in 21 infants. The type of loss was conductive in 31 and cochlear in 12. A moderate to severe bilateral cochlear loss was found in 2. This is in line with the literature. Of the 43 infants with a (probable) loss 18 were examined again at 3 months corrected age. Only half of the conductive losses had disappeared, the other half was exacerbated. About 2 out of 3 initially moderate to severe losses were confirmed at follow-up. The moderate to severe losses of the cochlear type were all confirmed. PMID- 3227289 TI - Middle latency and 40 Hz auditory evoked responses in normal hearing children: 500 Hz thresholds. AB - The 500 Hz tone burst thresholds were obtained by four independent judges from recorded middle latency responses (MLR) and 40 Hz event related potentials (40 Hz ERP) in a group of children ranging in age from 5-12 years old. The thresholds obtained from the two electrophysiological methods were compared to each other and to behavioural pure-tone thresholds by means of a paired t-tests. The general trend was for the MLR thresholds to be lower than 40 Hz ERP thresholds. However, the statistical analysis indicated that the differences between the two electrophysiologic thresholds and pure-tone audiometric thresholds were not significant. It was concluded that MLR and 40 Hz ERP under the conditions in which this study was done are not suitable electrophysiological measurements in order to estimate the low frequency thresholds in children. PMID- 3227291 TI - Trehalase deficiency in Greenland. AB - Small-intestinal surgical biopsy specimens from 97 adult Greenlanders showed an incidence of trehalase deficiency in at least 8%. Trehalose tolerance tests performed in three individuals with low trehalase activity (6 IU/g protein) showed no increase in the blood glucose concentration. Three trehalase-deficient patients had lactase deficiency too. Trehalase deficiency is not considered to have any significance from a nutritional point of view. PMID- 3227290 TI - Effect of the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 on small-intestinal interdigestive motility in the dog. AB - The long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995, also called Sandostatin, is used in the treatment of acromegaly and peptide-secreting tumors. Little is known about its effect on gut motility, although such an effect might be expected considering the spectrum of activities of its parent molecule, somatostatin. We have studied the effect on the interdigestive motility of intravenous boluses of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 micrograms/kg of this analogue in 10 dogs with bipolar electrodes implanted along the entire small bowel. All doses induced, within 5 min of administration, premature phase-3 activity that was isolated to one segment, normally progressive, or simultaneous (stationary) in all channels. Only low doses induced isolated phase 3, whereas the frequency of the induction of stationary phase 3 increased with higher doses. In the next cycle of the migrating motor complex the duration of phase 1 was increased, although the duration of the whole cycle was not changed. This cycle ended with mostly ectopic phase-3 activity. During phase 2 of the following cycle ultra-rapid rushes of spiking activity progressing at a speed of 25 +/- 3 cm/sec in the upper jejunum were regularly observed. Although this pattern occurs very rarely under control conditions, it was present in 20%, 80%, and 100% of the experiments after doses of 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 micrograms/kg, respectively. We conclude that gastrointestinal side effects observed during administration of SMS 201-995 might be related to these motility effects, which warrant further investigation. SMS 201-995 may be a tool to study the mechanism of the induction of ultra-rapid rushes and of stationary phase 3. PMID- 3227292 TI - Clinical presentation and prognosis of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours. AB - Clinical data about 104 patients with gastrointestinal carcinoids emphasized the heterogeneous nature of these tumours in different organs. The sites of the primary tumours were the stomach in 12 (11%), the duodenum in 3 (3%), the small bowel in 48 (45%), the appendix in 28 (26%), the colon in 6 (6%), and the rectum in 6 cases (6%). Gastric carcinoids were multiple in 4 (33%) and small-bowel carcinoids in 11 cases (23%). None of the gastric, duodenal, or rectal carcinoids had generated metastases, as contrasted to 34 (72%) small-bowel carcinoids. Twelve patients had symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome caused by hepatic metastases from ileal (11) or appendiceal (1) primary tumours. At least two patients with duodenal carcinoids had Zollinger-Ellison syndrome produced by the tumours. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 91-100% for gastric, appendiceal, and rectal carcinoids, 77% for small-bowel carcinoids, and 33% for colonic carcinoids. Resectable mesenteric lymph node metastases did not affect the 5-year survival of patients with small-bowel carcinoids as compared with the tumours confined to the bowel wall. Poor prognosis was associated with hepatic metastases at the time of diagnosis. Small-bowel carcinoids remain a challenge in clinical work because of their distinct metastatic propensity and problematic diagnosis. PMID- 3227293 TI - Alkaline phosphatase isozymes in non-malignant intestinal and hepatic diseases. AB - Human alkaline phosphatase isozymes--the tissue-unspecific, the intestinal, and the placental alkaline phosphatases--were determined in sera by use of isozyme specific monoclonal antibodies. The clinical utility of serum determinations of alkaline phosphatase isozymes was evaluated in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. No elevations of the different serum isozymes were observed in the intestinal diseases investigated (active Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). For non-malignant diseases of the liver the alkaline phosphatase isozymes presented characteristic patterns. Patients with cirrhosis due to hepatocellular diseases had markedly elevated levels of intestinal alkaline phosphatase and moderate serum activities of tissue unspecific and placental alkaline phosphatases. In patients with liver disease with cholestatic features tissue-unspecific and placental isozyme levels were high, but the intestinal isozyme remained normal, whereas primary biliary cirrhosis was associated with high levels of the tissue-unspecific enzyme and moderate elevations of intestinal and placental alkaline phosphatases. It can be concluded that, in addition to tissue-unspecific alkaline phosphatase, intestinal and placental isozymes contribute to the total alkaline phosphatase activity for patients with liver disease. The results suggest that specific methods for the identification of alkaline phosphatase isozymes could be of value. PMID- 3227294 TI - An endogenous colon mitosis inhibitor and dietary calcium inhibit the increased colonic cell proliferation induced by cholic acid. AB - We have previously reported that a single intraperitoneal injection of the tripeptide pGlu-His-GlyOH (colon mitosis inhibitor (CMI] is followed by a transient reduction of cell proliferation in the colonic epithelium in mice. The effect of the tripeptide on accelerated cell proliferation in the colonic epithelium was tested during the acute response of the epithelial cells to a diet supplemented with cholic acid. The kinetics of this response was first examined with different amounts of calcium in the feed. We found an increased labeling index (LI) and mitotic rate 2 days after changing the diet, and this response was stronger in animals with a low-calcium cholic acid diet than in animals with cholic acid diet with a standard amount of calcium or a high-calcium cholic acid diet. After 2 weeks of treatment cell proliferation remained significantly elevated only in the animals with low-calcium cholic acid diet. The effect of CMI was tested 7 days after the change to a low-calcium cholic acid diet. Under these conditions a single dose of CMI (10(-12) mol per animal) was still followed by a transient reduction in the proliferative indices in the colonic epithelium. However, the decreases in LI was observed earlier after CMI treatment (at 2 h) in the animals fed a low-calcium cholic acid than in animals with a standard diet. PMID- 3227295 TI - Experimentally induced ileal ulcers in rats. A model to study non-specific inflammatory bowel disease. AB - A surgical technique was used to establish chronic intestinal ulcers in Sprague Dawley rats. A 2-cm-long segment of the distal ileum was excised and left attached on the mesentery. The ileum was reanastomosed. The excluded ileal segment formed a 'cyst' of various sizes. Initially, the anastomoses healed well, but after 6-8 weeks para-anastomotic ulcers developed in more than 50% of the rats. Histopathology showed a chronic inflammatory reaction with a predominance of mononuclear cells and increased numbers of eosinophilic granulocytes. The surface of the ulcers was covered with bacteria. Penetrating ulcers with fistula formation occurred. It is concluded that this experimental model may be useful for time sequential studies of the development of chronic and ulcerative ileitis. It may also be used to study the effect of medical and surgical regimens for the treatment of non-specific chronic inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 3227296 TI - The prevalence of gallstones in autopsies from a Danish urban area. Frederiksberg, 1959-1985. AB - The prevalence of gallstones and cholecystectomies (S + R) was reviewed in nine annual autopsy series, from 1959 to 1985. The investigation confirmed the expectancy of more S + R with increasing age and among women. The median sex ratio was 1.6 (range, 1.3-1.7). It is noteworthy, however, that although the number of elderly people in the autopsy material increased during the period, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of S + R (p = 2 X 10(-8]. The total prevalence for men decreased from 26% to 18% (p = 2 X 10(-3] and for women from 44% to 31% (p less than 10(-10]. The most striking decrease was seen in the age groups from 60 to 80 years. After a possible culmination during the period from 1920 to 1960, the number of gallstones seemed to level off again. The rates were the same as at present in other Danish investigations from the Copenhagen area (1889, 1911, and 1920-21). PMID- 3227297 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor blockade does not modify gastrointestinal transit time in healthy volunteers. AB - The effect of non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blockade on gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) was measured in 20 healthy volunteers with a radiographic method. By means of double-blind, crossover technique, each subject was studied during treatment with 80 mg oral propranolol or placebo twice daily for 7 days. The number of radiopaque markers retained in the alimentary tract did not differ significantly between the placebo and the propranolol periods. The mean GITT for placebo was 78 h and for propranolol 77 h. During propranolol treatment the heart rate and blood pressure were significantly decreased. It is concluded that non selective beta-adrenoceptor blockade does not influence human gastrointestinal transit time under unstrained conditions. PMID- 3227298 TI - Measurement of the 10,000-molecular weight calcium-binding protein in small intestinal biopsy specimens from patients with malabsorption syndromes. AB - Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) (molecular weight, 10,000) was measured in small intestinal biopsy specimens from 36 patients with malabsorption syndromes: short bowel syndrome (n = 13), untreated coeliac disease (n = 4), coeliac disease in remission (n = 7), patients with intestinal bypass owing to morbid obesity (n = 5), and in patients with chronic diarrhoea of unknown cause (n = 7). Twelve patients with no signs of malabsorption who had the irritable bowel syndrome were used as controls. Patients with small-bowel resections showed reduced concentrations of CaBP (p less than 0.01) and low intestinal calcium absorption (p less than 0.05). Small amounts of CaBP were found in intestinal specimens from patients with coeliac disease in remission (p less than 0.01), and CaBP was almost undetectable in patients with a newly diagnosed coeliac disease and avillous jejunal biopsy findings (p less than 0.001). Patients with chronic diarrhoea and patients with an intestinal bypass had CaBP concentrations comparable to those of the control group. A direct correlation was found between CaBP and the fractional calcium absorption in all patients (p less than 0.05). CaBP may therefore be considered an indicator of the efficiency of the small intestine to absorb calcium. PMID- 3227299 TI - Crohn's disease is frequently complicated by giardiasis. AB - Giardiasis is a common infection, and many of its symptoms are similar to those of Crohn's disease. Despite a long discussion on the role of microbiologic agents in Crohn's disease, giardiasis has never been investigated. We studied giardiasis as assessed by the occurrence of cysts in 86 patients with Crohn's disease, in 82 patients with other gastrointestinal disease, and in 52 patients without gastrointestinal disease. In addition, in 20 patients with Crohn's disease the effects of metronidazole on giardiasis and disease activity were studied. Frequency of giardiasis was 61.6% in patients with Crohn's disease, 31.7% in patients with other gastrointestinal disease, and 5.8% in the control group (p less than 0.01). Stool frequency, disease activity, and humoral signs of inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease showed no relationship to giardiasis. All but two patients treated with metronidazole became free of cysts. Crohn's disease activity index decreased in 14 of 20 patients (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, giardiasis is a common finding in patients with Crohn's disease. Treatment of giardiasis can, in individual cases of Crohn's disease, result in a quick recovery from symptoms of high disease activity. PMID- 3227301 TI - Corrosive injury of the oesophagus in childhood. AB - A 10-year retrospective review of 73 children who had ingested a corrosive agent was performed. Presentation, management, and eventual outcome were assessed, and comparisons were made between those who received early medical treatment and those who did not. Results suggested that immediate proper assessment of the oesophagus and institution of appropriate therapy may reduce the incidence of complications associated with treatment of subsequent stricture formation. The importance of oesophagoscopy in the direct visualization of the oesophagus within 24-48 h of the burn is stressed. PMID- 3227300 TI - Demonstration of altered cellular DNA content distribution in long-term colon epithelial cell lines with colon cancer genotypes. AB - During prolonged culture (7-40 passages assayed) DNA distribution was constant in IVT-negative lines with FPC genotype and in IVT-negative lines without any known colon cancer genotype, whereas the DNA histograms of the IVT-positive lines with HNPCC genotype showed a marked change. The DNA index (DI) of greater than 1 increased sixfold in the HNPCC-A (affected) line and threefold in the HNPCC-AR (at-risk) line due to an equal increase in DI of 2 and DI of greater than 2. It is proposed that there is a possible association between the HNPCC genotype, the presence of IVT, and the marked increase in both DI of 2 and DI of greater than 2 in DNA histograms, since neither the lines with normal nor those with FPC genotypes showed these changes. The biological significance of IVT might be due to its influence on the constancy of the distribution of cellular DNA content, leading to aneuploidy, which has been known to precede in vitro tumorigenic phenotypes. PMID- 3227302 TI - The strip test for hypolactasia also works without ethanol. AB - Detection of urinary galactose with a special test strip has been shown to work well with the lactose tolerance test with ethanol. In this study the strips were used in combination with a lactose load alone or with another alcohol, beta pyridylcarbinol, and the results were compared with those of the urinary lactose tolerance test with ethanol (ULTTE) as the reference method. Sixty-nine patients were studied. With lactose alone the specificity was 83%, the sensitivity 88%, and the kappa coefficient 0.61. It is concluded that the strip test for hypolactasia works without ethanol with sufficient reliability for the daily clinical work of a general practitioner. Adding beta-pyridylcarbinol to the test does not markedly increase the validity of the test. PMID- 3227304 TI - Faecal lipids in familial adenomatosis coli. AB - Faecal sterols and bile acids from six patients with familial adenomatosis coli (FPC) and 61 healthy men were analysed preoperatively. Faecal concentrations and secretion of neutral sterols, plant sterols, and degradation products of cholesterol were identical in the two groups. No increase was found in the faecal bile acid excretion, and the distribution of individual bile acids was normal in FPC. The results suggest that the development of adenomas in FPC is not associated with abnormal cholesterol and bile acid excretion. PMID- 3227303 TI - Effect of trypsin on the hormonal regulation of the fat-stimulated human exocrine pancreas. AB - To study the effects of trypsin on the pancreaticobiliary secretion and the release of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) to plasma, seven normal subjects were stimulated twice with duodenal perfusates containing 20 mM oleic acid (pH 6.0) with and without 1 g of bovine trypsin added per liter. In addition, six patients with advanced pancreatic insufficiency who received only the oleic acid were compared with eight normal subjects. The concentrations of secretin and CCK in plasma and the pancreatic enzyme and volume secretions were unaffected by the addition of trypsin, but the initial bile acid output and the bicarbonate secretion in the period after gallbladder emptying were reduced during perfusion with trypsin. The severely reduced enzyme secretion in chronic pancreatitis did not influence the basal or oleic acid-stimulated concentrations of the hormones in plasma. The study does not support the hypothesis of a trypsin-mediated negative feedback control of human pancreatic enzyme secretion. Furthermore, the reduced duodenal output of bicarbonate found in response to trypsin is not explained by changes in the release of secretin or CCK. PMID- 3227305 TI - Urinary infection may invalidate the double-sugar test of intestinal permeability. AB - To assess the effect of urinary infection on a typical double-sugar test of intestinal permeability, rhamnose and cellobiose were added to 12 infected urine samples to give sugar concentrations generally present in the 5-h urine samples of patients undergoing the test. Rhamnose concentration fell by approximately 20% in two of the specimens after incubation at 37 degrees C for 5 h. Eight of the 12 samples showed a fall in cellobiose concentration at 2.5 h, and 11 at 5 h. On five occasions more than 90% of the cellobiose was destroyed within 5 h. Yet only eight of these urine samples contained organisms that were able to metabolize cellobiose. This apparent anomaly may have resulted from bacteria surviving in spite of the thiomersal preservative, and then consuming the glucose to which the cellobiose was hydrolysed to enable calculation of cellobiose concentration. We conclude that bacteriuria may invalidate the result of the double-sugar test of intestinal function. PMID- 3227306 TI - Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Olsalazine in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Oxford, March 1987. PMID- 3227307 TI - Olsalazine-O-sulphate: an acid labile metabolite of olsalazine. AB - The discovery of an acid labile metabolite of olsalazine, tentatively identified as olsalazine-O-sulphate, is described. Due to its acid labile properties, this conjugate was previously co-determined with olsalazine. Based on this finding, a new assay has been developed making it possible to determine both olsalazine and olsalazine-O-sulphate simultaneously. The initial aim of this study was to simplify an original analytical method in order to improve sample throughput without loss of sensitivity. However, during this work, a previously unidentified acid labile metabolite was discovered. The characterization of this metabolite is described here. PMID- 3227308 TI - Induction of and adaptation to olsalazine induced intestinal volume load. AB - Olsalazine is a new drug for the treatment of ulcerative and Crohn's colitis. The toxicological, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles of olsalazine are excellent; the only side-effect noted from clinical trials with olsalazine is an increased incidence of loose stools and occasional diarrhoea. At high olsalazine concentrations, a direct effect on the net water absorption of the intestine is apparent. This effect is not due to a decrease in absorption, but to an induction of a rapidly reversible, Cl- dependent water secretion. In rats experimentally subjected to olsalazine induced diarrhoea (150 mg/kg), a total adaptation occurs within 3-4 days. This adaptation is not due to tachyphylaxis, but to an increased absorption capacity in the colon and caecum. Similar adaptation has been noted in other species including man. PMID- 3227309 TI - Long-term treatment with olsalazine for ulcerative colitis: safety and relapse prevention: a follow-up study. AB - In a published placebo-controlled study comprising 101 patients, olsalazine was shown to possess relapse-preventing properties superior to placebo and similar to those of sulphasalazine. This is a retrospective follow-up of the 76 patients who continued olsalazine treatment on an open basis. The relapse pattern is similar to that of patients on sulphasalazine treatment, and the long-term tolerance and safety are encouraging. PMID- 3227310 TI - Studies on the acetylating capacity of human colonic epithelial cells for 5 aminosalicylic acid. PMID- 3227312 TI - The regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation: from basic science to clinical implications. Papers from a meeting. April 1987, Ulm, West Germany. PMID- 3227311 TI - Olsalazine in active ulcerative colitis: dose finding study in Japan. PMID- 3227313 TI - Biochemical characterization of the pancreatic cholecystokinin receptor: a possible marker of cell differentiation and development. AB - The biochemical expression of the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor on the surface of the pancreatic acinar cell is a potential marker of the state of differentiation of that cell. In this report we review the basis for and the results of the use of affinity labeling techniques for the biochemical characterization of this macromolecular receptor assembly on the adult rat pancreatic acinar cell. A series of specially designed molecular probes are used to define the subunit structure of this receptor, based on the relationships between the sites of covalent attachment of these probes and their receptor binding domains. We suggest that the receptor-binding domain resides on a Mr = 85,000-95,000 subunit, whereas a distinct Mr = 80,000 also exists as part of this complex. PMID- 3227314 TI - Gut peptide-mediated adaptive response of the exocrine pancreas. AB - The gastrointestinal system is substantially involved in the regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion, and it is therefore not surprising that intestinal diseases have been shown to affect exocrine pancreatic function. In rat experiments gastrectomy, truncal vagotomy, and subtotal colectomy stimulated pancreatic growth and altered pancreatic enzyme composition. Focusing on two main hormones supposed to be involved in the regulation of pancreatic adaptation, we studied basal and stimulated gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) pattern after the operative procedures. After total gastrectomy basal CCK values were unchanged, whereas postprandial CCK plasma values and the integrated postprandial CCK release were significantly increased. After subtotal colectomy CCK levels, both basal and postprandial, were significantly increased. In both of these conditions gastrin levels were either decreased (total gastrectomy) or unchanged (subtotal colectomy). CCK may therefore be the major humoral candidate to promote the observed pancreatic adaptive response. After truncal vagotomy CCK values remained unchanged, whereas basal and postprandial gastrin was significantly increased. Gastrin may be a candidate involved in the stimulation of pancreatic trophism after vagisection. PMID- 3227315 TI - Cell differentiation during pancreatic carcinogenesis. AB - In many tissues, carcinogenesis mimics embryonic development. This is true for the pancreas. The first alteration seen during pancreatic tumor induction in the hamster model is proliferation of poorly differentiated ductular (tubular) structures intermingled with endocrine cells, a pattern consistent with findings in the embryonic and fetal pancreas. However, unlike the fetal tissue, various cell types of intestinal epithelium appear in the advance stages of pancreatic carcinogenesis. Moreover, contrary to the situation in the fetal and adult hamster pancreas, the induced pancreatic lesion expresses antigens with human blood group type specificities, including A, B, H, Leb, Lex, and Ley, antigens that are expressed, however, by fetal and adult duodenal epithelium. Considering the origin of the pancreas from the duodenal mucosa, the overall findings indicate that during pancreatic carcinogenesis some genes, acquired from the progenitor (duodenal) cells, which are inactive in embryonic and normal pancreatic cells, are activated, possibly as a function of some oncogenes. Comparative studies in human tissue lead to the same conclusion. PMID- 3227316 TI - Proliferation and phenotypic expression of non-parenchymal liver cells. AB - The four types of non-parenchymal sinusoid lining cells can be identified in situ and can be isolated for in vitro studies: the fenestrated endothelial cells, the phagocytic Kupffer cells, the fibroblast-like fat-storing cells, and the 'natural killer' pit cells. In situ the last three sinusoidal cell types can be seen to proliferate and increase in number in experimental models of liver pathology, such as inflammations and fibrosis. The understanding of the population dynamics of these cells--their mitotic activity, turnover time, and migration--may therefore have clinical applications. In the present article our data concerning the proliferation kinetics of Kupffer and pit cells in rat liver are reviewed. PMID- 3227317 TI - Gene expression during multistage hepatocarcinogenesis. AB - Several multistage models of hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat have now been developed. In one of these models at least three distinct stages--initiation, promotion, and progression--can be delineated. The first and last are irreversible, while that of promotion is reversible. Quantitation of each stage is possible. While several variable marker enzymes have been utilized to identify and characterize preneoplastic lesions during the stage of promotion, preliminary investigations indicate that the transcriptional activation of proto-oncogenes, particularly that of c-raf-1 proto-oncogene, may be used as an indicator of those preneoplastic lesions that will potentially develop into malignant neoplasms. PMID- 3227318 TI - Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in intestinal epithelial differentiation. AB - The complex morphogenetic events and the concomitant structural and functional differentiation of intestinal progenitor cells are dependent on tissue interactions. Several experimental models of hetero-species or -topic recombinants between epithelial and mesenchymal anlagen are described. They enabled us to elucidate the respective roles of these tissue components in morphogenesis, epithelial differentiation, and hormone-elicited responses. Among the mechanisms of tissue interactions, the possible mediation of permissive and instructive information via the extracellular matrix is postulated. Arguments in favor of this are provided by the observation of compositional changes in matrix molecules during intestinal development and differentiation. On the other hand, in vitro experimental data emphasize the role of actual contacts between epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations and the importance of the mesenchyme for basement membrane formation. PMID- 3227319 TI - Extracellular matrix proteins in small-intestinal cell cultures. AB - Intestinal cell cultures offer unique possibilities to study the effect of extracellular matrix components on epithelial proliferation and differentiation. We have investigated the specific affinity for distinct matrix proteins, including laminin, collagen types I, III, and IV, and fibronectin, versus neutral control proteins in various small-intestine epithelial cell cultures. Both primary cells and intestinal epithelial cell lines display enhanced affinity for basement membrane constituents compared with interstitial collagens. Only the very undifferentiated, proliferative intestinal epithelial cells also synthesize these proteins, as determined by immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay. On polarization and maturation, biosynthesis of basement membrane proteins is markedly reduced. Differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells is promoted only by laminin. Fibronectin and collagen type IV have no effect. Putative cell membrane receptors for individual basement membrane proteins are discussed. PMID- 3227320 TI - Cell proliferation and colonic neoplasia. AB - The preneoplastic events occurring in the mucosa of patients at risk of developing colonic cancer are described and correlate well with the histogenesis of an adenoma. Confirmatory evidence from experimental carcinogenesis systems is provided. Among individuals at 50% risk of colon cancer, proliferative abnormalities relating to the distribution of S-phase cells are present. Aging, whether among the high-risk or the unaffected control population, appears to bring about enhancement of the percentage of DNA-synthesizing cells in the crypts, indicating a similar response of colonic epithelial cells to environmental conditions over time. The combination of an already existing defect in cell proliferation among those at high risk of familial colon cancer along with an elevated rate of cell renewal increases the probability that a neoplasm will arise in this population. PMID- 3227322 TI - Swedish Association of Urology. Proceedings of the annual meeting 1987. Stockholm, December 2-4, 1987. Abstracts. PMID- 3227321 TI - Diabetic nephropathy. A clinical study of risk factors in type-I diabetes mellitus. AB - The aim of the study was to evaluate risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. For this purpose, a reliable method of monitoring renal function is necessary. Five different methods of estimating renal function (plasma and renal clearance of 51Cr EDTA, serum creatinine, plasma beta-2-microglobulin and endogenous creatinine clearance) were compared. The risk factors studied were hyperglycaemia, smoking, diabetic cystopathy and dietary protein. All patients were treated for hypertension. The metabolic control was evaluated by assay of HbA1c and repeated estimation of blood glucose. A careful interview about previous and current smoking habits was used for evaluation of the role of smoking. Presence of residual urine, registered with an isotope technique using 131I-Hippuran, was used as the criterion of diabetic cystopathy. Dietary protein intake was studied with a dietary history interview and by measuring the urinary excretion of nitrogen. All five renal function tested evaluated have disadvantages. The most reliable information is given by the combined measurement of plasma clearance and renal clearance of 51Cr EDTA. Hypertension is the most important factor for progression but metabolic control also has an impact, which can be shown when hypertension is adequately controlled. Diabetic patients with nephropathy have smoked more and still smoke more than patients without nephropathy. Diabetic cystopathy is common but with instructions it can be kept constant for several years. Although a correlation of cystopathy to progression is likely, it could not be demonstrated. The study of protein intake does not support the theory of a harmful effect of dietary protein on the development or progression of diabetic nephropathy. By intervening against risk factors, it is possible to achieve a very low progression rate or even to arrest the progression for several years. PMID- 3227323 TI - Long-term follow-up of right ventricular function after Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries. AB - As development of right ventricular (RV) failure is a potential risk after Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries, 17 patients were reexamined 5-13 years postoperatively. Comparisons were made with healthy controls. There were no clinical signs of heart failure. Echocardiographically determined RV end-diastolic diameter was increased to 2.5 +/- 0.8 cm (controls: 1.5 +/- 0.4 cm, p less than 0.001). Comparison of RV systolic time intervals (STI) in patients with normal left ventricular (LV) STI revealed decreased RV function, with RPEPI 165 +/- 19 msec (controls 126 +/- 12, p less than 0.001) and RPEP/RVET 0.484 +/- 0.096 (controls 0.284 +/- 0.045, p less than 0.001). Nuclear angiography demonstrated decreased RV ejection fraction (EF), viz. 42.8 +/- 6.6% (normal RV 53 +/- 6%, LV 68 +/- 9%, p less than 0.001). Only two patients showed normal (5%) rise in RV-EF during exercise. There was no evidence of deterioration with passage of time. The results do not justify use of anatomic repair at our center, since the perioperative mortality might then be higher than in the Mustard or Senning procedures. PMID- 3227324 TI - Surgical treatment of supracristal type of ventricular septal defect. AB - Surgically treated ventricular septal defect (VSD) was of supracristal type in 120 of 389 Chinese patients; 93 of the 120 were younger than 15 years. Concomitant aortic anomalies were present in 58 of the patients (regurgitation in 23 and cusp prolapse in 35). Corresponding figures among the 93 patients of the under-15 group were 40 (9 + 31). Direct suture or patch closure of the supracristal VSD and replacement or plication of anomalous aortic valves were the methods used. The results of direct closure were equal to those of patch closure. One patient died of subacute bacterial endocarditis, which had been present preoperatively. There were no other deaths. The postoperative observation period was 6 months to 7 years. As the incidence of associated valvulopathy increases with patient age, early operation for supracristal VSD, regardless of shunt volume, is advocated. PMID- 3227325 TI - The clinical value of high-frequency jet ventilation in major airway reconstructive surgery. AB - High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) via a catheter with internal diameter 2.4 mm was employed in 21 patients to facilitate airway reconstructive surgery. Tracheal reconstruction was performed in six cases, sleeve lobectomy in six and sleeve pneumonectomy in nine. An HFO-Jet-Ventilator was used at individually selected settings of 0.5-2.4 kg/cm2 for driving gas pressure and 4-10 Hz frequency. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was used initially, with switch to HFJV at the time of tracheobronchial reconstruction. The time during which HFJV was employed ranged from 25 to 65 min. Except for transient hypoxia or hypercapnia in a few patients, the results of blood gas analyses during HFJV were satisfactory. The most appropriate HFJV settings for each surgical procedure and the advantages of HFJV over IPPV are discussed. PMID- 3227326 TI - Treatment of postpneumonectomy empyema and associated bronchopleural fistula. Experience of 100 consecutive postpneumonectomy patients. AB - Experience in the management of 100 consecutive patients with postpneumonectomy empyema is presented. Open-window thoracostomy was used for treatment of the empyema in all cases. The patients were grouped according to surgical procedure after this treatment. In group 1 the thoracostomy window was left permanently open. In group 2 it was closed, and in group 3 the open pleural cavity was covered with skin, using a pedicle of muscle and skin and free skin transplants. The pectoralis skin pedicle was used to close large bronchopleural fistulas. The results in each group are presented and a staged method, which can be used in all cases of postpneumonectomy empyema, with or without bronchopleural fistula, is described. PMID- 3227327 TI - Survival after surgical treatment of lung cancer. AB - All 205 patients operated on for primary pulmonary cancer at Oulu University Hospital in 1975-1977 were followed up for 10 years to evaluate the prognostic influence of factors such as lymph-node invasion, size of tumour and histologic type. Preoperative mediastinoscopy was performed on 186 patients (91.2%), and revealed no mediastinal metastases in 182. Nevertheless N 2 (mediastinal) lymph nodes were found in 36 cases at operation and N 1 (perihilar or ipsilateral) nodes in 42. Despite lobectomy or pneumonectomy, all 32 patients (17.2%) with false-negative mediastinoscopy died within a year (mean 7.2 months) of operation. Pneumonectomy was performed in 67 cases (29 right, 38 left), lobectomy or bilobectomy in 125 and exploratory thoracotomy in the remainder. Most of the tumours were epidermoid carcinoma (53.7%). Adenocarcinoma was present in 20%, and large-cell carcinoma and oat-cell carcinoma each in 11.7%. Survival rates were significantly higher in patients without vs. those with lymph-node metastases and in epidermoid or adenocarcinoma vs. small-cell carcinoma. PMID- 3227329 TI - Hemoconcentration by ultrafiltration during open-heart surgery. AB - Ultrafiltration was used during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) with heart-lung machine in 17 critically ill cardiac patients. In ultrafiltration (hemofiltration), water and small molecules (e.g. urea, creatinine and electrolytes), are separated from the blood by hydrostatic pressure generated on the blood side of a semipermeable membrane. The patients had severe water overload for three reasons, viz. congestive heart failure (10), renal failure (6) or iatrogenic extreme hemodilution (1). On average 2090 (800-5700) ml water was filtered off, increasing the hematocrit from 25 to 33%. Three indications for ultrafiltration during ECC and two modes of such treatment are exemplified in three case reports. No negative effect of the treatment was observed. Ultrafiltration during ECC thus may help to improve the postoperative course in patients with severe water overload due to congestive heart failure, renal failure or iatrogenic extreme hemodilution. PMID- 3227328 TI - Complement activation by extracorporeal circulation: effects of precoating a membrane oxygenator circuit with human whole blood. AB - In an in vitro study of extracorporeal circulation (ECC), uncoated oxygenators (UC), oxygenators precoated with whole human blood (CN) and oxygenators precoated with blood and then rinsed with Ringer's acetate (CR) all significantly (p less than 0.001) activated the initial and terminal parts of the complement cascade. After 60 min C3 activation had increased by 692% (UC), 750% (CN) and 393% (CR), and terminal complement complex (TCC) concentrations by 194% (UC), 215% (CN) and 273% (CR). C3 activation was significantly (p less than 0.05) less in the CR than in the other groups. There was no statistical intergroup difference in increase of TCC concentration. Complement activation was accompanied by a significant drop in neutrophil counts, which was uninfluenced by coating or rinsing. The observed dissociation of the complement cascade shows that assessment of activation products from both parts is necessary for evaluation of total complement activation. The study suggests that protein precoating may improve biocompatibility of ECC. PMID- 3227330 TI - Aortic regurgitation after surgical relief of subvalvular membranous stenosis. A long-term follow-up study. AB - A postoperative follow-up study of 21 cases of discrete membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis is presented. The age at operation was 6-47 (mean 16) years, and the follow-up time 0.6-16 (mean 6.7) years. Preoperatively most patients were in NYHA function class II or III and had high peak systolic pressure gradient, left ventricular hypertrophy and/or cardiothoracic index greater than 0.50. At follow up all but six patients were in NYHA class I, the Doppler-estimated peak systolic gradient was 0-36 (mean 18) mmHg, the cardiothoracic index unchanged and the mean left ventricular hypertrophy score had declined from 4.3 to 2.3. Of 13 patients without aortic regurgitation preoperatively, eight had regurgitation at follow-up (group I) and five did not (group II). The interval to follow-up was significantly longer and the preoperative peak systolic gradient was greater in group I than in group II. Aortic regurgitation may develop even after surgical relief of discrete membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis, possibly associated with high preoperative pressure gradient and time from operation. Regular postoperative Doppler echocardiography is therefore recommended. PMID- 3227331 TI - Surgical repair of aortico-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT). AB - ALVT is a very rare congenital malformation. Until 1983 a collective review reported only 37 cases published. A 5-month-old girl with a body weight of 5.5 kg was referred for cardiomegaly and cardiac murmur. 2D-echo revealed the diagnosis which was later confirmed by angiography. The child was then operated upon with extracorporeal circulation using deep hypothermia (20 degrees C). The aortic orifice of the tunnel was closed with 3 pledget reinforced sutures. Cross-clamp time was 17 min. Electromagnetic flowmetry suggested an insufficiency of 78% preoperatively, and postoperatively this was reduced to 6%. Angiography was performed two weeks postoperatively, revealing mild valvular aortic insufficiency. She was discharged from the hospital 15 days postoperatively. ALVT should be corrected surgically as soon as the diagnosis is made. PMID- 3227332 TI - Nocardial endocarditis after aortic valve replacement. Reports of two cases. AB - Nocardial sepsis occurred after aortic valve replacement in two patients. A septic suture aneurysm of the aortotomy was resected and the prosthesis exchanged in one of them. The other received conservative treatment for sternal osteomyelitis and local mediastinitis. Clinical cure was followed by relapse and death from cerebral infarction, and necropsy revealed a septic suture aneurysm of the aortotomy. Radical surgical revision seems to be necessary for lasting cure in such infections. PMID- 3227333 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot associated with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, pulmonary artery hypoplasia and atrial septal defect. A case report. AB - A 7-year-old girl had tetralogy of Fallot with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, pulmonary artery hypoplasia and atrial septal defect. The case is presented and diagnostic and surgical implications are discussed. PMID- 3227334 TI - A practical approach to pre-hospital coronary care. AB - Prehospital coronary care involving a doctor and nurse team transported from the hospital by taxi has operated in Dundee for 18 months. Comparison of this service with the previous service shows it to be as effective, safe and relatively inexpensive. PMID- 3227335 TI - General practice geriatric surveillance scheme. AB - This project converted an on-demand, crisis intervention service into a doctor initiated, anticipatory, preventive programme to improve management, based on home visiting and 'activities of daily living' screening by state enrolled nurse, with serial medical assessment and regular surveillance by the general practitioner. Opportunistic and domiciliary organised, standardised, serial, numerically scored, medical, social and functional assessment of list patients over 75 years, allowed comparison over time and identification of high need/risk patients--focus for anticipatory service and aids provision. 24% healthy, 41% moderately impaired and 35% high risk patients were contacted or visited annually, six-monthly and quarterly respectively. Patient-initiated calls decreased by 41% but additional surveillance input increased work load by 9% per annum. Improved standards of care helped patients live longer at home however. The nurse proved effective and economical in this role. PMID- 3227336 TI - Vibration perception thresholds in 279 diabetic patients. AB - Generalised peripheral neuropathy is a well recognised complication of diabetes mellitus and early detection is important in order that morbidity can be reduced by interventional therapy at an early stage. Since nerve conduction studies are not a feasible option in a busy diabetic clinic, an alternative technique of detection, superior to clinical examination, is beneficial. In this study vibration perception thresholds were measured in 279 diabetic outpatients. Seventy-eight patients (28%) had abnormal results but only 35 (13%) had clinical evidence of neuropathy. While nerve conduction studies remain the most sensitive technique to detect nerve dysfunction, vibration perception threshold determination is a useful screening test to detect subclinical peripheral nerve dysfunction in a routine diabetic outpatient clinic. PMID- 3227337 TI - Crigler-Najjar syndrome: treatment at home with phototherapy. AB - An infant became jaundiced in the neonatal period. The serum bilirubin failed to fall with phototherapy. A diagnosis of Crigler Najjar type 1 syndrome was made by exclusion and confirmed by liver biopsy. The infant has been successfully treated at home with phototherapy. Liver transplantation remains a therapeutic option. PMID- 3227338 TI - Infective endocarditis as a complication of a permanent indwelling right atrial catheter in a patient with severe aplastic anaemia. AB - Endocarditis is a recognized complication of both temporary and permanent indwelling right atrial catheters. Endocardial damage by the catheter may result in non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Sterile vegetations composed of platelets and fibrin may become infected, either by direct spread of bacteria along the catheter, or following an episode of bacteraemia. Bacteria in infected vegetations may be protected from phagocytosis by a 'roof' of fibrin. Echocardiography is a valuable non-invasive method of diagnosis and may be used to monitor the resolution of vegetations and valve function. The right atrial catheter produces reflections which must be distinguished from cardiac abnormalities. We report a case of infective endocarditis in a patient with severe aplastic anaemia and a permanent indwelling right atrial catheter which was managed conservatively. PMID- 3227339 TI - Saddle embolus as first presentation of left atrial myxoma in a 14-year-old girl. AB - A 14-year-old girl was brought to the A & E department minutes after collapsing while out walking minutes earlier. She had developed sudden, severe, cramping pain in her lower abdomen and both legs, and had been incontinent of urine. Earlier that day she had an episode of diarrhoea. The girl was previously in excellent health. PMID- 3227340 TI - Simultaneous bilateral fractures of the femoral neck. AB - An 80-year-old woman suffered bilateral simultaneous fractures of her hips. This is the first reported case in the elderly. Both hips were replaced by Thompson hemi-arthroplasties at the same operation, and the patient was discharged home. PMID- 3227341 TI - Beware beta-adrenergic blockers in patients with severe urticaria! AB - The risks of beta-blockers in asthmatics are well known. However, there are increasing reports of severe, and often refractory, anaphylaxis in patients taking beta-blockers who experience other allergic phenomena. We describe the case of a 69-year-old lady with long-standing recurrent angio-oedema and giant urticaria who was placed on atenolol. Mechanisms whereby beta-blockers may precipitate or exacerbate anaphylaxis are outlined and the treatment of patients with anaphylaxis, taking beta-blockers, is discussed. PMID- 3227342 TI - Colchicine. PMID- 3227343 TI - Seasonal affective disorder: update 1988. PMID- 3227344 TI - Adult victims of childhood sexual abuse: in a clinical population. PMID- 3227345 TI - [Late results in the management of pertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly with the dynamic hip screw]. PMID- 3227346 TI - [Femoral shaft fractures in ipsilateral total hip endoprostheses. Osteosynthesis without the exchange operation?]. PMID- 3227347 TI - [Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament--a diagnostic problem?]. PMID- 3227348 TI - [The wide open tibial fracture--a soft-tissue problem]. PMID- 3227349 TI - Permanence and change in Asian health care traditions. Selections from a symposium. 1985. PMID- 3227350 TI - Permanence and change in Asian health care. PMID- 3227351 TI - The semiotics of ritual healing in a North Indian Muslim shrine. AB - This paper reports phenomenological and semiotic research on therapeutic rituals in a Muslim shrine, concentrating on three cases studies. Women describe their experiences while being possessed by evil spirits and while undergoing ritual healing in the shrine. The semiotic structuring of their experiences and perceptions are analyzed as a culturally coded system of exorcism. PMID- 3227352 TI - Healing thyself: a Korean shaman's afflictions. AB - Accounts of shamans' lives have typically emphasized the shaman's experience of a divine 'calling' and subsequent initiation as the key incidents around which other biographical, psychological, and cultural information may be organized and appreciated. Scholars have thus emphasized those aspects of the shaman's experience which set the shaman apart from other members of her or his society and at the same time, render the shaman comparable to other shamans in other places far removed in time and space. This paper takes a different approach, describing a series of ordinary misfortunes that befell a Korean mansin several years after her initiation, the interpretations she and her colleagues placed upon these events, the advice she received, and the healing strategies she subsequently followed. This discussion reveals those aspects of the shaman's experience that render her more, rather than less, like those she treats and suggests a process whereby the shared reality of shaman and client is realized in lived experiences, rituals, and conversations. PMID- 3227353 TI - Bereavement and loss in two Muslim communities: Egypt and Bali compared. AB - The paper discusses the experimental dimension of bereavement and grief in two Muslim societies, and argues that culture more than religion shapes and organizes responses to loss. The risks to health involved, clearly conceptualized in both societies, require entirely different preventive measures at the popular health care level to accommodate to different, culturally constructed notions of self, body and interpersonal obligation. A plea for indepth studies that focus more on emotional experience in loss than on ritualized mourning is endorsed. PMID- 3227354 TI - The quality of a mother's milk and the health of her child: beliefs and practices of the women of Mithila. AB - Among Maithil women there is an understanding of the relation between a mother's milk and the health of her child. Their understanding is supported by the Ayurvedic tradition. Characteristic is the way in which breast-feeding condenses so many meanings--nutritional, medical and moral--into one act. The mother not only nurses her child but also forms his character, fulfills her own personhood and perpetuates her husband's family. PMID- 3227355 TI - Humoral concepts of mental illness in India. AB - Based on interviews with patients at three allopathic psychiatric clinics in Bombay, Bangalore and Varanasi, employing a preliminary version of the Explanatory Model Interview for Classification (EMIC) to elicit indigenous explanations of illness and patterns of prior help seeking, we discuss popular humoral theories of mental disorder. Even though most laypersons are unfamiliar with the content of the classical treatises of Ayurveda, the humoral traditions which they represent influence current perceptions. Case vignettes clarify the nature of the relationship between cultural, familial and personal factors that influence the experience of illness. PMID- 3227356 TI - Exploring pluralism--the many faces of Ayurveda. AB - This paper argues that because Ayurveda is commonly approached as a single coherent tradition of medicine characterized predominately by the doctrines, clinical practitioners, and medical infrastructure that supports it, the rich diversity of empirical indigenous medicine available in the daily lives of the Sinhalese is often obscured. Thus the numbers of IMPs, the wide range of services they provide, and the importance of Ayurveda and Sinhala medicine as basic explanatory models of health and illness within the general population may be significantly under-estimated in analyses of Sri Lanka's medical system. In practice, Ayurveda is a dynamic phenomenon that offers multifaceted approaches to healing. These diverse healing formats develop to meet the constantly changing needs of the society and of illness patterns. This analysis views illness and health care in terms of the multiple systems of knowledge and action, phenomena and interaction, that characterize them as well as in terms of the medical treatises and institutions that formalize them. In this light, Ayurveda emerges as a plural medical system in itself. As such, it remains a fundamental means of defining and treating illness in Sri Lanka. PMID- 3227357 TI - Ayurvedic treatment for jaundice in Nepal. AB - This paper describes beliefs and practices associated with jaundice and its treatment by ayurvedic physicians (vaidyas) in Kathmandu. It documents continuity of ancient ayurvedic ideas and practices as well as syncretism between ayurvedic and allopathic (Western, biomedical) traditions in modern Nepal. Popular beliefs about the cause of jaundice appear to have evolved to fit therapeutic practices adopted by vaidyas from allopathy. An implication of this finding is that beliefs about causation do not necessarily precede and channel therapeutic choices; they may also function to rationalize and provide meaning to experiences of illness and therapy. The data also suggest a number of hypotheses about the efficacy of ayurvedic treatment for jaundice. PMID- 3227358 TI - Childbearing in Korea. AB - Thirty pregnant women, their families and environment have been submitted to a prospective ethnographic study with inventory of childbearing behavior. The results were two-fold. They allowed on the one hand to reconstruct the traditional Korean birthing system. On the other they revealed an appalling amount of obstetrical pathology. Case examples permit to demonstrate the conflict between the modern and traditional birthing system and how this has adverse effects on the individual woman in the situation of uncontrolled cultural change. PMID- 3227359 TI - Modes of production and medicine: an examination of the theory in light of Sherpa medical traditionalism. AB - Since medical ideologies and socio-economic systems are interdependent, anthropologists have described the tendency of people in developing countries to become more committed to Western medicine as they become more involved in capitalist production. This paper examines the interdependence of socio-economic and medical systems by suggesting explanations for the persistent use of traditional medicine by Nepalese Sherpas who are drawn into the world capitalist economy through tourism. The analysis offers insight on the political economy of health in developing societies by addressing the need to scrutinize variations in pre-capitalist social structures, experience of development, and the practices of traditional healers. PMID- 3227360 TI - Hegemony and healing in rural North Yemen. AB - This article examines medical pluralism by considering how people in a village in North Yemen respond to unusual and to ordinary ailments. The resort to care is explained against a backdrop of increasing economic differentiation and religious orthodoxy in the community. PMID- 3227361 TI - Integration of traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine--right or wrong? AB - The presence of a dualistic medical system in most Asian, African and Latin American countries results from specific historical events. In China, traditional medicine and Western medicine exist side by side during the last century. Through Chinese medicine suffered from discrimination which retarded its development for several decades, under the protection and encouragement of New China's policy, it develops steadily and flourishes. Moreover, a new policy of integrating Chinese with Western medicine is a right orientation for development in China. Yet this is not the only way of development for traditional medicine. New achievements in traditional Chinese medicine prove that this new field is worthy of further exploration. PMID- 3227362 TI - International consultation and the homogenization of psychiatry in Southeast Asia. AB - The nature of psychiatric care varies little among the capital cities of Southeast Asia. Differences that may exist are of degrees along a common dimension. Colonial forces from the past and contemporary diffusion of modern psychiatry have produced this remarkably uniform pattern of thought and treatment across divergent national and cultural boundaries. Our paper analyzes the homogenization of psychiatry in Southeast Asia in three ways. First, we examine international mental health education, consultation and collaboration as interlocking mechanisms for the transfer of psychiatric technology. Second, the indirect and undesirable consequences of the diffusion of psychiatric knowledge and practice are analyzed. Third, we pose recommendations for countering these unanticipated consequences through evaluation research, ethical guidelines, and educational and intervention practices that strengthen indigenous healing resources. PMID- 3227363 TI - Pharmaceuticals and health policy: an Indian example. AB - The production and consumption of allopathic medicines in less developed countries has far-reaching effects. In particular, the legitimization of allopathic medicine endows professional groups and sectors of industry with a special status, supports some patterns of healthcare, and neglects others. Research in India demonstrates that people equate "more drugs' with "a better situation' and this is seen as the most "appropriate' solution to India's pharmaceuticals problems. The belief is expressed in matters such as Government policy on the pharmaceutical industry and the development of health services. However, these dominant assumptions, and the equation of drug prescription with medical practice, have a negative effect on health. PMID- 3227364 TI - Effects of HIV infection, perceived health and clinical status on a cohort at risk for AIDS. AB - Data from a general population sample of 621 healthy homosexual men are used to evaluate the social and emotional effects of HIV antibody status, clinical signs detected by medical examination, and subjectively perceived symptoms. Participants are unaware of their serologic status at the time of data collection, thus allowing the effects of the virus to be separated from reactions to the knowledge of serologic status. The data show that seropositivity for HIV is not associated with elevated levels of social or emotional impairment. Clinical signs lead to impairment in baseline data, but these effects do not persist at a second wave. This weakening suggests that the effects are mediated by psychological pathways rather than biologic ones. This suspicion is confirmed in further analyses, which show that the effects of clinical signs are mediated by subjectively perceived symptoms. These results show that neither social nor emotional impairment is likely to be a prodromal sign of HIV infection in otherwise healthy homosexual men. The substantial levels of distress found among these men is more directly influenced by psychological determinants than biologic ones. This suggests that physicians should be aware of the psychological toll imposed on gay men who develop health problems in the current atmosphere of uncertainty regarding risk of AIDS. PMID- 3227365 TI - Images of general practice: the perceptions of the doctor. AB - During the post second world war period there has been considerable discussion both within and outside the medical profession about what the role of the general practitioner should be. This study, drawing on data gathered from a national representative sample of general practitioners in England and Wales, explores general practitioners' own perceptions of their work role. The evidence shows that general practitioners might be divided into those who see a broad role for the general practitioner and place emphasis on the social aspects of care, and those who see a more traditional role for the general practitioner focusing specifically on organic illness. Those with a social orientation were also more likely to doubt the value of financial incentives, whereas the medical oriented doctors were more likely to say that their behaviour was influenced by financial incentives. The analysis also showed that the medically oriented were distinctly different to those with a social orientation in terms of personal characteristics and the setting in which they worked. The implications of these findings are discussed in full. PMID- 3227366 TI - Self-assessment of health before and after a myocardial infarction. AB - Self-evaluated health represents an important aspect of quality of life that may influence the rehabilitation process after a major illness. However, health is a multi-dimensional concept and relatively little is known about the determinants of, and the interrelationships between the separate aspects of health. In a prospective longitudinal study of myocaridal infarction (MI) patients, two indices of self-evaluated health, maximal physical ability (MPA) and perceived global health (PGH), were used. On the average, both ratings were clearly reduced compared with pre-MI levels even as long as 3-5 yr after the MI. Females and older patients indicated lower MPA before and after the MI, whereas PGH was not related to any sociodemographic variable. The severity of the MI appeared to be of relatively limited importance for self-evaluated health. Heart-related symptoms before and after the MI were more strongly related to lower MPA, whereas non-cardiac health problems and psychological distress more clearly influenced PGH. However, initial illness perceptions were of some importance for both health perceptions. The data suggest that to some extent self-evaluated health can be influenced by educational or psychological support in order to faccilitate readaption and recovery after a MI. PMID- 3227367 TI - Child mortality in a Nigerian city: its levels and socioeconomic differentials. AB - Using the 'indirect' demographic estimation technique, levels of child mortality for some selected socioeconomic characteristics of mothers in Ilorin, an urban community in Nigeria, were derived. The adjusted effects of these variables on child mortality were assessed. The variables found to exert significant independent effects on child mortality included the husbands education, area of residence in the town, the parity of the mother, her use of modern contraception, availability of indoor pipe-borne water and the use of a refrigerator by the household. Reliable or useful information on child mortality in this part of Nigeria is hard to come by, hence, the estimates provided here can serve as useful baseline data for evaluating the impacts of child survival activities that are currently going on in that part of the country. PMID- 3227368 TI - Occupation, marriage and disease-specific mortality concordance. AB - Mortality statistics for more than 500 different occupations were examined for all causes of death, neoplasms, circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, and deaths from external causes. The paper shows that a married woman's life expectancy, and her cause of death, is reliably associated with the occupational mortality risk of her husband. It demonstrates that this is so when social class is controlled, when statistically contaminating 'outliers' are excluded, and when the correlation of any particular cause of death with other causes of death is partialled out. The findings suggest that specific occupational risks are transmitted between marital partners, perhaps through psychological mechanisms. PMID- 3227369 TI - Type A behavior pattern and illness other than coronary heart disease. AB - The paper presents three independent studies. Two are retrospective and one prospective. In the first study three equal groups of subjects participated: 30 myocardial infarction patients, 30 peptic ulcer patients and 30 healthy controls. The second study was run on three groups of military pilots: 36 had diverse cardiological problems, 47 were peptic ulcer patients and 64 were healthy control pilots. The prospective study included military pilots too. The Jenkins Activity Survey, Form C was used to assess the Type A behavior pattern in all subjects. The results of all three studies show high consistency. Persons with circulatory disorders obtained similar scores on Subscale A as those with digestive disorders, and both groups of patients scored significantly higher than the healthy controls. A similar pattern of data was found for the Speed and Impatience Subscale. PMID- 3227370 TI - 'Repetition strain injury': an Australian epidemic of upper limb pain. AB - An analysis is provided of a recent Australian epidemic of an upper limb regional pain syndrome known as 'repetition strain injury' (RSI). 'RSI' was originally attributed to occupational over-use of the upper limb and biomechanical and ergonomic solutions were sought. More sceptical commentators argued that 'RSI' was an epidemic form of hysteria. More recently, a consensus has emerged that the epidemic is attributable to a combination of factors: a change in the perception of endemic symptoms of upper limb pain; the iatrogenic effects of the term 'RSI' and the methods used to manage it; and complications of the medico-legal process in which many sufferers became entangled. PMID- 3227371 TI - Reasons for non-attendance for computer-managed cervical screening: pilot interviews. AB - A pilot interview study looked at reasons why women did not attend a clinic following an invitation for a cervical smear test offered via a computer-managed scheme. Three broad issues were identified. First, the inaccuracy of the computer database (the FPC register) meant some women were inaccessible because they no longer lived at the address recorded. Other women were ineligible or unsuitable within the criteria of the scheme but had been sent invitations inappropriately because their screening records were incomplete or out of date. Second, aspects of service organisation and provision led to misclassification of some attenders as non-attenders and to various failures of communication such as non-receipt of the invitation or health education leaflet or unsuccessful attempts to rearrange appointments. In addition, the appointment or venue offered could be unsatisfactory. The third issue concerned the characteristics of the women which sometimes interacted with practical problems connected with service provision. Other women believed the test to be inappropriate for themselves while some were deterred by the prospect of the test itself. In general, embarrassment was pervasive and reflected in preferences for different types of service provision. Women who had neither attended nor been otherwise tested were particularly likely to express feelings of fear and fatalism. General attitudes to the test were favourable but this was not always applied personally. A typology of reasons for non-attendance for computer-managed cervical screening is presented. PMID- 3227372 TI - Health, apartheid and the frontline states. PMID- 3227373 TI - Health as a target: South Africa's destabilization of Mozambique. AB - Since 1982 attacks on the health services have been an integral part of South African destabilization of Mozambique. After independence in 1975, Mozambique began successfully to implement a primary health care policy. By attacking primary health care units, kidnapping and killing health workers and destroying transport, a South African supported rebel movement has attempted to undermine this policy. The combined effects of the negative economic consequences of the war, the forced displacement of over a million people and the destruction and disruption of health services have worsened the health of the Mozambican people. Preventive programmes have been severely disrupted. Effects on health include an increase in mortality rates, famine and infectious disease epidemics. Similarities exist between this war and the low intensity conflict in Nicaragua. Given the intensity of the onslaught, the primary health care system has proved remarkably resistant to destruction. PMID- 3227374 TI - Labour insecurity and health: an epidemiological study in Zimbabwe. AB - Existing data on health status and health care provision in agricultural labour communities in Zimbabwe indicate that both are poor. In addition, there is evidence that the concentration of capital through increased areas of landholdings, through mechanisation and use of agrochemicals produces a rise in under- and unemployment within the agricultural sector, which increases the risk of ill health. This paper addresses this question in Zimbabwe by examining the nature of developments within the large scale agricultural sector in the last decade, and the consequent effects on employment and income. Rising capital intensity in the private large scale sector is found to be associated with increases in unemployment and underemployment. The impact of this socioeconomic pattern on health is assessed in a longitudinal assessment of 78 permanent labour families and 76 non-permanent (underemployed) labour families in the large scale farming sector. The study shows that while poor social, economic and health conditions exist in all groups, non-permanent labour households suffer greater insecurity of employment and income, poorer health status and lesser participation in sociopolitical structures important for negotiating primary health care gains. PMID- 3227375 TI - Techniques of healing in Southeast Asia. PMID- 3227377 TI - Folk medicine in Laos: a comparison between two ethnic groups. AB - Folk healing was studied in two ethnic groups of Laos during the period 1965-75. Hmong, mostly illiterate and animistic, lived in highly autonomous villages within an atomistic society, occupying remote and sparsely populated mountains. Lao, mostly literate and Buddhist, lived in lowland towns and villages within a hierarchical and integrated society, occupying the densely populated Mekong flood plain. Folk healing systems of both groups demonstrated similarities regarding folk syndromes and folk modalities. Differences included more complex theories about illness, greater number of folk practitioner types and greater differentiation of the shaman role (i.e. into separate priest and healer roles) in the more complex Lao society. PMID- 3227376 TI - The interplay of traditional therapies in south Thailand. AB - Discernible among the diversity of folk-medical practitioners of Songkhla, Thailand, are three prominent therapeutic traditions: those of the herbalists, folk psychotherapists, and supernaturalists. Most curers describe themselves as specialists in one or another of these modes, but at the same time, many also recognize multiple levels of causation and multi-modal treatment alternatives for any specific affliction. Accordingly, they liberally apply their own therapeutic orientation to afflictions ordinarily diagnosed as calling for treatment in modes other than their own. To treat afflictions normally outside their own domain, they call on metaphorical principles to render their traditional techniques and paraphernalia applicable to a greater variety of illnesses. In this way they strive to attract a wider variety of clientele in the increasingly competitive environment created by the expansion of modern medical facilities. An analysis of this system contributes to our understanding of therapeutic pluralism in these times of rapid culture change. PMID- 3227378 TI - Healing texts and healing techniques in indigenous Balinese medicine. AB - Case histories of three prominent Balinese healers illustrate various ways that indigenous medical texts are used in healing. Most healers employ mantras, spells and inscriptions from the texts because they believe them to have innate power which can heal. A smaller group of healers are literate in the archaic language used in the palm-leaf medical manuscripts. However, their use of these manuscripts often differs from the literal and unambiguous way that Westerners read medical documents. An examination of Balinese medical manuscripts, in the context of the conventions of Balinese literature, demonstrates the use of these texts to align the body with the macrocosm and to reaffirm the beliefs of the ancestors. PMID- 3227379 TI - Wayward winds: Malay archetypes, and theory of personality in the context of shamanism. AB - In comparing shamanistic healing with Western psychotherapy, the principal distinctions advanced by psychiatrists and psychologists have been: (1) that the shaman's patients receive 'remission without insight' while Western psychotherapy provides patients with a learning experience; and (2) that Western psychotherapy is based upon rational theory, whereas psychotherapeutic elements in shamanistic rituals are by-products of irrational magical activity. Anthropologists, on the other hand, have demonstrated the logic behind the shaman's seance, and its uses as a projective system which locates the patient's problems in external entities rather than within his own psyche. An investigation of the Malay shamanistic ritual (Main Peteri) expands the scope of discussion, since it reveals that embedded within this exorcistic spirit-raising seance is a nonprojective indigenous theory of psychic functioning, employing symbols internal to the patient, which is comparable to, and no more nor less rational than, mainstream Western theories. PMID- 3227380 TI - Healing boundaries in south Kalimantan. AB - In the Meratus Mountains of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, a number of intersecting discourses on the body compete to clarify and legitimize health practices and curing techniques. Meratus Dayak shamans cure through chants that metaphorically open and expand social and somatic boundaries; they open up the pores to let in healthy cosmic flows and to remove intrusive foreign objects caused by a patient's narrow-focused definition of self-interest and personal space. In contrast, neighboring Banjar Muslims fortify their boundaries against debilitating intrusions--like poisoned winds and poisoned foods--and messy extrusions--like the spilled blood of vampire's mouths and women's vaginas. In the ensuing ethnic dialog, Meratus shamans are cast as perpetrators as well as curers of the kind of illness-causing sorcery that makes Banjar most vulnerable. The contrasts, and the combinations, of these two curing systems highlight the internal logic of each as well as the social conditions of their continuing practice. PMID- 3227381 TI - Severing the bonds of love: a case study in soul loss. AB - Karo Batak ceremonial curing practices in urban Indonesia take place in a disputed zone of acts and meanings, in which neither social nor cultural coherence can be presumed by the analyst. Examining the therapeutic efforts of an urban Karo spirit possession cult aimed at curing the soul loss suffered by a young man, the Christian son of one of the cult's premier spirit mediums, this paper questions the relevance of the 'integrative model' in such cases, and suggests an alternative approach, looking at the sets of social, cultural and interpersonal tensions that run through the cult's practices and which, at the same time, those practices seek to contain. PMID- 3227382 TI - Ambiguity, synecdoche and affect in Semai medicine. AB - Semai descriptions of their beliefs about health and disease vary from person to person. Moreover, at different times the same person expresses mutually incongruent beliefs. This amorphousness and fluidity merit analysis rather than neatening. This paper details Semai beliefs, loose ends and all, and suggests that their formal peculiarities are due to the prevalence of synecdoche in conceptual organization. Their inconsistency and fluidity may stem from individualistic egalitarianism within Semai society and powerlessness in the face of nonSemai attack. Finally, it is suggested that construing indigenous medicine as a crude form of Western medicine leads to overtidiness and consequent error. PMID- 3227383 TI - Transforming China's collective health care system: a village study. AB - This paper examines the establishment of a health care system in Lin Village, Fujian Province, southeast China, under the collective commune organization in 1968, and its transformation since 1978 when the government dismantled rural communal organizations. Based on field data collected in 1984-85, this paper compares the finance, training, and operation of this village-based medical facility during these two time periods. This study also identifies both benefits and problems that may affect the well-being of villagers when collective medicine is turned into individual profit-seeking pursuits. PMID- 3227384 TI - Post-1950 mortality trends and medical care: gains in life expectancy due to declines in mortality from conditions amenable to medical intervention in The Netherlands. AB - In order to assess the impact of medical care innovations on post-1950 mortality in The Netherlands, we analysed trends in mortality from a selection of conditions suggested by Rutstein et al.'s lists of "unnecessary untimely mortality". This selection covers 11 types of innovation, and includes 35 conditions which have become amenable to medical care. Loglinear regression analysis shows that for most of these conditions mortality declined during each of two subperiods (1950-1968; 1969-1984). Mortality decline accelerated in the second subperiod for many conditions. Reductions in mortality from these conditions between 1950/54 and 1980/84 added 2.96 and 3.95 years to life expectancy at birth of Dutch males and Dutch females respectively. A priori evidence indicates that these mortality reductions are due to some extent to 'spontaneous' incidence declines. Although the exact contribution of medical care innovations to these changes in mortality thus cannot be determined, the impact of medical care on post-1950 mortality in The Netherlands could well have been substantial. PMID- 3227385 TI - Contributions of patients to general practitioner consultations in relation to their understanding of doctor's instructions and advice. AB - 126 patients of 6 general practitioners were tape recorded in consultation with their doctor and interviewed immediately afterwards, and 81 of the patients were interviewed again 2 days later. We related the accuracy of patients' accounts of the instructions and advice they were offered to two characteristics of patient's participation during their consultation: (i) the frequency of spontaneous comments or queries about diagnosis, cause, consequences or treatment of the problem presented, and (ii) the frequency of comments and queries which sought to clarify something said by the doctor. The incidence of the latter was unrelated to accuracy of patients' subsequent accounts. However, people who made errors or omissions in both immediate and home interviews in their accounts of instructions and advice offered, were more likely than those who gave accurate accounts to have produced spontaneous comments or queries during their consultation. Whether the doctor accepted, rejected or ignored these ideas was irrelevant to the incidence of post-consultation errors and omissions. PMID- 3227386 TI - Mortality and living conditions: relative mortality levels and their relation to the physical quality of life in urban populations. AB - The general inverse association between mortality and the availability of material resources has been well established in large populations. Using data for Israeli urban locations, we show that indirectly standardized mortality ratios (SMR) are well able to capture this relationship in small populations for which reliable age specific mortality data are not available; and that they are inversely related to the standard of living, as measured by a variety of census based indicators. It is thus suggested that SMRs offer a ready indicator of living standards in populations for which more specific indicators may not be readily accessible. PMID- 3227387 TI - Regional variations in cardiovascular mortality in Sweden--structural vulnerability in the local community. AB - The aim of this investigation was to study the connection between various phenomena in the local community and the number of deaths from ischemic heart disease (IHD) for both men and women in the 45-64 age group in the period 1979 1983. The result reveals considerable regional variation. Those areas with an above average male IHD mortality also tended to differ from the norm as regards labour market, and socioeconomic conditions. There was a tendency for unemployment to be higher, the level of employment to be lower, and the number of households with no or only one person gainfully employed larger; there also tended to be more people who had taken or been forced into early retirement, average incomes tended to be lower and there was an above average proportion of blue-collar workers and a below average proportion of white-collar workers. Furthermore, there proved to be a larger proportion of older men. The factors which did not seem to be related to the number of IHD deaths were the divorce rate in the community and the degree of population density. As regards women, there was a less marked connection between the various regional phenomena and the number of IHD deaths. The mortality rate proved to be related to only two factors: the level of unemployment in the community and the proportion of high income earners. There was a tendency, albeit weak, that areas with an above average mortality also had an above average rate of unemployment and a lower than average proportion of high-income earners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227388 TI - Ritual coordination of medical pluralism in highland Nepal: implications for policy. AB - In highland Nepal, just as in many other regions of South Asia, multiple indigenous healing traditions and a variety of traditional curing specialists co exist in a pluralistic cultural environment. It is argued that the interaction of diverse medical traditions is a particular aspect of the more general tendency toward the accretion and super-imposition of cultural traits which has been a common feature of Hindu-influenced social systems. Allopathic medicine and its practitioners, therefore, are less likely to displace traditional curing practices than to become integrated into a network characterized by continued pluralism. To insure that allopathy is properly understood and utilized within the pluralistic context, the identification and training of coordinating personnel who may specialize in diagnosis or referral demonstrates promise. The traditional curing network of the Thakali people of Northwest Nepal is described, with particular attention to the mu tu ceremony of divination, as an example of an indigenous agency of medical referral. It is suggested that referral specialists such as the Buddhist monks who perform mu tu are particularly appropriate targets for health education initiatives aimed at familiarizing village populations with the role and proper usage of modern medicine. PMID- 3227389 TI - Towards a conceptual framework of lay evaluation of health care. AB - It is argued in this paper that much of the empirical research into the public's and patients' perceptions of the adequacy of health care has suffered from conceptual weaknesses. In addition, and maybe as a result of these weaknesses, a contradictory pattern of findings has emerged from this research. To overcome some of these problems it is suggested that an investigation of lay evaluation of health care should be carried out within a conceptual framework which incorporates the following elements. (i) The goals of those seeking health care in each specific instance. (ii) The level of experience of use of health care. (iii) The socio-political values upon which the particular health care system is based. (iv) The images of health held by the lay population. Each of these elements interrelates with the others and their influence will be mediated through socio-demographic characteristics of the service users. PMID- 3227390 TI - Oral contraceptives, sociocultural beliefs and psychiatric symptoms. AB - The occurrence of psychiatric symptoms as detected by the General Health Questionnaire was examined in three groups of Moslem women. Those who used oral contraceptives were compared to those who used local contraceptives and those using no contraceptives in relation to their beliefs about prohibition of contraception by the Islamic religious code and/or about possible health hazards of contraception. Those who held one or both sets of adverse beliefs had significantly more symptoms. However the fact that women on oral contraceptives had most symptoms has been attributed to the repetitive nature of pill-taking acting as a reminder of the presumed adversity and/or to the biochemical effects of oral contraceptives. PMID- 3227391 TI - Identifying factors associated with health care use: a hospital-based risk screening index. AB - The purpose of the current study was to identify variables near hospital admission that could effectively discriminate patients at risk for nursing home placement, long hospital stay, or readmission. Risk factors reported in the literature were used to predict hospital outcome for 532 admissions. Factors that discriminated type of outcome included: two or more chronic medical conditions, living alone or being admitted from a nursing home, dependent ambulation, poor mental status, psychiatric comorbidity, prior admission, age over 75, and being unmarried. Using these criteria, an index was developed to determine risk for placement, readmission, or lengthy stay. Use of cumulative risk scores can result in accurate prediction of outcome and may be useful in targeting patients for intervention. Performance characteristics of the risk index are discussed. PMID- 3227392 TI - Computerized calculation of essential drug requirements. AB - The implementation of an effective essential drug programme, although accepted by most WHO member states is still meeting serious problems. Apart from politics the reasons for this slow implementation should be sought in organizational difficulties. A methodology for the calculation of national drug requirements has been developed for Gabon based on standard treatments and estimated number of cases per disease (also known as the demand-morbidity method). Allocation of these drugs to the Gabonese health institutions is calculated based on data from the existing health information system such as days of hospitalization and number of patient visits. A rudimentary form of the demand-morbidity method has been used manually in the past but was extremely cumbersome. Modern microcomputers and standard software have now improved speed and flexibility of the method and have therefore made its implementation feasible even in developing countries. The advantages of the method are the improved availability of essential drugs at all levels of the health system and a decrease of the required drug budget (for Gabon it was calculated that a saving of 45% could be obtained). The method makes possible interaction between health planners and peripheral staff unimaginable a few years ago. PMID- 3227393 TI - Adolescents and nuclear arms issues. AB - Concerned about adolescents' reactions to the ever present nuclear threat, we surveyed 10,720 high school students in New Jersey, U.S.A. Half felt anxious about an accidental war and expected a major nuclear blast. One-quarter expected a nuclear war involving the United States, and one-fifth expected to die in a nuclear blast. Most expected the United States to be destroyed if a major nuclear war occurred, did not believe that long term survival after the initial exchanges is possible, or that civil defense preparations can be effective. Responses were similar across economic background, time period and type of high school. PMID- 3227394 TI - Life stressors and social resources: an integrated assessment approach. AB - The Life Stressors and Social Resources Inventory (LISRES) is described. The inventory provides an integrated assessment of an individual's life context. It taps both relatively stable and new aspects of life stressors and social resources in eight domains: physical health, home/neighborhood, financial, work, spouse/partner, children, extended family, and friends. The indices were developed on data obtained at two points in time from groups of depressed patients, alcoholic patients, arthritic patients, and healthy adults. The indices are internally consistent, moderately intercorrelated, and relatively stable over time. In addition, they are predictably related to changes in respondents' functioning. Although more developmental work is needed, the LISRES has some potential clinical and research applications and may be helpful in examining the process of stress and coping. PMID- 3227395 TI - [Alcohol in saliva]. PMID- 3227396 TI - Biotechnology and visceral leishmaniasis in the World Health Organization's Southeast Asian region: research and reality. PMID- 3227397 TI - Simple serological tests for detecting classical heat labile enterotoxin (LT-I) of Escherichia coli. AB - Diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) remains a problem in Southeast Asia. At present, no routine laboratories as yet are available for ETEC detection. In this study, attempts were made to produce reagents for use in simple serological tests for detecting LT. The serological methods were the Biken, the staphylococcal coagglutination and the reverse passive hemagglutination tests. For the Biken test, medium was prepared locally by mixing constituents as described previously by Honda et al., (1981). Anti-CT-B subunit was prepared by immunizing a rabbit with commercial CT-B subunits (Sigma). Other chemical reagents e.g. colistin, lincomycin etc. were obtained from the local supplies. Using the locally made reagents to detect LT from 100 WHO reference strains of E. coli by the Biken test, it was found that the test had 100%, 92%, 96%, 100% and 92.5% of specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, respectively. Protein A rich Staphylococcus aureus from the stock culture of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University were grown in suitable medium i.e. blood agar containing lincomycin (BA-Lin). Suitable amount of the rabbit anti CT-B subunit (0.1 ml) was used to sensitize each ml of the formalinized, heat-fixed bacteria. The sensitized bacteria were used for detecting LT in the lysates of the 100 E. coli reference strains. The lysates were prepared by growing the E. coli strains on BA-Lin medium for 8 hours, then a loopful of each strain was inoculated into colistin solution (20,000 unit/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227398 TI - High prevalence of delta virus infection in Thai intravenous drug abusers. AB - The prevalence of antibodies to delta virus (anti-delta) in the selected groups of hepatitis B surface antigenemia population was investigated. The subjects were 84 intravenous drug abusers; 20 chronic hepatitis, 12 cirrhosis, 6 primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 46 asymptomatic healthy carriers. Anti-delta was detected in 65.48% of intravenous drug abusers, 11.11% of chronic active hepatitis and 8.33% of cirrhosis cases. None of asymptomatic carriers had anti delta. In addition, 51 acute icteric hepatitis B patients who were positive for HBs Ag and 20 IV drug abusers positive for anti-HBc only (HBsAg and anti-HBs negative) were negative for anti-delta. PMID- 3227399 TI - A serologic survey of rice-field leptospirosis in Central Luzon, Philippines. AB - Although human cases of leptospirosis have been reported from the Philippines, there is a lack of data on its prevalence. We therefore surveyed three rice farming villages for the presence of leptospiral antibody. Out of 155 sera tested, 63 (43.6%) tested positive using the standard microagglutination test. Antibodies were more frequent in men than women (48 vs. 31%, respectively, p less than 0.01), and less common in the elderly. Exposure to leptospires occurs frequently in rice farmers, and leptospirosis is likely to be an underdiagnosed cause of both mild and severe febrile illness in the Philippines. PMID- 3227400 TI - Serodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for serodiagnosis of human ocular and visceral gnathostomiasis in comparison to an indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and precipitin (PPT) tests. The ELISA antibody titers were found to range from 1:400 to 1:51,200 against somatic and 1:200 to 1:25,600 against excretory-secretory (ES) antigens. When sera were tested at single dilutions, the ELISA was positive in 7 of 8 gnathostomiasis cases while only 5 and 3 were positive by IHA and PPT respectively. The overall specificity of the ELISA was 96.7% and 97.4% with somatic and ES antigens respectively. Since somatic and ES antigens produced similar ELISA results, either can be used for diagnostic purpose. It was suggested that the ELISA was a reliable serodiagnostic test for human gnathostomiasis. PMID- 3227401 TI - Incidence of bacteremia in patients with opisthorchiasis during recurrent cholangitis. AB - A total of 257 haemocultures were performed in 50 patients with opisthorchiasis when they presented signs and symptoms of biliary tract infection. 19 patients showed positive haemoculture. There are no significant relationship between the age of the patient and the incidence of positive haemoculture. Septic shock occurred in 5 patients, one patient died. Out of 221 aerobic cultures, 14% were positive and of the 36 anaerobic cultures 11% were positive. The most common organism was Staphylococcus followed by Klebsiella and Bacillus spp. Anaerobic bacterias were Streptococcus spp. Clostridia spp. was not found in this study. Most organisms were sensitive to cefotaxime, cephalothin, kanamycin and chloramphenicol, and the least sensitive to ampicillin. PMID- 3227402 TI - Antibody responses in human gnathostomiasis. AB - Sera from 4 patients with parasitologically confirmed gnathostomiasis and from 18 healthy individuals were studied by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis using radioiodinated protein A to detect antibody responses against crude aqueous somatic extract of advanced third stage larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum (L3G). It was found that the L3G extract was highly complex, comprising of more than 40 polypeptides among which more than 20 components were antigenic in human. The relative M.W. of the proteins ranged from 13 kd to 150 kd with the major antigenic bands at 150, 135, 120, 94, 84, 82, 72, 55, 54, 49, 43, 38, 35, 32 and 28 kd. All 4 sera from gnathostomiasis patients gave almost an identical pattern of reactivities against the L3G antigens whereas sera from the normal individuals gave much lower reactivities against the L3G antigen of M.W. 38 kd and, in certain individuals, those of 49 and 43 kd. The present findings suggest that the serum antibody response against the parasite is specific and may be useful in a specific or a confirmed immunodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis. PMID- 3227404 TI - Bionomics of Anopheles maculatus complex and their role in malaria transmission in Thailand. AB - The bionomics of Anopheles maculatus complex and its role in malaria transmission were conducted in Pakchong and Sadao districts, Nakhon Ratchasima and Songkhla provinces, respectively, from January 1984 to July 1985. In Pakchong, An. maculatus species A was the most dominant species, followed by species B form F and species C which was rare. The densities of species A and species B form F were high between July and November, with their peaks in October. Biting activities of both species occurred through out the night, with a major peak during the first quarter of the night on all seasons. In Sadao, only An. maculatus species B form E was detected with peak densities between February and June. Biting activities of this species varied according to seasons. The prevalence of mosquitoes was influenced by monthly rainfall, relative humidity and air-temperature. All species of female An. maculatus complex studied prefered to feed on animal rather than on human, and tended to bit human more outdoors than indoors, and thus exhibiting a zoophilic and exophagic behaviour. Life expectancies of An. maculatus species A ranged from 1.6 to 6.6 days, species B form F from 1.1 to 8.1 days, and species B form E from 0.7 to 21.2 days. The natural malaria infection rate was very low. Out of 4,430 guts dissected, only 0.23% were found infected with oocysts. There were no sporozoites detected in the 4,472 dissected salivary glands. PMID- 3227403 TI - Inhibition of tolbutamide metabolism by antimalarial drugs. AB - The effects of mefloquine (MQ), the combination of MQ with sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (MSP), sulfadoxine (S), pyrimethamine (P) quinine (Q) and quinidine (Qd) on in vitro hepatic metabolism has been studied using tolbutamide as a substrate. The hydroxylation of tolbutamide was determined in the presence of variable concentrations of each compound. Tolbutamide hydroxylase activity in control microsomes was 0.20 +/- 0.13 nmole/min/mg microsomal protein at a substrate concentration of 150 microM. All compounds studied inhibited tolbutamide metabolism as shown by a decrease in 4-hydroxytolbutamide formation. The order of potency of the inhibitors was MSP greater than S greater than MQ greater than Q greater than Qd greater than P. MQ, MSP, S, Q, and Qd were examined in detail for the type of inhibition. MQ and Qd were non-competitive inhibitors, whereas MSP and S were competitive inhibitors and Q was an uncompetitive inhibitor of tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation. These data provide more information on the inhibitory potential of some antimalarial drugs on microsomal enzymes in human liver. S has been shown to be a potent inhibitor in vitro and this finding possibly explains the longer T 1/2 and MRT of MQ when co administered with S in healthy volunteers. Further studies in man should be attempted in order to understand the clinical relevance of the inhibitory potential of the antimalarial drugs. PMID- 3227405 TI - Bionomics of Anopheles minimus and its role in malaria transmission in Thailand. AB - The bionomics of Anopheles minimus, one of the main malaria vectors in Thailand, were conducted in Pakchong district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, from January 1984 to June 1985. The prevalence of An. minimus was influenced by monthly rainfall, relative humidity, temperature and wind velocity, with a major peak of density from September to November. An. minimus preferred to feed on animal rather than on human, tended to bite human more outdoors than indoors, and thus exhibiting zoophilic and exophilic behaviour. The biting activity of the mosquitoes on animal exhibited high densities throughout the night in all seasons, whereas on human they tended to be an early evening biter in the dry cool season, and early morning biter in the wet season, and thus increasing the chance of man-vector contact. The life expectancy of An. minimus varied from month to month, ranging from 2.7 to 11.5 days, with the longest longevity during the dry cool season. The natural malaria infection rate of this species was very low. Out of 1,518 dissected guts, only 0.4% were found infected with oocysts. There were no sporozoites detected in the 1,560 dissected salivary glands. PMID- 3227406 TI - Investigation of the causes of suboptimal haemoglobin response to iron supplementation. AB - The investigation concerned 572 children, 6-11 years of age, who were divided into three groups: urban control, rural control and rural study. During the first phase of supplementation, each child received 120 mg of elemental iron (as ferrous sulphate) with 0.50 mg of folic acid daily for 60 school days (five days a week) which resulted in a suboptimal haemoglobin concentration. During the second phase, all groups continued to take iron-folate tablets for 60 school days while the children in the study group also received protein, vitamins and minerals. Final blood examinations showed no significant difference in mean haemoglobin concentrations between the rural study and rural control groups. Only 1.5% of all children had haemoglobin below 12 g/dl. It can therefore be concluded that strict supervision of iron tablet intake and long-term supplementation with iron are essential for optimal haemoglobin response. PMID- 3227407 TI - Aeromonas infection following a snake bite: a case report. AB - A twelve year-old Thai boy with fulminating Aeromonas hydrophila infection of the right arm following a snake bite was reported. He recovered uneventfully after appropriate antimicrobial therapy and surgical intervention. PMID- 3227408 TI - Childhood melioidosis in northeastern Thailand. AB - Eighteen cases of childhood melioidosis in Northeastern Thailand were reviewed. The mean age was 6.8 years with a range from eight months to 15 years. Twelve cases (66.7%) had localized melioidosis, six of which had pneumonia. Three patients were diagnosed as pharyngocervical melioidosis, the newly recognized syndrome. Nine cases (50.0%) had associated diseases including dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in five cases. In all five cases, melioidosis was diagnosed during the convalescent stage as a cause of pyrexia with or without pneumonia. Pseudomonas pseudomallei strains isolated from 12 patients were all sensitive to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and kanamycin. Ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were also active against all six isolates tested. Three cases died, all were diagnosed as disseminated septicaemic melioidosis at postmortem. The overall mortality rate was 16.7%. The septicaemic form of melioidosis can resemble many diseases such as septicaemia due to Staphylococcus aureus or gram negative organisms other than P. pseudomallei while the localized from may mimic pulmonary tuberculosis. A high index of clinical suspicion is required in making a diagnosis of melioidosis, particularly in areas where the disease is endemic. PMID- 3227409 TI - Epidemiology and characterization of leptospirosis at an urban and provincial site in Thailand. AB - Patients with FUOs at the Children's Hospital in Bangkok and the Chao Phya Abhai Bhu Bejhr Hospital in Prachinburi were screened for leptospirosis by blood and urine culture in addition to microagglutination testing of their serum. Animal populations in urban and periurban areas of Bangkok were surveyed for evidence of leptospira infection. Three rural sites near the Prachinburi Provincial Hospital were also surveyed. The rodents' and domestic animals' blood, urine, and/or kidney cell samples were cultured for leptospira. Sera from these animals were also tested for leptospira antibody. The bataviae serovar was the most commonly detected leptospiral agent in both man and animals. Presenting symptoms varied with age with children showing primarily fever, vomiting, headache, abdominal and generalized muscle pain and diarrhea whereas adults had fever, headache, anorexia, muscle pain and constipation. Blood samples from patients suspected of having leptospirosis were tested for antibody by the MAT and cultured in EMJH media. The following serogroups were identified: bataviae, autumanalis, javanica, hebdomadis, and pyrogens. Leptospirosis incidence in humans was much higher in the rainy/flooding year of 1983 compared to the relatively dry year of 1984. Results of our animal surveillance studies indicate that in addition to rats, which have previously been mentioned, dogs, bandicoots, cattle and pigs could be the source of human leptospirosis infection in both urban and provincial locations in Thailand. PMID- 3227410 TI - Surveillance of food poisoning outbreaks in Thailand 1981-1986. AB - In the period of 1981-1986, eighteen outbreaks of food poisoning following ingestion of insecticide contaminated food were reported to the Division of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health. There were 678 individuals experiencing illness, of which 9 cases died. Out of 18 outbreaks, 16 involving 615 cases resulted from carbamate (Methomyl and Propoxur) intoxications. The remaining two outbreaks were caused by organophosphate (Coumaphos) and organochlorine (DDT). The case fatality rate was much higher with Coumaphos than Methomyl; and no death was reported among Propoxur and DDT victims. Desserts and beverages were found to be the main vehicles, and private home was the most common place for the outbreaks of food poisoning caused by ingestion of insecticide contaminated food. PMID- 3227411 TI - Malayan filariasis in Bangkok? PMID- 3227412 TI - Transient rise in Opisthorchis egg count after praziquantel treatment. PMID- 3227413 TI - Susceptibility of Tricula aperta (beta race) to Paragonimus heterotremus. PMID- 3227414 TI - Distribution of Paragonimus heterotremus metacercariae in fresh water crab, Tiwaripotamon beusekomae-Bott 1970. PMID- 3227415 TI - [The role of day hospitals in the rational use of the hospital bed fund]. PMID- 3227416 TI - [Economic effectiveness of the rehabilitation of patients after operations on the stomach and biliary tract]. PMID- 3227417 TI - [Ethical and deontological evaluation of the activities of district physicians and public health administrators]. PMID- 3227418 TI - [Ways of increasing the effectiveness of the sanatorium and health resort stages of rehabilitation treatment of gynecologic patients]. PMID- 3227419 TI - [The role of the All-Union Council of Health Education in the reorganization of anti-alcoholism propaganda]. PMID- 3227420 TI - [Reorganization of sanitary and epidemiologic services]. PMID- 3227421 TI - [Ways of improving mass screening of the population]. PMID- 3227422 TI - [Incidence and structure of orthopedic diseases in schoolchildren]. PMID- 3227424 TI - [Improving the control of injuries in the Krivoi Rog iron ore region]. PMID- 3227423 TI - [Organization of a medico-genetics center within a district clinical hospital]. PMID- 3227425 TI - [Participation of students in the socio-hygienic studies of families]. PMID- 3227426 TI - [Ways of improving neonatal hospital services]. PMID- 3227427 TI - [The factory-territorial principle of medical services for industrial workers]. PMID- 3227428 TI - [Consultation-diagnostic centers--an important link in increasing the effectiveness of health care]. PMID- 3227429 TI - [A medical passport]. PMID- 3227430 TI - [Public health on the path to reorganization]. PMID- 3227431 TI - [Primary disability at petroleum chemical plants]. PMID- 3227432 TI - [Use of computers in the organization of mass screening]. PMID- 3227433 TI - [Opinion of the population with regard to mass screening by the CASMSP (Complex Automated System of Mass Screening of the Population) system]. PMID- 3227434 TI - [Mass screening of families of frequently ill children]. PMID- 3227436 TI - [Medico-social study of the family in the physicians' training program]. PMID- 3227435 TI - [Preventive services for a healthy population]. PMID- 3227437 TI - [Test examinations in social hygiene and public health administration]. PMID- 3227439 TI - [The family physician in the system of ambulatory-polyclinical services for the urban population]. PMID- 3227438 TI - [Organization of medico-social services for families in the Hungarian People's Republic]. PMID- 3227440 TI - [Clinical picture of diphtheria in adults]. PMID- 3227441 TI - [Neurological and electroencephalographic aspects of differential diagnosis of alcoholic delirium and delirious conditions in pancreatitis]. PMID- 3227442 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of congenital hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 3227443 TI - [Sodium oxybutyrate in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (clinico physiological study)]. PMID- 3227444 TI - [A case of Wegener's disease]. PMID- 3227445 TI - [A case of recurrent myocardial infarction after discontinuation of the treatment with beta adrenergic receptor blockaders]. PMID- 3227446 TI - [March fracture (Deutschlander's disease) in sportsmen]. PMID- 3227447 TI - [Value of various biochemical indicators of the bile for elaboration of the therapeutic tactics in chronic cholecystitis]. PMID- 3227448 TI - [Cardiac hemodynamics in esophageal cancer at different stages of its combined treatment]. PMID- 3227449 TI - [Erythroid antigens in children with hemoblastoses]. PMID- 3227450 TI - [Hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 3227451 TI - [Thermography in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3227452 TI - [Contribution of science to national economy]. PMID- 3227453 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in stomach and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 3227454 TI - [Effect of pacemaker implantation on the psychoemotional status of patients]. PMID- 3227455 TI - [Evaluation of left-ventricular regional myocardial contractility by the method of two-dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 3227456 TI - [Prognostic value of high leukocytosis in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3227457 TI - [Detection of the clinico-pathogenetic variants of bronchial asthma in a polyclinic]. PMID- 3227458 TI - [Acute pneumonia complicating influenza]. PMID- 3227459 TI - [Dipeptidase activity in the small intestine in chronic diseases of the digestive organs]. PMID- 3227460 TI - [Treatment of chronic erosions of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 3227461 TI - [Preservation of optimal gastric blood flow after gastrectomy in patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3227462 TI - [Studies on autopsy cases of infections with rheumatoid arthritis--with reference to bacterial infections]. PMID- 3227463 TI - [The discrepancy on measurement of parathyroid hormone in blood under the condition of diseases in hemodialysis patients with renal insufficiency and elderly osteoporotic patients]. PMID- 3227464 TI - [Clinical and histological analysis of the femoral head in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3227465 TI - [Association of severity of rheumatoid arthritis and HLA-DR antigen]. PMID- 3227466 TI - [Quantitative measurement of rheumatoid factor by latex photometric immunoassay, and its clinical significance in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3227467 TI - [A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with apallic syndrome disclosed central nervous system abnormality by electroencephalogram from early stage]. PMID- 3227468 TI - [Seven cases of polymyalgia rheumatica--with special reference to clinical features]. PMID- 3227469 TI - [Prednisolone and aspirin combination therapy in habitual abortion with autoantibodies]. PMID- 3227470 TI - Serum concentration of protein CA-125 in women with pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - The concentration of the protein CA-125 in serum was determined in women with a normal pelvis visualized at laparoscopy (control group, n = 15) and compared with serum levels of this protein in women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (n = 14). Mean serum concentrations of CA-125 were similar in the two groups: 17.4 +/- 2.3 (SE) units/ml for the control group vs. 17.0 +/- 4.3 units/ml for those with PID (P greater than 0.05). In addition, women with chlamydial cervicitis, histologically confirmed endometritis, and laparoscopically documented salpingitis had CA-125 levels that were not significantly different from those of controls. We conclude that serum levels of CA-125 will not be useful in the diagnosis of PID. PMID- 3227471 TI - Recurrent genital herpes: what helps adjustment? AB - Psychosocial adjustment to recurrent genital infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) varies greatly among individuals. To identify the factors predictive of psychosocial adjustment to recurrent genital HSV infections, we analyzed data from interviews and psychological tests conducted with infected individuals. We found that avoidant coping strategies such as denial and social support from a counselor were negatively correlated with adjustment to genital HSV, whereas cognitive coping strategies and social support from one's spouse or lover were positively correlated with adjustment. We conclude that psychosocial adjustment to recurrent genital HSV infections might be facilitated by sharing one's diagnosis with supportive intimate others and avoiding denial as a defense mechanism. PMID- 3227472 TI - Dual infection of the conjunctiva with herpes simplex virus and Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - We describe a homosexual man with simultaneous infection of the conjunctiva by Herpes simplex virus and Chlamydia trachomatis. This dual infection was associated with a genital and disseminated Herpes simplex virus infection as well as asymptomatic chlamydial infection of the rectum and "nonspecific" urethritis. The findings in this case show the importance of laboratory investigation in cases of conjunctivitis associated with genital infection. PMID- 3227473 TI - Chlamydial salpingitis in female guinea pigs receiving oral contraceptives. AB - Female guinea pigs were given daily doses of a combination of oral contraceptive (OC) agents, consisting of mestranol and norethynodrel suspended in sesame oil or distilled H2O, and were infected in the genital tract with the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC). Counts of chlamydial inclusions in cells of vaginal smears collected during infection, showed prolongation and enhancement of infection in OC-treated animals as compared with controls. Appearance of IgG and IgA antibodies to GPIC in genital secretions, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was also delayed in OC-treated animals as compared with controls. OC-treated infected animals were killed on days 15 and 43, and gross pathological evidence for ascending infection culminating in salpingitis was found in all of five and four of five animals, respectively. On the other hand, among untreated infected controls on each sacrifice day, only one of five animals had any evidence for ascending infection. Chlamydiae were detected by light and electron microscopy in fallopian tube tissue collected on day 15 following OC-treatment but not in tissue from control animals. PMID- 3227474 TI - Risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection in black female attendees of a sexually transmitted disease clinic. AB - Although recent data have supported the role of heterosexual activity in the transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in women, studies generating these data have enrolled few black women. We therefore examined black female participants attending our local health department's sexually transmitted disease clinic for the treatment of presumed uncomplicated gonorrhea in serologic and risk-factor surveys of hepatitis B virus infection. Twenty-four (17.6%) of 136 subjects tested had evidence of prior hepatitis B infection. Serologic evidence of hepatitis B infection was significantly associated with three different barometers of sexual activity that included: (1) years of sexual activity (P less than 0.005); (2) history of sexually transmitted disease (P less than 0.02); and (3) number of lifetime heterosexual partners (P less than 0.001). These data provide further support that the quantity of sexual exposure seems to be an important risk factor for hepatitis B infection in heterosexually active females. PMID- 3227475 TI - Chlamydial pneumonia of infancy in siblings. AB - We describe two brothers born 16 months apart who were hospitalized with culture proved chlamydial pneumonia of infancy due to the same immunotype of Chlamydia trachomatis. Presumably the mother had either been chronically infected or had been reinfected. Chlamydial pneumonia of infancy is a preventable disease if genital infection in pregnant women is diagnosed and treated. However, if pregnant women at high risk are not screened for C. trachomatis, multiple offspring may acquire the infection and develop serious perinatal chlamydial disease. PMID- 3227476 TI - [Treatment of Lyell's syndrome]. PMID- 3227477 TI - [Chronomedicine: its achievements and objectives]. PMID- 3227478 TI - [Current problems of antibacterial therapy]. PMID- 3227479 TI - [Anti-aggregation therapy of patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3227480 TI - [Changes in myocardial function in patients with hypertension during treatment with minipress]. AB - Altogether 33 patients with arterial hypertension were investigated to study changes of left ventricular systolic phasic analysis, caused by prazosin therapy. Two groups were identified on the basis of these changes: indices in the 1st group (intrasystolic index, myocardial tension index, Blumberger coefficient) improved, in the 2nd group they deteriorated. The antihypertensive effect of prazosin should be assessed not only by the level of BP reduction but also by changes of left ventricular systolic phasic analysis. In the deterioration of indices of left ventricular systolic phasic analysis during a test with single administration of prazosin, antihypertensive therapy should be reconsidered. PMID- 3227481 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of obstructive lung diseases among the population of Afghanistan]. AB - The authors analyzed 504 case histories of inhabitants of Afghanistan treated for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in a Kabul hospital, investigated the results of a study of function of the external respiratory system in 87 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, bronchial asthma and pulmonary emphysema, and the results of determination of efficacy of bronchodilators with different mechanisms of action in 134 patients, and described clinical symptoms and the main principles of therapy of patients in Afghanistan. A two-stage system of medical care of patients with pulmonary diseases was recommended. PMID- 3227482 TI - [Antioxidant activity of hepatotropic preparations in the treatment of chronic diseases of the liver]. AB - Hepatotropic drugs were shown to decrease blood lipid peroxidation activity (LPO) in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases. A positive time course of LPO indices was noted in the treatment of chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis of moderate activity. Comparison of antioxidant features of the drugs were suggestive of a noticeable effect of trophopar and essential in patients with chronic active hepatitis, trophopar in patients with liver lipodystrophy, and drugs of a silimarina series in patients with liver cirrhosis. Under clinical conditions the effect of the drugs on LPO processes was less noticeable than in experiments in vitro. It is assumed that the pharmacological effect of the hepatotropic drugs is associated with their antioxidant activity. PMID- 3227483 TI - [Effect of pharmacologic preparations on hepatic blood flow studied by tetrapolar rheo-hepatography]. PMID- 3227484 TI - [New mechanisms of a positive effect of curantyl in chronic nephritis]. AB - The effects of curantyl (dipiridamole) on the excretion of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha and PGF2 alpha) and renal hemodynamics (RHD) were studied in patients with hypertensive nephritis in an acute test and during prolonged (up to 21 mos) single-agent therapy. In the acute test curantyl increased PG excretion in 15 out of 18 patients by 86.8 +/- 17.6%, mainly at the expense of PGE2 (133.2 +/- 33.1%), and renal blood flow in 11 out of 12 patients by 32.1 +/- 7.7%. During prolonged therapy curantyl also raised PGE2 excretion and improved RHD (raised renal blood flow, glomerular filtration and decreased renal vascular resistance). Besides, during prolonged single-agent therapy curantyl reduced renin plasma activity, increased circulating blood volume, insignificantly reduced BP, and possessed an antiproteinuric and antihematuric effect. It is concluded that curantyl can stimulate PG renal biosynthesis improving RHD in hypertensive nephritis that can have a beneficial effect on a course of this disease. PMID- 3227486 TI - [Urea balance in the treatment of acute renal failure by hemofiltration]. AB - Hemofiltration efficacy was assessed in 14 patients with acute renal insufficiency. Purification quality was controlled by the balance of urea as a marker of low molecular mass substances. Ten patients survived. Adequate purification could be attained with the help of hemofiltration disregarding the level of azotemia and catabolism. An indispensible condition for effective treatment was the substitution of an adequate volume of body fluid (approximately 1.2 volume). The effectiveness of the method could be enhanced as many patients tolerated filtration at rate of 200 ml/min and more. A substitution solution was adequately saturated with urea and purification efficacy corresponded to the rate of filtration. In prolonged anuria filtration procedures not less than 2 times a week were considered optimum. PMID- 3227485 TI - [Use of enterodesis in the complex treatment of patients with pronounced chronic renal failure]. PMID- 3227487 TI - [Use of plasmapheresis in the nephrotic syndrome]. AB - Plasmapheresis efficacy was demonstrated in the treatment of the nephrotic syndrome as a manifestation of various types of glomerulonephritis. Plasmapheresis could be used independently for the treatment of the nephrotic syndrome. It was shown to be a method of choice in case of the impossibility of common therapy. Plasmapheresis was well tolerated by patients causing no complications. PMID- 3227488 TI - [Diagnostic value of studying the indicators of blood lipid composition and the status of intravascular microcirculation in patients with diabetes mellitus associated with ischemic heart disease]. AB - A comprehensive study of blood lipid composition and microcirculatory indices was performed in 88 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) combined with coronary heart disease (CHD). A "syndrome" of mutual aggravation was shown to develop in the combination of DM and CHD. As a result of it the above indices were changed depending on clinical signs of each of the two diseases. Lipid metabolic and microcirculatory derangements depended mostly on a degree of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. a DM type, the presence of diabetic angiopathies and CHD gravity. PMID- 3227489 TI - Thalidomide retrospective: what did we learn? PMID- 3227490 TI - Why I doubted that thalidomide was the cause of the epidemic of limb defects of 1959 to 1961. PMID- 3227491 TI - Thalidomide update: regulatory aspects. PMID- 3227492 TI - Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of aluminum nitrate in rats upon oral administration. AB - In order to determine the embryotoxic and teratogenic potential of aluminum, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by gavage with a daily dose of 180, 360, or 720 mg/kg of aluminum nitrate from the sixth through to the fourteenth day of gestation. Fetal examinations were performed on day 20. The number of corpora lutea, total implants, and resorptions as well as the number of live and dead fetuses in the treated animals were not significantly different from the control group. Therefore, embryolethality of aluminum cannot be induced (as a measure of percent dead and resorbed fetuses). However, exposure of rats to aluminum nitrate resulted in decreased fetal body weight and increased the incidence and types of external, visceral, and skeletal malformations and variations in all the treated groups. Consequently, teratogenic effects of aluminum-nitrate administration may result in rats given high oral doses that induce concomitant maternal toxicity. PMID- 3227493 TI - Central nervous system malformations induced by triamcinolone acetonide in nonhuman primates: pathogenesis. AB - The pathogenetic sequence for TAC-induced encephalocele is in agreement with hypotheses proposing that neural tube closure is followed by protrusion of the mesencephalon, with subsequent growth and development resulting in herniation of the cerebrum and cerebellum. This model could serve to clarify the pathogenesis of encephalocele and to stimulate further study in comparing this defect to other dysraphic states. Triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) was administered intramuscularly (10 mg/kg) to 16 pregnant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) for 5 alternate days of pregnancy, beginning on gestational day (GD) 23. Conceptuses were removed by hysterotomy at GD 35, 42, 50, or 70 and examined grossly and histologically. Length, area, and perimeter of the tectum and aqueduct area and perimeter were measured with an image analyzer. Changes in treated specimens were suggestive of forces within or ventral to the tectum resulting in dorsal protrusion, rostral posterior stretching, and attenuation. The angle of the cephalic, pontine, and cervical flexures was also measured. The more acute angle of the cephalic flexure and less acute cervical flexure of treated specimens could represent altered orientation secondary to a mesenchymal deficiency. However, the less acute angle of the pontine flexure in treated specimens suggests an intrinsic alteration in the neural tube. This suggests that encephalocele may result from a combination of mesenchymal and neural tube abnormalities. PMID- 3227494 TI - Alterations in developing rat uterine cell populations after neonatal exposure to estrogens and antiestrogens. AB - Exposure of rats to either estrogens or antiestrogens during early postnatal development reduces subsequent uterine growth as measured by uterine weight. However, individual uterine cell types respond differently to these agents and uterine weight alone cannot discern subtle or even large alterations in individual cell populations. Using a computerized planimetric technique, we estimated the prepubertal growth of the uterine luminal epithelium, endometrial stroma, glands, and circular and longitudinal muscle after exposure of neonatal rats (postnatal days 1-5) to the estrogens 17 beta-estradiol (E2), diethylstilbestrol (DES), or ethynylestradiol (EE), and the antiestrogens tamoxifen or clomiphene citrate. On postnatal day 26, the cross-sectional areas of the luminal epithelium, endometrial stroma, and circular muscle were reduced after estrogen exposure, compared to untreated controls, while longitudinal muscle cross-sectional area was not affected. Since cell densities (cell number/unit area) were increased, these estrogen-induced area reductions demonstrate a decrease in cell size. Total cell numbers, estimated as the product of cell type areas and their respective cell densities, were also reduced by neonatal estrogen exposure. The synthetic estrogens DES and EE were more potent than E2 with respect to reduction of uterine growth. Neonatal antiestrogen exposure caused large area reductions only in the uterine glands and luminal epithelium. Little change in cell density occurred in any cell population exposed to antiestrogen. These data demonstrate that the decreased uterine growth resulting from estrogen exposure during early postnatal development is a consequence of combined hypotrophy and hypoplasia in all cell types except longitudinal muscle while antiestrogen-induced morphological alterations were limited to hypoplasia having epithelial cell specificity. PMID- 3227495 TI - Changes with gestational age in the nutritional requirements of postimplantation rat embryos in culture. AB - Rat embryos explanted at 9.0, 9.5, and 10.5 days of gestation were cultured for periods of 61, 49, or 45 h, respectively, in extensively dialysed rat serum supplemented with various combinations of glucose, amino acids, and vitamins. Glucose was found to be a necessary and sufficient energy source for embryos of all three ages, and virtually no development took place in its absence. Only the youngest embryos required free amino acids for good development in dialysed serum, whereas at all three ages, vitamin supplementation was necessary. However, lack of vitamins had a much more marked deleterious effect on the younger embryos than on those explanted at 10.5 d. Experiments with media deficient in individual vitamins showed that for normal development, 9.0-d embryos required a number of vitamins--principally pantothenic acid, riboflavin, inositol, folic acid and niacinamide, whereas 10.5-d embryos needed only riboflavin. For embryos explanted at 9.5 d, the position was intermediate, with riboflavin and inositol the most significant vitamins. Inositol deficiency in embryos explanted at 9.5 d produced a characteristic neural tube defect--failure of closure at the level of the hindbrain. Thus it appears that both the range of micromolecular nutrients and the severity of developmental impairment in their absence decrease with advancing gestational age. PMID- 3227496 TI - Ventricular blood pressure and cardiac output changes in epinephrine- and metoprolol-treated chick embryos. AB - The effects of a teratogenic dose (5 micrograms) of epinephrine on mean ventricular blood pressure (MVBP) and cardiac output (CO) at one and two hours after treating stage 24 chick embryos were investigated. Previous work demonstrated that a differential response in terms of cardiac rhythm during the first hour after epinephrine treatment was related to pathogenesis of two contrasting types of aortic arch malformations. Absence of one or more aortic arches occurred more frequently in embryos which developed a characteristic dysrhythmia, while persistence of the left fourth aortic arch (PL4AA) occurred more frequently in nondysrhythmic embryos. In this study, dysrhythmic epinephrine treated embryos exhibited reductions in both MVBP and CO at one hour after treatment when compared to control values. Nondysrhythmic epinephrine-treated embryos exhibited elevated MVBP and no change in CO at one hour after treatment. MVBP and CO in recovered dysrhythmic and nondysrhythmic embryos were similar to control values at two hours following epinephrine treatment. MVBP and CO measurements were obtained from embryos which were pretreated with metoprolol and then subsequently treated with epinephrine. Metoprolol is a beta 1-adrenoreceptor antagonist which was previously shown to block the teratogenic effects of epinephrine and other catecholamines with beta 1-adrenoreceptor agonist properties. Pretreating embryos with metoprolol in this study reduced the dysrhythmogenic potential of epinephrine and also blocked the MVBP and CO changes observed in embryos treated with epinephrine alone. We conclude that pathogenesis of 1) abnormally absent aortic arches is related to dysrhythmogenesis, reduced MVBP, and reduced CO, and 2) an abnormally persistent left fourth aortic arch is related to elevated MVBP in the epinephrine model. PMID- 3227497 TI - [Drug surveillance and the responsibility of the hospital pharmacist]. PMID- 3227498 TI - [Responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry toward the first undesirable effects of new products]. PMID- 3227499 TI - [Nephrotoxicity. Pharmacokinetic aspects]. PMID- 3227500 TI - [The kidney and synthetic penicillins, Apropos of 62 cases. Cooperative evaluation of French drug surveillance centers]. PMID- 3227501 TI - [Aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity. Evaluation of drug surveillance centers]. PMID- 3227502 TI - [Nephrotoxicity of vasoactive drugs in the fetus and the newborn infant]. PMID- 3227503 TI - [Nephrotoxicity in the perinatal period. Evaluation of drug surveillance centers]. PMID- 3227504 TI - [Renal function in treatment with lithium. Apropos of 50 personal cases]. PMID- 3227505 TI - [Renal side-effects of lithium salts]. PMID- 3227506 TI - [2 epidemics of acute kidney failure caused by piromidic acid]. PMID- 3227507 TI - [False innocuousness of eye drops. Apropos of 1 case of thyrotoxicosis induced by iodine]. PMID- 3227508 TI - [Striatal hypersensitivity to neuroleptics. Therapeutic difficulties and medico legal aspects]. PMID- 3227510 TI - [Reservoir and matrix systems]. PMID- 3227509 TI - [Weaning of a dependence on amineptine by clonidine]. PMID- 3227511 TI - [Good clinical practice. General principles. Experience of a pharmaceutical laboratory]. PMID- 3227512 TI - [Bromocriptine versus levodopa in the early treatment of Parkinson's disease. 1st results after 2 years]. PMID- 3227513 TI - [Drug-induced esophageal complications. A cooperative study of hospital drug monitoring centers in France]. PMID- 3227514 TI - [Prolonged bleeding time in 2 patients with acute renal insufficiency during treatment with cefoperazone (2nd generation cephalosporin)]. PMID- 3227516 TI - [Mandatory report of adverse effects of drugs: has the order modified the spontaneous notification?]. PMID- 3227515 TI - [Beta lactam-induced neutropenia: toxic or immune mechanism?]. PMID- 3227517 TI - [Reflections on the sources of cases and the information they provide. Apropos of a survey]. PMID- 3227520 TI - [24-hour measurement of blood pressure in chronic tension headache]. PMID- 3227519 TI - [Clomipramine dependence responsible for right bundle branch resolving after stopping the poison]. PMID- 3227518 TI - [Iatrogenic encephalopathy caused by danazol]. PMID- 3227521 TI - [Acute hemolytic anemia and hepatonephritis caused by piroxicam]. PMID- 3227522 TI - Hyponatremia during carbamazepine treatment. PMID- 3227523 TI - [Agranulocytosis caused by cefmenoxime]. PMID- 3227524 TI - [Blood sedimentation: 1st biological control of interstitial pneumonia caused by amiodarone]. PMID- 3227525 TI - [Effect of Fahr's disease on the dynamics of post-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 3227526 TI - [Calculation of the velocity of a bullet's trajectory in the forensic medical study of gunshot injuries]. PMID- 3227527 TI - [Characteristics of smoke deposits in shots from a AK-74 automatic with varying inclinations of the barrel of the weapon]. PMID- 3227528 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of injuries with image processing]. PMID- 3227529 TI - [Effect of the type of drowning on morphometric characteristics of the lungs]. PMID- 3227530 TI - [The significance of human facial and skull asymmetry in personal identification]. PMID- 3227531 TI - [Determination of human haptoglobin and factor GIm(1) phenotypes in stains with an admixture of bovine blood]. PMID- 3227532 TI - [Strengthening the guarantee of an individual's rights and legal interests in performing medical examinations in criminal cases]. PMID- 3227534 TI - [Pathologic affective reactions at the forensic psychiatric clinic]. PMID- 3227533 TI - [Extraction of nitrogen-containing organic bases from liver tissue]. PMID- 3227535 TI - [The main trends of perestroika in the teaching of forensic medicine at medical education institutions]. PMID- 3227537 TI - [Is a forensic medical diagnosis needed?]. PMID- 3227536 TI - [Diagnosis in the conclusions of the forensic medical expert]. PMID- 3227539 TI - [Diagnosis in the conclusions of the forensic medical expert]. PMID- 3227538 TI - [The principle of nosology in the construction of a pathologico-anatomic diagnosis in the conclusions of the forensic medical expert]. PMID- 3227540 TI - [Scientific information support for research work in the Research Institute of Forensic Medicine of the Ministry of Public Health of the USSR]. PMID- 3227541 TI - [Determination of the time of death in forensic medical expertise on frozen corpses]. PMID- 3227542 TI - [Signs of an impact of a transport vehicle with a pedestrian]. PMID- 3227543 TI - [Characteristics of damages to footwear in vehicular trauma]. PMID- 3227544 TI - [Avulsion of the head in a case of being run over by a truck wheel]. PMID- 3227545 TI - [Air embolism as a complication of tuberculous lymphadenitis]. PMID- 3227546 TI - [Detection of trimecaine in biological material]. PMID- 3227547 TI - [Forensic chemical detection of prodectin in cadaveric material]. PMID- 3227548 TI - Essential x-ray services: the basic radiological system (BRS). PMID- 3227549 TI - The basic radiologic system (BRS): a SIMAVI-BRS project. PMID- 3227551 TI - The diagnostic value of leukocyte indices and micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rate in neonatal infections. AB - In an attempt to compare sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of newborn screening tests for sepsis, leukocyte indices derived from healthy African neonates, Manroe's published indices, micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rates (Mini-ESR) and a combination of the Mini-ESR and leukocyte indices of African neonates were applied to 32 infected infants and 20 uninfected neonates studied prospectively. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values derived from Manroe's indices were 93%, 35% and 69.8% respectively. The corresponding values derived from the indices of African neonates were 84.4%, 95% and 96.4%. Local reference values were thus more specific and predictive. Values obtained by combining Mini-ESR with indices of the African Neonates were 100%, 85% and 94%. The Mini-ESR alone yielded a sensitivity of 96.9%, specificity of 90% and a predictive value of 94%. The mini-ESR alone may therefore be a more valuable test in the sepsis screening of the African neonate. PMID- 3227550 TI - Splenectomy in massive tropical splenomegaly: two-to six-year follow-up in 14 patients. AB - Between 1978 and 1982, 14 patients underwent splenectomy for disabling massive splenomegaly at the Regency Hospital in Wamena in the highlands of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. All patients were clinically diagnosed as having tropical splenomegaly syndrome (hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly), but in no case was the diagnosis confirmed. In May 1984 nurses and physicians caring for these 14 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding the patients' conditions. Two to 6 years after splenectomy, 8 of the 14 patients were alive and able to work; at least 6 of the 8 at normal or near normal capacity. One patient died 4 days after surgery and 5 died from 2 to 20 months after surgery. We conclude that splenectomy is beneficial for some highly selected patients with the clinical diagnosis of tropical splenomegaly syndrome. PMID- 3227552 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in ethnic minorities in The Netherlands. AB - The distribution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency in ethnic minorities in the Netherlands was studied in a random sample of 668 healthy pregnant women and 754 healthy full term neonates. The overall prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency was 6.6% in males and 5.2% in females. Highest frequencies were found in sub-Saharan blacks. The hematological data in severe deficient women of African descent suggest slight hemolysis in the first trimester of pregnancy. Mean hemoglobin concentrations in pregnant women and neonates of African descent were lower as compared to hemoglobin concentrations in persons of Asian or Mediterranean origin. G-6-PD deficiency was found to be the only cause of neonatal jaundice in 6% of the non-Caucasian neonates who underwent exchange transfusion for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Mean bilirubin in cordblood, however, was not found to be significantly higher in severe deficient neonates of African, Asian and Mediterranean descent. PMID- 3227553 TI - Plasma fibrinolytic activity in sickle cell disease. AB - Changes in plasma fibrinolytic activity, as measured by euglobulin lysis time (ELT) and serum fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were investigated in 70 Nigerians with homozygous (HbSS) sickle cell disease (SCD), (50 in stable state and 20 in crisis state) and 75 age-matched non-sicklers. All had normal hemoglobin genotype (HbAA). The levels of ELT and FDP were significantly higher in sicklers in steady state than non-sicklers, but significantly lowered in sicklers in crisis than both non-sicklers and sicklers in stable state. Disturbances of fibrinolytic mechanism in both steady and crisis state might have a relationship to the clinical state of the individual patient. PMID- 3227554 TI - Renal function in adult Nigerian diabetics. AB - Renal function was studied in 31 stable adult diabetic patients and 17 healthy non-diabetic adults of similar age groups and sex distribution. 14 patients (45%) were insulin dependent and 9 (27%) were hypertensive. Glomerular function was studied by creatinine clearance and 24 hour urinary protein excretion, tubular function early morning urine concentration, urine pH and urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and uric acid. 24 hour urine protein excretion was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the diabetics than the controls, mean values 345 +/- 94.5 mg and 109 +/- 10 mg, respectively. 42% of the patients had values well above 200 mg per day in contrast to 16% with clinical proteinuria by albustix testing. 24 hour protein excretion was higher in insulin dependent diabetic than in non-insulin diabetic patients. Mean values of creatinine clearance were similar in diabetics and controls. Increased uric acid excretion was observed in the diabetic patients. This study emphasizes the superiority of 24 hours urinary protein estimation in the detection of early nephropathy in diabetic patients. Further studies to elucidate the mechanisms and implication of the hyperuricosuria need to be carried out. PMID- 3227555 TI - Chronological variation in chemical composition of urinary calculi between 1965 68 and 1982-86 in north western India. AB - The chemical composition of 210 urinary calculi either spontaneously passed or surgically removed during January 1965-December 1968 was compared with the chemical composition of 1338 urinary calculi received during July 1982-June 86. The proportion of vesical calculi had significantly decreased from 30.48% (n = 64) during 1965-68 to 8.37% (n = 112), during 1982-86 (p less than 0.001). During 1965-68, magnesium was present in 16%, ammonium in 31% and urate in 33% of vesical calculi. But during 1982-86, the percentage of vesical calculi containing magnesium and ammonium was nil (p less than 0.001), but 76.8% of vesical calculi contained urate (p less than 0.001). Similarly, during 1965-68, 35.6% of renal calculi containing magnesium, 20% contained ammonium, 13.6% contained carbonate and urate was present in 32.2% of renal calculi. In contrast during 1982-86, magnesium was detected in only 0.24% of renal calculi (p less than 0.001), ammonium in 0.16% (p less than 0.001) and carbonate in 3.9% (p less than 0.001) but 57.4% of renal calculi contained urate (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3227556 TI - Recurrent pneumothoraces in miliary tuberculosis. AB - An 18-year-old female patient with miliary tuberculosis presented with bilateral, simultaneous pneumothoraces, which were recurrent with a bronchopleural fistula. The recurrent pneumothoraces were managed with tube thoracostomy and pleurodesis. Various possible pathogenetic mechanisms of this rare complication are discussed. PMID- 3227557 TI - Scleral tuberculosis. AB - A rare case of scleral tuberculosis manifesting as an ulcerative scleral nodule is described. Corroborative evidence of systemic tuberculous lesions was detectable. The lesion responded to antituberculous treatment alone. PMID- 3227559 TI - Severe yellow fever with 23-day survival. AB - In a severe case of jungle yellow fever, acquired in the Brazilian mid-west region, clinical and laboratory evidence of hepatic and renal failure, cardiovascular disturbance, coma and bleeding disorder developed. The patient was treated in an intensive care unit and hemodialysis was performed. In spite of severe liver dysfunction, most biochemical parameters returned to normal values but the patient finally died of respiratory failure on the 23rd day, due to secondary bacterial pneumonia. A post-mortem liver biopsy showed regeneration of normal liver architecture. Without the bacterial respiratory complication, the patient probably would have survived. PMID- 3227560 TI - Podoconiosis in Aequatorial Guinea. Report of two cases from different geological environments. AB - Two cases of podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis of the lower legs) are described. Microcrystals were demonstrated in lymph node biopsies by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis techniques. The findings were compatible with the elements present in black lava soil and red clay soil, respectively. PMID- 3227558 TI - A case of meningococcal meningitis with unusual complications. AB - During an epidemic of meningococcal meningitis in Nigeria a patient developed pericarditis and acute urinary retention in addition to arthritis and cutaneous vasculitis. The occurrence of these complications in the same temporal pattern suggests that immunological mechanisms were responsible for their causation. PMID- 3227561 TI - Carcinoma in plantar ulcers of leprosy patients. AB - Three cases presenting clinically with carcinomata developing from long standing plantar ulcers are presented. Intra operational histopathological examination confirmed two cases of squamous cell carcinoma and one case of malignant melanoma. Two of the patients had developed distant metastases in the brain, chest and regional lymph nodes at presentation. All had below knee amputation. The regional lymph nodes were not interfered with in any of them. One finally died, one was discharged home fully fit while the third's clinical condition has been deteriorating. PMID- 3227562 TI - The low income preschools in Benin City: some health aspects of the children. AB - Forty-three proprietors of the low-income preschools in Benin City and 353 mothers of children attending such groups were asked to give information pertaining to the common health problems and immunization status of the children. Information was obtained by interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Moreover, 415 children were examined to determine the incidence of head lice, scabies, ringworm and catarrh - conditions which had been found to be common among children in the low-income group. The results revealed that malaria and catarrh were the commonest conditions according to the parents and proprietors while the physical examination established catarrh and ringworm as very common. The immunization status was unsatisfactory. Recommendations are made for the upgrading of these preschool groups for better health and early childhood education. PMID- 3227563 TI - Onchocerciasis in north Yemen: retrospective diagnosis of five cases in lymph node biopsies. PMID- 3227564 TI - A newly discovered habitat of Anopheles stephensi in present-day Calcutta with evidence of natural malarial infection. AB - In Calcutta adult Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were captured in significantly greater numbers from temporary human shelters than from their conventional resting places, such as brick built indoor rooms and cattlesheds, pointing out a change of behaviour in seeking their resting places which may have occurred due to excitorepelletory action of insecticides used indoors in bygone days. PMID- 3227565 TI - [Study of the phenomenon and substantiation of the mechanism of antimutagenesis under conditions of action of sodium fluoride]. AB - Transplanted human amnion cells have been used in experiments differing in the regularity of the sodium fluoride and alpha-tocopherol action to determine a considerable antimutagenic efficiency of the mutagenic process modifier, the efficiency being dependent on the treatment variability. PMID- 3227567 TI - [Mitotic activity of different variants of heterophase homokaryons]. AB - Double labelling with 3H- and 14C-thymidine was used to determine heterophase nuclei (G1-, S-, G2-) in homokaryons of the Chinese hamster cell culture. It was observed that the sequence of the mitosis beginning in homokaryons depends both on the number of nuclei in them and on the combinations of different phase nuclei. PMID- 3227566 TI - [Detailed analysis of a new translocation in a domestic pig]. AB - A sterile minisibs (mini Siberian swine) boar with normal sexual behaviour was studied by the routine, C- and high resolution G-banding chromosome techniques. A new reciprocal translocation was identified involving chromosomes 12 and 13. The numbers of diakinesis and sperms were very low. The synaptonemal complex was typical of reciprocal translocations. PMID- 3227568 TI - [Variety of cows and sires according to types of dermatoglyphics (patterns) of the nose-labial mirror of cattle]. AB - Dermatoglyphic+ of the nasal-lip speculum presents a complex structure of skin picture on its surface. Genetics and phenetics of this character permit determining different types of dermatoglyphics, their hereditary peculiarities to be retained in generations. Different types of dermatoglyphics are established to be preserved within genealogical lines and families of cows. Differences between breeds in some dermatoglyphic elements are observed. PMID- 3227569 TI - [Genetic effects of the new pesticide rovicurt]. AB - Administration of rovicoort, a new pesticide, in various single doses (75, 150, 380 mg/kg) to mongrel white male rats intragastrically on empty stomach showed that the doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg stimulated adaptive mechanisms of the organism resulting in the increase of diameter of both seminiferous tubules and the number of Sertoli cells as well as fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Dominant lethal mutation in early postmeiotic cells was induced after the drug exposure of 150 and 380 mg/kg doses. PMID- 3227570 TI - [Use of complex assessment of dermatoglyphic signs for prediction of the risk of development of occupational diseases]. AB - Dermatoglyphic investigations conducted by the authors made it possible to demonstrate a genetic predisposition to occupational diseases, in particular, to silicosis and silicotuberculosis. Methods based on the mathematical theory of pattern recognition were used for multifactor analysis of the data. It was shown that complex evaluation of 10 dermatoglyphic indices gave a reliable prognosis of the risk of the above two kinds of disease due to silica dust. The dermatoglyphic patterns which predict predisposition to simple silicosis or to silicotuberculosis were found to differ significantly. PMID- 3227571 TI - [Effect of moderately low and low temperatures on cellular and intracellular structures of the liver]. AB - Initial stages of the rat liver ultrastructural rearrangements after local cooling of the liver tissue down to 93 K and 243 K have been studied by means of light microscopic analysis, transmission electron microscopy and freeze substitution. The main stages in the development of cell dystrophic changes during cryonecrosis formation in the cooled area have been outlined, the crystallization behaviour und cooling conditions studied has been described. PMID- 3227572 TI - Testing for the teratogenicity of pulsed ultrasound in mice. AB - Our replicate of a study by Takabayashi et al. (1981) Effects of pulse-wave ultrasonic irradiation on mouse embryo. Cho-Onpa Igaku (Supersonic Medicine) 8, 286-288 failed to show any effects of exposure in utero of mice to spatial average, temporal maximum intensities of 60 W/cm2. Fetuses were exposed at 8 days post fertilization and assessed at 18 days for fetal weight, resorptions, premature deaths, and malformations. Carrier frequency in the pulse was 2 MHz. Pulse lengths of 10 microseconds and pulse repetition frequencies of 1000 and 200 Hz yielded spatial average, temporal average intensities of 0.6 and 0.1 W/cm2. Total exposure time was 5 min. Our results provide no basis to conclude that conditions relevant to human fetal monitoring will cause developmental, externally visible anomalies in mice exposed as 8-day fetuses. PMID- 3227573 TI - The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on calcium uptake in fibroblasts. AB - The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on calcium uptake by embryonic chick 3T3 fibroblasts has been studied using calcium-45 radiotracer techniques. Cells were treated while suspended in culture medium at 36 degrees C at intensities from 0.25 W/cm2 SPPA to 1.5 W/cm2 SPPA (1 MHz, pulsed 2 ms on:8 ms off) and for exposure times from 1 min to 20 min. Ultrasound treatment was found to increase calcium uptake for SPPA intensities from 0.5 to 1.0 W/cm2 SPPA, with a maximum increase of 18% after a 5 min exposure. Calcium uptake also increased with increasing exposure time. Measurements performed up to 20 min after treatment showed that the cell was able to reduce this calcium influx, indicating that the membrane did not suffer irreparable damage as a result of the ultrasound exposure. PMID- 3227574 TI - A model of extracorporeal shock wave action: tandem action of shock waves. PMID- 3227575 TI - Experimental determination of latency, severity, and outcome in CNS decompression sickness. AB - Twenty-eight dogs underwent a 300 fsw chamber dive designed to generate spinal cord decompression sickness (DCS), which was detected by observing a reduction in the amplitude of the spinal somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). After an interval of 15 min on the surface following diagnosis, the animals received a therapeutic recompression. The latency was defined as the time between surfacing from the dive and the diagnosis of DCS, the severity as the minimum SEP amplitude, and the outcome as the amplitude of the SEP after 2 h of treatment. Significant correlations between latency and severity (P less than 0.05), latency and outcome (P less than 0.01), and severity and outcome (P less than 0.05) were found. Canine spinal cord latency is shown to be very similar to that found in man up to a surface interval of 30 min. The association between latency, severity, and outcome of spinal cord DCS is discussed with reference to the possible mechanisms involved in this disease. PMID- 3227576 TI - Magnetic field effects on dental amalgam in divers welding and cutting electrically underwater. AB - Divers have for some years been complaining about a metallic taste in the mouth while electrically welding and cutting underwater. This paper reports on results from an assessment of this problem. It was hypothesized that the magnetic fields arising from the welding or cutting current could correlate with the reported symptoms. The intraoral magnetic flux density was calculated to 1.15 mT, at 650 ADC, in a normal cutting situation. This was verified in vivo. This magnetic field was shown to contain an AC component that is a candidate for inducing secondary currents in the oral tissues and restorative materials. Five submerged divers exposed to a magnetic field of 0.35 mT did not report any metallic taste. Magnetophosphenes were reported by 1 diver. (Magnetophosphenes are luminous impressions due to excitement of the retina by a magnetic field in addition to or in place of impingement of light rays.) Only a slight shielding effect to magnetic fields was observed due to a copper-brass helmet. An in vitro model for exposure of dental amalgams to magnetic fields was designed. Recommendations for decreasing the magnetic field surrounding the diver in practical work is given. PMID- 3227577 TI - Effects of magnetic fields from underwater electrical cutting on in vitro corrosion of dental amalgam. AB - Metallic taste has been reported from divers working with underwater electric welding and cutting. An in vitro model was designed to simulate the intraoral situation of the divers with respect to the magnetic field. Potentiostatic analyses were performed on amalgam samples exposed to AC and DC magnetic fields. Morphologic changes were analyzed using differential interference light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Chemical changes on the surface of the amalgam samples were analyzed with secondary ion mass spectrometry. Results demonstrated that dental amalgams exposed to a specific AC magnetic field underwent morphologic and chemical changes in the superficial amalgam layers. PMID- 3227578 TI - Effect of 5 bar oxygen on cardiac output and organ blood flow in conscious rats. AB - The distribution of cardiac output (CO) was studied in conscious rats during hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure to 5 bar for 60 min. Heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) were continuously recorded. Organ blood flow and CO were measured during control, after 5 and 60 min HBO by the microsphere method. Arterial acid-base balance was measured both during control and HBO. During HBO the animals remained calm and seemed unstressed with no sign of convulsions. The arterial pH remained at control level, whereas PCO2 and HCO3 fell (P less than 0.05). The systolic ABP increased gradually during HBO, while the mean ABP was unchanged. HR started to fall at 1 bar O2 (P less than 0.05), fell markedly during compression (P less than 0.02), and remained below control level during the HBO. After atropine was given, HR increased to predive control in all animals. CO fell by 25% due to increased total peripheral vascular resistance of 27%. Blood flow to most organs fell correspondingly to CO, indicating an equally distributed vasoconstriction. Unchanged blood flow was found in the kidneys, the adrenals, and the liver. Blood flow to the right and left heart ventricles fell significantly more than the average reduction of CO. Calculation of a pump work index of the heart by the product of systolic ABP and HR showed unchanged performance, while the blood flow to the left ventricle fell by 50%, which suggests insufficient O2 supply. PMID- 3227579 TI - [Tobacco smoke as the most important life-shortening factor]. PMID- 3227580 TI - [Reasons for misleadings cause in death statistics]. PMID- 3227581 TI - [Driver's license and psychiatric disorders]. PMID- 3227582 TI - [Status of systemic humoral and local immunity in children with vasomotor rhinitis]. PMID- 3227583 TI - [Orbital complications of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis]. PMID- 3227584 TI - [Changes in the pterygopalatine and upper cervical sympathetic ganglia in experimental paranasal sinusitis]. PMID- 3227585 TI - [Measuring heat exchange in the exhaled air of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis]. PMID- 3227586 TI - [Phonophoretic properties of low-frequency ultrasonics in the treatment of patients with chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 3227587 TI - [Chronic pharyngitis of mycotic etiology]. PMID- 3227588 TI - [Clinical picture and early diagnosis of lesions of the upper respiratory tract in workers exposed to industrial aerosols]. PMID- 3227590 TI - [Focal infection and peripheral positional otolithic syndrome]. PMID- 3227589 TI - [Characteristics of injuries of the respiratory tract caused by steam and boiling water]. PMID- 3227591 TI - [A method of active opening of the auditory tube in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear in children]. PMID- 3227593 TI - [Study of binaural interaction in sensorineural hearing loss in children in the light of electroacoustic correction of hearing]. PMID- 3227592 TI - [Changes in bone conduction hearing in patients with otosclerosis after stapedoplasty]. PMID- 3227594 TI - [Changes in nasal and cerebral blood supply after magnetotherapy of allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 3227595 TI - [Drug therapy of lesions of the auditory organs and equilibrium]. PMID- 3227596 TI - [Value of fibroendoscopy in diagnosis and therapy in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 3227597 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with oropharyngeal cancer]. PMID- 3227598 TI - [Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx]. PMID- 3227600 TI - [A foreign body of the nasal cavity and both ethmoid labyrinths with injury of the eyeball and optic nerves]. PMID- 3227599 TI - [Wegener's disease with lesions of the larynx and trachea in a child]. PMID- 3227601 TI - [Laser polypotomy in a patient with Werlhof's disease]. PMID- 3227602 TI - [Metallic foreign body in the external acoustic meatus]. PMID- 3227604 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the larynx]. PMID- 3227603 TI - [Laryngostenosis caused by neurogenic tetany]. PMID- 3227605 TI - [2 cases of brain tumors simulating otogenic abscesses in patients with chronic suppurative epitympanitis]. PMID- 3227606 TI - [The alternating speech test in the evaluation of central disorders of the hearing system]. PMID- 3227607 TI - [Chronic suppurative otitis media in combination with brain tumors]. PMID- 3227608 TI - [Occupational origin of upper respiratory tract diseases in workers in dusty industries]. PMID- 3227609 TI - [Treatment of phonasthenia using acureflexotherapy]. PMID- 3227610 TI - [Rationale for sinestrol therapy of cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 3227612 TI - [Surgical treatment of disseminated cicatricial stenoses of the larynx and trachea in children]. PMID- 3227611 TI - [Use of staphylococcal anatoxin in the complex treatment of patients with chronic cicatricial stenoses of the hollow organs of the neck]. PMID- 3227613 TI - [Experimental basis for the reinnervation of the larynx with median stenoses]. PMID- 3227614 TI - [Clinico-morphologic and biomicroscopic parallels in the management of patients with various forms of purulent paranasal sinusitis and methods of correcting microcirculatory disorders]. PMID- 3227615 TI - [Electrodes for cochlear implantation]. PMID- 3227616 TI - [A rare case of the combination of a malignant tumor of the frontal sinus with a pyocele]. PMID- 3227617 TI - [Papilloma of the larynx as a dyshormonal tumor]. PMID- 3227618 TI - [A method of horizontal resection of the larynx]. PMID- 3227619 TI - [A sparing method of external surgery of the frontal sinus with shunting in the treatment of suppurative frontal sinusitis]. PMID- 3227620 TI - [An inflammatory process of the orbit of nasal sinus origin simulating a tumor of the orbit]. PMID- 3227621 TI - [Aspergilloma in the cells of the ethmoidal labyrinth in an 11-year-old child]. PMID- 3227622 TI - [A signet ring of the nasopharynx in a 3-year-old child]. PMID- 3227623 TI - [A case of a cyst-like dilatation of the frontal sinus with destruction of its posterior wall]. PMID- 3227624 TI - [A combination of cerebrovascular pathology and bilateral mastoiditis]. PMID- 3227625 TI - [A rhinogenous abscess of the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain rupturing into the subarachnoid space with a favorable outcome]. PMID- 3227626 TI - [Peripheral blood indices in local cryosurgery of the palatine tonsils]. PMID- 3227627 TI - [Rupture of the trachea in a child]. PMID- 3227628 TI - [Dynamics of changes in the microflora of the tympanic cavity in patients with suppurative otitis media in relation to the use of medicinal drugs]. PMID- 3227629 TI - [The value of craniometric data in the diagnosis of Meniere's disease]. PMID- 3227630 TI - [Clinical and functional results of the treatment of chronic rhinitis using ultrasound]. PMID- 3227631 TI - [Laser therapy in the early postoperative period following sanitizing surgery of the ear using a closed method (experimental study)]. PMID- 3227632 TI - [Posture nystagmus and other otoneurologic symptoms in cranio-cerebral trauma]. PMID- 3227633 TI - [Methodologic bases of the study of the oculomotor reflex of the neck]. PMID- 3227634 TI - Excision of cutaneous tumors in the horse using histologic guidance. AB - A highly successful surgical technique for removing cutaneous tumors in humans was used in seven horses with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (n = 3) or sarcoid (n = 4). In humans, the complete underside of the tumor is evaluated histologically by processing horizontal sections from the tumor base, and orientation between the wound surface and the undersurface of the excised tumor is maintained by mapping both surfaces. The technique ensures that small foci of residual tumor can be located accurately and removed. Based on our experience, three modifications of the human technique are suggested for its use in horses. The equine patient should be placed under general anesthesia rather than using local anesthesia if the tumor is in a difficult position for standing surgery or the patient is uncooperative; useful information can be obtained from tissue processed in buffered formalin if frozen sections are not available; and optimal tumor size for this procedure is no larger than 3 x 2 cm. PMID- 3227635 TI - Epiglottic entrapment. A transnasal surgical approach to divide the aryepiglottic fold axially in the standing horse. AB - Transnasal, axial division of the aryepiglottic fold was performed to correct entrapment of the epiglottis in 20 sedated, standing horses, using a hooked bistoury and topical anesthesia. Presenting complaints included decreased exercise tolerance or loss of racing performance, abnormal respiratory noise, and coughing. The surgical procedure was technically easy to perform with a minimum of instrumentation. The horses were rested an average of 18 days before race training or riding was resumed. Evaluation of racing records or contact with owners indicated that most affected horses competed successfully after transnasal surgical correction of the entrapment. PMID- 3227636 TI - Partial arytenoidectomy in the horse with and without mucosal closure. AB - Left-sided partial arytenoidectomy was performed in eight horses to evaluate healing. Four horses underwent conventional partial arytenoidectomy with suture apposition of the mucosa. In four horses, most of the arytenoid cartilage, including overlying mucosa, vocal fold, and laryngeal saccule, were excised en bloc without mucosal closure. The horses were monitored clinically by endoscopic examination. One horse from each group was euthanatized at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 16. Complete necropsies with gross and histologic examination of the arytenoidectomy sites were performed. Postoperative complications such as coughing, dysphagia, and aspiration pneumonia were not encountered and problems with wound healing were minimal in both groups. The defect created by partial arytenoidectomy without mucosal closure initially filled to the level of the luminal surface with granulation tissue, with a gradual transition to mature fibrous connective tissue. Grossly, the defect appeared to be healed and was completely epithelialized by week 16 without apparent narrowing of the laryngeal lumen. Partial arytenoidectomy sites with mucosal closure healed in a similar pattern by week 8. Partial dehiscence of the dorsal portion of the sutured mucosa occurred in three horses. PMID- 3227637 TI - Urethral extension for correction of urovagina in cattle. A review of 14 cases. AB - Urethral extension was performed in 14 cows with clinical urovagina and infertility. Urovagina was corrected in nine cows (64%) and was reduced in the others. Formation of fistulas at the cranial end of the extension site was the most frequent complication (4 cows). In one cow, the urethral extension was not extended far enough caudally. Eleven cows (79%) returned to fertility after surgery. Severity of urine pooling, cranial displacement of the urethral orifice, and severe preoperative vaginitis may explain the failure of the urethral extension in some cows. PMID- 3227639 TI - Postoperative examination of the biceps femoris muscle sling used in excision of the femoral head and neck in dogs. AB - Twenty-four dogs underwent unilateral excision of the femoral head and neck. An adjunctive biceps femoris muscle sling procedure was done in 16 dogs. In eight dogs (controls), the flap was dissected and returned to its original position. Four dogs with muscle slings were euthanatized on days 2, 5, 30, and 60, respectively. Four control dogs were euthanatized on day 2 and four dogs on day 5. Limb function did not differ consistently between dogs with muscle slings and control dogs. There was marked swelling and edema of the affected limb in half the dogs with muscle slings but not in the controls. Postoperative temperature elevations were significantly higher in dogs with muscle slings on days 1 and 2 (p less than 0.05). Infection was documented in four dogs with muscle slings. Flaps from control dogs had only minor gross and histologic abnormalities. On days 2 and 5, flaps from dogs with muscle slings appeared congested and swollen beneath and distal to the ostectomy site, with infarction involving 50 to 90% of the muscle mass. On days 30 and 60, the muscle slings were atrophic and fibrous, and by day 60 a synovial membrane covered the surfaces of all slings within the pseudarthrosis. Muscle fiber loss was attributed to infarction, necrosis, and disuse atrophy. PMID- 3227638 TI - Total ear canal ablation combined with lateral bulla osteotomy for end-stage otitis in dogs. Results in thirty dogs. AB - Thirty dogs with end-stage otitis were treated by either unilateral or bilateral total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. Otitis was considered end stage when the horizontal ear canal was collapsed, stenotic, or occluded in conjunction with chronic infection of the external and middle ear. The dogs were evaluated clinically and radiographically for 4 to 63 months. The frequency of scratching, head shaking, aural drainage, and para-aural fistulation was significantly decreased. Abnormal ear carriage and head tilt were not changed. The results in 23 dogs were graded as excellent or improved. One dog died of intraoperative hemorrhage. Complications during the period from suture removal to follow-up included para-aural fistulation (3 dogs), facial nerve paralysis (5 dogs), and head tilt (3 dogs). PMID- 3227640 TI - The effect of resuscitation technique and pre-arrest state of oxygenation on blood-gas values during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. AB - Large mongrel dogs were anesthetized, instrumented, and subjected to electrically induced ventricular fibrillation after breathing either 100% oxygen (O2) or 10% O2 and 90% nitrogen for 10 minutes before arrest. Four minutes after arrest, open chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or intermittent abdominal compression closed chest CPR was initiated and continued for 20 minutes, at which time defibrillation was attempted. Central arterial and mixed venous blood samples were collected serially for the measurement of pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2), and O2 partial pressure (PO2), and calculation of bicarbonate concentration and base excess. Mixed venous blood was collected serially for the measurement of lactate concentration. Hemodynamically variable resuscitation techniques and pre-arrest hypoxia or hyperoxia did not significantly influence blood-gas values during CPR. Mixed venous lactate concentrations after 20 minutes of CPR were significantly higher when hypoxia preceded the arrest and when intermittent abdominal compression closed chest CPR was used for resuscitation. Mixed venous PCO2 was significantly higher than arterial PCO2 in all dogs during CPR but was not significantly different before arrest. PMID- 3227641 TI - The mode of insertion of the paramyxovirus F1 N-terminus into lipid matrix, an initial step in host cell/virus fusion. AB - A protein sequence of the viral envelope is responsible for the fusion of the viral membrane with the cell membrane. It has been hypothesized that this fusion protein acts by inserting its hydrophobic moiety into the target membrane. The paper reports on the mode of insertion of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion protein N-terminus peptide into a lipid membrane using infrared spectroscopy and conformational analysis. The peptide was shown to adopt an oblique orientation with respect to the lipid acyl chains. This unusual orientation is expected to induce the disorganization of the surrounding lipids, which had been suggested as one of the initial events in the virus/cell fusion. PMID- 3227642 TI - Fusion (F) protein gene of Newcastle disease virus: sequence and hydrophobicity comparative analysis between virulent and avirulent strains. AB - The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences have been obtained for the fusion (F) protein gene of the avirulent strain La Sota of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The F1 N-terminus begins with the tripeptide Leu-Ileu-Gly instead of Phe-X-Gly as usually observed in fusion peptide. It was found that the cleavage activation domain of the avirulent La Sota strain contained single (but no pairs of) basic residues in the sequence Gly-Arg-Gln-Gly-Arg. Hydrophobicity analysis suggested that the cleavage-activation domain became more hydrophobic and could be less accessible for host-specific protease(s); dibasic residues next to the F1 N-terminus were shown to be important for keeping the cleavage-activation site in exposed positioning, suitable for F protein activation. Comparative sequence analysis of the NDV F proteins revealed a striking homology between lentogenic La Sota and mesogenic Beaudette C strains. Furthermore, 58 variable positions were recorded in the NDV F protein, excluding signal sequence; some of these mutations, in the cysteine-clustered region, were surmised to alter virulence. PMID- 3227643 TI - Characterization of a binding factor that interacts with the sequences upstream of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase gene. AB - A small 176 base-pair cloned DNA fragment, representing the nucleotide sequences proximal to the 5'-end of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase (VV TK) gene, was radiolabeled and used in concert with gel retention assays to detect, partially purify, and characterize a promoter binding factor (PBF) extracted from vaccinia virions. The VV TK PBF was purified from solubilized virus particles by a combination of ion-exchange and DNA-affinity chromatographic procedures. The interaction between VV TK PBF and VV TK promoter sequences was relatively specific in that binding to the radiolabeled probe could be effectively inhibited by unlabeled VV TK promoter or VV TK promoter-specific oligonucleotides, but not by similar-sized fragments of control plasmid DNA. The VV TK PBF did, however, bind to other VV early-promoter elements. Glycerol gradient sedimentation provided an estimate of 130-140 kD for the native molecular weight of VV PBF. This correlated well with data from the purification of VV PBF from radiolabeled VV particles that revealed 2 polypeptides, with molecular weights of 70 and 68 kD that co-purified with VV TK PBF activity. Taken together, these results suggest that a heterodimeric promoter-binding factor, which is present within the cytoplasm of VV-infected cells, is capable of specifically interacting with VV early-promoter elements. PMID- 3227644 TI - Nucleotide sequence of dengue type 3 virus genomic RNA encoding viral structural proteins. AB - Complementary DNAs to the 5' proximal region of the dengue virus type 3 RNA were cloned into bacterial plasmids and the nucleotide sequence of 3,000 bases from the 5' terminus of the genome were determined by DNA and RNA sequencing methods using dideoxy chain-termination reactions. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence thus obtained with those of other flavivirus genomes revealed significant homology existing in nucleotide sequence of the flavivirus genomes. When we compared amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence with those of other flaviviruses, this genome region was found to include sequences encoding three viral structural proteins C, M, and E and a part of the viral nonstructural protein NS1 in this order in addition to the 5'-noncoding sequence. The characteristics and functions of these proteins were discussed based on the deduced amino acid sequences and their hydrophobic profiles. The genetic relationship of flaviviruses was also discussed based on the genetic variation observed in their genomes. PMID- 3227645 TI - Eye size of pelagic crustaceans as a function of habitat depth and possession of photophores. AB - Eye diameter, interommatidial angle, and rhabdom dimensions were measured for a variety of crustacean species differing in habitat depth and bioluminescence ability. Eyes are smaller and eye growth rates are lower at greater depths for species in five of the six families examined, and photophore-bearing species tend to have larger eyes than relatives which lack photophores. Rhabdoms are smaller and interommatidial angles are larger in small eyes, factors which, with reduced aperture size, are generally associated with decreased visual sensitivity and acuity. This suggests that the eyes of many deep-sea crustaceans are poorly suited to a dimly lit environment; however, the small eyes of deep-sea crustaceans may still perceive luminescent sources from appropriate distances because of the much higher contrast at depth between luminescent sources and background light. Smaller eyes also impose a lower energetic burden and are potentially less visible to predators than are large eyes. PMID- 3227646 TI - Induced motion and optokinetic afternystagmus: parallel response dynamics with prolonged stimulation. AB - Fixation of a stationary target during motion of background contours attenuates optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), while illusory induced motion (IM) of the fixated target occurs opposite the direction of contour motion. It is proposed that IM owes to a perceptually registered efferent signal for ocular pursuit which opposes an unregistered signal for OKN to achieve stable fixation. This proposal predicts parallel changes in the magnitudes of IM and optokinetic reflexes during and after optokinetic stimulation. Accordingly, leftward IM magnitude and rightward slow-phase velocity of optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN) increased at similar rates across 90 and 160 sec of 60 deg/sec motion of background contours, and decayed at similar rates after stimulus termination. Both responses decayed more deeply following stimulation with, rather than without fixation. Neither retinal image motion nor vection can explain the IM obtained. PMID- 3227647 TI - Perceived contrast and stimulus size: experiment and simulation. AB - Perceived contrast functions were determined for three different Gabor patch sizes using magnitude estimation and verified by contrast matching. While thresholds show a significant decrease with decreasing patch size, perceived contrasts are equal and independent of patch size for contrasts above 0.06. Contrast matching was also used to study the apparent contrast of two other spatially limited stimuli; the sum of two orthogonal 4 c/deg sine waves multiplied by a gaussian envelope and the sum of spatially adjacent positive and negative gaussians. Models of contrast perception, based on tuned Gabor spatial filters, were formulated and tested for agreement with our experimental data. A model that pools filter responses across spatial frequencies and orientations was found to be more in agreement with our data than a model that simply uses the response of a single, maximally excited, mechanism to mediate contrast perception. Optimum filter bandwidth was found to be about 1.1 octaves. PMID- 3227648 TI - Perceptual latencies are shorter for motion towards the fovea than for motion away. AB - Subjects had to align a brief test flash with a peripheral steady reference target during ocular pursuit, or with a moving reference target during steady eye fixation. The performance was determined by the direction of movement, of the reference target image on the retina--towards or away from fovea. The data are explained by the hypothesis that the passage of a retinal locus by a moving target image is experienced faster when the image moves foveopetally, regardless of whether the passage is caused by real target movement or by ocular pursuit. PMID- 3227649 TI - The visual assessment of the spatial location of a bright bar. AB - Vernier acuity, three-line interval bisection and line-width discrimination experiments were performed for a target bar stimulus with an asymmetrical orthoaxial contrast profile. This was done in an attempt to identify the nature of the spatial primitives that are involved in the visual coding of spatial location. We conclude that both the zero-crossings and the centroid or extremum of the zero-bounded region of the neural activity distribution that is elicited by the presentation of the target bar, are in principle available to perception. It probably depends on the spatial characteristics of the applied stimulus pattern and the adopted strategy which features are actually used in different localization tasks. PMID- 3227650 TI - The aperture problem--I. Perception of nonrigidity and motion direction in translating sinusoidal lines. AB - To examine how local velocities from different regions of the visual field combine to form a coherent motion percept, we subjected a sinusoidal line stimulus to translational motion. Horizontal movement of a sinewave line along its axial direction is perceived as nonrigid if the angle at the zero crossing is smaller than a critical angle of about 15 deg. This angle is independent of spatial scale and the number of sinusoidal cycles. To extend the applicability of this concept of angle, we developed a mathematical model to predict an observer's sensitivity to small changes in motion direction based on two assumptions: (1) the computed velocity signal is obtained from the intersection of constraint lines defined by local velocity components, (2) local velocity components are contaminated by noise. Measurement of directional discrimination thresholds of moving targets confirmed our expectations. Thresholds varied as a function of the angle of the local contour independent of spatial scale and in quantitative accord with our assumptions. PMID- 3227651 TI - The aperture problem--II. Spatial integration of velocity information along contours. AB - There exists a class of two-dimensional figures (including cumulative gaussian waveforms) whose contours have a limited range of orientations. These figures can appear as highly nonrigid if they undergo pure translation in the image plane. In the case of the cumulative gaussian waveform, it is the region around the inflection point that appears as nonrigid. Motivated by Hildreth's (1984) proposal, we made 5 predictions which were confirmed by the data: (0), rigidity of a figure can be dramatically increased if one attaches line terminators to the figure; (1), moving terminators "on" the figure increase rigidity far more than such terminators "off" the figure; (2) decreasing the velocity of the terminator decreases rigidity; (3) decreasing the distance between the terminator and the inflection point increases rigidity; (4) the effect of a moving terminator can be blocked by interposing a stationary terminator between it and a nonrigidly moving portion of the curve. PMID- 3227652 TI - Detection of mirror symmetry in random dot patterns at different eccentricities. AB - Differences between central and eccentric vision in the detection of mirror symmetry were investigated using patterns consisting of small dots. In each trial, a dot pattern was flashed for 140 msec and the subject had to decide whether the upper and lower parts of the dot pattern contained mirror symmetric pairs or whether the dots were distributed totally randomly. Detectability of mirror symmetry declined with increasing eccentricity when the retinal size of the dot patterns was constant at different eccentricities and when the size of the patterns in eccentric vision was size-scaled by the cortical magnification factor derived from the frequency of ganglion cells (M-scaling). The drop in detectability was more rapid for constant-size patterns than for M-scaled patterns. The results seem to support the notion that the encoding of positional information in eccentric vision is inferior to that of central vision even when the test patterns are M-scaled. PMID- 3227653 TI - Optokinetic nystagmus thresholds of dark-adapted RCS rats. AB - The thresholds of dark adapted RCS rats and controls were estimated from optokinetic responses to blue stimuli, and compared to thresholds derived from b wave stimulus/response functions. The rats were tested at ages 25, 30 and 35 days, a period during which the RCS degeneration is evolving and normal retinal development is proceeding. At all ages the OKN thresholds of control rats were lower than those of the RCS rats, but only by age 30 days did b-wave thresholds discriminate RCS from controls. As the RCS disease progressed b-wave thresholds increased, but OKN thresholds did not change significantly. The discrepancy between the OKN and b-wave results may be due largely to the smaller OKN stimulus field, which probably stimulates mainly the posterior retina where the RCS degeneration is most advanced. PMID- 3227654 TI - Centroid evaluation in the vernier alignment of random dot clusters. AB - Clusters of random dots have an advantage over the line elements of a typical vernier acuity task in that their internal light distributions may be easily manipulated without affecting the location of their boundaries. The ability of observers to detect the vertical misalignment of two clusters of random dots was measured over a range of cluster sizes and number of constituent dots. Provided the resultant dot density is high enough to allow interpolation to occur, results demonstrate that the task is performed by analysing the centroid (centre of gravity) of the clusters along the direction of their offset. PMID- 3227655 TI - Critical flicker frequency as a function of stimulus area and luminance at various eccentricities in human cone vision: a revision of Granit-Harper and Ferry-Porter laws. AB - When the photopic luminous flux collected by ganglion cells was kept constant at all retinal locations by reducing average stimulus luminance in inverse proportion to photopic Ricco's area (F-scaling), critical flicker frequency to stimuli of 1.2-88 deg2 in area, presented at various eccentricities along the temporal meridian of the visual field, increased as a single logarithmic function of the number of retinal ganglion cells stimulated. Their number was calculated by multiplying stimulus area by the ganglion cell receptive field density of the human retina. When the number of ganglion cells stimulated was kept constant by enlarging the stimulus area in inverse proportion to the ganglion cell density (M scaling), the logarithm of CFF to green, yellow, orange and red cone-targets increased as parallel linear functions of logarithmic flux, calculated by multiplying retinal illuminance by photopic Ricco's area. PMID- 3227656 TI - The functional role of contrast adaptation. AB - Prolonged inspection of high contrast sinewave gratings increases the contrast required to detect gratings having a similar spatial frequency and orientation. The functional role of such adaptation has, however, in the past, eluded disclosure. We here show that 5 min adaptation to a 2 c/deg sinewave grating of 0.8 contrast changes the observer's ability to discriminate the contrast level of a subsequently presented grating of the same spatial frequency and orientation. Similar to the threshold elevation effect, the observers required more incremental contrast for background contrast levels between 0.1 and 0.4 following adaptation. However, for contrast levels above 0.5, the observers required less delta contrast, following adaptation, to correctly discriminate which of two gratings was incremented in contrast. A simple model for adaptation is proposed to account for the findings which is based on a shift in the semi-saturation constant of the detector's contrast-response function. According to this model, adaptation acts to linearize the underlying mechanism's response in the region near the prevailing contrast level. PMID- 3227657 TI - Contributions of the opponent mechanisms to brightness and nonlinear models. AB - Additivity of heterochromatic brightness matching was investigated between unique green and red (660 nm), and between unique-blue and unique-yellow with 2-deg bipartite field composed of a 100 td white reference field and a bichromatic mixture field. Ten subjects participated in the measurements and the results showed wide varieties among subjects. Previous models for brightness perception based on the contributions of red-green and yellow-blue opponent channels can explain some properties of the results, but they fail to explain other aspects. To overcome the difficulties, a new model is proposed for the brightness perception at photopic levels. PMID- 3227658 TI - Contrast discrimination: invariant to spatial parameters. AB - Contrast discrimination thresholds were measured for 2-dimensional difference-of Gaussian stimuli using a spatial 2-alternative forced-choice method. The stimulus diameter was varied from 0.4 to 3 deg and the distance between the centres of stimuli from 1 to 12 deg. When the two stimuli were presented on opposite sides of the fixation point on the horizontal meridian the discrimination thresholds were invariant to stimulus size and distance. When the stimulus configuration was vertical and moved to the temporal visual field, the discrimination thresholds were found to depend slightly on the inter-stimulus distance. A high-contrast bar placed between the stimuli did not influence the discrimination sensitivity. PMID- 3227659 TI - Contrast sensitivity for oscillating sine wave gratings during ocular fixation and pursuit. AB - The influence of pursuit eye movements on the visibility of sine wave gratings was investigated by the simultaneous measurement of eye movements and contrast thresholds under different viewing conditions. It was concluded that: 1. with moving gratings contrast sensitivity during ocular pursuit was equal to contrast sensitivity during maintained fixation on a stationary target, provided that the magnitude of retinal image motion (0-20 deg/sec) was equal in both cases; 2. accurate pursuit eye movements led to a paradoxical suppression of the visibility of low spatial frequency gratings; 3. the visibility of high spatial frequency gratings remained unchanged during accurate pursuit eye movements; 4. iso contrast-sensitivity resulting from both pursuit and non-pursuit conditions could be used to quantify the ocular pursuit performance. PMID- 3227660 TI - The effect of isoluminant and isochromatic stimuli on latency and amplitude of saccades. AB - When two stimuli are presented in different positions successively at short time intervals saccadic eye movements are usually directed at intermediate positions. This phenomenon of "averaging" of saccadic eye movements has been studied in responses to double-step target displacements in different stimulus conditions. In these conditions isoluminant and isochromatic stimuli were used with variable contrast and at different background luminances. Although the critical duration of temporal summation differed considerably in these stimulus conditions the duration of the phenomenon of "averaging" remained the same in all conditions. This indicates that temporal properties of the sensory system are not the prime cause of "averaging". Moreover, the onset time of "averaging" relative to the second target displacement turned out to be highly correlated with the mean latency of saccades in the different conditions. The implications of the results for models of oculomotor control are discussed. PMID- 3227661 TI - Orientation and spatial frequency selectivity of adaptation to color and luminance gratings. AB - Prolonged viewing of sinusoidal luminance gratings produces elevated contrast detection thresholds for test gratings that are similar in spatial frequency and orientation to the adaptation stimulus. We have used this technique to investigate orientation and spatial frequency selectivity in the processing of color contrast information. Adaptation to isoluminant red-green gratings produces elevated color contrast thresholds that are selective for grating orientation and spatial frequency. Only small elevations in color contrast thresholds occur after adaptation to luminance gratings, and vice versa. Although the color adaptation effects appear slightly less selective than those for luminance, our results suggest similar spatial processing of color and luminance contrast patterns by early stages of the human visual system. PMID- 3227662 TI - Large-scale relative localization across spatial frequency channels. AB - Large-scale relative localization accuracy is measured with objects that stimulate different ranges of spatial frequencies. The author has previously made measurements using objects that stimulate only high-spatial-frequency channels or only low-spatial-frequency channels and found no effect of spatial frequency. In the present study, relative localization accuracy, i.e. interval discrimination, is measured with an object pair consisting of a low-spatial-frequency object and a high-spatial-frequency object. Relative localization accuracy for this cross channel stimulus is as high as for the same-channel stimuli used previously, showing that the relative localization mechanism operates effectively across spatial frequency channels. PMID- 3227663 TI - Sample design, sampling variance, and estimation procedures for the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. PMID- 3227664 TI - [Patriotic and international instruction during the training of the military physician]. PMID- 3227665 TI - [Use of the methods of multivariate statistical analysis to improve psychological job selection]. PMID- 3227666 TI - [Organization of the work of a department to remove the psychological load]. PMID- 3227667 TI - [A scale on the attitude of medical institute students to the academic disciplines in a military department]. PMID- 3227668 TI - [Mechanisms of the development and the clinical prodromata of secondary pneumonias in mine-explosion trauma (1)]. PMID- 3227670 TI - [The decisions of the All-Union Congress of Physicians--put into the practice of military public health]. PMID- 3227669 TI - [Substitution of bone defects of the extremities after gunshot fractures]. PMID- 3227671 TI - [Regional anesthesia in operations on the extremities]. PMID- 3227672 TI - [The problem of closed craniocerebral trauma]. PMID- 3227673 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pleural exudates]. PMID- 3227674 TI - [A method for assessing the sanitary status of the area and water supply of a troop unit]. PMID- 3227675 TI - [Assessment of the functional potentials of the body in adapting to different altitudes]. PMID- 3227676 TI - [Effect of background spinal changes on the development of injuries in flight personnel under G-loads]. PMID- 3227677 TI - [Experience in organizing a rest during the cruise for the ship's crew on a hospital ship]. PMID- 3227678 TI - [New standards for the procurement of medical stores]. PMID- 3227679 TI - [The classification of medical instruments]. PMID- 3227680 TI - [Use of sombrevin-ketamine anesthesia in treating patients with severe injuries]. PMID- 3227681 TI - [Splenectomy in the combined treatment of aplastic anemia]. PMID- 3227682 TI - [Intraocular correction of unilateral aphakia after the removal of a traumatic cataract]. PMID- 3227683 TI - [The significance of the hepatitis B virus in the development of chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 3227684 TI - [Rare site of a supernumerary thyroid]. PMID- 3227685 TI - [Towards a further increase in the efficiency and quality of medical support for the troops]. PMID- 3227686 TI - Symptoms and routine laboratory abnormalities associated with coccidioidomycosis. AB - To assess the relationships of various symptoms and other early findings to the diagnosis of primary coccidioidomycosis, we devised a 40-question survey that was completed by 556 college students seeking medical care for illness possibly due to Coccidioides immitis. The results of routine laboratory studies on these patients were also compiled. Of 269 who had coccidioidal antibody determinations and other diagnostic tests, coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed in 36 (13%). By logistic regression procedures, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, male gender, "red lumps on shins," recent arrival to an endemic area, acuteness of symptoms, and decreased total peripheral blood lymphocyte counts were independent factors positively associated with infection (P less than .05). Relative risk analysis indicated that 60% of patients with four or more of these factors were found to have coccidioidomycosis. Other significantly but not independently associated factors were an increased total leukocyte count, chest pain with breathing, fever, an absence of hoarseness, and an abnormal chest roentgenogram. PMID- 3227687 TI - AIDS in schools and day-care centers. PMID- 3227688 TI - Local planning for health care. PMID- 3227689 TI - New facts about fat. PMID- 3227690 TI - Taste disorder from zinc deficiency after tonsillectomy. PMID- 3227691 TI - Penicillin-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 3227692 TI - Midcycle pneumothorax in a patient with catamenial pneumothoraces. PMID- 3227693 TI - Debunking barium appendicitis. PMID- 3227694 TI - Why every woman over 40 isn't in a breast cancer detection program. PMID- 3227695 TI - Fluoride in mineral water. PMID- 3227696 TI - On the meaning of words. PMID- 3227697 TI - The yin and yang of medical practice. PMID- 3227698 TI - HIV disease prevention and treatment. A model for local planning. AB - Since first reported in 1981, about a fourth of all cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States have occurred in California. In response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, California has developed a five-point strategy consisting of epidemiologic surveillance; prevention education; the provision of medical treatment and supportive services; research; and continuous planning, evaluation, and coordination of programs. Given the size and tremendous environmental and cultural diversity of California, as well as the variable local impact of HIV disease local jurisdictions need to develop HIV disease prevention and treatment plans specifically tailored to the circumstances of their communities. At a minimum, these plans should include central participatory planning, epidemiologic surveillance, HIV antibody testing and prevention education programs, provision for medical treatment and social support services, and coordination of financing mechanisms. We present a model for such plans. PMID- 3227699 TI - On not growing accustomed to death. PMID- 3227701 TI - Aspects of human nutrition. PMID- 3227700 TI - Trust at risk. PMID- 3227702 TI - Investigations on the spectral interactions of fusarin C with rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. AB - 1. The spectral interaction of a mutagenic fungal metabolite, fusarin C, with rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 was investigated using a method which determines competitive inhibition between substrates eliciting the same type of spectral change. The strong u.v. absorption of fusarin C in the region where the spectral changes of cytochrome P-450 are monitored prevented direct binding studies. 2. The conversion of fusarin C to fusarin PM1 by the microsomal carboxylesterase was effectively inhibited by either decreasing the temperature during the binding studies or by addition of NaF (20 mM) during the enzymic inhibition investigations. 3. Fusarin C competitively inhibited the binding of the type II substrate aniline, yet the enzymic hydroxylation reaction of aniline was inhibited in a non-competitive manner. 4. Although the C-13/C-14 epoxide group of fusarin C is necessary for mutagenicity, an additional metabolic step is required. The present data indicated that fusarin C may interact with cytochrome P-450 in a similar way to aniline. PMID- 3227703 TI - Oxidative deamination of alicyclic primary amines by liver microsomes from rats and rabbits. AB - 1. Substrate selectivity and species difference in the oxidative deamination of the alicyclic primary amines, cyclopentylamine, cyclohexylamine, cycloheptylamine, 1- and 2-aminoindane, and 1- and 2-aminotetralin were studied using liver microsomes from rats and rabbits. 2. The deamination rates of the amines were much greater with liver microsomes from rabbits than from rats. Substrate selectivity resulted in much faster deamination of 1-aminoindane and 1 aminotetralin than of the corresponding 2-amino compounds, especially in rats. 3. When 1-aminoindane and 1-aminotetralin were incubated with rat liver microsomes and NADPH under 18O2, oxygen-18 was incorporated into the deaminated products, 1 indanone and 1-tetralone. The carbinolamine is a key intermediate in the oxidative deamination by rat liver microsomes, indicating the contribution of cytochrome P-450-dependent alpha-C-oxidation to the reaction. 4. Alicyclic primary amines gave type II binding spectra with rat and rabbit liver microsomes, but the spectra appeared to contain type I components. 5. The ratios of the alcohols, cyclohexanol, 2-tetralol and 2-indanol in the deaminated products were high in both rats and rabbits. The ketones were precursors of the alcohols, and substrate selectivity in reduction of the alicyclic ketones with NADPH was similar in both species. PMID- 3227704 TI - The inhibition by chlorate of the sulphation of polyethyleneglycol in the isolated perfused guinea pig liver. AB - 1. The sulphation of polyethyleneglycol 200 by the isolated perfused guinea pig liver is inhibited to about 60% by 10 mM ClO3- in the plasma of the perfusate when the concentration of SO4(2-) therein is 1.18 mM. 2. The inhibition is almost complete when the concentration of SO4(2-) is about 0.1 mM, a level which can be achieved by using a modified Ringer-bicarbonate solution, devoid of sulphate, to prepare the perfusate. 3. Chlorate, presumably through its action on ATP sulphurylase, may therefore be a useful inhibitor of sulphation in the isolated perfused liver when the activity of the sulphurylase is rate-limiting. 4. The rate of bile production in the presence of chlorate is no different from that in its absence showing that, in the time scale of the perfusion, chlorate is not a general liver poison. 5. When the synthesis of PAPS is not rate-limiting, as in the sulphation of oestrone metabolites by rat liver, chlorate has no effect on the rate of sulphation. PMID- 3227705 TI - Further analysis of sparteine oxidation in a Japanese population and comparison with data observed in different ethnic populations. AB - 1. Data on the oxidation polymorphism of sparteine (SP) studied in 84 unrelated Japanese subjects of whom two (2.4%) were classified as poor metabolizers (PMs) were re-evaluated. The data were obtained from 6-hour urinary excretion ratios of SP to 2- and 5-dehydrosparteines (DHS), after an oral dose of 100 mg of SP sulphate. 2. Urinary excretion of both SP and DHS correlated with the SP/DHS ratio (rs = 0.862 and -0.756, respectively, P less than 0.001). In addition, urinary excretion of 2-DHS, 5-DHS or total DHS discriminated between PMs and extensive metabolizers (EMs). There was also a highly significant correlation (rs = 0.669, P less than 0.001) between the urinary excretion of 2- and 5-DHS. 3. These re-evaluated results on the oxidation polymorphism of SP indicate that 2- and 5-DHS formation from SP shares a common metabolic pathway (presumably via the same P-450 isozyme), and that the SP/DHS ratio, conventionally used as a discriminating index between PMs and EMs, quantitatively reflects the capacity of 2- and 5-DHS formation. 4. The benefit of using a shorter (6 h) collection period for assessing the individual oxidation phenotype of SP and inter-ethnic comparison of SP oxidation is also discussed. PMID- 3227706 TI - A comparative in vitro metabolic study of methaphenilene and pyribenzamine. AB - 1. In vitro metabolism of methaphenilene (MFN) and pyribenzamine (PBZ) was compared to that of methapyriline (MPH) in rat, because chronic treatment with MPH causes cancer in rats, whereas MFN and PBZ cause no cancer. 2. G.l.c. and mass spectrometry were used to identify 7 metabolites of MFN and 6 of PBZ in extracts of rat liver microsome incubations. 3. Quantification of the metabolic pathways revealed that N-oxide formation is considerably more important for both MFN and PBZ than for MPH, and only MPH forms an amide as a metabolic product. 4. Quantitative balance studies show that a lower recovery is apparent for metabolic experiments with MPH than for either MFN or PBZ under all conditions examined, indicating that significant metabolic pathways for MPH exist which are not being measured under these conditions. PMID- 3227707 TI - In vitro inhibition by stiripentol of rat brain cytochrome P-450-mediated naphthalene hydroxylation. AB - 1. The formation of 1-naphthol from naphthalene was investigated in rat brain 105,000 g particulate fraction. The reaction showed NADPH dependency and was inhibited by carbon monoxide. Michaelis-Menten kinetics were apparent with Vmax = 0.264 pmol/mg protein per min and Km = 22.6 microM. 2. Stiripentol, an antiepileptic drug containing a methylenedioxybenzene moiety, proved to be a potent inhibitor of the reaction, with an IC50 value close to 1 microM under the conditions of study and without preincubation. 3. The inhibitory activity of stiripentol was seen mainly after metabolic activation of the drug. The inhibitory effect appeared progressively when substrate and inhibitor were added together to the incubates, whereas its appearance was more rapid following preincubation of stiripentol. PMID- 3227708 TI - [The psychophysical function of color vision]. PMID- 3227709 TI - [Frustration-induced rise in blood pressure and its decline through aggressive reactions]. PMID- 3227710 TI - [Are marker identification and mental rotation independent transformations of the visual code?]. PMID- 3227712 TI - [A new kind of damage to forests in Central Europe]. PMID- 3227711 TI - [The significance of partial visual feedback in discrete goal movements]. PMID- 3227713 TI - [Air quality and air quality research in East Germany]. PMID- 3227714 TI - [Trends in medical microbiology. I. Diagnosis of pathogenic markers]. PMID- 3227715 TI - [Environmental health toxicology--a health political responsibility]. PMID- 3227716 TI - [Activities modifying health status in Berlin]. PMID- 3227717 TI - [Hospital bed occupancy]. PMID- 3227718 TI - [Reasons for underutilization of hospital beds]. PMID- 3227720 TI - [Sexual development and sex education of educable, productive mentally retarded students]. PMID- 3227719 TI - [Stomatologic studies of Mozambique children. Periodontal and oral health status]. PMID- 3227721 TI - [Are requirements for increased safety in dealing with antineoplastic drugs exaggerated?]. PMID- 3227722 TI - [Poison--subject and parable. Facts and fables on flora]. PMID- 3227723 TI - Forensic toxicologic analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine optical isomers by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Optical isomers (d and l) and racemic compounds (dl) of methamphetamine (MAMP) and amphetamine (AMP), and biologic materials including those substances, could be analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Examining the temperature for the analysis, 40 degrees C was the optimal condition in the reproducibility of separated MAMP-isomers. The reproducibility at the temperature did not vary significantly. The measured values of optical isomers were 0.116 +/- 0.012, 1.082 +/- 0.070 and 8.984 +/- 0.136 for the mixing ratios (l/d) of 0.111, 1.000, and 9.000, respectively. The detection limit for both d- and l-isomers was 25 ng. The analytic result of hair specimens from two stimulant abusers by the present method indicates that they contained only d-MAMP and d-AMP, which is believed to have the strongest pharmacologic effect among the optical isomers of MAMP. The coefficient of variation in the analysis of five replicate standards, prepared by adding 1,000 ng each of racemate MAMP and AMP to hair, was less than 4%. The measured value against l/d = 1.000 was 1.040 +/- 0.040 in MAMP and 0.980 +/- 0.030 in AMP. The detection limit for both racemate MAMP and AMP accumulated in hair was 250 ng. The analysis of the optical isomers by our method would contribute to identifying the smuggling routes or the illicit method. PMID- 3227725 TI - Cytokinetics of epidermic cells in skin from human cadavers. II. Dependency on sex, age, and site. AB - Kinetic data on the labeling index (LI), DNA synthesis time (ts), and potential doubling time (tpot) of epidermic cells in relation to sex, age, and site were obtained by in vitro incubation of skin cylinders from 45 human cadavers with DNA precursors 3H- and 14C-thymidine. In a first study on parts of the same material, it was established that LI over a period of more than 70 h and tpot over a period of at least 30 h remained essentially unchanged and are comparable with live humans, when the cadavers were stored at 4 degrees C. The following results were obtained: The female and male cadavers had a LI of 2.6% (+/- 0.8%) or 2.5% (+/- 0.8%), a ts of 3.9 h (+/- 0.2 h) or 5.0 h (+/- 1.6 h), and a tpot of 168.5 h (+/- 34.3 h) or 183.9 h (+/- 27.2 h). The LI for the thigh and knee ranged between 21.3% and 25.8% in different age groups. No statistically relevant differences were established between the sexes or among the age groups. Topographic allocation of the proliferative-kinetic data ultimately showed that, on the average, LI was relatively high at the elbow (3.1% +/- 1.0%) with short tpot (109.3 +/- 72.5 h) and a comparatively large epidermal diameter (47.1 microns); by contrast, LI at the lower abdomen was impressively low (2.1% +/- 0.8%), tpot relatively long (183.0 +/- 138.7 h) and mean epidermal diameter relatively small (23.0 microns). Nevertheless, no statistically relevant differences were established between data for elbow and lower abdomen or between other data for different sites. The proliferative-kinetic data for human cadavers were compared with data reported in the literature for live humans. PMID- 3227724 TI - Cytokinetics of epidermic cells in skin from human cadavers. I. Dependency on the postmortal interval. AB - Punch biopsies taken from the extensor side of the thigh of 35 human cadavers were incubated in vitro with radioactively labeled thymidine (3H-thymidine = 3H TdR, 14C-thymidine = 14C-TdR) to determine whether a relationship exists between changes in the proliferative activity of the skin and the postmortal interval after irreversible cardiac arrest. The cadavers were stored at 4 degrees C. Cadavers with indeterminable time of death or presence of intoxication, drug therapy with cytostatic agents, or a skin disease were excluded from the study. Single, double, or multiple biopsies were performed on the same cadaver; single labeling with 3H-TdR was done in all cases; double labeling with 3H-TdR and 14C TdR in selected cases. No relevant changes in the labeling index (mean, 2.39 +/- 1.03%) were demonstrable within the examined postmortal interval of 77.75 h. The DNA synthesis time (ts) was, on the average, 4.75 +/- 1.44 h; a certain relationship to the postmortal interval existed since ts declined with increasing storage time. The potential doubling time (tpot) decreased accordingly, beginning with 181.7 h (mean storage time, 29.9 h) and ending with 137.7 h (mean storage time, 41.7 h). No statistically relevant differences, however, were established at the 1% level. Whereas both labeling index and tpot during the early postmortal interval are comparable with observations in live humans, ts was relatively short as compared to that for the epidermis of live humans. PMID- 3227726 TI - [Sexual dimorphism of the scapula]. AB - Studies on 96 male and 53 female human right scapulas confirmed a highly significant sexual dimorphism. This sexual dimorphism could also be ascertained for 23 pairs of scapulas from male and female individuals with identical body height. It therefore depends not only on the different average stature of men and women. Using the presented quantitative criteria, the sex of 88% of the bones could be determined correctly, while 4% were misclassified. PMID- 3227727 TI - Fatal intoxications in Denmark following intake of morphine from opium poppies. AB - In Denmark it is legal to grow opium poppies for the production of poppy seeds and until 1986 for decoration purposes, too. Danish poppy capsules contain 0.3-5 mg morphine per capsule and the content of morphine in opium exuded from the capsules may amount to 24%. This has resulted in misuse as both fresh and dried poppy capsules have been used for the production of "opium tea". During the period 1982-1985, seven casualties occurred among drug addicts in Denmark which were solely or partly caused by these opium poppies. PMID- 3227728 TI - Genetic polymorphism of desialyzed alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein by ultrathin isoelectric focusing. AB - The genetically determined polymorphism of alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein was analyzed by immunoblotting ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing in the pH range 4-6.5 and neuraminidase pretreated sera. In a Libyan population sample from Tripoli (n = 110) three common phenotypes, alpha 2 HSG 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2, were observed. The allele frequencies were alpha 2 HSG1 = 0.8364 and alpha 2 HSG2 = 0.1636. The theoretical exclusion rate in cases of disputed paternity is 11.8%. PMID- 3227729 TI - Intraperitoneal injection of Bordetella pertussis vaccine and thiomersal failed to produce intussusception in mice. PMID- 3227730 TI - [atwp mutation in an albino mouse substrain (AB/Hum-1)]. PMID- 3227731 TI - Ascorbic acid excretion as a noninvasive screening parameter of mixed function oxygenases status in rats. PMID- 3227732 TI - [A comparison of methods for the determination of intrarenal calcium oxalate crystallization after glyoxalate administration in rabbits]. PMID- 3227734 TI - [Urogynecologic findings in patients following abdominal radical operation for cervix cancer]. AB - Two collectives of patients of the I. Gynecological-obstetrical clinic Praha/CSSR suffering from cervical cancer are examined after abdominal radical hysterectomy Wertheim-Meigs. Group 1 contained 125 women treated in the years 1957 to 1966, group 2 included 89 women undergoing the operation in the years 1981 to 1986. In group 2 we found a lower rate of perioperative injuries and early and late disturbances of the urinary tract following radical hysterectomy. This may be a result of more careful preparation of the ureter and intensive postoperative care. We examined 56 women of group 2 by urodynamics. There are statistical significant changes of the maximum urethral pressure and bladder compliance after the operation. This values returned to normal limits with increasing distance between operation and follow-up. PMID- 3227733 TI - [Sexuality following radical operations]. AB - In a retrospective study to evaluate the sexuality of patients after radical surgery for cervical cancer, we interviewed with a standardized questionnaire 87 women who had undergone radical abdominal (N = 76) or radical vaginal (N = 11) hysterectomy between 1971 and 1985. Apart from employment and partnership, we assessed sexual behaviour as reflected by frequency of coitus, libido, and orgasm. The patients were questioned about each aspect preoperatively before knowing the diagnosis, post-operatively after the immediate effects of surgery had passed, and at the time of the interview. 6.6% of the women could be considered invalids. There was a clear decrease in frequency of coitus and an anxiety-related decrease of libido. However, the number of patients without sexual activity was not statistically different from that in an age-matched group of women who did not undergo surgery. 4.5% of partnerships broke up as an immediate consequence of the surgery. Only 20% of the patients felt they had been adequately informed of possible sexual consequences of treatment by the surgeon. PMID- 3227735 TI - [Disorders of bladder emptying following abdominal radical operation of cervix cancer]. AB - Radical abdominal hysterectomy causes functional disorders of the lower urinary tract. We prospectively evaluated urinary dysfunction in 72 women before 2 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. The results were compared to those of 10 women who underwent simple abdominal hysterectomy. After radical abdominal hysterectomy 63% of our patients had impaired or absent bladder sensibility at 6 months. Bladder compliance was abnormal in 79% patients at 14 days and in 60% after 6 months and 1 year. Preoperative urethral stress profiles were performed in 58 patients. 69% of the stress profiles showed continence, 31% stress incontinence. 11 initially continent women (22%) developed stress incontinence. We attribute post-operative stress incontinence to surgical trauma, edema, haematoma, scartissue that restricts mobility of the bladder neck. PMID- 3227736 TI - [Involvement of pelvic lymph nodes in ovarian cancer]. AB - In contrast to earlier operating standards some authors have in the past few years, also removed pelvic lymphnodes when ovarian cancer was diagnosed. From 26 of our patients suffering from ovarian cancer, one third proved to have positive lymphnodes, when pelvic lymphonodectomy was carried out. Our data, along with data from other authors, were reviewed and included in a statistical evaluation. PMID- 3227737 TI - [Assessment of urination before and following operations for stress incontinence]. AB - Micturition studies, using uroflowmetry (electronic weighting), and calendar evaluation were repetitively applied in a prospective scheme to 55 women with stress incontinence under standardised conditions preoperatively as well as two to four weeks and again two to six months after surgery. Investigations of the same kind were made for comparison on 22 women with clinically intact urinary tract. The mean values of micturition volumes, maximum and average urine flow rates and rates of increase in flow (angle alpha) of the 55-group differed with significance from the controls, even before surgery. Those differences were even larger in the early postoperative phase, when significant rises were recordable also from voiding time and flow time. In later follow-up checks, however, mean values returned to points closer to preoperative original figures (but not to normal comparative values). When different surgical techniques were separately evaluated (18 cases of simple vaginal repair, 14 cases of pubococcygeal repair, 14 sling operations, and nine colposuspensions), the significance of early postoperative differences between mean values continued to apply only to maximum and average urine flow after sling operations and to average flow rate after simple vaginal repair. Mean voiding, flow, and waiting time were preoperatively increased only in cases of severe descensus. The dependence of maximum and average flow rate on voided volume was duly considered in the uroflow index. There were again significant preoperative and postoperative differences from the control group, but on balance the index stayed within normal or boundary limits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227738 TI - [Oral ciprofloxacin therapy in salpingitis]. AB - Thirty patients with clinical pelvic inflammatory disease were studied. Diagnosis was confirmed by laparoscopy. To determine the microbiological etiology, swab specimen for detection of aerobic, anaerobic and chlamydial infections were obtained from the endocervix, fimbriae and cul-de-sac. In 22 of 30 patients, microorganisms were detected. The patients received ciprofloxacin 2 X 750 mg p.o. daily at 12 hours interval for 10 days. During and after therapy, bacteriological examinations of the endocervix were performed. Based on the microbiological evaluation and clinical aspects, the bacteriological response and clinical efficacy were 86%. Laboratory analysis showed no alterations of blood values. As side effects we noticed gastrointestinal complaints (6/30), candidiasis vulvovaginalis (6/30), allergic exanthema (5/30) and non-bacterial cystitis (2/30). Oral ciprofloxacin-monotherapy proved to be safe and effective in pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 3227739 TI - [Metastatic spread of extramammary malignant melanomas to the female breast and the clinical consequences]. AB - Two cases of melanomas with the one site of localisation of metastases in the breast are presented. The conclusion is to perform a two step operative therapy of breast tumor for patients with a history of melanoma to avoid unnecessary mutilating operations. PMID- 3227740 TI - [What is the significance of the multi-hit theory of the viral origin of malignant tumors?]. PMID- 3227741 TI - Animal carotenoids. 32. Carotenoids of Mytilus edulis (edible mussel). AB - Nineteen different carotenoids have been isolated from various harvests of Mytilus edulis (edible mussels). Besides beta,beta-carotene (occasional) these were ten acetylenic C40-carotenoids: crocoxanthin-like, anhydro-amarouciaxanthin B, 19'-hexanoyloxyisomytiloxanthin, isomytiloxanthin, alloxanthin, mytiloxanthin, amarouciaxanthin B-like, halocynthiaxanthin, pectenol-like and heteroxanthin; two acetylenic C37-carotenoids: pyrrhoxanthinol and hydrato-pyrrhoxanthinol; four C40 skeletal allenic carotenoids: 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, fucoxanthin, 19' hexanoyloxyfucoxanthinol and fucoxanthinol; two C37-skeletal allenic carotenoids: peridinin and peridininol. Anhydro-amarouciaxanthin B, 19' hexanoyloxyisomytiloxanthin (minor occasional) and hydrato-pyrrhoxanthinol constitute new carotenoids. The characterization comprised TLC and HPLC behaviour, VIS spectrophotometry, 1H NMR (including full assignment of three new carotenoid end groups), CD and mass spectra, as well as chemical derivatizations. Stereochemical considerations are discussed. PMID- 3227742 TI - Synthesis of 4-methoxy-2,3,5-trimethylpyridine: a specific building block for compounds with gastric-acid inhibiting activity. AB - A new synthesis of 4-methoxy-2,3,5-trimethylpyridine (2), an important building block for the preparation of gastric-acid inhibiting compounds, is described. Condensation of ethyl 3-amino-2-methyl-2-butenoate (3) and diethyl 2 methylmalonate (4) gives 4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2(1H)-pyridone 5. Reaction of 5 with phosphoryl chloride affords 2,4-dichloro-3,5,6-trimethylpyridine (9a), which, upon hydrogenolysis with palladium on charcoal, gives 2,3,5 trimethylpyridine (10). However, selective hydrogenolysis in acidic solution yields 4-chloro-2-3-5-trimethylpyridine (11). Substitution of the chlorine in 11 with methoxide ion gives 4-methoxy-2,3,5-trimethylpyridine (2), which can be oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide (13). This constitutes a new and efficient route to compound 2 in an overall yield of 43%. PMID- 3227744 TI - Cefotetan, a new approach in the management of mixed infections. Cambridge symposium. March 30, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3227743 TI - Synthesis of polyconjugated aldehydes using a new Horner--Wadsworth--Emmons reagent. PMID- 3227745 TI - Fibrinolysis and peptic ulcer. AB - The results here presented are well correlated to previous studies showing a low activity of plasminogen activator around an ulcer, but a high activity proximally to this has not been shown before, neither that the activity is dependent on the ulcer localization. The results show low fibrinolytic activity in the mucosa after treatment with cimetidine which has not before been observed. Theoretically these results could give an idea of better effect of antifibrinolytic treatment in patients with bleeding from duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3227746 TI - Indications for elective surgery and selection of operation in peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 3227747 TI - Operative technique of highly selective (parietal cell) vagotomy. PMID- 3227748 TI - Vagotomy--antrectomy. How I do it. PMID- 3227749 TI - Psychiatric morbidity and cause of death following gastrectomy for peptic ulcer. PMID- 3227750 TI - Gastric stump carcinoma--is prophylactic screening indicated? PMID- 3227751 TI - Antacid in the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in burns. AB - In a retrospective survey the efficacy of a prophylactic antacid regime with aluminiumhydroxyde/magnesiumcarbonate (LINK, A.L. pharma) was investigated in 157 patients with major burns. Only 14% developed any sign of upper gastrointestinal stress ulceration, and only 5% revealed clinically significant bleeding indicating blood transfusion. No case developed haemodynamic instability, nor need for acute surgery, and no one died from haemorrhage. We found the regime economically attractive, and with few and reversible side effects. We conclude that our prophylactic regime is highly effective. PMID- 3227752 TI - Immuno-bead test (IgG-IgA-IBT) in cervical mucus for the diagnosis of antisperm isoimmunization in female infertile patients with negative or doubtful PCT. AB - 57 infertile women belonging to infertile couples with negative or doubtful PCT underwent the following tests: Sperm Cervical Mucus Contacts Test (SCMC-Test), IgG-IgA-Immuno-Bead Test (IgG-IgA-IBT) in cervical mucus, Micro Sperm Immobilizing Test (Micro-SIT) in cervical mucus and Sperm Immobilizing Test (SIT) in serum. Et least one of the tests gave a positive result in 49.1% of the patients examined and there was a significant difference between the SCMC-Test and the IgG-IgA-IBT: the former was positive in 26 out of 45 patients (57.7%), while the latter was positive in 13 cases (28.8%), (chi 2 = 6.48, p less than 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the cervical mucus IgG-IgA-IBT, cervical mucus Micro-SIT and serum SIT; these were positive in respectively 14 (24.5%), 18 (31.5%) and 17 (29.8%) in the 57 patients who underwent all the tests at the same time. Three of the four cases with a mildly positive result of the cervical mucus IgG-IgA-IBT, where the beads were located at the tail-tip, showed negative results to all the other tests performed. Cervical mucus IgG-IgA-IBT is therefore a fairly specific method for the determination of antisperm isoantibodies in the cervical mucus as long as the assessment of those cases with low positivity and beads located mainly at the tail-tip is performed carefully. It is advisable in these patients to take into consideration the results of more classical tests such as cervical mucus Micro SIT. PMID- 3227753 TI - HIV infection and pregnancy: diagnostic and follow-up program for the pregnant woman and newborn child. AB - The authors take as their starting point the cases of 8 pregnancies in HIV serologically positive women, admitted for their observation from July 1986 to March 1988. They emphasize the importance of clinical, anamnestic and serological screening in order to identify those subjects at risk, and thereby prevent the vertical transmission of the virus. To this end, they propose a protocol to be used for all women at risk, both pregnant and not, both seropositive and seronegative. They also advise repeated clinical and immunological checks of the children of asymptomatic carrier mothers. PMID- 3227754 TI - Structure of rete testis, vas efferens, epididymis and vas deferens of langur monkey (Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne). AB - Morphological and histological features of rete testis, vas efferens, epididymis and vas deferens were studied in the langur monkey. Tubular extensions of rete were located towards lateral side of the testis. Its epithelium comprises mostly of cuboidal cells with hyaline cytoplasm. Three to nine bundles of vas efferens, emerging below the cranial pole of the testis, were observed. Vas efferens epithelium comprises of ciliated and nonciliated cells. Epididymis could be divided into six zones on the basis of cytological features. Principal cells, basal cells, apical cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes were observed in the epididymal epithelium, but their number, shape, size and location of nuclei varied in different zones. Vas deferens epithelium comprises of principal cells, basal cells, apical cells and few intraepithelial lymphocytes. Epithelium is surrounded by lamina propria, longitudinal, circular and longitudinal muscle layers. PMID- 3227755 TI - Serological study of rubella in pregnancy: two years of experience in Palermo (1984-1986). AB - A serological survey was carried out by means of an ELISA capture-immunoassay for IgM and by means of the haemagglutino-inhibition method or ELISA for IgG antibodies on 715 women in fertile age and on 12 patients suffering from rubella or rubella-like syndrome. Fetal serum samples were obtained at fetoscopy from 4 pregnant women at different gestational age. The overall results show that although the high percentage (greater than 80.0%) of anti-rubella positive women in fertile age in our country, 18 out of 54 women in pregnancy, having had contacts with people affected by rubella or rubella-like syndrome, showed a seroconversion for rubella virus. The outcome of the pregnancy in these patients is known for 11 cases only: six women decided for abortion, four had a normal baby and one, mother of twins, bore an apparently healthy child the other one being dead 4 hrs after the delivery owing to fetal respiratory distress. Conclude this study some considerations on the necessity to emphasize the opportunity for a mass vaccination program and on the importance for more than one serological test to discriminate among different rubella-like syndromes. PMID- 3227756 TI - Biochemical and physiological alterations in female reproductive organs of cyclic rats treated with aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. AB - Biochemical and physiological alterations have been observed in the genital tract of female cyclic rats treated with aqueous extract of M. oleifera Lam. Its administration caused a significant increase in the glycogen contents, protein concentration, activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and the level of total cholesterol in all the organs at initial days of treatment. However, at longer days of treatment the values revealed a significant depletion. Initially its administration stimulated the uterine structures, caused metaplastic changes in the cervical epithelium and provoked considerable cornification in the vaginal epithelium. At later durations significant inhibition in the histoarchitecture was observed. Biochemical observations supplemented with the histological findings have been correlated with the anti-implantation action of the aqueous extract in the light of its hormonal properties. PMID- 3227758 TI - Different neurophysiological mechanisms underlying delayed reaction and trace conditioned reflex. AB - Electrophysiological study of functional interactions of the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the head of the caudate nucleus and the thalamic medio-dorsal nucleus in 2 monkeys in conditions of the trace reflex and delayed reaction has revealed various morphofunctional systems for these types of memory. The morphofunctional system of the trace CR is characterized by greater stability and a small number of functional connections (21%) in contrast to the dynamic morphofunctional system with a considerable percentage of functional contacts (54%) in case of the delayed reaction. This difference can be very likely related to the different dynamics of functional connections between brain structures rather than to the involvement of various brain structures. PMID- 3227757 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the rabbit epididymis following vasectomy and clip occlusion. AB - Adult male rabbits were subjected to vasectomy, tantalum clip occlusion and sham operations. Caput and cauda regions of epididymis were studied with electron microscope at intervals of 15 days and 15 months after operation. Vasectomized and clip occluded subjects revealed similar changes when compared with sham operated animals. The epithelium remained functionally active even after vasectomy and clip occlusion as indicated by the presence of all characteristic complements of cellular organelles. Increased number of vacuoles and electron dense bodies indicated enhanced absorptive and digestive mechanisms at 15 months of vasectomy and clip occlusion. Disposal of continuously producing spermatozoa following vas occlusion may take place by intraluminal disintegration of sperm and subsequent phagocytosis by epididymal epithelium as evidenced by presence of identifiable parts of spermatozoa and flocculent material in caput and cauda regions. PMID- 3227759 TI - Artificial air ionization doesn't compensate for deleterious effects of monotony in healthy young subjects. PMID- 3227760 TI - Effects of solvent mixtures on behaviour and seizure characteristics at the utmost additive. PMID- 3227761 TI - Receptors for tricyclic antidepressants in different species. PMID- 3227762 TI - Transient and sustained components in spatio-temporal visual perception. PMID- 3227763 TI - Differences in lambda responses to saccades to the right and to the left in humans. PMID- 3227764 TI - Controlled and automatic processing mode in vigilance situation: neuroendocrine correlates of effort. PMID- 3227765 TI - Genetically based animal model of depression: cholinergic supersensitivity. PMID- 3227766 TI - Automatic method of instrumental alimentary conditioning in new-born rats. PMID- 3227767 TI - Intercorrelations between the characteristics of autonomous tonus and reactivity. PMID- 3227768 TI - Psychosomatic microsyndromes in neurological practice. PMID- 3227769 TI - Rational choice theory and suicide. AB - The implications of viewing the decision to kill oneself as a rational choice, based on an analysis of the costs and benefits, were explored. Suicide is but one symptom for an individual in distress to choose, and if suicide is prevented, other symptoms may appear in its place. Similarly, a critical question to be asked in suicide prevention is whether restriction of the availability of one method for suicide (such as detoxifying domestic gas or car exhaust) will result in suicidal individuals switching to a different method for suicide or to a different symptom of distress. PMID- 3227770 TI - Why do people choose particular methods for suicide? AB - A study of people's reasons for choosing a method for suicide indicated that females are more concerned with quickness, painfulness and disfigurement, but less concerned with the availability of the method. Those choosing guns were more concerned about the quickness of the method and less concerned about disfigurement. These results were discussed for their implications as to whether people will switch methods for suicide if one method is made less easily available. PMID- 3227771 TI - Locus of control, anger and suicide. AB - Those who had attempted suicide in the past were found to have higher indirect hostility scores and less of a belief in control by powerful others. The results were examined from the perspective of Seligman's learned helplessness theory and Henry and Short's theory. PMID- 3227772 TI - Human thalamus and striopallidal neuronal responses related to visual perception constancy. PMID- 3227774 TI - Perioperative transfusion practice--an update. A symposium. Mariehamn, Aland, August 21-23, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3227773 TI - Present and future concepts in transfusion practice. PMID- 3227776 TI - Photogrammetry of the muscles of facial expression. AB - The present study has attempted to determine the volume, square measure as well as length, width and thickness of the individual muscles of facial expression by photogrammetry. 15 fresh male head specimens were employed for a careful dissection of muscle layers. The volume was measured using the immersion procedure. The mean values of each parameter together with the standard deviation were summarized. The results suggest that this novelty in the representation of the mimetic muscles will facilitate the planning of corrective interventions in plastic surgery. Moreover, photogrammetry offers additional information on the required size and measurements of donor muscles. PMID- 3227775 TI - Intranuclear bundles of microfilaments and microtubules in chromaffin cells of the auricle of the heart of a lungfish, Protopterus aethiopicus. AB - Intranuclear microtubular-microfilamentous rod-like inclusions were investigated in chromaffin cells of the auricle of the heart of lungfishes. In conventional electron microscopy, these inclusions reveal a wide variety in appearance, depending on their orientation to the plane of sectioning. Whereas originally they were merely interpreted as a bundle of microfilaments, application of a goniometer stage showed the rod- or spindle-shaped intranuclear inclusions to have a basic substructure of parallel arranged microtubules among microfilaments, which are clearly connected to chromatin granules, occasionally penetrating dense areas of chromatin. The chemical nature and biological significance of these structures, which so far remain enigmatic, are discussed. PMID- 3227777 TI - [Is there a cloacal window in the human embryo?]. AB - Three- and four-day-old chicken embryos show normally a defect in the epithelium of the cloacal wall. This defect is not seen in human embryos at a similar developmental stage. Its signification is unknown. PMID- 3227778 TI - Effects of ovarian steroids on vaginal smears in the rat. AB - A correspondence between the appearance of vaginal smears and the layers of the epithelium from which the cells had desquamated was established in untreated rats during the estrous cycle, in control ovariectomized rats and in spayed rats injected with either estrogen or progesterone. The technique for preparing and staining the smears (modified Shorr's staining procedure) is outlined. A simplified system of classification which allows the accurate identification of the various stages of the reproductive state in the rat is described. Standing estrus, as well as the influence of estrogen on spayed rats, is characterized by marked cornification of the cells and the disappearance of leukocytes. At the end of estrus, the cornified layer is sloughed off and invasion by leukocytes occurs. During diestrus, as well as in untreated ovariectomized rats, the vaginal contents consistently lack cornified cells whereas leukocytes are very plentiful. Proestrus follows diestrus: the vaginal smear is devoid of leukocytes and characterized by nucleated epithelial cells. Pregnancy, as well as the influence of progesterone on ovariectomized rats, is also characterized by epithelial growth and desquamation but at different rates, resulting in the presence of intermediate cells, and polymorphs and mucus forming a noticeable background to the smear. Since vaginal smears display cell pictures characteristic for each hormone after administration of estrogen or progesterone, exfoliate cytology is a good indicator of the stage of the reproductive state in the rat. PMID- 3227780 TI - Analysis of the open-closing movement of the human temporomandibular joint. AB - By using X-ray cinemographic techniques and biomechanical methods, the open closing movement of the human temporomandibular joint was investigated in 14 living subjects. The theory of the instantaneous center of rotation (IRC) of the mandibular movement is strongly recommended and the position and the tendency of the IRC are also roughly determined. Moreover, a two-step model of the joint is put forward. PMID- 3227779 TI - The morphological basis for the Polster theory of penile vascular regulation. AB - The discovery of the papaverine erection test by Virag in 1982 stimulated the interest of research workers in the physiology of the penis. Since then, the scheme of functioning proposed by Conti [Acta anat. 14:217-262, 1952] in 1952 has been frequently cited in the literature, although its finalism is evident. It is based upon the presence of regulatory mechanisms along penile arteries, veins and arteriovenous anastomoses. In spite of the fact that these anastomoses were unanimously admitted, recently the presence of arterial and venous cushions has been controverted or even denied. Before attempting any functional explanation using nerves and chemical mediators, we made sure first of the concrete material reality of these anatomical structures. Thirty-five years after the main study, the present observations confirm the morphologic descriptions made in 1952. The contrary would have been astonishing. In fact, arterial and venous cushions were demonstrated by the School of Anatomy of Padova, the most ancient and venerable of all (Fallope, 1550), then by other institutes of morphology that dealt with these cushions in practically all the organs of the human body. It remains to establish their role in erection - whether it is null, complementary or primordial: that is the question. PMID- 3227781 TI - Seasonal ultrastructural changes of the hypophyseal pars tuberalis in the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus L.). AB - The comparison of the hypophyseal pars tuberalis in active and in hibernating hedgehogs reveals different cytological characteristics in the specific secretory cells. In active animals, these cells show oval nuclei and the cytoplasm contains numerous secretory granules near or attached to the cell membrane, suggesting exocytotic release. In hibernating animals, the specific secretory cells are characterized by irregularly shaped and often invaginated nuclei. Clusters of secretory granules lying within the cytoplasm are often joined by lysosomes. These areas are observed to be encircled by cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum. Degenerative processes in the structures sequestered in this way are interpreted as signs of crinophagy which has no equivalent in the cell types of the pars distalis. PMID- 3227782 TI - Choriocapillaris regeneration in the rabbit: a study with vascular casts. AB - Vascular casts were made of the choriocapillaris (CC) of rabbits that received sodium iodate intravenously 6-28 days prior to examination, in order to augment studies of CC regeneration in sectioned material. Regeneration of CC was evident 6 days after administration of iodate where zones of spared CC bordered zones of atrophic CC. Venular as well as capillary sprouts created foci of regenerating CC at this border. These foci to create an extended capillary plexus similar to mature CC. The observations corroborate those obtained in sectioned material as regards the geography of the CC response and the origins of new CC during the sodium iodate retinopathy, and provide new information on the way in which CC regenerates. PMID- 3227783 TI - Ultrastructural study of synovial membrane from the antebrachiocarpal joint of calves. AB - The synovial intima from the antebrachiocarpal joint of 4-month-old calves was between 1 and 3 cells in thickness and did not have a basal lamina. Numerous areas of the intimal matrix were in direct contact with the joint lumen. The synovial membrane was comprised mainly of A-type synoviocytes usually located adjacent to the joint lumen. These cells were characterized by numerous filopodia (or lamellipodia), large, empty-appearing vacuoles, numerous lysosomes, large vacuoles containing granular material separated from the vacuolar membrane by a radiolucent band, and coated micropinocytotic vesicles. Smooth micropinocytotic vesicles were seen only rarely in these cells. In contrast, B-type cells had few filopodia, numerous smooth micropinocytotic vesicles, few coated micropinocytotic vesicles, a well-developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria that were longer and had a denser matrix than that of A cell mitochondria, and surprisingly, only few maturing or fully formed secretory granules. A distinct intermediate (C or AB) type synoviocyte could not be unequivocally identified. Desmosome-like structures were present between synoviocytes, although it was considered questionable if these were true intercellular junctions. No other junctions were present. PMID- 3227784 TI - Combined perfusion and percolation of embalmed animal bodies for removing formaldehyde. AB - Excess formaldehyde was extracted from embalmed animal cadavers by vascular perfusion or combined perfusion and percolation with 20% ethanol. The perfusion was undertaken through a carotid artery and the percolation through the serous body cavities for 1-2 h. Nineteen goats were perfused once and one goat and three cows were perfused and percolated twice a day for 3 days. The extracted cadavers were stored in 20% ethanol or in a freezer at -20 degrees C. The mean value of the atmospheric concentration of formaldehyde after extraction was 0.27 +/- 0.05 mg/m3 for goats and 0.39 +/- 0.12 mg/m3 for cows. PMID- 3227786 TI - A note on degenerative changes in anatomical terminology. PMID- 3227785 TI - Relations of the soft structures of the posterior mediastinum in the scoliotic spine. AB - In 20 dissections of scoliotic cadavers, the changes of the structures in the posterior mediastinum in relation to the spine were found to be as follows. The aorta persistently followed and adhered to the abnormal curves of the spine. The azygos vein and the thoracic duct followed the aorta closely in its changes. The sympathetic trunk and the greater splanchnic nerves likewise followed the changes in the curvature of the scoliotic spine, but they were often disturbed in their course by vertebral osteophytes and by hyperostoses due to arthritis of the costovertebral joints. The esophagus preserved its normal straight course, unaffected by the scoliotic curves. PMID- 3227787 TI - Scanning-electron-microscopical study of the seminal vesicle, coagulating gland, ampullary gland and ventral prostate in the golden hamster. AB - A study of the internal surfaces of the seminal vesicle, coagulating gland, ampullary gland and ventral prostate of the golden hamster was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The internal surface of each of these glands was found to display characteristic features in topography and in arrangements of the microvilli. The features are useful in the identification of these glandular tissues in situ. PMID- 3227789 TI - Ultrastructural features of the ventral prostate epithelial cells in the Australian plains rat, Pseudomys australis. AB - The fine structure of epithelial cells of the small ventral prostate of Pseudomys australis males was studied. The cells were sometimes binucleated, exhibited relatively little granular endoplasmic reticulum, generally few secretory granules (probably reflecting a low proteinaceous secretory activity), but had abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum (AER), similar to that in steroidogenic cells. Some of the mitochondria also showed tubular cristae. Furthermore, most cells had some irregular dense bodies in the cytoplasm which may have developed, by a gradual transformation process, from the membranes of AER, mitochondria and other organelles; they could be the product of degenerative changes in these organelles. These findings indicate a significant difference in the structure of these cells from those present in the ventral prostate of the hopping mouse, Notomys alexis. It is speculated that this gland secretes relatively little protein but perhaps more lipid or cholesterol-derived substance. PMID- 3227788 TI - Ultrastructure of sustentacular (Sertoli) cells in the bovine testis. AB - In the present communication, ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of mature bovine Sertoli cells and their relationship to the different stages of germ cell development are described. As in other mammalian species, different types of junctional specializations exist between Sertoli and germ cells in the bovine seminiferous epithelium, including desmosome-like junctions, Sertoli cell ectoplasmic specializations and tubulobulbar complexes. The functional significance of the morphological results and the interactions of Sertoli and germ cells during spermatogenesis are discussed. PMID- 3227790 TI - Histochemical characteristics of the basement membranes of the parietal podocytes in the rabbit kidney. A light- and electron-microscopic study. AB - The patterns of silver affinity and following treatment with guanidine were studied in the basement membrane produced by pareital podocytes induced by corticoids in newborn rabbits. The goal of this study was to analyze the role of the different cell types of the renal corpuscle in the determination of the histochemical characteristics of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Jones' method shows that while the GBM exhibited silver affinity only after periodic acid oxidation, the basement membrane of parietal podocytes exhibits the same histochemical characteristics as the normal parietal basement membrane, appearing deep black both after periodic-acid or permanganate oxidation, and after elastase or lysozyme digestions. Since the treatment with guanidine shows that the basement membrane of the parietal podocytes lacks the endothelial component typical of the GBM, it may be suggested that the special resistance to silver impregnation exhibited by the basement membrane after permanganate oxidation or after different enzymatic digestions is due to its endothelial component. PMID- 3227791 TI - Ultrastructural morphology of the canine thoracic duct and cisterna chyli. AB - The ultrastructural morphology of the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli of the dog was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Examination of the cisterna chyli, reservoir of the lymphatic system, featured a number of afferent lymphatics draining into the cisterna: valves were however absent. The luminal surface of the endothelial lining of both the thoracic duct and cisterna demonstrated ovoid endothelial nuclei with numerous cellular ridges. Considerable variation existed in the number of smooth muscle cells lining the duct and cisterna in the contracted and distended state. Organelles and inclusions characteristic of endothelium and smooth muscle were identified. Reflux of lymph into the thoracic duct was prevented by a mono- and bicuspid valve situated at the lymphaticovenous junction. PMID- 3227792 TI - Optic nerves in cyclopic and synophthalmic embryos of Gallus domesticus. AB - The optic nerves of experimentally produced cyclopic and synophthalmic embryos of Gallus domesticus were studied to evaluate the course of the optic nerves in these abnormal circumstances. From this study it can be concluded that the course of the optic nerves appears largely to be a result of directional growth and that when decussation does occur in the optic chiasma, it results not from specificity as to side but from a tendency of outgrowing nerve processes to retain the direction of growth as fixed by axial orientation. PMID- 3227793 TI - Cerebral venous sinuses: anatomical variants or thrombosis? AB - Anatomical variations of the posterosuperior dural venous sinuses and, in particular, the absence or hypoplasia of one of them has been described in several studies. However, no recent detailed analysis on the subject exists. Cerebral venous thrombosis is quite often evoked, although rarely confirmed, when the physician is faced with patients having various neurological problems. In fact, for a number of cases the image interpreted as thrombosis is nothing but the total or partial absence of a dural sinus. It was considered of interest to undertake an anatomical study in order to define these variations. The results of anatomoradiological investigations of 70 fresh cadavers were compared to those obtained by angiographic examination of 100 patients not suffering from any kind of venous pathology (patients explored angiographically for glioma, meningioma or aneurysm). Our conclusions and a review of the embryology literature enabled us to demonstrate that a number of radiological findings, quite often considered pathognomonic of venous thrombosis (i.e. 'delta sign'), are in fact the result of anatomical variations. PMID- 3227794 TI - Development and morphology of the periderm of mouse embryos (days 9-12 of gestation). AB - Systematic investigations on time, site and mechanism of the periderm development are not yet available, although this superficial layer also appears to be of morphogenetic importance. Therefore, we investigated the surface epithelium (epidermis) of mouse embryos of days 9-12 of gestation using light- and electron microscopic techniques. On early day 9 it is one-layered. On late day 9 the periderm starts to develop in the region of the upper limb buds, on early day 10 in the region of the lower limb buds, on late day 10 in the back and head regions, and on early day 11 in the ventral region. On day 11 the surface of the limb buds is completely covered by a periderm, in the other regions the periderm development is not yet completed on day 12. The formation of this surface layer starts in many regions and from many cells. The cells form flat, squamous processes that push over neighbouring cells. Subsequently, they detach from the basal lamina, migrate to the surface and adopt an endothelium-like shape. In the contact areas of the periderm cells we find almost exclusively tight junctions. From these findings it can be concluded that the periderm does not have a general protective function against the amniotic fluid, but that it initially protects against regions with a morphogenetically 'active' basal epithelium. A linkage at the basal layer via desmosomes and a well-developed cytoskeleton speak for an additional mechanical function. The occurrence of a protein-synthesizing and secreting apparatus suggests an influence on the composition of the amniotic fluid. A resorbing activity cannot be demonstrated with morphological techniques. PMID- 3227795 TI - Responses of the retinal pigment epithelium of the mouse after acute loss of blood. AB - Albino mice were bled through the hearts by cardiac puncture and 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 mls of blood were taken out from 3 groups of animals. respectively. Half of the experimental animals were reinfused with 5% dextrose 1 h after bleeding. All were killed either 2, 5, 9, 24, 48 or 72 h after bleeding, and the phagosome numbers per 5 pigment cells counted and compared with control retinae. A severe decrease was evident after bleeding and the decrease leveled off 48 h afterwards. Reinfusion with dextrose had a positive beneficial effect. PMID- 3227796 TI - [Anatomical analysis of the abdominal vascular structure in two cases of omphalocele]. PMID- 3227797 TI - Ring-forming, oligotrophic Microcyclus organisms in the water and mud of Lake Balaton. AB - Seventeen oligotrophic Microcyclus strains were isolated from water- and mud samples obtained in the region of the Keszthely-Bay (Lake Balaton, Hungary) using different synthetic media with 1% Na2S2O3. Fifteen strains occurred in samples collected in the winter period. For numerical analysis, all isolates were compared with four authentic strains of recognized Microcyclus spp. on the basis of 88 selected tests. They proved to be typical members of the species Microcyclus aquaticus (Orskov), considerably differing at the same time from Microcyclus major, with the exception of a single, presumably extreme variant. PMID- 3227798 TI - Cell-mediated immune response of goats to leptospirosis. AB - Cell-mediated immunity to Leptospira pomona was measured in goats by the leukocyte-migration inhibition test (LMIT) and microassay for stimulation of protein synthesis (SPS) with 3H-leucine. L. pomona soluble antigen was used in both tests. The migration indices in the group of goats infected with L. pomona were significantly lower (less than .001) as compared to control. The migration zones of the unstimulated peripheral blood leukocytes in the infected group were significantly smaller (less than .001) than those of the control. The SPS test was strongly positive in test animals and was negative in control. PMID- 3227799 TI - Subdivision of common Salmonella serotypes: phage typing of S. virchow, S. manhattan, S. thompson, S. oranienburg and S. bareilly. AB - The phage typing system elaborated for Salmonella infantis proved suitable to subclassify 633 S. virchow, 206 S. manhattan, 103 S. thompson, 30 s. oranienburg and 58 S. barielly strains. The S. virchow strains belonged to phage type 213 in 79.6%, each of six phage types occurred more frequently than 1%, and 15 phage types less frequently than 1%. The S. manhattan strains belonged to three phage types (687, 247, 547) in 91.2% and nine other types were found. The most common phage types among the S. thompson strains were 243 and 247 (52.4 and 18.4%) and eleven other types were encountered. All S. oranienburg strains derived from an outbreak and belonged uniformly to phage type 111. S. barielly strains isolated from an other outbreak fell into phage type 683. PMID- 3227800 TI - Intrathecal interferon in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Three patients at Stage II of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were treated with semipurified alpha-interferon (IFN) using different combinations of intrathecal and intravenous routes: 1 x 10(6) IU of alpha-IFN were given every other day up to a total of 15 x 10(6) IU. Transient improvement of neurological symptoms and electroencephalogram were noted in all 3, while cognitive function slightly improved in 2 of them. Clinical benefits gradually disappeared 2 to 6 months after cessation of IFN. Intrathecal antibody production did not change substantially, but CSF Leu 3a/Leu 2a ratio appeared to increase. No significant side effects were observed, except for a mild meningeal inflammatory reaction after each intrathecal administration of IFN. PMID- 3227801 TI - Syndrome of deltoid and/or gluteal fibrotic contracture: an injection myopathy. AB - One hundred and fifteen cases of injection myopathy with deltoid and/or gluteal fibrotic contracture were studied, almost all of whom had definite histories of repeated intra-gluteal or intra-deltoid injections. One third had siblings affected by the same fibro-muscular disorders manifested by focal muscle atrophy and limitation of adduction and flexion of the shoulder or hip. Electromyography disclosed myopathic changes of the fibrotic muscles. Muscle biopsy showed marked perimysial and endomysial fibrosis with non-specific degeneration, regenerative changes and, in some cases, partial denervation signs. Under the electron microscope, endomysial and perimysial collagen fibrils lost their normal unimodal diameter distribution and showed a rather broad spectral distribution of diameters suggesting a defective control of collagen formation in this disease entity. Repeated injection injuries and myotoxicity resulting in multifocal myositis are the first trigger of this fibrotic syndrome, and abnormal control of collagen formation could be another important pathogenic factor. PMID- 3227802 TI - Absence of antibodies to HTLV-1 in sera from Hungarian MS patients. AB - The aim of this study is to examine the association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and anti-human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody. Serum samples from 16 Hungarian caucasians with MS, 2 gipsy patients with MS, 13 Hungarian caucasians with other neurological diseases (OND) and 2 gipsy patients with OND were tested by Western blot combined with autoradiography using disrupted virus from MT-2 cell line and recombinant p24 as antigens. Negative results were obtained in all samples except for 3 Hungarian OND which were reactive to disrupted virus, but not to recombinant p24. PMID- 3227803 TI - CNS-borreliosis selectively affecting central motor neurons. AB - A patient is described having Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetal infection clinically affecting central motor neurons selectively and without any sensory impairment. Diagnosis was based on elevated B. burgdorferi IgG antibody titers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and titer normalization at clinical recovery. This occurred promptly and was complete after penicillin treatment despite 14 months of progressive central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, favouring the hypothesis of the presence of the organism within the CNS. CSF findings characteristic of neuroborreliosis were registered, including parallel occurrence of mononuclear pleocytosis, severe blood-brain barrier damage and marked CSF IgM index elevation of prolonged duration. Some earlier reports of CNS manifestations related to B. burgdorferi are reviewed. PMID- 3227805 TI - Bilateral facial paralysis secondary to trichinosis. AB - Myocarditis and neurological disorders are the most serious complication of human infestation by Trichinella spiralis. On occasion, the unawareness of clinical manifestations, the form of presentation and the association of uncustomary neurological symptoms impedes the diagnosis of trichinosis. We report a case of trichinosis with peripheral facial diplegia, meningeal disorder and EKG alteration, with no prior intestinal symptomology. Treatment with thiabendazole and steroids resulted in a very favorable clinical evolution. PMID- 3227804 TI - Cognitive evoked potential (P300): a metric for cerebral concussion. AB - Cognitive impairment has been reported to occur in minor head injury (concussion). The value of the P300 evoked potential as a measure of cerebral concussion was studied in 20 patients with minor head injury and compared with the data from 20 normal subjects. Significant abnormalities of the P300 latency and amplitude were noted in these patients in the post-concussion period. The abnormalities improved completely on repeat testing. The correlation of the P300 to other parameters of head injury is discussed. The P300 constitutes a simple laboratory test that is sensitive measure of cerebral dysfunction in concussive head injuries. PMID- 3227806 TI - Selective concentration of anti-Purkinje cell antibody in the CSF of two patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. AB - An anti-Purkinje cell antibody (APCA) was found in serum and CSF of 2 patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PDC) and breast carcinoma. Integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was normal in one patient and slightly damaged in the other. In both patients CSF IgG index was normal, but CSF/serum APCA ratio and CSF IgG APCA index were elevated suggesting that a selective concentration of the APCA in CSF occurs in patients with PCD. This feature supports the hypothesis that APCA may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCD. PMID- 3227807 TI - Plasma exchange in myasthenia gravis: changes in serum complement and immunoglobulins. AB - Serum concentrations of C4, IgG, IgA, and IgM were followed in 8 selected patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) during a 5-day course of plasma exchange (PE), using donor plasma as a replacement solution. C3 activation products (C3b, iC3b and C3c) and the terminal SC5b-9 complement complex were measured in 4 of the patients. All patients improved during the treatment, including 2 patients without detectable antibodies to AChR in serum. The main findings of the study were marked complement activation and an approximately 50% fall in the serum concentrations of IgM and C4 during PE, independent of the concentrations in the donor plasma. The concentrations of IgG and IgA did not change significantly. The fall in C4 during PE is presumably caused by C4 consumption. We postulate that the fall in IgM is an effect of a complement-induced vasodilatation and that PE induced complement consumption may influence the effect of PE in patients with MG. PMID- 3227808 TI - Significance of cerebral CT in neurological practice. AB - The significance of cerebral CT in neurological diagnostic practice was analysed in this prospective study on 1191 consecutive patients investigated during a one year period. CT abnormalities were detected in 601 cases (51%), local hemispheral lesions (22%) generalized atrophy (19%) and infratentorial lesions (5%) being the most common findings. In the cases which had presented at referral to CT with clinical indices suggesting cerebral pathology the CT was abnormal in 71% (379 of 537) while the percentage was 34 (222 of 654) in the cases in which CT was performed for exclusion criteria. The clinical diagnostic reviewed by CT accuracy was 88% in cerebral tumours, 69% in cerebral infarction and from 83% to 94% in various intracranial hemorrhages but only 51% in cerebral atrophy which was the most common CT finding without clinical correlates. Apart from atrophy, CT revealed other pathology than clinically suggested in 147 cases (e.g. cerebral infarct in 58, hemorrhage in 16, tumour in 8 and diverse abnormalities in 54 cases). Contrast medium enhancement (used in 45% of the scans) provided more information when compared with the plain scan in 16% (86 of 537), no more than 3 lesions (0.6% of the enhanced scans; 2 meningeomas and one vascular malformation) being visible with enhancement only. PMID- 3227809 TI - Parkinsonism induced by pyridostigmine. PMID- 3227810 TI - Congenital lead encephalopathy in monkeys. AB - Thirty-one squirrel monkey fetuses were exposed to lead acetate given to the mothers perorally during the last three-fourths or two-thirds of pregnancy. The mean maternal blood lead concentration of the group was 37 micrograms/100 ml and the individual means ranged from 22-82 micrograms/100 ml. Examination of the central nervous system was performed in 15 of the offspring (one abortion, eight stillborns, three neonatal deaths, two killed fetuses and one killed newborn). The mean cerebral weight was reduced for the fetal age (about 10%). Three cerebra were paradoxically overweight for the fetal age as well as for the body weight, probably due to edema. Neurohistology revealed large numbers of characteristic perivascular, petechial hemorrhages in the white matter in six of the fifteen cerebra. In two of these cases, such hemorrhages were also found in the white matter of the cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. Examination of four recovered placentas (two after delivery and two at hysterotomies) indicated a lead dose-dependent weight reduction and revealed various pathological lesions. The extensive brain hemorrhages, as well as varying degrees of edema, were seen in stillborns and neonates, while prenatally sacrificed fetuses showed few or no petechial hemorrhages and no signs of edema. It is suggested that lead is involved in the parenchymal growth retardation and the endothelial changes in the prenatal brain, as well as the placental damage, and that prematurity, birth associated mechanical stress and asphyxia contribute to or precipitate vascular lesions, which may form the basis of acute, or later apparent, neurobehavioral disturbances. PMID- 3227811 TI - Localization of 70-kDa stress protein induction in gerbil brain after ischemia. AB - Induction of the 70-kDa heat shock protein, hsp70, has been demonstrated in brain following experimental stroke. In the present study, hsp70 was localized in gerbil brain at intervals after transient ischemia using a monoclonal antibody specific for stress-inducible forms of hsp70-related proteins. Induced immunoreactivity was found only in neurons, primarily in hippocampus, striatum, entorhinal cortex and some neocortical regions. Notably hsp70 accumulation was minimal in hippocampal CA1 neurons which die after brief ischemic episodes, but was most pronounced in dentate granule cells and CA3 neurons which are spared. The peak of CA3 immunoreactivity occurred at 48-h recirculation, at the onset of CA1 neuron loss at 2-4 days, demonstrating that hsp70 induction is also a component of this delayed hippocampal pathophysiology rather than a direct response to the metabolic disruption of the initial ischemic episode. These results suggest that hsp70 immunocytochemistry may serve as a marker for neuronal circuitry involved in proposed excitotoxic mechanisms after ischemia and other stresses. Control animals showed immunoreactivity in ependymal cells lining the ventricles, indicating a role for hsp70 in normal functioning of these specialized cells. PMID- 3227813 TI - High molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins bind to actin lattices (Hirano bodies). AB - Hirano bodies are filamentous, paracrystalline inclusions that are found in dendrites and cell bodies of neurons in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Actin appears to be a major component of these structures. We present evidence that tropomyosin and high molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are also components of Hirano bodies. Although an association between actin and MAPs has been noted in vitro, interactions in vivo have not heretofore been demonstrated. Since microtubules are not present in Hirano bodies, and anti-tubulin and anti-neurofilament antibodies do not bind to Hirano bodies, the association between MAPs and these inclusions is likely a result of interactions between MAPs and actin, and not MAPs and microtubules or neurofilaments. PMID- 3227812 TI - Blood flow and metabolism in heterotopic cerebellar grafts during hypoglycemia. AB - Hypoglycemia-induced disturbances of brain metabolism and neuronal injury exhibit a distinct predilection for forebrain structures, in particular the caudate putamen, hippocampus and cerebral cortex, whereas the cerebellum is remarkably resistant. In an attempt to assess the biological basis of this differential regional vulnerability, we have used a neural transplantation technique to compare hemodynamic and metabolic changes in cerebellum during severe hypoglycemia with those in heterotopic cerebellar grafts. To this end, the cerebellar anlage of fetal rat brain (day 15 of gestation) was stereotactically transplanted into the vulnerable caudate-putamen. Following a differentiation period of 8 weeks the grafts had developed into an organotypic population of mature cells with laminar histoarchitecture. Host animals were then subjected to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. After 15 min of isoelectric EEG, blood flow was increased throughout the brain but residual glucose consumption was significantly higher in cerebellum (0.29 mumol/g per min) and cerebellar grafts (0.22 mumol/g per min) as a result of increased glucose extraction. Hypoglycemia caused a depletion of ATP in all brain structures except cerebellum where normal levels were maintained. Correlation of local ATP content and glucose utilization revealed a threshold-like decline of ATP at a glucose utilization rate of 0.27 mumol/g per min. ATP, in consequence, was normal in cerebellum but partially depleted in cerebellar grafts. It is concluded that the resistance of cerebellum to hypoglycemia is due to its capacity for higher glucose extraction at low blood glucose levels, and that this unique intrinsic property is preserved after heterotopic transplantation. PMID- 3227815 TI - Exogenous interleukin regulates growth of C6 tumors in vivo. AB - Elvax pellets containing interleukin 1 (IL-1) or 2 (IL-2) were assessed for their ability to alter the growth of transplanted C6 cells in rat. C6 cells were injected into the left caudate of Sprague Dawley rats. At the time of tumor cell injection, or 9 days later, Elvax pellets containing either 50 or 200 units of interleukin were inserted into the dorsal aspect of the caudate. Animals were killed 16 days later and the volume of tumors determined. Results showed that introduction of low-dose IL-2 pellets at time of C6 cell injection virtually prevented establishment of tumors, whereas low-dose IL-1 pellet insertion resulted in nearly a threefold increase in tumor size relative to control preparations. Insertion of high-dose IL-2 pellets 9 days after C6 cell injection decreased tumor growth relative to controls by nearly twofold, low-dose pellets having no effect. These effects appear to be mediated by alterations in host brains, vs interleukin-moderating effects on growth of C6 cells themselves, since (a) no effect of IL-2 on C6 cell growth in vitro could be demonstrated and IL-1 appeared to enhance their proliferation in culture, and (b) IL-1 pellets diminished and IL-2 pellets enhanced infiltration of inflammatory cells into brain when implanted into brain after a "stab" wound. PMID- 3227814 TI - Morphological and immunohistochemical studies of the central nervous system involvement in papovavirus K infection in mice. AB - The murine papovavirus K causes fatal pneumonia in infant mice, but an asymptomatic infection in older mice. In order to establish whether the virus affects the central nervous system in the course of systemic infection, we carried out morphological and immunohistochemical studies on the experimentally infected mice. BALB/c mice, less than 4 days of age, were inoculated with K virus either intraperitoneally or intracerebrally. When the animals were moribund, usually 10 days or so, after inoculation, their brains were removed and examined. Acutely infected mice showed only minor changes: intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions in very rare capillary endothelial cells of the brain. However, immunoperoxidase studies, using specific antibody to K virus, revealed that a number of brain cells had positive nuclear staining. These nuclei were distributed throughout the brain, without an apparent site of predilection. Double-immunostaining showed that virtually all cells whose nuclei were positive for viral antigen were endothelial, because their cytoplasm was positive for factor-VIII or vimentin. There were no nuclei positive for viral antigen in astrocytes, as determined by positive staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein or glutamine synthetase. By electron microscopy, clusters of K virus particles were found only in the nuclei of brain capillary endothelial cells. Although these endothelial cells showed degeneration of varying degree, their basement membranes remained relatively intact and there was no disorganization in the endfeet of contiguous astrocytes. Neurons and glial cells had normal ultrastructures. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that there is involvement of central nervous system during systemic K virus infection and that the infection involves predominantly brain capillary endothelial cells. PMID- 3227817 TI - Olfactory bulb involvement in Pick's disease. AB - The olfactory bulbs and stalks were examined in a case of Pick's disease that showed numerous and widespread Pick bodies in the brain. Typical argyrophilic inclusions (Pick bodies) were found not only in many cells of the anterior olfactory nucleus by also in some mitral cells and tufted cells. In addition, neuronal loss and astrocytosis were evident. No neurofibrillary change or senile plaque were detected anywhere in these structures. Electron microscopy disclosed that there was no ultrastructural difference between Pick bodies in the olfactory bulb and those in the cerebral cortex or hippocampus. These data indicate that in Pick's disease mitral cells and tufted cells, as well as anterior olfactory nucleus cells, are affected by degeneration specific to Pick's disease. PMID- 3227816 TI - Periventricular pathology in hydrocephalic rabbits before and after shunting. AB - Hydrocephalus was induced in adult rabbits by injection of silicone oil into the cisterna magna. The frontal horns of the lateral ventricles enlarged to the greatest degree and reached maximum size within 3 days. Cilia and microvilli were progressively lost from the ependymal surface primarily over the corpus callosum. Stretching and flattening of ependymal cells was most pronounced over the septal area. Mitotic activity was significantly increased among the ependymal cells and subependymal astrocytes over the caudate nucleus and corpus callosum during the 2 weeks immediately following induction of hydrocephalus. Cerebrospinal fluid shunting returned the ventricles to normal size. Following shunting, however, the periventricular tissue did not resume a normal appearance. Longer durations of hydrocephalus were associated with less recovery of the periventricular tissue following shunting. PMID- 3227819 TI - Acute profound deafness. PMID- 3227818 TI - Juvenile Parkinson's disease with widespread Lewy bodies in the brain. AB - A clinico-pathological case report on a case of juvenile Parkinson's disease (JPD) with widespread Lewy bodies (LBs) in the brain is presented with comparative morphological studies on two demented cases of "classical" Parkinson's disease (CPD) with disease onset at an older age. The clinical and histological pictures of this JPD case were typical of Parkinson's disease, excepting numerous Lewy bodies in the cerebrum. There were no neurofibrillary change nor senile plaques throughout the CNS. The distribution and histochemical and ultrastructural characters of the histological lesions (i.e., LBs) in the JPD and the two CPD cases were investigated and compared. The comparison showed no qualitative but only quantitative differences between the two types of Parkinson's disease. The present study also revealed that in CPD cases significant numbers of LBs could be present in the cerebral cortex, amygdaloid and claustrum. These lesions can be in part responsible for dementia in CPD. PMID- 3227820 TI - Partial labyrinthectomy with argon laser. AB - Ablation of the saccule and the utricle using an argon laser was carried out in monkeys. After stapedectomy, the saccular macula and the utricular macula were irradiated through the oval window. Animals were sacrificed on 0 days, 10 days, 14 days, and 10 weeks after irradiation. The sensory cells of the saccular macula were detached from the supporting cells at the impact point. The otolith, the saccular wall, and the connective tissue of the saccular macula just beneath the supporting cells were intact. Two weeks after irradiation, sensory cells had disappeared, and the number of nerve fibers was reduced. Ten weeks after the irradiation (1.0 w x 0.5 s x 3 spots), two-thirds of the saccular macula had degenerated, and its surface was covered by a cuboidal cell layer. The number of nerve fibers was reduced. The ganglion cells of the inferior vestibular nerve had degenerated and the cells were smaller than the superior vestibular nerve. Two weeks after irradiation of the utricle, not only sensory cells and supporting cells but also the basement membrane of the utricular macula, connective tissue, and nerve fibers had degenerated and disappeared. Degeneration was extremely localized. PMID- 3227821 TI - Effects of vanadate on EP and its distribution in guinea pig cochlea. AB - Effects of sigma-sodium vanadate on endocochlear d.c. potential (EP) and cochlear microphonic potential (CM) were examined and its distribution was observed by an X-ray microanalyzer in the guinea pig cochlea. The perilymphatic space was perfused with 1, 5, and 10 mM solutions of sodium vanadate, using a Harvard Microperfusion pump. By perfusing the scala vestibuli, EP and CM showed a rapid decrease. On the other hand, by perfusing the scala tympani, EP showed an overshoot at first, then a gradual decrease, while CM showed only a gradual decrease. The rates of decrease of EP and CM were dependent upon perfusion time and vanadate concentration. After the electrophysiological examinations, the specimen of the cochlea was observed by X-ray microanalyzer. An accumulation of vanadium was confirmed, especially in the stria vascularis and the hair cells. From the results obtained, the possibility of the responsibility of vanadate for a hypothetical sudden deafness originating in the stria vascularis was discussed. PMID- 3227822 TI - Sudden deafness: an investigation of hearing loss. AB - The expression 'profound hearing loss' used in the diagnostic criteria for sudden deafness should be changed to 'moderate to profound hearing loss'. In clinical diagnosis, a 30-dB hearing loss at 1 kHz can be used as a tentative criterion for sudden deafness. PMID- 3227823 TI - Antagonistic action of reductants against vanadate-induced EP decrease. AB - The antagonistic action of ascorbic acid or glutathione against vanadate was studied by observing changes in EP in guinea pig cochlea. After intravenous injection of ascorbic acid or glutathione, the EP decrease induced by perfusion of the perilymphatic space with vanadate solution was suppressed and the EP showed a remarkable recovery in some animals. Intravenous preadministration of either of the two compounds inhibited or prevented the vanadate-induced EP decrease. When ascorbic acid or glutathione was added to the vanadate solution, the EP decrease was also inhibited. The chemical action of both reductants against vanadate is discussed. From the results obtained, it is speculated that a chemical balance between some oxidants and reductants in the stria vascularis, must be kept constant in order to maintain the EP at a constant potential level. PMID- 3227824 TI - Tissue oxygen tension in the stria vascularis. AB - Tissue oxygen tension in the stria vascularis was successfully measured in cats using the polarographic technique. A correlation study using the differential coefficient between oxygen tension in the stria vascularis and systemic blood pressure proved that vascular autoregulation is present in the mean systemic blood pressure range between 40 and 80 mmHg. The anatomical findings and the response patterns to different gas inhalations indicated that the type of vascular regulation present is more closely related to chemical control than to auto-regulation. PMID- 3227825 TI - Clinical study of sudden deafness with special reference to onset. AB - In a comparative study, patients with sudden deafness were classified into four groups according to type of onset. The results showed that those who noticed deafness occurring when awakening had a better prognosis than others, particularly those who found themselves already suffering from deafness on awakening. These findings suggest that among patients who have deafness on awaking, the disorder may not be sudden deafness in sensu strictu. PMID- 3227826 TI - Therapy of sudden deafness. AB - A vicious circle in the mechanism of sudden deafness is proposed. In order to block this cycle, various drug therapeutics, particularly OHP treatment, are recommended. A beneficial effect can be obtained by starting treatment within 10 days after the onset of sudden deafness. In studies undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of sudden deafness, the fact that relapse is rarely observed may be of importance. PMID- 3227827 TI - Evaluation of hearing recovery and efficacy of steroid treatment in sudden deafness. AB - In cases of sudden deafness (SD), hearing recovery is generally assessed by classifying recovery into four degrees. To evaluate factors that may affect the prognosis for hearing recovery (e.g., hearing level at initial examination, days elapsed from onset of hearing loss to start of treatment) or drug efficacy, however, a quantitative method would be more advantageous. In the present study, therefore, the recovery rate was used as an index in investigating the prognosis and the efficacy of steroid treatments in 183 patients with SD first examined within 14 days after the onset of hearing loss during the period 1980-85. As with the degree of hearing recovery, the recovery rate was found to be favorable in those patients with good hearing at the initial examination, no vertigo, little difference in high-tone and low-tone hearing loss, and only a short lag between onset of symptoms and the initiation of treatment. This indicated that the recovery rate could be used as an index for the evaluation of hearing recovery in cases of sudden deafness. The efficacy of steroid treatment was evaluated in patients in whom the average of the hearing levels at five frequencies from 250 to 4,000 Hz was 40-90 dB. No significant differences were found in either recovery rate or degree of recovery between those patients who received steroids and those who did not. This was believed to be attributable to the variety of pathological conditions involved in SD and to the influence of the other, non steroidal drugs administered. PMID- 3227828 TI - Studies on amidotrizoate therapy in sudden deafness (1978-1987). AB - The therapeutic effects of amidotrizoate in 47 sudden deafness patients from 1978 to 1987 were studied. The therapeutic results were investigated in terms of each of four variables: time from onset, degree of hearing loss, type of audiogram, and vertigo. Results showed that patients who had no vertigo, and were treated within 1 week of onset had satisfactory results. The degree of hearing loss did not influence recovery, although, all those with total loss type according to audiogram remained unchanged. Twenty-four of 34 cases (71%) treated within 2 weeks showed either complete or marked recovery; this proportion was not much different from the results in our previous investigations. PMID- 3227829 TI - Rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss (rapid deafness). AB - 28 ears of 28 patients, aged 15 to 60 years, whose sensorineural hearing loss had developed over a period of a few hours to 3 days, were defined as having rapidly progressing sensorineural hearing loss (rapid deafness), in comparison with so called sudden deafness with instantaneous onset. For other criteria, their hearing loss was idiopathic and the rate of hearing loss was confirmed by reliable means. The rate was greatest within the first 1-3 days. Of the 28 patients, 12 (43%) recovered completely, while another 12 improved markedly. The prognosis in rapid deafness was relatively good, but the recovery time was longer than in spontaneously healing sudden deafness. Sensorineural hearing loss in contralateral ears more often preceded rapid deafness (9 cases, 32%). No clear cut difference could be found between rapid deafness and sudden deafness. PMID- 3227830 TI - Immunological study on association between mumps and infantile unilateral deafness. AB - The incidence of unilateral deafness in primary school children has been reported to be about 0.1%, but the cause of most of these cases has not been clarified, because parents and children themselves cannot recognize the onset of hearing loss occurring in one ear alone. This study was performed to clarify the possibility that mumps causes infantile unilateral deafness. The results were: 1) on dividing a total of 78 cases of infantile unilateral deafness according to age from 3 to 6 years, mumps infection rate in the 4-year-old group was nearly twice that in a randomly selected group; 2) on checking the neutralizing or ELISA IgG test of 31 cases with no history of mumps only, the 4-year-old group demonstrated a positive reaction to mumps more than the randomly selected group did. The above results suggested that unilateral deafness may be caused by asymptomatic mumps infection. To confirm this, we studied 5 infantile cases of sudden hearing loss by means of ELISA IgM antibody test and found a bilateral sudden deafness in children aged 1.9 years, caused by asymptomatic mumps infection. PMID- 3227831 TI - Audiological characteristics of hearing loss following meningitis. AB - Meningitis is one of the leading causes of acquired sensorineural hearing loss in childhood, and many retrospective and prospective studies and case reports have been published. However, they have seldom discussed the nature of postmeningitic hearing loss from the audiological point of view. This study reports the results of audiological examinations performed on 5 patients suffering from hearing loss following meningitis. Extremely poor word discrimination scores as compared with pure-tone audiograms were common in all 5 cases. Type IV Bekesy tracings were observed in 2 cases. Discrepancies between pure-tone audiograms and subjective hearing sensation and between pure-tone audiograms and ABR recordings were noted in 2 cases. These results suggest that varying degrees of retrocochlear involvement complicating the inner ear damage are the audiological characteristics of hearing loss following meningitis. PMID- 3227832 TI - Audiological aspects of idiopathic perilymphatic fistula. AB - Audiological findings in 40 patients with surgically confirmed idiopathic perilymphatic fistula were investigated. Most patients complained of roaring tinnitus, hearing impairment, ear fullness, and hyperacusis. However, a popping sound and a streaming water-like sound were noticed only in 8. Pure-tone sensitivity included every kind of hearing impairment, from sudden profound, to normal sensitivity. Development of hearing impairment was sudden, and deteriorated further, fluctuating in order of frequency. In the early stage of perilymphatic fistula patients had low-frequency hearing impairment and evidenced dominant-negative SP in the electrocochleogram. These findings suggest that a fistula of the inner ear window is not solely responsible for the wide variety of signs and symptoms, and that there must be simultaneous lesions in the membranous labyrinth. PMID- 3227833 TI - Diagnostic criteria for sudden deafness, mumps deafness and perilymphatic fistula. PMID- 3227835 TI - Experimental study on autograft material for repair of round window rupture. AB - The healing process following experimentally produced rupture of the round window (RW) and subsequent closure with autograft materials were investigated in guinea pigs. The covering materials studied were fascia and perichondrium, both of which were placed over the RW after extensive rupturing of the RW membrane. The grafts were observed 1, 2, and 3 months after the operation. No substantial difference in the results for the two materials could be discerned. They adhered to the surrounding bone and were incorporated into the RW membrane within 3 months. PMID- 3227834 TI - Development of pressure monitoring and controlling system for quantitative analysis of experimentally induced perilymph fistula. AB - The cause of perilymph fistula, a subgroup of sudden deafness, has not been clearly understood. To study its etiology quantitatively, the inner ear pressure monitoring system with a computer controlled pressurizing device and three types of low-pressure monitoring sensors was constructed and utilized in ex vivo experiments using white guinea pigs. Hypothesizing that cerebrospinal pressure increases cause rupture of the round window membrane, direct and indirect pressurization to cerebrospinal region and simultaneous measurement of inner ear and cerebrospinal pressures were carried out. Ruptures of the round window membranes were seen in the experiments with direct saline infusion into the cochlea when the increment of inner ear pressure exceeded 500 mmH2O. There was no sign of rupture when squeezing abdomen was employed as an indirect pressurization, although cerebrospinal pressure increased. PMID- 3227836 TI - Sudden deafness and asymptomatic mumps. AB - Adult patients who had experienced sudden deafness were examined for possible presence of subclinical mumps infection, using a new method of detecting mumps IgM antibody. Three of 53 patients demonstrated a positive reaction, indicating a strong correlation of sudden deafness with recent mumps infection. Mumps vaccination is recommended for those who have one deaf ear, in order to protect the better ear from mumps infection. PMID- 3227837 TI - An electrophysiological study on the effect of laser irradiation of round window membrane in the guinea pig. AB - An argon laser beam was used to irradiate the round window in 17 guinea pigs. Each animal was examined electrophysiologically with an electrode placed on the round window (RW) membrane 3 or 30 days after the irradiation, after which the cochlea was examined morphologically. The RW membrane was found intact in 16 out of 17 animals. All potentials (SP, CM, CAP) were abolished in 8 of the 17 animals. Histologically, perforations of the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane were observed in 7 of 8 cases. In 4 of the 17 cases, a small effect of irradiation was evident both physiologically and histologically. Significant elevation of thresholds was observed in the remaining 5 animals, where amplitudes of CM, +SP, and CAP decreased at all intensities. Varying degrees of membranous labyrinth destruction can be used without perforating the RW membrane by the present method. PMID- 3227838 TI - Experimental mumps virus-induced labyrinthitis. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. AB - Guinea pigs were inoculated with mumps virus (Torii strain) by the intralabyrinthine or intravascular route and their cochleas were examined by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. In these animals, viral antigen was detected in the cochleas, most often in the stria vascularis. However, viral infection was produced only in those with intralabyrinthine inoculation. The cochlear lesion commonly observed in this study was severe degeneration of the organ of Corti, which was usually found in the basal turn. Morphological evidence of viral infection, as depicted by intracellular strands of nucleocapsids and budding of the virus at the endolymphatic surface, was prominent in both the stria vascularis and Reissner's membrane. The cochlear location of mumps infection correlated closely with that of the viral antigen formerly reported in newborn hamsters. PMID- 3227840 TI - The Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation. PMID- 3227839 TI - Infant care: a good start for mental health. Proceedings of a symposium. Finland, September 7-8, 1987. PMID- 3227841 TI - Mother-infant relationship in the first year of life. AB - The development of interactive patterns in the first year of life has been studied in healthy mother--baby pairs and in infants whose mothers have psychiatric or psycho-social problems which interfere with their contact with the child. During the first 2-3 months a relationship develops in healthy mother- baby pairs characterized by an intimate interchange of signals and responses between mother and infant. The baby's inborn capacity of imitation and regulation of visual/auditive stimulation gradually is patterned and supported by the mother's empathetic response. 2-3 months old the baby has developed a basic pattern of social relating. This development is not seen if the mother cannot adapt to and support the baby's signals. In cases with simple social privation the baby seems not to "know" how to use social contact. In cases with active failure in the mother's response a pattern of emotional withdrawal develops where the baby avoids eye contact, does not engage in vocal dialogue and is easily upset when offered social contact. During the next months motor development enables the baby to reach out for things in the outer world: rattles, mother's face, own feet etc. A beginning sense of self and not-self develops. The baby expects the mother to guess and fulfil it's wishes and still the mother adapts to and supports the baby's expanding capacities and needs. In contrast the baby with a non-adapting mother may, or may not show a normal interest in reaching out for inanimate things. But the social withdrawal hinders the infant in reaching out for the mother's face and body. A limited interest in handling, mouthing and examining objects is often seen, lending the baby's activities an avital and stereotype quality. The baby does not expect the mother to guess and fulfil it's wishes. It's experience with self and not-self is narrowed and deprived of the rich and varied social interaction of the healthy mother--baby pairs. At 10-12 months the infants are able to move around trying to handle and examine everything within their range. At this age healthy infants are able to sense that there exist other wills and minds than their own. The mother can encourage or stop the child by verbal and body signals. The child may compromise or protest and you will sense it's personality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227842 TI - Infant care: a good start for mental health. PMID- 3227843 TI - Psychic vulnerability as a sequel to perinatal morbidity. A longitudinal twin study with special reference to psychiatric morbidity and inter-twin dependency. AB - In this follow-up study 497 twins from 335 twin deliveries were examined between the ages of 12-20 years to ascertain late effects of perinatal complications and mild neurological abnormalities on mental health, by means of questionnaires filled in by the parents and by the twins themselves. One third of the twins had not suffered from any perinatal complications, while one third had been small for gestational age, one third had been born prematurely and one third had suffered from respiratory disorders. Neonatal hypoglycaemia had been found in 22% and hyperbilirubinaemia in 7% of the twins. Perinatal complications had occurred in almost all those twins who later underwent inpatient psychiatric treatment. Most perinatal problems were reflected in the twin's dependency on his co-twin, showing in particular a cumulative effect when occurring simultaneously. Those twins who are currently more dependent learned to walk and speak later than the non-dependent ones, and their EEG background activity of ten years ago, at the age of 2-10 years, was more abnormal than that of the non-dependent ones, indicating brain organic, i.e. probably perceptual, factors enhancing the development of inter-twin dependency. The dependent twins were more submissive and had the most frequent feelings of inferiority. The neurological, psychological and family interactional factors that cause a twin to distrust himself and depend on his co-twin are also discussed in this study. PMID- 3227844 TI - Child health in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 3227845 TI - Growth and nutritional status of rural preschool children in Saudi Arabia. AB - The attained growth was assessed in a cross-sectional study of Saudi children 0 71 months of age, from 3 different geographical areas of rural Saudi Arabia. Individual data on weight, height, weight for height and head circumference were expressed in SD scores of international standards, and data on upper arm muscle and fat areas in percent of the reference median values. The mean (SEM) weight, height, weight for height and head circumference of the entire material were -1.7 (0.05), -1.6 (0.06), -0.9 (0.05) and -1.6 (0.06), respectively. The median upper arm muscle area was 79 percent, and fat area 57 percent of the reference medians. The differences in mean weight, height and weight for height were trivial between the 3 geographical areas. All mean values, except that of weight for height were clearly below the means of the reference in children 0-5 months. All mean values declined significantly, however, during the next 6 months. The growth deficits thus obtained remained unchanged or increased slightly up to 6 years. According to WHO criteria, 41 percent were classified as chronically, and 12 percent as acutely undernourished. The growth pattern of rural Saudi children was similar to that of children in most developing countries and distinctly different from that of privileged Saudi children, whose growth pattern resembled that of Western reference populations. PMID- 3227846 TI - Patterns of breastfeeding and weaning in Saudi Arabia. AB - The patterns of breastfeeding and weaning were studied in 4 groups of Saudi children: Privileged urban children; children representing the average urban population; less privileged urban children, and rural children from 3 different areas. The data represented retrospective and actual information and were analyzed according to the life table technique. The median duration of breastfeeding of rural, urban low, urban average and urban privileged children was 17.8 months, 10.8 months, 7.5 months and 2.1 months, respectively. In all groups the rate of breastfeeding was lower in young compared with old mothers. Thus the median duration of breastfeeding was 11.7 months for rural mothers less than 23 years and 23.6 months for mothers greater than 31 years. Corresponding figures for urban low mothers were 3.4 months and 11.4 months, respectively. By one month 52 percent of privileged and 42 percent of urban low children were started on bottle. By contrast, 26 percent of rural children were started on bottle at 6 months. At 6 months, 6 percent of rural children were started on any kind of solid foods compared with 90 percent of privileged children; at 12 months the figures were 33 and 96 percent, respectively. The data indicated a successive decline in the duration of breastfeeding with increasing affluence, and late introduction of weaning foods to rural children. PMID- 3227847 TI - The ecological context of child health in Saudi Arabia. AB - The general background to child health in Saudi Arabia is reviewed. Information is provided on the social and demographic characteristics of the population, on common health indicators, on the health care system and its utilization, and on the general pattern of childhood morbidity and mortality. The unprecendented socioeconomic development has transformed the health care system. In 15 years the number of nurses have increased from 3261 to 29896, physicians from 1172 to 14335, primary health care centers from 591 to 1821, and hospital beds from 9036 to 30707. In spite of this progress, the disease pattern seems to resemble that of some developing countries with more limited resources. Parasitic diseases are still widespread, and sample surveys have indicated suboptimal nutrition of rural preschool children. Recent estimates on the infant mortality rate have ranged from 65 to 120 per 1000 live births. The preferred marriage partner is a close relative, and genetic diseases, such as hemoglobin disorders, are common in certain areas. Thus, the prevalence of alpha thalassemia is reported at 50 percent, and the sickle cell trait at 4.4-20 percent in sample surveys from the Eastern Province. The modest educational attainment of the mother, the heavy reliance on foreign manpower in all sectors, including the health sector, and the further development of the primary health care system are key issues today. It is emphasized that demographic and epidemiological information from Saudi Arabia is scarce and frequently uncertain, and that further studies are needed to identify the health needs of Saudi children. PMID- 3227848 TI - Characteristics of the obstetric population in a Saudi maternity hospital. AB - Mothers who delivered in a large Maternity hospital and who represented a large proportion of the obstetric population in Riyadh are described. The mothers were characterized by a high material standard of living, by adequate energy reserves at confinement, by a low rate of pregnancy complications and preterm birth, and by the absence of smoking and of hard physical work during pregnancy. The mothers were also, however, characterized by pregnancies occurring at the extremes of the reproductive age, by short birth intervals, by short maternal stature, by low educational attainment, by poor utilization of antenatal services and by a high rate of previous infant loss, that is by characteristics previously found to constitute riskfactors for adverse perinatal outcome. PMID- 3227849 TI - Size at birth of infants in a Saudi maternity hospital. AB - The size at birth was assessed of Saudi infants who were delivered in the main Maternity hospital in Riyadh and who represented a large proportion of infants born in the city. The mean (SD) weight, length and head circumference at birth of Saudi singletons were 3226 (534) g, 49.5 (2.0) cm and 34.5 (1.5) cm, respectively. Of all infants 5.9 percent were born preterm. The proportion of low birthweight infants was 7.9 percent, of which 44 percent were born at or past term. Teenage mothers had a low birthweight rate of 15.2 percent and primipara of 13.9 percent, however. Of all singletons 2.2 percent were small for gestational age and 3.7 percent of term infants had a Ponderal index less than 3rd percentile of the standard. During the final weeks of gestation the fetal growth rate was similar to that of Western populations. Compared with other developing countries the birth weight distribution was favorable and seemed to be influenced to a smaller extent than in these countries by socioeconomic and environmental factors. PMID- 3227850 TI - Perinatal mortality in a Saudi maternity hospital. AB - Perinatal mortality was analyzed in infants to mothers who delivered at the main Maternity hospital in Riyadh and who represented a large proportion of the obstetric population in the city. The crude perinatal mortality rate was 39.8 per 1000 births. The birth weight-specific mortality rates were compared with the corresponding Swedish rates. The ratio between the birth weight-specific mortality rates in Riyadh and Sweden increased from the lightest to the heaviest birth weight category. Thus the perinatal mortality rate was 2.3 times higher in infants less than 1500 g, and 8.8 times higher in infants with birth weights of 3500 g and more. Similarly, the ratio between the gestational age-specific mortality rates in Riyadh and Sweden increased with advancing gestational age. The perinatal mortality rate of infants less than 28 weeks was 1.6 times higher, and that of term infants 4.8 times higher than in Sweden. The findings indicated shortcomings in the obstetric services. The perinatal mortality rate of teenage mothers, who comprised 17 percent of the material, was 9.1 times the Swedish rate. Other risk groups were para 0 mothers and mothers with a previous infant loss. PMID- 3227852 TI - Attained growth of privileged Saudi children during the first three years of life. AB - The attained growth was assessed in privileged Saudi children 0-36 months of age. Birth weights were measured on all children but subsequent measurements were cross-sectional. The mean (SD) birth weight of boys, 3362 (445) g, and that of girls 3186 (490) g, did not differ significantly from the means of the NCHS reference. Individual data on weight, height, weight for height and head circumference of older children were standardized according to Western standards. When the material was stratified according to age groups, the differencies were trivial between the standardized means of attained weight, height and weight for height of Saudi children and those of the NCHS reference. Similarly, the standardized mean head circumference was nearly identical with that of the standard of Westrup and Barber. Except for weight for height, the differencies in the distribution of SD scores were trivial compared with the standards. The data indicated that Saudi children have the genetic potential to grow according to Western standards, and that poor growth found in other groups of Saudi children are likely to be caused by environmental rather than by ethnic factors. PMID- 3227851 TI - Causes of perinatal death at a Saudi maternity hospital. AB - The time, cause and avoidability of perinatal deaths were analyzed in infants who were delivered in the main Maternity hospital in Riyadh and who represented a large proportion of all births in the city. The crude perinatal mortality rate was 39.8 per 1000 births. Of all deaths 53 percent occurred either intrapartum or within 24 hours of birth. The mortality rate in this time period was 9 times higher, and the intrapartum mortality rate 16 times higher than the corresponding Swedish rates. The causes of death were classified according to Wigglesworth. Of all deaths, 37 percent were due to asphyxial conditions in labor, 32 percent to conditions associated with preterm birth, and 17 percent to malformations. The perinatal mortality rates caused by asphyxia, preterm birth and malformations were 14.7, 12.6 and 6.7 per 1000 births, respectively. 75 percent of infants who died from asphyxia were born at term, and nearly half of the preterm deaths were associated with severe asphyxia at birth. Avoidable factors were found in 74 percent of the deaths. The high rate of asphyxia indicated deficiences in the obstetric management and a high priority should be given to the strengthening of the obstetric service. PMID- 3227853 TI - Growth and nutritional status of less privileged urban children in Saudi Arabia. AB - The attained growth was assessed in a cross-sectional study of Saudi children 1 71 months of age, growing up in a less privileged area of Riyadh. Individual data on weight, height and weight for height were expressed in SD scores of the NCHS reference and those of triceps skinfold thickness in percent of the reference median. The mean (SD) weight, height and weight for height of the entire material were -0.9 (1.0), -0.8 (1.0), and -0.5 (0.9), respectively and the median triceps skinfold was 90 percent of the reference median. When stratified by age groups the means were nearly identical with those of the reference populations in the 1 5 month age group. The mean weight and height were significantly below the reference means at 6-11 months, however. There was a similar decline in the mean weight for height and the median triceps skinfold during the second year of life. The growth deficits of early life remained unchanged or increased slightly up to 6 years. According to WHO criteria, 14 percent of the children were classified as chronically and 3 percent as acutely undernourished. The faltering growth was different from that of privileged Saudi children whose growth pattern was found to resemble that of Western reference populations. PMID- 3227854 TI - Thyroxin induced moult in domestic hen. AB - Two identical experiments were carried out in domestic hens treated with a lower (0.2 mg/animal) or a higher (0.4 mg/animal) dose of thyroxin (T4), for 21 consecutive days. The low dose diminished egg production, but did not result in moulting while the higher dose stopped egg laying on the 16th day and caused the loss of contour feathers from the 14th day on. The new plumage was completely developed in this group on about the 42th day. The plasma progesterone concentration showed an increase in both thyroxin treated groups, but is was only continuous and significant in the fowls treated with 0.4 mg T4. In this group the peak value of progesterone was synchronous with the most intensive feather loss. In the other group the tendency for increased levels of progesterone was of shorter duration and not significant. Plasma oestrone levels were depressed by the treatment in both groups and increased significantly only in the moulted fowls after administration of T4 was stopped. This increase may be associated with feather growth and regeneration of the oviduct. Plasma 17-beta oestradiol and testosterone concentrations did not change in the T4 treated groups. Plasma corticosterone concentration increased continuously only in the moulting animals. The results suggest that on one hand thyroxin has a role in the endocrine regulation of moulting and, on the other, that a thyroxin-progesterone synergism is of significance in the process. PMID- 3227855 TI - Influence of pituitary hormones (hCG, TSH, Pr, GH) on testosterone level and on the functional activity of the Leydig cell in rat fetuses. AB - One day after the cessation of treatment the Leydig cells of the fetuses of pregnant rats, treated between the 11th and 15th or the 16th and 20th days of gestation, reacted to pituitary hormones. This finding indicates that both the receptors and the postreceptor mechanisms were in operative state. The effect of the thyrotropic hormone (TSH) overlaps the effect of related gonadotropic hormone (hCG), although this effect becomes smaller from the 21st day. The parameters investigated - the spectrocyto-fluorimetrically measured RNA-DNA ratio and the plasma testosterone level - ran generally in parallel. Similarly to the above mentioned hormones, prolactin also increased the testosterone level (though to lesser degree than hCG and TSH did), however, while it increased the RNA level but at the age of 16 days, it decreased it the age of 21 days. Somatotropin (GH) also increased somewhat the testosterone level; however, the effects of the two related hormones (Pr and GH) fell far beyond the effect of either TSH or hCG. PMID- 3227856 TI - Male-induced puberty acceleration in young female wild mice: hormonal regulation and source of pheromonal cue. AB - Experiments were designed to examine the influence of adult males on the rate of sexual maturation in young female wild mice. In one experiment, young females were raised in presence of adult males, adult females and in absence of any individual, while in another, they were exposed to urines of: (1) castrated males, (2) spayed females, (3) castrated and TP-treated males, (4) castrated and placebo-injected males. Female maturation as measured by age at vaginal opening and first vaginal oestrus was accelerated by presence of adult males, whereas presence of adult females considerably delayed the vaginal opening and the appearance of first oestrus in young females. In the other set of the experiments, urine from castrated or castrated and placebo-injected males was ineffective in inducing early puberty while urine from spayed females highly delayed the sexual maturation. By contrast, urine from castrated and TP-treated males accelerated the puberty more or less like normal males. The results indicate that male's chemosignal accelerating puberty in young females is present in urine and its production is under the control of androgens. However, the female-originating urinary pheromone which delays the puberty in young females is not regulated by ovarian hormones. PMID- 3227857 TI - Development of the central nervous system functions in rat pups prenatally exposed to alcohol (study on the behavioural teratology of ethanol in CFY rat pups). AB - As a model of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) the rate of the maturation of the functions of the central nervous system was studied in the offspring of pregnant CFY rats receiving (from the 7th-15th day of gestation) either oral ethanol treatment or liquid diet containing ethanol. Both types of exposure caused numerous behavioural impairments, besides high perinatal mortality also the opening of the eyes and ears, and the appearance of postural reflexes were delayed. The newborn rats could be characterized by hyperactivity and weak motor coordination. The learning capacity, the avoidance conditioned reflexes was the poorest in the case of the offspring of mothers kept on liquid diet, containing alcohol, the latency of the conditioned response was significantly lenghtened. During reconditioning, in the case of the sexually already mature pups, the weakest performance was observed in the offspring of mothers having received oral alcohol treatment. This findings indicated, on one hand, that the retardation ceased and, on the other, that the learning and memory impairments caused by oral alcohol exposure was persistent. Following prenatal alcohol exposure carried out by different methods the neurotoxic effect, the retardation of the rate of maturation of the central nervous functions, and the adaptive mechanisms were all affected to different extent. Besides alcohol exposure also other factors (relative protein insufficiency, malnutrition) may be involved in the pathomechanism of the above mentioned phenomena. PMID- 3227858 TI - GABA antagonists potentiate the cardioinhibitory reflex induced by capsaicin in the cat. AB - The GABA antagonists picrotoxin (PX) and bicuculline (BIC) were given intravenously (i.v.) or applied topically to the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in intact or in precollicularly decerebrate cats under chloralose-urethane anaesthesia, and their effects on capsaicin (CAP)-induced reflex bradycardia were studied. The administration of PX or BIC was found to result in a decrease of the resting heart rate and a significant increase of the cardioinhibitory reflex evoked by CAP. The maximum effects of these GABA antagonists developed within 3-10 min and lasted for about 40-60 min. Neither the resting heart rate nor the response to CAP was affected by strychnine. It is concluded that the CAP-sensitive unmyelinated barosensory afferents and/or the interneurons in the NTS are under a tonically active GABA-ergic inhibitory control originating in the brain stem. PMID- 3227859 TI - Effect of chloroquine in experimental myocardial ischaemia. AB - The cardiac effects of the phospholipase A2 inhibiting agent chloroquine were studied in dogs, rats and cats. During left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion produced in anaesthetized mongrel dog, chloroquine pretreatment considerably reduced the epicardial ST-segment elevation in the ischaemic area, as well as the number of premature ventricular contractions. In conscious male Sprague-Dawley CFY rats it diminished the duration and prolonged the latency of appearance of the early post-infarction arrhythmias and increased the survival rate following coronary artery ligation. Chloroquine failed to affect the ventricular fibrillation threshold in the normoxic cat heart. The cardioprotective action of chloroquine could be explained at least partly by its antiphospholipase activity. PMID- 3227860 TI - Inhibition of kidney function after blockade of thromboxane synthetase by imidazole in anaesthetized rats. AB - Experiments on anaesthetized female Wistar rats have shown that imidazole reduces renal excretion of p-aminohippurate (PAH). This effect occurs only after administration of imidazole simultaneously with a volume load (2 ml/100 g b.wt.). Injection of imidazole immediately before a PAH bolus (100 mg/100 g b.wt. in 2 ml) is followed by reduced PAH excretion via urine for at least 1 hour. In contrast, if a PAH bolus is given 20 min or later after imidazole no effect of this drug on renal PAH transport is demonstrable. These findings indicate that imidazole can interfere effectively with thromboxane synthesis only if thromboxane production is activated by volume expansion. Interestingly, despite 40% reduction of renal PAH excretion in volumen loaded rats, PAH serum disappearance is identical in controls and imidazole treated rats. Thus differences in the volume of distribution for PAH after imidazole must be expected. Under our experimental conditions imidazole was without effect on renal electrolyte excretion. PMID- 3227861 TI - Collaborative study of fluoride intake and utilization in Hungary: introduction and background. PMID- 3227862 TI - The fluoride content of selected foods in relation to the fluoride concentration of water. AB - The F content of foods and beverages comprising a substantial proportion of the Hungarian diet has been determined. Vegetables and fruits grown in three areas where the mean F content of water was 0.09 mg/l, 0.81 mg/l and 1.91 mg/l did not reflect these differences. In contrast, the F content of cooking water has made demonstrable contribution to the F content of cooked foods. Significant elevation in F concentration was also found in some meat products, where the inclusion of bone dust or fragments is suggested by corresponding increase in Ca content. PMID- 3227863 TI - Daily fluoride intake from the diet of Hungarian children in fluoride deficient and naturally fluoridated areas. AB - Average daily dietary intakes of F were determined for 67 kindergarten children (X age 3.9 years) and 118 schoolchildren (X age 14.0 years), resident in one of three areas where the concentration of naturally occurring F in the household water ranged 0.06-0.11 mg/l, 0.05-1.10 mg/l and 1.6-3.1 mg/l. Mean daily F intakes increased consistently and significantly with increasing F content of the water in all dietary categories in both age groups. Due to relatively low water and high milk consumption, F from foods has made a greater contribution to total F intake (40-53% over the whole sample) than F in water ingested as such, or in beverages. The total amount of F ingested from dietary sources is considered safe even at the highest intake levels found (X = 0.44 mg/day, SD = 0.11 at 3.9 years; 1.49 mg/day, SD = 0.35 at 14.0 years). PMID- 3227864 TI - Aluminium, calcium and magnesium content of Hungarian foods and dietary intakes by children aged 3.9 and 14 years. AB - The Al, Ca and Mg content of 147 kinds of foods and beverages, representing a large proportion of the Hungarian diet, has been determined using replicate samples. Dietary intakes of these minerals by 67 kindergarten children and 139 schoolchildren have been assessed. The richest sources of Al were: parsley, celery, gherkins, barley-malt; of Ca: dairy products, celery, parsley, savoy; of Mg: dried beans and peas, parsley, dill, maize-flour, rice, gherkins, chocolate. Flavouring agents (e.g. salt, pepper, paprika, caraway-seed) had very high concentrations of all three minerals and poppy-seeds that of Ca and Mg. The presence of bone-dust or fragments elevated the Ca content of some meats and cooked dishes. The main source of dietary intake of all three minerals was food; as opposed to F, the contribution of water-borne Al, Ca and Mg was negligible. Based on average values, the daily intake of all three minerals was satisfactory in both age groups. Mg intake was marginally below the recommended limit for a few children, but no signs of Mg deficiency were seen. PMID- 3227865 TI - Fluoride intake and utilization by Hungarian children: associations and interrelationships. AB - Selected interactions were examined between F, Al, Ca and Mg intakes and their manifestations in dental health parameters and biological samples relating to Hungarian children. The prevalence (DMFT, DMFS) and severity (SR) of caries were inversely related to the F concentration of household water and to the amount of F ingested from foods, beverages and tap or well water. Dental fluorosis and the F content of enamel, plaque, saliva, urine, nails and hair were directly related to the F content of water and to dietary F intake. The high significance levels and absolute consistency of associations lend strong support to the biological interdependence of the variables involved. In contrast, no associations were found between Mg ingestion and F utilization. Despite numerous inverse trends and some statistically significant inverse associations suggesting that dietary Al and Ca interfere with F uptake, the biological significance of the latter findings needs further exploration. Inhaled F amounted to less than 0.17% of the total F intake. The F content of frequently prescribed non-dental medicines ranged from below 0.00001 to 0.014 mg/g; their contribution to total F intake is considered insignificant. PMID- 3227866 TI - Calcium-dependent changes of the myocardial contractile function at chronic adriamycin treatment. AB - The contractile function of hearts and atria isolated from rats treated with adriamycin (ADM, total cumulative dose 16-20 mg/kg for 8-10 weeks) was moderately lower as compared to control preparations. However, the former exhibited a relatively higher positive inotropic response to an elevation of Ca++ concentration in the perfusate of isolated hearts or paired pulse stimulation of atria so that maximally attainable values were similar in both groups. On the contrary, the depression of ADM-treated atrial contractile amplitude became even more prominent at moderate increase in stimulation rate and was associated with the apparent incomplete relaxation. Chemically skinned fibers from ADM-treated hearts began to develop force at lower Ca++ concentration and exhibited higher Ca++-sensitivity in pCA range 5.8-5.4. Results suggest that long-term ADM treatment may be associated with a functional deficiency of Ca++-transporting mechanisms in myocardial cells which may contribute to the depression of the cardiac contractile function. PMID- 3227867 TI - Pain sensitivity in obesity. AB - Pain sensitivity of the obese and control women was investigated using an electrophysiological method. The sensory and pain threshold were higher in the obese than in the control subjects. Pain sensitivity of the control as well as that of the obese women increased significantly during the day from morning to evening. The circadian rhythm of the sensory and pain thresholds with peak values (acrophase) in the morning was significant only in control women. Weight reducing treatment did not change the pain sensitivity in obese women. PMID- 3227868 TI - The role of cernitins in cadmium effect on the absorption processes in rat small intestine. AB - The effect of long-term intoxication of cadmium (administered subcutaneously in a dose of 1 mg Cd/kg of body weight once a week for one month) on the absorption of water, sodium, potassium, glucose, glycine and thiamine in the small intestine of rats was investigated. In addition, the influence of cernitins (special pollen extract) on the action of cadmium intoxication was tested. The cernitins were given by stomach pump in the form of an aqueous solution of Pollitabs Sport tablets in a dose of 1.5 mg of cernitin T-60 and 0.075 mg of cernitin GBX per individual twice a week for two weeks or four weeks according to the group of animals tested. The results indicated that long-term administration of cadmium increased the intestinal absorption of all tested substances. Meanwhile, the application of cernitins reduced the effects of cadmium intoxication upon intestinal absorption and the processes of absorption was close to normal. PMID- 3227869 TI - Intestinal absorption of thiamine, glucose and sodium in rats after lead and joint lead-zinc treatment. AB - Intestinal absorption of thiamine, glucose and sodium was studied by perfusion method in situ in control rats, in rats subchronically poisoned with lead and in rats subchronically poisoned with lead and zinc administered jointly. In lead poisoned rats absorption of the investigated substances was increased. In lead and zinc poisoned rats intestinal absorption was not elevated. This seems to indicate that interaction between lead and zinc was antagonistic also when the metals were administered parenterally. PMID- 3227870 TI - Influence of experimental diets on cholesterol and triglyceride levels of rabbit blood serum lipoproteins. AB - Groups of rabbits were fed for six weeks various diets: standard died + ethanol, high-cholesterol diet and a high-cholesterol + ethanol one. During the next six weeks every diet was supplemented with a fresh vegetable (carrot). Cholesterol and triglycerides were determined in the whole serum and in lipoprotein fractions. In rabbits fed standard diet ethanol caused a moderate elevation of VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels. In animals on high cholesterol diet cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in these fractions were very high. Simultaneous consumption of large amounts of cholesterol and of ethanol resulted in a greater rise of cholesterol concentration in the whole serum and in VLDL and LDL fraction than did high-cholesterol diet alone. Addition of carrot caused a pronounced reduction of serum cholesterol concentration in animals fed all kinds of diets. The reduction concerned mainly VLDL. PMID- 3227872 TI - Haemodynamic characterization of the isolated (denervated) parabiotically perfused rat jejunum. AB - The isolated (denervated) parabiotically perfused rat jejunum was characterized for base-line haemodynamics, autoregulation of blood flow and oxygen consumption and long-term (3 h) stability with respect to both haemodynamics and the absence of tissue injury. In short-term experiments, the parabiotically perfused preparation autoregulated oxygen consumption but not blood flow over a wide range of perfusion pressures (25-85 mmHg). When the intestinal segment was subjected to near total ischaemia for I h, followed by I h of reperfusion, mucosal injury was induced which could be prevented by i.v. administration of superoxide dismutase after ischaemia just prior to reperfusion, or allopurinol prior to ischaemia. These findings support the concept of post-ischaemic reperfusion injury in the denervated preparation without hepatic ischaemia. This preparation could thus serve as an improved model for the study of the pathophysiology of post-ischaemic reperfusion injury in the rat intestine. PMID- 3227871 TI - Lipid peroxides, spermatozoa quality and activity of glutathione peroxidase in bull semen. AB - In bull semen spontaneous lipid peroxidation measured by the level of endogenous lipid peroxides and the consequences of this process for morphological and biochemical changes was studied. Glutathione peroxidase activity as protective enzyme against peroxidative damage was also determined. Obtained results showed that approximately two thirds of GSH-Px activity in bull semen was non Se dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. Malonaldehyde (MDA) level was negative correlated with selenium-dependent GSH-Px activity (r = = -0.38, P less than 0.01). Spermatozoa with acrosome entirely lost appeared to increase as the MDA level increased (r = 0.18, P less than 0.05). The negative correlation between Se GSH-Px activity and spermatozoa with acrosome separation from head (r = -0.28, P less than 0.01) and entirely lost (r = -0.21, P less than 0.05) suggest that selenium-dependent GSH-Px plays role in protecting the acrosome against disruption of the acrosomal membrane. The total glutathione peroxidase activity was unrelated to studied variables of bull semen. PMID- 3227873 TI - Effects of acute haloperidol treatment on regional catecholamine levels and utilization in rats exposed to toluene. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate whether the responses of central catecholamine (CA) neurons to CA receptor blockade by haloperidol are altered upon toluene exposure. Male rats were exposed to air or toluene (80 ppm) for 5 and 4 days, 6 h day-1. CA levels and utilization were determined in discrete regions of the forebrain and hypothalamus as well as in the substantia nigra (SN) and anteromedial frontal cortex (AMFC). Serum levels of corticosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin were determined by radioimmunoassay procedures. Toluene exposure led to increased dopamine (DA) utilization in the AMFC and increased CA utilization in the paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei. In air-exposed rats haloperidol (1 mg kg-1, i.p., 2 h before killing) increased DA utilization in the marginal part of the nucleus caudatus putamen (CAUD). In toluene-exposed rats, haloperidol induced significant depletions of DA stores in the SN and in the medial and central parts of the CAUD. In the posterior nucleus accumbens (ACC) DA utilization was significantly increased. Combined haloperidol and toluene treatment selectively decreased DA levels in the ACC and SN, and significantly increased DA utilization in the CAUD, as compared with the air-exposed control group. Furthermore, after combined treatment, there was a specific increase in noradrenaline (NA) utilization in the SN and in CA utilization in the medial palisade zone of the median eminence. Serum prolactin levels were substantially raised in both the air and toluene groups after the haloperidol treatment. In conclusion, acute haloperidol treatment preferentially reduces DA levels and increases DA and NA utilization in the SN and in discrete tel- and diencephalic areas in rats exposed to toluene. PMID- 3227874 TI - Is serotonin involved in the ovulatory process of the rat ovary perfused in vitro? AB - The presence of 5-HT (serotonin) in ovarian tissue and its varying concentrations during the oestrous cycle suggests that it takes part in ovarian function and in the ovulatory process as one of several mediators of the inflammatory-type reaction preceding follicular rupture. With the aid of a recirculating perfusion model, in which the central stimulatory action of 5-HT was avoided, its direct ovarian effect on ovulation was studied using immature, pregnant, mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG)-treated rats. Four out of five ovaries ovulated after the addition of 5-HT to the perfusion medium, though the ovulation rate (0.8 per ovary) did not reach the order of magnitude seen after luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulation (5.4 per ovary). The selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin, did not significantly reduce the 5-HT induced ovulations, and moreover, reduced the LH-stimulated ovulations. The calcium entry blocker, nifedipine, had no effect on either 5-HT or LH induction ovulations. PMID- 3227875 TI - Angiotensin II and tubular transport responses to renal venous pressure elevation in the dog kidney. PMID- 3227876 TI - Catecholamines (CA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are separately stored in bovine adrenal medulla, both in ionic linkage to granule sites, and not as a non diffusible CA-ATP-protein complex. AB - On superfusion of chromaffin granules from bovine adrenals with isotonic sodium and potassium salts, catecholamines and ATP were released in parallel and both in accordance with ion exchange kinetics. An artificial model was prepared by mixing a cationic (IRC-50) and an anionic (IR-4B) ion exchanger with COO- and NH+3 groups, respectively, as binding sites. This mixed ion exchanger showed in its storage and release of CA+ and ATP- striking similarities to the chromaffin granules. Within the pH range given for the interior of the granules--5.5-6--the artificial model even stored and released CA+ and ATP- within the same molar ratio as observed for the granules. We hypothesize that the chromaffin granule matrix in its storage and release functions operates as an amphoteric ion exchanger with COO- and NH+3 groups as the binding sites. PMID- 3227878 TI - Hormonal influence on utero-ovarian blood flow distribution in the mid-luteal pseudopregnant rat. AB - Uterine and ovarian blood flows and ovarian fractional perfusion were measured in adult rats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital i.p. on day 6 of pseudopregnancy, by using radioactive microspheres. Fifty i.u. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was found to increase the fractional perfusion of the ovary, and this was at least partially accomplished at the expense of the uterine blood flow, since this was reduced. Noradrenaline (NA) infusion (2 nmol min-1) reduced ovarian as well as uterine blood flow acutely. After 20 min of NA infusion (2 nmol min-1), however, ovarian blood flow and fractional perfusion were increased, while no significant effect was seen for uterine blood flow. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in a 20-min infusion (1 nmol min-1) markedly reduced ovarian and uterine blood flows. PMID- 3227877 TI - Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase show function-related changes in the gastric mucosa: immunohistochemical evidence. AB - Low levels of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase immunoreactivity were demonstrated immunohistochemically in rat gastric epithelial cells. The intensity was influenced by feeding and fasting, the former resulting in diminished reactions. Acute vagotomy, which abolishes basal acid secretion, resulted in a strongly increased thioredoxin immunoreactivity in all gastric epithelial cells. Stimulation of vagotomized rats with pentagastrin and carbachol reduced the levels of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Atropine and omeprazole (in stimulated, vagotomized rats) completely inhibited acid secretion, but caused different effects on the thioredoxin levels of gastric cells. Atropine restored the thioredoxin immunoreactivity in most gastric epithelial cells to that of the unstimulated, vagotomized controls. Omeprazole, however, did not reverse the effects of stimulation, and, except in the parietal cells, weaker fluorescence was observed. Similar reaction patterns were seen for thioredoxin reductase, although at lower staining intensities. The results demonstrate that thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase are expressed in resting cells, and to a lower extent in cells with ongoing secretion. PMID- 3227879 TI - Increased calcium response to ADP in blood platelets from women during ovulation compared with menstruation: cytoplasmic calcium measured with the fura-2 technique. AB - Blood platelets from women showed increased sensitivity to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) during ovulation compared with menstruation. The increased sensitivity was registered as an increase in cytoplasmic calcium response measured with the fluorescent indicator fura-2. Agonist dose-response studies revealed an increased maximal response, but the dose that gave half maximal response was unchanged. This indicates an increased mobility of calcium, without changed affinity to receptor(s). PMID- 3227880 TI - Haematocrit distribution in rabbit tenuissimus muscle. AB - Low values of mean capillary haematocrit have been reported in many tissues including skeletal muscle. The present study was undertaken to analyse haematocrit distribution in the transverse and terminal arterioles, capillaries and venules of the rabbit tenuissimus muscle preparation. Tube haematocrit, i.e. the volume fraction of red cells, in muscle capillaries (n = 85) was found to be 39% of systematic haematocrit Hsys. In part, this haematocrit reduction is due to the Fahraeus effect. Corresponding capillary discharge haematocrit HD was 56% of Hsys. Tenuissimus muscle capillaries are fed by terminal arterioles originating from transverse arterioles. The latter extend into and supply adjacent connective tissue septa in addition to the muscle tissue proper. In transverse arterioles leaving the muscle to enter the connective tissue, HD was found to be 127% of Hsys (n = 18), and in collecting venules at the muscle edge HD was 129% of Hsys (n = 18). These findings indicate that the connective tissue microcirculation represents a functional red-cell shunt in resting tenuissimus muscle. Since only about 20% of the inflow to the preparation passes through the connective tissue, this shunting is not sufficient to satisfy conservation of red-cell mass. In addition, it is likely that the observed low capillary haematocrit is in part due to a positive correlation between blood-flow velocity and HD in capillaries originating from individual terminal arterioles. This phenomenon is called the network Fahraeus effect. PMID- 3227882 TI - Morphology of the isolated rat hindquarter preparation: tissue preservation, perfusion heterogeneity and a note on the effect of fixative osmolality. AB - The isolated rat hindquarter preparation often used for physiological studies was subjected to morphological examination. A two-hour perfusion with balanced oxygenated dextran solution was followed by perfusion fixation with aldehydes. Fixation was performed at isogravimetry when an isotonic fixative was used (2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.05 M Na cacodylate + 4% dextran 70). Muscle specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Most muscle tissue was well perfused but a limited tissue volume could retain blood after the perfusion period. Within perfused tissue the perfusion result varied macroscopically with some regions apparently not being reached by fixative. Non-fixed tissue was estimated to amount to maximally one fourth of the total tissue mass. Also within macroscopically well-fixed tissue the microscopy indicated varying patency of perfused capillaries. Thus a marked perfusion flow heterogeneity prevailed in the fixed specimens which is compatible with earlier functional findings of a 50% reduction of capillary surface area during isogravimetric fixation. The possible relation with prefixation flow heterogeneity in the vasodilated preparation is discussed. There were no obvious alterations of endothelial ultrastructure after prolonged artificial perfusion. Isogravimetrically fixed muscle had narrow extracellular spaces which were evidently compressed further after use of absorbing hyperosmolar fixative. Extracellular expansion and intracellular oedema followed after hypo-osmolar fixation. Muscle cells often exhibited insufficient mitochondrial fixation, probably as a result of tissue hypoxia. PMID- 3227881 TI - Blood flow, histomorphology and elemental composition of the canine femur after physical training or immobilization. AB - Effects of long-term physical training (treadmill running 4 km/day for 15 weeks) and immobilization (casting of the limb for 11 weeks) on the blood flow, bone marrow uptake of radio-colloid, histomorphology as well as elemental composition of the proximal canine femur were investigated. In the runners both bone marrow and mean bone perfusions measured with a 133Xe washout method were increased by 53.5% (P less than 0.05) and 54.1% (P less than 0.05), respectively, as compared with the age-matched controls. Bone marrow uptake of [99mTc]tincolloid and volumetric fractions of trabecular bone and bone marrow were not significantly altered after training or immobilization. The amount of zinc measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry was, however, significantly higher (P less than 0.01) after immobilization as compared with the controls. Consequently, long-term physical training is suggested to stimulate bone metabolism by enhancing its blood perfusion even in the resting state, whereas the increase of zinc content was considered to be linked to the obvious bone resorption caused by immobilization. PMID- 3227883 TI - Correlation between single nephron glomerular filtration rate and filtration area in superficial glomeruli of developing rats. AB - Single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) was correlated to the area of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) determined by stereological techniques in rats between 20 and 40 days of age. Single nephron glomerular filtration rate increased 8.4 times in parallel with a twofold increase in GBM area. The much greater postnatal increase in SNGFR than in GBM area demonstrates that the increase in GBM area cannot account for the entire increase in SNGFR. Instead a combination of other factors influencing SNGFR most likely determines the largest part of the increase in SNGFR during this period. Thus, the drop in vascular resistance known to occur during maturation will increase the renal blood flow and may cause the filtration process to turn from a state of filtration equilibrium to or close to disequilibrium, thereby increasing GFR. Additional increase in GFR may be due to an increased net driving force for filtration and/or changed hydraulic permeability. PMID- 3227884 TI - Red-cell pH in tench. Interacting effects of cellular nucleoside triphosphates, Hb-oxygenation and extracellular pH. AB - Experimental adjustments of red-cell pH (pHi) by varying red-cell nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) content, blood oxygenation state and extracellular pH (pHe) demonstrated a tight interdependence of these variables in their influence upon pHi. The increase in pHi with deoxygenation (delta pHi (d--o] is large, but becomes strongly reduced when the NTP content is decreased and when pHe falls. Lowering of red-cell NTP increases pHi, notably at high pHe, but this NTP dependence of pHi (delta pHi/delta(NTP/Hb] is much smaller in deoxygenated than in oxygenated blood. The pHe dependence of pHi (delta pHi/delta pHe) increases upon reduction of red-cell NTP content and upon deoxygenation. The results are consistent with the view that pHi is governed by Donnan-like distribution of protons across the red-cell membrane, and show that a pronounced red-cell swelling accompanies increases in the distribution ratio [H+]e/[H+]i. The data are interpreted in terms of changes in the red-cell non-permeable charge as induced by NTP and its linkage with the haemoglobin proton equilibria. PMID- 3227885 TI - Measurement of colloid osmotic pressure in submicrolitre samples. AB - A colloid osmometer for submicrolitre samples was constructed from solid polymethylmetacrylate and acrylnitrilmethylmetacrylate blocks, exposing a 0.85 mm diameter area of a Diaflo PM-30 ultrafiltration membrane. The unknown sample, contained in a 1-microliter glass micropipette, was applied to the membrane by suction, providing minimal exposure to air. The lower limit for successful application was 0.1-0.2 microliter. The accuracy of colloid osmotic pressure (COP) measurement depends strongly on the effective compliance of the pressure transducer. We tested three different systems: (i) A Hewlett-Packard 1280 'medical' transducer gave acceptable measurements on 1-microliter samples. In smaller samples (0.1-0.5 microliter) COP was underestimated, especially at COP greater than 10 mmHg. The equilibration time was 10-30 min. (ii) As (i), but with air pressure applied to the sample by a servoregulated pump, minimizing fluid transport through the membrane. Accurate measurements on 0.2-microliter samples were obtained in the course of 2-3 min, but the system required special instrumentation and some operating experience. (iii) An 'industrial' transducer, SensoNor AE-88o, with very low compliance, gave accurate measurements in the course of 1-3 min on samples as small as 0.1-0.2 microliter and COP up to 37 mmHg. We recommend system (iii) for samples smaller than 1 microliter. PMID- 3227886 TI - Temperature-dependent interaction between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator mechanisms in human skin. AB - The putative influence of the thermoregulatory state on skin blood-flow responses to various stimuli was studied in 17 healthy subjects exposed to different ambient temperatures. Skin blood flow was monitored by laser Doppler flowmeters and photoelectrical pulse plethysmographs. Stimuli included painful intraneural electrical stimulation (INS) in the median nerve at the wrist, mental stress, arousal stimuli and deep breaths. Intraneural electrical stimulation and mental stress were accompanied by virtually identical changes in skin blood flow, warm subjects responding with cutaneous vasoconstriction whereas cold subjects responded with vasodilatation. Similar but less pronounced responses were obtained with arousal stimuli and single deep breaths. The data indicate that the thermoregulatory state profoundly influences the extent and direction of various cutaneous vasomotor reflex responses. Furthermore, there were differences between responses in hands and feet, suggesting a spatial organization of vasomotor control. PMID- 3227887 TI - Adenosine as a modulator of sympathetic nerve-stimulation-induced release of noradrenaline from the isolated rabbit heart. AB - The ability of adenosine to inhibit sympathetic nerve-stimulation-induced overflow of noradrenaline was studied in isolated rabbit hearts with intact sympathetic innervation. Noradrenaline in the heart effluents was measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The drugs used, adenosine, theophylline, and 8-parasulphophenyltheophylline, were administered via the perfusion fluid. Adenosine (1-100 microM) dose-dependently inhibited stimulation-evoked outflow of noradrenaline from the heart, by up to 47%: the inhibition was completely antagonized by theophylline (200 microM), and by 8-parasulphophenyltheophylline (100 microM). Neither theophylline nor 8-parasulphophenyltheophylline did per se affect basal or stimulation-evoked outflow of noradrenaline. Simultaneous infusion of adenosine (100 microM) and theophylline (200 microM) significantly increased the outflow of noradrenaline during nerve stimulation, by almost 40%. No such effect was observed by adenosine (100 microM) and 8 parasulphophenyltheophylline (100 microM), indicating that theophylline may facilitate transmitter release by an action dissociated from purinoceptor antagonism. It is concluded that (a) adenosine inhibits depolarization-induced liberation of sympathetic transmitter in the rabbit heart, (b) this inhibition is mediated by activation or purinoceptors, probably located on the presynaptic nerve terminals, and (c) brief periods of sympathetic stimulation in the normoxic heart does not release sufficient amounts of adenosine to cause significant inhibition of transmitter release. PMID- 3227888 TI - Transcapillary clearance of albumin in rat skeletal muscle monitored by external detection. Effects of alterations in capillary surface area. AB - The effects of noradrenaline (NA)-induced vasoconstriction on the transcapillary passage of albumin was evaluated by an external detection technique, allowing repetitive measurements of albumin clearance (Cl) during various conditions (in the same animal). Six isolated rat hindquarters were perfused with serum-albumin solutions during maximal vasodilation (papaverine 90 microM) and Cl was determined at different net filtration rates (Fv) induced by elevations of venous pressure. Then, the perfusate was changed to one of similar composition but containing noradrenaline (2-4 microM), and the procedure of determining Cl vs. Fv was repeated. Tissue accumulation of [99mTc]albumin was expressed in terms of clearance, using the isogravimetric Cl of defined muscle samples during maximum vasodilation in separate experiments as reference, the latter being 0.0246 +/- 0.0012 ml min-1 per 100 g. Noradrenaline caused an increase in vascular resistance from 2 to 14 mmHg min 100 g ml-1, while the Cl vs. Fv relationship was shifted downwards in a fashion parallel with the control Cl vs. Fv curve. For Fv = 0, Cl was 0.0101 +/- 0.0014 ml min-1 per 100 g during NA challenge. The average reflection coefficient for albumin (sigma tot) was 0.92 +/- 0.01 irrespective of vascular tone. Thus, both albumin clearance and the capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) seem to vary in direct proportion to the capillary surface area available for exchange. PMID- 3227889 TI - Dynamics of the interventricular septum and ventricular free walls during regional ischaemia in open-chest dogs. AB - The significance of ischaemia of the left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) free walls for the dynamics of the interventricular septum (IVS) and the right ventricle was examined in open-chest dogs. Left ventricular and RV ischaemia reduced stroke volume similarly, by 11.2 +/- 1.4% and 11.2 +/- 2.4%, respectively. The dynamics of myocardial segment lengths (SL), recorded in the LV and RV free walls and the IVS, differed. During LV ischaemia, end-diastolic SL (EDSL) and systolic shortening (SS) increased in the IVS, whereas SL remained unchanged in the RV free wall. During RV ischaemia, LV EDSL, and SS decreased. Interventricular septum EDSL also decreased, but this reduction was not statistically significant. During blood volume expansion, LV and RV function curves were shifted right, and/or downwards by LV ischaemia, whereas only the RV function curve was shifted downwards and to the right by RV ischaemia. Thus, ischaemia of the LV free wall induces activation of the Frank-Starling mechanism in the interventricular septum and a deterioration of right ventricular performance. PMID- 3227890 TI - Peak torque and OBLA running capacity in male orienteers. AB - The isokinetic (30, 60, 120 and 180 degrees s-1) peak torque of m. quadriceps femoris and m. triceps surae, and the running velocity at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (VOBLA) were determined at three different occasions (November, April and September) during a year in 15 male elite orienteers. The amount and type of training for each individual was also registered. At the first test (November) there was no significant intra-individual correlation between peak torque of m. quadriceps and m. triceps surae. A negative correlation was found between VOBLA and peak torque of m. quadriceps at the lower velocities of angular motion, but not at the higher. The peak torque of m. triceps surae increased during the training period and decreased during the competition period back to the original level. Over the whole year the peak torque of m. quadriceps increased while no changes could be demonstrated within the two periods of the study. The running velocity at the onset of blood lactate accumulation increased during both training and competition periods. The changes in VOBLA were negatively associated with the changes in peak torque of m. quadriceps at 180 degrees s-1 during the training period. During the competition period the changes in VOBLA were, for the majority of the orienteers, negatively correlated to the ratio of quality:quantity running, i.e. to a high content of forest running. PMID- 3227891 TI - Fatigue during dynamic muscle contractions in male sprinters and marathon runners: relationships between performance, electromyographic activity, muscle cross-sectional area and morphology. AB - Knee extensor fatigue and endurance during repeated maximum isokinetic manoeuvres were studied in five sprinters and five marathon runners, all males. Fatigue and endurance were expressed in terms of output (contractional work, CW) and input (integrated electromyograms, iEMG), and was related to muscle fibre composition of m. vastus lateralis and to cross-sectional area (CSA) of m. quadriceps. The initially performed contractional work was positively related to the calculated absolute type II fibre area of m. vastus lateralis, but not to the cross sectional area of m. quadriceps. During the first 25 contractions, sprinters fatigued, with a slope of decline in contractional work that was correlated to the absolute type II fibre area, also after correction of performed work for CSA of m. quadriceps. As the electromyographic activity decreased less than the contractional work, a drastic fall in the CW/iEMG ratio was found in the sprinter group. Three out of five sprinters could perform less than 50 knee extensions, due to subjective discomfort in tested thighs. In contrast, all marathon runners could, after a minor similar decline in electromyographic activity and contractional work during the first part of the experiment, maintain a steady state endurance level of CW and iEMG throughout the test (200 knee extensions). In conclusion, fatigue during isokinetic maximal knee extensions is closely related to the muscle structure of m. vastus lateralis. PMID- 3227892 TI - Muscle pathomorphology in m. quadriceps of marathon runners. Early signs of strain disease or functional adaptation? AB - Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis of five male marathon runners and five sprinters. The athletes performed their last competition at least 2 weeks prior to the investigation. No clinical signs of discomfort or injury were observed in the runners. The biopsy specimens from the sprinters showed an ordinary overall morphology, although fibre sizes varied considerably within and between the individuals. In contrast, in the marathon runners, structural deviations of pathologic value appeared in four out of five subjects. The fibre shapes were irregular, irrespective of fibre type, and internal architectural changes were common. An increased amount of connective tissue was found. A majority of fibres showed one or more central nuclei. A few fibres were flat and there were also evidence of fibre type grouping. The divergent picture might be an expression of repeated fibre injury with subsequent processes. If so, a peripheral, relative, arterial insufficiency is suggested as a possible aetiology. However, it cannot be ruled out that the deviations express a functional adaptation to the extreme endurance demands. PMID- 3227893 TI - Serum levels of thyroid and adrenal hormones, testosterone, TSH, LH, GH and prolactin in men after a 2-h stay in a cold room. AB - Twenty healthy male volunteers, dressed in shorts, stayed for 30 min in a room with an ambient temperature of 28 degrees C followed by a stay in a room with a temperature of 10 degrees C for 120 min. The mean skin temperature fell rapidly during the first minutes in the cold but the rectal temperature began to fall as late as at 60 min (0.1 degree C) and was 0.4 degrees C lower at the end of the cold exposure than before it. The metabolic rate, and the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, increased, and the pulse rate fell, in the cold. Serum samples were taken before moving to the cold (10 degrees C) room and after the 2-h stay and assayed for 11 hormones. There were no significant changes in the serum concentration of adrenalin, T3, T4, testosterone, TSH or LH. The serum level of noradrenaline increased from 4.5 to 6.3 nmol l-1 (P less than 0.01) and those of cortisol, GH and prolactin fell by 20, 87 and 48% (all P less than 0.01). The total serum proteins increased by 11% and free fatty acids by 28% (P less than 0.01). Our results show that the short-term exposure of adult man to low ambient temperature does not have any effect on the pituitary-thyroid and pituitary testis axes and adrenal medulla. The increase of noradrenaline is probably due to general activation of the sympathetic nerves at low temperatures. The decreases in the serum levels of GH and prolactin reflect a true decrease in their secretions and may be mediated by inhibitory hypothalamic mechanisms. PMID- 3227894 TI - The development of homeothermy in common eider ducklings (Somateria mollissima). AB - Oxygen consumption (VO2), body temperature (TB) and electric muscle activity (EMG) were measured at varying ambient temperatures (TA) in common eider ducklings from the eggs pipped to 1 day after hatching. Eggs at pipping and ducklings still wet from hatching doubled their VO2 at TA = 2-4 degrees C compared with TA = 27 degrees C, but were unable to maintain constant TB. Increased EMG activity was recorded from ducklings 30 min after hatching. Artificially dried 1-h-old ducklings maintained normal TB (39.0-40.5) for at least 90 min at TA = 2 degrees C. Ducklings older than 24 h maintained homeothermy even when the pelt was artificially wetted. Oxygen consumption at thermoneutrality increased about 50% from hatching to 12 h of age. The specific thermal conductance of ducklings at different ages indicates that the youngest ducklings maintain homeothermy by having a cold periphery in addition to pelt insulation and increased VO2, while ducklings older than 12 h rely on pelt insulation and increased VO2 only. PMID- 3227895 TI - Parabronchial oxygen extraction in ducks during selective cooling of the spinal cord. AB - Pekin ducks Anas platyrhynchos were chronically equipped with thermodes in the vertebral canal. Metabolic heat production, parabronchial oxygen extraction, vertebral canal temperature and body temperature were measured simultaneously before and during spinal cooling, at ambient temperatures ranging from 6 to 25 degrees C. Lowering vertebral canal temperature from 41.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C to 35.9 +/- 0.6 degrees C gave a mean increase in metabolic heat production of 1.54 +/- 0.26 W kg-1. Even though the spinal cooling had a clear metabolic effect, there was no concomitant change in parabronchial oxygen extraction. It is concluded that the thermosensitive structures residing in the spinal cord are not involved in the regulation of parabronchial gas exchange. The increase in parabronchial oxygen extraction, which is reported during cold exposure in birds, may therefore be induced by thermal inputs from peripheral thermoreceptors. PMID- 3227896 TI - Acid in proximal and distal duodenum inhibits, but hyperosmolal solution does not inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in chronic gastric fistula rats. AB - In chronic gastric fistula (GF) rats, hyperosmolal 0.20 M HCl infused into a duodenal loop anastomosed to the jejunum (Roux-en-Y) produced a greater inhibition of the maximal acid response to pentagastrin than HCl or 1200 mosmol kg-1 solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) alone, suggesting that HCl and hyperosmolal solution inhibit secretion by different mechanisms. In the present study on chronic GF rats with Thirty-Vella loops of the proximal or distal duodenum (bile and pancreatic ducts transplanted to the jejunum), perfusion of the proximal or distal loop with 0.20 M HCl significantly inhibited the maximal acid response to pentagastrin, but perfusion with hyperosmolal PEG solution did not alter the response. The results suggest different anatomical sites for the inhibitory mechanisms, sensitive to acid and hyperosmolal solution. PMID- 3227897 TI - Evidence for the existence of angiotensinogen mRNA in magnocellular paraventricular hypothalamic neurons. PMID- 3227898 TI - Skeletal muscle glucolysis, glycogenolysis and glycogen phosphorylase during electrical stimulation in man. AB - Phosphorylase activity, glycogenolytic and glucolytic rates were estimated in human quadriceps muscle during electrical stimulation at 20 Hz. Two stimulation periods of 10 s duration were separated by a pause of 60 s. The blood circulation to the leg was intact or occluded during the experiment. ATP turnover rates and force production were of the same order during the two contraction periods both with and without intact blood flow. Also the increase in phosphorylase a activity (from approximately 30% to approximately 65%) was the same during the contraction periods. Glycogenolytic and glucolytic rates were however about 30% higher (P less than 0.05) during the second contraction compared with the first when circulation was occluded, but similar when the circulation was intact. During the 60 s rest period, the phosphocreatine (PCr) was maintained at a low level and inorganic phosphate (Pi) remained increased under occluded circulation while PCr was resynthesized in the rest period with intact circulation. We conclude that the increased glycogenolytic rate observed during the second contraction with occluded blood circulation was due to the high [Pi] in the muscle and that the increased glucolytic rate was caused by high [Pi] and low [PCr]. In the rest period with anoxia the glycogenolysis was completely inhibited and glucolysis was inhibited by 95% in spite of the changes in [PCr] and [Pi]. PMID- 3227899 TI - Phosphorylase activity in needle biopsy samples--factors influencing transformation. AB - Phosphorylase was determined in biopsy samples frozen immediately or after a delay of 10 s to 6 min. Muscle biopsies were performed at rest without and with propranolol, or adrenalin infusion and after electrical stimulation. The phosphorylase a fraction was 36% (28-44) in resting samples frozen immediately and 12% (12-13) after 10 s delay and remained at the same level when the freezing was further delayed (up to 6 min). It is suggested that an increase in [Ca2+] in the cytoplasm due to the insertion of the needle in muscle or cutting of tissue membranes may cause transformation of phosphorylase from b to a form, a transformation which is restored when Ca2+ is pumped back during the delay. Also the increased phosphorylase a fraction observed in biopsy samples obtained during adrenalin infusion reverted partially back when freezing was delayed for 10 s and 30 s, respectively. In muscle samples taken during contraction the mole fraction of phosphorylase a decreased from 53 to 12% when freezing was delayed for 10 s. The lowest value of the phosphorylase a mole fraction was observed in resting muscle after beta-blockade when the tissue samples were frozen 10 s after sampling and corresponded to 10% of the total phosphorylase. It is concluded that both muscle sampling and circulating adrenalin will increase phosphorylase a fraction in resting muscle and probably also augment the effect of adrenalin infusion. PMID- 3227900 TI - Changes in plasma concentrations of aromatic and branched-chain amino acids during sustained exercise in man and their possible role in fatigue. AB - The plasma concentrations of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids have been measured in two different types of sustained dynamic exercise. Twenty-two subjects participated in the 1986 Stockholm Marathon and eight subjects took part in an army training programme of approximately 1.5-h duration. Both types of exercise caused a significant decrease in the plasma concentration of branched chain amino acids, while there was no change in the concentration of total (free plus bound to albumin) tryptophan. The plasma concentration of free tryptophan, which was measured in the marathon runners, was found to increase 2.4-fold during the race. This increase is probably caused by a pronounced elevation in the concentration of plasma free fatty acids during exercise, since these are known to displace tryptophan from albumin. The observed increase in plasma free tryptophan concentration, together with the decrease in plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids, gives rise to a marked increase in the plasma concentration ratio of free tryptophan/branched-chain amino acids. This should lead to an increase in the rate of transport of tryptophan across the blood-brain barrier and hence to an increase in the rate of synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain. An elevated concentration of 5-HT in specific areas of the brain may be responsible, at least in part, for the development of physical, and/or mental fatigue during prolonged exercise. PMID- 3227901 TI - The dynamic sensitivity of Ib inhibition. PMID- 3227902 TI - In vitro reversal of insulin resistance in diabetic skeletal muscle is independent of extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+. PMID- 3227903 TI - Enterohepatic bile-acid circulation in the pregnant cat. AB - Pregnancy increases the risk of gallstones. The physiological changes responsible for this are not clearly demonstrated. Adjustments in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids have earlier been studied in pregnancy by methods involving dilution of labelled bile acids. In the present study the bile-acid circulation was measured with direct drainage methods in pregnant animals and controls. It was found that the total bile-acid-pool size was reduced to 65% in the pregnant cat (P less than 0.01) and there was a reduced accumulation of bile acids in the gallbladder after fasting 24 h (P less than 0.01). Bile-acid synthesis by the liver was not reduced and the relation between water and bile acid secretion by the liver was unchanged. It is concluded that, in the pregnant cat, the bile-acid-pool size is reduced due to a decreased accumulation of bile acids in the gallbladder and an increased interdigestive recycling rate of the bile-acid pool (P less than 0.05). One possible explanation for the reduced accumulation of bile acids in the gallbladder is delayed emptying of the stomach, inducing a late refilling of the gallbladder after a meal. PMID- 3227904 TI - Contractile properties during development of hypertrophy of the smooth muscle in the rat portal vein. AB - Structural and mechanical alterations during hypertrophy of the rat portal vein were investigated. Growth of the vessel was induced by a partial ligature of the vessel causing an increased transmural pressure. Vessel segments from animals kept with ligature for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, were compared with vessels from sham operated animals. Maximal active force and vessel cross-sectional area increased with time in the ligated group. On day 7, force and cross-sectional area at the optimal length, were markedly increased in the ligated group (21.1 +/- 1.0 mN, 0.55 +/- 0.04 mm2, n = 9) compared with the control vessels (11.7 +/- 1.0 mN, 0.30 +/- 0.02 mm2, n = 7). Light and electron microscopy of preparations fixed at optimal length showed that the amount of smooth muscle and the cross-sectional area of cell profiles were almost doubled in the ligated group on day 7, consistent with hypertrophy of the smooth muscle. The force per smooth muscle cell area was similar in the two groups (ligated: 132 +/- 15; control: 145 +/- 16 mN mm-2, n = 4-5). The maximal shortening velocity was significantly lower in the hypertrophied group (ligated: 0.28 +/- 0.02; control: 0.41 +/- 0.01 optimal length s-1, n = 6). In chemically skinned preparations, activated by maximal thiophosphorylation of the myosin light chains, force was higher in the ligated group compared to the controls but no difference in maximal shortening velocity was observed. In conclusion, the increased transmural pressure is associated with a rapid increase in the amount of smooth muscle in the portal vein. The mechanical data show that after 7 days the force generating ability of the contractile system has increased in proportion to the smooth muscle cell mass. The unaltered maximal shortening velocity in the skinned hypertrophied preparations suggests that the kinetic properties of the maximally activated contractile system are unaltered. The decreased maximal shortening velocity in the intact hypertrophied preparations may reflect alterations in the excitation contraction coupling. PMID- 3227905 TI - Diffusional transport of albumin from interstitium to blood across small pores in the capillary walls of rat skeletal muscle. AB - The transport of radiolabelled albumin from tissue to blood was measured with an external detection technique in isolated, maximally vasodilated rat skeletal muscles. Initially, rat hindlimbs were perfused with albumin-serum solutions containing [99mTc]albumin for at least 2 h, during which time the tracer accumulated interstitially. The accumulated tracer albumin was then washed out over a period of 1 h, using a tracer-free, otherwise identical, perfusate. The wash-out curve was multi-exponential and the last 30-min period was used to calculate the turnover rate constant (k), which was 7.5 x 10(-4) min-1, (+/- 0.7 x 10(-4), n = 5). Moreover, if albumin was assumed to be distributed homogeneously within the interstitium, with a distribution volume (Vi) of 10 ml 100 g-1, a tissue-to-blood clearance of albumin (ClT-B) of 0.0075 ml min-1 100 g 1 could be calculated. By this approach ClT-B is probably slightly overestimated, but is still only 30% of the clearance from blood to tissue (ClB-T), as determined in several previous studies under similar conditions. Thus, transcapillary passage of albumin is highly asymmetrical, being at least three times greater from blood to tissue than in the opposite direction. This is in agreement with the concept of the capillary walls being composed of two populations of functional pores, where macromolecules are transported from blood to tissue mainly by convection through large pores, even at low filtration rates. PMID- 3227906 TI - The effect of temperature and stimulation scheme on fatigue and recovery in Xenopus muscle fibres. AB - The influence of temperature and alternations of the stimulation scheme on fatigue development and recovery has been studied in single toe muscle fibres of Xenopus. Fatigue was in all cases produced by intermittent tetanic stimulation. In the temperature experiments easily fatigued (type 1) and fatigue-resistant (type 2) fibres were fatigued in successive series at 10.0, 15.0 and 22.5 degrees C. Lowering the temperature did not markedly influence the time-course of fatigue development in either of the fibre types. At 22.5 degrees C these fibres usually display post-contractile depression (PCD), a delayed force suppression, during the recovery period. At the lower temperatures PCD was not observed in type 1 fibres and it was delayed in type 2 fibres. Only type 1 fibres were studied in the altered stimulation scheme experiments. Neither the time-course of fatigue development nor the recovery process was markedly influenced by an alteration of tetanic stimulus frequency in the range of 40-80 Hz. Increasing the time-tension area produced before the standard fatigue level (40% of the original force) was reached, by increasing the initial interval between tetani, caused a more pronounced PCD. From these results it can be concluded that fatigue development and recovery are complex processes which cannot be readily explained by a single mechanism. PMID- 3227907 TI - The relation between force and intracellular pH in fatigued, single Xenopus muscle fibres. AB - Intracellular pH (pHi) has been measured before fatiguing stimulation and during recovery in single toe-muscle fibres of Xenopus at room temperature. Liquid ion sensor microelectrodes were used for pHi measurements. The pHi measured before fatiguing stimulation was 6.93 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- SD, n = 9) in type 1 fibres and 6.99 +/- 0.10 (n = 4) in type 2 fibres. About 1 min after tension had been suppressed to approximately 40% of the original by repeated tetanic contractions, pHi was measured again; it was then reduced to 6.34 +/- 0.13 (range 6.15-6.50) and 6.71 +/- 0.17 (range 6.50-6.85) in type 1 and type 2 fibres, respectively. The pHi recovered at a rate of about 0.05 pH units min-1 and was always normalized well before tension. Fibres which exhibited post-contractile depression (PCD), a delayed force suppression during the recovery period, had similar pHi normalization rates to those of other fibres. The large variation in pHi values obtained in fibres fatigued to a standard tension level leads us to conclude that an intracellular acidification is not likely to be the major cause of fatigue produced by intermittent tetanic stimulation. However, an important inhibitory effect in the most acidified fibres, cannot be excluded. Furthermore, we conclude that force recovery in our experiments is controlled by factors other than pHi. PMID- 3227908 TI - Increased IMP content in glycogen-depleted muscle fibres during submaximal exercise in man. AB - To study the relationship between glycogen depletion and IMP accumulation in different fibre types, single fibres were dissected from biopsies taken at rest and after one hour of exercise at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake. These fibres were analysed histochemically for glycogen and fibre types and pooled into classes of type I or type II fibres with low, medium or high glycogen content, in a total of six classes. These pools were analysed for ATP, ADP, AMP and IMP contents by high performance liquid chromatography. The contents of ATP, ADP and AMP at rest, and immediately after exercise, were not significantly different between the six fibre classes. The IMP content in glycogen-depleted fibres obtained after exercise was, however, higher than in pools of glycogen-filled fibres obtained both at rest and after exercise. In conclusion, the elevated IMP content in glycogen-depleted but not in glycogen-filled type I and type II muscle fibres during prolonged submaximal exercise indicates a decreased ATP regeneration rate in glycogen-depleted fibres, which may be a factor limiting exercise duration during prolonged submaximal exercise. PMID- 3227909 TI - Occurrence of an insulin-like peptide in extracts of human nervous tissue. AB - Peripheral nerves of the cat such as the vagal and the sciatic nerves have been shown to contain a peptide with insulin-like properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether insulin-like immunoreactivity (ILI) can be demonstrated in human nervous tissue collected from autopsy material. Biopsies were taken in connection with autopsy from various peripheral nerves and their content of ILI was investigated. ILI in amounts up to about 12 ng g-1 was found in about 30% of all biopsies taken from peripheral nerves. The ILI coeluted with a bovine insulin standard in an HPLC system indicating that it corresponds to a peptide identical with or similar to pancreatic insulin. Autopsy specimens taken from the sciatic nerve of individuals with diabetes type II or from individuals without established diabetes contained similar amounts of ILI. PMID- 3227910 TI - Neurotropism in nerve regeneration: an immunohistochemical study. AB - A rectangular pseudomesothelial-lined chamber was used to elucidate the hypothesis that in adult rats neurotrophic factors are formed after nerve injury and may influence regeneration of peripheral nerves. The proximal end of a cut sciatic nerve was inserted into one corner of the chamber. In one group of animals the distal end of the cut sciatic nerve was implanted in the diagonally opposite corner of the chamber. In another group we just introduced the proximal end of the sciatic nerve; no distal implant was used. The organization, length and direction of the nerve fibres, regenerating from the proximal end of the sciatic nerve, was visualized immunohistochemically with the aid of antibodies against neurofilaments at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery. When a distal sciatic nerve segment was used, nerve fibres regenerating from the proximal cut end of the sciatic nerve showed an organized growth across the chamber, formed bundles and grew into the diagonally implanted nerve piece. If there was no distal implant, the growth of the randomly directed nerve fibres ceased after about two weeks, resulting in formation of a neuroma-like structure. Increased immunoreactivity of the trophic peptide insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, somatomedin C) was demonstrated in the regenerating nerve, most evidently in reactive Schwann cells. It is concluded that a positive neurotropic effect is exerted on growing nerve fibres by injured, reactive peripheral nerve tissue. There could tentatively be a relation between nerve regeneration and local formation of trophic factors. PMID- 3227911 TI - Measurements of macula densa cell volume changes in isolated and perfused rabbit cortical thick ascending limb. I. Isosmotic and anisosmotic cell volume changes. AB - A method to measure time-dependent volume changes in macula densa (MD) cells is described. Cell volume is calculated from cell height measurements for which an image-splitting eyepiece is used. This paper presents the results of experiments designed to investigate the behaviour of the macula densa cells in anisosmotic media, to evaluate the cell volume response to sudden decreases in luminal or peritubular osmolarity and to examine the effect of different luminal NaCl concentrations on the steady-state isosmotic cell volume and on the regulatory volume response to anisosmotic media. The result showed that induced alteration in macula densa cell volume did not change macula densa surface area, but only cell height. The mean control cell height was 13.3 microns +/- 0.4. When MD cells were exposed to a luminal osmolarity of 180 mosM (control 300 mosM) they swelled only to 1.19 +/- 0.02 of the control value and with furosemide present to 1.13 +/ 0.02 or with low NaCl to 1.13 +/- 0.01. While after 5 min of exposure values were 1.15 +/- 0.03, 0.99 +/- 0.02 and 1.02 +/- 0.02, respectively. Addition of furosemide (10(-4) M) to the luminal perfusate (300 mosM) resulted in a rapid decrease in cell height to 0.8 +/- 0.02 in relation to control. When furosemide was removed cell volume was restituted (0.98 +/- 0.03). When luminal perfusate was replaced by mannitol and (12 mM Na+, 7 mM Cl-) cell volume decreased to 0.83 +/- 0.02 of the control value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227912 TI - Measurements of macula densa cell volume changes in isolated and perfused rabbit cortical thick ascending limb. II. Apical and basolateral cell osmotic water permeabilities. AB - Cortical thick ascending limbs containing macula densa plaques were dissected and perfused in vitro. Macula densa cell osmotic water permeability of the apical and basolateral membranes were measured by setting up osmotic steps across them in less than 0.1 s and following the ensuing time-dependent cell volume changes. The results of this study are in accordance with the view that the macula densa cells have a relatively low permeability to water. Apical and basolateral osmotic water permeabilities are 2.4 and 30.4 x 10(-4) cm3 s-1 osMolar-1 cm-2 basement membrane area, respectively. No infoldings were taken into consideration. These water permeabilities were not affected by maximal and supramaximal doses of vasopressin. This paper provides new insight into the physiological behaviour of this small, and almost inaccessible, sensing epithelial disc of cells which improves the understanding of its participation in the juxtaglomerular feedback response. PMID- 3227913 TI - Colloid osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid in rat subcutis and skeletal muscle: comparison of various wick sampling techniques. AB - Interstitial fluid for measurement of colloid osmotic pressure (COPi) was collected from rat subcutis and skeletal muscle with three wick methods; saline soaked wicks implanted in vivo, titration with wicks preloaded with serial dilutions of rat plasma implanted postmortem (crossover method) and dry wicks implanted in vivo and post-mortem. When compared in 12 rats, the mean subcutaneous COPi of 14.2 and 13.3 mmHg as estimated with the crossover method and dry wick method, respectively, both exceeded the 10.7 mmHg obtained in saline soaked wicks implanted for 60 min. Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in fluid from dry wicks implanted subcutaneously was slightly lower than in plasma 5 min after implantation in vivo, then fell gradually, but remained stable the last 30 min of the 60 min in vivo implantation period and the first 30 min post-mortem, when again starting to rise. COP in fluid isolated from dry wicks implanted in muscle post-mortem approached or even exceeded that of plasma, suggesting leakage of intracellular proteins to wick fluid. Electrophoresis of dry wick fluid from subcutis showed a pattern similar to that of plasma, while protein fractions not present in plasma were observed in muscle wick fluid. For measurement of COPi we recommend the use of dry wicks implanted post mortem for subcutis and saline soaked or dry wicks implanted in vivo for 90-120 min for skeletal muscle. PMID- 3227914 TI - Sympathetic vascular control of the pig nasal mucosa (2): Reserpine-resistant, non-adrenergic nervous responses in relation to neuropeptide Y and ATP. AB - The possible occurrence of non-adrenergic mechanisms in the sympathetic vascular control of the nasal mucosa was studied in vivo using reserpine-treated pigs (1 mg kg-1, i.v., 24 h earlier) in combination with pharmacological blockade of alpha-adrenoceptors by local phenoxybenzamine (1 mg kg-1, i.a.) infusion. The nasal mucosal depletion (99%) of the content of noradrenaline (NA) in reserpinized animals was not influenced by preganglionic denervation while the depletion (44%) of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was prevented. Upon stimulation with single shocks, 25% of the arterial blood flow reduction and 47% of the nasal mucosal volume reduction (reflecting contraction of venous sinusoids) were still present after reserpine as compared with controls. In reserpinized animals, the vascular responses were slow developing and long-lasting, and about 60% remained at 0.59 Hz and more than 80% at 6.9 Hz. The vascular effects after reserpine were, however, subjected to fatigue, which may explain why phenoxybenzamine treatment still reduced the functional effects in the absence of NA. Local intra arterial injections of NA, NPY and the metabolically stable adenosine-5' triphosphate analogue alpha, beta-methylene ATP (mATP) caused reduction in both arterial blood flow and nasal mucosal volume. The C-terminal fragment of NPY (NPY 13-36) also induced nasal vasoconstriction although with a fivefold lower potency than NPY 1-36. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate caused a biphasic vascular effect with vasodilatatory actions at low doses and a short-lasting vasoconstriction followed by vasodilatation at very high doses (100-fold higher than the threshold response to mATP). In contrast to the response to NA, the long-lasting vascular effects of NPY and mATP were resistant to phenoxybenzamine treatment. In conclusion, although NA is likely to mediate most of the sympathetic vascular responses to low-frequency stimulation in the pig nasal mucosa, a large resistance and capacitance vessel component upon high-frequency stimulation seems to be non adrenergic and mimicked by NPY rather than ATP. PMID- 3227915 TI - Site of autoregulatory reactions in the vascular bed of cat skeletal muscle as determined with a new technique for segmental vascular resistance recordings. AB - An arterial and venous microcannulation technique was developed for circulatory studies in the cat gastrocnemius muscle which, based on detailed morphological and functional observations of the microvascular arrangement, seems to permit continuous recordings of pressure in arterioles (diameter approximately 25 microns) and capillary pressure. These variables in combination with measurements of arterial and venous pressure and blood flow provided a means of continuous simultaneous recordings of total as well as segmental resistances in defined sections of the vascular bed, viz. in large arterial vessels (diameter greater than 25 microns), arterioles (less than 25 microns), and on the venous side. This new technique was applied to a study of the site(s) of autoregulatory reactions along the vascular bed evoked by changes of arterial pressure over the range 50 150 mmHg. The results indicated that active autoregulation mainly occurred within arterioles smaller than about 25 microns. In larger arterial vessels concomitant moderate active smooth muscle adjustments barely balanced out the pressure induced passive calibre changes, and the venous vessels did not seem to contribute actively to autoregulation, but exhibited a passive change in postcapillary resistance (Rven). The described pattern of response results in quite effective autoregulation of blood flow and capillary pressure (PC). The observed passive Rven change, via its effect on the pre- to postcapillary resistance ratio, seems to explain the fact that autoregulation of PC can be more efficient than flow autoregulation. The study also provided quantitative data for the level of active intrinsic vascular tone in defined consecutive sections of the muscle vascular bed at normal arterial pressure and for segmental redistributions of tone evoked by pressure alterations. PMID- 3227917 TI - Arterial blood pressure at the onset of dynamic exercise in partially curarized man. AB - In six young men, heart rate and arterial mean blood pressure responses to the onset of light dynamic exercise 99 W (range 59-138) on a stationary bicycle were followed during partial neuromuscular blockade with tubocurarine. Tubocurarine was used in order to accentuate the central nervous (central command) influence on the cardiovascular variables and reduced hand-grip strength to 42% (36-47) of control. At the onset of exercise heart rate increased immediately and similarly with and without neuromuscular blockade. Mean arterial blood pressure remained constant during the first 6 s of control exercise and then increased. With tubocurarine a decrease of 9 mmHg (3-12) was seen during the first 6 s (P less than 0.01) before blood pressure increased. The similar heart rate responses seen with and without neuromuscular blockade indicate that central command has little influence on this variable at the onset of dynamic exercise. The constant blood pressure at the onset of control exercise suggests that the immediate changes in cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, respectively, are accurately matched. The decrease in blood pressure at the onset of exercise with tubocurarine suggests that central command stimulates vasodilatating nerves to arterioles in the working muscles. PMID- 3227916 TI - Baroreflex modulation of sympathetic activity and sympathetic neurotransmitters in humans. AB - We raised and lowered arterial pressures with stepwise intravenous infusions of phenylephrine and nitroprusside in ten healthy young men and measured changes of R-R intervals, post-ganglionic peroneal nerve muscle sympathetic activity, and antecubital vein plasma noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y concentrations. Respiratory peak-valley R-R interval changes declined with arterial pressure reductions, but did not rise with pressure elevations. Sympathetic activity was modulated by respiration over the entire range of pressures and, at each pressure, was more prominent in expiration than inspiration. Levels of muscle sympathetic nerve activity were low during supine rest, were suppressed almost completely during small increases of pressure, and were increased proportionally during pressure reductions. Over a range of average diastolic pressures from 69 to 89 mmHg, antecubital vein plasma noradrenaline levels were related linearly (r = 0.86, P = 0.0001) to muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Neuropeptide Y levels increased proportionally with muscle sympathetic nerve activity during pressure reductions, but did not decline during pressure elevations. Our results suggest that in man, muscle sympathetic outflow is modulated finely by small changes of baroreceptor input, and that during pharmacologically induced changes of arterial pressure, changes of antecubital vein plasma noradrenaline concentrations provide excellent estimates of changes of sympathetic nerve traffic to skeletal muscle. PMID- 3227918 TI - Low-affinity uptake of [3H]choline by rat neurointermediate lobe in vitro. AB - Uptake of [3H]choline by rat neurointermediate lobes in vitro was investigated. The rate of uptake showed saturation with concentration of [3H]choline above 120 microM. Lowering of the incubation temperature from 32 to 4 degrees C, or increasing the concentration of K+ in the incubation medium from 5 to 100 mM, diminished the rate of uptake by 83.8% (SEM 6.9%, n = 3) or 43.1% (SEM 13.5%, n = 3), respectively. Following preloading with [3H]choline, a slow efflux (1% of the content every 20 min) of [3H]radioactivity was observed from the perifused glands. This efflux was enhanced 10-fold by increasing the concentration of K+ in the perifusion medium to 100 mM. Neither the uptake of [3H]choline, nor the subsequent basal or potassium-enhanced efflux of [3H]radioactivity were affected by reducing the concentration of Na+ from 125 to 19 mM, or by including 10 microM hemicholinium-3 in the medium during preincubation and perifusion. Replacing Ca2+ by 0.5 mM EGTA during perifusion resulted in a minor decrease (28%, SEM 7.3%, n = 7) in the potassium-enhanced [3H]radioactivity efflux. This decrease occurred only in one of the two high-potassium periods during the perifusion. In conclusion, uptake of [3H]choline by rat neurointermediate lobes was due to a low affinity, saturable mechanism, with the efflux of [3H]radioactivity most likely representing the depolarization-facilitated outflow of [3H]choline. Autoradiography of the tissue sections showed this uptake to be localized to both neuronal and glial elements of the neural lobe, in contrast to sparse labelling of pars intermedia. PMID- 3227919 TI - Serotonergic regulation of canine enteric motility (measured as electrical activity) and absorption: physiologic and morphologic evidence. AB - To explore the effect of serotonin (5-HT) on enteric electrical activity, transit and absorption, four dogs were prepared with 50 cm jejunal and ileal Vella loops. Electrodes for recording enteric electrical activity were attached to the loops and to the main small bowel. After recovery, both loops were perfused with a [14C ]PEG-glucose-electrolyte solution via the proximal stomas, while effluent was collected from the distal stomas and enteric electrical activity was monitored. Control periods were compared with periods when 5-HT was infused intravenously at a rate of 10 micrograms kg-1 min-1 for 60 min. Serotonin increased the mean +/- SEM % of jejunal and ileal pacesetter potentials with spike potentials from 33 +/ 7% and 35 +/- 9%, before infusion to 63 +/- 4% and 61 +/- 5% after infusion (P less than 0.05). Serotonin also induced distally-migrating bursts of spikes in the incontinuity small bowel. The changes were blocked by atropine, but not by ketanserin. Absorption of water, sodium and glucose from the jejunal and ileal loop and transit through the loops was not changed by 5-HT. At autopsy, all layers of the jejunum and ileum contained varicose nerve fibres with a positive immunoreaction to 5-HT, while positive nerve cell bodies were largely confined to the submucosa. PMID- 3227920 TI - Plasma pattern of growth hormone regulates sexual differentiation of phosphatidylcholine in rat plasma. AB - The effects of continuous and intermittent administration of human growth hormone (hGH) in the regulation of plasma phosphatidylcholine fatty acid composition was studied in adult hypophysectomized male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Human GH was given for 7 days, either continuously by means of Alzet osmotic minipumps implanted s.c. or intermittently by means of s.c. injections at 12-h intervals. The 'masculinizing' effect of hypophysectomy on the fatty acid composition of plasma phosphatidylcholine in female rats, i.e. an increase in the proportions of palmitic and linoleic acids and a decrease in the proportions of stearic and arachidonic acids, was to a large extent reversed by continuous administration of hGH, while intermittent administration had no consistent effect. This effect of continuous hGH administration similar effect of continuous administration of hGH was also observed in hypophysectomized male rats. Prolactin had no effect on the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine. Replacement therapy with thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids had a small effect on the proportions of palmitic and stearic acids in plasma phosphatidylcholine. It is concluded that the more continuous secretory pattern of GH in female rats is involved in the sexual differentiation of the fatty acid composition of plasma phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 3227921 TI - [3H]bumetanide binding to the purified putative co-transporter protein. PMID- 3227922 TI - Decreased passage of the nonapeptide dDAVP over the intestinal epithelium during development in the young rat. AB - The nonapeptide 1-deamino-cysteine-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) was gavage fed together with cow's milk whey protein to young, developing rats. The transepithelial passage of dDAVP in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was assessed by a specific RIA as immunoreactive levels in blood serum extracts and as urinary excretion of dDAVP 0.5-8 h after feeding. In 14-day-old rats the passage of dDAVP was higher than in 30-day-old rats, since the 14-day-old rats had significantly higher serum levels (5-10 times) 0.5-2 h after feeding and a urinary excretion approaching 0.15% of the administered amount after 8 h. In the 30-day-old rats urinary excretion increased up to 0.05% after 2 h and then levelled off. It was also clear that 30-day-old rats had a slower transfer to and faster elimination from serum than 14-day-old rats. dDAVP appeared to be passed over the GI tract mucosa independently of intestinal proteolysis since feeding it to 30-day-old rats together with the proteinase inhibitors, soya-bean trypsin inhibitor and pepstatin did not influence the serum or urinary levels. Thus, dDAVP was taken up from the GI tract into the blood circulation and excreted in the urine of young rats. The decrease in the passage of dDAVP found around weaning appears to be related to developmental processes affecting the permeability of the intestinal epithelium rather than intestinal proteolysis. PMID- 3227923 TI - The effect of splanchnic nerve stimulation and neuropeptide Y on cholera secretion and release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the feline small intestine. AB - The effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation and intra-arterial infusion of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on net fluid secretion and release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was studied in the cat small intestine during a secretion due to cholera toxin. Activation of the splanchnic nerves (4 Hz, 5 ms, 5 V) decreased net fluid secretion to 57 +/- 10% of control. Concomitantly, the release of VIP was reduced to less than 50%. Furthermore, close i.a. infusion of NPY (estimated increase in plasma concentration 75 nmol l-1) reduced the net fluid secretion and VIP release to 27 +/- 5 and 28 +/- 4% of the pre-stimulatory value. The correlation between the decrease in net fluid secretion and reduction in VIP release showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.83). These results strongly indicate that the antisecretory effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation during cholera diarrhoea is mediated by inhibition of secretory VIP neurons in the intestinal mucosa. A similar mechanism is also proposed for the intravascularly administered NPY. PMID- 3227924 TI - Anabolic steroids alter the haemodynamic effects of endurance training and deconditioning in rats. AB - The haemodynamic effects of endurance training with or without anabolic steroid treatment (nandrolone decanoate, 5.0 mg kg-1 week-1) were studied before and after a six-week sedentary period in anaesthetized, open-chest rats during isoproterenol and CaCl2 loads. In comparison to the control group (CG I, n = 13) endurance training (TG I, n = 10) increased the resting stroke index significantly, end-diastolic pressure and during CaCl2 infusion the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes. Peripheral resistance decreased in TG I during both inotropic loads but increased in CG I (P less than 0.01 between the groups). After combined endurance training and anabolic steroid treatment (TSG I, n = 16) the haemodynamic state was similar to that in CG I except peripheral resistance which was even higher than in CG I. The heart weight to body weight ratio was significantly greater both in TG I and TSG I than in CG I. After a six-week deconditioning period the haemodynamic values were essentially similar in endurance trained (TG II, n = 10) and in control rats (CG II, n = 12). After the sedentary period, in the simultaneously trained and anabolic steroid-treated group (TSG II, n = 13) stroke index and end-diastolic volume decreased more during isoproterenol load when compared with TG II or CG II (P less than 0.05 between the groups). Peripheral resistance was higher in the TSG II than in the two other groups. In conclusion, the enhanced pumping performance of the heart by increased left ventricular diastolic filling after endurance training is attenuated by simultaneous anabolic steroid treatment which further increases the peripheral resistance. Detraining reversed the main training effects in six weeks and simultaneous anabolic steroid treatment led to a decreased left ventricular filling and to elevated peripheral resistance after the sedentary period. PMID- 3227925 TI - The cardiovascular effects of deconditioning after endurance training in rats. AB - The haemodynamic effects of endurance training and physical deconditioning were studied in anaesthetized rats using aortic and left ventricular pressure recordings and volume measurements by thermodilution method during isoproterenol and CaCl2 loads. The resting stroke volume was significantly larger in the training group (TG I, n = 10) than in the control group (CG I, n = 13). During the CaCl2 infusion stroke index, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes increased in the TG I, but decreased in the CG I. Both isoproterenol and CaCl2 decreased systemic vascular resistance in the TG I, but increased it in the CG I. After a six-week deconditioning following training period (TG II, n = 10) stroke index, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes decreased during CaCl2 and isoproterenol infusions similarly to the control deconditioning group (CG II, n = 12). These responses differed significantly from those observed in the TG I. Peripheral resistance increased in both the CG II and the TG II. Cardiac hypertrophy observed during training was partly reversed after the deconditioning period. In conclusion, endurance training improves the pumping performance of the rat heart by enhancing the diastolic filling of the left ventricle and decreasing peripheral resistance during inotropic load. Left ventricular contractility is not affected. A six-week deconditioning period after endurance training returns the haemodynamic changes to sedentary levels. PMID- 3227926 TI - Myocardial oxygen consumption during atrial pacing at various inotropic levels. AB - In anaesthetized open-chest pigs (n = 15) we examined whether myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) per min increased in proportion to heart rate during right atrial pacing at control, high and low inotropy. By modulating aortic constriction and the circulating blood volume, left ventricular (LV) systolic blood pressure, stroke volume and LV dimensions were kept constant. Examinations at control inotropy (n = 7) showed a linear relationship between increments in MVO2 beat-1 and LV dP/dt when heart rate was increased in four steps, each of 10 beats min-1 from 130 +/- 3 beats min-1 (r = 0.76 +/- 0.08). In a second series (n = 8) heart rate was increased by 36-37 beats min-1 in control experiments, during intracoronary isoproterenol infusion (high inotropy) and after propranolol administration (low inotropy). The increments in MVO2 min-1 during pacing tachycardia were not significantly different at control, high or low inotropy. At high inotropy MVO2 beat-1 and LV dP/dt did not rise significantly during pacing tachycardia. Myocardial oxygen consumption beat-1 increased more at control (6.3 +/- 2.0%) than at high inotropy (diff: P less than 0.02). At low inotropy MVO2 beat-1 increased even more (17.4 +/- 2.8%) than at control inotropy (diff: P less than 0.05). Thus, the increase in MVO2 beat-1 during pacing tachycardia is related to the increase in LVdP/dt and is dependent on the level of inotropy; great increments during tachycardia after propranolol administration and no changes during intracoronary isoproterenol infusion. PMID- 3227927 TI - Lumbar back muscle activity during locomotion: effects of voluntary modifications of normal trunk movements. AB - The mechanisms of adaptation of the trunk to changed mechanical conditions were studied during locomotion in man. The myoelectrical (EMG) activity in lumbar back muscles and the movements of the trunk were recorded in nine healthy subjects during walking and running on a motor-driven treadmill. Two different types of voluntary modifications of the movement pattern were used: (1) The trunk was kept in an extreme forward or backward tilted position. In both these situations the basic EMG pattern with two periods of activity per stride cycle was maintained during walking, whereas a major shift relative to the stride cycle (25% of the stride cycle duration) occurred in running with the trunk tilted backwards. The synchrony of the back muscle activation at both sides increased when locomotion was performed with the trunk tilted forwards. The relative duration of the EMG bursts was similar to normal locomotion and corresponded to 15-26% of the stride cycle duration in walking and 23-37% in running. (2) In the other type of modification the subjects were instructed to exaggerate the angular trunk movements either in the sagittal or in the frontal plane. The basic EMG pattern and phase relationships remained in most cases unchanged. One exception was running with exaggerated lateral movements, in which only one period of back muscle activity per stride cycle was observed. The relative duration of the bursts was longer in trials with exaggerated trunk movements as compared to normal locomotion. In walking and running with the trunk tilted forwards or backwards the lumbar back muscles were not always involved as prime movers of the trunk. This was in contrast to the more dynamic situations, in which the back muscle activity appeared to be directly involved in braking and reversing the exaggerated trunk movements. PMID- 3227928 TI - Separate resistive loading of the respiratory phases during mild hypercapnia in man. AB - Eleven human subjects were studied during steady state, controlled mild hypercapnia with resistive loading of either inspiration (RI) or expiration (RE). Minute ventilation and frequency were significantly reduced by RI (P = less than 0.01) and even more so by RE (P = less than 0.001). Tidal volume was unchanged. Both RI and RE reduced mean flow in the loaded phase - an effect relatively greater with RE. Neither RI nor RE altered mean flow in the unloaded phase. Although mean inspiratory flow was unchanged with RE, mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) was increased (P = less than 0.01). Functional residual capacity (seven subjects) was increased with RE, but not with RI (P = less than 0.05). Five additional subjects were similarly studied with and without RE in whom transdiaphragmatic pressure (PDi) and peak diaphragmatic EMG (EMGDi) were examined. Changes in ventilation, breathing pattern and P0.1 were similar to those described above. Neither PDi nor EMGDi were significantly altered by RE, but with RE, diaphragmatic EMG activity began 50-190 ms before inspiratory flow. In conclusion, ventilation is reduced more by RE than by RI due to greater respiratory phase time. Moderately heavy RE does not augment inspiratory drive as reflected by mean flow, PDi or EMGDi. With RE and increased FRC, P0.1 does not accurately reflect inspiratory drive because of dissociation between EMG and flow. PMID- 3227929 TI - Subcutaneous interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure in dehydrated rats. AB - We collected interstitial fluid for measurement of colloid osmotic pressure (COPi) of normally hydrated and dehydrated rats with two methods: (1) saline soaked nylon-wicks implanted in vivo for 1 h; and (2) the crossover method, i.e. titration with wicks pre-loaded with serial dilutions of rat plasma implanted post mortem for 15-20 min. All wicks were implanted in subcutis on the back. Dehydration was induced by injection of 40 mg furosemide followed by 24 h water deprivation. The saline-soaked wick method gave an average control COPi of 10.8 mmHg, 2-3 mmHg lower than the corresponding pressure obtained with the crossover method. This discrepancy between the methods increased to 10-11 mmHg in dehydrated animals, indicating that the saline-soaked wick method underestimates COPi even more during dehydration than during control conditions. The mean COPi of 22.8 mmHg (SD = 3.7, n = 9) obtained in dehydrated rats using the crossover method corresponds well with what is to be expected from the reduction in interstitial fluid volume. The present study suggests that the frequently used implantation period for saline-soaked wicks of 60 min should be prolonged to 90 120 min. It further shows that the rise in COPi is about 3 times more important than the fall in interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure in restricting mobilization of interstitial fluid during dehydration. PMID- 3227930 TI - Intradental nerve activity and jaw-opening reflex in response to mechanical deformation of cat teeth. AB - Mechanical stress was applied to canine teeth in anaesthetized cats to excite intradental A-fibres and to produce digastric muscle EMG responses. Activity in the intradental sensory units was recorded by two electrodes, one inserted in a dentinal cavity, the other in contact with the gingival sulcus. A pneumatically driven piston was used to cause a mechanical stress (10-150 N) on the stabilized tooth crown for 30 s, with instantaneous onset and release. Application of a load of 30 N produced a momentary burst of impulses in 2 of 12 teeth; 8 out of 10 teeth responded when 150 N was used. Digastric EMG responses were obtained at and above 60 N. Removal of the coronal pulp or cooling of the tooth crown with ethyl chloride abolished this reflex, whereas percussion of the tooth still produced a digastric response. Our results suggest that load-induced deformation of teeth activates intradental sensory mechanisms and a reflex withdrawal reaction unrelated to periodontal stimulation. PMID- 3227931 TI - Increase in proximal tubular fluid reabsorption by renal nerve stimulation. A split oil droplet study. AB - The influence of renal sympathetic nerve stimulation on fluid reabsorption in the proximal tubules was studied in anaesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Direct stimulation with a frequency of 2 Hz was applied, and a modification of the split oil droplet technique was used. The fluid reabsorption was determined as the half time (t1/2) of the shrinking droplet. In the control situation t1/2 was 30.7 +/- 3.4 s. On stimulation at 2 Hz, t1/2 decreased in all nine rats studied by an average of 25 +/- 5%, to 22.4 +/- 2.6 s (P less than 0.01). The decrease in t1/2 indicates an increased rate of proximal tubular fluid reabsorption. The results support the concept that the anatomically established adrenergic innervation of renal proximal tubules participates in the direct regulation of tubular fluid reabsorption, a role which might be important in the control of the extracellular volume. PMID- 3227932 TI - Permeability of renal capillaries. III. Theoretical analysis of hydraulic conductivity, pore structure and electric properties. AB - The functional characteristics of the capillary membranes of rat kidneys were analysed in a computer-based model utilizing previous data on the hydraulic conductivity of the membranes and transport by diffusion, hydraulic flow and ion migration of: inulin, myoglobin (negative, neutral and positive), horseradish peroxidase (negative and neutral), lactate dehydrogenase (negative, neutral and positive) and albumin. The results showed that in the peritubular capillaries the main fluid reabsorption (26.8 x 10(-8) ml nephron-1 100 g body wt-1) occurs through a set of 20 A pores with a total pore area over pore length of 30 cm x (nephron 100 g body wt)-1, whereas the plasma proteins enter the renal interstitium through a few 140 A large pores with a total pore area over pore length of 7.2 x 10(-4) cm and a fluid reabsorption of 1.2 x 10(-10) ml nephron-1 100 g body wt-1. The intramembranous concentration of negative fixed charges in the large pore system was estimated at 20 mM (range 15-22 mM). Since this was accompanied by a potential difference of 0.3 mV, a net driving electro-osmotic force, favouring reabsorption, of 4 mmHg developed. The charges and the electro osmotic force was found to be essential for protein transport, since if the membrane was uncharged, the transport and interstitial concentration of e.g. albumin was twice as high. The glomerular capillaries seem to have a more homogeneous structure, that is in essence a one-pore system; the pore radius was 44 A, the total pore area over pore length 2.8 cm and the concentration of negative fixed charges 40 mM (range 37-43 mM). PMID- 3227933 TI - Effects of adrenal demedullation on stress-induced hypertension and cardiovascular responses to acute stress. AB - Because chronic infusions of adrenalin (A) produce hypertension in rats, it has been suggested that A is a mediator of stress-induced hypertension. In order to test the hypothesis that lowering A will attenuate stress-induced hypertension, rats who had their adrenal medullae removed (ADM) and sham-operated controls were subjected to chronic stress. All subjects were offspring of a cross between spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Prior to chronic stress, systolic pressures were the same in the two groups. The stress consisted of 60 2 h sessions of shock-shock conflict during 18 weeks. After conflict stress, the rats were implanted with arterial catheters and allowed two days to recover. The resting mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 141.2 mmHg in the ADM group and 142.3 mmHg in the Sham group. Cardiovascular responses to acute stress were then examined. The rats were transferred to a test-box and subjected to pulsed foot shocks (0.5-s duration, 5-s intervals) for 5 min. The MAP increase after transfer was 22.3% in the ADM and 4.2% in the Shams (P less than 0.001). After termination of the shocks, the MAP was elevated 22.2% above baseline in the ADM and 8.1% in the Shams (P less than 0.02). Five minutes after foot shocks the MAP increase was 21.6% in the ADM and 7.2% in the Shams (P less than 0.02). Adrenal demedullation was effective in attenuating plasma A during stress and reduced the plasma noradrenaline response. Therefore, the larger pressor responses of the ADM group seem to result from attenuation of beta-adrenoreceptor-mediated dilation of skeletal muscle vasculature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227934 TI - Regulation of spinal cord blood flow in the rat as measured by quantitative autoradiography. AB - Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and its response to alterations in blood gases and to systemic hypotension, haemodilution and barbiturate anaesthesia were measured in 47 rats at the level of Th 7-8 by quantitative autoradiography with [14C]iodoantipyrine ([14C]IAP) as tracer. During normocapnia and normoxia the mean SCBF values in the grey and white matter were 94 +/- 21 and 17 +/- 3 ml min 1 100 g-1, respectively. SCBF was highly dependent on PaCO2. Thus in hypercapnic animals (PaCO2 greater than 9 kPa) SCBF was increased in grey and white matter to 228 +/- 22 and 54 +/- 7 ml min-1 100 g-1, while during hypocapnia (PaCO2 less than 3.9 kPa) it was decreased to 64 +/- 14 and 11 +/- 2 ml min-1 100 g-1, respectively. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was reduced by withdrawal of blood to 80 +/- 8 mmHg in a light hypotension group and to 53 +/- 11 mmHg in a severe hypotension group, compared with 126 +/- 13 mmHg in a control group. There was no significant difference in SCBF between the control group and the hypotension groups, suggesting that autoregulation is maintained down to an MABP of at least 50 mmHg. Normovolaemic haemodilution, with a reduction of the haematocrit from 50 +/- 2 to 33 +/- 3, increased SCBF to 113 +/- 9 ml min-1 100 g 1 in grey matter and to 21 +/- 12 ml min-1 100 g-1 in white matter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227935 TI - Effects of voluntary physical exercise on cardiac function and energetics in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The influence of voluntary physical exercise in running wheels on myocardial function, cardiac oxygen utilization and cardiovascular response to emotional stress was analysed in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. After 6 weeks of exercise, a significant increase in resting cardiac output was found, which was due to an elevation of stroke volume. However, voluntary training for 12 weeks had no effect on resting blood pressure or on the blood-pressure response to mental stress. Cardiac function was also examined in vitro. At a low aortic diastolic pressure, it was markedly augmented in trained spontaneously hypertensive rats. At high aortic diastolic pressure, maximal cardiac function was similar in the two groups. Myocardial oxygen consumption (mumol min-1 g-1) for a given level of external work was reduced in trained, compared with non exercised control spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chronic physical exercise thus greatly improved myocardial function at a subnormal perfusion pressure, suggesting better nutritional supply to the myocardium, probably created by an increased capillary surface area. PMID- 3227936 TI - Optimal and actual end systolic pressure-volume relations in dogs and rabbits. Including new method of Emax determination. AB - Under the assumption that a ventricle and its arterial load are normally matched according to work optimization, a relation between left ventricular (LV) mechanical performance as described by the slope (Emax) of the end systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR), mean systolic pressure during ejection (mSLVP), and stroke volume (SV), is proposed: optimum Emax = E' = mSLVP/SV. Slope (Emax) was obtained, in 6 dogs and 9 rabbits, by establishing relations among ejected volume and LV diameter squared (D2) in control beats, and among pressure and D2 at end systole (ES) in series of beats of varying load, accomplished either by acute aortic constriction (AOC) or inferior caval occlusion (IVCO). Slope in dogs was also obtained by direct measurements of ventricular volume by a conductance catheter and the results were compared with the above method. A dimensionless index, alpha = Emax/E', (optimal value = 1.0) was calculated to indicate how well the ventricle and arterial system were matched. In dogs, E' = 10.9 +/- 2.1 mmHg ml-1, Emax = 8.1 +/- 2.6 (AOC) and 7.1 +/- 2.5 (IVCO), hence alpha = 0.79 +/- 0.23 (AOC) and 0.68 +/- 0.15 (IVCO). In rabbits, E' = 54.1 +/- 20.0 mmHg ml-1, Emax = 64.8 +/- 15.9 (mmHg ml-1), hence alpha = 1.23 +/- 0.33. Alpha = 1.0 fell outside the 95% confidence interval only in experiments of dogs subjected to IVCO. PMID- 3227937 TI - Contractile and metabolic characteristics of creatine-depleted vascular smooth muscle of the rat portal vein. AB - The functional consequences of phosphocreatine (PCr) depletion for mechanical properties, O2 consumption, and lactate production of the rat portal vein were investigated. After feeding rats for 8-9 weeks on a diet containing 2% beta guanidino propionic acid (BGPA), PCr of the portal vein was reduced to 14% of control, whereas ATP was unchanged. No significant change was found in the level of spontaneous contractile activity or the force developed in a high-K+ contracture. Lactate production and the relationship between contractile force and O2 consumption were uninfluenced by BGPA treatment. The force-velocity relation of electrically stimulated portal veins showed no influence of BGPA treatment on Vmax. To investigate whether decrease in PCr influenced the response to metabolic stress, portal veins were exposed to graded concentrations (0.1-0.5 mM) of cyanide to depress cellular respiration. Veins from control and BGPA treated rats showed the same relative decrease of contractile activity and O2 consumption, and the same increase in lactate production. Cyanide treatment resulting in a reduction of electrically stimulated force to 70-80% of the original gave a reduction of Vmax to 85-90%. The relative degree of reduction was uninfluenced by BGPA treatment. Reduction of PCr content thus does not affect the functional properties of metabolism or contractility under normoxic conditions. Furthermore, it can be inferred that the PCr reduction known to occur in smooth muscle exposed to hypoxia (Lovgren & Hellstrand 1985) is not in itself the major factor causing hypoxic inhibition of mechanical activity. PMID- 3227938 TI - Adsorption of coagulation proteins and adhesion and activation of platelets at the blood-solid interface. An experimental study of human whole blood. AB - A procedure is presented allowing detailed studies of the adsorption of coagulation factors from whole blood on to surface. Anticoagulant (citrate or hirudin) was added to fresh venous blood. The blood was incubated in hydrophilic or hydrophobic glass tubes without contact with air. The adsorption of fibrinogen, fibronectin and factor IX was measured with an enzyme immunoassay using specific antibodies directed against these proteins. Adsorption of enzymically active kallikrein was measured using a chromogenic peptide substrate. Adhesion and activation of platelets was measured by direct examination in a scanning electron microscope and by measurement of release of beta thromboglobulin. The results show that the adsorption of plasma proteins at the blood-solid interface is dependent on the anticoagulant used, surface energy of the test surface and incubation time. In experiments using hirudin a specific inactivator of thrombin, as anticoagulant, we found dynamic changes of the adsorbed protein film which could not be studied using citrated blood. PMID- 3227939 TI - Dopaminergic terminals in the rat locus coeruleus: an immunocytochemical investigation. PMID- 3227940 TI - Selective damage of fast glycolytic muscle fibres with eccentric contraction of the rabbit tibialis anterior. PMID- 3227941 TI - The pathology of ligated nerves in relation to abnormal impulse generators. PMID- 3227942 TI - Oxygen deficit at the onset of submaximal exercise is not due to a delayed oxygen transport. AB - Six subjects cycled on two occasions for 10 min at power output of 188 +/- 11 W (means +/- SEM), which corresponded to 70 +/- 2% of their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). The exercise intensity was either increased gradually in a stepwise manner over about 15 min (slow transition-S), or increased directly (direct transition-D) to the predetermined power output. Muscle samples from the quadriceps femoris muscle were taken at rest and immediately after exercise in both trials. During exercise with both D and S muscle lactate increased approximately 10 times (P less than 0.01), phosphocreatine decreased about 50% (P less than 0.01) and ADP increased about 20% (P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences between S and D (P greater than 0.05). Furthermore, blood lactate, O2 deficit, O2 debt, and the calculated increase in muscle content of inorganic phosphate (Pi) were all similar between D and S (P greater than 0.05). It is concluded that the O2 deficit and the anaerobic energy utilization is not affected by the rate of transition from rest to exercise. Consequently, the O2 deficit at the onset of exercise is not due to a delay in O2 transport, but may be due to a limited peripheral O2 utilization as a result of metabolic adjustments at the cellular level. Increases in ADP and Pi are suggested to be primary metabolic regulators which activate both aerobic and anaerobic energy production resulting in the O2 deficit. PMID- 3227943 TI - Muscle energy metabolism and electrolyte shifts during low-level prolonged static contraction in man. AB - Seven men performed one-legged isometric knee extension at 5% MVC for 1 h. Total body oxygen uptake amounted to 451 (420-471) ml min-1 and oxygen uptake over the contracting leg to 200 (172-216) ml min-1, with no changes occurring during the 1 h contraction. Venous O2 tension decreased from 29.4 mmHg at rest to 23.1 mmHg with contraction and CO2 tension tended to increase from a resting value of 50.5 mmHg to 57.2 mmHg (n.s.). No similar changes occurred in arterial O2 and CO2 tensions. There was a small but continuous glucose uptake at both rest and throughout the contraction, whereas a lactate release occurred only in the early phase (2 min) of contraction. Muscle glycogen content was 312 mmol kg-1 dry wt at rest, no significant changes had occurred following 30 min or 1 h of contraction. Arterial and venous Hct and Hb values indicated that a flux of water occurred from the vascular bed to the contracting muscle, in which H2O increased from 3.06 l kg-1 dry wt at rest to 3.30 l kg-1 dry wt after 1 h at 5% MVC. Simultaneously potassium (K), was released from the muscle throughout contraction with a mean venous-arterial difference of 0.25 mmol l-1. With a plasma flow of 335 ml min-1 kg-1 wet wt the K loss amounted to 5 mmol kg-1 wet wt or roughly 5% of the total muscle K content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227944 TI - Fatigue during continuous 20 Hz stimulation of the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. AB - The site and mechanism of action of fatigue was investigated in the isolated rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation, with indirect and direct stimulation at 20 Hz and recording of tension and EMG. An equal decay of the subtetanic tension during indirect and direct stimulation, and a parallel decay of tension and EMG, suggested a mechanism of fatigue localized to structures that were 'seen' by the EMG electrodes. A comparison of the responses to sub- and supra-maximum direct stimulation did not show increased fatigue at sub-maximum stimulation. Therefore, the fatigue was probably not caused by an increased threshold of the excitability of the sarcolemma. However, prolongation of the stimulus pulse during direct stimulation from 0.5 ms to 5 ms in the fatigued preparation caused a two-phasic recovery of tension. The initial phase, but not the slow phase, was inhibited by tetrodotoxin (TTX). Thus a recovery of sarcolemma action potentials could explain the initial phase. The slow phase was probably caused by a mechanism localized at more distal potential-dependent sites, probably in the T tubules. PMID- 3227945 TI - Back-leak of pelvic urine to the bloodstream. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to measure the back-leak of pelvic urine to the blood circulation. In normopenic hydronephrotic, dehydrated hydronephrotic and dehydrated control kidneys the back-leak was estimated from a servocontrolled machine which regulated infused saline to keep a present pelvic pressure constant. The disappearance of fluid from the renal pelvis could be measured at different pressure levels, and a pressure-dependent outflow of fluid was found. From these measurements a back-leak conductance could be calculated which proved to be independent of pressure. In the lower pressure range (15-20 mmHg) there was a significantly lower conductance in the dehydrated controls compared with the dyhydrated hydronephrotic kidneys, while in the higher pressure range (25-30 mmHg) no difference was found. From electron microscopical studies the pyelorenal back-leak of fluid in both hydronephrotic and control animals seemed to be most pronounced in the fornix region, as documented by a heavy presence of horseradish peroxidase in the intracellular spaces there. Other experiments with radioactively labelled inulin, which was injected into the pelvic cavity, indicated that most of the back-leak occurred via the renal blood vessels and not through the lymphatic system. The importance of this back-leak was evident from the measurements of the total kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at a slightly increased pelvic pressure, where some of the urine with radioactive tracer flows back to circulation. The back-leak of pelvic urine could also affect the concentration mechanism by removing diluted urine which had flowed over the renal papilla, and through water and urea diffusion increased papillary interstitial osmolarity. PMID- 3227946 TI - Intracerebroventricular and systemic saralasin used to investigate angiotensin elicited activation of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis in the goat. AB - Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of the competitive inhibitor for angiotensin II (AII), saralasin, (13 pmol kg-1 min-1), preceding and outlasting the intravenous (i.v.) infusion of AII (40 pmol kg-1 min-1) extinguished the elevation in plasma cortisol (PC) obtained in response to just the i.v. AII infusion. The corresponding i.v. infusion of saralasin did not visibly influence the AII-induced elevation of PC, whereas bilateral intracarotid infusions of the inhibitor tended to reduce the response. The ICV administration of the inhibitor also significantly reduced the rise in plasma aldosterone (PA) seen as an effect of the i.v. AII. Paradoxically, however, the intravascular infusions of saralasin conspicuously augmented the rise in PA obtained after the simultaneous i.v. infusion of AII. It is concluded that cerebral mediation of the ACTH-cortisol response to systemic AII occurs at sites accessible to inhibition from both sides of the blood-brain barrier, and that also the PA response to blood-borne AII may be to some extent cerebrally mediated. PMID- 3227947 TI - Positive inotropic effect on the rat atrial myocardium compressed to 5, 10 and 30 bar. AB - The contractile activity of spontaneously beating auricular preparations from the rat was studied during and after pressure exposure to 5, 10 and 30 bar in three series of experiments (compression and decompression rate: 1 bar min-1). The preparations were mounted in an organ bath within a pressure chamber and perfused with oxygenated preheated Krebs-Henseleit solution (37 degrees C, pH = 7.45) containing alpha-, beta- and muscarinic-receptor blockers and blockers of the neuronal and extraneuronal uptake mechanisms. No change in chronotropy of the cardiac preparations were observed during or after exposures to the pressures tested. Significant increase in cardiac contractility (20-40%, P less than 0.01) described by the peak tension (Tmax), the maximal velocity of tension rise (T'max) and fall (T'min) were apparent at 5 and 10 bar. Further significant elevations (60-80%, P less than 0.05) in Tmax, T'max and T'min were detected during exposure to 30 bar. The cardiac contractility increased rapidly with pressure, was approximately unchanged during stable elevated pressures at 5, 10 and 30 bar, but was maintained above control values 15 min after completed decompression. Since no change in chronotropy and loading of the preparations occurred, it is concluded that the increased contractility is due to a positive inotropy generated by the hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, it is indicated that this positive inotropy is not related to adrenoceptor activation since the effect was achieved in the presence of alpha-, and beta-adrenoceptor blockade. PMID- 3227948 TI - Physiological aspects of freezing behaviour in willow ptarmigan hens. AB - When threatened, wild willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus lagopus) hens displayed freezing behaviour, i.e. motionless, crouched with head down and eyes open. But while non-incubating hens showed increased heart (HR) (from 229 +/- 18 to 254 +/- 33 beats min-1) and ventilation rates (VR) (from 25 +/- 2 to 31 +/- 4 breaths min 1), incubating hens showed bradycardia (from 208 +/- 40 to 102 +/- 13 beats min 1) and reduced VR (from 25 +/- 2 to 10 +/- 2 breaths min-1), which could be maintained for as long as 20 min. The bradycardia response became stronger as hatching approached. The bradycardia period was interspersed by short bursts of tachycardia and hyperventilation which presumably supplied oxygen to blood and muscles. The bradycardia period was typically followed by a period of increased HR (276 +/- 104 beats min-1) and VR (32 +/- 3 breaths min-1). Atropine abolished the bradycardia response, which was thus apparently due to parasympathetic stimulation. The bradycardia response observed in incubating ptarmigan hens, during forced diving of birds and mammals and during death feigning in other animals are all examples of how emotional stimuli trigger a basic bradycardia reflex. PMID- 3227949 TI - Gastric mucosal electrical potential difference and blood flow during high FFA/albumin ratios in anaesthetized Gottingen mini-pigs. AB - The gastric blood flow and the gastric mucosal potential difference (p.d.) was studied in anaesthetized Gottingen mini-pigs under normal conditions and during increased FFA/albumin ratios. The antrum mucosal p.d. was measured continuously with a newly developed intragastric microelectrode principle. The gastric blood flow was measured with the radioactive microsphere technique: at basal conditions, during high FFA/albumin ratios, and after normalization of the plasma lipids. The antrum p.d., expressed with gastric lumen negative, decreased during the increased FFA/albumin ratios; from -25 +/- 3 mV to -17 +/- 4 mV, (P less than 0.05). A further reduction to -12 +/- 3 mV (P less than 0.05) was observed during the normalization of the FFA/albumin ratios. The antrum and corpus mucosal blood flow values were reduced by 37 and 26% during the increased FFA/albumin ratios, and the gastric mucosal blood flow returned to initial values after normalization of the plasma lipids. The p.d. reduction during and after the increased FFA/albumin ratios could reflect a reduced active ion transport across the mucosa caused by a changed gastric mucosal metabolism. PMID- 3227950 TI - Effects of neutrophil granulocytes on the inulin barrier of renal tubular epithelium after ischaemic damage. PMID- 3227951 TI - Sympathetic modulation of the jaw-opening reflex in anaesthetized rabbits. AB - The influence of sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) on the digastric muscle response to tapping on a front tooth was investigated in 14 anaesthetized rabbits. The reflex response to transverse taps was measured as changes in EMG activity of the ipsilateral digastric muscle. With taps of 1.1-2.2 times the threshold, the amplitude of the digastric EMG response was reduced by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunks (0.5-10.0 Hz) in 35 out of 40 test series. Maximum effect was observed at 6 Hz, which produced an average inhibition of 82%. The sympathetic effect appeared a few seconds after the start of stimulation, and in the range 0.5-6 Hz increased with the stimulation frequency. It was blocked by phenoxybenzamine. The reflex was triggered by receptors in or around the tooth, since it disappeared after sectioning of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) or local anaesthesia of the tooth. Afferent electrical stimulation of the IAN evoked a digastric excitation that was insensitive to SNS. We conclude that the sympathetic inhibition of the reflex was mediated by a local action in the receptor area, probably related to the evoked vasoconstriction. PMID- 3227952 TI - Strength of two- and one-leg extension in man. AB - Two- and one-leg extension strengths were compared in 155 female and male, untrained and trained (eight bicyclists, 38 weight-lifters) subjects and in a polio patient with almost no strength in one leg. On average two-leg strength was 82 +/- 1.3% (SE) of the sum of the strength of the right and left legs (leg strength ratio) with no significant difference between the untrained and trained subjects. In the polio patient two-leg strength was lower than the strength of the strongest leg. A similar leg-strength ratio was found when measurements were made with a knee angle of 150 degrees (n = 128) and 90 degrees (n = 25). The ratio did not change when re-determined after 1 year (n = 9). Moderate changes in the subjects' position during measurements did not affect one-leg strength (n = 13). However, familiarization with the experimental apparatus increased the leg strength ratio from 80 +/- 2.5% to 97 +/- 2.9% (P less than 0.01) (n = 18). In contrast, two-arm extension strength was similar to the sum of the strength of the right and left arms (n = 15). The results demonstrate that two-leg strength in general is lower than the sum of the strength of the right and left legs, and that this phenomenon is found even after intensive endurance or strength training. However, familiarization with the experimental apparatus can increase the relative two-leg strength which suggests that muscle strength in man may be limited by the central nervous systems' ability to activate maximally all synergistic muscles and/or to control antagonistic muscles. PMID- 3227954 TI - Distribution of recurrent inhibition within a motor nucleus. II. Amount of recurrent inhibition in motoneurones to fast and slow units. AB - The maximal recurrent inhibition was studied by intracellular recording from 43 triceps surae motoneurones (tentatively type-identified by the biophysical properties of the neurones) and from 67 medial gastrocnemius motoneurones (type identified by the muscle unit properties; fast fatiguing, FF; fatigue resistant, FR and slow, S). Maximal homonymous recurrent IPSP (RIPSP) and input resistance (RN) were measured at 'resting' membrane potential and close to firing threshold. The 'synaptic current' at the peak of the RIPSP was estimated (RIPSP/RN). At 'resting' membrane potential the RIPSPs increased in the order FF less than FR less than S (0.9, 1.4, and 2.5 mV, respectively). This order was preserved when the 'current' (RIPSP/RN) rather than voltage was considered, although the overall range was much reduced. When investigated close to firing threshold there were no significant differences in synaptic 'current'. This apparent paradox may be explained by systematic differences in firing threshold between motor unit types; it increased in the order S less than FR less than FF (4.6, 8.9 and 13.5 mV, respectively). PMID- 3227953 TI - Distribution of recurrent inhibition within a motor nucleus. I. Contribution from slow and fast motor units to the excitation of Renshaw cells. AB - The relation between the size of a monosynaptic reflex (MSR) to triceps surae and the resulting Renshaw cell discharge was used to evaluate the contribution from slow and fast motor units to the excitation of Renshaw cells. It is, however, difficult to interpret these results in terms of excitation contributed by slow and fast motor units because of the following reasons. First, the size of the MSR recorded in ventral roots is not linearly related to the number of recruited motor units, since larger motor axons contribute more to the size of the MSR than smaller ones. Second, the number of spikes evoked in a Renshaw cell burst is not linearly related to the excitatory input because Renshaw cell discharge saturates in the case of large responses. The contribution of small, early-recruited motoneurones to Renshaw cell excitation is consequently overestimated. Procedures were introduced to deal with these problems. It is concluded that the last recruited motor units (probably 'fast twitch, fast fatiguing') on average contribute four times as much excitation to Renshaw cells as the first recruited ('slow twitch') motor units. PMID- 3227955 TI - Transcapillary albumin extravasation in rat skin and skeletal muscle: effect of increased venous pressure. AB - Plasma-to-tissue transport of radioactively labelled albumin has been used to study the effect of increased venous pressure on transcapillary albumin transport. Venous pressure was increased by inflating a balloon catheter in the inferior caval vein. Plasma-to-tissue transport of albumin was taken as the extravascular distribution space (EValb) for 125I-labelled human serum albumin (I HSA) after 1 h. Venous pressure was increased from 2 to 20 mmHg in the experimental group. Interstitial fluid volume (IFV) was measured as the extravascular distribution space for 51Cr-EDTA. In control EValb was 9.24 X 10( 3) ml g-1 d. wt (SD = 1.28, n = 8) and 3.67 X 10(-3) ml g-1 d.wt (SD = 0.94, n = 8) in skin and skeletal muscle, respectively. Increasing venous pressure raised EValb and IFV in skin and skeletal muscle, but the increase in EValb was about 3 and 5% of the rise in IFV, resulting in capillary reflection coefficients for albumin of 0.94 in skin and 0.98 in skeletal muscle. The low transcapillary albumin transport relative to water transport is compatible with a two-pore model of transcapillary exchange where large pores (250 A) accounts for less than 5.5 and 2.5% of the total capillary filtrate of fluid in skin and skeletal muscle, respectively. PMID- 3227956 TI - Elevated concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine in ultrafiltrate of human liver vein plasma after infusion of amino acids. AB - Intragastric infusion of amino acids causes the release from the liver of a factor with stimulatory effect on smooth muscle. The effect of liver vein plasma ultrafiltrate was tested on isolated preparations of rat fundus. The ultrafiltrates collected after amino acid infusion had a 3-5 times higher stimulatory effect on smooth muscle contraction than those collected from control plasma. The active principle was isolated, purified by different chromatographic procedures and identified as 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). No other compound with contractile effect on smooth muscle was detected. PMID- 3227957 TI - Hyaluronan in the rat with special reference to the skin. AB - The total hyaluronan content has been determined in rats. The animals were frozen and sectioned in a cryostat before digestion with papain and pronase. The hyaluronan content was determined by a specific radioassay and it was found that 250 g rats contained 40-60 mg of the polysaccharide. The recovery from the preparation procedure was close to 100%, as determined from tracer experiments. More than half of the hyaluronan was found in skin, approximately one quarter in the skeleton and supporting structures and less than one tenth in skeletal muscle. Based on calculated lymph flow and lymph concentration of hyaluronan, it seems that a significant fraction of the total hyaluronan in skin (greater than 1%) is removed via the lymphatics in a 24 h period. An attempt was made to isolate undegraded hyaluronan from rat skin by gentle methods giving full recovery in order to estimate the molecular weight of the polysaccharide. Hyaluronan was recovered quantitatively, but as determined from added tracer, it had been degraded. Correction for the estimated degradation gave a molecular weight of several millions for the endogenous hyaluronan. PMID- 3227958 TI - Vasomotor changes in isolated coronary arteries from diabetic rats. AB - Contractile responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha, serotonin, noradrenaline, and potassium were examined in isolated intramyocardial arteries of Wistar rats 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes mellitus by administration of streptozotocin (STZ). The concentration-response curves obtained were compared with those noted in vessels both from age- and from weight-matched control rats. Light and electron microscopy did not reveal any major change in coronary artery wall thickness or morphology. There was no difference in the pattern of vasomotor responses between the two control groups. Contractile responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha, and potassium were significantly reduced, while contractile responses to serotonin and noradrenaline were unaltered in coronary arteries from diabetic rats. The vasomotor responses to noradrenaline and potassium showed a biphasic pattern in control vessels, i.e. contraction noted at high agonist concentrations was preceded by slight, but reproducible relaxation at lower concentrations. In diabetic vessels these relaxant responses were absent. The contraction produced by noradrenaline was markedly enhanced by the presence of propranolol in both diabetic and control vessels. Dilator responses to verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine, papaverine and magnesium were studied in serotonin-precontracted coronary arteries; the concentration-response curves obtained by verapamil and diltiazem were shifted to the right in diabetic vessels. It appears justified to use vessels from age-matched rats as controls when vasomotor reactivity in coronary arteries from STZ-diabetic rats is investigated. The reduction in contractile responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha and potassium, and the reduction or lack of relaxant responses to noradrenaline, potassium, verapamil and diltiazem, in diabetic coronary arteries, indicate a selective modification of the coronary circulation by the diabetic disease. PMID- 3227959 TI - Evidence for a much higher transcapillary hydrodynamic conductivity in the human forearm and lower leg than previously believed. PMID- 3227960 TI - Correlates of addiction-related problems in Kuwait: a cross-cultural view. AB - The promise of adopting a valid and reliable tool for diagnosing addiction related problems is offered by the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Socially determined admissions and poor treatment facilities may have biased the representativeness of our sample, though methodological difficulties were minimal. The ASI was used to evaluate 120 hospitalized addicts in Kuwait's only addiction unit, categorized according to their primary drug of abuse: 61% were alcoholics and 39% drug addicts. Examination of ASI composite scores showed no difference between the two patient groups except in their corresponding problem area of substance abuse. ASI composite scores were similar to the interviewer's severity ratings. Intercorrelations between scores for different problem areas were low. The validity of ASI in diagnosing these problems was unquestionable, but the cross-cultural significance of some problem areas is doubtful. PMID- 3227961 TI - Prospective studies on a lithium cohort. 1. General features. AB - Since 1979, patients started on long-term lithium treatment at the Psychiatric Hospital in Risskov have been followed systematically with recording of clinical and laboratory variables before the start of treatment, after 6 and 12 months of treatment, and thereafter at yearly intervals. By June 1987, 480 examinations had been carried out before the start of lithium treatment, 236 after treatment for 6 months, and decreasing numbers up to 7 years of lithium treatment. The total lithium exposure time was 548 years. The mean lithium dose was 23.2 mmol/d and the mean serum lithium concentration 0.68 mmol/l. These values are about 30% lower than the corresponding values in patients given lithium treatment prior to 1979. About one half of the patients who had gone through the pre-lithium examinations did not reach the 6-month examination. This was because they did not start lithium, or because they stopped it again before 6 months of treatment or before they had reached that point. Thereafter there was a drop-out rate of about 25% per year during the first 2 years of lithium treatment and about 10% per year after 4-5 years of treatment. More men than women left the cohort. PMID- 3227962 TI - Prospective studies on a lithium cohort. 2. Renal function. Water and electrolyte metabolism. AB - A cohort of manic-depressive patients given prophylactic lithium treatment were examined before treatment started and at intervals during treatment for up to 7 years. The mean lithium dosage was 23.2 mmol/d and the mean serum lithium concentration 0.68 mmol/l. The treatment did not affect glomerulus function. Urine volume rose by 10-20% and renal concentrating ability fell by 7-10% during the treatment. These changes were markedly smaller than those found in patients treated previously with higher lithium doses and serum lithium concentrations. High urine volumes and low renal concentrating abilities were not more frequent during than before lithium treatment. Complaints of increased thirst, frequent urination, and nycturia were presented more often during than before lithium treatment. Serum concentrations, urinary excretions and renal clearances of sodium and potassium were not altered by the treatment. PMID- 3227963 TI - Prospective studies on a lithium cohort. 3. Tremor, weight gain, diarrhea, psychological complaints. AB - A cohort of manic-depressive patients given prophylactic lithium treatment were examined before treatment started and at intervals during treatment for up to 7 years. The mean lithium dosage was 23.2 mmol/d and the mean serum lithium concentration 0.68 mmol/l. About 40% of the patients were entirely free of side effects, as compared with 10% among patients treated previously with higher lithium doses and serum lithium concentrations. Tremor complaints were presented by 5% of the patients before and by 15% during lithium treatment. The frequency fell with continued treatment, and after a few years it was not higher than before treatment started. Tremor complaints were positively correlated with age and with the use of neuroleptics and antidepressants. The tremorigenic effects of lithium and antidepressants seemed to potentiate each other. Tremor complaints were more frequent at serum lithium levels over than under 0.7 mmol/l. Body weight increased during the first 1-2 years of lithium treatment and then remained constant. The average gain was 4 kg. Weight gain was positively correlated with the patients' body weight before treatment and with the concurrent administration of antidepressant drugs. The frequency of diarrhea complaints (loose stools, defecation urge) rose from 1% to 6% during the first 6 months of lithium treatment and then leveled off. The frequency rose steeply at serum lithium values over 0.8 mmol/l. During lithium administration about one tenth of the patients had psychological complaints, which might or might not have been caused by the treatment: memory impairment and concentrating difficulty, tiredness and "greyness of life", in a few cases altered taste or lowered libido and potency. PMID- 3227964 TI - Interpersonal dependency, self-esteem and depression in primary alcoholism. AB - This study was undertaken to clarify the relationship between alcoholism and depression by means of the personality traits interpersonal dependency and self esteem. In a sample of 52 alcoholics that met Feighner's criteria for primary alcoholism, the subjects were assessed by means of the Zung Depression Self rating Scale, the Hirschfeld Interpersonal Dependency Scale and the 23-item version of the Janis & Field Self-esteem Scale by Rimee & Leyens. By means of the score on the Zung scale the subjects were divided into depressive vs. non depressive alcoholics. There were no intergroup differences in interpersonal dependency. However, the depressive alcoholics scored significantly lower on the self-esteem scale. The authors suggest that the level of self-esteem in alcoholics is a function of secondary depression, whereas the interpersonal dependency might be influenced by the pathological drinking pattern. PMID- 3227967 TI - The valence theory of Bion and the significance of (DSM-III) diagnoses for inpatient group behavior. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of Bion's hypothesis of valence and the significance of (DSM-III) diagnoses for inpatient group behavior. All verbal statements (approximately 17,000) from 91 patients in 75 small group therapy sessions were assessed according to Group Emotionality Rating System, which contains the (Bion) categories of dependency, fight, flight and pairing. The results confirmed the valence theory, since diagnoses explained 7-20% of the variance in emotional group behavior, while sex and age only explained 1-2% of the variance. The personality disorders of the schizoid/paranoid spectrum had the strongest valence for fight(/flight). The major depressions and the dependent personality disorders had the strongest valence for dependency. Neuroses and personality disorders had a significantly higher (P less than 0.05) valence for pairing than psychoses. Tables demonstrating the valence strength for 9 diagnostic categories are presented. The group culture seemed to modify behavior differently according to the diagnoses. PMID- 3227966 TI - Khat-induced hypnagogic hallucinations. AB - Khat is a plant whose leaves are chewed for their stimulating effect. This effect is attributed to cathinone, an alkaloid identical to dextroamphetamine. Khat chewing is widespread among eastern African and Yemenite populations and is believed to be innocuous. Our experience shows, however, that a substantial number of chronic khat chewers experience persistent hypnagogic hallucinations - a symptom that has not yet been described. Three vignettes illustrates this phenomena, which often interferes with psychiatric diagnosis. Different explanatory models are discussed, among them chronic suppression of REM sleep. PMID- 3227965 TI - Low B12 levels related to high activity of platelet MAO in patients with dementia disorders. A retrospective study. AB - In 35 patients with Alzheimer's presenile disease (AD), 56 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), 54 patients with vascular dementia (VD) and 10 patients with confusional states, age, vitamin B12 in serum, P-folate, B folate and B-Hb were investigated. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyin doleacetic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol were measured. Group differences showed that vitamin B12 levels were reduced in the group of patients with confusional states and SDAT. Five out of ten and 13 out of 56 (respectively) had vitamin B12 concentrations below the lower limit of the reference value (130 pmol/l). A negative correlation was found between B12 levels and platelet MAO activity. The findings indicate that there is a subgroup of patients with late onset dementia that has low vitamin B12 blood concentrations. HVA levels in CSF, usually found to be reduced in AD patients, were normal in this subgroup. PMID- 3227968 TI - A prospective study of postpartum psychoses in a high-risk group. 5. Relationship to psychosocial aspects of labor and delivery. AB - Within a sample of 88 pregnant index women with a history of nonorganic psychosis, the psychosocial aspects of labor and delivery, assessed through personal observation, were studied in relation to the development of 22 postpartum psychotic episodes (PPPs) occurring during the first 6 months postpartum. As compared with index cases not developing PPPs, cases with PPP onset after 3 weeks postpartum had been significantly more anxious, had received significantly less help from the midwife, and their husbands tended to have attended the birth less often. Cases with PPP onset within 3 weeks of delivery had not been more anxious, but their husbands had been significantly more anxious and the midwives tended to have helped less. Early Onset (but not Later Onset) mothers had had slightly more frequent negative reactions towards the newborn, while the husbands in both groups tended to have been more positive towards the newborn than were other husbands. PMID- 3227969 TI - A prospective study of postpartum psychoses in a high-risk group. 6. Relationship to birth complications and neonatal abnormality. AB - Somatic complications of labor and delivery and offspring abnormality were studied in relationship to the development of 24 postpartum psychotic episodes (PPPs) occurring among index women with a history of nonorganic psychosis. The 24 PPP cases were compared with 60 index cases not developing PPPs. Nonsignificant trends were found towards increased rates of induction of labor, fetal distress, instrumental deliveries and offspring abnormality among cases with PPP onset within 3 weeks of delivery. Instrumental delivery was the only complication that tended to have occurred with increased frequency among cases with PPP onset after 3 weeks. PMID- 3227970 TI - The relationship between DSM-III symptom disorders (Axis I) and personality disorders (Axis II) in an outpatient population. AB - The relationship between symptom disorder and personality disorder according to DSM-III was studied in 289 consecutive outpatients. It was observed that personality disorders occurred frequently among the chronic affective and anxiety disorders. The "dramatic" personality disorders were observed especially frequently among patients with cyclothymic disorder, and the "eccentric" personality disorders among patients with a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, social phobia and agoraphobia. Dramatic personality disorder was also common among patients with simple phobia. As expected, a close correspondence was observed between social phobia, agoraphobia and avoidant personality disorder, between substance use disorder and borderline personality disorder, and between obsessive-compulsive disorder and compulsive personality disorder. Even if a relationship was observed, it was not strong enough to warrant a combination of chronic symptom disorder diagnoses and personality disorder diagnoses. PMID- 3227971 TI - Neurological soft signs in Nigerian schizophrenics: a controlled study. AB - The prevalence of neurological soft signs in schizophrenics was compared with that in patients with major affective disorder and in normal subjects. The two patient groups did not differ from one another, but both differed from normal controls in the occurrence of right-left confusion. The paranoid and nonparanoid subtypes of schizophrenia did not differ in the prevalence of neurological soft signs. Schizophrenic patients with or without one sign had similar demographic, clinical and treatment attributes. It is concluded that neurological soft signs are not specific to schizophrenia, but may, in general, reflect the level of obstetric care in a community. However, certain soft signs may be more strongly indicative of neurodysfunction associated with the psychotic state. PMID- 3227972 TI - Lithium, polyuria and abnormal diurnal weight gain in psychosis. AB - We evaluated diurnal weight gain and polyuria among 31 institutionalized chronically psychotic patients receiving lithium and 42 controls not receiving this drug. The patients were weighed weekly for three weeks at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. Polyuria was assessed using mean urine creatinine concentration (MUCR). NDWG was abnormal among study patients (1.9 +/- 1.2%) and controls (1.6 +/- 1.5%) independent of lithium treatment. The variation in MUCR explained about 20% of the variation in NDWG in both groups. PMID- 3227973 TI - Different types of partial hospitalization programs: results of a nationwide survey in The Netherlands. AB - An outline is presented of four characteristically different types of partial hospitalization programs currently operating in the Netherlands. The findings are based on empirical data gathered from a study of 85 institutions active in this particular field. The institutions are distinguished according to the function they perform within the total mental health care system, the assumption being that these programs are capable of fulfilling four main functions: 1) an alternative to full-time hospitalization; 2) a continuation of full-time hospitalization; 3) an extension of ambulatory treatment; 4) a day care or rehabilitation service for the chronically mental ill. A study was made of the differences and similarities between four types of institution specializing in one of the four functions mentioned above. In this connection, the authors have particularly concentrated on staffing, number of places, accommodation, organization, referral, patient population (age, education, diagnoses), treatment (type, duration, drug use) and contraindications. PMID- 3227974 TI - Calcium metabolism and abnormal involuntary movements (tardive dyskinesia) in psychosis. AB - Serum calcium levels were measured in 25 chronically ill psychotic inpatients with involuntary movements, in comparison with 25 otherwise indistinguishable patients without such a syndrome. Those with involuntary movements were significantly more likely to have a serum calcium level below the normal range. These results are discussed in terms of the role of calcium in neuronal dysfunction, and in broader aspects of the general biological disadvantage that appears to characterize older patients with this movement disorder. PMID- 3227976 TI - Berzelius Symposium XI. Transcultural psychiatry. Stockholm, Sweden, April 8-10, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3227975 TI - Differences in adjustment among university-educated men and women. AB - The present study forms a part of a thirteen-year longitudinal study of mental health and examines how university-educated men and women have adapted to an average environment. In basic cross-tabulations, 63 out of the total 356 psychological and sociological characteristics proved to be differently distributed for men and women. On the other hand, there were no quantitative differences in global mental health-illness indicators between the sexes. Fifteen central personality characteristics indicating good adaptation were kept constant. Different scales for men and women were needed for adjustment measures such as: "social position", "level of university degree", "ego strength", "control of anger", "general ability", "norm-dependence". On the contrary, "satisfaction with occupation", "self-actualization in love", "having children", "quality of social background" were distributed identically. Consequently, keeping these indicators constant did not decrease sex-differences. Hartmann's concept of adaptation to average environment proved to be rather difficult to apply in practice. Differences in how men and women adapted in Finnish society were examined in detail. The general adjustment was rather successful but there were signs indicating that the women's adaptation was less successful. PMID- 3227977 TI - The early family situation of Hungarian depressed patients. AB - In a series of fifty depressed patients and 258 controls possible differences in the early family situation as concerns parental rearing practices have been investigated by means of the Swedish EMBU inventory. The results show that the depressive experienced their parents as more "rejecting", more "overprotecting" and less "emotionally warm" as compared to their normal counterparts. PMID- 3227978 TI - Obsessive-compulsive neurosis in relation to parental child-rearing patterns amongst the Greek, Italian, and Anglo-Australian subjects. AB - Obsessive-compulsive neurosis was found to be manifest within a relatively normal (students) population. Obsessional subjects obtained from a clinical sample were compared with those obtained from normal students population on symptom, trait, resistance and interference scales of the Modified Leyton Obsessional Inventory with no significant differences in scores found. Obsessional subjects across three different ethnic/cultural backgrounds (Greeks, Italians and Anglo Australians) consistently rated their parents as more rejecting and overprotecting and less emotionally warm in their child-rearing practices when compared with normal control subjects. The significant differences found between the obsessionals and the normal control subjects are considered as strongly indicative of the psychopathological conditions of the obsessionals found in a normal population and a differentiating factor between the two groups. Two sub classes of obsessive-compulsive subjects were distinguished and compared in relation to their perceived parental rearing characteristics. But no significant differences were found. Thus, the notion that compulsive checkers as opposed to compulsive cleaners emerge from two different parental rearing patterns was not sustained in this instance. PMID- 3227979 TI - Opiate addicts and their perceived parental rearing. AB - A comparison is made between a group of young opiate addicts and a control group on their parents' rearing attitudes. A number of significant differences between the two groups emerged e.g. concerning affection, guilt engendering, favouring self esteem, estimation of school performance, strictness indicating a defective family atmosphere. The presence of a high percentage of alcoholism in fathers of the toxicomanics supports these findings. PMID- 3227980 TI - Child-rearing practices of Chinese parents and their relationship to behavioural problems in toddlers. AB - The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between behavioural deviance and parental involvement in childrearing and disciplinary practices in a sample of 401 toddlers. Mothers of each subject were interviewed to assess for the degree of parental involvement and the disciplinary methods used with the child. A Behavioural Screening Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to assess for behavioural deviance in the toddlers. Results indicated that father involvement in childrearing was significantly lower than mother involvement (p = 0.0001). Although consistent with cultural expectations, both low paternal involvement and punitive types of discipline were significantly related to behavioural deviance. PMID- 3227981 TI - Child rearing patterns in Brazil. AB - Perceived childrearing patterns have been studied in Brazilian samples of college students, normal population and depressives. Furthermore comparisons were made with the original Swedish normative sample, showing the Brazilian parents as more tolerant, affectionate, performance oriented and punitive. As concerns the depressed patients they experienced their parents among others as more guilt engendering, more depriving and less affectionate. The implications of these findings for clinical work are also discussed. PMID- 3227983 TI - Experiences from a psychiatric service to immigrant groups using native therapists. AB - Experiences from an out-patient department giving psychiatric service in their own language to three immigrant groups to Sweden, namely Finnish, Yugoslavian and Greek patients are described. Compared to Swedish patients, depressive disorders and alcohol abuse were much less common among the patients from southern Europe, who instead showed much more of psychosomatic distress. Treatment results were not too encouraging, a negative social situation of the patient was often difficult to change. In the future, the author considers it advantageous to have one psychiatric immigrant department for one nationality at one place and to connect it to an already existing department for Swedish patients. PMID- 3227984 TI - The overseas student: expatriate, sojourner or settler? AB - The Overseas Student can be regarded as a sojourner who lives temporarily in a foreign country and must achieve satisfactory academic objectives within a limited period of time. The "push" and "pull" factors which determine why students study overseas are described. Suggestions are made about the optimum training of mental health professionals and university welfare personnel to enable them to assist overseas students who are distressed. The similarities and differences between a student sojourner and an expatriate are described. There is a need for studies to establish the reasons why expatriates return before the completion of their work contract. PMID- 3227982 TI - Parental rearing patterns and drug abuse. Preliminary report. AB - Results from a controlled study on a sample of 91 imprisoned drug dependents on perceived parental rearing practices using the EMBU and on parental family characteristics are presented. While few differences were observed between drug dependents and imprisoned controls-father less warm and mother more permissive in drug dependent group--comparisons of drug dependents with a general population sample revealed more differences between the two populations: drug dependents perceive both parents compared to the general population group as less rejective, very permissive, their mother as warmer and more overprotective and their father more inconsistent and less favouring them than siblings. Supportive evidence on the dependents' family psychopathology is provided by studying family characteristics. While our findings seem to support the prevailing view in the literature on the role of the mother of the drug dependent characterised by strong emotional bonds and overprotection as well as of the rather emotionally distant father, the question is raised on the contribution of other factors, such as psychopathic personality, on the above findings. PMID- 3227986 TI - Biological psychiatry and ethics. AB - The crucial concept of biological psychiatry - comprising psycho-chemistry, psycho-physiology and psycho-pharmacology and based on a positivistic scientific view - is explanation through the demonstration of causal material connections. Conversely the central concept of the psycho-dynamic schools, based on a hermeneutic-finalistic ideology, is understanding, pertinent to the meaning of psychical symptoms. The two models are not mutually exclusive but represent complementary concepts whose mutual scientific value can only be measured through their mutual utility as basis for etiological research and for the choice of treatment. Since the age of Enlightment in the 18th century the concept of reason in the shape of an unambigous scientific attitude extensively has rendered the ethics redundant. However, our time is characterized by a reaction against this rationalistic concept about science as a substitute for morality. First of all biological psychiatry, based on the methods of the natural sciences, has been the subject of denunciation and underevaluation with deep emotional undertones. The anti-psychiatric movement, the "critical psychiatry", talks about the psychotic patient as the scapegoat, carrying the burden of the relatives conflicts on his shoulders - thus reintroducing the concept of guilt in the debate. The author claims that the relief for this guilt feeling will be found in the paradigme who regards the endogenous psychoses as biologically determined diseases and not simply as reactions to psychological and social strain. The moral-philosophical counterpart to the antagonism: positivism versus hermeneutics is found in the dualism: determinism versus indeterminism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227985 TI - Psychiatric phenomenology across countries: constitutional, cultural, or environmental? AB - Some literature on the significance of culture on psychiatric phenomenology and also literature on psychiatric phenomenology in immigrants, particularly in Great Britain, are reviewed. It is pointed out that paranoid and religious phenomenology is particularly common in some immigrant groups and that this can be understood to some extent as a reflection of cultural factors. In order to elucidate more the role of culture in psychiatric phenomenology in immigrants to Great Britain the socio-cultural backgrounds of the immigrants and in particular the Africans, the West Indians and the Asians are discussed in some details. The phenomenology of psychiatric illness as recorded in a hospital based population of diverse cultural backgrounds in a London hospital was studied to see if any variations across the various cultural groups could be understood in terms of cultural factors. It was found that paranoid and religious phenomenology was more associated with African and West Indian groups for cultural reasons rather than their socio-environmental and racial status in Britain. Paranoia was directed to fellow immigrants rather than to the host population. It is concluded that paranoia and religious phenomenology do not necessarily have the same clinical significance in various cultural groups. It is also pointed out that hallucinations, and in particular auditory hallucinations and First Rank Symptoms of schizophrenia, which have assumed diagnostic significance in some cultures, may not necessarily have the same significance in other cultures. PMID- 3227987 TI - Amino acid transport in human red blood cells. AB - Rafaelsen (1) has proposed a membrane transport model involving transport function deficiencies in affective disorders. The deficiencies of transport concern a group pump as well as a specific pump in the cell membrane. As peripheral blood cells are important for the study of basic features essential to biological transport functions and have been suggested as models for membrane mechanisms in the CNS, a series of studies was undertaken to characterize amino acid transport in the human red blood cell (h-RBC). Five different transport systems were identified by kinetic analysis and studies of inhibition and sodium dependence of transport: the L-, T-, Ly-, ASC- and Gly-system. The T-system which appeared specific to L-tryptophan transport has not been identified in other cells. The L-system for large neutral amino acids and the T-system correspond to the group and specific pump, respectively, of the model of Rafaelsen. The importance of the h-RBC as a tool of biological psychiatry is discussed. PMID- 3227988 TI - Identification of 16 alpha-hydroxy-estrone as a metabolite of estriol. AB - During a study on the uptake and retention of estrogens by uterine tissues in postmenopausal women, evidence was obtained of the presence of a metabolite of estriol, tentatively identified as 16 alpha-hydroxy-estrone (16-OHE1). In view of the recent hypothesis concerning the role of 16-OHE1 as a risk marker for breast cancer, attempts were made to establish the identity of the metabolite. After infusions with labelled estriol, radioactive material with chromatographic properties of 16-OHE1 was observed; insufficient material was obtained for micro recrystallization. After oral administration of estriol, myometrial tissue was extracted, then purified by chromatography and the appropriate fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, monitored at 3 specific mass units. In the women receiving estriol the presence of 16-OHE1 could be unequivocally demonstrated, the concentrations in the myometrium being 6 and 18 ng/g tissue, whereas less than 0.2 ng/g was found in an untreated patient. This identification of 16-OHE1 does not support the hypothesis about its prominent role in human breast cancer. Additional investigations will be necessary to clarify its role in the process of stimulation of estrogen-sensitive tissues under physiological conditions and after exogenous administration of estriol. PMID- 3227989 TI - Premenstrual increase of intracellular magnesium levels in women with ovulatory, asymptomatic menstrual cycles. AB - Intracellular magnesium (Mg) levels regulate several enzymatic reactions and the hypoactivity of Mg has been involved in different pathological states. In addition to other factors, gonadal hormones, too, have been found to interfere in Mg balance. This study evaluates the changes in Mg in women throughout the normal menstrual cycle and those measured at weekly intervals in males. Magnesium and potassium (K) levels were measured in the plasma, red blood cells (RBC), lymphocytes (LC) and polymorphonucleated cells (PMN) of 11 normal menstruating women, in different periods of their menstrual cycle. Blood samples were collected every 4th day. According to the time and LH, progesterone and estradiol levels, they were classed as follicular (Foll), periovulatory (OV), luteal (Lut) or premenstrual (PM). The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire completed by the subjects revealed that no significant symptomatology was present. Four blood samples were also collected from 4 normal males, at weekly intervals. Mg and K were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. LC and PMN were purified by centrifugation on a Ficoll discontinuous gradient. No differences were found in males versus females in the Mg or K contents in the different compartments. In the 4 periods tested, the K levels were constant, in both females and males. The same applies for Mg contents in males. In females, Mg contents, as well as the Mg/K ratio in LC and PMN, showed a significant increase in the premenstrual period compared with the other periods of the cycle. On the contrary, plasma and RBC Mg levels were constant throughout the cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3227990 TI - Effects of injecting antibodies to mouse nerve growth factor into the chick embryo. AB - The function of NGF in chick embryos was studied by injecting antibodies to mouse nerve growth factor (NGF). The uptake of mammalian antibodies into the 8- to 15 day-old chick embryo was followed by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Normal rabbit antibodies (250 micrograms) were administered to the yolk, of which less than 5% was found in the embryo (300 ng of IgG per g wet wt of embryo). The concentration was proportionally lower when 100 micrograms anti-NGF antibodies were injected (40 ng/g). The concentration of anti-NGF antibodies was 1.5 times higher following injection directly into the body of the embryos. The effects of injecting antibodies at days 3-7 were studied in 10-day-old embryos by measuring the diameter frequencies of neurons in sympathetic and sensory ganglia. In comparison with controls, significantly smaller neurons were found in the sympathetic ganglia in embryos directly injected with anti-NGF. In the spinal ganglia, distribution of neuron diameters did not differ between anti-NGF-treated embryos and controls. Finally, the ability of different antibodies to mouse NGF to inhibit the in vitro activity of recombinant chick NGF was investigated. Total block was found at 1000-2000 ng of IgG per ml for most of the antibodies tested, levels not reached when injecting the embryo with antibodies to NGF. We conclude that the main reason for the limited effects in chick embryos by injection of NGF antibodies is due to the low levels of penetration of the anti-NGF IgG into the embryo. PMID- 3227991 TI - Latex beads phagocytosis capacity and ecto-NAD+ glycohydrolase activity of rat brain microglia cells in vitro. AB - Conditions are described which allow the preparation in vitro of pure (greater than 95%) microglial cell cultures isolated from newborn rat brain. Such ameboid cells cultivated in vitro can efficiently phagocytize opsonized latex beads and are capable of ingesting more (100-200 beads of 1.1 micron diameter per cell) and larger (6.4 microns) particles than other nerve cells, such as oligodendrocytes and astroglia. The microglial cells also show an important ecto-NAD+ glycohydrolase activity which is characteristic of phagocytic cells. We noted that the phagocytic capacity and ecto-NAD+ glycohydrolase of these cells were correlated and increased notably during the in vitro culture. Microglia cultivated in vitro appear to be a good model to study the activation of phagocytic properties in the central nervous system and corresponding modulation by natural or pharmacological immunomodulators. PMID- 3227992 TI - Development of postsynaptic-like specializations of the neuromuscular synapse in the absence of motor nerve. AB - It was previously reported that the acetylcholine receptor clusters and acetylcholinesterase appear on embryonic superior oblique muscle cells developing in vivo without motor nerve contacts. The objective of this study was to examine whether some other components of neuromuscular junction also form on muscle cells developing in vivo in the absence of motor neurons. In the present study, postsynaptic specializations such as junctional folds, postsynaptic density and basal lamina were studied in normal and aneural muscles. The superior oblique muscle of duck embryos was made aneural by permanent destruction of trochlear motor neurons by cauterizing midbrain on embryonic day 7; 3 days before the motor neurons normally project their axons into the muscle. Normal and aneural muscles from embryonic days 10 to 25 were processed for electron microscopy. The results indicate that morphological specializations such as junction-like folds, postsynaptic-like density, and basal lamina also develop in the absence of motor neuron contacts. Whether the differentiation of specialized synaptic basal lamina is dependent on the presence of motor neurons was examined by utilizing a monoclonal antibody against heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Immunohistochemical studies indicate that specialized synaptic basal lamina differentiates in the absence of motor neurons. Thus, the mechanism of development of postsynaptic components of neuromuscular junction in this muscle is not dependent on motor neuron contacts. These results also suggest that the postsynaptic cell plays a more active role in synapse formation than previously realized. The results are discussed in relation to the control of synapse numbers by the postsynaptic cell. PMID- 3227993 TI - Maturational influences on perseveration of avoidance and reversal learning after selected brain damage in rats. AB - In Experiment I, 18 weanling and 18 adult male rats received bilateral electrolytic lesions of the dorsomedial or ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, or the hippocampus, while 12 additional pups and adults served as nonoperated controls (n = 6/group). Subjects were observed for perseverative responding in acquisition of a stepup avoidance task, followed by reversal training and extinction. Thirty days later, subjects were retrained and tested in the same manner. During initial training, the numbers of trials to criteria, errors, and latencies on the last 5 trials all indicated significant effects from age, primarily, and surgery, secondarily. After 30 days, surgical effects assumed a more dominant role, with hippocampal and ventrolateral damage producing the greatest extent of response perseveration. Experiment II replicated the essential procedural sequence as Experiment I, but included damage from combined lesions. 24 weanlings and 24 adults received bilateral lesions to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex plus caudate nucleus, or sham lesions. Subjects from this experiment were trained after 7 days or 60 days recovery (n = 6/group). The acquisition results indicated that all independent variables were significant, but only the age effect attained significance in the extinction data. Both experiments point to the profound influence of age at the time of damage in accounting for recovery of avoidance behavior. PMID- 3227994 TI - Binocularly deprived cats are normal in visual discrimination learning in a simple apparatus. AB - Pattern discrimination learning was compared in three groups of cats: reared in normal conditions, reared in the laboratory with opened eyes, and deprived of patterned vision from birth. A four-choice apparatus without partitions was used. The figure of a disc was reinforced with food, whereas a cross, triangle and square were not. All groups reached criterion after similar numbers of trials and errors, indicating that in binocularly deprived cats, simple perceptual and associative learning are not impaired. PMID- 3227995 TI - The orienting ocular-following reflex in pretrigeminal cats with lesions of visual and oculomotor systems. AB - The brain stem was transected in cats at the pretrigeminal level. Additional lesions were placed in 17 cats, whereas 10 served as controls without further manipulation. All received a small dose of amphetamine. The vertical following reflex was evoked by a slit of light or a black bar (1degrees X 4degrees). The stimuli moved along the vertical 'meridian or parall to it up to 40 degrees in the left or right hemifield. A unilateral removal of the superior colliculus produced a loss of reflexes evoked from the contralateral hemifield. In contrast, after unilateral ablation of the visual cortex only in one of 4 cats was the reflex from the contralateral hemifield smaller than ipsilaterally; and after unilateral ablation of the frontal oculomotor cortex, no hemifield asymmetry of these reflexes was found in any cat. The reflexes also survived bilateral ablation of the visual cortex or the frontal oculomotor cortex. After transection of the corpus callosum the reflexes were virtually normal. The data confirm that in the cat the orienting fixation reflex is mediated by the superior colliculus. On the other hand, this reflex appears to be largely independent of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 3227996 TI - The influence of grating contrast on the human cortical potential visually evoked by motion. AB - A cortical potential was evoked by the onset of horizontal drift of a previously stationary vertical square-wave grating (motion-on VEP). The influence of contrast on the principal VEP waves N2 and P2 (peak latencies 180-220 ms and 250 350 ms, respectively) was investigated in five subjects for velocities between 0.3 and 4.1 deg/s, a spatial frequency of 2.6 c/deg and a mean luminance of 17 cd/m2. For low contrasts an ascending linear relation could be found between wave amplitude and logarithm of contrast, and a descending one between wave peak latency and log contrast. The waves remained constant for moderate and high contrasts. The lowest contrast value at which wave constancy occurred (saturation contrast) was determined by a method of least squares. All the data summarized yielded a saturation contrast of 0.058 for N2 and 0.084 for P2. The saturation contrast of the pattern VEP already known from the literature is essentially greater under comparable experimental conditions. PMID- 3227997 TI - Digging as tactics of escape in two bumblebee species with different nesting ecology: Bombus terrestris L. and B. pascuorum Scopoli. AB - Hymenoptera respond to confinement by vigorous and persistent escape behavior. In a field study, workers of two bumblebee species, Bombus terrestris L. and B. pascuorum Scop., were tested in glass tubes plugged by soil at the open end, and with their other, closed end oriented towards the-sunlight, so that the bees could alternate between two escape tactics: photopositive behavior and digging behavior. The bees of both species proved to be able to sdve such an escape task, i.e. to dig their way out of the tube almost without exceptions. However, as expected, workers of B. terrestris, a species nesting in underground cavities connected with the outside world by long tunnels, performed better than workers of B. pascuorum, a surface-nesting species. The workers of B. terrestris started to dig earlier, were digging more persistently and more efficiently, and, consequently, escaped out the test tubes earlier than the workers of B. pascuorum. High intraspecific variability in all parameters characterizing digging behavior of the bumblebees was also recorded. PMID- 3227998 TI - Interocular transfer and overtraining in the rabbit. AB - The possible effect of overtraining on interocular transfer of striated pattern discrimination was studied in Chinchilla rabbits. Over-training did not improve the low level of interocular transfer generally found in rabbits. PMID- 3227999 TI - "Nidus sparing sign" on computerized tomography in intracerebral haemorrhage due to a rupture of arteriovenous malformation. AB - The authors investigated the validity of noncontrast computerized tomography (NCCT) to predict the presence of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) as a cause of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in the acute stage. They found a small iso- or slightly hyperdense nodular or tubular defect devoid of haematoma in its periphery on NCCT in 8 of the 13 AVM cases that underwent both NCCT and contrast CT. This CT finding was named "nidus sparing sign" (NSS). This haematoma-free notch was enhanced on contrast infusion and confirmed to correspond to the AVM nidus surgically and pathologically. In one case with negative angiograms, a small AVM was verified histologically within the tissue corresponding to the NSS. The NSS noted on the NCCT could be of great value in case emergency surgery is needed for comatose patients with ICH, particularly lobar ICH, without enough time left to undergo angiography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurgeons are able to safely perform an evacuation of the haematoma keeping in mind the possibility of a ruptured AVM and if so, the spatial relationship between the AVM nidus and the haematoma. This might also be a valuable CT sign in deciding whether or not angiography should be undertaken in ICH cases. PMID- 3228000 TI - Haem derivatives in subdural haematomas. AB - The oxyhaemoglobin, methaemoglobin and bilirubin concentrations were determined in subdural haematomas and cerebrospinal fluid from 18 patients. The total haem derivative concentration ranged from 55 mumol/l to 13.9 mmol/l in the haematomas and from 0.1 mumol/l to 8.2 mumol/l in the cerebrospinal fluid. Bilirubin was the dominating fraction in haematomas with haem derivative concentrations lower than 1 mmol/l. For haematomas exceeding this value, the bilirubin transforming capacity seemed to have reached a maximum. More of the oxyhaemoglobin was oxidized to methaemoglobin in these cases, a reaction known to release superoxide radicals. The possible pathophysiological significance hereof, e.g. in cerebral vasospasm, is discussed. PMID- 3228001 TI - Early postoperative angiographic findings after carotid endarterectomy. AB - This report reviews the early postoperative evaluation of 70 patients who underwent carotid bifurcation endarterectomy within our department (before patients' releasing). Angiography was performed by femoral catheterization or the retrograde brachial route; three times only digital venous techniques were employed. No complications due to radiological procedures occurred. Postoperative angiographic findings include asymptomatic occlusion of ICA, occlusion of ECA, the presence of mural thrombi, diffuse surface roughness, intimal flaps and kink of ICA. Dilatation of the arteriotomized segment was detected with a high rate of frequency. Postoperative vascular changes are then analyzed in relation to surgical techniques, to early postoperative clinical course and to the occurrence of late re-stenoses. PMID- 3228002 TI - Spontaneous spinal haematomas. AB - A series of 10 surgically treated "spontaneous" spinal haematomas (7 cases with epidural, 3 with intramedullary location), is presented. Symptomatology was rarely acute. Clinical onset was mostly dominated by spinal or radicular pain, followed by severe motor deficit. Surgical outcome was satisfactory in the majority of cases. Age, duration of symptoms, haematoma site and size appeared to have no influence on final outcome. This was significantly correlated only with the preoperative neurological condition. PMID- 3228003 TI - Inability of flunarizine, lidoflazine or magnesium to counteract delayed hypoperfusion after forebrain ischaemia in the rat. AB - Local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) was measured autoradiographically 60 min after 15 min of forebrain ischaemia in rats treated with flunarizine (0.1 mg/kg b.w.), lidoflazine (1.0 mg/kg b.w.) or Mg2+ (600 mumol/kg b.w.) before or at the end of the ischaemic period. Incomplete forebrain ischaemia was produced by a combination of common carotid artery occlusion and bleeding to a mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mmHg. During ischaemia lCBFs in cortical areas were less than 1% of preischaemic values. Neither flunarizine, lidoflazine nor Mg2+ influenced lCBF during ischaemia. Sixty minutes after the start of recirculation lCBFs were decreased to between 40 and 60% of the values found in control animals. None of the instituted treatments improved postischaemic cerebral blood flow. The results do not lend support to the view that calcium plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of delayed postischaemic hypoperfusion in the brain in this model. PMID- 3228004 TI - The great radicular artery of Adamkiewicz in man. Demonstration of a possibility to predict its functional territory. AB - A women in her early sixties suffered from a malignant intramedullary astrocytoma. It had caused a nearly complete neurological deficit extending from the 12th thoracic segment downward. Since progressive tumour growth caused excruciating pain it was decided to remove the tumorous non-functional part of the spinal cord. As the great radicular artery was located in the region of the tumour it was feared that it might have to be sacrificed during surgery. In order to be informed as to its vascularization and the clinical consequence of interrupting it, an anaesthetic agent (Etomidate) was injected through this vessel. This resulted in a temporary increase in the neurological deficit by two dermatomes. Fortunately during surgery the Adamkiewicz artery was preserved. This intervention completely abolished the patient's complaints. PMID- 3228005 TI - Intraspinal pigmented schwannoma with malignant progression. AB - A case with recurrent pigmented intraspinal tumour with malignant progression is presented. The primary tumour grew around the nerve roots T9 and T10, was attached to dura and infiltrated the vertebral bone tissue. On light microscopy it was comprised of monomorphic cells with large amount of cytoplasmic pigment and many large pigmented globoid bodies. Mitoses were not observed. On electron microscopy, in addition to cytoplasmic melanosomes of regular size, macromelanosomes were numerous. The tumour cells were surrounded partially by basement membrane like material. On these bases a histological diagnosis of benign pigmented tumour of neural crest origin was suggested (a possible pigmented meningioma or pigmented schwannoma). The patient got a recurrence one year after the primary operation. Biopsy from the re-operation showed histologically the same type of tumour with more pleomorphic cells. Subsequently, the tumour grew progressively and metastases were observed in the lungs and in the skin. The patient died two years after the primary operation. The malignant progression of the tumour and other reports on similar tumours was most consistent with a diagnosis of malignant pigmented schwannoma and this was confirmed later on with immunohistochemical staining showing positive staining for basement membrane components, collagen type IV and laminin as well as a positive staining for S-100 protein. The present findings show that despite benign histological features these tumours can behave very aggressively and stress the need of more information on this type of tumour. PMID- 3228006 TI - Management of cerebral abscess in adolescents and adults. Experience in the CT scan era. AB - Thirty-seven patients with non-traumatic intracerebral abscesses are presented. Two were not diagnosed during life. Where the possible cause could not ascertained, a metastatic origin was the commonest, followed by otogenic. A variety of causative organisms, including especially Streptococci, Staphylococci and Bacteroides were isolated. It is possible that the most effective treatment was primary excision of the abscess plus antibiotics, but the numbers were too small for a statistically significant difference to be shown. The reasons for recent improvements in outcome of brain abscesses, including more use of CT scanning and refinements in isolation of organisms and in antibiotic treatment, are discussed, along with possible steps towards more improvement in future. PMID- 3228008 TI - Early surgical repair of large intracranial saccular aneurysms. AB - Among 302 patients with cerebral aneurysms admitted between 1981 and 1986, 63 had a large (45) or giant (18) aneurysm with a diameter of more than 12 mm and 24 mm, respectively. 24 of these 63 patients were admitted early after a subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) so as to allow surgical repair within 72 hours. Eight of them were inoperable for various reasons and could not undergo definitive surgical repair and died. 16 patients underwent craniotomy and clipping of the aneurysm. 77% of the patients in preoperative grades I-IV made a good recovery with no or minimal neurologic deficit. During the same period 84% of patients with small aneurysms made a good recovery. The present data indicate, that large aneurysms rupture with a similar incidence compared to small aneurysms; saccular large ruptured aneurysms can be operated upon early with similar results as small aneurysms. However, devastating initial bleeds and poor outcome occur more frequently in patients with ruptured giant than in patients with small aneurysms. Most of the patients with ruptured giant aneurysms are comatose on early admission and cannot be considered for early surgery. Their poor prognosis is further reduced by a high rebleeding rate. PMID- 3228007 TI - Outcome prediction in extradural haematomas. AB - Extradural haematoma (EDH) is generally a condition of young adult males. It represents only a small percentage of the total number of head injuries admitted to a neurosurgical service, but it must be differentiated from simple concussion, and this means that it is considered in a large number of patients. EDH has the potential for a low mortality rate because of its extraaxial location, but in practice it is approximately 10%. Our results show that about 40% of EDH present with vomiting or nausea and no focal neurological signs. Skull X-ray does not aid in the diagnosis as approximately 35% are reported as being normal. There is a place for conservative treatment of EDH but only if the shift of the midline is minimal (less than 5 mm). A score has been developed to predict accurately a patient's outcome after suffering an EDH. This score includes the Glasgow Coma Scale, pupillary reaction and initial CT scan appearance, and has an accuracy of 88%. PMID- 3228009 TI - The impact of rebleeding on the life time probabilities of different outcomes in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. A theoretical evaluation. AB - In order to strengthen patient-information a theoretical evaluation of the impact of rebleeding on the life time probabilities of different outcomes in patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has been made using a life table method. The calculations were performed for SAH-presenting ages from 20 to 70 years assuming a rate of rebleeding of 50% in the first 6 months after the initial bleeding with a mortality rate of 70%, and the following years an annual rate of rebleeding of 3%, and with a mortality rate of 60%. A survey of the life time probabilities of the 4 different outcomes after an aneurysmal SAH shows the great life time reducing effect of rebleedings in all SAH-presenting ages. PMID- 3228010 TI - Assessment of the immune status in patients with cluster headache. Frequency of immunocompetent cells and analysis of Salmonella spontaneous binding to peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 3228011 TI - Failure to detect antibodies to HTLV-I in serum and CSF of 50 multiple sclerosis patients. PMID- 3228012 TI - Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. Report of two cases. PMID- 3228013 TI - Patterns of verbal memory impairment in dementia. Alzheimer disease versus multinfarctual dementia. PMID- 3228014 TI - Unilateral and bilateral occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery. PMID- 3228015 TI - Value of the computertomographic findings in predicting the histological malignancy of cerebral gliomas. PMID- 3228016 TI - Diagnosis of quadrigeminal plate arachnoid cyst with CT and NMR. A case report. PMID- 3228018 TI - Mechanisms of physical and emotional stress. Based on the proceedings of an NIH symposium. November 6-8, 1986, Bethesda, Maryland. PMID- 3228017 TI - Recurrent facial palsies due to an anomalous posterior inferior cerebellar artery. PMID- 3228019 TI - Glucocorticoid antagonists and the role of glucocorticoids at the resting and stress state. PMID- 3228020 TI - Temperamental influences on reactions to unfamiliarity and challenge. PMID- 3228021 TI - Individual differences and the stress response: studies of a wild primate. PMID- 3228022 TI - The psychology of stress: run silent, run deep. PMID- 3228023 TI - [Serum secretory IgA level in patients with Behcet's disease]. PMID- 3228024 TI - [The relationship between "capsular Shagreen" and lens epithelium]. PMID- 3228025 TI - [Short-term corneal endothelial changes following posterior chamber lens implantation]. PMID- 3228026 TI - [Photocoagulation for preproliferative diabetic retinopathy and changes in macular lesions]. PMID- 3228027 TI - [Ocular manifestations of childhood leukemia]. PMID- 3228028 TI - [Histopathological study of the effects of photocoagulation on the retina and choroid with various wavelengths of dye laser]. PMID- 3228029 TI - [Studies on intraocular penetration of NY-198 (Lomefloxacin) eye drops]. PMID- 3228030 TI - [Theoretical photographic density changes in Scheimpflug photography of cataract]. PMID- 3228032 TI - [Electrophysiological study on central retinal functions in retinitis pigmentosa]. PMID- 3228031 TI - [The influence of melanin on intraocular dynamics]. PMID- 3228033 TI - [Typical traumatic retinal detachment]. PMID- 3228034 TI - [Refractive fluctuation under a lack of accommodation stimulus]. PMID- 3228035 TI - [Complicated cataract and secondary glaucoma in the chronic stage of Harada's disease]. PMID- 3228036 TI - [Proliferative ability of lens epithelial cells in cataracts in 50% galactose chow-fed rats]. PMID- 3228037 TI - [Electrophysiological studies on visual toxicity of toluene]. PMID- 3228038 TI - [Bursa premacularis]. PMID- 3228039 TI - [Optic disc measurements in normal subjects by computerized image analysis]. PMID- 3228040 TI - [Hemodynamics in the choriocapillaris in pulseless disease]. PMID- 3228041 TI - Allergy to cockroach antigens in patients with peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis. AB - Cockroach allergy was investigated in 10 patients with the endoscopic diagnosis of peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis, all with positive skin reactions to Blatella germanica extract. In all the cases examined, the total serum IgE level was raised, specific serum IgE detectable and both the increased number of eosinophils and IgE-bearing cells found in biopsy specimens of gastric and/or duodenal tissues. The direct provocation test of the gastric mucosa, done under fiberoscopic control, was positive in all patients, in which the immediate oedematous and haemorrhagic reaction was observed after allergen challenge. Seven patients reacted also a few minutes later with abdominal pains and/or nasal and conjunctival manifestations. The provocation with the same cockroach extracts was negative in 4 control patients with peptic ulcers but without symptoms of allergy. In the authors' opinion, cockroach antigens, like other food and inhalant allergens, may be partly responsible for the chronic inflammatory processes as well as ulcerations of gastroduodenal tissues in predisposed persons. PMID- 3228042 TI - Contribution to the etiopathogenesis of urticaria in children. AB - For hundreds of years urticaria has been an intriguing problem for researchers. Together with angioedema it constitutes a common condition that affects 20% of the general population. The etiologic diagnosis is obtained in a variable percentage of cases, according to the different studies published. The clinical course and the association with angioedema are also variables in the different works. It was the diversity of results that led us to undertake the present study. We selected 161 histories of children who came to our department of allergology; these children whose ages ranged from 1-12 years were diagnosed of urticaria and/or angio edema. The number of males was slightly higher than females and the most affected age group was that between 7-12 years. The acute and acute intermittent forms predominated especially in atopic children, highly associated with angioedema; chronic urticaria was less frequent. Within the etiologic factors, food allergy played an important role, followed by drug allergy. It was not possible to reach an etiologic diagnosis in 39.13% of cases. PMID- 3228043 TI - Serum neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) during aspirin-induced urticaria and angioedema. AB - In order to establish the role of mast cells in aspirin-induced urticaria and angioedema, neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) in serum was assayed using the method of Nelson before and after aspirin challenge. In 14 (82.4%) persons sensitive to aspirin an increase in NCA during aspirin-induced urticaria and angioedema was observed and in 9 of them (52.9%) it was considerable (index NCA greater than or equal to 2.0). None of the 18 persons from the control group with idiopathic urticaria and/or angioedema but without aspirin-sensitivity exhibit an increase in NCA after aspirin challenge. The author assumes that mast cell degranulation does occur in aspirin-induced urticaria and angioedema. PMID- 3228044 TI - Hydrophobic probe's fluorescence intensity. 3-methoxybenzanthrone (3-MBA) in bronchial asthma and urticaria patients lymphocyte membranes. AB - The intensity of fluorescence (IF) of the 3-methoxybenzantrone (3-MBA) probe in blood lymphocyte membranes was determined in bronchial asthma and urticaria patients. A marked drop in IF was revealed during acute stages in the patients with atopic and infectious-allergic bronchial asthma and aspirin intolerance asthma. In the remission stage, the normalization or approach to normal IF levels takes place in these patients. In patients with allergic urticaria there are similar changes. In patients with pseudo-allergic urticaria an opposite type of change is observed a rise in IF in the aggravation stage and partial or full approach to standard in the remission stage. We concluded that changes in the average IF do not depend so much on changes in the ratio T- and B-lymphocytes as they do on the changes in the physical state of their membranes and that this physical state differs from each other in allergic and pseudo-allergic urticaria. The 3-MBA probe may be used for the differential diagnosis of allergic and pseudo allergic urticaria. PMID- 3228045 TI - On the pollen morphology and frequency of allergic sensitization in Sicily of the genus Salsola L. (Chenopodiaceae). AB - The pollen morphology of the genus Salsola L. (Chenopodiaceae) and the distribution of the plant in Italy was described and the frequency of sensitization in a population of allergic patients was studied. Sensitization to Salsola was present in 13.7% of 343 allergic patients. This sensitization has always been observed in association with other pollens except for one case. The importance of this sensitization in the Mediterranean areas was emphasized considering the common frequency of Chenopodiaceae sensitization and the very frequent cross-reactivity within the same family and between Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae. PMID- 3228046 TI - Comparative study of progesterone, estradiol and cortisol concentrations in asthmatic and non-asthmatic women. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the concentrations of the sex steroids estradiol and progesterone as well as those of cortisol, and the relationships between them in asthmatic and normal women. Blood samples were taken on the 5th day and 21st day of the menstrual cycle. It was found that at least one of the hormones was out of normal range in 80% of asthmatic women. It was possible to differentiate three groups of patients according to the plasma concentrations of progesterone on the 21st day of the cycle: (1) normal concentration of progesterone (56.7%): (2) concentration below the normal limits but still with the characteristic increase of the 21st day (16.8%): and (3) very low concentrations of progesterone, similar to those concentrations of the follicular phase (26.5%). The fact that there is a high number of asthmatic patients with at least one hormone out of the normal range of concentration whereas in the control group only one was found suggests that the occurrence of bronchial asthma is associated in a high proportion with abnormalities in the production or metabolism of steroid hormones in women during their reproductive life. PMID- 3228047 TI - Immunology of atopic dermatitis. AB - Thirty-two adult patients with atopic dermatitis were studied at the Allergology Service of the "Hnos. Ameijeiras" Clinical Surgical Hospital. The diagnosis was established following the criteria of Hanifin and Lobitz. A detailed medical history was written for the patients; the study of some immunological parameters, such as the serum immunoglobulin quantification, delayed skin tests with a battery of antigens, and the spontaneous rosette-test, was also carried out. Almost all the patients showed serum IgE values above 150 UI, by means of the ELISA test modified by C.E.N.I.C. The mean values of the spontaneous rosette-test were low; this was more noticeable during the exacerbation period of the lesions. Candida sp, Mantoux and Streptokinase-Streptodornase antigens showed negative results in a high proportion of patients with atopic dermatitis, in relation with the control group. In atopic dermatitis, there are humoral disorders of immunity; this was demonstrated in our group by increased values of IgE and cellular disorders due to skin anergy, and to a low percentage of rosette forming cells; this does not allow to state that these phenomena have an active participation in the etiopathogenesis of this entity. PMID- 3228048 TI - Primary immunodeficiency in Colombian children. AB - Eighty-three patients with diagnosis of immunodeficiency were studied, antibody deficiency disorders were the most common 74.6%, abnormalities of unspecific mechanisms in 13.3% and deficiencies of cell mediated immunity in 9.6% of patients. Selective IgA deficiency was the most common of the humoral defects, 28 patients, the others were IgM and IgG selectives deficiency. The mortality was 6%, specially in patients with cellular deficiency. Immunodeficiencies are one of most common genetic diseases, needing appropriate diagnosis, treatment and developing centers with advanced technology. PMID- 3228049 TI - Cat sensitization provoking asthma and pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia. AB - We report a patient who developed asthma associated with exposure to cats. During his evolution he presented pulmonary infiltrates accompanied by eosinophilia in blood and sputum, hemoptysis and flu-like symptoms. The sera contained specific IgE and precipitating antibodies to cat epithelium. After a year without contact with cats, precipitating antibodies were negative, and a bronchial provocation test only demonstrated an immediate response. PMID- 3228050 TI - Aspirin "desensitization" in patients with aspirin-induced urticaria and angioedema. AB - The study was performed on 22 patients with sensitivity to aspirin which manifested as urticaria and angioedema. Sensitivity to aspirin was established based on the anamnesis of urticaria and angioedema occurring after ingestion of aspirin and oral challenge tests with acetylsalicylic acid. At first, the threshold dose of aspirin in all patients and additionally of indomethacin in 12 patients was established. Aspirin "desensitization" was induced by administering increasing doses of acetylsalicylic acid every 24 hr until a good tolerance of 600 mg was obtained. The following day after the ingestion of 600 mg acetylsalicylic acid, 12 patients received 50 mg indomethacin. A good tolerance of 600 mg aspirin was achieved in all examined patients and 50 mg of indomethacin was also well tolerated. The authors assume that mechanism of urticaria and angioedema type of sensitivity to aspirin has the same pathogenic background as aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction. PMID- 3228051 TI - Hypersensitivity to wheat flour in bakers. AB - Eleven bakers and 4 pastry cooks with hypersensitivity to wheat flour underwent skin tests to flours (wheat, barley, rye, oats), pollens (wheat, barley, rye, oats, grasses), mites (dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farinae), molds (alternaria, aspergillus) and weeds (parietaria judaica). The levels of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE) were studied and the values of specific IgE (RAST) in the presence of wheat flour and the histamine release test for wheat flour, grass pollens, mites, molds and weeds were assessed. All the patients underwent a nasal challenge test to wheat flour. The results demonstrated the existence of cross reactions between the extracts of barley and rye flour with wheat flour (15/15) as well as between the pollens of cereals and cereal flours. The levels of specific IgE (PRU greater than .35) and the percentages of histamine release (greater than 10%) were positive in 14/15 cases. The nasal challenge test was positive for all the 15 patients under study. Of the patients studied, 11 received immunotherapy for periods ranging from 12 to 18 months. Of these patients, 9/11 continued working in the same occupation whereas the 2 who left their jobs in the industry corresponded to the cases of severe asthma which were polysensitized (flour, mites, molds). PMID- 3228052 TI - Antigens of Timothy and other grass pollen extracts identified by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Using a series of monoclonal antibodies raised against pollen extract of timothy grass pollen (Phleum pratense) we identified individual (species-specific) and cross-reactive epitopes shared by different grass and tree pollens in EIA experiments. These epitopes are heterogenously distributed as detected by means of immunoblotting. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis experiments revealed binding of monoclonal antibodies to major allergens of timothy grass pollen extract. PMID- 3228053 TI - Some aspects of the allergy to cow's milk. Morphological alterations of the jejunal mucosa. AB - Forty-four patients were studied at the Allergology and Pediatric Outpatient Services of the "Centro Habana" Pediatric Hospital. Allergy to cow's milk was demonstrated in these children by means of a detailed medical history, suppression diet and reexposition, lactose tolerance test, intradermal skin tests with casein extracts and the remaining proteins of cow's milk; finally, a careful study of the jejunal mucosas by means of biopsy was carried out, according to Townley and Barnes' method with a Crosby capsule. The skin reactivity was evident in children with allergy to cow's milk with tested extracts, mainly casein; in the control group this result was scarce or nil. Likewise, it was verified that there are morphological changes in the jejunal mucosa of children with allergy to cow's milk; these changes consist of partial atrophy of the villi, increase in the cell-infiltrate of the lamina propria and patchy areas. Our results are compared with the studies carried out by other authors and were statistically assessed. PMID- 3228055 TI - Anemophilus fungi in the western Brazilian Amazon basin. AB - The prevalence of anemophilus fungi was studied in three small towns located at the Brazilian border with Colombia and Venezuela (a hot and humid zone) during the month of July. On a single collection carried out in different spots, colonies were cultivated which could be attributed to eighteen different species of anemophilus fungi with predominance of Mucor (64%), Candida (55%), Rhodotorula (38%) and Penicillum (38%). The alternaria species, a very potent airbone allergen, was found only in one of the three collection spots with high prevalence of respiratory tract allergies. PMID- 3228054 TI - Impaired monocyte function in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - A study was carried out on the chemotactic capacity and monocyte adherence in 11 patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC); 26 cases of Alcoholic Liver Disease (CALD); 18 cases of Chronic Active Hepatitis (CAH) and 43 controls. Overall, the chemotactic response was depressed in all patients and was correlated with the degree of hepatic affectation only in the CALD and CAH cases. In PBC, a chemotactic defect could be observed against all the chemoattractant agents employed, the sera from these patients being unable to inhibit the movement of control monocytes. In contrast, in CADL and CAH no disturbance was observed in locomotion against homologous activated serum whereas the serum of those patients was able to inhibit the chemotaxis of control monocytes. The adherence capacity was only depressed in the PBC patients. Our results suggest that in PBC there is a functional monocyte disturbance which in contrast to the situation in other hepatopathies, seems to be primary and may arise at the cellular level. PMID- 3228056 TI - Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. AB - The Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome consists of recurrent edema of the lips, intermittent facial edema and a furrowed tongue. This is the classic triad which defines the syndrome, although it is accepted that the presence of two manifestations is sufficient to make the diagnosis. Distribution is universal although the majority of the cases are described in the European literature. The case of a 37 year-old female is presented. She came to consult for persistent edema of the upper lip, of a three-year duration, which started abruptly without any clear etiologic correlation with acute episodes that disappear spontaneously or with corticoid treatment. Associated symptoms included migraine headaches which started years earlier. The complimentary examinations were normal except for a mild elevation of the sedimentary rate, and the biopsy was compatible with granulomatous cheilitis. In conclusion, MRS has to be considered as a diagnostic possibility in a patient who consulted for recurrent edema associated with other dermatologic and neurologic manifestations, although not necessarily having the complete triad. PMID- 3228057 TI - Phagocytosis of microspheric hydrophile particles (MSHP) by peripheral blood glass-adherent phagocytes of newborns. AB - The phagocytic activity of glass-adherent peripheral blood leukocytes of 58 healthy term newborns and 19 adult donors was examined using a micromethod employing a new type of synthetic hydrophilic particles based on 2 hydroxyethylmethacrylate. It was found that both the proportion of actively phagocytosing cells and the number of engulfed particles within the cells was significantly lower in neonates as compared with adults. PMID- 3228058 TI - Immunostimulating agents against influenza virus infection in senescent rats. AB - This study investigated the nonspecific immunomodulatory effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on virus infection of the respiratory tract in Fischer-344 rats. Groups of young adult (12-16 months old) and aged (24-30 months old) rats were given BCG or MDP intranasally or vitamin C orally 6 weeks and again 3 days before an intranasal challenge with influenza virus A/Bangkok/H3N2 (10(6) 50% EID). Titers of hemagglutinin in lung homogenates and the presence of leukocytes in the respiratory tracts served as indices of infection. Lung macrophage functions of animals were determined by measuring random migration and phagocytic yeast cell killing in vitro. Clearance of Staphylococcus aureus from the respiratory tracts of the animals was also measured 4 hours after challenge. - Following BCG treatment, significantly fewer animals developed virus infection. MDP and vitamin C treatments also reduced the numbers of infected rats but did not differ significantly from the untreated control groups. BCG and MDP treatments significantly reduced the numbers of lung leukocytes in virus infected animals. Mean virus titers in the lung homogenates were significantly lower in all treatment groups by the third day of infection. Following all treatments, duration of virus infection was significantly shorter in the aged compared to the young adult groups. Lung macrophage functions increased in all treatment groups. The improvement of aged groups over their controls was greater than that of the young adults compared to their controls. BCG had the greatest protective effects in both the young adult and aged animals; MDP and vitamin C, in that order, were less effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228059 TI - Hypnosis in the management of postherpetic neuralgia: three case studies. PMID- 3228060 TI - Hypnotic intervention with accident victims during the acute phase of posttraumatic adjustment. PMID- 3228061 TI - Hypnotic and nonhypnotic control of ventilation. PMID- 3228062 TI - Comparison of self-directed and tape-assisted self-hypnosis. PMID- 3228063 TI - Hypnosis in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: an isomorphic intervention. PMID- 3228064 TI - Autohypnotic resolution of an incipient relapse in an integrated multiple personality disorder patient: a clinical note. PMID- 3228065 TI - A new hypnobehavioral method for the treatment of children with Tourette's disorder. PMID- 3228066 TI - Effects of exposure to ethylene glycol ethers on shipyard painters: I. Evaluation of exposure. AB - An industrial hygiene survey was performed to characterize exposure of shipyard painters to 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE) and 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME). One hundred and two samples were taken over six workshifts. Overall results showed that the time weighted average (TWA) of airborne exposure to 2-EE ranged from 0-80.5 mg/m3 with a mean of 9.9 mg/m3 and a median of 4.4 mg/m3. Samples for 2-ME TWA ranged from 0 17.7 mg/m3 with a mean of 2.6 mg/m3 and a median of 1.6 mg/m3. Limitations of the sampling and a few prior measurements suggest that these data may underestimate usual or previous exposure. These data are discussed in the context of available data on airborne exposure to ethylene glycol ethers from other workplaces. PMID- 3228067 TI - Effects of exposure to ethylene glycol ethers on shipyard painters: II. Male reproduction. AB - To determine whether 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE) and 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) affected the reproductive potential of exposed men, we examined the semen of 73 painters and 40 controls who work in a large shipyard. An industrial hygiene survey was performed to characterize the work environment. The men supplied information on demographic characteristics, medical conditions, personal habits, and reproductive history; underwent a physical examination; and provided a semen sample. Semen samples were analyzed for pH, volume, turbidity, liquidity, viability by stain exclusion and hypo-osmotic stress, sperm density and count per ejaculate, motility using a videotape technique, morphology, and morphometry. Serum was analyzed for testosterone, FSH, and LH. The industrial hygiene survey revealed that the painters were exposed to 2-EE at a time-weighted average (TWA) of 0-80.5 mg/m3 with a mean of 9.9 mg/m3, and to 2-ME at a TWA of 0-17.7 mg/m3 with a mean of 2.6 mg/m3. Painters had an increased prevalence of oligospermia and azoospermia and an increased odds ratio for a lower sperm count per ejaculate, while smoking was controlled. This finding is consistent with prior animal studies and with one human study. Potential biases and confounding of the data are discussed. PMID- 3228068 TI - Between- and within-reader variability in the assessment of pleural abnormality using the ILO 1980 international classification of pneumoconioses. AB - Although there are published data concerning reader variability in the assessment of parenchymal pneumoconiotic changes using the ILO Classification of Radiographs, nothing has been published on reader variability with regard to pleural abnormalities. Therefore, in the context of an epidemiologic study, we assessed between- and within-reader variability in the reading of chest radiographs for pleural abnormality using the ILO 1980 International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses. Chest radiographs of 182 insulation workers interspersed with 24 subjects without documented exposure to asbestos were assembled and read blindly by two readers, reading separately on two occasions, 1 week apart. The results of this study suggest that confident separation of pleural plaques and diffuse pleural thickening may be difficult to achieve using the present guidelines of the ILO 1980 classification. In the evaluation of the width of chest wall pleural abnormality, within-reader agreement improves as the width increases, while between-reader agreement was much less satisfactory. Excellent agreement is obtained in the evaluation of other sites, especially costophrenic angle obliteration and the presence of pleural calcification. PMID- 3228069 TI - Occupational health services in South African manufacturing industries: a pilot survey. AB - A pilot survey of the distribution and content of occupational health services in South African manufacturing industries was carried out in the Germiston area of the Witwatersrand using the records of the Workmens' Compensation Commissioner as a sampling frame. All establishments with 50 or more workers and a stratified random sample of smaller ones (495 in all) were contacted. The overall response rate was 56% and was positively related to work force size, the larger establishments showing higher response rates. The offering of health services, defined minimally as at least a part-time nurse or doctor employed on the premises, was reported in 11% of work places employing 52% of the work force and was also positively related to work force size. Seventeen percent of establishments had ever monitored environmental conditions, and all classes of industry in the study area fell short of government recommendations. The advantages of the study approach used here, based on a countrywide sampling frame and a mail questionnaire, include 1) the relatively modest cost; 2) the creation of an information framework to which can be added additional information obtained from other sources e.g., factory visits; and 3) the use of a database for sampling that is countrywide, regularly updated, and versatile, with the potential for extending the observations with a similar (geographic) or different focus, for instance, by industrial class or work force size. PMID- 3228070 TI - Lung cancer case-control study in a rubber manufacturing plant. AB - This report presents the findings of a case-control study of lung cancer among workers at a rubber manufacturing plant. Detailed work histories of 40 lung cancer deaths, which occurred during 1977 and 1978, were compared with those of 146 controls who were individually matched to cases on age, sex, and race; 66 of the controls were also matched on year of first hire. Elevated odds ratios were noted for different durations of employment in four work areas: Reclaim Operation, Chemicals, Special Products Manufacture, and Curing Preparation. A clear trend of increasing odds ratios with increasing durations of exposure was observed for the first three of these work areas. Several chemicals used in these processes are known respiratory system hazards. The results of this study suggest an association between lung cancer mortality risk and employment in Reclaim Operation, Chemicals, and Special Products Manufacture. A moderate excess risk was observed in these areas among both smokers and nonsmokers, although the risk was greater among the smokers. PMID- 3228072 TI - Work-related injuries in minors. AB - Since 1938, federal child labor laws have restricted employment of persons under 18 years old, in part to protect them from hazardous occupations. Workers' compensation claims reported to the Supplementary Data System of the Bureau of Labor Statistics were examined to define the current status of occupational injuries among minors. Data tapes from 1980 to 1983 were searched to identify all current claims for injuries and illnesses occurring in 1980 in persons under age 18. Injury rates were calculated using information about employment in 1979 available from the 1980 census. In the 24 states included in this study, 23,823 claims were reported for persons less than 18 years old. Of these claims, approximately 10% were from persons under age 16. Rates of injuries in 16- and 17 year olds were 12.6 per 100 full-time male workers and 6.6 per 100 full-time female workers. Serious injuries included fractures, dislocations, and amputations, accounting for 5.8%, 0.7%, and 0.6% of cases, respectively. California, the only state that coded whether injuries resulted in fatalities, reported 12 deaths in this age group. Machines and vehicles, many of which are restricted under child labor laws, accounted for 8.3% and 5.8% of claims. These data suggest that persons under age 18 years are not adequately protected from occupational injury. Further attention and, possibly, new preventive strategies are needed. PMID- 3228071 TI - Vibration white finger, digital blood pressure, and some biochemical findings on workers operating vibrating tools in the engine manufacturing industry. AB - A clinical and laboratory investigation was carried out on 76 operators using pneumatic hand grinders and impact wrenches in the engine manufacturing industry. Twenty-two vibration-exposed workers (28.9%) had no symptoms in the hands (stage 0 of the Stockholm Workshop scale), 34 (44.7%) were affected with sensorineural disturbances in the fingers (stage SN), and 20 (26.3%) suffered from vibration white finger (VWF stages 1-2-3). In the vibration-exposed operators and in 30 comparable referents not exposed to vibration, finger systolic blood pressure (FSP) was measured on a test finger and on a control finger after digit cooling to 30 degrees C and 10 degrees C. The results of the cold provocation test were expressed as percent change of FSP by cooling the test finger from 30 degrees C to 10 degrees C (FSP%t, 10 degrees) and as digital/brachial pressure index during local cooling at 10 degrees C (DPIt, 10 degrees). After cold provocation the mean values of FSP%t, 10 degrees and DPIt 10 degrees were more significantly reduced in the vibration-exposed workers with VWF than in those without VWF and the referents (p less than 0.001). The cold provocation test was found to differentiate between VWF subjects with stages 1-2 and stage 3 (p less than 0.02). It is concluded that the measurement of FSP combined with finger cooling is a useful laboratory test to diagnose objectively Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. The vibration-exposed workers and the referents were also tested for serum levels of immunoglobulins and complement and for daily excretion of urinary free catecholamines. Between the reference and vibration groups no differences in the mean values of the immunologic parameters and urinary catecholamines were found. The meaning of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3228073 TI - Lung cancer among Dutch coal miners: a case-control study. AB - A case-control study was conducted in the southern part of The Netherlands to investigate the risk of lung cancer in coal miners; 381 age-matched pairs of primary lung cancer cases and controls, diagnosed between 1972 and 1988, were selected from the pathology department of the University Hospital in the region. Information about past employment in coal mines was obtained through the registers of the collaborative pension fund for Dutch miners. 20% of the cases were (at some time) employed in coal mining, compared with 21% of the controls (odds ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval: 0.65-1.38). 9% of both cases and controls had an underground work history (odds ratio 0.96; 95% confidence interval: 0.56-1.65). The duration of underground coal mining did not differ substantially between cases and referents (average duration: respectively 117 and 108 months). No relation between specific histologic tumor cell types and coal mining could be demonstrated. The study gives no indication that workers in Dutch coal mines have an increased risk of developing lung malignancies. PMID- 3228074 TI - "Dispense as written" advertisements are demeaning to pharmacists. PMID- 3228075 TI - Use of professional recruiters. PMID- 3228076 TI - Criteria for containers for used injection, incision, and blood-testing materials. PMID- 3228077 TI - Media relations specialists would help to erase the stereotype. PMID- 3228078 TI - Chemical impairment. PMID- 3228079 TI - Stability of milrinone and digoxin, furosemide, procainamide hydrochloride, propranolol hydrochloride, quinidine gluconate, or verapamil hydrochloride in 5% dextrose injection. AB - The stability of milrinone and digoxin, furosemide, procainamide hydrochloride, propranolol hydrochloride, quinidine gluconate, or verapamil hydrochloride in 5% dextrose injection containing milrinone was studied. Milrinone admixtures with digoxin, furosemide, propranolol hydrochloride, quinidine gluconate, and verapamil hydrochloride were studied at two concentrations. Admixtures of milrinone and procainamide hydrochloride were studied at four concentrations. Duplicate solutions of each admixture and each control were prepared and stored in glass containers for four hours at room temperature (22-23 degrees C), under normal fluorescent lights. The samples were analyzed immediately by visual inspection, tested for pH, and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Milrinone 0.35 mg/mL-furosemide 4 mg/mL and milrinone 0.1 mg/mL furosemide 5 mg/mL admixtures precipitated immediately after preparation and were not studied by HPLC. No changes in pH or visual appearance were observed in the remaining admixtures after storage at room temperature for four hours. Admixtures containing milrinone 0.175 or 0.2 mg/mL and procainamide hydrochloride 1, 2, or 4 mg/mL satisfied the USP standard for procainamide hydrochloride injection USP assay after one hour but failed this test in all cases after four hours. No degradation of milrinone was observed in any of the admixtures containing procainamide hydrochloride. Milrinone and furosemide are incompatible in 5% dextrose injection and should be administered separately. The remaining admixtures were compatible, and all except those containing procainamide hydrochloride were stable for four hours at room temperature. PMID- 3228080 TI - Establishing a rehabilitation program for impaired pharmacists. AB - The Texas Pharmaceutical Association (TPA) rehabilitation program for impaired pharmacists and pharmacy students is described. Since its inception in 1983, the TPA Pharmacists Rehabilitation Program has provided assistance to impaired pharmacists and pharmacy students, as well as their families, friends, customers, and coworkers. The program uses a carefully developed intervention process designed to assist impaired pharmacists and pharmacy students in obtaining evaluation and treatment of their condition. After a referral, an appointment is made for the impaired person at 1 of 15 regional evaluation and referral centers across the state, where arrangements for appropriate treatment are made. After treatment, the Committee on Pharmacists Rehabilitation aids the pharmacist or student in reentering the profession or returning to school. Intervenors are pharmacists registered in the state of Texas who have participated in TPA's training sessions; TPA also provides an intervenor's workbook. Amendments to the Texas Pharmacy Act passed in 1983 and 1985 provide protection for intervenors who are working with pharmacists and pharmacy students with impairment problems. Referrals are made by means of a 24-hour, toll-free hotline funded by a pharmaceutical manufacturing company. Other funding comes from individual donors, member associations affiliated with TPA, chain drugstores, wholesalers, and the Texas State Board of Pharmacy. A successful rehabilitation program for impaired pharmacists and students must be carefully designed and implemented, with attention paid to legal, financial, and intervention-related issues associated with substance abuse. PMID- 3228081 TI - Pharmacist involvement in a chemical-dependency rehabilitation program. AB - Pharmacist involvement in a small hospital for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chemical dependency is described. The pharmacist's primary responsibilities include provision of pharmaceutical services to meet the medical needs of patients during detoxification; development of detoxification protocols for management of withdrawal from drugs of abuse; education of patients and their families, other clinical staff members, and pharmacy students about the pathophysiology of addiction, treatment options, and the foundations of recovery; medication and addiction counseling; and multidisciplinary team support of recovery. To successfully fulfill this complex role, the pharmacist must have specialized education on alcoholism and addiction, develop good communications skills, and learn the dynamics of recovery support groups. The pharmacist employed at this hospital spends about 70% of her time with pharmaceutical services and 30% with counseling services. A pharmacist working in a chemical dependency rehabilitation program has a unique opportunity to affect positively the physical and emotional health of the recovering individual by taking on responsibilities beyond those traditionally associated with pharmacy practice. PMID- 3228082 TI - Hospital pharmacy employment considerations for the chemically dependent health care professional. AB - Experiences and decisions of a pharmacy services management team involving two chemically dependent individuals, one an existing pharmacist employee and the other a pharmacist applicant, are described. Because our standing on chemical dependency was to rehabilitate rather than terminate, we chose to develop a systematic approach to dealing with this problem in our employees. In the case of the existing pharmacist employee, we decided to initiate rehabilitation by intervention, a process that involved direct confrontation of the individual by his spouse and mother, immediate supervisor, a certified alcohol and drug abuse counselor, and a representative from the hospital's employee assistance program. The employee was treated by psychological/behavioral therapy on an inpatient basis. After discharge, the employee returned to work under specific terms outlined in a return-to-work contract covering the first 24 months; support structures at the workplace to guard against relapse were also instituted. Factors that might precipitate relapse were identified, and a policy for dealing with relapsing employees was developed. The pharmacist applicant was assessed like any other applicant, but a few other factors relevant to her recovering status, such as the length of continuous abstinence she had attained, were considered. An employment contract resembling the return-to-work contract also was developed. Experience with the chemically dependent employee led to the creation of a model for dealing effectively and fairly with employees afflicted with the disease of chemical dependency. We continue to support our institutional decision to rehabilitate and not terminate such employees. PMID- 3228083 TI - The Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987. AB - The Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987 is described, and its implications for hospitals and other health-care entities are discussed. The act, which became effective on July 21, 1988, is intended to reduce public health risks from adulterated, misbranded, and counterfeit drug products that enter the marketplace through drug diversion. The law provides that prescription drug products manufactured in the United States and exported can no longer be reimported, except by the product's manufacturer. It also establishes restrictions on sales of prescription drug products and samples. Samples of prescription drug products may be distributed only if a licensed prescriber requests them. Other distribution channels for samples specified in the law are permissible, provided records are maintained. Under the law, wholesale distributors must be licensed by the state and meet uniform standards. Penalties for violations of the law are also identified. According to FDA's advisory guidelines on the statute, the law will permit hospitals to return drug products, provided the return is made to the manufacturer or wholesaler and provided written notice is secured that the goods were received (for manufacturers) or the goods were destroyed or returned to the manufacturer (for wholesalers). The final chapter on drug diversion must await issuance of final FDA regulations. PMID- 3228084 TI - Visual compatibility of hydroxyzine hydrochloride with various antineoplastic agents. PMID- 3228085 TI - Pharmacy's manpower: is our future in peril? PMID- 3228086 TI - Drug-use evaluation of thrombolytic agents: a challenge to pharmacists. PMID- 3228087 TI - Certification of pharmacists involved in pain management. PMID- 3228088 TI - IPA: vital resource for pharmacy practice. PMID- 3228089 TI - Economic consequences of two drug-use control systems in a teaching hospital. AB - Length of stay (LOS), total cost per admission (TCA), and pharmacy cost per admission (DCA) were determined for two drug-use control systems in a 1058-bed university hospital; a centralized unit dose drug distribution system served as a control. The two study systems were (1) pharmacist monitoring of drug therapy in the patient-care area and (2) centralized pharmacist monitoring of computerized patient profiles. LOS data were collected retrospectively for 659 patients admitted during a seven-month control interval. LOS, TCA, and DCA data were collected prospectively for 496 patients admitted during a five-month experimental interval. Each study system was assigned to one of three teams making rounds among intact patient groups. LOS differences were compared between intervals and by month. After corrections were made for differences in patient mix, the drug-use control system in which pharmacists were assigned to the patient-care area yielded a 1.5-day-shorter average LOS, $1293 lower average TCA (p less than 0.05), and $155 lower average DCA than under the unit dose system. The drug-use control system in which pharmacists were assigned to monitor patients' drug therapy from a central location was associated with a 0.13-day shorter average LOS, $235 lower average TCA, and $55.13 lower average DCA than under the unit dose system. No systematic differences between teams, other than drug-use control system, appeared to explain the differences in LOS, TCA, and DCA. A drug-use control system based in a patient-care area, overseen by clinically experienced pharmacists, may result in shorter LOSs and lower total costs than centralized systems for general-medical inpatients of teaching hospitals. PMID- 3228090 TI - Cost analysis of a home intravenous antibiotic program. AB - A cost analysis of a home intravenous antibiotic program was performed, and the feasibility of the program was evaluated. All fiscal data related to the antibiotic therapy of the 10 study patients were collected from the patients' billing records and charts. Inpatient charges for antibiotics, supplies, laboratory tests, and the hospital room were identified from the patient's bill. Personnel costs were obtained from a log maintained by the home antibiotic team members. Charges accrued were converted to costs using the cost-to-charge ratio for each cost center. Fiscal analysis was performed using a subgroup of six patients with osteomyelitis. For all the patients, the mean duration of home therapy was 26 days. Inpatient treatment averaged 15.9 days. No major catheter related problems were identified. For the osteomyelitis patients, the total cost of therapy, both inpatient and outpatient, was $57,854. If all of the therapy for this subgroup of patients had been provided on an inpatient basis, the total cost would have been $98,314. The home intravenous antibiotic program was determined to be feasible and cost-effective. PMID- 3228091 TI - Survey of pharmacy directors' experience with staff vacancies and recruitment. AB - Hospital pharmacy directors were surveyed in September 1987 about staff pharmacist turnover, recruitment, and retention. Questionnaires were mailed to pharmacy directors at 541 hospitals in the United States. Three hundred thirty nine questionnaires were returned (62.7% usable response rate); more than 50% of the questionnaires sent to each geographic region were completed. Only 129 respondents reported difficulty filling vacant staff pharmacist positions within the past 12 months, although 320 believed there is a pharmacist shortage. Seventy eight reported having positions that remained unfilled for three to six months. For more than 90% of the vacant positions, two-thirds of the duties were in drug distribution. Five hundred thirty-three pharmacists were reported to have left their positions in the past 12 months; the directors said salary and working hours were the reasons most often given, and that 47.5% left to work at other hospitals and 13.1% at chain community pharmacies. National advertisements and the use of professional recruitment agencies were the recruitment methods most frequently mentioned, and salary increases, recognition through feedback from management, and participation in management decisions were the methods most commonly mentioned for retaining pharmacists. Salary was the most frequently reported reason for hospital pharmacist turnover, and nearly half of the pharmacists leaving their positions went to other hospitals. PMID- 3228092 TI - Accuracy of delivery of cefazolin, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin by a controlled-release membrane infusion device. AB - The effects of flow rate and drug concentration on the accuracy of in vitro delivery of cefazolin, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin by a new controlled release membrane infusion device, MICROS, were studied. Cefazolin, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin 1 g in sterile water for injection 10 mL were injected into the drug chamber of the device and delivered through an administration set with 0.9% sodium chloride injection from a primary line. Drug delivery was studied at four flow rates (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mL/min). In addition, three concentrations of each drug (25, 50, and 100 mg/mL for cefazolin and vancomycin, and 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL for chloramphenicol) were studied at a fixed flow rate of 1 mL/min. Samples were collected in triplicate every 2.5-5.0 minutes using a fraction collector over a 90-minute period for cefazolin and a 120-minute period for chloramphenicol and vancomycin. The concentration of each drug was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. At various flow rates, the time for delivery of greater than or equal to 95% of each dose ranged from 30 to 55 minutes for cefazolin, 45 to 70 minutes for chloramphenicol, and 50 to 65 minutes for vancomycin. At various concentrations, greater than or equal to 95% of each dose was delivered in 40 to 55 minutes for cefazolin, 40 to 70 minutes for chloramphenicol, and 50 to 60 minutes for vancomycin. The desired delivery times were 30-60 minutes for cefazolin and chloramphenicol and 50-70 minutes for vancomycin. Delivery of cefazolin and vancomycin by the MICROS membrane infusion system was accurate. Some delay was encountered in the delivery of chloramphenicol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228094 TI - Legal issues associated with formulary product-selection when there are two or more recognized drug therapies. AB - The legal issues associated with selecting drug products under the formulary system when there are two or more recognized drug therapies are discussed. The primary legal issue involved is whether a decision by a health-care provider to use a particular drug product can be viewed as "reasonable" under the circumstances when there are two or more recognized drug therapies for treating a patient. In the institutional setting, the physician diagnoses and prescribes drug products but authorizes, under the formulary system, the selection of alternative agents. Imposition of civil liability on health-care providers for a patient's drug-related injury based on a formulary decision has not yet occurred. Liability would most likely be based on negligence in such a case. The standard of care a medical provider will be measured against is what a "reasonable provider" would do under like circumstances. An institution's decision whether or not to routinely have available a particular drug product that is among several accepted therapies would probably not be viewed as negligent, so long as that decision was based on the objective clinical judgment of the medical staff operating under the formulary system. It is unlikely that a decision to use one of two (or more) drug products would be "negligent" if that decision was based on a current and objective evaluation of the medical literature and supported by a recognized segment of medical opinion. PMID- 3228093 TI - Comparison of visual and turbidimetric methods for determining short-term compatibility of intravenous critical-care drugs. AB - Visual and turbidimetric methods for determining the short-term compatibility of critical-care i.v. drugs were compared. In phase 1, serial dilutions of calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate were examined visually and turbidimetrically to test the sensitivity of the spectrophotometric method used. In phase 2, i.v. solutions of dobutamine, dopamine, lidocaine, nitroglycerin, and nitroprusside were prepared and studied in all possible combinations of two, three, four and five drugs, for a total of 26 different combinations. In phase 3, 45 two-drug combinations previously reported as physically incompatible were studied. Visual inspection was conducted against a dark and a light background; changes were graded as slight, moderate, or gross. Absorbance was determined at 650 nm; an absorbance value of greater than 0.010 was considered to be evidence of turbidity. Visual, turbidimetric, and pH measurements were done at zero, one, and three hours after mixing. Samples of the calcium chloride-magnesium sulfate mixture that were graded visually as having a slight precipitate had absorbance readings less than 0.010. No physical evidence of incompatibility was observed by either method for dobutamine, dopamine, lidocaine, nitroglycerin, and nitroprusside in any combination. In phase 3, 19 drug combinations were shown to be incompatible; however, only 6 of these (31%) had absorbance readings greater than 0.010 when the visual incompatibility was first observed. There was no physical evidence of incompatibility for several drug combinations that have been listed as incompatible in commonly used references. Turbidimetry does not appear to be as reliable a method for determining the compatibility of drugs as is visual inspection against a dark and a light background. PMID- 3228095 TI - Cost savings realized from interchanging ceftizoxime for cefoxitin. PMID- 3228096 TI - Formulary status of intravenous immunoglobulins in selected hospitals. PMID- 3228097 TI - Ongoing drug-use review through surveillance of serum antimicrobial-drug concentrations. PMID- 3228098 TI - Effect of various infusion pump administration techniques and rates on tobramycin delivery. PMID- 3228099 TI - Guidelines for preparing and administering tissue plasminogen activator. PMID- 3228100 TI - Interdisciplinary approach to food-drug interactions. PMID- 3228101 TI - Beyond the slogans. PMID- 3228102 TI - Professional-development and continuing-education programs for pharmacists in large hospitals. AB - Pharmacy directors at large hospitals nationwide were surveyed to determine the status of professional-development and continuing-education programs for staff pharmacists at their institutions. An 18-item questionnaire was developed and mailed in July 1987 to pharmacy directors of 445 large (bed capacity of greater than or equal to 450) hospitals. The questionnaire was designed to elicit information about who holds responsibility for the professional-development programs, the programs' frequency and format, how attendance is documented, and the types of individuals who present the programs. A total of 327 (73.5%) of the questionnaires were returned, with 256 (78.3%) of the respondents indicating that their department had some form of developmental-training program. Only 45 (17.6%) of these respondents indicated that their department employed an individual whose job title was specific for education or training functions. Hour-long lectures and videotaped programs were the most popular formats; programs were most frequently presented by pharmaceutical sales representatives or clinical or staff pharmacists. Of 251 respondents, only 90 (35.8%) indicated that an educational needs assessment of pharmacists had been conducted in the 18 months before the survey. Of 252 respondents, 138 (54.8%) indicated that their departments had no annual budget for these programs. Although program attendance was documented by 248 (97.3%) of the 256 departments, 111 (43.3%) did not require any type of certification for some programs. Evaluations were required by only 127 (49.6%) of the 256 pharmacy departments offering these programs. Inhouse programs offer opportunities for professional development, but resource allocation, program organization, and incentives for participation such as standards of performance could be improved in many of the programs explored by this survey. PMID- 3228103 TI - Reducing cocaine solution use by promoting the use of a lidocaine-phenylephrine solution. AB - A program to reduce the use of cocaine solution in a university teaching hospital by promoting the use of a lidocaine-phenylephrine solution is described. To reduce the use of cocaine solution, pharmacists promoted the use of a mixture of lidocaine 3% and phenylephrine 0.25% in place of cocaine solution for nasotracheal intubation procedures. Because initial clinical use of the lidocaine phenylephrine solution by the anesthesia service was successful, the pharmacy department began in December 1986 to actively promote use of the solution to the bronchoscopy service, the emergency service, and select inpatient nursing units. Educational measures included an article in the pharmacy and therapeutics newsletter detailing the safety and efficacy of the solution, pharmacist description of the program to physicians and nurses, and designation of the solution as a free floor stock item on nursing units. By 1988, total cocaine solution use had decreased by 66% from the 1984 average of 145.7 doses per month to an average of 50.0 doses per month; overall use of topical anesthetics remained constant. The nursing staff supported the use of the lidocaine phenylephrine solution because it eliminated the extensive record keeping necessary for the cocaine solution. The program to decrease the amount of cocaine solution used was successful and will be expanded to other areas of the hospital. PMID- 3228105 TI - Retrospective audit of cefuroxime use in pediatric patients. PMID- 3228104 TI - Stability of procainamide hydrochloride in neutralized 5% dextrose injection. AB - The stability of procainamide hydrochloride in neutralized 5% dextrose injection was studied. Sixty-four admixtures were prepared by adding either 2 mL (for 0.4% admixtures) or 4 mL (for 0.8% admixtures) of procainamide hydrochloride to 250 mL of 5% dextrose injection in plastic containers. The pH of 32 of these admixtures (16 of each type) was adjusted to 7.5. These 32 admixtures represented the neutralized group, and the remaining 32 represented the control group. The admixtures were stored at either 23-25 degrees C (room temperature) or 5 degrees C (refrigeration) for 24 hours. Procainamide hydrochloride concentrations in each sample were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography immediately after the admixtures were prepared and at various intervals during storage. Procainamide concentrations decreased over time in 5% dextrose injection. The decrease was significantly less for admixtures in neutralized 5% dextrose injection, those stored under refrigeration, and those with an 0.8% concentration of drug. Decreases in procainamide hydrochloride concentrations in the control admixtures might have been caused by procainamide-dextrose complexation. Initial concentrations of procainamide hydrochloride in 5% dextrose injection can be adequately maintained over a 24-hour storage period by neutralizing the 5% dextrose injection or storing the admixture at 5 degrees C. However, because it is impractical to maintain the necessary temperature condition during a 24-hour infusion, neutralization might be the most viable alternative when extended stability of procainamide hydrochloride in 5% dextrose injection is required. PMID- 3228107 TI - Visual compatibility of zidovudine with other injectable drugs during simulated Y site administration. PMID- 3228108 TI - Leadership in pharmacy. PMID- 3228106 TI - Stability of phenytoin in three enteral nutrient formulas. PMID- 3228109 TI - Home epidural infusions of opiate agonists and bupivacaine--epinephrine. PMID- 3228110 TI - Standardized concentrations for intravenous drip medications. PMID- 3228112 TI - Using desktop publishing to enhance pharmacy publications. PMID- 3228111 TI - Pharmacist resignation and the risk of dispensing error. PMID- 3228114 TI - New twist on an old pet peeve. PMID- 3228113 TI - Automatic interchange policy for cefotetan and cefoxitin. PMID- 3228115 TI - Where are the professional and financial rewards in pharmacy? PMID- 3228116 TI - Reasons for high cost of high-tech drugs. PMID- 3228117 TI - Radiopharmacists do more than prepare and dispense products. PMID- 3228118 TI - Clarifying issues related to Baxter Regional Compounding Centers. PMID- 3228119 TI - Toward understanding. PMID- 3228120 TI - Effect of clinical pharmacy services on appropriateness of serum digoxin concentration monitoring. AB - The effects of four levels of clinical pharmacy services on increasing the appropriate ordering of serum digoxin concentration (SDC) determinations for cardiothoracic surgery patients were studied. During four equivalent four-month periods from 1983 to 1986, the pharmacist on the cardiothoracic surgery service provided four different levels of clinical services: no services (Period 1), participation in ward rounds only (Period 2), participation in ward rounds supplemented by the regular provision of inservice education programs (Period 3), and participation in ward rounds only (Period 4). Explicit criteria for the appropriate monitoring of digoxin therapy were developed from published criteria and an extensive literature review; all SDC determinations that did not meet one of these criteria were deemed inappropriate. All adult patients who received digoxin therapy were included in the study; data collected for each patient included the time and amount of the daily digoxin dose and the route of administration, the time at which blood was drawn for each SDC determination, and the assay results. Data were collected through a retrospective chart review for Period 1 and concurrently thereafter. The number of appropriate SDC determinations in Period 1 were compared with the total number of appropriate SDC determinations in Periods 2, 3, and 4; Periods 2 and 4 were compared with Period 3; and Period 2 was compared with Period 4. The costs avoided as the result of decreased numbers of SDC determinations ordered were calculated as the differences between the cost of inappropriate SDC determinations in Period 1 and the costs in Periods 2, 3, and 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228121 TI - Pharmacy public relations at a small rural hospital. AB - Pharmacy public relations at a 130-bed rural hospital are described. Pharmacists at this hospital worked through their public relations department to promote a favorable public image for the institution by staffing information booths at public gatherings, writing articles for local newspapers on health-related issues, writing and recording public-service announcements for radio and television, and making presentations at local church and civic organizations. These activities also focused on the hospital pharmacists' role as medication specialists. Within the hospital, pharmacists have used displays to explain pharmacy matters to physicians and nurses. Through external and internal public relations projects, the role of the hospital pharmacist can be promoted. PMID- 3228122 TI - Comparison of seven methods of preparing and administering small-volume injections. AB - The time and costs associated with preparing and administering small-volume injections using seven infusion systems were compared. Thirteen demographically diverse hospitals were chosen as study sites, all under a common protocol. The systems compared were the CRIS controlled-release infusion, minibag, frozen ready to-use minibag, drug manufacturer-supplied piggyback, syringe pump, volume control set, and ADD-Vantage systems. Care was taken to ensure that similar drugs (i.e., drugs with equivalent preparation steps) were studied in the same test systems at the hospitals. The mean preparation time for the CRIS controlled release infusion system was significantly longer than the times for the frozen ready-to-use minibags and ADD-Vantage system and significantly shorter than the times for the minibag and syringe pump systems. Medication administration time for initial doses was found to be significantly shorter with the CRIS system than with the volume-control and ADD-Vantage systems; the time required to administer subsequent doses of small-volume injections was shorter with CRIS than with all other systems except the ADD-Vantage system. When total material costs plus the cost of labor involved in both pharmacy and nursing were combined, CRIS proved to be the least expensive system to use, primarily because of the time and cost savings associated with its use for administration of subsequent doses. Of the seven admixture systems studied, the CRIS system proved to be the least expensive to use when labor and material costs associated with preparation and administration of six doses of an injectable drug were considered. PMID- 3228123 TI - Medication error prevention by pharmacists. PMID- 3228124 TI - Screening discharge prescriptions. PMID- 3228125 TI - Seasonal variation in pharmacy workload: implication for personnel projections. PMID- 3228126 TI - Patient satisfaction with ambulatory-care pharmaceutical services in a major cancer center. PMID- 3228127 TI - Visual compatibility of ciprofloxacin lactate with five broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents during simulated Y-site injection. PMID- 3228128 TI - ASHP accreditation standard for residency training in clinical pharmacy practice (with guide to interpretation). PMID- 3228129 TI - ASHP accreditation standard for specialized pharmacy residency training (with guide to interpretation). PMID- 3228131 TI - Don't say "biologics" if you mean "immunologics". PMID- 3228130 TI - ASHP supplemental standard and learning objectives for residency training in hospital pharmacy administration. PMID- 3228132 TI - Evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance of progeria (Hutchinson Gilford). AB - We have studied a boy with progeria (Hutchinson Gilford) born to third cousins. Four other individuals with progeria were born in another consanguineous sibship in the same family. Thus, this disorder can be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 3228133 TI - Two mosaic cases with nonfluorescent Y chromosome analysed with Y-specific DNA probes. AB - Two cases of a nonfluorescent Y (Ynf) chromosome were diagnosed: one in a male, the other in a female. Both had similar complex mosaic chromosome constitutions with a 45,X cell line. DNA studies were applied in both cases for verification of the cytogenetic diagnosis. The results on the two patients were compared with data obtained from seven healthy men (46,XY), three healthy women (46,XX), two females with 46,XY karyotype, and from cell lines with 49,XXXXY and 48,XXXX chromosome constitution. The highly repetitive Y-specific DNA sequences located in the heterochromatic region of the long arm were absent in these patients. Differences in the composition of the euchromatic part of the Y chromosome were demonstrable in both patients. The highly repetitive Y-specific DNA sequences located in the heterochromatic region of the long arm were absent in these patients. Differences in the composition of the euchromatic part of the Y chromosome were demonstrable in both patients. The suggestion that the Ynf chromosome originates from a dicentric Y chromosome cannot be accepted as a complete explanation of the phenomenon, as it probably involves more complex molecular alterations of the abnormal Y chromosome. The presence of Ynf is associated with the presence of a 45,X cell line more often than in cases of simple Y chromosome deletions with the breakpoint localized in or below the Y euchromatin/heterochromatin junction. PMID- 3228134 TI - Evaluating the uncertainty of risk prediction in genetic counseling: a Bayesian approach. AB - A general method to obtain the exact point estimate and the measure of uncertainty of recurrence risks for genetic counseling is present. This method, which follows Bayesian estimation theory, can be applied without restrictions of sample size, class of risk function, or parameter dimension. As an illustration, the recurrence risks for isolated cases in two autosomal dominant disorders with incomplete penetrance (mandibulofacial and fontonasal dyostoses) are estimated. PMID- 3228135 TI - Fragile site in chromosome 12 in a patient with two miscarriages. AB - A heritable fragile site at 12q13 is described in lymphocytes from a woman with a history of multiple miscarriage. The fragile site was not typically folate sensitive, being expressed in standard medium. The presence of this fragile site may have led to meiotic chromosome breakage and consequent infertility. PMID- 3228136 TI - Aspartylglucosaminuria in a Puerto Rican family: additional features of a panethnic disorder. AB - We report on 3 Puerto Rican brothers with the clinical and laboratory findings of aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU). Their parents were first cousins. The affected sibs have the "cardinal" manifestations of AGU, including developmental disabilities, progressive "coarsening" of the face, and early onset of hepatosplenomegaly. Biochemical studies showed elevated levels of urinary aspartylglucosamine and very low activity of aspartylglucosaminidase(AGA) in cultured fibroblasts. With long term follow-up, previously undescribed manifestations were noted, including radiographic evidence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in early childhood and development of macro-orchidism during puberty. This family shows that AGU is not limited to individuals of Finnish background, but that the gene is panethnic in distribution and that additional changes, not previously noted, may present with advancing age. PMID- 3228137 TI - Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 4. PMID- 3228138 TI - Short stature, abnormal ears, monodactylous tetraectrodactyly, cleft palate in a Brazilian boy. AB - We report on a Brazilian boy presenting short stature, small ears with mild overfolding of the helices, monodactylous tetraectrodactyly and cleft palate. We suspect that he has a previously undescribed syndrome of presently unknown cause. PMID- 3228139 TI - Familial simple hypohidrosis with abnormal palmar dermal ridges. AB - A brother and sister born to nonconsanguineous, Iranian Jewish parents were found to have simple hypohidrosis. Pilocarpine produced only little sweating, and external heat and physical effort were associated with elevation of body temperature. Abnormal palmar dermal ridges were considered to be associated with paucity of sweat pores and glands. Biopsy supported this view since only one normal sweat gland and duct was found in a 5 mm punch. PMID- 3228141 TI - Familial supernumerary nipples. AB - This paper reports a Chinese family among whom three members in two generations had supernumerary nipples. The supernumerary nipples were situated below the normal nipples. The father had a right renal cyst, whereas the twin daughters had normal renal ultrasonography. PMID- 3228140 TI - Obesity in achondroplasia. AB - Obesity is a significant and potentially serious health problem in achondroplasia. Body mass indices, weight-to-square of the height ratio (W/H2), and triceps skinfold measurements show that obesity is common. It begins in early childhood and is prevalent at all ages. We recommend that weight be monitored closely in all persons with achondroplasia and that dietary intervention be instituted whenever the body mass indices, W/H2, and triceps skinfold measurements exceed the 95th centile for the general population. PMID- 3228142 TI - G syndrome: an unusual family. AB - The G syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly (MCA) syndrome of hypertelorism, hypospadias, stridor, and swallowing difficulties. Cleft lip and palate, cardiac defects, cranial asymmetry, and bowel obstruction are occasional manifestations. Family data suggest autosomal dominant inheritance. Males appear to have more serious manifestations, whereas most females with the G syndrome have a benign course and are ascertained through affected male relatives. In the family reported here, the proposita was first seen at age 7 weeks because of swallowing difficulties, stridor, and unusual facial appearance, reminiscent of the G syndrome. Evaluation of the family showed striking facial changes in her father and all four of his sibs. These five individuals had megalencephaly, hypertelorism, and a broad prominent nasal root and bridge, reminiscent of the facial appearance in the BBB syndrome. There was no evidence for dysphagia, respiratory abnormality, or hoarse voice in any other relative. These individuals with the G syndrome display two unusual manifestations. There are no males with hypospadias; the proposita has the most severe laryngotracheoesophageal symptoms. Although hypospadias is not an invariable manifestation of the G syndrome and although six females with severe dysphagia or respiratory abnormalities have been reported previously, the manifestations in this family underline the variability of this condition and provide further support that the G syndrome can be expressed with equal severity in both males and females. Although phenotypic overlap between the BBB and G syndromes has long been recognized, many still consider them to be distinct nosologic entities. The occurrence of both BBB and G syndrome in different members of the same family has been observed previously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228143 TI - Prenatal detection of 46,XY,rec(5),dup q, inv(5)(p13q33) using DNA analysis, flow cytometry, and in situ hybridization to supplement classical cytogenetic analysis. AB - Distinguishing between balanced and unbalanced chromosome complements segregating from parental rearrangements may be difficult using only classical cytogenetic techniques if banding morphology is similar under both expectations. In these situations, supplementing cytogenetic analysis with molecular genetic techniques and flow cytometry may provide increased diagnostic accuracy. To illustrate this, we present a case in which similar band pattern morphology would be expected for both the balanced carrier (heterozygote) and the recombinant dup q chromosome complements segregating from a mother with a balanced inversion [46,XX,inv(5)(p13q33)]. The parents came to Northwestern for consultation after receiving conflicting interpretations of their first amniotic fluid cultures. An ultrasound examination was said to be normal. They inquired whether there were ways to increase their confidence that the complement was unbalanced. Their reluctance to terminate the pregnancy was due to a 6-year history of infertility. After extensive counselling, the couple elected repeat amniocentesis. Further cytogenetic analysis of repeat amniotic fluid cultures by G-banding and R banding, molecular genetic analysis with highly polymorphic DNA probes, and quantitative flow cytometry were performed. Results agreed that an unbalanced fetal complement was present. Southern blot analysis with a 5p marker definitively demonstrated a lack of maternal 5p material in the fetus, and in situ hybridization showed a 5q marker at either end of the recombinant chromosome. Flow cytometry was consistent with this interpretation. Because of the advanced gestational age, the parents elected to terminate based on cytogenic results of the second amniocentesis, rather than to wait another 1-2 weeks for results of other methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228144 TI - Interstitial 7q deletion [46,XX,del(7)(pter----q21.1::q22----qter)] and the location of genes for beta-glucuronidase and cystic fibrosis. AB - We report on a patient with a de novo chromosome abnormality del(7)(q21.1q22). The cells of this patient were used to determine the assignment of the gene for the enzyme beta-glucuronidase and the DNA probes around the cystic fibrosis gene- pJ3.11 and metH. Both the beta-glucuronidase gene and the DNA probes pJ3.11 and metH were found in 2 copies in our patient, indicating that neither locus lies in the deleted segment. PMID- 3228145 TI - Spontaneous expression of fra(10)(q25) in bone marrow from a patient with agranulocytosis. AB - We report on the spontaneous expression of fra(10)(q25) in bone marrow from a patient with agranulocytosis. Expression of this fragile site in both bone marrow and leukocytes was enhanced by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), while folic-acid deficient medium enhanced the expression of fra(10)(q25) only in leukocytes. Variability in the expression of fra(10)(q25) in bone marrow and leukocyte cultures over an 18-month period was also found. PMID- 3228146 TI - Laterality defects in conjoined twins: implications for normal asymmetry in human embryogenesis. AB - We evaluated six pairs of conjoined twins: four pairs were dicephalus, and two were of the ischiopagus type. In three of the four dicephalus pairs, the right twin had an abnormality of laterality that included a right aortic arch, reversed great vessel orientation, bilateral right-sided isomerism of the lungs, asplenia, and situs inversus of the viscera. The left twin had normal great vessel orientation and situs solitus in each case. The finding that was unique in these three dicephalus twin pairs was their fused hearts, which were similar in orientation and configuration. The fourth dicephalus twin pair had one normally rotated heart, which was located in the midline and had normally placed chambers and great vessels. Each twin of this pair had normal visceral situs. In the two pairs of ischiopagus twins, each pair had two separate hearts, with normal cardiac structure and great vessel relationships. The viscera expressed normal laterality. Documentation of a defect in laterality in the right twin in three conjoined twin pairs with fusion of the hearts, combined with the presence of normal laterality in three pairs without cardiac fusion, has implications regarding the mechanisms leading to laterality of the human embryo. We suggest that rotation of the heart initiates the embryo's process of lateralization and that the laterality defects of the viscera seen in the right twin are a result of their abnormal cardiac rotation. PMID- 3228147 TI - Piebaldism-Waardenburg syndrome: histopathologic evidence for a neural crest syndrome. AB - Piebaldism, an autosomal dominant trait, is characterized by patchy hypopigmentation of the face, anterior chest, abdomen, and limbs, heterochromia/bicolored irises, congenital megacolon, and deafness. A 4-month-old Inuit (Eskimo) boy with these manifestations also had left pulmonic artery stenosis, ocular ptosis, and unilateral duplication of the renal collecting system. Evidence is presented for both qualitative and quantitative derangement of neural crest derivatives in this syndrome. Histologically, hypoganglionosis, hyperganglionosis, and ectopic ganglia in lamina propria (neuronal colonic dysplasia [NCD]) were documented in the rectum. The appendix, proximal to the clinical transition zone, showed similar dysplasia. In the hypopigmented skin, multiple microscopic sections were devoid of melanocytes, with no melanin in adjacent basal cells. The hyperpigmented skin contained melanin throughout the basal layer, but the melanocytes were unevenly distributed. Most tissues affected in this boy are of neural crest origin; pathogenesis could be due to faulty migration along the established pathways involving either the borders (basal laminae) or the components of the extracellular matrix (fibronectin, cytotactin, laminin, glycosaminoglycans, and collagen). The similarities between piebaldism and the Waardenburg syndromes are discussed. PMID- 3228148 TI - Familial situs inversus and congenital heart defects. PMID- 3228149 TI - A new case of Zimmermann-Laband syndrome with mild mental retardation, asymmetry of limbs, and hypertrichosis. PMID- 3228150 TI - Mosaic trisomy 7 confined to the placenta. PMID- 3228151 TI - Postaxial acrofacial dysostosis syndrome with microcephaly, seizures and profound mental retardation. PMID- 3228152 TI - Case of Pallister-Killian syndrome with imperforate anus. PMID- 3228153 TI - An efficacy study of occupational therapy with high-risk neonates. AB - This single-subject research study with replication evaluated the effect of daily occupational therapy on the nutritive and nonnutritive sucking behaviors of three high-risk, premature infants. At the time of entrance into the study, the infants were 34 to 35 weeks old and were documented poor feeders. Treatment consisted of individual, multimodal sensory stimulation, with emphasis on proprioceptive and vestibular input, graded to the sensory needs of the infants. Movement components of the jaw and tongue during nutritive and nonnutritive sucking were measured during baseline and intervention phases to assess the infants' sucking ability. A comparison of testing results revealed that during intervention the total sucking scores improved significantly for two of the three infants and that rapid changes occurred in the oral-motor function of all three infants. The results of the study suggest that occupational therapy can improve the rate of development of sucking in the premature neonate. However, future research needs to be done to isolate the specific techniques of treatment that produce positive changes. PMID- 3228154 TI - Psychosocial occupational therapy intervention with AIDS patients. AB - The role of psychosocial occupational therapy with AIDS patients is explored. The clinical picture is defined, information regarding the transmission, incidence, diagnosis, and treatment is presented, and the impact of the illness on the developmental life cycle is described. The occupational behavior framework is used to guide evaluation and intervention and case examples are provided. Finally, fears and issues affecting therapists working with these patients are explored. PMID- 3228155 TI - Occupational therapy treatment in home health care. AB - This study reviewed 96 home care records for patients seen at a home health agency during 1985. Recorded data were supplemented with information obtained from interviews with therapists who provided the care. Results of the study reveal a discrepancy between the therapists' perception of treatment given and the treatment areas that are documented. Emphasis in documentation was found to be greater for sensorimotor components than for other treatment areas, and psychosocial skills were not included at all in the treatment plans reviewed. Therapists' reports indicated that more emphasis is placed on the documentation of reimbursable skills than on other treatment areas. The implications of these results are presented. PMID- 3228156 TI - A dynamic finger flexion loop. PMID- 3228157 TI - Psychiatry in a troubled world: the relation of clinical practice and social reality. AB - Based on studies conducted over the course of the past half-century, elements common to all forms of effective psychotherapy are reviewed. The emergence of innovative modes of therapy is noted, with special attention to the recent advent of systems-theoretical approaches to intervention. Contradictions between therapeutic goals of personal harmony and our current competitive social ethic are considered, and the mental health implications of achieving a more just society are highlighted. PMID- 3228158 TI - Parent, teacher, and hospital staff evaluations of severely disturbed children. AB - Evaluations of parents, teachers, and hospital staff were compared using measures of deviance, improvement, and outcomes for short-term psychiatric inpatient children. Measures were completed at inception and termination of hospitalization and at a one-year follow-up. Evaluations by parents and community teachers differed from those by hospital staff, and pretreatment and post-treatment evaluations reliably predicted child functioning at home and, to a lesser extent, at school one year later. PMID- 3228159 TI - Psychosocial coping in young adulthood of male child psychiatric outpatients: implications of early treatment. AB - The frequencies of new psychiatric diagnoses received during compulsory military service among a group of 534 former child psychiatric patients were studied with regard to the earlier clinic experience. The nature of the former patients' contact with the clinic was the strongest predictor of a subsequent diagnosis. Risk was lowest for those who had received a systematic course of therapy in childhood, and matched that of a control group of conscripts with no history of psychiatric contact. PMID- 3228160 TI - Child temperament and parental perceptions of individual child adjustment: an intrafamilial analysis. AB - The association between child temperament and mothers' and fathers' perceptions of child adjustment was investigated in a study of 70 married couples, each of whom had two children of the same gender--36 brother pairs and 34 sets of sisters. The parents' perceptions of their children's levels of activity, persistence, and emotional intensity were found to be related to their perceptions of child adjustment. Implications of the findings are discussed and directions for further research indicated. PMID- 3228161 TI - Client characteristics as determinants of intervention modality and therapy progress. AB - The relationship between client characteristics and assignment to family or individual therapy and therapy progress was examined in 131 child cases. Assignment to family therapy was related to help-seeking variables, suggesting that the recommendation followed a therapeutic rationale. History of prior services and client's race were both associated with levels of progress, with results indicating benefits from previous therapy but problems of "fit" between traditional mental health services and minority families. PMID- 3228162 TI - After treatment ends: psychosocial sequelae in pediatric cancer survivors. AB - Fifty-two survivors of childhood cancer and their families were assessed by questionnaire and interview to determine survivors' psychosocial status two years or more after treatment. Most were functioning well and serious psychosocial problems were relatively rare. Communication patterns during treatment were most predictive of psychosocial outcome whereas indicators of medical severity were least predictive. The heterogeneity of effective coping styles, appropriate to varied personality types, was noted. PMID- 3228163 TI - Support groups for bereaved preschool and school-age children. AB - Models for support groups for preschool and school-age children who have suffered the death of a parent are described. Research and clinical data on bereaved children are presented. Specific group techniques are prescribed, as is typical thematic content occurring in the two age groups. PMID- 3228164 TI - Systemic organizational support for self-help groups. AB - A framework for analyzing relationships between self-help groups and systemic organizational support is presented and two affiliation hypotheses tested. Self help group birthrates in New Jersey over an 18-month period exceeded death rates. Affiliated groups greatly outnumbered independent groups but the birthrate for the latter was higher. Death rates for different types of groups were similar, except for Alcoholics Anonymous groups, which had a higher survival rate. PMID- 3228165 TI - Child custody and relitigation: trends in a rural setting. AB - Types of child custody awards made in 884 divorce cases in a rural North Carolina County were compared and rates of postdivorce litigation were examined for each type of custody. Findings suggest a low frequency of joint custody awards and do not reveal any advantage of joint versus other forms of custody with regard to relitigation experience. PMID- 3228167 TI - Clarifying erroneous child sexual abuse allegations. AB - A review of several hundred court cases involving child sexual abuse allegations has shown that both children and adults make false reports. Various kinds of false reports are defined, described, and grouped according to type: misunderstandings, misreporting, distortion through illness, distortion by design, professional error, misrepresentation, and a grouping of less common instances. PMID- 3228166 TI - Social disability in the young adult mentally ill. AB - The social functioning of young mentally ill adults was assessed in relationship to that of older mentally ill adults. In terms of family and friends, the younger and older groups were found to experience similar social withdrawal, although the younger group was more likely to be employed. It is suggested that such withdrawal may be typical of young mentally ill adults not enrolled in programs emphasizing social involvement. PMID- 3228168 TI - Stability of temperament characteristics in childhood. AB - Individuals' stability on the nine NYLS temperament variables was studied longitudinally in 160 children from the ages of six months to one, two, and three years. Stability was typically statistically significant but only moderately strong at a maximum. Greatest stability was found for Rhythm, Approach, Adaptability, Activity, Mood, and Distractibility. PMID- 3228169 TI - Quantitative genetic analysis of bi-iliac breadth. AB - Bi-iliac breadth, the frontal maximum diameter between right and left iliac crests, was measured in 1,547 male and 2,085 female residents of a rural area in Japan. All subjects were over 14 years of age. The bi-iliac breadth showed an increase related to age but little sex difference. Modification of age and sex variations from the measured value was obtained by calculation of the score, represented by arithmetical means and standard deviations. Distribution of these scores appeared to be binomial, and since binomial distribution approaches normal distribution when n is large, it is presumed that this trait gains normal distribution. Thus variation of bi-iliac breadth in subjects 20-79 years of age enables us to analyze inheritance. No significant difference was found between husband and wife in the correlation coefficients or between father and daughter (0.13 +/- 0.08). Significant differences were found as follows: father-son (0.35 +/- 0.05) (P less than 0.001), mother-son (0.28 +/- 0.05) (P less than 0.001), and mother-daughter (0.28 +/- 0.06) (P less than 0.001). There was no indication of maternal or paternal effects, since no significant difference was found in father-child and mother-child correlation coefficients. It is concluded that bi iliac breadth is a quantitative genetic trait under control of polygenes on autosomes. Regression coefficient of child on midparental value was 0.55 +/- 0.05, approximately twice the means of four pairs of correlation coefficients between parent-offspring. Narrowly, heritability was estimated as 0.54 approximately 0.55. Contribution of dominance to total variance was small (VD = 0.11), in contrast to the larger additive genetic variance (VA = 0.54). PMID- 3228170 TI - Fitness and fertility among Kalahari !Kung. AB - In this paper we develop a model that examines fertility and childhood mortality patterns and their relationship to environmental variables. Interactions among environmental variables can account for different fertility patterns and different mixes of these variables can produce similar patterns of fertility. Our model attempts to quantify the idea that there is a trade-off between producing a few children likely to survive to reproductive age and producing a greater number of children with lower chances for survival. The optimum mix of these strategies depends on environmental characteristics. We use the model to make predictions about fertility and mortality patterns among two Bushmen populations of southern Africa--the Ghanzi and Ngamiland !Kung--using data collected by Harpending in 1967-1968. The results do not support explanations of the low fertilities observed among !Kung Bushmen women, in whom it is thought that fitness is maximized by limiting fertility, and show no relationship between mortality and family size in either !Kung population. Instead, the number of offspring reaching reproductive age in both populations increases as their completed family size increases. We examine the effects of sex, birth order, and paternal investment on mortality. No sex ratio differences and no differences in mortality by sex or birth order are present. Infant mortality among women who married more than once is significantly higher than among women who married once, suggesting that paternal care has a significant effect. PMID- 3228171 TI - Sexual selection and canine dimorphism in New World monkeys. AB - Social and ecological factors are important in shaping sexual dimorphism in Anthropoidea, but there is also a tendency for body-size dimorphism and canine dimorphism to increase with increased body size (Rensch's rule) (Rensch: Evolution Above the Species Level. London: Methuen, 1959.) Most ecologist interpret Rensch's rule to be a consequence of social and ecological selective factors that covary with body size, but recent claims have been advanced that dimorphism is principally a consequence of selection for increased body size alone. Here we assess the effects of body size, body-size dimorphism, and social structure on canine dimorphism among platyrrhine monkeys. Platyrrhine species examined are classified into four behavioral groups reflecting the intensity of intermale competition for access to females or to limiting resources. As canine dimorphism increases, so does the level of intermale competition. Those species with monogamous and polyandrous social structures have the lowest canine dimorphism, while those with dominance rank hierarchies of males have the most canine dimorphism. Species with fission-fusion social structures and transitory intermale breeding-season competition fall between these extremes. Among platyrrhines there is a significant positive correlation between body size and canine dimorphism However, within levels of competition, no significant correlation was found between the two. Also, with increased body size, body-size dimorphism tends to increase, and this correlation holds in some cases within competition levels. In an analysis of covariance, once the level of intermale competition is controlled for, neither molar size nor molar-size dimorphism accounts for a significant part of the variance in canine dimorphism. A similar analysis using body weight as a measure of size and dimorphism yields a less clear-cut picture: body weight contributes significantly to the model when the effects of the other factors are controlled. Finally, in a model using head and body length as a measure of size and dimorphism, all factors and the interactions between them are significant. We conclude that intermale competition among platyrrhine species is the most important factor explaining variations in canine dimorphism. The significant effects of size and size dimorphism in some models may be evidence that natural (as opposed to sexual) selection also plays a role in the evolution of increased canine dimorphism. PMID- 3228172 TI - Prevention of second primary cancers in head and neck cancer patients: new perspectives. AB - Not all head and neck cancer patients have the same chance to develop second primary cancers. New evidence suggests that it is possible to select high-risk patients. Other new developments in Europe are intensive screening, not only during initial work-up but also during follow-up, and chemoprevention of second primaries by retinol and n-acetyl-cystein. PMID- 3228173 TI - Distribution of blood flow in an experimental palatal carcinoma. AB - Tumor perfusion is an important factor in the success of many common and potential therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. We studied blood flow of an experimental squamous cell carcinoma of the rat palate using the radionuclide labeled microsphere injection method. Tumors (N = 14) were studied for level and distribution of blood flow, and changes in blood flow with increasing size. The results show a wide variation in the absolute level of perfusion among the tumors, but a consistent pattern of blood flow distribution, with poor perfusion in the central parts and a sharp increase in perfusion at the periphery. The blood flow (in mL/min/100 g) in the five zones from center to periphery were 2.32 +/- 5.7, 5.62 +/- 16.3, 4.20 +/- 6.87, 15.04 +/- 23.6, and 32.31 +/- 41.8. The average level of perfusion decreased as tumor size increased, but the pattern of blood flow distribution remained constant. The data from this study provide an understanding of the basic pattern of blood flow in an experimental squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and will serve as a foundation to further explore the hemodynamic characteristics of head and neck carcinomas. PMID- 3228175 TI - Laryngeal configuration associated with glottography. AB - This report describes a method for testing and confirming the relationship of glottography to the vibratory movements of the vocal folds. According to this method, vocal fold movement is monitored by photoglottography (PGG) and electroglottography (EGG) as photographs are taken using a 80-microsecond flash provided by a laryngostroboscope. The flash is recorded as an impulse on the PGG waveform, indicating the location on the glottographic signals of the corresponding single frame photograph. We then present a test case, in which various vocal fold configurations are documented, demonstrating that the timing of glottal events can be correlated to glottographic signals by this method. PMID- 3228174 TI - The use of cis-retinoic acid in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of the larynx: a randomized pilot study. AB - We undertook a study of 13-cis-retinoic acid to evaluate its use as an adjuvant to laser surgery in the management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. In a double-blind study using placebo, four of the six subjects treated with this agent experienced recurrence while receiving therapy, with two requiring further surgical intervention. All six experienced toxicity, necessitating the withdrawal from therapy of two and dose reduction in three. When it became apparent that the therapy was ineffective, and caused toxicity, the study was closed. PMID- 3228176 TI - Propylene glycol-induced cholesteatoma in chinchilla middle ears. AB - Propylene glycol is a solvent commonly used in topical otic preparations. This study examines the occurrence of inflammatory changes and cholesteatoma in chinchilla middle ears after the application of propylene glycol in varying concentrations. A total of 32 ears were studied, divided into four treatment groups. Three groups received propylene glycol in concentrations of 10%, 50%, and 90%. One group received normal saline. Six weeks after the application of propylene glycol to the middle ear through the bulla, examination revealed cholesteatoma, tympanic membrane perforations, and middle ear adhesions in most of the ears subjected to 50% and 90% propylene glycol. Only one ear treated with 10% propylene glycol showed a cholesteatoma, while the group treated with normal saline showed only mild inflammation. Histologic preparations confirmed cholesteatoma and revealed replacement of the normal columnar epithelium by keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium, inflammatory infiltration, and granulation tissue eroding underlying bone. We conclude that exposure to propylene glycol in high concentrations will consistently produce cholesteatoma in chinchilla middle ears. Although the effects of propylene glycol in the human middle ear are yet to be investigated, we recommend the avoidance of otic preparations containing high concentrations of propylene glycol in patients with tympanic membrane perforations. PMID- 3228177 TI - Growth of the eustachian tube lumen with age. AB - We undertook measurements of the lumina of 115 eustachian tubes of various ages. Our results showed that, like any other body organ, the eustachian tube lumen grows with age. The cartilaginous part of the eustachian tube was found to grow considerably more than the bony part. These findings, which were statistically confirmed, appear to contradict the theory ascribing the high incidence of acute otitis media in children to an enhanced susceptibility to infection due to their having a wider eustachian tube than adults. PMID- 3228179 TI - The acoustic reflex in patients with asymptomatic multiple sclerosis. AB - A convenient, inexpensive test to identify multiple sclerosis during periods of symptomatic remission would be clinically advantageous. Recent studies have suggested that examination of acoustic reflex onset latency and rise time may be useful in detecting some forms of retrocochlear auditory pathology. This prospective, single-blinded study compares these features of the human acoustic reflex in a control sample, a sample with sensorineural hearing loss, and a sample with multiple sclerosis, to determine the usefulness of acoustic reflex measurements as a screening test for otherwise asymptomatic multiple sclerosis. Acoustic reflex threshold, onset latency, and rise time measurements were similar for all groups. This finding suggests that tests for abnormalities of acoustic reflex rise time and onset latency, under the conditions used in this study, may not be sufficiently sensitive to screen for the presence of otherwise asymptomatic multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3228178 TI - Immune-mediated otitis media with effusion. AB - This study was designed to clarify the role of immune reaction in otitis media with effusion (OME). Immune-mediated OME was induced in chinchillas, and characteristics of the disease were evaluated biochemically, cytologically, and histologically. OME was induced by a single intratympanic inoculation of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in animals which had a high serum anti-KLH IgG titer. In addition, OME was maintained for 3 weeks in seven of 17 chinchillas, boosted by intradermal and intratympanic injections at 1-week intervals. Cells in the middle ear effusion (MEE) consisted substantially of neutrophils, a few macrophages, and other cells. The mean histamine and prostaglandin E2 levels in the MEE significantly exceeded the levels in corresponding sera. The lining membrane of the bullae was edematous and thickened due to dilatation and rupture of blood capillaries and cell infiltration. Next, the animals were inoculated with immune complex into the tympanic cavity. MEE appeared in all treated ears within three days after injection. Biochemical, cytologic, and histologic findings of the immune complex-induced OME resembled those of immune-mediated OME. An immune peroxidase method demonstrated that neutrophils in MEE phagocytose immune complexes. Our findings suggest that a perpetual cycle of inflammatory substances may maintain an inflammatory condition in the middle ear. PMID- 3228181 TI - Quinine reduces noxious cochlear effects of furosemide and ethacrynic acid. AB - Endocochlear potential (EP) and eighth nerve action potential (AP) were measured in chinchillas. We investigated the interaction of quinine with the loop diuretics furosemide and ethacrynic acid to determine whether the cochlear effects of these agents are attenuated by pretreatment with quinine. Animals were injected with either furosemide, 25 mg/kg intravenously (IV), or ethacrynic acid, 15 mg/kg IV. Control animals injected without pretreatment were found to have a large decrease in EP, with a decrease of compound action potentials (CAP) amplitude and an elevation of CAP threshold. Animals pretreated with quinine, 25 mg/kg, were found to have a significantly smaller reduction of EP and CAP amplitude following injection of either diuretic. No significant differences in urine volumes were noted between experimental and control groups. Quinine is known to cause nonspecific changes in the membranes of epithelial cells, which may cause alterations of the transport of organic anions by such tissues. Such an effect on epithelial cells in the cochlea may cause reduced uptake of loop diuretics in this organ, resulting in reduced toxicity. PMID- 3228180 TI - The superiorly based auricular flap. AB - A regional random pattern flap is described which may be used to cover the mastoid area in cases in which the inferior auricle and adjacent tissue have been removed by trauma or surgery. The viability of this vascularized tissue offers a distinct advantage over skin grafting when protection of exposed facial nerve and mastoid contents is required, especially when compromised by irradiation or infection. The superiorly based auricular flap is created by removing all cartilage from the auricular remnant. The resulting skin-perichondrial flap, covering the medial and lateral surfaces of the upper ear, is unfolded to cover the inferiorly located defect. The resulting cosmetic deformity, with loss of upper auricle contour, is a disadvantage of this flap which may be mitigated by the use of a prosthesis. After the superiorly based auricular flap is described, a case is presented. PMID- 3228182 TI - An electrophysiologic study of experimental perilymphatic fistula. AB - This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism that causes sensorineural hearing loss in clinical cases with perilymphatic fistula. Perilymph was experimentally aspirated through the round window membrane in 17 guinea pigs. The extent of cochlear damage was examined electrophysiologically as well as histopathologically. Immediately after aspiration, several types of changes in summating potential (SP) were observed. Two animals without a polarity change of the SP showed only slight threshold changes in both cochlear microphonic and action potentials, and no specific histopathologic changes in the cochlea. Reversed polarity of the SP was observed in three animals, of which one showed a high-amplitude negative SP followed by rapidly progressive hearing loss. Bulging of Reissner's membrane was confirmed histopathologically in this case. The SP disappeared in the remaining 12 animals. In animals with profound electrophysiologic changes, bulging or rupture of Reissner's membrane and damaged hair cells were observed. These findings suggest that an abrupt change in perilymphatic pressure produces morphologic changes in the membranous labyrinth, causing changes in the vibration function of the cochlear partition and in the function of the organ of Corti. Abrupt pressure imbalance may be a causative factor of sensorineural hearing loss in the case of perilymphatic fistula. PMID- 3228183 TI - Ciliary activity on adenoids of patients with otitis media with effusion. AB - Ciliary activity of the adenoidal surface in patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) was evaluated by a photoelectric method. Three groups of patients were compared: a non-OME group whose members had experienced no episode of OME; a middle ear effusion (MEE)-negative OME group whose members had an episode of recurrent OME but no MEE during the month preceding the operation; and an MEE positive OME group whose members were experiencing an episode of recurrent OME with MEEs when tissue was taken for examination. To serve as a comparison, the ciliary activity in the central pharynx of normal guinea pigs was evaluated using the same technique. The ciliary activity in all patients was significantly lower than that in normal guinea pigs. No significant difference in ciliary activity was apparent between the non-OME group and the MEE-negative OME group. However, both were significantly higher than the ciliary activity of the MEE-positive OME patients. The following findings are drawn from our data: ciliary activity on the surface of hypertrophic adenoids is depressed, and patients with OME have reduced ciliary activity compared with those who have no otitis media or those who have otitis media without effusion. PMID- 3228184 TI - The round window as access route for agents injurious to the inner ear. AB - The ototoxicity of 50% propylene glycol, 70% isopropyl alcohol, 2% acetic acid, Otic Domeboro solution (Miles Pharmaceuticals, West Haven, CT), 1% Gentian violet (Purepac Pharmaceutical, Elizabeth, NJ), Vosol Otic solution (Wallace Laboratories, Cranbury, NJ), Genoptic Ophthalmic solution (Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA), Cortisporin Otic suspension (Burroughs Wellcome, Greenville, NC), Coly-Mycin S Otic (Parke-Davis, Rochester, MI), and Pyocidin Otic (Berlex Laboratories, Cedar Knolls, NJ) was studied in rats according to their effect on the latencies of the second peak of the auditory brainstem responses (ABR) at different sound pressure levels. The substances were instilled into the round window (RW) niches of rats, and the ABR to 1-kHz and 6-kHz tonebursts were obtained, 30 minutes, two hours, and 1 week after exposure. For all substances except isopropyl alcohol and propylene glycol, which evidently quickly penetrated the RW, approximately two hours of exposure were required before inner ear function was affected. The ototoxic effect of the antibiotic drugs was to some degree reversed with time, whereas the recorded potentials for antiseptics such as 1% Gentian violet, 2% acetic acid, and Otic Domeboro indicate that they caused severe damage to inner ear function. Some increases in latencies were also noted after exposure to propylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol, except when the latter was quickly withdrawn from the RW niche. PMID- 3228185 TI - Cholesteatoma can be produced in experimental animals by the application of topical antibiotic drops to the middle ear. PMID- 3228186 TI - Secondary syphilis. A clinicopathological study. AB - Syphilis is still a common disease in many countries. The clinical features of secondary syphilis are well documented, and the histopathological features of secondary syphilis have been reviewed in a few studies. The present study documents the histopathology of secondary syphilis based on 68 skin biopsies from 38 patients. Based on the findings of this study, and a review of the literature, diagnostic guidelines are suggested and the differential diagnoses are discussed. PMID- 3228187 TI - A new method for the comprehensive automatic morphologic image analysis of Langerhans cells. AB - Standard techniques used to study Langerhans cell (LC) populations are tedious and time-consuming. We developed a rapid and comprehensive method to evaluate LC using automatic digital image analysis. Human epidermal sheets were stained with OKT6 monoclonal antibody and evaluated on an IBAS 2000 computerized automatic digital image analysis system. The fields were imaged on a Photomicroscope I using a high-resolution monochrome video camera. Each field was digitized, normalized, and filtered. The LC were discriminated by density; each field was interactively edited to separate overlapping cells and to bridge small gaps in the dendrites. The discriminated binary image of the LC was measured for number of cells per field, total area of individual cells per field, and percent of the field occupied by LC. The cell bodies were then separately discriminated and subtracted from the thinned cell image to allow a separate measurement of number and length of dendrites per cell. Finally, the binary cell image in a reference section was dilated to occupy approximately the total field area. This degree of dilation was then applied to all subjects to give the "area of influence." This methodology provides a rapid and comprehensive tool for the evaluation of LC. PMID- 3228188 TI - Sebaceous gland hyperplasia following topical application of citral. An ultrastructural study. AB - Topical application of citral on male rat skin induces hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands. Ultrastructural study showed that this hyperplasia is manifested by an increase in number of the partially differentiated cells of the gland. Citral was found in fat droplets of the mature differentiated and partially differentiated cells. Because citral causes an increase in testosterone level, we conclude that the sebaceous gland hyperplasia is related to androgen activity. PMID- 3228189 TI - Cantharidin-induced acantholysis. AB - Cantharidin has been used to induce acantholysis in vivo. Intraepidermal clefting starts at the junction between the basal and epidermal layers, and later involves all of the levels of the stratum spinosum. As a response to early acantholysis, an increased number of epibasal cells synthesize DNA. This is not related to an increased binding of epidermal growth factor to these cells. In sum, the basal epibasal junction is one of the weakest within the epidermis. The epibasal cells represent a reserve pool for proliferating keratinocytes that may be stimulated without necessarily binding an increased amount of epidermal growth factor. PMID- 3228190 TI - Acquired epidermal cysts and mycosis fungoides. A possible pitfall in clinical staging. AB - A 60-year-old man was followed for 5 years for plaque stage mycosis fungoides (MF), follicular mucinosis (FM), and multiple recurrent acquired epidermal cysts on the face, scalp, right axilla, and inguinoscrotal areas. Topical nitrogen mustard and steroids, as well as systemic retinoids controlled the infiltrated lesions of MF, but had no effects on the cysts, which had to be removed surgically. Such cases have to be distinguished from MF in a tumor stage and may suggest that the recurrent cysts represent a paraneoplastic syndrome. PMID- 3228191 TI - Malignant blue nevus with metastases to the lung. AB - A malignant blue nevus of the right upper arm with hematogeneous lung metastases is presented. Histological examination showed that the tumor was composed of spindle, dendritic, and globular cells with hyperchromatic and polymorphic nuclei, atypical mitoses, and tumor cell necrosis. There was no proliferation of atypical melanocytes at the dermoepidermal junction. Histologically, malignant blue nevus should be distinguished from benign cellular blue nevus, primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma, and clear cell sarcoma. PMID- 3228192 TI - A disease resembling junctional epidermolysis bullosa in a toy poodle. AB - A disease resembling junctional epidermolysis bullosa in humans is described in a toy poodle. Shortly after birth, the affected animal developed vesicles and bullae on the pads of the feet and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. The lesions rapidly increased in number and severity, eventually involving the glabrous skin of the ventral abdomen. Due to the severity of the lesions, the animal was euthanized when it was 48 h old. Histopathologic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evaluation defined a minimally inflamed subepidermal vesicular disease with separation occurring at the zona lucida of the basement membrane zone. Laminin and type IV collagen were present at the base of the vesicle. PMID- 3228193 TI - Connotations. PMID- 3228194 TI - Improved methodology for the determination of the seven elemental tracer long distance pollution signatures using thermal and epithermal neutron activation analysis. PMID- 3228195 TI - Development of antibody-based fiber-optic sensors for detection of a benzo[a]pyrene metabolite. PMID- 3228196 TI - Determination of fat-soluble vitamins in oil matrices by multidimensional high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3228197 TI - Negative ion mass spectrometry of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins: correlations between observed fragmentations and calculated total internal energies. PMID- 3228198 TI - Determination of drug substances in biological fluids by direct injection multidimensional liquid chromatography with a micellar cleanup and reversed-phase chromatography. PMID- 3228199 TI - Capillary zone electrophoresis with electrochemical detection in 12.7 microns diameter columns. PMID- 3228201 TI - Electrically heated cold trap inlet system for computer-controlled high-speed gas chromatography. PMID- 3228200 TI - Development of a solid-substrate room-temperature luminescence immunoassay. PMID- 3228203 TI - Surface modifications at the periosseous region of chick osteoclast as revealed by freeze-substitution. AB - Improved preservation of osteoclast fine structure can be achieved by quick freezing, freeze-substitution, or detergent extraction. With such techniques the ruffled border mainly contains a disorganized, interconnected meshwork of microfilaments (5-7 nm in diameter), whereas in the clear zone a few ordered arrays of intermediate-type filaments (10-12 nm in diameter) are detectable among the network of microfilaments. In well-frozen samples, well-preserved matrix may have occluded the cytoskeleton; detergent extraction permits visualization of the cytoskeletal components. In fresh-frozen cells an extracellular fuzzy coat overlays the ruffled border. At the site of attachment of the clear zone to the bone surface, extracellular cementing material is detected only after quick freezing. The superiority of quick freezing to preserve ultrastructure is shown in various cytoplasmic organelles. Most vesicles and vacuoles found close to the ruffled border seemed not to make contact with the extracellular matrix. Anhydrous procedures using quick freezing and freeze-substitution stabilize bone mineral in some vacuoles and in the channels of the ruffled border. PMID- 3228202 TI - Budding of small vesicles from the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in secretory ameloblasts of rat molar tooth germs. AB - The budding of small vesicles from the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (rER) was examined in the secretory ameloblast of rat molar tooth germs by ordinary fixation or prolonged osmium fixation. The budding of small vesicles from the rER was observed not only at the special region (transitional region) of the rER system, which abutted on the cis-face of the Golgi apparatus, but also at other regions of the rER in the secretory ameloblast. Small vesicles (presumed to be transitional vesicles) were adjacent to the rER, which also showed budding of vesicles. After prolonged osmium treatment, osmium deposits appeared in small vesicles, as well as in the cisternae of the cis saccule of the Golgi apparatus. Small vesicles containing osmium deposits were located at various regions of the cell, including the cis-face of the Golgi apparatus. These findings indicate that the budding of small vesicles from the rER is not restricted to the transitional region of the rER system of the secretory ameloblast, but is found at various regions of the cell. This indicates that newly synthesized proteins may be transferred from the rER cisternae to the transitional vesicles not only in the transitional region of the rER system adjacent to the Golgi apparatus, but also in other regions of the secretory ameloblast. PMID- 3228204 TI - Mitochondrial size and shape in equine skeletal muscle: a three-dimensional reconstruction study. AB - Individual mitochondria were reconstructed from ultrathin serial sections of selected muscle fibers in the M. semitendinosus of a horse, over a length of nearly two sarcomeres. Mitochondria were found to be highly variable, with size and complexity of single mitochondria increasing with the fractional part of a fiber occupied by mitochondria. In fibers with a mitochondrial volume density of less than 4%, corresponding to the mitochondrial content of fast-twitch glycolytic fibers, mitochondria were generally rather simple cylindrical shapes, oriented parallel to the myofibrils. In fibers with a mitochondrial volume density of more than 7%, corresponding to the mitochondrial content of slow oxidative or fast-oxidative glycolytic fibers, mitochondria were generally cylindrical at the A-band and Z-plate level of the muscle sarcomeres. However, these mitochondria often had transverse extensions or interconnections that occurred at the I-band level. Volumes of individual mitochondria ranged from as small as a few thousandths of a micron3 up to several micron3 for the incompletely reconstructed portions of the largest mitochondria. Mitochondrial profiles that one would classify from single sections as subsarcolemmal were found to interconnect with other profiles deeper within the fiber. This suggests that it is unlikely that subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria are two structurally distinct populations. However, we found no evidence of a reticulum completely interlinking all mitochondrial material in a muscle fiber. PMID- 3228205 TI - Morphological and biochemical changes in the adult male rat reproductive system following long-term treatment with 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. AB - Adult Long-Evans male rats were treated with various dosages of pure or technical grade 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), epichlorohydrin (Epi), or allyl chloride (AC) for 1, 3, or 6 months on a daily basis. AC, which is the substrate for the production of DBCP, and Epi, which is a contaminant and/or metabolite of DBCP, had no effect on any of the parameters of the male reproductive system studied. The deleterious effects on male reproduction are therefore attributable specifically to DBCP. The effects of DBCP were dose and duration dependent. At the lowest dose (1 mg/kg) DBCP did not have any discernible effects on the male reproductive system. By 3 months of treatment at the intermediate dose of 5 mg/kg, the morphology of the testis ranged from normally appearing seminiferous tubules to ones which contained Sertoli cells only. At 6 months of treatment there was a reduction in the weights of the testes and sexual accessory glands. At the highest dose, the majority of the rats showed advanced testicular regression by 1 month of treatment. The most extreme testicular regression was observed in the 6-month treatment group. Almost all of the seminiferous tubules of all of the rats were composed of Sertoli cells only. In some of the animals, a few isolated seminiferous tubules contained an occasional spermatogonium or primary spermatocyte. Some of the Leydig cells of the rats in this group showed morphological evidence of atrophy as evidenced by the clumping of chromatin and paucity of stainable cytoplasm. This was confirmed by lower levels of intratesticular testosterone, a significant reduction in the number of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors and increased serum levels of LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). From these results we conclude that DBCP is a specific male gonadotoxin and that the effects are not a result of contamination or metabolism. The effects appear to be a direct action at the testicular level because feedback inhibition to the pituitary gland was adversely affected. PMID- 3228206 TI - Familial male pseudohermaphroditism and testicular descent in the racoon dog (Nyctereutes). AB - Sexual differentiation was investigated in familial male pseudohermaphroditism in Nyctereutes procyonoides (Canidae). In intersex males, development of external genital organs and prostate glandular tissue was severely disturbed; Wolffian (mesonephric) duct derivatives developed prepubertally but were absent in some adults. Mullerian (paramesonephric) duct regression was complete. Testicular descent was undisturbed. Male/female sex differences in plasma testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and luteinizing hormone concentrations were present. Intersex plasma hormone concentrations were within the normal male range. The concentration of androgen receptors in pubic skin was similar in male, female, and intersex animals and no significant differences in affinity for the ligand were detected. It was concluded that in intersex animals androgen-dependent virilisation was deficient despite the presence of androgens and androgen receptors and that this condition had not affected gubernaculum development and testicular descent. PMID- 3228207 TI - A survey by scanning electron microscopy of the extracellular matrix and endothelial components of the primordial chick heart. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphogenesis of the primitive embryonic chick heart (stage 5 late primitive streak through stage 9+). Components of the developing heart (myocardium, endocardial endothelium, and extracellular matrix) were viewed from the ventral surface after removal of the endoderm. The myocardial component of the heart can first be seen by light microscopy at stage 5 as two darker oval-shaped areas located on either side of the embryonic axis in the cranial region of the embryo. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that as early as stage 6 an area of extracellular matrix, enriched in comparison to more lateral and medial splanchnic mesoderm, can be identified ventral to the myocardial primordium. As heart formation progressed we observed primordial endothelial elements in the splanchnic mesoderm lateral to the myocardial primordia. By late stage 7 these lateral primordial elements had anastomosed into small, loose plexuses. This process of anastomosis progressed rapidly, and by stage 8 the entire cranial surface of the myocardial primordium was covered with vascular plexuses. By late stage 8 the progressive fusion of these plexuses resulted in the formation of large multiple tubular elements near the midline. More medially the fusion of tubular elements resulted in a continuous endothelial sheet at the midline. PMID- 3228208 TI - Stereological study on the mode of optic cup expansion and the accumulation of mitoses in the early stages of chick embryo development. AB - The present study was designed to contribute to our understanding of the factors that take part in the developmental transformation of the optic vesicle into the optic cup. The expansion and formation of this structure are dependent upon factors such as cellular proliferation, the space or zone occupied by the growing optic cup, and environmental influences. Our investigation in the chick embryo analyzes the relationship between retinal thickness and ventricular mitotic density. This relationship is shown in the study as PEI (proliferation-expansion index). That index varies in the superior, medial and inferior regions of the retina when the zones of the same stage are compared, as well as in the comparisons of values between the 13-14 stage and the 17-18 stage. These differences indicate a different behavior of the cells constituting the retinal regions. Also discussed is the influence of the retinal fissure on the morphological changes observed during optic cup development. PMID- 3228209 TI - Horseshoe kidney: a new theory on its embryogenesis based on the study of a 16-mm human embryo. AB - We studied a human embryo of 16 mm crown-rump (CR) length in excellent condition with a horseshoe kidney malformation. An exhaustive study of this specimen and a review of published material on the human embryo brings us to propose a new theory on the embryogenesis of this malformation. The most commonly accepted theory consists of a mechanical interpretation based on the relation between the metanephroi and the umbilical arteries during the development of the latter. Nevertheless, in those cases where renal parenchyma constitutes the isthmic region, we believe that these arise from nephrogenic cells that have migrated across the primitive streak in the final phase of gastrulation and thus arise from the posterior nephrogenic area of the epiblast. PMID- 3228210 TI - Trajectory architecture of the trabecular bone between the body and the neural arch in human vertebrae. AB - The cancellous structure of vertebrae has been studied to investigate the direction of trabeculae and thus the lines of stress. The trabecular bone of the pedicle, connecting the body to the lamina, differed in different regions of the vertebral column. At C2 level, it was found that trabeculae are involved in transfer of th column. At C2 level, it was found that trabeculae are involved in transfer of the compressive forces from the superior articular surface to the inferior articular process and body. Throughout the thoracic region, trabeculae in the pedicle were inclined anteriorly towards the body, indicating that compressive forces in the thoracic spine are transferred from the neural arch to the body. In the lower lumbar region, trabeculae run from the body towards the neural arch. Trabeculae in the thoracic transverse processes extend from the costal facet to the lamina, suggesting that weight brought by the ribs to the costotransverse articulations is transmitted to laminae through transverse processes. PMID- 3228211 TI - Human abductor pollicis brevis muscle "divisions" and the nerve hila. AB - The interpretation of neuromuscular impairment may be aided by an analysis of functional anatomic factors. The anatomy of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB), a muscle used for skilled movements, was investigated in 19 embalmed hands, and the muscular divisions joining the common tendon at different sites were reproduced on clear vinyl sheets. The median nerve pathway to thenar muscles was followed to where it divides to the APB nerve and to the sites of the main terminal hila. Transverse (x) and longitudinal (y) muscle axes were established with the aid of landmarks to reproduce the nerve pathway on the skin surface. In the rather thick APB, three groups of six muscular heterogeneous divisions were regularly present. The dorsal aponeurotic expansion of the thumb receives the first group. The second group forms a continuous vertical line from the base to the body of the first phalanx. The outside site of its lateral tubercle takes the central tendon from the penniform third group. Hence, a reverse figure-seven distal insertion can be observed. The deepest medial (V2) and the most superficial lateral (V3) divisions had the highest mean diameters. The APB nerve fell between V2 and V2' and its line of projection supplied a guideline to establish an x axis at the proximal one-third of the muscle. The nerve hila plotted in relation to the x-y axes revealed a mode of location. The classical description of a thin APB muscle, made up of two bellies of parallel fibers seems incorrect. The APB nerve is not found on the deep aspect of the muscle as stated earlier, but within the muscle. The well-innervated muscular divisions point to the possibility of their individual use. The APB neuromuscular projection to the skin should allow more accurate fundamental EMG studies of the thumb and therefore provide a basis for more effective treatment in cases of impaired APB. PMID- 3228212 TI - Robertsonian heterozygosity and male sterility. AB - Meiotic and synaptonemal complex studies using electron microscopy were carried out on infertile man with a 13/14 translocation. Synaptonemal complex analysis showed a typical trivalent with incomplete pairing of the acrocentric elements. The sterilizing effect caused by the failure of synapsis is discussed. This pairing failure has a diagnostic value and a poor prognosis. PMID- 3228213 TI - Effect of aldrin on accessory sex glands and plasma testosterone levels in rats. AB - The effects of aldrin, an organochlorine insecticide, on accessory sex glands and plasma testosterone levels in rats were studied. The aldrin was administered i.p. for 13 days and 26 days at a dose of 150 micrograms/kg. Relative weights of prostate, seminal vesicles and coagulating glands were significantly decreased in the treated rats compared to those in controls. In addition, there was a significant fall in acid phosphatase activity in prostate and fructose content in accessory sex glands was also observed in treated animals. Plasma testosterone values showed a decrease with the duration of treatment. HCG supplementation with aldrin treatment prevented all those untoward effects of aldrin in experimental rats. PMID- 3228214 TI - The evaluation of routine andrological parameters in human serum. AB - A study was carried out to evaluate the andrological parameters in 540 human semen specimens divided into groups according to sperm counts. The parameters were: motility percentage and grade, percentage of viability and of morphologically normal sperm and immature cells. The Duncan multiple range test and the Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparison of ranks were used in the statistical analyses. Of particular interest, among other our findings, were the significant differences obtained by comparing the group with sperm counts up to 5 x 10(6) per ml semen and that with counts ranging from 5.1 to 10 x 10(6) per ml semen. This was true for all parameters with the exception of semen volume. Comparison of the oligozoospermic groups (up to 20 x 10(6)/ml) with those having higher sperm counts also showed significant differences. There was a trend towards improvement of the examined parameters with the increase in sperm density, but with a remarkable heterogeneity particularly within the oligozoospermic groups. In all groups motility, viability and morphological normality of sperm showed a positive correlation with each other. "Normal values" of the parameters studied could be derived from scatterplot charts over the entire range of sperm counts and from the statistical evaluation of the grouped material. PMID- 3228215 TI - Influence of long and short photoperiods on the morphology and androgen receptor levels of the epididymis and the ductus deferens of Phodopus sungorus. AB - The photoperiodic influence (LD 16:8 long photoperiod, LD 8:16 short photoperiod) on the morphology and the androgen receptor level of the epididymis and the ductus deferens of Phodopus sungorus was investigated. Under short day conditions, the wet weight of the epididymis is reduced to 5-6%, the diameter of the epididymal duct and of its lumen are reduced, the height of the epithelium and the thickness of the smooth muscle layer are increased. Number and size of epithelial and smooth muscle cells are not changed, no atrophy of the smooth muscle cells is found. The loss in wet weight during short photoperiods is discussed in relation to the loss of stored sperm and luminal fluid. The wet weight of the ductus deferens is decreased to about 30% at short photoperiods, the total length of the organ, its diameter and the luminal diameter are decreased. The height of the epithelium is slightly, and the thickness of the smooth muscle layer is strongly, reduced, the latter due to an enormous atrophy of the smooth muscle cells. The androgen receptor content of the epididymis (per pair of organs) is reduced to about 5%, that of the ductus deferens to about 10% of the values found at long photoperiods, indicating a significant loss of androgen receptors with low circulating androgen levels. PMID- 3228216 TI - Josamycin concentration in human ejaculate and its influence on sperm motility--a contribution to antibiotic therapy in andrological patients. AB - The concentration of josamycin was determined in the split ejaculate of 5 volunteers after oral administration for several days. One aim of this investigation was to examine the penetration of the macrolide antibiotic into the prostate and the seminal vesicles. 2.23 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml josamycin was found in fraction I of the ejaculate, consisting mostly of prostatic secretion, and 1.56 +/- 1.37 micrograms/ml josamycin in fraction II comprising mainly secretions from the seminal vesicles. The concentrations of josamycin found in both fractions of the ejaculate are clearly comparable with serum levels of the antibiotic. Josamycin thus attains concentrations in the prostate and seminal vesicles which are effective against Mycoplasma and Chlamydia, pathogens of increasing importance in infections of the urogenital tract. In vitro studies on samples from 30 andrological patients showed that josamycin (0.5 micrograms/ml) did not impair, but even increased the motility of spermatozoa (p less than or equal to 0.01). On the basis of these results josamycin is recommended for the treatment of andrological patients. In particular, the specific antibacterial spectrum also indicates the use of this antibiotic for treatment of the partner when children are desired. The usual precautionary measures for pregnancy must then be adhered to. PMID- 3228217 TI - Transformed spermatocytes constituting the ejaculate of an infertile man. AB - In the ejaculate of an infertile man exclusively free immature germ cells were found. Electron microscopic examination of their cytology revealed some characteristics of primary spermatocytes. After having been released from the germinal epithelium, these cells, however, have developed into totally new cell forms, which finally degenerate and disintegrate. PMID- 3228218 TI - Dynamics of heat, water, and soluble gas exchange in the human airways: 1. A model study. AB - In order to provide a means for analysis of heat, water, and soluble gas exchange with the airways during tidal ventilation, a one dimensional theoretical model describing heat and water exchange in the respiratory airways has been extended to include soluble gas exchange with the airway mucosa and water exchange with the mucous layer lining the airways. Not only do heat, water, and gas exchange occur simultaneously, but they also interact. Heating and cooling of the airway surface and mucous lining affects both evaporative water and soluble gas exchange. Water evaporation provides a major source of heat exchange. The model predicted mean airway temperature profiles agree well with literature data for both oral and nasal breathing validating that part of the model. With model parameters giving the best fit to experimental data, the model shows: (a) substantial heat recovery in the upper airways, (b) minimal respiratory heat and water loss, and (c) low average mucous temperatures and maximal increases in mucous thickness. For resting breathing of room air, heat and water conservation appear to be more important than conditioning efficiency. End-tidal expired partial pressures of very soluble gases eliminated by the lungs are predicted to be lower than the alveolar partial pressures due to the absorption of the expired gases by the airway mucosa. The model may be usable for design of experiments to examine mechanisms associated with the local hydration and dehydration dynamics of the mucosal surface, control of bronchial perfusion, triggering of asthma, mucociliary clearance and deposition of inhaled pollutant gases. PMID- 3228219 TI - Relations between hydrodynamic and mechanical properties of a sphere. AB - Important hydrodynamic characteristics of a heart chamber are isometric pressures at operating distensions, compliances at operating distensions, and wall displacement resistances at operating distensions. Wall-displacement resistance is the pressure change relative to the rate of cavity-volume change causing the pressure change. Another chamber characteristic is the dependence of wall displacement resistance on distension. Equations were derived showing dependences of hydrodynamic characteristics on dimensions and mechanical properties of a thick-walled sphere whose inner and outer fibers are comparably stretched at operating distensions. Equations could be arranged so as to identify midwall elements whose enclosed volumes best express distension. If the appropriate midwall volume is used to express distension, then the fractional change of any intensive variable (pressure, apparent average stress, apparent midwall stress, wall-displacement resistance, volume-normalized wall-displacement resistance, apparent average viscosity, apparent midwall viscosity) depends simply on a property of the wall elements and fractional distension change or fractional rate of distension change. The apparent average stress or viscosity calculated with the assumption that the quantity is uniformly distributed is virtually the value of the quantity in the midwall element. These principles should be useful in characterizing normal and abnormal myocardium in situ. PMID- 3228220 TI - Effects of chamber shape and fiber orientation on relations between fiber dynamics and chamber dynamics. AB - The function of a chamber depends on its hydrodynamic properties: isometric pressures it can exert in the operating range of distensions, compliances in the operating range of distensions, and wall-displacement resistances in the operating range of distensions. Wall-displacement resistance is the departure of pressure from isometric pressure relative to rate of cavity-volume change. The dependence of pressure on average stress and wall/cavity volume ratio is indifferent to chamber shape, which suggests that the volume-based compliance elastance and resistance-viscosity equations would be only moderately shape dependent. The present study shows that this supposition is correct. If the wall is thin, these relations are shape indifferent. At higher wall/cavity volume ratio, cylindricity increases slightly the P-V-curve slope relative to elastance and either increases slightly or does not affect resistance relative to viscosity. The compliance-elastance and resistance-viscosity relations also depend only slightly on fiber orientation. Therefore, with the sphere equations, one can account accurately for normal and abnormal function of a prolate spheroid in terms of volume dimensions of the wall and apparent average fiber properties. PMID- 3228221 TI - The electrical potential produced by a strand of cardiac muscle: a bidomain analysis. AB - Analytic expressions are derived relating the transmembrane potential to the intracellular, interstitial and external potentials in a cylindrical strand of cardiac muscle lying in a saline bath. The bidomain model is used to account for the anisotropy and interstitial space in the tissue. The implications of this model for interpreting potential data from strands of cardiac muscle are discussed. PMID- 3228224 TI - APA-accredited predoctoral internships for doctoral training in psychology: 1988. PMID- 3228222 TI - Electrical stimulation of the motor cortex: theoretical considerations. AB - The aim of this paper is to present the results of a theoretical analysis of the intracranial fields produced by electrical stimulation of the unexposed motor cortex with surface electrodes in humans. Simulations of a first approximation model of the head indicate that the intensity and the spatial configuration of the intracranial fields can be controlled, to a great extent, by proper choice of the location and of the number of the stimulating electrodes. Fields are shown to be reasonably insensitive to changes of some crucial parameters, like the number of the stimulating electrodes and the ratio between the conductivity of the skull and that of the other tissues. PMID- 3228223 TI - The mystery of RSI. PMID- 3228225 TI - APA-accredited doctoral programs in professional psychology: 1988. PMID- 3228226 TI - The empirical basis of ethnocultural and linguistic bias in mental health evaluations of Hispanics. PMID- 3228227 TI - Psychology and public policy in the "health care revolution". PMID- 3228228 TI - Enzyme engineering 9. PMID- 3228229 TI - Behavior and application of immobilized micrococcal nuclease. PMID- 3228230 TI - Properties and potential applications of arginase immobilized by radiation induced polymerization of acrylic monomers. PMID- 3228231 TI - Stabilization of glycoenzymes by cross-linking of their carbohydrate chains. AB - The results presented here demonstrate the potential applicability of the described cross-linking method for preparation of soluble glycoenzyme derivatives. The high level of the retained enzyme activity supports the assumption that this approach is superior to the cross-linking through the protein part. In this study, high mannose-type glycoproteins were used. However, the complex-type glycoproteins that are spread among glycoproteins of higher eukaryotes also can be cross-linked by this procedure because, at the least, the terminal monosaccharide will be oxidized by periodate. Moreover, this approach may be applicable when dealing with partially purified glycoenzymes because the protein impurities are not expected to interfere with the cross-linking reaction. Besides cross-linking, other kinds of chemical modifications of glycoenzymes through the carbohydrate part are possible. This, in turn, could lead to changes in the physicochemical and catalytic properties of the enzymes, thereby opening a new field of glycoenzyme engineering. PMID- 3228233 TI - Performance of enzyme separation and purification by improved simulated-moving bed chromatography. PMID- 3228232 TI - Modification of urokinase. PMID- 3228235 TI - Novel D-amino acid transaminase. PMID- 3228234 TI - Lipase modified for solubility in organic solvents. PMID- 3228236 TI - The exploration of the active-site cavity of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. PMID- 3228237 TI - Oxidoreduction of steroids with immobilized hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and cofactor regeneration. PMID- 3228238 TI - Enzymatic process for the production of pharmacologically useful nucleosides. PMID- 3228239 TI - Amplified ellipsometry for studies of biomolecular interactions. PMID- 3228240 TI - Integrated microbiosensors for medical use. PMID- 3228241 TI - Nylon affinity tubes. Modification of nylon for coupling nonprotein antigens and its use in affinity trapping of antibodies. PMID- 3228242 TI - Medical applications of artificial cells in transfusion, phenylketonuria, essential amino acid production, and liver support. PMID- 3228243 TI - Heparinase immobilization. Characterization and optimization. PMID- 3228244 TI - Development of an efficient method for generating and screening active trypsin and trypsin variants. PMID- 3228245 TI - Effect of salts on enzyme stability. PMID- 3228246 TI - Reactivation of inactivated enzyme superoxide dismutase by using the conformation rebuilding method. AB - We believe that the activities of reactivated and reconstituted enzymes can be completely recovered if optimum conditions of reactivation and reconstitution are found. PMID- 3228247 TI - A new metal-peptide complex displays the activity of superoxide dismutase. PMID- 3228248 TI - Uncertainties, fuzzy reasoning, and expert systems in bioengineering. PMID- 3228249 TI - Impact on the fetus of parental sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 3228251 TI - The definitions of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 3228250 TI - Hepatitis B virus and the neonate. PMID- 3228252 TI - Association of birth rates with child health and human welfare. A global view. PMID- 3228255 TI - The impact of Chlamydia trachomatis on mother and infant. PMID- 3228254 TI - Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in pregnant women and neonates. PMID- 3228253 TI - Syphilis among mothers and children. PMID- 3228256 TI - Genital mycoplasma infections in infertile patients and their conceptuses. PMID- 3228257 TI - Mycoplasmalike particles within the placenta. A potential placental-fetal pathogen. PMID- 3228258 TI - Safety and health co-operation in a changing world. PMID- 3228259 TI - Experimental assessment of operator exposure by inspiration, for highly-charged droplets produced by an Electrodyn crop sprayer. PMID- 3228260 TI - Gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the pyrolysis products of fire retardant and intumescent paints. PMID- 3228262 TI - Air exchange efficiency of displacement ventilation in a printing plant. PMID- 3228261 TI - The effect of aggregation on the counting precision of mould spores on filters. PMID- 3228263 TI - Chemical composition and particle morphology of brazing fume from cadmium brazing alloy and fluoroborate flux. PMID- 3228264 TI - Contamination by organic solvents in auto paint shops. PMID- 3228265 TI - Protection of personnel during prolonged exposure to cold, wet environments. PMID- 3228266 TI - Endotoxins in inhalation research. Summary of conclusions of a workshop held at Clearwater, Florida, U.S.A., 28-30 September 1987. PMID- 3228267 TI - Cadmium and cancer: the current position. Report of an international meeting in London, September 1988. PMID- 3228268 TI - [Treatment of inguinal lymph nodes in cancer of the penis. Apropos of 85 cases treated at the Institut Curie]. PMID- 3228269 TI - [Treatment of hallux valgus by plasty of the adductor tendon of the great toe]. PMID- 3228270 TI - Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: central pathophysiological mechanisms, Part I. AB - The duration of the antiparkinsonian action of levodopa was studied in 48 patients with various response patterns to the oral administration of the dopamine precursor. Deterioration in motor scores after abrupt cessation of a steady-state intravenous levodopa infusion occurred at two successive rates: an initial rapid phase followed by a terminal slower phase. Efficacy half-time decreased and initial efficacy decay slope increased with progression of levodopa response groups from never treated to stable responders, and then to fluctuating responders of the wearing-off type and finally of the on-off type. Efficacy half time exceeded plasma levodopa half-life in the 2 nonfluctuating groups, approximated it in those patients with wearing-off responses, and was significantly shorter in patients with fluctuations of the on-off type. The half times for the decline in antiparkinsonian efficacy and dyskinesia severity differed significantly, suggesting different pharmacological mechanisms. Motor fluctuation severity correlated best with initial efficacy decay slope, and both were best predicted by parkinsonian symptom severity. The dyskinesia decay rate correlated most closely with levodopa dose. These results support the view that progressive dopamine neuron degeneration reduces the brain's ability to buffer shifts in levodopa availability attending its periodic oral administration; the clinical result is wearing-off phenomenon. The on-off phenomenon as well as dyskinesia apparently reflects additional secondary changes related to levodopa therapy and occurring postsynaptically. PMID- 3228271 TI - Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: central pathophysiological mechanisms, Part II. AB - The contribution of central pharmacodynamic mechanisms to the pathogenesis of motor fluctuations in advanced Parkinson's disease was studied in 29 patients by evaluating their acute response to intravenously injected levodopa. While the threshold dose for an antiparkinsonian effect did not change, that for induction of dyskinesia showed a progressive reduction in 4 groups: (1) levodopa-naive patients, (2) those with a stable response to oral administration, and (3) those with wearing-off or (4) on-off fluctuations. Concomitantly, the therapeutic window for levodopa narrowed and the levodopa dose-antiparkinsonian response slope increased. The antiparkinsonian threshold dose correlated best with duration of symptoms; the dyskinesia threshold dose, therapeutic window, and dose response slope related most closely with the duration of levodopa treatment. The differing dose-response profiles for the antiparkinsonian and dyskinetic effects suggest involvement of separate pharmacological mechanisms. The present results, taken together with previous observations that the wearing-off phenomenon responds promptly to plasma levodopa stabilization while on-off fluctuations tend to diminish over several days, suggest that postsynaptic modifications, presumably at the receptor level, serve as the major determinant for the increasing difficulty with optimal dose adjustment and the motor fluctuations, especially of the on-off type, which complicate levodopa therapy of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3228272 TI - The corpus callosum is larger with right-hemisphere cerebral speech dominance. AB - Variations in the size of the human corpus callosum were examined as a possible morphological substrate of functional asymmetries of the cerebral hemispheres, such as cerebral speech dominance. The midsagittal surface area of the corpus callosum, obtained by magnetic resonance imaging, was measured in 50 patients with epilepsy and 50 neurologically normal control subjects. The mean callosal area did not differ significantly between patients and control subjects, between left-handed and right-handed subjects, or between men and women. When measurements were compared among 44 patients, whose cerebral speech dominance had been determined by the intracarotid injection of sodium amytal, the area of the corpus callosum was significantly greater in patients with right-hemisphere cerebral speech dominance. The mean callosal area was greater by 109 to 159 square millimeters (18-28%) when compared to that of patients with either left hemisphere speech dominance or bilateral speech representation. This difference in midsagittal surface area could represent as many as 37 to 54 million additional callosal axons in subjects with right-hemisphere cerebral speech dominance. PMID- 3228273 TI - Comparison of rate of annual change of mental status score in four independent studies of patients with Alzheimer's disease. AB - Longitudinal studies of subjects with autopsy-proven Alzheimer's disease in one skilled nursing home and of clinically diagnosed cases (NINCDS/ADRDA criteria) in three community cohorts are compared with regard to the annual rate of change in the error score of the Blessed information-memory-concentration test (IMC) in which the maximum number of errors possible is 33. The four cohorts differed significantly from each other in regard to age, education, sex, and the degree of dementia as measured by the initial IMC score. Subjects spanned the age range of 52 to 96 years and had 2 to 20 years of education. The rate of change in error score per year was similar whether the initial error score was 0 to 7, 8 to 15, or 16 to 23; however, the rate was reduced when the initial error score was 24 or above, due to a ceiling effect of the test. Among subjects with initial IMC scores less than 24, the annual rate of change varied considerably. However, the mean annual rate of change, 4.4 errors (SD +/- 3.6, SEM +/- 0.3) per year, was independent of residence in a nursing home, location of the study site, and of the patient's sex or education. Of particular importance was the finding that the rate of change in mental test score was independent of age. It can be concluded that the rate of cognitive deterioration in patients with Alzheimer's disease is quite variable among individuals and is independent of the patient's age and whether the patient resides in the community or in a nursing home.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228274 TI - Torsional nystagmus in the lateral medullary syndrome. AB - Torsional nystagmus was recorded in 3 patients with the lateral medullary syndrome. Magnetic search coil oculography demonstrated slow phases of nystagmus of increasing, decreasing, and constant velocity. Neural integration of torsional eye velocity commands to position commands is impaired by lateral medullary infarction. Torsional pulsion of saccades, consisting of torsional fast eye movements induced during saccades downward or away from the side of infarction, was recorded in 2 patients. All patients had skew deviation with hypotropia on the side of brainstem damage. The torsional nystagmus beat away from the side of infarction in each patient, but in one it alternated direction as the eyes drifted about a neutral position of torsion. We attribute the torsional nystagmus to an imbalance of central projections from the anterior and posterior semicircular canals and the otolith receptors that mediate ocular counterroll. PMID- 3228275 TI - Effects of chronic phenobarbital exposure on cultured mouse spinal cord neurons. AB - The anticonvulsant phenobarbital (PB), at concentrations of 20, 40, and 90 micrograms/ml, was chronically applied to cell cultures of mouse spinal cord from day 2 or day 14 after initial plating, and the effects of this exposure on neuronal density and morphological characteristics were determined. Neuronal morphological characteristics were analyzed quantitatively following intracellular injection of the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow. Cultures exposed to PB for 6 weeks, from day 14 after plating, showed concentration-dependent reductions in neuronal density; both large and small neurons were equally affected. PB exposure also reduced dendritic branching frequency, and the length of dendrites, of remaining large neurons. A higher percentage of these neurons had a bipolar branching pattern than was normally the case. Neurons in cultures exposed to PB from day 2 after plating, compared with those exposed from day 14, showed significantly less alteration in terms of density and morphological characteristics. Effects on neuronal morphological characteristics increased with duration of drug exposure. Equimolar concentrations of barbituric acid produced effects similar to those produced by PB. Chronic exposure to PB adversely affects survival and morphological characteristics of mammalian central neurons grown in cell culture. Curiously, exposure from the time of initial plating appears to be less deleterious than exposure initiated 2 weeks later. To the extent that neuronal development in vitro can be compared to the situation in vivo, these results, and those of other investigators, raise concerns about long-term exposure of the developing human nervous system to PB. PMID- 3228276 TI - Recording of movement-related potentials from the human cortex. AB - A patient with intractable epilepsy secondary to a brain tumor was evaluated with a chronically implanted array of 64 stainless-steel subdural electrodes covering the perirolandic area. Cortical potentials associated with voluntary, self-paced middle-finger extension were recorded simultaneously from subdural and scalp electrodes using a computer-assisted method for averaging movement-related potential (MRP) in relation to electromyographic (EMG) onset. A high-amplitude negative potential, Bereitschaftspotential/negative slope (BP/NS'), preceding the onset of the EMG activity by more than 1 sec was recorded in an extremely localized fashion exclusively from electrodes placed in the precentral hand motor area as well as in the more medial part of the somatosensory hand area. These results suggest that the hand motor and sensory areas have an essential participation in the generation of MRPs and, therefore, also in the preparation of voluntary finger movements. PMID- 3228277 TI - Paroxysmal unilateral dysosmia: a cured patient. AB - A 31-year-old woman with an 11-year history of unilateral paroxysmal olfactory hallucinations was cured by resection of the homolateral olfactory bulb, which was believed to be the site of origin of the noxious smell. PMID- 3228278 TI - Mucking around with Peter Pan. PMID- 3228279 TI - Metabolic brain changes in adolescence: one aspect of a global reorganization? PMID- 3228280 TI - First annual meeting of the Society for Experimental Neuropathology. October 1, 1988, Philadelphia, PA. Abstracts. PMID- 3228281 TI - Small particle aerosols of enviroxime-containing liposomes. AB - Enviroxime inhibits the replication of all rhinoviruses tested in vitro at very low concentrations (10-100 ng/ml), but evaluations in humans have not consistently shown efficacy. Lack of an appropriate method for administering this water-insoluble drug may have contributed to the latter result. The present report describes the characteristics and utilization of small particle aerosols to continuously deliver enviroxime-containing liposomes (LE) throughout the respiratory tract. The enviroxime content of liposomes and biological fluids of exposed individuals was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography using C18 resin, a mobile phase of 60:40 acetonitrile:water, and monitoring at 215 nm. Small particle aerosols of LE generated by Puritan-Bennett nebulizers had mass median diameters ranging from 2.4 to 3.1 microns. The concentration of enviroxime in aerosol particles was proportional to the reservoir concentration; during the first hour of operation, the mean concentration was 20 micrograms of enviroxime/l of aerosol. Liposome particles in the reservoir, although initially heterogeneous in size (less than 0.1 to greater than 1 micron), were processed by passage through the nebulizer to smaller, more homogeneous particles; the majority were less than 0.2 micron. In a preliminary study to evaluate short term tolerance and toxicity, five volunteers were exposed to small particle aerosol of LE for 1 h. At 1 h post-treatment, large amounts of enviroxime were still present in the nasal wash as determined both by HPLC and biological assay. Enviroxime was not detected in any urine sample and was detected in only 1 of 5 serum samples. No side effects were noted. This data suggest that liposome aerosols offer a method for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds for the treatment of respiratory diseases. PMID- 3228282 TI - The efficacy of amantadine and other antiviral compounds against two salmonid viruses in vitro. AB - Various compounds, with known clinical efficacy against human viruses, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV, a rhabdovirus), and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV, a birnavirus), in rainbow trout cell cultures. Amantadine inhibited the plaque forming ability of IHNV, at concentrations which did not affect cell growth or morphology, although it was not active against IPNV. Metisazone and bis benzimidazole were also effective against IHNV; but they were slightly cytotoxic. Ribavirin, as expected, was active against IPNV, but was also equally effective against IHNV, although it was cytotoxic. Several other compounds were also tested but they were not inhibitory to either virus. The attraction of amantadine is the fact that relatively easy administration should be feasible. PMID- 3228283 TI - Effects of smoked marijuana on food intake and body weight of humans living in a residential laboratory. AB - Six adult male research volunteers, in two groups of three subjects each, lived in a residential laboratory for 13 days. All contact with the experimenter was through a networked computer system and subjects' behaviors, including food intake, were continuously recorded. During the first part of the day, subjects remained in continuously recorded. During the first part of the day, subjects remained in their private rooms doing planned work activities, and during the remainder of the day, they were allowed to socialize. Two cigarettes containing active marijuana (2.3% delta 9 THC) or placebo were smoked during both the private work period and the period of access to social activities. Smoked active marijuana significantly increased total daily caloric intake by 40%. Increased food intake was evident during both private and social periods. The increase in caloric intake was due to an increased consumption of snack foods as a consequence of an increase in the number of snacking occasions. There was no significant change in caloric consumption during meals. The principal increase within the category of snack foods was in the intake of sweet solid items, e.g., candy bars, compared to sweet fluid, e.g., soda, or savory solid items, e.g., potato chips. Increases in body weight during periods of active marijuana smoking were greater than predicted by caloric intake alone. PMID- 3228284 TI - Salivary response to olfactory food stimuli in anorexics and bulimics. AB - Salivary response to olfactory food stimuli was assessed in controls and in anorexia nervosa and bulimia in-patients before and after two months of treatment. Before treatment, anorexics salivated less then controls while bulimics salivated more than controls. Following treatment, the salivary responses of eating-disordered subjects were much closer to controls. Salivary response to food was correlated with a measure of variability in caloric consumption. There may be two styles of dietary restraint: strict, unrelenting dieting, or the "dieting drone", exemplified by anorexic patients, and variable, "fence-sitting" dietary restraint, exemplified by bulimic patients. It is suggested that this two-style theory is able to account for past contradictory findings of heightened or suppressed saliva flow rates in dieters. PMID- 3228285 TI - On the organization of satiety. PMID- 3228286 TI - Away with rat chow! PMID- 3228287 TI - Do we really need new concepts to explain satiety? I think not. PMID- 3228288 TI - Satiating efficiency and the satieties. PMID- 3228290 TI - Organization of satiety. PMID- 3228289 TI - The functional properties of feeding, or why we still need the black box. PMID- 3228291 TI - Immobilization of a primary amine-containing drug, adriamycin. Coupling to crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol and mechanistic comparison of hydrolytic stability. AB - Literature reports have described the covalent coupling of the primary amine containing anticancer drug, adriamycin, to polymeric supports through the amine group on the drug. These reports also have described drug mechanism studies with the immobilized adriamycin, where the release of the drug would undermine the validity of the conclusions. In the present paper, detailed experimental conditions are given for preparation of nonwater-soluble particles of polyvinyl alcohol by crosslinking water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol with 1,4 benzenedicarboxaldehyde, and for activation with cyanuric chloride and covalent attachment of adriamycin. The expected stability of this drug-support linkage against hydrolytic cleavage is compared mechanistically to that expected for less stable coupling through a carbamate linkage or for less stable coupling via an azomethine link. PMID- 3228292 TI - Induction and catabolite repression of cellulase in Penicillium funiculosum. AB - The regulation of endoglucanase synthesis in Penicillium funiculosum is investigated using a method based on the viscosity lowering effect on carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) by endoglucanase. Cellobiose (1 mg/L) causes induction, whereas glucose (5 g/L) does not repress the enzyme formation. Lactose (5 g/L) has no effect on the synthesis of cellulase. Avicel and cellulose powder (CP) are the best inducers of cellulase and xylanase activity. Both endoglucanase and xylanase activity were induced by CMC, whereas xylan induced only xylanase activity. The effect of protease on induction of cellulase activity is discussed. PMID- 3228293 TI - Mode of action and synergism of cellulases from Penicillium funiculosum. AB - A 1,4-beta-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91) and 1,4-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.4) were purified from the culture filtrates of Penicillium funiculosum by using preparative isoelectric focusing. Both the enzymes were homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel with and without sodium dodecyl sulphate. The mol wt of the cellobiohydrolase and endoglucanase were 14,400 and 25,000 respectively. The purified enzymes were free of beta-glucosidase activity. Acting in isolation, the cellobiohydrolase had little capacity for solubilizing Avicel or Walseth cellulose, but showed increased rates of hydrolysis when combined with endoglucanase. Cellobiose inhibition (50%) was observed in the initial rate of the hydrolysis of Walseth cellulose. It was also observed that cellobiohydrolase initiates the attack on crystalline cellulose. PMID- 3228294 TI - Potentiometric studies of selective reactions of bioactive substances on the surface-modified tantalum electrodes. AB - The method of highly selective potentiometric detection of bioactive substances developed by us has been much improved by using tantalum metal as a electrode material, by employment of a new method of modification (using gamma aminopropyltriethoxysilane and cyanogen bromide), and by the pretreatment with inert protein before the measurement. As the consequence, the response in the electrode potential shift has been increased and the reproducibility of the data reached almost 100%. PMID- 3228295 TI - Immobilization/stabilization of lipase from Candida rugosa. AB - With the aim of fixing the enzyme to the matrix by multiple covalent linkages, lipase from Candida rugosa (formerly cylindracea) has been insolubilized through its amino groups on Sepharose 6B previously activated with 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol. Two main variables that are known to control the number of bonds formed have been tested: the contact time between enzyme and activated support, and the temperature at which the immobilization reaction is carried out. Studies on activity and stability of the different derivatives prepared showed that higher temperatures and longer contact times lead to insolubilized enzymes that are more resistant to inactivation by temperature and the presence of organic solvents. At 50 degrees C and pH 7.2, the insoluble lipase was found to be 140 times more stable than its soluble counterpart. PMID- 3228296 TI - Spatial differences and temporal trends of organochlorine compounds in biota from the northwestern hemisphere. PMID- 3228297 TI - Tissue distribution and excretion of hexabromobenzene and its debrominated metabolites in the rat. PMID- 3228298 TI - Different forms of mineral nitrogen in drinking water and the Balkan nephropathy. PMID- 3228299 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of the effects of low-level radiation exposure on natural populations of slider turtles (Pseudemys scripta). PMID- 3228300 TI - Point/counterpoint. PMID- 3228301 TI - Psychosynthesis: evolutionary framework for psychotherapy. PMID- 3228302 TI - Predictors of divorce in long-term marriages. PMID- 3228303 TI - Use of open report as a staff-patient model of communication on a schizophrenia research unit: a case report. PMID- 3228304 TI - Family caregivers of the elderly: involvement and reactions to care. PMID- 3228306 TI - Promoting interprofessional collegiality: national and state models. PMID- 3228305 TI - Meperidine addiction associated with amphoteracin treatment in leukemia: case study and staff reaction. PMID- 3228307 TI - [Pseudo-intraepithelial blood vessels in the ventral lobule of the prostate in the white rat. Preliminary study]. PMID- 3228308 TI - [Ovarian vein syndrome]. PMID- 3228309 TI - [Low-pressure enterocystoplasty in bladder cancer. Preliminary results with a new technical modification]. PMID- 3228310 TI - [Fibroepithelial polyp of the ureter]. PMID- 3228311 TI - [Urinary calculi in childhood]. PMID- 3228312 TI - [Ureteroscopy: technical considerations, indications and results]. PMID- 3228313 TI - [Low internal urethrotomy under direct vision (Sachse technic)]. PMID- 3228314 TI - [Therapeutic means in Peyronie's disease]. PMID- 3228315 TI - [CAT in hepatorenal polycystosis in the adult]. PMID- 3228316 TI - [Chemical pericystitis: a severe complication of the intravesical instillation of adriamycin]. PMID- 3228317 TI - [Endoscopic suspension of the bladder neck in urinary incontinence. Modification of the Stamey technic]. PMID- 3228318 TI - [Continuing the business of the Great October Revolution]. PMID- 3228320 TI - [New stereoselective catalysts in doxycycline synthesis]. AB - Formation of the doxycycline diastereoisomer along with doxycycline during hydrogenation of the methacycline exocyclic double bond lowered the yield of the main product. The use of tris-(triphenylphosphine)-rhodium chloride (Wilkinson catalyst) as a catalyst provided higher stereoselectivity of the hydrogenation and resulted in predominant production of doxycycline. Inclusion of some ligands such as hydrazine or others into the composition of the compound rhodium catalyst increased its activity. The stereoselectivity during hydrogenation of the methacycline exocyclic double bond can be explained by different rates of hydrogen attachment to the two enantiomeric products of the compound rhodium catalyst addition to the exocyclic double bond. PMID- 3228319 TI - [Coefficients of distribution of cyclic polyether macrotetrolide antibiotics between hydrophobic and hydrophilic solvents]. AB - Dependence of distribution of 14C-macrotetrolide antibiotics between water and chloroform on the presence of various additives in the aqueous phase was studied with the radioindicator procedure. It was shown that in comparison to distilled water aqueous solutions of chlorine salts of ammonium, potassium and sodium increased the content of macrotetrolides in chloroform as a result of forming strong hydrophobic complexes. This is especially applied to the ions of ammonium whose addition to the aqueous phase led to an increase of macrotetrolide level in chloroform up to 98.4 per cent. Addition of weak hydrochloric acid or alkaline agents resulted in marked transfer of the ionophores into the aqueous phase at the expense of hydrolysis of the antibiotic cyclic molecules. The highest hydrolysis levels were induced by potassium hydroxide, the content of the ionophores in the hydrophobic phase decreasing up to 90.6 per cent. The effect of picric acid on distribution of the macrotetrolides between water and chloroform was different and depended on its concentration. PMID- 3228322 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria]. AB - Antibiotic resistance of 132 strains of nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria (NGNB) was studied. 43, 20, 17, 14 and 12 of them belonged to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (anitratus and lwoffi), Pseudomonas cepacia, Alcaligenes faecalis, P. stutzeri and P. maltophilia, respectively. With rare exceptions all the strains were resistant to benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, lincomycin, ampicillin and cephaloridine. Sensitivity to the other antibiotics varied within wide ranges. Amikacin (94.3 per cent) and tobramycin (90.8 per cent), as well as polymyxin, rifampicin and gentamicin (71.7-66.9 per cent) had the highest effect. The majority of the antibiotics had higher activity (p less than 0.01) against the tested NGNB as compared to their activity against P. aeruginosa. Antibioticograms of every of the tested species of NGNB revealed that P. cepacia and P. stutzeri were the most resistant species. The biovars of Acinetobacter varied in their antibiotic resistance: A. subsp. lwoffi was more sensitive to the majority of the antibiotics though some of them, i.e. doxycycline, carbenicillin, and polymyxin were more active against A. subsp. anitratus. PMID- 3228321 TI - [Biodegradation of pollutants in the aerial discharges from antibiotic biosynthesis]. AB - Possible biodegradation of air pollution from antibiotic biosynthesis in the form of water condensates was studied in a 1000 ml laboratory bioreactor with using active sludge. The biodegradation of such a pollution was shown possible. The process kinetics was described by the Michaelis-Menten equation. The values of the equation constants were calculated. PMID- 3228323 TI - [Effect of astasilid on the stimulation of peritoneal macrophages]. AB - The effect of astasilid, a sucrose monoester and the effect of mainly unsaturated fatty acids from the lipid fraction of Astasia longa on immunocompetent cells- macrophages of the mouse peritoneal cavity were studied. It was shown that astasilid increased 7.5-8.5-fold expression of Fc-receptors on the macrophage plasmic membranes and stimulated 5.5-6.5-fold the macrophage capacity for Fc dependent phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells. Astasilid had no effect on migration of the macrophages into the abdominal cavity. PMID- 3228324 TI - [Passage of hybridomas in male BALB/c mice]. AB - For cultivating hybridomas in the ascitic form there are usually used female mice BALB/c and not male ones. Efficiency of production of monoclonal antibodies with cultivation of the hybridomas in male and female mice BALB/c was studied comparatively. The animals were stimulated to form ascite by administration of the incomplete Freund's adjuvant or 3 per cent peptone with petrolatum oil. Some parameters of the ascite formation were studied: viability of the hybridoma cells, ascitic fluid formation period and volume, hybridoma cell concentration and titers of monoclonal antibodies in the ascitic fluid. In regard to all the parameters studied the male animals were not inferior to the female ones and in case of one of the hybridomas even surpassed them twofold by the volume of the ascitic fluid formed. This is evident of possible using male mice for mass cultivation of hybridoma cells with a purpose of obtaining preparative amounts of monoclonal antibodies in production of immunodiagnostic agents on their basis. PMID- 3228325 TI - [Effect of antibiotics on indices of immunologic reactivity in mice]. AB - The effect of ristomycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, and cephaloridine on the indices of cellular and humoral immunity was studied comparatively on intact animals and on animals with secondary immune deficiency. The study of the antibiotic effect on the count of rosette-forming lymphocytes (RFL) and the total count of lymphocytes showed that all the antibiotics except streptomycin induced a significant decrease in the count of RFL. The most active was kanamycin. It lowered the count of RFL 5-fold as compared to the control. The total count of lymphocytes was lowered after administration of ristomycin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin. In the animals with immune deficiency induced by cyclophosphamide benzylpenicillin potentiated the inhibitory effect of cyclophosphamide on the weight of the lymphoid organs, while streptomycin lowered the effect of cyclophosphamide. No such effect was observed with the use of the other antibiotics. The data indicated the necessity of taking into account the effect of various antibiotics on the immune system, especially under conditions of immune deficiency. PMID- 3228326 TI - [Effect of yeast polysaccharides on the functional activity of macrophages in white mice]. AB - It was shown that the effect of polysaccharides such as hetero- and homoglycans, polyuronides and neutral polysaccharides on the functional status of macrophages was different by the activation level. The activity of the polysaccharides depended on the charge and polymeric properties of the molecules, glycoside bond configuration and supermolecular structure. PMID- 3228327 TI - [Experimental antimetastatic activity of aclarubicin]. AB - Marked antimetastatic activity of aclarubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, was demonstrated on models of spontaneous and artificial metastases of murine tumors such as Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B16. The activity depended on the antibiotic dose and administration regimen. The highest antitumor effect of aclarubicin was observed when the antibiotic was used at the earliest periods after intravenous injection of the tumor cells (the model of artificial metastases) or after amputation of the limb with the tumor (spontaneous metastases). Aclarubicin was active after administration by any of the routes used: intravenous, intraperitoneal and oral, the latter by its efficiency being not inferior to the parenteral administration. When used intravenously aclarubicin showed activity similar to that of adriamycin. However, after oral administration only aclarubicin had antimetastatic action. PMID- 3228328 TI - [Preparation of lysozyme immobilized on textile carriers and its use in treating suppurative wounds]. AB - Immobilized forms of lysozyme were prepared by its covalent binding on dialdehyde cellulose and polycaproamide fibres as woven and knitted fabrics respectively. The preparations were estimated by the content of protein and bacteriolytic activity. The lysozyme activity per 1 g of the carrier and the protein content on dialdehyde cellulose were several times higher than those on polycaproamide while the specific activity of lysozyme on the polycaproamide carrier was somewhat higher than that on dialdehyde cellulose. The effect of the immobilized lysozyme in treatment of purulent wounds was studied on albino rats. It was shown that the periods of the wound healing with the use of the immobilized lysozyme were shorter than those with the use of native lysozyme. Cytological and morphological investigation of the wound wall confirmed the higher efficacy of the lysozyme immobilized forms in treatment of purulent wounds as compared to the use of the native enzyme. PMID- 3228329 TI - [The current importance of semisynthetic cephalosporins in the antibiotic therapy of bacterial infections (informational data)]. PMID- 3228330 TI - The neurotoxicity of phenobarbital and its effect in preventing pentylenetetrazole-induced maximal seizure in aging mice. AB - The effects of age on the neurotoxicity of phenobarbital and its anticonvulsant effect were examined in female BDF1 mice of different ages by means of a rotorod test and the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced maximal seizure, respectively. The minimal neurotoxic concentrations (MTCs) of phenobarbital in both plasma and brain evaluated by a rotorod test were 50% lower (p less than 0.05) in old (24 months-old) mice compared with the respective values in young (6-months-old) mice, while 12-months values were the highest of the three groups. Mice given some dosages of phenobarbital, particularly old (24-months-old) mice, died within the 15-min observation period after an i.p. injection of PTZ (150 mg/kg) without demonstrating a hindlimb extensor component (HLE) of maximal seizure. When these animals were classified as responders with regard to the anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital, the minimal effective concentrations (MECs) in plasma and brain required for abolishing the PTZ-induced maximal seizure in old mice were only 10 20% those of young mice. Present results coupled with our past studies using electroshock seizure suggest that both the neurotoxicity and the efficacy of phenobarbital increase with age in mice. PMID- 3228331 TI - Nightly variation of periodic leg movements in sleep in middle aged and elderly individuals. AB - This study investigated night-to-night variation in periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS). PLMS are common in the elderly, but their mechanism and significance are not understood. Forty-five aged individuals (means = 69.7 years) were studied polysomnographically for 2 or 3 nights with surface electrodes placed above the anterior tibialis. Results indicated that PLMS varied considerably from night to night within individuals, though there was not a significant difference between nights for the entire group. Some evidence indicated that individuals with less severe sleep complaints showed greater nightly variation. The nightly variation in PLMS was over four times as large as the nightly variation in breathing disturbance in sleep, another condition common in the sleep of the aged. These data suggest that studies relating PLMS to other key variables (e.g. symptoms of disturbed sleep) should rely on multiple nights of data or, if single night data are used, be particularly careful to replicate findings across samples. PMID- 3228332 TI - Quantification of urinary incontinence in elderly women with the 48-hour pad test. AB - The ability of 34 elderly women (79 +/- 6 years, range 71-95 years) with urinary incontinence to perform the 48-h perineal pad test in their home environment was investigated. The mean involuntary urinary loss during the 48-h observation period was 80 +/- 88 g (range (2-411 g). Thirty patients successfully compared the two perineal pad systems commercially available in Sweden (LIC and Molnlycke). Twelve women considered the systems to be equivalent. Thirteen women preferred the Molnlycke system while five women preferred the LIC system. There was a good correlation between the patients own weighing of the pads and control weighings at the clinic, performed on a precision weight scale (LIC: n = 15, r = 0.99; Molnlycke: n = 15, r = 0.99). The 48-h perineal pad test performed in the patients home environment should have a given place in the investigation of urinary incontinence amongst elderly women. PMID- 3228333 TI - Adrenocortical function in old age as reflected by plasma cortisol and ACTH test during the course of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Adrenocortical function, as reflected by sequential analysis of plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) test, was investigated in elderly patients (greater than or equal to 65 years) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and compared to young patients (less than or equal to 55 years) with AMI. Further, age-matched subjects admitted with ischaemic chest pain, in whom AMI was not verified, served as controls. Following infarction, plasma cortisol peaked within 24 hours in both age groups, whereupon the cortisol level gradually decreased till day 12. Plasma cortisol during AMI disclosed no age-related difference, but was significantly correlated to the localization of infarction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The development of complications, i.e. hypotension, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia, calling for therapeutic intervention, was solely correlated to infarct size, as estimated by peak LDH. Young and elderly patients responded equally and normally to ACTH stimulation, and in both groups a significant, positive correlation between the basal and the 30-min plasma cortisol was observed. Thus, we may conclude that in patients with AMI, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) response to stress and ACTH test shows no repression due to age. PMID- 3228335 TI - Contingent negative variation (CNV) differences between cerebrovascular patients with and without dementia. AB - This study investigated the clinical usefulness of the contingent negative variation (CNV) as a neurophysiological index of cognitive dysfunction associated with cerebrovascular disease. A total of 31 patients ranging in age from 45 to 88 years with the diagnosis of a stroke were included. Nineteen patients were classified as demented according to clinical assessment and the Mental Deterioration Index (MDI) based on the WAIS, the other 12 patients as non demented. In a discriminative CNV-paradigm two different tones served as warning stimuli for a flash of light presented 1.5 s later that could be turned off by a press on a button only after the relevant tone. According to our hypothesis, CNV amplitudes of demented patients were significantly smaller than those of the non demented group. Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between severity of dementia (MDI) and degree of amplitude reduction. Thus, it was concluded that the CNV method could make an important clinical contribution to the assessment and course of dementia. PMID- 3228334 TI - Properties of purified liver glutamate dehydrogenase of aging rats. AB - Glutamate dehydrogenase was purified from the liver of immature (4-weeks), young (22-weeks) and old (116-weeks) female rats to study the effect of age on this enzyme. From 30 g of liver tissue of each age group, approximately 90-fold purified enzyme was obtained in crystalline form with an average yield of 4% of the original enzyme activity. This 4% enzyme was used extensively for analyzing its age-related properties. The elution profile on a Sephadex G-200 column, molecular weight (53,000 +/- 3,000), ratio of A280/260 (1.8), optimum pH (7.8), optimum temperature (25 degrees C), and Km values for different substrates/coenzymes of the purified enzymes did not show marked age-dependent variations. Similarly, remarkable differences were not observed in the effect of a variety of nucleotides or steroid hormones on the activity of the purified enzymes of the three ages. These findings may suggest that rat liver glutamate dehydrogenase is an unaltered enzyme with advancing age of the animal. PMID- 3228336 TI - [Identification of lymphocytes with histamine receptors in intestinal mucosa of the rat]. PMID- 3228337 TI - [MRC-5 diploid cell line as a model for studying potentially carcinogenic drugs]. PMID- 3228338 TI - Response of workers to airborne microorganisms at a paper manufacturing plant. PMID- 3228339 TI - Bioequivalence of commercial tolbutamide tablets using the beagle as an animal model. PMID- 3228340 TI - Comparison of transbronchial and open lung biopsies in interstitial lung diseases. PMID- 3228341 TI - [Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with danazol]. PMID- 3228342 TI - [Investigation of ferraginous bodies in the sputum of individuals exposed to asbestos fibers. Comparative study of 3 identification technics]. PMID- 3228343 TI - [A single measurement of progesterone as an index of ovulation in unexplained sterility]. PMID- 3228344 TI - [Treatment of acromegaly with a long-acting synthetic analog of somatostatin]. PMID- 3228345 TI - Increased levels of leukotriene C4 in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with pigeon breeder's disease. PMID- 3228346 TI - Brdicka reaction in vaginal secretions. A possible diagnostic tool in cervical cancer. PMID- 3228347 TI - A new test for assessing ocular muscle paresis using the vestibulo-ocular reflex. PMID- 3228349 TI - Zoapatle XIII. Isolation of water soluble fractions from Montanoa frutescens and some biological activities. PMID- 3228348 TI - [The effect of various doses of nopal (Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire) on the glucose tolerance test in healthy individuals]. PMID- 3228350 TI - Serum parathormone, 25 hydroxycholecalciferol and magnesium concentrations in infants with seizures associated with spontaneous hypocalcemia. PMID- 3228351 TI - Ultrastructural study of ribonucleoprotein constituents and chromatin disposition in various cells of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3228352 TI - Antidopaminergic effect of oral domperidone on the pituitary gland in normal and hyperprolactinemic women. PMID- 3228353 TI - [The performance of weaned piglets after a five week weaning period in relation to the weaning weight, the feed composition and the use of an effective ergotropic]. AB - In a three-factorial experiment with 216 piglets of the same age (33 +/- 4 days) but a different weight (weaning weight from 5.5 to 9 kg) a conventional piglet rearing feed containing 20% crude protein (standard), a high-energy diet and a low-protein diet (16% crude protein) were tested. In three weaning weight classes the three diets were fed without or with Bisergon [2-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-carbamoyl 3-methylquinoxaline-1.4-dioxide] over a period of 21 days. From the 22nd to the 71st day after weaning all the piglets received the standard diet without ergotropic. Among the factors studied the Bisergon supplement had the biggest effect. The additional weight gain varied from 9% in case of heavy piglets fed the high energy diet to 150% in case of light piglets fed the low protein diet. The ergotropic improved feed conversion by 22% and lowered the frequency of gastrointestinal diseases requiring treatment by 28%. At the end of the rearing period the weight of the piglets initially fed with Bisergon (means = 34.6 kg) was significantly higher than that of the control animals (means = 31.6 kg). The weaning weight and the diets influenced the final weight especially in the groups without ergotropic. In this case the piglets fed with the high-energy diet gained 30% more and those fed with the low-protein diet 40% less compared with the standard group. The average live weight gain of the light piglets (weaning weight 6.1 kg) was 30% lower than that of the heavier piglets (weaning weight 8.5 kg). The frequency of treatment against diarrhoea of the heavy piglets was by one third lower than that of the light animals. The piglets fed with the low-protein diet appeared to show a limitation of gastrointestinal diseases, but these animals also had the lowest feed intake. Independent of the Bisergon supplementation the weaning weight clearly influenced the live weight after the 10-week experiment. The initially better development of the animals started with the high-energy diet was compensated. In contrast to this, the piglets weighing 6.1 and 7.2 kg fed with the low-protein diet could not compensate the retarded development in comparison with the piglets fed with the standard or the high energy diet. This experiment confirms the enormous improvement of the performance and of the health status of weaned piglets caused by the ergotropic Bisergon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3228354 TI - [Amino acid pattern in the bodies and several organs of broilers fed different provisions with tryptophan and neutral amino acids]. AB - Carcasses and organs of 36 broiler chicks originating from an extensive fattening experiment with differing proportions of tryptophan (0.65 and 0.93 g/16 g N) to the neutral amino acids (15.2, 18.3 and 22.0 g/16 g N) in feed were analyzed for amino acid contents. Aside from the whole carcasses, a selected muscle (M. fibularis longus), liver, small intestine, and brain were prepared from the animals and analyzed. The organ weights differed according to the live-weights with the exception of the brain, where no group differences were measured. The patterns of amino acids of carcasses and organs remained nearly constant with differing amino acid supply. The only remarkable effect was the increase of the proportions of proline and hydroxyproline in the carcass protein from 6.4 to 7.4 and from 1.6 to 1.8%, respectively, with the higher tryptophan supply indicating increasing proportions of connective tissue. No relationship between weight gain and collagen content (calculated from hydroxyproline content) could be detected. The frequently supposed antagonism between tryptophan and the neutral amino acids, especially at the border of blood and brain, caused no reduction in tryptophan content of brain with increasing supply of neutral amino acids. There was, however, a significant depression of the development of the animals and the other inner organs. PMID- 3228355 TI - [Estimate of digestibility in dairy cows using an indicator method in comparison to the Hohenheimer feed value test]. AB - In order to measure the digestibility of feed with an indicator method two trials were realized on the dairy research farm "Karkendamm". The first trial was to test the suitability of TiO2 as an indicator to determine the digestibility in cows. The rate of recovery of the indicator was 98.8% (95.5%-101.9%). The concentration of TiO2 of the rectal samples in the morning (daily or every second day) corresponded very well with the values from total faeces collection. The samples taken in the evening showed lower concentrations. The estimation of digestibility of organic matter led to the same values with the total collection or the indicator method with morning samples. The digestibility derived from evening samples were 1.7-2.3%-units digestibility derived from evening samples were 1.7-2.3%-units lower in comparison to total collection. In the second trial the digestibility derived from the in vitro method "Hohenheimer-Futterwert-Test" and from a digestion trial with 30 cows using the indicator method were compared. The digestibility calculated from the date of the in vivo trial was 9.9%-units lower than the one from the "Hohenheimer-Futterwert-Test". The depression of digestibility was due to the variation in concentrate feeding between cows. If the cows got less than 8 kg concentrates the depression in digestibility was 1.9% when increasing the level of feeding one unit of maintenance requirement. If the cows got more than 8 kg concentrates the depression was 3.1%-units. It could be concluded that the "Hohenheimer-Futterwert-Test" underestimates the digestibility if the level of feeding is increased to a certain extent. PMID- 3228357 TI - [Annual meeting of the Society for Nutrition of East Germany, Animal Nutrition Section. 18-20 November 1987, Neubrandenburg. Abstracts]. PMID- 3228356 TI - [The effect of monensin Na on the protein content of cow's milk and further performance criteria]. AB - In two feeding experiments with 10 dairy cows each the effect of 200 mg monensin Na per animal and day in rations either rich in roughage or in concentrate was studied. In principle, the reactions caused by monensin supplement did not differ between the two types of rations. Monensin supplements resulted in a slight reduction of feed intake, a significantly lower milk fat content and, as a tendency, also a lower milk protein, particularly casein, content and a diminished amount of fat corrected milk (FCM). The pattern of fatty acids in the rumen was shifted in favour of propionic acid and the live weight gain of the cows was higher in the monensin group. There were no improvements with regard to the expenditure of feed and energy per kg FCM. PMID- 3228358 TI - Long-term supplementation of lasalocid-sodium for beef bulls during grazing and subsequent finishing period. AB - 117 white-red beef bulls were involved to investigate the effect of lasalocid sodium when fed either during the grazing period, or the finishing period, or during both subsequent periods. The ionophore was fed at 250 mg daily per head incorporated in 1 kg dry sugar beet pulp on pasture and at 65 mg per kg concentrate afterwards (corresponding with 27 ppm in the ration DM). The finishing diet consisted of maize silage ad libitum and 0.75 kg concentrate per 100 kg liveweight per day. On pasture lasalocid significantly increased daily gain form 0.6 to more than 0.7 kg, without affecting the grazed area per animal. During the finishing period growth rate was only slightly affected by lasalocid, but feed intake was reduced (P less than 0.05) and feed conversion improved (P less than 0.05). Feeding lasalocid permanently for more than 400 days did not reduce these positive effects. Cumulative daily gain, total feed intake per head and feed conversion were 1.12 kg, 2176 kg dry matter (DM) and 4.70 kg DM. These figures amounted to 1.05 kg, 2283 kg DM and 5.16 kg DM when no lasalocid was fed; 1.06 kg, 2141 kg DM and 4.87 kg DM when lasalocid was only fed during the finishing period and 1.09 kg, 2246 DM and 4.99 kg DM when lasalocid was only fed during the grazing period. Daily gains of 1.05 and 1.06 kg were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than 1.12 kg. Most carcass data were unaffected, except fatness. The permanent feeding of lasalocid increased carcass fatness, mainly as the result of a higher final weight. PMID- 3228359 TI - [Identification of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) pollen allergens by immunoblotting]. PMID- 3228360 TI - [Comparison of circadian variation of serum theophylline concentration and bioavailability between Theo-dur tablet and a new sustained-release theophylline formulation (E-0686 granule)]. PMID- 3228361 TI - [Evaluation of the diastolic performance of the left ventricle by computerized echocardiographic technic]. PMID- 3228362 TI - [Natural history of coronary artery disease. Long-term clinical follow-up of patients refusing surgical treatment]. PMID- 3228363 TI - [Sinus node involvement in Chagas' disease]. PMID- 3228364 TI - [Comparative study of atrial ganglia and nerve lesions in patients with chronic Chagas' disease]. PMID- 3228365 TI - Valve replacement without preoperative cardiac catheterization: a 8 year follow up study. PMID- 3228366 TI - [The myocardium in sepsis: anatomo-pathologic aspects]. PMID- 3228367 TI - [Balloon atrial septostomy by 2-dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 3228368 TI - [Giant negative T waves associated with isolated hypertrophy of the papillary muscles of the left ventricle, in athletes. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3228369 TI - Hydatid cyst embolization to the left ventricle: a case report. PMID- 3228370 TI - [Anatomical correction of transposition of the great arteries by Jatene's technic using the Lecompte maneuver and maintaining the interventricular septal defect. Report of a case]. PMID- 3228372 TI - [Guidelines for the implantation of permanent artificial pacemakers (1988)]. PMID- 3228371 TI - [Cardiomyopathy associated with acromegaly. A case report]. PMID- 3228373 TI - [Comparison between the methods of thoracic bioimpedance and thermodilution for determining cardiac output in heart disease patients]. PMID- 3228374 TI - [Evaluation of the fetal heart by echocardiography. The clinical cardiologist's point-of-view]. PMID- 3228375 TI - [Cardiovascular prevention: reality or myth?]. PMID- 3228376 TI - [Evaluation of surgical treatment of the mitral valve by intraoperative echocardiography]. PMID- 3228377 TI - [Cerebrovascular disorders at a cardiology hospital. Study of 60 cases]. PMID- 3228378 TI - [Fetal echocardiography. Initial experience]. PMID- 3228379 TI - [Technics of catheter ablation (fulguration). Initial experience]. PMID- 3228380 TI - [Pancarditis with constrictive pericarditis after cardiac surgery. A case report]. PMID- 3228381 TI - [Use of biological glue in the surgical treatment of aortic dissection--report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3228383 TI - [13th Brazilian Congress on Neurology. 13th meeting of the Brazilian League Against Epilepsy. Sao Paulo, 24-29 September 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3228382 TI - [Pneumonitis due to amiodarone: fibrosis and/or phospholipidosis. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3228384 TI - The relationship between mandibular morphology and apical root curvature in man. AB - Two samples of individuals, a low-angle group and a high-angle group, were selected on the basis of the inclination of the lower border of their mandible, defined by the mandibular plane angle (ML/SNL) in profile radiographs. Apical root curvature of mandibular first and second premolars and molars on panoramic radiographs was compared between the two groups and related to mandibular morphology. In the low-angle group most teeth had more distally curved roots than in the high-angle group. Significant differences were found for the first premolars on both sides (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.05), the right second premolars (p less than 0.05) and the distal root of left first molars (p less than 0.05). Correlations were calculated between root curvature and two variables reflecting mandibular morphology, the mandibular plane angle and the gonial angle. The strongest associations were found between the first premolar roots and the gonial angle (rs = -0.75, p less than 0.001 and rs = -0.56, p less than 0.01, for right and left sides respectively). The association between mandibular morphology and root curvature is probably indirect, caused by tooth migration during root formation. PMID- 3228385 TI - Interaction between wild-type, mutant and revertant forms of the bacterium Streptococcus sanguis and the bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in vitro and in the gnotobiotic rat. AB - In vitro, Streptococcus sanguis inhibits the growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a presumed aetiological agent of localized juvenile periodontitis. When provided with glucose and good aeration, a growing culture of Strep. sanguis was found to produce hydrogen peroxide at concentrations in excess of the maximum LD50 reported for strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans. This concentration of hydrogen peroxide also inhibits the growth of the producer organism. A mutant of Strep. sanguis was isolated that lacked the ability to produce alpha-haemolysis on blood agar. This mutant had less than 3 per cent of its parent's level of pyruvate-oxidase activity, and made no detectable hydrogen peroxide. In vitro, the mutant had also lost the ability to inhibit the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans. A spontaneous revertant, isolated by its ability to produce alpha-haemolysis, was found to have regained parental levels of pyruvate oxidase activity and hydrogen-peroxide production and could inhibit the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans in vitro. A gnotobiotic rat model was used to demonstrate that Strep. sanguis and A. actinomycetemcomitans interact in vivo and that this interaction depends on hydrogen-peroxide production by Strep. sanguis. PMID- 3228387 TI - Development of osteogenic and chondrogenic potentials along the mediolateral axis of the embryonic chick mandible. AB - Various regions of the mandibular process were tested for these potentials to determine whether regional differences exist and vary with embryonic age. Mandibular processes from HH stages 17-21.5 were cultured and grafted intact, or were subdivided into medial, mediolateral and lateral fragments and the separate regions cultured or grafted. The intact mandible from all these stages can form cartilage and membrane bone, but the 3 regions are not equally osteogenic and chondrogenic. The lateral region from all stages could form cartilage and membrane bone; the mediolateral region could form cartilage and membrane bone but, in mediolateral fragments from HH stage 17, membrane bone was formed only in scant amounts. The medial region from HH stages 17 and 18 formed cartilage in only 50 per cent of cases and never formed membrane bone. By HH stage 20, the medial region could form membrane bone, but only in scant amounts. Medial fragments from HH stage 21.5 formed extensive membrane bone and cartilage. The acquisition of these potentials, therefore, proceeds in a lateral-to-medial sequence, and the acquisition of an osteogenic potential lags slightly behind that of a chondrogenic potential. These findings do not indicate the mechanisms by which the two subpopulations of chondrogenic and osteogenic cells are distinguished from one another, but they give the temporal and spatial sequence in which this determination must occur. PMID- 3228386 TI - Cytochemical study of the Golgi apparatus and related organelles of the secretory ameloblasts of rat molar tooth germs cultured with and without colchicine. AB - The Golgi apparatus and Golgi-associated endoplasmic reticulum lysosome (GERL) were examined in the ameloblasts with a cytochemical marker, osmium impregnation, and two enzyme markers, thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) and acid phosphatase (ACPase). In control cultured germs, osmium deposit appeared in one to two immature side cisternae of Golgi stacks; TPPase activity was restricted in a few mature side cisternae and condensing vacuoles. ACPase activity existed in the GERL and, sometimes, in the mature side-cisternae and condensing vacuoles. These findings show that Golgi stacks of ameloblasts consist of several distinct compartments. In colchicine-treated tooth germs, there were morphological and cytochemical changes in both Golgi stacks and GERL. The Golgi apparatus was fragmented and its stacks were scattered throughout the supranuclear region. In some stacks, the number of osmium-positive cisternae was greater than normal; in others they were absent. TPPase and ACPase activity was absent or diminished. These findings suggest the importance of microtubules in the organization of Golgi complex and GERL in the secretory ameloblast. PMID- 3228388 TI - A quantitative comparison of osteoclasts in the teeth of the anuran amphibian Xenopus laevis. AB - An image-analysing computer was used to measure transectional areas of osteoclast cytoplasm and nuclei, the number of nuclei per osteoclast transection, odontoblast height and dentine thickness on serial sections of resorbing, erupting and ankylosed teeth from 3 groups of female frogs of different snout vent lengths. All parameters except nuclear size were increased significantly between the small and large frogs, suggesting that larger teeth are resorbed by larger osteoclasts. Because more time is required for resorption of the thicker dentine of large frogs, the increased size and nuclear number of the osteoclasts in large specimens may be related to the increased time available for fusion of mononuclear precursor cells. However, in large frogs the proportional increase in cytoplasmic area of osteoclasts was greater than the increase in number of nuclei. This may be related to osteoclast activity, as the height of the odontoblasts also increased with dentine thickness. PMID- 3228389 TI - A morphometric study of age changes in the human lingual artery. AB - A morphometric study of 100 human lingual arteries demonstrated an increase in wall thickness and decrease in lumen: artery ratio with age. The changes were related to the degree of coronary artery stenosis present in the same subjects. PMID- 3228390 TI - A prospective study of the incidence of urinary incontinence in an acute care teaching hospital and its implications on future service development. AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of urinary incontinence and indwelling catheter use. METHOD: A prospective study of 627 consecutive admissions to an acute care teaching hospital over a 4-week period. RESULTS: At least one episode of urinary incontinence was experienced by 145 patients (23.4 per cent of all admissions) with 28 per cent of these having urinary incontinence lasting more than 10 days. Patients with urinary incontinence had a significantly greater age, mean length of stay and overall mortality compared with the total hospital inpatient population. During this survey, 7 per cent of all inpatients suffered from at least one episode of faecal incontinence, with the mean duration of faecal incontinence being 5.4 days. The major discriminating findings were from the data of patients with urinary incontinence for longer than 10 days. These patients had a longer length of stay (47 days compared with 17 days for patients with urinary incontinence 10 days) and poorer outcome (28 per cent went to nursing homes and 50% returned home compared with 7 per cent and 81 per cent respectively for pts with incontinence less than 10 days). Patients on medical wards and those with confusion or poor mobility fared disproportionately worse. After 10 days of incontinence, only 59 per cent of these patients had a rectal examination; and 90 per cent a urine specimen for culture. The interpretation and implication of these findings will be discussed particularly as it related to future planning for continence services and the development of clinical nurses with knowledge of urinary incontinence. PMID- 3228391 TI - Attitudes towards psychiatric hospitalisation: a comparison of involuntary and voluntary patients. AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the attitudes towards hospitalisation of both voluntary and involuntary patients admitted to a state psychiatric hospital. METHOD: Interviews of 100 patients admitted consecutively between September 1983 and June 1984. RESULTS: Although patients who were involuntarily admitted initially reported unfavourable attitudes, subsequent to admission they had similar opinions regarding their hospitalisation to those of voluntary patients. This "consumer survey" lends some confidence to the view that compulsory detention and admission is not irrevocably perceived as punitive by patients. These results provide further data which counter the sometimes extreme advocates of the view that compulsory admission and treatment of patients with psychiatric illness is never acceptable. PMID- 3228392 TI - A comparison of patients in private and public psychiatric facilities. AB - OBJECTIVE: To compare hospitalised patients in private and public facilities. METHOD: Retrospective medical record review of 100 patients admitted consecutively to both a private psychiatric hospital and a public facility in South Australia in January, 1985. RESULTS: There is a paucity of data about privately treated patients with psychiatric illness. Although several studies have suggested that patients treated in private are similar to those seen at public facilities, thus challenging some of the myths about private practice, a recent Australian study emphasised the differences between private and publicly treated hospitalised patients. The present comparison of hospitalised patients in private and public hospitals, whilst demonstrating some differences, was more marked by the similarities in clinical features. The relevance of the different results, the manner in which they may be interpreted, and the implications for administrative decisions which may affect patients with psychiatric illness are discussed. PMID- 3228393 TI - Utilisation review of radiation oncology practice. AB - OBJECTIVE: To collect data on the operation of two private radiation oncology practices which operate linear accelerators in order to compare their patterns of practice with that of the practice of a public teaching hospital radiation oncology department. METHOD: Retrospective review of practice records and collection of data on the utilisation of the respective radiation oncology practices. RESULTS: Patient data was analysed to provide a "summarised" profile of treatment of the major cancers, by primary site, for each practice. Problems were encountered in adapting existing records at the various centres in order to obtain compatible data for comparison. The study demonstrated the need for adequate and consistent data to be collected by Australian radiation oncology facilities so that valid comparisons of practice patterns can be undertaken. PMID- 3228394 TI - Quality assurance in general administration. AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe ways of introducing quality assurance activities in the general administration areas of hospital management. METHOD: Descriptive review. RESULTS: Quality assurance activities can be carried out in the area of general administration. It cannot be done in a vacuum, however, as the work which one department does will always have an effect on another department. PMID- 3228395 TI - The case for legislation to provide legal privilege for quality assurance in NSW in 1988. PMID- 3228396 TI - The Australian clinical review experience. PMID- 3228397 TI - Muscular strength at 5 years of children with a birthweight under 1500 g. AB - The hand-grip strength was measured as part of the 5-year neurodevelopmental assessment of 24 very low birthweight (VLBW) and 18 normal birthweight (NBW) children. Hand-grip strength was significantly lower in the VLBW children for left and right hands tested individually and for both hands used concurrently. Increasing hand-grip strength was significantly related to 5-year weight percentiles and to being in the NBW group. More of the VLBW children weighed less than the 10th percentile. After adjusting for the 5-year weight percentile, the hand-grip strength of VLBW children was still significantly lower than that for NBW children. This is another aspect of development in which VLBW children are disadvantaged. PMID- 3228398 TI - Postnatal age at time of death in infants born at 24-32 weeks' gestation. AB - Medical records of all 483 infants live-born at 24-32 weeks' gestation in our hospital during the years 1982-86 were reviewed in order to determine postnatal age at time of death for those who died in the first year after birth. Twenty seven died from immaturity without receiving intensive care and 11 died from lethal congenital malformations. Eighty (18%) of the remaining 445 who received intensive care died: 31% on day 1, 45% on days 2-7, 12% on days 8-28 and 11% on days 29-365. The neonatal mortality rate for those receiving intensive care was 160/1000, and the postneonatal mortality rate was 20/1000. Delayed mortality was most common in infants of 26-27 weeks' gestation, with 20% (five) of their deaths occurring after 28 days. In each gestational age range, the majority of hospital admission days were occupied by survivors (24-25 weeks = 62%; 26-27 weeks = 91%; 28-29 weeks = 91%; 30-32 weeks = 99%) rather than non-survivors. Whilst postneonatal mortality is a significant concern, these data suggest that if infants born at less than 33 weeks' gestation are offered intensive care and survive the early neonatal period, the long-term outcome is more likely to be survival rather than delayed death. Furthermore, the majority of hospital admission days invested in such infants involves those who will be discharged home rather than those who will not. PMID- 3228399 TI - Giardia carriage in aboriginal and non-aboriginal children attending urban day care centres in South Australia. AB - A survey of Giardia lamblia prevalence was carried out in Adelaide, South Australia, among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children attending day-care centres. A single-stool examination in 178 children aged 6 years and under revealed an overall prevalence rate of 10.7% with all carriers being 1-4 years of age. Within this age group, Giardia prevalence among Aboriginal children (11/32) was significantly higher than that among non-Aboriginal children (eight of 99) (Chi-square analysis, P less than 0.001). Furthermore, among Aboriginal children, a significant association (P less than 0.05) was found between giardia carriage and the family's contact with rural Aboriginal settlements or people from these areas. Aboriginal children with no rural contact had a giardia prevalence similar to non-Aboriginal children. PMID- 3228400 TI - Micro-angiopathic haemolysis, thrombocytopenia and nephrotic syndrome associated with membranous nephropathy in a Vietnamese boy. AB - The unique association of idiopathic diffuse membranous nephropathy and micro angiopathic haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia is described. A 7 year old Vietnamese boy with a 1-month history of anaemia resistant to oral iron supplements presented with acute onset of nephrotic syndrome. Investigations revealed a micro-angiopathic haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia. There was no associated oliguria or uraemia. Diffuse membranous nephropathy was diagnosed by renal biopsy. Apart from a fourfold rise in enterovirus titres, no underlying cause for the haematological or glomerular abnormalities was found. There was an apparent, partial haematological response to fresh frozen plasma infusions, but not to Vitamin E. PMID- 3228401 TI - Pregnancy outcome in maturity onset diabetes at young age (MODY). AB - Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease, but rather a syndrome comprised of a variety of diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia. Indeed it has a heterogeneous nature. Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young or MODY is an unusual, mild type of hyperglycaemia, which develops in young women, (below the age of 25), who do not require insulin. This study describes 10 pregnancies in MODY women, who are compared to a group of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), a group with gestational diabetes, and a control group of normal, healthy pregnant women. Our group of pregnant MODY patients proved to have an intermediate form of diabetes, more severe than gestational diabetes and yet not as severe as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Mean duration of diabetes was shorter and mean daily insulin requirement (during pregnancy) was lower among MODY patients in comparison to IDDM gestants. Moreover the frequency of maternal complications and Caesarean deliveries in MODY patients were lower than in the IDDM group, but higher when compared to the gestational diabetes group. PMID- 3228402 TI - Shoulder dystocia: risk factors and prevention. AB - Failure of the shoulders to deliver after delivery of the head is known as shoulder dystocia. The risk factors associated with its occurrence were examined in women delivering vaginally at Jordan University Hospital. The profile of the patient most likely to present with shoulder dystocia was determined to be a multiparous, obese patient, over 42 weeks' gestation in a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia or diabetes with an infant weighing 4,500 g or more. Neonatal complications were noted to be high. There was no maternal death but 4 stillborn infants were delivered and 1 died in the immediate neonatal period. PMID- 3228403 TI - Increased incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in infants following pregnancies complicated by hypertension. AB - We assessed the relationship between maternal hypertension during pregnancy and the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in 263 infants born at 32 weeks' gestation or less. Two-hundred and twenty-three mothers were normotensive and 40 were hypertensive. RDS occurred significantly more commonly in infants of hypertensive mothers than in controls (60% vs 33%; p = 0.001). The association between maternal hypertension and an increased rate of RDS remained after adjustment for differences between groups with respect to gestational age, mode of delivery, administration of antenatal steroids and other complications of pregnancy, except for delivery in the absence of labour. The increased rate of RDS related to the severity of hypertension but did not relate to the duration of hypertension or to maternal treatment with beta-blockers. In those infants who developed RDS there was no significant difference in the severity of the illness between the hypertensive group and the controls. PMID- 3228404 TI - Effect of maternal cardiac disease on perinatal outcome. AB - Perinatal outcome of 223 pregnancies complicated by maternal cardiac disease, over a 5-year period has been studied. Mean birth-weights of these babies were compared to the Institute's reference neonatal weight curves at different periods of gestation and found lower than the reference. The mean difference of 150 g was statistically significant. The incidence of prematurity, small for gestational age and perinatal mortality was analyzed according to the risk factors i.e. type, duration and severity of symptoms. The perinatal outcome was directly proportional to the severity of symptoms, irrespective of the type and duration of heart disease. PMID- 3228405 TI - Umbilical cord knots and encirclements. AB - Although cord knots and/or encirclements account for 1 in 10 stillbirths of infants weighing 2,500 g or more, no problem due to this cause was encountered in a prospective study of 1,115 vaginal deliveries. In this study there were 6 cases of cord knot (0.5%) and 158 of cord encirclement (14.2%). The range of cord length was 27-122 cm, the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles being 40, 52 and 69 cm respectively. In this study there was no clinical warning (fetal distress) of cord encirclement or knot during pregnancy, labour or delivery. PMID- 3228406 TI - Can the fetus cause placental separation? AB - Two cases of painless antepartum haemorrhage are presented, in which it would seem the likely explanation was fetal trauma to the placental edge. The value of an immediate ultrasound scan is emphasized. PMID- 3228407 TI - The investigation of pelvic lesions in infertility. PMID- 3228409 TI - Permanent partial blindness in the puerperium--an unusual manifestation of cerebral vascular accident in pregnancy. PMID- 3228408 TI - Ethinyl oestradiol and D-norgestrel is an effective emergency postcoital contraceptive: a report of its use in 1,200 patients in a family planning clinic. AB - We describe a prospective study of 1,200 patients using the Yuzpe regimen of hormonal postcoital contraception. There was an 85% follow-up rate, and of the 1,015 patients followed there were 13 pregnancies, giving a pregnancy rate of 1.3%. The number of expected pregnancies at mid-cycle was reduced by 83%; 12 of the 13 pregnancies went on to abortion. The patients were young: 86% were under 25, and 10% were under 15. The most frequent reason for presentation was that no contraception had been used (57%). All patients received an antiemetic; 57% experienced no side-effects, 28% had some nausea and 9.6% some vomiting. It is concluded that this is a safe form of emergency contraception, which is an effective way of reducing the number of unwanted pregnancies, especially in the very young. PMID- 3228410 TI - Giant cervical polyp due to a foreign body in a 'virgin'. AB - A 17-year-old virgin who had a giant cervical polyp which had developed through a foreign body and protruded out of the hymen was evaluated; the aetiological significance of the foreign body in the formation of the cervical polyp is discussed. PMID- 3228411 TI - Atypical Ogilvie syndrome. PMID- 3228412 TI - First pregnancy at 47 years of age after 20 years of amenorrhoea. PMID- 3228413 TI - Metastasizing leiomyoma of the uterus. AB - This report describes a patient who underwent a subtotal hysterectomy 6 years ago for fibroids. She re-presented recently with lung metastases and a pelvic mass. Macroscopic appearances at laparotomy suggested a leiomyosarcoma of the uterine stump, but histological appearances suggested the patient was suffering from the rare condition 'metastasizing leiomyoma'. Subsequent response to hormone manipulation supported the latter diagnosis. PMID- 3228414 TI - Management of premature labour. PMID- 3228415 TI - Management of gynecologic cancer. PMID- 3228416 TI - Obstetric profiles of immigrant women from non-English speaking countries in South Australia, 1981-1983. AB - Obstetric profiles of non-English speaking immigrant women in South Australia are presented to assist in planning for health services. They were derived from perinatal data routinely collected by midwives and neonatal nurses. The characteristics of 5,675 immigrant women were compared with those of a random sample of approximately 5% of Australian-born women who delivered babies in 1981 1983 in South Australia. This study demonstrates that immigrant women tended to be urban dwellers and to deliver their babies in large metropolitan hospitals. They were less often from unemployed families but more often from those of low occupational status. They were older, with fewer teenagers and single women among them. They were of higher parity, and tended to commence antenatal care later. They had lower incidences of pregnancy hypertension and induced labour, but were more likely to have anaemia, antepartum haemorrhage and a Caesarean section. There were also important differences between the 7 largest immigrant groups. For example, the very high Caesarean section rate (36%) in Filipino women is of concern. Also, the mean birth-weight of babies of Vietnamese women was 263g lower than that of babies of Australian-born women. Support services need to be logistically located and address the findings of this study in a culturally acceptable way. PMID- 3228417 TI - Vaginal delivery after caesarean section: is it safe in a developing country? AB - Many studies from developed countries have shown that a trial of vaginal delivery after a Caesarean section can be a safe alternative to repeated Caesarean section when certain criteria are fulfilled. However, few data are available from developing countries where, in most cases, there is no electronic fetal heart rate monitoring, no information about the prior section and no X-ray pelvimetry. At Gweru Hospital, 401 patients with a scarred uterus have been managed according to a standard protocol and 288 were allowed to have a trial of scar. The results show that the trial was successful in 235 mothers (82%) and there were only 2 uterine ruptures (0.7%). Postpartum morbidity was higher after Caesarean section than after vaginal delivery. PMID- 3228418 TI - A maturation effect in response inhibition in the rat. AB - The finding that there are maturational differences between the ability to learn and to perform a task requiring young Wistar rats to inhibit a response was examined. Using an operant task, different from that employed in the previous studies, it was established that the finding was not task specific. The relative contribution of different periods in the early training stage to later savings in learning was also examined. It was confirmed that there is an early performance deficit by weanling rats on tasks requiring them to inhibit a previously learned response in the presence of a discriminative cue. Rats given early training on the task during this period of performance deficit nevertheless showed significant savings in later learning of the task, indicating that they had learned as much in that stage as they would have if given the same training at an age when performance is at the adult level. It was revealed that despite age related differences in performance it was not so much the age at which early training took place as the amount of training given that affected later savings. The results are discussed in light of evidence of similar differences between the learning and performance of discrimination tasks exhibited by young children. PMID- 3228419 TI - Brain weights correlate with behavioral parameters in individual inbred mice housed in a common and enriched environment. AB - Fifty 8-week-old Balb/c mice were individually identified and housed together in a large and enriched environment for 5 months. Maze and open field exploration, response to an aversive noise, swimming, and induced grooming tests were applied to each mouse in an initial search for possible relationships between brain morphology and spontaneous behavior in isogenic individuals living in a complex social and physical environment. The tasks generated 39 quantitative behavioral indices which include locomotion, rearing, still, and grooming bout frequencies, latencies, total, and mean bout durations. At the end of the tests, the 7-month old mice were sacrificed and the fresh weights of their whole brain, cerebellum, brain stem, diencephalon, telencephalon, and prosencephalon were rapidly obtained. Behavioral data have wide variations and do not adjust to normal population distributions. Means of the same parameter differ between tests. A Spearman correlation matrix of all data yielded many significant correlations between indices of the same task which can be interpreted in terms of time budget and sequence probability. Significant correlations between indices of different tests suggest diverse emotionalities, exploratory strategies, and motor skills. The correlations between body and brain weights and among separate brain regions were not significant. There were several low but significant correlations between brain weights and behavioral indices. Such correlations, the resulting factors, and significant behavioral differences between mice with large and small brains suggest that mice displaying low motor activity in novel environments have larger brains and forebrain/hindbrain ratios than mice with high activity, and that animals with high scores of some specific behaviors have larger brain areas physiologically related to such behaviors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228420 TI - Frontal cortex grafts have opposite effects at different postoperative recovery times. AB - We studied the effect of different postoperative times on the behavioral recovery following brain implants. Adult male rats received cortical tissue grafts 2 weeks after aspiration of the medial frontal cortex. Either 2 (Immediate Group) or 28 (Delay Group) days after grafting, the performance of these rats on a behavioral battery, comprising the Morris water maze task, forepaw use, and grooming, was compared to that of rats with similar lesions and postoperative recovery times but no grafts. Rats tested immediately after receiving implants performed better on the spatial navigation task than rats with similar lesions but no grafts. This improvement, however, was less than that shown by rats with lesions but no grafts permitted to recover for 28 days before testing. In contrast, in the Delay Group, rats with grafts were more greatly impaired than were their operated controls. Neither lesions nor grafts affected grooming although the Immediate Group with grafts were significantly more impaired in using their forepaws during feeding than were any of the other groups. These results lead us to conclude that differing postoperative recovery times and task requirements may account for some of the inconsistent results of the influence of brain grafts on behavioral recovery reported in the literature. We also conclude that cortical tissue implants can have two effects with different time courses and opposite net behavioral effects. PMID- 3228421 TI - Modulation of male mouse genital sniff, attack, and mount behaviors by urogenital substances from estrous females. AB - The modulation of attacks, genital sniffs, and mounts in male SJL/J mice by ovarian-dependent urogenital substances in the urine voided by estrous females was examined. Urogenital substances were applied onto the external urogenital areas of ovariectomized mice. When compared with urine voided by estrous females, which stimulated genital sniffing, mounting, and reduced aggression, bladder urine was ineffective. Genital sniffing and mounting was stimulated by estradiol 17 beta, vaginal fluids, and preputial extract. Aggression was reduced by estradiol-17 beta, urethral catheterized urine, and vaginal fluids. Preputialectomy reduced, but did not eliminate, urinary stimulation of genital sniffing and mounting. Preputial extract stimulated aggression. Urogenital substances from ovariectomized females were ineffective in reducing attacks and stimulating genital sniffs and mounts. It was concluded that the ovarian dependent chemosignals in the urine voided by estrous females are contributed by the urethra, vagina, and preputial gland, perhaps in part through the excretion of unconjugated estrogens. PMID- 3228422 TI - Effects of physostigmine and d-amphetamine on the behavior of rats with selective fimbria-fornix lesions and intrahippocampal fetal septal cell transplants. AB - Female Long-Evans rats were given electrolytic lesions of either the medial fimbria bilaterally (Fi, n = 24), the dorsal fornix (Fo, n = 24), or both structures (FF, n = 24) at 31 days of age. Ten rats were given sham-operations. Ten days later, half the rats with lesions received bilateral intrahippocampal grafts of embryonic septal cell suspensions (FiT, FoT, FFT, respectively). As already reported in a separate publication (J.C. Dalrymple-Alford, C.R. Kelche, J.C. Cassel, G. Toniolo, V. Pallage, & B.E. Will, 1987, Experimental Brain Research, 210, 115-128), 7 months after transplant surgery, grafted rats were found to be more impaired in an eight-arm radial maze than nongrafted rats. The present report concerns a pharmacological study carried out in the same rats 11 months after grafting. We examined the effects of ip injections of physostigmine (0.01, 0.05, 0.10 mg/kg) and then of d-amphetamine (1.6 mg/kg), as compared with baseline control injections of saline. Just prior to the drug treatments, performances of grafted and nongrafted rats did not differ significantly, but impairments in grafted rats reappeared during subsequent no-injection and saline control trials. Physostigmine failed to affect significantly the performances in rats of any group. d-Amphetamine improved performances in grafted rats with medial fimbria lesions, impaired performances in grafted rats with dorsal fornix lesions, and did not change performances in grafted rats with both lesions, as compared with their respective nongrafted counterparts. Histological analysis revealed variable reinnervation of the host structure and substantial graft induced lesions of the hippocampus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228423 TI - Learned helplessness in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana). AB - For 3 consecutive days cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were exposed to either escapable, inescapable, or no shock in an escape task. Twenty-four hours later they were tested in a shuttlebox escape task. There were reliable differences between escapable and inescapable animals and between inescapable and control animals in both escape latencies and the number of failures to escape. PMID- 3228424 TI - Abstracts of the joint meeting of the Gruppo Italiano di Citometria and the Association de Cytometrie en Flux. Lerici, October 10-13, 1988. PMID- 3228425 TI - The type A behavior pattern, hostility, and interpersonal skill. PMID- 3228426 TI - Methodological considerations in enuresis-treatment research. A three-treatment comparison. PMID- 3228427 TI - Enforcing chair timeouts with room timeouts. PMID- 3228428 TI - Preschoolers' goal setting with contracting to facilitate maintenance. PMID- 3228429 TI - Conversational skills of inpatient conduct-disordered youths. Social validation of component behaviors and implications for skills training. PMID- 3228430 TI - An extension and refinement of telephone emergency-skills training. A comparison of training methods. PMID- 3228431 TI - [Pathology of avascular femur head necroses in adulthood]. PMID- 3228432 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of femur head necrosis]. PMID- 3228433 TI - [Kummell-Verneuille syndrome, a rare, but important differential diagnostic disease]. PMID- 3228434 TI - [Scaphoid bone fracture of the hand--a treatment problem?]. PMID- 3228435 TI - [Physical therapy within the scope of treatment of fractures in children- recommendations of the Study Group of Pediatric Traumatology]. PMID- 3228436 TI - [Effect of linoleic acid in food on spongioid bone density and prostaglandin biosynthesis in bones]. PMID- 3228437 TI - [Results of conservative and operative treatment of epiphyseolysis capitis femoris]. PMID- 3228438 TI - [Results following surgical treatment of fresh ligament injuries of the outer ankle joint]. PMID- 3228439 TI - [Work capacity following operations for lumbar intervertebral disk displacements with special reference to sex specific differences]. PMID- 3228440 TI - [Resection arthroplasty of metatarsophalangeal joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3228441 TI - [Arthropathy of the shoulder joint in syringomyelia--a case report]. PMID- 3228442 TI - [Coxarthrosis caused by idiopathic femur head necrosis--diagnosis and surgical results]. PMID- 3228443 TI - [Skin temperature measurements of lower leg amputation stumps in chronic arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 3228444 TI - Role of human serum lipoproteins on the immunosuppressive action of ciclosporin on PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PMID- 3228445 TI - Recent developments in ciclosporin measurements. PMID- 3228446 TI - An endonuclease from Caenorhabditis elegans: partial purification and characterization. AB - A deoxyribonuclease was partially purified from the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The DNase functioned as an endonuclease and introduced both single-strand nicks and double-strand breaks into DNA. The enzyme hydrolyzed double-stranded DNA seven times more rapidly than single-stranded DNA. DNase activity was not affected by the addition of divalent cations below 1 mM but was inhibited at higher ionic concentrations. In addition, the enzyme was not inhibited in the presence of 10 mM EDTA. The enzyme was inhibited by salt concentrations greater than 20 mM. Three independent mutations in the nuc-1 gene were shown to reduce nuclease activity to less than 1% of that seen in wild-type organisms. PMID- 3228447 TI - An allele of the Prot locus in maize is a variant for the site of protein processing. AB - An allele of the Prot locus, which encodes a major globulin of the maize scutellum, is a variant for a site of protein processing. Segregation analysis and recombination mapping indicate that the variant is an allele of the Prot locus. Designated Prot-V, this allele specifies three polypeptides, V1, V2, and V3. The V1 polypeptide is incompletely processed during the proteolytic processing step catalyzed by the product of the Mep locus. Cyanogen bromide cleavage studies support the precursor-product relationship between V1 and V2. The V1 product is shortened with respect to other PROT' proteins and it is postulated that the normal site of MEP processing has been removed by this foreshortening. PMID- 3228448 TI - Limited allozymic variation in a marsupial, the Tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). PMID- 3228449 TI - Hemoglobin types in Saanen goats and Barbary sheep: genetic and comparative aspects. AB - By the use of the Immobiline technique at pH ranges 7.0-7.6 and 6.9-7.9, 16 different hemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes were observed in 61 English Saanen goats. They are explained in this breed by a genetic theory of five beta-globin genes (A4, A6, A8, E, and D) and two closely linked alpha-globin loci ('alpha and "alpha) of which the "alpha has a variant allele, provisionally called "alpha X. Family data together with observed and expected Hb frequencies were in agreement with the genetic theory. Among six Barbary sheep there were three Hb phenotypes explained by the occurrence of the beta-chain alleles B and Cna. PMID- 3228451 TI - Molecular genetics, microbiology, and prehistory. PMID- 3228450 TI - Direct determination of usual (Caucasian-type) and atypical (Oriental-type) alleles of the class I human alcohol dehydrogenase-2 locus. AB - Two types of alleles exist in the human alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ADH2) locus. The usual ADH12 allele is common in Caucasians, while the atypical ADH22 allele is predominant in Orientals. The ADH22 produces the beta 2 subunit, which is catalytically far more active than the beta 1 subunit produced by the ADH12 gene. The racial difference in alcohol-related problems could be related to the genetic differences in ADH and other ethanol-metabolizing enzymes. In order to examine the possibility, a method for determining ADH2 genotypes was developed. Two 21 base synthetic oligonucleotides, one complementary to the usual ADH12 allele and the other complementary to the atypical ADH22 allele, were used as specific probes for in-gel hybridization analysis of human genomic DNA from peripheral blood. Under appropriate hybridization conditions, these two probes can hybridize to their specific complementary alleles and, thus, allow the genotyping of the ADH2 locus. Genotypes of the ADH2 locus of 49 unrelated Japanese individuals were determined. The frequency of the atypical ADH22 gene was found to be 0.71 in the Japanese population examined. PMID- 3228452 TI - Development of training programmes in biotechnology safety and risk assessment. PMID- 3228453 TI - Graduate education in biochemistry and molecular biology: learning by accident or by deliberate plan? PMID- 3228454 TI - On G0 and cell cycle controls. PMID- 3228455 TI - The effects of repeated withdrawals from alcohol on the memory of male and female alcoholics. AB - The measure of number of withdrawals, as a separate drinking variable of relevance to cognitive functioning in alcoholics, is a relatively uninvestigated measure. An ethanol withdrawal hypothesis has been suggested that would predict poorer cognitive performance with increased number of withdrawals from alcohol. In this study, the effects of withdrawals (defined as a 24 hr period of abstinence following the consumption of alcohol) on tests of learning and memory were examined. Using 76 male and 67 female alcoholics, results indicate that greater number of withdrawals is related to poorer memory test performance. Results provide support for the ethanol hypothesis of poorer cognitive performance with increasing number of withdrawals, and suggest that females may exhibit accelerated responses to the effects of alcohol misuse. PMID- 3228456 TI - Biphasic effects of alcohol drinking on methamphetamine metabolism in man. AB - In methamphetamine (MAP) addicts, long-term ethanol ingestion 3-4 times per week induced an increased rate of p-hydroxylation of MAP and amphetamine (AMP). Simultaneous ingestion of ethanol and MAP inhibited both p-hydroxylation of MAP and AMP and N-demethylation of MAP in inebriated addicts. The p-hydroxylation of MAP and AMP was also significantly inhibited in daily drinkers despite the almost total absence of urinary ethanol. This suggests that the intensity of MAP-induced behavioral and psychological effects in MAP addicts may, in part, depend upon their drinking habits. PMID- 3228457 TI - Conditioned ethanol preference in rats. AB - The question of whether ethanol has intrinsically rewarding properties, or whether, as a discriminative stimulus, it can become a conditioned reinforcer as a function of context association was examined. Paired rats consumed more of an ethanol solution than isolated rats over a 15 day 'conditioning' phase and their ingestion rate was increased significantly over the 15 day period. Furthermore, animals exposed to the solution with a conspecific companion during this conditioning phase subsequently showed a marked preference for ethanol over water throughout a 10 day test phase (when all animals were alone) compared to those with prior experience of the solution in isolation. Both groups consumed significantly more ethanol than the controls (with no prior ethanol experience at all) during this test phase. The results suggest that the total context of initial exposure to ethanol mediate its subsequent reinforcing properties, with the prior pleasurable context of being with a conspecific companion generalizing to the ethanol stimulus for the paired group. PMID- 3228458 TI - Closed chamber system for delivery of ethanol to cell cultures. AB - The accuracy and consistency of the delivery of ethanol to cultured cells is important to determine effects on morphologic, biochemical and physiologic alterations. Open and closed chamber systems were evaluated to determine cytotoxic vs sublethal, potentially teratogenic effects on neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. The open system employed a variety of cell culture vessels. Cardiac cells were exposed directly to ethanol in the growth media at concentrations of 5 50 mM in Petri dishes, multiwell slides and multiwell chambers. Ethanol concentrations in the media in these open vessels decreased over 60% in a 24 hr incubation period. A closed system consisted of tightly sealed plastic containers in which the same vessels were used. The vessels were placed on a platform over a bath of ethanol-water. Cells were acclimated for 24 hr with ethanol in the bath at 200% of the final desired media concentration. Ethanol gradually diffused into the media to reach peak levels of 5, 10, 25 or 50 mM at 24 hr. After the 24 hr period, ethanol was added to both the media and bath at the desired concentration. Cells exposed gradually to ethanol in the closed chambers remained viable, but showed slower division and growth. A period of gradual acclimation is required to induce sublethal cellular effects rather than lethal effects. The diversity of cell systems and manipulations of cultures to study the potential teratogenic effects of ethanol are improved using such a closed chamber system. PMID- 3228459 TI - Behavioral thermoregulation in the rat following the oral administration of ethanol. AB - To assess if ethyl alcohol (ethanol) causes a reduction in the set-point for control of body temperature, behavioral thermoregulatory responses in the Fischer rat were measured following a single oral administration of ethanol. In a preliminary study, five rats were given 3.0 g/kg ethanol dissolved in saline (20%; v/v) by gavage and placed in a longitudinal temperature gradient for 2 hr. The temperature gradient permitted the rats to behaviorally thermoregulate (i.e. select a thermal preferendum). The selected ambient temperature (Ta) in the temperature gradient was notably lower during the initial and final stages of the test period when compared to the response of rats administered similar volumes of saline. Colonic temperature upon removal from the gradient was approximately 1.0 degree C below that of the saline-treated animals. In a follow-up study, rats were placed in the temperature gradient for 1 hr for accommodation purposes. The rats were then gavaged with 0, 1.0 or 3.0 g/kg ethanol and placed back in the gradient for another 2 hr. Selected Ta was significantly reduced in the 3.0 g/kg group during the second hour post-ethanol exposure. The 1.0 g/kg dosage had little effect on selected Ta. As in the preliminary study, the colonic temperature of the rats in the follow up study given 3.0 g/kg was 1.0 degree C below that of the control at 2 hr post-injection. Because the 3.0 g/kg treated animals were significantly hypothermic and selected cooler Tas in the temperature gradient, it was concluded that ethanol exerted a lowering of the set-point for control of body temperature. PMID- 3228460 TI - The development of alcohol-induced cardiac dysfunction in the rat. AB - Hemodynamic, contractile and energetic functions of isolated working hearts from ethanol-fed and control rats were studied to determine the time course of cardiac dysfunction development during long-term consumption of alcohol. Hearts from fasted, 24 hr withdrawn rats were studied after 2, 4, 7 and 11 months consuming ethanol as 38% of daily calories in a nutritionally-adequate liquid diet. After 2 months, the right ventricle of the alcoholic rat hearts was significantly enlarged; left ventricular weight was not significantly different from control and there was little evidence that left ventricular function was compromised. After 4 months and 7 months, there was biventricular cardiomegaly and evidence of reduced left ventricular function in the alcoholics, although altered sensitivity to the positive inotropic agent, dobutamine, was not evident in those hearts. After 11 months, cardiac output, stroke work, and peak power of the alcoholic rat hearts were significantly depressed, the responsiveness of the left ventricle to dobutamine was diminished, and both ventricles were enlarged compared to controls. Cardiac function during early withdrawal was studied in rats that had consumed alcohol for 14-16 months. Hearts from non-fasted rats at 0 hr of withdrawal exhibited diminished responsiveness to dobutamine compared to controls; at 24 hr and 72 hr of withdrawal no differences between alcoholic and control rat heart dobutamine responsiveness were observed. The data indicated that: (a) cardiomegaly, beginning with right ventricular enlargement, was an early indicator of alcohol's cardiac effects in rats; (b) left ventricular enlargement of the alcoholic rat hearts was associated with basal left ventricular dysfunction; and (c) evidence of cardiac subsensitivity to dobutamine, which is characteristic of this alcoholic rat model, depended on the nutritional status and withdrawal state of the rat at the time that the heart was excised for study. PMID- 3228461 TI - Urine ethanol assessment: a helpful method for controlling abstinence in alcoholic liver disease. AB - The usefulness of a urine-alcohol determination in the evaluation of abstinence in alcoholic liver disease has been investigated in 181 patients. Alcohol was tested in morning urine samples collected on a follow-up visit in 103 patients, and the results were compared with those in 78 patients, where three samples were collected within the same week; one in the morning and two in the evening. Although the percentage of urine samples containing alcohol measured in a morning sample was similar to the patients' self-report (31% and 34%, respectively), urine analysis identified an additional 7% of patients who denied alcohol intake. Alternatively, serial urine-alcohol determinations were significantly more effective than patient reports (54% and 35.9%, respectively, P less than 0.01), particularly when urine was collected in the evenings. This difference was due mainly to the reluctance of women to admit drinking (7.4% of positive self reports vs 51% of women with alcohol positive urine samples, P less than 0.001). We conclude that serial measurements of alcohol in urine were useful tests which should be used to complement personal interview in the control of abstinence in patients with alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 3228462 TI - Self-reported expected effects of a moderate dose of alcohol by college women. AB - Fifty college undergraduate women were asked to state the three most probable effects they expected from drinking a moderate amount of alcohol for themselves and for others respectively in rank-ordered way. Results indicate that subjects expected primarily over-all positive effects both for themselves and for others. Specifically they also expected themselves to become more calm and others to behave generally less well. Lower down in the level of expectations there was a tendency to expect more positive effects for themselves and more negative effects for others. The importance of establishing not only the existence of an expectancy but also the relationship between expectancies in terms of internal dominance is discussed along with a model explaining the interplay between expectancies and social behavior. PMID- 3228463 TI - The impact of alcohol ingestion on the orthopaedic and accident service. AB - There is a well recognized association between the ingestion of alcohol and trauma. The incidence of orthopaedic injuries related to alcohol ingestion and requiring admission has not previously been reported. In a pilot study from the Royal Liverpool Hospital we found that in 22.4% of patients requiring admission, alcohol had been consumed prior to the accident. The incidence of spinal and ankle fractures was higher in the inebriated patients and the circumstances of their injuries differed from those who were sober. Injuries following drinking occurred mainly in young and middle aged males. We discuss simple methods of recognising problem drinking among accident and orthopaedic patients. PMID- 3228464 TI - Alcohol misuse in patients attending a genitourinary clinic. AB - Two hundred male and 200 female attenders at a genitourinary clinic were studied to determine the prevalence of alcohol misuse. The CAGE Questionnaire was used to estimate the presence of probable alcohol misuse, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was used to assess psychiatric morbidity. Over 18% of men and over 12% of women were found to be alcohol misusers as measured by the CAGE Questionnaire. Their characteristics are reported, and the implications of the findings considered. PMID- 3228465 TI - Predicting injury risk with "New Car Assessment Program" crashworthiness ratings. AB - The relationship between crashworthiness ratings produced by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) and the risk of incapacitating injury or death for drivers who are involved in single car, fixed-object, frontal collisions was examined. The results are based on 6,405 such crashes from the Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident file of the Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation. The risk of injury was modeled using logistic regression taking into account the NCAP test results for each individual model of car and the intervening effects of car mass, age of the driver, restraint use, and crash severity. Three measures of anthropometric dummy response, Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Chest Deceleration (CD), and femur load were used to indicate vehicle crash test performance. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the results of the NCAP tests and the risk of serious injury or death in actual single-car frontal accidents. In terms of overall injury, chest deceleration was a better predictor than the Head Injury Criterion. For restrained drivers, crash severity, driver age, and chest deceleration were significant parameters for predicting risk of serious injury or death; the risk of injury decreased as chest deceleration decreased. The results were similar for unrestrained drivers although vehicle mass and femur load were also significant factors in the model. The risk of overall injury decreased as chest deceleration decreased but appeared to decrease as femur load increased. PMID- 3228466 TI - Limits and challenges of crash protection. AB - The objective of this paper is to present information on fatal motor vehicle crashes, the effectiveness of lap-shoulder belts in preventing these deaths, and the limitations on their lifesaving capabilities. With this perspective, an evaluation is made of the potential for further reductions in crash fatalities if advanced safety systems are included in the standard occupant protection package. These systems might include additional lap-shoulder belt technologies, such as pretensioners, webbing locks or grabbers, load limiters, and adjustable anchors, as well as belt supplements, such as air bags and energy-absorbing interiors. Difficulties encountered in evaluating the effectiveness of these systems in the laboratory are then described. Finally, the potential for precrash and postcrash safety technologies in combination with crash-phase technology is discussed as an effective use of resources to improve occupant protection. PMID- 3228467 TI - Tractor-trailer driver fatality: the role of nonconsecutive rest in a sleeper berth. AB - Federal regulation allows truck drivers to use sleeper berths to accumulate eight hours of off-duty rest in two separate periods. Because sleep disruption may cause fatigue and deterioration of performance, a study was conducted to evaluate the association between sleeper-berth use in two periods and tractor-trailer driver fatality. Using Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety Reports, crashes that resulted in tractor-trailer driver fatality were compared with property damage crashes. After adjusting for confounding variables by logistic regression, tractor-trailer driver fatality was found to be significantly associated with sleeper-berth use in two shifts (odds ratio = 3.05). Statistically significant but weaker associations were found between driver fatality and rural district, night driving, gross vehicle weight of 72,000 pounds or more, single-vehicle collision, intercity trip, and employment on an occasional basis. PMID- 3228468 TI - The relationship between alcohol-related traffic fatalities and per capita consumption of alcohol, Ontario, 1957-1983. AB - In this research, the impact of per capita consumption of alcohol on alcohol related traffic fatalities in Ontario between 1957 and 1983 was examined. Three measures of alcohol involvement were selected. The first, drinking drivers (police reported) involved in fatal accidents, was a direct measure. The second and third, single-vehicle fatal accidents and nighttime fatal accidents, were surrogate measures. Also, three corresponding measures of fatal accidents not involving alcohol (normal drivers [police reported] involved in fatal accidents, multiple vehicle fatal accidents, and daytime fatal accidents) were chosen to control for general road safety trends. The results of regression analyses indicated that both per capita consumption and general road safety trends were significant contributors to all three measures of alcohol-involved fatalities. These and other recent data suggest that any effort to prevent alcohol-related problems such as liver cirrhosis through control of per capita consumption will also have a beneficial impact on alcohol-related accidents. PMID- 3228469 TI - Helmet effectiveness in preventing motorcycle driver and passenger fatalities. AB - Helmet effectiveness in preventing fatalities to motorcycle drivers and passengers was determined by applying the double pair comparison method to the Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) data for 1975 through 1986. Motorcycles with a driver and a passenger, at least one of whom was killed, were used. In order to reduce as much as possible potentially confounding effects due to the dependence of survivability on sex and age, the analysis is confined to male drivers (there were insufficient female driver data), and to cases in which the driver and passenger age do not differ by more than three years. Motorcycle helmet effectiveness estimates are found to be relatively unaffected by performing the analyses in a number of ways different from that indicated above. It was found that helmets are (28 +/- 8)% effective in preventing fatalities to motorcycle riders (the error is one standard error), the effectiveness being similar for male and female passengers, and similar for drivers and passengers. An additional result found was that the fatality risk in the driver seat exceeds that in the passenger seat by (26 +/- 2)%. The 28% effectiveness found generates calculated fatality increases from repeal of mandatory helmet-wearing laws that are compatible with observed increases. PMID- 3228470 TI - Survey concerning international computer files of road accidents. AB - A survey concerning international harmonization of accident reporting was distributed to 80 experts in accident reporting and analysis. Completed surveys were received from 50 persons in 13 countries; 74% of the respondents had more than 10 years of experience in the field of traffic safety. The main findings of this survey are: (1) 86% of the respondents think that an international computer file of disaggregated fatal-accident data would contribute to understanding of traffic safety, and 84% would use such a file. (2) An international non-fatal accident file was considered to be of value in research on human factors and accident causation (60%), and in determining black spots in the road network (57%). (3) Police was the most frequently mentioned source of data for both the fatal and non-fatal international data files. Nevertheless, fewer than one quarter of respondents considered police as the suitable exclusive source of either data. (4) The majority view was that the data for both types of files should come from more than one agency. (5) In the case of the fatal-accident file, 78% of the respondents considered it important that the data be cross checked with the public health records. (6) The 10 most useful variables for a fatal-accident file were traffic unit type (e.g. car), accident type (e.g. angle), road class, driver age, date/time of day, age of person killed, number of killed persons, number of injured persons, drinking or drug use, and restraint usage of person killed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228471 TI - Detection of visual stimuli after lesions of the superior colliculus in the rat; deficit not confined to the far periphery. AB - The visual neglect which follows lesions of the superior colliculus in the rat is well documented, although its nature has been somewhat contentious. Recently, using large, bright stimuli, Overton et al. [Exp. Brain Res., 59 (1985) 559-569] presented evidence that collicular lesions produce a detection deficit in the far peripheral visual field (120 degrees), whilst the central field is unaffected. However, some simple tests for visual neglect by other workers suggest that a detection deficit may also exist in the central field, if the stimuli are dim (and small). This possibility was investigated psychophysically. Using a signal detection paradigm, sensitivity to small (2.5 degrees v.a.), transient (modal duration 200 ms) stimuli of varying luminance was determined at 40 degrees on either side of the vertical meridian, before and after collicular lesions or control lesions of the striate cortex. Despite extensive preoperative training, collicular animals showed a decrease in sensitivity of around 50% for all stimulus intensities postoperatively. This deficit was significantly more severe than that produced by striate lesions. Furthermore, it proved very difficult to retrain the animals to a preoperative criterion. These data suggest that collicular lesions do indeed cause a detection deficit which is not confined to the far periphery, and that this deficit may specifically affect the detection of small stimuli. The proposed detection deficit is related to recent anatomical findings in the rat. PMID- 3228473 TI - Cortical lateralization of function in rats in a visual reaction time task. AB - Rats were trained to orient to a visual cue presented in either visual field. An asymmetry in reaction time showed that they used one eye to control responses to both visual fields. Cortical removal contralateral to this dominant eye produced a severe and permanent response deficit. Cortical removal ipsilateral to the dominant eye caused a mild and temporary change. Thus, in the rat, there is a functional lateralization that is similar to that seen in humans. PMID- 3228472 TI - The effects of fornix section on win-stay/lose-shift and win-shift/lose-stay performance in the rat. AB - Two groups of rats were trained in 2-lever operant tasks that required them to follow either a Win-shift/Lose-stay rule, or else a Win-stay/Lose-shift rule. The rats in each testing condition attained a similar level of performance. Once the tasks had been learnt, half of the rats in each testing condition were given fornix lesions. These lesions produced a clear performance impairment at all inter-response retention intervals tested in those rats trained on the Win shift/Lose-stay task, but impaired performance in rats trained on the Win stay/Lose-shift condition only when the inter-response interval reached 10 s. The implications of these results for the working memory theory and for the temporal discontiguity theory are discussed. PMID- 3228474 TI - Environmental enrichment and recovery from a complex Go/No-Go reversal deficit in rats following large unilateral neocortical lesions. AB - Postoperative environmental enrichment in brain-lesioned rats has been found to enhance performance in tasks in which a range of sensory cues can be utilized but not in tasks in which information from one particular sensory modality is essential to goal attainment. This has generally been construed as evidence of a role for environmental enrichment in facilitating compensation for sensory loss but not recovery of lost function per se. However, most published investigations have adopted an experimental design which fails to empirically separate the processes of recovery and compensation. The present investigation, by employing a unisensory task and using unilateral cortical lesions, thus markedly reducing the functional value of compensatory mechanisms in the mediation of postoperative behaviour, seeks to distinguish the contributions of these processes. The results show a sizeable hemidecorticate deficit on a visual operant Go/No-go reversal task but fail to provide clear evidence of any facilitation of functional recovery as a result of postoperative environmental enrichment. PMID- 3228475 TI - A new one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in rats. 1: Behavioral data. AB - In this paper we describe a new memory test in rats, based on the differential exploration of familiar and new objects. In a first trial (T1), rats are exposed to one or to two identical objects (samples) and in a second trial, to two dissimilar objects, a familiar (the sample) and a new one. For short intertrial intervals (approximately 1 min), most rats discriminate between the two objects in T2: they spend more time in exploring the new object than the familiar one. This test has several interesting characteristics: (1) it is similar to visual recognition tests widely used in subhuman primates, this allows interspecies comparisons; (2) it is entirely based on the spontaneous behavior of rats and can be considered as a 'pure' working-memory test completely free of reference memory component; (3) it does not involve primary reinforcement such as food or electric shocks, this makes it comparable to memory tests currently used in man. PMID- 3228477 TI - Greater efficacy of preweaning than postweaning environmental enrichment on maze learning in adult rats. AB - In order to assess the behavioural effects of environmental stimulation at different stages of development, two groups of rats were exposed to multisensory enrichment on days 10-24 (preweaning) or 25-39 (postweaning). Both groups had four 25-min sessions per day in a large cage with a variety of stimuli, in addition to 3 min of handling before each session. The mother of the preweaning group remained in the home cage during the stimulation sessions. A third group was maintained in a social condition. Testing in a Hebb-Williams maze started when the rats of the 3 groups were 100 days old. Error, latency and running time scores were lowest in the preweaning group. PMID- 3228476 TI - Hippocampal interictal spikes induced by kindling: relations to behavior and EEG. AB - Hippocampal spontaneous interictal spikes (SISs) were recorded during the course of daily tetanization (kindling) of afferent fibers to the hippocampal CA1 region. SISs were detected after 3-10 tetanizations. A clear variation of SIS rate with behavior was observed. SIS rate was high during slow-wave sleep (SWS), waking immobility, face-washing and chewing and low during rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS), walking and rearing. Scopolamine hydrochloride (2.5-5 mg/kg i.p.) increased the SIS rate during walking. Despite the negative correlation of SIS occurrence with the theta rhythm in normal rats, abolishing the theta rhythm by medial septal lesions did not affect the suppression of SISs during REMS as compared to SWS. When interictal or postictal spikes were seen together with the theta rhythm, the spikes tended to occur at a phase of about 240 degrees after the positive peak of the alvear surface rhythm. PMID- 3228478 TI - Isolation-induced fighting in mice and regional brain monoamine utilization. AB - The utilization of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin was measured in ten brain regions of isolated fighting mice and resting control animals. Fighting produced a markedly significant change in the utilization of dopamine (P greater than 0.006), but not in norepinephrine or serotonin. However, important trends were identified in the latter systems which warrant further testing. This study highlights the importance of dopaminergic participation in fighting behavior. PMID- 3228479 TI - The hopping response after two-stage cortical ablation in young and adult rabbits. AB - In a group of 14 rabbits aged between 14 and 21 days a hemidecortication was performed in the left hemisphere. A normal monopedal lateral hopping response developed in both forelegs. At adult age, 13 weeks after the first lesion, the remaining cortex on the right side was ablated. Three days afterwards the hopping response was tested again. In all animals, the hopping response remained positive in the right foreleg, contralateral to the lesioning at early age. However, in 10 out of 14 animals the response was absent on the left side, contralateral to the recent lesion. These results show that the hopping response is not mediated by corticofugal connections of the remaining hemisphere of the foreleg contralateral to the early lesion. PMID- 3228480 TI - Consumption of alcohol compared to another bitter solution in a limited access drinking paradigm. AB - A number of recent studies have shown that free-feeding rats will consume pharmacologically significant amounts of alcohol when given access to alcohol for short periods of time daily. The present experiment was designed to examine the role of taste in inducing alcohol consumption in this type of periodic availability paradigm, by comparing amounts drunk thereby to amounts of another bitter solution, sucrose octa acetate (SOA), presented on a similar schedule. In contrast to alcohol, which was consistently preferred to water, at a concentration as high as 12% (w/v), preference for SOA diminished across days, indicating that the bitter taste alone was insufficient to increase consumption of this solution. The results also suggest the animals may be drinking in response to external conditioning stimuli, an effect which has previously been demonstrated in regard to feeding. PMID- 3228481 TI - The effect of embryonic ethanol exposure on detour learning in the chick. AB - To examine the effects of embryonic ethanol exposure on survivability, posthatch growth and detour learning, 4 groups of 30 fertile black sex-linked eggs were given 200 microliter injections of a solution of water and 0.0, 12.5, 37.5 or 50.0% (groups IC, L, M and H, respectively) ethanol (v/v) immediately preceding incubation. A fifth group of 33 eggs served as noninjected controls (NC). The results demonstrated that compared to group NC, a smaller percentage of groups M and H hatched and survived for behavioral testing, and that group H required more trials to reach criterion on the detour learning problem than did group IC. It was concluded that the teratogenic effects of ethanol are robust with respect to species and that the chick is an excellent model for studying some developmental and behavioral effects resulting from embryonic ethanol exposure. PMID- 3228482 TI - Ethanol with small doses of morphine establishes a conditioned place preference. AB - Conditioned place preference (CPP) testing is a way of indexing the reinforcing efficacy of drugs among rats. CPP testing involves using an alley with two distinctive sides. Typically, rats have drug experiences on one side and placebo experiences on the other. At testing, without drugs, their preference for side is tabulated. Rats' (6 groups of 12 each) place preferences were assessed before and after they were placed, once a day for 9 days, in the putative side of conditioning, and on 3 interspersed days, in the other side. During putative conditioning, one group received saline prior to being placed in both sides (a control group). Two groups had either morphine (2.0 mg/kg) or ethanol (0.5 g/kg) with the putative side of conditioning and saline with the other side. Three groups received morphine plus ethanol before being placed in the putative side of conditioning and either saline, morphine, or ethanol in the other side. At testing, rats that received morphine plus ethanol on side of putative conditioning showed a strong CPP whereas others did not. Results are compatible with the idea that ethanol's reinforcing effect is enhanced when there is a surfeit of opioidergic activity. PMID- 3228483 TI - ERP responses to ethanol and diazepam administration in squirrel monkeys. AB - The effects of oral administration of two doses of ethanol (0.75 and 1.5 g/kg) and a single dose of diazepam (2.5 mg/kg) on electrophysiological responses to an event related potential (ERP) paradigm were investigated in the squirrel monkey Saimiri Sciureus. A passive auditory "oddball plus novel" tone sequence was utilized to elicit N1, P2, N2, and P3-like components which resembled waveforms obtained from human subjects under the same conditions. Ethanol at both doses was found to produce a significant decrease in the amplitude of the N1 component. The higher ethanol dose also produced a significant decrease in the amplitude of the P3-like component. Ethanol at both doses was observed to produce significant increases in the variability of the amplitude of these components as measured from trial to trial. Diazepam, like ethanol, also induced a significant decrease in the N1 component of the ERP but did not affect the later waves. These results suggest that ERPs can reliably assess the electrophysiological actions of ethanol in monkeys. PMID- 3228484 TI - Elevated cerebrospinal fluid histidine in alcohol withdrawal. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) histidine concentration was significantly elevated in seven patients early in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome (206.3 +/- 74.4 (SEM) nanomols/ml CSF). When these same patients were restudied an average of six days later when alcohol withdrawal was clinically resolved, their mean CSF histidine concentration continued to be significantly elevated (164.7 +/- 24.7) when compared to normal (12.0 +/- 0.5 nanomols/ml CSF). Other amino acids (aspartic acid, serine, alanine, methionine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine and arginine) showed no definite changes from normal, and no change during the course of alcohol withdrawal. Possible reasons for these high concentrations and the extreme variability (especially early in alcohol withdrawal) are discussed. PMID- 3228486 TI - Interaction of ethanol and tetrahydro-beta-carboline (THBC) in a discriminative task. AB - Rats (n = 10) were trained to discriminate between ethanol (600 mg/kg, IP) and its vehicle, or between THBC (20 mg/kg) and its vehicle in a two-lever food motivated operant task. Once the discriminative training criterion was attained, rats in each group were administered different doses of both ethanol and THBC. The ED50 of ethanol in the ethanol-trained rats was 298.0 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg THBC produced ethanol-like responding. The ED50 of THBC in the THBC-trained rats was 3.63 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg ethanol produced THBC-like responding. The cross generalization between ethanol and THBC is, thus, indicated and relates to previous evidence in which both ethanol- and THBC-trained rats generalize to a common agent, TFMPP, a putatively specific 5HT1B receptor agonist. Taken together, these observations suggest that beta-carbolines may play a role in the discriminative stimulus properties of ethanol. PMID- 3228485 TI - Effect of bombesin on behaviors associated with ethanol satiation and blood ethanol levels. AB - The behavioral specificity and physiological significance of bombesin-induced inhibition of ethanol intake were assessed in water-deprived rats. The behavioral display accompanying suppression of 5% ethanol intake by bombesin tetradecapeptide (BBS-14, 1-4 micrograms/kg) was measured with an instantaneous time-sampling technique. Blood ethanol levels were measured after peripheral BBS 14 and bombesin nonapeptide (BBS-9) administration, and after either oral self administration or peripheral injection of ethanol. The display accompanying BBS 14-reduced ethanol consumption differed from control in that less drinking and feeding behaviors were observed and resting increased, dose-dependently. The typical behavioral sequence of ethanol satiation was observed in all conditions. Both BBS-14 and -9 reduced blood ethanol levels when oral intake was suppressed, and BBS-14 did not affect blood ethanol levels or elimination rate when ethanol was injected. The results are compatible with an hypothesis of a functional role for endogenous bombesin-like peptides and receptors in a neuropeptide control of ethanol intake and energy balance. PMID- 3228487 TI - Concentration of lactoferrin and transferrin throughout lactation in cow's colostrum and milk. AB - The evolution of the concentration of lactoferrin and transferrin was studied in cow's colostrum and milk throughout lactation. The highest concentrations of both proteins were found in the first milking (0.83 mg/ml for lactoferrin and 1.07 mg/ml for transferrin), decreasing sharply during the first days of lactation (colostral period). Thereafter, the concentrations of these proteins decreased slowly, reaching their definitive values during the third week post-partum (0.09 mg/ml for lactoferrin and 0.02 mg/ml for transferrin). The ratio transferrin/albumin in colostrum (first milking), mature milk, milk from mastitic cows and serum was determined, and found to be four times greater in colostrum than in mature or mastitic milk, suggesting a specific transport of transferrin from blood to milk. PMID- 3228489 TI - Degradation of 1,4-naphthoquinones by Pseudomonas putida. AB - Pseudomonas putida J1 and J2, enriched from soil with juglone, are capable of a total degradation of 1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, and 2 chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone. Naphthazerin and plumbagin are only converted into the hydroxyderivatives 2-hydroxynaphthazerin and 3-hydroxyplumbagin, respectively, whereas 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone is not attacked at all. The degradation of 1,4 naphthoquinone begins with a hydroxylation of the quinoid ring, yielding 2 hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone). Lawsone is reduced to 1,2,4 trihydroxynaphthalene with consumption of NADH. The fission product of the quinol could not be detected by direct means because of its instability. However, the presence of 2-chromonecarboxylic acid, a secondary product of lawsone degradation, leads to the conclusion, that the cleavage of the quinol takes place in the meta-position. The resulting ring fission product is converted into salicylic acid by removal of the side chain, presumably as pyruvate. Further degradation of salicyclic acid leads to the formation of catechol, which is then cleaved in the ortho-position and then metabolized via the 3-oxoadipate pathway. The initial steps in the degradation of 2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, namely, the hydroxylation of the quinone to 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, followed by the elimination of the chlorine substituent lead to lawsone, which is further degraded through the pathway described. The degradation steps could be verified by the accumulation products of mutant strains blocked in different steps of lawsone metabolism. Generation of mutants was carried out by chemical and by transposon mutagenesis. The regulation of the first steps of the pathway catalysed by juglone hydroxylase and lawsone reductase, was investigated by induction experiments. PMID- 3228488 TI - Mechanism of kinin release from human low-molecular-mass-kininogen by the synergistic action of human plasma kallikrein and leukocyte elastase. AB - We have investigated the kinin release from human L-kininogen, a poor substrate for plasma kallikrein, by the synergistic action of human PMN elastase and plasma kallikrein. Although PMN elastase alone failed to generate kinin activity from L kininogen, combination of PMN elastase with plasma kallikrein was found to be effective for the generation of kinin activity from L-kininogen. Two kinds of kinin, bradykinin and Met-Lys-bradykinin, were found to be released from L kininogen by the synergistic action of PMN elastase and plasma kallikrein. Pretreatment of L-kininogen with PMN elastase facilitated the kinin release by plasma kallikrein, whereas pretreatment of L-kininogen with plasma kallikrein did not allow kinin release by the action of PMN elastase. These results suggested that PMN elastase would act firstly on L-kininogen to form a kinin containing fragment, from which kinin is released by the action of plasma kallikrein. The kinin-containing fragment was isolated by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography of the elastase digest of L-kininogen. The amino-acid analysis and N-terminal amino-acid sequence analysis revealed that the kinin containing fragment consisted of 26 amino-acid residues and is formed by cleavage of an Ile-Ser and a Ser-His bond of L-kininogen. PMID- 3228490 TI - Structural requirements of human preproapolipoprotein AI for translocation and processing studied by site-directed mutagenesis in vitro. AB - A full length human serum apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) cDNA clone was isolated from a human liver cDNA library. The EcoRI insertion fragment was cloned into expression vectors pDS5 and pDS12 for in vitro transcription and translation. The primary translation product is correctly translocated and the N-terminal signal sequence of the primary translation product of the wild type apo AI cleaved in the presence of dog pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes releasing proapo AI. Ala-7 at the C-terminus of the signal sequence and Gln-1 of the prosequence were transposed by site-directed mutagenesis thus mutually exchanging the C-termini Gln-8-Ala-7 of the presequence and Gln-2-Gln-1 of the prosequence. The primary translation product of this mutated preproapo AI cDNA is correctly cotranslationally translocated into the lumen of the ER membranes and remains uncleaved by the signal peptidase. Deletion of the hexapeptide prosequence by site-directed mutagenesis in the preproapo AI cDNA led to a primary translation product which is cotranslationally translocated with processing to the mature apo AI polypeptide. We conclude that neither the proteolytic cleavage of the presequence nor the presence of the prosequence are structurally essential for the cotranslational translocation of apo AI. The amino-acid sequence bordering the cleavage site at the C-terminus of the presequence is without influence for the specificity of the signal peptidase. PMID- 3228491 TI - [Joint autumn meeting of the Austrian Biochemical Society and the Society for Biological Chemistry. 12-14 September 1988, Innsbruck. Abstracts]. PMID- 3228493 TI - The primary structure of the hemoglobin from the grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) and the black flying fox (P. alecto, Megachiroptera). AB - The primary structures of the hemoglobins of two Flying Foxes of the genus Pteropus are presented. Both comprise two components: in P. alecto hemoglobin two alpha-chains at a ratio of 1:1 and two beta-chains at a ratio of 4:1 were detected. The hemoglobin of P. poliocephalus comprises one alpha-chain and two beta-chains, the latter at a ratio of 1:1. The globin chains were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the sequences determined by automatic liquid and gas phase Edman degradation of the chains and their tryptic peptides. Compared with human hemoglobin, the alpha-chains of P. alecto and P. poliocephalus show 18 and 19 exchanges, respectively, whereas in the beta-chains 16/17 substitutions are found in both cases. In the alpha-chains of P. alecto, one exchange involves an alpha 1/beta 1-contact. In the beta-chains of both species one heme-, one alpha 1/beta 2- and two alpha 1/beta 1-contacts are exchanged. The relevant side chains are the same in both species. The functional and systematic aspects of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3228492 TI - Incorporation of non-acetylated hexosamines into plasma membrane glycoproteins of liver cells after galactosamine injection. AB - The following procedure for the detection of non-acetylated amino sugars in the plasma membrane was established: i) derivatization of free amino groups with dansyl-chloride, ii) hydrolysis with 3 M HCl (for 4 h at 105 degrees C) to liberate the dansylated carbohydrate moieties from the plasma membrane, iii) purification of the dansylated amino sugars by paper chromatography and subsequent analysis by thin-layer chromatography. Using this procedure, plasma membranes from rat liver were analysed after injection of D-[14C]galactosamine. For this purpose, rats were divided into three groups: the first received D galactosamine.HCl at a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w., the second at a dose of 75 mg/kg b.w. and the third at a hepatitis-inducing dose of 260 mg/kg b.w.. In all three groups the majority of the protein-bound radioactivity in the plasma membrane was not dansylated, thus representing N-acetylated amino sugars. At a dose of 2 mg/kg, only 0.34% of the protein-bound radioactivity in the plasma membrane reacted with dansyl-chloride. At a dose of 70 mg/kg this value increased to 1.9%. At 260 mg/kg the value was 3.6%. These results indicate that the incorporation of non-acetylated amino sugar into the plasma membrane was dose-dependent and reached 90 pmol per mg plasma membrane protein during galactosamine injury. However, this incorporation of non-acetylated amino sugars into the plasma membrane did not represent a pathological mechanism responsible for the onset of the galactosamine-induced liver injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228494 TI - Alteration of nuclear (2'-5')oligoriboadenylate synthetase and nuclease activities preceding replication of human immunodeficiency virus in H9 cells. AB - After infection of the respective target cells with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) viral progeny is produced only after a short temporary delay of some days, depending on cell type. After this period of time a sudden onset of HIV-1 protein synthesis with a dramatic increase in virus release occurs. (2' 5')Oligoriboadenylates [(2'-5')A], capable to activate a latent ribonuclease (RNase L) degrading both mRNA and rRNA, are known mediators involved in the early response of cells to virus infection. Here we show that the (2'-5')A-synthesizing (2'-5')A synthetase, which is inducible by interferon and activated by double stranded RNA, as well as a (2'-5')A nuclease (2',3'-exoribonuclease) are associated with the nuclear matrix of uninfected and infected H9 cells, also in the absence of interferon. Infection of H9 cells with HIV-1 was found to cause a strong (7.7-fold) enhancement of (2'-5')A synthetase activity and a smaller (2 fold) increase of 2',3'-exoribonuclease activity. Simultaneously the concentration of synthesized (2'-5')A increased 5 to 10 times in isolated nuclei. After incubation for 2 to 3 days both enzyme activities reached a maximum and then dropped below their initial values. Concomitantly a drastic increase in virus production occurred, as judged by reverse transcriptase activity in the culture fluid. These results suggest that the (nuclear matrix-associated) (2' 5')A system might be important during the initial stage of HIV infection, also by destructing matrix-bound viral messengers. PMID- 3228495 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in mice treated with pertussis toxin and betamethasone. AB - Effects of pertussis toxin (PT) and betamethasone on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice were studied. When mice received PT (1 microgram/mouse) at the time of immunization or elicitation, a depression of DTH responses was observed. In addition, when mice received PT five days before and at the time of immunization, the DTH responses were suppressed. The administration of betamethasone along with PT at the time of immunization and elicitation caused an inhibition of DTH responses. These results suggest that PT depressed the DTH responses and that betamethasone suppressed such responses. Based on these findings, possible mechanisms by which PT and betamethasone affect DTH are discussed. PMID- 3228496 TI - Complement activation is variably affected by fibronectin preparations obtained through different procedures. AB - Human plasma fibronectin (FN) containing preparations (FNCP) were prepared by means of gelatin-affinity chromatography of normal plasma cryoprecipitate (FNCP a), and by affinity chromatography of cryoprecipitate on a rabbit anti-human FN antiserum Sepharose column (FNCP-b) or of normal citrated plasma (FNCP-c). These preparations were then tested for their ability to influence certain complement (C')-dependent polymorphonuclear phagocyte activities. FNCP-a consistently inhibited humoral chemotaxis, whereas FNCP-b and -c did not. Measurement of C' activation by the C3 conversion assay revealed that only FNCP-a displayed inhibitory activity on classical and alternative pathways. Ouchterlony and immunoelectrophoretic analyses indicated substantial identity of all FNCPs. FNCP a contained a consistent amount of lower MW contaminants (between 40 and 60 KD) which were shown not to be immunologically related to FN by Western blot analysis. Immunoblotting also revealed a single band in FNCP-a (MW approx. 210 KD) instead of the anticipated two bands which were evident in the other FNCPs. Thus, a slight modification of the FN molecule and/or the presence of low MW contaminants in the gelatin-purified preparation seem able to induce inhibitory effects on C'-dependent polymorphonuclear phagocytic activities. PMID- 3228497 TI - [Natural killer (NK) activity in patients with HIV infection]. AB - NK activity and cells with NK phenotype (CD16+) were studied in 21 patients with HIV infection. In particular 8 patients with full-blown AIDS, 6 with AIDS related complex (ARC), 7 asymptomatic seropositive for anti-HIV antibodies were evaluated. Six subjects seronegative for anti-HIV antibodies from groups at risk for HIV infection were evaluated as well. NK activity was significantly reduced in AIDS and ARC patients but normal in asymptomatic seropositive subjects and in seronegative subjects at risk. NK cells (CD16+) were normal in AIDS patients, and in asymptomatic seropositive subjects, increased in ARC patients and in the subjects at risk. No statistical correlation was evident between the NK activity and the number of CD16+ cells in individual patients. The percentage of CD16+ cells coexpressing the HLA-DR marker i.e. CD16+ HLADR+ cells was significantly elevated only in ARC patients, and normal in the others. NK activity is the first line of defense against an invading virus and plays an important role in the immune surveillance of neoplasms. Therefore the reduced NK activity in AIDS and ARC patients can be consistent with the development of viral infections and unusual neoplasms frequently observed in such patients. The lack of correlation between defective NK activity and normal or increased number of cells with NK phenotype seems to indicate the existence of a more profound alteration in the function of NK cells rather than a simple numeric variation. PMID- 3228498 TI - Cisplatin-induced erythroid differentiation in K562 cells: modulation of transferrin receptor. AB - The human erythroleukemia cell line K562 can be induced to erythroid terminal differentiation by several chemical agents. The property of inducing cellular differentiation in vitro has also been demonstrated for different antineoplastic agents commonly used in therapeutic protocols. The molecular events involved during erythroid differentiation are wholly unknown. Here we demonstrate that K562 cells, undergoing differentiation by the alkylating agent Cisplatin (cis diamminedichloro platinum (II), CDDP) employed in clinical protocols for the treatment of solid tumors, are induced to produce haemoglobin. Down modulation of the transferrin receptor (Tfr), highly represented on the cell surface, is also observed during the early stages of differentiation. Furthermore, Tf receptor expression correlates with cell growth, is down regulated and lost during terminal differentiation. The Tfr down regulation is an early event, before haemoglobin production, during cell differentiation. The data suggest that CDDP can induce terminal differentiation in K562 cells in vitro, like other antineoplastic agents. PMID- 3228499 TI - Antitetanus immunity in a sample of adult population from the Siena area (Italy). AB - 1045 subjects (427 males and 618 females) from the Siena area, aged 20-85, were screened for tetanus antitoxin by the means of a passive haemogglutination assay. 32% of subjects was found protected against tetanus (antitoxin titre greater than or equal to 0.1 I.U./ml), 34.7% resulted partially protected (titre greater than or equal to 0.01 - less than 0.1 I.U./ml), and 33.3% was found unprotected (titre less than 0.01 I.U./ml). The protection rate was higher among males (44.9%) than among females (23%) and showed a definite age-related decrease. Within each age group, the protection rate was higher among males. The lowest protection rate (3.2%) was observed among females aged 70 or more. Analysis of the protection rate according to the individuals' occupation showed the highest value (44.9%) among workmen and the lowest (12.1%) among housewives. The anamnestic criterion was found exceedingly unreliable to assess the individual's immune status. Results, which are consistent with present tetanus italian epidemiology, are discussed for their implications relating to a possible improvement of current antitenus immunization policy. PMID- 3228500 TI - Anti-streptolysin O titer, fifty-five years after Todd: a reappraisal of its clinical significance. AB - Anti-streptolysin O (ASO) antibodies are an expression of the frequent encounters even during the first years of life with beta hemolytic Streptococci, they are easily measured by quantitative laboratory tests and so possess the characteristics of a screening test for impaired antibody production. We have assessed ASO titers in 1955 healthy subjects of different ages (range: 1 month to 97 years). The behaviour of ASO titer is extensively described in the text. The percentage of people with less than 10 TU titers is under 5% after the age of 5 years up to 15 years; from 15 to 60 years there are no subjects with undetectable ASO titer and after this age the percentage is still under 5%. It seems therefore advisable not to define a "normal" treshold when titrating these antibodies to avoid the risk of missing low antibody producers. PMID- 3228501 TI - In vitro effect of cefoxitin and amikacin combination on M. fortuitum. AB - The possible in vitro synergistic effect between amikacin and cefoxitin against 29 clinical isolates of M.fortuitum was studied either by the agar dilution checkerboard technique and by the killing curve on Mueller Hinton agar plus OADC enrichment and on 7H11. As evaluated by FIC index on MHA a synergistic effect was noted on 20 (68.96%) strains tested, an additive effect on 8 (27.60%) isolates, and a possible antagonistic effect only on 1 (3.44%) isolate. On 7H11 a synergistic effect was shown on 10 (38.50%) isolates, an additive effect on 12 (46.10%) and an antagonistic effect on 4 (15.40%) isolates. The killing curve observed on three strains (562, 565 and 505), specially selected as representative of synergistic (562), additive (565) and antagonistic effect (505) on the basis of their checkerboard results, showed synergistic effect on strains 562 and 565 as well as on strain 505 where complete killing was obtained in 24 h by a combination of two antibiotics used at 1/2 Mic. By the killing curve technique both antibiotics were found to be bactericidal but the effect was earlier for amikacin than for cefoxitin. PMID- 3228502 TI - [Effect of organic acidity in the non-enzymatic browning reaction during pasteurization of fruit juices]. PMID- 3228503 TI - [Morphometric observations on anisotropy of lymphocyte membranes]. PMID- 3228504 TI - [Effects of changes in dietary sodium intake on left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 3228505 TI - [Biohumoral and hemodynamic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in the hypertensive patient]. PMID- 3228506 TI - [Predictive values of biological monitoring indicators in the control of environmental lead exposure. Study using a pharmacokinetic model]. PMID- 3228507 TI - [Sterols from Spergularia ramosa]. PMID- 3228508 TI - [Pilot study on intramembrane particles using freeze-fracturing in muscular dystrophy patients and their families]. PMID- 3228509 TI - [Immunoglobulin, complement and hemopexin in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy and in their parents]. PMID- 3228510 TI - [Activation of the respiratory motor unit by stimulation of skeletal muscle afferent nerves]. PMID- 3228511 TI - GBP: a membrane protein of presynaptic vesicles which specifically binds gangliosides. PMID- 3228512 TI - [CA 15-3 in breast cancer]. PMID- 3228513 TI - [CA 15-3 in breast cancer--specificity and diagnostic potential]. PMID- 3228514 TI - [Evaluation of progesterone receptors in epithelial culture of human endometrium using a cytofluorescence method]. PMID- 3228515 TI - Lack of ion movement in the isolated and perfused rabbit lung ventilated with hypercapnic mixtures. PMID- 3228516 TI - Deficits in stereoscopic depth perception by mildly mentally retarded adults. AB - The ability of mildly mentally retarded adults to perceive specific perceptual phenomena attendant to global stereopsis produced by random element stereograms was investigated. From the standpoint of computational vision, these phenomena are difficult to process, yet nonretarded persons perceive them effortlessly and without error. Retarded subjects in this study, however, exhibited large qualitative deficits not attributable to an absence of stereopsis or a failure to comprehend. These results suggest that the computational requirements of the stimuli exceeded resources and imply the presence of a substantial structural deficit in an automatic preattentive perceptual stage quite distant from the domain of cognition. PMID- 3228517 TI - Phasic alertness and differences in picture encoding speed. AB - The relation between physical identity and name identity encoding speed was assessed. Correlational analyses indicated that similar processes may be involved in the two types of encoding and, by implication, that differences between mentally retarded and nonretarded subjects' physical identity and name identity encoding speed may result from common factors. Also, we assessed the extent to which differences in preparation for the presentation of external stimuli may account for any observed differences in encoding speed. A difference between retarded and nonretarded subjects in preparation time was apparent; however, this difference did not influence encoding speed. PMID- 3228518 TI - Structure of adaptive behavior in samples with and without mental retardation. AB - The structure of adaptive behavior as a function of age and status of handicap was investigated in two samples with mental retardation and five samples without retardation. Exploratory factor analysis of the subscale scores from a comprehensive, nationally standardized measure of adaptive behavior (Scales of Independent Behavior) revealed a large Adaptive or Personal Independence dimension. Although not consistently identified in all samples, secondary Academic, Personal Responsibility, and Community/Vocational dimensions were also identified. Possible differences were identified in the structure of adaptive behavior as a function of age. PMID- 3228519 TI - Differential validity of the K-ABC for lower functioning preschool children versus those of higher ability. AB - The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Form L-M, were administered to 93 preschool children at risk for learning problems. Lower and higher functioning groups were determined by a Stanford-Binet IQ median split. Although the Stanford-Binet and K-ABC yielded nearly identical results in the higher group, K-ABC standard scores were significantly higher than Stanford-Binet IQ in the lower group. The Stanford Binet and K-ABC correlated more strongly in the higher group than in the lower group. These findings question the ability of the K-ABC to discriminate among at risk preschoolers functioning in the lower ranges of cognitive ability. PMID- 3228520 TI - Low IQ samples and WAIS-R factor structure. AB - Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised subtests, as administered to 204 individuals with low IQs, were factor analyzed. Solutions proved comparable to structures extracted from the normative data and to solutions based on WAIS, WISC R, and WISC data for persons with low IQs. Given the restricted IQ range and diminished variance involved, this study provides a particularly stringent test of WAIS-R factor structure. Subtest contributions to general intelligence, however, tend to be more similar among samples of persons with low IQs than between the present low IQ sample and the standardization sample. Clinicians working with intellectually low functioning clients can validly make factor-based test interpretations, but use of short-forms may be dangerous. PMID- 3228521 TI - Reliability and validity of the vocational assessment and curriculum guide. AB - Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and validity of the Vocational Assessment and Curriculum Guide (VACG) with subjects having different employment characteristics was investigated. The VACG, a behavior rating scale comprised of eight vocational and social skill domains, was designed to assist in the development of employment training programs for persons with mental retardation and other disabilities. Test-retest coefficients ranged from - .69 to .96 (mean = .79). Internal consistency, estimated by coefficient alpha, ranged from .59 to .91 (mean = .76) for VACG domain scores. The alpha coefficient for the total test score was .95. Empirical validation results suggest that domain scores differentiated between subjects with mental retardation having only sheltered work experience and those who were employed successfully in the competitive labor force. PMID- 3228522 TI - Effects of staff management on the quality of residential care for mentally retarded individuals. AB - Effects of two interventions on the quality of residential care for severely and profoundly mentally retarded individuals were assessed. Four living groups (N = 39 residents) were involved. Effects of assigning one extra staff member on staff's distribution of activities were evaluated as were effects of assigning extra tasks (including organizing daily staff meetings, providing feedback, and prompting self-recording) to the extra staff member on staff's distribution of activities, on staff's initiatives towards residents, and on residents' behavior. Results showed that assigning one extra staff member to living groups did not produce any change in staff's distribution of activities. Assigning extra tasks to the extra staff member, however, produced significant changes in the direction of more time spent on training residents. Also, several changes in staff's initiatives towards residents were recorded, whereas few changes in resident behavior were found. PMID- 3228523 TI - Burnout and stress among employees at a state institution for mentally retarded persons. AB - The effects of burnout of 192 employees of a state institution were examined to determine whether these problems were different from conditions resulting from stress. Each subject completed a packet including the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Ivancevich's Job Stress Scale. For all groups, high burnout emerged in the form of low personal accomplishment, with moderate degrees of burnout measured by the Burnout Inventory subscales Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization. One of the stress variables (underutilization) correlated significantly with one Burnout Inventory subscale (Emotional Exhaustion). Results generally indicated that stress and burnout were separate constructs that can be best thought of as distinct entities. PMID- 3228524 TI - Cues-pause-point training and simultaneous communication to teach the use of signed labeling repertoires. AB - We taught two mentally retarded students who communicated by signing to answer questions with signed labels and evaluated the generalized effects of this training on their correct responding to untrained questions. The students received cues-pause-point training on one question set followed by generalization assessments on a different set in other settings. Periodic probes were conducted on two novel question sets in other settings to determine further the strength and spread of any generalization effects. A multiple baseline across-subjects design revealed that the students' incorrect signing was replaced with correct responding in the training and all generalization sets. These results replicate and extend previous research and suggest that cues-pause-point procedures can be useful in teaching students to use their manual signing repertoires. PMID- 3228525 TI - Increasing oral reading proficiency through overcorrection and phonic analysis. AB - The comparative efficacy of overcorrection, phonic analysis, and no-intervention control condition in an alternating treatments design on the number of oral reading errors made by 3 children with moderate mental retardation was evaluated. During overcorrection each oral reading error resulted in the teacher providing the correct word and the child pointing to and saying the word correctly five times before rereading the sentence in which the error word occurred. During phonic analysis, the teacher directed the child to attend to various phonetic elements of the error word and to "sound out" the word. Results showed that the children made fewer errors under both training conditions when compared to the no intervention control. Initially, the overcorrection procedure was more effective than phonic analysis in reducing the children's oral reading errors, but this changed with further training, and phonic analysis proved to be more effective with all children. These data suggest that both overcorrection and phonic analysis are effective in increasing oral reading proficiency but phonic analysis is more effective with extended training. PMID- 3228526 TI - The care and feeding of departments of preventive medicine. PMID- 3228527 TI - Effects of sex on differences in awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure. AB - Our purpose was to explain the reasons for sex differentials in the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension by identifying major social and behavioral predictors of these three sequential stages of high blood pressure control. We analyzed data on all 1,433 hypertensive subjects from the First Connecticut Blood Pressure Survey. Hypertensive women were more likely than hypertensive men to be aware of their high blood pressure (odds ratio = 1.40; confidence interval = 1.10 1.79) and to have controlled levels of blood pressure (odds ratio = 1.62; confidence interval = 1.08-2.44). Men and women who were aware of their hypertension were equally likely to be treated. Sex still explained differences in awareness and control of hypertension after adjusting for other significant variables. We conclude that sex is an important predictive covariate for adjustment in explaining differences in awareness and control of high blood pressure. Health care professionals should be aware of the differential role of sex when informing and treating hypertensive patients. PMID- 3228529 TI - Direct mail as a prompt for follow-up care among persons at risk for hypertension. AB - We undertook a direct mail campaign to urge persons identified as being at risk for hypertension to seek medical advice. Those who received a single mailing displayed a 28% increase in the proportion who subsequently discussed their blood pressure with a physician and a 12% increase in the proportion who had their blood pressure rechecked, while those persons who received six mailings reported an equivalent increase in physician discussions but a smaller increase in rechecking their blood pressure. These results support the use of inexpensive social marketing strategies as follow-up methods for blood pressure screening programs. PMID- 3228528 TI - Obesity and cholecystectomy among women: implications for prevention. AB - Almost all studies of the association of body mass with the risk of gallbladder disease have found that risk increases with obesity. Some studies report a nonlinear relationship of body mass to gallbladder disease risk, and some report that the association of excess body mass with increased risk of gallbladder disease is confined to younger women. We examined the association of body mass with the risk of cholecystectomy based on data from 14 years of follow-up of 16,638 women. The cholecystectomy rate was much greater in the highest quintile of Quetelet's body mass index than in other quintiles. The striking association of high rates of cholecystectomy with the highest quintile of Quetelet's body mass index was observed in each age group studied. The low incidence of cholecystectomy in young, thin women made the relative risk of cholecystectomy in women in the fifth quintile of body mass highest in women under 25 years of age. The observation that cholecystectomy rates are not linearly associated with obesity suggests that women in the highest quintiles of body mass could be considered a reasonable group in which strategies for prevention of gallbladder disease might be tested. PMID- 3228530 TI - Social learning variables and the risk of habitual smoking among adolescents: the Muscatine study. AB - During the past 10 years a good deal of effort has focused on preventing cigarette smoking among adolescents. This effort has often been made without a clear understanding of (1) which groups within the population are at highest risk, (2) which variables are associated with habitual smoking rather than experimentation, and (3) how the influence of those factors differs across levels of the variables that locate the adolescent in his or her social environment. The purpose of this research was to use a social learning model to address those three questions. The data were collected as part of the first wave of a longitudinal research project on adolescent smoking behavior. The results indicated that the ability to integrate smoking into the adolescent's lifestyle, followed by positive attitudes toward smoking and association with peers who smoked, had the greatest influence on the likelihood of habitual smoking. In addition, adolescents who were at the extreme ends of the popularity continuum or were the least integrated into the school environment were at the greatest risk for becoming habitual smokers. PMID- 3228531 TI - The epidemiology of drowning in adulthood: implications for prevention. AB - Previous epidemiological studies of drowning in the United States have dealt primarily with children. The epidemiology and prevention of drowning in adulthood may be very different. To test this general hypothesis, we analyzed the 293 drownings occurring among Sacramento County residents 20 years of age and above during 1974 to 1985. Drowning rates were highest for men 20-29 years of age (11.5 per 100,000 population) and blacks (7.5 per 100,000 population). Swimmers, boaters, and motor vehicle occupants were most frequently represented. Alcohol use was involved in 48% of cases overall and 77% of those involving motor vehicle occupants. A history of seizure disorder was another contributing factor. Important differences do exist in drowning epidemiology between children and adults. Our results suggest that preventing drowning will be more problematic among adults than among children. The study was also used to test the sensitivity of two commonly used methods of case ascertainment for cases in Sacramento County. A manual review of coroner's records had a sensitivity of 96%. A computerized review of death certificate data from the state's vital statistics data base had a sensitivity of 79%. The sources and implications of these differences are discussed. PMID- 3228532 TI - Adoption and maintenance of lifestyle modifications. AB - The search for determinants of compliance and noncompliance with prescribed medical treatments has yielded mixed results. Sociodemographic variables do not account for much variance in behavior, while various situational and attitudinal variables, particularly the health belief model and self efficacy, are better predictors of compliance. Successful attempts to explain health promotive behavior will require expanded models of helping and coping that encompass but go beyond the traditional medical model. The application of one such expanded model seems useful in assisting motivated clients to avoid various addictive and indulgent behaviors and in helping them prevent relapses to former high-risk behavior patterns. Health professionals are urged to join in partnership with their clients, particularly in regard to high-risk behaviors, on the dual grounds that a therapeutic alliance is more likely to result in mutually desired change and that clients should be free to choose their own lifestyles. PMID- 3228533 TI - Cigarette smoking. PMID- 3228534 TI - Vascular laboratory prediction of pedal pressure following femoropopliteal bypass. AB - This study examines the hypothesis that postoperative ankle-brachial pressure index (postop ABI) can be accurately predicted using noninvasive preoperative segmental leg pressure measurements. Seventy-three patients who underwent successful reverse autogenous vein femoropopliteal bypass and who had pre- and postoperative segmental leg pressure measurements were examined. Predicted postop ABI was estimated using the following formula: Postop ABI = 1 + (Preop ABI) - (Preop BKI). (BKI = below-knee brachial pressure index). Using this formula, 56 out of 73 (81%) patients had a measured postop ABI +/- 20% of predicted postop ABI. Five out of 73 (7%) patients had postop ABI less than 80% predicted, while 12 out of 73 (16%) patients had postop ABI greater than 120% of predicted. All patients with postop ABI greater than 120% of predicted had apparent tibial artery occlusive disease as indicated by preoperative gradients (BKI-ABI) greater than 0.15. PMID- 3228535 TI - Expanded PTFE prostheses as arterial substitutes in humans: late pathological findings in 73 excised grafts. AB - Through collaboration of surgeons, pathologists and bioengineers at five centers in Canada and France, this study analyzed the late pathology and structural changes in 73 expanded PTFE arterial prostheses harvested from patients at autopsies and reoperations. The degree of tissue encapsulation increased with the duration of implantation but was reduced by the presence of infection. In several cases, the fibrous tissue penetrated the wall of the prosthesis and partitioned off the thin outer layer, thus disrupting the delicate microporous structure of the wall. The presence of aneurysms was observed in models that had no external reinforcing layer and among grafts that apparently suffered from surgical trauma. Wrinkling of grafts was noted at areas of flexion and was often associated with thickening of the external capsule and reduced luminal diameters. Endothelialization was found within only a few millimeters of the anastomoses. The luminal surfaces were generally not well healed. The PTFE structure was usually readily visible under a thin covering of loosely adhering thrombotic deposits. Bacteria were observed in 46% of the cases, even though only 29% were considered clinically infected. The incidence of lipid or cholesterol deposits was high. Avoiding iatrogenic trauma to the external wall of the prosthesis during implantation is important. Those features where design improvements are required to provide longer term structural integrity and dimensional stability in future models of expanded PTFE prostheses should be identified. PMID- 3228536 TI - Normothermic rapid volume replacement in vascular catastrophes using the Infuser 37. AB - Twenty patients (Group 1) with a mean age of 38.5 +/- 16 years and an admission Trauma Score of 7.26 +/- 5.9, suffered 27 vascular injuries and were resuscitated with the Infuser 37 (IN-37) with an integral heat exchanger. Admission systolic BP averaged 46.47 mmHg (seven with absent vital signs). A mean of 7,030 ml of blood, 3,313 ml of colloid and 13,630 ml of crystalloid per patient was given in less than 24 hours, mostly through the IN-37. Twelve thoracotomies, nine laparotomies, and one extremity exploration were performed. Twelve patients, seven with a Trauma Score less than 3, died in less than 24 hours of exsanguination. The survival rate was 40% at 24 hours and 25% at 30 days. Six patients (Group 2) with a mean age of 70.33 +/- 8.3 years underwent operation for ruptured aortic aneurysm (5 pts), and elective aortic aneurysm (1 pt) with a 66% survival at 24 hours. Admission systolic blood pressure averaged 84 mmHg. A mean of 3,895 ml of blood, 1,900 ml of colloid and 7,733 ml of crystalloid per patient was administered in less than 24 hours, mostly through the IN-37. The IN-37 provides a safe and simple means of normothermic, rapid volume replacement in hemorrhagic shock. Its use in critically ill but potentially salvageable patients with vascular injuries and aortic aneurysm may avoid the consequences of prolonged hypoperfusion and hypothermia. PMID- 3228537 TI - Patency and intimal hyperplasia: the effect of aspirin on small arterial anastomosis. AB - This experiment evaluated the effect of aspirin (ASA) on the patency and development of intimal hyperplasia in autologous, small caliber, arterial end-to side anastomosis. Twenty-eight adult female rabbits had their distal left external iliac artery transposed and anastomosed to the right proximal external iliac artery. Fourteen rabbits received ASA 40 mg by gavage twice in the 24 hours preceding the operation and 5 times a week postoperatively (experimental) and 14 rabbits received no ASA therapy (control). Plasma salicylate levels range from 25 to 36 micrograms per milliliter in experimental animals. Patency of the reconstruction was assessed by Doppler examination each month, confirmed by autopsy and calculated by life table analysis. Five cross sections of each patent anastomosis harvested at six and nine months were examined by light microscopy. A total of seven thromboses occurred in the control group versus two occlusions in the experimental group. Four of the thromboses in the control group occurred less than seven days after the reconstruction, whereas no such events occurred in the experimental group. Patency by actuarial methods at nine months was 45.5% versus 81.8% (p less than .05) in control and experimental groups, respectively. This improvement occurred in spite of similar values for intimal thickness and lumen to-basement membrane ratios in both control and experimental groups. We conclude that aspirin significantly improves the nine month patency rate of small autologous end-to-side anastomosis, and its effect is most noticeable in the early postoperative period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228538 TI - Atherosclerosis and disturbances in flow. AB - From experiments on flow in a tapered tube it was found that a ring vortex could be produced in certain circumstances. The parameter which determines the vortex formation is the product of peak reversed flow, Reynolds number, and the taper angle of the tube. Using dimensional analysis, conditions in a model were adjusted to simulate those in the unbranched superficial femoral artery. A vortex was formed when there was sufficiently strong reversed flow, and it did so over a range of nondimensional frequencies similar to those which occur in the artery in humans. When the vortex passes up the tube, the surface stresses oscillate at a frequency an order of magnitude higher than the pulse frequency. It is possible that this oscillating stress could trigger atherosclerosis. The initiating ring vortex could be induced by a slight stenosis distal to the site of atherogenesis. PMID- 3228539 TI - Monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials in carotid surgery: results, usefulness and limitations of the method. AB - We have monitored cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) during 177 carotid operations (167 carotid endarterectomies). An intraluminal shunt was always used for endarterectomy of the internal carotid artery (CEA). SEP was not readable in 21 operations. During 126 carotid operations, no alteration of SEP occurred. However, three patients had an immediate postoperative neurologic deficit while the SEP remained normal. Abnormal SEP occurred in 30 patients. In two cases irreversible loss of SEP was seen. Both patients awoke with a new neurologic deficit after the operation. We found reversible abnormal SEP in 28 cases. In 63 cases with contralateral stenosis, abnormal SEP caused by carotid clamping was observed in 15 (24%). The diagnostic sensitivity of intraoperative SEP monitoring in predicting neurologic outcome following carotid operation was 100% with a specificity of 40%. Monitoring of SEP during carotid surgery is a reliable and useful method to detect incipient cerebral ischemia and to determine the need for shunting. The prognostic value of SEP monitoring to predict postoperative neurologic deficits is limited by the low specificity of the method. PMID- 3228540 TI - In vitro effects of Nd:YAG laser radiation on blood: a quantitative and morphologic analysis. AB - Use of the Neodymium: yttrium -aluminum -garnet (Nd:YAG) laser to recanalize stenosed arteries may require delivery of the beam through blood. To assess the degree of hemolysis and debris formation, 54 samples of citrated whole blood were exposed to Nd:YAG laser radiation of varying powers (10, 20 and 30 watts) and duration (1, 2.5 and 5 seconds). Compared to control samples which were not subjected to laser light, there was no significant decrease in hematocrit (41 to 40.5 +/- 5%), hemoglobin concentration (13.8 to 13.8 +/- .06 g/1OO ml), or increase in "free" hemoglobin concentration. Debris weight (from .45 +/- .002 to .45 +/- .002 mg), as well as the white blood cell count, was also not significantly changed (from 5,400 to 5,200 +/- 240 WBC/cm). Light microscopy examination of debris from samples of whole blood, washed erythrocytes, and platelet-rich plasma subjected to the laser at 30 watts for five seconds failed to demonstrate the presence of membrane denaturation of blood elements, as compared with the morphologic changes observed in whole blood samples exposed to a "hot tip" rather than Nd:YAG laser radiation. Nd:YAG laser can be used intravascularly without fear of hemolysis or debris "micro-embolization" up to a power of 30 watts for five seconds. PMID- 3228541 TI - Atraumatic control in calcified arteries. AB - We have attempted distal saphenous vein bypasses for limb salvage in increasingly difficult situations. Severe calcification in the recipient artery makes vascular control and anastomosis troublesome. An atraumatic method of intraluminal control, which has been of aid in this situation, is described. PMID- 3228542 TI - Massive upper extremity edema following vascular access surgery. AB - We recently treated three patients with chronic renal failure who required subclavian vein cannulation with Uldall catheters following thrombosis of their arteriovenous fistulae. New arteriovenous fistulae were created in each patient following removal of the Uldall catheters. The patients were seen subsequently with massive, painful edema in the ipsilateral upper extremities from one to 10 weeks following creation of the arteriovenous fistulae. Radiographic studies documented stenosis or occlusion of the ipsilateral proximal subclavian vein. The arteriovenous fistula was ultimately ligated in each patient, which promptly resolved the pain and edema. Because subclavian vein thrombosis following temporary hemodialysis through an indwelling catheter is frequently asymptomatic until an arteriovenous fistula is constructed, venography should be considered in patients requiring upper extremity vascular access procedures. Demonstration of subclavian vein stenosis or occlusion would either preclude use of the upper extremity for an arteriovenous fistula or would require a concomitant procedure to relieve the venous obstruction. PMID- 3228543 TI - Thoracoabdominal retroperitoneal approach for repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with horseshoe kidney. AB - This article describes a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with horseshoe kidney that was repaired through a thoracoabdominal retroperitoneal approach. In general we believe that the retroperitoneal approach is preferable to the standard transabdominal approach since it avoids the two major difficulties associated with aneurysm repair in a patient with a horseshoe kidney. These are the renal artery anomalies which can be reanastomosed from within the aneurysm sac and the renal isthmus anterior to the aorta which is retracted with the kidney. PMID- 3228544 TI - Aortic aneurysm infections. PMID- 3228545 TI - Argon laser treatment of lipid keratopathy. AB - Sixty-three cases of vascularised lipid keratopathy were treated with the argon laser to occlude feeder vessels which had been identified by fluorescein angiography. There was a reduction in extent in 62% and density in 49%. Visual acuity was improved in 48%. Six patients had keratoplasties shortly after treatment, none of which showed graft rejection. Minor complications included temporary haemorrhage into the cornea and iris atrophy. A more serious problem was severe corneal thinning after resorption of lipid. The patients had to be carefully followed up and maintained on a low dose of topical steroid. PMID- 3228546 TI - Primary myxoid liposarcoma of the orbit. AB - Orbital liposarcoma is a rare and usually unsuspected neoplasm. Over a five-year period three female patients aged 22, 71, and 77 years presented with primary myxoid liposarcoma of the orbit. The management of one patient was complicated by a history of orbital decompression for suspected thyroid eye disease. The tumour infiltrates locally beyond a deceptive pseudocapsule, and surgery has to be radical to be effective. PMID- 3228547 TI - Bilaterality of tears of the retinal pigment epithelium. AB - Eyes with tears of detached retinal pigment epithelium have been studied for up to 10 years following the acute event. In a retrospective study it has been determined that such a lesion in one eye implies a high risk of a similar event occurring in the fellow eye. Patients with loss of vision in their second eye as a result of a pigment epithelial tear were also studied; in 10 of 22 patients a similar lesion could be identified in the first eye. These observations suggest that these patients have specific changes at the level of Bruch's membrane which predispose to this particular manifestation of age related macular disease. PMID- 3228549 TI - Yersinia-induced uveitis in Ireland. AB - A prospective study was undertaken on 54 patients with an apparently idiopathic first attack of acute anterior uveitis. Blood samples were assayed for antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and tested for HLA type. Thirteen patients were found to have serological evidence of recent yersinia infection, eight with Y. enterocolitica and five with Y. pseudotuberculosis. The clinical course of uveitis did not differ from that typically found in HLA-B27 positive patients. Five patients were observed to develop non-ocular inflammation at a variable interval. The means by which eye inflammation follows yersinia infection is discussed in the light of recent theories on pathogenesis of HLA-B27 associated diseases. PMID- 3228548 TI - Solar retinopathy following religious rituals. AB - Four cases of solar retinopathy due to sun gazing during religious rituals are reported. All four patients suffered irreversible visual loss. PMID- 3228550 TI - Blood glucose discrimination training in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. AB - Self-management of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is dependent on a negative feedback loop of blood glucose (BG) fluctuations, which in turn directs treatment decisions to maintain normal BG. Although this feedback is typically accomplished by self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), SMBG has limitations, and patients often rely on what their BG "feels" like. Two studies were performed to evaluate whether patients could learn to more accurately "feel"/discriminate their BG on the basis of internal cues or internal plus external BG cues. In Study I, BG Awareness Training significantly improved pre- to posttreatment BG estimation accuracy, relative to a control group. Study II replicated BG Awareness Training efficacy in improving BG estimation accuracy. Improvement in estimation accuracy was related only to initial accuracy; those who were initially less accurate improved the most. This improvement was represented in a 31% reduction in dangerous BG estimation errors and a 9% increase in accurate estimates. Resulting estimations were, however, still significantly less accurate than SMBG at the end of training. PMID- 3228551 TI - Trachea-noise biofeedback in asthma: a comparison of the effect of trachea-noise biofeedback, a bronchodilator, and no treatment on the rate of recovery from exercise- and eucapnic hyperventilation-induced asthma. AB - We review some of the evidence that supports the existence of psychosomatic triggers to bronchospasm in asthmatics, and hypothesize that it may also be possible to consciously reverse bronchospasm using trachea-noise biofeedback. We precipitated significant levels of bronchospasm in 16 asthmatics using exercise or eucapnic-hyperventilation challenges on five occasions, and administered four different treatments and a no-treatment control. The treatments were trachea noise biofeedback (TNBF), wrong-information TNBF, an inhaled adrenergic bronchodilator, and a placebo inhaler, all given double blind. Half of the subjects had 3 training days in the use of the TNBF device before study. Our results show that TNBF, in the trained subjects only, is associated with a detectable, but not statistically significant, increase in the rate of recovery from bronchospasm over that found with no treatment. We conclude that, although asthmatics seem to have a strong ability to consciously induce bronchospasm, conscious reversal of a full asthma attack using TNBF is limited. Despite contrary conclusions by other investigators, we believe that this study demonstrated little TNBF-assisted recovery from bronchospasm. We suggest that this is because its effect may be inhibited by humoral mechanisms that sustain the attack, but we believe further work is required to support this. PMID- 3228552 TI - Generalization of EMG biofeedback training. AB - Five young adults received audio biofeedback training to reduce trapezius EMG levels while they engaged in reading in an office, seated at a table. A multiple baseline-across subjects design was employed in two separate studies. After training, all subjects demonstrated reduced EMG levels while reading in a home or library setting. The first study suggested that subjects reduced EMG levels by minimizing movements and altering their postures; the second study systematically demonstrated changes in such behavior, which was correlated with EMG levels. The data provide evidence that EMG biofeedback resulted in response generalization across several motoric classes, and in stimulus generalization from the training setting to the natural environment. The importance of assessing generalization is discussed. PMID- 3228553 TI - Academic courses in biofeedback. AB - The data presented here represent a sampling of the activities in programs offering academic courses in biofeedback that responded to the Education Committee's effort to develop a directory of such courses. A diversity of type and number of training experiences, equipment, resources, and approaches to training are represented. The committee is currently working on a format to share the wealth of course materials gathered in addition to the directory, which has already been published (Biofeedback Society of America, 1987). PMID- 3228554 TI - New methods for removing saccades in analysis of smooth pursuit eye movement. AB - New computation methods for removing saccades in analysis of smooth pursuit eye movement characteristics were developed. They have removed saccades more completely than previous methods, and were very effective especially for noisy data recorded by the EOG method. The fully developed method was applicable to eye movement data in tracking of pseudo-random target movement as well as deterministic target movement. Furthermore, the methods were also useful for extracting the number and magnitudes of saccades more precisely. PMID- 3228555 TI - Coherent oscillations: a mechanism of feature linking in the visual cortex? Multiple electrode and correlation analyses in the cat. AB - Primary visual coding can be characterized by the receptive field (RF) properties of single neurons. Subject of this paper is our search for a global, second coding step beyond the RF-concept that links related features in a visual scene. In recent models of visual coding, oscillatory activities have been proposed to constitute such linking signals. We tested the neurophysiological relevance of this hypothesis for the visual system. Single and multiple spikes as well as local field potentials were recorded simultaneously from several locations in the primary visual cortex (A17 and A18) using 7 or 19 individually advanceable fiber microelectrodes (250 or 330 microns apart). Stimulus-evoked (SE)-resonances of 35 85 Hz were found in these three types of signals throughout the visual cortex when the primary coding channels were activated by their specific stimuli. Stimulus position, orientation, movement direction and velocity, ocularity and stationary flicker caused specific SE-resonances. Coherent SE-resonances were found at distant cortical positions when at least one of the primary coding properties was similar. Coherence was found 1) within a vertical cortex column, 2) between neighbouring hypercolumns, and 3) between two different cortical areas. We assume that the coherence of SE-resonances is mediated by recurrent excitatory intra- and inter-areal connections via phase locking between assemblies that represent the linking features of the actual visual scene. Visually related activities are, thus, transiently labelled by a temporal code that signalizes their momentary association. PMID- 3228556 TI - On the behavior of some associative neural networks. AB - Since Hopfield published his work on an associative memory model, a large number of works have studied the model from several angles and showed in particular its weaknesses, and presented ways to overcome them. Most of the proposed solutions seem to us however not biologically plausible. In this paper we present a simple statistical analysis of two networks similar to the Hopfield net, and show that the usage of positive feedback enhances the net recognizing capability without jeopardizing the stability. We also describe a layered parallel network composed of modules, each module being a modified Hopfield net. We finally present computer simulation results to support our analytical findings. The most important principles of this network are supported by data from the world of neurobiology. PMID- 3228557 TI - Underlying neural computations for some visual phenomena. AB - In this paper we examine how a large array of neurons, and their associated neural circuitry, may determine known receptive field profile types and some well known visual phenomena including Mach bands, edge enhancement, and visual masking of one signal by another. The neural model has a spatio-temporal structure and is described by a nonlinear integropartial differential difference equation with an isotropic Gabor kernel - a Gaussian apertured cosine modulation. Several simulations are presented. PMID- 3228558 TI - Patterns of serum glucose and galactose concentrations in term newborn infants after milk feeding. AB - Galactose and glucose concentrations were measured in peripheral blood in relation to ad libitum milk feeding in 11 healthy near-term infants. Galactose and glucose concentrations before feeding averaged 1.06 +/- 0.21 and 60.3 +/- 3.2 mg/dl, respectively. After feedings containing 0.76-2.68 g lactose/kg body weight, both galactose and glucose rose by approximately 35% Galactose concentrations rose by 0.72 +/- 0.10 mg/dl at 30 min after feeding, while glucose concentration rose by 23.3 +/- 2.5 mg/dl at 30 min after feeding. The 25-fold greater absolute increase in the concentration of glucose than galactose is consistent with efficient first-pass clearance of galactose by the neonatal liver. PMID- 3228559 TI - Head position in low-risk premature infants. Impact of nursing routines. AB - Head position preference in 15 low-risk pre-term infants studied in relation to conceptional age and nursing routines. A head position preference to the right is evident with respect to the head position imposed by the nurse. The observed spontaneous head position preference might be ascribed to the influence of the foregoing imposed head position, the influence of which diminishes with increasing observation time. After several spontaneous head turnings the low-risk pre-term infants show no head position preference anymore. PMID- 3228560 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry. Effect of irradiation on the skin bilirubin index. AB - We studied the relation between irradiation and the percent decrease of skin and serum bilirubin during phototherapy. There was a significant positive correlation between the percent decrease of transcutaneous bilirubinometry readings at the sites exposed directly to light (chest) and irradiation (r = 0.593, p less than 0.001, n = 32). A significant positive correlation was also found between the percent decrease of serum bilirubin concentration and irradiation (r = 0.587, p less than 0.001, n = 32), and the percent decrease of skin bilirubin at exposed sites (chest) and the percent decrease of serum bilirubin concentration (r = 0.481, p less than 0.001, n = 32). Thus, light energy quantitatively affects skin and serum bilirubin. In order to determine the optimal effective wavelength and irradiation energy for phototherapy, it is necessary to examine skin bilirubin kinetics in detail during phototherapy. PMID- 3228561 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome in rats: conditions for improvement of ethanol effects on fetal cerebral development with supplementary agents. AB - As a possible preventative measure for brain dysfunction in the fetal alcohol syndrome, the effect of zinc or vitamin E supplementation together with ethanol on the fetal cerebrum was investigated in rats. Contrary to our previously published data showing the good effect of 0.01% zinc with 30% ethanol on fetuses, the administration of 0.01% zinc with 20% ethanol, 0.03% vitamin E with 20% ethanol or 0.02% vitamin E with 10% ethanol during pregnancy did not result in a good effect on the body and cerebral weights of fetuses on gestational day 21. The development of dendritic branches on frontal cerebral neurons in fetuses was decreased in the order of the control, zinc with ethanol and ethanol groups. The concentration and content of alpha-tocopherol were increased, but those of zinc were not, in the fetal cerebrum with the maternal administration of vitamin E or zinc together with ethanol, respectively. These results suggest that the improvement of the brain function might depend on the deficient agent induced by maternal ethanol ingestion. PMID- 3228563 TI - Red, white, and blue. PMID- 3228562 TI - Glucose homeostasis in the newborn. Effects of oral feeding on response to fasting and intravenous glucose infusion in neonatal piglets. AB - The effect of oral feeding on the response to fasting and to an intravenous glucose infusion was investigated in neonatal piglets. Piglets, which had received no food at birth, reduced both their rates of glucose appearance and glucose utilisation (at 24 h: 43 +/- 3.5 mumol/min in previously fed piglets and 28 +/- 6 mumol/min in fasted piglets; at 48 h: 45 +/- 3.5 mumol/min in previously fed piglets and 25 +/- 5 mumol/min in fasted piglets). This reduction in glucose turnover was not associated with a fall in plasma glucose concentration, and all groups of piglets were normoglycaemic at the start of the study. An intravenous infusion of glucose (100 mumol/kg/min) resulted in suppression of hepatic glucose output and an increase in the glucose utilisation rate. Piglets, which had received no food at birth, had lower absolute rates of glucose utilisation throughout the period of infusion. The present study indicates that major changes in glucose turnover rates may occur prior to these being reflected in changes in blood glucose concentration. The results also indicate that oral feeding affects both steady-state glucose turnover and the response to an intravenous glucose infusion. PMID- 3228564 TI - Subjective cognitive dysfunction, eye tracking, and slow brain potentials in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. AB - The relationships between subjective cognitive dysfunction (so-called basic symptoms) and some psychophysiological measures were examined repeatedly in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients during an acute psychotic episode, and comparisons were made with psychotic symptom ratings. Psychophysiological variables were: quality of eye tracking, amplitude measures of the contingent negative variation, and reaction time. Ratings of psychotic and basic symptoms were significantly correlated, but only the basic symptom score showed significant associations with eye tracking, contingent negative variation, and reaction time. Although this pattern was confined to the recovery phase of the psychotic episode, the results suggest that the core psychopathological correlates of these psychophysiological measures consist of basic symptoms rather than florid psychotic symptoms. PMID- 3228565 TI - Vanadium and other trace elements in patients taking lithium. AB - The serum concentrations of 24 trace elements were measured by neutron activation analysis in 32 patients on long-term lithium treatment and 32 age- and sex matched healthy controls. Whole blood and hair samples were also taken from a number of these subjects. Compared to controls, patients on lithium were found to have a lower serum vanadium, a lower serum cobalt, and an elevated serum aluminium level. These findings are discussed. PMID- 3228566 TI - Influences of partial REM sleep deprivation and awakenings on nocturnal cortisol release. AB - Decreasing endogenous plasma cortisol levels during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep have been recently reported, suggesting a diminished or absent secretory activity of the adrenals during this period. On the other hand, episodes of light sleep (Stage 1) and intermittent wakefulness have been found to be associated with increasing plasma cortisol levels. The present experiments in 10 adult men were designed to examine whether or not REM sleep inhibits adrenocortical activity and if short periods of wakefulness increase nocturnal cortisol release. Somnopolygraphic recordings were obtained from each subject under three experimental sleep conditions: a baseline night, an REM deprivation night in which the subject's sleep was disturbed contingent upon the occurrence of REM, and a control night in which sleep was disturbed both during REM deprivation and non-REM (NREM) epochs, i.e., mostly during Stage 2 sleep. This last condition was introduced to distinguish the effects of REM deprivation from those of arousals that may per se act as stressful stimuli for cortisol release. Contrary to expectation, we found that both REM sleep deprivation and arousals in NREM epochs reduced rather than enhanced mean plasma cortisol levels as compared with baseline conditions. These findings do not support the hypothesis of an inhibitory effect of REM sleep on cortisol secretion, though present data do not refute this hypothesis. The awakenings, or the light sleep subsequent to sleep disturbance, appear to have no stimulatory effect on adrenocortical secretion. Awakenings during sleep at night may even reflect the activity of mechanisms inhibiting sleep-related increases in plasma cortisol concentration. PMID- 3228567 TI - Aspiration pneumonitis following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with gastroparesis. PMID- 3228568 TI - Familial and sporadic schizophrenia: visual evoked potential differences. PMID- 3228569 TI - Sleep EEG variables in young schizophrenic and depressive patients. PMID- 3228570 TI - Sleeping and napping--cognitive influences on the biological clock. PMID- 3228571 TI - The effect of bright light on plasma prolactin. PMID- 3228572 TI - Urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin in menstruating women. PMID- 3228573 TI - MRI scans in patients with tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 3228574 TI - Ocular absorption and disposition of phenylephrine and phenylephrine oxazolidine. AB - The ocular bioavailability of phenylephrine oxazolidine (PO), a prodrug intended for rapid corneal penetration, was micronized and suspended in sesame oil (1 and 10 per cent) and compared in bioavailability to phenylephrine HC1 (PE) dissolved (10 per cent) in a buffered (pH 5.75), viscous (30 centipoise) vehicle. Cornea and aqueous humor of New Zealand rabbits were measured over time following 10 microliter instillation to the eye. Based upon AUC measurements, corneal and aqueous humor levels were approximately 6 and 8 times greater for 10 per cent PO versus 10 per cent PE, respectively. In addition, the ocular pharmacokinetic values were determined for PE applied in a constant concentration (1 per cent) to the cornea over 180 min to anesthetized rabbits. Cornea and aqueous humor were measured for drug content over time. Using moment analysis and an initial slope method, the absorption rate constant, ka, the steady state volume of distribution in the eye, Vss, and ocular clearance, Qe, were calculated. Values obtained for PE were 4.15 x 10(-5) min-1, 0.423 ml and 14.6 microliter min-1, respectively. The half-life for drug elimination ranged from 63-83 min depending on the tissue or route of administration. PMID- 3228575 TI - Comparative human study of ibuprofen enantiomer plasma concentrations produced by two commercially available ibuprofen tablets. AB - Twelve healthy male subjects participated in a two-way Latin square crossover study in which the treatments were a single 400 mg generic ibuprofen tablet (Tablet A) or a single 400 mg MOTRIN Tablet (Tablet B). Blood samples were drawn at various times through 12 h after dosing and plasma samples were assayed for ibuprofen enantiomers with a stereospecific capillary gas chromatographic procedure. Concentration-time data for both enantiomers were in agreement and indicated that drug was absorbed much more quickly from Tablet B than from the Tablet A; enantiomer Tmax values were less than 1.3 h from Tablet B but longer than 4 h from the Tablet A (p less than 0.001). Also, maximum enantiomer plasma concentrations from the Tablet B were about 50 per cent of the peak concentrations observed from Tablet A (p less than 0.001). The total extent of drug absorption appeared to be the same in both products. These data clearly indicate that the two tablets are not bioequivalent with respect to either ibuprofen enantiomer. PMID- 3228577 TI - A note regarding curve fitting with a sum of exponentials. PMID- 3228578 TI - Anorectal malformations in children: update 1988. PMID- 3228579 TI - Procedure for identification and management of anorectal anomalies in the newborn infant. PMID- 3228580 TI - Anorectal atresia. PMID- 3228576 TI - Relative bioavailability of a controlled-release albuterol formulation for twice daily use. AB - A two-way-crossover bioavailability study was completed with 15 healthy male volunteers to evaluate the relative bioavailability of an orally administered controlled-release (CR) formulation of albuterol as compared to the immediate release (IR) formulation of albuterol. The CR formulation of albuterol used in this study was based mechanistically on the elementary osmotic pump. Each subject received one 8 mg CR tablet every 12 h for 8 consecutive days and one 4 mg IR tablet every 6 h for 8 consecutive days, with 7 days separating each phase. During day 8 of dosing, hourly blood samples (0-12 h) were collected after the morning dose and three additional samples were obtained 16, 20 and 24 h following this dose. Plasma concentrations were measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure. No statistically significant differences were observed in mean steady-state values for Cmax, Cmin, AUC(0-12 h) and peak-to-trough fluctuations (PTF) in comparing the two dosage formulations. Mean steady state Tmax values were 2.6 and 6.0 h for the TR and CR formulations, respectively. It was concluded that twice daily administration of the controlled-release formulation of albuterol provides an alternative to four times daily administration of conventional (immediate-release) albuterol tablets. PMID- 3228581 TI - Potential anatomic sphincters of anorectal malformations in females. PMID- 3228582 TI - Surgical treatment of female anorectal malformations. PMID- 3228584 TI - Rectal ectasia: primary and secondary associated with anorectal anomalies. PMID- 3228583 TI - Wingspread anomalies, rarities, and super rarities of the anorectum and cloaca. PMID- 3228585 TI - Hematopoietic stem cell regulation. PMID- 3228586 TI - Maintenance and proliferation control of primitive hemopoietic progenitors in long-term cultures of human marrow cells. AB - Primitive, high-proliferative potential hemopoietic progenitors can be routinely maintained for many weeks in long-term marrow cultures (LTC) in the absence of added hemopoietic growth factors. Nevertheless, these progenitors are clearly responsive to both positive and negative regulatory control mechanisms that operate within the adherent layer as evidenced by cyclic changes in their proliferative activity each time the medium is replaced. The key event appears to be the addition of a constituent of fresh horse serum that is not found in fetal calf serum. Analogous primitive neoplastic progenitor cell types from CML or PV patients are insensitive to the negative arm of this proliferation control mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. A model to explain the progenitor cell cycle changes normally observed in the LTC system is proposed. This model suggests that perturbations of nonhemopoietic mesenchymal cells determine the net positive or negative influence that these regulatory cells exert on adjacent primitive hemopoietic cells, possibly by a mechanism involving direct cell contact. Recently, we have identified a number of cytokines that can simulate the transient positive effect of fresh horse serum, as well as another cytokine, that is, tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), that can mimic the negative but reversible effect exerted by mesenchymal cells. These studies demonstrating the effects of positive and negative regulatory cytokines on the control of hemopoiesis in the adherent layer of LTC suggest new approaches for analyzing the basis of both normal and abnormal stem cell regulation by marrow stromal elements. PMID- 3228588 TI - A concept of hemopoietic regulation and its biomathematical realization. AB - Although the amount of experimental data on the behavior of the hemopoietic system after various perturbations is considerable, a conclusive understanding of hemopoietic regulation is still absent. In the last years, we have examined murine erythropoiesis, thrombopoiesis, granulopoiesis, and stem cell hemopoiesis by means of mathematical modeling in order to identify some of the underlying principles. Our results can be summarized in four hypotheses. 1) The regulation of hemopoiesis is governed by three interrelated control loops: autoregulation of stem cells, feedback from progenitors and precursors to the stem cells, and feedback from mature cells to progenitor and precursor cells. 2) The feedback from mature cells to the progenitor and precursor cells predominantly varies the number of cell divisions taking place during hemopoietic maturation. 3) Two distinct properties of the stem cells are regulated: their cyclic activity and their self-renewal. Both are under the control of stem cell autoregulation and the feedback from progenitors and precursors. 4) A large variance in the maturation time from the stem cells to the mature cells stabilizes the hemopoietic control. The mathematical formulation of these assumptions allows us to understand a broad range of experimental observations including recovery from stem cell damage, hypoproliferative and hyperproliferative situations, and interactions between different cell lines. PMID- 3228587 TI - Isolation of spleen-colony forming cells (CFU-s) using wheat germ agglutinin and rhodamine 123 labeling. AB - Mouse pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells could be enriched 100 to 200-fold by a procedure consisting of three steps: 1) equilibrium density centrifugation, 2) light-activated cell sorting on the basis of light scatter characteristics and fluorescence due to wheat germ agglutinin binding, 3) cell sorting after subsequent rhodamine 123 staining. The new isolation procedure does not make use of antibodies with mouse-strain restricted applicability, which were employed in earlier described methods. Therefore, it is more versatile. It is also faster due to diminished incubation time. Rhodamine 123 can also be used as a photosensitizer. The experimental conditions were, however, designed to prevent this action of the dye. Between 80% and 100% of the selected spleen-colony forming cells survived the labeling and sorting treatments. The procedure enriches for two types of stem cells. The rhodamine-dull fraction contains stem cells that form spleen colonies in lethally irradiated mice at 12-16 days and no spleen colonies at 8 days after transplantation. The rhodamine-bright fraction contains stem cells that give day-8 and day-12 spleen colonies. These latter cells, however, have a low radioprotective capacity and it can be argued that these are not self-renewing pluripotent stem cells. The heterogeneity of day-12 CFU-s (colony-forming unit spleen) that can be detected after labeling with rhodamine 123 has been observed earlier after treatment of bone marrow donor mice with 5-fluorouracil, and has led to the postulation of pre-CFU-s and a "generation-age" hypothesis for stem cells. Our presently sorted rhodamine dull cells resemble such pre-CFU-s. PMID- 3228590 TI - Age-of-onset heterogeneity in hereditary breast cancer: minimal clues for diagnosis. AB - Knowledge of the family history of cancer may significantly influence diagnosis and surgical management. Hereditary breast cancer (HBC) is common and accounts for approximately 9% of the total breast cancer burden. The pattern of HBC's natural history, including age of onset, increased incidence of bilaterality, integral tumor combinations in certain kindreds, and vertical transmission consonant with an autosomal dominantly inherited factor, when observed in context with the family history, enables pattern recognition so that the diagnosis might be facilitated. We describe seven families from our Hereditary Cancer Consultation Center (HCCC) and the Creighton Oncology Clinic which are noteworthy for extraordinarily early age of onset. This appears to be an additional example of heterogeneity in HBC and may represent the first account of this remarkable subset. The manner in which age of onset can be incorporated with other aspects of natural history for expediting diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 3228589 TI - Steroid hormone receptors and prognosis in breast cancer. AB - The importance of steroid receptors for the prognosis of mammary carcinoma has been evaluated by investigating the course of disease in 163 patients for a median follow up time of 66 months after mastectomy. Multivariate analysis including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), the presence of 8S and 4S ER together or 4S ER only, and the lymph node status revealed only the latter to have significant (p less than 0.001) predictive potency. Lymph node positive (N-pos) patients had a 3.3 (1.7-6.2) fold risk of death and 2.8 (1.7 4.7) fold risk of recurrence relative to node negative (N-neg) patients. When we compared overall survival (OAS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in the various receptor-positive groups with the groups that displayed neither ER nor PgR, significant differences in prognosis were only seen in N-neg patients. PgR did not turn out to be a better prognostic factor than ER, nor was the 8S ER a sign of increased OAS and DFS compared to total ER. However, the number of patients in this group was too small to allow a definite statement. PMID- 3228591 TI - Bone mineral density in women with breast cancer treated with adjuvant tamoxifen for at least two years. AB - While in limited animal studies tamoxifen is reported to protect against loss of bone mineral, data in humans are lacking. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) using single photon absorptiometry at the radius and dual photon absorptiometry at the lumbar spine in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy at our institution. In this group, 37 women were not treated with tamoxifen (NT) and 48 women were treated with tamoxifen (T) for at least two years. Younger age, greater weight and height, premenopausal status, and shorter time since menopause were found to be significant predictors of greater BMD. Tamoxifen-treated women had been postmenopausal for more years (p = 0.012). Regression analyses used to adjust for differences in risk of bone loss did not reveal significant differences in BMD between the two groups of women. For the postmenopausal women (27 NT and 34 T subjects), the adjusted mean BMD (g/cm2) at the spine was 1.11 (NT), 1.11 (T) (p = 0.93); and at the radius 0.63 (NT), 0.62 (T) (p = 0.30). This limited retrospective study suggests that tamoxifen does not have 'anti estrogenic' effects on BMD. PMID- 3228592 TI - Complete remission after ovariectomy for advanced breast cancer correlated with estrogen receptor status and urinary androgen excretion. AB - Our previous work showed urinary androgen excretion (A) as well as estrogen receptor (ER) to predict clinical response and survival after ovariectomy for advanced breast cancer. We here compare the complete responders with the partial responders to ovariectomy. The likelihood of CR (55% of responders) rather than PR was not strongly dependent on the location of metastases or on the ER/A status (though as noted previously there were no responses at all in the ER-/A- group), but CR did appear to increase survival. PMID- 3228593 TI - Adjuvant tamoxifen in primary breast cancer: influence on plasma lipids and antithrombin III levels. AB - The possible estrogenic effects of tamoxifen on plasma lipids and antithrombin III levels were investigated in 91 breast cancer patients. Mean values of total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, uric acid, and antithrombin III were evaluated in 55 patients on adjuvant tamoxifen for at least 3 months and compared with those found in 36 patients on no therapy. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and antithrombin III levels were significantly lower in treated patients (p less than 0.05). Our results support the hypothesis of a partial agonist action of this antiestrogen, although general clinical practice suggests that tamoxifen-related thrombotic events are rare. PMID- 3228595 TI - Inability of tamoxifen to penetrate into cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 3228594 TI - Primary synchronous bilateral breast cancer: epidemiological approach. AB - Twenty-eight (1.69%) cases of primary synchronous bilateral breast cancer (PSBC) out of 1,654 new cases were studied. PSBC compared with unilateral cases had a significantly higher (p less than 0.001) first degree family history of breast cancer; high frequency of subareolar location; no predominance of lobular and non invasive types; no significantly different percentage of pathological stage I presentation. As there is no complete agreement on what constitutes a PSBC, studies should be carried out to formulate a more precise definition of this entity. PMID- 3228597 TI - Tuberculosis Symposium. Dubrovnik, 6-7 October 1988. PMID- 3228596 TI - Comment on 'new lumps in the breast following conservation treatment for early breast cancer'. PMID- 3228598 TI - Non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases of the lung in a pulmonology department. PMID- 3228600 TI - Infections due to Mycobacterium chelonae. PMID- 3228599 TI - Sensitivity to tuberculin and sensitins in Swedish children. PMID- 3228602 TI - Antituberculous measures for displaced persons in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 3228601 TI - Treatment of mycobacterial infections. PMID- 3228603 TI - Tuberculosis among refugees: study of a population screening at the Tuberculosis Clinic in Lausanne (Switzerland) between 1983 and 1988. PMID- 3228604 TI - Antituberculosis measures for displaced persons. PMID- 3228605 TI - A few comments on migrants in The Netherlands. PMID- 3228606 TI - Swedish experiences 12 years after the cessation of general BCG vaccination of newborns in 1975. PMID- 3228607 TI - First experience with the project of discontinuation of BCG primovaccination in newborns in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 3228608 TI - BCG vaccination and AIDS. PMID- 3228609 TI - The effects of systematic BCG vaccination of newborns on the incidence of postprimary tuberculosis meningitis in childhood. PMID- 3228610 TI - Reduction in the risk of tuberculous meningitis in children in France. Impact of BCG vaccination. PMID- 3228611 TI - Focus on AIDS. PMID- 3228612 TI - Triple therapy with isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. PMID- 3228613 TI - Incorporation of 140-lanthanum into bones, teeth and hydroxyapatite. AB - The incorporation of lanthanum in the form of 140-lanthanum onto the surface of teeth, bone and synthetic hydroxyapatite was investigated. A small amount of lanthanum was taken up by the surface of all of the materials studied regardless of their origin. The depth of penetration into bone and teeth was dependent upon lanthanum concentration and time of incubation and, in these experiments, ranged from an estimated 5 to 15 microns. An exchange of lanthanum for calcium in the apatite matrix may be responsible for increased resistance of the hard tissues to acid dissolution. The effects of pH, temperature, time and concentration of the lanthanum solutions on this incorporation were investigated. Possible clinical uses of this effect are discussed. PMID- 3228614 TI - Effect of number of suckling pups and dietary calcium on bone mineral content and mechanical properties of femurs of lactating rats. AB - The bone loss that occurs during lactation in rats was aggravated by increasing the number of suckling pups and was further accentuated by feeding the rats a calcium (Ca)-deficient diet. The bone loss was evenly distributed along the whole length of the femur in severe cases. In less severe cases, the metaphyses were affected more than the midshaft. Mechanical properties of femurs, i.e., bone 'strength', 'stiffness', 'toughness' and 'ductility', were all affected in lactating rats suckling seven to eleven pups and fed the 0.1% Ca diet. The positive correlation between bone 'strength' and ash weight is consistent with the concept that when there is loss of bone, bone becomes more susceptible to fracture. The fall in serum ionized Ca and the rise in serum iPTH were closely related to the intensity of lactation and were profoundly affected by litter size and Ca concentration of the diet. We conclude that the change in Ca homeostasis in lactating rats is due to the large loss of Ca required for milk production and that the loss of Ca is associated with hyperfunction of the parathyroid gland. Furthermore, a Ca-deficient diet severely reduced bone mineral content and affected the mechanical properties of femurs of lactating rats adversely, especially those suckling large litters of pups. PMID- 3228615 TI - Long-term precision of dual photon absorptiometry in the lumbar spine in clinical settings. AB - We have investigated the long-term in vivo precision of a dual photon spine scanner using three different Gd sources and compared it with that of the single photon scanner. Standard values were significantly different with the three Gd sources. With the second there was also a systematic increase of 2% per 60,000 cps in the 44 KeV channel as the source decayed, whereas no such shift was found with the other two sources. This resulted in a significant in vivo intrasource (P less than 0.05) and intersource (P less than 0.01) variation and a six-month reproducibility ranging from 3.7 to 8.1%. After correction for these systematic errors the clinically important 2-year reproducibility in 26 premenopausal women was 3.4 +/- 1.3% for spinal BMC and 3.7 +/- 1.7% for spinal BMD. In comparison, the forearm single photon scanner had a long-term precision of 1.0 +/- 0.3%. With the presented techniques spinal measurements may therefore require 11.6 times (3.4(2):1.0(2] as many participants as the forearm measurements to detect the same changes in bone mass. PMID- 3228616 TI - Immunocytochemical analysis of the human osteoclast: phenotypic relationship to other marrow-derived cells. AB - The immunocytochemistry of the osteoclast, which is known to be derived from a circulating mononuclear precursor cell of bone marrow origin, is controversial. In this study, we have determined the antigenic phenotype of human osteoclasts in fetal and adult (Paget's disease, giant cell tumour of bone) specimens using a large number of monoclonal antibodies which react with granulocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. We have identified antibodies which reacted with human osteoclasts including CD13, CD15 and several groups of anti-macrophage antibodies. All the antibodies which reacted with osteoclasts are also known to react with monocytes or macrophages. Other marrow elements such as granulocytes, megakaryocytes and platelets were also commonly stained. Expression of myeloid and platelet antigens on osteoclasts shows that they are phenotypically related to these cells and is in keeping with the origin of osteoclast precursors from the pluripotential haemopoietic stem cell. Only a proportion of osteoclasts in fetal bone preparations were stained by CD15 antibodies, suggesting that subsets or different populations of osteoclasts, which can be identified by monoclonal antibodies, may be present in bone. PMID- 3228617 TI - Total body and regional bone mineral analysis by dual-photon absorptiometry in Paget's disease of bone. AB - Total body density (TBD), total body bone mineral (TBBM) and bone mineral content of major anatomical skeletal areas were measured in 66 patients with Paget's disease of bone (54 polyostotic; 12 monostotic; 38 males; 28 females; 38-88 years), by dual-photon absorptiometry (153 Gd). TBD was elevated in 23 males and three females with Paget's disease; a statistically significant correlation was found between elevated values of TBD and a widespread extent of the disease. The mean value of TBBM was higher in pagetic males, while in pagetic females it was similar to normal subjects. The separate analysis of anatomical areas allowed us to appreciate increased values of bone mineral content in head, trunk, spine, pelvis, arms. Moreover in 28 patients with easily detectable pagetic lesions of long bones, 38 specific regions of interest (ROI) were evaluated: pagetic areas showed significantly higher values of bone density and bone mineral content in comparison with contralateral uninvolved areas. PMID- 3228619 TI - Cellular and molecular biology of trypanosomes and Plasmodium. Dakar, March 28 30, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3228618 TI - Histomorphometric analysis of normal bone from the iliac crest of Norwegian subjects. AB - Transiliac bone biopsies were obtained from 72 healthy Norwegians (46 women) aged 21-81 years. Twenty-two men and 40 women were double-labelled with tetracycline. Histomorphometric analysis was done on undecalcified sections by means of point counting and simple measurements in order to establish normal mean values and ranges in a Norwegian population. The data obtained correspond well with those disclosed by other European studies. Osteoid surface was correlated with eroded surface in men but not in women. All bone measurements were independent of age in men. In women, all measured formation indices except apposition rate increased, while mean cortical thickness and cancellous bone volume decreased with age. Surface based bone formation rate also increased with age in women. Mean values for osteoid and labelled surfaces as well as bone formation rate were higher in men. The deviation from other reports may be due to a different age distribution with more older people in the present study. PMID- 3228620 TI - Molecular heterogeneity of the isolated surface glycoprotein from variant AnTat 1.1 of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. AB - Variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) of Trypanosoma brucei brucei AnTat 1.1 was released by means of the procedure described by Baltz et al. ([1976], Ann. Immunol. [Inst. Pasteur] 127C, 761-774). The concanavalin-A chromatography yielded 3 VSG fractions according to the addition, in the elution buffer, of alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside, beta-mercaptoethanol, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. These VSG fractions showed heterogeneous behaviour on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The 3 VSG fractions as well as the myristylated VSG of AnTat 1.1 essentially consist of dimer VSG forms linked through a disulfide bridge, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, under reducing and nonreducing conditions. PMID- 3228621 TI - Morphological changes in erythrocytes induced by malarial parasites. AB - Host cell alterations induced by Plasmodium falciparum, P. brasilianum, P. vivax and P. malariae were described by electron microscopy and post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. P. falciparum infection induces knobs, electron-dense material and clefts in the erythrocyte. Clefts are involved in exporting P. falciparum antigen from the parasite to the erythrocyte membrane. P. falciparum antigen is present in knobs which adhere to endothelial cells causing the blockage of cerebral capillaries and ensuing pathological changes in cerebral tissues. P. brasilianum infection induces knobs, short and long clefts and electron-dense material. These structures appear to contain different P. brasilianum antigens. This indicates that each structure functions independently in trafficking P. brasilianum protein to the erythrocyte surface. P. vivax infection induces caveola-vesicle complexes and clefts in the erythrocyte. These structures are also involved in trafficking P. vivax protein from the parasite to the erythrocyte membrane. P. malariae induces caveolae, electron-dense material, vesicles, clefts and knobs in the erythrocyte. Although vesicles and caveolae are seen in the erythrocyte cytoplasm, they do not form caveola-vesicle complexes as seen in P. vivax-infected erythrocytes. They also appear to be involved in trafficking of malaria antigens. These studies, therefore, indicate that host cell changes occur in order to facilitate the transport of malarial antigens to the host cell membrane. The significance of these phenomena is still not clear. PMID- 3228622 TI - Plant actin filament and microtubule interactions during anaphase--telophase transition: effects of antagonist drugs. AB - F-actin and microtubule co-distribution and interaction were studied during anaphase-telophase. Rapid and drastic changes in the cytoskeleton during these particular stages were studied in isolated plant endosperm cells of the blood lily. These wall-free cells can be considered as natural dividing protoplasts. As identified previously, an F-actin cytoskeletal network characterized the plant cortex and formed an elastic cage around the spindle, remaining throughout interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis. Actin was specifically labeled by fluorescent phalloidin and/or monoclonal antibodies. Gold-labelled secondary antibodies were used for ultrastructural observations and silver-enhancement was applied for video-enhanced microscopy. Microtubule and microfilament dynamics and interaction were studied using drug antagonists to actin (cytochalasins B, D) and to tubulin (colchicine). This permitted precise correlations to be made between chromosome movement inhibition and alteration in the actin/tubulin cytoskeleton. During anaphase chromosome migration, the cortical actin network was stretched along the microtubular spindle, while it remained homogeneous when anaphase was inhibited by colchicine. Cytochalasins did not inhibit chromosome movement but altered actin distribution. A new population of actin filaments appeared at the equator in late anaphase before the microtubular phragmoplast was formed and contributed to cell plate formation. Our conclusion is that F-actin-microtubule interaction may contribute to the regulatory mechanism of plant cytokinesis. PMID- 3228623 TI - Origin of nucleolus-like bodies found in the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of Vicia faba meristematic cells. AB - Cytohistochemical staining and RNase-gold labelling have been applied to root-tip meristematic cells of Vicia faba to study the origin and biological significance of 2 types of inclusions: one seen in the nucleoplasm and the other in the cytoplasm of early telophase cells. They have been termed "dense bodies" and "cytoplasmic nucleolus-like bodies" (NLB), respectively. Both types of inclusions respond positively to silver staining and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) staining in a similar fashion to nucleolus. Interestingly, the dense bodies label heavily with the RNase-gold complex, as does the nucleolus, while the cytoplasmic NLB have no affinity with the label. In most cases, the dense bodies label more heavily than the nucleolus. Light microscope surveys reveal that the dense bodies sometimes appear to be released from the surface of the nucleolus. On the other hand, prenucleolar material showing the same silver staining and RNP preferential staining characteristics as the dense bodies begin to accumulate on the surface of chromosomes in mid-anaphase. This material does not label with RNase-gold. These data are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that the dense bodies are derived from the nucleolus by direct budding or fragmentation, and the cytoplasmic NLB are composed of prenucleolar material that failed to attach to chromosomes. PMID- 3228624 TI - DNA-fluorescence of mammalian intra-nucleolar chromatin detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). AB - The complex spatial DNA distribution in the mammalian interphase nucleus was investigated in Feulgen stained thick sections through mouse trophoblast giant nuclei after Lowicryl embedding. DNA-fluorescence was visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our results show that the spatial arrangement of major interphase chromatin areas can be precisely documented, including the distribution of small intra-nucleolar chromatin zones. PMID- 3228626 TI - New trypsin-releasable spasmogenic substances in the plasma of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - We measured the levels of trypsin-releasable spasmogenic substances (TRSS) in the plasma of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during the development of hypertension. TRSS levels (means +/- SEM, N = 4) were significantly higher at 12 weeks (7.13 +/- 1.05 micrograms bradykinin equivalents (BKE)/ml plasma) and 24 weeks (6.87 +/- 0.60 micrograms BKE/ml) compared to 8 weeks (3.3 +/- 0.55 micrograms BKE/ml) and to normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKN) rats, whose levels were 3.74 +/- 0.74 micrograms BKE/ml at 24 weeks and did not change significantly during the period studied. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of SHR was 150-170, 160-180 and 170-220 mmHg at 8, 12 and 24 weeks, respectively, whereas the WKN MAP was 110-120 mmHg at 24 weeks. The increase in total TRSS was due to substances which elicit the slow contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum and which could be distinguished from BK, T-kinin and other BK homologues by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, gradient elution chromatography on CM-cellulose and by the slow rate of contraction of the guinea pig ileum. All of these properties are the same as those we have previously demonstrated for TRSS of Goldblatt 1-kidney 1-clip renal hypertensive rats and which are due, at least in part, to a 14 amino acid peptide whose composition does not correspond to any known spasmogenic substance. PMID- 3228625 TI - Characterization of a new kinin potentiating peptide obtained from human plasma proteins. AB - Partially purified kinin potentiating peptide (KPP) obtained from kininogen depleted human plasma inhibited lung angiotensin converting enzyme in vitro and potentiated guinea-pig ileum contractions induced by bradykinin (BK), Lys-BK, Met Lys-BK, Ile-Ser-BK, and Lys-Lys-BK. Contractions evoked by angiotensin II, histamine, acetylcholine, and barium chloride were not potentiated. KPP also potentiated kinin-induced contractions of rat uterus and of guinea-pig ileum pre incubated with 1,10-phenanthroline. It is suggested that KPP potentiation is due, at least in part, to a direct effect on kinin receptor(s). PMID- 3228628 TI - A technique for collecting saliva from the cattle-tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) using chemical stimulation. Environmental and temporal influences on secretion yield. AB - 1. Injection of a pilocarpine solution into the hemocoele of female B. microplus through the respiratory spiracle induced the flow of limpid saliva, collected from the mouth parts with a capillary tube. 2. The time interval between the detachment of the tick from its host and chemical stimulation influenced the volume of saliva secreted; secretion was greater during the first 2 h after detachment. 3. There is a positive correlation between salivary yield and both environmental temperature and relative humidity. PMID- 3228627 TI - Platelet regeneration time: a statistical approach. AB - The determination of platelet regeneration half-time (PRT t1/2) by measuring malondialdehyde after intake of acetylsalicylic acid is a simple nonisotopic method for the estimation of platelet survival. There is no available information concerning the populational distribution of PRT t1/2. Consequently, there is controversy about the utilization of parametric or nonparametric statistical tests in studies of PRT. In the present study, we demonstrate the closeness of the fit of log PRT t1/2 to the normal (Gaussian) distribution. PMID- 3228629 TI - UV-induced growth inhibition in the trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata. AB - The effects of short ultraviolet (253 nm) radiation on the growth of the trypanosomatid flagellate Crithidia fasciculata were studied in liquid medium and nutrient agar plates. Cell duplication was completely inhibited after exposure of the flagellates to doses equal to or higher than 50 J/m2. The UV-induced lag period was dose-dependent. Survival was reduced to 1% after exposure of the parasites to 200 J/m2. Ultrastructural changes after the lag period were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Changes of the kinetoplast network structure and sometimes of the mitochondrial matrix were observed. The existence of DNA repair mechanisms in this protozoan is discussed. PMID- 3228630 TI - The development of callosal and corticocortical innervation in the neocortex of the hamster. AB - The development of cortical afferentation by callosal and ipsilateral corticocortical fibers was studied in hamsters by transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Elongation of callosal axons (and possibly also of corticocortical fibers) started a couple of days before birth and extended through the first postnatal days. After a "waiting" period of a few days, axons were seen innervating restricted target sectors of the cortex. The zones of origin of these projections were initially exuberant, but they were subsequently trimmed down to overlap with the corresponding terminal fields. PMID- 3228631 TI - The neurogenesis of the callosal population of cortical cells in hamsters. AB - The neurogenesis of the callosal subpopulation of cortical cells was determined in hamsters by associating incorporation of [3H]-thymidine injected on different embryonic days with horseradish peroxidase retrograde labelling in adulthood. Despite the great radial dispersion of migratory destinations of neurons born simultaneously, it was found that callosal birthdates in cortical area 6 extend from day E13 to day E15, a period that corresponds to the neurogenesis of layers III-V, where most callosal neurons come to be located in adults. PMID- 3228632 TI - An enzyme-linked lectin assay for the study of lectin receptors of Leishmania. AB - An enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) based on the ELISA assay, using intact formalin-fixed promastigotes to coat poly-L-lysine-treated microtiter plates is described. The assay was used to study the lectin receptors of Leishmania donovani chagasi, L. donovani donovani and L. mexicana amazonensis. ConA, RCA, WGA, and PNA receptors were found in the three parasites. SBA receptors were found to be as frequent as the other receptors in L. donovani chagasi but not in the other two parasites which showed little SBA binding. Trypsin treatment of the two L. donovani subspecies did not remove any of the lectin receptors studied. PMID- 3228633 TI - Suppression of IgE antibody production by Ascaris suum extract: characterization of suppressive component(s). AB - Partial characterization of the suppressive component(s) of A. suum extract that is (are) responsible for damping production of IgE antibody to ovalbumin was performed by physical and chemical methods. Digestion of the whole extract with trypsin and chymotrypsin completely abolished the suppressive activity. Oxidation with sodium metaperiodate or heating at 56 degrees C, however, had no effect. These results indicate that the integrity of heat-stable protein(s) present in the crude extract is essential for its suppressive effect. In addition, the carbohydrate moiety does not seem to play an important role in this effect. PMID- 3228634 TI - Effect of Astronium urundeuva (aroeira) on gastrointestinal transit in mice. AB - In order to assess the use of Astronium urundeuva in folk medicine for treatment of diarrheal conditions, the alcoholic extract of its bark was tested on gastrointestinal transit in mice. The extract at oral doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly inhibited physostigmine-induced gastrointestinal propulsion. Considering these data together with an in-vitro anti-acetylcholine effect reported earlier from this laboratory, we suggest that anti-cholinergic effects of the plant may account in part for its anti-diarrheal activity. PMID- 3228635 TI - A novel property of an aqueous guarana extract (Paullinia cupana): inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. AB - Aqueous extracts of guarana were studied in terms of effects on the aggregation of human and rabbit platelets. Guarana extracts have anti-aggregatory and de aggregatory actions on platelet aggregation induced by ADP or arachidonate but not by collagen. The active material was shown to be water soluble and heat resistant and appeared to be different from salicylates, nicotinic acid or known xanthines. Guarana extracts inhibited platelet aggregation in rabbits following either intravenous or oral administration. PMID- 3228636 TI - Release of creatine kinase from skeletal muscles by Bothrops venoms: heparin potentiation of inhibition by antivenin. AB - The glycosaminoglycan, heparin (50 micrograms/ml) inhibited the increase in creatine kinase (CK) released from rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles exposed to Bothrops jararaca venom (150 micrograms/ml). Heparin (2 micrograms/ml) and polyvalent antivenin (0.5 microliter/ml) did not affect the increase in CK release induced by exposure of the muscles to 50 micrograms/ml B. jararacussu venom. Simultaneous exposure of the muscles to venom plus heparin (2 micrograms/ml) plus antivenin (0.5 or 1 microliter/ml) reduced CK release after 160 min by 50% and 80% compared to that induced by venom alone. These changes in CK release from rat EDL muscle show that heparin inhibits the myotoxic effects of Bothrops venoms and increases the potency of their antivenin. PMID- 3228638 TI - The blue infarct: a simple method for the quantification of myocardial damage in the rat. AB - Evans blue dye was injected iv into rats 24 h before left coronary occlusion (CO) and the dye content extracted with formamide was estimated after various time intervals in the 1) right ventricle, 2) left ventricle above the ligature and 3) the rest of the left ventricle. There was no difference between portion 1 and 2 but portion 3 showed a progressive increase in dye content (2 to 3 fold) up to 24 h after CO. This result indicates that either the infarcted area possesses collateral circulation or a continuous blood backflow occurred. Dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) but not indomethacin (2 mg/kg) or BW755C (10 mg/kg) abolished extravasation of the dye. PMID- 3228637 TI - Age-related changes in neuronal uptake of catecholamines. AB - Age-related changes in the neuronal uptake of labelled noradrenaline were analyzed in transversally sectioned portions of 4-, 12- and 20-month old rat vas deferens. Uptake was a saturable process apparently following the Michaelis Menten equation. By determining the values of Km and Vmax, it was possible to conclude that neuronal uptake does not change with age in the epididymal portion of the vas deferens and is reduced in the prostatic portion of 20-month old rats. PMID- 3228639 TI - Defense reaction elicited by microinjection of kainic acid in the medial hypothalamus of the rat. AB - In order to localize groups of neurons commanding the defense reaction, a subtoxic dose (66 pmol) of kainic acid was microinjected into the medial hypothalamus of the rat. After drug treatment, the animals were placed inside a shuttle-box for 15 min and the number of midline crossings, rearings and forward leaps were recorded. Autonomic changes such as occurrence of micturition and defecation were also measured. Injection of kainic acid significantly increased locomotion, rearing and micturition, indicating that the medial hypothalamus of the rat contains perikarya/dendrites of neurons integrating the defense reaction. PMID- 3228640 TI - Effect of atropine injection into the medial septal area on food-associated drinking. AB - The effect of atropine injection into the medial septal area (MSA) or medial preoptic area (MPOA) on carbachol-induced drinking was evaluated in conscious unrestrained rats during a food-associated drinking test reinforced by 14 h of food deprivation. Atropine did not alter food intake when injected into either area, nor did it affect drinking after its injection into the MPOA. However, atropine markedly reduced water intake after its injection into the MSA. These results suggest that the central cholinergic system in the MSA can participate in the regulation of food-associated drinking. PMID- 3228641 TI - Peripheral modulation of pain in conscious guinea pigs: effect of morphine, nalorphine and clonidine. AB - 1. Morphine and nalorphine were shown to have a peripheral analgesic effect on conscious guinea pigs, producing a decrease in the vocalization response to noxious electrical stimulation. Naloxone antagonized the effect of morphine and nalorphine. 2. Locally administered clonidine had a peripheral analgesic effect on conscious guinea pigs, producing a decrease in the vocalization response to noxious electrical stimulation. 3. The peripheral analgesia of clonidine was antagonized by yohimbine and naloxone. The analgesic effect of clonidine was 250 300 times more potent than that of lidocaine. 4. It is suggested that alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonists may activate enkephalin-like substances released at the peripheral level. PMID- 3228642 TI - Changes in myocardial and coronary sinus blood oxygen tension induced by asphyxia and reoxygenation. AB - 1. This study analyzes variations of oxygen tension induced by asphyxia in the myocardium (MpO2) and coronary sinus blood (CSpO2) of the anesthetized open-chest dog. Oxygen tension was measured polarographically and arterial blood pressure and coronary blood flow were recorded simultaneously. 2. Asphyxia increased arterial pressure and coronary blood flow but decreased both MpO2 and CSpO2. 3. During the reoxygenation phase, arterial pressure and coronary flow decreased gradually. Reoxygenation induced a rapid but transient increase in CSpO2 above control levels. In contrast, MpO2 returned gradually to the basal state. 4. The mechanism(s) involved in the differential effects of asphyxia followed by reoxygenation on MpO2 and CSpO2 remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3228643 TI - Remarkable similarities between the temporal organization of neocortical electrographic sleep patterns of rats and humans. AB - Electrocorticographic activity was automatically recorded in albino rats for 72 consecutive h and analyzed by procedures suitable to detect 24-h rhythms. Beta (alert wakefulness), theta (somnolence), delta (slow wave sleep) and sigma 1 (superficial synchronized sleep) activities showed a robust circadian rhythmic distribution. The acrophases (maxima of the adjusted cosine curve) occurred at 23:39, 07:59, 08:37 and 13:25 h, respectively. EMG atonia and extreme hypotonia (less than 10% of mean EMG level) episodes showed a 24-h rhythm peaking at 14:18 h. The temporal sequence within the circadian rest period, i.e., somnolence, slow wave sleep, superficial synchronized sleep and paradoxical sleep, is very similar to that known to occur during the nocturnal sleep of humans. PMID- 3228644 TI - The effect of diphenylhydantoin on spreading depression. AB - The present study examines the effect of diphenylhydantoin on the elicitation by K+ and propagation of spreading depression in chick retina preparations in vitro. A dose-related decrease in the velocity of propagation was observed, this effect being lessened by increasing the pH of the Ringer bathing the preparation. Changes in Ringer Cl- concentration also altered the efficacy of the drug, higher concentrations enhancing and lower concentrations reducing efficacy. The threshold concentration of K+ necessary to elicit the reaction was elevated by diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 3228646 TI - Apomorphine does not mimic the effects of REM-sleep deprivation on cortical spreading depression. AB - The propagation of cortical spreading depression (SD) and the incidence of "spontaneous" SD were enhanced in rats after rapid-eye-movement sleep deprivation (REMD) as compared to control animals. Pseudo-deprived rats were similar to controls, suggesting that the facilitatory effect on SD is due to REMD rather than to the stress accompanying deprivation. In control rats, apomorphine (0.5 to 8 mg/kg) failed to reproduce the effects of REMD and also failed to enhance the REMD effects in deprived rats, suggesting that the dopaminergic system does not play an important role in propagation of cortical SD. PMID- 3228645 TI - Extracellular Ca2+ and retinal spreading depression. AB - The present study focuses on the influence of changes in extracellular Ca2+ on retinal spreading depression in vitro. It shows that changes in Ca2+ concentration alter the speed of the reaction. This effect is more pronounced for variations occurring within limits close to the physiological concentration level. The experiments also indicate that if the tissue is initially exposed to a lowered extracellular Ca2+ concentration, then the effects of transient variation in Ca2+ are significantly enhanced. Finally, a synergistic action of Ca2+ and K+ is observed with respect to the spreading of the reaction. PMID- 3228647 TI - Effects of intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin II and related peptides on water and sodium ingestion and excretion. AB - The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of an angiotensin II (AII) analogue, Des-Asp1-AII and of two competitive blockers, [Leu8]-AII and [octanoyl-Leu8]-AII, infused intracerebroventricularly on the ingestion of water and of a 3% NaCl solution, as well as on diuresis and natriuresis in normal rats and in adrenalectomized and deoxycorticosterone (DOCA) treated rats. Both AII and Des-Asp1-AII increased water and 3% NaCl intake and increased urine and Na+ excretion, the effect of AII being more intense. Except for 3% NaCl, the responses of all other parameters were totally or partially reduced by previous treatment with [Leu8]-AII or [octanoyl-Leu8]-AII. Subcutaneous DOCA injection caused water ingestion. Previous treatment with DOCA increased the response to AII for the ingestion of 3% NaCl and inhibited sodium excretion. The results obtained for adrenalectomized rats treated with DOCA, AII and analogous agonists did not differ from those observed in normal rats. These data suggest a possible synergism between the cerebral and renal renin angiotensin systems in the regulation of the physiological parameters studied. PMID- 3228648 TI - Enhanced inotropic response to isoproterenol in acute sinoaortic denervated rat heart. AB - The effects of acute sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation were studied in left ventricle papillary muscles obtained from rats after 3 days of sinoaortic denervation (SAD) and compared to sham-operated controls (SO). SAD and SO muscles developed similar force (F) and rate of force development (dF/dt). To test changes in beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity, isoproterenol (IPA) was used in four doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 micrograms/ml). F increased as expected, the increments tended to be larger in the SAD muscles although they were not statistically significant. dF/dt behaved in a similar way, but the increments produced by IPA were significantly larger for SAD muscles. The inotropic effects produced by pauses of increasing duration (5, 15 and 30 s) were also studied but in this case both the changes of F and dF/dt were similar. These results clearly show that there is a selective increase in beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity resulting from acute sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation. PMID- 3228649 TI - Contractile reactivity of the perfused mesenteric vascular bed from sinoaortic denervated rats to norepinephrine, methoxamine and verapamil. AB - The contractile reactivity to norepinephrine, methoxamine, and verapamil of the perfused mesenteric vascular bed from sinoaortic denervated (SAD) and sham operated (SO) rats was studied 3 to 30 days after surgery. A gradual but incomplete reduction of arterial hypertension was observed in SAD rats throughout the study. The norepinephrine- and methoxamine-induced dose-response curves were similar in both SAD and SO groups on day 3, but shifted to the left on days 7 and 15 and demonstrated a tendency to shift to the right at 30 days. Verapamil induced vasodilation was similar in both groups. Enhanced mesenteric vascular responsiveness to endogenous catecholamines could contribute to the increased vascular resistance. PMID- 3228650 TI - Portal flow and mitochondrial function during extrahepatic cholestasis. AB - This study was designed to determine portal blood flow and mitochondrial and hepatic function during extrahepatic obstruction. Twenty-two male Wistar rats which had undergone bile duct ligation were compared 7 days later to 20 sham operated controls. Portal flow and mitochondrial respiratory control ratio were reduced by 50% and 35%, respectively (P less than 0.01), and serum alanine aminotransferase levels increased significantly (P less than 0.01) in the extrahepatic cholestatic group. These results suggest that cholestasis may cause an imbalance between the energy supply and the high demand of the liver leading to a state of partial ischemia. PMID- 3228651 TI - Role of opiates in the regulation of water and salt metabolism: effects of the FK 33-824 injection into the subfornical organ of both normal and hypophysectomized rats. AB - The present study was performed to evaluate the participation of the subfornical organ (SFO) in the opioid modulation of urinary volume (Uv), and of sodium and potassium excretion. Intact and hypophysectomized (HYPOX) adult male rats were implanted with a cannula into the SFO, and injected with the opiate agonist FK 33 824 (FK). FK induced a significant decrease in Uv and in Na+ and K+ excretion in both intact and HYPOX rats. The data show that opioids play an important role in the regulation of hydromineral metabolism by the SFO. PMID- 3228652 TI - Lack of similarity between the effect of lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and subparaventricular hypothalamic zone on behavioral circadian rhythms. AB - Rats were submitted to electrolytic lesion of either the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) or the subparaventricular hypothalamic zone (SPVH) and the effects on circadian behavioral rhythms were compared. While the SCN lesion abolished the circadian rhythmicity of all behavioral patterns, the SPVH lesion only abolished that of the eating and drinking behavior and reduced the amplitude of a behavioral item usually associated with REM sleep. PMID- 3228653 TI - Differences in individual rat preference for light levels. AB - Behavioral observations assessing the position of individual animals in relation to a light gradient have shown that rats have strong preference for environmental locations with reduced luminosity. Albino rats have a significantly greater darkness preference than a strain of hooded rats although no intersexual differences were detected. Individual animals show marked and stable differences in their darkness preference. These tendencies are already present in weanling rats and are maintained throughout development. PMID- 3228654 TI - Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. PMID- 3228655 TI - Mental handicap and community care. PMID- 3228656 TI - Blinking and blepharospasm. PMID- 3228657 TI - Ascites in cirrhosis: pathophysiology and management. AB - Over 60% of patients with hepatic cirrhosis develop ascites at some stage. Ascites is usually symptomatic and its continued presence predisposes to bacterial peritonitis. Complications of injudicious treatment can be life threatening. PMID- 3228659 TI - Diagnosis of fetal cardiac abnormality. AB - Congenital heart disease can now be accurately diagnosed in specialist units from about 18 weeks gestation. By teaching ultrasonographers to examine the four chamber view of the heart, malformation can be suspected on a routine scan. This will allow a much greater number of pregnancies to be screened effectively for congenital heart disease. PMID- 3228658 TI - Relevance of histamine to the anaesthetist. AB - Histamine is a widely distributed amine with many functions, both physiological and pathological. The anaesthetist may encounter histamine in several of these roles, many of which require further elucidation. Histamine research is involved in the investigation of release mechanisms and their modification, both having implications for the clinical situation. PMID- 3228660 TI - Presentation and management of myocardial infarction in the elderly. AB - A greater appreciation of the changing presentation of myocardial infarction with increasing old age should lead to earlier recognition and a more rational approach to management. Recent developments in treatment of the acute phase should not be denied to elderly patients solely on the basis of their age. PMID- 3228661 TI - Breast cancer screening: a UK showdown. PMID- 3228662 TI - Which spinal anaesthetic? PMID- 3228663 TI - Surgery for impotence. AB - Many men presenting with impotence can be cured by surgical intervention. Psychosexual counselling is always beneficial but surgery may be indicated when there is irreversible organic erectile impotence or when there is an anatomical abnormality of the penis preventing coitus. The diagnosis and management of such disorders are summarized. PMID- 3228664 TI - The radiology of bone and joint infection. AB - Many of the classic radiological features of skeletal infection are now seldom seen due to modern imaging techniques enabling early diagnosis and prompt treatment. It is important to remind ourselves of the potential complications which may develop when the correct diagnosis is delayed or missed. PMID- 3228665 TI - Treatable causes of a painful heel. PMID- 3228666 TI - Meeting the need for part-time work. PMID- 3228667 TI - Dibromosulphophthalein: its pharmacokinetics and binding to hepatic cytosol proteins in rats with acute renal failure. AB - 1. The pharmacokinetics, biliary excretion and binding of dibromosulphophthalein (DBSP) to plasma proteins and hepatic cytosol proteins have been studied in male rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF). 2. The rate constants for hepatic uptake, efflux from liver to plasma and excretion into bile were all significantly decreased in rats with ARF. Furthermore, the plasma clearance of DBSP was also reduced. 3. The initial (0-10 min) and maximum biliary excretion rates of DBSP were both diminished in animals with ARF. The maximum excretion rate occurred between 5-10 min in control rats and 10-15 min in rats with ARF. However, there was no statistically significant change in the percentage dose recovered from bile after 30 min. 4. The plasma-protein binding of DBSP was decreased in rats with ARF and this change was due to a significant reduction in the association constant for the primary binding sites. 5. The binding of DBSP to ligandin (Y protein) was reduced by about 38% in rats with ARF but no change was noted in binding to Z protein. Reduced binding to ligandin was accompanied by decreased total liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and a 36% reduction in the GST activity of ligandin. 6. The results support the contention that altered hepatic handling of cholephilic dyes in rats with ARF may be due to reduced binding to ligandin. PMID- 3228668 TI - Effects of furosemide on renal haemodynamics and proximal tubular sodium reabsorption in conscious rats. AB - 1. The effects of furosemide given as constant i.v. infusion (7.5 mg kg-1 h-1) or bolus injections (0.5, 7.5 and 120 mg kg-1) on renal haemodynamics and proximal tubular Na reabsorption were studied in conscious water diuretic rats. The clearance of Li (CLi) was used as marker for Na delivery from the proximal tubules, and clearance of [14C]-tetraethylammonium (CTEA) and [3H]-inulin (CIn) as markers for renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), respectively. 2. Furosemide caused a transient increase of RPF and GFR followed by a secondary decrease below baseline levels; the latter could in part be counteracted by volume replacement. The filtration fraction (FF = GFR/RPF) was not significantly changed by furosemide. Fractional proximal Na excretion (CLi/CIn) was significantly increased by all doses of furosemide independent of changes in RPF, GFR and FF. 3. The peak diuretic/natriuretic effect of furosemide was markedly potentiated by volume replacement, probably due to prevention of antinatriuretic mechanisms triggered by volume depletion. 4. It is concluded that following i.v. furosemide administration there is a biphasic change in renal haemodynamics in conscious, restrained rats, and that the inhibition of proximal Na reabsorption, as manifested by changes in fractional Li excretion, is not likely to be due to changes in total renal haemodynamics. PMID- 3228669 TI - Adenosine receptor-mediated contraction and relaxation of guinea-pig isolated tracheal smooth muscle: effects of adenosine antagonists. AB - 1. The effects of several adenosine analogues and antagonists on guinea-pig isolated trachea have been examined. 2. 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), 5' N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine (MECA) and adenosine (in the presence and absence of dipyridamole) elicited concentration-dependent tracheal relaxation. 3. The R(-)- and S(+)-enantiomers of N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (R-PIA and S-PIA respectively), N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) and 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) caused contractions at low concentrations (0.05-2.0 microM), whereas at higher concentrations, relaxation resulted. 4. For tracheal relaxation, the adenosine analogues exhibited the following rank order of potency: NECA greater than CADO greater than R-PIA = MECA greater than S-PIA greater than adenosine. The rank order of potency for inducing contractions was R-PIA greater than CHA greater than CADO greater than S-PIA. These data suggest that relaxation is mediated by adenosine A2-receptors, whereas contraction is the result of activation of A1 receptors. 5. 8-Phenyltheophylline (8-PT), aminophylline, the triazoloquinazoline CGS 15943A and NPC205 (1,3-di-n-propyl-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)xanthine) each inhibited the R-PIA-induced contractile response, whereas enprofylline was without effect. NPC205, aminophylline and 8-PT were competitive antagonists, but CGS15943A was non-competitive. 6. That the most potent antagonist was the A1 selective agent, NPC205 (pA2 = 7.80), further suggests that the contraction is mediated by A1-receptors. Moreover, NPC205 was 13 times more potent as an antagonist of R-PIA-induced contractions (A1) than of NECA-induced relaxations (A2). 7. The antagonists were also found to relax the trachea by an unknown mechanism. That enprofylline did not antagonize the R-PIA-induced contractions, but was 3-4 times more potent a tracheal relaxant than aminophylline, further suggests that a direct effect on airway smooth muscle, rather than antagonism of endogenous adenosine, is more relevant to the bronchodilator effect of alkylxanthines in the treatment of asthma. PMID- 3228670 TI - Diffusion characteristics dissociate ouabain binding from inotropic effect in guinea-pig myocardium. AB - 1. [3H]-ouabain uptake in resting guinea-pig papillary muscles depended directly on incubation time and inversely with muscle radius. The equivalence of both parameters support the relevance of diffusion. A particular mechanism of receptor controlled diffusion was implicated by the saturation of initial rates of uptake with increasing ouabain concentrations. Saturation of initial uptake indicates an inhomogeneity of receptor occupancy with ouabain-equilibrated receptors in the superficial areas of the preparation and free receptors in the muscle core. 2. For comparison [3H]-ouabain diffusion was evaluated in a non-cellular preparation i.e. glass fibre filters soaked with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution. Diffusion was approximately 3 orders of magnitude faster when compared with the papillary muscles. 3. The time course of the inotropic effect of ouabain on rested-state contractions dissociated from the tissue content of ouabain with an increased steroid concentration. This dissociation appears to be associated with the inhomogeneity of receptor occupancy, since equal amounts of the steroid correspond to different concentration profiles in the tissue when the bath concentration is changed. Functional coupling between different muscle areas may have modulated the influence of inhomogeneous receptor occupancy. PMID- 3228671 TI - Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine agonists and antagonists on the responses of rat spinal motoneurones to raphe obscurus stimulation. AB - 1. The excitability of lumbar spinal motoneurones was studied in halothane anaesthetized rats by recording with microelectrodes the amplitude of the population spike evoked antidromically by stimulation of the cut ventral roots. 2. Electrical stimulation of the nucleus raphe obscurus for 1 min at 20 Hz increased the population spike amplitude and, as shown by intracellular recording, depolarized motoneurones. This response could be mimicked by microinjection of DL-homocysteic acid into raphe obscurus but the response was not present in animals pretreated with the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). 3. Microiontophoretically applied 5-HT had very similar effects on the extracellularly recorded population spike to those caused by stimulation of the raphe obscurus. These responses to 5-HT were larger in 5,7-DHT-pretreated animals. 4. The effects of 5-HT were potently mimicked by iontophoretically applied 5-carboxamidotryptamine but 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) was without effect. 5. Antagonists were applied by microiontophoresis and also by intravenous injection. Ketanserin, the selective 5-HT2 antagonist, did not antagonize the effects of 5-HT. Neither did the 5-HT3-receptor antagonist MDL 72222 or the selective 5-HT1 binding ligand cyanopindolol. 6. The non-selective 5-HT1/5-HT2-receptor antagonist methysergide was an effective antagonist of both the effects of 5-HT and the response to raphe obscurus stimulation. Methysergide did not reduce the excitatory effects of noradrenaline. 7. It is concluded that 5-HT application and stimulation of raphe obscurus increase the excitability of motoneurones by an action on a 5-HT1-like receptor which appears to be different from the 5-HT1A-and the 5-HT1B-binding sites characterized by others. PMID- 3228672 TI - Mechanism of action of nicotine in isolated iris sphincter preparations of rabbit. AB - 1. Nicotine produced a transient contraction of rabbit isolated iris sphincter muscle, a parasympathetic ganglion-free tissue. The response to nicotine was antagonized by hexamethonium, but was insensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX). While single treatments with atropine, capsaicin or [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11] substance P (rpwwL-SP) partially blocked the response, combined treatment abolished it. 2. Chronic treatment of animals with nicotine added to the drinking water (about 12 mg kg-1 per day) had no effect on the responsiveness to nicotine or the pharmacological properties of nicotine-induced contraction. 3. These results suggest that acetylcholine and tachykinin(s) released via sodium channel independent mechanisms from nerve terminals of parasympathetic and primary sensory nerves, respectively, are involved in the nicotine-induced contractile response. PMID- 3228673 TI - Mechanism of action of nicotine in isolated urinary bladder of guinea-pig. AB - 1. Nicotine produced a transient contraction of isolated strips of guinea-pig urinary bladder. The response to nicotine was antagonized by the nicotinic receptor antagonist, hexamethonium but was insensitive to tetrodotoxin. 2. The nicotine-induced contraction was potentiated by the cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine, and was reduced to 50% and 70% by the muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist, atropine and the sympathetic neurone blocking drug, guanethidine, respectively. Chemical denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine abolished the inhibitory effect of guanethidine. Simultaneous treatment with atropine and guanethidine did not abolish the response to nicotine, but the degree of inhibition was comparable to that obtained with atropine alone. 3. The nicotine induced contraction was insensitive to bunazosin and yohimbine (alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, respectively), and exogenously applied noradrenaline did not cause a contraction even in the presence of blockade of noradrenaline uptake mechanisms with desipramine and normetanephrine and of beta adrenoceptors with propranolol, suggesting a non-adrenergic nature of the sympathomimetic effect of nicotine in this tissue. 4. The nicotine-induced contraction in the presence of atropine was abolished after desensitization of P2 purinoceptors with alpha, beta-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a slowly degradable ATP analogue selective for P2-purinoceptors. By this desensitization, the response to ATP, but not to histamine, was also abolished. 5. A cyclo oxygenase inhibitor flurbiprofen partially inhibited the nicotine-induced contraction. The degree of the inhibition was more pronounced in the presence of atropine than in its absence. Flurbiprofen antagonized the response to exogenously applied ATP in an unsurmountable manner, but not that to carbachol. 6. The present results suggest that nicotine might induce a contraction through an interaction with nicotinic receptors located on the terminals of, possibly, (i) parasympathetic cholinergic, (ii) sympathetic non-adrenergic and (iii) non sympathetic purinergic nerves in guinea-pig detrusor preparations, and that a portion of the contraction due to the purine nucleotide released is possibly potentiated by intramural prostaglandin(s). Parasympathetic cholinergic output might be modulated by an unknown excitatory substance released by nicotine from sympathetic nerve. 7. Nicotine reveals a latent excitatory effect of the sympathetic hypogastric nerve which innervates guinea-pig detrusor. PMID- 3228674 TI - Similarity of relaxations evoked by BRL 34915, pinacidil and field-stimulation in rat oesophageal tunica muscularis mucosae. AB - 1. In the rat oesophageal tunica muscularis mucosae (TMM) the potassium channel openers, BRL 34915 and pinacidil, raised the threshold for concentration dependent K+ contractions, suppressed contractions evoked by field stimulation of the TMM in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and tetraethylammonium (TEA), and relaxed tonic contractions resulting from muscarinic cholinoceptor stimulation. 2. BRL 34915 and both (+)- and (--)-pinacidil increased 86Rb efflux from tracer loaded tissues; nifedipine abolished this effect. 3. Relaxations produced by potassium channel openers were inhibited by a temperature drop from 37 degrees C to 26.5 degrees C, an increase in extracellular K+ concentration to 64 mM, and treatment with the calcium channel antagonist, nifedipine. The same treatments also blocked field stimulation-evoked TTX-insensitive relaxations. 4. It is concluded that field stimulation of rat oesophageal smooth muscle in the presence of cholinoceptor-induced tone results in an increase in K+ permeability that is directly or indirectly coupled to Ca2+ influx through potential-operated channels. PMID- 3228675 TI - Differences in agonist dissociation constant estimates for 5-HT at 5-HT2 receptors: a problem of acute desensitization? AB - 1. The agonist dissociation constant for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was estimated in the guinea-pig isolated trachea by the method of receptor inactivation. The value obtained (pKA = 6.45) was significantly lower than estimates previously obtained in the rabbit aorta and rat jugular vein, although all three tissues are supposed to contain the same 5-HT2 class of receptor. 2. The antagonist dissociation constant for alpha,alpha-dimethyltryptamine was also estimated in the guinea-pig trachea. The pKB value (5.43) was not significantly different from previous estimates in the rabbit aorta and rat jugular vein, consistent with receptor homogeneity between the three tissues. 3. The effect-time profiles corresponding to individual 5-HT applications were more transient in the guinea pig trachea than in the rabbit aorta. This difference could be accounted for using a simple model of acute receptor desensitization (Leff, 1986), assuming that the conversion of active agonist-receptor complexes into inactive ones was faster in the guinea-pig trachea than in the rabbit aorta. 4. Computer simulation of the desensitization model showed that the discrepancy of pKA estimates for 5 HT between the rabbit aorta and guinea-pig trachea could also be explained using the same rate constant difference that accounted for the difference in effect time profiles. This analysis indicated that the estimate made in the trachea was erroneously low, whereas that made in the aorta was concluded to be correct. 5. The apparent association between transience of response and pKA estimates is discussed with particular attention to the reliability of agonist affinity estimates in receptor classification. PMID- 3228676 TI - Effects of ryanodine on tension development in rat aorta and mesenteric resistance vessels. AB - 1. The effect of ryanodine on contractile responses dependent either on intracellular Ca2+ release or on extracellular Ca2+ influx were studied in aorta and mesenteric resistance vessels of the rat. 2. In aorta, in the presence of extracellular Ca2+, pretreatment with ryanodine (10(-5)M) did not modify contractile responses to noradrenaline (NA) (10(-6)M) whereas in the absence of Ca2+, pretreatment with ryanodine reduced to about 25% the contractile response to NA (10(-6)M) and totally abolished the transient contraction elicited by caffeine (5 x 10(-2)M). 3. In mesenteric resistance vessels, ryanodine (10(-5)M) had no effects on NA (10(-5)M)-induced tension in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ but totally abolished contractile responses to caffeine (10(-2)M) in the absence of Ca2+. 4. In K+ -depolarized mesenteric resistance vessels, pretreatment with ryanodine (10(-5)M) significantly enhanced contractile responses to Ca2+ concentrations higher than 10(-4)M and 10(-3)M for arteries depolarized with 30 mM and 40 mM K+ respectively. Concentrations of either diltiazem (6 x 10(-7)M) or nifedipine (10(-8)M) that abolished contractile responses to Ca2+ in depolarized arteries (K+, 40 mM) did not totally inhibit the enhancement of Ca2+ -induced contractions obtained in the presence of ryanodine. 5. Ryanodine did not modify the Ca2+ concentration-effect relationships in mesenteric resistance vessels exposed to NA or arginine vasopressin. 6. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that ryanodine induces a release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, resulting in a subsequent reduction of the amplitude of contractions dependent upon intracellular Ca2+ liberation. Furthermore, the ability of sarcoplasmic reticulum to buffer rises in cytoplasmic Ca2+ may be reduced in the presence of ryanodine, thereby accounting for the potentiation of contractile responses to Ca2+ in K+-depolarized mesenteric resistance vessels. PMID- 3228677 TI - Effects of magnesium, ouabain and bumetanide on 86rubidium uptake in a human atrial cell line. AB - 1. The effects of extracellular magnesium concentrations (0, 0.6, 1.2 mM) on 86Rb (used as an analogue of potassium) uptake were investigated in the Girardi human atrial cell line in the presence and absence of drugs. 2. Increasing extracellular magnesium resulted in significantly higher 86Rb uptake. Compared to uptake in 0.6 mM (the physiological extracellular magnesium concentration), uptake of 86Rb was significantly higher in the 1.2 mM magnesium medium and significantly lower in the magnesium-free medium. 3. Ouabain (10(-3)M) and bumetanide (10(-4)M) were added to inhibit, respectively, the Na-K-ATPase and the Na-K-Cl co-transport system in the media containing the three magnesium concentrations. The ouabain-sensitive, bumetanide-sensitive and residual transport were found to be 58%, 29% and 13% of the total uptake in the medium containing 0.6 mM magnesium. 4. The ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake was inhibited significantly by reducing the magnesium concentrations to zero whereas the bumetanide-sensitive and residual uptake were not significantly affected by different magnesium concentrations. 5. At three different ouabain concentrations (10(-7) M, 10(-5) M, 10(-3) M) studied there was significantly greater uptake of 86Rb in 1.2 mM magnesium compared to uptake in 0 mM magnesium. 6. The present findings indicate that extracellular magnesium is important for 86Rb (potassium) transport in cardiac cells, and suggest that the main effect is on the Na-K ATPase component of transport. PMID- 3228678 TI - Actions mediated by P2-purinoceptor subtypes in the isolated perfused mesenteric bed of the rat. AB - 1. The effects of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and its analogues on the perfusion pressure of the isolated mesenteric bed of the rat were examined in preparations at resting tone, and with tone raised by noradrenaline. 2. In the preparations at resting tone, the effect of the analogues was to produce vasoconstriction, their rank order of potency being alpha,beta-methylene ATP greater than 2-methylthio ATP greater than ATP. 3. In raised tone preparations, dose-dependent vasodilatations were produced by ATP and 2-methylthio ATP although, at the highest doses tested, responses decreased in magnitude. The rank order of potency of the analogues in eliciting this vasodilator response was 2 methylthio ATP greater than ATP, while alpha,beta-methylene ATP was without effect. 4. Following desensitization of contractile responses to alpha,beta methylene ATP, contractile responses to ATP and 2-methylthio ATP were abolished while their relaxant responses were potentiated. 5. Removal of the endothelium with sodium deoxycholate totally abolished the vasodilator responses and enhanced the contractile responses. 6. It is concluded that, in the rat mesentery, ATP and its analogues cause vasoconstriction via P2x-purinoceptors and vasodilatation via P2y-purinoceptors and that these are located on the smooth muscle and on the endothelium, respectively. PMID- 3228680 TI - Caffeine, maximal power output and fatigue. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of caffeine ingestion on maximal power output and fatigue during short term, high intensity exercise. Nine adult males performed 15 s maximal exercise bouts 60 min after ingestion of caffeine (7 mg.kg-1) or placebo. Exercise bouts were carried out on a modified cycle ergometer which allowed power output to be computed for each one half pedal stroke via microcomputer. Peak power output under caffeine conditions was not significantly different from that obtained following placebo ingestion. Similarly, time to peak power, total work, power fatigue index and power fatigue rate did not differ significantly between caffeine and placebo conditions. These results suggest that caffeine ingestion does not increase one's maximal ability to generate power. Further, caffeine does not alter the rate or magnitude of fatigue during high intensity, dynamic exercise. PMID- 3228679 TI - Pre- and postjunctional actions of purine and xanthine compounds in the guinea pig caecum circular muscle. AB - 1. The sucrose-gap technique was used to study pre- and postjunctional actions of P1-purinoceptor and P2-purinoceptor agonists and a range of xanthine derivatives in the guinea-pig caecum circular muscle. 2. Adenosine, 2-chloroadenosine (2 ClAd), ATP and alpha,beta-methylene ATP all caused concentration-dependent hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle membrane with a rank order of potency of 2 ClAd greater than alpha,beta-methylene ATP greater than adenosine. 3. The xanthine derivatives caffeine, theophylline, 8-phenyltheophylline and 1,3 dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl) xanthine (PACPX) at submicromolar concentrations evoked depolarization of the smooth muscle membrane. At higher concentrations, all these compounds and enprofylline caused concentration dependent hyperpolarization. 4. All the purine compounds tested caused a reduction in the amplitude of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory junction potential (i.j.p.). For the P1-purinoceptor agonists adenosine and 2 ClAd this was almost entirely a prejunctional effect. For the P2-purinoceptor agonists this was mostly a postjunctional effect because both ATP and alpha,beta methylene ATP caused significantly greater increases in the conductance of the smooth muscle membrane than did adenosine or 2-ClAd. 5. All the xanthine compounds tested (up to 100 microM), except enprofylline, were capable of increasing the amplitude of the i.j.p. At millimolar concentrations both caffeine and theophylline could reduce the i.j.p. amplitude. 6. It is concluded that there are inhibitory prejunctional P1-purinoceptors on the i.j.p.-producing neurones in the guinea-pig caecum circular muscle and that, of the xanthine derivatives tested, none of them would be suitable to use as a P1-purinoceptor antagonist in this preparation because of their own direct effects. PMID- 3228681 TI - A progressive shuttle run test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity of using a 20 m progressive shuttle run test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake. Running ability was described as the final level attained on the shuttle run test and as time on a 5 km run. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was determined directly for seventy four volunteers (36 men, 38 women) who also completed the shuttle run test. Maximal oxygen uptake values were 58.5 +/- 7.0 and 47.4 +/- 6.1 ml.kg-1.min-1 for the men and women respectively (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.01). The levels attained on the shuttle run test were 12.6 +/- 1.5 (men) and 9.6 +/- 1.8 (women; P less than 0.01). The correlation between VO2 max and shuttle level was 0.92. The correlation between VO2 max and the 5 km run was -0.94 and the correlation between both field tests was -0.96. The results of this study suggest that a progressive shuttle run test provides a valid estimate of VO2 max and indicates 5 km running potential in active men and women. PMID- 3228682 TI - Soft tissue injury in extreme rock climbers. AB - Rock climbing is an increasingly popular sport. Its standards of difficulty have undergone a revolution in the past ten years. Regular training is now almost mandatory for the aspiring climber, but little has been published about the patterns of soft tissue injury to which climbers are susceptible. This paper aims to identify some of the common injuries that may be encountered, some of which do not appear to be associated with other sports. PMID- 3228684 TI - Reliability of ratings of perceived effort regulation of exercise intensity. AB - This study assessed the reliability of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) for the prescription of exercise intensity during cycling. Ten healthy men (21 to 62 years) and six women (25 to 50 years) attended the laboratory four times, 5 to 7 days apart. On the first visit each subject's maximal oxygen uptake was measured and, subsequently, they cycled at constant work rates based on their perception of ratings 9, 13 and 17 of the Borg 6-20 scale by regulating the resistance of the ergometer without reference to the instrument display panel. Analysis of variance revealed no significant between-trial differences with regard to oxygen uptake (VO2) or heart rate for men or women. The relative exercise intensities corresponding to the 3 ratings of exertion did not differ between men and women. Between-trial correlations for VO2 were highest for visits two and three at RPE levels 9 and 13 (r = 0.83 and r = 0.94) and consistently high (r = 0.92 or greater) for the three trials at RPE17. These data suggest that RPE is a useful frame of reference for the regulation of high levels of exercise intensity in healthy men and women. Small amounts of practice with the scale improve its applicability at lower exercise levels. PMID- 3228683 TI - Exercise levels and resting pulse rate in the community. AB - A community survey examined attitudes to exercise in relation to health, measured levels of exercise participation, and related exercise participation to resting pulse rate. A questionnaire was sent to 400 Southampton residents selected by a systematic random sample from the electoral roll, and provided 259 useful responses, yielding an effective response rate of 68%, with an average age of 46 years. Attitudes to health benefits of exercise were generally very positive; 92% thought that exercise was important for staying in good health. Attitudes were less positive in subjects over 50 years old, and in social classes IV and V. Although 35% had done some vigorous exercise during the last four weeks only 7% of social classes IV and V had done so. A total of 22 (8.5%) had exercised for at least 20 minutes, 3 or more times per week, and 17 (77%) of these were males with an average age of 29 years. Ninety per cent of the sample were able to take their own resting heart rate. Resting heart rate was 7 beat.min-1 lower in subjects who exercised for at least 20 minutes 3 or more times per week than the average. PMID- 3228685 TI - Injuries treated at a sports injury clinic compared with a neighbouring accident and emergency department. AB - Previous reports relating to sports injuries treated at hospital Accident and Emergency departments (A&E) or Sports Injury Clinics (SIC) indicate differences between the groups. This study compared directly the sports injuries treated during overlapping time periods at an A&E department (n = 2490) and a SIC (n = 340) set within the same geographical area. The two populations were found to differ significantly in age, sport, injury and injury site. Hospital patients tended to be younger, with an acute injury to the upper body or head which occurred during participation in sports where contact is likely. SIC patients tended to be older, with chronic or overuse injuries to the back or lower limb. It was found that there are significant differences between the sports injuries treated at the sports injury clinic and the hospital casualty department. It is concluded that demand is clearly shown for both types of treatment site when both are available in the same geographical area. PMID- 3228687 TI - Injuries to rowers. PMID- 3228686 TI - Cardio-respiratory fitness of young and older active and sedentary men. AB - Physiological profiles are described for 30 healthy young (20-31 years) and 30 healthy older (50-62 years) men. Half of the individuals in each group reported that during the previous five years they participated frequently in strenuous physical exercises; the other half reported sedentary lifestyles. A treadmill exercise test was used to determine maximal aerobic power (VO2 max). Heart rate and blood pressure were measured during rest, maximal exercise and recovery. The active older men demonstrated significantly lower resting heart rates, lower resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures, higher VO2 max, lower maximal exercise diastolic blood pressure and lower recovery heart rates than the age matched sedentary men. Compared with the young sedentary men, the older active men had lower resting heart rates and higher VO2 max, walked longer on the treadmill, had lower recovery heart rates and weighed less. Older active men also had higher VO2 max levels than young sedentary men. In summary, physiological profiles of the older active men more closely resembled profiles of active men who were 30 years younger than those of older sedentary men. These results emphasize the range of benefits associated with exercise. PMID- 3228688 TI - Stress fracture of the patella. PMID- 3228689 TI - Feeding behavior by parasitic phase lampreys, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis. AB - Feeding behavior was initiated in juvenile and adult lampreys, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, by attachment to goldfish or by injection of saline extracts of goldfish skin and muscle into the sucker cavity. Feeding was confirmed by the apparent swallowing of fish extract plus food dye by lampreys. Distinctive characteristics of feeding behavior included low frequency cycles, long duration (hours), variable biphasic pressure changes in the sucker cavity, and protraction of the tongue-like apicalis. In contrast, pumping behavior was used to move excess fluid from the sucker through the pharynx and out the gill pores; it was characterized by transient, high-frequency, monophasic suctions, simple retraction of the apicalis, and lack of swallowing. PMID- 3228690 TI - Persistence of the nervus terminalis in adult bats: a morphological and phylogenetical approach. AB - The presence of the terminalis system in adult bats is demonstrated by light microscopical investigation of several species of Microchiroptera. In late embryonic and fetal stages of the mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) the compact central terminalis ganglion gradually differentiates into a three-dimensional network of cord-like ganglia and fiber bundles. Rostrally the terminalis system is in immediate contact with the medial-most fila olfactoria; caudally terminalis rootlets attach near the border between the olfactory bulb and the septum of the brain. With respect to the findings presented here it seems likely that all mammals develop a terminalis system in early ontogenesis and retain it until the adult stage. However, considerable differences concerning the number of persisting neurons may be found among some mammalian orders. PMID- 3228691 TI - The brain of the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). AB - The brain of a basking shark is described for the first time. Allometrical analysis of brain-body weight relationships indicates that Cetorhinus maximus shows by far the lowest degree of cerebralization of any shark investigated to date, possibly reflecting its plankton-feeding mode of life. Furthermore, some external morphological features of the brain appear to be species-specific. The proportions of brain parts indicate a primitive vertebrate brain organization. The size of the telencephalon, 34% of the total brain, equals that in some other sharks, whereas the cerebellum, 30% of the total brain in the basking shark, is significantly larger than in any other shark investigated. Furthermore, C. maximus shows some peculiarities concerning the nuclear expansion in the telencephalon. A rather large caudal interhemispheric region is especially striking. The relation of brain volume to brain cavity volume is approximately 1:16. PMID- 3228692 TI - Transplanted eyes of foreign donors can reinstate the optically activated skin camouflage reactions in bilaterally enucleated salamanders (Ambystoma). AB - Bilateral enucleation immediately and irreversibly cancels the skin camouflage reactions of Ambystoma larvae. A heteroplastic eye transplant can reinstate the latter reaction. Recipients of a heteroplastic eye recovered the reaction as frequently and to the same extent as animals with one of their own eyes reattached. PMID- 3228694 TI - Changes in the rate of haemolysis during the early stage after burns in the rabbit. AB - The kinetics of erythrocyte haemolysis in blood samples taken from normal and burned rabbits were investigated by nephelometry. The rate of haemolysis decreased significantly from 30 min to 2 h after severe burns, when many abnormal red cell forms were found in blood films; there was also an increase in osmotic fragility. The results confirm that the rate of haemolysis is strongly related to structural changes of the red cell membrane but do not parallel osmotic fragility. Differences in haemolysis rate and osmotic fragility between erythrocytes taken from burned animals and those heated in vitro suggest that erythrocyte changes following burning injury involve complex kinetic processes in which factors other than the direct effect of heat play important roles. PMID- 3228693 TI - Inhalation injury in burned patients: effects and treatment. AB - Pulmonary pathology in major thermal injury is found in 30-80 per cent of burn fatalities. The incidence and mortality from inhalation injury increases both with age and increasing burn size. Toxic smoke inhalation injury, characterized by increased lung microvascular permeability, is attenuated by increasing cardiac output to normal levels, indicating that fluid restriction after inhalation injury may lead to excessive lung fluid formation and hypoxia. Fluid administration of approximately 2 ml/kg/% area burned above the calculated resuscitation volume is required following an inhalation injury to provide adequate support for the systemic circulation and maintain cardiac output at normal levels. This additional volume does not contribute to the development of pulmonary oedema, but may decrease its formation by increasing shear forces thus reducing polymorphonuclear leucocyte deposition in the pulmonary microcirculation. Nasotracheal intubation is preferred when airway integrity is compromised by inhalation injury. The advantages are non-operative placement, ease of discontinuation, minimal bacterial contamination and leaving neck burns undisturbed. The administration of the appropriate antibiotics for documented infection is recommended, while steroids have been shown to be of no benefit. PMID- 3228695 TI - Quantitation of rate of wound closure and the prediction of death following major burns. AB - Data were obtained from 100 consecutive patients requiring hospitalization for 2 weeks or more for treatment of major burns. Age, total percentage burn, mechanism of injury, presence or absence of inhalation injury, and outcome were recorded. Serial weekly burn wound maps were used to calculate the wound closure index (WCI), previously defined as the slope of a straight line fitted to percentage burn as a function of time by linear regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to construct an equation incorporating age, percentage burn and WCI. Addition of the WCI significantly improved the discriminant ability of the logistic regression model. The composite index correctly predicted survival in 97 percent of patients. Rapid wound closure, as measured by the WCI, correlated with survival. PMID- 3228696 TI - Carnitine supplementation vs. medium-chain triglycerides in postburn nutritional support. AB - The effect of dietary supplementation of carnitine on protein metabolism was studied in a burned guinea-pig model. Animals bearing a 30 per cent total body surface area burn were enterally infused with three isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets via gastrostomy feeding tubes for 14 days. Two diets contained safflower oil (long-chain triglycerides, LCT) and another diet contained medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) as their lipid sources (30 per cent of total calories as lipid). L-Carnitine was added to one of the two diets containing safflower oil. There were no significant differences in nitrogen balance, urinary excretion, serum albumin or transferrin among the three groups. However, the use of MCT in place of LCT appeared to increase liver weight and liver nitrogen. In this model, carnitine supplementation did not enhance the nitrogensparing effect of fat following burn injury. PMID- 3228697 TI - The epidemiology of childhood burns in Jiamusi, China. AB - The causes and severities of burning injury were analysed in 1006 children admitted to our department over a 11-year period. A substantial number of patients were less than 5 years old. Proportionally more boys and less girls were injured. More of the accidents occurred in summer and winter and less during the spring and autumn; more occurred in the rural and mountain areas than in the cities. In the younger children 88 per cent of the injuries occurred at home while eating and drinking, only a few burns happening in kindergarten and school. This report suggests which methods of prevention should be stressed. PMID- 3228698 TI - With or without? A cooling study. AB - The cooling characteristics of a variety of hot-water receptacles have been tested to provide a guide to the temperatures involved in a scald. PMID- 3228699 TI - Hypnosis and pain in patients with severe burns: a pilot study. AB - This report presents a pilot study on the effectiveness of hypnosis in the control of pain during dressing changes of burn patients. Eight patients were treated, and all evaluated the interventions as beneficial. The treatment of four patients was more closely analysed by obtaining pain and anxiety ratings daily. Results show a 50-64 per cent decrease in reported pain level for three patients and a 52 per cent increase of pain for one patient. The mean decrease for these four patients was 30 per cent (for overall as well as worst pain during dressing changes). A 30 per cent reduction of anxiety level and a modest reduction of medication use were achieved concurrently. It is concluded that hypnosis is of potential value during dressing changes of burn patients. Comparison of global evaluations and daily pain ratings shows that systematic research in some cases leads to conclusions opposite from clinical observations or follow-up evaluations. Limitations of this study are discussed and recommendations for future studies are given. PMID- 3228701 TI - Workaholics--the effect on health and family life. PMID- 3228700 TI - The video invasion of rehabilitation. AB - Motivating burned children to participate actively in rehabilitation at the burn unit demands many creative ideas. To avoid resistance from the child towards the exercises, it is important to offer a variety of techniques. A new play technique is outlined here, based on the use of video games, that is capable of motivating and stimulating children of all ages--even the youngest--towards active participation in rehabilitation. PMID- 3228702 TI - What the doctor says--flu. PMID- 3228703 TI - Keep warm--keep well. PMID- 3228704 TI - Intracellular lactate dehydrogenase concentration as an index of cytotoxicity in rat hepatocyte primary culture. AB - In searching for a reliable index for cytotoxicity testing in rat hepatocyte primary culture, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations in lysates of attached hepatocytes and LDH released into the culture medium were compared under conditions of exposure to various dosages of sodium chloride, sodium salicylate, R-warfarin, acetaminophen, phenylbutazone, and furosemide (frusemide). The amount of intracellular LDH was assessed by inducing the cells to release the enzyme with 0.1% Triton X-100. The induced LDH leakage was completed in 1 hr and the LDH activity was stable in storage at 10 degrees for 2 weeks. We found that intracellular LDH is a direct indicator of the number of viable hepatocytes in contrast to the LDH released, because released LDH does not account for the significant number of cells detached from monolayer but which are not leaky, during the 6-hr test period. Based on IC50 values (50% inhibitory concentration), the relative cytotoxicities are R-warfarin greater than phenylbutazone greater than furosemide greater than acetaminophen greater than sodium salicylate greater than sodium chloride. PMID- 3228705 TI - Comparative effects of four surfactants on growth, contraction and adhesion of cultured human fibroblasts. AB - A range of surfactants, including the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate, the cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and the non-ionics octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol (Triton X100) and polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monoleate (Tween 80) was studied for effects on proliferation, contractibility and attachment of cultured human fibroblasts. Only ionic surfactants exhibited a stimulatory effect on fibroblast proliferation, whereas all the surfactants tested increased the contraction of collagen gels containing fibroblasts, with the greatest effect from the non-ionic surfactants. This activity was not correlated with an increase of cell population or cell attachment within the collagenous matrix. The activity of the surfactants was seen only at levels close to their LD50 values and in a narrow range of concentrations. Thus, we consider that they are the result of the so-called hormesis phenomenon. PMID- 3228707 TI - Heavy metals in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber Latreille. I. Histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of metal-containing lysosomes. AB - Different populations of metal-loaded and uncontaminated Porcellio scaber Latreille were studied. Combined light and electron microscopical methods as well as X-ray microanalysis were applied for localization and characterization of intracellular sites of metal deposition within the small cells of hepatopancreas. By means of cytochemistry and X-ray microanalysis it was shown that membrane limited vesicles are important sites of deposition for lead, copper, zinc and probably smaller amounts of cadmium. The vesicles also contained phosphorus. They are identical with the reported "cuprosomes" and belong to the lysosomal system. In addition, considerable amounts of lead, copper, and cadmium were found in small structures outside of membrane-limited organelles. PMID- 3228706 TI - Induction of erythroid differentiation by the anthracycline antitumor antibiotic pyrromycin. AB - The oligosaccharide-anthracyclines, aclacinomycin A, marcellomycin and musettamycin, are potent inducers of erythroid differentiation in hemopoietic cells lines of rodent and human origin. The present studies revealed that pyrromycin, a closely related monosaccharide-anthracycline, induced erythroid differentiation in Friend leukemia cells and in the human leukemia cell line K 562. Pyrromycin, marcellomycin and musettamycin, which possess an identical aglycone structure containing a Cl-hydroxyl group, exhibited relatively low optimal inductive concentrations. In contrast, the optimal inductive concentration of aclacinomycin A, which lacks the Cl-hydroxyl group, was markedly higher, i.e., the differentiation inducing capacity was lower. It should be noted, however, that the yield of differentiated cells following treatment with the monosaccharide-anthracycline pyrromycin was distinctly lower than that after treatment with the oligo-saccharide-anthracyclines, aclacinomycin A, marcellomycin or musettamycin. Thus, our data indicate that the efficacy of anthracyclines to induce erythroid differentiation is related to a) the presence of a Cl-hydroxyl group in the aglycone and b) the presence of an oligosaccharide side chain. PMID- 3228708 TI - Heavy metals in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber Latreille. II. Subcellular fractionation of metal-accumulating lysosomes from hepatopancreas. AB - Two populations of metal contaminated Porcellio scaber Latreille were studied: one consisting of animals that had been fed heavy metals in the laboratory for several months, and one from a metal-polluted site in the field (Braubach, FRG). Density gradient centrifugation was performed on hepatopancreas homogenates in order to identify cellular fractions and their association with lead, copper and cadmium. Marker enzymes were used for localization of cellular fractions in the density gradient. Two lysosomal fractions, called the "light" and "heavy" fraction, were separated. They contained mainly lead, but also copper and some cadmium. PMID- 3228709 TI - Monoclonal antibodies directed against rat liver epithelial cell lines selectively recognize bile duct epithelium in livers of adult rats. AB - Monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens on rat liver epithelial cell lines were prepared. Three antibodies, 4C3, 19C6, and 3C2, recognized surface antigens present (although in different quantities) on eight epithelial cell lines tested, irrespective of whether they were normal or transformed. For MAb 3C2, the primary antigen common to all but one cell line showed a Mr of 135 kD. In paraffin sections of liver tissue, two antibodies, 4C3 and 19C6, reacted exclusively with bile duct epithelium, whereas the MAb 3C2 additionally reacted with sinusoidal endothelium and the endothelium of the portal venules. In sections of livers from rats exposed to diethylnitrosamine, the MAb 19C6 selectively stained bile duct-like structures in cholangiomas, while other preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions were not stained. These results demonstrate that the monoclonal antibodies obtained may prove useful for investigating cell lineages related to propagable liver epithelial cell lines and suggest that these cells may be derived from terminal bile ductular cells. PMID- 3228710 TI - Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis and micronucleus formation in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts treated with cysteine S-conjugates of chlorinated hydrocarbons. AB - S-(chloroethyl)-cysteine (CEC) and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-cysteine (DCVC) have been proposed as intermediates in the metabolic transformation of the carcinogens 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethylene. We have tested the ability of CEC and DCVC to induce DNA repair and genotoxic effects at the chromosomal level by comparative assessment of unscheduled DNA synthesis induction and micronucleus formation in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts. CEC induced a potent and dose dependent response in both assays, whereas DCVC treatment resulted in a comparatively weak induction of DNA repair and failed to raise micronucleus formation above control rates. Inhibition of cysteine conjugate beta-lyase diminished the effect of DCVC, but had no influence on the genotoxicity of CEC either in the unscheduled DNA synthesis or micronucleus assay. PMID- 3228712 TI - Genetic toxicology--an introduction. PMID- 3228711 TI - Chromosomal changes in cell lines from mouse tumors induced by nickel sulfide and methylcholanthrene. AB - Rhabdomyosarcomas were induced in mice by intramuscular injections of crystalline nickel sulfide and 3-methylcholanthrene. At early passage, karyotypes were performed by G-banding for four nickel sulfide cell lines and for three 3 methylcholanthrene cell lines. Six cell lines were near-diploid and one nickel sulfide line was near-tetraploid. Three of the nickel sulfide cell lines were characterized by a rearranged marker chromosome which was present in a majority of the cells of each line. The rearrangements leading to the formation of marker chromosomes were different in each nickel sulfide cell line but involved chromosome 4 in two of the nickel sulfide cell lines. Extra copies of chromosome 15 were present in two nickel sulfide cell lines. Possible rearrangement and/or gene activation was examined for the c-mos oncogene on chromosome 4 and the c-myc oncogene on chromosome 15, but no alteration or activation was observed. None of the 3-methylcholanthrene cell lines contained rearranged marker chromosomes; however, one MCA cell line did contain large numbers of double minutes. In all cell lines, minichromosomes (small atypical acrocentric chromosomes) were observed that contained distinct centromeric regions but no other G-positive bands. PMID- 3228713 TI - Human hepatocyte and kidney cell metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene and comparison to the respective rat cells. AB - The metabolism and mutagenic activation of 2-acetylaminofluorene by human and rat hepatocytes and kidney cells were measured. High performance liquid chromatography was used to separate the 2-acetylaminofluorene metabolites, and a cell-mediated Salmonella typhimurium mutagenesis assay was used to detect mutagenic intermediates. Rat and human differences were observed with cells from both organs and levels of metabolism and mutagenesis were higher in human cells. Within a species, liver and kidney cell differences were also evident, with levels of hepatocyte-mediated metabolism and mutagenesis being greater than kidney cells. Human inter-individual variation was apparent with cells from both organs, but the variation observed was significantly greater in hepatocytes than kidney cells. A knowledge of such differences, including an understanding that they may vary with the chemical being studied, should be useful in the extrapolation of rodent carcinogenesis data to humans. PMID- 3228714 TI - 32P-adduct assay: short- and long-term persistence of 2-acetylaminofluorene-DNA adducts and other applications of the assay. AB - 32P-Postlabeling techniques have been developed to detect and measure adducts formed by covalent binding of carcinogens of known or unknown origin with DNA (and RNA). The assay is applicable to various classes of chemical carcinogens and permits detection of many adducts at attomole (10(-18) mol) level using microgram amounts of DNA. Here, we demonstrate the application of the assay for the analysis of short- and long-term persistence of 2-acetylaminofluorene-DNA adducts in rat liver in vivo and also outline examples illustrating the applicability of the procedure to different experimental problems. PMID- 3228715 TI - The cytogenetic evaluation of in vivo genotoxic and cytotoxic activity using rodent somatic cells. AB - With the growing realization that in vitro short-term tests for genotoxicity can never fully mimic in vivo conditions, the evaluation of genotoxic damage in somatic cells of rodents has played an increasingly important role in assessing the carcinogenic potential of suspect compounds. Among the various genotoxic endpoints assessed in in vivo somatic cell assays, cytogenetic endpoints (e.g., chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, sister chromatid exchanges) continue to be used most frequently. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of evaluating different cytogenetic endpoints in the same animal, using as examples studies to evaluate the in vivo genotoxic potential of benzene, of methylisocyanate, and of butadiene, chloroprene and isoprene. PMID- 3228717 TI - A monochromosomal hybrid cell assay for evaluating the genotoxicity of environmental chemicals. AB - The development and utilization of a monochromosomal hybrid cell assay for detecting aneuploidy and chromosomal aberrations are described. The monochromosomal hybrid cell lines were produced by a two-step process involving transfer of a marker bacterial gene to a human chromosome and then by integration of that human chromosome into a mouse complement of chromosomes through microcell fusion. For chemically induced aneuploidy, the segregation of a single human chromosome among mouse chromosomes is used as a cytogenetic marker. The genetic assay for aneuploidy is based on the ability of the cells to grow in a medium that selects for the loss of the human chromosome. The assay for clastogenicity is based on survival of the cells after treatment with the chemicals in medium that selects for retention of the human chromosome but loss of its segment containing diphtheria toxin locus. The assays greatly simplify the detection of chromosomal aberrations induced by environmental factors at low-dose levels. PMID- 3228716 TI - Synaptonemal complex damage as a measure of genotoxicity at meiosis. AB - Synaptonemal complex aberrations can provide a sensitive measure of chemical specific alterations to meiotic chromosomes. Mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, amsacrine, ellipticine, colchicine, vinblastine sulfate, and cis-platin exposures in mice have been shown to cause various patterns of synaptonemal complex structural damage and synaptic irregularity. These effects are suggestive of abnormal homologue pairing/synapsis/recombination effects which, theoretically, could be implicated in mechanisms leading to aneuploidy and other potentially heritable chromosomal disorders. PMID- 3228718 TI - Mouse germ cell mutation tests in genetic risk evaluation of chemical mutagens. AB - That certain environmental chemicals can induce transmissible mutations in germ cells of experimental mammal is clear. The assumption that under certain conditions these chemicals are also likely to be mutagenic to human germ cells is not detectable. However, it is a difficult challenge to determine the level of human exposure at which such chemicals can be produced and used economically without significantly harming human health. Data on transmitted genetic effects in mice are necessary, not only as a measure of endpoints that are considered directly in genetic risk assessment, but also as the standard for evaluating the usefulness of non-germ-cell effects as predictors in genetic risk assessment. To carry out a "real world" genetic risk assessment exercise, in vivo mouse data are being obtained for two model chemicals--ethylene oxide and acrylamide. Both chemicals are capable of inducing transmissible genetic effects in mice; their production and use involve measurable human exposures; and, because they are socially and economically important, they are not likely to be banned altogether despite their mutagenicity. For both chemicals, data are not sufficient for accurate low-dose and low-dose-rate extrapolations. PMID- 3228720 TI - [A study on the relationship between gastric cancer and the variants of intestinal metaplasia by determination of nuclear DNA content]. PMID- 3228721 TI - [Mechanism of myocardial reoxygenation injury and the protective effect of sheng mai san on the myocardium]. PMID- 3228719 TI - Monitoring human exposure to carcinogens by DNA adduct measurement. AB - Sensitive immunologic techniques are now available for the detection and quantitation of carcinogen-DNA adducts. We have developed a number of specific monoclonal antibodies which recognize DNA modified by particular carcinogens, including benzo[a]pyrene, aminopyrene, 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA light and vinyl chloride. These antibodies can be used in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to quantitate adducts in DNA isolated from biological samples. Samples from treated animals as well as from humans with occupational or environmental exposure to carcinogens have been studied. In addition, antibodies can be used in indirect immunohistochemical studies to localize adduct formation in various tissues or cell types. PMID- 3228722 TI - [Experimental study on myocardial protection with verapamil cardioplegia]. PMID- 3228723 TI - [Single channel conductive cochlear implantation in 30 cases]. PMID- 3228724 TI - [Determinants of left ventricular aneurysm formation after anterior myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3228725 TI - [Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in populations of Beijing]. PMID- 3228726 TI - [Toxic and transforming effects of mainstream cigarette smoke particles on human embryonic lung fibroblasts]. PMID- 3228727 TI - [Forty-one strains of Salmonella isolated during an epidemic of neonatal diarrhea]. PMID- 3228728 TI - [A study on the expression of MG7 corresponding antigen in gastric mucosa with dysplasia and its significance in detection of early gastric cancer]. PMID- 3228730 TI - [Dynamic changes in collagen type I and type III in experimental liver fibrosis]. PMID- 3228731 TI - [Radionuclide esophagography observation on the effect of nitrates in achalasia of the cardia]. PMID- 3228729 TI - [Role of campylobacter pylori in gastritis and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3228732 TI - [The fluoride metabolism of fluorinated anesthetics in cardiopulmonary bypass operation]. PMID- 3228733 TI - [HLA in pathogenesis of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3228735 TI - [Experimental study on papilledema in animals under raised intracranial pressure]. PMID- 3228734 TI - [Effects of lipid peroxidation on cultured bovine smooth muscle cells]. PMID- 3228738 TI - [Preoperative embolization in intracranial meningioma]. PMID- 3228737 TI - [Immunocytochemical study pituitary using anti-serum to N terminal polypeptide analog of human prolactin]. PMID- 3228736 TI - [Comparative study on the precancerous significance of colon transitional mucosa and dysplastic mucosa]. PMID- 3228739 TI - [Dynamic CT scanning of intracranial tumors]. PMID- 3228740 TI - [Diagnosis of rare pathologic changes in the sellar region by computed tomography]. PMID- 3228742 TI - [Effect of hemin on various leukemic cells and nonleukemic myelocytes]. PMID- 3228741 TI - [Effect of indomethacin on septic shock experimental and preliminary clinical trials]. PMID- 3228743 TI - [Use of circulating immune complex in the study of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia]. PMID- 3228744 TI - [A study on pulmonary venous flow by pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. PMID- 3228745 TI - [Distribution of HBV DNA in various organs and tissues of severe hepatitis patients and its significance]. PMID- 3228746 TI - [Antagonistic effect of oxytocin on the ototoxicity of kanamycin]. PMID- 3228747 TI - [Effects of acupuncture on microvascular vasomotion]. PMID- 3228748 TI - [Quantitative measurement of microcirculation of human nailfold, lips, and tongue apex by applying laser Doppler technique]. PMID- 3228749 TI - [Effect of scopolamine butylbromide on injury of microvessels in bone marrow]. PMID- 3228750 TI - [A study on the features of nailfold microcirculation in 103 healthy pilots of jet fighter]. PMID- 3228751 TI - [A simple approach to prenatal diagnosis of beta thalassemia]. PMID- 3228752 TI - [The inducing effect of retinoic acid and harringtonine on differentiation of human leukemic cells in primary culture]. PMID- 3228754 TI - [A study by the pulse wave method on the hemodynamics in nonpregnant and pregnant women and in patients with hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy]. PMID- 3228753 TI - [Effects of capitalized wilfordii, angelica and astragalus on glomerular permeability in rats with minimal change nephropathy]. PMID- 3228755 TI - [Experimental study and clinical use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor with water sac]. PMID- 3228757 TI - Colour Doppler flow imaging in regurgitant valvular heart disease. AB - This brief discussion of colour Doppler flow imaging in regurgitant valvular lesions has focused on the emerging information about the sensitivity and specificity of this technique. This technique has been of unquestionable value to the echocardiographer in delineating regurgitant lesion. However, the clinician should be aware of the large number of factors that affect the colour Doppler flow image of the regurgitant jet, such as jet size, Doppler instrumentation and Doppler physics such as attenuation, angle, dependency, gain dependency as well as such artefacts or ghosting and reverberation. Characteristics of colour Doppler flow image of the regurgitant jet provide data that must still be considered semiquantitative because, in addition to the amount of the regurgitant volume, other factors affect the image such as the size and compliance of the receiving changer, the size of valve defect and differential pressure and velocity of regurgitant jet. Interpretation of the literature on sensitivity and specificity of this technique requires an understanding of these factors and awareness of the relatively few studies that have examined this question. Colour Doppler flow imaging has the potential, and should continue, to improve the noninvasive assessment of regurgitant valvular lesions. PMID- 3228756 TI - [Immunoelectron microscopy in the functional classification of pituitary adenomas by using an immunogold probe]. PMID- 3228758 TI - Traumatic wound of the heart: value of intraoperative colour Doppler flow imaging. AB - A patient who sustained a traumatic ventricular septal defect from a stab wound is presented. Intraoperative echo-Doppler imaging provided an additional diagnosis of avulsion of anterior papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve prior to cardiotomy. It was concluded that intraoperative echo-Doppler imaging proves a useful guide for cardiac surgery following penetrating trauma. PMID- 3228760 TI - Ongoing role of pulmonary embolectomy. AB - Pulmonary embolism remains a frequent and often fatal disorder. For the majority of patients, anticoagulation with heparin followed by warfarin represents the primary mode of treatment. Thrombolytic therapy is recommended for the patient with massive pulmonary embolism that has produced hypotension. Embolectomy is reserved for the patient with post embolic systemic hypotension who has an absolute contraindication to thrombolysis or who deteriorates despite thrombolytic therapy. Following successful embolectomy the surgeon must treat the complications of the surgery and prevent recurrence. Complications include cerebral infarction, pulmonary infarction and endobronchial hemorrhage, right ventricular failure, local or systemic bleeding and venous stasis. A case of successful pulmonary embolectomy with a complicated postoperative course is presented and the pathophysiology and treatment of the complications are discussed. PMID- 3228759 TI - Colour flow imaging in severe mitral and aortic regurgitation. AB - Several criteria have been proposed for the grading of severe aortic and mitral regurgitation by colour flow imaging. To evaluate the sensitivity of these criteria, colour flow imaging was performed in 21 patients with isolated severe mitral regurgitation and 11 patients with isolated severe aortic regurgitation prior to clinically indicated valvular surgery. In the colour flow imaging assessment of mitral regurgitation the criterion of the maximum distance of mitral regurgitant jet from mitral orifice greater than 4.5 cm was 95% sensitive (range 4.4 to 8.4 cm). Maximum ratio of mitral regurgitant jet area to left atrial area greater than 40% was 86% sensitive (range 32 to 84%) and maximum mitral regurgitant jet area greater than 6 cm2 was 100% sensitive (range 8.1 to 35.7 cm2) in the detection of severe mitral regurgitation. For aortic regurgitation, the criterion of height of regurgitant jet to height of left ventricular outflow tract greater than 65% in the parasternal long axis view was 100% sensitive (range 71 to 100%), whereas the ratio of area of regurgitant jet to area of left ventricular outflow tract greater than 60% in the short axis view was only 36% sensitive (range 8 to 74%) in the detection of severe aortic regurgitation requiring surgery. It is concluded that the most sensitive colour flow imaging criteria for severe mitral regurgitation is an absolute mitral jet area greater than 8 cm2; and for severe aortic regurgitation, ratio of height of regurgitant jet to height of left ventricular outflow tract greater than 65%. PMID- 3228761 TI - Complete heart block in an Inuit family. AB - An Inuit family from Cape Dorset, Northwest Territories is described; six had documented complete heart block, one high grade atrioventricular block, one bi- or trifascicular block and all suffered syncope. One other member received a pacemaker for unknown reasons. Two of three middle-aged relatives had minor conduction abnormalities. All younger family members who were examined had no conduction problems. This suggests a heritable form of adult onset complete heart block, the largest series reported in the English literature. PMID- 3228762 TI - Myocardial salvage with allopurinol during 24 h of permanent coronary occlusion: importance of pretreatment. AB - Cardioprotection by allopurinol during ischemia is thought to be due to inhibition of xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen intermediates. Previous studies have reported that long pretreatment with allopurinol limits tissue necrosis during acute myocardial ischemia. This study investigated whether a prolonged pretreatment with allopurinol was necessary for cardioprotection. Tissue necrosis was measured in a closed chest canine model of permanent coronary occlusion when the drug was administered post coronary occlusion. In 20 dogs the coronary artery was occluded by an embolus injected into the left coronary artery. Three groups were studied: untreated controls (saline given intravenously post occlusion); allopurinol 1 min post occlusion (25 mg/kg given intravenously, 1 min post occlusion); and allopurinol 30 mins post occlusion (25 mg/kg given intravenously 30 mins post occlusion). Dogs in both drug treatment groups also received allopurinol (25 mg/kg intravenously) every 8 h post coronary occlusion. After 24 h of permanent coronary occlusion tissue necrosis was evaluated using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and was related to major baseline predictors of infarct size, including anatomic risk zone and coronary collateral flow. In control dogs, infarct to risk zone ratio was inversely related to subepicardial collateral flow; analysis of covariance indicated that allopurinol administered post coronary occlusion did not shift this relationship. Treatment with allopurinol within the first minutes after coronary occlusion was ineffective in limiting tissue necrosis in this model of permanent coronary occlusion, therefore, long pretreatment with allopurinol is necessary for cardioprotection. PMID- 3228763 TI - Bjork-Shiley cardiac valves long term results: Winnipeg experience. AB - Between April 1970 and December 1984, 1183 Bjork-Shiley cardiac valve prostheses were implanted in 915 patients (470 males, 445 females). Four types of valves were used; Delrin disc prostheses in 75 patients, pyrolytic carbon spherical disc valves in 645 patients, the 60 degrees convexo-concave disc model in 197 patients and the 70 degrees model in seven patients. Isolated mitral valve replacement was performed in 278 patients, isolated aortic valve replacement in 363 and double valve replacement in 153. Concomitant surgery was performed in 121 patients, including a modified Bentall procedure in 15. Perioperative mortality was 6.4% (nine patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement; 16 in mitral valve group, 18 with double valve replacement and 16 undergoing concomitant surgery). The cumulative follow-up was 4592 patient-years, to a maximum of 15 years. There were 130 late deaths, 60% due to cardiac events. Actuarial survival for the mitral valve group was as follows: four of six patients with Delrin disc valves were alive at 13.4 years; in the pyrolytic group, survival was 82% at 10 years; in the 60 degrees convexo-concave group survival was 87.5% at seven years. In the aortic valve replacement group, 83% of patients with pyrolytic valves were alive at 10 years and 85.7% of the 60 degree convexo-concave group were alive at seven years. For patients undergoing double valve replacement, 72% were still alive after seven years. Thromboembolic events averaged 1.4 per 100 patient-years. There were seven complete valve thromboses in the mitral position requiring reoperation; six of these patients were long term survivors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228764 TI - Six years clinical experience with the Omniscience cardiac valve. AB - Clinical data on the Omniscience valve prosthesis were obtained from 194 patients (92 mitral valve replacements, 65 aortic valve replacements, 11 tricuspid valve replacements and 26 multiple valve replacements). Follow-up was 98% complete for a total of 443 patient-years with a mean of 2.6 years and maximum of six years. The mean age of patients was 50.3 +/- 14.5 years, with a range of two months to 75 years. Seventy-five percent of patients were in NYHA functional class III-IV preoperatively; postoperatively, over 93% of patients were in class I-II. Hospital mortality was 12.4% and late mortality was 3.2% per patient-year. The linearized rates for complications were as follows (per patient-year): thromboembolism 2.9%; valve thrombosis 0.7%; anticoagulant bleeding 2.7%; endocarditis 0.9%; pannus formation 0.2%; periprosthetic leak 0.5%. All significant valve related complications occurred at a rate of 5.9% per patient year. The complications were fatal at a rate of 1.1% per patient-year and the risk of reoperation on the valve site was 1.1% per patient-year. Actuarial survival at six years was 84.8% +/- 5% for the whole group (88.6 +/- 5.7% for aortic, 84.3 +/- 9.4% for mitral valve replacement, 86.0 +/- 5.5% for single valve replacement and 77.1 +/- 10.2% for multiple valve replacements). Based on the duration of the study and absence of restrictive selection criteria, these clinical data demonstrated a reliable degree of safety and performance for this prosthesis. PMID- 3228765 TI - Medtronic-Hall prosthesis: valve related deaths and complications. AB - The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical performance of the Medtronic-Hall prosthesis based on a review of all valve related complications over a period of nine years. From January 1978 until December 1986, 502 prostheses were implanted in 450 patients. There were 200 aortic valve replacements, 198 mitral valve replacements and 52 double valve replacements. There were 234 associated procedures performed, the most frequent being coronary grafting in 129 patients and tricuspid annuloplasty in 35 patients. The mean age of the patients (230 men and 220 women) was 54.08 +/- 11.7 years. Preoperatively, 92.2% were in NYHA class III or IV. Early mortality was 7.1% and late mortality 16.7%. The follow-up totalled 1733 patient-years (mean 49.8 +/- 31.7 months). Over a period of nine years, the valve related complication rate was 4.4% per patient-year. Thromboembolic events occurred in 37 patients (2.1% per patient year), anticoagulant related hemorrhage in 23 patients (1.3% per patient-year), endocarditis in 11 patients (0.6% per patient-year), perivalvular leak in six patients (0.3% per patient-year) and death and reoperation in 28 patients (1.6% per patient-year). At eight and one-half years, the survival rate was 71.28 +/- 2.7% for the whole group. The actuarial rate of patients free from all valve related complications was 75.92 +/- 2.7%, rate of freedom from thromboembolism was 86.01 +/- 2.4%, freedom from anticoagulant related hemorrhage was 92.7 +/- 1.6%, freedom from endocarditis was 97.17 +/- 0.8%, freedom from perivalvular leak was 98.27 +/- 0.7% and freedom from death and reoperation was 90.70 +/- 1.9%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228766 TI - Twenty-five year experience with Starr-Edwards heart valves: follow-up methods and results. AB - A prospective data registry and follow-up service has been in use for cardiac surgery patients at the St Vincent Hospital Heart Institute, Portland, Oregon, since 1960. It presently contains information on more than 4,000 heart valve operations. The physical system has evolved from a manually updated binder of flowsheets to an integrated multicomputer database. The caged-ball valves used as the predominant replacement device have themselves performed successfully, permitting a remarkable 25-year review. The conclusions from a current review of the valves, which have just entered their third decade of use, remain the same as the conclusions from an earlier review of the same series, performed 10 years ago when the valves had just entered their second decade of use. PMID- 3228768 TI - Recent advances in the management of lipid disorders. Toronto, Ontario, October 4. PMID- 3228767 TI - Clinical performance of Bjork-Shiley mechanical heart valves: a perspective on outlet strut fractures in the 60 degrees and 70 degrees convexo-concave disc models. AB - The convexo-concave disc model of Bjork-Shiley mechanical heart valve is a significant improvement over the spherical disc model and compares favourably to other valves, including bioprostheses, with respect to hemodynamics, thromboembolism, anticoagulant related hemorrhage and prosthetic endocarditis. A small number of the 60 degrees and 70 degrees welded outlet strut Bjork-Shiley convexo-concave valves are at risk of sudden structural failure. The risk is constant or decreasing with time. Elective explanation is not recommended. The integral outlet monostrut 70 degrees Bjork-Shiley convexo-concave valve demonstrates further improvements in design and durability, and is recommended for use in patients who are appropriate candidates for mechanical cardiac prostheses. PMID- 3228769 TI - Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma mimicking pulmonary thromboembolism. AB - A 69-year-old woman presenting with dyspnea had a pericardial window created for fibrinous pericarditis. The patient subsequently developed pulmonary hypertension and a ventilation perfusion scan was compatible with pulmonary thromboembolism. A primary tumour of the pulmonary artery was suggested by angiography, computerized axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Pathology confirmed a spindle cell pulmonary artery sarcoma. PMID- 3228770 TI - Effect of superoxide dismutase plus catalase on myocardial infarct size in rabbits. AB - A previous study by the authors showed that myocardial infarct size in the rabbit, measured after 45 mins of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion, could be limited by administration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) plus catalase. The present study examined whether this infarct size limitation is sustained for the following three days. Under anesthesia, a coronary branch of the Japanese white rabbit was occluded for 45 mins and then reperfused. Three days after surgery, the heart was excised and the volume of myocardium supplied by the occluded coronary branch (ischemic zone size) was assessed with fluorescent particles and the infarct size was estimated by hematoxylin and eosin and with Mallory's staining. The SOD plus catalase group (n = 14) received 15,000 units/kg of SOD plus 50,000 units/kg of catalase in saline over 90 mins, starting 15 mins before the coronary occlusion. Saline was infused in the control group (n = 15). Three rabbits in the control group and three in the SOD plus catalase group died of ventricular fibrillation during the ischemic period. Three control and two SOD plus catalase rabbits were excluded because the ischemic zone was ambiguous. The percentage of the ischemic zone which was infarcted was 59.4 +/- 6.9% (mean +/- SE) in the control group (n = 9) and 49.4 +/- 5.1% in the SOD plus catalase group (n = 9). These were not statistically different. Ischemic zone size and hemodynamic parameters were similar in the two groups. These findings suggest that SOD plus catalase may serve only to delay rather than prevent myocardial infarction. PMID- 3228771 TI - Epidemiology of valvular heart disease in Canada. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine mortality trends for valvular heart disease in Canada. Mortality data and population data were obtained from Statistics Canada publications and analyzed according to the diagnostic criteria established by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the World Health Organization. Because of the changes in ICD classification over the years, attempts were made to analyze data only when a relevant and comparable diagnostic class was available. Mortality data were collected over time, therefore they tended to be strongly autocorrelated and statistical methods were utilized to minimize this factor. In addition, statistical methods for switching regression models were applied to evaluate trends for possible changes. For chronic rheumatic heart disease ICD 393-398, there was a significant trend of a decrease in death rate of about 0.22 per 100,000 population per year. These trends were observed for both men and women although the death rates for women were consistently greater than those for men. Switching regression models suggested a switchover point, but only for men, indicating a flattening or decrease in the downward trend after 1978. For rheumatic mitral valve disease there was a significant decrease in death rate of 0.026 deaths per 100,000 per year and for rheumatic aortic valve disease of 0.036 per 100,000 per year. For nonrheumatic mitral valve disease there was a significant decrease in death rates of 0.01 per 100,000 per year, but there was no trend for nonrheumatic aortic valve disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228772 TI - Noninvasive assessment of prosthetic heart valves. AB - Objective assessment of prosthetic valvular function is crucial in the patient with a prosthetic heart valve. Combined two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler examination is the imaging modality of choice in this setting because it provides detailed anatomic and hemodynamic information. These procedures allow detection of valve related complications as well as subclinical prosthetic dysfunction. Combined Doppler echocardiography should be an essential part of the follow-up of these patients. PMID- 3228774 TI - Divided loyalties? PMID- 3228773 TI - Cardiac valve replacement: Canadian review 1978-86. AB - The total number of cardiac patients requiring valve surgery in Canada has remained relatively constant over the years 1978-86, at about 2900 cases per year. However, the type of valve used has changed with most centres now using bioprosthetic valves as compared to mechanical valves which were popular until 1978. Unfortunately, there is a lack of uniform follow-up data on cardiac valve replacement patients and a countrywide registry is needed in order to monitor morbidity, mortality and long term results. PMID- 3228775 TI - Comparison of 0.5% cyclopentolate plus 0.5% tropicamide and 1% cyclopentolate alone for mydriasis of dark irides. AB - We studied the mydriatic and cycloplegic effect of a single dose of a combination of 0.5% cyclopentolate hydrochloride and 0.5% tropicamide in 20 healthy subjects with dark brown irides. The mean change in dilatation with the combination drop was 3.5 mm, compared with 0.6 mm with 1% cyclopentolate alone (p less than 0.001). In 92% of 26 eyes studied the difference in refraction between the combination drop and 1% atropine was +1.00 dioptre or less. The combination drop safely provided satisfactory mydriasis and cycloplegia in 20 minutes, allowing for rapid and accurate examination of these patients. PMID- 3228776 TI - Prevalence of illegal motor vehicle driving among visually impaired elderly patients in Alberta. AB - Of 491 patients aged 65 years or older consecutively referred to a sight enhancement clinic in northern Alberta, 22 (4%) with vision below legal limits persisted in driving a motor vehicle. Significantly more men (11%) than women (1%) were driving illegally (p less than 0.00001). Among the men, a higher proportion of those aged 65 to 79 years (17%) than those aged 80 years or older (6%) were driving illegally (p less than 0.009). Many patients had several diseases, including tremor, hearing loss, heart problems and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. None had been reported to the Motor Vehicles Division. Both patients and physicians appear reluctant to acknowledge the consequences of visual disabilities. Drivers should have their vision screened regularly beginning at age 65 years. Physicians should notify the appropriate authorities when a patient can no longer drive legally and safely. PMID- 3228777 TI - Blood viscosity in ocular hypertension. AB - Blood viscosity and its determinants were measured in 27 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, 15 patients with ocular hypertension and 18 healthy control subjects matched for sex, blood pressure and smoking habits. The mean blood viscosity value was significantly higher in the glaucoma group than in the two other groups at all three shear rates studied; there was no difference in viscosity between the hypertension group and the control group. The mean hematocrit value was significantly lower in the hypertension group than in the two other groups. The results suggest that blood viscosity may contribute to nerve damage in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. The low hematocrit observed in the patients with ocular hypertension may, by contributing to low viscosity, in some measure protect this group from optic nerve damage. PMID- 3228778 TI - Orbitotonography, the dynamic assessment of orbital tension: 2. Results in patients with orbital disease. AB - Dynamic orbitotonography was done in 17 patients with Graves' disease, 25 patients with orbital tumours and 15 healthy subjects. The mean orbital pressure for both patient groups was significantly different from that for the healthy subjects at each time interval (p less than 0.001). Healthy patients may be differentiated from those with orbital disease with a good degree of reliability with this technique. As well, the technique may provide information about the location of disease within the orbit. PMID- 3228779 TI - Mycobacterium chelonei keratitis in a soft-contact-lens wearer. AB - A 29-year-old woman who had successfully used extended-wear soft contact lens for 7 years was found to have a corneal ulcer due to Mycobacterium chelonei. Unique to this presentation was the lack of a history of severe corneal trauma, prior surgery or immunocompromised tissue. Despite in-vitro resistance of the organism to amikacin sulfate, topical therapy with this antibiotic led to a complete cure without the need for surgical intervention. PMID- 3228780 TI - Asymmetry in congenital ocular motor apraxia. AB - A 10-month-old girl presented with apparently unilateral ocular motor apraxia (OMA). Electro-oculography confirmed an inability to generate a saccade for fixation or in response to an optokinetic or vestibular evoked stimulus to the right. Fixation and optokinetic saccades and vestibular evoked nystagmus were present to the left. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small cerebellar vermis but no localizing unilateral abnormality or tumour. Subsequent review of video recordings of 16 children with congenital OMA revealed that 5 demonstrated asymmetry in the generation of fixation saccades. Two of the five also demonstrated asymmetry of vestibular evoked nystagmus, and an additional child had optokinetic asymmetry. PMID- 3228781 TI - A simple technique for the prevention and management of Jones bypass tube extrusion. AB - We propose a simple technique for modifying a Jones bypass tube to prevent extrusion. It has been used in eight patients followed for 3 months to 3 years, without evidence of extrusion. PMID- 3228782 TI - The effect of a weight-reducing diet on the nitrogen metabolism of obese adolescents. AB - Rates of whole body amino nitrogen flux were measured in 16 obese adolescents undergoing weight reduction with a high protein low energy diet. The subjects received approximately 2.5 g of animal protein per day per kilogram ideal body weight and maintained nitrogen balance throughout the 18 days on the diet. Flux rates were calculated separately from the cumulative excretion of 15N in urinary ammonia and urea following the administration of a single dose of [15N]glycine. The pattern of 15N label appearance in urinary ammonia and urea nitrogen was followed for 72 h after the administration of [15N]glycine. Significant amounts of label continued to be excreted in both urinary ammonia and nitrogen for 36-48 h after label administration. The weight-reducing diet accelerated 15N cumulative excretion in urinary urea, but not in ammonia nitrogen compared with the control diet. Whole body nitrogen flux rates increased rapidly and significantly on the diet. Using the urea end product, this increase was evident on the 4th diet day, but not by the 7th or subsequent days. On the other hand, using the ammonia end product, flux rate increased markedly (p less than 0.0001) and remained elevated throughout the whole study. Our results demonstrate adaptive changes in whole body amino-nitrogen metabolism in response to the reducing diet. Different patterns of change are seen depending upon whether an ammonia or a urea end product is used. Our data thus add to the evidence for compartmentation of the body's amino-nitrogen pools. PMID- 3228783 TI - Effect of portacaval surgical anastomosis on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics in portal hypertensive, cirrhotic rats. AB - The effect of surgical end-to-side portacaval anastomosis (PCSA) on systemic and splanchnic circulation has been studied in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension (CCl4-phenobarbital method) and in control animals. Hemodynamics have been measured using the microsphere technique, with a reference sample for the systemic hemodynamic measurements, and intrasplenic injection for portal systemic shunting rate measurements. Compared with controls, sham-operated (SO) cirrhotic rats showed a hyperdynamic circulation with increased cardiac output (CO) and decreased mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistances. PCSA in control rats induced only a small change in systemic hemodynamics, with parallel decreases in arterial pressure and peripheral resistances, and a small, nonsignificant increase in CO. In cirrhotic rats, PCSA induced a decrease of CO to values similar to those of control rats, with an increase in total peripheral resistances. PCSA induced an increase in hepatic arterial blood flow in control and in cirrhotic rats, portal pressure becoming in this latter group not different from that of control rats. Blood flow to splanchnic organs was higher in SO cirrhotic than in SO control animals. Thus portal venous inflow was also increased in SO cirrhotic rats. PCSA induced an increase in portal venous inflow in control rats, which was only significant in cirrhotic rats when expressed as a percentage of CO. In SO control animals, a significant correlation was observed between total peripheral resistances and splanchnic arteriolar resistances and between CO and splanchnic blood flow. These correlations were not observed in cirrhotic rats. These results do not support the hypothesis that hyperdynamic circulation shown by cirrhotic rats is based on increases in splanchnic blood flow and (or) massive portal systemic shunting. PMID- 3228784 TI - Do motilin and pancreatic polypeptide regulate duodenal bile acid delivery? AB - The plasma levels of the enteric hormones, motilin and pancreatic polypeptide, cycle in association with fasting intestinal motility and are altered by feeding. Intravenous administration of motilin causes gallbladder contraction and increased sphincter of Oddi phasic motor activity, whereas pancreatic polypeptide causes gallbladder relaxation. To determine if endogenous plasma levels of motilin and pancreatic polypeptide control sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder motility, and regulate duodenal bile acid delivery, we measured during fasting and after feeding the correlation between (a) changes in plasma motilin or pancreatic polypeptide, and (b) the duodenal delivery of a steady-state hepatic output of radiolabelled bile acid. Four dogs were prepared with duodenal cannulas. Duodenal motility was recorded manometrically. Plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide and motilin were determined during a full cycle of the migrating myoelectric complex for 20 min before and 40 min after ingestion of a standard meal. To assess the effect of the sphincter of Oddi and the gallbladder together, or the gallbladder alone on duodenal bile acid delivery, the dogs received a continuous i.v. infusion of [14C]taurocholic acid (TCA); duodenal delivery of TCA was quantitated with the sphincter of Oddi intact using duodenal marker perfusion, or with the sphincter of Oddi cannulated and zero outflow resistance. In the interdigestive period with the sphincter of Oddi intact, only 0.1 (r2) of the variance of duodenal bile acid delivery can be predicted from the variance of motilin, and the correlation of plasma pancreatic polypeptide with duodenal TCA delivery is opposite that expected if pancreatic polypeptide caused gallbladder relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228785 TI - Recovery from heart failure: structural and functional analysis in a canine model. AB - Chronic, rapid ventricular pacing produces congestive heart failure in the dog. Using echocardiography, the features of developing heart failure were analysed and the capacity of this model for recovery was assessed once pacing had been discontinued. Fifteen dogs were studied; nine were paced at 250 beats/min (bpm) to severe heart failure (5.0 +/- 1.8 weeks) and six served as sham controls. In the paced animals at severe heart failure, two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a significant increase in diastolic cross-sectional cardiac area (from 11 +/- 3 to 16 +/- 2 cm2, p less than 0.05), associated with a marked fall n area ejection fraction (54 +/- 8 to 21 +/- 8%, p less than 0.05), and significant left ventricular wall thinning (from 6.0 +/- 0.7 to 4.7 +/- 0.9 mm, p less than 0.05). In addition, significant increases in heart rate (77 +/- 7 to 126 +/- 13 bpm, sinus rhythm; p less than 0.05), respiratory rate (41 +/- 13 to 80 +/- 20 cycles/min, p less than 0.05), and body weight (21 +/- 1 to 24 +/- 3 kg, p less than 0.05) were noted. Serum sodium fell (146 +/- 3 to 140 +/- 8 mmol/L, p less than 0.05), while blood urea nitrogen (6 +/- 2 to 10 +/- 2 mmol/L, p less than 0.05) and creatinine (86 +/- 12 to 101 +/- 15 mmol/d, p less than 0.05) increased. Recovery was characterized by rapid improvement such that all measured parameters normalized by 1 week, except for cross-sectional cardiac area which remained dilated up to 4 weeks (14 +/- 3 cm2, p less than 0.05 versus control).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228786 TI - Studies of arterial smooth muscle relaxation in younger (16-18 week) and older (28-31 week) spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Both isometric and isotonic relaxation rates have previously been reported to be decreased in caudal arterial and mesenteric resistance arterial smooth muscle from 16- to 21-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with muscle from age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). An increased maximum velocity of shortening (Vmax) and an increased shortening ability (delta Lmax) have also been reported for arterial smooth muscle from 16- to 21-week-old SHR. It has been suggested that both increased narrowing and prolonged narrowing of arteries contribute to the development of hypertension. However, SHR Vmax is not different from WKY Vmax when studying arterial muscle from older (28- to 31 week-old) rats. Thus increased arterial narrowing ability cannot be a contributing factor to the maintenance of hypertension. In this study the role of relaxation rate in the maintenance of hypertension was examined by comparing the relaxation rates of isometric and isotonic contractions of caudal arterial strips from 16- to 21-week-old SHR (n = 9) and WKY (n = 8) and from 28- to 31-week-old SHR (n = 7) and WKY (n = 5). While relaxation rates were lower for 16- to 21-week old SHR compared with age-matched WKY preparations for both isometric and isotonic contractions, only isometric relaxation rates were found to be different in 28- to 31-week-old SHR compared with 28- to 31-week-old caudal arterial muscle (p less than 0.05). Vmax tended to normalize from a once-elevated velocity, while isometric relaxation rate remained decreased in SHR with ageing and (or) with progression of the hypertensive condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228787 TI - Improved myocardial performance induced by clofibrate during reperfusion after acute myocardial infarction. AB - The increase of cellular fatty acids appears to be one of the causes of the myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion. This study was designed to examine whether a hypolipidemic drug such as clofibrate can reduce the myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion. Clofibrate was fed to experimental pigs for 9 days. Isolated in situ hearts from both experimental and control pigs were subjected to 60 min of regional ischemia induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 60 min of global ischemia by hypothermic cardioplegic arrest and 60 min of reperfusion. The clofibrate feeding resulted in the better cardiac performance as judged by increased coronary blood flow, improved left ventricular function, and reduced myocardial injury as judged by creatine kinase release. Although the clofibrate-fed animals contained higher levels of thiobarbituric reactive materials, the free fatty acid levels of plasma and myocardium were much lower compared with control animals. The clofibrate feeding was also associated with increased peroxisomal catalase and beta oxidation of fatty acids. These results suggest that decreased levels of free fatty acids in the plasma and the myocardium and increased catalase activity induced by antilipolytic therapy appear to provide beneficial effects to the myocardium during ischemia and reperfusion. PMID- 3228788 TI - Effect of colchicine on alkaline triglyceride lipase activity and triglyceride content in rat skeletal muscle. AB - One purpose of this study was to determine if colchicine increased intracellular alkaline triglyceride (TG) lipase activity above control levels in rat skeletal muscle. The second aim was to determine the effects of colchicine treatment on the concentration of TG in skeletal muscle. The results show that colchicine was a potent inducer of alkaline TG lipase activity, increasing enzyme activity approximately twofold in slow-twitch red, fast-twitch red, and fast-twitch white muscle types. It was found that in slow-twitch red soleus and fast-twitch red vastus, the two muscle groups with the highest levels of enzyme activity, 76% or more of enzyme activity resides in the intracellular compartment. These results provide evidence that colchicine blocks the export of alkaline TG lipase from skeletal muscle cells similar to that seen in the heart. The finding that TG were reduced at a time when enzyme activity was elevated suggests that intracellular alkaline TG lipase may be playing a role in the hydrolysis of the intramuscular TG droplet. PMID- 3228789 TI - Effect of stimulation frequency on intracellular Na+ activity in rat atrial muscle. AB - Mean intracellular Na+ activity (aNai) was measured in rat left atrial muscle stimulated at increasing frequencies between 0 and 12 Hz. Low-pass filtered signals from conventional and ion-selective microelectrodes were used to determine aNai. Preparations were bathed in a low Ca2+ (0.1 mM) Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 1.0 mM Mn2+ to abolish contractile motion and permit stable impalements. Under these conditions, aNai increased progressively with frequency from 5.8 +/- 1.5 mM at 0 Hz to a maximum of 12.7 +/- 2.1 mM, which was observed at 10, 11, or 12 Hz. Further increases in frequency exceeded the effective refractory period, and aNai tended to decrease. These data suggest that aNai can be approximately doubled in rat atrial muscle by increasing the depolarization rate from 0 to 10-12 Hz, a range that has been shown to elicit a two- to three fold elevation in Na+-pump activity in similar preparations. PMID- 3228790 TI - Halothane suppresses slow inward currents in hippocampal slices. AB - Single-electrode voltage-clamp experiments were made on CA1 neurons in the presence of tetrodotoxin and K channel blockers. Applications of halothane (1-3% v/v) for 3-10 min caused a similar marked and reversible depression of slow inward currents (probably Ca currents) evoked by depolarizing pulses from a holding potential near -80 or near -40 mV. The peak amplitudes of the inward currents were much reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner, and they decayed more rapidly (half-decay time was shortened by a quarter). In most cases, leak conductances were diminished by halothane, making it unlikely that the suppression of inward currents was primarily caused by enhancement of outward currents. A similar inactivation of Ca currents in presynaptic terminals would explain why halothane depresses synaptic transmission. PMID- 3228791 TI - Community nursing practice in a faculty of nursing health promotion project. PMID- 3228792 TI - [Losses and threats perceived by aged persons in a coronary intensive care unit]. PMID- 3228793 TI - Actor-observer attributions for failure to control physical conditions. PMID- 3228794 TI - Dilemmas of ethics and validity in qualitative nursing research. PMID- 3228796 TI - Nurses say 'no'--doctors say 'yes' and pledge AMA dollars for RCT training. PMID- 3228795 TI - Assessing an instrument in a pilot project: the self-care agency questionnaire. PMID- 3228797 TI - The RCT debate: point and counterpoint. PMID- 3228798 TI - Older Canadians in Florida. The social networks of international seasonal migrants. AB - This study focuses on selected aspects of the social networks of older Canadians who are seasonal migrants to Florida, using a large respondent pool solicited from the readership of a newspaper serving the Canadian population in Florida. Findings such as the high rate of home ownership and the geographic stability of their Florida destination indicate the degree of integration in Florida. The respondent's contact with family members is relatively high while in Canada but considerably lower when in Florida. However, for a minority of respondents, a seasonal migration brings them closer to family members. This reduction of family contact is compensated by new friendships formed in the predominantly age homogeneous residential environment of Florida. It is clear that older Canadians who winter in Florida have strong social networks when they are away from home. PMID- 3228799 TI - Measurement of life satisfaction. Developing a life satisfaction scale. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a life satisfaction scale (LSS) suited for elderly Finnish people. The subjects were non-institutionalized elderly living in rural and urban areas in south-western Finland. They were interviewed for a prospective follow-up study (TURVA project) concerned with the psychosocial development of elderly people during retirement. Following the interview, the first version of the LSS was submitted to 339 respondents. It was completed and returned by 330 (97%). This version of the scale was then reduced to a 26-item version (LSS-A), which had a high reliability coefficient (Cronbach alpha 0.89). In factor analysis, LSS-A consisted of three main components: psychic balance, assessment of past life, and present happiness. An abbreviated 12-item scale (LSS B) was also drawn up. When the number of items was reduced, the roles of psychic balance and present happiness were emphasized. The LSS, proved to be easy to use, its reliability was good, and the correlations between the sum score of LSS and the questions concerning life satisfaction in the interviews suggested fairly good validity. To further evaluate the validity and applicability of the scale, we need further studies in different types of elderly populations. PMID- 3228800 TI - Age differences in adults' scene memory: knowledge and strategy interactions. AB - Three studies explored young and old adults' use of knowledge to support memory performance. Subjects viewed slides of familiar scenes containing high expectancy and low expectancy items and received free recall (Experiments 1, 2, and 3), cued recall (Experiments 1 and 2), and recognition (Experiments 1 and 2) tests. In Experiment 1 encoding intentionality was varied between subjects. Young adults performed better than old adults on all tests, but on all tests, both age groups produced a similar pattern of better memory of high expectancy than low expectancy items and showed an encoding intentionality effect for low expectancy items. In Experiments 2 and 3 all subjects were told to intentionally encode only one item from each scene; the remaining items could be encoded incidentally. Young adults performed better than old adults, although again, the pattern of performance of the two age groups was similar. High expectancy and low expectancy intentional items were recalled equally well, but high expectancy incidental items were recalled better than low expectancy incidental items. Low expectancy intentional items were recognized better than high expectancy intentional items, but incidental high expectancy items were recognized better than incidental low expectancy items. It was concluded that young and old adults use their knowledge in similar ways to guide scene memory. The effects of item expectancy and item intentionality were interpreted within Hasher & Zacks' (2) model of automatic and effortful processes. PMID- 3228801 TI - Follow-up three years after intervention to relieve unmet medical and social needs of old people. AB - A follow-up study was conducted 3 years after a socio-medical intervention had been performed as part of an epidemiological study of 75-, 80- and 85-year-old citizens of Copenhagen. The intervention was aimed at relieving unmet medical and social needs of this group of citizens. The main recipients of social services were the oldest, single persons and women. A preponderance of the oldest had unmet social needs, but the need for health intervention did not vary according to age or sex. Although a fifth of the participants displayed unmet health needs and a third unmet social needs, no difference could be demonstrated at follow-up between participants and controls with regard to mortality, hospitalization, and institutionalization. Nor could any difference be found regarding subjective health and economy, loneliness, quality of life and functional ability. This is in contrast to the findings of another recent Danish intervention study. On the basis of the present study and other Scandinavian intervention studies, the authors conclude that in countries with a well-developed social system, efforts to improve the living conditions of the elderly should be concentrated to those who are at particular risk. Also for ethical reasons individualized intervention is greatly preferable to general intervention. It is conceivable, however, that not all risk factors, perhaps not even the most important, can be eliminated by intervention. PMID- 3228802 TI - Self-care in health and in illness. AB - This paper focuses on self-care, both expectations and actual behaviours, as health behaviour and as illness behaviour among a random sample of elderly individuals living in the community in a Canadian city (n = 743). The conceptualization of both health and illness behaviour follows Mechanic's (1,2) definition of illness behaviour as selective, interpretive, and evaluative. The data reveal a gap between intentions and behaviours, with elderly individuals de emphasizing the importance of self-care and overemphasizing the importance of professional contact in their intentions compared with their behaviours. Further, self-care as health and as illness behaviour are uncorrelated with one another. Virtually all individuals engage in some health maintenance behaviours. Approximately two-thirds engage in self-care or do nothing as an initial response to common ailments. While different correlates emerge for each, health beliefs are significantly related, irrespective of whether it is health or illness behaviour. PMID- 3228803 TI - Determinants and predictors of heavy alcohol consumption among aging Finnish men. AB - The aim was to identify socioeconomic, health behaviour, and health factors associated with or predicting heavy alcohol consumption in late middle age (55-74 years) or in old age (65-84 years). The material included a follow-up study of two cohorts of Finnish males resident either in eastern or south-western Finland. The main variables associated with heavy alcohol consumption in late middle age were: relatively young age and heavy smoking. The main associated variables in old age were good mental and physical capacity, occurrence of chronic bronchitis, the absence of certain cardiac diseases, and heavy smoking. Heavy smoking was the main predictor of heavy alcohol consumption 5-25 years later; alcohol consumption 10 years earlier was also an important predictor. Some regional differences were found in associated or predictive variables. The results suggest that, with the exception of alcohol consumption itself and heavy smoking, socioeconomic, health and other health behaviour factors are not very important in explaining or predicting heavy alcohol consumption among aging Finnish men. Drinking and smoking habits were closely related in these aging or aged men. PMID- 3228804 TI - Self-rated health among the elderly. A comparative analysis of health status measures, leisure activities and social contacts in age/sex groups. AB - A comparative analysis of self-rated health (SRH) by demographic characteristics, health status measures, leisure activities and social contacts was performed in four age/sex groups of elderly. The relative contribution of each group of variables to the explained variation in SRH was assessed using multiple regression analyses. A stratified sample drawn in an Israeli city led to 606 structured home interviews. The results show that: 1) for all groups the strongest correlates with SRH are health status measures, 2) for all groups the weakest correlates with SRH are demographic variables, 3) a significant relationship is found between SRH and age at immigration only for younger males, and 4) the explanatory power of social contacts and leisure activity variables varies significantly among the different groups. These factors explain relatively more of SRH in the younger age groups, and especially among younger males. Such findings suggest careful analyses of concepts in different socio-demographic groups for theoretical reasons and for purposes of planning health promotion community programs. PMID- 3228805 TI - Paying informal caregivers. AB - The use of economic incentives in informal care exchanges is examined in the context of Norway's highly but not fully developed welfare state. Informal care has traditionally been unpaid. This may be changing. A random sample of 490 urban, working and lower middle class persons, 70 years of age and over, has shown that the majority feel that long-term help from neighbors should be paid and a substantial minority feel that adult children should be paid for short-term help as well. One in five elderly recipients of informal care reported paying for help. The observed gap between pro-payment attitudes and current payment practices suggests that there may be obstacles hindering the elderly from paying informal caregivers. Payment appears to be related to the legitimacy of requesting assistance which, in a welfare state, involves the use of formal supports to minimize informal care burdens. PMID- 3228806 TI - Health status and medical consumption of rural and urban elderly. AB - Health status and medical consumption by the elderly seem to be dependent on the place of residence. Several studies have shown that rural elderly are less healthy, but make less use of health services than urban elderly. In this study it has been found that in The Netherlands differences in health and use of health services between both groups are very small, but also that rural elderly have a better health than urban elderly and that these rural elderly make less use of health services. Explanations for this phenomenon cannot be found in differences in income, social contacts, social participation or care delivery systems. Migration also cannot explain the differences. Possible explanations are sought in the urbanization of the rural area. The small differences might be due to the operationalization of the concept urbanization. PMID- 3228807 TI - The role of selective attention in the visuo-spatial memory of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - The visuo-spatial memories of groups of dements suffering from Alzheimer's disease (DAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID) were compared with those of low-IQ but non-dementing elderly volunteers. In contrast to the other two groups, the DAT subjects were hindered when extra visual information was available as a memory aid. Similarly, DAT subjects' performance on a visual search task was worsened when the displays were made more varied. The concept that DAT patients' visuo-spatial memory problems may be due to a failure of selective attention is discussed. PMID- 3228808 TI - Intermittent care for old patients--when should it be offered? AB - An inventory was made among 229 elderly individuals in out- and in-patient care, community care and social welfare. The aim was to investigate the patients' possibilities and interest for intermittent nursing home care in order to avoid or postpone permanent institutional care. The patients were assessed as to physical and mental health and social conditions. Intermittent care was thought to be appropriate for 81 of these patients (35%). After an interview of the patients and cohabiting relatives, 21 patients (9%), mainly out-patients, took a positive interest in this form of care. The in-patients were mostly too ill, and patients in community care found intermittent care interesting but were not prepared for this form of rehabilitation and preferred to wait despite risk of acute deterioration. The most suitable and interested patients and relatives were found among those in day hospital and those on the waiting list for geriatric care. PMID- 3228809 TI - Relationship between depression and agitation in nursing home residents. AB - Nursing staff and social workers independently rated the manifestations of agitation and depression in 408 nursing home residents. The role of dementia was also investigated. The relationship between agitation (3 factors: aggressive, physically nonaggressive, and verbally agitated) and depression (2 factors: social functioning and depressed affect) was examined. While residents who manifested either aggressive behavior (e.g., hitting, cursing) or physically nonaggressive behaviors (e.g., general restlessness, pacing) tended to be more cognitively impaired, aggressive behaviors were negatively related to the social functioning aspect of depression, and physically nonaggressive behaviors were not related to either aspect of depression. Verbally agitated individuals were more cognitively intact and displayed depressed affects. It is conceivable that depressed affect was perceived only in verbally agitated residents since these persons were able to communicate their depression to caregivers. This result raises questions concerning the meaningfulness of depression measurements in noncommunicative residents. PMID- 3228810 TI - [Coronary Care Unit: an approach to potential hazards of a psychopathological order]. PMID- 3228811 TI - Utility of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of fetal arrhythmias. PMID- 3228812 TI - [Evaluation of the ventricular function using radioisotope ventriculography in patients with impaired glucose metabolism]. PMID- 3228813 TI - [Electrophysiologic characteristics and hemodynamic behavior of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 3228814 TI - [Asymptomatic chronic severe aortic insufficiency: echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function]. PMID- 3228815 TI - [Incidence, etiology and prognosis of chronic heart failure in a group of patients hospitalized during the period 1981-1985]. PMID- 3228816 TI - [Spontaneous 3-vessel coronary spasm with recruitable collaterals: a 5-year clinical and angiographic follow-up]. PMID- 3228817 TI - Comparison between methylphenidate and placebo as adjuvant in care and rehabilitation of geriatric patients. AB - The aim of the present study was to establish to what extent a short-term treatment with methylphenidate would have such practical clinical effects that possibilities for medical rehabilitation would be improved. Other purposes of the investigation were to certify therapeutically acceptable plasma concentrations in the elderly, and to study possible mental and physical effects of the suddenly improved and greatly extended daily attention given to the patient during the course of the study. 24 fatigued, elderly patients (70-93 years) were treated with methylphenidate/placebo for 9 days. The study was carried out as a double blind test. Although a significant effect on heart rate and blood pressure was recorded when the full dose (20 mg) had been reached, no difference in mental or physical performance was observed between the two groups. PMID- 3228818 TI - An attempt to identify and describe a group of non-institutionalised elderly with the lowest nutrient score. AB - This report presents an attempt to identify the elderly with the least satisfactory diet (those with the 20% lowest total nutrient score (Group A)). Group A is compared with the elderly with the most satisfactory diet (those with the 20% highest total nutrient score (Group B)). The groups were compared according to demographical data, health problems, body mass index (BMI), social isolation and utilization of services. The sample, 201 women and 54 men, mean age 82 and 80 years, respectively, consisted of non-institutionalised elderly in Oslo. A food frequency interview method was used to collect information about diet. Other data were collected through interviews, observation and physical examinations. Group A had a higher percentage of women (87 vs 68%), were of higher age (83 vs 81 years), and a higher percentage had a BMI below 20 kg/m2 (36 vs 19%). The elderly in A, regardless of gender, had lower mobility function and were less often out of doors during the summer than those in B. No differences were seen in the percentages of those wearing dentures (81 vs 78%), living alone (83 vs 77%), duration of education (8.3 vs 8.4 years), and economic limitations on food purchases. PMID- 3228819 TI - A geriatric high dependency unit--an innovation in the care of the acutely ill elderly patient? AB - A geriatric High Dependency Unit has been in operation at Cardiff Royal Infirmary for the past 7 years to provide "special-care" for acutely ill elderly people requiring careful bedside monitoring and intensive nursing and medical treatment. The background to the unit, its present functioning and the results of a prospective study of 432 consecutive admissions are described. The unit offers more appropriate and better continuity of hospital care for many very ill geriatric patients and may be a satisfactory alternative to admission to coronary or intensive care units where resources are not freely available. PMID- 3228820 TI - Age retirement in women. I. General presentation. AB - Within the framework of a longitudinal population study of age retirement in women, the short-term consequences of retirement were studied in 116 municipally employed women in the city of Malmo (230,000 inhabitants) in southern Sweden half a year before and half a year after retirement. The women represented about 40 different occupations, mostly within the sectors of health care, social services and administration. The study comprised four main parts, namely health and discomfort, social psychology, dietary habits and body composition, and oral health. The present paper concerns a general presentation of the study including sampling procedures and analyses of non-response. The response rate was a little more than 70%. Only a few significant differences were observed between non responders and responders, such as more working hours per week, and more frequently a negative attitude towards retirement in the non-responders after retirement. This longitudinal prospective study of the same cohort of women has so far shown that the general design, sampling procedure and general methods of data collection appear adequate and feasible. In general, the study population was representative of women about to retire from municipal employment in Sweden. Results from the different studies will be presented elsewhere. To illustrate not only the short-term effects of retirement we intend to reexamine the same women about 2 years after the retirement. PMID- 3228821 TI - Age retirement in women. II. Dietary habits and body composition. AB - Within the framework of a longitudinal study of municipally employed women in Malmo, Sweden, before and after retirement, comprising health, social, psychological, nutritional and odontological aspects, the dietary habits and body composition were evaluated. 116 women aged 62, 63 and 64 were included. A detailed dietary interview was performed by a nutritionist, anthropometric measurements were made, and body compartments were calculated after retirement with a new electrical impedance method. Average dietary intakes were relatively high, but variation was marked. Intake of energy and almost all nutrients showed a clear decreasing tendency from before to after retirement, despite an increase in body weight and waist measurement, indicating decreasing physical activity after retirement in these women. There was also an increasing consumption of pastry, potato chips and similar food items. One third of the women was below the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) regarding calcium and almost all women below the RDA regarding vitamin D. There are reasons to believe that the event of retirement in women might imply some dietary hazards. PMID- 3228822 TI - Efficacy of short mental tests in the detection of mental impairment in old age. AB - The usefulness, inter-rater reliability, and validity of six mental tests, the MMS, the GMS, the MSQ, the VRT, the OLT, and the DCT were studied in 81 patients over the age of 75 years. The patients were classified as being mentally impaired or unimpaired by psychogeriatric assessment. All tests had high reliability. The MMS, GMS, MSQ, and OLT were the most feasible and useful. The tests were validated by logistic regression analysis and the most efficient were the MMS, GMS, and OLT. Improvement was achieved when two or all three tests were used simultaneously. The three tests seem to be suitable tools for the detection of mental failure in patients of old age. PMID- 3228823 TI - Noninvasive assessment of pulmonary hypertension: a simultaneous echo-Doppler hemodynamic study. AB - Thirty patients with stable chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) underwent an echo-Doppler examination before and during right heart catheterization. No statistically significant differences between observations for any of two dimensional echo-Doppler parameters were found. The measurement of all parameters taken during the catheterization correlated better with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) than those taken before. This difference was most evident for the isovolumetric acceleration time (r = 0.71 before versus r = 0.85 during the catheterization) and relaxation time (r = -0.75 before versus r = -0.87 during the catheterization). The multiple correlation coefficient for all measured parameters and mPAP was 0.83 before and 0.92 during the catheterization. In conclusion, in patients with COLD, it appears possible to get reliable information about PAP using noninvasive techniques. PMID- 3228824 TI - Anti-ischemic effects of slow-release formulations of nifedipine, isosorbide-5 mononitrate and their combination in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - Eighteen patients (2 females, 16 males) with coronary artery disease and a positive bicycle exercise test were treated with 50 mg slow-release isosorbide-5 mononitrate (ISMN SR) once daily, 20 mg nifedipine SR twice daily and a combination of both drugs during 2 weeks in a randomized double-blind sequence. Fifteen patients completed the study. The efficacy of each therapy was assessed by ECG stress testing after each treatment period. Both substances were equally effective in the reduction of ischemic ST depression: 0.40 +/- 0.22 mV with placebo, 0.31 +/- 0.16 mV during nifedipine SR and 0.31 +/- 0.29 mV during ISMN SR, 0.28 +/- 0.21 mV during the combination. However, during monotherapy with either nifedipine SR or ISMN SR 6 patients did not improve. The alternative monotherapy was effective in 3 out of 6 patients. Combination treatment gave further advantage only to one third of the patients. We conclude that both nifedipine and ISMN in slow-release formulations are equally effective in the treatment of myocardial ischemia. In the individual patient, however, therapy failure may occur. These patients should be switched to another monotherapy. If both monotherapies are ineffective, combination treatment should be considered. PMID- 3228825 TI - Changes in ventricular function and coronary stenosis after successful intravenous thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Temporal changes in residual stenosis in the infarct-related coronary artery and ventricular function were studied in 30 consecutive patients with an acute myocardial infarction who received rapid, high dose intravenous infusions of streptokinase within 4 h of pain onset. Patients were studied 6 days and 3.9 +/- 1.3 months after the acute episode. Inferior infarction, early thrombolysis (less than 1.5 h after pain onset) and adequate reperfusion (less than 75% residual stenosis in the infarct-related coronary artery) were associated with smaller left ventricular infarcts, smaller ventricular volumes and better ventricular function. Residual stenosis tended to increase with time and in 6 patients the artery closed completely (1 with an overt clinical episode). Ventricular function and volumes improved progressively in patients with good initial function and less residual stenosis in the infarct-related coronary artery. PMID- 3228826 TI - Prognosis of lean and fat hypertensives. AB - A population sample of 1,645 men aged 40-59 at entry examination has been followed up for 25 years. When hypertensives (160 and/or 95 mm Hg or more; n = 432) were divided into fat and lean on the basis of body mass index (cut off at 24.9), the latter group showed a nonsignificant higher risk of dying during the subsequent 25 years (relative risk = 1.15). Univariate and multivariate analyses suggest that among lean people there is an excess of smokers partly explaining the excess risk of lean hypertensives. Both univariate and multivariate analyses also proved that the relationship of fatness-leanness indicators to total mortality is U-shaped and applies to hypertensives as well as to nonhypertensives, and to the whole population. Evidence has been given that changing the definition of fatness-leanness (cutoff of body mass index of 27.9) the relative risk of lean versus fat hypertensives may reverse (0.93). This suggests that a large part of the problem is artificial and should not be tackled without considering the parabolic relationships of indicators of obesity to mortality. PMID- 3228828 TI - Secondary hypertension. PMID- 3228827 TI - Pattern of heart disease in Ethiopia as seen in a cardiology referral clinic. AB - 385 patients were seen in the cardiology clinic of Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia over 20 months. Of 338 with defined pathology, 152 had rheumatic heart disease, 47 were hypertensive, 39 had cardiomyopathy, 36 had congenital heart disease and 24 arrhythmia. Average age of rheumatics was 25.5, 78% were less than or equal to 30, male:female = 58:94. The mitral valve was affected in 91%; 18% of rheumatics had pure mitral stenosis and 56% only mitral involvement. Average age of cardiomyopathy patients was 52, 90% had dilated cardiomyopathy. In congenital cases, mitral valve prolapse was most common (25%), followed by ventricular septal defect (19%), and patent ductus arteriosus (19%). Comparison is made with Ethiopian and other African data. Clearly, rheumatic fever is the main cause of cardiac pathology in Ethiopia, and deserves greatly increased attention. PMID- 3228829 TI - Work-up for secondary hypertension: why, when, and how much? AB - This introductory perspective gives an overview of the indications for the work up of secondary hypertension. The article also summarizes the clinical circumstances dictating the need for special work-up in patients with hypertension. PMID- 3228830 TI - [Health problems and and implementation of the law regarding state enterprises]. PMID- 3228831 TI - [Possibilities and methods of ultrasonic examination of the fetal heart]. PMID- 3228832 TI - [Prognostic significance of silent exertional myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 3228833 TI - [Causes of death in long-term smokers. Results of a 6-year prospective study of more than 6,000 men with a total consumption of over 150,000 cigarettes]. PMID- 3228834 TI - [The most frequent locations of cerebral ischemic strokes. II. Inter-territorial infarcts]. PMID- 3228835 TI - [Lithotripsy of gallstones using shock waves. First clinical experience in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3228836 TI - [The importance of echocardiography in the diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysms]. PMID- 3228837 TI - [Prolapse of the mitral valve--anatomic variant or disease?]. PMID- 3228838 TI - [Initial results of prenatal detection of malformations and functional disorders of the heart in fetuses at risk]. PMID- 3228839 TI - [Silent myocardial ischemia. Present state]. PMID- 3228840 TI - [Relation between auscultatory and echocardiographic findings in patients over 60 years of age]. PMID- 3228842 TI - [Immunodeficiency states in adults based on impaired antibody immunity. II. Therapy]. PMID- 3228841 TI - [Oral medicine for children. Its aspects, role and integration into medicine]. PMID- 3228843 TI - [Angiomyolipoma of the kidney as a source of severe hemorrhage in the urogenital tract]. PMID- 3228844 TI - [Mandragora]. PMID- 3228845 TI - [Study on the antibody level of Legionella infection of healthy people in Taiyuan]. PMID- 3228847 TI - [Study on the infectious state of legionella in Chinese soldiers]. PMID- 3228848 TI - [Epidemiological study on relationship between hepatitis B and liver cancer--a prospective study on development of liver cancer and distribution of HBsAg carriers and liver damage persons in Guangxi]. PMID- 3228846 TI - [Investigation of Legionella infection in patients with pneumonia in Jinan area]. PMID- 3228849 TI - [Case-control study on nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 3228850 TI - [Use of psychological personality inventory method in cancer epidemiological survey]. PMID- 3228851 TI - [The application of catalytic model on Toxoplasma infection in epidemiological survey]. PMID- 3228852 TI - [The application of the two-stage catalytic model in the epidemiology of paragonimiasis]. PMID- 3228853 TI - [A case-control study of high-risk factors in ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 3228854 TI - [Conversion of HBV serological marker carriers and its influential factors]. PMID- 3228855 TI - [A study of the correlation between 24-hour urinary sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, creatinine and blood pressure]. PMID- 3228856 TI - [A matched case-control study on risk factors for coronary heart diseases]. PMID- 3228857 TI - [A study on the safety of radiation sterilization for disposable medical plastic infusion pipeline]. PMID- 3228858 TI - Chronic bundle branch block and use of temporary transvenous pacemakers during coronary arteriography. AB - A retrospective analysis of 217 consecutive patients with chronic bundle branch blocks undergoing cardiac catheterization was done to evaluate the need for temporary transvenous pacing during coronary arteriography. In patients without temporary right ventricular pacemakers (n = 185), only one episode of high-grade atrioventricular block occurred during coronary arteriography which required the urgent use of temporary pacing. All other bradyarrhythmias, including five episodes of transient asystole (greater than 3-sec pause) and four episodes of atrioventricular block (second degree or higher) were successfully managed without pacemaker utilization. Patients with prophylactic right ventricular pacemakers (n = 32) had a greater prevalence of ventricular fibrillation than those without pacing electrodes located in the right ventricle (2% vs. 9% respectively; P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that routing prophylactic pacemaker insertion during coronary arteriography in patients with chronic bundle branch block is not warranted and may place the patient at risk for developing iatrogenic ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 3228859 TI - Percutaneous double balloon aortic valvuloplasty in an adult patient with calcific aortic stenosis and a Bjork-Shiley prosthetic mitral valve. AB - Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty is a new technique in interventional cardiology which to date has been applied successfully in the dilatation of all four cardiac valves. Although the different techniques appear to be quite effective, the safety of these procedures has not been fully explored. In particular, because of the close anatomic relationship of the aortic and mitral annuli, the safety of aortic valvuloplasty in patients with mitral valve prosthesis is unknown. Therefore, we report the applicability of a percutaneous double balloon valvuloplasty in an elderly patient with calcific aortic stenosis and a Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis. PMID- 3228860 TI - Unstable angina secondary to left main coronary thrombus extending from prosthetic aortic valve. AB - Embolic complications due to prosthetic heart valves are common. The present report documents a left main coronary artery thrombus extending from a Starr Edward's aortic ball valve prosthesis 22 years after its placement. It resulted in unstable angina and a small myocardial infarction. This rare complication illustrates the importance of adequate anticoagulation. PMID- 3228861 TI - Systolic and diastolic performance in normal human subjects as measured by ultrafast computed tomography. AB - Ultrafast computed tomography (ultrafast-CT) is a minimally invasive imaging modality with very short acquisition time and excellent anatomic definition. It shows promise of providing precise measurement of right and left ventricular volumes, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular diastolic function with a single test. We expand on the knowledge regarding normal humans by studying ten normal volunteers in the short axis. Cardiac volumes and mass (mean +/- 1 S.D.) were as follows: 1) left ventricle: end-diastolic volume index (ml/m2) = 61 +/- 15, end-systolic volume index (ml/m2) = 19 +/- 7, stroke volume index (ml/m2) = 43 +/- 9, cardiac index (liters/min/m2) = 2.7 +/- .5, ejection fraction (%) = 70 +/- 7, end-diastolic mass (g/m2) = 95 +/- 15; 2) right ventricle: end-diastolic volume index (ml/m2) = 76 +/- 19, end-systolic volume index (ml/m2) = 35 +/- 13, stroke volume index (ml/m2) = 40 +/- 8, cardiac index (liters/min/m2) = 2.6 +/- .5, ejection fraction (%) = 55 +/- 6. Stroke volume index differed by 1.6 +/- 2.0 ml/m2 between ventricles. Measurement of global and segmental left ventricular diastolic function revealed: 1) Peak filling rate (end-diastolic volumes/second): global = 2.29 +/- .40, base = 1.78 +/- .49, midventricle = 2.49 +/- .57, apex = 3.13 +/- .39 (P less than .001, base vs. apex; P less than .01, base vs. midventricle and midventricle vs. apex); 2) time to peak filling rate (msec): global = 193 +/- 24, base = 192 +/- 20, midventricle = 194 +/- 26, apex = 190 +/- 19 (P = NS between levels).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3228862 TI - Binding of heparin to human microvascular endothelial cells and the effect on proliferation. AB - We have studied the binding of 125I-heparin to human omental microvascular endothelial cells (HOME cells) and investigated its effect on cell proliferation. At 20 degrees C, the binding reached a steady state from 4 hours onwards. Saturation of 125I-heparin binding occurred at 200 nM. Scatchard analysis indicated one class of binding sites (KD = 0.023 microM, 2 X 10(-6) sites/cell). Using fractionated heparin and other sulfated polysaccharides it was demonstrated that the binding was dependent on the charge and the molecular weight of the compounds. The binding was followed by the partial internalization of the bound ligand (23.8%). Heparin and Stipocus Japonicus mucopolysaccharide (SJAMP) inhibited the proliferation of exponentially growing HOME cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE cells). However, serum-deprived HOME cells were not inhibited by heparin. PMID- 3228863 TI - Fluctuation in the intracellular concentration of Na+ and Cl- but not of K+ or Mg2+ at mitosis of the first cell cycle in fertilized sea urchin eggs. AB - This report concerns changes in the cytoplasmic concentration of Na+, Cl-, K+ and Mg2+ during the first cell cycle and into the second cell cycle of fertilized sea urchin eggs of Lytechinus variegatus. The results of electron probe x-ray microanalysis showed a significant equimolar decrease in Na+ and Cl- at the first cell division which was followed by a significant increase early in the second cell cycle. Neither K+ nor Mg2+ showed such significant changes. The loss of a large fraction of the Na+ ions from the egg at metaphase was not accompanied by a significant egg volume change. The observed pattern of ionic change was related to several previously reported chemical and metabolic changes at cell division in sea urchin eggs. PMID- 3228864 TI - Glutathione-S transferase activity in cultured human hepatocytes. AB - Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was measured in human hepatocytes just after isolation and during culture in various media. Individual variations in enzyme activity, using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate, were observed for freshly isolated human hepatocytes. When the hepatocytes were cultured, GST activity decreased dramatically during the first two days, to be stabilized around 30% of the initial value. Even factors known to favour maintenance of liver functions in vitro, such as nicotinamide and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), did not prevent this decline. In contrast to rat hepatocytes, no increase of GST activity was observed following the early decrease. PMID- 3228865 TI - Demethylation of satellite DNA sequences in the cell cultures of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. PMID- 3228866 TI - Target stimulation of developing visual neurites. PMID- 3228867 TI - [Promotion of conditions for good gynecologic practice within the regional framework]. PMID- 3228868 TI - [Is there a tendency for recurrent pregnancy failure?]. PMID- 3228869 TI - [Incidence of endometriosis based on data from 1969 to 1986]. PMID- 3228870 TI - [Factors affecting the mental status after hysterectomy]. PMID- 3228872 TI - [The perils of endometrial carcinoma]. PMID- 3228871 TI - [Gynecologic aspects of anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 3228873 TI - [The attitude of women toward planned parenthood and contraception]. PMID- 3228874 TI - [The surgical technic of ligation of the hypogastric artery]. PMID- 3228875 TI - [Pregnancy proteins in early pregnancy]. PMID- 3228877 TI - [Basic therapy in the final stages of malignant diseases of the female reproductive organs]. PMID- 3228876 TI - [Are we afraid of fathers in the delivery room?]. PMID- 3228878 TI - [Intrauterine fetal therapy]. PMID- 3228879 TI - [Experimental models of epileptic seizures]. PMID- 3228880 TI - [Monotherapy of epileptic seizures with carbamazepine and monitoring its blood levels]. PMID- 3228881 TI - [Migraine and the motor system]. PMID- 3228882 TI - [Calcification of the basal ganglia: clinico-roentgenologic correlation]. PMID- 3228883 TI - [Cerebral atrophy and hydrocephalus in adults. II. Clinical study]. PMID- 3228884 TI - [Infarcts of the nucleus of the 3d nerve]. PMID- 3228885 TI - Non-transmission of hepatitis B in an institution for the elderly. PMID- 3228887 TI - AIDS in Canada: incidence among women. PMID- 3228886 TI - Human listeriosis surveillance in Canada--1987. PMID- 3228888 TI - Severe malaria in France, 1986-1987. PMID- 3228889 TI - Dengue in the Americas. PMID- 3228890 TI - [Changes in the utilization of selected ambulatory health services by the elderly during a 5-year interval]. PMID- 3228891 TI - [A model for training leading health personnel]. PMID- 3228892 TI - [Psychosocial-medical problems in modern patients. I]. PMID- 3228893 TI - [Study of the effect of infectious diseases on work disability in personnel at the Comenius University Medical School in Bratislava]. PMID- 3228894 TI - [Circulating immune-complex of patients with cor pulmonale in acute stage]. PMID- 3228895 TI - [Salivary theophylline concentration as an indirect parameter to monitor plasma theophylline levels]. PMID- 3228896 TI - [The rule of changes in arterial blood gas in COPD patients with respiratory failure and efficacy of oxygen therapy]. PMID- 3228897 TI - [The clinical application of the time-constant histograms for forced expired volume signal analysis]. PMID- 3228898 TI - [The clinical manifestation of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 3228899 TI - [Clinical pathological analysis of 222 cases of necrotic carcinoma]. PMID- 3228901 TI - [Analysis of x-ray feature of selective bronchial arterography in 41 cases]. PMID- 3228900 TI - [The diagnostic value of CTscan in hidden lung cancer lesions of chest X-ray film]. PMID- 3228902 TI - [A comparison of therapeutic effectiveness between rifamdin-regimen and rifampicin-regimen in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3228903 TI - [The clinical observation on ceruloplasmin in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of tuberculous meningitis patients]. PMID- 3228904 TI - [A study on the distribution of fibronectin in pulmonary adenocarcinoma of mice]. PMID- 3228905 TI - [The effects of cigarette smoking on the activity of pulmonary macrophage]. PMID- 3228906 TI - [The multipotentiality in differentiation and heterogeneity of lung carcinoma cells: analysis of 62 cases of primary lung carcinoma]. PMID- 3228907 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of type 2 pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages in experimental silicosis]. PMID- 3228908 TI - [Pathological investigation of asbestosis complicated by mesothelioma: report of 4 cases]. PMID- 3228909 TI - [Pathologic observations on 12 cases of stage III silicosis]. PMID- 3228910 TI - [Canine model of respiratory distress syndrome induced by bone marrow extraction and pathological observation of the lung tissue]. PMID- 3228912 TI - [The generation of antimyoglobin serum and its use in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma]. PMID- 3228913 TI - [Immunohistological analysis of monoclonal antibody COC166-9 against primary ovarian epithelial cancer]. PMID- 3228911 TI - [The gene expression of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I in hepatocarcinogenesis]. PMID- 3228914 TI - [Pathological analysis in 37 cases on secondary myelofibrosis]. PMID- 3228915 TI - [Morphological changes of platelet in cholesterol-fed rabbits]. PMID- 3228916 TI - [Study on invasion of human amnion by malignant tumor cells]. PMID- 3228917 TI - [Cytologic diagnosis of primary intracranial tumors by smear technique: a preliminary report]. PMID- 3228919 TI - [Organization and management of nursing care for admission of a batch of burn patients]. PMID- 3228918 TI - [Experience in management of scientific researches on nursing]. PMID- 3228921 TI - [Care of children with intracranial hemorrhage caused by delayed vitamin K deficiency]. PMID- 3228920 TI - [Nursing for patients with chronic empyema treated by transplantation of pedicled omentum to thoracic cavity]. PMID- 3228922 TI - [Care of patients with dorsal and lumbar vertebra compression fracture treated by padding pill]. PMID- 3228923 TI - [Observation of patient's tongue presentation in clinical nursing]. PMID- 3228924 TI - [Prognostic factors in surgery of ruptured aneurysms of the abdominal aorta]. AB - From 1978 to 1986 83 patients underwent surgery for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. The intraoperative and post-operative mortality rates was 34%. This multivariant analysis has been performed with intention of identifying the specific factors that affected the surgical outcome of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. Increased intraoperative mortality rates were associated with heart disease, while postoperative mortality rates were associated with preoperative hypotension, BUN, levels higher than 40 mg/dl and other factors like duration of operation, blood less, blood transfusion and pre-operative hematocrit. PMID- 3228925 TI - [Clinical and endoscopic follow-up of gastrectomized patients Billroth II technic for benign pathology]. AB - A follow up was performed in 109 patients primarily undergone Billroth II resection for benign gastric or duodenal diseases to analyze mucosal changes, possibility of premalignant lesions and importance of causal factors in aetiology of gastric stump cancer. Moreover, clinical status and haematological parameters for nutritional assessment are examined to identify indicators of postgastrectomy sequelas. PMID- 3228926 TI - [Parietal infiltration of the superior vena cava during bronchogenic cancer: problems of treatment]. AB - One case of S.V.C.S. pas observed during surgery for cancer of lung, resection was performed and dacron graft was used. Possibilities of vascular graft in such cases, as well as peculiar situation of emergency which create the opportunity for insertion of synthetic graft were discussed. PMID- 3228927 TI - [Small size breast cancer conservative surgical therapy and subsequent radiotherapy]. AB - From february 1980 to december 1985, 115 breast carcinomas were treated with QU.A.RT. with limited surgery and following radiotherapy. Median age was 51 years (range 25 to 75). Surgical approach was quadrantectomy with axillary nodes dissection. Irradiation of residual breast was performed by an anterior high energy electron beam. 50 Gy in 25 fractions was the minimal dose to whole breast. In pN+ patients systemic adjuvant therapy was done. Local control was obtained in 111 cases. Local recurrence appeared in 4: 1 menopausal pT1 pNO and 3 premenopausal (1 pT1 pNO and 2 pT1 pN+) at respectively 31, 19, 22 months from diagnosis. Distant metastases appeared in 10 patients. 7 died for cancer and 3 are still alive. Cosmetic results were scored as good in 52, better than mastectomy in 26, unsatisfactory in 3, and not stated in 34. Our results are comparable to those of other Centers. Youth, axillary metastases and delay between surgery and radiotherapy appears to influence the risk of recurrence also in our series. PMID- 3228928 TI - [Bandage of the common femoral artery after intervention of disobliteration or aneurysmectomy (considerations on surgical technic apropos of 4 cases)]. AB - The Authors refer their surgical experience in those particular cases in which, after performing an aneurysmectomy or an endarterectomy of common femoral artery, the residual arterial wall appears too thin and weakened. In these not very rare cases, can be indicated, as an additional and prudent manoeuver in order to avoid a possible evolution towards suture disruption or pseudoaneurysm formation, the wrapping or banding of the endarterectomized tract of artery by the mean of dacron prosthesis, sutured around the artery longitudinally. This simple technique, performed in 4 patients, appears easy and safe to perform, offering the advantage to guarantee a biological arterial lumen. PMID- 3228929 TI - [Mallet finger: a method of treatment]. AB - The AA. present a good contribution to the Mallet Finger therapy: it consists in the fixation of the last interphalangea articulation in yperextension by K. wire in the phalanx soft tissues, completing the treatment with splint in extension. The outcomes of the cases with more than two years are examined. PMID- 3228931 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging of high anorectal malformations. A preliminary study apropos of 15 cases]. AB - High level ano-rectal anomalies were evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in 15 patients. One neonate and two infants were evaluated preoperatively. Sagittal slices identified properly the blind rectal end in the 3 cases. Associated anomalies (tethered spinal cord, right ectopic kidney in 1 case, recto urinary fistula in another case, upper excretory dilatation in 2 cases) were found during the same examination. In the post-operative period (12 cases), major data were obtained on axial transverse slices. When pulled-through intestine is outside the levator sling, re-do-surgery can be indicated. MRI appears as an accurate tool to assess these anomalies. PMID- 3228930 TI - [Vascular complications in pelvic injuries in children]. AB - Vascular injuries due to pelvic trauma are unusual in children. They resulted from important pelvic injuries with section of external iliac vessels, or of a contusion with thrombosis. These lesions required an angiography witch indications are = four or more units of blood transfusion within 24 hours, or a half blood mass in one hour. Truncal vessel lesions are associated with important pelvic fractures and associated lesions, requiring a surgical treatment. They are revealed by an important bleeding or an ischemia, and confirmed by an angiography. Indications for retroperitoneal hematomas are less important, but an important bleeding, with hypotension require an angiography and a selective embolization. Percutaneous transcatheter embolization is the procedure of choice for controlling massive pelvic retroperitoneal hemorrhage. We reported 14 cases of vascular injuries; 9 required a surgical treatment for a truncal vessel section and 3 were associated with important pelvic lesion; 5 large retroperitoneal hemorrhage were treated by selective embolisation. PMID- 3228932 TI - [Esophageal atresia in newborn infants weighing less than 2,000 grams. Apropos of 37 case reports]. AB - In a consecutive series of 275 infants with esophageal atresia seen at Saint Vincent-de-Paul's Hospital (Paris) between 1971 to 1987, the authors report the experience with 37 infants weighed under 2,000 g (13.45%). 19 had severe additional malformations (51.35%) and 10 (27%) had a respiratory distress syndrome. As Abrahamson in 1972 (3), Cozzi an Wilkinson in 1975 (4), Rickham in 1981 (5) reported, according to the criteria suggested in 1962 by Waterston (1), survival rate are related to additional congenital anomalies and initial respiratory distress (pulmonary dysmaturity or pneumonia) but seems more related to maturity (small-for-date babies) than to birth weight. The authors recommend to perform a primary division of the tracheo-esophageal fistula and end-to-end esophageal anastomosis whenever possible. PMID- 3228933 TI - [The posterior approach in the treatment of hydronephrosis in children. Apropos of 65 cases]. AB - The Simon posterior surgical approach to the kidney is excellent for pyeloplasty in children. The technique is reviewed and the advantages and limitation are discussed. This procedure has advantages of direct anatomic approach and excellent exposure of ureteropelvic area. In the newborn, the oral intake can be performed on the evening of surgery because there is no operative peritoneal mobilization. The posterior approach is especially recommended in simultaneous bilateral pyeloplasty. With transverse skin incision, a very cosmetic scar is obtained. PMID- 3228934 TI - [Avulsion fractures of the distal part of the radius with anterior displacement in children]. AB - The authors report 7 cases of fractures of the distal part of the radius, with a frontal displacement with children. This fracture is rare in pediatric traumatology. There is no particular type of mechanism that will provoke that fracture; in five cases the child was falling down on the palm of his hand and in two cases in a forced flexion. The problem about this fracture is the stability of the reduction. A proper function of the wrist is impossible with an imperfect result. The orthopedic treatment is often unable to stabilize the fracture. The authors need a surgical management using a plate type "Kerboull", put on the front part of the radius. They do not put the screws on the distal part of the plate to protect the epiphyseal plate. In only one case, they use Kirschner wires. The plates have been taken off one year later. The results are in all cases very good both functionally and anatomically. PMID- 3228935 TI - [Castleman's pseudotumor in children. Apropos of an unusual case]. AB - A case of abdominal pseudo-tumor of Castleman disease is reported in a nine year old boy. The patient is well without evidence of recurrence three years following resection. Castleman's disease is a benign disorder of lymph nodes that occurs rarely in children. Since the first description by Castleman in 1954, 286 other cases have been published and we could find only four cases in the 10 year and younger age group in the literature and only one case in the same group with anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia fever and weight loss. The management requires surgical resection of the enlarged nodes both for diagnosis and therapy, since the enlarged nodes can mimic malignant tumors of the lymphoid system. After surgical excision no recurrences have been reported. PMID- 3228936 TI - [The association of a dysplastic kidney with a single vaginal ectopic ureter and a homolateral genital abnormality in a girl. Comments based on 3 case reports]. AB - We recently treated one female infant and two young girls with coincidence of three anomalies: --hypoplastic ectopic kidney; --single vaginal ectopic ureter; - ipsilateral genital abnormality. Clinical presentation was lifelong wetting, "multicystic" kidney, urinary tract infection, or abdominal pain. The diagnostic studies include ultrasonography, excretory urography, cystography and vaginoscopic examination with retrograde catheterization, rarely radionuclide scanning. This study failed in two cases, with non visualization of the hypoplastic and dysplastic kidney, and diagnosis was done at laparotomy. Genital anomalies were unilateral hydrocolpos with uterus didelphys in one case, dilated or cystic Gartner's duct in the other two. The anomaly may be caused by a maldevelopment of the wolffian and mullerian ducts in early fetal life, between 5 and 6 weeks of gestation. A review of the literature revealed only 6 similar instances in childhood. The combination of lifelong wetting, pelvic mass or pain in girl with "solitary" kidney on excretory urography and ultrasonography should alert to this syndrome. Meticulous search for the hypoplastic kidney, the genital abnormality and the ectopic ureteral orifice are keys to early accurate diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3228937 TI - [An intracardiac needle without thoracic penetration]. AB - The authors report on the asymptomatic case of a child with intra cardiac needle, which was discovered after systematic pre operative X Ray chest film. Surgical removal of this foreign body could be performed before any of its possibly lethal complications (50%). PMID- 3228938 TI - [Priapism in a 13-year-old treated successfully with a double caverno-spongiosum anastomosis]. AB - The authors describe a case of a relapse priapism in a 13 year old boy, affected by a sickle cell crisis, successfully treated by a distal caverno-spongiosum anastomosis. They think, that surgical approach of priapism can prevent of fibrosis of the corpus cavernosum. But the recurrence of this affection depends only on the evolution of the primary disease. PMID- 3228939 TI - [Esophageal atresia associated with cystic duplication of the esophagus]. AB - A rare case of esophageal atresia associated with esophageal duplication cyst is reported. The cyst duplication was recognized and successfully resected at primary thoracotomy for repair of esophageal atresia. This case is believed to be the second reported instance where both lesions could be treated concomitantly at first thoracotomy. PMID- 3228940 TI - [The treatment of drooling in handicapped children. Observations apropos of 12 operated cases]. AB - The authors report their experience about the surgical treatment of drooling in handicapped children. They operated on twelve patients suffering from cerebral palsy, ranging from eleven to nineteen years of age. The procedure included the posterior rerouting of parotid ducts to the anterior pillars as in the Wilkie's operation but with tubularization of the mucosal flaps. The excision of the distal part of the submandibular duct on both sides was performed in a second operation, one to five years later in four patients, but in the initial operation for the last six cases. A successful control of drooling was reached in ten patients. But the two parts of the procedure are necessary to get a good result. The only first part is always insufficient as in the other two cases. There were few complications: one salivary cyst after rerouting of a parotid duct which required marsupialization, another one with spontaneous regression. Only one patient is complaining of feeling an excessive dryness of his mouth and lips. Other methods of treatment: physiotherapy and different kinds of surgical procedures are recalled. However, this series is too short to permit a valid conclusion and to define the place of the procedure in the treatment of drooling. PMID- 3228941 TI - [The role of total colonic electromyography in children in case of chronic constipation. Preliminary study]. AB - Since December 1987, the chirurgical pediatric team in Clermond-Ferrand performs total colonic electromyography in children. This examination is integrated into a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol for chronic constipation. We used an intraluminal probe supporting 10 groups of 3 ring electrodes. Inside the probe a lead pellet was placed opposite each electrode. The probe was inserted through the colon by colonoscopy into a starving child. The recording starts 24 hours later and is registered for 3 hours before and 3 hours after a meal. The aim of this work is to report the preliminary results of 6 electromyography in constipated children. PMID- 3228942 TI - [Disseminated osseous lymphangiomatosis. Apropos of 6 case reports]. AB - Following six cases of disseminated bone lymphangiomatosis, the problem of potential haemorrhagic complications in the patients evolution has been focused. Consumption coagulopathy associated there, must be taken into account in view of therapeutic choices and vital prognosis evaluation. PMID- 3228943 TI - [Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed prenatally. Apropos of a case]. AB - A case report of congenital embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the superior extremity (right shoulder) is described. This patient was the first and only child of a 24 year-old woman who had been previously treated for sterility. The diagnosis was done by echography during the 36 th week of gestation. This full term white boy was born by cesarean section in reason of tumor size. First he was treated surgically. Then, a cyclic chemotherapy (VAC) was performed. After 4 courses, local recurrence led to a second surgical excision followed by a new cyclic chemotherapy (IVA). The treatment had an acceptable tolerance. Seven months later the child is free disease alive. PMID- 3228944 TI - [Lower intestinal obstruction caused by a lactobezoar]. AB - Two case of the so-called "milk curd obstruction" syndrome are reported. Although seldom found elsewhere than in the stomach, more distal obstruction in the ileum or the transverse colon by milk curd aggregates may mimic more classical causes of obstruction if one is not aware of the possibility of such incident related to feeding. Appropriate interviewing of the mother about regimen and medications will be of great help, in investigating the cause of the abdominal disorder, obviating the need for surgical intervention if confirmed by radiopaque enema. PMID- 3228945 TI - [Errors in aiming in laser photocoagulation]. PMID- 3228946 TI - [Presentation of a case of malignant glaucoma after iridectomy using an argon laser]. PMID- 3228947 TI - [Cataract caused by laser Yag photosection of a vitreous floater]. PMID- 3228948 TI - [From a laser to a court of law: 4 possible ways]. PMID- 3228949 TI - [Retinal detachment after preventive treatment with an argon laser]. PMID- 3228950 TI - [Cystoid macular edema directly related to laser photocoagulation]. PMID- 3228951 TI - [Recurrent cystoid macular edema during photocoagulation in an aphakic female patient]. PMID- 3228952 TI - [Vitrectomy in diabetic patients. Study of 55 cases]. PMID- 3228953 TI - [Factors influencing the intraocular penetration of drugs]. PMID- 3228954 TI - [A case of vitreous amyloidosis]. PMID- 3228955 TI - [Preoperative visual prognosis of senile cataract. Value of Lotmar's visuometer]. PMID- 3228956 TI - [Fibronectin and corneal ulcer]. PMID- 3228957 TI - [Sympathetic ophthalmia: current clinical data apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 3228958 TI - The influence of additional information, advice and support on the success of breast feeding in working class primiparas. AB - A sample of 38 white working class primiparas intending to breast feed were alternately assigned to either an experimental or control group during the last trimester of pregnancy. All women were visited at home antenatally for a structured interview on their attitudes towards and information on breast feeding. The experimental group were visited twice before the birth, seen within the first 5 days in hospital, and visited immediately after they returned home, to enable the provision of information, advice and support regarding breast feeding. All women were seen again at 3 months postpartum. There was a significant difference between the two groups in level of breast feeding success, and explanations for this effect are put forward in terms of the experimental intervention components. PMID- 3228959 TI - The value of a neuropsychiatric examination of children with complex severe epilepsy. AB - The feasibility and utility of a neuropsychiatric assessment in a cohort of severely impaired children with long-standing epilepsy (n = 96) is tested. This assessment is described, and some results reported in this highly selected group. Substantial difficulties in coordination were present in nearly three-quarters of the sample, and dysarthria identified in two-thirds. Psychiatric interviewing identified cases of mood disturbance that altered overall treatment of that child, and a more systematic behavioural assessment permitted clearer management of behavioural problems already known to staff. This research supports previous findings that a full neuropsychiatric evaluation is both practical and has an important place in the early assessment and ongoing management of complex childhood epilepsy. PMID- 3228960 TI - The effects of a tactile stimulation/range-finding programme on the development of very low birth weight infants during initial hospitalization. AB - During 1984 and 1985, after their referral to the intermediate care nursery, 51 healthy very low birth weight infants were subjected to a tactile stimulation programme imitating the spatial limitation which occurs towards the end of gestation. The sensory motor development of the study group was compared with the development of a control group during initial hospitalization. The study and control group differed significantly in the neonatal period after completion of the programme. The study group showed better auditive responses (P less than 0.02), more variations in hand movements (P less than 0.01), less hypotony (P less than 0.02), more sucking (P less than 0.02), and less bradycardia and apnoea (P less than 0.01). PMID- 3228961 TI - Behaviour modification in the treatment of sleep problems occurring in young children: a controlled trial using health visitors as therapists. AB - A controlled trial of behaviour modification in the treatment of sleep problems is described. The subjects were 51 children aged 4 months to 4 1/2 years (mean 20 months) recruited from the community by health visitors (specialist nurses based in the community). In the experimental procedure health visitors were trained and supported in the use of behaviour modification. At 6 months follow-up both control and experimental groups showed equally marked improvement. Reasons for the failure to demonstrate an effect are discussed. PMID- 3228962 TI - Concepts of death, illness and isolation found in children with leukaemia. AB - In 1985 Lansdown and Benjamin published a study on the development of the concept of death in healthy children. The study reported here uses the same methodology but reports on the concepts of death of 21 children with leukaemia between 4 and 9 years of age. The leukaemic children's conceptual development was not overall significantly different from that of the healthy children although there were some differences in content. Two further areas were studied. The first was children's ideas about the causes of illness, in which the widely postulated notion of immanent justice was not found to be common. The second was an analysis of drawings of children's families which suggested that sick children perceive themselves to be isolated in hospital. PMID- 3228963 TI - Reasons for non-attendance at a child guidance clinic. AB - A consecutive group of children (n = 19) referred to a child guidance clinic who failed to attend an initial interview were followed-up. These 'non-attenders' did not differ from a matched group of 'attenders' with respect to duration or nature of their problems, waiting period for the appointment, type of referring agencies or socio-demographic variables, but were more likely to be living with their natural parents. Disinclination among the parents was the main reason for absenteeism and could be related to ignorance about the clinic. The problems leading to referral persisted in most cases and had not received further treatment. PMID- 3228964 TI - Obesity management via diet and exercise intervention. AB - To assess the effects of exercise and diet on obese prepubertal children, a group of subjects embarked upon a 16-week exercise programme designed to improve body composition parameters and physical fitness. This was complemented by dietary counselling and nutrition education. Subjects comprising the experimental group (n = 10) on average lost body weight, reduced the sum of four skinfold measures (P less than 0.001) and in addition, noticed a reduction in body circumference measures whilst preserving or increasing lean body mass. In contrast, there was an increase in all measures for the control group (n = 10). The present study highlights the effectiveness of an exercise programme initiated as a function of an obesity clinic in association with a home programme. An interrelated approach to weight control in obese children should include exercise, diet and behaviour modification with appropriate guidance and follow-up. PMID- 3228965 TI - Decreasing gestational age and birthweight in spastic diplegia. AB - Over a 4-year period a significant fall occurred in the mean birthweight and mean gestational age of prematurely born children who subsequently developed spastic diplegia. This coincided with a considerable improvement in perinatal mortality in the unit in which they were delivered. However, although the number of premature deliveries remained stable, the disorder did not become less common. No specific aetiological factors were identified, but the 24 affected children frequently had a history of adverse prenatal or perinatal factors. We conclude that high standards of obstetric and neonatal care prevent the subsequent development of spastic diplegia in low birthweight infants. However, these factors have also improved the survival of very low birthweight infants who have a much higher risk for the disorder and this has prevented a significant reduction in its frequency. PMID- 3228966 TI - Bifocal contact lenses. PMID- 3228967 TI - Contact lens tracking software. PMID- 3228968 TI - IOL power calculator. PMID- 3228969 TI - Software review: Dioptimum. AB - BEST FEATURES: The software screens all preoperative measurements to detect those likely to be in error. This data screening function is based on statistical analysis of the distribution of eye measurements within the human population. If measurements are input that are far from the average value, the program will identify those cases with a message on the screen and a large warning sign. Nevertheless, the program will perform the requested lens power calculations. The program will also compare measurements between right and left eyes, if both are entered, and a test is performed on the asymmetry between the eyes. WORST FEATURES: The lack of a written owner's manual is probably the most glaring defect of the program, even though most of the important information is present on a disk. Only users familiar with running software programs will be able to easily obtain the data. The program can be installed on a hard disk only two times. For physicians with multiple offices or multiple computers that are not on line, this is a significant handicap. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Two floppy disk drives, 256K RAM and printer, DOS 3.0 or higher are required. One floppy drive plus a hard drive can also be used. The program will run a TTL monochrome or color monitor but the type of color monitor is not specified. LIST PRICE: $495 COPY PROTECTION: Yes USER SUPPORT: 800 number available EASE OF USE: Good ON SCREEN HELP: Yes CONSUMER VALUE: Very expensive PERFORMANCE: Excellent PUBLISHED BY: Storz Ophthalmics, Inc. 1365 Hamlet Avenue Clearwater, FL 34616 (818)-443 2606 or (800)-237-5906 A defective disk can be returned for replacement at no charge within 1 year of the date of purchase. Beyond that date, disks can be replaced at a cost of $10.00. In summary, this is a very well thought out software program for calculating and printing IOL powers using a second generation lens implant power formula. With appropriate written documentation, the program will become extremely easy to use, even for novices. Because it is so simple to use, surgeons will continually update their personalized surgeon factors and patient data in order to provide patients with the best possible refractive results. A discussion of the use of the Holladay formula in comparison to other formulas is found in reference 2. PMID- 3228970 TI - Contact lenses in the visual correction of keratoconus. AB - A two and one-half year (April 1985-October 1987) retrospective review of all newly referred keratoconus patients was performed to determine the treatment regimen of previously diagnosed "contact lens failures." The records of 48 patients (average age 32 +/- 9.0 years; 24 males, 24 females) were reviewed. Thirty-nine patients had been diagnosed as "contact lens failures" and referred for surgical intervention. Of these 39 patients, seven eyes were excluded from evaluation (four with prior grafts, two cases of unilateral keratoconus, and one with a dense central scar). Of the remaining 71 eyes, 57 (80%) (average keratometry 50.7 +/- 5.1 D, range 43-73) were successfully refit with contact lenses. All obtained a daily wearing time of 12 hours or more and a visual acuity of 20/40 or better--with 87% realizing 20/30 or better. The data suggest that the vast majority of keratoconus patients previously thought to be contact lens intolerant can be successfully refit and achieve excellent visual acuity and prolonged wearing times. PMID- 3228972 TI - How to plan and write a scientific paper: I. Preparation. AB - A number of steps precede the publication of a scientific paper. First comes an idea, which is researched in the library to determine what other investigators have found. Second, one's own research is conducted and written up in a format selected to match the characteristics of the research and the requirements of the journal chosen for initial submission. Third, the written paper is reviewed by the journal to ensure accuracy, justify publication, and establish the value of the research and its contribution to current knowledge. Fourth, the manuscript is revised in order to correct, clarify, and include suggestions of the reviewers. Finally, the journal disseminates the information to an interested readership. A careful approach to each of these steps enhances the likelihood of publication; but, more important, it provides a basis for critical analysis of the research. The first part of this two-part paper will explore what needs to be done before the paper is written. PMID- 3228971 TI - Corneal sensitivity and topogometry in keratoconus. AB - Paracentral corneal topography was determined (with a topogometer) and corneal sensitivity was measured in 90 keratoconic eyes. Sensitivity was evaluated in a control group and found to be greater in all five sectors than the sensitivity found in keratoconus patients. The zone of marked corneal steepening was located infero-temporally in 59% of our patients, although steepening was found in other zones as well. Overall, sensitivity was greatest in the temporal cornea and lowest in the inferior cornea, this hypoesthesia coinciding with the area of pronounced corneal protrusion. Corneal sensitivity, which was diminished in contact lens wearers, recovered within 7 days after discontinuing contact lens wear. PMID- 3228973 TI - Oral dissolution of gallstones. PMID- 3228974 TI - Hypercholesterolemia: roles of the physician and registered dietitian. PMID- 3228975 TI - Evaluation of the patient with syncope. PMID- 3228976 TI - Cytoreduction in ovarian cancer: worth the risk? PMID- 3228977 TI - Outcome of primary cytoreduction surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3228978 TI - Re: Nocturnal diaphoresis and coronary artery spasm. PMID- 3228979 TI - Allelic polymorphism of human placental alkaline phosphatase in three races: sugar chain heterogeneities. PMID- 3228980 TI - Alteration of serum cholinesterase isozyme in patients with liver cirrhosis. PMID- 3228981 TI - Stability of ferritin following solid-state enzymatic radioiodination. PMID- 3228982 TI - Serum noncholesterol sterols related to cholesterol metabolism in familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Serum cholesterol precursor levels and plant sterol were related to parameters of cholesterol metabolism in 22 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The serum levels of cholesterol precursor sterols were inversely related to fractional absorption of dietary cholesterol and subsequently positively to overall cholesterol synthesis. The serum plant sterol levels, on the contrary, were significantly associated with fractional cholesterol absorption and negatively with overall cholesterol synthesis. These results were confirmed also with multivariate analyses. Fecal lanosterol, a cholesterol precursor, was related positively to cholesterol synthesis measured by sterol balance and serum precursors and negatively to serum plant sterols. The serum precursor and plant sterol levels were inversely significantly related to each other, indicating that the higher cholesterol absorption efficiency the higher are the serum plant sterol levels and the lower the precursor sterol contents and the overall cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 3228984 TI - Thermostability of human serum biotinidase activity. PMID- 3228983 TI - Sodium-lithium countertransport activity and its sensitivity to inhibitors with erythrocyte ageing in man. AB - Sodium-lithium countertransport is believed to depend on a specific protein and since such proteins usually decline with erythrocyte age it would be expected to be reduced in older cells. In fact, sodium-lithium countertransport increased with ageing, whereas the rate constant of the sodium pump decreased. The increase in sodium-lithium countertransport with erythrocyte ageing was due to a phloretin insensitive component that was not present in young erythrocytes. Raised sodium lithium countertransport in patients with essential hypertension was due mainly to an increased phloretin sensitive component but the phloretin insensitive component was also higher in middle aged erythrocytes. Amiloride had no effect upon sodium-lithium countertransport or unidirectional sodium influx in cells of any age. This suggests that sodium-lithium countertransport is not a mode of action of the sodium-proton exchanger in the erythrocyte. PMID- 3228985 TI - What you have to do to become an ENT senior registrar. PMID- 3228986 TI - Superselective embolization for intractable epistaxis: experiences with 19 patients. AB - Twenty-eight patients with intractable nose-bleeds were treated with either superselective embolization and/or surgery between 1983 and 1986. The follow-up time ranged between 6 months and 3 years. The results for the 2 groups were similar. The success rate for embolization was 74% and that for surgery 65%. Complications however, were more frequent after embolization, (i.e. facial nerve paralysis, soft tissue necrosis). Surgery is recommended as the treatment of choice in intractable nose-bleeds, until therapeutic embolization techniques have been further refined and the complication rate reduced. PMID- 3228987 TI - The fasciaform graft: a technique for the repair of large perforations of the tympanic membrane. AB - Our experience with the fasciaform graft, designed specifically for the repair of subtotal or total perforations of the tympanic membrane, is presented. The technique which utilizes a total tympanic graft of formalized autologous temporalis fascia is described in detail. We have employed this method in 29 patients with total closure of the defect being achieved in 93% of cases. The fasciaform graft is therefore recommended as a successful method of repair for subtotal and total perforations of the tympanic membrane for which the conventional grafting techniques currently available are much less effective. PMID- 3228988 TI - Functional and morphological pathology of the nasal mucosa after x-ray irradiation. AB - In our present study we examined the pathology of the nasal mucociliary system after x-ray irradiation in an animal model namely the rabbit. A reduced ciliary activity was observed immediately after the irradiation and did not show any recovery during our observation. No ciliary activity was seen in the nasal mucosa 8 weeks after the irradiation. Morphologically, hypersecretion of goblet cells was observed immediately after irradiation. Cytoplasmic vacuolation and nuclear pyknosis of ciliated cells started after irradiation, and sloughing of ciliated cells was observed for up to 3 weeks. Epithelial metaplasia started from 4 weeks, and no cilia were seen in the nasal mucosa and the surface of the epithelium was covered with flat squamous cells. Our present study shows that x-ray irradiation has serious influence on the function and structure of the nasal mucociliary system and that recovery from degeneration due to x-ray irradiation cannot be expected within several weeks. PMID- 3228989 TI - T3N0M0 glottic carcinoma--a pathologic analysis of 41 patients treated surgically following radiotherapy. AB - Forty-one patients undergoing surgery for recurrent or residual tumour following radical radiotherapy for T3N0M0 glottic carcinoma had their larynges evaluated pathologically by whole organ laryngeal sectioning. All patients had been staged initially as T3N0M0 glottic carcinoma and treated according to a protocol of radical radiotherapy (50-55 Gy in 4-5 weeks) with surgery reserved for radiation failure. Seventeen of the 41 patients died as a result of locoregional or distant recurrence or complications following surgery. Twenty-four patients were either alive or dead with intercurrent disease. Pathologic staging demonstrated 58% of these tumours to be rpT4, 29% rpT3 and the remainder rpT0-2. The incidence of major cartilage invasion, vascular or perineural invasion, and subglottic extension greater than 15 mm was more frequent in patients with locoregional recurrence than in patients without recurrence. The presence of these pathologic features had a positive predictive value of 0.78 in relation to probability of locoregional failure. In addition, there was a significant difference in the frequency of these pathologic features between patients with and without locoregional recurrence (P less than 0.001). The frequency of positive margins (19%) and pattern of involvement are described. The incidence of occult nodes (0%) in patients undergoing neck dissection is presented. The frequency (23%) and pattern of osteo-chondroradionecrosis are also described. The patterns of growth and spread observed were similar to those described previously. The importance of performing wide surgical resections in patients with recurrence following radiotherapy is emphasized. PMID- 3228990 TI - An evaluation of topical anaesthesia for myringotomy. AB - The relative efficiency of 2 topical anaesthetic agents in controlling the pain arising from myringotomy and grommet insertion has been assessed by a prospective, single blind controlled trial. The 2 anaesthetics were 5% cocaine and a new lignocaine and prilocaine mixture named Emla. Following a standardized anaesthetic procedure the pain arising from myringotomy, aspiration of the middle ear and subsequent insertion of a grommet was recorded by the patient on a linear analogue scale. A multivariate analysis was performed to assess the factors which significantly affected the pain levels. Only the type of anaesthetic used played a major role, with Emla giving significantly better anaesthesia than cocaine. PMID- 3228991 TI - Experience with a new topical anaesthetic in otology. AB - Producing good local anaesthesia of the external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane has always been a difficult problem facing otologists. Previously used methods are mentioned and the use of a new eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) for electrocochleography, myringotomy and grommet insertion in adults and older children is described. A double-blind controlled trial involving 15 patients (30 ears) undergoing electrocochleography showed EMLA to be a very effective, safe and convenient preparation for outpatient otological use. PMID- 3228992 TI - Local versus general anaesthetic in the management of the fractured nose. AB - Displaced fractured noses are usually manipulated under general anesthetic. The appearances of fractured noses were assessed and the airways measured by rhinomanometry before and after nasal manipulation in 29 patients. Seventeen received a local anaesthetic (LA) and 12 a general anaesthetic (GA) for the manipulation. Patients were generally pleased with the outcome and there were no significant differences between results in the 2 groups. Bony manipulation did not affect the nasal airway. Local anaesthesia was acceptable to all but one patient. The benefits, including those of cost and safety, of local anaesthetic for manipulation of almost all fractured noses are discussed. PMID- 3228993 TI - The prevention of tympanic membrane perforation following the removal of long term Paparella type II ventilation tubes. PMID- 3228994 TI - Trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB) for tinnitus and hearing loss. PMID- 3228995 TI - Globus sensation is not due to gastro-oesophageal reflux. PMID- 3228996 TI - Ataxia-without-telangiectasia in two sisters with rearrangements of chromosomes 7 and 14. AB - Two sisters, 11 and 9 years old respectively, had the clinical features of a progressive neurological disorder similar to the ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) syndrome. The two patients have ataxia and chromosome instability with rearrangements of chromosomes 7 and 14 but no telangiectasia, nor the range of immunological anomalies typical of AT. Comparison with similar cases from the literature leads to the conclusion that either there is a specific disorder characterized by ataxia-without-telangiectasia and with the same cytogenetic pattern of AT, or AT shows a wider variability of phenotypic expression than thought before. PMID- 3228997 TI - Clinical features in a de novo interstitial deletion 15q13 to q15. AB - A boy with several dysmorphic features and suffering from mental and motor retardation was found to have a de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 15, involving bands q13 to q15. His clinical picture is described and compared with the clinical features reported in other deletions of this chromosome, located or extending distally from the region associated with Prader-Willi syndrome. PMID- 3228998 TI - A new type of muscular dystrophy in two brothers: analysis by use of DNA probes suggests autosomal recessive inheritance. AB - X-chromosome-specific DNA probes were used to study a new type of muscular dystrophy (MD) presented by two boys in a family in which there was no previous history neuromuscular disease. Clinical investigations showed evidence of myogenic myopathyia, but its exact nature could not be established. The results of the DNA analysis exclude DMD, BMD and EMD. We suggest a probable autosomal recessive inheritance for the MD seen in this family. PMID- 3228999 TI - Complex chromosome rearrangements involving chromosomes 1;3 and 2;3 in two abnormal children. AB - Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCR) involving multiple breaks in two chromosomes are rare. The detection of a four-break apparently balanced rearrangement involving chromosomes 1 and 3 in a child with developmental delay led us to reanalyse, using prometaphase banding, another complex two-chromosome rearrangement in a previously reported case (Fitzgerald 1974). The relationship between clinical abnormalities and apparently balanced rearrangements is discussed. PMID- 3229000 TI - Fertility and X-chromosome rearrangements: isodicentric X-chromosome formation in the mother and Xp deletion in her daughter. AB - In the present paper we report the first example of fertility in a female with isodicentric X-formation and karyotype 45,X/46,X,del(X)(pter--- p21.3)/46,X,idic(X)(qter----p21.3::p21.3- ---qter). Her daughter was phenotypically almost normal and presented a 46,X,del(X)(pter----p21.3) karyotype in all examined cells. PMID- 3229001 TI - X-linked recessive inheritance of an orofaciodigital syndrome with partial expression in females and survival of affected males. AB - We describe a family with clinical features of orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome type 2 or Mohr syndrome, X-linked recessive inheritance and survival of affected males which has not previously been reported. Four affected males in three generations have survived into infancy and two female heterozygotes have very mild expression. Foetal ultrasonography enabled antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 3229002 TI - Homozygosity for the transthyretin-met30-gene in two Swedish sibs with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. AB - Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder. Recent biochemical studies have revealed that amyloid protein in FAP of Japanese, Swedish and Portuguese origin mainly consists of a variant transthyretin (TTR) (formerly called prealbumin) with one amino acid substitution of methionine for valine at position 30. In a 56-year-old man with typical polyneuropathy, gastrointestinal problems and vitreous amyloid, we diagnosed homozygosity for the TTR-met30-gene using RFLP analysis. In a family study, a sister presented the same homozygous RFLP pattern; however, in a careful clinical investigation we were not able to demonstrate any of the typical symptoms of FAP, nor could we demonstrate amyloid deposits in a biopsy skin specimen. This is the first report of homozygosity for the TTR-met30-gene, and it shows that the mutation of the protein involved in amyloid formation may be necessary but is clearly not sufficient for the clinical symptoms. PMID- 3229003 TI - Consanguineous marriages in the Turkish population. AB - This study of 55,175 marriages in Turkey, conducted from 1970 to 1987, showed an overall rate of consanguineous marriage of 21.21% (mostly first-cousin liaisons) and an inbreeding coefficient of 0.0064532. However, considerable differences between areas are apparent. PMID- 3229004 TI - Feto-placental discrepancy on direct chromosomal preparation from chorionic villus sampling of the second trimester. PMID- 3229005 TI - Inhibition of alpha-tocopherol and calcium calmodulin-stimulated phosphodiesterase activity in vitro by anthracyclines. AB - 1. The inhibition of alpha-tocopherol and calmodulin-stimulated phosphodiesterase activities was investigated in vitro. 2. Anthracyclines--doxorubicin, daunorubicin and aclacinomycin--inhibited calcium calmodulin-stimulated cyclic 3',5'-AMP (cAMP) nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC. 3.1.4-17) activity (IC50 = 33.00 +/- 3.50-36.50 +/- 2.75 mumol/l). The stimulation of this enzyme by alpha tocopherol was also inhibited by doxorubicin (IC50 = 18.50 +/- 4.00 mumol/l). 3. The anthracycline-induced inhibition of the calcium calmodulin and alpha tocopherol-stimulated phosphodiesterase activity was competitive with calmodulin and alpha-tocopherol respectively. Increasing the concentration of the substrate, cAMP or calcium ions did not attenuate the drug-induced inhibition. The basal activity of the enzyme was not inhibited by concentration of doxorubicin up to 50 mumol/l. 4. In vivo, single dose drug distribution studies of the fluorescence of doxorubicin indicate that in the heart after a cardiotoxic dose (20 mg/kg), myocardial concentrations were achieved which could cause 70-80% inhibition of this phosphodiesterase enzyme. 5. Inhibition of calmodulin function by anthracyclines via direct interaction with calmodulin may contribute significantly to the effects of anthracyclines, such as disturbance in calcium homeostasis as well as acute and chronic deleterious effects on the myocardium. The action of alpha-tocopherol to bind or complex anthracycline may in part contribute to its protection against anthracycline-induced membrane damage and cardiotoxicity. PMID- 3229006 TI - Studies on the specificity of the inhibitory action of N,N-diisopropyl-N'-isoamyl N'-diethylaminoethylurea (P-286) on adrenal catecholamine release in the anaesthetized rat. AB - 1. The ability of P-286 (N,N-diisopropyl-N'-isoamyl-N'-diethylaminoethylurea) to reduce selectively the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla has been studied in urethane-anaesthetized rats. 2. Pressor responses to acetylcholine (Ach) and the nicotinic receptor-agonist 1,4 dimethylphenylpiperazine (DMPP) in rats treated with atropine, (+/-)-propranolol and guanethidine were used as the index of adrenal catecholamine release. 3. The injection of P-286 (1-10 mg/kg, i.v.) elicited a dose-dependent bradycardia which was associated with hypotension. P-286 reduced pressor responses to Ach and DMPP in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 2.5 mg/kg and, following near complete blockade, pressor responses to DMPP returned to 50% of control after 90 min. 4. In non-atropinized rats, P-286 (30 mg/kg, i.v.) was without effect on the bradycardic responses elicited by stimulation of the right vagus nerve at frequencies of 5-40 Hz while pressor responses to DMPP in bilaterally adrenalectomized, non-guanethidine treated rats were reduced by approximately 50% after P-286 (10 mg/kg, i.v.). 5. The latter effect of P-286 on responses to DMPP in adrenalectomized rats cannot be attributed to ganglionic blockade since in rats with intact adrenals P-286 (10 mg/kg, i.v.) also reduced pressor responses to i.v. adrenaline and i.v. angiotensin II by approximately 50%. Thus the reduction in response to DMPP in adrenalectomized rats and to the non-nicotinic agonists may be a reflection of an action on the mechanism of contraction of vascular smooth muscle; that is, at a post-receptor event. 6. The results of the study show that P-286 selectively reduces adrenal catecholamine release at doses which do not affect autonomic ganglia. Its usefulness as a tool in cardiovascular research, however, may be limited by an action of vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 3229007 TI - Disposition of phenytoin and phenobarbitone in the isolated perfused human placenta. AB - 1. The disposition of the anti-epileptic agents phenytoin (PHT) and phenobarbitone (PB) was investigated in lobules of term human placentae perfused using separate maternal and fetal circulations for 6 h periods. 2. No evidence for metabolism of PHT or PB to their p-hydroxylated or other derivatives was found either in perfused lobules or by incubation with placental microsomes. 3. Both PHT and PB were readily transferred across the placenta after administration to either the maternal or fetal perfusates. 4. PHT, unlike PB, showed considerable accumulation in placental tissue. PMID- 3229008 TI - Markers of physical integrity and metabolic viability of the perfused human placental lobule. AB - 1. Peripheral lobules of term placentae obtained from healthy females at Caesarian section were perfused using separate maternal and fetal circulations for 6 h periods under either oxygenated or anoxic conditions. 2. Markers of physical integrity during setting-up and initial perfusion were establishment of dual perfusion within 25 min of placental delivery, pressure in the fetal capillary network less than 40 mmHg, leakage of perfusate from fetal to maternal compartments less than or equal to 2 ml/h, and overlap of maternal with fetal perfusion as indicated visually by appropriate blanching and verified by a fetal artery to vein oxygen gradient of greater than or equal to 90 mmHg. 3. Post perfusion markers of metabolic viability were most reliably indicated by glucose consumption (oxygenated 7.8 +/- 1.5, anoxic 17.7 +/- 1.2 mmol/kg per h), lactate production (oxygenated 8.5 +/- 1.4, anoxic 33.9 +/- 2.5 mmol/kg per h) and human placental lactogen production (oxygenated 41.2 +/- 9.8, anoxic 12.2 +/- 3.4 mg/kg per h). PMID- 3229009 TI - Effect of pH on vasopressin-induced water permeability in collecting ducts of isolated rat papillae. AB - 1. The effects of basolateral and luminal pH on diffusional water permeability of microperfused collecting ducts of isolated rat papillae were examined in the presence and absence of vasopressin at two concentrations. 2. In the absence of vasopressin, collecting duct diffusional water permeabilities did not differ when the pH of the luminal fluid was varied. Similarly, in the absence of vasopressin, collecting duct diffusional water permeabilities did not differ when the bath pH was varied. 3. In the presence of 50 microU/ml vasopressin, increases in diffusional water permeability of collecting ducts perfused with solutions at pH 5.0, 7.4 or 9.0 did not differ significantly. Similarly, increases in diffusional water permeability induced by 200 microU/ml vasopressin were not different when collecting ducts were perfused with solutions at pH 5.0, 7.4 or 9.0. 4. The presence of vasopressin (50 microU/ml) in the bathing medium at pH 6.4, 7.4 and 8.4 induced increments in diffusional water permeability of 0.40 +/- 0.21 (n = 14, P greater than 0.05), 1.56 +/- 0.27 (n = 27, P less than 0.001) and 1.67 +/- 0.24 (n = 12, P less than 0.001) microns/s, respectively. The increment in water permeability at pH 6.4 was significantly less than that at pH 7.4 (P less than 0.001). 5. The presence of vasopressin (200 microU/ml) in the bathing medium at pH 6.4, 7.4 and 8.4 induced increments in diffusional water permeability of 2.16 +/- 0.54 (n = 9, P less than 0.01), 2.55 +/- 0.51 (n = 17, P less than 0.001) and 0.98 +/- 0.34 (n = 11, P less than 0.05) microns/s respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229010 TI - Mineralocorticoids are not involved in the antihypertensive effect of neonatal thymectomy in the genetically hypertensive LH rat. AB - 1. In order to determine whether the antihypertensive effect of neonatal thymectomy in genetically hypertensive rats could be mediated through altered adrenal function, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urinary excretion of deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B) and aldosterone were measured in thymectomized hypertensive (LH), normotensive (LN) and low-blood pressure (LL) rats of the Lyon strain. Sham-operated animals served as controls. 2. Neonatal thymectomy prevented the spontaneous increase of SBP in LH rats while it slightly decreased the SBP of LN and did not change that of LL rats. 3. Five week old sham operated LH rats exhibited an increased urinary excretion of DOC and a decreased excretion of B compared with both LN and LL controls. Thymectomy did not alter the urinary excretion of adrenal steroids in LN and LL rats. The urinary excretion of B was markedly enhanced in thymectomized LH rats whereas that of DOC remained unmodified. 4. These data suggested that the thymus could be involved in the development of hypertension in LH rats. 5. The antihypertensive effect of thymectomy did not seem to be mediated by a decreased mineralocorticoid production in the genetically hypertensive rat of the Lyon strain. PMID- 3229011 TI - Interaction between phenytoin and theophylline in healthy volunteers. AB - 1. The effect of phenytoin, 100 mg thrice daily for 3 weeks, on theophylline disposition was studied in eight healthy volunteers. 2. The anticonvulsant significantly reduced the half-life of theophylline and this was associated with an increase in the rate of theophylline clearance. The volume of distribution was not significantly altered. 3. There was no correlation between initial theophylline clearance and its percentage increase after phenytoin pretreatment. 4. Coefficients of variation in theophylline clearance before and after phenytoin pretreatment were similar. 5. It is suggested that phenytoin induces theophylline metabolism, that initial theophylline metabolism is not a determinant of the extent of such induction, and that there is a similar potential for induction among healthy volunteers. PMID- 3229012 TI - Oxidation phenotyping in Chinese and Malay populations. AB - 1. Debrisoquine hydroxylation phenotyping was carried out in 97 Chinese and 97 Malay healthy volunteers. 2. No poor metabolizer was found in the Chinese population. Using a metabolic ratio antimode of 10.0, two poor metabolizers were present amongst the Malays studied. PMID- 3229013 TI - Dermatologic therapy I. PMID- 3229014 TI - The use and abuse of 0.05 per cent clobetasol propionate in dermatology. AB - In conclusion, there can be no doubt that CP is a remarkable local steroid with potency greater than anything previously available to the dermatologist. It may be useful for short-term (less than 2 weeks) and intermittent treatment of widespread inflammatory dermatoses. It is excellent for treating some stubborn localized inflammatory dermatoses before moving on to more dilute preparations. When prescribing CP, it is important to warn the patient of common side effects, such as atrophy and striae, and to instruct the patient carefully in its use, mentioning body areas that should be spared its application. CP should not be applied to flexural, scrotal, or, with a few exceptions such as discoid lupus erythematosus and actinic reticuloid, facial skin. Its use is contraindicated in infants, toddlers, and children under 12 years of age. In addition, adult patients must be told never to use more than 50 gm per week (the manufacturer's recommendation). The prescribing physician must monitor and regularly review the amount used per unit time. Treatment with CP beyond 2 weeks is not recommended in the product information on CP listed in the Physicians' Desk Reference (1988). Those few patients taking CP for a long period should be managed as though they are on systemic steroids. Episodes of acute stress, such as surgery and intercurrent infection, should be managed with supplemental, if necessary parenteral, glucocorticoid administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229015 TI - Tips from the experts. AB - Experienced dermatologic therapists share therapeutic pearls they have found valuable in their own practices. These helpful, often ingenious, suggestions cover a wide range of dermatologic conditions. PMID- 3229017 TI - Hypertension and stress. AB - This study explores the relationship of chronic stress to hypertension. The study included 127 hospitalized and 134 outpatients of a stress treatment program and 129 "normal" persons in the general population. All subjects were matched for age, sex, and race. After three days of hospitalization, there was a 17.3% incidence of hypertension in the hospitalized patients when hypertension was defined as blood pressure levels greater than 140/90 mmHg. These data compare with a 5% and 13% incidence of hypertension in the outpatient stress and "normal" groups, respectively. The National Health Survey of 1962 indicated that 18% of the population were hypertensive. Our data indicate that the incidence of hypertension was no greater in a diagnostically established group of hospitalized stress patients than in the less stressed outpatient or an otherwise "normal" group. The frequently expressed notion that tension and chronic stress predispose a population to essential hypertension is not confirmed by this analysis. PMID- 3229016 TI - The effects of grapefruit pectin on patients at risk for coronary heart disease without altering diet or lifestyle. AB - Dietary intake of cholesterol has been linked to coronary heart disease. The effect of grapefruit pectin (Citrus paradisi) on plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the low-density lipoprotein:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was studied. The study design was a 16-week double-blind, crossover (placebo or pectin) using 27 human volunteers screened to be at medium to high risk for coronary heart disease due to hypercholesterolemia. The study did not interfere with the subjects' current diet or lifestyle. Grapefruit pectin supplementation decreased plasma cholesterol 7.6%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 10.8%, and the low-density lipoprotein:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio 9.8%. The other plasma lipid fractions studied showed no significant differences. We conclude that a grapefruit pectin-supplemented diet, without change in lifestyle, can significantly reduce plasma cholesterol. PMID- 3229018 TI - Pathophysiological aspects of predominant preload lowering on pulmonary circulation, gas exchange, and the biventricular function in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - A group of 21 patients with various degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent radionuclide ventriculography with hemodynamic monitoring to assess the extent to which pulmonary artery pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance can be lowered by the vasodilator molsidomine. Molsidomine (N-carboxy 3-morpholino-sydnonimin-ethylester) is similar to nitroglycerin in its mode of action. After hemodynamic and radionuclide data acquisition, at rest and during submaximal exercise in the steady state, 2 mg molsidomine was injected intravenously. Rest and exercise measurements were repeated 45 min after molsidomine injection. In patients with mild to moderate disease (group 1), pulmonary artery resting pressures decreased by 12% (p less than 0.05) at rest by 22% (p less than 0.01) during exercise after the administration of the drug. Total pulmonary resistance during exercise decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) as a result of marked decrease of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) compared with a minimal decrease in cardiac index (CI). In patients with severe disease (group 2), only the resting values of PAP decreased while the relationship between pressure and flow was unchanged. During the exercise period, the preload parameters of the right and left ventricles decreased by an average of 30%. With regard to gas exchange, only the arterial PO2 at rest decreased slightly but significantly (p less than 0.05) after molsidomine, while the coefficient of oxygen delivery was not affected by the drug. However, in four patients arterial PO2 was markedly reduced by the drug. Right ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly (p less than 0.01) both at rest and during exercise in group 1 and during exercise in group 2 after administration of molsidomine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229019 TI - Intravenous labetalol for the control of hypertension following repair of coarctation of the aorta. AB - Paradoxical hypertension is a relatively common complication of surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. An early phase of systolic hypertension has been ascribed to elevated levels of norepinephrine. Activation of the renin angiotensin system from sympathetic stimulation has been implicated in a later phase of systolic and diastolic hypertension that can result in mesenteric arteritis. The use of a rapidly acting, titratable intravenous alpha- and beta adrenergic blocker, such as labetalol hydrochloride, addresses both of these neurohormonal mechanisms. In the intravenous form, it would appear to be an excellent choice for the management of early postoperative hypertension and it can be converted to the oral form in cases of persistent hypertension. We report for the first time the use of labetalol in two young patients for the control of paradoxical hypertension following coarctation repair. PMID- 3229020 TI - Intracardiac teratoma in a newborn. AB - Primary tumors of the heart are infrequent at all ages. We present a newborn with hypoxia and a heart murmur, in whom an echocardiogram revealed a large tumor filling the right ventricle and the pulmonary annulus. To maintain pulmonary blood flow, the patency of the ductus arteriosus was achieved by infusion of prostaglandin E1. Successful surgical resection was accomplished. The pathological examination was characteristic of a benign teratoma. The patient remains asymptomatic and has shown no evidence of recurrence of the tumor during a follow-up period of 34 months. This represents the eleventh case of intracardiac teratoma and only the fourth case to undergo successful surgical resection. PMID- 3229021 TI - Differential diagnosis of chest pain and diagnostic findings in pericardial defects combined with coronary artery disease. PMID- 3229022 TI - Is there a role for phospholipases in the anti-cardiolipin syndrome? PMID- 3229023 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging for the study of cervical myelopathy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Cervical myelopathy is found fairly often with rheumatoid arthritis. It is one of the worst complications of the disease and can lead to tetraplegia or even to sudden death. However, when we consider the high incidence of involvement of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis, the number of cases of cervical myelopathy, even of slight degree, is not very high. We have used magnetic resonance to identify the condition of the cervical structures, especially the nerve structures, in 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with involvement of the cervical articulations but without neurological symptoms. We found anterior compression of the spinal cord caused by the odontoid process of the epistropheus in 13 cases. One case had lateral deviation of the spinal cord and another had compression of a vertebral artery. In another the lumen of the nasopharynx was decreased and one had posterior compression of the spinal cord by the posterior arch of the atlas. Magnetic resonance also makes it possible to detect a rheumatoid pannus on the affected articulations. We conclude that magnetic resonance is at present a useful instrument for evaluation of the presence of cervical myelopathy in rheumatoid arthritis patients, to prevent more serious complications. PMID- 3229024 TI - Random locomotion and phagocytosis of monocytes in undiluted normal serum and in undiluted SLE serum. AB - Time-lapse filming was performed with normal monocytes in normal serum and in SLE serum, with and without yeast cell phagocytosis. Undiluted sera were used. After incubation of the monocytes with SLE serum we found a decreased velocity of random movement and a change of morphology to more condensed, rounded-up and un spread cells with a decreased yeast cell phagocytosis. No obvious correlation was found between the SLE serum induced impairment of monocyte function and disease activity, complement levels or the presence of immune complexes. We conclude that monocyte in vitro membrane functions, such as random motility, spreading and yeast cell phagocytosis, are impaired in the presence of undiluted SLE serum. PMID- 3229025 TI - Demonstration of collagen type conversion in culture supernatants from human chondrocytes by an inhibition ELISA. AB - Culture supernatants from monolayer cultures of human chondrocytes were tested for the presence of collagen type I and type II during subpassaging using an inhibition Elisa. The sensitivity of the Elisa was 404 +/- 50 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) for the determination of type I collagen and 112 +/- 16 ng/ml for type II collagen. Whereas using immunofluorescence techniques, type II collagen was observed in human chondrocytes cultured under monolayer conditions only up to the first subpassage (1), in culture supernatants from human chondrocytes type II collagen could be found up to the fourth subpassage. Type I collagen was detectable in supernatants from the beginning of primary cultures and was present up to the tenth subpassage in increasing concentrations. Variations in the amount of collagen present in the culture supernatants seemed in part to be due to different growth characteristics of the chondrocytes. Cell shape was not associated with the release of a particular collagen type. In summary, the collagen inhibition Elisa appears to be equivalent to biochemical methods with regard to sensitivity and specificity. Investigations on influencing the switch in collagen production in human chondrocytes may benefit from the use of both techniques described. PMID- 3229026 TI - Radiographic features of hereditary articular chondrocalcinosis. A comparative study with the sporadic type. AB - To assess the radiological features of hereditary articular chondrocalcinosis, we performed a blind comparative study between 21 randomly selected patients with hereditary disease and 21 cases of sporadic pseudogout matched for age and sex. Each individual had AP projections of the hands, pelvis and knees. The films were evaluated for the presence of articular chondrocalcinosis and for the severity of the associated degenerative arthropathy. A grade of 0 to 3+ was assigned to each of the 4 variables of osteoarthritis: joint space narrowing, sclerosis, osteophytosis and subchondral cysts. The mean number of joints with chondrocalcinosis and its distribution was similar in both groups. In addition, no differences were found in the overall severity of the associated degenerative arthropathy. In both groups the disease was characterized by oligoarticular calcification and a mild degenerative arthropathy. These data along with data from other reported pedigrees, show that the radiological appearance in the hereditary type is frequently indistinguishable from that commonly observed in sporadic articular chondrocalcinosis. PMID- 3229028 TI - Antibacterial antibody pattern in seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SNSA). AB - The occurrence of some anti-bacterial antibodies was studied in sera from 31 healthy donors (HD) and 101 patients with different rheumatic diseases. The cases investigated included 7 Psoriatic Arthritis (PA), 35 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), 17 Undifferentiated Seronegative Spondyloarthritis (U-SNSA), 13 Behcet's syndrome, 18 Enteric Arthropathies (EA), 7 Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and 4 Reiter's syndrome. A complement fixation test was carried out to detect the presence and to evaluate the titer of the specific antibodies against the relative bacterial antigens. The antigens used were prepared for the complement fixation test by Virion Laboratories: Yersinia Enterocolitica 0:3 type (YEC), Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis (YPT), Campylobacter Jejuni (CJ) and Campylobacter Intestinalis (CI), Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT). The results indicate a statistically significant difference between the HD group and the seronegative polyarthritis one (PA, U-SNSA, Behcet, EA, AS, Reiter as a whole) as far as antibody production against YEC, CI and YPT is concerned. On the contrary, a significant difference between the HD group and RA patients for specific anti bacterial antibodies was only found against CT. Further detailed analysis of the behavior of the antibody pattern in any disease groups was carried out to identify a possible specific and featured antibody profile for some given rheumatic disorder. PMID- 3229027 TI - Immunology of a serum sickness/vasculitis reaction secondary to streptokinase used for acute myocardial infarction. AB - We have studied six patients who received streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction (MI). One of these patients experienced a serum sickness/vasculitis reaction nine days after receiving the drug. Immunologic investigation of serum obtained from these individuals demonstrated that IgE and IgG anti-streptokinase antibody concentrations (measured by radioimmunoassay) were significantly elevated, both pre and post (IgE antibody, 36-fold increase) drug exposure, in the individual having the serum sickness/vasculitis reaction. Two of five of the remaining MI patients receiving the drug had post-exposure elevation of IgE anti streptokinase antibody, but no patient had the immunologic profile seen in the individual with vasculitis. One should be aware that the serum sickness/vasculitis reaction can occur late after administration of streptokinase when the acute MI patient is recuperating. PMID- 3229029 TI - The effect of in vivo and in vitro methotrexate on lymphocyte proliferation as measured by the uptake of tritiated thymidine and tritiated guanosine. AB - In several studies methotrexate therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis has not been found to depress the lymphocyte response to mitogens measured by the uptake of tritiated thymidine. We have postulated two effects of methotrexate on stimulated lymphocytes in vitro: a decrease in cell proliferation, but also a relative increase in thymidine uptake reflecting a specific decrease in the intracellular thymidine pool. The increased incorporation of tritiated guanosine by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes was found to be markedly depressed by methotrexate (1 x 10(-7) M) in vitro whereas the incorporation of thymidine was often unchanged. Thymidine uptake of lymphocytes may not be an appropriate measure of stimulation in the presence of methotrexate. PMID- 3229030 TI - Assessment of cognitive function in elderly patients treated with naproxen. A prospective study. AB - Cognitive functions were assessed in 12 elderly patients prior to and following a three-week therapeutic course of Naproxen, 750 mg/day. Four of the patients deteriorated in one of the four cognitive tests, one of these patients in two tests. However, none of these changes reached statistical significance. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause some cognitive alteration in the elderly, this change is mild, and its clinical meaning questioned. PMID- 3229031 TI - Inhibition of ConA-induced proliferative response in human lymphocytes by podophyllotoxin and a detergent, Tween80. AB - Podophyllotoxin (CPH86), at concentrations of 5 ng/ml or more, inhibited [3H] thymidine uptake of ConA-induced proliferation of human peripheral mononuclear blood cells. Tween80, the detergent included in the anti-inflammatory drug Proresid, containing podophyllum lignan derivatives, also inhibited lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Combination of the two drugs did not, or did only weakly, potentiate the inhibitory effect of each drug. PMID- 3229032 TI - Effects of nifedipine therapy on pulmonary Raynaud's in primary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - A case of Raynaud's phenomenon of the pulmonary vascular bed in Primary Sjogren's syndrome and subsequent response to calcium channel blockade is presented. Pulmonary Raynaud's phenomenon in Primary Sjogren's syndrome has not been previously described. PMID- 3229033 TI - Food allergy and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3229034 TI - IgA anti-Yersinia antibodies and the outcome of Yersinia-triggered reactive arthritis. PMID- 3229036 TI - Association of Faculties of Pharmacy of Canada. 1988 annual meeting. Abstracts of research presentations. May 15-18, 1988. PMID- 3229035 TI - Salmonella-induced reactive arthritis in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient on hydroxyurea and interferon-alpha. PMID- 3229037 TI - Defective dopaminergic regulation of prolactin secretion in patients with hyperprolactinemia. AB - In order to evaluate the dopaminergic control of the lactotroph, we examined the plasma prolactin response to metoclopramide (a dopamine receptor blocker, 10 mg iv bolus) and to dopamine (1 microgram/Kg/min iv infusion for 120 min) in 52 hyperprolactinemic female patients and 19 healthy volunteer women. Three diagnostic categories were included: "idiopathic" hyperprolactinemia (21), microadenoma (24), and macroadenoma (7). Patients from all groups showed a marked blunting of the prolactin response to metoclopramide as compared to the prolactin rise in normal women (p less than 0.001). However, normal responses were observed in 8 patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and in one patient with adenoma. The magnitude of the prolactin response to metoclopramide (percent of baseline level) correlated negatively with the level of basal prolactin in each group except for macroadenoma patients. Dopamine infusion significantly (p = 0.015) reduced the mean plasma prolactin levels in hyperprolactinemic patients and normal women. However, patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia were hyposensitive to dopamine (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, microadenoma patients were less responsive to dopamine suppression than were the patients with macroadenoma (p less than 0.05). The results indicate the presence of a relative resistance to dopamine in patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and in patients with microadenoma. They also suggest that in these patients, the decrease in prolactin response to metoclopramide may be explained by the relative refractoriness to endogenous dopamine. PMID- 3229038 TI - The effect of verapamil, diltiazem and nifedipine on baroreceptor reflexes. AB - Heart rate in nifedipine treated patients tends to be higher than in those treated with verapamil or diltiazem. This may be due, among other causes, to a differential action on cardiac baroreflexes. As conclusions of previous studies were controversial, we decided to study the effect of verapamil, diltiazem and nifedipine on baroreflex sensitivity. After 3-5 week treatment, heart rate response to various doses of i.v. phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside was recorded in conscious rats. The slope of the regression line relating change of heart rate to change in blood pressure, was depressed in verapamil treated rats compared to that in control, diltiazem or nifedipine treated rats (p less than 0.0001). The role of the autonomic nervous system in modulation of baroreflexes was investigated by pretreatment of the animals with propranolol or atropine. The results were compatible with the hypothesis that verapamil depresses adrenergic nerve activity and this may contribute to decreased, vasodilation-induced baroreceptor reflexes. PMID- 3229039 TI - Diacylglycerol metabolism and properties of protein kinase C in aorta. AB - The proliferative response of arterial smooth muscle cells to growth factors may involve the stimulation of protein kinase C activity by diacylglycerols released from phosphoinositides. Therefore, kinase C has been partially purified from bovine aortas, and characterized with both histone and vinculin as in vitro substrates. Kinase C activity was dependent upon calcium and phosphatidylserine. Diolein stimulated enzyme activity by reducing the Ka for calcium from greater than 50 microM to 2 microM in assays with histone. When vinculin was the substrate, the Ka for Ca2+ was 4 microM and 0.8 microM in the absence and in the presence of diolein, indicating that the sensitivity to Ca2+ and the mechanism of the diolein activation can be influenced by the substrate. Enzyme activity determined with histone as substrate was six-fold greater than that measured in assays with vinculin. The metabolism of diacylglycerols was also determined in homogenates of smooth muscle cells isolated from rabbit aortas. Lipase activity (hydrolysis to release fatty acids) was greater than kinase activity (formation of phosphatidic acid). Metabolism of phosphoinositide-derived diacylglycerols by the lipase pathway could provide a portion of the arachidonic acid precursor necessary for the synthesis of prostaglandins by arterial smooth muscle cells. PMID- 3229041 TI - Endometriosis. PMID- 3229040 TI - The effect of differential vagal nerve cooling on feline esophageal function. AB - Studies were performed on four cats to examine the effects of differential vagal nerve cold blockade on the upper esophageal sphincter, esophageal peristalsis, and swallow-induced lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Reversible vagal nerve blockade was accomplished by cooling the cervical nerve trunks. Pressures were measured using multi-lumen manometry tubes. Upper esophageal sphincter pressure (resting and response to intraesophageal balloon distention), primary peristalsis, secondary peristalsis induced by intraesophageal balloon distention, and swallow-induced lower esophageal sphincter relaxation were evaluated at each temperature level, with vagal cooling from 20 degrees C to 0 degree C by 0.5 degree C decrements. Primary and secondary peristalsis were abolished at the same temperature. Swallow-induced lower esophageal sphincter relaxation was abolished at the same temperature that peristalsis was abolished. Upper esophageal sphincter pressure decreased by at least 25% at the same temperature that secondary peristalsis was abolished. Balloon distention-induced increase in upper esophageal sphincter pressure was not abolished prior to the decrease in resting pressure and, in the majority of experiments, was not abolished at any time during differential cooling. Prolonged complete vagal nerve blockade experiments demonstrated transient abolition and then return of balloon distention-induced reflex upper esophageal sphincter contraction. We conclude that: 1) differential vagal cooling does not allow separation of the contribution of different vagal fibres such as afferent vs efferent or excitatory versus inhibitory; 2) there is dual afferent innervation from the proximal cervical esophagus, allowing persistence of intraesophageal balloon distention-induced upper esophageal sphincter contraction during prolonged vagal cervical trunk blockade. PMID- 3229042 TI - The emotional aspects of endometriosis: what the patient expects from her doctor. PMID- 3229043 TI - Emotional aspects of endometriosis: a physician's perspective. AB - In conclusion, different models of physician-patient interactions will be effective at certain times in any long-term relationship between a physician and a patient with chronic disease. Even the most involved patient under certain conditions may say, "I just don't know what to do, Doctor. Do what you think is right." In the emergency situation, the most understanding physician must be comfortable taking full responsibility for the decisions. However, the majority of the time, the patient can be helped to feel less powerless and more positive with a therapeutic relationship that encourages education about endometriosis and provides a "road map" of diagnostic procedures, therapies, and referral sources on which the patient can do the "driving." PMID- 3229044 TI - An approach to patients with endometriosis. PMID- 3229045 TI - Topics in primary care medicine for obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 3229046 TI - Evaluation of laboratory tests used in screening ambulatory patients. AB - Multiple other tests have been suggested for screening healthy patients. Hopefully, the above illustrations give a perspective with regards to the incidence of disease versus other causes that would lead to abnormal test results. The most frequent cause of an abnormal test result is physiologic variation, laboratory variation, or both. Even in laboratories with excellent quality assurance programs, the results falling outside the reference ranges most likely indicate physiologic variation, laboratory variation, or both. The physician will obtain more meaningful data from the laboratory when testing is ordered to confirm diagnostic suspicions that were raised during the history and physical examination of the patient. When a physician receives abnormal test results that were ordered as screening tests without any diagnostic suspicion, a search should be made for signs and symptoms that would correlate with that abnormal test. In the absence of any evidence that would indicate underlying disease, it would usually be unnecessary to pursue follow-up testing. PMID- 3229047 TI - Management of common head and neck problems. PMID- 3229048 TI - Disease prevention and general health maintenance for women: improved by the use of a computer-integrated database. PMID- 3229049 TI - Individualization of postoperative irradiation in the treatment of stage I and II cervical cancer. PMID- 3229050 TI - Intra-operative radiation therapy in the treatment of pelvic malignancies: a preliminary report. AB - Local control of advanced pelvic malignancies, particularly when complete surgical resection is not feasible, is often impeded by dosage limitations in radiation therapy and the intolerance to radiation of normal tissues. This is a preliminary report on the feasibility of improved local control in pelvic malignancies treated by intra-operative radiation therapy, as a radiation boost, in addition to conventional surgical resection and external beam radiation therapy. Fifteen gynaecological malignancies (five cervix, five uterus, four ovary, and one vulva) from Rush Medical College and the University of Navarre, as well as 36 other pelvic malignancies (32 colorectal, 4 genito-urinary) from Rush Medical College were reviewed. All tumours were advanced or recurrent, and all patients were felt to be at high risk of local failure. IORT was administered at a dose range of 10-26 Gy. Our data suggest that the probability of local control improves when IORT is used for primary and for microscopic disease, when the tumour is at least partially resectable, and when the total dose given in IORT and external beam radiation exceeds 70 Gy. PMID- 3229051 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. AB - Invasive cervical cancer can be treated by surgery, radiotherapy, and cytostatic chemotherapy. For decades, surgery alone or in combination with radiotherapy was the treatment of choice. At our hospital, primary radiotherapy was reserved for patients with advanced disease. Antineoplastic agents, especially combinations which included cisplatin, achieved good results in patients with advanced disease -or after other therapeutic modalities had been exhausted. This led us to use postoperative chemotherapy for high-risk patients with positive pelvic or parametrial nodes or vascular invasion. Radiotherapy had not improved the survival of such patients. A combination of bleomycin, vincristine, mitomycin C and cisplatin was used. The results were compared with those of patients who had received radical abdominal surgery only (n = 166) or surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (n = 170). The 29 patients who underwent surgery and chemotherapy had a statistically higher incidence of all risk factors. Nonetheless, after a three-year follow-up they had fewer recurrences and fewer deaths than did the other patients. We believe that systemic antineoplastic treatment can reduce recurrences and death in patients with invasive systemic cervical cancer. PMID- 3229052 TI - Operative treatment of cervical cancer. PMID- 3229053 TI - Tumormetric measurements and morphometry in cervical cancer. AB - In this article special emphasis has been placed on the problem of reproducibility of the description of tumour spread. Tumour size is an important factor for the prognosis of patients with cervical carcinoma. This article has described several methods for determining tumour extent. I have also presented a simple method applicable to routine measurements, and based on stereological principles, and have compared it to more sophisticated tumour-size models. The main intention of this work was to define objective and comparable parameters for the classification of tumour spread. PMID- 3229054 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in clinical cervical cancer: pretherapeutic tumour volumetry. AB - MRI can define the spread, size, and volume of clinical cervical cancers. Appropriate pulse sequences and slice thicknesses are necessary. Twenty-five patients underwent MRI tumour volumetry before radical hysterectomy. The volume obtained by MRI was compared with that obtained from the histological giant sections; the volumes agreed at a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.983. The volumes obtained by MRI of 13 unfixed surgical specimens correlated with their histological volumes with a statistically significant coefficient of 0.894. Tumour volumes were compared with the respective clinical stages. Clinical stage did not correlate with tumour volume. Three very large tumours were in clinical Stage Ib. Tumour size is a major prognostic factor, can be measured easily, and, as the basis for classification, is superior to FIGO staging. MRI can measure tumour volume before treatment. PMID- 3229055 TI - Prognostic factors in cervical cancer on the basis of morphometric evaluation. AB - As for all tumours, the most important prognostic factors in cervical cancer are growth pattern and the extent of its spread. The systematic study of serial giant sections of specimens obtained at radical hysterectomy has made these morphological factors assessable by biometry. Statistical analysis produced the following ranking of prognostic factors in cervical cancer: the size of the primary tumour, lymph node involvement, infiltration of the connective tissue layer between cervix and parametrium, exophytic growth, parametrial invasion, and mitotic rate. These factors can be used in a biomathematical model to exclude or predict tumour recurrence or death from disease. PMID- 3229056 TI - Prognostic factors in cervical carcinoma: a multivariate approach. AB - The primary aim of this study was the identification of factors known at the time of primary treatment and contributing to the risk of developing recurrent cancerous lesions. This chapter presents a multivariate approach to the identification of prognostic factors in cervical cancer. Using logistic regression analysis, a correct prediction rate of approximately 80% was reached for recurrence or death of disease. The number of lymph nodes involved, border zone and parametrial involvement, exophytic tumour growth and mitotic activity were identified as prognostic factors. PMID- 3229057 TI - The significance of the parametrium in the operative treatment of cervical cancer. AB - The first sharp improvement in the operative treatment of cervical cancer was the shifting of the plane of resection away from the tumour into the parametria. This permitted resection of the primary cancer with a margin of healthy tissue. Systematic studies of excised parametrial tissue, carried out around the turn of the century, showed four types of parametrial involvement: continuous, discontinuous, carcinomatosis of the parametrial lymphatics, and parametrial lymph node involvement. It is well known that histologically demonstrated parametrial involvement often contradicts the clinical stage. So-called staging laparotomies are meant to address this problem but they, too, are inadequate since most parametrial cancer deposits are microscopic and cannot be palpated. In our own studies of totally extirpated parametria, contiguous cancer spread into the parametria never exceeded 10 mm, not even in the largest still-operable tumours. Thus the theory of contiguous, direct cancer spread to the pelvic wall is wrong. Parametrial involvement usually occurred as cancer deposits in the rarely mentioned parametrial lymph nodes. Parametrial involvement correlates better with the size of the primary tumour, expressed as the tumour-cervix quotient, than with the clinical stage. The smallest tumours, without showing continuous parametrial involvement, had a 3.4% incidence of positive nodes. Thirty-five per cent of the patients with the largest tumours had positive parametrial nodes. Parametrial lymph nodes were found in 280 (78%) of 359 surgical specimens processed as giant sections. Sixty-three patients (22.5%) had positive parametrial nodes. The nodes at the pelvic wall were involved in 80% of the patients with positive parametrial nodes. The five-year survival rate was 84% if the parametria were free of disease, but it dropped to 53% with any type of parametrial involvement. Survival rates did not differ much if only the parametrial nodes or only the pelvic nodes were positive (56% and 66%, respectively). However, if both groups were positive survival dropped to 43.1%. Positive parametrial nodes can be located anywhere in the parametrium; therefore, surgery must remove the entire structure. It remains to be seen whether an exception can be made for small Stage Ib tumours, or if lymphadenectomy can be omitted in these patients. If so, radical vaginal surgery may be the treatment of choice. PMID- 3229058 TI - Parametrial involvement and therapeutic programming in stage Ib cervical cancer. AB - The philosophical basis of oncological surgery has always been the removal of not only the primary lesion but also of a considerable amount of healthy tissue. In the surgical treatment of cervical cancer, the extensive dissection of the ureter, bladder and rectum facilitates a more complete removal of the parametrium and of the paracervical tissue, but gives rise to a series of bladder and rectal dysfunctions. Complications are certainly taken into account, but more consideration could be given to the cost to the patient in terms of severe disturbances in life-style and to the dysfunctions caused by radical surgery. Unfortunately, we do not know exactly the incidence of this damage since the data available from the literature are not always uniform. In order to overcome this discrepancy we suggest that Rutledge's classification is still the most valid point of reference. We also consider that accurate urodynamic follow-up methodology is necessary to evaluate bladder dysfunctions and to compare data from the different centres. Finally, we propose moderately radical hysterectomy- Rutledge's Class II--with adjuvant therapy in the presence of adverse prognostic factors as the most effective method for controlling the disease and reducing treatment-related side-effects. PMID- 3229059 TI - The rationale of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with stage Ib cancer of the cervix: a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure? PMID- 3229060 TI - The significance of lymph node status at pelvic, common iliac and para-aortic levels. PMID- 3229061 TI - Postoperative urological complications after radical surgery for cervical cancer. AB - Functional disorders of the lower urinary tract must be considered inevitable after Wertheim hysterectomy. These disorders include disturbances of the collecting phase as well as of the voiding phase of the bladder, and the development of urinary stress-incontinence. Urodynamic studies are necessary to find out more about the pathophysiology of these disorders. The results of our follow-up studies confirm that during the early postoperative phase patients do not feel the urge to void, and, after micturition, have no idea whether or not the bladder is empty. Micturition itself becomes difficult. At a later stage, sensitivity in respect of the bladder contents is regained. Some months later the incidence of urinary stress-incontinence rises markedly. The dysfunction is due partly to direct trauma of the bladder and urethra. As a reason for the long lasting fall in urethral closure pressure, combined with urinary stress incontinence, some damage to the pelvic nerves must be assumed. Disorders of micturition have been poorly investigated. It is only during the postoperative phase that functional infravesical obstruction must be assumed. At a later stage micturition mostly becomes normal. In contrast to the results of others (Schussler, 1988) the results of our studies confirm that these disorders are due not only to nerve lesions. Disorders of the collecting phase as well as of the voiding phase of the bladder are mostly transient. As a consequence we suggest that the direct operative trauma, with oedema, haematoma and scar formation, is responsible for bladder dysfunctions during the early postoperative stage at least.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229062 TI - Urological complications after radical abdominal hysterectomy for cervical cancer. AB - Radical abdominal hysterectomy for cervical cancer is naturally associated with a number of urological complications. In a review of 320 hospital records we found a 6.6% incidence of intraoperative injury to the bladder or ureters; in all cases the tumour had encroached on the organ. The incidence of postoperative fistula formation was 4.4%. Postoperative urodynamic studies of 116 patients after radical hysterectomy, with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, quantified lower urinary tract dysfunction. A prospective study of 40 patients showed that 20% developed urinary stress-incontinence after surgery. Patients who had had surgery only showed an improvement in most urodynamic parameters over the years, while patients who had also had radiotherapy did not. Seventy-eight per cent of the patients after surgery only were satisfied with their condition and, years later, reported no complaints. They may just have become used to them, but half the patients who had also had radiotherapy reported complaints, mainly impaired bladder sensation, frequency and nocturia. Urinary tract dysfunction after radical hysterectomy is inevitable, but meticulous peri-operative management, regular follow-up examinations and psychological support can keep it to a minimum and help the patient to cope. PMID- 3229063 TI - An improved radical hysterectomy with fewer urological complications and with no loss of therapeutic results for invasive cervical cancer. PMID- 3229064 TI - Treatment complications in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. PMID- 3229065 TI - Operative therapy for stage IIb cervical cancer. AB - A total of 506 cases of cervical cancer, Stages Ib and IIb, operated on according to Wertheim and Meigs, were retrospectively (1972-1985) evaluated with respect to their clinical and morphological aspects. After 1978 a more intensive histological evaluation of the specimen was performed, resulting in the examination of a larger number of pelvic lymph nodes. The number of lymph nodes infiltrated depends on tumour stage, invasion depth, regional lymphovascular invasion of the tumour edge and parametria, and on haemangiosis carcinomatosa. The five-year survival rates were determined by the parametrial infiltration and by the number of positive pelvic lymph nodes. If neither the parametria nor the lymph nodes were infiltrated by the tumour the survival rate was 69%, whereas in cases of lymphovascular invasion of the parametria without infiltrated lymph nodes the rate decreases to 80%; in cases of tumour infiltration of both lymph nodes and parametria the cure rates are worst (62%). The operation on cervical cancer of Stages Ib and IIb with a thorough histological evaluation of the excised tissue therefore has a high prognostic value, but it also probably has better cure rates than is the case with radiological treatment. PMID- 3229066 TI - Surgery for cervical cancer. AB - A total of 326 squamous cervical cancer patients treated by radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy in the Women's Hospital of Erlangen University were analysed according to their survival rates and to the histological examination results of their surgical specimens. A good relationship was found to exist between the pathological anatomical stage of the cancer, tumour volume, incidence of lymph node involvement, and survival rate. The result showed that good results from surgical treatment can be achieved even for very large cancers (Stage IIb) with a high frequency of lymph node involvement. PMID- 3229067 TI - Objective results of the operative treatment of cervical cancer. AB - Surgical staging of cervical cancer samples the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and, at some centres, the parametria. While better than subjective clinical staging, its value is limited because the results of a sampling procedure differ widely from those of a systematic lymphadenectomy. Additionally, considering the pathology of parametrial involvement, it seems unlikely that biopsy can find the majority of parametrial cancer deposits. The most precise data on the spread of cervical cancer are produced by radical hysterectomy and systematic lymhadenectomy. The tumour size has proven to be the most important prognostic criterion and therefore the best suited for patient classification. Tumour size can be measured by a number of methods. Between 1971 and 1987, 583 of 867 patients with Stage Ib to IIb cervical cancer underwent surgical treatment. Lymphadenectomy was systematic and hysterectomy included the resection of the entire parametria at the pelvic wall. In a total of 359 serial giant sections were of sufficient quality for evaluation; most were Stage IIb cases. The frequency of positive pelvic lymph nodes was 30.3% among 132 Stage Ib cases and 44.7% among Stage IIb cases. Most tumours occupied over 40% of the cervical volume. Five-year survival by clinical stage failed to show a statistically significant difference between Stages Ib and IIb. Objective classification by tumour size showed the patients with the smallest tumours to have a five-year survival rate of 92.1%. The patients with the largest still-operable tumours occupying 80% to 100% or more of the cervix still had a five-year survival rate of 65%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229068 TI - Adjuvant radiotherapy in patients undergoing surgical treatment for carcinoma of the cervix. AB - An analysis was made of the results from operations carried out on 1092 patients with cervical cancer during a co-operative study involving four universities. Standardized surgical procedures and histological processing of the surgical specimens were employed throughout. The indication for post-operative irradiation therapy was different in the University Departments. In order to carry out a realistic comparison of the results obtained, tumour extension, histologically determined on the surgical specimen, was used as a criterion, clinical staging not being used. In cases presenting a continuous tumour growth corresponding to histological Stage Ib, the five-year survival rates achieved were 90.5% and 95.6%, respectively, for patients who had received surgical treatment only and those who had had postoperative irradiation therapy. In cases of continuous tumour growth amounting to histological Stage II, the corresponding five-year survival rates were 79.5% and 83.1%. The difference between the survival rates of patients who had had or who had not had postoperative irradiation was not statistically significant. The further proof of tumour parameters in the formation of twin pairs revealed that the prognosis of patients presenting unfavourable tumour characteristics could not be influenced by postoperative irradiation therapy. PMID- 3229070 TI - Abnormality of gangliosides in erythrocyte membranes of schizophrenic patients. AB - The pattern of gangliosides in membranes of erythrocytes was examined in healthy donors, in acute schizophrenics without neuroleptic treatment and in alcohol dependent patients. 7 different gangliosides could be detected. Healthy donors were characterized by the following ganglioside pattern: GX = 5.8%; GT1b = 6.7%; FucGD1b = 5.2%; GD1a = 12.6%, GD3 = 9.2%, SPG = 43.5%, and GM3 = 17.0%. In schizophrenic patients the GM3 and GD3 fractions were increased. No difference was found between the control group and the alcoholics. PMID- 3229069 TI - Effect of ischemia and reperfusion of the myocardium on in vitro beta-oxidation of fatty acids. AB - The in vivo oxidation of perfused [14C]-labeled fatty acids has been shown to decrease dramatically in hypoxic hearts. This study addresses the influence of ischemia and reperfusion on the enzymic activities of beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria and of peroxisomal origin. The rate of beta-oxidation of fatty acids in the isolated mitochondria from myocardium of swine fed control diet declined about 20% by the ischemic insult induced by hypothermic cardioplegic arrest. Upon reperfusion, the rate of mitochondrial beta-oxidation returned to a normal level. In clofibrate-fed animals, the rate of mitochondrial beta-oxidation did not vary significantly between control, ischemic, and perfused tissues. Furthermore, neither in control nor in clofibrate-fed animals did the rates of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids vary significantly in the ischemic or reperfused tissues as compared to that of preischemic controls. These results suggest that ischemia does not contribute to any loss of enzymic activity in beta-oxidation of fatty acid cycles either in mitochondria or peroxisomes. Furthermore, the feeding of 0.5% (w/w) clofibrate to pigs increased the rate of mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids only by 50% while that of peroxisomes increased threefold. A similar threefold increase in catalase activity was also produced by clofibrate feeding. These results suggest that the heart plays a role in the hypolipidemic action of clofibrate. PMID- 3229071 TI - Evolution of the elastic fiber network of the human uterine cervix before, during and after pregnancy. A quantitative evaluation by automated image analysis. AB - To assess the evolution of the elastic fiber network of the human uterine cervix before, during and after pregnancy, biopsy samples were obtained from 49 women. The high affinity of the polyphenolic compound (+)-catechin for elastin was used to stain the elastic fibers selectively, and enabled automated image analysis. In the human uterine cervix, the elastic fiber network is made up of: (1) fibers running parallel to the basement lamina of the epithelium, and (2) thinner, perpendicular fibers. Quantification using automated image analysis shows a decline in the cervical elastin content from a prepregnancy level of 1.33 +/- 0.08 (SEM) to 0.73 +/- 0.09% (Vv) at the end of pregnancy. In parallel with a constant decline, dissociation and disorganization of the fibers become more clearly evident as pregnancy progresses. However, by 5-7 weeks postpartum the elastic fiber network appears almost completely restructured. These changes support a role of elastin in the processes of cervical maturation and reconstruction during pregnancy and after delivery. PMID- 3229073 TI - Fatal rhabdomyolysis associated with hyperosmolar diabetic decompensation. AB - A patient is described who developed fatal acute rhabdomyolysis in association with hyperosmolar diabetic decompensation. The delay in making the diagnosis of acute rhabdomyolysis may have contributed to the outcome as the use of dantrolene may be of benefit in such patients. PMID- 3229072 TI - Sorbitol in aortic endothelium of diabetic rats. AB - Sorbitol metabolism of the endothelial cells of the aorta has been studied in normal and alloxan diabetic rats by the aid of a new time- and gradient governed elution method. In the normal rats the amount of sorbitol was small whereas in the diabetic animals the content was significantly increased (p less than 0.001). The activity of sorbitol-dehydrogenase was not changed. It is possible that a metabolic injury of endothelial cells induced by a glucose overload may be mediated by formation of sorbitol. PMID- 3229074 TI - Impaired vascular reactivity during the first two years of diabetes mellitus after initial restoration. AB - Vascular reactivity was studied prospectively in 36 consecutive children (15 males, 21 females) below 15 years from the county of Uppsala with newly acquired type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Skin postocclusive hyperaemia was recorded with a transcutaneous oxygen electrode at 37 degrees C on admission before receiving insulin treatment and 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after diagnosis. Fifty-eight healthy children (25 males, 33 females), served as a reference group. The relations between vascular reactivity and age, sex and a number of biochemical variables that are often disturbed in IDDM were analyzed. On admission, the vascular reactivity was significantly lower in diabetic children than in controls (p less than 0.001). This reduction was normalized during the first month of treatment. After two years of diabetes, the vascular reactivity was again significantly lower in diabetic children than in the control group (p less than 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the vascular reactivity, the lag phase or baseline variables and any of the factors mentioned above at any time of investigation, except that serum magnesium was significantly correlated with vascular reactivity after six months of IDDM. It is suggested that the mechanism underlying an impairment of vascular reactivity on admission (reversible) is different from that of the late reduction, which might be a very early manifestation of the later structural diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 3229075 TI - Fetal glycaemic control and neonatal complications in diabetic pregnancy. AB - To examine the relationship between fetal glycaemic control and macrosomia or neonatal hypoglycaemia, we measured umbilical cord glycosylated haemoglobin (GHb) by affinity chromatography in 44 diabetic and 40 normal pregnancies. Levels of GHb in cord blood were not significantly different between these two groups, suggesting good maternal glycaemic control was achieved in the diabetic patients. Moreover in the diabetic pregnancies, cord GHb levels did not differ in infants who were macrosomic or developed hypoglycaemia by comparison with those infants who showed neither phenomenon. We conclude that overall fetal glycaemic control in the 4-6 week period prior to delivery does not appear to influence these common neonatal complications of diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 3229076 TI - Day-to-day variation in glycemic control in type I and type II diabetes mellitus. AB - In an attempt to assess day-to-day variation in glycemic control, 12 type I and 12 type II diabetic subjects were hospitalized and had plasma glucose sampled frequently on two consecutive days, during which medication, diet, and physical activity were all held constant. In type I subjects, there was no significant day to-day correlation in overall mean plasma glucose, mean preprandial plasma glucose, mean postprandial plasma glucose, or urinary glucose excretion. In contrast, these measures were all highly correlated in type II subjects. The data suggest that individuals with type I diabetes may not be able to achieve good glycemic control simply by taking the same dose or doses of insulin each day while rigorously attempting to control diet and exercise. PMID- 3229077 TI - C4 and C5 body vertebral erosions in early rheumatoid disease. AB - Erosions at the antero-superior angles of C4 and C5 developed in 11 patients (22%) with rheumatoid arthritis of less than one year's duration were followed-up over a 10-year period. These erosions do not appear to have been described before. PMID- 3229078 TI - Thrombocytosis in active rheumatoid arthritis. Relation to other parameters of inflammatory activity and confounding effect of automated cell counting. AB - The magnitude of thrombocytosis and the possible confounding effect of platelet clumping, an in vitro artifact resulting in spuriously low platelet counts, in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was evaluated by a prospective survey of 57 consecutive patients, 60% of whom had thrombocytosis. Five cases (9%) of platelet clumping, assessed by H6000 pictures, were found. A low-grade platelet loss in many of the samples anticoagulated by EDTA was suggested by comparison with platelet counts obtained in parallel blood samples anticoagulated by citrate. Thus, the possibility of spuriously low platelet counts due to laboratory artifacts must always be taken into consideration in RA patients. The relation between thrombocytosis and other estimates of disease activity was also studied. The platelet count in citrated blood in active RA was significantly correlated with ESR, acute phase plasma proteins, and neutrophil, basophil and monocyte counts. In a multivariate regression model, however, only the correlation with haptoglobin (p = 0.06) approached significance. PMID- 3229079 TI - Evaluation of the renal injury from gold salts and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The urinary excretion of proteins, N-acetyl-3-glucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase, was measured in 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), of whom 20 subjects were on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and 30 on gold salts. No pathological changes of the above-mentioned urinary parameters have been observed in the group of RA patients, in comparison with control subjects and patients suffering from osteoarthritis treated with NSAIDs. PMID- 3229080 TI - The clinical value of measuring immunoglobulins when assessing penicillamine therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Immunoglobulins are often high in active rheumatoid arthritis and fall when treatment with a slow-acting anti-rheumatic drug is instituted. We assessed the value of monitoring immunoglobulins during penicillamine therapy; 145 patients were followed for up to 5 years, IgA, IgM and IgG levels were compared to 12 other clinical and laboratory variables on 903 occasions. Mean levels of IgA and IgG fell by 10-30%. These changes were less than with ESR or clinical measures such as articular index and duration of morning stiffness. Immunoglobulin levels showed weak correlations with other variables. Only a small number of patients had hypogammaglobulinemia. Initially, 5 cases had low IgA with subsequent falls in 3 more. Initially, 2 cases had low IgG with subsequent falls in 5 more. No patients had low IgM levels. These changes seemed clinically irrelevant. Radiological progression was related to IgA levels. Patients with persistently high rates of radiological progression had persistently higher serum IgA. We conclude that IgM gives the most "acute phase" pattern of response. IgA gives more theoretically interesting information, especially concerning radiological progression. There is only a limited amount of clinically valuable information gained from measuring immunoglobulins. PMID- 3229081 TI - Hypocalcemia response following calcitonin administration: lack of correlation with osteoclast number determined after histoenzymologic identification in osteoporosis. AB - The relationship between calcitonin-induced hypocalcemia and histomorphometric parameters of bone resorption was examined in iliac crest biopsies of 30 osteoporotic patients aged 55-86 years all of whom had received a single injection of 100 UI of salmon calcitonin. Number of osteoclasts and active resorption surfaces were determined after histoenzymologic staining based on osteoclastic tartrate resistant acid phosphatase content. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between the drop of hypocalcemia and the different histomorphometric parameters. It can be concluded that the calcitonin test is useless in osteoporosis. PMID- 3229083 TI - Nail fold capillaroscopy findings in patients with primary fibromyalgia. AB - The nail fold capillary morphology and blood flow were examined by capillaroscopy in 10 patients with primary fibromyalgia. Only slight morphological anomalies such as moderate enlargement of capillary loops and variations in calibre were found. No obvious correlation emerged between capillary morphology and the duration of the disease, smoking, or history of Raynaud's phenomenon. Three patients with a history of Raynaud's phenomenon showed sluggish capillary flow correlated with subnormal skin temperature during registration. The findings suggest that marked generalized capillary abnormality such as that often involving the nail fold capillaries in many connective tissue disorders is not a prominent feature of primary fibromyalgia. PMID- 3229082 TI - Anticollagen antibodies in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - Using ELISA antibodies, titres to collagen type I, II and III in sera of patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) were assayed. Results were compared with titres of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Increased antibodies titres to all three collagen types were found in comparison with healthy individuals of the same age. Average titres in patients with RA were higher than those of the JCA group. When antibodies titres were correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 1 hour (ESR/1h) statistical significance was found only in RA group for collagen type II. PMID- 3229084 TI - Hypoplasia of thoracic pedicle: CT diagnosis. A case report with emphasis on CT diagnosis. AB - A rare case of hypoplasia of a left pedicle of T11 is reported. The contribution of computed tomography to assess the diagnosis and display the eventual associated malformations of the neural arch is discussed. PMID- 3229085 TI - Pyloric stenosis in a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - A 64-year-old Japanese woman with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) who developed severe pyloric stenosis is described. The conservative treatments brought only the temporary symptomatic relief, and pyloroplasty became necessary. No ulcerative lesions or tumors were found in the resected stomach or duodenum specimens implicated for stenosis. The histological examinations revealed edema and replacement fibrosis in the pyloric ring. The possible mechanisms of pyloric stenosis are discussed. PMID- 3229086 TI - Hyper-IGD syndrome: a new case treated with colchicine. AB - We report a new case of hyper-IgD syndrome, a recently described disease characterized by recurrent episodes of fever with headache, bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and, more rarely, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Polyclonal increase of serum IgD is the most important laboratory finding. Etiopathogenesis and differences with familial Mediterranean fever are discussed. Moreover, good results obtained with colchicine treatment are also reported. PMID- 3229087 TI - Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis, an unusual presentation of Parsonage-Turner syndrome. AB - A previously healthy 38-year-old man presented a typical Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) three weeks after a cold and unusual muscular exercise. In addition to the motor and sensory defects of the upper limbs, a right hemidiaphragmatic paralysis occurred, which proved to be reversible after several months. A brief review of the hemidiaphragmatic injury in PTS is presented. PMID- 3229088 TI - Splenic and renal infarction in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with anti-cardiolipin antibodies. AB - A 37-year-old female, known to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and markedly raised anti-cardiolipin antibody levels in association with the lupus anticoagulant, presented with a symptomatic segmental splenic infarction. There was a past history of cerebral infarction. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated the area of splenic infarction, and an asymptomatic right renal infarct. This patient illustrates the unusual occurrence of multiple visceral infarcts, in association with anti-cardiolipin antibodies, complicating SLE. PMID- 3229089 TI - Multiple breath nitrogen dead space. AB - Ventilatory efficiency for eliminating CO2 is expressed by the physiological dead space, VD phys = (1-PE CO2/Pa CO2) x VT, where PE is the mixed exhaled and Pa the arterial CO2-tension and VT the tidal volume. We used data from the multiple breath N2-wash-out with oxygen for calculating a functional dead space for nitrogen. VDF N2 = (1-FEN2/FidN2) x VT.FEN2 is the mixed exhaled N2-fraction and FidN2 the calculated mean alveolar N2-fraction during a wash-out with the same number of breaths to reach 2% N2 in end tidal air, but having completely even distribution. FidN2 is shown to be 0.20 +/- 0.01 for wash-outs using 20-150 breaths. The method was applied to wash-outs from 21 healthy volunteers, 18 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and two subjects with acute bronchospasm. VDF was well related to VD phys CO2 (r = 0.78) but higher than the latter. In subjects with lung disease VDF was inversely related to the degree of obstruction expressed by forced expiratory volume in one second per cent of vital capacity (r = 0.85). The subjects with bronchospasm had very high VD/VTF in relation to their FEV%. If airway dead space predicted from height and sex is subtracted from VDF, the resulting alveolar dead space will be a good expression for uneven gas distribution in the lungs. We also deduced a direct mathematical relation between lung clearance index and VD/VTF. The documented good reproducibility of LCI is thus also valid for VD/VTF, while the latter better expresses ventilatory efficiency. PMID- 3229091 TI - Nontoxigenic 01 Vibrio cholerae in Peru: a report of two cases associated with diarrhea. AB - Two 01 Vibrio cholerae, E1 Tor strains, serogroup Ogawa were isolated from diarrheal stool material of two North American males residing or visiting in Peru. No other enteric pathogens were found. These strains did not produce cholera toxin as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and Y1 adrenal cell assays, nor did they hybridize with an oligonucleotide probe for heat-labile (LT) toxin of Escherichia coli. These two cases are the first reports of 01 V. cholerae isolated from clinical specimens in South America. PMID- 3229090 TI - Plasma dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) as an index of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - Forearm venous plasma noradrenalin and dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) concentrations were measured in eight diabetic patients with and eight diabetic patients without neuropathy. Plasma noradrenalin was on average the same in patients with and without neuropathy and correlated to serum creatinine. Plasma DHPG concentrations were significantly reduced in patients with autonomic neuropathy as compared to patients without neuropathy (P less than 0.05). A low plasma DHPG/noradrenalin ratio in forearm venous blood identified all patients with autonomic neuropathy except one (P less than 0.02). Measuring the plasma DHPG/noradrenalin ratio may circumvent the problem of unrepresentative noradrenalin release from the forearm. PMID- 3229092 TI - Time kill curve analysis of vancomycin and rifampin alone and in combination against nine strains of nutritionally deficient streptococci. AB - Endocarditis caused by nutritionally deficient streptococci has a high bacteriologic and clinical failure rate, despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. We investigated by time kill curve methodology nine clinical endocarditis isolates of nutritionally deficient streptococci to determine the in vitro efficacies of vancomycin and rifampin alone and in combination. The combination of vancomycin and rifampin demonstrated synergy and bactericidal activity in five of the strains. In one strain, this combination inhibited growth by greater than 2 log10 CFU/ml when compared to the growth control or either antibiotic alone, but it failed to be bactericidal. Indifference, defined as less than or equal to 2 log10 CFU per milliliter increase in killing of the combination compared to the next most active single agent, was demonstrated with the remaining three isolates. Changing the antibiotic concentrations in the time kill curve studies for these latter strains failed to demonstrate synergistic activity of the antibiotic combination. The vancomycin and rifampin combination may be a promising therapeutic modality for which in vivo correlation is indicated. PMID- 3229093 TI - In vitro susceptibility to 10 antibiotics of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus in Chile. AB - The in vitro activity of 10 antibiotics was determined for 231 strains of methicillin resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus. Oxacillin was a very good antibiotic to determine methicillin-resistance. Its agreement with methicillin resistance was in all the strains tested. On the contrary, the correlation with nafcillin was established only in 95% of the strains tested. Cloxacillin and flucloxacillin are not good methicillin-resistance indicators. The strains tested against macrolides, such as erythromycin, and lincosamides, such as lincomycin and clindamycin presented a susceptibility of 68, 78, and 80%, respectively. All tested strains were susceptible to vancomycin. PMID- 3229094 TI - Elastase production in clinical isolates of Aspergillus. AB - Clinical isolates of Aspergillus species were tested, both retrospectively and prospectively, for elastase activity using rose bengal-elastin agar plates. Patient records were then reviewed to determine the clinical diagnosis including the presence or absence of aspergillosis. All isolates that caused invasive aspergillosis produced elastase, but not all isolates producing elastase were associated with invasive disease. PMID- 3229095 TI - Sero group C streptococcal infection in intravenous drug abusers: a report of two cases. AB - Two cases of group C streptococcal bacteremia in intravenous drug abusers are described. Both patients had joint involvement and may have been immunocompromised. The literature pertinent to this organism is briefly reviewed. PMID- 3229096 TI - Isolation of Rhodococcus rhodochrous from a chronic corneal ulcer. AB - Organisms belonging to Rhodococcus species have been isolated as the causative agent of infections in many animals and humans. The majority of the human infections so far reported have been limited to immunocompromised patients including AIDS patients. We report an elderly woman with a chronic corneal ulcer infected with Rhodococcus. To our knowledge there is no previous report on a Rhodococcus infection of the eye. Rarity of this type of infection by Rhodococcus in a locally immunocompromised site in an otherwise healthy individual prompted this case history. PMID- 3229097 TI - Enhancing recovery of Francisella tularensis from blood. AB - Francisella tularensis may be isolated with the BACTEC 460 blood culture system even though bottles may not meet the established criteria for recognizing positive blood cultures. We describe three proven bacteremic cases in which growth indices were not positive, gram stain of broth showed no microorganisms but F. tularensis grew on chocolate agar culture. PMID- 3229098 TI - Preparation and ELISA evaluation of Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast phase lysate antigens. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) comparative studies are described in which 10 Blastomyces dermatitidis antigenic preparations from human, dog, and soil strains were used for the detection of rabbit serum antibodies directed against B. dermatitidis killed yeast cells of human and dog origin as well as detection of antibodies in human serum samples. Reactive reagents were produced from all 10 strains, but two antigens (K-Le and T-043324) demonstrated exceptional sensitivity with moderate cross-reactivity with histoplasmosis specimens. Additionally, these reagents were able to detect anti-B. dermatitidis antibodies produced in rabbits in response to human (H-100) or dog (T-042976) strains in a comparable manner. These data suggest that a single antigenic reagent might be suitable for ELISA detection of B. dermatitidis antibodies in different species with blastomycosis. PMID- 3229099 TI - Diagnostic efficacy of a nasotracheal protected specimen brush in patients with suspected bacterial pneumonia. AB - The diagnostic yield and safety of a novel nasotracheal protected specimen brush (PSB) were evaluated in 15 nonintubated adult patients with suspected bacterial pneumonia. A double-catheter PSB was passed directly through the anesthetized nose and into the trachea without bronchoscopy or fluoroscopy. Endotracheal brushing was performed in less than 10 sec, and the brush was immediately processed for Gram staining and quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures. According to clinical follow-up and response to therapy, 11 episodes of bacterial pneumonia and five cases of nonbacterial lung disease were established. The PSB Gram stain confirmed lower respiratory sampling in all cases. The PSB cultures indicated respiratory pathogens in 9/11 (82%) cases of pneumonia, with greater than 10(3) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml in all but two specimens. All patients with pneumonia responded to specific antibiotics. All patients with nonbacterial disorders had PSB cultures of less than 10(3) CFU/ml, and their pulmonary processes improved without antibiotic therapy. The procedure was well tolerated, although two patients had transient bronchospasm or apnea. Experience with the nasotracheal PSB is limited, but the procedure appears to be a reliable and relatively safe alternative diagnostic method in selected patients with suspected bacterial pneumonia. Quantitative cultures are necessary to improve its diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 3229100 TI - The effects of gravitational forces on reproduction and development. AB - It is clear that increased gravitational forces can affect biologic reproduction and development, although exact mechanisms of action have not been established. Except for three studies of male pilot and astronaut fertility, human reproduction and development studies of chronic or acute exposure to micro- or hypergravity environments have not been carried out. Only two reproduction and development studies (both Soviet) have been done under chronic or acute exposure to microgravity. It is unlikely that chronic human exposure to hypergravity will occur except when planets much larger than Earth are colonized. Colonies dependent on reproduction for continued existence probably could not be established on planets with masses significantly dissimilar to Earth because hypergravity or hypogravity are likely to affect reproduction adversely and cause abnormal growth and development. Acute exposures to gravitational changes in the later stages of development appear to be less detrimental, but much remains to be discovered about how gravity affects reproduction and development of mammals, humans in particular. Earth's gravitational force has helped to shape human reproduction and development. Only when the limits of mammalian biology on both sides of 1 g are explored will we be able to determine the extent to which gravity determines biologic structure and function. PMID- 3229101 TI - Balloon dilatation for cardiac obstructive lesions in infants and children. AB - PBD has been used to relieve a wide variety of cardiac obstructive lesions in infancy and childhood. However, it has been most frequently used for semilunar valve stenosis, particularly PS. Results of pulmonic PBD are almost uniformly satisfactory for relief of typical PS, and the low rate of significant complications show that it is a safe procedure in practiced hands. It is now considered the treatment of choice for typical PS. Recently reported results of PBD for critical neonatal PS are also encouraging. New generations of balloon catheters better suited for neonatal balloon valvuloplasty will probably facilitate the procedure. In contrast, results for dysplastic valves are poor, suggesting that this condition is not amenable to PBD. Aortic stenosis also responds well to PBD in infancy and childhood when the valve is not dysplastic. The procedure in general is technically more difficult than pulmonary valvuloplasty, with a higher rate of complications, especially in neonates. PMID- 3229103 TI - AIDSphobia. PMID- 3229102 TI - Influenza 1988-1989. PMID- 3229104 TI - Public health in Australia: planning for beyond 2000. PMID- 3229105 TI - A fortunate inquest: the report of the cervical cancer inquiry. PMID- 3229106 TI - Assessment of Aboriginal Health Services. PMID- 3229108 TI - Pharmaceutical promotion in New Zealand. PMID- 3229107 TI - Who 'needs' community health? Planning for equity in the distribution of scarce resources. PMID- 3229109 TI - Persuading parliamentarians: advocacy and lobbying on alcohol-related issues. PMID- 3229110 TI - Public opinion on tobacco advertising, sports sponsorships and taxation prior to the Victorian Tobacco Act, 1987. PMID- 3229111 TI - Relationship of combinations of AIDS counselling and testing to safer sex and condom use in homosexual men. PMID- 3229112 TI - Auckland homosexual males and AIDS prevention: a behavioural and demographic description. PMID- 3229113 TI - The arguments about RSI: an examination. PMID- 3229114 TI - The World Health Organization and its cardiovascular programme. PMID- 3229115 TI - Prognostic significance of late potentials after myocardial infarction. AB - Signal-averaged electrocardiograms (ECGs) were registered before hospital discharge in 120 consecutive patients (pts) with first acute myocardial infarction (MI). 26 pts (22%) had abnormal signal-averaged ECGs - late potentials (LP). Pts with LP had a more serious clinical course than pts without LP: sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) (27% vs. 2%; p less than 0.01), left ventricular aneurysm (35% vs. 11%; p much less than 0.05) and greater infarct size (62 +/- 35 vs. 43 +/- 22 CK-MB gEq; p less than 0.01). Complex ventricular ectopic activity was more often in pts with LP than in those without LP (54% vs. 28%; p less than 0.05). During an up to 18-month follow-up (mean 13) 6 pts presented sustained VT and 2 died suddenly. 5 pts with sustained VT and 2 pts who died suddenly had LP. The sensitivity of the signal-averaged ECG as a predictor of arrhythmic events was 86%, with a specificity of 82%. Signal-averaged ECGs provide prognostic information in identifying arrhythmic events after MI. PMID- 3229116 TI - Assessment of stroke volume and cardiac output by Doppler echocardiography. AB - The authors used the pulse and continuous-wave Doppler technique to perform 51 measurements of stroke volume and cardiac output in 37 persons. Results were compared with those obtained using Fick's principle of thermodilution (immediately subsequent or simultaneous). Regression analysis showed a close correlation between Doppler and haemodynamic values - r = 0.86 for stroke volume and 0.94 for cardiac output (p less than 0.001). Using the paired t-test, the methods did not differ significantly. Standard deviation of Doppler stroke volume values from reference haemodynamic values was 10%, and only two measurements differed by more than 25%. Doppler determination of cardiac output can be therefore recommended as an alternative method in patients with high-quality echo Doppler recordings. PMID- 3229117 TI - Deep vein thrombosis and its prevention in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - The incidence of venous thrombosis (VT) detected by 125I-labelled fibrinogen was followed in 408 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients were randomized into three groups: a group receiving small doses of heparin (2 X 5000 u. subcutaneously/24 h), and an exercise group (dorsal and plantar flexion of the foot for one minute each hour). VT was present in 13.6% of the control group, in 9% of the group with mini-heparin (an insignificant difference), and in 5.1% of the group with moderate exercise (p less than 0.05). VT was statistically significantly more frequent in patients with acute MI who had heart failure, thrombosis in their medical history, had varices and were non-smokers. The results indicate that even moderate exercise of the lower limbs decreases significantly the incidence of VT in patients with AMI. PMID- 3229118 TI - The effect of bopindolol on lipids and platelet aggregation. AB - An open ambulatory study was performed to assess the effect of bopindolol in 19 hypertensive patients (W.H.O. stage I-II). A statistically significant decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure as well as heart rate (never below 60 beats per minute) was demonstrated. No undesirable subjective side-effects of the drug were reported. Compared with the serum concentrations after placebo, a decrease in all low-density fractions was observed after 12 months. The total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio did not deteriorate and the apolipoprotein A/apolipoprotein B ratio increased. The values of triacylglycerols during 8 months of therapy did not exceed initial serum concentrations following placebo administration. Patients treated with bopindolol exhibited decreased platelet aggregation due to collagen. PMID- 3229119 TI - Detection of elastin-antielastin circulating immune complexes (CIC) in diabetic patients with vascular damage. AB - Healthy subjects aged between 25 and 60 (20 cases) and between 61 and 65 (5 cases), and diabetic patients with vascular damage, aged between 24 and 62 (6 cases), were tested by a new method for the detection and identification of elastin-antielastin circulating immune complexes (CIC) in human sera. Such immune complexes were found in all patients' sera and only in one of the controls (at the age of 65). Among different patients, the elastin-antielastin CIC varied in size and elastin content, showing some correlation between these two characteristics and the existence of microvascular complications, as proved by the clinical and paraclinical investigation of the patients. PMID- 3229120 TI - Vitamin A is stored as fatty acyl esters of retinol in the lacrimal gland. AB - Many tissues which require vitamin A store the vitamin as long-chain fatty acyl esters of retinol. As part of a study designed to characterize vitamin A metabolism in the lacrimal gland, which transports retinol from blood to lacrimal gland fluid, extracts from lacrimal glands of rabbits and rats were analyzed by non-aqueous high performance liquid chromatography. Retinyl linoleate, retinyl palmitate, and retinyl stearate were identified in these extracts by their co elution with standards, their retention time relative to retinyl palmitate, and their susceptibility to hydrolysis by saponification. Retinyl palmitate was present in rabbit lacrimal gland at 51.0 +/- 10.1 ng/g tissue. After treatment of vitamin A-deficient rabbits with orally administered [11,12-3H] retinyl acetate, the radiolabeled esters retinyl linoleate, palmitate, and stearate were extracted from the lacrimal glands. These data show that the lacrimal gland stores vitamin A as fatty acyl esters of retinol. PMID- 3229121 TI - Biochemical characterization of lens crystallins from three mammalian species. AB - Lens crystallins were isolated from the homogenates of mammalian eye lenses derived from three different species by gel permeation chromatography and characterized by SDS-gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, amino acid analysis and N-terminal sequence analysis. Five fractions corresponding to HM alpha-, alpha-, beta H-, beta L- and gamma-crystallins were obtained for the crystallins from these phylogenetically distant species. The native molecular masses for these purified fractions and their polypeptide compositions were determined by gel filtration and SDS-gel electrophoresis respectively, revealing the typical subunit compositions for each classified crystallin. The gel pattern of gamma-crystallins from the marmot lens appeared to be more complex than those of gibbon and deer lenses. Comparison of the amino acid contents of each orthologous class of mammalian crystallins with those of evolutionarily distant species still exhibited similarity in their amino acid compositions. The charge heterogeneity of each crystallin fraction can be detected by isoelectric focusing under denaturing conditions. N-terminal sequence analysis of the crystallin fractions revealed that all fractions except that of gamma-crystallin are N terminally blocked. Extensive sequence similarity between mammalian gamma crystallin polypeptides were found, which suggested the close relatedness of gamma-crystallins amongst different species of mammals and also established the heterogeneous nature of this multigene family. PMID- 3229122 TI - Specific restriction of cholesterol from cortical lens gap junctional membrane in the U18666A cataract. AB - We have hypothesized that the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, U18666A, induces nuclear cataracts in the rat by restricting the sterol content of the lens plasma membrane and, therefore, disrupting the structure of gap junctions. In order to directly examine this hypothesis, we isolated total plasma membrane and plasma membrane enriched in gap junctions from the cortical and nuclear regions of lenses from control and U18666A-treated rats. The protein, phospholipid and sterol compositions of the membrane fractions were determined and compared. U18666A treatment resulted in decreased sterol concentrations of both membrane fractions isolated from both the cortical and nuclear regions. The sterol content of total plasma membrane from the cortex and from the nucleus was decreased by 57% and 36% respectively. The sterol content of the gap junctional membrane (membrane domain enriched in gap junctions) from the cortex and from the nucleus was decreased by 71% and 43% respectively. The observation of a selective decrease in the total sterol content of the cortical gap junctional membrane was reinforced by finding a 50% decrease in the sterol/phospholipid molar ratio of this fraction. The corresponding decrease in the sterol/phospholipid ratio of cortical total plasma membrane was only 22%. The sterol/phospholipid ratio of nuclear total plasma membrane was slightly increased (16%), and the sterol/phospholipid ratio of nuclear gap junctional membrane was decreased by only 8%. These data suggest to us that inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in the rat lens by U18666A results in a specific restriction of cholesterol availability for the synthesis of gap junctional membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229123 TI - Reproducibility study on the Scheimpflug Cataract Video Camera. AB - The Zeiss Scheimpflug Cataract Video Camera was designed to photograph, store and analyze cataracts in a semi-automated fashion for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. We conducted a reproducibility study of this system. Twenty four normal and 61 cataractous eyes were photographed twice by each of two of the authors in the 90 degree meridian and microdensitometry was performed on each of the stored images. Reproducibility was then determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient to determine whether or not the differences encountered were due to variability in the system or due to actual differences among the images. The intraclass correlation in the lens nucleus was 0.995 with 95% confidence limits of .992-.996. Therefore, reproducibility was 99.5%. In the anterior cortex, intraclass correlation was .941 with 95% confidence limits of .919-.959. In the posterior cortex intraclass correlation was .905 with 95% confidence limits of .870-.932. Reproducibility with this instrument was therefore excellent and with certain limitations, this may be a useful instrument in monitoring lens changes in certain diseases and the effects of anti-cataract agents. PMID- 3229124 TI - Superoxide dismutase activity and growth of retinal pigment epithelial cells are suppressed by 20% oxygen in vitro. AB - Despite knowledge of the toxicity of oxygen to the retina, its effects on the retinal pigment epithelium have not been considered. We examined the effect of 20%, 10% and 5% oxygen on growth and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of porcine retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). Growth of RPE cells was very significantly lower in 20% oxygen than in either 10% or 5%; optimal growth occurred at 10% oxygen, the concentration most like their environment in vivo. Inclusion of SOD and catalase in the media very significantly stimulated growth in 20% oxygen. The SOD activity of RPE cells was significantly related to ambient oxygen. In first passage (P1) cells, SOD activity was 44% lower on day 7 than on day 1 of culture in 20% oxygen (p less than or equal to 0.05). Transfer of cells growing in 20% oxygen to 5% oxygen arrested the decrease in SOD and resulted in significantly higher SOD levels. In fourth passage (P4) cells grown in 20% oxygen, SOD was 25% and 44% lower than cells in 10% and 5% oxygen, respectively. After one week, SOD levels in the P4 cells were significantly higher than in P1. A statistical model of SOD activity in RPE cells indicated significant negative correlations with both oxygen concentration and the cell number. Growth of RPE cells was significantly influenced by oxygen level, days of culture and passage number, but not SOD activity. We conclude that traditional culture conditions support generation of free radicals in tissue culture media that suppress both growth and superoxide dismutase activity. PMID- 3229125 TI - Pigmentation of glucocorticoid-induced cataractous lenses of developing chick embryos on heating. AB - Cataractous lenses produced by hydrocortisone or prednisolone treatment in developing chick embryos turned golden brown on heating at 100 degrees C for 60 min. Analysis of an 80% ethanol fraction from the lenses, which contained the pigment-forming substance(s), demonstrated that the heat-induced pigmentation was related to the appearance of opacity of the lens after glucocorticoid administration and suggested that the pigmentation occurred by the Maillard reaction between glucose and amino acids. PMID- 3229126 TI - Fluorophotometric measurement of human tear turnover rate. AB - Measurement of tear turnover rate using an automated scanning fluorophotometer (FluorotronR) was compared to Schirmer test results without anesthesia in young adults with no known ocular disorder. After the instillation of fluorescein, tear film fluorescence, expressed as fluorescein concentration equivalent, decreased exponentially in a linear fashion with time. The mean tear turnover rate was 30% per minute. Contact lens wearers had higher mean tear turnover rates when compared with non-contact lens wearers, but differences were not statistically significant. Half of tested eyes demonstrated total wetting of Schirmer Tear Test StripsR. Higher mean tear turnover rates were associated with complete wetting of the Schirmer test strips. There was no significant correlation between Schirmer paper wetting of less than 30 mm and fluorescein turnover rate. PMID- 3229127 TI - Ocular penetration and pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime: an experimental study. AB - Cefotaxime levels in the cornea and the aqueous humour were assayed after local topical application and subconjunctival injection in healthy and infected corneas. The results in infected corneas were analysed pharmacokinetically. The absorption and elimination of cefotaxime within 2 hours after topical administration are adequately predicted by a two-compartment model in which one compartment represents the cornea and the other the aqueous humour, with the elimination taking place from the latter. The transfer coefficient kc (cornea aqueous) was estimated as 1.452 h-1 and the return transfer coefficient kca (aqueous-cornea) as 0.287 h-1. After subconjunctival injection the levels measured exhibit bi-exponential kinetics, with the apparent absorption constant Ka = 3.816 h-1. PMID- 3229128 TI - Association of elastin with pseudoexfoliative material: an immunoelectron microscopic study. AB - Using immunoelectron microscopy, the presence of elastin and tropoelastin was demonstrated in pseudoexfoliative (PSX) material in all its classical sites on the lens capsule, ciliary non-pigment epithelium, iris epithelium and stroma, and conjunctiva. Some variability in binding affinity was seen in different sites, and labelling was more often on the periphery than the center of the PSX fibers. The elastin epitope on PSX material was more sensitive to processing than the remarkably stable epitope on mature elastic fibers. Since neither elastin nor a related component of PSX fibers, elastic microfibrillar protein, is a circulating protein, both are likely to be secreted by local ocular cells. Most of these local cells are not involved in elastogenesis normally, suggesting that an abnormal stimulus or defective regulation of matrix synthesis exists in this disease. PMID- 3229129 TI - Development and degeneration of retina in rds mutant mice: analysis of interphotoreceptor matrix staining in chimaeric retina. AB - Chimaeric mice were produced by aggregating two morulae--one of homozygous rds mutant and another from a strain of mice with normal retina, which also differed in colour genes. The interphotoreceptor matrix in the retinal sections of these chimaeras was studied histochemically. In sections, stained with colloidal iron, regions with rds/rds photoreceptor layer, characteristically lacking the outer segments, showed more intense staining of the interphotoreceptor matrix, while regions with normal receptor outer segments showed less intense staining of the matrix. In sections, stained with toluidine blue, rds/rds regions showed more intense reaction along the pigment epithelial--photoreceptor interface and less intense reaction over the inner segments in comparison to the regions with normal photoreceptors. These differential staining reactions were independent of the overlying retinal pigment epithelial cell genotype and resembled the reaction patterns in the retina of pure strain controls of the same age. Small patches, showing rds/rds type staining were also observed within areas which appeared normal. We suggest that the altered properties of the interphotoreceptor matrix in the rds retina result from gene expression within the photoreceptor cells. PMID- 3229130 TI - Cell density dependency of vitreous fibrosis induced by monocytes and lymphocytes. AB - The possible roles of monocytes and lymphocytes in vitreous fibrosis were examined by injecting various numbers of the peripheral cell types into the rabbit vitreous. Our results indicated that the degree of vitreous fibrosis and the presence of traction retinal detachment corresponded to the number of cells injected. It was suggested that these findings are probably similar to vitreous membrane formation and retinal detachment in various clinical ocular diseases or inflammations in humans. PMID- 3229131 TI - BCNU in silicone oil in proliferative vitreoretinopathy: I. Solubility, stability (in vitro and in vivo), and antiproliferative (in vitro) studies. AB - Various pharmacologic agents have been tried to control proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). However, most are water soluble and cannot be used with silicone oil (SO), a tamponade agent also used in PVR management. We evaluated a lipophilic, antiproliferative drug, BCNU, in regard to its solubility and stability in SO, its release from SO into an aqueous solution, and its effect on cell cultures. BCNU is soluble in SO (peak concentration in micrograms/ml 1020, 750, and 294 at 37 degrees C, 21 degrees C, and 4 degrees C, respectively), and stable (half-life = 6.7 weeks at 37 degrees C, 17.9 weeks at 21 degrees C). At 4 degrees C, no significant decrease in concentration up to eight weeks was noted. BCNU is released from SO to water (partition coefficient = 10.28 +/- 2.16). Its median inhibitory doses (ID50) on bovine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE), rabbit RPE, and subconjunctival fibroblast cells are 13, 1.9, and 15.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. BCNU may be a useful pharmacologic tool to control PVR. PMID- 3229132 TI - Morphology of the fibrinogen exudate during evolution of a mycobacterial-induced murine eye granuloma. AB - The intent of this study was to visualize changes in the density and location of fibrinogen-related antigen (FRA) depositions within the murine vitreous space during the formation of a chronic mycobacterial-induced uveitis (CMIU) granuloma. Concurrent changes in cellular morphology of the granuloma were also examined. Fibrinogen derivatives within the exudates of granulomatous cell-mediated inflammations may induce physical induration and numerous other phlogistic effects. However, technical limitations of conventional FRA staining methods have tended to underestimate the extent of their presence within this category of inflammatory lesions. Conventional H and E sections of the CMIU granuloma confirmed the classic progression-early PMN influx, monocyte maturation and final macrophage and epithelioid cell dominance-described for such lesions. Avidin biotin-complex staining utilizing a polyclonal mouse antifibrinogen then revealed a progressive increase in amorphous extracellular fibrinogen-FRA-positive staining material as the granuloma evolved. Thus, on day one the PMN influx showed no evidence of fibrinogen-FRA staining; at one week heavy staining was evident in the anterior chamber and in consolidated (i.e. macrophage) regions of the granuloma; at one month a heavy uniform staining appeared throughout the indurated granuloma where macrophages and epithelioid cells predominated. Patterns of heavy deposition on macrophage surfaces were suggested. The likelihood that bulky accumulations of FRA in mature granulomas are not solely fibrin, and may account for granulomatous induration and persistence, is discussed. PMID- 3229133 TI - Neural effects of body inversion: photopic oscillatory potentials. AB - The effect of alterations in retinal and choroidal circulation resulting from changes in body orientation were examined in 10 subjects with normal systemic and intraocular pressures. Body inversion resulted in an increase in the intraocular pressure with a concomitant increase in the ocular perfusion pressure. The effect of these pressure elevations was assessed by photopic oscillatory potentials (OPs). The trends in the change in OP amplitude with experimentally elevated ocular perfusion pressure varied across OP wavelets. OP-1 and the OP index exhibited a statistically significant decrease with an increase in ocular perfusion pressure, with OP-2 to OP-5 showing statistically insignificant reductions. Only OP-5 showed a significant decrease in implicit time with increased perfusion pressure. The magnitude of these changes were quite small despite a greater than 70% increase in the ocular perfusion pressure. Vascular autoregulatory mechanisms are hypothesized to be responsible for maintaining the OPs to within clinically normal levels. PMID- 3229134 TI - Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU): immunophenotypic analysis of inflammatory cells in chorio retinal lesions. AB - Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to guinea pig leukocyte antigens we have examined the phenotype of inflammatory cells present in focal chorio-retinal lesions developing in guinea pigs during S-antigen induced experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). The earliest choroidal infiltrates of T cells appeared to be T helper (Th) cells but in choroidal foci of inflammatory cells and in early retinal lesions, where rod outer segment lysis had occurred, the presence of a Pan T negative, T cytotoxic/suppressor (T c/s) positive population of effector cells was identified. In areas of more extensive retinal damage, the ratio of putative Th to T c/s cells was 1.1. The observation that B cell numbers increased progressively to become the predominant cell type in end state lesions, supports the concept that these may be the major suppressor cell population in guinea pigs. Infiltrating inflammatory cells and capillary endothelial cells express Class I and Class II antigen, however retinal pigment epithelium and Mullers cells did not express Class I or Class II antigens. PMID- 3229135 TI - Immunochemical characterization of a Mr 115 lens fiber cell-specific extrinsic membrane protein. AB - Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies have been produced against a lens fiber cell extrinsic membrane protein, with a relative molecular weight of approximately 115 kd. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) of retina, ciliary body-iris, liver, and skeletal muscle, utilizing these antibodies, suggest that the antigen is unique to the lens. Immunocytochemistry indicates that the antigen is present only in the differentiated fiber cell, and is absent from the lens epithelium. Further, immunocytochemical reactivity is predominantly associated with the fiber cell plasma membrane. However, sequential extraction of fiber cell homogenate, followed by quantitative, competitive ELISA analysis, indicates that most of the antigen is recovered in the neutral buffer extract. ELISA analysis using monoclonal antibodies indicates that an analogous antigen is present in human and rabbit lenses. On the basis of these results we characterize this antigen as a conserved extrinsic membrane protein, which is unique to the differentiated lens fiber cell. The relationship of this antigen to a previously described Mr 95 beaded filament-associated protein is discussed. PMID- 3229136 TI - Age-related changes in a fiber cell-specific extrinsic membrane protein. AB - Western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody raised against a lens fiber cell-specific, extrinsic membrane protein reveals several immunologically related bands in fractions derived from bovine lens. Previous work suggests that the parent molecule is the Mr 115 species, and that lower molecular weight bands represent the products of a progressive, step-wise, post-translational degradation. In this report we compare the extent of proteolytic degradation in extracts prepared from the lens cortex and lens nucleus, using both protease suppressive and protease-permissive isolation protocols. The results suggest that the observed degradation is a result of in vivo post-translational modification of the Mr 115 antigen, and thus represents physiologic aging of this protein. This analysis also suggests that degradation alters the solubility and/or membrane affinity of this antigen, resulting in a progressive shift to the insoluble phase. PMID- 3229137 TI - Psychocutaneous medicine: delusions of parasitosis. PMID- 3229138 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis due to rosin (colophony) in eyeshadow and mascara. AB - Three patients are reported with allergic reactions to rosin in eye makeup: two to eyeshadow and one to mascara. In each instance, the dermatitis was bilateral and symmetrical. Several popular eyeshadow and mascara preparations contain rosin, while the Almay products are free of this ingredient. Rosin-sensitive patients should be instructed to read cosmetic ingredient labels before using any product and should realize that the European term "colophony" is a synonym for rosin. The numerous products that rosin-sensitive persons must avoid will be discussed in a future article. PMID- 3229139 TI - Annelids: round worms. PMID- 3229140 TI - Folliculitis decalvans--response to rifampin. AB - Folliculitis decalvans is a rare follicular inflammatory disease of the scalp. It is characterized by initial perifollicular inflammatory changes followed by peripheral extension and eventual circumscribed patches of cicatricial alopecia. The disease is known for its resistance to treatment, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis. The cause of the disease is unknown, although a bacterial etiology is postulated. We report a classic case that was temporized with various antibiotics and only subsequently resolved after ten weeks of therapy with rifampin. The patient has remained free of disease for more than one year. We present a brief review of the cicatricial alopecias and discuss rifampin therapy for this condition. PMID- 3229141 TI - Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita: clinicopathologic characteristics and differential diagnosis. AB - Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita is an uncommon cutaneous vascular disorder characterized by persistent cutis marmorata, telangiectases, and phlebectases. In addition to atrophic and/or ulcerated lesions, other vascular conditions may be observed. Cutis marmorata telangiectasia congenita usually occurs sporadically, typically is present at birth, and predominantly affects girls. Various associated congenital anomalies have been reported in approximately half of the patients with this condition. PMID- 3229142 TI - Herpes zoster and facial palsy. AB - A case of facial palsy associated with herpes zoster is presented. A good response was obtained using treatment with acyclovir and prednisone. PMID- 3229143 TI - Eruptive familial angiolipomas occurring during pregnancy. AB - Multiple angiolipomas presenting acutely in a pregnant woman are described. To the best of our knowledge, onset of this eruption during pregnancy has not been reported previously. PMID- 3229144 TI - The role of patch testing in stasis dermatitis. AB - Stasis dermatitis, a chronic varicose inflammation of the skin of the lower legs, frequently is complicated by the development of contact hypersensitivity. This retrospective study of forty-six patients with stasis dermatitis found a 60.9 percent incidence of at least one significantly positive patch test reaction. The two allergens that elicited positive reactions most commonly were neomycin and epoxy resin. These results and those of other authors reinforce our contention that patch testing should be a part of the routine work-up of patients with stasis dermatitis. PMID- 3229145 TI - Cytotoxicity of pokeweed antiviral protein. AB - Pokeweed antiviral protein, a plant protein which inactivates eukaryotic ribosomes, was found to be cytotoxic to both HeLa and Vero cells. Cellular protein synthesis was inhibited by exposure of the cells to microM concentrations of the antiviral protein for 24 h periods or longer. The extent of the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis was dependent upon the time of exposure to pokeweed antiviral protein and was partially reversed by washing the cells at various times prior to the measurement of protein synthesis. The antiviral protein was also observed to bind nonspecifically to cells at both 4 degrees and 34 degrees C. The data indicate that the pokeweed antiviral protein is capable of slowly entering mammalian cells which results in the inhibition cellular protein synthesis. PMID- 3229146 TI - Ultrastructure, peroxisomes and lipid peroxidation in reperfused myocardium. AB - Reperfusion injury was studied in dog myocardium using a transmission electron microscope and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) to locate areas of peroxidatic activity. Dark electron dense DAB reaction product was observed in peroxisomes and damaged mitochondria. These results suggest attack by reactive oxygen species on mitochondrial membranes, which might result in the formation of lipid peroxides and prostaglandin-like compounds. It is suggested that the release of lipid peroxide or prostaglandins from the injured cells may contribute to reactive hyperaemia, ventricular fibrillation and angina. PMID- 3229147 TI - Ageing-associated thiol loss in Bacterionema matruchotii. AB - This work tested the concept that thiol loss, proposed as a cause of animal ageing, occurs in ageing cultures of Bacterionema matruchotii. Paired comparisons were made between thiol levels of exponential- and stationary-phase cultures. Values for stationary phase were consistently and significantly (P less than 0.01) lower. If bacterial thiol loss is an effect of culture ageing rather than a cause, the same possibility must be considered with respect to tissue. However, if thiol loss is a cause of ageing, the role for thiol loss in tissue ageing would be strengthened. A major problem in the biology of ageing is to distinguish between cause and consequence. Bacterial culture could provide a relatively simple model for such inquiry. PMID- 3229148 TI - Regulatory effects of testosterone and 17 beta-oestradiol on the metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine by renal and hepatic microsomal enzymes from BALB/c mice. AB - Previous investigations with BALB/c mice have demonstrated that no sex-related differences exist in the ability of liver microsomal fractions (S-9) to biotransform dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to its active mutagenic metabolites as evidenced by bacterial screening assays. In contrast, kidney microsomal enzymes from adult male BALB/c mice and not from females, castrates, and immature animals, were capable of activating DMN. The present study was designed to test the effects of testosterone and oestradiol on DMN bioactivation by hepatic or renal microsomal enzymes. Mutagenic assays were performed using liver and kidney microsomal enzymes with the histidine deficient mutant Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Results indicate that testosterone treatment of female BALB/c mice resulted in an increase in the ability of their renal microsomal enzymes to metabolize DMN to its active mutagenic intermediates. Renal microsomal enzymes from female mice treated with 17 beta-oestradiol had no effect on DMN metabolism. However, the ability of the renal microsomal enzymes treated with 17 beta oestradiol to bioactivate DMN was significantly decreased in males. PMID- 3229150 TI - The extended family revisited: grandparents rearing grandchildren. PMID- 3229149 TI - In their own words: concerns of young children. PMID- 3229151 TI - Munchausen syndrome by proxy. PMID- 3229153 TI - Stress and psychopathology in children of international employees. PMID- 3229152 TI - Interpersonal understanding and moral judgment in adolescents with emotional and cognitive disorders. PMID- 3229154 TI - Depressive states in 11 psychiatrically hospitalized preschoolers: investigation and review. PMID- 3229155 TI - Treatment of autistic children: relative effectiveness of residential, out patient and home-based interventions. PMID- 3229156 TI - Age of onset of aggressive conduct disorder: a pilot study. PMID- 3229157 TI - The extended pediatric assessment--an approach to the child with psychosomatic symptoms. PMID- 3229158 TI - Maternal risk status and outcome measures: a three-stage study in Israel. PMID- 3229159 TI - Contrasting child psychiatry and family therapy. PMID- 3229160 TI - Differentiating inpatient clinically-diagnosed and normal children using the Children's Depression Inventory. PMID- 3229161 TI - Serum thyroid hormone levels of heifers grazing leucaena leucocephala in southern Taiwan. AB - This study investigated the effect of prolonged ingestion of Leucaena leucocephala, a leguminous shrub with a potential as a source of animal feed in Southern Taiwan, by heifers on serum thyroid hormone levels. Ten crossbred beef heifers were divided into treated (grazing Hawaiian wildtype leucaena) and control (grazing Pangola grass only) groups of 5 animals each. The heifers grazing leucaena exhibited significantly (P less than 0.001) lower serum total triiodothyronine levels and also showed a tendency (P less than 0.10) for a lower thyroxine level. Growth rates to 90 days were 0.26 +/- 0.02 and 0.17 +/- 0.02 kg/day for heifers on Pangola grass and leucaena pastures, respectively. The difference was significant (P less than 0.05). Three of five heifers grazing leucaena showed severe hair loss from the tail and other parts of the body. Our results suggest that leucaena toxicity to animals may be present in Southern Taiwan. PMID- 3229162 TI - Closed-loop analysis of the reflex function in orthostatic hypotension. AB - The arterial baroreceptors and cardiopulmonary receptors are important for the control of blood pressure during orthostatic stress. We assessed the baroreflex loop gain of arterial pressure compensation to orthostatic hypotension in pentobarbital-anesthetized and gallamine-paralyzed dogs subjected to 45 degrees and 90 degrees head-up tilt. The orthostatic hypotension before and after sinus denervation and cervical vagotomy was designated as D' and D, respectively. The loop gain (G) was calculated using closed-loop analysis: G = (D/D')-1. In 10 dogs, the D', D and G were 17.2 +/- 2.2 (mean +/- SE) mmHg, 64.2 +/- 4.4 mmHg and 2.73 +/- 0.26, respectively in 45 degrees tilt; and 30.6 +/- 3.2 mmHg, 80.7 +/- 5.2 mmHg and 1.64 +/- 0.24, respectively in 90 degrees tilt. Atropine sulfate (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) eliminated the reflex tachycardia, but did not affect the SAP change during the head-up tilt. The effects of cervical vagotomy on the orthostatic hypotension were thus attributed to interruption of the aortic nerves and vagal afferents. The data provide a quantitative measure of the baroreflex function during the orthostatic stress. The loop gain is not a constant function because the value is significantly less in 90 degrees than in 45 degrees tilt (P less than 0.05). The nonlinear control system implies that the baroreflex compensation became less efficient in the face of a greater blood pressure perturbation. PMID- 3229163 TI - Acute effects of cigarette smoking on total respiratory resistance measured by partial airway occlusion. AB - Acute effects of inhalation of cigarette smoke on total respiratory resistance (Rrs) were studied by the partial airway occlusion method in five normal subjects. It was found that all five normal subjects were responders, though in two subjects the response was relatively weak. The results also demonstrated that the partial airway occlusion method is sensitive enough to detect the effects of cigarette smoking on Rrs. From the scatter of the individual data, it seems that the variation, or instability of response, is larger immediately after smoking compared with control. Since one of the subjects complained of dizziness when his resistance was not significantly increased, it is possible that systemic absorption of nicotine from inhalation of cigarette smoke is not necessarily related to increased Rrs. PMID- 3229164 TI - Effects of chronic smoking on respiratory muscle function. AB - To investigate the effects of chronic smoking on respiratory muscle function, 20 heavy smokers and 20 nonsmokers were studied. After familiarization, respiratory muscle strength, inspiratory muscle endurance and the spirometric function (including FVC, FEV 1, FEV1/FVC, tidal volume, breathing rate and duty cycle) were measured. The respiratory muscle strength was indicated by the maximal static inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PIMmax and PEMmax). Inspiratory muscle endurance was determined by a modified Nickerson-Keens method. The results showed that long-term smoking drastically enhanced expiratory muscle strength (p less than 0.01) and slightly increased inspiratory muscle strength (p less than 0.05). The inspiratory muscle endurance, in contrast, was reduced in the smokers (p less than 0.05). We also observed the tendency of decreases in the duty cycle and FEV1/FVC in the smokers. We, therefore, conclude that chronic smoking can raise respiratory muscle strength but impair the inspiratory muscle endurance. PMID- 3229165 TI - [Perforation of the large intestine by a contrast medium enema with barium]. AB - This is a report about five patients who suffered a perforation of the colon during a barium-sulfate enema. In one case, barium leaked into the intraperitoneal cavity causing a barium peritonitis. In the other four cases, leakage into the retroperitoneal cavity occurred. All patients underwent surgical removal and drainage of the barium-sulfate and subsequently required a colostomy. In two cases a bowel resection was additionally performed. In one case the defect re-sutured. Antibiotic therapy was included in all cases. All patients survived the incident and were discharged between 20 days and four months postoperatively. Publications and personal experience led us to manage intraperitoneal or large retroperitoneal perforations by prompt laparotomy with removal of barium and faeces. A proximal colostomy is also required. In smaller retroperitoneal perforations conservative management is feasible, however, if the patient's condition deteriorates, they should be treated as recommended for an intraperitoneal perforation. PMID- 3229166 TI - [Long-term results following surgery of varicose veins]. AB - In a long-term follow-up after operation for primary varicose vein disease, patients were revisited 5, 10 and 15 years after their operation, in an attempt to define the goal of the treatment and the result. The results were analyzed as well as those factors which had a significant influence on the findings at assessment. The long-term results were good with respect to the patient's self judgement and relative to improvement of trophic disturbances, especially of venous ulceration, however recurrent superficial varicose veins increase significantly with increasing follow-up time. The outstanding role of incompetent communicating veins is discussed with respect to trophic disturbances and recurrent varicose veins. PMID- 3229168 TI - [The anterior tibial muscle as a distal pedicled osteomuscular transposition flap]. PMID- 3229167 TI - [Validation study of the Mannheim Peritonitis Index]. AB - 113 patients suffering from purulent peritonitis entered this retrospective study for evaluation of the prognostic value of the Mannheim Peritonitis-Index. There was no lethality below an index x = 21, between x = 21 and x = 29, it was 29% and lethality increased to 100% in patients with an index x greater than or equal to 30. Statistical validation showed that prognosis was correct in 93% for the index x = 27, with a sensitivity and specificity of also 93%. Between x = 21 and x = 29 prognosis of the MPI was correct in at least 65%. The MPI is shown as a prognostic index for peritonitis with high accuracy in individual prognosis, that could be easy routinely documented. PMID- 3229169 TI - [Multilocular gastrointestinal lymphoma of the Burkitt type in AIDS]. PMID- 3229170 TI - [Colonic lipoma--a rare tumor leading to laparotomy]. PMID- 3229171 TI - [Ambulatory preoperative autologous blood donation using the leap frog procedure. A report of experiences]. PMID- 3229172 TI - TMJ diagnostics alarm researchers. PMID- 3229174 TI - Ramus frame configuration best suited for severely atrophied mandibles. PMID- 3229173 TI - Porcelain inlays fill esthetic gap. PMID- 3229175 TI - [Ambulatory surgery in France: tomorrow? By adaptation of the American experience?]. PMID- 3229176 TI - Nucleolar changes after microinjection of antibodies to RNA polymerase I into the nucleus of mammalian cells. AB - After microinjection of antibodies against RNA polymerase I into the nuclei of cultured rat kangaroo (PtK2) and rat (RVF-SMC) cells alterations in nucleolar structure and composition were observed. These were detected by electron microscopy and double-label immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies to proteins representative of the three major components of the nucleolus. The microinjected antibodies produced a progressive loss of the material of the dense fibrillar component (DFC) from the nucleoli which, at 4 h after injection, were transformed into bodies with purely granular component (GC) structure with attached fibrillar centers (FCs). Concomitantly, numerous extranucleolar aggregates appeared in the nucleoplasm which morphologically resembled fragments of the DFC and contained a protein (fibrillarin) diagnostic for this nucleolar structure. These observations indicate that the topological distribution of the material constituting the DFC can be experimentally influenced in interphase cells, apparently by modulating the transcriptional activity of the rRNA genes. These effects are different from nucleolar lesions induced by inhibitory drugs such as actinomycin D-dependent "nucleolar segregation". The structural alterations induced by antibodies to RNA polymerase I resemble, however, the initial events of nucleolar disintegration during mitotic prophase. PMID- 3229177 TI - Univalent sex chromosomes in spermatocytes of Sxr-carrying mice. AB - Pachytene configurations of the sex chromosomes were studied in whole-mount, silver-stained preparations of spermatocytes in mice with XY,Sxr, XX,Sxr, XO,Sxr, XO,Sxr + 5(12) and T(X;4)37H,YSxr chromosomes, and non-Sxr-carrying controls. XY,Sxr males showed an increased number of X and Y univalents and of self synapsed Y chromosomes. In T(X;4)37H,YSxr males an increased proportion of trivalent + Y configurations was also accompanied by higher numbers of self paired Y univalents; the proportion of trivalent + X4 was not increased, but that of self-synapsed X4 univalents was. There was more self-synapsis in cells containing one univalent than in cells containing two univalents. Spermatocytes of XX,Sxr mice contained a single univalent X, which was never seen to be self synapsed, but self-synapsis of the X occurred in a proportion of cells in XO,Sxr males. There were no self-paired X chromosomes in the XO,Sxr + 5(12) mouse although low-level pairing of the 5(12) chromosome occurred. All four XX,Sxr and XO,Sxr males contained testicular sperm, and testicular sperm were also present in one T(X;4)37H male, while another such male had sperm in the caput. It is concluded that (1) self-synapsis of univalents is affected by variable conditions in the cell as well as by the DNA sequences of the chromosome, and (2) that the level of achievable spermatogenesis is not always rigidly predetermined by a chromosome anomaly but can be modulated by the genetic background. PMID- 3229178 TI - A novel centromeric repetitive DNA from human chromosome 22. AB - A recombinant DNA clone localized in the centromeric region of chromosome 22 was isolated from a flow-sorted human chromosome 22 DNA library. When the original insert of about 1.9 kb was used to probe Southern blots of EcoRI-digested genomic DNA it revealed at least 40 fragments. A comparable pattern was obtained with each of the three subclones (800, 700, and 380 bp). In situ hybridization showed signals clustered in the region 22cen. DNA sequence analysis using the 380 bp fragment subcloned in pTZ18/19 (p22hom48.4) revealed eight copies of a 48 bp repeat and the size of hybridizing restriction fragments indicated that this tandemly repeated sequence is spread over a region of a few hundred kilobases. Whereas this novel DNA, termed D22Z3, displayed no sequence homology to rodent and monkey genomes cross-homology was discernible for DNA from two great ape species. PMID- 3229179 TI - Packing of the 30 nm chromatin fiber in the human metaphase chromosome. AB - The human genetic material is packed hierarchically within the metaphase chromosome: the DNA molecule together with histone proteins form 11 nm diameter nucleosomes, which are then ordered into the 30 nm thick chromatin fiber. Little is known about the packing of this fiber within the chromosome. We have developed a tracking algorithm with which we followed its path within a three-dimensional reconstruction of a human chromosome computed from a series of electron micrographic projections. Fiber segments were seen to form loops of 100-350 nm diameter. Our observations indicate that these loops--which themselves show no preferred orientation--are organised into regions of roughly 200 nm axial extent. PMID- 3229180 TI - [Changes in plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TXB2 lipid peroxides in acute cerebral infarction patients and the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on these three indices]. PMID- 3229181 TI - [A study on acid-base dysequilibrium in patients with cerebrovascular accident]. PMID- 3229182 TI - [Cigarette smoking and abdominal aortic atherosclerosis]. PMID- 3229183 TI - [A clinical analysis of 200 cases of aspirin-induced asthma]. PMID- 3229184 TI - [Characteristics of colon polyps in the aged]. PMID- 3229185 TI - [Therapeutic effect of Ganoderma applonatum (GA) on chronic hepatitis B]. PMID- 3229186 TI - [A clinicopathological study of seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. PMID- 3229187 TI - [The cause and significance of hemorheologic changes in patients with hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3229188 TI - [A study on the immune function of erythrocyte in patients with leukemia]. PMID- 3229189 TI - [Significance of intrinsic factor blocking antibody in serum]. PMID- 3229190 TI - [A study on the prognosis of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis]. PMID- 3229191 TI - [A clinical study of chronic thyrotoxic myopathy]. PMID- 3229192 TI - [Checkout of cancer-specific proteins and application in diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 3229193 TI - [Effect of diltiazem on ventilation in healthy subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 3229194 TI - [Detection of HBF-DNA by spot hybridization using a biotin-labelled probe]. PMID- 3229195 TI - [Report of 4 cases of Sjogren's syndrome complicated with chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 3229196 TI - [Transmucosal potential difference in erosive duodenitis and its changes after treatment with colloidal bismuth subcitrate]. PMID- 3229197 TI - Cell and molecular biology of vertebrate hard tissues. PMID- 3229198 TI - [Effect of anticonvulsant drugs on calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone mineral content (BMC) changes in epileptics]. PMID- 3229199 TI - [A preliminary study of serum anti-encephalic antibodies in epileptics]. PMID- 3229200 TI - [CT findings in epilepsy and their evaluation--analysis of CT findings in 366 cases]. PMID- 3229201 TI - [An analysis of the causes of epilepsy in 440 cases]. PMID- 3229202 TI - [Epileptic seizures in atherosclerotic cerebral infarction]. PMID- 3229203 TI - [Noradrenalin and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase changes in cerebral microvessels of rats during partial ischemia]. PMID- 3229204 TI - [Clinicopathologic findings of hepatic neuropathy: a case report]. PMID- 3229205 TI - [Theory and practice of forensic psychiatry in testifying mentally criminal cases]. PMID- 3229206 TI - [Forensic psychiatric appraisement of 645 cases]. PMID- 3229207 TI - [The criminal legal ability of mental patients]. PMID- 3229208 TI - [Forensic psychiatric appraisement on the sexual crime of 12 mentally retarded cases]. PMID- 3229209 TI - [The criminal motive of mental patients]. PMID- 3229210 TI - [A comparative study of evoked potentials on clinical symptoms and treatment efficiency in acute schizophrenics]. PMID- 3229211 TI - [The clinical practice of the 1984-diagnostic criteria of manic-depressive disorder of Chinese medical association]. PMID- 3229212 TI - [Value of technically coloured X-ray films in diagnosis of avascular necrosis of femoral head]. PMID- 3229213 TI - [Morphometric observation on development of fetal hip]. PMID- 3229214 TI - [Experimental study of regeneration of the meniscus after meniscectomy]. PMID- 3229215 TI - [Effect of resection of the posterior structures of the lumbar spine: a biomechanical study]. PMID- 3229216 TI - [Study of the state of blood circulation of the extremity using infrared thermography]. PMID- 3229217 TI - [Transmission electron microscopic study on short-term cultured cells of giant cell tumor of bone]. PMID- 3229218 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic study on short-term cultured cells of giant cell tumor of bone]. PMID- 3229219 TI - [Prone position in the treatment of ureteral calculi with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy]. PMID- 3229220 TI - [Choice of operation in congenital dilatation of the bile duct in adults]. PMID- 3229221 TI - [Usage of temporary cardiac pacing in operative patients]. PMID- 3229222 TI - [Myotomy with omentum covering and valvoplasty in the treatment of achalasia]. PMID- 3229223 TI - [Operative treatment of traumatic arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 3229224 TI - [Distant epidural hematomas after removal of acoustic neurinomas]. PMID- 3229225 TI - [Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma after craniotomy]. PMID- 3229226 TI - [Histochemical and ultrastructural study of gallbladder epithelium in patients with cholelithiasis]. PMID- 3229227 TI - [Manometric observation of the esophagus and intrathoracic stomach after partial esophagectomy in carcinoma]. PMID- 3229228 TI - [An experimental study on the protective effects of combined use of inosine and propranolol in warm ischemic kidney]. PMID- 3229229 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of epidural lidocaine anesthesia]. PMID- 3229230 TI - [The changes in systemic and hepatic hemodynamics with phenylephrine during the epidural block in dog]. PMID- 3229231 TI - [Normal range of indices of noninvasive cardiac output monitor and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3229232 TI - [Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia with F respiration return circuit combined intravenous anesthesia]. PMID- 3229233 TI - [Post-clavicular approach of brachial plexus block: anatomy study and clinical application]. PMID- 3229234 TI - [Clinical analysis of 93 cases of Volkmann's contracture following improperly applied external fixation]. PMID- 3229235 TI - [Complication of small splints used in immobilizing limb fracture. Report of 21 cases]. PMID- 3229236 TI - [Analysis of 28 cases of peripheral nerve injury resulted from wooden splint and plaster]. PMID- 3229237 TI - [Severe complications following incorrect use of small wooden splints]. PMID- 3229238 TI - [Surgical treatment of constrictive pericarditis and postoperative jaundice]. PMID- 3229239 TI - [Experience in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic complete rupture of the bronchus]. PMID- 3229240 TI - [Complications of catheter cerebral angiography]. PMID- 3229241 TI - [Surgical treatment of colorectal cancer in association with schistosomiasis]. PMID- 3229242 TI - [A study of computerized gait analysis system and three dimensional analysis of foot-ground reaction forces during level walking]. PMID- 3229243 TI - [Diagnostic value of serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3229244 TI - [Treatment of congenital dislocation of hip in children failed with closed reduction by a new device splint]. PMID- 3229245 TI - [Clinical application of gastro-intestinal staplers]. PMID- 3229246 TI - [Late results of spleno-renal shunt in portal hypertension: report of 142 cases]. PMID- 3229247 TI - [Distal splenorenal shunt in the treatment of portal hypertension]. PMID- 3229248 TI - [Treatment of portal hypertension with portasystemic shunt and porto-azygous block]. PMID- 3229249 TI - [The right accessory hepatic duct: report of 6 cases]. PMID- 3229250 TI - [Hepatic encephalopathy: a clinical analysis of 107 cases]. PMID- 3229251 TI - [Clinical analysis of thermography in breast diseases]. PMID- 3229252 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potentials monitoring during operation of the spinal cord]. PMID- 3229253 TI - [Omnipaque myelography in diagnosis of lumbar spinal disorders]. PMID- 3229255 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of heart wounds]. PMID- 3229254 TI - [Evaluation of different operative procedures in the treatment of spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 3229256 TI - [Postoperative hemorrhage and cardiac tamponade after heart valve replacement]. PMID- 3229258 TI - [Observations on ultrastructure of gastric mucosa]. PMID- 3229257 TI - [Effect of glycerol and amino-acid infusion in postoperative patients]. PMID- 3229259 TI - [Experimental research of argon laser tissue effects on rabbits brain and clinical application]. PMID- 3229261 TI - [Observation of the structure changes of chondrocyte in articular cartilage of knee following meniscectomy]. PMID- 3229262 TI - [A study on mechanism of bladder regeneration on pedicled omentum]. PMID- 3229260 TI - [The experimental study on the motility of Oddi sphincter]. PMID- 3229263 TI - [Epidemiological study on fungi in burn unit of a hospital, Chongqing]. PMID- 3229264 TI - [Operative injury of peripheral nerve: report of 39 cases]. PMID- 3229265 TI - [Treatment of atrophic ulcer and chronic osteomyelitis of foot induced by injury of cauda equina]. PMID- 3229266 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of saphenous nerve entrapment]. PMID- 3229267 TI - [Effect of gastric arterial flow on intramural venous pressure in portal hypertension]. PMID- 3229268 TI - [Influences of procaine in different serum concentrations on mesentery microcirculation of rabbits before and during hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 3229269 TI - [Serum C-reactive protein: an aid to management of postoperative biliary infection]. PMID- 3229270 TI - [Characteristics of amino acid profile in pigment and cholesterol gallstones]. PMID- 3229271 TI - [Management of recurrent acoustic neuromas]. PMID- 3229272 TI - [Analysis of 82 cases of peripheral aneurysm]. PMID- 3229273 TI - [Clinicopathologic analysis of lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer: a report of 127 cases]. PMID- 3229274 TI - [Non-neoplastic mass of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 3229275 TI - [Autotransplantation of the adrenal in hyperadrenocorticism: report of 9 cases]. PMID- 3229276 TI - [Reconstruction of anal sphincter with a double-split gluteus maximus muscle flap in carcinoma of the lower rectum and anal canal]. PMID- 3229277 TI - Developmental pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin in 4 newborn infants. AB - The disposition of mezlocillin was evaluated in 4 newborn infants in a sequential two-phase study at postnatal ages of 1 day and 8 or 10 days. Renal function was estimated by creatinine clearance (CLCR) and pharmacokinetic parameters of mezlocillin was were determined from serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates. All weight-normalized mezlocillin clearances (total, renal, and nonrenal) and CLCR were less than adult values, but increased after 8 or 10 days of mezlocillin therapy and postnatal development. The volume of distribution at steady state did not significantly change throughout this period, and approximated the expanded extracellular fluid volume typically found in neonates. The elimination half-lives were substantially shorter by phase II of the study. Both renal and nonrenal elimination processes were enhanced by 1 week of postnatal development even though body weight did not increase. Mezlocillin disposition in neonates is thus affected by body weight, gestational age, and postnatal age. PMID- 3229278 TI - Potentiating effects of verapamil on cardiovascular teratogenicity of phenobarbital in the chick embryos. AB - Teratogenic to subteratogenic doses of phenobarbital were administered to young chick embryos together with a calcium-blocking agent, verapamil, at doses where it alone induces no cardiovascular malformations. The cardiovascular teratogenicity of phenobarbital was significantly potentiated by verapamil (5 X 10(-11), 1 X 10(-10) mol). The alteration of calcium movement into the cell and/or depressed cardiac function following impaired calcium transport by verapamil are suggested as modus operandi in the potentiation of phenobarbital induced cardiovascular malformations. PMID- 3229279 TI - Milrinone effects in the isolated immature rabbit heart. AB - Milrinone, a new positive inotropic agent, was evaluated and compared to isoproterenol in an immature isolated isovolumic rabbit heart model. Three age groups were studied: newborns (0-6 days), juveniles (4-6 weeks old) and adults (5 7 months old). Heart rate did not change significantly with milrinone or isoproterenol in adults or juveniles, but increased in newborns from 144 +/- 1 to 162 +/- (SEM) 6 beats/min at peak milrinone effect. Milrinone had a greater effect on the contractility (maximum positive dP/dt) of the mature hearts, with newborns increasing to 134 +/- 6% of baseline, juveniles to 154 +/- 8% and adults to 216 +/- 15%. Results were similar for isoproterenol, although the positive inotropic effect occurred over a wider dosage range for this drug. No additive effects of the two drugs were noted. We conclude, that although milrinone is a positive inotropic drug in all age groups studied, the response of the newborn heart is quantitatively much weaker than that of the adult. PMID- 3229280 TI - Revised pharmacokinetic constants for use under Systeme International. AB - Two additional kinetic constants are defined and their values given for a number of drugs. These constants can be used when dealing with plasma drug levels reported in Systeme International Units in order to maintain traditional kinetic calculations in estimating loading doses, infusion rates, and plasma levels from drug ingestions. The constants are termed VDSI and ClSI and are used in place of the traditional apparent volume of distribution and total plasma clearance. Constants for a number of drugs are given. PMID- 3229281 TI - Benzyl alcohol metabolism and elimination in neonates. AB - Reports on fatal benzyl alcohol poisoning in premature neonates implied that the toxicity may be due to larger doses per kilogram than for adults. It has been postulated that the load of benzoic acid (metabolite of benzyl alcohol) may exceed the capacity of the immature liver or kidney for detoxification through glycine conjugation to form hippuric acid. To test this hypothesis, 14 term and 9 preterm neonates receiving loading doses of phenobarbital containing benzyl alcohol were studied. Urine and serum benzoic and hippuric acid levels were measured by GC and HPLC methods, respectively. There was greater accumulation of benzoic acid in the serum of preterm compared to the term neonates which was reflected in higher normalized peak levels (2130.6 vs. 237.8 kg/l, p less than 0.001) and larger normalized AUCIV (1,253.2 vs. 483.0 kg.h/l, p less than 0.01). Furthermore, larger percentages of benzyl alcohol doses were found in urine as benzoic acid in preterm babies, while less hippuric acid appeared in their urine than term newborns. These results indicate that hippuric acid formation is deficient in preterm neonates. Although we did not encounter in our patients the specific toxic signs described as part of the benzyl alcohol toxicity syndrome, we cannot directly answer the issue of safety of 'low doses' of benzyl alcohol as found in some medications administered to neonates. This study confirms the immaturity of the benzoic acid detoxification process in premature newborns. PMID- 3229282 TI - Diuretic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in infants from the analysis of urinary drug excretion data. AB - New equations are described that permit the determination of both drug disposition and diuretic response of luminally active diuretics from the analysis of urinary drug excretion data. The methods represent a convenient and logical approach for the clinical study of the disposition of renally excreted drugs that are described by a one-compartment open model and the response of luminally active diuretics that exhibit a linear diuretic excretion rate-response relationship. The validity of the approach is verified in a study of furosemide disposition and response in 10 infants. These methods will facilitate the studies of diuretics in newborn and young infants and other populations that are difficult to study by conventional methodology. PMID- 3229283 TI - Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA from seminal vesicle tissue encoding the precursor of the major protein of bull semen. AB - A cDNA library derived from poly(A)+RNA of bull seminal vesicle tissue was screened with a synthetic DNA probe specific for the major protein of bull semen. A positive clone pMP17, containing a 680-bp insert, was sequenced. In combination with primer-extension sequencing of poly(A)+RNA, a DNA sequence of 700 bp was determined. This DNA encodes a reading frame for 134 amino acids, starting with an ATG and terminated by a TAG codon. The first 25 amino acids constitute a signal peptide segment followed by 109 amino acids with the known sequence of the major protein. The initiation methionine occurs within the sequence CTACCATGG, which is highly homologous to a putative control signal for translational efficiency of mammalian mRNAs. The DNA sequence comprises a 3' untranslated region of 276 bp and the polyadenylation signal AATAAA, 13 bp upstream from a tract of A residues. Northern analysis indicated the presence of a 750-bp mRNA species in poly(A)+RNA of seminal vesicle tissue. According to Southern analysis, one gene appears to specify the major protein of bull semen. PMID- 3229284 TI - Constitutive attachment of murine erythroleukemia cell histone-depleted DNA loops to nuclear scaffolding is found in the beta-major but not the alpha 1-globin gene. AB - We have identified a region of the beta-globin gene that is attached constitutively to histone-depleted murine erythroleukemia cell nuclei. This region spans 800 bp and is located at -300 to -1100 bp upstream from the site of transcriptional initiation. Attachment is not altered by transcriptional activation of the beta-globin gene during induction to terminal differentiation, and the same region of the beta-globin gene is attached to histone-depleted myeloma cell nuclei (NS-1). The attached region contains an A/T-rich section, in addition to a sequence closely related to the Drosophila topoisomerase II consensus cleavage sequence. No comparable site of attachment of the alpha 1 globin gene was detected when a region spanning 1.5 kb 5' to 0.5 kb 3' of the region of transcription was studied. PMID- 3229285 TI - Cloning and structure of the human adrenodoxin gene. AB - Adrenodoxin is an iron-sulfur protein that serves as an electron transport intermediate for all mitochondrial forms of cytochrome P450. To facilitate studying the regulation of adrenodoxin, we have cloned and determined the structure of the human adrenodoxin gene. It spans more than 20 kb, containing four exons and three introns. The first exon encodes the 60-amino-acid signal peptide, directing transport of the protein into the inner mitochondrial matrix. The mature peptide of 124 amino acids is encoded by the other three exons. The third exon encodes the portion of the protein containing the iron-sulfur center and a domain which binds other components of the electron transport chain. The transcriptional start sites were determined by primer extension and S1 nuclease mapping. The 5'-flanking region of this gene contains canonical promoters including a TATA box at nucleotide position -30 and two GC boxes at nucleotide positions -60 and -100. The sequence at nucleotides -234 to -252 is also highly homologous to the glucocorticoid-responsive element and the estrogen-responsive element. PMID- 3229286 TI - Characterization of pro-opiomelanocortin cDNA from the Old World monkey, Macaca nemestrina. AB - An observation from high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) suggesting that monkey beta-endorphin (BE) was chemically different from human or rat BE was investigated by determining the cDNA sequence for the monkey pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) precursor. A full-length cDNA for POMC was isolated from a Macaca nemestrina whole pituitary cDNA library. The longest open reading frame predicts a 264-residue polypeptide exhibiting the basic structure of POMC that is closely homologous to the human counterpart. The monkey BE sequence apparently diverged from the human sequence after the latter had made the His-27 to Tyr-27 change but prior to the Gln-31 to Glu-31 transition, leaving it more hydrophobic than rat or human BE, consistent with its chromatography on reverse-phase HPLC. Comparison of the monkey POMC precursor with those of other species highlights conserved domains, presumably reflecting regions of physiological activity that await elucidation. PMID- 3229287 TI - A gene expressed in the endoderm of the sea urchin embryo. AB - Using a previously cloned, developmentally regulated mRNA sequence expressed predominantly in the endoderm of sea urchin pluteus larvae, we isolated genomic clones and additional cDNA clones to define the gene and the protein it encodes. Nucleic acid sequencing revealed that the gene consists of four exons interrupted by three introns and spans approximately 3600 bp. It encodes a low-molecular weight protein with polar ends. A stretch of Glu and Asp residues at its carboxyl terminus suggests that it is a nucleic acid-binding protein and a stretch of four Lys residues near the amino terminus suggests a nuclear localization signal. PMID- 3229288 TI - Variability of the pattern electroretinogram. AB - Conflicting results have been obtained concerning the parametric properties of the pattern electroretinogram. These discrepancies may be due to the large amount of variability inherent in recording amplitudes. We have found the variability within a single stimulus condition to be so large (ranging from 30% to 67% of the mean value) that it could mask any underlying spatial frequency tuning. Changing the stimulus conditions failed to significantly reduce the observed variability, although changing recording conditions produced some reduction. The use of a narrower rejection band, a greater number of sweeps, and placement of the reference electrode on the ipsilateral ear (as opposed to the ipsilateral temple) combined to decrease variability of the pattern electroretinogram within a single recording session; however, intersession variability remained high. Therefore one must be careful in evaluating data from this technique, and caution is advised in its clinical use. PMID- 3229289 TI - The pattern electroretinogram by skin electrodes: effect of spatial frequency and age. AB - Steady-state (8 Hz) pattern electroretinograms in response to sinusoidal gratings were recorded from 18 elder subjects (mean age 62.7 years) and 22 young subjects (mean age 27 years) by means of skin electrodes. All subjects were free from ocular pathology and their corrected visual acuity was 1.0 or better. In young subjects the second harmonic amplitude as a function of spatial frequency is spatially tuned, with a maximum at around 1.7 c/deg. The response of elder subjects is significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced over the whole range of spatial frequency as compared with that of younger ones. This decrease is more marked (P less than 0.01) at intermediate spatial frequencies, resulting in a shallower tuning. The response phase is not significantly different between young and elder subjects. PMID- 3229290 TI - Retinocortical conduction time in diabetics with abnormal pattern reversal electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials. AB - Clinically evident retinal vascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus may be preceded by an increase in visual evoked potential latency in electrophysiologic testing. This increase may indicate either retinal or optic nerve dysfunction. To determine the origin of the latency increase we initiated a cross-sectional study of simultaneous pattern-reversal electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials. We recorded transient (3.8 reversals/second) pattern electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials using both 15' and 60' high contrast black-white checks. Fifty-five diabetic patients (34 with no retinopathy and 21 with background retinopathy) and 34 age-matched visual normals (controls) were tested. Group data in diabetics showed significant latency increases in both tests, but not significant differences in retinocortical conduction time were noted. These results suggest that the increases in visual evoked potential latency exhibited by diabetic patients with little or no retinopathy usually reflect altered retinal function rather than optic neuropathy. Two patients with background retinopathy exhibited retinocortical conduction times that exceeded the normal mean by more than two standard deviations, suggesting that optic neuropathy may occasionally occur in diabetic patients with background retinopathy. PMID- 3229291 TI - Changes in the focal electroretinogram with retinal eccentricity. AB - Flicker sensitivity increases in the peripheral retina when relatively large targets are used. This enhancement of cone system-mediated temporal sensitivity persists even when corrections are made for cortical magnification factors. It has been suggested that the differences in temporal frequency response characteristics across the retina are based on differences in receptor morphology between the peripheral and central cones. We have examined a possible retinal origin of this phenomenon by obtaining psychophysical and electroretinographic data at a variety of locations on the temporal retina. Psychophysical results show an increased sensitivity for high temporal frequency stimuli (above 30 Hz) with retinal eccentricity whether or not the stimulus size was scaled. Focal electroretinograms recorded with a constant size stimulus did not show an increase in amplitude with eccentricity. However, when an equal number of receptors were stimulated by scaling the target size, focal amplitudes were larger in the periphery. The electrophysiological findings are consistent with a possible retinal origin for this flicker enhancement phenomenon. PMID- 3229292 TI - Macular electroretinogram as a function of age of subjects. AB - Macular and paramacular electroretinograms in response to two adjacent checks (6 deg/side), alternating at constant mean luminance, were recorded in 34 normal subjects ranging in age from 16 to 74 years. The macular electroretinogram declines progressively in amplitude with age (R = -0.42; P = 0.013). The amplitude ratio between macular and paramacular responses tends to be independent of age (R = -0.21; P = 0.22). Age-related changes in the macular electroretinogram shown in our study are consistent with previous anatomical and functional studies, which indicate a deterioration of photoreceptors beyond 20 years of age. These results suggest a possible use of this technique for future studies on macular degeneration. PMID- 3229293 TI - Dynamic stereoacuity: a comparison of electrophysiological and psychophysical responses in normal and stereoblind observers. AB - We compared stereoscopic thresholds determined psychophysically and by using visually evoked potentials in normal adult and stereoblind subjects. For normal observers there was a strong linear relationship between visual evoked potential amplitude and disparity (r = 0.86 on average). However, stereoblind observers' responses showed no relationship to disparity (r = 0.18 on average). For normal observers, log visual evoked potential stereo thresholds determined by an extrapolation procedure were on average within 0.17 octaves of the psychophysically determined log thresholds. They did not differ significantly from psychophysical thresholds, and they correlated significantly with behavioral thresholds (r = 0.86). PMID- 3229294 TI - Preoperative prediction of postoperative visual acuity in patients with cataracts: a quantitative review. AB - Many tests of visual function have been proposed as means of preoperatively evaluating cataract patients' surgical outcomes. It is impractical to compare all of these tests simultaneously on the same group of patients. Quantitative reviews apply quantitative methods to comparisons across studies. We compared the results of 52 reports in which cataract patients' postoperative acuity was predicted by means of visually evoked potential, laser interferometry, or projection tests (potential acuity meters-pinhole). The results of each study were summarized in a 2 x 2 contingency table. Summary statistics were compared by means of analysis of variance and post hoc tests. Despite difficulties in metaanalysis, we found the visually evoked potential a better predictor with dense opacities. We recommend standardization in a quest for more precise predictions of postoperative visual acuity. PMID- 3229295 TI - Pattern visual evoked cortical potential waveforms and spatial frequency characteristics in children. AB - Development of visual evoked cortical potential waveforms and the spatial frequency characteristics of the pattern reversal stimuli were studied in children from 7 weeks to 15 years of age. All subjects were born at term. Waveforms were found to change rapidly during the first several months after the birth, from single slow positive peaks to negative-positive-negative complex. Spatial frequency characteristics in N2 latencies were observed to develop rather slowly up to school age. Long-term development of pattern vision in children was suggested. PMID- 3229296 TI - The effects of beta-adrenergic agonists on cone systems in the cat eye. AB - The effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist nylidrin and the beta 2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on electroretinogram and optic nerve response were studied in the isolated and arterially perfused, light-adapted cat eye. Two cone mechanisms, short wavelength-sensitive and long wavelength-sensitive, were functionally separated by means of intense yellow adaptation. A reversible increase in b-wave amplitude in response to nylidrin or clenbuterol was observed for the cone systems. Both drugs also caused a reversible alteration in configuration of the optic nerve response, mainly a depression of the late components related in time to the changes in the electroretinogram. These observations suggest that beta adrenergic mechanisms are involved in cone systems. The greater increase in b wave amplitude on 558-nm stimulation and preliminary evidence for greater increase in sensitivity observed in the V-log I function compared with 439 nm further suggest that the short and long wavelength cone systems are affected differently by beta-adrenergic agonists. PMID- 3229297 TI - Effects of intravenous L-acetylcarnitine on retinal oscillatory potentials. AB - L-acetylcarnitine is a compound with cholinergic properties and putative action on the visual system and the glucose metabolism. Ten healthy, emmertropic volunteers (age range: 21 to 28 years) were studied. Each subject was administered 5, 10, and 30 mg/kg acute intravenous doses of L-acetylcarnitine and matching placebo. Retinal oscillatory potentials to full-field flash stimulation were recorded before and 30, 60, and 120 min after administration. A systematic reduction of the implicit time of the P2 and N2 oscillatory potential components was observed after administration of the 10 and 30 mg/kg doses: significant changes were not evident at the 5 mg dose or after placebo. The latency reduction was significantly correlated with the postdrug increment of the L-acetylcarnitine plasma concentration. No other systematic modification in latency of amplitude was observed. PMID- 3229298 TI - The developmental changes of ERGs on spontaneous retinal degeneration of Celestial goldfish. AB - The Celestial goldfish, which belongs to the family of telescope-eye goldfish, displays unique spontaneous retinal degeneration associated with developmental anterodorsal protrusion of the eyeball. We observed concurrent changes in the electroretinogram. At the age of 75 days, the retinal layer was developed fully and the electroretinogram exhibited b-wave dominance similar to that of adult common goldfish. At the age of 105 days, when the eyeball began to protrude laterally, the b-wave amplitude decreased to 52% of its earlier developmental stage, with a prolonged peak time. Histologic change was observed in the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor layers. At the age of 135 days, when the eyeball protruded further anterodorsally, the histologic changes extended to all retinal layers and the ERG b-wave was extinguished. Electrophysiologic and histologic changes in the Celestial goldfish eye were found to be proportional to the grade of eye protrusion. Since similar goldfish do not show these changes, however, the Celestial goldfish may be a new model of hereditary retinal degeneration. PMID- 3229299 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the evolution of mammalian genome by comparing genetic maps]. PMID- 3229300 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the rate and causes of asynchronization in a culture of dividing cells]. PMID- 3229301 TI - [Detection of new sources and evaluation of properties of differentiation factors of mesodermal cell types]. PMID- 3229302 TI - [Transmembrane transport of chlorine anions by coordination-unsaturated cobalt (II) complexes with o-phenanthroline]. PMID- 3229303 TI - [2 types of interaction of metallointercalating agents with DNA]. PMID- 3229304 TI - [The effect of cytosine methylation in TTGGA(N5)TCCAA sequence of 5'-flanking region if the chicken betaH-globin gene on the interaction with TGGCA-binding protein in vitro]. PMID- 3229305 TI - [Derivatives of oligonucleotides complementary to viral RNA inhibit replication of tick-borne encephalitis virus in a cell culture]. PMID- 3229306 TI - [Contribution of the kidney and liver into erythropoietin production]. PMID- 3229307 TI - [The mechanism of action of Shiga toxin]. PMID- 3229309 TI - [The role of splenocytes in the process of contact inhibition of cell division]. PMID- 3229308 TI - [Increased levels of immunoreactive endorphins in the stomach, small intestine mucosa and liver of fasting rats]. PMID- 3229310 TI - [A new antibiotic produced by the yeast Williopsis pratensis Babjeva et Reshetova]. PMID- 3229311 TI - [The mechanism of selective action on warm-blooded animals and arthropods of S ethinyl esters of thiophosphoric acid]. PMID- 3229312 TI - [Ineffective synapses in hippocampal slices in vitro]. PMID- 3229313 TI - [Harmanes allosterically modulate serotonin receptors of IA type]. PMID- 3229314 TI - [Transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi from nymphs to imago in the tick Ixodes persulcatus Schulze]. PMID- 3229315 TI - [Stretch-activated potassium channels in the plasma membrane of cleaving loach embryos]. PMID- 3229316 TI - [Monohydration mechanism of the selection of alkali metal cations by the potassium channels of excitable biomembranes]. PMID- 3229317 TI - [Reaction of intestinal enzymes to exogenous hydrocortisone in newborn rats after prenatal or first post-birth day stress]. PMID- 3229318 TI - [Differences in the binding of thiamine and oxythiamine in the pancreas]. PMID- 3229319 TI - A new antitumour agent, batracylin, selected by a preclinical solid tumour model. AB - The antitumour efficacy of batracylin was investigated in vivo against murine tumours. The drug displayed an original spectrum of activity. It was totally inactive against L1210 leukaemia and B16 melanoma, while it was marginally active against ascitic P388 leukaemia. However, the tumour growth of the subcutaneously (s.c.) implanted colon 38 adenocarcinoma (Co 38) was completely inhibited in 80 90% of the mice. Therapeutic efficacy was retained upon oral administration and the drug was able to induce tumour regression in the advanced Co 38 disease. These data justify the selection of batracylin for toxicological studies and possible clinical investigations. PMID- 3229321 TI - Effect of felodipine in refractory hypertension. AB - Felodipine (Plendil), a new drug, has been used in the treatment of five patients with refractory essential hypertension (WHO II-III). Their mean blood pressure at the last outpatient visit before the study was opened was 195 +/- 25/129 +/- 21 mmHg (mean +/- s.d.) (range 175-235/110-165 mmHg), despite treatment with combinations of diuretics, beta-blockers and vasodilators, including minoxidil and captopril. Felodipin is a dihydropyridine derivative, a calcium antagonist that exerts a relaxant effect on resistance vessels. The first period of the study consisted of a 5-day stay in hospital followed by 3 months during which observations were carried out at the Outpatients' Department. After the first days in hospital felodipine therapy was introduced at a dose of 25 mg three times daily, given together with diuretics, beta-blockers and, in one case, captopril. At 8.00 immediately before the first dose was given, the blood pressure was 178 +/- 19/118 +/- 19 mmHg (mean +/- s.d.); 2 h later it was 144 +/- 18/85 +/- 4 mmHg, at which level it remained throughout the rest of the study. At the 3-month follow-up the mean pressure (recorded at the Outpatients' Department) was 138 +/- 20/89 +/- 14 mmHg. Side-effects included headache, flushing, palpitations and ankle oedema (in two patients during the second part of the study); they were of a mild to moderate degree and did not interfere with the treatment. There was no evidence of general fluid retention, and the body weight remained constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229320 TI - Inhibition of biosynthetic processes in P388 and Ehrlich ascites cells by cloturin. AB - The effect of cloturin on biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins in both P388 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells have been studied in vitro. Biosynthesis of macromolecules indicated by the incorporation rate of [14C]adenine (DNA, RNA), [14C]thymidine (DNA), [14C]uridine (RNA) and [14C]valine (proteins) were studied for concentration (75 to 600 mumol/l) and time dependence. Cloturin inhibits incorporation of all 14C-precursors into the TCA-insoluble fraction of both types of cells in proportion to its concentration. The complete inhibition of 14C precursors was reached at the highest concentrations of cloturin (300 and 600 mumol/l). The fact that incorporation of four precursors is inhibited suggests that the effect of cloturin lies at an underlying level of energy generation or transfer, rather than at specific reactions in the biosynthesis of DNA and proteins. The rate of DNA synthesis is rapidly affected by the lowering of the level of any of the four deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates. Interference with the generation of high-energy phosphate bonds is one of the mechanisms available for induction of nucleotide deficiency. A depletion of nucleotide pools can serve as an efficient tool to inhibit cellular growth and to induce cell death under some circumstances. PMID- 3229322 TI - Effect of long-term treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine on structural changes of ageing rat brain. AB - The effects of long-term treatment (11 months) with acetyl-L-carnitine (75 mg/kg daily) on the morphology of brain and optic nerve was studied in 16 senescent (22 month-old) Wistar rats (nine untreated, seven treated). Five young rats (aged 3 months) were used for comparison. Senescence was found to cause a structural disorganization of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex, and a decrease in the volume densities of the pyramidal neurons of layers 2 and 5 of the prefrontal cortex. An impaired myelination of the pyramidal tract and of the optic nerve was also observed. Besides improving the structural organization of the cerebral areas under study, treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine increased the volume densities of pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex layers under observation. It must be added that myelination of the pyramidal tract and optic nerve was found to be less impaired after acetyl-L-carnitine administration. PMID- 3229323 TI - Endogenous cardiac glycoside-like substances in newborns, adults, pregnant women and patients with hypertension or renal insufficiency. AB - In an attempt to confirm the presence of endogenous substances with cardiac glycoside-like activity, the biological and immunological cardiac glycoside-like activity was measured by a sensitive solid-phase radioimmunological assay (RIA), two radioreceptor assays (RRA), and a 86Rb uptake method in normal subjects and in some pathophysiological conditions characterized by sodium retention and volume expansion. Significant concentrations of digoxin-like immunoreactive substances (DLIS) were measured in plasma (or serum) of normal subjects while significantly higher levels were found in pregnant women, newborns and in patients with renal impairment, and in some with essential hypertension. Concentrations in urine of normal adults or newborns were several times higher than in plasma. The results obtained by RIA correlated with those obtained by RRA and 86Rb uptake methods. In 88 normal subjects, DLIS excretion rates (overnight urine collection) in men were significantly higher than in women (68.6 +/- 23.6 pg/min vs 50.9 +/- 21.0 pg/min, p less than 0.01). The DLIS excretion rates correlated with creatinine, Na and K urinary excretion rates, and also with the subjects' body weight, height, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure. These findings confirm the presence of endogenous substances with immunological and biological activity similar to cardiac glycosides in human body fluids and also confirm the hypothesis that these endogenous factors may be involved in fluid and electrolyte regulation in man. In addition, the present data indicate that urinary excretion of DLIS is dependent on body mass and renal glomerular filtration. PMID- 3229324 TI - Dose-related effect of inhaled magnesium sulfate on histamine bronchial challenge in asthmatics. AB - The effects of various doses of inhaled MgSO4 on the histamine bronchoprovocation test were studied in nine asthmatics in clinical remission (FEV1 greater than 80% of predicted). The minimal effective dose of MgSO4 was 0.20 mmol, which increased the dose of histamine which produced a 20% decrease in control FEV1 (PD20) from 2.88 +/- 1.4 to 5.62 +/- 1.38 mumol, p less than 0.05. A greater increase of histamine PD20 was observed after inhalation of MgSO4 at 0.40 mmol (6.90 +/- 1.6 mumol of histamine, p less than 0.05 in comparison with baseline PD20). The decrease in bronchial hyper-reactivity produced by MgSO4 suggests that it influences smooth muscle contractility and may prove to be clinically important in the treatment of asthma. PMID- 3229325 TI - [Intra-aortic balloon pumping in severe rheumatic heart patients after valvular replacement]. PMID- 3229326 TI - [Balloon catheter mitral valvuloplasty by sequential single- and double-balloon technique]. PMID- 3229327 TI - [Effect of magnesium on arrhythmia after valvular replacement]. PMID- 3229328 TI - [Long-term morphopathologic observations on replaced bioprosthetic valves]. PMID- 3229329 TI - [Use of ultrafiltration during valvular replacement surgery in advanced cases]. PMID- 3229330 TI - [Natural history of sick sinus syndrome patients]. PMID- 3229331 TI - [Electrophysiologic studies on supraventricular tachycardias with wide QRS]. PMID- 3229332 TI - [Platelet ATP release response in patients with essential hypertension and their normotensive offsprings]. PMID- 3229334 TI - [Familial study and HLA analysis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3229333 TI - [Prophylactic effect of atropine on arrhythmias during coronary cineangiography]. PMID- 3229335 TI - [Effects of genetic factors and electrolytes in diet and urine on blood pressure of rural adolescents]. PMID- 3229336 TI - [Transmission electron microscopic observations on the aortic intimal changes in the early stages of experimental atherosclerosis]. PMID- 3229337 TI - [Changes in high density lipoprotein and its subclasses in the plasma of cholesterol-fed rabbits]. PMID- 3229338 TI - [Morphologic study on proteoglycans by cultivated fetal aortic smooth muscle cells]. PMID- 3229339 TI - ISSX/SOT North American Symposium on Endogenous Factors in the Toxicity of Xenobiotics. International Society for the Study of of Xenobiotics and the Society of Toxicology. Clearwater, Florida, November 8-13, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3229340 TI - Single-dose efficacy and safety of zindotrine, a new oral bronchodilator. AB - Zindotrine, a new bronchodilator, may be an alternative to theophylline in treating reversible airflow obstruction. Efficacy and cardiovascular effects of a single 300 mg oral dose of zindotrine were compared with placebo in a two-period, double-blind, crossover trial. Twelve subjects with airflow obstruction reversible after isoproterenol and theophylline completed the trial. Improvement in pulmonary function (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in one second, and forced expiratory flow rate from 25 to 75 percent of FVC) was greater after zindotrine than with placebo. Pulmonary function tests increased 15 percent or more over baseline in 30 minutes after active drug, lasting up to 6 hours. Mild decreases in heart rate and mean blood pressure occurred after both treatments, with changes equal in both treatment groups. Six subjects had mild subjective side effects after zindotrine (headache, dizziness, vertigo, flushing, and heartburn) compared with one report of lightheadedness after placebo. A single dose of zindotrine 300 mg provides effective bronchodilator action with a relatively prolonged response and tolerable side effects. PMID- 3229342 TI - Chlorpromazine accumulation and sudden death in a patient with renal insufficiency. AB - Sudden death has been reported in psychiatric patients before and after the advent of antipsychotic medications. A case of sudden death following chlorpromazine administration in a schizophrenic patient is presented. After receiving a mean daily dose of 780 mg for five days, the patient died suddenly. Laboratory work on day 2 of hospitalization indicated a calculated creatinine clearance of 14 ml/min. The autopsy was noncontributory except for a blood chlorpromazine concentration of 1534 ng/ml. The potential cause of death in this patient and the proposed mechanisms of sudden death in psychiatric patients are discussed. The effect of renal and hepatic disease on chlorpromazine plasma concentrations is presented. This case is the first report of sudden death in a psychiatric patient with a documented elevated antipsychotic plasma concentration. It is also the first report of an elevated chlorpromazine blood concentration in a patient with renal insufficiency. PMID- 3229341 TI - Comparison of administration of two standard intravenous amino acid formulas to severely brain-injured patients. AB - Twenty severely brain-injured patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 4-9 were prospectively randomized to receive one of two standard amino acid formulas, starting with the first day of hospital admission up to day 14 postinjury. Formula 2 (patient group 2) had 54 percent more leucine, 53 percent more isoleucine, 74 percent more valine, 28 percent less phenylalanine, 31 percent less methionine, 111 percent more proline, 38 percent less alanine, and 38 percent less glycine than formula 1 (patient group 1). Groups 1 and 2 received statistically equal overall mean parenteral nutrition calories and protein (2173 +/- 147 vs. 2059 +/- 143 kcal, and 77 +/- 12 vs. 83.1 +/- 6 g, respectively). There was a significant difference in overall mean urinary urea nitrogen excretion (group 1 = 24.6 +/- 1.3 vs. group 2 = 18.3 +/- 1.1, p = 0.02) and nitrogen balance (group 1 = -8.0 +/- 2.1 vs. group 2 = +1.8 +/- 1.2, p = 0.01). Mean overall isoleucine values were significantly higher in group 2 (overall mean 77 mumol/L vs. 62 mumol/L, p = 0.04). Phenylalanine levels were significantly higher in group 1 (107 mumol/L) versus group 2 (82 mumol/L) patients (p = 0.01). Arginine levels were significantly higher in group 1 (78 mumol/L) versus group 2 (49 mumol/L) patients (p = 0.0002). This observation suggests that some standard intravenous amino acid formulas may be more apt to promote positive nitrogen balance than others. PMID- 3229344 TI - A fatal case of propranolol poisoning. AB - Propranolol hydrochloride is a beta-adrenergic blocking drug used in a variety of clinical conditions. Overdoses can result in severe hypotensive states usually associated with bradycardia or asystole or with profound myocardial depression. We report on an 18-year-old man who ingested a massive dose of propranolol HCl in a suicide attempt. The patient was brought to the hospital in an unresponsive state within 30 minutes of ingestion. He was initially stabilized but subsequently died nine hours after the drug was ingested. Invasive monitoring during this period revealed the shock to be secondary to marked depression of his systemic vascular resistance. Cardiac rhythm and left ventricular output were maintained throughout the attempted resuscitation. This hemodynamic picture suggests that decreased systemic vascular resistance may be another mechanism of shock in significant propranolol HCl overdoses. PMID- 3229343 TI - Rhabdomyolysis associated with cocaine intoxication. AB - A case of a patient who had an acutely toxic reaction to cocaine ingestion and later developed acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis is described. Evidence of rhabdomyolysis was noted by the combination of myalgia, urine discoloration, and elevated serum concentrations of muscle enzymes. Although the mechanism of the rhabdomyolysis is unknown, the clinical presentation resembled that of a norepinephrine-induced vasoconstrictive effect that alters the metabolic demands of the muscle in such a way that the muscle is damaged. PMID- 3229345 TI - Carbamazepine-induced severe systemic hypersensitivity reaction with eosinophilia. AB - Skin rash, fever, and eosinophilia developed in a previously healthy 35-year-old woman three weeks after starting carbamazepine. Fulminant respiratory and renal failure ensued. Autopsy showed pneumonitis, nephritis, serositis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, and carditis, characterized by an infiltrate of eosinophils and lymphocytes. The severity, duration, and extensive organ involvement of the reaction make this case unique. PMID- 3229347 TI - The more pharmacy changes, the more it remains the same. PMID- 3229348 TI - A very persistent dilemma. PMID- 3229346 TI - Relationship between drug use and urinary incontinence in elderly women. AB - Two hundred older women with urinary incontinence were studied to observe the influence of their prescription and nonprescription drug use on symptoms of incontinence. Ninety percent of women reported using medication, with an average use of four drugs. Medications statistically associated with urinary incontinence symptomatology were prostaglandin inhibitors, diuretics, and estrogen therapy. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between medication usage and the presence and severity of urinary incontinence. PMID- 3229349 TI - Pharmaceutical education: a ticket to professional survival or extinction? PMID- 3229350 TI - Education of manpower for future pharmaceutical care and research. PMID- 3229351 TI - Rho Chi lecture. The pharmaceutical sciences as academic disciplines. AB - Recent studies of higher education in America have raised concern over the lack of integrity and coherence, the absence of vigorous intellectual exchange, and the dominance of careerism in the undergraduate curriculum. Observations and recommendations emanating from studies of pharmaceutical education acknowledge the importance of problem-solving abilities but emphasize the inculcation of knowledge relevant to professional functions and the development of skill in contemporary practice. The current emphasis placed on training students for pharmacy practice found in the pharmacy curriculum causes the objective of achieving intellectual growth to be overshadowed. Balance must be restored. The pharmaceutical sciences, taught for their value as academic disciplines and for their integrity with other branches of science, could serve as the stimulus for intellectual growth of students. An academic baccalaureate program with a major in pharmaceutical sciences as the required base for professional education is proposed as a remedy. PMID- 3229352 TI - A method for meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. AB - This article presents a stepwise approach for conducting a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies based on proposed guidelines. This systematic method is recommended for practitioners evaluating epidemiological studies in the literature to arrive at an overall quantitative estimate of the impact of a treatment. Bendectin is used as an illustrative example. Meta-analysts should establish a priori the purpose of the analysis and a complete protocol. This protocol should be adhered to, and all steps performed should be recorded in detail. To aid in developing such a protocol, we present methods the researcher can use to perform each of 22 steps in six major areas. The illustrative meta analysis confirmed previous traditional narrative literature reviews that Bendectin is not related to teratogenic outcomes in humans. The overall summary odds ratio was 1.01 (chi 2 = 0.05, p = 0.815) with a 95 percent confidence interval of 0.66-1.55. When the studies were separated according to study type, the summary odds ratio for cohort studies was 0.95 with a 95 percent confidence interval of 0.62-1.45. For case-control studies, the summary odds ratio was 1.27 with a 95 percent confidence interval of 0.83-1.94. The corresponding chi-square values were not statistically significant at the p = 0.05 level. PMID- 3229353 TI - Guidelines for warfarin dosage. PMID- 3229354 TI - Effect of pH on free quinidine. PMID- 3229355 TI - Ceftriaxone-associated neutropenia. PMID- 3229356 TI - Comment: Neuropharmacology. PMID- 3229357 TI - Comment: Tocolysis in placenta previa. PMID- 3229358 TI - Comment: liquid dosage form of chloroquine. PMID- 3229359 TI - AIDS and mental health and implications for community-based health care. PMID- 3229360 TI - Alcohol problems among patients attending the University Teaching Hospital, Casualty Department, Lusaka. PMID- 3229361 TI - Socio-demographic background of children referred to the psychological assessment clinic. PMID- 3229362 TI - Crime and mental illness: a retrospective study of a cohort of court referrals to a provincial psychiatric clinic in Kenya. PMID- 3229363 TI - Serum zinc levels in children with kwashiorkor aged one to three years at Kenyatta National Hospital and the effect of zinc supplementation during recovery. PMID- 3229364 TI - Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a preliminary study. PMID- 3229366 TI - Criteria for diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. PMID- 3229367 TI - Malignant disease in Sudanese children. PMID- 3229365 TI - Examination of the critical weight-menarche hypothesis in a comparative study of weights and heights of menarcheal and premenarcheal Nigerian school girls years 12 to 15. PMID- 3229368 TI - The pattern of chronic liver disease in a hospital population in Riyadh. PMID- 3229369 TI - Parasympathetic cardiac activity: differential effects of ageing and hypertension. PMID- 3229370 TI - Correction of trachomatous entropion/trichiasis in Kaduna: an assessment of two simplified methods. PMID- 3229371 TI - Pathogenicity of Trichomonas hominis in Kenya. PMID- 3229372 TI - Some perinatal risk factors in a developing country. PMID- 3229373 TI - Upper gastrointestinal tract in chronic renal failure as seen at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. PMID- 3229374 TI - Prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis at Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 3229375 TI - Neonatal jaundice among Nigerian preterm infants. PMID- 3229376 TI - Carcinoma of the vulva in Kenyans. PMID- 3229377 TI - Phototaxis in aquatic invertebrates: possible use in ecotoxicity tests. AB - A series of experiments has been carried out aimed at (i) a deeper study of the phototaxis of some aquatic invertebrates and (ii) its possible use in ecotoxicity tests. For the first point the phototaxis of the nauplii of Artemia salina was examined: through tests carried out under different conditions, it was observed that a marked complex response to light existed, which led to a subdivision between individuals with different phototactic response, mainly depending on the density of the nauplii, on light intensity, and on spectral composition. The second point has been analyzed with A. salina, Daphnia magna, and Aedes aegypti. For the first species it must be stressed that in ecotoxicity tests carried out with nauplii of A. salina one should bear in mind the complexity of their phototactic response. With D. magna and A. aegypti a simple pvc apparatus connected with optic fibers and set up on a microscope was used. The result is marked and easily observable; therefore, it will be possible in the future to perform easily tests with toxic substances which are important in ecotoxicology. PMID- 3229378 TI - Carbofuran-induced histopathological and biochemical changes in liver of the teleost fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). AB - In Channa punctatus exposed to a safe dose (4.5 ppm) of the commercial carbamate pesticide carbofuran for 6 months, from January to June, liver exhibited varying degrees of histopathological changes including cytoplasmolysis, nuclear pyknosis, and necrosis leading to complete exhaustion and disintegration of hepatocytes. In some regions of liver, extensive degeneration of proliferated hepatocytes, in close proximity to blood sinuses, looking like darkly stained debris of hepatomass and induction of tumors were indicative of carcinogenic action of this pesticide which may be attributed to its cumulative toxicity during chronic exposure. Apart from this, the rupturing of blood sinus causing invasive infiltration of leukocytes, and detrimental focal necrosis resulting in the complete dissolution of hepatocytes indicated by the presence of debris mass in the necrotic space can be seen. Moreover, in the liver of experimental fish, corresponding to cellular damage, a significant decrease in hepatosomatic index and ascorbic acid content and an elevation in acid and alkaline phosphatase levels were also recorded. These results suggest that carbofuran is capable of inducing histopathological and biochemical alterations in liver which may cause physiometabolic dysfunction in this species. PMID- 3229379 TI - Integrating epidemiology and epizootiology information in ecotoxicology studies. III. Ecosystem health. AB - Epidemiology is the study of disease incidence rates in humans and epizootiology is the nonhuman animal equivalent. There have been few attempts to integrate epidemiological and epizootiological data from human and nonhuman animal populations coexisting in the same environment. The authors propose that epizootiology research be conducted on chemical pollutants using the framework of the natural environment as a laboratory. These kinds of studies are termed "epizootiologic ecotoxicology." It is suggested that guilds, defined as a group of human individuals or a group of nonhuman species that use their environment in a similar way, be used as experimental probes to assess the effects of chemicals on ecosystems and humans. Improved data would increase the likelihood that effects in exposed populations will attain statistical significance so that high risk populations can be detected while the number of affected individuals is low. Epizootiologic ecotoxicology information, the product of this research, must be treated as an important component of a unified health evaluation system. PMID- 3229380 TI - Use of polynomial expressions to describe the bioconcentration of hydrophobic chemicals by fish. AB - For the bioconcentration of hydrophobic chemicals by fish, relationships have been previously established between uptake rate constants (k1) and the octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow), and also between the clearance rate constant (k2) and Kow. These have been refined and extended on the basis of data for chlorinated hydrocarbons, and closely related compounds including polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, that covered a wider range of hydrophobicity (2.5 less than log Kow less than 9.5). This has allowed the development of new relationships between log Kow and various factors, including the bioconcentration factor (as log KB), equilibrium time (as log teq), and maximum biotic concentration (as log CB), which include extremely hydrophobic compounds previously not taken into account. The shape of the curves generated by these equations are in qualitative agreement with theoretical prediction and are described by polynomial expressions which are generally approximately linear over the more limited range of log Kow values used to develop previous relationships. The influences of factors such as hydrophobicity, aqueous solubility, molecular weight, lipid solubility, and also exposure time were considered. Decreasing lipid solubilities of extremely hydrophobic chemicals were found to result in increasing clearance rate constants, as well decreasing equilibrium times and bioconcentration factors. PMID- 3229381 TI - Use of algal fluorescence for determination of phytotoxicity of heavy metals and pesticides as environmental pollutants. AB - The phytotoxicity of heavy metals and pesticides was studied by using the fluorescence induction from the alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. The complementary area calculated from the variable fluorescence induction was used as a direct parameter to estimate phytotoxicity. The value of this parameter was affected when algae were treated with different concentrations of mercury, copper, atrazine, DCMU, Dutox, and Soilgard. The toxic effect of these pollutants was estimated by monitoring the decrease in the complementary area, which reflects photosystem II photochemistry. Further, the authors have demonstrated the advantage of using the complementary area as a parameter of phytotoxicity over using variable fluorescence yield. The complementary area of algal fluorescence can be used as a simple and sensitive parameter in the estimation of the phytotoxicity of polluted water. PMID- 3229382 TI - A method for evaluating effects of toxic chemicals on the productivity of freshwater ecosystems. AB - The finding that trout apparently consumed more invertebrates than were produced in the Horokiwi stream has been described as "Allen's paradox." One explanation for this is that invertebrate sampling techniques underestimate the standing crop. If so, trout growth might be a relatively sensitive indicator of the effects of toxic chemicals on the productivity of experimental ponds. In a replicated pond experiment, methyl parathion was applied at concentrations toxic to invertebrates but not to fish. Three 50-m3 ponds were treated at 40 micrograms liter-1 and three at 10 micrograms liter-1, and there were three untreated controls. Each pond was stocked with eight small, individually marked rainbow trout. The fish were removed by electrofishing 3 weeks after treatment. Mean growth rate of fish in control ponds was 6.3% per day, 4.3% per day in ponds treated with 10 micrograms liter-1, and 3.7% per day in ponds treated with 40 micrograms liter-1. Effects were significant at the 1% level. The standing crop of invertebrates was apparently insufficient to support the growth of the fish, an indication that the active, predatory rainbow trout is more efficient at sampling invertebrates than standard limnological procedures. PMID- 3229383 TI - Bioconcentration of chlorinated hydrocarbons from sediment by oligochaetes. AB - Previously published data on the accumulation of 15 chlorinated hydrocarbons from sediment by oligochaetes have been interpreted on the basis of bioconcentration from interstitial water. Calculation of the interstitial water concentration allowed determination of uptake and clearance rate constants together with bioconcentration factors (KB) for these compounds. These three factors each exhibited a systematic relationship to the octanol/water partition coefficient (KOW). The log KB versus log KOW relationship was roughly linear over the log KOW range from 4.4 to 6.4 and displayed an increasing nonlinear deviation for log KOW values greater than 6.4. These relationships are qualitatively similar to those established for other aquatic organisms where bioconcentration from water was the mechanism involved. This suggests that interstitial water may be the phase from which lipophilic compounds in sediment are bioconcentrated by oligochaetes. An expression relating the bioconcentration factor to the biotic concentration and various sediment characteristics has also been developed. PMID- 3229384 TI - Effects of phenols on growth rate and adenosine uptake of CHO cells. AB - The use of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as a test system for predicting the toxicity of xenobiotics is described. Compared to eukaryotic microorganisms this system is two to three times more sensitive but needs more care in handling. In the study of the effects of various phenol derivatives on CHO cell growth and on an important functional membrane protein, the nucleoside transport system, a good correlation was observed. In addition, in both cases the effects correlated very well with the octanol/water partition coefficient, making quantitative structure activity predictions possible. The results suggest that there is a common mechanism of action of these lipophilic xenobiotics. They are accumulated in the hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, where enzymes and transport systems are located, which are important for cell viability. These high concentrations of the chemicals lead to an inhibition of functional membrane proteins, with the consequence that cell growth stops. PMID- 3229385 TI - [French adaptation, concurrent validation and factorial analysis of the Bech and Rafaelsen melancholia scale]. AB - 33 depressive patients diagnosed major depressive episode (DSM III) have been assessed by the French translation of the melancholia scale of Bech and Rafaelsen and the following scales: scale of depressive retardation (ERD) (Widlocher), Hamilton depression rating scale with 26 items (HDS 26), Montgomery and Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS). A concurrent validation shows that Bech Rafaelsen melancholia scale is valid. A principal components analysis with VARIMAX rotation found 4 principal components: retardation and blunted affect, asthenia, anxiety, suicidal impulses. PMID- 3229386 TI - [Hematologic toxicity of antidepressive agents: rumors and facts]. PMID- 3229387 TI - A prospective randomized study comparing the effects of large and small volumes of the sclerosant 5% ethanolamine oleate injected into esophageal varices. AB - The safety efficacy and complications of injections of large and small volumes of 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) were examined prospectively in the sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in 39 consecutive cirrhotic patients. Twenty patients were randomly allocated to the large-volume group (LVG) injected with up to 30 ml per session, and 19 to the small-volume group (SVG) injected with up to 15 ml per session. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, etiology and severity of liver disease. Post-injection bleeding occurred in 15.8% (3/19) after 1-3 sessions in the SVG and in 0% in the LVG. The LVG showed a significantly higher rate of decrease in variceal size (95.0% vs 53.2%, p less than 0.05) and disappearance of red color signs (RCS) on the variceal surface (95.0% vs 52.6%, p less than 0.01) one week after the initial session. The treatment period and number of sessions of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) for eradication of varices were significantly (p less than 0.01) smaller in LVG than in SVG (LVG: 2.7 +/- 0.6 sessions over 4.2 +/- 0.7 weeks vs SVG: 5.4 +/- 0.9 sessions over 6.0 +/- 1.6 weeks). There were no life-threatening complications, and the incidence of minor complications did not differ between the two groups. The persistence of RCS and the occurrence of post-injection bleeding may imply that esophageal varices are not always completely obliterated despite 1-3 sessions in the SVG. We conclude that the large volume of EO is superior to the small volume for repeated EIS to eradicate esophageal varices. PMID- 3229388 TI - The significance of unexplained dilated common bile duct at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AB - The clinical significance of unexplained dilation of the common bile duct (CBD) seen at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in non-jaundiced patients with abdominal pain, was studied in a group of 14 patients. A CBD diameter of more than 15 mm was associated with choledocholithiasis (29%), periampullary carcinoma (14%), papillary stenosis (14%), or no definite pathology (43%) during a follow-up of 20 months. Dilation of the CBD exceeding 20 mm, was associated with periampullary carcinoma or papillary stenosis in 80% of the patients. It is recommended that such a group of patients be followed very closely, and the ERCP examination repeated within a few months. PMID- 3229389 TI - Local infiltration of ornithine 8-vasopressin (POR 8) as a vasoconstrictive agent in surgical pelviscopy (applied to myoma enucleation, salpingotomy in cases of tubal pregnancy and peripheral salpingostomy). AB - For better hemostasis in cases of operative pelviscopy in 60 patients Ornithine-8 Pitressin (POR 8) was applied locally as a vasoconstrictive agent in quantities of up to 50 ml at a concentration of 0.05 IU/ml. From the broad spectrum of indications for operative pelviscopy, the following procedures employing local application of a 5% POR 8 solution to produce intraoperative ischemia are described: Myoma enucleation, longitudinal salpingotomy with conception product extraction in the conservative treatment of a tubal pregnancy, ovarian cystectomy and salpingostomy. The tolerance was optimal no side effects were observed. PMID- 3229391 TI - Transnasal fixation of the esophageal prosthesis. AB - We present a simple technique for the fixation of esophageal tubes. The endoprosthesis is anchored to a thin polyethylene catheter which is passed transnasally and attached to the ear. This method of treatment effectively prevents dislodgement. It is also suitable for placing a tube into the esophagus when the stenosis essential for anchorage is absent, for example in large fistulae, perforations, or suture dehiscence. PMID- 3229390 TI - Transcolonoscopic extraperitoneal cecostomy. A new therapeutic and technical proposal. AB - The authors propose a new technique of decompression of the colon consisting in percutaneous cecostomy with previous extraperitonization of the cecum under colonoscopic orientation. The technique permits decompression of the entire colon through the insertion of a ceco-anal multiperforated Levine tube on withdrawing the colonoscope. It is a new therapeutic choice for the treatment of the Ogilvie syndrome, toxic megacolon and other morbid entities, which may permit the performance of the procedure and require decompression of the colon, which proved to be extremely effective in the treatment of a patient with the Ogilvie syndrome. PMID- 3229392 TI - Miniscopes in gastroenterological endoscopy--inspection of the gallbladder and the biliary and pancreatic duct systems in autopsy specimens. AB - This report describes a newly available endoscopic system, the purpose of which is to inspect the common bile duct, gallbladder, cystic duct and the pancreatic duct with the aid of retrograde endoscopy. A miniscope examination of the gallbladder was carried out in eight out of ten autopsy specimens, and the entire pancreatic duct was inspected in nine out of ten specimens after successful transpapillary catheterisation. The procedure described in this paper opens up a new diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the gallbladder, biliary tree and the pancreatic duct. PMID- 3229393 TI - Endoscopic gallbladder catheterisation and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the management of Mirizzi's syndrome. AB - A novel approach to the management of Mirizzi's syndrome due to a mucocele of the gallbladder is reported. Endoscopic retrograde catheterisation of the gallbladder permitted decompression, and was followed by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of gallbladder calculi in an 80-year-old man considered unfit for operation. PMID- 3229394 TI - Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - The special problems involving the histopathology of verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus are presented on the basis of two patients with this tumor seen at our department. The discussion centers on the question whether a verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus can infiltrate the basal membrane and give rise to metastases. PMID- 3229395 TI - Guide-wire perforation during bougienage and tube positioning. Report on three cases and technical improvement. AB - Report on three perforations during bougienage or tube insertion due to sharp bending of the guide wire. A new, fully flexible guide wire is described, which might obviate this unnecessary complication. PMID- 3229397 TI - Dislodgement of a cuffed tube for the treatment of esophago-broncho fistula. PMID- 3229396 TI - Intestinal metaplasia in gastric ulcer tissue repair. PMID- 3229398 TI - Medical jurisprudence and gastro-enterological endoscopy. PMID- 3229399 TI - Risk of transmitting HIV by endoscopes. PMID- 3229401 TI - Sport, leisure and ergonomics. PMID- 3229400 TI - Sport, leisure and ergonomics. PMID- 3229402 TI - The metabolic consequences of reduced habitual activities in patients with muscle pain and disease. PMID- 3229403 TI - An investigation into anaerobic performance of wheelchair athletes. PMID- 3229404 TI - Investigation of changes in responses to exercise and in mood during pregnancy. PMID- 3229406 TI - Circadian variation in blood pressure responses to muscular exercise. PMID- 3229405 TI - Body composition and self-perceived health and fitness among indoor sports participants. PMID- 3229407 TI - Psychological health and squash play. PMID- 3229408 TI - The role of the biceps and triceps brachii during tennis serving. PMID- 3229409 TI - The effects of gravity inversion on exercise-induced spinal loading. PMID- 3229411 TI - What does keeping one's eye on the ball mean? PMID- 3229410 TI - The effect of induced alkalosis and acidosis on endurance running at an intensity corresponding to 4 mM blood lactate. PMID- 3229412 TI - The effect of skill level, external frame of reference and environmental changes on one-handed catching. PMID- 3229413 TI - The effects of helmet design and bowling speed on indices of stress in cricket batting. PMID- 3229414 TI - A comparison of power outputs on the Wingate test and on a test using an isokinetic device. PMID- 3229415 TI - Physiological responses and psychological sensations in wearer trials with knitted sportswear. PMID- 3229416 TI - Intracellular storage of sodium and magnesium in Drosophila Malpighian tubules. X ray microanalysis of native cryosections. AB - Using electron probe X-ray microanalysis after cryofixation, cryosectioning and freeze-drying we investigated the content of electron-dark vacuoles in the intermediate cell region of the proximal segment of Malpighian tubules in Drosophila larvae. According to this method these vacuoles store sodium and magnesium in a high correlation (r = 0.98) of 5:1 ratio. Phosphorus, potassium and sulfur are also stored. In the intermediate groundplasm surrounding the vacuoles the element content is different from that in the vacuoles. The significance of vacuolar sodium and magnesium storage for the ionic metabolism is unknown. In addition to Na, Mg, P, K and S the vacuoles also contain 3-OH kynurenine and other fluorochromes. With the pyroantimonate technique intravacuolar precipitates were demonstrated. X-ray microanalysis of the precipitates revealed sodium and calcium, although following cryofixation calcium was not detectable in the vacuoles by X-ray analysis. PMID- 3229417 TI - Concanavalin A-induced redistribution of surface receptors in Acanthamoeba castellanii at different growth phases. AB - Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced redistribution of surface receptors has been studied in Acanthamoeba castellanii at different growth phases utilizing double fluorescent techniques and transmission electron microscopy. When the amoebae were incubated with 2 micrograms and 10 micrograms tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-ConA/ml for 4 min and 15 min at 28 degrees C the staining pattern was characterized by various numbers of scattered aggregates of fluorescent ConA. Double labeling of the amoebae showed that the fluorescent aggregates represented internalized label, and the internalization was not preceded by any aggregation of ConA receptors on the cell surface as visualized by incubating with anti-ConA serum followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated anti-IgG. Following exposure of the amoebae to 10 micrograms TRITC ConA/ml for 4 min and 15 min at 28 degrees C intracellular accumulation of some of the fluorescent aggregates in cap-like structures occurred at the logarithmic and postlogarithmic growth phases but not at the early stationary growth phase. Electron microscopic observation of amoebae labeled with ferritin-conjugated ConA at 28 degrees C revealed a uniform surface labeling and an intracellular accumulation of the label in vesicular and tubular structures, and occasionally in cap-like structures. Surface capping of ConA receptors in Acanthamoeba was induced by treating the amoebae with ConA and anti-ConA serum at 0 degrees C followed by incubation at 28 degrees C. The formation of surface caps in Acanthamoeba showed growth-phase dependency, too. The visualization of the surface caps at the electron microscopic level was performed by indirect staining utilizing protein A-colloidal gold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229418 TI - Effects of wheat germ agglutinin on the cellular content of filamentous actin in Intestine 407 cells. AB - Increasing experimental evidence suggests that gluten contains a toxic factor that may cause ultrastructural changes in the small intestine which mimic those found in patients with celiac disease. In addition, it has recently been proposed that the toxic factor of gluten is a protein very similar, if not identical, to a well known lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Since the cytoskeleton forms the basis of the ultrastructural architecture of the enterocytes the present study was performed to investigate whether WGA has a direct effect on the cytoskeleton in Intestine 407 cells. Changes in the cellular content of filamentous actin (F actin) in these cells were studied with the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) phallacidin assay. Cellular exposure to WGA led to a rapid reduction in the cellular content of F-actin (greater than 50%). Intracellular buffering of the cytosolic free calcium level using quin2 as a chelator of calcium totally abolished the WGA-induced reduction in F-actin content. However, increasing the cytosolic free calcium level by exposure to the calcium ionophore ionomycin did not affect the cellular content of F-actin. Ionomycin also failed to potentiate the effect of WGA on the cellular F-actin content. The present results show that WGA changes the organization of the cytoskeleton in Intestine 407 cells via a calcium-dependent mechanism, however, in addition to calcium, some other signal(s), possibly an increased turnover of the phosphatidylinositol cycle, is(are) also required. PMID- 3229419 TI - Association of thrombospondin of endothelial cells with other matrix proteins and cell attachment sites and migration tracks. AB - Different biochemical and cytochemical techniques were applied to characterize the sites of localization of thrombospondin in cultured endothelial cells. The results obtained by [35S]methionine labeling, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, fluorescence microscopy, ultracytochemistry, immunogold labeling, and silver enhancement experiments revealed that thrombospondin secreted by endothelial cells is structurally organized together with proteoheparan sulfate in spherical granules at the cell surface. These granules are about 100 to 300 nm in size. Heparin or enzymatic degradation with heparitinase, but not with ABC lyase, release thrombospondin from the cell surface. Fibronectin is expressed in the extracellular matrix of endothelial cells in a fibrillar organization, clearly distinct from the punctate pattern of thrombospondin on the cell surface. Furthermore, secreted thrombospondin is highly enriched together with fibronectin and proteoheparan sulfate in cell attachment sites and in cell migration tracks. In cell migration tracks proteoheparan sulfate more clearly resembles the fibrillar distribution pattern of fibronectin, whereas thrombospondin reveals a rather monodisperse pattern. The obtained data suggest preferential sites of interaction between thrombospondin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface and a participation of thrombospondin in cell adhesion and cell migration. PMID- 3229420 TI - The jelly layers and cortex of the unfertilized Xenopus laevis egg: carbohydrate, phospholipid and protein analysis. AB - Differences in the carbohydrate composition were found in the jellies and the cortex of the unfertilized Xenopus laevis egg using lectins and blood group antibodies. Blood group H trisaccharide was detected in the outer jelly and "A like" oligosaccharide was found in the inner jelly. The blood group A trisaccharide was detected in the vitelline envelope and the cortex. The plasma membranes were isolated and partially purified by differential centrifugation on sucrose cushion. The phospholipid composition of the membrane was assessed by quantitative two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. The major phospholipids were sphingomyelin (8%), phosphatidylcholine (55%), phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine (7%), and phosphatidylethanolamine (26%). The external application of phospholipase A2 indicated a possible asymmetry of the phospholipids in the membrane such as the acidic phospholipids are preferentially located at the inner leaflet. The membrane protein and glycoprotein pattern was examined by gel electrophoresis using Triton and selective staining. Six major glycoproteins ranging from 250 to 32 kDa, were detected among the Triton insoluble components. PMID- 3229421 TI - Inhibition of mitosis in PtK2 cells by CAPP1-calmodulin. AB - Various indirect evidence has indicated that calcium ions and the calcium-binding regulator protein, calmodulin, may regulate mitosis in higher eukaryotes. We have used the competitive antagonist, CAPP1-calmodulin, to antagonize intracellular calmodulin and test the hypothesis that calmodulin serves as a regulator of mitosis. We find that CAPP1-calmodulin inhibits the transit of cells through metaphase at estimated intracellular concentrations up to that of native calmodulin; beyond that level, the inhibition of mitosis vanishes. The membrane permeant anticalmodulin agents, W7 and calmidazolium, also inhibit the progress of cells through metaphase. The similarity of the inhibitory curves for CAPP1 calmodulin, W7, and calmidazolium suggests that all these agents inhibit mitosis by antagonizing intracellular calmodulin. In order to test whether this inhibition of metaphase transit is due to an effect of the agents on intracellular free calcium, we used the calcium indicator Fura-2 to measure intracellular calcium levels after CAPP1-calmodulin injection or during calmidazolium treatment. We found that, while intracellular calcium levels are modestly elevated during calmidazolium treatment, they were unaffected by CAPP1 calmodulin, a result suggesting that mitosis inhibition was not due to an effect on intracellular free calcium. The reasons for the anomalous dose-response behavior of these drugs are not known; however, the behavior of cells at drug levels below the point of anomaly supports the hypothesis that calmodulin acts as a regulator of mitosis in these cells. PMID- 3229422 TI - Respective role of sympathetic tone and of cardiac pauses in the genesis of 62 cases of ventricular fibrillation recorded during Holter monitoring. AB - Sixty-two Holter recordings of sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) were analysed by full disclosure and computerized processing. Thirteen sudden deaths were due to torsades de pointes in noncoronary subjects (11/13), related to quinidine-like drugs and/or hypokalaemia: they were always initiated by a long RR cycle due to a post-extrasystolic pause, and announced by a progressive decrease of mean heart rate (from 77.5 +/- 2.5 to 60.6 +/- 2.7 beats min-1, P less than 0.001), in the three preceding hours. The other cases occurred in coronary patients (45/49), with acceleration of ventricular tachycardia (VT), monomorphic in 24 cases, polymorphic in 13, the ventricular rate increasing from 220.6 +/- 55 to 241.5 +/- 69 beats min-1, rather than with primary VF (12 cases). A cardiac pause (RR cycle exceeding 125% of the mean five preceding cycles) was present in 22/49 cases immediately before the onset of VT/VF. The coupling interval of the extrasystole initiating VT/VF was shorter than the shortest value encountered before: 377.6 +/- 94.5 ms vs 421.4 +/- 92.3. The prematurity index (coupling interval/preceding RR cycle ratio) was lower in primary VF than in VT leading to VF. In the last hour preceding VF, ST changes were unusual (five cases), whereas heart rate increased from 82.8 +/- 20 to 92.0 +/- 26.7 beats min 1, (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229423 TI - Ventricular dimensions and wall motion assessed by echocardiography in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. AB - Twenty patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) and 20 healthy volunteers underwent cross-sectional echocardiographic examination for the assessment of ventricular dimensions and wall motion. Right ventricular cavity diameters and wall segments were selected from the inflow and outflow tracts and the right ventricular body. The measurement error for measuring cavity dimensions was low throughout and the reproducibility of wall motion scoring was high in both the normal subjects and the patients. All except one patient had increased dimensions and/or abnormal wall motion in the right ventricle. The right ventricular inflow tract was dilated in nine patients, the outflow tract in 11 patients and the short- or long-axis diameters of the right ventricular body were increased in seven patients. Right ventricular wall motion abnormalities, being the most frequent finding, ranged from mild hypokinesia only to dyskinesia or sacculations, and were fairly evenly distributed among the segments studied. Left ventricular abnormalities, found in eight patients, were generally mild. Cross-sectional echocardiography thus provides highly reproducible measurements of right ventricular size and contraction patterns even in patients with wall shape deformities, and is therefore a feasible non-invasive method for the evaluation of right-sided myocardial abnormalities in patients with ARVD. The diagnostic accuracy of this technique warrants further clarification. PMID- 3229424 TI - Coxsackie virus heart disease: 15 years after. AB - From 1969 to 1973, 68 patients were admitted to the 4th Division of Medicine of the Brescia Civil Hospital with the diagnosis of viral myocarditis. The patients were divided into two groups according to the results of the Coxsackie virus complement fixing antibodies test: Group 1 (42 patients) with a fourfold or greater rising antibody titre; Group 2 (26 patients) with a negative serum test. Both groups were examined after a follow-up period of 15 years. Ten patients from Group 1 died. The diagnoses were chronic myocarditis (three cases); chronic cardiomyopathy-pulmonary embolism (one case); chronic cardiomyopathy-liver cirrhosis (one case); dilated cardiomyopathy-sudden death (two cases); congestive cardiomyopathy (three cases). No Group 2 patients died. The 15-year mortality rate of Group 1 was significantly higher than that of Group 2 (Fisher Test: p less than 0.005). In conclusion, the natural history of Coxsackie virus heart disease is characterized by two possibilities: a complete recovery from a clinical point of view, in some cases with only minor T wave abnormalities, or evolution into a chronic disease (dilated cardiomyopathy) having a high mortality rate within 10 years of the onset of the acute disease. PMID- 3229425 TI - The value of transoesophageal echocardiography for diagnosis of thoracic aorta pathology. AB - The potential of transoesophageal echocardiography for preoperative diagnosis of thoracic aorta pathology was evaluated in 15 patients with aortic dissection and 15 patients with aortic aneurysm. The transoesophageal echocardiographic findings were compared with 14 computed tomograms and 21 angiograms. Six patients underwent only transoesophageal echocardiography. All patients were operated upon and the surgical findings were used as a reference for these diagnostic methods. Transoesophageal echocardiography established a complete and correct diagnosis in 27 patients. The diagnosis was partially correct in three patients, all having an aortic dissection. A complete and correct diagnosis was obtained by computed tomography and angiography in 8 and 17 patients, respectively. The results indicated that transoesophageal echocardiography is a sensitive and convenient method for the definitive diagnosis of pathology of the thoracic aorta. It could become the technique of choice in patients suspected of having acute aorta pathology as it enables a rapid and definitive diagnosis at the bedside. PMID- 3229426 TI - Pre-existing coronary stenoses in patients with first myocardial infarction are not necessarily severe. AB - The sudden, often unheralded, onset of symptoms in acute myocardial infarction suggests that pre-existing coronary stenoses susceptible to acute thrombosis in the infarct-related artery may not necessarily have been severe. We investigated the severity of residual coronary stenoses after successful thrombolytic recanalization and the relationship to previous symptoms, collateral vessels and the extent of coronary artery disease in 60 consecutive patients at the time of presentation of their first acute myocardial infarction by performing quantitative coronary arteriography before, during and after intracoronary thrombolytic therapy. Recanalization was achieved in 48 (80%) patients with a residual stenosis of 58.1 +/- 10.8% (mean +/- ISD; range 33-82%) obstruction diameter and a minimum lumen calibre of 1.10 +/- 0.3 mm (range 0.39-1.95 mm). A residual stenosis of less than 60% obstruction diameter was present in 28 (47%) patients. When residual stenoses were mild, no acute collateral filling of the occluded artery was observed. After thrombolysis, residual infarct-related coronary stenoses in patients with their first acute myocardial infarction are not necessarily severely obstructive. This raises the problem of identifying which non-obstructive coronary stenoses are likely to occlude suddenly and why they do so. PMID- 3229428 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. AB - This report describes a 34-year-old woman with an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. The angiographic pattern was clearly demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed before surgery. This case suggests that MRI could play an important role in the pre-operative assessment of coronary anomalies. PMID- 3229427 TI - Dipyridamole-thallium 201 scintigraphy in the early post-infarction period. (Safety and accuracy in predicting the extent of coronary disease and future recurrence of angina in patients suffering from their first myocardial infarction). AB - To evaluate the safety and usefulness of myocardial thallium-201 scintigraphy after intravenous dipyridamole during the early post-infarction period, 35 patients under 60 years of age and with recent first transmural uncomplicated myocardial infarction (27 inferior, 8 anterior) were examined between the 5th and 13th day of hospitalization. Although four patients experienced angina and transient ischemic ST depression during the test, there were no serious complications. Patients were followed for a mean period of 11.4 +/- 6.3 months after hospital discharge. None of the patients experienced recurrent infarction and there were no cardiac deaths. In 11 patients there were reversible perfusion defects in areas different from those of myocardial infarction. Of these patients, seven (one with infarct vessel stenosis only and six with multivessel coronary disease) developed angina during the follow-up: five underwent coronary surgery because of severe angina refractory to full medical therapy. Out of the 24 patients without reversible perfusion defects, only two (with multivessel coronary disease) showed typical angina symptoms. The presence of redistribution on thallium scans was significantly more frequent in patients who developed a recurrence of angina over a period of 11.4 +/- 6.3 months of follow-up (P less than 0.0005). Thus dipyridamole-thallium 201 scintigraphy is a safe, non-invasive stress test which may be used early following uncomplicated myocardial infarction in order to identify patients at risk for the recurrence of angina. PMID- 3229429 TI - Anomalous origin of the anterior descending coronary artery from a non-dominant right coronary artery. AB - We present a patient with rheumatic mitral valve disease with anomalous origin of the anterior descending coronary artery. The coronary anatomy was unusual for two reasons; firstly, the anterior descending coronary artery was a branch of a non dominant right coronary artery, and secondly it passed to the left in the interventricular septum beneath the right ventricular infundibulum. As far as we are aware, this anatomical variation has not been described before and it appears to be of no haemodynamic significance. PMID- 3229430 TI - Survival rate and causes of death in patients with pacemakers: dependence on symptoms leading to pacemaker implantation. AB - The survival rate of 2256 patients with pacemakers was analyzed. Patients paced for Adams-Stokes equivalents (e.g. dizziness) showed a significantly better survival rate than did patients with pacemakers implanted for Adam-Stokes attacks or heart failure (P less than 0.0001). The estimated survival of the latter two groups did not differ significantly. Of the deceased patients who had received a pacemaker for the treatment of heart failure, 54% died due to this condition despite pacemaker implantation. The relative percentage of cases of sudden death after pacemaker implantation was high in the groups with Adams-Stokes attacks (12%) and Adams-Stokes equivalents (13%). In patients paced for Adams-Stokes attacks, sudden death occurred more frequently in the first year after pacemaker implantation (P less than 0.015) than during the following years. Therefore, increased efforts should be made to monitor patients carefully after pacemaker implantation to enable prompt detection of malignant tachyarrhythmias, probably the cause of sudden death in a substantial number of patients with pacemakers. PMID- 3229431 TI - Influence of aortic regurgitation on the assessment of the pressure half-time and derived mitral-valve area in patients with mitral stenosis. AB - The influence of aortic regurgitation on the Doppler assessment of pressure half time (T1/2) and on the derived calculation of the mitral-valve area has not yet been adequately evaluated in patients with mitral stenosis and associated aortic regurgitation. Therefore this study was undertaken to verify the accuracy of the T1/2 method for the noninvasive estimation of mitral-valve area in patients with mitral stenosis and associated aortic regurgitation. Data were obtained from 31 selected patients who underwent cardiac catheterization within 24 h of the noninvasive examination. From the Doppler velocity curve, T1/2 was calculated as the interval between the peak transmitral velocity and velocity/ square root of 2. Mitral-valve area was measured from the T1/2 with a computerized system using the equation: 220/T1/2, in cm2. Calculation of the mitral-valve area at catheterization was derived applying the modified Gorlin formula. Mean mitral valve area, as determined at catheterization, ranged from 0.5 to 2.8 cm2 (1.3 +/- 0.6). Mean mitral-valve area, as calculated by continuous-wave Doppler, ranged from 0.7 to 2.7 cm2 (1.5 +/- 0.6). Linear-regression analysis of data revealed a good correlation between Gorlin and Doppler measurements of the mitral-valve area (r = 0.90, SEE = 0.28 cm2, P less than 0.001, y = 1.0x + 0.2). Doppler showed a systematic overestimate of the mitral-valve area (26%) in patients with mitral stenosis and aortic regurgitation as compared to the Gorlin formula. The overestimate of continuous-wave Doppler was even greater (39%) in a subgroup of patients with 2+ or 3+ angiographic aortic regurgitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229432 TI - Left ventricular volume determination in dogs: a comparison between conductance technique and angiocardiography. AB - Left ventricular (LV) volume was determined simultaneously by monoplane cineangiocardiography and conductivity using a multielectrode conductance catheter at rest and during pressure loading in seven mongrel dogs (mean body weight 22 kg). LV volumes were calculated frame-by-frame (75 frames s-1) by angiocardiography and matched with instantaneous volumes obtained by conductivity. There was an excellent correlation between the two techniques at rest (correlation coefficient, r = 0.96) and during pressure loading (r = 0.92) when the data of each dog were pooled. The standard error of estimate of the mean angiographic volume was 4%. The slope of the regression analysis showed a small but significant (P less than 0.01) decrease from 0.365 at rest to 0.289 during pressure loading, whereas the intercept remained unchanged (24 versus 26 ml). Since no calibration for parallel conductivity of the surrounding tissue was performed, LV end-systolic volume was significantly over- and LV ejection fraction significantly underestimated whereas LV end-diastolic volume was estimated correctly by the conductance technique. It is concluded that LV end diastolic volume can be determined accurately by the conductance technique in dogs. However, LV end-systolic volume is significantly over- and ejection fraction significantly underestimated. Since there is a good correlation between angiocardiography and conductivity, exact determination of LV volumes and ejection fraction is feasible using a correction factor. The change in slope of the regression equation between angiocardiography and conductivity suggests a change in conductivity of the surrounding tissue during pressure loading which limits the application of the conductance catheter to stable haemodynamic situations or calls for repeated calibrations by an independent technique during acute interventions. PMID- 3229433 TI - Regression of pulmonary valve stenosis due to a dysplastic valve presenting in the neonatal period. AB - Severe pulmonary valve stenosis in the newborn period usually requires either surgical relief or balloon valvoplasty. We describe a neonate in whom the stenosis spontaneously regressed over nine years. PMID- 3229434 TI - Traumatic papillary muscle dysfunction: attempted mitral-valve repair and eventual prosthetic replacement. AB - A previously healthy young man sustained a deceleration chest injury. Severe mitral regurgitation was confirmed by Doppler and cardiac catheterisation. The mitral valve and subvalvular apparatus appeared normal at the subsequent surgery. Papillary muscle dysfunction was considered to be the principal cause of the regurgitation. Mitral-valve repair failed to preserve the competence of the valve, leading to successful mitral-valve replacement. Histology of the papillary muscle showed necrosis, confirming the original diagnosis. Post-traumatic papillary muscle dysfunction is concluded to be one of the cause of severe mitral regurgitation. Appropriate treatment is valve replacement rather than attempting conservative management. PMID- 3229435 TI - Vectorcardiographic criteria for acute right ventricular infarction. AB - Based on serial vectorcardiographic and cardiac scintigraphic studies of 62 patients with acute myocardial infarction, we propose vectorcardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of acute right ventricular infarction. These criteria are: (1) the direction of the maximal spatial ST vector points either to the right-anterior-inferior or to the right-posterior-inferior octant, and (2) the magnitude of the projection of the maximal spatial ST vector is greater than or equal to 0.15 mV in the horizontal plane. By using these criteria correlated with scintigraphic results, 92% sensitivity was achieved together with 98% specificity; the Kappa statistic was 0.90. In patients with acute inferior and right ventricular infarction, the serial maximal spatial ST vector swung to-and fro like a 'tug of war' between right-anterior-inferior and right-posterior inferior octants during the acute stage. In patients with acute inferior posterior and right ventricular infarction, the serial maximal spatial ST vector pointed to the right-posterior-inferior octant during the whole course of the acute stage. Failure to recognize this electrical phenomenon may make the clinician inaccurate when judging the clinical course of acute right ventricular infarction or over-estimate the result of therapeutic intervention. PMID- 3229436 TI - Patterns of maximal spatial ST vector of S-T segment elevation in the right praecordial leads of the electrocardiogram in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction. AB - Thirty patients with S-T segment elevation in the right praecordial leads during acute inferior myocardial infarction were studied by vectorcardiography. From the vectorcardiographic traces two types of maximal spatial ST vectors were seen. Their directions pointed either to: (1) the right-anterior-inferior, or (2) the right-posterior-inferior octant. This spatial ST vector could cause S-T segment elevation in the right praecordial leads in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction in two ways. (1) The projection of the right-anterior inferior maximal spatial ST vector on the horizontal plan pointing to right anterior direction directly causes S-T segment elevation in the right praecordial leads--only a minority of patients (20%) show this. (2) The large magnitude of the right-posterior-inferior maximal spatial ST vector indirectly causes S-T segment elevation in the right praecordial leads adjacent to it. The majority of patients (80%) belong to this group. Therefore, the maximal S-T segment elevation in the electrocardiogram should be looked for in leads V5R to V8R. The direction of the vectors imply that in some patients there would be no S-T segment elevation in lead V4R. This study indicates that the use of S-T segment elevation in V4R, or several right praecordial leads, to claim that the maximal ST vector points to the right-anterior direction can be misleading. Without directional information, the use of single lead or several leads to detect the maximal spatial ST vector by a scalar electrocardiogram will give incomplete information.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229437 TI - Value of post-operative programmed ventricular stimulation after map-guided surgery for ventricular tachyarrhythmias--epicardial versus endocardial stimulation. AB - To assess the efficacy of map-guided antitachycardia surgery, induction of ventricular tachycardia has mostly been performed using endocardial stimulation. In addition, epicardial stimulation can be done using temporary epicardial wires, thus not requiring post-operative catheterization. However, the diagnostic value of epicardial versus endocardial stimulation for the post-operative evaluation of patients undergoing map-guided surgery for drug-refractory ventricular tachycardia is not known, especially with regard to the induction of non-clinical tachyarrhythmias. Therefore, we compared the results of epicardial and endocardial programmed ventricular stimulation in 58 consecutive patients in whom pairs of steel wires were placed over the right ventricle during surgery. The stimulation protocol consisted of single and/or double premature stimuli during sinus rhythm and paced ventricular drives of 500, 430, 370 and 330 ms. Pre operatively, all patients had inducible monomorphic ventricular tachycardia by endocardial stimulation. Post-operatively, 36 patients were not inducible by either epicardial or endocardial programmed ventricular stimulation, whereas epicardial and endocardial stimulation induced the clinical ventricular tachycardia in six patients and non-clinical ventricular tachycardia in three patients (45/58 patients, 77% concordant). However, in two patients the clinical ventricular tachycardia was induced only by endocardial programmed ventricular stimulation. Non-clinical ventricular tachycardia was inducible in three patients by epicardial stimulation only, and in eight patients by endocardial stimulation only (13/58 patients, 23% discordant). Thus, in 77% of patients an identical result of programmed ventricular stimulation was obtained using epicardial and endocardial stimulation, whereas the results were discordant in 23%. Therefore, epicardial stimulation alone is not sufficient for the post-operative evaluation after map-guided surgery. PMID- 3229438 TI - Cryosurgery for ventricular bigeminy using a transaortic closed ventricular approach. AB - Disabling monomorphic ventricular bigeminy has not been described as an indication for surgery. Three young patients with this arrhythmia sometimes deteriorating into ventricular tachyarrhythmias and in whom drug therapy failed completely were accepted for surgical ablation of the arrhythmogenic area. The earliest endocardial site of origin was located preoperatively by catheter mapping of the spontaneously occurring ventricular bigeminy in the left and right ventricles. For maximum preservation of myocardial muscle and function, the preoperative mapping and surgical procedure were performed through the aortic root; mapping by transaortic multipolar balloon was done during normothermic coronary perfusion and cryocoagulation was done during cardioplegic arrest. Cryocoagulation of the endocardial site was performed using the transaortic approach and epicardial cryocoagulation at the opposite site was done afterwards. In the two patients in whom the preoperative mapping results were consistent with those of preoperative catheter mapping, the arrhythmia could be abolished, as documented during long-term follow-up. In the only patient in whom the mapping results were not in agreement, the ventricular arrhythmia reoccurred and was the cause of death at five months after surgery. Postoperative wall-motion studies performed in the two surviving patients showed limited scars in the area of cryocoagulation and minor damage to the coronary arteries in that area. The transaortic approach can be considered as a new and important surgical option for endocardial mapping and cryocoagulation which prevents the damaging effects of a left ventriculotomy. PMID- 3229439 TI - Observations on variability of atrioventricular nodal conduction in man and the dual-pathway response. AB - A study was made of nodal conduction times of atrial stimuli with fixed coupling intervals, in 23 patients divided into two groups according to their atrial stimulus test response: Group I (continuous AV node function curve; 17 cases) and Group II (dual AV node pathway; six cases). The stimulation protocol involved the delivery of 75 stimuli with a fixed coupling interval 20 ms greater than the effective refractory period (ERP) of the AV node (Group I) or fast pathway (Group II). The atrial coupling intervals (A1A2) and node conduction times (A2H2) were measured. An evaluation was made of the dispersion of intervals with range (R) and of the distribution of A2H2 times (X2 test). In both Groups, R (A2H2) was greater than R(A1A2) (P less than 0.05); R(A2H2) in Group II was greater than R(A2H2) in Group I (P less than 0.001). In Group I the distribution of A2H2 was non-normal in four cases and bimodal in five; in Group II the distribution was non-normal and bimodal in all cases. It is concluded that: (1) the AV node generates a dispersion in its conduction times in the vicinity of its ERP, although the nodal conduction curve is continuous; and (2) the so-called dual pathway may constitute an exaggeration of AV node response inhomogeneity. PMID- 3229440 TI - Physiological variation in the termination window of re-entry tachycardia studied by non-invasive programmed stimulation. AB - In seven patients with re-entry tachycardias and the implanted antitachycardia device Tachylog (Siemens Elema, Sweden) the variation in the termination window related to posture and exertion was investigated. The investigations were performed on an outpatient basis utilizing the interactive pacing mode of the implanted unit. Six patients had supraventricular tachycardia and one patient had exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia. In all patients, double ventricular stimuli were necessary for tachycardia control. In the patients with supraventricular tachycardia, the termination window decreased significantly in the erect position (-46.5%, P less than 0.001) and in two patients it completely disappeared. Two patients could be studied during exercise. In one patient, exertion caused the termination window to shrink to 63% of its duration standing still, whereas in the other patient it widened to twice its value in the erect position. In the patient with ventricular tachycardia, whom we could study erect only, additional exercise caused the termination window to shrink on average 16.5%. These findings demonstrate that the termination window of re-entry tachycardia varies considerably with posture and exercise. This has important implications for the design of antitachycardia algorithms which will be reliably effective during daily life. Repeated non-invasive stimulation studies can be performed as an outpatient procedure allowing investigation of re-entry tachycardia under circumstances mimicking daily life. PMID- 3229441 TI - Electrophysiological studies on the effects of mianserin, a tetracyclic antidepressant agent, on isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle. AB - We studied the effects of mianserin on the action potentials of papillary muscle from the guinea-pig. Mianserin (above 10 microM) reduced the maximum rate of the rise (Vmax) of the action potential, and shifted the Vmax-Em relationship to more negative potentials. The compound also depressed the slow action potentials of K+ depolarized papillary muscles. It is concluded that relatively high concentrations of mianserin had an inhibitory action on the electrophysiological properties of both the fast- and slow-response fibers of the heart. PMID- 3229442 TI - Intracerebroventricular phaclofen antagonizes baclofen antinociceptive activity in hot plate test with mice. PMID- 3229443 TI - Influence of microinjection of corticosterone into ventromedial hypothalamus on hepatic acetate metabolism in rabbits. AB - Corticosterone was injected into the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of rabbits, and changes in hepatic acetate metabolism were studied. The microinjection of corticosterone with seasame oil into the VMH of intact rabbits increased the rates of 14C transfer from 14C-1-acetate into CO2, glucose, ketone bodies, triglyceride, free cholesterol, free fatty acids and phospholipids but decreased those of 14C transfer into cholesterol ester. However, corticosterone injected into the VMH of rabbits with VMH lesions or the parietal cortex of intact rabbits was without effect on the hepatic acetate metabolism. From these results it might be suggested that the VMH is an integral part of the corticosterone-sensitive brain regulator system in the hepatic acetate metabolism. PMID- 3229444 TI - Insulin receptors and glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetics influenced by acetyl-salicylic acid treatment. AB - The effect of acetyl-salicylic acid administration on insulin receptors on the erythrocytes and the changes of glucose homeostasis examined by hyperglycaemic clamps were evaluated in 8 Type 2 diabetics. Significantly increased number of insulin receptors and decreased insulin affinity constants were found in diabetics after the acetyl-salicylic acid treatment (p less than 0.02). Significantly decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin and metabolic clearance rate of insulin (p less than 0.02) were observed in Type 2 diabetics after the acetyl-salicylic acid treatment. We conclude that acetyl-salicylic acid may impair glucose homeostasis due to interference with insulin action in peripheral tissues. PMID- 3229445 TI - Remission of the newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes by radiation of the pancreas. AB - The process of autoaggression of the IDDM causes an "insulitis" leading to the destruction of the beta-cells. By photons (9 MV) in a total dose of 10 Gy, divided into 5 single doses at an interval of 2 days in each case we could get a total remission in 3 out of 4 diabetics, a partly remission in the fourth patient. The therapeutic effect lasts till now (1-6 months) without any further treatment. The combination of a radiation of 5 x 1 Gy with 1 mg methylprednisolon/kg body weight at the beginning of the treatment leads to a partly remission in 5 out of 7 patients lasting 3-7 months hitherto. Beside the antiinflammatory effect of the radiation on the "insulitis" an effect on the activated lymphocytes can be supposed. Side effects were not observed. They need not to be expected in a local therapy in a relatively small field size with a low radiation dose. Further research is necessary to confirm the results. PMID- 3229446 TI - The male-induced implantation failure (the Bruce effect) in laboratory mice: investigations on luteal failure in pregnancy-blocked females. AB - The luteal function in newly inseminated female mice following exposure to alien males was investigated. The corpora lutea (CL) of newly inseminated females exhibited high delta 5 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5 3 beta HSD) activity at 24 hr or 48 hr (pro-oestrus) after the beginning of alien male exposure. By contrast, the enzyme activity in the CL at 72 hr (oestrus) after the beginning of alien male exposure was markedly less as compared with that in the CL of unexposed controls. This suggests that the CL of newly inseminated female mice can synthesise progesterone from its substrate at least up to 48 hr after the beginning of alien male exposure. Administration of prolactin to newly inseminated females beginning at 0 hr of alien male exposure prevented implantation failure; the majority of females showed implanted embryos. Prolactin administration starting at 24 hr after the beginning of alien male exposure was only partially effective, and that starting at 48 hr was totally ineffective in preventing implantation failure in newly inseminated females. The results indicate that the CL of newly inseminated females cease to respond to prolactin within 24 hr of alien male exposure, even though they exhibit the capacity to synthesise progesterone (as evidenced by the presence of delta 5 3 beta HSD activity) for a longer period. PMID- 3229447 TI - No diabetogenic effect of N-nitrosomethylurea on pregnant BALB/c mice and their progeny. AB - Our studies give evidence that N-nitrosomethylurea applied to BALB/c mice one day before or after mating or during pregnancy (12th day) even in small (16 or 32 mg/kg) and repeated doses (16 mg/kg on 5 consecutive days, total dose 80 mg/kg) is a more toxic than potent diabetogenic agent. Mortality rises in parent mice and their progeny with no influence on glucose tolerance test and blood glucose level over the whole investigation period (4 hours-12 weeks). PMID- 3229448 TI - Is there a relationship between metabolic control and glucose concentration in breast milk of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic mothers? AB - We studied glucose concentration of breast milk of nursing diabetic mothers and its possible relationship to the quality of metabolic control. Eleven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic mothers and 11 age-matched control subjects were included in the study. Although a near-normoglycemic control of diabetic mothers was accomplished by intensified insulin treatment, the HbA1 value was significantly higher in comparison to non-diabetic mothers (8.1 +/- 0.9% versus 6.2 +/- 0.5%; p less than 0.01). Regardless of this, the glucose concentration of breast milk did not differ between diabetic mothers and that of non-diabetic women (0.68 +/- 0.50 mmol/l versus 0.66 +/- 0.55 mmol/l). No correlation exists between glucose concentration of breast milk and relevant blood glucose concentration as well as glycosylated haemoglobin A1 of the mother. In conclusion, our data support the view that breast-feeding of infants of diabetic mothers is not associated with an increased offer of glucose and thus not being of importance as a possible mechanism to sustain a hyperinsulinemic state in the newborns. PMID- 3229449 TI - Metastatic carcinoma to pituitary adenomas: a report of two cases. AB - Two cases of carcinoma metastatic to pituitary adenomas are reported. One patient had a prostatic adenocarcinoma, giving rise to metastases in an adenoma found incidentally at autopsy; clinically and immunohistochemically, the adenoma showed lack of endocrine activity. The second patient had symptoms of cortisol excess. A corticotroph adenoma associated with a malignant neoplasm was diagnosed ante mortem; at autopsy a pancreatic endocrine neoplasm was found. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were important in elucidating the primary tumor. The formation of extraportal vascular channels and altered blood flow may have importance in the pathogenesis of cancer metastases to pituitary adenomas. PMID- 3229450 TI - Serum lipoprotein changes in female rats treated with progesterone or synthetic gestagens alone or in combination with estradiol. II. Serum triglycerides and hepatic triglyceride release. AB - The influence of progesterone (P) and synthetic gestagens given alone or in combination with estradiol (E2) on triglyceride (TG) concentration in serum of adult female rats was studied. Norethisterone acetate (NEA), levonorgestrel (LNG), dienogest (DEG), chlormadinone acetate (CMA) and P were administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg for three times. E2 was given chronically by s.c. implants. Synthetic gestagens and P were without any effect on the TG serum concentrations but E2 elevated the TG level by 168%. This E2-induced TG increase was not reversed by synthetic gestagens or P given orally but only by P s.c. after combined treatment with E2 plus gestagens. In a second experiment the hepatic TG release into the blood was studied using the model of Triton WR-1339 induced hypertriglyceridemia. E2 as well as the synthetic gestagens stimulated the TG release while the natural P failed to produce this effect. Following treatment with E2 plus gestagens, the E2 stimulated TG release was not significantly influenced by the gestagens. It is concluded that both the hepatic TG release into and the TG removal from the circulation may be stimulated by gestagens. PMID- 3229452 TI - EEG changes in untreated hyperthyroidism and under the conditions of thyreostatic treatment. AB - 20 patients with hyperthyroidism were observed with repeated EEG measurements before and during treatment (ObsidanR; MethimazolR). 17 patients, before starting antithyroid therapy, had slight to moderate EEG abnormalities. A prevalence for moderate disturbances occurred for patients with a higher degree of hyperthyroidism. The dominant EEG frequency was higher than in euthyroid controls, but no exact correlation to T3-values could be observed. 16 patients showed abnormal reactivity to photic stimulation. One-week therapy by propranolol produced only a slight synchronizing effect in EEG's, where T3-values decreased. After 4 weeks selective therapy by MethimazolR all patients were euthyroid, but some EEG abnormalities persisted in 12 patients in a lower degree. The dominant EEG frequency decreased to control-group ranges and abnormal photic reactivity was reduced. After 6 months some EEG disturbances re-increased tentiatively, in 3 relapses excessively. These observations confirm the prognostic value of EEG measurements for the recognition of occurrence and persistence of cerebral disturbances in severe metabolic dysfunctions. PMID- 3229451 TI - Comparison of autoantibodies level in thyroid autoimmune diseases estimated by different methods. AB - Autoantibodies to different thyroid cell components in serum of patients with thyroid disease have been estimated by several methods. The TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) have been detected in 77% of untreated Graves-Basedow, in 70% of thionamide drugs treated Graves-Basedow patients up to four months of the treatment and in 48% of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Microsomal antibodies (MAb) and thyroid plasma membrane antibodies (ATMA) have been detected in 84% and 68% respectively, in thionamide drugs treated Graves-Basedow and in 91% and 72% in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The thyroglobulin antibodies have been detected in 42% of untreated Graves-Basedow, in 47% of thionamide drugs treated Graves-Basedow and in 77% of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In 19% to 21% of patients with toxic nodular goiter underlying autoimmunological process have been established by the detection of high levels of serum autoantibodies (ATMA and MAb). In the non-toxic nodular goiter, non-thyroid autoimmune diseases and healthy blood donors only thyroglobulin antibodies were detected in a significant number of patients. Other types of antibodies (ATMA or MAb) were detected only in sporadic cases of non-thyroid autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3229453 TI - Creatine kinase in hypo- and hyperthyroid rats under consideration of the circadian oscillations. AB - Thyroxine level (T4) and total creatine kinase-activity (CK) were measured in serum samples from male Wistar-rats to investigate the relationships of serum titers after exposure to cold and thyroidectomy (TX). 72 hours exposure to cold (10 degrees C) produced a statistically significant elevation of T4 and a diminuation of CK-activity. In contrast to this protocol, TX (90 days after operations) reduced the T4 level and enhanced the CK-activity. These reactions were likewise statistically significant. The presented results are in agreement with the previous proposal which consists in inverse correlation between the T4 level and the CK-activity at hypo- and hyperthyroid states. Additionally it was shown that the highest activity of the serum CK appears in the first half of the light phase of the day under normal ambient temperature (24 degrees C) as well as under exposure to cold (10 degrees C). PMID- 3229454 TI - Absence of myophosphorylase in ethanol induced cardiomyopathy. AB - The enzyme myophosphorylase is found to be decreased progressively on the basis of histochemical stain in the myocardium of chronically ethanol intoxicated rats. The enzyme completely disappears by the 12th week of ethanol intoxication. The possibility of deficient myophosphorylase playing one of the important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy is stressed. PMID- 3229455 TI - Ethanol induced cardiomyopathy--role of periodic fasting. AB - The periodic fasting in presence of continuous ethanol feeding produces pronounced morphological changes in the myocardium and its organelles of the rats. This effect of ethanol could be directly related to the sensitive state of myocardium to the former, specially when ethanol becomes an important source of energy. This is proved further by intraperitoneal injection of 40% ethanol, when profound mitochondrial morphological changes, even leading to formation of lysosome like structures, are evident in the myocardium. The study has stressed the pronounced direct effect of ethanol and its metabolites in the development of morphological changes of the myocardium. PMID- 3229456 TI - Ethanol induced skeletal muscle degeneration--role of calcium. AB - The ethanol induced skeletal muscle degeneration is multi-factorial. The morphological changes of the skeletal muscle are more pronounced in the mitochondria. The excessive concentration of calcium in the mitochondria, as shown by the electron-probe micro-analysis, within the first week of ethanol intoxication, even before the appearance of ultrastructural changes suggests that the calcium influx provokes the mitochondrial degeneration. PMID- 3229457 TI - Separation and characterization of hepatocytes from immature and adult rats into distinct subpopulations by centrifugal elutriation. AB - Hepatocytes were isolated from immature and adult rat liver by retrograde perfusion with calcium free buffer, followed by enzymic digestion, and separated into subpopulations by centrifugal elutriation. Several subpopulations with increasing cell diameters were distinguished. The smaller cells were attributed to the periportal area, the larger ones to the perivenous (centrilobular) region. Profiles of total cytochrome P-450 concentration, benzphetamine N-demethylation and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase, glucose-6 phosphatase and glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase activities were determined in all subpopulations. With adult hepatocytes an increasing cytochrome P-450 concentration with increasing cell diameter (increasing from periportal to perivenous hepatocytes) could be observed, paralleled by increasing activities of benzphetamine N-demethylation and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation activities. While NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase did not show a distinct zonation, glucose-6 phosphatase and glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase revealed increasing activities with increasing cell diameter. Immature hepatocytes (rats aged 11-15 days) were smaller, and more fragile. They could not be isolated with the same enzyme solution as adult hepatocytes and they did not show any zonation of cytochrome P 450 concentration, although the zonation of benzphetamine N-demethylation and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation was almost fully developed. For NADPH-cytochrome c reductase a zonation with higher activities in the perivenous cells could be demonstrated, in contrast to the lack of zonation in adult rats. Glucose-6 phosphatase activity showed a decline with increasing cell diameter in immature hepatocytes, whereas glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase activity did not show any zonation. In rats aged 20 days the zonation of these parameters in liver was in between that of younger and older animals. Zonation of the liver lobule develops postnatally with individual patterns for the different parameters. PMID- 3229458 TI - In vitro glycation of red blood cell proteins: high levels of glucose lower lipid fluidity of erythrocyte membranes. AB - Human erythrocyte proteins, incubated in vitro in the presence of various concentrations of glucose, undergo nonenzymatic glycosylation, as evidenced by thiobarbituric chemical procedure. In vitro incubation of normal blood cells with glucose gave rise to levels of protein-bound glucose as well as of anisotropy values similar to those found in diabetic patients. There was a linear correlation between the amount of lysine-bound glucose of total hemoglobin or membrane proteins and membrane fluidity (r = 0.904 and r = 0.902 respectively). The time course of the reaction is linear for the first hours, and the rate of glycation depends on the glucose concentration in the medium: at a glucose concentration of 28 mmol/l up to 37.4 nmoles of glucose is bound per mg of erythrocyte membrane proteins. Hyperbolic curvature of both time and glucose concentration dependencies were revealed for the glycosylation of hemoglobin and membrane proteins as well as for membrane fluidity alterations. As demonstrated by the finding of 5-hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde augmentation, higher glucose concentrations result in elevated glycation of both blood cell membrane proteins and hemoglobin, followed by the increase of membrane diphenylhexatriene anisotropy, thus resembling by consequences the affection of blood proteins by chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3229459 TI - Carcinogenesis and aging. VIII. Effect of host age on tumour growth, metastatic potential, and chemotherapeutic sensitivity to 1.4-benzoquinone guanylhydrazonethiosemicarbazone (ambazone) and 5-fluorouracil in mice and rats. AB - Mice and rats of various ages (3, 10-12, and 18-19 months) were inoculated with the transplantation tumours murine melanoma B16 (B16), mammary adenocarcinoma 755 (Ca-755), leukemia P388 (P388), and rat rhabdomyosarcoma RA-2 (RA-2). Subcutaneous (sc) growth of B16 was not markedly affected by the age of the syngeneic host whereas intravenously (iv) inoculated 12 months old C57BL/6 mice developed more pulmonary metastases than animals 3 months of age. Median survival time (MST) of 18 months old mice bearing Ca-755 was significantly shorter than that of younger individuals. In contrast, old rats that had been injected RA-2 iv survived longer than controls. Survival of DBA/2 mice inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) with P388 cells was not influenced by the age of the host. The antineoplastic activity of ambazone and, to a less extent, of 5-fluorouracil against P388 was drastically lower in 12 months old mice than in 3 months old tumour bearers. Likewise a graduate loss of antineoplastic activity of ambazone against Ca-755 was observed with increasing age of the mice, whereas the effect of ambazone and 5-fluorouracil against RA-2 did not depend on the age of the rats. It is suggested that tumour-host interactions as well as pharmacokinetics of a given drug may underlie age-related changes. PMID- 3229460 TI - Karyometric and cytophotometric studies of the oligodendroglia in the corpus callosum of the rat after hypoxia. AB - Karyometric and cytophotometric investigations were conducted using an automatic analyser "Morphoquant" on oligodendroglial nuclei of corpus callosum following acute or moderate hypoxia in Wistar rats. Results of our studies demonstrated karyometric changes in nuclei of oligodendroglia cells after hypoxia, with deviations distinct in the early and late period after exposure to hypoxia. Cytophotometric analysis of a relative DNA content in cell nuclei of oligodendroglia demonstrated an increased extinction of DNA in the early period and a decreased extinction in the late period after acute or moderate hypoxia. The changes in oligodendroglia may be primarily responsible for the molecular structure lesion in myelin, observed as a result of hypoxia. PMID- 3229461 TI - Different effects of glucose and intralipid on the onset of liver regeneration in the early period after partial hepatectomy in the rat. AB - One day fasted rats were partially hepatectomized (PH) and immediately after operation infused for 4 h, receiving each 5 ml of tested solutions as follows: a) saline solution, b) 10% Intralipid (I)--Vitrum AB, Sweden, with the energy content of 4.6 MJ/1,000 ml, c) 28% glucose (G), with the energy content of 4.6 MJ/1,000 ml. All rats were sacrificed 18, 21, 24 or 30 h postoperatively. The results obtained showed that glucose infusion in an early period after PH slowed down the onset of liver regeneration in contrast to Intralipid which exerted stimulative action on the rate of liver regeneration. This was concluded from the following findings: 1. A significantly higher liver DNA specific activity 18 and 21 h after PH in the groups given I compared with those given G. 2. A significantly higher mitotic hepatocyte activity 24 and 30 h after PH in the groups given I as compared with those given G. PMID- 3229462 TI - Biochemical changes in alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate-induced chronic cholangitis in the rat. AB - Male Wistar rats were treated for 3 weeks with alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT, 5.4 mmol per kg food). Chronic necrotic cholangitis without pronounced transaminasemia and hyperbilirubinemia developed. The activity of 5'-nucleotidase in liver plasma membrane preparations was strongly depressed (3.5 times) while the activities of K+-, Na+- and Mg++-ATPases were not affected. The liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 contents decreased. Elevation of reduced glutathione liver content after challenge with ANIT was recorded. The observed biochemical changes may be important for the pathogenesis of ANIT induced chronic cholangitis. PMID- 3229463 TI - Computer classification of experimental brain tumors in mice. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model which would be easy to use and which could provide an objective classification of experimental brain tumors. 250 brain tumors (glioblastomas, astrocytomas, astroblastomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, fibrosarcomas and giant cell sarcomas), induced in mice, were studied. In every case the same 50 histological characteristics were analyzed. For astroblastomas, oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas the diagnosis given by the neuropathologist and that given by the computer corresponded in 100% of the cases. However, some fibrosarcomas and giant cell sarcomas were not grouped in the same diagnostic category by the computer as that assigned by the neuropathologist. Thus an overall efficiency of 94.35% was obtained. This simple and efficient system of classification allows for further statistical analyses and makes it possible to correlate the results presented by different authors, thus providing for unity in all those works concerned with experimental neurooncology. PMID- 3229464 TI - Rock wool and basalt wool under the suspicion of being carcinogenic? PMID- 3229465 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of the small intestinal lead toxicology. Part I: Surface ultrastructure of the small intestine mucosa in rats with lead acetate poisoning. AB - The effects of low concentration of lead acetate on the apical surface of the jejunal enterocytes were studied. Young male rats were divided into 2 groups which received 0.01% lead acetate solution in drinking water during 30 and 60 d respectively. Blood lead concentrations of poisoned rats were elevated to 30.33 micrograms Pb/100 ml at d 30 of intoxication, then slightly depressed at the end of experiment. Weight gain was impaired only in the 60-d group in comparison with controls. Samples from jejunum were processed for scanning electron microscopy using a critical point drying method and gold evaporation. The fine structure of the surface enterocytes was always determined in the epithelial bands above the levels of crypts nearly half a distance from crypt to villous top. The shape of the jejunal villi in poisoned rats was similar to that in non-poisoned rats. A marked feature of the rats' jejunum exposed to heavy metal for 30 d was a rough appearance of the surface villi, probably associated with distortion of the glycocalyx layer. Extensive areas with degenerative lesions were observed on the surface of the most villi on the 60th d of intoxication. Microvilli of enterocytes distributed within these areas were deformed and sometimes could be completely absent. All enterocytes exhibited various degrees of glycocalyx disturbance. It was concluded that the pronounced toxic effects of lead were related to modification of biochemical properties of the surface coat of enterocytes. This abnormal function of the glycocalyx could result in damage and microvillous malformations. PMID- 3229466 TI - Dose-related neurochemical changes in the levels of gangliosides and glycogen in various regions of the rat brain and spinal cord following methyl parathion administration. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neurochemical changes in the levels of gangliosides and glycogen of the cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord following the intraperitoneal (ip) injection of the organophosphate pesticide methyl parathion (1.0 mg, 1.5 mg and 2.0 mg/kg) to each rat of the experimental group daily for 7 days. A remarkable dose-related depletion in the concentration of gangliosides was discernible in all the regions of the CNS. Also, the contents of glycogen exhibited a decrement in different parts of the brain with all the 3 dose-schedules following methyl parathion toxicosis. The results suggest that the levels of gangliosides and glycogen are affected dose-dependently in various regions of the rat brain and spinal cord. PMID- 3229467 TI - Beliefs about contraceptive sterilization among low-income urban women. AB - Among a group of low-income clinic patients planning to be sterilized, the vast majority--95 percent--reported believing that sterilization is the surest way to avoid getting pregnant and that it is safer than other contraceptive methods. Among a comparison group who also wanted no more children but did not plan to be sterilized, the majority also held these beliefs, but the proportion was lower (76-80 percent). In both groups, however, only between 64 and 70 percent knew that sterilization makes it impossible to have children in the future. Between 63 and 68 percent of the women in the sterilization group believed that having the operation would improve their family relationships, emotional state and other aspects of their lives, but only 35-58 percent of the comparison group held these beliefs. On the other hand, women in the comparison group were more likely than those in the sterilization group to believe that sterilization has negative health and psychological effects--for example, changes in menses (more bleeding or cramping) or defeminization. The beliefs held by both groups suggest that it is a conviction regarding the advantages of sterilization, rather than a relative unawareness of the disadvantages, that distinguishes women who plan to be sterilized from those who, although they want no more children, do not have similar plans. The study results have implications for family planning professionals: Counselors need to be aware that some women seeking sterilization may not understand its permanency or may have an unrealistic appraisal of its potential effect on their lives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229468 TI - Sterilization regret among women in metropolitan Montreal. PMID- 3229469 TI - Public funding of family planning, sterilization and abortion services, 1987. AB - In FY 1987, the federal and state governments spent +386 million to provide family planning services. Medicaid was the leading source of public funding, accounting for 36 percent of all public monies spent on family planning. Title X of the Public Health Service Act provided 34 percent of total public funds, and two block-grant programs--Social Services and Maternal and Child Health--together were responsible for 17 percent of public support in this area. State governments, which spent a total of +50 million of their own revenues for family planning services, accounted for the remaining 13 percent of public funding. The federal and state governments together spent +65 million to subsidize contraceptive sterilization services in FY 1987. The federal government provided 97 percent of the funding, 88 percent through the Medicaid program. In addition, the federal and state governments spent +64 million to provide 189,000 abortions to poor women; less than one percent of these funds were contributed by the federal government. These data come from a survey of state health, welfare and Medicaid agencies carried out by The Alan Guttmacher Institute and should be viewed as approximations rather than as precise figures. PMID- 3229470 TI - Title X and family planning services for men. PMID- 3229471 TI - Unintended pregnancy in America and abroad. AB - U.S. women under age 25 are far more likely to become pregnant than are comparable young women in other developed countries; however, there is no such differential among older women. Young American women appear to be no more likely than their European contemporaries to marry or to engage in intercourse at a young age, but they do seem less likely to practice contraception. Why should this be so? There are grounds to argue that young American women have more limited access to effective contraceptives than do comparable Europeans, but the problem undoubtedly has social and economic aspects as well: No other Western nation has the ethnic and socioeconomic diversity of the United States--a diversity that includes the existence of an underclass alienated from middle class values. Limited evidence also suggests that young Americans, regardless of social class, may be more prone to risk-taking than young people in other countries. Finally, another attribute of American society that undoubtedly contributes to the problem of high pregnancy rates is our ambivalence toward sexuality: Sex saturates American life--in television programs, movies and advertisements--yet the media generally fail to communicate responsible attitudes toward sex, with birth control remaining a taboo subject. In addition, a deep seated ambivalence toward sexuality has prevented Americans from responding to the problems of unintended pregnancy as rationally as have other Western nations. PMID- 3229472 TI - Teenage pregnancy in the United States. AB - One out of every 10 women aged 15-19 becomes pregnant each year in the United States. Of these pregnancies, five out of every six are unintended--92 percent of those conceived premaritally, and half of those conceived in marriage. The teenage pregnancy rate is high because only a minority (one in three) of sexually active young women always use contraceptives, and only one in two of these women rely on the most effective methods. The two most common reasons given by adolescents for not using contraceptives are believing that the risk of pregnancy is small, and failing to anticipate intercourse. Experience in other developed countries clearly shows that the incidence of adolescent pregnancy can be reduced if effective contraceptives are made widely available. Although high quality sex education programs that include information about contraception, reproductive biology and responsible sexual behavior can enhance the effectiveness of contraceptive delivery systems, they are not a substitute for the actual provision of services and supplies. However, there is formidable political opposition to the provision of such services by a vocal minority who believe that the crux of the problem is premarital sexual activity, and that lowering the cost of such behavior by reducing the risk of pregnancy will both legitimize adolescent sex and increase its prevalence. Consequently, there is a political impasse that guarantees a continuing large number of adolescent pregnancies. Further, even if contraceptives and sex education were readily available to all adolescents, there would still be a pool of teenagers who would see little benefit in postponing parenthood. This pool would be composed overwhelmingly of the poor and of blacks and Hispanics. Increasing the demand for pregnancy prevention among young women and men in this hard-core, high-risk group will be extremely hard to achieve without a fundamental restructuring of society. PMID- 3229473 TI - The weakening link between marriage and the care of children. AB - Over the last 20 years, the proportion of births that occur to unmarried women has increased dramatically, children are now much more likely to experience the breakup of their parents' marriage, and a much greater proportion of children live at least part of their childhood with only one parent. These changes have occurred predominantly among nonwhites and low-income women and children, but have occurred among whites and higher income women as well. Since these changes have done well-documented damage to children's socioeconomic conditions and prospects, an important issue is whether we can improve children's well-being by strengthening the link between marriage and child care. For a number of reasons, however--cultural, political and economic--the role of public policy is limited. Nevertheless, stronger public support is possible for people who wish to marry or stay married, but who lack the resources to do so. In a nation like Japan, child care is left almost entirely to the family, while in Sweden, the state assumes much of the responsibility; the United States seems to occupy a sort of middle ground. It is likely that U.S. social policy will continue to rely on both the family and the state to care for dependent children, a strategy that implies a continuing tension between public acceptance of changes in family life and public sentiment for a return to older ways. PMID- 3229475 TI - Upper airways resistance and snoring in anaesthetized dogs. AB - We have measured upper airways resistance from the trachea and from the pharynx to the atmosphere, EMG of genioglossus muscle, and the sound of snoring, in anaesthetized greyhounds breathing spontaneously through the upper airways. Using extra-corporeally produced continuous flow we determined flow/pressure curves for the upper airways in an expiratory direction and analysed them in terms of resistances from the trachea and from the pharynx. Resistances and other variables were determined with the nose open and the nostrils blocked. About one third of the dogs snored spontaneously and most of the remainder did so when the nose was blocked. During snoring with nasal blockage the upper airways resistance increased considerably, and the sound of snoring and genioglossus EMG were also enhanced. The results show that the anaesthetized greyhound is a suitable model for studying snoring with simultaneous measurements of upper airways resistance and the activity of pharyngeal dilator muscles. PMID- 3229474 TI - Population and family planning: an international perspective. AB - Since the 1960s, the U.S. government has supported population and family planning programs in Third World countries, on the grounds that rapid population growth impairs the ability of those countries to develop economically; family planning programs contribute to fertility decline; and such programs help improve the health of mothers and children. Although the United States remains the largest single donor of funding for international population programs, its support has weakened during the eight years of the Reagan administration and patterns of funding for those programs have changed substantially. Since the 1960s, however, contraceptive use has increased in the Third World and fertility has fallen substantially. The decline has been uneven, though--considerable in some countries, moderate in others but very small in many. The performance of family planning programs around the world has varied widely, and questions remain as to what, if anything, can be done to increase success. For the future, three aspects of population and fertility control in developing countries merit special attention: the supply of contraceptive commodities going to family planning programs; the maintenance and strengthening of the family planning infrastructure; and the need to examine the policy implications of differing patterns of fertility and population growth for national development and individual well-being. PMID- 3229476 TI - The effects of a mixture of surface-active agents (Sonarex) on upper airways resistance and snoring in anaesthetized dogs. AB - We measured upper airways resistance from the trachea and from the pharynx to the atmosphere, EMG of the genioglossus muscle and the sound of snoring, in anaesthetized greyhounds, breathing spontaneously through the upper airways. Using extra-corporeally produced continuous flow we determined flow/pressure curves for the upper airways and resistances from the trachea and from the pharynx. We tested the effects of 0.9% saline and of Sonarex (a proprietary mixture containing sodium chloride, glycerol, polysorbate 80 and benzalkonium chloride). Both saline and Sonarex decreased upper airways resistance, but the latter did so more consistently. With Sonarex, genioglossus activity increased and the sound of snoring decreased. Flow/pressure curves 5-20 min after Sonarex showed a decrease in upper airways resistance and a smoother curve, whereas those with saline showed an increase in resistance. The sound produced by continuous flow through the upper airways was decreased by Sonarex but increased by saline. Thus, both Sonarex and saline decrease upper airways resistance, but Sonarex also reduces the sound of snoring and the resistance and sound of continuous airflow through the upper airways. PMID- 3229477 TI - Comparison of human lung surface protein profiles from the central and peripheral airways sampled using two regional lavage techniques. AB - This study describes two new techniques of lung lavage which selectively remove material from the central airways, or from the lung below the seventh generation. Bronchograms confirmed that discrete regions of the lung were washed by central lavage (CL; maximum airway diameter approximately 6.5 mm) and peripheral lavage (PL; maximum airway diameter approximately 1.3 mm), and that both could be clearly distinguished from conventional bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). These techniques were used to establish whether or not large-airway proteins made a major contribution to the protein profile of BAL. Twenty consecutive patients undergoing routine fibreoptic bronchoscopy were investigated. More bronchial mucus proteinase inhibitor per unit albumin and per unit total measured antiproteinase was present in CL than PL or BAL. In contrast alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor per unit albumin and as a percentage of total measured antiproteinase was lower in CL than in other lavage types. There were no differences in elastase activity, irrespective of the way in which the data were expressed. As no differences were found between BAL and PL for any of the variables measured, it was concluded that in the subjects studied the contribution of CL proteins to BAL was minimal. PMID- 3229478 TI - Interaction between allopurinol and pyrazinamide. AB - Pyrazinamide (PZA) is increasingly used with isoniazid and rifampicin, in short course antituberculous chemotherapy in service programme conditions. Complicating arthralgias occur due to hyperuricaemia induced by the inhibition of renal tubular secretion of uric acid by pyrazinoic acid, the main PZA metabolite. Allopurinol (Al), a hypouricaemic agent, provides no substantial clinical improvement. Pharmacokinetics of PZA and its metabolites were studied in six healthy volunteers, in a cross-over design, after a single oral dose of PZA alone and, in a second trial, after the same dose together with Al. Plasma and urinary concentrations were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography with a column of cation exchange resin. Analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters showed that Al induced marked changes in levels of PZA metabolites and accumulation of pyrazinoic acid. Despite decreasing uric acid synthesis, allopurinol increased plasma concentrations of pyrazinoic acid, which is directly responsible for the inhibition of renal urate secretion. Other drugs, which do not involve xanthine oxidase inhibition, should be used in the treatment of this side effect of chemotherapy. PMID- 3229479 TI - Plant constituents of cotton dust and lung effects after inhalation. AB - Experiments were performed to assess pulmonary reactions after inhalation of cotton dusts with different levels of tannins, terpenoid aldehydes and bacterial endotoxins. Guinea-pigs were exposed to cotton dust. Free lung cells were obtained by lavage 24 h later. A dose-response relationship was found between the number of neutrophils and the amount of endotoxin in the dust. No influence of terpenoid aldehyde or tannin levels could be detected. Cotton mill workers were exposed to dust from glanded and glandless cottons in an experimental cardroom. The average decreases in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) over the workday after carding the two cottons were the same, although levels of dust, tannin or terpenoid aldehydes were different. The level of airborne endotoxin was, however, equal. The results support observations from other studies on the importance of endotoxin for the development of the acute reactions observed after cotton dust exposure. PMID- 3229481 TI - Mechanism of pulmonary function changes after surgical correction for funnel chest. AB - In 24 subjects with pectus excavatum we evaluated whether the previously detected unfavourable effects of corrective surgery on the ventilatory capacity were attributable to pulmonary or to chest wall factors. We found that 12.2 +/- 3.7 yrs postoperatively (i.e. at the age of 23.3 +/- 5.4 yrs) the vital capacity was decreased from 89 +/- 10% predicted (pred) preoperatively to 64 +/- 6% pred (p less than 0.001) and forced expiratory volume in one second from 88 +/- 17 to 66 +/- 11% pred (p less than 0.001). At total lung capacity (TLC; 69 +/- 5% pred) we found an obvious reduction in transpulmonary pressure (59 +/- 23% pred) and in transdiaphragmatic pressure (30 +/- 17 cmH2O) postoperatively. This indicated an extrapulmonary cause of the restrictive defect, attributable to abnormal chest wall mechanics secondary to the extensive surgery on the sternum and parasternal zones. PMID- 3229482 TI - The role of lymphatics in removing pleural liquid in discrete hydrothorax. AB - The thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct of the dogs in the experimental group were ligated at the neck. Saline labelled with Evans blue was injected (10 ml.kg 1) into the pleural cavity. The colloid osmotic pressure of the saline was adjusted to be exactly equal to that of normal pleural liquid. The change in the volume of the liquid and the decrease of the marker were studied for 3 h. The dynamics of the pleural liquid were investigated. In the control group, the volume of the pleural liquid decreased at the rate of 1.31 ml.h-1.kg-1 body weight and 87% of it left via the lymphatics. With the ligation of the bilateral lymphatic ducts, the lymphatic removal rate decreased to about one tenth. This result shows that the hydrothorax leaves the pleural cavity mainly via the lymphatics. PMID- 3229480 TI - Electron microscopic analysis of asbestos body cores from the Belgian urban population. AB - Typical ferruginous bodies considered as asbestos bodies (AB) were collected from the lungs of 19 asbestos-exposed and 25 non-exposed urban subjects. Of the 319 body cores analysed by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), 315 were asbestos. The non-asbestos cores were talc and crystalline silica. 89.2% of the asbestos cores were commercial amphiboles (amosite/crocidolite), 7% were chrysotile and 3.8% were non-commercial amphiboles (anthophyllite/tremolite). The commercial amphibole bodies were found in exposed and non-exposed subjects and chrysotile bodies mostly in exposed subjects. The non-commercial amphibole bodies were detected in non-exposed patients with low lung AB levels; this background contamination would be more difficult to detect in lungs containing large amounts of bodies due to occupational exposure. Chrysotile bodies and tremolite/anthophyllite bodies were not observed together. We suggest that in Belgium the source of non-commercial amphiboles exposure is not contamination by chrysotile. PMID- 3229483 TI - Active sensitization of guinea-pig airways in vivo enhances in vivo and in vitro responsiveness. AB - A plethysmographic method was employed to assess the airway resistance of conscious, free-breathing guinea-pigs. Using this method animals sensitized by inhalation of ovalbumin and appropriate controls were assessed for their responsiveness to histamine and methacholine in vivo. The cough frequency on exposure to citric acid mist in the two groups was also assessed. Tracheal spirals from these animals were subsequently tested for their responsiveness to histamine, methacholine and prostaglandin D2 in vitro. Sensitization increased responsiveness to histamine, methacholine and citric acid in vivo but only histamine responses were affected in vitro. These changes were accompanied by a significant eosinophilia in the airways as assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage. We conclude that sensitization of the airways to ovalbumin results in responsiveness changes in bronchial smooth muscle accompanied by signs of airway inflammation. PMID- 3229484 TI - Nasal mucociliary transport in healthy subjects is slower when breathing dry air. AB - We assessed the effect of dry air (DA) nasal breathing on nasal clearance rate in healthy nonsmoking subjects. We measured saccharin nasal transit time (SNTT), an index of mucociliary clearance rate, in eleven normal subjects (six males, five females) breathing either room air (RA) or DA through the nose in random order on six different study days. On each study day, the trial was conducted at the same time, in the same nostril, using a patent airway. DA was breathed through a light weight, tight-fitting, nasal mask (SEFAM, France) for 30 min and SNTT was then measured immediately. Saccharin (250 micrograms) was deposited on the anterior part of the inferior turbinate under visual control and saliva was swallowed every 30 s thereafter. SNTT was the time elapsed between deposition and first perception of saccharin taste. The group-average SNTT on DA was 18.5 +/- 8.6 min which was significantly longer than on RA (11.9 +/- 5.3 min). Our findings suggest that dry air breathing results in excessive water loss by the nasal mucosa, which may in turn reduce nasal mucociliary clearance rate through changes in the rheological properties or adhesiveness of nasal mucus and/or slowing of ciliary beating. PMID- 3229485 TI - Comparison of two different mouthpieces for the measurement of Pimax and Pemax in normal and weak subjects. AB - We investigated the effect of mouthpiece design on maximum static expiratory (PEmax) and inspiratory (PImax) mouth pressures. We measured PEmax from total lung capacity (TLC) and PImax from residual volume (RV) in 21 healthy volunteers, and in 40 patients referred for respiratory muscle testing. We compared two different mouthpieces, a semi-rigid plastic flanged type fitting inside the lips, and a 4 cm diameter rubber tube held against the lips. The tube mouthpiece gave significantly higher values for PEmax (p less than 0.02) in all subjects. PImax was also significantly higher (p less than 0.005) with the tube mouthpiece in subjects who recorded normal pressures. We conclude that maximum pressures are obtained in all normal subjects with the rubber tube mouthpiece, and that differences in quoted normal ranges of maximum static respiratory pressures reflect in part the design of the mouthpiece and the way in which it was used. PMID- 3229486 TI - Pseudomonas thoracic empyema secondary to nosocomial rhinosinusitis. AB - Three cases of Pseudomonas thoracic empyema occurring in nasotracheally intubated patients are reported. Paranasal rhinosinusitis, a well documented complication of prolonged nasotracheal intubation, could be the primary infectious location. Massive respiratory tract colonization leads to extensive necrotizing pulmonary lesions. Failure of diagnosis and treatment of sinus involvement could be responsible for persistent or recurrent pleural empyema. Treatment includes continuous pleural drainage, sinusitis treatment and antibiotics. This complication should be considered in the choice between early tracheostomy and prolonged nasotracheal intubation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. PMID- 3229488 TI - Spontaneous bilateral chylothorax: uniform features of a rare condition. AB - A 67-yr-old woman was admitted with dyspnoea, chest and neck pain and swelling of both supraclavicular fossae and the neck. Chest X-ray showed bilateral pleural effusions. Thoracocentesis yielded a milky fluid with a high triglyceride level. Four previously published cases had similar clinical manifestations. The pathophysiology is discussed. PMID- 3229487 TI - Empyema caused by Kingella denitrificans and Peptostreptococcus spp. in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Empyema caused by Kingella denitrificans and Peptostreptococcus spp. was diagnosed in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma. This appears to be the third report providing evidence of a pathogenic role for K. denitrificans, and the first concerning infection in the pleural space and in a patient with underlying immunosuppressive disease. K. denitrificans should be added to the list of fastidious gram-negative bacteria associated with opportunistic infections in the compromised host. PMID- 3229489 TI - Spontaneous increase and decrease of thoracic lymphadenopathy and SACE in sarcoidosis. AB - A case of sarcoidosis with iterative spontaneous increase and decrease of thoracic lymphadenopathy is described. No condition such as infectious disease, particular environmental exposure or medication could explain this unusual course of thoracic sarcoidosis. PMID- 3229490 TI - [The polymorphism of an indomethacin derivative]. PMID- 3229491 TI - A morphological analysis of collagen extracted from bovine Achilles tendon. PMID- 3229492 TI - [Evaluation of possible significant pharmacokinetic interactions between butizide and potassium canrenoate in man]. PMID- 3229494 TI - [A substance with antibacterial and antifungal activity. V. Synthesis and microbiological activity of new derivatives of 1,5-diarylpyrrole]. AB - The synthesis and antifungal activities of new 1,5-diarylpyrrole derivatives are reported. The N-methylpiperazinyl substituent must be regarded as fundamental to activity. Furthermore the presence of substituents on the para position of the two phenyl rings and the presence of halogen atoms can be considered strengthening factors to microbiological activity. The results obtained are discussed on the basis of structure-activity relationship. PMID- 3229493 TI - [A substance with antibacterial and antifungal activity. IV. Synthesis and microbiological activity of new 1,5-diarylpyrrole derivatives]. AB - The synthesis and antifungal activities of new 1,5-diarylpyrrole derivatives are reported. Antimicrobial data in comparison with pyrrolnitrin show that only carboxamide derivatives exhibit satisfactory antifungal activity. By contrast all tested compounds show very poor antibacterial activity. The displacement of NO2 group from para to meta or ortho position of the aryl at C5 of the pyrrole ring affects the antimicrobial activity. PMID- 3229495 TI - Researches on antibacterial and antifungal agents. IX--Pyrrole analogues of bifonazole with potent antifungal activities. AB - The synthesis and antifungal activities of pyrrole analogues of bifonazole are reported. Reduction of 4-nitrobenzophenone to the corresponding alcohol, reaction with phosphorus tribromide of the latter compound and condensation of the bromonitroderivative with imidazole led to 1-[alpha-(4-nitrophenyl)-4'-benzyl]-1H imidazole. Hydrogenation of the nitro group to amino and reaction with 2,5 dimethoxytetrahydrofuran according to the Clauson-Kaas procedure afforded the pyrrole analogue of bifonazole. This compound and the related chloroderivative were also prepared by a similar pathway starting from 4-(1H-pyrrol-1 yl)benzophenone and its 4'-chloroderivative. Microbiological screening against Candida albicans and Candida spp showed 1-(alpha-[4-(1H-pyrrol-1 yl)phenyl]benzyl)-1H-imidazole to be the most active compound among the tested derivatives. PMID- 3229496 TI - [Derivatives of pyrimidine 1,2-condensate. IV. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of the N,N-disubstituted 4-amino-2H-pyrido(1,2-a)pyrimidin- 2-ones and 2-amino-4H-pyrido(1,2-a)pyrmidin-4-ones]. AB - The N,N-disubstituted 4-amino-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-ones (III) and isomer 2 amino-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones (IV) were obtained from the reaction of 2 aminopyridine with the N,N-disubstituted ethyl malonamate/phosphorus oxychloride reagent (II), in refluxing 1,2-dichloroethane. 2-[(N-Benzyl, N ethyl)amino]derivative (IV b) was also prepared in excellent yield by treating 2 chloro-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (V) with N-ethylbenzylamine. Finally, hydrogenation (Raney Nickel) of 4-[(N-ethyl,N-phenyl)amino]-2H-pyrido[1,2 a]pyrimidin-2-one (III e) afforded 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroderivative (VI) which in turn was treated with potassium borohydride to give 1,6,7,8,9,9a hexahydroderivative (VII). Several compounds described in the present paper, along with some other compounds (III) and (IV) previously synthesized by us (1,2), were tested for various pharmacological activities. The antiallergic activity (PCA in the rat), even though found in several compounds examined, turned out to be submaximal in any case, in spite of the high dose administered (500 mg/kg p.o. as a rule). The most active compound (the activity being estimated at 0.42 times that of thiaramide hydrochloride) was the 4 aminoderivative (III e). The 2-aminoderivatives (IV) series, was found to have marked antiinflammatory properties (carrageenin oedema in the rat); nevertheless, this activity was related to toxic symptoms with the exception of compound (IV b), almost asymptomatic at the administered dose (200 mg/kg p.o.). Moreover the 2 aminoderivatives (IV) generally showed weak adrenolitic activity in vitro (rat seminal vesicles), which was estimated to be from 100 to 1000 times less than that of phenoxybenzamine. PMID- 3229497 TI - 3,5-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives. I--Esters and N-substituted carbamates of 1 (2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole and its 4-bromo derivative with depressant, antiarrhythmic, analgesic and other activities. AB - The synthesis of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole (II) and its 4-bromo derivative (III) starting from chalcone epoxide, as well as of a series of esters and N-substituted carbamates derived from (II) and (III), is described. Some of these compounds showed remarkable depressant, antiarrhythmic and analgesic activities in mice and rats. Moreover, the above compounds usually exhibited moderate hypotensive, bradycardic and antiinflammatory activities in rats, infiltration anesthesia and hypoglycemic activity in mice, as well as a weak platelet antiaggregating activity in vitro. PMID- 3229498 TI - Potential CNS active agents. II--Studies of 4(3H)-quinazolinones. AB - Some new 2-carbamoylmethylthio- and 2-(omega-dimethylamino-alkyl)thio-3-aryl-7 chloro-4(3H)-quinazolinones have been prepared from 2-thio-3-aryl-7-chloro-4(3H) quinazolinones as the key intermediate. Five of the synthetic compounds were screened for their CNS activities on mice and found to be either CNS depressants or stimulants. PMID- 3229499 TI - Mental health services in southern countries of the European Region. Report on a WHO meeting. PMID- 3229500 TI - [Physioprophylaxis of puerperal diseases]. PMID- 3229501 TI - [The syndrome of scrotal edema and hyperemia in children]. PMID- 3229502 TI - [Ischemic stroke]. PMID- 3229503 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of somnambulism]. PMID- 3229504 TI - [Neurological disorders in lung diseases]. PMID- 3229505 TI - [Control over the prevention of postural disorders in children]. PMID- 3229506 TI - [Sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 3229507 TI - [Status asthmaticus]. PMID- 3229508 TI - [Gastric lavage via a tube in acute poisonings]. PMID- 3229509 TI - [Effect of alcohol on progeny]. PMID- 3229510 TI - [The working conditions for female sewing machine operators in the Moscow Sewing Combine]. PMID- 3229511 TI - [The sanitary and epidemic regimen and the swimming pool equipment at pediatric polyclinics]. PMID- 3229512 TI - [Uncoordinated labor]. PMID- 3229514 TI - [Acute gonorrhea]. PMID- 3229513 TI - [Progressive stenocardia (the preinfarct state)]. PMID- 3229515 TI - [The hazardous consequences of passive smoking]. PMID- 3229516 TI - [Differential diagnosis of jaundice in pregnant women]. PMID- 3229517 TI - [The mechanisms of memory disorders at the stages in its acquisition and fixation]. AB - The blockade of cholinergic system with scopolamine (10 mg/kg) did not impair the process of memory acquisition in rats but disrupted the process of memory fixation or consolidation, the disturbance stemming from the ketamine-blocked ion channels of nicotinic receptors. Both scopolamine and ketamine impaired the process of memory recall, being more efficient in the case of ketamine. Piracetam (40 mg/kg) diminished the impair of fixation induced with scopolamine but did not affect the ketamine-induced impairment of memory acquisition. PMID- 3229518 TI - [Sensitivity of the dopamine receptors of the amygdaloid neurons in rats with different alcohol motivations]. AB - The sensitivity of amygdaloid neurons' dopamine receptors was lower in rats preferring alcohol to water. The findings suggest an interrelationship between the dopamine receptor sensitivity and the consumption of alcohol. PMID- 3229519 TI - [The rate of blood flow in the cerebral microvessels of rats with an elevated blood leukocyte count]. AB - The effect of additional administration of leucocytes into the vascular bed upon average velocities of the blood flow in the brain cortex microvessels with the erythrocyte flow diameter 5-15 mu, was studied by means of cine-TV-technique in rats. The 25-55% increase of the leucocytes concentration did not change the average blood flow velocity in the vascular net equal to 1186 +/- 306.8 and 1152 +/- 280.0 mu, resp., neither did it change arterial pressure equal to 113 +/- 10 mm Hg. The leucocyte load, however, decelerated the blood flow velocity by 100 600 mu/sec in 45% of the vessels, accelerated it by 100-400 mu/sec in 36% and did not affect it in 19%. The data obtained suggest that the leucocyte load did not affect the resistance against blood flow in resistive vessels which control the blood flow in microvascular bed, but it led to a redistribution of the blood flow in the brain microcirculation system. PMID- 3229520 TI - [Nocigenic changes in the blood viscosity indices of rats]. AB - One-minute subcutaneous nociceptive stimulation increased arterial pressure by 15 20 mm Hg in Wistar rats. The 20-min. stimulation altered rheological properties of the blood: the hematocrit, the plasma viscosity and protein concentration, the erythrocyte aggregation velocity, the utmost tension of shift, and the viscosity of the blood standardized by hematocrit--all these parameters increased. These changes are rather unfavourable for flowing properties of the blood. The changes of the blood rheological properties were reflex-based, the problem of compensatory shifts is discussed. PMID- 3229521 TI - [The mechanisms of the development of erythrocytosis during adaptation to dynamic muscle loads]. AB - Dynamic muscular exercises intensified the erythropoiesis within one week and the erythrocytosis within two weeks in rats. An increase in the marrow erythroid cells proliferative activity was the basis of this reaction. The dynamics of this index coincide with the blood reticulocyte concentration dynamics. The serum erythropoietin activity was found to increase considerably. These findings suggest that erythropoietin can increase the erythroid cells proliferative activity. PMID- 3229522 TI - [An analysis of the shifts in the heart pump function during pressure changes in the initial portion of the aorta]. AB - External occlusion at the beginning of aorta induced different shifts of the cardiac output systemic fraction in different degrees of the AP raise. Various mechanisms of the changes in the left ventricle output were found to depend upon the degree of the AP raise in the aorta. An increase of systemic fraction in 1 to 60 mm Hg raise of the AP was due to changes in contractile activity of the myocardium, whereas in 61 to 90 mm Hg raise it was due to an increase in terminal diastolic pressure. If the AP increment exceeded 100 mm Hg a decrease of the systemic fraction occurred. PMID- 3229523 TI - [The role of circular and tangential smooth-muscle fibers in arteriole constriction and closure]. AB - Equations reflecting relationships between the thickness of blood vessel wall (w) and internal radius (r) of the vessel during the process of smooth muscle fiber contraction involved two types of the fibers orientation in vessel wall: at an angle of 45 degrees and 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the vessel. Experimental values of w and r were determined on arterioles of the rat mesentery after vasopressin or epinephrine administration. According to the degree of longitudinal and transversal efforts participation in the process of vessel closure, heterogeneity of the arterioles was revealed by comparison of the theoretical and experimental values of w and r. The ability of arterioles for closure did not depend on the initial value of relative vessel wall thickness (w/r). PMID- 3229524 TI - [The blood supply and oxygen balance of the different tissues of the extremities following experimental sympathectomy]. AB - The experiments in dogs suggested an essential difference in terms of the rearrangement of regional blood circulation in the skin and muscles of the extremity after experimental sympathectomy. Ganglionectomy induced a reduction of general peripheral arterial resistance on the operated side, an increase in the skin tissue blood flow and its oxygenation rate, a deceleration of the process of biological oxidation reducing the capability of muscles to use blood oxygen and cutting down the maximum of oxidase cytochrome (a3) activity. There was no essential change in the regional acid-alkaline balance. The above changes were due to a disturbance of the neurotrophic sympathetic effect on tissues. PMID- 3229525 TI - [Circahoral rhythms of the skin biopotentials outside of digestion and their relationship to the periodic motility of the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - Circahoral rhythms of the skin surface potentials recorded simultaneously with periodic motor activity of stomach in 4 dogs and 7 healthy subjects revealed the rhythms to be an electrophysiological equivalent of the latter in dogs. A "migration" of the group potentials in a certain spatial-temporal sequence was observed among the leads. It corresponded to the cycles of periodic motor activity of the stomach in dogs. The circahoral rhythms are a major topic for research in humans, too. PMID- 3229527 TI - [Alpha-tocopherol modulation of the resting membrane potential of the fast muscle fiber in the rat adapted to cold]. PMID- 3229526 TI - [Effect of alimentary hypercholesterolemia on the lipid composition of the chyme and of the blood flowing from the intestines]. AB - The wall of the rabbit small intestine was found to take part in regulation of the balance of general lipids, fatty and bile acids of arterio-venous blood both in intact animals and in those with hypercholesterolemia. Excessive amount of cholesterol in food reconstructs the lipid composition of enterocytes which loose important bile and fatty acids, accumulating nonequivalent intermediary products of lipid metabolism which affects the membrane permeability, readjusts the lipid exchange in enterocytes and their control over lipid complexes circulating in the blood. PMID- 3229528 TI - [The role of the adrenal and thyroid glands in changes in the blood amino acid composition during adaptation to muscle loads]. PMID- 3229530 TI - [Automated system for the throughput and processing of a complex of physiological indices on laboratory animals]. PMID- 3229529 TI - [Modulation of the phases of ureteral slow-wave activity by physiologically active substances]. PMID- 3229531 TI - [Simultaneous recording of the electrical and mechanical activities of the striated muscles in a chronic experiment]. PMID- 3229532 TI - Growing pains. PMID- 3229533 TI - The wolf inside. PMID- 3229534 TI - Aerobic exercise in the management of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 3229535 TI - Common arthritic manifestations. PMID- 3229536 TI - Informed consent. PMID- 3229537 TI - Undifferentiated skin carcinoma: ultrastructural aspects of histogenesis, diagnostics and classification. PMID- 3229538 TI - [Initial experiences with an automatic data processing-assisted melanoma register of the dermatologic clinic of the Dresden-Friedrichstadt regional hospital]. PMID- 3229539 TI - [Use of cell kinetic studies in managing the treatment of malignant melanoma of the skin]. PMID- 3229540 TI - [Trichogenic trichoblastoma]. PMID- 3229541 TI - Breast-feeding following spontaneous and induced labour. AB - Carrying out the intention to breast-feed was assessed in 185 mothers divided into four groups according to whether labour was spontaneous, with or without oxytocin augmentation, or induced, either by their own choice or on the advice of their obstetrician. Intention to breast-feed was abandoned most frequently by women in whom labour had been electively induced. As the difference with the other groups could not be explained by obstetric factors, it is concluded that motivational factors may have played a part. PMID- 3229542 TI - Coexistence of spermatozoa morphological abnormalities in the semen of potentially fertile men. AB - Spermatozoal morphology in semen specimens from 114 potentially fertile men, aged from 20 to 40 years, was evaluated from Papanicolaou stained smears, in order to investigate: (a) the frequency of abnormalities in the neck and tail of spermatozoa with an abnormal or normal head, and (b) the ability of prediction of the morphology of one sperm part when the morphology of another is known. It was found that: (1) Morphological abnormalities in the neck are significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in spermatozoa with an abnormal head than in spermatozoa with a normal head. (2) Morphological abnormalities in the tail and cytoplasmic droplet are also higher, although not significant, in spermatozoa with an abnormal head. (3) The proportional reduction in error (PRE) was low in all cases. Our results show that spermatozoa with abnormal heads more often present morphological abnormalities of their other parts than spermatozoa with normal heads. However, no prediction can be made on the nature of the morphology of a part of a spermatozoon on the basis of knowledge of the morphology of another of its parts. PMID- 3229543 TI - Analysis of the role of prostaglandins in the fertilization process. AB - This study was designed to elucidate the role of prostaglandins (PG) in the fertilization process, using indomethacin (ID), an inhibitor of PG biosynthesis, and mouse in vitro fertilization as a model for analysis. Spermatozoal viability, as assessed via motility, was not suppressed by ID at 100 and 150 micrograms/ml in 3-h incubation, but markedly by 200 micrograms/ml in 1-h incubation. On the other hand, ovum viability was not affected even by 200 micrograms/ml ID in 5-h incubation, as assessed via dye-excretion and morphology. Fertilization rates for 0, 100, 150 and 200 micrograms/ml ID were 58.8, 54.8, 24.3 and 18.9%, respectively; at 150 micrograms/ml and more, significant inhibition was noted. The reduction in spermatozoal viability at 200 micrograms/ml ID was not detected after supplementation of 50 micrograms/ml PGF2 alpha. Fertilization rates were 23.1 and 20.7% in the groups at 150 and 200 micrograms/ml ID with PG solvent, respectively. After supplementation of 50 micrograms/ml PGF2 alpha, the rates were 55.8% and 64.0%, respectively. The degenerated eggs significantly increased. The polyspermic eggs also tended to increase in the ID 200 micrograms/ml groups; however, after PGF2 alpha supplementation, the number of such eggs tended to decrease. Based on these facts, it is concluded that PG may play their role in fertilization not only via sperm, but also via eggs. PMID- 3229544 TI - Chromosomal preparations of human triploid zygotes and embryos fertilized in vitro. AB - Forty-eight zygotes with more than two pronuclei were identified after in vitro fertilization, representing 6.1% of all fertilized oocytes. The chromosome preparations from pronuclear stage to the cleaved human embryos were examined. Prophase was found in eight out of ten zygotes. The spreading of chromosomes allowed an adequate counting in only two cases. Six of the eight preparations displayed a late prophase. In this stage each haploid group of chromosomes can be analysed separately. Kariogamy usually occurred 4 to 5 h after the pronuclei had disappeared, and polyploid number of chromosomes were found in well-spread metaphases. The chromosomal preparations were made for eleven human embryos arising from zygotes with three pronuclei. Out of ten preparations, where the chromosomes could be counted, seven embryos (70%) contained hypodiploidic groups of chromosomes. In two of the cases, however, triploid metaphases were found, and in the last one a triploid/diploid mosaicism. PMID- 3229545 TI - Fibromyoma of the vagina. AB - Fibromyoma of the vagina is a rare condition. The earliest reference contributed to such a tumor is attributed to Deneys De Leyden in 1733, although Phillips gives the distinction to Jacobs Denys in 1773. In 1882, Kleinwaechter published an authoritative review of 53 cases. Scheffrey and Farell collected 163 cases in 1934. Bennet and Ehrlich estimated in 1941 that approximately 200 cases had been reported and added another 9 cases of their own. Since then there had been only case reports, until 1965 Kettle described another six cases. In the Chinese literature five cases were collected since 1949. At Gu-Lou (Drum Tower Hospital) another 11 cases were seen which will be reported below. The estimated number of this tumor will probably not exceed 250 cases. PMID- 3229546 TI - Malignant transformation in benign cystic teratomas: dermoids of the ovary. AB - Twenty-four cases with a malignant change involving one of the elements of a benign ovarian dermoid cyst are reported. Squamous cell carcinoma was most frequent. Eighteen patients (75%) were over 50 years of age. The prognosis is rather good if the tumor has not extended beyond the capsule, 85% surviving without detectable disease after 4 months to 9 years. The prognosis is very poor if the tumor has extended beyond the capsule, over 80% dying within 2 years. Hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the treatment of choice, certainly in older patients. Additional treatment with cytostatics or radiation seems to have little influence on the prognosis. PMID- 3229548 TI - Massive axillary lymph-node hyperplasia in pregnancy: a case report. AB - We present a case of massive benign axillary lymph-node hyperplasia in pregnancy and the puerperium in the absence of any breast or axillary pathology, posing a difficult management dilemma. PMID- 3229547 TI - Aortic valve replacement in the second trimester of pregnancy: a case report. AB - A 36 year old woman with left heart failure and right-sided hemiparesis due to endocarditis of the aortic valve underwent urgent aortic valve replacement during the 24th week of gestation. High-flow high-pressure normothermic perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass was performed. Peri-operative fetal heart rate and uterine contractions were monitored. Severe fetal heart rate decelerations and loss of variability as well as uterine contractions were observed during surgery. Uterine contractions were treated medically. Pregnancy was carried to term and a healthy baby was delivered vaginally. The effect of the nonpulsating cardiac pump during extracorporeal circulation on the fetus will be discussed. Recommendations for the peri-operative management of the fetal unit are made. PMID- 3229549 TI - Ultrastructural and autoradiographic investigations of cell cultures derived from tendons or ligamentous material from patients with fibromatous disorders. AB - Cell cultures were derived from tendons or ligamentous material from patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), Dupuytren's contracture (DP), tendopathia nodosa (TN) and hallux valgus (HV). The ultrastructure of the operation specimens as well as of the cell monolayers was investigated, using a floating sheet method in order to preserve both cell-to-cell contacts and the orientation of the monolayers. The histologic features of the tissues obtained in the operations were correlated with the ultrastructure of the cells in culture derived from these specimens. In DP, above all in the nodules, an activation of the capillary endothelium in the vicinity of myofibroblasts and mast cells was observed. In CTS the collagen fibrils varied extremely in diameter. In DP and TN biopsies a splicing process of helicoidly arranged fibrils could be seen. A disintegration of elastic fibers in the fibrillar and amorphous components was found in DP nodules, HV and TN tissues. Transitional forms between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were observed not only in DP but also-though in a smaller percentage--in the cultures derived from the other patients. The cells showed organelles for active protein synthesis and transport. Autophagocytosis and the formation of multilamellated bodies took place in TN and HV cultures. In CTS, DP and TN cultures cells were connected via gap junctions. In some cultures, above all in those derived from CTS, monocilia were found. In CTS cultures the formation of intracellular collagen occurred. Growth parameters were rather low in HV cultures. PLmax (maximal pulse labelling index) values were higher in TN cultures than in DP and HV cultures. Plating efficiency (PE) values were higher in cultures derived from cell-rich and capillarized tissues than in biopsies with few cells. PMID- 3229550 TI - Correlation of anionic residue mobility at the filopodial plasma membranes with multilayer formation in transformed 3T3 cells. AB - Simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 (SV40-3T3) cells formed multilayers on a Falcon dish and had numerous filopodial projections, some of which intertwined with those of adjacent cells, in contrast to the few projections of their nontransformed counterparts. When these cells were incubated with polycationic ferritin (0.5 mg/ml), ferritin particles, representative of anionic sites, were spread widely on their surfaces at 4 degrees C, while they formed clusters at 37 degrees C, especially on filopodial surface areas opposing adjacent projections in SV40-3T3 cells. These findings demonstrate an increase in the mobility of molecules with anionic residues on filopodial plasma membranes in SV40-3T3 cells, thus suggesting a role for these projections in the formation of multilayered cell aggregates. PMID- 3229551 TI - Deficiency of a 42-kilodalton protein in tumor-derived fibroblastic cells in neurofibromatosis. AB - Cell proteins obtained from cultured normal appearing skin and neurofibromas of neurofibromatosis patients, and normal skin of normal donors were compared by SDS PAGE and isoelectric focusing analysis. Essentially, identical protein patterns were obtained for the pellet fractions of all the strains. The lysate fraction binding patterns were also similar to each other, but a deficiency of a 42 kilodalton protein with pI 4.3 was observed in the four tumor-derived cell strains examined. These results raise the possibility that tumor-derived fibroblastic cells are of the same cell origin as skin fibroblasts, and that the deficiency of a 42-kilodalton protein could be related to the tumorigenicity in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3229552 TI - Studies on thymocyte subpopulations in guinea pigs. VIII. Characterization of a thymocyte population resistant to the cytotoxic effect of normal rabbit serum. AB - Guinea pig thymocytes were incubated with normal rabbit serum, which resulted in the death of a great majority of the cells. The remaining rabbit serum-resistant cells, representing less than 10% of the thymocytes, contained euchromatic DNA and were of intermediate size and low density. Functional tests indicated that they were enriched in immunologically mature cells, which responded to the mitogenic lectins phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, and were depleted of immature, spontaneously proliferating cells and in cells responding to the thymocyte growth peptide. The described procedure for enrichment of immunologically mature thymus cells in guinea pigs may become useful since glucocorticoid treatment, used in mice for enrichment of mature thymocytes, cannot be used for this purpose in guinea pigs. PMID- 3229553 TI - Inhibition of mammary carcinoma growth by retinoidal benzoic acid derivatives. AB - The growth of many breast carcinoma cell lines is inhibited by vitamin A, and derivatives as well as synthetic retinoids. New retinoidal derivatives have recently been synthesized. These retinoidal benzoic acid derivatives displayed enhanced potency in their ability to reverse hamster tracheal keratinization and inhibit ornithine decarboxylase induction in mouse epidermis. We therefore screened a series of analogues of these compounds for their ability to inhibit human breast carcinoma cell proliferation utilizing three estrogen receptor positive and two estrogen receptor-negative cell lines. The compound (E)-4-2 (5,6,7,8)tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphtalenyl)prop enyl benzoic acid (Ro 1374-10) was approximately 2-3 orders of magnitude more potent than all-trans retinoic acid in inhibiting breast carcinoma cell proliferation while the compound SRI-6409-40, which differs from Ro 1374-10 only by the position of a methyl group, was 50-fold more potent than Ro 1374-10. All of the compounds tested displayed were inactive against the estrogen receptor-negative breast carcinoma lines. PMID- 3229555 TI - An orthopaedist's approach to cerebral palsy. PMID- 3229556 TI - Five-year follow-up study of extremely low-birthweight infants. AB - This study investigated whether extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) babies, who at two years had no major handicaps, were at higher risk for intellectual and socio emotional problems at five years than a control group of children with normal birthweights. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups. The ELBW children were language-delayed, and more active and more intense in their behaviour. There was a tendency for the ELBW children to be lighter and shorter than the controls, but their mean head-circumference was significantly smaller. In general, however, if no serious neurological, neurosensory or cognitive impairment is found among ELBW children at two years, later cognitive and socio-emotional development is likely to be within the normal range. PMID- 3229554 TI - Clinical significance of gene amplification studied in human neuroblastoma xenografts: relationship with tumor growth rate, chemotherapeutic sensitivities and levels of neuron-specific enolase. AB - Tumor doubling time, sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and concentrations of neuron-specific enolase were studied in nine human neuroblastoma xenografts, in which amplifications of N-myc, clones 8 and G21 were known; N-myc was amplified in eight, clone 8 in five and clone G21 in four of these nine xenografts. Tumor doubling time was longest in one xenograft, TNB10, which lacks the amplification of either N-myc or clone 8 or G21, and shortest in TNB1 in which all three DNA sequences are amplified with a DNA rearrangement in clone 8. No correlations were found between genomic amplification of N-myc, clones 8 and G21 and effectiveness of five chemotherapeutic drugs tested, except for cis-platinum. cis-Platinum was found to be effective on all but the one xenograft, TNB10, with the longest tumor doubling time. Concentration of neuron-specific enolase in tumor extract was lowest in TNB1 and correlated with the length of the tumor doubling time. PMID- 3229559 TI - The role of psychological, health-behaviour and medical factors in adolescent headache. AB - Seventy adolescents suffering from recurrent tension and migraine headache were compared with headache-free controls on extensive psychosocial, health-behaviour and medical measures, using the students' own reports, parent and teacher assessments and information obtained from school health-records. Headache sufferers reported significantly more somatic symptoms and psychological distress than controls. Differences between the groups' reported anxiety were validated by similar outcomes from parent and teacher assessments. As expected, recurrent headache suffers were more often absent from school and used the school health service more than controls. Furthermore, the parents of students with headache were more often divorced and those of students with migraine, in particular, suffered more frequently from headache and abdominal pain. Multivariate analyses indicated that six variables could accurately classify 85 per cent of students as headache suffers or controls. PMID- 3229558 TI - Language development of low-birthweight infants at two years. AB - Fifty low-birthweight (LBW) and 18 fullterm normal infants were prospectively evaluated at eight months and two years of age for language development and neurodevelopmental status. The LBW cohort was divided into those who were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (N = 35) and small for gestational age (SGA) (N = 15) to assess the effect of intra-uterine growth retardation on language development within a premature population. LBW SGA infants lagged significantly behind term infants in both receptive and expressive language, but to a lesser degree than LBW AGA infants. Multiple regression analyses of gestational age, Hollingshead socio-economic status score, and eight-month neurological score as independent variables, and the receptive and expressive language scores as dependent variables, indicated that these three predictor variables had a significant cumulative effect on language development. Language was delayed in 28 per cent of the LBW children at two years. PMID- 3229557 TI - Quantification of changes in normal neonatal EEGs with gestation from continuous five-day recordings. AB - To quantify changes in the pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in relation to gestational age, a continuous two-channel record of the EEG with electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration was made for the first five days after birth. 25 healthy babies with gestational ages of 26 to 42 weeks were studied. All were developmentally normal when assessed at 18 months. The EEG was divided into two distinct patterns; trace-alternant activity and continuous activity. The duration of trace-alternant activity and the mean duration of each epoch of trace alternant activity decreased with increasing gestational age. Epochs of continuous activity increased in duration with increasing gestational age. Within epochs of trace-alternant activity the duration of each burst was independent of gestational age, but the mean inter-burst interval and the maximum voltage of slow-wave decreased with increasing gestational age. Analysis of variance showed all changes in relation to gestational age to be significant. PMID- 3229560 TI - Relaxation prophylaxis for childhood migraine: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. AB - A randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate the effectiveness of relaxation training in the treatment of paediatric migraine. Relaxation training was compared with-two control groups (psychological placebo and 'own best efforts') in a total of 99 children and adolescents with frequent migraine. Daily recording of the headaches following treatment, three months after treatment and at the one-year follow-up indicated that all three treatments were equally effective. The importance of the use of adequate control conditions which generate equivalent expectancies in pain treatment research was confirmed. PMID- 3229561 TI - Acuity card testing of patients with cerebral visual impairment. AB - Acuity card tests of 11 patients with cerebral visual impairment, unexplained by clinical and electrophysiological ophthalmic examinations, confirmed the suspicion of severe visual impairment in all but one patient, but resulted in acuity estimates higher than previous evaluations for all nine of the patients for whom an estimate could be made. Relatively good inter-test agreement supports the use of acuity cards for the quantitative evaluation of the vision of these patients. PMID- 3229562 TI - Visual evoked potentials of mildly mentally retarded and control children. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded from 25 10- to 13-year-old mildly mentally retarded children and compared with those from 31 control children of the same age-range. Correlations of VEPs with age were weak, but a relationship between VEPs and IQ was demonstrated for the control group. The retarded group had significantly longer latencies and higher amplitude peaks than the control group, with the differences occurring primarily over non-specific cortex and for secondary components. Analysis also showed that the retarded group were neurophysiologically heterogeneous. Since the same children had been analyzed earlier by quantitative EEG methods, comparisons are made with respect to these two methods of investigating brain function. PMID- 3229563 TI - Cognitive processing of children with Williams syndrome. AB - The Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities was administered to 22 children with Williams syndrome and to 22 children with non-specific development disabilities, matched for age, sex and global intelligence. Visual processing abilities significantly differentiated the two groups. The children with Williams syndrome had substantially more problems with visual reception, visual closure and visual memory tasks. They appeared to adhere more rigidly than controls to a global deployment of visual attention. Their visual processing difficulties were not related to the level of mental ability. Visual reception, closure and memory scores correctly classified 82 per cent of the children with Williams syndrome and 68 per cent of the controls. Instructional and remedial programs are needed for these children. PMID- 3229564 TI - Reliability of goniometric measurements of children with cerebral palsy. AB - The reliability of five lower-extremity goniometric measurements of 20 patients with moderate to severe hypertonicity was assessed by three pediatric physical therapists. The measurements were repeated on five of the children within one week. Intra-rater variation was less than inter-rater variation for all measurements, but variations of 10 to 15 degrees were found in inter-rater measurements. Intra-rater reliability was acceptable for measurements of hip extension, hip abduction and knee extension, but not for straight-leg raising or dorsiflexion. PMID- 3229566 TI - Screening or examining? PMID- 3229565 TI - Lipid storage myopathy due to glutaric aciduria type II: treatment of a potentially fatal myopathy. AB - Several patients with lipid storage myopathies have been described, although in most cases the biochemical defect is unclear. A child is reported who presented with severe muscle weakness at age six months. She had lipid storage myopathy due to glutaric aciduria type II. It is probable that her brother died from the same disorder at the age of three months. She has responded well to treatment with a low-fat diet, riboflavin, carnitine and glycine. PMID- 3229567 TI - Low birthweight, IQ and school performance. PMID- 3229568 TI - Verbal auditory agnosia in children. PMID- 3229569 TI - Month of birth of non-speaking children. PMID- 3229570 TI - Kinaesthetic sensitivity of normal and clumsy children: a reply to Lord and Hulme. PMID- 3229571 TI - Universal precautions: a Health and Welfare Canada perspective. PMID- 3229572 TI - Youth, alcohol and drugs: truth and sober consequences. PMID- 3229573 TI - Preparing presentations: how to make yours a hit (Part 2). PMID- 3229574 TI - Facing the AIDS reality. PMID- 3229575 TI - Privatization: will we gain from it? PMID- 3229576 TI - Contract management: a Manitoba experiment. PMID- 3229577 TI - Hospital capital funding in Canada. PMID- 3229578 TI - Organizing by functional areas--the time has come. PMID- 3229580 TI - From medical to health care. PMID- 3229579 TI - Stockless inventory: state-of-the-art materials management. PMID- 3229581 TI - Summary of symposium on acute radiation-induced injury. PMID- 3229582 TI - Use of glucan and other immunopharmacological agents in the prevention and treatment of acute radiation injuries. PMID- 3229583 TI - Postradiation cardiovascular dysfunction. PMID- 3229584 TI - Radiation-induced impairment of neuronal excitability. PMID- 3229586 TI - 1,1,1-trichloroethane formulation: a chronic inhalation toxicity and oncogenicity study in Fischer 344 rats and B6c3F1 mice. AB - Groups of male and female Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (80/sex/group) were exposed to vapor concentrations of 0, 150, 500, or 1500 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane formulation 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 2 years. Ten rats and mice/sex from each group were predesignated for interim sacrifices after 6, 12, and 18 months of exposure. Fifty rats and mice/sex/group were assigned to the study to be terminated after 24 months. Parameters measured during the study included mortality, in-life clinical signs of toxicity, hematology, urinalysis (rats only), clinical chemistry, body weight, organ weights (liver, kidneys, brain, heart, testes), gross pathology, and histopathology. Inhalation exposure of male and female Fischer 344 rats to 1500 ppm vapor of the 1,1,1-trichloroethane formulation for 2 years resulted in a significant decrease in body weights of females. In addition, very slight microscopic hepatic effects were seen in the liver of 1500 ppm-exposed male and female rats necropsied at 6, 12, and 18 months. The hepatic effects could not be discerned at 24 months due to confounding geriatric changes. In the rats exposed to 150 and 500 ppm there were no changes that were considered due to exposure to the 1,1,1-trichloroethane formulation. There were no toxic effects noted in male or female mice at any exposure concentration tested. There were no indications of an oncogenic effect in rats or mice following 2 years of exposure to this 1,1,1-trichloroethane formulation. PMID- 3229585 TI - Toxicology and pathology of methyl bromide in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice following repeated inhalation exposure. AB - The toxicity of methyl bromide was studied in male and female F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice exposed by inhalation to 160 ppm methyl bromide or air 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for up to 6 weeks. The animals were killed after 3, 10, or 30 exposure days, or when 50% mortality was observed in any group. Only female rats survived the entire 30 exposure days at 160 ppm methyl bromide with less than 50% mortality. There were clear species- and sex-related differences in susceptibility of specific organs to methyl bromide. Primary target organs were the brain, kidney, nasal cavity, heart, adrenal gland, liver, and testis. In rats, neuronal necrosis occurred in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus of the brain whereas in mice neuronal necrosis occurred primarily in the internal granular layer of the cerebellum. Nephrosis occurred in all exposed mice, but not rats, and was likely a major cause of moribundity and death. Necrosis of the olfactory epithelium was more severe and extensive in rats than mice. Myocardial degeneration occurred in male and female rats and to a lesser degree in male mice. There was atrophy of the inner zone of the adrenal cortex in female mice and cytoplasmic vacuolation of the adrenal cortex in rats. Testicular degeneration occurred in rats and mice. The target organ specificity of methyl bromide is similar to that of methyl chloride, suggesting that the two monohalomethanes may have a common mechanism of action. PMID- 3229587 TI - In vivo carcinogenesis assay of L-alpha-acetylmethadol.HCl in rodents. AB - With increasing clinical use of L-alpha-acetylmethadol.HCl (LAAM), findings of a carcinogenic bioassay could be useful in risk assessment. Initial studies provided a sex-related oral LD50 in B6C3F1 mice, 126 mg/kg for males and 71 mg/kg for females, and changes after treatment with mean doses of 8, 18, and 33 mg/kg for 90 days which included hyperactivity and unchanged growth rate, food intake, and morphology. Twenty-four-month oral doses were 7.6 and 30.1 mg/kg for mice, 3.1 and 9.7 mg/kg for male rats, and 5.7 and 16.6 mg/kg for female rats. LAAM was lethal in high-dose male mice (40% survival) whereas survival rates of 74-78% were similar in other treated and control groups. An 80-90% survival rate was seen for rats. Deaths related to aging and concomitant morphologic changes occurred randomly in all groups. The causes of LAAM-induced deaths were not established. Central nervous system stimulation and fighting were more common to male rodents. A dose-related inhibition of growth was also common but food intake was stimulated in male mice and both sexes of rats. An increase in liver neoplastic nodules was dose related and drug related in rats. Some nonneoplastic lesions may have been drug related. Terminal plasma LAAM and metabolite levels were generally dose related. PMID- 3229589 TI - Exact statistical tests for any carcinogenic effect in animal bioassays. AB - Standard statistical treatment of data from carcinogenicity bioassays generally involves separate analyses of data from many tumor responses in each sex in two species. There are two serious difficulties with this approach: the excessive probability of one or more false positive findings due to the large number of individual tests applied and the lack of mutual support among the separate tests (e.g., results that are close to significant from several organs should be allowed to reinforce each other, but such mutual support does not formally occur in statistical tests currently employed). In this paper we propose a class of tests that deals with both of these difficulties. The test statistics proposed are functions of p values from multiple conventional tests. The significance levels are computed by a Monte Carlo randomization procedure that treats individual animals (rather than tumor-specific response scores) as units of variation, so that the assumption of independence of tumors at different sites is not required. A single overall test statistic is derived from results from all individual tumor sites; thus there is proper control for the false positive rate. Mutual support from results from different tumor sites can be obtained by using a test statistic such as the product of the K smallest p values from conventional tests. Suggestions are made regarding specific tests that could be applied routinely to carcinogenesis bioassay data. The usefulness of the proposed tests is demonstrated by applying them to data from a National Toxicology Program bioassay of decabromodiphenyl oxide. PMID- 3229588 TI - In vivo carcinogenesis assay of DL-methadone.HCl in rodents. AB - The extensive clinical use of methadone encouraged the performance of a carcinogenesis bioassay to support risk assessment in man. An oral LD50 of 178 mg/kg was obtained in B6C3F1 mice. Physiologic changes induced by mean oral doses of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg for 90 days included dose-related central nervous system (CNS) stimulation, fighting, tolerance development, sex-related alteration of food consumption, and no drug-related pathology. In the chronic study dosages were 15 and 60 mg/kg for mice, 16 and 28 mg/kg for male rats, and 46 and 88 mg/kg for female rats. Survival incidences for treated and control rodents were 72-86% for mice and 80-90% for rats. Deaths related to morphologic changes of aging occurred in all groups. CNS stimulation and fighting were more common to male rodents. Growth rates were unchanged for mice but a dose-related inhibition occurred for rats. Higher doses stimulated food intake in both species. Neither the type nor incidence of neoplasia was drug related but a few nonneoplastic lesions may have been. Preliminary plasma methadone levels at necropsy were dose related in the rat. PMID- 3229591 TI - Evaluation of two in vitro assays to screen for potential developmental toxicants. AB - To evaluate two in vitro assays for their ability to detect known developmental toxicants and nontoxicants, a series of 44 coded compounds were assayed by two independent laboratories using standardized protocols. The two test systems were (1) the human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cell growth inhibition assay and (2) the mouse ovarian tumor cell attachment inhibition assay. After all compounds were tested, they were decoded and ranked according to the minimum IC50 value (the millimolar concentration of compound which inhibits growth or attachment by 50% compared to the solvent control) from either test. The in vitro test result concordance with established in vivo animal and human test results was examined over a wide range of concentration levels (above which the in vitro results were called positive and below which they were considered negative). A positive response from either test was defined as a positive in vitro response. Concordance was defined as the number of correct responses divided by the number of chemicals tested. At the 1 mM level, the concordance of data from the combined in vitro assays with the in vivo data was 66% in one laboratory and 58% in the other. The maximum agreement between the combined in vitro and in vivo data was reached at the 20 mM level, where there was a 73 and 74% concordance of results in the two laboratories. At that level there was a 16 and 10% incidence of false negative results, and a 54 and 77% incidence of false positive results. A portion of these false negative compounds may require metabolic activation. The use of either assay alone was not as accurate as using a positive result from either test. Agreement of the in vitro data at the 10 mM level with available human data was 71 and 75% for each laboratory. The data indicate that the two assays are complimentary and as such the combination of these assays could be useful as a preliminary screen to establish priorities for in vivo developmental toxicity testing. PMID- 3229590 TI - The toxicity and mechanism of action of bromethalin: a new single-feeding rodenticide. AB - Bromethalin is a new rodenticide for the control of commensal rodents. Doses in excess of the LD50 (2 mg/kg in rats) will cause death within 8-12 hr and it is preceded by one to three episodes of clonic convulsions with death usually due to respiratory arrest. Multiple low doses or sublethal intoxication yields hind leg weakness and loss of tactile sensation in rodents. Histopathology of the brain and spinal cord of these animals revealed a spongy degeneration of the white matter which was shown upon ultramicroscopic examination to be intramyelenic edema. No inflammation or cellular destruction of neuronal tissue was noted. LD50 values ranged from 1.8 mg/kg in the cat to approximately 13 mg/kg in rabbits. The only apparent nonsusceptible species was the guinea pig which could tolerate doses in excess of 1000 mg/kg without effect. Identification of the desmethyl metabolite was demonstrated in the blood and liver of treated animals by comparison of chromatographic retention times to that of a reference standard, but direct mass spectral identification was unsuccessful in part due to the low dose which could be administered. Therefore, the metabolism of bromethalin was studied by indirect means. Animals were pretreated with three inducers of microsomal drug metabolism: phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), and Aroclor 1254 (Aroclor) and one inhibitor, SKF-525A. Pretreated mice or rats were given an LD50 dose of bromethalin or the desmethyl analog and the percentage of surviving animals was determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229592 TI - Inhibition of some spontaneous tumors by 4-hexylresorcinol in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. AB - 4-Hexylresorcinol (4-HR) is used as an anthelmintic and antiseptic in human and veterinary medicine. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies were conducted by administering 4-HR in corn oil by gavage at 0, 62.5, or 125 mg/kg to F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex for 2 years. The nonneoplastic lesions associated with 4-HR exposure were nephropathy and osteosclerosis in dosed male and female mice. The only evidence of neoplasia associated with 4-HR was marginally increased incidences of adrenal gland pheochromocytomas and harderian gland tumors in male mice. Decreases were observed in the incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia in dosed male and female rats, hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas in dosed male mice, and circulatory system tumors in high-dose male and female mice. These negative tumor trends in rats and mice, along with an indication of reduced overall incidences of benign and malignant tumors in treated groups compared to controls, suggest that 4-HR may deserve further study as a possible antineoplastic agent. PMID- 3229593 TI - Developmental toxicology investigation of tellurium. AB - The developmental toxicity of tellurium was evaluated in Crl Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits by means of standard segment II-type studies. Groups of pregnant rats were fed a diet containing 0, 30, 300, 3000, or 15,000 ppm of tellurium on Days 6 through 15 of gestation (microscopic detection of sperm in a smear of vaginal contents considered as Day 0), and artificially inseminated rabbits were fed a diet containing 0, 17.5, 175, 1750, and 5250 ppm of tellurium during Days 6 through 18 of gestation (day of insemination considered as Day 0). Signs of maternal toxicity were observed during the treatment period in a statistically significant and dose-related manner at dietary concentrations of 300 ppm and greater in rats and 1750 ppm and greater in rabbits. Exposure of these pregnant rats and rabbits to tellurium had no effect upon reproduction as measured by pregnancy rate, litter size, dead or resorbed implantations, or fetal sex ratio. Both skeletal (primarily skeletal maturational delays) and soft tissue malformations (primarily hydrocephalus) were noted in the offspring of pregnant rats exposed to the highest levels (3000 and 15,000 ppm) of tellurium. Rabbit fetuses of the highest dosage group (5250 ppm) had a slightly elevated evidence of skeletal delays and nonspecific abnormalities. Since maternal toxicity was observed at dosages that did not affect the developing conceptus, there were no indications of unique developmental susceptibility upon exposure of pregnant rats or rabbits to tellurium. PMID- 3229595 TI - Development of a testing battery to assess chemical-induced immunotoxicity. PMID- 3229594 TI - DNA methylation in rat liver by daminozide, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, and dimethylnitrosamine. AB - [methyl-14C]Daminozide (succinic acid 2',2'-dimethylhydrazide; 37 mg/kg), 1,1 [14C]dimethylhydrazine (UDMH; 19 mg/kg), and [14C]dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA; 0.1 mg/kg) were administered by oral gavage to male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 24 hr, the animals were killed and DNA was purified from the livers to constant specific radioactivity. After enzymatic degradation of the DNA to the 3'-deoxynucleotides the level of DNA methylation was determined by HPLC analysis. Radiolabeled 7 methylguanine (7mG) was identified by cochromatography with unlabeled 7mG added as standard after acidic depurination of DNA and HPLC analysis of purines and apurinic acid. All three compounds were found to methylate DNA. The relative potencies were 1:47:4900 for daminozide:UDMH:DMNA. With [methyl-3H]UDMH, the formation of 7mG was investigated as a function of dose administered, at 20, 2, and 0.2 mg/kg. The methylation of DNA was strictly proportional to the dose. The data were used to compare the level of DNA alkylation derived from residues of daminozide and UDMH in treated apple with the genotoxicity of the intake of N nitroso compounds in Germany and Japan. It is estimated that these residues could lead to a DNA methylation in the liver of about 6% of an average exposure to DMNA. PMID- 3229596 TI - Public policy and primary medical care in the UK: an economic perspective on Promoting Better Health. PMID- 3229597 TI - A group-based training programme for general practitioners: a Norwegian experience. AB - There are approximately 3000 general practitioners in Norway, serving a population of slightly above four million people. A three year postgraduate education scheme for general practitioners has been in effect since 1973, to be replaced by a five year vocational training programme from January 1985, making general practice a fully recognized specialty from that date. The educational requirements consist of one year of hospital training, four years of training in general practice, and a total of 400 hours of course education, mainly in clinical subjects. The core element of the training is attendance at a group based structured educational programme of two years' duration. This article describes the concepts and content of this decentralized group-based education, as well as some of the conflicting considerations which eventually led to this new Norwegian model of general practice training. The first evaluation studies indicate that the educational programme has met a long standing need among general practitioners. PMID- 3229598 TI - The King Faisal University fellowship training programme in family and community medicine. AB - A four year graduate programme for future primary care physicians is described. The programme is particularly oriented towards those who are likely to become leaders and teachers in the discipline but it is believed that the principles involved should be generally applicable in education for primary care practice. Arguments are advanced in favour of the strong basic science core which has been included in the programme, especially in the traditionally community oriented subjects of biostatistics, epidemiology and research methodology. Considerable emphasis is also given to a dissertation. Areas of required knowledge and experience are documented in the curriculum as 24 courses, each the subject of continuing assessment and end of course examination. There are also two comprehensive examinations, one just after the mid point of the programme and the other at the end. This combination of multiple course assessments and two comprehensive examinations is regarded as a means of maintaining high standards while, at the same time, ensuring that candidates with real potential are not lost to the discipline. PMID- 3229599 TI - Introductory course in medical English and primary care for overseas doctors. AB - This paper reports on a unique collaboration between two departments in the University of Edinburgh to develop and assess the value of a combined course in medical English and primary care, appropriate for young doctors from overseas who have a career intention in primary care. PMID- 3229600 TI - Item of service remuneration in general practice in the UK: what can we learn from dentists? AB - In response to the UK Government's proposal to increase the proportion of general practitioner income accruing from capitation payments the General Medical Services Committee of the British Medical Association has called for an extension of fee for item of service provision in general practice. In this paper the allocation of resources in primary care dentistry, where fee for service provision is currently used, is analysed in order to shed light on the debate. Since dentists' fees are set in accordance with average dentist time inputs, differences in cost per treatment course reflect differences in course content. Multiple regression techniques are used to estimate a cost per treatment course function. Using cross-sectional data for family practitioner committees in England and Wales for 1982 a significant negative correlation is found between cost per course and population per dentist after allowing for patient demand and need characteristics. A 10% decrease in population per dentist is associated with a 2.5% increase in cost per course. The observation cannot be explained by dentists rationing treatment in the presence of excess demand owning to the nature of the dentist contract. These results imply that in areas of greater supplies of dentists additional course content is being induced by dentists in order to maintain workloads. Hence although fee for service provision offers a financial incentive to increase service provision it offers no incentive to allocate services efficiently, that is in accordance with greatest need. The extension of fee for service provision in general medical practice would appear to be inconsistent with an objective of allocating scarce primary care resources in accordance with patient need. PMID- 3229601 TI - Consumption of care among problem drinkers in a small industrial town in Sweden. AB - A study of visits to general practitioners, district nurses, occupational health doctors, social services and inpatient care during one year was conducted for all 282 male and 30 female problem drinkers identified from various registers in a Swedish industrial town. The 4.5% male problem drinkers aged 20 to 79 years accounted for 13.8% of visits to general practitioners, 15.3% of stays in somatic departments, 74.1% of stays in psychiatric care, and over 50% of visits to the social services by males in those ages. Care consumption by the problem drinkers was for both sexes highest among young people. Data about alcohol problems at any time could be found in 42% of the records for male problem drinkers, while 21% were given a diagnosis of alcoholism by their general practitioner. The problem drinkers were given a great variety of diagnoses. The results emphasize that all patients should be asked about alcohol habits and that education and programmes for prevention and treatment should be organized by primary care together with other relevant parties. PMID- 3229602 TI - Effect of bereavement on the health of the remaining family members. AB - This investigation focuses on the effect of the death of a family member on the number and type of diagnosed illnesses of the remaining members. The data on mortality and morbidity were obtained from a continuous morbidity register. A total of 225 cases of death were selected, involving 313 family members. A control group of 4909 people who had not been confronted with a death of a family member were selected. A comparison of morbidity rates for the two groups showed that morbidity rates, both for minor and serious illnesses, were affected by the death of a family member. Increases in minor illnesses occurred more often when people had been confronted with death after a chronic illness; increases in serious illnesses were mainly found among people confronted with sudden death. Surprisingly, people with nervous disorders in their medical history showed fewer diagnoses for minor illnesses after a sudden death of a family member. An explanation may be found in the basic principles of family medicine. PMID- 3229603 TI - Risk factors in the use of benzodiazepines. AB - A case-control study was carried out on 107 benzodiazepine users and 214 controls not treated with anxiolytic-hypnotic agents, chosen randomly and matched two to one for each case by age, sex and family doctor. The users presented a higher degree of psychic disorder than the controls, with depression, interpersonal sensitivity, and the total number of symptoms being the elements distinguishing the two groups. We have found two factors that put the population at large at risk for using benzodiazepines; the family doctor's diagnosis of a mental disorder in the clinical history and the daily use of drugs other than benzodiazepines explained the risk independently. The presence of chronic disorders, especially cardiological and musculoskeletal disorders, also showed a significant risk, but were only explained by their close association with one of the first two factors. It is postulated that general practitioners, who are the principal prescribers of drugs, are causing over-medication in the population. PMID- 3229604 TI - Audit of process and outcome in a mini-clinic for children with asthma. AB - A mini-clinic for the management of children with asthma was started in a general practice, and 31 children aged between five and 14 years were invited to attend. Thirty-one age and sex matched asthmatics were recruited for comparison from a neighbouring practice. There was evidence of only slight improvement in outcome among the children attending the mini-clinic, although they required considerably more respiratory consultations than the children in the comparison practice. These observations, and the methodology, are discussed. PMID- 3229605 TI - Assessment of a screening method for heart disease. AB - This study examined the effects of a cardiovascular screening programme on a group of 79 patients in an Edinburgh general practice. Serum cholesterol levels were measured two to four months after the original screening interview and risk scores recalculated to see if the collection of data was reliable; a control group was used. Patient attitudes to this screening were assessed by questionnaire and the repeatability of the risk score calculation investigated. The programme was popular with patients and was successful in changing their reported behaviour. However, it may have been counter-productive in some patients by sanctioning personal habits detrimental to health. This effect was particularly marked in patients at lower risk levels who it is shown may have raised serum cholesterol levels. It is suggested that the risk score calculation could be improved, in particular by improving the accuracy of the serum cholesterol measurement. It is concluded that more research is needed into the behavioural aspects of cardiovascular screening. PMID- 3229606 TI - [Role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastric lymphomas: remarks on a case]. PMID- 3229608 TI - [New regulations for graduate studies in medicine are being applied (new Table XVIIIa). Findings in internal medicine and medical specialties]. PMID- 3229607 TI - [Churg-Strauss syndrome with ureteral involvement. Description of a case]. PMID- 3229609 TI - [ Urinary sedimentation in the diagnosis of renal diseases]. PMID- 3229610 TI - [Hemorheology and microcirculation]. PMID- 3229611 TI - [Importance of therapeutic endoscopy of the bile ducts]. PMID- 3229612 TI - [Clinical case. Adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid and gonadal hypofunction]. PMID- 3229613 TI - [Time from the viewpoint of Cantor's and post-Cantorian set theory--a contribution to the founding of chronobiology]. AB - There is given a survey of the evolution of the idea of time in the mankind's thinking from the beginning down to the term's application in sciences and in the philosophy. As one can point out from some languages, living as well as extincted ones, the words for time are derived etymologically from several roots or stems, respectively, which mostly represent different meanings. But by increasing abstraction in all civilized languages, the process of stripping the different words of their concrete accompaniments led up to a narrow of the diverse meanings which converged towards the common understanding of time in modern sciences. Nevertheless time is no unequivocal term as one can show by linguistic and mathematical analysis. Especially by means of the theory of differential equations and the set theory, the chimerical nature of time is demonstrable, so that time is only an abstraction of abstractions. PMID- 3229614 TI - Hypertrophy, androgens, and tendon karyometry: functional and experimental investigations. AB - The aim of the present experimental study is to investigate the functional behaviour of cell nuclei in tendon tissue. For this purpose semithin sections of tendons excised from mice subjected to treadmill exercise are analysed quantitatively to establish the number of cell nuclei of tendinoblasts. The number of nuclei per volume unit of tendon tissue, nuclear size, and the behaviour of these parameters in relation to tendon calibre are determined functionally. Particular attention is given to the question--interesting both from the clinical point of view and with regard to sportsmedicine--whether the use of a synthetic androgen has any harmful effect on tendon tissue: According to the findings of the present study, a dramatic decrease in nuclear density is likely to be of pathogenetic relevance to the occurrence of collagen dysplasia. PMID- 3229615 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at 11th meeting of anatomists of the Alpine region. Munich, West Germany, 12-14 May 1988]. PMID- 3229616 TI - [The auditory evoked potentials of the brain stem in the guinea pig]. AB - The examination of the standard waves' amplitude and latency of the brain stem auditory evoked response (BAEP) was performed in 20 guinea pigs (males and females, weighing 250 to 300 g). According with the relative loudness of stimuli (90, 70, 50, 30, 10 dB SPL), the latency of BAEP waves was larger (t1 = 0.2 msec), but the conductance time between P1 to P5 was constant (3.1 to 3.6 msec). The highest wave of BAEP was P2 with an amplitude: 90 dB SPL, U = 6.5 +/- 1.2 microV; 70 dB SPL, U = 4.3 +/- 1.0 microV; 50 dB SPL, U = 3.5 +/- 0.6 microV; 30 dB SPL, U = 2.0 +/- 0.4 microV. PMID- 3229617 TI - Fine structure and quantitative study in the otic ganglia of the rat. AB - Observations were concentrated on the ultrastructure of perikarya and satellite cells of the otic ganglion of the adult rat. Characteristics of both cell types were morphologically analysed as well as their relationship. Quantitative data concerning the volumetric density were calculated for the following elements of the ganglion: glial cells together (28.5%), unmyelinated fibres (13.4%), myelinated fibres (2.7%), connective tissue (13.6%). This electron microscopic study is a sequence of our previous light microscopic study which determined neuronal densities (COSTA, MANDARIM-DE-LACERDA and BAUER, in press). PMID- 3229618 TI - A doubled flexor carpi radialis muscle. AB - A doubled flexor carpi radialis muscle was observed in the right forearm of an embalmed adult male cadaver. The extra muscle took origin from intermuscular septa and inserted on the 3rd metacarpal. It shared the nerve supply and the synovial sheath of the regular muscle. The pertinent anatomical literature is reviewed. PMID- 3229619 TI - Comparative electrophysiological response of young and old rat myocardium to pharmacological agents. AB - 1. Age-related changes in electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of rat ventricular cells have been investigated. 2. As compared to adults, transmembrane action potential (TAP) of aged rat myocardium exhibits a prolonged phase of repolarization. 3. For both young and aged groups tetrodotoxin reduces TAP duration. 4. Nifedipine and isoproterenol induce more pronounced modifications of the TAP in aged subjects. 5. Amiloride and tetraethylammonium ions prolong, for both groups, phase 2 of repolarization. This effect is more marked in the aged group. 6. Our results suggest that the prolonged TAP in aged myocardium could result from an age-related increase in calcium current. PMID- 3229620 TI - Effect of oxodipine and nifedipine on guinea-pig ileum. AB - 1. The effects of oxodipine, a new dihydropyridine, were studied and compared with those of nifedipine in guinea-pig ileum. 2. Oxodipine and nifedipine, 10(-8) 10(-7) M, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the contractile responses induced by single pulse stimulation, acetylcholine and histamine. 3. From these experiments it is concluded that oxodipine like nifedipine produced a similar and potent inhibitory effect of the contractile responses induced in guinea-pig ileum. PMID- 3229621 TI - Effects of alpha, beta-methylene ATP on electrical responses produced by ATP and nerve stimulation in smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig mesenteric artery. AB - 1. In smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig mesenteric artery, alpha, beta methylene ATP(mATP) depolarized the membrane and decreased the membrane resistance. 2. Desensitization with mATP inhibited the excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.) and ATP-induced depolarization, while desensitization with ATP inhibited the e.j.p. but not the mATP-induced depolarization. 3. After desensitization with mATP, the response to mATP recovered rapidly in comparison with the e.j.p. and the ATP-induced depolarization. 4. The results suggest that mATP inhibits the ATP-induced depolarization by acting sites other than the ATP receptor. PMID- 3229622 TI - Physical exercise affects cholinesterases and organophosphate response. AB - 1. Cholinesterase activities in blood and tissues of control and exercising rats with and without organophosphate (OP) exposure were studied. 2. Physical exercise increased total cholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in rats without OP exposure in blood and diaphragm. In brain physical exercise had no effect on acetylcholinesterase activity. 3. Physical exercise diminished cholinesterase inhibition in blood and tissues after OP exposure. PMID- 3229623 TI - The catecholamine content of the perinatal rat adrenal gland. AB - 1. High performance liquid chromatography combined with electro-chemical detection (HPLC/ECD) has been used to measure the noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine content of individual adrenal glands from adult rats and from rats aged between day 16 of gestation and day 12 after birth. 2. At all ages studied, the dopamine content of the rat adrenal was significantly lower than the noradrenaline or adrenaline content. 3. Noradrenaline was detected at day 16 of gestation (7.58 ng/gland) and there was a 26 fold increase in the noradrenaline content of the rat adrenal by day 10 after birth (201.67 +/- 51.01 ng/gland). 4. Adrenaline was also detected at day 16 of gestation (2.19 ng/gland) and there was a 700 fold increase in adrenaline content of the rat adrenal by day 10 after birth (1408.62 +/- 473.00 ng/gland). 5. The adrenaline: noradrenaline ratio exceeded one by day 18 of gestation (1.60:1) and had increased to (3.05:1) at birth. 6. This ratio at day 10 after birth (7.43:1) was significantly greater than the ratio at or before birth, and also in the adult (4.20:1). PMID- 3229624 TI - Anaphylactic contraction of guinea pig smooth muscle passively sensitized with chicken antiserum. AB - 1. Actively sensitized guinea pig intestine responds, typically, with a large contraction to the first application of antigen (Ag). This is followed by a spontaneous relaxation of the tissue, while still in the presence of the Ag and a rapid desensitization, i.e. further exposures to Ag fail to evoke new contractions. 2. In contrast when the guinea pig was passively immunized with chicken antiserum, the first dose of Ag produced a sustained contraction. The second and third doses elicited contractions of comparable magnitude and no desensitization occurred. 3. In addition, consecutive Schultz-Dale reactions of guinea pig intestine or uterus from animals passively sensitized with chicken antiserum showed a consistent potentiation. They reached a maximal amplitude when the tissue was exposed to the Ag 6-7 times. Such a potentiation is abolished by storing the preparations up to 48 hr at 4 degrees C. 4. The tissues from chickens passively immunized with homologous antisera showed the same behaviour as those taken from actively sensitized chicken, i.e. no desensitization was observed. 5. These results agree with those previously observed in our laboratory suggesting the existence of a special property of the chicken antibodies (Ab). Indeed, the characteristic features of the anaphylactic reaction in actively sensitized chickens were transmitted to both chickens and guinea pigs passively sensitized with chicken Ab's. PMID- 3229625 TI - Ultrastructural alterations in caudate nucleus, cerebral cortex and hippocampus produced by morphine. AB - 1. Chronic morphine administration to rats produced diverse ultrastructural alterations in nerve cells and neuropile of caudate nucleus, cerebral cortex and hippocampus through a short term abstinence period. 2. All areas studied showed increasing damage related to time elapsed between the last morphine injection and animal sacrifice. 3. Intracytoplasmic neuronal membranous organelles mainly suffered severe swelling, membrane disarrangement and eventually cell disruption in all areas studied. 4. Hippocampus was the most affected area throughout the study, followed by caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex, where focal damage was seen. 5. Susceptibility to morphine cytotoxic effect in the three areas studied appears to be unrelated to their opiate receptor density. 6. Mitochondrial alterations produced by morphine could be related to interference of the intracellular energy production system and consequent unrestricted cell membrane permeability to water and solutes. PMID- 3229626 TI - Cholinesterases in rabbit serum. AB - 1. Rabbit serum was shown to contain two cholinesterases which hydrolysed acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine and one cholinesterase which hydrolysed only butyrylthiocholine. 2. The three enzymes were identified by the kinetics of heat inactivation and kinetics of phosphorylation by the organophosphate VX. 3. Using selective inhibitors (iso-OMPA, eserine, BNPP and BW-284C51) it was shown that the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine in untreated native serum had properties of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) and also some properties of carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1). 4. Separation of proteins (on PAA-gels) in untreated native serum gave four bands with acetylthiocholine and three with butyrylthiocholine. 5. The two cholinesterases hydrolysing both substrates corresponded to the slow moving bands on the gel. 6. The fastest moving band hydrolysing only butyrylthiocholine could be attributed to the cholinesterase least sensitive to VX. PMID- 3229627 TI - Team spirit. PMID- 3229628 TI - Kill or cure? PMID- 3229629 TI - The image makers. PMID- 3229630 TI - Dealing with diabetes. PMID- 3229631 TI - Remembrance day. PMID- 3229632 TI - Community care--the price of liberty. PMID- 3229633 TI - Alzheimer's disease: a savage master. PMID- 3229634 TI - Communication: is there anybody there? PMID- 3229635 TI - Cytological studies of certain desert mammals of Saudi Arabia. 6. First report on chromosome number and karyotype of Acomys dimidiatus. AB - The diploid chromosome number is 2n = 38. The fundamental number is 70. The autosomes consist of 11 pairs of metacentric, 5 pairs of submetacentric and 2 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are both acrocentric, the X chromosome is the largest. PMID- 3229636 TI - Inheritance of colour and coat in the Belgian Shepherd dog. AB - The several colours and coats of the Belgian Shepherd dog are shown to be due primary to combinations of the following genes: dominant black (As), dominant yellow (Ay), chinchilla (ch), long hair (l) and wire hair (Wh). The gene for black and tan (at) is or has been present in the breed. All of the dominant yellow dogs exhibit a black facial mask and extensive suffusion of black guard hairs on the body. PMID- 3229637 TI - Aging in tomorrow's world. PMID- 3229639 TI - New thoughts on old families. PMID- 3229638 TI - Research and care: essential partners in aging. PMID- 3229640 TI - LEAR'S magazine "for the woman who wasn't born yesterday": a critical review. PMID- 3229642 TI - A Wanderer's Lounge Program for nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3229641 TI - Telephone networks connect caregiving families of Alzheimer's victims. PMID- 3229643 TI - Gate-keeping: residential managers and elderly tenants. PMID- 3229644 TI - The effects of a resident self-help model on control, social involvement and self esteem among the elderly. PMID- 3229645 TI - Assisting the frail elderly living in subsidized housing for the independent elderly: a profile of the management and its support priorities. PMID- 3229647 TI - Attitudes toward joining continuing care retirement communities. PMID- 3229646 TI - Social interaction and alcohol use in retirement communities. PMID- 3229648 TI - Suburbanization and public services for the aging. PMID- 3229649 TI - Deinstitutionalization of the elderly mentally ill: factors affecting discharge to alternative living arrangements. PMID- 3229651 TI - Physicians' views of retirement migrants' impact on rural medical practice. PMID- 3229650 TI - The delivery of health services to demented patients at a university hospital: a pilot study. PMID- 3229652 TI - Attitudes and knowledge of gerontological nurses toward psychotropic drugs. PMID- 3229653 TI - Validation of two methods of data collection of self-reported medicine use among the elderly. PMID- 3229654 TI - Problems and coping strategies of elderly spouse caregivers. PMID- 3229655 TI - Meaning in family caregiving: perspectives on caregiver/professional relationships. PMID- 3229656 TI - Audience responses to appearance codes: old-age imagery in the media. PMID- 3229657 TI - Prime-time television portrayals of older adults in the context of family life. PMID- 3229658 TI - On the Ruchlin article. PMID- 3229659 TI - On the Covey article. PMID- 3229660 TI - Treatment of brain trauma with liposomal superoxide dismutase. AB - Brain trauma was induced in rats by impact of a steel bar on the head with a force such that damage (as measured by neurological scoring) was reversible in fourteen days. Systemic treatment (intraperitoneal injections) with free bovine copper superoxide dismutase or a liposomal form of the enzyme considerably shortened recovery time to less than half. Tests included cranial nerves--cornean and aural reflexes, and sensorial motricity functions--gripping reflexes, displacement reactions, recovery and flexion reflexes, equilibrium tests and spontaneous mobility. Normalisation of EEG recordings was also greatly accelerated in the case of treated animals. No changes of brain glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase or Mn superoxide dismutase in traumatized animals were observed. However a slight decrease in Cu-SOD occurs. Cerebral lipoperoxidation is increased in the traumatized animals compared with controls. This increase is reduced on treatment of the rats with liposomal SOD (or the free enzyme). Very small amounts of the exogenous SOD pass the brain barrier, the permeability of which is increased in traumatized animals. The enzyme is particularly concentrated in the cortex. Despite apparent total neurological recovery at 15 days for untreated traumatized animals, significant differences in EEG recordings, in percentage cerebral water content and in histological examination of brain tissue of these controls compared with treated animals were observed with a net improvement in the latter case. The results obtained with this model suggest that clinical treatment of coma states and brain traumas with liposomal superoxide dismutase may have certain advantages over orthodox treatments. PMID- 3229661 TI - Plasma lipid peroxides in murine sepsis--sex differences and effect of antioxidative/anti-inflammatory therapy. AB - In order to investigate the influence of antioxidative/anti-inflammatory combination therapy (AACT) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), chlorpromazine (CPZ) and vitamin E upon the activity of the inflammation, plasma lipid peroxide was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) 12 hrs postoperatively in the modified cecal ligation sepsis model in the mouse. Significantly higher TBARS levels were found in the male control group (13.7 +/- 0.7 nmol MDA/ml) than in the female control group (11.6 +/- 0.6 nmol MDA/ml). The operated male group had significantly higher TBARS levels (16.2 +/- 0.6 nmol MDA/ml) than the unoperated male control group (13.7 +/- 0.7 nmol MDA/ml). No increase of TBARS levels was observed in the operated female group. Both male and female operated group, when postoperatively treated with AACT had the same TBARS level as the not operated male or female control group. Survival curves of operated male and female group did not demonstrate any significant difference. The survival was better in an operated male and an operated female group, when postoperatively treated with AACT. It was concluded that the applied TBARS test is too insensitive to follow the activity of the inflammation and has no predictive value for the outcome of sepsis in this model. PMID- 3229662 TI - Premature labor contractions and the value of serum ferritin during pregnancy. AB - In general, the diagnosis of pregnancy-related anemia relies on the estimation of the hemoglobin level. The findings of this study suggest that the additional estimation of serum ferritin - a reliable index of the iron stores - can improve the diagnosis of anemia. Hematological data of 150 pregnant women were retrospectively related to the courses of pregnancy, in particular to the incidence of premature labor contractions. 70% of the pregnant women included in the investigation had a serum ferritin value below 20 micrograms/l and thus iron deficiency. If the hemoglobin value alone had been estimated, 50.6% of the women with iron deficiency (serum ferritin less than 20 micrograms/l) would not have been detected among those pregnant women with a hemoglobin value of more than 11 g/dl. These findings are also of particular relevance as a significant correlation has been found between the incidence of premature labor contractions and the serum ferritin level: only 11% of the pregnant women investigated whose serum ferritin values exceeded 20 micrograms/l had premature labor contractions, whereas premature labor was recorded in 48% of the pregnant women with serum ferritin values below 10 micrograms/l. PMID- 3229664 TI - Time of decision to undergo a legal abortion. AB - In order to see if very early abortion methods should be used more often or if they should be avoided, an interview study was made in Stockholm in 1982. One hundred and twenty applicants for abortion were asked about the time of their decision to undergo a legal abortion. Seventy-two percent of the women had decided to have an abortion as soon as they knew they were pregnant. Sixty-six percent had made their decision before the end of the 8th week of pregnancy, which is considered to be time limit for Karman exeresis. Most women (84%) had discussed the abortion decision with the prospective father; however, 54% stated that they had made their decision to terminate the pregnancy more or less on their own. This study indicates that very early abortion methods would be advantageous for many women, and could be used more often. All applicants for abortion should however have an opportunity to discuss their decision carefully before the abortion. PMID- 3229663 TI - Evolution of NMRI mice ovaries and corpora lutea during pregnancy: morphologic and morphometric study. AB - During pregnancy in mice, three groups of corpora lutea (CL) originating from 4 successive ovulatory cycles could be distinguished taking into account their size, cellular structure and stain affinity. Type I CL originated at the onset of pregnancy, type II CL originated during the 2 previous estrous cycles and type III CL were produced during a cycle preceding the two others. CL volume of type I increased 10-fold between day 0 and day 18.5, a 2.5-fold increase in volume occurred in type II CL between day 0 and day 3, although they derived from cycles preceding pregnancy. The volume of type III remained unchanged. This fact suggested that types I and II CL probably play a functional role in the ongoing pregnancy. After day 10 of pregnancy a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.933) is observed between type I CL and the number of embryos in the corresponding uterine horn. PMID- 3229665 TI - Distribution of total estradiol receptor levels in various segments and tissues of the normal and pathological human uterus. AB - Estradiol receptor (RE2) levels were measured in normal (n = 22) and pathological (n = 14) human endometria and in various segments and tissues of the same uteri (n = 8). The highest total estradiol levels (TRE2) were found in midcycle normal cyclic endometria and the lowest in the secretory phase of normal cyclic endometria and in normal postmenopausal endometria (the TRE2 levels in the latter two groups were within similar ranges). The highest nuclear RE2 levels were found in proliferative-phase normal cyclic endometria. TRE2 levels in pathological postmenopausal endometria were high, in the range of those found in proliferative normal cyclic endometria, but the nuclear RE2 levels were low as compared with those in normal proliferative endometria. Examination of the distribution of the TRE2 levels in various segments and tissues of normal proliferative uteri revealed similar trends in all cases as follows: the highest levels were measured in the functional endometrium (fundus) and the lowest in the myometrium (fundus). Basal endometrial TRE2 levels decreased along the longitudinal axis from fundus to isthmus. In 4 cases, TRE2 levels in leiomyoma tissues were higher than those in the corresponding myometrium. These results indicate the possibility of a differing regulating mechanism of the RE2 in various segments or tissues of the human uterus. PMID- 3229666 TI - Relative prognostic significance of DNA flow cytometry and histologic grading in endometrial carcinoma. AB - Flow cytometric analyses of the DNA content of neoplastic cells were performed in 60 cases of endometrial carcinoma using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Each tumor was graded histologically prior to flow cytometry. Aneuploidy was found in almost half of the tumors, including those of moderate and high degrees of differentiation, although the poorly differentiated tumors were more commonly aneuploid. The cytometric and histologic results were then compared with prognosis (5-year survival). In general, survival was greater with diploid than with aneuploid tumors. With well-differentiated tumors, patients with both diploid and aneuploid lesions had a favorable prognosis, but with moderately and poorly differentiated tumors those with diploidy had a more favorable prognosis than those with aneuploidy. We conclude that flow cytometry is of principal prognostic value in poorly differentiated endometrial carcinomas. PMID- 3229667 TI - Significant difference in the frequency of out-of-phase endometrial biopsies depending on the use of the Novak curette or the flexible polypropylene endometrial biopsy cannula ('Pipelle'). AB - A statistically significant difference in the frequency of out-of-phase biopsies was found on comparison of day dating in two sequential series of late luteal endometrial biopsies taken with the standard 4-mm stainless steel Novak curette and a polypropylene cannula ('Pipelle'). Since the only variable in these two series was the type of biopsy instrument used, it is suggested that the diagnosis of inadequate luteal phase can be affected by an extrinsic non-biological factor, i.e., the type of biopsy instrument used. This technical 'artifact' deserves further study. PMID- 3229668 TI - Calcium supplementation and toxaemia of pregnancy. PMID- 3229669 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in AIDS patients with normal CT scans]. PMID- 3229670 TI - [Respiratory center sensitivity in hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3229671 TI - [Biofeedback therapy for fecal soiling in children]. PMID- 3229673 TI - [Epidermal cyst in the region of the clitoris]. PMID- 3229672 TI - [Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis in a Druze family]. PMID- 3229675 TI - [Acute appendicitis]. PMID- 3229676 TI - [Xanthomatoses, cataracts, mental retardation, adynamia and equilibrium disturbances]. PMID- 3229674 TI - [Lofgren syndrome]. PMID- 3229677 TI - [Research projects 1987-1988 supported by the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of Health]. PMID- 3229678 TI - The public's health. PMID- 3229679 TI - AIDS and significant others: findings from a preliminary exploration of needs. AB - Virtually nothing is known about the impact of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) on significant others. Significant others have needs, and often these persons become valuable sources of emotional and physical support for the person with AIDS. Data from interviews with 11 significant others suggest a number of considerations for work with this distressed population. PMID- 3229681 TI - Three models of social work intervention with tuberculosis patients. AB - Modern tuberculosis intervention emphasizes patient compliance with a medical regimen, but it neglects the need to change socioeconomic factors that contribute to the persistence of this disease. Currently, social workers rarely work with tuberculosis patients, although social work methods may be more appropriate for groups who resist the medical approach. Three models of social work intervention with a primarily black, low-income, tuberculosis population are described. The models emphasize community organization, case consultation, and medical social work methods, respectively. PMID- 3229680 TI - Services to adolescent fathers. AB - Until recently, service programs for adolescent fathers have been rare. Such a program for teenage fathers and service characteristics that encourage the involvement of teenage fathers are described. In particular, fathers who did not live with the mothers of their babies had dramatically greater participation in prenatal activities if they used teenage father services. Services to fathers and fathers' participation in prenatal activities also were associated with higher birthweights. Engaging adolescent fathers in pilot fatherhood projects thus has high potential to benefit teenage fathers and mothers and their infants. PMID- 3229682 TI - Preventive social work in perceived environmental disasters. AB - A modified social support network intervention model is presented that can prevent extreme or inappropriate public response to exposure to perceived environmental toxins and other perceived technological disasters. Social workers in public health and environmental health settings may find this model useful as a basis for preexposure community intervention. PMID- 3229683 TI - School-based clinics. PMID- 3229684 TI - The evolutionary principles of extension of function and substitution of organs as applied to the phylembryogenesis of the nasal apparatus in Sauropsida. PMID- 3229685 TI - A quick test for screening the carcinogenicity of certain chemicals, using various protozoan parasites. PMID- 3229686 TI - Mitotic activity in the epidermal cells of regenerating hind limbs of Xenopus laevis larvae after amputation at different levels. An autoradiographic study. PMID- 3229687 TI - Maturity in the Sphyraenidae family in the south-eastern Mediterranean. PMID- 3229688 TI - Morphological and biochemical analysis of ischaemically induced anterograde degeneration of some rabbit spinal cord tracts. PMID- 3229689 TI - Nucleolar extrusions and location of the Golgi apparatus in the caudal neurosecretory motoneurons of anurans (Amphibia). PMID- 3229690 TI - Studies of a new land planarian, Bipalium chhatarpurensis sp. nov. PMID- 3229691 TI - Studies of secretory cysts in the pituitary gland of the Indian palm squirrel Funambulus pennanti and their origin and significance. PMID- 3229693 TI - Ultrastructure of the saccus endolymphaticus and leptomeninges of the domestic fowl Gallus gallus f. domestica. PMID- 3229692 TI - Ultrastructure of human bronchial submucosal glands. PMID- 3229694 TI - Ontogenetic development of the leptomeninges of the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus v. alba). PMID- 3229695 TI - Treatment of diabetic foot infections: Wagner classification, therapy, and outcome. AB - A total of 850 cases of septic diabetic foot infections were reviewed in 355 patients. Age, sex, other chronic diseases, site, etiology, Wagner grade, treatment, and results were analyzed. One third of the patients were in their sixth decade of life. There were 180 women and 175 men. Chronic diseases included hypertension, congestive heart disease, and renal failure. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria. Treatment was considered to meet protocol standards if Wagner's algorithms and infectious disease principles were followed. Thirty nine Wagner grade 0 infections were seen: only one was not treated appropriately. Eighty-eight percent treated per protocol healed and the one not treated appropriately failed. In grade 1, 79% of the 154 evaluable patients were treated appropriately with a 86% success rate versus a 53% success rate for those not treated per protocol. Of three quarters of the 64 patients with grade 2 infections treated according to protocol, 73% healed. One of those in grade 2 who was not treated according to protocol healed. In grade 3, 64% of the 251 patients were treated per protocol with a 79% success rate versus a 12% success rate for those who were not treated per protocol. Most of the 189 patients with grade 4 cases were treated according to protocol with 88% success; the 20 not treated per protocol had a 15% success rate. Thirty of the 32 grade 5 patients were treated per protocol and all but one healed. Protocol therapy had a statistically significant effect by chi 2 test in the treatment of all groups. PMID- 3229696 TI - Long-term follow-up of Syme amputations for peripheral vascular disease associated with diabetes mellitus. AB - Ten patients underwent Syme amputation for diabetic peripheral vascular disease between 1980 and 1986 and were observed postoperatively for an average of 5 years. Surgical wounds healed in only five of the 10 patients; they were then fitted for a permanent Syme's prosthesis. All failures resulted from the inability to heal the surgical incisions primarily. The clinical records of these patients were retrospectively analyzed for predictors of successful clinical outcome. The ischemic index, grade of the lesion, initial wound treatment, and presence of the infection at the time of amputation were not found to be reliable predictors of a successful level of amputation. Clinical assessment of both the vascular and nutritional status of the patient was necessary to predict a successful result at this level of amputation. PMID- 3229697 TI - Objective evaluation of insert material for diabetic and athletic footwear. AB - Five of the most commonly used materials for shoe inserts (soft Plastazote, medium Pelite, PPT, Spenco, and Sorbothane) were objectively evaluated in the laboratory to characterize their behavior in the following three specific functions that correspond to clinical use: (1) the effect on the materials of repeated compression. (2) the effect of a combination of repetitive shear and compression. (3) the force-distribution (force-attenuation) properties of these materials, both when new and after repeated compression. The last function represents a model for relief of pressure beneath plantar bony prominences, a topic of special concern for the insensitive foot. All materials were effective in reducing transmitted force over the simulated bony prominence with a rank order of effectiveness. Other factors considered were: amount and rate of permanent deformation offset by considerations of enhanced moldability when comparing the neoprene and urethane materials with the polyethylene foams. The ideal insert represents a combination of material to achieve both durability and moldability. PMID- 3229698 TI - Plantar excision of primary interdigital neuromas. AB - A retrospective study was done of 51 patients (6 males and 45 females) who had 57 primary interdigital neurectomies performed through a plantar incision. The surgical technique is described. The results were divided into three categories, in which 26 feet were judged excellent, 27 feet rated good, and 4 feet were classed as poor. The author concludes that the plantar approach is technically simple and results in a comfortable scar. Poor results occurred in 4 of 57 feet. This failure rate compares favorably with those failure rates in reported series done through a dorsal incision. In the author's opinion, the ability to do a more proximal resection of the nerve--as compared with the dorsal approach--is responsible for the higher rate of success with this method. PMID- 3229699 TI - Arthrography of the metatarsophalangeal joint. AB - Arthrography has been an extremely useful tool in the diagnosis of various intra articular disorders of multiple joints. To date, little has been written regarding the technique and value of arthrography of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints of the foot. The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe the technique, demonstrate a normal arthrogram of the MTP joint, and provide case descriptions in which arthrography has been useful in diagnosis of intra articular problems related to the MTP joint. PMID- 3229700 TI - Ingrown toenail: results of surgical treatment. AB - When an ingrown toenail is unresponsive to simple treatment methods, surgical treatment options are available. At our institution, 100 patients with 142 affected toes were surgically treated by one of five techniques and observed for a mean of 9.7 years (range, 7.8 to 10.0 years). Plastic nail wall reduction was effective (four of four nail edges) for mild disease. After marginal nail excision with chemical matrix ablation, the recurrence rate was 20% (12 of 61 nail edges); eight required further surgical treatment. Marginal nail excision combined with surgical excision of the associated nail matrix (Heifetz procedure) was more successful: recurrence occurred in only 6% (6 of 95 nail edges), and only one toe required further surgical treatment. For severe nail deformity, nail ablation with matrix excision (Zadik procedure) was followed by recurrence in 33% (three of nine toes); all three required additional surgical treatment. After terminal amputation (Lapidus/Thompson-Terwilliger procedure), the recurrence rate was 12% (2 of 17 toes); only one nail required additional surgical treatment. PMID- 3229701 TI - Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the talus in a child. AB - An unusual case of localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the ankle joint in a 3-year-old boy is described. The child was brought to the hospital because of abrupt onset of pain and joint effusion. A soft tissue mass eroding the talar dome was seen in roentgenograms. Exact diagnosis was established by excisional biopsy. Curettage of the lesion resulted in healing without recurrence at 10-year follow-up examination. PMID- 3229702 TI - Isolated dislocation of the tarsal navicular: a case report. AB - Isolated dislocation of the tarsal navicular is a rare injury that is not mentioned in standard orthopedic textbooks and described only once in the English literature. Because of the rarity of this condition, the best means of treatment has not been established. A patient with this unusual dislocation was recently diagnosed and treated. Open reduction was eventually required, which was followed by the development of ischemic necrosis of the navicular. PMID- 3229703 TI - Cardiac lesions in sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Sequential morphological changes as found in the hearts of 250 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infants are described. Detailed examination of macroscopic and microscopic lesions reveal that all SIDS infants had identifiable lesions at the time of their death. The lesions can best be described as selective focal anoxic muscle fibre necrosis at chronologically different developmental stages. The extent of these lesions vary markedly from case to case, from a minimal muscle fibre eosinophilia through contraction band formation, myocytolysis, stromal condensation to scar formation. The morphological variations in the lesions amongst individual cases can be interpreted as relating to the time interval of the development of the lesions. The intramural and coronary arteries in some cases are also affected showing intimal hyperplasia. Although these sequential morphological aberrations are not specific and typical to SIDS infants only, they were present in all SIDS infants in this series. PMID- 3229704 TI - The effect of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid on pig dermis. A light microscopic study. AB - In order to compare the dermal changes after exposure to direct current (d.c.) with changes after influence of acid and base influence, the skin of fully anaesthetized Danish Landrace pigs were exposed to acid and basic solutions. Biopsies were obtained immediately after and up to day 7 after the injury. Collagen fibres with increased affinity for eosin and irregular cross-striation in polarized light together with shrunken cells with dark stained nuclei were found just beneath the epidermis immediately after application of 1 N HCl. Immediately after exposure to 1 N NaOH dispersed collagen fibres showed increased eosinophilia and a fine densely spaced cross-striation in polarized light and vesicular nuclei were present within dermal cells. During the following days a narrow demarcation zone of neutrophilic granulocytes separated the zone containing abnormal collagen fibres from normal tissue below. Calcified collagen fibres were not observed and no other abnormal histochemical reactions were present. It is concluded that the morphology of acid induced lesions and base induced lesions shows resemblance to the morphology of anode and cathode lesions, respectively, but not to heat lesions. The reason for not finding depositions of calcium salts on collagen fibres in skin exposed to basic solutions could be a non-optimal pH in the tissue or that other electrochemical processes than shift in pH are necessary for the calcification process. PMID- 3229705 TI - Ultrastructural changes in dermal pig skin after exposure to heat and electric energy and acid and basic solutions. AB - In order to describe the ultrastructure of the histopathological changes in dermis after exposure to electrical energy, heat energy and acid and basic solutions the skin of fully anaesthetized Danish Landrace pigs were exposed to direct current, heat (80 degrees C and 450 degrees C) and acid and basic solutions. Biopsies were obtained immediately after the exposure from all types of injury. Biopsies from the cathode areas biopsies were also taken on day 1 and day 2.5 in order to describe the initial calcium deposits. Homogeneous collagen fibres without any birefringence from heat exposed areas were ultrastructurally composed of filamentous materials. Collagen fibres with fine densely spaced cross striation from cathode areas and areas exposed to basic solutions were shown ultrastructurally to consist of parallelly arranged collagen fibrils with regular waves. It is concluded that the cross-striation of the collagen fibres observed in polarized light are due to a periodic change in the orientation of the fibres seen as waves of the fibres. The ultrastructure of dermal cells were similar to that of epidermal cells following the different types of influence. Characteristically the nuclei were condensed following heat and more electron lucent following direct current (d.c.) and acid and basic solutions. In cathode areas and areas influenced by basic solutions the electron-lucent nuclei contained fine fibrils. The ultrastructural study supports the suggestion from light microscopic studies that the morphology of anode and cathode lesions shows resemblance to acid induced and basic induced lesions, respectively. Apatite crystals were observed on day 2.5 at the periphery of the collagen fibrils and in the matrix of elastic fibres. PMID- 3229706 TI - The occurrence of calcium salt deposition on dermal collagen fibres following electrical injury to porcine skin. AB - Deposition of calcium salts on collagen fibres has been shown to occur in cathode areas from 2 days to 2 months after exposure to direct current (d.c.) via contact knobs measuring 12 mm in diameter using energy level from 0.5 to 96 J and on day 7 after exposure to alternating current (a.c.) via pointed electrodes using energy level from 30 to 50 J. In order to determine the statistical relation of this histological observation to the type of energy applied 1095 biopsies from 49 pigs including biopsies from skin areas exposed to heat, 50 Hz a.c., 100 kHz a.c. and d.c. as well as from unexposed skin were examined. The specificity was 1.0 using calcium deposition as the test criterium. The sensitivity for cathode areas was found to vary from 0.52 to 1.0 depending on the biopsy technique and the number of days after exposure. Calcium salts on collagen fibres seem uniformly to be present in the cathode area from day 4 to 7, the positive test answer being depending on the biopsy technique. For 50 Hz a.c. the sensitivity using a pointed electrode was found to vary from 0.08 to 0.27 dependent on the number of days after exposure. For all other types of energy the sensitivity was 0. PMID- 3229707 TI - An application of a quantitative analytical system for the grading of pulmonary fat embolisms. AB - The severity of pulmonary fat embolism in 5 autopsied cases has been measured using a quantitative image analytical system. With reference to the mean size of the fat emboli, the cases were divided into 2 groupings regardless of the number of the emboli. The mean sizes of the emboli in 3 cases of the first group were significantly larger (about 490-600 microns 2) than those found in the 2 cases of the other group (about 220 and 235 microns 2). An investigation into the localization of fat emboli revealed that more were lodging in the small arteries and arterioles in the first group than in the second. Our results have indicated that a reliable grading of pulmonary fat embolism can not be established without a quantitative image analysis of the size and localization of the fat emboli, and that this quantitative analytical method is useful in achieving this reliable grading. PMID- 3229708 TI - Creatine phosphokinase in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and microscopic findings in brain and heart in hypothermic rabbits. AB - Signs of hypothermia injury were studied in rabbits cooled to a core temperature of 30 degrees C by immersion in ice water and thereafter rewarmed to 35 degrees C. Anaesthetized control rabbits were kept normothermic (37 degrees C) for a corresponding time (4 h). Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity increased 24 h after hypothermia to 20-fold in serum. In cerebrospinal fluid the activity was already significantly (5-fold) increased after hypothermia and was still as high at 24 h. Smaller increase was also found in the control normothermic rabbits both in serum (10-fold) and cerebrospinal fluid (2-fold). The values had returned to the initial level after 1 week. Small haemorrhages were observed in the brain at 24 h and slight scarring was seen in the myocardium of some rabbits which had lived 4 weeks following hypothermia. The results indicate that CPK can be a useful marker in the diagnostics of hypothermia death, especially in cerebrospinal fluid, which is less affected than blood by autolysis. PMID- 3229709 TI - A rapid method for the extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from body fluids. AB - A method has been developed for the rapid extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from post-mortem blood and urine samples. Solid phase columns containing C8 packing material gave clean, emulsion free extracts from body fluids. The total time for each extraction was approx. 10 min and the system has the capacity for the simultaneous extraction of up to 10 samples. Urine can be extracted directly, blood samples were sonicated before extraction to allow for their easy passage through the columns. The method gave excellent recoveries of cocaine (98-100%) from spiked samples at concentrations of between 50 ng/ml and 10 micrograms/ml. Analysis of the extracts was by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PMID- 3229710 TI - Autopsy findings in the eyes of fourteen fatally abused children. AB - The eyes of fourteen fatally abused children and sixteen control cases were examined histopathologically. Ten of the abused children showed intraocular change. The most common ocular changes were subdural hemorrhage of the optic nerve and retinal hemorrhage which involved all the layers of the retina, but most commonly the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer. The presence of blood cavities within the retina partially supported the hypothesis of traumatic retinoschisis. The control cases of non-abused children rarely showed intraocular hemorrhage. PMID- 3229711 TI - Commentary. Generalism and specialism revisited: the case of neurology. PMID- 3229712 TI - DataWatch. Physician employment patterns: challenging conventional wisdom. PMID- 3229713 TI - GrantWatch. Foundation funding for AIDS education. PMID- 3229714 TI - Clarifying the competition strategy. PMID- 3229715 TI - The quality of patients' ratings. PMID- 3229716 TI - Organization and financing of medical care. PMID- 3229717 TI - The impact of routine inquiry laws on organ donation. PMID- 3229719 TI - The acrosome reaction in spermatozoa of the grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus: Chiroptera) exposes barbed subacrosomal material. AB - Acrosome reactions were induced in seminal spermatozoa of the megachiropteran Pteropus poliocephalus, the grey-headed flying fox, using the ionophore A23187 (10 microM in Tyrodes solution with 1% w/v BSA). Samples were taken at 0, 10, and 120 minutes and fixed for electron microscopy. Initial motility of approximately 70% decreased to approximately 10% over 2 hours. The first motile spermatozoa without acrosomal caps were seen after 6 minutes, and by 90 minutes approximately 60% of motile spermatozoa had completed the acrosome reaction. The first sign of the reaction (by TEM) appears to be swelling and cavitation of the acrosomal matrix within the apical and principal segments, followed or possibly accompanied by fusion and fenestration of the outer acrosomal and plasma membranes and dispersion of the matrix except from the equatorial segment. The end-product of the reaction thus conforms to that seen in other eutherian mammals. However, the reaction exposes a uniquely moulded organization of subacrosomal material ("pseudoperforatorium"), shaped like an anvil over the rostral rim of the flattened nucleus and encased by the remaining inner acrosomal membrane. This has two "lateral" spikes on each side that extend approximately to the same width as the head in the region of the equatorial segment. While these barbs could serve to stabilize or anchor the apical segment of the acrosome, their exposure following the acrosome reaction suggests some specific mechanical role in penetration of the zona pellucida or in protecting more caudal structures from abrasive damage. PMID- 3229718 TI - Success of fertilization in golden hamsters is a function of the relative gamete ratio. AB - Gamete concentrations can be expressed as either absolute gamete ratios (sperm/egg), the concentration of the motile sperm (sperm/ml), or as a relative gamete ratio (sperm/egg x ml). We demonstrate that the success of hamster fertilization in vitro is a function of the relative gamete ratio and that any effect of the insemination medium geometry is minimal. Consistent fertilization occurs when the relative gamete ratio is above 10(3.5) sperm/egg x ml, but becomes variable above 10(5.0) sperm/egg x ml. At suboptimal relative gamete ratios, there is a strong sperm concentration effect on both the consistency and level of fertilization, whereas the absolute gamete ratio only affects the overall level of fertilization. These effects are seen when the sperm concentration is below 10(3.5) sperm/ml and when the absolute gamete ratio is below 10(2.3) sperm/egg. These influences are probably due to reduced sperm survival at low sperm concentrations and due to a sampling error that occurs when small numbers of sperm are transferred. When the absolute gamete ratios found in vivo in the hamster [Cummins and Yanagimachi, 1982, Gamete Res 5, 239-256] are converted to relative gamete ratios, they are similar to our in vitro results. Thus relative gamete ratios allow, for the first time, comparison between in vitro and in vivo data in the hamster, and between other rodents. PMID- 3229721 TI - Refertilization in eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. AB - To determine the role of the sea urchin egg plasma membrane in the species specificity of fertilization, the ability of denuded activated eggs to be heterospecifically refertilized was determined. Our initial studies included evaluating the effectiveness of three commonly used methods of vitelline envelope (VE) removal using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies directed against the VE. Unfertilized Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs were extracted with 0.01 M dithiothreitol (DTT) for 3 min or digested with 1.0 mg/ml pronase for 1 hr. Eggs were also fertilized, then diluted into a divalent-free medium to produce thin, elevated envelopes (VE*s) that were mechanically removed by sieving the eggs through nylon mesh. We found that both DTT extraction and pronase digestion were not completely effective in VE removal, and mechanical removal methods gave rise to a mixed population of eggs, those that had their VEs removed and those with a collapsed envelope that was not detectable at the light microscope level. Therefore, a new method of VE removal was developed. Eggs with VE*s were prepared followed by treatment with 0.01 M DTT to solubilize the envelopes. Nearly 100% of the denuded activated eggs incorporated one or more homologous and heterologous sperm, suggesting that the egg plasma membrane does not function in determining the species-specificity of fertilization. PMID- 3229720 TI - Changes of elemental concentrations around and on the surface of fowl sperm membrane during maturation in the male reproductive tract and after in vitro storage. AB - X-ray microprobe analysis was performed to investigate the changes of elemental concentrations around or on the membrane of the head, midpiece, and principal piece regions of individual fowl spermatozoa during maturation in the male reproductive tract and after storage in vitro at 4 degrees C. The pattern of change of elemental concentrations during maturation and postejaculation was, in general, similar in the three different subcellular regions; i.e., concentrations of sodium, potassium, chlorine, and calcium decreased gradually during sperm passage through the male reproductive tract and after storage. Phosphorus concentration remained almost constant in the male tract and decreased gradually after storage. In contrast, magnesium, zinc, and copper concentrations showed an interesting pattern: concentrations increased significantly during maturation to a maximum at ejaculation and decreased again after storage. The ratios of sodium to potassium in the midpiece region showed patterns similar to those of magnesium, zinc, and copper concentrations. PMID- 3229722 TI - Fine structure of the neck of epididymal spermatozoa of Schreiber's long-fingered bat (Chiroptera: Mammalia). AB - The structure of the spermatozoon of the long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) was studied using transmission electron microscopy. The neck is characterized by two asymmetrically arranged features that allow the orientation of sections in different planes and therefore aid the interpretation of the structure. There are six segmented columns, two major and four minor, in the anterior 79% of the neck, and it is only posterior to this that the major columns split. One major column is associated with doublets 9, 1, and 2, and the other major column, with doublets 5 and 6. The proximal centriole is surrounded by the capitulum and segmented columns, and the distal centriole persists and is apparent in both longitudinal and transverse sections. The central pair of microtubules pass through the distal centriole and terminate at the proximal centriole. A line drawn through the two central microtubules divides the head into left and right halves. Development of the neck begins during early spermiogenesis at which time the two centrioles are associated with the production of the capitulum, segmented columns, and axoneme complex. PMID- 3229723 TI - Sperm entry into zona-free oocytes in the hamster oviduct: implications for the mechanisms of acrosome reaction induction. AB - The possible importance of the zona pellucida for induction of the acrosome reaction (AR) and establishment of sperm/egg associations in the fallopian tube was investigated by instilling zona-free eggs into the oviductal ampulla of hamsters that had been inseminated with epididymal spermatozoa 6-7 hours previously. The eggs were recovered only 60-90 minutes later because of increasing difficulty with time of collecting zona-free eggs from the oviduct. In the zona-free group, 41 (4%) of 1,101 transferred eggs were recovered, of which 20% contained spermatozoa with decondensing nuclei (mean 4.4/egg). A similar (22%) fertilization rate (mean 3.2 spermatozoa/egg) was found among intact (control) eggs recovered after instillation into the contralateral oviduct. Mammalian spermatozoa are not incorporated even into zona-free eggs before AR occurs. These results thus demonstrate that an AR in functional hamster spermatozoa in vivo and establishment of sperm/egg associations in vivo require no interaction with the zona pellucida nor with other products of ovulation. PMID- 3229724 TI - Zonae pellucidae of salt-stored hamster and human eggs: their penetrability by homologous and heterologous spermatozoa. AB - Zonae pellucidae of unfertilized hamster and human eggs remain penetrable by homologous spermatozoa when they are stored in highly concentrated salt solutions [Yanagimachi et al., 1979]. Neutralization of salt solutions with the appropriate pH buffers is recommended for long-term storage of the eggs (zonae), because zonae may gradually swell or even dissolve in acidic or alkaline solutions. At least for the hamster, 2 M ammonium sulfate solution containing 40 mM Hepes and 0.5% dextran (pH 7.0) seems to serve the purpose satisfactorily. Thorough rinsing of salt-stored zonae prior to insemination is important, but inclusion of protease inhibitors in the rinsing medium does not appear to be essential. A dialysis method is recommended when a large number of salt-stored eggs must be rinsed at one time. Salt-stored hamster zonae, like fresh (control) zonae, permit attachment and penetration of hamster spermatozoa, but not human spermatozoa. Salt-stored human zonae, on the other hand, allow penetration by not only human spermatozoa, but also hamster spermatozoa. PMID- 3229725 TI - Phagocytosis of sperm heads lacking the acrosomal process by unfertilized starfish oocytes. AB - In sperm of the starfish Asterina pectinifera, the acrosomal process and the flagellum were mechanically separated from the sperm head with a disperser. The sperm head fraction was then used to examine the direct interaction between the sperm head and the egg surface. Sperm heads lacking the acrosomal process and the flagellum did not fertilize oocytes, even after removal of the vitelline coat. Transmission electron microscopy showed that each denuded oocyte engulfed the sperm head without gamete membrane fusion. The sperm-engulfing response, similar to phagocytosis, was induced without the mediation of the acrosomal process. The present results suggest that the process of sperm incorporation consists of two independent events, acrosomal process-egg surface fusion and the phagocytotic movement of the egg surface. PMID- 3229726 TI - Fertilization envelope assembly in sea urchin eggs inseminated in Cl- deficient sea water: I. Morphological effects. AB - Elevation and hardening of the fertilization envelope (FE) occur within 15 min following insemination of the sea urchin egg. When chloride ions were replaced in the media with various anion substitutes, including methyl sulfonate, nitrates, bromide, and isethionate, the fertilization envelope failed to harden and collapsed back to the surface of the egg of Lytechinus variegatus, L. pictus, and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. At the light microscopy level, the collapse of the envelope was accompanied by a decrease in birefringence, compared with controls. When examined with electron microscopy, the FEs of eggs inseminated in reduced Cl solutions failed to transform from an amorphous layer into the more robust laminar structure observed around eggs incubated in normal sea water. Furthermore, in the case of S. purpuratus, the I-T transformation of the FE did not occur. When transfer of the inseminated eggs from the Cl- -deficient sea water to normal sea water was carried out before 10 min elapsed, the envelope did not collapse, and the birefringence of the envelope was similar to that of controls. Partial envelope collapse was also observed in a dose-dependent manner, varying with the concentration of the Cl- in the sea water solution. The results suggest that lack of Cl- in the media may interfere with proper fertilization envelope assembly. Possible mechanisms, including proper incorporation of the cortical granule exudate into the nascent envelope structure, are discussed. PMID- 3229727 TI - Development of enucleated parthenogenones that received pronuclei or nuclei from fertilized mouse eggs. AB - This study compares the developmental potential of enucleated mouse parthenogenones that received pronuclei from fertilized eggs with those that received nuclei from late two-cell embryos. The proportion of reconstituted parthenogenones, which received pronuclei at the one-cell stage, that developed to blastocysts in vitro and to live fetuses after transfer to recipients was significantly lower than that of reconstituted control eggs. However, the in vitro and in vivo developmental potential of reconstituted parthenogenones that received nuclei at the two-cell stage from fertilized late two-cell embryos was not different from that of reconstituted control eggs. These results were contrary to those reported previously by Mann and Lovell-Badge (1984), who showed that parthenogenetic eggs receiving pronuclei from fertilized eggs developed well both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3229728 TI - Adenosine potentiates forskolin-induced delay of meiotic resumption by mouse denuded oocytes: evidence for an oocyte surface site of adenosine action. AB - Adenosine is present in the mouse follicular fluid and has been shown to interfere with oocyte maturation in vitro. To clarify the mechanism of adenosine action on meiotic arrest, we have characterized the synergistic action of this purine with forskolin on the meiotic resumption of mouse denuded oocytes. Forskolin delays meiotic resumption by approximately 1 hour; adenosine at concentrations ranging between 30-750 microM has no significant effect. Conversely, adenosine treatment together with forskolin produces a further delay in the resumption of meiosis. This adenosine effect is dose-dependent and mimicked by adenosine analogs like N6-phenylisopropyl adenosine (PIA), 2 chloroadensoine (2-CLA), 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide (NECA). Dipyridamole, which inhibits adenosine transport, does not prevent the meiosis-arresting synergistic effect of adenosine with forskolin. Adenosine causes a 50% increase of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in the oocyte. However, this increase is not directly responsible for the observed delay in oocyte maturation for the following reasons: (1) the dose response of inhibition of meiotic resumption does not correlate with the doses of adenosine producing an increase in ATP; (2) dipyridamole blocks the increase in intracellular ATP, but it has no effect on the adenosine inhibition of maturation; (3) adenosine analogs inhibit oocyte maturation but do not affect intracellular ATP levels. These results suggest that the synergism of adenosine with forskolin on meiotic arrest does not require uptake of the nucleoside nor its conversion to ATP and that the adenosine effects are exerted at the level of the oocyte plasma membrane. PMID- 3229730 TI - Effect of exogenous hormones on the ovulation of primary and secondary oocytes in LT/Sv strain mice. AB - LT/Sv strain mice ovulate both primary and secondary oocytes. These are fertilizable and give rise to digynic triploid and normal diploid conceptuses, respectively. A previous study [Kaufman and Speirs, 1987] had indicated that just over 20% of embryos recovered on the 10th day of gestation from spontaneously ovulating females had a triploid chromosome constitution. This value was considerably lower than might have been expected by extrapolation from earlier studies in which LT/Sv mice had been given exogenous gonadotrophins. In the present study, therefore, cytogenetic analysis of fertilized eggs was performed at the first cleavage mitosis in (1) spontaneously ovulating females mated to F1 hybrid males, and (2) superovulated females mated to similar males. Additional females from group (1) were autopsied on the 10th day of gestation, and the ploidy of embryos isolated at this stage of gestation was determined. Exposure to exogenous gonadotrophins significantly increased the proportion of eggs that were ovulated as primary oocytes (34.4%), compared to the situation observed following spontaneous ovulation (24.4%). All the triploids encountered in both series were of the digynic type and characteristically (for LT/Sv mice) had an oocyte-derived set with 40 chromosomes present, and a sperm-derived set containing 20 chromosomes. Similar numbers of eggs were recovered from spontaneously ovulating females on the 1st and 10th days of gestation, and the incidence of triploidy observed on the 10th day was 22.1%. The influence of exogenous hormones in increasing the "spontaneous" level of triploidy in LT/Sv and in other strains of mice is briefly reviewed. PMID- 3229731 TI - A case of bile duct cancer treated by laser via percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopy. AB - Palliative treatment of bile duct cancer with Nd: YAG laser irradiation via percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopy (PTCS) was performed in an 86-year-old man. The obstructed lumen of the lower common bile duct, 3 cm in length, was adequately reopened, and a further endoprosthesis insertion was not required. Symptomatic and subjective improvements were achieved with no complications, and there is no sign of recurrence after 9 months at the time of writing. This method of treatment is recommended for bile duct cancers to obtain long-term and adequate bile flow without catheter insertion. PMID- 3229729 TI - Sperm-engulfing response of sea urchin egg surfaces inseminated with acrosome reacted starfish sperm. AB - Sperm-egg interaction was examined in two interclass combinations of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) eggs and starfish (Asterina pectinifera and Asterias amurensis) sperm. Cross-fertilization was unsuccessful between these combinations. When the vitelline coat-free sea urchin eggs were mixed with acrosome-reacted starfish sperm, the elongated microvilli on the egg surface wrapped the sperm head. This sperm-engulfing response observed on the denuded egg surface was induced only in sperm immediately after initiation of the acrosome reaction. Further fertilization events, such as gamete membrane fusion or discharge of cortical granules, did not proceed. These observations suggest that acrosome-reacted sperm can induce a local response on the heterologous egg surface, that is independent of gamete membrane fusion and egg activation. PMID- 3229732 TI - Endotoxins in portal blood. AB - Endotoxemia may complicate diseases of the bowel and liver, and is associated with the occurrence of renal failure, coagulation disorders and death. The bowel contains a large quantity of endotoxins. According to the classical hypothesis, endotoxins continuously transmigrate through the bowel mucosa, thereby entering the portal circulation. However, previous studies on portal endotoxemia were contradictory. We studied the presence of endotoxins in the portal vein in 21 consecutive patients with no diseases of the liver or the bowel, using a sensitive chromogenic endotoxin assay. In only two patients was low level portal endotoxemia detected after cross-clamping of the aorta, and subsequent reperfusion. We conclude that the normal bowel mucosa is an efficient barrier for endotoxins. Therefore, intestinal endotoxemia complicating liver disease is likely to result from enhanced permeability of the bowel mucosa. PMID- 3229733 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to food in type I diabetics with and without diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - Nineteen type I diabetics and 15 healthy subjects were given 500 ml of a mixed liquid test meal (flussige Diabetikerkost, Fresenius, FRG) orally. Furthermore, heart rate variation during deep breathing and Valsalva maneuver was performed in order to test vagus nerve function. PP serum levels were determined before, and 2 to 160 minutes after finishing, the meal. In healthy subjects and in 10 diabetics without any sign of autonomic neuropathy of the vagus nerve a significant rise in PP serum values after the meal could be detected. In 7 type I diabetics with autonomic cardiac neuropathy (abnormal beat-to-beat variation during deep breathing and during the Valsalva maneuver) post-prandial PP levels remained low. Two diabetics without autonomic neuropathy were excluded from the test because endogenic PP antibodies were found in their serum. PP secretion after ingestion of a mixed protein-rich meal is mostly mediated by the vagus nerve or by the extravagal cholinergic system. After vagotomy, no PP secretion after a mixed meal could be detected. Measuring PP serum levels in diabetics after a mixed meal can be useful to check vagus nerve function in the gastrointestinal tract in order to detect autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 3229734 TI - The seroprevalence of anti-HTLV-1 antibodies in patients with various liver diseases. AB - The prevalence of antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), which is linked to the etiology of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), was examined in 380 patients with various liver diseases in Kumamoto Prefecture, southwestern Japan, which is one of the most endemic area for HTLV-1. Eighteen patients with acute hepatitis (AH), 201 chronic hepatitis (CH), 93 liver cirrhosis (LC) 40 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 28 with other liver diseases were examined. Among these patients, 110 patients had histories of blood transfusion. HTLV-1 specific antibodies were assayed by the ELISA method and the Western blotting method. The rate of positive reaction was 8.9% in all, 5.6% in AH, 6.0% in CH, 10.8% in LC, 17.5% in HCC and 14.3% in the cases of other liver diseases. The prevalence of anti-HTLV-1 antibodies in about 62,000 healthy blood donors in this area was 4.7%. The overall sero-prevalence in the patient group was significantly higher (p less than 0.001), than in healthy blood donors, particularly in the LC and HCC groups. Although the occurrence increased with age, no difference between sex was observed. Patients who had received blood transfusions were found to have a higher rate (17.2%), than those who had not (5.9%), and healthy blood donors. No difference was found between the two groups regarding family history of liver disease. This study indicates that blood transfusions may be an important route to the HTLV-1 infection. PMID- 3229735 TI - Effect of calcium channel blocker diltiazem on cytoprotection and prostaglandin and sulfhydryl production by rat gastric epithelial cells. AB - The calcium channel blockers verapamil and diltiazem protect gastric mucosa against exogenous injury in vivo. Whether this protection is mediated by systemic factors, such as blood flow, is due to inhibition of gastric acid secretion, or is associated with stimulation of endogenous protective agents such as prostaglandins or sulfhydryls, is unknown. We have evaluated whether diltiazem protects rat gastric epithelial cells in tissue culture (a model which excludes the influence of systemic factors) against damage induced by sodium taurocholate, indomethacin, or ethanol. Further we have assessed the effect of diltiazem on prostaglandin and sulfhydryl production. 51Chromium release assay and phase contrast microscopy have been used to assess cell damage. Sodium taurocholate, indomethacin, and ethanol-damaged cultured cells in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with diltiazem did not prevent the drug-induced damage. Diltiazem did not increase PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1a production by cultured cells nor did it affect the cellular level of endogenous sulfhydryls. In conclusion, the calcium channel blocker diltiazem is not directly protective to rat gastric mucosal cells in vitro. Diltiazem does not stimulate prostaglandin production by gastric cells nor does it increase the cellular level of protective sulfhydryls. PMID- 3229736 TI - Reducing treatment costs in a community support program. PMID- 3229737 TI - Nally II: further clarification of clergy malpractice. PMID- 3229738 TI - Autonomy and the right to refuse treatment: patients' attitudes after involuntary medication. AB - The courts' assumption that patients' refusals of treatment are based on autonomous decision making was evaluated by examining the opinions of 24 involuntarily medicated patients about their treatment. At discharge 17 patients felt that their treatment refusal had been correctly overridden by staff and that they should be treated against their will again if necessary. Patients who persistently disapproved of the decision to override their treatment refusal were highly grandiose, engaged in denial of psychotic proportions, and responded poorly to treatment. The results suggest that, for most patients, the decision to refuse psychotropic medication is a manifestation of the patient's illness and does not reflect autonomous functioning or consistent beliefs about mental illness or its treatment. Consequently treatment refusal should be considered primarily a psychotherapeutic issue and, in most cases, should be subject to clinical rather than judicial review. PMID- 3229739 TI - The couch and the cloth: the need for linkage. AB - Data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study were used to compare the demographic characteristics and psychiatric symptomatology of persons classified into four groups based on source of mental health services: clergy only, mental health specialists only, both clergy and mental health specialists, and neither source. Those receiving services from both clergy and mental health specialists were more likely to have major affective and panic disorders than those who sought services from clergy or mental health specialists only or who sought services from neither. Those in the care of mental health specialists were more likely to have substance abuse disorders. Those in the care of clergy only were as likely as those seeing mental health specialists only to have serious mental disorders. The data make clear the need for formal linkages between clergy and mental health professionals. PMID- 3229740 TI - Management and rehabilitation of sexually exploitive therapists. AB - State legislators and mental health professionals in Minnesota have been active in developing strategies to improve reporting, management, and rehabilitation of sexually exploitive therapists. In 1985 and 1986, the legislature criminalized sexual contact by a therapist with a current or emotionally dependent former patient, established sexual exploitation by a therapist as a statutory cause of action, and required that all licensed health professionals report to the Board of Medical Examiners any physician who engages in sexual or sexually suggestive contact with a patient. The Walk-In Counseling Center, a nonprofit agency in Minneapolis, has taken an active role in evaluating exploitive therapists for licensing boards and employers to determine their rehabilitation potential. Mental health professionals and lawmakers have also collaborated in the development of strategies for preventing sexual exploitation and abuse by therapists. PMID- 3229741 TI - Court-mandated outpatient treatment for insanity acquittees: clinical philosophy and implementation. AB - Court-mandated outpatient treatment for offenders found not guilty by reason of insanity is an alternative form of treatment in which insanity acquittees may be released into the community after serving part of their commitment in a forensic hospital. Working with this difficult population requires a close liaison with the criminal justice system and a clearly articulated treatment philosophy. Essential elements include an emphasis on structure and supervision, recognition of the importance of neuroleptic medication, a reality-based approach to therapy and a focus on the problems of everyday living, and incorporation of the principles of case management. Treatment staff must be comfortable with giving support, enforcing limits, and recommending revocation of the patient's community status when necessary. Case illustrations of successful and unsuccessful community treatment for insanity acquittees are included. PMID- 3229742 TI - Gallows humor for a scaffold setting: managing aggressive patients on a maximum security forensic unit. AB - Gallows humor, as depicted in television shows such as MASH and Hill Street Blues, fulfills important psychological and sociological functions in maintaining therapeutic attitudes in the stressful and sometimes dangerous milieu of a maximum-security psychiatric unit. Humor provides an emotional language with which the unit's staff mark the sense of incongruity that characterizes their work. Staff invoke humor to move away from a macho attitude in their interactions with aggressive patients. Humor also bolsters staff solidarity through playful inversions of the usual patterns of authority. PMID- 3229743 TI - Psychiatrists' accuracy in predicting violent behavior on an inpatient unit. AB - Courts and legislators continue to assume psychiatrists are able to predict dangerousness, but research has shown they have no special ability to do so. In this study, two psychiatrists examined 47 new inpatient admissions to a short term psychiatric treatment unit and predicted whether they would commit battery or demonstrate threatening or suicidal behavior within seven days. The psychiatrists were not accurate in predicting battery or suicidal behavior but had some efficacy in predicting threatening behaviors. The presence of assaultive or threatening behavior on admission, hallucinations on mental status examination, and a discharge diagnosis of mania were useful for predicting battery. A discharge diagnosis of mania was useful for predicting threatening behavior. The use of likelihood ratios to conceptualize predictive data is described. PMID- 3229746 TI - Confinement practices. PMID- 3229745 TI - In defense of lawyers. PMID- 3229744 TI - Disability and welfare benefits for young adult chronic patients. PMID- 3229747 TI - Publicity and referrals. PMID- 3229748 TI - A model library. PMID- 3229749 TI - Patient or client? PMID- 3229750 TI - Ethics of nonformulary review in psychiatry. AB - Quality assurance programs have infiltrated all aspects of patient care. No longer is the clinician immune from outside forces influencing the conduct of treatment. External utilization review may independently determine the length of inpatient stay that will be reimbursed. This month's column discusses how internal review may direct which medications are available for use by the prescribing physician in the hospital. To what extent such review is intended primarily to benefit patients or to control costs is subject to debate. Regardless of motive, the result is considerable ethical controversy. PMID- 3229751 TI - On exporting and importing model programs. PMID- 3229752 TI - Misconceptions about use of case management services by the chronic mentally ill: a utilization analysis. AB - Records of service contacts made over a six-month period by 44 chronic mentally ill patients served by a private case management agency in Washington, D.C., were analyzed to assess the accuracy of common assumptions held by mental health professionals about appropriate staff-to-patient ratios, the relationship between age and chronicity and use of services, the intensity of service use over time, and similar beliefs. The results suggest that the optimum staff-to-patient ratio is about 1 to 15, that older patients require fewer service contacts than younger patients, that patients' chronicity is not related to their extent of service use, and that patients' frequency of service use does not change over time. Patients who received services at the agency and patients who were seen alone required more service contacts than patients who were seen in the community and patients who were accompanied at their service contacts by members of their support network. PMID- 3229753 TI - A contemporary perspective on psychoanalytically informed hospital treatment. AB - Despite impressive biological advances in the treatment of hospitalized patients, many inpatients do not respond to conventional somatic therapies. For these treatment-resistant patients with axis I disorders, as well as for characterologically disturbed axis II patients, a sophisticated milieu approach employing psychoanalytic principles may be useful, if not essential, in planning effective treatment. The author presents a model based on object relations theory to assist hospital staff in conceptualizing such treatment approaches. The cornerstone is a systematic understanding of transference and counter transference as they reflect the patient's internal object relations. PMID- 3229754 TI - Geropsychiatric emergency services: utilization and outcome predictors. AB - Chart data on emergency room visits by elderly patients and a younger control group were examined in an exploratory study of utilization of psychiatric emergency services by the elderly and factors predictive of their subsequent admission to a psychiatric inpatient unit. Elderly patients had lower utilization of psychiatric services than their younger counterparts, but they were significantly more likely to be hospitalized following an emergency room visit. Dementia, the single most frequent diagnosis of the elderly patients, increased the likelihood of hospitalization only if it existed in combination with another psychiatric diagnosis. Medical comorbidity appeared to have no effect on whether the elderly patient was subsequently hospitalized. PMID- 3229755 TI - Components and structure of attitudes toward AIDS. PMID- 3229756 TI - A psychosocial approach to deinstitutionalization. PMID- 3229757 TI - Posttraumatic stress disorder in a Central American refugee. PMID- 3229758 TI - Behavior modification. PMID- 3229759 TI - Patients at risk for HIV. PMID- 3229760 TI - APA guidelines cover AIDS precautions in outpatient services, HIV-infected psychiatrists. PMID- 3229761 TI - Toxicity of astatine-211 in the mouse. AB - The toxicity of the alpha particle emitting halogen astatine-211 was examined in male and female mice. Pathological changes were seen in mice killed at 14 days and/or at 56 days following a single injection of 61 kBq211 At per g body weight. The tissues affected, in order of severity were: spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, gonads, thyroid, salivary glands and stomach. PMID- 3229762 TI - Serum concentrations and accumulation of silver in skin during three months treatment with an anti-smoking chewing gum containing silver acetate. AB - Silver acetate chewing gum was used for 12 weeks as a smoking deterrent in 21 adults. The effect of silver on serum concentrations, its accumulation in the skin and the risk of developing clinically evident argyria were investigated. Serum concentrations of silver clearly rose after chewing gum use had started, and concentrations quickly returned to normal after use had ceased. In most cases the number of silver granules in skin biopsies, observed by autometallography, increased after the gum had been used for 12 weeks. No one developed clinical signs of argyria. Silver acetate containing remedies can be used as an aid to stop smoking, but the consumption must be monitored to avoid accumulation of larger amounts of silver in the body. PMID- 3229763 TI - Factors influencing the uptake of cadmium into cells in vitro. AB - The uptake of cadmium was studied in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Cadmium accumulates rapidly against a concentration gradient and uptake is dependent on incubation temperature. The presence of serum or albumin results in a reduction in Cd uptake. Several substances known to influence certain metabolic steps of cell metabolism were used to influence Cd accumulation. Of these compounds, those that blocked the SH groups of the plasma membrane exerted the strongest influence. The effect of inhibitors of endocytosis was less pronounced. PMID- 3229764 TI - Severity grading in self-poisoning. AB - 1. The reliability and validity of three different coma scales was studied in 26 patients with acute drug overdose. 2. A comparison of six painful stimulation techniques showed that sternal rubbing and retromandibular pressure were most effective. 3. The improper use of stimulation techniques may underestimate level of responsiveness in 4-19% of cases. 4. The Reaction Level Scale (RLS) was the most reliable scale. 5. Both the RLS and the Glasgow Coma Scale may be unnecessarily complicated for the evaluation of the drug overdose patient, but should be chosen if concomitant brain injury is suspected. 6. This study confirms the basic concepts and shows the reliability of the Matthew-Lawson scale for use in the poisoned patient. PMID- 3229765 TI - A signal assay for the detection of genotoxic compounds: application on the urines of cancer patients on chemotherapy and of nurses handling cytotoxic drugs. AB - 1. The excretion of thioethers was determined in the urine of nurses handling cytotoxic drugs (n = 10) and cancer patients under chemotherapy (n = 32). 2. An occupational non-exposed group served as control (n = 28). 3. We found no association between the handling of cytotoxic drugs and occupational exposure of nurses. Cancer patients under chemotherapy showed abnormally high values of thioethers, while urinary thioether concentration was, consistently, rather low in some individuals under intensive chemotherapy. 4. We conclude that periodical urinary thioether determinations should be made available to hospital staff as well as cancer patients to minimize the risks of the cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 3229766 TI - Dose-dependent acute hepatitis associated with administration of high dose methotrexate. PMID- 3229767 TI - An electrophysiological study of ganglion blockade by paraquat and diquat. AB - 1. The bipyridilium herbicides, particularly paraquat, have chemical and toxicological features in common with the bi-quaternary ammonium ganglion blockers. 2. Paraquat and diquat were tested for ganglion blocking activity. Rabbit cervical ganglia were superfused with both agents and subsequently with hexamethonium to confirm susceptibility to ganglion blockade. 3. No evidence for ganglion blockade was found at either supra maximal or sub maximal stimulation, and none following repetitive stimulation. 4. The similarities and differences between the bipyridyl herbicides and bi-quaternary ganglion blockers can be explained on the basis of their structures. 5. It is concluded that neither paraquat nor diquat have significant ganglion blocking activity. PMID- 3229768 TI - Accidental feeding of a dilute antiseptic solution (chlorhexidine 0.05% with cetrimide 1%) to five babies. AB - Five normal newborn breast fed babies were accidentally fed a dilute antiseptic solution (chlorhexidine 0.05% with cetrimide 1%) in place of sterile water, developing caustic burns of the lips, mouth and tongue within minutes; one baby became quite severely ill due to acute pulmonary oedema, but all survived without sequelae. PMID- 3229769 TI - Cardiovascular problems in diabetes. PMID- 3229770 TI - Effect of serum cholesterol on platelet adhesiveness in vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3229771 TI - A study of prevalence of hypertension with reference to economic, educational, environmental and hereditary factors in general population of north-west Rajasthan. PMID- 3229772 TI - Relation of coronary artery disease or left ventricular systolic function to post angio left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. PMID- 3229773 TI - Intravenous streptokinase therapy in evolving acute myocardial infarction. A study of forty-six consecutive cases in an industrial hospital. PMID- 3229774 TI - Cardiovascular status in highest village of the world (4205 m)--a survey report. PMID- 3229775 TI - Acute and chronic pacing thresholds of various permanent pacing leads: a comparative study. PMID- 3229776 TI - Management of infected permanent pacemaker--feasibility of one stage radical surgery. PMID- 3229777 TI - Clinical performance of tined ventricular leads used for permanent atrial pacing. PMID- 3229778 TI - Eisenmenger ventricular septal defect with tricuspid regurgitation--a rare association. PMID- 3229779 TI - Double chambered right ventricle: a clinical haemodynamic and angiographic profile. PMID- 3229780 TI - Magnesium sulfate therapy in torsades de pointes. PMID- 3229781 TI - The melanoma progression-associated antigen P3.58 is identical to the intercellular adhesion molecule, ICAM-1. AB - The 89kd cell surface glycoprotein, P3.58, is expressed on human malignant melanomas in situ where it is associated with an increased risk of metastatic disease. Monoclonal antibodies detecting denatured P3.58 were produced and used to isolate a P3.58 encoding cDNA clone from a human melanoma lambda expression library. Sequencing of the cDNA revealed that the P3.58 antigen is identical to the leukocyte intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). PMID- 3229782 TI - [Prognostic significance of regional metastasis of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3229784 TI - [Uterine leiomyoma: presentation of 2 cases with diffuse metastasis and a long clinical course]. PMID- 3229783 TI - [Diffusion modality of malignant melanoma by lymphatic pathways. Clinico pathologic considerations]. PMID- 3229785 TI - [Clinical autopsy study of the incidence of remnant gastric carcinoma in patients with stomach resection]. PMID- 3229786 TI - Blood leucocytes in Mastomys natalensis with filarial infections. PMID- 3229787 TI - Production & characterization of PL 1/54, a monoclonal antibody reactive with a functionally important platelet-associated antigen. PMID- 3229788 TI - Cognitive functions in patients of primary affective disorder on prophylactic lithium treatment. PMID- 3229789 TI - Validity of Schofield's predictive equations for basal metabolic rates of Indians. PMID- 3229790 TI - Prealbumin levels of cerebrospinal fluid in neurological disorders. PMID- 3229791 TI - Alteration in systemic hemodynamics & regional brain blood flow by isoprenaline. PMID- 3229792 TI - Wound healing profile of copper salts of enfenamic acid & ibuprofen. PMID- 3229793 TI - Effect of oryzanol on fructose induced hypertriglyceridaemia in rats. PMID- 3229794 TI - Role of acidosis in the changes of rat brain monoamines after methanol administration & effect of blocking methanol metabolism by 4-methyl pyrazole & 3 amino-1,2,4-triazole. PMID- 3229795 TI - Amyloid & amyloid-like deposits in basal cell epithelioma. PMID- 3229797 TI - Incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies in Punjab (ten-year retrospective study 1976-1985). PMID- 3229796 TI - Altered mucin secretion at the resection margin in colorectal cancer. PMID- 3229798 TI - A clinico-pathological study of carcinoma stomach. PMID- 3229799 TI - Cytologic study of soft tissue tumours examined by fine needle aspiration. PMID- 3229800 TI - Clinical distribution and antibiotic resistance pattern of salmonellae isolated during twelve months in Solapur. PMID- 3229801 TI - Bacteriophage types of Salmonella typhi in Haryana. A 11 years study. PMID- 3229802 TI - Isolation of Salmonella agona (4, 12:f, g, s:) for the first time in India. PMID- 3229803 TI - Susceptibility of epidemic strains of Shigella to ofloxacin and other antimicrobials. PMID- 3229804 TI - Fine needle aspiration cytology of epididymal nodules. PMID- 3229805 TI - Selection of laboratory equipment. PMID- 3229806 TI - Abscess thyroid due to Salmonella cholerae-suis--a rare presentation of salmonellosis. PMID- 3229807 TI - Congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type. PMID- 3229808 TI - Disseminated blastomycosis--a case report. PMID- 3229809 TI - Concomitant occurrence of oral submucous fibrosis, pemphigus and squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 3229810 TI - Drug induced hepatic damage. PMID- 3229811 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis and cryoglobulinemia. PMID- 3229812 TI - Growth of term infants in early neonatal period: correlation among weight, length, and head size changes. PMID- 3229813 TI - Endoscopic removal of ingested foreign bodies. PMID- 3229814 TI - Superstitions in pediatric illnesses among rural mothers. PMID- 3229816 TI - Esophageal foreign body: an unusual presentation. PMID- 3229815 TI - Hydrometrocolpos with respiratory distress. PMID- 3229817 TI - Congenital hepatic fibrosis without renal involvement. PMID- 3229818 TI - Constitutional aplastic anemia. PMID- 3229819 TI - Endoscopic dilatation of esophageal strictures. PMID- 3229820 TI - Airway obstruction due to Ascaris lumbricoides. PMID- 3229821 TI - HAV superinfection in HBsAg carriers. PMID- 3229822 TI - Perinatal iron deficiency and ICC. PMID- 3229823 TI - Duodenal varices. PMID- 3229824 TI - Serum IgE concentration in children with ascariasis. PMID- 3229825 TI - Nasogastric tube obstruction by Ascaris lumbricoides. PMID- 3229826 TI - Neglected nipple care and lactation failure. PMID- 3229827 TI - Depressed fracture skull in a newborn delivered by cesarean section. PMID- 3229828 TI - Vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 3229830 TI - Colorectal cancer. PMID- 3229829 TI - Colorectal cancer. Scope of the problem. AB - The extent of the problem of colorectal cancer is discussed. The need for early identification of the disease for cure is emphasized. The need for research into markers for early detection of disease as well as research into therapy for patients with established nonresectable cancer are also emphasized. PMID- 3229831 TI - Repair of complete acromioclavicular dislocation (Tossy stage III) using Balser's hook plate combined with ligament sutures. AB - A total of 57 consecutive cases of complete acromioclavicular dislocations are reported. They were treated by open reduction and Balser's hook plate fixation supplemented by ligament suture. PMID- 3229832 TI - Digital nerve injuries in orthopaedic surgeons. AB - Accidents during a surgical procedure can occur to both the surgeon and the patient. In order to assess the occurrence of hand injuries amongst surgeons a survey of digital nerve injuries was carried out. The incidence (15%) was disappointingly high and the majority of penetrating injuries occurred during surgery. The risk of infection to both patient and surgeon is emphasized. PMID- 3229833 TI - External fixation and recovery of function following fractures of the distal radius in young adults. AB - The functional recovery from Colles' fracture was studied prospectively over a 1 year period in 106 patients randomized to treatment by plaster or external fixation. Although external fixation allows immediate mobilization of the wrist and leads to a much better anatomical result, these factors did not permit any improvement in the wrist's early functional recovery. One year following injury the grip strength of the fixator-treated group was significantly superior to that of the plaster-treated patients. PMID- 3229834 TI - Local anaesthetic toxicity of haematoma blocks in manipulation of Colles' fractures. AB - Nine patients undergoing manipulation of Colles' fractures with varying doses of local anaesthetic injected into the fracture haematoma, were investigated by monitoring the arterial levels of lignocaine. Although the procedure was considered satisfactory by all patients, potentially toxic concentrations of lignocaine were found in the arterial circulation, reaching a maximum after manipulation of the fracture. A mean peak level of 2625 micrograms/l was found when 10 ml of 2 per cent lignocaine was used and a mean peak level of 846 micrograms/l in patients receiving 10 ml of 1 per cent lignocaine. PMID- 3229835 TI - Fracture of the lower leg with involvement of the posterior malleolus; a neglected combination? AB - In 17 of 148 fractures of the leg (11.5 per cent) we found an isolated fracture of the posterior malleolus of the tibia as a sign of associated injury of the ankle joint. In two cases there was even disruption of the anterior syndesmosis. All fractures of the tibia were oblique and closed without severe soft tissue injury and caused by a rotational force with low energy. In fracture of the leg of this specific type a radiological examination of the ankle joint in search for a posterior malleolar fracture is needed. If present, instability of the distal tibio-fibular joint must be excluded. PMID- 3229837 TI - Early osteoarthritis in young sportsmen with severe anterolateral instability of the knee. AB - In a retrospective study of patients presenting with symptoms of knee instability, 16 patients were discovered who had developed severe chondromalacia or osteoarthritis of the femoral condyles. All of the patients gave a history of a previous severe knee injury occurring in their teenage years and all had continued to play competitive sport. Ten of the group had subsequent meniscal injuries requiring surgery. In nine of the group previous arthroscopic or open joint procedures had demonstrated normal femoral joint cartilage. There was no difference in the degree of degeneration in those who had had a meniscectomy as compared with those who had not had meniscal damage. It is concluded that severe anterolateral instability is a cause of early degenerative joint disease in young athletes even in the absence of meniscal damage and that they should be strongly advised against participating in active sport until the joint has been stabilized. PMID- 3229836 TI - The timing of surgery for intertrochanteric femoral fractures. AB - The effect of the timing of operative treatment on the mortality and morbidity of a consecutive series of 230 patients with intertrochanteric fractures of the femur has been studied. It was found that the mortality rate was not influenced by the timing of surgical treatment. Loss of mobility and the frequency of pressure sores and chest infections were also not influenced by the timing of surgery. Those patients who underwent early operative treatment had a lower rate of urinary tract infection, but this was partially due to the better general health of these patients. It is concluded that the timing of operative treatment of these fractures is not an important determinant of outcome. PMID- 3229838 TI - Experience with the A.O. locking femoral nail. AB - A series of 21 fractures of the femur unsuitable for ordinary closed nailing have been treated using the A.O. locking femoral nail. The results obtained have been good with one case of non-union and no cases of deep infection, despite the complex nature of the fractures. The procedure is technically demanding and exposes the surgeon to the risks of ionizing radiation. Practical points to simplify the procedure and reduce exposure to radiation are discussed. PMID- 3229839 TI - Humeral medullary nailing--a new implant. AB - A new technique of medullary nailing of the humerus using a screw-headed nail is described. Eighteen patients with two-part fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus were reviewed. Fifteen had satisfactory results while three were unsatisfactory. Nine patients with fractures of the shaft of the humerus were also treated with satisfactory results in eight. Three patients with non-union of the humerus had unsatisfactory results. PMID- 3229840 TI - Internal fixation of the oblique, osteoporotic fracture of the lateral malleolus. AB - A simple technique of internal fixation for Weber type B fractures of the lateral malleolus in the elderly osteoporotic patient is described. PMID- 3229841 TI - An experience of war surgery and wounds presenting after 3 days on the border of Afghanistan. AB - The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has run hospitals for the wounded of the conflict in Afghanistan since 1981. For political and geographical reasons the hospitals are situated in Pakistan, some distance from the fighting, and so the wounded may take many days to arrive. This has enabled a surgical team provided by the British Red Cross Society to observe wounds of varying age and degrees of putrefaction or healing. Twenty-nine (29) patients with wounds of 3 or more days are detailed. The old wounds showed a tendency either to putrefaction or healing and the surgical management had to be revised accordingly. Wounds sutured in the field tended to putrefy. Among the various problems, the most taxing and difficult were the cultural and religious objections to amputation. The ICRC is committed to providing surgical hospitals for the Afghan war wounded for as long as the conflict lasts. It has adapted the local facilities and staff to the particular political, geographical and cultural situation. PMID- 3229842 TI - An outcome predictive score for sepsis and death following injury. AB - Injury is an important cause of both morbidity and mortality, particularly in the young. Scoring systems have been developed to establish guidelines of transfer and compare patient outcome, but no scoring system as yet has been constructed that focuses upon immune capability of these patients. We report an outcome predictive score (OPS) which appears to distinguish good outcome from sepsis in patients who survive, and between patients with sepsis who survive from patients with sepsis who die. The score is based on (1) Injury severity score (ISS) expressed as percentage of the 50 per cent lethal dose of injury for age (%LD50), (2) Degree of bacterial contamination at initial injury, (3) The patient's monocyte DR antigen expression. Fifty-one severely injured patients were divided into three groups: (1) A group without infection (N = 15), (2) A major sepsis group which survived (N = 24), (3) A group who died (N = 12). There was no difference between the ISS of these groups. The mean OPS of the good outcome group was significantly less than the mean OPS of both the septic (P less than 0.0002) and dead (P less than 0.00001) groups. The mean OPS of the septic group was also significantly less than the mean of the group that died (P less than 0.002). Identification of high risk patients may be important to determine priority of patient care and to institute additional therapeutic measures. PMID- 3229843 TI - Outcome of closed injuries exceeding 20-unit blood transfusion need. AB - A series of 129 patients with closed injuries receiving more than 20 units (1 unit = 500 ml) of blood within the first 48 h of accident was analysed. The transfusion policy included type-specific crossmatched whole blood stored with citrate phosphate-adenine as the main replacement. One unit of fresh whole blood was transfused for every 5 to 6 units of stored blood. Also platelet concentrates and fresh frozen plasma were in routine use. The patients required 340 surgical procedures, on average 2.6 per patient. Thrombocytopenia with a lowest recorded platelet count of less than 100,000/mm3 occurred in 81 patients (63 per cent) of whom 18 had disseminated intravascular coagulation. This serious complication seemed to be associated with large retroperitoneal blood accumulations, the latter possibly acting as an enhancing factor. The mortality rate in the whole series was slightly lower than recorded previously in the literature. Among patients receiving 21 to 39 blood units the mortality was 25 per cent and among those receiving 40 units or more the mortality was 52 per cent. PMID- 3229844 TI - Subacute Salmonella osteomyelitis following a greenstick fracture of the radius. PMID- 3229845 TI - Transverse divergent dislocation of the elbow. PMID- 3229846 TI - Cullen's sign: a new association with central dislocation of the hip joint. PMID- 3229847 TI - Vertical intercondylar dislocation of the patella. PMID- 3229848 TI - Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle: a caveat. PMID- 3229849 TI - Multiple fractures in a young diabetic patient. AB - Multiple fractures in a patient with juvenile diabetes mellitus are reported. The fractures could be spontaneous due to osteopenia caused by reduced bone mass found in diabetic patients. Bone and joint changes had a severe progression due to diabetic neuropathy. The importance of clinical and radiological examination is emphasized. PMID- 3229850 TI - Radial forearm flap cover of the elbow joint. AB - Three clinical cases are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the radial artery forearm flap in the repair of defects over the elbow joint. Incorporation of a segment of vascularized muscle may be indicated where intra-articular infection is present. The secondary defect in the distal forearm was covered by split skin graft and was free of problems in each case. PMID- 3229851 TI - Traction injuries to the brachial artery caused by power take-off mechanisms. PMID- 3229852 TI - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: an unusual presentation. PMID- 3229853 TI - Right-sided diaphragmatic rupture with herniation of the kidney presenting as an uncontrolled haemothorax--a case report. PMID- 3229854 TI - Pseudocyst of the spleen after closed abdominal injury. PMID- 3229855 TI - Rugby and neck injuries. PMID- 3229856 TI - Antigenic contraction of guinea pig tracheal preparations passively sensitized with monoclonal IgE: pharmacological modulation. AB - Spirally cut guinea pig tracheal preparations were passively sensitized using a mouse monoclonal IgE antibody against dinitrophenol (DNP). Maximal contraction observed following challenge with DNP-bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA, 5 micrograms/ml; n = 20) response was approximately 46% of the histamine response (0.52 +/- 0.09 g/mm2; n = 53). Indomethacin (1.7 microM) increased and PGE2 (1 microM) decreased the response to the antigen. FPL 55712 (10 microM), atropine (0.1 microM), L 651392 (5 microM) or tripelennamine (1 microM) always reduced the maximal DNP-BSA response, but not BN 52021 (100 microM). This model may be used for rapid detection of compounds with antiallergic properties on IgE-dependent lung pathological states. PMID- 3229857 TI - Progesterone assay by inhibition of reverse passive haemagglutination. AB - An assay for the steroid hormone progesterone is described based on the inhibition of the agglutination by progesterone-bovine serum albumin conjugate of red cells coupled with monoclonal antiprogesterone antibody (reverse passive haemagglutination). A low-affinity agglutination system produced the optimal sensitivity, capable of detecting less than 1 ng/ml steroid. This assay has the simplicity and sensitivity for a potential clinical test for placental or corpus luteum function. It also serves as a model for detection of other small ligands (drugs, hormones) by inhibition of reverse passive haemagglutination. PMID- 3229858 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte and monocyte responses in vitro by 9-deoxy-delta 9 prostaglandin D2 and 9-deoxy-delta 9-delta 12-prostaglandin D2. AB - The effects of 9-deoxy-delta 9-prostaglandin D2 (PGJ2) and 9-deoxy-delta 9-delta 12-prostaglandin D2 (delta 12PGJ2), which are metabolites of PGD2, on lymphocyte and monocyte reactions were studied in vitro. Expression of various phenotypic markers of lymphocyte subsets, as detected by monoclonal antibodies, was not affected by overnight incubation in 3 x 10(-5) M PGJ2. Phytohemagglutinin stimulation and natural killer activity of lymphocytes was reduced by PGJ2 and delta 12 PGJ2. Monocyte reactivity to 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, as assessed by chemiluminescence, was stimulated by preincubation of the cells for 1 h in 3 x 10(-5) M PGJ2 or delta 12 PGJ2. Such an augmentation was not exerted by PGD2. PMID- 3229859 TI - Human monoclonal antibody against human lymphocytic cells. A human monoclonal antibody that reacts preferentially with human lymphocytic cells. AB - Human monoclonal antibodies may replace human or xenogeneic antisera and mouse monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic applications. The human IgM monoclonal antibody Ha6D3 was produced after in vitro immunization and fusion with a mouse myeloma. Its reactivity against human normal and leukemic cells was investigated in cytotoxicity assays, and the antigen distribution in normal tissues was investigated with biotinylated Ha6D3 and avidin-peroxidase complexes. It was shown that Ha6D3 reacts preferentially with human lymphocytic cells. Only moderate reactions with epithelial cells in some organs were observed in cryostat sections, but because of poor accessibility in vivo these reactions were considered to be negligible. PMID- 3229861 TI - A new group of defibrillatory drugs in the classification of antiarrhythmic agents. AB - Ventricular antiarrhythmic therapy is aimed traditionally at preventing arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation. Recently, a new approach has been introduced, where drug therapy facilitates the ability of the heart for spontaneous defibrillation. The chemical features and the electrophysiologic properties are discussed below. The introduction of this new group of defibrillating antiarrhythmic drugs implies the extension of the common classification of antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 3229860 TI - Localization of antibody-secreting cells against human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines using the enzyme-linked immunospot assay. AB - The enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used to detect antibody-secreting cells from mice immunized against three human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (Colo 205, SW 620, and SW 1116) on dishes coated with these cell lines. Antibody secreting cells were detected by the development of a dark granular precipitate ('spot') using immunoenzymatic techniques where secreted antibody had bound to cell surface antigen. Spots can be detected by the naked eye and can be enumerated under low-power magnification. This method is specific, easily performed, versatile, and, together with conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, allows for quantification of secreted antibody. PMID- 3229862 TI - Evaluation of biochemical functions and ventricular performance in regional ischemic-reperfused myocardium by afterload reduction: differential effects of calcium blocking and non-calcium blocking vasodilators. AB - The effects of afterload reduction with and without calcium blockade on reperfusion injury were studied in the pig. Reversible occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed for 60 minutes followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. For 15 minutes prior to and throughout reperfusion, treatment was administered with a calcium blocker (nifedipine or verapamil), a metallic organic dye and Ca2+ antagonist (ruthenium red), a vasodilator (nitroprusside), or saline. Biochemical functions, i.e., mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, myocardial ATP and Ca2+ content, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake were determined. Regional left ventricular wall motion was measured echocardiographically. Nifedipine and ruthenium red improved biochemical indices of ischemic myocardium in part by reducing afterload and thereby reducing oxygen demand and in part by reducing calcium entry into cells and mitochondria. Verapamil in the doses used failed to reduce afterload and demonstrated no salutary effect on biochemical parameters in ischemic myocardium. Nitroprusside reduced afterload, improved mitochondrial ATP production and increased percent wall thickening. Our findings suggest that afterload reduction with and without calcium blockade during the early reperfusion phase improves ischemic myocardium. These changes are predominantly biochemical in nature. PMID- 3229863 TI - The effects of phospholipase A2 inhibition on experimental infarct size, left ventricular hemodynamics and regional myocardial blood flow. AB - It has been reported that activation of phospholipase A2 and the subsequent degradation of membrane phospholipids are responsible for irreversible myocardial injury. Thus, we examined whether a phospholipase A2 inhibitor 1-(benzylmethyl amino)-3-[(alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)oxy]-2- propanol hydrochloride, can reduce myocardial necrosis after coronary artery occlusion. In 14 anesthetized dogs, 1 minute after coronary occlusion, 99mTc-labeled albumin microspheres (8 mCi) were injected into the left atrium for future assessment of the hypoperfused zone. After 15 minutes, the dogs were randomized to a control group (n = 7) and a treated group (n = 7, 2 mg/kg i.v.). After 6 hours, infarct size and hypoperfused zones were measured using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and autoradiography, respectively. The hypoperfused zone, as a percentage of the left ventricle, was 26 +/- 3% and 23 +/- 1% in the control and the treated groups (NS), respectively. The percentage of the hypoperfused zone that evolved to necrosis was 98 +/- 4% in the control group and 45 +/- 10% in the treated group (P less than 0.001) showing a reduction of 54%. By weight, in the control group, necrosis involved 26 +/- 4 g of the left ventricle while in the treated group it was 9 +/- 2 g (P less than 0.005). In 6 additional dogs, left ventricular hemodynamics and regional myocardial blood flow were studied before and after treatment i.e., 15 and 30 minutes after coronary occlusion, respectively. Phospholipase A2 inhibitor did not acutely change heart rate, aortic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic and systolic pressures, left ventricular dP/dt and regional myocardial blood flow. Thus, phospholipase A2 inhibitor salvaged the acutely ischemic myocardium, reducing necrosis by over 50% in the canine model. It is postulated that since this effect was not related to the studied hemodynamic parameters and regional myocardial blood flow, it may be related to the preservation of membrane integrity. PMID- 3229864 TI - Clinical experience of pumped arteriovenous haemofiltration in the management of patients in oliguric renal failure following cardiothoracic surgery. AB - Pumped continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration offers a means of managing oliguric renal failure. We report our experience with the use of this technique in the management of patients with oliguric renal failure complicating cardiothoracic surgery, and conclude that it allows management of this complication without transfer to a renal unit. PMID- 3229865 TI - Dilated cardiomyopathy: long-term follow-up and predictors of survival. AB - To determine long-term survival and the prognostic factors of dilated cardiomyopathy, we retrospectively studied a consecutive series of 111 patients (95 men, 16 women, mean age: 45.5 +/- 8.1 years) undergoing cardiac catheterization and diagnostic coronary angiography from January 1970 to December 1979. The inclusion criteria were: normal coronary angiography, diffuse hypokinesia of the left ventricle and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50%. Base-line clinical data were collected from the hospital records and follow-up data were obtained from the general practitioners and cardiologists. A questionnaire was sent to all living patients. The length of follow-up ranged from 6 to 16 years. Six patients (5%) were lost to follow-up. At the time of catheterization, a majority of the patients had dyspnea and were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes II (41%) and III (31%). Clinical history revealed an excessive alcohol consumption in 56% of the patients. During follow up, 66 patients (63%) died (heart failure: 37%; sudden death: 19%; non-cardiac death: 15%; unknown cause: 27%). Actuarial survival was 90, 50, and 33% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that 10-year mortality was related to: left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%; left ventricular end-diastolic pressure greater than 10 mm Hg; cardiothoracic ratio greater than 54%; episodes of heart failure; left ventricular end-diastolic volume greater than 200 ml/m2, dyspnea of NYHA class III or IV; absence of smoking; absence of moderate systemic hypertension; electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and mean systemic arterial pressure greater than 95 mm Hg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229866 TI - Spectrum of treadmill exercise responses in Africans with normotension, essential hypertension and hypertensive heart failure. AB - Hypertension is an important and common risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Africans. In Africans, hypertension carries a more dismal prognosis for target organ damage. We therefore studied the influence of blood pressure on treadmill exercise performance in normotensives, hypertensives and patients with hypertensive heart failure, matched for age and sex. The spectrum of response was a progressive diminution of the systolic rise in blood pressure during exercise, exercise-induced tachycardia, exercise time, and maximal oxygen intake. There was an increase in functional aerobic impairment with a rank order from normotensives to WHO I hypertensives, then WHO II, with a non-linear extreme rise with the onset of heart failure. The results indicate that impaired exercise performance in African hypertensives occurs with the onset of ventricular hypertrophy, and that this is accentuated by the neuroendocrine response in congestive heart failure. PMID- 3229867 TI - Early intervention with propranolol after acute myocardial infarction: serial left ventricular function determined by M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography. AB - Fifty patients (mean age 48.6 +/- 9.4 years) with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to propranolol therapy (n = 25) or placebo (n = 25) in a double-blind manner within 24 hours of their presentation with acute symptoms. M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography were performed at one week and three months to evaluate the left ventricular function. A comparison of the two groups revealed that the group receiving propranolol had higher left ventricular ejection fraction (69% vs 52%, P less than 0.001), fractional shortening (32% vs 24%, P less than 0.01), lower mitral E-point septal separation (6 mm vs 14 mm, P less than 0.001) and wall motion abnormality score (2.5 vs 6.0, P less than 0.001) than the group receiving placebo therapy. At three months there was further significant improvement in wall motion abnormality score (1.1 vs 2.5, P less than 0.001) in the propranolol-treated group as compared to the placebo group, whereas the other parameters remained unchanged. We conclude that the left ventricular function detected by M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography showed significant improvement in patients with acute myocardial infarction after early intervention with propranolol. This is possibly due to a reduction in the size of infarction. PMID- 3229868 TI - Atrial septal defect with cyanosis without pulmonary hypertension or anomalous systemic venous drainage to the left atrium. AB - A case of a 29-year-old patient with cyanosis due to a right-to-left shunt is reported. This patient presented an atrial septal defect within the oval fossa and an anomalous left superior caval vein. The direction of this shunt is explained by the anatomical relationship between the oval fossa and the dilated coronary sinus, draining venous blood into the left atrium across the atrial septal defect. Cyanosis disappeared after surgical correction of the defect. PMID- 3229869 TI - Complete transposition with posteriorly located aorta and multiple ventricular septal defects. AB - A case of complete transposition with posterior aorta and multiple ventricular septal defects is reported. One perimembranous defect, diagnosed preoperatively, was closed while performing a Mustard operation. Three coexisting muscular ventricular septal defects, however, were missed and posed considerable problems at surgery. Although not previously reported, it should be possible to diagnose this condition preoperatively with a view to correction. PMID- 3229870 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nilvadipine after single oral doses in healthy volunteers. AB - Forty healthy male Caucasian volunteers were randomly assigned to five treatment groups to receive a placebo or a 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 mg dose of nilvadipine. The drug was well tolerated by the subjects at all dose levels. Pharmacokinetic parameters for nilvadipine were determined using model-independent methods. There were no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) in the time to the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) (tmax), the elimination half-life or the mean residence time among the five treatment groups. Up to doses of about 12 mg, there was a linear relationship between dose and Cmax or area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUCO----infinity). At doses of 16 and 20 mg, the relationship between dose and Cmax or AUCO----infinity was no longer linear, suggesting that the pharmacokinetics of the drug after single oral doses greater than about 12 mg may be dose-dependent, probably due to concentration-dependent first-pass hepatic elimination of the drug. PMID- 3229871 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics after a single oral dose of oxilofrine. AB - In a combined pharmacokinetic and clinical trial the correlation was investigated between plasma levels of oxilofrine and the haemodynamic effects on eight healthy volunteers after an oral dose of 120 mg oxilofrine. Plasma levels of free oxilofrine were measured by capillary gas chromatography mass fragmentography. Cardiovascular as well as echocardiographic parameters (left ventrical extent and velocity of fractional shortening) have been measured. The results pharmacokinetically showed a marked enterohepatic reabsorption profile with a second oxilofrine plasma peak occurring in between the second and third hours. The heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure remained unchanged. The total peripheral resistance was deceased on average. Systolic blood pressure increased by a maximum of 13.8%, the diastolic decreased by 8.8%. Increasing of the extent of left ventrical fractional shortening by 20.9% and the velocity by 29.5% indicated a positive inotropic effect, which was long lasting and not accompanied by chronotropic effects. There is a direct positive correlation between oxilofrine plasma levels and the extent of fractional shortening of left ventrical diameter (r = 0.981). PMID- 3229872 TI - Effect of benazepril, a converting enzyme inhibitor, on plasma levels and activity of acenocoumarol and warfarin. AB - The effect of benazepril (CGS 14824), 20 mg/day orally, on the steady-state pharmaco-dynamics and plasma levels of the anticoagulants, warfarin and acenocoumarol, was studied in healthy volunteers. The anticoagulant activity of acenocoumarol was not affected by benazepril; there was an apparent slight but statistically significant reduction of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. The magnitude of the inhibitory effect was considered not to be clinically important. There was no effect of benazepril on plasma steady-state levels of either anticoagulants. PMID- 3229873 TI - Study of plasma, urine and gastric juice concentrations of famotidine using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - An improved method for the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of famotidine, a recently introduced inhibitor of histamine H2 receptors, has been devised. Plasma, urine and gastric juice concentrations of famotidine have been measured in a series of 46 patients hospitalized for gastrointestinal disorders and for other unrelated pathologies, after a single oral dose of 40 mg. Pharmacokinetic data confirmed previously described trends of distribution and metabolism of famotidine, attaining peak plasma levels 1.5-2.0 h after oral administration and high urine levels, in unmodified form, between two and twelve hours. This simple HPLC method may be adopted for monitoring plasma concentrations of famotidine in patients, for assessing patient compliance in taking the drug by measuring urine levels and for examining the relationship between plasma famotidine concentration and the antisecretory effect. PMID- 3229874 TI - Mental impairment in aging: selection of patients, methods of evaluation and therapeutic possibilities of acetyl-L-carnitine. AB - The authors carried out a double-blind study in two randomized homogeneous groups of both sexes of 15 patients each, over 65 years of age and suffering from mild mental impairment. One group of patients underwent therapy with acetyl-L carnitine, 2 g/day for three months, while the other group was treated with a placebo. The statistical evaluation of the results were carried out using nonparametric methods (Friedman-Nemenyi two-way Anova and Mann Whitney U-Test). However, the two groups did not differ significantly in either test at the end of treatment. It is possible to affirm that the acetyl-L-carnitine treated patients showed statistically significant improvement in the behavioural performances (Blessed Dementia Scale p less than 0.02; Stuard Hospital Geriatric Rating Scale p less than 0.01), in the memory tests (Rey short-term p less than 0.02; Rey long term p less than 0.05; Corsi p less than 0.05), in the attention test (Barrage test p less than 0.01) and in the Verbal Fluency test p less than 0.01). PMID- 3229875 TI - Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of buflomedil in intermittent claudication. AB - In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, buflomedil was shown to cause a significant increase both in median claudication provoking time from 63 sec (range: 24-136 sec) to 124 sec (range: 53-261 sec) (p less than 0.01), and in maximum walking distance (MWD) from 169m (range: 157-308 m) to 293 m (range: 107 429 m) (p less than 0.01). The MWD after three months' buflomedil treatment was also significantly (p = 0.05) prolonged when compared with the MWD in the appropriate placebo group. In contrast, treatment with the placebo caused no significant change in these indices. Subjective improvement was observed in 12 out of 14 patients on buflomedil, whilst it occurred in only 6 out of 14 patients on the placebo (p less than 0.05). The clinical improvement was not associated with an increase in the ankle pressure index or a reduction in platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 release. PMID- 3229877 TI - The correspondence section. PMID- 3229876 TI - Cutaneous torsion stress alias the decubitus ulcer: a felony. PMID- 3229878 TI - Mandatory HIV testing. PMID- 3229879 TI - Evidence for the tumor necrosis factor/cachectin production in cancer. PMID- 3229880 TI - Pseudallescheria boydii mycetoma in northern New England. AB - Mycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous fungal infection characterized by tumefaction, draining sinuses, and grains. It is most common in the tropics but occasionally occurs in the United States. We report a case of a mycetoma affecting the foot of a 38-year-old mentally retarded man from northern New England. The causal organism was identified as Pseudallescheria boydii, the most common cause of mycetoma in the United States. The patient showed a partial response to 8 months of ketoconazole therapy. PMID- 3229881 TI - Tinea capitis in adults. AB - Tinea capitis is regarded as rare in healthy adults. A study of 46 adults presenting with scalp problems with no other identifiable cause and 26 asymptomatic adult contacts of children with tinea capitis was undertaken. The confirmation of tinea capitis in 9 of 46 patients and 5 carriers among 26 adult contacts suggests that tinea capitis may affect healthy adults more often than was supposed. Further epidemiologic studies may be of interest. PMID- 3229883 TI - Phaeohyphomycosis due to coelomycetes organisms. PMID- 3229882 TI - Hendersonula toruloidea infection in Thailand. AB - Hendersonula toruloidea infection is present in Thailand, where the clinical picture of tinea pedis is scales 61%, erythema 22%, maceration 10.8%, and hyperkeratosis 9%. The diagnosis was confirmed by repeated isolation of H. toruloidea. The slow-growing type was found more often than the fast-growing in the ratio of 2.8:1. In patients with H. toruloidea infection, skin test with Hs antigen of 1:10 was positive. Griseofulvin sensitivity test revealed that the MIC of 20 cultures was more than 100 micrograms/ml. Only 2 out of 93 cases (0.02%) were cured with half-strength Whitfield ointment for 4 months. Pathomechanism of the infection is being studied. PMID- 3229884 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting as disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis. PMID- 3229885 TI - Mycetoma due to Acremonium falciforme. PMID- 3229886 TI - Eosinophilic cellulitis caused by arthropod bites. PMID- 3229887 TI - Immune responses in disseminated necrotizing histoid leprosy. PMID- 3229888 TI - Sunlight-induced radiation recall. PMID- 3229889 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions in psoriasis. AB - Circulating polymorphonuclear leukocyte (CPMN) functions were studied in patients with widespread psoriasis as well as in persons with chronic alcoholic liver disease (CALD), paracoccidioidomycosis, diverse granulomatous diseases, and normal individuals. We were unable to find stimulation or increase in CPMN functions in patients with psoriasis compared to normal individuals. Leukocytes from individuals with CALD had a lowering of their metabolic activation, chemotaxis, random movement, and adherence. CPMNs from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis showed a significant deficiency in their ability to digest Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Our results are against the concept that functions of circulating PMNs are stimulated in psoriatics. PMID- 3229890 TI - Hypertrophic lichen planus and light sensitivity in an HIV-positive patient. AB - A 40-year-old black man who was HIV positive developed generalized hypertrophic lichen planus in areas previously affected by a photosensitivity eruption. After unsuccessful attempts to induce remission of his lichen planus with conventional therapies, etretinate produced a dramatic response. PMID- 3229891 TI - Linear rheumatoid nodule. PMID- 3229892 TI - Erythema multiforme-like eruption from trinitrotoluene allergy. PMID- 3229893 TI - Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. PMID- 3229894 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum of the scalp. PMID- 3229895 TI - Fibroepithelial polyps with atypical stromal cells (pseudosarcoma botryoides) of vulva and vagina. A report of 13 cases. AB - Thirteen cases of female genital tract fibroepithelial polyps containing atypical stromal cells are described, eight arising from the vulva, a site of origin not previously reported. These tumours must be differentiated from sarcoma botryoides, which they resemble both grossly and microscopically. Although fibroepithelial polyps are benign, two of our cases recurred after incomplete excision. PMID- 3229896 TI - Glassy cell carcinoma of the fallopian tube. A case report. AB - A 31-year-old woman, 10 weeks postpartum, presented with a right adnexal mass. The neoplasm was found to originate from the right fallopian tube and a right salpingoophorectomy was performed. Pathological examination found an adenosquamous carcinoma with features characteristic of a glassy cell carcinoma as described in the uterine cervix. The finding of this neoplasm in the fallopian tube suggests that it may be a tumor type common to the entire mullerian system. PMID- 3229897 TI - Liposome-bound cyclosporine: aqueous and vitreous level after subconjunctival injection. AB - The concentration of cyclosporine in the aqueous and vitreous humors of albino rabbits was measured, using HPLC at intervals of 24, 48, 96, and 192 hours after subconjunctival injections of 2.5 mg of free or liposome-bound cyclosporine. The aqueous concentration was reasonably high in both groups until day 4: 1050 nanograms per milliliter in the group receiving free cyclosporine, and 1438 nanograms per milliliter in the group receiving liposome-bound cyclosporine. The vitreous concentration was very low in both groups. PMID- 3229898 TI - Liposome-bound cyclosporine: retinal toxicity after intravitreal injection. AB - The retinal toxicity of intraocular liposome-bound cyclosporine was studied in albino rabbits by means of electrophysiology and histopathology. During a followup period of one month, no histopathological or electroretinographic changes were noted using concentrations of 100, 200 and 500 micrograms injected intravitreally. PMID- 3229899 TI - Liposome-bound cyclosporine: clearance after intravitreal injection. AB - The concentration of cyclosporine in the vitreous after intravitreal injection of 100 micrograms of either free or liposome-bound cyclosporine was studied in albino rabbits. We found that the half-life of free cyclosporine was about 6 hours and that of liposome-bound cyclosporine was about 3 days. The finding indicates that liposome-bound cyclosporine prolongs the availability of the drug. PMID- 3229900 TI - A review of intraocular foreign body injuries and complications in N. Ireland from 1978-1986. AB - In a study of 95 patients with intraocular foreign body injuries presenting in the eight year period from 1978-1986 we found the overall visual results to be good with 62% of patients achieving a final visual acuity of 6/18 or better. The factors leading to a poor visual result were a large intraocular foreign body, poor presenting visual acuity and the presence of posterior vitreo-retinal complications. We support the removal of dense vitreous haemorrhage to reduce the risk of retinal traction. PMID- 3229901 TI - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: nonarteritic form in small and giant cell arteritis in normal sized optic discs. AB - By estimating cup/disc ratios in fellow eyes it has been assumed that nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) occurs more often in small optic nerve heads. Correcting the photographic magnification we used absolute size units to measure 33 affected and 25 fellow optic discs with nonarteritic AION and 7 affected and 7 fellow optic nerve heads with arteritic AION. The affected and fellow discs with nonarteritic AION (2.37 + -0.29 mm2 and 2.31 + 0.31 mm2) were significantly (p less than 0.001, Mann-Whitney-test) smaller than 457 normal optic nerve heads (2.69 + -0.70 mm2). They were significantly (p less than 0.001; Mann-Whitney-test) larger than optic nerve heads with pseudopapilledema or drusen. Affected and fellow optic nerve heads with arteritic AION were not significantly different in size from normal discs but significantly (p less than 0.005) larger than the discs affected by nonarteritic neuropathy. There were no significant form differences between the pathologic and normal discs. Optic disc morphometry can be helpful in the differentiation of nonarteritic and arteritic AION: Nonarteritic AION occurs more often in small optic discs, arteritic AION is more often in normal sized optic nerve heads. PMID- 3229902 TI - Evaluation of daunomycin toxicity on lens epithelium in vitro. AB - Posterior capsule opacification is the major complication of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). Lens epithelial cells derived from the periphery of the lens are thought to migrate posteriorly and contribute significantly to the postoperative proliferations at the posterior pole. We have evaluated the effects of the antiproliferative drug daunomycin on cultured porcine lens epithelial cell viability and proliferation. We observed that the mitotic activity of the cells is suppressed by a single short time treatment with daunomycin at a concentration as low as 2.5 mg/l. Long term effects on the reproductive capacity of the lens epithelial cells may not be as pronounced as the inhibition of other cells examined before e.g. retinal pigment epithelium and fibroblasts. Our results indicate that daunomycin may be useful for the pharmacologic prevention of postoperative proliferations in patients treated by ECCE. PMID- 3229903 TI - Retinal hemorrhages in malignant arterial hypertension. AB - We conducted a detailed investigation into retinal hemorrhages in renovascular malignant arterial hypertension experimentally produced in rhesus monkeys. The hypertension was produced by modified Goldblatt's procedures in 60 rhesus monkeys and hypertensive fundus changes were studied by ophthalmoscopy, stereoscopic color fundus photography and fluorescein fundus angiography. Our study revealed that, in hypertensive retinopathy due to malignant hypertension, retinal hemorrhages usually did not constitute either one of the earliest or one of the most conspicuous retinal lesions, but, on the contrary, were a minor feature of the retinopathy. Neither the time of onset of retinal hemorrhages nor their peak severity showed any significant correlation with the level of the arterial hypertension. The hemorrhages were usually situated in the nerve fiber layer, and could be located anywhere in the fundus but were usually found in the distribution of the radial peripapillary retinal capillaries. There was no association between the presence of retinal hemorrhages and retinal venous changes; the latter were seen only in a minority of animals and consisted of retinal venous stasis, venous collaterals and arteriovenous shunts. PMID- 3229904 TI - Wound healing strength: a comparative study of stainless steel blade excisions and contact Nd:YAG laser excisions. AB - A contact Nd:YAG laser with a sapphire tip was used to perform excisions in the eyelids of rabbits in order to compare the healing process and the wound strength to similar excisions made using a stainless steel blade. There was no bleeding from the excision made with the Nd:YAG laser; both groups showed similar wound strength and scars at the end of the experimental study. PMID- 3229905 TI - Primary angle closure glaucoma: extracapsular cataract extraction or filtering procedure? AB - An extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with posterior-chamber-IOL was performed in 21 eyes of 20 patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG; 2 suspects, 5 acute PACG, 14 chronic PACG). The ECCE was performed to improve the IOP. In 14 cases the ECCE was done in lieu of a filtering procedure. After the ECCE the anterior chamber deepened. The mean IOP was reduced from 31 mmHg preoperative to 16 mmHg postoperative. Only 5 eyes needed additional medication after the ECCE. The IOP was reduced even if extensive peripheral anterior synechiae were diagnosed or after failed filtering procedures. The only temporary complication was the IOP-peak in the immediate postoperative period. It is concluded that an ECCE with PC-IOL should be seriously considered as the procedure of choice in PACG instead of a filtering procedure (or instead of a combined procedure). PMID- 3229906 TI - Extrapolating global visual field indices from local parameters in the nasal region. AB - The local mean and the average difference of four pairs of test locations within the 26 degrees visual field, situated above and below the horizontal nasal meridian, were used to predict the global field indices MD and CLV of the Gl glaucoma program. Out of 539 examinations (194 eyes suspected of having glaucoma), the local indices NDIFF (describing asymmetrical behavior around the nasal horizontal meridian), ND0 (the mean defect in the nasal region), and the global indices MD and CLV were calculated. Seven hundred fifty-five examinations (446 normal eyes) served as a control group. First and second examinations of 146 glaucoma suspect eyes were used to calculate the retest reliability scores for the indices in question. When analyzing the glaucoma suspects, the local index NDIFF, together with the local mean defect, ND0, yielded highly reliable estimates of the global indices MD and CLV, with a retest correlation r = 0.86 for NDIFF, and r = 0.96 for ND0. The covariance of NDIFF with CLV was r = 0.67, while the co-variance of MD with ND0 was r = 0.95. The ranges of the local indices ND0 and NDIFF were each classified into 'normal range' and 'range of suspected pathology', in analogy to the normal and pathological ranges of the global field indices. Equivalence of the local indices with the corresponding ranges of MD and CLV was investigated and the results are shown. The establishment of local indices may prove to be a powerful tool in early detection of glaucomatous damage. PMID- 3229907 TI - Acuity perimetry: estimation of neural channels. AB - Measurements of peripheral visual acuity allow quantitative estimations of retino cortical neural channels. Analysis of results from high-pass resolution perimetry revealed that about 2/3 of all channels are contained within 30 degrees of visual field eccentricity and that loss of 1/3 raises the average threshold level about 1 decibel. The analytical procedure can be applied to any type of visual field defect. PMID- 3229909 TI - Canada: frustration envelopes AIDS conference. PMID- 3229908 TI - The tunable dye laser in the management of retinal vascular disease. PMID- 3229910 TI - HIV risk (still) low for health care workers. PMID- 3229911 TI - The UK leads the US in AIDS management. PMID- 3229912 TI - Update: reported AIDS cases by country (as of 31 August 1988) PMID- 3229913 TI - Guidelines for an AIDS policy in the workplace. PMID- 3229914 TI - Nursing research: some guidelines for practitioners. AB - In a state of rapid change, nursing over the last few years has become almost unrecognizable. And the profession, says Cushla Beckingham, has perhaps never been more divided. Some nurses (particularly those too senior to gain entry to tertiary courses) see a great chasm between tertiary-educated nurses and those who give "old-style" nursing care based on intuition. Indeed, the profession does consist of three separate groups--the educators and the practitioners (between which is a large gap) plus nurse managers. For Beckingham, research based on area of practice could be the uniting factor, particularly in the search for cost cutting programmes, as government funds for medical care diminish with each new budget. PMID- 3229915 TI - Models for leadership development. AB - With the current emphasis on developing nursing leaders, many developing countries are looking outside for a broader perspective and expertise upon which they can proceed with continuing education and higher-learning programmes for nurses. The possibilities are vast, yet not all models are appropriate for all countries. Nurses and educational institutions are thus constantly on the lookout for the answer to fit their particular needs. Below, two educators explore several models for continuing education programmes in developing countries. It is hoped that their recommendations will be but the start of the presentation in INR of other solutions (e.g. networking and sharing) and other models that use the expertise available in developing countries. To do this, INR is depending upon you, its readers (particularly from developing countries), to send in ideas and experience in this field. Your response--whether 30 or 300 lines--is welcome. PMID- 3229916 TI - How the UN is defending human rights. AB - Today some nurses are themselves victims of human rights violations (ranging from the extreme practice of torture to economic and social discrimination just because they are women), while others are witness to violations of the rights of their people or patients (minorities, indigenous population, AIDS sufferers, the mentally ill or children). But these injustices are not being ignored and nurses can help stop them. Since 40 years ago when the conscience of the world was awakened with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international instruments providing the legal clout and pressure to stop the oppressors have been set in motion and are working in some places. Unfortunately violations continue in a number of countries. There are numerous effective channels (see also Inside View), many through the UN. To mark the Declaration's 40th anniversary on December 10 and to give readers a better understanding of what the UN is doing to promote and protect the peoples of the world, INR below answers some questions that nurses may be asking, defines the treaties and shows what international machinery is available to realize those rights.* In a subsequent issue, INR will focus on nurses' involvement in torture and other inhuman treatment and their moral dilemma, giving the views of nurses who have cared for such victims. PMID- 3229917 TI - Pancreatic remnant abscess after resection for acute necrotising pancreatitis. AB - Pancreatic resection for acute necrotising pancreatitis was followed by abscess of the remnant in 14 out of 83 cases. Not even extensive pancreatic resection could prevent pancreatic remnant infection. The 14 cases of abscess are reviewed. Seven were fatal. Enterocutaneous fistula, commonly accompanied by sepsis and major bleeding, was identified in five patients, four of whom died. PMID- 3229918 TI - Anterior transposition of the third part of the duodenum in the management of chronic duodenal compression by the superior mesenteric artery. AB - Transposition of the third part of the duodenum anteriorly to the superior mesenteric vessels was performed in ten patients with chronic duodenal obstruction due to compression by the superior mesenteric artery (SMAS). Follow up evaluation showed that all the patients (a) had complete relief of their preoperative symptoms, (b) could tolerate normal diet postoperatively and (c) gained weight rapidly following surgery. There were no major complications or deaths among the patients so treated. The Author feels that this technique is more direct approach, aimed at permanently circumventing the obstruction for these groups of patients selected on the basis of the radiological, pathological and operative findings. The success encountered with the patients so treated would seem to confirm this impression. PMID- 3229919 TI - Surgical causes and management of female infertility in Nigeria. AB - An extensive review has been conducted into the various surgical causes of female infertility in a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. The results obtained by surgical management of the cases were analysed. The commonest cause of female infertility in Nigeria remains blockage of the Fallopian Tubes. Other common causes are uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, especially polycystic ovarian cysts. Two hundred and seventy-four patients were seen, and out of this number, one hundred and fifty patients were operated. Surgical management of these patients showed that myomectomy produced good results, while macrosurgical tubal surgery gave fair results. Various factors influencing the success rate have been analysed and discussed. Macrosurgical techniques can be expected to produce fairly good results if the surgeon is experienced, and adequate attention paid to haemostasis. PMID- 3229920 TI - Home-going: prognostic factors concerning the major goal in treatment of elderly hip fracture-patients. AB - Two hundred and forty-one hip fracture patients over 70 years of age still living at home at the moment of the accident were followed prospectively until three months postoperatively. The patients were admitted to the department over a five year period (1978-1983). One hundred and forty-four patients returned home. In order to predict whether an elderly hip fracture patient will be able to return home within three months, the following prognostic factors will have to be taken into account: pre-operative functional status (p = 0.0001), ambulatory capacity at discharge (p = 0.0001), age (p = 0.001), presence of relatives at home to return to (p = 0.02) and general medical postoperative complications (p = 0.0006). In this respect it was noted that sex, fracture type or mechanical complication with possible operation do not significantly influence the home going rate within three months after surgery (p greater than 0.05). PMID- 3229921 TI - Healing of the resected liver stump: its process and the significance of portal blood flow. AB - In an effort to investigate the healing process of resected liver stump and the significance of portal and hepatic arterial flow. In addition to hepatectomy in the first group, an arterial and a portal branch were ligated in the second and third groups, respectively. It was demonstrated that portal branch ligation influenced a delay in healing of resected liver stump rather than hepatic arterial branch ligation. It is assumed that portal blood flow is more responsible for liver stump healing as well as hepatic regeneration than is hepatic arterial flow. PMID- 3229922 TI - Effect of heparin on unidentified fever after hepatectomy. AB - The antipyretic effects of heparin on fever of unknown origin were investigated in three patients after hepatectomy. The elevated temperatures in these patients seemed to be due to a pyrogen as no definite evidence of infection was obtained. Heparin (100-150 IU per kg of body weight) was given every eight or 12 hours subcutaneously, and fever disappeared in all three patients. This antipyretic effect of heparin was considered due to the acceleration of the pyrogen clearing system. The major thrust of this report is the clinical usefulness of heparin for the management of pyrexia of unknown origin. PMID- 3229923 TI - Surgery of aggressive idiopathic proctocolitis and principles of rectal preservation. AB - During 1969-1985 seventy-one patients with aggressive idiopathic disease of the large intestine (i.e. ulcerative and Crohn's proctocolitis) were treated by colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis (IRA). In sixty-two of them proctitis was associated with colitis and required topical preparation of the rectum. The use of an antiphlogistic drug (6-methylprednisolone or betamethasone) in saline solution by daily enemas was followed by proctitis regression and permitted a safe IRA. After the surgical procedure the rectal treatment with the same drugs in smaller doses continued, so as to prevent long-term side effects. In some patients the steroid was replaced periodically by sulphasalazine per os or by 5 ASA per rectum in a daily maintenance dosage. This rectal care for unlimitated time has proved able to prevent recurrences of proctitis, while the epithelial recovery with regression of dysplasia gives protection against the risk of cancer. PMID- 3229925 TI - "Ring fixator" for treatment of lower leg fractures. A review of 30 cases treated by a new external fixation system. AB - Besides generally known therapeutic practice, indications can be discovered and more easily evaluated by using a "Ring Fixator". Applications include the following: (1) stage fractures of the tibia, (2) stabilisation of fractures of polytraumatized patients with no need for prior anatomical reduction and (3) closed lower limb fractures with severe soft tissue lesions. The major advantages of the "Ring Fixator" include the following: possible unlimited correction of primary and secondary dislocations without needing to transpose implanted Steinmann-pins or Schanz' screw; compatibility with ASIF external fixation systems for supplementary use of "Ring Fixator" elements; possible management of secondary dislocations and variable placement of pins or screws for subsequent wound debridement and muscle flap transposition. Results so far obtained using the "Ring Fixation" are illustrated by clinical examples. PMID- 3229924 TI - Acute intestinal obstruction as an initial presentation in Crohn's carcinoma. AB - A 40 years old female patient presenting with symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction was diagnosed as a case of adenocarcinoma superimposed on Crohn's disease. The diagnosis, as happens in most of these cases, was established post operatively on the basis of histopathological examination. Acute intestinal obstruction due to adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease as an initial presentation is very uncommon especially in this geographical area where Crohn's disease in itself is an uncommon disease entity. PMID- 3229926 TI - Magnetic imaging in the assessment of the lumbar disk. AB - NMR is becoming an established diagnostic modality in many of the medical specialties. Seventy-four patients who underwent lumbar spine scans in this series were positive for herniated disk. Of that group, 35 underwent either traditional laminectomy with disk excision (19) or chemonucleolysis (16). All of the positive studies were confirmed at the time of the therapeutic procedure. Among the negative studies (78), three patients persisted in their complaints of pain and underwent subsequent myelogram enhanced CAT scans of the lumbar spine. All of these were negative. There are no known ill-effects of magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3229927 TI - Orthopaedic treatment of paediatric multiple trauma patients. A new technique. AB - In multiple trauma, skeletal injuries are generally responsible for long hospital stays, with concomitant nursing inconveniences and for most of the sequelae. A new operating technique has been perfected, especially adapted to paediatric traumatology: stable elastic rodding, precise and less aggressive technique. It avoids plastering and traction systems, and rapidly restores sufficient independence for a return to school. It is especially useful in multiple trauma patients, where nursing facilities and easy transport may be very helpful. The hospital regularly uses this technique for patients over six years old with femur fractures, tibia fractures associated with a contralateral lower limb injury, and forearm fractures where conservative treatment has failed. PMID- 3229928 TI - Pouch ileitis in excluded reservoir: an unusual complication of restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. AB - One case of pouch ileitis after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis is described. Diagnosis was made by endoscopy, histology and electron microscopy. The most prominent feature was intense inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa, with atrophy of the villi, and colonic metaplasia, occurring before closure of the loop ileostomy. The patient improved after a course of metronidazole therapy, but ileostomy closure was postponed. It appears that the ileum mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis is highly prone to the development of inflammation and careful, regular follow-up is recommended. PMID- 3229929 TI - Hiatal herniation of the colon in an infant. AB - Colonic herniation through the esophageal hiatus is an unusual condition. This paper deals with such a case involving a seven month-old girl. She had had no previous symptoms, but had bloody feces after a diagnosis of sliding hiatal herniation of the stomach had been made. Barium enema revealed hiatal herniation of the transverse colon accompanying gastric herniation. At operation hiatal hernia was corrected and Nissen's fundoplication was added. Her postoperative course was uneventful. To our knowledge this is the first description of hiatal herniation of the colon in infancy and childhood. PMID- 3229931 TI - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of stones in the ureter. AB - In the present paper we report on one-year experience with the application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 157 patients with stones in the ureter 63 of which were in the pyeloureteral segment, 52 in the lumbar part and 42 in the distal third. The indications and contraindications for lithotripsy, the peculiarities in performing the manipulation are determined and the results analysed. They are evaluated as very good because 78.98% of the patients have passed completely disintegrated stones up to the tenth day after lithotripsy. The average hospital stay was 4.08 days. The drawback of the method is the high cost of manipulation. PMID- 3229932 TI - The epidemiology of cancer of the bladder in Canada: 1931 to 1985. AB - Morbidity patterns during 1970 to 1982 and mortality patterns during 1941 to 1985, in Canada, for carcinoma of the bladder were examined. Morbidity rates in both males and females have risen, on average, by 0.39 and 0.14 additional new cases per 100,000 population per year, respectively (p less than or equal to 0.015). Analysis of age-specific morbidity rates over time revealed that these increases are associated with corresponding significant increases for six of the eight age groups studied in males (0.09 to 6.96 additional new cases per year, p less than or equal to 0.035) and four of the eight age groups studied in females (0.29 to 1.59 additional new cases per 100,000 population per year, p less than or equal to 0.035). Although age-standardized mortality rates for males have not changed significantly (p = 0.70), rates for the six youngest age groups studied have declined significantly whereas rates for the other two (oldest) age groups have risen significantly (p less than or equal to 0.030). In females, standardized mortality rates have declined by approximately 45% (p less than or equal to 0.0001) with significant declines noted for six of the eight age groups studied (p less than or equal to 0.025). PMID- 3229930 TI - Changes of vasoactive substances following embolization for renal cell carcinoma. AB - Renal arterial embolization and subsequent nephrectomy or nephrectomy alone were performed in 34 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Renal arterial embolization caused a blood pressure elevation concomitant with an increase in plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary aldosterone excretion or urinary prostaglandin (PGE2) excretion. Subsequent nephrectomy normalized hypertension and reduced the levels of these vasoactive substances. There were significant relationships between the increase in mean blood pressure and the increase in PRA, the increment in mean blood pressure and the increment in urinary aldosterone excretion, and the increase in PRA and increase in log urinary PGE2 excretion following embolization. These evidences suggest that enhancement of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system participates in the development of hypertension following embolization, and increased PRA may play an important role in the release of urinary PGE2. PMID- 3229934 TI - Multidisciplinary evaluation in erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. AB - Radical prostatectomy is associated with a postoperative impotence rate of 90%, a sequel that is the least acceptable to the patient. The use of the nerve-sparing procedure according to Walsh (1) with 70% restoration of sexual power postoperatively is limited considering the prevalence of periprostatic tumour invasion. A method is described which satisfies the demand for both a radical surgical procedure and postoperative restoration of sexual power. PMID- 3229935 TI - The place of abdominal safety line in the treatment of posterior urethral injury. AB - The simple traction by a balloon catheter splint technique is used in the treatment of posterior urethral disruption in this series. The abdominal safety line, which is a size 1 silk passed through the eyes of the urethral splint (Foley catheter) and rolled up on gauze with some tension on the anterior abdominal wall has been used in three cases. The value of this line is to anchor the urethral splint, to produce some countertractive effect, and to replace it if it failed; also, it could be used as a guide if it is decided to replace the urethral Foley catheter (splint) under vision with the help of the sheath of the optical urethrotome. PMID- 3229933 TI - Local adriamycin treatment for prevention of recurrence of superficial bladder tumours. AB - Forty-nine patients with superficial Ta-Tl, G1-G2 vesical tumours were subjected to local Adriamycin treatment. Following transurethral resection (TUR), 50 mg doses of Adriamycin in 50 ml physiological salt solution were instilled into the bladder 4 times at intervals of one week and then 12 times at intervals of one month (i.e. a total of 15 times). Upon exclusion of two patients who failed to appear at follow-ups and one more in whom treatment was discontinued because of side effects, the remaining 46 were followed up cystoscopically for 2 years at intervals of 3 months. The recurrence rates of 12% and 24% for the primary and secondary tumours, respectively, were found to be significantly lower than those found in the control group (37% and 65%). PMID- 3229936 TI - The effect of glucose intake on urine saturation with calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid and sodium urate. AB - The effect of simple carbohydrate intake on the state of urine saturation was studied in 44 patients with calcium kidney stones and in 28 healthy subjects. Renal excretion of calcium, magnesium and oxalate significantly increased and pH of urine decreased after an intake of 100 g glucose in stone formers and healthy subjects. In the basic conditions (before glucose administration) urine was supersaturated with calcium oxalate in stone formers (median 0.55) and healthy subjects (0.24; p less than 0.05). Carbohydrate intake caused a significant increase of the degree of urine saturation with calcium oxalate and uric acid. The degree of urine saturation with brushite and sodium urate after glucose administration did not change. These data suggest that excess of simple carbohydrate consumption may increase the degree of urine saturation with some of the compounds important in stone formation. PMID- 3229937 TI - Renal survival in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN): role of long term treatment with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). AB - The renal survival of 53 MPGN patients treated on a long-term basis by non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) was compared to that of untreated MPGN patients previously reported in the literature. The difference between NSAID treated and untreated patients (Habib's and Legrain's series) was significant by chi-square and logrank test performed during 10 and 14 years of follow-up. Our results were not significantly different from those observed by West in 45 MPGN children treated by steroids alone or in association with cytotoxic agents. After a follow-up of 14 years, 21 among our NSAID patients were in renal survival and 8 in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). They were respectively 11 and 3 in West' series, and for the untreated groups, 4 and 19 in Legrain's series and 1 and 33 in Habib's series. PMID- 3229938 TI - The importance of immunohistochemical examination of glomerulonephritis. AB - There were 942 cases of glomerulonephritis classified according to WHO out of 1499 renal biopsies. Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and fibrinogen were examined immunohistochemically in a standard way and IgD, IgE, albumin, C4 and HBsAg in a non-standard way. The results were compared with a control group. The results show that the excluding value of the negative immunohistochemical examination in glomerulonephritis is higher than the proving value of the positive examination. PMID- 3229939 TI - Degranulation of peripheral blood neutrophils during haemoperfusion in chronic uraemics. AB - In 10 chronic uraemics activities of some lysosomal enzymes were determined in peripheral blood neutrophils and plasma during haemoperfusion with charcoal cartridge Adsorba 300 C (Gambro). Blood plasma activities of arylsulfatases, beta N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase did not significantly change during haemoperfusion, while lysozyme activity was significantly increasing. Neutrophil contents of these enzymes decreased. The determinations of these enzyme activities revealed a positive outlet-inlet difference in blood plasma and a negative outlet-inlet difference in neutrophils during the first 20 minutes of the procedure. The results suggest that during haemoperfusion degranulation of the peripheral blood neutrophils occurs. PMID- 3229940 TI - Circadian rhythm and seasonal dependence in the toxicological response of mice to epirubicin. AB - Compared to doxorubicin, equimolar epirubicin toxicity is reduced by about 50% by the epimerization of a hydrogen and hydroxyl group at the 4' position of the anthracycline sugar moiety. The circadian timing of doxorubicin administration markedly affects its lethal and sub-lethal bone marrow and gut toxicities in mice, as well as the severity of its clinical toxicity. We tested whether the timing of administration of equitoxic epirubicin doses similarly affected the toxicological response in female CD2F1 mice. A large and highly reproducible effect of the circadian stage of administration was documented with best drug tolerance occurring during the first half of the daily rest (light) span of the animals. In addition to this circadian rhythm, a significant seasonal effect was found with significantly fewer deaths occurring after epirubicin was given in the Summer, as compared to the Winter. Safest circadian timing for epirubicin is statistically significantly earlier in the day than for doxorubicin, while their seasonal patterns are quite similar. PMID- 3229941 TI - In vivo antitumor activity of sparsomycin and its analogues in eight murine tumor models. AB - Sparsomycin (Sm) is a known inhibitor of ribosomal protein synthesis with an attractive anticancer potential. Recently, several analogues of Sm which are more active than the parent drug were selected for further study on the basis of in vitro investigations. Six analogues as well as the parent drug were tested for their antitumor activity in eight in vivo murine tumor models: P388 and L1210 leukemias, RC renal cell carcinoma, B16 melanoma, C38 colon carcinoma, LL Lewis lung carcinoma, C22LR osteosarcoma and M5076 sarcoma. Sm itself appeared to have only borderline activity on L1210 leukemia. The analogues that were most active in vitro showed also the highest in vivo activity. The most sensitive tumors were RC, L1210 and P388. Minimal activity was found on B16 and no activity on C22LR, M5076, C38 and LL. The most active compounds are deshydroxy-Sm, ethyl-deshydroxy Sm and n-pentyl-Sm. There was a considerable loss of activity when L1210 leukemia was implanted sc while the drugs were administered iv. Only one drug, ethyl deshydroxy-Sm appeared to be active in this assay. No single most effective compound could be found in this study. The overall activity of Sm and its analogues is moderate. The three analogues which show high activity in three ascitic tumors will be further investigated using human tumor xenograft models. PMID- 3229942 TI - Changes in drug sensitivity of a human astrocytoma clone previously treated with 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea in vitro. AB - We have shown in earlier studies that repeated weekly exposures of a human astrocytoma clone (AST 3-4) to MeCCNU (10 micrograms/ml for 1 h per week) produced a linear decrease in survival over the first 3 weekly treatments. But, after that time these cells became progressively more resistant to the 10 micrograms/ml concentration of the agent. In the studies reported here we show that these previously treated cells were also less responsive to other doses ranging from 1 to 30 micrograms MeCCNU/ml. This change in sensitivity to MeCCNU was accompanied by collateral changes in response to other agents: resistance to BCNU and Galactitol, increased sensitivity to Adriamycin, and no change to ionizing radiation. These experiments suggest that once repeated treatments with a single agent cause a tumor cell population to become more resistant, sensitivity to other agents may also change unpredictably. PMID- 3229943 TI - Phase I study of weekly-administered iproplatin [cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis isopropylamine platin (chip, JM9)]. AB - Iproplatin [cis-dichlor-trans-dihydroxy-bis-isopropylamine platinum (CHIP, JM9)] is a new antineoplastic platinum analogue with an octahedral conformation. It has more water solubility than does cisplatin and was found to have less neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in experimental animals than cisplatin. Like cisplatin, it has been demonstrated to have a broad spectrum of activity in experimental tumor systems. A phase I study of iproplatin was conducted in 28 patients (12 with melanoma, 8 with sarcoma, 6 with breast cancer, and 2 with colon cancer). All patients had failed prior chemotherapy. Four consecutive doses of iproplatin were administered at weekly intervals followed by a rest period of two weeks for hematologic recovery (one course). One hundred forty-two weekly doses were administered with all patients except three receiving at least one full course. The weekly starting dose of 40 mg/m2 was increased to 120 mg/m2 given over 30 minutes without hydration. Myelosuppression predominantly thrombocytopenia, was the dose-limiting toxicity at weekly doses of greater than or equal to 95 mg/m2 per course. With iproplatin doses 75 mg/m2, 95 mg/m2, and 120 mg/m2, the lowest median granulocyte counts were 2.6 x 10(3)/mm3, 2.2 x 10(3)/mm3, and 1.8 x 10(3)/mm3, respectively. Similarly, at iproplatin doses of 75 mg/m2, 95 mg/m2, and 120 mg/m2, the lowest median platelet counts were 144 x 10(3)/mm3, 99 x 10(3)/mm3, and 31 x 10(3)/mm3, respectively. Mild to moderate nausea and vomiting were observed in the majority of patients. No significant neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or ototoxicity was observed. Objective tumor regression was not observed in this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3229944 TI - Phase II study of mitozolomide (M & B 39,565) in colorectal and breast cancer. AB - Twenty-two patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) (12 without prior chemotherapy) and fourteen with pretreated breast cancer (BC) were given mitozolomide (MTZ), IV infusion, every six weeks. The starting dose was 90 mg/m2. When it was well-tolerated, dose escalation was done up to 100-115 mg/m2. Toxicity was mild, limited to thrombocytopenia with a median nadir of 1.27 x 10(5) (0.20-4.86). No response was observed in these patients. MTZ, according to these schedule and dosage, does not show activity in human CRC and pretreated BC. PMID- 3229946 TI - Twenty years of doctor discipline: Iowa style, Mayo style and Minneapolis style. PMID- 3229945 TI - A phase II study of VP-16 and cisplatin in patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma. An NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group Study. AB - The National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group has carried out a phase II study of VP-16 100 mg/m2 daily x 3 and cisplatin 25 mg/m2 daily x 3 in untreated patients with malignant mesothelioma. Twenty-seven eligible patients were entered on the trial and the majority had pleural and/or soft tissue disease. Myelosuppression and gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common toxicities, and were usually mild or moderate in severity. Only 3 partial responses were seen in the 26 patients evaluable (12%). We conclude that the combination of VP-16 and cisplatin when used in this fashion has only minimal activity in mesothelioma. PMID- 3229947 TI - Primary splenic pregnancy with intraperitoneal bleeding and shock: a case report. PMID- 3229948 TI - Professional discipline. PMID- 3229949 TI - Why an ethicist now? PMID- 3229950 TI - Is your organization healthy? PMID- 3229951 TI - Well Elderly Screening Clinics. PMID- 3229952 TI - Gearing up for retirement. PMID- 3229953 TI - Time to plant the roses. PMID- 3229954 TI - Quality of care. PMID- 3229955 TI - Retirement ... are you ready? PMID- 3229956 TI - Chronic respiratory failure--evolving concepts. PMID- 3229957 TI - Survey of nuclear medicine practice in Ireland. PMID- 3229958 TI - The spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 3229959 TI - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: nine cases. PMID- 3229960 TI - Intestinal spirochaetosis: pathological entity of no clinical significance? PMID- 3229961 TI - Non specific genital infections: their diagnosis and clinical relevance. PMID- 3229962 TI - Dehiscence of intestinal anastomoses and anaesthesia. AB - This study, carried out in 62 patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia, has evaluated the nestigmine effects on tone and motility of the muscular rectal wall, by recording compliance and manometric values. An increase of intrarectal pressure values in patients antagonized with neostigmine has been evidenced. This finding is related to contracture and increased motility of muscular rectal wall, induced by anticholinesterase agent. In patients eligible for intestinal anastomoses, rapidly eliminated myoneural blocker such as atracurium besylate or vecuronium, should be preferred. These agents allow a spontaneous reversal of the myoneural block, without pharmacologic antagonism. PMID- 3229963 TI - Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis according to the nutritional status in patients undergoing contaminated procedures. AB - The attempt to restrict as much as possible the use of the antibiotics in surgery is related with the recent introduction of short term antibiotic prophylaxis. In this study the possibility to select among patients undergoing contaminated procedures those who can benefit more from short term antibiotic prophylaxis was considered. With this aim the nutritional status of 302 patients according to three parameters: serum albumin, total iron binding capacity and weight loss, was assessed. Results obtained from short term antibiotic prophylaxis with clindamycin and gentamicin in 149 patients (53.6% malnourished) were compared with those obtained in 153 patients (49.6% malnourished) who were not treated peroperatively. Wound infection rate in patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis was 6% versus 15% in the group which did not receive antibiotics peroperatively (p less than 0.025). A significant reduction was observed in malnourished patients while in the well-nourished the decrease was not significant. Malnourished patients seem to gain a specific benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis. PMID- 3229964 TI - Early gastric cancer. AB - A clear difference in survival among the patients affected by gastric cancer has been observed worldwide between Early Gastric Cancer (EGC) and Advanced Gastric Cancer (AGC). Optical fiber endoscopy has allowed a sharp increase in the number of diagnoses of EGC since the sixties. Among 182 our patients operated on, 19 [10.4%] had an EGC. A difference in incidence was found between males and females, while no difference was found in the age distribution. The main symptom was epigastric pain; EGCS common findings were ulceration or a flat tumor. Surgical procedures were carried out with the same criteria used for AGC. No difference was found in the tumor location. Local spread was studied according to the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer, while histological type was classified according to Lauren classification. Crude 5-year survival was 80% (8 out of 10), with a mean of 76.8 +/- 13 (SEM) months. PMID- 3229965 TI - Laboratory findings in acute mesenteric infarction. AB - A study on the preoperative data of 16 patients with acute mesenteric infarction and the comparison to the pre-operative data of two homogenous groups is reported. The first group includes 11 patients with intestinal necrosis from venous obstruction and the second group includes 10 patients, with mechanical bowel obstruction. From the statistical analysis of the obtained data and the review of current literature it seems possible to obtain a useful differential diagnosis. PMID- 3229966 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of non perianal fistulas and abscesses in Crohn's disease. AB - Problems related to the appearance of non perianal fistulas and abscesses are examined in a series of 204 patients operated on for Crohn's disease. Incidence of these complications was 34.3% (70 cases); one or more fistulas were present in 54 patients, associated with abscesses in 13, while abscesses alone were present in 3. The highest incidence was observed in the male sex, in patients over 50 years, and in the presence of stenosing Crohn's lesions (P less than 0.001). On the contrary, the primary site of Crohn's disease does not seem to affect significantly their appearance. The clinical suspect of fistulas or abscesses should be supported with radiographic, endoscopic, echographic and scintiscan findings, even though about 7.2% of fistulas are diagnosed only intraoperatively. Surgical treatment is the most suitable therapeutic management; however enteroenteric and mesenteric fistulas are only relative indications for surgery. TPN is suitable for postoperative enteric fistulas (5 cases). Postoperative morbidity is not different in patients with or without such complications at surgery. Long-term prognosis of non perianal fistulas and abscesses is related only to recurrences of Crohn's disease and their anatomopathologic evolution. PMID- 3229967 TI - Bronchopulmonary carcinoids: report of nine surgically treated cases. AB - Nine cases of bronchial carcinoids treated by surgery are reported. Six of them were females and three males. Their ages ranged from 37 to 68 years (median 52.8 years). Lobectomy was carried out in four instances (bilobectomy in one) and pneumonectomy in three. Based on preoperative histology two conservative operations were performed: one patient underwent segmental resection of the right upper lobe for a peripheral carcinoid and the other sleeve resection of the bronchus. The operations were complicated only in one case in which a broncho pleural fistula appeared postoperatively and was successfully treated by thorachoplasty. There was no postoperative death. The only patient with an atypical carcinoid died one year after pneumonectomy. The other eight patients, with typical carcinoids are alive and without recurrent disease at 6 months to 8 years from surgery. Lymph node and parenchymal infiltration, observed in 3 patients, were not fatal. It is concluded that carcinoids should now be considered malignancies; typical carcinoids carry a more favorable prognosis than atypical ones and can be managed by conservative operations without affecting the survival rate. The spreading of the tumor to lymph nodes and surrounding tissues was not associated with an increased mortality in the reported cases. PMID- 3229968 TI - Acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction: report of two cases. AB - Two cases of acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction diagnosed over a 6-year period are reported. One patient had acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) associated with severe cardiopulmonary disease and the other a rare idiopathic small bowel pseudo-obstruction: both were treated successfully. The various treatments and a short review of the literature are presented. PMID- 3229969 TI - Rectal cancer: new trends in pre- and intraoperative staging. PMID- 3229970 TI - Clinical results after isolated aortic valve replacement with Sorin prosthesis: a 6-year experience. AB - The mechanical valve produced by Sorin is a modified tilting disc device. Over about a 6-year period, 763 Sorin Prostheses were implanted in 710 patients. No structural failure has been observed. 282 prostheses were implanted in aortic position with the large orifice oriented towards the right coronary sinus. Hospital mortality was 5% (14/282). Actuarial survival at 78 months was 94.68% +/ 1.6%, with a linearized mortality rate of 1.7% pt-years. There were 11 late deaths (9 valve related and 2 non valve-related). The linearized rate of occurrence of embolic events was 0.32 pt-years (2/268). Actuarial survival complication free at 78 months was 90.88% +/- 2.83%. Preop. 19.8% patients were in class II N.Y.H.A, 68.5% in III, 11.7% in IV; postop. 79.3% patients were in class I, 19.5% in II, 1.2% in III. The durability and satisfactory complication free survival rate indicate the Sorin prosthesis as a fully reliable device for aortic valve replacement. PMID- 3229971 TI - Perendoscopic pneumatic dilatation in achalasia: short and mid-term results. AB - The experience with pneumatic dilatation of the cardia under endoscopic control in 10 patients with achalasia is reported. For dilatation a modified Witzel dilator on a fiberscope was used; progressive pressures from 100 to 300 mmHg were applied; the dilatations were repeated at increasing intervals of time for a period of 1 year. The clinical, radiological, endoscopic and manometric results were satisfactory. Dynamic scintigraphy was performed in 3 patients before treatment, and after the fourth dilatation. No important complications were observed. PMID- 3229972 TI - Billroth I versus Billroth II partial gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric ulcer. AB - Short- and long-term results of B-I and B-II reconstructions were compared in order to assess which anastomosis is to be recommended after partial gastrectomy for gastric ulcer. All the patients (287) electively operated for gastric ulcer 10-20 years ago were considered for the study. Operative mortality did not significantly differ, while duration of post-operative time before discharge and post-operative morbidity were significantly lower after B-I. Long-term percentage probability of survival was higher after B-I than after B-II (87.0 and 63.7 after 19 years, respectively), while quality of life was similar in the two groups. In the 64 subjects (26 B-I and 38 B-II) who underwent the study protocol, fasting bile reflux appeared more abundant and bile acid concentration greater after B-II than after B-I. While bacteria and nitrite concentrations did not differ in the two groups, bile acid pattern differed in a greater deoxycholic acid percentage concentration in the B-II group. In spite of an increased deoxycholic acid concentration and therefore a probably more lithogenic bile, gallstones were shown in 23.11% and 39.41% of the B-I and the B-II subjects, respectively, without significant differences. In conclusion, when partial gastrectomy is indicated for gastric ulcer, B-I reconstruction seems preferable to B-II because of its lower post-operative mobility, less evident entero-gastric reflux and histological consequences, less evident bile acid pattern changes from normal, and an apparently longer life-expectancy after discharge. PMID- 3229973 TI - Radial manometric study of the anal canal: preliminary results. AB - The pressure profile of the anal canal results from the effects of several muscles mainly the internal and external anal sphincter and the puborectalis. The preliminary results of radial manometric study of the anal canal carried out in 36 healthy volunteers, are reported. Based on the obtained results it is concluded that the anal canal shows a statistically significant difference in the radial distribution of pressure. The anatomo-physiologic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, are discussed. PMID- 3229974 TI - Computer-assisted analysis of clinical and laboratory data in acute pancreatitis: early formulation of a predictive score. AB - The results of a retrospective study of 111 cases of acute pancreatitis are reported. Based on diagnostic investigations and clinical outcome, patients have been divided into three groups: oedematous, limited and extensive necrotizing pancreatitis. The step-wise statistical analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters at the time of admission related to the pathological findings has allowed the formulation of a severity score to be applied to every new case of acute pancreatitis. By discriminant function coefficients a concordance percentage of actual and predicted classification has been obtained in over 90% of the cases. The presence of shock after 12 hours of intensive treatment, the hemorrhagic appearance of the peritoneal fluid and tachypnea are the variables with highest discriminating power. In view of the high concordance percentage between actual and predicted classification results, this predictive score could be applied, to every new case of acute pancreatitis at admission. PMID- 3229975 TI - Emergency abdominal surgery in patients with acute leukemia and lymphoma. AB - Seventeen cases of acute leukemia or lymphoma which required emergency surgery for acute abdominal pain, are reported. It is concluded that surgery in these patients should be performed whenever indicated because the mortality rate of medical treatment is around 100%. PMID- 3229976 TI - Outpatient surgery of inguinal and crural hernias: a report on 468 cases. AB - A personal series of 468 inguinal and crural hernias treated with local anesthesia and outpatient surgery is reported. The marked advantages of loco regional anesthesia are stressed and the various surgical procedures used in the different conditions examined. Need for maximum reduction of suture tension is underlined. All patients of the series resumed immediate postoperative ambulation and a number were discharged within 1-2 hours returning to their working activity the day following surgery. Follow-up was performed for cases operated on from 6 months to 6 years: overall incidence of recurrence was 1.1% and 0.37% in cases where Marlex mesh was used, whose marked advantages are evidenced. PMID- 3229977 TI - False positive diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma based on bronchoscopic brushing and sputum cytology. A surgical point of view. AB - The problem of false positive diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma based on bronchoscopic brushing and sputum cytology is analysed. 1071 patients were reviewed, 230 of whom underwent "radical" resection. Diagnoses obtained from bronchoscopic brushing, sputum cytology and microscopic examination of surgical specimens were compared. The statistical analysis of the obtained results showed that "false positives" should be thoroughly evaluated. The concept of cancer in situ and the hypothesis of a multi-step evolution of bronchogenic carcinoma are briefly discussed. PMID- 3229978 TI - Influence of knee flexion on femorodistal bypass hemodynamics. AB - The influence of knee flexion on the hemodynamics of ten Below Knee (B.K.) femoro popliteal by-passes (mean follow-up 45 mos. min. 2-max. 134) has been studied by means of Doppler Pressure Index (P.I.) and Pulse Volume Recorder (P.V.R.). In all patients operative indication was limb salvage and the graft material was autologous saphenous vein (ASV) in 5 cases, PTFE in 3 and Dacron in 2. Calf and ankle P.I. and P.V.R. wave amplitude modifications have been evaluated bilaterally just after the beginning of knee flexion (80 degrees) and at 10 and 15 minute intervals. The knee flexion influenced detrimentally (p less than 0.025) the P.I. (calf: -10.9% at the beginning, -17.8% at 10 min. and -20.5% at 15 min.; ankle: -7.4% at the beginning, -13.6% at 10 min. and -16.5% at 15 min.). P.I. was minimally affected by knee flexion in non-grafted limbs (-3%). No consistent P.V.R. modifications were observed. PMID- 3229980 TI - Papillary stenosis: fact or fiction? PMID- 3229979 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism. A case report. AB - A case of primary hyperparathyroidism due to diffuse parathyroid hyperplasia, with thyroid goiter, bilateral renal lithiasis and fibrocystic osteitis is reported. Precise identification of parathyroid glands was achieved by U.S. and U.S.-assisted fine-needle aspiration. The role of the different diagnostic procedures has been evaluated in order to assess preoperatively a correct surgical approach. PMID- 3229982 TI - The use of a medical support group on a medical/psychiatric unit. PMID- 3229981 TI - Is there a disease-prone personality? Synthesis and evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature. PMID- 3229983 TI - Rules for disease: an interactional model for psychosomatic illness in families. PMID- 3229984 TI - Effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride on the subjective reporting of mood in children with attention deficit disorder. PMID- 3229985 TI - Physical and psychosocial health status 3 years after catastrophic illness- botulism. PMID- 3229987 TI - Basic health care needs of the mentally ill: issues for psychiatric nursing. PMID- 3229986 TI - Psychosomatic symptoms: implications for child sexual abuse. PMID- 3229988 TI - Ten years in liaison nursing: concepts, models, and conventional wisdom. PMID- 3229989 TI - Genug ist genug: a fetus is not a kidney. PMID- 3229990 TI - Embryo freezing: ethical issues in the clinical setting. PMID- 3229991 TI - Subtracting injury from insult: ethical issues in the use of pharmaceutical implants. PMID- 3229992 TI - Medical genetics. PMID- 3229994 TI - AIDS affects all. PMID- 3229995 TI - Infectious diseases: AIDS. PMID- 3229993 TI - Rights, symbolism, and public policy in fetal tissue transplants. PMID- 3229996 TI - AIDS: issues for physicians. PMID- 3229997 TI - HIV infection in a primary-care outpatient clinic. PMID- 3229998 TI - Analgesic rebound headache refuted. PMID- 3229999 TI - Cluster headache and its variants. PMID- 3230000 TI - Surgical treatment of chronic cluster headache. PMID- 3230002 TI - Nocturnal neck movements and sleep apnea in headache. PMID- 3230001 TI - Headache and sleep. PMID- 3230003 TI - Psychiatric aspects of emergency management of headache. PMID- 3230004 TI - Migraine, quo vadis? PMID- 3230005 TI - Complicated migraine, migrainous infarction ... or what? PMID- 3230006 TI - Problem solving by hospital managers. AB - When managers confront complex problems, their attitudes toward problem solving affect their behavior. The problem-solving attitudes of over 100 women and men who manage six hospitals are analyzed. PMID- 3230007 TI - Substance abuse and mandatory drug testing in health care institutions. AB - Substance abuse in the workplace is a problem of enormous proportions. Hospitals, like other organizations, must recognize the potential risks posed by substance abuse and effectively deal with the problem. A nationwide study was conducted of hospital personnel managers' attitudes toward drug abuse and mandatory drug testing. The study focuses on the policies hospitals have formulated and reveals hospital administrators' concerns over the legality of mandatory testing. PMID- 3230009 TI - Press relations: a 14-point plan for enhancing the public image of health care institutions. AB - Hospital executives often complain about a lack of positive press coverage. As the news media pay increasing attention to health-related issues, health-care institutions and their personnel will be increasingly thrust into positions of interaction with the news media. These interactions can either boost public confidence or cause widespread public distrust. A 14-point plan of practical suggestions can improve press relations and enhance the effectiveness and prestige of the health-care executives. PMID- 3230008 TI - Managers, groups, and people: some considerations in information system change. AB - The successful implementation of a new information system is heavily dependent on the cooperation of the personnel involved. A recent study found that positive attitudes and intentions were related to high growth needs, group norms favoring the change, and considerate leadership styles of managers. PMID- 3230010 TI - Signs and portents. PMID- 3230011 TI - Pictures of performance: the key to improved nursing productivity. AB - A useful way to measure, track, and control nursing productivity is available, in addition to techniques for establishing productivity objectives and visualizing and displaying daily productivity performance. Many incentives for productivity improvement are available as well. PMID- 3230012 TI - Simultaneous strategies for solving the nursing shortage. AB - An overview of the nursing employment system is presented: recruitment, education, hospital careers, licensure, compensation, and alternative careers. Simultaneous changes in pay and licensure/education are advocated for developing a career structure attractive to contemporary workers. PMID- 3230013 TI - The acting or interim leadership position: expectations, perceptions, realities. AB - The acting or interim leadership position has been neglected in terms of selection, role identification, and status. Individuals, programs, and organizations are paying a price for this inattention. PMID- 3230014 TI - Viewpoint: commerce without mortality? AB - The value system of an organization is important, and the chief executive officer has a responsibility to ensure that it takes root. This nine-point program can serve as a useful guide to the CEO who wants his or her organization to be accountable in today's competitive health care environment. PMID- 3230015 TI - The hospital merger: its effect on employees. AB - Hospital closings are occurring with increasing frequency, yet little is known about their impact on employees. A study was conducted to assess the impact of a psychiatric hospital's closing on employees' perceptions of and preparation for the closing process, as well as the impact on employment outcomes. PMID- 3230016 TI - Empowerment education: Freire's ideas adapted to health education. AB - Empowerment Education is proposed as an effective health education and prevention model that promotes health in all personal and social arenas. The model suggests that participation of people in group action and dialogue efforts directed at community targets enhances control and beliefs in ability to change people's own lives. The article is divided into three parts: a literature review demonstrating that powerlessness is linked to disease, and conversely, empowerment linked to health: an exposition of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire's empowering education theory with a comparison to traditional health education; and a case study of an empowering education substance abuse prevention project. The Alcohol and Substance Abuse Prevention (ASAP) Program is a University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Emergency Center, and community and school-based prevention project for adolescents. The case study will present ASAP's theoretical underpinnings and social practice, evaluation results, preliminary understandings of the stages for an empowering process, and future questions for practitioners interested in this approach. Empowerment education with its emphasis on organizing is recommended to be integrated into other prevention strategies of health promotion, disease prevention, and health policy. PMID- 3230017 TI - The role of linking agents in the diffusion of health promotion programs. AB - This article examines the role of state health department dental offices as linking agents in the diffusion of an effective preventive health program, the fluoride mouthrinse program (FMRP) in public schools. The aim of this program is to prevent dental caries by a weekly mouthrinsing by elementary school students. In contrast to the traditional focus of diffusion research on characteristics of the innovation and characteristics of the adopter, this study emphasizes an ecological approach, i.e., the transmittal mechanisms for diffusion. The state dental offices are examined as linking agents, which serve as program advocates or champions for diffusing the FMRP from the national level, where it was developed, to the thousands of local school districts and schools for adoption and continued delivery. Using data from interviews with state dental directors and archival sources, a multivariate model was developed and used to explain the percent of a state's elementary schools using the mouthrinse program. The results support the key role of linking agents in disseminating effective health promotion programs into actual use. Implications are discussed for both research and practice. PMID- 3230018 TI - Health promotion: integrating organizational change and student learning strategies. AB - The background and conceptual support for a model for planned change in schools are presented to facilitate the adoption, implementation, and maintenance of health promotion innovations. The model proposes four phases of change: (1) institutional commitment, (2) alterations in policies and practices, (3) alterations in roles and actions of staff, and (4) student learning activities. The model can be applied to influence organizational change in multiple components of the school health program to predispose, enable, and reinforce student health behavior. PMID- 3230019 TI - Hazard communication in a large U.S. manufacturing firm: the ecology of health education in the workplace. AB - This article describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a workplace health and safety education program intended to bring a large U.S. manufacturing firm into compliance with a Federal regulation, the Hazard Communication Standard. The methods of program delivery and levels of resources allocated were decided by local plant management and union representatives resulting in marked variations among the five plants studied. These differences in program delivery were associated with differences in employee assessment of the training's usefulness, changes in employee work practices, working conditions, and organizational handling of health and safety problems. In all five plants, the program evidenced indirect beneficial effects on the use of hazard control measures and organizational approaches to health and safety issues which went beyond the requirements of the federal Standard. The results appear well explained by an ecological model which views health and disease as outcomes of a complex system of interactions between the individual worker and multiple levels of environmental influences. Implications of these findings for health educators are discussed. PMID- 3230020 TI - Issues of control and responsibility in workers' health. AB - The issues of responsibility for health and control of factors influencing health are discussed with regard to workplace health programs. The role of each of the parties involved - workers, unions, management, and the government - can best be understood in relation to the interests they hold in workers' health. A matrix is presented which divides influences on workers' health according to the degree to which they are controlled by employers and workers. This matrix is used to suggest that workplace health promotion and employee assistance programs may represent employer involvement in areas over which they lack legitimate control. These programs are also criticized for their emphasis on behavior and their neglect of work-related causes of ill health and unhealthy behavior. They should be considered supplemental to a work environment which is conducive to both physical and psychosocial health; they will be most effective and appropriate with a high degree of worker involvement and control. Evidence regarding the effects of occupation and class on health and health-related behavior is presented to support the need for a comprehensive, ecological approach to workers' health. Such an approach should take into account the full range of influences and recognize the limits of legitimate control. PMID- 3230021 TI - Standard karyotype of the domestic pig. Committee for the Standardized Karyotype of the Domestic Pig. PMID- 3230022 TI - Reciprocal translocation in four boars producing decreased litter size. PMID- 3230023 TI - Chromosome banding studies and synaptonemal complex analyses of four reciprocal translocations in the domestic pig. PMID- 3230024 TI - Lymphatic leukaemia cell line 3447 from the dog--a karyotypic analysis. PMID- 3230025 TI - Unbalanced Robertsonian translocations in canine lymphocytes and bone marrow cells in vitro. PMID- 3230026 TI - The karyotype of the long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melaena. PMID- 3230027 TI - Dominantly inherited diabetes, schizophrenia, or alcoholism in families of college graduates. PMID- 3230029 TI - Do males of Drosophila littoralis have free recombination? PMID- 3230028 TI - Normal frequency of structural chromosome aberrations in fibroblasts from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3230030 TI - Low biochemical variability in European fallow deer (Dama dama L.): natural bottlenecks and the effects of domestication. AB - Tissue and blood samples from 180 fallow deer (Dama dama L.) belonging to an Italian free-ranging population were studied for biochemical variability by means of cellulose acetate and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 51 putative genetic loci successfully resolved showed a very low level of variability (P = 0.020, H = 0.006) in accordance with previously reported data on British and West German populations. That low biochemical polymorphism in European fallow deer populations is discussed taking into account the effects of natural bottlenecks and of domestication. PMID- 3230031 TI - Phenotypic variability and heterozygosity at an esterase locus in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. AB - Populations of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. are polymorphic for esterase alleles. This could be because the alleles are neutral or because selection protects the polymorphism, as had been concluded from a study of allele frequencies. A test has been carried out to look for possible associations of esterase heterozygosity with speed of development, body size and spine number symmetry in two spine rows. Heterozygotes were found to be larger and slower growing than homozygotes, but there was no difference in degree of asymmetry. There were fewer heterozygotes and a greater deficiency compared with expectation in insects reared at higher temperatures. It is concluded that different genotypes do differ in fitness. PMID- 3230032 TI - Stabilizing selection and metabolism. AB - This paper attempts to provide a biochemical explanation for selection against extreme phenotypes. From current ideas on the analysis of metabolic control, it is argued that, on average, most mutations will reduce flux through metabolic pathways and change substrate pool concentrations in an arbitrary direction. Currently available experimental data suggests that there may be a positive relationship between flux and fitness. It is also argued that there may be a relationship between phenotypic traits and substrate pool concentrations. Given these premises, it is shown that intrinsic selective constraints occur against the production of extreme phenotypic variants. PMID- 3230033 TI - Breeding structure of a colonizing species: Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. AB - The mosquito, Aedes albopictus, has recently become established in a number of cities throughout the United States. An initial survey of allozyme and genotypic frequencies in U.S. populations (Black et al., 1988) revealed an extensive amount of local differentiation of populations and suggested that much genetic drift may have accompanied colonization. A study of gene flow was initiated in native habitats of Ae. albopictus in Malaysia to determine if the result observed in the U.S. was a consequence of colonization or simply followed the natural breeding structure of the species. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were monitored at ten enzymatic loci in 11 populations from peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Multiple populations were sampled within the districts of Kuala Lumpur and Kuala Trengganu. Peninsular Malaysian and Borneo populations were strongly genetically differentiated. Allele frequencies were significantly different among and within districts in both regions. Variance in allele frequencies among all collections was partitioned into the variance among regions, districts within regions and collections within districts. Almost all of the variance within regions was attributable to local differentiation suggesting that genetic drift is an important component of the natural breeding structure of this species. This indicates that the large amounts of local differentiation found in U.S. populations was not a consequence of recent colonization. PMID- 3230034 TI - Morbidity and treatment of clinically important obesity: an internal medicine perspective. PMID- 3230035 TI - Osteoporosis as a community health problem: lessons learned from studying hypertension. PMID- 3230036 TI - Occurrence of Alzheimer disease in Michigan: an epidemiologic review of rates and risk factors. PMID- 3230037 TI - Why doctors get bad care. PMID- 3230038 TI - Minnesota multiphasic personality profiles of the morbidly obese. PMID- 3230039 TI - Blood pressure changes and weight changes in hypertensive patients in an inner city clinic. PMID- 3230040 TI - Detection of cell proliferation in pig testis and intestine sections using monoclonal anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibody and immunogold silver staining. AB - For the first time a monoclonal antibody against 5-bromodeoxyuridine was used to detect cell proliferation in pig testis and intestine sections. The influence of several parameters such as mode of injection, addition of thymidine biosynthesis inhibitor, tissue fixation, hydrolysis and revelation was examined. The technique of choice consisted in intravenously injecting the animals with 50 mg/kg BUdR added to 10 mg/kg FUdR 2 h before tissue collection and Bouin fixation; hydrolysis of sections was performed by HC1 4N: Ethanol 70 degrees (1:1 v/v); revelation of BUdR was made by a secondary antibody linked to colloidal gold particles, followed by a silver enhancement step. The data were superior when compared to those obtained by direct immunofluorescence and by the PAP technique. The described method is convenient and sensitive, provides an intense nuclear labelling without background and allows simultaneous examination of histology. The advantages over the technique using tritiated thymidine are particularly obvious when fast screening of numerous samples is required or when new experimental protocols are developing. PMID- 3230041 TI - Histochemical and microbiochemical demonstration of reduced pyruvate kinase activity in thioacetamide-induced neoplastic nodules of rat liver. AB - A new method for the histochemical demonstration of pyruvate kinase (PK) activity was developed using a semi-permeable membrane and ATP-dependent phosphorylation of glucose coupled with tetrazolium reduction via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in order to investigate normal liver tissue and neoplastic hepatic nodules induced by thioacetamide (TAA). A series of control reactions and comparison with microbiochemical analysis of microdissected lyophilised material were used to determine the specificity of the reaction. In agreement with earlier reports, an activity gradient in control liver decreasing from zone 3 to zone 1 was apparent both histochemically and after biochemical analysis. Liver neoplastic nodules induced by 25 weeks dietary thioacetamide administration and characterized by increased G6PD demonstrated a clear decrease in PK activity. In contrast, epithelial cells within areas of cholangiocellular tumour development were characterized by a strong increase. Comparison of the results with immunohistochemical and biochemical data from the literature indicate that the specific histochemical method described will be of great assistance in future assessment of disease and physiological alteration in activity of this key enzyme of glycolysis. PMID- 3230042 TI - Carbohydrate histochemistry of human Brunner's glands. AB - Brunner's glands are known to produce neutral mucins. In order to achieve a better knowledge of their carbohydrate profile, we used five peroxidase-labeled lectins on surgical specimens of human duodenum. This method allowed us to identify at least two different types of neutral mucins in Brunner's glands secretion, thus demonstrating a heterogeneous mucin production. The structure of terminal oligosaccharidic chains in these glycoproteins has also been hypothesized. PMID- 3230043 TI - Electron-microscopic and microprobe analyses on the pigmented and unpigmented enamel of Sorex (Insectivora). AB - Sorex belongs to the Insectivora and has a pigmented tooth enamel due to iron. The pigmented enamel (PE) has a mean Ca/P weight ratio, analyzed by quantitative electronprobe X-ray microanalysis, of about 1.9 (mean molar Ca/P ratio 1.46), and the unpigmented enamel (UE) a Ca/P weight ratio of about 2.0 (mean molar Ca/P ratio 1.59). The PE has a higher iron content (with a value of about 8%) than the UE, as shown by microanalysis of ultrathin sections. Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) has shown that the carbonate content in the UE is higher than in the PE. In the LAMMA spectrum of the negatively charged ions the carbonate lines could be compared directly with those of negatively charged iron ions. The pigmentation is associated with a low Ca/P ratio but may transfer mechanical strength and acid resistance strength to the PE. PMID- 3230044 TI - Light-microscopic histochemistry of non-specific alkaline phosphatase using lanthanide-citrate complexes. AB - New lanthanide methods for the histochemical detection of non-specific alkaline phosphatase in the light microscope are described and compared with already existing techniques for the light microscopical demonstration of this enzyme. To avoid formation of insoluble lanthanide hydroxide at alkaline pH citrate complexes with the capture ions cerium, lanthanum and didymium were used. A molar ratio of 11 mM citrate/14 mM capture reagent is proposed. For preincubated sections, pretreatment in chloroform-acetone and fixation in glutaraldehyde, for non-preincubated sections fixation in glutaraldehyde yielded the best results. 4 Methylumbelliferyl and 5-Br-4-Cl-3-indoxyl phosphate were found to be the most suitable substrates. For routine purposes 4-nitrophenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl and 2-glycerophosphate were also sufficient; naphthol AS phosphates were inferior but still suitable. After incubation for 5-60 min at 37 degrees C lanthanide phosphate was converted into lead phosphate which was visualized as lead sulfide. At pH 9.2-9.5 enzyme activity was demonstrated at many sites such as intestinal, uterine, placental, renal and epididymal microvillous zones, plasma membranes of arterial, sinus and capillary endothelial cells, vaginal and urethral epithelium, smooth muscle cells, myoepithelial cells as well as excretory duct cells of salivary and lacrimal glands and in secretory granules of laryngeal glands. In comparison with Gomori's calcium, Mayahara's lead, Burstone's and Pearse's azo coupling, McGadey's tetrazolium salt and Gossrau's azoindoxyl coupling technique the lanthanide methods detected alkaline phosphatase activities at identical or additional sites depending on the respective procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230045 TI - Techniques for the simultaneous demonstrations of neuropeptide y gene expression and peptide storage in single neurons of the human brain. AB - The distribution of mRNA encoding neuropeptide Y (NPY) in neurons of the normal human cerebral cortex in surgical biopsy specimens and postmortem brain was studied by in situ hybridization techniques. A 32P-labeled complementary RNA (cRNA) probe was used on cryostat sections of formaldehyde-fixed cortical biopsy specimens. Hybridization to NPY mRNA was found in all samples: after autoradiography, discrete deposits of silver granules were observed on neuronal cell bodies abundantly distributed in the deep layers of the cortex, particularly laminae IV and VI, and on smaller cell bodies in the white matter. The localization of the neurons hybridized for NPY mRNA was comparable to that of NPY immunoreactive cells as shown in sections from the same tissue blocks immunostained by using NPY antibodies. The specificity of the in situ hybridization technique was confirmed by hybridization analysis of electrophoretically fractionated RNA. This study clearly demonstrated the consistent localization of NPY gene transcription and expression in normal mature human cortical neurons. A combination of the methods of in situ hybridization for mRNA encoding Neuropeptide Y (NPY) using a 32P-labeled complementary RNA probe and immunocytochemistry using polyclonal antibodies against NPY were applied on human cortical brain samples. The manipulation of these two techniques allowed successful simultaneous demonstration of NPY gene expression and peptide storage in single neurons of the human brain. PMID- 3230046 TI - Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of VIP-neurons in the rat visual cortex. AB - A critical appraisal of quantitative immunohistochemistry of neuropeptides is presented defining the main criteria of selecting the type of immune-staining and preparation suitable for these investigations. As an example of meeting the established criteria, the immunohistochemical demonstration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-containing neurons in the rat brain and the processing of VIP-immunostained preparations for computer-controlled image analysis are described. PMID- 3230047 TI - Xenopsin immunoreactivity in antral G-cells may reside in the N-terminus of gastrin 17. AB - The nature of xenopsin immunoreactivity in mammalian antral G-cells has been reassessed. Xenopsin immunostaining was most intense in human antral G-cells, present in those of the dog and pig and not detected in guinea pig or rat tissues. Rigorous specificity controls for ionic binding of immunoglobulins to antral G-cell granules indicated that this mechanism was not responsible for xenopsin immunostaining. Preincubation of the xenopsin antiserum with xenopsin, human gastrin 1-13 and gastrin 2-17 completely abolished immunostaining at similar molar concentrations. Gastrin 34 was ineffective at much higher concentrations. These results infer that xenopsin-immunoreactivity in antral G cells resides in the N-terminal region of gastrin 17. Examination of the primary structures of xenopsin and the N-terminal regions of some mammalian gastrins reveals a hitherto unrecognized homology. PMID- 3230048 TI - Localization of acid phosphatase activity in collagen-secreting and collagen resorbing fibroblasts. AB - The ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity was examined in cultured human gingival fibroblasts in the formative and resorptive phases. In the collagen-secreting fibroblasts, weak ACPase activity was demonstrated in the lysosomes, inner Golgi cisternae, and condensing vacuoles, and none was found in the Golgi-associated endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome system (GERL), presecretory granules, or secretory granules. On the contrary, collagen phagocytosis induced strong ACPase activity in the GERL, which was in addition to the weaker activity found in the same sites as those in the collagen-secreting cells. At the same time, collagen secretion was suppressed, and dense elongated secretory bodies associated with ACPase activity accumulated within the cells. When collagen fibrils had been interiorized in whole or in part within the phagosomes, primary lysosomes derived from the Golgi-GERL complex then fused with them to form phagolysosomes. Collagen degradation occurred within these bodies. The observations indicate significant differences in ACPase activity used as a marker for lysosomal enzyme activities in the different functional phases of fibroblasts. These results suggest that fibroblasts work only one way at a given time, viz., collagen synthesis or collagen degradation. PMID- 3230049 TI - Scanning microfluorometric measurement of TRITC-phalloidin labelled F-actin. Dependence of F-actin content on density of normal and transformed cells. AB - A method is described for the determination of cellular F-actin content using fluorometry of TRITC-phalloidin at very high dilution. In this case no saturation of all binding sites available is reached, however the staining is highly specific and the specificity is not affected by the preparative procedure as may be the case at high concentrations of TRITC-phalloidin. The method is based on calculation of fluorescence intensity at equilibrium conditions from measurements at two different numbers of exchange of the staining solution by using Lineweaver Burk plotting. The relative content of F-actin has been determined for three established cell lines, an amphibian cell line XTH-2 of endothelial origin, 3T3 cells and SV 40 transformed 3T3 cells. In the two non transformed lines F-actin decreases with increasing cell density starting with the onset of confluency of the culture. SV 40 transformed 3T3 cells generally contain less F-actin and do not show any significant point of change. The decrease in F-actin with increasing cell density is accompanied by a disappearance of stress fibres. SV 40 3T3 cells generally are devoid of stress fibres. The observations are discussed considering a possible involvement of F-actin in growth control. PMID- 3230051 TI - DNA-polymerase activity detected in situ. Relationship between incorporation of 3H-deoxytriphosphates and 3H-actinomycin D binding during the cell cycle in antheridial filaments of Chara vulgaris L. Effect of auxin and cytokinins. AB - DNA-polymerase activity during the cell cycle (S + G2 + M + C type) in antheridial filaments cells of Chara vulgaris was studied using the autoradiographic method. Incorporation of 3H-deoxytriphosphates (3H-dTPs) during the whole of interphase indicates, that the cell cycle is not accompanied by distinct changes in enzyme activity. Incorporation of 3H-dTPs was also observed in spermatids and in early stages of spermatogenesis. Intensity of 3H-dTPs incorporation during interphase and spermatogenesis is similar to the intensity of 3H-actinomycin D (3H-AMD) binding. Auxin (IAA) and kinetin stimulate both 3H AMD binding and 3H-dTPs incorporation; benzyladenine does not affect any of these processes. The in situ autoradiographic method of detecting DNA-polymerase activity reveals availability of DNA template for the enzyme rather than DNA polymerase activity itself. PMID- 3230050 TI - Changes in glycoconjugates in rat submandibular gland after chronic treatment with reserpine and isoproterenol. AB - Chronic treatment of rats with reserpine, isoproterenol, or a combination of these two agents has been suggested as a means to produce an experimental animal model for the chronic exocrinopathy cystic fibrosis. The effect of these treatments on glycoconjugate distribution in rat submandibular gland acinar cells was investigated by quantitative lectin cytochemistry. Significant changes in wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), soy bean agglutinin (SBA) and concanavalin A (Con A) binding sites in the mucus granules were observed, but peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding was not significantly affected. The quantitative changes in glycoconjugates in the acinar cells of the submandibular gland could be a possible explanation for the increased binding of calcium by the intracellular mucus noted in previous studies on these animal models. PMID- 3230052 TI - Immunohistochemical investigation on the hog kidney di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate fluorohydrolase (E.C.3.8.2.1) in hog kidney and heart. AB - Using a polyclonal antibody raised in rabbits against the highly purified di isopropyl-fluorophosphate fluorohydrolase (DFPase, E.C. 3.8.2.1) of hog kidney, DFPase-immunoreactivity could be demonstrated by the unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method in the hog kidney in the brush border of epithelial cells in the proximal segment of the nephron. In the heart DFPase-immunoreactivity was found at the plasma membranes of the cardiac muscle cells. PMID- 3230053 TI - Effects of occupational exposure to low-level carbon disulfide (CS2) on menstruation and pregnancy. PMID- 3230054 TI - Hyperethanolaminuria in O, O, S-trimethyl phosphorothioate toxicity in rats. PMID- 3230055 TI - Determination of airborne silane by adsorption sampling with modified resin active carbon and graphite furnace AAS. PMID- 3230056 TI - Acute optic neuropathy induced by thinner sniffing: inhalation of mixed organic solvent containing methyl alcohol and methyl acetate. PMID- 3230057 TI - Sex difference in the morningness-eveningness preference in student and hospital nurse samples. PMID- 3230058 TI - Individual differences in the formation of hemoglobin adducts following exposure to methyl bromide. PMID- 3230059 TI - Analysis of corticosteroids in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. PMID- 3230060 TI - [Normal values in rhinomanometry]. AB - Despite various methods of investigation, there are few reports as to the normal values of nasal airway resistance. A total of 56 adult subjects free of any nasal disease underwent nasal airway resistance measurement using active anterior rhinomanometry according to the guidelines of the international committee on standardization of rhinomanometry. Inspiratory and expiratory resistance was measured before and after application of a topical decongestant spray. This test was reproducible in that 46 of the subjects underwent a second study with resistance values quite close to that of the initial measurement. The upper range of the total inspiratory nasal airway resistance was 0.45 Pa s/cm3 before and 0.3 Pa s/cm3 after decongestant administration. There was no statistically significant difference between the inspiratory and expiratory resistance measurements. No correlation could be made between nasal airway resistance, age, sex, height or weight. PMID- 3230061 TI - [Clinical comparison of 2 modern rhinomanometers]. AB - Two rhinomanometers (the NR 6 manufactured by Mercury, Scotland and the Rhino Comp manufactured by Cintec, Sweden) were tested and compared in five subjects. Both instruments are suitable for clinical use and produced equal measurements of nasal airway resistance. The Rhino-Comp device is easier to handle. Technical improvements would be desirable in both machines. PMID- 3230062 TI - [Differential diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in the treatment of giant osteomas of the skull bones]. AB - Based on a personal observation of a giant osteoma of the frontal, temporal and occipitoparietal bones we explain the atypical general and local clinical symptoms which led to some differential diagnostic difficulties. The extreme size of such tumors prevents their radical removal and mandates partial resection. Possible stimulation of growth due to mechanical irritation by the operation is an unavoidable risk. Surgery is the only form of treatment possible; it must prevent neurological lesions due to the tumor. Consequently, surgery must be tailored to the individual patients. PMID- 3230063 TI - [Endoscopic surgery of vocal cord cancers]. AB - Controversy began in the last century as to whether endoscopic surgery for vocal cord carcinoma carries an unnecessary risk for the patient. This controversy has been renewed since microlaryngoscopy offered the possibility of precise endoscopic resection of a vocal cord carcinoma. The most decisive prerequisites are careful assessment and adherence to strict indications. We only remove small carcinomas arising on freely mobile vocal cords by endoscopy, if the tumour is fully visible through a larger calibre operating laryngoscope. We prefer to use conventional microsurgical instruments rather than the laser. The specimen should be taken in one piece and be subjected to histological examination. Every patient must be closely followed up. A total of 76 patients with carcinomata in situ (Tis a, Tis b) and microinvasive carcinomas (T 1a, T 1b) have been followed for up to 8 years. So far not a single patient has lost his life, his larynx or his voice, or needed an additional external operation or irradiation. The results of endolaryngeal microsurgery for smaller vocal cord tumours are achieved with a minimum cost in time and money, and the least possible burden for the patient. They are scarcely inferior to primary irradiation with respect to the voice and are definitely better with respect to cure. However such results are only achieved in very carefully selected cases. PMID- 3230064 TI - [Antimicrobial effectiveness of azlocillin in cholesteatoma in parenteral administration]. AB - Azlocillin has a broad spectrum particularly against pseudomonas and should therefore be useful for preoperative parenteral treatment of infected cholesteatomas in those cases which cannot be controlled by local therapy. To determine the efficacy in treatment of cholesteatoma the concentration of azlocillin in separate tissue fractions of cholesteatoma matrix, cholesteatoma debris and granulation tissue surrounding cholesteatoma was determined. In 9 cases 2 g azlocillin was injected and in 5 cases 4 g. The concentration drop between the different tissue fractions was equal in all cases. However, as clinical experience has shown, differing high levels of azlocillin were found in comparable tissue fractions of the 14 cholesteatomas. In some of the cases the minimal antibacterial activity was not attained in the cholesteatoma fractions. PMID- 3230066 TI - Postpartum reproductive performance in crude protein-restricted beef cows: return to estrus and conception. AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a deficiency in dietary crude protein intake on postpartum reproductive performance of first-calf beef cows. Forty primigravid Hereford heifers were randomly assigned to two groups that were fed isocaloric (100% NRC requirements) diets containing .96 (adequate) or .32 (deficient) kg crude protein per head daily. Animals were individually fed from 150 d prepartum to 40 d postpartum and then were group-fed until the end of the experiment at 110 d postpartum. Total nutrient intake was increased by 33% at time of parturition to meet lactation requirements. Animals were artificially inseminated between 45 and 110 d postpartum when they showed estrus. Eighty-nine percent of those fed adequate protein showed estrus, whereas only 63% of protein restricted heifers exhibited estrus (P less than .05). First-service conception (P less than .05; 71 vs 25%) and overall pregnancy rates (P less than .05; 74 vs 32%) were lower in protein-restricted heifers. Compared with those fed adequately, protein-restricted heifers had a tendency for longer intervals to first estrus (P less than .08; 75 vs 86 d), to first service (P less than .09; 76 vs 87 d) and to conception (P less than .09; 81 vs 92 d). Regardless of diet, weight at first estrus, weight at first service and average daily gain to 40 d postpartum were negatively correlated (P less than .01) with length of intervals from parturition to first estrus and first service.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230065 TI - [Yaws: a rare case of an "invasively growing" tumor of the maxillary sinus]. AB - Yaws is a treponematosis which is rare in Europe. Tertiary stages may present with tumor-like lesions predominantly in the face. These manifestations are called rhinopharyngitis mutilans and goundou. A 40-year-old woman with goundou is presented. PMID- 3230067 TI - Local and general anesthetic effects on behavior and performance of two- and seven-week-old castrated and uncastrated piglets. AB - Four experiments were conducted to examine the effects of general and local anesthetics given prior to castration on piglet behavior and weight gain. The first experiment showed that use of general anesthesia by xylazine, ketamine hydrochloride and glyceryl guaiacolate for 2-wk-old piglets resulted in the death of 28% of the piglets and, for those that survived, suppressed nursing behavior. In the second experiment, using 2-wk-old piglets, local anesthesia by lidocaine hydrochloride prevented the slight (30 min) castration-induced nursing behavior suppression. In the third and fourth studies, using 7-wk-old pigs, local or general anesthetic did not overcome castration-induced changes in behavior. Castration affected behavior of 7-wk-old pigs for 6 to 8 h. None of the treatments in any of the studies influenced weight gain. We conclude that castration is painful for 2-wk-old and 7-wk-old pigs. The 2-wk-old pig seems behaviorally less affected by castration than does the 7-wk-old pig. Local anesthetic prevented pain-induced behavior changes for 2-wk-old, but not for 7-wk old, pigs. At present, the FDA does not permit use of these anesthetics in meat producing animals. PMID- 3230068 TI - Secretory patterns and metabolic clearance rate of porcine growth hormone in swine selected for growth. AB - Eleven Landrace pigs (six boars and five gilts, 50 kg) representing lines selected for three generations for maximum weight at 200 d of age were compared to eight pigs (four boars and four gilts, 50 kg) representing contemporary randomly selected Landrace controls to determine the effect of selection for growth on the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and plasma concentrations of porcine growth hormone (GH). To estimate MCR of GH, the disappearance of a bolus of porcine GH was monitored over 120 min following its i.v. injection. Blood samples also were collected every 15 min over a 6-h period before injecting GH to determine baseline and overall mean GH concentrations, mean peak amplitude and number of GH secretory episodes. Boars exhibited greater overall mean GH concentrations (4.80 vs 3.11 ng/ml; P less than .05) and had greater maximum GH concentrations associated with secretory episodes (16.11 vs 10.80 ng/ml; P less than .05) than did gilts. There were no differences between boars and pigs exhibited greater baseline GH concentrations (2.04 vs 1.25 ng/ml; P less than .01) than did those from the unselected Landrace line. Selected and control pigs exhibited similar (P greater than .15) overall mean concentrations of GH, frequency of secretory episodes, amplitude of GH peaks and MCR. These data demonstrate that pigs selected for heavier weight at 200 d of age had greater basal plasma GH concentrations than did unselected control pigs. PMID- 3230069 TI - Influence of maternal frame size and nutritional restriction on growth and development of the postnatal lamb. AB - Pregnant ewes (large frame [LF] and small frame [SF]) were nutritionally stressed in early gestation (EGS), late gestation (LGS) or fed 100% of NRC requirements (unstressed, US) throughout gestation. Lambs (128) from these ewes were slaughtered at birth, weaning (18 kg), 41 kg or 55 kg. Sixty-four lambs received a 13% protein diet from weaning to either 41 or 55 kg. Lambs from SF ewes were fatter at 55 kg, had a higher numerical yield grade and a lower percentage of carcass protein. Lambs from US ewes were youngest at slaughter and had the most carcass weight and protein per day of age at 55 kg. The LGS lambs had the lowest percentage of lean and carcass protein at 41 and 55 kg. However, at birth these lambs had the highest concentration of RNA and DNA in muscle. The EGS lambs had the lowest quality grade, carcass weight per day of age and fat percentage. Muscle DNA and RNA at birth was lowest in EGS lambs. However, EGS lambs produced the highest lean percentage and highest percentage carcass protein at 41 and 55 kg. Shortest metacarpals and metatarsals were also found in these lambs at weaning and 41 kg. Although frame size had little effect on carcass characteristics, the effects of nutritional stress in the first 80 d of gestation were apparent in lambs slaughtered at 31 kg. Stress in the last 50 d of gestation had more effect on lambs slaughtered at 55 kg. PMID- 3230070 TI - An evaluation of barley in starter diets for swine. AB - Four growth trials and one digestibility trial were conducted to determine the effects of substituting barley for grain sorghum in weanling pig diets on pig performance and nutrient digestibility. Experiments 1 and 2 were 35-d growth trials in which barley was substituted for gain sorghum at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the diet. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion (F/G) were not affected by dietary barley level (P greater than .50). Experiment 3 was a digestibility trial conducted to determine the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DMD), gross energy (GED), and N (ND) and percentage of N retained (%NRT) of pigs fed the 0, 20 and 40% barley diets. As dietary barley level increased, DMD and GED decreased linearly (P less than .05), whereas %NRT increased linearly (P less than .10). Apparent N digestibility was not affected by dietary treatment (P greater than .12). Experiments 4 and 5 were 35-d growth trials with treatments arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial design to determine the effects of barley particle size (fine, 635 microns or medium, 768 microns) and dried whey level (0, 10 or 20%) on pig performance. Average daily gain and ADFI increased linearly (P less than .01) as whey level increased. Pigs fed diets containing fine-ground barley grew faster and were more efficient (P less than .05) than those fed medium-ground barley diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230071 TI - Effects of salinomycin on sow weight change during lactation and on sow reproductive performance. AB - Forty-five gravid cross-bred sows (mean parity 3.3 +/- .3) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: corn-soybean mean (CS) or CS plus 60 mg salinomycin per kilogram of diet (CSS). Sows were fed their respective diets through two successive parities with dietary treatment initiated at 100 d postcoitum and continued until weaning of the second successive litter. Therefore, sows fed CSS received salinomycin for 14 d before the first parturition and for approximately 153 d before the second parturition. Daily feed intake was restricted to 2 kg.hd 1.d-1 during gestation and to 3 kg.hd-1.d-1 from weaning to breeding. All sows. had ad libitum access to feed during lactation. Sows were weighed 7 d prior to parturition, at weaning and at breeding. Weaning-to-estrus interval and farrowing interval were recorded for all sows. Litters were weighed at birth and weaning. There were no differences (P greater than .05) between dietary treatments in sow weights before parturition, at weaning or at breeding for either first or second farrowing. The CSS-fed sows lost more weight from weaning to breeding after the first (P less than .03) and second (P less than .05) lactation periods than CS fed sows. The CSS-fed sows tended to gain more (P = .06) weight during lactation than CS-fed sows. There were no differences (P greater than .05) between treatments in lactation feed intake, weaning-to-estrus interval, farrowing interval, litter size born or weaned, litter weights at birth or at weaning, or in sow culling rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230072 TI - Vitamin E requirement of growing swine. AB - The vitamin E requirement of growing pigs was estimated on the basis of prevention of morphological signs of deficiency. Five groups of pigs were fed a barley-based diet low in vitamin E that contained 16 mg of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate equivalents/kg and .1 ppm of Se for 4 wk (depletion I). This period was followed by 7 wk of supplementation, during which the groups received 0, 15, 45, 135 and 405 mg of supplemental DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet. Finally, all the animals were fed the low vitamin E diet for 7 wk (depletion II). To follow the vitamin E concentration in serum and tissues, blood samples were collected and biopsies were taken from skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and the liver throughout the experiment. The peak vitamin E value was observed in the liver, followed by the adipose tissue and then skeletal muscle. The liver responded rapidly to changes in dietary vitamin E intake, whereas the adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle reacted at a slower rate. In spite of the abundant occurrence of the different vitamin E isomers in the feed, alpha-tocopherol was the main isomer detected both in the serum and in the tissues. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum increased with age but was independent of the serum vitamin E concentration. In the unsupplemented group all animals suffered from the vitamin E and Se deficiency syndrome (VESD) in an acute or chronic form. A total of 31 mg of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet (16 mg of naturally occurring vitamin E and 15 mg as supplementation) equivalent to 2.5 IU vitamin E/g polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was enough to prevent the development of VESD. In view of the large individual variations of vitamin E concentration in target organs, and to obtain a certain safety margin for prevention of VESD in growing pigs, a supplement of 30 mg of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet is recommended. PMID- 3230073 TI - The effect of tropical ambient temperature on growth and metabolism in pigs. AB - Three experiments involving 34 individually fed pigs were conducted in Guadeloupe (16 degrees Lat. N., 61 degrees Long. W.) to determine the effects of environmental temperature (tropical, 22 to 32 degrees C, vs thermoneutral, 17 to 21 degrees C) and feeding method (restricted vs ad libitum) on performance, carcass characteristics and physiological and metabolic responses of pigs at three weight ranges (8 to 25, 29 to 50 and 54 to 79 kg live weight). Compared with the control environment, the tropical climate increased rectal temperature and respiratory rate but depressed growth rate and efficiency of feed utilization. In addition, in the heaviest weight group, feed intake was reduced and body fat increased. Changes in metabolic status, such as increased concentrations of plasma free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity were observed in pigs housed in the tropical environment. Moreover, in these pigs, there was a decreased plasma concentration of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine). These results indicate that tropical ambient temperature markedly affects the metabolism of pigs and, therefore, probably influences their nutritional requirements. PMID- 3230074 TI - Cattle grazing Wahweap milkvetch in southeastern Utah. AB - Cattle's grazing of the locoweed Wahweap milkvetch (Astragalus lentiginosus var. wahweapensis) was evaluated on desert and foothill winter range during the winter of 1986 to 1987. Dry, dead stalks of Wahweap milkvetch that had grown in 1985 and 1986 made up 15% of cattle diets overall, and 24% of diets when cattle grazed gravelly benches where it was abundant. Nutritional quality of Wahweap milkvetch was higher than of most associated forage, but its alkaloid concentration varied among the senescent stages. One cow aborted and two cows developed clinical signs of locoweed poisoning, including water belly (hydrops amnii). Microscopic lesions consisting of cytoplasmic foamy vacuolation were evident in both the dam and fetus. Because senescent stalks of Wahweap milkvetch are palatable and readily grazed by cattle, ranchers should not permit cattle to graze infested sites until other green forage is available in the spring. PMID- 3230075 TI - Relationship among weight change, body condition and reproductive performance of range beef cows. AB - A 5-yr study involving 45 to 78 pregnant Hereford range cows each year evaluated relationships among prepartum nutrition, body condition scores, BW changes and reproductive performance. Four prepartum nutritional treatments were imposed. One group of cows were fed to maintain (M) their November BW until calving in March and April. The other three groups of cows were fed to lose about 5% of their November BW by 8 wk before parturition, then to maintain BW (LM), lose an additional 5% of their BW (LL) or gain 5% of their BW (LG). After calving, all cows were fed to maintain BW. Body condition scores and BW were recorded every 14 d throughout the trial. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine treatment effects on BW, body condition score and measures of reproductive performance. A discriminant analysis was performed on pregnancy rate and percentage of cows with ovarian luteal activity by 85 d after parturition. The M cows had a greater pregnancy rate (71%) than cows on other treatment groups. The LL cows had a reduced pregnancy rate (42%) compared with LM (51%) and LG (58%) cows. Prepartum nutritional treatment did not affect the days from parturition to conception. Precalving body condition score and November to January BW changes influenced pregnancy rate (P less than .001). A cubic response curve described the relationship between pregnancy rate and precalving body condition score for cows with condition scores of 3 through 7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230076 TI - Influence of infusion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF 2 alpha) and weaning on surface and histologic populations of ovarian follicles in early postpartum beef cows. AB - Twenty-four beef cows were infused continuously for 11 d (d 2 to 13 after parturition) into the descending aorta with either prostaglandin F2 alpha-Tham salt (PGF2 alpha; 33.5 mg/d; n = 12) or with .9% NaCl (saline; n = 12) vehicle. Cows from each infusion treatment then were assigned to three slaughter groups (G). Cows in G1 and G2 were suckled until slaughter on d 15 and 35, respectively, whereas calves in G3 were weaned on d 31 and cows were slaughtered on d 35 after parturition. Nonatretic and atretic (greater than 4 pycnosis) antral follicles (greater than .15 mm) on ovaries ipsilateral to the previously gravid uterine horn were evaluated by histological techniques. Compared with saline infusion, PGF2 alpha increased mean diameters of the largest (F1) follicles on the ipsilateral (d 15 and 35; P less than .07) and contralateral (d 15; P less than .07) ovaries (surface evaluation) as well as mean diameters of the largest (F1, d 35; P less than .002), second- and third-largest (F2, F3 d 15 and 35; P less than .01) nonatretic follicles (histologic evaluation) in suckled cows. Compared with suckled cows slaughtered on d 35, weaning on d 31 increased the number of medium follicles (3 to 5 mm), diameters of the three largest nonatretic follicles, percentage of large nonatretic follicles (greater than 3.67 mm) and mitotic index of class 3 (.68 to 1.57 mm) follicles in saline-infused cows. In contrast, in PGF2 alpha-infused cows, weaning decreased (P less than .05 to P less than .001) all of these responses. Surface and histologic evaluations of follicular activity indicated that postpartum infusion of PGF2 alpha stimulated development of large follicles. In response to weaning, PGF2 alpha infusion favored development of those large follicles toward ovulation or atresia on nonovulated follicles. PMID- 3230077 TI - Factors associated with shortened estrous cycles after abortion in beef heifers. AB - Forty-six crossbred Hereford heifers were allotted into five experimental groups. Fenprotalene, a prostaglandin analogue, was administered to induce abortion and (or) to regress the corpus luteum (CL) in four groups of heifers about 75 d after conception. The four groups were 1) pregnant heifers, 2) pregnant heifers with the ovary contralateral to the gravid uterine horn removed 24 h after fenprostalene injection, 3) same as Group 2 but with the ipsilateral, rather than the contralateral, ovary removed and 4) heifers with uterus removed (ovaries intact) about 35 d after conception. A fifth group of nonpregnant heifers received implants containing norgestomet from 10 to 76 d after estrus and were given fenprostalene 24 h before removal of the implant. Average length of the first estrous cycle after the fenprostalene injection was 11.2, 8.3, 9.7 and 19.1 for Groups 1, 2, 3 and 5, respectively. Estrous cycles were longer (P less than .05) in norgestomet-treated heifers. Hysterectomized heifers (Group 4) did not exhibit a second estrus by 50 d after fenprostalene treatment; otherwise, all first estrous cycles after the fenprostalene injection were either "short" (7 to 13 d) or "normal" (17 to 23 d). Twenty-two of 24 heifers that aborted had short estrous cycles and two had normal estrous cycles. Short estrous cycles occurred after abortion regardless of whether the ovary ipsilateral or contralateral to the previously gravid uterine horn ovulated. Early regression of the CL (short luteal phase) did not occur in nonpregnant heifers after long-term progestogen stimulation or after hysterectomy, but it did occur in heifers with a previously gravid uterus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230078 TI - Serum insulin-like growth factor I profiles in beef heifers with single and twin pregnancies. AB - Serum samples and BW were obtained from 2-yr-old beef heifers, pregnancy with either single (SF, n = 12) or twin (TF, n = 7) fetuses, at 7-d intervals from d 190 of gestation until calving. Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations of SF heifers gradually declined from d 190 (69.9 +/- 1.0 ng/ml) to d 263 (55.6 +/- .8 ng/ml), then exhibited a slight increase by d 277 (63.4 +/- 1.1 ng/ml). Serum IGF-I concentrations of TF heifers essentially paralleled, yet were lower (P less than .05) than, concentrations in SF heifers for all days tested except d 197 and 205. The SF heifers pregnant with heifer fetuses (n = 6) had higher IGF-I concentrations (P less than .1) than heifers pregnant with bull fetuses (n = 6) for all days tested except d 214 and 235. Instantaneous absolute growth rate (IGR) of SF heifers declined from 1.485 kg/d at d 190 to .257 kg/d by d 277. Rate of decline in IGR of TF heifers was much greater (P less than .0001). Correlations between serum IGF-I concentrations and IGR for SF and TF heifers were .79 (P less than .001) and .59 (P less than .05), respectively. These data suggest that number and sex of fetus influence maternal concentrations of IGF-I and that the combined growth rate of the dam and conceptus during gestation is related to serum IGF-I concentration. PMID- 3230079 TI - Evidence for endogenous opioid modulation of serum luteinizing hormone and prolactin in the steer. AB - Opioid modulation of LH and prolactin (PRL) concentrations in Angus steers was investigated. In Exp. 1, morphine sulfate (M) was administered at either 1, 2 or 3 mg/kg BW (n = 4) as an i.v. injection. Blood samples were obtained at 15-min intervals for 4 h pre- and post-treatment for serum hormone analyses. Mean serum LH concentration and number of LH secretory pulses decreased (P less than .1) for 2 h after M (4.1 to nadir of 2.4 ng/ml, and .33 vs. .21 pulses/h; pre- vs post treatment). Luteinizing hormone pulse amplitude decreased (P less than .01; 7.3 vs 2.6 ng/ml; pre- vs post-treatment) during the 2 h following M. Prolactin concentrations increased 126.6%, 170.6% and 187.6% following 1, 2 and 3 mg M/kg BW, respectively (P less than .05, 1 vs 2; P less than .01, 1 vs 3). In Exp. 2, either saline solution (S, n = 6) or M (.31 mg/kg BW, i.v. injection followed by .15 mg/(kg.h) infusion; n = 6) was given for 7 h. Concentration of LH was unaffected. Response of LH to naloxone was determined in Exp. 3. Blood samples were obtained for 2 h pre- and post-administration of either naloxone (1 mg/kg BW, i.v. injection; n = 5) or S (n = 5). Response of LH at 15, 30 and 45 min posttreatment was greater (P less than .05) in naloxone- compared with S-treated steers. In summary, M had no significant effect on serum LH concentration or LH pulse frequency, but it decreased pulse amplitude and increased serum PRL concentrations. In contrast, naloxone increased LH secretion. These observations taken together indicate a physiological role for opioid modulation of LH and PRL secretion in the steer. PMID- 3230080 TI - Effect of stage of gestation, litter size and uterine space on the incidence of mummified fetuses in pigs. AB - Factors associated with incidence of mummified fetuses at 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 wk of gestation were determined in a cross-sectional design involving 209 pregnant pigs. Percentage of observed mummies increased from 2.1 to 12.2% as gestation progressed. Incidence of mummies at 7 wk of gestation was not different between litters of nine fetuses or fewer and those of 10 fetuses or more. During the period of 7 to 15 wk of gestation, the incidence of mummies remained constant at about 1% in litters of nine fetuses or fewer, whereas in litters of 10 fetuses or more the incidence increased linearly from 1 to 12% (P less than .01). In litters of nine fetuses or fewer, a mummy occupied no less space than a live fetus until 13 wk of gestation. In litters of 10 fetuses or more, a mummy occupied less space than did a live fetus after 7 wk of gestation. An increase in the incidence of mummies in larger litters was associated with uterine space per fetus below that needed for development and survival. The 12% fetal loss in late gestation was associated with less uterine space per fetus. Length of uterine horns, litter size and stage of gestation together accounted for 12% of the variation in incidence of mummies (P less than .001). A longer uterus had greater space per fetus, a larger number of live fetuses and a lower incidence of mummies. PMID- 3230081 TI - Postpartum reproduction in protein restricted beef cows: effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. AB - The influence of dietary CP on circulating LH and anterior pituitary and hypothalamic function was examined. In Exp. 1, 28 cows were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: adequate CP (ADQ; .96 kg/d) or deficient CP (DEF; .32 kg/d) beginning at 90, 60 and 30 d before parturition and continued at a 33% increase in feed consumption after parturition. Cows were bled at 15-min intervals for 8 h on d 20, 40 and 60 after parturition. Pituitaries were collected on d 62 to analyze GnRH receptor numbers and gonadotropin content. Frequency of pulsatile LH release increased (P less than .05) from 20 to 60 d in ADQ cows. Basal and mean LH were not affected (P greater than .10) by CP restriction or by days after parturition. Crude protein did not affect pituitary GnRH receptors (P greater than .10), but it did affect pituitary LH content, FSH content and FSH concentration (P less than .05). In Exp. 2, 28 cows were assigned to treatment groups as in Exp. 1. All cows were challenged with GnRH (.22 micrograms/kg BW) at 20, 40 and 60 d after parturition and were bled every 30 min for 6 h. Responsiveness to GnRH increased with increased time after parturition (P less than .07). Deficient CP decreased GnRH-induced LH release (P less than .05). In Exp. 3, 12 cows were randomly assigned to ADQ or DEF CP beginning 120 d before parturition. All cows received 1 mg estradiol-17 beta (E2) on d 19, 39 and 59 after parturition and were bled every 30 min for 14 h beginning 14 h following E2. Response to E2 was unaffected by CP restriction (P greater than .10), whereas time to E2-induced LH peak decreased as time after parturition increased in ADQ cows (P less than .05). Results suggest that delayed return to estrus in CP deficient postpartum beef cows might be due to reduced gonadotropin release from the anterior pituitary and decreased anterior pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. PMID- 3230082 TI - Blood plasma and tissue concentrations of vitamin E in beef cattle as influenced by supplementation of various tocopherol compounds. AB - Twenty-four crossbred beef cows were used to investigate the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and tissues following oral administration of four tocopherol sources. Animals were allotted to the following treatments: DL-alpha tocopherol, D-alpha-tocopherol, DL-tocopheryl acetate and D-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Animals received a daily oral dose of 1,000 IU of the respective tocopherol treatment for 28 d and then were slaughtered. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 1, 7, 14 and 28 for tocopherol concentration assays, and samples from 10 different tissues were collected from slaughtered cows. Identification of alpha-tocopherol in tissues was confirmed by HPLC retention times and by comparison of mass spectra with that of alpha-tocopherol standards. The D-alpha-tocopherol and its acetate ester increased plasma tocopherol concentration faster than the racemic products, the greatest response occurring with D-alpha-tocopherol. Across all treatments, the highest alpha-tocopherol concentrations were noted in the adrenal gland and liver, the lowest in muscle and thyroid tissue. Tissue analyses confirmed that in adrenal gland, kidney, liver and lung, alpha-tocopherol concentrations were higher following D-alpha than DL-alpha-tocopherol supplementation. PMID- 3230083 TI - Effects of alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment of cotton and wheat straw on cellulose crystallinity and on composition and site and extent of disappearance of wheat straw cell wall phenolics and monosaccharides by sheep. AB - Effects of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment on cellulose crystallinity and cell wall phenolic monomer and monosaccharide composition were measured using cotton and wheat straw (WS). Two WS treatments were used in this study, Type I WS, for which pH is not regulated during AHP treatment, and Type II WS, for which pH is regulated at 11.5 +/- .2 during AHP treatment. Wheat straw had a lower degree of cellulose crystallinity than cotton, but no differences occurred between treated and untreated substrates. Alkali-labile and nitrobenzene extractable phenolic monomer concentrations were generally lower for Type I and Type II WS compared with untreated WS. Concentrations of glucose were higher and xylose and arabinose lower in Types I and II WS than in untreated WS. Disappearance of alkali-labile phenolic monomers and cell wall monosaccharides by wethers fed diets containing Type I (Exp. 1) or Type II (Exp. 2) AHP-treated WS were determined. Apparent digestibility of glucose and xylose before the duodenum, and of glucose, xylose and arabinose in the total tract, was greatest (P less than .05) when sheep were fed AHP-treated WS diets in both experiments. In Exp. 2, disappearance of alkali-labile phenolic monomers was greatest (P less than .05) before the duodenum and in the total tract when sheep were fed AHP treated WS diets. Treatment of WS with AHP modified cell wall composition and increased cell wall monosaccharide digestion by sheep. PMID- 3230084 TI - Evaluation of internal markers isolated by alkaline hydrogen peroxide incubation and acid detergent lignin extraction. AB - Samples from two experiments were used to evaluate the potential of ADL and alkaline peroxide lignin (APL; isolated by sequential, alkaline hydrogen peroxide [AHP] incubation and ADL extraction) for predicting digestibility of warm-season grass diets. Experiment 1 evaluated the influence of level of sorghum grain supplementation on utilization of immature bluestem-range grasses, and Exp. 2 evaluated the influence of supplemental protein x energy level interaction on the utilization of dormant bluestem-range grasses. Internal markers isolated in feed, orts and feces were 1) ADL and 2) APL with AHP incubation either before (APL-PRE) or after (APL-POST) the acid detergent extraction step in the ADL procedure. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) was calculated from the ratio of marker consumed to marker excreted for each internal marker and was compared with OMD from total collection. For Exp. 1 a treatment x marker interaction was observed (P less than .01). The APL-PRE procedure yielded OMD coefficients similar (P greater than .10) to total collection values within most treatments, but OMD coefficients from APL-POST and ADL differed (P less than .05) from total collection within all treatments except at the highest level of supplementation. For Exp. 2, predicted OMD values from ALP-PRE were similar (P greater than .10) to total collection values, whereas OMD predictions from APL-POST and ADL were different (P less than .01) from total collection. In conclusion, APL appears promising as an internal marker for bluestem-range grasses if AHP incubation is incorporated before the acid detergent extraction in the ADL procedure. PMID- 3230085 TI - The effects of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate intake on tissue copper and molybdenum in pregnant ewes and lambs. AB - Pregnant ewes (d 32 of gestation) were allocated to three treatments and given intraruminal controlled-release devices designed to deliver 0, 20 or 60 mg diammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) per day. Ewes given 20 or 60 mg TTM/d also received an oral drench of 120 or 360 mg TTM twice weekly commencing on d 86 of gestation. Liver and kidney samples were taken from lambs 48 h after birth and from ewes on d 18 postpartum. Trichloroacetic acid soluble Cu, ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismutase activities in the plasma of ewes were decreased (P less than .05) by TTM. Liver Cu concentrations were decreased (P less than .05), but kidney Cu concentrations increased (P less than .05) by 16-fold in ewes given the higher dose of TTM. Liver and kidney Mo concentrations were elevated (P less than .05) 9 and 30-fold, respectively, in ewes given TTM. Plasma glucose concentrations in ewes were decreased (P less than .05) by the highest level of TTM treatment. Lambs of ewes given TTM had a fivefold increase (P less than .05) in liver Mo concentration, but kidney Mo concentration was not affected (P greater than .05) and liver Cu concentration was reduced (P less than .05). In ewes, Mo apparently caused Cu to be mobilized from the liver and a Cu and Mo complex accumulated in the kidney. Some Mo crossed the placenta, but only limited Mo accumulated in the fetal livers. When given to pregnant ewes, TTM reduced liver Cu levels in the lambs but did not affect the concentration of Cu in colostrum. PMID- 3230086 TI - Effect of feed intake and exogenous porcine somatotropin on longissimus muscle fiber characteristics of pigs weighing 55 kilograms live weight. AB - Thirty two barrows were used in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effects of porcine somatotropin (pST) administration (USDA-pGH-B1; 0 and 100 micrograms.kg BW-1.d-1) and feed intake (FI; ad libitum [A], 1.64 [R1:80% of A] and 1.38 [R2:60% of A] kg/d) on longissimus (LM) muscle fiber characteristics of pigs growing from 25 to 55 kg live weight. The administration of pST resulted in an increase (P less than .05) in muscle fiber size (all three fiber types) and shear-force (17.1%). The percentage of muscle fiber types was not affected by pST treatment. Feeding of the diet at restricted levels (R1 and R2) resulted in smaller (P less than .05) beta R and alpha W fibers compared with feeding ad libitum. Pigs with ad libitum access to their diet had fewer alpha R fibers and more alpha W fibers in the LM compared with those fed at R1 and R2 levels. Restricted feed intake (R1 and R2) resulted in lower (P less than .05) shear force values compared with ad libitum feeding. The present study indicates that pST administration of young barrows results in an increase in muscle hypertrophy. Restricted FI reduces both transformation from alpha R to alpha W fibers and muscle fiber hypertrophy. PMID- 3230087 TI - The use of direct epifluorescent microscopy (DEM) and the direct epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT) to assess microbial populations on food contact surfaces. AB - Two rapid methods, direct epifluorescent microscopy (DEM) and the direct epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT) on swab resuspension fluids, were compared with the traditional total viable count (TVC) on swab resuspension fluids for their ability to enumerate surface populations of attached bacteria. The degree of error in estimating surface populations was shown to be significantly less with DEM than DEFT followed by TVC. DEM estimated populations in the range 3 x 10(3) to 5 x 10(7) colonies/cm2 whilst DEFT enumerated populations above 3 x 10(4) colonies/cm2 and TVC above 3 x 10(5) colonies/cm2 (as measured by DEM). Swabbing was shown to remove a constant proportion of organisms from the surface populations tested, although below 3 x 10(5) colonies/cm2 most of the organisms remained in the cotton matrix and were difficult to resuspend. DEFT was more able to enumerate swab resuspension fluids obtained from surface populations below 3 x 10(5) colonies/cm2 than was TVC. PMID- 3230089 TI - Head and neck tumours studied by MRI spin-echo technique. PMID- 3230088 TI - Studies on the irradiation of toxins of Clostridium botulinum and Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The effects of irradiation of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A (BNTA) and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in gelatin phosphate buffer and cooked mince beef slurries were investigated. Estimation of toxins by immunoassays showed that in buffer, toxins were destroyed by irradiation at 8.0 kGy; in mince slurries however, 45% of BTNA and 27-34% of SEA remained after this level of irradiation. At 23.7 kGy, over twice the dose of irradiation proposed for legal acceptance in the UK, 15% of BNTA and 16-26% of SEA still remained. Increasing concentrations of mince conferred increased protection against the effect of irradiation on both toxins. The biological activity of BNTA was more sensitive to irradiation than the immunological activity. Staphylococcal enterotoxin was more resistant to irradiation than BNTA. Irradiation should therefore only be used in conjunction with good manufacturing practices to prevent microbial proliferation and toxin production prior to irradiation. PMID- 3230090 TI - [ Comparison of the radiological image with ultrasonography of the normal breast]. PMID- 3230091 TI - Colon carcinoma as a cause of abdominal pain in a young patient. PMID- 3230092 TI - Detection of minor immunological differences among human "universal-type" alkaline phosphatases. AB - Two clones of monoclonal antibodies against swine alkaline phosphatase (ALPase; orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase, alkaline optimum, EC 3.1.3.1), which were useful in distinguishing human kidney and bone ALPases from liver ALPase, were successfully raised in mice. On the other hand, polyclonal antibody cross reacted not only with human kidney ALPase but also with all other human universal type ALPases. The difference in cross-reactivity of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies may be caused by the specific antigenicity of human enzymes. The monoclonal antibodies were able to recognize minor heterogeneity that could not be distinguished by their enzymatic properties. The present monoclonal antibody preparations will be utilized for clinical as well as basic investigations to detect minor heterogeneity among universal-type ALPases. PMID- 3230093 TI - A polypeptide growth inhibitor isolated from lactating bovine mammary gland (MDGI) is a lipid-carrying protein. AB - Mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI), a polypeptide growth inhibitor isolated from lactating bovine mammary tissue, previously shown to have extensive sequence homology with fatty acid-binding proteins, was demonstrated to meet the criteria of a fatty acid-binding protein. The protein was found to bind [3H]palmitic acid in a saturable manner and to be complexed with endogeneous free fatty acids. [3H]palmitic acid, when bound to the protein, was more rapidly taken up by the target cells (human mammary carcinoma cells [MaTu]) than was free [3H]palmitic acid, suggesting a lipid carrier function for the inhibitor. It is suggested that the fatty acid-binding properties of MDGI may relate to its ability to inhibit cell growth in vitro and to regulate other cellular functions. PMID- 3230094 TI - Performing drug studies in the elderly--a personal view on the ethical issues. PMID- 3230095 TI - The product is the sum of its parts. PMID- 3230096 TI - Women in pharmacy--a view from the U.K. PMID- 3230097 TI - Chemical stabilities of famotidine and ranitidine hydrochloride in intravenous admixtures. AB - The chemical stabilities of famotidine and ranitidine hydrochloride solutions in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injections have been studied using high performance liquid chromatographic methods (HPLC). Both the drugs were stable for at least 15 days (loss in potency of less than 10%) at 25 degrees C and 63 days at 5 degrees C. Both drugs were comparatively less stable in 5% dextrose injection than in 0.9% sodium chloride injection. The loss in the potency of phenol, which is added as a preservative to ranitidine hydrochloride injection, was significant in both the vehicles. However, the addition of preservative in a single dose vial is not considered necessary. PMID- 3230098 TI - Binding of drugs to end-line filters: a study of four commonly administered drugs in intensive care units. AB - The binding of diazepam, digoxin, dopamine and fentanyl to different 0.2 microns end-line filters was investigated under simulated infusion conditions. All the drugs were diluted in either 5% dextrose or 0.9% NaCl infusion fluid. For digoxin and diazepam a marked reduction in the amount of drug delivered to the patient in the first 20-60 min of infusion is observed. For dopamine, the drug loss was less pronounced and no fentanyl was absorbed to the filters during the infusion experiment. PMID- 3230099 TI - Investigations of some physiochemical properties of haloperidol which may affect its activity. AB - Since the clinical response to haloperidol varies from individual to individual, an investigation was carried out to investigate some of the physiochemical properties of haloperidol which may affect its pharmacological activity. The stability of haloperidol in aqueous solutions containing 1% lactic acid, with or without 0.1% methyl paraben, was investigated. A colorimetric method based on a reaction between methyl orange and haloperidol was used. The samples (0.5 mg/ml) were stored in glass and plastic containers at 25, 37, 50, 80 and 110 degrees C for 9 months. The resulting data were analysed using principles of chemical kinetics. The shelf-life of haloperidol solutions was estimated to be at least 4 years. Other physiochemical factors which can affect the pharmacological activity of haloperidol were investigated, namely its solubility and complex-forming properties. PMID- 3230101 TI - Effectiveness of theophylline monitoring by the use of serum assays. AB - Ten men and 10 women out-patients who were attending a chest diseases clinic and who received an oral theophylline preparation were studied to determine the effectiveness of the use of serum theophylline assays on the monitoring of their treatment. Criteria were laid down with regard to the indications for drawing blood samples, interpretation of the results and documentation. There were definite indications for drawing samples in nine patients, no indications in three patients, and relative contraindications in eight patients. There were inadequate records for 14 patients. Adequate records permitting full interpretation of the results were kept for six patients. The therapeutic range was not stated in the assay report from the laboratory. The daily theophylline dose was stated incorrectly for seven patients. The reports did not determine whether doses were stated as theophylline or aminophylline. Interpretation of the assay results was appropriate for nine patients and poor for five. Reports of the results were sent to 10 of the patients' general practitioners. Four of these letters stated the result in numbers. The letters were sent 1-2 weeks after the blood sample was taken. A number of recommendations are made as a result of this study. The use of serum theophylline assays could be improved. PMID- 3230100 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of ranitidine in plasma and urine. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of ranitidine in plasma and urine is described. Plasma samples were extracted with dichloromethane while urine samples were injected directly after dilution. The mobile phase consisted of: 0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer containing 0.01 M octane sulphonate, 5.3%; methanol, 31.6%; and acetonitrile, 63.1%. Detection was carried out at 330 nm. Metoclopramide was used as the internal standard. Peak height ratios were measured. Absolute recovery from plasma was 83-85%. Within and between day coefficients of variation ranged from 0.79 to 2.42% and 1.09-2.95% respectively. Plasma and urine samples from a healthy volunteer were analysed. PMID- 3230102 TI - [Meniscal lesions in so-called "isolated" ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament. Apropos of 59 cases]. AB - Between December 1984 and March 1987, i.e. a period of 27 months, the authors operated on 59 "isolated" fresh ruptures of the ACL with routine evaluation of the posterior horns of the medial and lateral menisci. Lesions were investigated either by arthroscopy (23 cases) or by anterior arthrotomy with routine medial and lateral retro-ligamentous counter-incision (36 cases). This revealed 21 lesions of the medial meniscus (i.e. 35.5%) and 38 lesions of the lateral meniscus (i.e. 64.5%). Lesions of both menisci were present in 16 knees (27%) and only 16 knees (27%) were found to be free of any meniscal lesion. The majority of meniscal lesions were viable and could be sutured in 86% of cases for the medial meniscus and 87% of cases for the lateral meniscus. From the standpoint of operative technique, posterior lesions are relatively poorly visualized by arthroscopy (notably concerning the posterior horn of the medial meniscus though it is easier to assess the stability of the meniscus by this technique using the palpating hook. Lesions are well visualized by medial and lateral retroligamentous counter-incisions, but it is difficult to assess meniscus stability. Finally it should be noted that all of these ruptures of the ACL were dealt with by reconstruction of the central pivot either by suture and a strengthening procedure (semitendinous) or by ligament plasty from the outset. PMID- 3230103 TI - [Extrahepatic digestive surgery in the cirrhotic patient]. AB - Extra-hepatic abdominal surgery is associated with a high degree of risk in cirrhosis patients. Thus mortality is between 8 and 67% and morbidity between 28 and 47%. The chief complications are hepatic insufficiency, sepsis and visceral failure (cardiac, renal and pulmonary). The risk differs according to the organ operated upon, it is less after ordinary cholecystectomy than following gastrectomy or partial colectomy. Herniorrhaphy was a good immediate prognosis. Prognostic factors are above all the presence of ascites, emergency surgery, clotting factors and hypoalbuminemia; mortality is of the order of 10% for child class A but 75% for class C. Improved results thus would require better patient selection and intensive preparation during the peri-operative period with in particular, prophylactic antibiotics in the case of contaminated surgery. PMID- 3230104 TI - [Can psychosis of neurons explain the low frequency of cancer in mental disease? Maybe]. PMID- 3230105 TI - [Inflammatory tumors of the cecum. Value of partial right colon resection]. PMID- 3230106 TI - [Ovarian metastasis of carcinoid tumor of the stomach]. PMID- 3230107 TI - [Antibioprophylaxis and appendectomy]. PMID- 3230108 TI - [Ovarian metastases of digestive cancers. Diagnostic and therapeutic management]. AB - Although ovarian metastasis of digestive cancers were well known since more 80 years, the management of ovaries is still discussed. The authors reviewed 112 cases of digestive tumors in female patients operated between 1973 and 1987, excluding the peritoneal carcinomatosis, and report 7 cases of ovarian metastasis. The primary carcinoma was gastric (2 cases) colonic (2 cases) appendicular (1 case) small bowel (1 case) and biliary tract (1 case). Because the severe prognosis and the frequent revealing and isolated feature of the ovarian metastases the authors review the literature in order to propose recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment according to the localisation, the grading of the primary tumor particularly in non menopausal patients. When the primary tumor is a mucinous signet-ring carcinoma with spread to the serosa and a gross abnormality of an ovary is discovered the oophorectomy should be performed. In every cases an immediate histological examination is absolutely necessary. Clinical and sonographic findings are included in the operative staging and the follow up of patients operated for a digestive adenocarcinoma. Especially if the ovarian tumor is bilateral a complete digestive check-up including appendix and biliary tract is necessary. PMID- 3230109 TI - [Surgical treatment of metastases of the humerus]. AB - Surgical treatment of metastasis disease of the humerus was applied for 46 lesions among 42 patients, i-e 22% of overall osteosyntheses for skeletal metastasis. Two patients only are still alive at 3 and 4 years. The mean survival time is 8.1 months and at 3 months 50% died. Metastasis disease of the humerus becomes evident late during the evolution of the primary cancer, but 26% are revealing lesions. For 9.5% the primary tumor remains unknown. After review of the surgical methods generally used, indirect osteosynthesis by intra-medullary pinning according to Hackethal, without bone cement, is alleged. So the arm is immediately mobilized and a complementary irradiation is applied in post operative. Prophylactic fixation of impending fractures is encouraged in order to suppress pain, and for better function. This paper demonstrates the changing concept of internal fixation of pathologic fractures and recommends intra medullary nailing or pinning. PMID- 3230110 TI - [Total rectal prolapse in young adults. Apropos of 10 cases in Africans]. AB - The authors described their African experience on the basis of ten cases of total rectal prolapse in the young adult and child. Total rectal prolapse and internal procidentia fall within the general context of disorders of rectal mechanics. In most instances, such forced prolapse occurs in young individuals who are usually muscular and used to difficult work. Nevertheless, defecation efforts in these chronically constipated patients play a significant role. Furthermore, there is frequently a concomitant presence of a megadolichosigmoid colon. In all cases treatment was surgical, involving rectopexy at the promontory using strips of fascia lata or even peritoneum. The post-operative course was in all cases uneventful with no recurrences and the routine prescription of adjuvant treatment for constipation. PMID- 3230111 TI - [Treatment and prevention of urinary stress incontinence by the Bologna procedure in prolapse with large cystocele. Surgical technic]. AB - Bologna's procedure allows the curative or preventive treatment for urinary stress incontinence during surgical cure of prolapse with large cystocele (2nd or 3rd degree). An infra-cervical sling is created with 2 vaginal bands dissected from the anterior colpocele, passed through the retropubic space on either side of the bladder neck and fixed to the abdominal wall, after making a suprapubic approach to the aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis muscle. This colposuspension technique, performed via a mixed approach, is generally accompanied by vaginal hysterectomy and colpectomy designed to treat the various elements of the prolapse. This operation is easily reproducible and the postoperative course is generally uneventful. The intermediate term anatomical and functional results are very satisfactory in women over the age of 60 years. There is not sufficient follow-up at the present time to consider this procedure for young women. PMID- 3230112 TI - [Extracorporeal lithotripsy and gallbladder lithiasis]. PMID- 3230113 TI - New strategies for the screening of a large number of immobilized dyes for the purification of enzymes. Application to the purification of enzymes from human haemolysate. AB - A method is presented for screening immobilized dyes applicable to the purification of enzymes from haemolysate (haemolysate can be considered as a nearly pure solution of haemoglobin containing only marginal amounts of enzymes). Haemolysate is loaded on immobilized dye mini-columns until haemoglobin and the studied enzymes are found in the column eluate at the same concentrations as those present in the haemolysate. Such a frontal mode of screening allows those dyes to be selected which, displaying a higher affinity for the enzyme of interest than for haemoglobin, can be used to displace the unwanted protein (haemoglobin) from the column by the enzyme of interest (present at a much lower concentration). PMID- 3230114 TI - Purification of human 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from human haemolysate with chromatography on an immobilized dye as the essential step and use of automation. Simultaneous purification of lactate dehydrogenase. AB - The screening procedure described in the preceding paper allowed a practical purification procedure to be devised that was automated for human 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The purification needed only two chromatographic steps, first on immobilized Procion Blue HE-GN and then on Phenyl-Sepharose. This technique also gave purified lactate dehydrogenase. Both enzymes showed single bands in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3230115 TI - Improvement of chemical analysis of antibiotics. XIV. Identification of the components of bacitracin using normal- and reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 3230117 TI - Assessment of provitamin A determination by open column chromatography/visible absorption spectrophotometry. AB - Determination of provitamin A content by open column chromatography/visible absorption spectrophotometry is assessed using food samples of varying carotenoid composition. A general method consisting of extraction with acetone, transfer to petroleum ether, saponification (optional), concentration, separation on activated MgO:Hyflo Supercel column developed with 1 to 15% acetone in petroleum ether, and quantitation of individual provitamins spectrophotometrically demonstrates repeatability comparable with that of high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods. Overnight saponification (10% methanolic KOH, ambient temperature) does not degrade the provitamins and is unnecessary for kale, tomato, and squash; however, it is required for good separation of papaya carotenoids due to the presence of carotenol esters. The current Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method is found to be inappropriate because (1) the volume of extracting solvent is not adjusted to the type of sample; (2) the less active alpha- and gamma-carotene, alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin, and 5,6 monoepoxy-beta-cryptoxanthin (50% active) are quantified as beta-carotene (100% active); (3) inactive carotenoids such as xi-carotene and zeinoxanthin are also quantified as beta-carotene. PMID- 3230116 TI - Direct liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic aminoglutethimide and its acetylated metabolite using a chiral alpha 1-acid glycoprotein column. AB - A 10-cm long alpha 1-acid glycoprotein column is used for the enantiomeric resolution of the clinically used racemic aminoglutethimide (+/- AG) and its acetylated metabolite (+/- AAG). A direct liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic aminoglutethimide and its acetylated metabolite is accomplished without any derivatizations. Maximum resolutions of 1.37 and 0.73 are obtained for the enantiomers of aminoglutethimide and its acetylated metabolite, respectively. The effect of the 2-propanol content in mobile phase on retention and enantioselectivity of aminoglutethimide and its acetylated metabolite is demonstrated. The variation of the separation factors (alpha) with pH in enantiomeric separation of aminoglutethimide is also shown. PMID- 3230118 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic assay of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, guaifenesin, and sodium benzoate in an expectorant syrup. AB - An ion-pair reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay is developed that allows simultaneous quantitation of guaifenesin, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, and sodium benzoate in an expectorant syrup. The method is rapid and accurate. Average recoveries of 99.6, 99.8, and 99.7% with relative standard deviations of 0.5, 0.9, and 0.2% are obtained for guaifenesin, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, and sodium benzoate, respectively, from laboratory prepared samples. Chromatographic conditions are selected to afford a pH that provides adequate separation of guaifenesin, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, sodium benzoate, and sodium saccharin and a detection wavelength that effectively compensates for the great disparity in quantity between guaifenesin and dextromethorphan hydrobromide present in syrups. The relationships between the retention volume of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and the alkyl chain length as well as the concentration of the counterion are studied. The retention profiles for sodium saccharin, guaifenesin, sodium benzoate, and dextromethorphan hydrobromide in the apparent pH range of 2.5 to 6.6 are established. PMID- 3230119 TI - Endocrinology of assisted procreation. Papers from the First and Second ESHRE Workshop on Reproductive Medicine. European Society of Human Reproduction. Bonn, FRG, January 1987 and Brussels, January 1988. PMID- 3230120 TI - Hyperstimulation: the need for cryopreservation of embryos. AB - Successful application of in-vitro fertilization (IVF), zygote intra-Fallopian transfer (ZIFT) and gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) requires ovarian hyperstimulation for the maturation of multiple follicles. To control the risk of multiple pregnancies, the number of gametes (GIFT) or embryos (IVF, ZIFT) replaced is limited to three. For the supernumerary embryos resulting from IVF, ZIFT or GIFT, the strategy is cryopreservation for a later transfer. Cryopreservation was performed using either dimethylsulphoxide or 1,2-propanediol as a cryoprotective agent. Embryos were frozen either in the pronucleate stage with 1,2-propanediol or in the multicellular stage with dimethylsulphoxide or 1,2 propanediol. Survival after thawing was scored for both cryoprotective agents as a function of the developmental stage of the embryo and the embryonic quality. Evaluation of survival after thawing was performed on the basis of morphological intactness of the 1-cell pronucleate embryo or of the blastomeres of multicellular embryos. For pronucleate stage embryos, the use of 1,2-propanediol resulted in a 60% survival after thawing. For 2-cell stage embryos the survival was similar for dimethylsulphoxide and 1,2-propanediol. Later stage embryos survived better when dimethylsulphoxide was the cryoprotectant. For all stages, embryo quality before freezing was a crucial factor in survival after thawing. The pregnancy rate (12.2%) was similar for the two cryopreservation protocols. In conclusion, the choice of an appropriate cryoprotective agent can increase the survival after thawing when embryos are of good quality before freezing. PMID- 3230121 TI - Transvaginal sonographically guided oocyte retrieval for in-vitro fertilization. AB - Between December 1986 and November 1987, 588 transvaginal sonographically guided oocyte retrievals using a vaginal transducer were performed for in-vitro fertilization. All follicles were accessible. No complication occurred except for one case of pelviperitonitis in a patient with preoperatively diagnosed sactosalpinx. Because this technique is safe, non-invasive and can be performed without general anaesthesia, eggs were also retrieved from patients despite poor hormonal values and endogenous LH surge. In all, clinical pregnancies were diagnosed in 85 patients. Pregnancy rates per embryo transfer, oocyte retrieval and stimulated cycle, respectively, were 19.0, 14.5 and 12.0%. The advantages of the transvaginal technique compared with laparoscopically guided and with other sonographically guided techniques of oocyte retrieval are obvious, e.g. no general anaesthesia, in general all follicles accessible, very low complication rates, little discomfort to patient, less time and fewer staff. Therefore, this technique seems to be the method of choice. Laparoscopically guided oocyte retrieval is only indicated when a laparoscopic screening of pelvic organs or a gamete intra-Fallopian transfer are to be performed simultaneously. PMID- 3230122 TI - Sonographic techniques in human in-vitro fertilization programmes. AB - The value of ultrasound in programmes of in-vitro fertilization is discussed. In order to reach the ovaries, the transvesical route was first introduced, and proved less invasive than laparoscopy. The periurethral route has also been used. The transvaginal approach, especially using a vaginal transducer with an attached needle guide, has attracted many IVF groups and is widely used today. Details of this method are presented. Ultrasound has also been used to assist in the replacement of embryos into the uterus, and the various methods are described. PMID- 3230123 TI - Intrauterine insemination: a European collaborative report. AB - This report summarizes the data collected in the European Collaborative Report on intrauterine insemination (IUI) with pretreated sperm. A questionnaire concerning methods and results of IUI was sent to European infertility clinics and evaluable data were obtained from 29 of these clinics. A total of 196 pregnancies was reported from a total of 20 clinics. Pregnancy rates per treatment cycle were on average 7.4% of all male infertility, 10.8% for infertility due to hostile cervical mucus and 12.9% for idiopathic infertility, giving an overall pregnancy rate per treatment cycle of 8.4%. The clinical abortion rate was on average 12.2%. The mean number of years of primary infertility in the patient group of the clinics reporting pregnancies was 4.8 years and the mean number of years of primary infertility in the patient group conceiving was 5.2 years. A total of 127 births was reported with a sex ratio (male/female) of 0.512. One congenital malformation was reported. In many clinics, treatment of male infertility with IVF or IUI gave comparable results per treatment cycle. No single factor in the procedure for performing IUI was identified accounting for the different pregnancy rates obtained in the clinics included in this study. PMID- 3230124 TI - Embryo donation in patients with primary ovarian failure. AB - Thirty-six infertile patients with primary ovarian failure, who were referred for oocyte (embryo) donation are reported. After substitution therapy with oestradiol valerate (per os) and progesterone (i.m. or per os), endometrial tissue was made receptive for embryonic implantation, although the endometrial biopsies on day 21 demonstrated a certain delay in development (of 1.6-2.4 days). Six patients became pregnant, three of them delivered four healthy babies, one pregnancy is progressing normally and two ended in an early clinical abortion. PMID- 3230125 TI - Campylobacter cryaerophila isolated from a human. AB - Campylobacter cryaerophila was recovered from a single stool specimen of a 35 year-old homosexual man who presented with intermittent diarrhea for 4 to 6 months. The isolate was identified as C. cryaerophila by using biochemical reactions and confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization and gas-liquid chromatograph profiles. The base composition of DNA of the isolate was found to be 31.1 +/- 1 mol% (G+C). C. cryaerophila was previously reported to be associated with bovine and porcine abortions in animals. We believe this is the first report of recovery of C. cryaerophila from human stool. PMID- 3230126 TI - Role of the 92.5-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Campylobacter jejuni in serological reactions. AB - Outer membrane proteins from 12 strains of Campylobacter jejuni were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with rabbit antisera prepared against Formalin-treated cell suspensions of three of the strains. The 92.5-kilodalton protein was confirmed to be a minor outer membrane protein and exhibited serological heterogeneity. Serological specificities of the proteins, however, were found not to correlate with serotypic specificities of the strains, as demonstrated by slide agglutination tests with whole-cell suspensions. The results suggested that the 92.5-kilodalton proteins were not likely to be participating antigenic determinants in the immunological reactions that give rise to agglutination of live-cell suspensions in the slide test. PMID- 3230127 TI - Species-specific oligonucleotide probes for rRNA of Clostridium difficile and related species. AB - The large copy number of rRNA makes it an appealing target for oligonucleotide probes designed to identify microorganisms. Given that nucleotide sequences in rRNA are known to reflect phylogeny, species-specific rRNA probes should be feasible if the sequences found in closely related species are different. We sequenced portions of the 16S rRNA of three closely related clostridia found in the human colonic microflora: Clostridium bifermentans, C. sordellii, and C. difficile. The rRNAs of these three species showed 97 to 98% sequence similarity. Five oligonucleotide probes complementary to unique segments of the sequences were end labeled with 32P and hybridized on a nylon filter to the immobilized rRNA of each clostridium. Each probe efficiently hybridized only to the rRNA of the species to which it was directed. Complementary probes emitted a signal that exceeded by a factor of 100 to 1,000 the signal of probes that mismatched the target rRNA by 2 to 5 bases. Even a 1-base difference in rRNA sequence allowed a clear distinction between species. A systematic approach can efficiently yield taxon-specific oligonucleotide probes directed at rRNA. PMID- 3230128 TI - Repetitive sequence element cloned from Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis provides a sensitive diagnostic probe for bovine leptospirosis. AB - A repetitive sequence element was cloned from the primary etiological agent causing bovine leptospirosis in North America, Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis. This element was used to design a sensitive diagnostic probe which distinguishes hardjo-bovis from other pathogenic leptospires which commonly infect domestic animals in North America and discriminates between hardjo-bovis and the reference strain for serovar hardjo, hardjoprajitno. By using this probe, it was possible to identify infected cattle shedding hardjo bovis in their urine. This is the first practical demonstration of a cloned DNA probe for leptospirosis, and it provides a sensitive method for studying the transmission and pathogenesis of L. interrogans infections. Control measures for L. interrogans infections may now be improved by rapidly and efficiently identifying infected animals. PMID- 3230129 TI - Evaluation of a latex agglutination test for the detection of Salmonella and Shigella spp. by using broth enrichment. AB - We evaluated the Bactigen Salmonella-Shigella Latex Agglutination Slide Test (Wampole Laboratories, Div. Carter-Wallace, Inc., Cranbury, N.J.) for detection of Salmonella and Shigella spp. in enrichment broth cultures (gram-negative broth incubated for 24 h) as part of the routine testing of stool samples. A total of 1,128 stool samples were screened by using this test. Of 29 samples culture positive for Salmonella spp., 25 were positive with the Salmonella test (sensitivity, 86.2%; specificity, 96.2%). Of four stool samples culture positive for Shigella spp., two were detected with the Shigella latex reagent. Overall, the Shigella test had a specificity of 99.2%. Testing of enrichment broth cultures after 24 h of incubation was more sensitive than was testing after 6 h of incubation. When used for direct culture identification, both reagents had a specificity of greater than 98.0%. We conclude that the Salmonella test may be useful as an enrichment broth screening test to detect Salmonella spp.; however, we cannot make any conclusions about the Shigella test because of the low number of culture-positive specimens in this study. PMID- 3230130 TI - Staphylococcus aureus capsular types and antibody response to lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Chronic respiratory tract infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are common in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Recently, it was shown in a few CF patients that S. aureus isolates produce capsular polysaccharides (CPs). However, it is not known whether this is a common feature and whether an immune response to CPs in CF is detectable. Therefore, we examined 170 S. aureus isolates from CF patients and healthy individuals for production of CP types 5 and 8 by using monoclonal antibodies. We found that CP-producing staphylococcal isolates were randomly distributed among CF patients and healthy carriers. Eighty-five percent of all isolates produced CPs, 77% of which were type 8. Examination of one sputum sample by an immunofluorescence technique suggested that production of CPs is not an in vitro phenomenon. S. aureus isolates from various sites of a single person often yielded more than one CP type. A random distribution of S. aureus strains with CP type 5 or 8 from the skin and respiratory tracts of patients and from the skin of healthy individuals was found. Antibody response to CP types 5 and 8, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was not elevated in CF patients with chronic S. aureus lung infection in comparison with healthy carriers. On the contrary, in CF patients the ratios of antibodies to CP 8 were significantly lower (P less than 0.005; alpha = 0.025). The ratios of antibodies to CP types did not change when monitored longitudinally over several months. This study suggests that the production of CPs is a universal property of S. aureus and that infected CF patients do not have elevated ratios of antibodies to these antigens. PMID- 3230132 TI - Diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by using a new serologic method. AB - The present study was performed to develop a serological method for diagnosing toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The trophozoite form of Toxoplasma gondii, fixed with either Formalin or acetone, was used in a modification of an agglutination method previously shown to differentiate between the acute and the chronic (latent) stages of infection with toxoplasma in immunologically normal persons. By using these antigens in separate tests and evaluating the data for statistical significance, 70% of patients with AIDS with biopsy-proven toxoplasmic encephalitis were distinguished from control, ambulatory patients with AIDS with toxoplasma antibodies but without signs or symptoms of central nervous system involvement. In a separate study, the agglutination tests identified from controls 84% of patients with AIDS with two or more brain lesions detected by computed-tomographic or magnetic resonance-imaging scans and suspected of having toxoplasmic encephalitis. Thus, these agglutination tests should prove valuable for the noninvasive diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. PMID- 3230133 TI - Comparison between radioimmunoassay and direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for determination of antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide. AB - Levels of antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide were determined in acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples obtained from 21 children with invasive H. influenzae type b infections and from 44 children vaccinated with two H. influenzae type b vaccines. Amounts of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA antibodies were measured by direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the total amount of antibodies was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results obtained by ELISA were calculated by multiple-point parallel-line comparison and by endpoint analysis. A very good correlation was obtained between direct and indirect ELISA values. In the lower range of antibody concentrations, the correlation between ELISA values obtained by endpoint analysis and those obtained by multiple-point parallel-line comparison was poor, since the latter method of calculation yielded values of up to 1 microgram/ml in sera that were negative according to endpoint analysis. These sera with negative endpoint titers also had undetectable or very low antibody concentrations as measured by RIA. Consistent with this finding, in acute-phase and prevaccination sera with undetectable or low antibody concentrations as measured by RIA, ELISA values calculated by multiple-point parallel-line comparison were much higher. In sera with higher antibody concentrations, however, parallel-line comparisons showed good correlation between RIA and ELISA values. Although no reference method for measuring true antibody concentrations is available, ELISA values as calculated by multiple point parallel-line comparison appear to overestimate antibody concentrations in sera containing low antibody concentrations, whereas ELISA values obtained by endpoint analysis are less well correlated with RIA values at higher concentrations. PMID- 3230131 TI - Identification of a Yersinia pestis-specific DNA probe with potential for use in plague surveillance. AB - A 900-base-pair DNA fragment derived from a 9.5-kilobase plasmid in Yersinia pestis hybridized specifically with Y. pestis DNA. We demonstrated the feasibility of using this DNA fragment to detect plague bacilli directly in fleas, suggesting that this Y. pestis-specific DNA probe may be used for plague surveillance in the field. Additional applications for this DNA probe may include plague diagnosis and pathogenesis research. PMID- 3230134 TI - Calculation of antibody affinity in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. AB - Antibody affinity is an important determinant of all antibody-antigen reactions. A new computer program, AFCRV, was developed to calculate binding constants with data from a radioimmunoassay on most microcomputers in the laboratory by using constant-ratio dilution curves. Evaluation of a homogeneous or heterogeneous antibody in the presence of a single antigen can be accomplished. PMID- 3230135 TI - Genome variants of human adenovirus types 40 and 41 (subgroup F) in Japan. AB - Nineteen strains of fecal adenovirus were typed as adenovirus type 40 (Ad40) by restriction enzyme analysis of the DNA, using SmaI. The DNAs of the strains were further compared by digestion with four other enzymes, namely, HindIII, EcoRI, BglI, and BamHI. At least two different restriction profiles were found to exist for BamHI. Of the 19 strains studied, 17 had the same combination of profiles for all of the enzymes. Thirteen strains of fecal adenovirus were typed as Ad41 by restriction enzyme analysis of the DNA, using SmaI. The DNAs of the strains were further compared by digestion with four other enzymes, as for Ad40. At least two different restriction profiles were found to exist for each enzyme. Of 13 strains, 9 had the same cleavage sites for all of the enzymes, indicating a close relationship. Two strains were genome variants which deviated from the common genome on digestion of the DNA with HindIII. One strain was a genome variant which deviated from the common genome on digestion of the DNA with HindIII and EcoRI. The last one had a combination of restriction sites which was not identical to those of other strains on digestion of the DNA with SmaI. All 13 Ad41 strains studied were easily distinguished from Ad40 strains by using any of the five restriction enzymes. PMID- 3230136 TI - Correlation of the suicide phenomenon in Aeromonas species with virulence and enteropathogenicity. AB - Certain strains of mesophilic aeromonads (Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sorbria, and A. caviae), when grown in broth containing 0.5% glucose, undergo growth inhibition concomitant with acetate accumulation. Because these strains are nonviable after 24 h, this phenomenon is termed suicide. We investigated suicidal strains of Aeromonas species as a means of understanding animal virulence and enteropathogenicity. To assess virulence, batches of five white mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(7) cells (washed) of suicidal and nonsuicidal strains of A. hydrophila and A. sobria and suicidal strains of A. caviae. The three nonsuicidal strains of A. sobria tested showed lethality as early as 12 h and were uniformly fatal within 36 h postinoculation. After 36 h, the three suicidal strains killed only 1 of 15 mice inoculated. Four A. hydrophila strains tested which showed the suicide phenomenon at 37 degrees C were variably lethal (40 to 100%). None of three suicidal strains of A. caviae were lethal. Enteropathogenicity was studied by orally inoculating three white mice each with the same Aeromonas strains (10(8) cells, in skim milk) and assessing diarrhea and intestinal fluid accumulation. Diarrhea and fluid accumulation were present in all mice inoculated with two nonsuicidal strains of A. sobria and in 4 of 12 mice given four suicidal strains of A. hydrophila. Two suicidal strains each of A. sorbria and A. caviae failed to elicit any gastrointestinal disturbances. These data suggest that the suicide phenomenon may explain strain-specific (A. sobria and A. hydrophila) and species-specific (A. caviae) virulence and enteropathogenicity. PMID- 3230137 TI - Borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding La Crosse, Wis. AB - This investigation defined the extent of Borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding La Crosse, Wis. White-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus or P. maniculatis, were captured from sites in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa and cultured for B. burgdorferi to define the local boundaries of the midwestern Lyme disease area. All foci of B. burgdorferi infection (N1, N2, N3, and N4) were located north of interstate highway 90 except focus S2, which was south of the highway near Fort McCoy, Wis. The interstate highway may have been a barrier to deer movement which slowed the southward dispersal of Ixodes dammini. B. burgdorferi was isolated from 12 (63%) of the mice captured from site N4, which was adjacent to the western border of Fort McCoy. Unexpectedly, no B. burgdorferi infected mice were isolated at site N0, located north of interstate highway 90 and enclosed by areas in which B. burgdorferi infection is endemic. This site is surrounded by natural barriers which may have slowed the spread of I. dammini by deer. The Wisconsin area in which B. burgdorferi is endemic should now include the surrounding area north of interstate highway 90 west from Fort McCoy to the Mississippi River. Additional studies are needed to define the rapidity, limits, and means of I. dammini dispersal into southern Wisconsin. PMID- 3230138 TI - Nucleic acid hybridization for detection of cell culture-amplified adenovirus. AB - A number of recombinant plasmids containing genomic segments of adenovirus were constructed. Seven cloned probes, as well as total adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) and Ad16 genomic DNA, were tested by a nucleic acid hybridization technique for sensitivity and specificity in detecting adenoviruses in infected cells. Adenovirus DNA was spotted onto a nitrocellulose filter and hybridized with 32P labeled DNA probes. The probes, total Ad2 genomic DNA, and plasmid pAd2-H (containing the hexon gene from Ad2 DNA) all detected 10 reference serotypes of five genomic subgroups (A through E) with similar sensitivities. However, plasmid pAd2-H required less preparation time than did total Ad2 DNA. Probes pAd2-F (containing the fiber gene from Ad2) and pAd16-BD (containing the BamHI D fragment from Ad16) hybridized only with reference serotypes from the homologous subgroups (C and B, respectively). Of 101 patient isolates amplified in cells, pAd2-H detected 100% of all isolates from both the homologous and the heterologous subgroups. The detection rates for pAd2-F were 100% (subgroup C) and 3.6% (subgroups A, B, and D), and those for pAd16-BD were 100% (subgroup B) and 9.4% (subgroups A, C, and D). A commercial biotinylated product (Pathogene II) was also included in this study for comparison. PMID- 3230139 TI - Improved Syva MicroTrak Chlamydia trachomatis direct test method. AB - Recent changes in the MicroTrak Chlamydia trachomatis Direct Specimen Test (Syva Company, Palo Alto, Calif.) have led to improved product performance. The use of the recommended cervical cytology brush can significantly increase the number of endocervical cells collected, and fixation with methanol increases the intensity of elementary-body staining in many specimens. PMID- 3230140 TI - Campylobacter hyointestinalis: an opportunistic enteropathogen? AB - A new case of Campylobacter hyointestinalis-associated diarrhea in a human is reported. The medical history of the patient was significant for immunodeficiency because of an evolutive chronic myeloid leukemia. The diarrhea rapidly stopped after administration of oral erythromycin. No other enteropathogenic agent was found by routine examination of stools. Although neither serology nor autopsy was available, this observation appears to be suggestive of the possible enteropathogenicity of C. hyointestinalis for patients at risk. PMID- 3230141 TI - Early detection of influenza virus by using a fluorometric assay of infected tissue culture. AB - A fluorometric substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-ketoside of N acetylneuramide, was used directly on clinical specimens and infected tissue culture 24 h after inoculation for the detection of influenza viral neuraminidase. Viral neuraminidase was detected in infected tissue culture but not in clinical specimens. The sensitivity of the assay on tissue culture was 92%, and the specificity was 96%. PMID- 3230142 TI - Microtiter method for MIC testing with spherule-endospore-phase Coccidioides immitis. AB - A method was developed for susceptibility testing with spherule-endospore-phase Coccidioides immitis by using a microtiter format. Isolated endospores were used to inoculate wells containing modified Converse medium with various concentrations of azole or nikkomycin antifungal substances which then were sealed with an acetate film. The plate was incubated at 37 degrees C with shaking for 96 h, after which the control wells had visible turbidity and endpoints were discernible. Microscopic examination revealed that both control and treatment wells maintained cells predominantly in the spherule-endospore phase of growth. PMID- 3230143 TI - Pseudoappendicitis caused by Plesiomonas shigelloides. AB - A 20-year-old patient was hospitalized with clinical signs of acute appendicitis. After surgery, the histological findings in the appendix and a lymphatic node suggested the diagnosis of pseudoappendicitis caused by Plesiomonas shigelloides, which was isolated in pure culture from the lymphatic node. The strain of P. shigelloides was found to elaborate a heat-stable toxin and harbored two plasmids of 280 and 4 kilobases. A large plasmid has previously been implicated as a virulence marker in P. shigelloides infections. PMID- 3230144 TI - Isoelectric focusing of ureases from Campylobacter pylori and related organisms. AB - Agarose gel isoelectric focusing was used to determine the isoelectric points of ureases from strains of gastric campylobacterlike organisms isolated from ferrets (pI 5.4), baboons (pI 5.7), and pigs (pI 5.9) and from isolates of Campylobacter pylori in humans (pI 5.9). This technique may help differentiate these closely related bacteria. PMID- 3230145 TI - Drug regulation in South Africa. AB - South Africa has a population of approximately 30 million people. The country has a mixture of advanced industrial and rural economies, but the medicine control system is consistent with similar systems established in the major industrial countries of Western Europe and North America. Because most of South Africa's population lives in conditions more closely akin to the developing world than to the Western nations, it is important to examine whether the country is optimally served by this drug regulation model and to define critically the strengths and limitations of the established system. The conclusions might be relevant for other countries at a comparable stage of development. PMID- 3230146 TI - Pharmacologic effects of A-56234, a new high-ceiling diuretic. AB - The pharmacokinetic characteristics, the diuretic, saluretic, and uricosuric properties, and the safety of single, rising, oral doses of A-56234, a new high ceiling diuretic, were evaluated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross over study. Each of three groups of eight subjects received placebo and three different single doses of the diuretic at 1-week intervals. Doses ranged from 0.5 to 80 mg. Significant, dose-related increases in urine volume and in urinary excretion of sodium and chloride were produced during the 24 hours after administration of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg of the drug. Uricosuria was not observed at any dose. The drug was rapidly absorbed and displayed linear pharmacokinetics within the dose range studied. The elimination-phase plasma half-life was approximately 6 hours. Hepatic clearance was the main route of excretion in humans; only 2 to 10% of the parent drug was excreted in the urine. The drug was well tolerated and no clinically important adverse events were noted. PMID- 3230147 TI - The effect of encapsulated, low-dose colestipol in patients with hyperlipidemia. AB - Colestipol is an effective cholesterol (C)-lowering agent, but it must be taken in large doses and the palatability is poor. In an open-label study, the effects of low doses (2-10 g) of encapsulated colestipol (size: 1 g or 0.65 g) were investigated. There were 16 men and 16 women with an average age of 59 +/- 11 years and with hyperlipidemias IIA, IIB, or IV. Patients were on AHA I diet and stayed in the study for up to 2 years with regular follow-up every 3 to 4 months. Colestipol was started after several months of dietary baseline; it was tolerated well with only two patients reporting mild constipation. A group mean for total cholesterol (T-C), LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides (TG) was calculated at each of four daily dose intervals, i.e., 2 to 4 g, 4 to 6 g, 6 to 8 g and 8 to 10 g. Each patient usually received more than one of the four dosage intervals. A paired t test and a rank sum test were performed to test for significant (P less than or equal to .05) differences between baseline and drug treatment. With the exception of the lowest dose, total C was significantly decreased by all dosage ranges and LDL-C changes were similar. There was no significant effect on HDL-C and VLDL-C whereas TG levels increased at 4 to 6 g and 8 to 10 g dose. The use of diet and low colestipol doses may be considered in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia who do not respond to diet alone. PMID- 3230148 TI - Improved exercise tolerance by i.v. fructose-1,6-diphosphate in chronic, stable angina pectoris. AB - The effect of IV fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) on transient, reproducible myocardial ischemia was evaluated in ten patients, aged 50 to 66 years, with chronic, stable exertional angina. FDP or placebo (glucose) were administered between basal and posttreatment ergometric stress testing; an identical procedure was repeated in each patient with the second treatment on the following day according to a single-blind, cross-over design. FDP improved exercise tolerance and total work capacity, significantly delaying the onset of ST-segment depression and angina. Nevertheless, the critical level of the rate x pressure (R X P) product, causing appearance of myocardial ischemia, was not remarkably changed. However, the R X P product at same workload was significantly lower after FDP. These results suggest that improved exercise tolerance might have resulted from peripheral (increased oxygen delivery to skeletal muscle) rather than from central (cardiac) effects of FDP. PMID- 3230149 TI - Pharmacokinetics of iothalamate in endstage renal disease. AB - Some nephrologists make alterations in routine peritoneal and hemodialysis schedules after diagnostic studies that use radiographic contrast agents. A study to determine the pharmacokinetics of one contrast agent, iothalamate, is reported. The plasma (total body) clearance of iothalamate was measured in seven patients who had endstage renal disease (ESRD) and who received maintenance hemodialysis. During an interdialytic period, plasma clearance of iothalamate varied from 0.7 to 5.2 mL/min (3.1 +/- 1.8 mL/min, mean +/- SD) with an elimination rate constant (beta) of 0.0164 +/- 0.01 hr-1, a terminal half-life of 61 +/- 42 hours, and an estimated distribution volume of 11 +/- 3.9 L. Hemodialysis clearance of iothalamate was 104 +/- 54 mL/min. With the assumption that iothalamate is mainly distributed in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment, the theoretical fluid shift from the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment to the ECF compartment was 323 mL after administration of the largest dose (2.1 mL/kg or 1.6 mmol/kg of body weight) of 60% meglumine iothalamate solution. The average maximum serum osmolarity change was less than expected, suggesting some type of internal buffering of meglumine iothalamate. In the first few hours after radiocontrast administration in four patients, the average change in serum osmolarity was 5 mmol/L; the average change in serum sodium concentration during this same time was a decrease of 0.5 mmol/L. The minor increase in ECF volume induced by hyperosmolar contrast agents does not require immediate dialysis in most patients. When needed, however, for contrast-related adverse effects, hemodialysis is efficient in rapidly removing iothalamate. PMID- 3230150 TI - An evaluation of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and dialyzability of verapamil in chronic hemodialysis patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of verapamil were investigated in six chronic hemodialysis patients. A single oral 120-mg dose was administered both on a non-hemodialysis day and a hemodialysis day separated by greater than or equal to 7 days. Blood pressure and PR interval were measured simultaneously with each blood sample. Plasma verapamil and norverapamil concentrations were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. The mean Cmax, tmax, AUC, apparent plasma clearance, and terminal t 1/2 were 190 +/- 108 ng/mL, 0.6 +/- 0.2 hour, 676 +/- 443 ng.hr/mL, 3926 +/- 1933 mL/min, and 11.4 +/- 4.0 hr, respectively, on the nonhemodialysis day. The dialysis clearance of verapamil and norverapamil was negligible. The t 1/2 during hemodialysis was 3.6 +/- 1.1 hr, compared with 3.4 +/- 0.7 hr during the same period of time postdose on the nonhemodialysis day (NS, P greater than .05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased for up to 4 hours postdose, whereas the PR interval tended to increase. Conclusions include: (1) the single oral-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of verapamil in chronic hemodialysis patients are similar to published data in normal subjects and cardiac patients and (2) verapamil and norverapamil are not significantly removed by hemodialysis, so that supplemental doses are not necessary. PMID- 3230151 TI - Correlation between verapamil plasma concentration and P-R prolongation in essential hypertension. AB - Plasma verapamil concentration was correlated with serial electrocardiographic P R intervals in patients with essential hypertension receiving immediate-release (80 to 120 mg three times a day) or sustained-release (240 mg daily) verapamil. The mean P-R interval in 22 patients taking placebo and immediate-release verapamil was 0.18 second. The borderline first-degree atrioventricular block of three patients did not change during treatment. Plasma verapamil concentrations of patients with a P-R interval longer than 0.20 second and of those with a P-R interval of 0.20 second or less were 169 +/- 73 ng/mL and 63 +/- 8 ng/mL, respectively. Six patients taking sustained-release verapamil had a maximal mean P-R interval of 0.19 +/- 0.01 second during 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. P-R intervals were 0.22 second or more in two patients, but they returned to normal by hour 7 for one and by hour 20 for the other patient. In summary, transient P-R prolongation occurred with oral verapamil therapy, but no patient, regardless of baseline P-R interval, developed high-grade atrioventricular block. PMID- 3230152 TI - Effects of food on the bioavailability of CGS 16617, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, in healthy subjects. AB - CGS 16617, a direct-acting angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, was administered as a single dose of 20 mg in aqueous solution to 12 healthy male volunteers on two occasions in a randomized, cross-over design study. On one occasion, the dose was administered after an overnight fast; on the other occasion, it was administered after subjects ate a standard breakfast. Administration of CGS 16617 after food was associated with statistically significant decreases in peak plasma concentrations (58%) and areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (23%) compared with drug administration in the fasted state. Also, the time to peak plasma concentration was increased (57%) in a statistically significant manner when CGS 16617 was administered after food. Thus, the ingestion of food decreased both the rate and extent of absorption of this drug, but the mechanism of the interaction is unknown at present. PMID- 3230153 TI - Influence of hypo and hyperthermia on disposition of morphine. AB - Using morphine as a prototype opiate anesthetic, the dispositional changes and cardiovascular effects during hypothermia (30 degrees C) and hyperthermia (40 degrees C) in dogs under isoflurane anesthesia was assessed. Single intravenous bolus injection of 1 mg/kg morphine resulted in a significant and sustained decrease in mean arterial pressure in hypothermic, but not in hyperthermic or normothermic (37 degrees C) conditions. Hypothermic dogs showed significantly higher levels of morphine both in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast, hyperthermia did not affect these levels. Body temperature did not affect the t1/2 alpha, however t1/2 beta and mean residence time were significantly increased while volume of distribution at steady state and total body clearance were decreased during hypothermia. The results provide evidence that hypothermia is likely to be associated with a sustained increase in opiate levels and might be associated with a enhanced side effects. The results suggests the need for a controlled clinical trial to assess the dose of opiate anesthetics during hypothermia. PMID- 3230154 TI - Primary health care through a community based smoking-cessation program. AB - The International Conference on Primary Health Care, meeting in Alma-Ata, in the Soviet Union, September 12, 1978, expressed the need for urgent action by all governments, all health and development workers and the world community, to protect and promote the health of all people of the world. The world was caught by the phrase which emerged from this conference, "Health For All by the Year 2000" and many have examined the articles of the Alma-Ata declaration and tried to implement them in their corner of the world. This paper describes a community based smoking-cessation program which was implemented in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, during the years 1980-1984. Primary to this project was the belief that people have the right and the duty to participate individually and collectively in planning and implementing their health care. This paper describes one community's effort in putting this belief into practice. PMID- 3230156 TI - A partnership in health education between a neighborhood school and a community hospital. AB - This paper reports the results of a cooperative effort between a community teaching hospital and a neighborhood Intermediate School to promote health education in an urban setting. The liaison stemmed from the need to educate a large, multi-ethnic student population and, through it, the community. To this end, the administrative, teaching, and medical staffs of the school and hospital prepared a series of health education events designed to provide needed information. The subjects included: Mental Health, Urgent Care, Personal Hygiene, Nutrition, Eating Disorders, Substance Abuse, Teenage Sexuality, Depression, Suicide, and Family Relationships. This paper describes the results of a student questionnaire designed to measure the effectiveness of one of the programs and provide a venue for student suggestions. These suggestions were incorporated into subsequent programs. This cost-free partnership was one of six programs chosen as being outstanding in the field of education in New York City. It was the recipient of the Council of Supervisors and Administrators Education Program Award for 1987, New York City. PMID- 3230155 TI - Self-reported referral patterns in practices of family/general practitioners, internists, and obstetricians/gynecologists. AB - A profile of referrals can help to define the characteristics of a physician's practice. Self-reported referral patterns in the practices of Family/General Practitioners (FP/GP), Internists (IM), and Obstetricians/Gynecologists (OB/GYN) in Maryland were assessed with a questionnaire mailed to an area sample of 1,715 physicians. A 65% response rate was obtained after three mailings (weighted N = 1,487). Self-reported referrals received per month averaged 16% of patients seen (six percent FP/GP, 13% OB/GYN, 23% IM), and were more frequent among self employed, younger, metropolitan and female physicians who spent less time in patient care. Self-reported referrals made per month averaged ten percent (10% FP/GP), 11% IM, and eight percent OB/GYN), and were higher for physicians in metropolitan areas. The correlation between percentage referrals received and percentage referrals made was r = .19 (r = .03 FP/GP, r = .21 IM, r = .25 OB/GYN). Self-reported practice referral patterns are similar to referrals reported in prior studies, and can be used to consider specialty differences in referral behavior of physicians. PMID- 3230157 TI - Sensory innervation of the hairs of the rat hindlimb: a light microscopic analysis. AB - The sensory innervation of the hair follicles of the furry skin of the rat hindlimb has been investigated by using the Winkelmann silver technique to stain peripheral axons and their terminals. This technique was found to stain only large- and medium-sized dorsal root ganglion cells and all laminae of the dorsal horn except lamina II, and therefore it is likely that, while A beta and A delta afferent fibres in the skin are stained, C fibres are not. Small vellus hairs were the commonest type of hair on the hindlimb particularly above the ankle. Many were not innervated. Those that were had lanceolate terminals arranged as palisades parallel to the hair shaft with circumferential presumptive Ruffini piloneural complexes and free nerve endings external to this. Circumferential innervation patterns without palisades were not uncommon but palisades without circumferential fibres were rare. Guard hairs which varied considerably in size were the next commonest hair type. Considerably more of these were innervated, by three-to-15 afferents forming both palisades of ten-to-30 lanceolate terminals and circumferential terminals. Both the innervated vellus and guard hairs had an associated vertical fibre projecting toward the epidermis. Tylotrichs, the largest hairs on the hindlimb, were rare (1-2%) and were only found above the ankle, but all were densely innervated by many axons. A prominent single nerve contributed to an annular complex by forming a bilaminar arrangement of lanceolate and circumferential terminals within the outer connective tissue sheath. Each tylotrich had an associated Merkel cell-neurite complex (haarscheiben). Differences in the distribution, innervation density, and phase in the growth cycle of the different hair types were found for skin from different regions of the hindlimb, which, together with the extent of the polyneuronal innervation of most follicles, has important implications for the processing by the somatosensory system of the afferent input generated by brushing hairs. PMID- 3230158 TI - Ultrastructure of taste cells and synapses in the mudpuppy Necturus maculosus. AB - Taste buds in the mudpuppy Necturus maculosus were examined with electron microscopy. Three cell types (dark, light, and basal) were identified and reconstructed from serial thick sections. Dark and light cells extend from the basal lamina to the surface of the tongue. The apical process of the dark cells was usually quite lamellar when viewed in cross section, in contrast to light cells, whose apical process appeared more cylindrical. Basal cells are situated at the base of the bud and do not extend processes to the surface of the tongue. The cytoplasm of basal cells contains numerous clear and dense-cored vesicles. Small, spinelike processes (2-3 microns in length) project outward from the basal cells into the cytoplasm of the surrounding tast receptor cells. Morphologically, basal cells in mudpuppy taste buds resemble Merkel cells. Unmyelinated afferent nerve fibers enter the taste bud at the base and course through the lower portion of the bud. Synapses were found between taste receptor cells and nerve fibers, between basal cells and nerve fibers, and between basal cells and taste receptor cells. Over 65% of the synapses observed in the mudpuppy taste bud involved the basal cell. These findings suggest that basal cells play some role in chemosensory signal processing or integration of the taste response. PMID- 3230160 TI - Organization of the motor nuclei in the cervical spinal cord of salamanders. AB - The distribution and cytoarchitecture of motor nuclei of the cervical spinal cord were studied by using HRP techniques (whole mounts and sections) in 22 species of salamanders (families Hynobiidae, Dicamptodontidae, Ambystomatidae, Salamandridae, and Plethodontidae) representing a wide variety of life histories and functional modes of feeding. The nucleus of the first spinal nerve extends from the level of, or slightly caudad to, the root of the tenth cranial nerve, almost to the ventral root of the second spinal nerve. Approximately one-half of this nucleus is situated in the brainstem. This anterior extension is longest in bolitoglossine plethodontids. The nucleus of the second spinal nerve extends from the root of the first spinal nerve to the dorsal root of the second spinal nerve. The nuclei of the first and second spinal nerves in all species except bolitoglossines have motor neurons arranged in two columns: a lateral one containing large spindle-shaped cells and a medial one containing pear-shaped or polygonal smaller cells. The primary dendrites of these lateral and medial cells are parallel and their arborization is relatively narrow. In contrast, bolitoglossines lack the lateral motor column. The nucleus of the first spinal nerve consists only of a medial band of pear-shaped and sometimes polygonal cells, and the nucleus of the second spinal nerve is a wider band of pear-shaped and polygonal cells which are always situated inside the periventricular gray matter. The arrangement of the somata in bolitoglossines is less organized and the primary dendrites are less parallel and have a broader arborization than in other salamanders. In all species, cells in the second spinal nucleus are arranged in a less orderly manner than those in the first. All salamanders studied possess a spinal accessory nerve whose motor neurons are located in the cervical spinal cord; the axons leave the brainstem with fibers of the vagus nerve. The rostrocaudal extent of this nucleus differs markedly among species. In bolitoglossines the nucleus is more or less restricted to the region of the nucleus of the second spinal nerve. In all other species studied, the accessory nucleus extends from the obex to the caudal end of the nucleus of the third spinal nerve. In the tribe Plethodontini the cytoarchitecture of the accessory nucleus is similar to that of the second spinal. In desmognathine and hemidactyliine plethodontids as well as in all nonplethodontid species studied the nucleus consists of pear-shaped and cone-shaped cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3230159 TI - Topography and cytoarchitecture of the motor nuclei in the brainstem of salamanders. AB - The organization of the motor nuclei of cranial nerves V (including mesencephalic nucleus), VI, VII, IX, and X is described from HRP-stained material (whole mounts and sections) for 25 species representing five families of salamanders, and the general topology of the brainstem is considered. Location and organization of the motor nuclei, cytoarchitecture of each nucleus, and target organs for nuclei and subnuclei are described. The trigeminal nucleus is separated distinctly from the facial and abducens nuclei and consists of two subnuclei. The abducens nucleus consists of two distinct subnuclei, one medial in location, the abducens proper, and the other lateral, the abducens accessorius. The facial nucleus has two subnuclei, and in all but one species it is posterior to the genu facialis. The facial nucleus completely overlaps the glossopharyngeal nucleus and partially overlaps that of the vagus. In bolitoglossine plethodontid salamanders, all of which have highly specialized projectile tongues, the glossopharyngeal and vagus nuclei have moved rostrally to overlap extensively and intermingle with the anterior and posterior subnuclei of the facial nerve. In the bolitoglossines there is less organization of the cells of the brainstem nuclei: dendritic trunks are less parallel and projection fields are wider than in other salamanders. Some aspects of function and development are discussed; comparisons are made to conditions in anurans; and phylogenetic implications are considered. PMID- 3230161 TI - Intrinsic connections within and between cochlear nucleus subdivisions in cat. AB - The cat cochlear nuclear complex (CNC) is divided into three major subdivisions: the anteroventral, the posteroventral, and the dorsal cochlear nuclei (AVCN, PVCN, and DCN, respectively). Each of these subdivisions receives a topographic projection from the cochlea and each consists of a number of different cell types. The interconnections between these subdivisions and the cell types which give rise to them were studied by means of small injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) made at physiologically identified locations. DCN injections resulted in few labeled cells in the DCN, suggesting that its internal connections are very limited. In contrast, these same DCN injections resulted in numerous labeled cells in the PVCN and AVCN. Labeled PVCN cells, consisting of multipolar, octopus, and small spindle-shaped cells, were located in spatially restricted laminae stretching the entire rostrocaudal length of the nucleus, while labeled AVCN cells consisting of multipolar, globular, small spindle-shaped and small spherical cells were broadly distributed over the posterior half of the nucleus. Similar injections placed in the PVCN resulted in numerous labeled cells in all three subdivisions. The PVCN and AVCN cells labeled after PVCN injections were widely distributed across the isofrequency representations in both nuclei, while the labeled DCN cells were restricted to locations over the injection sites. Injections placed in the posterior half of the AVCN resulted in only very few labeled cells in the DCN. No cells were labeled following injections in the rostral AVCN. PMID- 3230162 TI - Topographic analysis of the retinal ganglion cell layer and optic nerve in the sandlance Limnichthyes fasciatus (Creeiidae, Perciformes). AB - The sandlance or tommy fish Limnichthyes fasciatus (Creeiidae, Perciformes) is a tiny species that lives beneath the sand with only its eyes protruding and is found throughout the Indopacific region. The retina of the sandlance possesses a deep convexiclivate fovea in the central fundus of its minute eye (1.04 mm in diameter). A Nissl-stained retinal whole mount in which the pigment epithelium had been removed by osmotic shock was used to examine the retinal topography of the ganglion cell layer. There was a foveal density of between 13.0 x 10(4) cells per mm2 (S.D. +/- 1.8 x 10(4) cells per mm2), counted in the retinal whole mount, and 15.0 x 10(4) cells per mm2, counted in transverse sections, which diminished to a peripheral density of 4.5 x 10(4) cells per mm2 (S.D. +/- 0.8 x 10(4) cells per mm2). The total population of axons within the optic nerve was assessed by electron microscopy. Optic axon densities ranged from 2 x 10(6) axons per mm2 in the caudal apex to over 16 x 10(6) axons per mm2 within a specialized region of unmyelinated axons in the rostral apex. The topography of the proportion of unmyelinated axon population (26%) follows closely that of the total population of optic nerve axons. There was a total of 104,452 axons within the optic nerve compared with 102,918 cells within the retinal ganglion cell layer. A close relationship is revealed between ganglion cell soma areas and axon areas where the organization in the optic nerve and retina may reflect some functional retinotopicity. PMID- 3230163 TI - Sequential development of connections between striate and extrastriate visual cortical areas in the rat. AB - In these experiments we have asked whether the projection from the rat's primary visual cortex, area 17, to the extrastriate visual cortical area 18a is formed in a sequence and whether that sequence resembles the pattern of inside-out cortical neurogenesis. For this purpose fluorescent retrograde tracers were injected into area 18a at different postnatal ages (P1, P5, adult). Animals survived until 3-4 weeks of age, after migration is complete and neurons have arrived at their final laminar location. In the ipsilateral cortex, P1 injections retrogradely labeled cells in layers 5 and 6 of area 17. Labeling after P5 injections extended into more superficial layers and included the bottom of layer 2/3 and layers 4-6. After P5, more labeled cells were found at the top of layer 2/3, producing the adult laminar pattern, where the projection originates predominantly from layer 2/3. A similar sequence of laminar labeling was observed in the transcallosal connection of area 18a. This sequence of labeling, deep layers before superficial, resembles the pattern in which cortical neurons are born and indicates that axons arrive at their cortical targets in the order the cells were generated. PMID- 3230164 TI - Distribution of muscarinic receptor subtypes within architectonic subregions of the primate cerebral cortex. AB - The regional distributions of muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1 and M2) in the macaque brain were investigated by in vitro receptor autoradiography. Putative muscarinic receptor subtypes were distinguished by their differential affinities for pirenzepine and carbachol in competition with [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate. Autoradiographic visualization of muscarinic receptor subtypes demonstrated marked regional and laminar variations that respected architectonic boundaries. The M1 receptor subtype was widely distributed throughout most cortical areas and was most intense over the superficial layers. Almost all limbic and paralimbic regions including the amygdala, hippocampus, orbitofrontal, temporopolar, parahippocampal, cingulate, and parolfactory areas displayed peak densities of the M1 receptor subtype. The M2 receptor subtype was selectively elevated in the primary sensory areas of all five sensory modalities, including the visual (area 17, V1), auditory (A1), and somatosensory (3b, S1) koniocortices, the anterior olfactory nucleus, and the gustatory area. The primary motor area also displayed a relative peak of M2 receptor subtype labeling. In the hippocampal formation, M1, M2, and nicotine receptors were distributed differentially, with each subdivision having a specific complement of cholinergic receptor subtype. The M1 receptor subtype was prevalent in the dentate gyrus, the CA4-CA3 region, and the CA1 ammonic sector. The M2 receptor subtype was concentrated in the CA2 sector, the subiculum, the rhinal cortices, and the parasubiculum. Putative neural nicotinic receptors, tagged with L-[3H]-nicotine, were most concentrated within the presubiculum. PMID- 3230165 TI - Direct projection of the corticospinal tract to the superficial laminae of the spinal cord in the rat. AB - The anterograde transport of both wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and the kidney bean lectin Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin was utilized to investigate the projection of primary sensorimotor corticospinal tract axons to the superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn in the rat. Both methods yielded qualitatively similar patterns of connectivity. Corticospinal tract axons were found to terminate within all laminae on the side contralateral to the injection site. Labeling was most dense within laminae III and IV and medial portions of laminae I, II, and V in the cervical and lumbar enlargements. Labeling in the ventral horn, though present, was relatively less dense. P. vulgaris leucoagglutinin-labeled axons within laminae I and II exhibited boutons en passant and terminaux; many of these axons also terminated or were collaterals of axons that terminated in deeper dorsal horn laminae. Results are discussed with reference to the somatotopic organization of the spinal cord and to a possible role for the cortex in the modulation of nociception within the spinal cord. PMID- 3230166 TI - Transient projections from the lateral geniculate to the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian visual cortex in kittens. AB - The postnatal maturation of the projection from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian visual cortex (PMLS) was studied with injections of fluorescent dyes into the PMLS at various postnatal ages. Labeled neurons projecting to the PMLS were present in all laminae of the ipsilateral lateral geniculate on the day of birth. However, there was a conspicuous change in the distribution of labeled geniculo-PMLS neurons by 11 days of age: now very few labeled neurons were present in lamina A, indicating a loss of geniculo-PMLS connections. The loss of connections began at the peripheral margins of lamina A and proceeded through other laminae toward laminae C1-3. By adulthood, labeled geniculo-PMLS neurons were largely confined to laminae C1-3; they were never observed in lamina A or A1 and were rarely observed in lamina C. To determine whether the lateral geniculate neurons survived after their projections to PMLS were lost, injections of fast blue were made at 1 or 2 days postnatally and the animals were allowed long postinjection survival times. Labeled neurons were found in all lateral geniculate laminae, thereby indicating that for many neurons the loss of connections could be attributed to a loss of their axon collaterals rather than to the death of the neurons themselves. After injections of fast blue into the PMLS and diamidino yellow dihydrochloride into area 17 shortly after birth, many double-labeled neurons were present in all laminae, indicating that they have collaterals to both targets. Thus, the survival of many of the geniculo PMLS neurons contributing to the transient geniculo-PMLS projection seems to be due to sustaining collateral projections to area 17 or other cortical targets. PMID- 3230167 TI - Plasticity in the developing chick visual system: topography and maintenance of experimentally induced ipsilateral projections. AB - The present work examines the topography of the contra- and ipsilateral centrifugal projections from the isthmooptic nuclei (IONs) to the remaining retina in monocular chick embryos. After removal of the left eyecup at embryonic day (E)1.5, the IONs were investigated at various embryonic stages by the retrograde transport of fluorescent dyes and horseradish perioxidase (HRP) injected into the remaining eye. The projection of the ipsilateral ION was consistently found at E13 and frequently disappeared by E18 to E19. Selective regional labeling of the remaining retina in monocular embryos with DiI (1,1' dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate) revealed that the retinotopic order of the enhanced projection from the ipsilateral ION corresponded precisely to the normal one from the contralateral ION. The formation of the projection from the retina to the ipsilateral tectum was also investigated at E18 to E19 by means of intravitreally injected HRP or rhodamine-B isothiocyanate (RITC) in monocular embryos after early eyecup removal. In cases with persistent ION, the eye enucleations resulted in ipsilateral retinotectal projections consisting of varying numbers of retinofugal fibers. The data are consistent with the view that there is a certain degree of plasticity in the embryonic development of the chick visual system. If an ION projection to the ipsilateral retina is strongly developed, it is retinotopically organized and probably influences the maintenance of the ipsilateral retinotectal projection. The stabilization of the otherwise transiently formed ipsilateral retinotectal projection may be influenced by the tectal neurons which receive retinal input and are efferently connected with persisting ION neurons. PMID- 3230168 TI - Laminar distribution and morphology of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactive neurons in the medial and dorsomedial areas of the cerebral cortex of the lizard Podarcis hispanica. AB - The morphology and laminar distribution of immunolabeled neurons in the medial and dorsomedial telencephalic cortices of the lizard Podarcis hispanica were examined in vibratome sections after preembedding gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunocytochemistry. In both cortical areas and at all rostrocaudal levels, GABA immunoreactive neurons were found in all cortical layers, with the largest number (74%) of GABA-positive cells in layer 3. GABA-positive neurons were classified into pyramidlike, vertical-fusiform, multipolar, and horizontal neurons. Cells that could be so classified were counted in each cortical lamina. In the medial cortex, multipolar and horizontal-bipolar cells dominated layer 1. Layer 2 displayed mainly horizontal and pyramidlike cells at its outer margin and pyramidlike cells at its inner margin. In layer 3, horizontal cells were the prevalent group. In the dorsomedial cortex, layer 1 mainly contained small multipolar neurons (35% of layer-1 cells) in its outer third and vertical fusiform neurons (37% of layer-1 cells) in its inner two thirds. In layer 2, 47% of the few GABA-positive perikarya were pyramidlike. The largest population of neurons in layer 3 was that formed by multipolar cells (45% of layer-3 cells). Ultrastructural examination revealed that GABA-immunoreactive neurons possessed indented euchromatic nuclei with a central nucleolus. Their cytoplasm contained numerous mitochondria and a very well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. Their somata were contacted by numerous unstained boutons making asymmetric contacts and by a few symmetric synapses of GABA-positive terminals. Dendrites of GABA-immunoreactive cells were thin, with irregular outlines, and generally aspinous. Like the somata, dendrites were contacted by many unstained asymmetric synapses. Some dendritic profiles also received symmetric contacts from GABA positive boutons. GABA-positive terminal-like puncta were found throughout the layers, with a maximal concentration in layer 2. Electron microscopy confirmed that nearly all of the puncta represent GABA-positive terminal boutons. Comparison of GABA-immunoreactive cells in Podarcis with those found in the mammalian hippocampus suggests that these cells may be inhibitory neurons, as in the hippocampus of mammals. PMID- 3230169 TI - Ultrastructure of ChAT-immunoreactive synaptic terminals in the thalamic reticular nucleus of the rat. AB - The thalamic reticular nucleus has been shown to receive cholinergic innervation from both the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the forebrain and the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei in the brainstem (Steriade et al.: Brain Res. 408:372-376, '87; Levey et al.: Neurosci. Lett. 74:7-13, '87). Relatively dense populations of choline acetyltransferase-(ChAT) immunoreactive axons and terminallike varicosities have been shown to be distributed throughout this nucleus (Levey et al.: J. Comp. Neurol. 257:317-332, '87). In this study, the ultrastructure of ChAT-immunoreactive axons and of their synaptic terminals in the reticular nucleus was examined in the electron microscope. All ChAT immunoreactive axonal profiles in the reticular nucleus were presynaptic; the postsynaptic elements were exclusively dendritic profiles; and no axo-axonic or axosomatic contacts from labelled axons were observed. Most ChAT-immunoreactive synaptic contacts were made by profiles less than 0.25 micron in minor diameter. Single ChAT-immunoreactive axons made synaptic contact with several dendritic profiles as the axons were followed through serial sections. These results suggest that the cholinergic innervation of the reticular nucleus will modulate the function of reticular neurons by synapsing onto the dendrites of its neurons without direct effect on the corticothalamic and thalamocortical terminals which also innervate the reticular nucleus. PMID- 3230170 TI - High-resolution 2-deoxyglucose mapping of functional cortical columns in mouse barrel cortex. AB - Cortical columns associated with barrels in layer IV of the somatosensory cortex were characterized by high-resolution 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) autoradiography in freely behaving mice. The method demonstrates a more exact match between columnar labeling and cytoarchitectonic barrel boundaries than previously reported. The pattern of cortical activation seen with stimulation of a single whisker (third whisker in the middle row of large hairs--C3) was compared with the patterns from two control conditions--normal animals with all whiskers present ("positive control")--and with all large whiskers clipped ("negative control"). Two types of measurements were made from 2DG autoradiograms of tangential cortical sections: 1) labeled cells were identified by eye and tabulated with a computer, and 2) grain densities were obtained automatically with a computer-controlled microscope and image processor. We studied the fine-grained patterns of 2DG labeling in a nine-barrel grid with the C3 barrel in the center. From the analysis we draw five major conclusions. 1. Approximately 30-40% of the total number of neurons in the C3 barrel column are activated when only the C3 whisker is stimulated. This is about twice the number of neurons labeled in the C3 column when all whiskers are stimulated and about ten times the number of neurons labeled when all large whiskers are clipped. 2. There is evidence for a vertical functional organization within a barrel-related whisker column which has smaller dimensions in the tangential direction than a barrel. There are densely labeled patches within a barrel which are unique to an individual cortex. The same patchy pattern is found in the appropriate regions of sections above and below the barrels through the full thickness of the cortex. This functional arrangement could be considered to be a "minicolumn" or more likely a group of "minicolumns" (Mountcastle: In G.M. Edelman and U.B. Mountcastle (eds): The Material Brain: Cortical Organization and the Group-Selective Theory of Higher Brain Function. Cambridge: MIT Press, '78). 3. Within the stereotyped geometry of the barrel field, there is considerable individual variation in the radial labeling distribution in corresponding (homotypical) columns of different cerebral hemispheres. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that dynamic processes operate to determine the connection strengths between neural elements in somatosensory cortex. It provides a basis for testing various "connectionist" and "group selection" theories of neural organization and development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3230171 TI - Central trajectories of type II spiral ganglion neurons. AB - Previous attempts to trace the central pathways of the thin axons from type II spiral ganglion neurons have been hampered by technical difficulties such as fading of the reaction product as distance increases from the injection site (Ryugo et al.: Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 12:779, '86; Brown: J. Comp. Neurol. 260:591 604, '87). By using small rodents (gerbils and mice), which have short auditory nerves, we have succeeded in filling the entire central axon and terminals of type II neurons after peripheral injections of horseradish peroxidase. The general course of the type II fibers within the auditory nerve and cochlear nucleus is similar to that of type I fibers except that terminals from type II neurons are often found in regions of the cochlear nucleus that have high densities of granule cells. PMID- 3230172 TI - Brainstem branches from olivocochlear axons in cats and rodents. AB - Horseradish peroxidase was used to label axons of olivocochlear (OC) neurons by intracellular injections in cats and extracellular injections in rodents. These axons arise from cell bodies in the superior olivary complex and project to the cochlea. En route to the cochlea, the thick axons (greater than 0.7 micron diam.) of medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons formed collaterals that terminated in the ventral cochlear nucleus, the interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve (in cats), and the inferior vestibular nucleus (in rodents). The thin axons (less than 0.7 micron diam.), presumed to arise from lateral olivocochlear (LOC) neurons, did not branch near the CN. Within the CN, the MOC collaterals tended to ramify in and near regions with high densities of granule cells, regions also associated with the terminals of type II afferent axons (Brown et al.: J. Comp. Neurol. 278:581-590, '88). These results suggest that those fibers associated peripherally with outer hair cells (MOC efferents and type II afferents) are associated centrally with regions containing granule cells, whereas those fibers associated with inner hair cells peripherally (LOC efferents and type I afferents) are not. PMID- 3230173 TI - Dense-cored vesicle-containing components of the terminal nerve of sharks and rays. AB - This paper describes electron microscopic observations of dense-cored vesicle containing axons, cell bodies, and endings of the terminal nerve in several elasmobranchs. The vesicles are found in two apparent cell types, one with a polymorphic nucleus and another with an oval nucleus. The types may correspond to cells producing one each of two neuropeptides (LHRH and FMRF-amide) that have previously been localized in the nerve. Dense-cored vesicles are found in many unmyelinated fibers in both the terminal nerve proper and its major ganglia. Some of these form complicated structures with interdigitation and wrapping of membranes. Vesicle-containing fibers branch from the nerve, run along nearby blood vessels, and appear to end adjacent to endothelial cells which demonstrate vesicular activity. The observations suggest terminal nerve neurosecretion into the cerebral circulation. Synapses are found in and near the ganglia where they appear to be axodendritic, with multiple contacts in some cases. PMID- 3230174 TI - Neuroanatomical studies of the nigrotectal projection in the cat. AB - We have used retrograde and anterograde transport methods to analyze the nigrotectal projection in the cat. This projection arises from both pars reticulata (SNr) and pars lateralis (SNl) and distributes to all cellular laminae of the superior colliculus. This extensive nigrotectal innervation is not a simple, single circuit. Rather it appears to consist of several parallel channels, with each taking origin from a particular zone of the substantia nigra and terminating within specific collicular laminae and/or sublaminae. For instance, only neurons within the SNl project to the stratum griseum superficiale; such neurons also project diffusely to all other tectal laminae. Cells in the most lateral portion of the SNr project to a horizontal, patchy tier in the interface region between the stratum opticum and the stratum griseum intermediate (SGI). Finally, more medially placed neurons within the SNr project to a horizontal patchy tier within the middle of the SGI and to a wedge-shaped locus in the stratum griseum profundum. Our findings provide an anatomical substrate for electrophysiological data (Karabelas and Moschovakis: J. Comp. Neurol. 239: 309-329, '85) showing a widespread distribution of nigrorecipient tectal neurons in the cat. PMID- 3230175 TI - Obsessive compulsive disorders in adolescence. AB - This article reports our experience with 14 adolescent cases of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). In contradistinction to other reports in the literature, our results were quite good with these patients. Although we used recommended treatment measures (exposure in vivo and clomipramine drug therapy), we found a good prognosis to be independent to these specific measures. In fact, adolescents tend not to cooperate very well with behaviour therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, on the other hand, was often quite useful. Our conclusion is that non-specific milieu therapy leads to recovery in a majority of adolescent obsessive compulsives. We are not sure as to how long these remissions will last on follow-up. PMID- 3230176 TI - Identity status and personal construct systems. AB - The relationship between identity status and the structural features of an individual's personal construct system or self-theory was investigated. Personal constructs relevant to 10 contemporaneous roles (myself as a friend, student, son/daughter, and so on) were elicited from 75 late adolescents who also completed an identity-status measure. Correlational analyses between identity status scores and structural features of the self-system revealed a theoretically interpretable pattern of interrelationships. The implications of these findings for future research is considered. PMID- 3230177 TI - Adolescent sex-role orientation and ego identity. AB - This study investigated the relationship between sex-role development and ego development in a sample of 9th-12th grade Anglo-American and Mexican-American students attending high school in a southwestern state. All students were administered: (a) the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (Grotevant and Adams, 1984) as a measure of ego development (i.e., diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and identity achievement), and (b) the Personal Attributes Questionnaire Short Form (Spence, Helmreich and Stapp, 1975) as a measure of masculinity and femininity. Results indicated no ethnic differences in the relationship between ego identity and masculinity/femininity. Adolescents who were identity achieved on ideological identity formation had significantly higher levels of masculinity than did moratorium, foreclosed, and diffused individuals. For interpersonal identity, identity achieved adolescents had higher levels of both masculinity and femininity than did individuals who were foreclosed, diffused, or in moratorium. Discussion centered on these results in light of the additional finding that there was little shared variance (eta2) between masculinity, femininity and ego identity. PMID- 3230178 TI - Moving to change: action groups in an out-patient setting. AB - This paper presents an account of setting up and running an "Action Group" in an out-patient setting. The ideas and aims underlying "Action Groups" are presented through a contrast with Social Skills Training. The paper illustrates the way in which this "therapeutic philosophy" informs the details which are attended to in defining such a group's boundaries, procedure and purpose. A typical group session is described, and the paper seeks to illustrate how the therapeutic potency of such work is intimately related to the clarity of the group's boundaries and structure. PMID- 3230179 TI - Psychopathology and management of hospitalized Ethiopian immigrant adolescents in Israel. AB - Over a period of about 12 months a large number of Ethiopian Jews emigrated to Israel under very stressful conditions. Many of these immigrants were adolescents who came on their own, leaving their families behind. Despite the culture shock involved, most have done well. Nine of these youngsters, who developed psychiatric disabilities severe enough to warrant hospitalization, were referred to us. In this paper we describe the clinical and management problems posed by these patients. PMID- 3230180 TI - Failure in school, family conflicts, and psychosomatic disorders in adolescence. AB - Adolescence is considered to be a transitory phase in the life course. It is hypothesized that failure in school, which carries the risk of an occupational and social "downward mobility" in the future life course in comparison to the family of origin, can function as a social "stressor" which has detrimental effects on the social and emotional climate within the family and manifests itself in symptoms of stress such as psychosomatic disorders. The results are based on a questionnaire survey carried out with a representative sample of 1717 students aged 13-16 in West Germany. The data support the hypotheses: psychosomatic symptom frequency is reinforced when adolescents experience failure in school and social and emotional conflict in their relationships with parents. Multivariate analysis shows that these effects are interconnected: failure in school has a direct effect on the frequency of psychosomatic disorders, and an indirect effect by influencing social and emotional conflicts in the family. The underlying causes for the tensions between adolescents and their parents are conceived in the social and economic opportunity structures of the society. PMID- 3230181 TI - A comparison of childhood backgrounds of teenage mothers and their non-mother peers: a new formulation. AB - Thirty-nine teenage mothers and 35 non-mothers, acquired by snowball sampling, provided data regarding their demographic and childhood backgrounds for an exploratory, hypothesis-generating study. Teenage mothers tended to have experienced foster care, family violence, parental substance abuse, lower educational achievements, as well as violence, alcohol abuse, and lower education among their boyfriends to a greater extent than did non-mothers. These results were discussed in terms of a new formulation of antecedents to teenage pregnancy. PMID- 3230182 TI - Casein gene expression in bovine mammary gland. AB - The objectives were to examine the rate of synthesis of casein mRNA transcripts in bovine mammary tissue at different hormonal states and to study the effects of hormonal stimuli (insulin, hydrocortisone, and prolactin) on the accumulation of casein mRNA and on the rate of protein secretion by epithelial cells from bovine mammary tissues. Total cytoplasmic RNA was extracted from mammary tissues of cows obtained by biopsy (8 mo pregnant) and upon slaughter (lactating). The relative specific activities of cytoplasmic mRNA for alpha s1-, alpha s2-, beta-, and kappa-casein were about 3.2, 4.6, 3.3, and 4.5-fold higher in tissues of lactating cows than in those of 8 mo pregnant cows. Mammary alveolar epithelial cells retained hormone-inducible milk protein gene expression for total milk protein gene expression for total milk protein secretion and for alpha s1- and beta-casein messages. Prolactin, even in the absence of insulin and hydrocortisone, induced significant amounts of milk protein mRNA. Hydrocortisone in the presence of prolactin amplified the lactogenic effects on mammary epithelium. Maximal induction of beta-casein mRNA and protein secretion occurred when all three hormones were present. PMID- 3230183 TI - Milk protein secretion by explants of prepubertal bull mammary tissue: breed differences. AB - Production of milk proteins in response to hormonal stimuli was studied in organ culture of mammary tissue from prepubertal Angus or Holstein bulls. Bulls were injected with estradiol and progesterone for 7 d and slaughtered on d 15. Mammary tissue explants were cultured for 96 h in basal medium containing insulin, hydrocortisone, and triiodothyronine or in stimulatory medium, further supplemented with prolactin. Selected cultures were incubated in the presence of [3H]-amino acids. Content of alpha S1-casein in cultures from Angus bulls was increased 3-fold in medium, and 6-fold in explant homogenates, relative to cultures from Holstein bulls. Concentration of 3H-labeled protein was greater in medium (2.3-fold) of Angus versus Holstein cultures. Overall, alpha-lactalbumin content in medium and homogenates tended to be higher in Angus cultures. Prolactin increased alpha-lactalbumin and casein in medium, and alpha-lactalbumin and [3H]-protein in homogenates. We conclude that mammary tissue of immature bulls can be induced to produce milk proteins and that prolactin enhances production. Genetic (breed) differences in responses were observed, although the greater productivity of explants from Angus compared with explants from Holstein bulls was unexpected. Nevertheless, use of measurements such as these may provide data for sire selection. PMID- 3230184 TI - N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in whole milk and milk fractions. AB - Experiment 1 was conducted to determine NAGase activity in skim, fat, and cell pellet fractions of foremilk and stripping milk from infection-free quarters. Changes in milk NAGase activity during a 12 h in vitro incubation were also determined. Eight cows, two quarters per cow, were used. One quarter of each cow received an intramammary infusion of oyster glycogen. N-Acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase activity was highest in stripping milk and in milk from infused quarters. The percentages of NAGase activity in skim, fat, and cell pellet fractions were 62.6, 22.4, and 12.6. The NAGase activity of milk incubated in vitro did not significantly change over time. Experiment 2 was conducted to determine if neutrophils lost NAGase activity during extravasation into milk. Leukocytosis was induced in infection-free quarters of five cows. The NAGase activities of peripheral neutrophils and milk neutrophils were not significantly different. Results from both studies suggest that the major source of milk NAGase is the mammary epithelial cell and that milk somatic cells contribute less than 15% of the total milk NAGase activity. PMID- 3230185 TI - Effect of dietary energy source and concentration on performance of dairy cows during early lactation. AB - Eighteen Holstein heifers were placed into groups of 3 according to projected calving date, prepartum BW, and prepartum condition score. Following parturition, animals within each group were assigned randomly to one of three diets and remained on the experiment for 45 d. Diets consisted of forage:concentrate ratios of 72:28, 53:47, or 73:27 (isocaloric to the 53:47 ratio by addition of 8% soybean oil). Diets were fed twice daily as total mixed rations. Blood, rumen fluid, and adipose tissue were sampled at -7, 5, 20, and 45 d of lactation. Performance means were, respectively: DM intake (kg/d) 13.9, 14.9, and 12.4; milk (kg/d) 24.5, 25.8, and 18.6; milk fat (%) 3.77, 3.59, and 3.62; milk protein (%) 3.03, 2.99, and 3.11; body condition score (0 = thin, 5 = fat) 1.53, 1.87, and 1.99; and BW (kg) 514, 523, and 505. Cows fed soybean oil had higher ruminal isoacids than those fed the other diets and higher acetate than cows on the 53:47 diet. Diets had no effect on blood metabolites or activity of adipose glycerol-P dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8). The soybean oil diet reduced short-chain fatty acids and increased long-chain fatty acids in milk. Feed intake and milk production were highest for cows receiving the 53:47 diet. As expected, animals on the 72:28 diet did not consume adequate energy to maintain high production which concurrently resulted in lower body condition scores. PMID- 3230186 TI - Influence of addition of yeast culture supplement to diets of lactating cows on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations. AB - Six ruminally fistulated Holstein cows were utilized in a randomized block design to examine effects of yeast culture supplement on ruminal metabolism and apparent digestibility. Cows were fed a diet of 40% corn silage and 60% concentrate (DM basis). Treatments were control (supplement without yeast cells) and yeast culture supplement. Treatment periods were 6 wk. Ruminal pH, ammonia, molar proportions of acetate and isovalerate, and acetate: propionate ratio were lower and molar proportions of propionate and valerate higher in cows receiving yeast. The concentration of anaerobic bacteria tended to be higher and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations were greater in cows fed yeast than in cows receiving control diet. Supplemental yeast did not affect molar proportions of isobutyrate or butyrate, total VFA, or viable yeast concentrations in ruminal fluid. Ruminal liquid dilution rate and total tract apparent digestibilities were not different between treatments. Rate of disappearance of cellulose in vitro was lower in cows receiving yeast. Less variation in ammonia concentrations and microbial numbers suggest that ruminal fermentation was more stable in cows receiving yeast culture supplement. PMID- 3230187 TI - Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for predicting intake of digestible organic matter by cattle. AB - The near infrared reflectance spectra of 15 forages and the first and second derivatives of those spectra were examined for variations that would relate to measures of forage quality and animal performance. Strong relationships between second derivative values and protein, NDF, ADF, and digestible DM were found at wavelengths reported previously as well as at other wavelengths. Error mean squares for simple regressions were similar to those previously reported for multiple wavelength regressions. The more important measures of forage quality, digestible organic matter intake and average daily body weight gain, were each highly correlated with second derivative values at 1696 and 2298 nm (r greater than /.91/). Second derivatives at 1696 and 2298 nm were also correlated (r greater than /.95/) with ADF and protein, respectively. The evidence suggests a biological basis for the estimation of digestible organic matter intake from near infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra. PMID- 3230188 TI - Plasma lipoproteins in neonatal, preruminant, and weaned calf. AB - This study compared plasma lipoprotein fraction profiles and lipid composition in the calf at 3 d, 3 wk, and 12 wk (weaned). For all ages the major plasma lipoprotein fraction was high density lipoproteins (52 to 73%), followed by very high density lipoproteins (10 to 22%), low density lipoproteins (13 to 18%), and chylomicrons plus very low density lipoproteins (5 to 9%). Most plasma lipid was cholesterol esters (41 to 49%) and phosphatidylcholine (21 to 29%). Most cholesterol esters (66 to 81%) and phosphatidylcholine (68 to 80%) were in high density lipoproteins; free fatty acids (83 to 96%) and lysophosphatidylcholine (75 to 85%) in very high density lipoproteins; and triglycerides (93 to 98%) in the remaining lipoprotein fractions. Of the three ages studied, 3-d-old calves had comparatively low plasma total lipids, high density lipoproteins, cholesterol esters, phosphatidylcholine, and linoleic acid in all lipid classes; they had relatively high plasma very high density lipoproteins, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and 20:3 n-9 fatty acid (indicative of essential fatty acids deficiency). Lipoprotein classes and lipid composition were similar at wk 3 and 12. Comparison of fatty acid profiles for phosphatidylcholine with those for lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol esters indicated plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase was active in calves at all three ages studied. PMID- 3230189 TI - Factors affecting poor performance and scours in preruminant calves fed corn oil. AB - A 4-wk study with 12 3-d-old calves compared the effect of feeding tallow, corn oil, or corn oil plus aspirin on calf performance, feed utilization, incidence of scours, and composition of blood plasma lipids. Aspirin treatment was to inhibit a possible role of prostaglandins in promoting scours. Calves given both corn oil treatments had lower average daily gain, feed efficiency, and higher incidence of scours than those fed tallow. Unexpectedly, corn oil produced appreciably less scours in calves than encountered in previous studies. This appeared to be related to the fat dispersion method used here, which produced much smaller fat globules (less than 1 micron vs. 10 to 20 microns). Over-production of prostaglandins from corn oil was not a causative factor in scours development. Arachidonic acid and other linoleic acid prostaglandin precursors in blood plasma cholesteryl esters and phosphatidylcholine were reduced by dietary corn oil. Aspirin, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, was ineffective in reducing scours. PMID- 3230190 TI - Growth and nutrient digestion by dairy heifers fed semipurified diets. AB - Holstein heifers, which weighed an average of 154 kg, were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments in a split plot in time design. Differences in diets were fiber source: solka floc, corn cobs, and corn silage. The major source of added protein was corn gluten meal. Total collection metabolism periods were the final 7 d of each of two 30-d periods. Several heifers had simple digestive disturbances, which appeared to be related to low ruminal pH, while consuming the solka floc diet. Average daily gains were .78, .83, and 1.02 kg/d for treatments solka floc, corn cobs, and corn silage, respectively. Gains were within the range of acceptable growth standards and were higher than reports in the literature for semipurified and purified diets. Protein in corn gluten meal appeared to be utilized efficiently by the heifers for growth. The solka floc and corn cob diets are acceptable for growing dairy heifers where a low mineral content is desired but normal growth rates need to be maintained. The solka floc diet might be improved by including a buffer to help stabilize rumen pH. PMID- 3230191 TI - Bovine vitamin A and beta-carotene intake and lactational status. 1. Responsiveness of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes to vitamin A and beta-carotene challenge in vitro. AB - Dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene were assessed on their interaction with lactational status to influence neutrophil function in vitro. Cows were fed 1) 53,000 IU or 2) 213,000 IU vitamin A, or 3) 53,000 IU vitamin A plus 400 mg beta carotene/cow per d from 6 wk before to 2 wk after dry off. Blood neutrophils were isolated the day of dry off and 2 wk after dry off and incubated with retinol, retinoic acid, or beta-carotene. Phagocytosis and kill of Staphylococcus aureus were measured. Across all treatments, kill was higher after dry off than before dry off. Phagocytosis tended to be lower after dry off than before in cows fed vitamin A only. In vitro, 10(-6) M beta-carotene stimulated phagocytosis after dry off and kill before dry off in cows fed vitamin A only. In general, retinol and retinoic acid suppressed phagocytosis but did not affect kill. Neutrophils from cows fed high amounts of vitamin A were more susceptible to in vitro suppression than those from cows fed adequate amounts of vitamin A. Therefore, vitamin A and beta-carotene supplementation interacts with lactational status to influence the responsiveness of bovine neutrophils to vitamin challenge in vitro. PMID- 3230192 TI - Bovine vitamin A and beta-carotene intake and lactational status. 2. Responsiveness of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes to vitamin A and beta-carotene challenge in vitro. AB - The interaction of dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene with lactational status on the in vitro proliferation of mitogen-induced peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. Cows were fed (IU/cow per d) 1) 53,000 IU vitamin A, 2) 213,000 IU vitamin A, or 3) 53,000 IU vitamin A plus 400 mg beta-carotene from 6 wk before to 2 wk after dry off. Lymphocytes were incubated with retinol, retinoic acid, or beta-carotene. Concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis was inhibited by 10(-6) M retinol and 10(-8) M retinoic acid in cows fed 53,000 IU vitamin A before dry off. In contrast, 10(-7) M retinol and 10(-7) M retinoic acid stimulated Concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis for cows fed vitamin A plus beta-carotene before dry off. After dry off, retinol and retinoic acid did not affect Concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis in all treatment groups. In vitro, 10(-5) M beta-carotene inhibited Concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis before and after dry off in all treatment groups. Blastogenesis in the absence of mitogen stimulation or induced by lipopolysaccharide was inhibited by all vitamins before and after dry off in all treatment groups. These data indicate that vitamin A and beta carotene supplementation interact with lactational status to influence the responsiveness of bovine blood lymphocytes to vitamin challenge in vitro. PMID- 3230193 TI - Antibiotic treatment of mastitis: comparison of intramammary and intramammary plus intramuscular therapies. AB - Efficacy of two therapy regimens for subclinical Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis was evaluated. Forty-nine lactating cows with a total of 78 subclinically infected quarters were included. Cows were divided into two treatment groups. Group 1 received intramammary infusion at each milking for six milkings with a commercial lactating cow product containing 62.5 mg of amoxicillin. Group 2 received the same intramammary infusion regimen plus one intramuscular injection daily of 9,000,000 U procaine penicillin G for 3 d. The combination of intramammary and intramuscular treatment resulted in bacteriologic cure of 51.4% of quarters and 48% of cows compared to 25% of quarters and 30.4% of cows for intramammary infusion alone. Quarters where infections were not cured supported more growth of S. aureus during treatment than glands that were cured. Mean antibiotic concentration in fore-milk samples during treatment were lower in quarters that were cured. Somatic cell counts of milk from quarters that were not cured were higher prior to initiation of treatment than those cured. Data suggest that further evaluation of new regimens for treatment of subclinical S. aureus mastitis is warranted. PMID- 3230194 TI - Selective decontamination of the digestive tract improves survival in patients receiving differential lung ventilation. AB - In a review of the literature on differential lung ventilation (DLV) the average mortality was found to be 47%. The major cause of death (66%) was infection. The effect of a novel infection prevention regimen on the colonisation and infection rate of the respiratory tract and on outcome was studied in polytrauma patients. Nineteen patients who presented with asymmetric pulmonary contusion were treated with DLV (103 +/- 72 h) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) (16 +/- 10 days). They were treated with selective decontamination of the digestive tract with topical non-absorbable antibiotics in combination with systemic antibiotic prophylaxis starting immediately after admission. In one patient colonisation of the respiratory tract was found with Staphylococcus aureus. This disappeared after continued systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. Colonisation with hospital acquired Gram-negative bacteria or yeasts was not observed. No patient developed pneumonia throughout the period on conventional mechanical ventilation or on DLV. One patient died from cerebral injury. It is concluded that prolonged endobronchial intubation for DLV can be used without increased risk for pneumonia with this antibiotic regimen and that the very low mortality in this study may be attributed to the prevention of infectious complications. PMID- 3230195 TI - Severity of illness and outcome of treatment in alcoholic patients in the intensive care unit. AB - To study whether critically ill alcoholics were more sick and had a worse outcome than other patients treated in the intensive care unit, data were collected during the initial 24 h on 216 consecutive patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Twentysix patients (12%) met the criteria for alcohol abuse. The patients' chronic health 6 months prior to admission and the extent of physiological derangement (Acute Physiology Score and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE] were recorded just as the type and amount of treatment (Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS]. Alcoholics were found to be significantly more sick and had a higher mortality (50% compared to 26%) than other critically ill patients. However, when analyzing the TISS points, no difference was found between the two groups. All survivors were, every third month up to 1 year after admission, asked to fill in a questionnaire indicating their level of activity. No differences were found between the two groups 1 year after admission, but the alcoholics had lost more time due to death. It is concluded that studies with larger number of patients will reveal whether alcoholics constitute a special category of patients with a different prognosis than other ICU patients. PMID- 3230196 TI - Corynebacterium JK: surgical infections in non-immunosuppressed patients. AB - Infection caused by Corynebacterium JK (CJK) has been recently described in immunocompromised patients. To evaluate the frequency of CJK infection among surgical and trauma intensive care patients, all patients with CJK isolations at clinical sites were reviewed. The criteria used were the presence of bacterial infection symptoms, isolation from significant sites and the efficiency of a vancomycin treatment. Eight patients were studied; 3 of them were considered infected, while 5 were judged only colonized. It is concluded that CJK infections can be a clinical problem in surgical trauma patients. PMID- 3230197 TI - Paranasal sinusitis and sepsis in ICU patients with nasotracheal intubation. AB - During a 1-year period 4 out of 171 nasotracheally intubated patients (2.3%) developed sepsis due to purulent sinusitis. 98 (57%) of the patients received mechanical ventilation for more than 10 days. In all cases of sinusitis the diagnosis could be confirmed by conventional X-ray examination. Sepsis resolved 1 to 3 days after initiation of a therapy protocol consisting of tracheostomy, surgical drainage and lavage. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was involved as pathogenic organism in 3 of 4 patients. We conclude that purulent sinusitis represents a serious and often occult problem in already critically ill patients with multiple potential sources of sepsis. Most important for diagnosis is a high level of suspicion particularly in patients with risk factors for infection. Prompt and successful treatment can be achieved by an aggressive surgical approach. PMID- 3230198 TI - Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema and pregnancy: a ten-year experience. AB - We reviewed the cardiac emergencies that occurred during or soon after pregnancy and required admission in an intensive care unit. The study sample consisted of 22248 pregnant women representing the whole obstetrical population collected from 3 hospitals over a ten-year period. Among the 88 patients admitted to our ICU during this decade, only 5 suffered from a specific cardiac disorder. Acute pulmonary edema was the common clinical presentation in the 4 cases reported. Despite the severity of cardiac involvement on admission none had previous evidence of heart disease that could have heralded acute left ventricular failure. From these observations it can be concluded that preexisting cardiovascular disease and circulatory changes related to pregnancy should no longer be regarded as the unique contributors to the development of severe heart failure during pregnancy. PMID- 3230199 TI - Midazolam infusion for basal sedation in intensive care: absence of accumulation. AB - This study was designed to: (1) determine plasma midazolam concentrations producing adequate sedation in ICU patients; (2) establish an intravenous regimen to provide continuous sedation and rapid recovery after discontinuation of infusion. Initially, 13 ICU patients were given midazolam as a bolus injection, 0.20 mg.kg-1 over 30 s in order to define the midazolam plasma concentration corresponding to an adequate level of sedation. The optimal level was reached in a mean time of 61 +/- 26 min and the mean corresponding midazolam plasma concentration was 163 +/- 62 ng.ml-1. Estimations of the main pharmacokinetic parameters (elimination half life: 230 +/- 102 min, total body clearance: 520 +/- 283 ml.min-1, total volume of distribution: 2.23 +/- 1.15 l.kg-1) showed no marked differences with normal patients. From those variables, an infusion regimen (loading dose and maintenance rate) to provide long term (24 to 80 h) sedation was derived in 9 patients. The mean loading dose was 0.33 +/- 0.18 mg.kg 1 over 30 min and the mean continuous infusion dose was 0.06 +/- 0.02 mg.kg-1.h 1. The mean midazolam plasma concentration during infusion was 215 +/- 61 ng.ml 1, and the mean midazolam plasma concentration at the end of infusion was 199 +/- 93 ng.ml-1. The level of sedation was considered as optimal in most patients throughout the study. After discontinuation of infusion, the mean time for normalization of the mental state was 97 min. PMID- 3230200 TI - The influence of labetalol on arterial blood gas data, pulmonary haemodynamics and pulmonary shunting. AB - The arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, pulmonary and systemic haemodynamics and pulmonary shunting and mechanics were measured during the first 30 min after intravenous labetalol administration. Thirty patients, recovering in the intensive care unit after neurosurgical interventions were randomly divided in 2 groups of 15 patients, receiving either labetalol or placebo. In the labetalol treated group the arterial oxygen tension decreased from 553.6 +/- 16.8 to 529.3 +/- 19.8 mmHg 5 min after the injection of labetalol. A concomitant increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension from 40.1 +/- 1.1 to 45.5 +/- 1.3 mmHg was noticed. Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 159.6 +/- 14.7 to 116.7 +/- 11.7 dynes.sec.cm-5 and pulmonary shunting increased from 4.8% +/- 1.4% to 8.1% +/- 2.4% 5 min following injection. All these changes were statistically significant for p less than 0.01. After 30 min all values had returned to their initial level. No changes were registered in the control group. As airway resistance appeared not to be affected by the labetalol administration it may be concluded that the observed changes in blood gas data are most likely due to a transient decrease of the pulmonary vascular resistance with a concomitant increase in pulmonary shunting. PMID- 3230201 TI - Tunnelling of two central venous catheters inserted via a single venipuncture. AB - Two central venous catheters were inserted into the subclavian or internal jugular vein using a single puncture and tunnelled with two different subcutaneous pathways in 32 critically ill patients; 15 of them underwent this procedure immediately after a tracheostomy. The procedure was carried out without significant technical difficulties. Separate removal of one of the catheters was performed easily in 5 cases. Cultures were positive in 21% of 42 catheters from 21 patients; Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated from 7 catheters. Separate tunnelling of two central venous lines inserted via a single venipuncture can be used in critically ill patients needing multiple central venous access. PMID- 3230202 TI - Non-cardiac pulmonary edema following intravenous contrast injection. AB - Acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (NCPE) following intravenous administration of contrast media is a rare but life-threatening complication of radiologic contrast material. We recently observed this complication as an idiosyncratic reaction following a coelio-mesenteric arteriography. PMID- 3230204 TI - Rapid progression of tracheal stenosis associated with tracheopathia osteo chondroplastica. AB - Tracheopathia osteochondroplastica (TPO) is a rare, but increasingly recognised condition in which there is accumulation of calcium phosphate with benign submucous proliferation of cartilage and bone beneath the tracheal mucosa, often with squamous metaplasia of the mucosal columnar epithelium. This condition is usually asymptomatic, but may be slowly progressive, causing haemoptysis, dry cough and dyspnoea. We report a case of TPO in which there was rapid progression of tracheal stenosis such that the size of endotracheal tube that the upper airway would accept changed from 8.00 mm to 3.0 mm during a six-week period. This extreme reduction in airway calibre had not been detected on spirometry nine days prior to his final admission. This is the first report of such rapid progression of tracheal stenosis associated with TPO. PMID- 3230203 TI - Acute midbrain syndrome as an adverse reaction to tetanus immunization. AB - An acute midbrain syndrome III/IV developed twice after tetanus immunization. The occurrence of nearly identical episodes was remarkable, as well as the relatively rapid return to normal consciousness and neurological status after deep coma. Special emphasis is placed upon the chronological relationship of the coma to the immunization and upon immunological tests (tetanus antibody titres) performed to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 3230205 TI - Acute renal failure in the intensive care unit. PMID- 3230206 TI - A general ICU in an anticancer institute: does it work? PMID- 3230207 TI - Oxygen consumption as an outcome predictor. PMID- 3230208 TI - Acute respiratory failure following pharmacologically induced hyperventilation: an experimental animal study. AB - The pulmonary effects of hyperventilation following infusion of sodium salicylate into the cisterna magna was studied in 16 spontaneously breathing adult sheep. We found a fall in PaO2, a decrease in the static compliance of the respiratory system, abnormal chest roentgenographic films, and grossly abnormal lungs following 3.5 to 13 h of hyperventilation. A control group of 15 sheep (10 sheep similarly injected with sodium salicylate, but then sedated and paralyzed and ventilated at normal tidal volume and respiratory rate on a mechanical ventilator, and 5 sheep infused with saline alone and breathing spontaneously) showed no pulmonary or arterial blood gas abnormalities. We conclude that prolonged hyperventilation under the conditions of this experiment precipitated events that resulted in acute lung injury. PMID- 3230210 TI - The '24-hour reality orientation' type of approach to the confused elderly: a minimum standard for care. AB - The use of the two principle types of reality orientation with the confused elderly has been the subject of research by nurses, psychiatrists and psychologists. Reviews of this research suggest that the effects of these therapies on patient outcomes are extremely limited. However, a number of writers advocate their use on the grounds that their implementation results in more individualized care by nurses. This argument is rejected in favour of the demonstrated effect of introducing individualized care from a basis in nursing theory. Nursing theory also provides the remit for nurses to control the physical and interpersonal environment of the confused elderly patient. By examining moral principles as they are applied to nursing, it is argued that the nature of that environmental control should be towards a 24-hour reality orientation type approach. This should be implemented in an individualized way and should form the basis of a minimum standard of care for this client group. PMID- 3230209 TI - Evaluation of a gerontological nursing continuing education programme: effect on nurses' knowledge and attitudes and on patients' perceptions and satisfaction. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a four-session (8-hour) gerontological nursing continuing education (CE) programme on nurses' knowlege of and attitudes towards the elderly. The study also sought to ascertain the effects of the CE programme on patient satisfaction with and perceptions of nursing care. Seventy-six nurses completed the Miller-Dodder Revision of the Palmore Facts on Ageing Quiz and the Kogan Attitudes Towards Old People Scale before and after participating in the CE programme. Post-test scores on both measures were slightly but significantly higher than pretest scores. Thirty hospitalized elderly patients were interviewed before and 33 were interviewed after the CE programme was offered to the nurses on their hospital units, using the LaMonica Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale and the Harrison-Novak Patient Perception Scale. Post-test measures of patient satisfaction and perception were not significantly different from pretest scores. Patients were generally satisfied with their nursing care, but perceived that nurses did not focus on health promotion activities. In addition, 59% of the patients indicated that they were unable to distinguish nurses from other health care providers. The article identifies implications of the study for nursing education, practice and research. PMID- 3230211 TI - Being old does not always mean being sick: perspectives on conditions of health as perceived by British and American elderly. AB - The process of ageing is frequently described in terms of decline and deterioration. Limited attention is paid to the gains in later life. Studies among self-defined healthy American-born elderly and ill-healthy British-born older persons, indicated that the perception of health was determined by many dimensions other than the absence of disease and illness. The older the person, the more emphasis was placed on health as a state of mind, even in situations of a gradually failing body. It was evident that these respondents, among them the ill-healthy elderly challenged the current beliefs of health and illness as perceived by health providers. PMID- 3230213 TI - Nursing staff's perceptions of work in acute and long-term care hospitals. AB - The survey study compared perceptions of work in the nursing staff of acute and long-term care hospitals. The focus was on professional challenges, career prospects, independence, responsibility, the social requirements of work, time pressure and workload. Consistent differences were found in the extent to which the two groups experienced their work as challenging: the scores were lower in the long-term care hospital than in the general hospital. For example, 40% of the respondents in the long-term hospital felt their work was too easy compared with their knowledge and skills, while the figure was only 9% in the general hospital. Among these workers, a simultaneous decline was found in personal resources, as measured by psychosomatic symptoms, and in the individual's commitment to the organization. In the theoretical discussion the experience of lacking challenges is related to the concepts of work orientation, coping strategies and work culture. PMID- 3230212 TI - Biometric outcomes of a geriatric health promotion programme. AB - A geriatric health promotion programme was conducted to determine biometric changes in cardiovascular, nutritional and musculoskeletal status. Sixty-seven older adults participated in the study. The experimental group of 34 elderly subjects showed statistically significant increases in flexibility and high density lipoprotein with significant decreases in resting pulse rate, blood pressure, total cholesterol, weight and skinfold measures. The overall results of the wellness programme showed significant improvements in the physical health status of older adults. PMID- 3230214 TI - A comparison of sources of nursing stress and job satisfaction among mental handicap and hospice nursing staff. AB - This study compares sources of nursing stress and job satisfaction among 181 mental handicap and 24 hospice nurses. It was hypothesized that nursing stress varies as a consequence of nursing specialty. Analysis of variance revealed differing features of nursing stress between the two specialties. Hospice nurses reported stress as primarily associated with death and dying and inadequate preparation to meet the emotional needs of patients and their families, while mental handicap nurses reported stress related to workload, conflict with other nurses and nursing environment. The results suggest that two additional factors that did not differ between specialties require further examination, namely patient behaviour and purposelessness of nursing care. Job satisfaction also differed between specialties with hospice nurses reporting higher satisfaction with supervision, co-workers, and pay, and lower satisfaction with promotion in comparison to mental handicap nurses. Within the mental handicap groups nursing stress correlated with job satisfaction, state-trait anxiety and non-psychotic psychiatric disturbance in predicted directions. Analysis of the above variables with respect to mental handicap nursing grade was also undertaken. Overall results indicate the importance of nursing specialty as a major factor influencing nursing stress. PMID- 3230215 TI - Do nurses smoke because of stress? AB - A comparison of learner nurses and student teachers indicated that occupational differences in smoking prevalence were established prior to entry. However, learner nurses experienced higher stress for the greater part of their first year of training and this was one factor contributing to the consolidation of smoking among them. In general, smoking was seen as a way of dealing with negative feelings and although smokers did not experience greater stress than non-smokers, the former were more likely to feel anger. Lower levels of perceived stress were associated with moves to lesser smoking, suggesting that stress prevents smoking being given up. Some non-smokers were vulnerable in that they both experienced higher stress and saw smoking as a solution. The use of maladaptive intrapsychic coping techniques and the absence of social support outside nursing were both associated with movements to greater smoking. PMID- 3230216 TI - Violent incidents on a regional secure unit. AB - This 1-year retrospective study was conducted on a regional secure unit at the Bethlem Royal Hospital, London, using the hospital's data collection sheet for violent incidents. The majority of incidents were minor in nature but there were a few assaults that involved pain, lacerations or bruising. Although violence was common to the majority of patients, two contributed a large number. Those staff at the bottom of the nursing hierachy who spent most time with patients were most at risk. Likewise fellow patients were also often involved in incidents. Violence did not tail off after the breakfast period, as reported in previous studies, but continued to rise until bedtime. PMID- 3230217 TI - Merging nursing research and practice: a case of multiple identities. AB - Although using research to guide nursing practice has been a long-standing goal for the nursing discipline, the actual merger of research and practice is not yet widespread. There are many possible explanations for the limited progress that has been made in this arena. In this paper, it is suggested that the multiple identities taken on by nurses may stifle actualizing a merger between research and practice. Diverging responsibilities and orientations among identities are depicted by considering the nurse as researcher, clinician, educator and administrator. In addition to elucidating differences among these various nurse identities, the paper addresses their commonalities, the most obvious and important of which is that of nurse. If individuals retain the identity of nurse as the generic and salient characteristic, the multiple nurse identities have the potential to become a complementary array of diverse resources that can empower rather than thwart merging research and practice. PMID- 3230218 TI - The use of profile similarity indices and the Bem sex role inventory in determining the sex role characterization of a group of male and female nurses. AB - A group of male and female general nurses was tested using the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), with statistical modifications, to determine the degree of pshychologically 'androgynous' sex role characterization, so that comparisons might be drawn between the sexes regarding attributes commonly held to be desirable for nurses. Some indicators for future trends in nurse recruitment are given. PMID- 3230219 TI - Mentoring in doctoral education. AB - Mentoring has historically been common among men. Recently, however, mentoring has emerged as a popular concept in nursing and more and more references in the nursing literature describe the importance of a mentor to the nurse. Mentoring is also an important concept in doctoral education in nursing. This paper discusses both the development of mentoring relationship which can vitally contribute to the development of the nurse leader are discussed. A mentoring relationship between a doctoral student and a more experienced professional can enable the development of leadership potential and significantly contribute to the development of competent professionals in nursing. PMID- 3230221 TI - Characteristics of a quality journal. PMID- 3230220 TI - Reciprocal trust in health care relationships. AB - This paper examines the phenomenon of trust in health care relationships from a new perspective, that of the recipients of care for chronic illness. The authors argue that reciprocal trust is a necessary component of satisfying, effective health care relationships when the illness is of an ongoing nature. From the patient's perspective, reciprocal trust has a significant impact on the experience of being a receiver of health care and on the development of competency with illness management. Because of this, the authors claim that it is imperative for health care professionals to alter their traditional beliefs with regard to sick role and trust. With a new perspective, they may then develop the specific skills necessary to enact the caring aspect of the service they offer. The authors offer a number of suggestions for actualizing this reciprocal trust in clinical practice. PMID- 3230222 TI - The nurse executive. Professional women at the interface: the case of the nursing executive--Part II. PMID- 3230223 TI - Professional practice. One step forward, one step back. PMID- 3230224 TI - Research. Evolving clinical nursing research priorities: a national endeavor. PMID- 3230225 TI - Education. Educational counseling for research careers. PMID- 3230226 TI - International affairs. The Behrhorst program: a model for primary health care. PMID- 3230227 TI - Legal and ethical issues. Resources for dealing with chemically dependent students. PMID- 3230228 TI - The academic nurse-managed center movement: a survey report. PMID- 3230229 TI - Educational preparation for international nursing. PMID- 3230231 TI - The connotative meanings of the term "psychosomatic". PMID- 3230230 TI - The community as the site for psychiatric-mental health nursing clinical practicum. PMID- 3230232 TI - Nutritional support, albumin, and diarrhea. PMID- 3230234 TI - Enhanced vasoconstrictor responses to potassium, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and prostaglandin F2 alpha of isolated coronary arteries from magnesium-deficient rats. Comparison with vasomotor activity of aorta. AB - Wistar rats were fed a low magnesium diet for 8 or 12 weeks, resulting in reduced levels of magnesium in plasma, heart, and skeletal muscle, as compared with pair fed control rats. The magnesium-deficient rats also had reduced tissue levels of potassium. Coronary arteries and thoracic aorta from magnesium-deficient rats and control rats were incubated in tissue baths and the contractile responses to potassium, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, and prostaglandin F2 alpha were investigated using a sensitive in vitro system. The concentration-contraction curve, for all agents was shifted to the left in coronary arteries from magnesium-deficient rats. In aorta from magnesium-deficient rats, the pattern of change in reactivity to these agonists was not uniform: the concentration-contraction curve for 5 hydroxytryptamine was shifted to the left, the contractile response to prostaglandin F2 alpha was reduced, while there was no change in the response to potassium. The contractile response to the administration of calcium to calcium depleted, potassium-depolarized vessels from magnesium-deficient rats was enhanced; the effect was more pronounced in coronary arteries as compared to the aorta. Hence, the vasomotor reactivity of coronary arteries appears to be more sensitive than is the aorta during magnesium-deficient conditions. PMID- 3230233 TI - Juvenile hypocalcemia provokes persistent electroencephalographic change in renally compromised rats. AB - In view of the putative involvement of calcium in uremic encephalopathy and the critical importance of this element in juvenile development, we examined the effect of temporary restriction of dietary calcium intake on serum chemistry and the quantitative electroencephalogram (Q.EEG) in unilaterally 3/4 nephrectomized juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were renally infarcted at 22-26 days of age (50-74 g) and placed on one of two isocaloric dietary regimens: powdered normal rat diet (ND, n = 25) or low calcium diet (LCD, n = 8) for 30 days. At this time, ND animals showed normal serum chemistries, whereas LCD rats were hypocalcemic and azotemic with significantly elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine concentrations and reduced renal creatinine clearance values. All animals thereafter received ND for 25-34 further days, during which time chronic Q.EEG electrodes were implanted. At the end of the common ND feeding period, serum chemistry values were equal and normal in both groups. The average theta/alpha ratio (TAR) of the overnight Q.EEG was assessed for 3 days. We found that the TAR of previously LCD animals was significantly elevated compared with ND rats. This indicates an encephalopathic slowing of the background rhythm of these animals. We conclude that, following restoration of a transient uremic and hypocalcemic episode induced by LCD feeding, the Q.EEG background frequency of juvenile renally impaired rats was abnormally slow after 30 days of ND feeding. PMID- 3230235 TI - The effect of three test meals on exercise tolerance of an individual with McArdle's disease. AB - This study examined the effect of three test meals on exercise tolerance of an individual with McArdle's disease, a myopathy characterized by phosphorylase b deficiency. The subject's exercise tolerance and ability to achieve the second wind, in response to each test meal, was evaluated over a 16-week period using a bicycle ergometer in a double-blind situation. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. No significant differences were found. It was concluded that a high protein meal, a high polyunsaturated fat meal, and a meal containing MCT oil did not affect the exercise tolerance of this individual compared to the control meal. PMID- 3230236 TI - HPLC analysis of the phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) derivatives of taurine from physiologic samples. AB - Taurine is the major free intracellular amino acid. It has become the focus of study by many as a conjugator of bile and as a neurotransmitter and intracellular messenger. In this report we document a technique for measuring taurine in physiologic samples which is rapid, reproducible, and accurate. Any physiologic sample is first derivatized with phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) and separated by reverse phase HPLC, and then taurine is detected by UV at 254 nm. The advantages of this technique for the measurement of taurine are accuracy, small sample size, and reproducibility, and with an automated system many samples can be analyzed. PMID- 3230238 TI - Magnesium therapy in premature neonates with apnea neonatorum. PMID- 3230237 TI - Nutrient intake and blood pressure: families of adult identical twins. AB - To investigate the relationship of dietary intake to blood pressure, 198 adults and 53 children who were members of 92 nuclear families completed a 3-day diet diary prior to an outpatient clinic examination for cardiovascular disease risk factors. Nutrient intake was significantly related to age and anthropometric variables in adults. Sodium and potassium intake were related to blood pressure in adults, but this relationship was no longer significant after adjustment for caloric intake. The diet and blood pressure relationships in children were less clear. Multiple linear regression techniques using age, anthropometric variables, and nutrient intake demonstrated that in adults age and skinfold were the principal determinants of blood pressure, but in children age and saturated fat intake were most likely to enter the equations. In comparisons of normotensive and hypertensive adults, there were no differences in the dietary intakes of these electrolytes. The results of this investigation underscore the complex interaction of nutrient intake with body size and age. Investigators who focus only on a few nutrients and fail to account for other sources of variation can be misled. PMID- 3230239 TI - Another cure for dyslexia? PMID- 3230240 TI - Giant cell arteritis. AB - Giant cell arteritis is a visually devastating disease that primarily affects the over 55 age group. This granulomatous inflammation affects large and medium-sized arteries anywhere in the body. Systemic manifestations of this disease include: jaw claudication, scalp tenderness, malaise and vertigo. Decreased appetite and/or anorexia may also be seen. Ocular manifestations may include ischemic optic neuropathy with sudden markedly reduced visual acuity. Steroid treatment is used to protect the uninvolved eye. In its classic form the disease is monitored by adjusting the steroid dosage with the erythrocyte sed rate (ESR). Prognosis for visual restoration in the involved eye is poor. PMID- 3230241 TI - Psychological sequelae to diabetic retinopathy. AB - The effects of diabetes upon a person's emotional and physical health are complex and unique to each individual. This paper gives an overview of the psychological and social issues raised by a severe disability such as diabetes and diabetic retinopathy, and how its effects are mitigated by the timing of disease onset and progression, significant events in the course of treatment, concurrent medical concerns, coping skills, and the vision care professional's attitude in dealing with people having disabilities. The goal is to have vision care professionals become more aware of their potentially powerful positive and negative influences upon the psychological health of these individuals. PMID- 3230242 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of sickle cell retinopathy. AB - Examination of a 49-year-old black female with a history of sickle cell anemia revealed proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. A review of the pathophysiology of the systemic disease as it relates to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the retinopathy is presented. PMID- 3230243 TI - Weber's syndrome. AB - We examined a young patient with sickle cell anemia and a history of spinal meningitis who presented with signs of Weber's syndrome. Weber's syndrome is manifested by a homolateral third nerve palsy and contralateral hemiplegia. Evaluation and management of this case is presented, with a discussion on the probable association of Weber's syndrome and the spinal meningitis that occurred. PMID- 3230244 TI - Clinical and legal issues in the management of patients with diabetes. AB - Retinopathy is a likely complication of diabetes mellitus, and optometrists who manage patients with diabetes must be prepared to recognize the disease, educate the patient, communicate with the physician treating the disease, and follow up as appropriate to minimize the opportunity for undiagnosed complications. Liability most often results from failure to diagnose diabetic retinopathy, failure to monitor retinopathy adequately, and failure to refer or obtain consultation in a timely manner. Care for patients with diabetes should include appropriate record-keeping and documentation. PMID- 3230245 TI - Protection against thallium hepatotoxicity by silymarin. AB - The effect of silymarin (100 mg/kg i.p.) on the biochemical indicators of liver damage induced by thallium (10 mg/kg p.o.) was studied in rats. The production of malondialdehyde and the content of reduced glutathione in the liver were measured as indicators of lipid peroxidation. Thallium intoxication increased the serum activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and the liver concentration of triglycerides. Thallium decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and increased that of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in the liver cell membrane. It also abolished the membrane activity of Na+/K+ ATPase. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced by thallium as malondialdehyde production was increased and the content of reduced glutathione was decreased in the liver. Silymarin completely prevented all these changes. It is suggested that thallium toxicity is due, at least in part, to the promotion of lipid peroxidation. The membrane stabilizing effect of silymarin observed in this and in other models of liver toxicity is due to some antioxidant property, possibly related to its ability to scavenge free oxygen radicals. PMID- 3230247 TI - A scheme for the prediction and ranking of relative potencies of dermal sensitizers based on data from several systems. AB - A highly desirable use of delayed contact dermal hypersensitivity data from animal tests is an accurate prediction of the relative potency of positive agents in humans. Because of the manner in which all such animal tests are performed, the wide variety of exposure conditions and concentrations (which are generally more severe than human exposure conditions) have traditionally made prediction of potency (and therefore the extent of hazard) in humans either impossible or extremely crude. A numerical/graphical method has been developed to adjust results from suitable animal studies of all sorts for exposure conditions and allow for ranking of agents for potency and classification of relative hazards. Results from four animal test systems (MEST, EMT, GPMT and Buehler) are compared with results from human studies to show that all four test systems can generate data that are usable for a relative hazard classification process, though they may vary in their performance characteristics as screens. PMID- 3230246 TI - Prevention of cadmium-induced effects on regional glutathione status of rat brain by vitamin E. AB - The effect of vitamin E on the cadmium-induced changes of glutathione metabolism was investigated in different brain regions. Daily intraperitoneal injection of cadmium (0.4 mg/kg) for 30 days significantly decreased the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), and the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) in the cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres and brain stem of rats. Cadmium elevated the levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in cerebellum and cerebral hemisphere regions only, while the GSH/GSSG ratio decreased in all three brain regions. The only effect of intramuscular injections of vitamin E (5 mg/kg) given on alternate days for 30 days was a slight increase in GSH and GR in the cerebral hemispheres. The simultaneous administration of vitamin E and cadmium prevented cadmium-induced changes in GSH and GSSG levels and in the GSH/GSSG ratio, but the cerebellar GSH remained lowered. Furthermore, vitamin E, with the exception of GR in the cerebral hemispheres, did not prevent cadmium-induced changes in enzyme activities. As the simultaneous injections of vitamin E reduced cadmium-induced alterations in glutathione concentration without having any appreciable effect on the activity of related enzymes, it is suggested that the preventive effect of vitamin E is mediated through its antioxidative effect, saving GSH from oxidative destruction in the brain of cadmium-exposed rats. PMID- 3230248 TI - Studies on the effect of ethanol and/or toluene on rat erythrocytes. AB - Rats were subjected to a chronic ethanol exposure in their drinking water for 8 months and then a short subacute toluene exposure to 12,000 mg/m3 for 5 h/day for nine days. Combined exposure increased the reticulocyte count and the concentration of haemoglobin, and changed the biochemical/biophysical properties of red blood cells. Macrocytosis and a decrease in erythrocyte membrane lipid fluidity in the middle zone of the lipid bilayer were the most useful indices of exposure. PMID- 3230249 TI - Rabbit lung after inhalation of lithium chloride. AB - Rabbits were exposed to aerosols of lithium chloride in metal concentrations of 0.6 and 1.9 mg/m3 (mass median aerodynamic diameter of 1 micron) for 4-8 weeks, 5 days/week, 6 h/day. The lungs were studied by light and electron microscopy, with particular reference to inflammatory changes, structure of alveolar macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Macrophages recovered by lung lavage were studied by light and electron microscopy and their oxidative metabolic activity was measured. The content of phospholipids was analysed in lung tissue. Exposure to lithium produced no significant effects. It thus seems that Li+ is less toxic to the lung than the other metals investigated with the same test system, e.g. Ni2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+ and Cr6+. PMID- 3230250 TI - Chronic inhalation exposure of rats to titanium dioxide dust. PMID- 3230251 TI - Responses of rat alveolar macrophages to inhaled brass powder. AB - The effects of a single acute exposure to inhaled brass dust on rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) were determined. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages lavaged from the lungs of these experimental animals showed both morphological and functional abnormalities. Exposure to brass dust caused a rapid, transient inflammatory response, producing an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the lavage fluid. Binucleation and multinucleation of PAM were sensitive morphological indicators of pulmonary stress that persisted throughout the 14-day course of the experiment. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages from rats exposed to brass dust were phagocytically activated; both the total numbers of test particulates ingested and the phagocytic index were elevated. Chemotaxis, as measured by direct cellular migration in Boyden chambers, was inhibited for 3 days after exposure, but was markedly stimulated from 7 to 14 days. This was interpreted as a possible consequence of a selective release of lymphokines during the course of the inflammatory response. Some of these results, based on in vivo exposure of PAM to inhaled particulates, differ from those derived from in vitro exposure. This points to the fact that it is virtually impossible to duplicate the native chemical microenvironment of PAM in vitro and emphasizes the necessity of bringing about PAM-particle interactions in the intact lung in order to obtain more physiologically relevant data. PMID- 3230252 TI - Application of macrophage and peripheral lung cultures. PMID- 3230253 TI - Protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity by protein A. AB - Protection from carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced hepatotoxicity by protein A was assessed histologically in rats. Carbon tetrachloride exposure produced swollen, vacuolated and necrotic cells in the centrilobular region of the hepatocyte in rats. Animals given protein A prior to and during CCL1 treatment showed a complete absence of hepatic lesions. Our study showed that protein A, a potent immunomodulator, has the potential to reduce liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride, a known hepatotoxin in the rat. PMID- 3230254 TI - Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate nephrotoxicity in the rat: histological and biochemical changes in renal components by 13C-NMR spectra. AB - Rats receiving a single oral dose of 286.8 mumol/kg tris(2,3 dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris-BP) showed pyknosis of the renal tubular epithelial cells on Day 1, necrosis on Day 2, regeneration from Day 3 and large nuclei formation from Day 4. 13C-NMR spectra were applied to clarify changes of the renal low-molecular-weight components in the kidney injured by Tris-BP, and sialic acid and inositol were found as the desired marker components. The lesions produced by Tris-BP were characterized by changes in the renal components and enzyme activities. Increases in sialic acid content of the kidney were observed both on Day 1, suggesting destruction of the epithelial cell membrane, and on Day 5, suggesting regeneration accompanied by an increase of inositol content on Days 7 and 10. Renal activity of cytoplasmic enzyme, alanine aminopeptidase, was decreased on Days 1 and 5 and elevated on Days 7 and 10. Lactate dehydrogenase activity showed a tendency to decrease in the kidneys on Day 1 and to increase significantly on Days 2, 5, 6 and 7. PMID- 3230255 TI - Methodological aspects of the determination of the acute inhalation toxicity of spray-can ingredients. AB - Spray-can ingredients, if liberated in confined spaces, are potential health hazards for man. Thus, appropriate inhalation toxicity studies have to be performed in accordance with internationally recognized guidelines, e.g. the US Environmental Protection Agency: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA no. 81-3) or OECD no. 403. One of the essential requirements of such guidelines is that test animals (preferably rats) be exposed to a steady-state concentration in a dynamic inhalation chamber for at least 4 hours. This is not easy to achieve with vapours released from a pressurized spray-can. The method described here makes it possible to expose experimental animals in an inhalation chamber to a steady-state concentration of intermittently released spray jets of constant doses per jet. Animal experiments and theoretical considerations (computer simulations) have shown that the method presented allows an up-to-date determination of the acute inhalation toxicity of spray-can ingredients. PMID- 3230257 TI - [Use of a placental implant by the Filatov technic in the intrascleral surgery of a severe case of retinal detachment]. PMID- 3230259 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis in the feet. PMID- 3230258 TI - Protectiveness of Gore-Tex and PVC spray suits in orchard pesticide spraying. AB - An experimental Gore-Tex spray suit and a commercial polyvinylchloride suit were equally protective in orchard spraying with a fungicide. No pesticide was detected on patches inside the suits at six upper body sites, though outside deposition was substantial and variable. Body sites and spray replications were significant sources of variation in depositions. Contrasts between certain body sites indicated that more deposition occurred on the chest than on the back and that more occurred on the shoulders than on the upper arms. PMID- 3230260 TI - Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and Morton's neuroma. AB - The authors present a case of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and symptomatic Morton's neuroma. The thought process of the differential diagnosis is explored extensively with substantial support and review of existing literature. PMID- 3230256 TI - Effectiveness of chelation therapy with time after acute vanadium intoxication. AB - The effect of increasing the time interval between vanadium exposure and chelation therapy was studied in male Swiss mice. The following chelating or reducing agents were administered i.p. at 0, 0.5, 2 and 8 h after i.p. administration of 0.16 mmol kg-1 sodium metavanadate: ascorbic acid, deferoxamine mesylate (DFOA) and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene-disulphonic acid (Tiron). These agents were given at doses equal to one-quarter of their respective LD50 values. Daily elimination of vanadium into urine and faeces was determined for four days. The excretion of vanadium was especially rapid in the first 24 h. Treatment with Tiron increased significantly the urinary elimination of vanadium in all four groups during Day 1, whereas DFOA significantly increased the faecal excretion during the same period. Treatment with DFOA or Tiron resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of vanadium in the kidney four days after sodium metavanadate administration. The magnitude of the increased elimination of vanadium, as well as the decreased tissue concentration of the metal, was remarkably attenuated by increasing the time interval between vanadium injection and administration of the chelators. PMID- 3230261 TI - Unilateral renal hypoplasia as an incidental finding in a patient with a ruptured heel cord. AB - A report of unilateral renal hypoplasia in an 11-year-old patient, admitted to the hospital for surgical repair of a ruptured Achilles tendon, is presented. The condition was incidentally discovered because of an elevated blood pressure level. The case demonstrates that screening for hypertension, even in the pediatric population, should be an essential part of the routine podiatric physical examination. PMID- 3230262 TI - Cross screw compression fixation technique in proximal osteotomies of the first metatarsal for correction of hallux abducto valgus. AB - The author presents an excellent method of internal rigid compression fixation utilizing a cross screw technique for base wedge osteotomies of the first metatarsal in conjunction with hallux abducto valgus correction. Critical principles of AO technique that are satisfied with this particular procedure are discussed. Forty-eight cases are reviewed, summarizing the results and discussing the complications. PMID- 3230263 TI - Experience as a factor in the efficacy of the surgical scrub. AB - The efficacy of the preoperative surgical scrub has been studied extensively throughout the years. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first comparative study between surgeons, residents, operating room personnel, and medical students. This paper demonstrates the efficacy of the surgical scrub and the differences between these groups, as well as presents a simple method of monitoring the effectiveness of the surgical scrub in vivo. PMID- 3230264 TI - Modifications of the distal metaphyseal osteotomy to better facilitate use of the Herbert bone screw for fixation. AB - The Herbert bone screw was initially developed for management of fractures of the carpal scaphoid. Due to its unique features, the applications of this rigid internal fixation device have been expanded. The most common use of the Herbert screw in podiatric surgery has been for fixation of the Austin osteotomy of the first metatarsal head, for correction of hallux abducto valgus. Technical difficulties encountered in this procedure may have discouraged its use or led to discontinuance. These problems are addressed, and modifications in technique are suggested. The most important modification involves a change in the angle and orientation of the osteotomy. PMID- 3230265 TI - Modified Van Nes procedure for hallux valgus. AB - The authors describe a modification of the Van Nes procedure for correction of hallux valgus with associated metatarsus primus varus. This procedure results in the closing of the intermetatarsal angle and provides plantarflexion to the first metatarsal. The article includes preoperative criteria, presentation of the surgical technique, statistical review of 100 procedures, and a critical discussion. Also, a new angle is described to aid in the pre- and postoperative evaluation of radiographs. PMID- 3230266 TI - Interevaluator variability in the measurement of proximal articular set angle. AB - The proximal articular set angle (PASA) is used in the evaluation of hallux abducto valgus, as well as a criterial parameter for the selection or rejection of various hallux abducto valgus corrective procedures. The authors casually observed variability in the measurement of PASA in clinical situations, stimulating the development of the presented study to determine if, in fact, the measurement of PASA varies excessively from one physician to another. The results clearly indicate that the interevaluator measurement of PASA is excessive (p less than 0.001 in seven of eight x-ray series and p less than 0.01 in one of eight x ray series). The authors discuss the clinical implications of the findings. Furthermore, the shortcomings of the study are discussed, specifically the inability to conclude about intraevaluator variability. PMID- 3230267 TI - Test of radiologic interpretation: the calcaneus. PMID- 3230268 TI - Current trends in the endocrine use of ketoconazole. PMID- 3230269 TI - [Registries of malformations in the Rhone-Alps/Auvergne region. Value and limits of monitoring teratogenesis. 11 years' experience (1976-1986)]. AB - The authors describe a population-based birth defects registry, started in 1976. The system surveys about 85,000 births per year, occurring in 140 maternity units and representing more than ten per cent of all the births in France. Monitoring first covered the Rhone-Alpes region, then was extended to the Auvergne region in 1983 and to the Jura district in 1985. The method of investigation was "multi source", because any doctor in the zone covered was in a position to notify a malformation to the registry. (497 obstetricians, pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, fetopathologists, geneticists and cytogeneticists). Malformations were coded with a specific terminal elaborated in the registry (1,600 items). The mothers' exposures to drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy were coded by trade names. The registry is a full member of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems, an international organisation now including in this group 25 regional or national birth defects registries and covering more than 3 million births per year. The 1986 results of monitoring birth defects in the described registry are given as examples. Within the eleven years (1976-86), 15,000 cases of malformations were registered, and two clusters have been detected and followed-up: femoral aplasia/hypoplasia in 1980-81 and oesophageal atresia in 1984. No cause was found for these "epidemics". The strong association between in utero exposure to valproic acid with spina bifida is the main result of the activities of the registry since its creation. PMID- 3230270 TI - [Indications of radio-pelvimetry at a university hospital and a district general hospital]. AB - Studies carried out on the phantom have shown how reliable transverse diameter measurements of the pelvis are when carried out by X-Ray scanning pelvimetry compared with conventional X-Ray pelvimetry. The practice of scanning radiopelvimetry (digital radiography) depends on the availability of the machine and of an induced, secondary circuit. The arrival of this new technique makes it necessary for the sake of economy to limit the indications for the investigation. We have studied the indications for the examination in a population of pregnant women in a University Hospital Service as well as pregnant women in a District General Hospital. Since the conditions under which obstetrics are carried out in general hospitals are more precarious, more radiological examinations are carried out in them. Frequently investigations were carried out on primiparous women who have normal pelves. It appeared difficult to lower the number of indications. Digital X-Rays will therefore cost a lot. In university hospitals the indications for carrying out the investigations were studied critically. It seems to be possible to reduce the numbers to 6% of all patients who are delivered. Rationalizing the indications will make it possible to avoid the extra cost which results from carrying out scanning X-Ray pelvimetries more reliably and delivering a lesser dose of X-Rays than ordinary conventional X-Ray pelvimetries deliver. PMID- 3230271 TI - [Uterine rupture due to placenta accreta at 22 weeks' pregnancy. Apropos of a case]. AB - Although early rupture of the uterus is rare, that does not mean that it should not be considered. The case reported here was of a patient in her third pregnancy who suddenly presented with internal haemorrhage requiring immediate laparotomy at the 22nd week of pregnancy. When a broad rupture at the fundus was discovered total hysterectomy had to be carried out. Immediately afterwards the patient collapsed and this required a further operation which showed that one of the cervico-vaginal pedicles had slipped away from its ligature. After this, recovery was uncomplicated. Histological examination made it clear that the cause of the rupture was a placenta increta which had grown on the fundus which itself contained a fibroid. Early ruptures of the uterus are very rare and usually occur in a uterus that has been weakened by an anterior scar, or an abnormal development during the pregnancy or a malformation of the uterus. It is rare for placenta increta to be the cause. We have reviewed the clinical and histological material. Hysterectomy is carried out in order to ensure haemostasis and the procedure is discussed. PMID- 3230272 TI - [Uterine rupture after tubal reimplantation]. AB - The authors report a case of rupture of the right cornu of the uterus in the ninth month of pregnancy in a woman who had had her right tube implanted into her uterus. This complication is considered, in the discussion, to be rare. It is very difficult to prevent it happening during pregnancy. It would seem that a prophylactic caesarean operation should be carried out if the insertion of the placenta is in the area of the implantation. PMID- 3230273 TI - Searching for the face of neoplasia. AB - Modifications of blood group antigens are known to occur in neoplastic tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. We had used lectins, naturally occurring proteins used as molecular probes of carbohydrate structure, to identify a marker of premalignant epithelium in the colon. We used a similar approach to study metaplastic and neoplastic epithelium in the upper gastrointestinal tract, with an emphasis on Barrett's esophagus. The carbohydrate structures (i.e., the glycoconjugates) present faithfully reflected the morphological features, rather than the anatomical location, of each tissue. Of note, only minor modifications in carbohydrate structure were seen in low-grade dysplasia, whereas more distinct changes were seen in high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. This approach provides insight into the biochemistry and metabolism occurring with disordered maturation of the epithelial cell. The aim of this type of investigation is to develop sensitive markers of earlier neoplasia in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3230274 TI - Should we routinely perform liver biopsy in suspected alcoholic liver disease? AB - The traditional arguments for routinely performing liver biopsy in patients with suspected alcoholic liver disease are examined. These arguments may not withstand critical scrutiny and, in most substances, clinical diagnosis may suffice. PMID- 3230275 TI - Is there anything new in obesity surgery? PMID- 3230276 TI - NSAID-induced mucosal injury. AB - Nonsalicylate, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced injury to the gastroduodenal mucosa may be responsible for significant ulceration and bleeding. The pathophysiology of gastroduodenal injury is reviewed and risk factors predisposing to NSAID injury are discussed. Finally, data are presented on the concurrent use of prostaglandin analogues and sucralfate in preventing mucosal injury. PMID- 3230277 TI - Expedient surgical treatment of chronic ulcer stenosis. A case for proximal gastric vagotomy. AB - Forty-nine patients with chronic pyloroduodenal ulcer stenosis were treated surgically in our hospitals between 1977 and 1985. Three operations were used: 16 patients had a proximal gastric vagotomy-pyloroplasty (PGV-P); 26 had a vagotomy antrectomy (V-A); and seven had a truncal vagotomy-pyloroplasty (TV-P). Historical data and preparations for operation were similar in each group. We compared the early clinical outcome in these patients. Two patients died after V A and one died after TV-P. Five patients were reoperated: V-A (three patients), PGV-P and TV-P (one patient each). Delayed gastric emptying with nonoperative resolution (DGE) occurred in nine patients after V-A and in two patients after TV P. Preoperative gastric suction and parenteral nutrition did not avoid DGE or affect timing of return to a general diet. A solid diet was resumed earlier (p less than 0.01) after PGV-P (5 +/- 1 days) than after V-A (13 +/- 8 days) or TV-P (9 +/- 2 days). Ninety-four percent of patients after PGV-P had an uneventful recovery, compared with 46 and 43% after V-A and TV-P, respectively. Among the variables measured, operative choice of PGV-P expedited early surgical recovery of patients with chronic ulcer stenosis. PMID- 3230278 TI - The possible utility of steroids in the prevention of relapses of Crohn's disease in remission. A preliminary study. AB - In Crohn's disease, prednisone is believed to be ineffective for relapse prevention. Because all patients with Crohn's Disease Activity Index lower than 150 and with some altered lab tests (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, alpha-1-acid antitrypsin, and white blood cell count) had a clinical relapse in 18 months of follow-up, we tried to ascertain whether methylprednisolone could reduce the risk of clinical relapse in such patients. Eighteen patients were included in a controlled study against placebo. Nine patients were treated with methylprednisolone at a dosage of 0.25 mg/kg daily for a period of 6 months; treatment was discontinued if disease relapsed or if lab tests were normalized. During the steroid treatment, 1 of 9 patients showed a clinical relapse; in 7, the normalization of lab tests was obtained; in 5 of these 7 patients a relapse occurred within 1 month after the suspension of the treatment; in 1 patient, lab tests remained altered. In those 9 patients on placebo, relapses occurred in 7. We conclude that methylprednisolone was effective in the prevention of relapses for patients in clinical remission but with altered lab tests. PMID- 3230280 TI - Vertical banded gastroplasty for the treatment of morbid obesity. AB - We report the technique and results of vertical banded gastroplasty in 86 morbidly obese patients. At 12 months, the patients had lost a mean of 57% of their excess body weight; 36 months, they had lost 70%. The most severe early complication was perforation of the esophagus. Other complications included disruption of the vertical staple line in three cases and migration of the mesh band. We were able to achieve satisfactory weight reduction in all patients over a period of 36 months. In view of the good results, reduced morbidity, and absence of mortality, we feel that vertical banded gastroplasty is the surgical treatment of choice for morbid obesity at present. PMID- 3230279 TI - An evaluation of results of colon anastomosis in prepared and unprepared bowel. AB - Considerable controversy exists about the wisdom of primary anastomosis after resection of the unprepared right colon. We reviewed the records of 70 patients who had undergone colon resection with primary anastomosis in emergency and elective situations. One group consisted of 50 patients who underwent nonemergent colon resection after standard mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation (prepared). The second group consisted of 20 patients who underwent resection of the right colon on an emergent basis without benefit of bowel preparation (unprepared). Risk factors (steroid dependence, peritonitis, previous radiation, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure) and complications were analyzed for each group. Statistical analysis demonstrated the following: (a) the incidence of total complications was greater in the unprepared group (p = 0.04), (b) there was an increased incidence of anastomotic disruption in the unprepared group (p = 0.02), and (c) a significant relationship existed (p = 0.005) between the presence of one or more risk factors and the development of complications after surgery in the unprepared group, indicating that in the absence of risk factors a successful outcome could be anticipated with primary anastomosis. Based on data from this study, our conclusions are twofold. First, in the presence of one or more risk factors, primary anastomosis after resection of unprepared right colon should not be attempted. Second, in any situation in which there are no risk factors, primary anastomosis of the unprepared right colon would be expected to achieve similar results as with prepared bowel. PMID- 3230281 TI - Collagenous colitis: an association with fecal leukocytes. AB - Collagenous colitis is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder of the colon associated with watery diarrhea, minimal to normal endoscopic findings, and a pathognomonic subepithelial band of collagen. This band is associated with a mucosal, acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate. During the evaluation of four cases of collagenous colitis, we noted a remarkable number of acute inflammatory cells in the stool. This association has not been well recognized and carries important diagnostic significance because the mucosal appearance of the colon is frequently normal and nondiagnostic biopsies can occur early in the course of the disease or if obtained from the rectum. These cases suggest that collagenous colitis should be added to the differential diagnosis of diarrhea where fecal leukocytes are present. PMID- 3230282 TI - The diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy by computed tomography. AB - We describe 2 patients with biopsy-proven acute fatty liver of pregnancy in whom the diagnosis was suggested by the finding of uniform reduced attenuation values on computed tomography (CT) of the liver. The attenuation values returned to normal with resolution of signs and symptoms following delivery. CT of the liver provides a useful method for the diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy. PMID- 3230283 TI - Secretion provocation in achlorhydria. PMID- 3230284 TI - Does age affect gut absorption? PMID- 3230285 TI - Vaccination coverage evaluation survey, Thane district, Maharashtra-1987. PMID- 3230286 TI - A simple screening method for field evaluation of vaccine efficacy. PMID- 3230287 TI - Field evaluation of measles vaccine efficacy in Najafgarh zone of delhi. PMID- 3230288 TI - Phlebotomid sandflies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Delhi and environs. PMID- 3230289 TI - Rodent-louse association in rural biotopes of peninsular India. PMID- 3230290 TI - Issues in disease surveillance. PMID- 3230291 TI - A search for Leishmania in normal skin and blood of Kala-Azar patients from Bihar, India. PMID- 3230292 TI - Evaluation of the infertile couple. PMID- 3230293 TI - Ophthalmologic considerations in head and facial trauma. PMID- 3230294 TI - Radiology clinic. Generalized osteosclerosis in an 83-year-old man with hip pain. PMID- 3230295 TI - How to decide which managed health care plans to offer. PMID- 3230296 TI - New law preserves physicians' rights to distribute drug samples. PMID- 3230297 TI - Radiology clinic. Female runner with shin pain. PMID- 3230298 TI - The critical care chaplain. PMID- 3230299 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: a case report. PMID- 3230301 TI - A guide to peddling your influences. PMID- 3230300 TI - How joining an HMO or PPO can benefit your practice. PMID- 3230302 TI - Section 89 of the tax law: an employee benefits revolution. PMID- 3230303 TI - Excise tax on retirement benefits. PMID- 3230304 TI - Rapidly rising medical costs. PMID- 3230305 TI - Tobacco menace and role of doctors. PMID- 3230307 TI - Ocular problems in school-going children. PMID- 3230308 TI - Parkinsonism as a feature of temporal lobe glioma. PMID- 3230306 TI - Impact of gestational age on birth score of neonates with antecedents of foetal distress. PMID- 3230309 TI - Foreign body in bronchus: an unusual presentation. PMID- 3230311 TI - Spirometry in euthyroid goitre. PMID- 3230310 TI - Tension gastrothorax complicating traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 3230312 TI - Occupational health service in the hospitals: its importance in the context of health for all by 2000 AD. PMID- 3230313 TI - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. PMID- 3230314 TI - Leiomyoblastoma of stomach. PMID- 3230316 TI - A stick in the rectum. PMID- 3230315 TI - Traumatic rupture of diaphragm due to blunt injury. PMID- 3230317 TI - Leiomyoma of the jejunum. PMID- 3230319 TI - Diagnosis of intra-abdominal injury with special reference to peritoneal aspiration. PMID- 3230318 TI - Unilateral ankylosis of hyoid bone. PMID- 3230320 TI - Cord prolapse: a challenge to the obstetrician. PMID- 3230321 TI - Pattern of malignant thyroid neoplasms in Ajmer. PMID- 3230322 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of CSF transaminase activity in convulsive disorders in infants and children. PMID- 3230323 TI - Pyogenic meningitis with special reference to lactic dehydrogenase in CSF. PMID- 3230324 TI - Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with double compartment hydrocephalus. PMID- 3230325 TI - Vagaries in diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy. PMID- 3230326 TI - Nasal haemangiopericytoma. PMID- 3230327 TI - Immunotherapy in the management of renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 3230328 TI - In vitro testing of chemotherapeutic combinations in a rapid thymidine incorporation assay. AB - A total of 199 solid human tumors were tested with a rapid thymidine incorporation assay for sensitivity to one of several clinically used multi-drug combinations and to each agent in the combination separately. Melanomas, lung and breast cancers accounted for the majority of specimens. In 120 specimens, at least one single agent exhibited in vitro activity (80% or greater inhibition of thymidine incorporation), and in 116 of these (96.7%) the drug combination was active in vitro. In the 79 specimens where no single agent was active in vitro, the combination was also inactive in 62 (78.5%). Overall, there was concordance of in vitro activity of the most active single agent and the combination of agents in 89.5% of specimens tested. A lack of significant in vitro synergy was noted in all of the drug combinations and tumor types tested. Of note is the fact that in 141 of the 199 tests (70.9%) either no drug (n = 79) or only 1 drug (n = 62) demonstrated in vitro activity. We conclude that the rapid thymidine incorporation assay can be used to test for in vitro sensitivity to drug combinations, and that sensitivity to a drug combination can be inferred if a tumor is sensitive to any component drug of the combination. PMID- 3230329 TI - L-428 Reed-Sternberg cells and mononuclear Hodgkin's cells arise from a single cloned mononuclear cell. AB - The L-428 cell line derived from nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease was verified to be a human female cell line with surface marker and morphologic characteristics similar to native Hodgkin's cells. Single cells were cloned and subcloned twice to determine the characteristics of the clonogenic L-428 Hodgkin's cell (resulting in a 10% cloning efficiency). Both mononuclear L-428 cells and classical Reed-Sternberg cells arose from solitary cells. The clonogenic cell was the mononuclear Hodgkin's cell, although small abortive colonies sometimes arose from classical binucleate Reed-Sternberg cells. Cytogenetic and phenotypic analysis supported the clonality of three subclones and indicated, among many findings, consistent abnormalities of the long arm of chromosome 7 (beta-chain of the T cell receptor) and 14q32 (Ig heavy chain). Distinctive abnormalities of cytogenetics, phenotyping and transforming growth factor-beta production were exhibited for each clone as well. These observations demonstrate the relationship of the continuum of malignant mononuclear and multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells in this cell culture from nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease and suggest that a similar relationship exists in native Hodgkin's disease tissue. These observations also support the theory of clonality in Hodgkin's disease and suggest that in vivo contiguous metastasis in the L-428 Hodgkin's disease patient was most likely accomplished by a Ki-1 positive small mononuclear cell. PMID- 3230330 TI - Phase I-II trial of interferon-alpha 2b by continuous subcutaneous infusion over 28 days. AB - Interferon-alpha 2b (IFN-alpha) was administered by continuous subcutaneous (s.c.) infusion to 23 patients with hematologic malignancies or metastatic solid tumors: 5 patients with multiple myeloma, 3 with malignant melanoma, 2 with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 10 patients with renal cell cancer, and 3 patients with other solid tumors. Drug was delivered by continuous s.c. infusion for 28 days (1 cycle) at daily dose levels of 0.7, 1.4, 2.5, 3.6, or 5.0 X 10(6) IU/m2 to 3, 3, 3, 8, and 6 patients, respectively. At the highest dose level, a severe flu-like syndrome was seen in 3 patients and severe gastrointestinal toxicity in 2 patients. The maximally tolerated dose (MTD) was 3.6 X 10(6) IU/m2.day and the principal toxicity was a mild to moderate flu-like syndrome. Local skin reactions were occasionally noted at all dose levels if the s.c. needle site was not rotated every 3-4 days. At dose levels of 2.5-3.6 X 10(6) IU/m2.day, IFN-alpha serum levels at steady state ranged from 19 to 61 IU/ml. The time to achieve steady-state conditions ranged from 40 to 72 h and at steady state, 24 h area under the concentration time curve (AUC24 h) ranged from 480 to 1,464 IU/ml.h. Objective responses were seen 3 of 17 evaluable patients: 1/7 in renal cell cancer (14%); 1/2 in CML and in one patient with ependymoma. Remissions lasted 4, 8, and 15 months in renal cell, CML, and ependymoma, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230331 TI - Effect of indomethacin, aspirin, and acetaminophen on in vitro antiviral and antiproliferative activities of recombinant human interferon-alpha 2a. AB - The effects of indomethacin, aspirin, and acetaminophen on the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of recombinant human interferon-alpha 2a (rIFN-alpha 2a) were studied in vitro. None of the drugs inhibited the antiviral activity of rIFN-alpha 2a in human amnion FL cells against vesicular stomatitis virus, or interfered with its antiproliferative activity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 cells or renal cell carcinoma NC 65 cells. Although, at high concentrations, aspirin (1 mM) or indomethacin (0.1 mM) alone inhibited the cell growth, rIFN-alpha 2a showed clear additive growth inhibition. It was concluded that neither indomethacin, aspirin, nor acetaminophen directly inhibited the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of rIFN-alpha 2a. The possible use of these three drugs to reduce the adverse effects of rIFN-alpha 2a without spoiling its profitable efficacy in clinical practice is suggested. PMID- 3230332 TI - Effect of recombinant interferon-beta ser on primary human tumor colony-forming units. AB - A capillary cloning system for primary human tumor colony-forming units was applied to a total of 286 tumors, and 226 (79%) provided satisfactory cultures. These were used to study the in vitro anti-proliferative effects of a recombinant DNA human interferon-beta (rIFN-beta ser). Growth inhibition was somewhat greater when relatively high IFN concentrations were used, but continuous exposure to the IFN was not more effective than exposure for only 1 h. The tumors inhibited included breast, kidney, lung (non-small-cell), head and neck cancers, melanoma, and, especially, mesothelioma. This spectrum of activity differs from that of the IFNs-alpha so far examined. The IFN-beta ser did not differ significantly in activity from native IFN-beta. When tested in combination with five cytotoxic anticancer agents, it did not increase their effects. Future correlation of these in vitro data with clinical results will show whether this capillary cell cloning method is a useful predictor of antitumor activity in patients. PMID- 3230333 TI - Histone proteins inhibit activation of the interferon-induced protein kinase by binding to double-stranded RNA. AB - Bulk calf thymus histone proteins, when included in reaction mixtures, inhibit activation of partially purified double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent protein kinase, and are themselves only poorly phosphorylated. This inhibition of enzyme activation could be overcome by preincubating enzyme with dsRNA, in the absence of ATP, or by increasing the dsRNA concentration to 100 micrograms/ml. Under these conditions histone proteins were actively phosphorylated. In addition, histone proteins could reverse the nonactivating effects of preincubating enzyme with a high concentration of dsRNA. We demonstrate that histone proteins bind specifically to dsRNA. These results suggest that inhibition of kinase activation by histone is due to competition for binding to available dsRNA. Several virus encoded inhibitors of the interferon-induced protein kinase are likely dsRNA binding proteins, which may function in a manner analogous to histone proteins. PMID- 3230334 TI - CA 15.3 and CEA plasma level monitoring in patients with breast cancer. AB - CA 15.3 and CEA were determined in the serum of 217 patients with early and advanced breast carcinoma. CA 15.3 was high (greater than 30 U/ml) in 1/6 (17%) patients with stage I-II primary tumor, in 4/77 (5%) patients without clinical signs of disease after mastectomy, in 67/102 (65%) patients with advanced disease in progression, and in 13/32 (41%) patients with advanced disease not in progression and undergoing therapy. The corresponding incidences of pathological CEA values (greater than 2.5 ng/ml) were 33, 8, 55 and 14%. The combination of the two markers brings about a certain improvement in the sensitivity for recognising patients with advanced disease in progression (79/102 = 77%). The presence of high values of CA 15.3 is statistically correlated to the prevalent site of metastases (bone and viscera greater than soft tissues). Monitoring the two markers during antitumor therapy in 36 patients showed good accordance (56%) between CA 15.3 changes and response to therapy. The decrease of the marker in patients who achieved partial remission was statistically significant. In conclusion, CA 15.3 is more sensitive than CEA in recognising patients with advanced disease in progression and gives better accordance with the response to therapy. The simultaneous use of the two markers may be useful in the follow-up of operated patients and in monitoring the disease during treatment. PMID- 3230335 TI - Antiferritin antibodies in immunoscintigraphic detection of human tumor xenografts. AB - Affinity-purified antibodies against human placental ferritin and their F(ab)2 fragments labeled with 131I were examined for suitability for radioimmunodetection of ferritin-containing tumors. The nude mouse model (BALB/c, nu/nu) with xenografts of HeLa cell tumors and human adenocarcinoma of the rectum (with proven ferritin content) was used. Gamma-camera imaging and tissue distribution studies revealed that both kinds of tumor selectively accumulate antiferritin antibodies and their fragments. In large necrotic tumors nonspecific uptake of radiolabeled normal IgG occurred, but otherwise there was no tumor localisation. This study, in accordance with the literature, confirms the utility of antiferritin antibodies for the detection of human tumors in an animal model. PMID- 3230336 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen and breast carcinoma antigen (CA 15.3) in preoperative staging and postoperative monitoring of patients with carcinoma of the breast. AB - Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and breast carcinoma antigen (CA 15.3) were determined in patients with breast carcinoma: in 129 before initial surgical or nonsurgical treatment and in 134 afterwards. Before any initial treatment, CEA was elevated in 15% of patients with Stage IV disease and CA 15.3 was high in 11% with Stage III and 48% with Stage IV. While monitoring management active disease was associated with elevated serum CEA in 66% of the patients, with elevated CA 15.3 in 73% and with at least one of the markers elevated in 86%. Both tests had high specificity (93% and 98%). The rise in serum CEA and, even more so, of serum CA 15.3 roughly paralleled the increase in bulk of the tumor: from locoregional disease through metastases to the lungs, bones, lungs with bones, and liver. Decreases in the levels of serum CEA and CA 15.3 reflected response to therapy, increases in the level of at least one marker-treatment failure, and levels fluctuating above the normal range indicated stationary disease. During follow-up, the predictive value of a negative test (levels within the normal range), suggesting that the patient might be free of disease, was 61% for CEA alone, 67% for CA 15.3 alone, and 80% for the two tests combined. We conclude that an elevated serum level of only one of the markers was useful for staging, implying advanced disease. Determination of both markers jointly was useful for monitoring the effectiveness of the therapy and for follow-up aimed at detection of relapse. PMID- 3230337 TI - Radioimmunoscintigraphy using monoclonal antibodies to CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 125. AB - 131I labelled F (ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibodies against CA 19-9 and CEA ("radioimmunococktail" IMACIS 1) were used in a prospective study (n = 60 patients) and in a retrospective study (n = 32 patients) for the detection of colorectal carcinomas (n = 67) and other gastrointestinal CEA/CA 19-9-producing tumors (n = 32). Sensitivity was 82% and specificity 90%. Immunoscintigraphy proved useful and complementary to CT scan and sonography, especially in the diagnosis of pelvic recurrences and intra-abdominal metastases. In addition, monoclonal antibody OC 125 (IMACIS 2) was used for the detection of ovarian carcinomas (n = 10) and other CA 125 producing tumors. Immunoscintigraphy was positive in all patients (n = 18) suggesting that this radioimmunological approach could be of use in the staging, therapeutic control and earlier diagnosis of recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3230338 TI - Serum levels of melatonin in cancer patients and their relation to body sizes. AB - Melatonin secretion is often enhanced in patients with cancer. In the light of a reported correlation between melatonin levels and body size, we investigated blood levels of this pineal hormone in a group of 72 patients affected by cancer, 30 of whom had body weight within the normal range, 30 were obese and the last 12 cases had body weight below the normal range, in order to establish whether in fact melatonin blood concentrations were related to body size. Melatonin levels were high in 19/72 patients (26%). The mean levels of the pineal hormone were similar in patients with normal, low and high body weight. Finally, there was no significant correlation between melatonin values and body weight, height or surface. Melatonin secretion thus does not appear to be influenced by body size in cancer patients. PMID- 3230339 TI - Prognostic value of histochemical evaluation of steroid binding sites in breast tumors. AB - Frozen tumor sections and/or cytological smears and aspirates from 614 patients were studied utilizing the fluorescent estrogen binding technique of Lee. Survival analyses of the results indicated that women less than 55 years of age and with positive tumors had a statistically better disease-free interval and survived significantly longer than older patients. The method is thus an independent predictor of survival and disease-free interval in this subgroup of breast cancer patients. PMID- 3230340 TI - Carbohydrate CA 50. A new tumor marker in colorectal cancer. PMID- 3230341 TI - [Simple method for preparative slab gel electrophoresis--application for the purification of dehydrogenases]. PMID- 3230342 TI - [Antitumor activity of neutrophils induced by a nonspecific immunopotentiator OK 432. I. Experimental study using a rat model of malignant ascites]. PMID- 3230344 TI - [Late effect of intraoperative irradiation on spinal cord--experimental and clinical assessment]. PMID- 3230343 TI - [Clinical significance of nuclear DNA contents in prostate cancer]. PMID- 3230345 TI - [Inhibition of pulmonary metastasis in mice by OK-432--MCT emulsion administrated enterally]. PMID- 3230347 TI - Hyaluronidase removal of the cumulus oophorus increases in vitro fertilization. AB - The effect of hyaluronidase removal of the cumulus oophorus on the in vitro fertilization rate of oocytes obtained from patients with poor oocyte fertilizability has been evaluated. Eighty-eight oocytes were obtained from 13 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) for indications of male-factor, immunological, and idiopathic infertility. In addition, patients in whom fertilization did not occur on previous IVF cycles were evaluated in the study. The oocytes of each individual patient were randomly assigned into a treatment (removal of the cumulus; N = 40 oocytes) or nontreatment group (control; N = 48 oocytes). Hyaluronidase was used to remove the cumulus immediately following oocyte retrieval, and insemination was performed 6-8 hr later. The overall oocyte fertilization rate (both treated and untreated) was 42%. The treatment group demonstrated a higher rate of fertilization compared to the nontreatment group (55% vs 31%; P less than 0.05). Examination of various patient groups revealed a statistically significant difference in fertilization rates between the treated and the untreated oocytes only in the "no previous fertilization" group (60% vs 28%; P less than 0.05). A higher rate of fertilization of the treated oocytes was also seen in the immunologic infertility group, however, statistical significance was not achieved (50% vs 25%; P = 0.07). Only one clinical pregnancy was achieved in this group of 13 patients. We conclude that in this group of patients, removal of the cumulus prior to insemination may, in some cases, increase the fertilization potential of the oocyte. PMID- 3230346 TI - Sister-sister in vitro fertilization surrogate pregnancy with donor sperm: the case for surrogate gestational pregnancy. AB - A case of surrogate pregnancy is described in the sister of a 40-year-old hysterectomized woman where two oocytes of the latter were fertilized in vitro with known donor sperm and transferred into the surrogate. A normal singleton pregnancy developed which was complicated after 24 weeks of gestation with recurrent antepartum hemorrhages due to grade 3 placenta praevia. A healthy female baby was delivered by elective cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation. The legal, social, psychological, and ethical issues of surrogacy remain unsettled and are discussed in this case report. PMID- 3230348 TI - The fate of supernumerary oocytes in gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is not predictive of a poor outcome: the effect of oocyte selection. AB - In 161 consecutive gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) cycles in which supernumerary oocytes were inseminated, a failure to fertilize any of these oocytes was no more predictive of an unsuccessful outcome than the simple overall pregnancy rate in this group. This is possibly related to the significantly reduced proportion of oocytes graded as good in the supernumerary group. PMID- 3230349 TI - Effects of the zona pellucida, agar embedding, and culture on the survival of micromanipulated bovine embryos after freezing and thawing. AB - Three experiments were undertaken to compare how the integrity of the zona pellucida, embedding in agar, and incubation in the sheep oviduct, respectively, affected the survival of bovine embryos after micromanipulation, freezing, and thawing. In Experiment 1, the proportions of whole day 7 embryos that continued their development in vitro after being frozen without a zona pellucida (N = 18), or with the zona pellucida opened over one-half (N = 14), or one-fourth (N = 14) of its circumference, or left intact (N = 17) did not differ significantly (44, 43, 36, and 59%, respectively). Experiment 2 compared the survival of bisected day 7 embryos frozen with or without embedding in agar cylinders. In vitro, one of eight half-embryos (17%) survived in each group. In vivo, the survival rate was 0% (N = 18) after freezing half-embryos in an agar cylinder and (11%) (N = 18) for halves frozen without agar. In Experiment 3, embryos were bisected on day 5 or 6, embedded in agar, then cultured for 2 days or 1 day, respectively, in the sheep oviduct before freezing them on day 7. Of the 54 half-embryos transferred to the sheep oviducts, 27 (50%) were recovered, frozen, thawed, and transferred to recipients, resulting in the birth of 17 calves (63%), of which six pairs were identical twins. This survival rate was significantly higher than for control embryos collected at day 7, bisected, and frozen without agar embedding (16%; N = 12).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230352 TI - Emotional aspects and support in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer programs. AB - Little is known about the emotional demands upon women of the step-by-step procedures characteristic of involvement in an in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program. In this study, 77 women provided their perceptions of the emotional demands of IVF-ET and explanations for failed attempts, as well as describing their coping strategies and sources of emotional support. Nominated as the two most difficult stages of IVF were the wait for a possible pregnancy after the procedure and the blood tests and injections prior to hospitalization. Women were overly optimistic with a first attempt, with 70% being moderately to highly optimistic about success. Levels of optimism, however, generally declined across attempts. About half of the women intended to stop after four attempts, and almost all would stop after six treatment cycles. Women attributed their lack of success to a wide range of factors, including the low success rate, being anxious or stressed, bad luck, or problems associated with their condition and the procedure. Asked how they coped with the program, the women reported that the major strategy was to adopt the attitude that they might be successful in the long term. Other coping strategies involved keeping busy, staying calm, and seeking the support of other IVF women and husbands. Husbands were listed as the major source of emotional support, followed by other infertile women and nurses, counselors, and doctors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230351 TI - Effects of charcoal-extracted serum as a growth medium supplement on in vitro development of mouse embryos. AB - Two-cell mouse embryos (N = 952) were cultured in modified Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with 15% charcoal-extracted serum or 15% nonextracted serum from 17 patients. Each sample was assayed independently and all experiments run in duplicate. Ten nonextracted samples inhibited development to the blastocyst stage compared to controls in F-10 alone. Charcoal extraction significantly improved (P less than 0.05) development compared to nonextracted serum in eight of these samples. Seven samples supported development and no difference was noted between F-10 alone and extracted and nonextracted serum-supplemented media in this group. In conclusion, charcoal extraction significantly reversed the "embryotoxic" effects of some sera in the two-cell mouse embryo model. PMID- 3230353 TI - Recovery of a preovulatory binucleate oocyte in a patient following induction of ovulation for in vitro fertilization. AB - A preovulatory oocyte with two germinal vesicles was recovered. This oocyte underwent germinal vesicle breakdown but did not form a polar body. PMID- 3230350 TI - Luteotropic activity in serum of women following embryo or gamete transfer in a program of assisted conception. AB - In an attempt to track the proliferation/demise of trophoblastic tissues in women following gamete transfer (GT) or in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET), we have measured levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in serum of 180 patients on days 7 and 14 following oocyte pickup (OPU). Serum hCG levels were measured by immunoassay and by a bioassay based on the capacity of the sample to stimulate testosterone secretion by cultured mouse Leydig cells. Based on determinations of bioactive and immunoactive hCG in serum from 18 of 180 patients who subsequently delivered (12 of 73 GT, 6 of 107 IVF/ET; P less than 0.05) and classification of patients in accord with their compliance or noncompliance with these ranges of values, about 70% of all patients in the present study were classified as "pregnant" 7 days following OPU. Based on these same criteria, about 23% were pregnant 7 days later. Biochemical pregnancy rates on days 7 and 14 following GT (near 73 and 27%, respectively) were not different from the respective values following IVF/ET (near 68 and 20%, respectively; P greater than 0.05). The luteotropin bioassay described is highly sensitive to hCG (to 0.02 mIU/ml serum) and appears appropriate to the characterization of proliferation/demise of embryonic tissues during the 14 days after gamete/embryo transfer. In addition, through its representation of the cumulative luteotropic properties of human serum and its insensitivity to biologically inactive hCG subunits, this bioassay appears more appropriate than hCG immunoassay in the monitoring of early embryonic signalling following assisted (or spontaneous) conception in the woman. PMID- 3230354 TI - Duration of storage of cryopreserved human embryos. AB - The incidence of cell injury, embryo survival, and implantation following cryopreservation of zygotes and two- to five-cell embryos was studied in 100 patients in order to evaluate the effect of duration of storage. The incidence of individual cell survival was 58% regardless of the length of time kept in liquid nitrogen or the stage of the embryo at freezing. There were 104 of 208 (50%) thawed embryos that survived completely intact, and of those, 24 implanted successfully. Twenty-one (21%) patients had a clinical pregnancy; two of them miscarried Neither the survival of zygotes or cleaved embryos upon thawing nor the incidence of implantation was affected by the duration of cryostorage. PMID- 3230355 TI - Returning to spontaneous cycles in in vitro fertilization. PMID- 3230356 TI - In vitro fertilization: a comparative study of cleavage rates under epidural and general anesthesia--interest for gamete intrafallopian transfer. PMID- 3230357 TI - Results of the Pennsylvania Reproductive Associates, Pennsylvania. PMID- 3230358 TI - The in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program at the C.M.I. Virgen de las Nieves in Granada, Spain. PMID- 3230360 TI - Volvulus of an appendiceal mucocele presenting as a small bowel obstruction. PMID- 3230359 TI - The in vitro fertilization program in Bialystok, Poland. PMID- 3230361 TI - Health care in transition: the physician and the OWAs. PMID- 3230362 TI - ECG of the month. Medicate or mediate? PMID- 3230363 TI - Epistasis in the multiple locus symmetric viability model. AB - The n-locus two-allele symmetric viability model is considered in terms of the parameters measuring the additive epistasis in fitness. The dynamics is analysed using a simple linear transformation of the gametic frequencies, and then the recurrence equations depend on the epistatic parameters and Geiringer's recombination distribution only. The model exhibits an equilibrium, the central equilibrium, where the 2n gametes are equally frequent. The transformation simplifies the stability analysis of the central point, and provides the stability conditions in terms of the existence conditions of other equilibria. For total negative epistasis (all epistatic parameters are negative) the central point is stable for all recombination distributions. For free recombination either a central point (segregating one, two, ... or n loci) or the n-locus fixation states are stable. For no recombination and some epistatic parameters positive the central point is unstable and several boundary equilibria may be locally stable. The sign structure of the additive epistasis is therefore an important determinant of the dynamics of the n-locus symmetric viability model. The non-symmetric multiple locus models previously analysed are dynamically related, and they all have an epistatic sign structure that resembles that of the multiplicative viability model. A non-symmetric model with total negative epistasis which share dynamical properties with the similar symmetric model is suggested. PMID- 3230364 TI - Models for pair formation in bisexual populations. AB - Birth, death, pair formation, and separation are described by a system of three nonlinear homogeneous ordinary differential equations. The qualitative properties of the system are investigated, in particular the conditions for existence and global stability of the bisexual state. PMID- 3230365 TI - Global stability results for a generalized Lotka-Volterra system with distributed delays. Applications to predator-prey and to epidemic systems. AB - The paper contains an extension of the general ODE system proposed in previous papers by the same authors, to include distributed time delays in the interaction terms. The new system describes a large class of Lotka-Volterra like population models and epidemic models with continuous time delays. Sufficient conditions for the boundedness of solutions and for the global asymptotic stability of nontrivial equilibrium solutions are given. A detailed analysis of the epidemic system is given with respect to the conditions for global stability. For a relevant subclass of these systems an existence criterion for steady states is also given. PMID- 3230367 TI - The effects of slip velocity at a membrane surface on blood flow in the microcirculation. AB - Closed-form solutions are presented for blood flow in the microcirculation by taking into account the influence of slip velocity at the membrane surface. In this study, the convective inertia force is neglected in comparison with that of blood viscosity on the basis of the smallness of the Reynolds number of the flow in microcirculation. The permeability property of the blood vessel is based on the well known Starling's hypothesis. The effects of slip coefficient on the velocity and pressure fields are clearly depicted. PMID- 3230368 TI - Diagnosing and treating chronic pain. A challenge for both practitioner and patient. PMID- 3230366 TI - Enzyme kinetics for a two-step enzymic reaction with comparable initial enzyme substrate ratios. AB - We extend the validity of the quasi-steady state assumption for a model double intermediate enzyme-substrate reaction to include the case where the ratio of initial enzyme to substrate concentration is not necessarily small. Simple analytical solutions are obtained when the reaction rates and the initial substrate concentration satisfy a certain condition. These analytical solutions compare favourably with numerical solutions of the full system of differential equations describing the reaction. Experimental methods are suggested which might permit the application of the quasi-steady state assumption to reactions where it may not have been obviously applicable before. PMID- 3230369 TI - The new medical education in Georgia. PMID- 3230371 TI - Report of the Georgia State Cancer Registry, 1975-1985. PMID- 3230370 TI - Telling the whole truth--optimist or crepe hanger? PMID- 3230372 TI - Hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. PMID- 3230373 TI - Understanding legal boilerplate. PMID- 3230374 TI - Productivity and selected indicators of care in maternity and infant care and children and youth projects according to sponsorship. AB - Bureau Common Reporting Requirements (BCRR) data tapes for Fiscal Year 1980 were analyzed to determine whether the type of sponsoring agency influenced the productivity or indicators of care of Maternity and Infant Care and Children and Youth Projects. Sponsors were classified as either health department or non health department, health department or major medical center, or public or private in three separate sets of analyses. Some of these analyses indicated that special projects that were either health department or public agency sponsored were more likely to have more non-medical patient encounters and more health education and social work staff for a given level of expenditures. Although publicly sponsored projects employed fewer physician equivalents than did the non public projects, those physicians were more productive. Despite these differences in encounters, staffing, and utilization of physicians, there were no differences in available measures of the process of care between categories of projects in any of the analyses. PMID- 3230376 TI - Evolution of a computerized support system for health care capacity planning. AB - This paper describes the evolution of a computerized support system for health care capacity planning within the Veterans Administration (VA) health care system. The VA's early attempts at computerization are described, along with the subsequent refinements made necessary by the deficiencies in those early attempts. The evolution of both the planning logic and the software configurations in set forth, along with some plans for future development. PMID- 3230375 TI - The design and implementation of a software system for clinical studies: an illustration based on the needs of a comprehensive cancer center. AB - A computerized system for the management of a clinical research database has been developed with several attractive features. This relational database management system allows for screen-driven data entry, data checking, system security, and report generation in a timely manner. In addition, the system is cost-effective in a number of ways: (1) development time is considerably reduced due to the inherent programming features of the software, (2) once developed the system can be maintained by nontechnical personnel thereby reducing personnel costs, (3) the system can be developed and maintained on a microcomputer system, and (4) the commercial software used in our system is periodically updated thereby assuring the user of state-of-the-art technology. Beyond the initial expenditures for hardware and software, no additional system costs are incurred. While this system, currently adopted by the Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, represents an effective approach to handling the data-management needs of a large, single institution cancer research center, the design and programming methodology can be readily adapted to other research settings. PMID- 3230377 TI - Bioluminescent monitoring of ATP release from human red blood cells treated with nonionic detergent. AB - The adaptation of the firefly luciferin-luciferase system for the detection of ATP in the presence of Triton X 100 or Brij 58 nonionic detergents is described. The method is sensitive, easy to perform and is suitable for the continuous monitoring of the mobilization rate of ATP from Triton X 100- or Brij 58-treated human erythrocytes. A very rapid ATP release was observed after Triton X 100 treatment of the red blood cells while the presence of Brij 58 caused a retarded mobilization of the intracellular ATP. The technique described seems to be applicable to all kinds of cells. PMID- 3230378 TI - Determination of leukocyte elastase-inhibitor complexes and leukocyte neutral proteinase inhibitor by enzyme immunoassays. Leukocyte elastase-inhibitor complexes in porcine blood, III. AB - Sensitive enzyme immunoassays for the determination of total leukocyte neutral proteinase inhibitor and polymorphonuclear elastase-leukocyte neutral proteinase inhibitor complexes are described. The usable ranges of the standard curves were from 80 ng/l to 10 micrograms/l. The relative intra-assay coefficients of variation of the tests were between 2 and 4%, and the inter-assay coefficients of variation between 4 and 10%. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed with septic pigs and isolated leukocytes. The results show that leukocyte neutral proteinase inhibitor can be used in pigs as a parameter for the development of a septicaemia. PMID- 3230379 TI - Accumulation of iron and iron compounds in liver tissue. A comparative study of the histological and chemical estimation of liver iron. AB - Unsatisfactory results obtained by histological evaluation of liver tissue in iron loading diseases prompted us to study the distribution of the total liver iron, haem iron and ferritin iron in post mortem human liver tissue from two different sites of the same liver. The total liver iron content was measured by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy in native liver homogenates and in acid digested liver tissue from 60 consecutive autopsies, and the results from the two methods were compared. From the standard deviation of the duplicate analyses, it was deduced that the liver iron is possibly inhomogeneously distributed. The CVduplo (22%) of total iron, measured in acid digested tissue was higher than the CVduplo (14%) of total iron in homogenates from liver tissue from which non homogenized tissue e.g. vessel walls, fibrotic tissue, had been removed. The CVduplo of ferritin iron and haem iron in liver homogenate was 14% and 30% respectively. The ferritin iron increased with an increasing total iron content until saturation of ferritin iron appeared to be reached at 2.5 micrograms ferritin iron per mg liver protein. When the results of total non-heam liver iron measurements are expressed properly (amount of iron per amount of homogenized liver protein), the distribution of iron is found to be homogeneous in both normal and pathological liver tissues. It was concluded that the estimation of liver iron content by visual microscopic evaluation is unsatisfactory, and that more reliable results are obtained by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. PMID- 3230381 TI - [Study of the cadmium level of the population of the Augsburg area (Southern Germany)]. AB - Cadmium concentrations in liver and kidney were determined in 68 deceased patients (41 male, 27 female) from the Augsburg area. The following concentrations were found: liver 2.2-77.3 (median 16.0) nmol/g dry weight; renal cortex 87.2-2120.0 (median 315.4) nmol/g dry weight; renal medulla 34.7-913.7 (median 186.4) nmol/g dry weight. On average, the values for the renal medullas were 0.56 times the values for the renal cortex. Females showed lower values in liver, renal cortex and renal medulla than males. The total bodily burden with cadmium was determined to be 13.2-303.9 (median 51.6) mumol. A moderate, but significant correlation was found between the cadmium concentrations in the liver and the kidney (rs = 0.3), a stronger correlation between the concentrations in the renal cortex and renal medulla (rs = 0.6). The problematic conversion of the results obtained with wet samples into values for dry samples is discussed, as well as the possible influence of different diseases of the liver and/or the kidney on the concentrations found. PMID- 3230380 TI - Study of the ergothioneine concentration in the blood of individuals with diabetes mellitus. AB - Ergothioneine concentrations in the blood of 113 patients with diabetes mellitus and 22 non-diabetic individuals were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. There is no statistically significant difference between the mean ergothioneine concentrations of the diabetic and non-diabetic populations but there are several significant differences within the diabetic population. Male diabetics have a higher ergothioneine concentration than female diabetics. Type II diabetics have a higher ergothioneine concentration than type I diabetics. Diabetics receiving a higher insulin dose have higher ergothioneine concentrations. There was no correlation of ergothioneine concentration with the concentration of haemoglobin A1 or with the number of years diabetic. It is suggested that zinc therapy may be beneficial for diabetics having a high concentration of blood ergothioneine. PMID- 3230382 TI - Calcium oxalate crystalluria, a curiosity or a diagnostical aid? PMID- 3230383 TI - A comparison of drug-related deaths in Oslo, Norway and Aarhus, Denmark. PMID- 3230384 TI - High resolution scanning electron microscopic characterization of organelles in renal and hepatic cells: comparison of two specimen preparation methods. PMID- 3230385 TI - The timing of surgery in acute gallstone pancreatitis. PMID- 3230386 TI - Comprehensive experience of tissue expander applied to the reconstructive surgery. PMID- 3230387 TI - Relationships between oro-facial lesions, mutilations and periodontal status in leprosy patients at Lo-Sheng Sanatorium at Taiwan. PMID- 3230388 TI - [Characteristics of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly]. PMID- 3230389 TI - [Effect of spasmolytic agents on microanastomosis of femoral artery of rats]. PMID- 3230390 TI - [A clinical analysis of gastric ulcer in the aged]. PMID- 3230391 TI - [Mucormycosis--clinical analysis of 12 cases]. PMID- 3230392 TI - Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis: report of a case. PMID- 3230393 TI - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia--report of 3 cases and results of hormone determination in family members]. PMID- 3230394 TI - Endogenous lectin CSL is present on the membrane of cilia of rat brain ependymal cells. AB - An endogenous brain lectin, with a great affinity for oligomannosidic glycans, called CSL (for 'cerebellar soluble lectin'), was detected on the surface of the cilia of ependymal cells both in cultures and in vivo. The lectin is not synthesized by the ependymal cells themselves. In vivo it is neither found in cerebrospinal fluid nor in cells of the choroid plexus. Probably, lectin CSL is produced by subependymal astrocytic cells. The membranes of ependymal cells seem to possess glycoprotein ligands for the lectin which explain the specific adhesion of CSL on the surface of these cells, particularly on the cilia. The localization of this adhesive molecule on cilia of ependymal cells suggests that it may play a role in trapping foreign cells, micro-organisms or debris. PMID- 3230395 TI - Quantitative cytology of ganglion neurons and satellite glial cells in the superior cervical ganglion of the sheep. Relationship with ganglion neuron size. AB - Neurons and glial cells of the superior cervical ganglion of sheep were investigated with morphometric methods in the light and electron microscope. The nerve cell sectional area (measured on nucleated cell profiles) ranged from 165 to 2500 microns2, which corresponds to range in cell diameter from 14 to 56 microns and a range in cell volume from 1600 to 93,000 microns3, i.e. a 60-fold volume difference between smallest and largest neurons. The distribution of cell sizes appeared unimodal, with a predominance of small neurons; there were no variations in different parts of the ganglion. This wide range in nerve cell sizes is discussed in the light of the suggestion that large neurons innervate a greater amount of target tissue (e.g. smooth muscle) and are less readily excitable than smaller neurons: it is thus possible that there is differential recruitment of ganglion neurons in autonomic reflexes. The ultrastructural features of ganglion neurons in the sheep were similar to those observed in small laboratory animals. The relative volumes of perikaryal cytoplasm occupied by mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were 8.5% and 4.8%, respectively, but the average values were the same in small and large neurons. Subsurface cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum were common in the perikaryon, while in the dendrites clusters of synaptic vesicles were found beneath the plasma membrane; the absence of a glial wrapping at the latter sites suggests that they are points of (non synaptic) release of transmitters. The extent of the capsule that satellite cells form around each neurons was compared in size-based classes of neurons. There was no difference in the size of glial nuclei, and this suggests that glial cells are probably of uniform size. However, glial cells were more densely packed over the surface of large neurons than over the surface of small neurons--in fact the packing density was proportional to the ganglion neuron volume, rather than to its surface. The average thickness of the glial capsule was significantly greater around large than around small neurons. It is suggested that the matching of glial cell number and nerve cell volume is achieved during development by glial cell mitosis taking place long after the nerve cells have ceased dividing. PMID- 3230396 TI - Ultrastructure and synaptic relationships of calbindin-reactive, Dogiel type II neurons, in myenteric ganglia of guinea-pig small intestine. AB - Immunoreactivity for calbindin D 28K was localized ultrastructurally in nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres in myenteric ganglia of the guinea-pig small intestine. Reactive cell bodies had a characteristic ultrastructure: the cytoplasm contained many elongate, electron-dense mitochondria, numerous secondary lysosomes that were peripherally located, peripheral stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum and dispersed Golgi apparatus. The cells were generally larger than other myenteric neurons and had mainly smooth outlines. The cytoplasmic features of these neurons were shared by a small group of immunonegative cells, but the majority of negative cells had clearly different ultrastructural appearances. Of 310 cells from 16 ganglia that were systematically examined, 38% were immunoreactive for calbindin, 10% were unreactive but similar in ultrastructure to the calbindin-reactive neurons and 51% were unreactive and dissimilar in the appearance of their cytoplasmic organelles. Immunoreactive varicosities with synaptic specializations were found on most unreactive neurons, but were markedly less frequent on the calbindin immunoreactive cell bodies. Non-reactive presynaptic fibres were also more common on non-reactive neurons than on the calbindin-positive cell bodies. Numerous reactive varicosities, some showing synaptic specializations, were found adjacent to other fibres in the neuropil. Light microscopic studies show calbindin immunoreactive neurons to have Dogiel type-II morphology. Thus the present work links distinguishing ultrastructural features to a specific nerve cell type recognized by light microscopy in the enteric ganglia for the first time. PMID- 3230397 TI - The distribution and movement of organelles in maturing growth cones: correlated video-enhanced and electron microscopic studies. AB - The morphology of growth cones from identified neurons of Aplysia californica was analysed both with video-enhanced contrast differential-interference contrast (VEC-DIC) microscopy, and through serial electron microscopic reconstructions of the same growth cones. The largest structures seen in the living growth cones, the large irregular refractile bodies (LIRBs), were shown in electron micrographs to be unique structures, composed predominantly of dense-core vesicles but including mitochondria and smooth membrane profiles. The LIRBs were stratified in the growth cones, occurring predominantly in sections distant from the substrate and relatively devoid of microtubules. VEC-DIC observations showed that LIRBs formed in the peripheral regions of the organelle-rich central growth cone, and grew in size through fusion with other LIRBs, accumulating into a large central mass in more proximal regions. The distribution of microtubules and LIRBs and the movements of LIRB suggest that there is an overall circulatory pattern in the growth cones, with the delivery of new vesicles occurring at distal areas close to the substrate, and the accumulation and retrograde processing of organelles occurring in more proximal areas away from adhesive contacts. PMID- 3230398 TI - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis of axonal regrowth and myelination in membranes which form over lesion sites in the rat visual system. AB - Glial-connective tissue membranes which form bridges over lesion cavities in the brachial and pretectal region of the rat visual system contain regenerated myelinated and unmyelinated axons. The lesions were made between 10 and 16 days postnatal--a time at which neonatal regeneration would not be expected. A detailed ultrastructural study of these membrane bridges has been undertaken in order to describe the cellular and extracellular conditions that are associated with the regeneration, myelination and continued survival of identified retinal and other axons. The lesion-induced membrane bridges possessed a limiting surface of fibroblasts and were composed of glial cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, pericytes and collagen. There was some variability in the ultrastructural appearance of the glial cells; the majority of criteria indicate that they were astrocytes. These astrocytes formed 'glia limitans'-like surfaces beneath the fibroblasts. They contained numerous filaments and extended fine, electron-dense cytoplasmic processes, often arranged into lamellated stacks. Basal lamina was present on the outer surfaces of the astrocytes. Astrocytic processes isolated clusters of myelinated and unmyelinated axons in lacunae which may have served as conduits for axonal elongation. This suggests a role for these astrocytes in the regeneration and maintenance process which appears to recapitulate events which occur during normal development. Interestingly, regrowing retinal axons were never found adjacent to astrocytic surfaces possessing a basal lamina. We did not detect evidence of Schwann cell invasion into the lesion. By ultrastructural criteria the myelin ensheathment which occurred on the larger axons in the membrane bridge was of central rather than peripheral type. The cytoplasmic domain external to the sheath was limited to a small tongue; no basal lamina invested the fibre; and the periodicity of the myelin was equivalent to that of other CNS structures. Similarly, the CNS character of the myelin was demonstrated by intense immunostaining of myelin sheaths for myelin basic protein and proteolipid [corrected] protein and lack of staining for the PNS component PO. The oligodendrocytes responsible for this myelination may either have extended cytoplasmic processes from the adjacent neuropil, or may have differentiated from precursor cells within the membrane bridge. PMID- 3230400 TI - Paired helical filaments and the cytoplasmic-nuclear interface in Alzheimer's disease. AB - The cytoplasmic-nuclear interface has been investigated by conventional thin sectioning electron microscopy of neurons from frontal lobe biopsies of 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Nine patients were in the early and intermediate stages of the disease and four patients in the advanced stage. Fascicles of paired helical filament-like strands and paired helical filaments appose the nuclear envelope, the nuclear pore complexes and the perinuclear polysomes. Paired helical filament profiles have also been identified in the nucleoplasm. These observations indicate that the cytoplasmic-nuclear interface and, consequently, the relationships between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, might be impaired in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3230399 TI - Transcytosis of protein through the mammalian cerebral epithelium and endothelium. I. Choroid plexus and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. AB - The potential for transcytosis (endocytosis----intracellular transport--- exocytosis) of protein and membrane events associated with fluid phase and adsorptive endocytic processes within epithelia of the choroid plexus [blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier] were investigated in mice injected intravenously or into the lateral cerebral ventricle with native horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or the lectin wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA) conjugated to HRP. WGA binds to specific cell surface oligosaccharides and enters cells by the process of adsorptive endocytosis; native HRP is taken into cells non-specifically by fluid phase endocytosis. The lysosomal system of organelles and the endoplasmic reticulum, identified by enzyme cytochemical markers applied to choroid epithelia, were analysed for possible participation in transcytosis and compared to epithelial organelles harbouring the exogenous tracer proteins. Blood-borne native HRP was endocytosed readily by choroid epithelia whereas WGA-HRP was not, perhaps because WGA-HRP does not escape fenestrated endothelia as easily as native HRP. The blood-borne proteins incorporated within endocytic vesicles by choroid epithelia were directed to endosomes (prelysosomes) and secondary lysosomes (e.g. tubules, multivesicular/dense bodies) for eventual degradation and did not reach the apical/microvillus surface. Both CSF-borne native HRP and WGA-HRP entered choroid epithelia within endocytic vesicles derived from the microvillus border. Native HRP, ultimately sequestered within endosomes and secondary lysosomes, failed to undergo transcytosis through the epithelia into the basolateral clefts. Conversely, CSF-borne WGA-HRP was transported through the epithelia and released into the basolateral clefts within 10 min post-injection. The lectin conjugate labelled epithelial vesicles, endosomes, secondary lysosomes and, at 30 min post-injection, the transmost saccule of the Golgi complex which exhibits acid hydrolase activity. Tubular profiles, related either to the endosome apparatus or to the lysosomal system, and the endoplasmic reticulum did not appear involved in the transcytotic pathway. The data suggest that CSF-borne protein entering the choroid epithelium by adsorptive endocytosis can undergo rapid transcytosis through the cell. The results provide insight to transcytotic pathways utilizing vesicles, the endosomal apparatus, and the Golgi complex within the choroid epithelium for circumventing the blood-CSF barrier. Hypothesized membrane events and morphological associations among constitutents of the endomembrane system within the choroid epithelium are summarized diagrammatically. PMID- 3230401 TI - A morphometric analysis of the somata and organelles of regenerating hypoglossal motoneurons from the rat. AB - A detailed morphometric evaluation of the somata and organelles of regenerating hypoglossal motoneurons from the rat was conducted. The volume of the hypoglossal nucleus and various parameters used to appraise neuronal size were estimated from 50 microns sections. The subcellular composition of randomly selected neurons was quantified from 1 micron and ultrathin sections. The volume of neuronal nuclei, nucleoli, mitochondria and lysosomes as well as the surface area of intracellular membranes were determined. Seven to 30 days following axotomy the volume of the hypoglossal nucleus was significantly diminished, undoubtedly reflecting dendritic retraction (P less than 0.05). Concomitantly, all estimates of neuronal size indicated significant neuronal enlargement (P less than 0.05). Ultrastructural alterations were most prominent 7 days following nerve transection: nucleolar volume was significantly increased, rough endoplasmic reticulum surface area was reduced, and non-Golgi smooth membrane surface area increased (P less than 0.05). In general, other organelles resisted the influence of axotomy and all ultrastructural parameters returned to control levels 21 to 30 days following the nerve transection. Functional recovery was detected in all animals 21 and 30 days following axotomy. The measured responses of axotomized hypoglossal motoneurons are similar to those reported for retinal ganglion cells of the goldfish (Whitnall & Grafstein, 1982, 1983), suggesting common metabolic events among these distinct neuronal populations following axonal transection. PMID- 3230402 TI - An electron microscopic study of the nodose (inferior vagal) ganglion cells in the monkey. AB - The present study described the normal ultrastructure of the monkey nodose ganglion cells. Furthermore, experimental monkeys were subjected to supranodose vagotomy in order to ascertain if the present cell bodies would undergo degeneration following severance of their central processes. In the normal materials, most of the ganglion cells possessed a single neurite. However, occasional cells bearing more than one process in a sectioned profile were observed. The neurites, ranging between 2-4 microns in diameter, displayed a relatively regular contour. Their cytoplasm contained parallel arrays of microtubules, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and slender mitochondria. The electron density of some of these neurites was abnormally high. Embedded in these darkened neurites were a variable number of swollen mitochondria characterized by disrupted cristae. Axon terminals containing round agranular and a few large dense cored vesicles formed synaptic contacts primarily with the neurites of some of the ganglion cells. Three days after superanodose vagotomy, darkened neurites were more commonly observed but their incidence was comparable to that of the normal ganglion in longer survival animals. Another reactive change was the appearance of axon terminals undergoing various degrees of degeneration. There was no evidence of cell death in the duration studied. It was concluded from this study that the occasional darkened neurites from the normal ganglion cells was probably undergoing 'spontaneous degeneration' which appeared to be accentuated when their central process was severed by supranodose vagotomy. The degeneration of axon terminals associated with some of the ganglion cells following the vagotomy suggested that they were derived from vagal descending fibres which were undergoing anterograde degeneration. The presence of synapses on some of the ganglion cells was also discussed and the possibility considered that the latter may represent 'aberrant' or displaced autonomic neurons. PMID- 3230403 TI - Localization of GABA and glycine in goldfish retina by electron microscopic postembedding immunocytochemistry: improved visualization of synaptic structures with LR white resin. AB - A post-embedding, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry technique, modified from existing protocols, was used to examine the labelling patterns of GABA immunoreactivity and glycine immunoreactivity in goldfish retina. Retinae were fixed in mixed aldehyde solution, dehydrated in ethanol, stained en bloc with uranyl acetate and phosphotungstic acid and embedded in LR White resin. Substances were localized in thin sections by floating grids first on a drop of primary antiserum and then on a colloidal gold-IgG conjugate. Finally, grids were exposed to osmium vapour. The localization of GABA immunoreactivity matched that of [3H]-GABA uptake or glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity as described previously. In the outer retina, GABA immunoreactivity was found in the cell bodies and axon terminals of H1 horizontal cells and their dendrites opposite cone photoreceptor terminals. Selected amacrine cell bodies were labelled, as were many processes, both synaptic and non-synaptic, throughout the inner plexiform layer, including most amacrine cell processes contacting the synaptic terminals of type Mb bipolar cells. Numerous amacrine cells, their processes in the inner and outer plexiform layers, and photoreceptor terminals contained glycine immunoreactivity in a distribution similar to that shown by [3H]-glycine uptake. Despite the absence of osmium in the primary or secondary fixative, our protocol results in excellent visibility of synaptic structures and detectability of the colloidal gold immunolabel. Also, it does not cause extraction of the HRP/DAB reaction product and is therefore suitable for double-label analysis of neurons labelled with horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 3230404 TI - Origins of manganese in air particulates in California. PMID- 3230405 TI - Hazardous waste minimization: Part VII (B). Hazardous waste minimization within the Department of Defense. PMID- 3230406 TI - Today's medicine--chance and opportunity for primary health care. PMID- 3230407 TI - Clinical usefulness of creatine kinase BB determination by a RIA method in serum of patients with cerebrovascular accidents. PMID- 3230408 TI - Incidence of hypothyroidism more than twenty years after therapy in hyperthyroid patients treated with radioactive iodine. PMID- 3230409 TI - Stability studies of 99m technetium labeled radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 3230410 TI - In vivo distribution of 54Mn-hematoporphyrin derivative in tumor bearing mice. PMID- 3230411 TI - Recovery of pulmonary perfusion in pulmonary embolism complicated with infarction. PMID- 3230412 TI - Determinants of left ventricular filling in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. An Echo-Doppler study. PMID- 3230413 TI - Does the in vitro testing of the immunoreactivity of an antibody reflect its in vivo behavior? PMID- 3230414 TI - A surface durable and strongly bonded phosphor viewing screen for T.E.M. AB - A simple procedure is described for the preparation of a totally inorganic, durable, strongly bonded, and non-shrinking phosphor viewing screen. The procedure requires no special apparatus or skills in order to prepare a fairly uniform high resolution screen in only about 0.5 hours plus drying time. The screens are suitable for use on an automatic exposure system where mechanical shock can destroy a screen. PMID- 3230415 TI - Effect of graded doses of erythorbic acid on activities of drug metabolic enzyme and phosphatases in guinea pigs. AB - The enzyme activities which depended on the ascorbic acid (AsA) tissue levels were assayed to investigate the effect of erythorbic acid (ErA) administration on the AsA availability in the guinea pigs administered 5 mg of AsA/day or 1 mg of AsA/day. The guinea pigs were given 5 mg of AsA and 1, 5, 20, 100 mg of ErA/day, or 1 mg of AsA and 1 or 20 mg of ErA/day for 16 days. The animals were sacrificed, blood was collected, and their livers were removed. The activities of liver aniline hydroxylase, liver acid phosphatase, and serum alkaline phosphatase, as well as the liver cytochrome P-450 content were measured. These enzyme activities and the liver cytochrome P-450 content of animals administered 5 mg of AsA seemed to show no change regardless of ErA supplement. Animals administered 1 mg of AsA showed different activities of liver aniline hydroxylase and liver acid phosphatase compared with those of animals administered 5 mg of AsA; however, the enzyme activities in animals administered 20 mg of ErA together with 1 mg of AsA were similar to those of the animals administered only 5 mg of AsA. These results indicated that ErA administration had no effect on the enzyme activities and the liver cytochrome P-450 content in the 5 mg AsA-supplemented animals, but administration of 20 mg of ErA was effective to maintain at normal levels the activities of liver aniline hydroxylase and liver acid phosphatase in the 1 mg AsA-supplemented animals. PMID- 3230416 TI - Effects of alpha-tocopherol-nicotinate administration on the microdynamics of phospholipids of erythrocyte membranes in human subjects. AB - The effects of alpha-tocopherol-nicotinate on the microdynamic parameters, membrane viscosity, and wobbling angle of phospholipid molecules of healthy human erythrocyte membranes were studied with a nanosecond time-resolved fluorometer. The incorporation of alpha-tocopherol was achieved by oral administration of alpha-tocopherol-nicotinate for one month with dosage of 400 mg/day. The increase in alpha-tocopherol concentration in erythrocytes was confirmed in two subjects. The membrane viscosity in seven healthy subjects decreased significantly from 1.015 +/- 0.137 to 0.888 +/- 0.133 mPa.s. But no changes in the wobbling angle of phospholipid molecules were observed. PMID- 3230417 TI - Utilization and requirement of dietary protein taking into account the dermal and miscellaneous nitrogen losses in Japanese women. AB - Utilization and requirement of mixed protein in the conventional Japanese diet and the obligatory integumental and miscellaneous nitrogen losses were measured in female subjects. Twelve female students aged 18 to 24 years were given conventional low-protein diets at N intake levels of 50, 70, and 90 mg/kg/day for 10 days. Constituents of the diets corresponded to those of average intake of the Japanese in recent years (1982). N balances were estimated and regression equations between N intake (X) and N balance (Y) were calculated by the multiple level-constant variation method. The equation was Y = 0.426X - 40.0 (n = 36, r = 0.615, p less than 0.01) and the intersection of the regression line with zero nitrogen balance was 93.9 +/- 14.3 mg N/kg/day. The mean digestibility was 92.2 +/- 4.7%. In another experimental group, nitrogen losses due to hair, nails, and menstruation in ten Japanese women were 0.624 +/- 0.172, 0.020 +/- 0.005, and 1.76 +/- 0.68 mg/kg/day, respectively. In a third experimental group, mean of the integumental N losses was 2.8 mg/kg/day in both the subjects given a low-protein diet (19 women) and an ordinary-protein diet (4 women). It increased to 12.7 mg N/kg/day when subjects exercised in summer (4 subjects). The protein requirement in the conventional Japanese diet estimated as the sum of the mean requirement of dietary protein and obligatory dermal and miscellaneous nitrogen losses in Japanese women was 99.1 mg N/kg/day or 0.62 g protein/kg/day. The net protein utilization (NPU) of the proteins at the N intake level for N equilibrium was estimated as 48. PMID- 3230418 TI - Long-term effect of energy restriction at different protein levels on several parameters of nutritional assessment. AB - Experiments were conducted to evaluate long-term effects of energy restricted diets containing different protein levels initiated in adult life on various parameters of nutritional assessment. Rats (male SPF Wistar) were fed 20%-casein diet ad libitum, or 10%-, 20%-, or 40%-casein diets (group 10R, 20R, and 40R, respectively) under energy-restricted conditions, which corresponded to about 60% ad libitum feeding, from 18 to 55 weeks of age. Energy restriction induced a decrease of body-lipid percentage. Although skeleton weight and tail length increased throughout the experimental period in all the groups, these increases were found to be depressed under energy restriction. On the other hand, protein intake level under the energy restriction did influence plasma concentrations of urea and cholesterol, hematocrit, and systolic blood pressure. The group fed the 40%-casein diet tended to be lower in total cholesterol levels at 55 weeks of age, while the group fed 10%-casein diet tended to be lower in hematocrit and higher in systolic blood pressure levels. When mature rats were fed the 60% energy-restricted diet for a long-term period, those on the 20%- and 40%-casein diets showed somewhat more preferable levels of hematocrit and blood pressure than those on the 10%-casein diet; the 10%-casein diet did not, however, reveal symptoms of malnutrition. PMID- 3230419 TI - tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced hemolysis of alpha-tocopherol-decreased erythrocytes from selenium-deficient and selenium-adequate rats. AB - The protective function of alpha-tocopherol, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) from tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)-induced hemolysis was studied with the erythrocytes from male Wistar rats fed selenium (Se)-adequate or -deficient diet for 3 months. By the preincubation with a water-soluble radical initiator, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), at 10 mM for 6 h at 37 degrees C, alpha-tocopherol levels of the erythrocytes were decreased to 40% of the original level, that is, to the level insufficient for supporting the normal functions of the erythrocytes. With the Se-deficient cells, the hemolysis proceeded rapidly irrespective of the presence or absence of GSH in the incubation medium, and irrespective of the presence or absence of AAPH in the preincubation medium. Contrarily, GSH suppressed the hemolysis of Se-adequate cells which were preincubated with and without AAPH. These results are consistent with the notion that Se serves as the prime, important defense mechanism in the t BuOOH-induced hemolysis through the activity of GSH-Px. Either alpha-tocopherol or GSH by itself, or both by themselves, may not play so significant a role as Se does in suppressing the hemolysis. PMID- 3230420 TI - Deterioration of membrane morphology, phospholipids, and cytoskeletal protein in rat erythrocytes exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide: protection by exogenous glutathione fails in selenium deficiency. AB - Here we report scanning electron microscopy, phospholipid and fatty acid composition and cytoskeleton proteins of erythrocytes from Se-adequate and Se deficient rats, showing protection by glutathione (GSH) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes from Se-adequate, but not from Se-deficient rats. Without exogenous GSH, erythrocytes incubated with t BuOOH exhibited remarkable deterioration of cell membranes with diminished membrane phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, -serine, and -inositol and selective loss of a cytoskeletal protein, ankyrin 2-1. Without exogenous GSH these changes occurred in erythrocytes from both Se-deficient and Se-adequate rats. Dietary Se, through provision of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in erythrocytes as a probable scavenger of t-BuOOH, protects against hemolysis when GSH is available. PMID- 3230422 TI - Occupational medicine forum. PMID- 3230421 TI - Free radical-mediated damage of blood and its inhibition by antioxidants. PMID- 3230423 TI - Passive smoking and pregnancy. PMID- 3230424 TI - Contamination from photocopiers. PMID- 3230425 TI - Career options of occupational physicians. AB - Tabulations of 20 years of advertisements from the Journal of Occupational Medicine reflect shifts in the career options of occupational physicians. Advertised opportunities have increased modestly from 1968 through 1987. The largest sector increases come from community hospital-based clinics, academic faculty positions, free-standing industrial practice, and especially from within multispecialty group practices. Opportunities in industry show the opposite trend; these comprised about 70% of advertised positions in the late 1960s through the mid-1970s, but have since decreased steadily as a percent of the total and in absolute terms. Advertised searches for occupational physicians are more diversified than in the past, reflecting growth in settings other than within industry. PMID- 3230427 TI - Soft tissue sarcoma risk in Swedish licensed pesticide applicators. AB - Two Swedish studies have suggested that exposure to phenoxy acid herbicides may cause soft tissue sarcoma. This association has been subsequently investigated in a number of epidemiologic studies. Results are inconsistent. In this study the risk of soft tissue sarcoma in a cohort of 20,245 Swedish pesticide applicators, of whom 72% were estimated to have been exposed to phenoxy acid herbicides, was analyzed. The cohort was observed by means of the Swedish Cancer Register from date of license until Dec 31, 1984, or until death if it occurred prior to that date. The mean follow-up time was 13.9 years. Seven patients with soft tissue sarcoma were observed compared with 7.7 expected on the basis of the incidence in Sweden. The relative risk was found to be 0.9 (95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 1.9). This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that exposure of phenoxy acid herbicides does not increase risk of soft tissue sarcoma. PMID- 3230426 TI - Liver structure and function in print workers exposed to toluene. AB - An unresolved controversy is whether exposure to organic solvents in the workplace causes hepatotoxicity. From a medical surveillance study of 289 printing factory employees who were exposed primarily to toluene, we identified eight workers who had persistently abnormal serum transaminase and/or alkaline phosphatase values. The eight men were generally healthy and gave no history of taking medications or of drinking ethanol to excess. None was obese or diabetic. Six patients had hepatomegaly based on physical examination. All eight had mild elevations (less than 2 to 3 times the upper value of normal) of serum transaminases [alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)]. However, there was a marked increase in the ratio of ALT/AST (mean = 1.61). In each case, liver biopsy revealed mild, pericentral fatty change. Our results, consistent with those previously published by some others, suggest that pericentral fatty liver with mild "reactive hepatitis" is the most likely diagnosis in workers exposed to solvents for whom common causes of mild liver test abnormalities have been excluded. An increased ALT/AST ratio may represent a convenient, previously unrecognized indicator of this condition. PMID- 3230428 TI - Immunization status of entering housestaff physicians. PMID- 3230429 TI - National Cholesterol Education Program: report of the expert panel on the detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. PMID- 3230430 TI - On the potential for spurious associations in epidemiologic studies. PMID- 3230431 TI - Effects of episodic air hammer usage on digital artery hemodynamics of foundry workers with vibration white finger disease. AB - Blood flow was measured in the proper radial digital arteries of 20 subjects, 11 of whom were experienced pneumatic chipping hammer operators with varying degrees of vibration white finger (VWF). Flow was measured noninvasively and transcutaneously using a 20-MHz pulsed ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter (PUDVM), both in the resting state and after performing a supervised 20-minute chipping sequence. Approximately equivalent pre-chipping flow rates were present in six chippers with severe VWF, in the remaining five chippers without severe VWF, and in nine age-matched chipping novices. However, the digital artery flow rates of the severe VWF group increased substantially (to about three times the resting level) after the chipping episode, whereas the flow rates of the novices and the non-VWF chippers did not change appreciably. The VWF blood flow increases were accompanied by an 11% heart rate increase, by a 60% increase in lumen cross sectional area at the PUDVM scan site, and by a very substantial reduction in downstream resistance (a 90% increase in temporospatial mean velocity). PMID- 3230432 TI - Management roles for physicians: training residents for the reality. AB - The University of Arizona has incorporated administrative training into general preventive medicine residency and occupational medicine residency training programs to provide preparation at the most appropriate time for future management roles for physicians. Training parallels future specialty choices and focuses on computer skills, fiscal control, budgeting, personnel management, political or regulatory process, program development, and planning and organization. Throughout the 2-year training period, residents are in a position to acquire management skills through course work, selected rotations, special projects, and a concentrated 1-month rotation in administration. Practical application is exercised in management settings within the department and in the community. A longitudinal training approach is advocated for similar programs and for other specialties to ensure successful management of health care with physicians as an integral component. PMID- 3230433 TI - Counting recognized occupational deaths in the United States. AB - The number of recognized occupational fatalities in the United States counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Annual Survey, the most widely known source, is grossly underreported. For 1984, the BLS reported 3,740 occupational deaths, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health reported 6,258, and the National Safety Council estimated 11,500. We analyzed the 1984 BLS survey counts for 26 states, by comparing them to death certificate data for trauma, and to reported deaths to workers compensation. The BLS survey, based on self-reporting by employers, showed underreporting in almost all states, which in some cases was severe. Fatalities in small firms employing less than 11 workers were particularly underrepresented. The low BLS total is not explained by a smaller number of workers covered in the survey than in the other published figures. By using existing data sources, we estimate the minimum number of recognized occupational deaths in the United States in 1984 at 7,771. Adjusting the number from death certificates for underreporting gives an estimate of 8,234 from trauma. When corrected for underreporting, death certificate data should be a better basis for counting occupational deaths than the BLS survey. PMID- 3230434 TI - Surgery: a radical approach to severe hydrofluoric acid burns. A case report. AB - Generally, chemical burns of the skin, both acid and caustic, are best treated initially by irrigating with copious amounts of water. Subsequently the burn is managed as one would treat a thermal burn. An exception may exist when skin burn is caused by hydrofluoric acid (HF), especially in its anhydrous form. HF is a commonly used catalyst in the petrochemical industry. The following report concerns a life-threatening burn from anhydrous HF. PMID- 3230435 TI - Organic brain syndrome and long-term exposure to toluene: a clinical, psychiatric study of vocationally active printing workers. AB - This study addresses the prevalence of organic brain syndrome (OBS) among long term toluene-exposed rotagravure workers who are still working. The prevalence of OBS in 22 workers exposed to toluene for a minimum of 12 years and 19 unexposed control subjects, matched for age and employment status, was assessed with a comprehensive clinical psychiatric interview. There was a significantly greater prevalence of mild chronic encephalopathy and organic affective syndrome in the toluene-exposed group. PMID- 3230436 TI - A prospective study of mortality and morbidity among carpenters in the Honolulu Heart Program Cohort. AB - The relationship of occupation as a carpenter to the development of definite coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer and total mortality was examined in men of Japanese ancestry participating in the Honolulu Heart Program. After 18 years of follow-up those men who indicated that their present and usual occupation was carpentry had a significantly lower age-adjusted rate of definite coronary heart disease and a significantly lower mortality rate compared to participants who were never occupied as carpenters. There were no significant differences for age adjusted rates for stroke and cancer nor any differences for those whose usual occupation was carpentry but present occupation was not carpentry. These results were unchanged when controlling for several cardiovascular risk factors and potentially confounding variables. Unlike earlier observations, these findings are not affected by the "healthy worker bias" and support the relationship that carpentry is associated with lower rates of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3230437 TI - Occupational motor vehicle injury morbidity among municipal employees. AB - Injury related to motor vehicle use among Baltimore City employees was examined throughout a 34-month period. Among an average of 30,000 municipal employees; representing 7% of the total Baltimore work force, almost 2% of all city employees were injured by motor vehicles each year. Twelve percent of all injuries and 16% of the injury costs were attributable to motor vehicles. In the police department, 43% of all costs were vehicle-related. Compared with other departments, the rate of motor vehicle-related injury was more than 4 times as high in the department of public works and twice as high in the police and fire departments. Injuries related to police cars and department of public works trucks occurred at an annual rate of more than 14 per 100 vehicles. Detailed review of injuries that occurred in 1984 suggests the need for greater seat belt use, built-in crash protection, and designs to reduce falls from trucks. PMID- 3230438 TI - Pneumoconiosis in carbon electrode workers. AB - Pneumoconiosis was diagnosed in five workers involved in the manufacture of carbon electrodes. Possible etiologies are discussed. It is generally believed that pneumoconiosis ceased to be a problem in this industry after World War II; however, the reported cases all resulted from exposures after 1940. These findings question the efficacy of recent and current engineering controls and suggest the need for further study of this industry. PMID- 3230439 TI - Primary torsion of the omentum in a jackhammer operator: another vibration related injury. AB - Reported injuries from vibrating tools include vibration syndrome, arthropathies, pneumomediastinum, and rupture of the sigmoid colon. The use of jackhammers in particular is associated with these injuries. The authors have identified a construction worker who suffered torsion of the omentum as a result of using a 42.75-kg (95 lb) jackhammer. His clinical presentation of right upper-quadrant pain and fever was confused with acute cholecystitis, and it was not until laparotomy that the correct diagnosis was made. This diagnosis should be suspected in workers who experience acute abdominal pain and are exposed to vibration or repetitive blunt abdominal trauma. PMID- 3230441 TI - Can in-plant exercise control musculoskeletal symptoms? AB - After 1 year of an on-job exercise program to control musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and upper limb, there were no statistically significant differences in localized postural discomfort scores or in the proportion of those whose discomfort decreased based on exercise participation. Although no clear reduction in discomfort was achieved by the exercise program alone, at least 67% of respondents who participated in the exercise program reported that the program made them feel better. PMID- 3230440 TI - Reanalysis of lung cancer mortality in a National Cancer Institute study on mortality among industrial workers exposed to formaldehyde. AB - The results of an historical cohort study of mortality among individuals occupationally exposed to formaldehyde were announced in 1986 by Blair et al (JNCI 1986; 76:1071-1084). The study was a joint undertaking of the National Cancer Institute and the Formaldehyde Institute, and concluded, ". . .this large multiplant cohort study provided little evidence to suggest that formaldehyde exposure affected the mortality experience of these industrial workers." However, there were concerns by a number of workers that the design and analysis of the study had possibly masked an existing occupational hazard. Analyzing time integrated exposure to formaldehyde without simultaneously considering length of exposure and comparing mortality of formaldehyde workers to mortality of the general population could have masked an increase in cancer risks because of the healthy worker effect. A copy of the data of the study was obtained from the principal investigator and reanalyzed. We find a significantly increased risk for all cancers and for lung cancer as a function of cumulative exposure when workers with higher levels of exposure are compared with those with little or no exposure while simultaneously considering length of exposure. When the risk ratio (RR) for lung cancer at less than or equal to 0.1 ppm cumulative exposure (CX) is taken as 1.0, the lung cancer RR for CX of 0.1 to 0.5 ppm is 1.41 (1.20 to 1.66), the RR for CX of 0.5 to 2.0 ppm is 1.73 (1.42 to 2.11), and the RR for CX greater than or equal to 2.0 is 1.70 (1.32 to 2.18). Hourly workers have a significantly higher RR than salaried workers (RR = 1.58).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230442 TI - Current and future needs for occupational medicine physicians in nonindustrial settings: a survey of multispecialty group medical practices and health maintenance organizations. AB - The provision of occupational health services by multispecialty group medical practices and health maintenance organizations has received relatively little attention to date. To address this issue, a mail questionnaire survey of a random sample of these organizations around the country was conducted. Particular attention was focused on the current use of and future need for occupational medicine physicians and occupational health nurses in these settings. Results from the sample respondents indicate that these sites are playing a significant and increasing role in the provision of occupational health services with a projected approximate three-fold increase in the number of positions for occupational health professionals in these settings over the next decade. Assuming that these results are reflective of the situation nationwide, it is unlikely that the demand for these professionals will be met by current levels of graduate training. PMID- 3230444 TI - Epidemiologic study of workers exposed to titanium dioxide. AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether workers exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO2) had significantly higher risks of lung cancer, chronic respiratory disease, pleural thickening/plaques, or pulmonary fibrosis than referent groups. A total of 1,576 employees exposed to TiO2 were observed from 1956 through 1985 for cancer and chronic respiratory disease incidence, and from 1935 through 1983 for mortality. A cross-sectional sample of 398 employees was evaluated for chest roentgenogram abnormalities. Cohort analyses suggested that the risks of developing lung cancer and other fatal respiratory diseases were no higher for TiO2-exposed employees than for the referent groups. Nested case-control analyses found no statistically significant associations between TiO2 exposure and risk of lung cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and chest roentgenogram abnormalities. No cases of pulmonary fibrosis were observed among TiO2-exposed employees. PMID- 3230443 TI - Occupational risk factors and Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study. AB - A case-control study was conducted to assess occupational exposure to organic solvents and lead as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. All case subjects were diagnosed at a Veterans Administration Hospital in Bedford, Massachusetts. Control subjects were selected from Massachusetts voter registration lists and matched by sex, year of birth, and town of residence. Information on occupational history was assessed by mailed questionnaire sent to the spouse or next of kin of the study subject. A total of 98 case and 162 control subjects were included in the matched analysis. No apparent association of increased risk of Alzheimer's disease was observed for ever having occupational exposure to organic solvents or lead. PMID- 3230445 TI - Utility of occupational blood pressure screening for the detection of potential hypertension. AB - A potential limiting factor in the detection and control of hypertension has been the assumption that a routine periodic sphygmomanometric blood pressure recording is characteristic of usual blood pressure throughout the activities of daily living. The relationship between routine periodic clinic blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure was investigated in employed workers. Ambulatory readings were obtained at regular intervals using an automatic self-inflating and recording sphygmomanometer at home and at work. Mean ambulatory systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly higher than clinic pressures, both at home and at work, and in every position except reclining. Eleven of the 113 employees considered normotensive from clinic screening had an average of 46% of their diastolic ambulatory readings greater than or equal to 90. These persons may be considered functionally hypertensive. The authors suggest the need to focus attention on those persons with high-normal clinic blood pressures discovered in workplace screening. PMID- 3230446 TI - Participation in a periodic physical examination program and group health care utilization and costs. AB - The authors identified 710 male employees of a multinational US corporation eligible to take periodic physical examinations for a consecutive 3-year period (1983 to 1985) and insured by one of the company's health insurers. Group health insurance claims rates and costs for the calendar year 1985 were studied among executives who did not take an examination during the study period, those who took it once or twice, and those who took it all 3 years. Health care utilization for those who did not participate in the program was significantly lower than both groups of participants. Average claim costs in 1985 among those who participated all 3 years ($1,039) was 1.77 times the cost of those who participated one or two times ($588) and 2.30 times the cost of those who did not participate ($452). We conclude that short-term health care utilization and costs are higher among participants than non-participants of a periodic physical examination program. PMID- 3230447 TI - Follow-up study of pulmonary function and respiratory tract symptoms in workers in a Swedish iron ore mine. AB - In 1967, 240 workers in the Kiruna, Sweden, mine were examined with regard to lung function and respiratory symptoms. Seventeen years later, 167 of these workers were reexamined using a structured interview which covered respiratory symptoms, smoking habits, and workplace, and lung function tests, including dynamic spirometry and closing volume. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis in the present study was 9.6%. There was a strong relationship between chronic bronchitis and smoking but no relationship between chronic bronchitis and working underground in the mine. Only three persons had chronic obstructive lung disease. In the still active mine workers, dynamic spirometry results showed no difference between smokers or nonsmokers or between underground and surface workers. Thus, we found no excess of chronic obstructive lung disease or lung function disturbances in the mine workers studied. This probably reflects a self-selection process whereby the workers with airway obstruction due to smoking or underground exposure have left underground work and also the company. Underground workers with chronic mucous hypersecretion, on the other hand, have not felt motivated, because of this, to leave underground work. Some, however, may have stopped smoking but not necessarily because of the hypersecretion. PMID- 3230448 TI - An epidemiologic study of respiratory health effects in a group of North Carolina furniture workers. AB - Woodworking is known to be associated with nasal cancer and with western red cedar asthma, but research is inconsistent with regard to respiratory health effects among furniture workers. The authors tested the hypotheses that employment in a North Carolina hardwood furniture plant was related to the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and to impairment of pulmonary function. Chronic symptom prevalence generally showed no significant differences between wood dust jobs and control exposures; however, frequent sneezing and eye irritation were significantly (P less than .05) correlated with wood dust exposed jobs; in both cases the prevalence odds ratio was 4.0. Peak flow was the only pulmonary function measure that correlated significantly (P = .0345) with wood dust employment. The difference in forced vital capacity suggested a weak association with current employment in finishing jobs, whereas the difference in peak flow showed a modest correlation with the fraction of particulate less than 10 microns. The relevance of the present associations to regulatory changes and research needs is discussed. PMID- 3230449 TI - Overuse syndrome and its differential diagnosis. AB - In general, tender structures are usually absent in the conditions imitated by overuse syndrome; swelling over overused structure is minor rather than major and it should be possible to reconcile the areas of perceived pain with tender structures. When obvious questions of primary and secondary gain are present, one's clinical skills may be stretched to the limit. PMID- 3230450 TI - Modernization and occupational cancer. PMID- 3230451 TI - Effects of labor force participation on women's health: new evidence from a longitudinal study. AB - Effects of labor force participation on women's health are evaluated in analyses of longitudinal data for a national sample of older middle-aged women. Our findings indicate that labor force participation had beneficial effects on health for unmarried women and for married black women, but, on the average, labor force participation had no significant effect on health for married white women. Analyses by occupational category suggest that labor force participation had beneficial effects on health for some blue collar married women, but, on the average, labor force participation had harmful effects on health for white collar married women. Our findings, taken together with previous evidence, suggest that employment may increase social support, and job-related social support may have particularly beneficial effects on health for unmarried women and for married women whose husbands are not emotionally supportive confidants. Additional results from this study showed no significant difference in the health effects of part-time and full-time employment. PMID- 3230452 TI - Acute occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents. AB - Antineoplastic agents may exhibit effects not only in patients therapeutically exposed, but also in health workers who prepare and administer these drugs. Concern to date has focused on long-term health consequences, including adverse reproductive outcomes, altered immunity, and increased cancer risk. The burgeoning use of these drugs for non-malignant illnesses has enlarged the health worker population at risk beyond oncology personnel to include professionals in immunology, rheumatology, nephrology, and dermatology. We report here two cases of hospital workers who experienced acute adverse health effects resulting from occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs. We believe such acute events are under-reported, and that they demonstrate the need for physician awareness regarding their management. PMID- 3230453 TI - Mortality among employees of a nuclear power company. PMID- 3230454 TI - Ethics of mandatory masturbation. PMID- 3230455 TI - The triage decision in pulmonary edema. AB - The authors studied the clinical courses of 216 prospectively selected patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema presenting to an emergency ward (EW) to identify which patients should be triaged to the intensive care unit (ICU). The first four hours were considered the EW or pre-triage phase of hospitalization. During the EW phase, 108 patients remained stable; 33 of them developed cardiopulmonary complications over the next two days. Logistic regression identified four significant independent features that distinguished these 33 patients from the remaining patients: four-hour diuresis less than 1L, history of prior pulmonary edema, T-wave abnormalities, and jugular venous distention. A model containing the four variables predicted hospital complications with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 65%. In comparison, the sensitivity of physicians in admitting to the ICU patients who would go on to have complications was 70%, with a specificity of 63%. In a model containing a term for the physicians' actual triage decision, all four independent predictors remained significant, producing an overall sensitivity of 81% and an overall specificity of 69%. PMID- 3230456 TI - Discomfort and disability in upper respiratory tract infection. AB - Ambulatory patients with upper respiratory infection were studied to determine the relative contributions made by tissue pathology, psychologic and perceptual attributes, and demographic characteristics to reported discomfort and disability. Patients (n = 115) attending a medical walk-in clinic completed self report questionnaires to assess somatization, anxiety, depression, hostility, amplification, discomfort, disability, and demographic characteristics. Clinicians rated the extent of disease apparent on physical examination. Using stepwise multiple regression, demographic factors and physical findings explained 25% of the variance in reported discomfort. The addition of somatization scores increased the variance explained to 49%. The best model, including somatization and amplification, accounted for 54% of the variance. A model composed of demographic characteristics, physical findings, and somatization accounted for 25% of the variance in reported disability. The authors conclude that psychologic variables are important in the experience of discomfort, even after the extent of physical disease and demographic characteristics have been taken into account. PMID- 3230457 TI - Accidental hypothermia in the sunbelt. AB - Hypothermia in colder climates in the United States occurs predominately as a result of exposure of alcoholics to cold outdoor temperatures. Among 24 cases of accidental hypothermia occurring at a university medical center in the deep South, differences in clinical presentation were identified. In contrast to experience in colder climates, 17/22 cases (76%) developed at home. Alcohol was a factor in only 8/24 (33%). The elderly were at greatest risk, accounting for 16/24 patients (65%). Factors suggested to account for the high incidence of hypothermia in the elderly include abnormal temperature perception or regulation, intercurrent illness, social isolation, inadequate housing, and poverty. Coexisting medical conditions were identified as a potential cause of hypothermia in only 10/24 of these patients (42%). Social isolation was not a strong predictor, with 6/17 of the elderly (35%) living alone. Death occurred in 9/24 patients (37%), but survival could not be predicted from admission temperature, hypotension, anemia, or serum glucose. Since extreme cold temperatures are infrequent in the deep South, identified differences in demographics may be due to inadequate housing or lack of preparation for cold weather dangers. PMID- 3230458 TI - Health risk appraisal modifies cigarette smoking behavior among college students. AB - To assess whether Health Risk Appraisal (HRA), a computer-scored lifestyle analysis questionnaire, can result in significant changes in health behavior, a controlled clinical trial with one-year follow-up was conducted among entering freshmen at an urban state university. Three hundred fifty entering freshmen were each assigned to one of four groups: HRA with feedback, HRA without feedback, initial control, and final control. Twenty-two per cent of the nonsmokers in the no-feedback group, as compared with 5% in the feedback group, acquired the habit of cigarette smoking (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, 26% of the smokers in the feedback group, as compared with 6% in the no-feedback group, were able to quit smoking (p less than 0.05). Among those unable to quit smoking, 59% in the feedback group, as compared with 19% in the no-feedback group, were able to reduce their cigarette consumption by more than six cigarettes per day (p less than 0.01). Health Risk Appraisal, when accompanied by feedback counseling, was an effective health promotion tool to help prevent nonsmokers from acquiring the habit and to modify cigarette smoking behavior among college freshmen. PMID- 3230460 TI - Though Sydenham fled the plague. PMID- 3230459 TI - Should physicians perform their own quality assurance audits? AB - Quality assurance is required of all hospital outpatient clinics although there is little evidence documenting its value. The purposes of this study were to assess the impact of quality assurance audits on physicians' ordering behavior and to learn whether doctors who actually performed audits behaved differently from physicians who passively received audit results. Baseline influenza vaccination and screening mammography ordering rates were established for the authors' residents' clinic in 1985. In 1986, residents were assigned randomly to three groups. Residents in one group audited their own charts for 1985 influenza vaccination ordering; the second group audited its own charts for 1985 screening mammography ordering; and the third group performed no audit but received the other groups' results. Passive receipt of results improved ordering of vaccination from 40% to 59% and ordering of mammography from 8% to 16%. Actual performance of audits improved ordering of mammography from 16% to 26% but did not improve vaccination ordering. These quality assurance audits were effective in improving the performance of selected preventive health measures in a residents' clinic. PMID- 3230461 TI - Thoughts on the role of the generalist in medicine, circa 1988. PMID- 3230462 TI - Subspecialty consultations in internal medicine: uses, misuses, and abuses. PMID- 3230463 TI - Problems in consultation medicine: why they occur and what can be done about them. PMID- 3230464 TI - Maternal medicine: the internist and the pregnant patient. PMID- 3230465 TI - Writing an abstract. PMID- 3230466 TI - Mitral valve prolapse--from a normal variant to a pathologic entity. PMID- 3230467 TI - Second skill educational development of personnel for a single-room maternity care system. AB - A modified cross-training approach was used to train nurses for a single-room maternity care unit. This cross-training program included development of a skills list for the labor/delivery and nursery/postpartum areas and an instruction program including formal lectures, independent study, and clinical experience. The clinical part of the program was a preceptor-based experience. The results of this program indicated that competency-based skills and objective selection criteria are mandatory for a successful cross-training program. PMID- 3230468 TI - Conceptual models and theory development. AB - The influence of conceptual models on theory development efforts stemming from NAACOG research priorities is discussed. Examples are given to illustrate the guidelines for theory development provided by seven conceptual models of nursing. In addition, a conceptual-theoretical-empirical structure for use in developing and testing theories and identifying tools for data collection is described. PMID- 3230469 TI - Psychological status of previously infertile couples after a successful pregnancy. AB - Potential long-term effects of psychological dysfunction associated with infertility were investigated in a descriptive study of 32 previously infertile couples. Comparison was made with the performance of 20 never infertile couples matched for age, number of children, education, and income level, using a standard psychological assessment tool, the Hopkins symptom check list. While infertile, women had slightly elevated mean scores on three subscales: depression, interpersonal sensitivity, and hostility. After resolution of infertility, these scores did not improve. In addition, depression scores were elevated among the previously infertile women compared with a matched, never infertile group. Infertile men scored within the normal range for depression and interpersonal sensitivity and had a borderline mean score for hostility, which was markedly reduced after a normal pregnancy. PMID- 3230470 TI - Nursing diagnoses for the postpartum woman. AB - A descriptive, correlational study was undertaken to identify nursing diagnoses selected by mothers during the first 72 hours after birth. The convenience sample of 231 women completed questionnaires listing 34 diagnoses. On average, each mother selected nine diagnoses of concern to her since the birth. Alteration in comfort, potential for growth, alteration in body fluids, impaired mobility, and sleep pattern disturbance were the most frequently selected diagnoses. Only 34.5% of the mothers identified knowledge deficit as a concern. Parity, type of delivery, and length of postpartum time influenced the diagnoses selected. The data suggest modifications in the focus of hospital-based, postpartum nursing care. PMID- 3230471 TI - Practices and policies in the initiation of breastfeeding. AB - Despite increasing knowledge about factors affecting the initiation of breastfeeding, many mothers still encounter problems and discontinue breastfeeding earlier than desired. Many hospitals still have not implemented the practices that are known to be helpful in the establishment of breastfeeding. As a result, a study was conducted to examine the policies and practices affecting breastfeeding in hospitals in Alberta, Canada. A questionnaire-based survey of all Alberta hospitals (including directors of nursing and staff nurses) found that many practices were still relatively inflexible; did not always reflect accurate, research-based information; and were not geared to the needs of mothers and infants. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3230472 TI - Pharmacological effects of urapidil on bronchospasm, myocardial hypoxia and postural hypotension in experimental animals. AB - We studied the effects of urapidil on bronchospasm, myocardial hypoxia and postural hypotension in experimental animals. Urapidil dose-dependently inhibited bronchospasm induced by histamine in anaesthetized guinea pigs and the contraction of isolated trachea induced by noradrenaline or phenylephrine. Urapidil markedly delayed the appearance of severe dyspnoea induced by histamine aerosol in guinea pigs. Further, urapidil inhibited isoproterenol-induced ST depression in rats and inhibited histamine-induced ST depression in rabbits. The postural hypotension induced by prazosin was greater than that induced by urapidil in equihypotensive doses in conscious rabbits. Urapidil induced a lesser alpha-blockade in the vein than in the artery compared with prazosin. These combined properties of urapidil suggest that the drug is worth investigation in hypertensive patients with bronchial asthma or ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 3230474 TI - Visual perception of moving parts. AB - There are countless three-dimensional interpretations of a set of points moving in a two-dimensional image. A unique visual interpretation of motion thus requires assumptions about the types of structure likely to be found in the three dimensional world. We propose that the human visual system favors articulated structures in its interpretations. An articulated structure is a rigid body with moving parts that themselves are rigid and rotate in fixed planes with respect to the body. (A bicycle is an example.) We claim that an image consisting of just two moving points is seen as an articulated structure (when their motion is consistent with one), even though countless other interpretations are possible, including a rigid one of a rod moving in space. An experiment is presented in support of our claim, and a well-known display from an old experiment is reinterpreted as a special case of an articulated structure. PMID- 3230473 TI - Permeation of the blood-brain barrier by urapidil and its influence on intracranial pressure in man in the presence of compromised intracranial dynamics. AB - We studied eight patients undergoing craniotomy for intracerebral tumour surgery requiring monitoring of intracranial pressure. All these patients showed significantly increased systolic arterial pressure, during anaesthesia. Following an average dose of 0.8 +/- 0.22 mg/kg urapidil, systolic arterial pressure returned to baseline values without a significant change in intracranial pressure. In nine patients, urapidil concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were assayed following an intravenous injection of urapidil. Urapidil was found in the cerebrospinal fluid in concentrations between 5 and 99 ng/ml after total cumulative bolus injections of 10-75 mg. There is evidence that in clinically applied doses urapidil permeates the blood-brain barrier and reaches cerebrospinal fluid concentrations that allow an interaction with central 5 hydroxytryptamine-1A receptors. PMID- 3230475 TI - Visual development over the life span. PMID- 3230476 TI - Mathematical model of emmetropization in the chicken. AB - Recently a number of observations were made on refractive development in chickens and monkeys under various experimental treatments. Degradation of the retinal image by use of occluders produces myopia, although with a high variability in the individual refractions. This kind of image degradation myopia can be induced in the absence of accommodation and with the optic nerve sectioned. In chickens, recovery occurs both in normal birds and in operated birds in which accommodation has been eliminated by lesions in the Edinger Westphal nucleus. In addition, it was shown that, in the chicken eye, growth compensates for an imposed refractive error induced by spectacle lenses. A compensatory change in growth can also be induced in the absence of accommodation. Thus the role of accommodation in the refractive development must be explained. Here we develop a minimal model for regulation of eye growth that provides a possible explanation for all the above observations. A major conclusion is that the presence of two independent feedback loops must be assumed, one dependent on accommodation and one on a local mechanism detecting blur in the retina. PMID- 3230477 TI - Does the chromatic aberration of the eye vary with age? AB - The longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye has been reported to decline with age. Using three different methods, we have measured the aberration in a group of young subjects (27-33 years old) and a group of older subjects (48-72 years old). In two of the methods we used a Badal optometer, either with or without an achromatizing lens incorporated, to examine the effect of wavelength on refractive error. In the third method we used a vernier-alignment apparatus to assess chromatic dispersion directly. None of the results of the experiments performed revealed any difference in aberration between the groups. Furthermore, a linear regression of aberration against age showed no relationship between these variables. We conclude that, for human adults, the magnitude of chromatic aberration is independent of age. PMID- 3230478 TI - Spectral sensitivity and chromatic discriminations in 3- and 7-week-old human infants. AB - The chromatic discrimination capabilities of 3- and 7-week-old infants were tested using 8 degrees, 417-, 448-, 486-, 540-, and 645-nm test fields embedded in a 547-nm surround and 486-nm test fields in a broadband red surround. In corroboration of earlier studies, few 3-week-old infants demonstrated chromatic discriminations, although their performance was somewhat better when one of the lights was long wavelength. Most 7-week-old infants could make chromatic discriminations, but they still demonstrated performance minima. The radiances of the test lights at the infants' performance minima were used to generate a spectral luminous efficiency curve. This curve agreed with both the adult heterochromatic brightness matches measured at 30 degrees of visual eccentricity in situ and the standard adult scotopic sensitivity curve V(lambda) over the short- and mid-wavelength range but deviated from both adult curves for the 645 nm test stimulus on a 547-nm surround. The results suggest that rod-initiated signals play a major role in infants' visual performance under the conditions tested. PMID- 3230479 TI - Aging and human cone photopigments. AB - We used a noninvasive technique to investigate changes in photoreceptor function with aging in observers 13-69 years of age. This technique, steady-state color matching, provides estimates of the optical density of cone photopigments, the illuminance that bleaches half of the photopigment, and the ratio of the primaries required at moderate light levels. In normal human retinas, we found that the optical density for a 4-deg field is affected minimally by aging from the second through the seventh decades. The average optical density is 0.27 +/- 0.054. The optical densities of older observers varied more than those of younger observers. The change in optical density with age is nonmonotonic, with slightly lower values for the youngest and oldest observers in our study. The retinal illuminance that bleaches half of the cone photopigment varied little across observers, averaging 4.37 log Td +/- 0.119. The change with age, which averages 0.00018 log Td per year over all observers, also is nonmonotonic. Moderate illuminance color matches did change with age, as expected, with a monotonic decrease with age in the ratio of the long-wavelength primary to the short wavelength primary required for the color match. PMID- 3230480 TI - Color matching and the Stiles-Crawford effect in observers with early age-related macular changes. AB - We studied the color-match-area effect and the Stiles-Crawford effect in 10 observers with age-related macular changes. Observers were graded on a scale of I to IV according to the Sarks classification, which correlates fundus appearance and visual acuity with the severity of postmortem histological changes in Bruch's membrane. Observers in group II showed subtle abnormalities of color matching; those in groups III and IV showed more-severe abnormalities. The Stiles-Crawford effect was abnormal in 9 of 10 eyes tested. Only one observer showed a Stiles Crawford effect that had a well-defined peak near the center of the pupil and a near-normal bandpass. The results suggest that early age-related changes visible in the fundus can be revealed by psychophysical tests of photoreceptor architecture. PMID- 3230482 TI - Age-related changes in the central visual field for short-wavelength-sensitive pathways. AB - The sensitivity of short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) cone pathways throughout the central 30-deg visual field was determined in both eyes of 62 normal volunteers between the ages of 20 and 72 years. We found an average SWS cone pathway sensitivity decrease with age of approximately 0.15 log unit per decade. The sensitivity reduction was approximately linear, with a slightly larger decrease beyond the age of 50 years. The age-related SWS cone pathway sensitivity reductions also became larger as a function of increasing stimulus eccentricity. Measurements of ocular-media absorption characteristics in each eye revealed that 30-40% of the age-related sensitivity loss could be attributed to reductions in transmission of short-wavelength light by the ocular media. After corrections for preretinal media transmission loss, the decrease in the sensitivity of SWS cone pathways with age was approximately 0.09 log unit per decade. This age-related loss is greater than age-related sensitivity decreases in the middle-wavelength sensitive and/or long-wavelength-sensitive cones (approximately 0.06 to 0.07 log unit per decade). In the age group older than 60 years, there was an inverse relationship between media-corrected SWS cone pathway sensitivity and media absorption characteristics (i.e., media-corrected SWS cone pathway sensitivity was higher in eyes with lower media transmission of short wavelengths). This relationship was not so evident for younger subjects. A similar inverse relationship between transmission loss in the ocular media and SWS cone pathway sensitivity was found between left and right eyes of the same individual.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230481 TI - Sensitivity of human foveal color mechanisms throughout the life span. AB - Spectral sensitivities of mechanisms dominated by short-, middle-, or long wavelength-sensitive cones were measured for 76 observers ranging in age from 10 to 84 years. The short-wavelength mechanism was isolated with a yellow adapting background and five test wavelengths between 420 and 550 nm modulated at 2 Hz. Sensitivity declined with age, but the slopes of the functions varied as a function of wavelength. When the data were corrected for light losses in the ocular media, the slopes were similar for lambda less than or equal to 500 nm and still significantly correlated with age. At 440 nm, the sensitivity of the short wavelength mechanism, specified at the retinal level, declined at a rate of 0.08 log unit per decade. Sensitivity at 550 nm under these conditions was dependent on middle- and/or long-wavelength-sensitive cones and was not correlated significantly with age. To study isolated middle- and long-wavelength mechanisms, sensitivities were measured at six wavelengths between 500 and 650 nm, using a 20 Hz test stimulus and appropriate chromatic adapting backgrounds. The sensitivities at all wavelengths were correlated negatively with age. When specified at the retinal level, the sensitivity at 560 nm declined at a rate of 0.11 log unit per decade for both middle- and long-wavelength mechanisms. These data support the view that the sensitivities of all three cone types and/or at least one of their postreceptoral pathways declines from 10 to 84 years of age. PMID- 3230483 TI - Short-wavelength-sensitive-cone sensitivity loss with aging: a protective role for macular pigment? AB - The hypothesis was tested that the yellow macular pigment protects the human fovea from retinal neural damage caused by visible-light exposure over a lifetime. The sensitivities of the short-wavelength-sensitive-cone (S-cone) pathways and a long-wavelength-sensitive pathway were assessed across the central retina in a young group (average age, 23 years) and an older group (average age, 67 years) of normal healthy observers. No statistically significant difference was found at any retinal locations between the groups for the measures of long wavelength sensitivity. However, the older group showed a significant differential loss of S-cone sensitivity across the retina compared with the younger group, with more loss of sensitivity at nonfoveal locations than at the fovea. This differential loss across the retina cannot be accounted for by yellowing of the crystalline lens, since lens effects are present equally at all retinal eccentricities. This result supports the hypothesis that the macular pigment protects the foveal area from light damage. PMID- 3230484 TI - Saturation of rod-initiated signals in 2-month-old human infants. AB - Absolute and increment thresholds were measured for 2-month-old human infants by using long-wavelength adapting fields and short-wavelength test flashes. The test flashes were 500 or 10 msec in duration and varied from 6 degrees to 16 degrees in diameter. The psychometric functions measured in the dark were steep for large, long-duration test flashes and shallow for small, brief flashes. Under conditions of light adaptation, the psychometric functions were consistently steep. The shape of the area-threshold function depended on the criterial percent correct responses; when a criterion of 75% correct responses was used, the slope of the area-threshold function was much steeper than predicted by Ricco's law. These results are interpreted in the context of a model in which rod-initiated signals saturate at a locus proximal to the rods themselves but distal to most of the considerable spatial pooling of visual signals that occurs in infants. PMID- 3230485 TI - Testing hypotheses about development with electroretinographic and incremental threshold data. AB - Electroretinographic (ERG) and incremental-threshold [threshold-versus-intensity (tvi)] data have been used to infer mechanisms of development. For a hypothesis about development to be tested, the hypothesis must be specified in the context of a model of the adult visual system. Here, published ERG and tvi data obtained from infants are analyzed in the context of models with two sites. The first site in each of these models has the properties of the rod receptors. By a combination of hypotheses about development and these models, other hypotheses are considered. Taken together, the ERG and tvi data are consistent with a scheme in which developmental changes during the first 18 weeks occur largely, if not entirely, in the retina. Some of these changes may be receptoral in origin. The need for explicit adult models and explicit developmental hypotheses is emphasized. PMID- 3230486 TI - Analysis of the development of spatial contrast sensitivity in monkey and human infants. AB - The development of spatial contrast sensitivity in human and monkey infants reveals changes in the properties of underlying contrast-detection mechanisms in the visual system. A reanalysis of published data shows that the development of the spatial contrast sensitivity function can be described satisfactorily by the simultaneous vertical and horizontal scaling of a template function whose shape on a log-log axis does not change during development. Because individuals differ in the point to which contrast sensitivity has developed at any particular time, the use of group-averaged data as a basis for estimating the course of the developmental process has two undesirable results. First, it provides estimates of spatial contrast sensitivity during development that do not reflect any individual's sensitivity. Second, it incorrectly suggests that the shape of the spatial contrast sensitivity function changes during development. PMID- 3230487 TI - Spatial contrast sensitivity: effects of age, test-retest, and psychophysical method. AB - Spatial contrast sensitivity was tested twice in normal subjects from five age groups by using each of two different psychophysical methods. Results obtained by the method of adjustment showed a decline in sensitivity with increasing age at all spatial frequencies. In contrast, the forced-choice procedure yielded results indicating an age-related decline predominantly at high spatial frequencies, with the magnitude of the decline being generally similar to that obtained earlier by a tracking method [Vision Res. 23, 689 (1983)]. The decline that we observed cannot be due to pupillary changes with age, since this factor was controlled. Moreover, we suggest that the high-spatial-frequency decline in contrast sensitivity, although it is comparatively small, is too large to be due to changes in lens density. We therefore suggest that a neural component is responsible. In addition, interactions among the age of the subject, the spatial frequency used, and the psychophysical method used suggest that the method of adjustment should be avoided for age-related studies of vision. PMID- 3230488 TI - Aging and luminance-adaptation effects on spatial contrast sensitivity. AB - Contrast sensitivity as a function of target luminance for four spatial frequencies (0.5, 2, 4, and 8 cycles/deg) was measured in younger (n = 12; age range, 19-35 years) and older (n = 11; age range, 68-79 years) adults in order to examine the feasibility of optical and neural explanations for the impairment of contrast sensitivity in older adults. All subjects were free from identifiable ocular disease and had good acuity. Sensitivity for each spatial frequency was measured at eight luminance levels spanning 3.5 log units in the photopic-mesopic range. When gratings were flickered at 0.5 Hz, functions for older adults were displaced downward on the sensitivity axis across all luminance levels, and the slopes of these functions were steeper than those for younger adults, suggesting that optical mechanisms alone cannot account for the vision loss in older adults. Further measurements, in which spatial targets were flickered at 7.5 Hz, indicated that this faster temporal modulation affected sensitivity as a function of luminance differentially in younger and older adults. These data imply that the neural mechanisms subserving human spatial vision undergo significant changes during adulthood. PMID- 3230490 TI - Foveal flicker sensitivity in healthy aging eyes. I. Compensating for pupil variation. AB - Photopic temporal contrast sensitivity for healthy eyes of observers 65 years old and older is compared with retinal-illuminance-matched sensitivity of younger eyes. The older observers are significantly less sensitive for frequencies between 10 and 45 Hz. Although there is a slight shift to slower flicker rates in the mean contrast sensitivity function for older observers, this trend is not statistically significant, suggesting that there is relatively little loss of temporal resolving power of the visual system with healthy aging. These are preliminary results from an ongoing study of temporal contrast sensitivity in healthy aging eyes. PMID- 3230489 TI - Threshold and suprathreshold spatiotemporal response throughout adulthood. AB - The effect of age on spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity at both threshold and suprathreshold levels was studied in 63 adults ranging in age from 13 to 67 years. Sensitivity for low spatial frequencies modulated at 0 to 15 Hz was not affected by age, but a progressive age-related elevation of threshold was found for combinations of high spatial and temporal frequencies. The magnitude of the effect ascribed to age on spatial frequency was larger than the effect of age on temporal frequency. For most combinations of spatial and temporal frequencies, elevation of thresholds started at approximately 45 years of age. No age-related effects were observed in a contrast-matching task performed at suprathreshold levels. PMID- 3230491 TI - Age and visual search: expanding the useful field of view. AB - The useful field of view is defined as the visual area in which information can be acquired within one eye fixation. We studied visual search within this context and found a reduction in the size of the field as a function of age. This loss, however, was recovered partially with practice. Standard acuity and perimetric tests of visual field, although diagnostic of disease, underestimate the degree of difficulty experienced by visually healthy older adults in everyday activities requiring the use of peripheral vision. To aid in predicting such performance, a model incorporating the effects of distractors and secondary task demands was developed. PMID- 3230492 TI - Unicondylar fractures of the distal humerus: an operative approach. AB - This paper retrospectively reviews a series of 22 unicondylar fractures of the distal end of the humerus that were treated by open reduction and internal fixation over a 10 year period. The fracture patterns were classified according to the system of Muller et al. A strict rating scale was developed that incorporated subjective data, objective elbow motion, and the functional status of the involved elbow. At an average follow-up of 5.9 years (range 2.3 to 12.3 years), 12 elbows were rated as excellent, 6 as good, and 4 as fair. Complications included extensive posttraumatic arthritis in four patients, a nonunion in one, and a transient radial nerve palsy in one. PMID- 3230493 TI - Concomitant fractures of the capitellum and radial head. AB - Seven cases of coexisting capitellum and radial head fractures are reported. Our best results were obtained when early open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the larger, more suitable fracture was combined with excision of the smaller fracture fragments and the early initiation of motion. Poor results were obtained when there was (a) incomplete removal of intraarticular fragments, (b) associated medial collateral ligament injuries, or (c) when ORIF was attempted on small capitellum fracture fragments. PMID- 3230494 TI - Comparison of flexion versus extension splinting in the treatment of Mason type I radial head and neck fractures. AB - At an average of 18.4 months after fracture, 20 adult patients with nondisplaced radial head or neck fractures were examined regarding manner of treatment and functional outcome: 11 patients were initially immobilized in 90 degrees flexion and nine patients were immobilized in straight extension. Loss of range of motion of the injured elbow averaged 1 degree loss of flexion, 2 degrees loss of extension, 1 degree loss of supination, and 2 degrees loss of pronation. No patient reported any functional impairment, and only five patients (25%) reported any symptoms referable to the injured elbow on follow-up. The manner of initial treatment did not seem to affect ultimate outcome; symptomatic treatment and splinting followed by early range of motion would appear to produce uniformly good results. PMID- 3230495 TI - Simultaneous fractures of the distal end of the radius and the scaphoid bone. AB - Simultaneous fracture of the scaphoid bone occurred in 26 (4%) of the 650 injuries of the distal end of the radius seen at our institution. These injuries occur after a fall on the outstretched hand with a pronated wrist joint and extended hand. In a 4-year period (1983-1987), 26 simultaneous fractures of the distal end of the radius and the scaphoid bone were seen. Typically, the fracture of the radius had minimal or slight displacement, and the fracture of the scaphoid bone occurred always as a transverse thin line without displacement. The simultaneous fracture of the scaphoid bone was often very difficult to recognize radiographically and could very easily be overlooked. Discovery of the simultaneous fracture is important for adequate immobilization. Inadequate treatment, due to an overlooked fracture of the scaphoid bone, can result in a painful wrist joint and, possibly, Sudeck's atrophy. PMID- 3230496 TI - Traction bow for acute reduction of fracture and/or dislocation of the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine. AB - Treatment of acute fractures and/or fracture dislocations of the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine has traditionally involved bedrest or the use of traction devices with external hanging weights, until surgical correction can be accomplished. A fiberglass tubular traction bow with continuous adjustable elastic tension has been designed for the application of skeletal traction. When used to treat thoracic or thoracolumbar fractures and/or dislocations, it can maintain distraction forces in an uninterrupted fashion. Ten patients with acute fractures and/or dislocations of the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine were treated with this traction bow. All of the spinal deformities showed dramatic improvement within the first 3 h of treatment. The patients all showed immediate lessening of acute severe pain, and those with incomplete neurologic loss showed improvement of their neurologic function. The patients all tolerated the device well and were able to undergo radiologic examination and, ultimately, spinal fusion while they were stabilized in the traction bow. We believe this device is especially valuable for immediate reduction of spine and care of patients with fractures or fracture dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine. PMID- 3230497 TI - Comparative study of the Orthofix and Pittsburgh frames for external fixation of unstable pelvic ring fractures. AB - We compared the mechanical performance of the Orthofix pelvic external fixator with that of the Pittsburgh triangular frame (PTF) on eight fresh-frozen cadaver pelves with experimentally created Malgaigne (double-vertical) fracture/dislocations. The pelves were quasi-statically loaded in longitudinal compression and loss of reduction (i.e., failure) was defined as 1.5 cm of diastasis at either of the fracture/dislocation sites. The Orthofix frame-pelvis complex (four 6-mm half-pins) was comparable to the PTF-pelvis complex (eight 5 mm half-pins) in terms of load to failure and overall stiffness, but was 4-7 times stiffer at lower load levels. Both frame-and-pin complexes deformed moderately at the pin-bone interface, but, while the PTF also showed moderate displacement between frame components, the Orthofix had almost no frame intercomponent motion. PMID- 3230498 TI - Intramedullary fixation of subtrochanteric fractures with the Williams Y-nail: report of three cases. AB - Kuntscher Y-nailing is indicated for unstable proximal fractures of the femur in the elderly (5-7,10). The Williams modified Y-nail is an interlocking Y-nail that was designed to extend the indications beyond those of the Kuntscher Y-nail. The Williams Y-nail was employed in three cases of subtrochanteric and subtrochanteric-intertrochanteric fractures, including one case in which there was an ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture. This procedure requires reaming and interlocking which are not performed in classic Kuntscher Y-nailing. At follow-up (14-month minimum), each patient had a good clinical result and radiographic healing. Leg length shortening (maximum, 1.5 cm) occurred in two of three cases, primarily as a result of the failure to employ either a proximal or a distal interlocking screw. No other deformities have been observed. Williams Y-nailing can extend the indications of the Kuntscher Y-nail to include rotationally unstable subtrochanteric fractures and associated ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures. The increased technical demands of the Williams modified Y-nail warrant cautious use depending upon the complexity of the fracture. Used properly, the Williams Y-nail may reduce the incidence of rotational and leg length deformities often experienced with other commonly used devices for unstable subtrochanteric and ipsilateral trochanteric-diaphyseal fractures of the femur. PMID- 3230499 TI - Dynamic compression plate fixation: a biomechanical comparison of unicortical vs bicortical distal screw fixation. AB - The use of unicortical screws instead of bicortical screws in the extreme outer holes of dynamic compression plates (DCPs) has been recommended to minimize the stress riser effect at the end of the plates. The authors examined in vitro two groups of paired canine femurs after compression plates had been applied to the anterolateral diaphyseal surface bilaterally. Group I: intact paired femurs with bicortical peripheral screws in one DCP and unicortical peripheral screws in the other; Group II: osteotomized paired femurs again comparing unicortical and bicortical peripheral DCP screws. All specimens were torsion tested to failure and the torque, stiffness, energy, rotation, and failure fracture length were calculated. Unicortical screws did not enhance the torsional strength in either group, and significantly compromised stiffness, energy, and rotation in the osteotomized group. The only apparent benefit of unicortical peripheral screws in a DCP was a shorter, less comminuted fracture upon failure. PMID- 3230500 TI - False positive indium-111 white blood cell scan in a closed clavicle fracture. AB - Aggressive treatment of the multiply injured patient often requires early fixation of many fractures, some of which may be open. Often, patients develop postoperative fevers requiring a thorough workup to rule out infection. Recently, indium-111 white blood cell (WBC) imaging has become a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of acute infection. The patient described had a simple, closed clavicle fracture with markedly increased activity on an indium-111 WBC scan obtained for fever workup. This subsequently proved to be a normal, healing, noninfected fracture by other diagnostic techniques. Noninfected, simple closed fractures should be added to the list of causes for a false-positive indium-111 WBC scan. PMID- 3230501 TI - Irreducible fracture of the calcaneus in a child. AB - Displaced fractures of the calcaneus are rare in children, and most do not require open reduction as a treatment modality. The case of a 4-year 8-month-old boy who sustained a fracture of the anterior process of the calcaneus requiring open reduction is presented; no similar fracture in childhood has been previously reported. Treatment guidelines for calcaneal fractures in children are reviewed. PMID- 3230502 TI - The role of external fixation in the treatment of posttraumatic osteomyelitis. AB - External skeletal fixation played a central role in the reconstruction of 30 limbs involved in posttraumatic osteomyelitis. The tibia was involved in 15, the femur in six, the ankle in five, and the foot and radius in two each. Of the thirty limbs, 27 were ununited. Positive bacteriology and/or histology was found in each case. A total of 36 frames were used with 20 unilateral half-frame constructs and 16 bilateral transfixion frames. The average duration of external fixation was 60 days. Specific procedures for soft tissue coverage were required in 21 cases and autogenous bone grafting in 26. Loosening and local infection occurred in three of 168 external fixation pins. There were no cases of pin-track osteomyelitis, fractures through pintracks, or neurovascular damage from pin insertion. Infection was controlled in 29 of 30 limbs, with one requiring a below knee amputation. Skeletal union was achieved in all cases. At an average follow up of 35 months, 20 of 28 lower limbs in 27 patients tolerated full weight bearing without ambulatory aides. Four used a patellar tendon-bearing polypropylene orthosis, two used a cane, and one a walker. In the 23 patients ambulating without upper-extremity aides, the average time from the start of treatment to reach this functional status was 14 months. PMID- 3230503 TI - Lawn-mower injuries in children. AB - The power lawn mower is capable of inflicting serious injury, particularly to the pediatric population. A total of 27 patients who had sustained lawn-mower injuries were reviewed to identify those factors responsible for power-mower accidents and to determine an effective treatment regimen for these patients. The injuries included amputations in 19, major lacerations in 34, and fractures in 23 extremities. Aggressive treatment of both the soft tissue and bony injuries was necessary. Fractures were treated with either open reduction and internal fixation or external fixation, as appropriate, and early soft tissue coverage. The results were satisfactory in the majority of patients, but often required multiple surgical procedures over a number of years. The incidence of these injuries can be reduced by educating the public about the potential dangers of these machines, and by encouraging the use of proper safety procedures. PMID- 3230504 TI - Self-discrepancies as predictors of vulnerability to distinct syndromes of chronic emotional distress. AB - Two types of self-discrepancy differing in both domain and standpoint of self guide were examined as predictors of vulnerability to chronic emotional syndromes. Study 1 assessed discrepancy between the actual/own self-state and the ideal/own self-guide and between the actual/own self-state and the ought/other self-guide in predicting syndromes of dejection and agitation as well as different types of anger. Actual/own: ideal/own discrepancy (AI) was uniquely related to dejection, frustration, and anger at self as measured 2 months later; actual/own:ought/other discrepancy (AOO) was uniquely related to agitation and to anger at others and resentment. Study 2 used structural equation modeling of the relations between AI and AOO discrepancy and social anxiety versus depression as measured weeks later. A model in which AOO was more strongly associated with social anxiety and AI was more strongly associated with depressive symptoms provided the best fit. The results support the convergent and discriminant validity of a self-discrepancy model of vulnerability to chronic emotional syndromes. PMID- 3230505 TI - Centrality and individual differences in the meaning of daily hassles. AB - In this study we introduce the concept of centrality in an attempt to assess individual differences in the meaning underlying daily hassles. Central hassles are defined as those which reflect important ongoing themes or problems in the person's life. The characteristics of central hassles, and their role in psychological and somatic health, were assessed in a sample of 150 community residing men and women. The results indicate that central hassles vary in content from person to person and touch more on problems with personal needs and deficits in coping skills compared to noncentral hassles. The dimension of centrality was found to play a significant role in the prediction of psychological symptoms. Although the empirical case for the importance of centrality in the stress illness relationship is inconclusive due to problems of confounding and a cross sectional rather than longitudinal design, the ideas presented appear promising and provide a basis for further research on psychological vulnerability to stress. PMID- 3230506 TI - Markets for biomaterials. PMID- 3230507 TI - Biomaterials entrepreneurship. AB - Entrepreneurial companies in biomaterials serve a valuable function in lowering the risk of developing new products and devices. In many cases liability considerations and a pragmatic conservatism make it difficult for established health-care products suppliers to develop new products directly. Biomaterials entrepreneurs encounter more difficulties in achieving commercial success than do entrepreneurs in other fields. For any reasonable profit to be made, the entrepreneur must be able to convert the biomaterial into a useful device. Safety and toxicity test data collection take a minimum of three years to collect, and it is often five or more years before a positive cash flow can be obtained. Start up funding can be obtained from government agencies, charitable foundations, and private investment capital. A major health-care company can often be attracted once initial successes have been achieved. Biomaterials usage and device design is specific for each function or need. Specific devices that are currently needed are small (c. 4 mm) diameter artificial blood vessels, synthetic skin, and internal prosthetic devices which have better tissue compatibility, abrasion, corrosion, and wear resistance especially for flexing devices such as artificial joints, ligaments and tendons. PMID- 3230509 TI - Biomaterials for the dental market. AB - There are a number of products and improvements in existing products desired by the dental industries. However, it is important to realize that the dental marketing system is changing and uses different criteria than those which influenced the marketing in the last decade. More integrated systems are being marketed to the dentists, and the consumers are more interested in products which will help them maintain their teeth and gums. Fluoridation and other changes have helped in retaining the teeth, usually for the whole lifetime. This progress will change the way dentists practice, and will change the materials and equipment they need. PMID- 3230508 TI - Contact lenses as a specialty chemical market. PMID- 3230510 TI - Plastics in medical applications. AB - Plastics are fulfilling a number of critical roles in a variety of medical applications. While some of these are low-technology, throw-away products, many of the applications impose critical requirements as to mechanical performance, chemical resistance, biocompatibility, ability to be sterilized and to remain sterile. By performing capably and reliably in these applications, plastics have found a major outlet, one that offers good opportunities for the present materials as well as for future developments. Numerous challenges remain. The present materials perform, though barely adequately, and superior performance over longer periods of time is an important goal. While off-the-shelf plastics have been used in most medical applications, it is likely that development work will focus on the needs of specific important medical applications. In addition to the usual need for ever decreasing costs and prices, there is the opportunity for materials that possess improved blood compatibility, radiation resistance, and/or in vivo compatibility for improved degradable sutures, coatings for pacemakers, phthalate-free plastics, bags with improved gas impermeability and disposables with controlled degradability. PMID- 3230511 TI - Marketing new medical devices. AB - The marketing concept says that a firm should focus all of its efforts on satisfying its customers, at a profit. This is really a a new philosophy of business, replacing a production-oriented philosophy which focused on organizing a firm's resources to make products and then selling them. The marketing concept calls for reorienting the firm's ways of doing things. Instead of trying to get customers to buy what the firm has produced, a marketing-oriented firm would try to sell what the customers want. The underlying principle of the marketing concept is that a firm should seek to meet the needs of customers, at a profit, rather than place its main emphasis on its own internal activities and utilization of its resources. These latter factors are also important, of course, but those who believe in the marketing concept feel that customers' needs should be the firm's primary focus and that resources should be organized to satisfy those needs. Give the customer what he needs--this may seem so obvious and logical that it is difficult to understand why the marketing concept is considered such a breakthrough. However, people haven't always done the logical and obvious. In a typical company, production men thought mainly about getting the product out. Accountants were only interested in balancing the books. Financial people were absorbed in the company's cash position. And salesmen were mainly concerned with getting orders. No one was particularly concerned with whether the whole system made sense. As long as the company made a profit, each department went merrily on its independent way, "doing its own thing." Unfortunately, they still do in the majority of companies today. Finding out customer's attitudes can avoid prejudices and stereotypes commonly found in the typical organization. The need for market research to avoid stereotypes can be dramatized by the following results from a large-scale survey of European adults: The average Frenchman uses almost twice as many cosmetics and beauty aids as his wife. The Germans and the French eat more spaghetti than the Italians. French and Italian housewives are not as interested in cooking as their counterparts in Luxembourg and Belgium. No firm can conduct its business successfully without trying to measure the actual size of markets, present and future. Quantitative measurements are essential for the analysis of market opportunity, the planning of marketing programs, and the control of marketing effort. The firm may make many measures of demand, varying in the level of product aggregation, the time dimension,a nd the space dimension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3230512 TI - Genetic control of Yarrowia lipolytica fatty acid synthetase biosynthesis and function. AB - Yarrowia lipolytica, like other lower fungi, has a fatty acid synthetase complex (FAS) with an alpha 6 beta 6 molecular structure. Both subunits are multifunctional proteins each with a molecular weight of more then 200,000 daltons. A collection of FAS-deficient) Y. lipolytica mutants was isolated and characterized by both genetic complementation and enzyme activity measurements. It was found that the three acyl transferases (acetyl-, malonyl- and palmityl transacylation) together with the enoyl reductase domain are located on subunit beta and, therefore, are encoded by the gene locus FAS1. beta-Ketoacyl reductase, beta-ketoacyl synthase and acyl carrier protein functions are part of the FAS2 encoded subunit alpha. Thus, the functional organization of FAS1 and FAS2 is identical in both yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica. Nevertheless, the two yeasts differ significantly with respect to the intragenic complementation characteristics of fas1 and fas2 mutants. This finding is discussed in terms of a specific inter- or intramolecular reaction mechanism within the oligomeric FAS complex. The pentafunctional Y. lipolytica FAS1 gene was isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library using polyclonal antisera against the purified FAS complex. At present, sequencing of FAS1, which is more than 5 kilobases long, is almost completed. Available data indicate approx. 60 percent sequence homology together with an identical order of catalytic domains within subunit beta of the two yeasts, Y. lipolytica and S. cerevisiae. PMID- 3230514 TI - Posterior capsular opacification and intraocular lens decentration. Part II: Experimental findings on a prototype circular intraocular lens design. AB - In a prospective randomized study, 25 New Zealand white rabbit eyes were implanted with four intraocular lens (IOL) designs. These included a one-piece modified J-loop IOL, a three-piece modified J-loop IOL, a rigid disc IOL, and an experimental compressible disc (CD) IOL. The CD IOL revealed the lowest mean posterior capsular opacification (PCO) of all IOLs tested (P less than .01). With all lenses tested, a positive correlation between PCO and decentration was found (R = 0.55, P less than .05). These results suggest that because of its design features (i.e., one-piece construction, biconvex optic, posterior angulation of the fixation element), the CD lens produces a mechanical barrier against lens epithelial cell migration and reduces the incidence of PCO. PMID- 3230513 TI - Posterior capsular opacification and intraocular lens decentration. Part I: Comparison of various posterior chamber lens designs implanted in the rabbit model. AB - Experimental phacoemulsification procedures were performed in 54 Rex rabbits. In 96 eyes, posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) were implanted in the capsular sac, and 12 eyes served as controls with no lens implantation. The IOLs were divided into eight groups consisting of both one-piece and three-piece styles with various optic designs. Each lens was evaluated for the relative effect on posterior capsular opacification (PCO) and optic decentration, two of the most common complications of modern cataract surgery and IOL implantation. Optics with a convex-anterior, plano-posterior design (the type of IOL optic most frequently implanted today) had the highest incidence of PCO. With capsular fixated IOLs, the features that have a statistically significant impact on reducing PCO include (1) one-piece, all-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOL styles, (2) a biconvex or posterior convex optic design, and (3) angulated loops. Lens decentration was not affected by the optic design, but statistical analysis showed that one-piece, all-PMMA IOL construction provided the most consistent centration. PMID- 3230515 TI - Retinal tears and detachments after extracapsular cataract surgery. AB - A review of 3,120 consecutive cases of extracapsular cataract extraction revealed a retinal detachment incidence of 0.8% and a retinal tear incidence of 0.9%. Approximately 85% of all tears and detachments occurred within the first three years of cataract surgery. Analysis of the retinal detachment group identified several risk factors. These included young age, male sex, axial length greater than 25 mm, primary posterior capsulotomy, and previous retinal surgery in the fellow eye. In the retinal tear group, the risk factors were young age and previous retinal surgery in the fellow eye. Visual results were excellent with an average of one line of acuity lost after successful macula-on and macula-off detachment surgery and no significant change after retinal tear repair. Despite multiple surgeries, the retinas in two detachments were lost to proliferative vitreoretinopathy. PMID- 3230516 TI - Comparison of intraocular solutions on glycolysis and levels of ATP and glutathione in the retina. AB - The effects of several intraocular irrigating solutions on the rate of glycolysis and the levels of ATP and glutathione in the isolated rat retina were investigated. The media were HCO3-Ringer, balanced salt solution (BSS) (to which 5 mM glucose was added), and BSS PLUS. There were no significant differences in the metabolic activities and metabolite levels in retinas incubated with either HCO3-Ringer or BSS PLUS. Retinas incubated with BSS PLUS had higher rates of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis and more ATP than did retinas incubated with BSS. There were no significant differences, however, in the glutathione content of retinas incubated with BSS PLUS and BSS. These results show that retinal energy metabolism is maintained better with BSS PLUS because this irrigating solution contains glucose and bicarbonate. PMID- 3230517 TI - Mass spectroscopic analysis of excimer laser ablated material from human corneal tissue. AB - The clinical feasibility of photorefractive keratectomy depends on the surface structure of the ablated cornea. Two factors that influence the remodeled surface are the homogeneity of the energy distribution and the properties of the laser source (energy and wavelength). Currently, the homogeneity of the beam is difficult to control. The second factor, laser source properties, was the focus of this study. We investigated the effect of laser wavelength and energy by analyzing the reaction products of photoablation. We monitored the fragments produced by UV-laser ablation of human corneas using mass spectroscopy in the range of 0 to 100 atomic mass units. At 248 nm (KrF), average photon energy was 5 mJ/cm2, increased to 90 mJ/cm2 by intervals of 5 mJ/cm2. At 193 nm (ArF), photon energy was increased by the same interval from 5 mJ/cm2 to 80 mJ/cm2. Our experiments showed that there was a fluence threshold of approximately 40 mJ/cm2 at 193 nm (ArF) and 50 mJ/cm2 at 248 nm (KrF). Exceeding this threshold led to sudden increases in the number and relative intensity of fragment peaks in mass spectroscopy. This indicates the onset of multiple-photon processes and effective photochemical breakdown. There was a significant difference between both wavelengths in the distribution of mass peaks, indicating higher ionization power at 193 nm. PMID- 3230518 TI - Effect of cataract surgery and intraocular lenses on diabetic retinopathy. AB - We reviewed a series of 137 cataract extractions with intraocular lenses (IOLs) in patients with diabetes, mellitus between 1977 and 1983. All patients were followed for an average of 36 months to determine if they subsequently showed progression of diabetic retinopathy. Divided into groups according to the type of procedure and IOL received, they were compared for age, sex, duration of diabetes, treatment required for the diabetes, intraoperative complications, and follow-up period. Patients who had intracapsular cataract extractions with anterior chamber IOLs were three times as likely to show proliferative retinopathy as those who had extracapsular cataract extractions with posterior chamber IOLs. Insulin-dependent patients were three to four times more likely to show progression to proliferation than noninsulin dependent patients. We conclude that, while some procedures are riskier for the diabetic eye, extracapsular lens extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber lens does not imply an increased risk of development of proliferative retinopathy. PMID- 3230519 TI - Control of intraocular pressure in glaucomatous eyes after extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. AB - Two hundred sixty eyes of 195 patients having extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens were studied retrospectively. Of these cases, 160 eyes had preexisting glaucoma while 100 had no ocular pathology except for cataract. Intraocular pressure decreased significantly after ECCE in both groups and slowly returned to baseline within two years. The average postoperative visual acuity was better in the control group than in the glaucoma group. Patients with glaucoma were controlled with less medication after surgery. We believe that ECCE with insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens can be safely performed in glaucoma patients and has a beneficial effect on the control of glaucoma. PMID- 3230520 TI - Effect of carbachol on postoperative intraocular pressure. AB - Carbachol instilled in 125 eyes at the time of extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens insertion had a statistically significant effect on lowering the postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) at 24 hours (average IOP 14.0 mm Hg) and at 72 hours (average IOP 11.6 mm Hg) (P less than .001). The percentage of patients with an acute IOP elevation at 24 hours was also significantly reduced: carbachol 10% versus control 33% (P = .001). Carbachol's prolonged lowering of postoperative IOP may increase the safety of cataract surgery, particularly in patients with compromised optic nerves. PMID- 3230521 TI - Silicone intraocular lens resolution in air and in water. AB - The resolution efficiencies of 31 biconvex silicone intraocular lenses, ranging in power from 16.0 to 23.5 diopters, were tested in air and in water to see if a predictable relationship existed as previously reported with polymethylmethacrylate lenses. Resolution efficiency is defined as the percentage ratio of the actual resolving power of a lens to that of a perfect lens of the same focal length which is only limited in resolution by diffraction. The lenses ranged from 29% to 58% resolution efficiency in air. No lenses exhibiting multiple images were included. All 31 lenses achieved at least 73% resolution efficiency in water, and one lens achieved 82%. Based on these findings, a biconvex silicone lens that exceeds 30% resolution efficiency in air and does not produce multiple images can perform near its diffraction limit when implanted in the eye. PMID- 3230522 TI - Neodymium:YAG laser damage of intraocular lenses. AB - Intraocular lenses (IOLs) suitable for implantation were analyzed for the presence of refractile particles. These were found in lathe-cut and injection molded lenses from various manufacturers. A YAG laser was focused 2 mm beyond the IOLs in a special test chamber and fired through them. The IOLs were then analyzed for damage. A photographically documented study of six IOLs using Q switched and mode-locked lasers showed optical breakdown occurring within the IOLs; this was not clearly related to refractile particles. Optical breakdown did not occur in two IOLs with a similar number of refractile particles. Damage was seen with the mode-locked but not with the Q-switched laser. The optical breakdown occurred more frequently at high power (5.0 mJ) than at low power (1.2 mJ). PMID- 3230523 TI - Cataract, intraocular lens, and refractive surgery in 1987 with a forecast to 1995. PMID- 3230524 TI - Spontaneous enlargement of neodymium:YAG posterior capsulotomy in aphakic and pseudophakic patients. AB - Two cases of spontaneous enlargement of a neodymium:YAG posterior capsulotomy, involving an aphakic and a pseudophakic patient, are presented. Consequences and possible causality are discussed. PMID- 3230525 TI - In-the-bag posterior chamber lens implantation. AB - I designed a forceps for inserting intraocular lenses after cataract extraction and then studied the results of using this forceps in 122 cases. Seventy-eight percent of the IOLs were found to be successfully implanted in the capsular bag in 110 eyes examined up to 12 months after surgery. Visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 87% of patients. Postoperative complications were few and did not adversely affect visual acuity in the long term. PMID- 3230526 TI - Anterior capsulotomy by means of bipolar radio-frequency endodiathermy. AB - Anterior capsulotomy, a crucial step in extracapsular implant surgery, is performed by several methods. All must deal with the inherent capriciousness of the tense anterior capsule and so their precision is questionable. An anterior capsulotomy instrument that uses bipolar radio-frequency endodiathermy is described. The modulated high frequency current enables the surgeon to open the anterior capsule more accurately under controlled conditions. PMID- 3230527 TI - New irrigation/aspiration cannula for the superior capsular fornix. AB - A new double-barreled irrigation/aspiration (I/A) cannula is presented. It is a modification of the Simcoe I/A cannula and has proven useful for cortical cleanup in the superior capsular fornix. PMID- 3230528 TI - Uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction. PMID- 3230529 TI - Preoperative scleral rupture. PMID- 3230530 TI - New soft intraocular lens. PMID- 3230531 TI - Concerning haloperidol preoperatively. PMID- 3230532 TI - Risk factors for aphakic retinal detachment. PMID- 3230533 TI - Nucleus expression after capsulorhexis. PMID- 3230534 TI - Personal investment predictors of life satisfaction among physically active middle-aged and older adults. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the social psychological components of personal investment and life satisfaction among 85 middle-aged and older men and women participating in a structured exercise program. Specifically, we examined the degree to which personal incentives for exercise, perceptions of a sense of self, and the congruency between the exercise program and the participants' goals, predicted life satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the social psychological variables reflecting personal investment accounted for 52% of the variance for life satisfaction in physically active middle-aged and older adults. The personal investment theory is supported as a framework for investigating psycho-social predictors of situational outcomes such as life satisfaction. PMID- 3230535 TI - Impaired reception of nonverbal cues in women with premenstrual tension syndrome. AB - The ability to perceive nonverbal facial cues was tested in 30 White, middle class females. Pre- and post-menses responses of 15 subjects diagnosed as having Premenstrual Tension Syndrome (PMS) were compared to the responses of age-matched controls. Each subject was asked to interpret videotaped facial cues of individuals engaged in a gambling task. Interpretive ability fluctuated during the menstrual cycle and was significantly impaired during the premenstrual phase. PMID- 3230536 TI - A comparison of the psychoticism scale of the EPQ and the EPQ--R. PMID- 3230537 TI - Medical care of the newborn in England and Wales. Summary and recommendations of a report of the Royal College of Physicians. PMID- 3230538 TI - Occupational health today and tomorrow: a view from two shipyards. The Milroy lecture 1988. PMID- 3230539 TI - Increasing age--an important adverse prognostic factor in hepatitis A virus infection. PMID- 3230540 TI - Splinter haemorrhages: facts and fiction. PMID- 3230541 TI - The impact of guidelines in clinical outpatient practice. PMID- 3230543 TI - What is the surface marking of the deep inguinal ring? PMID- 3230542 TI - Doctors' and patients' perceptions of adverse drug reactions in a general medical and an anticoagulant clinic. PMID- 3230544 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy. A useful technique in patients with obstructive uropathy. PMID- 3230545 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood. Further case reports from Iraq. PMID- 3230546 TI - Musculoskeletal brucellosis in Saudia Arabia. PMID- 3230547 TI - Stab wounds of the trunk: a review of clinical experience. PMID- 3230548 TI - Soft tissue management of compound leg fractures: a 5-year experience. PMID- 3230549 TI - Sternal fracture: a benign injury? PMID- 3230550 TI - Intussusception: a surgical condition. PMID- 3230551 TI - Extraperitoneal intra-abdominal closure of colostomy. PMID- 3230552 TI - Colorectal carcinoma in patients under the age of 30 years: a review of 11 cases. PMID- 3230553 TI - Malignant change in perianal condylomata acuminata. PMID- 3230554 TI - Gastric transposition in transhiatal oesophagectomy: a new technique. PMID- 3230555 TI - The clinical and pathologic heterogeneity of feline alpha-mannosidosis. AB - Three Domestic Long-haired cats from a litter of five afflicted with alpha mannosidosis (alpha-mannosidosis) were studied clinically and pathologically. Many of these findings contrasted with those made previously in kittens with deficiency of alpha-mannosidase. In these cats, the clinical signs were generally milder, more slowly progressive, and did not include the prominent skeletal deformities, ocular abnormalities, or hepatomegaly that were reported in prior studies of Persian and Domestic Short-haired kittens. While the Domestic Long haired cats were spared the central nervous system (CNS) myelin deficiency, which was severe in the Persian but mild in the Domestic Short-haired cats, the extensive loss of Purkinje cells in their cerebellar cortices was without precedent. Additionally, ultrastructural study of the neuronal cytosomes showed a diversity not recorded in the earlier cases. The observed phenotypic heterogeneity was sufficient enough to consider separating feline alpha mannosidosis into severe, acute and milder, chronic forms in a manner analogous to the Type I and Type II distinctions made in infants and juveniles. PMID- 3230556 TI - Central nervous system infection associated with anaerobic bacteria in two dogs and two cats. AB - Central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by anaerobic bacteria (including Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Eubacterium) was diagnosed in two dogs and two cats. In one dog there was extensive meningomyeloencephalitis, presumably the result of hematogenous spread of bacteria from lung abscesses and bacterial endocarditis. Subdural empyema of unknown origin was found in a second dog and two cats. Clinical signs in all four animals included mental depression and focal neurologic deficits, without fever. PMID- 3230557 TI - Canine osteosarcoma. Treatment by amputation versus amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy using doxorubicin and cisplatin. AB - Osteosarcoma was diagnosed in 38 dogs. Thirty-six tumors originated from the appendicular skeleton and two from the axial skeleton. Nineteen of the dogs were treated with amputation alone, and 19 were treated with amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin and cisplatin. The 36 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma had complete amputation of the affected limb, whereas the two dogs with osteosarcoma of the axial skeleton had an en bloc resection. The mean survival of the 19 dogs treated with amputation alone was 218 days (median, 175 days). Ten dogs were alive at 6 months and four survived 1 year. None of the dogs survived longer than 16 months. Radiographic lesions consistent with metastatic osteosarcoma were seen after surgery in the nine dogs in which radiographs were taken. The mean survival of the 19 dogs treated with amputation and chemotherapy was 415 days (median, 300 days). Drug toxicity was not observed. Fifteen dogs were alive at 6 months, seven dogs were alive at 1 year, 5 dogs were alive at 2 years, and two dogs were alive at 3 years or longer. One dog is alive and well at 25 months. Radiographic lesions suggestive of metastatic osteosarcoma developed in the other 18 dogs. The 19 dogs treated with amputation and chemotherapy had significantly longer survival times than the dogs treated with amputation alone. PMID- 3230558 TI - Thoracic, abdominal, and vertebral actinomycosis. Diagnosis and long-term therapy in three dogs. AB - The clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and histologic features and the response to therapy in three dogs with actinomycosis are reported. One dog (dog 1) had a 12-cm nonresectable mass extending from the ventrolateral chest wall into the left ventricular myocardium. Another dog (dog 2) had a diffuse peritonitis with "sulfur granules" and two large masses. One of these masses was nonresectable involving adjacent abdominal structures. A third dog (dog 3) had a subvertebral mass at T1-3 producing quadraplegia. Two dogs had periosteal reactions involving adjacent sternebrae (dog 1) or ribs and vertebral bodies (dog 3) that are characteristic of Actinomyces spp infections. In dogs 1 and 2 the diagnosis was based on the morphologic and tinctorial properties of free sulfur granules and/or tissue granules. Culture results were variable. Tissue from dog 1 yielded no growth, while polymicrobial infections, which included Actinomyces spp, were identified in dogs 2 and 3. Actinomyces odontolyticus was isolated from dog 3. Although the actinomycotic granulomas were either not excised or only partially excised from dogs 1 and 2, both animals were cured by the oral administration of high doses of penicillin G for 19 and 6 months, respectively. Dog 3 responded dramatically to the same antibiotic therapy given for 5 months. However, within 4 months of discontinuing treatment an abscess and draining fistulous tracts developed in the left axillary region. Two surgical fistulectomies and additional penicillin therapy were required to cure this animal. These cases and the current veterinary and human literature on actinomycosis are used to propose a rational approach to the treatment of actinomycosis in the dog. PMID- 3230559 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid changes in two horses with central nervous system nematodiasis (Micronema deletrix). AB - Two horses with cerebrospinal nematodiasis (Micronema deletrix) had signs similar to those of other neurologic diseases resulting from parasitic (fly larvae, protozoa, or other helminths) migration through the central nervous system (CNS). In one horse (horse 1), a 13-year-old Paso Fino stallion, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was slightly xanthochromic (1+), with a pleocytosis (25 nucleated cells/microliter) and a normal protein level (69 mg/dl). A CSF differential cell count showed 15% neutrophils, 56% lymphocytes, 22% macrophages, 5% eosinophils, and 2% basophils. In the other horse (horse 2), a 19-year-old Tennessee Walking Horse stallion, the CSF was modestly xanthochromic (2+), with pleocytosis (81 nucleated cells/microliter) and a modestly elevated protein concentration (114 mg/dl). A CSF differential cell count showed 9% neutrophils, 41% lymphocytes, and 50% macrophages. The CSF changes were consistent with those described for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis and verminous encephalitis. The microscopic lesions in both brains contained multifocal areas of malacia and granulomatous inflammation. Meningeal vessels throughout the brain were greatly thickened and inflamed, and they contained parasites. The CSF changes were not specific and histopathologic examination was required for a definitive diagnosis. PMID- 3230560 TI - Chemotherapy versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy in the treatment of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma in the dog. AB - The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy and combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 22 dogs with advanced canine tonsillar carcinoma (World Health Organization [WHO], T2-3 primary tumor with infiltration into surrounding tissues) was evaluated. There were four treatment groups of at least five dogs each. Combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs reported to have activity against squamous cell carcinoma in humans and dogs (doxorubicin, cisplatin, vinblastine, and cyclophosphamide) were administered after tonsillectomy. Radiation therapy (orthovoltage type, external beam) was combined with chemotherapy in one treatment group. The dogs that had combination radiation therapy and chemotherapy had higher response rates and significantly longer survival times. However, most dogs died of progression of disease. PMID- 3230561 TI - The anticoagulant CPDA-1. PMID- 3230562 TI - Increased frequencies of Sm and nRNP autoantibodies in American blacks compared to whites with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Frequencies of autoantibodies to Sm, nRNP, Ro (SSA) and La (SSB) were determined by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and/or enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 106 whites and 60 blacks with systemic lupus erythematosus. Anti-Sm occurred significantly more frequently in blacks (25%) than whites (10%) (p = 0.02), as did anti-nRNP (40% versus 23%; p = 0.03). By CIE, anti-Sm and/or nRNP occurred in 47% of blacks and 24% of whites (p = 0.004), and by ELISA the Sm/nRNP complex was detected in 52% of blacks versus 26% of whites (p = 0.003). Antibodies to Ro and La occurred with equal frequencies between the races. PMID- 3230563 TI - Abnormalities in quadriceps-hamstring strength. Relationships in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. AB - Muscle strength determined as torque was measured in patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Patients demonstrated weakness in both quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups. The ratio of quadriceps to hamstring torque (Q:H) was 1.93 +/- 0.38 in controls and 1.60 +/- 0.62 in patients. Patients with Q:H ratios that were below this mean were older, weaker, and were treated with greater doses of prednisone. Fifty-six percent of patients studied initially had low Q:H ratios, and 64% of all patients had low Q:H ratios at some time. The Q:H ratio in patients with steroid and thyroid myopathy, however, was not different than controls. It is hypothesized, therefore, that preferential involvement of the quadriceps group characterizes patients with inflammatory muscle disease. PMID- 3230564 TI - Detection of the major rheumatoid factor cross-reactive idiotype precedes human IgG binding activity in a patient with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A patient with polyarthritis and subcutaneous nodules was studied for expression of rheumatoid factors (RF) by numerous techniques for 5 months after presentation. Assays for RF binding human or rabbit IgG in whole sera, assays for hidden RF binding human or rabbit IgG, and assays for expression of the major RF cross-reactive idiotype (RCRI) in whole sera or by pokeweed mitogen induced plasma cells were performed (PWM-PC). In this patient, increased expression of RCRI in sera and among PWM-PC preceded detectable RF binding human IgG, and paralleled hidden RF and RF binding rabbit IgG expression. PMID- 3230566 TI - Temporal arteritis: clinical aids to diagnosis. AB - From 1982 through 1987, 107 patients underwent temporal artery biopsy at the Lahey Clinic. In 29 patients, biopsy revealed temporal arteritis (TA). These patients had appreciably more jaw claudication, anemia, anorexia and a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) than patients whose temporal artery biopsy revealed negative findings. Certain clinical criteria and symptom clusters, which include jaw claudication, are highly specific for positive results on temporal artery biopsy. Length of arterial segment examined and previous corticosteroid therapy did not influence the results of temporal artery biopsy. TA should be confirmed histologically whenever possible. When results of biopsy are negative, patients fulfilling clinical criteria or having symptom clusters specific for TA should receive steroid treatment. PMID- 3230565 TI - Diagnostic value of the history and examination in giant cell arteritis: a clinical pathological study of 81 temporal artery biopsies. AB - To determine the value of the history and examination in predicting a temporal artery biopsy result, 81 temporal artery biopsies between 1974-1980 were studied. Each biopsy was scored blindly and independently by 2 pathologists and correlated with clinical data and the indications for biopsy at the time of the biopsy. Thirteen biopsies had giant cells and were considered positive, 8 had mononuclear inflammatory cells in the wall (7 cases) or healed arteritis (1 case) and were considered probable, and 60 were negative. In patients with an elevated sedimentation rate, the presence of a sign (tenderness or abnormal temporal artery), or a symptom (visual change or headache) predicted 18 of 21 (86%) positive-probable biopsies, but misclassified 32 of 60 negative biopsies. Attempts to derive a clinical decision rule with improved specificity resulted in unacceptably low sensitivity (missing 5 of 21 positive-probable biopsies). A minimum 5-year followup showed that those patients treated with steroids had a 6 fold increase in fractures and a 4-fold increase in cataracts. PMID- 3230567 TI - Serum antibodies against chondrocyte cell surface proteins in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Serum autoantibodies to cartilage cell surface proteins have been detected in the blood from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As tested by ELISA using plasma membrane vesicles as a substrate, patients with RA exhibited significantly elevated antibody titers, whereas titers were somewhat lower in OA, and only marginal in controls. The antibodies did not crossreact with plasma membranes from fibroblasts or epithelial cells, but showed interspecies crossreactivity towards chicken and rat cartilage cell surface proteins. A group of at least 9 distinct immunoreactive polypeptides could be characterized by Western blot analysis. These peptides had molecular weights of Mr28, 30, 38, 42, 66, 76, 78, 116, and 155 kD. The patients each expressed an individual pattern of reactive antibodies against these proteins. Autoantibody reactivity to cell surface associated collagen type II was also observed. PMID- 3230568 TI - In vitro effects of Nd:YAG laser radiation on cartilage metabolism. AB - Laser therapy is being increasingly applied in the treatment of diverse forms of arthritis without a firm scientific basis for its safety or efficacy. Our study in part addresses this issue by assessing the in vitro effect of Nd:YAG laser radiation on mature normal bovine articular cartilage metabolism. Normal pulsed mode delivery of defined energy levels could be shown to consistently upregulate cartilage proteoglycan, collagen, noncollagen protein and DNA synthesis in the absence of histologic or biochemical evidence of enhanced matrix catabolism. Laser induced repair could be shown biochemically in in vitro model systems of enzymatically mediated cartilage matrix depletion. Results suggest that Nd:YAG radiation applied directly at surgery or via arthroscopy may provide a potential means of effecting cartilage healing. Further studies are necessary to substantiate such usage. PMID- 3230569 TI - The role of metabolic factors and blood pressure in the association of obesity with osteoarthritis of the knee. AB - The role of systemic/metabolic factors in the association of obesity with knee osteoarthritis (OA) was analyzed using radiographic data, metabolic measures, and blood pressure for 3885 American adults aged 45-74 from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1975 (NHANES I). Obesity was associated with both bilateral and unilateral OA, but more strongly with bilateral OA. Controlling for age, sex, serum cholesterol, serum uric acid, diabetes, body fat distribution, and blood pressure did not significantly reduce the association between obesity and knee OA. Findings from these data are not supportive of a metabolic link between obesity and knee OA. PMID- 3230570 TI - Musculoskeletal symptoms related to arthropathy in patients receiving dialysis. AB - We evaluated musculoskeletal complaints related to arthropathy in 28 patients with end stage renal failure receiving maintenance dialysis. Twenty-three of 28 patients had arthritic complaints and 14 had an arthropathy. Six of 14 patients with arthropathy had a pattern resembling calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) disease, 4 patients had moderately severe osteoarthritis, 3 had calcific periarthritis, and 1 patient had acute arthritis with intermittent pain and swelling. Factors which predispose to metabolic arthropathies were observed as follows: 29% elevated ferritin; 39% history of hyperparathyroidism; 68% elevated parathormone; 54% hyperphosphatemia; 36% hypercalcemia, 29% HLA haplotypes A3, B7, or B14; and 60% hyperaluminemia. The arthropathy group had more abnormalities per patient (mean 3.6) than the group without arthropathy (mean 2.7) (p less than 0.05). Our data suggest that (1) arthritic complaints occur frequently in patients receiving dialysis; (2) arthropathy accounted for 61% of the complaints; (3) 43% of patients with arthropathy had CPPD-type; (4) renal osteodystrophy caused 17% of arthritic complaints; and (5) in patients receiving dialysis, there is a high incidence of metabolic abnormalities that are known to be associated with arthropathy. PMID- 3230572 TI - Pulse steroid therapy, rheumatoid arthritis and the Journal of Rheumatology. PMID- 3230571 TI - Gynecomastia as a complication of auranofin therapy. AB - Gynecomastia was found in a patient taking 12 mg of auranofin (AF) daily. The gynecomastia was noticed after AF was increased to this dose and resolved after the drug was discontinued. The patient refused rechallenge. PMID- 3230573 TI - Evaluation of synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3230574 TI - Hemoptysis secondary to respiratory tract telangiectasias in CREST syndrome. PMID- 3230575 TI - Vocal cord palsy in systemic sclerosis. PMID- 3230576 TI - Bee venom and adjuvant arthritis. PMID- 3230577 TI - Hemarthrosis and femoral head destruction in an adult diet faddist with scurvy. PMID- 3230578 TI - Dialysis arthropathy: the effect of age. PMID- 3230579 TI - Collagen binding activity in sera of patients with insulin-dependent (type 1) and non insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus. AB - An increase in the capacity of serum IgG to bind to native type IV collagen was observed in patients with both insulin-dependent and non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This increased binding seems to be due to circulating immune complexes in the majority of the cases and to autoantibodies in some. The increased collagen binding activity was associated in postpubertal patients with the presence of diabetic microangiopathy, suggesting a pathogenetic role. PMID- 3230580 TI - Age and lpr dependent induction of increased sensitivity to the toxic effects of lipopolysaccharide and indomethacin in MRL mice: evidence for RES activation during disease progression. AB - Injection of 4.5-6 month old female MRL-lpr/lpr mice with 200-250 micrograms lipopolysaccharide led to the death of the animals within two days. Treatment of age matched female control mice (MRL-+/+) or young (3 month) MRL-lpr/lpr mice did not lead to similar toxicity. However, pretreatment of young mice with the pyridine extract of residue of Corynebacterium parvum (alternatively designated Propionibacterium acnes) prior to lipopolysaccharide injection, led to the rapid death of 100% of the mice. Similarly, treatment of old MRL-lpr/lpr mice, or young mice pretreated with the C. parvum extract, with doses of indomethacin non-toxic to MRL-+/+ mice (5 mg/kg), led to 100% mortality. These results indicate that the presence of the lpr gene in MRL mice leads to an age-dependent induction of RES activation. Whether this RES activation is a result of the autoimmune diseases these animals exhibit or is a secondary sequelae of the lymphoproliferation associated with the lpr gene cannot be ascertained. However, the finding of increased sensitivity of old MRL-lpr/lpr mice to the toxic effects of indomethacin indicates that the RES activation occurring in these animals is similar to that observed previously in mice bearing the BCL1-leukemia or treated with C. parvum. PMID- 3230582 TI - Microinjection into the lateral ventricle: validation of the procedure in estrogen-treated ovariectomized cynomolgus monkey. AB - To demonstrate that microinjection into the lateral ventricle intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) of the brain of monkeys does not perturb normal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys were treated with a bolus of estradiol benzoate (E2beta) (To hours) and an i.c.v. injection of 100 microliters of saline solution at T-6 (group I: four monkeys) or at T+26 hours (group II: three monkeys). The lack of disturbance of the normal biphasic luteinizing hormone response to estrogen and low prolactin (PRL) concentrations allow us to conclude that this microinjection procedure did not disrupt normal endocrine events. PMID- 3230581 TI - Effects of different environmental enrichment devices on cage stereotypies and autoaggression in captive cynomolgus monkeys. AB - Autoaggression and stereotypies in individually housed cynomolgus monkeys were compared in a standard primate cage and an enriched playpen environment. Stereotypy and autoaggression were markedly reduced in the playpen, but reappeared on return to the home cage. Some of the various activities available in the playpen but not others engaged the animals' attention. PMID- 3230583 TI - Right ventricular myocardial infarction. PMID- 3230584 TI - Antenatal diagnosis for the clinician. PMID- 3230585 TI - Cellular oncogene expression in the idiopathic cardiomyopathic hamster heart during the growing process. AB - The expression of various proto-oncogenes was evaluated in the Syrian hamster with hereditary idiopathic cardiomyopathy. mRNA from the heart and aorta of controls (BIO-RB) and cardiomyopathic hamsters (UM-X7.1 strain, BIO 14.6 line) was tested using RNA hybridization techniques. Of the 19 different v-oncogene probes used in the study, only the v-myc probe revealed a substantially greater expression of oncogene in the 30th day of cardiomyopathic hamster heart than in control hamster heart. The amplified expression of c-myc was also observed in the heart of 1-year-old, but not of 7-day-old cardiomyopathic hamster. Overexpression of c-myc, otherwise associated with the regulation of cell differentiation or rapid growth, may relate to the pathological state or pathogenesis of the hereditary cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3230586 TI - A new method to study activated oxygen species induced damage in cardiomyocytes and protection by Ca2+-antagonists. AB - It has been proposed that oxygen derived free radicals contribute to reperfusion injury in ischemic tissue: radical induced lipid peroxidation is believed to cause membrane destruction, eventually evolving to cell death. A method is introduced which investigates the effect of exogenously generated reactive O2 species on isolated Ca2+-tolerant rat cardiomyocytes. Singlet oxygen (O2(1)), generated by photo-excitation of the photosensitive dye rose bengal, induced the transformation of elongated rod-shaped cells into hypercontracted rounded cardiomyocytes. These shape changes were prevented by removal of extracellular Ca2+ or by addition of radical scavengers. Pre-treatment with various classes of Ca2+-antagonists dose-dependently reduced the number of hypercontracted cardiomyocytes after exposure to O2(1). Compounds not active on the slow Ca2+ channel (e.g. flunarizine-like) provided a better degree of protection than the genuine slow Ca2+-channel blockers (e.g. dihydropyridines). Ultrastructurally, cardiomyocytes exposed to O2(1) showed a loss of cytochemically demonstrable sarcolemma-associated Ca2+ and the presence of clustered Ca2+-deposits in the mitochondria. Drug pre-treated cells displayed a Ca2+-distribution pattern comparable to unchallenged control cells. PMID- 3230587 TI - Determinants of cardiomyocyte development in long-term primary culture. AB - The influence of cell attachment to substrates and of medium composition on development of cardiomyocytes from adult rats in cultures up to 9 days old was investigated. Cardiomyocytes prevented from attaching to a culture substratum deteriorated within 3 days in medium 199 (M199) with or without fetal calf serum (FCS). Rapid attachment during the first 4 h after plating could be attained equally well on FCS or laminin coated surfaces. In M199 without FCS, attached cardiomyocytes on FCS coated dishes were able to retain their overall elongated morphology, but the number of cells remaining attached constantly decreased during the first 9 days in serum free culture. Attached on laminin the rate of loss from serum free cultures was lower. In the presence of 20% FCS, attached cardiomyocytes spread extensively after day 3, both on FCS and on laminin coated dishes. In serum containing media many cells pass through a spherical intermediate state before spreading extensively. Almost all cardiomyocytes cultured with 20% FCS on untreated tissue culture plastic gradually become spherical before attaching. With 20% FCS in culture media, the number of cells remaining in culture after 9 days was similar whether cells were rapidly attached to FCS treated or laminin coated substrata, or were plated on culture plastic, i.e., 52, 63, and 45% of the maximal number attached on day 1. By day 9 in all three culture types cells were spread and were beating spontaneously. These results indicate that adult cardiomyocytes do not establish in a stable morphological state in long-term cultures, in other than a surface attached spread cell form. For this stability the presence of yet unidentified components of fetal calf serum is required. PMID- 3230588 TI - Synchronous depletion of ATP in isolated adult rat heart cells. AB - We tested the hypothesis that isolated adult rat heart cells could be depleted of most of their ATP without undergoing contracture. Two strategies for ATP depletions were employed. First, cells were exposed to a high level of rotenone plus FCCP. The cells lost 90% of their ATP within 3 min without change in sarcomere length before undergoing contracture. Even though ATP levels were so low, glycolysis from glycogen was maximally activated at this time. Second, cells exposed to repeated cycles of acidic anoxia were depleted of 77% of their ATP without change in sarcomere length and remained rod-shaped when restored to normoxia and neutral pH. The hypothesis was thus confirmed. The results support the previously developed concept that ATP decline in cells can be synchronous, with a similar decline in all cells, or asynchronous, with a sudden decline in different cells at different times. Whether the decline is synchronous or asynchronous depends on the conditions of metabolic impairment. This concept can explain the pattern of ATP decline observed in whole hearts during ischemia, and also the mechanism by which glycolytic ATP appears to protect against contracture. PMID- 3230589 TI - [Observation of mast cells in adenoid liver tumors]. PMID- 3230590 TI - Ultrastructural study of cells in pseudolobules of the liver with experimental cirrhosis. PMID- 3230591 TI - Electrophysiological properties of neurons of guinea pig celiac ganglia. PMID- 3230593 TI - Bioavailability of iron in soybean and effect of enhancers in anemic rats. PMID- 3230592 TI - The effect of CuIUD on estradiol receptor in the endometrium of rat--an autoradiographic study. PMID- 3230594 TI - Left-sided contrast echocardiography with hydrogen peroxide--comparative effectiveness of pulmonary wedge injection by use of Swan-Ganz catheter and Cournand catheter. PMID- 3230596 TI - A registry for carbon monoxide poisoning in New York City. Hyperbaric Center Advisory Committee Emergency Medical Service, City of New York. AB - In 1983 the North American Hyperbaric Center (affiliated with Bronx Municipal Hospital Center) was designated to provide Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for carbon monoxide (CO) patients meeting Emergency Medical System (EMS) criteria: 1. Unconscious or CNS derangement, any carboxyhemoglobin level [( COHb]); 2. [COHb] 25% or more; 3. Pregnant, any [COHb]. Through 1984, 39 CO patients received HBO; in 1985 81 were treated including 8 pregnant and 16 pediatric. CO sources were: fire, 43; heater, 21; engine, 17. 42 of 59 acute patients were initially in coma; 16 required CPR. Time to HBO averaged 4.5 hrs. Mean hospital [COHb] was 31% for acute, 28% for subacute/chronic, 15% for pregnant; mean maximum [COHb] was estimated: 51% for acute, 40% for subacute/chronic patients. Mean half life for [COHb] was 2.1 hrs. HBO typically was 46 min at 3ATA (2 [COHb] half lives), presented few problems, and gave rapid clinical improvement. 13 of 19 patients comatose before HBO were responsive after HBO (mean [COHb] was 1.8%). Four pediatric deaths occurred; brain damage was noted in two other patients. EMS efforts to make HBO available for CO is a success. PMID- 3230595 TI - Anterior spinal artery ischemia syndrome--a possible complication following surgery for the correction of scoliosis. PMID- 3230597 TI - Distribution of oral 4-methylpyrazole in the rat: inhibition of elimination by ethanol. AB - 4-Methylpyrazole (4-MP), a potent competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase activity, is being studied as a therapeutic agent for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning. In order to evaluate the distribution of 4-MP using doses in the potentially therapeutic range, male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 4 MP orally at zero time in doses of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg. Half of the rats were also treated orally at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h with ethanol (1 g/kg each h) and half with glucose in isocaloric amounts. At doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg, 4-MP elimination appeared to be saturated, with an elimination rate of 10 mumol/L/h. Elimination at 5 mg/kg was non-conclusive as to the order. The rate of 4-MP elimination was decreased about 50% by concomitant administration of ethanol. Urinary excretion of unchanged 4-MP accounted for only about 1% of the dose; the amount excreted unchanged was significantly increased by ethanol administration. The results demonstrate the mutual inhibition of metabolism by ethanol and 4-methylpyrazole, which may explain why the inhibition of ADH by 4-MP can be longer than that predicted by the elimination rate of 4-MP alone. PMID- 3230598 TI - Chronic fluoride toxicity: a scanning electron microscopic study of duodenal mucosa. AB - The effects of chronic fluoride toxicity on duodenal mucosa of rabbits were investigated using scanning electronmicroscope on materials obtained from rabbits subjected to oral administration of sodium fluoride at the dose of 10 mg/kg body weight per day for a period of 24 months. Significant morphological abnormalities were observed in the mucosa of all the fluoride treated animals [n = 9] when compared to that of control rabbits. The surface of the microvilli of duodenal epithelium revealed a "cracked-clay" appearance in fluoride treated rabbits. Besides, abrasion on the villus surface due to epithelial cell degeneration was also noticed. Mucus probably coating the degenerated cells formed strands over the villi in fluoride treated animals. PMID- 3230599 TI - Hepatotoxicity due to Atractylis gummifera-L. AB - The authors describe an intoxication by Atractylis gummifera in a 7-year old boy who drunk an extract made from the plant's root as traditional medicine. He was admitted to the Hospital 2 days after ingestion, in coma stage II, with epigastric pain, vomiting and general anxiety. Laboratory findings showed severe hepatocellular damage and acute renal failure. In spite of all treatment and therapeutic efforts, the boy died 8 days after admission. A postmortem histopathological study of the liver confirmed the panlobular hepatic necrosis and allowed the differential diagnosis of the intoxication from Reye syndrome. PMID- 3230600 TI - Subset of systemic lupus erythematosus with late onset. PMID- 3230601 TI - Effects of non-pathological factors on brain stem auditory evoked potentials in rats. PMID- 3230602 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3230603 TI - [An evaluation of endodontic therapy cases. Part I--Etiology]. PMID- 3230605 TI - Computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction of the singular nerve. AB - Advances in computer technology have made it possible for detailed and accurate three-dimensional images of complex anatomical structures to be reconstructed from serial histologic sections. This technique is useful in visualizing the morphologic nature and relationships between many intratemporal structures. In this paper, the three-dimensional anatomy of the singular nerve was examined by means of a three-dimensional computer reconstruction. Future applications for this technique are discussed. PMID- 3230604 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of cefixime. PMID- 3230606 TI - Stratum corneum morphology in the human tympanic membrane and external auditory meatus. AB - This report documents the spatial architecture of corneocytes in the human tympanic membrane and external auditory meatus. Using specimens of tympanic membrane and meatal skin dissected from fresh cadaveric temporal bones, the structure of the stratum corneum was investigated by the techniques of scanning electron microscopy and silver staining of epidermal sheets. An ordered vertical architecture was demonstrated in the skin obtained from both bony and cartilaginous portions of the auditory meatus, whereas the corneocytes of the tympanic membrane were randomly distributed. This orderly cellular configuration is a feature of the non-migratory skin of lower mammals, and some areas of human skin, but has not been previously reported to occur in the human external auditory meatus. The implication of these findings in terms of lateral epithelial migration is that in the external auditory meatus in order to maintain a vertically aligned structure the stratum corneum must move as one layer, being passively transported above the deeper epidermal layers in which migration occurs. In the tympanic membrane, however, net epithelial dispersion occurs by random insertion of new cells into a pavement-like layer of corneocytes. PMID- 3230607 TI - Repair of the wounded guinea pig tympanic membrane: organization of filamentous actin and spatial cellular reorganization. AB - Since the role of the epithelial cell in the repair of the wounded tympanic membrane is not well understood, the epithelial cell layers were examined using rhodamine phalloidin to localize F-actin in situ following a full-thickness traumatic perforation. The change in shape of the epithelial cells and the morphological changes in F-actin were characterized. The mucosal cells were remarkably resistant to wounding and their morphology and F-actin distribution remained unchanged. Within 24 hours following perforation, basal cells were prominently stained adjacent to the perforation, whereas the remainder of the drum showed fainter staining similar to non-wounded drums. The basal cells showed a minor shape change in the direction of movement of the surface keratin. By three days, the dense peripheral F-actin staining of basal cells was prominent throughout the entire drum. The suprabasal cells demonstrated a marked shape change by 24 hours following the injury. The normal cobblestone pattern disappeared and cells elongated and were aligned towards the perforation. This occurred first adjacent to the perforation, and by three days re-orientation was present over the entire tympanic membrane. A few fine stress fibers appeared in the suprabasal cells. Histological and electron microscopic evaluation of the areas away from the perforation did not, however, show inflammation or disruption. By one week these changes were resolving and by two weeks the drum, with the exception of the cells in the area of the healed perforation, had returned to normal. The results are discussed with respect to the role of the various cell types in the migratory aspect of tympanic membrane wound repair. PMID- 3230608 TI - Conservative management of Tumarkin's otolithic crisis. AB - Tumarkin's otolithic crisis (TOC), characterized by a sudden drop attack without accompanying loss of consciousness, vertigo or autonomic signs, is a rare phenomenon thought to be of peripheral origin and associated with late-stage Meniere's disease. The purpose of this paper is to describe the clinical course of TOC in our series; to discuss the relationship between TOC and the onset and symptomatology of pre-existent Meniere's disease, and to determine the management of patients with TOC. PMID- 3230609 TI - Use of the modified barium swallow in the rehabilitation of the swallowing mechanism. AB - Swallowing is a rapid, dynamic and complex process. Surgical treatment of head and neck malignancies produces significant alterations in the swallowing mechanism. The modified barium swallow allows assessment of these physiologic and anatomic derangements in the postoperative patient. Small amounts of liquid barium, barium paste and a cookie coated with barium are ingested by the patient and the swallowing mechanism is recorded by videofluoroscopy. Unlike the routine barium swallow in which only the esophageal stage of swallowing is studied, using the modified barium swallow all four stages of swallowing are studied with particular emphasis on the oral and pharyngeal stages. Our experience with the modified barium swallow has shown it to be a valuable adjunct in the rehabilitation of the post-surgical patient allowing the otolaryngologist and speech pathologist to identify and modify swallowing abnormalities. Presentation of specific swallowing mechanism deficits as demonstrated using the modified barium swallow will be shown and appropriate therapeutic interventions discussed. PMID- 3230610 TI - The role of surgery in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule. AB - A retrospective analysis of 61 patients who were treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule is presented. The general policy was to treat these carcinomas with radiation therapy, in view of the perception that this leads to a more acceptable cosmetic result. The primary nasal carcinoma was treated by surgery in five patients and by radiation in 56 patients. Surgical salvage of recurrent carcinoma in the nasal vestibule was performed without complications in 12 patients and resulted in local control in seven. Regional node metastases present at the time of diagnosis in two patients were not controlled by combined radiation and surgery. Late-developing regional node metastases were successfully managed by node dissection in three of four patients. The policy of initial treatment of the primary tumor by radiation, reserving surgery for the management of residual or metastatic cancer, resulted in good control rates and cosmesis. PMID- 3230611 TI - Plasma cell tumors of the head and neck. AB - This communication discusses seven cases of plasma cell tumors isolated to the head and neck and reviews the pertinent literature. Five of the cases presented were located in the nasal passages and the paranasal sinuses, one in the temporal bone and one in the mandible. Because these neoplasms may signal the presence of multiple myeloma, full evaluation is required to exclude disseminated disease. Thereafter, the treatment of choice is high-dose radiotherapy with life-long follow-up. Radiographs and paraprotein levels may be used to assess tumor control or dissemination. Should new lytic lesions occur, or an elevation in paraprotein levels be noted, consideration should be given to further irradiation or systemic chemotherapy. Surgery is reserved exclusively for diagnostic purposes or when severe functional disability intervenes. PMID- 3230612 TI - Personal experience with an alternate incision for parotidectomy. AB - The paramount consideration in incision for parotidectomy is adequate exposure to facilitate preservation of the facial nerve and complete excision of a tumor, if present. The classic incision passed through the anterior neck, leaving a scar which is readily apparent and of considerable concern to some patients. Presented here is a modification of the rhytidectomy incision to allow for wide and good exposure of the operative field, while at the same time leaving scars which are much more acceptable. Allowance is made to add to or modify the incision as necessary, depending on the position of tumor and extent of required resection. Examples of the use of the incision are presented, demonstrating both the degree of operative exposure and postoperative cosmetic appearance. PMID- 3230613 TI - Morphological alterations of salivary gland parenchyma in chronic sialadenitis. AB - Ten cases of chronic nonspecific sialadenitis of the parotid and submandibular glands were studied by a combination of immunohistochemistry (to detect cytoplasmic filaments), morphometry, and electron microscopy in order to assess histological modifications that might reflect on the concepts for the induction of neoplasia in these glands. Histologically, the gradual atrophy of the glandular parenchyma results in the presence of many small ductules. Although structural alterations were apparent at all levels of the secretory/excretory glandular components, and in all types of cells, the fact that many such ductules resulted from gradual dedifferentiation of acinar cells was a major finding. The results suggest that no cell-type in salivary gland can be excluded as having a potential for neoplastic transformation and that the basis for the currently held reserve cell hypothesis is likely incorrect. PMID- 3230614 TI - Superiorly based osteoplastic flap for frontal sinus disease. AB - The osteoplastic flap is a widely used technique as an approach to frontal sinus disease. All current textbooks describe the technique with basing the flap inferiorly along the orbital rim and across the naso-frontal suture line. Since 1977, we have had occasion to base the flap superiorly in eight cases with good results. We feel that the superiorly based flap is ideally indicated in unilateral disease, particularly in the balding male, where a coronal incision would be very obvious. It is also a more direct approach. The skin incision itself can be parallel to the brow or almost identical to a blepharoplasty incision. After the floor of the frontal sinus has been removed (as in a Lynch or Howarth approach), cuts in the anterior wall of the frontal sinus are made under direct vision, and the bone is fractured at the superior extent of the sinus. This is certainly quicker and simpler than the standard approach, where a template is required. The risks of CSF leak are greatly diminished. The surgeon has the option of obliterating the sinus, removing the intersinus septum, or creating a mucoperiosteal flap. Details of the technique and two illustrative cases are presented. PMID- 3230616 TI - The tissue expander syringe: an aid to liposuction surgery. PMID- 3230615 TI - Dairy products containers as a source of unusual esophageal foreign bodies. AB - Seven patients were treated during a period of three years in the Otolaryngology department of Tel-Aviv Medical Centre, Israel, for the ingestion of a strange, previously unknown foreign body. The objects had been inadvertently swallowed while eating certain dairy products such as yogurt or sour cream. This rigid, sharp pointed plastic object is a waste product which is punched out from the production line of the foods and their containers. The plastic object is radiolucent and, therefore, difficult to identify on standard roentgenograms. Fluoroscopic examination with a contrast medium was needed for its demonstration. Five patients underwent rigid esophagoscopy under general anesthesia for removal of the foreign body. In two other cases the object was extracted from the piriform sinus under topical anesthesia. This unusual foreign body, although uncommon, poses a potential medical hazard. A high index of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis when a patient presents with a history of foreign body ingestion while eating dairy products of soft consistency. PMID- 3230617 TI - Caution on use of merthiolate in the ear. PMID- 3230619 TI - "High tech" metabolic measurements: useful in daily clinical practice? AB - Metabolic carts (MC) for indirect calorimetry are expensive, require the use of meticulous technique by trained personnel, and impose conditions that are difficult to maintain in critically ill patients. Of 822 nutrition teams surveyed, 101 of 420 respondents had MC, and 47 were considering purchase. Forty one with MC never used them, and of the remaining 60 users, two-thirds performed fewer than 10 measurements per month, citing calibration difficulties and clinical problems as frequent limiting factors. Sixty-one% of users had no protocol for MC use. Although 95% of users would alter energy input, and 78% would modify nonprotein substrate based on MC results, 43% found O2 consumption and 33% found CO2 production significantly different from expected values. Five noted extremely inconsistent results with MC. Because of frequent dissatisfaction by MC owners due to expense, repairs, calibration difficulties, and technical limitations in critically ill patients most likely to benefit, and a 40% nonuse among teams with MC, MC do not seem to be a justifiable investment for most clinical nutrition practices, unless a suitable commitment is also made to provide skilled personnel, to institute protocols, and to implement frequent use. PMID- 3230618 TI - Anabolic steroids support postoperative gut/liver amino acid metabolism. AB - The effects of an anabolic steroid (nandrolone decanoate, 5 mg/kg) on postoperative splanchnic fuel metabolism were studied in order to gain further understanding of the regulation of the altered gut/liver amino acid metabolism that occurs following catabolic illness. In addition to studying glutamine and alanine, which together transport 60% of whole blood amino acid nitrogen, we determined the fluxes of glutamate and glucose across the gastrointestinal tract and liver in 12 postoperative dogs. Substrate exchange (flux) was calculated by multiplying bloodflow by the arterial-venous concentration difference for each substrate. Arterial glutamine, glutamate, and alanine were significantly increased in dogs receiving the anabolic steroid (AS) compared to control animals (p less than 0.05). Intestinal bloodflow was unchanged, but gut glutamine uptake doubled in dogs receiving steroids (1.4 +/- 0.3 mumol/kg/min in controls vs 2.8 +/- 0.7 in AS, p less than 0.05). Simultaneously, gut alanine release was augmented by 100% in dogs receiving steroids (p less than 0.05). Control dogs demonstrated net glutamate release by the gut, while dogs treated with the anabolic steroid demonstrated glutamate balance (p less than 0.05). Liver bloodflow remained unchanged in AS dogs, but hepatic alanine uptake nearly tripled (p less than 0.01) and hepatic glucose production increased by 60% (p less than 0.05). Anabolic steroids appear to support postoperative splanchnic fuel metabolism by increasing blood amino acid levels, enhancing gut/liver amino acid uptake and processing, and augmenting hepatic gluconeogenesis. PMID- 3230620 TI - Catastrophic weight loss after vertical banded gastroplasty: malnutrition and neurologic alterations. AB - The case of a patient with severe vomiting and very rapid weight loss following vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) (almost 50% of original weight in 11 months) and who suffered severe neurological and nutritional disorders is reported. All abnormal findings with the exception of nystagmus, disappeared during enteral nutritional support with a complete diet and vitamin supplementation. The alterations found in this case may have been related to the very rapid weight loss, which resulted in protein calorie malnutrition and, probably, in one or more vitamin deficiencies. This complication may be preventable by early nutritional intervention in subjects undergoing gastric reduction surgery and who exhibit very rapid weight loss and intractable vomiting. PMID- 3230621 TI - A method to prevent unintentional removal of a Hickman catheter. PMID- 3230623 TI - [Present status and problems of monitoring in ICU]. PMID- 3230622 TI - Amino acids and ketoanalogues. PMID- 3230624 TI - [EEG analysis of high-dose fentanyl anesthesia--a comparison with NLA]. PMID- 3230625 TI - [The usefulness of buprenorphine 0.05 mg as a supplemental drug for enflurane anesthesia in patients from forties to seventies]. PMID- 3230626 TI - [Evaluation of endogenous leucine enkephalin like substance in human cerebrospinal fluid--Part 2]. PMID- 3230627 TI - [The relation between the onset time of sympathetic nerve blockade and that of analgesia in epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 3230628 TI - [Effect of pH-adjustment and concentration of local anesthetics on the onset of epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 3230629 TI - [Acute angle-closure glaucoma after general anesthesia]. PMID- 3230631 TI - [Sick sinus syndrome diagnosed preoperatively by holter ECG in a patient with abdominal aneurysm]. PMID- 3230630 TI - [Transient left bundle branch block during ophthalmic surgery under local anesthesia]. PMID- 3230632 TI - [Anesthetic management of a patient with prader disease (congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia]. PMID- 3230633 TI - [Prophylactic use of oral dantrolene for spinal anesthesia in a patient with susceptible malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 3230634 TI - [The radiosensitivities of human neuroblastoma in vitro--a comparison of three cell lines]. AB - The radiation response of three human neuroblastoma cell lines (GOTO, NB1M, and SINCG) has been studied in vitro, using single cells both in the exponentially proliferative and the plateau phases. The endpoint used was clonogenic cell survivals. Cell survival curves, obtained from all cell lines, were characterized by small D0 values (0.4-0.55 Gy). However, only the GOTO cells showed the lack of a shoulder in the survival curve, whereas the other cell lines, especially the SJNCG, showed a broad sized shoulder. Delayed assay experiments with SJNCG cells showed larger repairs of potentially lethal damage, both in the exponentially proliferative and plateau phases, in contrast to GOTO cells. Further, the cell capacity for a split dose recovery was greater in SJNCG cells than in the GOTO cells. It has been said that hyperfractionation radiotherapy might be a better treatment for a neuroblastoma than the conventional therapy, however, we would suggest that a modification of the radiotherapy schedule ought to depend on the type of cells, because there are cells which show broad shoulder curves and a strong capacity for repair. PMID- 3230635 TI - [Metastatic calcification associated with malignancy]. AB - From 1975 to 1986, 15 cases (2%) of metastatic calcification associated with an underlying malignancy were found in a review of 702 autopsied cases with histories of malignancy. These underlying malignancies included 7 cases of lung cancer, 6 cases of malignant lymphoma, one case of breast cancer, and one of urinary bladder cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma was of the histological type most often associated with metastatic calcification in lung cancer, and ATL in malignant lymphoma. Hypercalcemia was found in 10 (83%) out of cases, and almost all were accompanied by renal dysfunction. Calcium deposits were most frequently observed in the kidneys and the lungs. It has been suggested that metastatic calcification in the lungs and kidneys of a patient with a history of malignancy showing hypercalcemia is sometimes accompanied by respiratory and renal dysfunction, causing the patient's condition to deteriorate. PMID- 3230637 TI - [Long-term survivors in patients with esophageal cancer treated with radiation]. AB - Of 80 patients with esophageal cancer treated with radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy during the past 8 years, 5 patients have survived for more than three years. Their X-ray findings revealed that of these cancers were the serrated type, 1 a tumorous type, 1 a spiral type, and 1 a funnel type. The sites of the primary tumor were Im in 3, Ei Im in 1, and Ei in 1. The length of the primary tumor ranged from 3 to 5 cm. The given radiation dose was 50 to 70 Gy. Our findings suggest that in such cases where the tumor length is 5 cm or less, that cancers sited in the Im or Ei regions and of the radiological serrated or tumorous type are candidates for curative irradiation. PMID- 3230638 TI - [A clinico-pathological study regarding the incidence of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (ICI) in cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma]. AB - Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (ICI) in 38 cases of thyroid papillary carcinomas have been studied as to the relationship between the frequency of ICI and the clinical, histological, and cytological findings of the carcinoma. ICI were present in all cases. The frequency of ICI in the cases studied ranged from +/- (one per several fields) to ? (more than ten per one field), using a microscope of 400 magnifications, and from 1.3% to 11.6% (mean value: 3.9%) of the nuclei of the carcinomas. The frequency of ICI was found to be influenced by the state of the nuclear chromatin and pleomorphism, but was not influenced by the papillary or follicular tumor growth. The relationship between the frequency of ICI and the tumor size and the existence of lymph-nodes metastasis, however, was not clarified. PMID- 3230636 TI - [Frequent occurrences of an enlarged submandibular gland following interstitial irradiation therapy in patients with cancer of the tongue]. AB - A submandibular gland enlargement produces complications in the diagnosis of a nodal metastasis during the follow-up period in patients who have been given interstitial irradiation therapy for their oral cancers. Thus, a retrospective study has been made of the records of such affected patients, to accumulate knowledge regarding the frequency, the time of appearance, and the symptoms leading to the gland enlargement. Among 155 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, 73 cases were selected for this study by the following criteria: (1) the patients were free of metastatic adenopathy, (2) they had been interstitially irradiated, and, (3) they were followed-up without surgical treatment for more than 6 months after the radiotherapy. Gland enlargement was found to have developed in 70% of the studied patients, that is, in 49 of the 73 cases within 9 months after radiotherapy. PMID- 3230639 TI - [The relationship between thermotolerance and the tissue oxygen tension in human gastric cancer tissue]. AB - To study the relationship between thermotolerance and post-thermal phenomenon, tumor pO2 (TpO2) in xenoplanted gastric cancer tissue (H-23) has been measured by a polarographic method. The heat treatment was done in a water bath at 43.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C for 23 minutes. In order to produce thermotolerance, the second treatment was carried out at an interval of 24 hours, or, alternatively at 72 hours, or at 5 days or at 7 days. The thermotolerance of the H-23 tumor reached its maximum at the 72 hour-interval and was seen to disappear completely at 7 days. The TpO2 in the H-23 tumor decreased immediately after a single heat treatment and returned to its pre-treated value after 10 hours. In cases of the second heat treatment, the 72-hour interval group returned to its pre-treated value in 2-6 hours, whereas the 24-hour, 5-day, and 7-day interval groups showed a longer recovery time. The relationship between thermotolerance and TpO2 recovery was inverse at r = -0.858 and p = 0.035. Thus, our study suggests that not only is the thermotolerance affected by the alteration of the intra-cellular components, but also by the post-thermal changes in the tumor vessels. PMID- 3230640 TI - [The pathogenesis of perineural tumor invasion--a computer reconstruction study on its relation with a lymphatic spread in human and experimental carcinomas of the bile duct]. AB - The way in which tumors reach the perineural space of the nerves from adjacent tissues has been studied by a computer 3-D reconstruction of a bile duct wall invaded by a carcinoma, from the case histories of two patients with a bile duct carcinoma and from rabbits given a VX2 tumor that had been transplanted. It was found that while carcinomas readily grew along the perineural spaces in an axial direction these carcinomas also had, simultaneously, abundant connections with tumors growing outside, especially with lymphatic tumors. Thus it was likely that tumors reach the distant nerves mainly via this lymphatic connection, i.e., first forming satellite lymphogenous foci around the nerves and then, as a second step, breaking into the perineural space. PMID- 3230641 TI - [Refractory anemia showing excess of blasts (BAEB) that transformed into acute myelogenous leukemia (AML-M2) with a t (?8;20) chromosomal abnormality]. AB - In April, 1985, a 60-year-old Japanese male was diagnosed as having refractory anemia with an excess of blasts (RAEB). He thus was treated solely with blood transfusions until June, 1986, when a new diagnosis revealed that his illness had been transformed into acute myelogenous leukemia (M2). Chromosome analysis at the initial diagnosis had revealed a normal male karyotype. When the subsequent diagnosis of AML was made, however, a chromosomal abnormality [46, XY, -20, +der (20) t (?8;20) (q22;p13)] was detected. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in patients evidencing a karyotypic alteration from the initial karyotypic findings progresses in severity that includes overt leukemia, and results in a shorter survival than in patients who show no further karyotypic changes. Therefore, the prognosis of patients with MDS can be predicted more accurately by subsequently reanalyzing their chromosomes after the initial analysis, as well as by examining their peripheral blood/counts, and by monitoring bone marrow cytology. PMID- 3230643 TI - [Experimental protoporphyria induced by griseofulvin. II. Effects of cholic acid ingestion in griseofulvin-induced protoporphyria mice]. PMID- 3230642 TI - [A case of hypercalcemia with ovarian carcinoma]. AB - A 45-year-old female manifested lower abdominal fullness and symptoms of hypercalcemia with nausea, vomiting, and thirst. Physical examination showed a right ovarian mass and laboratory data demonstrated hypercalcemia (14.6 mg/dl). The radiographic findings confirmed a right ovarian tumor without any evidence of bone metastasis. Tests revealed that her PTH, nephrogenic urinary cyclic AMP, and 1-25 (OH)2 Vitamin D were not high but that her prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was elevated. After correction of her calcium elevation with infusion and prednisolone, right oophorectomy with tumor excision was performed. A histological examination of the tumor revealed a mucinous cysto-adenocarcinoma. The postoperative course has been uneventful, with normal calcium and PGE2 values. This case illustrates that hypercalcemia associated with an ovarian carcinoma (Malignancy-associated hypercalcemia) can be mediated by the patient's PGE2 in part. PMID- 3230644 TI - [Sialic acid of normal human skin and skin tumors--histochemical studies using sialic acid specific lectin Limax flavus agglutinin]. PMID- 3230645 TI - [Immunohistochemical studies on localization of CA 19-9 in normal human skin and tumors of the sweat apparatus]. PMID- 3230646 TI - [Analysis of clinical data from atopic dermatitis by database system, ADOS]. PMID- 3230647 TI - [Sympathetic catecholaminergic nerve fibers in an arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 3230648 TI - [Significance of low serum creatine phosphokinase level in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3230649 TI - [Study of dry skin in chronic dialysis patients: analysis of skin surface hydration, transepidermal water loss and the skin surface structure]. PMID- 3230650 TI - [Glycosaminoglycan pooling in cultured human cutaneous fibroblasts: effect of donor age]. PMID- 3230651 TI - [A new technique for measuring trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL)]. PMID- 3230652 TI - [Morphological changes in sebaceous glands with aging in females: microcomputer graphic analysis and electron microscopic investigation]. PMID- 3230653 TI - [Histologic characteristics of pigmented macular region of primary malignant melanoma on the sole: histopathologic model of malignant melanoma in situ on the sole]. PMID- 3230654 TI - [Effects of royal jelly and 10-hydroxy decenoic acid on the sebaceous glands of hamster ear]. PMID- 3230655 TI - [Anaphylactoid purpura and Streptococcus sanguis--culture medium of Streptococcus sanguis induce C3c binding activity on vascular endothelial cells]. PMID- 3230656 TI - [Skin responses to histamine and compound 48/80 in cases with refractory atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 3230657 TI - [Panic state of the patient and the role of the midwife to support her]. PMID- 3230658 TI - [Nursing of a patient who repeatedly complains of pain during labor: interactions between a primigravida and a student midwife]. PMID- 3230659 TI - [Avoidance of a panic state by the expectant patient: reflections on cases and a thought on nursing activities]. PMID- 3230661 TI - [Perinatal care of an HIV carrier]. PMID- 3230660 TI - [Perinatal care of a patient in a panic state: use of the result of determination of labor progression]. PMID- 3230662 TI - [My personal experience in delivery in England. 2. The middle and last stages of pregnancy: mothers' classes and home visits by a midwife]. PMID- 3230663 TI - [Opinion leaders in Europe and the United States. 6. Ms. Suzanne Arms, a photographer in California campaigning for liberation of childbirth. Interview by S. Kikuchi]. PMID- 3230665 TI - [Training of midwifery students. An essay]. PMID- 3230664 TI - [Continuous monitoring of fetal movements in a single patient]. PMID- 3230666 TI - [Ainu midwifery technics practiced by Ms. Aiko. 20. Her amazing ability in diagnosis]. PMID- 3230667 TI - [Counseling in midwifery. 8. Sympathetic understanding]. PMID- 3230668 TI - [For more effective professional education. 20. Educational methodology. 1]. PMID- 3230669 TI - [Rupture of the renal artery during pregnancy]. PMID- 3230670 TI - [Pregnancy toxemias which are limited to humans: etiology and prevention of pregnancy toxemias based on comparative zoology]. PMID- 3230671 TI - [My experience in delivery in England. 3. Wonderful pamphlets on pregnancy, delivery and child rearing]. PMID- 3230672 TI - [Ainu midwifery technics practiced by Ms. Aiko. U-tek-anhi, Ainu philosophy]. PMID- 3230673 TI - [Introduction of personal computers to perinatology. Clinical application. 9. In search of medical computers allowing smooth operation]. PMID- 3230674 TI - [Happiness in studying together with midwifery students. An essay by a midwifery instructor]. PMID- 3230675 TI - [For more effective professional education. 20. Educational methodology]. PMID- 3230676 TI - [Counseling in midwifery. 9. Listening to the patient beyond the need for evaluation]. PMID- 3230679 TI - [Health education of mothers. From education of expectant mothers and education in preparation for childbirth]. PMID- 3230678 TI - [The starting point in health education of expectant mothers: a reflection on the classes held by Miss Mathison]. PMID- 3230680 TI - [Health education of expectant mothers. Lively round table sessions: a class held at Hokkaido University Hospital]. PMID- 3230677 TI - [A new record (10 days) in maintaining a fetus in an artificial uterus]. PMID- 3230681 TI - [Health education of expectant mothers. Cheerful sessions held at Yamaguchi Prefectural Central Hospital]. PMID- 3230682 TI - [Health education for expectant mothers. For the happiness of mothers and babies: classes held at Nagahashi Obstetric Clinic]. PMID- 3230683 TI - [Organization of effective health education for expectant mothers. Organization of classes based on the local needs: classes held at Nagaokakyo-shi]. PMID- 3230684 TI - [Organization of effective health education for expectant mothers. Efforts to nurture positive attitudes in mothers: efforts at the classes for expectant mothers]. PMID- 3230685 TI - [Discussion: advantages and disadvantages of male midwives]. PMID- 3230686 TI - [An electron microscopic study of focal and segmental lesions in glomeruli]. PMID- 3230687 TI - [Effects of a selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor, OKY-046, on proteinuria of aminonucleoside nephrotic rats]. PMID- 3230688 TI - [The urinary excretion of NAG and the renal function after renal ischemia]. PMID- 3230689 TI - [The nutritional assessment in hemodialyzed patients, related to dietary protein intake]. PMID- 3230690 TI - [The scanning electron microscopical study on plastic models of glomerular vascular system--on autopsy cases]. PMID- 3230691 TI - [A clinical survey of urinary calculi in terms of stone compositions]. PMID- 3230692 TI - [IgA nephropathy complicated by pre-eclamptic focal glomerular sclerosis]. PMID- 3230693 TI - [A study of bone metabolism in hemodialysis patients. I. Correlation with bone histology and serum levels of PTH, vitamin D metabolites, and vitamin A]. PMID- 3230694 TI - [A case of nephrotic syndrome accompanied with cholesterol granuloma]. PMID- 3230696 TI - [Nursing theory. 35. On Orem's nursing theory. [1] Everyone has the capacity to be involved in self-care]. PMID- 3230695 TI - [The era of home care: the emergence of a welfare service and nursing profession]. PMID- 3230697 TI - [Terminal care in harmony with the local history and culture]. PMID- 3230698 TI - [Terminal care--reflection on the care at home]. PMID- 3230699 TI - [Daily activities and final moments of aged patient at home: interaction with the patient]. PMID- 3230700 TI - [Difference between the terminal care in Japan and in the United States with special reference to medical ethics and home care]. PMID- 3230701 TI - [Economic and qualitative aspects of terminal care. Interview with Dr. Akira Sato. Director, Hakujuji Clinic]. PMID- 3230702 TI - [Efficacy of overnight home stay by terminal patients]. PMID- 3230703 TI - [Understanding physiopathology, a knowledge useful in patient care: a discussion preceding a series on the "mechanism of the development of various symptoms"]. PMID- 3230705 TI - [An organization of breast cancer patients. 9. A thought on its 10th anniversary]. PMID- 3230704 TI - [JJN hotline. For nursing of incontinent patients. Studies of incontinence nursing as a nursing subspecialty]. PMID- 3230706 TI - [Experience of a nursing instructor as a patient. 9. The patient and flowers]. PMID- 3230707 TI - [Welfare and medical care in the aging society. 28. Aging and married couples]. PMID- 3230708 TI - [Diary of a physician stationed at a hospital. 24. Return to Tsugaru, the starting point in my medical career]. PMID- 3230710 TI - [A profile. Ms. Fabiola Cuervo Tafur, a visiting public health nurse from Colombia]. PMID- 3230709 TI - [Nursing study in England. 24. A letter to Ms. Fujiwara in Colombia]. PMID- 3230711 TI - Quantitative study of characteristic aqueous humor transferrin, serum transferrin and desialized serum transferrin in aqueous humor. AB - Total transferrin (Tf) concentration and relative percentages of its subfractions, ie, characteristic aqueous humor Tf (Tfah), serum Tf (Tfs) and desialized serum Tf (Tau), in the aqueous humor of 30 patients were determined. According to the total Tf concentration, these patients were divided into the group with intact or mildly damaged blood aqueous barrier (BAB), consisting of cataract, glaucoma and central retinal artery occlusion patients, and the severely damaged BAB group, consisting of uveitis patients. In the intact or mildly damaged group, Tfah, Tfs and Tau revealed constant ratios of 60%, 26% and 14%; while in the severely damaged group, a relatively high concentration of Tfs was observed. There is only Tfs in the serum, therefore, theoretically, damage of the BAB should lead to an immediate increase of the relative concentration of Tfs in the aqueous humor. Because it did not occur until the BAB had been severely damaged, the possibility of an intraocular interchange of the 3 Tf subfractions is suggested. PMID- 3230712 TI - Mercury accumulation in lens following single administration of methylmercury. AB - Mercury levels in the lens, aqueous humor, blood and plasma after a single administration of methylmercuric chloride (MMC, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) were studied in Wistar rats. The animals were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 180th days following administration. Mercury levels in each tissue after MMC 20 mg/kg treatment were higher than after 10 mg/kg treatment. Mercury levels in the blood, plasma and aqueous humor on the 1st day following administration were significantly high. On the other hand, the highest mercury level in the lens was shown on the 7th day after administration. Total concentration of the lens mercury on the 180th day was almost equal to that on the 21st day. These results suggested active accumulation of mercury takes place in the lens and that retention is at a high concentration for over half a year even after only a single administration. PMID- 3230713 TI - Laser Raman spectroscopic study of hereditary cataractous lenses in ICR/f-strain rat. AB - The lenses of ICR/f-strain rats with hereditary cataract were monitored in situ by laser Raman spectroscopy. The lenses used were within the age of 3-10 weeks before lens opacification became manifest. The reduction of protein SH group content and the increase of protein S-S bond content were observed in ICR/f rats in the precataractous stage. No significant change in the water content was observed. PMID- 3230715 TI - Posterior chamber lens implantation and anterior segment barrier function: a fluorophotometric study. AB - We used fluorophotometry and pachymetry to examine the early postoperative effects on the anterior segment of the eye after posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation combined with extracapsular cataract extraction as compared to extra-capsular cataract extraction alone. Fluorophotometry was performed by a method of intravenous injection of fluorescein solution (1 mg/kg of body weight) on the 6th postoperative day. We calculated the value of the Fa/Fp ratio, where Fa and Fp were fluorescein concentration in the aqueous and the plasma ultrafiltrate, respectively, and treated it as an index of the blood-aqueous barrier function. Also, we optically measured the corneal thickness and the anterior chamber depth. There were no significant differences between the values of the Fa/Fp ratio and corneal thickness in the two groups. The anterior chamber depth in the pseudophakic eyes (2.89 +/- 0.48 mm, mean +/- SD) differed significantly from that of the eyes undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction alone (3.10 +/- 0.51, P less than 0.001). In the cases of posterior chamber lens implantation, the postoperative value of the Fa/Fp ratio in the intact fellow eyes showed a significant increase compared to the preoperative value in the same eyes (1.2 +/- 0.8 times, P less than 0.05). We conclude that the effects on the anterior segment barrier function of extracapsular lens extraction followed by posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation are not significantly different from those of extracapsular lens extraction alone. PMID- 3230714 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observations on vascular casts of ciliary processes in normal and topical epinephrine-treated rats. AB - Existence of neurohumoral control of the ciliary process blood flow was investigated in normal adult Wistar albino rats, utilizing the vascular casting method with a scanning electron microscope, comparing the ciliary process vessels in epinephrine-treated eyes to those in control eyes. The ciliary process microvasculature consisted of marginal capillaries, intraprocess capillaries and collecting veins. The supplying arterioles of the ciliary processes were derived from the iridociliary arterial circle. The arterioles were constricted or annularly impressed just before connecting with the marginal capillaries in the controls. The epinephrine instillation resulted in significant constriction of all the ciliary process vessels. Especially the ciliary process arterioles were narrowed in their full length in contrast to the focal constrictions in the controls. The diameter of the constricted arterioles in the epinephrine-treated eyes was the same as the focal constrictions in the controls. These results suggested that sphincter muscles existed in the wall of the ciliary process arterioles of the rat and that neurohumoral blood flow control was related to the constriction of the ciliary process arterioles resulting from the epinephrine administration. PMID- 3230716 TI - The relationship between refractive errors and retinal detachment--analysis of 1,166 retinal detachment cases. AB - We compared 1,166 eyes with retinal detachment to 11,671 eyes of patients without retinal detachment in order to clarify the distribution of refraction ranges and the relative frequency in incidence of retinal detachment for each range. In the retinal detachment group, hyperopia was detected in 8.58%, emmetropia in 9.26% and myopia in 82.16%, and the corresponding ratios in the control group were 24.29%, 41.30% and 34.41%, respectively. The retinal detachment group thus exhibited a high frequency of myopia, as has been known. The relative frequency of retinal detachment for each range of refraction was 0.35 for hyperopia, 0.22 for emmetropia and 0.83 for myopia in the range -0.75 to -2.75 D. The relative frequency increased with an increase of severity in myopia up to the range of higher than -15.0 D, where the frequency was 68.6 times higher than for the hyperopic range. PMID- 3230717 TI - Effect of drugs in vitro on lysosomal enzyme activities in bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells. AB - We examined in vitro the effect of several drugs on the activities of lysosomal enzymes in the crude extract of bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells. Acid phosphatase, beta-D-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alpha-L fucosidase, and alpha-D-mannosidase were used as lysosomal enzymes. Sodium iodate at 10(-6), 10(-5) and 10(-4) M, and potassium iodate at 10(-5) and 10(-4) M inhibited acid phosphatase activity. Ferrous chloride at 10(-5) and 10(-4) M suppressed beta-D-glucuronidase activity. Ferric chloride, indomethacin, chloroquine, chlorpromazine, 5-fluorouracil, tobramycin, daunomycin, oxalate and epinephrine had no or only minimal inhibitory effects on the lysosomal enzyme activities examined. PMID- 3230718 TI - Changes in choroidal blood flow following ligation of common carotid artery. AB - The effects of carotid artery ligation on choroidal blood flow were studied in 30 rabbits using a hydrogen clearance method. The choroidal blood flow (ChBF) decreased significantly to about 75% for 60 minutes after the ipsilateral ligation of the common carotid artery. In 11 of the rabbits ChBF was measured both one and six weeks after ligation. ChBF recovered to 88% of the resting level one week after the ligation, and returned to the resting values six weeks after the ligation. The left carotid artery was ligated six weeks after ligation of the right carotid artery, and there was not any significant change in the ChBF of the right eye. It seemed that the recovery of the ChBF of the right eye was not through the contralateral carotid artery. PMID- 3230719 TI - Clinical studies of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease at the National Eye Institute, NIH, USA. AB - We have, in the recent past, seen 46 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease patients at the National Eye Institute. Most of these patients have been women, and a high percentage were Black-American or Hispanic. However, an interesting observation has been American Indian antecedents for a large number of these patients, whether they considered themselves Black or Caucasian. The visual acuities tended to be at the extremes of the vision chart. Patients with this disorder appear to have circulating autoantibodies to the retinal photoreceptor region, and these autoantibodies do not appear to be directed against the retinal S-antigen. PMID- 3230720 TI - Clinical studies of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease. AB - We evaluated the clinical statistics of a total of 186 patients (101 men and 85 women) with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease seen in the Uveitis Survey Clinic of the Hokkaido University Hospital during the 18-year period from 1966 to 1983. The annual number of new cases showed some change. More new patients were seen in the spring and late autumn. Clinical examination at the first visit concerning ocular symptoms showed inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber in 56%, papilledema in 87%, and serous retinal detachment and/or retinal edema in 93% of the cases. During the course of the disease, 64% of the cases showed depigmentation of the ocular fundus, and 85% showed perilimbal vitiligo (Sugiura's sign). In addition, the clinical examinations concerning extraocular symptoms showed pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid in 84%, dysacousia in 74%, and scalp supersensitivity on touching the hair in 72% of the cases. Visual prognosis was generally favorable, but the final visual acuity in this disease was significantly affected by ocular complications, initial visual acuity, and the age at onset. PMID- 3230721 TI - Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease in Brazil. AB - A retrospective analysis of 33 patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH disease) seen in Sao Paulo, Brazil, from 1976 to 1985 at a uveitis referral clinic revealed that VKH disease represents 2.5% of the total uveitis cases seen. All cases were bilateral, 30% being men and 70% women. The ethnic distribution was the following: 60% white (with variable Indian or black extraction), 24% darkly pigmented, 9% Orientals (Sansei, third-generation Japanese) and 6% black. The frequency among Orientals was 7 times higher than what would be expected according to the relative frequency of Japanese in the Brazilian population. The age distribution at the onset of the disease was as follows: 12% less than 20 years of age, 60% between 20 and 40 years of age and 27% over 40 years of age. The disease was classified into 3 types with variable extraocular signs. Type I disease was present in 24% of the patients, type II in 51% and type III disease in 24% of the patients. Cataract was present in 40% of the cases and glaucoma was present in 9%. No correlation was found between sex, age at onset, race, type of extraocular involvement and number of extraocular manifestations in considering either visual status or visual prognosis. All patients were treated with systemic steroids. Most of them also received cytotoxic immunosuppressive agents. In this uncontrolled clinical study cytotoxic drug-treated patients seemed to have a better clinical course. PMID- 3230722 TI - Combination therapy with cyclosporin A and steroid in severe case of Vogt Koyanagi-Harada's disease. AB - A severe case of Vogt-Koyanagi-Haradi's disease was treated with a combination therapy of cyclosporin A and steroid. The therapy was successful and showed no side effects. PMID- 3230723 TI - A pulsatile pump for cardiopulmonary bypass and its clinical use. AB - A pulsatile pump driven by a coil spring, which was designed and constructed by us, is described in this report. It consists of two main parts, a disposable blood chamber and a driving section. The blood chamber has two leaflet valves and a piston, which is covered with two bellofram rolling diaphragms and moves into the housing to draw in and eject the blood. The driving section consists of three cams, an electric motor and a coil spring. The ejection force is wholly produced by the compressed coil spring and is transmitted to the piston in the blood chamber by a rod. This pump allows the ejection pressure, the beat rates, and the stroke volume all to be changed independently. The performance of the pump was tested by using a circulation model where the beat rate was adjusted from 30 to 250 bpm. The output subsequently increased from 0.8 l/min to 5.7 l/min and the stroke volume, from 20.4 ml to 36.7 ml. This new pump has been used for clinical cardiopulmonary bypasses in 24 patients of open heart surgery and the pressure traces during perfusion resembled those of the patients' own hearts. PMID- 3230724 TI - Peritoneovenous shunting for intractable cirrhotic and cancerous ascites using different types of shunting tubes. AB - A total of twenty six peritoneovenous shuntings were performed in our department between 1978 and 1984, on twelve cirrhotic and ten cancerous patients with intractable ascites, using Pudenz, LeVeen or Denver type shunting tubes. Reduced ascites was noted postoperatively with statistical significance in both the cirrhotic group (p less than 0.05) and the cancerous group (p less than 0.01), of whom eight cirrhotic and seven cancerous patients exhibited an abdominal girth reduced by 9.7 cm (a 10.9 per cent reduction) in two weeks. A larger urinary output was noted in 13 patients, with a mean increase of 587 ml/day compared with the pre-shunting output. These patients lost a mean weight of 6.13 kg in two weeks, while the nonreduced ascites group gained weight. The post-shunting serum albumin level was higher in the reduced ascites group. The mean functioning periods of the shunts were 5.1 and 2 months, respectively for the cirrhotic and cancerous patients whose shunts were patent. The patients' outcome was shown to depend on the disease itself, with the exception of one patient who died of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy following shunting. In comparing several types of shunting systems, the Denver-type was proven as being the most unlikely to plug or malfunction because of its simpler structure. PMID- 3230725 TI - Pelvic hemodynamics before and after aortoiliac vascular reconstruction: the significance of penile blood pressure. AB - The relationship between penile pressure and hypogastric arterial insufficiency, as well as the changes in the penile brachial pressure index and male sexual function after aortoiliac vascular reconstruction, were investigated in 47 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans and in 6 patients with Buerger's disease. When the penile brachial pressure index was greater than 0.7, a value compatible with normal sexual function, there was enough arterial circulation to keep at least one hypogastric artery patent. In cases where there was insufficiency of both hypogastric arteries, the index increased significantly after the inflow was restored, even if it was unilateral, following arterial reconstruction. Reconstruction of the blood flow to the femoral artery tended to increase the index even without restoration of hypogastric flow, especially when the inferior mesenteric artery was occluded. In cases of high aortic occlusion, restoration of blood to the femoral artery alone led to a greatly significant increase in the index. These facts indicate that branches of the femoral artery and the inferior mesenteric artery play an important role in the collateral circulation of pelvic hemodynamics when the hypogastric artery is occluded. PMID- 3230727 TI - The effect of decreased portal blood flow on the biliary system. AB - A disturbance in the regional portal blood flow adjacent to the dilated bile duct in the liver is often observed in patients with hepatolithiasis. The effects of this disturbed portal blood flow on the biliary system, with or without cholangitis, were therefore investigated. Young rabbits were divided into the following four groups; (1) controls that had a laparotomy only (n = 3), (2) those that had a ligation of the portal branch of the right posterior lobe (RP lobe) (PL) (n = 10), (3) those that had tubing inserted into the bile duct through the duodenal papilla (BS) (n = 10), and (4) PL + BS (n = 10). Despite marked atrophy of the RP lobe, no distinct changes were seen in the biliary systems of groups 1 or 2. In groups 3 and 4, however, infiltration of inflammatory cells and glandular proliferation in the wall of the markedly dilated extrahepatic bile duct (proliferative cholangitis (PC), characteristic to hepatolithiasis) were seen. Findings of PC were also noted in the intrahepatic bile duct of the atrophied RP lobes of these 2 groups. The incidence of PC was 20 per cent in group 3 and 60 per cent in group 4, respectively, but the PC of the intrahepatic bile ducts in group 3 was more localized than in group 4. Goblet cell metaplasia was seen in the epithelial cells of PC. Bacteriologically, bile samples were aseptic in groups 1 and 2, however, samples of bile from groups 3 and 4 were all contaminated with Escherichia coli or Streptococcus Faecalis. The biliary contents of phospholipids, total cholesterol and total bile acid were significantly decreased in groups 3 and 4, when compared with groups 1 and 2. In conclusion, a disturbance in portal blood flow, accompanied by cholangitis and segmental liver atrophy, may play an important role in the clinical course of hepatolithiasis. PMID- 3230726 TI - A trial of postoperative adjuvant combination chemo-immunotherapy for stage IV gastric carcinoma. AB - A chemo-immunotherapy program was designed on the basis of our clinical findings, which revealed that the ability to generate cell-mediated cytotoxicity was remarkably augmented after adriamycin (AM) administration in cancer patients. Twenty patients with stage IV gastric carcinoma who had undergone noncurative resections were treated with the above regimen that consisted of active immunotherapy with autologous tumor cells, in combination with 30 mg of AM, given 7 days before the immunization, followed by long-term tegafur (FT) and immunomodulators. The survival of these patients was compared to that of 3 other groups of patients, namely; 30 patients treated with another chemo-immunotherapy regimen which comprised autologous tumor cells in combination with several anticancer drugs followed by long-term FT and immunomodulators (CCI1), 17 patients treated with mitomycin C followed by long-term FT and immunomodulators (CI), and 24 patients with comparable histories (HC). The first treatment group had significantly improved survival, as compared to the HC group (p less than 0.01) and the survival tended also to be more favorable, when compared to the CCI1 group (p less than 0.2) or the CI group (p less than 0.2). Moreover, the survival rate at 9 months was significantly higher than that of either the CCI1 group (p less than 0.01) or the CI group (p less than 0.01). PMID- 3230728 TI - Ventricular septal perforation following acute myocardial infarction in a patient with hypothyroidism--a case report. AB - A 61-year-old woman with profound hypothyroidism underwent surgery for a ventricular septal perforation 15 days following an acute myocardial infarction, with no preoperative thyroid replacement. Her immediate postoperative course was complicated by a low cardiac output, respiratory suppression and high output renal failure, requiring prolonged hemodynamic and respiratory support. Thyroid replacement (50 micrograms of thyronine and 100 micrograms of thyroxine daily) was given in two installments on the 2nd day after the operation. The effect of the inotropic agents increased gradually and the patient was weaned off intra aortic balloon pumping. A large quantity of diuretics, hydration and hyperalimentation also successfully reduced her elevated BUN and serum creatinine. After full thyroid replacement, she was discharged in good health on the 40th postoperative day. PMID- 3230729 TI - Double valve replacement for infective endocarditis in a hemodialysis patient: a case report. AB - A 57-year-old man who was in end stage renal failure underwent an aortic and mitral valve replacement for the progression of cardiac dysfunction, secondary to Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis. Cardiac surgery was performed using a Hemo-Concentrator during cardiopulmonary bypass, 82 months following the initiation of hemodialysis. This is the second report in the literature of a successful double valve replacement for infective endocarditis and congestive heart failure in a chronic hemodialysis patient. PMID- 3230730 TI - Reconstruction of the carotid artery using a temporary shunt during an operation for advanced thyroid carcinoma--a case report. AB - A case of a patient who required reconstruction of the carotid artery during a radical operation for advanced thyroid cancer is reported herein. The patient, a 64-year-old female who had had three previous operations for thyroid cancer, underwent a two-stage operation. In the first stage, the left cervical lymphnodes were dissected, but as a large metastatic node invading the left carotid artery could not be completely removed, some carcinoma tissue was left attached to the wall of the artery. The second stage involved a temporary shunt being set up between the common carotid artery and the internal carotid artery following heparinization, after which the invaded portion was resected, and the defect patched with a saphenous vein graft. Monitoring with a Doppler flow-meter and EEG were conducted throughout the operation. At present, cancer has recurred in the left submandibular and supraclavicular regions. PMID- 3230731 TI - An isolated aneurysm of the common iliac artery associated with an arterio-venous fistula: autotransfusion technique and postoperative hemodynamic monitoring--a case report. AB - Isolated aneurysms of the common iliac artery occur less frequently than abdominal aortic aneurysms. Moreover, the rupture of an isolated iliac aneurysm into a systemic vein is considered to be very rare. The case reported herein is of a patient with a left common iliac aneurysm which ruptured into the iliac vein, who was successfully treated surgically, using Doty's autotransfusion technique as a supportive measure. We describe our preoperative diagnosis, operative method, including the supportive measures, and the postoperative hemodynamic changes monitored by a Swan-Ganz catheter. PMID- 3230732 TI - Springing test for differentiating a cervical rib tip from a supraclavicular lymph node. AB - The palpable tip of a cervical rib can be easily mistaken for an enlarged, hard supraclavicular lymph node. These two swellings, however, can be differentiated by the springing test, in which the clinician applies intermittent pressure on a point corresponding to the surface marking of a cervical rib shaft and checks for transmission of the springing movement to the swelling. The tip of a cervical rib will move but a supraclavicular lymph node will not. This test should be routinely done in all patients having a solitary, hard supraclavicular swelling as it will save many patients from an unneccessary surgical exploration for lymph node biopsy. PMID- 3230734 TI - [Statistical aspects of intractable asthma]. PMID- 3230733 TI - [Pathophysiology of high altitude pulmonary edema]. PMID- 3230735 TI - [Allergological study of intractable bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3230736 TI - [Pathophysiological changes of intractable asthma]. PMID- 3230738 TI - [Effect of smoking on natural killer cell activity in the lung]. PMID- 3230737 TI - [Elastase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with chronic respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 3230739 TI - [An autopsy case of acute pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosis]. PMID- 3230740 TI - [A case of cystic fibrosis in a Caucasian adult]. PMID- 3230741 TI - [A case of bronchogenic epidermoid carcinoma accompanied by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and hypercalcemia]. PMID- 3230742 TI - [Hemodynamic studies of penile erection in dogs--blood flow changes in the corpus cavernosum by arterial ligation]. PMID- 3230743 TI - [Anesthesia-free extracorporeal piezoelectric shock wave lithotripsy in renal calculi]. PMID- 3230744 TI - [Functional steroid receptors in prostatic carcinoma. A comparison between viable cell assay and fluorescent staining method]. PMID- 3230745 TI - [Analysis of children with postrenal acute renal failure]. PMID- 3230746 TI - [Improvement of the determination of urinary tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and the clinical study in bladder cancer patients]. PMID- 3230747 TI - [Study on flow cytometric DNA-histogram of prostatic carcinomas]. PMID- 3230748 TI - [On the role of the organic matrix in the architecture of urinary stones]. PMID- 3230750 TI - [Surveillance colonoscopy in patients with ureterocolonic anastomoses]. PMID- 3230749 TI - [A study of prevention of ejaculatory disturbance after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in testicular tumor]. PMID- 3230751 TI - [Analyses of renal trauma by using CT scan]. PMID- 3230752 TI - [Arterial microchemoembolization in the treatment of urinary bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 3230754 TI - [Prolonged survival after right nephrectomy, excision of the inferior vena cava and ligation of the left renal vein: a case report]. PMID- 3230753 TI - [Urodynamic evaluation of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. A preliminary report]. PMID- 3230755 TI - [Discrepancy in the scores of uncertainty perceived by patients and nurses' interperson perception]. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess and compare discrepancy in the scores of uncertainty perceived by patients and nurses' interperson perception. For this study, 124 hospitalized patients and the same numbered nurses assigned for direct care of each 124 patients were selected from general ward of C. University Hospital in Seoul during the time period from September to November 1987. Degree of uncertainty was measured by 27 items modified from Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (M-UIS), and was utilized by a Likert type scale The data were analysed by Mcnemar-test, Unpaired t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe-test and Stepwise multiple regression. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The discrepancy in the scores of uncertainty perceived by patients and nurses' interperson perception showed significant differences in 23 of 27 items: 11 of 23 items showed that the scores of patients' perception of uncertainty were higher than that of nurses' interperson perception of uncertainty. but 12 of 23 items were revealed reversely. 2. With regard to nurse's demographic variables, the discrepancy scores were the highest in the group under 22 years of age (F = 3.20, p = .026) and in the group less than 1 year of nursing experience among 4 groups (F = 4.41, p = .006). 3. The discrepancy scores had a tendency to be lowered in the higher age group (r = .27, p = .0026) and in the longer experienced group (r = .25, p = .0052).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230756 TI - [A study for assessing accuracy rates of pain rating scales (KPRS and VAS)]. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify the accuracy rates(hit ratio) which mean the degree of concordance between pain rating scale differences over time & subjective comparisons. Subjective comparisons mean the responses to the question "how does the pain you are now experiencing compare with the one at the time of the assessment yesterday?". Answers to this question were translated into 'greater', 'same', or 'less'. KPRS (Korean Pain Rating Scale) was developed through 4 consecutive studies to assess pain extensively & accurately by Lee etc. VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) was reported as valid & reliable measure for the intensity of pain by many researchers. Thirty hospitalized patients with complaints of headache participated in this study during the period from May 1 to July 31, 1987. In conclusion, the accuracy rates of KPRS and VAS were 60%, 67%, respectively. PMID- 3230757 TI - [An analysis of the relationship between sex role identity and life adjustment among adult patients]. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sex-role identity and life adjustment which adult patients perceive by means of the analysis of the relationship between the sex-role-identity and life adjustment which are perceived by adult patients who are hospitalized. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate how the adult patients describe their own Sex role-identity. Secondary purpose is to find out whether their Sex role-identity is related to life adjustment and which life circumstances. If any are associated with Sex role identity. 207 adult patients who were older than 30 years living under 65 years were admitted to the hospital in Seoul. Were interviewed with measures including the Bem Sex Role Inventory short Form. Life adjustment and current life situation. For data analysis, X2-test, ANOV-A, and Scheffe test were used. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Most adult patients described androgynous Sex role-identity. (2) Sex role-identity differentiated significantly life adjustment. (3) Perceived Sex role identity was related to the Several dimension of life situation such as marital status family construction activity. By the result of this study, the present writer is to suggest as follows; Firstly, in the aspect of the study of nursing the many -sided and desirable study on the relation between the sex-role-identity life adjustment, and the study which a nurse can control and prevent the anxiety of adult patients by means of examining the measure and the cause of the emotional support on a patient must be accomplished. Secondly, in the aspect of the aspect of the practical affairs of nursing the practical effort which puts emphasis on the whole personal nursing in the performance of the duty, and the institutional support in the nursing administration must be planned in order to increase the efficiency of the nursing service by promoting the whole -personal nursing role of a nurse. PMID- 3230758 TI - [Comparison of two intramuscular injection technics on the severity of discomfort and lesions at the injection site]. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the Z-track intramuscular injection technique with the effect of the stand and intramuscular injection technique on the severity of discomfort and lesions at the injection site. The subjects of the study were 20 patients with only early tuberculosis excluding another abnormalities (a skin rash, allergy to topical use of alcohol, jaundice, edema, neurosensory abnormality, coagulation defects, obesity and thin). Data collection was done from Feb. 1 to March 15, 1988 by means of Korean Pain Measurement Tool, Visual Analogue Scale, and Objective measures of injection site lesions. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Hypothesis 1; "The severity of subject discomfort is less following administration of the Z-track intramuscular injection technique than following administration injection technique." was not supported. 2) Hypothesis 2; "The degrees of severity subject discomfort is less following administration of the Z-track intramuscular injection technique than following administration of the standard intramuscular injection technique." was not supported. 3) Hypothesis 3; "The severity of injection sites lesions is less following administration of the Z-track intramuscular injection technique than following administration of the standard intramuscular injection techniques." was not supported. 4) The terms that were selected included factor II (mild-moderate pain) of Ratio Scale Measuring Pain using Korean Pain Terms. In conclusion; it was found that there was not a difference from the severity of subject discomfort between two groups, but the degrees of severity of subject discomfort about following administration of the Z track intramuscular injection was tended to be declined. Therefore further studies suggest that the Z-track intramuscular injection technique can decrease the severity of discomfort in persons receiving frequently intramuscular injections. First of all, it is necessary to be developed an effect tool of dis comfort measurement for the intramuscular injection in Korean. PMID- 3230759 TI - [Relationships among self concept, perception of aging and physical aging]. AB - Although everyone grows old, perception about the aging process and aging as measured physiologically vary widely. Perceptions of aging have psychologically influence on physical aging. This study was to examine the relationships between, self-concept, perception of aging, and physical aging in the elderly and to contribute to the theory development which may direct nursing intervention to promote well-being of the aged. Subjects were 70 women residents of a nursing home for the elderly in Seoul. Data collection was done from May 15 to June 15, 1988 using interview schedules and mechanical instruments. The instruments were selected items from the Health Self Concept Scale developed by Jacox and Stewart for self concept, and Secord and Jourad's Body Cathexis Scale and Osgood's Semantic Differential Scale for perception of aging. Physical aging was measured by mechanical instruments, inspection, questions, and palpation. The data were analysed for mean, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient using an S.P.S.S computerized program. The results of the analysis were as follows. 1. The mean level of self concept for the subject group was 16.97 (SD = +/- 6.17) in a range from 6-30. The mean level of perception of aging was 39.6. (SD = +/- 6.51) in a range from 13-65. The mean level of physical aging was 14.09 (SD = +/- 2.05) in a range from 8-40. 2. Relationships among self-concept, perception of aging, and physical aging. 1) There was a positive relationship between self-concept and perception of aging (r = 0.4461, p = 0.000). 2) There was a negative relationship between physical aging and perception of aging (r = -0.2975, p = 0.006). 3) There was a tendency toward a negative relationship between physical aging and self concept, but not a significant relationship (r = -0.1033, p = 0.197). 3. 1) No general characteristic variables were related to self concept. 2) The general characteristic variable related to the level of perception of aging was religion (t = 4.17, p = 0.001). 3) The general characteristic variable related to the level of physical aging was age (F = 12.008, p = 0.000). There was a significant relationship between self-concept and perception of aging, and between physical aging and perception of aging. Therefore nursing intervention should focus on promoting a positive perception of aging and strengthening self-concept during the physical aging process. PMID- 3230760 TI - [The effect of patient teaching on compliance with sick role behavior of diabetic patients]. AB - This study examined the effect of patient teaching on Compliance with sick role behavior in diabetic patients. The purpose was to improve diabetic patients Compliance by D.M. patient teaching. The study objectives were to determine the effect of patient teaching on Compliance with sick role behavior, and factors influencing compliance with sick role behavior of diabetic patients. The subjects, consisting of 52 diabetic patients diagnosed in the C. and other hospitals in K. city were divided into experimental and control groups. Data were gathered from July 25th to September 3rd, 1988 through interviews by questionnaires, measurement of blood sugar level by Reflux. D.M. Patient teaching was defined as informational intervention of social support by the nurse. A booklet representing patient education and questionnaires were developed by the investigator, and were tested for Content validity, and reliability by Item Analysis: Cronbachs alpha for any instrument to measure variables was patient Compliance .83, perceived health belief .65, diabetic knowledge .70. Analysis of data were done by paired t-test, t-test, Anova, Pearson correlation, and Stepwise multiple regression. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. The effect of patient teaching on Compliance with sick role behavior, on diabetic Knowledge and health belief was Confirmed by significant differences between the experimental and the control group before and after the experiments. (P = 000 P = 006, P = 004).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3230761 TI - [Characteristics of the anti-arrhythmia effect of phosphocreatine in the acute stage of experimental myocardial infarction]. AB - Antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory effects of exogenous phosphocreatine, administered to animals at different dates after the onset of experimental myocardial infarction, were examined. Experiments were carried out on anesthetized dogs with acute one-step coronary artery ligation or in waking dogs 24 to 48 hours after two-step ligation of the descending branch of the left coronary artery (Harris's method). Major cardiac functional and hemodynamic parameters and ECG were recorded. The values obtained, using these models, show that exogenous phosphocreatine possesses high antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory activities within first hours of coronary occlusion and is less effective after 24 hours of infarction. PMID- 3230762 TI - [Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of adenosine in experimental myocardial infarction]. AB - Adenosine, administered intravenously (0.25 mg/kg-1/min-1) to rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction, produced a drop in arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance, normalized stroke volume, increased ATP content at the margin of the infarcted area, and reduced LDG activity and increased SDG activity in the ischemized region. PMID- 3230763 TI - [Effect of occupational therapy on the mental state of patients with myocardial infarction at the hospital stage of rehabilitation]. PMID- 3230764 TI - [Physical training in the treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 3230765 TI - [Anti-aggregative activity of the vascular wall, blood coagulation and the status of the physiologic antioxidant system in patients with ischemic heart disease and in healthy persons practicing jogging]. PMID- 3230766 TI - [Characteristics of the development of a necrotic area in macrofocal and microfocal myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3230768 TI - [ECG characteristics of premature ventricular repolarization syndrome associated with myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3230767 TI - [Serum myoglobin level as an early diagnostic indicator in myocardial infarction and its complications]. PMID- 3230769 TI - [Medical and vocational rehabilitation of patients with implanted pacemakers]. AB - Medical and occupational rehabilitation following pacemaker implantation is discussed with special reference to objective quality of medical and technical data, on which occupational recommendations are to be based. A comprehensive analysis of whether an individual with an implanted pacemaker can drive a car is presented. PMID- 3230770 TI - [Restrictive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3230771 TI - [Mechanisms of adaptation of the cardiorespiratory system to physical loads in cardiosurgical patients]. AB - Problems related to the assessment of systemic oxygen transport and central hemodynamic parameters at exercise tests after surgical correction of congenital and acquired heart diseases are discussed. Several types of adaptation to stress have been identified. Noninvasive direct measurement of cardiac output under stress is shown to be useful as cardiac output values may be different where oxygen consumption levels are similar. It is suggested that the results may be used for functional assessment of surgical outcomes and the choice of treatment and rehabilitation strategy. PMID- 3230772 TI - [Clinical and social aspects of vocational rehabilitation of patients after heart valve prosthesis]. AB - Clinical and social factors that determined the effect of occupational rehabilitation were analyzed in 71 patients after prosthetic valve implantation. In addition to objective factors, resuming work depended on a number of subjective ones as well, as the number of working individuals was virtually similar among the preoperative and follow-up patients, while the number of invalids increased, in spite of the fact that functional condition had improved by 1 or 2 functional classes, according to NYHA, in 52.8% of postoperative patients. There were no significant differences in physical working capacity, as evidenced by bicycle ergometry, between working postoperative patients and those who failed to resume working. PMID- 3230773 TI - [Effect of complications in the acute period of myocardial infarction on physical exertion tolerance at the hospital stage of rehabilitation]. AB - Physical stress tolerance and its hemodynamic support were examined in 95 patients with early myocardial infarction, 50 normal subjects and 25 coronary patients. It is suggested that the stress tolerance test is advisable at an early stage of complicated macrofocal myocardial infarction. The safety of the test improves considerably where it is performed under continuous electrocardiographic and chest-rheographic control. An abnormal diastolic impedance wave, emerging during exercise, may serve an additional diagnostic indicator of stress intolerance. PMID- 3230774 TI - [Clinico-ergometric indicators in patients with ischemic heart disease with exertion-induced stenocardia after a 4-month physical training course]. AB - Regular exercise had a favorable effect on clinical manifestations of the disease, allowed reduced medication doses and improved stress tolerance in coronary patients with angina of effort (functional class III or IV). Changes in clinical and functional status of patients were particularly significant within the first two months of exercise, while further increments slowed down between 2 and 4 months of exercise. PMID- 3230775 TI - [Problems of the development of rehabilitation trends in cardiology]. PMID- 3230776 TI - [Characteristics of the course of posterior diaphragmatic myocardial infarction in patients with depression of the ST segment in precordial ECG leads]. AB - The course of acute posterior diaphragmatic myocardial infarction (MI) was evaluated in 82 in-patients, with 47 of those followed up after the discharge. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those without and with ST depression in precordial ECG leads (groups 1 and 2, respectively). MI took a more severe course in the second group. Heart failure and high-grade ventricular extrasystoles were significantly more common both in and after hospital in such patients. Atrioventricular blocks, cardiogenic shock and recurrences during hospital stay prevailed in the second group. After the discharge, they showed a higher mortality rate and significantly more frequent exacerbations of coronary disease, including all cases of repeated macrofocal MI. This suggests that patients with posterior-diaphragmatic MI and ST depression in precordial ECG leads have a poorer immediate and long-term prognosis and can be designated a high-risk group. PMID- 3230777 TI - [Malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in myocardial infarction]. AB - Plasma CPK activity and the activity of isoenzymes MDH, AST and LDH were assessed in 60 patients with myocardial infarction of different severity, with reference to the time since the onset of the attack. The peaks of CPK and MDH-C activity were reached sooner than those of LDH-M and AST-C, while the CPK and MDH-C curves were similar. The severity of the disease showed correlation to later onset of enzyme peaks and markedly delayed decrease in the respective values. Increased activity of mitochondrial isoenzymes and blood LDH-M provided additional information on the severity of the disease. Delayed normalization of these activities was associated with a poor diagnosis. PMID- 3230778 TI - [Possibilities of electrocardiography in the evaluation of necrotization process in posterior myocardial infarction]. AB - In a study of 46 patients with acute posterior myocardial infarction and different patterns of the necrotic period, anatomical measurements of necrosis weight were compared with the measurements of R wave amplitude and the depth of Q and S waves (the QS complex), recorded from standard leads and precordial mapping, and with serum CPK-MB activity. The results of this comparison suggest that the rate of necrosis formation can be assessed on the basis of variation in the ventricular complex, recorded from standard ECG leads. Electrocardiographic criteria of the severity of the necrotic stage of posterior myocardial infarction and repeated necrosis formation are identified. PMID- 3230779 TI - [Indicators of central hemodynamics in patients with disorders of cardiac rhythm and conductivity and nonspecific ECG changes without organic myocardial lesions]. AB - Pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PADP) and cardiac index (CI) were measured by thermodilution at rest and during sitting bicycle ergometry in 95 patients at risk for cardiomyopathy in the future. Normal parameters were recorded in 85 patients: CI increased at least 2.5-fold, and PADP was within 16 mmHg at the peak of exercise. Ten patients showed an abnormal rise of PADP up to 29.0 +/- +/- 1.2 mmHg in the presence of an adequate CI increment. This may be an early manifestation of myocardial contractility disorders. PMID- 3230780 TI - [Value of myocardial scintigraphy using T1-201 in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. AB - The results of ECG, bicycle ergometry (BEM) and myocardial 201Tl scintigraphy at rest and during BEM exercise were evaluated in 78 male and 24 female coronary patients as well as 18 normal controls. Scintigraphy during the BEM test is shown to be capable of detecting areas of transient myocardial ischemia. The sensitivity of the BEM test and myocardial scintigraphy was 83 and 91%, respectively, in detecting transient myocardial ischemia. Myocardial 201T1 scintigraphy should be conducted where other investigations, used for the diagnosis of coronary disease, yield little information: in patients with angiographically-intact coronary arteries and in cases of atypical clinical appearance of coronary heart disease. PMID- 3230782 TI - [Study of morphofunctional characteristics of the myocardium in ischemic heart disease using ultrasonic methods]. AB - Ultrasonic heart tissue characterization was performed in normal subjects and patients with chronic coronary disease and acute myocardial infarction (MI). In normal subjects and anginal patients, no regional differences in myocardial echo density were found, while postinfarction patients showed an increase of echo density in the region of the scar. During MI, initial fall of echo density in the damaged area at the onset of the disease was followed by an increase of echo density later in the course of MI. In some MI patients, there was virtually no increase of echo density in the damaged area throughout hospital stay. These patients also developed severe left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The significance and clinical implications of ultrasonic heart tissue characteristics in coronary patients are discussed. PMID- 3230781 TI - [Correction of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipoproteinemia by plasmapheresis in patients with stenocardia resistant to drug therapy]. AB - Plasmapheresis was used to correct blood lipid composition in patients with angina at rest and angina of effort (functional classes 3-4). In addition to a drop in total cholesterol and triglycerides, cholesterol in low and very-low density lipoproteins fell abruptly, while high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, on the contrary, increased considerably. Clinical improvement of the patients was also recorded. PMID- 3230783 TI - [Results of a long-term follow-up of exercise test indicators in patients with various courses of stenocardia]. AB - The study was undertaken to examine the natural history of stable angina in 295 patients who had been followed up for an average of 5.4 years. The results showed that among them the survival rate was 77%. Out of 217 survivors, 47.5% exhibited no changes in the manifestations of coronary heart disease, only 7.8% showed improvement and increase in exercise performance, in 44.7%, their status became worse as manifested by more frequent anginal attacks and significantly diminished exercise tolerance; 3.2% developed congestive heart failure, there were marked ECG cardiac arrhythmias or scarry changes due to sustained myocardial infarction in 3.2% and 11.1%, respectively. PMID- 3230784 TI - [Value of determining serum enzyme activity during the exercise test in evaluating the functional condition of patients with ischemic heart disease and concomitant diabetes mellitus]. AB - Exercise-induced changes in the activity of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) and its isoenzymes, CK, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, were examined in postmyocardial-infarction coronary patients with second-type diabetes mellitus and 18 chronic coronary patients with second-type diabetes mellitus. Patients from both groups showed increased total LDG and LDG-5 activity at rest and reduced total LDG, LDG-1, LDG-2 and LDG-3 activity in response to exercise, which may be an evidence of prevailing anaerobic glycolysis as a manifestation of tissue hypoxia. Rationed bicycle ergometric exercise produces no rise in blood CK, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities in coronary patients with second-type diabetes mellitus, suggesting that exercise of this kind has no damaging effect on myocardial and skeletal-muscle myocytes. PMID- 3230786 TI - [Clinico-experimental substantiation of the use of physical exercise in patients with ischemic heart disease for the prevention of arrhythmia]. AB - In experimental conditions, exercise increased electrical stability of the heart in trained rats, promoted an improvement of heart electrical stability in hypoxic hypoxia and under the effect of dextran, which is known to worsen blood rheologic properties, and had no effect on heart electrical stability in curantyl-treated rats. In 50 postmyocardial-infarction coronary patients, exercise was conductive to a drop in erythrocyte cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and total plasma cholesterol, and a rise in alpha-cholesterol level. In 10 untrained control coronary patients, erythrocyte cholesterol/phospholipid ratio remained unchanged. PMID- 3230785 TI - [Effect of allapinin on the function of the atrioventricular conduction system of the heart]. AB - The effect of allapinin on atrioventricular conductivity was assessed at intracardiac electrophysiologic investigation in 11 patients with various heart rhythm disorders. The effect of a 30 mg intravenous dose of the drug was evaluated 60 min after the injection. Allapinin significantly lengthened the P-Q interval and expanded the QRS complex. The effect was associated with a 24% increment in the P-A interval, a 7% increment in the A-H interval and a 31% increment in the H-V interval, suggesting that allapinin can be regarded as belonging to the first class of antiarrhythmic agents by Vaughan Williams' classification. Allapinin also shortened effective refractory time of the atrium and the atrioventricular node, as well as the total refractory period of the His Purkinje system. Ventricular refractory periods were also shortened insignificantly. The drug is therefore assumed to have a vagolytic or, perhaps, sympathomimetic action. PMID- 3230788 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of choledocholithiasis]. PMID- 3230787 TI - [Clinical evaluation of biliodigestive anastomoses]. PMID- 3230789 TI - [Differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in acute cholecystitis and viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3230790 TI - [Pre- and intraoperative diagnosis of complications of opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 3230791 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the gallbladder, bile ducts and blood vessels of the hepatoduodenal region in the normal state and in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 3230793 TI - [Use of ultrasonics in the destruction of gallstones]. PMID- 3230792 TI - [Selection of the method of treatment of amebic abscess of the liver]. PMID- 3230794 TI - [Use of SKN charcoal enterosorbents in the complex treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice. Report I. Laboratory studies]. PMID- 3230795 TI - [Changes in immunologic indicators in disorders of portal circulation]. PMID- 3230796 TI - [Intraoperative cholangiography in biliary tract surgery]. PMID- 3230797 TI - [Diagnosis and correction of duodenostasis in patients with chronic cholecystitis]. PMID- 3230799 TI - [Internal biliary fistula]. PMID- 3230798 TI - [Functional status of the pancreas and small intestine before and after cholecystectomy in young patients]. PMID- 3230800 TI - [Characteristics of performing distal splenorenal anastomosis]. PMID- 3230801 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of intrasplenic hematoma]. PMID- 3230802 TI - [Organization of services at a central regional hospital after mass admission of patients with multiple trauma]. PMID- 3230803 TI - [Vascular injuries of the hepatoduodenal ligament during surgical interventions on the biliary tract]. PMID- 3230804 TI - [Rare complication of cholecystectomy]. PMID- 3230805 TI - [Treatment of duodenal injuries acquired during endoscopic papillosphincterotomy]. PMID- 3230806 TI - [Eventration in acute cholecystitis in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 3230808 TI - [Unsatisfactory late results of transpapillary interventions]. PMID- 3230807 TI - [Undiagnosed abscess of the spleen]. PMID- 3230809 TI - [A case of "low bile drainage syndrome"]. PMID- 3230810 TI - [Disorders of duodenal motility as a cause of unsatisfactory results in the surgical treatment of cholelithiasis]. PMID- 3230811 TI - [Spontaneous external fistula of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3230812 TI - [Choledocholithiasis complicated by spontaneous external biliary fistula of the liver]. PMID- 3230813 TI - [Acute phlegmonous cholecystitis associated with rupture of a twisted ovarian cyst]. PMID- 3230815 TI - [A rare case of developmental anomalies of the biliary tract]. PMID- 3230814 TI - [Congenital giant cyst of the common bile duct associated with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3230816 TI - [Reconstructive operation in a patient with cyst of the common bile duct]. PMID- 3230817 TI - [Obstruction of the duodenum, gastroentero-anastomosis and choledochoduodeno anastomosis by foreign bodies]. PMID- 3230818 TI - [Stable hyperbilirubinemia in a patient with severe spinal deformity]. PMID- 3230819 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of injuries of the liver]. PMID- 3230820 TI - [Subcapsular hematoma of the liver simulating malignant tumor]. PMID- 3230821 TI - [Amebic abscess of the liver]. PMID- 3230822 TI - [A case of primary pyogenic abscess of the liver]. PMID- 3230823 TI - [A case of giant echinococcal cysts]. PMID- 3230824 TI - [Study of the level of "middle molecules" in patients with pathology of the organs of the hepatobiliary system]. PMID- 3230825 TI - [Large lipoma of the round ligament of the liver]. PMID- 3230826 TI - [Splenectomy during surgery of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 3230827 TI - [Combined injuries of the inferior vena cava, transverse colon and the gallbladder]. PMID- 3230829 TI - [Removal of concrements from the common bile duct using a device]. PMID- 3230828 TI - [Plastic surgery of a defect of the common hepatic duct using the round ligament of the liver]. PMID- 3230830 TI - [A method of treating cholangitis]. PMID- 3230831 TI - [A method of transduodenal papillosphincterotomy]. PMID- 3230832 TI - [Drainage of the extrahepatic bile ducts in transduodenal papillosphincterotomy]. PMID- 3230833 TI - [Combined T-shaped tube for external drainage of the common bile duct]. PMID- 3230834 TI - [Prevention of bile outflow after surgery of the bile ducts]. PMID- 3230835 TI - [Nasogastroduodenal drainage in surgery of the bile ducts and duodenum]. PMID- 3230836 TI - [Left-side lobectomy in focal lesions of the liver]. PMID- 3230837 TI - [A case of myocardial infarction in a patient with botulism]. PMID- 3230838 TI - [Long-term recurrent course of basalioma with metastasis to the lung]. PMID- 3230839 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the lung in a 25-year-old woman]. PMID- 3230840 TI - [Use of antibiotics at a multi-disciplinary hospital]. PMID- 3230841 TI - [Aerosol therapy of patients with lung diseases]. PMID- 3230843 TI - [Tasks in the training of physician-therapists during perestroika]. PMID- 3230842 TI - [Principles of the treatment of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3230845 TI - [Modular principle of the organization of independent work of interns and residents]. PMID- 3230844 TI - [Characteristics of professional qualifications and their role in the certification of physician-therapists]. PMID- 3230846 TI - [Anti-recurrence treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3230847 TI - [Current problems of chronomedicine]. PMID- 3230848 TI - [Biogenic amines and acetylcholine in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3230849 TI - [Differential diagnosis of immunopathologic and bacterial pulmonary inflammation]. PMID- 3230850 TI - [Hemosorption in the treatment of pre-asthma and bronchial asthma with a mild course]. PMID- 3230851 TI - [Inhalation of lidocaine in pulmonology]. PMID- 3230852 TI - [Peroral therapy with expectorants]. PMID- 3230853 TI - [Effect of antioxidant therapy on lipid peroxidation in patients with acute and protracted pneumonia]. PMID- 3230854 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in patients with multiple primary malignant tumors]. PMID- 3230856 TI - [Vasopressin secretion in hypertension of the hypothalamic origin]. PMID- 3230855 TI - [New approaches to the treatment of Felty's syndrome]. PMID- 3230857 TI - [Study of thymus gland function for the prognosis of the course of myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3230858 TI - [Diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis]. PMID- 3230859 TI - [Corticosteroid tuberculosis]. PMID- 3230860 TI - [A case of corticosteroid-induced myocarditis in a patient with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3230861 TI - [A rare case of multiple arteriovenous malformations of the lungs]. PMID- 3230862 TI - [Aortic rupture at a young age]. PMID- 3230863 TI - Plasma exchange technique in the unheparinized, unanaesthetized rat. AB - An inexpensive and convenient plasma exchange technique has been developed in the rat, which avoids heparin and membrane plasmapheresis technology. The use of a reliable venous vascular access on unanaesthetized, briefly restrained animals is described. PMID- 3230864 TI - Serodiagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in guinea pigs by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Guineapig antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN) serotype 19F were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a simple procedure. In experimentally infected hosts, antibody was detectable as early as 2 to 3 weeks after infection, and high titres were maintained for a long period. Antibodies higher than 1:64 were regarded as specific. In a field study, high antibody titres were shown in SPN enzootic colonies in contrast to negative or low antibody titres in a majority of the animals from non-enzootic and SPF colonies. PMID- 3230865 TI - Ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). AB - The combination of ketamine-xylazine was assessed as a surgical anaesthetic in Djungarian hamsters acclimatized to both long (16 h light: 8 h dark) and short (8 h light: 16 h dark) photoperiods. It was concluded that 50 mg/kg of ketamine with 10 mg/kg of xylazine or 100 mg/kg of ketamine with 5-10 mg/kg of xylazine when given together by intraperitoneal injection was a satisfactory general anaesthetic. Two hundred mg/kg of ketamine with 10 mg/kg xylazine caused death in 13 of 24 animals. There were no clinically significant effects on depth of anaesthesia due to photoperiod. PMID- 3230866 TI - The extent of coprophagy in rats with differing iron status and its effect on iron absorption. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of coprophagy in rats with differing iron status and its effect on the measurement of iron absorption from test meals with and without bran. Two experiments were performed using radioisotope-labelled microspheres added as a non-digestible marker for the ingested faeces and the diet and 59Fe added as a marker for the nonhaem iron in the test meal. In this study, coprophagy occurred at group mean rates of between 5 and 22% and was independent of the iron status of the rats or the presence or absence of bran in the diet. The relative absorption of iron, measured as the retention of 59Fe from a single meal, was affected to the same extent in groups with the same iron status, if it was affected at all. Thus comparisons of iron absorption from diets with and without bran should not be affected by coprophagy. PMID- 3230867 TI - Assessment of discomfort in rats with hepatomegaly. AB - An attempt was made to assess discomfort in rats with hepatomegaly induced by feeding a high cholesterol, high cholate diet. After 8 weeks, the rats displayed a more than two-fold increase in liver weight when compared with controls fed a commercial diet. In a small open field test, behaviour of rats with hepatomegaly was similar to the controls. Of 9 parameters scored per rat, only the response to pressure on the right hypochondrium (tension of overlying muscles) scored higher than in control animals. There was considerable between-assessor variation in the assignment of scores. It is suggested, tentatively, that hepatomegaly in rats caused by cholesterol plus cholate feeding, may not cause extreme discomfort. Upon 'blind' palpation of control and test rats, an average of 60% of the rats with hepatomegaly were classified correctly. PMID- 3230868 TI - Gross anatomy of the liver, biliary tree, and pancreas in the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). AB - The gross anatomy of the liver, extrapetatic biliary tree, sphincter of Oddi, and pancreas in the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), a widely used animal model for investigations into biliary physiology, pathophysiology, and pathology, was studied in 10 animals. The liver consists of 4 lobes, the left lateral, median, right lateral, and caudate. The gallbladder lies on the ventral surface of the right lobule of the median lobe. The cystic and hepatic ducts unite to form the common bile duct which enters the duodenum approximately 5 mm distal to the pylorus. The lower end of the common duct dilates forming an ampulla which is surrounded proximally by a band of circular muscle fibres which constitute the choledochal sphincter. The pancreatic duct opens separately into the duodenum approximately 80 mm from the pylorus. Earlier physiologic studies have demonstrated that the choledochal sphincter has intrinsic motility distinct from the duodenum. PMID- 3230869 TI - An epizootic infection of Citrobacter freundii in a guineapig colony: short communication. AB - An epizootic infection of Citrobacter freundii in a guineapig colony is reported. From 1300 guineapigs maintained in a colony, a total of 115 guineapigs died. Lesions found postmortem were suggestive of acute pneumonia and enteritis. Citrobacter freundii was consistently isolated from necropsy specimens of lung, liver, spleen and intestines of the animals. The source of infection was not ascertained. PMID- 3230870 TI - The simian-type M and the human-type ABO blood groups in the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops): their inheritance, distribution and significance for the management of a breeding colony. AB - We have established a new simian-type blood group system (M blood groups) in the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), using a haemagglutinating antibody which was developed by alloimmunization. The M blood groups consisted of two phenotypes, type-M and type-m. We have also determined the mode of inheritance as well as the distribution of both simian-type M and human-type ABO blood groups, employing 113 families including 160 animals. The family analysis revealed that (1) the simian-type M blood groups were governed by the two alleles, dominant M and recessive m, and (2) the human-type ABO blood groups were governed by 3 alleles, codominant A and B and silent O, although no monkey of phenotype-O was found in our breeding colony. Differences in the phenotypic distribution and gene frequency of respective M and ABO blood groups were observed among 3 populations imported at different times. The genetic management of the African green monkey breeding colony was discussed in relation to the difference in distribution of phenotypes of M and ABO blood groups between the parental (wild-originated) and the first filial (colony-born) populations. PMID- 3230871 TI - Four methods for general anaesthesia in the rabbit: a comparative study. AB - The efficacy and safety of pentobarbitone, ketamine/xylazine, fentanyl/fluanisone/diazepam, and halothane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia were compared in 4 groups of six New Zealand White rabbits. Heart and respiratory rates, body temperature, reflexes, blood pressure and blood gases were measured. Pentobarbitone appeared to be unsuitable for anaesthesia in rabbits, as 5 of the 6 rabbits to whom it was administered, required artificial respiration or died. The combinations of ketamine/xylazine and fentanyl-fluanisone/diazepam both produced unpredictable levels of anaesthesia together with a substantial decline in arterial blood pressure and PO2. Despite a severe drop in blood pressure (up to 37.5%), anaesthesia with halothane and nitrous oxide was found to be superior to the other anaesthetic agents. PMID- 3230872 TI - The use of metronidazole, tinidazole and dimetridazole in eliminating trichomonads from laboratory mice. AB - Metronidazole, tinidazole and dimetridazole were administered in the drinking water for 5 days to mice experimentally infected with Tritrichomonas muris and Tetratrichomonas microta. Mice were successfully infected with T. muris and T. microta recovered from infected gerbils. The trichomonas infection was successfully eliminated in mice given a 1% sucrose solution containing 2.5 mg/ml metronidazole or tinidazole. Mice receiving 1.0 mg/ml metronidazole, 1.0 mg/ml tinidazole and 1.2, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml dimetridazole failed to eliminate the trichomonas organism. A reduction in water intake was only noted with mice receiving 10 mg/ml dimetridazole. In mice receiving only 1% sucrose the infection was not eliminated. PMID- 3230873 TI - Craniopharyngioma in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): a case report. AB - A case of spontaneously occurring infiltrative craniopharyngioma in a laboratory reared gerbil is reported. The histopathological and ultrastructural features are described. PMID- 3230874 TI - Environmental ultrasound in laboratories and animal houses: a possible cause for concern in the welfare and use of laboratory animals. AB - Many laboratory animals are known to be sensitive to sounds (ultrasounds) beyond the nominal upper limit (20 kHz) of the human hearing range. Sources of sound in laboratories and animal houses were examined to determine the extent of ambient ultrasound. Of 39 sources monitored, 24 were found to emit ultrasonic sounds. Many of these (e.g. cage washers and hoses) also produced sound in the audible range. Running taps, squeaky chairs and rotating glass stoppers created particularly high sound pressure levels and contained frequencies to over 100 kHz. The oscilloscopes and visual display units investigated provided particular cause for concern as they emitted sounds that were entirely ultrasonic and therefore were apparently silent. Ambient ultrasound therefore appears to be common in laboratories and animal houses. It is suggested that its effect on laboratory animals should be investigated and guidelines on acceptable levels be formulated. PMID- 3230875 TI - Health services utilization and special education: development of a school nurse activity tool. AB - Increasing competition exists for resources to support health services for children receiving special education. Consequently, management tools to document services when claiming these resources need to be developed. The purposes of this study were to develop a time study instrument based on nursing activities in the school, compare nursing time provided to special education children and their nondisabled peers in general education settings, compare nursing process activities in traditional settings and in special education settings, and elicit feedback from nurses to improve the validity and reliability of the time study process. Eighteen nurses representing rural, urban, and suburban schools completed a time study for two weeks, quantifying services provided in the health room. Nurses recorded student educational status, special education category or not, nursing process activity, and the time utilized per student contact. Results indicated 48.2% of school nursing time was attributed to services for special education students during the study period. Most nursing process activities for both settings were in assessment of problems and in direct services. Findings indicate the instrument can provide objective documentation of special education health services, providing a base for claiming important resources for school health services. PMID- 3230876 TI - Health education needs in child care programs. AB - This article contains results from an assessment of health education needs in child care programs serving preschool children. The assessment included identification of the scope of health education activities provided in child care programs, and the program director's perception of benefits of and barriers to health education in child care settings. A mail survey assessed the health education needs in a random sample of licensed child care programs in Alabama. Survey results identified factors affecting adoption and delivery of early childhood health education programs. PMID- 3230877 TI - Tobacco use prevention and health facilitator effectiveness. AB - Tobacco prevention programs often use peers to teach refusal skills to other adolescents. College undergraduate health facilitators delivered a tobacco prevention intervention to sixth and seventh grade students in six schools. Outside observers evaluated facilitators in seven categories: being prepared, maintaining class control, keeping students' attention, encouraging participation, communication, relating to students, and working well in a team. Facilitators were rated highly in all categories. Higher rated health facilitators had more effect in reducing tobacco use than poorly rated facilitators. Facilitators who worked well in a team, related well to students, and were well-prepared were especially effective in positively influencing program outcomes. PMID- 3230878 TI - Patterns and prevalence of smokeless tobacco use by high school seniors in New York. AB - Patterns and prevalence of smokeless tobacco use by high school seniors in New York state were identified in this study. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 10% of each senior class in 96 randomly selected public and nonpublic secondary schools in New York; 1,830 students participated. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests. Comparisons were made by gender, hometown status, concurrent use of smokeless tobacco and cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco use versus cigarette smoking. Results revealed a significant difference existed between males and females and between urban and rural smokeless tobacco use (p = .05). Use of chewing tobacco related significantly to use of cigarettes (p = .05). A significant difference existed between prevalence of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use (p = .05). Smokeless tobacco use by high school seniors in New York is predominantly a habit of rural males. Use of chewing tobacco is related to cigarette smoking, and smokeless tobacco was less prevalent than cigarette smoking in the sample (p = .05). Further research on the relationship between smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking should be conducted. Use of chemical assays or the bogus pipeline to validate self-reported data is recommended. Identified high-risk groups such as rural males should receive particular attention in future research efforts. PMID- 3230879 TI - School-based clinics: meeting teens' health care needs. PMID- 3230880 TI - Teaching the unreliability of testimonials. PMID- 3230881 TI - Wellness awareness day at Leo Elementary School. PMID- 3230882 TI - Library resources to prevent the spread of HIV. PMID- 3230883 TI - Anticipatory and carry-over nasal coarticulation in the speech of children and adults. AB - Producing (n) requires a lingual constriction to be formed and the velopharyngeal port (VPP) to be opened. This study examined interarticulator timing in the speech of adults and children aged 5 and 10 years. A new acoustic method was developed to determine the time at which VPP opening began during vowels spoken in the context of (d-n), and VPP closing reached completion in vowels spoken in the context of (n-d). Adults and children alike nasalized most of the vowels in the (d-n) context. This suggested that the children's speech was not more "segmental" than adults'. It suggested, further, that nasalizing vowels in a (d n) context is a natural speech process that need not be learned by young children. The children, like the adults, nasalized most of the vowels spoken in the context of (n-d). The lack of significant between-group differences, taken together with several other findings of the study, is consistent with the view that the temporal domain of carry-over nasal coarticulation is determined largely by the time needed to close the VPP (i.e., by inertial properties of the speech production mechanism). PMID- 3230884 TI - Accuracy of pressure-flow estimates of velopharyngeal orifice size in an analog model and human subjects. AB - This study examined the accuracy of pressure-flow estimates of velopharyngeal (V P) orifice size as applied to an analog model and two human subjects. Accuracy was assessed under differing conditions of degree of nasal resistance and type of instrumental interface. Known V-P orifice openings were introduced in the model through use of cover plates and in the humans through use of modified nasopharyngeal obturators. Nasal resistances were altered with perforated nasal plugs. Instrumental interfaces differed principally in the method used to detect nasal cavity pressure. Measures were applied to the hydrokinetic equation to estimate V-P area values. Data from the analog model and the human subjects were comparable in many respects. In low nasal resistance, area estimates were reasonably accurate regardless of the interface utilized. In high nasal resistance error typically increased, although not equally across interface types. Potential sources of error are identified and discussed. PMID- 3230885 TI - Stutterers' and nonstutterers' voice fundamental frequency changes in response to auditory stimuli. AB - An acoustic analysis of certain aspects of voice fundamental frequency (Fo) in response to auditory clicks may provide a tool for studying short-latency auditory-laryngeal reflexes in humans (Sapir, McClean, & Larson, 1983). The purpose of this investigation was to compare 18 adult male stutterers' and 19 adult male nonstutterers' auditory-laryngeal reflexes. Subjects sustained phonation at constant pitch and intensity levels while receiving bilateral auditory click stimuli. Fo signal averages were generated and measured. Data analyses indicated that there were no differences between stutterers and nonstutterers with respect to the frequency of reflex occurrence. Also, there were no significant group differences with respect to the mean reflex temporal measures or the variability of the reflex temporal measures. PMID- 3230887 TI - Judgments and measurements of the loudness of tinnitus before and after masking. AB - This study explored the relation between changes reported in the perception of the loudness of tinnitus after noise exposure and changes measured in matches to the loudness of tinnitus after noise exposure. Preexposure assessment of the loudness of tinnitus was followed by monaural exposure to wide-band Gaussian noise (for a 5-min period), after which a pulsed, 200-ms tone was presented either ipsilateral or contralateral to the exposed ear. Following each noise exposure, the subject (a) judged the change in the pre- and postexposure tinnitus strength and (b) compared the loudness of the postexposure tinnitus to that of the pure tone. By combining data across noise exposures, a measure of the postexposure tinnitus magnitude was computed. For three of six subjects, the pre- and postexposure magnitude did not differ significantly even though the judgments indicated that the pre- and postexposure loudness of the tinnitus had changed. These data raise the possibility that some loudness judgments reflect variability in the tinnitus rather than the effect of the noise on the tinnitus. PMID- 3230886 TI - Changes in pure-tone thresholds and temporary threshold shifts as a function of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives. AB - The present study examined the effects of exogenous and endogenous ovarian hormones on auditory functioning in young women. Fluctuations in pure tone thresholds and temporary threshold shifts (TTS) at 4 kHz and 6 kHz were assessed across the menstrual cycle. A group of normally cycling, ovulatory women and a group of women using Ortho Novum 7/7/7, a tri-phasic oral contraceptive, were tested during menstruation, at ovulation, and during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. A group of men served as controls and were tested at 3 similarly spaced intervals. Only the normally cycling women had significant cyclic fluctuations in auditory sensitivity, displaying poorer thresholds at 4 kHz during the menstrual phase than at the time of ovulation or during the luteal phase. In addition, normally cycling women were found to have significantly less TTS at 6 kHz during the menstrual phase than women using oral contraceptives. PMID- 3230888 TI - Effect of three conditions of predictability on word-recognition performance. AB - This study compared the effects of three conditions of word predictability on recognition performance. Word-recognition scores were obtained for 30 normally hearing listeners using three pairs of sentence lists. Each list contained target words preceded by a variety of predictability-high (PH) and predictability-low (PL) phrases and a constant predictability-neutral carrier phrase (CP) in three signal-to-babble ratio (S/B) listening conditions (-5, 0, and +5 dB). Significant differences (p less than .05) were observed between PH, PL, and CP word recognition scores for specific S/B's and pairs of sentence lists. The results were interpreted in terms of cognitive processing tasks associated with the various semantic and contextual cues provided by each condition of word predictability. PMID- 3230890 TI - Prediction of individual loudness exponents from cross-modality matching. AB - An investigation of the relation among individual power-function exponents for 51 adults with normal hearing was undertaken. Three different psychophysical procedures were employed: absolute magnitude estimation (AME), absolute magnitude production (AMP), and cross-modality matching (CMM) between loudness and perceived length. From these procedures, loudness exponents obtained directly from measurements of AME and AMP of loudness were compared to exponents predicted from CMM and AME of perceived length. The means of the distributions of measured and predicted exponents were found to have an identical value of 0.56. Moreover, more than half of the differences between the predicted and measured exponents ranged from -.07 to +.09, giving measured deviations that extend from -12.5 to 16%. The close agreement between the measured and predicted means, ranges, and distributions of exponent values implies that CMM combined with line-length information can be used with success to determine an individual's rate of loudness growth. PMID- 3230889 TI - Speech acts and the pragmatic deficits of autism. AB - In a videotaped free-play session with a parent, autistic children were compared with mental-age matched Developmental Language Delay (DLD) children and with normally developing (ND) 2-year-olds in the use of communicative acts by parent and child. Groups were matched for language level. Autistic children had more incidents of no responses, produced less affirming, turn-taking vocalization, and gesture, and were less likely to initiate communication than other children. Parent groups differed only in a greater amount of initiating and use of imperatives by parents of autistic children. Few relations between parent behaviors and child behaviors were found. Nonresponses by all children were concentrated subsequent to parent imperatives and questions, but no group differences were found in the distribution of nonresponses to various parent communicative acts. Results are interpreted to support the hypothesis that autistic children's language can serve a number of useful functions but that their pattern of language functions differs from that of nonautistic language impaired children and much younger normal children of similar language level. PMID- 3230891 TI - Reliability of spontaneous otoacoustic emission suppression tuning curve measures. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to study the reliability of spontaneous otoacoustic emission (SOAE) suppression tuning curve (STC) measurements. Two repetitions of an SOAE STC, using a 4-dB suppression criterion, were obtained from 5 subjects who exhibited stable SOAE level (SD less than or equal to 1.5 dB) and SOAE frequency (+/- 5 Hz). Analyses of variance revealed no significant difference between the SOAE STC trials (p greater than .05). The SOAE frequency was below the SOAE STC tip, which is similar to the relationship between the probe frequency and a simultaneously masked psychophysical tuning curve. The mean slope of the SOAE STC low-frequency segment was 53.7 dB/octave, whereas the mean slope of the SOAE STC high-frequency segment was 124.8 dB/octave. The mean low- to high-frequency slope ratio was 2.4. The mean Q10 value for the 5 subjects was 5.3. The SOAE STC low- and high-frequency slopes and Q10 were similar to psychophysical tuning curve data obtained in simultaneous masking and physiological tuning curve data. PMID- 3230892 TI - Phonemic information transmitted by a multichannel electrotactile speech processor. AB - A wearable electrotactile speech processor was evaluated in a study with seven normally hearing and four hearing-impaired subjects. The processor estimated the fundamental frequency, the second-formant frequency, and amplitude of the acoustic speech signal. These parameters were presented as a pattern of electrical pulses applied to eight electrodes positioned over the digital nerve bundles on one hand. The device was shown to provide useful information for the recognition of phonemes in closed sets of words using tactile information alone. The device also supplemented lipreading to improve the recognition of open-set words. The recognition of duration and first- and second-formant frequencies of vowels and the recognition of voicing and manner of consonants were improved over recognition with lipreading alone. Recognition of final consonants was improved more than recognition of initial consonants. These results indicate that the device may be useful to both severely and profoundly hearing-impaired people. PMID- 3230893 TI - Temporal changes in word revisions by children and adults. AB - A study was conducted to investigate the temporal changes that occur when a speaker attempts to revise words for a listener. Specifically, the study was designed to examine whether adults and children modify the timing of vowel and consonant production in response to listener miscomprehension. Four adults and sixteen 5-year-old boys and girls served as subjects. They were asked to repeat words that differed in voicing of initial and final stop consonants (back, pack, cab, cap), and to respond to either specific revision requests focused on initial or final sound segments, or to a general revision request. The speech waveform was used to measure the following: Voice Onset Time, vowel duration, final closure duration, and total word duration. Results revealed that children and adults made segmental changes in duration while preserving total word length in revised speech. The effect was a decrease in vowel duration and an increase in final closure duration for revised responses, regardless of the source of miscomprehension. These durational changes result in an apparent enhancement of the final consonantal portion of the misperceived word. All linguistic distinctions in voicing were maintained in the revised words. There were no major differences between adults and children in the type of revision responses produced. PMID- 3230894 TI - Selected temporal aspects of coordination during fluent speech of young stutterers. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the onsets, offsets, and durations of respiratory, articulatory, and laryngeal behaviors associated with the perceptually fluent speech of young stutterers (n = 8) to those of their normally fluent peers (n = 8). Simultaneous recordings of the targeted behaviors were made using noninvasive, minimally intrusive instrumentation. Specific temporal parameters of coordination--onsets, offsets, and durations of muscle activity and structural movement--were assessed within a particular component of the speech production system (e.g., onset of lower lip closing relative to lower lip opening muscle activity) as well as between different components (e.g., onset of rib cage deflation relative to onset of vocal fold contact for voicing). Results indicated that there were neither statistically significant nor apparent differences between the perceptually fluent speech of young stutterers and that of their normally fluent peers in terms of selected temporal characteristics of coordination. Findings suggest that the molar temporal characteristics of coordination for young stutterers' fluent speech production(s) are not appreciably different from those of their normally fluent peers and further, any temporal characteristics of stutterers' fluent speech that do differ from normal are probably brief, as well as subtle, in nature. PMID- 3230895 TI - Constancy of relative timing for stutterers and nonstutterers. AB - Fifteen stutterers and 15 nonstutterers read a 120-word passage five times in succession. From the stutterers' readings, sentences were selected for analysis that were produced fluently in the first and the fifth reading. The sentences surrounding the target utterance in the first reading, however, contained instances of stuttering although the surrounding sentences in the fifth reading were fluent. The same utterances were selected from the first and fifth readings produced by the nonstutterers, but the surrounding sentences were fluent for both samples. Four separate relative timing ratios were defined by measuring an acoustic period and an acoustic latency and dividing the period by the latency. Analysis of the ratios revealed no significant differences between the groups in spite of the rate changes that occurred between the readings. The data indicate that not all aspects of a stutterer's speech are affected by the stuttering, and that relative timing may be a critical parameter for the production of fluent utterances. PMID- 3230896 TI - Measures of signal processing in persons with sensorineural hearing loss below 6 kHz. AB - Estimates of threshold, wide- and narrow-band noise masking, frequency and amplitude modulation detection, gap detection, and rate discrimination were obtained from 10 subjects with near-normal hearing at frequencies above 6 kHz, but severe-to-profound hearing losses at lower frequencies. The same measures were obtained from 10 young control subjects with normal hearing sensitivity for all frequencies up to 16 kHz. The hearing-impaired subjects were able to process sounds in the region of near-normal hearing sensitivity as well as the unimpaired control subjects. Performance in the low-frequency, impaired region depended on the lowest frequency of near-normal hearing sensitivity. PMID- 3230898 TI - Reverberation, masking, filtering, and level effects on speech recognition performance. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to describe the interactive effects of four signal modifications typically encountered in everyday communication settings. These modifications included reverberation, masking, filtering, and fluctuation in speech intensity. The relationship between recognition performance and spectral changes to the speech signal due to the presence of these signal alterations was also studied. The interactive effects of these modifications were evaluated by obtaining indices of nonsense syllable recognition ability from normally hearing listeners for systematically varied combinations of the four signal parameters. The results of this study were in agreement with previous studies concerned with the effect of these variables in isolation on speech recognition ability. When present in combination, the direction of each variable's effect on recognition performance is maintained; however, the magnitude of the effect increases. The results of this investigation are reasonably accounted for a spectral theory of speech recognition. PMID- 3230897 TI - Task-specific organization of activity in human jaw muscles. AB - Coordination of jaw muscle activity for speech production sometimes has been modeled using nonspeech behaviors. This orientation has been especially true in representations of mandibular movement in which the synergy of jaw muscles for speech production has been suggested to be derived from the central pattern generator (CPG) for chewing. The present investigation compared the coordination of EMG activity in mandibular muscles over a range of speech and nonspeech tasks. Results of a cross-correlational analysis between EMG signals demonstrated that the muscle synergies of the mandibular system depend on task demands. Contrary to some of the models discussed, continuous speech production yielded activation patterns that were clearly not related to coordinative patterns generated by the chewing CPG. PMID- 3230899 TI - Automatic phonetogram recording supplemented with acoustical voice-quality parameters. AB - A new method for automatic voice-quality registration is presented. The method is based on a technique called phonetography, which is the registration of the dynamic range of a voice as a function of fundamental frequency. In the new phonetogram-recording method fundamental frequency (Fo) and sound-pressure level (SPL) are automatically measured and represented in an XY-diagram. Three additional acoustical voice-quality parameters are measured simultaneously with Fo and SPL: (a) jitter in the Fo as a measure for roughness, (b) the SPL difference between the 0-1.5 kHz and the 1.5-5 kHz bands as a measure for sharpness, and (c) the vocal-noise level above 5 kHz as a measure for breathiness. With this method, the voice-quality parameter values, which may change substantially as a function of Fo and SPL, are pinned to a reference position in the patient's total vocal range. Seen as a reference tool, the phonetogram opens the possibility for a more meaningful comparison of voice quality data. Some examples, demonstrating the dependence of the chosen quality parameters on Fo and SPL are given. PMID- 3230900 TI - Spontaneous speaking fundamental frequency of 6-year-old black children. AB - The fundamental vocal frequency characteristics were measured from 50 male and 50 female Black 6-year-old children during prompted spontaneous speech. Boys had a mean fundamental frequency of 219.50 Hz, with a mean range of 134.80-298-70 Hz. Girls had a mean fundamental frequency (Fo) of 211.30 Hz and a mean frequency range of 137.60-297.50 Hz. No significant differences in mean or range values were found as a function of speaker sex. Nonsignificant relationships were found between physical variables of speaker height and weight and these Fo measures for either sex and for the speaker group combined. The results of the present study were compared to previous research concerning the speaking fundamental vocal frequency of White children. PMID- 3230901 TI - Diurnal variations in responses to exercise of "morning types" and "evening types". PMID- 3230902 TI - Telemetrical study of the handball goal-keeper's heart rate during official and non-official competitions in the attack and defense phases. PMID- 3230903 TI - Validation of a three minute height-adjusted step test. PMID- 3230904 TI - A study on placement of stretching within a workout. PMID- 3230905 TI - Psychological factors associated with performance in the ultramarathon. PMID- 3230907 TI - High altitude changes in mountaineers. Part A: Over-night urinary volume and some serum values in mountaineers during active expedition. PMID- 3230906 TI - Effect of different work-loads on sweat production and composition in man. PMID- 3230908 TI - High altitude changes in mountaineers. Part B: Trace proteinuria in student mountaineers. PMID- 3230911 TI - Sexual dimorphism and sports results. PMID- 3230910 TI - The study of running speed in the cause-effect system of path analysis. PMID- 3230909 TI - A comparison of training responses to interval versus continuous aerobic dance. PMID- 3230912 TI - Effects of single or multiple doses of L-carnitine on liver energetic metabolism of rats forced to run. PMID- 3230913 TI - Complete congenital heart block and physical exercise. A case report. PMID- 3230915 TI - Kinematic analysis of arm movements in sprint start. PMID- 3230914 TI - Effect of the circadian rhythm in body temperature on oxygen uptake. PMID- 3230916 TI - The effect of exercise intensity and hydration on athletic pseudonephritis. PMID- 3230917 TI - Peak physiological function and performance of recreational triathletes. PMID- 3230918 TI - Effect of inter-repetition rest intervals in circuit weight training on PWC170 during arm-cranking exercise. PMID- 3230920 TI - Sports injuries in medical school. A retrospective study. PMID- 3230919 TI - The effect of experimental protocol on the relationship between blood lactate and workload. PMID- 3230921 TI - Prediction of maximal oxygen intake using submaximal arm ergometry. PMID- 3230922 TI - Estimating the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity. PMID- 3230923 TI - The onset of the anaerobic threshold at three stages of physical maturity. PMID- 3230925 TI - Long and mid-term assessment of the evolution of muscular strength and power, after meniscectomy. PMID- 3230924 TI - Recovery metabolism and thermoregulation of endurance trained and heat acclimatized men. PMID- 3230926 TI - Relationships among pulmonary diffusing capacity, lung volumes and maximal oxygen consumption. PMID- 3230927 TI - A comparison of various exercise challenge tests on airway reactivity in atopical swimmers. PMID- 3230928 TI - Heart volume and electrocardiographic studies in sprinters and soccerplayers. PMID- 3230929 TI - Pulmonary function loss in patients on long-term anticonvulsive therapy. PMID- 3230930 TI - Total ankle arthroplasty: a review of 37 cases. PMID- 3230932 TI - Traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. PMID- 3230931 TI - Bulla versus pneumothorax: a diagnostic dilemma. PMID- 3230933 TI - Musculoskeletal debility and multiorgan dysfunction. PMID- 3230934 TI - Subcutaneous deposition of elemental mercury. PMID- 3230935 TI - Loss prevention case of the month. Let the record speak--please! PMID- 3230936 TI - [A guideline for home nursing and bathing services]. PMID- 3230937 TI - [Problems in nursing management: discharge of a patient without relatives and using the hospital as his address]. PMID- 3230938 TI - [Problems in nursing management: the family's desire to place the patient in a geriatric hospital in spite of her recovery and ability to ambulate on her own]. PMID- 3230939 TI - [Keywords concerning nursing management. The clinical ladder, a system to raise the quality of care and the degree of satisfaction by nurses]. PMID- 3230940 TI - [Personality: Mr. Terumasa Kurota, a former news reporter, currently active in the campaign for home care of the aged]. PMID- 3230941 TI - [Problems in nursing education: problems and interest in sex among nursing students; an optimum form of sex education at nursing schools]. PMID- 3230942 TI - [Problems in clinical training in nursing: a method to guide students with short attention spans]. PMID- 3230943 TI - [Development in the field of nursing in the United States. Serious nursing shortage--its causes and countermeasures]. PMID- 3230944 TI - [Nurse shortage and a thought by a ward manager--maintenance of the ward operation in spite of the crises]. PMID- 3230945 TI - [Nursing shortage in the United States: the current status of the service offered by nursing agencies]. PMID- 3230946 TI - [The future of nursing instructors of an increasing number of nursing schools which are being closed]. PMID- 3230947 TI - [Development in nursing services in the United States. The current status of geriatric services, nursing homes, and home nursing]. PMID- 3230948 TI - [Nursing development in the United States. Multiplicity of nursing specialties and assignment systems for staff nurses]. PMID- 3230950 TI - [The status of nurse-practitioners in the United States]. PMID- 3230949 TI - [The current status and future problems of primary nursing in the United States]. PMID- 3230951 TI - [Lessons from the state of the nursing profession in the United States]. PMID- 3230952 TI - [The self-image and nursing education]. PMID- 3230953 TI - [A plan to develop the nursing career]. PMID- 3230954 TI - [Case studies and key points in training nursing group leaders]. PMID- 3230955 TI - [The process of introduction of primary nursing at St. Luke's International Hospital (6)]. PMID- 3230956 TI - [A documented study on the effectiveness of the use of a nursing model]. PMID- 3230957 TI - [On man and nursing. Aging. 12. The people involved in the development of geriatric problems. A discussion]. PMID- 3230958 TI - [Better patient care through nursing research. 6]. PMID- 3230959 TI - [The contents of education of nursing specialties (3)--Psychiatric nursing and public health nursing]. PMID- 3230960 TI - Sources of father-infant bonding beliefs: implications for childbirth educators. AB - Media presentations, anecdotal reports, and survey data suggest that the public is invested in the concept of father-infant bonding. The purpose of the present study was to examine information sources influencing persons' beliefs concerning father-infant bonding. As a follow-up to their participation in a larger survey (N = 244), 17 subjects responded to individual, in-depth interviews investigating the strength and direction of laypersons' bonding beliefs. Specifically, the investigator wanted to know what types and sources of evidence people would cite as influencing their beliefs about father-infant bonding. Although a majority of respondents expressed strong belief in both the phenomenon of bonding and the existence of scientific evidence to support it, only one subject had direct exposure to a professional journal article on the topic. Of those subjects able to cite information sources impacting upon their bonding beliefs, "general knowledge" was most frequently cited, followed by mass media, classes, and popular readings. These findings can explain the mismatch between the lack of unequivocal empirical evidence supportive of father-infant bonding and the strength and pervasiveness of the subjects' beliefs. Implications are discussed for medical personnel and childbirth and parent educators. PMID- 3230962 TI - [Epidemiological study of an outbreak of Salmonella food poisoning in a geriatric population]. PMID- 3230961 TI - [Cardiac involvement and mortality in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Study of 35 patients]. PMID- 3230963 TI - [Free plasma drug concentration]. PMID- 3230964 TI - [Herpetic encephalitis]. PMID- 3230965 TI - [Hypocalcemia and cardiac insufficiency: a reciprocal influence]. PMID- 3230966 TI - [Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections in the personnel of a general hospital]. PMID- 3230967 TI - [Reversible right ventricular dysfunction caused by thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 3230968 TI - [Can control of dyslipemia be useful in the reduction of risk of ischemic cerebrovascular accidents?]. PMID- 3230970 TI - [Study of a measles epidemic in Gatova (Castellon) and the efficacy of measles vaccination]. PMID- 3230969 TI - [Study of immune response in pregnancy. II. Lymphocyte function]. PMID- 3230971 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: results of the DATOP-79 protocol]. PMID- 3230972 TI - [Immunity and pregnancy]. PMID- 3230973 TI - [Staphylococcus aureus meningitis]. PMID- 3230974 TI - [Increase in serum mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen (MCA) in patients with chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 3230975 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma as initial manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with rapid fatal outcome]. PMID- 3230976 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cryptosporidiosis of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 3230977 TI - [Atenolol-induced skin necrosis]. PMID- 3230978 TI - [Need for greater accuracy in epidemiological studies]. PMID- 3230979 TI - [Long-term treatment with acyclovir in recurrent herpes encephalitis]. PMID- 3230980 TI - [Potentially infective accidents in relation to human immunodeficiency virus in health personnel]. PMID- 3230981 TI - [Liver cirrhosis and hypoxemia: contribution of pulmonary scintigraphy]. PMID- 3230982 TI - [Upper gastrointestinal fiberoptic endoscopy and convulsive crises]. PMID- 3230983 TI - [Is clinical medicine a scientific activity?]. PMID- 3230984 TI - [Incidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a population from the Barcelona area]. PMID- 3230985 TI - [Clinical and ergometric evaluation of diltiazem in the treatment of angina pectoris]. PMID- 3230986 TI - [The complement system in bacteremia caused by gram-negative bacteria]. PMID- 3230987 TI - [The complement system in bacteremia caused by gram-positive bacteria]. PMID- 3230988 TI - [Nuclear accidents. Real and potential dangers]. PMID- 3230989 TI - [Recommendations of the Helsinki Declaration on clinical investigation and main guidelines in the care and use of animals]. PMID- 3230990 TI - [Intestinal mucormycosis in acute leukemia]. PMID- 3230991 TI - [Periarticular inflammation of the ankles: clinical variant of Lofgren's syndrome]. PMID- 3230992 TI - [Electroneurography and the carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 3230993 TI - [Tetrabamate in the treatment of agoraphobia]. PMID- 3230994 TI - [Cranial injuries and regional hospitals]. PMID- 3230995 TI - [Nosocomial bacteremia: analysis of factors affecting prognosis]. PMID- 3230996 TI - Selective laser ablation of venous thrombus: implications for a new approach in the treatment of pulmonary embolus. AB - Laser radiation was employed to ablate venous thrombus or emboli with parameters that would not injure endovascular tissues. Output from a 482-nm, 1-microsec pulsed dye laser was delivered through a 320-microns-diameter fiber to in vitro samples of fresh thrombus (T), venous or pulmonary emboli (VE), inferior vena cava (IVC), pulmonary artery (PA), pulmonary valve, and endocardium (atrial and ventricular). The mean threshold fluences for ablation of T and VE were 1.1 and 5.1 J/cm2, respectively. In contrast, the mean threshold fluences for IVC and PA were significantly higher (P less than 0.0001), at 120 and 124 J/cm2, respectively. Ablation efficiency of thrombus was in excess of 100 mg/J, under conditions that caused no histologic injury to the pulmonary artery. To correlate ablation studies with optical absorption by the tissues, optical properties of fresh T, VE, IVC, and PA were studied. Hemoglobin species accounted for the more than 10 times higher 482-nm absorption by T and VE compared to IVC and PA. This explains the differences in ablation thresholds and, thus, the selectivity encountered. These observations demonstrate, more than any other study in the vascular system, that with pulsed optical radiation, efficient laser ablation of venous thrombus is feasible with a wide margin of safety, and without damage to the surrounding vascular tissue. PMID- 3230997 TI - Ablation of bone and methacrylate by a prototype mid-infrared erbium:YAG laser. AB - An erbium:YAG laser was used to generate 200-microseconds pulses of mid-infrared 2.94-microns light in both the single and multimode configurations. Laser pulses were focused on the surfaces of both rabbit long bones and methacrylate blocks, and the tissue response was examined histologically. The depth of thermal injury was determined by ocular micrometry. Over all energy levels tested, the erbium:YAG laser produced ablation of bone and methacrylate with minimal thermal damage to adjacent tissue. Increasing the laser energy per pulse produced increasingly wider and deeper grooves in both bone and methacrylate. However, such increase in laser energy produced a proportionately greater increase in the zone of thermal injury in methacrylate as compared with bone. These studies suggest the feasibility of a surgical erbium:YAG laser in orthopaedics and other forms of ablative surgery. PMID- 3230998 TI - Nd:YAG laser-induced hyperthermia in a mouse tumor model. AB - Hyperthermic tumor response induced by 1,064-nm radiation from an Nd:YAG laser was investigated in DBA/2J female mice bearing the SMT-F mammary carcinoma. The measured temperature-depth profiles indicate that hyperthermic temperatures can be achieved in tumors ranging from 3 to 8 mm thick at power inputs on the order of 1 W. For small tumors, a 5-week complete response rate exceeding 50% required 45 minutes at 45.0 degrees C. Control of large tumors (6-8 mm thick) was not achieved. The observed tumor response rates are consistent with semiempirical time-temperature relations based on other heating modalities. PMID- 3230999 TI - Comparison of local tumor recurrence following excision with the CO2 laser, Nd:YAG laser, and Argon Beam Coagulator. AB - This study compares the incidence of local tumor recurrence following primary excision with the CO2 laser, Nd:YAG laser (contact), Argon Beam Coagulator, or electrocautery. One hundred eight Fisher 344 rats with R3230AC mammary tumors (1.6 +/- 0.04 [SD] cm diameter) were used. All animals were randomized into groups of similar tumor size. In groups C and CS, excision was performed with a Sharplan 1060 CO2 laser (TEMoo, 25 W, continuous wave [CW], 0.2-mm spot size). Wounds in group CS were "sterilized" (0.5-mm spot size, 25 W, CW) by gently heating the wound without causing blanching or charring. In group N, a 0.4-mm contact Laser Blade and a Cooper 8000 Nd:YAG laser at 20 W CW was used. In groups SA1 and SA2, tumors were excised with the scalpel, and hemostasis and wound "sterilization" were accomplished with the Bard System 6000 Argon Beam Coagulator (ABC) at 40 W and 4 liters/min argon gas flow in SA1 and 12 liters/min in SA2. In group E, excision was accomplished at 40 W blend mode, 10 W spray mode. In group EA, excision was accomplished at 60 W cutting current, and hemostasis was achieved with the ABC. The animals were examined for evidence of recurrence for 34 days postoperatively. Mortalities were excluded from analysis. The incidence of recurrence was 11/14 (79%) in C, 6/16 (38%) in CS, 10/14 (71%) in SA1, 6/13 (46%) in SA2, 6/15 (40%) in N, 7/10 (70%) in EA, and 3/15 (20%) in E. Group E is statistically different (P less than .01) from groups EA, C, and SA1. Group C was different (P less than .01) from groups E, CS, and N. These results demonstrate an inverse relationship between tumor recurrence and local thermal effects at the surgical site. The ABC did not increase tumor recurrence. Contact YAG surgery was similar to CO2 laser excision and "sterilization." An attempt to study the influence of gas flow and pressure on local tumor recurrence and metastases should be made. PMID- 3231001 TI - [Prevention of perioperative thromboembolism and antithrombin III levels in patients who are to undergo major gynecologic operations]. PMID- 3231000 TI - Closure of rabbit ileum enterotomies with the argon and CO2 lasers: bursting pressures and histology. AB - In this study, we examined short-term strength and histology of experimental argon and CO2 laser-welded and control-sutured enterotomies in a rabbit model. Longitudinal 1.0-cm enterotomies were closed with the argon laser at 0.5 (n = 10) or 1.0 (n = 10) W power and a spot diameter of 2.8 mm resulting in energy fluences of 230 and 450 J/cm2, respectively. Similar enterotomies were closed using the CO2 laser at 0.5 (n = 10) or 1.0 (n = 10) W power and a spot diameter of 1.2 mm, resulting in energy fluences of 1,360 and 2,730 J/cm2. In all closures, continuous wave laser was delivered for 30 seconds. Using a pressure monitored infusion system with normal saline, the pressure required to burst each weld as well as sutured controls (n = 10) was recorded approximately 1 minute following fusion. Mean bursting pressures for the argon laser at 0.5 W and 1.0 W were 34.1 +/- 19.4 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) and 17.3 +/- 8.3 mm Hg, respectively, and for the CO2 laser were 23.5 +/- 12.0 mm Hg and 31.8 +/- 15.6 mm Hg, respectively. Sutured controls leaked at 45.2 +/- 12.0 mm Hg. With the exception of argon-laser welds at an energy fluence of 450 J/cm2, which were less than sutured repairs, the bursting pressures for welded closures were not significantly different from the sutured controls (Student's t distribution, P less than .05). Histologic examination of both types of welds demonstrated a fibrin and red blood cell coagulum bridging the anastomosis, with some evidence of mild thermal injury at the mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3231002 TI - [The thoracic outlet compression syndrome--angiographic diagnosis of vascular complications]. PMID- 3231003 TI - [Surgico-oncologic considerations in breast reconstruction after mastectomy]. PMID- 3231004 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the stomach in a neonate]. PMID- 3231005 TI - [The value of the Pavlik harness and the modified Hillgenreiner apparatus in the treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 3231006 TI - [Use of lasers in neurosurgery]. PMID- 3231007 TI - [The flow cell sorter]. PMID- 3231008 TI - Discrimination in the health care profession. A view from the "bench". PMID- 3231010 TI - Some psychological and legal considerations in the determination of incompetence in the elderly. PMID- 3231009 TI - Evaluation of the physicians' obligation to provide information in Denmark. PMID- 3231011 TI - Genetic testing: the legal position of relatives of test subjects. PMID- 3231012 TI - The relationship between abortion and child destruction in English law. PMID- 3231013 TI - The criminal use of chloroform administered by inhalation. PMID- 3231014 TI - Biomembranes and diseases. PMID- 3231015 TI - Evaluating the sexually active adolescent: identification of behavioral and biologic risk factors. PMID- 3231016 TI - Adolescent contraception. PMID- 3231017 TI - Peer counseling with adolescents. PMID- 3231018 TI - Sources of parenting education for adolescent mothers. PMID- 3231019 TI - Inner city teenagers' exposure to violence: a prevalence study. PMID- 3231020 TI - Adolescent suicide, homicide, and unintentional injuries. PMID- 3231022 TI - Substance abuse in adolescents. PMID- 3231021 TI - Pharmacologic issues in adolescence. PMID- 3231023 TI - [Combined effect of intrathecal morphine and nalbuphine for postoperative analgesia]. PMID- 3231024 TI - Effects of labetalol and lidocaine on B.P. and H.R. during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. PMID- 3231025 TI - Epidural meperidine: a novel approach to anesthetic management for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy--a comparison with epidural marcaine. PMID- 3231026 TI - [The anesthetic effect of acupoint injection in ESWL]. PMID- 3231027 TI - [The effect of succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia following pancuronium pretreatment]. PMID- 3231028 TI - Evaluation of fixation of oral endotracheal tube in edenturous patients. PMID- 3231029 TI - [Clonidine enhances analgesia produced by epidural lidocaine]. PMID- 3231030 TI - Unexplained hepatitis following reexposure to halothane at 10-year interval. PMID- 3231031 TI - Anesthesia of patient with bifascicular block--case report and literature review. PMID- 3231032 TI - Anesthesia for Apert's syndrome: a report of two cases. PMID- 3231033 TI - The HELP medical record system. PMID- 3231034 TI - The Regenstrief medical records. PMID- 3231035 TI - Computer-stored medical record systems. PMID- 3231036 TI - Computer-based medical records: the centerpiece of TMR. PMID- 3231037 TI - The STOR clinical information system. PMID- 3231038 TI - [Biguanides in oral antidiabetic therapy: indications and limitations]. PMID- 3231039 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta: description of familial cases]. PMID- 3231040 TI - [Amiodarone-induced thyroiditis: description of a case]. PMID- 3231042 TI - [Role of a prolonged-action analog of somatostatin SMS 201-995 in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3231041 TI - [Healing of esophageal ulcer after treatment with omeprazole in a patient with scleroderma and Barrett's esophagus]. PMID- 3231043 TI - [Pituitary thyrotropin function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: correlations with metabolic control parameters]. PMID- 3231045 TI - [Involutional osteoporosis and basal levels of prolactin]. PMID- 3231044 TI - [Combined treatment, polychemotherapy and amino-hydroxybutylidene-diphosphonate, of a patient with multiple myeloma: remission and long survival]. PMID- 3231047 TI - [Evaluation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in patients with pleural effusion with and without neoplasms]. PMID- 3231046 TI - [Subcutaneous calcifications: a rare side effect of calcium heparin]. PMID- 3231048 TI - [Impedance audiometry screening of schoolchildren living in seaside localities with Mediterranean climate]. PMID- 3231049 TI - [Epidemiological news on infectious diseases]. PMID- 3231050 TI - [Participation of the nurse in the pediatric polyclinic in the dispensary observation of children with chronic disease]. PMID- 3231051 TI - [Prevention of excessive body weight and obesity in industrial workers]. PMID- 3231052 TI - [Current problems in the social rehabilitation of mental patients]. PMID- 3231053 TI - [Organization of the amateur artistic activities of mental patients]. PMID- 3231054 TI - [Artistic creativity and its importance for the social rehabilitation of mental patients]. PMID- 3231055 TI - [Hereditary diseases related to disorders of amino acid metabolism]. PMID- 3231056 TI - [Psychological methods of examining children with hereditary diseases]. PMID- 3231057 TI - [Legionnaires' disease (legionellosis)]. PMID- 3231058 TI - [Erysipeloid (swine erysipelas)]. PMID- 3231059 TI - [Protection from ionizing radiation in the x-ray office]. PMID- 3231061 TI - [Practical aspects of the combined radiation treatment of cancer of the organs of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3231060 TI - [Safety technics in working in the x-ray office]. PMID- 3231062 TI - [The use of decoctions, infusions and extracts of medicinal plants in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3231063 TI - [The problems and outlook in creating drug forms for children]. PMID- 3231064 TI - [Deontological aspects of oncological stomatology]. PMID- 3231065 TI - [The development of nursing in the People's Republic of Cuba]. PMID- 3231066 TI - Serial changes in nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times after myocardial infarction in the rabbit: relationship to water content, severity of ischemia, and histopathology over a six-month period. AB - To determine the serial changes in T1 and T2 relaxation times of myocardial infarction, and their relationship to observed changes in water content, regional myocardial blood flow, and histopathology, rabbits were studied at 14 time intervals ranging from 30 min to 6 months after coronary artery ligation. All values were compared to a control group. Hearts were subdivided into infarct and normal segments for measurement of blood flow, water content, and relaxation times (20-MHz spectrometer); other hearts were excised intact for histopathologic studies. T1 relaxation time of infarcted myocardium did not change significantly compared to control over the 6-month study period. T2 relaxation time increased (P less than 0.0001) at 3 days and returned to baseline by 2 months. Consonant with the increase in T2 of infarct, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images at 3 days demonstrated an increase in signal intensity of infarct compared to surrounding normal myocardium. At 6 months, marked myocardial thinning was observed without changes in signal intensity. Changes in T2 of infarcted myocardium were not related to changes in water content or severity of ischemia, but correlated best with infarct healing and scar formation as detected on histopathology. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that T2 relaxation time of the infarcted myocardium increases markedly at 3 days and remains elevated for 2 months. These changes correlate best with the onset and progression of infarct healing. These data demonstrate the potential of T2 weighted NMR imaging for assessing healing patterns following ischemic myocardial injury. PMID- 3231067 TI - Calibrated uncoupling of tightly coupled concentric surface coils for in vivo NMR. AB - Three known active methods of detuning rf coils have been tested by determining the efficiency of uncoupling two concentric transmit surface coils in a double coil probe. In a comparison at 80 MHz, the method based on the use of lambda/4 cables was found to have advantages. These methods utilize the introduction of an additional resonance at the frequency of interest to completely detune a coil. By offsetting the detuning of the coil (by offsetting the additional resonance) a calibrated fraction of the rf field of the detuned coil can be added to or substracted from the rf field of the neighboring coil. PMID- 3231068 TI - Noise reduction in magnetic resonance imaging. AB - This paper describes a noise-reduction technique applicable to multiple measurement systems. This method, known as measurement-dependent filtering (or MDF), can be used to advantage in a number of MRI applications. We present the general theory for one of these applications, material-canceled projection imaging. We discuss and show the results of MDF for material-canceled images as well as for heavily T2-weighted spin-echo images and computed T2 images. Significant improvements in SNR are demonstrated while spatial resolution is preserved. PMID- 3231069 TI - Multicompartment analysis of blood flow and tissue perfusion employing D2O as a freely diffusible tracer: a novel deuterium NMR technique demonstrated via application with murine RIF-1 tumors. AB - Deuterium NMR is employed in concert with multicompartment kinetic analysis for measurement of tissue blood flow and perfusion through a bolus administration of D2O as a freely diffusible tracer. The traditional single-compartment and two compartment in-parallel flow models with no tracer recirculation are briefly discussed. The two-compartment in-series flow model with recirculation is developed to account for reflow of the stable (slowly excreted) deuterium tracer. With this model a monoexponential tracer washout curve is predicted. The rate of blood flow and tissue perfusion is readily extracted by three-parameter monoexponential analysis of the residue decay curve. A three-compartment model with recirculation, incorporating one compartment in-series with two compartments in-parallel, is developed for analysis of biexponential tracer washout curves. With this model the flow rates through the two in-parallel compartments (i.e., fast and slow) and the volume fractions of these two compartments are obtained by five-parameter biexponential analysis of the residue decay curve. Application of these multicompartment tracer-recirculation flow models is demonstrated with in situ determinations of murine RIF-1 tumor blood flow and tissue perfusion. The blood flow rates determined by deuterium NMR and analyzed by the multicompartment flow models agree well with those determined by others using radiolabels. A companion article (S.-G. Kim and J.J.H. Ackerman, Cancer Res. 48, 3449-3453, 1988) discusses in more depth the practical aspects of applying these multicompartment models to tumor blood flow measurement. PMID- 3231070 TI - High-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of breast cancer. AB - Surgical specimens from 22 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast were analyzed by high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy at 80 and 300 MHz. Results were compared with those obtained from 9 benign (proliferative dysplasia without atypia) breast samples. NMR spectra at 80 MHz showed well-resolved water and lipid peaks so it was possible to calculate specific T1 and T2 relaxation times. The longitudinal T1 relaxation process of the water was found to be properly represented by a monoexponential function, whereas the transverse T2 decay was well accounted for by a biexponential model. Relaxation time measurements of the water were found to be a valuable tool in breast tissue characterization, in particular (a) mean T1 values from malignant and control populations are well distinguished (P less than 0.0008); (b) mean T2 values of both fast and slow components from the two populations are statistically different (P less than 0.0001) and no overlap exists in the distributions of the second component. Three-hundred-megahertz spectra allowed a detailed analysis of the lipidic component of the sample: malignant tumors were found to present in the region 1.3-1.2 ppm a species characterized by a very slow transverse relaxation time (T2 = 200-1000 ms). PMID- 3231071 TI - Acute and repair stage characteristics of magnetic resonance relaxation times in oxygen-induced pulmonary edema. AB - Proton magnetic relaxation times, T1 and T2, were determined for rat lungs exposed to 80% oxygen for a duration of 2 weeks. The transverse magnetization decay curve of the lung tissue was multiexponential. A linear combination of two decay curves with different T2 values fits the multiexponential decay suggesting that there are at least two different components of tissue water in the lung. Remarkable prolongation of T1 and T2 was demonstrated as lung injuries progressed in the acute stage of pulmonary edema. Both 1/T1 and 1/T2 were significantly correlated with 1/water content of the lung tissue. In the repair stage, T1 and T2 were significantly shortened. Shortening coincided with the spontaneous resolution of pulmonary edema. Relaxation rates showed no significant correlation with 1/water content in this stage. These results indicate that the physical state of water in the tissue is affected not only by the water content but also by the derangement of macromolecules in pulmonary edema. T2 was more sensitive than T1 for detecting pulmonary damage. PMID- 3231072 TI - Comparison of regeneration across a vascularized versus conventional nerve graft: case report. AB - A histological and functional comparison of regeneration across a vascularized and conventional nerve graft was carried out in a clinical case. The two branches of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve were used to neurotize the median nerve at the wrist. The superficial branch of the radial nerve (vascularized nerve graft) and a conventional sural nerve graft were used as the interposition grafts between the two branches of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the median nerve. This nerve grafting procedure was carried out in two stages. The proximal neurorrhaphy was carried out 7 months prior to the distal nerve repair. Biopsies were taken from the distal portions of the vascularized radial sensory nerve and the conventional sural nerve at the time of the second procedure. Histological evaluation demonstrated superior regeneration across the vascularized nerve graft. Subjectively, the patient described better sensory recovery in the territory innervated by the vascularized nerve graft. Sensory testing in the two territories demonstrated better sensibility in the territory innervated by the vascularized nerve graft. PMID- 3231074 TI - Surgical correction of severe knee pterygium. AB - Knee flexion contracture secondary to a severe pterygium is a disabling condition. Full surgical correction has not been possible because of the sciatic nerve and its terminal branches. Our technique to obtain full correction is to divide the nerve near the neuromuscular junction and bridge the defect with multiple sural nerve cable grafts. Microscopic technique is used. PMID- 3231073 TI - Improving micrograft patency. AB - To help clarify many of the controversial issues affecting early microvascular graft patency, a series of experiments was performed comparing the relative importance of graft material used alone and in conjunction with antiplatelet agents. Using a rat carotid model employing 1 cm micrografts with 1 mm luminal diameter, this study demonstrated that 1) untreated 1 mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and human umbilical vein (HUV) micrografts have unacceptably low patency rates; 2) treatment with the antiplatelet agents indomethacin, ibuprofen, and aspirin significantly improved micrograft patency; 3) differences in patency among the three agents were not significant; and 4) PTFE had higher patency rates than HUV, although this difference did not achieve significance. PMID- 3231075 TI - Microsurgical phalloplasty. PMID- 3231076 TI - Epididymal microsurgery: current techniques and new horizons. AB - Surgical treatment for obstructive azoospermia was introduced about 30 years ago with the development of Bayle's vasoepididymal fistula technique (Bayle: Enc Med Chir 41:435, 1966). More recently this has been replaced by single tubule end-to end microvasoepididymal bypass procedures with improved success rates. We describe the use of animal models in the development and application of a modified end-to-end microanastomosis technique in which the vas deferens is attached to a single surface convolution of the ductus epididymidis. In comparison with other microvasoepididymostomy (micro-VE) procedures, this technique results in less postoperative scarring and allows for easier access to the epididymis in those patients requiring subsequent epididymal surgery. With this procedure 60% of patients produced spermatozoa after operation, and 10% of 102 patients have so far achieved pregnancies. For patients, such as those with congenital absence of the vasa deferentia, whose infertility cannot be corrected by microvasoepididymal surgery, we describe a microaspiration procedure that can be used to collect spermatozoa from the epididymis for use in in vitro fertilization (IVF). This procedure has a low success rate at present, with an 18% fertilization and 3% pregnancy rate per cycle. Improvements in treatment procedures for aspirated sperm samples, such as the use of motility stimulators and in vitro maturation by coculture with epididymal tubule segments before IVF, may enhance the success for this technique. Microinjection of sperm collected by epididymal microaspiration into oocytes may be an alternative method of treatment for these patients in the future. Two procedures (microepididymoepididymostomy and the vas bridge bypass) that are currently being modelled in the rabbit may provide new directions for epididymal microsurgery and for examining epididymal function. Although the two methods are technically more difficult than standard micro-VE procedures, preliminary studies are encouraging and suggest a future role for these techniques in treating obstructive azoospermia. Such techniques make use of the epididymis distal to the obstruction site and may be particularly important in improving the success of surgery for obstructive azoospermic patients with high-level obstructions in whom sperm quality following micro-VE surgery is often poor. PMID- 3231077 TI - IgG antisperm antibodies attached to sperm do not correlate with infertility following vasovasostomy. AB - The sperm of 12 men postvasovasostomy was tested for antisperm antibodies by means of a mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) test. Agglutinating antibodies were found in 58% of these patients: 50% of the men whose partners became pregnant and 75% of those whose partners did not become pregnant. No significant difference in the level of antibody attachment could be found between the fertile group and the infertile group. Damage to the testis and epididymis following vasectomy seems more likely to interfere with subsequent fertility following vasectomy reversal. PMID- 3231078 TI - [Analysis of the spontaneous demand on an outpatient AIDS clinic in the city of Buenos Aires]. PMID- 3231079 TI - Non-disjunction and parental karyotypes. PMID- 3231080 TI - [Effect of propranolol on left ventricular function in hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 3231081 TI - [Leukocyte changes in mice bearing sarcoma 180]. PMID- 3231082 TI - [Nodular pulmonary leiomyomatosis (benign metastasising leiomyoma)]. PMID- 3231083 TI - [Gangrene of the tongue. A form of presentation of temporal arteritis]. PMID- 3231084 TI - [Tuberculous pneumonia and respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 3231085 TI - [Desirable qualities in physicians]. PMID- 3231086 TI - [N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase: a sensible enzyme to functional and morphologic renal changes]. PMID- 3231087 TI - [Domperidone and Parkinson disease]. PMID- 3231088 TI - Measurement of Ca2+ release in skinned fibers from skeletal muscle. PMID- 3231089 TI - cDNA cloning of sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins. PMID- 3231090 TI - Reconstitution of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes: strategies for varying the lipid/protein ratio. PMID- 3231091 TI - Purification and crystallization of calcium-binding protein from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3231092 TI - Purification of calmodulin and preparation of immobilized calmodulin. PMID- 3231093 TI - Computer programs for calculating total from specified free or free from specified total ionic concentrations in aqueous solutions containing multiple metals and ligands. PMID- 3231094 TI - Permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3231095 TI - Measurement of calcium release in isolated membrane systems: coupling between the transverse tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3231096 TI - Isolation of canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3231097 TI - Microbial toxins: tools in enzymology. PMID- 3231099 TI - Production and purification of cholera toxin. PMID- 3231098 TI - Shiga toxin: production and purification. PMID- 3231100 TI - Cytolytic toxins of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio damsela. PMID- 3231101 TI - Preparation of hemolysin from Aeromonas. PMID- 3231102 TI - Preparation of diphtheria toxin fragment A coupled to hormone. PMID- 3231103 TI - Purification and crystallization of staphylococcal leukocidin. PMID- 3231104 TI - Measurement of neurotoxic actions on mammalian nerve impulse conduction. PMID- 3231105 TI - Electroencephalogram as a tool for assaying neurotoxicity. PMID- 3231106 TI - Incorporation of toxin pores into liposomes. PMID- 3231107 TI - Preparation and purification of staphylococcal alpha toxin. PMID- 3231108 TI - Detection of endotoxin by enhancement with toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). PMID- 3231109 TI - Ileal loop fluid accumulation test for diarrheal toxins. PMID- 3231110 TI - Purification of epidermolytic toxin of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3231111 TI - Monkey feeding test for staphylococcal enterotoxin. PMID- 3231112 TI - Chick embryo assay for staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. PMID- 3231113 TI - Electron microscopy: assays involving negative staining. PMID- 3231114 TI - Preparation of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. PMID- 3231115 TI - Electron microscopy: assays involving freeze-fracture and freeze-etching. PMID- 3231116 TI - Two-dimensional crystals of tetanus toxin. PMID- 3231117 TI - Purification of staphylococcal enterotoxins. PMID- 3231118 TI - Production, purification, and assay of streptolysin O. PMID- 3231120 TI - Preparation and purification of gamma-hemolysin of staphylococci. PMID- 3231119 TI - Production, purification, and assay of streptococcal erythrogenic toxin. PMID- 3231121 TI - Selectivity of the endothelial monolayer: effects of increased permeability. AB - We investigated the mechanism of thrombin-induced increases in endothelial monolayer permeability by examining the effect of thrombin on the molecular sieving characteristics of the endothelial monolayer and comparing the responses of arterial- and venous-derived endothelial cell lines. Bovine pulmonary artery (BPA) and pulmonary vein (BPV) endothelial cells were similarly harvested and cultured. The endothelial cells were grown to confluence on gelatinized polycarbonate filters and the permeabilities to sucrose, albumin, and IgG were measured and corrected for effects of unstirred layers. The control permeabilities of BPA and BPV were similar with both monolayers, demonstrating selectivity to different sized tracer molecules. alpha-Thrombin (10(-6) M) increased the permeability of both BPA and BPV to albumin and sucrose. The permeability of BPA was increased to a greater extent than BPV, perhaps due to phenotypic differences. In both cell lines, the permeability increase was most pronounced for albumin, which by pore theory is best described by an increase in the radius of the small pore pathway for diffusion. PMID- 3231122 TI - Histochemical analysis of capillary and fiber-type distributions in skeletal muscles of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Various studies have suggested that hypertension causes a closure and eventual loss of microvessels. In muscle tissue that purported pattern of vascular rarification has been associated with a simultaneous loss of slow twitch fibers. The present study uses histochemical techniques to examine both the capillarization and distribution of fast (FOG) and slow (SO) twitch oxidative fibers, the most vascularized of the fiber types, in five muscles of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats: adductor magnus (AM), biceps femoris (BF), spinotrapezius (SP), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and soleus (SOL). The results show that FOG and SO tend to be slightly smaller in cross-sectional area in SHR, but that the percentage of those fibers in the total population is not decreased in any of the SHR muscles examined. Capillary/fiber (C/F) ratios for most fiber categories were not significantly different in the two strains but tended toward slightly higher values in SHR. Since capillary density (C/mm2) is related to both fiber size and C/F ratio, density values tended to be higher, rather than lower, in SHR. The data indicate that there is neither an anatomical rarification of capillaries, nor a loss of FOG or SO fibers in spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 3231124 TI - Fetal whole-body permeability--surface area product and reflection coefficient for plasma proteins. AB - The transcapillary distribution of protein between the vascular and interstitial spaces largely depends on the protein permeability characteristics of the capillary membranes, i.e., the reflection coefficient and permeability - surface area product for plasma proteins. Our purpose was to estimate whole-body values for these parameters in chronically catheterized, near-term fetal sheep. Average experimental changes in plasma protein concentration, blood volume and vascular pressures following fetal hemorrhage or intravascular saline infusion were analyzed using mathematical modeling and parameter optimization techniques. The mathematical model consisted of three interacting compartments: (1) fetal blood, (2) fetal interstitium, and (3) maternal blood. We found that the mean fetal whole-body protein reflection coefficient averaged 0.61 following hemorrhage and 0.80 after intravascular saline infusions. The protein permeability - surface area product averaged 0.36 ml/min/kg for the hemorrhages and 0.70 ml/min/kg following saline infusions. The major findings are that the fetus has (1) a permeability - surface area product averaging 15 times that of the adult, (2) a protein reflection coefficient approximately 70 to 90% of adult values, and (3) the ability to decrease its capillary surface area following hemorrhage. PMID- 3231123 TI - Chemical sympathectomy and utilization of coronary capillary reserve in rabbits. AB - The effect of chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (60 mg/kg, 5 days prior to the experiment) on coronary blood flow and the percentage of perfused myocardial arterioles and capillaries was investigated in anesthetized open-chest rabbits and compared to a control group. In half of the animals, coronary flow was determined using radioactive microspheres. The others were given fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran to mark the perfused microvessels. Alkaline phosphatase stain was employed to locate the total microvasculature. A group of control and sympathectomized rabbits were administered 2 mg/kg of propranolol. Myocardial norepinephrine content was significantly decreased from 1108 +/- 161 (mean +/- SEM) in the control group to 162 +/- 31 ng/g wet weight in the denervated group as determined by HPLC technique and electrochemical analysis. However, the decrease in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and coronary blood flow of the denervated group as compared to the control was not significant. Chemical sympathectomy significantly increased the number (Na) of the perfused capillaries from 57 +/- 3 to 66 +/- 3% and arterioles from 57 +/- 5 to 76 +/- 9%. A similar increase in the percentage of microvessels perfused with denervation was observed after propranolol. It is concluded that although denervation had no significant effect on the hemodynamic conditions or average coronary blood flow, it significantly increased the utilization of the myocardial microvessels. We suggest that the sympathetic nervous system and alpha adrenoceptors exert significant control of the utilization of coronary microvascular reserve. PMID- 3231125 TI - Effects of endotoxemia on systemic plasma loss and hematocrit in rats. AB - Endotoxemia in rats increases plasma extravasation but does not result in continuously rising hematocrit. These contradictory observations led us to design a study in anesthetized rats (C, control rats, n = 10; E, endotoxin rats, n = 10) in which we continuously measured in blood hematocrit (conductivity cell) and changes in concentration of 125I-HSA (human serum albumin) and 51Cr-labeled red cell (51Cr-RBC; multichannel analyzer) in an extracorporeal circuit. In two additional series of experiments we measured in blood samples changes in protein concentration (series II, C: n = 7, E: n = 7) and uptake of intraperitoneally injected 125I-HSA and 51Cr-RBC (reflecting lymph flow rate; series III, C: n = 6, E: n = 7). Endotoxemia was induced by infusion (iv, 0.2 ml/100 g.hr) of Escherichia coli endotoxin (20 mg/kg) from t = 0 to t = 60 min; controls received saline. Experiments ended at t = 120 (series I and II) or 150 min (series III). The endotoxemia resulted in a marked rise of serum lactate (by ca 500% at t = 120); heart rate increased and central venous pressure decreased (by ca 20 and 95% at t = 120, respectively). All rats showed characteristic changes in hematocrit during endotoxemia: an increase from t = 20 to t = 45 (by ca 9%) followed by a decrease to preshock values or less at t = 120. The 51Cr activity per microliter blood cells did not change, indicating that there was no red cell mobilization. Protein concentration and 125I-HSA activity also showed a temporary increase during endotoxemia, but 125I-HSA activity per gram protein was decreased. Peritoneal uptake of 125I-HSA and 51Cr-RBC was significantly increased during endotoxemia (by 200%). We conclude that fluid extravasation during endotoxemia is temporary, mainly concerns plasma water, and is compensated by mechanisms like reabsorption and increased lymph flow, resulting in restoration of plasma volume. PMID- 3231126 TI - Vascular flow resistance in rabbit hearts: "apparent viscosity" of RBC suspensions. AB - Isovolumically beating, isolated hearts from male New Zealand rabbits were perfused retrograde via the aorta at a paced rate of 180 to 200 beats per minute. Perfusions were effected at arterial pressures (AP) ranging from 10 to 80 mm Hg. Perfusions (Krebs-Henseleit buffer + 1% BSA + insulin, 100 microliters/liter; same + 40% sheep RBC; same + 40% bovine RBC) were dosed with 15 mM papaverine to induce maximum vasodilation. In each case normalized flow rate (per unit heart mass) varied linearly with AP but all linear regressions extrapolated to a positive, zero-flow value of AP. Normalized flow resistance, defined as the slope of the line fitted to the pressure-drop vs normalized flow (per unit of dry heart weight) data, was not affected by the change from sheep to bovine RBC in the maximally dilated hearts. Data from RBC-free perfusions were inserted in Poiseuille's law to compute an effective geometric factor for the organ vasculature. This is turn was used to calculate apparent viscosities of the RBC suspensions. These were indistinguishable for the different RBC suspensions and fell between 0.5 and 0.6 of the respective high shear-rate values measured in a cone-plate viscometer, thus agreeing with the findings of S.R.F. Whittaker and F.R. Winton (1933, J. Physiol. (London) 78, 339-369) for the dog hindlimb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3231127 TI - Revision of the vital records forms for Michigan. Redesigned forms to be used in 1989. PMID- 3231128 TI - Dendritic cell activating factor produced by mouse macrophage hybridoma. AB - A mouse macrophage (M phi) hybridoma which produces a soluble factor responsible for the cooperation between M phi and spleen dendritic cells (DC) was constructed. The antigen-presenting activity and the stimulator cell activity in the allogeneic or syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction of DC were significantly augmented when DC were incubated with the culture supernatant of the hybridoma treated with various stimulants including latex beads. The monokine present in the culture supernatant of the hybridoma, called dendritic cell-activating factor (DCAF), augmented the production of lymphocyte-activating factor by DC while Ia expression of DCAF-treated DC was not altered. DCAF had no effect on the antigen presenting activity of peritoneal resident M phi or B cell blasts while the antigen-presenting activity of spleen M phi was enhanced, but the degree of the enhancement was much less than that of spleen DC. DCAF was found to have the following properties: its pI value is between pH 4 and 5; it is stable at pH 2 to 10; and it loses its activity on incubation at 75 C for 30 min. When the culture supernatant of the hybridoma stimulated with latex beads was subjected to gel filtration, the DCAF activity was detected in the 20 Kd to 25 Kd, 30 Kd to 40 Kd, and 50 Kd to 60 Kd molecular weight regions. The 30 Kd to 40 Kd fraction, which is the major peak fraction, was further purified by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel-filtration chromatography. When each fraction was subjected to SDS-PAGE, a 30 Kd band corresponding to the DCAF activity was observed and DCAF was purified to about 90% purity. PMID- 3231129 TI - Method of genomic DNA cloning by the combination of cosmid shuttle vector and monoclonal antibody. AB - We report here the strategy to isolate the DNA fragment of any species origin which encodes cell surface antigen by using cosmid library transfection and cell sortings with a monoclonal antibody. We took the mouse melanoma antigen defined by monoclonal antibody as a model system and rescued the genomic DNA by in vitro packaging, showing the feasibility of this procedure. PMID- 3231130 TI - Relationship between susceptibility and immune response to staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A in mammalian species. AB - Staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A (ETA) had a splitting effect at the granular layer of skin in humans and neonatal mice, but not in rabbits, guinea pigs, golden hamsters, or rats. Besides its splitting effect, ETA could stimulate productions of neutralizing antibody to ETA in rabbits, rats and B10D2 mice, but not in golden hamsters, guinea pigs, or ICR, HRS/J, and C57BL/10 mice. In our epidemiological investigation of human sera, the percentage of antibody to ETA in sera obtained from patients with impetigo (8%) was lower than those in sera of healthy males (23%) and females (29%). The relationship between susceptibility and immune response to ETA in these mammalians could be divided into three groups: the possession of resistant skin and high production of antibody to ETA; the possession of resistant skin and low production of antibody to ETA; the possession of sensitive skin and various titers of antibody to ETA. PMID- 3231131 TI - Risk of unexplained stillbirth in prolonged pregnancy. PMID- 3231132 TI - AIDS and drug misuse publicity campaigns a success. PMID- 3231133 TI - Cultural aspects of child abuse in Britain. PMID- 3231134 TI - Problems of HIV positive pregnant women. PMID- 3231136 TI - Midwifery in the Falkland Islands. PMID- 3231135 TI - Lousy nitwits. PMID- 3231137 TI - School phobia and suicidal depression. PMID- 3231138 TI - Fish oil in the diet. PMID- 3231140 TI - Divorce: a new approach from Barnardo's. PMID- 3231139 TI - Infants of women seropositive for HIV. PMID- 3231141 TI - The role of continuing education in nursing. PMID- 3231142 TI - Recent developments in barrier methods of contraception. PMID- 3231143 TI - Outcome of modern intensive care for low birthweight infants. PMID- 3231144 TI - Measles, mumps and rubella immunisation in Fife--first experience. PMID- 3231145 TI - Present trends in screening procedures. PMID- 3231146 TI - The Multiple Births Foundation. PMID- 3231147 TI - A personal look at crying babies. PMID- 3231148 TI - "Don't talk to me about natural childbirth". PMID- 3231149 TI - Concept of the combined post in midwifery practice and education. PMID- 3231150 TI - [Identification of occupational risks by means of information from the industry: experience in 2 regions]. PMID- 3231151 TI - [Characterization of risk agents. Proposal of a method for gathering, organizing and processing information]. PMID- 3231152 TI - [Ergophthalmologic investigation in the field: an example of a study of a group of video display operators employed in administrative accounting]. PMID- 3231153 TI - [Accidents in a factory of preserved meat products]. PMID- 3231154 TI - Field comparison of two passive organic vapor dosimeters with charcoal tubes under single and multiple solvent exposure conditions. PMID- 3231155 TI - [Ocular convergence in a selected group of video display terminal operators]. PMID- 3231156 TI - [Confidence interval for standardized mortality ratio]. PMID- 3231157 TI - [Periodic visits to the doctor?]. PMID- 3231158 TI - Selection of casualties after nuclear attack: a doctor's dilemma of the future? PMID- 3231160 TI - Arms or health? Coventry and Warwickshire Medical Campaign Against Nuclear Weapons. PMID- 3231159 TI - Experience of the threat of war among Finnish adolescents: effects on thinking about the future, and comparison of methods. PMID- 3231161 TI - Terrorism: causes and prevention. PMID- 3231162 TI - Medical Campaign Against Nuclear Weapons symposium: what should the IPPNW prescription be after the INF treaty? PMID- 3231164 TI - [Migration of female Aedes (Diptera, Culicidae) mosquitoes. Report II. Migration of young unfed females]. PMID- 3231165 TI - [Basic problems of evolutionary parasitology]. PMID- 3231163 TI - [Susceptibility of Aedes Aegypti L. mosquitoes infected with an entomopathogenic virus to malarial plasmodia]. PMID- 3231167 TI - [Efficacy of methods for determining infection of Rhombomys opimus Licht with zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 3231166 TI - [A comparative restriction analysis of kinetoplast DNA from natural isolates of cutaneous leishmaniasis pathogens]. PMID- 3231169 TI - [Freshwater gastropods as eliminators of Opisthorchis felineus Riv, 1884 eggs]. PMID- 3231168 TI - [Seroepidemiologic studies for assessing infection levels in opisthorchiasis foci]. PMID- 3231170 TI - [Ways of improving public health education by preventing opisthorchiasis at school]. PMID- 3231171 TI - [Immune response of definite hosts to diphyllobothridae antigens]. PMID- 3231172 TI - [Composition of definite hosts of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) and distribution of its imago hemipopulation in the Baikal water basin]. PMID- 3231173 TI - [Distribution and infection rate of mollusks--intermediate hosts of trematodes in the Central Amur region]. PMID- 3231174 TI - [Environmental protection as one of the criteria in planning hydrotechnical and land reclamation projects]. PMID- 3231175 TI - [Variations in the phenotypic expression of the Western Nile fever virus after reproduction in two Aedes albopictus Skuse, 1895 cell lines]. PMID- 3231176 TI - [Detection of Centrocestus armatus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) trematode in the southern part of the Far East USSR]. PMID- 3231177 TI - [A comparative assessment of sampling methods for pinworm eggs from household objects]. PMID- 3231178 TI - [Dynamics of the enterobiasis situation in the Viniitsa region in 1976-1985]. PMID- 3231179 TI - [Experience of recovery from geohelminthiasis in the populace of the Dunaevetsky district of the Khmel'nitsky region of the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 3231181 TI - Peripheral embolization provides evidence for microvascular collaterals in hearts with chronic coronary artery occlusion. AB - Macroscopic collateral vessels are widely regarded as the primary source of blood flow to collateral-dependent myocardium. Microscopic coronary collateral vessels have also been described, but their functional significance is controversial. Experiments were conducted in 18 anesthetized dogs with chronic coronary artery occlusions. Indices of collateral function demonstrated that all hearts were well collateralized. The previously occluded coronary artery was cannulated distal to the obstruction for measuring retrograde flow before and after injection of either 13 microns or 84 microns emboli. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were not altered by coronary embolization. Embolization with 13 micron spheres caused retrograde flow to increase by 43% (n = 11), whereas embolization with 84 micron spheres had no effect on retrograde flow (n = 7). Retrograde flow dislodged occlusive 84 micron spheres, since these spheres were found in the retrograde flow, and since antegrade flow increased by 250% after retrograde flow diversion. These findings demonstrate that collateral vessels less than 84 micron diameter contribute significantly to perfusion of chronically collateral dependent myocardium. PMID- 3231180 TI - The pulmonary microcirculation of the rat: differential ultrastructural responses of the endothelia to protamine sulfate. AB - Protamine sulfate is used clinically to reverse the anti-coagulant effects of heparin and in certain cases high protein, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema develops. In the present study an initial stage of edema formation, namely, interstitial fluid accumulation around partially muscular extra-alveolar microvessels was observed in rats in situ after right ventricular injections of protamine. In addition, the endothelium of these microvessels displayed marked increases in plasmalemmal vesicles; however, disruption of the endothelium was not observed. Further, endothelial vesicle densities were unchanged and perivascular cuffs were not observed in either the nonmuscular extra-alveolar microvessels or the alveolar capillaries. Left ventricular injections of protamine failed to elicit the ultrastructural responses to protamine. Predosing the pulmonary microcirculation with heparin also served to prevent protamine induced changes in the partially muscular microvessels. If it is assumed that heparin lowers the threshold for protamine-mediated responses in patients who develop edema, inhibition of protamine-induced changes by heparin predosing cannot be explained by the present data. Although evidence of increased endothelial vesiculation in the partially muscular microvessels was obtained, relative contributions of vesicles or of the junctional clefts to efflux from the pulmonary microvessels is not known. Thus, the mechanisms associated with a reduction of endothelial selectivity to macromolecular efflux after protamine administration remain to be defined. PMID- 3231182 TI - Glomerular morphometry in the Munich Wistar rat: effects of sub-total renal ablation. AB - In the development of disease of the glomerular capillary bed there is a triple association between loss of nephrons, adaptive hyperfunction of residual glomeruli, and hypertrophy and sclerosis of these glomeruli. Sclerosis is closely associated with hypertrophy, and both are closely tied to loss of nephrons. This paper quantifies the response over a period of 12 weeks of superficial cortical (SC), midcortical (MC) and juxtamedullary (JM) glomeruli of the Munich Wistar rat to the ablation of approximately 5/6 of renal tissue. The mean areas of peripheral and mesangial glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were estimated by stereologic methods. While the overall estimated area of the GBM increased in response to ablation by a factor of 2.4, the peripheral GBM area increased only by a factor of 2.15, and by way of contrast, the mesangial GBM area by a factor of 3.25. The latter difference is interpreted as a measure of glomerulosclerosis. There are no marked differences between the changes in SC, MC, or JM glomeruli. These findings are consistent with the association of glomerular hypertrophy and glomerulosclerosis, and with recent suggestions that glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis following subtotal renal ablation are driven by local or circulating growth factors. PMID- 3231184 TI - Ovariectomy abolishes the normalization of femoral mineral content in 40-week-old female X-linked hypophosphatemic mice. AB - All young adult X-linked hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mice exhibit low bone mineral content. However, between the ages of 13 and 40 weeks, the female Hyp mice have an increase in bone mineral content per centimeter length to the level of the normal mice. Older Hyp male mice do not normalize in mineral content/length ratio. To explore the mechanisms for this, gonadectomy was performed in 3- to 4 week-old normal and Hyp mice to determine whether the increase in mineral content was related to gonadal secretions. Sham-operated and gonadectomized mice of both sexes and genotypes were sacrificed at 7, 13, and 40 weeks of age. Gonadectomy had little effect on the development of low mineral content in young adult Hyp mice. However, gonadectomy blocked the increase in femoral mineral content and mineral content/length ratio in Hyp female mice at 40 weeks of age. Gonadectomy blocked the increase in femoral mineral content in Hyp females while femoral length was increased somewhat. Femoral midshaft diameter was significantly smaller in Hyp female mice, which suggested a decrease in periosteal bone growth due to gonadectomy between 13 and 40 weeks of age. In general, plasma phosphate and calcium values could not be used to explain bone mineral increases since no consistent changes were found. In conclusion, the increase in bone mineral content which occurs in older Hyp female mice is dependent upon the presence of the ovary. PMID- 3231183 TI - Renal responses to phosphorus deprivation in young rabbits. AB - To evaluate the renal adaptations to dietary P deprivation, young growing female rabbits were fed a P-deficient diet for 10 consecutive days while they were housed in metabolism cages. Urinary Ca excretion rates increased markedly within 24 h of P deprivation, remained high for each of the 10 days that dietary P was low, and returned to control values within 24 h of consuming a normal-P feed. The hypercalciuria was attributable to both an increased filtered load and decreased tubular reabsorption of Ca. Urinary P excretion rates decreased gradually in response to a low P diet and reached a nadir only after 9 days of deprivation. Urinary P excretion rates recovered to control values within 24 h of feeding a normal-P diet. Increased tubular reabsorption of P alone accounted for the hypophosphaturia. Plasma P concentration was reduced significantly after 10 days of dietary P deprivation, and this was associated with a significant increase in plasma calcitriol concentration. We conclude that dietary P deprivation in the rabbit effects the hypophosphatemia, hypophosphaturia, and hypercalciuria that characterize this condition in rats, dogs, and humans. Furthermore, the elevation in plasma calcitriol concentration that has been observed with dietary P deprivation in healthy rats and humans also occurs in the laboratory rabbit. PMID- 3231185 TI - Role of renal prostaglandins in bile-induced diuresis in the dog. AB - To clarify the possible role of renal prostaglandins (PGs) in the phenomenon of bile-induced diuresis in the dog, we studied the effect of in situ unilateral infusion of bile on kidney function and PGs excretion, before and after PG synthetase inhibitor administration in anesthetized dogs. The contralateral intact kidney served as control. In the first group of 6 dogs, infusion of bile diluted 1:20 resulted in a significant increase in urinary flow (117%; p less than 0.05), sodium (61%; p less than 0.01), potassium (26%; p less than 0.05), PGE2 (240%; p less than 0.05) and PGF2 alpha (137%; p less than 0.05) excretion rates. Further significant increases in urinary flow, sodium and PGE2 excretion rates were noted with infusion of bile diluted 1:10. All parameters returned to basal levels upon cessation of bile infusion. Significant linear correlation coefficients (p less than 0.005) were found between PGE2 excretion rates and urinary flow (r = 0.72), sodium (r = 0.91) and potassium (r = 0.88) excretion rates. In a second group of 6 dogs, intravenous administration of PG-synthetase inhibitor abolished the increase in renal PGs excretion and the increments in the rates of urinary flow and solute excretion in response to bile infusion. These findings support the notion that the acute diuretic and natriuretic effect of bile, and presumably that of cholemia is mediated, in part, through stimulation of renal PGs synthesis. PMID- 3231186 TI - [Evaluation of the immune status of children never subjected to chemoantibiotic therapy]. PMID- 3231187 TI - [Hyposplenism in celiac disease in children]. PMID- 3231188 TI - [Influence of phototherapy on the secretion of TSH, PRL and thyroid hormones in premature neonates]. PMID- 3231189 TI - [Anti-mycoplasma immune response and associated pathologies in childhood]. PMID- 3231190 TI - [Neonatal hypotonia in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]. PMID- 3231191 TI - [Hepatic injury and death of a 3-year-old girl due to paracetamol poisoning]. PMID- 3231192 TI - [Epidemiology of diabetic disease]. PMID- 3231193 TI - [Hyperglycemia and diabetic complications: cause and effect?]. PMID- 3231194 TI - [Race against time in the fight against AIDS and cancer: research on rare plants]. PMID- 3231195 TI - [Endodontic instrumentation in curved canals: evaluation of the reduction of endodontic work time]. PMID- 3231197 TI - [Malignant schwannoma of the cervico-cephalic region. Clinical case]. PMID- 3231198 TI - [New alternatives to Black's class II cavity preparation]. PMID- 3231196 TI - [Comparative analysis of clinical indications and cephalometric data in orthognathic surgery. I]. PMID- 3231199 TI - [Total parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve. Technics and results]. PMID- 3231201 TI - [Genetic disorders and dental abnormalities]. PMID- 3231200 TI - [Clinico-statistical survey of 388 patients with maxillofacial fractures]. PMID- 3231202 TI - [304 lower third molars: anatomo-topographical position and root morphology]. PMID- 3231203 TI - [Clinico-statistical evaluation of oral hygiene standards in a sample of military recruits]. PMID- 3231204 TI - [A clinical study of thrombus formation associated with central venous catheterization]. AB - Septic complication is one of the major problems associated with central venous catheterization. Thrombi produced around a catheter are regarded to a predisposing factor. However, few reports have focused on thrombus formation in clinical settings. We studied prospectively thrombus formation associated with central venous catheterization in 56 patients. Thrombus formation was identified in 39 cases (70%). In most cases, this thrombi formed around a catheter and were released into stream when the catheter was removed. However, complications attributable to the thrombi, such as pulmonary embolism were not observed. Then we tested four materials of catheters including vinylchloride, vinylchloride coated with heparine, polyurethane, and silicone to compare the incidence of thrombus formation. Thrombi were found regardless the catheter material when they were placed for more than 10 days. Cultures of blood, catheter tips and parts of catheters placed under the skin were performed to clarify the relation between thrombus formation and catheter-related sepsis. Positive culture was obtained only five cases but they were all associated with thrombus formation. These results suggest that central venous catheterization frequently results in thrombus formation, which would lead to catheter-related spesis. PMID- 3231205 TI - [A new chemosensitivity test for cancer cells by measuring intracellular ATP content]. AB - Several in vitro chemosensitivity tests have been developed to select effective anticancer agents for individual cases. However, none of them is used routinely because of the low evaluability or the time consuming nature. We developed a new practical method which is simple, rapid, and applicable to fresh human tumors. The principle of the method is to measure the ATP content of cancer cells by bioluminescence after drug exposure. A linear relationship was observed between either the number of cells or their viability and light intensity. Four established human stomach cancer cell lines and five colon cancer cell lines were examined for their chemosensitivity with a test plate having 96 wells. A clear dose-dependent response was seen with almost all drugs tested in this study, and each cell line showed an identical response to drugs. For the clinical application, cancer cells taken from three human solid tumors were tested. In all cases, the chemosensitivity was clearly evaluable. This simple, rapid and sensitive method can be a good indicator for the determination of anticancer agents in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3231206 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on the etiology of congenital biliary dilatation (CBD)--with special reference to relationship between elastic fibers in the wall of the bile duct and type of CBD]. AB - The purposes of this study are to clarify the correlation between the morphological differences in congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) and elastic fibers in the wall of the bile duct. Using forty-three patients with CBD and fifty-seven autopsy cases in which history of biliary disease had not demonstrated, histopathological studies have been performed. In addition, experimental models of anomalous choledocho-pancreatico ductal junction were created in twenty-two young sheep and nine neonatal lambs, and the differences in morphological change were studied in two groups. The results are as follows. 1) Elastic fibers were not seen in the wall of the common bile duct of neonate or infant. So it suggests that the ductal wall was extremely weak in this period and increased intraluminal pressure of the biliary system, induced by distal obstruction, caused the cystic dilatation easily. 2) Fusiform dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct was produced in all experimental models. The reason why cystic dilatation was not caused in these models is that elastic fibers were abundant in just ductal wall of neonatal lambs. From these results, aging factors may play an important role in the formation of CBD. PMID- 3231207 TI - [Experimental study on the development of endotoxemia in biliary tract infection with special reference to lymphatic pathway at controlled biliary duct pressure]. AB - A study was made on the pathway of the endotoxin from the biliary tract into the circulation, using adult mongrel dogs divided into 10 groups primarily with or without thoracic duct drainage. The biliary duct pressure level of 25, 35, and 55 cm saline was maintained by infusing physiological saline into the bile duct. Each level was maintained for a 10-minute period following the intrabiliary infusion of endotoxin 10 mcg/kg. The endotoxin level in arterial and portal blood and in thoracic lymph increased with increment of biliary duct pressure. The endotoxin level in the thoracic lymph was more than 10 times higher than that in blood. At 35 and 55 cm saline of biliary duct pressure, the groups with or without thoracic lymph drainage did not show any significant difference in blood endotoxin level, or moreover, endotoxin shock developed in each group. These findings imply that at high biliary pressure such as 35 or 55 cm saline, endotoxin in the bile duct directly appears in the sinusoid. At low biliary pressure such as 25 cm saline, endotoxin was detected only in thoracic lymph and endotoxemia did not develop. PMID- 3231208 TI - [Renal microcirculation in experimental acute pancreatitis of dogs--the effect of pancreatic protease inhibitor and dopamine]. AB - To understand the renal microcirculation in acute pancreatitis is important to know the pathophysiology of renal insufficiency frequently observed as one of multiple organ failures in severe acute pancreatitis. In mongrel dogs acute pancreatitis was experimentally introduced by autologous bile added trypsin injection into the pancreatic duct. The effect of new synthesized pancreatic protease inhibitor (PATM) and dopamine in a dose of 3mg/kg/hr and 10 micrograms/kg/min were investigated, respectively. In acute pancreatitis dogs, renal arterial blood flow and renal tissue blood flow immediately fell and gradually decreased in time course of experiment and renal vascular resistance increased from 2 hours after onset of pancreatitis. When pancreatic protease inhibitor (PATM) was infused in acute pancreatitis dogs, blood pressure and pulse pressure relatively preserved during the experiment. Renal blood flow and renal tissue blood flow were maintained during the first 1 hour and thereafter slightly decreased, however which was less than that of no PATM treated dogs. When dopamine was infused in acute pancreatitis dogs, blood pressure was maintained during the first 90 minutes thereafter remarkably decreased. Renal blood flow was maintained within 60 minutes, however it remarkably decreased at the end of the experiment. This study suggested that renal microcirculation was disturbed from early period of acute pancreatitis in dogs and pancreatic protease inhibitor (PATM) had a beneficial effect of maintain the renal microcirculation. PMID- 3231209 TI - [Cardiac valve surgery in the elderly]. AB - Cardiac valve surgery was performed in 54 patients over the age of 60 between January 1982 and December 1986. This included 24 mitral, 23 aortic, 7 multiple valve surgery and 2 thrombectomies and 1 leakage repair of the aortic prosthetic valves. We reviewed these cases comparing with 60 younger patients under the age of 59 with particular emphasis on preoperative state, operative mortality, postoperative course and late results. In older patients, lower renal function and fewer red blood cell count than younger patients were revealed preoperatively. Postoperatively, tendency to have low cardiac output syndrome and have much more complications such as acute renal failure, respiratory insufficiency and psychosis were seen in older patients. There were 7 hospital deaths and 1 late death in older patients, but in 6 of 7 hospital deaths, the causes of deaths were non-cardiac. Clinical improvement was quite satisfactory in older patients equally to younger patients. So it was concluded that age alone should not be regarded as a contraindication to surgical treatment in older patients. PMID- 3231210 TI - [A clinical study of extended profundaplasty for severely ischemic limbs]. AB - Between January 1986 October 1987, extended profundaplasty was performed on 11 severely ischemic limbs of eight patients with extended arteriosclerotic occlusions, associated with surgery for improvement in inflow. The subjects were all males, and ages ranged from 62 to 84 years (mean: 72.8 years). Symptoms were disabling claudication in one limb (1 case), rest pain in 5 (4 cases), and gangrene of the foot or ulcer of the toes in 5 (3 cases). Preoperative ankle pressure index (API) was 0 in 7 limbs (5 cases), and between 0.11 and 0.27 in the remaining 4 limbs (3 cases). Thrombectomy was performed in two cases, axillo bifemoral bypass in 5, femoro-femoral bypass in one, and aorto-bifemoral bypass in one, as surgery for improvement in inflow. Although postoperative API remained 0 in 4 limbs, it increased between 0.36 and 0.56 in the remaining limbs. One subject died of heart failure on the 22nd postoperative day, and two limbs required below-knee amputation. Limb salvage rate was 81.8%. Extended profundaplasty seems to be a worthwhile choice of treatment as a limb salvage operation for severely ischemic limbs due to extended arteriosclerotic occlusions involving not only aorto-iliac but also femoro-popliteal or crural segment. PMID- 3231211 TI - [Gallstone destruction utilizing ultrasound low energy and dissolvents: preliminary report]. PMID- 3231212 TI - [Carcinoma peritoneal dissemination and milky spots of the greater omentum: preliminary report]. PMID- 3231213 TI - Acidic protein kinases of Polysphondylium violaceum: characterization and developmental regulation. AB - The cellular slime mould Polysphondylium violaceum contains two vegetative stage specific acidic (casein) kinases. These two enzymes have been partially purified and their properties investigated. Both utilise casein as their preferred substrate but they can be distinguished in a number of ways, including their responses to spermine, heparin and salt. In addition, they have different affinities for their substrates and different pH activity profiles. It is suggested that they may play a role in a vegetative specific function such as cell division. PMID- 3231214 TI - Reversible chemical cross-linking and ribonuclease digestion analysis of the organization of proteins in ribonucleoprotein particles. AB - The organization of select proteins within ribonucleoprotein particles containing heterogeneous nuclear and uridine-rich small nuclear RNAs (hnRNP and UsnRNP respectively) was examined by chemical cross-linking and ribonuclease digestion using diagonal two dimensional PAGE and immunoblotting detection systems. Monoclonal antibodies specific for A2, C1 and C2 hnRNP proteins, detected these proteins at gel coordinates which suggested homotypic dimers and trimers of A2 and homotypic trimers, hexamers and larger multimers of C1 and C2. Ribonuclease digestion did not alter the cross-linking properties of hnRNP C1 and C2 proteins but did result in loss of A2 homotypic dimers and trimers. Blots simultaneously reacted with hnRNP specific monoclonal antibodies and autoimmune patient serum (RNP/Sm), or monoclonal antibodies reactive with the U1 snRNP specific 63 kDa protein and/or the UsnRNP common proteins B', B and D revealed no complexes which would indicate interactions between hnRNPs and UsnRNPs. The U1 UsnRNP specific 63 kDa protein appeared not to be cross-linked to UsnRNP common B', B and D proteins. The data also suggested that UsnRNP common protein D was cross-linkable to UsnRNP common proteins D', E and G but not to B' and B. The cross-linking properties of D were unaffected by ribonuclease digestion. In contrast, ribonuclease digestion resulted in an inability to cross-link select complexes containing either B' and B, or p63. The data suggest that both hnRNPs and UsnRNPs are comprised of RNA-dependent and RNA-independent protein-protein interactions. PMID- 3231215 TI - Cholesteryl ester handling by RAW264 macrophages: response to native and acetylated low density lipoprotein. AB - The effects of LDL and Ac-LDL on the growth properties, morphology, and cholesteryl ester (CE) metabolism of the RAW264 macrophage cell line have been characterized. Cells were grown in media supplemented by a defined media (DM) mixture or fetal bovine serum (FBS). The addition of LDL or Ac-LDL to the culture media did not significantly alter cell growth properties. Cytoplasmic deposition of CE was observed by fluorescence microscopy in macrophages treated with LDL or Ac-LDL but not in untreated controls. Dose-response studies have shown that cholesteryl ester (CE) can accumulate in RAW264 treated with LDL. Cellular cholesterol content saturated at 4 hours with 50 micrograms/ml LDL; this effect may be associated with receptor saturation. Dose-response studies conducted with Ac-LDL in DM have shown dramatic increases in total cell cholesterol content. However, deposition of CE was not observed below Ac-LDL concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml. This indicates that a critical concentration of Ac-LDL must be reached to trigger deposition in DM. In contrast, no critical concentration of Ac LDL was observed in macrophages grown in medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Cholesterol esterification in response to LDL and Ac-LDL was examined by 14C oleic acid incorporation into CE. These results confirmed the mass cellular cholesterol and CE measurements. Kinetic studies conducted with RAW264 cells treated with 50 or 100 micrograms/ml Ac-LDL resulted in a cholesterol efflux from the cells at 6-12 hours of incubation. Therefore, these studies show that (1) the nature of CE deposition is highly dependent upon the incubation media and (2) CE deposition is very sensitive to Ac-LDL concentration under certain conditions. PMID- 3231216 TI - Coenzyme Q10 and key enzyme activities in papillary muscle related to left ventricle function in mitral valve disease. AB - Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was studied in papillary muscle from 18 patients (52-67 years, 2 females) subjected to open heart surgery due to mitral valve disease. In addition the enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) with its five isozymes, citrate synthase (CS) and mitochondrial CK (CK-MIT) were determined. Myocardial function was assessed by means of left ventricle (LV) angiography. CoQ10 averaged 0.39 (range 0.26-0.59) micrograms x mg-1 dw. On an individual basis CoQ10 was related to CS activity although not as closely as CK-MIT (r = 0.45, p less than 0.05 versus r = 0.86, p less than 0.001). The ratio (CoQ10) x (CS activity)-1 was calculated to represent mitochondrial quality. The level of LD3 fraction increase was used to mark for the degree of metabolic stress in the heart. LD3 fraction was negatively related to the quality index (r = -0.71, p less than 0.001). Thus, those with a low CoQ10 per unit of CS activity had also a high LD3 isozyme fraction. In a subset of 12 patients with isolated mitral regurgitation due to myxomatous valve degeneration, CoQ10 and the ratio CoQ10 over CS decreased with the degree of LV function impairment (r = -0.58, p less than 0.05 and r = -0.68, p less than 0.05, respectively). The quality index takes into account not only enzyme activity but also the potential for control of free oxygen radicals. PMID- 3231217 TI - Protective metabolic mechanisms during liver ischemia: transferable lessons from long-diving animals. AB - During periods of O2 lack in liver of seals, mitochondrial respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis are necessarily arrested. During such electron transfer system (ETS) arrest, the mitochondria are suspended in functionally protected states; upon resupplying O2 and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), coupled respiration and ATP synthesis can resume immediately, implying that mitochondrial electrochemical potentials required for ATP synthesis are preserved during ischemia. A similar situation occurs in the rest of the cell since ion gradients also seem to be maintained across the plasma membrane; with ion-specific channels seemingly relatively inactive, ion fluxes (e.g., K+ efflux and Ca++ influx) can be reduced, consequently reducing ATP expenditure for ion pumping. The need for making up energy shortfalls caused by ETS arrest is thus minimized, which is why anaerobic glycolysis can be held in low activity states (anaerobic ATP turnover rates being reduced in ischemia to less than 1/100 of typical normoxic rates in mammalian liver and to about 1/10 the rates expected during liver hypoperfusion in prolonged diving). As in many ectotherms, an interesting parallelism (channel arrest coupled with a proportionate metabolic arrest at the level of both glycolysis and the ETS) appears as the dominant hypoxia defense strategy in a hypoxia-tolerant mammalian organ. PMID- 3231218 TI - Free radicals in health and disease. PMID- 3231219 TI - Protection of bone marrow progenitor cells by superoxide dismutase. AB - Intravenously administered cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase in X-irradiated mice hastens the recovery of peripheral blood cells. This effect is consistent with protection of the pluripotent stem cells by the enzyme. Amongst the bone marrow cells committed to differentiation along the myeloid pathway, there exists in mice a subpopulation of macrophage progenitor cells that is inactivated by superoxide radicals, generated photochemically or by X-rays. This cell killing effect is inhibited by superoxide dismutase, in part because it acts intracellularly. Human bone marrow also contain a superoxide-sensitive subpopulation of myeloid progenitor cells that is protected by superoxide dismutase but not by catalase. As well, human myeloid progenitor cells contain a subpopulation with enhanced sensitivity to X-rays in vitro. Treatment of these cells with exogenous superoxide dismutase reduces the sensitivity to X-rays by a factor of 2. PMID- 3231220 TI - Effect of superoxide dismutase on early radiation injury of lungs in the rat. AB - Early responses of lungs to a single radiation dose of 30 Gy were marked by an inflammatory reaction and the onset of pneumonitis within 4 weeks following hemithorax radiation in the rat. Superoxide dismutase reduced the severity of radiation lesions in lungs. PMID- 3231221 TI - Vitamin E deficiency accentuates adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy and cell surface changes. AB - Free radicals have been suggested to play a role in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Adriamycin-induced myocardial effects were examined in rats maintained on a vitamin E deficient diet. Animals were divided into four groups: I, control; II, adriamycin-treated; III, vitamin E deficient diet; IV, vitamin E deficient diet plus adriamycin treatment. Adriamycin-treated animals (groups II and IV) were given six injections (i.p.) over two weeks for producing a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg. Animals in groups III and IV were placed on vitamin E deficient diet starting two weeks prior to the first injection of adriamycin or vehicle. Myocardial tissue analysis were performed on animals sacrificed 1 week after the last injection. Mortality was significantly higher in group IV which also showed doubling of myocardial malondialdehyde content relative to the non adriamycin-treated vitamin E deficient group (III). Myocardial cell damage in group IV was characterized by separation of the external lamina, subsarcolemmal changes, mitochondrial swelling and myofibril dropout. Group II hearts showed only a mild dilation of the sarcotubules and swelling of the mitochondria. Total sialic acid content of the sarcolemma in groups II, III and IV was 55, 90 and 24% of the control values in group I. These data show a characteristic sarcolemmal injury produced by adriamycin in hearts of animals with reduced antioxidant capacity which is probably mediated by increased free radical activity as well as lipid peroxidation. PMID- 3231223 TI - Pyridine and other coal tar constituents as free radical-generating environmental neurotoxicants. AB - We have tested the hypothesis that chronic exposure to the principal constituents of the aqueous fraction of coal tar extracts can lead to the in vivo formation of substances which may produce neurological damage as the result of free radical generation and lipid peroxidation, these may be involved in the etiology of some neurological disorders. Artificial mixtures of the aqueous fraction of coal tar extracts were given in low concentrations to pigmented mice in their drinking water over a 3-month period. This resulted in significant increases in lipid peroxidation in the striatum, cerebellum and liver of the mice under test, the rank order being striatum greater than cerebellum greater than liver. These results are compatible with the possibility that coal tar emissions (as would be recovered or liberated in the burning, refining or beneficiation of coal) constitute a potential source of neurotoxicants with a predilection for damaging the nigrostriatal neuronal pathway. Our observations may thus have identified an important and hitherto unsuspected environmental source of neurotoxic chemicals, a possibility consistent with the proposed involvement of an environmental chemical factor in Parkinson's disease and perhaps in other neurological disorders. PMID- 3231222 TI - The effects of oxygen radical--mediated pulmonary endothelial damage on cancer metastasis. AB - The vascular bed of the lung is susceptible to environmental and host-mediated injury from free radicals. The lung is also a frequent site for the formation of cancer metastases. Since the circulation is important for the spread of cancer and because the endothelium is a barrier between the circulation and extravascular tissue, we have postulated that free radical damage to the pulmonary microvasculature enhances the formation of metastases. Pulmonary endothelial injury was induced in mice by bleomycin (120 mg/kg i.v.) or by exposure to 90% oxygen for 2-4 days. In rats, damage was elicited by intravenous injection of cobra venom factor which activates the circulating leukocytes. Endothelial damage was demonstrated by morphology and by measurement, in lung lavage fluids, of increased protein and/or leakage of 125I-albumin, previously injected intravenously. When radiolabeled cancer cells were injected into the tail vein during periods of pulmonary endothelial damage, there was a 3-36 fold increase in the numbers of these cells located in the lung after 24 hours. Subsequently more metastatic tumors formed in the animals with injured lungs. In rats, the enhanced localization was prevented by pretreatment of the animals with catalase or with antineutrophil antibodies. We have also demonstrated that stimulation of rat cancer cells by the chemotactic peptide N-fMLP is followed by chemiluminescence, amplified in the presence of luminol. Evidence for the generation of oxygen radicals by these cells includes inhibition of the response in the absence of oxygen or in the presence of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and mannitol, and dose-dependent reduction of acetylated cytochrome C. We conclude that free radical-mediated damage to the pulmonary endothelium significantly increases the metastasis of circulating tumor cells and we postulate that some cancer cells may directly facilitate their spread by generating free radicals. PMID- 3231224 TI - Antioxidant enzyme alterations in experimental and clinical diabetes. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated the presence of complex alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in various tissues of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. In the present investigation, it is shown that rats made diabetic with alloxan (ALX), an agent differing from STZ both chemically and in its mechanism of diabetogenesis, show virtually identical tissue antioxidant enzyme changes which, as is the case with STZ, are preventable by insulin treatment. The finding that the patterns of antioxidant enzyme alterations in chemically-induced diabetes are independent of the diabetogenic agent used and the presence of similar abnormalities in tissues of spontaneously diabetic (BB) Wistar rats (particularly when diabetic control is less than optimal) suggest that the changes observed are a characteristic feature of the uncontrolled diabetic state and that these may be responsible for (or predispose to) the development of secondary complications in clinical diabetes. Comparative studies involving red cells of diabetic rats and human diabetics revealed a number of common changes, namely an increase in glutathione reductase activity, a decreased susceptibility to oxidative glutathione depletion (which was related to the presence of hyperglycemia) and an increased production of malondialdehyde (an indirect index of lipid peroxidation) in response to in vitro challenge with hydrogen peroxide. In the diabetic patients, the extent of this increase in susceptibility of red cell lipids to oxidation paralleled the severity of diabetic complications. Our results suggest that increased (or uncontrolled) oxidative activity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of complications associated with the chronic diabetic state. PMID- 3231227 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography in endocrinology. PMID- 3231226 TI - Enrichment of progenitor cells from human bone marrow by flow cytometry. AB - Mononuclear cells, harvested from fresh human bone marrow specimens by density gradient separation, were suspended in phosphate buffered saline and analyzed by flow cytometry in terms of the forward and right angle scattering of the incident light. The rectilinear distribution, obtained by plotting the intensity of light scattered in the forward and right angle directions, contained three regions of interest in which the percentage of cells (Mean +/- standard deviation) with respect to the total was as follows: Region 1: 17.6 +/- 9.9; region 2: 5.3 +/- 1.4; region 3: 71.7 +/- 9.4. Cells from each region were sorted by flow cytometry and plated in semi-solid agar containing cell conditioned medium supportive of myeloid colony formation. Cells from region 2 contained the majority of progenitor cells that gave rise to such colonies at a plating efficiency that rose in proportion to the extent by which the region 2 cells in samples was increased through sorting. This increase in plating efficiency was 6 to 43 fold. Thus, region 2 of the cytometric distribution of cells from normal, unstained human bone marrows was a good source of myeloid progenitor cells. PMID- 3231225 TI - Oxygen free radicals induced release of lysosomal enzymes in vitro. AB - The effect of oxygen free radicals, generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase, was studied on the release of lysosomal hydrolase from rat liver lysosomes in vitro. A lysosomal enriched subcellular fraction was prepared, using differential centrifugation technique, from the homogenate of rat liver. The biochemical purity of the lysosomal fraction was established by using the markers of different cellular organelles. Oxygen free radicals were generated in vitro by the addition of xanthine and xanthine oxidase. The release of lysosomal hydrolase (beta-glucuronidase) from the lysosomal fraction was measured. There was a 3 to 4 fold increase in the release of beta-glucuronidase activity in the presence of xanthine and xanthine oxidase when compared to that in the absence of xanthine and xanthine oxidase. In the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a scavenger of oxygen free radicals, the xanthine and xanthine oxidase system was unable to induce the release of beta-glucuronidase activity from the lysosomes. Sonication (2 bursts for 15 sec each) and Lubrol (2 mg/10 mg lysosomal protein) treatment, which are known to cause membrane disruption, also induced the release of beta glucuronidase from lysosomal fraction. This release of beta-glucuronidase by sonication and lubrol treatment was not prevented by SOD. These data indicate that lysosomal disruption is a consequence of oxygen free radicals, generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. PMID- 3231228 TI - [Factors interacting with promoter region of immunoglobulin genes. Determination of the binding site boundaries]. AB - The nuclear extracts of plasmacytomas producing antibodies were found to contain factors which formed complexes with the promoter fragment of the gene for immunoglobulin kappa-chains. The corresponding complexes found in the extracts of nonlymphoid cells had a different mobility. Two approaches were proposed for determining the boundaries of the region necessary for protein factors to be bound to DNA using nuclease Ba131. A 5'-ATTTGCAT-3' octanucleotide sequence was shown to be necessary for interaction with the protein nuclear factor in the studied plasmacytoma lines. The protein completely lost its affinity if at least one nucleotide was removed or substituted at the 5'- or 3'-end of this sequence. The procedures proposed for determining the precise boundaries of the sequence necessary for protein binding to DNA do not require a preliminary protein purification. The principles on which the procedures are based, set no limitations to their application to other systems used for studying the interaction of proteins with DNA. PMID- 3231229 TI - [Production of transgenic rabbits and mice carrying the gene for bovine growth hormone]. AB - The results of experiments on the transfer of bovine gene for growth hormone into mice and rabbits are presented. The gene was transferred by the technique of microinjection into the zygote. In all cases transgene in rabbits occurred to be changed. In two transgenic mice the bovine growth hormone gene represented some tandem arranged copies. One of the mice had accelerated growth. This phenotypic changes is found to be inheritable. PMID- 3231230 TI - [Stability of DNA-protein interactions in chromatin fractions with different sensitivity to nucleases]. AB - It was revealed by means of nucleoprotein-celite-chromatography that DNA-protein interactions in the chromatin fraction sensitive to micrococcal nuclease and DNase II are weaker that in the resistant one. The micrococcal nuclease destroys the DNA-matrix bond resistant to salt-urea, while DNase II does not change the DNA-matrix integrity. Tightness of the DNA-protein interactions is weakened by the increasing chromatin fragmentation, but does not depend on the size of chromatin particles. PMID- 3231231 TI - About an old problem, new approaches, a new section. PMID- 3231232 TI - Polyarticular arthritis due to Sporothrix schenckii. PMID- 3231233 TI - Interdigital, cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Scytalidium lignicola Pesante 1957. A case report. PMID- 3231234 TI - Hand, foot and nail disease--a common manifestation of chronic dermatophytosis. PMID- 3231235 TI - Evaluation of the "Yeast-IDENT System" for the identification of medically important yeasts. PMID- 3231236 TI - [Hormonal regulation of anabolic processes and the rate of protein utilization in the early postnatal period]. AB - The levels of thyroid, pituitary and corticosteroid hormones--thyroxine, triiodthyronine, 11-oxicorticosteroids in blood serum, somatotropin in pituitary and processes of protein assimilation are studied in rats during early postnatal period. The highest endogen production of thyroxine, triiodthyronine and somatotropin is determined in 15 days old infant rats. The highest levels of protein utilization are determinated in 7-15 days old rats, then the process decreases with going over to definitive nutrition. Endogen production of anabolic hormones--thyroxine, triiodthyronine and somatotropin correlates to high levels of protein utilization in infant rats during the first days after birth. PMID- 3231238 TI - Structural and electronic origin of meat odour of organic hetero-atomic compounds. AB - By means of the electron-topologic approach suggested earlier, the structural and electronic features favouring meat odour occurrence are evaluated using 77 organic compounds with known odorant properties as a basis for primary logico structural analysis. A general fragment of the type XH2 (where X = S, O, N is a hetero-atom) with a certain electronic structure and conformational property is shown to be responsible for the meat odour. The results obtained allow for a prognosis of odorant compounds and their purposeful synthesis. PMID- 3231237 TI - The effect of gestation and of protein quality on the nutritive utilization of protein. AB - A study was made of the effect of protein quality on gestation and on digestive and metabolic utilization in Wistar rats. The protein level of the diet was 14%, and the protein sources used were: casein, beans and a mix of beans and wheat, in order to complement the essential amino-acids deficient in both protein sources. Gestation increased food intake in the 3 groups of experiments, in which distinct protein sources were used. Protein quality did not affect food intake in the two physiological situations under study (gestation and non-gestation). In pregnant animals, the greatest weight gains were obtained with the casein diet, while in non-pregnant ones the weight increases were greater with the diet of beans and wheat. The smallest gains recorded were those of pregnant and non-pregnant rats fed a diet of beans. Gestation did not affect protein-absorption. The digestive utilization of protein was superior with the casein diet. The study of nitrogen retention showed: 1. The pregnant animals retained more nitrogen than the non pregnant animals with all of the diets under study. 2. In pregnant animals, the greatest metabolic utilization took place with the casein diet, with little difference between the bean and bean-wheat mix diets, although in the latter it was slightly superior. PMID- 3231239 TI - [The residue behavior of pirimiphos-methyl of tomatoes, leaf- and soil surfaces in greenhouses]. AB - The paper outlines a method for determining pirimiphos-methyl on tomatoes and tomato leaves as well as in the soil by gas-chromatography with the lowest detectable level of 20.10(-12) g. By means of this method after cold fogging application of 0.25 ml Actellic 50 EC.m-2 in a greenhouse initial residues of 0.04-0.38 mg.kg-1, and after 4 days of 0.04-0.25 mg.kg-1 were found. These results are below the maximum residue limit of 0.4 mg.kg-1 for pirimiphos-methyl in tomatoes after 4 days. For determination of the decrease of the agent on various surfaces residue-life 50% was calculated. It was found to be 0.66 days for the surfaces of leaves, 0.56 days for the surfaces of glass with light, and 0.69 days for glass with darkness. On soil surfaces under the same conditions the decrease is much lower with a residue-life 50% of 7.1 or 12 days, respectively. PMID- 3231240 TI - A new technology for the production of valuable vitamin extracts from wheat and rye germs. AB - A method for nearly complete extraction of the lipid fraction from wheat and rye germs was developed, and the technological parameters of the production process were specified. The resulting preparations are extracts rich in vitamin E and other biologically active components. Dermatological studies and application in the cosmetic industry have testified to the suitability of these preparations for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Owing to their high content of unsaturated fatty acids and to a natural combination of biologically active compounds, the preparations from wheat and rye germs obtained by our method on an industrial scale find increasingly wider application. The post-extraction residue free from the lipid fraction is high-value feed. PMID- 3231241 TI - The optimum condition for malonic dialdehyde liberation from smoked fish and curing smoke condensates. AB - The aim of this study was to establish the conditions for malonic dialdehyde liberation from smoked fish and curing smoke condensates, as well as to determine its content in smoked fish. The specific absorption peaks of coloured solutions of malonic dialdehyde, from curing smoke condensates, with 2-thiobarbituric acid were determined. The conditions for malonic dialdehyde liberation were established, i.e. time and degree of alkaline hydrolysis of condensate, degree of distillation of acidified condensate solution, the conditions of coloured solution development, determination of extinction and method of calculation of malonic dialdehyde content in smoked fish, in individual layers of smoked mackerel fillets. The mechanism of formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbone and hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl free radicals, formed during pyrolysis of organic compounds in the presence of liberated malonic dialdehyde, was proposed. PMID- 3231242 TI - Nutritional and technological characteristics of new broad bean flaked products. AB - The effects of the technological processes (soaking in water or alkaline solutions, drying, puree preparation) and the supplementation with maize flour on the nutritional value and on the organoleptic characteristics of broad bean (Vicia faba, L. major) flakes have been studied. Protein content was not affected by technological process. The addition of maize flour decreased the protein content of the final product depending on the amount of the maize flour added. Amino acid composition showed a decrease of tryptophan due to technological processing. Supplementation with maize flour improved the amino acid pattern and, except for tryptophan, the amount of essential amino acids in the flakes supplemented with 25% or more maize flour well compared with the provisional pattern by F.A.O. In vitro digestibility trials did not evidence significant changes due to technological processes or to integration of broad beans with maize flour. Broad bean toxic factors (vicine and convicine glycosides) were only slightly affected by the alkaline treatment of the flakes. Glycosides content decreased with the increasing supplementation with maize flour but the relationship was not linear. The organoleptic tests were positive for texture and taste, whereas the appearance of the products should be improved. PMID- 3231243 TI - An attempt to fortify drinking juices with magnesium salts. PMID- 3231244 TI - New varieties of Actinidia kolomikta--one of the richest sources of vitamin C. PMID- 3231246 TI - Food and nutrition sciences--scientific information service in the German Democratic Republic. PMID- 3231245 TI - Estimation of the daily intake of nitrates and nitrites which may be consumed by two groups of population 18-23 years old in the city of Havana. PMID- 3231247 TI - Utilization of milk proteins and cereal starches to obtain co-extrudates. AB - Extrusion of the cereal mixtures with 25% addition of milk proteins induced several changes in the chemical and physico-chemical properties of starch. Coefficient of expansion was close to the coefficient of natural cereal flours, but the extrudates were characterized by higher water absorption. Starch was only slightly dextrinized, but it contained more nitrogen compounds and mineral salts, and less free lipids. Solubility and swelling power of the extrudates did not change in a way characteristic for cereal starch and flours. Attention should be given to higher content of dietary fibre, pointing to the formation of the starch lipids and the starch-protein complexes, less susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis used. Hence, it can be stated that the latter increase was apparent only. It can be said that a mixture of cereal starch and milk proteins can be used to modify quality of the extruded products of increased protein content. More attention should be devoted to biochemical characteristics of the protein added, as this largely determines quality of the extruded starch-protein products. PMID- 3231248 TI - Effect of the drying process on the nutritive value of milk. Part 1. Biochemical composition. AB - Five different brands of instant dry whole milk that are most commonly used, and freeze dried milk were analyzed for nitrogen, fat, ash and 4 inorganic constituents and compared with human milk. The composition of the milks differed considerably. The protein content varied widely, ranging from 11.6 to 24.5%. Fat content did not differ widely, ranging from 24.9 to 29.5%. Freeze dried milk had the highest fat content (42.6%). Three out of the five brands of dry milk studied were spray dried and the remaining two were roller dried. All milks tested contained considerably more sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus solid than human milk, some of them the four fold amount of calcium and phosphorus. PMID- 3231249 TI - Effect of the drying process on the nutritive value of milk. Part 2. Biological evaluation. AB - Five different brands of dry milk and freeze dried milk were used in rat feeding trials to study their nutritive value and to assess the effect of the drying process on their nutritive value by using growth response, weight gain, food efficiency and relative nutritive value (RNV). Brand I milk gave better growth response, weight gain and food efficiency than any other dry milk studied, while brand V gave the least values. Freeze dried milk gave better growth response, weight gain and food efficiency than brand I milk. Using Slope-ratio assay, freeze dried milk gave the best RNV compared to all dry milks tested on the basis of the two response parameters used, weight gain and moisture gain. PMID- 3231250 TI - Functional and electrophoretic characteristics of faba bean (Vicia faba) flour proteins as affected by germination. AB - Faba beans (Vicia faba) were germinated at room temperature for 3 and 6 days respectively. The effect of germination on the protein fractions, protein solubility index, PAGE pattern and some functional properties i.e. emulsification capacity (EC), foaming capacity (FC), foam stability (FS), water and fat absorption capacities of the flour was studied. Germination decreased albumins, globulins and prolamins at different levels but non protein nitrogen and glutelins were increased. The protein solubility index was high at both extreme pH values with an isoelectric point (IP) at pH of 4.4-4.5. The solubility of the protein slightly increased due to germination at all the pH values. PAGE pattern revealed on obvious dissociation and utilization for both fast and slow moving protein fractions during germination. Emulsification and foaming properties vs pH profile were similar to the pattern of solubility vs pH. Both properties were high at acidic and alkaline pH's and the minimum values were at pH 4 to 5. Germination process improved EC, FC and FS of the flour in comparison with that of dry bean flour. Water absorption of faba bean flours was improved during germination but the fat absorption markedly decreased. PMID- 3231251 TI - [The effect of microbial protein, obtained on a hydrocarbon base (fermosin), with a defined fatty acid composition on fat metabolism and fat composition in slaughter animals. 1. The effect of fermosin on the composition of broiler depot fat]. AB - A study has been undertaken to investigate the influence of fermosin on the depot fat composition of broilers and the oxidative stability of these fats in parallel with test animals fed yeast conventional produced on carbohydrate base. The data obtained are discussed with reference to literature. PMID- 3231252 TI - Antimicrobial activity of "Cortuk" (Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss.) spice, its essential oil and methyl-eugenol. PMID- 3231253 TI - Measurement of some antinutritive factors in meat products containing texturated vegetable protein (TVP). AB - The alpha-(1,6)-galactosyl oligosaccharide and phytic acid contents of sausages containing TVP were examined. The results show how the meat industrial technologies affect the oligosaccharide and phytic acid contents of the end products. According to these experiences, the small quantities present in the end products are not considered to be harmful to health but may show unexpected effects when compared to traditional products. With the knowledge of the concentrations of the measured oligosaccharides and phytic acid, after adequate calibration, the real TVP content of the finish-product can be determined according to the method elaborated by the authors. PMID- 3231255 TI - [Chromatographic separation of mono- and oligomeric carbohydrates from biological materials with the use of HPLC glass columns]. AB - By means of HPLC mono- and oligomeric carbohydrates are separated on silica, modified chemically with aminopropyl groups or impregnated in situ with an amine modifier (piperazine). Fundamentals of this sugar analysis are self-packed glass columns. The advantages of these columns are high efficiencies and handy column plugs. They are chemically inert and can be packed in different length with different HPLC packings. Applications of HPLC technique using glass columns are demonstrated by way of qualitative and quantitative determinations of carbohydrates in different food-stuffs and in polysaccharides (e.g. starch, regenerated fibre), hydrolyzed under acid and enzymatic conditions. PMID- 3231254 TI - [Determination of the levels of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and iron in selected foods]. AB - Vegetables from allotment gardens in the area of Krakow, from the trade (produced at a distance of about 25 km from Krakow), and from farms situated about 100 km from Krakow (control samples) were investigated by atom absorption spectroscopy. In the vegetables from the allotment gardens the levels of the determined elements were on an average several times higher (p less than 0.01) than that of the controls. In a few cases the maximum levels of some elements were near the admissible limit. Furthermore, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe were determined in pigs and cattle (muscle, kidney, liver). The average levels of Pb and Cd gave no reason for objection. PMID- 3231256 TI - [Animal experimento-toxicologic studies of protein isolates in sunflower seeds]. AB - Safety evaluations of sunflower protein isolates (SPI) obtained by various processes were performed in subchronic (90-day) feeding studies using male and female rats as experimental animals. General appearance, food consumption and efficiency, haematology, kidney function and urine analysis, serum chemistry including determinations of enzyme activities, organ weights and macro- and microscopic pathology were used as criteria to disclose adverse effects. Feeding graded levels of SPI as supplements up to 75% of the total protein of the diet revealed no morphologic and functional changes attributable to toxic effects of the test product at daily intakes up to 13 g/kg body weight. The evaluations of the SPI-variants tested were similar. PMID- 3231257 TI - Dietary study on children within an oral health preventive programme (WHO). AB - The examined material consisted of 184 institutionalized children between 8 to 13 years of age. They have lived in 4 institutes. Emphasis was placed on analyzing the consumption of sucrose containing products, measuring the frequency of intake. The recall method was chosen. Information was obtained by two interviewers in 3 series of interviews, each covering one weekday and one day of the weekend. The solid and liquid sucrose consumption at and between meals was calculated separately. Significant differences were found between consumption at weekends and weekdays. The frequency of the sucrose containing products in solution at meals and the solid and sticky sucrose intake between meals was higher as compared to the other two forms. The average daily frequency of the soluted sucrose at meals, soluted sucrose between meals, solid sucrose at meals, solid sucrose between meals, total solid sucrose and total sucrose consumption ranged between 1.4-2.0, 0.1-0.4, 0.7-1.0, 1.0-1.8, 2.0-2.5 and 3.8-4.6, respectively, in the different institutions. The results showed satisfactorily the different dietary habits in the institutions. PMID- 3231258 TI - Short-term toxicity study of allyl isothiocyanate in rats. AB - Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was given in doses of 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg (5 days/week) by oral intubation to male rats for up to 6 weeks. The highest dosage level caused a decrease in body weight, thymus weight, blood glucose and serum globulin levels. Haematological examination revealed an increased percentage of neutrophils and a decreased percentage of lymphocytes after treatment for 2 weeks. Increased liver and adrenal weights were found in all test groups. Renal dysfunction was indicated by increased urinary aspartate amino-transferase activity, reduced urine volume and changes in the specific gravity of the urine. Histopathological changes were observed in the kidneys of animals at dosages of 20 and 40 mg/kg and in the livers of animals at the highest dosage level. PMID- 3231259 TI - Nutritive value of meat-soy mixture. AB - The protein value of meat soy blend was evaluated by utilizing the net protein ratio (NPR), the relative protein value (RPV) and the serum urea content methods. It was compared with that of meat. Casein was used as a reference protein. NPR values indicated that utilization of meat and meat soy proteins are comparable. The study of amino acid pattern shows that sulphur containing amino acids are limiting to almost the same degree in meat and meat soy blend. However, the RPV of meat soy bean blend is slightly higher than that of meat. The lowest serum urea content was that of rats fed meat soy blend. Therefore, the mixing of meat with soy bean did not reduce the nutritive value of meat, on the contrary there is tendency towards improvement. PMID- 3231260 TI - Metallic contaminants in Andalusian vinegars. AB - A study on the content of several metallic ions and arsenic in Andalusian vinegars has been carried out. The technique employed was atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The measurements were performed directly in the samples. The determination of these ions is interesting since they can produce in certain amounts undesirable organoleptic effects or even make an attempt on the health (toxic elements). No kind of relevant contamination was found. PMID- 3231261 TI - Microorganisms associated with mouldiness of dried yam chips and their prevention. AB - The broad objective of this study was to isolate and identify the microorganisms causing mouldiness of stored yam chips and to look for ways of preventing the problem. Microorganisms isolated included Aspergillus flavus, A. glaucus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. ochraceous, A. tamarii, A. candidus, Penicillium oxalicum, Trichoderma longibrachyatum, Rhizopus nigricans, Cylindrocarpon radicicola, Neurospora crassa, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Erwinia carotovora and Serratia marcescens. Some of these microorganisms are transient invaders. Of the calcium-based chemicals used to prevent mouldiness, only CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2 proved effective and also prevented infestation of the chips by storage pests throughout the period of study. Whereas the product of the untreated yam chips was preferred in terms of colour, the product of CaCO3- and Ca(OH)2-treated yam chips were preferred in terms of taste and texture. As for physiological reaction after eating the products of the treated chips, Ca(OH)2- treated chips seemed to be more preferred by the members of the tasting panel. PMID- 3231262 TI - Estimation of the biological value of food proteins by a modified equation of the essential amino acid index and the chemical score. AB - A modified essential amino acid index equation incorporating a digestibility factor (MEAAI), and a chemical score index (CSI) were developed from the essential amino acid profile of 18 different food proteins hydrolysed by the combined but sequential action of papain and pronase E enzyme systems. The essential amino acid composition of whole egg was used as a reference standard. The following equations were proposed: log MEAAI = 1/8 log (100 a/ae X DFP/DFe) + log (100 b/be X DFP/DFe) + .... + log (100 h/he X DFP/DFe) where a-h are the respective values of each of the 8 essential amino acids in the sample; DFp is the digestibility factor for food protein sample; DFe is the digestibility factor for whole cooked egg; CSI = 100 a/ae, in which a is the value of the limiting amino acid in the sample, and ae is the corresponding value in whole egg. Both equations were used to calculate the biological value of different protein foodstuffs. There was a close agreement between values obtained using the equations and reported values for the same foodstuffs published in the literature. There was also a close correlation (r = 0.665) between data obtained using MEAAI and those obtained using CSI in estimating biological values, suggesting that either equation could be used reliably and solely to estimate protein biological value of foods. PMID- 3231263 TI - A rapid in vitro enzymic and chromatographic predictive model for the in vivo rat based protein efficiency ratio of mixed food proteins. AB - A nutritional quality index in the nature of an enzymatic protein efficiency ratio (E-PER) was computed from the amino acid data of 18 different food products by means of multiple regression equations. The regression was performed by setting amino acid values derived from enzymic hydrolysis of the food proteins as the independent variables with the rat-based PER values as the dependent variables. The multiple regression gave the following equation: E-PER = -3.02 + 0.14 (asp) + 0.15 (glu) - 0.18 (pro) + 0.14 (ala) + 0.52 (met) + 0.21 (lys) + 0.09 (arg) - 0.45 (trp). The multiple correlation coefficient for this regression was 0.942 and the coefficient of variation was 88.7%. The prediction equation was tested on amino acid-PER data of 22 different foodstuffs and it successfully predicted (+/- 0.22) the PER of 17 and an effectiveness of 77.3%. PMID- 3231264 TI - [A dream which should not end as a mere dream: establishment of regional nursing stations for the home care of local patients]. PMID- 3231265 TI - [Basis of health care--public health nurses and lessons in the capabilities of local residents]. PMID- 3231267 TI - [Direction in planning of psychiatric day care--a thought on the basis of regional psychiatric nursing]. PMID- 3231266 TI - [Scenes of day care at the public health clinic--a regional support network for mental patients]. PMID- 3231270 TI - [Activities at the public health clinic as the basis of health care for the residents and plans for future nursing]. PMID- 3231268 TI - [Improved health education for expectant mothers]. PMID- 3231269 TI - [The nurses' station as the base for discharged patients--experiences in interactions in activities of patients in wheelchairs]. PMID- 3231271 TI - [Expectations from ambulatory nursing]. PMID- 3231272 TI - [Establishment of bases for regional care--a physician's message to nursing personnel]. PMID- 3231273 TI - ["Going my own way" in medicine: a discussion by young physicians]. PMID- 3231275 TI - Carcinoma of the cervix--an holistic approach. PMID- 3231274 TI - [Home nursing of a terminal cancer patient--a physician's record for 45 days]. PMID- 3231276 TI - The ideal and the actual: pre-operative visiting--revisited. PMID- 3231277 TI - Development of theatre clothing. PMID- 3231278 TI - The Kennedy LAD ligament augmentation device. PMID- 3231279 TI - A study of peri-operative patient care. PMID- 3231281 TI - [Peculiarities of cavernous hemangiomas in childhood]. AB - Cavernous angiomas are histologically benign hamartomas, showing no potential for metastasis. Clinically, patients present with convulsions, haemorrhage or signs of mass effect. Although many cases exhibit calcifications on X-ray examination, computed tomography is the main diagnostic instrument, resulting in a rise in the number of cases often not detected by angiography and enabling earlier diagnosis in much younger patients. Early diagnosis is imperative, since patients are otherwise exposed to the continuing threat of rupture of the vascular anomalies. Since cavernous angiomas are operable, prognosis is usually good. PMID- 3231280 TI - [Neurosurgical treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations]. AB - 61 patients were treated from 1980 to 1984 for an arteriovenous malformation. Of these, 28 had suffered an acute haemorrhage, 33 were admitted for seizures, neurological deficits or intractable headaches. 55 patients underwent surgery. 4 patients rejected surgery and 2 malformations were not amendable to surgery. 55 patients were followed up for an average of 25 months (6-67 months), 53 of whom had undergone surgery. Good and excellent results were observed in 49 of 53 patients who had undergone surgery. 2 additional patients who were lost for follow-up had completely recovered and were without deficits on discharge. 4 patients who had undergone surgery for intracranial bleeding were moderately disabled on follow-up examination. No deaths occurred. There was a favourable effect of surgery on seizures. One half of the patients who had sporadic seizures preoperatively, remained without seizures without antiepileptic drugs. Of 9 patients who suffered from a manifest epilepsy preoperatively, 2 remained without seizures even without antiepileptic medication. We conclude from our results that not only arteriovenous malformations which have already bled but also those presenting with seizures, headaches, or neurological deficits, should be treated surgically unless they are not menable to surgery because of their location in the speech areas or the brain stem. PMID- 3231282 TI - The calcium entry blocker nimodipine improves the quality of life of patients operated on for cerebral aneurysms. A 5-year follow-up analysis. AB - Between 1981 and 1985 at our clinic 204 consecutive patients underwent surgical repair of cerebral aneurysms after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Of these 113 were treated with Nimodipine, a predominantly cerebrovaskular-active substance. The preoperative condition according to Hunt and Hess (9), the locations of the aneurysms, and the ages of the two groups of patients were directly comparable. The incidence of postoperative cerebral vasospasm was however higher in the Nimodipine group (49%) than in the control group (33%). Retrospectively we analyzed the progress of the patients as to their neurological, intellectual, and social function for up to five years after the operation. Mortality and morbidity in the Nimodipine group amounted to 10% and 7% respectively, in the group without Nimodipine 20% and 17% respectively (p less than 0.001). Of the Nimodipine patients, 72% showed excellent neurological outcome, with 73% intellectually, and 72% completely resocialized, as compared to 53% in the control group with an excellent neurological outcome, 39% intellectually intact (p less than 0.0001, and 52% completely resocialized (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that Nimodipine not only increases cerebral blood flow, but also protects brain tissue from ischemic damage. PMID- 3231283 TI - Intracerebral hematoma after evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma. AB - A case of intracerebral hemorrhage occurring after evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma is presented. The mechanism of this complication is not clear. However, hemorrhage into previously undetected areas of contusion, damage to cerebral vasculature secondary to rapid perioperative parenchymal shift, and sudden increase in cerebral blood flow with focal disruption of autoregulation have been postulated as causes. Although this is a rare complication after decompressive operation for chronic subdural hematoma, it should be suspected and investigated without delay in patients who deteriorate postoperatively. PMID- 3231284 TI - [The value of evoked potentials in the neurosurgical intensive care unit]. AB - In the neurosurgical intensive care unit 135 patients were studied by means of multi-modality evoked potentials. The majority part of them had low scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale and a higher lever of coma according to WFNS. This fact explains the high mortality (52 per cent). These patient data were compared with the changes of evoked responses (ER) in order to learn something about the value of ER in localisation of lesions, staging, and predicting the outcome of the patients. A classification of EP alterations is introduced. There was no correlation between alteration of evoked potentials and coma stage. The analysis of latencies and inter-peak latencies revealed no correlation between comatous and alert patients. Cerebral conduction time (CCT) did not give further information. In cases of brainstem lesions the alteration of evoked responses were more marked than in the other patients. Most of the patients died who had initially marked changes in ER. The sensitivity of BAER was greater than of SSEP. A loss of response was more frequent in BAER. In deep coma stages the motor evoked responses disappeared. This fact induces problems in diagnosing brain death. Evoked potentials yield further information in patients with coma and drug therapy. They are useful in follow-ups, esp. in predicting the outcome. Evoked responses complete clinical and findings obtained via the diagnostic equipment. PMID- 3231286 TI - [Stress stable spondylodesis in injuries of the lower cervical spine]. AB - In view of the high incidence of late instability in the conservative treatment of cervical spine fractures, operative stabilization should be performed as soon as possible. Besides immediate decompression of the spinal cord, rapid mobilisation of the patient without external fixation is possible. We report on the results of operative treatment in 97 patients with injuries of the lower cervical spine. The indication to spondylodesis as well as the operative methods and their complications are discussed. PMID- 3231285 TI - [Therapy of aneurysm-induced subarachnoid hemorrhage]. AB - Based on our experience with 115 consecutive patients treated in our department for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage between August 1984 and January 1988, problems of patient selection for early and late surgery as well as medical therapy are discussed. Overall surgical mortality was 6.7%. Surgical mortality was 12.1% for patients operated within 72 hours post SAB, whereas it was 4.2% for patients treated at later intervals. The value of transcranial Doppler sonography for timing of aneurysm surgery is stressed. PMID- 3231288 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of brain tumors in the 1st years of life]. AB - 37 infants with brain tumours diagnosed in the first three years of life were studied. Among the 28 histologically verified tumours were 7 ependymomas, 6 medulloblastomas, 5 cerebellar astrocytomas, 3 astrocytomas and 2 spongioblastomas of the optic nerve. Features of clinical symptoms, therapy and follow-up studies are described. 7 infants survived in long-term follow-up with good or fair quality of life. Results of treatment were satisfactory in cerebellar astrocytomas only. PMID- 3231287 TI - Diagnostic problems and operative treatment of pituitary microadenomas. AB - Over an average observation period of 53 months 26 patients with endocrinological active microadenoma of the hypophysis (12 M. Cushing, 14 acromegaly) were retrospectively examined. Only in 11 cases did the CT-examination demonstrate intrasellar tumour expansion. Both the problems of and the criteria for CT diagnosis of microadenoma were demonstrated. In 22 cases (84%) the microsurgical transsphenoidal exstirpation of the adenoma led to an adequate reduction in both ACTH and HGH. No postoperative deterioration of the other hypophysial functions was seen. It could be further demonstrated that where the surgical therapy failed local radiation therapy with high voltage radiation of the hypophysis region led to a reduction of the abnormal hormone secretion. The comparism of our results with those reported in the literature led us to suggest a combined therapy concept in which the indication for operative, conservative and radiation therapy is delineated. PMID- 3231289 TI - [Data processing in neurophysiology: an automatic program for the assessment of dual stimulus responses in somatosensory evoked potentials]. AB - An automatic programme is presented for evaluating somatosensory evoked potentials after double stimuli. The advantage of the programme is the computer assisted procedure, the possibility of effecting changes at any time, and the imaging of both subtraction and addition curves. A variation of the programme for other modalities is possible. PMID- 3231292 TI - [Repair of osteomeningeal loss of substance of the skull in infants. A personal technic used in dehiscent fractures and neonatal craniectomies]. AB - In infants, two types of pathologies require treatment for osteomeningeal substance losses of the cranial vault: --posttraumatic skull fracture dehiscence, --decompressive craniectomy for neonatal intracranial hematomas. Osseous dehiscence alone does not explain the pathogenesis of the condition, and treatment must take subjacent lesions into account. The progressive nature of these lesions is linked to the considerable brain growth that reaches its maximum during the first year of life. Pressure is also exerted by contingent phenomena: the edema caused by the subjacent brain contusion and hydrocephalus. Treatment principles include: --insertion of a normal vault, with its two tables, opposite a sutured meninges or a membrane that has been replaced by a more or less pedunculated pericranial autoplasty, --creation of contact between the bone defect and healthy dura mater that has conserved its outer osteogenic layer and, if possible, a healthy pedunculated pericranium. The authors propose 180 degrees flap rotations for extensive losses of substance and 90 degrees rotations after synthesis of a fracture. In cases of a frontal lesion or extensive craniectomy, flap exchange procedures are recommended; periosteal flaps are used for covering purposes, respecting the principles above for the donor sites. These techniques have been used for three cases of traumatic osteo-dural tears and 3 craniectomies; short term and especially long term results are satisfactory. PMID- 3231291 TI - [Value of the measurement of cerebral blood flow in choosing the operative time of ruptured intracranial aneurysm]. AB - The authors report a series of 135 patients treated between 1984 and 1987, for a ruptured intracranial saccular aneurysm in the Department of Neurosurgery at the Lariboisiere Hospital. The value of C.T. scan and cerebral blood flow measurements (C.B.F.) in predicting the development of vasospasm was studied on 99 cases. The analysis confirmed that the C.T. Scan findings are closely related to vasospasm. A low C.B.F. between the fourth and the eight day following the bleeding was significantly associated with the development of delayed cerebral ischaemia. On the contrary, no relation was found between vasospasm and the C.B.F. measured during the three days following the bleeding. The authors propose to operate without delay on clinical grounds on patients referred during the first three days after the hemorrhage and to decide, on clinical and C.B.F. data, the timing of the intervention for patients admitted after this data, i.e. 35% of their patients. PMID- 3231290 TI - [Intracranial arteriovenous vascular lesions in children. Role of endovascular technics apropos of 44 cases]. AB - The clinical and radiological files of 44 children with intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM (20 AVMs with ectasia of the vein of Galen, 21 parenchymatous or choroid AVMs without ectasia of the vein of Galen and 3 congenital dural AV fistulas) were reviewed. Clinical symptoms, architecture and the used therapy are analyzed. The only specific features of the pediatric population are the clinical systemic manifestations. In comparison to the adult population, a higher percentage of multiple lesions (20%), mostly direct AV fistulas were observed and conversely less associated arterial ectasias. Because of the high mortality associated to the natural history of these lesions in children, one must look for a complete and stable disappearance of the lesion. Among the therapeutic modalities available, embolization has proven a precise and efficient treatment. As the sole treatment, anatomic cure was obtained in 16.6% of patients; significant clinical improvement was obtained in an additional 50% of patients. The morbidity of the technique is low: 3.1% of neurologic complications (all being transitory). Embolizations associated to surgery achieved 3 more anatomic cure. The use of all these combinations allowed us to reach 79.2% of very good results (30.4% of anatomic cure). 3 cases of vein of Galen aneurysms died in our series (newborn during open surgery, one child 24 hours after thrombosis of the vein of Galen by endovascular means, a third one (newborn) one week after partial embolization as a defavorable outcome of major cardiac and hepatic insufficiency. PMID- 3231293 TI - [Cervical spondylotic myelopathies. Apropos of 121 cases. Prognostic value of sensitive symptoms]. AB - 121 patients have been treated for cervical spondylotic myelopathy between 1972 and 1985; 88 patients have been operated on, most of them (84) by laminectomy and 4 cases by anterior approach; 33 patients have been treated conservatively in absence of evolution. We have used a clinical classification based on the different sensitive symptoms, the best predictive factor in our opinion; the typical form (2/3 of all cases) associates numbness and paresthesias of extremities of both hands, difficulties for manipulation, astereognosia, with a moderate pyramidal deficit of the lower limbs; this typical form obtains the best post-operative score with 75% of good results; the more the clinical sensitive form is far from the typical one, the poorest may be the evolution. Our results are similar with large series of literature, using either the posterior or the anterior approach; we have noted the frequency (1/4 of cases) of very late worsening, several years after initial good result, without residual compressive factor; it is supposed that organised intra-medullary lesions, may be of venous origin, continue to evolve for their own. 33 non operated patients have been treated conservatively, because of spontaneous stabilization of their disease, suggesting to try immobilization by cervical collar during few weeks before surgery. PMID- 3231294 TI - [Non-traumatic hypertensive rhinorrhea. Apropos of a case]. AB - Non-traumatic C.S.F. rhinorrhea resulting from hypertensive obstructive hydrocephalus due to an intracranial tumor may constitute the presenting symptom of these affections. The authors report one case of intermittent and positional spontaneous rhinorrhea which was the only sign of a tumor in the pineal region. According to the literature and on the basis of Ommaya's classification of spontaneous rhinorrhea, we emphasize the need to distinguish between ventricular and arachnoid C.S.F leak. This different origins will determine the appropriate (ventricular or lumbar) C.S.F. shunt. PMID- 3231295 TI - [Aneurysm of the internal carotid artery and cervical mega-dolicho-arteries in Marfan syndrome]. AB - The authors describe the case of a Marfan syndrome who presented a giant intracranial internal carotid aneurysm associated with elongation and tortuosity of internal carotid and vertebral arteries on both sides. The skin microscopic examination showed fragmentation and distorsion of elastic fibers. There was no microscopic study of the vessels. Extra and intracranial vascular abnormalities are rarely reported in marfan syndrome: cardiovascular changes are seen mostly in aorta and pulmonary artery. In the literature are reported some giant aneurysms, dissections and dilatations of carotid, basilar and vertebral arteries. Usually the microscopic examination of the vessels show cystic medial necrosis. Other connective tissue diseases (pseudo-xanthoma elasticum, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, progeria) are described with such clinical abnormalities. Reference is made to the possibility of unknown histological and chemical lesions weakening the vessels in patients without connective tissue disorders and presenting with arterial dissection or arterial aneurysm. So vessels would be more sensible to aging, arteriosclerosis or hypertension. PMID- 3231296 TI - [Supratentorial hemangioblastoma]. AB - The authors report the case of an isolated supratentorial hemangioblastoma occurring in a woman operated on for a cerebellar hemangioblastoma twenty years before. The data furnished by immunohistochemical technics don't seem to be deciding and don't work out the problem of hemangioblastoma histogenesis. PMID- 3231297 TI - [Direct osteosynthesis of fractures of the odontoid process using a biodegradable implant (B.O.P.)]. AB - The authors describe a new technique for treatment fractures of the dens. An anterior approach (technique of Boehler) is used. It provides for one-stage fusion and no additional disturbance of C1-C2 rotation. Under AP and lateral guidance the body of C2 is drilled medially, and so are the site of fracture. Then comes the gradual impaction of a conical implant of biocompatible resorbable implant [*], tip cephalad. The biopolymer is used for grafting purposes in all type of fractures of the odontoid process, which permits the latter to be fused without using screws or any other metal implant. PMID- 3231298 TI - Effect of cigarette smoking on thyroid function in depressed patients. AB - The effect of cigarette smoking on thyroid function tests was evaluated in 82 patients with major depression. Smokers had significantly lower measures of thyroxine than non-smokers. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3231299 TI - Cortisol response to various stressful situations: relationship to personality variables and coping styles. AB - Studies on personality traits and coping styles as determinants of interindividual differences in neuroendocrine responses to stress have not yet yielded conclusive results. In a previous investigation, strong hints to distinct interindividual differences in the susceptibility of the HPA axis of 12 male volunteers aged 27 +/- 5 years exposed to five different stress situations were found. In the present report, psychometric variables (personality traits and coping styles) assessed in the same subjects before the study were analyzed to test whether specific psychometric variables were related to the interindividual differences in the susceptibility of the HPA axis. The results revealed that interindividual differences in the frequency of cortisol responses to stress situations could not be predicted by any of the psychometric variables investigated. The question if psychological factors contribute to neuroendocrine stress response and to what degree warrants further interest. These preliminary findings suggest, however, that nonpsychological factors should be considered more seriously as determinants of interindividual differences in neuroendocrine stress responses in healthy subjects as well as in psychiatric patients. PMID- 3231300 TI - EEG and cognitive performance following closed head injury. AB - Ten closed head-injured patients and 10 matched control subjects participated in a study that examined quantitated EEG data during cognitive task performance. The head-injured patients performed significantly worse than controls on all four tasks and had significantly higher EEG amplitudes and amplitude variances. A discriminant analysis function correctly identified 0% of the subjects on the basis of the EEG data. Frequency analysis indicated that these higher amplitudes were a product of across-frequency increases in voltage. In addition, EEG data were significantly correlated with performance on one cognitive task in the head injured group. Results suggest that, contrary to standard clinical EEG findings, identifiable EEG changes may persist for years following moderate to severe closed head injury, and these changes are related to residual cognitive deficits. PMID- 3231301 TI - [The role of the Milligan-Morgan operation modified according to the technic of St. Mark's Hospital in the treatment of stage III and IV hemorrhoidal disease]. PMID- 3231302 TI - [Aneurysm of the popliteal artery. Diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3231303 TI - [Correlation and integration using B-mode echography and angiography for a correct approach to the surgical treatment of carotid lesions]. PMID- 3231304 TI - [Blood cholesterol values and the occurrence of malignant tumors of the large intestine]. PMID- 3231306 TI - [The relation between fecal pH and cancer of the colon]. PMID- 3231305 TI - [Infectious complications in colo-rectal surgery: how to prevent them?]. PMID- 3231307 TI - [Prevention of thromboses in vascular microanastomoses. Experimental study on the role of anti-aggregant drugs. Preliminary remarks]. PMID- 3231308 TI - [Duodenal carcinomas: diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Presentation of 3 clinical cases]. PMID- 3231309 TI - [Unusual site of hydatidosis. A case with a mesenteric location ]. PMID- 3231310 TI - [A rare case of giant hemangioma of the liver]. PMID- 3231311 TI - [Biliary ileus located in the sigmoid]. PMID- 3231312 TI - [Primary torsion of the greater omentum. Presentation of a case ]. PMID- 3231313 TI - [Hernia of Morgagni as a cause of intestinal occlusion. Comments on 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 3231314 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Our personal experience]. PMID- 3231315 TI - [Low colorectal anastomosis using mechanical staplers]. PMID- 3231316 TI - [Neoplastic colonic occlusions]. PMID- 3231317 TI - [Short bowel syndrome. Considerations on factors influencing the prognosis after massive intestinal resections]. PMID- 3231318 TI - [Details of a surgical technic in the revascularization of the inferior mesenteric artery]. PMID- 3231319 TI - [Prevention of surgical infections]. PMID- 3231320 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in vascular surgery]. PMID- 3231321 TI - [Boerhaave's syndrome]. PMID- 3231322 TI - [Duodenal gastrinoma. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 3231323 TI - [Clinical considerations on 2 cases of carcinoid tumor of the ileum with hepatic metastases]. PMID- 3231324 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the large intestine]. PMID- 3231325 TI - [Lipoma of the colon. Description of a case]. PMID- 3231326 TI - [Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder. Remarks on 30 cases]. PMID- 3231327 TI - [Merkel cell tumor of the skin]. PMID- 3231328 TI - [Critical remarks on 124 cases of resection of the left colon and rectum for cancer]. PMID- 3231329 TI - [Complicated diverticular disease]. PMID- 3231330 TI - [Cancer of the operated stomach]. PMID- 3231331 TI - [Clinico-therapeutic considerations in carcinoma of the gallbladder. Case series]. PMID- 3231332 TI - [Aneurysms of the popliteal artery. Implications in acute ischemia of the lower limb]. PMID- 3231333 TI - [Femoro-distal (below the knee) thromboendarterectomy. Indications, results and details of the surgical technic]. PMID- 3231334 TI - [Thromboendarterectomy of the aorto-bifemoral district. Our experience]. PMID- 3231336 TI - [Pleuropulmonary asbestosis. Observations on a clinical case]. PMID- 3231337 TI - [Acquired entero-vesical fistulas]. PMID- 3231335 TI - [Cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. Diagnostic and classification problems]. PMID- 3231338 TI - [Retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3231339 TI - Complicated diverticulitis in acute surgery. PMID- 3231341 TI - Proximal femoral fractures in conjunction with hemiarthroplasty according to Moore. AB - During a period of six years, 245 hemiarthroplasties according to Moore were implanted for fractures with dislocation of the femoral neck. In five patients (2%) proximal ipsilateral fractures of the femur occurred in the postoperative phase. All fractures were located near the tip of the prosthesis. Four were spiral fractures, one was a communitive fracture. Four patients were treated with plating, one with screw fixation. Two patients were unable to walk, two patients were able to walk with help and one walked without help. Classification of fractures distal to an endoprosthesis and operative modalities are discussed. PMID- 3231340 TI - Ischemic necrosis of the gastric remnant after (sub) total pancreatoduodenectomy. AB - Ischemic necrosis of the gastric remnant after pancreatoduodenectomy is an unusual complication associated with a high mortality. Three patients are presented. The causal factors and the surgical management are discussed. PMID- 3231342 TI - Solitary hamartoma of the lung: is thoracotomy still mandatory? AB - Solitary pulmonary hamartomas are the most common benign tumors of the lung, and have to be distinguished from primary or secondary malignant pulmonary lesions. The data of 20 patients operated for a solitary hamartoma of the lung are presented with special attention to the diagnostic methods which can contribute to the diagnosis. To avoid a surgical procedure, CT-densitometry and fine-needle aspiration biopsy have become of major interest for the diagnosis of hamartoma. Using in succession chest X-rays, CT-densitometry and fine-needle aspiration biopsy, a conservative approach can be advised in specific cases. However, exploratory thoracotomy is mandatory when a patient presents with a solitary pulmonary lesion of more than 2.5 cm or when the lesion shows a tendency to grow. PMID- 3231343 TI - Peri-aortal and retroperitoneal fibrosis: a local allergic reaction on obliterating atherosclerosis. PMID- 3231344 TI - Pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis. AB - Usually, pneumoperitoneum is due to perforation of a hollow abdominal organ. In the absence of peritoneal symptoms, pneumoperitoneum may be due to other causes. Two patients with an unnecessary laparotomy for pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis are presented. More knowledge of the less frequent causes of pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis can possibly contribute to refraining from exploratory laparotomy in these cases. PMID- 3231345 TI - Early functional treatment of supination-eversion stage-II ankle fractures: preliminary results. AB - The preliminary results of early functional treatment of 30 patients with a grade II supination-eversion fracture of the ankle according to Lauge-Hansen are discussed. The treatment of all patients consisted of splint immobilization for one week, followed by the application of a functional brace (Push Brace Medium) and immediate full weight bearing and functional training. All fractures healed without complications. Ankle function, radiographic findings and anamnestic complaints were monitored. The loss of ankle function diminished to 3.2 degrees +/- 4.9 degrees plantar flexion and to 1.7 degrees +/- 5.3 degrees dorsal flexion after one year follow up, none of the patients had significant complaints of pain or swelling. Radiography showed consolidation with callus formation in all cases. The grade-II supination-eversion fracture is a stable fracture which allows early functional treatment with the support of a Push Brace Medium. This results in an inexpensive, simple and comfortable therapy. A prospective randomized clinical trial is necessary to show the advantages of functional treatment over cast immobilization. Long-term follow-up will have to ascertain the theoretic risk of posttraumatic osteo-arthritis. PMID- 3231346 TI - The dynamic condylar screw in subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. AB - Early experience with the AO dynamic condylar screw in subtrochanteric fractures of the femur showed a solid and stable osteosynthesis in 19 patients. The ease of insertion of the dynamic condylar screw, the firm proximal fixation, the increased strength and resistance to stress failure should, in our opinion, make this technique a favoured form of treatment for this particular type of fracture. PMID- 3231347 TI - Hand injuries by fireworks. PMID- 3231348 TI - Splanchnic artery aneurysm. PMID- 3231349 TI - Intracaecal prolapse of the appendix from endometriosis. PMID- 3231351 TI - The Cardiac Rehabilitation Center. PMID- 3231350 TI - The Mannheimer Peritonitis Index: a valuable method in predicting the outcome of severe peritonitis? PMID- 3231352 TI - Maternal deaths in New Jersey. PMID- 3231353 TI - Postoperative epidural narcotics for vascular surgery. PMID- 3231354 TI - Multiple myeloma complicated by Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis. PMID- 3231355 TI - Identification and management of DES-exposed women. AB - Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen compound, was prescribed to many women with history of miscarriage between the years 1940 and 1971. As a result of prolonged use of DES in gynecological practice, an estimated 1 million to 1.5 million women were exposed prenatally, resulting in multiple upper and lower genital tract abnormalities. These anomalies may affect reproductive function and place women at greater risk for developing clear cell adenocarcinoma (peak incidence at age 19) and squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina and cervix (peak incidence at ages 35 to 40). Emphasis has been placed on screening for clear cell adenocarcinoma rather than squamous cell carcinoma and reproductive alterations. Despite the previous emphasis during the 1970s and a subsequent decline in public and practitioner awareness, women are at risk for the known effects of DES exposure until the year 2010. Greater effort must be made by practitioners to identify and screen for DES exposure in their practices, as well as to educate the public regarding the health risks posed by DES exposure so that affected women may be reached and receive care. PMID- 3231356 TI - Caring for the HIV-infected adult. AB - As the number of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dramatically escalates over the next few years, health care providers will increasingly be involved in their care. A thorough understanding of the broad spectrum of infection, from asymptomatic seropositivity to AIDS-related complex and overt AIDS, will help prepare care providers for the challenges ahead. This article identifies the clinical manifestations of infection, provides management plans for common problems, and discusses psychological and social issues pertinent to the care of HIV-infected adults. PMID- 3231357 TI - Direct reimbursement to nurse practitioners: the importance of the Federal Employees Health Care Freedom of Choice Act (H.R. 382). AB - This article discusses H.R. 382: The Federal Employees Health Care Freedom of Choice Act, first introduced to Congress in 1987. This act would directly reimburse nurses, nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, family and marriage therapists, and chiropractors under the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. Few third-party payers currently directly reimburse nurse practitioners. Passage of H.R. 382 is important because it would increase health care availability, make provisions for cost-effective care and increase provider choice. Direct reimbursement to nurse practitioners would not increase health insurance premiums, according to the Office of Personnel Management and the Congressional Budget Office. Suggested strategies for nurse practitioners to lobby for the bill are discussed. PMID- 3231358 TI - Strategies for faculty practice. AB - Nursing faculty who prepare students for advanced roles in primary care are faced with maintaining their own clinical knowledge and skills at a time when doctoral preparation, research and scholarship are receiving emphasis. This article describes some successful faculty experiences in increasing clinical knowledge and practice while integrating clinical practice into the faculty role. PMID- 3231359 TI - Let's capitalize on our successes (and avoid naivete) PMID- 3231360 TI - An ethical model for decision-making. AB - The increasing social and technological complexity of health care is requiring health care providers to make many ethical decisions. This article presents a brief overview of selected ethical principles and theories, as well as several decision-making models. A 10-question model to assist the practitioner in assessing the moral aspects of an ethical dilemma is described and this model is applied to a clinical situation which involves the principles of confidentiality, autonomy, and prevention of harm. PMID- 3231361 TI - Patient compliance: a challenge in practice. AB - Non-compliance with medication regimens is a major public health problem. Much research has been carried out and several theories have been developed to explain and correlate a variety of factors that influence a person's willingness to comply with treatment recommendations. The literature cites 24 behaviors that have a positive effect on patient compliance. However, according to a recent survey conducted by the authors, only 11 of these behaviors are reported as being used by nurse practitioners a majority of the time. As nurse practitioners become familiar with and use all the behaviors that influence compliance, they can design individualized treatment plans that will allow for increased patient compliance with medication regimens. PMID- 3231362 TI - Update on high blood pressure: highlights from the 1988 national report. AB - This article summarizes the highlights of the 1988 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. In addition, it examines the implications for practice relative to caring for individuals with elevated blood pressure, including individuals with coexisting medical conditions and those from special populations (e.g., young, elderly, pregnant). This article outlines an insightful approach to the definitive clinical recommendations issued in the report. The ways in which nurse practitioners can facilitate greater patient involvement in drug and non-drug therapy as well as in reducing other cardiovascular risk factors are presented. The article addresses the quality of life aspects relative to implementing the treatment guidelines and their importance in clinical decision-making. PMID- 3231363 TI - The tenth Taniguchi International Symposium on Visual Science. Katata, Japan, November 23-27, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3231365 TI - Different appearance of actions of excitatory amino acids on turtle horizontal cells in different preparations; eyecup and isolated retina. PMID- 3231366 TI - Baclofen's suppression of epileptiform-like activity: a retinal model. PMID- 3231364 TI - Color and luminance contrast as tools for probing the primate retina. PMID- 3231367 TI - Immunohistochemical and autoradiographic studies on retinal regeneration in teleost fish. PMID- 3231368 TI - Effects of dopamine on spatial properties of horizontal cell responses in the carp retina. PMID- 3231369 TI - Ultra-violet-sensitive cones in the color-coding systems of cyprinid retinas. PMID- 3231370 TI - The empty lifeboat. PMID- 3231371 TI - Issues related to the medical certification of death. A physician survey. PMID- 3231372 TI - Inhalation marijuana as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3231373 TI - Adult day care--a recent past and a growing future. PMID- 3231374 TI - A 73-year-old woman with left lower quadrant pain accompanied by swelling and bluish discoloration of the left lower extremity. PMID- 3231375 TI - Brain abscess: a complication of cocaine inhalation. PMID- 3231376 TI - Endobronchial lipoma. PMID- 3231377 TI - Cancer of the male breast. PMID- 3231378 TI - Amelioration of Graves' disease during pregnancy. PMID- 3231379 TI - Preemployment drug testing of housestaff physicians. PMID- 3231380 TI - AIDS antibodies may enhance viral infection. PMID- 3231381 TI - The new hospital code and the supervision of residents. PMID- 3231382 TI - Meeting the psychosocial and legal needs of women with AIDS and their families. PMID- 3231383 TI - Cerebral aspergillosis. PMID- 3231384 TI - HIV antibody testing in a family planning clinic setting. PMID- 3231386 TI - Cremation patterns for patients dying of AIDS in New York City. PMID- 3231385 TI - Personality factors that differentiate homosexual men with positive and negative attitudes toward condom use. PMID- 3231387 TI - An AIDS education program for Vietnamese women. PMID- 3231388 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the black community: focusing on education and the black male. PMID- 3231389 TI - Public education to prevent the spread of HIV infection. PMID- 3231390 TI - The role of the medical assistant. PMID- 3231391 TI - Update: universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and other bloodborne pathogens in health-care settings. PMID- 3231392 TI - Invasive aspergillosis: an unusual manifestation of AIDS. PMID- 3231394 TI - Cancer mortality among Native Americans in New York State. PMID- 3231393 TI - Brucellosis in an 18-year-old man from Greece. PMID- 3231395 TI - Sporotrichosis outbreak. PMID- 3231396 TI - Playground injuries. PMID- 3231397 TI - Management skills. Handling the delicate situation. PMID- 3231398 TI - Biological monitoring: what samples to take? PMID- 3231399 TI - Management skills. OH managers and employee legislation. PMID- 3231400 TI - [The first cycle of DNA replication in mouse embryogenesis studied by microinjections of 3H-thymidine into the cytoplasm of fertilized ova]. AB - H-thymidine was injected into cytoplasm of the eggs taken at different intervals after fertilization and the eggs were fixed immediately thereafter. DNA synthesis was shown to begin in pronuclei when they are still in the marginal zones of cytoplasm, immediately after their formation. S-phase lasts 5-6 h in every pronucleus and is terminated at 1-2 h before the first cleavage division when the pronuclei are closely approached and located in the center of cytoplasm. At the end of S-phase late replicating heterochromatic regions are distinctly localized near the nuclear envelope and in pronuclei. Male and female pronuclei display asynchrony in the course of S-phase and differences in 3H-thymidine incorporation into chromatin. Structural features of the first cell cycle in mouse embryogenesis are discussed. PMID- 3231402 TI - [Dynamics of the redistribution of pigmented granules in the dermal melanophores of anuran larvae. 2. Aggregation]. PMID- 3231401 TI - [Effect of external tensions on tissue differentiation in embryos of the clawed toad in vitro]. PMID- 3231403 TI - [The activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in the liver of the developing chick embryo. The relation to the rate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle]. AB - Succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activities were determined in the liver of chick embryos and one and two day old chickens. The succinate dehydrogenase activity remained unchanged throughout development. The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity decreased by the end of embryogenesis and increased after hatching. The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity as an index of rate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle is discussed. PMID- 3231405 TI - [Radioautographic and electron microscopic research on the structure and dynamic proliferative activity of muscle satellite cells during limb muscle transplantation in axolotls]. PMID- 3231404 TI - [The cholinergic system in the early development of chickens. 1. Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase as the key regulators of acetylcholine metabolism]. AB - Acetylcholine esterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) and choline acetyltransferase (CAT, EC 2.3.1.6) activities were studied in the early chick embryos. Gastrulation is accompanied by a sharp increase in the AChE activity which was most pronounced in anterior hypoblast. Three molecular of AChE (4.7, 6.8 and 10.9 S) were identified in the extract of chick embryos using a sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The CAT activity remained unchanged during gastrulation but increased twice at the end of gastrulation. PMID- 3231406 TI - Circles. PMID- 3231407 TI - The relationship between retina surgery and preretinal macular fibrosis. AB - A prospective study of 440 eyes of 220 patients following successful operations for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (132 eyes) and prophylactic operations for retinal breaks (103 eyes) revealed an incidence of preretinal macular fibrosis (PRMF) of 47% after scleral buckling surgery and 42% after prophylactic laser or cryopexy. The incidence of PRMF was significantly greater in aphakic vs phakic detachments, in detachments with operculated vs horseshoe breaks, in detachments with horseshoe breaks vs lattice degeneration, in detachments involving the macula, after scleral buckling with cryotherapy vs diathermy, and after prophylactic treatment of retinal breaks of fellow eyes with retinal detachment or retinal breaks that had developed postoperative PRMF. Analysis of the data suggests that PRMF is most likely a result of the retinal break, detachment, and subsequent treatment. PMID- 3231408 TI - Nd:YAG laser augmented pneumatic retinopexy. AB - We present the first ten consecutive cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated by one surgeon using pneumatic retinopexy with Nd:YAG laser disruption of vitreoretinal adhesions. In nine cases the retina has remained reattached, after a follow-up period of 11 to 18 months. The use of the Nd:YAG laser to disrupt vitreoretinal adhesions at the sites of retinal tears is discussed. PMID- 3231409 TI - Retinal vascular occlusion without retrobulbar or optic nerve sheath hemorrhage after retrobulbar injection of lidocaine. AB - We report a case of retinal vascular occlusion in a patient with severe diabetic retinopathy after retrobulbar injection of lidocaine. Several features of the occlusion are of interest: 1) rapid onset and relatively rapid reversal temporally associated with intervention; 2) numerous areas of focal vascular constriction; 3) absence of retrobulbar hemorrhage or dilated optic nerve sheath on CT scan; and 4) recurrence of nonperfusion after a second injection into the inferior peribulbar space. This suggests that patients with severe vascular disease may suffer retinal vascular occlusion after retrobulbar injections in the absence of identifiable retrobulbar or intraoptic nerve sheath hemorrhage. Though the mechanism is uncertain, this unusual complication deserves consideration, since its early recognition could possibly be of benefit in the management of some patients. PMID- 3231410 TI - Complications of vitrectomy for non-clearing vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic patients. AB - One hundred consecutive patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy underwent vitrectomy for nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage. Eighty-two had significantly improved vision; nine had no improvement in vision; and nine had complications which resulted in permanent loss of vision. Only three eyes lost vision because of neovascular glaucoma. Our results indicate that with improved surgical techniques, the incidence of vitrectomy complications is decreasing. PMID- 3231411 TI - Morbidity following prolonged postoperative hypotony after trabeculectomy. AB - The postoperative course of a series of 54 patients that had undergone primary trabeculectomy for open-angle glaucoma is reviewed. Almost one third of the eyes had prolonged postoperative hypotony with an intraocular pressure less than 8mm Hg for more than 2 weeks. The possible significance of prolonged hypotony and choroidal effusions is discussed in relation to the final intraocular pressure and the effect on visual acuity. PMID- 3231412 TI - Intraocular pressure reduction prior to retrobulbar injection of anesthetic. AB - Following the retrobulbar injection of anesthetic, the application of a mechanical device to lower the intraocular pressure will produce a rise in intraocular pressure that may be sufficient to compromise ocular perfusion. To increase the margin of safety for ischemic damage, a mechanical means of intraocular pressure reduction (Superpinkie) was applied prior to, rather than following, the retrobulbar injection of anesthetic. The study group consisting of 20 patients receiving the compression-injection sequence had a mean preoperative pressure of 4.70 mm Hg, while a control group of 20 patients receiving the injection-compression sequence had a mean preoperative pressure of 2.25 mm Hg. The proposed compression-injection method was well tolerated by the patients and attained surgically adequate anesthesia, akinesia, and ocular opening pressures. In selective cases, the compression-injection technique for the delivery of retrobulbar anesthesia may offer a means of better maintaining ocular perfusion and thereby lessening the risk of vascular compromise. PMID- 3231413 TI - Treatment of congenital unilateral upper eyelid retraction with a marginal myotomy procedure. AB - Two children with congenital unilateral upper eyelid retraction were treated successfully with surgery at 2 years of age. Excellent results were obtained using a modification of Grove's marginal myotomy procedure for lengthening the levator palpebrae superiorus muscle. To our knowledge, early surgical treatment for this rare idiopathic disorder has not been reported previously. PMID- 3231414 TI - Mepivacaine plasma levels after retrobulbar anesthesia. AB - Plasma concentrations of mepivacaine were determined after retrobulbar anesthesia. The measured maximal blood levels that can produce systemic side effects range from 1.23 to 4.88 micrograms/ml. We therefore recommend preoperative and intraoperative monitoring of arterial blood pressure and ECG. PMID- 3231415 TI - Evaluation of a method of instilling eyedrops in visually handicapped patients. PMID- 3231416 TI - Ophthalmic manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A study of thirty-four patients. AB - Ophthalmic manifestations were studied in 34 patients suffering from AIDS. Ophthalmic disorders were found in 20 of these (58%), the most frequent being a cotton-wool-type spot (94.7%). Three patients showed an ophthalmic state compatible with choroid ischemia and atrophy of the pigmented epithelium of the retina. Three patients had necrotizing retinitis probably of viral etiology (cytomegalovirus). Other disorders observed were intraretinal hemorrhages, Roth's spots, microaneurysms, periphlebitis and ocular infiltration by Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 3231418 TI - Cavernous hemangioma of the retina in a pediatric patient. AB - A 4-year-old girl had a cavernous hemangioma of the retina in the right eye. A vitreous hemorrhage associated with this lesion caused amblyopic exotropia. Although this lesion has been considered harmless, it may cause visual impairment in the pediatric patients. PMID- 3231417 TI - Subretinal precipitates of retinal detachments associated with intraocular tumors. AB - Yellowish white precipitates are sometimes observed clinically in the subretinal area of the retinal detachments. We investigated retinal detachments observed in a 47-year-old man associated with choroidal malignant melanoma and in a 1-year old girl with retinoblastoma. Yellowish white precipitates were foam cells located around degenerated outer and inner segments of photoreceptor cells. They were more abundantly present associated with malignant melanoma than with retinoblastoma. They exhibited abundant lipid droplets, abundant lysosomes with phagocytosed materials including inner segments, fibrin, melanin and lipofuscin, abundant glycogen particles, indented nuclei, and cytoplasmic processes without intercellular junctional apparatus. They appeared to be macrophages. PMID- 3231419 TI - Is taurine a marker for retinitis pigmentosa? AB - In view of contrary reports in the literature on anomalies of taurine concentration in the blood of retinitis pigmentosa patients, taurine clearance has been determined in 19 patients and 17 controls. No significant difference has been found between the average values of the two populations. The taurine content in cataractous crystalline lenses of retinitis pigmentosa patients has been found higher than the taurine content in lenses with senile cataract, but the same behaviour was also shown by five selected proteogenic amino acids. The results are discussed together with related literature data to conclude that taurine can be involved at least in some subtypes of retinitis pigmentosa, but cannot be considered as a marker for the disease. PMID- 3231420 TI - Evaluation of corrected loss variance as a visual field index. I. CLV exceeds RMS in discriminating between glaucoma-suspect patients with no loss of visual sensitivity and normal observers. AB - Octopus visual fields were compared for three groups of patients: (1) diagnosed glaucoma patients; (2) glaucoma-suspect patients, and (3) control observers. Four visual field indices were analyzed for each visual field: mean sensitivity, short term fluctuation (root mean square), mean defect, and corrected loss variance. Among the four indices, corrected loss variance was the only index that discriminated the glaucoma-suspect group from the control group, while, as expected, the glaucoma group differed from the other two study groups for all four indices. These data support the view that corrected loss variance may provide highly sensitive information on which to base an early clinical diagnosis of glaucoma in patients who do not demonstrate traditional field loss. PMID- 3231421 TI - Evaluation of corrected loss variance as a visual field index. II. Corrected loss variance in conjunction with mean defect may identify stages of glaucoma. AB - Although corrected loss variance (CLV) may enhance the sensitivity of field examinations in the early stages of glaucoma, the value of CLV has not been investigated with advancing glaucoma. In this study we report mean defect (MD) and CLV for 266 Octopus field examinations (a total of 57 eyes and 47 patients with open-angle glaucoma) collected over a period of approximately 6 years on a stored database system. We find that CLV is generally elevated (relative to the normal controls) independent of MD. However, the elevated level of CLV does not vary with increasing field loss as indicated by MD. A classification system for defining stages of glaucoma is proposed utilizing CLV and MD as a combined index. PMID- 3231422 TI - [Automated campimetry with video screen: analysis of 565 cases with ocular hypertension]. AB - In 303 patients (565 eyes) affected by ocular hypertension, an automated suprathreshold campimetry was performed using the "Moniteur ophtalmologique" with a video screen. An analysis of the visual field is presented. The sensitivity and the quality of the video screen are discussed. PMID- 3231423 TI - Aplanatic gonioscopic contact lens of one piece for glaucoma laser surgery. AB - A heterocentric aplanatic contact of one piece has been designed for optimal efficiency of laser surgery for ALT and YLT in the angle of the anterior chamber. PMID- 3231424 TI - Late manifestation of conjunctival malignant melanoma. AB - The patient, who is now 60, had a nevus and areas of cystic changes in the conjunctiva in her right eye, which had been present from birth to the age of 59. In 1987, rapid tumor growth aroused suspicion that malignant change could be occurring and so the nevus as well as the area of the conjunctiva containing cystic changes were excised. Histological finding: conjunctival malignant melanoma, containing compressed (densely arranged) atypical cells with pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The biopsy specimen of the conjunctiva showed a typical nevocellular nevus with large inclusion cysts of the conjunctival epithelium. PMID- 3231425 TI - Exudative retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Six persons with retinitis pigmentosa and exudative vasculopathy were observed within a group of 110 patients with retinitis pigmentosa seen during 5 years. Two new hypotheses are formulated in order to explain the origin of this relationship. PMID- 3231426 TI - [Neutron spin tomography of the optic nerve in retrobulbar neuritis and optic nerve atrophy: demonstration of inflammation and demyelination]. AB - Detection of inflammatory lesions of the optic nerve by magnetic resonance imaging requires a special imaging technique. In 3 patients with persisting visual loss due to retrobulbar neuritis we scanned the optic nerve with a short inversion recovery sequence. In each of the 3 patients magnetic resonance imaging revealed inflammatory lesions in the intracanalicular portion of the optic nerve. It is supposed that the unfavorable location of the lesions in the optic canal is responsible for the poor recovery of visual acuity. In another patient with a bilateral optic nerve atrophy demyelination of the optic nerve could be made visible. PMID- 3231427 TI - Tear mucus crystallization in children with cystic fibrosis. AB - Cystic fibrosis is characterized by an abnormally high electrolyte concentration in exocrine secretions. The authors performed the tear mucus ferning test in 26 eyes of children with cystic fibrosis and compared the results to those in an equal number of age-matched normals. The results suggest that the increased electrolyte concentration could be responsible for the increased hyperviscosity of mucus. The tear mucus ferning test appears to be a suitable diagnostic test for the assessment of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3231428 TI - Posterior chamber lens implantation: histopathological report of a successful case. AB - Using electron microscopy, we examined an eye obtained at autopsy in which a C loop intraocular lens had been implanted into the posterior chamber 2 years and 4 months prior to the patient's death. The lens was affixed with the superior loop outside the capsular bag and the inferior loop within the capsular bag. The two ciliary epithelial layers to which the superior loop was attached were thinned; the pigmented epithelial layer was completely absent and the nonpigmented epithelial layer was disrupted, suggesting breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. Proliferating lens epithelial cells, basement membrane-like material, collagen fibers and microfibrils were seen surrounding the inferior loop. The lens capsule, the zonular fibers and the ciliary epithelium adjacent to the inferior loop showed no pathological changes. PMID- 3231429 TI - Norrie disease as part of a complex syndrome explained by a submicroscopic deletion of the X chromosome. AB - A 15-year-old male patient with the typical ocular symptoms of Norrie disease is described. Additionally, he presents severe mental retardation, growth disturbances, hypogonadism, and increased susceptibility to infections. This complex syndrome is apparently segregating through three generations: four other male relatives of the patient were blind from birth and died from recurrent infections between the ages of three to 15 months. The DNA sequence of the DXS7 locus (L1.28 probe), known to be closely linked to the Norrie gene, was not found in the patient's DNA. This result suggests that the more complex clinical picture seen is the result of a deletion of the X chromosome spanning DXS7, the Norrie gene, and several neighbouring loci. A detailed clinical description of the patient is given and compared to that of similar cases. PMID- 3231430 TI - Atypical macular coloboma (dysplasia) associated with familial juvenile nephronophthisis and skeletal abnormality. AB - A malformation association comprising bilateral atypical macular coloboma, familial juvenile nephronophthisis and mesomelic skeletal dysplasia of upper limbs with bilateral radiohumeral fusion is reported in two sisters. The association seems to represent a new, probably autosomal recessive, oculo-reno skeletal syndrome. PMID- 3231431 TI - Ocular injuries by autostimulation in mentally retarded and nearly blind children. AB - Recently, the authors treated two mentally retarded and nearly blind children whose eyes were injured by autostimulation. Case 1, who has Joubert's syndrome associated with Leber's congenital amaurosis, continued to press his left eye with his hands, and a severe corneal ulcer ensued. Case 2, who is suspected of having optic atrophy or cortical blindness, looked too closely at a bright light and burned his eyelid. PMID- 3231432 TI - Duplicate publication and copyright. The role of authors and reviewers. PMID- 3231433 TI - The Williams syndrome. Spectrum and significance of ocular features. AB - Forty-two subjects with classic features of Williams syndrome were evaluated to ascertain the prevalence and severity of the ophthalmologic features associated with the disorder. Twenty-six (62%) had a stellate pattern of the anterior iris stroma which was observed only in individuals with blue or hazel iris color. Twelve (29%) had strabismus, most commonly esotropia. Hypermetropic discs were noted in 18 of 33 patients (55%), a simplex vertical branching of the central retinal vessels at the disc in 23 (70%), and situs inversus vasorum in 5 (15%). No subject had accentuated vascular tortuosity, which has been reported previously as a hallmark of this syndrome. No ocular manifestation of infantile hypercalcemia was noted in any subject. PMID- 3231434 TI - Fluorescein angiography of the iris and specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium in some cases of glaucoma secondary to chronic cyclitis. AB - A series is presented of middle- to old-aged female patients with gray irides and mild bilateral cyclitis accompanied by severe glaucoma with advanced cupping and field loss in the late stages. The cyclitis is accompanied by edema of the corneal endothelium, with the presence of inflammatory cells on the posterior surface of the endothelium; these changes were reversible with topical corticosteroids. There also was hypoperfusion of the iris with microneovascular changes, but these changes were not reversible. The rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) was associated with changes in the endothelial cells of the posterior cornea that may be accompanied by similar changes in the endothelium of the trabecular meshwork. A large proportion of these patients had sarcoidosis, but the more florid ocular appearances of sarcoid were not present although two patients had chorioretinal scarring. The use of topical corticosteroids was important in helping to control the elevated IOP in these cases. Recognition and treatment of the condition is important, because cupping and field loss were extreme in long-standing cases. PMID- 3231435 TI - Modified grid laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. The effect on the central visual field. AB - Modified grid laser photocoagulation has been shown to stabilize visual acuity in patients with diabetic macular edema, but the effect on extrafoveal visual function is uncertain. Automated static threshold perimetry was performed on 64 eyes of 36 patients before and after modified grid therapy with the argon green or krypton red laser. Twenty-eight eyes underwent two grid treatments for persistent macular edema. For all eyes tested, average threshold sensitivity in the central 5 degrees dropped 3.44 dB (standard deviation [SD], 3.79 dB) after the first treatment and 6.86 dB (SD, 5.02 dB) cumulatively after the second treatment. Qualitatively, the grayscale displays of the central visual field were darker after treatment, but the scotomata from laser photocoagulation could not be distinguished from those due to macular edema. The foveal threshold showed no significant change. In a subgroup of patients tested, color vision was not significantly improved and nearly all patients exhibited a tritan defect before and after treatment. No difference was detected between the argon and krypton groups. This suggests that with modified grid laser photocoagulation visual acuity and foveal threshold are preserved at the expense of generalized loss of threshold sensitivity across the central 10 degrees of the visual field. PMID- 3231436 TI - Local ocular hypothermia in experimental intraocular surgery. AB - Local ocular hypothermia was evaluated in experimental open sky vitrectomy, closed vitrectomy, and anterior chamber irrigation and aspiration in 40 albino rabbits (80 eyes). The irrigating balanced salt solution was used at room temperature in control eyes and was cooled to 7 degrees C in experimental eyes. Experimental eyes demonstrated less intraocular bleeding volume, less fibrin production, and less postoperative inflammation. No detectable tissue intolerance to hypothermia was observed on short- or long-term follow-up. PMID- 3231437 TI - Caution advised in interpreting contrast sensitivity results. PMID- 3231438 TI - Choroidal melanoma and pigment dispersion. PMID- 3231439 TI - Niacin maculopathy. PMID- 3231440 TI - Vitrectomy in the management of uveitis. PMID- 3231441 TI - Melanoma metastatic to the orbit. AB - Cutaneous malignant melanoma often metastasizes to the lung, bone, liver, subcutaneous tissue, and lymph nodes. Six cases of malignant melanoma metastatic to the orbit are presented, five from cutaneous melanomas and one from a contralateral choroidal melanoma. Melanoma rarely metastasizes to the orbit, but when orbital involvement occurs, widespread metastases are already present. Twenty-two cases were reviewed from the literature; 13 of 14 patients, with sufficient follow-up data, had widespread metastases when they presented with orbital disease. Extraocular muscles appear to be a favored site of metastases. The mean time from orbital presentation to death was 4 months. Orbital metastases from a distant melanoma is, therefore, part of a widespread metastatic process. Treatment should be directed toward palliation. PMID- 3231442 TI - Aponeurotic ptosis repair under local anesthesia. Prediction of results from operative lid height. AB - The unpredictability of acquired ptosis repair is a difficult problem. Aponeurotic ptosis repair may be performed under local anesthesia, and past reports have suggested that operative lid position may be used to predict the final result. The authors prospectively studied 20 aponeurotic repairs under local anesthesia for patients with acquired ptosis and normal levator function. Photographs were taken during surgery, 1 week after surgery, and 3 months after surgery. Statistical analysis of vertical lid fissure measurements demonstrated a linear relationship between operative lid position and the 3-month result. When operative lid height was significantly greater than 10 mm, then a slight postoperative rise was observed, but when operative lid height was significantly less than 10 mm, then a slight postoperative fall was observed. Lid position at 1 week proved to be an excellent predictor of the 3-month result, establishing a reasonable basis for intervention in cases of overcorrection or undercorrection. PMID- 3231443 TI - Melanocytic nevi of the palpebral conjunctiva. An extremely rare location usually signifying melanoma. AB - Nevi of the conjunctiva generally develop during the first 2 decades of life, and are almost entirely restricted to the epibulbar surface, the plica, the caruncle, and the lid margin. Therefore, any elevated pigmented lesion of the forniceal or tarsal conjunctiva acquired later in life must be regarded with suspicion as a melanoma or melanoma precursor, and a biopsy should be done routinely. This report is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first histopathologic documentation of nevi located in the palpebral conjunctiva. One nevus was acquired and the other was probably congenital. PMID- 3231444 TI - Cryotherapy for conjunctival primary acquired melanosis and malignant melanoma. Experience with 62 cases. AB - Sixty-two patients were treated by some combination of cryotherapy and surgery with an average follow-up of 3.3 years for one of the following diseases: focal or diffuse flat conjunctival primary acquired melanosis (PAM) with atypia but without a nodule of melanoma (10 cases); unifocal malignant melanoma with or without focal or diffuse PAM (30 cases); and multinodular/multicentric melanoma with and without PAM (22 cases). Of the ten patients who had PAM with atypia, invasive nodules of malignant melanoma did not develop. A second treatment was required to control the disease in four of the ten patients with extensive or diffuse lesions, and one has mild persistent disease. Of the 30 patients with unifocal nodules of malignant melanoma, 27 remained free of recurrence after one treatment, and 2 are asymptomatic after two treatments. One patient with a thick nodule at presentation required a parotidectomy and radical neck dissection for cervical metastases after recurrence in the conjunctival sac. In the group of 22 patients with multinodular malignant melanoma, only two did not have recurrent disease after one treatment. Of those who received multiple therapies, seven remained free of recurrence for at least 2 years after the last treatment; regional or distant metastases developed in nine; four required exenteration; and eight died. Conjunctival adjunctive cryotherapy avoids exenteration in extensive lesions of pure PAM and in unifocal melanoma, but even after multiple therapies, multinodular malignant melanoma had a 45% rate of metastasis. Metastasis was related to the presence of PAM sine pigmento in four patients (microscopically but not clinically detectable PAM); to the location of the nodules (9 of 10 patients who experienced metastases had forniceal, palpebral, and/or caruncular nodules); to the thickness or depth of invasion of the nodules (greater than 2 mm); and to the development of intralymphatic spread ("in-transit" local metastasis) within the conjunctival sac in six patients. No metastases were encountered among patients with strictly limbal nodules and among five patients with invasive nodules composed of spindle cells in part or in toto. Therapeutic success in this spectrum of melanocytic proliferations is closely correlated with the clinical extent of the disease when initiating definitive therapy. PMID- 3231445 TI - Symptoms of canalicular obstruction. AB - The need for surgical repair of monocanalicular lacerations is controversial. The authors used temporary punctal plugs of hydroxypropyl cellulose to assess the symptoms associated with upper and lower monocanalicular obstruction in 18 normal eyes. Fifty percent of those experimental obstructions resulted in mild intermittent symptoms of epiphora, increased tear film, discomfort, or blurred vision. Constant epiphora was not reported. The results suggest that a single upper or lower canaliculus is sufficient for drainage of minimally stimulated tear secretion but may not completely drain reflex tear secretion. This information may help patients and ophthalmologists reach an informed decision as to the need for surgical repair of a severed canaliculus. PMID- 3231446 TI - Binocular function in unilateral aphakia. Correlation with aniseikonia and stereoacuity. AB - Aniseikonia and stereoacuity were measured in patients with unilateral aphakia, most of whom were postoperative senile cataract cases. The New Aniseikonia test was used to evaluate aniseikonia and the Titmus Stereotest to measure stereoacuity. Ninety cases were studied, 57 (63.3%) of which had intraocular lens (IOL) implants; 27 (30%) had extended-wear soft contact lenses; and six (6.7%) had spectacle lenses. In the IOL group, aniseikonia averaged 2.8%, and 39 patients (68.4%) had good stereoacuity. In the contact lens group, aniseikonia averaged 4.6%, and 11 (40.7%) had good stereoacuity. In the spectacle lens group, aniseikonia averaged 17.8%; none of the patients had good stereoacuity. The authors concluded that in cases with unilateral aphakia, correction with an IOL implant is superior to the other alternatives in achieving good binocular function. PMID- 3231447 TI - The use of vertical offsets with horizontal strabismus surgery. AB - A series of 83 patients had vertical displacement of the horizontal rectus muscle insertions monocularly along with recession-resection surgery to correct comitant, vertical strabismus coexisting with a horizontal deviation. Using a surgical plan of approximately 1 mm of displacement of both the medial and lateral rectus insertions to correct each prism diopter (PD) of vertical deviation, 67% of patients had no residual vertical strabismus, and 80% had 2 PD or less of vertical strabismus. Mean follow-up time was 18 months (minimum, 6 weeks). Little change was noted in the vertical deviation after the 1-month postoperative examination. Transposition appeared to have no effect on the results of surgery for the horizontal strabismus. PMID- 3231448 TI - Developmental aspects of the Bruckner test. AB - Normal infants ranging from newborn to 10 months of age were examined in order to study age-related variation in the behavior of the fundus reflexes seen in the course of performing the Bruckner test. Most infants 8 months of age and older show the characteristic symmetric dimming of the fundus reflexes in both eyes occurring with central fixation. Neonates and most infants younger than 2 months of age do not show dimming of the fundus reflex with fixation, probably due to an inability to accommodate accurately. Between 2 and 8 months of age, up to 28% of infants have asymmetric dimming of the fundus reflexes in the two eyes. In contrast to older children in which this is a pathologic finding, asymmetric fundus reflexes occurring in this age range may represent a normal stage of development. PMID- 3231449 TI - The correction of aphakia in infants with hydrogel extended-wear contact lenses. Corneal studies. AB - Although hydrogel extended-wear contact lenses (EWCLs) have been used extensively in the correction of aphakia in neonates, little is known about the effects of these lenses on infant corneas. Recent studies have demonstrated that long-term contact lenses can induce endothelial morphometric changes, including an increased coefficient of variation (CV) of mean endothelial cell area. Using wide field specular microscopy, the authors studied 11 eyes of 10 patients, 1 to 3 years of age who, after lensectomy for congenital cataracts, wore EWCLs for the correction of aphakia. Except for two corneas in which increased pachometric readings and CV developed after repeated episodes of lens loss and inflammation, the EWCL were well tolerated and associated with few complications in this study. PMID- 3231450 TI - Extended-wear contact lenses for the treatment of pediatric aphakia. AB - The practicality of extended-wear contact lenses in the refractive correction of pediatric aphakia was assessed with 240 eyes in 184 patients. Patient ages at the time of contact lens fitting ranged from 18 days to 9.8 years. One hundred forty one eyes were fit from 1 day to 55 months postoperatively and then followed for 6 months to 5.7 years (average, 29 months). Only five patients lost more than five lenses. The overall loss rate was less than one lens per year of follow-up. No patient had contact lens-related complications with permanent visual sequelae. Only 14% of patients had contact lens problems or factors related to parental inability to care for the lens which resulted in discontinuation of contact lens therapy. The authors were unable to identify any subset of patients who should be considered for primary surgical optical correction of their aphakia. PMID- 3231451 TI - Pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy for complicated cataracts in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Anterior surgical approaches to cataracts in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) patients are compromised by chronic anterior and posterior uveitis, miotic pupils, and posterior synechiae. The authors retrospectively reviewed the results of pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy in ten eyes from seven JRA patients with cataracts associated with chronic iridocyclitis and vitritis. Visual acuities improved from 20/100 or worse preoperatively to 20/60 or better postoperatively. Transient postoperative hypotony lasting 1 week to 4 months occurred in four of the ten eyes. Patients with glaucoma continued to require antiglaucoma therapy after surgery. Pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy provides a theoretically preferrable approach to complicated cataracts and vitritis in JRA patients because it allows removal of peripheral lens material in the presence of a miotic pupil, eliminates the potential for synechiae to the posterior capsule and/or anterior hyaloid, and clears the visual axis of inflammatory debris. PMID- 3231452 TI - Inferior rectus recession for vertical tropia after cataract surgery. AB - Four patients with de novo onset of persistent vertical tropia ranging from 4 to 11 prism diopters (PD) after cataract surgery underwent inferior rectus recession. Deviations were stable and fuseable with prism preoperatively for 4 to 6 months. Three patients regained single binocular vision in all fields of gaze. Macular change developed in one eye of a diabetic patient, precluding adequate postoperative assessment. Mechanical and sensory factors, detailed assessment of pertinent preoperative findings, and intraoperative management are discussed. Previous literature is reviewed. PMID- 3231454 TI - Dural and carotid cavernous sinus fistulas. PMID- 3231453 TI - Predictions of outcomes from cataract surgery in elderly persons. AB - To determine how well visual outcomes of cataract surgery can be predicted from acuity estimations by visual instruments and an ophthalmologist, the authors compared predictions of postsurgical visual acuity with the measured acuity at 4 months in 82 elderly persons. Comparisons were made between the potential acuity meter (PAM), laser interferometer (LI), and an ophthalmologist, who predicted the final vision before surgery using screening visual information, including PAM, LI data, and results of the patient's examination. Neither instrument alone was successful in predicting postsurgical acuity +/- 1 contiguous Snellen chart line (bivariate correlation [r] = 0.03 for PAM and 0.07 for LI). The ophthalmologist was the most accurate predictor of acuity within 1 line (r = 0.41, p less than or equal to 0.001). These results indicate that the PAM and LI did not independently predict postsurgical vision in elderly cataract patients, but results of a clinical examination markedly improved the accuracy of predictions. PMID- 3231455 TI - I-125 plaque irradiation. PMID- 3231456 TI - Central versus peripheral panretinal photocoagulation. PMID- 3231457 TI - EEC hearing impairment programme: collaboration in Europe, 1974-1988. AB - The Commission of the European Communities funds a 'concerted action' programme in the area of hearing impairment. The programme does not fund research directly, but is intended to provide funds for coordination of research in different countries. Previous projects funded by the programme include a comprehensive study of the prevalence of childhood deafness in the European Community, and meetings on cochlear implants, human temporal bone histopathology, diagnostic techniques and hearing impairment in children. The programme is currently concerned with new technologies for communication in the hearing impaired and activities in 1988 will include workshops on signal processing hearing aids and early diagnosis in children. PMID- 3231459 TI - Prognostic estimation of sudden deafness by cochlear microphonics of electrocochleography. AB - Estimation of the prognosis of sudden sensorineural deafness is available by reviewing CM responses in electrocochleography (ECochG) even at an early stage of disease after the onset. The detection threshold of CM irrespective of the period of ECochG seems to be the most reliable tool to estimate the final hearing level in pure tone audiogram. PMID- 3231460 TI - Prevention of vertigo in Meniere's syndrome by means of transtympanic ventilation tubes. AB - The insertion of a transtympanic ventilation tube prevented the occurrence of vertiginous attacks in 82% of a series of 28 patients suffering typical Meniere's syndrome with incapacitating vertigo resistant to medical treatment. The follow up time exceeds 2 years for all cases. It ranges from 2 to 4 years with an average of 2.5 years. This treatment had no effect on drop attacks. Also, hearing loss does not seem to be influenced. The presence of a transtympanic ventilation tube has not caused any major complications in these patients. Obstruction or loss of the tube was in some cases followed by the reappearance of vertigo. It is therefore important to check the patency of the tube before concluding that treatment has failed. The apparent benefit of ventilation tubes in reducing the occurrence of vertiginous attacks suggests that patients with endolymphatic hydrops are particularly sensitive to middle ear pressure. PMID- 3231458 TI - Innervation densities of inner and outer hair cells of the human organ of Corti. Evidence for auditory neural degeneration in a case of Usher's syndrome. AB - The innervation densities, i.e. the number of afferent endings per inner and outer hair cell, number of synaptic specializations per inner hair cell and the number of efferent endings per outer hair cell, were evaluated by serial section electron microscopy in the normal human inner ear and a case of Usher's syndrome (retinitis pigmentosa and sensorineural hearing loss). There was a significant decrease in the innervation density in Usher's syndrome as compared to normative controls, which could not be explained by the decrease in density of spiral ganglion cells. This was interpreted as suggesting a decrease in the number of neural processes and endings within the dendritic arborization of remaining spiral ganglion cells in this disorder. PMID- 3231462 TI - Psychophenomenon of paradoxical rotation provoked by acoustic and tactile stimuli. AB - Two groups of healthy persons were examined during rotation at a constant speed. In the first group (10 subjects), a narrow band noise (500 Hz, 70 dB SPL) from a fixed loudspeaker was applied during the 120 degrees/s rotation. In the second group (20 subjects), a mild tactile stimulus was applied to the subject's head. All individuals from both groups were convinced that it was not the chair they were sitting in, but the sound source and the tactile stimuli which were rotating. PMID- 3231461 TI - Persistent stapedial artery associated with otosclerosis. AB - A 43-year-old female had bilateral otosclerosis with a persistent stapedial artery in the left ear which measured approximately 0.4 mm in diameter, lying on the floor of the tympanic cavity, running between the crura of the stapes and entering the facial canal. Stapedectomy was performed following section of this vessel and controlling the hemorrhage. Satisfactory hearing gain was obtained in both ears after stapedectomy. PMID- 3231463 TI - Ultrastructural observations on primary atrophic rhinitis. Effect of partial closure of the nostril. AB - Partial surgical closure of the nostril was performed in 20 patients suffering from primary atrophic rhinitis, and the effect of the operation on the ultrastructure of the nasal mucosa was studied and analyzed. It was concluded that the operation has a beneficial effect on the nasal mucosa and reverses the basic pathologic alterations in its microanatomy. PMID- 3231464 TI - Sudden hearing loss in an adolescent following a single dose of cisplatin. AB - Progressive hearing loss after cisplatin therapy is relatively frequent, specially in older patients, but it is less common in children and in acute form. The case of a 17-year-old patient with an intracranial tumor who suffered sudden deafness after a single course of cisplatin is presented. This patient had a previously documented very good hearing up to 20 kHz. Although it has been suggested that children with irradiated brain tumors may have an increased susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hearing loss, in this case the patient had not been subjected to radiotherapy. PMID- 3231465 TI - [Formation of the hip joint after surgical intervention for congenital subluxation and dislocation of the hip]. PMID- 3231466 TI - [Residual subluxations after the surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 3231467 TI - [Intertrochanteric corrective osteotomy in treating deformities of the proximal end of the femur]. PMID- 3231468 TI - [Variants in the surgical treatment of severe forms of coxarthrosis]. PMID- 3231469 TI - [Biomechanical validation of a method for improving the strength of the femur head in avascular necrosis]. PMID- 3231470 TI - [Cementless endoprosthesis of the hip joint]. PMID- 3231471 TI - [Total endoprosthesis after surgical interventions on the hip joint]. PMID- 3231472 TI - [Principles and methods of the surgical preparation for prosthesis in patients with developmental anomalies of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3231474 TI - [The early surgical treatment of children with congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 3231473 TI - [Correction of the muscles of the external rotators of the hip in the surgical treatment of congenital dislocation in children]. PMID- 3231475 TI - [Combined local forms of physeal dysplasias in a child]. PMID- 3231476 TI - [The mediopatellar synovial fold syndrome and osteochondropathy of the femoral condyle]. PMID- 3231477 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the regeneration of intra-articular fractures in experimental osteosynthesis with polymer screws]. PMID- 3231478 TI - [A rare case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma]. PMID- 3231479 TI - [Malignant osteoblastoma (a case of a tumor of the bones of the foot in a child)]. PMID- 3231480 TI - [A splint for the treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 3231481 TI - [A method for determining femur neck anteversion]. PMID- 3231482 TI - [A method for the fixation of the posterior portion of the foot in treating congenital clubfoot]. PMID- 3231484 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital pes planovalgus]. PMID- 3231483 TI - [Congenital coxa vara]. PMID- 3231485 TI - [A method for lengthening a very short stump of the leg and its prosthesis]. PMID- 3231486 TI - [Organizational bases for the early detection and treatment of congenital hip dislocation in children]. PMID- 3231487 TI - [Progressive and nonprogressive trends in treating fractures]. PMID- 3231488 TI - Future need for geriatricians verified. PMID- 3231489 TI - How to maximize self-pay patient collections. Health Care Group. PMID- 3231490 TI - Neonatal tetanus in the Department of Child Health Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan in 1983-1984. PMID- 3231491 TI - Laryngeal tuberculosis in a child (a case report). PMID- 3231492 TI - Oral rehydration therapy in young infants less than 3 months with acute diarrhoea and moderate dehydration. PMID- 3231493 TI - Nasogastric drip rehydration therapy in acute diarrhea with severe dehydration. PMID- 3231494 TI - Neuronal manifestation of two-way connections in conditioning. AB - Neuronal characteristics of two-way conditional connections were studied in chronic experiments with alert cats during different types of alimentary conditional reflexes. Single unit and multi-unit activities were chronically recorded in the visual and motor cortex and the lateral hypothalamic nucleus. Cross-correlational analysis of neuronal impulse trains was used to characterize the organization of neuron groups in brain structures involved in the formation of a conditional reflex. The experimental data showed an increase in the number of neuronal two-way connections after learning in all three investigated coordinations: visual-motor, visual-hypothalamic, and motor-hypothalamic. With visual-motor interneuronal coordination, the strengthening of two-way connections was due to the enhancement of connections from the motor to the visual neuron (backward connections); with visual- and motor-hypothalamic coordination, the number of interneuronal connections was equal in both directions. In all investigated coordinations, the analysis of the temporal parameters of the interactions between the neurons of different groups showed a dependence of the conditioning procedure on delays of up to 30 ms and a dependence of the motivational state on the interval range of 90-100 ms. The polyfunctional and polycomponent character of two-way neuronal connections in conditioning can be inferred from these data. Evaluation of the activity of neurons of different brain structures suggests the specific organization of intracortical and cortical subcortical integrity in learning. PMID- 3231495 TI - Pavlovian conditional stimuli cannot always be defined solely in physical terms. AB - Twenty-four university students received differential Pavlovian conditioning with two colored stimuli separately accompanied by shock, and two other colored stimuli separately presented without shock. The reinforced and nonreinforced pairs of stimuli both contained complementary elements. After differentiation between the reinforced and nonreinforced elements was established, the complementary pairs were each additively mixed, (i.e., presented at the same time and in the same locus), producing two identical white compounds (established by pilot study). The subjects' skin-conductance responses to the two compounds showed that their different conditioning histories did not result in different responses. Rather, a simple declining function was obtained, resembling habituation or extinction. It was concluded that the definition of the conditional stimulus as a physical event is inappropriate in studies in which physically different stimuli may result in identical internal processes (or phenomenologic experiences)--for example, in additive color mixture. PMID- 3231496 TI - Reaction time task as unconditional stimulus. On conditioning skin conductance responses and heart rate, using a nonaversive unconditional stimulus. AB - The present study was conducted to demonstrate classic conditioning in electrodermal (ED) and heart rate (HR) responses by using a nonaversive reaction time (RT) task as unconditional stimulus (US). Three groups of 12 subjects each were studied to test the efficacy of this US procedure by varying the essential components of the RT task-US between groups. Eight seconds differential delay conditioning was applied in each group. Simple geometric features (square, cross) displayed on a TV screen were used as CS+ and CS-. RT task consisted of a nonaversive tone (72 dBA, 1000 or 1200 Hz) and a motor response (pressing a button with the left index finger). Subjects were asked to respond as soon as the tone stimulus was presented. The three groups received different stimulus sequences during the 16-trial acquisition phase only. In one group (Group C1), CS+ was followed by a tone to which subjects were to respond, whereas CS- was not followed by a tone. Similarly, in a second group (Group H), CS+ was followed by a tone, whereas CS- was not; however, subjects of Group H (habituation group) were not required to respond to the tone. In a third group, (Group C2) CS+ was followed by a tone to which subjects were to respond, while CS- was followed by a different tone requiring no response. According to analysis of Group C1 data, differential conditioning was obtained in each response measure. Group H displayed habituation in each response measure obtained. In Group C2, differential conditioning was obtained in the second latency window of ED responses only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3231497 TI - Rehabilitation of infants and children with neuromuscular disorders. PMID- 3231498 TI - Acute diarrhea in Baltimore children attending an outpatient clinic. AB - Acute diarrheal illnesses in Baltimore children younger than 2 years of age attending an outpatient clinic were studied during a 12-month period. One in five acute care visits made to the clinic by children younger than 2 years was for diarrhea, and 5% of diarrhea cases required hospitalization. With the use of comprehensive methodology, a potential etiologic agent was identified in the stool of 105 (43%) of the 246 episodes of diarrhea in cases and in 43 (28%) of the 155 controls. Viral pathogens were found in 26% of episodes, and bacterial pathogens were found in 14%. Only rotavirus, enteric adenovirus and Salmonella were significantly associated with diarrhea. Cases were more likely to have measures of socioeconomic deprivation, such as household crowding, low maternal educational level and low birth weight, when compared to controls. Racial differences in morbidity from diarrheal illnesses were observed but could be attributed to these specific sociodemographic factors. Despite the low mortality caused by infantile gastroenteritis in the United States, it remains an important public health problem. However, even with intensive investigation the etiologies remain largely unknown. PMID- 3231499 TI - Evaluation of the throat culture as a follow-up for an initially negative enzyme immunosorbent assay rapid streptococcal antigen detection test. AB - In a study of the efficacy of following up an initially negative enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) rapid streptococcal antigen detection test with a throat culture, 2 double swabs (4 total) were obtained from 264 pediatric patients with sore throats. Although a throat culture was more specific (97%) than the EIA (89%), the sensitivity (87%) and negative predictive value (97%) of a single EIA was the same as that of a single throat culture. A follow-up throat culture was more accurate than a follow-up EIA. We conclude that the office EIA tested results in more false positives but misses no more true positives than a single throat culture processed by a well-controlled microbiology laboratory. If a follow-up technique is used for an initially negative EIA rapid streptococcal antigen detection test, the throat culture is the superior test and would be equally applicable following an initially negative throat culture or EIA. PMID- 3231500 TI - Staphylococcal enterocolitis revisited: cytotoxic properties of Staphylococcus aureus from a neonate with enterocolitis. PMID- 3231501 TI - Mycoplasma hominis meningitis in a premature infant. PMID- 3231502 TI - Asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis in a New York City day care center. PMID- 3231503 TI - Comparative study of four methods for detecting giardiasis in children. PMID- 3231504 TI - Varicella-zoster virus infection in chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 3231505 TI - Neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by Edwardsiella tarda. PMID- 3231506 TI - Chronic Mycoplasma hominis infection complicating severe intraventricular hemorrhage, in a premature neonate. PMID- 3231507 TI - Ceftriaxone and biliary pseudolithiasis. PMID- 3231508 TI - Corticosteroids for infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 3231509 TI - Reversal of anergic state in human immunodeficiency virus infected thalassemic children treated with fusidic acid. PMID- 3231510 TI - Single dose antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections in children. PMID- 3231511 TI - [The current practice of prevention of rachitis in France. A survey of 600 physicians]. AB - French legislation prohibiting vitamin D food supplementation, rachitism prophylaxis is based on specific infantile calciferol administration, according to an old ministerial recommendation published in 1963. Out of 1000 questioned physicians, 600 completed the present inquiry. Ninety-nine per cent of them indicated that they systematically prescribe vitamin D for infants, but 18% do not propose it to breast-fed babies; 36% begin prophylactic administration only after 2 weeks and 5% after one month of age; 16% stop prevention between 12 and 18 months, 72% between 2 and 6 years and 12% after 8 years. Expressed on a daily basis, vitamin D dosage is usually rather high, generally slightly higher than the officially recommended intake (1100 to 1400 versus 1000 IU/24 h) and can reach excessive levels, especially in coloured people for which the already large proposed dose (2500 IU/24 h) is exceeded by 13% of inquired physicians. Daily rhythm of supplementation is the most frequent (94% of physicians) before 2 years, semestral or annual afterwards. The mode of administration, diluted in milk (40%), water (27%) or fruit juice (14%) depends on the physicians. In free commentaries, none of them speaks about maternal supplementation during pregnancy. Very few propose special dosage for premature babies. These defects in rachitism prophylaxis are partly due to the obsolescence of official recommendations which postpone the beginning of vitamin D prevention until the age of 6 weeks, do not mention maternal supplementation during pregnancy and do not specify the necessity for vitamin D intake in breast fed infants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3231512 TI - Clinical survey on adverse reaction of contrast media (final report). PMID- 3231513 TI - [Clinical results of RF capacitive hyperthermia combined with radiation for abdominal and pelvic deep-seated tumors: analysis of prognostic factors in thermoradiotherapy]. PMID- 3231514 TI - [Radiosensitization effect of new hypoxic cell radiosensitizer RK-27 on normal tissue and Ehrlich tumor of experimental animals]. PMID- 3231515 TI - [Japanese Reference Man 1988-III. Masses of organs and tissues and other physical properties]. PMID- 3231516 TI - Restorative effect of MDP-Lys (L18) on leukopenia of cancer patient treated with radiotherapy. PMID- 3231517 TI - [Preoperative high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation for rectal cancer: preliminary study]. PMID- 3231518 TI - Paths to knowledge: innovative research methods for nursing. PMID- 3231520 TI - Ethical inquiry. PMID- 3231521 TI - Philosophical analysis. PMID- 3231519 TI - Esthetic inquiry. PMID- 3231523 TI - Metaphysical analysis. PMID- 3231522 TI - Ethnography. PMID- 3231524 TI - Hermeneutics. PMID- 3231525 TI - Grounded theory. PMID- 3231526 TI - The historical method in nursing. PMID- 3231527 TI - Futures research. PMID- 3231528 TI - Meta-analysis. PMID- 3231529 TI - Phenomenology. PMID- 3231530 TI - A year to remember. PMID- 3231531 TI - What next? PMID- 3231532 TI - The battle that's beyond our Ken. PMID- 3231533 TI - Recruit and retain. Nursing still needs you. PMID- 3231535 TI - The personal touch. PMID- 3231534 TI - Recruit and retain. Where have all the women gone? PMID- 3231536 TI - The person inside the patient. PMID- 3231537 TI - Spiritual healing. PMID- 3231538 TI - Primary nursing. All you need is thought. PMID- 3231540 TI - Cancer nursing in India. PMID- 3231539 TI - Blood phobia. PMID- 3231541 TI - Wound care. Facial prosthesis. PMID- 3231542 TI - Wound care. Ulcers: treating the cause. PMID- 3231543 TI - The halo effect. PMID- 3231544 TI - [Normotest in the early neonatal period]. AB - The aim of this study is the behavior of Normotest (NT) values in newborns in the first 4 days of life. The study has been carried out between January, 1982, and December, 1984, at the Department of Child Health and Neonatal Medicine - School of Medicine - University of Genoa. The number of infants tested was 1320. 694 were males and 626 females, 529 preterm (G.A. less than 37 weeks) and 791 full term babies. Infants have been tested from one to five times in the first four days of life, with the first evaluation within 12 hours of life. 1215 newborns (92%) presented NT values greater than 20%, 105 babies (8%) had NT below 20% in at least one evaluation, and received Vitamin K1 (0.5 mg/kg i.m.) as prophylaxis, being thereafter excluded from this study. Among the neonate with NT greater than 20%, 426 babies have been considered, who had, at least, three evaluations in the first four days of life. 288 (68%) of the 426 newborns, had not important disease, while 138 (32%) were sick neonates; of these babies 88 (64%) had respiratory distress syndrome and 50 (36%) had an infectious condition. The mean of NT values of the 426 newborns decreased from the first (33.84%) to the 2nd day (32.72%), with a following increment in 3rd (35.29%) and 4th day of life (39.01%). Newborns with gestational age (G.A.) less than 34 weeks showed significantly lower values than newborns with G.A. between 34-37 weeks and those with G.A. greater than 37 weeks. No newborn with NT values greater than 20% either received vitamin K or showed symptoms of haemorrhagic disease in early or later neonatal period. PMID- 3231546 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in childhood. An underestimated problem?]. AB - The study of infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis in children has advanced remarkably during the past ten years. It has been established that Chlamydia trachomatis is a major etiologic agent of conjunctivitis in newborns and genital infections among sexually active persons. Chlamydial pneumonia has come to be recognized as one of the most common forms of pneumonia during the first three months of life. The Authors reported a case of a child admitted to Bambino Gesu Hospital of Rome, affected by Chlamydia trachomatis afebrile pneumonia. The diagnosis was made on the basis of direct and indirect laboratory findings. The remarkable improvement in direct and indirect diagnostic techniques can help the clinicians in diagnostic and therapeutic evaluations. PMID- 3231545 TI - [Limitations and applicability of predicted values of the main spirometric parameters in a childhood population]. AB - Different ethnic origins have considerable influence on the various biologic parameters. In respiratory physiopathology variations become even more pronounced especially when we consider the growth, the used methodology and the cooperation of the child. In order to obtain predicted values of the main spirometric parameters in the sicilian pediatric population, we studies 196 boys, whose ages ranged from 10 to 13 years. The short age range and the high number of boys examined, has allow us a more accurate statistical evaluation. The Fenyves and Gut pneumotacograph (Basel) has been used to determine the flow-volume curves. All of the obtained data have undergone statistical analysis with the multiple correlation method. With this method we derived our predicted values, which were significantly different from the results of other Authors. It than becomes necessary that every respiratory physiopathological center derives its own predicted values, due to the variability linked to the kind of spirometer, the way the test is used and the ethnic group studied. PMID- 3231547 TI - ["Qualitative test of fecal fat" and "steatocrit", simple complementary methods for the evaluation of steatorrhea in childhood]. AB - The evaluation of fecal fat elimination (steatorrhoea) is of primary importance for diagnosis of gastroenterological disorders. In childhood it is quite difficult to apply the ordinary methods of evaluation, on the other hand it is necessary to make use of them to screen and diagnose maldigestion and/or malabsorption syndromes. In this work "Steatocrit" method by Phuapradit and "Fecal fat qualitative test" (FFQT) on glass, by Jacobson, have been used in a parallel study on stool samples from subjects with suspected gastrointestinal disease. While Steatocrit was determined on 200 samples, FFQT was determined on 1574 samples. Our data show that steatocrit is fully able to detect quantitative steatorrhoea with high significance when compared to controls. Likewise FFQT shows a sensibility of 100% compared to controls and it is able to predict coeliac disease and cystic fibrosis in 85.5% of cases and in 89.9% of cases respectively. We conclude that these two tests are sure and auxiliary each other. They allow, when performed on the same sample, to go toward diagnosis of both malabsorption and maldigestion, furthermore they allow to monitor steatorrhoea under therapy. PMID- 3231548 TI - [Antigliadin antibodies (AGA) in the various stages of celiac disease in children]. AB - Antigliadin antibodies (AGA), both IgA and IgG, were studied in the serum of 84 coeliac children during the various stage (Diagnosis, GFD, Challenge) and in 29 healthy children, with a micro-ELISA technique. The results demonstrated the presence of AGA in the serum of coeliac children and a different behaviour between the two Ig-classes in the various stages of the disease. During acute phase both classes were present at high titre. When gluten was withdrawal from the diet, while the titre of IgA fell rapidly since the first month, the IgG titre decreased slowly and raised the normal limits after six months. If the children didn't observe a corrected GFD, the serum AGA titres remained at high levels. During challenge, while IgG raised since the early days, IgA titres raised later, when the intestinal damage became important. The explanation of this different behaviour could be that AGA-IgA are derived from gut mucosa, on the contrary AGA-IgG are not synthesised in the intestine. We believe that serum AGA seem to be good markers of the immune reaction in the intestine triggered by gluten. Furthermore we conclude that the assay of AGA in the serum of coeliac patients is: 1) high sensible and specific method; 2) the most important screening test for intestinal biopsy; 3) the most important test for diagnosis and follow-up of CD; 4) the test which could substitute 1 or 2 intestinal biopsies of the ESPGAN protocol. PMID- 3231549 TI - [The problem of caustic poisoning in children]. AB - The exposure to caustic substances in childhood, being accidental in most cases, can cause doubts in the initial diagnostic therapeutic approach; the risk of missing lesions following caustic ingestion when symptoms are scarce or lacking is high. The paper provides an overview of the physiopathology and clinical presentation of caustic injuries and stress the possibility of burns of esophagus and/or stomach even without oropharyngeal symptoms and/or signs. The esophagogastroduodenoscopy has now an essential role in the evaluation of gastrointestinal tract injury, as a guide to the therapy and as a prognostic criterion. So it is possible to reduce the risk of poor outcomes by the appropriate treatment. Anyway the primary prevention against the exposition to caustic substances at home is fundamental and must be effected both through active and passive measures. PMID- 3231550 TI - [Severe adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children: a new modality of surgical treatment]. AB - The hyperplasia of the palatine tonsils, which can be often found in children suffering from the so-called "lymphatism", cannot be considered a pathological state; it simply indicates the attempt of the organism to restore a functional balance between the antigenic shock on one hand and the unitary inadequacy of the lymphatic cells to performs their tasks on the other hand. However, this hyperplasia is sometimes so serious to cause respiratory ailments and predispose several pathologies: in these cases, a surgical operation becomes necessary. Since the tonsillectomy deprives these children of the important defensive barrier represented by the palatine tonsils and the results given by the monotonsillectomy have proved to be not completely satisfactory, both for the phlogosis and for the vicarious hypertrophy of the remaining tonsil, the Authors propose a new surgical technique (never suggested before) in cases of mechanical oropharyngeal obstruction due to hyperplasia of the palatine tonsils. This surgical operation, called bilateral tonsillotomia, consists in removing the tonsillary tissue exceeding the ideal connection line between the borders of the tonsillary pillars. PMID- 3231551 TI - [Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle]. AB - A case of congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is presented. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is a rare entity that has poorly been documented in the pediatric literature. The etiology and pathogenesis still remain obscure. The clinical and radiological appearances are characteristic. Differential diagnosis lies between postpartum fracture, posttraumatic pseudarthrosis, cleidocranial dysostosis and neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3231552 TI - [Coffin-Lowry syndrome. Description of a clinical case]. AB - A case of Coffin-Lowry syndrome is reported. Severe mental retardation is associated with characteristic craniofacial anomalies, short stature and "soft hands". X-linked inheritance is supposed. PMID- 3231553 TI - Serum theophylline testing in a pediatric emergency setting: potential benefit of rapid assays. AB - This study assessed the potential clinical benefit of rapid theophylline assays in an urban pediatric emergency department by 1) examining current practices of monitoring and adjusting theophylline therapy in children with asthma and 2) determining the relationship between these practices and the adequacy of theophylline therapy and duration of emergency department visits. Of 213 consecutive wheezing children who reported taking theophylline, levels were not obtained on 114 (52%), even though theophylline dosages were adjusted for 43 (38%). Of the 99 patients who had theophylline levels drawn, 80 were successfully enrolled in the study. Most children who received intravenous theophylline therapy 1) were treated prior to availability of serum theophylline results (83%), which took an average of one hour and 48 minutes, and 2) received suboptimal doses (12% were excessive, and 57% were inadequate). The latter patients were more likely to require additional intravenous theophylline that prolonged their stay in the emergency department. If intravenous theophylline therapy was not administered, the wait for the theophylline level was longer than the visit itself. These findings indicate that rapid immunoassays for theophylline have the potential to improve management of children with acute asthma in an emergency department by improving the accuracy of dosing and decreasing the duration of stay. PMID- 3231555 TI - Pediatric emergency medicine fellowships: a survey. AB - A survey of 24 existing pediatric emergency medicine fellowship programs as of December 1987 was conducted in order to characterize the following attributes of training in pediatric emergency medicine: amount of clinical time, required and elective rotations, didactic and research experience, patient volume, and staffing. Time spent in the emergency department varies between three and 10 months annually, with a mean of 34.5 hours per week. Twenty-two (92%) of the programs have required rotations. All responding programs require research and some degree of didactic education. Patient volume varies between 20,000 and 70,000, with a median of 41,000. The data offered should act as a reference for the further development of new and existing programs. PMID- 3231554 TI - Bacteremia in febrile children with lobar pneumonia and leukocytosis. AB - A retrospective analysis of 86 consecutive cases of childhood pneumonia with clinical features indicative of bacterial etiology was performed to delineate the prevalence of and characteristics associated with accompanying bacteremia. All patients had temperature greater than or equal to 40 degrees C, a lobar pulmonary infiltrate on chest radiograph, and a peripheral white blood cell concentration greater than 20,000/mm3 or absolute band count greater than 2,000/mm3. Associated clinical findings included 44% with an "ill" appearance, 37% with respiratory rate greater than or equal to 60/minute, 20% with heart rate greater than or equal to 200/minute, 33% with otitis media. Only one of 86 patients had a bacterial pathogen isolated by blood culture (Haemophilus influenzae, type b). In children older than four months of age with pneumonia whose characteristics are indicative of bacterial etiology, associated clinical findings and laboratory data are insensitive markers for distinguishing those with concomitant bacteremia. The rate of bacteremia in this group of patients is low; if the clinical situation warrants, most with these features do not require empiric hospitalization with parenterally administered antibiotic therapy pending blood culture results. PMID- 3231556 TI - Glucagon in the acute management of ureteral colic. AB - Use of intravenous glucagon should be considered in all patients with urinary calculi who fail to respond to narcotic analgesia and hydration. The lack of adverse side effects and the potential to reduce the morbidity associated with surgical intervention make glucagon a valuable adjunct in medical management of ureteral colic. PMID- 3231557 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: a case report and review of the management. AB - A case of a complicated penetrating nasal injury is presented. The rapid diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, with appropriate bedside tests and imaging techniques, is essential for the prevention of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 3231558 TI - Limb disuse in a newborn. AB - Osteomyelitis in the neonate is an entity distinct from that in older children. We report a case that had a benign onset, insidious course, and multiple foci of involvement. The unique metaphyseal blood supply of early infancy permitted coexisting septic arthritis. Signs of limb disuse, limitation of motion, and swelling over distal bone or joint space should prompt the emergency physician to entertain the possibility of osteomyelitis. Early diagnosis and intervention on the part of the emergency physician may prevent or alleviate sequelae of this disease. PMID- 3231559 TI - Arthropod envenomations in children. PMID- 3231560 TI - Painful arm after fall. PMID- 3231561 TI - Medical/legal issues in prehospital pediatric emergency care. AB - In summary, paramedics face many hazards in delivering emergency care to children in the field. They must be aware of many legal issues in order to avoid litigation proceedings. They must know when to deliver care and when to withhold it, and they must, of course, know how to properly administer care to children. Better training and more pediatric equipment will certainly help reduce problems here. Finally, paramedics must carefully document their actions. PMID- 3231562 TI - Commentary: burned children need us! PMID- 3231563 TI - Pediatric emergency physicians. PMID- 3231565 TI - Ambient ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer incidence. AB - Environmental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was monitored for one year at Durham (latitude 55 degrees N) using a stationary, horizontal sensor, and a sensor rotating in a vertical plane designed to simulate the random motion of subjects outdoors. From these data it was possible to calculate the personal solar UVR representative of populations living at different geographical locations and experiencing varying patterns of cloud cover. The conclusion was that present monitoring programmes that record ambient solar UVR in a horizontal plane at different locations as input data to studies on the epidemiology of skin cancer are appropriate for obtaining a relative estimate of the population exposure in locations with different climatic conditions, providing, of course, that the outdoor exposure habits of different populations are comparable. PMID- 3231564 TI - Cyclobuta-dithymidine induction by solar-simulating UV radiation in human skin. I. Protection by constitutive pigmentation. AB - The induction and persistence of cyclobuta-dithymidine (T less than greater than T) photoproducts in human skin samples was measured following exposure to artificial solar radiation. DNA extracted from human epidermis, irradiated with the equivalent of 15 to 120 min of midday sunlight, was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Heavily pigmented skin required 2- to 4-fold higher doses than non-pigmented skin to produce similar amounts of T less than greater than T photoproducts. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of constitutive epidermal pigmentation in protecting epidermal cell DNA from solar UV-induced damage. PMID- 3231566 TI - Worksite smoking cessation programs: clinical and methodological issues. PMID- 3231567 TI - Atypical mitoses in dysplasias of the Barrett's mucosa. AB - The frequency of mitotic figures, the proportion of atypical mitoses, and the spatial position (vertical or horizontal) of metaphasal plates were studied in resected specimens from 18 patients having Barrett's mucosa with dysplasia, and/or invasive adenocarcinoma. The number of dividing glandular cells increased (by comparison with the non-dysplastic Barrett's mucosa) in areas with dysplasia and with invasive adenocarcinoma, the largest percentage was found in the latter. Atypical mitoses were often found in areas with glandular dysplasia and with invasive adenocarcinoma. The highest frequency was found in adenocarcinoma. While 90.8% of the metaphases in Barrett's mucosa without dysplasia had a vertical position, only 39.5% of the mitoses in areas with dysplasia had the same position. It is conceivable, that the number of mitoses, the number of atypical mitoses as well as the spatial position of mitosis should be registered in the Barrett's mucosa with dysplasia in attempts to learn more about the biological behaviour of these lesions. PMID- 3231568 TI - Heterogeneity of the response to inducers of differentiation and to cytostatics of tumor cell populations. AB - The purpose of the experiments was to establish whether individual cells of a tumor cell population, or clonal lines derived from its express the differentiated phenotype, or respond heterogeneously following treatment with inducers of differentiation or with cytostatic drugs. The human cell lines used in this study were: HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia, K562 erythroleukemia, BHM-97 and A2058 melanoma, and A-1, A-2, A-4 and A-6 clones of A2058 line. Inducers of differentiation were phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and retinoic acid (RA); cytostatics: adriamycin (ADM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), dacarbazine (DTIC), cis-platin (platidiam, PD) and arabinosyl cytosine (ara-C). Expression of the differentiated phenotype was shown by cell attachment (HL-60), hemoglobin production (K562), dendrit formation (A2058, BHM-97). Individual cells expressed the differentiated phenotype heterogeneously in all types of cell populations. Clone A-4 was the most, and clone A-6 the least sensitive to PMA. The drug sensitivity of the clones was different and drug-dependent. It is concluded that induction of differentiation as another approach to therapy of cancer, similar to anticancer drug therapy, also implies disadvantages due to population heterogeneity. Combinations of cytostatics with differentiation inducers might result in improved therapeutic effects. PMID- 3231569 TI - The reliability of histologically negative axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer. Preliminary report. AB - In an effort to evaluate the reliability of negative axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients, we did recuts in three levels in order to detect occult metastases. Our material consisted of 50 breast cancer cases with negative axilla. From each lymph node two routine sections were reviewed. Consequently, we examined six additional sections from the recuts. Out of the 50 cases, 7 (14%) had occult metastases in one or more section. Our results suggest that a negative axilla in the routine study can show in a considerable percentage occult metastases corresponding to the number of recuts. This means that a sufficient number of patients have only theoretically negative axillary lymph nodes and for that reason may show a low survival rate and a worse prognosis than the one expected. On the other hand, the need for axillary dissection or the appropriate postoperative treatment for carcinoma of the breast is supported. PMID- 3231571 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of stemline heterogeneity. AB - The stemline heterogeneity of malignant tumors is closely connected with tumor aneuploidy. Both features can be characterized by either chromosome analysis or DNA cytophotometry. DNA analysis may be performed either by single cell photometry or by flow cytometry, of which the respective advantages and drawbacks are presented. Preliminary results of flow cytometric DNA analysis in malignant neoplasms are discussed; the possibilities of multiparametric measurement for quantitative analysis of various biochemical and antigenic properties in DNA stemlines are considered. PMID- 3231570 TI - Periarteritis of coronary arteries with severe eosinophilic infiltration. A new pathologic entity (eosinophilic periarteritis)? AB - A 40 year-old male presented symptoms of angina pectoris for about nine years and expired with symptoms of unstable angina, changing pattern at the terminal stage. At autopsy, both right and left coronary arteries of the subepicardial region were grayish white and elastic hard. Histologically, inflammatory infiltration was localized in adventitia of coronary arteries located in the subepicardial region. Inflammatory cells infiltrated into the adventitia were mostly eosinophiles. The medial smooth muscle cells were well preserved and the intima showed irregular thickening with fibrosis. Vascular obstruction or recanalization could not be observed. As a result of these findings, it was considered that these inflammatory changes of the coronary arteries could be termed eosinophilic periarteritis. These inflammatory changes could not be found in the intramural coronary arteries. Rather extensive fibrosis could be seen in the muscle layer centering about the posterior wall of the left ventricle. No findings of angiitis could be detected in the blood vessels except subepicardial coronary arteries. PMID- 3231572 TI - Primary mesenteritis, mesenteric fibrosis and mesenteric fibromatosis. Report of four cases, pathology, and classification. AB - Primary mesenteritis is a rare disease. Two cases and two additional patients with mesenteric fibrosis/fibromatosis are reported. A classification of primary and secondary mesenteritis is suggested in order to replace the confusing variety of terms used for the same disease process. Differential diagnosis of mesenteric fibrosis versus mesenteric fibromatosis may be difficult, and some criteria for the separation of these two entities are discussed. Among the clinical symptoms, transmission of aortic pulsations to the anterior abdominal wall is a rare but important aid for diagnosis. Associated diseases are malignant lymphoma, colonic adenomatosis (Gardner's syndrome) and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Microscopically, mesenteric lipomatosis and Whipple's disease must be ruled out. Usually, surgical treatment is not necessary. Prednisone and azathioprine may be helpful in severe cases. Fatal outcome of primary mesenteritis is extremely rare. PMID- 3231575 TI - Evaluation and treatment of chemonucleolysis failures. AB - Fifty patients underwent chemonucleolysis for the treatment of lumbar disk herniations unresponsive to conservative therapy. In patients treated with chymopapain, unrelieved sciatica was the most common cause of clinical treatment failure. Eight patients (16%) experienced no relief or only a transient reduction in their radicular symptoms following chymopapain injection. All eight patients were clinically reevaluated and underwent repeat neuroradiographic studies. Computed axial tomography and lumbar myelography demonstrated persistent nerve root compromise at the level of the injected disk space. Open diskectomy was performed in all eight cases. Postoperatively, seven patients noted complete resolution of their radicular symptoms; one patient had intermittent low back and leg pain following surgery. PMID- 3231574 TI - Intramedullary osteosclerosis. A report of the clinicopathologic features of five cases. AB - The clinicopathologic features of five patients with intramedullary osteosclerosis are presented. The patients, ranging in age from 8 to 52 years (mean 31 years), all presented with pain referred to the lower extremity. The sclerotic lesions involved the entire lower extremity in 1 patient, mid-tibial shaft in 2, distal tibia in 1, and distal fibula in 1 patient. The histopathologic features of intramedullary osteosclerosis overlap with those of melorheostosis. The differential diagnosis also includes a spectrum of entities, each characterized by osteosclerosis and each of which is compared and contrasted to the cases presented. PMID- 3231573 TI - Use of the Herbert bone screw for scaphoid nonunions. AB - The Herbert bone screw was used to treat 22 selected patients with established scaphoid nonunions. The indications for its use included evidence of avascular necrosis, proximal third fracture fragment, previous bone graft, fracture angulation or displacement, and a bipartite scaphoid. Treatment resulted in radiographic and clinical evidence of healing in 16 patients; 4 patients were symptom-free, but had incomplete healing as evidenced by radiograph; and 2 patients had persistent symptoms with radiographic evidence of nonunion. PMID- 3231576 TI - Stabilization of atlantoaxial instability. AB - Eight patients with atlantoaxial instability were treated by arthrodesis of the first and second cervical spine. Internal fixation was achieved by passing two 18 gauge stainless steel wires beneath the posterior arch of the atlas and around a threaded Steinmann pin which was drilled through the base of the spinous process of the axis. The wires were tightened over a preshaped iliac bone graft. A solid fusion was achieved in all patients. The risk of compression of the cord is decreased with this technique because the wires are not passed under the lamina of the axis. The lateral placement of the wires provides an excellent internal fixation and control of the forward flexion and rotation. PMID- 3231577 TI - Intramedullary stabilization of neoplastic destructive disease involving the subtrochanteric region of the femur. AB - Neoplastic destructive disease involving the subtrochanteric region of the femur is a difficult condition to treat. This is a retrospective study of 11 femurs in 10 patients with subtrochanteric destructive lesions or pathologic fractures that were stabilized with the Zickel intramedullary device. The study investigated underlying disease process, ambulatory status, operative parameters, time to death, and associated metastasis. The average survival time of the patients who died was 4.7 months. All of the patients involved in this study could be mobilized, but only 3 out of 10 were ambulatory. This study concludes that the intramedullary fixation of pathologic fractures or lesions of the subtrochanteric region does not necessarily allow ambulation, but does allow mobilization of debilitated patients. PMID- 3231578 TI - Intraosseous ganglion cysts. AB - An illustrative case report of intraosseous ganglion cyst is presented. Intraosseous ganglion cysts are uncommon, juxta-articular, and benign. They are thought to arise from an intramedullary metaplastic event. Intraosseous ganglia are most common in middle-aged patients. They usually involve the tibia but also are located in other skeletal sites. The lesion is typically epiphyseal and appears benign. It is successfully treated with curettage and bone graft if it is symptomatic or progressively increasing in size. It is important to avoid extensive surgical procedures. Recurrence is unlikely. PMID- 3231579 TI - A new distal aiming device for locking nail fixation. PMID- 3231581 TI - Mothers' lives matter: maternal health in the community. PMID- 3231580 TI - Brucella osteomyelitis. PMID- 3231582 TI - Congenital hypertrophy of the lateral nail folds of the hallux. AB - An infant developed overgrowths of the lateral nail folds of both halluces shortly after birth. These spontaneously resolved during the first year of life. PMID- 3231584 TI - Trichothiodystrophy without retardation: one patient exhibiting transient combined immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Two patients had trichothiodystrophy but did not exhibit the commonly associated findings such as mental retardation, increased sensitivity to sunlight, ichthyosis, decreased fertility in males, and short stature. One of the patients had a transient combined immunodeficiency syndrome in early childhood lasting four years, but has remained in good health untreated for four years. The association of these two rare findings in this patient should alert us to the possibility that others with trichothiodystrophy may exhibit immunodeficiency. PMID- 3231583 TI - Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma arising in the nasal cavity of a 3-year-old child. AB - A 3-year-old girl had a large exophytic mass protruding from the nares, of seven months' duration. Routine microscopic studies demonstrated a tumor composed of solid sheets of small cells, with scattered foci lining alveola-like spaces. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of desmin and myoglobin, and the absence of prekeratin, neuron-specific enolase, and leukocyte common antigen. These observations are consistent with the diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 3231588 TI - The surviving child in the SIDS family. AB - Children grieve, often very deeply. The unexpected loss of an infant elicits grieving from all family members and alters forever the family structure. What is the long-term impact of the death of a child in the family on the surviving sibling? What happens to children surviving this family catastrophe when they themselves become parents? In this report we present two accounts by children in the home when their siblings died. It reminds us that the effects of a sudden and unexpected loss of a child in the family can be long-lasting and return to us in childrearing practices of the next generation. PMID- 3231586 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 3231585 TI - A very aggressive form of facial hemangioma. AB - A 3-month-old girl had a massive, particularly aggressive mixed hemangioma involving the right hemiface, with severe ulcerations of the ear lobe and nasal septum. She also showed cerebral anomalies consisting of cerebellar vermis agenesis and cerebellar right atrophy. Despite treatment with corticosteroids, the child died at age 4 months. PMID- 3231587 TI - Infantile apnea and home monitoring. AB - Electronic cardiorespiratory monitors are appropriately used in the home for infants who are at high risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). A recent Consensus Panel, convened by several US federal agencies recommended that home monitors should not be used for infants at normal SIDS risk (less than 2/1,000 live births) or for asymptomatic premature infants. Those infants where home monitoring, despite its limitations and complications, is definitely indicated because of their very high risk, include survivors of severe apparent life threatening events (occurring during sleep and 'requiring' CPR), siblings of two or more SIDS, and premature infants, still mildly or moderately symptomatic with apnea of prematurity who are otherwise ready for hospital discharge. PMID- 3231589 TI - Quality control in clinical flow cytometry. AB - Flow cytometry is a multifaced technology which requires attention to the details of sample preparation as well as instrumentation. QC procedures are essential for minimizing technical artifacts which may lead to erroneous results. In clinical laboratories it is particularly important to establish QC procedures that are readily performed with relatively few control reagents. The ultimate goal of these QC procedures is to permit the acquisition of precise and accurate results which will be of importance in clinical diagnoses and patient care. The current technology of commercially available flow cytometry instruments and fluorescent immunologic reagents has indicated that consistent results can be attained with a variety of instruments, reagents, and different flow cytometry operators [10, 20]. Ideally, the formulation of guidelines for quality assurance laboratory practices in flow cytometry will provide a means for all clinical laboratories to obtain accurate and precise results. PMID- 3231591 TI - In vitro availability of iron and zinc in white and coloured ragi (Eleusine coracana): role of tannin and phytate. AB - White and brown ragi (Eleusine coracana) varieties were analysed for tannin, phytate phosphorus, total phosphorus, iron, ionisable iron, zinc and soluble zinc content. White ragi had no detectable tannin while in brown varieties it ranged from 351 to 2392 mg per 100 g. Germination brought about a progressive decrease in tannin and phytate phosphorus and an increase in ionisable iron and soluble zinc content of grain ragi. Both in raw and germinated grain, ionizable iron was significantly higher in white than in brown varieties. While ionisable iron was inversely correlated with the level of tannin and phytate phosphorus, soluble zinc was negatively correlated with phytate phosphorus. After extraction of tannin, ionisable iron of brown ragi rose by 85%. On the other hand, in white varieties, addition of tannin extracted from brown ragi, resulted in a 52-65% decrease in ionisable iron content. These studies indicated that poor iron availability in ragi as judged by its low ionisable iron content was due to the presence of tannin in the grain. PMID- 3231590 TI - Enumeration of reticulocytes using fluorescence-activated flow cytometry. PMID- 3231592 TI - Preliminary studies on combiners and combinations for quality traits in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). AB - Line x Tester analysis of 2 testers and 10 lines was conducted for fruit quality characters. Though both general (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) variances contributed significantly for these traits, the contribution of sca variance was more prominent for titratable acidity, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content, while for pericarp thickness gca variance was more important. The highest gca effects for pericarp thickness, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content and titratable acidity were recorded by the lines SM, Sioux, TT and SW 72, respectively. Based on pooled gca score, SW 72 was recognised as a good combiner for quality traits. The magnitude and significance of sca effects varied with the characters. Two superior crosses were identified and the implication of combining ability effects on handling these crosses are discussed. PMID- 3231593 TI - Relationship between content and intake of bean polyphenolics and protein digestibility in humans. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bean polyphenolics on bean protein digestibility in humans. Steam pressure cooking decreased tannic acid in beans by: 38.2 (white), 23.9 (red), 38.5 (white:black mixture, 50:50), 20.5 (Ipala black) and 44.4% (Jalpatagua black). The reduction in catechin was: 57.5, 97.6, 83.0, 78.7 and 88.4%, respectively. The content of tannic acid in dried cooked beans was: 284.9 in white, 834.5 in red, 620.2 in the white:black mixture, 1,021 in Ipala black and 1,009 mg/100 g in the Jalpatagua black bean. These percentages correlate significantly with fecal nitrogen (r = 0.29, p less than 0.05). Catechin of the dried cooked beans was 7.5 in white, 27.4 in red, 25.4 in the white:black mixture (50:50), and 60.1 and 55.5 mg/100 g in each of the black cultivars, and correlated significantly with fecal nitrogen (r = 0.34, p less than 0.01), absorbed nitrogen (r = -0.37, p less than 0.01) and protein digestibility (r = -0.35, p less than 0.01). It was concluded that one of the factors that reduces bean protein digestibility is the polyphenlic compound. PMID- 3231594 TI - Contents and digestibility of carbohydrates of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by domestic processing and cooking. AB - Effects of common processing and cooking methods on sugar and starch contents and starch digestibility (in vitro) of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) were investigated. Soaking reduced the level of total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and starch and improved starch digestibility, significantly. Cooking (both ordinary and pressure cooking) increased the concentrations of the sugars and digestibility of starch of soaked as well a unsoaked seeds. Starch contents, however, were decreased. Germination decreased starch thereby raising the level of the soluble sugars. Starch digestibility was increased appreciably. PMID- 3231595 TI - Protein content and amino acid profile of some wild leguminous seeds. AB - Seeds of 28 wild growing legumes of India were analysed for their protein content and amino acid compositions. A wide variation was observed in protein contents (18.3 to 50.9%). The amino acid composition and protein content of some of these seeds were in close proximity to that of soybean; however, some legumes registered a higher level of certain amino acids and protein as compared to the latter. PMID- 3231596 TI - Proximate composition and antinutritional factors in rice bean (Vigna umbellata). AB - Thirteen promising strains of Rice bean (Vigna umbellata) were analysed for their proximate compositions and antinutritional factors. Protein content in these varieties ranged from 17.50 to 23.10 per cent, ash from 3.06 to 4.48 per cent, ether extract from 2.4 to 3.9 per cent and crude fibre from 1.70 to 4.25 per cent. Trypsin inhibitor activity ranged from 112.63 to 163.98 units/g and polyphenols ranged from 0.58 to 1.19 per cent. Phytohemagglutinating activity was present in all the strains, except one, RB-32. Oligosaccharides, viz., raffinose, stachyose and verbascose, ranged from 0.32 to 0.91, 0.95 to 1.98 and 1.40 to 2.58 per cent, respectively. Attempts have been made to compare the results with a standard variety each of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), moong (Vigna radiata) and mash (Vigna mungo). PMID- 3231597 TI - Developmental changes in composition and quality of prickly pear cactus cladodes (nopalitos). AB - The composition and quality of edible tender stems or cladodes of 3 Prickly Pear Cactus species (Opuntia amyclaea, O. ficus-indica, and O. inermis) were studied at different stages of development. This traditional Mexican vegetable is called "nopalitos" in Spanish and "cactus leaves" in English. Cladodes harvested when 20 cm in length have the following average composition per 100 g: 91.7 g of water, 1.1 g of protein, 0.2 g of lipid, 1.3 g of ash, 1.1 g of crude fiber, 4.6 g of complex carbohydrates and 0.82 g of simple sugars, 12.7 mg of ascorbic acid and 28.9 micrograms of carotenes. The cladode's juice has an average pH of 4.6, 0.45% titratable acidity and 6.9% soluble solids. The components which varied most during development of the cladodes were: carotenes, acidity and total carbohydrates which increased, and protein and crude fiber (acid-detergent) which decreased. The nutritive value of the tender cladodes in the stages of growth at which they are commonly harvested and consumed (15 to 25 cm long weighing 50 to 80 g per stem), was similar for the 3 species. PMID- 3231598 TI - Large scale co-isolation of vimentin and nuclear lamins from ehrlich ascites tumor cells cultured in vitro. AB - Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells propagated in mass suspension culture were used as a starting material for the simultaneous isolation and purification of large quantities of the intermediate filament protein vimentin and the nuclear lamins A/C and B. Triton cytoskeletons, obtained by repeated washing of cells with a low ionic strength buffer containing Triton X-100 and 4 mM Mg2+, were extracted with 6 M urea at low salt concentration and in the presence of EDTA. Separation of solubilized proteins from unfolded chromatin (DNA) was accomplished by recondensation of the chromatin (DNA) in the presence of Mg2+ before centrifugation. To achieve separation of vimentin from nuclear lamins, the urea extract was subjected to DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. Single-stranded DNA cellulose chromatography was employed for the final purification of vimentin and for the separation of lamin B from lamins A/C. Further purification of lamin B was carried out by CM-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography and of lamins A/C by chromatography on hydroxylapatite. All chromatographies were performed in the presence of 6 M urea. 500 g of pelleted EAT cells yielded approximately 700 mg of vimentin, 225 mg of lamins A/C and 21 mg of lamin B. 2D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed great microheterogeneity of lamins A/C, which to a high extent was due to phosphorylation, whereas lamin B was much less heterogeneous. In the absence of urea and at low salt concentration, lamins A/C required pH 5 to stay in solution whereas lamin B required pH 7.5. Increasing the salt concentration to 150 or 250 mM NaCl resulted in the formation of paracrystals from a urea-free mixture of lamins A/C and B. Although the lamins could not be assembled into intermediate filaments under a variety of ionic conditions, the preparations obtained will be useful for further biochemical characterization of these nuclear proteins. PMID- 3231600 TI - Extracellular PH 2.5 optimum acid phosphatase from Aspergillus ficuum: immobilization on modified fractogel. AB - Aspergillus ficuum pH 2.5 optimum acid phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoesters phosphohydrolase, E.C.3.1.3.2) was covalently immobolized on 2-fluoro-1 methylpyridinium toluene-4-sulfonate (FMP)-activated Fractogel TSK HW-50F. The catalytic parameters and stability of the immobilized enzyme were compared with those of the free enzyme. While the Km and the temperature optima were unchanged, the Ki for orthophosphate was changed from 185 microM to 422 microM and greater stability was observed against heat treatment. PMID- 3231599 TI - Separation of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from influenza virus membrane by column displacement electrophoresis (isotachophoresis) with preservation of their activities. AB - Triton X-100-solubilized membrane glycoproteins (neuraminidase and hemagglutinin) from purified equine influenza virus particles were separated by column displacement electrophoresis (isotachophoresis) in the presence of Pharmalyte spacers. Electrophoresis was performed in a 1.80 cm glass electrophoresis column with Sephadex G-25 Fine serving as supporting medium. Triton X-100 was present in the system to suppress protein aggregation. Neuraminidase and hemagglutinin activities were preserved and appeared in the electropherogram as separate peaks with some overlapping. PMID- 3231601 TI - [Significance of the methods of detecting pulmonary tuberculosis in its diagnosis and treatment in people aged 60 and over living in rural districts]. PMID- 3231602 TI - [Thanatologic analysis of long-term outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3231603 TI - [X-ray and anatomo-microbronchographic comparisons in tuberculomas of the lung]. PMID- 3231604 TI - [Changes in the antiproteolytic activity of the blood in tuberculosis]. PMID- 3231605 TI - [Immunoallergic criteria in the prognosis of suppurative postoperative complications in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3231606 TI - [Determination of pressure in the pulmonary artery in patients with diseases of the lungs using the method of pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. PMID- 3231607 TI - [Lymphocytapheresis in the treatment of patients with a hormone-dependent form of infectious allergic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3231608 TI - [The hepatotoxic action of pyrazinamide and its effect on lipid peroxidation]. PMID- 3231609 TI - [Improvement in the ambulatory care of patients with tuberculosis and subjects with a high risk of contracting tuberculosis using a computer]. PMID- 3231610 TI - [Organization and efficacy of treating newly detected cases of destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3231611 TI - [Unclassifiable pulmonary granulomatoses]. PMID- 3231612 TI - [A coelomic cyst of the pericardium simulating a tuberculoma of the lung]. PMID- 3231613 TI - [Use of dipromonium in the comprehensive treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3231614 TI - [Retrospective analysis of fluorograms of patients with newly detected tuberculosis and cancer of the lungs]. PMID- 3231615 TI - [Open biopsy of the lungs in bilateral disseminated lesions]. PMID- 3231616 TI - [Non-tuberculous diseases of the lungs in adolescents referred to tuberculosis hospitals]. PMID- 3231617 TI - [Differential diagnosis of middle lobe diseases]. PMID- 3231618 TI - [Effect of various broncholytics on bronchial patency and central hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and other lung diseases]. PMID- 3231620 TI - [Interrelation of the development of bronchial obstruction syndrome and accumulation of biologically active substances in the bronchoalveolar content of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3231619 TI - [Incidence of tuberculosis among children immunized with differentiated doses of BCG vaccine]. PMID- 3231621 TI - [Thyroid hormone levels in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3231622 TI - [Optimal methods of oxygen therapy]. PMID- 3231623 TI - [Chemotherapy of experimental mycobacteriosis]. PMID- 3231624 TI - [Characteristics of the reactivity of patients with tuberculosis in relation to genetic indicators]. PMID- 3231625 TI - [Fluorescent properties of the blood serum of patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis and acute pneumonia]. PMID- 3231626 TI - [Tuberculin sensitivity in children with tuberculosis and a history of pneumonia]. PMID- 3231627 TI - [Prevention and early diagnosis of tuberculosis in children living in rural regions]. PMID- 3231628 TI - [Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of meningoencephalitis and encephalomyelitis of tuberculous and viral etiologies]. PMID- 3231629 TI - [Umbilical fistula in a patient with asymptomatic course of tuberculous peritonitis]. PMID- 3231630 TI - [Multiple primary malignant tumors and pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3231631 TI - [Intravital diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysm in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3231632 TI - How well do we perform? Parents' perceptions of paediatric care. PMID- 3231633 TI - Whatever happened to the Griffiths Report? PMID- 3231634 TI - The Denford meeting--airing staff concerns. PMID- 3231635 TI - The spiritual needs of atheists and agnostics. PMID- 3231636 TI - The Conseal System: a viable alternative. PMID- 3231637 TI - Encopresis: family support must accompany treatment. PMID- 3231639 TI - Midwifery--ensuring new life has the best possible start. PMID- 3231638 TI - A diverse range of options lies north of the Border. PMID- 3231640 TI - Agency work can broaden your experience. PMID- 3231641 TI - Non-radiometric assays. Technology and application in polypeptide and steroid hormone detection. Proceedings of a meeting. Bethesda, Maryland, October 15-16, 1987. PMID- 3231642 TI - The OVEIA Dual Analyte assay--a new method for profiling the menstrual cycle. AB - For the clinical management of the sub-fertile couple there is a need for better methods of monitoring ovarian function in the woman at an early stage of the investigation. This chapter describes the novel OVEIA DUAL ANALYTE assay, which has been designed for this purpose and has recently been made commercially available by Boots-Celltech Diagnostics Limited. The OVEIA DUAL ANALYTE assay is a non-radioactive, laboratory-based, colorimetric method which directly measures an index of the relative levels of the ovarian steroid metabolites, estrone glucuronide (E13G) and pregnanediol glucuronide (PD3G) in urine. The microwell ELISA format of the method allows ready generation of quantitative cyclical profiles of the E13G/PD3G index, thus providing a direct measure of ovarian function from one test. Data are presented which indicate that the OVEIA DUAL ANALYTE assay may prove to be a useful tool in the initial screening and subsequent management of women who present with sub-fertility. The potential of the DUAL ANALYTE principle for detection of the fertile period, in the context of natural family planning programs, is also discussed. PMID- 3231643 TI - The development of over-the-counter (OTC) assays for pregnanediol-3-glucuronide and estrone-B,D-glucuronide. AB - The development of simple tests for estrone-B,D-glucuronide (E1G) and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (P3G) in urine is described. The haptens P3G and E1G, coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA), were used as immunogens against which specific monoclonal antibodies were made by fusion of variants of P3.X63.Ag8.653 with spleen lymphocytes from immunized mice. When covalently bonded to gelatin or BSA and passively adsorbed to a microtiter plate, the hapten provides the solid phase for an ELISA. Peroxidase-labelled monoclonal antibody is premixed with a urine specimen and the mixture is immediately added to the plate. After a brief incubation and washing, a mixture of tetramethylbenzidine chromogen and hydrogen peroxide is added to serve as substrate and generate color. The ELISA can be used to monitor levels of E1G and P3G during menstrual cycles and provides a simple, noninvasive method which can be used in a laboratory. A similar competitive assay can be performed using colloidal gold as the label instead of peroxidase. The replacement of peroxidase by colloidal gold further simplifies the procedure and could be used as the basis for an OTC test. PMID- 3231644 TI - Alternative antibodies for immunoassay. PMID- 3231645 TI - Approaches to nonradiometric assays for inhibin and activin. PMID- 3231646 TI - Development of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for follicle regulatory protein. PMID- 3231647 TI - Design of immunoassays for use in developing countries. PMID- 3231648 TI - Field application of non-isotopic immunoassay of hormones. PMID- 3231649 TI - Bioluminescence assays. PMID- 3231650 TI - Immunoassays monitored by chemiluminescence. PMID- 3231651 TI - The avidin-biotin reaction as a universal amplification system in immunoassays. PMID- 3231652 TI - [Colloid combinations and biological availability of local anesthetics. 11. The effect of mixed-micelle formation on local anesthetic action]. PMID- 3231653 TI - [Colloid combinations and biological availability of local anesthetics. 12. Improvement of biological availability by disaggregation of drug micelles]. PMID- 3231654 TI - Simulation of the disintegration process of pharmaceutical tablets. PMID- 3231655 TI - Determination of thrombin activity in pharmaceutical forms by RP-HPLC. PMID- 3231656 TI - Comparative bioavailability of dipyridamole from tablet formulations. PMID- 3231657 TI - [Separation and analysis of phospholipids in liposomes of pulmonary surfactant by high pressure liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3231658 TI - The measurement of phospholipase A2 activity in human myometrium: physiological and pathological implications. AB - Phospholipase A2 activity was measured in human myometrium obtained at hysterectomy in a group of 41 patients using a double isotope ratio assay based on the liberation of [14-C] oleic acid from 1-palmitoyl-2-[14-C] oleoyl phosphatidylcholine. The enzyme was shown to be calcium independent and to have an optimum pH of 7. There was no significant difference (Mann Whitney U test) in myometrial phospholipase A2 activity between proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle (ranges: 3.88-30.8 and 0.47-25.85 nmol/mg protein per h respectively) but there was a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in activity in myometrium from uteri with fibroids (median 11.33, range 2.18-30.88 nmol/mg protein per h) compared to those without fibroids (median 6.94, range 0.31-25.85 nmol/mg protein per h). Myometrial phospholipase A2 activity was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in the 33-40 age group (median 4.71, range 0.31-6.94) compared to the 41-50 age group (median 11.35, range 2.18-30.88 nmol/mg protein per h). In the 51-55 age group phospholipase A2 activity (median 8.71, range 2.5 17.71 nmol/mg protein per h) was not significantly different from that of the other two groups. The increase in activity in the 41-50 age group was not due to the increased incidence of uterine fibroids. These findings suggest that myometrial phospholipase A2 may be important in the pathophysiology of the uterus. PMID- 3231659 TI - Mechanism of action of leukotrienes on the guinea pig bronchus. AB - The pharmacological activity of leukotrienes (LT) A4, C4, D4, E4, and histamine was investigated on guinea pig upper and lower bronchi. The contractions of the upper bronchi to histamine, LTA4, C4 and D4 were enhanced by cyclooxygenase inhibitors aspirin (1.67 X 10(-5) and 1.67 X 10(-6) M) and indomethacin (2.8 X 10(-6) and 2.8 X 10(-5) M) whereas the responses to LTE4 were not affected. The myotropic activity of the lower bronchi to all agonists were either very slightly or not at all modified by the presence of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The thromboxane synthetase inhibitor OKY-046 (1.77 X 10(-5) and 1.77 X 10(-6) M) did not change the responses of higher bronchi to the agonists which suggested that the response of the upper bronchi may be mediated by prostaglandins but not by thromboxanes. The responses of the lower bronchi to leukotrienes A4, C4, D4 and E4 were inhibited by compound OKY-046. Blockade of thromboxane receptors together with inhibition of lipoxygenases by compound L-655,240 (2.53 X 10(-8) to 2.53 X 10(-5) M) had a slight effect on the stimulation of upper and lower bronchi by leukotrienes and histamine. The compound FPL-55712 (1.92 X 10(-6) and 1.92 X 10( 5) M) strongly reduced the contractions of the upper and lower bronchi to leukotrienes but did not affect the responses to histamine. These results suggest that the contractile effects of leukotrienes on upper bronchi is modulated by bronchorelaxant prostaglandins whereas the responses of the lower bronchi are mediated by thromboxanes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3231660 TI - Leukotriene generation and small airway smooth muscle responsiveness in human lung. AB - The hypothesis was tested that endogenous leukotriene (LT) production in the lung causes desensitisation of airway smooth muscle to LT. The synthesis of LTB4, C4, D4 and E4 by human lung tissue, obtained at thoracotomies, after stimulation with Ca-ionophore was assessed by HPLC. Functional studies of small airway smooth muscle from the same tissue specimens were carried out using LTC4 and methacholine as the contracting agents. Generation of LTB4, C4, D4 and E4 was 453 +/- 82, 84 +/- 15, 71 +/- 27 and 40 +/- 16 pmol/g fresh tissue respectively (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 10). All airway smooth muscle preparations responded to LTC4 in a concentration dependent way with a -log EC20 of 8.56 +/- 0.13, a -log EC50 of 7.95 +/- 0.08 and a Tmax of 82 +/- 11 mg force/mg tissue weight, corresponding to 79 +/- 4% of the maximal response to methacholine (mean +/- S.E.M.; 27 preparations from 10 patients). No correlations were found between any of the functional parameters (-logEC20, -logEC50, Tmax to LTC4 and methacholine) and the amounts of LT's generated by the lung tissue. Furthermore airway smooth muscle contractility was not significantly reduced after repeated exposure of bronchiolar strips to LTC4 in vitro. These findings suggest that the responsiveness of human peripheral airway smooth muscle to LT is not related to the capacity of the lung tissue to synthetize LT. PMID- 3231661 TI - The effect of dietary fish oils on eicosanoid biosynthesis in peritoneal macrophages is influenced by both dietary N-6 polyunsaturated fats and total dietary fat. AB - Recent research has implicated dietary fish oils in the reduction of eicosanoids formed from arachidonic acid and amelioration of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis and inflammation. Feeding studies were conducted to determine if the efficacy of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish oils was influenced by the quantity of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the total level of fat in the diet. Groups of mice were fed diets composed of 5 and 20% total fat with varying proportions of linoleic acid as a source of n-6 PUFA. Menhaden oil as a source of n-3 PUFA was fed at two levels of n-6 at each level of total fat. Eicosanoid biosynthesis was stimulated and assayed in the mouse peritoneum using zymosan as an inflammatory stimulus. Production of LTE4 and PGE2 was enhanced by increasing n-6 PUFA in the diet at both levels of total fat. High dietary fat significantly suppressed leukotriene (LT) synthesis. Dietary menhaden oil reduced LTE4 and PGE2 synthesis at both levels of dietary n-6 in the low fat study. In animals on 20% dietary fat menhaden oil significantly reduced LT synthesis only at a relatively low dietary n-6 PUFA. On a high n-6 PUFA high fat diets, menhaden oil did not significant affect LTE4 synthesis in response to zymosan stimulation. The results suggest that the effectiveness of fish oils in reducing eicosanoids in response to specific stimulation is influenced by the level of n-6 and the total quantity of fat in the diet. PMID- 3231662 TI - Leukotriene C4 synthase from human, rabbit and rat sources. PMID- 3231664 TI - Copper intake affects rat heart performance during ischemia-reperfusion: possible relation to altered lipid and fatty acid metabolism. AB - Hearts from rats fed low copper (1.3 mg copper/kg diet) or a copper-supplemented diet (243 mg copper/kg diet) were perfused for 90 min according to the Langendorff method. The perfusion protocol included 30 min normoxia, 30 min ischemia and 30 min reperfusion. After 90 min perfusion, hearts from the low copper group had gained more weight, had lower coronary perfusion pressure, developed less force of contraction and secreted less 6-keto PGF1 alpha into the perfusate than hearts from the copper-supplemented group. After perfusion, the major lipid change in the hearts from both groups was a 85-90% decrease in total triacylglycerol. In both groups, stearic acid and arachidonic acid (mg%) were increased in the triacylglycerol fraction after heart perfusion. The quantitative (mg/g) decrease in the triacylglycerol content of stearic acid and arachidonic acid was significantly less in the copper-supplemented group. After perfusion, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (mg/g) was lower in heart phospholipids from the low copper group. Dihomo-gamma-linolenic/arachidonic acid (microgram/mg) was significantly decreased after perfusion only in the hearts from the low copper group. Lipid and fatty acid changes in the hearts of the rats fed low dietary copper may contribute to abnormal heart function in this group. PMID- 3231663 TI - Platelet activating factor antagonism with BN52021 protects the kidney against acute ischemic injury. AB - The present study has been conducted to evaluate the eventual role of the platelet activating factor (PAF) in post-ischemic recovery of renal function, using BN52021, a PAF receptor antagonist, in the anesthetized rat. In Groups 1 and 2, animals were maintained hydropenic (fractional excretion of sodium less than 1%), while in Groups 3 and 4, studies were performed under extracellular expansion (0.9% NaCl, 5% of body weight), a procedure known to protect the kidney from ischemic injury. Groups 1 and 3 (control animals) were untreated, whereas Groups 2 and 4 received an intravenous bolus of BN52021 (3mg/kg), immediately before clearance studies. After three 20-minute control periods, the left renal artery was occluded during 30 minutes. Four consecutive 20-minute clearance periods were taken after the release of occlusion. In Groups 1 and 2, urine flow (UV) increased from 3.1 +/- 0.9 to 20.9 +/- 3.6 ml/min, and from 6.8 +/- 0.3 to 40.4 +/- 4.5 ml/min, respectively, from control to the last period of recovery. Glomerular filtration (GFR) recovered to 38% of control values, from 0.58 +/- 0.09 to 0.22 +/- 0.10 ml/min in Group 1, as opposed to Group 2, where GFR recovered to 69%, from 0.61 +/- 0.07 to 0.42 +/- 0.06 ml/min. Urinary sodium (UNaV) increased from 0.3 +/- 0.1 to 3.0 +/- 0.9 microEq/min, and from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 6.0 +/- 0.7 microEq/min, in Groups 1 and 3. UV rose from 14.3 +/- 2.5 to 35.3 +/- 3.5 microliters/min, and from 14.2 +/- 2.1 to 68.6 +/- 9.3 microliters/min, in Groups 3 and 4, during the same periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3231665 TI - A new in vitro method using fura-2 for the quantification of endothelial cell injury. AB - Endothelial cell injury was determined by a new method based on measuring a specific release of fura-2, a fluorescent calcium indicator. We examined the cytotoxicity of 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) on cultured endothelial cells using the fura-2 assay. The new assay was compared to traditional assays for cytolysis such as measuring the release of 51Chromium (51Cr) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The fura-2 method were able to detect minor and early phase membrane damage in endothelial cells due to the hydroperoxide. Significant release of fura-2 was detected by 5, 10, 25 and 50 mu/ml of 15-HPETE (5, 10 and 25 micrograms/ml p less than 0.01; 50 micrograms/ml, p less than 0.001) as early as 1 hour after the start of the 15-HPETE treatment. The fura-2 assay was so sensitive to the endothelial cell injury that the damage of the cells due to 15-HPETE at the dose of as low as 5 mu/ml could be detected in as early as 30 min. On the other hand, in the traditional 51Cr or LDH release assay, only the cell damage caused by high dose (50 mu/ml) of 15-HPETE could be detected in as late as 6 hours after the start of 15-HPETE exposure. The new method may be useful for the approach to searching injurious substances or their antagonists to several kinds of cells. PMID- 3231666 TI - Faith, hope, and love in medicine. PMID- 3231667 TI - Babies made the American way: ethics and interests of surrogate motherhood. PMID- 3231668 TI - The education and training of surgeons. PMID- 3231669 TI - Smoking in hospitals. PMID- 3231670 TI - On the possibility of obtaining non-diffused proximity functions from cloud chamber data: I. Fourier deconvolution. AB - A mathematical procedure, using Fourier deconvolution, is described whereby diffusion-free proximity functions can be obtained from cloud-chamber data. Such non-diffused distributions can be used to obtain further microdosimetric and nanodosimetric quantities hitherto not available from experiments, thus making the cloud chamber an almost ideal nanodosimeter. PMID- 3231672 TI - Shaping of arbitrary dose distributions by dynamic multileaf collimation. AB - Traditionally, the shaping of non-uniform dose distributions has been performed by using wedges or compensating filters. The advent of high resolution multileaf collimators may largely eliminate the need for material attenuators for modification of the beam. This is achieved by a new technique for the shaping of arbitrary dose distributions by dynamic motion of the collimator leaves. By employing narrow elementary slit beams that correspond to the smallest possible opening of the multileaf collimator, the optimal density of such slit beams, i.e. opening density, can be determined automatically using a newly developed inversion algorithm. The present method has two major advantages (1) internal structures in the field can be created, controlled solely by steering the collimator leaves, (2) the opening density determined by the algorithm never gives rise to underdosage: this is important from a radiobiological point of view. PMID- 3231671 TI - On the possibility of obtaining non-diffused proximity functions from cloud chamber data: II. Maximum entropy and Bayesian methods. AB - Maximum entropy and Bayesian methods are applied to an inversion problem which consists of unfolding diffusion from proximity functions calculated from cloud chamber data. The solution appears to be relatively insensitive to statistical errors in the data (an important feature) given the limited number of tracks normally available from cloud-chamber measurements. It is the first time, to our knowledge, that such methods are applied to microdosimetry. PMID- 3231673 TI - Reflection of laser light from ophthalmic contact lenses. AB - Reflections of laser radiation from ophthalmological contact lenses are measured and hazard analysis calculations are presented. Measurements were made on the contact lenses using ophthalmic argon and krypton lasers. Reflection coefficients were around 0.2% for lenses with 'anti-laser' coatings and in the region of 4% for uncoated lenses. It can be shown that the nominal ocular hazard distance for a typical ophthalmic argon laser beam reflected from a contact lens with a flat front surface is approximately 30 cm for a coated lens and 1 m for an uncoated lens. The necessity of protective glasses for attending staff in particular circumstances is reviewed. PMID- 3231674 TI - Simulation of clinical scintigrams for nuclear medicine imaging devices. PMID- 3231675 TI - Skin surface markers for use in magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3231676 TI - One-electron oxidation and reduction of azapropazone and phenylbutazone derivatives in aqueous solution: a pulse radiolysis study. PMID- 3231677 TI - Dynamics of anthracyclines/DNA interaction: a laser time-resolved fluorescence study. PMID- 3231678 TI - Products and relative reaction rates of the oxidation of tocopherols with singlet molecular oxygen. PMID- 3231679 TI - Photophysical behaviour of 5-methoxypsoralen in dioxane-water mixtures. PMID- 3231680 TI - Standards for UV instruments and risk of existing devices. PMID- 3231681 TI - Accumulation of porphyrins in cells: influence of hydrophobicity aggregation and protein binding. PMID- 3231682 TI - Solar spectral irradiance in the visible and infrared regions. PMID- 3231683 TI - An ultrastructural comparative evaluation of tumors photosensitized by porphyrins administered in aqueous solution, bound to liposomes or to lipoproteins. PMID- 3231684 TI - Photochemistry of methylated rhodopsins. PMID- 3231685 TI - Photoexcitation of rhodopsin: conformation changes in the chromophore, protein and associated lipids as determined by FTIR difference spectroscopy. PMID- 3231686 TI - Investigations on biological effect of polarized light. PMID- 3231687 TI - Resonance Raman spectra of the II-cation radicals of copper, cobalt, and nickel methyloctaethylchlorins: vibrational characteristics of chlorophyll models. PMID- 3231688 TI - Determination of the acrylamide quenching constant for protein and model indole triplets. PMID- 3231689 TI - Transformation of Azotobacter vinelandii OP with a broad host range plasmid containing a cloned chromosomal nif-DNA marker. AB - The non-nitrogen-fixing (Nif-) strain UW10 of Azotobacter vinelandii OP (UW) was naturally induced to competence and transformed with broad host range plasmid pKT210 containing the cloned wild-type nif-10 locus from A. vinelandii UW (Nif+); this marker was unable to complement the nif-10 mutation in trans, but could through recombination with the chromosome. The most frequent type of transformation event observed was recombination between the homologous regions of the plasmid and chromosome (producing Nif+ transformants) with loss of the plasmid vector. At a substantially lower frequency, transformants expressing the plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance determinants were isolated which were phenotypically Nif-. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that these transformants contained a plasmid migrating with the same mobility as the original donor plasmid. During culture these transformants acquired a Nif+ phenotype without the loss of the plasmid, as judged by the use of a hybridization probe specific for the cloned nif-DNA fragment. These data indicate that plasmids carrying sequences homologous to chromosomal sequences could be maintained in recombination proficient A. vinelandii UW. The introduction of plasmids containing sequences homologous to chromosomal sequences was facilitated by prelinearization of the plasmid using a restriction endonuclease generating cohesive ends. Because the site of linearization could be chosen outside the region of shared homology, it was unlikely that the route of plasmid establishment occurred via a homology facilitated transformation mechanism. The data also indicated that A. vinelandii UW could harbor broad host range cloning vectors based on plasmid RSF1010 without significant impairment of its nitrogen-fixation ability. PMID- 3231691 TI - Musculoskeletal pain syndromes. PMID- 3231690 TI - Plant expression vectors with the origin of replication of the W-type plasmid Sa. AB - A new class of binary vectors has been constructed, containing the origin of replication of the W-type plasmid Sa. These vectors are designed to express foreign genes in plants under control of the TR gene 2' promoter or the promoter of a light-inducible ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. PMID- 3231692 TI - Salt and hypertension--a dangerous myth? PMID- 3231693 TI - Measles, mumps and rubella. The new MMR. PMID- 3231694 TI - AIDS deaths in the UK--how complete are the figures? PMID- 3231695 TI - Case to case spread of cryptosporidiosis; evidence from a day nursery outbreak. PMID- 3231696 TI - Factors related to blood lipid levels--the Bremen baseline health survey of the German Cardiovascular Prevention Study. PMID- 3231697 TI - General practitioner survey in Stockport: reference cervical cytology screening service. PMID- 3231698 TI - Quality assurance--new wine in old bottles. PMID- 3231699 TI - Malignant lymphomas in agricultural and forestry workers in England and Wales. PMID- 3231700 TI - An evaluation of the pediatric component of the village health program in Indonesia. PMID- 3231701 TI - Safe on playgrounds? The nature and causes of children's playground accidents and opportunities for prevention. PMID- 3231702 TI - "Paralytic' secretion after parasympathectomy of rabbit submandibular glands includes a cholinergic component. AB - Chronic parasympathetic decentralization of submandibular glands in rabbits has been studied after 3 weeks, in acute experiments under urethane anaesthesia. A "paralytic' secretion occurred from the supersensitive denervated glands and it was not attributable to an increase in the "spontaneous' flow, that is present in normal glands. The "paralytic' secretion was completely inhibited by atropine, after which a "spontaneous' flow, that was similar to the contralateral glands, persisted. The alpha-adrenergic blocker dihydroergotamine, when given before atropine, reduced the "paralytic' secretion by 50-75% but when this drug was given after atropine it had no additional effect. The beta-adrenergic blocker propanolol did not cause a reduction in the "paralytic' secretion. Superior cervical ganglionectomy, in contrast, did not give rise to a significant "paralytic' flow. The results suggest that acetylcholine, released spontaneously from terminals of postganglionic parasympathetic nerves, plays an essential part in the "paralytic' secretion that occurs from rabbit submandibular glands after preganglionic denervation. Circulating catecholamines make a secondary contribution, acting synergistically with the acetylcholine on the supersensitive secretory cells. PMID- 3231703 TI - Sodium-depletion-induced contractures in isolated rat vas deferens: possible role of endogenous catecholamines. AB - The mechanism involved in the development of contracture in an isolated smooth muscle in Na+-depleted saline solution is not clearly understood. Whereas most of the reported studies attribute it to direct myogenic action of Na+ depletion, a few suggested the contracture to be an indirect mechanism through the release of the neurotransmitter from presynaptic nerve endings. The present study employed rat vas deferens and it showed that the slowly developing contracture in Na+ depleted saline solution was blocked by prior treatment with in vitro prazosin and in vivo reserpine. Prior exposure of the tissue to verapamil caused the development of rhythmic contractions in Na+-free medium and these rhythmic contractions were blocked by prazosin. Exposure of the tissue to a Ca2+-free solution abolished the contractures induced by Na+-free solution. Na+-depletion increased the sensitivity of the vas deferens to exogenous noradrenaline. It is concluded that the contractures induced by Na+ depletion result from the stimulation of postjunctional alpha-adrenoceptors by endogenously released catecholamines from the adrenergic nerve terminals innervating the vas deferens smooth muscle. Further, these contractures result from an influx of extracellular Ca2+ through both voltage-dependent and receptor-operated calcium channels. PMID- 3231704 TI - Acetylcholine-evoked potassium and sodium transport in rat lacrimal segments: evidence for a sodium-chloride co-transport system. AB - An investigation was made of the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on transmembrane movements of potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) in isolated segments of rat lacrimal glands. ACh elicited dose-dependent and transient increases in K+ concentration in the effluent (K+ release). The ACh-induced K+ outflow was unaffected by either pre-treatment of lacrimal segments with loop diuretics (frusemide, piretanide and bumetanide, all 10(-4) M) or replacement of chloride (Cl-) in the physiological salt solution with nitrate (NO3-). In contrast, ACh caused a significant (P less than 0.001) reduction in Na+ concentration in the effluent (Na+ uptake). The ACh evoked Na+ uptake was sensitive to loop diuretics and Cl- removal. Pre-treatment of tissue with ouabain (10(-3) M) resulted in a marked sustained K+ release. ACh produced a further increase in K+ efflux in the continuing presence of ouabain. Incubation of the tissue with 10 mM-tetraethylammonium (TEA) resulted in an uptake of K+. The result suggest the presence of a diuretic-sensitive Na+-Cl- co transport system in lacrimal acinar cell membranes. PMID- 3231705 TI - Further evidence for a parathyroid hormone-related protein in fetal parathyroid glands of sheep. AB - Extracts of ovine fetal parathyroid glands contained a substance in addition to parathyroid hormone (PTH) which could not be neutralized by antiserum against PTH in a cytochemical bioassay. This substance reacted similarly to human parathyroid hormone-related protein, the humoral hypercalcaemic factor associated with malignancy in man. The ovine fetal PTHrP may be responsible for maintaining the fetus hypercalcaemic relative to the mother. PMID- 3231706 TI - Hydrostatic pressure enhances baroreceptor reflexes in the rat. AB - The effects of increased hydrostatic pressure on baroreceptor reflexes in the decerebrate rat have been investigated. Baroreceptor 'sensitivity' was assessed from the relationship between cardiac interval and systolic blood pressure following infusion of phenylephrine to animals exposed to increases in hydrostatic pressure (1-30 bar) with helium. Resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure were reduced and the 'sensitivity' of the baroreflex heart rate response was significantly increased by exposure to pressure. This enhancement of cardiovascular reflex function, elicited by moderate increases in hydrostatic pressure may, in part, be centrally mediated. PMID- 3231707 TI - Fast to slow phenotypic changes in rabbit muscle can be induced without increases in neural activity. AB - Immobilization of rabbit tibialis anterior (fast) muscle in a lengthened position for 5 weeks led to a fivefold increase in the number of slow oxidative fibres. Unlike the situation in other models of phenotypic change in adult muscle, the increased expression of slow phenotype was not associated with an increase in the level of electrical activation, as monitored in the stretched muscles by chronic telemetric electromyography. PMID- 3231708 TI - Recovery from immobilization-induced atrophy of rabbit soleus muscles can be accelerated by chronic low-frequency stimulation. AB - Immobilization of rabbit soleus muscles with an ankle joint angle of 90 degrees led to gross degeneration after 2 weeks. Natural recovery in the subsequent 2 weeks had little effect on the mean area of soleus fibres, although there were signs of regeneration. However chronic low-frequency activation of soleus muscles by nerve stimulation greatly accelerated recovery, producing muscle fibres of normal areas and with characteristics of maturity. PMID- 3231709 TI - Reflex responses of vascular resistance in anaesthetized dogs to independent changes in ventricular systolic pressure and cardiac inotropic state. AB - Responses of systemic arterial perfusion pressure to changes in ventricular systolic pressure were determined before and after administration of dobutamine, then after propranolol, to determine whether the effective stimulus to left ventricular receptors was the change in ventricular systolic pressure or inotropic state. The results showed that increases in ventricular systolic pressure resulted in reflex vasodilatation which was unaffected by inotropic state, indicating that changes in ventricular systolic pressure provided the more potent stimulus. PMID- 3231711 TI - [Inhibitory effect of Staphylococcus aureus on the growth of rat sarcoma]. AB - We have studied the effect upon the growth of a transplantable rat sarcoma, of an intraperitoneal inoculation of peritoneal exudate cell (PEC), spleen cells (SC) and non-adherent spleen cells (N-ASC) obtained from S. aureus previously inoculated rats and the same cells from normal rats (NPEC, NSC, NN-ASC). Inbred, adult rats were inoculated with 800 x 10(6) bacteria, killed by tyndalization. After 7 days, treated and normal animals were sacrificed and PEC, SC and N-ASC were obtained. Different groups of animals were inoculated with these cell populations. Simultaneously the rats received a s.c. inoculum of a transplantable sarcoma (S-E 100). Tumor size was measured on days 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after tumor challenge. A significant tumor growth inhibition was found with all three cell populations, but no effect was observed with normal cells. Tumor size on different days and tumor growth curves clearly demonstrate this effect. We conclude that Staphylococcus aureus inoculum as well as the cells from animals previously challenged with the bacteria induce tumor growth inhibition. The possibility that protein A of S. aureus may be involved in this phenomenon, or that the mechanism of tumor growth inhibition is mediated by an activation of different cell populations is discussed. PMID- 3231710 TI - [Effect of quinones and nitrofurans on Trypanosoma mega and Crithidia fasciculata]. AB - Demonstration of trypanocidal effects in vitro is a first step for the development of new antichagasic drugs. In order to obtain an experimental model allowing the pre-screening of potential trypanocides for Trypanosoma cruzi in a short time and under safe conditions, the trypanosomatids T. mega and C. fasciculata were assayed for their response to a) compounds known for their action on T. cruzi, and b) compounds not tested before on the latter. The drugs were assayed on the organisms growth in a liquid culture medium, cell multiplication being measured by the medium turbidity increase, using a photoelectric colorimeter previously calibrated with cell suspensions of known concentration. A series of quinones (Lapachones and related compounds), naftoquinone-imines, benzoquinones (perezone and dihydroperezone), a quinol (miconidine) and several nitrofurans, including nifurtimox and (5-nitro-2 furfurylidene)-amino (NF-group) derivatives, inhibited the flagellates growth, specially T. mega, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations lesser than 5.0 microM, for the most active compounds. T. mega response to nifurtimox, NF derivatives and beta-lapachone was in close agreement with that of T. cruzi. Cultures of T. mega in the presence of NF-pyrazole, NF-indazoles and NF-imidazole but not nifurtimox, showed irreversible damage since, after re-incubation in fresh medium without inhibitor, these cells grew significantly less than their corresponding controls. Similar effects were observed in C. fasciculata, with beta-lapachone and one naftoquinone-imine. Our results qualify T. mega as an adequate experimental model for the assay of antichagasic agents, as C. fasciculata and T. brucei brucei do for the african trypanosomes. PMID- 3231712 TI - [Adjuvant activity of lactic bacteria: perspectives for its use in oral vaccines]. AB - The effect of the oral and subcutaneous administration of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus on humoral antibody production and delayed type hypersensitivity response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was studied. The species of the genus Lactobacillus proved to be more effective in both cases, effects being stronger when working with viable bacteria than with non-viable cells. The stimulation of primary cellular and humoral immune responses reached optimal activity with a dose of 6 x 10(9) cells. The plaque-forming cells (PFC) and the circulating antibody titers to the SRBC antigen obtained in the groups treated with lactobacilli were 2 to 3 times higher than those of the non-treated control group. In mice fed with the different lactic acid bacteria circulating antibody against these microorganisms failed to be detected, but when they were administered by subcutaneous route a strong response to antilactic acid bacteria was stimulated. S. thermophilus was not effective in increasing the immune response. These results suggest that the lactobacilli by oral route, exert a strong adjuvant activity which is responsible for the enhanced host immune responses obtained. In this respect, lactobacilli could be considered as the most promising oral adjuvant. PMID- 3231713 TI - [Antigenic variants of the respiratory syncytial virus in Argentina and Uruguay]. AB - The characterization of RSV antigenic variants was carried out on 160 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children under 5 years of age, from Argentina and Uruguay, with acute respiratory infection and a previously positive etiological diagnosis for RSV. Results for Argentina were: 20.9% of samples belonged to subtype A, 76.9% to subtype B and the remaining 2.2% to new subtypes as yet uncharacterized. Results for Uruguay were: 5.6% of samples belonged to subtype A, 81% to subtype B and 13.5% to other subtypes. Subtype B was predominant in both countries. The correlation of RSV antigenic variants with the clinical picture and epidemiological profile is currently underway. PMID- 3231714 TI - [Salmonella taxonomy]. AB - Throughout the years, Salmonella nomenclature has suffered continual revisions, due to the confusion created by the different criteria adopted by the several groups of researchers. At the present time, it is recognized that the genus Salmonella is a single species, composed by seven taxa, with the level of subspecies (subsp.), which can be divided into serovars, described in the Kauffmann-White scheme. The name of four the species type Salmonella is Salmonella enteral sp. nov. nom. rev. The serovar of the taxon I is designated, for instance, Salmonella subsp. I ser. Typhimurium. For the other taxa, less frequent in human or animal pathology, the name of the subsp., followed by the antigenic formula (e.g. Salmonella subsp. IV 50: b-) is used. This criterion has been validated by the International Committee of Systematic Bacteriology and the names of the serovars are included in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. PMID- 3231715 TI - [Coagulase-negative Staphylococci from the hospital and extra-hospital environments]. PMID- 3231716 TI - [Sensitivity to disinfectants of Salmonella agona strains isolated from patients]. PMID- 3231717 TI - [Carrying-out compulsory preventive vaccination in Poland in 1986]. PMID- 3231718 TI - [Post-traumatic bacterial cerebrospinal meningitis treated at the Infectious Disease Clinic, Pomeranian Medical Academy, during the years 1976-1985]. PMID- 3231719 TI - [Presence of anti-Legionella antibodies in a selected group of patients from the Infectious Disease Clinic, Pomeranian Medical Academy, in Szczecin (preliminary report)]. PMID- 3231720 TI - [Botulism among the cases of the Outpatient Clinic and the district Infectious Disease Hospital in Bydgoszcz]. PMID- 3231721 TI - [Focus of hepatitis A at a scouts' camp in Lubiatow]. PMID- 3231722 TI - Multiple gastric adenomas. AB - Gastric adenomas are uncommon, and multiple gastric adenomas are rare. We report an instance of three gastric adenomas found in an elderly man. Of the two polyps that contained histologic changes of malignancy, one measured 8 cm in length. The radiographic and pathologic findings are presented with a pertinent review of the literature. PMID- 3231723 TI - Computer-aided interactive surgical simulation for craniofacial anomalies based on 3-D surface reconstruction CT images. AB - We developed a computer-aided interactive surgical simulation system for craniofacial anomalies based on three-dimensional (3-D) surface reconstruction CT imaging. This system has four functions: 1) 3-D surface reconstruction display with an accelerated projection method; 2) Surgical simulation to cut, move, rotate, and reverse bone-blocks over the reference 3-D image on the CRT screen; 3) 3-D display of the simulated image in arbitrary views; and 4) Prediction of postoperative skin surface features displayed as 3-D images in arbitrary views. Retrospective surgical simulation has been performed on three patients who underwent the fronto-orbital advancement procedures for brachycephaly and two who underwent the reconstructive procedure for scaphocephaly. The predicted configurations of the cranium and skin surface were well simulated when compared to the postoperative images in 3-D arbitrary views. In practical use, this software might be used for an on-line system connected to a large scale general purpose computer. PMID- 3231724 TI - Hemopneumothorax due to pulmonary metastasis with malignant hemangioendothelioma: CT and pathological findings. AB - Malignant hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor. The disease frequently recurs and eventually metastasizes to the lung in most cases. Hemopneumothorax developing soon after metastasis to the lung indicates on unfavorable prognosis. We had an opportunity to examine a patient who had malignant hemangioendothelioma in the occipital scalp and developed hemopneumothorax following metastasis to the lung. We report the computed tomographic (CT) and pathological finding in the patient, and review the literature on hemopneumothorax. PMID- 3231726 TI - Prevention and nursing. PMID- 3231725 TI - Radiation and thermal characteristics of mouse lymphoma cells and their radiation sensitive mutant. AB - Radiation and thermal characteristics of L5178Y cells and their radiation sensitive mutant M10 cells were studied by the colony-forming method and the dye exclusion method using eosin-Y. Although M10 cells were remarkably radiation sensitive compared with L5178Y cells, it was difficult to cause interphase death of M10 after a large dose of irradiation. After heat treatments, L5178Y cells revealed more cell destruction and were stained well by eosin-Y, but it was relatively difficult to produce cell destruction of M10 cells, which showed poor staining by eosin-Y. When assayed by the colony-forming method, M10 cells were also heat-resistant compared to L5178Y. The dye-exclusion rate was closely correlated with cell survival after hyperthermia of L5178Y cells, suggesting that this is a simple method of detecting the thermosensitivity and thermotolerance of cancer cells. The difference in survival of L5178Y cells and M10 cells after combined treatment with gamma irradiation and hyperthermia was smaller than with gamma irradiation alone. It was also found that there was a relationship between radiation-induced interphase death and hyperthermia-induced interphase death, and that interphase death accounted for a major part of cell death caused by hyperthermia in mouse leukemia cells. PMID- 3231727 TI - An introduction to developments in prevention in nursing. PMID- 3231728 TI - Patterns of prevention: an exploration of patterns of prevention in the broad sense as they have developed. PMID- 3231729 TI - Family planning in a rural community. PMID- 3231730 TI - Prevention of drug misuse: a review of current policy with proposals for future development. PMID- 3231731 TI - Health care needs of a Canadian native population. PMID- 3231732 TI - Prevention and patterns of disease: prospects and research directions in nursing for the future. PMID- 3231733 TI - Prevention of accidents to hospital patients. PMID- 3231734 TI - Accidents in the community. PMID- 3231735 TI - Helping patients avoid readmission to hospital: a health behaviour study. PMID- 3231736 TI - Chronic disease and the social matrix: a native American diabetes intervention. PMID- 3231737 TI - Asymptomatic chlamydia during pregnancy. AB - Data were collected by certified nurse midwives during routine antepartum visits for 111 low-income women. There was a significant difference between the incidence of chlamydia n = 25 (22.5%) and gonorrhea n = 2 (1.8%), Z-score = 4.7; p less than .01. If current practices for selective screening were used 19 of the 25 women who had a positive chlamydia would not have been tested. Given the complications associated with chlamydia for women and their offspring, early detection, treatment, and education programs are justified. PMID- 3231738 TI - Preferences for treatment control among adults with cancer. AB - The preferences of adults with cancer about alternative roles they might play in treatment decision making was examined. The hypothesis was that people with cancer have ideal points along the psychological dimension of keeping, sharing, or giving away control over decision making. A theoretical sample of 60 ambulatory oncology patients was tested using two card-sort procedures with a total of eight vignettes describing various patterns of control over treatment decision making. Results indicated that preference orders of 59/60 patients were consistent with the existence of an underlying psychological dimension, "preferences for control over treatment decision making"; that most patients preferred the pattern of shared control; and that patients preferred to give control to the physician rather than a family member. PMID- 3231739 TI - A model for forecasting intermittent skilled home nursing needs. AB - The problem of forecasting the need and the cost for post-discharge skilled home nursing services is addressed by a simple statistical model. The model, assumptions, and simple calculations are described. Use of the model is illustrated with 7598 cancer patients and 2337 myocardial infarction patients. Simulation of the impact of changes in the health care delivery system toward greater and lesser severity of hospitalized patients is carried out. Two key projections illustrating the model's output are the number of patients with these diseases who will need care and the cost of that care. PMID- 3231740 TI - Assessment of the reliability of physical measures. AB - Assessment of the reliability of physical measures that yield continuous data (e.g., physiological measures such as blood pressure and anthropometric measures such as weight) should include the following statistics and procedures: mean, minimal and maximal differences; standard deviation of the net differences; technical error of measurement; and clinically meaningful indices of agreement. Displaying differences graphically and using Exploratory Data Analysis are excellent methods of summarizing differences. In those situations where any measurement error is important, regardless of its direction, the absolute value of the differences should be used to describe average differences. Correlation coefficients are not recommended because they are not adequate tests of reliability. PMID- 3231741 TI - Collaborative practice: a critical theory perspective. AB - The purpose of this critical theory study was to investigate the observed failure of nurses and physicians to collaborate, and the underlying meaning behind this failure. Using a phenomenological and participatory approach, 18 family nurse practitioners and physicians in joint practice were interviewed separately and together about their practice relationships. Transcribed interviews and data summaries were returned to the participants for review and validation. Emergent themes were analyzed using the critical theory of Jurgen Habermas. Results demonstrated that distorted communication and nonmeaningful interactions were promoted by both nurses and physicians. Elements identified as contributing to more successful collaborative practices included a willingness to move beyond basic information exchange in nurse/physician interactions, the willingness and ability to challenge distortions and assumptions in the relationship, and a belief system based on critical self-reflection. PMID- 3231742 TI - Quantitative in vitro autoradiographic characterization of [125I]angiotensin III binding sites in rat adrenal gland. AB - A single class of high-affinity binding sites for [125I]angiotensin III and [125I]angiotensin II were found in rat adrenal medulla and zona glomerulosa by quantitative autoradiography. In the medulla, Kd were 1.46 and 1.16 nM, and Bmax 1700 and 1700 fmol/mg protein, for [125I]angiotensin II and [125I]angiotensin III, respectively. In the zona glomerulosa, Kd were 0.86 and 0.90 nM, and Bmax 790 and 560 fmol/mg protein, for [125I]angiotensin II and [125I]angiotensin III, respectively. Unlabeled angiotensin III and angiotensin II displaced [125I]angiotensin III with similar potency in both adrenal zona glomerulosa and medulla. Our findings suggest that angiotensin III and angiotensin II might share the same binding sites in adrenal gland and support the hypothesis of a role for angiotensin III in the adrenal medulla and zona glomerulosa. PMID- 3231743 TI - Neuropeptide K suppresses feeding in the rat. AB - We studied the effects of neuropeptide K (NPK), a 36 amino acid residue peptide of the tachykinin family, on latency to onset of feeding and cumulative 1 and 2 h food intake in three experimental paradigms. Intraperitoneal injection of NPK (1.25 and 3.14 nmol) to food-deprived rats delayed the onset of feeding and significantly decreased the cumulative food intake. Intraperitoneal injection of NPK (1.25 and 3.14 nmol) to water-deprived rats produced no effect on subsequent drinking behavior. Similarly, intraperitoneal injection of NPK (3.14 nmol) 15 min before onset of the dark phase (of the light-dark cycle) significantly delayed the occurrence of ingestive behavior and the cumulative food intake was markedly suppressed. Furthermore, administration of NPK intraperitoneally (0.5-3.14 nmol) 15 min before intraventricular (i.c.v.) injection of neuropeptide Y (NPY 0.47 nmol) to satiated rats significantly suppressed NPY-induced feeding and delayed the onset of ingestive behavior. However, when administered centrally prior to NPY injection, NPK delayed the onset of feeding response only. Collectively, these findings show that NPK can acutely and consistently suppress feeding behavior. PMID- 3231744 TI - Gastrin-releasing peptide stimulates cholecystokinin secretion in perfused rat duodenum. AB - We examined the effect of porcine gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP-27) and other analogous neuropeptides on cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion from the isolated perfused rat duodenum. GRP-27 stimulated CCK secretion in a monophasic pattern and in a dose-dependent manner ranging from 10(-9) M to 10(-6) M, and 10(-7) M of GRP-27 led to an increment of 442 +/- 120.8 fmol/3 min. The stimulatory effect of GRP-27 on CCK was not inhibited by 10(-5) M of atropine. 10(-7) M of neuromedin C and B, analogs of GRP, stimulated CCK secretion to increments of 382 +/- 64.1 and 289 +/- 47.2 fmol/3 min, respectively. Carbachol (10(-9) to 10(-6) M), VIP (10( 9)M), secretin (10(-9)M) and glucose (11 mM) did not stimulate CCK secretion, and the addition of atropine (10(-5)M) to them led to no significant changes. These results suggest that GRP may directly stimulate CCK secretion from the duodenum and work as a non-cholinergic, peptidergic neurotransmitter. PMID- 3231746 TI - [Age as a cause of error in population surveys]. PMID- 3231745 TI - Comparison of motilin binding to crude homogenates of human and canine gastrointestinal smooth muscle tissue. AB - Pharmacological studies indicate that in man and in rabbit, but not in dog, motilin has a direct influence upon gastrointestinal smooth muscle. In accordance with this hypothesis we have presented direct biochemical evidence for the presence of motilin receptors on rabbit smooth muscle tissue. We have now extended our studies to human and canine tissue. Tissue homogenates were studied in binding experiments with iodinated porcine [Leu13]motilin and iodinated canine motilin. It was ascertained that the iodination procedure had little effect on the biological activity of the porcine analogue. In the human antrum specific binding of the iodinated porcine analogue was only found in the smooth muscle layer. It was absent in mucosal or serosal preparations. At 30 degrees C and pH 8.0, binding was maximal after 60 min of incubation, and was reversed by the addition of unlabeled porcine motilin. Binding was enhanced in the presence of calcium and magnesium ions. At a concentration of 10 mM MgCl2, binding was 220% of the binding observed in its absence. Displacement studies with synthetic porcine [Leu13]motilin or synthetic natural porcine motilin indicated a dissociation constant (Kd) of 3.6 +/- 1.6 nM and a maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 77 +/- 9 fmol per mg protein. Canine motilin displaced iodinated porcine motilin with an apparent Kd of 2.2 +/- 0.9 nM. Compared to antral binding, receptor density decreased aborally and orally, and was absent in jejunum and ileum. In dog specific binding could not be demonstrated in antral and duodenal tissue, neither with labeled porcine nor with labeled canine motilin. However, labeled canine motilin was equipotent to labeled porcine motilin in binding studies with human tissue: the dissociation constant was 0.9 +/- 0.6 nM. The present studies therefore demonstrate the existence of a specific motilin receptor in the antroduodenal region of the human gut. Apparently, such receptors are not present in the canine gut. Our data support the hypothesis that in the human gastrointestinal tract, the gastroduodenal area is motilin's target region. PMID- 3231747 TI - [Change in the prevalence of VDRL-reactivity: response to the education campaign against AIDS?]. PMID- 3231748 TI - Pathology of complete atrioventricular block in chronic Chagas' myocarditis. PMID- 3231749 TI - [Effects of the dynamization of static bolt nailing. In vivo experimentation]. PMID- 3231750 TI - [Aplasia of the lateral ray of the leg and foot]. PMID- 3231751 TI - [154 cases of agenesis of the lower limbs in children]. PMID- 3231752 TI - [Triple osteotomies of the pelvis in children]. PMID- 3231753 TI - [Use of the Pavlik harness in treating congenital dislocation of the hip in infants with reduction during hospitalization]. PMID- 3231754 TI - [The role of arthroscopy in children and adolescents. Apropos of 154 cases]. PMID- 3231756 TI - [Results of early surgical treatment of fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children]. PMID- 3231755 TI - [The natural history of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in children]. PMID- 3231757 TI - [Injuries of the upper part of the leg in children (excluding the tibial spine)]. PMID- 3231758 TI - [Old post-traumatic dislocations of the radial head in children]. PMID- 3231759 TI - [Repeat fractures of the 2 forearm bones in children]. PMID- 3231761 TI - [Hyper-pressure syndrome of the wrist]. PMID- 3231760 TI - [Epiphyseal fractures and separation of the upper part of the humerus. Apropos of a series of 148 cases]. PMID- 3231762 TI - [Partial arthrodesis of the wrist for internal instability of the wrist]. PMID- 3231763 TI - [Compound open injuries of the wrist. Apropos of 15 cases]. PMID- 3231764 TI - [The value of compression screws in Bennett fractures. Apropos of a series of 44 case reports]. PMID- 3231765 TI - [A rare tunnel syndrome: paralysis of the posterior interosseous nerve. Apropos of 10 cases]. PMID- 3231766 TI - [Trapezectomy in the treatment of peritrapezial arthritis]. PMID- 3231767 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome in hemodialysis]. PMID- 3231769 TI - [Combined rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and the menisci of the knee. Surgical indications in the light of 163 knee arthroscopies]. PMID- 3231768 TI - [Muscle flap from the foot in tissue loss of the distal part of the lower limb. Anatomical study and technical application]. PMID- 3231771 TI - [Unicompartmental "Lotus" knee prosthesis. Analysis of the results of a series of 142 cases (of which 56 had a follow-up of more than 5 years)]. PMID- 3231770 TI - [Arthroscopy in post-traumatic hemarthrosis of the knee. Apropos of 173 cases]. PMID- 3231773 TI - [Biomechanical requirements of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee]. PMID- 3231772 TI - [Hemophiliac arthropathies of the knee with frontal plane deviation. Results of treatment with osteotomy for axial realignment]. PMID- 3231774 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament. Apropos of 78 cases]. PMID- 3231775 TI - [The early development of postoperative anterior instability]. PMID- 3231776 TI - [Measurement of anterior knee instability using dynamic radiography and the KT 1000 arthrometer]. PMID- 3231777 TI - [Mechanical resistance in flexion and in compression of the long bones irradiated with gamma rays]. PMID- 3231778 TI - [Preoperative evaluation of the extent of femoral head necrosis. Comparison of computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Apropos of 10 case reports]. PMID- 3231779 TI - [Support rings in prosthetic surgery of the hip]. PMID- 3231780 TI - [5-to-10-year results of Chiari's osteotomy in developing coxarthrosis]. PMID- 3231781 TI - [Visualization of femur stresses in monopodal support using the finite elements method (with or without prosthesis)]. PMID- 3231783 TI - [Metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis of the big toe using an axial compression screw. Apropos of a series of 46 cases]. PMID- 3231782 TI - [The use of BOP (Biocompatible Orthopedic Polymer) as an interface in total hip prosthesis]. PMID- 3231786 TI - [Osteosynthesis with an external fixator in 35 open and/or comminuted fractures of the ankle (tibial and bimalleolar supports)]. PMID- 3231785 TI - [The Helal procedure in the treatment of static metatarsalgia due to flatfoot]. PMID- 3231784 TI - [Retrospective study of a continuous series of 49 arthrodeses of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe]. PMID- 3231788 TI - [The Ilizarov method in the treatment of severe axial deviations of the limbs]. PMID- 3231787 TI - [Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesions of the astragalar dome]. PMID- 3231789 TI - [Vascularized periosteal grafts. Anatomic description, experimental study, preliminary report of clinical experience]. PMID- 3231790 TI - [Socio-professional incidents in orthopedic traumatology]. PMID- 3231791 TI - [Is there a radiologists behind the scanner console?]. PMID- 3231792 TI - [Intracapsular pressure in the hip in femoral neck fractures without displacement]. PMID- 3231793 TI - Intra-articular pressure of the hip joint in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. PMID- 3231794 TI - Gait efficiency after total hip replacement. PMID- 3231796 TI - [Rate of reoperation following total hip arthroplasty in arthrosis. Analysis of the survival of the prostheses]. PMID- 3231795 TI - [Preservation of the femoral cement cover in reoperations on hip prostheses]. PMID- 3231797 TI - [A study of cemented and non-cemented total hip prostheses. 4-year follow-up]. PMID- 3231798 TI - [A screwed-in cup... why? For whom? How? Experience of the S.O.R. (Societe Orthopedique Rochelaise). Apropos of 370 implantations]. PMID- 3231799 TI - Conservative treatment of fractures of the tibial condyles. PMID- 3231801 TI - [The Ilizarov technic with a radiotransparent external fixator in children. Apropos of 21 initial clinical cases]. PMID- 3231800 TI - [Repeat fractures of the femoral diaphysis following healing of an infected pseudarthrosis]. PMID- 3231802 TI - Displaced proximal humeral fractures treated by external fixation. PMID- 3231803 TI - [The role of computerized tomography in the study of calcaneus fractures]. PMID- 3231804 TI - [Value of the anterior approach in the treatment of fractures of the thoracolumbar spine]. PMID- 3231805 TI - [Chordoma of the cervical spine]. PMID- 3231806 TI - [Sciatica due to lateral stenosis of the lumbar canal]. PMID- 3231807 TI - [Value of the antero-lateral bilateral approach to the cervical spine in malignant tumor pathology]. PMID- 3231808 TI - [Functional results in C1-C2 arthrodesis of fractures of the odontoid process]. PMID- 3231809 TI - [Humeral head replacement with reconstruction of the tuberosities and the cuff in 4-fragment displaced fractures. Current results and technics]. PMID- 3231810 TI - Scoliosis in myelomeningocele. Significance of syringohydromyelia and Chiari malformations studied with magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3231811 TI - [Role of magnetic resonance imaging in studies of the spine]. PMID- 3231812 TI - [The value of various radiologic examination methods in studying benign osteoblastomas and osteoid osteomas of the spine. Apropos of 10 cases of osteoblastoma and 4 cases of osteoid osteoma]. PMID- 3231813 TI - Experimental evaluation of stabilizing reconstructions after lateral knee injuries. PMID- 3231814 TI - The effect on varus stability in knee when the reconstructions concerning posterolateral instability are performed. PMID- 3231815 TI - [An exposed knee prosthesis--treatment]. PMID- 3231816 TI - Correlation of patient's age, grade of arthrosis and degree of angle deformity correction to clinical results in high tibial osteotomy for gonarthrosis. PMID- 3231817 TI - Mechanical properties of bone-cement interface following prostaglandin-synthetase inhibition in rabbits. PMID- 3231818 TI - Bone density and bone strength--an ex vivo study on cadaver femora. PMID- 3231819 TI - Experimental instability of the elbow joint. PMID- 3231820 TI - [Osteotomy of the 2 bones of the forearm in children]. PMID- 3231821 TI - Displaced distal radius fractures. A comparative study of treatment by external fixation, dorsal plaster immobilisation and functional bracing in supination. PMID- 3231822 TI - [Total Guepar arthroplasty of the wrist in rhematoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 3231823 TI - [Major surgery of the sacrum. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3231824 TI - DNA analysis in the diagnosis of bone tumors. PMID- 3231826 TI - [Articular fractures of the fingers]. PMID- 3231825 TI - [Laboratory testing of 28 commercially available total hip prostheses]. PMID- 3231827 TI - [The role of tendon transfer in paralysis of the shoulder in children]. PMID- 3231828 TI - [The "open palm" in the treatment of Dupuytren's disease. Technic and indications]. PMID- 3231829 TI - [Treatment of severe loss of cutaneous tissue of the upper limb. The value of new technics]. PMID- 3231830 TI - [Tendon transfer for radial paralysis. Development of technics]. PMID- 3231831 TI - [Post-traumatic button syndrome caused by lesions of the extensor apparatus of the dorsum of the proximal interphalangeal joint]. PMID- 3231832 TI - [Extra-coracoid axillary approach to the gleno-humeral joint: an original approach to the shoulder]. PMID- 3231833 TI - [The trans-acromioclavicular approach with preservation of a digastric trapezo deltoid flap in surgery of the rotator cuff]. PMID- 3231834 TI - [Anterior medial approach in vertebrectomy of L1 and L2 with primary control of the aorta and the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 3231835 TI - [Role of osteosynthesis of the lumbar spine associated with the surgical treatment of narrow lumbar canal]. PMID- 3231836 TI - [True "thoracic" fractures]. PMID- 3231837 TI - [Orthopedic treatment of fractures of the dorsolumbar and lumbar spine with recoil of the posterior corpus wall (burst fracture) without or with minor neurologic lesions]. PMID- 3231838 TI - [Is antero-lateral dislocation of the lumbosacral spine a surgical indication?]. PMID- 3231840 TI - [Diagnosis of recurrent herniated disk using discographic scanning]. PMID- 3231841 TI - [The results of posterolateral lumbosacral arthrodesis]. PMID- 3231839 TI - [The value of polyglactin 910 in preventing peridural fibrosis and epiduro arachnoiditis following laminectomy. Experimental study in rats]. PMID- 3231842 TI - [Osteogenesis in distraction in animals submitted to anti-cancer chemotherapy. Experimental study in rabbits]. PMID- 3231843 TI - Black tobacco, wine and mate in oropharyngeal cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay. AB - A case-control study of oral and pharyngeal cancer involving interviews with 108 cases and 286 controls was carried out in the University Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay. The study was restricted to males and cases afflicted with lip, salivary gland and nasopharyngeal cancer were excluded. Point estimates of RR associated with smoking variables, alcohol variables, nutritional items and ingestion of hot infusions of the herb Ilex paraguariensis ('Mate') were obtained by logistic regression analysis. Dark tobacco smokers showed a RR 3.4 times higher than light tobacco users and heavy drinkers of wine displayed an OR of 17.2. Mate exposure showed a significant dose-response, after adjustment for age, tobacco and alcohol intake, with a fivefold increase in risk for heavy consumers. Joint exposure to black tobacco and wine displayed very high risks and no significant interactions were observed. The results suggest that the high rates of oropharyngeal cancer could be explained by the multiplicative effect of black tobacco smoking, wine drinking and mate ingestion. PMID- 3231844 TI - [Identification of risk factors of hypercholesterolemia in children--9-year follow-up]. AB - According to the hypothesis that atherosclerosis originates in childhood, it would be important for preventive purpose to identify and correct its risk factors among children, particularly hypercholesterolemia; 116 children belonging to a cohort of 556 children were found with total cholesterol level of greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl at least once during the first three years of life. These children at risk for hypercholesterolemia were followed up after nine years and compared with a control group of children having total cholesterol level of below 200 mg/dl and matched by sex and age. Both groups were submitted to a clinical examination, blood lipid determination, anthropometric measurements and were tested for food consumption. The average levels of total cholesterol (CT), triglycerides (TG), LDL-cholesterol, Apo B and CT/HDL-cholesterol (IA), Apo A/Apo B ratios were significantly higher among the children at risk, but HDL cholesterol was lower. Forty per cent of children at risk had the CT level greater than or equal to 190 mg/dl in comparison with 15% of controls. The proportion of IA greater than or equal to 4.5 was 30% for the group at risk versus 8% for controls. The supra-iliac skinfold thickness was higher among the children at risk. Likewise the mothers of children at risk had higher weight and Quetelet index than the controls. The energy intake provided by the saturated fatty acids was higher for the group at risk, having a CT greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl. The intake of proteins, carbohydrates and fibres was significantly different in the two groups. Amino-acids were consumed less among the children at risk. Only 10% of children follow the recommendation for the proportion of calories supplied by fats. These results suggest that the intervention should be undertaken on dietary habits of the child as well as of its family in order to lower the risk of hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 3231845 TI - [Leptospirosis and environment. Study of 2 major foci in New Caledonia]. AB - A study of human and animal leptospirosis was carried out in new Caledonia's two most important focuses. This survey showed an annual incidence in the human population of 8.8 p. thousand in the Nera basin and 0.88 p. thousand in the Coulee basin. Male adults with agricultural and livestock occupations are the most exposed, especially from March to May, the end of the hot season. Frequent contacts with fresh water and animals, and the failure to use of gloves and boots, significantly increase the risk of contamination. Two factors of severity are important: serotype and age. Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae is responsible for serious and fatal clinical forms and patients over 50 years of age have a maximum vital risk. In order to reduce the incidence and the severity of this disease, it appears desirable to vaccinate the farmers and the cattle breeders against L. icterohaemorrhagiae and to institute mass media information campaigns to warn against the risks of contamination. PMID- 3231846 TI - [Study of an epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea]. AB - Twenty three Clostridium difficile strains isolated from diarrheic faecal samples of 22 patients in a neurosurgical department of the Pellegrin Hospital in Bordeaux between January 1984 and May 1987 (15 isolated in 1984, 2 in 1985, 3 in 1986 and 3 in 1987) and 15 strains isolated from 15 patients in other departments of the same hospital in 1984 have been compared using their antimicrobial susceptibility, cytotoxin production and electrophoretic pattern. Twelve of the 15 strains isolated in the neurosurgical department and 4 of the 15 strains isolated in other departments in 1984 were phenotypically identical. These findings suggest that the origin of C. difficile associated-diarrheas can be nosocomial. PMID- 3231847 TI - [Identification and appreciation of the psychological distress in hospitalized elderly persons]. AB - We evaluated psychological distress in a survey of 398 geriatric medical inpatients, using the Symptom Distress Check-List (SCL-90). Predominant patterns of emotional response are depression, somatization and sleep disorders. Women scored higher than men for psychological suffering on many of the SCL-90 subscales. Those who lived alone, and those who entered the hospital with a neurological disturbance, scored higher for depression than the others. We briefly discussed the need for attention to psychological reactions in this setting. PMID- 3231848 TI - [Exhaustive epidemiological surveys of the general population]. PMID- 3231849 TI - [Health services decentralization in Spain: the case of Catalonia]. PMID- 3231851 TI - [Risk factors in maternal mortality in Algeria as seen from civil service records and hospital admission records]. PMID- 3231850 TI - [Epidemiological surveillance: experience in Aquitaine from a network of sentinel physicians]. PMID- 3231852 TI - [Flow rates, pressures and simultaneous use of various gases. Description of the type of central gas supply]. PMID- 3231853 TI - [Electricity]. PMID- 3231854 TI - [Required documentation for a project or renovation. Simplified calculations of dimensions]. PMID- 3231855 TI - [Tests]. PMID- 3231857 TI - [Gas lines according to the areas which they serve]. PMID- 3231856 TI - [The uses of various gases]. PMID- 3231859 TI - [Usefulness of exertion test to predict transient ambulatory myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 3231858 TI - [Incidence and characteristics of myocardial bridges detected in a series of 600 coronariographies]. PMID- 3231860 TI - [2-dimensional contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis and quantification of regurgitation disorders]. PMID- 3231861 TI - [Protosystolic mitral insufficiency detected by pulsed Doppler]. PMID- 3231862 TI - [Access to the left cavities in children: transseptal technic]. PMID- 3231863 TI - [Total anomalous systemic venous drainage into the left atrium: surgical repair]. PMID- 3231865 TI - [Percutaneous mitral and aortic valvuloplasty in a case of rheumatic mitral and aortic stenosis]. PMID- 3231864 TI - [Rapid elimination of thallium-201 induced by aminophylline]. PMID- 3231866 TI - [Arterial circulation in preservation of swine liver by simple perfusion and hypothermic storage]. PMID- 3231867 TI - [Histological function of the liver after corticoid administration]. PMID- 3231868 TI - [Prealbumin and gastric neoplasms]. PMID- 3231870 TI - [Physiological results of ileoanal anastomosis with endorectal reservoir]. PMID- 3231869 TI - [Shortening of the intra-abdominal segment of the lower esophageal sphincter in patients with gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 3231871 TI - [Delta virus of human hepatitis]. PMID- 3231872 TI - [Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix]. PMID- 3231874 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis and adenocarcinoma of the colon. Complications in a case of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3231873 TI - [Choledochoduodenal fistula secondary to duodenal ulcer: therapeutic approach]. PMID- 3231875 TI - [Anorectal melanomas. Presentation of 2 new cases]. PMID- 3231876 TI - [Pseudotumor form of idiopathic ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3231877 TI - [Metaraminol provocation test for familial Mediterranean fever]. PMID- 3231878 TI - Generational variability in the patterns of motor activity circadian rhythm in the rats. AB - Motor activity circadian rhythm of 32 rats belonging to three consecutive generations of rats from a laboratory strain, has been studied. This rhythm has been registered from the day of weaning (at 21 days) to at least 30 days after. The pattern of this rhythm has been analyzed by means of a Fourier analysis, by which the daily power spectrum of each rat was obtained. Based on the mean power spectrum of each animal, the variance among the different families and generations has been calculated. Results show that the variance increases in a statistically significant way with the succeeding generations. It can be suggested that in the third generation, the characteristics of the progenitors are dispersed, confirming the genetic character of the rhythm and suggesting a multigenic character for the transmission of the circadian rhythm of motor activity. PMID- 3231879 TI - Detection of changes in the mouse circadian rhythm induced by stress. AB - Mice were subjected to three types of acute stress (cold, forced swimming and tail hanging) in order to investigate the effects of stress on the motor activity circadian rhythm. This rhythm was studied using the cosinor method and spectral analysis. A statistically significant decrease in the amplitude and the power content of the circadian harmonic was found after stress application. These decreases could be due to a desynchronization of the circadian oscillators which drive the rhythm. The use of the power content of the circadian harmonic is proposed for the detection of the alterations due to stress. PMID- 3231880 TI - Effect of intrarenal infusion of synthetic PAF-acether in dogs. AB - The effect of intrarenal infusion of PAF-acether was studied in dogs. PAF-acether infusions caused a dose-dependent decrease in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow and urinary flow and electrolyte excretion, without significant changes in mean arterial pressures. In addition, the higher doses used caused also increases in packed cell volume, and decreases in plasma proteins and leukocyte and platelet count, whereas the lower doses did not elicit those changes. These data suggest that PAF-acether causes an impairment in renal function which is in part mediated by vasoactive substances released from platelets and leukocytes. PMID- 3231881 TI - Effects of short term experimental diabetes on brain serotonin metabolism. AB - Serotonin metabolism was studied in several brain regions of control and Streptozotocin-treated male Wistar rats. After induction of diabetes, the animals were killed at 24 hours. Concentrations of brain tryptophan show a generalized increase in all brain regions, being only significant in medulla-pons. Serotonin levels do not change, while 5-HIAA concentrations, as well as the ratio 5-HIAA/5 HT, show significant increases in medulla-pons and mid-brain. PMID- 3231882 TI - [Control of chlorophyll a synthesis by phytochrome and cryptochrome in the red alga Corallina elongata Ellis et Soland]. AB - Chlorophyll a synthesis in the red alga Corallina elongata is controlled by phytochrome and by a specific blue light photoreceptor. Although the estimated photoequilibrium of phytochrome is similar in blue and red light, the amount of chlorophyll accumulated is greater in blue light, which implies the action of cryptochrome, according to the criteria for the specific blue light photoreceptor involvement. The amount of chlorophyll synthesized is greater when the level of photoequilibrium approaches 65% (in blue and red light) than with higher levels (72.7% in white light and 70.8% in green light). The action of phytochrome is demonstrated by the induction of chlorophyll synthesis after red pulses and the reversion after far red pulses. The reversion is not complete but the percentage of reversibility is high (85-90%). The amount of chlorophyll accumulated is greater in darkness after the application of red light pulses than in white light after the same light pulses. The induction of chlorophyll synthesis is greater after red pulses than after continuous red light. The existence of a fast destruction of chlorophyll in continuous light is observed. This destruction is greater in the high photoequilibrium of phytochrome (70-72%). The turnover times and the induction mechanism of chlorophyll synthesis must be very fast. This indicates the existence of a possible rapid adaptation to the change in light quality and intensity in the marine system. PMID- 3231883 TI - Leucine absorption after jejunoileal bypass in rats. AB - Jejunal and ileal absorption of L-leucine has been studied in rats subjected to jejunoileal bypass and in sham-operated rats, for five minute periods, using a perfusion technique. Aminoacid concentrations were: 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 25 mM. In some experiments methionine was added to determine simple diffusion. The ratio of the active/diffusive components of absorption were calculated at the different luminal aminoacid concentrations in both groups of rats, showing that this ratio was lower in control animals. PMID- 3231884 TI - Acid-base balance and electrolyte concentration in blood during graded exhausting exercise in non-trained subjects. AB - Venous acid-base balance and electrolyte concentration during step-graded and exhausting exercise with a two-minute steady-state has been studied in a group of non-trained young men. The results showed a significant decrease in pH, pCO2 and bicarbonate and a significant increase in lactate, potassium, inorganic phosphate and proteins during the exercise. The supervening acidosis had a large anion gap that was of proportion with the increase in lactate values. We suggest that the total sum of other anions such as proteins, phosphate, pyruvate, citrate, free fatty acids and aminoacids, as well as sodium-hydrogen exchange could account for this acidosis. PMID- 3231885 TI - Effects of social isolation and crowding upon adrenocortical reactivity and behavior in the rat. AB - The effects of social isolation and crowding on adrenocortical function and upon behavioral responsiveness to electric shock have been studied in male and female rats. All female experimental groups showed higher corticosterone levels and heavier adrenals than their male counterparts. The major effect of housing condition concerned the corticosterone response to stress, while basal hormone concentration was not modified. Socially housed rats showed a more intense adrenocortical response and also a greater behavioral reactivity to electric shock than the isolates. PMID- 3231886 TI - Oxygen regulation capacity in Discoglossus pictus tadpoles between moderate hyperoxia and acute hypoxia in water. AB - The oxygen dependence of aquatic oxygen consumption was measured in active and anesthetized stage XVIII Discoglossus pictus tadpoles (Amphibia, Anura). The active tadpoles are good oxygen regulators in moderate hyperoxia and moderate hypoxia, whereas they are oxygen conformers in acute hypoxia. Critical oxygen pressure was 52 mmHg O2. Anesthetizing the larvae changes them to perfect oxygen conformers between moderate hyperoxia and moderate hypoxia (249-63 mmHg O2). At stage XVIII the aquatic respiratory organs are still capable of producing oxygen regulation when free access to air is denied. The marked capacity for oxygen regulation in D. pictus tadpoles is concordant with the strong hypoxic environments in which these animals usually live in nature. PMID- 3231887 TI - [Importance of changes in plasmatic volume in the evaluation of TSH, L-T3 and L T4, during muscular activity]. AB - The changes in plasma concentrations of TSH and thyroid hormones (L-T3 and L-T4), lactate, proteins and FFA were studied in 8 male volunteers undergoing maximal exercise during 12 min on the bicycle ergometer from 1 to 4 w/kg. Serial blood samples were taken at -30, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, +3, +15 and +30 min intervals. All samples for TSH, L-T3 and L-T4 measurements were processed by radioimmunoassay. The possibility of interference in the RIA determination, with protein and FFA, has been studied in this work. However, in men the available evidence suggests that protein and FFA do not play an important role of interference in the determination methodology of thyroid hormone levels. This interpretation is in accordance with the fact that in men, plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones are related to changes in plasmatic volume, the intensity and the extended duration of the exercise. PMID- 3231888 TI - [Functional reserve of the exocrine pancreas in chronic diseases of the liver]. PMID- 3231889 TI - [Iron overload in alcoholic hepatopathy: clinical implications and evaluation technics]. PMID- 3231891 TI - Outflow segment of the efferent arteriole of the rat glomerulus investigated by in vivo and electron microscopy. AB - In previous intravital microscopic studies of the hydronephrotic split kidney a narrow segment in the efferent arteriole at its origin from the glomerulus was observed. In the present study in vivo techniques were combined with transmission electron microscopy of thin sections to investigate the structural basis for the luminal narrowing. At the point where the efferent arteriole leaves Bowman's capsule prominent endothelial cells were found to bulge into the lumen of the vessel. These cells participate in the overall narrowing of the lumen at this site and appear to be responsible for the in vivo picture. However, the principal basis for the narrowing seems to be an extrinsic constriction of the vessel, possibly by extraglomerular mesangial cells located at the exit level. It is suggested that the outflow portion of the efferent arteriole may be an important site of control of glomerular blood flow. PMID- 3231890 TI - [Hepatic hydatidosis in Campania. Preliminary data on its spread and risk factors]. PMID- 3231892 TI - Effect of maleate on tubular protein reabsorption in dog kidneys. AB - To examine the effects on protein and electrolyte reabsorption of reducing the energy supply to the proximal tubules, an inhibitor of the citric acid cycle, maleate (600 mg.kg-1), was administered to anesthetized dogs during continuous ethacrynic acid infusion. One hour after infusion, maleate reduced renal oxygen consumption from 128 +/- 3 to 48 +/- 6 mumol.min-1. Comparisons at similar GFR showed that maleate reduced bicarbonate reabsorption by 65%, chloride reabsorption by 60% and phosphate reabsorption by 90%. Tubular reabsorption of lysozyme, determined by the 'trapped-label' method, was reduced by 97%. Total protein excretion in urine increased from 0.12 to 1.0 mg.min-1 and was not associated with a significant increase in brush border and lysosome marker enzymes. However, by superimposing a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide (100 mg.kg-1), electrolyte reabsorption was slightly further reduced but protein excretion increased to 2.7 mg.min-1, coincidentally with a dramatic increase in enzyme excretion: approximately 20-fold in the brush border enzymes, alanine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase, and 10-fold in the lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Our data indicate that maleate stops protein reabsorption without signs of acute tubular damage, whereas subsequent administration of acetazolamide results in tubular desquamation and albumin leakage. PMID- 3231893 TI - Effect of substrate-free albumin on perfused rat kidney function. AB - The effect of varying concentrations of substrate-free albumin (SFA) in the absence of exogenous substrate was investigated in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Consistent with starling relationship, there was a progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), from 778 +/- 36 to 41 +/- 17 microliters/min.g, and a progressive increase in fractional sodium reabsorption (%TNa+), from 31.1 +/- 0.9 to 82.6 +/- 2.3%, when the mean SFA concentration in the perfusate was increased from 3 to 10 g/dl. Perfusate flow rate (PFR) remained constant at 30 ml/min.g as the GFR decreased. When the mean perfusate SFA concentration was decreased from 3 g/dl to 0, the anticipated decrease in %TNa+ occurred but the increase in GFR did not. PFR was also reduced by one half when SFA was not present in the perfusion medium. The reason for the anomalous behavior of GFR and PFR when SFA was omitted from the perfusion medium is not clear. PMID- 3231894 TI - Influence of controlled breathing with diminished tidal volume on hypoxic heart rate response in man. AB - In 12 normal healthy males, the effect of preventing augmentation in tidal volume (VT) on the heart rate (HR) was examined during isocapnic progressive hypoxia. The amount of diminished tidal volume (delta VT) was 0.61 +/- 0.36 liters from the maximal VT value attained in the free breathing hypoxia. Hypoxic HR response in terms of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2)/HR response slope (delta HR/delta SaO2) was significantly decreased from the free to controlled breathing (p less than 0.05). The effective VT range for eliciting such a HR change appeared to be more than 1,000 ml as has been demonstrated in the Hering-Breuer reflex on ventilation in humans. However, the magnitude of delta HR/delta SaO2 decrement was not significantly correlated with delta VT, suggesting that the command signal from the higher nervous center interfered with the expected response. Contrary to the HR response, the hypoxic ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses were not significantly influenced by the controlled breathing. We conclude that the hypoxic HR response is significantly depressed by the diminished VT breathing. PMID- 3231895 TI - Pulmonary artery pressure in rats with hereditary platelet function defect. AB - Pulmonary vasoactivity of several biochemical components produced or stored in platelet was the justification for the study of pulmonary artery pressure in fawn hooded rats (FHR) with hereditary platelet storage pool deficiency. Anesthetized (pentobarbital 35 mg kg-1 i.p.) FHR had higher right ventricular systolic pressure compared with normal Wistar rats (NWR) matched in sex and age (57.7 +/- 6.8 vs. 34.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg; p less than 0.01). The incidence of higher pulmonary artery pressure (greater than means + 2 SD of NWR) was 68% among FHR. A significant difference was recorded between FHR and NWR in the relative weight of the right ventricle (0.092 +/- 0.021 vs. 0.048 +/- 0.001 g/100 g; p less than 0.05). Rise in pulmonary artery pressure in FHR after 4 weeks of normobaric hypoxia was found to be comparable to that seen posthypoxically in NWR. Morphological consequences of pulmonary hypertension, ranging from moderate medial hypertrophy of small arteries to muscularization of pulmonary arterioles, were recorded in about 50% of FHR with increased pulmonary artery pressure. PMID- 3231896 TI - Supine position and sleep loss each reduce prolonged maximal voluntary ventilation. AB - Because of the prevalence of supine posture and sleep deprivation in both health and disease, we wondered how each of them influences prolonged maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV). Accordingly, we compared 12-second, 1-min, and 10-min isocapnic MVV supine with that measured in the upright posture in 8 healthy subjects. MVV decreased 6-10% supine, independent of test duration (p less than 0.01). Although end-expiratory lung volume was 0.47 liter lower during supine resting breathing (p less than 0.001), end-expiratory lung volumes during short term MVV maneuvers were identical. To investigate any additional effect on MVV due to sleep loss, 12 healthy subjects performed 12-second, 1-min, and 30-min isocapnic MVV maneuvers in the supine position, either after normal sleep or after a 24-hour sleepless period. Sleep deprivation reduced MVV by 7-14%, again independent of test duration (p less than 0.05). Sleep loss also reduced the ventilation chosen to represent a submaximal (75%) breathing effect (p = 0.05), and it increased subjective ratings of fatigue and confusion (p less than 0.01). We conclude that supination and sleep deprivation together decrease both short- and long-term MVV by nearly 20%, with impairment of supination not caused by lung volume changes, and with the sleep loss effect occurring in tandem with a rise in the subjective assessment of breathing effort. PMID- 3231897 TI - Structural and functional changes in lung tissue of mice fed with beta aminopropionitrile fumarate, L-3-cis-hydroxyproline, and L-4-cis-hydroxyproline. AB - Structural and functional changes in lung tissue of mice fed with beta aminopropionitrile fumarate, L-3-cis-hydroxyproline, and L-4-cis-hydroxyproline. We fed 0.1% solutions of 3-cis-hydroxyproline (3cisHP), 4-cis-hydroxyproline (4cisHP) or beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate (beta APN) to 5-week-old mice for 1 month and studied the effect of each of these substances on the lung function and structure. Compared to control animals the compliance of the respiratory system in the mean was increased by 3-15% in the mice fed beta APN or 3cisHP, and decreased by 2-8% in the mice fed 4cisHP. On electron microscopial examination no overt morphological changes were detectable although as proven by biochemical analysis 3cisHP and 4cisHP were incorporated into the collagen of the mice who received these substances. We conclude that the effect of substances interfering with the normal production of collagen molecules depends on the kind of collagen affected and on the rate of collagen turnover. PMID- 3231898 TI - Maximum respiratory pressures in morbidly obese subjects. AB - Maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures were measured at residual volume, total lung capacity, and functional residual capacity in 45 morbidly obese patients who on average weighed 183% of their predicted weights. The pressures were compared to determinations made in 25 subjects of similar age whose mean weight was 99% of predicted. For both men and women, pressures generated by control subjects tended to be higher than those produced by obese patients but the differences were not statistically significant. The mean vital capacity and total lung capacity were also similar in the 2 subject groups. The results indicate that despite working constantly against a less compliant chest wall, obese patients do not increase their capacity to generate maximal respiratory pressures. PMID- 3231900 TI - Interstitial lung disease and bronchial hyperreactivity. Selected papers from the meeting of the Italian Chapter of AACP. American College of Chest Physicians. Parma, May 26-27, 1987. PMID- 3231899 TI - Relationship between forced expiratory flow and tracheal sounds. Possible effect of vortices on flow. AB - We measured both tracheal sounds and forced expiratory flows simultaneously in 20 normal subjects and 4 patients with stenosis of the main bronchus. Spectral analysis of the tracheal sounds revealed development of discrete line spectra, the frequencies of which ranged between 488 and 942 Hz. There was a positive correlation between these frequencies and the peak flows (r = 0.601). We speculate that the origin of these line spectra are vortices rather than the vibrations of the wall. It is postulated that the pressure drops caused by vortices make the airways more susceptible to collapse and may lead to flow limitation. PMID- 3231901 TI - Treatment of heart failure following chronic cor pulmonale with ibopamine. AB - A group of 36 patients with cor pulmonale chronicum were treated for 12 months with ibopamine, a dopamine-related drug, orally active, suitable for the long term therapy of congestive heart failure. In heart failure due to chronic pulmonary disease other drugs such as digitalis are hardly effective. The results obtained indicate that ibopamine, given alone or associated to other drugs, is clinically efficient in the treatment of cor pulmonale chronicum while very few side effects definitely related to ibopamine were reported. In particular no increase in arrhythmias or significant augmentation of anginal episodes was noted. PMID- 3231902 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. Analysis of six cases in comparison with other interstitial lung diseases. AB - We describe 6 patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) investigated clinically and by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The BAL findings of these 6 patients were compared with those of 293 patients with other interstitial lung diseases (ILD): 184 with sarcoidosis, 63 with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 46 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In patients with CEP, BAL analysis was characterized by a markedly increased number of eosinophils (mean +/- 1 SD: 54.2 +/- 26.4 of effector cells; in control subjects, eosinophils were less than 1% of effector cells). In patients with other ILD, BAL fluid analysis showed a significant increase in the percentage of eosinophils only in the group of IPF, but in IPF the increased number of eosinophils is linked with a significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils. These findings indicate that besides the classic patterns of lymphocytosis or polymorphonuclear leukocytosis, a predominantly eosinophilic pattern may also be present in the BAL fluid. Moreover, BAL may contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of lung tissue damage in CEP. PMID- 3231903 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage: clinical role and quantitative assessment. AB - The field of research bronchoalveolar lavage has grown exponentially in the past decade. Despite this growth, the clinical role of lavage is uncertain. The authors review the clinical areas in which lavage has made its greatest impact as a diagnostic test (e.g. eosinophilic pneumonia, eosinophilic granuloma, alveolar proteinosis, infection, and neoplasia). The importance of the test early in the evaluation of undiagnosed diffuse alveolar diseases is considered. Finally we discuss the possibility that urea marks the recovered lining fluid volume and thus serves as a standard denominator. Results from our laboratory indicate that it does not. We feel that lavage is clinically useful and should be employed in the evaluation of undiagnosed diseases. Although it has provided data about the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, its role in the longitudinal evaluation of these illnesses remains to be proven. PMID- 3231904 TI - Study of immune complexes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. AB - Immune complexes (IC) were investigated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) of 5 patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), 11 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 16 with sarcoidosis (S) by three different methods: C1Q-BA, KgB, AKgB-MA. Using AKgB-MA, it is possible to identify the class of antibodies forming the IC. IC were present in all cases of HP, in 8/11 (73%) of IPF and in 10/16 (62%) of S. However, the three tests showed discordant results for the three different diseases: C1Q-BA and KgB-SP were both positive in 40%, AKgB-MA in 80% of HP cases; C1Q-BA in 73%, KgB-SP in 9% and AKgB-MA in 46% of IPF cases; C1Q-BA in 31%, KgB-SP in 12% and AKgB-MA in 31% of S cases. In all of the diseases, the IC were mostly composed of IgG; moreover, in HP IgA was also frequently present. The determination of IC in different fractions obtained from BAL ultracentrifugation, confirmed the simultaneous presence of IC of different molecular weights and antibody composition. Lung transbronchial biopsy with immunofluorescence showed immunoglobulin, prevalently IgG, and C, in all HP cases, the majority of IPF cases and 50% of S cases. This confirms the importance of IC in the pathogenesis and/or evolution of some pulmonary diseases. PMID- 3231906 TI - Transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative lung diseases. AB - We investigated 801 patients with lung infiltrates who underwent transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) and performed cytologic studies of lavage fluid of 491 patients who also underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). A specific histopathological diagnosis was made in 232 cases (29%). Histopathological changes consistent with the clinical pattern were present in 296 cases (37%). The diagnostic yield of TBB was 66%. Routine evaluation of BAL fluid allowed us to make a specific diagnosis in 49 cases. The role of the pulmonary pathologist in the interpretation of TBB and BAL specimens is discussed. PMID- 3231905 TI - Mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in sarcoidosis: correlation with alveolar lymphocytes. AB - Today it is believed that mast cells (MC) are important not only in IgE-mediated reactions, but also in delayed hypersensitivity reactions, and that their functions are mediated by factors released by T lymphocytes. Recent studies have shown their presence in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with asthma and interstitial lung disease. MC have been identified by us in the BAL of patients with sarcoidosis and lung cancer, and in controls. A statistically significant correlation has been found between MC and lymphocytes, CD3+ and CD4+ cells present in BAL, thus supporting the hypothesis of interactions between T lymphocytes and MC in immune reactions at the alveolar level. PMID- 3231907 TI - Tumor necrosis factor release by pulmonary alveolar macrophages. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a monokine with cytotoxic and tumor-necrosing activities that may play a role in host defence against malignancies. The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AMs) to release TNF. To accomplish this, a cytotoxicity assay specific for TNF detection was applied, using as targets actinomycin-D-pretreated WEHI 164 murine sarcoma cells. AMs mediated cytotoxicity levels comparable to those mediated by autologous blood monocytes (BMs). In addition, cytotoxicity was accounted for by a soluble factor released by effector cells and was completely inhibited by the addition of anti-TNF antibodies. These results indicate that AMs are able to release TNF. Moreover, since TNF has now been recognized as an important mediator of inflammation, its production by AMs suggests that this monokine might play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of nonmalignant lung disorders. PMID- 3231908 TI - Cystoid macular edema following extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. AB - The outcome of clinical cystoid macular edema (CME) was studied in 20 symptomatic eyes in which extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation had been performed. Resolution of symptoms and apparent resolution of the macular edema were observed in 18 (90%) of the 20 cases. Clearing occurred within one year in 14 (78%) of these 18 eyes and in 17 (94%) within two years. In all eyes in which macular edema resolved, visual acuity returned to 20/40 or better. This study suggests that clinical cystoid macular edema occurring in association with a posterior chamber intraocular lens has a relatively favorable course. PMID- 3231909 TI - Spontaneous disappearance of white retinal changes after dissection of epiretinal macular membranes. AB - The authors documented, with serial fundus photographs, the gradual, spontaneous disappearance of white retinal changes after epiretinal macular membrane dissection in three cases. These cases illustrate the continued evolution of the fundus appearance weeks to months after removal of epiretinal membranes. These white changes may simulate residual epiretinal membrane tissue. PMID- 3231910 TI - Autosomal dominant pattern dystrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Intrafamilial variability. AB - Three members of a family were affected by a pattern dystrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium transmitted by autosomal dominant inheritance. In addition to grossly impaired electro-oculograms and normal electroretinograms, the patients showed lesions of the fundus of the eye recalling those seen in Best's disease, multifocal Best's disease, and pattern dystrophies. The intrafamilial variability of the fundus lesions showed by this pattern dystrophy demonstrates the problems in the diagnosis of some dystrophies of this group. PMID- 3231911 TI - Vitreous hemorrhage and the Valsalva maneuver in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. AB - A 59-year-old man with bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy underwent fluorescein angiography as a baseline study. Soon after intravenous injection of fluorescein, the patient had an extended episode of vomiting resulting in bilateral vitreous hemorrhages. Photographic evidence is presented that confirms the clinical impression that vitreous hemorrhage may be precipitated by a Valsalva maneuver. PMID- 3231912 TI - Choroidal malignant melanoma with early vitreous seeding. AB - Primary choroidal malignant melanoma with extension through the overlying retina is a rarely reported entity, and to our knowledge actual seeding of the vitreous has never been reported. The pathologic findings in a 41-year-old woman who presented with a large amelanotic subretinal mass near the optic disc of the right eye are discussed. Fundus examination preoperatively revealed a concentration of discrete, fleshy, oval to round, vitreous bodies of varying size, limited to the area overlying the mass. Histopathology of this tumor revealed a spindle cell posterior choroidal melanoma with marked atrophy of the overlying retina. At the apex, the retina was discontinuous and melanoma cells extended into the overlying vitreous. Some of the cells surrounded asteroid bodies overlying the tumor, altering their clinical appearance. This behavior, while only involving a small fraction of the tumor cells, may imply a more aggressive tumor. PMID- 3231914 TI - Dispersion of the layered hyphema using a flute needle. PMID- 3231915 TI - Chorioretinal lesions produced by the different wavelengths of the dye laser. PMID- 3231913 TI - Uptake and clearance of 5-fluorouridine following subconjunctival and intravitreal injection. AB - Described are some pharmacokinetic parameters for 5-fluorouridine, a potentially useful intermediate metabolite of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), following subconjunctival and intravitreal injection in the pigmented rabbit. Immediately following a 500 microgram intravitreal injection of 3H-5-fluorouridine, a peak ipsilateral vitreous concentration of 308 micrograms/ml was measured. This decreased to 199 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 33 micrograms/ml at 12 hours and 4.4 micrograms/ml at 24 hours, indicating that 5-fluorouridine is cleared from the vitreous at a rate similar to 5-fluorouracil. Aqueous concentrations in the ipsilateral eye reached a maximum at 6 hours (9.6 micrograms/ml) and decreased to 0.8 micrograms/ml at 24 hours. Following subconjunctival injection of 5 mg 3H-5 fluorouridine (0.5 ml), peak ipsilateral anterior chamber concentration of 10.7 micrograms/ml was measured 1 hour after injection and decreased to 2.4 micrograms/ml after 12 hours. Maximum vitreal concentrations of 1.7 micrograms/ml were measured 12 hours after injection. PMID- 3231916 TI - Calcium oxalate retinopathy associated with methoxyflurane abuse. AB - A 34-year-old woman developed a crystalline retinopathy after 2 years of inhalational abuse of methoxyflurane. After the woman developed renal failure, a renal biopsy showed multiple birefringent crystals in the renal tubular lumens, epithelial cells, and interstitium compatible with calcium oxalate. Multiple bright yellow-white crystals were deposited throughout the retina and at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium with a retinal arterial and periarterial predilection. This is the first reported case of methoxyflurane abuse with secondary hyperoxaluria in which there was a widespread retinal distribution of crystalline deposits, especially along the retinal arteries and arterioles. PMID- 3231917 TI - Recovery following acute obstruction of the retinal and choroidal circulations. A case history. AB - The authors report a 70-year-old man who presented with a combined obstruction of both the central retinal artery and the lateral posterior ciliary artery that spontaneously reperfused after 4 days of documented ischemia. Despite this prolonged period of decreased perfusion, visual acuity improved from light perception to 20/30 with the re-establishment of normal retinal and choroidal blood flow as documented with intravenous fluorescein angiography. The theory of retinal tolerance time to obstruction of the central retinal artery and its bearing on possible therapeutic interventions are discussed. PMID- 3231918 TI - Focal photocoagulation of diabetic macular edema. A clinicopathologic case report. AB - This is the first reported clinicopathologic correlation of focal photocoagulation treatment in a diabetic patient treated as part of the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Twenty focal argon laser burns were evaluated clinically in their acute and chronic stages, and histopathologically more than 3 years after exposure. Damage profiles of the lesions were reconstructed from serial tissue sections. In single burns the outer nuclear layer defect measured 78 +/- 31 microns, in confluent burns 257 +/- 73 microns. Inner nuclear layer defects were present only in lesions that clinically, during their acute stage, showed a white center or a white collar around the treated target. Fibrous subretinal and subpigment epithelial membranes extended from the burn centers for a distance of up to 900 microns and contained Muller cell processes as identified by immunostaining. These findings confirm the empirical rationale of current focal treatment, but also, because of the apparent risk of membrane formation, urge caution when treating close to the fovea. PMID- 3231919 TI - Chorioretinal lesions in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. Clinicopathologic correlations. AB - The authors examined an eye obtained post-mortem from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood and clinically apparent chorioretinal scars. Histologic examination disclosed numerous chorioretinal scars with associated retinal pigment epithelial changes and glial proliferation. Special stains for bacteria and fungi were negative. Additional findings were scattered pigment containing macrophages found in the patient's spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, lungs, kidney, thymus, choroid, and retina. The significance of the pigmented macrophages is unknown, however they may represent an abortive macrophage response to infectious agents. PMID- 3231920 TI - Proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Ultrastructural study of 20 retroretinal membranes removed by vitreous surgery. AB - The authors studied the transmission electron microscopy characteristics of retroretinal membranes surgically removed from 20 human eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Retinal pigment epithelium was the predominant cell type. Other cells included fibrocytes, macrophages, fibrous astrocytes, and myofibrocytes. Fibrin and collagen were also present. The cellular and extracellular constituents of these retroretinal membranes are similar to findings in previous reports of retroretinal membranes removed during vitreous surgery, as well as experimentally induced retroretinal membranes in animals. PMID- 3231921 TI - Idiopathic retinal gliosis mimicking a choroidal melanoma. AB - A 37-year-old woman has followed for more than 10 years with an amelanotic peripheral intraocular tumor. This solitary lesion grew slowly and, because of the possibility of an amelanotic melanoma, the eye was enucleated. Histopathology revealed a localized "massive" retinal gliosis (MRG). Immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were positive. Electron microscopy showed a highly fibrillar component and basement membrane formation in the extracellular space. Proliferating cells contained abundant fine filaments. These findings confirmed the glial origin of the proliferating cells. The previously undefined relationship of these localized forms of MRG with solitary astrocytomas is discussed. PMID- 3231923 TI - [1st European Congress of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Cervico-Facial Surgery. Paris, 26-29 September 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3231922 TI - An illuminated air-fluid switch for vitrectomy. AB - An illuminated air-fluid switch has been developed to replace the tri-stopcock used for air-fluid exchange during vitrectomy. This system eliminates any confusion that might occur in the darkened operating room during vitrectomy. PMID- 3231924 TI - Metaauthorship. PMID- 3231925 TI - [Segmental abnormalities of left ventricular contraction in dilated cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3231926 TI - [Actinomycosis: experience with 8 representative cases of the clinical spectrum]. PMID- 3231928 TI - [Torsade de pointes: clinical experience of 9 patients]. PMID- 3231927 TI - [Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in blunt abdominal trauma]. PMID- 3231929 TI - [Comparative study of radiology and bone scintigraphy in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3231930 TI - [Etiology of infective endocarditis]. PMID- 3231931 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis treated with penicillamine and bronchiolitis obliterans]. PMID- 3231932 TI - [Gastric atony after vagotomy]. PMID- 3231933 TI - [Protection against ionizing radiation at hospitals]. PMID- 3231934 TI - [Efficiency indexes of human resources in the technical area of a health service. II: Needs of nursery, midwifery and service personnel]. PMID- 3231935 TI - The use of digitalis in primary health care (in general practice) PMID- 3231936 TI - Management of digitalis therapy in a primary care area. AB - A retrospective study of 323 patients on digitalis therapy was performed in the primary care area of Skelleftea health district with the highest prescription of cardiac glycosides. The study comprised 90% of all patients on digitalis. Indications for treatment and the underlying heart disease were especially scrutinized. In one-third of all patients no underlying heart disease was defined and in about half of them the effectiveness of treatment was poorly documented. The study underlines the importance of defining the indication for treatment combined with a subsequent careful evaluation of the therapy in order to optimize treatment with cardiac glycosides. PMID- 3231937 TI - The pattern of attendance at general practice in the years before the diagnosis of cervical cancer. A case control study. AB - The study concerned a nation-wide Danish investigation of 519 women who received the diagnosis of cancer of the cervix uteri in 1983. Data on doctor-contact patterns during the single year, and for the 3 years pre-diagnosis were obtained on 428 of the women (82%), and a comparison was made with an age- and practice matched control group. Significantly more patients than controls had had no doctor contact, and their odds rate for cancer development was higher than that of the patients who had had at least one contact with their general practitioner during the previous one or three years. Those patients with more advanced stages of cancer, those who had never had a cytological examination, and those living in counties without organized screening programmes were in general the ones with fewest doctor-contacts, and the odds rates for cancer development among the no contact patients were highest in these groups. No doctor-contact was more common among patients living in counties without organized screening programmes, and these women represented a relatively higher risk group than those living in counties with organized screening. More women are thus caught in the organized screening net, compared with unsystematized screening. The findings support systematic rather than opportunistic unsystematic screening for cancer of the cervix. PMID- 3231938 TI - A validation of cause of death certification for ischaemic heart disease in two Swedish municipalities. AB - The aim of this study was to examine whether observed high mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) among males in the municipality of Hofors, Sweden, is accurate, or the result of some artefact. The validity of death certificates from Hofors municipality and from a control area (Gavle) were ascertained by comparing them with medical records from hospitals and district physician offices, and reports from clinical or medicolegal autopsies. The results indicate that the observed high mortality from IHD among Hofors males cannot be explained by deficiencies in establishing the cause of death. Results from other validity studies indicate, however, that there is a risk of local variation when reporting causes of death. In many instances this motivates checking the validity of data before they are incorporated into official statistics and used as a basis for planning. PMID- 3231939 TI - Mortality from stroke among women in a Swedish community, Stromstad. Evaluation of data obtained from official death certificate registers broken down to the community level. AB - The present paper is an example of an active way of delivering primary health care. Data obtained from the Bureau of Central Statistics on mortality, based on death certificates during the years 1969-1978, were broken down to community level within the County of Goteborg and Bohus. A significantly increased total mortality was observed among women in the community of Stromstad in the northern part of the county, as well as an increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases, especially cerebrovascular diseases. Similar observations were made for the neighbouring communities. In order to evaluate the diagnoses stated in the death certificates, records from patients who died of cerebrovascular disease during the years 1970-1979 were studied. Out of 146 women in whom cerebrovascular disease was stated as main cause of death, it was possible to draw conclusions about diagnosis of death in 140. The vast majority of the subjects had correctly been given the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. Based on this "community diagnosis", a special preventive program has been started in the community of Stromstad. PMID- 3231941 TI - Diagnostic vacuum aspiration curettage and biopsy without anaesthesia in general practice. AB - A questionnaire study was made of the pain and discomfort from vacuum aspiration (vabra) of the cervix/uterus without anaesthetic treatment, and the desire of medication/hospitalization in case of a repeated operation. Forty-eight women described a medium pain (4.1 on a scale from 0-9), and a medium discomfort (3.5 on a similar scale). Forty-six women were content to have had the operation carried out by their general practitioner, and 44 women declared that they would prefer to have the operation carried out by their general practitioner if it had to be repeated. The women did not express a desire for hospitalization or anaesthesia. The results indicate that examinations carried out by a general practitioner, who is well known to the patient, cause less strain than examinations carried out elsewhere, and that vacuum aspiration is more gentle to the body than conventional curettage. PMID- 3231940 TI - Clinical assessment of pharyngitis in general practice. AB - The present study investigates the feasibility of the clinical differentiation between patients with beta-haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis from those with pharyngitis caused by other agents, based on the patients' symptoms, symptom duration, and the clinical findings. Twenty-four general practitioners recruited 225 patients for the study. Fifty-six patients had positive and 169 patients negative group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal throat cultures. Twenty-two patients in the streptococcal group and 76 patients in the non-streptococcal group were initially correctly diagnosed based on an overall clinical assessment (sensitivity 0.39, specificity 0.55 and accuracy 0.51). This is as accurate as "flipping a coin". Similar figures were found with regard to the individual symptoms (accuracy 0.38-0.68) and clinical findings (accuracy 0.36-0.65). Taking the duration of symptoms into account and applying discriminant function analysis did not significantly improve these figures. In order to obtain a sufficiently accurate diagnosis in general practice, the use of the new rapid agglutination test for streptococcal identification is recommended. PMID- 3231942 TI - Children admitted for observation for suspected meningitis. Problems in diagnosis in general practice. AB - Infectious diseases in children are common in general practice. It is crucial not to overlook a case of purulent meningitis, and the aim of the present study was to evaluate and suggest ways of improving the diagnostic ability of the general practitioners in this respect. During a seven-year period 157 children under the age of 16 years, out of a population of 10,500 children, were referred from general practice to a district hospital for observation with symptoms and signs that suggested a possible diagnosis of meningitis. Seventy-eight underwent lumbar puncture, but only 14 of them received a final diagnosis of purulent meningitis. During the same period three other children proved to be cases of purulent meningitis, though they had been referred with other diagnosis. Twenty children had aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. The clinical findings in the groups of children with and without purulent meningitis were very similar, but an impaired level of consciousness and presence of petechiae were commoner in the former. Children with purulent meningitis had a significantly shorter duration of symptoms than children without meningitis. The present study could not suggest any ways of improving the referral procedures. PMID- 3231944 TI - Comprehensiveness of primary care. PMID- 3231943 TI - Evaluation of serum separator tubes as a mail transport device in primary health care. AB - Serum separator tubes were evaluated as a serum separator system and a mail transport device. Using conventional tubes as controls, 26 serum constituents were examined. The samples were mailed from three different general practitioners to a central laboratory. Thirteen constituents had concentrations that were significantly different from the concentration in the conventional tubes. When medically important coefficients of variations were taken into account, however, the changes of only two constituents (potassium and cobalamin) were regarded as important. PMID- 3231945 TI - Inborn/outborn status and neonatal survival: a meta-analysis of non-randomized studies. AB - We have applied meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between birth place and the likelihood of neonatal survival, for infants of low birth weight (less than 2501 grams) in a series of 19 non-randomized studies. This paper illustrates the utility meta-analysis in evaluating medical technologies described in non randomized studies, if proper attention is given to biases in those studies. The results of this meta-analysis show strong preferences for inborn status, especially for infants who weigh 1001-2000 grams. For infants of lower or higher birth weight (that is, less than 1001 or greater than 2000 grams), the studies are inconsistent: some favour inborn status while others favour outborn status. This heterogeneity is not surprising, because selection bias is more problematic in studies of infants at these birth weights. We discuss potential causes of and solutions to selection bias and illustrate its potential magnitude by introducing the bias factor, which should be considered in the design of future studies. When selection bias cannot be ruled out, the results shown for those who weigh 1001 2000 grams are more appropriate for generating valid conclusions and subsequent policies regarding birth place preference for low birth weight infants. PMID- 3231946 TI - Bayesian analysis of case-control studies. AB - A Bayesian approach to the estimation of an odds ratio from case-control data is considered. The exact posterior density of the odds ratio and its moments are derived. A log-normal approximation to the density is shown to be adequate for practical purposes. Mechanisms for setting prior parameters are discussed and some examples are presented. PMID- 3231947 TI - Stopping rules and estimation problems in clinical trials. AB - Stopping rules in clinical trials can lead to bias in point estimation of the magnitude of treatment difference. A simulation exercise, based on estimation of the risk ratio in a typical post-myocardial infarction trial, examines the nature of this exaggeration of treatment effect under various group sequential plans and also under continuous naive monitoring for statistical significance. For a fixed treatment effect the median bias in group sequential design is small, but it is greatest for effects that the trial has reasonable power to detect. Bias is evidently greater in trials that stop early and is dramatic under naive monitoring for significance. Group sequential plans lead to a multimodal sampling distribution of treatment effect, which poses problems for incorporating their estimates into meta-analyses. By simulating a population of trials with treatment effects modelled by an underlying distribution of true risk ratios, a Bayesian method is proposed for assessing the plausible range of true treatment effect for any trial based on interim results. This approach is particularly useful for producing shrinkage of the unexpectedly large and imprecise observed treatment effects that arise in clinical trials that stop early. Its implications for trial design are discussed. PMID- 3231948 TI - A quantitative study of the bias in estimating the treatment effect caused by omitting a balanced covariate in survival models. AB - This paper discusses the quantitative aspects of bias in estimates of treatment effect in survival models when there is failure to adjust on balanced prognostic variables. A simple numerical example of this bias is given along with approximate formulae for its calculation in the multiplicative exponential survival model. The accuracy of the formulae is checked by simulation. In addition, approximate calculations and simulations of power loss and the effects of omitting more than one prognostic covariate are presented. The Weibull and Cox models are also examined using simulation. Study of this bias is pertinent to much applied work, and shows that the effect of omitting balanced covariates can be modest unless the variables are strongly prognostic or many in number. This work emphasizes the need for thorough comparisons of adjusted and unadjusted analyses for sensible interpretation of treatment effects. PMID- 3231949 TI - Non-parametric analysis of treatment-covariate interaction in the presence of censoring. AB - The demonstration of varying treatment efficacy among different subsets of patients is an important part of the analysis of clinical trials. The paper commences by clarifying the meaning of interaction and by reviewing valid procedures of analysis in the presence of interaction. Suitable descriptive measures of treatment-covariate interactions are (ratios of) hazard ratios to which generalized Patel-Hoel tests for qualitative or ordinal categorical covariates are related. Both the hazard ratios and the tests are given in a formulation for use with different scoring systems such as u- or e. Furthermore, the procedures are related to common k-sample tests and thus are suitable for proportional and for converging hazards. A worked example is included. PMID- 3231950 TI - A statistical assessment of clinical equivalence. AB - An observed confidence distribution is proposed as a measure of strength of evidence for practically equivalent efficacies of two treatments. The concept is independent of prior opinions about relevant sizes of a difference in efficacy. It also avoids retrospective power calculations for trials with missed recruitment goals and allows combination of the confidence from independent experiments. PMID- 3231951 TI - On sample sizes to estimate the protective efficacy of a vaccine. AB - To estimate vaccine protective efficacy, defined as VE = 1 - ARV/ARU where ARV is the disease attack rate in the vaccinated group and ARU is the disease attack rate in the controls, investigators have used both cohort and case-control designs. For each design, we present a method for calculation of the sample size required to provide an approximate confidence interval for VE of predetermined width and probability of coverage. The required sample size is a function of the desired width of the confidence interval, the probability of coverage, the assumed VE, and, for cohort designs, the assumed disease attack rate in the controls, and for case-control designs, the assumed vaccine exposure prevalence for the controls. PMID- 3231952 TI - Doubling the one-sided P-value in testing independence in 2 x 2 tables against a two-sided alternative. AB - Dupont investigated the advantages of doubling the one-sided P-value in conducting a two-sided test of independence in a 2 x 2 table and claimed that the main advantage was that, unlike the 'exact' P-value, small changes in the table resulted in small changes in the significance. He admitted that this practice had no obvious theoretical justification. In this paper, I take the view that repeated sampling properties should form the basis of any such justification. I develop an appropriate framework for studying P-values and show that doubling the one-sided P-value produces a biased test whenever the table is asymmetric. I show how one may derive a slightly more complicated P-value from a uniformly most powerful test. While there are difficulties in interpreting these P-values, I argue that, in principle, one should prefer the latter. In practice the difference between the two is typically less than 10 per cent (for the tables Dupont considered, the difference is of the order of 1 per cent) but with highly skew tables the difference can be much larger. PMID- 3231953 TI - Rotator cuff injuries in baseball. Prevention and rehabilitation. AB - Rotator cuff and ligamentous capsule injuries are common in the young baseball player. In order to understand these injuries, it is important to first appreciate the delicate balance between shoulder mobility and stability as well as the biomechanics of throwing. This background information makes it easy to see how shoulder injuries are really part of a progressive continuum beginning with instability leading to subluxation, and later impingement which can result in a rotator cuff tear. A detailed and precise history and physical is crucial in determining where a patient might be on the continuum. An accurate evaluation will also help appropriately place a patient in one of the following 4 groups: pure impingement, anterior instability due to trauma with secondary impingement, anterior stability due to a hyperelasticity with secondary impingement, and pure anterior instability. A kinesiological repair is the initial treatment of choice. It is the best preventative or early treatment available, and consists of a specific strengthening programme. If this fails (as in only 5 to 10% of the cases), an anatomical repair is instituted. There are 4 basic guidelines when doing this surgery: (a) maintain muscle attachments and proprioceptive fibres; (b) do not shorten the capsule significantly; (c) build up the anterior labrum; and (d) regain full range of motion quickly through abduction splinting and rehabilitation. A postoperative rehabilitation programme is then diligently adhered to, as it is at least as important as the surgery itself. PMID- 3231954 TI - [The anterior horn of the spinal cord and its pathology. International Neurology Meeting. Paris, 11-12 June 1987. Proceedings]. PMID- 3231955 TI - Critical periods in the development of motoneurons. AB - We define "critical periods" in motoneuron development as periods when neurons can express a particular aspect of their sequence of differentiation only within a limited time interval. Embryonic rat motoneurons were axotomized and their survival and capacity to regenerate their axons studied at later times. A critical period of absolute target dependence extended from embryonic day 14 (E14) until E17. All motoneurons axotomized during this interval died, while cells axotomized earlier or later could survive. During the period E18- postnatal day 14 (PN14) regenerating motoneurons accurately reinnervated motor unit territories of normal size, and intact motoneurons did not exhibit collateral sprouting in response to denervation of adjacent muscle fibres. After PN21, muscle fibres were reinnervated in a spatially indiscriminate manner, and collateral sprouting occurred in response to partial denervation of muscles. We conclude that adult motoneurons have a powerful capacity to reinnervate denervated muscles, even in an inappropriate manner, in contrast to motoneurons in neonates which can recapitulate embryogenesis and accurately reinnervate their proper motor unit territories. PMID- 3231956 TI - A hypothesis for the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - The microscopic pathology of spinal cord and brain in ALS has suggested that the earliest abnormality is a progressive depletion of dendritic neurofilaments leading to dendritic atrophy, vulnerability to breakage and attrition. We hypothesize that this in turn will lead to shrinkage and eventual death of the perikaryon. This hypothesis could explain the preferential vulnerability of the spinal, corticospinal and cortico-bulbar neurons to damage and death in ALS because only these neurons contain conspicuous bundles of neurofilaments in dendrites. Agents or factors that could subvert the transport or the integrity of dendritic neurofilaments should be sought in ALS. PMID- 3231957 TI - [Biochemical and immunocytochemical study of the axonal domain of mature and immature microtubules]. AB - The axonal domain of microtubules was analyzed using biochemistry and immunocytochemistry. High resolution isofocusing was used to study the cold labile and cold-stable fractions of various samples: thalamus, optic nerve, sciatic nerve, brachial plexus and trigeminal nerve. The cold-labile fraction from the thalamus, i.e. from a central nervous system cell population contains 20 well-resolved isotypes as the axonal fraction from the central nervous system. The cold-stable fraction from the peripheral nervous system contains only 18 isotypes. All the cold-stable fractions are characterized by an important relative quantity of isotypes 7-9, with specific patterns tissue dependent. The cold-labile fractions are specific in both the central and peripheral nervous system. Immunocytochemistry using anti-tubulin and anti-MAP2 specific antibodies was used in PEG semi-thin sections of the embryonic tectal plate at stage E10. In the axonal profiles, cold-stable fragments of microtubules were observed. The perikaryon of the young neurons, both migrating and post-migratory, contains MAP2 as the cold-labile fractions of microtubules of the axonal process. These results suggest that; tubulin is involved in the cold-stability of the axonal domain, but this role seems tissue dependent; MAP2 is a marker of neuronal differentiation; in the growing axonal process, cold-stable fragments are present and the cold labile pool of microtubules contain a transiently expressed protein, MAP2. PMID- 3231958 TI - Allocation of newly synthesized proteins in spinal motoneurons. AB - When vinblastine sulfate is used in vitro to block slow and fast transport of proteins within frog lumbar spinal motoneurons, the amounts of both newly synthesized protein and total protein increase in motoneuronal perikarya. Analyses of motoneurons isolated from control and vinblastine-treated spinal cords show that 1) about 55 p. 100 of the newly synthesized protein is exported from motoneuron cell bodies during a 4 h incubation period; 2) only about 5 p. 100 of the total perikaryal protein is exported during the same period; and 3) less than 10 p. 100 of the labeled protein is exported by fast axonal transport. Thus, a substantial amount of the newly synthesized protein is quickly and preferentially exported from the cell body. It is not known how much of this exported protein reaches the axon by slow transport. However, when interpreted in conjunction with the studies of Schubert, Kreutzberg and Lux (Brain Res. 47, 331 343, 1972), the above data strengthen the possibility that substantial amounts of the new protein made by a motoneuron may be committed to its dendrites. PMID- 3231959 TI - [Peripheral neuropathies simulating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in gammopathies]. AB - Particular clinical pictures of ALS may occur during the course of some "benign gammapathies". We observed 12 patients (age range 57 to 74 years; 9 men-3 women) with initially benign gammapathy (9 IgG, 1 IgA, 2 IgM) associated to a clinical picture of progressive anterior horn and pyramidal tract involvement. These cases led us to recognize some particularities of gammapathy-associated ALS: Relative frequency of asymmetrical clinical manifestations, rarity of bulbar signs; Decrease of sensory nerve conduction velocities without evidence of sensory clinical symptoms (8 out 9); Increase CSF protein content including the monoclonal component, axonal degeneration and immunostaining evidence of the paraprotein fixation observed on nerve biopsies (5 out 7 cases). Association of ALS and gammapathy is not fortuitous as shown by epidemiology, experiments, pathology and effects of different immunological treatments as related in this study. Demonstration of infra-clinical neuropathy face to a clinical syndrome of ALS should prompt too careful screening for a gammapathy. PMID- 3231960 TI - Electrophysiological findings in childhood spinal muscular atrophies. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate in indirect way through electrical activity of muscles and nerves the state of motoneuron in different forms of childhood spinal proximal muscular atrophies (SMA). The material comprised 454 cases of SMA type Ia (Werdnig-Hoffmann) types Ib + II (intermediate form) and type III (Kugelberg-Welander form). The quantitative EMG revealed the differences between different forms of SMA's in respect to spontaneous and volitional activity. The most unique phenomenon is the occurrence in SMA Ia form of rhythmic firing of motor unit (MUF) persisting during sleep. The comparison of duration, shape and amplitude of action potentials in acute severe form Ia and mild long-standing form III indicates the inability to increase the motor unit territory in form Ia as opposed to form III where most motoneurons have ability to enlarge their field. It was also stated that in the early stage of SMA the EMG has not only diagnostic but also prognostic value. PMID- 3231961 TI - The effect of peripheral nerve injury on immature motor and sensory neurons and on muscle fibres. Possible relation to the histogenesis of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. AB - Sciatic nerve section in newborn rats causes loss of almost all motoneurons and of two thirds of the sensory neurons. Single motor axons may regenerate but they innervate only few muscle fibres. The nonreinnervated fibres vanish and are replaced by fat cells. The reinnervated muscle fibres are overloaded, hypertrophy, and eventually necrotize. Their satellite cells regenerate new fibres; most of them develop aneurally and then disappear. The muscles, if reinnervated at all, after 1 year consist of a mixture of hypertrophic fibres, non-innervated regenerates, and fat cells, and resemble muscle from patients with infantile spinal muscular atrophy Werdnig-Hoffmann. In immature rat muscles, restricted reinnervation and functional overload of the few innervated fibres maintain a self-enhancing process which eventually leads to the replacement of the entire muscle by fat tissue. It is suggested that Werdnig-Hoffmann disease starts during fetal life and that similar mechanisms are operative. The clinical progression would then depend on the extent of degeneration due to overload and on regeneration and reinnervation in the muscles rather than on the rate of continuous loss of anterior horn cells. Immature motoneurons in rat die when they loose contact with their target; one might therefore speculate that the primary lesion in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease is peripheral rather than central, and that lack of neuronotorophic influences causes the loss of anterior horn cells. PMID- 3231963 TI - [Chronic proximal spinal amyotrophies in Tunisia. Clinical, genetic, epidemiologic and histopathologic study]. AB - The results of a clinical, pathological, genetic and epidemiological study of 101 cases of chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy are reported. Ages at onset allow to distinguish clearly an infantile, a juvenile and an adult groups. The infantile and juvenile groups comprising 93 p. 100 of the patients, were characterized by onset before the age of 20 (54 p. 100 before age 5) and by a large intra- and interfamilial clinical variability. The severity of the disease was unrelated either to sex or the sporadic or familial nature of the disease. On the other hand it was closely related to age at onset and to the pathology of the muscles. There seems to be no genetic heterogeneity in this group. Inheritance is of the autosomal recessive type in the great majority of cases. Certain sporadic cases may be due to a dominant mutation or to a phenocopy, as suggested by segregation analysis. The adult group, comprising 6 patients, included 4 cases of autosomal dominant inheritance without consanguinity of the parents, and one case of dominant inheritance. PMID- 3231962 TI - [Nerve growth factors: a hypothesis on their role in the pathogenesis of infantile spinal amyotrophies]. AB - The spinal muscular atrophies (SMA) are inherited neurological disorders characterized by degeneration and atrophy of spinal motoneurons at infant and juvenile stages. The origin of these diseases, and the mechanism of their progression, are completely unknown. Nevertheless, the selective neuronal loss which characterizes them is reminiscent of a classical experimental observation: injection of antibodies to the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in neonatal rats results in the almost complete selective destruction of the sympathetic nervous system. NGF is one of a group of molecules, the neuronal growth factors, which most likely play a role in the regulation of neuron number and development in different parts of the nervous system. In particular, several in vivo and in vitro results suggest that muscle may at certain stages produce "motoneuron growth factors". Our hypothesis is that the motoneuron death observed in the spinal muscular atrophies may be accelerated (or perhaps brought about) by a malfunction in this trophic support system. We show how this model would explain the perinatal or infantile onset of the disease, the variability of the rate of evolution between the different SMA forms, and the fact that motoneuron loss is much more dramatic in SMA than in even advanced cases of myopathy. We raise the possibility that the genetic lesion that leads to the spinal muscular atrophies may directly involve the growth factor system. Preliminary results obtained in vitro using cultures of embryonic chick spinal neurons do indeed suggest that muscle of SMA patients contains substances that inhibit muscle-derived growth promoting activities. However, such phenomena must be interpreted with caution until the neurons and molecules involved are better characterized. PMID- 3231964 TI - [Familial form of bulbo-spinal amyotrophy in the adult]. AB - Three siblings, a male and two females, respectively 47, 51 and 60 years-old, were investigated, since they had, like their father, labioglossopharyngeal paralysis, fasciculations and predominant cervico-facial muscular atrophy. No pyramidal signs were present. The disorder was fatal within 9, 5 and 14 months. In two cases the pathological examination showed a selective involvement of the peripheral motor neuron whereas the central motor neuron was normal. The main abnormalities consisted of abundant chromatolytic neurons and cell loss and were mostly present in the brain stem motor neurons. Immunocytochemical studies with antibodies against neurofilaments and protein-tau, and electron microscopic technics were performed on cervical motor neurons. Neurogenic muscular atrophy was massive in the tongue, less predominant in the diaphragm and psoas and were similar to lesions present in the peroneus brevis muscle. Transmission was autosomal dominant. We suggest that this clinico-pathological syndrome should be considered as a variety of the adult bulbo-spinal muscular atrophies. PMID- 3231965 TI - [X-linked bulbo-spinal neuronopathy. Kennedy's syndrome]. AB - Kennedy's syndrome is usually classified among the progressive spinal amyotrophies. Scarce reports suggest the involvement of the peripheral nerves. Five cases are reported here with a decrease of the sensory potential amplitude. A pathological study in 4 of these cases showed lesions of the sensory nerve. The notion of neuronopathy is discussed because it underlines the physiological unity of the cellular body and of the axon and the difficulty to separate the reciprocal damage in certain pathological cases. It would be excessive to equate clinical and experimental cases in which the onset of the disease involves either the cellular body or the axon. PMID- 3231966 TI - [Progressive muscular atrophy localized in the hand. Monomelic form of motor neuron disease?]. AB - Ten new cases of distal amyotrophy localized in an upper limb are reported. In all cases, patients were young males. The onset of the neurological impairment was always progressive during one to three years. The disease remained stable with a follow-up study of at least three years. Electrophysiological and neuroradiologic results were in keeping with an involvement of the anterior horn cell, in agreement with similar studies found in the literature. The relatively benign evolution of this syndrome, in regard to the usual prognosis of the other forms of motor neuron disease, especially amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has to be outlined. PMID- 3231967 TI - A look back: 1988 AIDS legislation and the role of RIMS. PMID- 3231968 TI - Rhode Island Medical Society/policy statement on AIDS. PMID- 3231969 TI - State of Rhode Island in general assembly January session, A.D. 1988. PMID- 3231971 TI - Lyme borreliosis and other tick-borne diseases in Rhode Island. PMID- 3231970 TI - The new Rhode Island AIDS statute. PMID- 3231972 TI - [Nursing management in the hospital. A profile of nursing management organs (specifically administration)]. PMID- 3231973 TI - [Continuing education in hospitals]. PMID- 3231974 TI - [Juvenile delinquents. A serious social ill]. PMID- 3231975 TI - [Manual lymphatic drainage. An innovative therapy]. PMID- 3231976 TI - [Oral diets in the hospital]. PMID- 3231977 TI - [Occlusive dressings in the management of decubitus ulcers]. PMID- 3231978 TI - [A rehabilitation program for coronary patients]. PMID- 3231979 TI - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 1. The catheter for CAPD]. PMID- 3231980 TI - [Continuing education. 32. Subject: geriatric nursing. Topic: To live old age]. PMID- 3231981 TI - [Between theory and practice]. PMID- 3231982 TI - [A new operating room for the Georgia Baptist Medical Center]. PMID- 3231983 TI - [The function of the operating room nurse in changing the design of the surgery department]. PMID- 3231984 TI - [The function of the surgical staff in the design of the surgery department]. PMID- 3231985 TI - [On a case of Fahr's disease]. AB - A case of idiopathic Fahr's disease with interesting clinical and neuroradiological findings is described. The nosological identity and the pathogenetic factors of this complex condition are discussed. PMID- 3231986 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in toxic, metabolic and anoxic coma. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of brainstem auditory evoked responses as a prognostic tool in conditions of coma which interfere with cerebral metabolism. Thirteen patients in coma resulting from different systemic disorders (barbiturate intoxication, cardiac arrest, chronic hepatic insufficiency) were included in the study. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials were recorded and patients were graded according to the results. When used in conjunction with other clinical parameters (Glasgow Coma Scale), brainstem auditory evoked potentials provided a more reliable prognostic tool than the traditional EEG exam alone. A good correlation was found between electrophysiological data and clinical outcome not only in barbiturate (toxic) coma, but also in hepatic (metabolic) coma. Of particular significance was the disappearance of the components which follow wave III (grade 2), leading to a fatal outcome in all three patients in hepatic coma. PMID- 3231988 TI - [Leukoencephalopathy in the elderly. Binswanger disease?]. AB - 100 patients with cerebro-vascular disease, characterized by an acute episode, were explored by TC to examine the etiopathogenesis of cerebral damage of the periventricular white substance, correlated with Binswanger disease. Only 7 patients showed typical bilateral lesions of the periventricular white substance. All these patients, except for one, were over seventy. The same percentage was verified in patients more than 70 years old without cerebral vascular disease. In our series the only patient with mental impairment showed very serious lesions of the periventricular white substance. PMID- 3231987 TI - [Epileptic crisis at the onset of SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis): considerations apropos of a case]. AB - A case of SSPE is reported and discussed; in all the evolution of this history, epileptic seizures were precocious (a long time before the onset of characteristic features of the disease) and dominant. The Authors, also on the basis of the literature (a definite pattern of evolution of epilepsy within SSPE is not reported), emphasize that this disease must be however considered among the possible aetiologies of an epileptic syndrome with onset in childhood. PMID- 3231989 TI - Myotonia levior: contribution to the nosography. AB - Two family are described affected by a mild myotonic syndrome, characterized by almost exclusively presence of myotonic phenomenon, in absence of symptoms as muscular weakness, hypotrophy or hypertrophy ("myotonia levior"). The nosographic classification of this disease in the congenital myotonias is today uncertain, and it could be a case of a low expressivity variant of the dominant form (Thomsen disease), or the heterozygotic phenotype of the recessive form (Becker disease). Family history, clinical and electrophysiological data obtained in the patients seem to support first hypothesis, providing an useful element for a correct genetic counselling in these cases. PMID- 3231991 TI - [Definition and measurement of a new syndrome: neurobiological deficit in individuals over 50 years of age. Paris, 21 April 1988. International colloquium. Proceedings]. PMID- 3231992 TI - [The neurobiological deficit in subjects over 50 years of age, a new physiopathologic concept: hypothesis or reality?]. PMID- 3231993 TI - The psychology of ageing. PMID- 3231990 TI - [Oculomotor findings in the stages "on" and "off" in Parkinson disease patients]. AB - To study the possible damage of oculomotor structures we have studied 10 patients affected by idiopathic Parkinson's disease with a clear on-off phenomena. All the patients were subjected to an electro-oculographic examination observing qualitative and quantitative parameters in both on and off phases. The two exams were carried out in the same morning. We observed the well known electro oculographic pattern of parkinsonian syndrome: multiple steps saccades, pursuit alterations, absence of spontaneous or evoked nystagmus. Moreover the most relevant finding consisted in an improvement of some electro-oculographic features during the off phase, contrary to clinical evidence. Such results seem to suggest that oculomotor system is functionally separate from that which controls arm movements. PMID- 3231995 TI - [Physiologic and pathologic aging]. PMID- 3231994 TI - [Stress, disease and aging]. PMID- 3231996 TI - [Why a new population, why a new scale. Definition and measurement of a new syndrome: neurobiological deficit in individuals over 50 years of age]. PMID- 3231997 TI - [Quantitative EEG mapping, what to look for in neurobiological deficit in individuals over 50 years of age]. PMID- 3231998 TI - [Report of the Revista de Saude Publica, 1984-1987]. PMID- 3231999 TI - [Health status of children of the municipality of Sao Paulo (Brazil), 1984/1985. IX. Coverage and quality of maternal-child care]. PMID- 3232000 TI - [Reasons for weaning and introduction of bottle feeding: an alternative approach to its study]. PMID- 3232001 TI - [Immunity to rubella: seroepidemiologic survey at hospitals, State of Sao Paulo Brazil]. PMID- 3232002 TI - [Identification of microbiotic fungi in an environment considered aseptic]. PMID- 3232003 TI - [Anthropology and feeding]. PMID- 3232004 TI - Policies for decentralization and development of health education. PMID- 3232005 TI - [Deontology of state interventionism in the health sector]. PMID- 3232006 TI - [Paracoccidioidomycosis: care at a primary health care level]. PMID- 3232007 TI - [Human cysticercosis diagnosed at a general hospital, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. PMID- 3232008 TI - [Finding of a natural breeding site of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 3232009 TI - [Trap-door fractures of the orbit floor. Apropos of 8 cases]. AB - Trapdoor fractures of the floor of the orbit were first described in 1965 by Soll and Poley. The authors discuss the pathology and pathogenic theories for these lesions and present 8 cases. The diagnosis is essentially clinical and is frequently supported by computed tomography when it is performed rapidly. The surgical procedure is designed to release the herniated tissues by lowering the orbital floor so as not to aggravate the constrictive lesions. These fractures constitute surgical emergencies and their prognosis depends on the nature of the tissues incarcerated. PMID- 3232010 TI - [Non-reducible meniscal luxation of the temporomandibular joint]. AB - After presenting the clinical symptoms and arthrographic signs of irreductible meniscal dislocation, the authors discuss the various therapeutic approaches. They illustrate their discussion by two clinical cases. PMID- 3232011 TI - [Maxillofacial injuries due to firearms. Retrospective study apropos of 60 cases]. AB - Sixty cases have been treated between 1969 and 1986. The same primary treatment's principles have left for the last twenty years. Secondary treatment only, realized between the second and the third month has much benefited by plastic surgery's progress. PMID- 3232012 TI - [Isolated epidermoid cysts of the jaw. Apropos of 3 cases with a familial aspect]. AB - About 3 cases of kerato-cysts of the jaws and observed in the same family, the authors wonder wether any familial aetiology is possible. Clinic and para-clinic examination allowed to eliminate a Gorlin's syndrome. PMID- 3232013 TI - [Fibroblasts of the normal human periodontium. Morphology and functional behavior in lattice collagen]. AB - In this preliminary report, we studied human periodontal normal fibroblasts cultured on a fibrillary tridimensional net of collagen (lattice). As demonstrated by scanning and transmission electron microscope, cells were closely binded to this fibrillar net. They kept their functional activities (oxidatives enzymes, leucine aminopeptidase). As seen in monolayer cultures by immunocytochemical methods, the majority of these cells secreted type I collagen (70 to 80% of them: 15 to 25% secreting type III collagen). Besides, the capacity of retraction of collagen lattices, quite similar to that of skin lattices, was expressed by a decreasing curve up to the 8th day. In order to study the possible role of fibroblastic biological changes in periodontal disease, later on we shall compare the characteristics of normal fibroblast to those of fibroblast taken in periodontal disease. PMID- 3232014 TI - [Compensatory alveolar inclinations in sagittal dysharmonies of the skeletal base]. AB - 544 cases analysis have shown that the sagittal maxillo-mandibular discrepancies happens to be a very frequent problem in orthodontics. They are often compensated by dento-alveolar inclinations, when no muscular disorder, functional or constitutional, exists. The basal discrepancies modify the direction of dental inclinations. It is the normal action of the musculature which determines the correctional inclination that must be respected. We have to use light therapeutic methods and respect these natural dental movements. PMID- 3232015 TI - [Current principles of mobilization of the temporomandibular joint. Practical applications]. AB - The author describes a new process of temporomandibular joint mobilisation by means of a mandibular occlusive splint immobilising the mandible and allowing mobilisation of the base of the skull and therefore the temporal condyle. This process is situated in a facio-cranio-spinal articular context. PMID- 3232016 TI - [Facial asymmetry due to polycystic-like mandibular fibrous dysplasia. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors relate one case of fibrous dysplasia limited to one bone and affecting the lower jaw, bilaterally. They put a stress on the slow evolution of the disease, as well as the diagnostic importance of the histological findings. Commenting on this case, they present a review of the main manifestations of this condition. PMID- 3232017 TI - Emphysema and similar situations in and around the maxillo-facial region. AB - The introduction of air into the soft tissues surrounding the maxillofacial region is the subject of this report. We present seven cases varying from emphysema following dental manipulation, severe facial trauma, with and without clinical or radiographic evidence of fracture, to a case that resulted in blindness and another case that required emergency tracheostomy. We propose the modification of the term emphysema so as to include the entry of air into the brain by the same mechanism. PMID- 3232018 TI - [Severe Basedow's exophthalmia. Indications for surgical treatment apropos of a case]. AB - This report is concerning a case of bilateral Grave's exophthalmia which underlines that it may appear without hyperthyroidism, and progress in an independent way. The association of diploidy, decrease of the right side view (5/10: P.3) and many episodes of keratitis invited us to use surgery. The surgical technic used, rather similar than Tessier's, consisted of an opening of the external orbital wall with section of the anterior part of the temporal muscle by a half coronal approach, lowering of the orbital floor, and breaking in of the planum bone by an inferior eyelid approach. One year later, the result was rather successful, the esthetics improved, the right exophthalmia decrease (from 27 mm to 23 mm) and the right side view became again normal 10/10e P. 2. Others surgical technics have been used, but we choose and appreciate Tessier's because it was clearly indicated, and concerned the three orbital walls. PMID- 3232019 TI - Validation of addition and subtraction of ABR waveforms. AB - Procedures that use the auditory brainstem response (ABR) to demonstrate binaural interaction, phasic differences, narrow-band derived responses, and adaptation rely on additions and subtractions of waveforms to demonstrate effects that are not evident in the raw waveforms. The purpose of this study was to validate these data manipulations by performing additions and subtractions of waveforms in cases in which the theoretical result should be no difference potential and in cases in which the theoretical result should be a difference potential. The results indicate that additions and subtractions of ABR waveforms are valid data manipulations. PMID- 3232020 TI - Some relationships between hearing aid frequency response and speech discrimination of profoundly deaf children. Pilot study. AB - A significant improvement in auditory-visual speech discrimination has been established for a group of profoundly deaf children with hearing losses in the range from 85 to 120 dB HL (pure tone average (500, 1,000, 2,000 Hz] by increasing the low frequency hearing aid gain by approximately 10 dB and reducing the high frequency gain by approximately the same magnitude. The improvements were concentrated in the hearing loss range from 95 to 115 dB HL. A tendency for improvement in auditory discrimination was indicated as well. PMID- 3232021 TI - In-the-ear hearing aids. The use and benefit in the elderly hearing-impaired. AB - Preliminary clinical experiences with in-the-ear hearing aids (ITE-HAs) have been promising, and a beneficial effect has been demonstrated in younger hearing impaired subjects. However, the subjects applying for audiological examination and rehabilitation are predominantly elderly people (i.e. greater than or equal to 70 years). The present questionnaire examination was performed in order to evaluate the use and benefit of ITE-HAs also in the elderly hearing-impaired, and compare with the effect in younger subjects. An extensive questionnaire was sent 6 months after hearing aid fitting to all patients fitted with ITE-HAs. A total number of 693 subjects corresponding to 80% responded to the questionnaire. 70% of the patients are greater than or equal to 70 years and 23% are above the age of 80 years. The results demonstrate that the elderly hearing-impaired use the hearing aids predominantly in situations when listening to television and in small groups; 64% use their hearing aids the whole day and only 6% never use the aids; with increasing age were indicated increasing handling problems, both concerning change of battery, handling of volume control, and insertion of the aid into the ear canal. Only 8% of the patients were dissatisfied with the cosmetic appearance of the hearing aids, the dissatisfaction being more frequent in the young age group below 70 years (16%) than above the age of 70 years (9%). It is concluded that also the elderly hearing-impaired use and benefit from ITE HAs. PMID- 3232022 TI - High-frequency audiometry in children. AB - On the grounds of recent literature and of their own previous studies, the authors have examined a group of 25 normal-hearing children, ranging from 7 to 10 years of age, with high-frequency audiometry. The results were compared with those obtained in a group of young adults. On the basis of these findings, average threshold values were derived for this age group; such data have not yet been published for this simple headset technique. Furthermore, the comparison between the two age groups enabled the authors to determine a deterioration of the high-frequency hearing threshold which takes place at a fairly early age. Reliability of the equipment, in which headphones were used as transducers, was checked and the reproducibility for this test was shown to be adequate, as seen from the low test-retest variability. PMID- 3232023 TI - Relations between audiometrical thresholds of potential cochlear implant patients and their performance in preoperative psycho-physical tests with electrical stimulation. AB - Part of our selection procedure for cochlear implant candidates is the preoperative electrical stimulation of the cochlea. With a transtympanic needle, placed as closely as possible to the round window, the dynamic range for a number of frequencies is measured and a frequency identification test and a temporal difference limen test are carried out. Our first series of preoperative tests suggests a relationship between the audiometrical pure-tone thresholds, the dynamic range of electrical stimulation and the performance on the temporal difference and frequency identification test. For the preoperative electrical stimulation tests, a relatively good pure-tone average may indicate a wide dynamic range, a short temporal difference limen and a high score in the frequency identification test. PMID- 3232024 TI - Clinical application of brain-stem audiometry. AB - Based on the examination of 249 consecutive patients, the usefulness of brain stem response audiometry in a major audiological clinic was evaluated. Auditory brain-stem responses were performed either for hearing threshold determination (67 patients) or for assessment of retrocochlear hearing loss (182 patients). The results demonstrate that ABR is a reliable method for the estimation of hearing thresholds in non-cooperative subjects. The rate of false positives was 5% and no false negatives were found. In combination with caloric testing, ABR is considered a valuable testing procedure in the audiological clinic and it may form the basis for submission to brain imaging examination when a suspicion of retrocochlear hearing disorder is raised. Concerning the diagnosis of retrocochlear hearing disorder, no false negatives have yet been found, while a rate of 13% of false positives has been indicated. PMID- 3232025 TI - Auditory brainstem responses and extratympanic electrocochleography. A threshold comparison in children. AB - Electrocochleography (ECoG) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) have been recorded simultaneously in 23 children referred for threshold evaluation. The ECoG electrode is an extratympanic silver ball (Life-Tech) whereas the ABR is recorded with Ag-AgCl surface electrodes. Of the 30 ears investigated according to this protocol, 11 had no response with either technique, and in a further 11 no difference was found between ECoG and ABR thresholds. In the remaining 8 ears, ABR threshold was lower in 6 and the ECoG in 2. We conclude that the extra time needed for cleansing the ear canal and inserting the electrode does not justify the use of ECoG in threshold evaluations, since the ABR alone has the necessary sensitivity. PMID- 3232026 TI - The relationship of SP and AP findings to hearing level in Meniere's disease. AB - The relationship of summating potential (SP) and action potential (AP) to hearing threshold level was examined in 46 patients with a unilateral Meniere's disease. The SP and AP were recorded with the extratympanic method. The ratio of -SP and AP amplitudes in affected ears to those in contralateral ears (-SP and AP amplitude ratio) at 80 dB nHL of click stimuli was used as parameters of analysis in order to diminish the variability of SP and AP amplitudes among individuals. The results revealed that there is no relationship between -SP amplitude ratio and the hearing threshold level at any frequency, whereas AP amplitude ratio has a significant negative correlation (r = -0.419, p less than 0.01) to the average hearing threshold level at 2-8 kHz, but not at 0.25-1 kHz (p greater than 0.05). The results indicate that an increase in the ratio of -SP amplitude to AP amplitude with the deterioration of the hearing at higher frequencies reported by our previous study (Mori et al., 1987) results from a decrease in AP amplitude rather than an increase in -SP amplitude. The dependence of AP amplitude on hearing threshold level and the independence of -SP amplitude on hearing threshold level suggests that the mechanism underlying the increase in -SP amplitude may be different from that causing the hearing loss in Meniere's disease. PMID- 3232027 TI - Ototoxicity of cisplatin in gynaecological cancer patients. AB - The ototoxic side effect of a moderate dose of cisplatin was studied by regular audiometric investigations in 186 women with gynaecologic cancer. Cisplatin was given in a dose of 50 mg/m2 body surface by intravenous infusion every 4 weeks. High-frequency hearing loss occurred in 40 patients (22%), but in no single case was a significant change observed in the frequency range of 0.5-2 kHz. Older patients showed a statistically significant greater incidence of audiometric changes, but the pretreatment audiogram was not a predictor for ototoxic changes. It is concluded that a moderate dose of cisplatin does not effect the ability to communicate. PMID- 3232029 TI - Tympanometer behaviour after storage at extreme temperatures. PMID- 3232028 TI - Influence of age, sex, and hearing loss on auditory brain stem response (ABR) latencies. AB - In a previous paper, the hypothesis was established that the shorter auditory brain stem response (ABR) latencies in females, in comparison with males, can be explained solely by the age dependence of the latencies, which is more pronounced in males than in females. According to this concept, ABR latencies in male and female babies are identical but diverge increasingly with increasing age. A multiple regression analysis on considerably enlarged male and female groups has now confirmed the hypothesis as to the differing age dependence in males and females. But the results also show that the male/female ABR latency differences cannot be explained solely by these differences in age dependence. An additional factor has to be taken into account, for which the male/female difference in auditory pathway length is a plausible explanation. PMID- 3232030 TI - High-density lipoprotein has different binding capacity for different apoproteins. The amyloidogenic apoproteins are easier to displace from high density lipoprotein. AB - Purified human amyloid protein A (AA) or serum amyloid protein A (SAA) was incubated with normal human high-density lipoprotein (HDL). After ultracentrifugation the amount of AA or SAA associated with HDL was measured. It was found that the binding capacity of HDL for SAA was higher than that for AA. Incubation of these in vitro associated HDL-AA and HDL-SAA complexes with purified apo AI or apo AII resulted in varying degrees of displacement of the associated AA or SAA from HDL. Under the experimental conditions used, apo AI was able to displace AA from HDL, while apo AII was able to displace both SAA and AA. This indicates that the binding capacity of HDL is different for SAA and AA. Mouse acute-phase HDL was isolated and the native complexes were incubated with human apo AII. SAA2, the amyloidogenic SAA variant in mice, was displaced from HDL to a greater extent than SAA1, indicating a lower binding capacity for the amyloidogenic SAA variant for the HDL complexes. PMID- 3232032 TI - Etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Proceedings of a meeting. Helsinki, 4 January 1988. PMID- 3232031 TI - Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation during trauma and infection. AB - Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SpP), measured in vitro as the rate of [14C]thymidine incorporation in blood lymphocytes, was investigated in non infected postoperative patients, infected postoperative patients, and healthy volunteers, with 72, 24, and 3 h of lymphocyte culture. With 24-h cultures, infected postoperative patients showed 17-fold higher SpP than non-infected postoperative patients (2527 +/- 1552 versus 151 +/- 77 cpm, mean +/- SD, P less than 0.001) and 37-fold higher SpP than healthy volunteers (P less than 0.001). Postoperative patients without infection had twice as high SpP as healthy volunteers (P less than 0.001). Lymphocytes harvested after 24 h of cell culture showed significantly higher SpP than corresponding values at 72 and 3 h, in patients as well as in healthy volunteers (P less than 0.01). Infected postoperative patients showed a higher SpP than non-infected patients after only 3 h of cell culture (270 +/- 192 versus 48 +/- 10 cpm, P less than 0.001). An inverse correlation was observed between the level of SpP and body temperature in patients with postoperative infection (r = -0.62, P less than 0.05). The results indicate that lymphocytes are activated by uncomplicated surgery and particularly by postoperative infection, and that characteristics of SpP are reproducible in short cell-culture periods, which suggests that in vitro measurements of SpP may be of value in the detection of severe postoperative infection. PMID- 3232033 TI - Rheumatoid factors and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3232034 TI - Interactions between the immune system and connective tissue in arthritis. Possible significance of an affinity between IgG and native type II collagen. AB - The synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) resembles inflammatory reactions in other tissues concerning features such as increased expression of MHC class II antigens and infiltration of large amounts of activated T lymphocytes. The present communication is concerned with how to explain features such as local production of rheumatoid factors that distinguish the synovial inflammation in seropositive RA from other chronic inflammatory reactions; We show here that monomeric IgG and, to an even higher extent, aggregated IgG show a high binding capacity for native collagen type II. This finding is discussed in the light of previous findings that native collagen II structures are readily exposed to the environment in the cartilage of inflamed joints, and the evidence that T-cell reactivity to cartilage-derived molecules among them collagen II appears to be a common feature in seropositive RA. We suggest that an enhanced formation of IgG-collagen II complexes in RA joints, together with activation of T-cells to collagen II or collagen II-associated structures may constitute the basis for local rheumatoid factor production and to disease perpetuation in seropositive RA. PMID- 3232035 TI - Bone scintigraphy in post-traumatic reflex dystrophy. AB - Twenty-five patients presenting consecutively with persistent pain and tenderness, edema, and vasomotor instability in an extremity following trauma to the same extremity were clinically diagnosed as having early post-traumatic reflex dystrophy (PRD). All underwent scintigraphy with 99mTechnetium methylene diphosphonate before institution of prednisolone treatment. The time lag between the occurrence of the initial trauma and scintigraphic imaging averaged 11.5 weeks. Of 25 scintigrams, 24 showed multiple periarticular accentuation in the affected extremity. Scintigraphy is a useful clinical aid to establish the diagnosis of early PRD. PMID- 3232036 TI - Agreement between parents and physicians regarding clinical evaluation of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The reliability of disease severity assessed by parents of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis was studied by a self-report questionnaire. Parents of 50 patients with a minimum disease duration of 6 months and two physicians participated. Good agreement was achieved between parents and physicians regarding global assessment of disease severity, pain, morning stiffness and activities of daily life. For joint swelling and restriction of movement, the physicians scored higher than did the parents. The findings demonstrate that, with some reservations, a parent questionnaire may be used in follow-up studies on children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3232037 TI - Proresid in the long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Drug withdrawal rate and reasons for treatment termination were studied in a retrospective life-table analysis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis prescribed Proresid, a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative. Two years after starting with Proresid medication, half of the patients were still on treatment. After 5 years the termination rate had risen to 71%. Gastrointestinal side effects were the most common reason for abandoning medication. The results are compared with those found in other studies of similar desing. It is concluded that Proresid is a valuable and well-tolerated disease-modifying drug for long term treatment of rheumatoid Arthritis. PMID- 3232038 TI - A cross-cultural study of personality: Swedish and English children. PMID- 3232039 TI - Perception of spatial order in extrafoveal vision. PMID- 3232040 TI - Noise, S-R compatibility and hand dominance. PMID- 3232041 TI - Depressive retardation and subliminally manipulated aggressive involvement. PMID- 3232042 TI - Component analyses differentiate between exploratory behaviour of spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats in a two-compartment free-exploration open field. PMID- 3232043 TI - Dimensions of hypnotic depth: an exploratory study. PMID- 3232044 TI - Immobility-related hippocampal theta activity in rats during reaction to novelty. PMID- 3232046 TI - Degree of pain and grade of subluxation in the painful hemiplegic shoulder. AB - Forty-eight stroke patients with shoulder pain were assessed for degree of pain at rest and on movement of the affected arm, and presence and grade of subluxation. Degree of pain was assessed using a 6-point verbal rating scale. Presence and grade of subluxation were assessed from radiographs, using a 5-point categorization. Four radiographs were excluded. Subluxation was found in 24 (54.5%) of the remaining 44 radiographs. No statistically significant difference was found in degree of pain between patients with and without subluxation. In addition, no correlation was found between grade of subluxation and degree of pain. It is suggested that the role of subluxation in the production of pain may not be as important as often believed. PMID- 3232045 TI - Aerobic power during maximal exercise in untrained and well-trained persons with quadriplegia and paraplegia. AB - The aerobic power during maximal exercise was studied in 58 males with traumatic spinal cord lesions from C4 to L4 (25 well-trained "world-class athletes" and 33 untrained). For comparison we tested five well arm-trained and five arm-untrained able-bodied subjects. During maximal wheelchair exercise the aerobic power (VO2 peak), pulmonary ventilation and blood lactate concentration was higher in subjects with lower levels of spinal cord injury. At each injury level above C6 C7, nearly all trained subjects reached higher VO2 peaks than untrained subjects with the corresponding level of lesion. The mean values for trained paraplegic persons were 2.16 +/- 0.38 l x min-1, corresponding to 33.6 +/- 6.7 ml x kg-1 x min-1. The peak heart rate was lower in the quadriplegic than in the paraplegic group with no or only small difference between trained and untrained subjects at the same level of spinal cord injury. Spinal cord lesions with pareses reduce the total active skeletal muscle mass. This can cause physical inactivity, medical complications and social isolation. As a consequence, cardiovascular disorders as cause of death is higher in this group compared to the general population. Therefore, one aim of rehabilitation is to increase the individual's performance in daily life activities. It has been shown that the normal daily life activities of quadri- and paraplegic individuals with no additional physical training are not intense enough to maintain a satisfactory level of physical fitness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3232048 TI - Consensus and consensus conferences. PMID- 3232047 TI - Neck and shoulder pain and disability. Evaluation by repetitive gripping test. AB - A repetitive gripping test for the evaluation of neck and shoulder pain and disability was standardized and validated in a population study. Repeatability of the endurance of gripping was acceptable (correlation coefficient 0.74). Out of 49 women without neck and shoulder pain during the preceding seven days, 18% showed low endurance (endurance time less than 7 min); out of 19 women with disabling pain during the preceding seven days, 58% showed low endurance; and of 10 women with disabling pain at the time of examination, 80% showed low endurance. Low endurance was related to disability especially in some critical functions of the arms as e.g. working with the hands overhead. Endurance was not affected by age. In men, low endurance did not correlate with neck and shoulder pain. The test provides a tool for the evaluation of patients, but the applicability of the test to men needs further research. PMID- 3232050 TI - Bias from non-participation: a study of low-level lead exposure in children. AB - Epidemiological studies on neurobehavioural effects in childhood are highly sensitive to selection bias. A study on the significance of low-level lead exposure was performed among school children in the first grade in Aarhus in 1982 83. Deciduous teeth were collected and analysed for the circumpulpal dentin lead concentration. On the basis of the lead levels, a case and a control group were identified. Information on socioeconomical status and past medical history was obtained for all children. A "common sense" stratification of the reason for non participation, showed bias in particular due to non-responders, while "refusers" caused little, if any bias. A non-participation of 7% significantly distorted the main result of the study in the direction of the null-hypothesis. Current studies of low-level lead exposure vary greatly with regard to non-participation and the extent of selection bias may contribute to understand the apparent diversity of findings of studies in this field. PMID- 3232049 TI - Limitations in the use of job exposure matrices. AB - A Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) is a cross classification of occupations, industries and exposures within a given job. A general JEM covers all occupations and industries. Severe misclassification by using such a JEM is hardly avoidable. Use of a general JEM will therefore rarely be able to identify risk ratios in the moderately elevated range. However, a general JEM could be an important tool in looking for differentiated misclassification, a frequently mentioned problem in case-control studies. Principles of this kind of use is given in the text. PMID- 3232051 TI - Methodological problems in the studies of reproductive failures. AB - Epidemiological studies of reproductive failures are still rather few in spite of the importance of the research. One of several reasons for this could be the methodological problems of such studies. Some of these problems are discussed in this communication. PMID- 3232052 TI - Research development in Nicaragua. PMID- 3232053 TI - Research and development at the department of preventive medicine at the medical school of the "Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua", Leon, Nicaragua. PMID- 3232054 TI - Development of a community intervention programme on miners' health and working environment in Nicaragua. AB - Since 1983, a broad research and development programme has been carried out with the support of Sweden through the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation in Developing Countries (SAREC). One of the medical research and development projects deals with the environment and state of health of the population of an entire village, and is referred to as the Abdon Vega project. It is pursued by the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Leon, Nicaragua, with the support of the Department of Social Medicine at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. The project comprises two stages. The first one centres on the state of health of the workers and the mining environment. This article reports on the objectives of the project and the study area. It presents experience from the development work up to now and the difficulties encountered. PMID- 3232055 TI - Results of a one-year worksite and mass media based intervention on health behaviour and chronic disease risk factors. AB - The North Karelia Worksite Intervention Study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of worksite-based innovative intervention on chronic disease risk factors. The one-year intervention combined use of mass media, worksite opinion leaders, risk assessment and counselling and other health education measures. The study used eight medium sized intervention worksites (IW) and eight matched reference worksites (RW). Of the 715 workers 91% participated in the initial survey, and out of these 89% in the one-year follow-up survey. The proportion of current smokers changed from 39% to 30% (p less than 0.05) at the IWs while no change took place at the RWs (33%). The effect on smoking was confirmed by serum thiocyanate analyses. An additive score of the three main CHD risk factors changed from 3.1 to 2.7 at the IWs and from 3.2 to 3.0 at the RWs (p less than 0.05 for the net change). The results and experiences showed the feasibility of the intervention and significant, although modest, effects on risk factors and health behaviour, notably smoking. PMID- 3232056 TI - Promoting health among school age children. PMID- 3232057 TI - Incidence of the upper respiratory and digestive tract cancers and consumption of alcohol and tobacco in Denmark. AB - To study the incidence of upper respiratory and digestive tract cancer in Denmark in relation to changes in tobacco and alcohol consumption, the incidence trends are compared to the figures for average annual consumption during the period 1943 1982. The comparison is made using relative risk estimates available from previous investigations. From the available data on alcohol and tobacco consumption, an attempt is also made to predict the future incidence trends of these cancers. Since no data on the distribution of smoking versus drinking by sex and age are available from Denmark over the study period, two hypotheses are used. It is shown that the predicted incidence is strongly dependent on the distribution of smoking and drinking, and that the existence of a group with heavy consumption of tobacco and alcohol could be responsible for very high incidences of these cancers in the near future in Denmark. PMID- 3232058 TI - Family risk factors of alcoholism and drinking patterns among non alcoholic women: an inverse relationship? An exploratory study of female employees. AB - 95 non alcoholic female employees were personally interviewed and divided into three drinking pattern groups with an increasing level of alcohol consumption: the traditional feminine drinking group (TF) (n = 28), the new feminine drinking group (NF) (n = 37), and the masculine drinking group (M) (n = 30). The groups were compared on family variables which may be regarded as risk factors of alcoholism. The results show an inverse relationship between family risk factors and consumption level, the TF-group having significantly more risk factors than the other two groups. The TF-women more often came from families where the mother and her parents were abstainers, while the father and his parents were more often alcohol abusers or not abstainers. The TF-women were more often attached to their alcoholic fathers as children, while the M-women were more often attached to their mothers. The choice of drinking pattern may be inversely related to the frequency of family risk factors among non alcoholic women. PMID- 3232059 TI - The place of medical sociology. PMID- 3232060 TI - [The treatment of "chronic strains"]. PMID- 3232061 TI - Muscle contractures of football players--relationship with knee complaints and the effect of stretching exercises. PMID- 3232062 TI - [Contractures of the ischio-crural muscle group and femoropatellar pain syndrome in bicycling. Effects of muscle stretching exercises]. PMID- 3232063 TI - [Sports and the diabetic]. PMID- 3232064 TI - [The Club of Diabetic Champions. A comment on the practical behavior of the diabetic athlete]. PMID- 3232065 TI - Computer-aided molecular design. PMID- 3232067 TI - Food additives. PMID- 3232066 TI - Social correlates of human height. PMID- 3232068 TI - Child abuse--our social dilemma. PMID- 3232069 TI - Drug prescribing in the elderly. PMID- 3232070 TI - Third year medical student clerkship performance in a multi-campus setting. PMID- 3232071 TI - Medical ethics and politics ... strange bedfellows. PMID- 3232072 TI - Medical procedures in a general internal medicine residency program. PMID- 3232073 TI - Element concentrations in the air of an indoor shooting range. AB - Elemental emissions during firing in a shooting range were measured for different types of ammunition. When using Hirtenberger bullets, lead, barium, antimony and to a lesser extent copper and arsenic were the primary metal pollutants. Stationary sampling at three locations in the range did not reveal large concentration gradients. Large concentration variations were observed by sampling before, during and after shooting. Lead and antimony concentrations peak at 5060 and 119 micrograms m-3, respectively. Soil elements such as aluminium, sodium and calcium are enriched during shooting, probably due to soil resuspension by the shooters and the bullets hitting the sand backstop. After shooting has ceased the concentrations fall to within pre-shooting levels within a couple of hours. Measurement of the aerodynamic particle size shows low mass median diameters for the elements emitted during firing and larger diameters for the soil-associated elements. The peak airborne concentrations measured by stationary sampling, and human exposure measured by a personal sampler carried by an instructor were compared with threshold limit values. During the shooting the TLV is significantly exceeded for lead. PMID- 3232075 TI - Environmental exposure to lead and arsenic among children living near a glassworks. AB - Concentrations of lead (Pb) in blood (B-Pb, geometric mean 34.6 micrograms l-1, n = 127) and inorganic arsenic (As) and its metabolites in urine (U-As, mean 5.1 micrograms/g creatinine, n = 35) did not differ between children living in a village close to a glassworks emitting both Pb and As and children living in a reference area. There was no significant effect on B-Pb and U-As related to parents working at the glassworks or consumption of domestically grown vegetables. Neither was there any significant effect upon B-Pb of sex, age, potentially lead-exposing hobbies, or consumption of canned foods. Boys had higher U-As than girls (5.8 vs 4.2 micrograms/g creatinine, p = 0.005), and there was a decrease with age (range 8.4-10.4 years, 27% per year, p = 0.01). Further, parental smoking habits had a significant effect on both B-Pb and U-As. In children of non-smoking parents the B-Pb was 30 micrograms l-1, in children with one parent who smoked 39 micrograms l-1 (smoking father 37, smoking mother 41 micrograms l-1) and in children with two parents who smoked 47 micrograms l-1 (p less than 0.001). The corresponding values for U-As were 4.2, 5.5, and 13 micrograms/g creatinine, respectively (p = 0.01). PMID- 3232074 TI - The use of 210Pb and 137Cs in the study of sediment pollution in the Lagoon of Venice. AB - The activity of 137Cs per unit area in sediments of the central part of the Lagoon of Venice was determined with the aim of identifying boundaries of homogeneous depositional zones. The 210Pb dating technique was used to date vertical profiles of cores from the same area. A comparison of the total amounts of 137Cs and non-supported 210Pb present in each core and the atmospheric input allows us to identify different depositional areas inside the basin and to outline the possible drainage effect of industrial solid wastes used in past reclaiming operations. PMID- 3232077 TI - Lead in roadside soils of Merida City, Venezuela. AB - The lead content of soil along the roadside in Merida City was investigated. Where motor vehicle traffic volume was less than 5000 motor vehicles per day, almost no lead accumulation was observed in the surface soil (0-2 cm), but where the motor vehicle traffic volume was greater than 10,000 motor vehicles per day, levels of lead increased by a factor of up to approximately 18. The soil lead content decreased with distance from the edge of the roadside and with depth of sampling. PMID- 3232076 TI - Blood lead levels of the general populations of three Chinese cities. AB - Blood samples were obtained from 537 adults (age greater than or equal to 16 years) living in three cities in China; in Hefei in 1985, and in Shenyang and Jinxi in 1987. The samples were subjected to blood lead (Pb-B) analyses. The subjects were factory workers either in solvent-synthesizing or solvent application plants with no known exposure to metals (including lead). Their smoking and drinking habits were confirmed in medical interviews. Blood lead was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers, although no dose-dependency was observed. The Pb-B values in non-smokers were log-normally distributed. The Pb-B among non-smokers was significantly higher in men [104.0 micrograms l-1 (1.428) 87] [geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) number of determinations] than in women [75.5 micrograms l-1 (1.358) 225] when the data from the three cities were combined. There was a significant difference in the Pb B levels of non-smoking men in the three cities studied, suggesting that regional food habits should be considered as a possible contributory factor of a non occupational nature. The present findings are compared with observations from Korea and Japan from the viewpoint of environmental health. PMID- 3232078 TI - Investigation of the significance of heavy metal contents of blackbird feathers. AB - The lead, cadmium and zinc in untreated blackbird (Turdus merula L.) feathers is predominantly of exogenous origin. The endogenous concentration is of minor importance. The degree of surface metal pollution depends on exposure time. The exogenous fraction of heavy metals cannot be completely removed by washing procedures. The difference between washed and unwashed feathers is demonstrated by SEM micrographs. PMID- 3232079 TI - Chemical speciation and distribution of arsenic in water, suspended solids and sediment of Xiangjiang River, China. AB - The forms of arsenic in the Zuzou Zone of the Xiangjang River are evaluated. Nine fractions of arsenic, consisting of soluble arsenic(III) and total soluble arsenic, loosely bound arsenic, aluminium arsenate, iron arsenate, calcium arsenate, arsenic occluded on iron oxide, organic compounds of arsenic and residual arsenic, were separated from suspended solids and sediments by sequential chemical extraction. All arsenic fractions were determined by ASV and AFS. The distributions of arsenic and arsenic fractions in water, sediments and suspended solids are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of arsenic transport and deposition in aquatic ecosystems. PMID- 3232081 TI - Hepatobiliary complications of gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 3232080 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis: clinical spectrum and therapeutic response in 52 cases. AB - The clinical course of 52 cases with eosinophilic fasciitis observed at the Mayo Clinic has been described. Cutaneous changes included pitting edema, peau d'orange, and induration, and may affect virtually any body surface area. In addition, localized morphea was present in 15 cases. Arthritis was observed in 21 patients; 29 patients had flexion contractures and 12 had carpal tunnel syndrome. Associated hematologic diseases were found in five patients; thrombocytopenia in two, myeloproliferative disorder in one, myelomonocytic leukemia in one, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in one. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was noted in 33 of 52 patients, hypergammaglobulinemia was noted in 17 of 49, and elevated sedimentation rate was noted in 15 of 52. Nonspecific EMG changes were seen in 11 of 15 patients. None had clinical involvement of the kidneys, lungs, or heart. No significant association between any HLA-A, -B, or -DR and eosinophilic fasciitis was seen. Prednisone and hydroxychloroquine seemed equally beneficial in treatment; however, some cases showed spontaneous recovery, making evaluation of therapeutic efficacy difficult. Relapses occurred in some cases. PMID- 3232082 TI - [Determining the number of patients in a therapeutic sector by studying the age structure of the residents]. PMID- 3232083 TI - [Problems of the study of the effective use of medical literature]. PMID- 3232084 TI - [The role of paramedical personnel in primary health care (experience with training and examination seminars)]. PMID- 3232085 TI - [Measures for the further improvement of public health and strengthening of the economic and technical bases of health care]. PMID- 3232087 TI - [The role of the regional society of social hygienists and public health administrators in solving problems of mass screening]. PMID- 3232086 TI - [A method of analyzing the effectiveness of mass screening of children based on health status indicators]. PMID- 3232088 TI - [Various aspects of the reorganization of public health]. PMID- 3232089 TI - A note on sampling variance estimates for Social Security program participants from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. AB - The Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) provides data that can be used to study the characteristics of Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program participants. It is important that estimates of sampling errors accompany such studies because the estimates may have large sampling errors due to the small number of sample cases available for specific analyses. The generalized sampling variances provided by the Census Bureau did not identify separately either program's participants and, therefore, do not pertain directly to analyses of these groups. This article describes an approach to the direct computation of sampling variances for OASDI and SSI program participants. The approach uses the pseudo stratum and half-sample codes available in SIPP public use data files. A table of generalized standard errors is constructed for participants of both programs aged 18 or older. Generalized standard errors could not be computed for child beneficiaries under age 18 because of a wide variation of design effects across subpopulation estimates. PMID- 3232090 TI - Retirement-age women and pensions: findings from the New Beneficiary Survey. AB - This article examines the extent of employer-sponsored pension receipt and the amounts of pension benefits among a cohort of retirement-age women interviewed in the New Beneficiary Survey. These women reported relatively low levels of pension protection. Only 27 percent were receiving a pension in late 1982, either from their own employment or as survivors. This was one-half the rate of current pension receipt among a comparable cohort of men. An additional 17 percent of the women were expecting pensions of their own or had potential survivor protection through their husbands' pensions. Among those receiving a pension, women reported median monthly benefits of $250, compared with $460 among men. Pension benefits were a fairly important source of income for these women, particularly those who were unmarried. Almost one-half of the unmarried recipients depended on their pensions for one-third or more of their total incomes, and without their pension income 11 percent would have been below poverty income levels. PMID- 3232091 TI - Clinical social work: present role and future challenge. AB - Master's level students, new workers and agency and academic faculty are challenged to maintain social work practice standards and retain traditional values and identifications in a climate of diminishing resources for social work services. Pressure for third party reimbursement, accelerated demands for self directed and autonomous clinical social work practice in new systems of care characterize this climate. This paper addresses issues and dilemmas attendant to these changes for which we seek solutions. Some suggestions are offered. Some issues are posed as questions since answers are evolving and outcomes are uncertain. PMID- 3232092 TI - "Safe passage": social work roles and functions in hospice care. AB - What are social work's unique roles and functions in behalf of patients and their families in hospice care? The question is answered in the first phase of a Joint Research Project of social work faculty, hospice social workers and graduate social work students. The special roles, illustrative functions and potential outcomes of social work in hospice are identified. Case examples are utilized to illustrate social work's response to patients, families, staff and the service network. The authors hypothesize that social workers in hospice and other health care settings are instrumental in charting and facilitating within a nurturing environment a "safe passage" for the person-in-transition. PMID- 3232093 TI - Preadmission screening: an efficacy study. AB - The effectiveness of hospital social work preadmission screening and assessment is compared with postadmission screening and assessment. Outcome variables include length of stay, readmission rates, posthospital home management, resource attainment, and satisfaction with hospital services. The patients screened postadmission were assessed within forty-eight hours of admission, while the patients screened preadmission were assessed one to two weeks prior to admission. Telephone follow-up was conducted with both groups. Preadmission patients reported better home management and attained more resources. Patients' satisfaction with hospital care was inversely related to the need for more resources in the post-hospital period. PMID- 3232094 TI - Performance priorities and administrative practice in hospital social work departments. AB - This article reports the results of a study which examined the performance priorities of 55 hospital social service departments, as reported by their directors. The findings indicate that departments give highest priority to certain output/productivity goals such as timely discharge and documenting service activities. Performance goals dealing with service quality and domain maintenance do not have as high priorities, but they do receive attention. The data suggest that how departments set priorities may be influenced, in part, by what important constituents, such as hospital administrators, consider important. Implications of these findings for the management of hospital social work departments are discussed. PMID- 3232095 TI - Time management in health care social work. AB - Health care social workers face significant problems in controlling and managing time. Among the causes are increased demands for service, economy measures in health care, and the concurrent responsibility which social workers often have for both ongoing case management and crisis coverage. Individuals and social work departments can increase productivity through streamlining case management, increasing use of available resources, and generating new resources. With planning and preparation, many emergencies can be moved into the expected work flow. The social work profession needs to address time management problems and expectations in a more realistic and systematic way. PMID- 3232097 TI - A social worker comments: some implications for social work practice in health care settings. PMID- 3232096 TI - Forcing services on at-risk older adults: when doing good is not so good. AB - This essay examines the interplay between the ethical principles of autonomy and beneficence in the context of deciding whether to intervene in the life of an at risk older adult by providing health and human services over the older person's objection. The need to distinguish between the rights and welfare of the older client, on one hand, and the interests and drives of the professional caregiver, on the other hand, is emphasized. PMID- 3232098 TI - Assessing the foreseeable risks in discharge planning: the challenge of discharging the brain-injured patient. AB - Hospital discharge planning is a challenging and complex task, which becomes increasingly difficult when the patient has suffered brain injury or cognitive impairment. The social worker is often in the conflicting roles of trying to serve the best interests of the patient as well as serving the institution in the discharge planning process. This paper is intended to be a practical guide to examine the issues involved in discharge planning from the perspective of the hospital's duties, with consideration being given to the potential risks to the patient. PMID- 3232099 TI - To certify or not to certify: clinical social work decisions and involuntary hospitalization. AB - This research compares, on a variety of clinical and contextual factors, case episodes in which Clinical Social Workers decided to certify patients for involuntary hospitalization with those episodes where they decided not to certify them. A cross-sectional exploratory design was developed, and descriptive data was collected using a modified critical incident technique and a structured interview schedule. Among certified cases, the dangerousness of the patient was the major reason for certification, especially dangerousness to others. Lack of dangerousness to others and use of alternatives to involuntary hospitalization were major factors in the decision not to certify. Schizophrenic disorders were most frequently identified in certified patients; depressive and neurotic conditions in non-certified cases. PMID- 3232102 TI - Advertising in ophthalmology. II. Advertising is a defensible aspect of free enterprise. PMID- 3232100 TI - Bumpy muscles. AB - A 63-year-old man developed bilateral conjunctival injection and irritation followed by periocular discomfort and diplopia. Within weeks left proptosis and intermittent fever were noted. Orbital CT scan showed bilateral nodular enlargement of multiple extraocular muscles. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the extraocular muscles revealed neoplastic cells compatible with a renal cell carcinoma. The bilateral extraocular muscle metastases were the initial manifestations of the underlying malignancy. PMID- 3232101 TI - Advertising in ophthalmology. I. Advertising is a threat to professional autonomy. AB - In 1977 the United States Supreme Court ruled that medicine was legally a "trade" and that physicians could not be prohibited from advertising. Since then the ethics and effects of advertising by ophthalmologists have been a source of controversy among ophthalmologists and within professional organizations. What are the effects of advertising on the patient? On the professional image and autonomy of ophthalmologists? These questions are explored in separate statements by authors with differing viewpoints, and summarized in an editorial comment. PMID- 3232103 TI - Advertising in ophthalmology. PMID- 3232104 TI - The effect of polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) on oral infiltration anaesthesia. An experimental investigation. AB - The possibilities to discontinue the anaesthetic effect using supplementary substances were studied. This investigation showed that administration of polyphloretin phosphate (PPP), 15 minutes after local anaesthetic injection, decreased the duration of infiltration anaesthesia of human teeth. The same result was also found when PPP was replaced by saline solution. However no effect on the duration of soft tissue anaesthesia was noted. There were no signs of adverse reactions. PMID- 3232106 TI - Healing of experimental midline osteotomies in the rat palate. AB - An experimental study in the white rat (Sprague-Dawley) was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of fisula formation after palatal midline osteotomies as used in surgical-orthodontic "rapid-expansion" procedures. The mucosal incision was made in the palatal midline above the osteotomy region. The healing process was followed during three and six weeks in two groups of animals. In one of the groups the width of the osteotomy was one millimeter and in the other two millimeters. The frequency of fistula formation was in the larger osteotomy group higher and reached 85% after six weeks healing. The frequency of fistula formation was never less than 33%. Osteoid formation in the osteotomy region was almost nill in all cases. PMID- 3232105 TI - Fluoride uptake on dry versus water-saliva wetted human enamel surfaces in vitro after topical application of a varnish (Duraphat) containing fluoride. AB - The uptake of fluoride was studied in vitro after application of Duraphat varnish on dry versus wetted enamel surfaces. 30 sound premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly divided into three experimental groups. Duraphat varnish was topically applied for 6 hours to the air dried surfaces of ten teeth (group 1). In group 2, 10 teeth were also treated with Duraphat but the enamel surfaces were water-wetted. In group 3, surfaces were wetted with fresh chewing-stimulated human saliva. The varnish was allowed to remain on the surfaces for 6 hours in all groups whereafter all teeth stored in synthetic saliva (37 degrees C) for one week before F-analysis performed by the acid etching method. The results indicate that the F-uptake from Duraphat varnish is increased significantly by its application to dry surfaces compared to wetted surfaces. This observation may be of clinical importance and should be further investigated. PMID- 3232108 TI - Abstracts: 25th annual congress of the Swedish Dental Society. November 23-25, 1988. PMID- 3232107 TI - Dental health and dental health behaviour in 8-year-old Finnish immigrant children in the north of Sweden. AB - The aim was to investigate whether the observed difference in dental health between Finnish immigrant children and Swedish children at ages 4-6 persisted at the age of eight. The study also included knowledge of dental health and dental health behaviour. Dmft, dmfs, DMFT, DMFS and GBI were recorded in 70 Finnish and 97 Swedish children included in an earlier study. The children were interviewed about toothbrushing frequency, use of fluoride and dietary habits. Questions about knowledge of dental health were included. Dmfs and DFS averaged 13.1 and 3.8 for the Finnish children and 8.9 and 2.6 for the Swedish. Only 19% of the Finnish and 28% of the Swedish children had cariesfree permanent teeth. The mean GBI was 7.9% in the Finnish and 5.9% in the Swedish group. More Finnish children had bad or poor dietary habits, with more frequent between-meal eating of sucrose containing products than the Swedish children. There were no statistically significant differences in the use of fluorides or in individual prophylaxis within the last 36 months. PMID- 3232109 TI - Helicopter transport of patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3232110 TI - Youthful worries about nuclear war. PMID- 3232111 TI - El Paso: the HIV-1 epidemic and medical planning. PMID- 3232112 TI - Super-legislature in session: recent opinions of the Texas Supreme Court. PMID- 3232113 TI - The role of the Texas judiciary in the political process. PMID- 3232114 TI - Allelic frequencies given the sample's common ancestral type. AB - A general formula is derived for finding the expected proportion of genes in a random sample of n genes which are of a particular allelic type given the type of the sample's common ancestor. Expressions of these expectations are obtained for the 2-allele, K-allele, infinitely many alleles, and stepwise mutation models. Numerical examples for the stepwise mutation model are also tabulated. PMID- 3232117 TI - Regular systems of inbreeding with mutation. AB - Probability of identity by type is studied for regular systems of inbreeding in the presence of mutation. Analytic results are presented for half-sib mating, first cousin mating, and half nth cousin mating under both infinite allele and two allele (back mutation) models. Reasonable rates of mutation do not provide significantly different results from probability of identity by descent in the absence of mutation. Homozygosity is higher under half-sib mating than under first cousin mating, but the expected number of copies of a gene in the population is higher under first cousin mating than under half-sib mating. PMID- 3232116 TI - Processes of pair formation leading to assortative mating in biological populations: dynamic interaction model. AB - A model of pair formation that treats mating between two individuals as a dynamic process rather than an instant event is suggested. A number of cases corresponding to polygamous and monogamous matings of individuals are considered. The individual mating preferences are represented in the model by a set of "compatibility probabilities." It is shown that the mating pattern (the distribution of characters among mating pairs) established in a population as a result of the process of pair formation does not uniquely reflect the pattern of mating preferences. Quite different mating patterns may occur in populations with very similar mating preferences, as well as similar mating patterns may occur in populations with different individual mating preferences. The model demonstrates that not only mating preferences of individuals but also specific mechanisms of pair formation play an important role in determining the mating pattern of a population. PMID- 3232115 TI - The effect of the reproductive system on mutation load. AB - J. B. S. Haldane (Amer. Nat. 71, 337-349, 1937) argued that, in equilibrium populations, the effect of deleterious mutation on average fitness depends primarily on the mutation rate and is independent of the severity of the mutations. Specifically, the equilibrium population fitness is e-microH, where microH is the haploid genomic mutation rate. Here we extend Haldane's result to a variety of reproductive systems. Using an analysis based on the frequency of classes of individuals with a specified number of mutations, we show that Haldane's principle holds exactly for haploid sex, haploid apomixis, and facultative haploid sex. In the cases of diploid automixis with terminal fusion, diploid automixis with central fusion, and diploid selfing, Haldane's principle holds exactly for recessive mutations and approximately for mutations with some heterozygous effect. In the cases of K-ploid apomixis, diploid endomitosis, and haplodiploidy, we show that Haldane's principle holds exactly for recessive lethal mutations. In addition we extend Haldane's result to various mixtures of the above-mentioned reproductive systems. In the case of diploid out-crossing sexuals, we do not obtain an exact analytic result, but present arguments and computer simulations which show that Haldane's result extends to this case as well in the limit as the number of loci becomes large. Although diverse reproductive systems are equally fit at equilibrium, different reproductive systems harbor vastly different numbers of recessive genes at equilibrium and we provide estimates of these numbers. These different numbers of mutations may create transient selective pressures on individuals with reproductive systems different from that of the equilibrium population. PMID- 3232118 TI - On the evolution of genetic incompatibility systems. III. Introduction of weak gametophytic self-incompatibility under partial inbreeding. AB - I explore the proposition that genetic incompatibility systems serve as a means for parents to evaluate and discriminate among their own offspring. Conditions for the initial increase of gametophytic self-incompatibility in a self compatible population undergoing selfing, sibmating, and random outcrossing are reported. The adaptive value of reducing the concordance between offspring and maternal genotypes depends upon the relative changes in the numbers of offspring derived by the three modes, parent-offspring relatedness, and the magnitude of distortion of transmission ratios through pollen. Recessivity of stylar expression and low rates of receipt of pollen from related individuals facilitate the evolution of self-incompatibility. Viewed as a means of preferential maternal investment in offspring of high quality, self-incompatibility may be regarded as serving a function in common with diverse phenomena, including sexual selection, brood reduction, and other forms of prezygotic and postzygotic incompatibility. Associations between incompatibility loci and loci expressing inbreeding depression are expected to improve the reliability of the level of concordance at incompatibility loci as a measure of genomic homozygosity and offspring quality. PMID- 3232119 TI - Inclusive fitness models with two sexes. AB - Much recent work has focused on the transition from G. R. Price's (1970, Nature 227, 520-521) formula for allele frequency change to an inclusive fitness condition for the selective advantage of a certain behaviour. In case there is any kind of asymmetry between the sexes, the analysis must keep track of the two sexes separately, and this leads to a number of different forms of the expression for inclusive fitness. In this paper I gather these forms together and note the assumptions needed to make each valid. I also show how inclusive fitness should be formulated when the behaviour of the actor is controlled by another individual. I illustrate the inclusive fitness approach with a sex allocation example in a haplodiploid population with a local breeding structure. PMID- 3232120 TI - A general asymptotic property of two-locus selection models. AB - It is shown that any two-locus, two-allele model of selection with constant fitnesses has at least one polymorphic equilibrium for which the linkage association measure, D, is arbitrarily close to zero for large enough recombination, R. As R----+/- infinity, D----0 in such a way that the product l = RD----a non-zero finite constant. There may be 1, 3, or 5 distinct asymptotic equilibria, depending upon fitness parameters. PMID- 3232121 TI - Models of growth with density regulation in more than one life stage. AB - Discrete-time models of growth of populations with nonoverlapping generations and density regulation in two life stages are studied. It is assumed that there is no delay in the effects of density. Assigning exponential, linear, or hyperbolic functions to describe the dependence of preadult survival and fecundity on density, nine models are obtained. The dynamics of the model resulting from using the exponential function to describe the density dependence of both preadult survival and fecundity is analyzed: for large values of the intrinsic rate of increase there may exist up to three equilibrium population sizes, two stable. This indicates that a life history with two episodes of density regulation can give origin to alternative stable states. The models are fitted to recruitment data from growth experiments of Drosophila laboratory populations obtained with the Serial Transfer System Type 2 (Ayala et al., 1973. Theor. Pop. Biol. 4, 331 356) and collected by other authors. The results of the fittings suggest that this recruitment data can be adequately described with the models. PMID- 3232122 TI - Heparin clearance and ex vivo recovery in newborn piglets and adult pigs. AB - The newborn infant requires more heparin per kg body weight than the adult to achieve similar heparin plasma levels. Possible mechanisms include altered heparin pharmacokinetics and/or a decreased expression of anticoagulant activity of heparin in new-born plasma because of low levels of antithrombin III (AT-III). We measured the pharmacokinetics and the anticoagulant activity of heparin in the pig (AT-III level: 100%), in the piglet (levels of AT-III: 50% of adult) and the piglet given exogenous porcine AT-III. All pigs were bolused with 125I-heparin (25 or 100 units/kg) and blood samples collected for the measurement of 125I radioactivity, and antifactor Xa activity. The half-life of 125I-heparin was dose dependent and similar in pigs and piglets; however, the volume of distribution was greater in the newborn resulting in an increased total clearance compared to the pig. The anti-factor Xa activity disappeared earlier in the piglet than in the pig. Both the kinetics and the absolute recovery of anti-factor Xa activity were normalized to pig values (after correction for different volumes of distribution) when the piglets were infused with exogenous AT-III. Thus apparent heparin resistance of the newborn is due to both an increased volume of distribution and the low AT-III level which limits the measurement of the anticoagulant activity of heparin in conventional anti-factor Xa assays. PMID- 3232123 TI - The degradation of platelet-activating factor in serum and its discriminative value in atherosclerotic patients. AB - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is transformed in vivo rapidly into the biologically inactive lyso-PAF. This reaction as well as lipid parameters were quantified in serum from 40 survivors of myocardial infarction and 36 healthy controls matched for age and body weight. The PAF-degrading capacity was 23% (p less than 0.001) higher in patients compared with the control group. Using the degradation of PAF as an univariate discriminator more than 70% of subjects were classified correctly. This is comparable with the discriminatory value of the best lipid variables, apolipoprotein B and HDL-cholesterol. Statistically significant differences in the degradation of PAF were found also by comparing subgroups which were matched for plasma levels of total cholesterol, VLDL/LDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein B. The ratio by 48% (p less than 0.0001) in the case group was identified as an additional good discriminator between both groups. In contrast, platelet aggregation tests which were performed in acetylsalicyclic acid treated platelet-rich plasma discriminated poorly between patients and controls. PMID- 3232124 TI - A direct-acting fibrinolytic enzyme from the venom of Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix: effects on various components of the human blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems. AB - A direct acting fibrinolytic enzyme (fibrolase) has been isolated from venom of the southern copperhead snake (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix). Time-course experiments established that the venom enzyme cleaves primarily the A alpha-chain of human fibrinogen and fibrin between the Lys-413 and Leu-414 position. The B beta-chain is cleaved more slowly, while the gamma-chain is minimally affected. The cleavage pattern of fibrinogen and fibrin clearly varies from plasmin cleavage of the same molecules. The enzyme does not activate plasminogen or protein c and it is thus different from "Protac", a protein c activator isolated from the same venom. PMID- 3232125 TI - Importance of a 3-O-sulfate group in a heparin pentasaccharide for antithrombotic activity. AB - Previous theoretical and experimental evidence led to the formulation of a specific pentasaccharide structure which represents the site in heparin for binding to antithrombin III. This pentasaccharide was subsequently synthesized. A pentasaccharide of the same structure but lacking only the sulfate group on the hydroxyl group of the middle glucosamine (position C-3) was also synthesized to test the structure - activity relationships. Previous biochemical studies showed the 3-O-desulfated pentasaccharide to have a low affinity binding to AT III and to be devoid of the high anti-factor Xa activity characteristic of the pentasaccharide. Our in vivo studies, in a venous stasis thrombosis model proved the 3-O-desulfated pentasaccharide, at equigravimetric dosages, to be devoid of the antithrombotic activity previously reported for the pentasaccharide. These studies confirm the fact that inhibition of factor Xa at a high level of activity produces an antithrombotic effect. PMID- 3232126 TI - Strain enhancement of elastic modulus in fine fibrin clots. AB - Fine fibrin clots, prepared at pH 8.5, ionic strength 0.45, with minimal lateral aggregation of protofibrils, and ligated (cross-linked) by factor XIIIa, were subjected to constant static shear strain (gamma) with superposed small oscillating strains. The incremental shear modulus (dynamic storage modulus) measured in the oscillating deformations was strain-independent at small static strains (up to about 0.1) and approximately equal to the static modulus. At higher static strains, it increased rapidly, up by a factor of 5 to 8 at gamma = 0.35. Comparison with earlier data on unligated clots showed that the enhancement of stiffness was independent of ligation except at very high strains. The enhancement is attributed to additional forced contacts between network fibers as the strands are bent and oriented. When the static strain was maintained for up to one day, in a clot ligated by factor XIIIa the enhanced incremental modulus remained constant or decreased slightly, and after removal of stress the clot returned almost to its original shape. This contrasts with the behavior of unligated clots, where most of the enhancement was progressively lost as the incremental modulus fell toward its small-strain value, and there was a substantial permanent deformation after the removal of stress. The latter behavior has been attributed to gradual severance of network strands at high strains, followed by their rejoining in relaxed configurations, but leaving some structural damage that is only very slowly recovered in the resting state. Ligation of protofibrils evidently eliminates the possibility of strand rupture. PMID- 3232127 TI - Potentiation of platelet interaction with collagen substrates by heparin is insensitive to aspirin. AB - The effects of two standard, unfractionated heparin preparations on collagen induced adhesion and aggregation of platelets were studied by Born aggregometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa (HI) and from bovine lung (HL) added to human PRP in the concentration of 2.5 to 5.0 U/ml (1) did not induce platelet aggregation in suspension by itself but stimulated it in combination with the subthreshold doses of fibrillar human collagen type III (CIII); (2) increased by 1.5-2.0 fold the adhesion, but did not affect platelet spreading on a surface coated with human collagen type IV (CIV); and (3) enlarged by 2.5-3.0 fold the area of the CIII-coated surface covered with aggregates, increasing both the number and the size of surface-bound aggregates. Aspirin blocked platelet aggregation in suspension induced by low, near threshold doses, of fibrillar CIII and by subthreshold doses of CIII in combination with heparin, but had no effect on platelet aggregation induced by high (greater than 10 threshold) doses of CIII. Aspirin failed to decrease platelet adhesion to and spreading on CIV substrate, and formation of surface-bound aggregates on CIII substrate in the absence as well as in the presence of heparin. PMID- 3232128 TI - Blocking of the receptor-stimulated calcium entry into human platelets by verapamil and nicardipine. AB - Verapamil (ED50 = 3 x 10(-6) M) and nicardipine (ED50 = 10(-6) M) inhibited the platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced increase of free cytosolic calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) in quin2-loaded human platelets. In a Ca-free medium containing 5 mM BaCl2, PAF stimulated the inflow of Ba2+ ions which is completely abolished by verapamil and nicardipine. Simultaneous determination of quin2 fluorescence and 45Ca absorption showed that the action of verapamil is accounted for by blocking of the Ca2+ entry. Nicardipine suppresses also Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. The effects of verapamil and nicardipine are not competitive with respect to PAF. The blockers reduce the [Ca2+]i increase induced by ADP, vasopressin, and PGH2 analogue U46619. PMID- 3232130 TI - Long-term effects of ticlopidine on fibrinogen and haemorheology in patients with peripheral arterial disease. AB - The effects of ticlopidine treatment (250 mg b.i.d. for 21 months) on fibrinogen and other rheological variables, as compared to placebo, were studied in 44 patients with intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Blood samples were collected every 3 months during this double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial which lasted 21 months. Consistently lower values of fibrinogen, haematocrit and whole blood viscosity at high and low shear rate levels were found in the ticlopidine group; the intergroup differences were statistically significant at most but not all follow-up examinations. A significant time-related variance was observed in the ticlopidine group for the measured variables, also after correction for the variability found in the placebo group. Thus, the observed changes in the ticlopidine group are mainly treatment related. These effects on fibrinogen and haemorheology may contribute, besides the known antiplatelet activity of the drug, to the clinical improvement reported in a larger group of claudicants to which the present subset of patients belong. PMID- 3232129 TI - Application of spray-freezing to the study of rapid platelet reactions by a quenched-flow approach. AB - A spray-freezing approach coupled to quenched-flow techniques has been developed to study rapid (0.3-5.0 s) biochemical and morphological changes during platelet activation. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) pumped through the quenched-flow system was atomized and quenched within 50 ms in liquid propane at -196 degrees C. Analysis of platelet size and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that platelets can be sprayed without morphological damage. The spray frozen platelets can be subjected to freeze-fracture, freeze-substitution, or freeze-drying procedures for later analysis by electron microscopy. Quenched-flow techniques have permitted investigation of rapid increases in cytosolic calcium protein phosphorylation and morphological changes which occur within 0.5 s after exposure to an activator. The combination of quenched-flow and spray-freezing methodologies should prove useful for studying equally rapid changes in protein distribution in activated platelets by means of electron microscopy coupled with immunocytochemical approaches. PMID- 3232131 TI - Platelet functional changes secondary to hepatocholestasis and elevation of serum bile acids. PMID- 3232132 TI - Hemodynamic changes following experimental production and correction of acute mitral regurgitation with an adjustable ring prosthesis. AB - The hemodynamic effects of acute mitral regurgitation (MR) were investigated using a newly designed adjustable mitral ring prosthesis with remote control mechanism, implanted in mongrel dogs. The prosthesis allows to dilate the mitral annulus from outside the beating heart, and to create reversible MR of any desired degree without injuring the mitral valve apparatus. Dilatation of the mitral annulus by 25% of its circumference led to MR of angiographic grade 3+. Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) dropped by 20%; dp/dtmax of the left ventricle by 16% and forward cardiac output (CO) by 31%. Left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) rose by 41%. The amplitude of the v-wave of the left atrium (LA) doubled, and mean LA pressure rose by 33%. If correction was carried out within one hour, then all parameters returned to normal. Maintaining the same degree of annular dilatation for two hours led to a further marked deterioration of the hemodynamics. LVSP dropped by 40%, dp/dtmax by 32% and CO by 58%. LVEDP rose by 160%. The amplitude of the v-wave of the LA increased by 300% and mean LA pressure doubled. MR, as determined by contrast 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DCE) intraoperatively, further increased in severity during the second hour, though annular size remained unchanged. In contrast to correction after one hour, correction carried out after two hours led to a slow, and, even after 12 hours, incomplete recovery. Electron microscope studies suggest papillary muscle dysfunction as a major cause of these late and partially irreversible changes. PMID- 3232133 TI - Intraaortic balloon pumping in the treatment of low cardiac output following open heart surgery--immediate results and long-term prognosis. AB - From 1979 through 1986, 90 patients required intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) due to low cardiac output complicating open heart surgery. Preoperatively, functional class III or IV was present in 92%; in patients with coronary artery disease (n = 54), three-vessel or left main disease was found in 72%; patients with valvular disease (n = 37) generally had multiple surgical procedures or valve re-replacement performed. Intra-IABP mortality was 49% (n = 44) and 30-day mortality 61% (n = 55). The latter figure decreased from 75% in 1979-81 to 53% in 1985-86. Cumulative 5-year survival was 22%. Logistic regression analysis identified as independent predictors of 30 day mortality the necessity for adjuvant treatment with the more powerful "pressure drugs" isoprenaline/noradrenaline, number of DC-defibrillations, functional classes III IV, and chronic left ventricular failure. Different combinations of these risk factors identified different patient groups with 30-day mortalities ranging from 100% to 0%. The risk factors reflected both acute cardiac failure probably due to severe ischemia and chronic failure due to advanced primary disease. Taking the high-risk composition of the material into account, a 5-year survival of 22% cannot be regarded as discouraging. Continued employment of IABP treatment in open heart surgery, using an aggressive approach coupled with individualized inotropic support, seems justified. PMID- 3232134 TI - Asymptomatic myocardial abscess. AB - This report describes a rare case of an asymptomatic myocardial abscess which was not associated with infective endocarditis but was diagnosed to be a tumor and treated by open-heart surgery. A 69-year-old patient without a history of endocarditis or myocardial infarction was submitted to invasive cardiac diagnostics after an embolic event in the brachial artery. Investigation revealed an "intracardiac tumor" and the patient subsequently underwent open-heart surgery. After cardiotomy the suggested tumor was found in the posterior wall of the left atrium adjacent to the mitral ring, appearing as a circumscribed, indurated, and plane area. After incision for biopsy, a cheesy pus emptied from a cavity. The tissue sections showed an intramural myocardial abscess. Because of the extent, location and the character of the abscess, the cavity was closed after rinsing using mattress sutures. The postoperative course was uncomplicated. This report demonstrates that in suspected cardiac tumors a myocardial abscess should be considered in any differential diagnosis despite the rarity of the event, since the diagnosis of the myocardial abscess is not an absolute indication for surgical intervention. PMID- 3232135 TI - Implantation of 20 cm long polyurethane vascular prostheses in the femoral artery of dogs. Preliminary results. AB - In a preliminary experiment externally reinforced polyurethane prostheses measuring 20 cm in length, with an inner diameter of 3 mm, were implanted in a loop in the femoral artery of six dogs. The dogs received 250 mg acetylsalicylic acid and 25 mg dipyridamol three times a day as anti-thrombocyte aggregation therapy starting three weeks prior to surgery. Anti-thrombocyte aggregation therapy was continued throughout the study. All prostheses remained patent 8, 9, 15 and 17 months after implantation. Patency was confirmed by palpation and Doppler ultrasound measurements. Preliminary results suggest that in clinically relevant situations, these prostheses could function well over prolonged periods of time. PMID- 3232136 TI - Surgical treatment of childhood pleural empyema. AB - From June 1977 to January 1987, 175 patients underwent surgical treatment of childhood pleural empyema. The surgical treatment consisted of tube drainage in 159 (90%) cases, decortication in 31 (17%) cases, pleuropneumonectomy in 2, lobectomy in 1, and partial thoracoplasty in one cases. There were 2 hospital deaths (14 and 26 days after admission). Late recurrences didn't occur, except in one case where a partial thoracoplasty was necessary. During the follow-up of 11 to 120 months (mean 32 months) examinations were done by chest radiographs. We believe that, children with loculated empyema can be treated successfully with antibiotics and chest tube drainage in early stage. The tube drainage is a more effective method than the other surgical procedures. Few patients require open drainage, and further surgery is rarely required. PMID- 3232137 TI - [Hemodynamics in the early postoperative period after thoracotomy and lung resection]. AB - To evaluate how necessary and helpful invasive hemodynamic measurements after thoracic surgery are we studied 25 patients after pneumonectomies (n = 5), lobectomies and bilobectomies (n = 10), partial lobectomies (n = 6) and thoracotomies without lung resection (n = 4). Measurements were taken between half an hour and eighteen hours after closure of the rib cage using a preoperatively introduced Swan-Ganz-catheter. Pulmonary resistance was elevated in 12 out of 17 cases. 6 out of 25 patients had a mean pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 20 Torr. The cardiac index was below the lower limit of normal in 16 of 23 cases. 5 patients had an increased stroke work index. There was no correlation between the hemodynamic parameters and the type of surgery. In 7 patients the measurements indicated hypovolemia. Isolated right or left sided cardiac insufficiency was noted in one case each. Four patients received nitroglycerin intravenously resulting in a dose-dependent reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary resistance and heart work. Hemodynamic monitoring with a Swan-Ganz-catheter seems not to be necessary in every case. But it proved to be a safe method which can help in the management of high-risk patients. PMID- 3232138 TI - Phagocytic and motile properties of endothelial cells measured magnetometrically: effects of endotoxin. AB - Endothelial cells lining the vasculature share some properties with macrophages and neutrophils in that they can take up material from the blood and are known to migrate, particularly during wound healing. We observed that endothelial cells isolated from bovine pulmonary arteries ingested magnetic iron oxide particles during culture in vitro. Using a non-optical, magnetometric method, we examined motions of magnetic-particle containing intracellular vacuoles. We demonstrated that these organelles move within endothelial cells, but at a slower rate than phagosomes within macrophages. Magnetometry was used to show that incubation with endotoxin (10 micrograms/ml) for 4 hr resulted in a decrease in cytoplasmic movement; yet the fluidity of the cytoplasm was increased, as measured by intracellular particle response to forced motion. We conclude that intracellular magnetic probe particles can detect vesicular motion in endothelial cells, and that endotoxin exposure can affect endothelial cells directly, altering their physical properties; these alterations precede ultrastructural evidence of cell death. PMID- 3232139 TI - Fine structure of the Malpighian tubules of chironomus larva in relation to glycogen storage and fate of hemoglobin. AB - The larval Malpighian tubules of Chironomus tentans were studied using light and electron microscopy. The tubules are composed of two cell types: primary and stellate cells. Both cell types lack muscles, tracheoles, and laminate crystals in the cytoplasm and mitochondria in the microvilli. The primary cells exhibit long, wide basal membrane infoldings associated with mitochondria. They have a number of canaliculi and long, closely packed microvilli. The stellate cells possess shorter interconnecting basal infoldings and shorter, well-spaced microvilli. Both cell types are linked by septate and gap junctions. They have cytoplasmic processes and pedicels which enclose narrow slits between them and that are apposed to a basal lamella. In the 'fed' larva, the cells are stuffed with glycogen which is depleted in the 'starved' larva. Both cell types are involved in the vesicular transport of biliverdin. The presence of coated vesicles, tubular elements and various forms of lysosomes in the primary cells suggests they transport and break down functional hemoglobin. Structural modification of basal infoldings, canaliculi and microvilli is strongly correlated with increased secretory activity of the Malpighian tubules in 'fed' versus 'starved' larva. PMID- 3232140 TI - Fine structural aspects of secretory processes in a pentastomid arthropod parasite in its mouse and rattlesnake hosts. AB - The histology and development of three extensive glands in the porocephalid pentastomid Porocephalus crotali is described by light and electron microscopy, during growth of the parasite to an infective stage in the tissues of mouse; the infective stage in rattlesnake definitive hosts is also included. These glands elaborate excretory/secretory components which are channelled, via chitin-lined efferent ductules, on to the parasite cuticle. Hook and frontal glands are relatively compact, and within each gland ductules serving individual secretory lobules collect into common ducts which discharge over each of the four hooks, or at the anterior margin of the cephalothorax respectively. Subparietal gland cell lobules, composed of two large and two small secretory cells, are distributed under the cuticle and each is served by a single efferent ductule; these erupt over the entire cuticle. The large cells in subparietal glands secrete lamellate droplets which coat the cuticle with thin layers. Identical cells are found in hook and frontal glands, in addition to to three morphologically distinct types of protein secretory cell. Preliminary data on the composition and immunological properties of the various secretory products are presented. PMID- 3232142 TI - Studies on the host/parasite interface during the development of a pentastomid arthropod parasite in rodent intermediate hosts, with observations on protective surface membranes. AB - The changing structure of the cuticle of the arthropod pentastomid parasite Porocephalus crotali, during growth to the infective stage in mouse and rattlesnake hosts, is described. The outermost cuticulin layer of the cuticle in instars II-VI is elevated to form a dense mat of epicuticular hairs. Since the VI larval cuticle is retained by the infective (VII) nymph as a protective sheath, effectively all stages in mice present a hairy surface to the host and this may constitute a physical barrier to inflammatory cells. The entire surface is overlain by a triple-track 'unit' membrane whose biophysical properties resemble those of a conventional plasma membrane, and there is evidence to suggest that this membrane is susceptible to immune attack. Under natural circumstances, epicuticular hairs entrap secretion, delivered to the cuticle via innumerable minute ducts which communicate with tegumental secretory cells termed subparietal cells (SPC). SPC synthesize lamellate droplets which unfold on the cuticle to constitute a layer of protective polymorphic vesicles. By contrast, infective nymphs in snakes possess a smooth cuticle and SPC membranous secretion is stacked over the entire surface, in sheets up to 20 deep. The function of the lipid and protein components of SPC secretion is discussed. PMID- 3232143 TI - Elasmobranch tissue culture: in vitro growth of brain explants from a shark (Rhizoprionodon) and dogfish (Squalus). AB - Brain explants from a Caribbean sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon porosus) and six spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) were cultured at 22 degrees C in Leibovitz L-15 medium, 1000 mOsmol, with 350 mM urea, 20 mM added NaCl, and either 2% fetal bovine serum, 2% bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) serum, or 2% spiny dogfish serum. Cell outgrowth from explants appeared after 1 month. Cells were subcultured once with 20% survival, and were viable at termination of the trials 6 months later. Cell morphology appeared normal throughout the experiment. PMID- 3232141 TI - The effects of thermally-induced activity in vivo upon the ultrastructure and Na, K and Cl composition of the epithelial cells of sweat glands from patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - The secretory cells of the fundus of sweat glands from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients had higher Na and Cl contents and showed more granule depletion, cellular disruption and dilated intercellular canaliculi than normal. The cells of the coiled duct also had higher cytoplasmic levels of Na and Cl but were structurally normal. Thermal stimulation produced ultrastructural changes in the CF fundus comparable to normal, including further dilatation of the basolateral clefts, but did not induce the marked changes in the coiled duct which normally occur. The elevated Na and fall in K in the fundus and raised Na and Cl in the coiled duct upon activation, were not observed in the CF glands in which no significant changes were detected. PMID- 3232144 TI - Effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on healing of chronic gastric ulcers and gastric acid secretion in rats. AB - The effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on healing of chronic gastric ulcers and gastric acid secretion was investigated in rats. The effect of three doses of omeprazole given orally once daily for 25 days was investigated. In controls median ulcer healing was 19.6% after 25 days. Omeprazole increased median ulcer healing from 36% at 145 mumole/kg/day to 80% at 580 mumole/kg/day. Basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion decreased dose-dependently by nearly 90% at a dose of 580 mumole/kg/day 22-24 hr after the last dose of omeprazole. Cimetidine given twice daily, in a dose that initially inhibits gastric acid secretion by 95%, reduced acid secretion by only 50% 11 hr after the last dose. Median ulcer healing after treatment with cimetidine for 25 days was 41%. This study demonstrates that omeprazole has a more long-acting inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion compared to cimetidine and accelerates healing of chronic gastric ulcers dose-dependently in rats. PMID- 3232146 TI - Assessment of left ventricular function in patients with mitral regurgitation: value of the forward ejection fraction. AB - This study was aimed at assessing the value of preoperative forward ejection fraction (FEF) and corrected forward ejection fraction (CFEF) as an index of postoperative myocardial function. Utilizing 34 patients with mitral regurgitation, usefulness of the preoperative FEF and CFEF was evaluated with special reference to incidence of postoperative low output syndrome (LOS) and improvement in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, comparing other indices of left ventricular function such as cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI). There was a significant correlation between FEF and CI, SI, LVEDVI or LVESVI, and between CFEF and CI, SI, LVEDVI or LVESVI. The FEF and CFEF, however, were better indicators for predicting the occurrence of postoperative LOS than EF. Postoperative improvements in the NYHA classification were parallel to that of the FEF and CFEF changes, but did not coincide with that of the EF. Based on these findings, it is concluded that FEF and CFEF are more useful indicators than EF for evaluation of left ventricular myocardial performance in patients with mitral regurgitation. PMID- 3232145 TI - A case report of a "necrotizing" entero-colo-proctitis in the adult. AB - We experienced a patient who died of diarrhea after an operation for glioblastoma. The mucosa of the small and large intestines were entirely denudated. Although the etiology is not clear, this case is supposed to be a very rare one of "necrotizing" enterocolitis in the adult occurring after an operation on a brain tumor. PMID- 3232147 TI - Severe acute exacerbation in chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Sendai, Japan. AB - In order to examine the clinical features of severe acute exacerbation in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 297 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers were followed for 35 +/- 22 months (mean +/- S.D.) in Tohoku University Hospital from 1976 to 1987. Of these, 10 experienced severe acute exacerbation with hepatic decompensation. All of these patients had intense subjective symptoms related to the hepatitis. They were all icteric and 8 had ascites. Three developed to fulminant hepatic failure, eventually died. Histology after the exacerbation showed severe hepatic damage such as massive hepatic necrosis and bridging hepatic necrosis in a half of them. Six cases were suspected to result from spontaneous reactivation and 2 from drug-induced reactivation of chronic HBV infection, and the other 2 from superinfection with non-A, non-B hepatitis agent (s). These results suggest that the reactivation of chronic HBV infection is an important factor of severe acute exacerbations in chronic HBV infection in Japan. PMID- 3232148 TI - Relation of prognosis of peripheral facial nerve palsy to the period between onset of illness and date of denervation. AB - The presence or absence of the denervation is one of the important factors to determine the prognosis of peripheral facial nerve palsy and it is generally accepted that the denervation becomes apparent within 2 weeks from the onset of illness. In the present study, 62 cases with denervation in which nerve excitability test (NET) was possible within 1 week from the onset of illness were selected for analysis. Although 47 cases exhibited the denervation within 2 weeks, it was first detected after 2 weeks in other 15. Although the prognosis was far better in the latter group, 2 cases exhibited the unfavorable recovery. These results indicate the importance of NET even 2 weeks after the onset of illness. PMID- 3232149 TI - Theft in the health care industry. PMID- 3232150 TI - Foreword. PMID- 3232151 TI - Organization. PMID- 3232152 TI - Finance management. PMID- 3232153 TI - Computer fraud. PMID- 3232154 TI - Fraud in procurement. PMID- 3232155 TI - The drug problem. PMID- 3232156 TI - Cash and billing problems. PMID- 3232157 TI - Security. PMID- 3232158 TI - A recent survey on procurement. PMID- 3232159 TI - A summary of recommendations. AB - To achieve a system of integrated security and loss prevention, the hospital should use the "inventory of exposure" principle. If the above suggestions are followed, an institution will come a long way in decreasing the levels of fraud and abuse it currently experiences. PMID- 3232160 TI - Antral mucosal bile acids in two types of chronic atrophic gastritis. AB - Bile acids may damage the gastric mucosa, and they are cocarcinogenic in experimental colonic and gastric cancer. Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia (CAGIM) are associated with gastric carcinoma. We, therefore, analysed bile acids in the antral mucosa in controls (n = 10), in patients with CAG (n = 12) and CAGIM (n = 20). In both forms of chronic antral gastritis, total mucosal bile acid concentrations drop, caused mainly by lower primary bile acids. The proportions of secondary bile acids rise, in particular of toxic lithocholic acid. This is probably caused by bacterial activity in the stomach. Whether secondary bile acids, especially lithocholic acid, alone or in combination with other bacterial degradation products, influence gastric carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated in further studies. PMID- 3232161 TI - Bone marrow fibroblasts-conditioned medium regulates the proliferation of leukemic cells. AB - The effect of normal human bone marrow fibroblasts-conditioned medium (BMF-CM) was studied on the proliferation of K562 cells, and on leukemic cells from patients with acute myelocytic leukemia at the time of diagnosis and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) at chronic phase. BMF-CM was obtained from normal human bone marrow fibroblasts by using long-term liquid cultures. BMF-CM suppressed the proliferation of K562 cells and leukemic cells from patients with undifferentiated type of leukemia (M1 in FAB classification). However it stimulated the proliferation of leukemic cells from patients with differentiated type of leukemia (M2 in FAB classification), and it slightly stimulated that from patients with CML. These results suggest that normal human BMF regulate the proliferation of leukemic cells in their various stages of differentiation in the bone marrow by releasing a humoral factor. PMID- 3232162 TI - Intraoperative EEG monitoring: (I). Parametric representation of processed EEG during anesthesia. AB - One of the most common techniques of EEG monitoring during operations is to produce a three dimensional image by displaying the frequency distributions with respect to time as in compressed spectral array (CSA) and density-modulated spectral array (DSA). In order to characterize these images by numerical parameters, we defined two parameters; the percent spectral edge frequency as the frequency at which the one-sided-power sum reaches the designated percentage of the total; and the mean frequency as the power-weighted mean within the interval that includes a dominant spectrum in the frequency distribution. These parameters were superimposed on displays to characterize EEG changes, and they proved to be a very powerful tool to quantitate variations in data among anesthetic techniques and thus efficiently control the depth and duration of anesthesia. We report a number of actual cases. PMID- 3232163 TI - Intraoperative EEG monitoring: (II). Similarity analysis using density-modulated t array. AB - A method of showing the similarity, in other words, defining the difference between a pair of EEG patterns has been developed. By using the student t test on the power spectra at the appropriate frequency intervals, the t values obtained can be used as an indicator of the difference between the spectral patterns with respect to the frequency intervals. This so-called t-profile can be computed on real time basis and the result superimposed in different colors using the apparatus described previously to produce a 3-dimensional picture. We call this picture a density-modulated t array or DTA. Along with CSA and DSA (compressed/density-modulated spectral arrays), it proved to be a very powerful tool in intraoperative EEG monitoring. PMID- 3232164 TI - Prevalence of contraceptive use: trends and issues. AB - This article discusses the sources of data for estimates of contraceptive use, including their reliability and validity. Data from sample surveys and from censuses are presented by countries from the 1960s to the present time. Tables on proportions of users by method of contraception for various time periods are included. The relationship between contraceptive use and level of fertility is also shown. Contraceptive use has increased rapidly in much of Asia and Latin America, but much less so in Arab countries and sub-Saharan Africa. Worldwide, about 400 million of the 800-850 million married couples of reproductive age practice contraception; of these, about 340 million use a modern method. Sterilization is the most widely practiced method of contraception in the world, with tubal ligations far outnumbering vasectomies. PMID- 3232165 TI - Contraceptive social marketing and community-based distribution systems in Colombia. AB - Three operations research experiments were carried out in three provinces of Colombia to improve the cost-effectiveness of Profamilia's nonclinic-based programs. The experiments tested: (a) whether a contraceptive social marketing (CSM) strategy can replace a community-based distribution (CBD) program in a high contraceptive use area; (b) if wage incentives for salaried CBD instructors will increase contraceptive sales; and (c) whether a specially equipped information, education, and communication (IEC) team can replace a cadre of rural promoters to expand family planning coverage. All three strategies proved to be effective, but only the CSM system yielded a profit. Despite this, Profamilia discontinued its CSM program soon after the experiment was completed. Unexpected government controls regulating the price and sale of contraceptives in Colombia made the program unprofitable. As a result, family planning agencies are cautioned against replacing CBD programs with CSM. Instead, CBD programs might adopt a more commercial approach to become more efficient. PMID- 3232166 TI - Medical and contraceptive reasons for sterilization in the United States. AB - Over the past two decades, the proportion of sterilizations--for both contraceptive and noncontraceptive reasons--among women of reproductive age (WRA) has risen in the United States. In 1982, more than one in ten WRA were sterilized for noncontraceptive, or medical, reasons. However, the rationales these women had for undergoing sterilization were not always clear-cut; often a mixture of medical and contraceptive reasons were given. In this study, Cycle III data from the National Survey of Family Growth, 1982, were used to investigate the determinants of different types of sterilization decisions--sterilizing for contraceptive, medical, or "mixed" reasons. It is important to recognize this "mixed" component of sterilization motivation. Parity and, to a lesser degree, education have consistent effects on differentiating these types of rationales, which appeared to have somewhat different patterns among black and white women. PMID- 3232168 TI - [Does he still know what's it all about?]. PMID- 3232167 TI - Senegal 1986: results from the Demographic and Health Survey. PMID- 3232170 TI - Epidemiology of a natural focus of Leishmania braziliensis in the Pacific lowlands of Colombia. III. Natural infections in wild mammals. AB - A natural infection of Leishmania braziliensis panamensis in the edentate, Choloepus hoffmanni is recorded from the Pacific Coast of Columbia. PMID- 3232169 TI - [Follow-up study of observation clinic patients with the diagnosis of amnestic syndrome or Alzheimer type senile dementia]. AB - In two Dutch observation clinics elderly patients suspected of dementia or related illnesses are screened and diagnosed. After an average period of three months in the clinic, more than 50% of them are admitted to nursing homes with psycho-geriatric care units. These patients suffer from various types of dementia. In this study we compared the screening results and diagnoses with a number of psycho-social variables, medical variables and the follow up diagnoses of the surviving patients, two years after their admission to the nursing homes. The follow up data were obtained from questionnaires, which were filled in by the medical staff of the nursing homes. The total number of patients of which sufficient material was collected is 117. These patients were diagnosed as senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (n = 64), as amnestic syndrome (n = 20), or as amnestic syndrome suspected of Alzheimer type dementia (n = 33). Their average age was 82.5 (on admission to nursing home, range 65 to 98 years). RESULTS: major differences between the groups were found in mortality, incontinence and psychological impairment. There was a difference between the diagnosis made by the observation clinic and by the nursing home: about 40% of the patients with amnestic syndrome (observation clinic diagnosis) developed senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, according to the nursing home physicians. PMID- 3232171 TI - Epidemiology of a natural focus of Leishmania braziliensis in the Pacific lowlands of Colombia. IV. Observations on sandflies. PMID- 3232172 TI - Predominance of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis in the regions of Tres Bracos and Corte de Pedra, Bahia, Brazil. PMID- 3232173 TI - Lymphatic leishmaniasis in India. PMID- 3232174 TI - Vaccination and treatment trials against murine leishmaniasis with semi-purified Leishmania antigens. AB - Antigens with molecular weight ranges of 94-67 kDa (LiF2), 30-20 kDa (LiF5), or below 20 kDa (LiF6), isolated from lysates of Leishmania infantum promastigotes by electroelution from polyacrylamide gels were injected into mice which were genetically either partially resistant (C57BL/6) or susceptible (BALB/c) to Leishmania infection. One month after the completion of the intravenous (C57BL/6) or subcutaneous (BALB/c) schedules, the mice were challenged with 1 x 10(3) L. major promastigotes. All mice immunized with LiF2, LiF5 and LiF6 were completely resistant. Furthermore, the C57BL/6 mice immunized with LiF2 resisted a second challenge with 1 x 10(4) L. major amastigotes. 5 months later, LiF2 antigen was used for immunotherapy of L. major leishmaniasis; parasites disappeared from the treated skin lesions, although ensuing systemic infection could not be averted. PMID- 3232175 TI - Phlebotomus sergenti, a vector of Leishmania tropica in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 3232176 TI - Severe leucopenia during treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 3232177 TI - Peanut lectin agglutination and isolation of infective forms of Leishmania major. PMID- 3232178 TI - Isolation and typing of Leishmania infantum from Phlebotomus neglectus on the island of Corfu, Greece. PMID- 3232179 TI - The isolation of Leishmania major zymodeme LON1 from man in Niger. PMID- 3232180 TI - Suramin and metronidazole in the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. PMID- 3232181 TI - Giardia-bile salt interactions in vitro and in vivo. AB - Giardia lamblia predominantly colonizes the proximal small intestine where bile is plentiful. We have investigated interactions between bile and this parasite by (i) examining the specificity of the stimulatory effect of bile on parasite growth in vitro, (ii) studying the possible association between giardiasis and bile salt deconjugation in vivo, and (iii) quantifying bile salt uptake by Giardia and relating this to uptake by other microorganisms. Our findings indicate that the growth promoting effects of ox bile and pure bile salt (sodium glycocholate) are, as far as is known, specific for Giardia, since the growth of a related protozoon, Trichomonas vaginalis, and a variety of enteric bacteria was either unchanged or inhibited. We were unable to detect deconjugated ('free') bile salt in duodenal fluid from UK patients with giardiasis and found no evidence to suggest that Giardia deconjugated bile salts in vitro. However, Giardia avidly took up conjugated bile salt, apparently in a concentration dependent manner and to a much greater degree than Trichomonas and enteric bacteria. Thus, bile specifically stimulates growth of Giardia, and bile salt is avidly consumed by the parasite. The mechanism by which bile stimulates parasite growth is unknown, but uptake of conjugated bile salt by Giardia could reduce intraluminal bile salt concentrations and possibly interfere with micellar solubilization of fat. This may contribute to the steatorrhoea which is well recognized in symptomatic patients with giardiasis. PMID- 3232182 TI - Giardia duodenalis: enhanced growth in cell culture. AB - Growth of Giardia duodenalis in broth and in animals has been studied in considerable detail. In contrast, the kinetics of growth in cell culture have been little evaluated. In this study, in vitro growth of G. duodenalis was evaluated in cell culture, primarily using mouse McCoy cells in vials. The media used were Giardia broth (TYI-G), Trichomonas vaginalis broth (TYI-T), and standard cell culture media (CMGA) alone and in combination (2 parts by volume CMGA to one part of TYI broth). Addition of cell culture enhanced the sensitivity of the systems in detecting low numbers of G. duodenalis. Growth was identified consistently with inocula less than or equal to 10/ml, and often with a calculated 10-1/ml inoculum with CMGA/TYI-T and CMGA/TYI-G with cells, and with TYI-G with and without cells. The 2 preferred systems for sensitivity and growth were CMGA/TYI-G with cells and TYI-G with cells. The pH fell minimally in the growth systems and, if CMGA was in the media, cell monolayers remained intact and viable throughout the experiment. In preliminary experiments, cell cultures did not allow growth of one strain of G. muris. These cell culture systems may be useful for detection of low numbers of non-laboratory adapted trophozoites, and should be useful in evaluating the interaction of G. dudodenalis with cells in culture. PMID- 3232183 TI - Therapeutic use of mebendazole in giardial infections. PMID- 3232184 TI - Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in a patient with hepatic hydatid cysts: a case report in an African male. PMID- 3232185 TI - Albendazole treatment of human cystic echinococcosis. AB - The effect of albendazole was investigated in 20 patients with single or multiorgan hydatid cyst disease. Albendazole was used at a dose of 10 mg/kg daily in cycles of 28 d for four cycles with 15 d between cycles. Follow-up ranged from 12-18 months. Response varied according to the organ involved, the most successful results being with liver and peritoneal cysts. A positive response was seen in 47% of 34 cyst sites and a partial response was seen in a further 38% of sites. Overall response was classed as completely successful in 30% of patients, and partially successful in 60% at the end of follow-up. Adverse events were rare, although occasional abnormalities of liver function were seen. PMID- 3232186 TI - Reinfection with Ascaris lumbricoides after chemotherapy: a comparative study in three villages with varying sanitation. AB - This study examined the effect of the 2 major means of control of Ascaris lumbricoides--chemotherapy and sanitation. About 200 pre-school Caribbean children living in 3 villages with varying sanitation were studied by quantitative stool examination for the presence of the eggs of helminths. Children with Ascaris eggs were treated with piperazine. Over a 2-year period this procedure was repeated after every 6 months of natural re-infection. Results showed that (i) the rate of reinfection was on average 20% higher than the rate of new infection; (ii) there was a highly significant correlation between the results of children's initial stool examination and that 6 months later; (iii) children with high Ascaris egg counts also frequently had high Trichuris egg counts; (iv) during the 6-month intervals, 36% of the infected children were not reinfected after treatment; the difference in reinfection rates between villages with and without sanitation was 48%. Regression analysis indicated that, after several socio-economic variables were controlled, only sanitation and crowding remained significantly associated with reinfection. The implications of these findings in formulating control strategies are discussed. PMID- 3232187 TI - Mansonella streptocerca in the Central African Republic. PMID- 3232188 TI - Prevalence of infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in Amazonas State, Brazil. AB - Serum samples were non-randomly obtained from apparently healthy inhabitants of 5 villages in the Amazonas State, Brazil. Sera were tested by enzyme immunoassay for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and, if this was found, for antibody to hepatitis delta virus (HDV). Of 574 people tested, 96 (16.7%) were reactive for HBsAg and 33 of these (34.4%) for anti-HDV. The results were analysed according to sex, age and history of jaundice and showed a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HDV infections in these asymptomatic persons, mainly in young people. The rates of prevalence observed in Amazonas for both HBV and HDV are perhaps among the highest in the world, demonstrating that these viruses are endemic in this region of Brazil. PMID- 3232189 TI - Aedes albopictus mosquitoes introduced into Brazil: vector competence for yellow fever and dengue viruses. PMID- 3232190 TI - A simple technique for sexing blackfly larvae of the taxon Austrosimulium bancrofti. PMID- 3232191 TI - An antibacterial and antiviral powdered soft-drink base. AB - Soft-drink powdered mixtures have been developed which are bactericidal against a range of enteric bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus and which kill some enteric viruses in vitro. These mixtures could be used to help reduce risks of water borne diarrhoeal illnesses, and as the basis for oral rehydration solutions, which would resist bacterial contamination after their preparation, to treat patients with diarrhoeal dehydration. PMID- 3232192 TI - Haemoglobinuric renal failure and typhoid fever. AB - Three patients with typhoid fever, initially misdiagnosed, developed intravascular haemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, haemoglobinuria and acute renal failure. 2 of the patients were deficient in erythrocyte glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase; Plasmodium falciparum was present in the blood of the third. Among the indigenous population of endemic areas, typhoid fever is the likely diagnosis in any pyrexial illness associated with haemoglobinuric renal failure. PMID- 3232193 TI - Prevalence of leptospirosis in Belize. AB - In a search for leptospirosis in Belize, at least one current case was diagnosed among 11 febrile hospital patients examined in a 2-week period in mid-1984. Sera from 440 survey subjects in 6 schools, 4 urban communities and 9 rural communities were examined for leptospiral antibodies by the microscopic agglutination test. 20 of 174 (11.5%) school pupils, 19 of 88 (22%) urban community subjects and 66/178 (37%) rural community subjects were positive at titres greater than or equal to 1:50, and 7.5%, 17% and 26%, respectively, were positive at greater than or equal to 1:100. Among all groups of survey subjects, serological reactions to antigens in the Australis serogroup predominated. Up to 81% of 155 sera from cattle in various areas of Belize were positive at titres greater than or equal to 1:100. Serological reactions to serogroup Sejroe predominated (43%), followed by Pyrogenes (16%) and Australis (15%). 20 of 71 (28%) pig sera were positive at greater than or equal to 1:100, predominantly to serovars in the Australis serogroup (51%). Of 162 sheep or goat sera examined, 65 (40%) were positive at greater than or equal to 1:100, mainly to serogroup Autumnalis (25%), followed by Australis (15%). PMID- 3232194 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in Kashmir. PMID- 3232195 TI - A long-term study of the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy Nigerian students. AB - 892 nasal swabs were collected from 50 pharmacy students (25 male and 25 female) over a period of 15 months. 323 (36.2%) contained Staphylococcus aureus and analysis of the results showed that 19 (38%) of the subjects were true nasal carriers of S. aureus, 23 (46%) were non-carriers, and the other 8 (16%) were sporadic non-carriers. 84% of the 162 isolates tested were resistant to penicillin and 58% were resistant to tetracycline. PMID- 3232196 TI - A case of African histoplasmosis from Sudan. AB - The first authentic case of African histoplasmosis from the Sudan is reported. The patient came from Dindir, along the southern part of the Blue Nile River. He had cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis as well as the cutaneous form of African histoplasmosis. The latter was proved by culture and histopathology to be due to Histoplasma duboisii. The fungus was confined to the skin. H. duboisii may be more prevalent, and further studies in Dindir area are needed. PMID- 3232197 TI - Ten years of snake bite in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. AB - A retrospective study was conducted of possible and definite snake bite admissions to Madang General Hospital, Papua New Guinea, for the years 1977 to 1986 inclusive. There were 175 such admissions and case notes were found for 129. Envenoming was recorded in 64 cases. Tender regional lymphadenopathy and ptosis were the most common signs of envenoming. No case of coagulopathy was recorded. 16 cases had clinical evidence of myotoxicity; in 3 of these a description of the offending snake suggested that it was the small-eyed snake (Micropechis ikaheka). Among 41 patients receiving antivenom, there was only one serious adverse reaction. This is the first study of snake bite in the New Guinea region; it shows similarities with, but also important differences from, snake bite studies in the Papua region of Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3232198 TI - Current AIDS literature. PMID- 3232199 TI - Why dengue haemorrhagic fever in Cuba? PMID- 3232200 TI - [Endomitosis in pigmented neoplasms of human skin]. AB - The types of cell division in the human cutaneous pigmented nevi have been studied on histological sections. This study has shown that endomitosis is the basic method for division of 229115 cells in pigmented nevi (0.75%); in 101140 cells of nevi with malignancy--1.15% of the endomitotically dividing nuclei and 0.202% of the mitotically dividing ones, in 180000 cells of malignant melanomas endomitoses amount to 0.238% and mitoses--to 0.369%. The presence of endomitoses correlates with appearance of multinuclear cells near those nuclei. PMID- 3232201 TI - [The genetic activity of an alkaline solution of formaldehyde]. AB - Toxicity and genetic activity of disinfectant consisting of 1.5% paraform and 0.5% NaOH were studied. It was found that the preparation caused a weak mutagenic effect on Crepis capillaris and Chlorella roots, but had no effect in the Ames test and gonadal cells of mammals. The studies of mutagenic effect of the preparation on somatic cells of white mice show limits of the cytogenetic effect at the level of 3.5 g/kg (1/10 LD50). PMID- 3232202 TI - [Mitotic characteristics of heterophase homokaryons]. AB - Heterophase homokaryons were obtained by fusion of the Chinese hamster culture cells. About 94% of these homokaryons were divided by the multipolar mitosis. Chromosome sets arising from different nuclei were found to keep segregations in common metaphase plates both in the multipolar and bipolar mitoses. PMID- 3232203 TI - [The recombination capacity of Uvs mutants of Streptomyces olivaceus VKX]. AB - The frequency of genetic recombination (with allowance for the fertility system action) has been studied in crosses of 7 different Uvs mutants with two Uvs+ strains (ant+ and ant-) and one specially constructed Uvs strain. It is shown that mutation Uvs, inducing the highest level of sensitivity to UV-light, belongs to the rec-type mutations. PMID- 3232204 TI - [The frequency of chromosome aberrations in rat bone marrow cells in the late period after a single uptake of tritium]. AB - A prolonged self-maintenance of haemopoietic tissue cells with stable chromosome rearrangements following a single intake of tritium oxide in the amount of 24 MBq/g of body weight (absorbed dose of 11 Gy) is shown. Mutant cells revealed long after the radionuclide exposure are descendants of stem-cell precursors, bearing stable chromosome aberrations during the period of formation of radiation injury after the radionuclide administration. PMID- 3232205 TI - Analysis of glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in two different rat hepatomas and in normal liver in relation to their role in resistance to oxidative stress. AB - The importance of some glutathione metabolic pathways was examined in two highly dedifferentiated hepatomas, Yoshida AH-130 and Morris 3924 A hepatomas, and in normal liver in relation to their role against oxidative stress. The cytosol prepared from Yoshida hepatoma cells decreased the peroxidation rate in normal liver microsomes and mitochondria, but this antioxidant property was not displayed by Morris hepatoma. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S transferases activities were extremely low in both hepatomas; glutathione reductase activity values were about half the normal liver values. The large decrease in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferases suggests that in these two tumors only small amounts of GSH can be used in reduction or conjugation reactions, such as the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides or the conjugation of GSH with the end products of lipoperoxidation, aldehydes or ketones. The hypothesis of a more efficient GSSG reduction in hepatomas, due to the low glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase activity ratio, is also discussed. The described changes in glutathione related enzymes do not seem to have any correlation with the protective effect against the lipoperoxidative processes displayed by some tumors since these enzymatic activities were similar in both hepatomas whereas only Yoshida hepatoma showed antioxidant properties. PMID- 3232206 TI - Cancer mortality in Italy, 1982. PMID- 3232207 TI - Serum glycoconjugates in patients with anemia and myeloid leukemia. AB - Because of carbohydrate alterations in malignant cells, serum glycoproteins have drawn considerable attention. In the current investigation we determined total sialic acid (TSA), lipid bound sialic acid (LSA), protein bound hexoses (galactose + mannose), fucose, hexosamines (galactosamine + glucosamine) and mucoid protein concentrations in the serum of patients with anemia and myeloid leukemia. The results were compared with those obtained in healthy individuals. In the leukemia patients we observed significant increases in glycoconjugates compared with the controls (P less than 0.001), and in TSA and fucose levels compared with the anemia patients (P less than 0.001). LSA and hexosamine levels were significantly lower in anemia patients with respect to the leukemia patients (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05 respectively), whereas levels of mucoid proteins and hexoses did not show significant differences. Except for hexosamines, all the markers tested were significantly elevated in the anemia patients compared with the controls. The present study suggests that the glycoconjugates investigated might be useful biochemical markers for differentiating anemic from leukemic conditions. PMID- 3232208 TI - Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood: experience of the Italian Cooperative Study. AB - The authors report the experience of the Italian Cooperative Study AIEOP-CNR RMS 79 concerning 16 children affected by localized paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (15 stage I, 1 stage II). The good results obtained by multidisciplinary treatment suggest a less aggressive approach as regards retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy and chemotherapy. PMID- 3232209 TI - Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a tumor marker in Ewing's sarcoma. AB - The pretreatment serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) level of 246 patients with Ewing's sarcoma of bone (47 metastatic and 199 localized at presentation) was examined to evaluate the use of LDH as a tumor marker. The percentage of patients with increased serum LDH levels was significantly higher in the metastatic group than in the group of patients with localized disease (83% vs 41%; p less than 0.01). In the latter group the relapse rate after treatment with combined therapy was significantly higher in patients with an elevated serum LDH at admission than in those with normal serum levels (68.2% vs 39.3%; p less than 0.01). After local treatment, in 73 out of 82 patients with an elevated serum LDH at admission the enzyme level normalized whereas in 9 it fell but never reached a normal value. The rate of relapse in these two groups was respectively 64% and 100%. The value of serum LDH at the time of recurrence, determined in 62 patients, was elevated in 50 (80.7%). These data demonstrate that in Ewing's sarcoma of bone pretreatment serum LDH levels have a definitive value in establishing the prognosis and could also be used in evaluating the response to therapy. A persistent elevated value of serum LDH, or an increasing value after a transient normalization, is usually followed by relapse. PMID- 3232210 TI - HLA antigens in familial and sporadic cutaneous melanoma. AB - One hundred and twenty-four subjects belonging to 25 families, 51 with familial malignant melanoma (FMM), and 186 subjects belonging to 41 families, 41 with sporadic malignant melanoma, were typed for the HLA A, B, C and DR loci of the HLA system. There was the same statistically significant difference in the frequency of the haplotype A9, B35, Cw4 between each group of patients and the respective healthy relatives (p = 0.01, p = 0.01 and p = 4 x 10(-3), respectively). Moreover, the higher frequency of the haplotype A9, B35, Cw4 in the healthy members of the FMM families (42.46%) compared with the healthy members of the SMM families (23.44%) indicates that in the latter group other individuals are at risk for the disease. Furthermore, the different frequency of haplotypes B5, DR5 and B5, Cw1 suggest that differences exist between the two groups of healthy relatives. These observations confirm that the HLA region is involved in the etiology of malignant melanoma. PMID- 3232211 TI - G6PD deficiency and breast cancer. AB - A study of the relative 2dG6P utilization in mononuclear cells from a group of 150 women with breast cancer was undertaken to evaluate a possible negative correlation between G6PD deficiency and cancer, as suggested by some authors. Twenty-one women (14.00%) were heterozygotes and 2 were homozygotes (1.33%). The prevalence found was not different from that expected. It would therefore seem that the G6PD Mediterranean allele does not play a protective role against the development of breast cancer. PMID- 3232212 TI - Assay of GCDFP-15 by ELISA: an available method for in vitro studies of functional differentiation in human breast cancer. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to a light protein, isolated from human breast cyst fluid (BCF) termed "gross cystic disease fluid protein - 15 Kda" (GCDFP-15), a potential differentiation marker in in vitro human breast cancer studies. The detection limits of this procedure, performed in microtiter plates, were 0.5 to 250 ng/well corresponding to 10 ng/ml to 5 micrograms/ml of sample or antigen solution. Possible cross-reaction with various antigens, especially those found in culture media, were investigated. The correlation coefficient between enzymoassay and radioimmunoassay was 0.978. The results showed that quantification of GCDFP-15 by ELISA is a specific and highly sensitive method. This procedure may be of interest in in vitro studies on the functional differentiation of breast cancer cells. PMID- 3232214 TI - Weekly epirubicin in advanced breast cancer. AB - Twenty-nine advanced breast cancer patients, considered unable to tolerate conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, were treated with a weekly schedule of epirubicin (15 mg/m2 i.v.). All patients were fully evaluable. A remission of 34.5% was observed (2 CR; 8 PR), with a median duration of response of 9 months (range, 3-24 months). Side effects were mild, and on the whole the toxicity was negligible. This regimen showed a favorable therapeutic ratio in our series and seems active and well tolerated even in elderly and/or poor performance status patients. PMID- 3232213 TI - Plasma and tissue CEA and TPA markers in operable breast cancer. Preliminary results. AB - CEA and TPA were studied in sera and in histologic specimens of 200 patients with benign (77) or malignant (123) breast pathology. The frequency and expression of the two markers was different in benign and in cancer tissues. Histologic positivity and high levels of circulating markers were observed more frequently in cancer patients than in patients with benign disease. Tissue positivity for the two tumor markers did not always correlate with elevated levels of circulating markers. Positive CEA and TPA incidence was higher in tissue samples than in serum samples. In the breast cancer group, among 33 patients with histologic positivity for CEA, only 5 cases had circulating CEA levels higher than 5 ng/ml; among 91 patients with histologic positivity for TPA, only 45 cases showed circulating levels for TPA higher than 95 U/l. These findings confirm that tumor size, secretory characteristics and vascular supply are factors affecting the achievement of high circulating marker levels. Combined marker measurement in serum and tissues can provide more information about the presence of a given tumor marker. A limited evaluation of the prognostic meaning of the study of combined CEA and TPA in sera and in tissues was carried out during the follow-up of 60 evaluable patients. Only 5 patients had cancer relapses in the first 12 months from surgery; in 2 of 5 patients TPA was positive initially and at the time of recurrence, in serum as well as in tissues. Circulating CEA gave negative findings in all relapsed patients; 2 of them showed weak positivity only in the histologic staining at the time of presentation. PMID- 3232215 TI - Evaluation in terms of annual incidence rate of lung cancer within the ULSSs of the Veneto region (Italy) from hospital discharge data (years 1980-1982). AB - The annual incidence of lung cancer in aggregated territories (ULSS and Veneto Region) was assessed by a retrospective analysis of hospital discharge data from 1980-1982. The 1982 regional age and sex-specific prevalence and incidence rates (X 100,000 inhabitants), the deaths in period and the cumulative incidence rates were determined. Also calculated were the standardized incidence ratios, distinctly for sex and a truncated age range (35-64 years) and on the total as well as the standard errors. The results obtained demonstrated that the incidence rate in the Veneto is among the highest in Italy and that there is a nonhomogeneous distribution of incidence/prevalence in the various ULSSs within the Veneto. Previously help opinions on the effects of sex and age were also confirmed. Comparison of the results with those obtained from the deaths in period showed the method used for analysis to be reasonably practical and reliable. It could provide an alternative method to the more complex and expensive system currently adopted by the Population Registries. PMID- 3232216 TI - Doppler echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in patients with primary lung cancer treated with doxorubicin. AB - Eighteen patients were examined by Doppler echocardiography before and after treatment with doxorubicin (DXR). Early left ventricular filling rate decreased from 66 +/- 15 to 51 +/- 10 cm/sec whereas late filling rate increased from 48 +/ 12 to 61 +/- 9 cm/sec (p less than 0.05) with inversion of the E/A ratio suggesting an impairment of left ventricular diastolic function; conversely no significant changes were found in systolic function indexes. These results suggest that follow-up of patients treated with DXR must include left ventricular diastolic function studies. Doppler echocardiography can be successfully used to detect the presence of diastolic abnormalities. PMID- 3232218 TI - Intralaboratory reproducibility of interpretation of Pap smears: results of an experiment. AB - One hundred and twenty Pap-smears were examined by 3 cytotechnologists on two occasions in the Legnano Hospital Cytologic Center. A 10-category classification system was used. Chance-adjusted overall and category-specific agreement was estimated (Cohen's unweighted kappa-statistics) within and between cytotechnologists. Mean K for the Center, weighted for precision, was 0.432, S.E. 0.029 (between cytotechnologists). The most reproducible categories (between cytotechnologists) were "9: malignant cells" (K = 0.683) and "1: normal" (K = 0.533); the least reproducible categories were "4: endocervical metaplastic cells" (K = 0.024) and "8: severe squamous dysplasia CIN III" (K = 0.227). PMID- 3232217 TI - CNS metastasis in ovarian cancer with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia associated with diffuse intravascular coagulation. AB - We present the case of a woman affected by ovarian cancer metastatic to multiple lymph node and the CNS. She was affected by hemorrhagic diathesis with microangiopathic alterations, whereas coagulopathy developed only after some days in coincidence with disease worsening. Our patient is probably one of those in which cancer leads to microangiopathy and coagulopathy by means of a tissue factor-like activity, a common event in mucin secretory tumors. Fibrinolytic activity was also increased in our patient as in others of the same type. The main aspect of this case report is metastasis to the CNS and to other multiple sites, which is quite uncommon in such cancers. We retain that tumor procoagulant activity could have played a role in this phenomenon. PMID- 3232219 TI - Neurothekeoma of the thumb. A case report. AB - A benign tumor of nerve sheath origin occurring in the dermis of a thumb is described. Histologically, these lesions contained nests and cords of large cells surrounded by thin bands of collagen fibers scattered in a myxoid background. The immunocytochemical reaction for S-100 protein was positive. PMID- 3232220 TI - Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in rheumatic fever. PMID- 3232221 TI - Central nervous system involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3232222 TI - Serum selenium concentrations in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 3232223 TI - Sexual maturation of Turkish boys in Ankara. PMID- 3232224 TI - Familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in infancy. PMID- 3232225 TI - A case of Kawasaki syndrome associated with preseptal cellulitis in orbita. PMID- 3232226 TI - Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (a case report). PMID- 3232227 TI - Clinical pyelonephritis of infancy--an often overlooked renal disease. PMID- 3232228 TI - Double-blind trial of intramuscular and intramuscular plus intrathecal human tetanus immunoglobulin and intramuscular equine tetanus antitoxin in the treatment of tetanus neonatorum. PMID- 3232229 TI - [New methods in the examination and treatment of infertility]. PMID- 3232230 TI - [Peutz-Jeghers' syndrome. A review and 2 case reports]. PMID- 3232231 TI - [Diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 3232232 TI - [An epidemic of syphilis among homosexual and bisexual men. Results of tracing the sources of infection]. PMID- 3232233 TI - [An epidemiologic and traumatologic analysis of injuries at a basketball club in Denmark]. PMID- 3232234 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3232235 TI - [Fracture of the femoral neck in elderly patients treated with sliding screws. A prospective study of social activity level before and after surgery as illustrated by gait function ability, the need for help and housing conditions]. PMID- 3232237 TI - [Prognostic value of ST elevation in right-sided precordial ECG leads in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3232236 TI - [Witnessed cardiac arrest outside a hospital. A prospective study]. PMID- 3232238 TI - [Is skin cancer a marker of internal cancer?]. PMID- 3232239 TI - [Is pseudo-croup an allergic disorder?]. PMID- 3232240 TI - [Acute idiopathic edema of the scrotum]. PMID- 3232241 TI - [Crash injuries of children in cars. Children sitting on an adult's knees]. PMID- 3232242 TI - [Late arrhythmia after poisoning with MAO inhibitors]. PMID- 3232243 TI - [False positive mammographic findings in breast edema]. PMID- 3232244 TI - [Gastrocolic fistula treated with cimetidine]. PMID- 3232245 TI - [Bilateral pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid glands]. PMID- 3232246 TI - Health service performance indicators. AB - The development of statistical indicators for monitoring performance throughout the National Health Service began in 1981. In recent years, computer software packages containing performance indicators have been amended to include Health and Social Services Boards in Northern Ireland. Although this information is available to anyone with an interest in service provision, the main purpose of the indicator packages is to provide a framework and discipline for ensuring proper accountability to a higher tier authority.Efficiency and effectiveness are concepts central to performance appraisal. Most performance indicators are concerned with the input of resources or treatment activity rather than health outcome. Consequently the context within which the accountability review procedure operates is predetermined towards efficiency. The validity of the review process is limited by the accuracy of the indicators and the manner in which they are interpreted. The scale at which performance indicators function and the constraints associated with their use as an analytic tool are illustrated using data from a mental illness hospital in Northern Ireland. PMID- 3232247 TI - The Northern Ireland Cancer Registry. AB - The Northern Ireland Cancer Registry was evaluated using a 5% sample of all cancers diagnosed histologically in 1983 as the standard for comparison. The overall registration rate was low. Two years following histological diagnosis only 63% of the cancers were registered and 19% of these were notified solely by the Registrar General's office. In a subgroup of patients who were known to have died by the time of the study, only 49% of the cancers were registered while the patient was alive. A further 30% of cases were registered only after death and 21% of cases went unregistered. There was no significant variation in registrations by area, by hospital or by age group. There was a considerable variation in registration rate by disease group. A low level of awareness among hospital doctors about the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry was postulated as a reason for the low levels of registrations received. This was investigated through a postal questionnaire. A response rate of 51% was achieved after two postings. Both the response rate and level of knowledge varied by grade and specialty of the doctor. Only 43% of responders knew of the existence of the cancer registry and only 2% registered patients more often than once a year. Possible methods for improving the system are discussed. PMID- 3232248 TI - Acoustic neuroma surgery in Northern Ireland 1976-1986. AB - Forty acoustic neuromas have been removed surgically between 1976 and 1986. The condition was unilateral in 32 and bilateral in four. There were 31 large, four medium and five small tumours. Excision was complete in 16 and incomplete in 24. Of the incomplete removals 14 were subtotal leaving microscopic remnants, eight were partial capsular and two were intracapsular. Follow-up ranged from two months to ten years (median 3.5 years).There was one early death in an 83-year old. The overall incidence of post-operative complete facial paralysis was 20% but reached 55% for large tumours when excision was complete. Twenty-eight patients had hearing before operation and in eleven patients some preservation of hearing was possible (39%). In these, the excision was complete in three, subtotal in four, partial capsular in three and intracapsular in one.Of the unilateral tumours, there have been three recurrences requiring repeat surgery. All were initially incompletely excised. Two were of an invasive nature causing considerable erosion of the petrous temporal bone making complete excision impossible. For the bilateral tumours a deliberate incomplete excision was first performed on one side to ensure preservation of hearing. Further excision on this side was then left until such time as hearing was lost. Complications included CSF otorhinorrhoea (5%), persistent but temporary nausea and vomiting (10%), meningitis (5%), facial numbness (5%) and hoarseness and dysphagia (3%). PMID- 3232249 TI - Short- and long-term academic predictors of medical student performance. AB - The relationship between entry qualifications and performance throughout the medical course was studied in individual cohorts of students admitted in the years 1977 to 1981. A modest but significant relationship with overall initial qualifications was found throughout the course. Students without biology showed a marked disadvantage in the first year but the effect did not persist. There were quite marked variations in all these effects between cohorts; studying only a single cohort could lead to inappropriate conclusions. PMID- 3232250 TI - Mobile coronary care and mortality from ischaemic heart disease in a predominantly rural community. AB - The mobile coronary care unit based at Coleraine Hospital was called to 155 patients in the community during a six-monthly period, 74 of whom had sustained a myocardial infarction. Over the same period, 25 of 49 patients admitted via the ordinary ambulance with suspected ischaemic heart disease had sustained a myocardial infarction and received medical care significantly later than those seen by the mobile unit. A further 12 patients out of 39 with suspected ischaemic heart disease admitted by other means (the accident and emergency department or other hospital units) brought the total number of patients admitted to hospital with myocardial infarction during the study period to 111.Overall mortality from myocardial infarction was 19.8% and was significantly higher in those >/= 70 years of age. Nine patients with myocardial infarction seen by the mobile coronary care unit required early defibrillation (four outside hospital) and eight of these survived to be discharged. No patients admitted by other means required emergency defibrillation. Although no significant difference in mortality was demonstrated between those seen before or after three hours from the onset of symptoms or between patients admitted by the mobile unit or by the ordinary ambulance, a subgroup of patients below 70 years of age and seen by the mobile unit less than three hours after the onset of symptoms had the lowest mortality of 6.7%. Estimated overall mortality from ischaemic heart disease in this community over the study period was in excess of those deaths accounted for in this survey, implying a high mortality in those not admitted to hospital. PMID- 3232252 TI - Meningitis in an Irish community. AB - A series of 26 cases of meningitis occurring in one year in a defined area is presented. The clinical features, and complications are reviewed. Neisseria meningitidis occurred twice as commonly as Haemophilus influenzae, suggesting that the pattern of infection differs from that reported in England and Wales. An incidence of 4.6/100,000 for N. meningitidis is reported exceeding rates of infection in previous UK "epidemics". PMID- 3232251 TI - Massive pulmonary embolism; the place for embolectomy. AB - Untreated massive pulmonary embolism is associated with a high mortality. Pulmonary embolectomy has been largely superceded by thrombolytic therapy, but there are cases in which pulmonary embolectomy remains the treatment of choice. We present three case reports and discuss the merits of the various treatments available for massive pulmonary embolism. The primary treatment of massive pulmonary embolism should be thrombolytic therapy, but for patients who are at risk of haemorrhage following surgery, who are in cardiogenic shock despite medical treatment, or fail to improve following cardiac arrest, then pulmonary embolectomy remains the treatment of choice. PMID- 3232253 TI - Does cigarette smoking alter platelet aggregation in women receiving the contraceptive pill? PMID- 3232254 TI - The changing role of the physician. PMID- 3232255 TI - Laparostomy in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 3232256 TI - Salmonella reactive arthritis in established ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 3232257 TI - Spontaneous splenic rupture: a unique presentation of Q fever. PMID- 3232259 TI - Hypothalamic tumour presenting as anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3232258 TI - Torulopsis glabrata fungaemia. PMID- 3232260 TI - [Classification and diagnosis of recurrent and chronic cystitis in women]. PMID- 3232261 TI - [Endoscopy of the ureter and renal calyco-pelvic system]. PMID- 3232262 TI - [Results of surgery for an ectopic ureterocele in children]. PMID- 3232263 TI - [Remote lithotripsy using the "URAT-11" device]. PMID- 3232264 TI - [Treatment of bilateral megaureter in children with posterior urethral valves]. PMID- 3232265 TI - [Treatment of upper urinary tract tumors (retrospective analysis)]. PMID- 3232266 TI - [Errors and difficulties in clinical diagnosis of prostatic cancer. (From data of pathologo-anatomical studies)]. PMID- 3232267 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of regional metastasis of penile cancer]. PMID- 3232269 TI - [Postoperative period upon use of epidural morphine analgesia in urological patients]. PMID- 3232268 TI - [Erythrocyte surface charges in patients with chronic kidney failure upon regular hemodialysis]. PMID- 3232270 TI - [Interpelvic anastomosis in double renal pelvis and segmental hypoplasia of the normal peripelvic ureter]. PMID- 3232271 TI - [Acute pyelonephritis as a complication of dissecting aneurysm of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 3232272 TI - [Isolated trauma of the urethra during sexual intercourse]. PMID- 3232273 TI - [Treatment of kidney and ureter stones with extracorporeal shock waves]. PMID- 3232274 TI - Influence of interferon alfa-2c on the kinetics of spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity in urothelial carcinoma in vivo and in vitro. AB - It was demonstrated that patients with superficial bladder cancer displayed a raised spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) compared to patients with advanced bladder cancer and healthy control subjects. By use of recombinant interferon alfa-2c, the activity of the spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity at the level of the individual cell could be increased both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, this was the case in patients with superficial bladder cancer as well as in patients with advanced bladder carcinoma, and in healthy control subjects. The kinetics of cytolysis were not affected by recombinant human interferon (rHu IFN) alfa-2c. After in-vivo application of rHu IFN, there was an elevation of the target binding cells (TBC) and the number of active natural killer (NK) cells within 24 h, but this was only detected for a brief period of time. PMID- 3232275 TI - The in vitro and in vivo effects of extracorporeal shock waves on malignant cells. AB - The in vitro cytotoxic effect of extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells was compared to the effect on normal human embryonic kidney (NHEK) cells. In the in vitro studies cell samples were brought into the second focal point and exposed to different numbers of shock wave impulses. The four parameters of RCC tumor cell injury which were measured, i.e., cell viability, cell growth, cell attachment and electron microscopic evidence of damage, were augmented with increasing SW levels. At 2,000 shock waves (SW) a significant decrease in RCC viability, cell growth and cell attachment was seen compared to the NHEK cells. In the in vivo experiment a FANFT induced bladder tumor was transplanted into the right hind legs of C3H/He mice and the tumors were exposed to 1,400 SW. Preliminary data showed that 1,400 SW at day 12 post transplant significantly inhibited tumor growth. Combining 1,400 SW with cis diamminedichloroplatinum (4 mg/kg) did not enhance the tumor inhibitory effect of each individually. Doxorubicin (5 mg/kg) and 1,400 SW produced a significant synergistic tumor inhibitory effect. PMID- 3232276 TI - The effect of high energy shock waves (HESW) on human bone marrow. AB - The effect of High energy shock waves (HESW) on the viability and proliferation of normal human bone marrow cells was evaluated. A dose dependent increase in cytotoxicity with an increase in the number of HESW was demonstrated. In general 700 HESW immediately reduced the cell viability of bone marrow cells by 50%. The CFU-GM assay provides a method to evaluate the effect of HESW on the proliferative capacity of bone marrow. Following HESW treatment the colony forming ability of trypan blue excluding cells also felt in a dose dependent fashion, but some variation in sensitivity was noted. By comparing the sensitivity of various cells, the cells of normal human bone marrow were felt to be less sensitive to HESW effects than those of other tissue cultured cells or malignant cell lines. PMID- 3232277 TI - Determination of fluoride in urinary calculi using a quantitative microdiffusion method. AB - A microdiffusion method for the separation of fluoride from other ions in urinary calculi has been developed, tested and assessed. The procedure involves digestion at 75 degrees C of samples with silicone-impregnated mixtures of nitric and perchloric acids in a specially designed diffusion cell and determination of the diffused fluoride with an ion-sensitive electrode. Several test samples were used to assess the recovery, accuracy and reproducibility of the procedure. Results for 20 stones of Indian origin are presented and discussed. PMID- 3232278 TI - Intracavernous injection of vasoactive drugs in the rabbit. AB - To investigate the erectile response and side effects of intracavernous injection of vasoactive agents, 7 groups of 5 rabbits each underwent injection of either isotonic saline or 1 of 6 drugs. Phentolamine most consistently produced full erection with few inflammatory reactions, while phenoxybenzamine produced erection but also severe inflammation and sclerosis of the corpus cavernosum. With prostaglandin E1, neither erection nor inflammation was observed. PMID- 3232279 TI - [Effect of the complex treatment including RUVIB on the immunologic status of patients with odontogenic phlegmons]. AB - Results of treatment of 32 patients with phlegmons of the face and neck with the use of reinfusion of UV irradiated blood (RUVIB) are presented. RUVIB was found to exert positive influence upon metabolic processes and thus it created the optimum conditions for the functioning of the immune system improving the clinical effects of the treatment. PMID- 3232280 TI - [Direct blood transfusion in the complex treatment of children with suppurative surgical infection]. AB - The authors have shown that direct transfusion of blood is of considerable significance for the improvement of results of treatment. The patient's state quickly improved, the course of treatment was more favourable, the appearance of chronic forms was considerably less and the percentage of invalidization of children became lower. PMID- 3232281 TI - [Intraoperative reserving of large volumes of autologous blood in surgery of the liver]. AB - The authors have developed a method of autohemotransfusion under conditions of hemodilution with stabilized reserved blood by the sorbent method which allows preparation of great (up to 50% of VCB) volumes of autoblood with preserving reserves of circulating erythrocytes at the expense of transfusion of suspension of cryopreserved erythrocytes during exfusion of blood. The use of special nomograms for prognosis of hematocrit changes in exfusion of blood and transfusion of the erythrosuspension is described and for quick orientation in intensity of diuresis. The method of autohemotransfusion was used in 11 surgical interventions on the liver. PMID- 3232282 TI - [Work experience at a one-day pediatric surgical hospital]. PMID- 3232283 TI - [Balloon dilatation in stenosis of esophagojejuno-anastomosis after gastrectomy]. PMID- 3232284 TI - [Treatment of bursitis]. PMID- 3232285 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on lipid metabolism in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3232286 TI - [Our experience with the reconstruction of the forefoot in its static deformity]. PMID- 3232287 TI - [Causes, prevention and treatment of postoperative hypothyroidism]. AB - Postoperative hypothyrosis was diagnozed in 76 (6.17%) out of 1231 patients operated upon for various diseases of the thyroid gland. Among causes of this complication the authors point to lymphoid infiltration of tissue and changes in autoimmune processes. Adequate operative methods, leaving sufficient quantity of the gland tissue with special reference to cellular and humoral immunity are considered as prophylactic measures. The treatment includes thyroid drugs used by a special scheme with addition of corticosteroids in autoimmune forms of thyroiditis. PMID- 3232288 TI - [Treatment of acute complicated abscess of the lungs]. AB - Results of examination and treatment of 194 patients with acute complicated abscesses of the lungs were analyzed. The main pathogenic agent of this pathology is gram-negative microorganisms and anaerobic neclostridial flora. Methods of bacterioscopy and gas-liquid chromatography were used for its verification. It was noted that the basis of medical tactics in complicated abscesses of the lungs is the rational antibiotic therapy in combination with parasurgical methods of treatment. Surgical methods are indicated in gangrening abscess, pulmonary hemorrhage, non-effective complex therapy. PMID- 3232289 TI - [Mediastinal lymphadenectomy in diffuse forms of lung cancer]. AB - Radical surgical interventions for spreaded forms of lung cancer were performed in 291 patients. Mediastinal lymphadenectomy was fulfilled in 147 out of these patients. No substantial difference was found between patients with lymphadenectomy and those without it. At the same time a tendency was established to greater amount of 5 year survival in the group of patients with mediastinal lymphadenectomy without metastases into regional lymph nodes. More than 5 year survival was noted in 23.7% of the patients. PMID- 3232290 TI - [Gastric emptying in patients with pyloroduodenal ulcers after selective proximal vagotomy]. AB - The method of roentgen planimetry was used in 79 patients with pyloroduodenal ulcer at different terms after selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) with/without draining operations in order to study the rate of emptying the stomach. It was shown that the evacuatory function of the stomach in remote periods after isolated SPV was determined by the state of the closing function of the pylorus, after SPV with drainage of the stomach--by a draining operation. Alterations of the duodenal passage not corrected during operation manifested themselves in remote periods after SPV as slower emptying of the stomach. PMID- 3232291 TI - [Causes of post-gastrectomy and post-vagotomy recurrences of peptic ulcer]. AB - The article gives an analysis of causes of recurrences of ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum in 913 patients. The use of various methods of examination enabled the authors to make a conclusion that in spite of diversity of causes of recurrent ulcer disease it is necessary to clearly establish the prevailing action of one of the causes which will allow to determine correct volume of reoperations aimed at making the conditions of digestion in the upper parts of the gastro-intestinal tract close to physiological ones. PMID- 3232292 TI - [Methodologic aspects of theories on trauma-induced disease]. AB - The authors have summarized the materials on the theory of trauma disease from the standpoint of methodological principle of determinism. The appearance of a new type of association in functioning self-regulating systems is shown which are characterized by cyclic pattern in the form of interaction of processes of different direction. It was noted that different technical approaches to studying the trauma disease should not hide their methodological unity based upon principles and laws of dialectical materialism. PMID- 3232293 TI - [Preoperative roentgeno-endovascular occlusion of the branches of the hepatic artery in focal lesions of the liver]. AB - Preoperative roentgenendovascular occlusion of branches of the hepatic artery was performed in 22 patients with local alterations of the liver. The occlusion was fulfilled with artificial emboli from hydrogel of a spherical and cylindrical form. Metallic spirals were additionally introduced into the artery lumen to 13 patients. All the patients were operated upon 1-10 days after REO (hemihepatectomy or subsegmentary resection of the liver). When using the method of REO the intraoperative blood loss was several times less, not more than 0.35 l. PMID- 3232294 TI - [Various problems of surgery of the extrahepatic bile ducts]. AB - Debatable questions of indications to choledochotomy and placing bile-eliminating anastomoses are discussed on the basis of personal experiences and data of literature. It is supposed that the amount of choledochotomies should be restricted at the expense of wider use for the revision of extrahepatic bile ducts of the cystic duct stump. In cases when bile-elimination anastomoses are not supposed oblique choledochotomy should be preferred through the cystic duct stump. Indications to the creation of bile-elimination anastomoses should not be wider. In doubtful cases the question should be solved in favour of external drainage of the common bile duct. PMID- 3232295 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic biliopancreatitis]. AB - Surgical treatment of chronic biliopancreatitis has sometimes unsatisfactory results of cholecystectomy and supraduodenal choledochoduodenoanastomosis due to non-eliminated during the operation chronic alterations of the patency of terminal parts of the common bile duct and Wirsung's duct. In most patients with chronic biliopancreatitis good and satisfactory results were noted after performing associated surgical operations including cholecystectomy, transduodenal papillosphincterotomy, wirsungoduodenotomy, correction of duodenostasis and splanchnicectomies. PMID- 3232296 TI - [Tumors of the small intestine]. AB - An analysis of 24 cases with tumors of the small intestine of both benign and malignant origin has been made. Their pathomorphological characteristics are given. Acute intestinal obstruction, hemorrhage and perifocal inflammation are found to be most frequent complications. The topical diagnostics of these tumors before operation is difficult, they manifest themselves by their complications. The operative methods are dependent on intraoperative findings. PMID- 3232297 TI - [Profuse hemorrhage from stomach ulcer after correction of the blood flow through the celiac trunk in its stenosis and in Leriche's syndrome]. PMID- 3232298 TI - [Arterial hypertension caused by retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 3232299 TI - [Functional status of the hemostasis system in patients with arteriosclerotic lesions of the terminal segment of the aorta and iliac arteries]. PMID- 3232300 TI - [Status of the cell membranes of erythrocytes and renal parenchyma in patients with chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 3232301 TI - [Immediate results of the surgical treatment of umbilical hernia in children]. AB - Based upon an experience with treatment of 126 newborns the authors consider the main cause of unfavourable outcomes resulting from the operation proper to be inadequately elevated intraperitoneal pressure. Measures for prevention of this complication are recommended. PMID- 3232302 TI - [Hemodynamic and functional changes in the liver of children with extrahepatic portal hypertension in relation to the method of portacaval shunt]. AB - Scintihepatographic investigations with colloid 99mTc before and after operations in 4 groups of children were performed: with cavo- or ileomesenterial anastomosis, with splenorenal anastomosis with splenectomy and cavo- or ileomesenterial anastomoses in children with previously performed splenectomy and in a group of comparison. Perfusion of the liver was found to decrease: in the least degree after splenorenal anastomosis and in the greater degere after cavo- and ileomesenterial one. It was established that all kinds of shunts ensured function of hepatocytes. PMID- 3232303 TI - [Immediate and late results of anti-reflux surgery in children]. AB - Nearest and long-term results of 114 antireflux operations performed on 78 children were studied. Choice of the method of operative intervention, degree of ureterectasia on excretory urograms and functional state of the urinary bladder were shown to have an influence on results of antireflux operations. Best results were obtained following operations after Politano--Leadbetter and Kohen. Unsatisfactory results were mainly observed in III-IV degree ureterectasia and continuing dysfunction of the urinary bladder. Their amount was found to increase with longer terms of observations. PMID- 3232306 TI - [Femoral hernia in a child]. PMID- 3232307 TI - [Use of the leukocyte mass in treatment of patients with suppurative lactation mastitis]. AB - The application of leukocyte mass against the background of altered reactivity of the organism was followed by positive changes of clinical and immunological data by as early as the 2-3d days of the postoperative period. The level of antistaphylococcal immunity was preserved after completion of the course of leukotransfusions. It results in complete arrest of the inflammation in the mammary gland, excludes the development of recurrences and various pyo-septic complications. Leukotransfusion is not only a method of substitution therapy but also an effective immune-correcting factor. PMID- 3232304 TI - [Use of suspended catheters (stents) during surgery of hydronephrosis in children]. AB - The application of hanging catheters (stents) in operations for hydronephrosis in children has considerable advantages over classical (open) methods of drainage. Bacteriological investigations of analyses of urea performed in open and closed closed systems of drainage have shown less incidence of infection of the upper urinary tracts with intrahospital gram-negative flora after operation on patients operated upon with using stents, which gave less amount of postoperative complications. PMID- 3232305 TI - [Dislocation of both forearm bones complicated by rupture of the internal epicondyle with its incarceration in the articular cavity in children]. AB - An analysis of the clinical picture of dislocation of both forearm bones complicated by abruption of the internal epicondyle with strangulation of it in the articulation cavity in 46 children is given. A method of open reposition of the fragment is described on the basis of many-years experience of treatment of dislocation fractures in the area of elbow joint. Long-term results of treatment were studied in 38 patients during 1-21 years. In 33 of them good results were noted. PMID- 3232308 TI - [Value of dosimetric control of ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood in surgical practice]. AB - Photometric measurements have shown that during UV irradiation of autoblood in the apparatus "Izolda" the dose of the falling UV irradiation does not remain constant. It becomes less with the term of work of the quartz-mercury lamp and at the expense of the film formed on the walls of the quartz flask of blood cells and plasma components. Therefore for the comparative assessment of the biological and clinical effects in photomodification of autoblood and its transfusion it is necessary to measure the dose of the falling UVI. PMID- 3232309 TI - Fetal and placental lesions in bovine abortion due to Tritrichomonas foetus. AB - Laboratory records and histologic material from 13 cases of naturally occurring, early- to late-term bovine abortion due to Tritrichomonas foetus were examined. Placentitis was present in all placentas. Pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia was in six of the 11 lungs which were examined. Trichomonad organisms were demonstrated within the placental stroma in all cases and free or phagocytized in pulmonary airways in seven cases. PMID- 3232310 TI - Histologic and ultrastructural alterations in lungs of rats exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. AB - Fischer-344 rats were killed 1, 18, and 42 hr after a single 4-hr exposure to an atmosphere of 0, 116, or 615 mg m-3 of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Lungs, fixed by the intratracheal route, were examined by light and electron microscopy. Histologic changes were transient and mainly present in rats exposed to 615 mg m 3 H2S. Lesions included severe but transitory pulmonary edema and fibrinocellular alveolitis which was restricted to the proximal alveolar region of the lung. Electron microscopically, ciliated bronchiolar cells were the only cells that developed necrosis; they were rapidly replaced by mitosis. Alveolar endothelium had cytoplasmic blebs, but alveolar epithelium had minor changes. No mast cell degranulation was detected in lungs with edema. A 4-hr exposure to 615 mg m-3 is markedly edematogenic for the lung but only moderately cytotoxic for pulmonary cells. PMID- 3232312 TI - Giant cell hepatopathy in three aborted midterm equine fetuses. PMID- 3232311 TI - Adenomatous dysplasia of the equine allantois. PMID- 3232313 TI - Ultrastructure of spontaneous cardiac calcification in DBA/2NCrj mice. PMID- 3232314 TI - Enterococcus (Streptococcus) durans adherence in the small intestine of a diarrheic pup. PMID- 3232315 TI - Spongiform encephalopathy in a nyala (Tragelaphus angasi). PMID- 3232316 TI - Testicular teratoma and seminoma in a woodchuck. PMID- 3232317 TI - Vaccination against ovine dermatophilosis. AB - Zoospore, filamentous and soluble antigens were prepared from Dermatophilus congolensis and examined for their ability to protect sheep from challenge with D. congolensis zoospores. In 1 experiment, sheep were vaccinated with Antigens A, B and C. The number of sheep protected in the group vaccinated with Antigen B was greater (P less than 0.05) than that in the unvaccinated group after challenge. The group vaccinated with Antigen B had a higher antibody response (P less than 0.05) to Antigen B than to Antigen A or C. In a second experiment, 2 groups of sheep were vaccinated with Antigen B. All sheep in this study developed lesions after challenge, but those on the vaccinated sheep were less severe (P less than 0.05) than those on the unvaccinated sheep. The antibody response to Antigen A, 28 days after vaccination, was higher (P less than 0.05) than the response to Antigen B. PMID- 3232318 TI - Protection of mice against the lethal effect of an intraperitoneal infection with Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae after vaccination with capsular proteins. AB - Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae Serotypes 5 and 7 capsular antigens (CA-1) were precipitated from culture supernatants with N-cetyl-N,N,N, trimethylammonium bromide (Cetavlon). CA-1 contained a carbohydrate to protein ratio of 2:1 for Serotype 5 and 3:1 for Serotype 7. Glucosamine and uronic acid were detected in CA-1 from both serotypes suggesting that the capsule contained hyaluronic acid. All mice immunized intraperitoneally with CA-1 vaccine were protected from death when challenged with 10X the LD50 of the homologous but not the heterologous serotype. Oil adjuvants and the use of young (6 h) cultures were necessary for CA-1 vaccines to be protective. Deproteinization of CA-1 with chloroform and butanol followed by pronase treatment resulted in failure to protect mice from death. The protective capsular protein antigen in CA-1 vaccine may not originate from the outer membrane (OM) since repeated washing of the OM to elute the capsular protein antigen rendered the OM vaccine completely nonprotective for mice. Vaccines prepared from cell-wall lipopolysaccharide also were nonprotective for mice. Passive immunization of mice with anti-CA-1 antibody produced in rabbits to Serotype 5 was highly protective (P less than 0.01) for mice when challenged with 10X the LD50 of the homologous serotype. PMID- 3232319 TI - Intracerebral pathogenicity for chickens of avian influenza viruses isolated from free-living waterfowl in Japan. AB - The pathogenicity for chickens of 91 strains of avian influenza A virus isolated from such free-living waterfowl as whistling swan, pintail, tufted duck, mallard and black-tailed gull in Japan was tested. The majority of the virus strains infected and were pathogenic for the chickens. The virulence of these viruses seemed not to be as high as that of fowl plague virus. There were no significant differences in the intracerebral index score among the viruses belonging to the same subtype, irrespective of year of isolation or host. PMID- 3232320 TI - Antigenic analysis of three strains of Mycoplasma meleagridis of varying pathogenicity. AB - Three strains of Mycoplasma meleagridis of varying pathogenicity were characterized by conventional serologic methods and by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The three strains (RY-39A, MC-25B, and RY-39C) did not differ by cross agglutination, immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion tests. However, the strains differed in their protein patterns as determined by SDS-PAGE. PMID- 3232321 TI - Effects of chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine on wound healing in dogs. AB - To correlate the results of an in vitro study with clinical response, the effects of 0.005 and 0.05% chlorhexidine diacetate and 0.1 and 1.0% povidone-iodine concentrations on wound healing were evaluated in five beagle dogs. Full thickness skin wounds (2 X 2 cm) were irrigated once daily for 14 days with the antiseptic solutions or physiologic-buffered saline. Chlorhexidine diacetate 0.05% had significantly more bactericidal activity than povidone-iodine and saline, and both chlorhexidine diacetate concentrations had residual effects 6 hours after irrigation. Neither povidone-iodine nor saline had significant bactericidal activity. The percentages of unhealed wound area and wound contraction were calculated 7, 14, and 21 days after wounding. Healed wound area and contraction were similar in wounds treated with chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine. However, wounds treated with chlorhexidine diacetate had more healed wound area on days 7 and 14 and more contraction on days 7, 14, and 21 than saline-treated wounds. At the concentrations tested, chlorhexidine diacetate irrigations provided bactericidal activity and were more beneficial to wound healing than irrigations with saline alone. These results suggest that concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate which are cytotoxic to tissue culture fibroblasts in vitro do not interfere with wound healing in vivo. PMID- 3232322 TI - Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in the dog. A new technique. AB - A technique for localizing the canine hypophysis regardless of the shape or size of a dog's skull was evaluated. Using known anatomic landmarks, the approximate location of the hypophysis was estimated, and three small self-threading screws were placed as radiographic markers in the exposed sphenoid bone. A cranial sinus venogram was performed and the hypophysis was outlined by the contrast-filled cavernous sinus. A circular ostectomy was centered over the hypophysis, using the previously placed screws as reference points. The technique was evaluated in eight dogs in a nonsurvival procedure. In seven dogs, hypophysectomy was complete and the ostectomy sites were centered precisely over the hypophysis. PMID- 3232323 TI - Silicone elastomer sling for fecal incontinence in dogs. AB - Fecal incontinence was created by bilateral pudendal neurectomy in 12 dogs. In six dogs, the fecal incontinence was treated by implantation of a polyester impregnated silicone elastomer sling to form an artificial external anal sphincter. Six dogs underwent the same operative procedure without the implant to serve as controls. Five dogs regained total continence and one dog regained partial continence after implantation of the sling. Four control dogs remained incontinent and two control dogs regained partial continence. The difference between the dogs with slings and the controls was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The only complication was infection in one dog, which was treated successfully. Histologic reaction to the implant was confined to a zone of fibrosis 1 to 3 mm surrounding the implant. The sling was well tolerated clinically and appeared to offer a successful method for correction of fecal incontinence in dogs. PMID- 3232324 TI - Axial pattern flap based on the superficial brachial artery in the dog. AB - An axial pattern flap based on the superficial brachial artery and vein (brachial axial pattern flap) was developed on the forelimbs of five dogs. The flap was immediately transferred to a distal cutaneous defect created on the antebrachium of that limb. A control flap was elevated on the opposite limb and transferred to a similar distal site after ligation of the superficial brachial artery and vein at the base of the flap. Mean brachial axial pattern flap survival (98%) was significantly more than mean control flap survival (77%) (p less than 0.05). Results of this study suggest that the brachial axial pattern flap has potential application for closure of major cutaneous defects involving the canine antebrachium above the carpus. PMID- 3232325 TI - A mucosal flap technique for correction of laryngeal webbing. Results in four dogs. AB - Postoperative laryngeal webbing in four dogs was corrected with a mucosal flap technique using mucosa harvested from the lateral wall of the laryngeal ventricle. Airway obstruction caused by the webbing was relieved in all dogs. Follow-up time was 3 months to 5 years. The technique allowed mucosal apposition without undue tension on the suture line. PMID- 3232326 TI - Mechanical evaluation of two canine iliac fracture fixation systems. AB - Twenty-three canine pelves were tested bilaterally to determine the stiffness and strength of intact ilium and stabilized oblique iliac osteotomies that simulated a common clinical fracture. Fixation systems tested were three 4.0 mm cancellous screws inserted ventral to dorsal across the osteotomy site and one laterally placed five hole 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate. Specimens were mechanically tested to failure under torsional, axial, or axial plus bending loads. Lag screw fixation was stiffer and stronger than plate fixation in all testing modes. The differences were statistically significant (p less than .05) in the torsional and axial plus bending loading modes. Fatigue testing was performed on implanted specimens with low-level cyclic loading under axial plus bending loading conditions. Physiologic loading conditions failed to produce mechanical failure of either fixation system after 100,000 cycles. PMID- 3232327 TI - A combined tension band and lag screw technique for fixation of olecranon osteotomies. AB - A combined tension band and lag screw technique for fixation of olecranon osteotomies was used in six canine clinical patients weighing 4.5 to 19 kg. After the proximal part of the ulnar shaft was exposed, a screw hole was drilled and tapped just cranial to the caudal cortex of the olecranon. An osteotomy was performed and the hole in the olecranon fragment was overdrilled to form a gliding hole. For reconstruction, the olecranon was reduced anatomically and compressed with a screw placed in lag fashion. With the trochlear notch exposed, a Kirschner wire was inserted cranial to the screw, using care not to enter the elbow joint. A double-twist figure-eight tension band wire was placed around the Kirschner wire in five dogs and around the screw in one dog. In this dog, a spiked washer was used with the screw because a small olecranon fragment had been produced by incorrect osteotomy position. A painful soft tissue swelling over the prominent washer, which resolved after implant removal, was the only complication attributed to the technique. The combined tension band wire and lag screw technique was a rapid and reliable method for fixation of olecranon osteotomies. PMID- 3232328 TI - Mandibular fractures in the cat. A retrospective study. AB - A retrospective study was made of 75 mandibular fractures in 62 cats. Mandibular fractures comprised 14.5% of all fractures seen in 517 cats. Automobile trauma was the cause of injury in more than 50% of the cases. The mean age of patients was 29.5 months. Symphyseal fractures were most common (73.3%), followed by fractures of the body (16%), condyle (6.7%), and coronoid process (4%). Sixty seven percent of the fractures were stabilized. Cerclage and interfragmentary wiring were the most common forms of fixation. Antibiotics were administered to 73.6% of the patients. Complications were reported in 24.5% of the cats. Malocclusion and soft tissue infections were the most frequent complications. Complications developed more commonly in cats with multiple or open fractures. Clinical union occurred by an average of 6 weeks (range, 3-12 weeks) for symphyseal fractures, 10 weeks (range, 8-16 weeks) for body fractures, 6 weeks for coronoid fractures, and 6 weeks (range, 4-8 weeks) for condylar fractures. PMID- 3232329 TI - The effects of fixation of the ulna to the radius in young foals. AB - The effects of radioulnar fixation were studied in 21 Quarter horse foals by applying a bone plate to the caudal aspect of the proximal part of the ulna, with screws engaging both the radius and the ulna. The plates were applied at 1 month of age in six foals (group I), 5 months of age in six foals (group II), and 7 months of age in three foals (group III). Six foals underwent sham operations at 1 month of age to serve as controls (group IV). Ulnar dysplasia and elbow subluxation developed in all treated foals. The magnitude of ulnar dysplasia was inversely related to the patient's age at fixation and was accompanied by degenerative joint disease and lameness in foals undergoing fixation at 1 and 5 months of age. Removal of the fixation appliances 16 weeks after implantation in three foals from each of groups I and II failed to reverse the degree of ulnar dysplasia. Although foals undergoing fixation at 7 months of age (group III) were not lame, radiographic evidence of subluxation and subtle degenerative changes in the articular cartilage of the treated elbow did develop. Recommendations for avoidance of radioulnar fixation were developed from these observations. PMID- 3232330 TI - The use of intraneural doxorubicin in association with palmar digital neurectomy in 28 horses. AB - Painful neuroma formation after palmar digital neurectomy in the horse is common. Experimentally, injection of doxorubicin (Adriamycin) into the proximal transected nerve stump has been shown to prevent axon sprouting and neuroma formation for up to 5 months. This procedure was used in 28 horses with navicular disease, preexisting painful neuroma, or wing fractures of the distal phalanx. At 1 month, 16 horses had incisional complications. At 1 year, 15 horses were sound. Eight horses were lame, although three were improved. Three horses required a second surgical procedure, two of which became sound. Follow-up was not available in two horses. The technique used in this study has an unacceptable rate of wound complications and no benefit over other palmar digital neurectomy techniques currently in use. PMID- 3232332 TI - Health aspects of pregnancy and childbirth. PMID- 3232331 TI - Delayed repair of an extensive lip laceration in a colt using an Estlander flap. AB - A vascularized full-thickness Estlander flap was used to repair a defect involving approximately 40% of the left lower lip of a colt. Postoperative problems were (1) providing nutritional support, (2) minimizing movement at the surgical site, and (3) partial wound dehiscence resulting in a salivary fistula. The surgical site healed well and the colt was left with a fully functional and cosmetic lower lip. PMID- 3232333 TI - [Nutrition and arterial blood pressure level in an organized population]. AB - A total of 1563 males, aged from 20 to 59 years, engaged in scientific pedagogical activity were under study. Relationship between the nutrition parameters and arterial blood pressure level was established by multiple step-by step regression analysis considering the main risk factors and age. Dietetic correction conducted during 3 years has resulted in the lowering of arterial blood pressure below the borderline level of arterial hypertension in 24.6% of the subjects, while in the control group normalization of arterial blood pressure was recorded only in 6.8% of the subjects with arterial hypertension (p less than 0.01). The highest effect on the arterial blood pressure lowering was produced by the body mass diminution due to a long-term dietetic correction and increased percent of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the ration. PMID- 3232334 TI - [Determining the "critical" level of body mass index in dietary preventive programs]. AB - The screening of 709 subjects of both sexes, aged from 16 to 64 years, representing samples from unorganized population was conducted to determine the critical level of body mass index as a criterion for current preventive dietary measures. Anthropometric studies were made, standard questionnaire was used to detect chest pains, ECG at rest was recorded in 12 standard leads using the Minnesota Code. Glucose level in the capillary blood was estimated with the use of "Glucoscot", the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol in the blood serum was assayed in AA-2 ("Technicon"). The results of the investigations have shown that 71.4% of males and 64.4% of females under 40 years have normal body mass. Body mass index of the most of males over 40 years comprises 25-29.9 units, and that of females 30.0-39.7 units. Body mass index 25-29.9 units corresponds to the I degree of obesity in males, and to the I-II degrees of obesity in females, while index 30-39.9 units corresponds to the II degree of obesity in males, and to the II-III degrees of obesity in females. The authors have recommended body mass index 25 units as the reference criterion for preventive measures to control the main chronic diseases. PMID- 3232335 TI - [Lipolytic activity of the small intestine in patients with duodenal ulcer]. AB - Aspiration biopsy of the mucosa from the beginning of the jejunum was conducted in 43 patients with duodenal ulcer (during exacerbation) and in 15 normal subjects (control group). The biopsy sample was used to study the jejunum activity in providing the initial stages of triglyceride hydrolysis in the area of membrane and intestinal digestion. Monoglyceride lipase activity of biopsy sample homogenate was studied that provided the final stages of triglyceride hydrolysis. As a result of histological investigations of biopsy samples from 34 patients, chronic jejunitis (without atrophy) was diagnosed in 32 of them. Increased lipolytic activity providing the initial stages of triglyceride hydrolysis in the area of intestinal and membrane digestion, and decreased production of monoglyceride lipase by the jejunum have been recorded. PMID- 3232336 TI - [Effect of supplementary intake of vitamins for 6 months on physical and mental work capacity of children beginning school education at the age of 6 years]. AB - The authors have estimated the influence of polyvitamin intake on mental and physical working capacity of schoolchildren beginning their study from 6 years. A total of 74 children were under observation. They were divided into 2 groups: control (30 children) who were not given vitamins, and the main group (44 children) who received Undevitum (1/2 capsule, 2 times/day) during 6 months of the winter-spring period. It was found that already after 3 months of vitamin intake children studying in kindergartens or at school demonstrated increased number of letters looked through, muscle strength, decreased number of mistakes after introduction of a differential component. At the same time no favourable changes were recorded in the control group who did not receive vitamins. Six months after the beginning of vitamin intake the number of letters looked through by the children in the main group was higher by 22-37% than in the control group, the muscle strength was higher by 37-40%, the fatigue limit--by 113-119%, while the latent period of visual-motor reactions was lower by 25-30%, and that of audio-motor reactions--by 12-14%, as compared to the control group. PMID- 3232337 TI - [Effect of various dietary proteins on the processes of lipid transport in the blood serum]. AB - The influence of isocaloric semi-synthetic rations with varying protein components (casein, wheat gluten, isolates of cotton, soybean and rice proteins) on lipid transport processes in the blood serum was studied in experiments on made August rats. It has been shown that the alimentary proteins studied affect blood serum lipids and lipoproteins by altering lypolysis activity in the serum, by modifying the hepatic production of high-density lipoproteins and their free cholesterol, by disturbance of low-density lipoprotein degradation. The rest mechanisms regulating lipid transport in the blood serum are changed insignificantly. PMID- 3232338 TI - [Effect of retinol, tocopherol and ascorbic acid on vitamin metabolism in experimental chromium poisoning and controlled diet]. AB - The possibility of dietary correction of disorders in the metabolism of some fat- and water-soluble vitamins under chrome intoxication has been shown experimentally in August rats giver rations supplemented with fibers and antioxidant vitamins. The results obtained can be used as the theoretical ground for further improvement of nutrition for chrome industry workers. PMID- 3232339 TI - [Effect of long-term consumption of various krill products on lysosomal proteinase activity in rats]. AB - Total and nonsedimentable cathepsin A, B, C and D activity was studied in the liver and kidneys, as well as in the blood serum of rats fed with rations containing protein isolate from krill (100 and 50%) and krill flesh (100%) during .6 and 12 months. Selective activation of cathepsins A dn D in the liver, intensified nonsedimentable activity of all lysosomal proteinases studied, most manifest at the initial stages of the experiment (4 months), and a sharp (0.5-3.5 fold) rise of these enzymes' activity in the blood serum were recorded in rats when the krill isolate served the only source of protein (100%) in their ration. PMID- 3232341 TI - [Microbiological characteristics and detection of capsular forms of bacteria of the intestinal group in confectionery produced at the candy-chocolate factories]. AB - Five types of confectionery and its semifinished products were investigated for contamination with Klebsiella, mesophilic aerobic and elective anaerobic, coliform bacteria, E. coli, etc. after a long-term storage. E. coli and St. aureus were not detected after inoculation on 1 g of the product; mold fungi were identified only in singular samples, their level did not exceed 20 CFU/g; the level of mesophilic aerobic and elective anaerobic bacteria varied from several hundreds to 3000-5500 CFU/g; coliform bacteria were identified in the amounts from 11 to 100 CFU/g. The identification of coliform bacteria has evidenced the presence of Enterobacter aerogenes and Kl. pneumoniae in the products investigated. Klebsiella were detected in 28-30% of the samples analyzed, their level did not exceed 100 CFU/g. The authors have proved the necessity of microbiological control of starting material, semifinished and finished confectionery products for the above bacteria. PMID- 3232340 TI - [Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of vitamin-enriched chopped meat products]. AB - The ration devoid of vitamins B1 and B2 and niacin, given to growing rats during 4-10 weeks led to growth cessation, a decrease in body mass and the development of vitamin deficiency that was expressed in a drastic lowering of red blood cell transketolase activity, and to increased effects of TDF and FAD. Inclusion into the animals' ration of cutlets enriched with vitamins B1, B2, C and niacin completely normalized their growth and biochemical parameters of their providing with vitamins B1 and B2. Routine cutlets were less effective. The feeding of rats with vitamin-enriched cutlets during 10 weeks did not induce any histological or histochemical disorders in their internal organs. PMID- 3232342 TI - [Hygienic substantiation of using new antibiotic preparations, tylosin phosphate and vitagrin as food additives]. AB - Hygienic regulation of the use of the agents studied in animal experiments as food additives has been validated with respect to the dose level, regimen of addition and the period of waiting for slaughter. It is recommended that tylosin phosphate should be included into the animals' ration as a food additive in a dose of 60 mg/kg for a short time (2-3 days), the period of waiting for slaughter being not less than 6-7 days. Addition of vitagrin has been recommended for young growing animals in a dose of 400-500 g/ton of feed. The dose of vitagrin should be reduced to 200-300 g/ton of feed one-two months before slaughter, with a 10 day period of waiting for slaughter. PMID- 3232343 TI - [Vitamin E and propolis as antioxidants after excessive administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids]. AB - Polyunsaturated fatty acids included into animals' ration (10% of linethol) intensified lipid peroxidation and increased the activity of cathepsin D, an enzyme responsible for protein and lipid degradation in the cell. Vitamin E stabilized the impaired processes. Biologically active complex of propolis produced a similar effect, however, decreased protein synthesis and a tendency to animals' body mass increment have evidenced a more pronounced antioxidative action as compared to that of vitamin E. PMID- 3232345 TI - [The first course dishes, prepared at home, for child nutrition]. PMID- 3232344 TI - [Amino acid level in pastry with low caloric value]. AB - The effect of fruit paste additives on amino acid composition of farinaceous and decorative confectionery semifinished products was studied to decrease their fuel value. It was found that a partial replacement of sugar and fat for apple and quince pastes in apple biscuit and apple shortbread semiproducts led to an increase in the content of essential and sulfur-containing amino acids. Cream prepared from egg albumin and quince paste had reduced content of amino acids (except for glutamic acid) due to the diminished content of egg albumin, however, the balance of amino acid composition was improved. PMID- 3232346 TI - [Diet therapy of patients after operations on the stomach]. PMID- 3232347 TI - [Phosphorus-calcium metabolism in patients with malabsorption syndrome on diets with various ratios of calcium and phosphorus]. AB - Phosphorus-calcium metabolism was studied in 74 patients with malabsorption syndrome that had developed as a result of chronic enteritis or after resection of the small intestine. The results of the treatment of 21 patients who received diets with Ca/P ratio--1:1.5 (bread enriched with Ca was included into the ration) have shown that dietotherapy led to the correction of the initial hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. PMID- 3232348 TI - [Characteristics of the actual nutrition of Estonian and Finnish children]. AB - The initial stage of the joint Soviet-Finnish scientific investigations of the risk factors of obesity in children is presented in the paper. The investigations were conducted by the Nutrition Department of the Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, in the Estonian SSR, and the Helsinki University in Finland. The authors have analyzed daily intake of varying food products by children aged from 1 to 15 years, as well as daily average-energy consumption with food ration as a whole and separately at the expense of protein, fatty and carbohydrate components of food rations of these children. Although children in the Estonian SSR and in Finland receive different food products, the energy value of the food ration and percent distribution of energy with respect to separate food ingredients in the children investigated were practically similar. PMID- 3232349 TI - [The prognosis of endogenous nitrogen loss of the human body by the level of energy consumption]. AB - Excretion of total nitrogen with urine and feces was studied and the value of nitrogen balance was calculated in young male volunteers under conditions of complete starvation or receiving protein-free rations of varying energy value. The data obtained were computerized and equations were derived permitting prognosis of the amount of daily excretion of endogenous nitrogen with urine and feces at different time and at any level of energy consumption. PMID- 3232350 TI - [Effect of copper deficiency on growth and bone tissue formation]. AB - The influence of copper deficiency on the growth was studied in schoolchildren, and on the osteogenesis--in experimental animals. The results of the investigations conducted have shown that copper deficiency may be one of the causes of disturbances in growth and osteogenesis in the growing body. Osteogenesis disturbances observed in the animals with copper deficiency were associated with the inhibition of the synthesis of enzymatic systems and protein metabolism in chondro- and osteoblasts. PMID- 3232351 TI - [Effect of the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega 6 and omega 3 families in the diet of rats on the cholesterol content of the blood plasma and liver]. AB - The influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega 6 and omega 3 on the cholesterol level in the blood plasma and liver was studied in rats fed with rations containing no fats during 6 weeks. The total cholesterol content in the blood plasma decreased in the animals given ration with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and the ration containing "Iwashi" sardine fat combined with sunflower oil. In the animals receiving the latter ration the level of free cholesterol in the liver lowered, however, the level of total cholesterol and its esters rose that could be explained by the reduction of the ratio of fatty acids 20:4/18:2 in cholesterol esters. PMID- 3232352 TI - [Content of N-nitrosamines in Soviet food products]. AB - The author presents the results of the analysis of N-nitrosamine (NA) content in animal and vegetable products from various regions of the country. The causes of NA formation from their precursors during technological treatment and possible ways of its prevention have been discussed. PMID- 3232353 TI - [The liver monooxygenase system in nutritional deficiency in rats in early ontogeny]. AB - Young rats aged 14 days were subjected to malnutrition during 3.7 and 14 days. Activity of the main microsomal enzymes and lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in the microsomal cytosol fraction of the liver was studied in the test and control (aged 17.21 and 28 days) animals. It has been found that constant malnutrition leads to elevation of amidopyrine demethylase activity and inhibition of c reductase and aniline hydrolase NADP.H cytochrome activities, as well as to a decreased content of protein and cytochrome P-450 in the liver. At the same time the levels of conjugated dienes and diene-ketones in the microsomal-cytosol fraction of the liver significantly rise that denotes activation of LPO in the microsomal membranes. It has been suggested that the suppression of the monooxygenase system function during malnutrition induces inhibition of the intensity of biotransformation of xenobiotics, including drugs which is responsible for intensification of pharmacodynamics and toxicity of the latter. These conditions should be taken into consideration during drug therapy in patients with malnutrition. PMID- 3232354 TI - [The amino acid composition of dried buttermilk and its effect on the blood amino acid spectrum in white rats]. PMID- 3232355 TI - [Screening of yeast strains sensitive to toxin T-2]. PMID- 3232356 TI - Excess mortality from heart disease in West Virginia. PMID- 3232357 TI - Workers under stress. Self-reported health and well-being of Weirton steel workers before and after becoming an ESOP company. PMID- 3232358 TI - The importance of medical research in the Commonwealth Caribbean. PMID- 3232359 TI - Crohn's disease in Jamaica. PMID- 3232360 TI - Hash-oil manufacture: an important factor in the occurrence of adult burns in Jamaica. PMID- 3232361 TI - Indications and risks of abdominal hysterectomy. PMID- 3232362 TI - Pregnancy complicated by maternal cardiac disease. PMID- 3232363 TI - Complications of grand multiparity. PMID- 3232364 TI - Arthroscopy: an initial experience. PMID- 3232365 TI - Coexistence of porphyria cutanea tarda and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3232366 TI - Acute myocardial infarction following blunt chest trauma due to the kick of a cow. PMID- 3232367 TI - Disseminated infection caused by penicillin-resistant gonococci in two Jamaicans. PMID- 3232368 TI - Supporting Evidence for the Use of Cassava [Manihot esculeta] Products Instead of Wheat Flour Products in the Diet of the Diabetic. PMID- 3232369 TI - [Value of amikacin in multiple organ failure]. PMID- 3232370 TI - [Polycardiographic evaluation of the effect of outpatient rehabilitation on left ventricular function after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3232371 TI - [Various psychosomatic problems in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3232372 TI - [Rehabilitation treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3232373 TI - [Evaluation of bacteriologic examination of the urine of children with pyelonephritis treated during the years 1985-1986]. PMID- 3232374 TI - [Sensitivity of Staphylococci to netilmicin and other antibiotics with reference to oxacillin-resistant strains]. PMID- 3232375 TI - [Extensive thrombosis of the right and left coronary arteries in bacterial endocarditis in a 28-year-old man]. PMID- 3232377 TI - [Melanosis coli]. PMID- 3232376 TI - [Pneumonia in children caused by Chlamydia trachomatis]. PMID- 3232378 TI - [Obstruction of strangulated intestine as a complication of autotransplantation of the spleen after its injury]. PMID- 3232379 TI - [Fetal alcohol syndrome in an infant]. PMID- 3232380 TI - [Problem of toxocariasis in Lithuania]. PMID- 3232381 TI - Use of an IgM-ELISA for diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. PMID- 3232382 TI - [Electrophoretic characteristics of soluble proteins of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758)]. PMID- 3232384 TI - [Effect of Varroa jacobsone invasion on the development of queen bees]. PMID- 3232383 TI - [The problem of gastrointestinal Nematode infections in heifers in industrial animal husbandry]. PMID- 3232385 TI - [Nematoda of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.) of Lower Silesia]. PMID- 3232386 TI - Two new species Photia genus Oudemans, 1904 (Acari, Astigmata, Canestriniidae) from Poland. PMID- 3232388 TI - [Ectoparasites from the nests of the swallow Riparia riparia (L.)]. PMID- 3232387 TI - [Mites (Acari) occurring in Poland on beetles of the genus Carabus Linnaeus 1758 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae)]. PMID- 3232389 TI - Are women's suicides really different from men's? AB - The suicide notes of females and males were compared for the presence of 50 classifications (protocol sentences) regarding twelve discrete psychological variables: conscious intention, perturbation, lethality, relations, self cognitions, truncated cognitions, cognitions regarding an after life, the experience of trauma, fear of insanity, egression, early life stresses, and serial instability. Independent judges noted the incidence of contents corresponding to the protocol sentences in 40 suicide notes, twenty notes for each sex controlled for age. No sex differences were noted. Converging data from Shneidman (1971) and Tomlinson-Keasey, Warren and Elliot (1986) on suicide in gifted women and men was presented to support this negative finding. Although further studies are warranted, it may well be that there are no sex differences on many critical (genotypic) psychological variables in suicide notes and, by implication, suicide. PMID- 3232390 TI - Gender role nonconformity and perception of mental illness. AB - The hypothesis that clinicians' perceptions of psychological maladjustment are related to the deviation of symptoms from prevailing gender role stereotypes was explored. Case history descriptions were sent to a random sample of practicing psychologists. These clinicians viewed female patients with "masculine" symptoms (e.g., alcoholism or antisocial behavior) as more psychologically disturbed than males with the same symptoms; they also perceived male patients with "feminine" symptoms (e.g., depression and anxiety) as more psychologically disturbed than their female counterparts. Significant main effects for psychologists' sex were found for both the perceived usefulness of drug treatment and prognostic outlook ratings. PMID- 3232391 TI - Employment characteristics, social support and the well-being of women. AB - The impact of employment on the well-being of women is examined using a theoretical framework which is based on the premise that social roles and qualities of roles affect well-being through their impact on self-esteem and social support. The nature and magnitude of the effects of employment on well being are expected to vary according to the characteristics of employment. Two aspects of the nature of work are examined, autonomy and complexity. Data are based on a probability sample of adult employed women (N = 534). Results indicate that both dimensions of employment characteristics have positive effects on social support. Social support and employment characteristics also directly affect well-being. PMID- 3232393 TI - The mastectomy experience: patients' perspectives. AB - This paper reports information gained from in-depth structured interviews of 27 women who had undergone mastectomy regarding their experiences from time of detection of the breast lump until complete recovery was achieved. Special emphasis was placed on the emotional/psychological aspects of the mastectomy experience. Although the experience was different for all of the women interviewed, some common elements emerged. Nearly all of the women discovered the breast lump themselves. Most of them recalled the reactions of significant others in their environment, including their physician, as supportive, although nearly half of them did not feel that they had been adequately prepared by health care professionals for what to expect from the mastectomy. They overwhelmingly supported the idea of a coordinated program for post-mastectomy patients to ensure that the needs of future patients are met. PMID- 3232394 TI - Gastric cancer. PMID- 3232392 TI - Severe perimenstrual symptoms: prevalence and effects on absenteeism and health care seeking in a non-clinical sample. AB - Three hundred eight nursing students were classified into three perimenstrual severity groups based on their responses to the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, disregarding the number of symptoms reported. The prevalence of severe perimenstrual symptoms was 44% for strong symptoms and 18% for acute symptoms. Severity was significantly related to perimenstrual absence and to health care seeking for menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, and for gynecological disorders unrelated to menstruation. Severity was not significantly related to non-gynecological absence or health care seeking for non-gynecological disorders. Severe menstrual symptoms, particularly dysmenorrhea, had more of an effect on absenteeism and health care seeking than severe premenstrual symptoms. PMID- 3232395 TI - Cancer of the unknown primary site. PMID- 3232396 TI - Peritonitis in children with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3232397 TI - Physicians and the Prescription Drug Marketing Act. PMID- 3232398 TI - Learning to speak the language. PMID- 3232399 TI - Medical students hold anti-tobacco art contest for kids. PMID- 3232400 TI - The physician's role in fighting child abuse. PMID- 3232401 TI - Clinical cancer: 32. Follow-up of the "cured" cancer patient. PMID- 3232402 TI - Quacks sell hope, not health care. PMID- 3232403 TI - [Non-transmissible diseases in the world: a health priority problem of increasing importance]. PMID- 3232404 TI - Cancers of the stomach, lung and breast: mortality trends and control strategies. AB - Mortality trends for the three most common tumours--stomach, lung and breast cancer--were evaluated for nine countries. Stomach cancer is decreasing sharply and consistently in the countries studied. However, virtually all of this decline can be attributed to improvements in food preservation techniques and the resulting change in diet, rather than any action of the medical community. Lung cancer is rapidly increasing in most countries, especially in women, and is likely to become the dominant cancer worldwide by the end of this century. So far, only comprehensive tobacco-control programmes in the United Kingdom and Finland have succeeded in reversing the upward trend in lung-cancer mortality. Breast-cancer death rates are generally rising, although some recent, but probably short-term, declines have been seen. Effectiveness of the currently available approaches for each of the common cancers is summarized in Table 1. Because about half of worldwide mortality from cancer occurs in developing countries and resources in these countries are severely limited, care needs to be taken in the selection of proper priorities (18). The most effective tool we have at this time to deal with these tumours is the control of tobacco for the prevention of lung cancer. Comprehensive national programmes, consisting of legislative and education measures, are needed. The greatest decrease in breast cancer mortality is likely to be the result of early detection and prompt treatment of the disease; public awareness of the value of early detection is an important factor here. Fortunately, mortality from stomach cancer is decreasing on its own, as little can be done to control this disease otherwise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3232405 TI - Geographical variation in the major risk factors of coronary heart disease in men and women aged 35-64 years. The WHO MONICA Project. AB - The WHO MONICA Project is designed to measure the trends in mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and to assess the extent to which they are related to changes in known risk factors in different populations in 27 countries. Risk-factor data are collected from population samples examined in at least two population surveys (one at the beginning of the study and the other at the end). The results of the baseline population surveys are presented. In populations studied, the proportion of smokers varied between 34-62% among men and 3-52% among women. The population median of systolic blood pressure varied between 121-146 mmHg in men. In women the figures were 118 mmHg and 141 mmHg respectively. In diastolic blood pressure, the variation of median was from 74 mmHg to over 91 mmHg among men and from 72-89 mmHg among women. The third major risk factor considered was total cholesterol, with the population median ranging between 4.1-6.4 mmol/l among men and 4.2-6.3 mmol/l among women. Caution is required when making cross-sectional comparisons between the risk factor levels as the MONICA Project was not designed for this purpose. Nevertheless, these data demonstrate clearly the large variety of baseline risk factor patterns in populations studied in the MONICA Project. PMID- 3232406 TI - Trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in industrialized countries since 1950. AB - In most industrialized countries, mortality in general, and cardiovascular disease mortality in particular, have shown decreasing trends since around 1970, following stagnation or increases observed during the 1950s and 1960s. In some countries, however (e.g. in Eastern Europe), male mortality from cardiovascular diseases increased during recent years. The levels and trends of mortality from cardiovascular diseases vary considerably among countries. Measured in terms of age-standardized rates, the ratio between the highest and the lowest rates around 1985 was about 2 for total mortality but about 4 for all cardiovascular diseases combined. With further breakdowns the ratio was even greater, i.e. 4-5 for heart diseases and 6-7 for cerebrovascular disease. For ischaemic heart disease alone, the ratio reached as high as 10, though part of this wide range should be attributed to artefacts due to the varying diagnostic practices followed in different countries. The speed of mortality changes also differed among countries, ranging from a rapid decrease to a rapid increase. In general, the trends were much more favourable in females than in males. Consequently, sex differentials have been widened. The male/female ratio in mortality for ischaemic heart disease has now exceeded 3 in a number of countries. The ratio for cerebrovascular diseases, which used to be close to 1 in many countries in the early 1950s, has also increased, often reaching the level of 1.5 or higher. Differentials were observed also among different age groups in some countries. There seems to be a tendency for mortality change, either an increase or a decrease, to be quicker in younger age groups than in older ones. These varying levels and trends in cardiovascular disease mortality have no doubt been caused by a multitude of risk factors operating in each country, affecting the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and their prognosis. Much is already known about these risk factors and about the measures to be taken by the health services as well as by individuals for prevention and effective therapy. The considerable variation in mortality levels and trends observed among different countries points to the possibility for action by countries heavily affected by cardiovascular diseases. Mortality surveillance in each country and at the international level thus reveals how each country's situation and trends compare with others and provides a basis for action and further research. Progress in WHO's MONICA (MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease) project will clarify various aspects of the role played by risk factors in different communities. PMID- 3232407 TI - World Health Organization activities in the field of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3232408 TI - Descriptive occupational morbidity statistics. AB - In spite of their value to indicate the magnitude of occupational health problems, descriptive occupational morbidity statistics tend to be neglected. The accuracy of occupational morbidity statistics depends on counting the morbid condition as well as the occupational element. At present, there is no clearcut model for counting the occupational element. The International Conferences of Labour Statisticians have contributed greatly to the development of statistics on employment injuries. Such statistics are a by-product of the provision of compensation to workers with occupational injuries and diseases. Statistics which are a by-product of investigation into occupational injuries and diseases followed by intervention seem to have received much less attention. Comments are made on the present situation regarding national statistics on occupational injuries and pneumoconiosis. The statistical issues with respect to work-related diseases and sickness absence are also examined and discussed. PMID- 3232409 TI - Distribution and control of some genetic disorders. AB - The health burden of genetic disorders varies between ethnic groups within the same country or between countries to a large extent because of genotypic differences at the population level. Genetic services should recognize this variability in need and be developed within the traditional context of medical care. All practical approaches require a sound epidemiological basis and underline the importance of early diagnosis for both prevention and treatment. Effective control is now possible for some Mendelian conditions and some congenital malformations and should be incorporated into general health care. The development of genetic services within any country depends on the optimal utilization of available resources, both financial and intellectual. PMID- 3232410 TI - [Trends in and effects of smoking in the world]. AB - Smoking is undoubtedly a major cause of illness and premature death. It is responsible for as much as 90% of all cases of lung cancer, 75% of chronic bronchitis and emphysema and 25% of cases of ischaemic heart disease in men under 65 years, as well as for a number of other types of cancer, pregnancy complications and more frequent respiratory ailments in children from smoking families. In South-East Asia, tobacco chewing is estimated to cause about 90% of the deaths due to oral cancer. Worldwide, cigarette consumption per adult has increased only very slightly, by 7.1%, between 1970 and 1985. It fell in many industrial countries, e.g. by 9% in the United States of America and Canada, 6% in Australia and New Zealand, and by as much as 25% in the United Kingdom. On the contrary, in many developing countries adult per capita cigarette consumption has increased markedly, e.g. by 42% in Africa, 24% in Latin America and 22% in Asia. In many industrialized countries, the percentage of smokers has started to fall in recent years. For instance, in the United Kingdom, the percentage of male smokers fell from 65% to 45% and that of female smokers from 45% to 34%. In the United States, male prevalence decreased from 54% to 29% and female prevalence from 36% to 24%. In Norway, male smoking prevalence decreased from 53% to 42%, in Australia from 72% to 33% and in Canada from 44% to 35%. On the contrary, in developing countries prevalence of smoking is frequently higher than in the affluent countries. In Tunisia, for instance, 60% of the men smoke. Smoking related diseases account for 7% of all deaths in Chile and Ecuador and 24% in Venezuela, 30% in Cuba, 10% in France, 17% in Canada, 15-20% in the United Kingdom, and up to 35% among white South-Africans. It has been calculated that 600,000 new cases of lung cancer occur worldwide every year, most of them due to smoking. Projections show that by the year 2000 the yearly number of new lung cancer cases worldwide may be as high as 2 million. 500,000 deaths are attributable to smoking in Europe, at least 630,000 in India, 10,000 in South Africa, 23,000 in Australia, 30,000 in Canada, 19,000 in Venezuela and about 400,000 in the United States in 1980. The hypermorbidity of smokers causes an extra need for medical care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3232411 TI - The role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. AB - More and more people are turning to exercise as a means of achieving long-term health. The World Health Organization has endorsed this concept. The best available evidence suggests that an employee fitness programme will result in decreased health-care costs, decreased absenteeism and increased productivity for the employer. Regular physical activity is also associated with lower mortality rates. Appropriate physical activity may be a valuable tool in therapeutic regimens for the control and amelioration (rehabilitation) of cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, hypertension, congenital heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disorders, end-stage renal disease, stress, anxiety and depression, etc. Regular physical activity, independent of other factors, reduces the probability of coronary artery disease and early death. Patients with risk factors for coronary artery disease need more intensive preexercise evaluation than those not a risk, and those with known or suspected cardiovascular disease need the most intensive evaluation and follow-up. Participation in vigorous sports activities, such as jogging, swimming, tennis, etc., helps to protect against the development of hypertension, even when other predisposing factors are present. Several studies have been conducted on the use of exercise in the treatment of hypertension. Physical exercise also contributes to the control of body weight. Consideration of the metabolic abnormalities in patients with type II (adult onset) diabetes indicates that they would make excellent candidates for an exercise programme. Osteoporosis is an important health problem for the elderly. The best treatment available at present is prevention, and a high level of physical activity throughout life can result in a larger skeletal mass during old age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3232412 TI - The global prevalence of obesity--an initial overview of available data. AB - Methods of measuring obesity are briefly reviewed. The more precise methods of measuring the body-fat mass are too complex and expensive for use in regular public health practice or individual screening. Anthropometry can, however, provide useful information. Two anthropometric indicators of obesity or overweight are recommended for classifying obesity. For adults, the body-mass index is reasonably easy to obtain and correlates well with mortality and morbidity risk. For children, "overweight" is indicated by a weight-for-height above the median NCHS value plus two standard deviations. Data compiled by the WHO Nutrition Unit, using these two indicators, are presented for a number of countries worldwide in Table 1 & Fig. 1. PMID- 3232413 TI - The global impact of noncommunicable diseases: estimates and projections. AB - With the aging of populations in developing countries there is both a demographic and an epidemiological transition which affects the impact of chronic degenerative diseases on the health status of the populations. Demographic transition takes place in countries where there are effective programmes of disease control which allow for survival during the early years of childhood and adolescence. This results in an increase in life expectancy which places larger proportions of the population in the age range (60 years and older) in which chronic degenerative diseases become the major determinants of health status. Epidemiological transition in diseases may also be brought about by shifts in social and economic patterns which favour detrimental changes in risk factors for the chronic degenerative diseases. Such changes may include health-related behaviour which augments dietary consumption of fats and alcohol, increases obesity, increases smoking and decreases physical activity. Such changes in risk factor levels increase the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases which manifest themselves at later ages, and for which early preventive actions could be cost-effective. In order to illustrate the impact of both demographic and risk factor effects, analyses are made of the impact of increases in life expectancy on cause-specific mortality in both developing and developed countries. It is shown that there is great similarity in the effect of major noncommunicable diseases on the life expectancy of adults in both developed and developing countries. The major differences are seen to be in the proportions of deaths expected from such diseases as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, stroke and cirrhosis; but not in the distribution of age at death which is the better measure of disease impact. Demographic analyses, computing indirect estimates of mortality, also demonstrate that there are currently more chronic disease deaths in developing than developed countries and that as expectation of life increases in developing countries the global chronic disease burden will be greatly concentrated in the developing countries. Analyses of risk-factor reduction by feasible intervention strategies, e.g. smoking cessation campaigns, treatment of high blood pressure, using relationships between risk factors and diseases established in longitudinal studies carried out in developed countries, point out that the effect of risk-factor control in long-living populations can be hidden by the dependency of risk factors and various related causes of death, e.g. smoking has an impact on lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease and emphysema, but at different ages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3232414 TI - Integrated programme for noncommunicable diseases prevention and control (NCD). AB - In spite of the difference between developed and developing countries, health conditions change in a predictable pattern: the mortality and morbidity rates caused by infectious diseases decline while the rates related to non-infectious pathology increase. Taking into account the increasing importance of noncommunicable diseases, the majority of countries are developing a set of disease-oriented (cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc.) prevention and control programmes as well as factor-oriented programmes such as anti-smoking, alcohol abuse and nutrition. The Integrated Programme for Community Health in Noncommunicable Diseases, which is being developed both in WHO headquarters and in the Regional Offices, aims to amalgamate into one programme activities directed at influencing a group of risk factors common to several of the most important noncommunicable diseases. The four main directions being developed for the realization of this programme are: experimental testing, mathematical modelling, training activity and research development: At present WHO headquarters: has established 18 demonstration projects in 15 countries for experimental testing of different intervention programmes; is collecting mathematical models for prediction of efficacy and effectiveness of different alternatives and scenarios; is developing different types of training courses; is investigating the competing risk among noncommunicable diseases and time lag for different intervention programmes, etc. In order to develop all these directions many collaborating centres are participating, and close cooperation with some nongovernmental organizations has been established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3232415 TI - Alterations in the intestinal microvillous surface area during the whole life span of the female rat ileum. AB - The present EM morphometric analysis is a continuation of a series of studies in which the changes of the microvillous surface area of the small intestine was investigated in the course of the entire life span of the female rat. It was concluded from the present data that the alterations of the ileal microvillous surface area are more balanced in the young, pregnant, lactating, adult, old and senile animals than that was observed in the case of the duodenum and jejunum. Positive correlations were found between the parameters height and surface area and, density and surface area measures of the microvilli. Microvillous width and density revealed an inverse relationship mainly in the case of the young and adult animals. PMID- 3232416 TI - [The elderly and aging depressed patient]. AB - Using an one-year-analysis depressive people beyond the age of 60 are analysed during a catamnesis-project considering clinical dates (under psychopathological, psychosocial and therapeutical emphasis) in which have directions for a change of the proportion of sick people to healthy people and the change of the shape of age-depressive syndromes deduced. PMID- 3232417 TI - [Differential therapeutic aspects of pneumonia in the aged]. AB - Pneumonia in old age often leads to death even under hospital conditions. This results in the necessity of an early and effective therapy. In a retrospective analysis differential-therapeutic aspects showed that the disease can be influenced by means of pharmacotherapy in different ways. The results indicate that penicillin and semi-synthetic derivatives are more efficacious than chloramphenicol and sulphonamides. Further specific studies of the efficacy of the drugs to be applied for older patients should be intended. PMID- 3232418 TI - [The peculiarities of the orthostasis reaction in advanced age]. AB - The hemodynamic response to postural stress (75 degrees foot-down tilt) was observed in 14 elderly normotensives (age range 61-92 years) and 15 younger controls (20-30 years). Both the immediate heart-rate response and the increase of the diastolic blood pressure was reduced in elderly individuals, although they didn't suffer from postural hypotension. The suppression of heart-rate oscillation after tilting could be a possible sign of aging alterations. It is concluded, that drug-dependent "normal" blood pressure levels in elderly patient decrease the orthostatic tolerance if the baroreflex is impaired. PMID- 3232419 TI - Pituitary thyrotroph hypofunction in aged euthyroid subjects as assayed by the administration of iopanoic acid. AB - Iopanoic acid, an iodine containing contrast medium was administered orally to healthy subjects aged 20-40 years (n = 9) and 70-90 years (n = 10) and also to sick aged persons (aged 70-90 years, n = 10). Thyroid hormones: T4, T3, rT3, T3 uptake and thyrotropin (TSH) serum levels were estimated before and three and seven days after iopanoic acid. No significant TSH increase could be seen in the old-age groups: the T4 increases were similar in all three groups as well as the slight T3 decreases; the serum rT3 increase was significantly greater in the aged healthy and the sick subjects. The data suggests that in aged humans serum T4 elevation after iopanoic acid is a result of delayed thyroxine metabolism and not secondary to TSH release. Iopanoic acid administration is, aside from the TRH test, another model to demonstrate in geriatric patients thyrotroph hypofunction via the altered effect of inhibition of T4 deiodination on TSH release. PMID- 3232421 TI - [Treatment of a severe asthma attack with a continuous fenoterol infusion (Partusisten)]. PMID- 3232420 TI - [Multiple squamous cell cancer as a late effect following arsenic treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 3232422 TI - [Responsibility of the physician for carrying out injections]. PMID- 3232423 TI - [Revised WHO case definition for AIDS]. PMID- 3232424 TI - [Technic in conflict with humanity in medical care?]. PMID- 3232425 TI - [Health counseling as a medical responsibility]. PMID- 3232426 TI - [Risk of infection in premature infants with premature rupture of fetal membranes in correlation to respiratory distress syndrome]. AB - The spectrum of infective agents in 58 preterm deliveries with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is examinated by assessment of bacteriological swabs. In the earliest weeks of gestation all children had severe RDS. Nearly 40% of the detected pathogens belonged to the non pathogenic vaginal flora. E. coli, Streptococcus species, Klebsiella and Candida were predominant in the group of facultative pathogenic infective agents. There is an enlarged colonization in maternal swabs after greater than 24 h. In nearly 80% of the children with severe RDS pathogens could be detected. Ascending infection is followed more often by severe RDS. In case of premature labor refractory to tocolytic therapy or slight vaginal bleeding, cervical swabs should be taken. Pathological findings must be treated by local antiseptic agents or antibiotic therapy. If there are any signs of intrauterine infection the pregnancy must be terminated to avert damage from the newborn. PMID- 3232428 TI - [The effect of beta-stimulation and beta-1-blockade on the motility of the upper urinary tract]. AB - 18 patients with severe congestion of the urinary tract in pregnancy were treated by implantation of ureteral catheters for intermittend exoneration. Before and during the infusion of 2 micrograms/min Fenoterol the basal tone, the frequency and amplitude of the contractions of the renal pelvis were measured after retrograde filling with increasing volumes. 45 min after the i.v. application of 10 mg Metoprolol the measurements were repeated under the same conditions. During the infusion of Fenoterol there was a significant decrease of the frequency and amplitude of the contractions of the renal pelvis. Whereas at low retrograde filling volumes the basal tone in the renal pelvis decreased, at higher filling volumes - because of the concomittant deteriation of the urine transport capacity - an increase of the basal tone could be found. The relaxant effects of the beta stimulation on the upper urinary tract could be diminished by the application of the beta-1-blocker Metoprolol; a complete compensation however was not possible. PMID- 3232427 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis and management of fetal arrhythmias]. AB - Reported in this paper are 25 cases of fetal arrhythmia handled at the Gynaecological Department of the Berlin School of Medicine (Charite) over a period of two years. They were subdivided by tachycardiac, bradycardiac, and simple forms, following ultrasound-assisted diagnosis (realtime, M-Mode, Doppler). This proved to be useful for better prenatal management and prognosis. The first and second forms were linked to higher rates of malformations or contributory and recordable causes, whereas the third form could be considered harmless, the more as spontaneous postnatal regression was to be expected. Successful experience is reported, as obtained from prenatal therapy either via the mother or by direct invasive treatment to the child (thigh, umbilical vein). Early referral to an adequately staffed and equipped centre and exclusion of cardiac defects are conditions for good success. Intrauterine deaths occurred in two cases due to cardiac malformations, and non-immunological fetal hydrops was established in four cases. Optimal management of the inhomogenous group of fetal arrhythmias should be undertaken in interdisciplinary teamwork at centres with experience in perinatal medicine. PMID- 3232429 TI - [Aplasia cutis congenita]. AB - Aplasia cutis congenita is a rare disease with circumscribed absence of the dermis and the subcutis. Genetic constitution is a predisposing factor; the disease has a variable expressivity. The lesions show spontaneous healing after several months; corrective surgery is seldom indicated. The prognosis is good. PMID- 3232430 TI - Biomedical research funding. PMID- 3232431 TI - [Interstitial lung diseases of the interstitial-proliferative type]. AB - The term of "chronic interstitial pneumonia" had been more accurately redefined by Liebow and, subsequently, by Otto and had been subdivided by different pathomorphological phenomena. The interstitial-proliferative type is of particular interest, in this context. Reported in this paper is the bioptic histopathological pattern of 15 patients with interstitial lung disease of the interstitial-proliferative type, with these findings being correlated to clinical symptoms. A distinction is made between an independent form in its own right and a histologically identical interstitial phenomenon accompanying other pulmonary diseases, primarily in concomitance with lung cancer, and recordable also from postmortem investigations. Interstitial-proliferative inflammations are adequately controllable by antibiotics. PMID- 3232432 TI - [The importance of atypical adenoma of the thyroid gland]. AB - Histological appraisals were made of 8,741 specimens of removed thyroid glands at the Pathologico-Bacteriological Institute of Kaiserin Elisabeth Spital, between 1978 and 1987. Included, according to classification, were 234 atypical adenomas, 47 encapsulated follicular carcinomas, and 158 invasive follicular carcinomas. Atypical adenoma was found to differ histologically from encapsulated follicular carcinoma by non-detectability of vascular invasions. The age distribution of the patients involved failed to provide any conclusive clue to the effect that atypical adenoma was a precursor of encapsulated follicular carcinoma. Females were more often affected than males with atypical adenoma. No recurrence, metastasation nor complaints are recordable at present from any of the surviving patients with atypical adenoma. Patients who died did not reveal any sign indicative of a thyroid disease as cause of death. The five-year survival rate has been 95 per cent for encapsulated follicular carcinoma. Diagnosis of atypical adenoma is not merely a qualitative problem but a quantitative problem as well. Atypical adenoma of the thyroid gland should be classified as a neoplasia in its own right and as absolutely benign. PMID- 3232433 TI - [Uhl's anomaly of the heart]. AB - Partial aplasia of the myocardium of the anterior wall of the right ventricle (Uhl's disease) of a 63-year old male is reported. The pathogenesis of Uhl's disease is discussed. PMID- 3232434 TI - [Mature cystic teratoma of the uterus]. AB - An account is given of the authors own findings from a mature cystic teratoma in the uterus of a woman aged 33 years. Reference is made to analogous cases reported in earlier literature as well as to the two theories at present on teratoma genesis. PMID- 3232435 TI - [40 years biliary surgery at the surgical clinic of the Charite]. AB - Evaluation of 4,374 bile operations performed between 1945 and 1984 revealed drop in lethality from 4.0 to 0.8 per cent. The average age distribution of patients who had undergone surgery from 1945 to 1954 was identical with that for the period between 1975 and 1984. Case histories were probably shortened owing to earlier diagnosis. The rate of choledochotomy dropped from 11.5 per cent (1945 to 1954) to 7.9 per cent (1975 to 1984). The rates of choledochotomy and surgical papillotomy declined, ever since endoscopic papillotomy had been introduced more than ten years ago. Endoscopic lithotripsy and shock-wave lithotripsy are new approaches to cholelithotherapy. PMID- 3232436 TI - [Surgical therapy of parenchymatous liver cysts]. AB - An account is given of therapeutic approaches to 70 cases of non-parasitic cystic, parenchymatous liver diseases handled at the Surgical Department of Charite (Berlin), with reference being made also to indications for surgery, surgical techniques used, and therapeutic results. Twenty-six of 41 patients with solitary liver cysts, some of them with ventriculation, received surgical treatment. Extirpation of cysts and removal of cystic walls were the preferred therapeutic approaches to avoid recurrence. Postoperative complications were not recorded. Conservative therapy is preferred in the majority of cases of liver cysts, often combined with cystic alterations to kidneys and rarely associated with pancreatic lesions. The largest cysts were removed from eight of 29 patients to improve their quality of life. Subjectively perceived improvement of usually compression-related symptoms is paralleled by protracted clinical courses with temporary development of liver insufficiency. None of the patients, operated on and conservatively treated, died in the course of follow-up care. PMID- 3232437 TI - [Quality control as the principle of quality assurance in surgical treatment, exemplified by biliary surgery]. AB - Reference is made in this paper to a possibility of quality checking in surgery. Methods and usefulness of quality assurance are expounded on the basis of results obtained from a one-year study into three surgical centres. PMID- 3232438 TI - [Results of functional scintigraphic studies of the hepatobiliary system following reconstruction of bile duct injuries with ring drainage splinting]. AB - Functional-scintigraphic examinations were conducted to establish liver functionality and kinetics of extrahepatic bile flow, using 99mTc-Rotop-Ehida, in 25 patients with bilio-biliary or bilio-digestive anastomosis calibrated by ring drainage. Checks were made with indwelling drainage in place or after its removal. Liver damage was detectable in 80 per cent of all probands. The method based on nuclear medicine has proved to be more suitable for quantitative functionality assessment than clinical examinations and enzyme activity tests. With ring drainage in place, it may provide useful information complementary to X ray presentation of bile duct conditions. After removal of ring drainage, it should be preferred to invasive methods of examination. PMID- 3232439 TI - [Fine needle biopsy of the pancreas with computerized tomography control]. AB - The results of 96 computed tomography guided percutaneous pancreatic aspiration biopsies were reviewed and compared with the findings at laparotomy or autopsy or with a follow-up of at least one year. In only four instances the follow-up was inadequate and in 29 cases the specimen did not allow a cytologic or histologic diagnosis. Of the remaining 67 biopsies 65 were diagnosed correctly and only 2 incorrectly. This corresponds to a sensitivity of 67.7% and a specificity of 97%. In patients with primary pancreatic cancer the figures for sensitivity or specificity are 76.8% and 97.3% respectively. We did not observe any serious complications. Only one patient had a transient rise of the serum amylase. We believe that the percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the pancreas guided by computed tomography is a safe and effective method in the histologic and cytologic diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. PMID- 3232440 TI - [Surgical therapy of acute pancreatitis]. AB - Treatment was applied to 181 patients for acute pancreatitis at the Surgical Department of Friedrichshain Local Hospital, between December 1, 1985 and October 30, 1987. Ninety-two of these patients were in Stage I according to Kummerle Hollender, 62 in Stage II, and 27 in Stage III. Operations were performed on 57 patients, among them three in Stage I, 27 in Stage II, and another 27 in Stage III. Peritoneal lavage was the initial approach taken to patients in whom ascites had been positively established. Decision-making on surgical therapy depended on the further clinical course as well as on CT and sonographic determination of organ-specific alterations, with surgery being considered most optional for Stage III. Efforts then would be made to remove all necrotic material, with the transverse laparotomy wound logically remaining unclosed. The peritoneal cavity can thus be revised once in two or three days. These therapeutic results, primarily in Stage III, are considered by the authors as a good success of insistence on early radical therapeutic surgery without closure of the laparotomy wound, that is peritoneostoma with stagewise lavage. PMID- 3232441 TI - [Use of surgical staplers in gastrointestinal surgery]. AB - Reported in this paper is the use of staplers in gastro-intestinal surgery. Three soviet-made types of staplers, UO 40/60, NShKA, and SPTU (comparable to TA 30/55/90, GIA, and EEA) were used on the upper part of the gastro-intestinal tract in 237 cases and in colorectal surgery on 66 patients. The UO stapler worked well, when used for closure of uncomplicated duodenal stumps, though no absolute indication can be claimed for such application. The SPTU type, on the other hand, proved to be an ideal solution in cases of oesophago-jejunostomy with intrathoracic localisation of the anastomosis. Another, nearly absolute indication for the use of the SPTU can be claimed for anterior rectum resection (especially in male patients) with narrow pelvis and tense pelvic floor. PMID- 3232442 TI - [Psychopathology of the schizophrenic defect (creation of an integrated model of negative changes)]. AB - An integrative model of schizophrenic defect is offered. The model presumes the negative changes to extend over all the levels of psychic activity, though in uneven manner, rather than be confined to a distinct sphere. In 200 schizophrenic patients the defect had a complicated structure integrating the negative changes of schizoid and pseudoorganic types. Extreme variants of integration of schizoid and pseudoorganic changes can be regarded as two distinct defect types with prevailing personality deformations (combination of verschroben-type changes with personality level decreasing) and the fall in psychic activiity (combination of pseudobradyphrenia with schizoid deficit-type changes). PMID- 3232443 TI - [Enzyme activity and glycogen level of leukocytes of patients with schizophrenia in relation to the nature of depressive states]. AB - In schizophrenic depressive patients the cytochemical investigation of blood leukocytes revealed the decreased glycogen content as compared with healthy subjects. The activity of some oxidation-reduction and carbohydrate-energy metabolism enzymes was also changed. These cytochemical indices were close to normal levels in patients with circular depression pattern at the pronounced remission stage. These indices can be used in laboratory tests assessing the degree of psychic deterioration. PMID- 3232444 TI - [Psychological study of maternal attitudes towards children with cerebral palsy]. AB - Psychologic study of maternal attitude in 62 mothers of infantile cerebral paralysis patients has revealed that mother's cognitive and emotional spheres were changing as a child grew older. Maternal attitude of women having little children was acceptance because the notions of the defect and the disease sequelae were incomplete and emotional experience had a defensive nature. With the notions of the deficit and disease aftereffects being objective at pre-school age of a child, the maternal attitude shifted to unacceptance. Spontaneous maternal attitude, be it acceptance of a protective nature or rejection, promotes inadequate personality development and requires psychological correction. The forming of an optimal parental position should involve increased competence, corrected parental expectations and demands. PMID- 3232445 TI - [Neurologic syndromes in craniovertebral dysplasias]. AB - Sixty-two craniovertebral dysplasy patients could be divided into three groups with respect to neurologic syndromes displaying disorders at different levels in a neurologic and X-rays investigation. The authors stress the diagnostic importance of a purposeful X-ray investigation of craniovertebral area in cases of neurologic symptoms and external signs of dysplasy, and the value of timely diagnosis for prevention of neurologic complications. PMID- 3232446 TI - [Various indicators of the lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes in healthy persons and in chronic alcoholics in the northeastern part of the USSR]. AB - Some indices of red blood cell membranes lipid composition were studied in normal subjects and alcohol abusers inhabitants of the North-East of the USSR. Increased lipid peroxidation in newcomers was explained by a greater unsaturation level of membrane fatty acids and exhausted lipid antioxidants. Decreased peroxidation in subjects inhabiting the region for over 15 years, native-borns and chronic alcohol abusers could be accounted for by an increase in membrane cholesterol content. The data suggest that lipid peroxidation is a common mechanism of these events. PMID- 3232447 TI - [Neurologic manifestations of nonspecific aorto-arteritis of the branches of the aortic arch]. AB - The authors have analyzed the results of clinico-angiographic examination of 123 patients with nonspecific aorto-arteritis of the branches of the aortic arch. It has been shown that occlusive damage is most frequently localized in the subclavicular arteries: more than half the patients presented damage to proximal segments of the carotid arteries. Involvement of distal segments of the carotid arteries is a very rare finding in this disease. In one-third of the patients the disease was combined with damage to the renal arteries. Most characteristic for nonspecific aorto-arteritis of the branches of the aortic arch is the brachiocerebral syndrome. A five-year follow-up revealed a progressive nature of cerebrovascular insufficiency. A correlation was established between the severity of neurologic manifestations and extension of the occlusive lesion. It was also noted that similar damage to the vessels may lead to most diverse variants of clinical manifestations. PMID- 3232448 TI - [Characteristics of various indicators of the rheological properties of the blood in patients with initial manifestations of cerebrovascular insufficiency and ischemic stroke]. AB - The rheological properties of the blood and aggregation of erythrocytes and platelets were studied in 30 apparently healthy subjects and in 220 patients with impaired blood supply to the brain. The results have confirmed a high informative value of the complex of parameters of rotational viscosimetry: the limit of blood fluidity, apparent blood viscosity, caisson viscosity of the blood, and the coefficient of erythrocyte cohesion (A) and of the parameters of aggregation of the formed elements of the blood, this complex allowing an objective differentiation between microcirculatory peculiarities in patients with initial manifestations of cerebral blood supply insufficiency (IMCBSI) versus patients with ischemic stroke (IS). It has been elucidated for the first time that patients with IMCBSI secondary to atherosclerosis have a low A parameter confirming optimization of the microcirculation following elevation of the hematocrit. The alterations in the rheological properties of the blood were the greatest in patients with IS within the first three days after the onset of the disease. Elevated cohesion of erythrocytes persisted for one month after the onset of IS. It has been proved that repeated examinations are necessary for the individual and adequate correction of the blood rheology. PMID- 3232449 TI - [Correlation of chronic idiopathic headache and decreased monoamine/oxidase activity of thrombocytes]. AB - A total of 19 males with chronic idiopathic headache referred to in the literature as tension headache were examined. A secondary nature of headache was completely ruled out by additional studies. The activity of platelet monoamine oxidase was depressed to 14.33 +/- 1.17 n mol/mg of protein/h as compared with 28.1 +/- 2.38 n mol/mg of protein/h in the control group. The role of diminished activity of the enzyme in the genesis of headaches is considered. PMID- 3232450 TI - [Recurrent hemorrhage in rupture of intracranial arterial aneurysms in the acute period]. AB - An analysis of the course of the acute period of subarachnoidal hemorrhages has shown that in 26.5% of cases there were repeated hemorrhages, the mortality rate of such patients being 69.3%. The prognostic system based on the construction of a linear discriminant function makes it possible to predict the possibility of repeated hemorrhage or its absence with a 76.3% accuracy. Prediction of repeated hemorrhages from the arterial aneurysms may contribute to the correct selection of the scheme of treatment, including urgent surgical intervention. PMID- 3232451 TI - [Qualitative changes in cerebrospinal fluid albumin in cerebral stroke]. AB - Isoelectrical focusing in borate-polyol systems has been used in studies on physico-chemical properties of albumin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with cerebral stroke. The acute stage of stroke was characterized by an increase in alkaline fractions of CSF albumin with the isoelectrical point (pI) of 5.27-7.4. There is correlation between the levels of alkaline fractions with pI 5.2-7.4 and the severity of patients' status. The method does not help differentiate the nature of stroke but is of a definite prognostic value and characterizes the depth of pathomorphological brain alterations. PMID- 3232452 TI - [Effect of calcium antagonists of the verapamil type on regional cerebral blood flow and bioelectric activity of the brain in patients with cerebral infarction]. AB - The authors have studied the regional volume cerebral blood flow (RVCBF) in 25 patients with acute cerebral infarction before and after the intravenous administration of 5-7.5 mg of isoptin and carried out quantitative frequency analysis of the EEG in 20 patients prior to and following the administration of 5 mg of finoptin. It has been revealed that isoptin augments the RVCBF in the infarcted zone, particularly when patients with extensive infarction, edema and atrophy of the cerebral tissue (according to findings of computer-aided tomography) have low baseline levels of the RVCF and somewhat decreases the blood flow in intact zones. The administration of finoptin tended to normalize the EEG, particularly in the infarcted area in patients with a severe clinical picture of infarction. Calcium antagonists of the verapamil type exert a favourable effect on perfusion and bioelectrical activity of the brain; as a result their use is indicated in the patients with acute cerebral infarction. PMID- 3232453 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke]. AB - Biochemical parameters (the gaseous composition and acid-base balance of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were investigated in patients with ischemic stroke in the process of hyperbaric oxygenation treatment. A characteristic peculiarity observed was the presence of compensated metabolic acidosis in the CSF which was most expressed in patients with an extensive focus of cerebral infarction. A characteristic change in the venous blood of the brain was the presence of compensated metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis of the cerebral venous blood in patients treated with hyperbaric oxygenation significantly diminished as compared with the control group. PMID- 3232454 TI - [Value of electromyographic examination in elaborating the program of rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders in the recovery period after ischemic stroke]. AB - A total of 65 patients at the productive age and with a history of ischemic stroke were examined. Comprehensive clinical and electromyographic studies revealed mild and moderate motor disturbances and determined criteria of the prognosis of motor function recovery. Follow-up findings confirmed the validity of these prognostic criteria. PMID- 3232455 TI - [A method of electromyographic feedback in post-stroke movement disorders]. AB - The authors have investigated the efficacy of training with the help of the method of electromyographic feedback (EMGFB) in 38 patients with post-stroke hemiparesis and the relationships of the training efficacy with the clinical picture of motor disturbances and the status of higher psychic functions. It as been ascertained that the effect of training does not depend on the initial degree of paresis of the trained muscles. Correlation has been established between the capacity of overcoming synergic reactions and concentration of attention, and also the level of working ability. Possible mechanisms of training with the help of EMGFB are discussed. PMID- 3232456 TI - [Epidemiology of stroke in the Ukrainian and Slovak Carpathian Mountains]. AB - Different aspects of epidemiology of stroke were studied in residents of 2 adjacent geographic zones: USSR and Eastern Slovak Carpathian. A total of 385 cerebral stroke patients were studied in the USSR and 345 in Eastern Slovakia. Risk factors were determined. Cerebral serial angiography revealed that carotid and subclavian arteries pathology are major causes of stroke. PMID- 3232457 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of brain tumors]. AB - In 27 patients brain tumors were misdiagnosed for several years. Most mistakes were due to the incomplete analysis of the patients' complaints, anamnesis and peculiarities of the disease development. Most difficult were identifying the leading neurologic deficit, detecting the adjacent and remote signs. Using full sequence of both simple and sophisticated diagnostic techniques (PET, angiography, CT etc.) one can sharply reduce the incidence of diagnostic errors. PMID- 3232458 TI - [Dynamics of neurologic and mental development of children born by cesarean section]. AB - One hundred and fifty children delivered with cesarean section were investigated on four occasions over 5 years. In infancy the neurologic signs were detected which were caused by perinatal CNS damage. The signs occurrence increased over the first months and then leveled out. At this point the psychoneurologic disorders emerge and enhance under adverse environmental impacts. The dispensary follow-up is necessary for such patients. PMID- 3232459 TI - [Fahr's syndrome]. AB - A rare syndrome is described. Combined investigation, including CT, yielded in a patient a typical clinical picture of nonatherosclerotic brain vessel calcification, especially within basal ganglia, parkinsonism, psychoemotional disorders, motor paroxysms. The syndrome etiology is discussed. Hypoparathyroidism with blood Ca metabolism and hereditary causes seem plausible. Differential diagnosis and treatment are described. PMID- 3232460 TI - [Clinical characteristics of unipolar depressive psychosis]. AB - Clinico-catamnestic investigation was performed in 100 patients with endogenous affective psychosis with phasic depression. Two variants of the unipolar depression were identified characteristically differing in major clinical and pathogenic parameters. This fact allowed regarding unipolar depression as a distinct pathogenic entity. A series of its clinical traits (premanifest period features, clinical type and course of the manifest depression) can be used for prognosing further development of the disease. PMID- 3232462 TI - [Suicidal tendencies in endogenous and organic depression in elderly patients]. AB - Fifty patients with endogenous and age-related organic psychoses (10 with schizophrenia, 6 with maniac-depressive psychosis, 11 with involution psychoses, 18 with cerebral atherosclerosis, 5 with senile dementia) were under this investigation. Characteristic of these were distinct depressions with suicidal tendencies. Clinical features of depression and suicidal manifestations were closely linked to age-related influences. Irrespective of nosology, depressive constructs simplified in aging with melancholic-dysphoric affect getting more and more pronounced. Distinct hypochondriac and relation delusions evolved and the feeling of solitude increased. Suicidal intentions became simple and primitively stereotyped, suicidal preparedness fell and suicidal attempts acquired increasingly impulsive nature. Severity and acuity of depressive experiences and suicidal attempts did not enhance with age. PMID- 3232461 TI - [Effectiveness of the treatment of endogenous subdepressive conditions in polyclinical geriatric-psychiatry practice]. AB - Seventy-six patients with endogenous subdepression were observed and treated by a regional out-patient gerontopsychiatric unit. Roughly a half of those seeing the doctor had subdepression. General principles of therapy are designed for endogenous subdepression in senile patients. The data suggest their efficient treatment with antidepressants and tranquilizers depending on syndromal or nosologic origin of the depression. PMID- 3232463 TI - [Development of subsensitivity to imipramine in the system of reverse serotonin uptake by thrombocytes in patients with endogenous depression]. AB - The inhibitory effect of imipramine (IC50) on [3H]serotonin uptake and its kinetic parameter (V400) were measured in platelets of 9 patients with unipolar and 6 with bipolar affective disorder. The IC50 and V400 values in depressed patients were significantly higher (p less than 0.002) than these found in the control group. Treatment with antidepressants significantly decreased the IC50 values. The results support the hypothesis postulating that depression is related to a decreased modulatory capacity of imipramine binding sites and that the clinical effectiveness of these drugs is associated with the said modulatory capacity. PMID- 3232464 TI - Proteolysis of spectrin by trypsin and pronase in the presence of phospholipid suspensions. AB - The effect of phospholipid suspensions on the proteolysis of isolated spectrin was examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Proteolysis of spectrin in the membranes by trypsin and pronase was also studied. It was found that electrophoretic patterns of spectrin fragments were influenced by the presence of the suspension prepared from phosphatidylethanolamine:phosphatidylserine (60:40) mixture and of phosphatidylcholine. Qualitative changes in the proteolytic patterns obtained after proteolysis of spectrin by pronase in the presence of phosphatidylcholine suspension were observed. The changes in the sensitivity of spectrin towards proteases result probably from changes in the accessibility of some peptide bonds upon the interaction of this extrinsic protein with phospholipids. PMID- 3232465 TI - Purification and some properties of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from carp muscle. AB - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was purified from carp white muscle. On CM-Sephadex chromatography two well separated active peaks were obtained. Both of them show a single protein band on gel electrophoresis and have the same molecular and kinetic properties; they differ only by the amount of bound NAD, the enzyme in the second peak being coenzyme-free. Significant differences were observed between the properties of carp and pig muscle enzymes. Glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase from carp is more resistant to heat and proteolytic inactivation. Moreover NAD does not protect it against inactivation. Only one sulphydryl group per subunit is able to react with 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoate), irrespective of the kind of the buffer. The structure of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from white muscle of carp seems to be more compact and therefore more inaccessible to some agents than that of the enzyme from pig muscle. PMID- 3232466 TI - Nuclear gene affecting mitochondrial protein synthesis. AB - A nuclear mutant is described which carries a mutation influencing mitochondrial protein synthesis. The mutation causes a diminishing of the visible band of subunit I of cytochrome oxidase, but does not influence the presence of cytochrome oxidase. The latter appears in the low temperature spectrum as a peak at 602 nm and moreover its quantity is nearly the same as in the wild type. PMID- 3232467 TI - Manual medicine. A description of some strategies. PMID- 3232469 TI - [Talalgia and enthesopathy of the ankle]. PMID- 3232468 TI - [A painful and acute disorder of the leg. Rupture of the tendon of the femoral biceps]. PMID- 3232470 TI - [Electromyographic evaluation in carpal tunnel syndrome: sensitive orthodromic stimulation]. PMID- 3232471 TI - [Spinal cord compression syndromes]. PMID- 3232472 TI - [Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in hemiplegia: objectivation and evaluation using scintigraphy]. PMID- 3232473 TI - [Early mortality following multiple trauma: a retrospective study]. AB - Early mortality after polytrauma: a retrospective study. The medical charts of all patients, who died in 1986 in the reanimation phase after an accident, were reviewed. Twenty-five patients (86%) were victim of a traffic accident, 2 of an accident at work and 2 of an accident at home. The average ISS of the 29 patients was 40.7. The patients, who received the first aid at the place of accident from an emergency doctor, had an average ISS of 44.2. The patients, who received the first aid from a team without doctor had an average ISS of 33.8. The first aid was given after an average time of 10 minutes. Ten patients were transported during the reanimation phase from the first hospital to our trauma center. Eighteen patients died due to a severe craniocerebral trauma, eight of them were transported secondarily. Six patients died due to hemorrhagic shock, only in two patients an emergency doctor was at the place of accident. Five patients died due to asphyxia after a thoracic trauma. This retrospective study clearly demonstrates that the first aid of a polytraumatized patient must be given at the place of accident by an emergency doctor, that a quick and direct transport to a regional trauma center is desirable, that a more aggressive shock therapy is necessary and that the first aid-team must be able to evacuate a tension pneumothorax at the preclinical scene. PMID- 3232475 TI - [Paraduodenal hernia: an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction]. AB - Paraduodenal hernia. The paraduodenal hernia is the most common type of intraabdominal hernia. There exists a right and left variety, both of them with their own specific pathogenesis. The clinical manifestations range from intermittent and mild digestive problems to acute intestinal obstruction. An exact preoperative diagnosis is seldom made. The knowledge of their pathogenesis and the anatomical characteristics is very important for a successful surgical treatment. PMID- 3232474 TI - [A case of post-mastectomy lymphangiosarcoma]. AB - Postmastectomy lymphedema and lymphangiosarcoma. A case of 73-year-old woman with postmastectomy lymphedema of the right arm and subsequent lymphangiosarcoma is reported. The diagnosis has been confirmed immunohistologically. The patient had to undergo an amputation of the arm. Presently this treatment offers the greatest chance for survival. PMID- 3232476 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix and pseudomyxoma peritonei. AB - Two cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix are reported. Both patients presented with a clinical picture resembling acute appendicitis. One case was complicated by a pseudomyxoma peritonei. The other patient additionally had several colonic adenomatous polyps and a malignant neoplasm of the ascending colon. Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is rare and only some 250 cases have been reported. It usually presents as acute appendicitis in the 6th or the 7th decade. Prognosis and histology closely resemble that of colonic adenocarcinoma. Resection of the ileocecal segment is the first choice treatment in all stages except Dukes A. In Dukes A appendectomy alone is sufficient treatment. After ileocecal resection the 5 year survival is better than after appendectomy alone for Dukes' stages B and C. Clinical presentation and treatment of the adenocarcinoma and a remarkable complication, the pseudomyxoma peritonei, will be discussed. PMID- 3232477 TI - Severity of postoperative hypophosphatemia in relation to glucose administration and renal handling of phosphate. AB - Major surgery is associated with fall in the concentration of inorganic phosphate in serum, as is intravenous infusion of glucose. Hypophosphatemia during different forms of postoperative dextrose administration was evaluated in patients who had undergone colorectal surgery. They were randomized to two groups. All patients received standardized intravenous fluids on the first 3 postoperative days, but one group had constant infusion of a solution containing glucose (4%), sodium (40 mmol/l) and potassium (20 mmol/l) throughout the observation period, while the other group had a 5-hour infusion of 10% glucose daily, with potassium and sodium solution in between. The amounts of administered glucose and electrolytes were the same in both groups. The serum phosphate levels were significantly lower in the group with constant glucose infusion, due to intergroup difference in renal handling of phosphate. Significantly less phosphate was reabsorbed in the proximal tubules when glucose was given as 24 hour infusion than in the group with 5-hour infusion. PMID- 3232478 TI - Influence of biosynthetic human growth hormone on biomechanical properties of rat skin incisional wounds. AB - The influence of biosynthetic human growth hormone (b-hGH) on the mechanical properties (maximum stress, 'relative failure energy', maximum stiffness, strain at maximum stress) of incisional wounds in rat skin was investigated after 4, 7 and 10 days of healing. Tests for each healing period comprised one group of rats given b-hGH (2.0 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) for 7 days before wounding and another group with treatment begun on the day of wounding. Control rats were given isotonic saline. After each healing period, standardized skin strips were cut out perpendicular to the wound, their dimensions measured and mechanical strength tested in a special machine. When 4-day healing was preceded by 7-day b hGH treatment, the values for maximum stress, relative failure energy and maximum stiffness were, respectively, 56%, 49% and 46% higher than in control wounds. No such difference was found when treatment started on the day of wounding. After 7 day and 10-day healing no difference in mechanical properties was found between the hormone-treated groups and the controls. PMID- 3232479 TI - Retroperitoneal sarcomas. An analysis of 32 cases. AB - Retroperitoneal sarcoma was treated in 32 patients in 1970-1986. The dominant initial symptom was pain (63%) and the most common clinical finding was a palpable mass (75%). Primary radical resection was possible in 16 cases, but the tumor recurred in 14 after 3-33 months. Repeated radical or palliative surgery was possible in most patients, with altogether 57 tumor resections in 23 patients. The postoperative mortality was 3.5%. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 28%, but when the primary resection was radical the figure rose to 46%. Periodic computed tomographic scanning and an aggressive surgical approach in recurrence of tumor can be expected to enhance the prognosis. PMID- 3232480 TI - The anatomic relationship between the long saphenous vein and the saphenous nerve. Relevance for radical varicose vein surgery. AB - Radical surgery for varicose veins often includes total stripping of the long saphenous vein. Some surgeons now claim, however, that stripping of the distal part of that vein can be avoided, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the saphenous nerve. Dissection of 60 cadaver legs to demonstrate the relationship between the long saphenous vein and the saphenous nerve indicated that stripping performed from the groin to immediately below the knee would minimize the risk of nerve damage. PMID- 3232481 TI - Cigarette smoking and the outcome after lower limb arterial surgery. AB - After reconstructive arterial surgery 190 patients with peripheral arterial disease of lower limbs (PAD) were followed up for three years in a prospective manner to assess the effects of smoking habits on the outcome. 173 patients (91%) were smokers at presentation. 48 patients reported to have given up smoking during the study. Exsmokers could not be included in the analysis, however, due to differences in the severity of PAD, age, sex ratio, type of operation and other risk factors. Current moderate (MS) (less than 15 cigarettes/day, N = 45) and heavy smokers (HS) (greater than or equal to 15, N = 80) were comparable groups. The three-year relative cumulative survival rates among male HS and MS were 0.40 and 0.65 (p less than 0.05), respectively. HS died mostly of cardiovascular causes. Major amputation was needed in 21% of HS compared to only 2% in MS (p less than 0.001). The present results show a strong association with heavy smoking, cardiovascular mortality and severe local adverse events. Thus, arterial thrombogenity appears to be enhanced by continued heavy smoking in patients with peripheral atherosclerosis. PMID- 3232482 TI - Effects of pentoxifylline and papaverine on tissue perfusion during arterial surgery. AB - This work was undertaken to investigate the effects of intraarterially administered pentoxifylline (100 mg) and papaverine (40 mg) on transcutaneous oxygen tension, calf muscle oxygen tension and skin red cell flux in ischemic limbs of patients undergoing aortofemoral reconstruction due to obstructive arteriosclerosis. The drugs were injected intraoperatively, one at a time, into the common femoral artery of the most affected side before and/or after the insertion of the prosthesis in altogether 10 patients. Both drugs appeared to have an augmenting effect on transcutaneous and muscle tissue oxygen tensions. The maximal response of these variables was usually higher after papaverine injection, but the duration of the effect was longer after pentoxifylline administration. Skin red cell flux underwent an immediate, short-term increase after each papaverine injection, but remained unchanged after pentoxifylline administration. PMID- 3232483 TI - Portal venous blood flow during and after cholecystectomy. AB - Eight patients scheduled for cholecystectomy were studied with the aim of defining the pattern of portal venous blood flow in the recovery phase after anaesthesia and abdominal surgery. The continuous thermodilution technique was used for measuring portal flow, via a thermodilution catheter placed in the portal vein after intraoperative umbilico-portal cannulation. Measurement of portal blood flow was begun during surgery and was repeated 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. The flow rate 48 hours after surgery was 977 +/- 182 ml.min-1 (mean +/- SEM), compared with 605 +/- 89 ml.min-1 (p less than 0.05) during cholecystectomy. No significant deviation from the mean intraoperative portal blood flow was found at any of the post-operative measuring points prior to 48 hours. The study's results confirmed the applicability of the thermodilution technique for measuring portal blood flow in awake patients after surgery. PMID- 3232484 TI - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and subsequent ulcer dyspepsia. A follow up study of medically and surgically treated patients. AB - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was treated in 324 cases in 1950-1966. At follow-up 19-35 years later, 296 of the patients could be traced, and 284 replied to a questionnaire concerning ulcer dyspepsia. Among the 80 patients who had been medically treated for pyloric stenosis, the prevalence of ulcer dyspepsia was 13.8%, and in the 204 surgically treated patients it was 9.3%. The difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 3232485 TI - Surgery for colorectal cancer in elderly patients. AB - In 545 consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery for colorectal cancer (370 colon and 175 rectum), mortality and morbidity were analysed in different age groups with special reference to patients over 80 years old. In that group, 33% had an emergency operation, compared with 18% below that age. Postoperative mortality after elective surgery ranged from 3 to 11% in the different age groups, but was not significantly related to age. In contrast, postoperative in-hospital mortality after emergency surgery was high (38%) among those older than 80 years, compared with 6% below 75 years and 24% between 76 and 80 years. Postoperative morbidity, i.e. infections and cardiovascular disease, increased with age, as did the length of hospital stay. Five-year survival, independent of age, was poorer after emergency surgery than after elective surgery. It is concluded that elective colorectal resection for cancer in elderly patients is a safe procedure. PMID- 3232486 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis in congenital lymphedema. Case report. AB - Severe necrotizing fasciitis of the left leg and the trunk is described in a patient with congenital lymphedema. About 20% of the subcutaneous tissue and fascia was involved, with rapidly spreading necrosis and secondary toxemia. Lymphedema has not previously been reported as a factor predisposing to necrotizing fasciitis. Treatment is discussed. PMID- 3232487 TI - Persistent sciatic artery. Case report. AB - In a man with ischemia of the right leg due to embolism of popliteal artery, arteriography following failure of embolectomy via the common femoral artery revealed the internal iliac artery continuing as an aneurysmally dilated sciatic artery distally to the popliteal artery. The aneurysm was ligated and bypass established from the common femoral to the popliteal artery. PMID- 3232488 TI - Subcutaneous abscesses and pulmonary infiltrate due to actinomyces infection. Case report. AB - Although Actinomyces israelii is part of the normal flora of the mouth, local trauma or poor dental hygiene may precipitate invasive infection. Hematogenous dissemination is rare. A case of pulmonary and subcutaneous actinomycosis is presented. The characteristic appearance of actinomycotic abscesses, and the importance of correct handling of tissue specimens and adequate information to the microbiologist are emphasized. PMID- 3232489 TI - Transanal resectoscopic excision of rectal adenoma. Case report. AB - In three cases of rectal adenoma a Storch 27 Fr urologic resectoscope was used for transanal excision of the tumour. The lesions were of different sizes and situated in different parts of the rectum. The cases are presented and the advantages and limitations of the method are discussed. PMID- 3232490 TI - Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with liver resection. Case report. AB - In a patient who underwent extended right hemihepatectomy for a mass in the right liver lobe, the lesion proved to be primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma. When recurrence was diagnosed 9 months later, chemotherapy was begun. Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the liver is rare, with only c. 55 cases reported in the world literature. PMID- 3232491 TI - [Sympathetic nervous system activity and chronic hepatic disease]. PMID- 3232492 TI - [The discovery and role of fructose-2,6-diphosphate]. PMID- 3232493 TI - [Gastro-duodeno-jejunal manometric registrations. Methods and preliminary observations in various functional digestive disorders]. PMID- 3232494 TI - [Food allergy: myth or reality?]. PMID- 3232495 TI - Effect of fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia during cardiac surgery on serum thyroid hormones. AB - Twenty-five euthyroid patients who underwent cardiac surgery with fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia were studied. The authors confirm that some thyroid hormones undoubtedly take part in a non-specific pool of reactions caused by surgical stress. For one or more days, all the patients had total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels clearly below the normal values, with a parallel increase in reverse triiodothyronine (rT3, biologically inactive). Changes in total (TT4) and free thyroxine (FT4), although significant, were smaller and hard to interpret. The most important changes occurred on the first postoperative day. Of seven patients who before the operation had a TT3 value below the lower normal limit, six had at discharge a mean TT3 level significantly above it. Serum TT3 concentrations could be a reliable prognostic index. High dose fentanyl anesthesia probably does not affect thyroid hormone response to surgical stress. To date, the mechanisms which cause reduction of serum triiodothyronine have not been fully discovered and it is not known for certain whether this reduction is beneficial to the human organism. PMID- 3232496 TI - Cardiorespiratory effects of the sitting position in neurosurgery. AB - The hemodynamic and respiratory effects of raising patients from the supine into the sitting position for neurosurgical procedures were investigated in fifteen patients under fentanyl-nitrous oxide anesthesia. The change of position caused a significant decrease in the cardiac output and in the mean arterial blood pressure. An increase in the systemic vascular resistance and in the pulmonary vascular resistance occurred. Half an hour after positioning the patients the mean arterial blood pressure decreased so far that in one third of the patients the cerebral perfusion was threatened. In the sitting position the central venous pressure, measured at right atrium level, became subatmospheric in three patients. The central venous pressure and the capillary wedge pressure decreased, but the pressure gradient between the right and the left atrium reversed in most patients, bearing the risk of paradoxical air embolism. The alveolar-arterial difference in oxygen tension and the intrapulmonary shunt fraction were decreased after raising the patients; the dead space ventilation showed a significant increase. PMID- 3232497 TI - Alizapride in the prevention of postoperative vomiting. A double-blind comparison. AB - Alizapride 50 mg intravenously was compared with placebo in a double-blind trial on 170 women undergoing planned soft tissue surgery under general anesthesia. Alizapride or placebo was given intravenously about 20 minutes before the end of the operation. A second and a third prophylactic dose was administered 4 and 8 hours after the first injection. The patients were observed for 24 hours postoperatively. A therapeutic dose of alizapride 50 mg was administered intravenously in the two groups if retching or emesis occurred in the postoperative period. In the alizapride group there was less retching or emesis than in the placebo-group and the difference was statistically significant. However, there was still a significant incidence of 34% of postoperative vomiting in the alizapride group. There were no effects on heart rate or on respiratory rate but small changes of blood pressure after the first and second prophylactic injection of alizapride have been noted. PMID- 3232499 TI - Computer driven i.v. injection systems. State of the art, future developments. AB - The evolution of computer science is fast. New softwares and devices are proposed to physicians. We have designed and developed a complete guiding system build up around one personal computer, to assist the anesthetist to deliver simultaneously many drugs to a patient. This system is constituted of three modules. The first module SPINA is used to select the most appropriate IV drug from a data base considering patient's age, weight, disease state and surgery. It helps to evaluate its pharmacokinetic. The second module CINA is used to prepare the infusion sheet. The third module, MINA is used, for the start up and control of drug delivery and to synchronize the infusion pumps. It is also possible to interact on the preprogrammed infusion sequences. To achieve a closed loop regulation we have developed a fourth module PC-SCOPE; it manages the data acquisition. Some guidelines of our further developments are also presented. PMID- 3232498 TI - Double-blind comparison between nalbuphine and pentazocine in the control of postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery. AB - A double blind randomized study was done to compare Nalbuphine 20 mg I.M. to pentazocine 30 mg I.M. for postoperative pain relief after orthopedic surgery. This dose of pentazocine was choosen according to reports in the literature and to our standard practice. Sixty patients entered the study and were observed regularly till up 6 h post injection. The test drug was given when a pain score of 6 was shown on a VAS from 0 to 10. Onset, duration and quality of pain relief were significantly superior for nalbuphine with 50% of the patients still having no or only moderate pain at the end of the observation period. Cardiovascular and side effect were in both groups minor. PMID- 3232500 TI - Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis of nondepolarising neuromuscular blocking agents. AB - Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic methods using the statistical moment theory can be very helpful in comparing the mean residence time of drugs in the body. These methods are based on the estimation of the area under the time versus plasma concentration curve after a single intravenous drug bolus, and can also be used to estimate clearance, effective half life and the apparent volume of distribution of the drug. In the group of nondepolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs, atracurium offers the advantage of having the smallest mean residence time. PMID- 3232501 TI - Treatment of diabetic neovascular glaucoma by panretinal ablation and trabeculectomy. AB - The efficacy of treating diabetic neovascular glaucoma by panretinal cryotherapy and trabeculectomy was studied over post-operative periods of 6-24 months in 26 selected eyes (8 acute cases and 18 chronic cases). The only complications attributable to surgery were slight hyphemas. Mean pre-operative intraocular pressure (IOP) among the acute cases was 48.8 +/- 9.9 mmHg. After 1 year, IOP was under control (IOP less than or equal to 22 mmHg) in 6 eyes (75%) (2 patients needed hypotensive drugs and another required surgery again). Among the chronic cases, pre-operative IOP was 30.1 +/- 2.1, while a year after surgery IOP was under control (IOP less than or equal to 22 mmHg) in 14 patients (77%) (5 of these needed hypotensive medication and 2 a second operation). The visual acuity (VA) of 66% of the chronic cases was unaltered a year after surgery. The VA of 63% of the acute cases was better a year after surgery. The VA of the 8 patients re-examined 2 years after surgery had deteriorated in spite of their IOP being under control. PMID- 3232502 TI - The morphology of human cells from the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium grown in vitro on isolated Bruch's membrane. AB - Cells from samples of human choroidal tissue were collected and seeded onto isolated Bruch's membrane in vitro, and the morphology of the developing cultures was examined by light-, scanning electron- and transmission electron-microscopy. In early cultures, the cells showed a flattened, spread out appearance with short surface villi and a low degree of cellular overlapping. After 48 h, a shift towards a more elongated cell form was observed, and one week old cultures were composed of predominantly elongated cells with a pronounced degree of overlapping. In contrast, human retinal pigment epithelial cells seeded onto sheets of Bruch's membrane maintained a spread out epithelial morphology with a varying degree of overlapping throughout the culture period. The present system permits comparative studies on the behavior of choroidal and pigment epithelial cells under controlled conditions. It may serve as an in vitro model for disorders characterized by growth of these cells on Bruch's membrane in vivo. PMID- 3232504 TI - Retinal detachment. A study of a population-based patient material in Sweden 1971 1981. III. Surgical results. AB - Surgical results and complications were studied retrospectively in 590 cases of retinal detachment in a population-based material of 538 patients. Of the 590 cases 96.3% were operated upon, and 22.9% of these underwent one or more re operations. The technique used was cryo- or photocoagulation (100%) + scleral buckling or an encircling band (96%) + drainage of subretinal fluid (80%). The surgical complications were intraocular bleeding (13%), choroidal detachment (7%), and proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (5%). All complications were significantly more frequent after re-operations. Complete re-attachment was achieved in 78.1%. The re-attachment rate was significantly lower in aphakic cases (66.7%) than in phakic non-traumatic cases (80.8%). The visual acuity in re attached cases was better than 0.5 in 33.7% and better than 0.1 in 72.2%. PMID- 3232503 TI - The human choriocapillaris in organ culture. AB - 4 x 4 mm pieces of human eye walls consisting of the sclera, the choroid and the pigment epithelium were kept in organ culture for 1 month and studied with light and transmission electron microscopy comparing the findings with normal tissue. After 1 month the choriocapillaris still had open vessel lumina lined with flattened endothelial cells containing organelles and vesicles on both inner and outer cell membranes. The endothelial cells lost their fenestrations and polarity in regard to the location of cell nuclei. Otherwise the ultrastructure was similar to that of the choriocapillaris in vitro. This study has shown that choriocapillaris can survive in organ culture for 1 month, and it permits further studies on the behaviour of the choroid under controlled conditions, and on the long-term effects of different types of trauma to the choroid in vitro. PMID- 3232506 TI - Scleral reinforcement by a teflon graft and a tissue adhesive. AB - Expanded patches of polytetrafluoroetylen, teflon (Impra) together with a tissue adhesive (cyanoacrylate) have been used to reinforce the scleral wall. The material has been used in 3 different trials on animals in periods up to 8 months. The histological analysis showed that the material was well accepted. The study indicates that scleral reinforcement with teflon and cyanoacrylate is a safe procedure. PMID- 3232505 TI - Retinal detachment. A study of a population-based patient material in Sweden 1971 1981. IV. Prediction of surgical outcome. AB - The association between the outcome of 531 surgically treated retinal detachments (RD) and preoperative findings was studied by logistic univariate and multivariate analysis. The following factors were significantly, and negatively associated with the surgical results: 1) previous RD in the same eye, 2) pre operative visual acuity less than 2/60, 3) cloudy ocular media and/or a poorly dilated pupil, 4) an RD area of more than three quadrants, and 5) no retinal breaks detected. In the multivariate analysis no significant association was found for 9 factors: open angle glaucoma, interval of more than 2 months between symptoms and surgery, aphakia, pre-operative hypotony, absence of demarcation lines, posterior retinal breaks, pre-operative proliferative vitreo-retinopathy, sex and age. The significant factors combined with aphakia were studied in all conceivable combinations. The estimated probability of failure varied between 4 and 93%, indicating that the most important factors were observed. PMID- 3232507 TI - The Middle-Norway eye-screening study. I. Epidemiology of the pseudo-exfoliation syndrome. AB - This is the first population-based PE prevalence study allowing comparison of observations from different geographical areas. The prevalence of the PE syndrome for persons above 64 years of age was found to be 10.2, 21.0 and 19.6% in three municipalities lying distinctly apart. Of 343 married couples the man was PE positive in 36, the woman in 34, and both in 12 cases. One of the 12 couples was excluded because the spouses were cousins. The observed number of 11 couples is significantly higher (P = 0.022) than expected assuming independent occurrence of PE syndrome. Two homozygote pairs of twins were found in this material, both of them discordant for the presence of PE syndrome. This fact along with the discrepancy between observed and expected numbers of PE positivity in both spouses may indicate environmental influence on the distribution of the syndrome. PMID- 3232508 TI - Repeated visual field screening in the aged. AB - During 1977 and 1978 visual screening was performed in 1511 persons born 1907 1921 and taking part in a population survey. 8.4 years later the visual field screening was repeated in 2039 eyes of 1038 persons. The rates of unsuccessful tests improved or remained unchanged. The incidence of non-glaucomatous visual field defects was 0.006/year. Thus repeated visual field screening of persons in their seventies was both feasible and fruitful. PMID- 3232509 TI - Combined procedure for the management of glaucoma and cataract. AB - Thirty eyes of 29 patients (12 male and 17 female) with an age range 50-86 years (mean 76 years) were operated by combined technique for cataract and glaucoma with a follow-up ranging between 6-18 months (mean 6.8 months). Seventeen eyes had capsular glaucoma and 13 eyes simple glaucoma. The surgical technique of trabeculectomy, extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation is described. The pre-operative IOP was 31.5 mmHg +/- 7.8 on maximum tolerated medical therapy and the post-operative IOP 17.8 mmHg +/- 3.9. Fourteen eyes had to be treated with topical timolol X 2 daily after the operation. Twenty eight eyes had a pre-operative visual acuity of less than or equal to 0.3. Of these, 17 had a visual acuity of less than or equal to 0.1, and were severely visually handicapped. Visual acuity improved markedly in 24 eyes and remained unchanged in 6 eyes. Every patient but one (with vitrectomy and no lens implantation) experienced considerable subjective visual increase. The main complications consisted of vitreous loss in one eye and fibrinous effusion into the anterior chamber in 7 capsular glaucoma eyes. Pre-operative precautions and post-operative care are important. The combined triple procedure is recommended for the management of patients with uncontrolled glaucoma and cataract. PMID- 3232510 TI - Nuclear cataract--a microradiographic study. AB - Nuclear cataract is a common type of senile cataract characterized by an increased turbidity and often a yellow to brown pigmentation of the nucleus. Twenty-one human lenses with different degrees of nuclear turbidity were, after intracapsular cataract extraction, examined by a quantitative microradiographic technique. The dry mass concentration was determined along the lens axis, and revealed an overall distribution similar to the normal lens. The concentration increased from the poles towards the center of the lens, to reach a mean level of 0.47 g.cm-3 (range 0.38-0.55). Though the appearance of the nucleus as well as the dry mass were relatively uniform. In addition, different types of formations with reduced or increased dry mass were found in the nucleus. The location of these formations are described and their nature discussed. PMID- 3232511 TI - Long-term changes of the corneal endothelium following intracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of open-loop anterior chamber lenses. AB - The central corneal endothelium of a consecutive group of 158 patients with senile cataract was examined before intracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of an open-loop anterior chamber lens and 6, 12 and 48 months after surgery. Corneal endothelial morphometry was performed using an automated digital image analysis system. After 6 months of follow-up, there was an average loss of 10.8% in central corneal endothelial cell density, which increased to 14.8% after 12 months and 18.8% after 48 months. The early post-operative endothelial cell loss was correlated significantly with a decrease of cell pattern stability and polymegathism (P less than 0.0001). There was also a significant correlation between the continuous post-operative cell loss and the simultaneous changes of pattern stability and polymegathism and the age at the time of surgery (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3232512 TI - The KID-syndrome in Finland. A report of four cases. AB - We describe a rare syndrome in a Finnish family, in which the father and his two sons are congenitally deaf and also exhibit corneal vascularization, and hyperkeratosis of the skin of the palms, soles, elbows and knees. In addition, all 3 suffer from fungal infections of the skin and nails. We also describe a fourth, sporadic case of a 9-year-old girl with the same disease. The KID (k = keratitis, i = ichthyosis, d = deafness) syndrome is an ectodermal dysplasia that probably arises through mutation, and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant in the family described by us. PMID- 3232513 TI - Tear film flow and stability in seropositive patients of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Tear film flow and stability studies were carried out in 25 serologically positive patients with rheumatoid arthritis, who were without ocular symptoms, by performing Schirmer test I and break-up time (BUT) measurements. The values of BUT and Schirmer in 25 cases were decreased significantly when compared with 25 matched controls. Further, an inverse relation was observed between the values of these tear function tests and the serum immunoglobulin levels, thereby depicting that higher values of serum immunoglobulins in rheumatoid arthritis may be helpful in segregating the cases who may eventually develop dry eyes. PMID- 3232514 TI - The diagnostic significance of serological screening of patients with uveitis. AB - A prospective clinical and serological study was carried out in 165 consecutive patients with anterior uveitis (AU), and a control group comprising 110 healthy volunteers, and 70 patients with Behcet's disease. It appeared from our analysis that infections such as syphilis and brucellosis should be suspected in non responsive cases of anterior uveitis. Furthermore, a highly significant frequency (41%) of sero-positive herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibodies in patients with AU would suggest a possible role of this virus in the etiology of anterior uveitis. Hence, specific treatment in cases of presumptive intraocular infections would lead to marked clinical improvement in terms of intensity and duration of the eye inflammatory process. PMID- 3232516 TI - Cartographic deformations in a parabolic visual field map. AB - Visual fields are traditionally represented in the polar azimuthal equidistant projection. In this map, field areas are increasingly exaggerated with increasing visual angle. To facilitate description of central field defects, enlargement of the central visual field by a parabolic, non-linear projection has been proposed. The cartographic deformations associated with this projection were studied by using mathematical isopter models. A change from equidistant to parabolic projection not only altered relative isopter sizes but also their shapes. Also, the normal nasal-temporal asymmetry was obscured. Thus, the parabolic projection may conceal some types of visual field defects, e.g. loss of the temporal cresent. Neither projection represented surface areas correctly. It is argued that the area-true Lambert's projection would be ideal for visual field representation. PMID- 3232515 TI - Retinal abnormalities in Alport's syndrome. AB - The ophthalmological findings in 13 patients with Alport's syndrome are reported. Special attention was given to the retina and retinal functions. Flecked retinopathy was present in 12 out of the 13 cases. Two cases showed tortuosity of the retinal vessels. Retinal function tests showed no significant abnormalities. This study suggests that in Alport's syndrome, retinal lesions are more common than has been reported until now. PMID- 3232517 TI - Jogging and contrast sensitivity. AB - Threshold contrast sensitivity was measured using sinusoidal gratings with the method of increasing contrast both before and after jogging in fresh air. The mean contrast sensitivity of 11 subjects was higher after jogging at all three spatial frequencies studied (1, 6 and 19 c/deg). The differences were statistically significant. The effect of jogging was subject to individual variation, some 'unstable' subjects responding strongly and some 'stable' subjects showing no change at all. Two 'unstable' subjects were tested several times, and their strong response proved to be repeatable. PMID- 3232518 TI - Study of Duane's retraction syndrome. AB - The clinical observations made on 20 patients (24 eyes) of Duane's retraction syndrome are presented. A modification of Huber's classification of the syndrome is suggested in order to make it more clinically orientated. PMID- 3232519 TI - Megalocornea and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous masquerading as congenital glaucoma. AB - A 7-month-old infant referred with suspected bilateral congenital glaucoma was noted under general anaesthesia to have simple megalocornea in association with contralateral glaucoma in an eye suspected of harbouring an intraocular tumour. Following enucleation, histopathology demonstrated persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous. The presence of simple megalocornea of autosomal recessive inheritance in association with contralateral persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in a buphthalmic eye is of ophthalmic interest, and appears to be unique. PMID- 3232520 TI - [Role of mast cells in the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyps]. PMID- 3232521 TI - [Head-shaking nystagmus and caloric vestibular testing: clinical correlations]. PMID- 3232522 TI - [Medico-legal evaluation of bilateral hearing loss: proposal of an original method]. PMID- 3232524 TI - [Evaluation of the respiratory function and rehabilitation after laryngectomy]. PMID- 3232523 TI - [Taste variations after radiotherapy of neoplasms of the pharynx and oral cavity]. PMID- 3232525 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibody Ki-67 in the prognostic evaluation of laryngeal neoplasms]. PMID- 3232527 TI - Co-release and functional interactions of neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline in peripheral sympathetic vascular control. AB - 1. The immunohistochemical results suggest that NPY-LI co-exists with NA in sympathetic periarterial nerves of skeletal muscle. The corresponding veins are associated with few or no sympathetic nerves. 2. SNS evoked a detectable overflow of NPY-LI from the dog gracilis muscle in vivo during high-frequency but not low frequency stimulation. After the administration of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, the overflow of NPY-LI was enhanced, indicating prejunctional inhibition of release via a mechanism similar to that for NA. Reserpine pretreatment depleted both NA and NPY-LI from skeletal muscle. The reserpine induced depletion of NPY-LI, but not of NA, was highly dependent on intact nerve activity, since it was prevented by decentralization. 3. Slowly developing and long-lasting vasoconstriction was evoked by exogenous NPY and by high-frequency SNS in the gracilis muscle in the presence of adrenoceptor antagonists that completely blocked the vasoconstrictor response to exogenous NA. After reserpine treatment, considerably larger vasoconstrictor responses to SNS were observed in the decentralized muscle than in the intact one, in parallel with the overflow of NPY-LI. These results suggest that the released NPY may be the mediator of the adrenoceptor antagonist- and reserpine-resistant functional responses to SNS in the gracilis muscle. ATP mechanisms seem to be of less importance for the sympathetic control of gracilis muscle vasculature. 4. The plasma levels of NPY LI and NA in man increased during physical exercise, suggesting a co-release from sympathetic nerves. This release appears to be attenuated by activation of alpha adrenoceptors since phentolamine and clonidine, respectively, enhanced and suppressed the exercise-induced increase in the plasma levels of both NPY-LI and NA. The plasma levels of NPY-LI were increased during control conditions, and altered by clonidine and phentolamine, mainly at high work loads, which may indicate preferential release of the peptide at high levels of sympathetic activity. 5. Local i.a. infusion of NPY in man reduced forearm blood flow with a threshold effect at a plasma concentration in the low nmolar range. The reduction in forearm blood flow induced by NPY was considerably more long-lasting than that evoked by NA, which may partly be related to the long metabolic half-life of NPY. 6. NPY induced contractile effects in vitro that varied between different arteries and veins. The most pronounced effects were evoked in small human skeletal muscle arteries, where NPY caused a maximal contraction similar to that of NA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3232526 TI - [Hormonal receptors in cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 3232528 TI - The internal elastic membrane and intimal folds in arteries: important but neglected structures? PMID- 3232530 TI - Are anorexia nervosa patients alexithymic? AB - Clinical descriptions of affective expression and fantasy life in anorexia nervosa patients suggest that they could be considered as alexithymic; weight restoration could improve these feature. Using some Rorschach indices and the MMPI subscale of Kleiger and Kinsman as standards of alexithymia, we studied a group of 35 anorexia nervosa patients at low and restored weight and a control group of 35 neurotic patients. The results on the Rorschach indices indicate that the anorexia nervosa group is not more alexithymic than the control group and that weight restoration does not influence the phenomenon. The findings with regard to the MMPI alexithymia subscale do not permit clear conclusions; they confirm the doubts, expressed by some authors, about the value of this scale in the measurement of alexithymia. PMID- 3232529 TI - [Birth and vicissitudes of the mental disease concept]. AB - The author discusses the successive modifications of the concept of mental disease. Initially syndromic, it has tended, since Bayle, to become clinico etiological. The introduction of evolution as a criterion is responsible for the "Krankheitsbegriff" of Kraepelin. The initially categorical nature of the model has met with difficulties when personality disorders has been considered as belonging to psychiatry. Kurt Schneider has tried to solve the problem thus posed. Although it is avoided by the modern nosological systems, the choice between the categorical and the dimensional models is a prerequisite for a clear definition of mental disease. PMID- 3232531 TI - Immunoreactive somatomedin B is increased in serum in patients with major depressive disorder. AB - Serum levels of immunoreactive somatomedin B (RIA-B) were investigated in patients with major depressive disorder both in the acute state and during remission at 8 h and 22 h and at 22 h after the dexamethasone suppression test. Elevated levels of RIA-B at 8 h and at 22 h after the dexamethasone suppression test were found consistently in the patient group compared with the healthy controls. No indication was obtained that the patients' clinical condition or depressive symptomatology as revealed by their CPRS score, psychotropic medication or TSH, prolactin, melatonin or cortisol levels was significantly related to the RIA-B levels. PMID- 3232532 TI - Anorexia nervosa in two Nigerians. AB - The general belief that anorexia nervosa is rare among non-whites should be cautiously accepted based on some very recent reports of the occurrence of the disorder in individuals of African descent. Two young Nigerians who presented classical features of anorexia nervosa are reported. In Case I, anorexia now regarded to be of low diagnostic value was absent, but in both cases identified antecedent psychosexual conflicts are explainable by well-known psychodynamic hypotheses. The relatively low prevalence of the disorder that has been observed might be due to: the protective influence of the Nigerian extended kinship system, the customary passion for plumpness as an attribute of physical attractiveness, carbohydrate diet "resistance" and the non-inclusion of cases in hospital records because of consultation with unorthodox healers. The general trend of increasing prevalence calls for more diagnostic vigilance, particularly among doctors serving populations with Third World background. PMID- 3232533 TI - Community attitudes and awareness of mental disorders. A key informant study in two Nicaraguan towns. AB - Attitudes towards mentally ill people were studied in two Nicaraguan towns through interviews with key informants. They were presented 8 case histories originally developed in a World Health Organization collaborative study. Alcoholism and depressive neurosis were considered the most common disorders, while the schizophrenic case was generally judged as the most severe. The methodology was found useful and valid. PMID- 3232534 TI - Eating Disorder Inventory in Sweden: description, cross-cultural comparison, and clinical utility. AB - The Eating Disorder Inventory is one of very few tests for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa that measures not only symptoms but also psychological characteristics believed to be central in these disorders. This study of 425 patients and control subjects showed that patients had markedly higher scores than controls and recovered patients on all eight scales. Individuals with bulimia nervosa scored higher on a few of the scales than those with anorexia nervosa, as did binge eaters at all weights compared with those who only restricted eating. Comparison with Canadian subjects showed several differences in normal controls. Since the technical properties of our Swedish version of the EDI were excellent, these differences may be meaningful rather than artifacts of the translation. Finally, the analyses indicated that the EDI may be useful for purposes of screening for eating disorders, and possibly for differential diagnosis. PMID- 3232535 TI - Long-term course and outcome in delusional disorder. AB - Out of 301 first-time admitted patients with delusional psychoses, 71 met Kendler's criteria of delusional disorder (DD) and 137 met the ICD-9 criteria of schizophrenia (S). DD was subdivided according to operational criteria into reactive delusional disorder (RDD) with precipitating factors (n = 31) and non RDD (n = 40). At follow-up after 22-39 years, 20 RDD patients, 21 non-RDD patients and 85 S patients were personally interviewed. The delusions had faded in 61% of DD cases, were unchanged in 17%, and more prominent in another 17%. Recovery was recorded in 37%, mild defect in 32%, moderate impairment in 10%, and severe impairment in 22% of DD patients. Outcome was more favourable in DD compared with S, in RDD compared with non-RDD, and in non-RDD compared with S. The study supports distinctions between DD and S, RDD and non-RDD, and non-RDD and S based on course and outcome. PMID- 3232536 TI - Fat consumption and schizophrenia. AB - This report describes the statistical association between the average ratings of course and outcome of schizophrenia in 8 national centres participating in the World Health Organization international 2-year follow-up study (1) and the amount of fat in the average national diets as published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2). Highly significant correlations were found between favourable ratings of course and outcome of schizophrenia and a low percentage of total fat (r = 0.80-0.90; P less than 0.05) and of fat from land animals and birds (composed mainly of saturated fat) (r = 0.91-0.95; P less than 0.01). High percentage of fat from vegetables, fish and seafood (having a relatively high content of unsaturated fatty acids) tended to be associated with a favourable course and outcome (r = 0.23-0.50; P greater than 0.10). A multivariate analysis revealed that 97% (P = 0.0002) of the variation in the overall outcome of schizophrenia between the national centres could be explained by the combined variation in the percentages of fat from land animals and birds and from vegetables, fish and seafood, respectively, in the national diets. These results suggest that the course and outcome of schizophrenia may be influenced through diet. They should encourage investigators to perform controlled clinical trials of low-fat diets with a sufficient amount of essential fatty acids. PMID- 3232537 TI - Procedures in evaluating dementia--a study of conjoint application of two rating scales (SCAG and BCRS) and psychometric tests. AB - Fifty-seven patients with dementia (mean age 74 years) were treated for 16 weeks with 2 different doses of a test drug or placebo. On day 0 no significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis H test) were found between the 3 treatment groups on psychometric test scores or the total scores on 3 rating scales (Modified Crichton Geriatric Behaviour Rating Scale, Sandoz Clinical Assessment - Geriatric (SCAG) scale and Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS). The score differences (the total scores on day 112 minus the total scores on day 0) on SCAG, BCRS and psychometric tests were subjected to a series of one-way analyses of variance. As no significant difference was found between the groups, they were combined into a single group. In this group the relationship between total scores on SCAG and BCRS and psychometric test scores was analysed. Setwise multiple regression analyses (with the psychometric test scores as the independent variables) showed that at most 34% and 45% (respectively) of the variance in the SCAG ratings was accounted for by the results from a small subgroup of tests (dealing with visuo motor speed and verbal memory) on day 0 and day 112. The results of a somewhat bigger subgroup of tests (dealing with visuo-motor speed, verbal memory and general intelligence) explained 58% of the variance in the BCRS ratings both on day 0 and after 16 weeks. Canonical correlation analysis using scores on the 2 rating scales and the psychometric test results was applied complementarily to make the inferences as valid as possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3232538 TI - Examining for links between expressed emotion and EPI personality variables: can low EE be faked? AB - We investigated whether links exist between scores on the EPI personality measure (with its component neuroticism, extroversion and lie scales) and scores on the expressed emotion (EE) measures, the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI). CFI scale scores were not associated with scores on the EPI neuroticism and extroversion scales. By contrast, mothers who were designated "low EE" scored significantly higher on the EPI lie scale, suggesting that some may have "faked good" during EE family assessment. The capacity for response biases to influence the CFI and subsequent EE assignment is explored, and it is suggested that corrective strategies may be required to deal with such biases in predictive studies using the EE measure. PMID- 3232540 TI - Brain density in depression: methodological and psychopathological aspects. AB - The relationship between brain density, measured by computerized tomography (CT), and severity of depression was investigated in 44 patients with a major depressive episode according to DSM-III. In order to limit methodological problems, correlations between both the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS) with density values were controlled for age, different ventricle measurements, brain size, and density and size of the skull. The BRMS score correlated inversely with density of the right thalamus, the right head of the caudate, and with parietal grey matter and occipital regions of both hemispheres. Similar, but nonsignificant results, were obtained for the BPRS score. PMID- 3232539 TI - Women with nonorganic psychosis: psychiatric and demographic characteristics of cases with versus without postpartum psychotic episodes. AB - Within a sample of 88 reproducing women with nonorganic psychosis, psychiatric and demographic characteristics were compared for women having only postpartum psychotic episodes (PPPs), women never having PPPs, and women having both PPPs and other psychotic episodes. Cases with only PPPs or both PPPs/other episodes most frequently had affective disorders. Cases with no PPPs most frequently had schizophrenia. Even with diagnosis controlled, cases with only PPPs were comparatively high in social class and in age at initial illness onset and were less severely ill than others. Cases with both PPPs/other episodes had the opposite characteristics. Cases never having PPPs had an intermediary position between the other two groups. PPPs in patients having only PPPs bore a special relationship to parity, not seen in other patients. PPPs appear to be associated with two different types of clinical/demographic patterns, depending upon whether the PPPs occur in isolation or as part of another illness pattern. PMID- 3232541 TI - A prospective study of postpartum psychoses in a high-risk group. 7. Relationship to later offspring characteristics. AB - Among the offspring of 88 pregnant index women with a history of nonorganic psychosis, offspring whose mothers developed postpartum psychotic episodes (PPPs) following birth (maximum n = 17) were compared with the remaining index offspring on emotional development during the first year of life, temperament characteristics during the first 2 years, and mental characteristics at 6 years of age. The maternal PPPs were not associated with any negative consequences for offspring development, and the offspring of PPP cases evidenced a number of more positive mental developmental characteristics than did other index offspring. Further comparison with offspring of normal-risk controls also supported the conclusion of no negative effect caused by maternal PPPs. Choice of an appropriate comparison group for PPP cases is discussed. PMID- 3232542 TI - Behavioral assessment of patients treated with alpha-interferon. AB - To document behavioral effects of interferon (IFN) with daily consecutive assessments we developed an easily administered procedure for bedside testing. It included assessment of mental control and affective behavior, and a self assessment questionnaire. The method was evaluated in 9 lung cancer patients before and during the treatment with alpha-IFN and the results were supplemented with those obtained by a neuropsychological test battery of one of the patients. The latter tests covered memory, visuoperceptual, visuoconstructional, speech, language, intellectual and psychomotor functions, reading, writing, and calculation. The bedside method was capable of revealing the essential effects of IFN on human behavior, i.e. irritability, slowing of behavior, dyscoordination, and motor perseveration. Consequently, the bedside testing method is recommended for frequently repeated clinical assessments of aberrant behavior of patients treated with IFN, while neuropsychological test batteries serve better for testing situations requiring more detailed and quantified data of localization value. PMID- 3232543 TI - An attempt to operationalize reactive delusional psychosis. AB - Reactive psychosis is a diagnostic concept widely used in Scandinavia but it is still a subject of discussion and controversy internationally. Inside Scandinavia the diagnosis is used according to varying criteria, which is one of the reasons for high diagnostic instability and a threat to the validity and reliability of the concept. This article presents an attempt to operationalize reactive delusional psychosis, to test its clinical utility in a pilot study, and to test the reliability of the individual items. More clinical studies based on operationalization, demarcation of the concept, and interrater reliability are needed to convince psychiatrists outside Scandinavia of the existence of reactive psychosis as a useful nosological concept in patients with good prognosis and who mainly need psychotherapy. PMID- 3232544 TI - Major depression, anxiety disorders and mixed conditions. Childhood and precipitating events. AB - A consecutive sample of non-psychotic outpatients was divided into 4 groups: pure major depression, mixed major depression-anxiety disorder, pure anxiety disorder and a remaining group of other disorders. The patient reports of childhood losses, relation to parents, siblings and family climate, their own personality characteristics as children and precipitating events were compared in the various groups. On childhood experiences and precipitating events, it appears that the mixed group reported somewhat differently from the pure anxiety and the pure depression group, and very often differently from the group of other disorder. Patients with mixed major depression-anxiety disorder generally remembered their childhood as being more traumatic with a less satisfactory relationship to their parents. Prior to the onset of the disorder, they had more often experienced conflicts with partner, spouse or fiance. PMID- 3232547 TI - HIV infection presenting as psychosis: a critique. AB - A review of the literature on HIV and psychiatry thus far has revealed 13 cases of HIV infection presenting as psychosis. We argue that these cases could in fact represent either coincidental schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and HIV infection or HIV-related organic hallucinosis, delusional or affective syndromes with or without associated dementia (AIDS-dementia complex). The use of the term psychosis in describing AIDS-related behavioral syndromes is misleading, and should be replaced when possible by specific DSM-III-R categories. PMID- 3232548 TI - Advances in decision research. Selected proceedings of the 11th Conference on Subjective Probability, Utility and Decision Making. Cambridge, UK, August 23-27, 1987. PMID- 3232546 TI - A prospective study of psychosocial background factors associated with congenital malformations. AB - Women's life situation and experiences during pregnancy were prospectively studied in relationship to the development of congenital malformations (CMs) in their offspring, within samples of 84 offspring of pregnant index women with a history of nonorganic psychosis and 100 offspring of pregnant control women. Within both samples, offspring CMs were related to more problematic maternal life situations during pregnancy, the common denominator in these problems across samples being difficulties associated with the husband. Little relationship was found between CMs and the woman's own attitude toward the pregnancy or her mental condition during pregnancy. In both groups, total life situational problems and distress were more strongly related to the development of very minor CMs (termed "variants") than to the major, classical CMs. PMID- 3232545 TI - An integrated approach to the assessment of family adjustment to acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. AB - This study evaluated psychological distress, social support and adjustment to the disease of 69 parents of 35 children suffering from acute lymphocytic leukemia. The study dealt with the initial phase of the disease. The following rating scales were used: the Symptom Distress Checklist-90, the Social Support Questionnaire and the Family Adjustment Scale. Psychological distress of the mothers was negatively correlated with their and their child's adjustment to the disease. A similar trend was found for fathers but the correlations reached statistical significance only for fathers' adjustment. Social support as evaluated by the 2 parents was positively correlated with their and their child's adjustment to the disease experience. PMID- 3232549 TI - Judgment and hazard adaptation: a longitudinal study of responses to the risks of water contamination. PMID- 3232550 TI - Risk assessment and accident analysis. PMID- 3232551 TI - Ethnic variation in estrogen and progesterone receptor concentration in leiomyoma and normal myometrium. AB - The total content of 17-beta estradiol and progesterone receptors in human uterine leiomyoma and normal myometrium in a Caucasian population was determined. Estrogen receptor concentrations in leiomyoma and myometrium were not significantly different (p = 0.1401). The concentration of progesterone receptors in leiomyoma was higher than in myometrium (p = 0.0303). Negroid and Caucasian ethnic groups did not differ with respect to estrogen (p = 0.7040) or progesterone (p = 0.8494) receptor concentrations in leiomyoma, but estrogen (p less than 0.005) and progesterone (p less than 0.005) receptor concentrations in normal myometrium were significantly higher in Caucasian than in negroid patients. Leiomyoma in negroid and Caucasian patients appears to be histologically similar, but the biochemical pathway of its pathogenesis seems to differ. Genetic predisposition probably acts as an initiation factor in the myometrium of both ethnic groups, then estrogen receptor levels in negroids and alterations in steroid metabolism in Caucasians promote the growth of leiomyoma. PMID- 3232552 TI - Activity of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase alpha stimulated by estrogen in the endometrium of the human uterus during the menstrual cycle. AB - To provide some insight into how deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis occurs in the endometrium of the human uterus during the menstrual cycle, the DNA polymerase activities (alpha and beta) in endometrial samples taken from normal cycling women, and the concentration of estradiol-17 beta (E2) and progesterone in the serum were measured. DNA polymerase alpha activity increased gradually from the beginning of the menstrual cycle, reaching a peak 2-3 days before ovulation, and then showed a decrease. Increase in this activity occurred in parallel with that of the concentration of E2, but not progesterone, in the serum sample in the proliferative phase (correlation coefficient r = 0.924, p less than 0.001). In contrast, DNA polymerase alpha activity stimulated by estrogen in the endometrium of the 2nd grade amenorrheal women decreased abruptly after an injection of 125 mg progesterone. DNA polymerase beta activity showed no significant change during the menstrual cycle or after estrogen and progesterone treatment. These results suggest that estrogen seems to stimulate the induction of DNA polymerase alpha activity during cell proliferation in the endometrium of the human uterus. PMID- 3232553 TI - Pulsatile secretion of prolactin and luteinizing hormone and their synchronous relationship during the human menstrual cycle. AB - Recent investigations have demonstrated the pulsatile nature of prolactin (PRL) secretion and the synchronous relationship between PRL and LH pulses in normal and hypogonadal women. The present study was designed to confirm this synchrony and to investigate the characteristics of PRL pulses at different stages of the menstrual cycle. Blood samples were obtained at 10-minute intervals, beginning at 10.00 hours, for a duration of 4-7 hours, from women during the follicular (n = 11), preovulatory (n = 2) and luteal (n = 10) phases. Detectable pulses in plasma PRL concentrations were present in almost all subjects during each phase of the cycle. During the total 121-hour blood sampling throughout the 3 phases, 62 PRL pulses and 74 LH pulses were detected and about 80% of the PRL pulses were observed to coincide with LH pulses. The mean (+/- SD) pulse frequency of PRL was significantly lower during the luteal phase (0.28 +/- 0.17 pulses/hour) than during the follicular (0.64 +/- 0.25 pulses/hour) and preovulatory (0.72 +/- 0.16 pulses/hour) phases, while the mean pulse amplitude of PRL was significantly greater during the luteal phase (6.8 +/- 2.3 ng/ml) than during the follicular (3.6 +/- 1.2 ng/ml) and preovulatory (4.1 +/- 1.0 ng/ml) phases. These changes in pulse frequency and amplitude were also observed in LH pulses between the follicular and luteal phases, except at the LH surge, when LH pulse amplitude increased markedly, but that of PRL did not alter. Furthermore, a positive linear correlation between the pulse frequency of PRL and LH (r = 0.74, p less than 0.001) was found throughout the 3 phases of the cycle. These results demonstrate that a marked degree of synchrony between PRL and LH pulses is observed during the menstrual cycle and suggest that the frequency and amplitude of PRL pulses vary from the follicular to luteal phases, except at the LH surge, almost in parallel with those of LH pulses. PMID- 3232554 TI - Virilization due to ovarian hyperthecosis in a postmenopausal woman. AB - A 51-year-old woman presented with hirsutism and virilization of gradual onset. The serum gonadotropin concentrations were in the postmenopausal range, the serum testosterone concentration was markedly elevated (9.8 nmol/l) and the serum estradiol concentration (220 pmol/l) was elevated above the postmenopausal range. A selective venous catheterization study demonstrated raised serum testosterone and androstenedione levels in ovarian veins and suggested the presence of a left ovarian tumor. The raised peripheral estradiol level was shown to be due to ovarian hypersecretion. After bilateral oophorectomy the serum testosterone became normal. Ovarian histology revealed bilateral stromal hyperthecosis. Ovarian hyperthecosis is a rare but important cause of serum testosterone levels in the neoplastic range. This is the third case reported of postmenopausal virilization due to ovarian hyperthecosis and the first report of a selective venous catheterization study in such a patient. PMID- 3232555 TI - [Predictive value of clinical, biochemical, hormonal and histologic parameters of the endocrine response in prostatic adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 3232556 TI - [Treatment of female urinary stress incontinence by the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz technic: review of our experience]. PMID- 3232558 TI - [Causes of ureteral obstruction immediately after surgery for retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 3232557 TI - [Radiotherapy in addition to radical surgery in the treatment of infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder. Comparative study with a group managed by surgery alone]. PMID- 3232560 TI - [Value of radical cystectomy in the treatment of infiltrating bladder cancer]. PMID- 3232559 TI - [Cystectomy and ileal diversion: mortality and complications]. PMID- 3232562 TI - [Renal trauma. Our diagnostic and therapeutic approach]. PMID- 3232561 TI - [Serum immunosuppressive activity of patients undergoing urologic surgery]. PMID- 3232564 TI - [Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3232563 TI - [Perirenal urinoma secondary to ureteral obstruction caused by bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 3232565 TI - [Renal oncocytoma. A diagnostic and therapeutic problem]. PMID- 3232566 TI - [Malacoplakia: aggressive course of a large pelvic mass]. PMID- 3232567 TI - Quick-fix sex: pseudosexuality in adolescents. AB - This paper offers therapists, parents, and educators a model for understanding adolescent sexuality. The focus is on how nonsexual needs drive sexual behavior and produce an artificially high sex drive. It proposes that the overwhelming intensity of the adolescent sex drive is due to factors other than libido or biological phenomena. The critical factor in helping teenagers control their sexuality responsibly is to teach them what these needs are and how they influence sexual behavior. PMID- 3232568 TI - Group psychotherapy and the learning disabled adolescent. AB - This paper describes the special benefits provided by group psychotherapy for adolescents with learning disabilities. Group psychotherapy is a form of treatment with distinct advantages for assisting learning disabled adolescents whose perceptual problems and subsequent inability to correctly perceive social cues have led to difficulties in interpersonal relationships and to antisocial behavior. A brief description of short-term psychotherapy groups and specific information about how the group was conducted is furnished. The rationale outlined regarding the utility of group psychotherapy with learning disabled adolescents is illustrated by two clinical case vignettes which depict how the group process facilitated positive changes in the interpersonal skills of these youngsters in a relatively brief period of time. PMID- 3232569 TI - Effectiveness of time-out: a comparison of psychiatric, correctional and day treatment programs. AB - The effectiveness of a time-out intervention for adolescent psychiatric patients, adjudicated (delinquent) youth, and behaviorally disordered youngsters was explored in this study. The research was conducted in three psychiatric hospitals for children and adolescents, a facility for adjudicated youth, and in a day treatment program. Utilizing a comparative outcome model, 813 occurrences of time out with 274 youth were investigated in order to assess levels of effectiveness. The results indicated that time-out had a significant impact, and the use of a child-care specialist as time-out monitor improves overall effectiveness. Important implications for practicing professionals and clinical researchers are noted. PMID- 3232570 TI - Abortion in adolescence. AB - Sexual attitudes and behavior of adolescent females have been the topic of much interest over the past decade. Feelings about contraception, conception, and abortion have been described in relation to the adolescents' beliefs about the possibility of becoming pregnant, who will or will not "protect" them, and the influence of significant others on their decision making. This study explores differences in 35 women who had abortions during their teenage years with 36 women whose abortions occurred after the age of twenty. A demographic questionnaire, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory were completed by women who were members of a patient-led support group. Premorbid psychiatric histories, the decision-making process itself, and distressing symptoms postabortion are reported. Specific differences in perceptions of coercion, preabortion suicidal ideation, and nightmares post abortion were found in the adolescent group. Antisocial and paranoid personality disorders as well as drug abuse and psychotic delusions were found to be significantly higher in the group who aborted as teenagers. Hypotheses regarding the influences of adolescent development on mother/child relationships, power struggles, and the use of fantasy as a coping device are explored. PMID- 3232571 TI - A study of the intensity and frequency of crisis intervention for students enrolled in a school for the severely emotionally disturbed. AB - The present study explored the characteristics of students with a marked need for disciplinary crisis intervention (a modified time-out procedure). The study's sample consisted of 62 adolescents enrolled at a school serving the severely emotionally disturbed. Data on student background characteristics (IQ, academic achievement), behavioral adjustment, and sociometric ratings were gathered and related to intensity and frequency of crisis intervention. Data were subjected to correlational and multiple regression statistical procedures. One noteworthy finding is that students with a pronounced need for crisis intervention were rejected by their peers, yet indicated having positive perceptions of them. However, the central finding is that students with strong crisis intervention needs displayed a range of behaviors that can be characterized as a disturbance in conduct. Thus, this study supports the use of therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing behavioral control for these students. PMID- 3232572 TI - A survey of referral activities of agencies serving adolescents. AB - The referral activities of 373 agencies (38.4% of the sample originally polled) are presented with regard to health care, educational, and social services for teenagers residing in a midwestern metropolitan area. Approximately 66% of the responding agencies receive referrals from without and 87% make referrals to other organizations, with counseling and psychiatry, family planning, and general medical care being the most commonly sought services. Social service agencies had the highest volume of referrals and hospitals the lowest. The results of the survey are discussed in terms of the official recommendations made for coordinated services for teenagers, predicted cutbacks in preventive services, and the special needs of adolescents. PMID- 3232573 TI - General self-esteem of adolescents from ethnic minorities in The Netherlands and the reflected appraisal process. AB - This article examines the question of how the lack of differences in general self esteem between adolescents of ethnic minorities and Dutch adolescents can be explained. Attention is focused on the reflected appraisal process. It was found that for adolescents of ethnic minorities there is a significant relationship between general self-esteem and the perceived evaluation of family members, and no such relationship with nonfamily members. For the Dutch adolescents the findings are the opposite, which may explain why adolescents of ethnic minorities in general do not have lower general self-esteem, despite low status, prejudice, and discrimination. PMID- 3232574 TI - Psychological concomitants of cystic fibrosis in children and adolescents. AB - Thirty cystic fibrosis (CF) and 30 matched control children and their parents were administered several psychiatric inventories including the child (DICA) and parent (DICA-P) versions of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents, the Child Behavior Check List, the Hopelessness Scale, and the Piers Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Data analysis revealed few differences in either psychopathological symptoms or psychiatric diagnoses between the CF and control children. The differences which did emerge were either physical in nature (reflecting somatic complaints) or did not depart enough from normal scores to merit the label of high psychopathology. The results are discussed in terms of the growing evidence that CF children do not suffer from greater psychopathology than do normal children. PMID- 3232575 TI - Runaways who will run away again ? AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if there are significant differences between first-time and recidivist runaway residents of a county center for juvenile status offenders. A total of 149 subjects (34 males and 115 females) between the ages of 12 and 16 were administered the Reading section of the High School Personality Questionnaire. Demography data were obtained from each subject's intake interview form. A stepwise multiple discrimination analysis resulted in the selection of 8 variables that discriminate between first-time and recidivist runaways. The 8 discriminant variables characterized the recidivist runaway as an urban, Caucasian youth who has had previous contact with an agency, has stayed at the center an average of 13.6 days, has lower general intelligence, is less objective and less self-sufficient, and is at risk of becoming psychotic or delinquent. PMID- 3232577 TI - Adolescents' perceptions of and feelings about control and responsibility in their lives. AB - This paper describes a hypothesis-generating study which merges a review of past conceptualizations and research (done mainly with children) with the results of a semistructured interview designed to distinguish between perceptions of control and responsibility in adolescents. Eight female and eight male freshmen and seniors from a middle-class high school in suburban Virginia were interviewed concerning their views and feelings of control and responsibility. They also rated themselves on a scale of 0 to 10 in eight areas of their lives on how much in control and how responsible they felt for things that happened in those areas and, in general, how satisfied they were with their lives. Pearson product-moment correlations showed that feelings of responsibility and control were highly correlated for this group, as were feelings of control and life satisfaction. Although the relationship between responsibility and life satisfaction was not significant for the total group, it was significant for the eight seniors. Students were further questioned concerning recent decisions they had made and who they felt had control over them and were responsible for them. In general, adolescents ascribed control and responsibility to the same source, but they seldom described shared control or responsibility. Implications for the development of social responsibility as well as future research are discussed. PMID- 3232576 TI - Adolescent pregnancy and infant mortality: isolating the effects of race. AB - Researchers continue to accept the untested assumption that the difference between black and white infant mortality rates is largely attributable to race linked differences in teenage pregnancies (Wise, 1984). The basic notion is that the inordinately high black teenage pregnancy rate (because of its association with low birth weight births) accounts for this difference. This paper tests this key assumption directly and finds only partial support for it. It then argues that the key to the black-white difference in infant mortality is poverty, not teenage pregnancy. Using data from the state of North Carolina, the results suggest that poverty, not race, plays the crucial role in infant mortality. PMID- 3232578 TI - Dropouts speak out: qualitative data on early school departures. AB - From interviews conducted in the home, qualitative data were obtained from 374 urban high school dropouts concerning their primary reason for leaving school early. Female and male respondents of five ethnic groups answered closed- and open-ended questions concerning their (1) dropout history, (2) reasons for leaving school, (3) feelings about various aspects of the high school experience, (4) past and present activities, (5) academic and general future plans, (6) reflections about school, and (7) recommendations for school improvement. PMID- 3232579 TI - The relationship of self-esteem, maternal employment, and work-family plans to sex role orientations of late adolescents. AB - Self-esteem, maternal employment, and work-family plans are examined in relation to sex role orientations of late adolescents. Data are analyzed from questionnaires administered to 387 males and females. It was found that future work-family plans were closely tied to sex role orientations of adolescents of both sexes. However, self-esteem, evaluation of the relative difficulty of male female sex roles, and projected childlessness were salient to sex role attitudes of females but not of males. Positive evaluations of self were related to non traditional sex role orientations among females. Maternal employment differentially affected male and female children. Sons of women in high-status occupations were reluctant to get involved in a two-career family with children. Mothers' occupational status had little influence on the plans or sex role attitudes of daughters. The results indicate that future research should investigate whether maternal employment in high-status occupations, while providing a wider range of acceptable models for girls, may serve as a negative model for boys. PMID- 3232580 TI - The case for modifying adolescents' cognitive self-statements. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a cognitive behavior modification program designed to change adolescents' self-statements and increase their levels of self-esteem. Subjects were 27 ninth graders, 18 in the experimental group and 9 in the no-contact control group. Students in the experimental group were given 14 hours of training designed to modify their self statements to be more positive. Results indicated a significant increase in positive self-statements for the experimental group as compared with the control group immediately after training and three months following training. There were no significant changes in self-esteem. Discussion focused on the relative merits of the program and on the implications of the findings for future research. PMID- 3232581 TI - Aesthetic aspects in reconstructive surgery of the nose. AB - Using several cases that demonstrate partial or total reconstruction of the nose, the author discusses the necessity of not only a complete functional but an aesthetically acceptable end result of the surgery. Sophisticated surgical refinements of the complex anatomic structures of the nasal tip alae and columella are strongly emphasized, with a first-time description of a newly devised forehead compound island flap for nasal reconstruction. PMID- 3232582 TI - Aesthetic rhinoplasty in early adolescence. AB - Aesthetic rhinoplasty was performed on a small number of select youngsters who were less than 14 years old. During the early years of the clinical study only patients with a significant anatomic deformity and a very strong desire for surgery to correct it were accepted for surgery. There was close postoperative followup. In no case was recurrence of pathology noted and no additional surgery was performed. The psychological benefit that the surgery afforded during puberty, a very critical time in emotional development, was found to be significant. PMID- 3232583 TI - Apex columellar cartilage graft. AB - The classical rhinoplasty techniques do not give the best results when used on thick skin noses. We have developed a new technique, apex columellar cartilage graft, for correcting nasal tip projection in thick skin noses. PMID- 3232584 TI - The comma-shaped tip cartilage graft. AB - Conventional onlay grafts of cartilage to the tip, columella, and alar margin provide valuable techniques for the refinement of minor deformities in both primary and secondary rhinoplasty. However, they cannot produce a full restoration of the dynamic anatomy of the lower lateral cartilages, which give forward thrust and arch support to the tip and nostril margins. For these grosser problems another graft design has been devised by the author. A report is given of the successful use of a comma-shaped septal graft used for over five years in selected cases of secondary rhinoplasty. The graft replaces the deficient lateral crus and alar dome and is sculpted and then sprung into position so that it restores function and gives the desired aesthetic effect. PMID- 3232585 TI - Augmentation rhinoplasty. AB - Augmentation rhinoplasty using a silicone implant is the most popular operation in Japan, but is not without several complications such as exposure of the implant and its deviation. We obtained good results in preventing these complications by a fixation at the hollow which is made by chiseling the frontal bone and by fibrous tissue which grows through the small holes of the implant tail. PMID- 3232586 TI - Habitual physical inertia and other factors in relation to risk of fracture of the proximal femur. AB - Physical inactivity is associated with low bone mass in adults, and might therefore be a risk factor for proximal femoral fracture in old age. This hypothesis was tested in a case-control study of 139 selected patients with confirmed proximal femoral fracture and 139 age- and sex-matched community controls, using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Patients had been significantly less physically active in middle age than had controls, a difference that was greater in the younger subjects. It is suggested that the progressive decrease during the present century in the amount of physical activity associated with everyday life has resulted in increased numbers of elderly people being at risk of femoral fracture and may be the cause of the rises in age-specific incidence rates now being observed. If this explanation is correct, a planned increase in leisure-time physical activity in middle age and beyond may be the most effective method of preventing these fractures. PMID- 3232587 TI - Clostridium difficile in acute and long-stay elderly patients. AB - A recent report suggested that Clostridium difficile (Cl. difficile) was endemic in chronic-care facilities. We have examined the prevalence of Cl. difficile carriage in 67 patients in a large geriatric hospital. Cl. difficile was sought by both toxin and culture methods, but was not detected in the stools of any patient. These findings suggest that Cl. difficile is not part of the normal faecal flora in elderly in-patients. PMID- 3232588 TI - Hepatic stores of retinol and retinyl esters in elderly people. AB - Post-mortem concentrations of hepatic retinol and retinyl esters were determined in 40 subjects aged over 65 years to assess the effects of disease and malnutrition on vitamin A reserves. Three groups of patients (mean age 79.6 years) were studied: (1) previously healthy, (2) chronically ill, (3) chronically ill and wasted. There was no significant difference in height or age between the groups, but group 3 was lighter than both group 1 (P less than 0.001) and group 2 (P less than 0.05). Free retinol and retinyl esters were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography, and the total hepatic retinol calculated. Analysis of variance showed that the three groups differed significantly (P less than 0.02) with regard to total retinol, retinyl palmitate and total retinyl ester content. PMID- 3232589 TI - Impaired coagulation in accidental hypothermia of the elderly. AB - Six elderly patients with accidental hypothermia were prospectively evaluated for impaired coagulation. All patients had abnormal coagulation profiles. Three patients with severe coagulopathies and serious underlying conditions died while hypothermic. Despite investigation, no cause for disordered coagulation was found in four patients. We conclude that hypothermia per se contributes to disordered coagulation in the elderly. PMID- 3232590 TI - Barium enema and bowel pathology. PMID- 3232592 TI - Proceedings of the 5th ISVEE. International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics. Copenhagen, Denmark, 25-29 July 1988. PMID- 3232591 TI - Causes of ataxia in patients attending a falls laboratory. PMID- 3232593 TI - The application of a computerised recording system to smallholder dairy extension in Malaysia. PMID- 3232594 TI - Factors associated with the levels of immunoglobulin in colostrum of cows and serum of their new-born calves. PMID- 3232595 TI - Relationship of body condition score and changes in condition score with health, reproductive performance and productivity in New York holstein dairy herds. PMID- 3232596 TI - Toward developing an instrument for measuring milking management practices. PMID- 3232597 TI - Epidemiological research of African swine fever (ASF) in Portugal: the role of vectors and virus reservoirs. PMID- 3232598 TI - Epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in northern Australia. PMID- 3232599 TI - Using individual somatic cell counts to help diagnose herd mastitis problems. PMID- 3232600 TI - Field trials with Exhelm (morantel tartrate) and vitamin A in sheep in Niger. PMID- 3232601 TI - Epidemiologic technology transfer from rich areas of the world to poor areas. PMID- 3232602 TI - A study of the transmission of bovine virus diarrhoea virus between and within cattle herds. PMID- 3232603 TI - Multifactorial analysis of return to oestrus and low litter size in the sow. PMID- 3232604 TI - Risk factors for the disorders of the mammary gland in dairy cattle. PMID- 3232605 TI - Environmental and behavioural factors affecting the prevalence of lameness in New Zealand dairy herds--a case-control study. PMID- 3232606 TI - Development of animal disease data bank in Malaysia. PMID- 3232607 TI - The impact of a computerised dairy information system on large dairy farms in Malaysia. PMID- 3232608 TI - Fecal culture of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle using a centrifugation specimen processing step. PMID- 3232609 TI - An epidemiological study of paratuberculosis in Ontario dairy cattle: study design and lipoarabinomannan antigen ELISA test results. PMID- 3232610 TI - Surveillance for brucellosis using a skin test of low sensitivity. PMID- 3232611 TI - The western Australian pig health monitoring scheme. PMID- 3232612 TI - Herd health and reproduction data in smaller dairy herds--computer assisted representation and analysis. PMID- 3232613 TI - The California Turkey Project. PMID- 3232614 TI - Association of management with disease incidence rates in Colorado beef herds. PMID- 3232615 TI - Users and uses of the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System data: the Michigan example. PMID- 3232616 TI - The use of geographical information systems in estimating East Coast fever risk to African livestock. PMID- 3232617 TI - APHIN--animal productivity and health information network. PMID- 3232618 TI - Chronic pleurisy in pigs: the relationship between weight, age and frequency in 3 conventional herds. PMID- 3232619 TI - Remote recognition of Amblyomma variegatum habitats in Guadeloupe using LANDSAT TM imagery. PMID- 3232620 TI - The national Swedish animal disease recording system. PMID- 3232621 TI - Swine ascariasis: impact on production and abattoir surveillance. PMID- 3232622 TI - Poultry health surveillance using routinely collected production data. PMID- 3232623 TI - Descriptive analysis of diagnostic test results of quarantined pigs and cattle imported into the People's Republic of China from the United States. PMID- 3232624 TI - Effect of pH, NaCl, temperature and time of incubation on the probability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth initiation in a model broth. PMID- 3232625 TI - The companion animal as a sentinel for environmentally related human diseases. PMID- 3232626 TI - The occurrence and variation of organochlorine pesticide residues detected in Australian livestock at slaughter. PMID- 3232627 TI - Studies on the delivery of oral rabies vaccines to wildlife and dog populations. PMID- 3232629 TI - The epidemiology and control of rabies in South Africa. PMID- 3232628 TI - Epidemiological evaluation of the Salmonella-controlling effect of a nationwide use of a competitive exclusion culture in poultry. PMID- 3232631 TI - An epidemiological investigation of pet ownership in south central Ontario, Canada. PMID- 3232630 TI - An epidemiological investigation of farms with Potomac horse fever (equine monocytic ehrlichiosis). PMID- 3232632 TI - The effect of sampling associated disturbances on physiological responses of field-tested rainbow trout. PMID- 3232633 TI - Development and validation of multivariable models to predict the need for surgery and prognosis in equine colic patients. PMID- 3232634 TI - Epidemiological studies of musculoskeletal racing and training injuries in Thoroughbred horses, Minnesota, U.S.A. PMID- 3232635 TI - Conceptual affinities in veterinary epidemiology and economics. PMID- 3232636 TI - Epidemiological and economic evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease control strategies, using a Markov chain spreadsheet model. PMID- 3232637 TI - Use of statistical modelling and decision analysis to estimate financial losses due to dystocia and other diseases in Swedish cattle. PMID- 3232638 TI - Dynamic programming approach to evaluating the economic impact of disease on production. PMID- 3232640 TI - Consequences for swine farm income of depopulation as a disease control measure. PMID- 3232639 TI - Evaluating the national impact of food animal diseases. PMID- 3232641 TI - Effective use of slaughter checks to determine economic losses from morbidity in swine. PMID- 3232642 TI - Economic impact of the use of prostaglandin to induce estrus in dairy cows. PMID- 3232643 TI - Persistence of African swine fever (ASF) in relation to the economic environment. PMID- 3232644 TI - The economics of trypanosomiasis control in western Zambia. PMID- 3232645 TI - Economic analysis of the development and usage of thermoresistant rinderpest vaccine. PMID- 3232646 TI - Economic value of vitamin A and Exhelm (morantel tartrate) in sheep in Niger. PMID- 3232647 TI - A model for the epidemiological and economic evaluation of Newcastle disease of village poultry in South-East Asia and its control using heat tolerant V4 vaccine. PMID- 3232648 TI - Estimation of direct and indirect losses due to Johnes disease in New South Wales, Australia. PMID- 3232649 TI - Economic impact of urogenital diseases in the gilt: the use of portfolio theory to minimize economic risk associated with post-epidemic breeding management. PMID- 3232650 TI - Analytical models of the national herd: factors controlling calf-mortality and their effects on the rural economy. PMID- 3232651 TI - Back to the future: the animal health monitoring system--a political necessity being addressed in the United States. PMID- 3232652 TI - The use of survival analysis to quantitate days open: advantages and applications. PMID- 3232653 TI - Evaluation of alternatives for calculating clinical mastitis prevalence and incidence from prospective animal health monitoring schemes. PMID- 3232654 TI - Statistical analysis of binary data from matched designs that require multiple observations on the same herd, litter or animal. PMID- 3232655 TI - An application of multi-objective linear programming for the achievement of breeding goals in herd health programs. PMID- 3232656 TI - Behavior of the Breslow-Storer model in a prospective study on retained placenta in dairy cows. PMID- 3232657 TI - The analysis of individual animal risk for animals sampled in clusters. PMID- 3232658 TI - The enigma of herd: a comparison of different models to account for group effects in multiple logistic regression analysis. PMID- 3232659 TI - Potential benefits of computerized support for culling decisions in dairy herds, assessed by stochastic simulation. PMID- 3232660 TI - Path analysis using logistic regression: interpretational and methodologic issues. PMID- 3232661 TI - Influence of management factors on the occurrence of antibiotic residues in milk: a case-control study in Michigan dairy herds, with examples of suspected information bias. PMID- 3232662 TI - Simple mathematical modelling of brucellosis in Portuguese dairy herds. PMID- 3232663 TI - Replacement of missing values in time series data by Kalman smoothed estimators using state-space modeling. PMID- 3232664 TI - Modern methods of public health practice; exclusion of food-borne pathogens. PMID- 3232665 TI - The analysis of variance adjustment to chi-square tests when there is litter or herd correlation in surveys or field trials. PMID- 3232667 TI - Examining the impact of different health levels and management strategies on dairy heifer production through computer simulation. PMID- 3232666 TI - Grounded theory--collection and analysis of qualitative data in a preliminary research investigation. PMID- 3232668 TI - Veterinary clinical research: a survey of epidemiologic study designs and clinical issues appearing in a practice journal. PMID- 3232669 TI - Multilevel training activities in veterinary epidemiology and economics in developing countries. PMID- 3232670 TI - The economic analysis of livestock disease: the developing framework. PMID- 3232671 TI - Statistical analysis of life time data in the veterinary sciences. PMID- 3232672 TI - Teaching epidemiology in Alfort Veterinary School. PMID- 3232673 TI - The future of veterinary epidemiology and economics. PMID- 3232674 TI - Dairy heifer health management and growth programming in an intensive agricultural environment. PMID- 3232675 TI - Brucellosis of cattle in Nigeria: proposals for a control program under intensive and extensive husbandry systems. PMID- 3232676 TI - Alabama commitment process survey of petitioners. PMID- 3232677 TI - Breast cancer screening in mobile. PMID- 3232678 TI - Sex differences in drug and alcohol use among ethnic groups in Laos, 1965-1975. AB - Laos in the period 1965-1975 provided an opportunity to study sex differences in drug and alcohol use, as influenced by ethnicity. Several psychoactive substances were locally consumed, including opium, heroin, alcohol, tobacco, betel-areca, and cannabis. Much diversity occurred among the various ethnic groups with regard to male-female use of drugs and alcohol. Trends in these use patterns suggested the existence of certain principles which govern the male-female dimension of drug use. Social changes going on in the society were reflected in choice of substance forms by younger people as compared to their elders (e.g., cigarettes vs pipes or cigars, heroin vs opium, manufactured vs village-produced alcohol). Ecological factors, which contributed to drug availability, also were powerful in determining type of drugs and patterns of use. PMID- 3232679 TI - Illicit methamphetamine: analysis, synthesis, and availability. AB - Methamphetamine has been marketed illicitly since the 1960s. Much of the street material was illicitly synthesized. Although methamphetamine quality was variable in the past decade, it has emerged since 1978 as the only street stimulant which is likely to contain what it purports to contain. Although there is a small volume of legitimate methamphetamine still made by the pharmaceutical industry, most material analyzed by street-drug laboratories appears to have been illegitimately synthesized and not diverted. For a decade, relatively little methamphetamine was submitted to street-drug analytical labs. In recent years, although the absolute volume of methamphetamine submissions changed little, this drug made up the bulk of alleged stimulant samples submitted to such facilities because of the paucity of amphetamine submissions. Methamphetamine synthesis and use appears to constitute a small but continuing portion of the illicit drug market. PMID- 3232680 TI - Personality, drug use, and early attrition from substance abuse treatment. AB - This study examined the relationships among demographics, personality variables, drug use, and early attrition from substance abuse treatment. Attrition was considered at two time intervals; immediately (after one visit) and after 2 months. One hundred consecutive admissions to a community drug-abuse treatment center were given the MCMI and the SCL-90R following a standard intake interview. Subjects were classified according to their primary drug of abuse, yielding 16 opiate, 16 amphetamine, 34 cocaine, and 29 marijuana abusers. ANOVA's, ANCOVA's, and chi-squares were performed to compare characteristics of the different groups. Immediate Dropouts were less likely to be court mandated than Remainers, but were not different on any other demographic or drug use variable. Remainers had higher scores than Immediate Dropouts on 7 MCMI scales. A significant interaction between drug type, symptom severity, and early attrition was found for amphetamine abusers with high levels of subjective distress as measured by the SCL-90R. These clients dropped out earlier than amphetamine abusers without elevated SCL-90R scores. Analysis also indicated that Long-Term Remainers were less likely to be employed than Dropouts. All other comparisons between these groups failed to produce significant differences. This study confirms earlier research which found a high rate of early attrition from treatment with substance abusing clients. Results also indicate that severity of psychopathology is not key in predicting attrition; it is more the nature of the disorder that influences client dropout. It is argued that continuation in community treatment is problematic for most substances abusers, and treatment facilities should routinely employ attrition prevention procedures. PMID- 3232681 TI - Social support network of adolescents: relation to family alcohol abuse. AB - While there is considerable literature examining the relationship between the social functioning and alcohol abuse of adults, less is known about the social resources of adolescents in relation to their drinking or that of their parents. Various sources of social support were examined among 187 male and female adolescents from alcohol-abusing and nonabusing populations. Adolescent groups were divided into those whose family history was positive for alcohol abuse and those whose family history was negative for alcohol abuse. The data indicate that teens with alcoholic parents were less likely to identify their parents as a source of support than teens from nonabusing families. Alcohol-abusing teens appear to rely on friends more, and parents less, than demographically comparable nonabusing teens. Teens with abusing parents reported less parental support and more sibling support than teens from nonabusing families. The theoretical relevance of these findings as well as the implications for both abusing adolescents and nonabusing adolescent offspring of alcoholics are discussed. PMID- 3232682 TI - Alcoholism, Alcoholics Anonymous attendance, and outcome in a prison system. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between attendance at meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and follow-up status in a sample of prison inmates. Subjects (N = 102) were administered three self-report measures of alcoholism: the MAST, CAGE, and Rosett Quantity-Frequency tests. AA attendance during incarceration was recorded. One-year follow-up status, ranging from transfer to a more secure facility to discharge from the prison system, was used as an outcome indicator. ResuLts revealed that 56% of the subjects met the criteria for alcoholism on at least one measure, and that scores on the alcoholism measures were significantly correlated with AA attendance. Thus, the most severe alcoholics were the best AA attenders. The hypothesis that greater AA attendance would predict follow-up outcome was not confirmed. However, the extent of drinking reported prior to admission (average alcohol quantity per week) was related to security status at 1-year follow-up. The greater the drinking quantity, the more likely the inmate was to be in a more secure facility. Possible explanations for the findings and the need for a longer follow-up period are discussed. PMID- 3232683 TI - Railroad workers with pleural plaques: I. Spirometric and nitrogen washout investigation on smoking and nonsmoking asbestos-exposed workers. AB - Eighty-seven workers exposed to asbestos in a railroad car repair shop, with characteristic asbestos-induced pleural plaques, underwent extensive lung function examination. Vital capacity (VC) showed the greatest reduction among the static lung volumes, with an asymmetrical distribution of one-fourth of the subjects below 80% of the predicted value. Logistic regression demonstrated VC to be sufficient for optimal discrimination of asbestos-exposed subjects from a group of matched controls. No further discriminatory power was gained by additional spirometric measures, lung mechanics, blood gas analysis, or diffusing capacity. Smoking had an influence on dynamic but not on static lung volumes. In conclusion, reduced static lung volumes among smoking asbestos-exposed workers with pleural plaques should, in the absence of other lung diseases, be mainly attributed to the asbestos exposure. PMID- 3232684 TI - Railroad workers with pleural plaques: II. Small airway dysfunction among asbestos-exposed workers. AB - Increased volume of trapped gas (VTG) was found in 87 asbestos-exposed railroad repair shop workers, divided into three subgroups according to smoking habits. All the examined subjects had pleural plaques. Determination of VTG was used to study function of small airways. Increased VTG was found among asbestos-exposed smokers as well as nonsmokers. In both groups the VTG:TLC ratio was elevated compared with controls. Increased VTG is a sign of small airways dysfunction. In asbestos-exposed subjects, it might be caused by an early peribronchial reaction to inhaled asbestos fibers. PMID- 3232685 TI - Acute nonlymphatic leukemia among deck officers on coastal tankers: a report of two cases. AB - Deck officers on coastal tankers may be exposed to high concentrations of cargo vapors during loading and tank-cleaning operations. Two cases of acute nonlymphatic leukemia are described. Both men had worked as chief officers on coastal tankers transporting benzene and other petroleum products. PMID- 3232686 TI - B cell neoplasms and occupational asbestos exposure. AB - To evaluate the etiologic role of asbestos exposure in B cell neoplasms, we compared the estimated level of occupational exposure to asbestos of cases with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; N = 429) and multiple myeloma (MM; N = 698) with that of controls (N = 1,683). Cases were identified through four population based cancer registries in the U.S. and controls were randomly selected from the same geographic areas. Exposure to asbestos was assessed by classifying each job held by a subject into one of four categories, based on the estimated intensity of exposure to asbestos. Evidence was found for a modest increasing risk of CLL with increasing asbestos exposure. Relative to persons with no known occupational exposure to asbestos, the risk for CLL was 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.8-1.6) for low, 1.2 (CI = 0.8-1.8) for medium, and 1.4 (CI = 0.8-2.3) for high peak asbestos exposure (p value for trend = 0.13). The association was strongest in white study subjects and in those individuals exposed 10 to 19 years prior to the interview. No association was observed between MM and occupational exposure to asbestos in the entire study population or within specific subgroups. Given the pattern of immunologic abnormalities that occur with increased frequency in asbestos-exposed persons, our observation of an association between occupational asbestos exposure and CLL deserves attention in subsequent studies. PMID- 3232687 TI - Bladder cancer among workers in the textile industry: results of a Spanish case control study. AB - This paper presents results from a case-control study carried out in the county of Mataro, Spain. The study was designed to investigate the possible causes of an unusually high mortality rate from bladder cancer in Mataro county as compared to Spain as a whole, and this report focuses on occupational exposures. The study is based on 57 cases who were hospitalized for or died from bladder cancer between 1978 and 1981. Two controls per case were matched for sex, age, residence, and date of either hospitalization or death. Information was collected on smoking, coffee drinking, and occupation. Occupational histories were then evaluated and coded blind by a group of occupational health physicians. Analyses were carried out by means of conditional logistic regression. Among a group of common occupational sectors, an increased risk for past employment in the textile industry (OR = 2.2; p = .038) was found. Further analyses indicated that the risk is particularly elevated (OR = 4.41; 95% confidence limits; 1.15-16.84) for subjects who worked in dyeing or printing and who were most probably exposed to azo-dyes. Exposure in the textile industry may be responsible for 16% of the bladder cancers in the Mataro area. A list of dyes commonly used in the Mataro textile industries was compiled and cross-checked with lists of substances tested or evaluated for carcinogenesis. PMID- 3232688 TI - Validity and reliability of a method for retrospective evaluation of chlorophenate exposure in the lumber industry. AB - This paper describes the validity and reliability of a method to retrospectively assess exposure to antisapstain agents used in sawmills (chlorophenates). The method is based on experienced workers' estimates of exposure for each job title at the sawmill where they work. At a pilot mill, 10 randomly selected workers estimated the frequency and duration of exposures to chlorophenates for all 59 job titles. The reliability of their mean exposure estimates was very high, with an intraclass correlation coefficient for all raters of 0.91 (based on a calculated index of exposure). To assess validity, urinary chlorophenate levels were measured for 86% of the workers at the mill during the summer and/or fall, and compared to experienced workers' estimates of exposure. The correlation between workers' exposure estimates and the urinary chlorophenate levels for each job title were consistently above 0.65 for all analyses and greater than 0.72 when summer and fall urine sample results were averaged. The evidence indicates that the validity and reliability of worker exposure estimates are high enough to justify investigation of the method's generalizability to other sawmills. PMID- 3232689 TI - The nature and significance of the corporate influence on threshold limit values. PMID- 3232690 TI - Upgrading occupational epidemiology and standard setting by improved exposure monitoring. PMID- 3232691 TI - Response to "Corporate Influence on Threshold Limit Values". PMID- 3232692 TI - The genetics of secrecy in adoption, artificial insemination, and in vitro fertilization. AB - In light of the significant role that heredity plays in many disease processes, statutes requiring strict secrecy with regard to medical records in cases of adoption, artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization should be reassessed. In adoption cases, attitudes concerning the adoptee's ancestry have progressed over the century, but adoptees still are unable to access their records. The problem of inaccessibility is also apparent in medical genetics clinics where valuable genetic information, necessary for an accurate diagnosis, is unavailable to the clinic, the adoptive parents, and the birth parents. A uniform law which responds to these interests and problems should be promulgated. This Note discusses the need for better access to and availability of medical records. The Note proposes a Uniform Act and suggests that, at a minimum, it include a scheme for regulating the donation of genetic material, strong record keeping requirements with respect to family histories and pedigrees, and finally, an open access provision for certain information for both children and parents. PMID- 3232693 TI - Assessment of reproductive risks and intentions by mothers of children with hemophilia. AB - Thirty-five mothers of children with hemophilia were studied in order to ascertain the impact of hemophilia on family planning. Attitudes about reproductive risks and prenatal diagnosis were also examined. The most important factors influencing family planning in this group were parental fulfillment and availability of medical care and education for their affected child. Although 79% of mothers viewed their reproductive risk as moderate to very high, 57% indicated that their reproductive plans had not changed even with this knowledge. While 43% of the group would consider prenatal diagnosis, only 17% would terminate a pregnancy if the fetus was found to have hemophilia. Of those interested in prenatal diagnosis, the majority were interested in knowing if the fetus was affected but would not consider termination of the pregnancy. The majority of mothers in the group did not view having a child with hemophilia as an insurmountable burden on their lives. Therefore, the disease appeared to have little impact on family planning. PMID- 3232694 TI - Holzgreve-Wagner-Rehder syndrome: Potter sequence associated with persistent buccopharyngeal membrane. A second observation. AB - Here we present a second example of the syndrome first reported by Holzgreve et al. [1984] in this journal, i.e., Potter sequence with persistent buccopharyngeal membrane type II, postaxial polydactyly, cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, intestinal nonfixation, and intrauterine growth retardation. This specific complex MCA syndrome is not associated with a detectable chromosome abnormality. PMID- 3232695 TI - Cleft lip and handedness: a study of laterality. AB - Research on the malformation cleft lip with or without cleft of the palate is complex and may involve studies of etiology, pathogenesis, natural history, and other disease associations. One of the more intriguing areas of study is developmental lateralization. The 3 extant reports of the relationship between laterality of cleft lip and handedness are in conflict. The purpose of the present study is an attempt to resolve the confusion and to explore possible hypotheses that could explain the data. A random sample of 149 probands with unilateral cleft lip +/- palate was ascertained from 2 Los Angeles area hospitals. Laterality of clefting and handedness was determined for each, the former by inspection and the latter by the method of Oldfield [1971]. Information was also obtained on the nuclear family about the number of sibs, presence of clefting, and handedness of the probands' parents. The probability of non-right handedness (NRH) was much greater for probands with left-sided cleft lip than those with right-sided cleft lips; this was independent of the proband's sex. The cleft lip laterality in probands was independent of parental handedness, suggesting that the significantly increased frequency of left-sided clefting and NRH is embryologic in origin and may have a common etiology and/or pathogenesis. Several explanations are proposed and discussed. PMID- 3232696 TI - The ascertainment sampling problem and estimation of genetic parameters when parental haplotypes are known. AB - Comparisons of bias and standard errors of genetic parameter estimates arising from various estimation procedures are made by using contrived genetic data in which parental haplotypes are known in addition to the haplotypes of affected sibs. These comparisons show that knowledge of parental haplotypes can reduce standard errors of genetic parameter estimates by between 10% and 45% as compared to estimates when parental information is not available. The added information does not appear to change the standard errors of ascertainment-assumption-free estimates relative to those from classical methods. This implies that the decision to accept possible bias arising from a classical estimation method or to accept slightly increased standard errors under an ascertainment-assumption-free approach is comparable to that involved when parental haplotypes are unknown. PMID- 3232697 TI - Genetic and environmental components of serum creatine kinase (CK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) in normal twins: implication for genetic risks estimates in Duchenne muscular dystrophy carriers. AB - The serum activity of creatine kinase (CK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) was measured in 98 pairs of same-sex Brazilian twins. The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic and environmental components of serum activity levels for both enzymes. Heritabilities were estimated separately by path analysis in each sex. The results showed that CK and PK activities are under genetic control in normal males and females. Environmental components were not statistically significant for CK or PK. The genetic component of both enzymes estimated in females has implications in the calculation of genetic risks for Duchenne muscular dystrophy carriers. PMID- 3232698 TI - Bleeding diathesis in Noonan syndrome: a common association. AB - The Noonan syndrome (NS) is a multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) syndrome with well-known manifestations. Excessive bleeding has been described occasionally. We report on 19 patients with NS and a bleeding diathesis. Several different defects are identified in the coagulation and platelet systems occurring singly or in combination. Clinical expression is variable. It is concluded that bleeding diatheses occur in NS at a much higher frequency than previously suspected. Consideration is given to possible relationship to underlying metabolic defects which could explain the diverse nature of the bleeding diatheses and also play a role in the pathogenesis of NS. The variety of bleeding diatheses may also reflect heterogeneity within NS. NS patients frequently undergo surgery with increased risk of bleeding. Appropriate evaluation and management is discussed. Evaluation of all NS patients and their families for bleeding disorders should provide important information about the frequency and type of bleeding diatheses which occur and perhaps help to clarify the etiology and pathogenesis of NS. PMID- 3232699 TI - Marfan syndrome: neuropsychological aspects. AB - We evaluated the neurodevelopmental status and cognitive ability of 30 school-age children with Marfan syndrome. We found average intellectual (mean full scale IQ = 109.3) and gross motor development. Fifty percent had one or more neuropsychologic deficits: learning disability (LD) (13%), attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADD +/- H) (17%), neuromaturational immaturity (NMI) (10%), and a performance IQ score different from their verbal score by more than 20 points (30%). Patients with a large verbal-performance discrepancy, with one exception, scored lower on tests of performance, and particularly low on two subtests, object assembly and coding, compared with the rest of the patients (P less than 0.01). The factor most highly correlated with verbal-performance discrepancy was the severity of joint hypermobility (P = 0.02), which suggests that the depressed performance score was due, in part, to motor incoordination. Children with Marfan syndrome may be prone to neuropsychologic problems; the role of routine screening remains to be tested. Those with hand-wrist hypermobility seem at particular risk for difficulties with tasks that involve writing and should receive careful evaluation in the classroom. Due to the high risk of aortic dilatation in these patients, if stimulant medications are considered for treatment of ADD +/- H, the risk of adverse sympathomimetic effect should be weighed against the potential benefit. PMID- 3232700 TI - Fechtner syndrome: clinical and genetic aspects. AB - Fechtner syndrome, a variant of Alport syndrome, was first reported by Peterson et al. [1985]. It is characterized by nephritis, hearing loss, eye abnormalities, macrothrombocytopenia, and leucocyte inclusions, present in varying combinations in several members of the same family. This is the second family reported; 16 relatives are affected. The clinical manifestations of the syndrome are delineated. The pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant. The hematologic abnormalities are similar to those detected in May Hegglin anomaly. They are present in every affected relative and may be present at birth. The feasibility of prenatal diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 3232701 TI - Very superior intelligence in a child with Noonan syndrome. AB - Psychological assessment documents very superior intelligence in a child with Noonan syndrome. PMID- 3232702 TI - Trisomy 18 with Cantrell pentalogy in a stillborn infant. AB - A 34-week stillborn infant had omphalocele, agenesis of the sternum and anterior rib cage, membranous diaphragms with eventration of the viscera, ectopia cordis with absence of the pericardium, and congenital heart defect. These findings are consistent with a diagnosis of Cantrell pentalogy. The presence of bilateral clubfeet, spina bifida, hydrocephalus, abnormal ears, and horseshoe kidneys suggested a chromosome abnormality. Chromosome analysis showed trisomy 18. Individuals with manifestations of Cantrell pentalogy deserve cytogenetic evaluation. PMID- 3232703 TI - Angular homeostasis II: Pursuit of a moving target in a plane and some implications for cardiac teratology. AB - A model of cardiac ontogenesis is analyzed. It is cast in terms of the geometry of the pursuit of a linearly moving target by the growth of a chain of cells in the same plane, the pursuer, which at each step adjusts its direction of growth towards the current position of the target. The endpoint is the fusion between them, which can occur in 2 modes: either by the leading cell of the pursuer catching up with the target (pursuer-mediated fusion, or PMF) or by the target running into the preformed side of the pursuer (target-mediated fusion, or TMF). The causal specifications are the step size, the speed of the pursuer, the speed of the target, the restoration constant, and the initial direction of the pursuer; the outcome variables are the number of steps to fusion and the mode of fusion. The pattern of behavior is complicated, being more-or-less regular over large tracts of values, interspersed with abrupt, threshold-like changes that may generate a dichotomous pattern of inheritance despite a continuous gradation of genetic or other causes. The temporary abolition of the correction process (a change introduced to simulate the pattern of the effect of a teratogen) may delay fusion and suggest how a septum may fail to fuse, the ductus arteriosus to close, or an endocardial cushion to form. But the model also predicts that under certain plausible conditions, the "teratogen" would speed up fusion and hence perhaps offset a genetic predisposition to a congenital defect. PMID- 3232704 TI - Preliminary communication: neuroanatomical variations of the posterior fossa in men with the fragile X (Martin-Bell) syndrome. AB - Four men with fragile X (fra (X], or Martin-Bell, syndrome were studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine whether detectable abnormalities of the cerebellum were present. The cerebellum was chosen because of the apparently increased tendency for fra (X) patients to demonstrate autistic behavior and accumulating evidence implicating cerebellar abnormalities in autism. Compared with a control group of four normal men, fra (X) patients had a significantly decreased area of the cerebellar vermis, particularly the posterior portion, on planimetric analysis in the midsagittal plane. The pons and fourth ventricular areas also were decreased and increased, respectively, in the fra (X) men. Neuroanatomical and animal research increasingly implicates the cerebellar vermis as an important component in functional brain systems subserving sensory and motor integration, learning, and modulation of affect, motivation, and social behavior. Thus, vermis dysfunction could account for many of the behavioral and cognitive abnormalities observed in fra (X) males, particularly those which overlap with the behavioral syndrome of autism. PMID- 3232705 TI - Idiopathic extrahepatic biliary atresia: recurrence in sibs in two families. AB - Since 1855, 11 instances of familial extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) have been described. Genetic, environmental, vascular, and infectious causes for this disorder have been proposed. We report on 2 families each with 2 sibs with EHBA. We suggest that a genetic susceptibility to an environmental insult to the biliary tree may be responsible for the genesis of this disease. PMID- 3232706 TI - Genetic prediction in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia. AB - S21 (DXS17) and pXG12 (DXS94), two probes linked to the locus of X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA), were used for genetic prediction in 13 such families. A method of allowing for nonallelic genetic heterogeneity was demonstrated in the calculation of the genetic risks, specifying a certain proportion of unlinked families. We further estimated the impact due to the uncertainty of the proportion of unlinked families on the final genetic risks in each family and this can be taken into account during genetic counselling. PMID- 3232707 TI - Severe congenital cutis laxa with pulmonary emphysema: a family with three affected sibs. AB - Clinical and morphologic findings in 3 sibs with congenital cutis laxa are presented. A severe urinary malformation in one affected infant is reported in detail. Elevated serum copper concentrations were observed in 2 of the sibs and in the healthy mother. However, the 64Cu uptake of fibroblast cells from tissue culture was not increased. Ultrastructural pathologic findings from skin biopsies have been studied and compared at birth and at age 2 years. The lack of junction between the 2 elastic fiber components was similar. Further evidence for clinical heterogeneity of this disease is stressed. PMID- 3232708 TI - Familial patterns of central nervous system dysfunction, growth deficiency, facial clefts and congenital megacolon: a specific disorder? PMID- 3232710 TI - Heterogeneity in familial hydrocephalus. PMID- 3232711 TI - Developmental pathogenesis of chromosome disorders: a final word. PMID- 3232709 TI - Autosomal recessive nonsyndromal hydrocephalus. PMID- 3232712 TI - Metacarpophalangeal pattern profile analysis in a patient with ring (9)/del(9p) mosaicism. PMID- 3232713 TI - Endolymphatic sac revision for recurrent Meniere's disease. AB - A subset of patients with intractable Meniere's disease had a good result for months or years following endolymphatic sac enhancement (ESE), only to develop recurrent symptoms of Meniere's disease, including vertigo and deafness. Revision procedures (ESR) revealed extrasaccular fibrosis or granulation tissue, osteoneogenesis, and aditus block syndrome resulting in saccular obstruction and a tight contiguous dura in 26 patients (4% of total ESE patients to date). Following ESR, symptoms and pathologic findings in the main were diminished; in one patient, useful hearing was restored from complete deafness. ESR provides another option for managing these recurrent problems, and most of our patients have continued to do well. This option of therapy, plus a unique opportunity to assess the pathogenesis of Meniere's disease in humans will be discussed. PMID- 3232714 TI - Retrolabyrinthine versus middle fossa vestibular neurectomy. AB - The authors' experience in treating incapacitating peripheral vertigo using the middle cranial fossa (MCF) and the retrolabyrinthine (RL) approaches is presented. Among 94 operated cases, 56 have been treated using the MCF approach and 38 the RL approach. In 18 of the RL cases, a simple vestibular neurectomy has been associated with different adjunctive techniques (i.e., drainage of the endolymphatic sac, section of the Wrisberg intermediary nerve, and neurovascular decompression of the eight nerve) in an attempt to influence the disease from a pathogenetic viewpoint. The RL approach has demonstrated to be a valid alternative to the MCF approach, since it allows the same results to be obtained in the control of vertigo, with fewer risks to the facial nerve and hearing functions. Moreover, it allows the association, although still in an experimental way, of the simple vestibular neurectomy and the other "pathogenetic" methods mentioned above. PMID- 3232715 TI - Multichannel cochlear implantation in a patient with bilateral Mondini deformities. AB - A 31-year-old man with bilateral Mondini dysplasia was successfully implanted with a Nucleus multichannel 22-electrode cochlear prosthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of multichannel cochlear implantation in a patient with Mondini dysplasia. The surgical procedure used to insert the device was uncomplicated. Although objective measurements demonstrated only slight improvement in most categories of the Iowa test battery, he has the ability to discriminate pure-tone frequency differences and environmental sounds. Subjectively, he was a satisfied implant user. The surgical feasibility of multichannel implantation in patients with Mondini dysplasia should open the door for improved speech recognition and tonal discrimination in this subset of patients. PMID- 3232716 TI - Attic cholesteatoma. Recurrence rate related to observation time. AB - Two hundred twenty-four ears with attic cholesteatomas, subjected to one-stage surgery between 1965 and 1978, were reevaluated several times, most recently in 1980/81 at a median observation time of 8 years (range, 3 to 16 years) and in 1985/86 at a median observation time of 11 years (range, 3 to 21 years). The recurrence rate was related to length of observation time. Up to and including the follow-up examination in 1980, the rate of residual cholesteatoma in the tympanic cavity was 1.3% and 0.9% in the attic. The incidence of recurrent cholesteatoma in the attic or the cavity was 1.8%. The total recurrence rate was 4.0%. At follow-up in 1985/86, the total recurrence rate had increased to 6.3%, comprising residual cholesteatoma in the tympanic cavity in 1.8% and in the attic in 0.9% and recurrent cholesteatoma in 3.6%. A total of 133 patients had a modified canal wall up mastoidectomy, whereas 91 patients had canal wall down mastoidectomy with obliteration. With regard to the total results of surgery, no significant differences could be demonstrated between the two methods, and we conclude that canal wall up mastoidectomy can be performed in one stage. PMID- 3232717 TI - Prostaglandins in type II collagen-induced ear diseases. AB - This study examines the role of prostaglandins in type II collagen-induced inner ear disease. Hartley guinea pigs were immunized with type II collagen in complete Freund's adjuvant. Auditory brain stem response was measured initially and at 2, 3, 4, and 6 months after immunization. The presence of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the perilymph was determined by radioimmunoassay. Perilymph from immunized animals contained about five times more PGE2 and about three times more 6-keto PGF1 alpha than the perilymph from control animals. However, the two groups showed no difference in the level of either PGE2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Immunized guinea pigs also showed evidence of hearing loss. The temporal bones showed the following changes: spiral ganglion degeneration; mild to moderate degeneration in the organ of Corti; and infrequent and very mild endolymphatic hydrops. Thus, prostaglandins might play an important role in the pathogenesis of type II collagen-induced inner ear disease. PMID- 3232718 TI - Closed versus open technique in the management of labyrinthine fistulae. AB - A labyrinthine fistula is the most common complication of cholesteatomatous chronic ear disease. Its treatment remains a controversial subject. The present paper reports our approach to the management of this complication. Operations were performed on 1,226 cases of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma between January 1971 and December 1985. A labyrinthine fistula was detected in 158 cases. We favor intact canal wall tympanoplasty even in the presence of medium or large fistulas: in the latter case, the matrix is not removed but is trimmed to cover only the bony defect and it is left in place. Open procedures with the preservation of the matrix over the fistula are done in an only-hearing ear with fistula, in ears with a wide defect of the posterior canal wall, and in ears with multiple labyrinthine fistulas. The management of the matrix over the fistula and the anatomic and functional results following each type of procedure are presented and discussed. PMID- 3232719 TI - Vein graft drainage of the endolymphatic sac in patients with Meniere's disease. A preliminary report. AB - The blood supply of the endolymphatic sac, which has a role in the absorption of endolymph, is connected to the meningeal artery separate from the branch of the cerebellar artery of the inner ear. Therefore, avoiding damage to the small vessels of the lateral wall of the sac should be important for restoring the absorptive function. To prevent adhesive closure of the drainage incision and restore the absorption function of the sac, we developed a new technique that restricts the drainage incision to a simple straight one on the rostral edge of the sac and in which a drainage vein from the back of the patient's foot is grafted with a gelatin-film core to the incised sac. Our procedure was performed on 20 patients with Meniere's disease, who were followed over 24 months. The results were favorable: recovery from vertigo was "complete" in 7 cases (35%), "substantial" in 12 (60%), and "limited" in 1 case (5%) according to the new formula developed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) (Miami, 1985). PMID- 3232720 TI - Labyrinthine functional tests and a case of midline cerebellar teratoma. AB - Electronystagmographic (ENG) examination may indicate clinically abnormal but nonspecific or even diagnostically deceptive results. Insights into the processes producing such observations sometimes can be suggested from correlations of findings to pathologic conditions in cases of demonstrated vestibular lesions. Such an opportunity occurred when unusual ENG results were obtained from a patient who had a history of equilibrium disturbances. The ENG revealed a direction-changing nystagmus in lateral head and body positions but not with the head similarly turned. Ocular counterroll measurements indicated hypofunctioning otolithic reactions despite normal vestibuloocular responses to calorizations. Radiologic follow-up showed a midline cerebellar tumor, later surgically confirmed, and found to be a rare teratoma. After partial excision and decompression, repeat tests revealed changes in both the positional nystagmus and ocular counterroll. These findings have implications for diagnosis, for mechanisms underlying ataxia, for inclusion of ocular counterroll testing in diagnostic evaluations, and for understanding the mechanisms underlying direction changing positional nystagmus. PMID- 3232721 TI - Pneumolabyrinth as a late sequela of temporal bone fracture. AB - Pneumolabyrinth, air in the labyrinthine system, is an uncommon entity. We report one case, adding to previous reports of two such cases. The diagnosis was made radiologically, which has become possible only recently with the advent of high resolution computed tomography (CT) scanners; we suspect it will be used more often in the future. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which pneumolabyrinth has been identified as a delayed sequela of a temporal bone fracture. Furthermore, this is the first description of a pneumolabyrinth occurring in a transverse temporal bone fracture. PMID- 3232722 TI - Chapter 2. Anatomy of the facial nerve. AB - This issue of the American Journal of Otology includes the second of a series of articles on facial nerve disorders, which collectively are known as the "Facial Nerve Manual." In the early 1980s, Dr. Mark May chaired the AAO-HNS Facial Nerve Committee and organized the Facial Nerve Study Group. One of the tasks he initiated was the creation of a Facial Nerve Manual, assigned to a small group of clinicians at the COSM Meeting in the Spring of 1984. The purpose of this work was to disseminate practical information on management of selected facial nerve problems, one of the primary charges of the committee. Work began slowly but surely. During Dr. Gale Gardner's tenure as committee chairman, manuscripts were reviewed and edited by Dr. Nels Olson, and the American Journal of Otology agreed to publish the manual. Perhaps more than anyone else, Dr. Olson worked tirelessly to create a finished product of consistent style and content. Of course, even since the original writing and editing, controversial topics continue to change; for example, the author of "Prognostic Testing" now feels that electroneurography is the only sufficiently sensitive prognostic test to determine the need for possible surgery for Bell's palsy. As each "chapter" is published individually over the next year, other concepts may change, and the reader is encouraged to explore these issues in more depth. Drs. May, Gardner, Olson and the individual authors are congratulated for their efforts. The Committee sincerely thanks the American Journal of Otology for supporting this work. PMID- 3232723 TI - Lexical and semantic search in cued recall, fragment completion, perceptual identification, and recognition. AB - Search processes in word-stem cued recall, fragment completion, perceptual identification, and recognition are contrasted. These retention tests involve letters as cues, but the lexical characteristics of these cues vary considerably. In word-stem cued recall, ending letters are presented as recall cues for studied targets (e.g., ONEY as a cue for HONEY). In fragment completion, the test cues consist of letters and spaces (e.g., HO__Y); in perceptual identification, they consist of letter features that survive the mask; and in recognition, they consist of all the letters of the studied word (e.g., HONEY). These differences in retention tests and lexical characteristics were evaluated by manipulating three variables with known effects in cued recall: (a) the presence of study context words emphasizing lexical information, (b) lexical set size corresponding to the number of words that fit the letter cue, and (c) meaning set size corresponding to the number of meaningful associates linked to the studied targets. The results indicated that (a) the presence of study contexts emphasizing lexical information reduced accuracy and response time equally in all tasks, (b) larger lexical set sizes reduced accuracy and response time in all tasks except recognition, and (c) larger meaning set size reduced accuracy in cued recall but not in the other tasks. Lexical search appears to be a significant component process in word-stem cued recall, fragment completion, and identification. Searching through meaning-related concepts encoded during study is a significant component process only in cued recall. PMID- 3232724 TI - [Puerperal endometritis: its clinical forms and management]. PMID- 3232725 TI - [The system of soluble antigens of leukocytes in puerperants with postpartum endometritis and lactation mastitis]. PMID- 3232726 TI - [Prognosis of suppurative-septic puerperal complications based on indicators of nonspecific body resistance in pregnant women]. PMID- 3232727 TI - [Characteristics of the treatment of patients with puerperal complications]. PMID- 3232728 TI - [Epidemiologic significance of bacterial contamination of the skin of the breasts of puerperants]. PMID- 3232729 TI - [Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of suppurative and septic diseases in obstetrics and neonatology]. PMID- 3232730 TI - [Characteristics of lactation and restoration of the reproductive function after labor]. PMID- 3232731 TI - [Pharmacologic correction of morphofunctional erythron disorders in late pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 3232732 TI - [Characteristics of the course of pregnancy in the presence of shaggy chorion]. PMID- 3232733 TI - [Use of lasers in preventing complications of perineal wounds in parturients]. PMID- 3232734 TI - [Value of mamilloscopy in the treatment and prevention of nipple cracks in puerperants]. PMID- 3232735 TI - [Parlodel in the treatment of lactation mastitis]. PMID- 3232736 TI - [The operated-on heart and pregnancy]. PMID- 3232737 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in bladder exstrophy]. PMID- 3232738 TI - [Stimulation of superovulation with clostilbegit for extracorporeal fertilization of human oocytes]. PMID- 3232739 TI - [Current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of gestoses]. PMID- 3232740 TI - [Gestosis: its clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 3232741 TI - [Disputable problems of the diagnosis and therapy of severe forms of gestosis]. PMID- 3232742 TI - [Diagnosis of complications of pregnancy, labor and the puerperium]. PMID- 3232743 TI - [Postgraduate training of administrators of women's referral centers based on a problem-related program]. PMID- 3232744 TI - [Study of the use of literature on obstetrics and gynecology by medical specialists]. PMID- 3232745 TI - Cancer causation beliefs in an Alaskan village. PMID- 3232747 TI - Electronic information for physicians: a new dimension in solving traditional problems. Part II. PMID- 3232746 TI - Differentiation of fatal neonatal enzyme deficiency and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). PMID- 3232748 TI - Study on cancer causation in an Alaskan village. PMID- 3232749 TI - Comparative clinicopathological study on pityriasis lichenoides chronica and small plaque parapsoriasis. AB - The term parapsoriasis refers to a group of chronic asymptomatic scaly dermatoses of unknown etiology about which there is still controversy over the nosology and nomenclature of the different conditions that comprise the group, particularly pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) and small plaque parapsoriasis (SPP). In an attempt to establish the distinctive clinicopathologic features of these two dermatosis, we prospectively studied 44 patients who presented with the typical clinical and histologic picture of either of these two diseases. SPP was clinically characterized by scaly oval plaques on the trunk and proximal aspect of extremities. Spongiosis was the salient histopathologic feature, with absence of fibrosis or melanophages. PLC presented with a scaly papular eruption over the trunk and extremities and histologically was characterized by an interface dermatitis. We conclude that sufficient clinical and histologic features differentiate these two entities and we propose that the term parapsoriasis be used only to designate SPP and large plaque parapsoriasis. PMID- 3232750 TI - Large cell acanthoma. A cytologic variant of Bowen's disease? AB - Although it was first described by Pinkus in 1970, the entity known as large cell acanthoma (LCA) has been largely ignored. In this paper, we review the clinical and histopathologic features of 11 solitary and three multiple cases of LCA. We also compare this series with two previous reports, one by Rahbari and Pinkus and one by Rabinowitz. From the analysis of these 70 cases, we conclude that although LCA is not uncommon (it occurs in 1-2.55 per 1,000 cutaneous biopsies), as an asymptomatic, slightly keratotic lesion, usually less than 10 mm in size, it has been largely underestimated. It is more common in women than in men and mainly affects middle-aged and elderly patients. LCA is found mainly on the face and upper limbs yet in the multiple cases, the lesions seem to occur on the limbs and the back. Histologically, it can be distinguished by the large size of the malpighian cells, both nucleus and cytoplasm. The lesion is sharply limited from normal epidermis and usually shows acanthosis, hypergranulosis, and hyperorthokeratosis. Finally, we discuss the nature of LCA. Based on the frequent disordered arrangement of the malpighian cells, its nuclear variability and the occasional finding of dyskeratoses and suprabasal mitoses, as well as the involvement of skin appendages, we conclude that LCA is probably a cytologic variant of Bowen's disease. PMID- 3232751 TI - Small pustules in Kawasaki disease. A clinicopathological study of four patients. AB - We report the clinical and histological changes of small pustules that developed in four patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). The small pustules were superimposed on the urticarial erythema and symmetrically arranged on the genital area, buttocks, axillae, and extensor surface of the extremities. These lesions showed spongiform pustules histologically and were different from miliarial pustules. Reviewing previous reports, the clinical and histological characteristics of pustules in KD are summarized herein. This study indicates that small pustules underwent the consecutive changes related to the generalized polymorphous exanthem in KD. PMID- 3232752 TI - Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma. AB - We treated a 13-year-old girl who had annular erythematous lesions with central atrophic areas, which had been present on her trunk and limbs for 4 months. Histological examination revealed patchy dermal lymphohistocytic infiltration with multinucleated giant cells which were phagocytosing elastic fibers, causing them to disappear. The active border of the lesions regressed after intradermal injection of corticosteroids. The classification of the disease and its differential diagnosis from the usual granuloma annulare, inflammatory anetoderma, O'Brien's actinic granuloma, and Convit's disease are discussed. PMID- 3232753 TI - Porokeratosis plantaris discreta. A case showing transepidermal elimination. AB - A 16-year old girl developed multiple, well-demarcated, extremely painful, hyperkeratotic nodules on her left sole. Histologic examination revealed a cornoid lamella and transepidermal elimination of blood vessels and collagen fibers which may be caused by the acceleration of keratinization. The pain and tenderness may have been partially related to epidermal disruption. PMID- 3232755 TI - Metastatic adenocarcinoma. A case report demonstrating bullous pemphigoid antigen in the tumor. AB - A case of metastatic adenocarcinoma in the skin of the thigh with an unconfirmed origin is described. Bullous pemphigoid antigen, which is present in the normal basement zone of stratified epithelia, was haphazardly present in the basement membrane zone of the aggregated tumor cells and within the cytoplasm of some cells. This finding indicates that metastatic malignant epithelial cells may produce bullous pemphigoid antigen in the alternative environment, especially if situated in the skin. PMID- 3232754 TI - Granular cell leiomyosarcoma of the skin. AB - A case is presented of a multifocal malignant neoplasm involving the skin of the upper back in a 10-year-old boy following radiation therapy to the head and neck for a cerebellar medulloblastoma. Histologically, the neoplastic cells were remarkable for the presence of abundant periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive diastase-resistant intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules. Immunoperoxidase procedures revealed strong positive staining of the tumor cells with desmin, vimentin, and smooth muscle myosin antibodies, and negative staining for myoglobin, S-100 protein and keratin, thus supporting a smooth muscle line of differentiation for this neoplasm. Electronmicroscopy demonstrated numerous intracytoplasmic autophagic vacuoles that corresponded to the granules observed under the light microscope. Leiomyosarcoma should be entertained in the differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated cutaneous neoplasms histologically characterized by a proliferation of cells containing abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. PMID- 3232757 TI - Latin is alive and well. PMID- 3232758 TI - Malignant trichilemmal cyst. PMID- 3232759 TI - Natural killer cells immunophenotype. PMID- 3232756 TI - Postmastectomy low-grade angiosarcoma. An unusual case clinically resembling a lymphangioma circumscriptum. AB - A 90-year-old white woman developed a low-grade cutaneous angiosarcoma arising on a chronically lymphedematous extremity 15 years after a radical mastectomy for breast carcinoma. This neoplasm had the clinical appearance of lymphangioma circumscriptum and was characterized by an unusually benign course with a 3-year follow-up. PMID- 3232760 TI - Milk whey-specific immune complexes in allergic and non-allergic subjects. AB - We developed an antigen- and isotype-specific ELISA for the rapid detection of native serum immune complexes (IC). It is a sandwich assay, in which a solid phase antigen-specific capture antibody selectively binds the antigen-specific IC via the antigen. The isotype of the bound IC is then identified using an enzyme labelled indicator antibody. Using this sensitive assay system, we were able to detect native serum milk whey-specific immune complexes (SMIC) of the IgG, IgE and IgA isotypes. Detectable amounts of native serum SMIC of all three isotypes were found in sera of the majority of both atopic and non-atopic subjects. The ELISA was then used to compare the levels of native IgE SMIC in sera of milk RAST positive atopic patients with those found in milk RAST negative atopic patient sera. Milk RAST positive patient sera were found to have significantly higher mean levels (P less than or equal to 0.005) of native IgE SMIC than milk RAST negative sera. Sera of other atopic individuals were also found to contain significantly higher mean levels (P less than or equal to 0.005) of native IgG and IgA SMIC than non-atopic donors. IgE IC may specifically be involved in adverse symptoms seen in milk allergic patients. PMID- 3232761 TI - Frequency of allergy to Alternaria and Cladosporium in a specialist clinic. AB - In the literature there is considerable variation in the frequency of allergy to the moulds Alternaria iridis and Cladosporium herbarum. In 1985 a 6-month frequency study was performed in a specialist clinic with a patient population similar to the average specialist and out-patient clinics in Denmark as regards sex, age, and diagnoses. Allergy was confirmed by use of a purified and standardized extract, and SPT, CPT and RAST were performed. Among the 292 first referrals nine had allergy to Alternaria, and two to Cladosporium, corresponding to a frequency of 3.1 (1.0-6.5)% and 0.7 (0.1-3.6)%, respectively, with 99% confidence limits. Most of the patients were multi-allergics suffering from rhinoconjunctivitis as well as asthma. PMID- 3232762 TI - Anaphylaxis to amoxycillin but good tolerance for benzyl penicillin. In vivo and in vitro studies of specific IgE antibodies. AB - Three patients are reported on who suffered anaphylactic reactions after amoxycillin (AX) treatment and challenge but tolerated benzylpenicillin (BP) parenterally and orally. Two of the three patients had positive skin tests and RAST to AX reagents but negative responses to benzyl penicilloyl (BPO) specific skin tests and RAST and the minor determinant mixture (MDM) skin test reagent. The third case was negative to all skin tests and RAST. RAST and RAST inhibition on the two positive sera suggest that the response is related to the acyl side chain of AX. PMID- 3232763 TI - Increased urinary excretion of 1.4-methyl-imidazoleacetic acid in patients with atopic dermatitis. AB - To investigate whether the overall histamine turnover is increased in patients with atopic dermatitis, without respiratory disease, the urinary excretion of the main histamine metabolite 1.4-methyl-imidazoleacetic acid (MIAA) was examined in 23 patients and in 23 age- and sex-matched non-atopic controls. The patients excreted significantly more MIAA than the controls. One third of the patients however, showed MIAA excretion within or below normal range. The MIAA excretion was neither correlated to the severity of the eczema nor to the total serum IgE. It was concluded that histamine does not play a significant role in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis, and that the great variation in MIAA excretion, and hence the histamine turnover, reflected the spectrum of histamine releasability in the patients. PMID- 3232765 TI - [Comparative tympanometric study, in normal subjects and in rhino- and oropharynx diseases]. PMID- 3232764 TI - [Aggressive oral fibromatosis in children]. PMID- 3232766 TI - [Vestibular decruitment in normal people]. PMID- 3232768 TI - [Saccades study and sinusoid rotatory tests in subjects with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3232767 TI - [Immunologic study of the nasal mucus and secretion in chronic otitis media with closed tympanum]. PMID- 3232769 TI - [CO2 laser in the treatment of laryngeal stenoses after partial horizontal functional surgery (the Justo-Alonso technic)]. PMID- 3232770 TI - [Protocol on vertigo for emergency room residents at a clinical hospital in Barcelona]. PMID- 3232771 TI - [Audiometry by electric response in the study of acousmata]. PMID- 3232772 TI - [Malignant otitis externa. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3232773 TI - [Tuberculous laryngitis. Clinical description of 2 cases]. PMID- 3232774 TI - [Neuroendocrine carcinoma in the cavity of radical mastoidectomy]. PMID- 3232775 TI - Arrhythmia prevails. PMID- 3232776 TI - Intra-ocular pressure changes during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia. A comparison between thiopentone and suxamethonium and thiopentone and atracurium. AB - The changes in intra-ocular pressure associated with two different anaesthetic induction and tracheal intubation techniques were compared (n = 30). After pre oxygenation, Group A received thiopentone (5 mg/kg) followed by suxamethonium (1.5 mg/kg), both within 25 seconds, and Group B atracurium (0.5 mg/kg) followed by thiopentone (5 mg/kg) again both within 25 seconds. Tracheal intubation occurred after one minute in Group A and 2 minutes in Group B to allow for full paralysis. In Group A intra-ocular pressure did not alter significantly from baseline and the maximum increase was only 0.93 mmHg. The statistical type II error risk was consistently below 55% and all 95% confidence limits included negative values. Intra-ocular pressure in Group B was consistently lower than baseline (p less than 0.05) but with a longer induction-intubation interval. These results therefore provide valuable information about the 'balance of risks' when choosing a muscle relaxant for an inadequately starved patient with a penetrating eye injury. PMID- 3232778 TI - Pain after spinal intrathecal clonidine. An adverse interaction with tricyclic antidepressants? AB - A case is reported in which spinal intrathecal administration of clonidine produced pain. The interaction between clonidine and tricyclic antidepressants is discussed, and is suggested as the basis for this observation. PMID- 3232779 TI - An unexpected functional cause of upper airway obstruction. AB - A case of acute respiratory obstruction in the immediate postoperative period is described in a young woman who emerged from general anaesthesia after a Caesarean section for fetal distress. She had a pregnancy complicated by disabling polyhydramnios and anxiously anticipated the birth of a child with a diaphragmatic hernia, diagnosed antenatally. The cause of the airway obstruction was functional in nature as confirmed by flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy. The diagnosis, paradoxical vocal cord motion, has to be considered as an infrequent cause of postoperative airway obstruction; its recognition and treatment are discussed. The patient did not have a history which might have indicated its possible occurrence. It is suggested that paradoxical vocal cord movement in a more mild form may be overlooked as cause for postoperative stridor and airway obstruction. PMID- 3232777 TI - Delayed recovery from general anaesthesia. AB - A case of postoperative coma associated with diabetes insipidus and hypothermia is presented. Some recommendations are offered for the future management of similar cases. PMID- 3232780 TI - Phaeochromocytoma--a presentation mimicking malignant hyperthermia. AB - A 52-year-old apparently healthy, normotensive woman who presented for elective cholecystectomy experienced intra-operative hypertension and tachycardia, which were controlled by propranolol. Oesophageal temperature increased, there was a metabolic and respiratory acidosis with hypoxaemia, and malignant hyperthermia was diagnosed. Severe cardiogenic pulmonary oedema ensued, and was treated with intravenous glyceryl trinitrate. Ventricular fibrillation caused cardiac arrest, and this was treated successfully. Postoperatively a phaeochromocytoma was discovered, and removed at a subsequent operation. The case illustrates the similarities in presentation of malignant hyperthermia and phaeochromocytoma, and the possibility that misdiagnosis may exacerbate the crisis. PMID- 3232781 TI - Haemoglobin H disease and cardiac surgery. AB - The management of two patients with haemoglobin H disease, who underwent open heart surgery, is described and the problems that relate to anaesthesia in the presence of this condition are discussed. PMID- 3232782 TI - Long-term performance of Tec vaporizers. Basis for a rational maintenance policy. AB - We reviewed the maintenance records of Tec vaporizers which had been in clinical use for up to 4 years. Tec 4s and Enfluratec 3s were found to be extremely reliable, but Fluotec 3s suffered progressively from mechanical and calibration problems. Their most recurrent fault was sticking valves caused probably by thymol crystallizing on the valve faces. This fault did not occur with Fluotec 4s, which are designed to prevent liquid agent reaching the valve surfaces. We found, in a study of the effects of thymol accumulation, that only occasional draining of a Fluotec vaporizer is required to keep thymol concentration below the level at which its output is reduced. We conclude that, if regular field calibration checks are carried out as a safety measure, the service interval for Tec vaporizers could be extended beyond Ohmeda's present recommendation of one year. PMID- 3232783 TI - Dependence of the output of a halothane vaporizer on thymol concentration. AB - The effect of thymol accumulation inside a Fluotec 3 vaporizer on the concentration of halothane delivered by the vaporizer was investigated. The vaporizer output was reduced progressively as the thymol concentration increased, but the reduction was less than that predicted by Raoult's Law. A reduction of 5% in output required an increase in thymol concentration of a factor of 650 compared to the concentration in fresh halothane, while a reduction of 10% required a 1100-fold increase in thymol concentration. The equilibration of the thymol from the wicks throughout the vaporizing chamber was very slow after the vaporizer was drained and filled with fresh halothane; the half-time was 2.7 days. PMID- 3232784 TI - Intravenous fluids in minor gynaecological surgery. Their effect on postoperative morbidity. AB - Postoperative morbidity was assessed in 100 patients who underwent minor gynaecological procedures. Fifty patients received intra-operative crystalloid (1000 ml compound sodium lactate solution) and the remaining fifty none. Identical short-acting intravenous anaesthetic techniques were used in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in symptoms of nausea, vomiting, headache and drowsiness within the first 6 hours after operation. Patients who received intra-operative fluids exhibited a decreased incidence of dizziness within the first 6 hours and a decreased incidence of nausea when questioned at 3 days compared with those who did not receive any fluid; the difference was statistically significant. PMID- 3232786 TI - Accidental epidural injection of a large dose of morphine. PMID- 3232785 TI - The incidence of pruritus after epidural morphine. PMID- 3232787 TI - Resistance measurement and connectors. PMID- 3232788 TI - Skin preparation and spinal headache. PMID- 3232790 TI - Tests for co-axial systems. PMID- 3232791 TI - Intubation risk with patients with tracheostomy. PMID- 3232789 TI - Repeated general anaesthetics in the presence of a large undiagnosed left atrial myxoma. PMID- 3232792 TI - Defects in epidural catheters. PMID- 3232793 TI - Safer fibreoptic intubation. PMID- 3232794 TI - A modified double-lumen tube. PMID- 3232795 TI - Inappropriate triggering. PMID- 3232796 TI - Another misconnexion. PMID- 3232797 TI - Experience with the preoperative invasive measurement of haemodynamic, respiratory and renal function in 100 elderly patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery. AB - The extent of physiological disturbance in a preoperative population of 100 elderly patients scheduled for elective major surgery was measured. Haemodynamic, respiratory and renal function were evaluated preoperatively in the intensive care unit. Of these patients 13% had serious problems requiring either postponement of the operation (7%) or its cancellation (6%). Cardiac index was 2.2 l/min/m2 or less in 11% of patients; creatinine clearance 50 ml/min or less in 19% of patients; mean blood pressure was equal to or exceeded 120 mmHg in 15% of patients and intrapulmonary shunt equalled or exceeded 15% in 10% of patients. The mean duration of stay in the intensive care unit was four days, including the preoperative day. The logistics of preoperative admission were implemented without undue difficulty. PMID- 3232798 TI - An assessment of postoperative oxygen therapy in patients with fractured neck of femur. AB - Arterial oxygen tension was studied in sixty patients with fractured neck of femur. The mean preoperative arterial oxygen tension was 63.7 mmHg (SD 12.8). Half of the patients received nasal oxygen for five days postoperatively. In these patients, mean arterial oxygen tension was greater at all times than preoperative values, and exceeded values in those not receiving oxygen in whom no change in oxygen tension occurred until an increase on the fifth postoperative day. PMID- 3232799 TI - Induction using fentanyl to suppress the intubation response in the cardiac patient: what is the optimal dose? AB - Eighty patients undergoing coronary artery surgery were randomly allocated to receive either 0, 2, 5, 10 or 15 micrograms/kg of fentanyl with induction of anaesthesia. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before induction, after induction, and after intubation. The effects of fentanyl dose on both heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were evaluated in terms of both the mean and group responses. At all doses of fentanyl, mean heart rate increased after induction and rose further on intubation. The mean increase after induction was minimal at doses of 5 micrograms/kg and greater. The increase in heart rate after intubation was more difficult to block but with a fentanyl dose of 15 micrograms/kg, 87% of patients had heart rates below 100 bpm. As a group, the percentage of patients in whom the postintubation heart rate remained below 100 bpm increased progressively with the fentanyl dose. In contrast, mean MAP fell at all dose levels after induction, the mean fall being about 30 mmHg at 5 micrograms/kg and greater. Mean MAP exceeded pre-induction values after intubation with 0 and 2 micrograms/kg, and progressive attenuation of the MAP rise was found as the dose of fentanyl increased. The percentage of patients who did not exceed their preinduction MAP rose progressively with increasing dose of fentanyl with an ED50 of 3.7 micrograms/kg. If a minimal fall in mean MAP after induction with no rise above preinduction MAP is the sole criterion, a fentanyl dose of about 3 micrograms/kg is recommended. If heart rate is to be kept below 100 bpm, a dose of at least 10 micrograms/kg should be used.2+ dose or greater will cause the MAP to fall in some patients to less PMID- 3232800 TI - Altered aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics in the critically ill. AB - We studied prospectively 49 patients being treated in an intensive care unit with aminoglycosides for gram-negative sepsis. Pharmacokinetic data were calculated from three post-dose serum levels using a one-compartment model. Doses required to achieve peak levels between 5 and 10 mg/l with trough levels approximately 1.0 mg/l ranged between 2 and 12 mg/kg per day (mean dose 7 mg/kg per day). During therapy 60% of the patients had a change in their apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of greater than 20%. These patients were likely to have confirmed infection and to be febrile at the start of treatment. Two to three weeks after discharge ten patients were restudied after a single dose of aminoglycoside. There was a reduction in mean Vd from 0.24 to 0.18 l/kg (P less than 0.02). Critically ill patients have significantly larger volumes of distribution and may require larger doses per kilogram of body weight of aminoglycoside to achieve therapeutic concentrations. Due to considerable variation in kinetic parameters, the use of standard doses or dosing nomograms is not recommended. PMID- 3232802 TI - A review of the final F.F.A.R.A.C.S. examination 1980-1987. AB - The Final Examination for Fellowship of the Faculty of Anaesthetists, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons has been functioning since 1956. A description of its development and an analysis carried out on the examinations in 1969 and 1970 are contained in the paper by Fisk et al. Since that time the examination process has been continually monitored and refined, although the basic structure has remained much the same for the last twenty years. This report presents an analysis and interpretation of data for 1025 candidates who presented themselves for the examinations from May 1980 until October 1987. Recent development within the Faculty is described to indicate the influence these events have had upon the training and examination of candidates for the Fellowship, and statistical data is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the examination process. Recommendations include possible directions that could be taken to enhance both the training and examination of candidates for the Fellowship examination in the future. PMID- 3232801 TI - Inspired oxygen and nitrous oxide concentrations in volunteers during nitrous oxide sedation with a Hudson mask. AB - Ten volunteers were given varying ratios of oxygen and nitrous oxide at 4, 6 and 8 litres per minute using a Hudson mask delivery system. Maximum and minimum inspired oxygen concentrations, maximum inspired nitrous oxide concentrations and end tidal carbon dioxide concentrations were measured using the Datex Cardiocap CCI-104 monitor. Although pharyngeal oxygen fraction varies with the Hudson mask because the inspiratory flow exceeds the entrainment of the mask by a variable amount during much of the cycle, at 8 litres/minute flow with a ratio of 3 to 5, oxygen to nitrous oxide, safe levels of oxygen were delivered (range of means 26 31%) with basal nitrous oxide levels (mean maximum inspired N2O, 34%). When nitrous oxide sedation is used clinically, nitrous oxide must be used with consideration of safe oxygen levels. This study did not detect unsafe pharyngeal oxygen levels in the ratios investigated, where the maximum delivered nitrous oxide concentration was 75%. PMID- 3232803 TI - A new intensive care ventilator. PMID- 3232804 TI - Doppler measurement of cardiac output--a critique. PMID- 3232805 TI - Improvement of renal function after relief of raised intra-abdominal pressure due to traumatic retroperitoneal haematoma. PMID- 3232806 TI - A most unusual subdural block. PMID- 3232807 TI - Airway obstruction in acromegaly: a method of prevention. PMID- 3232808 TI - Solving mysteries using infrared spectrometry and chromatography. PMID- 3232809 TI - Ruthenium(II) complexes as ion interaction reagents for the liquid chromatographic separation and indirect fluorometric detection of analyte anions. PMID- 3232810 TI - Separation efficiency of slurry-packed liquid chromatography microcolumns with very small inner diameters. PMID- 3232811 TI - Ion-selective electrodes based on natural carboxylic polyether antibiotics. PMID- 3232812 TI - Fluorescence reagents for high-sensitivity chromatographic measurements of primary amines. PMID- 3232813 TI - Atomization characteristics and direct determination of manganese and magnesium in biological samples using a magnetically altered thin-film plasma. PMID- 3232814 TI - Daughter ion mass spectra from cationized molecules of small oligopeptides in a reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometer. PMID- 3232815 TI - Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry of prostaglandins: daughter ion spectra of derivatized and isotope-labeled E and D prostanoids. PMID- 3232816 TI - Fast-atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry studies of organo-alkali-metal ions of small peptides. Competitive interaction of sodium with basic amino acid substituents. PMID- 3232817 TI - Indirect fluorescence detection of native amino acids in capillary zone electrophoresis. PMID- 3232818 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of L-ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical preparations, foods and urine by formation of a 2-oximinocyclohexanone thiosemicarbazone--iron(II) complex. PMID- 3232819 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of 4-aminoantipyrine in aqueous solution by coupling with diazotised 4-nitroaniline. PMID- 3232820 TI - Specific determination of azathioprine in solution by a spectrophotometric method and its application to a tablet assay. PMID- 3232821 TI - Spectrofluorimetric determination of N-nitroso-N-methylurea with sodium sulphide, taurine and o-phthalaldehyde. PMID- 3232823 TI - Liquid membrane electrode for selective determination of salicylate in pharmaceutical preparations. PMID- 3232822 TI - Flow injection determination of drugs by specific detection of carboxylic acids. PMID- 3232824 TI - Determination of clozapine by adsorptive anodic voltammetry using glassy carbon and modified carbon paste electrodes. PMID- 3232826 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of maprotiline hydrochloride. PMID- 3232825 TI - Determination of flunitrazepam by differential-pulse voltammetry using a bentonite-modified carbon paste electrode. PMID- 3232827 TI - Some applications of chromatography to steroid analysis in the horse. PMID- 3232828 TI - Identification of doping agents by chromatographic techniques and UV spectrophotometry. PMID- 3232829 TI - Determination of natural penicillins in fermentation media by high-performance liquid chromatography using pre-column derivatisation with 1 hydroxybenzotriazole. PMID- 3232830 TI - Application of tryptamine as a derivatizing agent for airborne isocyanate determination. Part 2. Dual function of tryptamine for calibration and derivatisation of poly[methylene(polyphenyl isocyanate)] for quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3232831 TI - Identification and determination of norcocaine in illicit cocaine and coca leaves by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3232832 TI - Simplified saponification procedure for the routine determination of total vitamin E in dairy products, foods and tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3232833 TI - Determination of chlorthalidone in human plasma by reversed-phase micellar liquid chromatography. PMID- 3232834 TI - Determination of residues of a range of fungicides, anti-sprouting agents and (organochlorine and organophosphorus) insecticides in potatoes by gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3232836 TI - Separation of dansylamino acid enantiomers by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 3232835 TI - Determination of fentin residues in potatoes and celery. PMID- 3232837 TI - Comparison of experimental and theoretical fractionating power for exponential field decay sedimentation field-flow fractionation. PMID- 3232838 TI - Spectrophotometric method for the determination of total cyanide in wastewater samples. PMID- 3232840 TI - Titrimetric determination of some thioxanthene derivatives. PMID- 3232839 TI - Di-2-pyridyl ketone 2-furoylhydrazone as a reagent for the fluorimetric determination of low concentrations of gallium and its application to biological samples. PMID- 3232841 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of N-nitroso compounds by flow injection analysis. PMID- 3232842 TI - Differential-pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for the determination of nitrite at p.p.b. levels after diazotisation of aniline and coupling with azulene and its modification for the determination of aromatic amines. PMID- 3232843 TI - Anatomical features of cloacal region of male guinea fowl with special reference to the ejection of lymph-like fluid. AB - Cloacal region of male guinea fowl was investigated macro- and microscopically with special reference to the ejection of lymph-like fluid (LF) in the cloaca. In male guinea fowl, a negligible amount of LF was ejected at the time of ejaculation. LF was confirmed to be oozed out from the tissue near the papilla of the ductus deferens (TVP). Electrical cauterization of TVP led to a complete cessation of the ejection of LF. TVP was abundant in capillaries which were branched off from the A. pudenda interna at the site of paracloacal vascular body (PVB). Evans blue (T-1824) solution injected into the A. pudenda interna was easily exuded out directly from TVP. The dye solution introduced into PVB provoked the erection of the copulatory organ without oozing out from TVP. No ejection of LF from the tissues other than TVP in the cloaca was observed. These results showed that TVP was the tissue responsible for the ejection of LF in the cloaca of male guinea fowl. PMID- 3232844 TI - Longitudinal growth of the rabbit femur after vascular and periosteal interference. AB - Results are presented of a radiological study with metallic implants concerning the growth in length of the rabbit femur following longitudinal sectioning of the periosteum, with and without stripping, circumferential periosteal division, with and without stripping, and vascular interference. Periosteal sectioning (except in the case of longitudinal sectioning) had the effect of increasing the ultimate length of the femur. The distal epiphysial plate was stimulated after longitudinal sectioning with stripping; both growth plates were stimulated after circumferential periosteal sectioning, with and without stripping. This stimulation was evident until fairly late in the growth period. There are no indications for any inhibition during the last phase of growth. Experimental interference of the subchondral vascularisation had no effect, whilst ligation of the nutrient artery had only a very limited curbing effect on the longitudinal growth due to restraining of the proximal growth plate. It was concluded that the growth stimulation following periosteal damage cannot be the result of vascular interference the diaphysial area. It was hypothesized that the periosteum plays a role as a local regulatory factor in the fine regulation of the growth of the epiphysial plates, acting as an intermediary and transmitting mechanical stimuli generated by other local factors to the epiphysial plates. PMID- 3232845 TI - Pineal and retinal photoreceptors in embryonic Rivulus marmoratus poey. AB - The development of pineal and retinal photoreceptors was studied in embryos of Rivulus marmoratus Poey from 0.2 to 0.7 incubation period. Photoreceptors in both these organs are developed and clearly divided into outer and inner segments at mid-incubation period, in addition retinal photoreceptors are arranged in a square mosaic. However, while retinal photoreceptors contain synaptic ribbons at this developmental stage pineal photoreceptors do not; although presynaptic electron densities are present. At 0.7 incubation period synaptic ribbons are present in basal processes of pineal photoreceptors, while those in retinal photoreceptors have lengthened. The sequence of the development of photoreceptor structure in pineal and retina is discussed. PMID- 3232846 TI - Ramified pelves and their blood supply of the horseshoe kidney in 2 Japanese. AB - Gross anatomy of the horseshoe kidney in 2 Japanese patients clarified that the long renal pelvis consists of 4 funnel-shaped tubes (Pelvis renalis ramificata) in the hilus opening in the ventral direction, and that the 4th tube can drain half of the isthmus. The renal artery, on the other hand, divided into 2 dorsal and ventral branches around the long pelvis in the hilus, the latter of which gave rise to the branches to the first and second tubes, but the former the branch to the third. Another artery arose from the lower portion of the abdominal aorta to supply the 4th tube in the half of the isthmus. This method of blood supply was principally in good accordance with that described by Graves (1971) except for a branch from the inferior mesenteric artery to the isthmus. These pelvic ramification and pattern of blood distribution were summarized in Fig. 9. PMID- 3232847 TI - [Bursa iliopectinea--size and morphology]. AB - The size of the iliopsoas bursa is usually larger than its size described in textbooks of anatomy. Proximally the synovial bursa lies on the pectineal eminence of the superior pubic ramus, passes across the front of the capsule of the hip joint and extends distally downwards almost as far as to the lesser trochanter. Only the tendon of the psoas major muscle is normally an immediate relation to the bursa. In 13% of all cases the iliopsoas bursa is partly separated by a septum into 2 cavities. Here the tendon of the psoas major muscle passes over the medial chamber and the tendon of the iliac muscle runs over the lateral chamber. With regard to modern diagnostic techniques (computer tomography, magnetic resonance-tomography) the results are significant for the differential diagnosis of inflammatory processes in hip joints. PMID- 3232848 TI - [An accessory muscle of the shank]. AB - An accessory bilateral crural muscle is shown which has not yet been described. The muscle arises like the peronaeus quartus muscle at the proximal third of the flexor surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane. The tendon runs medially to the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle underneath the flexor retinaculum. On the left side, it is divided in 2 parts. The insertion lies medially to the anterior tubercle of the calcaneus. There is no phylogenetic explanation for such an accessory muscle. PMID- 3232849 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies of the morphology of the interdental abrading enamel surfaces of human permanent teeth]. AB - The surface of the approximal contact area of human permanent teeth is - although evenly abraded - scattered with excavations of about 30-40 microns maximal width. PMID- 3232850 TI - Combined effects of deafferentation and de-efferentation on isthmo-optic neurons during the period of their naturally occurring cell death. AB - We have studied the effects on the chick embryo's isthmo-optic nucleus of de efferentation alone or in combination with deafferentation. De-efferentation was achieved by pharmacological destruction of the axonal target cells in the retina at E13, or by colchicine-blockade of axoplasmic transport in the intraocular parts of the isthmo-optic axons at E13; deafferentation was by a tectal lesion at E11 or E12. De-efferentation alone causes all the isthmo-optic neurons to die, and mostly by the "endocytic-autophagic" mode of cell death, which is characterized by pronounced endocytosis (of an intravascularly injected label) and by intense, clumped activity of two lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and N acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase). Deafferentation plus de-efferentation caused there to be less endocytic-autophagic dying cells in the isthmo-optic nucleus than after de-efferentation alone, but all the neurons still died. Our interpretation is that deafferentation switched many of the isthmo-optic neurons to a completely different (nonendocytic, nonautophagic) mode of cell death. PMID- 3232851 TI - The dynamic structure of rabbit blastocyst coverings. II. Ultrastructural evidence for a role of the trophoblast in neozona formation. AB - The neozona is the innermost layer of the complex blastocyst coverings of the rabbit and is located between the mucoprotein layer and the trophoblast. As shown previously the neozona begins to replace the zona pellucida from the 4th day post coitum (d p.c.) on (Denker and Gerdes 1979). In the present study, rabbit blastocyst coverings were checked for regional differences in their composition, comparing the embryonic and the abembryonic pole of the blastocyst, at 5 and 6 d p.c. These two stages were chosen because at 5 d p.c. a complete trophoblast layer is still present at both the embryonic disc (Rauber's layer) and the extraembryonic regions (mural and abembryonic pole trophoblast), whereas at 6 d p.c. Rauber's layer has largely degenerated. Correlation of regional differences in blastocyst coverings structure with presence or absence of an intact trophoblast is taken as suggestive evidence for a role of the trophoblast in the formation or the structural modification of blastocyst coverings components. Blastocysts of both stages were fixed in glutaraldehyde with and without ruthenium red and processed for TEM. The neozona was found to be almost equally well developed in all regions at 5 d p.c. On contrast, at 6 d p.c. (Rauber's layer defective) the neozona is consistently found to be much thinner at the embryonic disc than in the extraembryonic regions where the trophoblast is still intact. This is the first report on regional differences of the structural composition of blastocyst covering within the same blastocyst.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3232852 TI - Transformations of the retinal topography along the visual pathway of the chicken. AB - It is still unclear how the retinotectal map of the chick is formed during development. In particular, it is not yet known whether or not the organization of fibres plays a role in the formation of this map. In order to contribute to the solution of this problem, we analysed the representation of the retinal topography at closely spaced intervals along the fibre pathway. We injected HRP into various sites of the tectal surface and traced the labelled fibre bundles back to the retina. The retinal topography was reconstructed at ten different levels, i.e. in the retina, the optic nerve head, the middle of the optic nerve, the chiasm (three levels), the optic tract (three levels), and the optic tectum. We obtained the following results: (1) The labelled fibre bundles as well as the fields of labelled retinal ganglion cells were always well delimited and coherent. (2) The reconstructions show that transformations of the retinal topography occur in the fibre pathway. The first and most important transformation is found in the optic nerve head where the retinal image is mirrored across an axis extending from dorsotemporal to ventronasal retina. In addition, the retinal representation is split in its temporal periphery. Thus, central and centrotemporal fibres are no longer in the centre of the image but close to the dorsal border of the nerve. Peripheral fibres are found along the medial, ventral and lateral circumference of the nerve. In the optic tract a second transformation occurs. The retinal topography is rotated clockwise by about 90 degrees and flattened to a band. The flattening is accompanied by a segregation of fibre bundles so that eventually central and centrotemporal retinal fibres are located centrally, ventral fibres dorsally and dorsal retinal fibres ventrally in the tract. By these two transformations an organization of fibres is produced in the optic tract which can be projected onto the tectal surface without major changes given that dorsal and ventral fibres remain in their relative positions, and that deep lying fibres project to the rostral and central tectum, superficial fibres to the caudal tectum. The transformations which we have observed follow specific rules and thus maintain order in the pathway although retinotopy is lost. In conjunction with our earlier studies on the development of the retinotectal system we conclude that fibres are laid down in a chronotopic order. The transformations take place under particular structural constraints.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3232853 TI - Studies of neural tube development in the chicken embryo tail. AB - The tail regions of chick embryos between stages 21 to 46 were studied by light microscopy using paraffin- and epoxyembedded serial sections. The embryonic tail attains its maximum length at about stage 22. The present study examined the morphogenesis of the caudal neural tube during the reduction and remodelling processes of the embryonic tail. Between stages 21 and 28, the embryonic tail became markedly shorter, and the neural tube, with a single central canal, merged caudally with the short medullary cord and tail bud. Between stages 29 and 31, the neural tube elongated and curved rostrally, while the caudal end of the notochord and the tail bud disappeared. Between stages 32 and 39, after showing various structural changes such as dilatation or rupture and abnormal elongation of its marginal zone the neural tube became shorter. By stage 40, development of the caudal neural tube was essentially complete and the neural tube was shorter than the notochord. The neural tube opened dorsally, as in the adult chicken. The caudal opening may be newly-formed as the open portion was found to contain numerous macrophages. PMID- 3232854 TI - The human pattern of gyrification in the cerebral cortex. AB - The degree of cortical folding found in adult human brains has been analyzed using a gyrification index (GI). This parameter permits the description of a mean value for the whole brain, but also a local specific analysis of different brain regions. Correlation analyses of the GI with age, body weight, body length, brain weight and volume of the prosencephalon and the cortex show no significant results. GI values do not differ significantly between male and female brains, right and left hemispheres or right and left sides of the superior temporal plane. The GI shows maximal values over the prefrontal and the parieto-temporo occipital association cortex. A comparison between the rostro-caudal GI patterns of human brains and those of prosimians and Old World monkeys shows the largest difference over the prefrontal cortex. The mean GI increases from prosimians to human brains with the highest values for non-human primates being in the pongid group. PMID- 3232855 TI - Topographic organization of the auditory thalamocortical system in the albino rat. AB - The organization of the auditory thalamocortical connections was studied in rats. Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin following injections into parietal, occipital and temporal cortex was used. The medial geniculate body, the suprageniculate, the lateral part of the nucleus posterior thalami, the posterior part of the nucleus lateralis thalami, and the nucleus ventroposterior project to the investigated part of the neocortex. Corresponding to different patterns of labeling, five areas of auditory neocortex were distinguished: 1. The rostral area is innervated by neurons of the nucleus ventroposterior, the lateral part of the nucleus posterior thalami, and the medial division of the medial geniculate body. 2. The dorsal area is innervated by neurons of the suprageniculate, the posterior part of the nucleus lateralis thalami and the rostral region of the dorsal division of the medial geniculate body. 3. The caudal area is innervated by neurons of the posterior part of the nucleus lateralis thalami, the suprageniculate, the medial division, the caudal region of the dorsal division and the ventrolateral nucleus of the medial geniculate body. 4. The ventral area is innervated by neurons of the suprageniculate, the medial division, the caudal region of the dorsal division, and the ventrolateral nucleus of the medial geniculate body. 5. The core area of the temporal cortex is exclusively connected to the caudal region of the medial division and the ventral division of the medial geniculate body. The findings of the present study indicate topographic organizations of the ventral division of the medial geniculate body and of the corea area. Four segments (a-d) of the ventral division each show a different set of topographic axes. They correspond to sets of topographic axes in the core area of the auditory cortex. These topographies characterize the segments which are each exclusively connected to one of the four fields of the core area. PMID- 3232857 TI - [Propellent-suction pumps of the lower limbs]. PMID- 3232856 TI - An ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of the Sertoli cell during the spermatogenic cycle of the rat. AB - The ultrastructure of Sertoli cells from selected stages of the spermatogenic cycle was assessed by morphometric analysis which showed significant changes in the morphological features of Sertoli cell cytoplasm at the commencement of the cycle (stage II) compared to the middle (stages VII-VIII) and the completion of the cycle (stages IX-XIV). Total volume and surface area of organelles (rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, mitochondria and Golgi) exhibited stage-dependent and cyclic variations as did the total surface area of Sertoli cell plasma membrane. Polarization of cytoplasmic organelles to basal or columnar regions of the Sertoli cell, exhibited particularly by the Golgi, rough ER and lysosomes also showed marked cyclic fluctuations during the spermatogenic cycle. Rough and smooth ER exhibited the most dramatic stage-dependent changes in total volume and surface area the former being respectively largest and smallest in stages VII-VIII and XIII-XIV, the latter organelle presenting the reverse pattern in these two groups of stages. Similar stage-dependent alterations of lysosome volume and surface area were also noted, being maximal during stages XIII-XIV-II and reaching a nadir at stage VIII. Although the functional role of most Sertoli cell organelles and inclusions remain largely unknown, the present study suggests that the cyclic and stage-dependent variations in ultrastructure probably reflect major changes in Sertoli cell function necessary for the regulation of the spermatogenic cycle. PMID- 3232858 TI - [Socioeconomic study on venous diseases]. PMID- 3232859 TI - [Isotopic lymphangiogammagraphy]. PMID- 3232860 TI - [Angle of safety in sclerotherapy]. PMID- 3232861 TI - [Puerperal thrombosis of the ovarian vein associated with an intracaval "floating" thrombus]. PMID- 3232862 TI - Standardbred stallion gene transmission for twelve protein systems: evidence for selection in trotters. AB - The transmission ratios of alleles at 12 protein marker loci were computed individually for American Standardbred stallions in a genealogy of 5392 phenotyped horses. Over all loci there was significant gene transmission distortion for trotting stallions (p = 0.0019) but not for pacing stallions (p = 0.99). The transmission distortion was due to sire-specific effects (p = 0.0024) and not to increased transmission of one or the other allele of a given heterozygous genotype (p = 0.21). Individual-specific, non-random transmission of homologous chromosomes may provide a mechanism for selection to operate without requiring differential fitness for specific alleles or genotypes in the population as a whole. PMID- 3232863 TI - Excess of heterozygotes at albumin locus in American Standardbred horses. AB - Data from 5934 matings of American Standardbred horses provided evidence for an excess of heterozygotes at the albumin locus, statistically significant (P less than 0.01) in one mating class (A1-AB stallions x Al-A dams), primarily attributed to an excess of heterozygotes among male offspring. PMID- 3232864 TI - ELA and fertility in American Standardbred horses. AB - We have analysed the effects of ELA alleles and sire-dam ELA incompatibility on two measures of fertility, gestation length and foaling rate, in American Standardbred horses. Using multivariate statistical methods, we corrected for the effects of confounding factors such as dam and sire age, parity, inbreeding, and sire-dam kinship. These analyses revealed substantial differences between Standardbred trotters and pacers in the effects of several confounding factors. There appear to be no ELA effects on gestation length in either trotters or pacers. However our results suggest that there may be ELA effects on foaling rate associated with specific dam alleles, with sire-dam incompatibility, and possibly with specific sire alleles, and that these effects differ between trotters and pacers. PMID- 3232865 TI - Evaluation of breed as a risk factor for sarcoid and uveitis in horses. AB - The relationship between breed and the risk of developing sarcoid tumours or uveitis of unknown etiology was evaluated in a retrospective study of 16242 equine cases admitted between 1975 and 1987 to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine Large Animal Hospital, and 3198 equine tissue samples sent to the New York State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory between 1977 and 1987. Of 120 sarcoid cases from the Large Animal Hospital, sarcoids were twice as likely to develop in Quarter Horses (odds ratio, OR = 1.8, P less than 0.05) relative to Thoroughbreds and less than half as likely to develop in Standardbreds (OR = 0.2, P less than 0.001) relative to Thoroughbreds. Similarly, of 376 sarcoid cases from the Diagnostic Laboratory, Quarter Horses had a significantly higher risk of developing sarcoid (OR = 2.0, P less than 0.001) relative to Thoroughbreds, while Standardbreds had a significantly lower risk of developing sarcoid (OR = 0.5, P less than 0.05) relative to Thoroughbreds. In the uveitis diagnosis category, Appaloosas had a significantly higher risk of developing uveitis (OR = 6.4, P less than 0.001) relative to Thoroughbreds, while Standardbreds had a significantly lower risk of developing uveitis (OR = 0.4, P less than 0.05) relative to Thoroughbreds. PMID- 3232866 TI - Effects of bovine colostrum, foal serum immunoglobulin concentration and intravenous plasma transfusion on chemiluminescence response of foal neutrophils. AB - The effects of bovine colostrum, absorption of equine colostral immunoglobulins and age on phagocytic and serum opsonizing activity of nine clinically healthy foals were examined. Cells and serum were collected prior to suckling and at 7, 14 and 28 days of age. Seven foals had serum IgG concentrations greater than 600 mg/dl whereas two foals had less than 350 mg of IgG/dl. Phagocytic and serum opsonic activity of eight clinically ill foals with less than 400 mg of IgG/dl of serum were also examined before and after plasma transfusion. Phagocytic and serum opsonizing activities were evaluated by an assay for chemiluminescence (CL) after addition of opsonized streptococci. Results showed that bovine colostrum stimulated CL of foal neutrophils. Preliminary characterization of opsonins in bovine colostrum by ammonium sulphate fractionating and heat inactivation indicated that opsonins generating CL were mainly associated with immunoglobulin G. Chemiluminescence generated by foal neutrophils varied with age with foal neutrophils collected at day 14 producing more CL than adult neutrophils (P less than 0.05). Foal serum opsonizing activity was similar to adult opsonizing activity if serum IgG concentrations were greater than 600 mg/dl but it was less if IgG concentration was less than 350 mg/dl (P less than 0.05). Chemiluminescence generated by foal and adult neutrophils was higher when post transfusion foal serum was used as the source of opsonin than when pre transfusion foal serum was used (P less than 0.05). When adult serum was the opsonin, chemiluminescence of foal neutrophils collected before and after plasma transfusion did not differ. The increase in CL following plasma transfusion was probably due to an increase in serum opsonizing activity. PMID- 3232867 TI - [Enterobacteriaceae: genera and species in 1988]. AB - Numerical taxonomy, G + C content determination, DNA-DNA reassociation studies and divergence values delta tm) elicit considerable proliferation in the number of genera and species in recent years. Until 1988 Enterobacteriaceae contain 30 genera and 99 species which can be identified by biochemical tests. Only 20-25 species of Enterobacteriaceae family are of real importance in medical microbiology. PMID- 3232868 TI - Lipoprotein changes in familial hypercholesterolemia after extracorporeal immunoadsorption of low density lipoproteins. AB - The effects of extracorporeal immunoadsorption of LDL on the lipoprotein metabolism in two patients with familial hypercholesterolemia are reported. The immunoadsorbent consisted of F(ab')2 fragments of sheep anti-LDL antibodies, which had been coupled to Sepharose CL 4B. Within a time period of 3 to 3.5 hours a mean reduction of the level of total cholesterol by 76 +/- 4 p. cent could be obtained. The level of LDL cholesterol was reduced by 78 +/- 4 p. cent and the level of apo. B by 84 +/- 5 p. cent. Both LDL and VLDL were bound to the immunoadsorbent, while HDL was predominantly lowered by the plasma-dilution, which was in the order of 20 p. cent. The same was true for other serum proteins, not related to LDL or VLDL. The relative distribution of the different lipoprotein classes was again reached 3 days after the treatment, the initial lipid and apolipoprotein levels two to three weeks after the treatment. In a long term therapy consisting of 45 treatments with a mean interval of 18 days between two treatments a mean cholesterol lowering of 42 p. cent could be achieved. No adverse effects and no sensitization to be heterologous protein were observed. PMID- 3232869 TI - [Comparison of 11 electrochemical detectors used in high performance liquid chromatography]. AB - Electrochemical detection is more and more frequently used in clinical chemistry. The performances of eleven detectors (sensitivity stability, limit of detection, figure of merit) have been compared. There is a large variation in results for sensitivity and figure of merit, but all of these detectors seem stable and reproducible. PMID- 3232871 TI - Structural similarity in Bowman-Birk type protease inhibitors based on hydrophobicity. AB - The degree of similarity in the three-dimensional structures of thirteen legume Bowman-Birk type protease inhibitors has been examined on the basis of the patterns of hydrophobicity found in their amino acid sequences, following the procedure described by Sweet & Eisenberg (1983). In the group of such double headed protease inhibitors two sub-groups are distinguished presenting high structural similarity among their respective members and low similarity between them. Phylogenetic trees have been constructed from hydrophobicity difference and minimum mutational distance matrices, respectively. PMID- 3232872 TI - [Echocardiographic follow-up of insulin-dependent diabetics]. AB - Results of echocardiographic test made on 29 patients with Diabetes Mellitus type I, under 14 years of age, on two occasions with an average of 33 months between test are presented. Anomalies were detected in approximately 30% of patients and persisted in re-evaluations of those patients with more than three altered parameters. Decrease of septal movement, as an index of myocardial contractibility affectation, is the only parameter which increased rate with time. Authors do not find any correlation between echocardiographic anomalies and age, sex, duration of diabetes, insulin doses and glycohemoglobin values. Due to high incidence of echocardiographic anomalies detected, they recommend these test be conducted periodically on type I diabetics, even though relation between control of the illness and long-term complications still appears to be uncertain. PMID- 3232870 TI - [Rapid determination of protein C activity]. AB - The diagnosis of Protein C (PC) congenital deficiency is of first importance because it leads, more frequently than Antithrombin III deficiency, to serious thromboembolic accidents in young patients, even when PC levels are slightly decreased (40 p. cent up to 60 p. cent). In order to measure PC activity, the authors developed a new method using the activator from Agkistrodon C. Contortrix snake venom and the synthetic chromogenic substrate CBS 65-25. Results obtained on plasma from normal individuals, congenital and acquired deficiencies, are comparable on the one hand, to those found with an ELISA method, and on the other hand with the clotting method, except for patients under anticoagulant therapy. This new rapid and sensitive method can be performed manually and is easily adapted on instruments used in clinical chemistry laboratories. This method is potentially available for routine use. PMID- 3232873 TI - [Experimental study on the process of repair-healing of the flexor system in the growing chick]. AB - In the present work, in view of the concern for tendinous injuries in children hand flexor apparatus, tendinous healing and its functional and morphological recuperation were studied after section and surgical restoration of the leg flexor apparatus of chicken at different growth stages. We conclude that best results are obtained when the rehabilitation begins ten days after surgery. PMID- 3232874 TI - [Cervical adenitis caused by atypical mycobacteria in childhood]. AB - Six cases of atypical mycobacterial cervical adenitis in children, seen from 1983 to 1987 are reported. All were demonstrated by culture. Commentaries on publications are made and indications of internationally accepted treatment are given. PMID- 3232875 TI - [Caustic burns of the esophagus in childhood. Our 14 years' experience]. AB - A 14-years revision (1972-1986) is made of 3,600 children attended to after ingesting some type of caustic agent. Only 81 were admitted to hospital. We found a predominance in the 1-3 year age group. Bleach was the caustic most frequently present but lye accounted for most major lesions. The more relevant symptoms were oropharyngeal lesions (85%), vomiting (26%) and sialorrhea (20%). Oropharyngeal burns was the sign most often found in esophageal lesions (45%). The ingestion of ordinary household bleach did not result in serious esophageal lesions nor posterior complications, and does not require esophagoscopy if no other symptom except vomiting is present. Esophagoscopy is the ideal means for evaluating esophageal lesions, as are esophageal dilatations with Rehbein dilators for stenosis due to scarring. With the use of corticosteroids in the acute phase, there were 8 cases (22%) of esophageal stenosis out of 36 with lesions. PMID- 3232877 TI - [Minor malformations and variants of normality at birth. I: Minor craniofacial anomalies]. AB - Authors have studied the presence of minor variant malformations of craniofacial normalities in 189 newborns. Results were grouped according to different anatomical areas where they settled. They have found a greater expressiveness of minor anomalies and, above all, in the auricular external car and, in minor proportion, in the nose and ocular orbs. Results are similar in some cases with the scarce preexistent data, but they differ meaningly with others; maybe that this is produced by the own distinct geographic areas variations. PMID- 3232876 TI - [Reiter's syndrome: considerations on the frequency and mid-term course of its juvenile form]. AB - Reiter's Syndrome (RS) is not common in children and adolescents. From 1982 to 1987 we have seen 13 pediatric patients (8 male and 5 female) with clinical manifestations that characterized RS. Age of onset was 13 years. Clinical findings have been arthritis (100%) involving the knee and ankle joints, heel pain (84%), lumbosacral pain (38%). One to three weeks before joint involvement, six patients (46%) complained of urethritis, 5 (38%) had enteritis and two patients had both. 46% of the patients had HLA-B27 antigen. Radiologic findings were sacroileitis in five patients and calcaneal spurs. All patients were treated with non-steroidal antiinflammatory therapy and, in general, there was a clinical remission in 1-3 months. Nevertheless, after 4 years of follow up, 2 patients had acute relapsing arthritis and 4 had chronic arthropathy. Three patients have developed secondary ankylosing spondylitis. RS is not all that infrequent in pediatric patients with joint involvements if one looks for urethritis, enteritis, eye involvement and cutaneous manifestations. The clinical course is favorable, but there might be some chronic or relapsing cases. Some patients can developed secondary ankylosing spondylitis. For that reason a prolonged follow up of these patients is necessary. PMID- 3232878 TI - [Epidemic outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis coincident with an epidemic of neonatal rotavirus gastroenteritis]. AB - Authors present four cases of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis occurred during an outbreak of acute enteritis. From november 1985 to beginning of february 1986, forty-seven out of 588 newborn infants were involved. In 22 affected infants (46.8%) rotavirus were isolated from stools, whereas no bacterial or viral agent was recovered in 25 (53.2%). Four cases (8.6%) developed necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 3232880 TI - [Isoimmune neonatal neutropenia: apropos of a case]. AB - Etiological diagnosis is a very important aspect in neonatal neutropenias because of different prognosis that implies. Isoimmune neonatal neutropenia is one of these processes, with good prognosis and which is rarely diagnosed; it is due to maternal isoimmunization during pregnancy against a foetus specific neutrophil antigen, inherited from the father. Authors present a case, in which a deep neutropenia during the first fifteen days of life, was observed with high monocytosis and without other associations; baby returned to normal levels when he was three months old. Presence of an antineutrophil antibody in mother's serum, with specificity against father's and baby's granulocytes was demonstrated. Bibliography is revised and differential diagnosis and treatment is discussed. PMID- 3232881 TI - [Canavan's disease: apropos of a case]. AB - One case of spongy degeneration of CNS in infancy is presented. Main clinical features were, complete failure of motor and mental development, sudden hypotonia and hyperreflexia, blindness and optic atrophy. Computed tomography demonstrated a decrease in white matter density of cerebral hemispheres. Histopathological studies confirmed clinical diagnosis of Canavan's disease and indicated presence of abnormal mitochondria in accordance with those reported in the literature. PMID- 3232879 TI - [Free fluoride content in Spanish infant formulas]. AB - A study on the content of free fluoride in 39 milk formulae available in Spain. The selective ion electrode method has been selected. All formulae but one supply F amounts inadequate for cavities prophylaxis. Additional F should before be routinely administered per os in the form of sodium fluoride. PMID- 3232882 TI - [Lithium poisoning in a newborn infant]. PMID- 3232883 TI - [Use of high doses of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of neonatal thrombocytopenia secondary to maternal idiopathic thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 3232884 TI - [Congenital defects of the intestinal wall: surgical complications]. PMID- 3232886 TI - [Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis]. PMID- 3232885 TI - [Episodic dysfunction of the pupil]. PMID- 3232887 TI - [Isolated paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve in a child]. PMID- 3232888 TI - [Segmental dilatation of the ileum: presentation of a case]. PMID- 3232889 TI - [Seronegative arthritis associated with celiac disease]. PMID- 3232890 TI - [New expectations in the control of hepatitis B virus infection]. PMID- 3232891 TI - [Prevalence of hepatitis caused by A, B and D virus in children]. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence due to hepatitis A, B and D viruses infection in children. A total of 286 children from Madrid area with ages ranging between 0 and 13 years were included. The sample was randomized with respect to the sex and age referring to the total population of Madrid. The anti HAV was positive in 15.16% of cases, with an increasing lineal correlation with age. Any marker of HBV infection was found in 6.6% and HBsAg in 1.4%. There was an exponential correlation between the carrier state and the age, with a maximum at the first year and diminishing thereafter with age. The 21% of the cases with positive HBV-markers were HBsAg carriers. A predominant perinatal and intrafamiliar transmission of HBV was detected. Our results indicate a intermediate prevalence of HBV infection in Spain, suggesting the importance of HBsAg detection in pregnant women. None of the HBV-infected cases had anti-HD. PMID- 3232893 TI - [Cerebral abscess in childhood]. AB - The brain abscess is not frequent in childhood. However, they have important and serious consequences. We have studied the natural history of fifteen cases, emphasizing the situations in which they appear with the purpose to avoid them. Our results are similar to those of other series in regard to the etiology, manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. The incidence was greater in males (66.6%) and between 10 to 15 years of age (53.3%). ENT infections and meningoencephalitis were the main origin in the same proportion (33.3%), followed by cyanotic congenital heart diseases (13.3%). Mortality rate was 20% and two survivors (13.3%) showed very important motor sequel. One of them (6.6%), also had a partial epilepsy. Our results recall the need for a better knowledge of pathogenesis and treatment of these patients. PMID- 3232894 TI - [Total neutrophils and age as prognostic factors of meningococcal sepsis]. AB - Meningococcal sepsis is a frequent disease in our population with a bad prognosis even in a few hours. The search for easy and fast to obtain criteria of severity is essential decrease in order to the mortality rates. We have studied in 56 patients ranged from two months to six years, with bacteriological confirmation of meningococcal sepsis, the clinical and analytical parameters at admission, in order to find those parameters with a better correlation with the severity of the process. Global mortality was 25%. Eleven out of 21 children (52%) with less than 2,000 neutrophils in peripheral blood at the time of admission died, while only three died in the 35 resting group (p less than 0.01). When it was associated with a small age, less than two years, mortality raised up to 60%. In our series, the prognosis based upon the total neutrophils at admission, can be compared with that obtained from the five parameters of severity from Sthiem-Samrosch, that take an hour to be obtained. Absolute neutrophil count and age, can be obtained at the time of admission assessing the severity of the disease in short time. PMID- 3232892 TI - [Dopamine in hypotensive neonates. Study of 31 cases]. AB - We have studied retrospectively the effects of dopamine in 31 hypotensive newborn infants four hours to twenty days of age, which did not improve with conventional therapy. Hypotension aetiology was in 23 septic, cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock, in 6 hemodynamic instability in patients with hyalin membrane disease (HMD), and in two patients after tolazoline treatment in neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension. Arterial blood pressure significantly increased when doses 5 to 10 mg/kg/min dopamine were used. Diuresis significantly increased comparing 8 hours before and after dopamine infusion. Dopamine was considered to be clinically effective in similar rates in septic (47.6%) and cardiogenic shock (40%), in all cases of hypovolemic shock (after volume infusion) and in hypotension produced by tolazoline; in hypotensive newborn infants with HMD was effective in 83.3%. Tachycardia was present in five infants with high dose (17.4 +/- 8.4 mcg/kg/min.), it returned to normal value when dopamine was decreased or discontinued. Dopamine efficacy and its lack of severe secondary effects justifies its use in neonatal hypotension. PMID- 3232895 TI - [Mental deficiency associated with a fragility of the X chromosome]. AB - Fragile X chromosome was studied in 44 male and 9 female children, affected of mental retardation. In 10 males fragile X was positive. All this patients presented mild mental deficiency with and IQ from 55 to 75. Behaviour was generally hyperkinetic except one autistic boy. Most frequent dysmorphic signs were increased head circumference and prominent large ears. Family history for mental retardation was positive almost in all cases. High percentage of children with fragile X syndrome (22.7%) encountered among male patients suggest convenience of screening, for these anomaly, of all boys affected of mild mental deficiency and all those with an autistic behaviour although lacking of dysmorphic characteristics. This will allow to know more on etiology and to offer genetic counseling to families. Although study in girls was negative, authors believe it is interesting to screen fragile X because some females with border line retardation present this chromosomic anomaly. PMID- 3232896 TI - [Congenital unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia]. AB - Authors report twelve patients who presented unilateral diminished lung volume on chest x-ray and analyze ECG, bronchography, lung scan and angiography performed in this patients. Based on these data and following classification proposed by CURRARINO they divide patients in groups: 1) Simple lung hypoplasia, seven cases, four of these were of the left side. 2) Absence of one pulmonary artery, two cases. 3) Scimitar syndrome, three cases. Eleven patients have remained free of significant symptoms. Authors believe that diagnostic work-up of a patient with unilateral diminished lung volume on chest x-ray should depend on clinical symptoms and possibility of surgical treatment. Therapeutic approach will depend on clinical and anatomic findings. PMID- 3232897 TI - [Persistence of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity in children with non-IgE dependent bronchial asthma: pharmacologic study with the Carbachol test]. AB - The authors revise their preliminary experiment with the bronchial provocation test using carbachol in 50 children of 5 to 14 years with non-IgE dependent bronchial asthma who had been asymptomatic for one year prior to the test in order to make a clinical evaluation of asthma. The observe the evolution of the non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity (NSBH) with respect to the clinical remission and determine whether the persistence of NSBH is correlated to certain clinical, epidemiological and analytical parameters (peripheral eosinophilia, total IgE). In 22 children (44%) the functional respiratory examination was normal throughout each phase of the test. In the other 56%, the functional respiratory study using carbachol showed exhalation reductions which suggested NSBH. The most significant parameters were the reductions in FEV1, PEF (p less than 0.001) and FMEF (p = 0.001). Thus the patients revealing NSBH in the carbachol test are characterised for having revealed acute asthma of higher intensity, more often associated with an acute respiratory infection and with lower values of total IgE (p less than 0.05) with respect to the group without NSBH in the carbachol test. PMID- 3232899 TI - [Microcephalia vera. Genetic heterogeneity and mental retardation]. AB - Genetic counseling has been carried in 30 families with 51 patients affected of microcephalia. An exogenous cause was determined in 13 cases. In two cases authors do not find a definite aetiology. Microcephalia vera AD can be demonstrated in seven families, and microcephalia vera AR eight. This last form showed always typical phenotype, but the former was present without any peculiar traits. Main observation is that mental retardation is not always conditioned by inheritance form. PMID- 3232898 TI - [Carcinoma of the thyroid in childhood]. AB - Authors present two cases of thyroid carcinoma in female patients ages 6 and 7 years with a two month evolution before diagnosis. Thyroid scintiscans showed a "cold nodule" in both. One was a papillary carcinoma and the other a mixed papillary-follicular carcinoma. The long term resulted were good. These neoplasms usually appear as asymptomatic thyroid nodules with normal functional status. Treatment must be medical and surgical. The most frequent type is the papillary carcinoma and the prognosis at 5 years is very good. PMID- 3232900 TI - [Osteoid osteoma in childhood: apropos of 6 cases]. AB - Six cases of children diagnosed as having osteoid osteoma with different localization are reviewed. They constitute 0.04% of all those admitted to the paediatrics department. The average age is 8 1/12 years and three exists a male predominance over the female in the proportion of 2/1. The clinic has shown it self through characteristic pain, with nocturnal paroxysms, which disappears with aspirin, in addition to functional impotence and muscular atrophy. In the case of vertebral localization, scoliosis was detected. Both, the radiography and the computerized axial tomography showed to be efficient for the diagnosis, which was confirmed anatomo-pathologically in the case operated on. The evolution was satisfactory in all of them. PMID- 3232901 TI - [Pulmonary abscess in subjacent congenital malformation in infants]. PMID- 3232903 TI - Long-term follow-up of traumatic unilateral superior oblique palsy. AB - Twenty-four cases of traumatic unilateral superior oblique palsy were followed-up during a mean period of 5.3 years. Hypertropia in the primary position and a positive Bielschowsky test were present in 100% of the cases, compensating head posture in 71%, and excyclotorsion in 25%. Six patients needed surgical correction; 18 were cured spontaneously during a mean period of 9.2 months. PMID- 3232902 TI - [Crohn's disease with exclusive ileal involvement]. PMID- 3232904 TI - Lack of relationship between lactose absorption and senile cataracts. AB - In a double-blind study using the hydrogen breath-excretion test to identify lactase status, we found 45% of absorbers in a group of 64 patients with senile cataracts compared with 71% of absorbers in the control group. These results oppose the hypothesis that lactose absorbers are especially prone to develop senile cataracts. PMID- 3232905 TI - Monocular visual-field testing under binocular conditions. AB - Spectacles with plastic polarizers in front of each eye, with the polarizing axis at right angles to each other, permit monocular visual-field tangent screen testing under binocular conditions, provided a rotatable polarizer is attached in front of the standard ophthalmic slide projector which generates the test light. PMID- 3232906 TI - [Combined pharmacologic and surgical therapy of epithelial malignant neoplasms of the ovary in FIGO stages III-IV]. PMID- 3232907 TI - [Comparison of serum determinations of CA125, CA15-3 and CA50 in the preoperative evaluation of adnexal tumors]. PMID- 3232909 TI - [Analysis of failures in radiation and surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma in FIGO stage I]. PMID- 3232908 TI - [Endometrial carcinoma in stage III. Clinicopathologic problems]. PMID- 3232910 TI - [Congenital malformations of the female genital tract and gestation capacity]. PMID- 3232911 TI - [Invasive osteolytic trichilemnal cyst. Histopathologic aspect: non-proliferative trichilemnal cyst]. PMID- 3232912 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Orf of pyogenic granuloma type]. PMID- 3232913 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Becker's nevus with ipsilateral mammary hypoplasia]. PMID- 3232914 TI - [Treatment of hyperhidrosis]. PMID- 3232915 TI - Leishmaniasis in the province of Salamanca, Spain. Prevalence in dogs and seasonal dynamics of vectors. AB - Of 433 dogs examined in 4 natural zones of Salamanca Province, Spain, the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis (IFAT titres greater than or equal to 1/80) was 0-3% in most mountain villages and from the Castillian plateau (greater than 600 m.a.s.l.) and 10-15% in villages situated on hillsides ("flanc du coteau") with elevations less than 600 m.a.s.l. An exception was the high prevalence found in the area around the city of Salamanca owing to its height (800 m.a.s.l.) and flood-plain situation. Of 5,105 sandflies captured with sticky traps, P. perniciosus and P. ariasi were well represented at the sites with high prevalences of canine leishmaniasis but not elsewhere. Their abundance in the periurban area of the city of Salamanca is attributed mainly to human transformation of the environment. Of the two species, only with P. ariasi can a linear relationship be observed between density and the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis, which seems to show that in Salamanca P. ariasi is its main vector. The probable lower observed vectorial capacity of P. perniciosus could be due to the fact that no progressive physiological ageing towards the end of the summer was observed. Patients with leishmaniasis in the Province come from sites with the highest prevalence of canine leishmaniasis. PMID- 3232916 TI - [Enhancement of resistance of mice Toxoplasma gondii by 2 polysaccharides beta 1 3, beta 1-6 (PSAT and Scleroglucan)]. AB - The protective effect of PSAT and Scleroglucan (beta 1-3, beta 1-6 polysaccharides), has been studied in mice infected with different strains of Toxoplasma gondii (RH, attenuated RH or Prugniaud strains). Intramuscular or intravenous administration of PSAT before infection of mice by the attenuated RH strain, resulted in a significant enhancement of survival: 100% of survival in the treated group, compared to 33% in controls and 50% in mice pretreated with Scleroglucan (10 mg/kg, intravenously). In contrast, there was no difference in the survival rate between the group treated with PSAT (1 mg/kg, IV) and the control in mice infected with the virulent RH strain: all mice died between day 7 and day 8. In mice infected with 15 cysts of the Prugniaud strain a decrease in the chemiluminescence (CL) of peritoneal macrophages and of the number of cysts in the brain of mice were observed in mice treated either with PSAT (1 mg/kg, IM) or scleroglucan (10 mg/kg, IM). PMID- 3232917 TI - Zoonotic parasite infections of the Arabian sacred baboon Papio hamadryas arabicus Thomas in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia. AB - Evidence of zoonotic parasite infection was recorded in the faeces of the Arabian Sacred Baboon in human populated residential and non-residential areas in Asir, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Cysts of Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica, and ova of Hymenolepis nana, Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., and a hookworm were encountered in 45 (about 39%) of 115 faecal samples examined. A higher rate of infection was observed in the residential areas. Most of the parasites recovered in the baboons were also found to infect humans in these areas. Since this primate has previously been reported to be of zoonotic potential, it is suggested that serious measures should be brought into effect to prevent human-baboon contact in the areas investigated. PMID- 3232918 TI - Wound healing in fetal limb organ culture. AB - The in vitro wound healing responses in whole-limb organ culture of fetal rats at day 19 of gestation were compared with the intrauterine wound repair. In vitro, after a skin incision was made in the lower forelimb, the subcutaneous tissue and the dermis regenerated. Reepithelialization appeared within two to five days. Thus, the wound healing was comparable to the intrauterine fetal wound repair. The whole limb organ culture may be a useful and suitable in vitro test system to study the mechanisms involved in fetal wound healing to search for compounds required in fetal skin regeneration and to test factors tht might influence it. PMID- 3232919 TI - Analysis of collagen content in the fetal wound. AB - The absence of apparent scar formation following the creation of surgical wounds in utero appears to be a phenomenon peculiarly privileged as a sequela of fetal wound healing. Little information exists to explain this disparity from our knowledge of adult wound healing. Therefore, following creation of surgical wounds in fetal rats, at different intervals the healing wounds were harvested and analyzed for collagen content and types. The average proportion of type III collagen was elevated in normal (26.5%) as well as wounded fetal skin (33.8%) when compared with normal levels for the adult (15%). The total collagen content was markedly diminished in the fetal wound. Although embryonal collagen synthesis apparently does exist in fetal reparative processes, the relationship to the lack of gross scarring remains undetermined. PMID- 3232921 TI - Latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap model in the rabbit: a hemodynamic and anatomical study. AB - The rabbit island and peninsular axial pattern latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous (LDM) flaps were assessed for their appropriate use as experimental musculocutaneous flap models. Contralateral island and peninsular LDM flaps (10 X 20 cm) were constructed on rabbits, and their vascular anatomy, hemodynamics, and viability were compared. Anatomical dissections and fluorescein dye studies revealed that the skin overlying the latissimus dorsi muscle received its blood supply mainly from a direct cutaneous branch of the thoracodorsal artery before its entry to the latissimus dorsi muscle. A few small musculocutaneous arteries (perforators) were seen in the proximal portion of the latissimus dorsi muscle, but these perforators provided very little blood supply to the overlying skin. Results from hemodynamic and viability studies with rabbit peninsular and island LDM flaps also indicated that the blood supply from the musculocutaneous arteries to the overlying skin paddle was small and could not reliably support the survival of the cutaneous portion of these musculocutaneous flaps. We conclude that rabbit LDM flaps are different in vascular structure and blood supply compared with the human LDM flaps. Thus, discretion should be advised in applying the rabbit peninsular or island LDM flaps as experimental flap models for the study of the pathophysiology and pharmacology of the musculocutaneous flaps relevant to the clinical situation. PMID- 3232920 TI - Human bites of the face with tissue losses. AB - Human bites of the face are common in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Twenty-four such patients with tissue losses seen over a period of two years (1983-1985) at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital were studied. Women in their third decade of life seem to be most at risk; the lips and ears are most frequently bitten. Primary repair and administration of systemic antibiotics within 24 hours of the injury gave good results. Secondary reconstructive repair is advised if the patient is seen 24 hours after the time of the bite. The reconstruction of the whole pinna has been difficult in our experience and external prosthetic replacement is advocated in such cases as an alternative to microsurgical replantation. Free use of certain facial flaps has been avoided for fear of creating keloid scars because we are dealing with a purely black population. PMID- 3232922 TI - Microvascular free tissue transfer after arterial revascularization in the elderly: an alternative to amputation. AB - Extensive tissue loss associated with ischemia is a common problem in the elderly population with vascular insufficiency. This study involves 3 patients who underwent free tissue transfer following arterial revascularization for limb salvage. Latissimus dorsi, internal oblique muscles, and temporoparietal fascia free flaps were used. Two patients had the recipient vessel reconstituted by collaterals after complete atherosclerotic occlusion. There were no postoperative complications, and the reconstructive procedure never precipitated ischemia of the revascularized extremity. We conclude that free tissue transfers can be performed safely with good functional results in elderly patients. Such transfers should be considered an alternative to amputation and a rational step after arterial revascularization for limb salvage in patients with complex, nonhealing soft tissue defects. PMID- 3232923 TI - Primary lymphedema of the scrotum: surgical treatment and reconstruction. AB - Lymphedema of the penis and scrotum has significantly functional, cosmetic, psychological, and possibly malignant consequences for the affected patient. The authors have treated 3 patients with lymphedema of the scrotum by radical excision of all lymphedematous scrotal tissue and reconstruction using posterolaterally based scrotal flaps. Patients have been followed for six months to one year: There has been no recurrence of lymphedema. No complications were encountered, and cosmetic results were satisfactory. PMID- 3232924 TI - The free or pedicled saphenous flap. AB - The saphenous flap described by Acland is a septocutaneous artery flap based on the saphenous vessels and great saphenous vein. The use of this flap in 2 patients who required soft tissue coverage is reported herein. The saphenous flap has the advantages of thin and pliable skin, a long and large pedicle, and the technical possibility of combination with the sartorius muscle, sensory nerve, and the femur or tibia. Donor defects are usually closed directly and cause no functional limitations. This flap is useful for the coverage of thin defects that require mobility, especially in the extremities or the intraoral region. It also could be used for the reconstruction of various types of organ losses (e.g., as a motor providing musculocutaneous flap, an osteocutaneous flap involving the femur or the tibia, and/or a vascularized nerve graft). PMID- 3232925 TI - Sapphire ring constriction syndrome. AB - An uncommon case of a partially embedded ring under the skin is presented. A technique for removal is described. All previously reported cases as well as ours occurred in mentally handicapped individuals. PMID- 3232927 TI - Rupture of the radial collateral ligament of the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint. AB - Isolated rupture of the radial collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the fifth digit is a rare but disabling injury. Treatment is complicated by the influence of the hypothenar musculature, which deviates toward the ulna and flexes the digit. We have managed two cases, one chronic and one acute, by open reduction and repair. Both cases demonstrated distraction of the collateral ligament ends by the extensor sagittal band. This operative finding is not too dissimilar from the interposition of the adductor pollicis tendon between the ends of a ruptured ulnar collateral ligament in a gamekeeper's thumb injury. Because of this finding, we believe that open reduction and repair of a ruptured radial collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the fifth digit is indicated. PMID- 3232926 TI - Immediate reconstruction of the auricle using the amputated cartilage and the temporoparietal fascia. AB - Successful restoration of the auricle following amputation using microsurgical techniques for reimplantation remains the best reconstructive alternative. In many cases of partial amputation, however, this option may not be technically feasible. Deepithelialization of the amputated part followed by coverage of the ear cartilage using an ipsilateral temporoparietal fascia turn-down flap may allow a single-stage salvage procedure that provides an acceptable final result. PMID- 3232928 TI - The use of maggots in wound debridement. AB - Since antiquity, clinicians have observed that maggots can provide debridement of necrotic wounds, but the therapeutic use has declined since the advent of aseptic wound management and antibiotics. In certain difficult wounds, the use of maggots for debridement may have a role. If so, the larvae must be prepared prospectively to control the bacterial population of the insect's intestinal tract and integument. The mechanism of wound debridement by maggots includes the secretion of proteolytic enzymes and antibacterial substances. A case of infestation of a necrotic wound in a patient with cancer of the head and neck is presented including the entomological identification and description of the maggots. PMID- 3232929 TI - The hypospadias silicone loop: a method to treat strictures of the distal reconstructed urethra. AB - The silicone loop was used to ensure patency of the distal urethra reconstructed by a tubularized full-thickness skin graft in patients with proximal or penoscrotal hypospadias. By this method we avoid repeated dilations of the urethra and the attendant anesthesia and discomfort to the patient. PMID- 3232930 TI - Venous outflow simplified by the cephalic vein loop. AB - Long vein loops derived from the major upper extremity superficial veins may be accessed for venous outflow in difficult cases of trunk, arm, or head and neck free tissue transfers when local possibilities have proved inadequate. This technique may negate the need for an interposition vein graft to a deep venous system, reduce the number of microanastomoses required, and allow an easy end-to end anastomosis to a large caliber vessel. The cephalic vein loop would be the most versatile option because a great length can be achieved with minimal dissection. PMID- 3232931 TI - The application of free twin flaps in one-stage treatment of severe hand deformity. AB - Twin flaps from the plantar non-weight-bearing region and lower medial leg have been designed and performed in 7 patients, 1 of whom had bilateral twin flaps. The twin flaps possess different textures of tissues that are particularly suitable for repair of hand deformity involving both the palm and the dorsum. Technical points of raising twin flaps are detailed and their indications discussed. PMID- 3232932 TI - Augmentation blepharoplasty. AB - Conventional lower lid blepharoplasty techniques emphasize the removal of excess skin and fatty bulges of the lower eyelid. The appearance is improved at the expense of lateral pretarsal flatness associated with the senile eyelid. Augmentation blepharoplasty is a modified technique for a lower lid blepharoplasty using an overlapping orbicularis oculi muscle repair to increase pretarsal fullness, which is associated with the youthful lower eyelid. The technique was used successfully in 30 consecutive, unselected patients, and this experience is reviewed in detail. The technique, surgical anatomy, and complications are outlined. The results prove this technique to be a safe method of lower lid blepharoplasty that does not interfere with the additional goals of periorbital fat and excess skin removal. PMID- 3232933 TI - Modified temple incision for facial rhytidectomy. AB - A modified temple incision is discussed. The incision has been used on 286 patients. The incision starts cephalad in the temple hair, continues caudally parallel to the ear axis along the caudal border of the sideburn, turns cephalad close to the helix, and then continues along the anterior border of the ear. The advantages of the incision are numerous. First, it virtually eliminates any possibility for injury to the temporal branches of the facial nerve and preserves the temporal vessels. Second, the temple and sideburn skin flap is not elevated so the chance of hair loss is minimal. Third, the incision significantly increases the distribution length of the excised area; this minimizes any possibility of "dog ear" formation. Midface and upperface rhytidectomies are more effective because the skin is pulled a shorter distance. The drawbacks of the incision are the possibility of a visible scar in the most caudal portion of the sideburns and added surgical time because of the need for meticulous incision repair. PMID- 3232934 TI - Nine-year experience with subpectoral breast reconstruction after subcutaneous mastectomy in 98 patients utilizing saline-inflatable prostheses. AB - Over the past nine years, the saline-inflatable breast prosthesis has been used exclusively for submuscular reconstruction after subcutaneous mastectomy in 98 patients. Its expansion capability offers greater versatility in addressing various reconstructive situation. Acting as an immediate tissue expander, it accommodates a larger residual skin envelope or expands a smaller one for better cosmetic results. A low percentage of capsular contracture results in significant softness of the reconstructed breast. Indications, complications, technical considerations, and interesting findings are included for readers' consideration. The saline-inflatable breast prosthesis offers a unique alternative to the silicone and foam-covered prosthesis for subcutaneous mastectomy breast reconstruction. PMID- 3232935 TI - Implant descent: a complication of augmentation mammaplasty and its correction. AB - Descent of a prosthesis below the desired inframammary crease is an infrequent but disturbing complication of augmentation mammaplasty, which may occur for a number of reasons. Correction of this deformity requires excision of the protruding capsule, suture of the subcutaneous tissue to the underlying fascia, and postoperative compression for at least two weeks. This procedure has been performed on 15 patients with pleasing results. PMID- 3232936 TI - Basal joint reconstruction in a punch injury of the hand. AB - Severe hand trauma caused by an industrial accident resulted in composite tissue loss in the basal joint area of the right hand. The crushed metacarpal bone was replaced, and ligamentous and capsular reconstruction was performed with flexor carpi radialis tendon and additional tendon graft. We present our experience, with a follow-up of one year and eight months. PMID- 3232937 TI - An occipital dermoid tumor and sinus. AB - A rare case of an occipital dermoid sinus in a 14-year-old girl is presented. Failure to recognize such a lesion in a timely fashion can have fatal consequences. Extreme caution is advised when a sinus is found penetrating the occipital region because connection with the cranial venous confluence is common, and unanticipated penetration is associated with rapid and fatal exsanguination. Neurosurgical consultation and preparation for posterior fossa exploration and venous sinus repair should be made if full extirpation is anticipated. Clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of these rare lesions is reviewed. PMID- 3232938 TI - One-stage body contouring. AB - Body contouring for patients who have experienced massive weight loss requires multiple and extensive operations. A one-stage operative procedure was performed on 10 patients who have been followed for at least 18 months postoperatively. Combined brachioplasty, mammaplasty, abdominoplasty, and thigh reduction was carried out in one operation and proved to be safe, effective, and satisfactory. With this technique, we have achieved the goal of reducing the number of procedures while obtaining satisfactory results. PMID- 3232939 TI - Anisocoria following reduction of bilateral orbital floor fractures. AB - Anisocoria following orbital floor fractures or their repair has been infrequently reported. A case is presented of transient anisocoria following repair of bilateral orbital floor blowout fracture. This was present for less than two hours and resolved spontaneously. The cause is presumed to be a brief neuropraxia to the parasympathetic postganglionic fibers that follow the inferior oblique muscle, which may be entrapped in the fracture. Review of the pathophysiology is presented. PMID- 3232940 TI - Constriction band syndrome. AB - Thirty cases of constriction band syndrome diagnosed and treated with surgery at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, during 1973 to 1986 are reported. The incidence of this congenital anomaly could not be verified in this series because the number of cases was limited and the cause could not be concluded. The less frequent site of constriction band was the thumb, but acrocephalosyndactyly was the most common associated anomaly. All 30 cases were treated with surgery. One-stage Z-plasty encircling the limb was performed for those with pure constriction band. Cases of acrocephalosyndactyly were treated with staged separation of the digits as well as local flap and skin grafts. Good results were achieved in 16 of 20 patients with constriction band alone and in 4 of 10 acrosyndactyly cases. No compromised circulation of the distal limb or total flap loss was encountered in this study. This type of surgery certainly gives encouraging results. PMID- 3232941 TI - Babesia major: abomasal transmural potential difference, and antroduodenal motility changes associated with experimental infection in calf. AB - Transmural potential difference, pH and ionic concentrations of the abomasal contents were measured in three calves. Antroduodenal motor patterns were recorded using electrodes and strain-gauge transducers fixed on the antrum and the duodenum. The calves were infected with 8 x 10(9) Babesia major intravenously and a significant drop in transmural potential difference, concomitant with a steady increase in Na+ and K+ concentrations of the abomasal contents occurred within 2 days. The onset of fever on the 5th day after infection was associated with an increased frequency of duodenal migrating myoelectric complexes and episodes of bradygastria on the distal antrum. These changes disappeared at the end of fever. We conclude that transmural potential difference changes and Na+-K+ concentrations in the abomasal fluid could reflect changes in the ionic permeability of the gastric wall. These effects may represent early signs of Babesia infection. PMID- 3232942 TI - Changes in enzyme activities in the small intestine of rabbits during early infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. AB - In rabbits experimentally infected by fourth and fifth stages (L4 and S5) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis, 16 enzymatic activities in the small intestine were compared to control values, by means of a modified Api Zym method. In the proximal part of the gut, the wide depletion in brush border enzyme activities previously recorded with presence of adult T colubriformis was also noticed with L4 and S5. Moreover, a 10 to 23% reduction was observed for enzyme activities linked to lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. In the distal region of the small intestine, no difference in enzymatic activities was present between infected and control animals, although an hyperplasia of villi has been previously described in this part of the parasitised gut. Referring to these enzymatic results for the whole small intestine, the hypothesis of a mechanical effect of worms on the intestinal epithelium and/or disturbance in the renewal of epithelial cells is discussed. PMID- 3232943 TI - [Immunomodulator effects of 2 antibiotics, chloramphenicol and kitasamycin, in the chicken]. AB - One-day-old chickens treated via drinking water with kitasamycin (0.7 g/l for 6 days then 0.35 g/l for 15 days) or with chloramphenicol (1 g/l for 6 days the 0.5 g/l for 15 days), were immunized at the 24th day with sheep red blood cells. Body and spleen growths were recorded and compared to control every week for 5 weeks after immunization. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were measured by hemagglutinating antibodies titration, direct and indirect plaque forming cells (PFC) numeration, and graft versus host reaction (GVHR). Both antibiotics reduce antibody response and number of PFC, chloramphenicol being significantly more suppressive than kitasamycin. A short stimulation of cellular response is shown with kitasamycin, which stimulates GVHR, whereas chloramphenicol has a negative effect. PMID- 3232944 TI - Lactogenic immunity to transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) of swine induced by the attenuated Nouzilly strain of TGE virus: neutralizing antibody classes and protection. AB - An attenuated TGE coronavirus mutant (Nouzilly strain) relatively resistant to acidity and digestive enzymes was used for immunization of 11 seronegative pregnant sows, mainly by the oral route. Nouzilly strain is able to induce a protective lactogenic immunity in suckling piglets against severe virulent TGE challenge. However the level of neutralizing activity in serum and milk of vaccinated sows at the time of challenge exposure is not correlated with passive protection rate. Separation of the immunoglobulin classes bearing neutralizing activity in serum and milk from vaccinated sows, by ion-exchange chromatography, failed to demonstrate any relationship between antibody level of these fractions and passive protection rate of piglets. Our results suggest that IgA neutralizing antibodies present in milk are not the only parameters to consider to explain the lactogenic immunity induced by the Nouzilly strain given by oral route. PMID- 3232945 TI - [Effects of a sublethal concentration of molluscacide (CuCl2) on the reproductive activity and movements of the molluscan host Lymnaea truncatula Muller]. AB - The discharge of a 1 mg/l cupric chloride solution in the habitats of Lymnaea truncatula disturbed the reproductive activity and the movements of survivors. The fast emergence of the host snails led to colonization and egg deposit on the wet emerged area. The number of egg masses per snail and the daily covered distance were reduced. The shell size of snails hatched from egg masses was lower than control at the end of the experiment. These perturbations were maximum after the discharge and gradually disappeared. The significance of these results is discussed in relation with the combined and alternate control of L truncatula by chemical and biological means. PMID- 3232946 TI - [Combined and alternate control of Lymnaea truncatula Muller: comparative study of 3 technics for spreading of the molluscacide]. AB - A combined control of Lymnaea truncatula with two applications of a 1-mg/l cupric chloride solution in April and the use of predatory snails in June eliminates the host snails in 77% of its sedimentary habitats in a single year. The better results were obtained with a first discharge of the toxic in the running water of the habitats, and with a further pulverization on emerged areas. A time of 6-12 h between the two applications increased the mortality rate for the L truncatula of winter generation. The increase of the toxic volume during the first application had little effect on the mortality increase. PMID- 3232947 TI - Postoperative fever after major abdominal surgery. AB - The investigation is a report of postoperative fever in 608 patients, who had been subjected to major abdominal surgery. There were 259 patients (259/608: 43%) who developed fever, defined as a temperature higher than or equal to 38 degrees C, on at least two consecutive measurements. A focus as an explanation of the fever could be demonstrated in 93 patients (93/259: 36%). The most frequent extraabdominal fever foci were in order of magnitude: pulmonary infection, wound infection and urinary infection. In those patients where a focus was present the maximum temperature as well as the duration of fever was longer than in patients without a focus. The time from operation to onset of fever did not differ in the two groups. PMID- 3232949 TI - C-reactive protein (CRP) and pancreatic necrosis in acute necrotising pancreatitis. AB - C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured on the operation day in 35 patients with acute necrotising pancreatitis. In this prospective study the CRP level differentiated with high significance (p less than 0.001) the patients with extensive pancreatic necrosis from the patients with limited pancreatic necrosis. A marked variation in CRP production was demonstrated in both groups. Therefore in individual cases CRP alone is not a reliable predictor of pancreatic necrosis. PMID- 3232948 TI - Urinary and sexual dysfunction after rectosigmoid surgery. AB - Urodynamic investigations were performed on 24 patients undergoing anterior resection or abdominoperineal excision of the rectum for carcinoma or benign disease. Anterior resection did not cause any changes in bladder function, but 4 out of the 10 preoperatively potent males (40%) had ejaculatory or erectile dysfunction after surgery. Bladder decentralization was observed in 4 out of 9 patients (44%) after abdominoperineal excision. Pressure measurements from abdominal stomas can be irrelevant and should be avoided. Postoperative urodynamic findings are difficult to interpret without a knowledge of the preoperative state of lower urinary tract function. PMID- 3232950 TI - Recurrent varicose veins--is there a role for varicography? AB - Recurrent varicose veins are a common problem. Ascending phlebography has been used to identify possible incompetent perforating veins. The method is accurate in the leg, but much less so in the thigh. In this study, thirteen patients with recurrent varicose veins were examined with varicography, i.e. direct injection of contrast medium into a dilated varicosity. The method is especially valuable in the thigh. In this study 12 of 13 of the patients with recurrent varicose veins had incompetent perforating veins in the thigh, which would have been missed with a more simple procedure. PMID- 3232951 TI - The role of the vascular laboratory in the management of major lower limb amputations. AB - Since the assumption that vascular laboratory data improves the predictability of below-knee (BK) amputation healing is largely based on retrospective studies, a comparison between the success rates of BK amputations was performed between two consecutive 50-month periods. During the first period the level of major lower limb amputations was determined by clinical judgement alone whereas during the second period analysed pressure data from a vascular laboratory was available. During the first period 16 out of 48 amputations (33%) failed whereas only 10 out of 60 amputations (17%) failed during the second period of the study. The results from this comparison suggest that vascular laboratory data can be used to improve the success rate in below-knee amputations. PMID- 3232952 TI - HPLC analysis of 6-mercaptopurine and metabolites in extracellular body fluids. AB - A convenient HPLC assay, which allows for the simultaneous measurement in extracellular fluids of 6-mercaptopurine and four of its metabolites, 6 thioguanine, 6-mercaptopurine riboside, 6-thioxanthine and 6-thiouric acid is described. Solid phase extraction allows for the clean isolation of analytes from plasma, urine or cerebrospinal fluid. The simultaneous determination of 6 mercaptopurine and some of its major metabolites in extracellular fluids may contribute to the monitoring of patient compliance, bioavailability, and individual variation in metabolism and absorption. PMID- 3232953 TI - A simple improved method for the measurement of cyclosporin by liquid-liquid extraction of whole blood and isocratic HPLC. AB - The current HPLC methods of cyclosporin measurement have been reviewed and all aspects assessed. A simple isocratic C-18 reverse phase HPLC method with improved efficiency is described for the routine measurement of cyclosporin in whole blood. An alkaline ether extraction is followed by an acid wash, solvent evaporation and two hexane washes of the reconstituted extract. The turn-round time for a single sample is 1 h. Daily batches of up to 40 patient samples can be easily measured with this method. The results are compared with those from the Sandoz radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. PMID- 3232954 TI - Development and evaluation of an enzyme inhibition assay for methotrexate. AB - A method for the measurement of methotrexate based on its inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3) is described. The performance of the method is evaluated and a brief assessment of its clinical usefulness made. Reaction time, pH, and the relative concentration of enzyme and inhibitor all have a significant effect on the shape of the standard curve. Pre-incubation of enzyme with methotrexate resulted in increased inhibition, but did not improve the sensitivity or linearity of the assay. Data are presented on the imprecision, specificity and accuracy of the method. The method is simple to perform, rapid and inexpensive. The sensitivity and specificity of the method are such as to allow for effective monitoring of patients on methotrexate therapy. PMID- 3232955 TI - Serum free thyroxine and free tri-iodothyronine in normal children. AB - Serum free thyroxine (fT4) and free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) were measured in 138 normal school children, adolescents and their younger siblings, whose ages ranged from 3 months to 18 years. Mean fT4 concentration (16.8 pmol/L) was similar to the adult mean concentration of 17 pmol/L and all the values were within the adult reference range. At all ages the fT3 range was considerably higher than the adult reference range and the overall mean fT3 concentration (8.3 pmol/L) was at the upper limit of normal in adults. In subjects aged 13-18 years the mean fT4 concentration was higher and the mean fT3 concentration lower than in children aged 0-12 years. The reasons for these differences are not known, but the data obtained provide a useful guide to the interpretation of serum free thyroid hormone measurements in children. PMID- 3232956 TI - Biological activity of serum prolactin in patients with primary hypothyroidism. AB - Prolactin bioactivity was measured in sera from 22 patients with primary hypothyroidism and 13 euthyroid control subjects and compared with estimates of immunoactivity given by radioimmunoassay. The Nb2 rat lymphoma cell assay was modified to improve specificity for prolactin and used to measure bioactivity. Results of serum prolactin levels obtained using the bioassay were closely correlated with radioimmunoassay results in both hypothyroid patients and control subjects. Mean bioactivity/immunoactivity ratios in patients were not significantly different from those in control subjects. Mean prolactin concentration measured by both assays was significantly higher in patients than control subjects. Serum prolactin in patients with primary hypothyroidism appears to have essentially normal bioactivity as measured in the Nb2 assay, in contrast with a report of major differences between activity in radioreceptor assay and RIA in hypothyroid patients. PMID- 3232957 TI - Individual free fatty acids and lactate uptake in the human heart during severe sepsis. AB - Coronary haemodynamics and myocardial metabolism of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and lactate were studied in 11 patients with severe sepsis, and compared to 10 control subjects. Coronary sinus blood flow was evaluated by thermodilution. Arterial and coronary sinus blood samples were collected for the measurement of lactate and total and individual NEFA concentrations both in septic and control patients. There was an increase in lactate and total NEFA arterial concentrations with a marked increase in palmitic and linolenic acids. The uptake of the main NEFA (C14:0 to C18:2) was significantly decreased. In the control group, individual NEFA uptake was proportional to their arterial concentrations. This relationship was not observed in patients with sepsis: there was no preferential extraction of any particular NEFA. Furthermore, in patients with sepsis, myocardial oxygen consumption did not correlate with NEFA, but only with lactate uptake. Alterations in NEFA uptake were found to be constant during severe sepsis and are consistent with major disturbances in myocardial metabolism. PMID- 3232958 TI - The Middle East external quality assessment scheme for clinical chemistry. AB - The establishment and first 7 years' operation of an external quality assessment scheme for clinical chemistry in the Middle East region are described. The scheme utilises specimens distributed previously in the UK, and the performance of participating laboratories is assessed relative to the UK consensus values, taking account of method. Variance Index scoring has been used to quantitate performance, and there has been an improvement in average scores during the operation of the scheme. There are currently 88 participants, though some laboratories which failed to return results regularly were removed from the scheme. The consensus values from the scheme itself have now been validated, and in future the scheme should operate independently. PMID- 3232959 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects using a coated bead immunoassay for acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid. AB - The development and validation of a coated bead immunoassay for amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase is outlined. The assay has good precision (between assay CV of 6.8% within the normal range), and is linear up to 250 arbitrary units/L. The clinical validity of this assay has been assessed using a panel of amniotic fluid samples from normal and abnormal pregnancies. At an assay cut off level of 200 arbitrary units/L, all cases of neural tube defect-affected pregnancies were identified and the number of false positives was very small. False positives resulted from severe blood staining of the amniotic fluid. Since the monoclonal antibody used recognises red cell membrane acetylcholinesterase and the stored amniotic fluids had been frozen and thawed a number of times, the extent of this problem needs to be further assessed using freshly collected samples. The performance of this assay was found to be superior to the differential inhibitor colorimetric method and close to that of the electrophoretic procedure. The quantitative nature of the assay and the independence from operator technique makes it a useful adjunct to the measurement of amniotic fluid AFP in the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. PMID- 3232960 TI - Why the assay of serum cystine by protein precipitation and chromatography should be abandoned. AB - The higher bias of serum cystine estimations by a HPLC method compared with those by ion exchange techniques is shown to be largely due to differences in the sample preparation procedures of the two techniques. The ion exchange methods utilised sulphosalicylic acid serum protein precipitation and post-column ninhydrin derivatisation of cystine, whilst the high pressure liquid chromatography technique employed automated dialysis for removal of proteins and pre-column ortho-phthalaldehyde derivatisation of cystine after its conversion to cysteine and then to S-carboxymethylcysteine. Examination of these procedures showed that whilst the high pressure liquid chromatographic method accurately estimates total serum cystine and cysteine, many factors affect the precision and accuracy of serum cystine estimations using the ion exchange techniques. In particular, serum protein precipitation techniques that are currently employed for the preparation of samples for cystine analysis by ion exchange chromatography should be abandoned. PMID- 3232962 TI - The in vitro stability of catecholamines in whole blood. PMID- 3232961 TI - Urinary catecholamine assay by HPLC: in vitro interference by some drugs. PMID- 3232964 TI - Measurement of ethylene glycol in biological specimens. PMID- 3232963 TI - Serum fructosamine in patients with overt and treated thyroid disease. PMID- 3232965 TI - The oral glucose tolerance test--an assessment of the quality of its performance. PMID- 3232966 TI - A simple side-room test to screen for microalbuminuria in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3232967 TI - Isolation, purification and partial characterization of an active anti-HIV compound from the Chinese medicinal herb viola yedoensis. AB - The dimethylsulfoxide extract of the Chinese medicinal herb Viola yedoensis demonstrates high inhibitory activity toward HIV-1 in vitro. The corresponding methanol extract also showed inhibitory activity but not as high as the dimethylsulfoxide extract. Anti-HIV activity in the extracts is accompanied by cytotoxicity, and we describe here the separation of the cytotoxic material from the active fraction. We also describe the procedure for isolation, purification, and separation of the active component from crude extracts of V. yedoensis as well as details of its activity against HIV-1. The UV-visible, infrared (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data and certain other characteristics of the active compound are also presented. Initial chemical tests and the proton NMR and IR spectra indicate a high molecular weight sulphonated carbohydrate polymer, and chromatographic evidence suggests an MW between 10,000 and 15,000. PMID- 3232968 TI - Failure to demonstrate synergy between interferon-alpha and a synthetic antiviral, enviroxime, in rhinovirus infections in volunteers. AB - Marked synergy between the antirhinoviral effect of rHuIFN alpha and enviroxime has been observed in vitro but an attempt to demonstrate it in volunteers was unsuccessful. The sub-optimal intranasal dose of rHuIFN alpha (0.18 Mu four times daily for 4 1/4 days) used prophylactically in the trial did reduce the severity of colds induced by RV9 and 14, but the difference did not reach statistical significance and was not enhanced by the administration of enviroxime (0.28 mg six times daily for six days). The main reason for failure is thought to be the rapid removal of enviroxime from the nose when given intranasally. PMID- 3232969 TI - Bilophococcus magnetotacticus gen. nov. sp. nov., a motile, magnetic coccus. AB - The morphological, biochemical, and magnetotactic properties of a single magnetic bacterium are reported. Although this bacterium has not been cultured axenically, the unusual magnetotactic behavior has allowed the collection of cell material of sufficient quantity and purity to allow characterization. The results indicate that this organism represents a new genus of colorless, sulfur-depositing bacteria, albeit of uncertain affiliation. The name proposed for this new genus/species, Bilophococcus magnetotacticus, reflects the most distinctive traits of morphology, motility, and magnetic mineral formation. Classification is based on type descriptive material. PMID- 3232970 TI - Columnaris infection among cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. AB - Flexibacter columnaris was isolated from 13 cultured Oreochromis niloticus showing respiratory disorders. The isolates developed typical swarming rhizoid colonies on Cytophaga agar medium. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed the susceptibility of F. columnaris isolated to oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and erythromycin. A marked difference in the pathogenicity of seven tested isolates was observed: two were highly virulent, one was moderately virulent and four were avirulent. No experimental infection could be induced with the highly virulent isolates except after injuring one of the natural barriers of the fish body. The severity of the disease and the increased median death time shortened by keeping infected fishes with injured gills in water containing ammonia. In naturally infected O. niloticus, the disease became chronic as indicated by the presence of excessive proliferative and necrotic changes. On the other hand, severe dilatation of branchial blood vessel, oedema and round cell infiltration proved that, the disease among experimentally infected tilapias was acute. PMID- 3232971 TI - Carbohydrate patterns of Candida, Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula species. AB - Within the genus Candida three distinct groups are recognized on the basis of carbohydrate patterns of intact whole cell hydrolyzates. In the first, ascomycetous, group mannose is dominant, while rhamnose, fucose and xylose are absent; this is indicative of an affinity with endomycetous families. Among the basidiomycetous representatives, two groups can be recognized. One group is usually characterized by the presence of xylose and has a low mannose content. The pattern is typical for Cryptococcales and Tremellales (e.g., Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, Bullera and Tremella). The other basidiomycetous group is characterized by the presence of fucose and/or rhamnose with significant amounts of mannose. This pattern is characteristic for Sporobolomycetaceae. PMID- 3232972 TI - Redefinition of Candida Berkhout and the consequent emendation of Cryptococcus Kutzing and Rhodotorula Harrison. AB - On the basis of affinitive characters Candida has been restricted to anamorphs related to the Endomycetales. The excluded basidiomycetous anamorphs have been transferred to the emended genera Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus. PMID- 3232973 TI - Differential location of regulatory and nonregulatory trehalases in Candida utilis cells. AB - The isolation of vacuoles by density gradient centrifugation of protoplast lysates from Candida utilis cells showed a high specific activity for nonregulatory trehalase in vacuoles whereas the regulatory trehalase activatable by phosphorylation behaves as a cytoplasmic enzyme. The vacuolar trehalase is a glycoprotein that can be precipitated by Con A-Sepharose. Treatment of this enzyme with endo H reduced its reactivity with the lectin without loss of enzyme activity and decreased its apparent molecular weight by gel filtration. PMID- 3232974 TI - A nurse by any other name is still in short supply. PMID- 3232975 TI - The homograft. A new dimension for cardiac valve replacement. PMID- 3232976 TI - Managing in a unionized setting. Part I: The discipline process. PMID- 3232977 TI - Shoulder arthroscopy: a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. PMID- 3232978 TI - Coping with culture. 'Health for All' affects or nursing in developing countries. PMID- 3232979 TI - Vaginal hysterectomy. Its success as an outpatient procedure. PMID- 3232980 TI - Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. A laser treatment for glaucoma. AB - Ophthalmologists have been searching for a treatment to control intraocular pressure in difficult cases of glaucoma. The ideal treatment is one that is simple and effective and has few side effects. Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is less damaging to the ciliary process than cyclocryotherapy in which a probe cooled to -112 degrees F (-80 degrees C) with nitrous oxide gas is applied to the conjunctiva to destruct the ciliary body. Because of the large area that comes in contact with the probe, the patient usually experiences severe pain immediately after surgery. The recent availability of the Nd:YAG lasers with a free-running mode of operation has given physicians a wider range of laser energy and has raised the hope that this treatment technique may be more generally available. PMID- 3232981 TI - Cardiac catheterization. Performing the procedure in an outpatient setting. PMID- 3232982 TI - Management tips. Managing people, time, paperwork. AB - A manager works with people, time, and things to meet the goals of the organization. To meet those goals, the manager must motivate people to perform the jobs the manager has decided need to be done. The manager must manage his or her time as well as the time of the staff. Management in the OR is not limited to the director and the head nurse. It includes all the staff. If the staff is involved and willing to participate, everybody functions better. PMID- 3232983 TI - Managing in a unionized setting. Part II: The grievance process. PMID- 3232985 TI - In-room sharps disposal reduces needlesticks. PMID- 3232984 TI - Laser endometrial ablation. Treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. PMID- 3232986 TI - Using a chaplain in the OR. PMID- 3232987 TI - Organ recovery coordinators can help family work through the grieving process. PMID- 3232988 TI - Legal considerations in RN monitoring of intravenous sedation. PMID- 3232989 TI - IgG subclass deficiency in asthma. AB - Total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and subclasses were measured in serum samples from 82 children with chronic asthma, aged 1.5 to 6.3 years, and 76 controls. Concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and total IgG were significantly lower in asthmatic children aged 1 to 5, and IgG2 concentrations were also significantly lower in asthmatic children over 5 years of age. Twenty eight asthmatic children had at least one value in the deficient range, and 26 had IgG2 deficiency alone or in combination. Five children had IgG2 and IgA deficiency. These 28 children were significantly younger and fewer had raised IgE concentrations than the remainder. IgG subclass deficiency, which may reflect delayed maturation of the immune system, is common in young asthmatic children, and may have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 3232990 TI - Screening for cystic fibrosis: a four year regional experience. AB - A four year regional screening programme to detect cystic fibrosis using measurement of immunoreactive trypsinogen is described. During this period 60 infants were diagnosed; 34 by screening, 12 born with meconium ileus, and 14 not identified by the screening assay but who presented with clinical symptoms at a later age, giving an incidence of cyst fibrosis in the region during this time of 1/1807. Screening has resulted in earlier detection of cystic fibrosis in many infants, thus allowing treatment to be instituted at an early age, and genetic counseling offered to the parents. There were a number of false positives and false negatives with the immunoreactive trypsinogen screening assay. In addition, eight infants who were sweat tested at an early age had a sweat sodium concentration of less than 70 mmol/l, although they were subsequently shown to have cystic fibrosis. These results confirm other published data showing that sweat sodium results may be low in very young infants with cystic fibrosis. At the time of diagnosis seven (20%) of the infants identified by screening were totally asymptomatic and several additional children had symptoms of such a type that the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis had not been considered at the time of screening. Despite the problems experienced it has been decided to continue screening. PMID- 3232991 TI - Two minute walking distance in cystic fibrosis. AB - We have evaluated the 'two minute walking distance' in children with cystic fibrosis as an objective measurement of exercise tolerance. There was a strong correlation between walking distance and height in 89 normal children (r = 0.72). Fifty children with cystic fibrosis showed a similar correlation (r = 0.56) with a mean result of 94% of that expected for height compared with the normal children. There was a training effect in the normal children with the second walk being significantly better than the first, but this was not evident in children with cystic fibrosis. The test was reproducible with no significant change in 12 children retested after one to three months. Sixteen children with cystic fibrosis admitted for treatment of chest disease showed a significant improvement in walking distance with treatment. Children as young as 5 years old can perform a walking distance test. It seems to be an objective way of assessing exercise tolerance and can help in evaluating response to treatment. PMID- 3232992 TI - Acceptance of domiciliary theophylline monitoring using dried blood spots. AB - Filter paper cards incorporating dried blood spots for the measurement of theophylline concentrations were returned by 62 out of 100 asthmatic children sent kits with instructions for their collection. Analysis of the blood spots showed that 37 (61%) of the children who returned them had less than therapeutic blood theophylline concentrations, in 21 (34%) they were therapeutic, and in three (5%) they were potentially toxic. The results indicate that most asthmatic children would comply with requests for home monitoring of theophylline concentrations, and that only one third of children receiving theophylline achieved blood concentrations and that only one third of children receiving theophylline achieved blood concentrations within the therapeutic range. PMID- 3232993 TI - Chest pain of gastrointestinal origin. AB - Twenty seven children who had been diagnosed as having idiopathic chest pain were investigated to find out if the pain was of gastrointestinal origin. The symptoms had lasted from two weeks to eight months. In 21 of the 27 children (78%) the chest pain had a gastrointestinal cause: 16 had oesophagitis, four had gastritis, and one had diffuse oesophageal spasm. All patients responded to medical treatment of their gastrointestinal symptoms, resulting in disappearance of the chest pain. PMID- 3232994 TI - Hypertensive response to raised intracranial pressure in infancy. AB - Mean arterial pressure and intracranial pressure were measured serially in six infants with intracranial hypertension (intracranial pressure greater than 20 mm Hg), and cerebral perfusion pressure was calculated from their difference. Overall, mean arterial pressure increased with rising intracranial pressure at a mean rate of 0.20 mm Hg/mm Hg. This caused a fall in cerebral perfusion pressure with increasing intracranial pressure at a mean rate of 0.80 mm Hg/mm Hg overall, although cerebral perfusion pressure was well maintained in one infant. Thus the rise in blood pressure was usually insufficient to compensate for the increase in intracranial pressure. In infants with acute encephalopathy vigorous blood pressure support is as important as lowering intracranial pressure. PMID- 3232995 TI - Choreic syndrome after cardiac surgery. AB - Five children had an acute choreic syndrome that started three to seven days after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Improvement after an interval was seen in all, with complete resolution in two. In addition to the chorea, all children suffered complete supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, which has also shown subsequent improvement. Bulbar damage caused considerable speech problems. There was no cognitive impairment. Several drugs were tried without effect. Investigations of the cause, including histological examination, have been unrevealing. PMID- 3232996 TI - Deliberate self poisoning in adolescents. AB - A retrospective study of 90 adolescents admitted to a district general hospital after deliberate drug overdoses was carried out. Underlying risk factors, the inpatient assessment, and the initial management offered to each patient were recorded. The longer term outcomes were assessed, with particular emphasis on psychiatric and related disorders. Many had underlying family problems; the parents of nearly half the patients were separated or divorced, and over half the families had already been seen by the social services or at the child guidance clinic. Three quarters of the patients had psychiatric assessments during admission, and of these 59 (66%) were referred for further psychiatric treatment. Of these over half withdrew from treatment. Eleven (12%) of the children took a further drug overdose. This study emphasises the need for psychiatric assessment and treatment in these children, but the results suggest that the success of management is limited by poor patient compliance. PMID- 3232997 TI - Heaf test results after neonatal BCG. AB - Heaf testing was carried out on 98 preschool Asian children who had received a BCG vaccination. A strongly positive Heaf reaction (grade 3) occurred in only two children. Heaf testing can still be used in tuberculosis screening after neonatal BCG. PMID- 3232998 TI - Tuberculin response after neonatal BCG vaccination. AB - Of a total of 846 children of Indian subcontinent ethnic origin given neonatal BCG vaccination, 823 (97%) were tuberculin positive when tested six to nine weeks after vaccination. The results show an initial immunological response to the vaccination. The possible reasons for the disparity between these results and others are discussed. PMID- 3232999 TI - Somatostatin analogue in short term management of hyperinsulinism. AB - Five infants with hypoglycaemia due to hyperinsulinism were treated for between three and 11 days with a somatostatin analogue, which raised the mean blood glucose concentration and lowered the glucose requirements in all. Somatostatin analogue appears to be useful in the short term management of these patients. PMID- 3233000 TI - Intestinal disease in cystic fibrosis. AB - Three children with cystic fibrosis developed steatorrhoea unresponsive to changes in pancreatic supplements. The final diagnoses were chronic giardiasis, stagnant loop syndrome, and Crohn's disease. Refractory intestinal symptoms in cystic fibrosis merit further investigation. PMID- 3233001 TI - Special advisory service for immunisation. AB - Among steps to improve immunisation rates in Clwyd an advisory service was introduced for children with immunisation problems. We report on setting up the service and the first two years of running it; during this time 191 children attended. Influencing parental and professional attitudes through education, counselling, and the demonstration of good practice is emphasised. PMID- 3233002 TI - Platelet phenolsulphotransferase activity and 'abdominal migraine'. AB - Low platelet phenolsulphotransferase activity has been reported in adult patients with dietary sensitive migraine. Platelet activity of this enzyme was therefore measured in children having 'abdominal migraine' with probable dietary trigger and in controls. No significant difference was found in activity between the two groups. There was no significant correlation between platelet phenolsulphotransferase activity and age. PMID- 3233003 TI - Epidemiology of rheumatic heart disease. AB - We compared the incidence of rheumatic heart disease in elementary schoolchildren from low and high socioeconomic groups; children from one of the schools were rescreened 10 years later. The results showed that the incidence of rheumatic heart disease was significantly higher in low socioeconomic group but it is gradually declining. PMID- 3233004 TI - Endemic bladder stones in Nepal. AB - Bladder stones account for a large proportion of surgical admissions in many developing countries. We report in detail the clinical features and risk factors of one such case, a 5 year old Nepali boy, and propose the theory that a low calcium intake, by causing hypocalciuria, predisposes to bladder stone formation. PMID- 3233005 TI - Immunisation for all? AB - Immunisation programmes can be successful if there is continuous effort among those concerned, who have confidence in their knowledge, and a high level of commitment to immunisation. Training is required for all. Feedback of results is essential. PMID- 3233006 TI - Annual statistical review. PMID- 3233007 TI - Immediate effects of albumin infusion in ill premature infants. PMID- 3233008 TI - Cystinosis and vitamin D. PMID- 3233009 TI - Atopic eczema and preterm birth. PMID- 3233010 TI - Silastic catheters for antibiotics in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3233011 TI - Mast cells in the initial stages of psoriasis. AB - Mast cells were counted in 122 patients with psoriasis and 80 healthy volunteers, at different times after scratch from 30 min up to 14 days. Koebner's phenomenon was induced in 74% of patients with active disease (63/85) and in 37.5% with stationary psoriasis (6/16). Mast cells were enumerated also in the skin of ten healthy controls, and their number on the inner aspect of the arm was found to range from 16 to 21 (mean, 17.6 +/- 1.65). Scarification increased the number of skin mast cells both in psoriatics and normal controls. The significant difference was noticed from the 4th day on after scratch, reaching a peak at days 14, simultaneously with the appearance of Koebner's phenomenon. In mature psoriatic lesions the number of mast cells was significantly lower than in newly formed psoriatic lesions, and it decreased progressively with effective anthralin treatment. It is concluded that mast cells play a role in skin response to trauma. In contrast to normal wound healing, their number is steadily increasing at the time of formation of the earliest psoriatic lesions. PMID- 3233012 TI - Induction of contact photosensitivity to TCSA using photohapten-modified syngeneic spleen cells. AB - We investigated the induction and transfer of contact photosensitivity (CPS) to the photohapten 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) using photo-TCSA coupled syngeneic cells in mice. PhotoTCSA-modified spleen cells (photoTCSA-SC) with efficient immunogenicity were prepared with ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation of spleen cells suspended in TCSA solution. Subcutaneous inoculation of photoTCSA SC into syngeneic mice induced a highly specific CPS response detected by ear swelling upon epicutaneous challenge with TCSA painting plus UVA irradiation. The sensitivity was determined to be a cell-mediated, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction from the time course of the reactivity, the characteristic histology, and the successful transfer of the sensitivity into syngeneic naive recipients by immune lymph node T cells with the phenotype of L3T4+, Lyt-2-. In contrast to the conventional TCSA painting plus UVA irradiation method, this immunization procedure did not evoke an ordinary contact sensitivity reaction to TCSA. The present procedure represented a new way to induce CPS. PMID- 3233013 TI - Ultrastructural cytochemical visualization of chromium in the skin of sensitized guinea pigs. AB - Using a modified sulfide silver method for electron microscopy, the intraepidermal and intracellular localization of epicutaneously applied potassium dichromate was investigated at varying times in sensitized and nonsensitized guinea pigs. The hapten penetrated rapidly into the epidermis. There was a homogeneous extra- and intracellular staining of the keratinocytes in the upper epidermis. The basal and suprabasal cells, by contrast, exhibited a predominant extracellular and plasma membrane localization of the silver grains. This membrane staining pattern was also observed in the Langerhans cells showing cellular and endocytotic activation in the sensitized animals. No specific cellular uptake of the hapten by the Langerhans cells was found. These results demonstrate that the epicutaneous application of chromate resulted in a characteristic intraepidermal distribution which may be related to the epidermal conversion of the hexavalent chromate to the immunogenic trivalent form. Moreover, the absent intracellular localization of the hapten in the activated Langerhans cells supports the notion that contact allergens can be presented to T cells without prior intracellular processing. PMID- 3233014 TI - Sebum-suppressing activity of the nonpolar arotinoid Ro 15-0778 in rodents. AB - Retinoids are known to modulate sebaceous gland activity in humans and animals. The nonpolar arotinoid Ro 15-0778 [(E)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-6 (1-methyl-2-phenylethen yl) naphthalene] does not contain a polar end group and is devoid of the classical retinoid side effects of hypervitaminosis A. The favorable toxicological profile stimulated the evaluation of this arotinoid in animal models of sebum production. In castrated, testosterone-stimulated male rats, Ro 15-0778 is 50 times more potent than 13-cis-retinoic acid in inhibiting the production and subsequent secretion of sebum. The oral ED50 value of Ro 15 0778 is 30 micrograms/kg, while an oral dose of 0.5 mg/kg inhibited sebum secretion nearly 100%. In testosterone-stimulated female rats, Ro 15-0778 inhibits sebum secretion significantly with an oral ED50 of 140 micrograms/kg and an s.c. ED50 of 75 micrograms/kg. Ro 15-0778 was also evaluated for its ability to prevent testosterone induction of the immature hamster flank organ. The topical ED50 is 0.53 mg/kg and the oral ED50 is 38 mg/kg. This arotinoid is similarly active in mature male hamsters without testosterone treatment. In addition, the retinoid is active topically and orally in reducing the size of the gerbil abdominal sebaceous gland. The compound exhibits no antiandrogenic activity when tested in ventral prostrate and seminal vesicle assays in rats. Additionally, the compound does not have estrogenic activity when tested in the rat uterine weight assay. High doses of Ro 15-0778 in humans did not demonstrate significant sebum-suppressing activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233016 TI - The temptations of taxonomy. PMID- 3233017 TI - Psychosocial nursing diagnosis--issues and research. PMID- 3233015 TI - Preparation and characterization of a reconstituted stratum corneum film as a model membrane for skin transport. AB - A zwitterionic surfactant, 6-eicosyldimethyl ammoniohexanoate (C20AH), completely disaggregates stratum corneum into individual cells. The cells can be cast into a film of reconstituted stratum corneum (RSC). Such films prepared from pig and human skin mimic intact human stratum corneum in microscopic, mechanical, and barrier evaluations. The films are useful as model membranes for skin transport experiments. PMID- 3233019 TI - A guide for nursing assessment of the psychiatric inpatient. PMID- 3233018 TI - Daily living and functional health status: a perspective for nursing diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3233020 TI - Nursing diagnosis of patients with manic and thought disorders. PMID- 3233021 TI - A validation study of the nursing diagnosis "somatization". PMID- 3233022 TI - Psychosocial nursing diagnosis. PMID- 3233023 TI - Inpatient management of a patient with borderline personality disorder: a case study. PMID- 3233024 TI - [Changes in the prevalence of clinical forms of urolithiasis comparing the method of study (chemical analysis versus infrared spectroscopy)]. PMID- 3233025 TI - [Neodymium-YAG laser in the treatment of external genital diseases]. PMID- 3233026 TI - [Prevalence of metabolic disorders in 500 urolithiasis patients in the Argentinian littoral]. PMID- 3233027 TI - [Chemolysis of cystine calculi with acetylcysteine irrigation]. PMID- 3233029 TI - [Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the treatment of urolithiasis]. PMID- 3233028 TI - [Urodynamic diagnosis of the acontractile bladder. Significance and management]. PMID- 3233030 TI - [Scrotal condyloma acuminatum. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3233031 TI - [Renal papillary tumor appearing with hypertensive crises]. PMID- 3233032 TI - [Pelvic hemangiopericytoma]. PMID- 3233033 TI - [Endemic treponemal infections: a rising danger]. PMID- 3233034 TI - [Malaria in the forest region of Mayombe, People's Republic of the Congo. I. Presentation of the region and entomologic data]. PMID- 3233035 TI - [Epidemiology and developmental aspects of trypanosomiasis in the source of the Sangha, Congo]. PMID- 3233037 TI - [Aspergilloma of the lung in Djibouti]. PMID- 3233038 TI - A ten years follow-up of the results of surgery for Dupuytren's disease. A study of fifty-eight cases. AB - Fifty-eight patients (52 males and 6 females) operated on for Dupuytren contracture were examined by the same author with a more than ten year follow-up. At time of surgery the average was 55 years old. 69 hands (169 fingers) rated 4.33 according to the simplified Tubiana's score were treated by the same operative procedure: Mac Indoe's incision, digital Z plasty (if needed), subtotal fasciectomy and physiotherapy beginning 8 days postoperatively. At long term, recurrence appears for 49 hands (71%) one every two in the two first postoperative years, one out of five after five years. 24 of them were graded stage I. The recurrence appeared 14 times associated with an extension of the disease and the earlier, the higher was the initial stage. Some factors seem to be of a bad prognosis regarding recurrence: age (93% of recurrence under 50 years old) Ledderhose or Lapeyronie (100%) other associated diseases (Alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy) and severe preoperative stage. Subjective results are good: 45 patients are satisfied and only 3 underwent a second operation. PMID- 3233036 TI - The humoral response to Hymenolepis diminuta in serum and intestinal lavages of Mus musculus. PMID- 3233040 TI - [Osteoid osteoma of the hand. Apropos of 46 cases]. AB - On the basis of a multicentre study, 46 cases of osteoid osteoma of the hand were reviewed on behalf of the GETO. The phalangeal localization is unusual both clinically (segmental digital hypertrophy, pseudo-hippocratism), radiologically (cortical hypertrophy with poorly or non-visible nidus) and therapeutically. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult, but must be as precise as possible in order to select the site of incision and to accurately resect the nidus. Treatment must consist of block resection of the lesion followed, when necessary, by autologous bone graft with arthrodesis of an adjacent joint. PMID- 3233039 TI - Proposed digital arthroplasty critical study of the preliminary results. AB - In view of the results of Swanson implants, particularly the long-term course of silicone implants, the authors studied and developed semi-constrained sliding arthroplasty designed for metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. The preliminary study on bones and then on cadaver hands and finally on the knee of the rabbit allowed the design and experimentation of a prototype which led to the creation of a semi-constrained arthroplasty for which the elastic diaphyseal anchoring is ensured without cement and which possesses sliding surfaces composed of a metallic (proximal piece)--polyethylene (distal piece) interface. We therefore describe the principles of functioning of this arthroplasty, its technique of insertion, dorsal trans-tendon incision, its accessory (drill for diaphyseal preparations), its anatomical requirements (preservation of the palmar plate and lateral ligaments, bone section) and the postoperative course. To date, 52 arthroplasties have been inserted and we present the results of the first 36 cases for which the follow-up is equal to or a greater than one year (20 MP-16 PIP), indicating the technical modalities according to the various aetiologies (21 cases of rheumatoid arthritis--15 post traumatic cases) and the complications. The average gain in mobility is 40 degrees with a mean range of movement of 64 degrees. In terms of pain, none of the arthroplasties were associated with pain apart from pain on cold in certain post-traumatic cases. The global and thumb-finger prehensile forces were evaluated to be an average of 90% in relation to the healthy side. Radiological assessment demonstrated fixation of the pieces in every case. Lastly, we discuss the outcome of this arthroplasty and its current indications in relation to the problems of instability essentially occurring in dislocated MP joints of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3233041 TI - [Intra-osseus phalangeal epidermoid cyst: general review and description of 2 cases]. AB - The authors report two cases of epidermoid cyst of the distal phalanx together with a general review of the literature and the principal steps in the diagnosis of distal phalangeal benign tumours. PMID- 3233042 TI - [Pseudotumoral chondrocalcinosis and carpal tunnel syndrome. Apropos of a case report]. AB - Review of the literature of chondrocalcinosis and rheumatologic osteoarticular causes of the carpal tunnel syndrome. Presentation of one observation of chondrocalcinosis of the wrist with presence of a pseudotumor, developed in the carpal tunnel and having induced a carpal tunnel syndrome, at first subacute, then particularly painful by direct irritation of the median nerve. PMID- 3233043 TI - [Tumorous and pseudotumorous cartilaginous lesions of the soft tissues of the hand]. AB - The authors present several rare cartilaginous tumours and pseudotumours of the extraskeletal tissues in an unusual situation, the hand. They present three different varieties depending on the site and histogenesis of the tumour: 1) Intra-articular synovial chondromatosis. 2) Tenosynovial chondromatosis. 3) Soft tissue chondroma (extra-synovial). The authors also discuss the histogenesis of these lesions: synovial for the first two types and an extra-synovial connective tissue origin for the last type. PMID- 3233044 TI - [Mycetoma of the fingers. Apropos of 5 case reports]. AB - The authors report 5 cases of mycetomas of the fingers observed over a period of 5 years in a series of 18 mycetomas of the hand. In 3 cases, the lesion only involved the soft tissues, which were excised with 2 apparent cures after 2 and 5 years and one recurrence. In the other 2 cases, the bone was invaded and 2 digital amputations were performed without recurrence after 2 and 6 years. The authors review the epidemiology and histopathology of this disease as well as the absence of any truly effective medical treatment. In the presence of bone invasion, only excision can ensure cure. PMID- 3233045 TI - Antispasmodic effect of amiodarone on gastrointestinal smooth muscle: possible involvement of calcium. AB - The influence of amiodarone on contractions induced by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated preparations of guinea-pig ileum, duodenum and stomach fundus as well as in rat stomach fundus. In the guinea-pig ileum a concentration dependent antispasmodic effect of amiodarone (20-70 microM) was observed after 30 min exposure to the drug, but not after 15 min. The inhibition of ACh-induced contraction further increased with time after removal of amiodarone from the bathing fluid. Similar results were obtained in ileum preparations maintained in a low Ca2+ medium (0.35 mM CaCl2) and under these conditions the response to ACh was restored by washing the tissue with a normal Ca2+ medium (1.4 mM CaCl2). Both low Ca2+ and amiodarone depressed the tonic component of ACh-induced contraction more than the phasic one. Guinea-pig duodenum was more susceptible than the ileum to the antispasmodic action of amiodarone and again this effect was slow in onset and not reversible. The highest inhibition of ACh-induced contractions by amiodarone was obtained in guinea-pig stomach fundus. In these preparations treated with a low amiodarone concentration (20 microM) the response to ACh was restored after drug removal. In rat stomach fundus the effect of amiodarone was low and not reversible. Like amiodarone, Ca2+ lowering caused a decrease in the response to ACh with the following order of effectiveness: guinea-pig stomach greater than guinea-pig duodenum greater than guinea-pig ileum greater than rat stomach. The inhibitions caused by amiodarone and by low Ca2+ were always additive. These results indicate that amiodarone exerts an antispasmodic effect on the gastrointestinal tract and that regional and species differences exist for this action. The possible involvement of Ca2+ in this effect is discussed. PMID- 3233046 TI - Interactions of 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA), aminophylline and dipropyl-phenyl-xanthine (XAC) on the isolated guinea-pig atria. AB - 5'-N-Ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) (2.2-22 nmol l-1) produced a concentration dependent depression of both the isometric contraction and the atrial rate of the isolated, spontaneously beating guinea-pig atria. In the presence of a standard concentration of verapamil (73 nmol l-1), the dose-response curves for NECA, both for the isometric contraction and the atrial rate, were significantly shifted to the left. The inhibitory effect of NECA on the atria was almost completely reversed by the addition of calcium chloride (1.8 mmol l-1) into the organ bath. The depressive actions of NECA on the isolated atria were also antagonized by aminophylline (32 mumol l-1) and isoprenaline (24 nmol l-1). In the presence of XAC (Xanthine Amine Congener) (0.5 mumol l-1) the dose-response curve for the effect of NECA on the isometric contraction was significantly shifted to the right. In the concentration used, XAC produced no changes either in the isometric contraction or in the atrial rate. These experiments indicate that NECA may act on the adenosine A1-receptors present in the guinea-pig atria because its effects on the atria are antagonized by XAC, a more selective A1-receptor antagonist. It is concluded that NECA might act through depression of calcium channel function in the heart atria, and that the action of NECA most probably implicates A1 receptors. PMID- 3233047 TI - Effect of the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist urapidil on the pacemaker activity of rabbit sino-atrial node preparations. AB - We studied the effects of the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist urapidil on the sino atrial node pacemaker activity of the rabbit. Urapidil (above 10 microM) decreased the spontaneous firing frequency and the maximum rate of rise of the action potential, and prolonged the action potential duration at half-amplitude. Above 100 microM, urapidil also reduced the rate of the diastolic depolarization and the action potential amplitude. On the current systems, urapidil depressed the slow inward current and the time-dependent potassium outward current. The hyperpolarization-activated inward current was also reduced with only a high concentration (300 microM). Furthermore, the agent decreased the current oscillations induced by elevating [Ca]o. It is concluded that urapidil depresses the sinoatrial node pacemaker activity, mainly due to a reduction of Ca2+ influx through the cell membrane and it also eliminates the excessive intracellular Ca2+ load of nodal cells. PMID- 3233049 TI - Effects of progressively increased doses of theophylline and of S 9795 on hemodynamics, blood gases and lung mechanics in dogs. AB - We investigated the effects of progressively increased i.v. doses of theophylline and of the newly introduced methylxanthine derivative S 9795 on hemodynamics, blood gases and lung mechanics in 2 groups each of 8 pentobarbital sodium anesthetized dogs. The maximum plasma levels that were attained were 56.6 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.E.) for theophylline and 12 +/- 1.2 micrograms/ml for S 9795. Theophylline increased heart rate and cardiac output, decreased arterial PO2, increased O2 consumption and did not affect lung mechanics. S 9795 decreased heart rate, increased systemic arterial pressure, O2 consumption (slightly) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (the latter only at the highest dose) and decreased lung compliance without change in lung resistance. The evolutions of heart rate, O2 consumption and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure differed significantly after theophylline compared to S 9795. These results show that in dogs, theophylline acts as a positive chronotrope, while S 9795 either has no such effect or acts as a negative chronotrope at high doses. None of the 2 methylxanthines appears to reduce normal bronchomotor tone. PMID- 3233050 TI - Epithelium-dependent relaxation of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle by carbachol. AB - Modulation of the effect of carbachol by epithelium on tracheal smooth muscle of guinea-pig was studied by using coaxial bioassay system. The contractile response of the bioassay organ (epithelium-free tracheal smooth muscle of guinea-pig) to carbachol was well maintained along the observation period of 30 min. When the same bioassay organ was taken into epithelium-intact tracheal tube of guinea-pig, a significant relaxation followed the carbachol-induced initial contraction within 30 min which was abolished by the removal of epithelial cell layer. Epithelium-dependent relaxation with carbachol is not due to stimulation of M1 muscarinic receptors. The results indicate that airway epithelium has a role in the termination of carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction. PMID- 3233048 TI - Magnesium salts exert direct vasodilator effects on rat cremaster muscle microcirculation. AB - In vivo microscopic observations were made on arterioles and venules (10-20 microns i.d.) of the rat cremaster muscle circulation, using an image-splitting eyepiece and high-resolution TV image-intensification, in order to determine the microvascular effects of inorganic and organic magnesium (Mg) salts. MgSO4, MgCl2, Mg aspartate HCl, and Mg acetate were administered perivascularly and intravenously. Topical application (10(-2) to 10(1) mumol) and intravenous (i.v.) administration (5-400 mumol/kg/min) of all Mg salts, [which resulted in elevated plasma Mg levels (1.1-4.7 mg/dl over controls)], brought about rapid, almost instantaneous vasodilation of both arterioles and venules in low doses. Intravenous administration of Mg salts resulted in elevation of plasma calcium (0.5-1.5 mg/dl over controls) and decreases in plasma phosphate (0.5-1.2 mg/dl below controls); plasma Na and K were not affected. High doses (i.e. 400 mumol/kg/min) of some Mg salts, administered i.v., tended to constrict these microvessels. Diastolic and systolic arterial blood pressure as well as heart rate decreased in a dose-dependent manner upon systemic administration of all 4 Mg salts. Intravenous administration of high doses of the Mg salts (i.e., greater than 200 mumol/kg/min) often resulted in marked falls in mean arterial blood pressure (e.g. 110 to 40 mmHg) and heart rate (e.g. 460 to 130 bpm), followed by death. Administration of a variety of pharmacological antagonists and a cyclo oxygenase inhibitor did not interfere with vasodilatation of arterioles or venules induced by Mg salts. Use of hyperosmolar sucrose partially mimicked some of the vasodilator, but not the cardiac or blood pressure lowering actions of Mg salts. These data indicate that magnesium ions: 1) bring about vasodilatation without releasing adrenergic amines, histamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, prostaglandins, or endogenous opioids; 2) are direct, potent vasodilators of intact rat cremaster muscle microvessels; 3) may have a depressive action on heart; 4) exert these microvascular and cardiac actions in low doses and 5) can produce severe hypotension and bradycardia only after i.v. administration of high doses. In addition, acute administration of various Mg salts can rapidly alter certain plasma electrolytes (e.g., Ca, PO4), at least in rats, which may be related to the microvascular actions of Mg2+. PMID- 3233051 TI - Enhancement of salivary secretion by chronic anethole trithione treatment. AB - Effect on salivary secretion of a single dose and of chronic treatment with trithio-p-methoxyphenylpropene (anethole trithione; ANTT) was investigated in mice, rats and rabbits in relation to changes in function of the autonomic nervous system. Chronic treatment with ANTT enhanced salivary secretion induced by pilocarpine or electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve, but had no effect on salivary secretion induced by isoproterenol or phenylephrine. A single dose of ANTT had no effect on salivary secretion. Chronic treatment with ANTT prevented the inhibition of parotid salivary secretion caused by atropine in rabbits. Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in rat submaxillary glands were not affected by chronic treatment with ANTT. These results suggest that chronic treatment with ANTT may enhance salivary secretion by stimulating the postjunctional secretory process involved in the parasympathetic nervous system. PMID- 3233052 TI - Influence of various cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs on rectal temperature in rats. AB - The influence of various cholinergic drugs on rectal temperature of rats under controlled laboratory conditions was examined. Animals were anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of thiopental. Three hours later acetylcholine, methacholine, arecoline, nicotine, neostigmine, atropine, methylatropine, mecamylamine or hemicholinium were injected intrahypothalamically (i.h.), intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.). Rectal temperature was measured at 15 min-intervals for 1 hr after the substances were injected. Our results indicate that the cholinergic mechanisms play an important role in thermoregulatory processes in rats. Cholinergic activation decreases rectal temperature, due to an increased activity of central, and not of peripheral cholinergic neurotransmission. The hypothermic effect of cholinomimetics is mediated through an activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. PMID- 3233053 TI - Effects of SF-482 on bile, gallstones formation and experimental hyperlipemias. AB - The effects of 3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-12-cheto-cholan-24-oic acid (SF-482) were compared with those of ursodeoxycholic acid on bile flow and composition, on gallstones formation and on experimental hyperlipemias. SF-482, like ursodeoxycholic acid, increases the bile flow and residue in normal and ethynylestradiol-treated rats. The two compounds increase the biliary excretion of bile acids and phospholipids with a desaturation of bile cholesterol. SF-482 and ursodeoxycholic acid decrease the incidence of gallstones in mice; both compounds are active in Triton WR-1339, in olive oil and margarine hyperlipemias in rats and in ethanol intoxication in mice. In general, SF-482 is more active than ursodeoxycholic acid. PMID- 3233054 TI - Effect of ibogaine on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in chronic morphine-dependent rats. AB - Ibogaine, an indole alkaloid, administered intracerebroventricularly 4-16 micrograms, attenuated a naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in chronic morphine-dependent rats. It appears that ibogaine has a more consistent effect on certain selective withdrawal signs related to the locomotion. This might explain an attenuating effect of ibogaine on some withdrawal signs. However, due to complex interaction of ibogaine with serotonin and other neurotransmitter systems, the mechanism of ibogaine antiwithdrawal effect remains unknown and requires further elucidation. PMID- 3233056 TI - [Study of intestinal permeability and its application in food allergy]. PMID- 3233055 TI - Barium-induced contraction of rat vas deferens in calcium-free solution. AB - Barium-induced contraction of smooth muscle through membrane depolarization is well known. Participation of calcium in Ba2+-induced contraction of smooth muscle has been emphasized. The source of the activator Ca2+ translocated by Ba2+ is, however, equivocal. The present study employing whole rat vas deferens, compared the Ba2+ response of the tissue bathed in Ca2+-deprived salt solution with those in normal salt solution. The results indicate that "phasic" component of Ba2+ induced contraction was due to both mobilization of intracellular calcium and influx of extracellular calcium, which is bound to the membrane while the "tonic" component was entirely due to the influx of the extracellular calcium of the medium. The results also suggest that Ba2+ might induce a contraction independent of Ca2+. This Ca2+-independent Ba2+ contraction is blocked by verapamil. The data has been interpreted to suggest that the calcium channels in rat vas deferens might be of two types--"fast" and "slow" voltage dependent channels--and that fast channels might be more responsible to transmit Ca2+ for phasic component and slow channels for tonic component. PMID- 3233057 TI - [Feeding of 10-month-old infants. What problems? What solutions?]. AB - The feeding of 279 infants aged 10 months was evaluated by the dietary history method, in Paris health centers for children. The results of this survey, as compared with the recommended dietary allowances of the Centre National de Coordination des Etudes et Recherches sur la Nutrition et l'Alimentation (CNERNA) and of the National Research Council (NRC), showed that nutriment, vitamin and mineral needs are generally covered. However, intakes lower than the recommendations were observed concerning iron in 72% of the children, polyunsaturated fatty acids in 50% and vitamin E in 70%. In other respects, protein and saccharose intakes were high. Feeding of 10 months old children could be easily improved by choosing foods properly, allowing to cover these children's needs and to avoid excesses. PMID- 3233058 TI - [Comparison of plasma levels of amoxicillin administered by oral and intravenous routes in neonatal bacterial colonization]. AB - Twenty-one full-term neonates who had a diagnosis of bacterial colonization were randomly assigned to receive amoxicillin 40 mg.kg-1 every 12 hours by either IV or oral route. Plasma levels of amoxicillin were assayed by HPLC at 0.5 (H0.5), 2 (H2), 6 (H6), 9 (H9) hours after the amoxicillin dose for both administration routes and also at the end of the infusion for the IV route. Average levels of plasma amoxicillin with IV and oral routes were not different except at H0.5 where they were higher with the IV route. With oral route Cmax was measured at H2 (6 times) or H6 (4 times). At the end of the infusion, plasma levels were between 55 and 154 mg.l-1 (81 +/- 32 mg.l-1). They decreased quickly so half life of amoxicillin by IV route was between 1.79 and 8.9 hs (4.28 +/- 2.4 hs). They were always above MIC for germs encountered in neonates except at H9 twice with IV and once with oral route. Pharmacokinetic data of this study allow to use oral route for amoxicillin for bacterial colonization in neonates: this administration route could also be proposed in infections following IV route as soon as hemodynamic and gastrointestinal conditions permit. The efficacy of such an attitude could be evaluated by a clinical trial. PMID- 3233059 TI - Microheterogeneity of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in the sera of patients with cancer or inflammatory states of the ovaries. AB - alpha 1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) and its concanavalin A-dependent four microheterogeneous fractions were measured in sera from women with ovarian carcinoma and those with an inflammatory ovarian disease. Total concentrations of AGP in inflammatory and cancerous sera were significantly higher than in control group, but did not differ from each other. In the fourth stage cancer the distribution of Con A-dependent fractions 1, 3 and 4 was significantly different as compared with control, second stage cancer and inflammatory groups. PMID- 3233060 TI - Application of porous bioceramic in experimental therapy of bone injuries. III. Dynamics of the callus development at the site of porous bioceramic implantation. Morphological, histochemical and histoenzymological studies. AB - In this work the biocompatibility of porous bioceramic implanted to the rabbit femoral bone was studied. The animals were killed 3, 6, 9, 14, 18 and 30 days after implantation and the callus with surrounding periosteum from the site of implant was taken for the studies. Morphological investigations of the callus were carried out up to the 30th day of healing of the bone tissue. Moreover, acid mucopolysaccharides level and activity of enzymes (acid and alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase, non-specific alpha-esterase, adenosine triphosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase) were studied up to the 18 day of the callus development. The results show that after bioceramic implantation, morphology of particular stages of the callus development, behaviour of acid mucopolysaccharides as well as localization and activity of enzymes are the same as in the normal healing process of the injured bone tissue. After 30 days total union of the mature bone tissue with bioceramic was established. We conclude that porous bioceramic satisfies the requirements for biomedical materials and may be safely used in the treatment of certain bone system diseases in humans. PMID- 3233061 TI - The influence of blood withdrawal on NK activity in mice. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activity was analyzed both in peripheral blood and spleen in mice following a single and repeated blood withdrawal from tail vein. No statistically significant changes of activity of NK cells in consequence of either single or multiple bleedings was observed. The schedule of bleeding used in this study does not seem to influence an absolute count in blood and spleen cellularity, either. PMID- 3233062 TI - The influence of blood donation on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in voluntary blood bank donors. AB - K cell activity by peripheral blood lymphocytes was found to be significantly decreased in voluntary blood bank donors, this decrease being particularly evident when cytotoxicity was expressed in lytic units. When blood donors were divided into groups in relation to the total amount of blood donated, the deepest decline of ADCC was found in the group of "moderate" (3-6 l of blood withdrawn) donors. A single blood donation was followed by a transient decrease in the K cell activity and returned to normal values in about two months. PMID- 3233063 TI - FcR+ lymphocytes and ADCC in tumor-bearing adult and aging rats. AB - It was shown that in the normal, aging rats as compared with adults a decrease of cytotoxic activity of spleen lymphocytes in syngeneic ADCC test appeared which was followed by the parallel decrease of percentage of EA rosetting lymphocytes. In adult rats with the syngeneic transplants of immunogenic, methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma (MC-Sa) a dramatic decrease of ADCC and much smaller decrease of EA rosettes were observed in comparison with the normal animals. On the contrary, in aging tumor-bearing rats an increase of ADCC activity was found, however, it was not followed by the changes of EA rosettes. Moreover, it was found that the non-forming EA rosette lymphocytes demonstrated a slight ADCC activity mostly expressed in aging rats with MC-Sa. PMID- 3233064 TI - Ability of peripheral blood neutrophils from patients with infectious bronchial asthma to engulf latex particles and reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. AB - In 42 patients with infectious bronchial asthma, aged 18-44 years (average 34) the levels of serum IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE were measured. Additionally, latex particles engulfment and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) tests according to the method of Park modified by the authors were performed. The control group consisted of 20 healthy people aged 22-45 years (average 39). It was found that in patients with infectious bronchial asthma, during the dyspnoeic attack a defect occurs in the engulfment of latex particles by peripheral blood granulocytes: The ability of granulocytes to engulf latex particles is inversely proportional to the IgG levels in sera of infectious asthma patients. PMID- 3233065 TI - Application of monoclonal antibodies in the antigenic characteristics of normal myeloid progenitor cells and clonogenic blasts in acute myeloid leukaemia. AB - The antigenic characteristics of "early" and "late" granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) from normal bone marrow (NBM) and normal peripheral blood (NPB) were studied using 14 selected murine monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) in a complement dependent cytotoxicity assay followed by culture in methyl cellulose. The same panel of McAbs was used to determine the antigens on leukaemic colony-forming cells (CFU-L) from the blood of 14 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). McAbs L243 (anti-HLA-DR antigen), MY9, S3-13 and S17-25 were cytotoxic almost completely with CFU-GM from NBM as well as from NPB, McAbs R1, B19 and WGHS 29.1 reacted with a high percentage of NBM CFU-GM but not with those from NPB. The antigens expressed on normal CFU-GM were also found on the CFU-L in the majority of patients. However, PMN29 reacted strongly with "late" CFU-GM from NBM and did not react with CFU-L. In contrast, some of the McAbs (S4 7, VIM-2) recognized the antigens on a much higher proportion of CFU-L than "early" CFU-GM from NBM. The expression of the majority of the antigens on leukaemic clonogenic cells tends to vary between different patients and also between the different cells of an individual patient. We conclude that some of the McAbs could be used in the further investigations for their usefulness in the treatment of selected patients with AML, for example in the immunoseparation of leukaemic stem cells of an individual patient. PMID- 3233067 TI - [The effect of cholesterol oxidation products on the disruption of lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic damage of the aorta in rabbits]. AB - Feeding of rabbits with a cholesterol preparation containing 3-5% of cholesterol autooxidation products promotes elevation of plasma cholesterol and atherogenic low- and very-low-density lipoproteins as well as accumulation of neutral lipids (largely, of cholesterol ether) in hepatocytes and intramural arteries of the myocardium. The development of massive aortic lipoidosis can be also attributed to the intake of relevant products. The similar dose of non-oxidized cholesterol did not induce marked or any changes at all in rabbits lipid metabolism and aortic status. The evidence obtained indicates an essential role of food exogenic products of cholesterol oxidation in mechanisms of hypercholesterolemia development and atherosclerotic involvement of vascular walls. PMID- 3233066 TI - Application of porous bioceramic in experimental therapy of bone injuries. II. Histoenzymological studies in the control animals. AB - In this work the activity of enzymes participating in the bone repair process was studied in rabbits on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 14th and 18th day after mechanical injury of the bone tissue. The enzymes under study included acid and alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, non-specific alpha-esterase and succinate dehydrogenase. PMID- 3233068 TI - [Ultrastructure of the human heart sinus node in alcoholic cardiomyopathy under acute alcohol intoxication and without it]. AB - An electron-microscopic study of the sinus nodes (SN) was conducted in the hearts of 8 males aged 32-60 who had suddenly died of alcoholic cardiomyopathy in the background of acute alcohol intoxication (4 cases) or without it (4 cases). The hearts of matched-for-age 7 males and 1 female whose cause of sudden death was other than cardiac served as control. It appeared that all the components of the sinus nodes from hearts of the study group underwent chronic or acute destructive changes. The latter were seen both in dark and clear SN conducting myocytes. There were also defects in neurohumoral regulation of the myocytic function due to nervous and microcirculatory SN disturbances. SN connective tissue was affected too. Relevance of the elicited SN changes to cardiac rhythm derangement and to the mechanism of sudden cardiac death is discussed. PMID- 3233070 TI - [Pathomorphology of congenital liver fibrosis in children]. AB - Pathomorphology of congenital liver fibrosis (CLF) was studied basing on histological evaluation of 42 primary and secondary liver biopsies obtained from 26 CLF children aged 1-13. CLF age-specific complications, their variants and incidence rate as well as morphogenesis are outlined, e. g. cholangiolitis and secondary cirrhosis which are not rare in 7-13-year-old children. Presented is CLF staging. PMID- 3233069 TI - [Kidney morphology in hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. AB - Morphology of the kidneys in hemolytic-uremic syndrome is considered basing on autopsy findings obtained for 3 infants with 5-17-day history of acute renal failure. A newborn infant of 17 days developed the disease after feto-fetal hemotransfusion when macerated fetus-donor hemolysis products entered the circulation of the fetus-recipient through monochorionic placenta. The second case in an infant of 6 months was due to ADTP Vaccine. The last infant aged 16 months manifested the syndrome in the presence of Proteus-induced ulcerative colitis. Varying in etiology, renal morphology exhibited similar features: fibrin deposits in the lumens of glomerular capillary loops, afferent glomerular arterioles and intrarenal arteries; fibrinoid necrosis of the wall in the arterioles. The renal affection ranged from acute thrombotic glomerulonephritis to cortical necrosis, these variations being dependent on the degree of thrombogenesis, caliber of impaired intrarenal vessels and time from the onset of acute renal failure. PMID- 3233071 TI - [Tumor-like endothelial proliferation in the thrombosed pulmonary trunk]. AB - Endothelial carcinomatoid proliferation was recorded in the thrombosed pulmonary trunk of a 60-year-old female chronic bronchitis sufferer who had died of cardiac insufficiency due to progressive thrombosis. The case illustrates a variant of precancer emerging in a vascular wall. PMID- 3233072 TI - [Visceral candidiasis in conjunction with "marked eosinophilia" in acute opisthorchiasis]. AB - A male of 31 has developed a marked eosinophilia associated with acute opisthorchiasis. The following heavy antibiotic treatment led to candidiasis of the liver, pancreas and lymph nodes. The study covered pathomorphology of the liver granulomatous inflammation which ran with formation of the specific crystalloid structures attributed to extensive eosinophilic decomposition. The reaction to immunoglobulins is proposed as an elective marked of pathogenic fungi in tissues. PMID- 3233073 TI - [A method of objective determination of water and electrolyte levels in organs and tissues of the corpse]. AB - Using section material to quantify water (by tissue drying) and electrolytes (with flame photometer) the authors have designed techniques for diagnosis of water-electrolyte metabolism derangement. Normal values of water, sodium and potassium concentrations for various tissues and organs of man are presented. PMID- 3233075 TI - A comparison of the radiation dose to the lens of the eye from four modern C.T. scanners. PMID- 3233074 TI - Accuracy of inhomogeneity corrections in lung irradiated with high energy X-rays. PMID- 3233076 TI - Obstetric complications among Chinese parturients with extreme prepregnancy ponderal indices. PMID- 3233077 TI - Obstetric complications among Chinese parturients with extreme prepregnancy ponderal indices. AB - 9,208 patients who received antenatal care and underwent delivery at a teaching hospital in Hong Kong during 1984 and 1985 were divided into 3 groups of high, normal and low prepregnancy ponderal index. The characteristics of each group were analysed using a computer database. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Parturients with high ponderal indices tended to be older, of higher parity, had heavier babies and had increased incidences of gestational diabetes, prolonged gestation, induction of labour, failed induction, Caesarean section and puerperal pyrexia. Parturients with low ponderal indices had an increased incidence of intrapartum fetal distress and instrumental vaginal delivery. These results indicate that the maternal ponderal index in Chinese parturients is a useful indicator of at risk pregnancies. PMID- 3233078 TI - Vaginally administered 16,16-dimethyl-PGE1-methyl ester (Gemeprost) to induce termination of pregnancy after the first trimester. AB - The results of the first 40 patients, whose pregnancies were terminated using Gemeprost vaginal suppositories are presented. The indication for termination of pregnancy was either fetal abnormality, or fetal death in utero. The mean gestational age was 20.9 +/- 4.4 weeks. 82.5% of patients were delivered within 24 hours, following a mean number of 3.9 +/- 1.3 pessaries. Side-effects were uncommon, and the procedure was well tolerated, with 30% of patients requiring no analgesia, and 60% receiving narcotic analgesia only. The results obtained compare favourably with the overseas experience with this method. Augmentation with oxytocic agents is of questionable value, and routine evacuation of the uterine cavity, under general anaesthesia seems unnecessary. Administration is simple and well tolerated by patients, and this method of pregnancy interruption appears safe, efficient and superior to extra-amniotic infusion of PGF2 alpha. PMID- 3233079 TI - Maternal features of obstetric cholestasis: 20 years experience at King George V Hospital. AB - Between 1965 and 1984, 139 pregnancies in 125 women were complicated by obstetric cholestasis (OC). Prevalence increased from 0.1% in the first 10-year period to 0.2% in the second (p less than 0.001), following recognition of the adverse fetal risks of this condition. Perinatal data from both series, 1965-1974 and 1975-1984 have previously been published. Mothers in the latter series were more likely to be of Anglosaxon than Mediterranean origin (p less than 0.001) and did not have underlying haemolytic conditions. Diagnostic criteria changed considerably over the 20 years, such that liver biopsy was no longer needed, gastroenterological consultation was sought less frequently (p less than 0.001) and newer diagnostic criteria of increased bile acids with negative hepatitis serology were increasingly employed. Biochemical data were broadly similar in the 2 groups. An understanding of the clinical and laboratory features of this disease facilitates early diagnosis, which is imperative if intensive fetal surveillance is to reduce the high stillbirth rate in OC. PMID- 3233080 TI - Vasa praevia: another cause for concern in in vitro fertilization pregnancies. AB - A case is reported of the velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord into the membranes of the placenta, unsuspected until delivery, in an in vitro fertilization pregnancy. Abnormal placental development adds a new dimension of risk to these pregnancies. The Australian Register of in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies has shown (1) an increase in perinatal mortality rates but there are many possible causes for such an increase. A recent report (2) has suggested a higher incidence of velamentous and marginal insertions of the umbilical cord in IVF pregnancies. We wish to report a case of marked velamentous insertion of the cord which was associated with an uncomplicated vaginal delivery, but highlights the possible increased risks of vasa praevia in IVF pregnancies. PMID- 3233081 TI - Contribution of prematurity and low birth-weight to neonatal death in Chinese and Western populations. AB - This paper analyses the contribution of low birth-weight (birth-weight between 500 and 2,500 g) and prematurity (gestation less than 37 weeks) to neonatal death in Chinese and Western populations. The incidences of low birth-weight in the Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong, the State of Victoria, and the Mercy Maternity Hospital, Melbourne, were 4.63%, 4.29% and 5.66% respectively and the incidences of prematurity were 2.08%, 4.89% and 7.42% respectively. The neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 livebirths) for premature infants born in Victoria was 64, 89 for those born at the Mercy Maternity Hospital and 119 for the Tsan Yuk Hospital. This paper has demonstrated that a striking differences exists in prematurity rates between Chinese and Western populations, and also that the mortality rate of premature infants is lower in Western populations. If the reason for the lower incidence of prematurity in the Chinese population could be determined and the mortality of premature infants maintained in the Western population, a significant lowering of perinatal mortality would result. Studies to determine causes for premature births in Chinese and Western populations should therefore be undertaken. PMID- 3233082 TI - Postnatal depression and psychosis--a mother and baby unit in a general hospital. AB - The experience of a Mother and Baby Unit in a General Hospital Psychiatry Department in managing postnatal depression and puerperal psychosis over a 2-year period is reviewed. In our community severe depressive illness will more often be referred to a Public General Hospital with a psychiatric service. The mean admission duration of 26 days for depressive illness was significantly lower than that previously reported by a Psychiatric Hospital. A significant delay in presentation appeared in half the cases, which could be reduced by attention to the family and past psychiatric history, especially the patient's relationship to her own mother indicating risk of puerperal mental disturbance. PMID- 3233083 TI - Pap smear results of Victorian teenagers, 1980-1987. AB - Pap smears reported by the Victorian Cytology (Gynaecological) Service between 1980 and 1987 for teenagers show a profile of abnormality which is similar to that for women for all ages. More than 90% of the cytology report have consistently been reported as normal or showing minor benign abnormalities only. No evidence of an increasing rate of infection with human papillomavirus is apparent, with the infection rate as determined cytologically being constant at around 4% to 5% during 1981 to 1987. Some increase in the proportion of women having associated changes of CIN is apparent. No case of invasive cancer in teenagers has yet been confirmed. These data suggest that the teenagers in Victoria who are having Pap smears reported by the Victorian Cytology (Gynaecological) Service are not a high risk group for cervical cancer during their teenage years, but may be a high risk group during later years. PMID- 3233084 TI - Recurrent hydatidiform mole: a report of a patient with 7 consecutive moles. AB - A rare case of hydatidiform mole occurring 7 consecutive times in a Chinese woman is presented. She was first seen in 1979 at the age of 23 years, with a molar pregnancy and subsequently had 6 consecutive moles, the last being in July, 1986; at this visit the patient and her husband were very depressed, and convinced that a normal pregnancy was unlikely and requested a hysterectomy. They were warned earlier several times, of the possible long-term consequences of a recurrent mole and that their chance of having a normal baby was very remote. A total hysterectomy was performed at her last presentation as the patient requested one, instead of dilatation and curettage for a persistently high HCG and bulky uterus following suction evacuation. Histology revealed an invasive mole. The beta HCG level was less than 4IU/l by the end of September, 1986 and she is still being followed-up. PMID- 3233085 TI - Multicentric neoplasia of the lower female genital tract--a case report of neoplastic change at an unusual site. PMID- 3233086 TI - Invasive carcinoma of both cervices in a patient with uterus didelphys. PMID- 3233087 TI - Amniotic fluid embolism. PMID- 3233088 TI - Acute puerperal inversion of the uterus. PMID- 3233089 TI - 'Intestinal surgery in gynaecological oncology'. PMID- 3233090 TI - Acute fatty liver of pregnancy. PMID- 3233091 TI - Geometric and muscle physiological determinants of cardiac stroke volume as evaluated on the basis of model calculations. AB - Based on model calculations a mathematical approach has been developed which permits an analysis and approximative evaluation of the significance of geometric and various muscle physiological factors for cardiac stroke volume with respect to anatomical ventricular size. Despite increasing wall stress the stroke volume generally increases with growing anatomical heart size, reaching a maximum beyond which it falls off. On the basis of the model of a thick-walled sphere for the left ventricle, stroke-volume-radius relations have been calculated for three different types of chronic ventricular enlargement (constancy of wall thickness, wall volume, or of the ratio of wall thickness to inner radius) in particular. In all three cases stroke volume increases with chronic enlargement of the heart, at least to a certain extent. Thus, stroke volume can be augmented with increasing anatomical heart size under constant contractile conditions despite decreasing ejection fraction. This fact has to be considered in the assessment of ventricular function. Nomograms are obtained by varying contractility, wall thickness, or end-systolic pressure while keeping the other contractile conditions constant, thus permitting the evaluation of the effect of therapeutic measures in the presence of cardiac dilatation. PMID- 3233092 TI - Characterization of regional left ventricular contraction by curvature difference analysis. AB - A method which characterizes the contraction of the left ventricle (LV) by changes in the LV endocardial contour curvatures is presented. A normalized curvature difference function (NCDF) is defined by the difference between the (normalized) curvature functions of end diastolic (ED) and end systolic (ES) contours. Unlike wall-motion based procedures, NCDF is independent of any reference system and of the method used for ED-ES shape alignment. Normal and pathological diagnosis criteria were first established based on right anterior oblique (RAO) projection ventriculograms of a study group which included 58 normal and 28 abnormal patients. Patients with an infarcted myocardial region differed from the characteristic NCDF pattern of normals and exhibited regionally defined irregularities. The diagnosis criteria were then applied to a total of 159 patients in two groups in two independent laboratories. One group (in Israel) included 49 cases (20 normals, 29 abnormals); the second (in France) included 108 cases (48 normals, 60 abnormals). These two groups yielded similar sensitivity (97% and 97%) and specificity (90% and 100%) in detection of abnormality of the ventricle. When tested against other quantitative wall motion techniques, the NCDF shwos a regional sensitivity of 95%, indicating that curvature difference analysis is a potential tool for the automatic and objective diagnosis of regional LV function abnormalities. PMID- 3233093 TI - Diameters and segment relations during the cardiac cycle in the canine left ventricle. AB - The relations between left ventricular antero-posterior, septum-free wall diameters and an anterior subendocardial segment were studied by sonomicrometry in seven open-chest anesthetized dogs, during the control state and during left ventricular and right ventricular pressure overload for low and high left ventricular filling pressures. A linear relationship between antero-posterior and septal-free wall shortening was observed during control and during left ventricular pressure overload when left ventricular filling pressure was high. For low end-diastolic ventricular pressure, there was the same relationship during ejection with an isovolumic lengthening of the septal-free wall diameter. This relationship was shifted downwards during pulmonary artery stenosis for both high and low left ventricular filling pressure, which produced a significant decrease in end-diastolic septum-free wall diameter without significant modifications of end-diastolic antero-posterior diameter. The anterior segment exhibited behavior similar to that of the calculated left ventricular circumference. Subendocardial anterior segment measurements in the open-chest dog model can be used as indices of left ventricular circumference. PMID- 3233094 TI - Model of the coronary circulation based on pressure dependence of coronary resistance and compliance. AB - The effect of pressure-dependent changes in vascular volume, resistance and capacitance in the coronary micro-circulation, has been studied by a distributed mathematical model of the coronary micro-vasculature in the left ventricular wall. The model does not include regulation of coronary blood flow and is evaluated only for the fully dilated coronary vasculature. The left ventricular wall was thought to consist of eight parallel layers, each of them with an arteriolar, capillary and venular compartment. The resistance of each vessel was thought to depend on the inverse of squared volume, according to Poiseuille's Law for tubes with constant length. Tissue pressure has been assumed to be equal to left ventricular cavity pressure at the endocardium and to decrease linearly to atmospheric level at the epicardium. The pressure-volume relation of the vessel compartments were assumed to be sigmoidal. There is a rest volume at transmural pressure zero and delta V/delta P decreases with increasing transmural pressure. Simulation of experimental protocols described by other authors yielded results which were similar to the experimental outcomes, illustrated by: (1) a parallel shift to the flow axis of the pressure-flow curves due to cardiac arrest (2) steady-state endo/epi ratio of flow as a function of heart rate. It is concluded that interpretation of transients in coronary flow and/or pressure by models containing fixed resistance and capacitance may seriously underestimate intramyocardial capacitative effects and characteristic time constants for pressure-induced resistance changes. PMID- 3233095 TI - Cell death in ischemic, reperfused porcine hearts: a histochemical and functional study. AB - The temporal development of infarcts was histochemically and functionally determined in porcine hearts. In one series of experiments (22 pigs), the distal third of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was transiently occluded for periods between 20 and 90 min and was reperfused for another 24 h. At the end of the experiments, the infarcted myocardium of four tissue slices was determined with a tetrazolium stain and related to the risk region which was delineated by a fluorescent dye. Infarcts started to develop in the ischemic septum and the subendocardial layer of the free anterior wall between 20 and 35 min of ischemia. Thereafter, infarctions progressed rapidly from the inner towards the outer layer at risk. The jeopardized anterior left ventricular wall became almost completely infarcted within 60 min of ischemia. In a second series of experiments (10 pigs) recovery of systolic shortening was studied with implanted ultrasonic crystals over 3 weeks of reperfusion. At the end of the experiments, systolic shortening was about 75% of baseline level when ischemia had lasted between 20 and 35 min. Almost no recovery was observed when the occlusion time lasted 45 to 60 min. This study suggests that the assessment of myocardial infarction with a tetrazolium stain after 24 h of reperfusion corresponds very well with functional recovery after 3 weeks of reperfusion. Furthermore, determination of regional myocardial function of the ischemic, reperfused segment in the chronic stage may be considered an additional tool to evaluate therapeutic effects on infarct size in this model. PMID- 3233097 TI - [Effectiveness of distal gene translation in polycistrons depends upon the arrangement of regulatory signals on a template]. AB - The role of the translational terminator and initiator signals arrangement for two adjacent genes in polycistronic mRNA has been studied. Semisynthetic beta galactosidase gene (lacZ) of E. coli and fragment of phage M13 DNA (with promoter PVIII, gene IX, and part of gene VIII) were used for constructing of the IX-VIII lacZ artificial polycistronic operon. Cloning of the constructs into pBR322 vector resulted in a number of pLZ381N plasmids differing by the mutual arrangement of gene VIII translation terminator codon and SD site and initiator codon (SD-ATG-region) of lacZ gene. The mutual arrangement of gene VIII terminator codon and SDlacZ-ATG region has been altered by means of deletions and insertions that have not affected lacZ translation initiation signals. The beta galactosidase (beta-Gal) synthesis in E. coli harbouring different types of pLZ381N plasmids has been found to depend on type of cistron coupling (gene VIII and lacZ). The overlapping of terminator and initiator codons (ATGA) for genes VIII and lacZ (type I of polycistrons) provide approximately equal translational level for both cistrons. On the other side, levels of beta-Gal synthesis in case of polycistrons type II (gene VIII stop-codon position at the beginning of SDlacZ or 10 nucleotides upstream) were 20-30 times as high as for type I. Differences in beta-Gal levels have also been found for variants of VIII-lacZ coupling in types IV and III polycistrons (the SDlacZ-ATG region in 27-50 nucleotides downstream from the proximal cistron VIII stop-codon, which, in turn, is 41 nucleotides upstream this terminator). These data cannot be explained on the basis of possible secondary structure including the SDlacZ-ATG region and other parts of polycistronic mRNA. In all these cases similarly stable stem-loop structures have been found. Therefore, the arrangement of the translation termination and initiation signals for two adjacent genes in essential for distal gene translation efficiency. One can imagine that ribosome or its 30S subpartical, stalling on the proximal gene terminator codon, affects the distal gene translation initiation. PMID- 3233096 TI - Effects of phospholipase inhibitors and calcium antagonists on the changes in myocardial phospholipids induced by isoproterenol. AB - To investigate the change in myocardial phospholipids after the administration of isoproterenol and its prevention by pretreatment with phospholipase inhibitors and calcium antagonists, we determined the phospholipid species in the heart of female Wistar rats. Isoproterenol (40 mg/kg) was administered 24 h before excising the heart, and chlorpromazine, mepacrine (phospholipase inhibitors), nifedipine, verapamil (calcium antagonists) and propranolol (beta-adrenoceptor blocker) were injected intraperitoneally 30 min prior to isoproterenol administration. The phospholipid species were quantified using silica gel precoated thin-layer rods and the hydrogen flame ionization method. Isoproterenol induced significant increases in heart/body weight ratio, myocardial protein/heart weight ratio and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and significant decreases in myocardial total phosphorus, creatine kinase (CK) activity, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The significant decrease in PC and increase in LPC indicated the degradation of myocardial phospholipids. Pretreatment with nifedipine (30 mg/kg), verapamil (50 mg/kg) or propranolol (20 mg/kg) completely prevented the occurrence of myocardial injury through the preservation of myocardial phospholipid composition, total phosphorus, CK activity and heart/body and protein/heart weight ratios. On the other hand, chlorpromazine (30 mg/kg) and mepacrine (50 mg/kg) partially prevented myocardial damage through the preservation of myocardial phospholipid composition, total phosphorus and CK activity. Results suggest that not only calcium influx but also phospholipase activation plays an important role in the development of myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol. PMID- 3233098 TI - [The structure of extracellular heteroglycans in various Cryptococcus species]. AB - Extracellular polysaccharides produced by some Cryptococcus species have been structurally investigated. These polymers have identical core structure, which was found to be alpha-1,3-mannan and different degrees of substitution of mannose in the core by xylose and glucuronic acid residues of side chains and different composition of side chains. Heteropolysaccharide from Cr. humicolus, the simplest one, has the same structure as the Cr. neoformans serotype D capsular polysaccharide. The Cr. skinneri polymer proved to be the most branched among Cryptococcus polysaccharides. PMID- 3233099 TI - Surgically curable hypertension associated with juxtaglomerular cell tumor. PMID- 3233100 TI - Choledochocele: treatment by endoscopic sphincterotomy. PMID- 3233101 TI - 2001: the challenge in education in obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 3233102 TI - Diurnal patterns in brain biogenic amines of rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields. AB - Levels of brain neurotransmitters and their metabolites, as well as concentrations of enzymes associated with their synthesis and metabolism, fluctuate during the day in patterns defined as circadian. The present study examined these rhythms in albino rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields. Thirty six animals were exposed to a 39 kV/m field for 4 weeks, 20 h/day, in a parallel plate electrode system. A group of 36 sham animals was similarly handled and housed in a nonenergized exposure system. On the sampling day, animals were sacrificed at 4-h intervals throughout the 24-h day. Brains were removed, dissected, and kept frozen until chemically analyzed. The levels of biogenic amines and their acidic metabolites in the striatum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) methods. Repeated exposure to 60-Hz electric fields produced significant alterations in the diurnal rhythms of several biogenic amines: dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC, the primary metabolite of dopamine in the rat) in the striatum, and norepinephrine, dopamine, and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA; serotonin metabolite) in the hypothalamus. Levels of serotonin in the striatum and hypothalamus showed clear circadian patterns that was not affected by the field. No diurnal or field-related changes were observed in the hippocampal amines. PMID- 3233103 TI - Predictors of success for drug discontinuation following neonatal seizures. AB - Guidelines for the discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in neonatal seizures are not well defined. Some studies suggested possible criteria for antiepileptic drug discontinuation but no precise criteria have emerged. We performed a retrospective analysis of 58 infants with neonatal seizures during a 3 year period. Antiepileptic drugs were discontinued when patients were seizure-free for 3 months, had normal electroencephalography initially or at subsequent examination, and had a nonfocal examination. Normal initial electroencephalography was demonstrated to be a reliable predictor for discontinuing antiepileptic drugs successfully in 18 of 22 term infants; normal subsequent electroencephalography was a reliable predictor of successful discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in 9 of 10 premature infants. PMID- 3233104 TI - Meningitis-related hearing loss evaluated with evoked potentials. AB - Sixty-seven children with meningitis, ranging in age from 1 month to 14 years, were studied using brainstem auditory evoked potentials. Abnormal results were present in 60% of the subjects. Serial studies were obtained in 30% of the abnormal patients, 75% of whom demonstrated continued abnormalities on subsequent examination. Abnormal studies were found only in those patients who were 6 years of age or younger. The most prominent finding was an increased interwave interval resulting from increased wave V latencies. Additional abnormalities included an increased slope of the latency-intensity function suggestive of sensory-neural hearing loss. These studies clearly indicate the significance of early detection by the use of evoked potentials in the early diagnosis of hearing disorders in children with meningitis. PMID- 3233105 TI - Catecholamine metabolism in kinky hair disease. AB - Kinky hair disease is a progressive neurologic disease associated with decreased copper absorption. Because dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, an essential enzyme in norepinephrine biosynthesis, is copper-dependent, we studied norepinephrine metabolism in vivo in 5 affected children. Patients with kinky hair disease had decreased plasma norepinephrine concentrations (196 +/- 25 pg/ml) in comparison to control patients (325 +/- 20 pg/ml, p less than 0.001). The ratio of total urinary norepinephrine metabolites to total dopamine metabolites was 0.25 +/- 0.04 in kinky hair patients and 0.52 +/- 0.03 in controls p less than 0.001). These data indicate that dopamine-beta-hydroxylation in vivo is decreased in patients with kinky hair disease; however, there was no correlation between serum copper concentration and catecholamine abnormality. PMID- 3233106 TI - 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of neonatal hypoglycemia. AB - It has been hypothesized that the mechanism of hypoglycemic brain damage involves energy failure or excessive accumulation of excitatory neurotransmitters. To test these hypotheses, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed to determine brain high-energy phosphates, carbohydrates, neurotransmitters, amino acids, and fatty acids during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the neonatal dog. Reduction in brain glucose content was associated with an increase in blood/brain lactate ratio, as well as decreases in brain glutamate, aspartate, taurine, and inositol; however, no change was observed in GABA concentration or in brain energy state. In contrast to the adult experimental animal, brain tissue injury due to hypoglycemia is minimal in the neonatal animal. The mechanism of resistance to hypoglycemic brain injury may involve modulation of the rise of excitatory amino acids and decline in inhibitory neurotransmitters and high energy phosphates. PMID- 3233107 TI - Does CSF copper level in Wilson disease reflect copper accumulation in the brain? AB - The levels of copper and ceruloplasmin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Wilson disease were investigated. Ceruloplasmin concentrations in the CSF of all patients were almost the same but were lower than those of the controls. CSF copper concentrations in patients without neurologic signs were within the normal range, 22 +/- 6 ng/ml. In contrast, CSF copper concentrations in patients with neurologic signs (69-98 ng/ml) were significantly higher than the normal levels before and at the beginning of the treatment with D penicillamine; it gradually decreased in response to treatment. These results suggest that the appearance of neurologic manifestations in Wilson disease is not related to the CSF ceruloplasmin concentration. The CSF copper concentration in this disease appears to reflect copper accumulation in the brain and may be useful as a marker for monitoring therapy. PMID- 3233108 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum with versive seizures. AB - A boy with group A xeroderma pigmentosum and a series of progressive neurologic complications developed versive seizures at 8 years of age. Electroencephalography at 6 years of age revealed no epileptic changes or focal abnormalities. He was seizure-free until versive seizures developed; electroencephalography revealed frequent spike discharges in the right central and temporal regions. Neurologic complications and electroencephalographic abnormalities of 34 patients with group A xeroderma pigmentosum also were assessed. Only 3 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum have been reported to have a seizure disorder. This patient is the fourth reported with group A xeroderma pigmentosum associated with a convulsive disorder. Although neurologic manifestations in group A xeroderma pigmentosum are progressive and severe, it is unknown why so few of these patients develop seizure disorders. PMID- 3233109 TI - Septo-optic dysplasia with infantile spasms. AB - A 21-month-old boy with septo-optic dysplasia and infantile spasms is reported. Eighteen hours after birth he had generalized convulsions, dyspnea, and hypoglycemia which were followed by recurrent clonic seizures despite administration of phenobarbital and valproic acid. At 16 months of age he had hypoglycemia and apnea attacks during varicella infection. At 19 months of age left hemiconvulsions and left hemiparesis occurred; his mental and motor development, which had been delayed but progressive, deteriorated. Tonic spasms appeared at 21 months of age and electroencephalography revealed multifocal spikes. At 27 months of age electroencephalography disclosed hypsarrhythmia. Cranial computed tomography depicted brain atrophy, right microphthalmia, and intact septum pellucidum. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and a small pituitary gland. Coloboma of the right optic disc was detected. Physical examination revealed short stature, left hemiparesis, micropenis, and cryptorchidism. Endocrinologic loading tests revealed hypofunction of the hypophysial anterior lobe. PMID- 3233110 TI - Extension reflex of fingers in the newborn. AB - Extension reflex of fingers was tested in several term and preterm infants. This reflex was found to be present as early as 28 weeks gestation in clinically stable preterm infants. Absence of extension reflex in infants is indicative of neurologic problems. PMID- 3233111 TI - Classification of patellofemoral disorders. AB - Patellofemoral disorders represent a large portion of the average orthopedist's practice. Despite the improvements in patellofemoral radiographs and arthroscopic diagnostic techniques, these disorders are too frequently misunderstood and frustrating to treat. This report proposes a clinical classification for patellofemoral disorders that, it is hoped, will aid our understanding and improve our results of treatment. A major feature of this classification is the recognition that a developmental and familial abnormality, patellofemoral dysplasia, is the etiology for most patellofemoral disorders. Equally important is the assignment of chondromalacia patellae to a secondary position for the most part. Other causes of anterior knee pain and disability are included to complete the classification. PMID- 3233112 TI - Arthroscopic subacromial decompression: results according to the degree of rotator cuff tear. AB - We evaluated the results of arthroscopic subacromial decompression according to the degree of rotator cuff tear in 71 patients, available for follow-up for at least 1 year (average 19 months). Of the patients with stage II disease, 82% were satisfied regardless of whether they had no rotator cuff tear (nine of 11) or had a partial tear (28 of 34) of the rotator cuff. Of patients with stage III disease (complete rotator cuff tear), 88% (23 of 26) were satisfied. An acceptable objective UCLA shoulder rating greater than or equal to 28 points was seen in 82% (nine of 11) of the patients without a rotator cuff tear, 76% (26 of 34) with a partial tear, and 77% (20 of 26) with a complete tear. All four of the patients with complete tears less than 1 cm obtained excellent results. Three of the six failures were in patients with complete tears who had a narrowed acromial-humeral distance of less than 7 mm. The average UCLA pain score showed significant improvement from 2.8 (constant pain) to 8.6 (occasional pain) at 1-2 years postoperatively. The function, strength, and active forward flexion scores also increased at 1-2 years from their preoperative values. The overall patient satisfaction rate of 85% and the objective success rate of 77% are within the range of that seen with open rotator cuff repair. PMID- 3233113 TI - The use of somatosensory evoked potentials for detection of neuropraxia during shoulder arthroscopy. AB - With the increase in the use of shoulder arthroscopy in the past decade, there has been an increased awareness of complications. Reports of the occurrence of transient neuropraxia indicate an incidence of 10%-30%. The recording of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) for the study and functional monitoring of the sensory pathway is well accepted as a reproducible method of monitoring peripheral nerve and spinal cord function during surgery. SEPs were recorded during shoulder arthroscopy in 20 patients to monitor the musculocutaneous nerve, ulnar nerve, and either the median or radial nerve. In all 20 cases, abnormal SEPs of the musculocutaneous nerve were demonstrated. In 16 cases, this was produced upon initial joint distention, and in 15 cases, by traction; in 11, by longitudinal traction of greater than or equal to 12 lb, and in six by perpendicular traction of greater than or equal to 7 lb. In 10 patients, there were varying combinations of median, ulnar, and radial nerve involvement. There were two cases of clinical neuropraxia in this series. One resolved in 24 h and one in 48 h. The conclusion is that there is a real potential for neurologic damage during shoulder arthroscopy and that the musculocutaneous nerve is the most vulnerable. Factors responsible include joint distention, excessive traction, and extravasation of fluid. The use of SEPs provides a reliable means for monitoring the neurologic status of the extremity during shoulder arthroscopy. PMID- 3233114 TI - Shoulder arthroscopy with the patient in the beach-chair position. AB - We evaluated the use of the beach-chair, or sitting, position for arthroscopic shoulder surgery in 50 consecutive patients. Routine arthroscopy, arthroscopic subacromial decompression, and arthroscopic shoulder stabilizations were performed, with no complications. The advantages of this position include ease of setup, lack of brachial plexus strain because no traction is used, excellent intraarticular visualization for all types of arthroscopic shoulder procedures, and ease of conversion to the open approach if needed. The positioning technique is described. PMID- 3233115 TI - Determination of graft tension before fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. AB - This study was performed to determine the tension needed to be applied on an anterior cruciate ligament graft before fixation to obtain normal anteroposterior translation following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Ten fresh frozen cadaver knees underwent arthroscopy and were determined to have intact anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and both menisci. A knee arthrometer (model KT 1000. MedMetric Corp., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.) was used to determine the anteroposterior translation with a 20 lb load. The anterior cruciate ligament was arthroscopically sectioned, and a repeat arthrometer measurement was made. Isometric points in the femur and tibia were determined using a tension isometer before drilling bony tunnels. The central third patellar tendon (bone-tendon bone) complex, semitendinosus that was doubled on itself, and an iliotibial band approximately 3 cm wide were harvested. The grafts were separately passed through the knee, the femoral end was secured, and various tensions were applied to the tibial end before fixation. Repeat knee arthrometer measurements were performed after each new tension was applied. Arthrometer testing was continued until the postreconstruction 20 lb anterior drawer equalled the anterior cruciate ligament intact drawer. The patellar tendon returned the knee to its preoperative condition with a mean 3.6 lb of tension, the semitendinosus with 8.5 lb. and the iliotibial band with 13.6 lb. All these differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The tension that needs to be applied to a graft during an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction appears to be tissue specific. It is hoped that precise intraoperative tensioning of anterior cruciate ligament grafts will lead to more reproducible anterior cruciate reconstruction results. PMID- 3233117 TI - Inflammatory synovial fluid and absorbable suture strength. AB - The effect of inflammatory synovial fluid upon several absorbable sutures commonly used for meniscus repair was studied by implanting lengths of these sutures into unstable, arthritic rabbit knees and, after varying lengths of time (1-6 weeks), testing their breaking strength. Both polyglactin-910 (Vicryl) and polyglycolic-acid (Dexon) sutures retained only minimal breaking strength 3 weeks after implantation. Chromic gut sutures demonstrated a steady reduction in breaking strength until they retained only 6% of their original strength at 5 weeks and none at 6 weeks. Polydioxanone (PDS) sutures began to lose breaking strength at 2 weeks and retained only 40% of their original strength 5 weeks after implantation. The rate of loss in polydioxanone breaking strength was faster in inflammatory synovial fluid than previously reported in the normal synovial joint. Braided polyester sutures (Mersiline) showed no loss of breaking strength over the duration of this test. While the choice of suture is only one variable influencing the outcome of a meniscus repair, this study demonstrates that only polydioxanone and green braided polyester sutures retain any strength 6 weeks after implantation (the time of immobilization commonly recommended for meniscal repairs). Complete meniscal healing can require several months. In the absence of compelling evidence to the contrary, the use of nonabsorbable suture materials for meniscal repair seems the most appropriate choice. PMID- 3233116 TI - Arthroscopic treatment of acute patellar dislocations. AB - Twenty-nine patients treated with arthroscopy alone for acute patellar dislocation were reviewed. All had a significant traumatic episode with hemarthrosis in a previously asymptomatic knee. Clinical follow-up averaged 25 months (range 5-64 months). Fifteen patients had concomitant percutaneous lateral release (LR). Significant-sized osteochondral defects not radiographically visible preoperatively were discovered in 40%. Fragments were excised and corresponding craters debrided or abraded. Additional intraarticular pathology discovered included two meniscal tears and one anterior cruciate tear. Overall excellent (E) and good (G) results were 83%. The recurrence rate was 14%, all of which occurred in the LR group. All recurrent dislocations occurred within 1-year post injury. The LR group had 73% G and E results compared with 93% in those without LR. Arthroscopy followed by immobilization was an efficacious approach to acute traumatic patellar dislocations in this specific group of patients. The addition of LR with early motion, however, detracted from the results. PMID- 3233118 TI - An unusual loose body hidden in a sealed suprapatellar pouch. AB - A 20-year-old soldier presented with pain and swelling in his right knee, both of which became aggravated with activity. An unusual loose body was found in a sealed suprapatellar pouch in the knee. All symptoms disappeared following removal of the loose body. PMID- 3233119 TI - Unsuccessful arthroscopic treatment of pyarthrosis following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. AB - Postoperative purulent infection developed in the knee of a patient who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Initially, arthroscopic lavage and debridement was performed, but was unsuccessful because the infection had spread into the soft tissues of the former surgical wound. Open debridement had to be performed to control the periarticular infection. It is important to stress that the extent of the infection has to be considered when instituting a method of treatment. It should be possible to clinically diagnose this extraarticular infection. PMID- 3233120 TI - Powered instruments for wrist arthroscopy. AB - Wrist arthroscopy is rapidly becoming a common practice. Use of powered instruments for tissue excision from the wrist offers important advantages. Most tip designs available today are miniature versions of cutting designs developed for use in the knee. They are more effective on thin, filmy tissue than on fibrocartilage or articular surfaces. In the selection of appropriate systems one should consider effectiveness of performance, availability of responsive service, and price. A few companies are developing innovative cutting tips and hand pieces designed specifically for use in the wrist. PMID- 3233121 TI - A modified soft tissue retractor for meniscal repair. PMID- 3233122 TI - Dermatology diagnosis. Tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 3233123 TI - Benign hyperglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom: a report of seven patients and long-term follow-up. PMID- 3233125 TI - Realities of the Cardiovascular Center. PMID- 3233124 TI - Rectal myectomy in the management of short segment Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 3233126 TI - [A second opportunity in life]. PMID- 3233127 TI - [The condom as a public policy measure against AIDS: ethic and medical aspects]. PMID- 3233128 TI - Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. PMID- 3233130 TI - Report: AIDS rate among heterosexuals keeping pace with other groups. PMID- 3233131 TI - Premarital HIV testing. PMID- 3233129 TI - HIV babies run steep hospital bills; some inpatient care unneeded. PMID- 3233132 TI - Malaria. PMID- 3233133 TI - Poisoning with sustained release potassium. PMID- 3233134 TI - The boxers' fracture: a prospective study of functional recovery. AB - The rate of functional recovery following fracture of the fifth metacarpal neck is reported. The recovery of power grip and finger grip strength is complete in most patients by two months. The functional outcome is not significantly related to the degree of angulation at the fracture site. PMID- 3233135 TI - Waterslides--are safety standards sliding? PMID- 3233137 TI - Patterns of presentation of abused children to the accident and emergency department. AB - A search of accident and emergency department records showed that 61% of 85 children registered as being physically or sexually abused by the Department of Community Paediatrics at St James's University Hospital, Leeds, England, were found to have visited the accident and emergency department an average of 2.9 times before the diagnosis was made. Fifty-two per cent of the attendances were because of problems other than injuries. Staff of accident and emergency departments should be aware that abused children present with medical diagnoses as well as trauma. Increased awareness may result in earlier diagnosis of abuse in some of these children. PMID- 3233136 TI - Zinc oxide tape: a useful dressing for the recalcitrant finger-tip and soft tissue injury. AB - Zinc oxide tape has been used successfully in 40 patients to treat finger-tip and soft-tissue injuries which had not healed with conventional dressings. It is easy to apply, cheap and readily accepted by both patients and staff. The authors strongly recommend this simple dressing for the slow-to-heal finger-tip injury. PMID- 3233138 TI - Use of conjunctival oxygen monitoring in cardiac patients in the emergency unit. AB - Conjunctival oxygen monitoring (PcjO2) measures conjunctival tissue organ. It has proved useful in helping to evaluate hypovolemic multiple trauma patients, carotid artery surgery patients, as well as others. Little has been written about its use during medical resuscitations. This report reviews its accident and emergency department use in 13 cardiac arrest/life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmia patients. Nine patients expired and four patients survived. Accident and emergency department PcjO2 values in the group which expired averaged 6.3. Those patients who survived averaged 35.4. Subjects who maintained PcjO2 values below 20 did not survive. Furthermore, PcjO2 values taken within the first 8 min of accident and emergency department resuscitation appear to indicate outcome. Conjunctival oxygen monitoring may be useful in monitoring critically ill cardiac patients in the accident and emergency department. PMID- 3233139 TI - Abdominal pain as a presenting symptom of the Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory polyneuropathy) is a rare disorder with an incidence of one to two per 100,000 per year (Kennedy et al., 1978) but it is the commonest cause of acute muscle weakness in patients under 40 years of age. The clinical diagnosis is made by finding a symmetrical motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy, commonly with cranial nerve involvement. Mechanical ventilation is required in 14% of patients because of paralysis of the respiratory muscles. Early treatment with plasma exchange leads to more rapid and complete recovery of neurological function, and reduces the time spent on the ventilator. Early diagnosis and referral for plasma exchange is therefore very important. The present authors report a case in which abdominal pain was the patient's initial symptom and her main complaint. PMID- 3233140 TI - Cardiac arrest card: a new idea for teaching CPR. PMID- 3233141 TI - Diazepam induced long term delay in the migration of external granular layer of the cerebellum: an experimental study in the mouse. PMID- 3233142 TI - Anatomical study of the wulst in the parakeet (Aratinga canalicularis). PMID- 3233143 TI - Circadian rhythm of sleep in normal and undernourished rats. PMID- 3233144 TI - Influence of nickel chloride on bone marrow of iron-deficient rats. PMID- 3233145 TI - Antibody targeting in vivo: binding of anti-DNP antibodies to implanted silk-DNP as a model of specific antibodies binding to localized antigens. PMID- 3233146 TI - Potential hazards of biotechnology: the viewpoint from the United Kingdom. AB - (1) There is a danger that our science may be severely restricted in the future if we do not as scientists take action to inform the public. (2) Scientists are agreed that some governmental controls are essential, but there is an urgent need that these should be applied uniformly worldwide. (3) The situation has changed rapidly now that the scientists are poised to demonstrate that genetic engineering has advanced to the stage where it can be applied to the field. Only in that way can we, as scientists, demonstrate that biotechnology can help humanity to overcome the problems of health, disease, and decent living which threaten to get progressively worse. PMID- 3233147 TI - The ratio of two isozyme groups in microsomal cytochrome P-450 under exogenous influence of carbon tetrachloride and cyclophosphamide. AB - A method for measuring the content of two groups of microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozymes--cytochromes P-450W and P-450L--with the active sites directed into the water phase and membrane lipids, respectively, has been developed. The method is based on the ability of the xanthine oxidase-menadione complex to reduce microsomal cytochromes b5 and P-450 under anaerobic conditions by transferring electrons to hemoproteins with the active sites directed into the water phase. Cytochrome b5 is completely reduced (to the dithionite level) and cytochrome P 450 is reduced partially (only a group of cytochromes P-450W). The amount of cytochromes P-450L is estimated using the difference between the total content of cytochrome P-450 reduced by sodium dithionite and the content of cytochromes P 450W. The possibility of controlling the ratio of these two isozyme groups in cytochrome P-450 in vivo in membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum by pretreatment of animals with a variety of chemicals has been demonstrated. The ratio of cytochromes P-450W and P-450L has been shown to decrease two-fold 18 days after three injections of phenobarbital into mice. Carbon tetrachloride and cyclophosphamide also decrease this ratio in vivo. PMID- 3233148 TI - The effect of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A on proliferation of lymphoid and nerve cells. AB - The effects of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) on proliferative activities of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, B-lymphoma cells of the Namalva line, and nerve cells of the PC12 line have been studied. It has been shown that SEA affects these cells in identical ways, producing either a mitogenic or an antiproliferative effect. Studies on the dynamics of cellular responses to the action of SEA have demonstrated that the effects of the toxin are mediated by its interaction with different binding sites on the membranes of target cells. It has been established also that the antiproliferative effect of SEA is not associated with changes in 2',5'-oligo(A)-synthetase activity or in the level of interferon secretion. PMID- 3233149 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomography of the heart in primary pulmonary hypertension]. AB - MR-tomography (MRT) was performed in 10 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) and in 20 healthy volunteers. The investigation was performed by means of a MR-tomograph with a resistive magnet. ECG-triggering and multislice multiecho method were used. MRT gave high quality images of the right heart in various phases of the cardiac cycle. The most characteristic symptoms of PPH exhibited by MRT were: forward rotation of the right ventricle (RV), pronounced dilation of the right heart, right ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, relative and absolute diminishing of the left ventricle size, paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum and alterations in its shape. 50% of the examined patients had highly intensive blood flow signal in the pulmonary artery lumen. PMID- 3233150 TI - [Myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (an analysis of questions of etiology, pathogenesis and differential diagnosis in a clinical example)]. AB - Development and clinical course of dilated cardiomyopathy is analysed in detail on one clinical case. Myocardial biopsy findings, immunologic data and autopsy findings are compared. The data obtained indicate that myocardial lymphocyte infiltration correlates with the rise in titres of antibodies to cytomegalovirus and the virus of herpes simplex as well as increase in serum alpha-interferon, neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin concentrations. Rise in the level of antibodies to cardiolipins is combined with thromboembolic syndrome. The roles of immunological control disturbances and immunity system activation in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy as well as possible evolution of myocarditis into dilated cardiomyopathy are discussed. PMID- 3233151 TI - [Myocardial ultrastructure, energetics and function in chronic adriamycin-induced lesions]. AB - The ultrastructural study of the myocardium of rats received adriamycin for 8-10 weeks revealed the picture of mosaic lesions of cardiomyocytes. Cells with little changes were coincided with apparently changed cardiomyocytes in which hypercontracted or atrophied sarcomeres with distended Z-lines, glycogen disappearance and swollen or hypertrophied mitochondria were seen. Myocardial content of ATP did not change but that of phosphocreatine was decreased by 45 percent. The pump function of the isolated heart was moderately lower that was associated with almost twofold increase in left ventricular diastolic stiffness suggesting a deterioration of its filling. A rise in Ca++ concentration in the perfusate exerted similar positive inotropic effect on hearts of both groups which was associated with a prominent fall of diastolic stiffness. Results suggest that increased diastolic stiffness in adriamycin-treated hearts may be due to both local ATP deficiency in myofibrils or incomplete Ca++ removal from them. PMID- 3233152 TI - [Cardiomyopathies: current aspects of the problem]. PMID- 3233154 TI - [High specificity in the molecular mechanism of the protective action of phosphocreatine on the myocardium in ischemia]. AB - To study the character of the mechanism of protective action of phosphocreatine on ischemic myocardium the effects of phosphocreatine (PCr) and phosphoarginine (PArg) were compared. PCr and PArg were shown to expose identical Ca2+-chelating properties and were used as their Na-salts. Only PCr protected the cardia function during ischemia and simultaneously inhibited the accumulation of lysophosphoglycerides, products of phospholipid degradation. PArg failed to exert both of these effects. By an EPR probe method PCr was shown to increase the order of structural organization of phospholipids in the cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. The results show that the effect of PCr on ischemic myocardium is not due to nonspecific changes in the ion composition of a solution, but most probably due to highly specific effect of phosphocreatine on the phospholipid membrane of the cardiac cells sarcolemma. PMID- 3233153 TI - [Mechanisms of the anomalous activity of the Purkinje fibers in the late stage of experimental myocardial infarct in dogs]. AB - The anomalously active (AA) subendocardial Purkinje's fibers (PF) in the ischemic zone 24 hours after occlusion of the left descending coronary artery (LDCA) in dogs are proposed to be divided into 2 groups according to their reaction to the changes in the ionic composition of perfusion solution. The AAPF frequency in the first group decreased by increase in [Ca2+]o, increased by fall in [Ca2+]o and was proportional to [Na+]o. In the second group AAPF frequency rose under actions increasing [Ca2+]i (increase in [Ca+]o, decrease in [Na+]o), and fell under actions reducing [Ca2+]i (decrease in [Ca2+]o, increase in [Na+]o). After short term (10 s) high frequency stimulation the AAPF frequency in the group I fibers either remained unchanged or insignificant transitory slowing down was registered. In the group II fibers the AA frequency after high frequency stimulation either remained unchanged or insignificant transitory elevation was observed. The anomalous activity in the group I fibers could be blocked by tetrodotoxin, while verapamil was practically ineffective. In the second group anomalous activity was blocked by both drugs. We conclude thus that one day after the occlusion of LDCA in the ischemic zone PF with anomalous activity caused by anomalous automaticity as well as by trigger mechanism may be present. The pacemaker current inducing anomalous automaticity is possibly caused by Na+ intake through ischemically modified natrium channels. PMID- 3233155 TI - [Structure of the cholinergic nerve plexuses of the heart and their function in sudden cardiac death]. AB - 54 hearts of men aged 30-60 were studied histochemically. The control consisted of 12 hearts of persons who died of cerebral injury. 42 persons died suddenly by fresh myocardial infarction, small-focal cardiosclerosis, postinfarction cardiosclerosis or alcohol cardiomyopathy. The density of nervous plexus was higher in the right atrium than in the left one. Right and left ventricle differed in the same way. In older persons, especially those who died suddenly, density of myocardial cholinergic nervous plexus (especially perivasal) decreased which was associated with development of perivasal fibrosis characteristic for neurotomy of perivasal plexus. Density of cardiac cholinergic plexus differed in various myocardial pathologies. It was the highest in sudden death in patients with small-focal cardiosclerosis and the lowest in sudden death in patients with fresh myocardial infarction. PMID- 3233156 TI - [Calcium metabolism of the thrombocytes in ischemic heart disease]. AB - Changes in Ca++ concentration were studied in platelets of patients with acute myocardial infarction, unstable or stable angina pectoris and those of healthy donors by means of fluorescent probe Quin-2 AM. Influence of aggregation inductors on the process of Ca++ level increase in these cells was also investigated. Intracellular Ca++ concentration increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the presence of PAF 2.10(-7) M (1337 +/- 255 nM) and in the presence of ADP 10(-5) M (1767 +/- 296 nM). A certain increase in calcium responses to stimulators was observed also in patients with unstable or stable angina pectoris. Dynamic follow up of patients with acute myocardial infarction starting from the 14th day demonstrated significant fall in intracellular Ca++ concentration (from 1767 +/- 296 nM to 834 +/- 186 nM, p less than 0.01). Platelet sensitivity to inductors during the course of therapy did not change significantly in patients with stable angina pectoris and tended to decrease in those with unstable angina pectoris (from 707 +/- 274 nM to 410 +/- 95 nM, p greater than 0.05). Increase in platelet aggregability and in calcium responses to stimulators in patients with IHD is an evidence of calcium metabolism disturbances which play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 3233157 TI - [Use of tricyclic antidepressants in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease]. AB - The results of a course of therapy in 187 men with proved ischemic heart disease (IHD) showed that tricyclic antidepressants in minimal and small doses may be effectively used in patients with IHD for treatment of psychic alterations as well as in chest pain syndrome. Amitriptyline was more effective than azafen or melipramine but significantly more often induced side effects. The data obtained demonstrated close relationship between the severity of psychic alterations and various clinical manifestations of angina pectoris as well as dependence of reduction of the anginal attacks frequency on the efficacy of psychic alterations therapy. PMID- 3233158 TI - [Sociomedical characteristics of population groups differing in the frequency of alcohol consumption (population research)]. AB - A representative sample of the population of one Moscow district (people aged 35 64) was studied. All the examined subjects were asked, how often they used alcohol. Only 31.1% of women and 14.3% of men used no alcohol at all. The highest was the percentage of persons using alcohol several times a year: 42.1% of men and 60% of women. Men using alcohol several times a week proved to have arterial hypertension more often than those not using alcohol. Among men aged 55-64 using alcohol several times a week nobody had normal blood pressure. The more alcohol people used, the less they cared for their health and the more rarely they visited a doctor. PMID- 3233159 TI - [Blood rheologic properties in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy]. AB - Rheologic blood parameters--fluidity limit tau 0, viscosity n alpha 1, erythrocyte cohesion coefficient (A), hematocrit--were studied in 42 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 30 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure of stages I-III. Rheologic parameters tended to increase along with progression of heart failure while in IHD an opposite tendency was observed. Individual analysis in patients with DCM as well as those with IHD demonstrated, irrespectively of the stage of heart failure, both hyper- and hyporheological syndromes. Occurrence of thromboembolic complications was in both cases nearly the same (42.9% and 40%, correspondingly). The data obtained indicate at evident abnormality of rheologic blood parameters in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy progressing along with development of heart failure and suggest its possible role in intravascular thrombi formation. PMID- 3233160 TI - [Controlled trial of the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of imidazole-2 hydroxybenzoate in gynecologic inflammatory conditions]. PMID- 3233161 TI - Antimycotic and spectral properties of some thiouracilderivatives. PMID- 3233162 TI - Ocular and systemic effects of topical instillation of different formulations of phenylephrine in rabbits. PMID- 3233163 TI - [The Malthus system for the evaluation of mesophilic aerobic charge of ice cream]. PMID- 3233164 TI - Risk of breast cancer in relation to social factors in Denmark. AB - The influence of social factors on breast cancer risk was examined in a population-based case-control study in Denmark. The case group included 1,486 women, aged less than 70, diagnosed with breast cancer over a one-year period. They were identified from notifications to the nationwide clinical trial of the Danish Breast Cancer Co-operative Group and the Danish Cancer Registry. As controls, an age-stratified sample of 1,336 women was selected from the general population. Data on risk factors were collected by self-administered (mailed) questionnaires. Elevated relative risks (RR) were found for women with husbands in white collar jobs (RR = 1.22), and of the highest social class (RR = 1.35). No clear trend in RR was observed with increasing duration of education. Altogether, the association between breast cancer and high socio-economic status was confirmed, though none of the examined factors was a better predictor of risk than the others. Women working in offices had an increased RR while no other occupation was significantly associated with breast cancer. Social or occupational factors did not explain the urban/rural difference in risk seen in this study. PMID- 3233166 TI - Etoposide and cisplatin in advanced esophageal cancer. A preliminary report. AB - In order to find an effective and suitable chemotherapy regimen for preoperative treatment of esophageal cancer, patients with inoperable or metastatic disease were treated with a combination of etoposide and cisplatin. Of 27 evaluable patients, 13 had squamous cell carcinoma, 13 adenocarcinoma, and 1 muco epidermoid carcinoma. No complete responses were noted. Nine of 13 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and only one of 13 with adenocarcinoma showed a partial response. Nine of 10 responders achieved a partial response after 2 courses, one after 4 courses. There was one toxic death, due to sepsis during leukopenia. Other toxicities were alopecia, nausea and vomiting, nephrotoxicity, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. PMID- 3233167 TI - Preoperative chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. A phase II study. AB - Forty-two patients with localized squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were treated according to a phase II study with cisplatin, vindesine and bleomycin (modified Kelsen schedule) prior to surgery. In 17 of these patients partial remission was achieved and in two cases complete remission. Of the 40 patients who were candidates for surgery, 4 were inoperable. In 22 cases the tumor was removed in a potentially curative manner and in 14 patients a palliative resection was performed. There were 4 post-operative deaths among 36 resected patients. Anastomic leakage occurred in 5 and severe cardiopulmonary complications in 4 patients. The side effects of the preoperative treatment were acceptable. A high resectability rate and a comparatively high survival rate in patients who responded to chemotherapy suggest that the preoperative treatment employed might be of value. PMID- 3233165 TI - Weekly low-dose doxorubicin as second line therapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - This is a retrospective analysis of women whose advanced breast cancer was treated with weekly low-dose doxorubicin (12 mg/m2) as second line therapy. The patients received doxorubicin as single agent therapy (group D, n = 47) or combined with various cytotoxic (group D+CT, n = 52) or with hormonal drugs (group D+ET, n = 37). Objective responses were found in 23% in group D, in 33% in group D+CT and in 30% in group D+ET. Mean response duration was 11 months in group D+CT and group D+ET and 6 months in group D (p = 0.007, Student's t-test). Median survival was 17 months in group D+CT and 9 months both in group D and group D+ET (p = 0.01, Mantel-Cox). The toxicity was mild. However, nausea occurred more often in group D+CT than in group D (p = 0.009, chi-square-test). PMID- 3233168 TI - Natural human interferon-beta in metastatic malignant melanoma. A phase II study. AB - A phase II trial of natural human fibroblast interferon (HuIFN-beta) in 15 previously untreated patients with advanced metastatic malignant melanoma is reported. It was given as out-patient treatment by 30 min i.v. infusion of 60 x 10(6) U/m2/day on 4 consecutive days each week. Systemic toxicity was acceptable to all patients except one who declined further treatment. Performance status of treated patients was good. Three patients had a partial response and 3 patients had stable disease. The median time to response was 13.3 weeks and the duration of response was 22.6 weeks. Responses were seen in lungs and soft tissues only and relapses were seen particularly in the central nervous system and the liver. Overall survival of the patients was only 20.7 weeks. Those who achieved a partial remission had a median survival of 34.7 weeks and those with disease stabilisation a survival of 22.0 weeks. HuIFN-beta is shown to have anti-tumour activity in advanced metastatic melanoma, although the unit dose of HuIFN-beta is much larger than that required to achieve similar anti-tumour activity with interferon-alpha. PMID- 3233169 TI - Results of endocavitary irradiation of early rectal tumors. AB - At the C. G. F. Leclerc, Dijon, 91 early rectal tumors were treated with intracavitary contact radiotherapy alone or in combination with interstitial brachytherapy. The median age of the patients was 70 years. Most of them were referred because of poor surgical risk. Preservation of the sphincter was obtained in 85% (77/91). The actuarial local relapse-free survival rate at 5 years was 74% (67/91). No significant difference was seen between the 72 adenocarcinomas and 19 villous adenomas (p = 0.12). For the middle rectum the rate was 94% compared to 54% for the upper and 77% for the lower rectum. Anterior primaries fared better than posterior and lateral tumors (100%, 63%, and 67% respectively). After salvage therapy the local control rate raised to 91% (83/91). The clinical and endoscopic staging system of Dijon was of prognostic significance: T1A adenocarcinomas (purely exophytic tumors of less than 3 cm) had a better 5-year local relapse-free survival rate (97%) than T2A, T1B or T2B (p less than 0.01). PMID- 3233172 TI - Germinoma of the third ventricle--complete response to radiation therapy documented with computed tomography. PMID- 3233171 TI - The Chernobyl accident. Transport of radionuclides to man living in northern Sweden. AB - The pathways of 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs from the Chernobyl fallout to man were followed in the county of Vasterbotten, Sweden. Reported airplane measurements had shown that the ground deposition of 137Cs was 3-40 kBq/m2 with hot spots with more than 80 kBq/m2. Multiplying with a factor of 0.6 gave the 134Cs deposition and an approximate factor of 20 the 131I ground deposition. The effective dose equivalent from 131I became low, less than 0.1 mSv, as the cows were stabled. The 137Cs activity concentration in different types of food was measured in approximately 8,000 samples. The most important sources of Cs intake in man were lake fish, elk (European moose) and reindeer. Variations with time was studied in detail for four types of lake fish. Whole-body measurements on more than 250 persons showed that no group of people on average received more than 1 mSv from food during the first year after the Chernobyl accident. However, single persons eating large amounts of reindeer meat received up to 2.5 mSv. People buying all their food in ordinary provision-shops got less than 0.1 mSv from the food during the first year. The present level of 90Sr activity concentration in man will only give an effective dose equivalent of 0.004 mSv/year, most of it being a result of the atmospheric nuclear bomb tests. PMID- 3233170 TI - Adolescents dying from cancer. AB - 'Dying' and 'adolescence' are both transitional periods, characterized by change, loss, separation, along with a search for meaning and identity. It is therefore important for those involved in the care of dying adolescents to possess the necessary skills for understanding the reactions and needs of young people who attempt--through interaction with others--to give meaning to both their life and their approaching death. Effective intervention necessitates the ability to encourage open communication and to interpret the symbolic language that adolescents use to express their feelings, concerns and needs. Examples from clinical experience are presented and discussed in an attempt to enhance appropriate support during those critical moments. Dying is a social and dynamic process and through meaningful interaction and honest communication, it may become an enriching experience for both the adolescent and those involved in his/her care. PMID- 3233173 TI - Odontogenic sarcoma following radiation treatment of tongue cancer--a case report. PMID- 3233174 TI - Effect of patient positioning on beam modifying devices. PMID- 3233175 TI - The interaction between RSU-1069, hydralazine and hyperthermia in a C3H mammary carcinoma as assessed by tumour growth delay. PMID- 3233176 TI - Patients making decisions--do specialist nurses help? PMID- 3233177 TI - Acute leukemia in multiple myeloma. PMID- 3233178 TI - Education and training in Switzerland for nurses with different levels of knowledge in cancer nursing. PMID- 3233179 TI - Risk of tumors of the nervous system among mercury and other seed disinfectant applicators in Swedish agriculture. PMID- 3233181 TI - Erythrocyte carnitine: a study of erythrocyte fractions isolated by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. AB - Erythrocyte fractions of varying density were isolated by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation of washed erythrocytes of five subjects (three adults and two cord bloods). Free and total carnitine concentrations were determined in each gradient fraction to compare the carnitine content of less dense with more dense erythrocytes. Erythrocyte, leukocyte, and reticulocyte counts and hemoglobin were measured on all fractions of each gradient. The density gradient studies showed that the highest proportion of reticulocytes were associated with the least dense gradient fractions of all five subjects. Linear regression analyses revealed significant positive correlations (r = 0.94 to 0.99, P less than 0.02 to P less than 0.001) between the number of reticulocytes per fraction and the total or free carnitine concentrations per fraction for all subjects. No correlation was found between free or total carnitine and hemoglobin, number of erythrocytes, or number of leukocytes per fraction. It appears that erythrocyte carnitine is localized in circulating reticulocytes which have mitochondria and carnitine dependent fatty acid metabolism. PMID- 3233180 TI - Some mechanisms of nonspecific antiarrhythmic action of phosphocreatine in acute myocardial ischemia. AB - Using isotope-labeled microspheres (diameter 15 microns) it was shown that phosphocreatine at a dose of 300 mg/kg does not affect the myocardial blood flow in the ischemic zone during acute occlusion (5 min) of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in dogs. Intravenous administration of NaCl hypertonic solution which contained the same amount of Na+ as 300 mg/kg of phosphocreatinine disodium salt prevented the development of ventricular fibrillation during acute LAD occlusion in dogs. Under these conditions excitation conduction velocity significantly increased. Experiments in isolated intraventricular rabbit septum have showed that the addition of phosphocreatine or phosphocreatinine to the perfusion medium at a concentration of 10 mmole/liter increased excitation conduction velocity in ischemic myocardium. However, when changes in perfusate Na+ and Ca2+ concentration produced by addition of phosphocreatine or phosphocreatinine were compensated, these compounds do not affect excitation conduction velocity. On the other hand, the alterations similar to those produced by the addition of phosphocreatine or phosphocreatinine led to the same increase of excitation conduction velocity. The results obtained indicate an important role of the changes of blood plasma ionic composition on intravenous administration of phosphocreatine in electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic effects of this substance during acute myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3233182 TI - Comparison of glycopeptide in lung cancer tissues of different histological types. AB - The glycopeptide was studied in the pulmonary cancer tissues of three different histological types including squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. The glycopeptide preparation was made by digesting the lung cancer tissues with proteolytic enzymes followed by removal of enzymes and undigested protein. The comparison of the relative proportion of the glycopeptide, which migrated toward the anode slower than hyaluronic acid, and was stained with both alcian blue and PAS, and contained higher sialic acid, was carried out among three different histologic types of lung cancer. This glycopeptide was highest in adenocarcinoma, followed by undifferentiated cell carcinoma, and was lowest in squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 3233183 TI - A simple spectrophotometric assay for urinary leukocyte esterase activity. AB - We have developed a sensitive spectrophotometric method for assaying urinary leukocyte esterase activity by employing a synthetic substrate, N-toluene sulfonyl indoxyl alanine ester. This kinetic assay can be performed with a small aliquot of urine, by following the change in absorbance of the chromophore at 385 nm. It is rapid and specific for leukocyte esterase and therefore can be used in the early diagnosis of urinary tract infection. PMID- 3233184 TI - Important data in understanding the interaction between the cell and collagen. AB - In a collagen preparation obtained from rat tail tendon, besides triglycerides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and phosphatides whose presence have been reported before, the presence of plasmalogens and glycolipids including gangliosides was observed. PMID- 3233185 TI - Vaginal hydrolysis of retinyl acetate: increase in plasma retinol and retinol binding protein in women with cervical dysplasias. AB - We previously reported the clinical feasibility of a Phase I trial involving the topical administration of a RA gel applied cervicovaginally in women with mild or moderate cervical dysplasia. Now, we report hydrolysis and systemic absorption of the RA gel from the vagina. HPLC analysis of samples of residual gel obtained from the cervical canal after topical bolus application indicate that the RA undergoes prompt in vivo hydrolysis yielding retinol as a major metabolite. Venous blood samples of 41 subjects, who self-administered a RA gel, were analyzed for plasma retinol and RBP concentrations prior to and upon completion of a 7-day treatment course and upon return for follow-up examinations. An increase in both the concentrations of plasma retinol and RBP were detected after topical application of the RA gel. These elevated values receded after the gel administration was discontinued. No significant changes were observed in plasma retinol or RBP concentrations in placebo-treated subjects. The efficacy of RA as a chemopreventive agent in treating cervical dysplasias remains to be determined. PMID- 3233187 TI - Human placental dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III: hydrolysis of enkephalins and its stimulation by cobaltous ion. AB - The degradation of enkephalin and related peptides by highly purified dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III (EC 3.4.14.4) was studied. The enzyme releases the N-terminal dipeptide units from substrates greater in length than the tetrapeptide. The enzyme exhibits an optimum of pH 7.5, Km of 81 microM and Vmax of 0.043 mumole/min for Leu-enkephalin. Its activity was markedly stimulated by Co2+, with both the Km and Vmax being increased. Among the enkephalin-related peptides examined, des-Tyr1-Leu-enkephalin was the most rapidly hydrolyzed with Co2+, but only slight stimulation was observed with Co2+. PMID- 3233188 TI - Are disabled readers delayed or different? An approach using an objective miscue analysis. PMID- 3233186 TI - Serum apoproteins A and B and the lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase activities in liver cirrhosis and hepatic coma patients. AB - Serum apoproteins A and B and LCAT activities were estimated in 80 patients, 46 with posthepatic cirrhosis and 34 with alcoholic cirrhosis. The cirrhosis patients were also divided into compensated, decompensated, and hepatic coma subgroups. Apo-A and LCAT activities were significantly decreased in both cirrhotic groups without any significant difference between posthepatitic and alcoholic cirrhotic groups, while Apo-B was decreased in hepatic coma patients only. The decompensated cirrhosis patients showed lower Apo-A levels than the compensated cirrhosis patients and hepatic coma patients showed still lower levels compared to decompensated subgroup, while no significant decrease was observed in LCAT activities between compensated and decompensated cirrhosis patients. Apo-A level was correlated more significantly with serum albumin level than the LCAT activity. The study confirms that Apo-A level is highly related to the degree of liver injury and also suggests that this decrease may be mainly due to impaired liver synthesis and that the serum levels of Apo-A and Apo-B can be utilized in the differential diagnosis of chronic liver diseases. PMID- 3233189 TI - Slow starters and long-term backward readers: a replication and extension. PMID- 3233190 TI - Yule's "hump" revisited. PMID- 3233191 TI - Properties influencing fluorophore lifetime distributions in lipid bilayers. AB - The fluorescence lifetime of the membrane fluorophore 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene has been analyzed according to the distributional approach in a number of lipid bilayer systems. The systems included vesicles of 16:0/18:1 phosphatidylcholine (POPC), egg phosphatidylcholine (EYPC), microsomal phospholipids, and also intact microsomal membranes. With increasing complexity of composition, an increasingly broader width was found in the major component of a bimodal Lorentzian fluorescence lifetime distribution. In order to explain these findings, we propose a model based on environmental heterogeneity and environmental sampling, where the environment is defined as the lipid molecules immediately surrounding the fluorophore. Environmental heterogeneity is thought of as arising from organizational, compositional, and solvent factors. Environmental sampling pertains to the ability of a fluorophore to detect environments in a system and is a function of the fluorophore lifetime and the lipid dynamics. If the fluorescence lifetime is sufficiently short, the fluorophore will only sample a particular environment, and great compositional complexity will mean that each fluorophore in an ensemble will decay to the ground state with a different time. This appears to explain why in our results with DPH a narrow width is obtained for POPC, where vesicles are composed of a single phospholipid molecular species, compared to EYPC and microsomal phospholipid vesicles having complex molecular species composition. This model should serve as a basis for understanding the interrelationships of environmental complexity and lipid dynamics in membranes. PMID- 3233192 TI - 2-octynoyl coenzyme A is a mechanism-based inhibitor of pig kidney medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase: isolation of the target peptide. AB - Pig kidney medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.3) is irreversibly and stoichiometrically inactivated by [1-14C]-2-octynoyl coenzyme A. The linkage is stable at pH 2-6, but labile under basic conditions. The inhibitor labels a unique tryptic peptide, Ile-Tyr-Gln-Ile-Tyr-Glu-Gly-Thr-Ala-Gln-Ile-Gln-Arg, close to the C-terminus of the protein. The peptide is labeled at Glu-401 with the acyl moiety of the inhibitor but does not contain detectable coenzyme A. Both the inactivation of the dehydrogenase and the appearance of an absorption band at 800 nm show large primary deuterium isotope effects using 4,4'-dideuterio-2 octynoyl-CoA (7.3 and 6.3, respectively). Thus, 2-octynoyl-CoA is a mechanism based inactivator of the dehydrogenase and is activated by rate-limiting gamma proton abstraction. Glutamate-401 may be the base that abstracts the pro-R alpha proton during the dehydrogenation of normal substrates. PMID- 3233193 TI - Anomalously slow cyanide binding to Glycera dibranchiata monomer methemoglobin component II: implication for the equilibrium constant. AB - In comparison to sperm whale metmyoglobin, metleghemoglobin a, methemoglobins, and heme peroxidases, the purified Glycera dibranchiata monomer methemoglobin component II exhibits anomalously slow cyanide ligation kinetics. For the component II monomer methemoglobin this reaction has been studied under pseudo first-order conditions at pH 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0, employing 100-250-fold mole excesses of potassium cyanide at each pH. At 20 degrees C, with micromolar protein concentrations, kobsd varies between 9.11 x 10(-5) s-1 at pH 6.0, 100 fold KCN mole excess, and 1.12 x 10(-2) s-1 at pH 9.0, 250-fold KCN mole excess. Our analysis shows that the concentration-independent bimolecular rate constant (k1app) is small in comparison to those of the other heme proteins. For example, at pH 7.0 it is 0.491 M-1 s-1, compared to 1.1 x 10(5) M-1 s-1 for cytochrome c peroxidase; 111 M-1 s-1 for guinea pig methemoglobin; approximately 400 M-1 s-1 for sperm whale metmyoglobin; and 692 M-1 s-1 for soybean metleghemoglobin a, at the same pH and similar temperatures. Furthermore, our results show that the dissociation rate is extremely slow, with k-1app no larger than 10(-6) s-1. Separation of the bimolecular rate constant into contributions from kCN- (the rate constant for CN- binding) and from kHCN (the rate constant for HCN binding) shows that the former is approximately 90 times greater. These results indicate that cyanide ligation reactions are not instantaneous for this protein, which is important for those attempting to study the ligand-binding equilibria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233194 TI - Protein components of human tracheobronchial mucin: partial characterization of a closely associated 65-kilodalton protein. AB - A high-density mucin glycoprotein was isolated from human tracheobronchial secretions substantially free of contaminating protein, low-density glycoprotein, proteolytic enzymes, and lipid. A closely associated 65-kDa protein was discovered while investigating the effect of 2-mercaptoethanol treatment on the purified mucin glycoprotein. It has been established that the 65-kDa protein is neither alpha 1-antichymotrypsin nor human serum albumin, two proteins of similar molecular weight which are found in crude tracheobronchial secretions. This protein lacks cross-reactivity with antibodies directed against serum components and is presumably comparable to the 65-kDa protein similarly isolated from canine tracheal pouch secretions [Ringler et al. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 5322-5328]. Although both the presence of sulfhydryl groups and the ability to be reassociated with the mucin molecule have been established, it is not clear whether its association is due to direct disulfide bonding, hydrophobicity, or entrapment. It was found that 14C-methylated methemoglobin was an inappropriate substrate for measurement of proteolytic activity in mucin preparations due to inherent entrapment and clearance capabilities of mucin molecules. PMID- 3233195 TI - Unfolding free energy changes determined by the linear extrapolation method. 1. Unfolding of phenylmethanesulfonyl alpha-chymotrypsin using different denaturants. AB - Characteristics and properties of the unfolding free energy change, delta G degrees N-U, as determined by the linear extrapolation method are assessed for the unfolding of phenylmethanesulfonyl chymotrypsin (PMS-Ct). Difference spectral measurements at 293 nm were used to define PMS-Ct unfolding brought about with guanidinium chloride, urea, and 1,3-dimethylurea. All three denaturants were shown to give identical extinction coefficient differences (delta epsilon N-U) between native and unfolded forms of the protein in the limit of zero concentration of denaturant. The independence of delta epsilon N-U on denaturant supports the linear extension of pre- and postdenaturational base lines into the transition zone, allowing evaluation of unfolding equilibrium constants based on the two-state assumption. An expression, based on the linear extrapolation method, was used to provide estimates of delta G degrees N-U for the three denaturants using nonlinear least-squares fitting of the primary data, delta epsilon versus [denaturant]. The three delta G degrees N-U values were identical, within error, suggesting that the free energy change is a property of the protein system and independent of denaturant. It is suggested that the error in delta G degrees N-U determined from use of the linear extrapolation method is significantly larger than commonly reported in the literature. PMID- 3233196 TI - Unfolding free energy changes determined by the linear extrapolation method. 2. Incorporation of delta G degrees N-U values in a thermodynamic cycle. AB - The linear extrapolation method was used to evaluate the unfolding free energy changes (delta G degrees N-U) for phenylmethanesulfonyl chymotrypsin (PMS-Ct) at pH 6.0. The nonlinear least-squares fits of difference spectral data using urea and guanidinium chloride as denaturants gave identical values for delta G degrees N-U and delta epsilon degrees U, the latter being extinction coefficient differences between native and unfolded forms of the protein in the limit of zero concentration of denaturant. The independence of these parameters from the nature of solvent suggests strongly that they are characteristic properties of the protein alone. The delta G degrees N-U data at pH 6.0 and 4.0, which differ by more than 100-fold in stability of the protein, were incorporated into a thermodynamic cycle involving free energy changes for titration of native and unfolded PMS-Ct from pH 4.0 to 6.0. The purpose of the cycle was to test whether delta G degrees N-U obtained by use of the linear extrapolation method exhibits the characteristics required of a thermodynamic function of state. Within error, the thermodynamic cycle was found to accommodate the delta G degrees N-U quantities obtained at pH 4.0 and 6.0 for PMS-Ct. PMID- 3233197 TI - Structural modeling of the distamycin A-d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 complex using 2D NMR and molecular mechanics. AB - The structure of the distamycin A-d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 complex has been determined through a combination of SKEWSKY and NOESY 2D NMR experiments and molecular mechanics calculations. NMR data provided upper bounds on many proton-proton pairs. The advantage of the SKEWSKY/NOESY method is that small groups of strongly coupled spins can be treated accurately as isolated systems. The AMBER molecular mechanics package, modified to include the NMR constraints, was used in energy refinements. Distamycin A fits snugly into the 5'-AATT-3' minor-groove binding site. Structural analysis revealed van der Waals contacts between A5, A6, and A18 C2H and drug H3 protons, potential three-center hydrogen bonding between drug amide protons and adenine N3 and thymine O2 atoms analogous to the spine of hydration in the crystal structure of the free DNA, and stacking of the sugar O1' atoms of A6-C21, T7-T20, and, T8-T19, over drug pyrrole rings 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In addition to hydrophobic effects, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions proposed by others, it is suggested that stacking interactions between DNA sugar O1' atoms and the three drug pyrrole rings contribute to the stability of the complex. PMID- 3233198 TI - The structure of rat mast cell protease II at 1.9-A resolution. AB - The structure of rat mast cell protease II (RMCP II), a serine protease with chymotrypsin-like primary specificity, has been determined to a nominal resolution of 1.9 A by single isomorphous replacement, molecular replacement, and restrained crystallographic refinement to a final R-factor of 0.191. There are two independent molecules of RMCP II in the asymmetric unit of the crystal. The rms deviation from ideal bond lengths is 0.016 A and from ideal bond angles is 2.7 degrees. The overall structure of RMCP II is extremely similar to that of chymotrypsin, but the largest differences between the two structures are clustered around the active-site region in a manner which suggests that the unusual substrate specificity of RMCP II is due to these changes. Unlike chymotrypsin, RMCP II has a deep cleft around the active site. An insertion of three residues between residues 35 and 41 of chymotrypsin, combined with concerted changes in sequence and a deletion near residue 61, allows residues 35 41 of RMCP II to adopt a conformation not seen in any other serine protease. Additionally, the loss of the disulfide bridge between residues 191 and 220 of chymotrypsin leads to the formation of an additional substrate binding pocket that we propose to interact with the P3 side chain of bound substrate. RMCP II is a member of a homologous subclass of serine proteases that are expressed by mast cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and cytotoxic T-cells. Thus, the structure of RMCP II forms a basis for an explanation of the unusual properties of other members of this class. PMID- 3233199 TI - Interaction of chloroquine with linear and supercoiled DNAs. Effect on the torsional dynamics, rigidity, and twist energy parameter. AB - The magnitude and uniformity of the torsion elastic constant (alpha) of linear pBR322 DNA and supercoiled pBR322 DNAs with high-twist (sigma = -0.083) and normal-twist (sigma = -0.48) are measured in 0.1 M NaCl as a function of added chloroquine/base-pair ratio (chl/bp) by studying the fluorescence polarization anisotrophy (FPA) of intercalated ethidium dye. The time-resolved FPA is measured by using a picosecond dye laser for excitation and time-correlated single-photon counting detection. A general theory is developed for the binding of ligands that unwind superhelical DNAs, and the simultaneous binding of two different intercalators is treated in detail. The equilibrium constant (K) for binding chloroquine to linear pBR322 DNA and the number (r) of bound chloroquines per base pair are determined from the relative amplitude ratio of the slow (normally intercalated) and fast (free) components in the decay of the (probe) ethidium fluorescence intensity as a function of chl/bp. For chloroquine binding to supercoiled pBR322 DNAs, the intrinsic binding constant is assumed to be the same as for the linear DNA, but the twist energy parameter ET (N times the free energy to change the linking number from 0 to 1 in units of kBT) is regarded as adjustable. Using the best-fit ET, the binding ratios r are calculated for each chl/bp ratio. Twist energy parameters are also determined for ethidium binding to these supercoiled DNAs by competitive dialysis. For chloroquine binding, we obtain ET = 360 and 460 respectively for the normal-twist and high-twist supercoiled DNAs. For ethidium binding the corresponding values are ET = 280 +/- 70 and 347 +/- 50. Like other dye-binding values, these are substantially lower than those obtained by ligation methods. In the absence of chloroquine, the torsion constants of all three DNAs are virtually identical, alpha = (5.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(-12) dyn.cm. For linear pBR322 DNA, the magnitude and uniformity of alpha remain unaltered by intercalated chloroquine up to r = 0.19. This finding argues that the FPA is not significantly relaxed by diffusion of any kinks or solitons. If alpha d denotes the torsion constant between a dye and a base pair and alpha 0 that between two base pairs, then our data imply that alpha d/alpha 0 lies in the range 0.65-1.64, with a most probable value of 1.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3233200 TI - Anthracycline-DNA interactions studied with linear dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. AB - DNA-binding geometry and dynamics of a number of anthracyclines, including adriamycin and 4-demethoxydaunorubicin, interacting with DNA have been studied by means of linear dichroism and fluorescence techniques. The anthracycline chromophore is found to be approximately parallel to the plane of the DNA bases and to have a restricted mobility, as would be expected for an intercalative binding mode, but there are variations between different directions in the chromophore as well as between the drugs. From dichroic spectra of adriamycin in an anisotropic host of poly(vinyl alcohol), absorption components corresponding to transitions with mutually orthogonal polarizations have been resolved. These can be exploited to determine the orientations of the two chromophore axes in the DNA complex relative to the DNA helix axis. In a certain binding regime the long axis of the bound anthracycline chromophores (with the exception of 4 demethoxydaunorubicin) is found to be approximately 10 degrees closer to perpendicular to the helix axis than are the DNA bases. This demonstrates that the average base tilt is at least 10 degrees. By contrast, the short axis of the aglycon moiety is found to be tilted some 20-30 degrees from perpendicular. This may be because it is probing a base direction with a more pronounced, static or dynamic, inclination than the average in DNA. The drug orientation and the DNA orientation (reflecting flexibility) are observed to vary differently and nonmonotonically with binding ratio, suggesting specific binding and varying site geometries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233201 TI - Fourier transform infrared study of fully hydrated dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol. Effects of Na+ on the sn-1' and sn-3' headgroup stereoisomers. AB - Molecular packing and the thermotropic phase behavior of fully hydrated ammonium salts of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidyl-sn-1'-glycerol (1'-DMPG) and the corresponding 3' stereoisomer (3'-DMPG) as well as the effects of 300 mM NaCl on these lipids were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The ammonium salts of both stereoisomer show similar thermotropic phase behavior and have an order-disorder phase transition at approximately 21 degrees C. While complexing with Na+, however, an incubation of liposomes at +6 degrees C for 3 days results in significant structural differences between liposomes of 1'-DMPG and 3'-DMPG. In the presence of 300 mM NaCl the infrared spectra for 3'-DMPG reveal the appearance of a more solidified lipid nominated here as the highly crystalline phase with a transition into the liquid-crystalline state at a significantly higher temperature (approximately at 33 degrees C) than that for 1' DMPG (approximately at 23 degrees C). Crystal field splitting resulting from interchain vibrational coupling is observed in the CH2 scissoring mode of the 3' DMPG(Na+) complex in the highly crystalline phase (T less than 33 degrees C); i.e., the acyl chains are packed in a rigid orthorhombic- or monoclinic-like crystal lattice. At temperatures above the transition at 33 degrees C the acyl chains of 3'-DMPG(Na+) give rise to infrared spectra indicative of hexagonal packing. The latter type of hydrocarbon chain packing is also found for the ammonium salts of 1'-DMPG and 3'-DMPG without Na+ as well as for 1'-DMPG with Na+. In addition, the binding of Na+ to 3'-DMPG causes narrowing of the bands associated with the interfacial and polar headgroup regions of 3'-DMPG and thus reveals reduced motional freedom. This demonstrates that Na+ binds tightly to 3' DMPG, leading to the immobilization of the entire phospholipid polar headgroup. Such effects by Na+ are not observed for 1'-DMPG. PMID- 3233202 TI - Interaction of hirudin with thrombin: identification of a minimal binding domain of hirudin that inhibits clotting activity. AB - Hirudin, isolated from the European leech Hirudo medicinalis, is a potent inhibitor of thrombin, forming an almost irreversible thrombin-hirudin complex. Previously, we have shown that the carboxyl terminus of hirudin (residues 45-65) inhibits clotting activity and without binding to the catalytic site of thrombin. In the present study, a series of peptides corresponding to this carboxyl terminal region of hirudin have been synthesized, and their anticoagulant activity and binding properties to thrombin were examined. Binding was assessed by their ability to displace 125I-hirudin 45-65 from Sepharose-immobilized thrombin and by isolation of peptide-thrombin complexes. We show that the carboxyl-terminal 10 amino acid residues 56-65 (Phe-Glu-Glu-Ile-Pro-Glu-Glu-Tyr Leu-Gln) are minimally required for binding to thrombin and inhibition of clotting. Phe-56 was critical for maintaining anticoagulant activity as demonstrated by the loss of activity when Phe-56 was substituted with D-Phe, Glu, or Leu. In addition, we found that the binding of the carboxyl-terminal peptide of hirudin with thrombin was associated with a significant conformational change of thrombin as judged by circular dichroism. This conformational change might be responsible for the loss of clotting activity of thrombin. PMID- 3233203 TI - Role of basic amino acids in the interaction of bindin with sulfated fucans. AB - Bindin, the acrosomal sperm adhesion protein of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, binds specifically and with high affinity (Kd = 10(-8) M) to egg sulfated fucans in the high ionic strength milieu of seawater (0.55 M salt). Previous studies indicated that the negatively charged sulfate groups of the polysaccharide are critical for binding which suggested a binding mechanism involving basic residues of bindin. We found that the binding of fucan to bindin or polyarginine is stable at the ionic strength of seawater, whereas the binding of fucan to polylysine or polyhistidine is inhibited by 50% or more at this ionic strength. Group-specific modification of either arginine, lysine, or histidine residues of bindin results in a substantial inactivation of fucan binding activity. Preincubation of bindin with fucan can almost completely protect bindin from inactivation by arginine-specific reagents, butanedione and phenylglyoxal, but only moderately slowed the inactivation by the histidine reagent diethyl pyrocarbonate. In contrast, prior fucan binding could not prevent loss of activity by the reaction of citraconic anhydride with lysine residues. Other sulfated polysaccharides which do not interact strongly with bindin did not protect binding from phenylglyoxal-mediated inactivation when 800-3000-fold more polysaccharide than fucan was used during the preincubation before modification. We found that the larger and more hydrophobic arginine-modifying reagents, camphorquinone-10-sulfonic acid and cyclohexanedione, fail to inactivate fucan binding, suggesting that essential arginine residues may reside in an environment with restricted accessibility to these reagents. Parallel kinetic studies monitoring [14C]phenylglyoxal incorporation and fucan binding inactivation indicate that several of the four total arginine residues may be critical for fucan binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233205 TI - Interaction of rabbit skeletal muscle troponin T and F-actin at physiological ionic strength. AB - Troponin T has been shown to interact significantly with F-actin at 150 mM KC1 by using an F-actin pelleting assay and 125I-labeled proteins. While troponin T fragment T1 (residues 1-158) fails to pellet with F-actin, fragment T2 (residues 159-259) mimics the binding properties of the intact molecule. The weak competition of T2 binding to F-actin, shown by subfragments of T2, indicates that the interaction site(s) encompass(es) an extensive segment of troponin T. The extent of pelleting of troponin T (or T2) with F-actin is only marginally altered in the binary complex troponin IT (or T2), indicating that the direct interactions either of troponin T (or T2) or of troponin I, or both, with F-actin are weakened when these components are incorporated into a binary complex. The binding of troponin T (or T2) is moderately (-Ca2+) or more extensively reduced (+Ca2+) in the presence of troponin C. The pelleting of Tn-T seen in the presence of Tn-C (-Ca2+) and Tn-I was further reduced when either Tn-I or Tn-C (-Ca2+) was added, respectively, to form a fully reconstituted Tn complex. As noted by others, whole troponin shows little sensitivity to Ca2+ in its binding to F-actin (-tropomyosin). These and other observations, taken together with the restoration of troponin IC (+/- Ca2+) binding to F-actin by troponin T, implicate a role for the interaction of troponin T and F-actin in the thin filament assembly. PMID- 3233204 TI - Natural mRNA is required for directing Met-tRNA(f) binding to 40S ribosomal subunits in animal cells: involvement of Co-eIF-2A in natural mRNA-directed initiation complex formation. AB - Two protein factors, eIF-2 as well as a high molecular weight protein complex from reticulocyte ribosomal high-salt wash which we term Co-eIF-2, promote Met tRNA(f) binding to 40S ribosomes. This binding is dependent on the presence of an AUG codon or natural mRNAs [Roy et al. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122, 1418-1425]. Co-eIF-2 contains two component activities, Co-eIF-2A and Co-eIF-2C. Previously, we have purified an 80-kDa polypeptide containing Co-eIF-2A activity and showed that this polypeptide is a component of Co-eIF-2 and is responsible for Co-eIF-2A activity in Co-eIF-2 [Chakravarty et al. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6945-6949]. We now report purification of a protein complex (subunits of Mr 180K, 110K, 65K, 63K, 53K, 50K, 43K, and 40K) containing Co-eIF-2C activity and devoid of Co-eIF-2A activity. In SDS-PAGE, the purified Co-eIF-2C preparation and an eIF 3 preparation (purified in Dr. A. Wahba's laboratory) separated into seven similar major polypeptides (Mr 110K, 65K, 63K, 53K, 50K, 43K, and 40K). The 50 kDa polypeptide in Co-eIF-2C was immunoreactive with a monoclonal antibody against eIF-4A (50 kDa). We have studied the roles of purified Co-eIF-2A and Co eIF-2C activities in ternary and Met-tRNA(f).40S ribosome complex formation. The results are as follows: (1) At low and presumably physiological factor concentration (30 nM), eIF-2 did not form detectable levels of ternary complex. Moreover, such complex formation was totally dependent on the presence of Co-eIF 2A and/or Co-eIF-2C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233207 TI - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of 13C = O-labeled phospholipids hydrogen bonding to carbonyl groups. AB - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to characterize the carbonyl stretching vibration of DMPC, DMPE, DMPG, and DMPA, all labeled with 13C at the carbonyl group of the sn-2 chain. Due to the vibrational isotope effect, the 13C = O and the 12C = O vibrational bands are separated by ca. 40-43 cm-1. This frequency difference does not change when the labeling is reversed with the 13C = O group at the sn-1 chain. For lipids in organic solvents possible conformational differences between the sn-1 and sn-2 ester groups have no effect on the vibrational frequency of the C = O groups. In aqueous dispersion unlabeled phospholipids always show a superposition of two bands for the C = O vibration located at ca. 1740 and 1727 cm-1. These two bands have previously been assigned to the sn-1 and sn-2 C = O groups. FT-IR spectra of 13C-labeled phospholipids show that the vibrational bands of both, the sn-1 as well as the sn-2 C = O group, are clearly superpositions of at least two underlying components of different frequency and intensity. Band frequencies were determined by Fourier self-deconvolution and second-derivative spectroscopy. The difference between the component bands is ca. 11-17 cm-1. Again, the conformational effect as shown by reversed labeling is negligible with only 1-2 cm-1. The splitting of the C = O vibrational bands in H2O and D2O is caused by hydrogen bonding of water molecules to both C = O groups as shown by a comparison with spectra of model ester compounds in different solvents. To extract quantitative information about changes in hydration, band profiles were stimulated with Gaussian-Lorentzian functions. The chemical nature of the head group and its electronic charge have distinctive effects on the extent of hydration of the carbonyl groups. In the gel and liquid-crystalline phase of DMPC the sn-2 C = O group is more hydrated than the sn-1 C = O. This is accord with the conformation determined by X-ray analysis. In DMPG the sn-1 C = O group seems to be more accessible to water, indicating a different conformation of the glycerol backbone. PMID- 3233206 TI - Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) on the Ca2+-induced fusion of didodecyl phosphate vesicles. AB - This paper reports a study of the effect of the dehydrating agent poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on didodecyl phosphate (DDP) bilayers and on the fusion activity of DDP vesicles as a function of the molecular weight of PEG. PEG 8K in a concentration of 10 wt % does not induce fusion. However, Ca2+-induced fusion is promoted as reflected by a lowering of the Ca2+ threshold concentration. This effect can most likely be attributed to the dehydrating capacity of the polymer. Interestingly, low concentrations (0.1 wt %) of PEG 20 K induce a moderate fusion capacity. At higher concentrations (0.5 wt %) fusion is inhibited, irrespective of the presence of Ca2+. These molecular weight dependent effects can be rationalized by taking into account that the clouding temperature differs for PEGs of different molecular weights. In the case of PEG 20K a microscopic phase separation will occur at the bilayer-water interface because PEG-PEG interactions and presumably PEG-DDP interactions are favored over PEG-water interactions. As a consequence, the DDP vesicle surface becomes covered with PEG 20K, resulting in a steric stabilization of the vesicles. This will impede or prevent, depending on the polymer concentration, the vesicles from approaching each other sufficiently close for fusion to occur. PMID- 3233208 TI - The effect of gentamicin on the biophysical properties of phosphatidic acid liposomes is influenced by the O-C = O group of the lipid. AB - We previously reported that gentamicin binds to liposomes composed of anionic phospholipids and depresses glycerol permeability and raises the activation energy for glycerol permeation in these liposomes. We postulated that these changes in the glycerol permeability and in the activation energy (Ea) for glycerol permeation were due to hydrogen bonding between O-C = O groups in the hydrogen belt and one or more amino groups of gentamicin. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of gentamicin on the membrane surface potential, the glycerol permeability coefficient (p), the Ea for glycerol permeation, and the aggregation of liposomes composed of 1:1 phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidic acid with the acyl chains of phosphatidic acid in either an ester (PA) or an ether (PA*) linkage. Gentamicin depressed the membrane surface electrostatic potential, measured by the partitioning of methylene blue between the bulk solution and the liposomal membrane, to an equivalent degree in PC-PA and PC-PA* liposomes, which indicates that substitution of the ether for the ester linkage did not interfere with the electrostatic interaction between the cationic drug and the negatively charged phosphate head group. Gentamicin caused a temperature-dependent decrease of p and raised Ea for glycerol permeation from 17.7 +/- 0.3 to 21.6 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol in PC-PA liposomes but had little or no effect on these parameters in PC-PA* liposomes. In contrast, gentamicin induced a significantly greater degree of aggregation of PC-PA* liposomes compared to that of PC-PA liposomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233209 TI - Structure and mechanical properties of giant lipid (DMPC) vesicle bilayers from 20 degrees C below to 10 degrees C above the liquid crystal-crystalline phase transition at 24 degrees C. AB - We have used micromechanical tests to measure the thermoelastic properties of the liquid and gel phases of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). We have found that the rippled P beta' phase is only formed when a vesicle is cooled to temperatures below the main acyl chain crystallization transition, Tc, under zero or very low membrane tension. We also found that the P beta' surface ripple or superlattice can be pulled flat under high membrane tension into a planar structure. For a ripple structure formed by acyl chains perpendicular to the projected plane, the projected area change that results from a flattening process is a direct measure of the molecular crystal angle. As such, the crystal angle was found to increase from about 24 degrees just below Tc to about 33 degrees below the pretransition. It was also observed that the P beta' superlattice did not form when annealed L beta' phase vesicles were heated from 5 degrees C to Tc; likewise, ripples did not form when the membrane was held under large tension during freezing from the L alpha phase. Each of these three procedures could be used to create a metastable planar structure which we have termed L*beta' since it is lamellar and plane-crystalline with acyl chains tilted to the bilayer plane. However, we show that this structure is not as condensed as the L beta' phase below 10 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233210 TI - Evidence from base-pair kinetics for two types of adenine tract structures in solution: their relation to DNA curvature. AB - We have measured the base-pair lifetimes in oligodeoxynucleotides containing tracts of A.T base pairs using imino proton magnetic resonance. When the tract contains more than four consecutive A.T base pairs, possibly including a 5'-AT step but not a 5'-TA step, anomalously long lifetimes are observed. For example, the lifetimes of the central A.T base pairs of the dodecamer 5'-d-CGCAAAAAAGCG are 122 and 91 ms at 15 degrees C whereas, in the same conditions, the lifetime of the central A.T pair of the decamer 5'-d-CGCGATCGCG is only 4 ms, a value similar to those measured in several other B-DNA oligoduplexes [Leroy et al. (1988) J. Mol. Biol. 200, 223-238]. This strongly suggests that, in tracts of four A.T pairs or more, a conformation distinct from standard B-DNA is formed cooperatively. All sequences known to generate curved DNA exhibit anomalously long base-pair lifetimes. This is the first local and physical property shown to correlate with DNA curvature. Our observations suggest that the structure responsible for the long lifetimes is involved in the curvature of DNA. PMID- 3233211 TI - Raman spectroscopic measurement of base stacking in solutions of adenosine, AMP, ATP, and oligoadenylates. AB - Measurements of the colligative properties of nucleosides and their derivatives have shown that bases form transient aggregates in solution [Ts'o (1967) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 3612-3622]. Aggregation of nucleotides cannot be measured by osmometry due to the presence of counterions. Sedimentation measurements are difficult to obtain and have been complicated by differences in pH [Ferguson et al. (1974) Biophys. Chem. 1, 325-337]. Raman studies of oligonucleotides have shown that the intensities due to base vibrational modes depend on the extent of base stacking, but this dependence has not been quantitated. We have measured this dependence by relating changes in the Raman spectra of nucleotides and nucleosides with previous measurements of colligative properties. Visible Raman spectra of ATP, AMP, and adenosine, taken over a range of concentrations from 1 to 1000 mM, show that the peak intensity ratio (I1305 + I1380)/I1340 varies linearly with the log of the concentration for all three bases. This concentration-dependent change correlates with published molal osmotic coefficient data for functionally similar bases with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. In contrast, UV resonance Raman spectra of the same bases show changes that vary linearly with concentration. PMID- 3233212 TI - Binding of 9-aminoacridine to bulged-base DNA oligomers from a frame-shift hot spot. AB - Complexes of 9-aminoacridine and two derivatives with oligomers based on the sequence of a hot spot for frame-shift mutations, 5'dGATGGGGCAG, are investigated by proton NMR and equilibrium dialysis. Competition dialysis experiments show that the drug binds bulge-containing oligomers more strongly than regular duplexes of similar sequence and length, with one apparent strong site. A duplex containing an extra cytidine in a run of C's has the highest affinity for 9 aminoacridine among the sequences tested. An oligomer containing five consecutive G.C pairs shows cooperative drug binding, indicating that G tracts of this length may have an altered helical structure. Complexes of a regular 8-mer and a 9-mer containing a bulged guanosine are examined in detail by two-dimensional NMR techniques. 9-Aminoacridine preferentially binds at TpG sites in the 8-mer but binds primarily at the bulged guanosine in the G-bulge 9-mer. Drug-DNA NOE's in the 8-mer complex are compared with the crystal structure of 9-aminoacridine and 5-iodo-CpG [Sakore et al. (1979) J. Mol. Biol. 135, 763-785]. The NMR data suggest that the drug intercalates across the base pairs of both strands with the amino group projecting into the minor groove. PMID- 3233213 TI - Properties of purified actin depolymerizing factor from chick brain. AB - Actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) from 19-day embryonic chick brains has been purified to greater than 98% homogeneity with a yield of 7.2 mg/100 g of brain. Quantitative immunoblotting with a monospecific antibody to ADF indicated that ADF comprises 0.3% of the total brain protein, resulting in an actual purification yield of about 20%. Brain ADF migrates as a single polypeptide of 19,000 kDa on SDS-containing polyacrylamide gels. The molecular weight of the native protein determined from sedimentation equilibrium in buffers containing from 50 to 200 mM KCl is 20,000. The secondary structure of ADF calculated from the circular dichroic spectrum consists of about 22% alpha-helix, 24% beta-sheet, and 18% beta-turn. ADF contains a blocked N-terminus, a single tryptophan residue located about one-third of the way from one end of the protein, and six cysteine residues (all in reduced form in the native protein). All six cysteine residues could be chemically modified with eosinylmaleimide under nondenaturing conditions; however, ADF activity was lost when more than one cysteine residue was modified. ADF microheterogeneity has been observed upon nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing 9 M urea, the major isoform having a pI of congruent to 7.9-8.0. ADF can interact with either monomeric or filamentous actin to give a complex which can be isolated by gel filtration chromatography. Both major and minor isoforms of the ADF are found in the complex. Assembly-competent actin and active ADF can both be recovered from the complex by chromatography on ATP-saturated DEAE-cellulose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233214 TI - Primary and secondary structural determinants in the receptor binding sequence beta-(38-57) from human luteinizing hormone. AB - The intercysteine "loop" sequence 38-57 in the beta subunit has been shown to be a determinant for expression of biological activity in human lutropin (hLH) and choriogonadotropin (hCG) [Keutmann, H. T., Charlesworth, M. C., Mason, K. A., Ostrea, T., Johnson, L., & Ryan, R. J. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 2038]. Together with other sequences, the 38-57 region may contribute to a multicomponent receptor binding domain in hLH/hCG. Because the structural features influencing activity in this important region are not easy to evaluate in the full-length subunit, we have used analogues of hLH beta-(38-57) prepared by solid-phase synthesis. The peptides were tested for inhibition of 125I-labeled hCG binding to rat ovarian membrane receptors. Secondary structure was analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) and by reactivity with antibodies to the native 38-57 peptide. An analogue lacking the 38-57 disulfide linkage retained 20% receptor binding and full immunoreactivity. "Far"-ultraviolet CD profiles were essentially identical with those of the disulfide-intact peptide; a transition from 10% to 30% alpha-helix in 90% trifluoroethanol was characteristic of both. The peptide thus appears not to require the disulfide bridge to retain a looped conformation with amphipathic secondary structure. An essential positive charge at position 43 was shown by complete loss of activity upon substitution of Asp or Ala for the Arg found in all known species of LH. Other analogues showed a requirement for a neutral residue at position 47, also highly conserved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233215 TI - Flexibility of the myosin heavy chain: direct evidence that the region containing SH1 and SH2 can move 10 A under the influence of nucleotide binding. AB - Previous experiments demonstrated that two thiols of skeletal myosin subfragment 1 (SF1) could be oxidized to a disulfide bond by treatment with a 2-fold excess of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) in the presence of MgADP [Wells, J. A., & Yount, R. G. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 1711-1717]. The resulting characteristic changes in the ATPase activities of SF1 and the fact that MgADP was stably trapped at the active site [Wells, J. A., & Yount, R. G. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 4966-4970] suggested that the two thiols cross-linked were SH1 (Cys-707) and SH2 (Cys-697) from the myosin heavy chain. To verify this suggestion, SF1, after DTNB treatment as above, was treated with an excess of N ethylmaleimide to block all accessible thiols. The single protein disulfide produced by DTNB oxidation was reduced with dithioerythritol and the modified SF1 internally cross-linked with equimolar [14C]p-phenylenedimaleimide (pPDM) in the presence of MgADP. After extensive trypsinization, the major 14C-labeled peptide was isolated, characterized, and shown to be Cys-Asn-Gly-Val-Leu-Gly-Ile-Arg-Ile Cys-Arg, in which the two cysteines were cross-linked by pPDM. This peptide is known to contain SH2 and SH1 in this order and to come from residues 697-708 in the rabbit skeletal myosin heavy chain [Elzinga, M., & Collins, J. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 4281-4284; M. Elzinga, personal communication].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233216 TI - Variability in the amino terminus of myosin light chain 1. AB - Three naturally occurring variants of myosin light chain 1, type I, II, and III from avian fast-twitch muscle, have been analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC peptide mapping and amino acid sequencing. Difference peptides were absent from accompanying digests of the related protein, myosin light chain 3, indicating that the heterogeneity was located in the N-terminal 50 residues unique to light chain 1. The type II variant possessed the previous published sequence for the protein [Nabeshima Y., Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., Muramatsu, M., & Ogata, K. (1984) Nature (London) 308, 333-338]. The type I variant, which migrates faster than the type II on SDS gene electrophoresis, contained a Pro----Ala substitution at residue 15, turning the Lys-Pro-(Ala)5(Pro-Ala)7 stretch in this region into Lys Pro-(Ala)7(Pro-Ala)6. The type III variant, which migrates just faster than the type I, had an (Ala)2 deletion in the (Ala)5 run, yielding Lys-Pro-(Ala)3-(Pro Ala)7. As indicated by the SDS gel migration rates, the type I and III variants are significantly shorter in length than the type II. The benign nature of the changes is consistent with a flexible arm function for the N-terminal region of light chain 1, with the structural changes in the variants occurring in the spacer region of the arm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233217 TI - Design, synthesis, and fluorescence studies of fluorenyl fatty acids as new depth dependent fluorescent probes for membranes: getting over the looping-back problem. AB - Fluorescent fatty acids have proved very useful in studying the membrane hydrophobic core. They readily partition into membranes or can be converted to phospholipids, which form integral components of membranes. By attaching the fluorescent chromophore to different positions along the alkyl chain of fatty acids, e.g., an anthroyloxy group attached via an ester linkage to n hydroxystearic acid, membranes have been probed at different depths. While this is an interesting approach and has been extensively used, relatively little attention has been paid to the molecular design of these probes in order to have minimal membrane perturbation. In the present study we have looked into the general problem of design of such depth-dependent membrane probes. We report here a series of fluorenyl fatty acids with varying fatty acid chain lengths, i.e., (2 fluorenyl)acetic acid, -butyric acid, -hexanoic acid, and -octanoic acid, in order to obtain information at different depths in the membrane hydrophobic core. To see the effect of attachment of a hydrophobic tail on the orientation of such fatty acids in membranes, an n-butyl group was linked to the C-7 position of fluorene in (2-fluorenyl)butyric acid to get 4-(7-n-butylfluoren-2-yl)butyric acid. Further, to assess their ability to act as depth-dependent fluorescent probes, these fatty acids were incorporated in vesicles prepared from egg phosphatidylcholine, and their fluorescence quenching was studied with potassium iodide, Cu(II), 9,10-dibromostearic acid, and 12-bromostearic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233218 TI - Cloning, sequencing, and regulation of rat liver carnitine octanoyltransferase: transcriptional stimulation of the enzyme during peroxisome proliferation. AB - Several complementary DNAs for the peroxisomal enzyme carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT), cloned in the expression vector lambda gt11, have been isolated. Together, these clones cover 2143 bp of the COT cDNA sequence with an open reading frame for 523 amino acids. Northern analysis showed the mRNA size for this enzyme to be 3.5 kilobases. The 523 residue long amino acid sequence amounts to a molecular mass of 60,269 daltons, indicating that the cloned cDNAs contain most or all of the coding sequence for COT (Mr approximately 62,000). Hybridization studies showed that the increased COT activity in the liver of rats, fed the potent peroxisome-proliferating drug Wy-14,643, is associated with a more than 40-fold rise in the steady-state level of the COT mRNA. PMID- 3233219 TI - Human ethanol-inducible P450IIE1: complete gene sequence, promoter characterization, chromosome mapping, and cDNA-directed expression. AB - The human P450IIE1 gene, coding for an ethanol-inducible nitrosamine-metabolizing P-450, was isolated from a lambda EMBL3 genomic library and completely sequenced. The human gene spanned 11,413 base pairs and contained nine exons and a typical TATA box. Upstream and downstream DNAs of 2788 and 559 base pairs were also sequenced and compared to the rat gene. Significant areas of sequence similarity were observed within 140 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in the rat and human genes. Human DNA 539 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site was inserted into the expression vector pSVOAL delta 5', and luciferase activity was detected when the constructs were introduced into a rat hepatoma cell line. The activity was over 100-fold lower than that of pRSVL, a Rous sarcoma virus LTR-driven luciferase gene. By use of panels of rodent-human cell hybrids, the gene was mapped to chromosome 10 (CYP2E locus). A full-length cDNA, constructed with the first exon of the genomic clone and a partial cDNA clone, was expressed in COS cells and found to code for N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase activity. PMID- 3233221 TI - Separation of the nativelike intermediate from unfolded forms during refolding of ribonuclease A. AB - In an effort to determine structural properties of the nativelike intermediate (i.e., IN) which forms during the refolding of RNase A, refolding samples were subjected to rapid HPLC gel filtration which allowed us to separate IN from unfolded forms of RNase. The comparison of these samples, enriched in IN and depleted of unfolded forms, with unseparated control samples at the same stage of refolding allowed certain conclusions to be drawn concerning the properties of IN. First, the results show that the transition from IN to native RNase occurs with only small changes in fluorescence. This means that the major fluorescence changes seen during normal refolding experiments must be associated with changes in proline isomerization of unfolded species and/or with the refolding step itself but not with the IN----N step. Second, the fluorescence assay for isomerization of proline-93 shows that IN exists with proline-93 in a state of isomerization identical with or very similar to native RNase; i.e., proline-93 is cis in IN and not trans as suggested by others. All results are semiquantitatively consistent with our earlier refolding model and not nearly so consistent with alternative models which assume that most or all of the slow refolding forms of RNase have proline-93 in the incorrect trans state. PMID- 3233220 TI - Interaction of diacylglycerols with phosphatidylcholine vesicles as studied by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence probe depolarization. AB - Mixtures of 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol (1,2-DPG), 1,2-dioleylglycerol (1,2-DOG), 1,2 dicapryloylglycerol (1,2-DCG), 1,3-dioleylglycerol (1,3-DOG), and 1,3 dicapryloylglycerol (1,3-DCG) with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) have been studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fluorescence depolarization of the probe diphenylhexatriene (DPH). DSC measurements showed that the tested diacylglycerols (DG's) modified both the pretransition and the main transition of DPPC, but whereas increasing concentrations of 1,2-DPG tended to produce mixtures with transition temperatures higher than that of pure DPPC, all the other diacylglycerols tested tended to decrease this temperature. This is interpreted as a preferential partitioning of 1,2-DPG into rigid domains whereas all the other DG's preferentially partition into fluid domains. Lateral phase separation was detected in all the mixtures, so that the presence of diacylglycerols produced lipid immiscibilities. The phase diagrams constructed from the calorimetric data showed that 1,2-DPG induced solid-phase immiscibility from 0 to 12.5 mol%, whereas 1,2-DCG produced fluid-phase immiscibility at low concentrations, with an eutectic point at 0.64 mol%. 1,2-DOG also showed fluid phase immiscibility. 1,3-DCG behaved differently than 1,2-DCG, but 1,3-DOG was rather similar in its effects to 1,2-DOG. Fluorescence depolarization of DPH included in these lipid mixtures was measured at different temperatures, so that phase transitions and the order of the bilayer were monitored. The phase transitions observed by the fluorescence technique were in general in agreement with those monitored by calorimetry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233223 TI - [Calcium transport in proteoliposomes incorporating membranes of skeletal muscle T-system]. AB - Using the radioisotope method, the Ca2+ transport through proteoliposomes was investigated. The proteoliposomes originating from total brain lipids and skeletal muscle T-system membranes of the rabbit were shown to possess a Ca2+ permeability which can be stimulated by 1.4-dihydroxypyridine derivatives (10(-9) 10(-7) M). Verapamil and Cd2+ (10(-5) M and 10(-3) M, respectively) inhibit the Ca2+ permeability of proteoliposomes stimulated by dihydroxypyridine derivatives. The activating effect of the latter depends on the microviscosity of the proteoliposome lipid bilayer. An addition of cholesterol to brain phospholipids at a ratio of 1:5 increases the stimulating effect of dihydroxypyridine by 50%. PMID- 3233224 TI - [Effect of the structure of oligonucleotide substrates on interaction with methylase Eco dam]. AB - The interaction of Eco dam methylase with various synthetic oligonucleotide substrates was investigated. The "imperfect" duplexes contained a normal GATC recognition sequence in one chain of the enzyme recognition site and had some defects in the complementary chain, i.e., the absence of one or several nucleotide residues or the presence of S-methyl thiophosphate groups at the 3' termini. The 3'-S-methyl thiophosphate residue has the same effect on the methylation of oligonucleotide complexes as does the absence of internucleotide phosphate in the analogous complexes. The presence of both GA dinucleotides in the recognition site is necessary for a productive enzyme-substrate interaction. The experimental data suggest that Eco dam methylase does form a symmetrical enzyme-substrate complex which is similar to that formed by type II restriction enzymes. PMID- 3233222 TI - Calcium-independent activation of prothrombin on membranes with positively charged lipids. AB - The activation of prothrombin by factor Xa is strongly accelerated by negatively charged phospholipids plus calcium ions. In this paper we report that positively charged membranes can also stimulate prothrombin activation provided that the activation reaction is carried out in the absence of calcium ions. Membranes composed of a mixture of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and positively charged lipids like stearylamine, sphingosine, or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide caused a more than 1000-fold increase of the rate of prothrombin activation. Prothrombin activation by the factor Xa-factor Va complex was also considerably stimulated by such membranes. Stimulation of prothrombin activation by positively charged membranes was suppressed at high ionic strength. This suggests that electrostatic attraction of negatively charged proteins by positively charged membranes is the major driving force in the association of prothrombin and factor Xa with the lipid surface. Calcium ions strongly inhibited prothrombin activation on vesicles composed of PC and stearylamine (80/20 M/M), which indicates that the regions of prothrombin and/or factor Xa containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (gla) are important for the interaction of these proteins with positively charged membranes. The importance of the gla domain was confirmed by the observation that PC/stearylamine vesicles had much less effect on the reactions between proteins that lack gla residues [gla-domainless (des-1-45) prothrombin, prethrombin 1, prethrombin 2, or gla-domainless (des-1-44) factor Xa]. The efficiency of prothrombin and prothrombin derivatives to act as substrate decreased in the order prothrombin greater than des-1-45-prothrombin = prethrombin 1 greater than prethrombin 2, while prothrombin activation by gla-domainless (des-1-44) factor Xa was hardly stimulated by positively charged membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233225 TI - [Chelating and antiradical effect of rutin during peroxidation of lipids from microsomes and liposomes]. AB - The antioxidative effect of rutin (vitamin P) on Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in bovine heart microsomes and lecithin liposomes was studied. It was shown that the LPO-induced inhibition of microsomes and liposomes in the presence of rutin occurs via two mechanisms, i.e., association of Fe2+ ions to form an inactive complex and a direct interaction between rutin and free radicals. The contribution of these mechanisms depends on the composition of the reaction mixture. In bovine heart microsomes and liposomes, ascorbic acid has a dual activity towards LPO. At high concentrations of Fe2+ necessary for LPO induction (approximately 1 x 10(-3) M), ascorbic acid blocks LPO, whereas at low Fe2+ concentrations (less than 1 x 10(-4) M) it has a prooxidative effect. A combined use of ascorbic acid and rutin results in an additive antioxidative effect at high Fe2+ concentrations (approximately 1.10(-3) M). However, at low Fe2+ concentrations rutin acts as an antagonist of the prooxidative effect of ascorbic acid. PMID- 3233226 TI - [Binding of lys-plasminogen to E-fragment of fibrinogen]. AB - The interaction of Lys-plasminogen and its fragments with fibrinogen fragment E was studied by equilibrium affinity binding. A quantitative analysis of binding parameters revealed two types of binding sites responsible for Lys-plasminogen interaction with the immobilized fragment E, i.e., with a high (Kd = 1.5 x 10(-6) M) and low (Kd = 82 x 10(-6) M) affinity ones. Among plasminogen fragments, only miniplasminogen and KI-3 bound immobilized fragment E and were eluted by epsilon aminocaproic acid. Hence, two lysine binding sites may be involved in the binding of Lys-plasminogen to fragment E; they are localized in the KI-3 and K5 kringle structures. PMID- 3233227 TI - [Stationary kinetics of multisubstrate enzymatic reactions. Inhibition by reaction products, reversible and irreversible inhibitors]. AB - A generalized scheme of ordered multisubstrate enzymatic reactions under steady state conditions is described. The equations for the reaction rate and product yield as well as the observed rate constant for the enzyme inactivation as functions of concentrations of substrates, reaction products, reversible and irreversible inhibitors were derived and analyzed. It was demonstrated that the kinetic behaviour of such systems can adequately be described in terms of interrelationship of intermediate forms of the enzyme. PMID- 3233228 TI - [Isolation and properties of monomeric and oligomeric forms of gene-engineered human leukocyte interferon alphaA from Pseudomonas sp]. AB - Using stepwise ion-exchange and gel-permeation high performance liquid chromatography and SDS-PAAG gel electrophoresis, it was demonstrated that the non reduced gene-engineered interferon alpha A is represented by multiple forms, namely, four monomers, four dimers, two trimers and one tetramer. All the protein forms were obtained in an individual state and characterized in terms of antiviral activity and immunochemical properties. The heterogeneity of the protein is due both to the formation of anomalous intermolecular disulfide bonds and to the existence of reduced S-S bonds. The antiviral activity of the dimers, trimers and tetramers expressed as units per mole of protein is equal to that for the monomeric form, i.e., the interaction of one monomeric subunit of the covalently-linked oligomer is sufficient for the manifestation of the protein antiviral activity. This suggests that the antiviral status of the cell does not depend on the amount internalized interferon molecules of their processing products but is controlled by the cell receptor whose internalization and, possibly, processing stimulate the transcription of genes involved in the triggering of the immune response. PMID- 3233229 TI - [Identification and characteristics of concanavalin A-binding neurospecific glycoproteins in human brain and brain tumors]. AB - Soluble and membrane-bound neurospecific Con A-binding glycoproteins from human brain and tumours were identified and characterized, using a procedure which included stepwise extraction with low and high ionic strength buffers, buffered. Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate followed by ConA-Sepharose column chromatography, SDS-PAAG electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Adsorbed antisera against different types of neurospecific glycoproteins were used. The bulk of neurospecific glycoproteins (11 and 13) were revealed in protein fractions extracted with low ionic strength buffers and Triton X-100. In astrocytomas and glyoblastomas, some neurospecific glycoproteins were absent. Some glycoproteins were found in tumours, but were absent in brain tissue. Soluble, 77 kD glycoprotein, 11 and 16 kD glycoproteins solubilized with high ionic strength buffers and intrinsic membrane-bound 51, 57, 61, 74 and 77 kD glycoproteins can be viewed as stable neurospecific markers in malignant brain tumours. PMID- 3233230 TI - The teaching of psychiatry: a statue without a socle. PMID- 3233231 TI - Intravenous cocaine: psychiatric effects, biological mechanisms. AB - Volunteer addicts were administered iv loading doses of cocaine, followed by 4-hr cocaine infusions that maintained steady-state conditions. The loading doses were followed by the "rush" and "high" subjective effects that users typically experience; cocaine infusions maintained the experience of drug "high", but not "rush". In a subsequent experiment, haloperidol pretreatment did not alter cocaine "rush" but partially attenuated cocaine "high." During cocaine infusions, we also noted suspicious and paranoid behavior, which were blindly rated by nurses. During one of the infusion conditions, the degree of suspiciousness observed was related to the amount of cocaine previously administered. Although cardiovascular responses to cocaine were marked, we found no alterations in plasma catecholamines following cocaine administrations. Baseline homovanillic acid (HVA) levels, however, were related to the degree of suspiciousness observed following cocaine dosing. The potential contributions of dopaminergic systems and physiological sensitization to the development of the psychiatric toxicity of cocaine are discussed. PMID- 3233232 TI - Evidence for possible linkage between genetic markers and affective disorders. AB - Studies of the underlying components of affective disorders are particularly difficult because of the confounding effects of both genetic and environmental factors. Linkage analysis is a useful tool in delineating the etiology of affective disorders, as it is unlikely that linkage between behavioral traits and blood group polymorphisms could result from environmental effects. The present study used the robust Haseman and Elston sibpair method to analyze linkage between 24 genetic markers and affective disorder in 34 nuclear families from 25 pedigrees (195 people). The probands were ascertained as part of the ongoing NIMH Collaborative Depression Study. Indications of linkage between familial pure depressive disease and MNS and depression spectrum disease and ORM were found, as had been previously suggested. There was also suggestive evidence for linkage between the latter and GC. Results are discussed in terms of methodological differences with previous studies. PMID- 3233233 TI - Longitudinal study of platelet membrane fluidity in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Increased platelet membrane fluidity identifies a prominent subgroup of patients with Alzheimer's disease who exhibit distinct clinical features. In the current longitudinal study, the stability of this membrane characteristic was determined for 15 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 10 healthy elderly controls over a 1 year follow-up period. PMID- 3233234 TI - Depression in early-onset Alzheimer's disease: clinical and neuroendocrine correlates. PMID- 3233235 TI - Plasma exchange for cerebral lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3233236 TI - Sensitization of chronic neuroleptic behavioral effects. PMID- 3233237 TI - Predicting lithium levels. PMID- 3233238 TI - The neuropathology of schizophrenia. PMID- 3233239 TI - Cortisol in major depression. PMID- 3233240 TI - Probenecid monoamine test [correction]. PMID- 3233241 TI - Digital processing of high-resolution electrocardiograms--detection of His Purkinje activity from the body surface. PMID- 3233242 TI - [Application of irradiation and monitoring of the light dose in photodynamic laser therapy]. PMID- 3233243 TI - [Use of a CCD array camera for reflectance spectrometry of blood. 1. Determination of hematocrit-independent oxygen saturation using a new evaluation procedure]. PMID- 3233244 TI - Correlated binary regression with covariates specific to each binary observation. AB - Regression methods are considered for the analysis of correlated binary data when each binary observation may have its own covariates. It is argued that binary response models that condition on some or all binary responses in a given "block" are useful for studying certain types of dependencies, but not for the estimation of marginal response probabilities or pairwise correlations. Fully parametric approaches to these latter problems appear to be unduly complicated except in such special cases as the analysis of paired binary data. Hence, a generalized estimating equation approach is advocated for inference on response probabilities and correlations. Illustrations involving both small and large block sizes are provided. PMID- 3233245 TI - Models for longitudinal data: a generalized estimating equation approach. AB - This article discusses extensions of generalized linear models for the analysis of longitudinal data. Two approaches are considered: subject-specific (SS) models in which heterogeneity in regression parameters is explicitly modelled; and population-averaged (PA) models in which the aggregate response for the population is the focus. We use a generalized estimating equation approach to fit both classes of models for discrete and continuous outcomes. When the subject specific parameters are assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution, simple relationships between the PA and SS parameters are available. The methods are illustrated with an analysis of data on mother's smoking and children's respiratory disease. PMID- 3233246 TI - Incorporating prior information into the analysis of contingency tables. AB - Contingency tables are often analyzed using log-linear models and in some situations prior information on the value of parameters in the log-linear model is available. In this article we describe a prior-posterior procedure that incorporates prior information directly into the analysis through a multivariate normal prior for the log-linear parameters. The mode and curvature of the posterior density are proposed as summary statistics. PMID- 3233247 TI - Small-sample confidence limits for parameters under inequality constraints with application to quantal bioassay. AB - A family of methods is presented for constructing confidence limits for the parameters of a collection of distributions when a simple ordering is assumed among the parameters. The methods are shown to yield confidence limits that are exact or conservative for finite samples. For discrete distributions, one of the methods produces confidence limits that are at least as tight as the limits produced by a commonly used single-sample procedure. Confidence limits are demonstrated for a binomial quantal bioassay problem assuming a nondecreasing dose-response function. Results of a simulation study show that competing asymptotic methods can produce serious discrepancies between nominal and actual coverage probabilities for binomial samples of sizes up to 30, and demonstrate that the new approach can be competitive with the asymptotic methods when the latter maintain their nominal error rates. PMID- 3233248 TI - Using jackknife methods for estimating the parameter in dilution series. AB - Dilution assays are quantal dose-response assays that detect a positive or negative response in each individual culture within groups of replicate cultures that vary in the dose of cells/organisms tested. We propose three jackknife versions of the maximum likelihood estimator of the unknown parameter, i.e., the frequency of a well-defined cell within the context of limiting dilution assays or the density of organisms within the context of serial dilution assays. The methods have been evaluated with artificial data from extensive Monte Carlo experiments. As a result of these experiments and theoretical considerations, the jackknife version based on deleting one individual culture at a time is proposed as the statistical procedure of choice. The next best method is the jackknife version based on leaving out the same replicate from each of the culture groups at a time. PMID- 3233249 TI - Kernel estimates of dose response. AB - A nonparametric method for analyzing quantal response data from an indirect bioassay experiment is proposed. Kernel estimates of the dose-response curve are used to develop approximate confidence intervals for (i) the optimal combination dose of a drug with therapeutic effects at low doses and toxic effects at high doses, and (ii) the lethal dose levels of a toxic chemical. This nonparametric procedure was implemented on real and simulated data. The confidence interval for problem (i) has high coverage probabilities when the dose-response curve is symmetric about the optima. However, the coverage probabilities are adversely affected by asymmetry about the optima and consequently are not reliable unless the sample sizes are large. The use of kernel estimators with higher-order kernels may alleviate this sensitivity to asymmetry. The confidence interval for problem (ii) has high coverage probabilities robust with respect to the shape or symmetry of the underlying dose-response curve. PMID- 3233250 TI - Seasonality comparisons among groups using incidence data. AB - A new test using incidence data is developed for testing whether two or more groups have the same seasonal pattern. The method fits sine waves to the data with a fundamental period of one cycle per year, and has the possibility of using higher harmonics, when necessary, to adequately model the data. The seasonal pattern can, therefore, have an arbitrary shape. The method allows for different length time intervals and different size populations at risk in the time intervals. Maximum likelihood estimation, based on the Poisson distribution, is used to determine the parameters of the model. Likelihood ratio tests and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) are used to determine the number of harmonics, and to test hypotheses. This method has been used to test for seasonal patterns in the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Colorado among persons aged 0-17 years. Comparisons of seasonal patterns are made between males and females, and three age groups, each controlling for the other effect as in analysis of variance. Other potential applications of this approach are also discussed. A basic program is available for an IBM-PC to carry out these analyses. PMID- 3233251 TI - On the use of concordant pairs in matched case-control studies. AB - A new estimator of the common odds ratio in one-to-one matched case-control studies is proposed. The connection between this estimator and the James-Stein estimating procedure is highlighted through the argument of estimating functions. Comparisons are made between this estimator, the conditional maximum likelihood estimator, and the estimator ignoring the matching in terms of finite sample bias, mean squared error, coverage probability, and length of confidence interval. In many situations, the new estimator is found to be more efficient than the conditional maximum likelihood estimator without being as biased as the estimator that ignores matching. The extension to multiple risk factors is also outlined. PMID- 3233253 TI - Models for the duo-trio and triangular methods. AB - Duo-trio and triangular method models by Ura (1960, Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers 7, 107-119) and David and Trivedi (unpublished Technical Report #55, Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1962) for examining perceptual processes have proven to be very useful, but are limited to univariate phenomena. Recent Monte Carlo studies by Ennis and Mullen (1985, Chemical Senses 10, 605-608; 1986, Journal of Mathematical Psychology 30, 206 219), on the probabilities of correct decisions for multivariate responses, showed how they depend on discriminal distance, variance-covariance structure, and orientation in n-space. Mathematical models for the triangular and duo-trio method in the bivariate case were developed by Mullen and Ennis (1987, Psychometrika 52, 235-249). Formulation of the n-dimensional triangular method model was accomplished and problems in numerical integration were resolved by Kapenga et al. (1987, in Numerical Integration, P. Keast and G. Fairweather (eds), 321-328; Dordrecht: Reidel). The n-dimensional duo-trio method model is given in this paper and previous work on the triangular method is reviewed briefly. PMID- 3233252 TI - Power calculations for matched case-control studies. AB - Power calculations are derived for matched case-control studies in terms of the probability po of exposure among the control patients, the correlation coefficient phi for exposure between matched case and control patients, and the odds ratio psi for exposure in case and control patients. For given Type I and Type II error probabilities alpha and beta, the odds ratio that can be detected with a given sample size is derived as well as the sample size needed to detect a specified value of the odds ratio. Graphs are presented for paired designs that show the relationship between sample size and power for alpha = .05, beta = .2, and different values of po, phi, and psi. The sample size needed for designs involving M matched control patients can be derived from these graphs by means of a simple equation. These results quantify the loss of power associated with increasing correlation between the exposure status of matched case and control patients. Sample size requirements are also greatly increased for values of po near 0 or 1. The relationship between sample size, psi, phi, and po is discussed and illustrated by examples. PMID- 3233254 TI - Bayesian methods for multiple capture-recapture surveys. AB - To estimate the total size of a closed population, a multiple capture-recapture sampling design can be used. This sampling design has been used traditionally to estimate the size of wildlife populations and is becoming more widely used to estimate the size of hard-to-count human populations. This paper presents Bayesian methods for obtaining point and interval estimates from data gathered from capture-recapture surveys. A numerical example involving the estimation of the size of a fish population is given to illustrate the methods. PMID- 3233255 TI - Simulated percentage points for the null distribution of the likelihood ratio test for a mixture of two normals. AB - We find the percentage points of the likelihood ratio test of the null hypothesis that a sample of n observations is from a normal distribution with unknown mean and variance against the alternative that the sample is from a mixture of two distinct normal distributions, each with unknown mean and unknown (but equal) variance. The mixing proportion pi is also unknown under the alternative hypothesis. For 2,500 samples of sizes n = 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 70, 75, 80, 100, 150, 250, 500, and 1,000, we calculated the likelihood ratio statistic, and from these values estimated the percentage points of the null distributions. Our algorithm for the calculation of the maximum likelihood estimates of the unknown parameters included precautions against convergence of the maximization algorithm to a local rather than global maximum. Investigations for convergence to an asymptotic distribution indicated that convergence was very slow and that stability was not apparent for samples as large as 1,000. Comparisons of the percentage points to the commonly assumed chi-squared distribution with 2 degrees of freedom indicated that this assumption is too liberal; i.e., one's P-value is greater than that indicated by chi 2(2). We conclude then that one would need what is usually an unfeasibly large sample size (n greater than 1,000) for the use of large-sample approximations to be justified. PMID- 3233256 TI - Dependent competing risks and the latent-failure model. PMID- 3233257 TI - HLA haplotype discordance. AB - Previous work on the inheritance of disease has often used certain measures of HLA haplotype concordance (such as the number of haplotypes "identical by descent," IBD) among affected siblings from each of a number of sibships, each of which contains at least two affected siblings. Here we introduce a new measure of HLA haplotype discordance between the affected and unaffected siblings of each sibship (provided there is at least one of each). We show how the measure can be used to give a simple test for inheritance, which we exemplify with data. PMID- 3233258 TI - Power properties of the likelihood ratio test in an analysis of genetic diseases. AB - A likelihood ratio test concerning a genetic parameter describing in part the nature of a genetic disease is investigated. The test has the undesirable characteristic that its power curve is not a monotonically increasing function of the true value of the parameter being tested. PMID- 3233259 TI - An approach to the analysis of repeated measurements. AB - A linear model for repeated measurements is proposed in which the correlation structure within each time sequence of measurements includes parameters for measurement error, variation between experimental units, and serial correlation within units. An approach to data analysis is presented which involves preliminary analysis by ordinary least squares, use of the empirical semi variogram of residuals to suggest a suitable correlation structure, and formal inference using likelihood-based methods. Applications to two biological data sets are described. PMID- 3233260 TI - Growth curve models of repeated binary response. AB - Experimental designs that include repeated measures of binary response variables over time and under different conditions are common in biology. In such settings, it is often desirable to characterize the response pattern over time. When response variables are continuous, this characterization can be made in terms of a growth model such as the Potthoff-Roy growth curve model. We illustrate how a similar growth curve modeling strategy can be implemented using weighted least squares (WLS) methods for binary response data. The growth models are constructed in terms of polynomial functions across marginal response. However, when growth models are fit to repeated binary response, the nonsignificant higher-order polynomial functions are dropped from the model, rather than used as covariates. Dropping the nonsignificant polynomials from the model will reduce the number of response functions, and help avoid small-sample problems that can occur when the number of correlated response functions is large and sample sizes are small. The reduced set of response functions are then modeled using WLS methods. We illustrate such models with an example of binary fly oviposition response (accept or reject) exhibited by two populations of flies at four ages to two types of fruit. PMID- 3233261 TI - A note on comparing growth rates of animals between groups. AB - A statistical analysis of growth rates for groups of animals is considered. An overall analysis of variance is given that is conditional upon the acceptance of a preliminary homogeneity test for parameters that describe the growth of individuals within groups. PMID- 3233262 TI - A lifetime asymptotic growth curve for human height. AB - A new seven-parameter asymptotic growth curve has been applied to longitudinal data on the height of 13 boys and 14 girls from 1 month to 19 years of age. The residual sums of squares with this new curve were 7.5 times lower on the average than with the currently-used five-parameter curve No. 1 of Preece and Baines (1978, Annals of Human Biology 5, 1-24) and 2.4 times lower than with the recent six-parameter curve of Shohoji and Sasaki (1987, Growth 51, 432-450). The new curve is expressed with respect to total age, passes through the origin, and fits infants as satisfactorily as older children. PMID- 3233263 TI - Principles of odor coding and a neural network for odor discrimination. AB - A concept of olfactory coding is proposed. It describes the stimulus responses of all receptor cells by the use of vector spaces. The morphological convergence pattern between receptor cells and glomeruli is given in the same vector space as the receptor cell activities. The overall input of a glomerulus follows as the scalar product of the receptor cell activity vector and the vector of the glomerulus' convergence pattern. The proposed coding concept shows how the network of the olfactory bulb succeeds in discriminating odors with high selectivity. It is concluded that sets of mitral cells coding similar odors work very much in the way of mutually inhibited matched filters. This solves one main problem both in olfaction as well as real-time odor detection by an artificial nose, i.e., how the fairly low degree of selectivity of receptor cells or sensors is overcome by the neural network following the receptor stage. The formal description of olfactory coding suggests that quality perception which is invariant under concentration shifts is accomplished by an associative memory in the olfactory bulb. PMID- 3233264 TI - Stability of mixed micellar bile models supersaturated with cholesterol. AB - The maximal equilibrium solubility of cholesterol in mixtures of phosphatidylcholine (PC)1 and bile salts depends on the cholesterol/PC ratio (Rc) and on the effective ratio (Re) between nonmonomeric bile salts and the sum (CT) of PC and cholesterol concentrations (Carey and Small, 1978; Lichtenberg et al., 1984). By contrast, the concentration of bile salts required for solubilization of liposomes made of PC and cholesterol does not depend on Rc (Lichtenberg et al., 1984 and 1988). Thus, for Rc greater than 0.4, solubilization of the PC cholesterol liposomes yields PC-cholesterol-bile salts mixed micellar systems which are supersaturated with cholesterol. In these metastable systems, the mixed micelles spontaneously undergo partial revesiculation followed by crystallization of cholesterol. The rate of the latter processes depends upon Rc, Re, and CT. For any given Rc and Re, the rate of revesiculation increases dramatically with increasing the lipid concentration CT, reflecting the involvement of many mixed micelles in the formation of each vesicle. The rate also increases, for any given CT and Re, upon increasing the cholesterol to PC ratio, Rc, probably due to the increasing degree of supersaturation. Increasing the cholate to lipid effective ratio, Re, by elevation of cholate concentration at constant Rc and CT has a complex effect on the rate of the revesiculation process. As expected, cholate concentration higher than that required for complete solubilization at equilibrium yields stable mixed micellar systems which do not undergo revesiculation, but for lower cholate concentrations decreasing the degree of supersaturation (by increasing [cholate]) results in faster revesiculation. We interpret these results in terms of the structure of the mixed micelles; micelles with two or more PC molecules per one molecule of cholesterol are relatively stable but increasing the bile salt concentration may cause dissociation of such 1:2 cholesterol:PC complexes, hence reducing the stability of the mixed micellar dispersions. The instability of PC-cholesterol-cholate mixed systems with intermediary range of cholate to lipids ratio may be significant to gallbladder stone formation as: (a) biliary bile contains PC-cholesterol vesicles which may be, at least partially, solubilized by bile salts during the process of bile concentration in the gallbladder, resulting in mixtures similar to our model systems; and (b) the bile composition of cholesterol gallstone patients is within an intermediary range of bile salts to lipids ratio. PMID- 3233265 TI - Associative neural network model for the generation of temporal patterns. Theory and application to central pattern generators. AB - Cyclic patterns of motor neuron activity are involved in the production of many rhythmic movements, such as walking, swimming, and scratching. These movements are controlled by neural circuits referred to as central pattern generators (CPGs). Some of these circuits function in the absence of both internal pacemakers and external feedback. We describe an associative neural network model whose dynamic behavior is similar to that of CPGs. The theory predicts the strength of all possible connections between pairs of neurons on the basis of the outputs of the CPG. It also allows the mean operating levels of the neurons to be deduced from the measured synaptic strengths between the pairs of neurons. We apply our theory to the CPG controlling escape swimming in the mollusk Tritonia diomedea. The basic rhythmic behavior is shown to be consistent with a simplified model that approximates neurons as threshold units and slow synaptic responses as elementary time delays. The model we describe may have relevance to other fixed action behaviors, as well as to the learning, recall, and recognition of temporally ordered information. PMID- 3233266 TI - Effects of collagen microstructure on the mechanics of the left ventricle. AB - The microstructure of the collagen sheath or weave surrounding a myocyte and the collagen struts interconnecting neighboring myocytes is incorporated into a fluid fiber-collagen continuum description of the myocardium. The sheaths contribute to anisotropic elasticity, whereas the struts contribute to an isotropic component. Elastic moduli of the composite myocyte-sheath complex and the strut matrix are estimated from existing passive biaxial loading data from sheets of canine myocardium. The contribution of the sheath to the elasticity of the myocyte sheath complex is critically dependent on the helical pitch angle. Calculations for a cylindrical model of the left ventricle using both a fluid-fiber and fluid fiber-collagen stress tensor show that the collagen strut matrix tends to limit muscle fiber lengthening; increase myocardial tissue pressure during systole, with endocardial tissue pressure exceeding left ventricular pressure; decrease tissue pressure during diastole, and thus facilitate myocardial blood flow; and aid filling during ventricular relaxation by providing a suction effect that relies on a release of stored elastic energy from the previous contraction. Calculations show that this energy is stored mostly in the collagen struts. PMID- 3233267 TI - A model of force production that explains the lag between crossbridge attachment and force after electrical stimulation of striated muscle fibers. AB - Whereas the mechanical behavior of fully activated fibers can be explained by assuming that attached force-producing crossbridges exist in at least two configurations, one exerting more force than the other (Huxley A. F., and R. M. Simmons. 1971. Nature [Lond.]. 233:533-538), and the behavior of relaxed fibers can be explained by assuming a single population of weakly binding rapid equilibrium crossbridges (Schoenberg, M. 1988. Biophys. J. 54:135-148), it has not been possible to explain the transition between rest and activation in these terms. The difficulty in explaining why, after electrical stimulation of resting intact frog skeletal muscle fibers at 1-5 degrees C, force development lags stiffness development by more than 15 ms has led a number of investigators to postulate additional crossbridge states. However, postulation of an additional crossbridge state will not explain the following three observations: (a) Although the lag between force and stiffness is very different after stimulation, during the redevelopment of force after an extended period of high velocity shortening, and during relaxation of a tetanus, nonetheless, the plots of force versus stiffness in each of these cases are approximately the same. (b) When the lag between stiffness and force during the rising phase of a twitch is changed nearly fourfold by changing temperature, again the plot of force versus stiffness remains essentially unchanged. (c) When a muscle fiber is subjected to a small quick length change, the rate constant for the isometric force recovery is faster when the length change is applied during the rising phase of a tenanus than when it is applied on the plateau. We have been able to explain all the above findings using a model for force production that is similar to the 1971 model of Huxley and Simmons, but which makes the additional assumption that the force-producing transition envisioned by them is a cooperative one, with the back rate constant of the force-producing transition decreasing as more crossbridges attach. PMID- 3233268 TI - A continuum model of protrusion of pseudopod in leukocytes. AB - The morphology of human leukocytes, the biochemistry of actin polymerization, and the theory of continuum mechanics are used to model the pseudopod protrusion process of leukocytes. In the proposed model, the pseudopod is considered as a porous solid of F-actin network, the pores of which are full of aqueous solution. G-actin is considered as a "solute" transported by convection and diffusion in the fluid phase. The pseudopod grows as actin filaments elongate at their barbed ends at the tip of the pseudopod. The driving force of extension is hypothesized as being provided by the actin polymerization. It is assumed that elongation of actin filaments, powered by chemical energy liberated from the polymerization reaction, does mechanical work against opposing pressure on the membrane. This also gives rise to a pressure drop in the fluid phase at the tip of the pseudopod, which is formulated by an equation relating the work done by actin polymerization to the local state of pressure. The pressure gradient along the pseudopod drives the fluid filtration through the porous pseudopod according to Darcy's Law, which in turn brings more actin monomers to the growing tip. The main cell body serves as a reservoir of G-actin. A modified first-order equation is used to describe the kinetics of polymerization. The rate of pseudopod growth is modulated by regulatory proteins. A one-dimensional moving boundary problem based on the proposed mechanism has been constructed and approximate solutions have been obtained. Comparison of the solutions with experimental data shows that the model is compatible with available observations. The model is also applicable to growth of other cellular systems such as elongation of acrosomal process in sperm cells. PMID- 3233269 TI - K channel kinetics during the spontaneous heart beat in embryonic chick ventricle cells. AB - By averaging the current that passes through cell-attached patches on beating heart cells, while measuring action potentials with a whole-cell electrode, we were able to study K channels during beating. In 7-d chick ventricle in 1.3 mM K physiological solutions at room temperature, delayed-rectifier channels have three linear conductance states: 60, 30, and 15 pS. The 60 and 15 pS conductances can exist alone, but all three states may appear in the same patch as interconverting conductance levels. The delayed-rectifier conductance states have low densities (less than 10 channels per 10-microns diam cell), and all have a reversal potential near -75 mV and the same average kinetics. Outward K current through delayed-rectifier channels follows the upstroke without appreciable delay and lasts throughout the action potential. No inward current flows through delayed-rectifier channels during beating. The early outward channel has a nonlinear conductance of 18-9 pS depending on the potential. It also turns on immediately after the upstroke of the action potential and lasts on average only 50 ms. The early outward channel has an extrapolated reversal potential near -30 mV; no inward current flows during beating. The inward-rectifier has an extrapolated conductance and reversal potential of 2-3 pS and -80 mV in 1.3 mM K. Channel kinetics are independent of external K between 10 and 120 mM, and the channel conducts current only during the late repolarization and diastolic phases of the action potential. No outward current flows through inward-rectifier channels during beating. This work parallels a previous study of Na channels using similar techniques (Mazzanti, M., and L. J. DeFelice. 1987, Biophys. J. 52:95-100). PMID- 3233270 TI - Time course of activation of calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. AB - Myoplasmic free calcium transients were measured with antipyrylazo III in voltage clamped segments of frog skeletal muscle fibers and were used to calculate the rate of release (Rrel) of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Intramembrane charge movement was measured for the same pulses in the same fibers. During a depolarizing pulse Rrel rose to an early peak and then decayed relatively rapidly but incompletely due to calcium-dependent inactivation (Schneider M.F., and B.J. Simon. 1988. J. Physiol. (Lond.). 405:727-745). Two approaches were used to determine release activation independent of the effects of inactivation: (a) a mathematical correction based on the assumption that inactivation was a process occurring in parallel with and independently of activation; (b) an experimental procedure in which release was maximally inactivated by a large short prepulse and then the remaining noninactivatable component of release was monitored during a subsequent test pulse. Both procedures gave the same time course of activation of release. Release activation paralleled the time course of intramembrane charge movement but was delayed by a few milliseconds. PMID- 3233271 TI - Depression of Ca2+ insensitive tension due to reduced pH in partially troponin extracted skinned skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Previous studies on skinned muscle fibers have demonstrated a direct effect of elevated levels of H+ ion to depress force production; however, the molecular basis for this effect is presently unknown. Here, whole troponin complexes were removed from skinned single fiber preparations of rat slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles, and the effect of H+ ions on the resultant Ca2+-insensitive force was examined. The effect of H+ ions to depress force was found to be virtually identical in untreated control fibers activated in the presence of Ca2+ and in fibers activated in the absence of Ca2+ by troponin removal. Thus, the effect of H+ ions to depress force occurs at a step in activation beyond the disinhibition of the thin filament by Ca2+, probably involving reductions in the number of attached cross-bridges or in the force per attachment. PMID- 3233272 TI - Dynamic light scattering from polydisperse suspensions of large spheres. Characterization of isolated secretory granules. AB - Dynamic light scattering is useful in determining the diameter of submicrometer particles in suspension. When both static scattering intensity P(K) and apparent diffusion coefficient D can be measured in a wide range of the length of the scattering vector K, it is possible to determine the number-average diameter dn and sharpness in size distribution of spheres. We derived approximate, but very simple, expressions for mean value of P(K) and mean value of D/D(dn) applicable to very large spheres for which the so-called Rayleigh-Debye condition is perturbed, where mean value of ... stands for the size average. These approximate expressions were compared with the numerical results based on the Mie scattering theory. Experimental results for isolated secretory granules, zymogen (dn approximately 800 nm) and chromaffin (dn approximately 400 nm) granules, were analyzed by use of the present formulation, and the dispersion in size distribution, sigma/dn = [(the mean of d2)/d2n - 1]1/2, was found to be about 0.2 for both types of granules. PMID- 3233273 TI - Comparison of forces measured between phosphatidylcholine bilayers. PMID- 3233274 TI - Analytical theory for extracellular electrical stimulation of nerve with focal electrodes. I. Passive unmyelinated axon. AB - The cable model of a passive, unmyelinated fiber in an applied extracellular field is derived. The solution is valid for an arbitrary, time-varying, applied field, which may be determined analytically or numerically. Simple analytical computations are presented. They explain a variety of known phenomena and predict some previously undescribed properties of extracellular electrical stimulation. The polarization of a fiber in an applied field behaves like the output of a spatial high-pass and temporal low-pass filter of the stimulus. High-frequency stimulation results in a more spatially restricted region of fiber excitation, effectively reducing current spread relative to that produced by low-frequency stimulation. Chronaxie measured extracellularly is a function of electrode position relative to the stimulated fiber, and its value may differ substantially from that obtained intracellularly. Frequency dependence of psychophysical threshold obtained by electrical stimulation of the macaque cochlea closely follows the frequency dependence of single-fiber passive response. PMID- 3233275 TI - Particle counting by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Simultaneous measurement of aggregation and diffusion of molecules in solutions and in membranes. AB - A method for simultaneous determination of molar weights (M) and lateral diffusion constants (D) of particles in three- and two-dimensional systems is described. Spontaneous concentration fluctuations in space and time are analyzed, by monitoring fluctuations in the fluorescence from fluorescein-labeled molecules (1 dye/molecule is sufficient), excited by a rotating laser spot. For particles in solution, M values are determined over the range of 3 x 10(2) to 3 x 10(11) daltons, and D values can be determined from approximately 10(-7) to 10(-10) cm2/s. The time for a determination is approximately 1 min. Aggregation can be followed by changes of either M or D. This method is used to study the calcium dependence of vesicle aggregation or fusion, and the time course of aggregate formation of porin (an Escherichia Coli outer membrane protein) in lipid monolayers. Essential parameters for the development of the method are described. Equations to estimate the signal-to-noise ratios and to find the optimal free parameters for a specific application are derived. The theoretical predictions for the correlation function of the signal and for the signal-to-noise ratio are compared with observed values. PMID- 3233277 TI - Peptide conformation in solution. Satellite symposium, 9th International Biophysics Congress. Lasocin, Poland, August 31-September 5, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3233276 TI - Frequency domain studies of impedance characteristics of biological cells using micropipet technique. I. Erythrocyte. AB - This study aims at precise measurement of the membrane capacity and its frequency dependence of small biological cells using the micropipet technique. The use of AC fields as an input signal enables the magnitude and phase angle of membrane impedance to be measured at various frequencies. The micropipet technique was applied to human erythrocyte, and passive membrane capacity and conductivity were determined between 4 Hz and 10 KHz. Membrane capacity thus determined changed from 1.05 to 0.73 microF/cm2 between 4 Hz and 10 KHz. In addition to the micropipet technique, we used suspension method between 50 KHz and 10 MHz for the purpose of supplementing the new method with the one which has been in use for many years. We obtained a membrane capacity of 0.65-0.8 microF/cm2 using this technique. These values agree with the capacitance obtained with the micropipet method. Although this paper discusses only human erythrocytes, the study has been performed with lymphocytes and various forms of cancer cells. This paper is the first of the series of reports on frequency domain studies of the impedance characteristics of various biological cells. PMID- 3233278 TI - Combined use of spectroscopic and energy calculation methods for the determination of peptide conformation in solution. AB - This paper describes the combined use of energy calculations and spectroscopic data for the determination of peptide conformations in solution. The approach involves (i) experimental measurements of spectroscopic parameters for a molecule, (ii) calculation of these parameters for low-energy conformers previously determined with regard to local fluctuations in conformation and (iii) a random search for statistically weighted combinations of conformers which provide a good agreement between the calculated and experimental data. The above approach was used to study the conformation of a spin-labelled angiotensin molecule (SL-AT). It appears that the C-terminal hexapeptide of SL-AT possesses two geometrically different spatial forms of the backbone in aqueous solution, with mean values for the statistical weight of 0.78 and 0.22, respectively. In contrast, the N-terminal part of the molecule is conformationally labile. The data obtained can be used to describe the conformation of angiotensin in solution. PMID- 3233279 TI - Strategy for obtaining non-native protein structures using antibody cross reactions. AB - Antibodies made to short peptides or to unfolded forms of proteins are often found to cross-react with intact proteins. These cross-reactions can be used to populate non-native protein conformations, possibly including protein folding intermediates, and the structures of the non-native conformations can be characterized using amide proton exchange and two-dimensional NMR. PMID- 3233280 TI - Reversal in helix sense of copoly(beta-alkyl-L-aspartate-beta-benzyl-L aspartate). AB - The conformation of copoly(beta-alkyl-L-aspartate-beta-benzyl-L-aspartate), in which the alkyl group is ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, nonyl, dodecyl, or stearyl, was studied in solution and the solid state by optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism methods. The helix sense of the copolyaspartate studied here is transformed from a left-handed to right-handed alpha-helix as the degree of alkylation increases. Reversal in helix sense occurs, i.e., the left-handed alpha helix based on the handedness of poly(beta-benzyl-L-aspartate) is transformed into a right-handed alpha-helix with increase in alkyl groups with right-handed nature. Reversal in helix sense is also observed for copolyaspartates with an intermediate or high degree of alkylation as temperature rises. Copolyaspartates with hexyl, nonyl, or dodecyl groups exhibit an induced circular dichroism around 230-238 nm and can form an ordered side chain structure which is broken down at high temperature. One has to consider the conformation of the omega-helix and beta-form of the copolyaspartates in the solid state in addition to the reversal in helix sense. Copolyaspartates with a low degree of alkylation are in the alpha helical conformation over the low temperature range and adopt the omega-helical conformation in the high temperature range, indicative of a thermal alpha-omega transition. A small number of alkyl groups can be incorporated into the benzene ring stacking of the omega-helix, but not a large number. All the copolyaspartates can assume the beta-form at high temperatures. The helix conformation is not significantly affected by the formation of side chain crystals of the copolyaspartate with a large number of stearyl groups, in contrast to copolyglutamate. PMID- 3233281 TI - Structure of P401 (mast cell degranulating peptide) in solution. AB - P401 (also known as mast cell degranulating protein, MCD) is a minor component of honeybee venom. Its primary structure is related to that of apamin. We have studied the structure of P401 in solution by high-resolution two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. Almost all the backbone proton resonances have been assigned by sequential assignment strategy. Analysis of NOEs shows that P401 has a conformation very similar to that of apamin. N-terminal residues Ile-1-Cys-5 are in an extended conformation and residues His-13-Asn-22 on the C-terminus are in an alpha-helical structure. These two secondary structural elements are connected by two tight turns. PMID- 3233282 TI - Solution spatial structure of 'long' neurotoxin M9 from the scorpion Buthus eupeus by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. AB - 1H-NMR spectra of Buthus eupeus neurotoxin M9 (66 amino acid residues, four disulfide bonds) reveal two slowly exchangeable conformations at acidic pH. The spatial structure of the conformer prevailing under physiologically relevant conditions has been determined from two-dimensional 1H-NMR data treated by means of a distance geometry algorithm and refined by molecular modelling. Interrelation between the structure and function of mammalian neurotoxin M9 is discussed by comparing its conformation with those of the scorpion insectotoxins which exhibit different biological specificity (insectotoxins v-2, v-3 and I5A). PMID- 3233283 TI - Conformational properties of Ca2+-binding segments of proteins from the troponin C superfamily. AB - The troponin C superfamily consists of about 100 Ca2+-binding proteins. Sequence variations observed in these proteins have been analyzed and lead to the following conclusions. (1) There are some strict rules defining the set of calcium ligands necessary for effective Ca2+ binding. (2) If they are fulfilled, the Ca2+ binding constant depends on tertiary interactions within a protein, as well as the free energy of secondary structures of its polypeptide chain. The former provide a constant contribution to the free energy of protein folding and the Ca2+-binding process. (3) The observed variety in Ca2+-binding constants of these proteins results from the various abilities of segments of these proteins to assume the correct secondary structure. PMID- 3233284 TI - The formation of protein secondary structure. Its connection with amino acid sequence. AB - Statistical analysis of the occurrence of tetrapeptides in 35 globular proteins was performed. It was found that the amino acids along the polypeptide chain are close to being randomly distributed and that the same tetrapeptide segments exist in different types of secondary structure. Therefore, a new method was proposed for locating 'microdomains' in protein interiors. Amino acid replacements in the hydrophobic core of six proteins were analyzed. The results show that the locations of amino acids belonging to defined microdomains are extremely conserved. It is suggested that the structures found may play a role as nucleation centers in protein folding. PMID- 3233285 TI - Reassessment of the electronic circular dichroism criteria for random coil conformations of poly(L-lysine) and the implications for protein folding and denaturation studies. AB - The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of poly(L-lysine) in water and ethanediol/water (2:1) solutions in the temperature range -110 to 85 degrees C are presented. The results combined with vibrational CD data are interpreted in terms of a two-state conformational equilibrium with a left-handed trans polyproline II conformation being preferred at low temperatures. The relevance of these studies to the CD criteria for random-coil conformations, the study of helix-coil transitions and protein/peptide folding is pointed out. PMID- 3233286 TI - Two new fluorophore pairs, tyrosine-4'-aminophenylalanine and tyrosine-4' dimethylaminophenylalanine, in the determination of molecular dimensions in peptides. AB - Peptides and polypeptides containing tyrosine and 4'-aminophenylalanine or tyrosine and 4'-dimethylaminophenylalanine were studied by electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Positions of the band maxima, pKa values of the aromatic ammonium group and distances between the two fluorophores in seven different compounds are compared. PMID- 3233287 TI - Conformational role of His-12 in C-peptide of ribonuclease A. AB - Possible interactions of the His-12 ring with other side chain and backbone groups of C-peptide lactone (CPL) are discussed. The works published so far are critically reviewed and compared with the latest results obtained by the authors. The main new conclusion is that in the helical conformation of CPL, the Phe-8 and His-12 rings are clustered together. Studies of Phe-8----Ala analogs of CPL and calculations of ring current effects satisfactorily explain the observed environmental shifts of Phe-8 and His-12 protons in NMR spectra of CPL. Interaction between both rings is favorable for alpha-helix formation, but cannot explain an increase in helix stability related with protonation of His-12. This effect arises from favorable interactions of the charged His+-12 ring with the helix backbone. PMID- 3233288 TI - Thiol exchange catalysed refolding of small proteins utilizing solid-phase supports. AB - The study of isolated snake toxin refolding has been a valuable tool in the understanding of protein folding dynamics. We report here differences in the refolding characteristics of three toxin classes and introduce a novel method for overcoming disulphide mismatching and oligomer formation by utilizing solid-phase thiol exchange gels. PMID- 3233289 TI - On the interactions of charged side chains with the alpha-helix backbone. AB - The effects of the position of charged amino acid side chains on the stability of the alpha-helix are investigated. Calculations for the model polyAla 13 residue alpha-helix, with modifications based on experimental work, are performed at three levels of approximation. The observed stabilization of the alpha-helix could be explained by interactions between its macrodipole and charged amino acid side chains. Limitations of the model are discussed. PMID- 3233290 TI - A study of the conformational equilibrium of DL-oligophenylalanines in nonpolar solvents in the presence and absence of lipids by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The usefulness of high-performance size-exclusion liquid chromatography (HPSEC) for the separation of dimeric and monomeric species of DL-alternating oligophenylalanines is demonstrated for the first time. The experimental data obtained as a function of time fit a simple dimer-monomer equilibrium in a nonpolar solvent such as tetrahydrofuran. A higher extent of monomerization and a decrease in the time required for reaching equilibrium were detected in the presence of either water or phosphatidylcholine. The analysis of the relative proportions of the two separated species under equilibrium conditions has allowed the influence of the oligopeptide chain length on the stability of dimeric species to be determined. The advantages of this methodology, in combination with spectroscopic techniques, in studies on autoassociating peptides are considered. PMID- 3233291 TI - Conformational preferences of the sequential fragments of the hinge region of the human IgA1 immunoglobulin molecule. AB - The mean solution conformation of tetrapeptide fragments spanning the hinge region of human IgA1 was investigated by CD and 13C-NMR methods. Distinct conformational differences for the partial sequences of IgA1 were found. In a series of tetrapeptides having the Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr sequence, the Pro-Pro fragment was ordered to the structure of a type II polyproline helix, but with unordered forms prevailing in the equilibria. In the case of the Pro-Pro-Thr-Pro sequence, a distinct preference for the beta-turn conformation was found. Acetylation of this tetrapeptide shifts the equilibrium towards unordered forms containing some elements of the type II polyproline helix. The peptide Thr-Pro-Ser-Pro exists predominantly in the beta-turn conformation whereas Pro-Ser-Pro-Ser-NH2 has, for the most part an unordered conformation. PMID- 3233292 TI - Origin of the positive 225-230 nm circular dichroism band in proteins. Its application to conformational analysis. AB - The 225-230 nm circular dichroism band found in many disulfide-containing proteins and peptides is sensitive to environmental changes. This band is assigned to the disulfide bond, the conformation of which influences both the intensity and lambda max of the band. This property can be used to monitor subtle conformation changes observed in many polypeptides. Examples using the alpha neurotoxins of elapid venoms and neurohypophyseal hormones are discussed. PMID- 3233293 TI - Influence of side-chain-terminating moieties on the conformation of branched polypeptides and their conjugates with 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-5(4H) oxazolone. AB - Poly(Lys-(Xi-DL-Alam] polypeptides carrying hydrophilic (X = His, Glu, Lys) or hydrophobic (X = Nle, Ile, Phe) amino acid residues and their conjugates with 4 ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-5(4H)-oxazolone were synthesized. The conformational properties of carrier polypeptides and conjugates were studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in the wavelength regions 190-250 and 310-380 nm, with the emphasis on analysis under near physiological conditions. Based on CD studies, it could be demonstrated that the helix-forming capacity appears to be related to the hydrophobic nature of the branch-terminating amino acid of the branched polypeptides. With respect to carrier function, the presence of a coupled derivative of oxazolone at the side chain termini generally promotes the formation of helical secondary structure. The absolute configuration of the side chain-terminating amino acids was found to be important for the local orientation of the hapten molecule in the conjugates. PMID- 3233294 TI - Circular dichroism studies of distorted alpha-helices, twisted beta-sheets, and beta turns. AB - Theoretical models for calculating the circular dichroism (CD) of biopolymers have been constructed which allow the evaluation of the effects of geometric distortions within regular secondary structures. Outward tilting of the carbonyl group within alpha-helical structures yields calculated CD spectra with diminished intensity and a red-shifted maximum near 190 nm. The alpha II-helix provides an extreme example of this type of alpha-helix distortion. It is predicted that a mixture of alpha and alpha II structures in bacteriorhodopsin can account for its anomalous CD spectrum. The minimum length of alpha-helix required to produce an alpha-helix-like CD spectrum is calculated to be two to three turns (seven to eleven residues), while helices greater than 30 residues should provide adequate models of an infinite helix. Twisting of beta-sheets is predicted to lead to an increase in CD intensity and significant shifts in band position. Calculated CD spectra for beta-turn models are accurate for types II and II', but appear to be inadequate for type I turns. PMID- 3233295 TI - Circular dichroism studies of some arginine-vasopressin analogues. AB - CD spectra of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and of its analogues substituted in position 1 and/or 7 were measured in aqueous solution at different pH values. The shapes of the CD spectra of AVP analogues substituted in position 1 are strongly influenced by the type of group attached to the beta-carbon of residue 1. The substitution of the proline residues in position 7 by N-methylalanine also leads to a change in conformation of the peptide. The differences in the CD spectra are interpreted in terms of conformational changes, which are due to the interaction of the tyrosine side chain with neighbouring residues (for 1-substituted analogues of AVP), or to that between the hexapeptide ring and acyclic tripeptide chain (for 7-substituted analogues). PMID- 3233296 TI - Electrical excitability of artificial enzyme membranes. IV. Theoretical approach of the membrane potential of synthetic proteinic films. AB - This paper deals with the theoretical approach of the membrane potential of artificial proteinic film. Programming techniques using finite difference simulations for the steady state and transient solutions of the Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations were used and solved by the collocation and corrector methods. This approach allows one to calculate the membrane potential without any discontinuity between the Donnan and the diffusion potentials, the thickness of the boundary layers being automatically determined by the intrinsic properties of the solution and of the membrane. The theoretical results are compared with experimental potentials measured on proteinic artificial films. PMID- 3233297 TI - Membrane transport of electrolyte ions and time-dependent membrane potential. AB - Equations are derived for the transport of a symmetrical electrolyte, consisting of cations and anions of equal valency, through a neutral membrane that separates two solutions of finite volume under quasi-steady-state conditions. The time dependent membrane potential produced by the flow of ions is taken into account. Deviation of the time course of the solute concentrations from that of neutral solutes is found to be determined by the permeability ratio of cations and anions (when this ratio equals unity, the derived membrane transport equations reduce to those for neutral substances). Simple approximate expressions for the solute concentrations and of the membrane potential as functions of time are proposed, which are in excellent agreement with the exact numerical results. PMID- 3233298 TI - The interaction of delta-hemolysin with calmodulin. AB - Delta-Hemolysin forms a 1:1 complex with Ca2+ -liganded calmodulin. Probably because of the pronounced tendency of delta-hemolysin to self-associate, the apparent binding affinity is much less than that for melittin. Complex formation is reflected by an increase in quantum yield of Trp-15 of delta-hemolysin and by increased shielding from acrylamide quenching. There is, however, no indication of a change in peptide molecular ellipticity. The binding of 2-toluidinyl naphthalene-6-sulfonate is reduced by complex formation, suggesting the involvement of a hydrophobic region. Complex formation also blocks the proteolysis by trypsin of the bond between residues 77 and 78. The time decays of fluorescence intensity and anisotropy for tryptophan are multiexponential for both free and complexed delta-hemolysin; the average decay time for intensity is substantially increased for the complex. The localized mobility of tryptophan is greatly reduced in the complex. Complex formation appears to involve both the C terminal lobe and the connecting strand of calmodulin. PMID- 3233299 TI - The Fourier transforms of the laser-induced absorption decay from glycogen phosphorylase and DOPA decarboxylase. AB - Fourier analysis of the laser-induced absorption decay curves of 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) decarboxylase and glycogen phosphorylase demonstrates a powerful technique in the analysis of complicated decay behavior. Phosphorylase which uses the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate cofactor in an unknown manner exhibits over weak absorption an intense decay while decarboxylase demonstrates only weak absorption. Fourier analysis of the decay curves clearly shows that phosphorylase has an intense absorption decay in the midst of three weaker ones and that decarboxylase only has three weak decays. This conclusion justifies the isolation and use of the intense decay of phosphorylase as an observable in the study of protein dynamics at the active site about the cofactor. The decay has demonstrated a movement of positive charge to substrate in the mechanism of phosphorylation of glycogen units. PMID- 3233300 TI - Acrylamide quenching of Yt-base fluorescence in aqueous solution. AB - Acrylamide was found to be an effective quencher of Yt-base (Y-4,9-dihydro-4,6 dimethyl-9-oxo-1H-imidazo-1,2a-purine) in water. In the absence of collisional quenching the decay of Yt-base in water is predominantly a single exponential. The intensity decays become increasingly heterogeneous when quenched by acrylamide. The frequency-domain data were analyzed using the radiation model, which provides estimates of molecular parameters characteristic of the system. The mutual diffusion coefficient at 20 degrees C was found to be 0.5 x 10(5) cm2/s, the Yt-base acrylamide interaction radius was 8 A, and the rate constant for quenching was 100 cm/s. These values indicate that quenching is diffusion limited, i.e., the encounter complex is deactivated at least 2-fold faster than the rate of diffusive encounters. PMID- 3233301 TI - Conformational effects of histones H1 on DNA structure. Comparative study between H1-1, H1(0), H5 and sperm holothuria phi 0. AB - Interactions of mammalian histones, H1-1 and H1(0), phi 0 from holothuria sperm and H5 with poly(dA-dT), poly(dG-dC) and poly(dG-me5dC) were measured by a nitrocellulose filter binding assay and circular dichroism. All of the proteins bound to every one of the polymers, but differed in the extent of binding, which depended on the polynucleotide/protein ratios and ionic strength. The order of retention of all polymers was phi 0 greater than H1-1 greater than H1(0). The binding of H1(0) to poly(dG-me5dC) was remarkably sensitive to ionic strength. The proteins caused changes in the spectral features of the polynucleotides, but differed in the type and extent of the change. Complexes prepared with H1-1 and H1(0) with all polymers showed a strongly negative psi spectrum. Complexes of poly(dA-dT) and phi 0, at a protein/polynucleotide ratio of 0.4, displayed a distinctive spectrum, giving the appearance of a Z-like DNA spectrum, at low ionic strength. At higher ionic strength the complexes showed a psi spectrum. Complexes of poly(dG-me5dC) in the Z or B conformation with phi 0 showed spectral features characteristic of a mixture of a Z-like and a psi spectrum. In contrast, H5 reduced the Z-DNA spectral features in the presence of Mg, and produced an inversion of the B spectrum up to a polynucleotide/protein ratio of 0.24. These findings demonstrate the ability of different proteins to produce changes in the conformation of DNA. This may reflect the ability of chromatin to undergo differential condensation, depending on both the base composition of DNA and the type of H1 histone bound to it. PMID- 3233302 TI - Effect of sucrose on the dimerization of alpha-chymotrypsin. Allowance for thermodynamic nonideality arising from the presence of a small inert solute. AB - The space-filling effects of sucrose on the dimerization of alpha-chymotrypsin have been investigated by sedimentation equilibrium studies on the enzyme in acetate-chloride buffer, pH 3.9, I 0.2. From the extent of enhancement of the apparent dimerization constant in the presence of 0.05-0.16 M sucrose, it is concluded that this effect of thermodynamic nonideality finds quantitative explanation in terms of excluded volume. However, the suggested approximation that the radius of an inert small solute would be sufficiently small to be neglected in the calculation of covolumes (D.J. Winzor and P.R. Wills, Biophys. Chem. 25 (1986) 243) has not withstood the more stringent test afforded by the present study of alpha-chymotrypsin dimerization. A value of 0.34 nm for the effective thermodynamic radius of sucrose was inferred from the covolume for self interaction obtained by frontal gel chromatography on Sephadex G-10 under the conditions of the ultracentrifugal studies. Finally, results of sedimentation equilibrium experiments on alpha-chymotrypsin in the presence of 0.1 M glycerol were also shown to be consistent with interpretation in terms of the model of space-filling effects entailing complete exclusion of small solute from the hydrated protein domain. PMID- 3233303 TI - Quantitative similarity of zinc and calcium binding to heparin in excess salt solution. AB - Zn2+ binding to the anticoagulant heparin was examined using a dye spectrophotometric method, with added NaCl concentrations of 0.005, 0.0075, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 mol/l. The results are shown as Scatchard plots and demonstrate the entropy-driven anticooperativity of Zn2+ binding to heparin. From these Scatchard plots, intrinsic binding constants are determined and are compared to our earlier data for Mg2+ and Ca2+ binding to heparin at similar ionic strengths (J. Mattai and J.C.T. Kwak, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 677 (1981) 303), and to Manning's two variable theory (G.S. Manning, Q. Rev. Biophys. 2 (1978) 179) for a generalized system of polyelectrolyte + divalent cations + univalent cations. While Mg2+ binding to heparin is purely electrostatic (delocalized or territorial), Zn2+ and Ca2+ binding is much stronger and more specific. Binding constants for these two cations are identical, suggesting similar mechanisms for Zn2+ and Ca2+ binding to heparin. PMID- 3233304 TI - Circular dichroism of isolated ricin A- and B-chains. AB - An analysis of the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of isolated ricin A- and B chains revealed several bands not apparent in the spectrum of intact ricin. Arithmetic combination of the A- and B-chain spectra gave a composite spectrum resembling that of native ricin, indicating that the two chains did not undergo any major conformational change upon dissociation. The addition of lactose to the B-chain at pH 7.2 caused a slight perturbation of a tryptophan-derived negative CD band centred at 283 nm without change to the overall structure of the polypeptide. PMID- 3233305 TI - The thermodynamics of protein stability. Cold destabilization as a general phenomenon. AB - A theoretical analysis of the temperature/stability profiles of proteins shows that, where a two-state model represents the denaturation, and where the free energy of denaturation delta G(T) shows a strong temperature dependence, then the protein becomes subject to both high- and low-temperature destabilization. In the simplest case delta G(T) is parabolic, therefore the high temperature TH, where delta (G(TH) = 0, is complemented by a low temperature TL, where delta G(TL) = 0. It is generally stated that the partial molal heat capacity change delta C accompanying the heat denaturation is positive and independent of the temperature. This implies that heating the protein through TL results in a negative delta C which seems physically unsatisfactory. The constant delta C model is explored and a physically more realistic model is advanced which allows for a temperature-dependent delta C which changes sign at some temperature within the range of stability of the native protein; delta G(T) then has the form of a skewed parabola. Experimental heat capacity data for native lysozyme and for a flexible polymer lend support to this model. The molecular basis of cold inactivation of proteins is discussed in the light of the thermodynamic analysis. PMID- 3233306 TI - Time-dependent ligand current into a saturating cell performing chemoreception. AB - We determine the ligand current into a single spherical cell whose receptors become permanently blocked after binding ligands. Initially the cell is placed in a medium which contains ligands at uniform concentration. The analytical solution for the ligand distribution is obtained in terms of an integral over the solution at the cell surface. For the solution at the cell surface a nonlinear integral equation is derived which is solved numerically. We determine the time-dependent ligand current into the cell and the average number of free receptors in the cell surface as a function of time. PMID- 3233307 TI - Viscosity and transient solvent accessibility of Trp-63 in the native conformation of lysozyme. AB - We have measured the rates of isotope exchange at the nitrogen of the indole ring of Trp-63 of lysozyme and of L-tryptophan as a function of solution viscosity. We have used two cosolvents, glycerol and ethylene glycol, to modify the relative viscosity. We have derived the appropriate kinetic equations for the alternative possibilities that the exchange takes place either in solution or in the intact protein matrix. Because we chose to study the proton-catalyzed exchange reaction, the rate of it is not expected to be diffusion-limited. We confirmed this by measuring the exchange from tryptophan. These results and the known effects of glycerol and ethylene glycol on the solvation of indole allow us to predict that if the exchange reaction takes place in a protein matrix the effects of the two cosolvents when compared under isoviscous conditions should be identical. This is what we find for Trp-63 in lysozyme at 15, 20 and 26 degrees C. The slope of the linear plot of log k vs. log relative viscosity is 0.6. This strongly supports a model for conformational fluctuations where transient solvation takes place without major changes in protein folding. The most interesting feature of our findings is the fact that a slow reaction admittedly not diffusion-limited shows, when taking place in a protein matrix, a linear dependence on solution viscosity. We suggest that what we observe is the effect of damping of movement of the side chain expressed as a change in the friction along the reaction coordinate in the corresponding phase space. The presence of such effects stresses the validity and usefulness of Kramers model of rate processes for reactions taking place in a protein matrix. Such behavior is predicted by several of the recently proposed general mechanisms of enzyme catalysis. PMID- 3233308 TI - Pressure dependence of fluorescence quenching reactions in proteins. AB - The effect of hydrostatic pressure (0-2.6 kbar) on the acrylamide quenching of the fluorescence of indole derivatives and several single-tryptophan-containing proteins has been studied using phase fluorometry at 25 degrees C. For the model system, N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide in water, there is essentially no pressure dependence of the quenching rate constant, kappa q. For the internal Trp residue of ribonuclease T1 and cod parvalbumin, there also is essentially no pressure dependence of the apparent kappa q at low pressure. Thus, the activation volume, delta V not equal to, for these quenching processes is approximately zero. Such small delta V not equal to values are expected for diffusion-limited reactions in water at this temperature. The low, apparent delta V not equal to values for the globular proteins characterize these quenching processes as involving very small amplitude fluctuations in the protein structures. Only for the poised tetramer in equilibrium monomer equilibrium of melittin were we able to observe a significant effect of pressure on kappa q and this is due to the pressure-induced shift in the equilibrium position. PMID- 3233309 TI - The determination of equilibrium constants for heterogeneous macromolecular interactions. Systems forming 2:1 complexes. AB - In developing a method for analyzing the heterogeneous association nA + mB in equilibrium AnBm, we have specifically investigated the case of n = 2, m = 1 for both the specific case of no appreciable intermediates and the more general case allowing intermediates. Computer-simulated three-dimensional surfaces of the 2:1 model generated from total concentrations of species A and B and the resulting weight-average molecular weights were analyzed with a Gauss-Newton nonlinear least-squares minimization routine. The surfaces generated included normalized random error of varying standard deviations imposed upon both the concentrations and weight-average molecular weights. For comparison purposes, these surfaces were analyzed not only by using the correct 2:1 model, but also by an incorrect (1:1) model and by the other (incorrect) 2:1 model. Except for those situations where the 'experimental' noise was consistently higher than the concentration of one of the species, correct K values were obtained and the correct model was easily distinguished from the incorrect model. The computer routine similarly distinguished between data correctly described as 1:1 and the same data incorrectly analyzed as either 2:1 model. For those cases in which a microscopic Ki value predicts an association such that all species involved for that particular Ki are in appreciable amounts, the Ki value is returned correctly. Correct overall equilibrium constants are also converged upon as long as adequate amounts of A2B, B and A are present. PMID- 3233311 TI - The elementary catalytic system model as a building unit of large enzymatic systems. General model. AB - A model of an elementary catalytic system (ECS) is suggested, derived from the notions of the general theory of systems, which is capable of performing a single elementary catalytic act (ECA). For large chemical systems involving high numbers of ECAs occurring on various ECSs, the system's action becomes increasingly effective when component ECSs are coupled into complex structures. Models are suggested to describe these couples and several fundamental theorems are proved concerning the possible structures. Complex catalytic systems are shown to contain finite numbers of ECSs. PMID- 3233312 TI - Interaction of alpha-lactalbumin with Cu2+. AB - It has been shown by intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy that alpha-lactalbumin has several Cu2+ -binding sites per molecule. The Ca2+ -loaded protein binds two or more Cu2+ per molecule with an association constant of about 3 X 10(3) M-1. Apo-alpha-lactalbumin binds one Cu2+ per molecule with association constant 8 X 10(4) M-1 and from two to three Cu2+ with an association constant of about 4 X 10(3) M-1. The results obtained from spectrofluorometric pH titration of alpha lactalbumin in the acidic pH region show the possible involvement of histidine residues in the coordination of Cu2+. The binding of Cu2+ to alpha-lactalbumin lowers significantly its thermostability and stability towards urea denaturation. The stability of Cu2+, Ca2+-alpha-lactalbumin against thermal and urea denaturation is similar to that of the apo protein. The thermal transition in Cu2+, Ca2+-alpha-lactalbumin occurs within the region of physiological temperatures which may suggest the existence of some thermal regulation of its functioning in vivo. PMID- 3233310 TI - A comparative study of the permeation of dihexadecyl phosphate vesicles by various carboxylic acids and some of their tetrazole analogues. AB - The evaluation of the effect that perturbers may have on a membrane model is described. The model was made from dihexadecyl phosphate bilayers. The perturbers used were carboxylic acids and some of their tetrazole analogues. The results show a good correlation between the permeation properties of the carboxylic acids and tetrazole analogues. Moreover, this study reveals that membrane-perturbing effects are mainly under the control of conformational parameters and dependent on the carbon chain length of the permeants. PMID- 3233313 TI - Distribution of distances in thiopeptides by fluorescence energy transfer and frequency-domain fluorometry. AB - Frequency-domain fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to examine the decays of tryptophan in Boc-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 (donor) and (Formula: see text) (donor acceptor pair). The efficiency of energy transfer in the thiopeptide amounted to 60%. The measured dispersion of fluorescence decay times was used to recover the donor-acceptor distance distribution. The parameters of the Gaussian distance distribution obtained for this peptide (r, the mean distance (9 A); hw, the halfwidth (25 A)) indicate the lack of a distinct favorable conformation. PMID- 3233314 TI - Fluorescence properties of cholestatrienol in phosphatidylcholine bilayer vesicles. AB - The fluorescent sterol delta 5,7,9,(11)-cholestatrien-3 beta-ol (cholestatrienol) was incoporated into 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) with and without cholesterol in order to monitor sterol-sterol interactions in model membranes. Previously another fluorescent sterol, dehydroergosterol (F. Schroeder, Y. Barenholz, E. Gratton and T.E. Thompson. Biochemistry 26 (1987) 2441), was used for this purpose. However, there is some concern that dehydroergosterol may not be the best analogue for cholesterol. Fluorescence properties of cholestatrienol in POPC SUV were highly sensitive to cholestatrienol purity. The fluorescence decay of cholestatrienol in the POPC SUV was analyzed by assuming either that the decay is comprised of a discrete sum of exponential components or that the decay is made up of one or more component's distribution of lifetimes. The decay for cholestatrienol in POPC SUV analyzed using distributions had a lower chi 2 value and was described by a two-component Lorentzian function with centers near 0.86 and 3.24 ns, and fractional intensities of 0.96 and 0.04, respectively. Both distributions were quite narrow, i.e., 0.05 ns full-width at half-maximum peak height. It is proposed that the two lifetime distributions are generated by separate continua of environments for the cholestatrienol molecule described by different dielectric constants. In the range 0-6 mol% cholestatrienol, the cholestatrienol underwent a concentration-dependent relaxation. This process was characterized by red-shifted absorption and maxima and altered ratios of absorption and fluorescence excitation maxima. Fluorescence quantum yield, lifetime, steady state anisotropy, limiting anisotropy and rotational rate remained constant. In contrast, in POPC vesicles containing between 6 and 33 mol% cholestatrienol, the fluorescent cholestatrienol partially segregated, resulting in quenching. Thus, below 6 mol% cholestatrienol, the cholestatrienol appeared to behave in part as monomers exposed to some degree to the aqueous solvent in a sterol-poor domain within POPC bilayers. Since the lifetime did not decrease above 6 mol% cholestatrienol, the fluorescence at high mol% values of cholestatrienol was due to cholestatrienol in the sterol-poor domain. The fluorescence intensity, quantum yield, steady-state anisotropy, and limiting anisotropy of cholestatrienol in the sterol-poor domain decreased to limiting, nonzero values while the rotational rate increased to a limiting value. Thus, the sterol-poor domain became more disordered when it coexisted with the sterol-rich domain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3233315 TI - Changes of structure and intramolecular mobility in the course of actin denaturation. AB - Rabbit skeletal muscle G-actin on heating is transformed into the G1-state in which the intrinsic fluorescence spectrum is shifted to a longer wavelength compared with that of native actin, but of much shorter wavelength than that of actin in 8 M urea. A structure with fluorescence characteristics identical to those of the G1-form appears upon the removal of Ca2+, upon partial denaturation in 3-5 M urea and renaturation from the completely unfolded form in 8 M urea as well as spontaneously during storage of actin solutions. All this allows us to regard the G1-form of the actin macromolecule as an "intermediate" state. However, in contrast to other proteins in the intermediate state, a band of the CD spectrum has been observed for G1-actin, with an amplitude comparable to that of native proteins in the region where aromatic groups absorb. This points to a relatively low level of intramolecular mobility of the side chains in this structural state of actin. Moreover, according to polarized fluorescence measurements, the G-G1 transition is accompanied not by an increase - as would have been expected, but by a decrease in mobility of the tryptophan residues. The data obtained confirm the previously observed regularity of the intramolecular mobility of tryptophan residues in a hydrophobic environment being often greater than that of tryptophan residues whose microenvironment is formed by polar protein groups. PMID- 3233316 TI - Effect of a contaminating competitive ligand on ligand-binding curves. Inverse protein concentration dependence. AB - A theoretical binding model is considered which provides an explanation for the inverse protein concentration dependence observed for a variety of ligands. The model describes the inhibition of binding caused by a highly bound contaminant. The complete binding equation is derived and examined in terms of form, limits, and protein dependence. Furthermore, several approximate relations are derived which are useful for obtaining initial estimates of the model parameters and for a qualitative test of the applicability of the model. It is found that the binding curve may show a characteristic plateau at a saturation equal to the uncontaminated fraction of the protein and that the free ligand concentration at half saturation depends linearly on protein concentration. The practical implications of the present findings are discussed based on an analysis of simulated as well as experimental data. PMID- 3233317 TI - Mutarotase equilibrium exchange kinetics studied by 13C-NMR. AB - The rates of exchange between the alpha- and beta-anomers of D-[1-13C]glucose, at equilibrium catalyzed by porcine kidney mutarotase (EC 5.1.3.3), were measured using 13C-NMR spin-transfer procedures. This entailed inversion-transfer and saturation-transfer experiments, and two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy (2D EXSY). The concentration and temperature dependences of the fluxes were studied; equilibrium exchange Michaelis constants, and the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction were thereby measured. PMID- 3233318 TI - A laser-induced europium (III) ion luminescence study of the interaction of this ion with phospholipid bilayer vesicles above and below the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition temperature. AB - Laser-induced europium(III) luminescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the formation and integrity of phospholipid bilayer vesicles produced by ultrasonication and detergent dialysis. Eu(III) ion interactions with these model biological membrane systems were explored. 7F0----5D0 spectral and excited-state lifetime data reveal two distinct, temperature-dependent binding sites, one involving a weak, 'superficial' interaction with the phosphate moiety of the phosphatidylcholine head group, the other involving a more tightly bound ion in a relatively dehydrated region of the head group. This latter 'sequestered' species appeared only at temperatures equal to or below that of the gel----liquid crystalline phase transition. Systems containing various amounts of cholesterol showed a decrease in the formation of the sequestered species, indicative of a decrease in ion permeability. The results of this study demonstrate that the Eu(III) luminescence technique is useful for detecting major phase alterations in phospholipid bilayer vesicles. PMID- 3233319 TI - Three persistence lengths for a stiff polymer with an application to DNA B-Z junctions. PMID- 3233320 TI - The amplitude of local angular motions of intercalated dyes and bases in DNA. PMID- 3233321 TI - Models for the solution state structure of the (6-4) photoproduct of thymidylyl (3'----5')-thymidine derived via a distance- and angle-constrained conformation search procedure. PMID- 3233322 TI - High-resolution solid-state 13C-NMR of peptides: a study of chain-length dependence for 3(10)-helix formation. PMID- 3233323 TI - Dynamic coupling between DNA and its primary hydration shell studied by Brillouin scattering. PMID- 3233324 TI - Reversal of the Mg++-induced B-to-Z transition of poly[d(G-C)] with hydrostatic pressure. PMID- 3233325 TI - Images of DNA fragments in an aqueous environment by scanning tunneling microscopy. PMID- 3233326 TI - Ions around DNA: Monte Carlo estimates of distribution with improved electrostatic potentials. PMID- 3233327 TI - Chromatography and electron microscopy of cross-linked fibrin polymers--a new model describing the cross-linking at the DD-trans contact of the fibrin molecules. PMID- 3233328 TI - Fourier transform IR spectroscopy of collagen and gelatin solutions: deconvolution of the amide I band for conformational studies. PMID- 3233330 TI - Diffusion coefficients of segmentally flexible macromolecules with two subunits: a study of broken rods. PMID- 3233329 TI - Differential polarization microscopy (CD and linear dichroism) of polytene chromosomes and nucleoli from the dipteran Sarcophaga footpad. PMID- 3233331 TI - Dielectric relaxation studies on bovine ligamentum nuchae. PMID- 3233332 TI - Collective motion in DNA and its role in drug intercalation. PMID- 3233333 TI - Study of furanose ring flexibility in polynucleotide chains using Raman spectra analysis. PMID- 3233334 TI - Cluster analysis of protein fourier transform infrared spectra. PMID- 3233335 TI - On the interaction of daunomycin with synthetic alternating DNAs: sequence specificity and polyelectrolyte effects on the intercalation equilibrium. PMID- 3233336 TI - Specificities of low-temperature heat capacity of mechanical mixture of desoxynucleotides and DNA. PMID- 3233337 TI - Ethics, economy and credibility in oncology [. PMID- 3233338 TI - Model health care programmes--a possible means to increase the efficiency of health care. AB - This paper focuses on a specific microlevel mechanism - model health care programmes - to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of health care. To set the scene for such programmes, the paper opens by first making two important points at the macrolevel. First, health improvement competes with other worthy social goals for resources. As deployment of scarce resources is the key political issue, priority setting at the macrolevel is a political process. Second, the choice of specific service is only the last step in a long chain of choices between alternatives. Based on the conviction that a model for providing health services can improve the quality, effectiveness and cost-efficiency of care, the Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization has launched a programme entitled model health care programmes and quality assurance of health care. Model health care programmes, first developed on a large scale in Sweden and Finland, can be defined as documented sets of guidelines for the management of a patient with a given problem. The paper reviews the rationale, objectives and contents of such programmes paying special attention to the available evidence on their usefulness. Attention is also drawn to WHO's efforts to develop care programmes for cancer control. PMID- 3233339 TI - Improved survival among children with acute leukemia in the United States. AB - Statistically significant increases in 3- and 5-year survival rates were observed for white children under 15 years of age diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) from 1973-1976 to 1977-1980 in 9 geographic areas of the United States. Survival for the cohort diagnosed in 1977-1980 was 78% at 3 years, 68% at 5 years, and 42% at 10 years from diagnosis. For the cohort diagnosed in 1981 1984, however, slight but not significant decreases in survival rates were seen. Improvements in 3- and 5-year survival for children with acute granulocytic leukemia (AGL) were found between the cohort diagnosed in 1973-1976 as compared to 1977-1980, but these rates stabilized as well in the 1980s. While the age adjusted incidence rate for all childhood leukemias fluctuated slightly between 1973 and 1985, age-adjusted mortality continued to decline, dropping from 2.5 per 100,000 white population under 15 years of age in 1973 to 1.4 per 100,000 in 1985, an average annual decrease of approximately 4%. PMID- 3233340 TI - Electrical stability of erythrocytes in the presence of divalent cations. AB - Erythrocytes suspended in a medium of low ionic strength lyse under the effect of an exponential electrical pulse. The percentage of haemolysed cells decreases several-fold in the presence of divalent cations. The protective action of the ions studied increases in the following order: Ca++, Mg++, Zn++. It is assumed that divalent ions bind to the negative charges of the lipid and protein molecules and reduce their electrostatic repulsion, which results in stabilization of the membranes. PMID- 3233341 TI - A sensitive and rapid immunochemical method for quantitation of proteins. AB - A sensitive and rapid ELISA for quantitation of seed globulins is described. This method employs conjugation of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) globulin antibodies and the enzyme peroxidase together with dextran. Using this conjugate, proteins as low as 0.1 ng were detected. Dextran conjugate has a ten-fold greater efficiency of quantitating pigeon pea globulins than the commercial goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugate, and is three-fold more efficient than pigeon pea globulin IgG peroxidase conjugate. The method can be conveniently adapted for quantitation of other proteins also. PMID- 3233342 TI - Identification of a dispersed MboI repeat family in five higher plant genomes. AB - Digestion of nuclear DNAs of five plants, namely Cucurbita maxima (red gourd), Trichosanthes anguina (snake gourd), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) and Phaseolus vulgaris (french bean) with the restriction endonuclease MboI yielded discrete size classes with molecular weights in the range of 0.5 to 5 kbp. The MboI digestion pattern of Cot 0.1 DNA in french bean is comparable with that of total DNA, indicating that these bands represented highly repeated DNA sequences. Cleavage of the DNAs with varying amounts of MboI indicated the dispersed nature of the repeat families. Southern hybridization studies using french bean highly repetitive DNA as a probe indicated more homology with repeats of pigeon pea and less homology with red gourd, snake gourd and cucumber repeats. PMID- 3233343 TI - The reaction of bisulfite with liposomal membranes. AB - Bisulfite has been shown to induce leakage of encapsulated substances from liposomal vesicles. The bisulfite induced leakage of either DNP-tyrosine, potassium ferricyanide, or [3H]glycine was observed to be greater with lipsomes composed of phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids. The leakage of encapsulated substances from liposomes was found to be concentration dependent when incubated for a constant time interval and time dependent when incubated at a constant bisulfite concentration. In addition, bisulfite caused the leakage of approximately 5 times more [3H]glycine from unilamellar liposomes than from multilamellar liposomes. These findings are consistent with the interaction of bisulfite with liposomal membranes via reaction with sites of unsaturation. PMID- 3233344 TI - Transport of L-cystine in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. AB - The uptake of L-cystine into cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells has been shown to occur by a Na+-independent system which is inhibited by L-glutamate and L-homocysteine, but not by other amino acids. It is likely that the system transporting L-cystine is shared by L-glutamate. Thiol groups associated with membrane bound components appear to be essential for L-cystine uptake but it is not yet evident whether these constitute an integral part of the transporter per se. PMID- 3233345 TI - Effect of noradrenaline chronic administration on brown fat phospholipids. AB - Chronic cold exposure of rats (9 days at 5 degrees C) induces an alteration of the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in brown adipose tissue. The alteration is due to an increase of the unsaturation degree of these lipids. The phenomenon can be reproduced by 10(-7) mole. h-1 administration of noradrenaline for 9 days in rats kept at 25 degrees C. Thus, phospholipid alteration in brown fat of cold exposed rats is most probably a consequence of the increase of sympathetic tone which occurs in this tissue during exposure to cold. PMID- 3233346 TI - Release of neuropeptides does not only occur at nerve terminals. AB - Neurohypophysial hormones are packed in secretory granules which are stored in nerve endings and in dilatations called nerve swellings. Although it was originally believed that the nerve swellings were storage compartments and that release occurred solely from the nerve terminals, the present paper demonstrates that secretion can occur to the same extent from both nerve endings and nerve swellings. PMID- 3233347 TI - Treating those found incompetent for execution: ethical chaos with only one solution. AB - In early 1988 the population on America's death rows climbed above the 2,000 mark for the first time in history. In 1986 the United States Supreme Court firmly stated that the Constitution will have been violated if any of these prisoners is put to death while mentally incompetent for execution. In this article we discuss the case of Gary Alvord, the only inmate to be formally found incompetent for execution in modern times. Interviews with psychiatrists and mental health professionals at the Florida psychiatric hospital where Alvord was treated between 1984 and 1987 reveal much ambivalence and anger about the case. We conclude that, out of respect for the rights of these mental health professionals and the ethical codes of their professions, any prisoner found incompetent for execution should have his or her death sentence commuted to long-term imprisonment before treatment is requested or given. PMID- 3233348 TI - Emerging problems for staff associated with the release of potentially dangerous forensic patients. AB - Mental health professionals have been concerned recently about their liability for the actions of patients in their outpatient practices. The history of suits against clinicians for negligent release of inpatients extends back several decades since before the Tarasoff decision. The authors suggest that the same consumerism/victims' rights trends that resulted in Tarasoff and its progeny are likely to rebound again on forensic clinicians and that such pressures are likely to add to other political and social pressures that already complicate the treatment of forensic inpatients. They present three cases to illustrate the dilemmas involved in the release of forensic patients and argue that clinicians must bear significant responsibility for their current plight because of overstated claims of capacities to predict and treat aggressive behavior. PMID- 3233349 TI - Relationships between legal and clinical factors among forensic hospital patients. AB - Recognizing that established relationships enhance understanding and therefore improve clinical intuition and inference, the authors examined clinical and legal characteristics of a legally and clinically heterogeneous population of maximum security forensic hospital patients (n = 380). Several findings serve to substantiate outcomes of previous studies of subgroups of offenders. Some new relationships among legal and clinical variables are established. The relationship between admission legal status and Axis I diagnosis is dependent upon the Axis II diagnosis. Those admitted for competency evaluations have the lowest percentage of psychotic diagnoses and the highest IQ. Kidnapers have the highest percentage of psychotic diagnoses and there is a relationship between previous incarceration and drug treatment refusal. The authors discuss clinical implications, generalizability, and the needs for further investigation. PMID- 3233350 TI - [Comparative study of the medial longitudinal striae of the hippocampus (formerly called "nerves of Lancisi") in the fighting bull and domestic bull]. AB - In this paper a comparative study is made of stria longitudinalis medialis in the fighting bull and domestic bull. This nervous bundles are more developed in the former, and their connections with the Gyrus dentatus and Hippocampus are demonstrated. The structural differences observed between both animals could be related with the mechanisms that control the aggressive behaviour. PMID- 3233351 TI - [Anatomic and histologic study of the valves of the internal jugular veins]. AB - In 200 dissections of internal jugular veins, the valves were investigated with regard to their constitution, their macroscopic and their microscopic anatomy. In 88% of the cases, an ostial valve was found. The cusp of each consists of two parts in 77%, of only one part in 16%, and in 7% of three parts. In 12% these valves are not found. The structure, the configuration, the topography of these valves are explained. The stroma of the valve consists of collagen and elastic fibrils. The surface of the luminal and parietal part is covered by endothelial cells with elastic and muscular fibers close to the attachment of the cusp to the vein wall. PMID- 3233353 TI - [Variations in the calcaneo-fibular ligament (lig. calcaneofibulare). Application to the kinematics of the ankle]. AB - The authors observe variations in the calcaneo-fibular ligament because this ligament controls two articulations, the talo-crural and the subtalar. This study is based on the dissection of the ankle of 20 specimens. The calcaneo-fibular ligament is reinforced by the ventral and lateral talo-calcaneus ligaments with variations. 3 types of disposition have been described. Type A: A lateral talo calcaneal ligament reinforces the calcaneo-fibular ligament. These two ligaments are divergent on the proximal, medial, or distal part. Type B: There is an independent lateral talo-calcaneal ligament forward of the calcaneo-fibular ligament. Type C: A ventral talo-calcaneal ligament is observed, parallel to the interosseous ligament. The authors consider the consequences of variation in the lateral ligaments of the ankle for the functioning of the tibio-tarsal articulation, the subtalar articulation and the astragalo-scaphoid articulation in order to propose specific radiographic examination of the kinematics of the ankle. PMID- 3233352 TI - Mouse molar cell proliferation kinetics in vivo and in vitro. AB - Patterns of cell proliferation kinetics have been examined in mouse first mandibular molars growing in vivo and in vitro. In vitro teeth were cultured on semi-solid medium or on Millipore filters. These conditions led respectively to normal and abnormal cusp formation. Similar cell-compartment specific mitotic activities existed in vivo and in vitro. Intradental control mechanisms exist. In vitro however the duration of cell cycle was lengthened, leading to lower rate of decrease of mitotic indices. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of tooth morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation. PMID- 3233354 TI - [The arteries of the mesovarium in the ontogenic development of women]. AB - Arterial vessels were investigated in 200 ovaries including: ovaries from fetuses, women in reproductive period and ovaries from menopausal women. The conducted investigation shows that the arterial system of the mesovarium changes during the lifetime of women. Those changes could correspond to the ones observed in the ovary during human ontogenesis. PMID- 3233355 TI - Inhibition of pulmonary metastases and enhancement of natural killer cell activity by methionine-enkephalin. AB - Studies were performed to investigate the effects of the endogenous opioid peptide methionine enkephalin on experimental metastasis of the murine B-16 melanoma and on murine splenic natural killer cell activity. Methionine enkephalin was shown to significantly inhibit tumor metastasis and significantly enhance splenic natural killer cell activity. These results indicate that the endogenous opioids can modulate the immune response and tumor defense and that methionine-enkephalin may prove to be a beneficial adjunct to the therapy of neoplastic disease. PMID- 3233356 TI - Estrogen-induced suppression of collagen arthritis. III. Adult thymectomy does not affect the course of arthritis or the estrogen-mediated suppression of T-cell immunity. AB - Type II collagen-induced arthritis is dependent on the activation of T-helper cells and is modulated by female sex hormones. It is shown that treatment of castrated female DBA/1 mice with beta-estradiol decreases the incidence (32% vs 88%) as well as the severity of the disease. The estrogen-induced suppression of both the development of collagen arthritis and T-cell immunity were not dependent on the thymus. Thus, estrogen treatment of thymectomized and castrated female mice suppressed the incidence (21% versus 100% in controls) and severity of arthritis. Similarly, estrogen treatment of thymectomized and castrated female mice suppressed both antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity and T-cell proliferative responses. These data suggest that the estrogen-mediated suppression of arthritis and T-cell immunity is not dependent on the presence of an intact thymus. PMID- 3233357 TI - Maintenance of noradrenergic sympathetic innervation in the involuted thymus of the aged Fischer 344 rat. AB - Sympathetic postganglionic noradrenergic (NA) fibers innervate both primary and secondary lymphoid organs in the rat. In secondary lymphoid organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes, this innervation diminishes with age. This study was undertaken to determine whether a similar decline in NA innervation occurs in the thymus. Thymuses from Fischer 344 (F344) rats were examined at 3, 8, 12, 17, 21, and 27 months of age with fluorescence histochemistry for catecholamines, and with high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC) for quantitation of monoamines. In adult animals of all age groups, the compartmentation of NA innervation was maintained; NA fibers entered the thymus with the vasculature and arborized in the cortex, particularly in the subcapsular region and around the vasculature at the corticomedullary junction. NA nerve fibers were sparse in the thymuses from 3-month-old rats and increased in density at 8 and 12 months of age. The density of NA nerve fibers in the thymuses from 17, 21, and 27 months of age increased further, in parallel with thymic involution. Quantitation of monoamines revealed stable thymic norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content from 8 to 27 months of age. The lower levels of NE detected at 3 months of age may reflect a slow maturation and reorganization of this fiber system as a developmental phenomenon. Measurement of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyleneglycol (MHPG), a major metabolite of NE, showed a more than twofold rise from 3 to 12 months of age, and remained high through 27 months of age. The resultant MHPG/NE ratios, as an index of NE availability for interaction with target cells, showed a decline from 3 months of age through 17 21 months of age, followed by a marked rise at 27 months of age. These findings suggest that the thymus is able to maintain NA innervation in the face of involution, and that these fibers provide a NA-enriched microenvironment for interaction with adrenergic receptors on thymocytes. PMID- 3233358 TI - Prolonged effect of psychological disturbance on macrophage chemiluminescence in the squirrel monkey. AB - The following study assessed changes in macrophage responsiveness after a 24-h period of psychological disturbance in mother and infant squirrel monkeys. Utilizing a luminol-dependent assay, an 80-min chemiluminescent burst was measured in blood monocytes in response to zymosan stimulation. Cells obtained from stressed mothers and infants showed significant increases in chemiluminescence (CL) as compared to baseline levels. Moreover, the elevated pattern of response persisted for at least 2 weeks after the mothers and infants were reunited. The initial change in CL was associated with increased pituitary adrenal activity and leukocyte redistribution, but these measures returned to normal levels following reunion. Thus, this study has demonstrated a prolonged change in an immune parameter following a transient alteration in the psycho endocrine status of the host. PMID- 3233359 TI - Premature maternal separation and lymphocyte function. AB - Premature separation of rat pups from their mothers, on postnatal Day 15, produced a decreased response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at 40 days of age. A significant lymphopenia was also found in the early weaned animals at 40 days of age although this was accounted for statistically by their lower body weight. These consequences of early maternal separation may have been mediated through the effects of early separation on nutritional state, hypothalamic function, or maturation of the immune system. PMID- 3233360 TI - Inescapable shock, shock controllability, and mitogen stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 3233361 TI - Characteristics of the sorption of chlorothalonil and azinphos-methyl to a soil from a commercial cranberry bog. PMID- 3233362 TI - Residues of dacthal and metabolites in field-treated Chinese cabbage. PMID- 3233363 TI - Volatilization of mercury compounds by methylmercury-volatilizing bacteria in Minamata Bay sediment. PMID- 3233364 TI - Effect of cadmium on microorganisms and microbe-mediated mineralization process in the soil. PMID- 3233365 TI - DDT residues in sediments from the Bay of Bengal. PMID- 3233366 TI - Photodecomposition of chlorophenols in aqueous medium in presence of hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 3233367 TI - Fate and effects of xanthates in laboratory freshwater systems. PMID- 3233368 TI - Survey of trace elements in human nails: an international comparison. PMID- 3233369 TI - Vanadium-mediated lipid peroxidation in microsomes from human term placenta. PMID- 3233370 TI - Short-term toxicity of methyl benzimidazole carbamate in dogs. PMID- 3233371 TI - In vitro genotoxicity of chlorinated drinking water processed from humus-rich surface water. PMID- 3233373 TI - Visual scoring system for fluorescent tracer evaluation of dermal exposure to pesticides. PMID- 3233372 TI - Assessment of teratogenic potential of 1,2,3- 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzenes in rats. PMID- 3233374 TI - In vitro effect of monocrotophos on human lymphocytes. PMID- 3233375 TI - Effects of water soluble crude oil fractions on cirral beat frequency in Balanus balanoides. PMID- 3233376 TI - Cesium-137 levels detected in Georgia otters. PMID- 3233377 TI - Effect of temperature on the chronic toxicity of Hydrothol-191 to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). PMID- 3233378 TI - Soil lead-blood lead relationship among Boston children. PMID- 3233379 TI - Total DDT and dieldrin content of human adipose tissue. PMID- 3233380 TI - Effects of sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate on renal function in the rat. PMID- 3233381 TI - Klebsiella spp. in prairie aquifer. PMID- 3233382 TI - Contamination of alcoholic products by trace quantities of ethyl carbamate (urethane). PMID- 3233383 TI - Degradation of N-methylcarbamate and carbamoyl oxime pesticides in chlorinated water. PMID- 3233384 TI - Zinc treatment of the digestive gland of the slug Arion ater L. 1. Cellular distribution of zinc and calcium. PMID- 3233385 TI - Zinc treatment of the digestive gland of the slug Arion ater L. 2. Sublethal effects at the histological level. PMID- 3233386 TI - Bioaccumulation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by the clam, Rangia cuneata, in the vicinity of a creosote spill. PMID- 3233387 TI - Determination of tri-n-butyltin and di-n-butyltin compounds in yellowtails. PMID- 3233388 TI - Heavy metal pollution from a point source demonstrated by mussel (Unio pictorum L.) at Lake Balaton, Hungary. PMID- 3233389 TI - Reduction of cadmium toxicity to green microalga Stichococcus bacillaris by manganese. PMID- 3233390 TI - Bioavailability of zinc and cadmium and their effect on microbial growth and metal uptake. PMID- 3233391 TI - Toxic effects of chromium on Schistosoma haematobium miracidia. PMID- 3233392 TI - Study of doxorubicin photodegradation in plasma, urine and cell culture medium by HPLC. AB - An HPLC method was used to monitor the chemical stability of doxorubicin-HCl (DXR) to light in plasma, urine and cell culture medium at room temperature. The results indicated that DXR was very unstable in cell culture medium and urine when exposed to light. It was more stable in plasma under the same conditions. In all the cases, the decrease in the amount of DXR is greatly dependent on light intensity (no noticeable degradation was observed after 8 h in the dark). These observations may be important for the correct interpretation of the effects and the toxicity of doxorubicin on cells incubated in cell medium, and for determination of urinary or plasma pharmacokinetic parameters. PMID- 3233393 TI - Quantitative determination of propranolol in plasma and pharmaceutical preparations by agar-based cation-exchange chromatography utilizing the native anion groups in the agaropectin moiety. AB - A new cost-effective method for determining the amount of total propranolol (free and protein-bound) in plasma samples and the amount of the drug in tablets and injection solutions has been developed. The method is based on cation-exchange chromatography at pH 8.5 on an inexpensive column of agar, the native sulfate (and carboxylic) groups of which interact with the positively charged propranolol (this interaction is reinforced by the 'aromatic adsorption' characteristic of the agar matrix). The method can be used for quantitative analyses at both low (1 x 10(-2) mg/L) and high (5 x 10(3) mg/L) concentrations of the drug. For analyses of plasma and tablets--but not for injection solutions--extraction of the propranolol is required. The extraction time was 6 min. On a 6(ID) mm x 9 mm agar column the run time was less than 10 min. PMID- 3233394 TI - Selective purification of reduced oligosaccharides using a phenylboronic acid bond elut column: potential application in HPLC, mass spectrometry, reductive amination procedures and antigenic/serum analysis. AB - A phenylboronic acid (PBA) derivatized Bond Elut column has been investigated for the selective purification of oligosaccharide alditols and of oligosaccharide derivatives formed by reductive amination reactions. These compounds are specifically retained by the column via interaction of sterically unhindered vicinal hydroxyl groups, hence achieving their separation from glycopeptides, unreduced oligosaccharides and non-carbohydrate reactants. This purification procedure has widespread application for the clean-up of derivatives prior to HPLC, mass spectrometry and antigenic/serum analysis. PMID- 3233395 TI - HPLC analysis of polyamines and their acetylated derivatives in the picomole range using benzoyl chloride and 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride as derivatizing agent. AB - Analytical methods are described for the quantitative determination of putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine and the acetylated derivatives of spermidine and spermine in biological fluids using pre-column derivatization with either benzoyl chloride or 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride, which were added to each sample as solutions in diethyl ether. Putrescine, spermidine and spermine can be analysed in seminal plasma at nanogram levels when benzoyl chloride is used as derivatizing agent. In the analysis of putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and acetyl derivatives of spermidine and spermine, higher sensitivity is obtained with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-chloride. This method can readily be used in the determination of acetylated polyamines in urine samples. PMID- 3233396 TI - The determination of selenomethionine in selenium yeast by cyanogen bromide gas chromatography. AB - A new method for the determination of bonded selenomethionine in selenium yeast by gas chromatography is established. Bonded selenomethionine is rapidly and precisely determined by measuring CH3SeCN released during the reaction of selenoprotein with CNBr (CNBr-GC method). Conditions for the reaction and chromatography are described. The results of CNBr-GC are compared with those obtained by acid hydrolysis/ion exchange chromatography. This new method has the advantage of being accurate, sensitive and selective. PMID- 3233397 TI - MicroHLPC determination of amygdalin in Semen pruni armeniacae and Semen pruni persicae. AB - The application of micro HPLC to the determination of amygdalin in Semen pruni armeniacae and Semen pruni persicae is described. Amygdalin is separated at ambient temperature on a reversed phase column of U-Finepak SIL C18(150 x 0.5 mm) with methanol + water (25:75 v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 10 microL/min. The results are calculated by the internal standard method. The linear range is 1-7 micrograms. The CV and recovery of pure amygdalin are 1.47% (n = 10) and 98.13%, respectively. The results of analysis are lower than those obtained by TLC, but microHPLC is much simpler, faster, and more sensitive and reproducible than TLC. PMID- 3233398 TI - What determines susceptibility to chronic alcohol associated disease? PMID- 3233399 TI - Drug misuse and AIDS prevention: policy on the right track. PMID- 3233400 TI - A volatile time for British drug policies: commentary on the editorial by Alan Glanz. PMID- 3233401 TI - A fascinating area of research. Commenting on a previous editorial by Clive G. Harper. PMID- 3233402 TI - Consequences of increasing off-premise wine outlets in Iowa. PMID- 3233403 TI - The evaluation of a 'co-operative counselling' alcohol service which uses family and affected others to reach and influence problem drinkers. PMID- 3233404 TI - Perception of risk of HIV infection by injecting drug users and effects on medical clinic attendance. PMID- 3233405 TI - Distribution of risk behaviour for HIV infection amongst intravenous drug users. PMID- 3233406 TI - Data note--16. Employment and prevention policy. PMID- 3233407 TI - Alcoholism, anxiety and depression. PMID- 3233408 TI - Journal interview 23. Conversation with Genevieve Knupfer. PMID- 3233409 TI - Television advertisements for alcoholic drinks do reinforce under-age drinking. PMID- 3233410 TI - Do drinking experiments have a negative effect on alcoholics' recovery? PMID- 3233411 TI - HIV transmission risk behaviour of clients attending syringe-exchange schemes in England and Scotland. PMID- 3233412 TI - Association of transient ischaemic attack in alcohol withdrawal with changes in haemostasis. PMID- 3233413 TI - Apparent differences between Asian and Caucasians in alcohol-induced liver changes. PMID- 3233414 TI - Serendipity and the research interview. PMID- 3233415 TI - Abstracts of free communications. The Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs annual symposium. Primary health care and the addictions: practical and theoretical issues. 24 and 25th November 1988, London. PMID- 3233416 TI - Theoretical effects of radioligand diffusional gradients and microscopic neuroreceptor distribution in in vivo kinetic studies. PMID- 3233417 TI - A simple mathematical model of the thermal death of microorganisms. PMID- 3233418 TI - The unstirred layer during osmotic flow into a tubule. PMID- 3233419 TI - The osmotic permeability of a tubule wall. PMID- 3233420 TI - The fractal dimension of EEG as a physical measure of conscious human brain activities. PMID- 3233421 TI - The selfobject function of projective identification. Curative factors in psychotherapy. PMID- 3233422 TI - Walking on the razor's edge. The use of consultation in the treatment of a self mutilating patient. PMID- 3233423 TI - Masochism and its treatment. PMID- 3233424 TI - The subjective experience of a certain future. An extension of the concept of concretization. PMID- 3233425 TI - Psychoanalysis by telephone. PMID- 3233426 TI - Home care/hospital care/cooperative care, options for the practice of medicine. PMID- 3233427 TI - Management of acetabular fractures. PMID- 3233428 TI - Ambulatory care continuity experience for medical housestaff at a large municipal hospital. PMID- 3233429 TI - The life of an artificial device in contact with blood: initial events and their effect on its final state. PMID- 3233431 TI - The infectious disease physician--future tense? PMID- 3233430 TI - Symposium on Controversies in Infectious Disease. Laguna Niguel, California. November 14-16, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3233432 TI - Problems with old diseases related to social and pharmaceutical industry situations. PMID- 3233434 TI - AIDS and the duty to treat: risk, responsibility, and health care workers. PMID- 3233433 TI - Transmission of HIV to health care workers: risk and risk reduction. PMID- 3233435 TI - Political and social issues surrounding AIDS. PMID- 3233436 TI - Preventing and treating AIDS: the expertise of the behavioral sciences. PMID- 3233437 TI - The press and AIDS. PMID- 3233439 TI - Systemic symptoms from Candida in the gut: real or imaginary? PMID- 3233438 TI - Campylobacter pylori--a bacterial cause of peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 3233440 TI - Economic problems facing the infectious disease academic division--the perspective of a division chief. PMID- 3233442 TI - A perspective on the future of infectious disease reimbursement. PMID- 3233441 TI - Home management of osteomyelitis. PMID- 3233443 TI - Appropriate reimbursement of clinical services of infectious diseases practitioners. PMID- 3233444 TI - Statement on sources of blood for transfusion. Committee on Public Health. PMID- 3233445 TI - Future of the hospital autopsy. PMID- 3233446 TI - The Human Tissue Act. PMID- 3233447 TI - What's the use of hypnosis? PMID- 3233448 TI - Ethical aspects of clinical research in the elderly. AB - It is of major importance to acquire hard information on which to base more accurate diagnostic criteria and to decide which forms of treatment are of proven benefit to older patients. At the same time the ethical and practical difficulties entailed demand special care, sensitivity, expertise and patience. PMID- 3233449 TI - Introduction to statistics. III: Correlation, chi-square and the choice of statistical procedure. PMID- 3233450 TI - Pick safe investment advice. PMID- 3233451 TI - Risky ventures pay dividends. PMID- 3233452 TI - A question of race. PMID- 3233453 TI - Metronidazole and Campylobacter pylori infection. PMID- 3233454 TI - Explanations may avoid litigation. PMID- 3233455 TI - Indications for urgent laparotomy in a young child. PMID- 3233456 TI - Hazards of HBO therapy. PMID- 3233457 TI - Activity patterns of men attending for fitness assessment. AB - This paper describes some fitness and health characteristics of 499 British men in relation to their age and activity levels. The men attended a fitness assessment unit on a voluntary basis and their ages ranged from 20 to 69 years (43.8 +/- 9.1 yr, mean +/- SD). All subjects underwent a complete medical examination prior to carrying out a standardised graded walking or running test on a treadmill. During the test expired air collections were made and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was predicted from the oxygen uptake and heart rate measurements. All subjects were required to exercise up to 90-95% of their predicted maximum heart rate. Activity levels were assessed from a number of questions put to the patient by the doctor about the amount and type of exercise taken. Only 22% of the sample performed the minimum amount of exercise required to maintain a good functional capacity as recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine. Thirty-nine per cent were sedentary. The activity patterns of the older subjects differed from those of the younger subjects. The older age groups contained more sedentary individuals and fewer moderately active individuals (i.e. those taking exercise only once or twice a week). However the numbers taking regular exercise three or more times a week did not vary from one age group to the next. The mean VO2 max for the sample was 41.9 +/- 9.0 ml.kg 1min-1 and the mean body fat percentage 21.2 +/- 5.6%. The more active groups had higher VO2 max values and lower body fat, body weight and blood pressure values when compared with the less active groups. These differences were independent of age. These observations support the increasing evidence that exercise has a beneficial effect on health. PMID- 3233458 TI - Dietary regimen and performance of high intensity ergometer exercise. AB - The influence of preceding diet (mixed, MD; carbohydrate CD; protein PD) on performance during high intensity endurance cycling was examined in six middle distance runners. Subjects undertook cycle ergometer exercise at a workload equivalent to 80% VO2 max until exhaustion following each of the three dietary regimens. Dietary analyses were performed using a computerised evaluation technique and cardiorespiratory, blood glucose and lactate responses to exercise were measured along with exercise time to exhaustion. Significant differences in carbohydrate and protein intakes were noted between respective diets as well as significantly higher total energy intake in MD (P less than 0.05). A significant relationship was observed between carbohydrate intake and exercise time to exhaustion (r = 0.59, P less than 0.05). No significant differences were noted in cardiorespiratory measures or blood glucose response after exhaustive exercise between the three dietary regimens but peak blood lactate concentration was lower following PD (P less than 0.05). Total time to exhaustion was significantly higher on CD (1070.0 +/- 106.7 s) than on PD (642.5 +/- 84.3 s, P less than 0.01). Performance time on MD (895.7 +/- 84.3 s) did not differ significantly for performance time on either CD or PD. It was concluded that dietary manipulation significantly improves exercise time to exhaustion during short term, high intensity cycling. PMID- 3233459 TI - Prevention of injury in karate. AB - The purpose of the study was to analyse the effect of knuckle protection on the type and incidence of injuries in traditional karate contests. Knuckle protection was mandatory at the Danish karate championships 1983 and 1986 (290 matches, 0.26 injuries per match), and prohibited at the championships 1984 and 1985 (620 matches, 0.25 injuries per match). Head injuries were more common in the tournaments where fist pads were used. The incidences of transitory psychomotor disturbances following blows to the head were comparable. The severity of head injuries, however, decreased; minor head injuries dominated when fist pads were used (66%, compared with 44% without fist pads, p less than 0.01) and there were fewer lacerations and fractures. Injuries to the fingers or hands were also fewer -1.3% compared with 11% without protection (p less than 0.01). The use of fist pads reduced considerably the number of injuries requiring treatment (from 42% to 16%, p less than 0.01). In conclusion; fist pads offer some protection against injuries, especially to the hands, but additional measures are needed. PMID- 3233460 TI - Injuries in sailboard enthusiasts. AB - This study was carried out to determine the rate and types of injuries experienced by boardsailors. Results derive from: (a) a review of hospital medical records for water sports injuries, and (b) a questionnaire-interview of 73 athletes windsurfing on waters in the Galveston area during a hurricane and in moderate and light wind conditions. Windsurfers reported 0.22 injuries per 1,000 participant hours. Seventy-six per cent of athletes reported injuries while boardsailing, but only 15 per cent reported significant injuries. The most common reported injuries included lacerations, jellyfish stings, abrasions, muscle strain, sunburn, contusions, and blisters. A small number of athletes reported ligament sprain, ear infection, knee injury, eye injury, and splinters. The large majority of injuries reported are preventable by wearing protective gear, applying sunscreen, avoiding overpowering winds, and selecting safe sailing areas. Four per cent of water-sport injuries requiring hospitalisation resulted when epileptic water-sports participants had a seizure in or near the water. PMID- 3233461 TI - The pattern of use of mouthguards in rugby league (a study of the 1986 Australian Rugby League touring team). AB - Generally speaking, in contact sports the higher the grade of competition the greater the risk of a player sustaining any type of injury. Therefore it is important to conduct studies periodically of international sporting teams from different countries to detect any changes in regional injury patterns, besides assessing attitudes to the use of available protective equipment. A study of the prevalence of orofacial injuries and use of mouthguards by members of the 1984 Great Britain Rugby League Touring Team has previously been reported (Chapman, 1985a). In order to obtain a suitable basis for comparison of those results, a similar study of the members of the 1986 Australian Rugby League Touring Team to Great Britain was conducted. The most important finding was the much higher usage rate of mouthguards by the Australian footballers when compared with the British figure. Results of the study also support the function of mouthguards in reducing the incidence of orofacial injuries in contact sports. PMID- 3233462 TI - Postoperative abdominal sepsis. PMID- 3233463 TI - Relaparotomy for postoperative intra-abdominal sepsis in jaundiced patients. AB - During the period 1979-84, 30 abdominal re-explorations were performed for postoperative intra-abdominal sepsis and single or multiple organ failure in jaundiced patients. Postoperative sepsis was caused by intra-abdominal abscess in 16 cases (53 per cent), by suture line leakage in 9 cases (30 per cent) and by technical error in 5 cases (17 per cent). Abscesses occurred most commonly in the subphrenic space (6 cases), in the subhepatic space (6 cases) and in the lesser sac (5 cases). Sepsis was associated with single organ failure in 20 cases and with multiple organ failure in 10 cases. The overall mortality rate was 50 per cent (15/30). Factors that were statistically associated with fatal outcome were: serum bilirubin greater than 100 mumol/l (P less than 0.008), positive blood culture (P less than 0.013), malignant disease (P less than 0.02), multiple organ failure (P less than 0.02) and age greater than 60 years (P less than 0.031). Mortality rose with the number of failed organs. Autopsy revealed continuing sepsis in 12 of the 15 fatal cases. Because mortality was high in spite of adequate operative drainage at relaparotomy, it is concluded that earlier definitive diagnostics are needed to lower the mortality rate. PMID- 3233464 TI - Calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine inhibits polyamine biosynthesis and liver regeneration. AB - Polyamines are essential for cell growth and differentiation. Trifluoperazine (TFP) is a potent, competitive inhibitor of the calcium-calmodulin complex. TFP, when given to rats after partial hepatectomy, causes a significant decrease in DNA synthesis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of TFP on polyamine biosynthesis and on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. TFP (60 mg/kg, bodyweight) or saline control was administered to 80 male Sprague Dawley rats 2 h before, 2 h after, or at the time of hepatectomy. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) were measured at the time of hepatectomy, and at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after hepatectomy. TFP, when it was administered either 2 h before or at time of hepatectomy, blocked increases in putrescine that are seen normally at 6 h after hepatectomy. When TFP was given at the time of partial hepatectomy, putrescine was increased at 24 h, and then returned to normal levels at 72 h. Spermidine was inhibited at 24 h, but not at 48 and 72 h. Spermine was not significantly altered at any time. The administration of TFP 2 h after hepatectomy did not significantly alter concentrations of polyamines. The weight of regenerating liver was decreased by TFP at 48 h (23 per cent) and 72 h (22 per cent) after hepatectomy. These findings provide evidence that the calcium calmodulin complex is required for the synthesis of liver polyamines before liver regeneration can proceed. PMID- 3233465 TI - Management of symptomatic gallstones in the elderly. AB - In a study of 544 patients with symptomatic gallstones 158 subjects were aged greater than 70 years. Elderly patients had a significantly higher incidence of emergency presentation, jaundice, cholangitis, ductal stones, biliary drainage procedures, and acute complications requiring urgent or emergency surgery (P less than 0.001); they had more than twice the incidence of postoperative complications in comparison with patients aged less than 70 years. There was an increased perioperative mortality in the elderly (1.3 per cent after cholecystectomy and 2.9 per cent after bile duct exploration, P = 0.039). Conservative treatment in 11 per cent of elderly patients resulted in no mortality due to gallstones, but 3 of 17 patients had recurrent biliary symptoms. It was estimated that 38 per cent of the bile duct explorations in the elderly might have been avoided by referral for endoscopic sphincterotomy, but surgical treatment of gallstones in the district general hospital is relatively safe and specialist referral should be considered only in the relatively small number of 'high risk' cases. PMID- 3233466 TI - Use of advisers in the diagnosis and management of abdominal pain in accident and emergency departments. AB - The performance of senior house officers (SHOs) and their advisers in accident and emergency departments was compared in the diagnosis of abdominal pain in 711 patients. Accuracy of diagnosis was 63 per cent for advisers and 54 per cent for SHOs. Overall, the adviser improves the diagnosis of the SHO in only 6 per cent of cases. The SHOs refer accurately in 94 per cent of cases, and the advisers improve the SHO referrals in only 1 per cent of patients. It is argued that the time-consuming process of calling a surgeon away from a ward or theatre to advise in the receiving room is of little value, and avoidance of this step would enable patients to be admitted more rapidly. PMID- 3233467 TI - Effect of continuous postoperative epidural analgesia on intestinal motility. AB - The effect of postoperative epidural bupivacaine on intestinal motility was studied by measuring the transit time of barium contrast through the intestines in 16 patients after resection of the left colon and/or rectum. Fourteen patients served as controls and received postoperative injections of pentazocine. Mean transit time through the intestinal tract was 35 h in the epidural group and 150 h in the control group, a difference that is significant at the 0.1 per cent level. The average time before passage of flatus and faeces was different between the two groups at the 0.1 per cent level. We conclude that postoperative epidural bupivacaine constitutes an effective means of analgesia after colorectal surgery and is associated with a short duration of intestinal paralysis. PMID- 3233468 TI - Amputation for peripheral vascular disease: the case for level selection. AB - One hundred major lower limb amputations were performed for end stage peripheral vascular disease over a 15-month period. Selection of amputation level was made on the basis of laboratory criteria using skin blood flow and infrared thermography data. Eighty-one amputations were performed at the below-knee level with six failures. This resulted in a final below-knee: above-knee amputation ratio of 3:1. It is clear that there are still many centres in the UK where above knee amputation is the accepted operation, despite the inherent drawbacks to this procedure. We recommend that more attention is given to achieving higher below knee amputation rates to improve the chances of amputee mobility and therefore quality of life. PMID- 3233469 TI - Protection of the infected aortic stump: submucosal mesenteric pedicle grafts. PMID- 3233470 TI - Blood flow in diabetics with foot lesions due to 'small vessel disease'. AB - Blood flow was measured in the feet and toes of 23 diabetics, 7 controls and 6 non-diabetic neuropathic controls, using venous occlusion plethysmography. All of the diabetics showed a characteristic flow abnormality with mild hyperperfusion of the foot at rest but impaired peak flow following arterial occlusion. When the diabetics were subdivided into those with 'small vessel disease', those with neuropathic ulceration and those with neuropathy but no ulceration, the groups had remarkably comparable blood flows, except that peak great toe blood flow was rather lower in small vessel disease. In small vessel disease, the combination of high resting blood flow and elevated foot venous oxygen saturation suggests that the hyperperfusion is due to arteriovenous shunting. It seems likely that the toe lesions ascribed to small vessel disease were in fact manifestations of severe diabetic neuropathy. The term small vessel disease should be avoided in the context of diabetic foot lesions. PMID- 3233471 TI - Kikuchi's disease simulating acute appendicitis. PMID- 3233472 TI - Pulmonary microembolization in experimental aortic surgery. AB - Pulmonary dysfunction frequently follows major surgery and has many features identical to "shock lung'. A porcine model of aortic surgery is described in which 111In-labelled platelet kinetics were related to subsequent pulmonary function. In 14 pigs, standardized aortic surgery resulted in reproducible shock and a 50 per cent mortality at 3 days. Cardiac output fell from 2.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.0 +/- 0.1 litres min-1 following removal of the aortic clamp and mean platelet and leucocyte counts fell from 437 +/- 48 to 252 +/- 39 x 10(9) litres-1 and 21.7 +/- 1.5 to 12.9 +/- 1.2 x 10(9) litres-1 respectively (P less than 0.01). Aggregate levels in inferior vena caval blood were maximal at this time and radiolabelled platelets accumulated in the lung with a rise in pulmonary vascular resistance. Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference subsequently increased from initial values of 13.7 +/- 2.0 to 23.4 +/- 3.5 mmHg (P less than 0.01) following resuscitation and to 32.5 +/- 3.4 mmHg at 3 days following surgery (P less than 0.01). This clear sequence suggests that pulmonary platelet microembolization occurs during surgical shock and may be responsible for subsequent pulmonary dysfunction. PMID- 3233473 TI - Definitive one-stage emergency large bowel surgery. AB - During a 30-month period, 126 operations for emergency large bowel conditions were performed: 57 were for colonic carcinoma, 26 for acute diverticulitis, 14 for colonic ischaemia, 13 for complications of inflammatory bowel disease, and 16 for other conditions. Sixty-eight patients had peritonitis. One hundred and ten patients (87.3 per cent) underwent immediate resection. Of these, 83 (65.9 per cent of the overall group) had colonic resection with primary anastomosis but without a colostomy, 56 of which were left-sided colonic resections. Excluding 9 of the 68 patients with peritonitis, who had a total colectomy, 66 per cent also underwent resection, anastomosis and no colostomy. Total group mortality was 14.3 per cent: 12.7 per cent in the immediate resection group, 9.6 per cent in those with primary anastomosis and no colostomy, 5.2 per cent in the group with peritonitis undergoing resection and anastomosis, and 25 per cent in those having non-resectional surgery. Complications included an overall wound infection rate of 10.3 per cent and a clinical anastomotic leak rate of 7.2 per cent in those who had anastomosis without colostomy. Our results suggest that resection and primary anastomosis can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality in a high proportion of cases of emergency large bowel conditions, irrespective of underlying pathology, site of disease or the presence of peritonitis. PMID- 3233474 TI - Physiological changes after postanal repair and parameters predicting outcome. AB - Nineteen patients have been studied before and 3 months after postanal repair. Physiological parameters have been compared with 16 age- and sex-matched controls. Twelve patients were substantially improved whereas seven obtained no clinical benefit. Pre-operative resting (P less than 0.005), squeeze (P less than 0.005) and strain (P less than 0.005) anal pressures at 2 cm were significantly less than controls. Similarly, pressures during all three events at 4 cm were significantly less than controls (resting P less than 0.05, squeeze P less than 0.005, strain P less than 0.025). Median volume of first leak during saline infusion was significantly less than controls (P less than 0.005) as was the total tolerable volume (P less than 0.005). Videoproctographic parameters which differed significantly from controls included pelvic floor descent at rest (P less than 0.005), during contraction (P less than 0.005) and straining (P less than 0.05); resting and squeeze perineal descent (P less than 0.005); and anal canal length at rest and straining (P less than 0.005). Anorectal angles, rectal compliance, rectal sensation and emptying did not differ from controls. None of these parameters was improved by postanal repair. Patients not improved by operation could be detected pre-operatively by low resting (P less than 0.05), squeeze (P less than 0.025) and strain (P less than 0.05) anal pressure at 2 cm as well as by videoproctographic evidence of increased pelvic floor descent at rest (P less than 0.01), during contraction (P less than 0.005) and straining (P less than 0.005), excessive perineal descent at rest (P less than 0.05), during contraction (P less than 0.05) and during attempted defaecation (P less than 0.05) and a short anal canal at rest (P less than 0.05) and during straining (P less than 0.025). PMID- 3233475 TI - Sex, Enterobius vermicularis and the appendix. AB - Examination of 182 appendices containing Enterobius vermicularis demonstrated that male pinworms are seen more commonly than female. There was no association between the sex of pinworms and inflammation in the appendix but inflammation was frequently seen in association with luminal ova. Ova release from female pinworms may be a feature of appendiceal obstruction. PMID- 3233476 TI - The seventh tripartite meeting of the Surgical Research Society held in conjunction with the Society of University Surgeons and the European Surgical Research Society. 6, 7 and 8 July 1988, Bristol. Abstracts. PMID- 3233477 TI - Does breast cyst type predict for breast cancer risk? A question still to answer. PMID- 3233478 TI - Use of drains after cholecystectomy. PMID- 3233479 TI - Operative treatment of median cervical cysts. PMID- 3233480 TI - Sigmoidoscopy in the Indian bowel. PMID- 3233481 TI - Auditory pathways in the budgerigar. II. Intratelencephalic pathways. AB - The projections of two telencephalic areas in receipt of projections from the auditory relay nucleus of the thalamus (nucleus ovoidalis) were studied in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) with autoradiographic methods. These nuclei are called field 'L' and neostriatum intermedium pars dorsolateralis (NIDL). The results show that neurons in both fields project laterally to a portion of the neostriatum intermedium pars ventrolateralis (NIVL) and rostrally to the rostromedial archistriatum. Horseradish peroxidase experiments confirm these projections and indicate that field 'L', NIDL and NIVL also receive projections from neurons in the hyperstriatum ventrale (HV). The projections of field 'L' and NIDL neurons to the rostromedial archistriatum may act as pathways subserving auditory feedback. Neurons in this portion of the archistriatum project to the contralateral field 'L', NIDL and NIVL. Furthermore, the medial archistriatal projection field of neurons within field 'L', NIDL and NIVL (i.e. rostromedial archistriatum) is located adjacent to a large archistriatal neuronal field projecting to the medulla, including the lateral reticular formation of the medulla. This large archistriatal field includes the nucleus archistriatalis robustus, the telencephalic nucleus identified as the source of projections to the lower motoneurons of the syrinx. Thus, projections from auditory telencephalic areas to the rostromedial archistriatum may serve functions related to processes associated with learning and vocal motor control. PMID- 3233482 TI - Horseradish peroxidase study of tectal afferents in Xenopus laevis with special emphasis on their relationship to the lateral-line system. AB - Afferent projections to the tectum opticum of the clawed toad Xenopus laevis were studied by injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the tectum. Cells were labelled in the following nuclei, listed from rostral to caudal: nucleus entopeduncularis anterior, nucleus anterior thalami, nucleus posterior thalami, nucleus ventromedialis thalami, nucleus ventrolateralis thalami pars dorsalis, nucleus lateralis thalami pars posterodorsalis, nucleus neuropilis postthalamici, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, nucleus praetectalis, nucleus laminaris tori semicircularis, nucleus principalis tori semicircularis, nucleus magnocellularis tori semicircularis, nucleus profundus mesencephali, nucleus anterodorsalis tegmenti, nucleus posterodorsalis tegmenti, nucleus posteroventralis tegmenti, nucleus isthmi, nucleus lineae lateralis pars rostralis, nucleus lineae lateralis pars caudalis, nucleus intermedius, nucleus lateralis nervi octavi, nucleus descendens nervi trigemini, nucleus reticularis superior, nucleus reticularis medius, nucleus reticularis inferior, nucleus reticularis lateralis, nucleus cuneatus and area dorsalis medullae spinalis. Four of these nuclei can be associated with lateral-line processing: the nuclei lineae lateralis rostralis and caudalis of the medulla and the centrolateral nuclei magnocellularis and principalis of the torus semicircularis. The toric input is particularly prominent; it is topologically organized in that central parts of the torus project to the medial tectum, and lateral parts of the torus project to the rostrolateral tectum. For comparison, the torotectal connection was also examined in several anuran species that lose their lateral line at metamorphosis. In these animals, this projection is less well developed than in Xenopus. Therefore, it is argued that the torotectal connection primarily conveys lateral-line information. PMID- 3233483 TI - Location of motoneurons supplying the intrinsic laryngeal muscles of rats. Horseradish peroxidase and fluorescence double-labeling study. AB - This paper describes a qualitative and quantitative investigation of the location of the motoneurons innervating the intrinsic laryngeal muscles of rats. Injections of horseradish peroxidase, Diamidino Yellow and True Blue were made either in one or, simultaneously, in three laryngeal muscles. Unlike those in cats and rabbits, the motoneurons that make up the nucleus ambiguus (NA) in rats are not arranged in two separate subgroups, that is one belonging to the cricothyroid (CT) motoneurons and the other to the rest of the intrinsic laryngeal motoneurons. Instead, a superimposition of CT and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) motoneurons was observed in the rostral third of the NA. Motoneurons innervating the PCA, thyroarytenoid (TA) and lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) muscle overlap in the medial third of the NA. Finally, in the region of the NA caudal to the obex, the TA and LCA motoneurons also overlap. Labeled motoneurons were located in the ipsilateral side to the injected muscle in all cases. PMID- 3233484 TI - Reciprocal connections between medial prefrontal cortex and lateral posterior nucleus in rats. AB - The connections of the posterior part of the medial prefrontal cortex with the thalamic lateral posterior nucleus in rats were studied using anterograde and retrograde axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA HRP) and tritiated leucine. After injections of WGA-HRP into the medial prefrontal cortex, an area confirmed to receive direct projections from the visual cortex, retrogradely labeled neurons were observed ipsilaterally in the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, as well as in the mediodorsal, anteromedial, ventromedial, ventrolateral, laterodorsal, centrolateral, paracentral, rhomboid, parafascicular and posterior nuclei. In the lateral posterior nucleus, the labeled cells were located mainly in the lateroventral portion of its anterior half. In contrast, the posterior half of this nucleus was free of label. Axons labeled by the anterograde transport of tritiated leucine were dispersed over the same region which contained retrogradely labeled cells. The functional significance of these connections is discussed with special reference to their possible role in visuomotor integration in rats. PMID- 3233485 TI - Variation in neuromuscular activity during prey capture by trophic specialists and generalists (Pisces: Labridae). AB - Members of the marine teleost family Labridae are among the most abundant and morphologically diverse fish on coral reefs. A quantitative analysis was conducted of the neuromuscular activity patterns controlling movement of the jaws during prey capture by 4 labrid species ranging from trophic specialists to trophic generalists. A total of more than 800 captures of 3 prey types was analyzed. All 4 species showed significant modulation of electromyographic parameters in response to different prey types. Significant variation was also found between replicate experiments on the same individuals. To obtain valid assessments of interspecific variability, statistical analyses must take into account this potentially high degree of intraspecific variability. By partitioning the variance in a nested analysis of variance, a lack of significant differences in electromyographic parameters between species became apparent. In contrast to the closely related Cichlidae, trophic diversification in the Labridae has not been accompanied by the acquisition of unique neuromuscular activity patterns for prey capture. The dramatic adaptive radiation that has occurred in these 2 families has involved different processes of evolutionary diversification. Neuromuscular stereotypy of labrids may be associated with the lack of structural flexibility in their 'coupled jaw'. Additional study is needed to establish the extent to which labrid radiation into various trophic niches is related to the evolution of specialized morphologies and foraging behaviors. PMID- 3233486 TI - Hippocampus and dentate area of the European hedgehog. Comparative histochemical study. AB - The hippocampal formation in the European hedgehog was examined with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry and catecholamine histofluorescence in order to define the normal distribution of septohippocampal fibers and noradrenergic fibers, respectively, as well as to compare these inputs with the hippocampal cytoarchitecture as revealed with Nissl stain. In addition, alterations in the histochemical appearance following septohippocampal denervation were examined. Although the overall pattern of AChE-positive and noradrenergic fibers is similar to that observed in other mammals, some striking variations were observed, particularly within the dentate area. Thus, except for a heavily stained supragranular band, the AChE activity of the molecular layer is uniformly low without any obvious lamination, contrasting with the situation in most other mammalian species. The noradrenergic innervation of the dentate area showed the same density of fibers in the molecular layer and hilus, a pattern differing strikingly from the predominance of noradrenergic fibers in the hilus of other mammalian species. Such variations may reflect greater phylogenetic diversity in diffuse modulatory connections as compared with more precise topographical pathways. PMID- 3233487 TI - Behavioral evidence and supporting electrophysiological observations for electroreception in the blind cave salamander, Proteus anguinus (Urodela). AB - Conditioning experiments revealed that Proteus perceives a back-and-forth moving (approximately 1 Hz) direct-current field and its polarity. Minimum behavioral thresholds occurred at a current density of 0.15 microA/cm2, corresponding to a voltage gradient of 0.5 mV/cm. Recordings from afferent nerve fibers showed that ampullary electroreceptors in Proteus respond as do other nonteleost receptors, i.e. with an increase in discharge rate to cathodal current and a decrease to anodal current (threshold: approximately 1 mV/cm). PMID- 3233488 TI - Connections of the corpus cerebelli in the green sunfish and the common goldfish: a comparison of perciform and cypriniform teleosts. AB - Examination of the connections of the corpus cerebelli in one perciform (Lepomis cyanellus) and one cypriniform teleost (Carassius auratus) reveal that ipsilateral afferent connections in both species arise from an anterior group of nuclei in the diencephalon and mesencephalon, and a posterior group of nuclei in the rhombencephalon. Some nuclei of the anterior group and all those of the posterior group have in addition a weaker, and the medial octavolateralis nucleus a stronger, contralateral component. The inferior olivary nucleus in both species projects solely contralaterally. Nucleus paracommissuralis, the ventral accessory optic nucleus and nucleus isthmi are minute in Carassius compared to Lepomis. The latter species has in addition a bilateral corpopetal projection (ipsilaterally stronger) from the lateral cuneate nucleus. Efferent fibers in both species reach the contralateral nucleus ruber, oculomotor nucleus, nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, torus semicircularis, ventromedial and ventrolateral thalamic nuclei, optic tectum and superior and inferior reticular formation. An additional weaker ipsilateral terminal field could be observed in all nuclei except in the ventrolateral and ventromedial thalamic nuclei, the dorsal periventricular pretectal nucleus and the optic tectum. Lepomis in addition has a bilateral terminal field in the ventral accessory optic nucleus (contralaterally stronger). In both species, stronger ipsilateral and weaker contralateral terminal fields were present in the torus longitudinalis and the valvula cerebelli. The two patterns of corpopetal connections in Lepomis and Carassius were used as models for perciforms and cypriniforms in the analysis of the existing information in the literature on teleosts. While most discrepancies in the literature on percomorphs and ostariophysines could be interpreted consistently, the available information on mormyrids revealed a very different pattern of corpopetal organization: presence of additional connections (from a division of the nucleus preglomerulosus) and absence of otherwise well established corpopetal connections in teleosts. In a second step, a phyletic analysis of teleostean corpopetal organization revealed that while teleosts share with all other vertebrates a group of corpopetal connections from the rhombencephalon, they evolved many new, more anteriorly located afferent inputs to the corpus cerebelli. Furthermore, electroreceptive mormyrids in addition evolved newly at least one corpopetal connection and lost many others. PMID- 3233489 TI - ID sequence-binding protein factors during development of mice. AB - The ID repetitive sequence has been reported to be transcribed as small RNA in both a brain-specific and a developmental stage-specific manner. Several brain specific proteins required for transcription, along with RNA polymerase III, may be involved in controlling the gene activity throughout development. We analyzed extracts from the brains and livers of mice in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Of ID sequence-binding proteins, we detected a protein factor(s) that interacts specifically with the region between two promoter sequences for RNA polymerase III. This protein factor seems to be relevant to postnatal accumulation of the small RNA transcripts of ID sequences, since its time course of expression is consistent with that of the synthesis of the small RNA during development. A penta-nucleotide direct repeat (GCAAG) and its inverted complement (CTTGC) are both present in that region and may be involved in the binding site for the protein factor. The biological significance of the binding site and interacting protein factor(s) is discussed. PMID- 3233490 TI - Vasopressin and oxytocin gene expression in the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) during development of hypertension. AB - To study the regulation of hypothalamic vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) gene expression in relation to the development of hypertension, levels of VP mRNA and OT mRNA were determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Differences in VP and OT mRNA content of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of 4- and 10-week-old SHR and Wistar-Kyoto controls (WKY) were quantitated by dot-blot and Northern blot analysis. VP and OT pituitary content and VP plasma levels were measured by radioimmunoassays. VP mRNA levels were approximately 2-fold and 3-fold higher in the SON and PVN of 4-week-old SHR, respectively, as compared to controls. The OT mRNA levels were approximately 35% lower in both nuclei of the SHR. There was no difference in VP and OT pituitary content between 4-week-old SHR and WKY, but VP plasma levels were higher in SHR. In the 10-week-old SHR VP mRNA levels were still approximately 30-40% higher and the OT mRNA levels were approximately 40% lower in both nuclei when compared to age-matched WKY. Pituitary VP and OT contents were respectively 1.5-fold higher and 20% lower in the 10-week-old SHR than in 10-week-old WKY. VP plasma levels were still elevated in the SHR. The data indicate that in the hypothalamo neurohypophyseal system of the SHR the VP system is in a higher state of activity, while the OT system is lower in activity. PMID- 3233491 TI - Localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide histidine isoleucine immunoreactivity and mRNA within the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. AB - The distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) mRNA within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of rats was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. The pattern of VIP and PHI immunoreactivity corresponded closely to the distribution of VIP/PHI mRNA within the ventrolateral SCN. Clear hybridization signal was observed within the SCN of rats killed 5 h after light onset and in rats killed 2 h after the onset of the dark phase of the light-dark cycle. Visual examination of the grain density within the autoradiographs suggested that VIP/PHI mRNA may occur in higher concentrations shortly after the onset of darkness than 5 h after the onset of the light phase. PMID- 3233492 TI - Structure-activity studies on inhibition of choline uptake by a mouse brain synaptosomal preparation: basic data. AB - Over 80 substances were studied for their inhibition of high-affinity uptake of [3H]choline into a mouse brain synaptosomal fraction. Kinetic experiments tested a number of them for competitive behavior. A minimal provisional model for the choline uptake process is envisioned that is consistent with current data and with relevant observations in the literature. There are two hydrophilic anionic sites on the choline transporter that are separated from each other by a cationic hydrophobic domain. Association of choline in a Na+-dependent manner with one or both of the sites is necessary for the transport of choline to take place. The choline binding anionic sites are sufficiently large and/or flexible to allow attachment of cationic moieties larger than choline. The cationic hydrophobic domain of the transporter is flexible, probably tending to planarity. The length of the hydrophobic region between the anionic sites is approximately that of 10 extended methylene groups, and the minimal width is approximated by the distance across the condensed ring system of chlorpromazine. The probability of attachment of the highly hydrophilic choline to its binding sites is increased both by hydrogen-bonding to a proton-acceptor within the anionic sites and by repulsion from the cationic hydrophobic region. A number of substances that potently and competitively inhibit high affinity choline uptake possess quaternary ammonium groups and neutral or negatively charged lipophilic groups. In general, substances in which two quaternary ammonium groups are separated by an appropriately configured hydrophobic group and which can combine with both anionic sites and the hydrophobic region between them are more potent inhibitors than monoquaternary substance with the same or similar groups. However, substances with a single high-affinity quaternary group and an appropriately structured hydrophobic group, e.g. the trimethoxy-3-butynyl quaternary ammonium compounds, possess inhibitory efficacies similar to those shown by the most potent bisquaternaries. The above suggests that further delineation of the characteristics of the structures of the above sites of the transporter could lead to devisal of more potent reversible inhibitors of choline uptake than now are available. PMID- 3233493 TI - Fetal hippocampal cell suspensions ameliorate behavioral effects of intradentate colchicine in the rat. AB - Colchicine, a neurotoxin that preferentially destroys dentate gyrus granule cells and mossy fibers, was injected into the hippocampus of adult rats. Three weeks later, the rats were tested for colchicine-induced hypermotility after which they received fetal hippocampal explants. Locomotor activity was retested three weeks later, after which the rats were trained over a period of four weeks on a food reinforced, spatial, working memory task in an 8-arm radial maze. Fetal hippocampal explants were found to attenuate significantly the colchicine-induced hypermotility and spatial learning deficits. Histological observations showed the presence of surviving hippocampal explants in both the lesioned and the control rat brains, suggesting that the presence of viable implants facilitates the recovery of behavioral function in rats with spatial memory deficits. PMID- 3233494 TI - The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation and hypoxia on the blood-nerve barrier. AB - We measured the permeability coefficient--surface area product (PA) of peripheral nerve to [14C]sucrose in rat sciatic nerve in experimental chronic hypoxic hypoxia of up to 8 weeks and following hyperbaric oxygenation for 1 to 4 weeks. Chronic hypoxia caused an increase in PA presumably indicating impairment of the blood-nerve barrier at 4 weeks with restoration to normal by 8 weeks. Hyperbaric oxygenation (100% oxygen at 2.5 ata for 120 min/day 5 days per week) caused a mild but time dependent increase in PA reaching statistical significance by 4 weeks. PMID- 3233495 TI - Restraint-induced analgesia in the CD-1 mouse: interactions with morphine and time of day. AB - The tail-flick response of adult male CD-1 mice was used to assess the analgesic properties of restraint alone and in combination with morphine during the diurnal and nocturnal periods. Mice were restrained in conical metal devices that allowed a change in position from supine to prone but not from front to back. Restraint induced an analgesia equipotent to a 2.5 mg/kg dose of morphine within 0.5 h of its initiation. Although habituation occurred over the restraint period a pronounced analgesia was still evident at the end of the 3 h test period. The habituation to restraint-induced analgesia was more rapid at night. Although the basal tail-flick latency to thermal stimulation was decreased during the nocturnal period the time of day did not alter the degree of analgesia induced by either restraint or morphine. Morphine induced a dose- and time-dependent analgesia during both the diurnal and nocturnal periods and this analgesia was potentiated by restraint stress only during the nocturnal period. Naloxone at high doses (10.0 or 20.0 mg/kg) blocked the analgesia induced by morphine but did not totally block the analgesia induced either by restraint or morphine plus restraint. These data suggest the potentiation of an opiate effect by stress may depend on habituation or tolerance to the stressor. PMID- 3233496 TI - Neonatal vasopressin antagonist treatment facilitates adult copulatory behavior in female rats and increases hypothalamic vasopressin content. AB - This study confirms that i.c.v. administration of Arg-vasopressin (AVP, 20 ng) inhibits copulatory behavior in female rats (lordosis response, LR) and demonstrates that this inhibitory effect is blocked by the vasopressin antagonist (3-mercapto-3-methylbutyryl-Tyr-[Me])arginine vasopressin (dPTyr(Me)AVP, 20 ng, i.c.v.). The effects of neonatal AVP antagonist treatment on adult female copulatory behavior, hypothalamic content of AVP and AVP-like immunoreactive (AVP ir) neurons were examined. dPTyr(Me)AVP was given to female rats 1 microgram/animal/day s.c. from day 1 through to day 7 (day 0 = day of birth). The females were ovariectomized as adults and sexual receptivity activated by submaximal doses of estradiol plus progesterone. The LR was significantly facilitated in the neonatally dPTyr(Me)AVP treated females who also showed a higher content and an increased number of AVP-ir neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus compared to saline controls. Functional, biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence is provided that neonatal exposure to an AVP antagonist induces persistent changes in central vasopressinergic neuronal mechanisms. PMID- 3233497 TI - Localisation of the first-order neurone of the jaw opening reflex elicited by periodontal stimulation. AB - The localisation of the first-order neurone of the jaw-opening reflex (JOR), provoked by periodontal stimulation, was investigated in the rat. A section of the mandibular part of the trigeminal ganglion was carried out without impairing the motor root. It suppressed the reflex triggered by the stimulation of the lower incisor. Bilateral destruction of the mesencephalic nucleus and tract does not modify the JOR. These results suggest that the first-order neurone of the reflex is located in the trigeminal ganglion. PMID- 3233498 TI - Attenuation of dark-induced hyperlocomotion by a cholecystokinin antagonist in the nucleus accumbens. AB - A dark-induced hyperlocomotion paradigm was developed to investigate the role of endogenous cholecystokinin in mediating exploratory locomotor activity in the mesolimbic pathway, where cholecystokinin coexists with dopamine. Microinjection of the cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, proglumide, 10-20 micrograms, into the medial posterior nucleus accumbens, significantly inhibited dark-induced hyperlocomotion, while having no effect on locomotion in the light. These data suggest that endogenous cholecystokinin contributes to behaviorally relevant functions of the activated mesolimbic pathway. PMID- 3233499 TI - Effect of various treatments on the nutritional value of rye or rye fractions. AB - 1. Rye grain was subjected to several treatments in an attempt to alter its nutritive value for young chickens. 2. Soaking rye in water or dilute hydrochloric acid improved its nutritional quality. This was manifested by increased food intake, food utilisation, weight gain and increased apparent absorption of fat for chicks fed on a diet containing treated rye. 3. Autoclaving rye before water soaking eliminated the effect of soaking, an effect attributed to denaturation of endogenous enzymes which were responsible for the deactivation of the deleterious compound(s). 4. Autoclaving, sprouting and soaking rye in dilute sodium hydroxide decreased its nutritive value. 5. Studies with rye fractions demonstrated that the apparent absorption of fat was lower in birds fed on diets containing rye flour compared with those fed on diets containing rye bran, that greater improvement in apparent fat absorption occurred after water soaking of rye flour than similarly treating rye bran and that the effects were greater soon after initiation of the feeding of the rye diets as compared with the later part of the feeding trial. PMID- 3233500 TI - Improvement of the nutritional quality of Egyptian and Sudanese sorghum grains by the addition of phosphates. AB - 1. Male broilers (0 to 35 d) were given foods with two types of yellow sorghum substituted for maize in isonutrient diets. Sorghum-based foods were also supplemented with extra phosphorus, to provide a total P of about 8 g/kg; the P being from either orthophosphoric acid or food grade dicalcium phosphate. 2. Both sorghums depressed growth and food:gain ratio and increased the incidence of locomotor disorder to about 0.50 (maize control = 0). Sorghum from Sudan, with higher concentrations of both tannin and phytate, caused more severe anti nutritive effects than sorghum from Egypt. 3. Within the limits of statistical significance the growth depressing effect of sorghum was completely reversed by extra P. With the more toxic Sudanese sorghum this amelioration was numerically less than complete (growth = 0.94, maize control = 1). Locomotor disorders were also virtually, but not completely, eliminated by phosphorus treatment. 4. Treatment of sorghum by dry-mixing with dicalcium phosphate could form the basis of a simple and economic method for extending the use of high-tannin sorghum in poultry foods. The mode of action of the treatment remains to be determined. PMID- 3233501 TI - Concentration of steroid sex hormones in the plasma of hens in relation to oviduct tumours. AB - 1. The concentrations of 17 beta-oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were determined in the plasma of layer breeder hens at the end of their first laying season, in relation to neoplasms of the oviduct, including magnum tumours and leiomyomas. 2. The plasma concentration of E2 was higher in tumorous than in non tumorous hens indicating it may be involved in the development of oviduct tumours. 3. The plasma concentrations of P in tumorous and non-tumorous hens were not significantly different, suggesting no active role of P in the aetiology of the tumours. 4. The E2: P ratio was higher in tumorous than in non-tumorous hens. This ratio could be of value in predicting hens at risk of developing oviduct tumours. PMID- 3233502 TI - Fatty acid requirements of breeding turkeys. AB - 1. Turkey hens were fed during the breeding period on 5 diets containing different amounts of linoleic acid and total fat provided by varying supplements of maize or olive oils. 2. Reproductive performance of the turkeys increased in response to dietary linoleic acid. Eleven g linoleic acid/kg diet gave optimum poult production. 3. Egg weight did not show a significant response to dietary fat content. 4. Adipose tissue fatty acid composition of the hens was influenced by dietary oleic and linoleic acid content. PMID- 3233504 TI - Sodium nitroprusside, a convenient source of dietary cyanide for the study of chronic cyanide toxicity. AB - 1. The suitability of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a source of dietary cyanide has been tested with growing chicks and with hens by measuring plasma or urinary thiocyanate; the major detoxication product of cyanide. 2. Growth and food intake were depressed and plasma thiocyanate concentration was increased in chicks in a progressive manner as the dietary concentration of SNP was increased from 0 to 0.5 g/kg. 3. In laying hens, urinary excretion of thiocyanate was increased fivefold by including SNP in the diet at 0.3 g/kg. 4. It is concluded that SNP is a suitable and convenient source of dietary cyanide for the investigation of chronic cyanide toxicity. PMID- 3233503 TI - Effect of dietary sodium nitroprusside as a source of cyanide on the selenium status of chicks given diets of varying selenium concentration. AB - 1. The interaction between dietary cyanide, given in the form of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and selenium has been studied in two experiments with growing chicks from 14 to 38 d of age. 2. In experiment 1, dietary selenium at 10 mg Se/kg reduced growth, food intake and efficiency of utilisation, and increased relative liver size and selenium content. All of these effects were eliminated by the addition of 0.1 g SNP/kg except for liver selenium content, which progressively declined towards control values as SNP was increased to 0.4 g/kg in increments of 0.1 g/kg. At 0.3 g SNP/kg, cyanide toxicity, as judged by decreased growth, reached significance. 3. In experiment 2, similar effects were observed with selenium at 10 mg Se/kg and SNP at 0.3 g/kg, but selenium deficiency was not evident from growth indicators when selenium supplementation of the diet was omitted completely, nor did these indicators suggest that deficiency was induced by cyanide. 4. In both experiments, plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase activity reflected the dietary selenium content. There was an interaction with dietary SNP content. With selenium intake at a toxic level, SNP increased enzyme activity, further evidence of alleviation of selenium toxicity, but when selenium intake was low and normal, SNP decreased activity in liver, an indication that cyanide could induce deficiency. 5. A possible mechanism for alleviation of selenium toxicity is proposed. PMID- 3233505 TI - Effects of poults on plasma concentrations of prolactin in turkey hens incubating without eggs or a nest. AB - 1. Plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations, total daylight sitting time and extent of brood patch development were compared in singly caged hens incubating without a nest or eggs and in penned hens incubating eggs in nest boxes. No significant differences were found in any of the three measures of incubation intensity. 2. When 10 newly-hatched poults were placed in the cages of incubating hens their plasma PRL concentrations fell rapidly. No fall in plasma PRL was observed in hens that could see and hear, but not touch the poults. 3. When physical contact between hens and poults was maintained, visual isolation of hens from poults, surgical devocalisation of poults, or the combination of visual isolation and devocalisation of poults had no effect on the poult-stimulated decline in plasma PRL concentrations. 4. Sensory cues from poults that evoke the PRL response in incubating hens are primarily tactile. PMID- 3233506 TI - Effects of treadmill exercise on the transfer of plasma triglyceride into the ovary of the laying fowl. AB - 1. The effects of 90 min continuous treadmill exercise on the plasma-to-ovary transfer of 14C-labelled triglycerides in laying hens were examined. 2. Exercised birds showed a 4-fold increase in plasma free fatty acid concentration, a 15% decrease in plasma glucose concentration and unchanged plasma triglyceride concentration compared with resting controls. The mean plasma-to-ovary triglyceride transfer rate was approximately halved by exercise. 3. The surface area-specific triglyceride transfer rate was greatest for oocytes weighing 0.25 1.5 g and decreased with increasing oocyte size. The lowest rates were in the small (less than 0.25 g) white oocytes. This pattern was largely unaffected by exercise. 4. Factors that might be responsible for the reduction in triglyceride transfer into the oocytes during exercise include hormonal effects on the permeability of the oocyte envelope, increased competition for plasma lipids by the working muscles and reduced blood flow to the ovary, as a result of the release of vasoconstrictors. PMID- 3233507 TI - Age and strain differences in plumage renewal during natural and induced moulting in hybrid hens. AB - 1. Replacement of remiges and body-feathers was studied in several flocks of brown and white layers and broiler-breeders under near commercial conditions. 2. Spontaneous moulting of primaries was not circannual in modern laying hybrids; moulting response was more retarded in brown than in white hens. 3. Following induction of moulting by a standard procedure in brown hens, the extent of replacement of remiges increased with increasing age, but even at 81 weeks of age, moult was not completed, but ceased when half of the flock had moulted less than half of the primaries. 4. At comparable age the moulting response was considerably more extensive in broiler-breeders than in layers; moulting was not enhanced in hens that had already started to moult before the induction. 5. Compared to the remiges, the moulting response of the body-feathers was more complete and quicker. However, these results might be influenced by a lower threshold of sensitivity to feather growth-induction of the empty follicles, the cumulative number of which is considerable among the contour-feathers after several months of laying. PMID- 3233508 TI - Predicting the fertilising ability of avian semen: the development of an objective colourimetric method for assessing the metabolic activity of fowl spermatozoa. AB - 1. A simple, objective colourimetric technique for estimating the capacity of fowl spermatozoa to reduce a tetrazolium dye is described. 2. The test is shown to give a quantitative measurement of the metabolic activity of spermatozoa, as judged by their rate of oxygen utilisation, and thus of the 'quality' of semen in poultry. PMID- 3233509 TI - Predicting the fertilising ability of avian semen: comparison of a simple colourimetric test with other methods for predicting the fertilising ability of fowl semen. AB - 1. The rate of tetrazolium dye-reduction by fowl spermatozoa measured by an objective colourimetric assay was shown to correlate strongly with sperm motility, morphology, ATP content and fertilising ability. 2. Although dye reduction appeared less well correlated with fertilising ability than the other variables, the method for its determination has many practical advantages for the assessment of semen quality in poultry. PMID- 3233510 TI - Effect of temperature during induced moulting on plumage renewal and subsequent production. AB - 1. Four groups of 18 cages each containing 4 brown laying hybrids aged 79 weeks were formed by two levels of restriction of a moulting diet (lasting for 29 d) being applied at two moulting temperatures (11 degrees C and 29 degrees C, lasting for 56 d). 2. Low temperature-low feeding resulted in greatly retarded growth of remiges, but the final extent was similar in all 4 groups, and reached 4 to 5 new primaries (median value). Body-plumage of hens moulted at 11 degrees C was 25% heavier than of hens moulted at 29 degrees C. 3. Second year production variables (rate of laying, egg mass, efficiency of food utilisation) were greatly influenced by moulting temperature (low moulting temperature performing better), but not by feeding rate. 4. The persistence of the improved food utilisation is related to energetic consequences of improved plumage renewal during moulting at the lower temperature, which can be seen as an acclimatization effect. PMID- 3233512 TI - 1988 spring meeting of the WPSA (UK branch). World's Poultry Science Association. London, 24th and 25th March 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3233511 TI - Genetic basis of the increase in egg weight with pullet age in a White Leghorn flock. AB - 1. In a closed White Leghorn flock over a 6-year period the average increase in egg weight from the start of lay to 37 weeks of age was 12.6 g. 2. The heritability of this egg weight increase was estimated at 0.36 +/- 0.06. 3. The genetic correlations of egg weight increase with other characteristics were: age at first egg -0.50, early egg weight -0.51, 37 week egg weight 0.42 and egg production to 273 d 0.44. 4. It is predicted that with unit selection intensity the direct response in egg weight increase will be -1.30 g, with correlated responses in age at first egg of 2.1 d, early egg weight 0.64 g, 37 week egg weight -0.51 g and egg production to 273 d -1.83 eggs. PMID- 3233513 TI - Distinguishing teaching interactions of physically abusive from nonabusive parent child dyads. AB - Researchers using a variety of behavioral coding instruments have demonstrated differences between the interactions of physically abusive parent-child dyads and those of nonabusive pairs. Despite fair consistency among these findings, there remains controversy regarding the value of observation of parent-child interaction to the clinical evaluation of child abuse. This study was an investigation of the ability of child protective service workers to distinguish videotaped interactions of physically abusive parent-child dyads from interactions of nonabusive dyads. The interactions occurred as part of a teaching task and were nondisciplinary. The child protection workers achieved a 76% rate of accuracy in identifying the abuse status of the dyads based on observation of only three minutes of semi-structured videotaped interaction. Of the workers, 40% were accurate in classifying 100% of the dyads observed. Increased protective service experience was not associated with increased accuracy, but subjects with no experience in protective service performed at chance level only. The results of this study show that experienced professionals can detect interactional differences in nondisciplinary parent-child interchanges of abusive as compared to nonabusive dyads. This suggests that clinical observation of parent-child interaction may be one important diagnostic tool within a comprehensive evaluation of families suspected of physical child abuse. PMID- 3233514 TI - The child protective service worker: a profile of needs, attitudes, and utilization of professional resources. AB - County child protection units throughout the United States were surveyed to (1) profile the attributes of child protection workers, (2) determine their prevailing attitudes and needs, and (3) assess their access to and utilization of professional literature and consultation resources. Responses were received from 301 child protection workers employed in 33 different states. Respondents were generally depressed about their working conditions, the burden of huge caseloads, and unrealistic expectations of them. Job dissatisfaction was especially prevalent among workers who had been in the field for longer periods of time. Many workers had developed attitudes of resignation to their inability to help clients and had a tendency to avoid client contact. Workers reported doing very little professional reading due to the service requirements of their large caseloads and inaccessibility to journals and other meaningful literature pertinent to the field of child abuse and neglect. The availability of consultation in major specialty areas related to the performance of their child protective duties was frequently inadequate to meet their needs. Participation in formal training prior to first case involvement promoted professional reading and worker confidence in the quality of service provided. Worker job satisfaction and self-perceived professional skills were enhanced by membership in professional associations or societies and membership in or use of multidisciplinary teams. These results suggest the need to further develop national and regional resource centers in support of the practice of child protective service (CPS) workers. PMID- 3233515 TI - Neglect contributing to tertiary hospitalization in childhood asthma. AB - Clinical experience demonstrates that many chronically ill children have an unstable course of illness ending in tertiary care, not because of extraordinary disease, but because they come from dysfunctional and neglectful households. Families frequently cannot or will not adapt to the demands of their chronically ill child. This study substantiates the extent to which neglect and family dysfunction have contributed to the need for hospitalization of asthmatic children at National Jewish. Neglect accelerates the cycle of morbidity and stress associated with illness. Using a measure of global functioning, we demonstrate a psychologic morbidity associated with medical neglect. We discuss children at imminent risk in their home environment and the process of seeking alternative placements. We acknowledge gaps in delivery of health care to this difficult, treatment-resistant population and encourage development of day treatment and home outreach programs. PMID- 3233516 TI - Predictive indicators for adjustment in 4-year-old children whose mothers used amphetamine during pregnancy. AB - Psychosocial factors that could be used as predictive indicators for adjustment of 4-year-old children whose mothers had used amphetamine during pregnancy were studied by means of simple and multivariate correlation analyses. The following statistically significant correlations were found: Length of maternal alcohol and drug abuse during pregnancy was correlated negatively with the child's adjustment as were numbers of paternal criminal convictions, number of stress factors of the mother, and number of earlier children born to the mother. Paternal criminality was associated with the outcome, regardless of amount of contact between father and child. PMID- 3233517 TI - Willingness to report abuse and neglect in residential facilities. AB - This article reports findings obtained in a study that sought to identify factors that influence the willingness of persons associated with and involved in 24-hour residential care to report possible abuse and neglect events. A total of 598 respondents from 33 counties in 5 states were presented with a potentially reportable abuse or neglect situation and were asked to indicate their willingness to report that situation. Characteristics of the event, the resident, staff, and measures of the attitudes of respondents were included in an hierarchical regression model to determine their respective impacts on willingness to report. A model that explained about 45% of the variance in willingness to report was obtained. PMID- 3233518 TI - Behavioral/emotional indicators of sexual abuse in child psychiatric inpatients: a controlled comparison with physical abuse. AB - Several behavioral and emotional indicators of child sexual abuse were compared for both sexually (n = 29) and physically abused (n = 52) children from a sample of 103 hospitalized psychiatric patients. The measures included (1) scores from a factor-analyzed sexual abuse symptom checklist covering home/community behavior that was rated by parents during a clinical interview and (2) frequency counts of psychological symptoms exhibited by the children during a 3-week period of hospitalization. Results of a 2 (sexual abuse status) X 2 (physical abuse status) X 2 (gender) Multivariate Analysis of Variance indicated that sexually abused children exhibited greater sexual behavior, fear/mistrust/anxiety, and withdrawal at home, and greater sexual behavior, fear/anxiety, and sadness in the hospital than nonabused children. In contrast, there were no significant differences between physically abused and nonabused children, and no significant interactions. Few significant correlations were found between symptoms exhibited at home and in the hospital. PMID- 3233519 TI - Parental involvement in child abuse prevention training: what do they learn? AB - This study examined the impact of parent education meetings on preschool parents' knowledge of child abuse. One hundred sixteen parents participated in the study. Parents were selected from seven preschool sites across California. Parent education appeared to have little effect upon (1) parents' knowledge of the prevalence of child sexual abuse, (2) indicators of abuse, or (3) parents' appropriate response to disclosures. Results from the parent data show the negligible effect of parent education as it is presently delivered. Few parents attend the meetings, and those who do learn very little. PMID- 3233520 TI - Child sexual abuse prevention: evaluation of a teacher training model. AB - Teachers are potentially helpful resource persons for large numbers of sexually abused children who may have difficulty disclosing abuse, particularly to family members. In the present study, the effectiveness of a 6-hour teacher training workshop on child sexual abuse prevention was evaluated. Responses of 26 female elementary teachers who participated in the workshop were compared to responses of 19 control teachers on several pre-, post-, and follow-up measures. Relative to controls, trained teachers demonstrated significant increases from pre- to post-testing in knowledge about child sexual abuse and pro-prevention opinions. On a post-only vignettes measure, trained teachers were better able than control teachers to identify behavioral indicators of abuse and suggest appropriate interventions for hypothetical sexually abused children. Over a 6-week follow-up period, trained teachers read more about child abuse than control teachers but did not differ on other behavioral dimensions such as reporting suspected abuse cases. Further research will examine the effects of additional teacher training over an extended follow-up period. PMID- 3233521 TI - Child sexual abuse: who is to blame? AB - This study utilized written descriptions of sexual activity between an adult and a child to examine the impact of victim sex, perpetrator sex, respondent sex, and victim response (i.e., encouraging, passive, resisting) on the attribution of responsibility to the child and the adult perpetrator. A total of 360 college undergraduates (male = 180; female = 180) participated in the study. A main effect for victim response indicated that respondents attributed significantly more responsibility to the child and significantly less responsibility to the perpetrator when the child was described as encouraging the encounter. Children who remained passive were also held significantly more responsible than those who resisted, but there was not a significant difference between resisting and passive conditions in ratings of responsibility to the perpetrator. Several significant interactions affected ratings of responsibility to the perpetrator. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the need for educational programs to raise public awareness about the helplessness felt by sexual abuse victims and the needs of male victims in particular. PMID- 3233522 TI - Psychological symptoms in sexually abused girls. AB - This study examined psychological symptoms exhibited by children who had recently been sexually abused. Twenty-four girls aged 6 to 12 years old were evaluated within six months of being abused using a variety of standardized child psychiatric instruments. Results showed a marked discrepancy between child and parent reports of symptoms. The abused children did not exhibit significant depressive, anxiety, or low self-esteem symptoms by self-report; however, their parents rated them as having significantly more behavioral problems than a normative sample but as somewhat less pathological than a clinical sample. The implications of these findings in relation to our current understanding of the psychological problems manifested by sexually abused children and for future research are discussed. PMID- 3233523 TI - Child sexual abuse: very young perpetrators. AB - Three cases of child sexual abuse by child perpetrators are presented showing that sexual abuse of a child by a child may result in the victim becoming a perpetrator, thereby contributing to a potential reservoir of adolescent and adult perpetrators. Sexual play between children requires increased attention from caretakers to determine whether it is abusive, imitated from prior experience, and potentially transmissible to other children. Parents need to be informed, possibly through schools, that incidents of sexual interaction between children should be reported. To punish children for such behavior may protect the perpetrator and silence the victim(s). PMID- 3233524 TI - The indignant page: techniques of neutralization in the publications of pedophile organizations. AB - There is considerable consensus in this and other societies that adult sexual behavior with children is exploitative and victimizing in nature. The publications of three United States pedophile organizations that advocate adult sexual behavior with children and that are politically and socially active in attempts to decriminalize that behavior--the Rene Guyon Society, the Childhood Sensuality Circle, and the North American Man/Boy Love Association--are analyzed as to how they justify, normalize, or rationalize their practices and philosophy in light of that consensus. The framework for that analysis is the sociological concept of techniques of neutralization. PMID- 3233525 TI - A diagnostic dilemma in Jordan: two child abuse case studies. AB - Child abuse was diagnosed in two Jordanian children. The first was a 15-month-old female infant admitted with a history of convulsions and loss of consciousness. The child had previous head and limb injuries resulting in bilateral subdural hematomas and fractures at different stages of healing of femur and pelvis. The second was a 3-year-old male admitted with history of head injury due to an alleged fall. Examination revealed fractured ribs, bruised eye and face, hemothorax, subperiosteal and subdural hematomas. Both children have sustained physical and mental handicaps. This is the first report of child abuse in Jordan. In Jordan, as in the rest of the world, a high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose child abuse early enough to save the affected child its serious sequelae. PMID- 3233526 TI - Measurement of hymenal diameter in pediatric sexual abuse exams. PMID- 3233527 TI - Family violence will be the issue of the 90s. PMID- 3233528 TI - Responsibility of clergypersons for the utmost care of every child. PMID- 3233529 TI - The effects of inhalation anesthetics on calcium-stimulated exocytosis in a natural membrane model system. AB - Sea urchin egg cortices were used as an in vitro natural membrane model system to determine the effects of inhalation anesthetics on the Ca2+-regulated exocytotic fusion of cortical vesicles with the egg plasma membrane. When Ca2+ was either absent or present in amounts below the threshold for exocytosis, methoxyflurane, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, chloroform and fluoroxene, at concentrations up to 5 mM, had no effect on the fusion of cortical vesicles with the plasma membrane. However, when Ca2+ was present at or above threshold levels for exocytosis, each of the tested anesthetics caused an inhibition of cortical vesicle fusion. Exocytosis was inhibited most effectively by methoxyflurane (55%), followed by halothane (30%), while fluoroxene consistently had the least effect (less than 5%). These observations support the view that volatile anesthetics can impair the Ca2+-regulated fusogenic activities of natural membranes and are consistent with other data showing that inhalational agents inhibit secretory processes in intact cells. PMID- 3233530 TI - The lack of genotoxicity of sodium fluoride in a battery of cellular tests. AB - In a comprehensive assessment of genotoxicity, sodium fluoride was evaluated in a battery of cellular tests providing different genetic end points and biotransformation capabilities. The tests included the following: rat hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair assay, Salmonella typhimurium histidine locus reversion assay, adult rat liver epithelial cell/hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase mutation assay, and sister chromatid exchange in two target cell types, human peripheral blood lymphocytes and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Negative findings were made in all assays, indicating that sodium fluoride is not genotoxic in these assays. PMID- 3233531 TI - Effect of varying the exposure and 3H-thymidine labeling period upon the outcome of the primary hepatocyte DNA repair assay. AB - The results presented in this report demonstrate that an 18-20 hour exposure/3H thymidine DNA labeling period is superior to a 4 hour incubation interval for general genotoxicity screening studies in the rat primary hepatocyte DNA repair assay. When DNA damaging agents which give rise to bulky-type DNA base adducts such as 2-acetylaminofluorene, aflatoxin B1 and benzidine were evaluated, little or no difference was observed between the 4 hour or an 18-20-hour exposure/labeling period. Similar results were also noted for the DNA ethylating agent diethylnitrosamine. However, when DNA damaging chemicals which produce a broader spectrum of DNA lesions were studied, differences in the amount of DNA repair as determined by autoradiographic analysis did occur. Methyl methanesulfonate and dimethylnitrosamine induced repairable DNA damage that was detected at lower dose levels with the 18-20 hour exposure/labeling period. Similar results were also observed for the DNA cross-linking agents, mitomycin C and nitrogen mustard. Ethyl methanesulfonate produced only a marginal amount of DNA repair in primary hepatocytes up to a dose level of 10(-3) M during the 4 hour incubation period, whereas a substantial amount of DNA repair was detectable at a dose level of 2.5 X 10(-4) M when the 18-20 hour exposure/labeling period was employed. The DNA alkylating agent 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, which creates DNA base adducts that are slowly removed from mammalian cell DNA, induced no detectable DNA repair in hepatocytes up to a toxic dose level of 2 X 10(-5) M with the 4 hour exposure period, whereas a marked DNA repair response was observed at 10(-5) M when the 18-20 hour exposure/labeling period was used. PMID- 3233533 TI - The mechanism of cytogenetic genotoxicity of exogenous glutathione in V-79 cells in vitro--implication of hydrogen peroxide and general traits of oxidative chromosome damage. AB - The mechanism of cytogenetic genotoxicity (clastogenicity, induction, cell cycle delay) of 10(-3) M glutathione in V79-E cells, as described by Thust and Bach (1985), was studied in detail by using different treatment conditions. It was found that 1-cystine is the essential cofactor in the incubation system. Catalase, but not superoxide dismutase, abolished the genotoxic effect, and the iron chelator desferoxamine, as well as the hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol, diminished the activity. It is suggested that glutathione, in combination with V79-E cells and cystine, forms a hydrogen peroxide-generating system which provokes the adverse effects. Glutathione as well as 1-cysteine and 2 mercaptopropionylglycine, which were checked for comparison, show a "paradoxic genotoxicity," i.e., at 10(-2) M the effects return almost to the level of controls. Concentration dependence and other criteria of cytogenetic genotoxicity observed with glutathione show obvious similarities to those of other oxidatively acting agents and reveal striking differences to the cytogenetic effects of "typical" genotoxins. PMID- 3233534 TI - The role of external tensions in differentiation of Xenopus laevis embryonic tissues. AB - Explants extirpated from Xenopus laevis embryos at the early gastrula stage were placed on pieces of hydrophilized latex film which were then either stretched or remained intact. In explants cultivated on the intact films most cells emigrated out of the explants and remained undifferentiated, whereas the explants on the films stretched for 10 min or more developed a normal set of rudiments. In the explants of suprablastoporal zone stretched perpendicularly to the cranio-caudal direction, the axial organs were oriented in the direction of stretching. In the stretched explants, unlike the intact ones, a system of microfilament-associated intercellular contacts was formed within a few minutes. PMID- 3233532 TI - A novel class of unstable 6-thioguanine-resistant cells from dog and human kidneys. AB - Thioguanine-resistant primary clones were grown from single cell suspensions obtained from dog and human kidneys by enzymatic digestion. In medium containing a relatively high concentration (10 micrograms/ml) of thioguanine, thioguanine resistant primary clones arose from each source at frequencies ranging from 10( 4) to 10(-5). A reduction in total hypoxanthine uptake was found in the thioguanine-resistant primary clones which had developed in thioguanine medium, consistent with a reduction in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity. When these thioguanine-resistant primary clones were subsequently grown in the absence of thioguanine and assayed for the thioguanine-resistant phenotype and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity, it was found that most were now thioguanine-sensitive and yielded cell-free extracts with substantial amounts of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity. In contrast, thioguanine resistant human clones grown continuously in the presence of thioguanine yielded cell-free extracts with little or no detectable hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity. Southern blot analysis demonstrated no structural alterations in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene in thioguanine-resistant primary human kidney clones. These results suggest that a novel mechanism(s) for thioguanine resistance and the control of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase expression may occur in dog and human kidney cells. PMID- 3233535 TI - Embryonic cell recognition: uncoupling tissue-specific affinities from cell-type specificities. AB - We have experimentally defined the two major aspects of embryonic cell recognition-adhesion (ReAd), tissue type-specific ReAd and cell type-specific ReAd; we showed that they arise consecutively during cell differentiation, and that the former can function in the absence of the latter. Embryonic chick cells (retina and chondroblasts) in which differentiation was arrested by BrdU at an early stage, failed to express cell-type ReAd, yet they continued to display tissue-type ReAd: they distinguished tissue-self from non-self and selectively cohered with self. Our results indicate that tissue-type and cell-type ReAd represent distinct, separately controlled mechanisms. BrdU appears to be useful as a probe for investigating the regulation of these mechanisms, and as an experimental effector of differentiation abnormalities associated with defects in cell recognition. PMID- 3233537 TI - Temporal and spatial expression of embryonic alkaline phosphatase activity in the surf clam, Spisula solidissima. AB - The temporal appearance and spatial distribution of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) have been examined during the development of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima. Enzyme activity was detectable at low levels from fertilization onward with a sharp linear increase in activity occurring at the trochophore stage, 14 h post-fertilization. Histochemical localization of enzyme activity at the light microscope level showed the increased activity associates initially with a limited number of large macromeres and is progressively restricted to the cells forming the tip of the growing archenteron. Electron microscopy shows the activity is restricted to the luminal and lateral plasma membrane of these cells. PMID- 3233536 TI - Expression of muscle actin genes in early differentiation stages of tail regeneration of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii. AB - Amputation of the tail of the amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii leads to the formation of a blastema composed of undifferentiated cells during the first stages of regeneration. Between the 3rd and 4th week following amputation, the first fully differentiated striated muscle cells appear, and in the 6th week myogenic differentiation extends throughout the regenerate. Myoblasts appear in cell patches where cells fuse as differentiation proceeds. Using a cloned cDNA probe to a striated muscle actin gene specifically expressed in adult skeletal muscle, we show that no corresponding mRNA remains during dedifferentiation. A new actin transcript of the same length as cardiac actin transcript appears in the 4th week after amputation. We conclude that for the myogenic cell line, differentiation in the regenerate is accompanied by an actin isoform transition similar to that seen in embryonic terminal differentiation of higher vertebrates. PMID- 3233538 TI - Sex-specific proteins in normal chick embryo gonads and testis feminized by oestrogen treatment: a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis investigation. AB - Gonads dissected from 17-day-old normal chick embryos, as well as testes feminized by oestrogen treatment, were labelled in vitro with [35S]methionine and [14C]leucine. The patterns of cytosolic protein synthesis by the gonads were analysed using two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the feminized testis, two female-specific proteins appeared, the rate of synthesis of four testis-specific proteins was decreased, and quantitative variations of other synthesized proteins in relation to sex were detected. This altered protein synthesis indicates that the protein synthesis of the testis feminized by oestrogen treatment has in part become similar to that of a normal ovary. The synthesis of female-specific proteins in the feminized testis raises the question of their role in normal ovarian differentiation. PMID- 3233539 TI - [Dietetic principles and family functioning. An analysis of the formation and diffusion of standards in nutritional matters]. PMID- 3233540 TI - [The family and health: the example of nutrition practices]. PMID- 3233541 TI - [Organization of the health system in Portugal]. PMID- 3233542 TI - [The physician-interpreter-patient communication. The case of a specialized pediatric consultation]. PMID- 3233543 TI - [Differential diffusion of AIDS. A sociologic approach]. PMID- 3233544 TI - [Behaviors and practices of health according to sex in an aged population in a rural milieu]. PMID- 3233545 TI - [Liver biochemical tests in paraquat intoxication]. PMID- 3233546 TI - [Investigation of phantom limb phenomena in amputees]. PMID- 3233547 TI - [Seizures starting in old age]. PMID- 3233548 TI - Aspiration pneumonia following diesel oil siphonage--analysis of 12 cases. PMID- 3233549 TI - [Comparison of bicarbonate hemodialysis and acetate hemodialysis]. PMID- 3233550 TI - [Electrolyte patterns in patients with renal failure]. PMID- 3233551 TI - Second operation following conservative surgery for infertility. PMID- 3233552 TI - Pulpal response to a composite resin used as a labial veneering material. PMID- 3233554 TI - [Rifampicin-induced "flu-like syndrome"--a case report]. PMID- 3233553 TI - [Evaluation of occlusal plane, ala-tragion line, palatal plane and mandibular plane in Chinese]. PMID- 3233555 TI - Marketing baccalaureate entry to nursing practice in Canada. PMID- 3233556 TI - Occupational risk factor assessment for community-based health professionals. PMID- 3233557 TI - Ultrastructure and composition of the conidial wall of Cladosporium cladosporioides. AB - Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the conidial wall of Cladosporium cladosporioides was constituted of an electron-lucent inner layer and an electron dense outer layer. The conidial surface is covered by rodlet fascicles which can be removed by ultrasonication. Ultrastructurally, the 100,000 X g ultracentrifugation pellet of the ultrasonicated extract containing the rodlet layer appeared as an amorphous structure containing probably internal wall material anchoring the rodlet fascicles on the wall. The total conidial wall was essentially composed of beta(1----3)glucans and melanin. Lipid, salt, and galactan represented the main components of the 100,000 X g ultracentrifugation pellet of the ultrasonicated extract. Cladosporium cladosporioides produced melanin via the pentaketide pathway. Tricyclazole inhibited melanin synthesis but did not interfere with allergen production. This suggests that the wall components associated with melanin are not allergenic factors. PMID- 3233558 TI - Pseudo-exponential growth in length of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The growth patterns of individual cells of the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe wild-type cells, strain 972 h-; cells exposed to hydroxyurea; and cdc mutants, 11-123, 2-33) were investigated by time-lapse photomicrography. Wild type cells showed one, two, or three linear-growth segments followed by a constant-length stage. Cells with two segments were most frequent. Hydroxyurea cells that divided as oversized cells (about three times the birth length) had three linear-growth segments in a cycle. Mutant cdc11-123 cells did not divide but had a constant-length stage separating the cycles; both the first and second cycles consisted of two linear-growth segments, and cells were oversized at the second constant-length stage (about 3.5 times the birth length). Elongating cdc2 33 cells that did not divide and were oversized (about five times the birth length) while under observation, showed four linear-growth segments. Cells of all strains showed 30 to 40% increase in growth rate at the rate-change point and maintained approximate exponential (pseudo-exponential) growth. We conclude that the normal growth pattern of individual fission-yeast cells is the pseudo exponential pattern. PMID- 3233559 TI - Properties and characteristics of a bacteriocin-like substance produced by Propionibacterium acnes isolated from dental plaque. AB - A cell-associated bacteriocinlike substance with an approximate molecular weight of 78,000 was isolated from an oral isolate of Propionibacterium acnes. The substance was bacteriostatic and was active against both gram-positive and gram negative anaerobes. Lysozyme inhibited the activity of the bacteriocinlike substance at low ionic strength. PMID- 3233560 TI - Neutralizing response of rabbits to an experimental rubella subunit vaccine made from immunostimulating complexes. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate experimentally the immunogenicity in rabbits of rubella subunits adsorbed to the adjuvant Quil A. The adsorbed viral proteins form structurally defined ImmunoStimulating COMplexes (ISCOMs). Rubella ISCOMs were tested for their capacity to induce neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies, in comparison with a commercial live attenuated vaccine. Rubella ISCOMs were as efficient as the live vaccine in inducing neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies, suggesting the possibility of developing an ISCOMs subunit vaccine. PMID- 3233562 TI - Vision screening. PMID- 3233561 TI - Lifestyles modification program. PMID- 3233563 TI - The future of higher education for public health--2. PMID- 3233564 TI - Technological innovations in health care: the need for technology assessment. PMID- 3233565 TI - Developing healthy communities. A five year project report from The Community Health Development Centre. Presented at The International Healthy Cities Conference. September 1994. PMID- 3233567 TI - Impact of fitness training on native adolescents' self-evaluations and substance use. PMID- 3233568 TI - Concept of health as viewed by selected ethnic Canadian populations. PMID- 3233566 TI - The teaching health unit: the Ottawa experience. PMID- 3233569 TI - An environmental study of a nosocomial outbreak of Legionellosis in a city hospital. PMID- 3233570 TI - Trends in volatile N-nitrosamines in baby bottle nipples and pacifiers in recent years. PMID- 3233571 TI - The healthstyles health promotion program: description and behavioural outcomes. PMID- 3233572 TI - Community development: use of a multi-service system in Nova Scotia. PMID- 3233573 TI - Vaccine adverse reactions in young children in Ontario. PMID- 3233575 TI - The future need for schools of public health in Canada. PMID- 3233574 TI - Estimation of vaccine coverage in Ontario children. PMID- 3233576 TI - Cigarette smoke in the home environment: a public health concern? PMID- 3233577 TI - An evaluation of selected "I Can Cope" programs by registered participants. PMID- 3233578 TI - Lessons of self-help for Indian women with breast cancer. PMID- 3233579 TI - Hormonal therapy for breast cancer. PMID- 3233580 TI - Therapy-related acute leukemia. An overview. PMID- 3233581 TI - The development of a method for determining oncology patients' emotional distress using linear analogue scales. PMID- 3233582 TI - The family with cancer. Nursing interventions throughout the course of living with cancer. PMID- 3233583 TI - Pain relief for cancer patients. PMID- 3233584 TI - "What does it mean?" Sibling and parental appraisals of childhood leukemia. PMID- 3233585 TI - Shared life space and sibling bereavement responses. PMID- 3233586 TI - Development of a consultancy service in The Netherlands. PMID- 3233587 TI - Discovery of breast changes. Women's responses and nursing implications. PMID- 3233588 TI - The psychodynamics of prolonged treatment in a patient with cancer of the hypopharynx. PMID- 3233589 TI - The nighttime problems of Parkinson's disease. AB - In a national survey conducted among 220 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 215 reported experiencing disabilities at night or on waking. The most common problems were inability to turn over or get out of bed and a frequent need to pass urine during the night. For the majority of patients, sleep was disrupted. Despite these difficulties, two-thirds of patients rated sleep quality as acceptable or good. The average duration of sleep was 6.5-7 h but approximately 8% of patients reported less than 5 h sleep per night. Hypnotic or sedative drugs were used by 29% of patients to help them sleep but only 6% took any antiparkinsonian medication during the night. Just over half the patients had told their doctor of nocturnal problems; prescription of hypnotic drugs or changes to antiparkinsonian therapy were the remedies most frequently tried. Problems at night are common in PD and, because of their debilitating effect on performance during the daytime, merit special attention. PMID- 3233590 TI - Piracetam in the treatment of different types of myoclonus. AB - Forty patients with different clinical and electrophysiological types of myoclonus were treated with piracetam (18-24 g per day, p.o.) alone, or with other drugs (clonazepam, sodium valproate, and primidone) in different combinations. Piracetam in monotherapy improved the electrophysiological abnormalities in patients with cortical reflex myoclonus, but had no useful clinical effect. Sixteen patients obtained benefit from piracetam when given in combination with other antimyoclonic drugs; improvement was dramatic in two patients, moderate in seven and mild in seven. All patients showing some response to piracetam had myoclonus of cortical origin; however, five other patients with similar cortical myoclonus failed to improve when piracetam was added. Tolerance was excellent and side effects were minimal and transient. It is concluded that piracetam probably has an antimyoclonic action, but its potential value as a therapeutic tool for disabling myoclonus requires further study. PMID- 3233591 TI - Hallucinations and confusion after pergolide withdrawal. PMID- 3233592 TI - Tiapride-induced erythema multiforme. PMID- 3233593 TI - Opiate withdrawal unmasks Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3233594 TI - N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminidase activity of E. coli phage 44 and the sequencing of E. coli K44 capsular polysaccharide by mass spectrometry. PMID- 3233595 TI - Isolation and properties of a lectin from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei. PMID- 3233596 TI - Scope and limitations of rotating-frame nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy applied to oligosaccharides. AB - Two-dimensional rotating-frame nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy has been applied to milk oligosaccharides containing the blood-group determinants Lea, Led, or Leb. The results indicate a large number of dipolar interactions that are consistent with the preferred conformations described for these blood group determinants. Despite careful experimental conditions, coherent transfer processes are not suppressed completely, allowing only a qualitative evaluation of the nuclear Overhauser data. The 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectra are assigned by comparison with literature data and by application of two-dimensional 13C-1H shift-correlation spectroscopy. PMID- 3233597 TI - Interaction of D-glucose with alkaline-earth metal ions. Synthesis, spectroscopic, and structural characterization of Mg(II)- and Ca(II)-D-glucose adducts and the effect of metal-ion binding on anomeric configuration of the sugar. AB - The interaction of D-glucose with the hydrated alkaline-earth metal halides has been studied in solution, and adducts of the type Mg(D-glucose)X2.4 H2O, Ca(D glucose)X2.4 H2O, and Ca(D-glucose)2X2.4 H2O, where X = Cl- and Br-, have been isolated, and characterized by means of F.t.-i.r. and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, X ray powder diffraction, and molar conductivity measurements. Spectroscopic and other evidence suggested that the Mg(II) ion in the Mg(D-glucose)X2.4 H2O adducts six-coordinate, binding to a D-glucose molecule (possibly via O-1 and O-2 atoms) and to four H2O molecules, whereas, in the corresponding 1:1 Ca-D-glucose adduct, the Ca(II) ion is possibly seven-coordinate, binding to a sugar moiety (through the O-1, O-2, and other sugar donor atoms) and to four H2O molecules. In 1:2 Ca(D glucose)2X2.4 H2O, the calcium ion may be eight-coordinate, binding to two D glucose molecules (possibly via the O-1 and O-2 atoms of each sugar moiety) and to four H2O molecules. The strong, sugar H-bonding network is rearranged upon D glucose adduct-formation, and the alpha-anomeric configuration is favored by these metal cation coordinations. PMID- 3233598 TI - Synthesis of a dimeric Lewis X hexasaccharide derivative corresponding to a tumor associated glycolipid. AB - The dimeric Lewis X hexasaccharide p-trifluoroacetamidophenylethyl O-beta-D galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-[alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1----3)]-O- (2- acetamido-2 deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-beta-D-galactopyrano syl- (1----4)-O [alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1----3)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranoside (14), which is a derivative of a tumor-associated glycolipid, was synthesized from thioglycoside intermediates. A protected disaccharide was used as a key intermediate for synthesis of the p-nitrophenylethyl glycoside of suitably protected O-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-O-beta-D-GlcpN-(1----3)-O-beta-D-Galp-(1--- -4) beta-D- GlcpN, which, after selective deblocking, was di-L-fucosylated and deprotected to give 14. PMID- 3233600 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance of the cardiovascular system: our experience in 112 subjects. PMID- 3233599 TI - Sialic acids in human lymphocytes. Qualitative and quantitative alterations in cancer cases. AB - Sialic acids, hydrolyzed from human lymphocytes, were determined, in the nanomole range, with a modified form of the periodic acid-thiobarbituric acid assay and liquid chromatography. The l.c. separations were carried out with two different systems, firstly an Aminex HPX-72 S anion-exchange resin and a 0.15M ammonium sulfate mobile phase, and secondly an amine phase (5 microns) and an acetonitrile phosphate buffer as mobile phase. The lymphocytes of cancer-stricken persons showed an evident rise of the sialic acid content, combined with a shift of the sialic acid distribution to higher O-acetylated derivatives, as compared to the controls. PMID- 3233601 TI - [Obesity as an infarction risk factor]. PMID- 3233602 TI - Anterior ST segment depression in first inferior myocardial infarction: echocardiographic analysis of extent of left ventricular wall motion abnormality. PMID- 3233603 TI - [Behavior of urinary catecholamines in hypertension]. PMID- 3233605 TI - [Trends in arterial blood pressure in an aged population]. PMID- 3233604 TI - [Simultaneous determination of pressor and peripheral vascular response to isometric exercise. Reassessment of the methodology]. PMID- 3233607 TI - Early systolic contraction abnormalities in chronic ischemic heart disease. Assessment by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 3233606 TI - [Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: nifedipine therapy]. PMID- 3233608 TI - Reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in a 75-year-old subject with Prinzmetal's angina. PMID- 3233609 TI - [Acute ischemic heart disease and reperfusion ventricular arrhythmia]. PMID- 3233610 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct in puerperium: description of 2 cases]. PMID- 3233611 TI - Subjective health in relation to aging and disease in a representative sample at ages 70, 75 and 79. AB - This study explores the relationship between perception of health in 70-79-year olds and documented functional ability/disability as well as prevalence of definable disorders. Two thirds of both men and women declared themselves healthy at age 70, 2/3-3/4 at age 75 and 3/4 at age 79. Subjective health correlated significantly with the results of an extensive clinical examination for men at age 75 and for women at ages 75 and 79. In both sexes the correlation coefficients between the number of definable diseases and subjective health scoring was statistically significant as well as between mortality and subjective health. Some correlations were also found between subjective health and certain parameters of organ system functions. Contrary to objective findings, the proportion of those who declared themselves healthy was not decreasing by increasing age, and sex difference in consumption of care was not reflected in any sex difference in subjective health. The correlation between subjective health and number of disorders illustrates that the subjective health answers were influenced by knowledge obtained at previous clinical examinations and from drug prescriptions. Many elderly with functional disorders and drug treatment reported, however, that they were well. Subjective evaluation of health seemed to be markedly influenced by their willingness to accept impairment, disability and handicaps as being normal for their age. PMID- 3233612 TI - Age retirement in women. III. An odontological study. AB - This study presents data from clinical, roentgenological and interview examinations of 116 women at the age of retirement from work. The study was part of a comprehensive investigation including general health, health behaviour and psychological status. The women were examined 5 months before and 5 months after retirement. Oral status as well as dental health behaviour was recorded. Forty per cent had been treated with removable dentures of different types; 14 women were edentulous in both jaws. The dentate women had on an average 19.8 teeth, of which 83% were either filled or decayed. Eighty-one per cent claimed that they visited a dentist regularly and about 80% actually did so during the observation period. A majority of these were included in a recall system. Almost 1/3 experienced oral dryness, occasionally or constantly. Oral dryness was combined with a somewhat higher frequency of decayed surfaces. About 22% considered themselves to have, from a dental point of view, improved their eating habits after retirement. The study shows no evidence of decline in oral health behaviour after retirement. PMID- 3233614 TI - 'Programmed' left ventricular angiography: a new method for assessing left ventricular compliance. AB - In the present study a new method for evaluating left ventricular chamber compliance is reported. We induced a programmed postextrasystolic beat during routine left ventricular angiography through a temporary pacing catheter, placed at the sinoatrial junction (S1-S1 = 600 ms; S1-S2 = 400 ms; S2-S3 = 800 ms). Thirty-two patients with documented critical coronary artery disease and 5 normal subjects represent the study group. The method allows to have two couples of end diastolic pressure and end-diastolic volume and we calculated the modulus of chamber stiffness with the formula: K = (1n EDP 3 - 1n EDP 1)/(EDVI 3 - EDVI 1), where EDP 1-3 and EDVI 1-3 are end-diastolic pressure and end-diastolic volume index in basal beat and in the postextrasystolic pause, respectively. Left ventricular chamber compliance (dV/dP) and specific compliance (dV/VdP) were also calculated. In order to assess the clinical value of the method, we divided the patients with coronary artery disease into three groups: 12 patients had angina and no previous myocardial infarction; 15 had a previous myocardial infarction and responded to postextrasystolic potentiation with an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction greater than or equal to 0.08 and 5 patients had myocardial infarction and did not respond to postextrasystolic potentiation. Diastolic indices showed significant differences between subgroups; patients with more severe disease and with systolic dysfunction had the highest values of the modulus of chamber stiffness and the lowest values of chamber compliance. Moreover, these indices were not correlated with basal end-diastolic volumes, but they were directly and significantly correlated with the actual increase in left ventricular filling. PMID- 3233613 TI - Noninvasive assessment of systolic and diastolic function in 50 patients with Friedreich's ataxia. AB - Fifty consecutive patients with Friedreich's ataxia were examined to characterize their cardiac diastolic function. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 42 (80%) of the 50 patients. Echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy in 14 patients (28%): concentric in 12 and asymmetric in 2. Left ventricular percent fractional shortening was normal in all except 2 patients. Diastolic filling characteristics measured from Doppler mitral flow velocity traces were not statistically different from those of 18 healthy control subjects. No abnormal diastolic flow pattern was observed in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, whether concentric or asymmetric. PMID- 3233615 TI - X-ray microanalysis of the element content in the hearts of mice treated with digoxin. AB - The element content was detected by X-ray microanalysis in the hearts of mice treated with daily doses of 0.075 microgram digoxin for 12 days and compared with that of controls. Statistically significant differences were found for K and S, which were lower, and for P, which was higher following treatment with digoxin. In the sera of the treated mice Mg was slightly lower, whereas Ca and K levels were found to be elevated in comparison with those of nontreated animals. A possible explanation for these findings is discussed. PMID- 3233616 TI - Equivocal and borderline myocardial hypertrophy in relatives of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: possible implications in genetics of the disease. AB - To determine the occurrence of familial and sporadic forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) 74 first-degree relatives of 21 patients with proven HC were studied by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. A diagnosis of HC was made in 11 relatives (15%) while it was excluded in 61 of them (82%); 2 subjects (3%) were considered neither affected nor unaffected (borderline left ventricular hypertrophy suggestive of HC). Inspection of pedigrees revealed 38% of familial forms of HC with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance in 5/8 families (62%). Furthermore, among those relatives judged unaffected by means of full echocardiographic criteria for HC, an attempt was made to find out whether minor changes of left ventricular geometry were present for their possible implications in genetics of HC (latent or potential forms, low phenotypic expression of the disease). Eleven out of 61 unaffected relatives had a left ventricular wall thickness radius ratio greater than 0.50 (equivocal hypertrophy), a value that was higher than two standard deviations of the control group. Assessment of clinical significance of borderline and equivocal hypertrophy in relatives of patients with HC is required for a better understanding of genetic transmission of this disease. In this view the occurrence of sporadic and familial forms of HC might be revisited. PMID- 3233617 TI - Primary pneumococcal peritonitis in patients with cardiac ascites: report of 2 cases. AB - Two patients with fatal spontaneous pneumococcal peritonitis associated with ascites due to severe heart failure are reported. Remarkable clinical features included gradual onset and absence of fever and signs of peritonitis. Only 1 case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with cardiac ascites was described previously and was caused by enterococcus. PMID- 3233618 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of right coronary artery-right atrial fistula using two dimensional echocardiography, pulsed Doppler echocardiography and color flow mapping. AB - The case of a patient with right coronary artery-right atrial fistula was reported, with special reference to the noninvasive evaluation. On two dimensional echocardiography in the short axis view, it was observed that the fistula had an entrance from the right coronary cusp, with the body of fistula sigmoid-like appearance running along the tricuspid ring and atrioventricular groove. In the subxyphoidal approach the exit of fistula into the right atrium was demonstrated. Intrafistular blood flow and drainage flow into the right atrium were identified by color flow mapping. The potential usefulness of the combination of two-dimensional, pulsed Doppler echocardiography and color flow mapping were discussed. PMID- 3233619 TI - Abnormal glucose tolerance is the dominant risk factor in South African Indian women with myocardial infarction. AB - Risk factors for coronary artery disease were determined at least 3 months following myocardial infarction in 90 Indian women between the ages of 26 and 60 years. The risk factors were analysed according to age (greater than 45 vs. less than or equal to 45 years) and also their prevalence was compared to that of 76 healthy age- and sex-matched Indian controls. In the total patient cohort, 98% had at least one major coronary risk factor. Older patients (greater than 45 years) were characterized by a higher risk profile: mean number of risk factors 2.7 compared to 1.9 in women less than or equal to 45 years (p less than 0.005). Diabetes mellitus was the commonest risk factor and was present in 78% of patients. While diabetes mellitus was detected with similar frequency in both age groups of patients (79 and 77%), hypertension, lipid aberrations and family history of myocardial infarction were encountered more frequently in the older women. Compared to the control population, the patients had a higher frequency of lipid abnormalities (p less than 0.0005), obesity (p less than 0.01) and a positive family history of myocardial infarction in first-degree relatives (p less than 0.01). The prevalence of smoking was low both among patients (10%) and control subjects (5%). This analysis thus indicated that of the identifiable risk factors, diabetes mellitus was most prominent in all age groups with hypertension and lipid aberrations being significant synergistic factors in the older women. PMID- 3233620 TI - Pain in myocardial infarct. PMID- 3233621 TI - Heart failure today. Proceedings of a symposium. Cannes (France), September 18 19, 1987. PMID- 3233622 TI - Heart failure today. AB - In summary, we are at a very exciting stage because we had all the complex methods shown to us that could be used for further studies. We have also been introduced to the concept that ibopamine is a type of drug that warrants further studies which are going to be very carefully planned to utilize all the very sophisticated armamentarium we now have at our command. Finally, I would like to thank the chairmen of the various sessions for allowing the meeting to flow so smoothly: Prof. Hugenholtz, Bounhoure, Kulbertus, Dalla Volta and Bricaud and Dr. Lopez Sendon. I would like to thank all the speakers. I would also like to thank the audience, because without you we would not be here. Thank you very much indeed. PMID- 3233623 TI - Prostatic urinary obstruction and its surgical treatment: Japanese experience, 1980-1987. PMID- 3233624 TI - Factors influencing bleeding during transurethral prostatectomy. AB - Operating time, the weight of the prostate, blood loss, and bleeding rate (ml/min) were recorded during transurethral prostatectomy in 417 patients. There were significant correlations between prostate weight and blood loss (r = .589; P less than 0.001) and between operating time and blood loss (r = .551; P less than 0.0001). Bleeding rate was significantly correlated with prostate weight (r = .399; P less than 0.0001) but not with operating time. Results of multiple regression analysis confirmed that bleeding was more closely related to prostate weight than to operating time. Operating time appears to be an iatrogenic factor in blood loss during transurethral prostatectomy. PMID- 3233625 TI - Urinary tract infections in patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy. AB - The incidence of urinary tract infections was determined in 1,660 patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy. Preoperative infection was found in 25% of all patients and in 35% of the 276 patients aged 80 years or over. Of the 1,251 patients without a preoperative infection, 17% had postoperative infections. The incidence of new postoperative infection was significantly related to the duration of surgery and the weight of the resected prostate. The incidence of infection was higher in summer than in winter months. PMID- 3233626 TI - Bacteriuria, leukocytosis, and fever after transurethral prostatectomy. AB - Transurethral prostatectomy was performed in 71 patients, whose body temperature and leukocyte count were recorded for four days. Twenty-four of the patients had a pre- or postoperative urinary tract infection. The fever index scores (temperature X hours) of both the infected and noninfected patients increased similarly on the day of surgery and postoperative day 1; the scores of the noninfected then decreased rapidly, while those of the infected declined gradually. There was a similar pattern in leukocyte counts. It is hypothesized that the fever associated with transurethral prostatectomy in noninfected patients is a swift reaction to bacteremia, which is promptly overcome; infected patients, who do not react as quickly, experience prolonged infection and fever. PMID- 3233627 TI - Serum and prostatic tissue concentrations of ofloxacin. AB - Serum concentrations of ofloxacin were determined in 28 patients, and prostatic tissue concentrations were analyzed in 26 patients, receiving a single 400-mg oral dose of the agent prior to transurethral prostatectomy. The maximum serum concentration was 5.198 micrograms/ml, the time of maximum concentration was 195.1 minutes, and the terminal half-life was 211.7 minutes. The prostatic tissue concentrations of ofloxacin were similar to those in serum (ratio, 1.06 +/- 0.37). PMID- 3233628 TI - A four-day course of cephalosporins in transurethral prostatectomy. AB - Each of 233 patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy received 2 gm of a cephalosporin intravenously on the day of surgery and the following day and 1 gm on each of the next two days. No serious postoperative complications and no epididymitis were noted. Postoperative urinary tract infections occurred in 7% of the 233 patients: in 13% of the 64 patients preoperatively infected and in 5% of the 169 patients not preoperatively infected. Fourteen previous studies of prophylaxis in transurethral prostatectomy are reviewed. PMID- 3233629 TI - Cefotaxime in transurethral prostatectomy. AB - A total of 6 gm of cefotaxime was administered in six doses over four days to each of 83 patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy. The first dose was given before (44 patients) or after (39 patients) surgery. There were no important postoperative differences between patients in the two groups. Urinary tract infections had been diagnosed in 17 patients before surgery and were found in three after surgery. There were no serious infectious complications in any patient. PMID- 3233630 TI - The origin of bacteria isolated from patients after transurethral prostatectomy. AB - Of 250 patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy, 34 had significant bacteriuria after surgery. In 20 patients, including some without significant colonies of bacteria, the same organisms were found before surgery. Closed surgical systems and aseptic techniques can prevent infection from outside the patient, but bacteriuria can still develop from within the patient. PMID- 3233631 TI - Epididymitis after transurethral prostatectomy. AB - Transurethral prostatectomy was performed in 2,407 patients and open subcapsular prostatectomy in 308 patients. Postsurgical epididymitis developed in 1.0% of the patients undergoing transurethral resection and in 3.2% of the patients undergoing open resection (P less than 0.05). Factors associated with the incidence of epididymitis, such as prostate weight and operating time, were also associated with the incidence of urinary tract infection. Epididymitis was significantly associated with the presence of preoperative catheterization and postoperative urinary tract infection. PMID- 3233632 TI - Mortality after transurethral prostatectomy. AB - In 68 patients aged 80 to 94 who underwent transurethral prostatectomy between 1981 and 1987, the survival rate after the procedure was higher than that of the general population of the same age distribution. In nine patients aged 62 to 92 for whom transurethral prostatectomy was indicated but not performed because of concomitant medical problems (including cardiac problems in four, advanced cancer in two, dementia in two, and pulmonary disease in one), the survival rate was much lower, seven of the nine dying within 13 months. High mortality reported in men undergoing transurethral prostatectomy may be due to concomitant medical problems rather than aftereffects of the surgery. PMID- 3233633 TI - Comparison of transurethral and open subcapsular prostatectomy: relation to weight of the prostate. AB - The results of transurethral prostatectomy in 2,269 men and open subcapsular prostatectomy in 300 men were compared. The only significant differences between the two groups were in the duration of hospital stay (18.3 vs 26.2 days) and the number of days that the drainage catheter was indwelling (5.4 days in the transurethral and 10.9 days in the open surgery group [P less than 0.01, both comparisons]). Blood loss, the need for transfusion, the amount of blood transfused, and the duration of surgery, catheterization, and hospital stay were all related to prostate size. Transurethral resection was superior to open resection for prostates weighing less than 20 gm; prostates of 20 gm to 30 gm were the easiest to enucleate. PMID- 3233635 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone on deposition of types I and IV collagen in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 3233634 TI - Histochemical demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activities in the bovine corpora lutea of pregnancy and estrous cycle. PMID- 3233636 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of angiotensinogen in the nissl bodies. PMID- 3233638 TI - Kinetic properties of Triton X-100 solubilized bone matrix induced alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 3233637 TI - Correlation of mRNA hybridization and cell membrane oligosaccharide profile with colon carcinoma metastatic aggressiveness. PMID- 3233639 TI - Age-related anisotropic changes in the fiber orientation of the human blood vessel. An attempt at the application of the molecular orientation analyser for the measurement of human tissue. PMID- 3233640 TI - Effect of chemical ablation of myenteric neurones on intestinal cell proliferation. AB - The duodenum or descending colon of male Wistar rats (average weight 60 g) was treated by a serosal application of a 0.2% solution of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) for 30 min. Control animals were treated with 0.9% (physiological) saline. The rats were allocated to four groups: Group DC (N = 8) in which the duodenum was treated with physiological saline; Group DB (N = 8) in which the duodenum was treated with BAC; Group CC (N = 7) in which the descending colon was treated with physiological saline and Group CB (N = 7) in which the descending colon was treated with BAC. After treatment, the animals were followed up for 5 months. At the end of the experiment, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with vincristine sulphate before sacrifice. Three segments were removed from the duodenum and descending colon for neuronal counting, catecholamine and serotonin measurements and morphokinetic studies of the epithelium. The following results were obtained: (1) there was a significant reduction in neurone number in the myenteric plexus of segments treated with BAC; (2) in the denervated intestinal segments, catecholamine levels were unchanged whereas serotonin levels were increased; (3) epithelial hyperplasia was observed in the denervated duodenum and descending colon; and (4) crypt cell production rate in the duodenum was similar in groups DC and DB but was significantly increased in the descending colon in group CB as compared with controls (CC). The present findings indicate that selective myenteric neuronal denervation caused by benzalkonium chloride plays a causative role in the hyperplasia and crypt cell production rate of the intestinal epithelium (duodenum and descending colon). These changes are probably induced by functional imbalance by the surviving neuronal elements in the gut, implicating neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, noradrenaline, serotonin, somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide. PMID- 3233641 TI - Acute and subacute effects of thiamine deficiency on the morphometry and cell kinetics of jejunal and ileal epithelial cells. AB - The effects of acute and subacute thiamine deficiency on jejunal and ileal epithelial cells were studied in rats, using crypt and villus cell population, crypt cell production per crypt (CCPC), crypt growth fraction (Ip) and crypt cell cycle time (Tc) as parameters. In acute thiamine deficiency there was marked jejunal hypoplasia of the crypt and villus, but in the ileum there was hypoplasia only of the crypt. The jejunal epithelium of the subacute thiamine deficiency (STD) group showed no morphometric changes. In contrast, in the ileal epithelium of STD rats there was decreased crypt depth and villus cell population. Thiamine deficiency had no significant effect on CCPC, Ip and Tc. PMID- 3233642 TI - Synchronized growth in human epidermis following tape-stripping: its implication for cell kinetic studies. AB - A recent investigation of the hyperproliferative activity of human epidermis following sellotape stripping showed a wave of cell divisions with a maximal percentage of cells in mid-S phase at about 39 h after stripping. Here we present a study over the period of 52-76 h following stripping, showing a second wave of cell divisions with a maximal percentage of cells in mid-S at about 63 h. This indicates an average cell cycle time of about 23 h. Human epidermis after tape stripping provides us with a useful model of synchronized growth, allowing us to study drug influences on cell kinetics accurately. PMID- 3233643 TI - Scoring mitotic activity in longitudinal sections of crypts of the small intestine. AB - Various counts have been made of the number of mitotic figures in whole crypts and sections of crypts of the small intestine of the mouse. Samples were analysed from animals killed at different times of the day and at different times after administration of vincristine. Measurements have been made of the size of mitotic and interphase nuclei and of the radial position of mitotic figures. The correction factor, f, which is required to take into account the enhancement of mitotic counts in sections as a consequence of their centripetal position has been investigated. The results indicate the following: (1) transverse sections of the crypt differ from longitudinal sections if they involve cutting the intestine before fixation which may result in a relaxation of the crypt and its widening by 25%; (2) columnar cell nuclei have a shape that resembles a sphere flattened so that the average diameter is 20% greater in crypt transverse sections; (3) mitotic nuclei tend to be about half-way between the crypt edge and the central axis of the crypt; (4) between about four and seven times more mitotic figures have their mitotic axis parallel to the long axis of the crypt; (5) about one third of all mitotic figures in a crypt are seen in a longitudinal section of the crypt. If this is related to the number of cells in the crypt as a whole and in a section, a correction factor fD for the mitotic index of 0.59 is obtained; (6) the correction factor fT derived from the shape and position of the mitotic figures measured in 3 microns longitudinal sections is 0.53; (7) relating cell cycle and mitotic accumulation data using a computer-based model of the crypt also permits a correction factor fmod to be estimated. This gives a value of 0.66. When sectioned material is used to calculate a mitotic index the most appropriate correction factor is fD; for mouse small intestine it is 0.59. PMID- 3233644 TI - Intestinal crypt proliferation. II. Computer modelling of mitotic index data provides further evidence for lateral and vertical cell migration in the absence of mitotic activity. AB - The position-dependent mitotic index before, and 1, 2 and 3 h after vincristine was scored. The accumulation of cells in mitosis leads to an increase in the mitotic index from 0.06 to 0.34 at crypt positions 8-12. Surprisingly, the leading edge of the position-related mitotic index distribution moves to higher crypt positions although cell division was stopped. In addition, the vertical clustering of mitotic figures in sections was recorded. The data were examined using a previously described computer crypt model. We conclude: the average mitotic phase duration is about 0.7 h (40 min) and varies little with cell position; the geometrical correction factor for overscoring mitoses in crypt sections is about 0.6-0.7 and adjacent cell columns can merge. Lateral cell displacement after mitosis, as predicted in a previous model analysis, would be a mechanism to counteract other forces that tend to reduce the crypt circumference. In the normal steady state merging and expansion processes would just balance each other. This would not follow if one mechanism was blocked. Thus we propose a new concept in which the crypt geometry would be dynamically determined by cell proliferative activity in connection with lateral positioning of new cells on one hand and contracting forces on the other hand. PMID- 3233645 TI - Tumour cell recruitment of the JB-1 and L 1210 ascites tumour determined directly by double labelling with [14C]- and [3H]-thymidine. AB - Tumour cell recruitment of the JB-1 and L 1210 ascites tumour has been demonstrated directly by a double-labelling method with [14C]- and [3H]-thymidine (TdR). After [14C]-labelling of all proliferating tumour cells by multiple injections of [14C]TdR, recruitment of resting cells was stimulated by removal of the majority of tumour cells, i.e. by maximum aspiration of ascitic fluid. The number of recruited resting cells in the remaining tumour that re-enter the cell cycle after stimulation was demonstrated directly by a single injection of [3H]TdR given at different times after stimulation. The increase in the percentage of purely [3H]-labelled cells, i.e. recruited cells, with increasing time after stimulation, shows that recruitment is not a synchronous but a continuous process, the maximum of which occurs earlier in the case of the L 1210 than the JB-1 tumour. This suggests that there seems to be a relationship between the time required for maximum recruitment and the corresponding cell cycle parameters of the unperturbed tumour. There is a transitory increase of the growth fraction to about 100% and a considerable shortening of the cycle time at the maximum of recruitment. PMID- 3233646 TI - Turnover and maturation kinetics in the hairless mouse epidermis. Continuous [3H]TdR labelling and mathematical model analyses. AB - Hairless mice were continuously labelled with 10 microCi of tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) every 4 h for 8 d, and the proportions of labelled basal and differentiating cells were recorded separately. The mitotic rate was measured by the stathmokinetic method and the cell cycle distributions were measured by flow cytometry of isolated basal cells at intervals during the labelling period. The mitotic rate of the [3H]TdR-injected animals did not deviate from control values during the first 5 d. Computer simulations of the data based on various mathematical models were made, and three main conclusions were obtained: (1) a large spread in transit times through the G1 phase was found, together with a very narrow distribution in maturation time of differentiating cells; (2) about 20% of the differentiating cells were estimated to leave the basal cell layer directly after mitosis. This is consistent with results obtained from different sets of data; and (3) during continuous labelling more than 90% of the cells are labelled during each passage through the S phase. PMID- 3233647 TI - Developmental study of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the neurohypophysis and intermediate lobe of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the development and distribution of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers in the neurohypophysis of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) throughout life and the relationship of these fibers to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vasculature. In rhesus monkeys, which varied in age from fetal life to 34 years, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers were present at all ages examined. In adult monkeys, varicose neuropeptide Y-labeled fibers were concentrated in the upper infundibular stem in association with capillary loops of the portal vasculature and the long portal vessels. Other fibers travelled down the infundibular stem and were distributed at the junction of the lower infundibular stem and infundibular process in the vicinity of the short portal vessels. In the infundibular process, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers were concentrated along the border of the intermediate lobe. Other stained fibers were sparsely distributed in the infundibular process and were often associated with small vessels. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactivity was also located in a few fibers and cells of the intermediate lobe. Very few labeled fibers were seen in the fetal neurohypophysis, but their number increased gradually during the first postnatal year. At two years of age, a high density of stained fibers was observed, especially in the infundibular process. The number of axons in the infundibular process was lower at 12 years and continued to decline until 34 years of age. Neuropeptide Y may modulate hormone release at these sites and may also be released directly into vessels in the infundibular process. The close association of neuropeptide Y-labeled fibers with capillaries of the portal vasculature strongly suggests that neuropeptide Y is released into the portal blood of monkeys throughout life and may influence hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland. PMID- 3233648 TI - Hypergastrinaemia induced by acid blockade evokes enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia in chicken, hamster and guinea-pig stomach. AB - Treatment of chickens, hamsters and guinea-pigs with large doses of the long acting antisecretory agent omeprazole for 10 weeks resulted in elevated serum gastrin levels and in increased stomach weight and mass of oxyntic mucosa. Also the antral gastrin cell density was increased. Another striking effect was the hyperplasia of the histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells - a prominent endocrine cell population with unknown function-in the oxyntic mucosa. Accordingly, the gastric mucosal histamine concentration and rate of histamine formation were increased in all three species. The results suggest that marked and long-lasting suppression of acid secretion leads to elevated serum gastrin levels and diffuse ECL cell hyperplasia not only in the rat, as previously seen, but also in the chicken, hamster and guinea-pig; this hyperplasia is associated with accelerated histamine formation in all three species. The following sequence of events is suggested to occur in mammalian as well as submammalian vertebrates: suppression of acid secretion - hypergastrinaemia - ECL cell hyperplasia. PMID- 3233649 TI - Specialized ependyma in the posterior mesencephalon of the chicken: the fine structure of the subtrochlear organ. AB - A formation of specialized ependymal cells in the posterior mesencephalon of the domestic fowl, designated as the subtrochlear organ, was examined with light-, scanning- and transmission electron microscopy. This organ possessing the form of the letter "V" is located in the ventricular wall of the posterior mesencephalon. Its apex marks the median sulcus, while the arms of the V are directed rostrolaterally. Ependymal cells lining the subtrochlear organ usually project an extremely elongated process into the subependymal region and are classified into three types according to their surface features: (1) cells with a bulb-shaped protrusion that projects into the ventricle, (2) single cilium-bearing cells, and (3) cells with a tuft of cilia. The first type of cell is restricted to the median portion of the subtrochlear organ; its bulb-shaped protrusion contains numerous ribosomes. The second type of cell predominates in the arm (rostrolateral) area; in its apical cytoplasm such ciliary structures as basal body are rarely seen. The third type of cell is usually assembled into several small islands on the arm area; it has many basal bodies and other ciliary structures in the apical cytoplasm. PMID- 3233650 TI - Immunohistochemical study of 5-HT-containing neurons in the teleost intestine: relationship to the presence of enterochromaffin cells. AB - The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique had shown 5-hydroxytryptamine containing enteric neurons in the intestine of the teleost Platycephalus bassensis, but did not reveal such neurons in the intestine of Tetractenos glaber or Anguilla australis. Re-examination of these animals with 5-hydroxytryptamine immunohistochemistry showed immunoreactive enteric neurons in the intestine of all three teleost species. The 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing enteric neurons showed essentially the same morphology in all species examined: the somata were situated in the myenteric plexus, extending down into the circular muscle layer, but none were found in the submucosa; processes were found in the myenteric plexus, the circular muscle layer and the lamina propria. It was concluded that the neurons may innervate the muscle layers or the mucosal epithelium, but were unlikely to be interneurons. In a range of teleosts, enterochromaffin cells were found in the intestine of only those species in which the formaldehyde technique did not visualize neuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine. Available evidence suggests that, in vertebrates, 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin cells are lacking only where there is an innervation of the gut mucosa by nerve fibres containing high concentrations of 5-HT. PMID- 3233651 TI - Shapes of nerve cells in the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig small intestine revealed by the intracellular injection of dye. AB - The shapes of myenteric neurons in the guinea-pig small intestine were determined after injecting living neurons with the dye Lucifer yellow via a microelectrode. The cells were fixed and the distribution of Lucifer yellow rendered permanent by an immunohistochemical method. Each of 204 nerve cells was examined in whole mount preparations of the myenteric plexus and drawn using a camera lucida at 1250 x magnification. Four cell shapes were distinguished: (1) neurons with several long processes corresponding to type II of Dogiel; (2) neurons with a single long process and lamellar dendrites corresponding to type I of Dogiel; (3) neurons with numerous filamentous dendrites; and (4) small neurons with few processes. About 15% of the neurons could not be placed into these classes or into any single class. The type II neurons (39% of the sample) had generally smooth somata and up to 7 (average 3.3) long processes, most of which ran circumferentially. Dogiel type I neurons (34% of sampled neurons) had characteristic lamellar dendrites, i.e., broad dendrites that were flattened in the plane of the plexus. The filamentous neurons (7% of the sample), had, on average, 14 fine processes up to about 50 microns in length. Small neurons with smooth outlines and a few fine processes made up 5% of the neurons encountered. We conclude that myenteric neurons that have been injected with dye can be separated into morphologically distinct classes and that the different morphological classes probably correspond to different functional groupings of neurons. PMID- 3233652 TI - Intercellular junctions in the gill epithelium of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa. AB - The intramembrane organization of the occluding junctions in the gill epithelium of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa, was studied by means of freeze fracture electron microscopy. Mitochondria-rich cells, characterized by assemblies of rod-shaped particles in the luminal plasma membrane and by an extensive intracellular amplification of the basolateral plasma membrane, are singly distributed between the pavement cells in the gill epithelium of this marine and stenohaline cyclostome. The occluding junctions between mitochondria rich cells and pavement cells do not differ from those between adjacent pavement cells, concerning the number of superimposed strands (median 6, range 4-9) and their geometrical organization. These observations suggest that, in contrast to marine teleosts, the paracellular pathway plays a minor role in transepithelial ion movements in the hagfish gill epithelium. The findings are in agreement with the absence of hypoosmoregulatory mechanisms in hagfish, as have been evolved in various marine vertebrates. In addition, small communicating junctions are demonstrated between pavement cells; they possibly serve for a coordinated synthesis and secretion of mucus by the pavement cells. PMID- 3233653 TI - Monoclonal antibody C1B8A8 recognizes a ventricular secretory product elaborated in the bovine subcommissural organ. AB - To obtain specific immunological probes for investigation of the cellular and molecular aspects of the subcommissural organ (SCO), we produced monoclonal antibodies directed against extracts from the bovine SCO. An hybridoma cell line (C1A8B8) was isolated by screening the culture media by means of the immunofluorescence method. This clone produces an IgG1 that recognizes the ventricular secretory material of the SCO including Reissner's fiber. A competition test using C1B8A8 immunoglobulin and lectins (concanavalin A and wheat-germ agglutinin) was applied to demonstrate that both the immature and mature forms of the glycoprotein were recognized. This antibody will offer a good tool for immunocytochemical localization and immunoaffinity purification of the antigen and for isolation of cDNA clones encoding it. PMID- 3233654 TI - Subcellular distribution of laminin and prolactin in stimulated and blocked prolactin cells in the pituitary of lactating rats. AB - Laminin (LAM), a glycoprotein component of basement membranes, has been previously detected within several subcellular compartments of prolactin (PRL) cells in the pituitary gland. The present work was aimed at comparing the subcellular localization of PRL, a specific secretory product, with that of LAM, in relation to the secretory activity of PRL cells. LAM and PRL were located in parallel, by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, in PRL cells of lactating female Wistar rats, either stimulated by suckling, or blocked by weaning, or reactivated by suckle following short-term weaning. Variations in physiological conditions were correlated with a redistribution of PRL immunoreactivity within morphologically modified compartments. The Golgi apparatus became hypertrophied, and PRL impressively accumulated within saccules of the Golgi stacks of blocked cells. On the contrary, no apparent changes occurred in LAM distribution, at least at the Golgi level. Only a slight increase of LAM immunoreactivity was observed in rough endoplasmic reticulum after a long weaning period. PRL could be detected in most of the secretory granules and particularly in forming elements, whereas LAM was observable at the peripheral edge of some mature granules. Such a labeling was not markedly influenced by the physiological state. The prominent structures, indicative of crinophagic activity, characteristic of blocked cells, contained masses of dense material, which were always immunopositive with antibodies to PRL, but never to LAM. These observations could suggest that, in PRL cells, intracellular transport and exportation of LAM are controlled by mechanisms independent from those involved in the regulation of PRL secretion. PMID- 3233655 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of calbindin-D 28K (CABP28K) in the spinal cord motoneurons of teleost fish. AB - The distribution and localization of the calcium-binding protein, calbindin-D 28K (CaBP28K), in the spinal cord motoneurons of larvae of the teleost fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus (Gymnotidae) and Pollimyrus isidori (Mormyridae), and in the adult goldfish, Carassius auratus (Cyprinidae), were determined by means of immunohistochemistry. Sections of whole larvae and goldfish spinal cord were reacted with a polyclonal antibody to rat renal CaBP28K. CaBP28K was located by the PAP technique (Sternberger). It was found in the soma, dendrites, axons and axon terminals of spinal motoneurons but not in those of electromotoneurons of Apteronotus leptorhynchus, whereas it occurred in both motoneurons and electromotoneurons of the larval electric organ of Pollimyrus isidori. In these species CaBP28K was also present in the electromotoneuron axon terminals that make synaptic contacts with the pedicles of the electrocytes. In adult Carassius auratus, CaBP28K was found in the soma, dendrites and axons of certain spinal motoneurons. The results indicate that, in teleosts, the motoneurons containing CaBP28K may represent a well-defined population within the spinal cord; the role of this protein in these cells remains to be determined. PMID- 3233656 TI - Differentiation of vascular pseudointima under normal and disturbed blood flow conditions: ultrastructural observations in the rat. AB - To study the effect of haemodynamic stress on the morphological differentiation of pseudointima, the ultrastructure of the cells lining normally shaped and aneurysmal polyurethane vascular prostheses implanted into the abdominal aorta of rats was examined. In the normally shaped vascular prostheses the pseudointima was composed of several layers of smooth muscle cells, which varied in differentiation from normal smooth muscle cells to myofibroblasts, and which were lined by a continuous sheet of endothelial cells. In the aneurysmal vascular prostheses, a pseudointima, composed of only layers of smooth muscle cells had developed. Those smooth muscle cells which lined the lumen had a typical morphology: they were polygonal, flat cells of unequal size, with a distinct organelle-free zone, containing myofilaments, at the luminal peripheral cytoplasmic side. The other smooth muscle cells varied in differentiation from normal smooth muscle cells to myofibroblasts. Under severe haemodynamic stresses, such as occur in the aneurysmal vascular prostheses, the regeneration of endothelial cells is impaired and smooth muscle cells undergo morphological changes to form a pseudoendothelial lining. PMID- 3233657 TI - Relationship between enamel formation and eruption rate in rat mandibular incisors. AB - The relationship between the formation of dental enamel and tooth eruption was investigated. Rat mandibular incisor eruption rate was accelerated by maintaining incisors out of occlusion. Rate of eruption, enamel thickness, secretory zone length and matrix breakdown were measured. Eruption rate increased by 120% in experimental teeth but enamel secretion increased by only 90%. There were no obvious differences between control and experimental teeth in final enamel thickness or in the molecular weight distribution of the enamel matrix proteins. PMID- 3233660 TI - [Silastic middle ear prosthesis]. PMID- 3233659 TI - [The role of the medical society in the field of medical education]. PMID- 3233658 TI - Formation of a new fibrous attachment to human dental roots. A new vitro model for studying periodontal regeneration. AB - This study was performed to improve currently employed in vitro models for the study of periodontal regeneration by using a porous filter upon which periodontal ligament cells were grown. Periodontal ligament cells were harvested and 0.3 mm root discs cut from three partially erupted and extracted third molar teeth of one patient. Experimental culturing was performed by seeding periodontal ligament cell suspensions on Puropor-200 filters supported by wire-mesh grids in Grobstein Petri dishes. The following day, an interdental space of 0.1 to 0.3 mm was created by gently placing two dental root discs upon the filter. Cultures were terminated after 42, 56, 112 and 124 days, and processed for light- and electron microscopy. Collagen fibril diameters were measured. Adjacent and often attached to large areas of cementum-lined root discs, a dense fiber fringe developed. This fiber fringe was not found on dentin-lined root discs. Although less organized, older cultures demonstrated a similar disc-culture interface, which depended upon the presence or absence of original root cementum. Collagen fibrils of early cultures had a mean diameter of about 42 nm, while in older cultures the diameters ranged from 47 to 68 nm. It is concluded that the fibrous matrix attached to cementum-lined root discs somewhat resembles the initial stages of the formation of dental root cementum in vivo. PMID- 3233661 TI - [Indications for and results of the technic of suspending the piston from the manubrium]. PMID- 3233662 TI - [Preventive stabilizing examinations in workers in the Czechoslovak Uranium Industry Enterprise]. PMID- 3233663 TI - [Comparison of the results of examinations using a water probe and tympanometry in conductive hearing loss]. PMID- 3233664 TI - [The mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in children]. PMID- 3233665 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the paranasal sinuses in workers in the wood-processing industry]. PMID- 3233666 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux and its relation to diseases in childhood]. PMID- 3233667 TI - [Vasoactive drugs in the treatment of inner ear disorders]. PMID- 3233668 TI - [Carbocysteine in the treatment of secretory tubotympanic catarrh in childhood]. PMID- 3233669 TI - [Psychosocial problems of patients after modern treatment of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 3233670 TI - Laboratory report of Chlamydia trachomatis infections recorded in a sexually transmitted disease clinic, 1977-1986--Quebec. PMID- 3233672 TI - Chancroid outbreak--Winnipeg, Manitoba. PMID- 3233671 TI - A case of chlamydial septicemia--Quebec. PMID- 3233673 TI - AIDS surveillance--worldwide. PMID- 3233674 TI - Antigenic variation of recent influenza A(H3N2) viruses. PMID- 3233675 TI - Influenza activity--Canada, 1987-88 season. PMID- 3233677 TI - Tuberculosis in Canada--1986. PMID- 3233676 TI - A summary of influenza activity in Canada--1986-1987 season. PMID- 3233678 TI - Tuberculosis, final data--United States, 1986. PMID- 3233679 TI - Imported case of Bannwarth's syndrome (chronic lymphocytic meningoradiculitis or Lyme meningitis). PMID- 3233680 TI - Lyme disease--Connecticut. PMID- 3233681 TI - Sexually transmitted disease in Canada. 1986. PMID- 3233682 TI - [Sexually transmitted diseases in Canada. 1986]. PMID- 3233683 TI - 1988 Canadian guidelines for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in neonates, children, adolescents and adults. PMID- 3233684 TI - [Measurement of adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 3233686 TI - [A 5 to 10-year follow-up of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 3233685 TI - [Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with orally administered aminophylline]. PMID- 3233687 TI - [The role of vagal reflex on adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma]. PMID- 3233688 TI - [Bronchofibroscopy of cavitary pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 3233689 TI - Are spontaneous conformational interconversions a molecular basis for long-period oscillations in enzyme activity? AB - An unconventional hypothesis to the molecular basis of enzyme rhythms is that the intrinsic physical instability of the protein molecules which, in an aqueous medium, tend to move continuously from one conformational state to another could lead, in the population of enzyme molecules, to sizeable long-period oscillations in affinity for substrate and sensitivity to ligands and regulatory effects. To investigate this hypothesis, malate dehydrogenase was extracted and purified from leaves of the plant Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. The enzyme solutions were maintained under constant conditions and sampled at regular intervals for up to 40 or 70 h for measurements of activity as a function of substrate concentration, Km for oxaloacetic acid and sensitivity to the action of 2,3-butanedione, a modifier of active site arginyl residues. The results show that continuous slow oscillations in the catalytic capacity of the enzyme occur in all the extracts checked, together with fluctuations in Km. Apparent circadian periodicities were observed in accordance with previous data established during long run (100 h) experiments. The saturation curves for substrate showed multiple kinetic functions, with various pronounced intermediary plateaus and "bumps" depending on the time of sampling. Variation in the response to the effect of butanedione indicated fluctuation in the accessibility to the active site. Taken together, the results suggest that, under constant conditions, the enzyme in solution shifts continuously and reversibly between different configurations. This was confirmed by parallel studies on the proton-NMR spectrum of water aggregates in the enzyme solution and proton exchange rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233690 TI - Seasonal and daily variations in hypothalamic monoamine levels and monoamine oxidase activity in the teleost Channa punctatus (Bloch). AB - In Channa punctatus, a significant daily variation in hypothalamic 5-HT level and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was noticed in preparatory phase (February), but not in prespawning (May) or postspawning (November) phases. Hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA), on the other hand, showed marked daily variation in their levels during all the three seasons with peak values in the photophase. The overall activity of MAO (mean +/- SEM on 24-hr period) increased from November to May through February, whereas the 5-HT content which was high in November decreased during February and May. The NA and DA levels were low in November and February and high in May. The catecholamine (CA) content and MAO activity increased with increasing photoperiod and temperature which is indicative of an enhanced CA metabolism. PMID- 3233691 TI - Circadian variation in the uptake of tryptophan by cortical synaptosomes of the rat brain. AB - The kinetics of the high affinity uptake system for L-tryptophan (L-Try) have been measured over 24 hr in cortical synaptosome preparations of rat brain. Both the Km and Vmax of the uptake process showed a statistically significant 24 hr variation. The highest Km value, 6.71 X 10(-5) M, was measured at the beginning of the light phase and the lowest value, 4.23 X 10(-5) M, 6 hr into the dark phase. Vmax was highest at the end of the dark phase (10.43 nmol/mg/5 min) and lowest (4.80 nmol/mg/5 min) 3 hr into the dark phase. In contrast, there was no variation over 24 hr in the Vmax/Km ratio. These results suggest that the high affinity uptake process serves to ensure a constant rate of L-tryptophan entry into the neuron in the face of circadian or ultradian variations in extracellular concentration of tryptophan. PMID- 3233692 TI - Effect of pituitary graft-induced hyperprolactinemia on adrenal circadian rhythmicity. AB - Prolactin is involved in the regulation of several endocrine functions. In this study, the possible influence of hyperprolactinemia on circadian corticosterone secretion has been investigated. Pituitary grafted male and female rats exhibited increased plasma PRL levels at 1000 when compared to sham-operated controls. This increase was only maintained over the 24 h period in grafted female rats but not in males, thus suggesting a different sex dependent modification of the regulatory mechanisms of prolactin. The corticosterone secretion pattern in sham operated male and female rats was similar to those described earlier but was altered by hyperprolactinemia according to the sex of the animal. There was a significant decrease in the total amount of corticosterone secreted in a 24 h period in grafted males as compared to control animals, whereas no significant differences were observed in grafted female rats as compared to controls. Grafted females showed a 4 h delay in the 24 h secretion rhythm as compared to control animals. These data suggest that pituitary transplant induced hyperprolactinemia, directly or through modifications in catecholamine turnover, is able to modify adrenal rhythmicity. PMID- 3233693 TI - Nycthemeral changes in plasma cortisol levels in preruminant calves with different milk proteins. AB - Preruminant calves bearing indwelling catheters in the hepatic artery, the portal and the hepatic veins were fed with two kinds of diets, a conventional curdled milk diet and a milk diet which was uncurdled in the abomasum. Measurements of plasma cortisol in blood sampled regularly during the 24 hr of the day indicated that with curdled milk, cortisol concentrations were significantly higher than with uncurdled milk. Nycthemeral changes were characterized by high values before meals and by postprandial decreases. Between meals, several peak values were observed and in the night a regular increase occurred. With both kinds of meals, cortisol evolutions were similar though peak values were higher with the curdled milk. PMID- 3233694 TI - Circadian rhythm of liver parameters (cellular structures, mitotic activity, glycogen and lipids in liver and serum) during three consecutive cycles in phenobarbital-treated rats. AB - The circadian rhythm of gastric content, serum alkaline phosphatase (alk.P.), serum lipids, body weight (wt), relative (rel.) liver wt, cellular structures (by light- and electron-microscopy), mitotic activity of hepatocytes, glycogen content, protein and lipids in liver was studied in 180 male Sprague-Dawley rats orally treated at 0830-1030 with 50 mg/kg phenobarbital (PB) for 7 days. Thereafter, five PB-treated males and five controls each were studied at 4-hr intervals at 0600, 1000, 1400, 1800, 2200 and 0200 on 3 consecutive days. The lighting schedule in the colony was 12:12 = light/dark (light from 0600 to 1800). Following the rhythm of gastric emptying, the rel. liver wt showed a clear circadian rhythm with a peak at 0800. The rel. liver wt was raised in PB-treated rats at all times of the day. The circadian rhythm of cellular structures was closely related to the hepatic glycogen content which exhibited a clear rhythm with the peak also at 0800, but lowered values were found in PB-treated rats. The mitotic activity of hepatocytes was significantly increased in PB-treated rats but displayed the same circadian rhythm as controls with peaks at noon and troughs at midnight. The well-known hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in PB-treated rats was not found at 0600, but was fully developed at 1400 and 2200. PB-treatment increased significantly the liver content of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. Liver cholesterol showed a clear circadian rhythm with peaks at 1800. No rhythm of liver protein, triglycerides and phospholipids was observed. In serum, levels of cholesterol were significantly elevated, those of triglycerides and alk.P. significantly lowered, while those of phospholipids were not affected by the treatment. The three serum lipids, alk.P. and beta-lipoprotein exhibited a clear circadian rhythm, while serum glucose and non-esterified fatty acids did not. PMID- 3233695 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolites and their circadian rhythm in patients with allergic bronchial asthma. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate circadian variation in concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in relation to the circadian pattern in bronchial patency. Blood samples were obtained at 4-hr intervals from 2000 of 1 day until 1400 of the next from 12 diurnally active asthmatic and six diurnally active non-asthmatic patients. Bloods were analyzed for the prostanoids thromboxane A2 (measured as stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF1a), PGE2 and PGF2a. Airways patency was assessed by self-measurement of peak expiratory flow (PEF). In asthmatics, circadian variation was detected in PEF as well as PGE2 and TXB2. The circadian trough of the PEF rhythm closely coincided with the circadian peak of the PGE2 and TXB2 rhythms. In the controls, the PEF was not circadian rhythmic. Of the AA metabolites only 6-keto-PGF1a exhibited 24-hr bioperiodicity in the controls. The controls exhibited a significantly higher circadian mean of PEF (P less than 0.001), while the asthmatics had a lower 24-hr average PGE2 but greater mean TXB2/PGE2 ratio. The obstructive effect caused by the overall 24-hr deficiency of PGE2 in asthmatics is possibly amplified by the increased of TXB2 during the early morning hours. This dissociation of the temporal patterns in TXB2 and PGE2 levels over the 24 hr is discussed as a characteristic finding for asthmatics. PMID- 3233696 TI - Diurnal variation in the symptoms of colds and influenza. AB - The present research examined diurnal variation in the severity of symptoms of experimentally-induced colds and influenza. Nasal secretion was greatest in the morning, decreased over the day, and then showed a slight increase in the late evening. Colds did not change the average temperature, nor did they alter the temperature rhythm. Similar, negative results were found with alertness ratings. Influenza B illnesses produced an increase in nasal secretion and systemic effects. The average temperature increased during this illness and subjects reported that they felt more drowsy. Diurnal variation in the severity of local and central symptoms was observed, with nasal secretion and the temperature increase being greatest in the early morning. These results have important implications for the assessment and treatment of the illnesses. PMID- 3233697 TI - Physical fitness and other individual factors relating to the shiftwork tolerance of women. AB - Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), muscle strength (MS) and physical activity were compared to age, shiftwork experience, morningness, personality traits and social factors intervening in the shiftwork tolerance of 128 women. The subjects were nurses and nursing aids working irregular shifts in a hospital. Neuroticism was the most powerful negative factor connected to higher fatigue and various symptoms of the subjects. High VO2max and good MS were, on the other hand, the most important positive factors connected to lower fatigue and musculoskeletal symptoms and better sleep quality of the subjects. In different shifts, fatigue, sleep length and quality were influenced most by morningness. It is concluded that physical fitness is an important individual factor explaining the variations of shiftwork tolerance in women. PMID- 3233699 TI - An example of circular statistics in chronobiological studies: analysis of polymorphism in the emergence rhythms of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. AB - Chronobiological data concerning the emergence rhythms of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae were transformed into circular variables and analysed using circular statistics. The method proposed allowed three chronobiological patterns to be distinguished for the parasite populations studied, and statistical tests for the homogeneity of samples in each group and the significant differences between groups were also carried out. PMID- 3233698 TI - Effects of work and circadian rhythm on bus drivers' oral temperature. AB - The results described in this paper originate from a research project aiming at the development of a useful measuring instrument which can demonstrate the effect of work and work circumstances on the task performer. Among other physiological (and psychometric) variables, oral temperature data were obtained from eight younger and eight older bus drivers working in various shifts. Measurements were performed in an experimental design under standardized conditions in a mobile laboratory before starting, during some rest intervals, and after finishing work. The same measurements were performed on the bus drivers in a control condition at corresponding times on a day off. The results indicated that only during the working days a temperature pattern could be detected resembling the data found in the literature (low in the morning, a maximum in the late afternoon, then a decline). No clear pattern was discernible on work-free days. On working days the mean oral temperature values were significantly higher at corresponding hours of the day. Upward deviations of the temperature pattern were found before starting work (but also at the beginning of the day off), while lower values were obtained after finishing work (especially in the shifts starting in the morning). These results might be interpreted in terms of interaction between circadian rhythm and activating and de-activating tendencies connected with (structured) daily activities. PMID- 3233700 TI - Cryptosporidium associated childhood diarrhoea in Sri Lanka--a preliminary study. PMID- 3233701 TI - Winnowing-fan injuries in Polonnaruwa. PMID- 3233702 TI - Ethics in human research. PMID- 3233703 TI - Recombinant DNA technology and hereditary coagulation disorders. PMID- 3233704 TI - Tuberculosis of the skin in Sri Lanka. PMID- 3233705 TI - Role of peptide structure in lipid-peptide interactions: nuclear magnetic resonance study of the interaction of pentagastrin and [Arg4]pentagastrin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. AB - Complexes formed between dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and the peptide pentagastrin or [Arg4]pentagastrin were examined by 31P- and 2H-NMR. The cationic [Arg4]pentagastrin produces larger changes in the lipid NMR spectra than does the anionic pentagastrin. 31P-NMR spectra of DMPC with [Arg4]pentagastrin below the phase transition exhibits two components one of which is motionally restricted compared with the pure lipid. The exchange between these two lipid domains is slow on the millisecond time scale. The interactions between this peptide and phospholipid are diminished above the melting temperature of the complex. The 2H NMR spectra of DMPC which had been labelled in a choline methylene group is also affected more by the [Arg4]pentagastrin than by pentagastrin. In the presence of [Arg4]pentagastrin, even above the lipid phase transition, an additional doublet with a smaller quadrupole splitting is observed. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of peptide charge in determining the effects of peptides on lipid bilayers. PMID- 3233706 TI - Interaction of 1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulfonic acid with interfaces containing cerebrosides, sulfatides and gangliosides. AB - The fluorescence lifetime, quantum yield and emission spectra of 1 anilinonaphthalene 8-sulfonic acid (ANS) associated with interfaces of pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or its mixtures with phosphatidylserine, galactosylceramide, sulfatide or gangliosides GM1 and GD1a were studied at low and high ionic strength. Modification of the molecular organization of the lipid interfaces in the presence of the probe was also studied with mixed lipid monolayers. ANS has little affect on the intermolecular packing of the lipids but influences their surface potential, consistent with a location of ANS in the polar head group region of the interface. ANS senses a more polar microenvironment when associated with interfaces containing anionic glycosphingolipids at low ionic strength but, except for interfaces containing phosphatidylserine, it detects approximately the same polarity for neutral or anionic interfaces in 0.25 M NaCl. PMID- 3233707 TI - Stereospecific 1,4-addition to an alpha,beta-unsaturated steroidal epoxide: syntheses of new 15-oxygenated sterols. AB - 3 beta-Benzoyloxy-14 alpha,15 alpha-epoxy-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene (1) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of C-7 and C-15 oxygenated sterols. Treatment of 1 with benzoyl chloride resulted in the formation of 3 beta,15 alpha-bis-benzoyloxy 7 alpha-chloro-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene (2). Reaction of 2 with LiAlH4 or LiAlD4 resulted in the formation of 5 alpha-cholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol (3a) or [14 alpha-2H]5 alpha-cholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol (3b). Diol 3b was selectively oxidized by Ag2CO3/celite to [14 alpha-2H]5 alpha-cholest-7-en-15 alpha-ol-3-one (4). Treatment of 1 with MeMgI/CuI gave 7 alpha-methyl-5 alpha cholest-8(14)-ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol (5). Selective oxidation of 5 with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC)/pyridine or oxidation with PCC resulted in the formation of 7 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one (6) and 7 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-3,15-dione, respectively. Reduction of 6 with LiAlH4 yielded 5 and 7 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-3 beta,15 beta diol (6). Reaction of 1 with benzoic acid/pyridine gave 3 beta,7 alpha-bis benzoyloxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-15 alpha-ol (9). Treatment of 9 with LiAlH4 or ethanolic KOH resulted in the formation of 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-3 beta,7 alpha,15 alpha-triol (10). Dibenzoate 9, upon brief treatment with mineral acid, gave 3 beta-benzoyloxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-15-one (11). Oxidation of 9 with PCC yielded 3 beta,7 alpha-bis-benzoyloxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-15-one (12). Ketone 12 was also prepared by the selective hydride reduction of 5 alpha-cholest 8(14)-en-7 alpha-ol-3,15-dione (13) to give 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-3 beta,7 alpha-diol-15-one (14), which was then treated with benzoyl chloride to produce 12. PMID- 3233708 TI - Studies on peroxidation of arachidonic acid in different liposomes below and above phase transition temperature. AB - The mechanism of Fe-induced peroxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) in small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) was studied below and above gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature (Tm). In both liposomes the AA peroxidation resulted higher in the temperature range below Tm, but the extent of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) formation was dramatically lower in DPPE vesicles when compared with corresponding DPPC liposomes. A possible explanation for this is discussed. PMID- 3233709 TI - Complete 1H-NMR spectral assignments for globotriaosyl-Z- and isoglobotriaosyl-E ceramide. AB - Two-dimensional scalar-correlated (COSY) 1H-NMR spectra of the title compounds, and phase-sensitive COSY spectrum of lactosylceramide, have been fully assigned and some spectral reassignments for related structures suggested. Glycosylation induced shifts, and shielding by Z- and E-ceramide residues are discussed. PMID- 3233710 TI - Structure of polymerizable lipid bilayers. I--1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine, a tubule-forming phosphatidylcholine. AB - This report presents the first X-ray diffraction data on diacetylenic phospholipids. The tubule-forming polymerizable lipid, 1,2-bis(10,12 tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC8,9PC), was studied by low angle X ray diffraction from partially dehydrated oriented multibilayers in both polymerized and unpolymerized form. Bilayers of this material were found to be highly ordered, yielding as many as 16 orders of lamellar diffraction, in both the polymerized and unpolymerized states. The unit cell dimension was very small for a lipid of this size. In addition to the features usually observed in the electron density profile structure of phospholipid bilayers, the electron-dense diacetylenic portions of the fatty acyl chain produced electron density maxima at two well-defined levels on each side of the bilayer approximately 15 A and 9 A from the bilayer midplane. A model molecular conformation deduced from the one dimensional electron density map features all-trans acyl chains tilted at approximately 28 degrees from the bilayer normal that are interdigitated with chains of the opposing monolayer by approximately two carbons at the bilayer center. The linear diacetylene moieties on beta- and gamma-chains appear at different positions along the bilayer normal axis and are roughly parallel to the bilayer surface. This model is discussed in terms of a polymerization mechanism. PMID- 3233711 TI - A biophysical mechanism by which plasma proteins inhibit lung surfactant activity. AB - These in vitro experiments study a potential mechanism by which plasma proteins, found in the alveoli during pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, may act to inhibit the surface activity of pulmonary surfactant. The results indicate that the inhibition of the adsorption facility and surface tension lowering ability of a calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE) by albumin, hemoglobin, or fibrinogen may be completely abolished by centrifugation of the protein-surfactant mixture at 12,500 x g. Furthermore, albumin, hemoglobin and fibrinogen (1.25 mg/ml) were shown to inhibit the adsorption of high concentrations of CLSE (0.32 mg/ml), normally unaffected by the addition of exogenous proteins, when the CLSE was injected into the subphase under a preformed protein surface film. Similarly, injection of large amounts of these proteins (2.5 mg/ml) into the subphase beneath a preformed CLSE surface film was without effect, even though the CLSE concentration was only 0.06 mg/ml, a surfactant concentration which is normally inhibited by even small amounts of exogenous protein. Taken together, the data suggest that some proteins may inhibit surfactant function by preventing the surfactant phospholipids from adsorbing to the air-liquid interface, possibly by a competition between the proteins and CLSE phospholipids for space at the air liquid interface rather than direct molecular interactions between proteins and surfactant. PMID- 3233712 TI - Lipid phase transitions in membranes involving intrinsic periodic curvature. AB - A conformation of the lipid bilayer of membranes is proposed, with periodic curvature corresponding to the minimal surface structure of cubic lipid phases. Evidence is given indicating that activities of lipid synthesis/modification enzymes embedded in the membrane are controlled by the lateral "packing pressure", so that the lipid bilayer is close to a transition from the lamellar (L alpha) type of conformation to this periodically curved conformation. Such a phase transition mechanism is assumed to be involved in numerous cooperative membrane functions. PMID- 3233713 TI - Syntheses and properties of circular dichroism active phospholipids. AB - A group of circular dichroism (CD) active phospholipids has been synthesised, in which one or both acyl chains has been replaced with a cinnamoyl or azobenzene chromophore-containing acid. Studies on the structure, CD activity and thermodynamic property of liposome membranes composed of CD active phospholipids were carried out. CD active liposomes were found to be stable, normal liposomes of approximately 550 A diameter based on the electron micrograph and dynamic light scattering, and to have thermodynamic property similar to the conventional phospholipid membranes without serious perturbation by aromatic bulk groups based on DSC. Liposomes composed of phospholipid having two trans-azobenzene chromophores showed an extremely large CD enhancement even well above Tc. This CD enhancement was drastically changed by the presence of cis-azobenzene chromophore and cis-cis isomer content after irradiation was higher than the theoretical value, suggesting the importance of interchromophore interaction in the liposome membranes. PMID- 3233714 TI - Surface respreading after collapse of monolayers containing major lipids of pulmonary surfactant. AB - Isotherms have been obtained near 37 degrees C for a series of repetitive compressions and expansions of monolayers that contain major components of lung surfactant. The minimum surface tension or maximum surface pressure which could be achieved under conditions of dynamic compression, and the rate of return of lipid from excluded phase to the monolayers were measured. Monolayers of pure 1,2 dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), or of DPPC plus 10 or 30 mol% of the calcium salt of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-glycerol (POPG) (POPG-Ca) achieved very high surface pressures or low surface tensions (near 0 mN m-1), but they showed no return of material from the collapse phases under the test conditions. Monolayers of POPG-Ca alone collapsed at relatively low surface pressures (high surface tensions), but showed good return of material from the collapse phase into the monolayer. Monolayers containing more complex mixtures of lipids (DPPC, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), unsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (chol] in ratios similar to those found in surfactant achieved minimum surface tensions intermediate between those of monolayers with less complex compositions. These more complex mixtures showed a better rate of return of lipids from the collapse phases to the monolayer than did simple DPPC-POPG mixtures. 31P-NMR and differential scanning calorimetric investigations of the mixture DPPC/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(POPC)/POP G/DPPG/chol (10:4:2:1:3) showed that in the bulk phase at 37 degrees C, it was in bilayers in the liquid-crystalline state. PMID- 3233715 TI - Effect of monovalent cations on polyvalent cation-induced fusion of phosphatidylserine small unilamellar vesicles. AB - Fluorescence internal contents mixing assay was used to monitor the fusion of phosphatidylserine (PS) small unilamellar vesicles, initiated by metal ions (Ca2+, La3+ and Tb3+), at various concentrations of monovalent cations (Li+, Na+ and K+). The influence of ionic strength (0.02-1.0 M) on the threshold concentration of "fusogenic" cations required to induce fusion was measured. The threshold concentrations increased monotonically (1 mM at 0.1 M to 3.1 mM at 1 M) with the increasing ionic strength of the solution for Ca2+, but remained unchanged for both La3+ and Tb3+. Changes in the ionic strength of the encapsulated solution did not alter the threshold concentrations for all the ions studied, in the range 0.02-0.3 M. The results are analyzed in terms of competitive binding between the monovalent ions and the "fusogenic" ions (Ca2+, Tb3+ and La3+). It is shown that there is a critical value for calcium bound-PS, below which no massive fusion occurs. Bound and free fractions of PS are calculated based on the Gouy-Chapman model, taking activities rather than concentrations of metal ions into account. Our experiments also show that monovalent ions alone do not induce fusion even at high concentrations. PMID- 3233716 TI - Immediate reconstruction following resection of oral cancer with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. AB - During the past five years (August 1981 to March 1986), we applied 44 pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps (PM-MC flaps) for the purpose of intraoral and extraoral reconstruction following surgery in 43 cases of oral cancer. Out of a total 44 flaps, 30 flaps resulted in complete survival and 13 flaps resulted in partial necrosis, while complete necrosis occurred in only one flap. In addition, we used the iliac bone graft with the PM-MC flaps on five patients in order to reconstruct the mandible, but two cases failed. We also used replantation of the lower margin of the mandible on five patients, and all were satisfactory. In 26 living patients, all but one had no dysphasia. About more than a half of them had moderate or severe dysfunction of chewing. We were able to make prosthesis for five out of 26 living patients as recorded till today. We have to think about how to fashion functionable dentures on severe cases postoperatively. The results of our experiences show that the PM-MC flaps provide a simple, reliable and versatile method of primary reconstruction on patients with oral cancer. PMID- 3233717 TI - Dental survey in Nigeria. Part 4. Prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases. AB - Six hundred and seventy-three school children from the age of 3 to 20 living in the urban and the rural areas of Nigeria were examined by the Joint Dental Epidemiological Survey in 1986. The survey was funded by the Grant-in-Aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, and was conducted by both the Japanese survey team and the staff from the University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The periodontal state of the children was evaluated according to the Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) by WHO (1). The prevalence of periodontal diseases was found to be 84.2% within the sample with a high occurrence of gingivitis and heavy deposits of calculus. However, there was little evidence of damage to the periodontal tissues. This can be attributed to the nature of their diet. The results suggested that there would be an increasing need for well-planned and organized public educational programs for the Nigerian children to promote better oral hygiene coupled with parental involvement in the prevention at home. PMID- 3233718 TI - Progression of aortic stenosis in the elderly detected by noninvasive methods. AB - One hundred eighty consecutive male patients, mean age of 64.6 years, who were referred to cardiac catheterization for the evaluation of aortic stenosis (AS), were studied using a noninvasive scoring system. The system is based upon 7 variables including: 1) LVH by ECG, 2) aortic valve calcium by chest x-ray, 3) loudness of A2, 4) Q to peak of murmur, 5) T time of the carotid pulse, 6) LV ejection time and 7) LVH by echocardiography. The scoring system has a range from 0 to 16, and a score greater than or equal to 5 indicates severe AS (valve area less than or equal to 1.0 cm2). Eighteen patients had hemodynamic studies on two occasions. In 3 years progression of stenosis was evident by an increase in the mean aortic valve gradient from 23 +/- 3.4 mmHg to 44 +/- 4.2 mmHg (p less than 0.005). The aortic valve area decreased from 1.4 +/- 0.1 cm2 to 0.76 +/- 0.07 cm2 (p less than 0.005). Noninvasive scores increased in these patients from 2.1 +/- 0.5 to 7.6 +/- 1.0 (p less than 0.005). Fifty-one patients had repeated noninvasive studies. Twenty-two patients, who had mild AS at the initial evaluation, attained a score of greater than or equal to 5 in 3 years, indicating probable progression to severe AS. The mean initial score was 2.3 +/- 0.4, and the score at the end of the mean follow-up period of 3 years was 8.0 +/- 0.6 (p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233719 TI - Sociocultural and psychopathological study on depressive disorders among Japanese. AB - In order to find out whether there is a change in depression itself besides the increase of depression, we made a research by two methods. The first method is what we can call a statistical method, and here we made a comparative examination of the symptoms of depression having different sociocultural backgrounds by examining 114 cases of depression in Tokyo and 108 in Nagasaki. By the second method we divided the 24 cases of depression in Tokyo into two groups, "patients grown up during the prewar period" and "patients grown up during the postwar period", according to the date of their birth, and analyzed the precipitating factors (life events) of depression and psychopathology. As a result, we can infer that while the depression in Tokyo is of an urban type, the depression in Nagasaki is of a classical type, and as for the life events, "patients grown up during the prewar period" tend to be involved in the family/household and social network events whereas "patients grown up during the postwar period" tend to be involved in the personal and livelihood events, and here we can observe a significant statistical difference between the two groups. Furthermore, we found out that the life events of the "patients grown up during the postwar period" were limited to the personal interests and that they rarely suffered from self reproach or feeling of guilt. PMID- 3233720 TI - Relationship between subjective pain estimation and somatosensory evoked potentials by electrical tooth stimulation. AB - The relationship between the amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and the subjective pain estimation using a visual analogue scale (VAS) was examined in 8 volunteers undergoing randomized electrical tooth stimulation with 3 different intensities. Randomized stimulation was used instead of repetitive stimulation with a fixed intensity in order to minimize the phenomena of habituation and expectancy in recording the SEP and VAS. The VAS scores increased significantly with the stimulus intensity. The amplitude with a latency between 160 and 300 msec (N160-P300) showed a significant increase with the increased intensity. But the amplitudes between 60 and 110 msec (N60-P110) and between 110 and 160 msec (P110-N160) showed no significant change. There was a significant correlation between the amplitude of N160-P300 and the VAS scores. These findings indicate that the component between 160 and 300 msec reflects the perceived pain intensity and the psychological evaluation processes such as cognition, meaning, interpretation and appreciation of pain. The method of randomized stimulation can serve as a simple and useful way for the objective or subjective pain estimation. PMID- 3233721 TI - Nasal secretory response to allergen provocation. AB - Nasal provocation with ragweed pollen extract was performed on ragweed-sensitive and non-atopic subjects. Nasal lavage fluids were collected 15 min after saline and allergen challenges, and assayed for total protein, albumin, potassium, lysozyme activity and peroxidase activity. There was no statistically significant increase in any of these lavage fluid constituents in non-atopic subjects after allergen provocation, compared with after saline provocation. The lavage fluids of ragweed-sensitive subjects had significant rises in each of the constituents following allergen provocation. This method provides a simple mechanism for quantitating the nasal secretory response to allergen provocation. PMID- 3233722 TI - Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. AB - Bromelains consist of a group of proteolytic enzymes of Bromeliaceae. They are commonly used in pharmaceutical industries, food production and in diagnostic laboratories. Bromelains are known to cause IgE-mediated reactions of both the immediate type and the 'late phase reaction of immediate type reaction' with predominantly respiratory symptoms. We report four cases of occupational allergy to bromelain in workers of a blood grouping laboratory. These observations prompted us to investigate the sensitization rate to bromelain in all workers of the particular diagnostic laboratory who had contact with bromelain. These results were compared with those obtained from healthy, randomly selected individuals without evident bromelain exposure. Our findings indicate that (i) bromelain is a strong sensitizer, (ii) sensitization usually occurs due to inhalation and not to ingestion, (iii) bromelain allergy is occupationally acquired, and adequate precautions are necessary. We can further state that (iv) skin testing with relatively pure allergens such as isolated proteases like bromelain may induce systemic reactions, even at very high dilutions. PMID- 3233723 TI - The existence of specific antibodies to cobalt in hard metal asthma. AB - Twelve workers with hard metal asthma diagnosed on the basis of peak flow diaries and positive bronchial reactions to cobalt chloride (CoCl2) were studied for sensitization by detection of specific antibodies to radioactive cobalt (57Co), cobalt-conjugated human serum albumin (Co-HSA) and cobalt-conjugated exchange resin (Co-resin). Their IgE titres ranged from 73 to 1500 IU/ml and eight were atopic individuals. Sixty serum samples from asthmatic patients with IgE titres of 14-4300 IU/ml were studied as controls in all tests. Eleven of twelve subject sera that selectively bound to 57Co after incubation with saturated ammonium sulphate (greater than 232 c.p.m., P less than 0.01) were divided into three groups: (1) six sera showing evidence of specific IgE antibodies to Co-HSA (greater than 673 c.p.m., P less than 0.01) without those to Co-resin; (2) one serum giving a positive radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) only to Co-resin (greater than 417 c.p.m., P less than 0.01), and (3) four sera that were negative for two antigenic agents (Co-HSA, Co-resin). These results suggest that the subjects had occupational asthma due to hard metal exposure from cobalt sensitivity. An immuno-allergic mechanism mediated by specific IgE antibodies to cobalt was confirmed to be responsible for the development of hard metal asthma, with the possibility of some role of the reaction without reagins. PMID- 3233724 TI - Hymenoptera venom-specific IgE antibodies in post-mortem sera from victims of sudden, unexpected death. AB - There have been reports of elevated venom-specific IgE levels in post-mortem sera from patients experiencing fatal Hymenoptera stings so we hypothesized that other cases of sudden death may be due to unrecognized sting anaphylaxis. Of 94 sera obtained post mortem from subjects who died unexpectedly during the summer months, 22 (23%) contained elevated levels of IgE antibody to at least one insect venom. The causes of death as determined by autopsy did not differ significantly among patients with or without elevated IgE antibody levels. An identical percentage of seropositivity was noted in 48 post-mortem sera from victims of sudden, unexpected death in the winter months. Conversely, only 6% of sera from 92 living blood donors contained elevated venom-specific IgE antibodies. The appreciable incidence of elevated IgE antibodies in the post-mortem groups suggests that sting anaphylaxis should be more highly considered as a possible cause of unexpected death. PMID- 3233725 TI - Clinical manifestations of cows' milk allergy in childhood. II. The diagnostic value of skin tests and RAST. AB - In a study of cows' milk allergy (CMA) in infancy, 135 consecutive challenges were performed on children with a good clinical history of the disorder. Of these, only half of the patients were shown to have the disease. Highly atopic patients responded rapidly to small volumes of milk with acute urticaria, wheezing, stridor and eczema, whereas patients who were relatively non-atopic developed symptoms of eczema, bronchitis and wheezing over several hours or days. In a statistical evaluation of the diagnostic value of skin tests and RAST it was shown for the extracts used in this investigation, and for the population studied, all patients with SPT greater than or equal to 4 had CMA. The results highlight the potential diagnostic value of SPT in the identification of children with some forms of CMA if standardized cows' milk allergen extracts can be prepared. PMID- 3233726 TI - A study of allergens in celery with cross-sensitivity to mugwort and birch pollens. AB - Sixty-one sera with positive RAST to mugwort pollen (Artemisiae vulgaris) were submitted to RASTs for birch pollen (Betula verrucosa) and celery (Apium graveolens). In 36 cases RAST results were positive for celery. In addition, 23 sera presented specific IgE to birch pollen. The binding of specific IgE to individual allergens in celery, mugwort pollen and birch pollen was studied by the immunoblotting technique. This involved electrophoretic separation of allergenic extracts, electrotransfer of proteins onto nitrocellulose sheets and sensitive immunoenzymatic detection. Eighteen sera had specific IgE binding to two celery components of molecular weight around 15 kD. All these sera also detected a 15 kD allergen in mugwort and two allergens in birch of 14 kD and 16 kD molecular weight. The sera that did not detect the 15 kD bands in celery failed to react with both the 15 kD mugwort component and the 14 and 16 kD birch components. Specific cross-inhibitions of the detection of these allergens on immunoblots were obtained by pre-incubation of the sera with crude extract of the three species. These results strongly suggest that such allergens display some structural identity and that they could be at the origin of some cases of crossed hypersensitivity to celery, mugwort pollen and birch pollen. PMID- 3233727 TI - Satellite glial cells penetrate neurosecretory cells to perinuclear position in the goldfish preoptic area. AB - Some goldfish neurosecretory cells have plasma membrane invaginations filled by processes of surrounding satellite glial cells (SCs) that produce trophospongium like multicellular neuron-glial aggregates. Some penetrating SC processes approach the neuronal nucleus, reaching to within approximately 40 nm of the outer nuclear membrane. Gap junctions were found in one freeze-fracture replica through an apparent neuronal-glial aggregate, suggesting that neuron-glial gap junctions may be present. The extensive covering and penetration of these neurons by SCs suggests trophic relationships and communication by undetermined modalities between neurons and glia. The common close proximity of invaginated SC processes to the neuronal nucleus may indicate that information is transmitted between SCs and the nucleus. Some SCs abut against the basal lamina of large blood vessels and contain dense vesicles, either secretory or lysosomal. PMID- 3233728 TI - Postnatal development of cholecystokinin (CCK) binding sites in the rat forebrain and midbrain: an autoradiographic study. AB - The postnatal development of cholecystokinin (CCK) binding sites in the rat forebrain and midbrain was studied by in vitro receptor autoradiography. In the majority of structures, the densities of sites were low over the first week after birth, increased until the third week, and decreased over the fourth week to reach adult levels. However, both the rate of increase and the extent of the decrease varied in large proportions among structures. For instance, labeling in the neocortex underwent its largest increase from postnatal day 10, while this increase was already begun at day 7 in the paleocortex. On the other hand, over the fourth postnatal week, the densities could either remain roughly constant (cingulate cortex), slightly decrease (thalamic reticular nucleus), or even return to background levels (pyramidal layer of hippocampus). These different timetables may depend mostly on the differential growth of cells expressing the CCK receptor gene within the developing CNS. The absence of CCK binding sites in most of the regions during the early postnatal period precludes a major role of this peptide in the embryonic development of the rat brain. However, in some regions as the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, the endopyriform cortex or the medial nucleus of amygdala, 30-50% of the adult levels were already present at birth. Whether this observation reflects an earlier functional maturation of these structures or a direct participation of the corresponding CCK systems in their development remains to be established. PMID- 3233729 TI - Postnatal development of 5-HT1 receptors: [3H]5-HT binding sites and 5-HT induced adenylate cyclase activations in rat brain cortex. AB - The postnatal development of the 5-HT1 receptor system was studied in young rat brain cortex from birth to adulthood (14 successive ages). The high-affinity binding of [3H]5-HT was low at birth but developed markedly between the 8th and the 15th day postnatally. The basal adenylate cyclase activity produced 50 pmoles cAMP/mg protein/min at birth and increased from the 8th to the 15th day. 5-HT could stimulate the adenylate cyclase activity in adult rat brain cortex with two different affinity constants: Km = 1 nM and Km = 0.5 microM; these low- and high affinity constants presumably correspond to 5-HT1A and 5-HT1non-A.non-B.non-C (5 HT1D) respectively. These two activities developed parallelly from the 14-15th to the 28th day. The 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino-tetralin) (8-OH-DPAT)-induced activity described a curve similar to the one that corresponded to 10 microM 5 HT. These results establish that 5-HT1A and 5-HT1non-A.non-B.non-C receptors mainly develop during the synaptogenesis. PMID- 3233730 TI - Nucleoli numbers and neuronal growth in supraoptic nucleus neurons during postnatal development in the rat. AB - We present a quantitative study of the variations in the number of nucleoli in supraoptic nucleus neurons during the postnatal period, as well as a morphometric and stereological analysis of the nuclear and cytoplasmic volume changes of these maturing neurons. The mean number of nucleoli per cell was 1.59 +/- 0.28 (mean +/ S.D.) at P1; it then began to decrease until P14 (1.32 +/- 0.67) at which age the adult pattern in the number of nucleoli was attained. The mean nuclear volume increased steadily from 214.56 +/- 6.48 microns 3 (mean +/- S.E.) at P1 to 326.1 +/- 10.93 microns 3 at P14 where it remained constant. The average cytoplasmic volume underwent a remarkable increase during postnatal period from 256.38 +/- 12.66 microns 3 at P1 to 3791.18 +/- 204.88 microns 3 at P90. It is noteworthy that the stabilization of the number of nucleoli coincides with the termination of the nuclear growth phase of supraoptic neurons. We suggest that these nuclear and nucleolar changes reflect the attainment of the fully-differentiated state of the protein synthesis machinery in these neurosecretory neurons. PMID- 3233731 TI - Development of the optic tecta in the frog Limnodynastes dorsalis. AB - In Limnodynastes dorsalis neurogenesis of the optic tecta and the pattern of cellular lamination was determined by [3H]thymidine autoradiography. There was a rostral to caudal gradient of cell proliferation with peak neurogenesis in mid larval life and by metamorphosis generation was complete. The cellular layers formed as each portion of tectum was generated. As evidenced by comparison of animals killed within 24 h of [3H]thymidine injection and those injected as larvae and killed at more mature stages, cells were generated in the ependymal and peri-ependymal layers and during development they migrated to form the peripheral layers. During late larval life, the soma diameter of cells in the most superficial layers, and the width of these layers increased. Tectal innervation during development was assessed by tracing axonal trajectories with horseradish peroxidase. Innervation recapitulated tectal growth with more caudal areas being progressively encompassed by primary optic fibres. By metamorphosis, the entire tectum was innervated. These results indicate that tectal generation, cellular lamination and innervation by optic fibres have a rostral to caudal gradient of development which is complete by metamorphic climax. Therefore to accommodate postmetamorphic retinal growth the developing retinotectal projection must remain labile beyond metamorphosis. PMID- 3233732 TI - Development of the optic nerve of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana). AB - The development of the optic nerve of a marsupial, the North American opossum, was examined in 24 animals from postnatal days 5 to 78 (P5-P78): gestation is 13 days. The estimated number of axons increased from 24,000 at P5, to 267,000 at P27, approximately 2.7 times the mean number in the adult. Following P27, axon numbers decreased rapidly to 140,000 at P40, then decreased more slowly, attaining adult values between P50 and P59. Thus, the opossum is similar to placental mammals examined in evidencing an overproduction and later attenuation to adult values in the number of axons in the optic nerve during development. Monocular enucleation of 3 animals at P17, 10 days before peak axon counts, resulted in a mean population increase of 24,000 (range 19,000-30,000) above the normal adult mean. Additionally, a 4th animal monocularly enucleated on P7, 3 days prior to the arrival of migrating fibers to central target sites, had a similar value of 26,500 supernumerary axons. Our findings in the opposum, when coupled with previous reports in other mammals, suggest that binocular interactions during development account only for optic nerve axon loss approximately equal in magnitude to the ipsilateral projection from one eye. PMID- 3233733 TI - Time course of stratification of the dendritic fields of ganglion cells in the retina of the cat. AB - The inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina has been shown by previous workers to comprise a number of sublayers (sublaminae or strata), each containing a distinct component of its circuitry. Using horseradish peroxidase applied to cultured whole retinas, we have observed the segregation of the dendrites of ganglion cells of the cat retina into two sublayers of the IPL. These sublayers appear to correspond to the a and b sublaminae described in studies of the adult IPL. As the dendritic fields of ganglion cells form, in mid-gestation, they are diffuse, spreading through the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers. A few weeks before birth the dendrites become restricted to the IPL, but it is not until after birth, between P(postnatal day)2 and P5, that they segregate into inner and outer sublayers of the IPL. The process of segregation may involve the loss or 'pruning' of excess dendrites formed in 'wrong' sublayers. The segregation of dendrites into sublayers occurs concurrently with the formation of synapses by bipolar cells and may be induced by contacts made by bipolar cells onto the dendrites of ganglion cells. PMID- 3233734 TI - Neuronal and glial gap junctions in the goldfish preoptic area, a thin section and freeze-fracture study. AB - In freeze-fracture, both large macular gap junctions and long thin gap junctions surrounded by a strand of tight junction were found on neurosecretory cells. Preoptic neurons show large areas of soma-to-soma apposition, but thin section showed no evidence for gap junctions between neuronal somata. Neurosecretory cell neurites formed parallel bundles in neuropil lateral to the nucleus, and gap junctions were found between the neurites. These junctions apparently correspond to macular junctions seen on neurosecretory elements in freeze-fracture. Some large macular gap junctions found in freeze-fracture presumably correspond to junctions seen between glial cells in thin section. However, glial membranes lacked characteristics distinguishing them from neuronal membranes. In one instance, a large apparent glial sheet process formed both macular and long thin gap junctions on different surfaces. The long thin gap junctions that were surrounded by a strand of tight junction were formed with a large neurosecretory cell soma. Extensive pinocytosis was observed at some membranes forming gap junctions. PMID- 3233735 TI - Preparation of serum oxytocin and arginine vasopressin prior to radioimmunoassay: simultaneous extraction and separation on C18 Sep-Pak cartridges. AB - Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are often secreted in response to the same stimuli. The hormones are seldom assayed together, however, because of labor intensive sample preparation and the duplicate volumes required. A method has been developed for the simultaneous extraction and separation of OT and AVP from a single serum sample. The method is suited for sample preparation prior to radioimmunoassay (RIA) and reduces sample volume and processing time by 50%. Serum, supplemented with labeled and unlabeled OT and AVP, was adsorbed onto C18 (octadecasilyl-silica, ODS) Sep-Pak cartridges. After washing with phosphosaline and 3% aqueous acetone, OT was eluted with 98% aqueous acetone followed by AVP with 80% acidified (0.02 mol/L HCl) acetone. The recoveries, determined by radioactivity and RIA measurements, were 86 +/- 3% (OT) and 71 +/- 7% (AVP). Cross contamination was less than 10%. Sep-Paks extracted up to 100 pg/mL of the hormones from 10 mL of serum. The method was employed to measure OT and AVP in the pregnant ewe. Both hormones were elevated during salt-loading and dehydration and were decreased by carotid infusions of ethanol. PMID- 3233736 TI - Quantification of urinary glucose and protein with test-strips through reflectometric analysis. AB - Reflectometric measurement of urine test-strips, using the Urotron RL9, was employed to quantify urinary glucose and protein. Although the test-strips (Combur-9-Test) are designed for qualitative use, the reflectance intensities determined by the Urotron RL9 are applicable to quantitative analysis. Reflectance quantitation and conventional colorimetric methods were closely correlated for glucose (r = 0.953) and protein (r = 0.906). Intra-assay coefficients of variation of reflectance value were less than 5%. The negative influence of ascorbic acid on glucose determination was defined quantitatively. A significant positive interference from hemoglobin on protein determination was also demonstrated, but effectively eliminated after compensating for urine color. PMID- 3233737 TI - Effects of sodium dodecylsulphate, dye concentration and paraprotein on coomassie blue dye-binding assays for protein in urine. AB - Various Coomassie Blue reagents, containing either increased dye concentration or added sodium dodecylsulphate, were compared with a biuret method for the assay of total protein in urine. When immunoglobulin free light chain protein or immunoglobulin paraprotein were present, results from the Coomassie Blue methods were up to 50% lower than with the biuret method; increased dye concentration did not improve comparability substantially, but the addition of sodium dodecylsulphate reduced the bias to about 20%. When neither free light chain protein nor immunoglobulin paraprotein was present, results from the Coomassie Blue methods were only about 30% lower. The addition of sodium dodecylsulphate reduced this bias to 10%. Correlations between the biuret and the Coomassie Blue method were best when the Coomassie Blue reagent contained 40 mg/L sodium dodecylsulphate (r better than 0.98 in all groups; p less than 0.001). PMID- 3233738 TI - Evaluation of commercially formulated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity determinations by the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes and IFCC methods as modified for use with automated enzyme analysers. AB - The performance characteristics of the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes (SCE) methods for the assay of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined using six automated enzyme analysers. The reagent formulation did not include pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). An optimal operating mode was defined for each instrument and precision was assessed in greater detail on four instruments. A points rating system was devised to place the instruments in the following order of proficiency: IL Multistat III, LKB 8600, Gilford 3500, ABA 100. In contrast to AST, the ALT activity of patient samples was unstable at -20 degrees C over periods as short as seven days. The performance characteristics of the IFCC methods for assay of AST and ALT activities were determined by using three automated enzyme analyzers in order to assess the effect of PLP upon precision and activity of four quality control sera, and to compare the SCE and IFCC methods. Precision of AST assays did not alter on omission of PLP from the IFCC formulation, while that of ALT assays showed slight deterioration. The decrease in activity on omitting PLP was variable with each instrument. A points-rating system was devised to place the methods in the following order of precision: AST: IFCC (-PLP) 118, IFCC 109, SCE 61; ALT: IFCC 125, IFCC (-PLP) 97, SCE 66. The IFCC methods offer better precision, and the overall change on omitting PLP is minimal. PMID- 3233739 TI - Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay of cortisol in serum with a europium chelate as label. AB - A non-isotopic heterogeneous competitive immunoassay of serum cortisol is described. Cortisol present in the sample competes with immobilised cortisol (cortisol-thyroglobulin conjugate) for binding to a monoclonal anti-cortisol biotinylated antibody. The amount of antibody bound is measured on the dry solid phase by time-resolved fluorometry after adding streptavidin labeled with the Eu3+ chelate 4,7-bis(chlorosulfophenyl)-1,10 phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid (BCPDA), in the presence of excess Eu3+. The assay is simple to perform, its characteristics are similar to those of radioimmunoassay techniques, and is suitable for routine clinical use. PMID- 3233740 TI - Ethanolaminuria: a non-specific laboratory finding in the seriously ill infant. AB - Ethanolamine is a compound that is frequently seen in urinary amino acid analysis. Although there is a single report of increased ethanolamine excretion associated with a distinctive storage disease in two siblings, the significance of ethanolaminuria is not known. We measured urinary ethanolamine/creatinine ratios in 102 hospitalized infants under two years of age and examined the clinical correlations in six cases whose ratios were more than five-fold higher than the maximum value for the established reference range. We found that ethanolamine excretion was strongly dependent on age even when the data were corrected for significant positive skewing. Increased ethanolamine excretion was common in the first week of life, but five of the six cases we specifically studied were characterized by progressive, debilitating illness and three of the six patients subsequently died. Although we found no evidence of a storage disorder, we did note that there was evidence of neuronal white matter degeneration in most but not all cases. Thus, ethanolaminuria appears to be a non specific sign of severe neurological disease rather than a distinctive feature of a specific inborn error of metabolism. PMID- 3233741 TI - Plasminogen activator activity and urokinase inhibitor activity in human amniotic fluid and fetal membranes. AB - This study reports on the presence of latent plasminogen activator (PA) activity in human amniotic fluid (HAF). To measure PA, HAF was incubated with plasminogen, and the formation of plasmin was followed by its ability to cleave globin. The latent proenzyme in HAF was converted to active PA by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) but not by tryptic digestion. The level of SDS-activatable PA activity in HAF increased with increasing gestational age. In an alternative, direct assay of PA based on its amidolytic activity upon L-pyroglutamyl-glycyl-L arginine-p-nitroanilide (S-2444), HAF PA activity could be demonstrated even without prior exposure to SDS. Medium conditioned with either chorion or amnion produced PA activity suggesting that HAF PA is derived from the fetal membranes. Treatment of the conditioned medium with SDS or trypsin further increased the enzyme activity. The fetal membranes also produce inhibitory activities towards exogenous trypsin, plasmin, and urokinase. The inhibition of plasmin could be separated from the inhibitory activities towards trypsin and urokinase by DEAE sephadex ion-exchange chromatography. The function of PA in the normal physiology and in pathological processes involving HAF and the fetal membranes remains to be elucidated. PMID- 3233742 TI - Regulation of carnosine metabolism: the subcellular localization of carnosinase in liver. AB - We studied the subcellular localization of carnosinase (EC 3.4.13.3) in rat liver. The liver homogenate was fractionated by differential centrifugation into a nuclear (N), a mitochondrial (M), a lysosomal (L), a microsomal (P) and a soluble (S) fraction. The purity of different subcellular fractions was established by using different markers. The carnosinase activity in different fractions was measured by fluorometric determination of L-histidine produced using carnosine as a substrate. The intracellular distribution of carnosinase was very similar to that of lactate dehydrogenase with the highest relative specific activity of enzyme being observed in the soluble fraction. These results indicate that carnosinase enzyme is primarily located in the soluble (cytoplasmic) fraction of rat liver. PMID- 3233743 TI - Evaluation of Roche fructosamine test: use for diabetic patient monitoring. AB - A fructosamine assay using commercially available reagents on an IL Multistat III centrifugal analyser was evaluated. Within- and between-batch precision were less than 4% (CV). Results were similar using serum or oxalated plasma, but were 5% lower than those using sodium heparinate. We compared serum fructosamine and Hb A1c results in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetics: serum fructosamine correlated with Hb A1c (r = 0.80) and gave at least as good a separation of patients from normal controls as did Hb A1c. PMID- 3233744 TI - The diagnostic accuracy of three recommended methods for serum aspartate aminotransferase assays in patients suspected of myocardial infarction and hepatobiliary diseases. AB - Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was measured by the methods recommended by the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes (SCE) and by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) with pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and without (-PLP) in one laboratory at 37 degrees C with the Abbott ABA 100 and in another at 30 degrees C with the IL Multistat III. Reference ranges were determined on 195 healthy hospital staff. Sera from 102 patients with suspected hepatobiliary disease (HBD) and 104 with suspected myocardial infarction (MI) were assayed at both laboratories by all three methods. Based on the above reference ranges, all assays with each method at both hospitals were abnormal in 59 of 67 cases with HBD and 53 of 55 with MI. In aggregate, all three methods yielded comparable rates of misclassification (20-23). The SCE method gave highest false negatives (18) and lowest false positives (5); the IFCC method gave lowest false negatives (1) and highest false positives (20); intermediate values of 8 false positives and 12 false negatives were given by the IFCC (-PLP) method. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the SCE method was clearly superior at 30 degrees C, and the IFCC (-PLP) method was marginally superior at 37 degrees C. However, when the decision threshold corresponded with a 2.5% false positive rate in the non-HBD, non-MI patients, the SCE method gave the lowest false negatives at both temperatures and, on the basis of the present data, must be considered to be the method of choice for AST activity determinations. PMID- 3233745 TI - Measurement of methsuximide and N-desmethylmethsuximide using solid-phase extraction and wide-bore capillary gas chromatography. AB - A method for the determination of the anti-epileptic drug methsuximide (MSM) and its active metabolite N-desmethylmethsuximide (NDM) is presented. 5-Methyl-5 phenylhydantoin is used as the internal standard. A simple solid-phase extraction procedure utilizing disposable reversed-phase C18 columns is described. Samples are analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection using a wide bore capillary column with a permanently bonded, non-polar stationary phase. The MSM assay possesses linearity to 6.0 micrograms/mL, sensitivity to 0.5 microgram/mL, recovery ranging from 93 to 110%, and precision reflected by a SD of +/- 0.37 microgram/mL. The NDM assay displays linearity up to 80.0 micrograms/mL, sensitivity to 5.0 micrograms/mL, recovery of 90 to 100%, and precision reflected by a SD +/- 0.90 microgram/dL. Lack interference is documented for 6 commonly prescribed anti-epileptic drugs and 4 drugs with similar retention times on this stationary phase; only guaifenesin was found to potentially interfere with the determination of methsuximide. We conclude that the method reported here is ideally suited for monitoring therapeutic and toxic levels of this anti-epileptic drug. PMID- 3233746 TI - Purification of crystal induced chemotactic factor from human neutrophils. AB - The crystal induced chemotactic factor is a protein that is released by neutrophils in response to a phagocytic stimulus like monosodium urate or calcium pyrophosphate crystals. This protein has been postulated to play an important role in the development of crystal-induced arthritis. In this report, we present a protocol for its purification which involved ammonium sulfate fractionation, affinity chromatography, lectin chromatography, and high pressure chromatography (HPLC). The purified protein migrated as a single band on SDS-PAGE. Based on its electrophoretic and chromatographic (HPLC) properties, it appears to have a m.w. of 15,000. It has a blocked N-terminal since our attempt to sequence the chemotactic protein by established procedures failed. The protein contains one methionine residue which appears to be essential for its chemotactic activity since cyanogen bromide treatment abolished its chemotactic activity. To our knowledge this is the first report on purification of this autocrine leukoattractant from human neutrophils. PMID- 3233748 TI - Quantification of hemoglobin A2 and identification of hemoglobin variants using a fully automated hemoglobin analyzer. AB - The DIAMAT Analyser System is a fully automated high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) instrument originally designed for the quantification of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Buffers were developed for the separation and quantification of hemoglobin A2 on the DIAMAT. Also studied were the retention patterns of various hemoglobin variants on the DIAMAT using the buffers developed for the hemoglobin A2 quantification. PMID- 3233749 TI - Vitamin B6 status in cirrhotic patients in relation to apoenzyme of serum alanine aminotransferase. AB - Plasma levels of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) in cirrhotic patients were significantly lower than in control subjects. However, the plasma total pyridoxal level and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion were not decreased in non-alcoholic patients but in alcoholic patients. In the latter, the percentage of apo alanine aminotransferase was not related to the plasma PLP level, but was significantly correlated with plasma total pyridoxal level and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion. We conclude that alcoholic cirrhotic patients have vitamin B6 deficiency, which is at least responsible for low serum alanine aminotransferase activity. PMID- 3233747 TI - Inaccuracies in digoxin measurement. AB - Six commercial digoxin immunoassay kits were evaluated for their accuracy of calibration and their extent of interference by digoxin-like immunoreactive substance (DLIS). Calibration accuracy was investigated with digoxin reference standards in pooled human serum. The Abbott and Becton Dickinson kits underestimate while the other kits overestimate digoxin concentration. The magnitude of this bias generally increases with increasing concentration of digoxin. Sera from digoxin-free patient populations with potential DLIS interference--pregnant women, newborns, hypertensives, and uremics--were analyzed with each kit. Healthy subjects not on digoxin therapy served as controls. Groups with DLIS interference, as exemplified by a significant difference of p less than 0.05 from controls, are: Abbott--newborns and pregnant women; Becton Dickinson- newborns and pregnant women; Dade--no difference; Dupont--newborns, uremics, pregnant women, and hypertensives; Kallestad--newborns; and Syva--newborns. The limitations of each individual digoxin method should be realized for DLIS interference and bias, and patient results from that method should be interpreted accordingly. PMID- 3233751 TI - Poster abstracts: CCLM/CSCC, 2nd annual meeting. 1988 June 25-30, Winnipeg, Manitoba. PMID- 3233750 TI - Plasma and erythrocyte lipids in two families with heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia. AB - Erythrocyte morphology, kinematic viscosity, and membrane lipid composition have not been well documented in heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL). In our study of nine subjects with HBL from two kindreds, three presented with schistocytes (3-6%) while two of them also showed acanthocytosis (25-35%) on their peripheral blood films. The other affected family members had a normal RBC morphology despite a decreased kinematic viscosity of RBC suspension at 37 degrees C (log eta = 0.20 +/- 0.02 vs. log eta = 0.26 +/- 0.02) in all nine subjects; erythrocyte osmotic fragility however was normal. Although some subjects showed acanthocytosis total cholesterol (0.63 +/- 0.05 mol x 10(-6)/mg membrane protein) and sphingomyelin/lecithin ratio (0.905 +/- 0.042) of RBC membranes were normal while plasma from the subject with schistocytosis had a significantly decreased sphingomyelin/lecithin ratio in plasma (17.2 +/- 2.4 vs. 29.1 +/- 3.3) suggesting that sphingomyelin and lecithin are not freely exchangeable between plasma and the outer surface of RBC membranes. PMID- 3233753 TI - Mid-trimester therapeutic abortion by intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha and concomitant oxytocin. AB - The routine use of intra-amniotic PGF2 alpha and concomitant intravenous oxytocin for second trimester induced abortion is evaluated in 274 consecutive cases. Eighty-five per cent of the nullipara and 90 per cent of the parous women aborted within 24 hours and all but one within 48 hours following a single intra-amniotic dose. Doses were 40 or 50 mg PGF2 alpha and the mean induction-abortion interval was not shortened by the higher dose. Neither did gestational age have any effect on abortion time. Postabortum haemorrhage occurred in 22 cases in spite of routine curettage. Parametritis was reported in eight cases. In two nullipara, cervical tears were observed, in one case forming a persisting fistula to the uterine cavity. There were no significant toxic side effects to the administration of PGF2 alpha or oxytocin. It is concluded that the method has not been superseded with regard to efficacy of abortion induction and that the rate of more serious complications is not above what can be expected from any other available method of second trimester pregnancy termination. PMID- 3233752 TI - Trial of scar with induction/oxytocin in delivery following prior section. AB - During the ten year study period, April 1972 to March 1982, there were 1,498 patients, with one or more prior caesarean section delivered at the Regional Hospital, University College, Galway. Trial of scar (TOS) was undertaken in 844 (56.34%) patients and the remaining 654 (43.66%) had a repeat elective caesarean section. There were 546 (64.69%) TOS patients who had some form of induction/augmentation and in 269 (49.26%) oxytocin was used, singularly and in combination with other induction methods and successful vaginal delivery was attained in 222 (82.52%) patients. There was no increased incidence of true rupture (TR) or bloodless dehiscence (BD) associated with the use of induction/augmentation or oxytocin in this series. There was a 50% perinatal mortality associated with TR, but there was no maternal death in TOS patients, with or without a successful trial. An incidence of TR of 1:169 patients is no justification for the "once a section, always a section" idiology, widely practiced in North America today. PMID- 3233755 TI - Congenital vaginal malformation: clinical experiences on vaginal agenesia. AB - After having described, with brief allusions to the causes which determine vaginal malformations and the different surgical techniques which are generally used for treatment of such forms, the case series is examined of 53 patients who came under our observation in the Gynaecologic and Obstetric Clinics of Padua between 1965 and 1987, and of Verona, limited to the period from 1969 to 1974. We consider that the choice of the most suitable treatment for such pathology cannot be separated from the analyses of such diverse parameters as, for example: the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis, the type of malformation present, and other eventual associated malformations. This induces us to support the personalisation of the treatment of such pathology in each individual case. PMID- 3233754 TI - Risk factors of endometrial cancer in Palermo. AB - A case-control study on 150 cases and 300 non-neoplastic controls admitted to the Obstetric and Gynaecologic Clinic B of the University of Palermo from 1977 to 1986 was carried out in order to assess the risk factors of corpus uteri cancer in Palermo area. Age at menarche less than 11, menopausal status, nulliparity, diabetes and obesity were found significantly associated with the risk of cancer; family history of neoplastic disease was slightly under statistical significance. It can be concluded that the same etiologic factors of endometrial cancer, as in other areas, may be operating in Palermo women. PMID- 3233756 TI - Continuous foetal heart rate monitoring of twins during labour. PMID- 3233757 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis for abdominal hysterectomy. AB - Three different regimens of antibiotic treatment have been employed in order to evaluate their efficacy as a profilaxis for abdominal hysterectomy. Two short term administrations (Cephtriaxone and Cephamandole plus Tobramycine) and a conventional full dose treatment (Cephazoline) have been compared over a group of homogeneous patients. No significant differences, except a reduction in postoperative time spent in hospital, have been found among the groups. A reduction in urinary tract infection has also been reported with a single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis. PMID- 3233758 TI - The significant of complement and immunoglobulin determination in healthy pregnant women and patients with EPH gestoses. AB - Complements C3 and C4, IgG, IgM, IgA and properdin factor B (PFB) were determined in maternal blood sera, sera from the umbilical cord and amniotic fluid in the group consisting of 30 healthy pregnant women and 30 patients with EPH gestoses. PFB and IgG were measured in urine, as well. Significant decrease of C3 complement in maternal sera and PFB in urine was found in the group with EPH gestoses, while a slight C4 complement enhancement was recorded in both maternal sera and the blood sera from the umbilical cord. PFB was conspicuously increased in maternal blood sera. IgG level was higher in the blood sera from the umbilical cord in comparison with that found in maternal sera in both groups examined. IgG, IgM and IgA levels were decreased in the group of patients with EPH gestoses in all fluids examined, while IgA level was significantly increased in the sera prepared from the blood from the umbilical cord. PMID- 3233759 TI - Vulvar hormonal receptor modifications during topical steroid treatment. AB - Four groups of 92 patients steroid pre-treated and non-treated vulvar tissues at delivery, during episiotomy, were used in determining androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors. In 24 central specimens ER and AR concentrations turned out to be quite low when compared to the endometrium and the breast; PgR were much higher in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, with a statistically significant difference. After estrogen, testosterone and progesterone topical treatment we observed interesting receptor status modifications which emphasize the use of vulvar receptors as marker during local therapy. PMID- 3233760 TI - Our experience in the treatment of vulvar sclerous lichen. AB - The Authors refer to two cases of sclerous lichen treated with medical therapy (Vit. E, topic betametasone and lavage with K-permanganato). They conclude that when there is no association with other dystrophies of the vulva defined precancerous, the medical therapy is the only one that supplies satisfactory results. PMID- 3233761 TI - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Therapeutical trends. AB - CIN is an intraepithelial alteration of unpredictable development. Its presence may require in the case of CIN 1 only periodical colposcopy and cytology, while in the presence of CIN 2 or CIN 3 a complete removal of the lesion is necessary. Surgery must be "personalized". Sometimes when the excision is large, it may be necessary to follow with hemostatic suture in order to reconstruct the portio. PMID- 3233762 TI - A simplified method for determination of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity in human blood. AB - The determination of erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity is essential for differentiating familial (type II) porphyria cutanea tarda from the sporadic (type I) form of the disease. A new technique for the determination of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity in human blood is described. Haemolysate is incubated with uroporphyrinogen III as substrate. Uroporphyrinogen unconverted during the reaction is oxidised to uroporphyrin and measured directly as free acid by HPLC. The enzyme activity is then calculated from the amount of substrate consumed. The technique is simple, rapid and highly reproducible. It is recommended as a clinical assay. PMID- 3233763 TI - Serum procollagen III N-terminal peptide and laminin P1 fragment concentrations in alcoholic liver disease and primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Procollagen type III N-peptide (PIII NP) and laminin P1 fragment (LP1) have both been proposed as markers of liver fibrosis. In this study we evaluated the diagnostic application of both peptides in alcoholic liver disease and primary biliary cirrhosis. Serum concentrations of the peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay. PIII NP and LP1 levels appeared to be significantly raised in patients with alcoholic and primary biliary cirrhosis. Patients with alcohol abuse without cirrhosis had normal or slightly elevated PIII NP levels, but significantly raised LP1 levels. There was a strong correlation between PIII NP and LP1 concentrations. PMID- 3233764 TI - Plasma alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in diabetes mellitus. AB - Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes were measured in type 1 diabetics, type 2 diabetics and in a non-diabetic control group. Within the diabetics and the control group, intestinal ALP activity was significantly higher in BO secretors than A secretors or ABO non-secretors. There was no difference in intestinal ALP activity between type 1 and type 2 diabetics but the diabetics had a significantly higher activity of this isoenzyme than the corresponding blood group/secretor status category of the control group. Liver ALP was significantly higher in the diabetics compared with the control group. Bone ALP showed no significant difference between the diabetics and the control group. PMID- 3233765 TI - Fat macroglobule formation from chylomicrons and non-traumatic fat embolism. AB - Chylomicrons show calcium-dependent agglutination by C-reactive protein (CRP). This has been suggested as a mechanism by which fat embolism may occur in the absence of trauma. It may also play a role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in patients with types I and V hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 3233766 TI - A specific method for the direct determination of lipoprotein cholesterol in electrophoretic patterns. AB - Lipoproteins are separated electrophoretically and cholesterol is visualised with an enzymic reagent specific for cholesterol in which the gels are incubated. Quantitation of the individual fractions is accomplished by scanning densitometry. No sample pretreatment is necessary. All major fractions are detected readily. Accuracy agrees favorably with results from the ultracentrifugation. On the average, imprecision is 3.1% for beta-, 6.9% for prebeta-, and 5.2% for alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol. Concentration and color development are linear up to 8 mmol/l cholesterol in a given lipoprotein fraction. The results of the direct enzymic procedure for beta-, prebeta- and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol are compared to the quantitative lipoprotein electrophoresis after precipitation with phosphotungstic acid and bivalent cations. PMID- 3233767 TI - Guidelines for the training of medical graduates in clinical chemistry. PMID- 3233768 TI - Approved recommendation (1988) on the theory of reference values. Part 3. Preparation of individuals and collection of specimens for the production of reference values. PMID- 3233769 TI - Urinary neopterin excretion in pulmonary sarcoidosis: correlation to clinical course of the disease. AB - Urinary neopterin levels were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography in 36 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Values were above normal range in 69.4% of all patients. Neopterin excretion was significantly higher in radiologic types II/III than in type I disease (p = 0.0265, Mann-Whitney U-test). Urinary neopterin showed a weak, but significant inverse correlation to disease duration (r = -0.36; p = 0.034, Spearman's rank correlation). No significant correlation could be found between neopterin and the presence of pulmonary or extrapulmonary symptoms, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, steroid treatment, and serum angiotensin converting enzyme. Follow-up studies revealed that worsening or improvement of chest X-ray findings was invariably accompanied by rising or decreasing neopterin excretion, respectively. Patients with normal neopterin at initial evaluation had a higher tendency towards spontaneous healing, and none of them deteriorated during the follow-up period. We conclude that urinary neopterin excretion reflects one aspect of alveolitic "activity" in pulmonary sarcoidosis and that normal values probably indicate a favorable prognosis. PMID- 3233770 TI - Hb G-Philadelphia, or [alpha 68(E17)Asn----Lys], in north Sardinia: detection by isoelectric focusing and identification by HPLC of tryptic peptides. AB - 11,129 individuals of the northern area of the island of Sardinia (7,717 newborns and 3,412 adults) were examined for the Hb G-Philadelphia variant [alpha 68(E17)Asn----Lys]. Hemolysates were analysed by isoelectric focusing, and the variant identified by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography of tryptic peptides. A total of seven heterozygotes (1 in 1,589) were identified. This is probably the highest prevalence of this mutant so far described. Percentages of the variant (average 35.1 +/- 6.2%) were trimodally distributed with modes centering on 28, 36, and 42%, respectively. These values suggest that the G-Philadelphia allele occurs in Sardinians both on a single and on a double locus chromosome. The linkage with alpha-thalassemia may be the reason for the high frequency of the variant. PMID- 3233771 TI - Discovery of methoxyacetylcarbamide in the urine of normal adults and phenylketonuric children. AB - In order to study metabolic distinctions in phenylketonuria, urinary metabolites in the form of trimethylsilyl derivatives have been characterized by high resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A previously unknown metabolite has been found in the urine of some untreated phenylketonuric infants between 2 and 5 yr of age. The metabolite was absent in healthy children of the same age. The metabolite appeared to be present in the urine of apparently healthy adults (25-32 yr old). The metabolite was identified as methoxyacetylcarbamide on the basis of mass fragmentation analysis and compared with synthetic methoxyacetylcarbamide. Their retention times and mass spectra coincided. PMID- 3233772 TI - Accurate and specific HPLC assay of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase activity in human peripheral leucocytes. AB - An HPLC method is described for the assay of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase in human leucocytes. The optimal pH for the assay was 6.5-7.0 and the Km for coproporphyrinogen III was 0.12 +/- 0.021 mumol/l. The mean activity in 28 apparently health subjects was 0.249 (2 SD range 0.130-0.368) nmol/h per mg protein. In two patients with hereditary coproporphyria, the activities were 0.029 and 0.078 nmol/h per mg protein. PMID- 3233773 TI - The effect of age and sex on beta-hexosaminidase in urine. PMID- 3233774 TI - PRUFILE: a clinical and laboratory database for the genetics centre. AB - The growing complexity and volume of workload in a Clinical Genetics Centre can rapidly swamp the available clerical facilities. The multiuser database described gives facilities not only for administrative control and documentation but also for the production of data for clinical and scientific analysis. The close link between clinical and laboratory databases gives great versatility and easy expansion as new tests and disciplines are applied to clinical genetic problems. PMID- 3233775 TI - Terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5. AB - Three cases of deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 are described: one family cluster, in which the mother and three sons are affected, and two sporadics without the typical "cri du chat" phenotype (the family and Case 2 were previously reported in 1982). Mental retardation varied between affected members of the same family. Band p15.2 appears critical for the development of the complete phenotype. A peculiar deafness observed in the familial and one of the sporadic cases suggests a cochlear malformation. PMID- 3233776 TI - Trisomy (1q)(q42----qter): confirmation of a syndrome. AB - This paper describes for the first time the clinical findings in a case of pure trisomy (1q)(q42----qter). Eight cases involving this trisomy have been reported previously, but these were complicated by additional chromosomal changes, and hence the assignation of a discrete phenotype remained doubtful. The clinical abnormalities reported here, most of which were included amongst others in the previous reports of trisomy (1q)(q42----qter), provide the basis for characterisation of this condition as a syndrome. These changes comprised macrocephaly, prominent forehead, micrognathia, large fontanelle, flat nasal bridge, low-set ears, facial capillary naevi, cardiac defect and small size for gestational age. PMID- 3233777 TI - Apolipoprotein E alleles and hyperlipoproteinemia in Japan. AB - Genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein (apo) E has been demonstrated to be associated with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). There are few reports on this association in Japan. Thus, in this study, we have examined the apo E allele frequencies in normolipidemia (n = 129), non-familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) type IIa HLP (n = 40), non-FH type IIb HLP (n = 35), type III HLP (n = 17), type IV HLP (n = 59), type V HLP (n = 19) and heterozygous FH (n = 51) in Japan, and compared these frequencies between normolipidemia, and different types of HLP and FH. The frequency of the epsilon 4 allele was significantly higher in type IIa (18.7%), IIb (21.4%) and V (29.0%) HLP and FH (16.6%) than in normolipidemia (8.9%), whereas the frequency of the epsilon 2 allele was significantly higher in type III (70.6%) and IV (11.0%) HLP than in normolipidemia (3.1%). These results indicate that the epsilon 4 allele is associated with non-FH hypercholesterolemia (type IIa and IIb HLP), type V HLP and FH, whereas the epsilon 2 allele is associated not only with type III HLP but also with type IV HLP. PMID- 3233778 TI - Ectrodactyly (split-hand/split-foot) and ectodermal dysplasia with normal lip and palate in a four-generation kindred. AB - Five members of a four-generation Mauritian family with ectrodactyly (split hand/split-foot deformity) and ectodermal dysplasia but without clefting of the lip or palate have been investigated. The ectrodactyly ranged from virtual normality to severe tetramelic deficiencies. The ectodermal dysplasia manifested as hypotrichosis and abnormal dentition. Distinction is drawn between this autosomal dominant condition and the classical EEC syndrome; independent syndromic status is proposed. PMID- 3233779 TI - Association of apolipoprotein epsilon 4 allele with hypertriglyceridemia in obesity. AB - Hypertriglyceridemia is the most frequent lipid abnormality associated with obesity. Genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been demonstrated to influence lipid levels. We wanted to assess the role of apoE alleles in the hypertriglyceridemias of the obese population. The apoE phenotypes and lipid status were investigated in a population of 172 obese French subjects. The frequencies of phenotypes E4/3, E4/4 and E4/2 were 29.7%, 8.1% and 2.1%, respectively, in a subgroup with triglycerides greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl (n = 37) versus 14.2%, 2.7% and 0.9% in the normolipidemic subgroup (p less than 0.005). The odds ratio of hypertriglyceridemia was 3.15 for obese subjects with epsilon 4; 27.7% of hypertriglyceridemias could be attributed to epsilon 4 allele. It is concluded that the genetic polymorphism of apoE modulates the effects of obesity on lipids and lipoproteins and that allele epsilon 4 increases the risk of obesity-induced hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 3233780 TI - Marner's cataract (CAM) assigned to chromosome 16: linkage to haptoglobin. AB - In the present study the kindred with Marner's cataract (CAM), which now comprises nine generations, was examined for linkage with 14 marker loci. We found strong evidence for linkage to haptoglobin, zmax = 8.33 at thetamax = 0.05 for males and thetamax = 0.04 for females. PMID- 3233781 TI - A photometer used for diagnosing a small-sized 4p deletion in Wolf syndrome. PMID- 3233782 TI - Mental retardation with pterygia, shortness and distinct facial appearance. Confirmation of a new MCA/MR syndrome. PMID- 3233783 TI - Evaluation of genetic counselling: recall of information, post-counselling reproduction, and attitude of the counsellees. AB - Of the families who had received genetic counselling between 1972 and 1981, 791 replied to a questionnaire which covered recall of information, post-counselling reproduction and attitudes towards counselling and prenatal diagnosis. Eighty percent had adequate knowledge of mode of inheritance and 74% of recurrence risk. Knowledge of mode of inheritance was poorest in multifactorial transmission (63%) and knowledge of recurrence risk in X-chromosomal disorders (61%). Forty-five per cent of the families had started a pregnancy after the counselling. 25%). Early lethality of the disorder and feasibility of a prenatal study contributed to positive reproductive decisions. Nine per cent of the children born after the counselling were affected by the disorder in question. The observed risks tended to match well with the expected ones. Sixty-two per cent of the respondents felt that the counselling had had a great or moderate impact on their reproductive plans. Forty-two per cent expressed a wish to hear the counsellor's opinion in addition to the facts. This was more common when the disorder was severe. Although most couples (53%) wished to have a prenatal study, if feasible, and abort an affected foetus, 16% were against abortion in such a case and 31% wished to have the study but were ambiguous about an abortion. PMID- 3233784 TI - Rates and survival of individuals with trisomy 13 and 18. Data from a 10-year period in Denmark. AB - Rates and survival figures for trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 have been calculated for Denmark (DK) based on a 10-year period (1977-86). The data have been ascertained through The Danish Central Cytogenetic Register, all cytogenetic laboratories in DK, paediatric departments throughout the country. The Medical Birth Register and The Register of Causes of Death in DK. Nineteen liveborn probands with trisomy 13 and 76 liveborn probands with trisomy 18 were found. No stillborn cases with trisomy 13 but 6 with trisomy 18 were found. By prenatal diagnosis 19 probands with trisomy 13 and 46 with trisomy 18 were found. Based on liveborn and stillborn probands, the prevalence at birth was 1 per 29,374 for trisomy 13 and 1 per 6806 for trisomy 18. The median survival for trisomy 13 was 2.5 days, while the same figure for trisomy 18 was 6.0 days. The rates calculated seem rather low compared to earlier studies. PMID- 3233785 TI - Dominant inheritance of tooth malpositions and their association to hypodontia. AB - Four kindreds with family-specific malposition of cuspids were studied. Besides malposition of cuspids, the members also showed varying combinations of other anomalies: malposition, malformation or hypodontia of upper lateral incisors, second bicuspids and lower central incisors. The pedigrees provided convincing evidence for autosomal dominant transmission of the abnormalities studied. Their nature and location allow the assumption that they represent different expressions of one dominant gene causing a primary disturbance in the critical marginal area of the embryonic dental lamina. PMID- 3233786 TI - Mosaicism for ring 19: a case report. AB - A male with mosaicism for ring 19 presented with a complex cardiac malformation, microcephaly and minor dysmorphic features. Intellectual development has been within normal limits. This chromosome aberration has been reported only twice before and no clear phenotype-karyotype correlations are recognized. PMID- 3233787 TI - European Society of Human Genetics. Abstracts from Symposium on Neurogenetics. Cardiff, June 30-July 3, 1988. PMID- 3233788 TI - Immunopotentiation by orally-administered Quillaja saponins: effects in mice vaccinated intraperitoneally against rabies. AB - Orally fed Quillaja saponins amplified the immunopotentiating ability of an intraperitoneally (IP) administered inactivated rabies vaccine in mice. The number of animals surviving rabies infection was markedly higher (90-100%) in groups of animals receiving a combined treatment of oral saponin (SAP) and IP vaccine, compared to groups receiving vaccine alone (25%), or to unimmunized mice (0%). Antibody production was significantly higher in animals fed SAP 2 weeks after primary or secondary sensitization with an IP-injected vaccine. In mice given 2 IP doses of vaccine, 1 week apart, simultaneous feeding of SAP resulted in an enhanced production of rabies-specific (whole Ig) antibodies. On the other hand, animals preconditioned with SAP 3 days prior to administration of the vaccine exhibited greatly increased IgG antibody levels. Moreover, SAP preconditioned mice vaccinated with a very low dosage produced significantly higher levels of antibodies. PMID- 3233789 TI - A characteristic immunoblotting pattern for Opisthorchiasis sera with metacercarial antigens. AB - The protein compositions of homogenized metacercaria and adult Opisthorchis viverrini were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The two different stages of O. viverrini parasite contained several protein components with very similar mobilities on SDS-PAGE gel. The reaction in immunoblots of sera from patients with opisthorchiasis demonstrated antibodies against heterogeneous protein components of metacercariae and adult O. viverrini parasites. Only the components of metacercariae with molecular weights of 190-200 kD, 132 kD and 107 kD reacted specifically with opisthorchiasis sera. This characteristic reaction pattern was not observed in any control sera of normal subjects or those infected with other parasites. Identical reactions were however also recognized in the sera of experimental infected hamsters with metacercariae, but did not occur with adult worm as the antigen for the immunoblotting reaction. This may indicate that these metacercariae-associated protein components have potential diagnostic value for opisthorchiasis. PMID- 3233791 TI - Hypogammaglobulinaemia in nephrotic rats is attributable to hypercatabolism of IgG. AB - The effect of the nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) in rats on specific antibody responses to 2,4 dinitrophenyl (DNP) conjugated to either spider crab haemocyanin (MSH), a T cell-dependent antigen, or hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a T cell-independent type 2 antigen were studied. The serum IgG anti-DNP levels following immunization with both antigens were reduced in nephrotic animals compared with controls while IgM anti-DNP antibody titres were higher. The half-life of IgG anti-DNP antibodies passively transferred into non immunized nephrotic rats was markedly reduced while the half-life of anti-DNP antibodies of the IgM class was comparable to that in controls. Low serum IgG and elevated IgM levels were seen in nephrotic animals compared to controls. Antibody forming cells specific for DNP were demonstrated by immunohistology on rat spleens and the numbers of both IgG and IgM-producing cells were found to be significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in nephrotic animals in response to both DNP-HES and DNP-MSH. These data indicate that in nephrotic rats the alteration seen in the serum immunoglobulin levels is not attributable to reduced antibody production but increased catabolism of serum IgG antibodies. PMID- 3233790 TI - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: ultrastructural evidence for a selective release of eosinophil major basic protein. AB - Ultrastructural study of mucosal eosinophils in a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis involving stomach, duodenum and ileum showed an altered structure in ulcerated duodenal areas. The electron core density of eosinophil granules was inverted or disappeared and tubulovesicular structures occurred. Using immunogold staining with specific antibodies, major basic protein was detected diffusely in the matrix of eosinophil granules and out of the granules in tight association with extragranular membrane formations. In contrast, eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil peroxidase were normally distributed in the granule matrix. When compared with the eosinophils in macroscopically normal duodenal mucosa in the same patient, these changes support a role for major basic protein in tissue damage in eosinophilic gastroenteritis. The diffusion of one granule protein from the granules to the exterior of the cells favours the view of a selective release of eosinophil mediators. PMID- 3233793 TI - The use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to study the disposition of sheep digoxin-specific immunoglobulin G and Fab fragments in the rat. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the measurement of sheep digoxin-specific immunoglobulin G and Fab fragments. With the latter, two preparations were examined, one available commercially (Digibind, Wellcome) and one prepared by ourselves (DSFab). The assay exhibited a greater sensitivity towards immunoglobulin G compared with Digibind and DSFab, presumably because the Fab preparations lacked some of the sheep-specific antigens present on the whole antibody molecule. The assay was used subsequently to examine the disposition of the antibody preparations after injection of 1 mg/kg i.v. into anaesthetised bile duct-cannulated rats. The plasma distribution half-lives (1.8-3.3 min) were similar for all three preparations, but while plasma elimination half-life values for Digibind and DSFab were much the same (110-115 min), that for immunoglobulin G was longer (425 min). The shorter half-life values for Fab fragments were linked to a rate of urinary elimination 10-20 fold faster. No antibody excretion in the bile was detected. The apparent volume of distribution of immunoglobulin G was 35 ml/kg, indicating that the whole antibody was largely confined to the plasma space. The volume of distribution for Digibind or DSFab (about 46 ml/kg) was not significantly larger than that for immunoglobulin G and much smaller than the extracellular fluid volume, which was measured as 305 ml/kg. Thus the distribution of sheep Fab fragments in the rat markedly differs from that in the baboon (Smith et al., 1979) where the apparent volume of distribution approximates to the extracellular fluid volume. PMID- 3233794 TI - [The dental health system in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 3233792 TI - Lymphoid immunohistochemistry of macaque primates. AB - The immunohistochemical localizations of 53 monoclonal antibodies with specificities expressed in human lymphoid tissue were investigated on lymph node tissues from Macaca mulatta, M. speciosa, and M. fascicularis using immunoperoxidase techniques. Thirty antibodies showed comparative cross reactivity. The micro-anatomic distribution of these antigens was closely homologous to that observed in man and antigen densities appeared to be similar. A useful monoclonal antibody panel for immunopathological investigations in macaques was, thereby, defined. Of several pan-T antibodies studied, only OKT11(CD2) showed cross-reactivity. A detailed analysis of the immunocyto architecture of five rhesus lymph nodes was undertaken. Automated flow cytometry of M. mulatta and M. speciosa peripheral blood showed a broadly similar pattern to man. PMID- 3233795 TI - [The value of ibuprofen as an analgesic in dental practice]. PMID- 3233796 TI - [Management, marketing, AIDS ... current issues in dentistry]. PMID- 3233797 TI - [Surgical treatment of the short clinical crown in an area of inadequate keratinized gingiva]. PMID- 3233798 TI - [Use of filled resin teeth. Precautions]. PMID- 3233799 TI - [Computer assisted cephalometry. Software for original applications]. PMID- 3233800 TI - The effect of oral diltiazem on left ventricular performance in postinfarction patients. AB - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of diltiazem on the left ventricular function in postinfarction patients. Twelve patients without cardiac decompensation at rest began diltiazem therapy beginning 3 months after an acute myocardial Q-wave infarction. Oral diltiazem was administered on the first day in a single dose (120 mg) and the following 2 weeks in a 60 mg three times a day (tid) regimen. The therapeutic effect was studied by isotope angiocardiography at rest using equilibrium measurements with technetium-99m. Acute as well as continuous treatment improved left ventricular function in terms of increased synergy of the contraction (decreased phase deviation from a median of 20.0 degrees to median of 12.4 degrees and 13.0 degrees, respectively, p less than 0.01) and increased ejection fraction from a median of 46% to a median of 50% and 51%, respectively, p less than 0.05. It is suggested that the improvement of left ventricular function may be due in part to decreased pressure rate product. This improved left ventricular function during diltiazem treatment may explain the improved prognosis induced by diltiazem in postinfarction patients. PMID- 3233801 TI - Relation between serum digoxin concentration and the electrocardiogram. AB - The relation between serum digoxin concentration and the electrocardiogram was assessed by correlating computerized measurements of electrocardiographic parameters (PR, QRS, QT and QTc intervals, ST segment, and T-wave amplitude) with the serum digoxin concentration in 97 patients on digoxin maintenance therapy and in 40 nondigitalized control subjects. None of the patients had unstable ischemic heart disease, electrolyte disorders, medication known to influence the ST segment, and/or the presence of a bundle-branch block or ventricular hypertrophy. We found a trend toward lengthened PR interval and shortened QT and QTc intervals in digitalized versus nondigitalized patients. Increasing serum digoxin concentrations were associated with progressive depression of the ST segment and decreased T-wave amplitude (p less than 0.001). A normal ST segment in four leads (I, aVF, V5, V6) excluded the presence of a serum digoxin concentration greater than 1.3 ng/ml in our patients, whereas severe ST-segment depression with a J point of greater than or equal to 100 microV was a strong indicator for the presence of a serum digoxin concentration greater than 2.0 ng/ml in our selected patient population (specificity 99%, sensitivity 30%, predictive accuracy 85%). We conclude that computerized electrocardiographic analysis of the ST segment may provide clinically useful information for the management of selected patients on digitalis therapy and may therefore increase the diagnostic yield of the electrocardiogram in predicting the presence of higher serum digoxin concentrations in a small but significant percentage of patients. PMID- 3233802 TI - Ischemic blocks during early phase of anterior myocardial infarction: correlation with ST-segment shift. AB - Of 760 consecutive cases with anterior acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 55 developed acute bundle-branch block (BBB), fascicular block, or high-degree atrioventricular block during the hyperacute ECG stage of AMI. According to the direction of the ST segment during the acute ischemic episode, patients were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 32 patients who developed BBB during ST-segment elevation, positive T wave, and absent or minimal Q wave. Group B consisted of 23 patients who developed BBB during ST-segment depression and evolved into anterior AMI. Group A was characterized by a higher incidence of right BBB and left anterior hemiblock [91% vs. 26% and 56% vs. 13%, respectively (p less than 0.005)]. Group B was characterized by a higher incidence of left BBB and left posterior hemiblock [57% vs. 9% and 26% vs. 12%, respectively (p less than 0.001)]. The BBB was transient (disappearing within hours to one day) in 14 patients in Group A and in 5 patients in Group B. The incidence of progression to high-degree atrioventricular block was almost equal in the two groups (25% and 26%). The mortality rate was very high in both groups, but higher in Group B [74% vs. 59% (p = NS)] especially in those with LBBB (85%). Most patients died on the day of occurrence of BBB [Group A, 50% vs. Group B, 70% (p = NS)]. The causes of death in both groups were cardiogenic shock and/or electromechanical dissociation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233803 TI - Evaluation of left ventricular contractile performance from baseline stress shortening data in humans: comparison with pharmacological afterload challenge. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the baseline stress-shortening data reflect the contractile state adequately and give results comparable to the evaluation of the end-systolic stress-shortening relationships using pharmacological manipulation of afterload. Five groups were studied (total 152 patients): a control group of 30 healthy volunteers, 32 patients after surgical correction of infantile tetralogy of Fallot, 50 patients treated for childhood malignancies with doxorubicin, 17 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due to systemic hypertension, and 23 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. In all patients except those with congestive cardiomyopathy, afterload was altered pharmacologically to evaluate the individual stress-shortening relationship. In all patients the baseline stress-shortening data were evaluated, as well as their relative positions to two predefined normal ranges for the relationship between end-systolic stress and shortening. Additionally, a slope value was calculated from the baseline data of the five groups studied and compared with the data obtained by pharmacological afterload increment. Our data show that the comparison of individual baseline data of end-systolic wall stress and fractional shortening with predefined normal ranges for the relationship between end systolic stress and shortening is inadequate. The appropriate normal range to compare with is the 95% confidence interval of baseline stress-shortening data in normal subjects. Also the calculation of a slope value from the baseline stress shortening data of a group of patients seems to be inappropriate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233804 TI - Quantitation of myocardial fibrosis and its relation to function in essential hypertension and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Myocardial interstitial fibrosis is an important microscopic feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. To determine whether interstitial fibrosis of the myocardium in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and essential hypertension differ in quality or quantity, and to determine whether fibrosis affects cardiac function directly, we measured the percentage of fibrosis in patients of both categories and compared the severity of fibrosis with several cardiac functions. Left and right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies were performed in 25 patients with essential hypertension and in 19 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Interstitial fibrosis was classified into four different microscopic types, and the percentage of total and of each type was calculated using the point-counting method. Although the percentage of total fibrosis was similar between the two groups, the type of fibrosis was different. There was no correlation between the percentage of total fibrosis and the mean size of myocytes in either group. Although there was a significant correlation between the percentage of total fibrosis and the thickness of the interventricular septum in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, such correlation was lacking in hypertension. There was no correlation between the percentage of total fibrosis and the ejection fraction, cardiac index, or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in either group. We concluded that the amount of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is no greater than that in essential hypertension, but the type of fibrosis is different. Furthermore, in subjects in whom the ejection fraction is normal or only slightly decreased, fibrosis does not influence global cardiac functions. PMID- 3233805 TI - Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and intact atrial septum with mitral stenosis: the paradox of a small shunt. AB - Clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic features of 10 patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, intact atrial septum, and rheumatic mitral stenosis have been presented. Seventeen patients with this combination of anomalies reported in the literature have also been reviewed. The clinical diagnosis of mitral stenosis was possible in each of our 10 cases. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and intact atrial septum in addition to mitral stenosis was clinically suspected in only four patients. The findings suggesting additional presence of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and intact atrial septum in a patient with mitral stenosis include: wide variable splitting of the second sound, pulmonary ejection systolic murmur with or without a thrill, and radiological evidence of unilateral increase in pulmonary vascularity or unilateral hilar pulsations. Hemodynamic findings were characterized by a relatively modest left to right shunt (Qp/Qs:2.2 +/- 1.4). Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance was found in the anomalously draining as well as the normally draining lung segments (9.1 +/- 4.9 and 6.5 +/- 3.4 units, respectively, t = 1.32;NS). The mechanism of the unexpected high resistance in the anomalously draining lung segments permitting only a small left to right shunt is discussed. PMID- 3233806 TI - Infection risk of cardiac catheterization and arterial angiography with single and multiple use disposable catheters. AB - In a prospective study from November 1986 to June 1987, a cohort of 414 patients underwent cardiac catheterization or angiography with either multiple use or single use disposable catheters: 161 patients were studied with 426 single use catheters, 152 patients with 384 multiple use catheters which were resterilized once or twice, and 101 patients with 325 multiple use catheters reprocessed several times. Postcatheterization temperature did not exceed 38.2 degrees C in any patient, but was greater than 37.4 degrees C in 4-6% of the patients studied. No significant differences between the three groups with respect to fever could be observed. Infectious complications associated with cardiac catheterization or angiography did not occur in any case. Of 414 patients, 38 (9.2%) developed hematoma at the puncture site. It is concluded that careful cleaning, disinfection, and resterilization of intravascular catheters with ethylene oxide does not increase the risk of infection. With the rising pressure for containment of health care costs, it is likely that the practice of reprocessing and reuse of expensive intravascular catheters will expand further. PMID- 3233807 TI - Necropsy study of right atrial appendage: morphology and quantitative measurements. AB - The right atrial appendage (RAA) of 23 randomly selected autopsied patients was examined at necropsy, and data related to orifice size and appendicular depth measurements and features of the endocardial surface were recorded. The study included 21 men and 2 women aged 71 +/- 15 years (range, 32-91); underlying coronary artery disease was present in 16 patients. The orifice size of the RAA measured 2.0 +/- 1.0 cm (range, 0-5 cm). The orifice size was slightly, but not significantly, smaller in patients over age 70 years compared with those younger than 70. In hearts weighing more than 450 g, the orifice was significantly larger (2.6 cm) than in hearts weighing less (1.4 cm). The appendicular depth averaged 1.2 +/- 0.7 cm (range, 0-2.5 cm), and a significant difference was noted in patients older and younger than 70 years (depth of 0.9 cm vs. 1.5 cm; p less than 0.05). The RAA depth was 0.5 cm or less in 8 patients (35%), 6 of whom represented patients older than 70 years. Antemortem mural thrombi within the RAA were found in three hearts and completely filled the lumen in one. The suitability of the RAA as a site for atrial pacing and secure electrode implantation, particularly when anatomical deficiencies are identified, was also considered. Atrial lead displacement, a relatively common postoperative complication, may be related more to implantation within a shallow appendicular fossa and/or one with larger orifice than to faulty technique.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233808 TI - Coronary arterial embolism due to valvular debris after percutaneous valvuloplasty of calcific mitral stenosis. AB - A 74-year-old woman with refractory congestive heart failure due to long-standing calcific mitral stenosis who refused surgical intervention was treated with percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. After an uneventful procedure, hemodynamic results were satisfactory with an increase in the mitral valve area from 0.4 to 1.1 cm2. Five hours after the procedure, the patient had a bout of vomiting followed by pulmonary aspiration. Electrocardiography, and in the further course, creatine kinase MB elevation, showed anterior myocardial infarction. Necropsy disclosed embolic material in the mid left anterior descending artery which unequivocally consisted of valvular material. This case demonstrates embolism of valvular debris as a life-threatening, procedure-related complication of percutaneous valvuloplasty of calcific mitral stenosis. PMID- 3233809 TI - Swallowing-induced arrhythmia. AB - Deglutition tachyarrhythmia, first reported in 1926 by Sakai and Mori, is a rare clinical entity. Vagal reflex has been supposed to be responsible for the induction of the arrhythmia. We have recently studied a patient with swallowing induced premature atrial contractions. Atropine sulfate and catecholamine infusion increased the frequency of the arrhythmia, while beta blockade suppressed it. It is suggested that the mechanism of the swallowing-induced arrhythmia might be related to a sympathetic reflex. As far as we know, there have been few reports in which the sympathetic reflex was proposed to be responsible for the arrhythmia. PMID- 3233810 TI - Acute aortic dissection associated with cocaine abuse. PMID- 3233812 TI - Hemodynamic effects of intravenously administered magnesium on patients with ischemic heart disease. AB - Central hemodynamic parameters were registered by right-side heart catheterization before and after intravenous administration of 12 mmol magnesium chloride (MgCl) in 15 patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and heart failure, New York Heart Association classes II and III. Serum magnesium concentrations increased from 0.76 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SD) to 1.54 +/- 0.05 mmol/l, which resulted in a reduction in mean arterial as well as pulmonary artery pressure by 10% (p less than 0.0001) and 7% (p less than 0.05), respectively. This reduction was caused by a marked decrease in systemic as well as pulmonary vascular resistance (from 1323 +/- 205 to 1132 +/- 158 dyn.s/cm5, p less than 0.001 and from 156 +/- 73 to 133 +/- 72 dyn.s/cm5 (p less than 0.05). Heart rate, cardiac index, stroke volume index, and stroke work index increased slightly, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Right and left ventricular filling pressures were not influenced, which indicates that the dilatory effect of magnesium, at the dosages used in the present study, is pronounced only at the arterial side of the vascular bed. The observed hemodynamic effects of the magnesium infusions may be beneficial in the setting of an acute myocardial infarction by reducing left ventricular afterload, which, together with the antiarrhythmic effect of magnesium may contribute to the positive effect of magnesium infusions on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3233811 TI - A system approach to intravenous thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction in community hospitals: the influence of paramedics. AB - During a 3-year period, intravenous streptokinase (IV STK) was given to 110 consecutive patients ages 34-78 in the course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in three community hospitals served by the same paramedic system. 1.5 million units of IV STK was given over 30 minutes. Half of the patients were brought to the hospital by paramedics. The average time from onset of pain to administration of IV STK was 107 minutes in the paramedic group and 182 minutes for the others. Of 110 patients, 98 (89%) showed clinical evidence of reperfusion and 94 of 106 patients (89%) showed angiographic reperfusion. Angiography was performed from 1 to 10 days post-AMI. Mean time to angiography was 6 days for the first 58 patients and 2 days for the last 52 patients. In-hospital mortality was 2 of 110 patients and there was 1 late death at 8 months for an overall 3-year mortality 2.7%. Of 86 patients, 83 (96%) working before their infarct are working now. Of 107 survivors, 96 (90%) are Functional Class I. CONCLUSIONS: (1) IV STK is safely administered in a high percentage of AMI patients. (2) IV STK is safely administered in community hospitals. (3) Paramedics act as an early warning system and allow for earlier treatment than patients presenting without paramedic involvement. (4) Successful coronary reperfusion with IV STK results in low mortality rates and minimizes functional disability. (5) A system-wide approach to reducing time to treatment in AMI may be the most influential factor in affecting morbidity and mortality. PMID- 3233813 TI - Effects of transient increase in intrathoracic pressure on hemodynamic determinants of myocardial oxygen supply and demand. AB - Effects of transient increases in intrathoracic pressure on hemodynamic indexes of myocardial oxygen supply and demand were evaluated in 21 patients with ischemic heart disease. Left ventricular, ascending aortic, and right atrial pressures and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded while a Valsalva maneuver was performed during ischemia. Myocardial oxygen demand was assessed from the tension time index (TTI) and cardiac size and potential myocardial oxygen supply were assessed from a diastolic pressure time index (DPTI) and relative changes in supply/demand ratio from DPTI/TTI. During an asymptomatic interval an abrupt but small transient decrease in TTI and cardiac size occurred during phase II (p less than 0.05) of the Valsalva maneuver. DPTI did not change significantly and DPTI/TTI increased (p less than 0.05). When Valsalva maneuver was initiated during angina, 16 patients reported prompt and complete relief of angina, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure declined following the maneuver. Relief of ischemia occurred uniformly during the latter part of straining (phase II) coincident with the peak reduction in TTI, cardiac size, and increase in DPTI/TTI. These data indicate that a transient increase in intrathoracic pressure results in a decrease in hemodynamic determinants of myocardial oxygen demand and an increase in the myocardial oxygen supply:demand ratio. PMID- 3233814 TI - Heart rate, PR, and QT intervals in normal children: a 24-hour Holter monitoring study. AB - A dynamic electrocardiographic Holter monitoring study was performed in 32 healthy children (20 males and 12 females, age range 6-11 years old), without heart disease, according to clinical and noninvasive instrumental examination. We evaluated atrioventricular conduction time (PR), heart rate (HR), and QT interval patterns defining the range of normality of these electrocardiographic parameters. The PR interval ranged from 154 +/- 10 ms (mean +/- SD) for HR less than or equal to 60 to 102 +/- 12 ms for HR greater than or equal to 120 (range 85-180). The absolute mean HR was 87 +/- 10 beats/min (range 72-104), the minimum observed HR being 61 +/- 10 (range 51-79), the maximum 160 +/- 20 beats/min (range 129-186). Daytime mean HR gave a mean value of 93 +/- 10 (range 71-148), while during night hours it was 74 +/- 11 (range 54-98). The minimum QT interval averaged 261 +/- 10 ms for HR greater than 120 and the maximum 389 +/- 9 ms for HR less than or equal to 60; the corresponding mean value of QTc (i.e., QT corrected for HR) ranged from 388 +/- 8 for HR less than or equal to 60 beats/min to 403 +/- 14 ms for HR greater than 120 beats/min. The results of the present study provide data of normal children which can be readily compared against those of subjects in whom cardiac abnormalities are suspect or patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233816 TI - Septal rupture: effect of oxygen administration. AB - A patient with interventricular septal rupture as a complication of myocardial infarction was studied to determine whether varying the concentration of inspired oxygen would alter the magnitude of intracardiac shunt. A significant correlation was found showing that high concentration of inspired oxygen results in increased left to right shunting probably due to systemic vasoconstriction and pulmonary vasodilatation. PMID- 3233815 TI - Detection of impaired left ventricular function in coronary artery disease with acceleration index in the first derivative of the transthoracic impedance change. AB - In order to detect impaired left ventricular (LV) function in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients using acceleration index (Ac) of impedance cardiography (ICG), exercise ICG was performed in 29 patients with chest pain but without CAD (Group 1) and 21 patients with CAD (Group 2), and their resting values were compared with 30 healthy controls (Group 3). The acceleration index, which reflects indirectly aortic blood flow acceleration, was calculated as the ratio of dZ/dtmax to its accelerating time (AT). At rest, the values for Ac in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 23 +/- 10, 15 +/- 6, and 36 +/- 13 omega/s2, respectively. There were significant differences between Group 1 versus 3, 2 versus 3, and 1 versus 2 (all p less than 0.001). At maximal exercise, Ac showed the largest percent change among the various indices used in this study. An increase of 198% for Group 2 was markedly lower than that of 250% in Group 1 (40 +/- 14 vs. 68 +/- 24 omega/s2, p less than 0.001). With a value of less than or equal to 40 omega/s2, Ac can detect the CAD patients, with a sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 90%, superior to stress ECG using CM5 lead. It is concluded that: (1) Ac is the sole index capable of distinguishing not only between the normals and diseased groups, but also between CAD patients and suspected CAD cases at rest. (2) Ac is a remarkably sensitive index for detecting impaired LV function at maximal exercise. (3) Exercise ICG is useful for predicting CAD from the population predisposing to CAD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233817 TI - Unusual electrocardiogram in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Electrocardiographic criteria of right ventricular hypertrophy were found in a 17 year-old male with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involving the left ventricle. Right ventricular hypertrophy pattern is a rare electrocardiographic abnormality in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the presence of Q waves in leads V5-V6 could be helpful in differentiating this syndrome from true right ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 3233818 TI - Multiform accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) in a child with acute myocarditis. AB - Acute myocarditis is complicated by various types of conducting disturbances and heart failure. We describe the case of a school boy with acute myocarditis, who developed various types of conduction disturbances, including multiform accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR), during convalescence from severe pump failure. Multiform AIVR has been reported mostly in adults but, to the best of our knowledge, not in children. The arrhythmia noted in our patient persisted for only 2 days and disappeared with recovery. PMID- 3233819 TI - Anti-hormones in obstetrics and gynaecology: ethical and social issues. PMID- 3233820 TI - Anti-hormones in clinical gynaecology. PMID- 3233822 TI - [Pupillary light reflex in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration--a frequency response analysis]. PMID- 3233821 TI - The use of anti-progesterones as a medical IUD. AB - Mifepristone holds promise as a safe and effective anti-progesterone. Widespread use of mifepristone to regularize cycles or prevent pregnancy, however, cannot be recommended at this time. The drug is promising for these uses but the dose and timing of administration required to achieve optimum effect are unknown. Menses are consistently induced in the mid to late luteal phase at a wide range of doses. Further work needs to be done to examine the luteolytic properties of the drug when given at this time. Knowledge about the serum concentration of the parent compound and its less active metabolites after oral administration may help to explain variable biological effects. The effects of other modes of administration, such as transdermal or transvaginal application which avoid a first-pass effect by the liver, should also be explored. Practical issues of the timing of administration need to be resolved. The drug is not effective when given in the absence of luteal phase levels of progesterone. Thus, verification of luteal phase status before the administration of the drug would be ideal. Basal body temperature monitoring may be one way to do this. There is no other convenient way to determine serum levels of progesterone that would be feasible on a large-scale outpatient basis. Since mifepristone does not regulate the timing of ovulation, the optimal time of administration may vary from cycle to cycle. This presumes a high degree of willingness on the part of the woman to observe her cycles and participate in decisions regarding the timing of the drug. Mifepristone, the first clinically available anti-progesterone, represents a significant advance in fertility control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233823 TI - [A case report of a patient with an arterio-venous malformation in the cisterna magna supplied by bilateral ascending pharyngeal arteries]. PMID- 3233824 TI - [Clinico-anatomical correlations of left posterior cerebral artery occlusion: alexia without agraphia, color anomia, and memory disturbance]. PMID- 3233825 TI - [A case of superior cerebellar artery syndrome with ocular lateropulsion contralateral to the cerebellar lesion]. PMID- 3233826 TI - [A case of herpes simplex encephalitis associated with severe uveitis]. PMID- 3233827 TI - [Familial chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia syndrome with hypertrichosis and bilateral striatal necrosis]. PMID- 3233828 TI - [Plasma vasopressin responses to orthostasis and hypertonic saline infusion in progressive autonomic failure]. PMID- 3233829 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of skeletal muscle]. PMID- 3233831 TI - [An adult case of Cockayne syndrome with protracted clinical course--a study of ultraviolet irradiation test using cultured skin fibroblasts]. PMID- 3233830 TI - [Skeletal muscle MRI findings in autosomal recessive distal muscular dystrophy (Miyoshi)]. PMID- 3233832 TI - [Central motor conduction time in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Shy-Drager syndrome]. PMID- 3233833 TI - [Clinical significance of CSF guanase activity in patient with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3233834 TI - [A case of startle disease--electrophysiological analysis]. PMID- 3233835 TI - [An autopsy case of malignant melanoma possibly originating in the sphenoid sinus]. PMID- 3233836 TI - [Studies on the clinical feature of 5 patients with long-standing muscular atrophy limited to unilateral lower leg]. PMID- 3233837 TI - [Morphometrical study on muscle specimens in motor neuron disease--muscle fiber diameter, type grouping and type IIc]. PMID- 3233838 TI - [A case report of pyridostigmine induced parkinsonism]. PMID- 3233839 TI - [A case of distal muscular dystrophy (Miyoshi), characterized by early involvement in paravertebral muscle and atypical changes in muscle biopsy specimen]. PMID- 3233840 TI - [An autopsy case of cryptococcal meningitis associated with smoldering adult T cell leukemia]. PMID- 3233841 TI - [An autopsy case of Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker's disease with family history]. PMID- 3233842 TI - [Familial bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy with sensory involvement--morphological studies of biopsied sural nerve in two patients]. PMID- 3233843 TI - [Clinical and biochemical studies of a family of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy including a late-onset patient]. PMID- 3233844 TI - [A case of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with diurnal fluctuation of clinical symptoms during administration of prednisolone]. PMID- 3233845 TI - [Long-term follow-up study of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody titers and clinical symptoms in patients with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3233847 TI - [Intellectual function and event-related potentials in locked-in state]. PMID- 3233846 TI - [Aminopeptidases in sera from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 3233848 TI - [A case of slowly progressive aphasia before presenting generalized dementia]. PMID- 3233849 TI - [Central motor conduction in cerebrovascular disease and motor neuron disease]. PMID- 3233850 TI - [Polymyositis associated with aseptic meningitis: a case report]. PMID- 3233851 TI - [Clinicopathological study of muscular ball ("boule musculaire")]. PMID- 3233852 TI - [Event-related potentials and reaction time on auditory discrimination tasks in normal subjects]. PMID- 3233853 TI - [Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) associated with acute optic neuritis]. PMID- 3233854 TI - [Bilateral horizontal gaze palsy due to hemi-tegmental lesion in a case of pontine infarction]. PMID- 3233856 TI - [Central sensory and motor conduction in adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) and tabes dorsalis]. PMID- 3233855 TI - [Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis as a complication of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3233857 TI - The cavernous sinus syndrome. An anatomical and clinical study. AB - The cavernous sinus is often involved pathologically, which can cause ocular motor nerve palsies with or without facial sensory disturbances. Consequently several clinical features of ocular motor nerve palsies have been described. In this article we present a study of the cavernous sinus syndrome, and compare this syndrome with other nerve palsy syndromes caused by lesions in or adjacent to the cavernous sinus. The clinical features are explained by means of an anatomical study of the cavernous sinus. PMID- 3233858 TI - Unilateral involuntary movements of acute onset in the adult, nine case reports and an alternative pathophysiological hypothesis. AB - During the last decade nine adult patients were seen with an unilateral choreoathetosis or choreoballism of acute onset. In seven a hemodynamically significant lesion in a carotid artery has been detected; in four the artery was completely occluded. In one there was a subclavian steal syndrome, and in another the etiology remained unclear. Three patients had their dyskinesia at the same side as the carotid artery lesion, and four at the controlateral side. PMID- 3233859 TI - Nimodipine treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - In a pilot study of 6 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured intracranial (grade IV (Hunt and Hess) aneurysm the hemodynamics and plasma nimodipine concentrations have been observed during a 3-week period of treatment. We found that 3 patients developed reversible hypotension during the nimodipine treatment and that the hypotension tendency could be related to the plasma nimodipine level and not to a more or less severe sensitivity to nimodipine. Repeated measurements of blood pressure, plasma-nimodipine and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) are necessary for the purpose of obtaining the optimum treatment and for evaluating the effect of treatment. PMID- 3233860 TI - Peripheral facial nerve paralysis in children: the value of routine diagnostic work-up studies. AB - Acute facial nerve paralysis is a relatively common pediatric disorder. Idiopathic facial nerve palsy (Bell's palsy) has to be distinguished from other etiologies. Retrospective review of the results of routine diagnostic work-up studies of our patients, failed to reveal any clinically significant abnormalities and did not provide more data as far as etiology or indication for management. Significant history and positive findings on physical examination should direct the physician towards specific diagnostic procedures. PMID- 3233861 TI - Early operation of ruptured basilar artery aneurysm associated with bilateral carotid occlusion (moyamoya disease). AB - A 34-year-old Caucasian man presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography revealed bilateral carotid occlusion at the cavernous sinus and an aneurysm at the basilar artery bifurcation. The whole brain was supplied with blood from the basilar artery and posterior cerebral arteries through a large number of collateral vessels to the internal carotid artery bifurcation, middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries: the moyamoya phenomenon. The aneurysm was clipped within hours of the subarachnoid hemorrhage. The relation between moyamoya disease and basilar artery aneurysms is discussed and some surgical and management considerations are given. PMID- 3233862 TI - Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome): not always multiple sclerosis. AB - A patient is presented with clinical signs and symptoms of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome). The clinical findings, the cerebrospinal fluid findings and the Magnetic Resonance Imaging findings in our patient demonstrate that neuromyelitis optica is not always a form of Multiple Sclerosis. It can also be a manifestation of other demyelinating diseases, for example Disseminated Encephalomyelitis. PMID- 3233863 TI - Brain abscess following insertion of skull traction. AB - A case of brain abscess developing 2 weeks after insertion of skull tongs is reported. The abscess was treated with aspiration and appropriate antibiotic therapy and its complete resolution was confirmed by CT scan. The pathogenesis, through retrograde spread of superficial infection to durocortical veins, is discussed in the light of serial CT scans at different stages of formation and treatment of the abscess. PMID- 3233864 TI - Myoclonic activity associated with cefmetazole, with a review of neurotoxicity of cephalosporins. AB - We reported a case of a 66-year-old female with uremia who developed myoclonic activity after administration of cefmetazole (4g/2 days). Curiously, the level of the antibiotics (236 micrograms/ml) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was higher than that in the blood (103 micrograms/ml). Myoclonic activity faded away after cessation of the antibiotics. This is the first case reported developing neurotoxicity associated with intravenous administration of cefmetazole. In addition, the curious pharmacokinetic dynamics of cephalosporin in uremia is discussed. PMID- 3233865 TI - Dipyridamole thallium-201 myocardial imaging. Complications associated with oral and intravenous routes of administration. AB - Previous reports have shown that TI-201 myocardial imaging with either an oral or intravenous administration of dipyridamole is a suitable diagnostic examination for patients at risk for coronary artery disease who cannot perform treadmill exercise. To compare the incidence of complications associated with these two routes of drug administration, the records of 78 oral and 97 intravenous dipyridamole TI-201 imaging studies were reviewed. The oral administration is associated with a significantly higher incidence of nausea (15% vs. 4%). Despite the higher incidence of nausea, the percentage of patients having one or more dipyridamole-induced symptoms was no greater for the oral (29%) than for the intravenous (37%) administration. Intravenous administration produced both a significantly higher incidence of atypical angina (14% vs. 4%) and a significantly greater increase in heart rate (16.6 vs. 10.2 beats per minute). No patient in either the oral or intravenous dipyridamole protocols had life threatening arrhythmias or myocardial infarctions. In clinical practice, the difference in complications associated with the oral and intravenous administration of dipyridamole for TI-201 imaging is not significant. PMID- 3233866 TI - Acute radiation nephritis. Its evolution on sequential bone imaging. AB - Acute radiation nephritis typically affects the kidneys 3-12 months after radiation exposure and may occur with doses as low as 2500 rads. After an initial latent period, the affected portions of the kidneys become swollen and edematous, and develop multiple petechiae. Necrotizing vasculitis and interstitial hemorrhage occur, and the end stage is that of scarring. Two patients are presented in whom localized acute radiation nephritis developed, and whose kidneys demonstrated the characteristic sequential changes of this entity on serial bone imaging. PMID- 3233868 TI - Bone imaging as an aid for the diagnosis of osteopoikilosis. AB - An unusual case of osteopoikilosis was found in a 52-year-old black woman. The rather large diffuse focal increased densities involving the ribs, spine, and pelvis as seen in the roentgenograms were believed to represent metastatic bone lesions. The normal nuclide bone images helped revise the diagnosis to osteopoikilosis. Early recognition of osteopoikilosis would have prevented the patient's apprehension and the extensive work-up for the primary tumor. PMID- 3233867 TI - Gallium-67 imaging in the evaluation of thyroid malignancy. AB - One hundred thirty-six patients with suspected thyroid malignancy were studied prospectively with Ga-67 imaging of the thyroid and whole body. All patients subsequently had diagnoses proven by biopsy or surgical resection. Patients with malignant tumors (anaplastic carcinoma, malignant lymphoma, adenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, adenocarcinoma with squamous cell transformation, and metastases to the thyroid from other tumors) were examined serially after appropriate therapy. The authors draw on their own experience and a literature review to propose the following indications for Ga-67 imaging in patients with thyroid disease: 1) suspected anaplastic carcinoma or malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland, 2) detection of distant metastases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and malignant lymphoma, 3) evaluation of efficacy of therapy, 4) suspected metastases to the thyroid gland from other malignancies, and 5) differentiation of malignant lymphoma from chronic thyroiditis. The strengths, limitations, and potential pit-falls of the technique are discussed. PMID- 3233869 TI - Cutaneous fistula communicating with the hip in a patient with a painful total hip prosthesis. Demonstration by radionuclide arthrography. AB - Radionuclide arthrography is becoming increasingly useful in the evaluation of femoral component loosening in patients with a painful total hip prosthesis. Additional potential advantages of radionuclide arthrography include detection of abnormal communications with the hip, such as bursae, abscess cavities, and fistulas. A case of cutaneous fistula communicating with the hip in a patient with loosening and infection of the femoral component of the total hip prosthesis that is clearly demonstrated by radionuclide arthrography is presented. PMID- 3233870 TI - Gallium-67 and pulmonary complications of amiodarone. AB - A 66-year-old white man with amiodarone pneumonitis is presented. The diagnosis was made with the aid of Ga-67 imaging, which is a sensitive method of detecting amiodarone pulmonary toxicity in patients with symptomatic pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs. Ga-67 imaging is especially useful in distinguishing amiodarone pneumonitis from congestive heart failure. PMID- 3233871 TI - Gallium-67 imaging and computed tomography in early retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - Retroperitoneal fibrosis is characterized by symptoms associated with gradual compression of retroperitoneal structures. This case report demonstrates the use of Ga-67 imaging and CT in the early diagnostic work-up of this disorder. PMID- 3233872 TI - Scintigraphic detection of hemobilia and hemoperitoneum secondary to rupture of hepatic artery aneurysm. AB - Hemobilia frequently presents with variable gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding, biliary colic, and jaundice and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obscure blood loss from the GI tract. Reported here is a case of a ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm that was diagnosed using Tc-99m labeled red blood cells. Delayed images demonstrated both hemobilia and free intraperitoneal hemorrhage, which were subsequently confirmed by computed tomography and laparotomy. A similar case has not been previously reported in the scintigraphic literature. PMID- 3233873 TI - Congenital nephrotic syndrome. Gallium-67 imaging. AB - Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a rare disorder. Heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema occur during the first 3 months of life. Initial cases were reported from Finland and sporadic cases have occurred elsewhere. Finnish cases demonstrated an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern; currently, Finnish and non-Finnish types are recognized. The clinical course consists of failure to thrive, frequent infections, declining renal function, and early death by age 4 years from sepsis or uremia. Recently renal transplantation has improved the prognosis of patients with this disease. An abnormal Ga-67 scan in a case of congenital nephrotic syndrome is presented. PMID- 3233874 TI - Prolapse of the urinary bladder demonstrated on bone imaging. AB - A urinary bladder, not demonstrable in the pelvis during a bone scan, was noted to have prolapsed. PMID- 3233875 TI - Intestinal malrotation diagnosed by cholescintigraphy. AB - Malrotation of the gut is a congenital abnormality in which the primitive intestinal loop fails to undergo rotation to its normal adult position. Rotation of the gut may become arrested at any stage, producing abnormal locations of the intestines within the abdomen. Malrotation may cause intestinal obstruction or volvulus or may remain asymptomatic. The case presented here illustrates asymptomatic malrotation of the gut, first detected by cholescintigraphy. PMID- 3233876 TI - Pseudoaneurysm of the celiac artery demonstrated by radionuclide angiography. AB - The usefulness of radionuclide angiography in patients with vascular occlusion or aneurysm is well documented. In this paper, a rare case of pseudoaneurysm of the celiac artery demonstrated by radionuclide angiography is reported. PMID- 3233877 TI - Functional hyposplenia in a child with the AIDS-related complex. AB - Functional hyposplenia can be defined as decreased splenic phagocytosis. A case of functional hyposplenia is reported in a child with AIDS-related complex. PMID- 3233878 TI - Platelet thromboxane A2 synthesizing capacity is enhanced by fasting but diminished by diabetes mellitus in the rat. AB - In order to investigate whether the hyperaggregability of platelets in diabetic and starved rats was due to an increase in the inherent capability of these platelets to synthesize thromboxane A2, we assessed the total thromboxane A2 synthesizing capacity of platelets in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and rats which have been semistarved (nine days) or fasted for various periods (24-72 h). Fasting for 48 h or more and semistarvation resulted in highly significant increases in thromboxane A2 synthesizing capacity. Experimental diabetes, however, resulted in a marked diminution in thromboxane A2 synthesizing capacity. This decrease in thromboxane A2 synthesizing capacity was prevented in diabetic rats treated with insulin. We conclude that while the hyperaggregability of starvation is associated with an increase in thromboxane A2 synthesizing capacity, that of diabetes is associated with a fall in this capacity. The decrease of this capacity in diabetic animals can be prevented by insulin treatment. Total thromboxane A2 synthesizing capacity is therefore not a major determinant of either platelet hyperaggregability or of agonist induced platelet thromboxane A2 release. PMID- 3233879 TI - The stable products of the non-enzymatic glycation of pig crystallins: new findings related to the pathogenesis of diabetic cataracts. AB - The incorporation of 14C-glucose in native pig lens crystallins by in vitro incubation was found, after subsequent dialysis, to affect all five classes of crystallin separated by Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, but four times more radioactivity appeared in the alpha-H fraction than in any of the others (14.25 vs 3.16, 3.25, 1.69 and 2.30 kCPM/mg for alpha-H, alpha-L, beta-H, beta-L and gamma crystallins respectively). The autoradiographs of one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns nevertheless showed the total radioactivity to be quite evenly distributed among the various subunits of the proteins; the alpha-H subunits did not exhibit a markedly greater affinity for glucose than the others. The high levels of stable glycation products in the alpha-H fraction are therefore attributed to the fraction's increasing during glycation rather than to its components being especially susceptible to glycation. This finding is interpreted as supporting the glycation-originated protein hyper-aggregation theory of the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract. PMID- 3233880 TI - Distribution and co-occurrence of MHC class I, II, and III markers in southern Chinese: implications for autoimmune disease. AB - A study of MHC class I, II, and III markers in a group of southern Chinese in Hong Kong is reported. HLA antigen frequencies and complement allele frequencies are given, together with statistically significant pair-wise co-occurrences. Over half of the statistically significant positive and negative linkage disequilibria relate to two extended haplotypes. These haplotypes, or components of them, are associated with a number of diseases in Chinese, particularly diseases of autoimmune origin. One haplotype, A2, Bw46, DRw9, appears to be an analogue of the haplotype A1, B8, DR3 which predisposes to similar diseases in Caucasians. The question is raised of why susceptibility to the same group of diseases in two different racial groups should be related to the haplotypes having the strongest linkage disequilibria within those racial groups. PMID- 3233881 TI - Behcet's disease and major histocompatibility complex class II antigens in Tunisians. AB - Forty-two Tunisian patients suffering from Behcet's disease (23 with uveitis) were typed for HLA-DR and DQ antigens. There was a significant excess of HLA-DQw3 (p less than 0.01) but also an important deficiency of HLA-DRw6 and DQw1 (p less than 0.01). A substantial increase of HLA-DR2 (p less than 0.01) for those with uveitis, and of HLA-DR4, DR7, for the others has been recorded (p less than 0.01). PMID- 3233882 TI - Group specific component (Gc) and HIV diseases. AB - A previous report suggested a relationship between particular phenotypes of group specific component (Gc), and susceptibility or resistance to HIV infection, whereas other recent investigations failed to corroborate this finding. The present study demonstrated that Gc allele frequencies in white homosexual men corresponded to those expected, regardless of HIV serology and related disease. Assignment of phenotype was not influenced by Gc complexing secondary to tissue damage, or the process of infection per se. However, Gc allele frequencies in black patients with AIDS were significantly different from those in black control subjects, suggesting that the previously observed results might be in part explicable on the basis of gene admixture in ethnically mixed populations. PMID- 3233883 TI - Failure to find a B51 IEF variant associated with Behcet's disease. AB - HLA B51 antigen from 8 Italian Behcet's disease (BD) patients and 8 healthy controls were analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF). No differences were found in the migration patterns. PMID- 3233885 TI - Hydrodynamic function of ten prosthetic heart valves in the aortic position. AB - The hydrodynamic function of five mechanical, four pericardial and one porcine size 23 mm aortic prosthetic valves has been analysed by measuring pressure differences, regurgitation and energy losses in our pulsatile flow test rig. St Jude Medical, Hancock pericardial and Mitral Medical pericardial valves had the lowest pressure drop. Calculations of total energy loss showed that the Bjork Shiley monostrut had similar overall function to the above valves, while the Ionescu-Shiley Standard, Ionescu-Shiley Low Profile, Omniscience and Duromedics valves had slightly greater total energy losses. The Bjork-Shiley spherical disc and Wessex Medical porcine valve had the greatest energy losses. The function of the newer designs of pericardial valves compared well with the mechanical valves currently available. PMID- 3233884 TI - Closed-loop control of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen in neonates. AB - A closed-loop control system has been developed to regulate automatically the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) to a pre-set level in neonates with RDS (Respiratory Distress Syndrome). A microcomputer-based system is described which uses the PaO2 value from an indwelling umbilical artery electrode as the input to a robust control algorithm. The derived control signal is used to modify the position of a motor driven oxygen/air blender, thus regulating the percentage of oxygen delivered in the inspired gas mixture. The parameters of the control algorithm were conservatively chosen, and the safety aspects of the system are discussed. A total of 48 h of closed-loop control were recorded on seven pre-term infants with mild-to-moderate RDS being nursed in headboxes. Ten separate closed loop control intervals were recorded, and overall the results showed a marked improvement over comparable periods of manual control. The percentage of time for which the recorded PaO2 was within +/- 1 kPa of the chosen target value (10 kPa) was 74.9 +/- 10.2% when averaged over the ten closed-loop control periods. The corresponding figure for the comparable manual control intervals was 45.2 +/- 16.0%. PMID- 3233886 TI - Repeatability of peripheral pulse measurements on ears, fingers and toes using photoelectric plethysmography. AB - Peripheral pulses have been recorded and analysed to determine the accuracy with which pulse transit times (PTTs) can be measured. Measurements of PTT between the ECG Q-wave and various peripheral sites were made in 10 normal subjects on 10 separate days. Mean values were determined for the ears (174 ms), fingers (245 ms), and toes (361 ms). The technique was sufficiently accurate to detect small changes in PTT due to changes in posture; sitting to lying, 5.2 ms. When comparing simultaneous measurements on bilateral sites only small differences in PTT were discovered, and these were not significant in the study group as a whole. However, these differences were significant in some individuals. When the subjects raised a single arm or leg, significant differences (38 ms and 49 ms respectively) were recorded between sides. The day-to-day repeatability sigma (expressed as the square root of the within-subject mean square variance) of individual PTT measurements on a subject (supine) was for ears, fingers and toes respectively 9.4, 9.2 and 12 ms. For right-left differences the repeatability was 7.2, 5.9 and 14 ms. Hence changes in PTTs, or differences between right and left sides, can be detected from single measurements with 95% confidence if they exceed approximately 20 ms in ears or fingers and 30 ms in toes. PMID- 3233887 TI - Accurate measurement of airway thermal challenge. AB - Rapid and accurate measurement of air temperature is needed to determine both heat and water losses from the respiratory tract during breathing. We have designed, constructed and validated a low dead-space, two-channel valve/mouthpiece which prevents mixing of inspired and expired air outside the body. The effects of airflow on the thermocouple response time and of thermocouple position within the airstream on the temperature measured were assessed. The 63% thermocouple response time fell from 159 to 78.8 ms as airflow rose from 23.7 to 297 1 min-1, a range including the peak flows observed while breathing at rest and during exercise. Measurement of temperature profiles across the valve/mouthpiece at different flows indicated that thermocouples were best positioned at the centre of the airstream, though small deviations did not adversely affect accuracy. PMID- 3233888 TI - The transient thermal clearance method for regional blood flow measurement--the influence of tissue heat conduction. AB - When heat is supplied to or retrieved from living tissue, the heat in or out is either conducted by means of the tissue or convected by blood. In order quantitatively to assess blood flow by thermal clearance the contributions of conduction and convection have to be separated, and various methods have been developed for this purpose. The various methods are reviewed and it is shown that the adequacy of each depends on the specific thermal clearance method used. The review concentrates on aspects of the role of thermal conduction in the non invasive transient thermal clearance method. It is shown that by applying correct methodology, for regional blood flow of around 0.0025 ml blood per ml tissue per second the predominant contribution to the heat transfer is by convection. However, if the regional blood flow is much lower, the effect of heat conduction cannot be ignored. PMID- 3233889 TI - Assessment of regional blood flow and specific microvascular resistance in the foot by means of the transient thermal clearance method. AB - Measurements of skin blood flow have been made in a group of 34 patients presenting with symptoms of peripheral vascular disease. Of the patients, 18 were non-diabetic and the remainder diabetic. Measurements of blood flow were made using the transient thermal clearance method, and of systolic blood pressure in the dorsalis pedis artery using a CW ultrasonic Doppler blood velocimeter and an occluding cuff. There was no difference in pressure index between the two groups. Neither a linear pressure/flow relationship nor the presence of autoregulation was demonstrated. The derivation of specific vascular resistance (SVR) for the two groups shows that in the diabetic it was 7.07 +/- 2.2, while in the non diabetic it was 11.12 +/- 3.9. The difference is significant (P less than 0.005) and suggests that measurement of SVR may be useful in the differential diagnosis of vascular disease. PMID- 3233890 TI - A fast approximation for the calculation of potential distributions in electrical impedance tomography. AB - A number of proposed electrical impedance tomography reconstruction algorithms rely on the assumption that the pattern of potentials produced in an unknown conductivity distribution will be similar to that produced in a uniformly conducting object of the same external dimensions. This potential distribution can be calculated from Laplace's equation. A fast approximation to the solution of Laplace's equation is formulated and tested against experimental and computer generated data. Whilst it does not fully converge to the solution, the approximation is shown to be an improvement over the assumption of semi-infinite boundary conditions and to be very much faster than conventional numerical methods. PMID- 3233891 TI - The volumes of rat and human lung cells as measured by an image analyser. AB - Previous studies of the morphometry of lung cells have required long and tedious measurements involving serial sectioning and the reconstruction of models. However the advent of computer-based image analysers offers a more straightforward, although less direct, method of making such measurements. In the present study a Magiscan has been used to investigate the shapes and sizes of the nuclei from the lung cells of three mammalian species. Associated cellular volumes have also been derived. Based on the measurements of about two hundred cells the mean volumes of rat, beagle and human lung cell nuclei were estimated to be 67 microns 3, 41 microns 3 and 78 microns 3 respectively. Cell volumes were estimated to be about 500 microns 3. It was also confirmed that a sphere is a very poor approximation for the shape of a nucleus, spheroids representing the observations much more closely. PMID- 3233892 TI - A device for measurement of radius of curvature of obstetric forceps. AB - Details of the design of obstetric forceps are important to ensure that they can be used safely for mother and baby. One of the most important measurements is the radius of the cephalic curve of the blades since if this is inappropriate there will be a poor grip on the baby's head and risk of slippage, superficial injury or even intracranial haemorrhage and brain damage because of undue compression. Because of the complex design of the forceps blades, which have a pelvic curve as well as a cephalic curve and a fenestra, the radius of the cephalic curve is difficult to measure. A device was designed to facilitate this measurement and was found to be accurate and reliable in use. This was the first stage in the study to assess the suitability for modern practice of instruments designed many years ago. PMID- 3233893 TI - The quantitative investigation of infrared laser effects on the levels of copper and zinc in various tissues. AB - In order to study the effects of infrared laser irradiation on biological systems, the levels of copper and zinc in various irradiated tissues have been investigated. The zinc level in the muscle of the irradiated group increased (P less than 0.001) compared with the control group while in submandibular glands its level decreased (P less than 0.001). The copper levels in these two types of tissues decreased significantly (P less than 0.001). In irradiated skin, both copper and zinc levels increased compared with the control group (P less than 0.005). Quantitative determination of the trace elements copper and zinc indicated the necessity for more detailed studies of the effect of infrared laser irradiation at the cellular level. PMID- 3233894 TI - Phlebitis associated with vancomycin therapy. PMID- 3233895 TI - Aseptic meningitis associated with muromonab-CD3 therapy. PMID- 3233896 TI - Postinfusion phlebitis after intravenous push versus intravenous piggyback administration of antimicrobial agents. AB - The incidence and severity of phlebitis associated with the i.v. push method versus the i.v. piggyback method of administration of antimicrobial agents were evaluated. All patients admitted to two nursing units of an 886-bed, tertiary care hospital from March through June 1987 who received intravenous cephalosporins or extended-spectrum penicillins were considered for inclusion in the study. The method of administration, either i.v. push or i.v. piggyback, was randomly assigned. Each patient's catheter site was evaluated every 24 hours according to standardized definitions of phlebitis and patency. Information on each patient and venipuncture site also was collected. A total of 319 catheter sites were studied in 155 patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence or severity of postinfusion phlebitis between the i.v. push and the i.v. piggyback groups (41% versus 47%). When studying only those catheter sites discontinued because of phlebitis, the time until development of phlebitis averaged 45 +/- 20.5 hours in the i.v. push group, compared with only 36.2 +/- 17.6 hours in the i.v. piggyback group; this difference was significant. The fact that the catheter sites lasted significantly longer in the i.v. push group, combined with elimination of the cost of syringe infusion pumps or i.v. tubing and minibags, suggests that use of the i.v. push method may result in substantial cost savings. Other advantages associated with the i.v. push method include time savings for nursing personnel and patients and greater ease in scheduling doses of multiple antimicrobial agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233897 TI - Sulindac-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. AB - A case of sulindac-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is described; the etiology, symptoms, and treatment of TEN are reviewed; and sulindac's pharmacokinetic characteristics and other adverse effects are discussed. A 62 year-old black woman was given a prescription for sulindac 150 mg twice daily to relieve pain associated with degenerative joint disease. She also had a nine-year history of type II diabetes mellitus that was being managed with tolbutamide 500 mg once daily. After two weeks of sulindac therapy she developed a rash that spread over her entire body. Sulindac therapy was discontinued, and one day later the patient was admitted to the hospital with a temperature of 104.6 degrees F, conjunctivitis, and an erythematous macular rash over 60% of her body. Initially, therapy included prednisone 160 mg orally every day, applications of silver sulfadiazine cream four times daily for two days, and methylcellulose 0.5% ophthalmic solution (two drops four times daily) for the conjunctivitis. She also received intravenous hydration. By the fifth hospital day the patient's skin lesions and conjunctivitis had improved to the point that the prednisone dosage was tapered to 120 mg, then to 80 mg, and then to nothing over the following three days. Her diabetes was managed by short-term treatment with NPH insulin; however, before discharge, tolbutamide therapy was reinstituted, and insulin was discontinued. At follow-up four weeks after discharge, the patient's skin was largely clear. TEN has multiple etiologies, but the basic mechanism of injury is believed to be an immunological reaction directed at the basal cell layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3233898 TI - Rebound hypertension after discontinuation of transdermal clonidine. PMID- 3233899 TI - Inflammatory disorders of the airways. PMID- 3233900 TI - The use of anticholinergic agents in the treatment of airways disease. AB - Anticholinergic agents are useful bronchodilators, the use of which should not be overlooked in patients with airways diseases. In patients with stable asthma, they are not first-line therapy but may be valuable as adjunctive therapy. In status asthmaticus they add to the bronchodilatation achieved by adrenergic therapy. Their principal role is in the maintenance therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The newer synthetic forms, such as ipratropium bromide, are free of atropine-like side effects and have a wide therapeutic margin. PMID- 3233901 TI - Training professionals to work with the chronically mentally ill. PMID- 3233902 TI - Training professionals to work with the chronically mentally ill. PMID- 3233904 TI - Preparing nurses to work with the chronically mentally ill. AB - Nursing has been a major contributor to the ongoing care of the long term patient for hundreds of years. In recent times, however, its' focus has been changing to reflect a broader range of activities and roles for nurses. Masters level and recently doctoral level programs have sprung up in centers throughout the country. This workforce consists of a true career ladder for professional nurses beginning with the B.S.N. generalist, an advanced Masters' level clinician, and a scientist scholar at the Ph.D. or D.N.Sc. level. This paper describes training and practicum at each level as it relates to the chronic patient. PMID- 3233903 TI - Towards a model social work curriculum for practice with the chronically mentally ill. AB - Social work is well-positioned to mount a major curriculum initiative focused on practice with the chronically mentally ill. The profession's historical legacy, conceptual compatibility with current service needs, and its significant contribution to practice and research are a firm base upon which to build. This paper suggests the content needed to adequately prepare future cadres of professionals and proposes a variety of curriculum strategies for organizing such content. In addition, attention is devoted to the preparation of management personnel. PMID- 3233905 TI - A model community psychiatry curriculum for psychiatric residents. AB - The ability of mental health practitioners to work well with persons with serious long-term mental illness has expanded significantly over the past two decades. Learning to do this well involves acquiring a broad base of knowledge and a complex range of skills. Such knowledge and experience must be incorporated into the basic residency curriculum for general psychiatrists, though with some notable exceptions this has not occurred for a number of important reasons, including money and the new image that psychiatry is trying to assume. The key elements of such a curriculum include 1) specific learning goals, 2) working within an effective treatment system with high quality clinical rotations, 3) good role models, 4) high quality psychiatric supervision, 5) a well-grounded didactic program, and 6) high quality clinical rotations. We discuss these elements in detail, and we describe the training program in community psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin Medical School Department of Psychiatry. Our residency training program and supervising faculty are affiliated with and partially funded by the Mental Health Center of Dane County to the benefit of both. This marriage between the public-sector mental health care provider and the academic psychiatric training program has created benefits for both parents plus a fertile environment for training future generations of psychiatrists. PMID- 3233907 TI - Advances in medical technology over the next 20 years. PMID- 3233908 TI - Development of strategies for evaluating a community intervention programme for cancer prevention through dietary change. PMID- 3233906 TI - Training professionals to work with families of chronic patients. AB - This paper describes a multidisciplinary (psychiatry, psychology, social work) training program which prepares clinicians to work in a collaborative relationship with families of the chronically mentally ill. Content includes an overview of traditional approaches to family roles in major mental illnesses, research findings on family burden, typology of professional-family interactions, and treatment and outcome issues related to older conceptual models of family patient relationships. The training model includes a didactic component on relevant research and theory, incorporating social policy and cross-cultural issues and emphasizing the actual experiences of patients and families within a framework of coping and adaptation. Training in patient and family education, problem management, supportive counseling, and resource knowledge is accompanied by practicum experiences involving longitudinal work with chronic patients and families. Special features in psychiatric residency training are highlighted. PMID- 3233909 TI - Acute hepatitis B infection in Stockport during 1984 and 1985. PMID- 3233910 TI - What response did district medical officers make to the Chernobyl disaster? PMID- 3233911 TI - Input-output relationships in the NHS: inter district variations in ENT surgery within Wales. PMID- 3233912 TI - The Community Health Index--how accurate is it? PMID- 3233913 TI - Trends in the prevalence of severe mental handicap in Sheffield since 1960. PMID- 3233914 TI - Measles--a fire-fighting exercise. PMID- 3233915 TI - A survey of pre-school vaccination programmes in England and Wales. PMID- 3233917 TI - Communicable disease report. April to June 1988. PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. PMID- 3233916 TI - How much does the public know about moles, skin cancer and malignant melanoma? The results of a postal survey. PMID- 3233918 TI - A review of the economics of care for sick newborn infants. PMID- 3233919 TI - Principles of public health. PMID- 3233920 TI - The community medicine contribution to the British Medical Journal and the Lancet. PMID- 3233921 TI - Hospital-based strategy for early diagnosis of cervical neoplasia in the northern part of Italy. PMID- 3233922 TI - An analysis of esterase activities from surgeonfish tissues yields evidence of an atypical pseudocholinesterase. AB - 1. Esterases from tissues of the surgeonfish (Teleostei, Perciformes, Acanthuridae) are characterized electrophoretically and include several carboxylesterases, an acetylesterase, and an atypical pseudocholinesterase (pseudo-ChE). 2. The pseudo-ChE occurs in several isozymic forms including sialated and asialated slightly-anodal forms found principally in liver, and a larger, asialated asymmetric form that barely penetrates the 10% PAGE gel matrix found together with true AChE in epaxial muscle, brain, and eye. 3. Characterization of these three pseudo-ChE activities suggest that they are decidedly atypical in the intermediacy of their substrate and inhibitor specificities relative to classically-defined AChE and pseudo-ChE activities. PMID- 3233924 TI - Activation of an alkaline proteinase from fish skeletal muscle by fatty acids and sodium dodecyl sulphate. AB - 1. Fish skeletal muscle contains an alkaline thiol proteinase with a temperature optimum of 60 degrees C and undetectable activity below 50 degrees C. 2. The present study shows that fatty acids and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) shifted the temperature-activity curve of the enzyme toward the lower temperature side. 3. All unsaturated fatty acids tested strongly stimulated proteolytic activity at 37 degrees C, whereas myristic acid was the only saturated fatty acid that produced an important degree of activation. 4. These effects could be observed at millimolar concentrations of the reagents. PMID- 3233923 TI - Peptide-specific antibodies employed in determining the interspecies immunological cross-reactivity of haemopexin. AB - 1. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against nine peptides analogous to sequences of the human serum beta-glycoprotein haemopexin, and seven peptides were very antigenic. 2. One of these affinity-purified peptide-specific antibodies interacted with a highly conserved sequence of the haemopexin of five of the seven species tested. 3. Another antibody bound pig haemopexin even better than human haemopexin. 4. The overall, arbitrarily assessed, immunological cross reactivity between the haemopexin of human and other species follows the order: rabbit greater than mouse greater than chicken greater than pig greater than rat greater than cow. PMID- 3233925 TI - A cell line with decreased sensitivity to the methyl mercury-induced stimulation of alpha-amanitin sensitive RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei. AB - 1. In nuclei isolated from cells of the B50 rat neuroblastoma line the stimulatory effect of methyl mercury on alpha-amanitin-sensitive RNA synthesis is very much reduced compared to the stimulatory effect in HeLa nuclei (see: Frenkel G. D. and Randles K. (1982) Specific stimulation of alpha-amanitin-sensitive RNA synthesis in isolated HeLa nuclei by methyl mercury. J. biol. Chem. 257, 6275 6279). 2. The stimulatory effect of another mercury compound, p hydroxymercuribenzoate, was also much less pronounced in the B50 nuclei. 3. Similar results were obtained with nuclei isolated from B50 cells which had been induced to differentiate by exposure to dibutaryl cyclic AMP. 4. Nuclei isolated from cells of another rat neuroblastoma line (B35), and nuclei from cells of a human neuroblastoma line both exhibited levels of stimulation similar to that of HeLa nuclei. 5. The B50 and HeLa cells were also compared as to their sensitivity to other effects of methyl mercury. PMID- 3233926 TI - Vitamin D metabolism in polar vertebrates. AB - 1. Studies of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OHD) in the Antarctic have been undertaken in husky dog, seal and penguin and compared to man. 2. Husky dogs showed a reversal of the expected seasonal variation of serum 25-OHD with maxima in June when the hours of bright sunshine and amount of u.v. -B radiation were lowest. 3. Values for random serum 25-OHD values in seals showed large interspecies differences, the values for Weddell seals being significantly greater than for Crabeater seals (P less than 0.01). 4. Penguin sera showed low concentrations of serum 25-OHD with no evidence of a response to prolonged exposure to sunlight. PMID- 3233927 TI - Alterations in estrogen receptor isoforms in the mammary gland and uterus of the rat during differentiation. AB - 1. Estrogen receptors in lactating mammary glands and uteri of rats which were 10 and 19 days postpartum exhibited molecular heterogeneity based on their surface charge properties. 2. The polymorphism of estrogen receptors detected by high performance ion exchange chromatography may be monitored in-line with a radioisotope detector. 3. Estrogen receptors from the mammary gland and uterus of rats at 10 days of lactation exhibited primarily two receptor isoforms eluting at 200-250 mM and 250-300 mM phosphate, whereas three ionic isoforms (eluting at 50 150, 200-250 and 325-375 mM phosphate) were found in the mammary glands of rats at 19 days of lactation. Similar changes in the profiles of estrogen receptor isoforms were observed in uterine cytosol preparations at each stage of postpartum differentiation. 4. The elution pattern of receptor-associated radioactivity was not altered by the addition of diisopropylphosphate, a potent inhibitor of trypsin-like proteases, either before, during or immediately after homogenization. This indicates that the differences observed in the receptor elution profile of 10 and 19 day postpartum lactating mammary glands were not due to artifactual proteolysis. 5. In summary, our data indicate that the differentiation stage of lactating mammary glands may dictate the final profile of receptor isoforms detected. PMID- 3233928 TI - Subcellular localization of DNA polymerase gamma and changes in its activity in sea urchin embryos. AB - 1. Subcellular localization and changes in the activity of DNA polymerase gamma were examined in sea urchin eggs and embryos. 2. The enzyme was shown to be localized predominantly in mitochondria by differential and isopycnic centrifugation. 3. During embryogenesis, the enzyme activity per embryo remained constant until blastula stage, and thereafter increased. 4. Similarly mitochondrial DNA per embryo increased, indicating that mitochondrial DNA replication starts during embryogenesis. 5. The gamma-activity per mitochondrial DNA remained constant during embryogenesis. 6. These results suggest that mitochondria contain a constant amount of replicative enzyme (DNA polymerase gamma) regardless of mitochondrial DNA replication, which differs from the case of nuclear DNA replication. PMID- 3233929 TI - Collagen cross-linking: distribution of hydroxypyridinium cross-links among invertebrate phyla and tissues. AB - 1. Using a specific HPLC assay, a wide variety of marine invertebrate connective tissues was screened for the 3-hydroxypyridinium amino acids that are prominent intermolecular cross-linking residues in the collagens of many vertebrate connective tissues. 2. One or both of the two structural forms that exist, hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP) and lysyl pyridinoline (LP), was found in organisms from the following phyla: coelenterata, Annelida, Echinodermata, Mollusca and Arthropoda. 3. Neither amino acid was found in tissues from representative species of Porifera and Chordata. 4. Of special note was an unusually high ratio of LP to HP in Limulus polyphemus gill cartilage. PMID- 3233930 TI - Degradation of extracellular thymidine by cultured hepatocytes from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - 1. Trout hepatocytes cultured as attached monolayers had low rates of [3H] thymidine ([3H]-TdR) incorporation during replicative or repair synthesis of DNA. 2. Within 2 hr, most [3H]-TdR was metabolized by trout hepatocytes to a major product that eluted in advance of intact [3H]-TdR on Sephacryl S-200 columns. 3. Metabolism of [3H]-TdR by trout hepatocytes rapidly destroyed its ability to label replicating indicator cultures of proliferating rat hepatocytes. 4. These studies demonstrate that [3H]-TdR tracer assays for DNA synthesis cannot be reliably used in cultured trout hepatocytes which catabolize thymidine much more rapidly than do rat hepatocytes. PMID- 3233931 TI - The molecular weight of the extracellular haemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris determined by electron microscopy. AB - 1. The mol. wt of the extracellular haemoglobin of the oligochaete Lumbricus terrestris was determined by counting in negatively stained electron micrographs. 2. The value obtained using apoferritin as a mol. wt standard is (3.8 +/- 0.3) x 10(6), in agreement with recent determinations employing different physical methods. 3. We conclude that all annelid extracellular haemoglobins and chlorocruorins which have the same dimensions as Lumbricus haemoglobin probably have the same mol. wt. PMID- 3233932 TI - Oxygenated compounds in beeswax: identification and possible significance. AB - 1. Beeswax synthesized by non-foraging honeybee workers contains six oxygenated volatiles in addition to a series of normal alkanes. 2. Decanal constitutes nearly 50% of the oxygenated volatiles and is accompanied by octanal, nonanal, furfural, benzaldehyde and 1-decanol. 3. The possible significance of the aldehydes as stimulators of hoarding behaviour and attractants for wax moths is discussed. PMID- 3233933 TI - On the estimation of pulmonary blood flow from CO2 production time series. AB - It may be possible to estimate a nominal pulmonary blood flow (Q) during an exercise stress test via the algorithm used to estimate breath-by-breath alveolar CO2 production. Recently it has been demonstrated that by relating breath-to breath fluctuations in alveolar CO2 production to breath-to-breath fluctuations in end-tidal CO2, an optimizing parameter related to Q can be determined that can be used to process the CO2 production fluctuations and minimize their variation. However, the reported values of Q using this procedure appear to be biased low. Using a computer simulation of gas exchange, we demonstrate that the estimate of Q is biased low when the nominal lung volume used in the alveolar gas exchange algorithm is too large. Furthermore, alveolar CO2 transport is determined by an integral of alveolar CO2 over the breath time and, thus, is a path-dependent quantity. The use of end-tidal CO2 fluctuations to approximate fluctuations in this integral contributes to an error in the estimation of Q which yields estimates that are biased low. Alternatively, the use of mean alveolar CO2 fluctuations yield more appropriate Q estimates. These results suggest practical implications for estimating effective pulmonary blood flow during an exercise stress test by using breath-to-breath estimates of mean alveolar CO2. PMID- 3233934 TI - Multivariate autoregressive modeling of autonomic cardiovascular control in neonatal lamb. AB - The neonatal cardiovascular control system is a complicated interactive system which is under vigorous development at birth. From the measurement point of view the cardiovascular control is a closed-loop system. However, it can be examined on a beat-by-beat basis by analyzing circulatory-controlled variables with advanced signal analysis techniques. This paper proposes to use a multivariate autoregressive modeling technique in the analysis of several simultaneous physiological signals in order to examine interactions and inherent properties in the system. With the proposed multivariate autoregressive modeling technique, a signal is modeled as a linear combination of its own past and the past values of the other simultaneous signals plus a predictive error term of the model. The interactions in the system after the model identification are analyzed in frequency domain utilizing power spectrum estimates of the signals and signal contributions. The applicability of the proposed method was examined by a three variable model between heart rate, blood pressure and respiration in the study of autonomic cardiovascular control in a chronic neonatal lamb model, in which the cardiovascular status was changed by using a beta-adrenergic autonomic nervous blockade. The study showed that the multivariate autoregressive modeling technique is a feasible technique in studying complicated interactions within the cardiovascular control system. PMID- 3233935 TI - Software systems to control sensitivity studies of Monte Carlo simulation models. AB - Studies of the sensitivity of Monte Carlo models to changes in the values of their features involve repetitive simulations. Subsequent displays and analyses express variation in simulated outcomes as a function of change in location in multidimensional feature space and provide feedback via inputs for future simulations. A software system has been designed to control execution of the interacting programs required, reducing the need for human intervention. Assumptions about the goals and operation of the system as a whole are isolated within a program which executes component packages using interprogram control and communication mechanisms. The latter allow component programs to operate independently of the sources of data or the execution environment: they may be used separately, or in software systems, such as for sensitivity analysis of a Monte Carlo epidemic model. The methodology contributes to modularity at the level of executable programs and to the plausibility and efficiency of sensitivity studies. PMID- 3233937 TI - Electrocardiogram simulation using a personal computer. AB - A personal computer with a digital-to-analog converter is used as an electrocardiogram simulator. A TurboPascal procedure, given the heart rate, rhythm, and ST segment levels, generates the voltages for Leads II and V5. A simple circuit reduces the voltages to the physiologic range and smoothes the waveforms, removing the staircase effects of digitalization. The procedure can be manually controlled using a software interface or driven by other programs for use in a full-scale operating room simulator. PMID- 3233936 TI - Computer-assisted analysis of the vascular endothelial cell motile response to injury. AB - We have developed an automated, user-friendly method to track vascular endothelial cell migration in vitro using an IBM PC/XT with MS DOS. Analog phase contrast images of the bovine aortic endothelial cells are converted into digital images (8 bit, 250 x 240 pixel resolution) using a Tecmar Video VanGogh A/D board. Digitized images are stored at selected time points following mechanical injury in vitro. FORTRAN and assembly language subroutines have been implemented to automatically detect the wound edge and the edge of each cell nucleus in the phase-contrast, light-microscope field. Detection of the wound edge is accomplished by intensity thresholding following noise reduction in the image and subsequent sampling of the wound. After the range of wound intensities is determined, the entire image is sampled and a histogram of intensities is formed. The histogram peak corresponding to the wound intensities is subtracted, leaving a histogram peak that gives the range of intensities corresponding to the cell nuclei. Rates of cell migration, as well as cellular trajectories and cell surface areas, can be automatically quantitated and analyzed. This inexpensive, automated cell-tracking system should be widely applicable in a variety of cell biologic applications. PMID- 3233938 TI - A subtractive method for decomposing muscle tension into individual twitches. AB - When an isolated strip of skeletal muscle tissue is held at fixed length and stimulated electrically with a very brief pulse of electricity it responds with a transient increase in tension known as a twitch. If the same strip is stimulated repetitively with short pulses it produces a tension that can be considered to be composed of individual twitches arising from each stimulus. We present a subtractive method for decomposing a muscle tension curve into individual twitches of various heights. The locations of the twitches are known a priori from the times at which each stimulus was applied to the muscle. The shape of each twitch is assumed the same as that of a single twitch obtained just prior to the repetitive stimulation tension signal. We therefore find the heights of the individual twitches composing a tension curve. We find that most of a tension signal from isolated dog diaphragm strips can be accounted for as the sum of twitches of the same shape but different heights. We also derive a refractory factor, for stimulation at a given frequency, that describes how the heights of the twitches in a tension curve are attenuated as a function of stimulation frequency. PMID- 3233939 TI - The application of metabolic resistance theory to the selection of preferred target enzymes for therapeutic drugs. AB - A number of drugs act by inhibition of a specific target enzyme, thereby interfering with the synthesis of a key metabolite. When a specific enzyme inhibitor is applied to a functioning metabolic pathway, the substrate will accumulate and the inhibition will be counteracted, a phenomenon known as metabolic resistance. The work described in this report delineates the circumstances which accentuate, and those which suppress, metabolic resistance. By computer simulation it is shown that the effect of an inhibitor is less pronounced when the target enzyme is remote from the reaction which produces the key metabolite, separated from it by a large pool of intermediates, or separated by an enzyme which is nearly saturated with its substrate. Further, it is shown that noncompetitive, uncompetitive, or irreversible inhibitors are more effective than competitive inhibitors. Finally, enzymes immediately following a branch point and those which form part of a cycle are the least likely to exhibit metabolic resistance. These considerations are encapsulated in six rules for the selection of preferred enzyme targets for drug action. PMID- 3233940 TI - Randomization using packaged programs. AB - The problem of implementation of a randomization in controlled clinical trials is briefly discussed. A computer procedure is proposed and illustrated with simple programs using BMDP, SAS, and SPSS. PMID- 3233941 TI - Initial values for recalcitrant logistic regression problems. PMID- 3233942 TI - [Definition of psychiatry--establishment of scientific psychiatry. (13)]. PMID- 3233944 TI - [In search of logic in the cognitive process in children. The theory of cognition for child care]. PMID- 3233943 TI - [Effectiveness of nursing--a question posed by Nightingale. A comment by a translator of "Mortality of the British army"]. PMID- 3233945 TI - [Designing of a mood scale]. PMID- 3233946 TI - Correlates of DSM-III personality disorder in panic disorder and agoraphobia. AB - One hundred eighty-seven patients meeting DSM-III criteria for panic disorder (n = 26) or agoraphobia with panic (n = 161) were assessed with the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ), a self-rating scale designed to assess Axis II personality disorders and traits. Results replicated our earlier findings of a preponderance of dependent, avoidant, and histrionic features and the finding that patients exhibiting a greater number of personality traits were also significantly more symptomatic. Patients with the diagnosis of panic disorder did not differ on any personality disorder variables from patients with the diagnosis of agoraphobia with panic. Furthermore, none of the specific symptom dimensions, i.e., panic, anxiety, or agoraphobia, was selected as a unique predictor of any personality variables in the regression analyses. Rather, the most important correlates of personality disorder in these patients consisted of general factors such as dysphoric mood, social phobia, or interpersonal sensitivity, and Eysenck's neuroticism dimension. The results are discussed in light of recent findings suggesting a nonspecific link between panic disorder or agoraphobia and personality disorder. PMID- 3233948 TI - Posttraumatic stress disorder and blindness. AB - Four cases of posttraumatic stress disorder in blind patients are described. They demonstrate the importance of visual imagery in the processing of traumatic events and highlight the disruption of selective attention in this disorder. PMID- 3233947 TI - Narcissistic traits in psychiatric patients. AB - This paper reports a first step towards identifying the descriptive characteristics of what is called pathological narcissism by clinicians. Twenty three patients with various forms of narcissistic disturbances were evaluated with a semistructured interview for the presence of 27 putative signs of pathological narcissism. They were compared with patients with other psychiatric disorders (n = 28) to determine what features characterize and discriminate them. Fifteen statements proved to be useful in identifying patients with narcissistic disturbances. An additional two discriminate certain narcissistic patients. Implications for differential diagnosis and future research are noted. PMID- 3233950 TI - The development, use, and reliability of the brief psychiatric rating scale (nursing modification)--an assessment procedure for the nursing team in clinical and research settings. AB - The role of nursing staff in the systematic rating of psychopathology has been explored in a small number of studies in recent years. Nurses are uniquely placed to carry out relatively continuous observations of high validity which are sensitive to change, yet on the basis of the limited data available, some doubts remain concerning the reliability of such ratings, particularly when they extend to nonobservational phenomena. Nevertheless, since in practice nurse ratings form an important part of the psychopathological assessment arm in many research settings, continuing uncertainty about their reliability is clearly undesirable. Following a brief review of nurse rating, this report describes the role of the nursing team in a developing research environment and reports interrater reliability data for randomly selected pairings of nurses drawn from a mainstream clinical team who had been trained in the use of a specially modified version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (Nursing Modification) (BPRS[NM]). The findings indicate that nursing staff can reliably rate this range of psychopathology under ordinary clinical conditions, provided they have been properly trained and that appropriate modifications have been made to the procedure. Although validity was not formally assessed in this study, the extension of the time period covered by the BPRS, combined with the special place of nurses in the ward milieu can also be expected to enhance the validity and sensitivity of the ratings. Other effects of the involvement of therapeutically oriented nursing staff in research procedures are also discussed. PMID- 3233949 TI - Pseudoadolescent Munchausen syndrome. AB - Munchausen syndrome has not been reported in adolescents. We report two cases in young adults who, because they feigned adolescence, were first seen by pediatricians and then treated on a locked adolescent psychiatric ward. Their presentations resembled Munchausen syndrome, but included prominent factitious psychological symptoms as well as factitious physical symptoms. These cases are discussed in relation to the syndrome's classification, natural history, and associated character pathology. PMID- 3233951 TI - Demoralization in Soviet-Jewish immigrants to the United States and Israel. AB - Two hundred seventy-two recent Soviet-Jewish immigrants to the United States were compared with 412 Soviet-Jewish immigrants to Israel for the purpose of determining which country was more likely to lead to the development of demoralization. Even when differences in age and marital state were accounted for, the immigrants to the United States were significantly more demoralized. Individuals with low social support, older immigrants, women, and divorced or widowed individuals were more likely to be demoralized in both countries. Self selection and host reception factors are explored to explain the differences between the two groups of immigrants. PMID- 3233952 TI - Macro- and microscopic alterations in 2 rabbit skin regions following topically repeated applications of benzoic acid n-alkyl esters. AB - This paper explores the irritancy potential of n-alkyl benzoate preservatives (methyl benzoate, MB; ethyl benzoate, EB; n-propyl benzoate, n-PB; n-butyl benzoate, n-BB), allowable in cosmetic formulations. Comparative experiments were carried out involving repeated daily application for all compounds (up to maximum of 6 days) on clipped rabbit skin in 2 distinct regions: the dorsum (0.5 ml per treatment) and the external surface of the outer ear (0.2 ml per treatment). According to the different anatomo-physiological features, benzoates elicited dissimilar reactions in the dorsum and the external ear. In the first mentioned area, there were widespread inflammatory reactions accompanied, in some cases, by necrotic changes and slight epidermal hyperplasia; on the other hand, hyperplasia was the most prominent and earliest alteration in the ear. The irritancy potential was closely related to the duration of treatment as well to the increase in the molecular weight of benzoates. PMID- 3233954 TI - The effect of solvent extraction on the lipids of the stratum corneum in relation to observed immediate whitening of the skin. AB - Irritant contact dermatitis along with an increased transepidermal water loss can result from exposing the skin to solvents. A study of the interaction of various solvents with human stratum corneum was made using thin-layer chromatography. Comparison of 10 solvents (trichloroethylene, toluene, dimethylsulfoxide, n hexane, 1,2-propanediol, carbon tetrachloride, methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, acetone, distilled water) showed that 3 solvents (dimethylsulfoxide, 1,2 propanediol, distilled water) did not extract lipids from intact human stratum corneum. The findings are discussed in relation to the visual appearance of skin (whitening) after exposure to solvents. PMID- 3233953 TI - Sensitivity to Kathon CG: findings in 365 consecutive patients. AB - In the period from 1983 through 1986, 365 consecutive patients suspected as having allergic contact dermatitis were tested for reaction to Kathon CG. This test was positive in 20 of these patients: irritant responses in 7 and allergic sensitivity in 13. Provocative use testing was positive in 1 of the 3 allergic patients tested. The characteristics of this group of patients include having a mean age older than that of the general population or of our population of dermatologic patients, having histories of long-standing dermatitis, and reporting exposure to various leave-on formulations. Our rate of positive tests, 3.6%, is similar to that reported by other investigators, although sensitivity testing results differ from center to center. It is recommended that, in certain clinical situations, caution be exercised in the unsupervised use of leave-on products containing Kathon CG. PMID- 3233955 TI - Contact sensitivity to oak moss. AB - Oak moss allergy was the principle allergen in contact sensitivity to perfumes (45%); 31 patients reacting to oak moss were studied. The sensitivity was attributed to contact with perfumes in 20, lichens in 7 and unknown in 4. Atranorin was the most frequent allergen, followed by usnic, evernic and fumarprotocetraric acids. Concomitant allergy occurred to several lichen acids and also to balsam of Peru, colophony and other fragrance components. PMID- 3233956 TI - Nickel allergy: tolerance to metallic surface-plated samples in nickel-sensitive humans and guinea pigs. AB - The purpose of this work is to evaluate in nickel-sensitive patients and guinea pigs the tolerance to nickel samples, surface-plated with one or several metals of varying structures and thicknesses. All the metal samples elicited allergic reactions in the guinea pig. In humans, absolute tolerance was not observed for any sample. In humans, the interposing of a layer of bright copper between nickel and surface chrome greatly increased the tolerance. PMID- 3233957 TI - Effects of sorbitan sesquioleate on non-immunologic immediate contact reactions to benzoic acid. AB - In order to study the effects of an emulsifier on non-immunologic immediate contact reactions, 500, 250, 125, 62, and 31 mM benzoic acid (BA) was tested in 12 medical students on a skin area of the upper back treated with sorbitan sesquioleate in yellow petrolatum (20:80) 3 times daily for 2 days and on a contralateral skin area treated with petrolatum. The test areas were visually observed and the changes in the skin blood flow were monitored using laser Doppler flowmetry 40 min after application. The reactions to 250 and 125 mM BA in petrolatum were stronger on the skin area treated with sorbitan sesquioleate than on the reference site treated with petrolatum. In visual observation and in laser Doppler flowmetry, BA in the mixture of sorbitan sesquioleate and petrolatum (20:80) produced weaker reactions than in petrolatum, both on the sorbitan sesquioleate treated skin site and on the site treated with petrolatum. PMID- 3233959 TI - Seasonal transepidermal water loss and impedance of forearm skin in atopics and non-atopics. PMID- 3233958 TI - Shoe dermatitis in India. AB - 105 patients with foot dermatitis, seen over a period of 18 months, were patch tested with various shoe allergens. 47 showed a positive reaction to 1 or more allergens. The majority of the cases (37-47) were chrome-positive. Positivity to plastic material was observed in 8, whereas rubber and rubber chemicals accounted for 5 cases. Of special interest were positive reactions to 1,3-diphenylguanidine in 3 and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide in 2 cases. PMID- 3233960 TI - Anaphylactoid reaction induced by patch testing with formaldehyde in an asthmatic. PMID- 3233961 TI - Patch testing with fractionated balsam of Peru. PMID- 3233962 TI - Contact dermatitis due to antioxidants. PMID- 3233963 TI - The innumerable sources of nickel. PMID- 3233964 TI - Recommended changes to standard series. PMID- 3233965 TI - Sensitization potential of Euxyl K 400. PMID- 3233966 TI - Computer-assisted INformation on PREdictive tests (INPRET) PMID- 3233967 TI - Atypical Lyme borreliosis. PMID- 3233968 TI - Treatment of Lyme disease. PMID- 3233969 TI - Central nervous system diseases in AIDS. PMID- 3233970 TI - Cefuroxime axetil. PMID- 3233971 TI - Choice of cholesterol-lowering drugs. The Medical Letter. PMID- 3233972 TI - The secularization of health affairs. PMID- 3233973 TI - News of M.D. Health Plan. PMID- 3233974 TI - Safer drug use and AIDS. PMID- 3233975 TI - Medicine in the 1980s. PMID- 3233976 TI - The hospitals' problem-oriented record. PMID- 3233977 TI - M.D. Health Plan--a Connecticut opportunity. PMID- 3233978 TI - Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a risk factor for bacteremic illness due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. PMID- 3233979 TI - Listen ... and you shall hear! PMID- 3233980 TI - Women in medicine and the medical sciences: problems, progress, and prospects. PMID- 3233981 TI - The economic impact of AIDS in the United States. PMID- 3233982 TI - Community acquired pneumonia in AIDS. PMID- 3233983 TI - Sharing blood-borne viruses and illicit drug users. PMID- 3233984 TI - Cardiac surgery in the elderly. PMID- 3233985 TI - Healing, not jailing: dealing with addiction. PMID- 3233986 TI - Kidney and proteins in health and disease. Fifth International Symposium of Nephrology. Montecatini Terme, Italy, July 21-23, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3233988 TI - Glomerular endothelial glycocalyx. PMID- 3233987 TI - Role of dipeptidylpeptidase IV in renal handling of peptides. PMID- 3233989 TI - Intrarenal pathways of calcitonin degradation. PMID- 3233990 TI - Effect of mild charge modification of albumin on renal excretion in the rat. PMID- 3233991 TI - Early detection of microalbuminuria by four different immunochemical methods. PMID- 3233992 TI - Analysis of proteinuria by micro-PAGE electrophoresis. PMID- 3233993 TI - Determination of a urinary trypsin low molecular weight inhibitor: preliminary results in man. PMID- 3233994 TI - Renal metabolism of muramyl dipeptide. PMID- 3233995 TI - Urinary excretion of glomerular basement membrane-related peptides in urines of patients with and without renal failure. PMID- 3233996 TI - Differential toxicity of human Bence-Jones proteins in the rat proximal convoluted tubule in vivo. PMID- 3233997 TI - Urinary protein patterns for early detection of preeclampsia. PMID- 3233998 TI - Total lymphatic clearance of protein from the renal interstitium. PMID- 3233999 TI - Regulation of the interstitial volume in the renal cortex. PMID- 3234000 TI - Clearances of Bence-Jones proteins during peritoneal dialysis or plasmapheresis in myelomatosis associated with renal failure. PMID- 3234001 TI - Transepithelial transport of peptides. PMID- 3234002 TI - Renal processing of vasopressin. PMID- 3234003 TI - Neurotensin metabolism in the kidney: role of tubular fluid. PMID- 3234004 TI - D-penicillamine metabolism: in vitro studies of S-oxidation mechanisms. AB - The metabolism of D-penicillamine was studied in vitro using microsomal and cytosolic fractions of liver from DA-strain rats. Formation of inorganic sulphate, presumably via an S-oxidative pathway, was catalysed by both fractions. However, microsomal S-oxidation was higher in female animals than males, the sex differences being reversed with cytosolic fractions. The total yield of inorganic sulphate was similar for both sexes. Cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes did not appear to be directly involved. PMID- 3234005 TI - The pacemaker syndrome: a haemodynamic complication of ventricular pacing. AB - To investigate the pacemaker syndrome (PS) presenting a mixture of signs and symptoms (syncope, presyncope, nausea, dyspnoea, vertigo, loss of physical fitness, congestive heart failure) and related to ventricular pacing, the authors measured cardiac output (CO), peripheral blood pressure (PAP) and peripheral resistance (PR) during continuous atrial and/or ventricular pacing in two groups: patients with and without PS. In both groups a significant decrease in CO was found between atrial and ventricular pacing. A significant difference between the two groups was found in the degree of PAP drop which was significant in the PS group, in the group without PS insignificant. On the other hand, the PR increase at ventricular pacing was in the PS group insignificant, in the symptomless group significant. It is concluded that ventricular pacing causes a CO decrease due to loss of normal atrial transmission. Hypotension in PS patients is connected with an atrial reflex that inhibits normal vascular tone. PMID- 3234006 TI - The importance of the electrode system for the success of intracardiac defibrillation. AB - An experimental study was designed to assess the effect of intracardiac defibrillation in 15 dogs, in whom a total of 25 episodes of ventricular fibrillation were induced. Defibrillation using a Medtronic electrode catheter (model 6880), with the discharge passing between the right ventricle and atrium turned out to be of little effect even though energy discharges of 25 J were used. Discharges between an electrode placed in the right ventricle and another one placed on the thoracic left wall, with the discharge passing through the left ventricle, were more successful. While this arrangement terminated half of ventricular fibrillation episodes, its results are not sufficiently convincing for widespread clinical use. Histology documented significant myocardial damage even when intracardiac energy discharges with energy not exceeding 25 J were used. PMID- 3234007 TI - Use of Holter functions of the implantable pacemaker to control antiarrhythmic therapy of supraventricular and ventricular recurrent tachycardias. AB - Holter functions of pacemakers were studied in a total of nine patients with paroxysmal atrial flutter (Group I--a Quintech DD 931 pacemaker, manufactured by Vitatron Medical, The Netherlands), and in 11 patients with recurrent postinfarction ventricular tachycardia (Group II--a DPG P 21 diagnostic pulse generator, Vitatron Medical. Seven patients (35%) were excluded from the study for myopotential interference. Group I patients were given six antiarrhythmic drugs for eight weeks each, with only prajmalin and amiodarone significantly shortening flutter duration. Group II patients were administered, according to the results of programmed extrastimulation, amiodarone alone or in combination with Class I antiarrhythmic drugs for a long period of time. While no recurrent tachycardias or sudden death were noted during treatment, pacemaker detected non lethal ventricular tachycardia occurred in two, and sudden death without confirmed arrhythmia in one patient once the treatment had been discontinued for serious side effects (p less than 0.05). Diagnostic stimulation using bipelar sensing to eliminate myopotential interference might become a major method for long-term monitoring. PMID- 3234008 TI - Supplementary static effort during dynamic exercise. Its influence on electrocardiogram, haemodynamic and metabolic adaptation of circulation in coronary patients. AB - Twenty men with coronary heart disease underwent the following exercise tests: a) bicycle ergometry, b) 5 kilometre walk and c) short march with a 5 kilogram weight carried in one hand. In each performed test during maximal work the following parameters were determined: oxygen uptake (VO2), plasma noradrenaline (NA) and lactate (LA) concentrations. ECG was monitored continuously and blood pressure was measured. It was found that a supplementary static load added to the dynamic work during short march with a weight resulted in the highest NA concentration. In that test, the rate-pressure product (HR X BPs) also increased and a greater ST segment depression and aggravation of arrhythmia were noted as compared to the findings obtained during the 5 kilometer march and also in the classic ergometric test. PMID- 3234009 TI - Hyperfibrinolysis: its express diagnosis and role in the development of haemorrhagic syndrome after cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Using a new method of express diagnosis, the authors proved that activation of the fibrinolytic system, which occurs after open-heart operations, can be the cause of excessive hypo coagulation and massive haemorrhage. Partial correction of hyperfibrinolysis, attained by adequate dosage of antifibrinolytic drugs and administered under the control of the proposed diagnostic method, makes possible to attain normalization of haemostatic processes in the operation wound and to avoid intensification of the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation of blood. PMID- 3234010 TI - Scientific prognosis of trends in the development of cardiovascular surgery in the socialist countries. AB - The growing incidence and importance of cardiovascular diseases in a number of countries calls for systematic quest for most efficient methods of treatment, which besides prevention and drug therapy include also surgical treatment. A group of experts from member countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) has worked out a scientific prognosis of trends of the development of cardiovascular surgery, which include surgical treatment of ischaemic heart disease, congenital and acquired heart defects, renovascular hypertension and affection of the aortic arch. The prognosis includes also an estimate of the number of operations which will have to be performed in the mentioned diseases per 1 million inhabitants of the CMEA member countries. PMID- 3234011 TI - 1-O-methyl-rac-glycerol: a new agent for the cryopreservation of mononuclear cells. AB - 1-O-methyl-rac-glycerol (1-O-MG), also known as 3-methoxy-1,2-propanediol is a lipophilic derivative of glycerol, and has been studied as a new cryoprotective agent (CPA) for mononuclear blood cells (MNC), a well-established experimental model in cryopreservation. The chemical modification of the glycerol molecule results in improved cryobiological properties, such as membrane permeability, thus allowing easier handling in the freeze/thaw process. The optimum preincubation period for MNC and 1-O-MG before freezing is 5 min at 4 degree C, resulting in 86% recovery of viable cells, whereas optimal recovery of glycerol frozen MNC is only guaranteed after 30 min of preincubation at room temperature (74% viable recovery). The optimal concentration of 1-O-MG is 10% (v/v). Although this new agent offers no improvement in cryoprotective properties over dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) there may be possible pharmacological advantages when used in humans. It is, however, obviously superior to glycerol with regard to its permeation kinetics. 1-O-MG might therefore also be of interest in the cryoprotection of other hematopoietic cells and biological tissues. PMID- 3234012 TI - Osmotic response of oocytes using a microscope diffusion chamber: a preliminary study comparing murine and human ova. AB - The hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of the plasma membrane determines how cells respond to the stresses of dehydration encountered during cryopreservation. We have used a microscope diffusion chamber which allows for direct real-time observation of the dynamic osmotic response of individual cells in microvolume suspension to compare the Lp of murine and human unfertilized ova. In this system, the response of an individual cell to the induced osmotic imbalance is documented via a series of photomicrographs or videotape; from these data the Lp can be computed. Donated human preovulatory oocytes were compared with macroscopically normal human ova, 43 hr after insemination, which had failed to fertilize (Ff) and with murine ova collected 13 hr post human chorionic gonadotropin injection. The permeability coefficients were 0.65 +/- 0.43, 0.84 +/ 0.39, and 0.36 +/- 0.07 micron3/micron2/atm/min. The results suggest that it may be possible to use Ff ova for experiments to design suitable cryopreservation procedures. PMID- 3234013 TI - Changes in interstitial gland in the ovary of the bat Rinolaphus eurale Blas: arousal from hibernation. AB - The ovaries of 36 mature bats (Rinolaphus eurale Blas) were studied in March, June, and December. Quantitative determinations of the volume densities of the interstitial glands were studied. The histoenzymatic activities of NADH2 reductase and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase showed the highest activity in the gland immediately after spring arousal. PMID- 3234014 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the twenty-fifth annual meeting of the Society for Cryobiology. July 11-15, 1988, Aachen, West Germany. PMID- 3234015 TI - Ethnopsychiatric interpretations of schizophrenic illness: the problem of nervios within Mexican-American families. AB - Among Mexican-American families, the concept of nervios (nerves) serves as a culturally meaningful illness category for a wide range of conditions, including schizophrenic disorders diagnosed according to psychiatric criteria. This article examines the nature and the meaning of nervios as a notion used by Mexican American families to understand the schizophrenic illness of a relative. Family descriptions of the condition are presented and the emotional and symbolic meanings of the concept are discussed. The complex and somewhat ambiguous nature of folk conceptions is evidenced not only by variations in the description of nervios but also by the finding that nervios is but one way to view schizophrenic illness. It is suggested that a cultural preference for the term nervios is linked to the efforts of family members to reduce the stigma associated with a mental illness while also reinforcing the strength of family bonds and solidarity by fostering tolerant inclusion of the family member within the home. It is argued that the concept of nervios, and the family emotions that surround this folk label, may mediate the course and outcome of schizophrenic disorder. PMID- 3234017 TI - General surgeon: philosopher or technician? PMID- 3234016 TI - On the expression of psychosis in different cultures: schizophrenia in an Indian and in a Nigerian community. AB - This sub-study of the WHO Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders research project was aimed at characterizing the behavioral and expressive qualities of schizophrenia in two highly diverse cultures. Early research has indicated that the core elements involving affect, perceptual and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia are highly similar in form in most cultures of the world. Much of the cross-cultural literature emphasizes, however, strong differences in the ways in which schizophrenia is actually expressed and manifested in different settings. The basic methodology for psychiatric description and diagnosis in the WHO program was the Present State Examination. In five of the field centers a method for investigating the expressive quality and the social behavior of patients in their own communities through the eyes of significant others was applied. This method was then subjected to psychometric tests of cross-cultural applicability and found to be valid for comparing behavior across settings. The expressive patterns of the Indian and Nigerian patients were studied from two perspectives. Indian schizophrenics were described by family members as manifesting a more affective and "self-centered" orientation; the Nigerian patients presented with a highly suspicious, bizarre, anxious quality to the basic behavioral pattern. The main features of pathology were in general accord with the descriptions of indigenous psychiatrists. The special qualities of the psychosis in the two cultures were interpreted against the background of traditional psychopathological and anthropologic theories concerning the psychodynamics and the influence of differing social conflictual themes in the two cultures. Analysis of psychopathology in this manner was found to enhance understanding of underlying mechanisms and the role of cultural conflicts in its expression. PMID- 3234018 TI - Writing a scientific abstract. PMID- 3234019 TI - Rational use of autologous transfusion for elective reconstructive procedures. PMID- 3234021 TI - Endoscopic and roentgenographic evaluation of the colons of rats. PMID- 3234020 TI - Immediate post-traumatic hypokalemia. PMID- 3234023 TI - The use of centrifugal flow pumps in a model of experimental right heart failure. PMID- 3234022 TI - Cancer plasma effects on skeletal muscle metabolism. PMID- 3234024 TI - Proplast reconstruction of soft tissue defects: the effects of preoperative and postoperative radiation on fibrous ingrowth. PMID- 3234025 TI - Autotransplantation of the stomach: motility is controlled by hormonal factors. PMID- 3234026 TI - Cocaine abuse and delusions of parasitosis. AB - We report two persons in their thirties with the shared delusion of parasitosis. Both abused cocaine, and both recovered from their delusions after a period of abstinence. Although the literature does not stress that a specific cause is usually found for delusions of parasitosis, this may be changing for persons in groups among whom cocaine and possibly other illicit drug use is common. It is a service to these desperate patients to establish their confidence and then discretely ask about the use of illegal drugs, especially cocaine. PMID- 3234027 TI - The decision. PMID- 3234028 TI - Aggressive intranasal carcinoma mimicking infection or inflammation. AB - In a twenty-year period we have treated five patients with intranasal squamous cell carcinomas who initially were thought to have benign cutaneous disorders of the nasal skin. Advanced squamous cell carcinoma requiring total rhinectomy, often with extensive contiguous midface excision, was found in all patients. Three of these five patients died of their disease. In one patient, a red nose resembling acne rosacea was present. In the four others, chronic cellulitic or ulcerative cutaneous involvement was caused by squamous cell carcinoma. These cases emphasize the need for intranasal examination and appropriate radiologic studies to exclude intranasal carcinoma in patients with apparently unresponsive cutaneous nasal disease. PMID- 3234029 TI - Skin diseases in tourists to Hawaii. AB - This is the first report of travellers' skin diseases from the Hawaiian archipelago. The diagnoses of all tourists who presented to a dermatology practice on Kauai, Hawaii, were recorded over six years. The cutaneous disorders tabulated in visitors differed significantly from those observed in the local population. In visitors, over one-third of the diagnoses were of light-induced disorders. The most common disease observed was the papulovesicular variant of polymorphous light eruption. This report should serve as a guide to the skin diseases that travellers to Hawaii frequently experience. PMID- 3234030 TI - Bowen's disease of the umbilicus simulating psoriasis vulgaris. AB - Bowen's disease and other primary cutaneous malignancies are uncommon in patients with psoriasis. Primary malignancies of the umbilicus are also unusual. Plaques of psoriasis and Bowen's disease may appear morphologically similar, requiring examination of a biopsy specimen for definitive diagnosis. We report on a patient with psoriasis who experienced Bowen's disease of the umbilicus that was initially believed to be psoriasis. PMID- 3234031 TI - Pigmented nail streaks may indicate Laugier-Hunziker syndrome. AB - Laugier-Hunziker syndrome is a rare, benign pigmentation disorder previously described only once in the United States. The syndrome is acquired in early or mid-adult life and is characterized by multiple longitudinal hyperpigmented bands on the nails and pigmented macules of the lips and buccal mucosa. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and Addison's disease can present with pigment abnormalities similar to those characteristic of Laugier-Hunziker syndrome. PMID- 3234032 TI - Dermatophytes that infect animals and humans. AB - There are many occupations that expose people to dermatophytes. Infections from dermatophytes may be transmitted from animal to animal, animal to human, human to human, and human to animal in a cyclic fashion. The most common species of dermatophytes that infect animals and humans, Microsporum and Trichophyton, are discussed here. PMID- 3234034 TI - Differentiation of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis from the superficial disseminated eruptive form of porokeratosis of Mibelli. AB - Two cases of porokeratosis are reported here, one of which can be classified as the superficial disseminated form of porokeratosis of Mibelli and the other as disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. The relationship between these two diseases is discussed briefly. PMID- 3234033 TI - Panniculitis following steroid therapy. AB - A 10-year-old child experienced painful nodular lesions following rapid withdrawal of large doses of orally-administered prednisolone prescribed for treatment of an episode of hepatic encephalopathy. Histopathologic examination of a nodule revealed extensive fat necrosis, needle-shaped clefts within fat cells, and marked nonspecific granulomatous infiltrate that spared the interlobular septa. The lesions subsided completely in about four weeks without any treatment, leaving only residual hyperpigmentation. PMID- 3234035 TI - Erythema annulare of infancy. AB - A case of erythema annulare of infancy lasting for two years is presented. The striking features of this overall annular eruption, of idiopathic origin, are noted. This case is unusual because of the late onset and the long duration of symptoms. Such cases warrant prolonged follow-up examinations after the annular lesions disappear. PMID- 3234036 TI - Pairing of ZW gonosomes and the localized recombination nodule in two Z-autosome translocations in Gallus domesticus. AB - Electron microscopic observations of synaptonemal complexes of oocytes from chickens heterozygous for two Z-autosome translocations have been used to identify and study the pairing region of the Z and W chromosomes. The two translocations, MN t(Z;1) and t(OH 10), have breakpoints in opposite arms of the Z, and the arm having the breakpoint of MN t(Z;1) is marked by the terminal C+ band. In both translocations the short arm of the W was specifically paired with the euchromatic short arm of the Z. In MN t(Z;1) only open quadrivalents (74%) and trivalents plus W univalents (26%) were observed, whereas t(OH 10) exhibited, in addition to the prevalent quadrivalents (62%), III + I (19%) and II + II (19%) configurations. The extent of W pairing was slightly decreased in MN t(Z;1) (68.4% of the W chromosomes paired) and considerably decreased in t(OH 10) (25.3% of the W chromosomes paired). Nonhomologous synapsis occurred regularly at the quadrivalent crosspoint in MN t(Z;1) and also in bivalents from t(OH 10). The recombination nodule normally located in the terminus of the pairing region in normal ZW pairs is present in both translocations without any alteration of its frequency or its strict terminal position. Based on these data and previous observations (Rahn and Solari, 1986), it is proposed that an obligatory recombination event occurs at a locus between 0.7 microns and 0.15 microns of the paired ZW telomeres, establishing a recombinational region and a pseudoautosomal region which determine partial sex-linkage and no sex-linkage, respectively. Most of the pairing region of the ZW pair is nonhomologously paired. PMID- 3234037 TI - Isolation of a human laminin B2 (LAMB2) cDNA clone and assignment of the gene to chromosome region 1q25----q31. AB - Laminin B2 is one of the three polypeptide chains of laminin, a large, complex glycoprotein synthesized by a variety of cells and specifically deposited in basement membranes. A cloned cDNA that encodes the human laminin B2 chain was isolated and characterized. The human laminin B2 gene (LAMB2) was assigned to region 1q25----q31 by (1) hybridization of the probe to DNA from a panel of human x mouse somatic cell hybrids containing different human chromosomes and (2) in situ hybridization to isolated metaphase chromosomes. PMID- 3234038 TI - Use of an alphoid satellite sequence to locate the X chromosome automatically, with particular reference to identification of the fragile X. AB - An alphoid DNA sequence primarily located on the X chromosome was labeled with biotin and hybridized in situ to preparations of metaphase chromosomes derived from fragile X-affected individuals; hybridization sites were detected immunologically. Labeled X chromosomes were located automatically in digitized images of metaphase cells by searching for the concurrence of a pronounced peak in the longitudinal density profile with the centromere in medium-sized chromosomes having a suitable centromeric index. Approximately 70% of the X chromosomes were detected by a simple classifier; this rate is similar to the automatic classification rate obtained with G-banded metaphases. The frequency of detection of the fragile X site obtained when scored directly from the microscope using this new preparation technique did not differ significantly from the frequency obtained in the same sample by means of a conventional technique. The frequency obtained by visual scoring of digitized images was slightly higher, but not significantly so. PMID- 3234039 TI - Hypervariable minisatellite regions are sites for crossing-over at meiosis in man. AB - In situ hybridization to human meiotic metaphase I (MI) preparations, using the labeled minisatellite core sequence lambda 33.15, showed clustering of autoradiographic grains principally at or around chiasmata, autosomal sites where crossing-over had occurred. For the XY bivalent, the pairing region formed between the terminal regions of the two short arms (Xpter Ypter), was also a principal site of labeling; in addition, the terminal region of the X long arm (Xqter) was labeled. Control experiments using a member of the human Alu family of dispersed repeated DNA sequences showed a much more randomized grain distribution, with clustering over chiasmata being far less obvious. The data provide support for the suggestion that polymorphic minisatellite regions within the human genome might play a significant role in pairing and/or recombination. PMID- 3234040 TI - Regional mapping of the creatine kinase b (CKBB) gene in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and man using a rat cDNA probe. AB - Using a rat creatine kinase (brain form) cDNA clone for in situ hybridization, we have localized the gene in both the human and the rabbit complement. An analysis of the data shows that the locus in the human is at 14q32, confirming previous assignments based on somatic hybridization studies and Southern blot analysis. In the rabbit, significant accumulation on 20q13----qter with the predominant labeling at the end of the chromosome provides evidence for the localization of the gene at this site. The heterologous hybridizations of a rat probe to both human and rabbit metaphases underscore the highly conserved nature of the sequences for this enzyme. PMID- 3234041 TI - Studies on early replication patterns in the marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata: no evidence for XY replication homologies. AB - We present here the first detailed replication banding study of a marsupial species using the BrdU-replication technique. A comparison of the structural and replication bands of the chromosomes of Sminthopsis crassicaudata clearly demonstrates that the replication behavior is the same as the described for the chromosomes of eutherians. The early replicating segments correspond to R-bands, whereas the late-replicating regions tend to be situated within Q- and C-bands. Use of this technique clearly reveals an early and late replicating X chromosome. The very small Y chromosome can be subdivided into two replication segments, but no replication homologies can be demonstrated between the X and Y chromosomes of S. crassicaudata. PMID- 3234042 TI - Synaptonemal complex analysis of B-chromosome behavior in meiotic prophase I in the East-Asiatic mouse Apodemus peninsulae (Muridae, Rodentia). AB - The mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of four male East-Asiatic mice, Apodemus peninsulae, having three to seven chromosomes in addition to the standard karyotype (2n = 48), were investigated. B-chromosomes were represented by medium sized metacentric and dotlike chromosomes. Mosaicism of bone marrow cells due to a numerical variation of accessory chromosomes was established for the males examined. Capacity of B-chromosomes to form axial elements and synaptonemal complexes in meiotic prophase I was revealed by electron microscopy. The occurrence of univalents of different morphology, bivalents, and multivalents, corresponding to B-chromosomes, was demonstrated. An increase in the number of B chromosomes was found in spermatocytes at zygotene-pachytene relative to the number in bone marrow cells, which may be evidence of B-chromosome accumulation in the germ cell line of the East-Asiatic mouse. PMID- 3234044 TI - [Alternatives]. PMID- 3234043 TI - A new application of in situ hybridization: detection of numerical and structural chromosome aberrations with a combination centromeric-telomeric DNA probe. AB - Fluorescent in situ hybridization provides a fast method for detection of specific nucleic acid sequences. We have used high-resolution, single-color fluorescent in situ hybridization with a combination centromeric-telomeric DNA probe, specific for chromosome 1, to investigate the feasibility of simultaneous assessment of numerical and structural chromosome aberrations. The K562 leukemia cell line served as a model. PMID- 3234046 TI - [Information campaign for youth against AIDS]. PMID- 3234045 TI - [Josamycin in oral infections]. PMID- 3234048 TI - [Cuba si ... caries no! or "Ballad of the Castro dentists"]. PMID- 3234047 TI - [Diet for the child and adolescent]. PMID- 3234049 TI - [The use of dentin adhesives to lower surface tension: role in composite application with matrices in restorative dentistry]. PMID- 3234050 TI - [Dental care in France. Regional analysis of consumption and production]. PMID- 3234052 TI - [Age determination with the "simplified" Gustafson method]. PMID- 3234051 TI - [Test your endodontic technic]. PMID- 3234053 TI - [AIDS and women. An interview with professor Henrion]. PMID- 3234054 TI - [Aspiration and local anesthesia. Apropos of 200 cases]. PMID- 3234056 TI - [Responsibility in dental office emergencies]. PMID- 3234057 TI - [Illnesses of reflex and vagal origin]. PMID- 3234055 TI - [Application of the YAG laser in the treatment of dental caries]. PMID- 3234058 TI - [Respiratory distress: hypoxia and obstruction syndrome]. PMID- 3234059 TI - [Illnesses of metabolic, toxic and drug origin]. PMID- 3234060 TI - [Illness and loss of consciousness of cardiovascular origin in the dental office]. PMID- 3234061 TI - [Decubitus dorsal hypotensive syndrome in the pregnant woman]. PMID- 3234062 TI - [Loss of consciousness and illnesses of neurologic and psychiatric origin]. PMID- 3234063 TI - [Management of emergencies in the dental office]. PMID- 3234064 TI - [Loco-regional anesthesia in dentistry and general accidents]. PMID- 3234065 TI - [The practitioner and his insurance company: some advice]. PMID- 3234066 TI - [A widely distributed sweetener]. PMID- 3234067 TI - [Esthetics and periodontal treatment: are they compatible?]. PMID- 3234068 TI - [Muco-gingival surgery, excess and insufficiency. Rational therapeutic choice]. PMID- 3234070 TI - [Hand antisepsis for the dental office]. PMID- 3234069 TI - [Endodontic treatment for the aged]. PMID- 3234071 TI - [Detorsion-devalgization osteotomy of the proximal end of the femur in the surgical treatment of congenital hip dysplasia]. PMID- 3234072 TI - [Isolated transiliac osteotomy in the surgical treatment of congenital hip dysplasia]. PMID- 3234073 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of residual dysplasia of the hip joint with or without subluxation by transiliac osteotomy and corrective osteotomy of the proximal end of the femur]. PMID- 3234075 TI - [Triple osteotomy of pelvic bones in the surgical treatment of congenital hip dysplasia]. PMID- 3234074 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint by open reduction and transiliac and corrective osteotomies of the proximal end of the femur]. PMID- 3234076 TI - [Pelvic osteotomy using the Chiari method in the surgical treatment of dysplasia of the hip joint]. PMID- 3234077 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of congenital hip dysplasia by pelvic osteotomy using the Chiari method]. PMID- 3234078 TI - [Late results of Chiari's osteotomy in the treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 3234079 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of hip dysplasia with osteochondrosis as a complication of non-surgical treatment]. PMID- 3234080 TI - [Various complications related to the treatment of congenital hip dysplasia using a Koszla splint]. PMID- 3234081 TI - [Late results of simultaneous reconstruction of the hip joint and pelvic osteotomy using the Salter method in the treatment of congenital hip dysplasia in children]. PMID- 3234082 TI - [Remarks with regard to the use of selected methods of pelvic osteotomy]. PMID- 3234083 TI - [Principles of evaluation of the results of the treatment of congenital hip dysplasia]. PMID- 3234084 TI - [Growth of the extremity after surgical treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint]. PMID- 3234085 TI - [The compartment syndrome as a sequela of trauma]. PMID- 3234086 TI - [The compartment syndrome from the vascular surgery viewpoint]. PMID- 3234087 TI - [Operability of primary inoperable pelvic tumors by preoperative regional hyperthermia in combination with systemic chemotherapy exemplified by Ewing's sarcoma]. AB - Failure of local tumor control is of critical importance in the clinical management of large pelvic tumors. For bulky sarcomas of the pelvis a new treatment strategy could be of importance in the future using preoperative regional hyperthermia combined with systemic chemotherapy. In our case history of a patient with unresectable Ewing sarcoma of the pelvis no tumor response could be observed during multi-drug chemotherapy alone. However, after treatment with regional hyperthermia combined with systemic chemotherapy, the tumor mass became resectable and was separated from the adjacent tissue by a fibrotic pseudocapsule. Histological evaluation of the tumor tissue showed a complete change of the pattern. PMID- 3234088 TI - [Primary management and secondary reconstructive surgery of severe combined hand injuries]. AB - Primary treatment and secondary reconstructive surgery of severe mutilating hand injuries are associated with challenging problems. Conventional and microneurovascular reconstructive methods must be integrated into the therapeutical rationale. The technical and tactical principles essential to obtain an optimal rehabilitational result are discussed. Simple sensitive grip tools will provide better functional long time results than modern prosthetic devices. PMID- 3234089 TI - [Long-term comparison of the "St. Georg" knee endoprosthesis system. 10-year survival rates of 2,236 gliding and hinge endoprosthesis]. AB - A comparison of results between the total hinge and the sled prosthesis "St. Georg" has revealed significantly inferior results for the sled prosthesis due to a greater number of aseptic loosenings predominantly of the tibial component, primary and secondary laxity of ligaments and/or residual pain, e.g. due to malposition. The 10-years survival rate for the total hinge prosthesis was 94 per cent, thus exceeding the results obtained in total hip arthroplasty. The disadvantages of the rigid hinge models, as for instance unphysiological support and guidance and insufficient cushioning during knee motion have been compensated for in our modification, the "Endo" rotational knee prosthesis. The indications for a surface knee replacement are restricted to cases with an intact ligamentous apparatus and unicondylar arthrosis. PMID- 3234090 TI - [Significance of lung contusion in mortality following polytrauma. Possibilities for therapeutic influence]. AB - Multiple trauma is often associated with blunt thoracic injuries. Especially lung contusion can result in respiratory insufficiency and therefore a higher mortality rate. In our prospective study comparing 8 multiple trauma patients with and without associated lung contusion, we found that respiratory function was already significantly disturbed (decrease of paO2/FiO2 and increase of AaDO2, a rise in extravascular lung water (EVLW) both early after trauma and also with a second peak following the 4th day. This group (LK) developed significantly more cases of respiratory distress (ARDS). The disturbance of respiratory function seen initially was interpreted as a consequence of the direct mechanical impact, leading to the formation of interstitial fluid and hematoma. The frequent development of ARDS in the LK-group probably results from a pronounced activation of cellular and humoral mechanisms and therefore an enforced injury of the pulmonary capillary bed. A significant increase of pulmonary infections or the development of sepsis was not seen in the LK-group and is probably not responsible for the higher ARDS-rate in this group. PMID- 3234091 TI - [Traumatology in hang-gliding accidents. Studies based on 100 cases]. AB - The number of paragliding accidents is growing up exponentially. We review in this study 39 paragliding accidents which occurred 1985-1987 in the Val d'Illiez (Switzerland). The REGA (Swiss air ambulance) rescued 1987 61 pilots, which are also included. Most of the accidents were related to a mistake of the pilot. None is due to a failure of the material. The most severe injuries occurred immediately after taking off. The most frequent injuries occurred during landing. There is a correlation between the altitude, the wind velocity and the severity of the injuries. The lower extremities and the backbone are often injured, which is explained through the axial trauma. The pilots need a better training programme, the performance of the material should be built up and the starting places should be equipped. PMID- 3234092 TI - [Bone structure changes in hip joint endoprosthesis implantation over the course of many years. A quantitative study]. AB - The stability of implanted artificial joints is limited. One main factor for this is the change of the bone tissue near the implant. Therefore we studied femura with stem endoprostheses derived from autopsy. All specimens were cut in horizontal and longitudinal sections. X-rays were made of all sections. Then the specimens were embedded undecalcified and ground to 10 microns. The wellknown phenomenons at the bone cement border were found too. Direct bone cement contact is about 5%. The 4 studied femura show a higher porosity of cortical bone as controls. The loss of cortical bone is up to 40% after 55 months. There is a correlation between new load situation and the localisation of bone loss. PMID- 3234093 TI - [Mesenterial infarct. New aspects of diagnosis and therapy]. AB - Based on a retrospective analysis of 38 patients with mesenteric ischemia treated from 1981-1987, the current diagnostic and therapeutic concepts are presented. Embolic or thrombotic occlusions of the superior mesenteric artery prevailed (34 patients); venous thrombosis (4 patients) and non-occlusive disease (2 patients) occurred less frequent. Old age (70.6 years in average) and a long time interval between onset of symptoms and therapy (25.8 h in average) are responsible for the still high operative mortality (52.9% in the reported series). Of crucial importance is the early diagnosis within the first 6-12 hours, in which the ischemic bowel may mostly retain its viability. Since the application of transfemoral selective angiography or primary laparotomy however far more patients can be cured, compared to the results in earlier days. Especially in case of primary laparotomy the operative strategy aims in the exposition and inspection of the main trunk of the superior mesenteric artery and vein. Extensive ischemia of the intestines mandates, first of all, revascularization of the bowels. By means of exclusive vascular reconstruction or in combination with limited bowel resection (15 patients) the operative mortality could be reduced to 20%. For the intraoperative determination of intestinal viability the fluorescein test is of high reliability. New concepts in the management of mesenteric ischemia such as local arterial application of thrombolytics or spasmolytics open new approaches to improve the therapeutic results. Post-operative monitoring of serum-lactate in combination with clinical findings obviates routinely performed second-look operation. PMID- 3234094 TI - [Ileostomy versus colostomy as temporary deviation stoma in relation to stoma closure]. AB - Between January 1, 1982 and June 30, 1987 a total of 122 patients suffering colorectal cancer (n = 88) or diverticulitis of the colon (n = 24) underwent surgery for construction of a transient defunctioning stoma. Closure of the stomata was performed in 71 of the 79 ileostomies (89.9%) and in 36 of the 43 colostomies (83.7%). Regarding sex, age and primary surgical treatment both patient groups were very well comparable. However there were clear differences with regard to closure of the stomatas: Complications following closure occurred in 22.5% of the ileostomies but only in 5.6% of the colostomies. Also lethality was markedly increased following closure of the ileostomies (5.6%) as compared to closure of the colostomies (0%). These results show that ileostomy is a technically complicated procedure and the indication for a transient ileostomy therefore should be made carefully. PMID- 3234095 TI - [Surgical treatment of adenomas of Vater's ampulla by transduodenal submucous excision of Vater's ampulla]. PMID- 3234096 TI - [Choledochus cyst (type I) in adults. Clinical aspects and surgical therapy]. PMID- 3234097 TI - [Surgery in a bloodless field with roll cuffs]. PMID- 3234098 TI - [Tamponade of the sacral wound cavity following rectum amputation as a safe alternative to drainage procedures]. PMID- 3234099 TI - [Comment on the contribution by Ch. Papp et al.: The fasciocutaneous VY flap for covering decubitus ulcers]. PMID- 3234100 TI - [Current status of transplantation of the small intestine in France]. PMID- 3234101 TI - [Interruption of the inferior vena cava by a titanium filter]. PMID- 3234102 TI - [Isolated paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle. An unknown pathology]. PMID- 3234103 TI - [Is conservative treatment legitimate in recurrent liposarcoma of the limbs?]. PMID- 3234104 TI - Circadian rhythms of DNA content in brain and kidney: effects of environmental stimulation. AB - Male adult Wistar rats kept under natural lighting show circadian rhythms of DNA content and DNA synthesis in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and kidney. In the cerebral cortex the acrophases of the 2 rhythms almost coincide during the dark period. On the other hand, in kidney, the acrophase of DNA synthesis is phase advanced by about 14 h with respect to the acrophase of DNA content, which occurs in the dark span, as in the cerebral cortex. Comparable results were obtained in 5 week-old rats raised under artificial lighting conditions (LD 7:19) and exposed for a few days to sensory and social stimulation (an enriched sensory environment). At variance with the latter data, the circadian changes of DNA content and synthesis flattened out and were not statistically significant in the cerebral cortex of 5 week-old rats kept for a few days under conditions of sensory and social deprivation (an impoverished sensory environment). A similar effect occurred in kidney with regard to the rhythm of DNA content, while the circadian rhythm of DNA synthesis remained statistically significant but was phase-delayed by about 6h with respect to the corresponding rhythm occurring in the enriched environment. In sensory impoverished rats, MESOR values of kidney wet weight and DNA specific activity were significantly higher than in sensory enriched rats, while MESOR values of DNA content were significantly lower. The data demonstrate the striking dependence of the circadian variations of DNA content and synthesis on the nature of environmental stimulation. PMID- 3234105 TI - Circadian rhythms in enzymatic activity of rat liver arginase and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The circadian rhythms of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and of arginase activities and total protein content have been studied in the livers of 24-h fasted rats. Both G6PD and arginase activities reach a maximum at night and a minimum during the light period. On the other hand, the total protein level was maximal during the light period while it decreased to its lowest level during the dark period. These results are in agreement with the existence of a lipogenesis lipolysis circadian rhythm in the rat, since the higher G6PD activity at night provides the necessary NADPH for lipid biosynthesis. The increase in arginase activity is also in agreement with an increase in amino-acid catabolism, probably as a source of energy and metabolic intermediates. PMID- 3234106 TI - Circadian rhythm of albumin excretion rate in healthy subjects. AB - Many studies have reported the predictive role of unphysiological levels of microalbuminuria for the development of diabetic nephropathy. It is known that physiological levels of 24-h microalbuminuria do not exceed 20 micrograms/min (28.8 mg/day), but a few data are available for shorter periods. Since an accurate 24-h urine collection is difficult to obtain in screening programs, it seems important to study whether a circadian oscillation exists and, if so, to find more precise reference values. Eleven healthy subjects (mean age 30.6 +/- 2.46 years) with normal glucose tolerance and no family history of diabetes mellitus or nephropathy were studied during the usual routine activity. Urines were collected 6 times at 4-h intervals. It was possible to document the existence of a statistically significant circadian rhythm with the following parameters: MESOR 6.95 +/- 0.49 micrograms/min; amplitude 1.96 +/- 0.37 micrograms/min; acrophase 15(06); 95% CL 13(01)-17(45). These data show that reference values are higher during daytime as compared with nighttime and suggest that the time of urine collection must be taken into consideration in order to define the upper physiological limits more precisely. PMID- 3234107 TI - Effect of age on circadian rhythm of prolactin in normal men. AB - The 24 h secretion pattern of prolactin was studied in 9 young normal males (aged 22-46) and in 11 older normal men (aged 55-74). Despite considerably reduced duration and quality of sleep, the nocturnal surge in plasma prolactin in elderly men was the same as in young subjects. The overall 24 h secretion pattern and the absolute levels of prolactin are unaltered with age in normal men. PMID- 3234108 TI - Evidence of an endogenous circannual rhythm in growth-rates in dinoflagellates. AB - Prorocentrum micans and Gonyaulax excavata clonal cultures grown under constant laboratory environmental conditions (continuous light and 20 +/- 1 degree C), over a two-year period, exhibit significative changes in growth rate. When rhythmometrically analyzed by cosinor, a pattern resembling a circannual rhythm became apparent. Significant rhythmometric differences appeared between species. Endogenous rhythms of microorganisms may have ecological implications. PMID- 3234109 TI - Chronobiology courses at the University of Sao Paulo/Brazil: a four-year experience. AB - We describe the didactic experience of graduate and post-graduate courses on chronobiology in Sao Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 3234110 TI - Chronobiology and Chronomedicine International Conference. People's Republic of China, Chengdu, October 2-7, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3234111 TI - 1st World Conference on Clinical Chronobiology. Monte-Carlo (Principality of Monaco), March 17-20, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3234112 TI - Chronobiology of blood pressure in childhood: implications for tracking. AB - Chronobiology, in its methodological evolution, developed data series analyses paying particular attention to blood pressure (BP), because of the importance of this biorhythmic variable for assessing the risk of developing hypertension. An example of the potentiality of the chronobiologic procedures is given in the present report which deals with the inferential analysis of the BP 24-h patterns in 3-12 year-old children. By using the chronobiologic methodology, time qualified standards for BP are calculated. Rhythmometric parameters for circadian rhythm of systolic and diastolic components of BP are also computed. Data presented are a tangible outcome for emphasizing the introduction of chronobiology in epidemiology and pediatrics in order to optimize the primary prevention and care of hypertension taking as reference the chronobiologic standards of BP. PMID- 3234113 TI - The master clock illusion. PMID- 3234115 TI - Format for time-specified serial biologic data. PMID- 3234114 TI - The need for both macroscopy and microscopy in dealing with spectral structure. PMID- 3234116 TI - [Remodeling of the temporomandibular joint and long-term results after conservative treatment of condylar fractures]. PMID- 3234117 TI - [Evaluation of the result in surgical repair of the traumatized facial nerve]. PMID- 3234118 TI - [Early treatment of soft tissue injuries of the face]. PMID- 3234119 TI - [Treatment of facial bone fractures in children]. PMID- 3234120 TI - [Summary of 14961 cases of maxillo-facial wounds]. PMID- 3234122 TI - [The study of marginal seal between a posterior composite resin filling and tooth tissues]. PMID- 3234121 TI - [Analysis of serum concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese and the copper-zinc ratio in discoid lupus erythematosus with stepwise regression]. PMID- 3234123 TI - [An analysis of causes of fracture of dentures]. PMID- 3234124 TI - [Clinical evaluation of results following periodontal flap surgery with and without periodontal dressing]. PMID- 3234125 TI - [Tooth transplantation in orthodontic surgery]. PMID- 3234126 TI - [Electromyography of the masticatory muscles in normal people]. PMID- 3234127 TI - [Microsurgical reconstruction of inferior alveolar nerve defects during resection of the mandible and evaluation of sensory function after surgery]. PMID- 3234128 TI - [Effect of ion-supplemented acidulated phosphate fluoride (APFI) in the prevention of caries]. PMID- 3234129 TI - [Irritation effects of medical silicone rubber on the oral mucous membrane].